,transcrib]'s notes   ,?is text is d]iv$
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http3_/_/www4ar*ive4org_/details_/ca?oli
cworld#japaulu(t    ,sev]al scann$ pages
 are obscur$ by be+ too closely glu$ at 
!   sp9e4 ,i h int]polat$ ! miss+ text  
:]e x seem$ obvi\s   & left 88 :]e x 0 9
 d\bt4    ,a few cases ( inaccurate     
typesett+ su* z misplac$ words or   l9es
 h be5 correct$4    ,al?\gh squ>e       
brackets  usually designate footnotes or
   transcrib]'s notes1 !y d appe> 9 !   
orig9al text4    ,?is text includes     
,volume ,i2     ,numb] #a--;,april #ahfe
     ,numb] #b--,may #ahfe     ,numb]   
#c--;,june #ahfe     ,numb] #d--;,july  
#ahfe     ,numb] #e--;,augu/ #ahfe      
,numb] #f--,septemb] #ahfe ,end         
,transcrib]'s notes   ,f9e ,b9d+ ,,!    
,,c>swell ,,company ,,limit$    ,,!     
,,ca?olic ,,_w4   ,a ,mon?ly ,eclectic  
,magaz9e  (  ,,g5]al ,,lit]ature ,,&    
,,sci5ce4   ,,vol4 ,i4  ,,april ,,to    
,,septemb]1 #ahfe4    ,,new ,,york3     
,,lawr5ce ,,kehoe1 ,,publi%]1  #g       

,,beekman ,,/reet4  #ahfe4    ,,cont5ts4
     ,anci5t ,sa9ts ( ,god1 ,!1 #ai4    
,ars1 ,a ,pilgrimage to1 #bd4           
,alex&ria1 ,! ,*ri/ian ,s*ools (1 #cc1  
#gba4   ,animal ,k+dom1 ,unity ( ,type 9
 !1 #ga4   ,art1 #acf1 #bhf1 #dbj4      
,art1 ,*ri/ian1 #bdf4   ,au?ors1 ,royal 
& ,imp]ial1 #cbc4   ,all-,hall[ ,eve1 or
 ! ,te/ ( ,futurity1 #ejj1 #feg1 #ghe4  
,arks1 ,noah's1 #eac4    ,bab\1         
,monsieur1 #ajf4   ,bl9d ,deaf ,mute1   
,hi/ory ( a1 #hbf4    ,*ur* 9 ! ,unit$  
,/ates1 ,progress ( !1 #a4   ,con/ance  
,%]wood1 #gh1 #afc1 #cdi1 #dhb1 #fjj1   
#gdh4   ,ca?olicism1 ,! ,two ,sides (1  
#if1 #ffi1 #gda4   ,c>d9al ,wiseman 9   
,rome1 #aag   ,catacombs1 ,rec5t        
,discov]ies 9 !1 #abi4   ,*a/ellux1 ,!  
,m>quis de1 #aha4   ,*ur* ( ,engl&1     
,work+s ( ! ,holy ,_s 9 !1 #bhi4   ,co*9
 ,*9a1 ,fr5*1 #cfi4   ,consalvi's       
,memoirs1 #cgg4   ,*ur* ,hi/ory1 ,a ,lo/
 ,*apt] ,recov]$1 #dad4   ,canova1      
,antonio1 #eih4   ,ca!dral ,libr>y1 ,!1 
#fgi4   ,ca?olic ,philosophy 9 !        

,?irte5? ,c5tury1 #fhe4    ,de ,gu]91   
,eug5ie & ,maurice1 #bad4   ,div9a      
,comm$ia1 ,dante's1 #bfh4   ,d9n] by    
,mi/ake1 ,a1 #ece4   ,dramatic ,my/]ies 
( ! ,fifte5? & ,sixte5? ,c5turies1 #egg4
   ,dubl9 ,may ,morn+1 ,a1 #hbe4        
,ext9ct ,species1 #ebf4   ,exp]i5ce1    
,wisdom by1 #hea4    ,falconry1 ,mod]n1 
#dic4   ,fif? ,c5tury1 ,civilization 9  
!1 #gge4    ,gu]91 ,eug5ie & ,maurice   
de1 #bad4   ,glaci]1 ,a ,night 9 a1     
#cde4   ,gr& ,*>treuse1 ,a ,visit to !1 
#hcj4    ,h$wige1 ,que5 ( ,pol&1 #ade4  
,he>t & ! ,bra91 #fbc4    ,iri% ,poetry1
 ,rec5t1 #dff4    ,jem ,mc,gowan's ,wi%1
 #ef4    ,leg5ds & ,fables1 ,! ,tru? (1 
#dcc4   ,london1 ,ca?olic ,progress 91  
#gjc4   ,london1 #hcf4   ,labor]s ,gone 
to _! ,rew>d1 #hee4    ,mont ,c5is      
,tunnel1 ,!1 #fj4   ,mongols1 ,monks    
among !1 #aeh4   ,m\rne1 ,! ,build+ (1  
#bbe4   ,memoirs1 ,consalvi's1 #cgg4    
,ma9t5on1 ,madame de1 #gii4             
,miscellany1 #acd1 #bhj1 #dbj1 #efg1    
#gab1 #heh4    ,nick ( ,"t1 ,!1 #abd4   

,p]il\s ,j\rney1 ,a1 #aih4   ,p\cette1  
#bfj4   ,pray]1 ,:at came ( a1 #fig4    
,russian ,religi\s1 ,a1 #cjf4    ,sa9ts 
( ,god1 ,! ,anci5t1 #ai4   ,sci5ce1     
#acd1 #bhj1 #gab4   ,/reams1 ,! ,mod]n  
,g5ius (1 #bcc4   ,/ol5 ,sket*1 ,!1     
#cad4   ,swet*9e1 ,madame1 & h] ,salon1 
#def4   ,%akespe>e1 ,william1 #edh4     
,/4 ,sophia1 ,! ,*ur* & ,mosque (1 #fda4
   ,species1 ,! ,orig9 & ,mutability (1 
#hde4    ,?ree ,wi%es1 ,!1 #ca4   ,t]r5e
 ,phosphoresc5ce1 #ggj4    ,upfield1 ,_m
 ,ye>s ,ago at1 #cic4    ,vani%+ ,race1 
,a1 #gjh4    ,wiseman1 ,c>d9al 9 ,rome1 
#aag4   ,w9ds1 ,!1 #bjg4   ,wom51 ,a    
,city (1 #ead4   ,wisdom by ,exp]i5ce1  
#hea4    ,"y's ,n>cissa1 #gig4          
,,poetry    ,a ,lie1 #bde4   ,avignon1  
,! ,bells (1 #ghc4    ,dom9e ,quo       
,vadis8 #gf4   ,dream ( ,g]ontius1 ,!1  
#eag1 #fcj4   ,doro!a1 ,sa9t1 #fff4     
,ex ,humo1 #cc4    ,g]ontius1 ,! ,dream 
(1 #eag1 #fcj4    ,hans ,eul]1 #bcg4    
,lim]ick ,bells1 ,leg5d (1 #aie4        
,m>y1 ,que5 ( ,scots1 ,hymn by1 #ccg4   

,m>t9's ,puzzle1 #gci4    ,sa9t ,doro!a1
 #fff4   ,spee*1 #hbi4    ,twilight 9 ! 
,nor?1 #cdd4    ,unspiritual            
,civilization1 #gdg4   iv  ,cont5ts4    
,,new ,,publications4     ,ar*bi%op     
,spald+'s ,pa/oral1 #add4   ,at ,an*or1 
#bhg4   ,am]ican ,annual ,cyclopa$ia1   
,,u4   ,a ,man )\t a ,c\ntry1 #gbj4     
,banim's ,boyne ,wat]1 #bhf4            
,beatrice1 ,miss ,kavanagh's1 #egd4     
,c>d9al ,wiseman's ,s]mons1 #aci4       
,cumm+s' ,spiritual ,progress1 #adj4    
,*ri/ian ,exam9]1 ,reply to !1 #add4    
,correlation & ,cons]vation ( ,=ces1 ,!1
 #bhh1 #dbe4   ,confessors ( ,connaught1
 #egd4   ,cure ( ,ars1 ,life ( !1 #ege4 
,c]emonial ( ! ,*ur*1 #gbj4    ,d>ras'  
,hi/ory ( ! ,*ur*1 #ada1 #ege1 #hfj4    
,engl&1 ,fr\de's ,hi/ory (1 #gae4       
,fai?1 ! ,victory1 ,bi%op ,mc,gill's1   
#dbh4    ,grace ,morton1 #egd4          
,heyl5's ,progress ( ! ,age1 etc41 #adb4
   ,h\sehold ,poems1 ,longfell['s1 #gai4
    ,irv+ton ,/ories1 #adc4   ,iri%     
,/reet ,ballads1 #gbj4    ,john ,m>y    

,decalogne1 ,life (1 #egf4    ,lamotte  
,f\que's ,und9e1 etc #adb4   ,la ,m]e de
 ,dieu1 #dcb4   ,life ( ,cic]o1 #egc4   
,moral ,subjects1 ,c>d4 ,wiseman's      
,s]mons on #bhg4   ,my/ical ,rose1 ,!1  
#bhh4   ,mat] ,admirabilis4 #dbi4       
,mon? ( ,m>y1 #gbj4   ,m>tyr's ,monum5t1
 ,!1 #hfj4    ,new ,pa?1 ,!1 #bhh1 #egf4
    ,our ,f>m ( ,f\r ,acres1 #adc4      
,prote/ant ,re=mation1 ,abp4 ,spald+'s  
,hi/ory ( !1 #gai4    ,real & ,ideal1   
#dbg4   ,religi\s ,p]fection1 ,bayma's1 
#dca4   ,russo-,greek ,*ur*1 ,!1 #egf4  
,retreat1 ,m$itations & ,consid]ations =
 a1 #gbj4    ,songs = all ,seasons1     
,t5nyson's1 #gai4   ,sybil1 ,a ,trag$y1 
#hfj4    ,translation ( ! ,iliad1 ,"l   
,d]by's1 #egj4   ,truebn]'s ,am]ican &  
,ori5tal ,lit]ature1 #egf4    ,william  
,%akespe>e1 #hfj4   ,:itti]'s ,poems2   
#hfj4    ,"y ,ca?olic's ,libr>y1 #dcb4  
,ye> ( ,m>y1 #gai4  ----  ,,! ,,ca?olic 
,,_w4  ,,vol4 ,i41 ,,no4 #a4--;,,april1 
#ahfe4   ,f ,le ,correspondant4  ,,!    
,,progress ,,( ,,! ,,*ur* ,,9 ,,!       

,,unit$ ,,/ates4  ,,by ,e4 ,,rameur4    
,! foll[+ article w no d\bt be int]e/+  
to our read]s1 n only = its intr9sic    
m]it & its /ore ( valuable in=mation1 b 
also z a record ( ! impressions made ^u 
an intellig5t =eign ,ca?olic1 dur+ a    
visit to ?is c\ntry4 ,z might h be5     
expect$1 ! au?or has n escap$ "s errors 
9 8 hi/orical & /ati/ical /atem5ts--mo/ 
( :i* we h not$ 9 _! appropriate places4
 ,x w also be obs]v$ t :ile exagg]at+ ! 
importance ( ! e>ly ,fr5* settlem5ts 9 !
 developm5t ( ,ca?olicism 9 ! ,unit$    
,/ates1 he has n giv5 ! ,iri% immigrants
 z mu* cr$it z !y des]ve4 ,b despite ^! 
faults1 :i* are su* z a ,fr5*man might  
readily commit1 ! article w amply repay 
read+4--,,ed4 ,,ca?olic ,,_w4  ,aft] !  
,spani>ds _h discov]$ ! ,new ,_w1 & :ile
 !y 7 fight+ aga9/ ! ,pagan civilization
 ( ! s\!rn portions ( ! cont95t1 ! ,fr5*
 made ! fir/ p]man5t ,european settlem5t
 on ! %ores ( ,am]ica4 ,!y f\nd$ ,port  
,royal1 9 ,acaclia1 9 #afjd1 & f t "t _!
 mission>ies began to g =? among !      

savages ( ! ,nor?4 ,x 0 n until #afbj t 
! fir/ colony ( ,engli% ,puritans l&$ 9 
,massa*usetts1 & x !n seem$ n improbable
 t ,ca?olicism 0 de/9$ to be ! dom9ant  
religion ( ! ,new ,_w2 b subsequ5t      
,anglo-,saxon immigration & political   
vicissitudes s *ang$ matt]s1 t by ! end 
( ! la/ c5tury "o might well h believ$ t
 ,prote/antism 0 f9ally & completely    
e/abli%$ ?r\gh\t ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,god1   
h[ev]1 prep>es 8 ways accord+ to 8 own  
good pleasure2 & he kn[s h[ to br+ ab\t 
secret & un=ese5 *anges1 :i* set at     
naught all ! calculations ( man4 ,!     
weakness & int]nal disord]s ( ! ,ca?olic
 nations1 9 ! eighte5? c5tury1 ret>d$   
only = a mom5t ! progress ( ! ,ca?olic  
,*ur*2 & ,provid5ce1 comb9+ ! despis$   
ef=ts ( ^? :o seem$ weak ) ! faults ( ^?
 :o seem$ /rong1 conf\nd$ ! sup]ficial  
judgm5ts ( philosoph]s1 & prep>$ ! way =
 a spe$y religi\s trans=mation (        
,am]ica4  ,?is trans=mation is go+ on 9 
our own times ) a vigor :i* seems to    
increase e ye>4 ,! #b causes :i* h l$ to

 x 71 at ! outset1 s trivial t no writ] 
( ! la/ c5tury w\ld h dream$ ( mak+     
acc\nt ( !m4 ,yet1 already at t "t1     
,canada1 :]e ,ca?olicism is n[ m firmly 
e/abli%$ ?an 9 any o!r "p ( ,am]ica1    
possess$ t fai?ful & en]getic population
 :i* has increas$ s wond]fully dur+ !   
la/ half c5tury2 & ev5 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates
 might h be5 f\nd _m an obscure1 b a    
pati5t & /\t-he>t$ little               
congregation--a relic ( ! old ,engli%   
,*ur*1 :i* aft] ?ree c5turies (         
oppression 0 to arise & spread itself ) 
a new life4 ,b no "o set /ore by ! poor 
,fr5* coloni/s2 ,engl& & ,prote/antism1 
toge!r1 x 0 ?\ght1 w\ld soon absorb !m2 
& z = ! ,papi/s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 !    
wise heads did n ev5 suspect _! exi/5ce4
 ,! writ] :o %\ld h spok5 ( _! future   
w\ld only h be5 laugh$ at4  ,! ,engli%  
,ca?olics1 l ! ,puritans1 e>ly le>n$ to 
look t[>d ,am]ica z a refuge f          
p]secution1 & 9 #afcd1 "u ! direction ( 
,"l ,baltimore1 !y f\nd$ ! colony (     
,m>yl&4 ,despite p]secution f           

,prote/ants :om !y _h freely admitt$    
into _! community1 !y prosp]$1 increas$1
 & became ! g]m ( ! ,*ur* ( ! ,unit$    
,/ates1 n[ s l>ge & fl\ri%+4  ,9 !      
colonial ar*ives ( ! ,m9i/ry ( ! ,navy  
we h f\nd a curi\s manuscript memoir ^u 
,acadia1 by ,lamo! ,cadillac1 9 :i* x is
 /at$ t 9 #afhf !re 7 ,ca?olic          
inhabitants 9 ,new ,york1 & especially 9
 ,m>yl&1 :]e !y _h sev5 or eight prie/s4
 ,ano!r pap] pres]v$ 9 ! same ar*ives   
m5tions a ,ca?olic prie/ resid+ 9 ,new  
,york2 & ,william ,p5n1 :o _h e/abli%$  
absolute tol]ation 9 ! colony adjo9+ t (
 ,m>yl&1 speaks ( an old ,ca?olic prie/ 
:o ex]cis$ ! m9i/ry 9 ,p5nsylvania4  ,! 
,ca?olics at ?is "t are said to h       
compos$ a ?irtie? "p ( ! :ole population
 ( ,m>yl&4 ,?is e/imate seems to u too  
l[4 ,at all ev5ts1 ! increase ( our     
un=tunate bre?r5 9 ! fai? 0 ret>d$ by   
p]secution & difficulties ( all k9ds :i*
 surr\nd$ !m4 ,9 ! ,puritan colonies ( !
 ,nor?1 !y 7 absolutely proscrib$4 ,9 ! 
,s\!rn colonies1 ( ,virg9ia1 ,georgia1 &

 ,c>ol9a1 _! condition 0 b little bett]2
 9 ,new ,york !y enjoy$ a prec>i\s      
tol]ation 9 ! tee? ( p5al laws4 ,9      
,m>yl& & ,p5nsylvania alone !y 7 grant$ 
fre$om ( wor%ip1 & a legal /atus2 ?\gh  
ev5 9 ^? colonies !y 7 expos$ to a ?\s& 
wrongs & vexations4 ,m>yl& p]secut$ !m f
 "t to "t & bani%$ _! prie/s2 & ,william
 ,p5n1 9 8 tol]ant conduct t[>d !m1 0   
bitt]ly oppos$ by 8 own p4  ,nev]!less1 
despite difficulties & viol5ce1 !       
,anglo-,am]ican ,ca?olics increas$ by   
little & little1 :]ev] !y got a foo?old2
 ! desc5dants ( ! old settl]s multipli$2
 new ones came f ,engl& & ,irel&2 & a   
,g]man immigration set 91 especially 9  
,p5nsylvania1 :]e sev]al congregations (
 ,g]man ,ca?olics 7 =m$ at a v e>ly     
p]iod4 ,9 ! ar*ives ( ?is prov9ce we h  
f\nd sev]al valuable indications ( !    
/ate ( ! ,*ur* 9 #agfj4 ,!re 7 !n two   
prie/s1 "o a ,fr5*man or an ,engli%man1 
nam$ ,rob]t ,h>d+1 ! o!r a ,g]man ( ! "n
 ( ,s*neid]4 ,x seems probable t !y 7   
bo? ,jesuits4  ,footnote #a ,9 a lett]  

to ,gov]nor ,l\don1 9 #ageg1 ,fa!r ,h>d+
 e/imates ! numb] ( ,ca?olics 9         
,philadelphia & its imm$iate            
neighborhood at two ?\s&--,engli%1      
,iri%1 & ,g]man2 b 9 ! abs5ce ( ,fa!r   
,s*neid] he c\ld n be positive z to ^!  
figures4 ,a lett] f ,g\v]neur ,morris 9 
#agef #c speaks ( ! ,ca?olics ( ,m>yl& &
 ,p5nsylvania z be+ v num]\s & enjoy+   
fre$om ( wor%ip1 & adds1 t 9            
,philadelphia !re is a ,jesuit :o is a v
 able & tal5t$ man4 ,! ,abbe ,rob91 a   
*apla9 9 ,ro*ambeau's army 9 #agha1     
in=ms u 9 8 n>rative t !re 7 sev]al     
,ca?olic *ur*es at ,fr$]icksburg1 ,va41 
& ev5 a ,ca?olic congregation at        
,*>le/on1 ,s4,c4     ,footnote #a3 ,9   
,de ,c\rcy & ,%ea's ,ca?olic ,*ur* 9 !  
,unit$   ,/ates pp4 #baa1  #bab1 an     
acc\nt w be f\nd ( bo? ^!   mission>ies4
 ,! fir/ m5tion$ 0 an ,engli%man4 ,bo?  
7--   ,jesuits4 ,,ed4 ,c4 ,w4  ,!       
tol]ation accord$ to ! ,jesuits 9 !     
,unit$ ,/ates 0 prec>i\s1 b x am\nt$ 9  
"t to a pretty complete fre$om2 & z !y 7

 n di/urb$ :5 ! ord] 0 suppress$ 9      
,europe1 "s ( _! bre?r5 f abroad took   
refuge ) !m2 s t 9 #aghd1 we f9d1       
accord+ to ,mr4 ,c4 ,moreau1 9 8        
excell5t "w on ! ,fr5* emigrant prie/s 9
 ,am]ica1  ,footnote #b n9ete5 prie/s 9 
,m>yl&1 & five 9 ,p5nsylvania4 ,to ^! we
 mu/ add ! prie/s ( ,detroit1 ,mi*41    
,v9c5nes1 ,ind41 & ,kaskaskia &         
,cahokia1 ,ill41 all f\r orig9ally      
,fr5*-,canadian settlem5ts :i* 7 c$$ to 
,engl& along ) ,canada1 & aft] !        
,am]ican ,revolution became p>ts ( !    
,unit$ ,/ates4 ,c\nt+1 moreov]1 !       
mission>ies scatt]$ among ! ,indian     
tribes1 we may safely say t ! ,am]ican  
,republic conta9$ at ! p]iod ( :i* we   
are speak+ n few] ?an ?irty or =ty      
ecclesia/ics4 ,! numb] ( ! fai?ful may  
be set d[n z #af1jjj 9 ,m>yl&1 #g1jjj or
 #h1jjj 9 ,p5nsylvania1 #c1jjj at       
,detroit & ,v9c5nes1 & ab\t #b1ejj 9    
s\!rn ,ill9ois2 9 all ! o!r /ates toge!r
 !y h>dly am\nt$ to #a1ejj4 ,9 a total  
population !re=e ( #c1jjj1jjj !y numb]$ 

ab\t #cj1jjj1 & ( ^! #e1ejj 7 ( ,fr5*   
orig94 ,su* 0 ! condition ( ! ,*ur* 9 ! 
,unit$ ,/ates :5 x 0 regul>ly e/abli%$ 9
 #aghi by ! erection ( an episcopal see 
at ,baltimore1 & ! appo9tm5t1 z bi%op1 (
 ,mr4 ,c>roll1 an ,am]ican prie/1 born (
 "o ( ! olde/ ,ca?olic families (       
,m>yl&4 ,! disp]sion ( ! cl]gy (        
,france1 9 #agij1 soon aft]w>d suppli$  
,am]ica ) num]\s evangelical labor]s1 :o
 gave a new impulse to ! developm5t :i* 
0 j becom+ app>5t 9 ! infant ,*ur*4     
,footnote #b3 ,"o vol4 #abmo4 ,p>is3    
,d\niol4  ,a few ye>s be=e ! ,fr5*      
,revolution1 ,mr4 ,em]y1 sup]ior ( ,sa9t
 ,sulpice1 guid$ by :at we mu/ t]m an   
extraord9>y inspiration1 came to !      
assi/ance ( ! ,am]ican ,*ur*1 & ) ! help
 ( 8 bro!r ,sulpitians & at ! co/ ( !   
society1 f\nd$ a !ological sem9>y at    
,baltimore4 ,8 plans 7 already well     
matur$ :5 ,bi%op ,c>roll1 soon aft] 8   
appo9tm5t1 ent]+ he>tily into ! project1
 promis$ him a h\se & all ! assi/ance he
 c\ld give4 ,f\r ,sulpitians accord+ly  

set out f ,p>is 9 #agij1 tak+ ) !m five 
,sem9>ians4 ,!y 7 suppli$ ) #cj1jjj     
francs to defray ! co/ ( _! e/abli%m5t1 
& to ?is mode/ sum ! crisis :i* soon    
ov]took ! p>5t e/abli%m5t all[$ !m to   
add b little2 b ?is mite1 be/[$ by !    
,*ur* ( ,france 9 ! la/ days ( h] weal?1
 0 de/9$ to become1 l ! wid['s mite1 !  
price ( innum]able bless+s4  ,betwe5    
#agia & #agii ! /orm ( revolution drove 
tw5ty-?ree ,fr5* prie/s to ! ,unit$     
,/ates4 ,z ! fir/ apo/les1 :5 !y set out
 f ,rome1 portion$ out ,g]many & ,gaul  
among !mselves1 s !y divid$ ?is c\ntry1 
& mo/ ( !m organiz$ new communities (   
,*ri/ians1 or by _! zeal awak5$         
communities t slept4 ,six ( !m1 ,flaget1
 ,*ev]us1 ,dub\rg1 ,m>e*al1 ,dubois1 &  
,david1 became bi%ops4  ,! base (       
op]ations f :i* ^! peaceful b victori\s 
invad]s w5t =? 0 ,baltimore1 ! episcopal
 see ar\nd :i* 7 ga!r$ ! old ,am]ican   
cl]gy & ! great] "p ( ! ,ca?olic        
population4 ,x 0 "h t ! ,sulpitians #d  
_h _! sem9>y1 & ?is e/abli%m5t became a 

c5tre ( attraction = a great _m ( ^!    
exil$ prie/s :o belong$ to ! ,society ( 
,sa9t ,sulpice4 ,"s 7z ,,mm4 ,ciqu>d1   
,matignon1 & ,*ev]us7 b5t _! /eps f     
,baltimore t[>d ! labori\s missions     
among ! intol]ant & (t5 fanatical       
,puritans ( ! ,nor?1 :]e ! ,ca?olics--a 
m]e h&ful--7 f\nd scatt]$ f> & wide2    
isolat$ 9 ! mid/ ( a ,prote/ant         
population2 depriv$ ( prie/s & religi\s 
s]vices1 & 9 dang] ( totally =gett+ !   
fai? 9 :i* !y _h be5 baptiz$4 ,no?+     
disc\rag$ ^! apo/olic m54 ,aid$ by div9e
 grace1 !y awak5$ ! indiff]5t1 conv]t$  
h]etics1 ga!r$ ab\t !m ! few ,ca?olics  
:o immigrat$ f ,europe1 attract$ all m5 
by _! affable & conciliat+ mann]s1 _!   
intellig5ce & education1 & !            
dis9t]e/$ness ( _! lives4 ,soon on ?is  
app>5tly /]ile soil ,ca?olic p>i%es grew
 up & fl\ri%$ 9 ! mid/ ( p :o _h nev]   
be=e se5 a prie/4 ,?us 7 f\nd$ ! *ur*es 
( ,massa*usetts1 ,ma9e1 &               
,connecticut--s quickly t1 9 #ahaj 7t is
 to say1 only eighte5 ye>s aft] ! beg9n+

 ( ! missions71 x 0 deem$ advisable to  
erect = !m ano!r bi%opric4              
,congregations _h sprung up on e side z 
if by en*antm5t1 & ! v5]able ,abbe      
,*ev]us 0 appo9t$ _! fir/ bi%op4  ,o!rs 
w5t we/w>d4 ,! ,abbes ,flaget1 ,bad91   
,b>ri]e1 ,f\rni]1 & ,salmon c>ri$ ! fai?
 into ,k5tucky4 ,!re !y f\nd a few      
,ca?olic families :o _h emigrat$ f      
,m>yl&4 ,) !m !y organiz$ *ur*es1 :i*   
increas$ ) prodigi\s rapidity1 & 7 !    
orig9 ( ! pres5t dioceses ( ,l\isville1 
,cov+ton1 ,na%ville1 & ,alton4  ,!      
,abbes ,ri*>d1 ,levad\r1 ,dilhiet1 &    
sev]al o!rs1 pass$ ?r\gh ! =e/ & !      
wild]ness1 & jo9$ ! old ,fr5* colonies  
:i* /ill surviv$ ar\nd ! ru9s ( ! ,fr5* 
milit>y po/s 9 ! ,nor?we/ & 9 ! valley (
 ! ,mississippi4 ,!y f\nd !re a few     
mission>ies1 :om ! ,canadian ,*ur* /ill 
ma9ta9$ 9 ^? di/ant c\ntries2 b _! ranks
 7 ?91 & !y 7 old & feeble4 ,?is preci\s
 re9=cem5t enabl$ !m to give a fre%     
impetus to ! ,fr5* ,ca?olic             
congregations ov] :om !y kept wat* 9 !  

=e/4 ,detroit1 ,v9c5nes1 ,cahokia1      
,kaskaskia1 & aft]w>d ,/4 ,g5evieve &   
,/4 ,l\is 9 ,miss\ri1 c$$ to ! ,unit$   
,/ates 9 #ahjc1 receiv$ ! visits ( ^!   
new apo/les1 & exp]i5c$ ! b5efits ( _!  
intellig5ce & zeal4 ,ne>ly all ! places 
:]e !y fix$ !mselves h s9ce giv5 _!     
names to l>ge & fl\ri%+ bi%oprics4      
,sev]al ( ! emigrant prie/s rema9$ 9    
,m>yl& & ,virg9ia1 & enabl$ !           
,sulpitians to complete ! organization (
 _! sem9>y1 :ile at ! same "t !y assi/$ 
,bi%op ,c>roll 9 provid+ m p]fectly &   
regul>ly = ! wants ( ^? c5tral prov9ces 
:i* might be call$ ! fir/ home (        
,am]ican ,ca?olicism4 ,! numb] ( !      
fai?ful ev]y:]e increas$ rem>kably4 ,we 
c h>dly e/imate ! extraord9>y influ5ce  
:i* ^! ,fr5* mission>ies ex]cis$ by _!  
exempl>y lives1 _! le>n+1 _! great      
qualities z m51 & _! virtues z sa9ts2 & 
! ,anglo-,saxon inhabitants 7:o are     
?or\ghly ,prote/ant if y w1 b = all t   
religi\s at bottom7 7 /ruck by _! "* all
 ! m =cibly because x 0 s totally       

diff]5t f :at _! prejudices _h l$ !m to 
expect ( ! ,ca?olic cl]gy4  ,!re is     
some?+ patri>*al & ,hom]ic 9 ! lives (  
^! m51 :i* read l ! poetic leg5ds 9 :i* 
nations h commemorat$ ! hi/ory ( _! fir/
 e/abli%m5t4 ,we h se5 ! j\rnal ( "o (  
^! mission>ies--! ,abbe ,b\rg1 #e :o    
labor$ fur!r ,nor?1 9 ,new ,brunswick & 
,nova ,scotia4 ,8 life 0 "o long1       
p]petual ,odyssey4 ,9 ! spr+ he us$ to  
/>t f ! ,bay ( ,*aleur1 trav]se ! nor!rn
 coa/s ( ,new ,brunswick1 pass d[n !    
,bay ( ,fundy1 make ! entire circuit ( !
 p59sula ( ,nova ,scotia1 & aft] a      
j\rney ( five hundr$ leagues1 p]=m$ 9   
n9e or t5 mon?s1 visit ! isl&s 9 ! ,gulf
 ( ,/4 ,lawr5ce1 & s come back to 8 po9t
 ( dep>ture4 ,f place to place1 ! news (
 8 approa* 0 s5t =w>d by ! settl]s1 s t 
:5ev] he /opp$ he f\nd ! fai?ful wait+ =
 him1 & :ole families came fifte5 or    
tw5ty leagues to meet him4 ,h>dly _h he 
arriv$ be=e he began ! r\nd ( prie/ly   
labor1 ( confession & baptism1 ( burial 
& m>riage4 ,he 0 ! arbit] ( private     

qu>rels1 & (t5 ( public disputes4 ,he   
f\nd "t )al to look aft] ! education ( !
 *ildr5--at lea/ to make sure t !y 7    
well taught at home4 ,?us he w\ld /ay   
fifte5 days p]haps 9 "o place1 a mon? 9 
ano!r1 accord+ to ! numb] ( !           
inhabitants4 ,! fir/ communion ( !      
*ildr5 cr[n$ 8 visit4 ,!n ! man ( ,god1 
) a la/ bless+ on 8 weep+ flock1        
disappe>$ = a :ole ye>2 & :5 ! app>ition
 s long desir$1 b s transitory1 _h      
pass$1 x left beh9d a halo ( sup]human  
glory1 :i* seem$ to ^! pi\s p ! glory r 
( a prophet ?an ( an ord9>y man4  ,9 su*
 ways ! m>ks ( a mess5g] f ,god seem$ m 
& m cle>ly & unmi/akably /amp$ ^u !     
,ca?olic mission>y1 & ,prote/ants       
!mselves began to yield to ! subtle     
influ5ce ( s mu* real virtue &          
self-devotion4 ,conv]sions 7 frequ5t ev5
 among ! desc5dants ( ! /]n ,puritans4  
,_m ( ! mo/ f]v5t ,ca?olic families 9 ! 
,unit$ ,/ates date f ?is p]iod4 ,a ri*  
,presbyt]ian m9i/] ( ,bo/on 7,mr4 ,john 
,?ay]7 0 conv]t$1 & became a prie/ & an 

apo/le4 ,s ,god scatt]$ ! se$ ( grace   
beh9d ! foot/eps ( 8 poor1 p]secut$     
*ildr51 :o1 despite _! app>5t mis]y1    
bore cont9ually ) !m ! weal? ( ! s\l1 ! 
p[] ( ! ,^w1 & ! m>vell\s attraction (  
_! sacrifices & virtues4  ,provid5ce1   
h[ev]1 _h n deploy$ s /rong a =ce = no  
purpose beyond ! capture ( ^! conv]ts4  
,a v few mission>ies might h suffic$ =  
t2 b x 0 n[ "t to prep>e ! l& = ! great 
,european immigration :i* 0 to cause !  
a/oni%+ gr[? ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,spread+
 !mselves ov] ! va/ area ( ! ,union1 !  
emigrants f\nd ev]y:]e ^! vet]an soldi]s
 :om ! ,fr5* ,revolution _h s5t =? into 
! ,new ,_w z pione]s1 tri$ bo? by ! pa9s
 ( p]secution & ! labors ( apo/le%ip4   
,be=e ?is great human tide ! old        
emigrant prie/s 7 l ! primitive rocks   
:i* arre/ & fix geological deposits1 ,! 
,ca?olic "p ( ! toss+ flood inv>iably   
settl$ ar\nd !m & _! disciples4 ,all ov]
 ! ,we/ ! *ur*es f\nd$ by ! old ,fr5*   
settl]s increas$1 & new ones sprang up  
:]ev] a ,ca?olic prie/ e/abli%$ himself4

 ,f t mom5t ! gr& progressive movem5t   
has nev] ceas$4 ,! blood ( ! m>tyrs (   
,france1 ! _s ( h] bani%$ apo/les1      
became fruitful ( bless+s1 ( :i* !      
,am]ican *ur*es are daily s5sible4  ,!  
fir/ bi%op 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates _h be5     
appo9t$ 9 #aghi4 ,f\r ye>s aft]w>d ano!r
 see 0 erect$ at ,new ,orleans1 ,la41   
:i*1 t5 ye>s lat]1 became a "p ( !      
,unit$ ,/ates2 & 9 #ahjh1 s rapid _h be5
 ! ,ca?olic developm5t1 t ?ree new      
bi%ops 7 consecrat$--"o = ,l\isville1   
,ky41 ano!r = ,new ,york1 & ! ?ird =    
,bo/on1 ,mass4 ,two ( ^! sees 7 occupi$ 
by ! ,fr5* mission>ies :o _h f\nd$      
!m--,bi%op #f ,flaget at ,l\isville1 &  
,bi%op ,*ev]us at ,bo/on4 ,t ( ,new     
,york 0 entru/$ to a v5]able prie/ (    
,engli% ,iri% orig9--! ,rev4 ,luke      
,concan54 ,9 ! :ole ,unit$ ,/ates !re 7 
!n sixty-eight prie/s & ab\t #ajj1jjj   
,ca?olics4 ,lei u n[ glance at ! rapid  
increase ( ! ,am]ican ,*ur* up to our   
own day4   ,i4  ,f ! ,/ates ( ,m>yl& &  
,p5nsylvania ! ,*ur* 0 n long 9 spread+ 

into ,virg9ia1 ,new ,york1 ,k5tucky1 &  
,ohio4 ,! e/abli%m5t ( sees at          
,l\isville & ,new ,york 0 foll[$ by !   
erection ( o!rs at ,philadelphia 9      
#ahji1 & ,ri*mond & ,c9c9nati 9 #ahba4  
,! two ,c>ol9as1 9 :i* ! ,ca?olics _h   
hi!rto be5 an obscure & rigor\sly       
proscrib$ class1 receiv$ a bi%op at     
,*>le/on 9 #ahbj4 ,new ,orleans1 a      
diocese ( ,fr5* creation1 0 divid$ 9    
#ahbd by ! erection ( ! bi%opric (      
,mobile4 ,! old ,fr5* colonies 9 ! f>   
,we/ 7 ! nucleus ar\nd :i* 7 =m$ o!r    
*ur*es4 ,! dioceses ( ,/4 ,l\is1 ,mo4   
7organiz$ 9 #ahbf71 ,detroit1 ,mi*4     
7#ahcb71 & ,v9c5nes1 ,ind4 7#ahcd71 all 
took _! names f anci5t ,fr5* settlem5ts1
 & 7 peopl$ almo/ exclusively by        
desc5dants ( ! ,fr5* ,canadians :o 7 _! 
fir/ inhabitants4  ,?us1 9 ! c\rse (    
tw5ty-six ye>s1 we see eight new sees   
erect$1 mak+ ! numb] ( bi%ops 9 ! ,unit$
 ,/ates ?irte54 ,! numb] ( ! cl]gy      
am\nt$ 9 #ahcj to #bcb1 & 9 #ahcd       
probably exce$$ #cjj4 ,at ! date ( !    

next (ficial returns 7#ahdj7 !re 7 #dhb 
prie/s & ?ree m bi%oprics--^? ( ,nat*ez1
 ,miss41 & ,na%ville1 ,t5n41 bo?        
e/abli%$ 9 #ahcg1 & t ( ,mont]ey 9      
,cali=nia1 a c\ntry ( ,spani% settlem5t 
:i* _h rec5tly be5 annex$ to ! ,unit$   
,/ates4   ,footnote #c    ,footnote #c3 
,mont]ey 0 n a "p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates     
until   #ahdh1 nor a bi%op's see until  
#ahej4 ,9 place ( x we %\ld   sub/itute 
,dubuque1 made a see 9 #ahcg4--;,,ed4   
,c4 ,w4  ,b ?is increase 0 n comp>able  
to t :i* foll[$ betwe5 #ahdj & #ahej4 ,9
 t5 ye>s ! numb] ( bi%ops 0 d\bl$ by !  
erection ( fifte5 sev5te5 new sees4 ,9  
#ahdj !re 7 sixte52 9 #ahej ?irty-"o    
?irty-?ree4 ,! gr[? dur+ ?is p]iod 0 mo/
 p]ceptible 9 ! ,nor? & ,we/4 ,among !  
new sees 7 ,h>t=d1 ,conn41 ,albany &    
,buffalo1 ,n4 ,y41 ,pittsburg1 ,p5n41   
,clevel&1 ,o41 ,*icago1 ,ill41          
,milwaukee1 ,wis41 ,/4 ,paul1 ,m9n41    
,oregon ,city & ,nesqualy1 ,oregon1 &   
,:eel+ 9 ,nor!rn ,virg9ia4 ,! o!rs 7    
,little ,rock1 ,ark41 ,savannah1 ,ga41  

,galve/on1 ,texas1 & ,santa ,fe1 ,new   
,mexico4   ,footnote #d ,! cl]gy 9 #ahej
 numb]$ #a1hjj1 hav+ consid]ably m ?an  
d\bl$ ne>ly quadrupl$ _! numb] 9 t5     
ye>s4    ,footnote #d3 ,& ,san          
,francisco & ,mont]ey--,,ed ,c4 ,w4     
,?us we see t ! ,*ur* 0 press+ h>d & fa/
 ^u ! old ,new ,engl& ,puritans4 ,!y    
soon began to feel uneasy1 & to oppose  
sometimes a viol5t resi/ance to h]      
progress4 ,9 "s ( ! ,/ates1 especially  
,connecticut & ,new ,hamp%ire1 !re 7    
laws aga9/ ! ,ca?olics yet unrepeal$2 s 
t ! dom9ant p>ty _h m ways ( %[+ _!     
hatr$ ( ! ,*ur* ?an by m]e petty        
vexations4 ,9 ,bo/on ?+s w5t s f> t a   
nunn]y 0 pillag$ & burn$ by a mob4 ,x is
 f ?is "t t we mu/ date ! orig9 ( !     
,"k-,no?+ movem5t1 direct$ o/5sibly     
aga9/ =eign]s1 b und\bt$ly animat$ 9 !  
ma9 by hatr$ ( ,ca?olicism & al>m at its
 progress4 ,! frett+ & fum+ ( ?is       
political p>ty 0 ! la/ ef=t ( ,puritan  
antipa?y4 ,! ,*ur* prosp]$ 9 spite ( x2 
s ! ,puritans resign$ !mselves to       

witness h] gradual aggressions ) ! be/  
grace !y c\ld assume4  #g  ,t5 new sees 
7 e/abli%$ betwe5 #ahej & #ahfj1 & eight
 ( ^! 7 9 ! ,nor? or ,we/--viz41 ,erie1 
,new>k1 ,burl+ton1 ,portl&1 ,=t ,wayne1 
,sault ,/4 ,m>ie1 ,alton1 & ,brooklyn4  
,two 7 9 ! ,s\?--,cov+ton & ,nat*ito*es4
 ,!re 7 ?us 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 9 #ahfj1 
=ty-?ree bi%oprics1 ) #b1bce prie/s4    
,let u n[ see h[ _m ,ca?olics 7 embrac$ 
9 ^! dioceses1 & :at proportion !y bore 
to ! total population4  ,! numb] ( !    
fai?ful x is n easy to det]m9e          
accurately2 = a false delicacy prev5ts !
 ,am]icans f includ+ ! /ati/ics (       
religi\s belief 9 _! c5sus-tables4      
,e/imates are v v>iable4 ,a "w pr9t$ at 
,philadelphia 9 #aheh by a ,prote/ant   
au?or sets d[n ! numb] ( ,ca?olics z    
#c1agg1adj4 ,dr4 ,baird1 a ,prote/ant   
m9i/]1 publi%$ at ,p>is 9 #aheg an essay
 on religion 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates--an      
essay1 be x rem>k$1 :i* %[$ ! ,ca?olics 
no favor--9 :i* he e/imat$ _! numb] at  
#c1ejj1jjj4 ,b nei!r ( ^! e/imates re/s 

^u tru/wor?y data4 ,!y 7 c]ta9ly bel[ ! 
tru? :5 !y 7 made1 & are !re=e f> f l>ge
 en\gh n[1 = ! ye>ly increase is v      
great4  ,our own calculations are drawn 
p>tly f our p]sonal obs]vation1 & p>tly 
f (ficial docum5ts publi%$ by v>i\s     
ecclesia/ical au?orities4 ,! be/        
crit]ion is und\bt$ly ! rate ( increase 
( ! cl]gy4  ,x mu/ be evid5t t 9        
,am]ica1 m ?an 9 any o!r c\ntry1 !re is 
a logical relation betwe5 ! numb] ( !   
fai?ful & ! numb] ( ! prie/s4 ,z ! cl]gy
 dep5d entirely ^u ! volunt>y           
contributions ( _! p1 !re mu/ be a fix$ 
ratio betwe5 ! gr[? ( ! flocks & !      
multiplication ( pa/ors4 ,if ! cl]gy    
increase too fa/1 !y endang] _! means ( 
support4 ,n[1 if prie/s _c live 9       
,am]ica )\t a c]ta9 numb] ( p>i%ion]s to
 support !m1 we may take ?is numb] z a  
basis = calculat+ ! m9imum ( ! ,ca?olic 
population2 & we may safely say t !     
population w be 9 reality mu* great] ?an
 ?is m9imum2 because1 z we c te/ify f   
exp]i5ce1 ! *ur*es nev] lack            

congregations1 & 9 mo/ places ! numb] ( 
! cl]gy is insuffici5t to supply ev5 !  
mo/ press+ religi\s wants ( ! p4 ,"o    
nev] sees a prie/ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates     
seek+ = employm5t4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! cry 
( spiritual de/itution daily goes up f  
p>i%es & communities :i* h no pa/ors4   
,calculations f\nd$ ^u ! /ati/ics ( *ur*
 accommodations giv5 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates  
c5sus--t is1 ( ! numb] ( p]sons ! *ur*es
 are capable ( hold+--are n applicable  
to our case2 because ! ,ca?olic *ur*es1 
especially 9 ! l>ge cities1 are ?rong$  
two or ?ree times e ,sunday by z _m     
di/9ct congregations1 :ile ! ,prote/ant 
*ur*es h only "o s]vice = all4 ,!       
capacity ( ! *ur*es !re=e gives u nei!r 
! actual numb] ( wor%ipp]s nor !        
proportion betwe5 our own p & ^? ( o!r  
d5om9ations4 ,we h tak51 !n1 z ! basis (
 our e/imate1 ! ratio betwe5 ! numb] (  
prie/s & ! numb] ( ! fai?ful1 correct+ !
 result accord+ to ! circum/ances (     
p>ticul> places4 ,! fir/ po9t is to     
e/abli% ?is ratio1 & we are l$ by !     

concurr5t results ( c>eful e/imates made
 9 "s ( ! ,/ates1 & special or g5]al    
calculations :i* we h _h opportunity (  
mak+ 9 p]son1 to fix x at ! av]age ( "o 
prie/ = e #b1jjj ,ca?olics4 ,b we h a v 
tru/wor?y me?od ( v]ify+ ?is e/imate1 & 
t is by comp>ison betwe5 ! ,unit$ ,/ates
 & ! contigu\s ,briti% ,prov9ces1 9 :i* 
! /ati/ics ( religi\s belief are includ$
 9 ! g5]al c5sus4 ,sett+ aside ,l[]     
,canada1 :]e ! ,ca?olic population is z 
compact z x is 9 ,france1 we f9d t 9    
,upp] #h ,canada1 a c\ntry :i* resembles
 ! ,we/]n ,unit$ ,/ates1 ! ratio 9 #ahfj
 0 "o prie/ = e #a1hej ,ca?olics1 & 9   
,new ,brunswick1 a t]ritory v l ,new    
,engl&1 "o = e #b1djj4 ,our av]age ratio
 ( "o = e #b1jjj _c1 !re=e1 be f> f !   
tru?4 ,we h made due acc\nt ( all data  
by :i* ?is ratio c\ld be ei!r rais$ or  
l[]$ 9 p>ticul> times & places4 ,we h   
ourselves made inve/igations 9 c]ta9    
di/ricts1 & p]sons well qualifi$ to     
speak on ! subject h giv5 u in=mation   
ab\t o!rs4 ,! result ( our correct$     

calculation gives u #d1djj1jjj z !      
,ca?olic population ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 
#ahfj1 ! date ( ! la/ g5]al c5sus4 ,we  
%all give pres5tly ! di/ribution ( ?is  
total among ! sev]al /ates2 b we wi%    
fir/ to call att5tion to ano!r fact (   
great importance :i* appe>s f our       
figures4 ,9 #ahjh ! ,ca?olics 7 #ajj1jjj
 9 a total population ( #f1ejj1jjj1 or  
#a_/fe? ( ! :ole2 9 #ahcj !y 7 #dej1jjj 
9 #ac1jjj1jjj1 or #a_/bi? ( ! :ole2 9   
#ahdj1 #ifj1jjj 9 #ag1jgj1jjj1 or       
#a_/ah?2 9 #ahej1 #b1aej1jjj 9          
#bc1aia1jjj1 or #a_/aa?2 & f9ally1 9    
#ahfj !y 7 ov] #d1djj1jjj 9 #ca1jjj1jjj1
 or #a_/g? ( ! total population4 ,x ?us 
appe>s t = fifty ye>s ! ,ca?olics h     
increas$ mu* fa/] ?an ! re/ ( !         
inhabitants1 & especially dur+ ! la/ two
 decades4 ,betwe5 #ahdj & #ahej _! ratio
 ( increase 0 #abe p] c5t41 :ile t ( !  
:ole population 0 only #cf2 & f #ahej to
 #ahfj _! ratio ( increase 0 #aji p]    
c5t41 :ile t ( ! :ole p 0 #ce4ei4 ,^!   
figures1 to be sure1 are n ma!matically 

c]ta91 = !y are d$uc$ p>tly f e/imates2 
b we are confid5t t1 consid]+ ! imp]fect
 mat]ials at our disposal1 we h come z  
ne> ! exact tru? z possible1 bo? 9 !    
ratio ( increase & 9 ! total population4
 ,(ficial returns 9 ! ,briti% ,prov9ces 
confirm our calculations 9 a mo/        
rem>kable mann]2 & we believe t1 e/imat+
 ! future gr[? on ! mo/ mod]ate scale1 !
 ,ca?olics w numb] 9 #ahgj "o-fif? ( !  
:ole population1 & 9 #aijj n f> f       
"o-?ird4   ,,ii4  ,hav+ trac$ ! progress
 ( ! ,*ur* /ep by /ep 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1
 x w n[ be equally int]e/+ & in/ructive 
to see h[ ?is progress has be5 made 9   
diff]5t places4 ,! ,ca?olics are by no  
means uni=mly disp]s$ ov] ! c\ntry1 & _!
 increase has n be5 equally rapid 9 all 
! /ates4 ,x w be wor? our :ile to see 9 
:i* qu>t]s !y are settl$ ) ! mo/        
compactness & 9 :i* !y are widely       
disp]s$2 & ?us we may pr$ict )\t great  
risk :i* regions are de/9$ to be !      
,ca?olic /rongholds 9 ! ,new ,_w4 ,we h 
already said t ! proportion ( !         

,ca?olics to ! :ole p 9 #ahfj 0 z "o to 
sev52 b if we divide ! c\ntry into two  
p>ts we %all f9d t 9 ! ,s\!rn /ates !re 
are only #a1bjj1jjj ,ca?olics 9 a       
population ( #ab1jjj1jjj--t is1 !y are  
#a_/aj? ( ! :ole2 :ile 9 ! ,nor? !y     
numb] #c1bjj1jjj 9 #ai1jjj1jjj1 or m ?an
 #a_/f?4 ,ev5 ^! figures give b a v     
g5]al idea ( ! di/ribution ( ! fai?ful4 
,if we take ! :ole c\ntry1 /ate by /ate1
 we %all f9d ! proportions /ill m       
v>iable4 ,9 "s places ! ,ca?olic elem5t 
is already s /rong t its ultimate       
prepond]ance c h>dly be d\bt$1 :ile its 
sl[ developm5t 9 o!r qu>t]s promises    
little = ! future4 ,! foll[+ tables w   
enable our read]s to compreh5d at once !
 di/ribution ( ! ,ca?olics among ! v>i\s
 /ates3  #i  ,,nor!rn ,,/ates4  ,,s\!rn 
,,/ates4  ,illu/ration  #aj  ,^! tables 
%[ at a glance ! disproportion betwe5 ! 
,ca?olics ( ! ,nor? & ^? ( ! ,s\?4 ,9   
only "o ,nor!rn /ate 7t ( ,ma9e7 is !   
proportion ( ,ca?olics z small z #e4de  
p] c5t1 ( ! :ole population2 :ile !re   

are no few] ?an five ,s\!rn /ates 9 :i* 
x is less ?an ?ree p] c5t4 ,if we leave 
out ,new ,mexico1 ,texas1 ,l\isiana1    
,miss\ri1 & ,m>yl&1 :]e ! prepond]ance (
 ! fai?ful is due to special causes1 we 
f9d t 9 ! o!r ,s\!rn /ates ! av]age     
proportion is n above f\r p] c5t4 ,9 o!r
 words1 9 ^! regions ! ,*ur* has little 
bett] ?an a nom9al exi/5ce4 ,?is is     
p>tly because ! /ream ( ,european       
immigration has always fl[$ 9 o!r       
directions1 & p>tly because ! negroes   
g5]ally adh]e to ! ,bapti/ or ,me?odi/  
sects 9 pref]5ce to ! ,*ur*4  ,b :5 we  
exam9e ! tables m 9 detail1 we see t 9  
bo? sections ! ratio ( ,ca?olics v>ies  
greatly 9 diff]5t /ates4 ,x is easy to  
acc\nt = ?is diff]5ce 9 ! ,s\?4 ,six    
/ates only h any consid]able numb] (    
,ca?olic inhabitants4 ,l\isiana &       
,miss\ri owe !m to ! old ,fr5* colonies 
ar\nd :i* ! ,ca?olic settl]s clu/]$4 ,9 
,new ,mexico1 m ?an ?ree-f\r?s ( ! p are
 ( ,spani%-,mexican orig94 ,texas d]ives
 a great numb] ( h] inhabitants f       

,mexico1 & has receiv$ a l>ge ,ca?olic  
emigration bo? f ,europe & f ! ,unit$   
,/ates4 ,m>yl&1 ! g]m ( ! ,am]ican      
,*ur*1 owes h] religi\s prosp]ity to !  
fir/ ,engli% ,ca?olic settl]s2 & ! ,*ur*
 9 ,k5tucky is an (f%oot ( t 9 ,m>yl&4  
,su* are ! special causes ( ! great     
diff]5ces betwe5 ! *ur*es ( ! v>i\s     
,s\!rn /ates4 ,9 ! ,nor? !re is less    
disp>ity4 ,european immigration has     
produc$ a mu* m decid$ effect 9 ?is     
section ?an 9 ! prec$+4 ,f ?is s\rce    
come mo/ ( ! fai?ful ( ,new ,york1      
,oregon1 ,cali=nia1 ,ohio1 & ,new       
,j]sey4 ,9 ,ohio ! ,g]mans h done !     
pr9cipal "p1 & !y h done mu* also 9     
,p5nsylvania & ,wiscons94 ,! effect (   
conv]sions is m p]ceptible 9            
,connecticut1 ,rhode ,isl&1             
,massa*usetts1 & ,new ,york ?an else:]e4
 ,9 _m ( ! /ates1 h[ev]1 & especially 9 
,p5nsylvania1 we f9d num]\s desc5dants (
 ,engli% ,ca?olic settl]s1 :ile ! old   
,fr5* colonies ( ! ,we/ h _h _! influ5ce
 ^u ! population ( ,mi*igan1 ,wiscons91 

,m9nesota1 & ,ill9ois1 & also ( ! nor!rn
 "p ( ,new ,york1 :]e ! ,fr5* ,canadians
 are daily spread+ _! ramifications     
across ! fronti]4 ,if we look n[ at !   
localities 9 :i* ! proportion (         
,ca?olics is greate/1 we %all notice    
sev]al int]e/+ po9ts t\*+ ! laws :i* h  
det]m9$ ! direction ( ! pr9cipal        
developm5t ( ! ,*ur*1 & :i* w probably  
promote x 9 ! future4 ,9 ! ,s\? !re are 
:at we may call ?ree gr\ps ( /ates 9 :i*
 ! ,ca?olic elem5t is notably /rong] ?an
 9 ! o!rs4 ,"o belongs exclusively to ! 
,s\!rn section1 & consi/s ( ,l\isiana1  
,texas1 & ,new ,mexico1 hav+ an         
aggregate ,ca?olic population ( #chj1jjj
 9 #a1cfc1hjj1 or #bh p] c5t4 ,! o!r    
gr\ps 7,miss\ri1 t is to say1 & ,m>yl& &
 ,k5tucky7 =m p>ts ( mu* l>g] gr\ps     
belong+ to ! ,nor!rn /ates4 ,! fir/ ( ^!
 latt]1 & t to :i* ,m>yl& & ,k5tucky are
 atta*$1 consi/s ( ,p5nsylvania1 ,new   
,york1 ,new ,j]sey1 & ,ohio4 ,its       
aggregate population is #aa1fdg1dgg1 (  
:om ! ,ca?olics are #b1bdj1jjj1 or      

n9ete5 p] c5t4 ,?is gr\p conta9s !      
anci5t e/abli%m5ts ( ,m>yl& &           
,p5nsylvania--good old ,ca?olic         
communities1 9 :i* ! zeal & piety ( !   
fai?ful possess t firm & decid$ "* :i*  
comes ( long practice & "t-honor$       
traditions4 ,x conta9s1 too1 !          
magnific5t sem9>y ( ,baltimore1 f\nd$ & 
/ill direct$ by ! ,sulpitians4 ,?is is !
 l>ge/ & mo/ complete #aa e/abli%m5t ( !
 k9d 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & d]ives f its  
connection ) ! ,sulpitian h\se 9 ,p>is  
special advantages = sup]9t5d+ !        
education ( "y ecclesia/ics1 & tra9+    
accompli%$ m9i/]s = ! sanctu>y4         
,k5tucky1 likewise1 has "s important &  
notewor?y in/itutions1 su* z ! sem9>y ( 
,/4 ,?omas & ! college ( ,/4 ,m>y1 bo? (
 :i* are 9 high repute at ! ,we/1 & !   
magnific5t ,abbey ( ,our ,lady ( ,la    
,trappe at ,new ,hav51 ) sixty-f\r      
religi\s1 eighte5 ( :om are *oir-monks4 
,! ,k5tucky ,ca?olics des]ve a few words
 ( special m5tion4 ,! desc5dants1 = !   
mo/ "p1 ( ! fir/ settl]s ( ,m>yl&1 :o   

scatt]$1 ab\t a c5tury ago1 9 ord] to p 
new c\ntries1 !y p>take 9 an em95t      
degree ( ! peculi> *>act]i/ics :i* h    
giv5 to ,k5tuckians a reputation z !    
fl[] ( ! ,am]ican p4 ,!y are m decid$ly 
,am]ican ?an ! ,ca?olics ( any o!r      
di/rict1 & !y are rem>kable = _!        
homog5e\sness1 _! education1 & _!       
atta*m5t to ! fai? & traditions ( !     
,*ur*4  ,! mo/ important & num]\s       
,ca?olic population is f\nd 9 ! /ate (  
,new ,york1 :]e ! fai?ful am\nt to no   
few] ?an #hjj1jjj4 ,!y h "h religi\s    
e/abli%m5ts ( e k9d4 ,?is condition (   
?+s is ! result1 9 great measure1 ( !   
well-kn[n ability ( ,ar*bi%op ,hughes1  
^: dea? has left a void :i* ! ,am]ican  
cl]gy w f9d x h>d to fill4 ,8 reputation
 0 n conf9$ to ! ,empire ,city4 ,he 0 z 
well kn[n all ov] ! ,union z at 8 own   
see1 & 0 ev]y:]e reg>d$ z "o ( ! great  
m5 ( ! c\ntry4 ,al?\gh ! progress ( !   
fai? 9 ,new ,york has be5 ow+ 9 a v     
great degree to immigration1 x is 9 ?is 
city & 9 ,bo/on t conv]sions h be5 mo/  

num]\s2 & 9 effect+ ^!1 ,ar*bi%op       
,hughes _h a mo/ important %>e4 ,x is n 
surpris+1 !n1 t 8 dea? %\ld h caus$ a   
pr(\nd s5sation 9 ! city1 & t all       
religi\s d5om9ations %\ld h unit$ 9     
te/ify+ respect = 8 memory4  ,x is      
difficult to apply a /ati/ical table to 
! /udy ( ! "q ( conv]sions4 ,^! are     
m5tal op]ations ( inf9ite v>iety1 bo? 9 
_! orig9 & 9 _! ways2 = ! me?ods (      
,provid5ce are z _m & z div]se z ! %ades
 ( human ?\ght ^u :i* !y act4 ,x may be 
rem>k$1 h[ev]1 t ! diff]5t ,prote/ant   
sects furni% v unequal cont+5ts to !    
little army ( s\ls daily return+ to !   
true fai?2 & x is a curi\s fact t ! two 
sects :i* furni% ! mo/ are !            
,episcopalians1 :o1 9 _! =ms &          
traditions1 approa* ne>e/ to ! ,ca?olic 
,*ur*1 & ! ,unit>ians1 :o g to ! v      
opposite extreme1 & appe> to pu% _!     
philosophical & rationali/ic pr9ciples  
almo/ beyond ! pale ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,^!  
two sects g5]ally comprise ! mo/        
enlight5$ & intellectual p ( ,nor?      

,am]ica4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! d5om9ations :i*
 embrace ! m ignorant portions ( !      
population 7su* z ! ,bapti/s1 !         
,wesleyan ,me?odi/s1 etc41 etc47 furni%1
 9 proportion to _! numb]s1 b few       
conv]ts4 ,! pr9cipal ,ca?olic review 9 !
 ,unit$ ,/ates 7,br[nson's ,review1     
publi%$ 9 ,new ,york7 is edit$ by a     
well-kn[n conv]t1 ^: "n x be>s1 & :o 0  
=m]ly a ,unit>ian m9i/]4  ,fur!r        
,nor?--9 ,new ,engl&--!re is ano!r      
,ca?olic gr\p1 ( rec5t orig91 =m$ ( !   
,puritan /ates ( ,connecticut1          
,massa*usetts1 & ,rhode ,isl&4 ,! fir/  
see "h 0 e/abli%$ by ,bi%op ,*ev]us only
 sixty ye>s ago4 ,^! bi%oprics1 h[ev]1 h
 already acquir$ importance2 = 9 !      
diocese ( ,h>t=d ! ,ca?olics are n[     
sixte5 p] c5t1 ( ! :ole population1 & ! 
rapidity ( _! increase & ! complet5ess (
 _! *ur* organization give u gr\nd =    
bright hopes ( _! future progress4      
,immigration #ab "h does mu* to promote 
conv]sions1 & x w n be extravagant to   
anticipate t 9 ! c\rse ( a few ye>s !   

numb] ( ! fai?ful w be d\bl$4 ,! ,pilot1
 ! mo/ important ,ca?olic j\rnal 9 !    
c\ntry1 is publi%$ 9 ,bo/on4  ,! f>     
,we/1 only a few ye>s ago1 0 a great    
wild]ness1 ) only a few ,fr5* po/s      
scatt]$ "h & !re 9 ! ,indian =e/1 l     
little isl&s 9 ! mid/ ( a great ocean4  
,n[ x is divid$ into sev]al /ates1 &    
c\nts millions ( inhabitants4 ,9 ?is    
rapid trans=mation1 ,ca?olicism has n   
rema9$ beh9d4 ,_m dioceses h be5        
e/abli%$1 & ! quickness ( _! gr[? has   
already plac$ ?is gr\p 9 ! second rank s
 f> z reg>ds num]ical importance1 :ile  
all goes to %[ t ,ca?olicism is de/9$ "h
 to prepond]ate greatly ov] all o!r     
d5om9ations4 ,! /ates ( ,miss\ri1       
,ill9ois1 ,mi*igan1 ,wiscons91 &        
,m9nesota conta9$1 9 #ahfj1 #d1ege1jjj  
s\ls1 ( :om #hij1jjj1 or #ai p] c5t41 7 
,ca?olics4 ,?is is z l>ge a proportion z
 we f9d 9 ! c5tral gr\p4 ,x is1 moreov]1
 rapidly ris+1 & only "o ?+ is necess>y 
to make ^! /ates be=e long ! pr9cipal   
seats ( ,ca?olicism 9 ! ,union--t is1 an

 adequate supply ( prie/s4 ,x is ( !    
utmo/ importance t ! dem& = mission>ies 
9 ^! diocese be suppli$ at :atev] co/4  
,! pr9cipal causes ( ?is rem>kable      
increase are1 fir/1 ! cr[ds ( immigrants
 attract$ by ! great ext5t ( f]tile l&  
?r[n op5 to settl]s2 &1 secondly1 ! fact
 t ! ,ca?olic immigrants on _! arrival  
clu/]$1 s to speak1 ar\nd ! old ,fr5*   
settlem5ts1 :]e ! mission>ies /ill      
ma9ta9$ ! discipl9e & wor%ip ( ! ,*ur*4 
,at fir/1 !re=e1 x 0 easy to direct ?is 
great influx ( p1 s9ce !y naturally t5d$
 t[>d ! pre-exi/+ c5tres ( fai?4 ,!     
consequ5ce 0 t ! ,*ur* lo/ by apo/acies 
few] memb]s ?an "o might h suppos$1 &   
few] ?an 7 lo/ 9 o!r places4 ,b n[ !    
daily augm5t+ cr[ds ( immigrants are    
disp]s+ !mselves ?r\gh less solit>y     
regions4 ,!y are com+ "u m direct &     
v>i\s influ5ces2 & h5ce ! necessity =   
increas+ ! numb] ( *ur*es & p>i% prie/s 
becomes daily m & m urg5t4 ,at ! same   
"t1 ! means at ! disposal ( ! bi%ops    
become daily less & less adequate =     

supply+ ?is want1 especially s9ce ! p ( 
! c\ntry1 new & unsettl$ z !y are1 &    
absorb$ 9 mat]ial c>es1 furni% b few    
c&idates = ! prie/hood4 ,"h we see a    
glori\s field = ! f>-rea*+ b5evol5ce ( !
 ,society = ! ,propagation ( ! ,fai?4   
,n[h]e1 we believe1 w ! s5d+ =? ( pi\s &
 devot$ prie/s produce fruits comp>able 
to ^? ( :i* ! pa/ gives promise to !    
future 9 ?is "p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,we  
spoke j n[ ( ! old ,fr5* colonies1 & our
 read]s w p]haps be surpris$ t we %\ld h
 made s mu* acc\nt ( ^? poor little     
villages1 :i* numb]$ h>dly m ?an f #ejj 
to #a1ejj s\ls ea* :5 ! ,yankees began  
to come into ! c\ntry4 ,nev]!less1 we h 
n exagg]at$ _! importance4 ,x is n only 
t !y s]v$ z c5tres & rally+-po9ts2 b s  
rapid is ! multiplication ( families 9  
,am]ica t ?is ,fr5* population :i*1 if  
br\ght toge!r 9 "o mass 9 #ahjj1 w\ld h 
c\nt$ at mo/ #ad1jjj s\ls1 n[ numb]s1   
includ+ bo? ! orig9al settlem5ts & !    
sw>ms ( emigrants :o h gone f !m to !   
,we/1 n few] ?an #hj1jjj4 ,_! desc5dants

 are always easily recogniz$4 ,detroit1 
& its neighborhood 9 ,mi*igan1 ,v9c5nes 
7,ind471 ,cahokia & ,kaskaskia 7,ill471 
,/4 ,l\is1 ,/4 ,g5evieve1 ,c>ondelet1   
etc4 7,mo471 ,gre5 ,bay & ,prairie du   
,*i5 7,wis471 ,/4 ,paul 7,m9n47--all ^! 
old settlem5ts h pres]v$ ! deep impr9t (
 our race4 ,ev5 9 ! new colonies :i* 7  
aft]w>d drawn f !m1 ! ,fr5* population h
 uni=mly kept up ! practice ( _!        
religion1 #ac ! use ( _! "m tongue1 & a 
lively recollection ( _! orig94 ,( ?is  
fact we h obta9$ pro( 9 sev]al in/ances 
f c>eful p]sonal obs]vation4 ,small &   
poor1 !re=e1 z ^! settlem5ts 71 !y _h a 
p[]ful moral influ5ce ^u ! great        
immigration ( ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,!      
,ca?olic immigrants felt drawn t[>d !m  
by ! attraction ( a community ( ?\ght & 
cu/oms2 & ,god1 ^: ,provid5ce rules our 
lives1 direct$ ! movem5t by 8 own       
inscrutable me?ods4  ,,iii4  ,:ile !    
,ca?olic elem5t 0 increas+ at ! rate (  
#hj1 #abe1 & #aji p] c5t1 e t5 ye>s1 o!r
 religi\s d5om9ations %[$ an increase ( 

only tw5ty or tw5ty-five p] c5t4 ,"s    
rema9$ /ation>y1 & a few ev5 lo/ gr\nd4 
,:5ce comes ?is cont9u$ & increas+      
disp>ity 9 ! developm5t ( diff]5t       
portions ( ! same p8 ,! pr9cipal reason 
assign$ = x is ! imm5se emigration f    
,irel& to ,am]ica4 ,z ! numb] (         
,ca?olics 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates :5 !        
emigration began 0 v small1 e sw>m (    
fre% settl]s add$ mu* m to _! ratio (   
increase ?an to t ( o!r d5om9ations4 ,t5
 add$ to t5 gives an increase ( #ajj p] 
c5t42 b ! same numb] add$ to #ajj gives 
only t5 p] c5t4 ,at fir/ sight1 ?is     
seems a suffici5t explanation2 b we %all
 f9d1 :5 we come to exam9e x1 t x does n
 really acc\nt = our increase4 ,if !    
gr[? ( ! ,am]ican ,ca?olic ,*ur* 7 !    
result :olly ( immigration1 we %\ld f9d 
t z ! numb] ( ,ca?olic inhabitants      
increas$1 ! app>5t effect ( ?is         
immigration w\ld be dim9i%$4 ,9 o!r     
words1 ! ratio ( increase w\ld gradually
 fall to an equality ) t ( o!r          
d5om9ations4 ,b1 s f> f ?is be+ ! case1 

! diff]5ce betwe5 our ratio ( increase &
 t ( ! ,prote/ant sects is z great z    
ev]--is ev5 gr[+ great]4 ,! ratio :i* 0 
t5 p] c5t4 a ye> betwe5 #ahcj & #ahdj1  
rose to #ab4ej p] c5t1 a ye> betwe5     
#ahdj & #ahej1 & 0 #aj4ji p] c5t1 betwe5
 #ahej & #ahfj4 ,!re are o!r causes1    
!re=e1 beside ,european emigration to   
:i* we mu/ look = an explanation (      
,ca?olic progress 9 ,am]ica4 ,if we /udy
 ) a little att5tion ! ext5t to :i*     
immigration has influ5c$ ! developm5t ( 
! :ole population ( ! c\ntry1 & ! exact 
proportion ( ! ,ca?olic "p ( ?is        
immigration1 we %all f9d confirmation ( 
! conclusions to :i* we h be5 l$ by !   
simple te/imony ( figures4 ,immigration 
has nev] furni%$ m ?an six or sev5 p]   
c5t4 ( ! dec5nial increase ( !          
population ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ! gr[? (  
:i* has be5 at ! rate ( ?irty-five p]   
c5t1 dur+ ! same p]iod4 ,immigration1   
!re=e1 contribut$ to x only "o-fif?4    
,aga91 ( ^! immigrants1 includ+ bo?     
,iri% & ,g]mans1 n m ?an "o-?ird h be5  

,ca?olics4 ,moreov]1 we mu/ take acc\nt 
( ! consid]able numb] ( memb]s t ! ,*ur*
 has lo/ 9 ! c\rse ( _! disp]sion all   
ov] ! c\ntry4  ,cle>ly1 !n1 ! influ5ce (
 immigration is n en\gh to acc\nt = !   
rapid progress ( ! fai?4 ,a c>eful      
analysis ( ! ,ca?olic population at     
diff]5t tunes1 & 9 diff]5t places1      
enables u to specify two o!r causes4    
#a4 ,! ,ca?olics are pr9cipally         
di/ribut$ at ! ,nor? among ! free /ates1
 :]e ! population increases mu* fa/] ?an
 x does at ! ,s\?2 & ! ,ca?olic         
families1 x has be5 obs]v$1 multiply mu*
 fa/] ?an ! o!rs1 9 consequ5ce1 no d\bt1
 ( _! m active & regul> habits ( life1  
su/a9$ morality1 respect = ! m>riage    
tie1 & reg>d = dome/ic obligations4 ,?is
 diff]5ce 9 fecundity is q p]ceptible   
:]ev] ! ,ca?olic elem5t #ad is /rong--z 
9 ,canada1 & ! /ates ( ,new ,york1      
,p5nsylvania1 ,ohio1 ,mi*igan1 ,ill9ois1
 ,wiscons91 etc41 &1 among ! ,s\!rn     
/ates1 9 ,l\isiana1 ,m>yl&1 & ,miss\ri4 
#b4 ,ano!r cause ( increase is !        

conv]sion ( ,prote/ants--a cause :i*    
op]ates sl[ly1 quietly1 &1 at fir/1     
imp]ceptibly1 b ) t con/ant & uni=m     
p[]--rem9d+ u ( ! great op]ations (     
nature--:i* is almo/ always ! sign ( a  
,provid5tial ag5cy4 ,eloqu5t !ori/s &   
brilliant writ]s on /ati/ics1 pref]r+   
sali5t facts & /rik+ ph5om5a--:at !y    
call ! great pr9ciples ( sci5ce--too (t5
 ov]look or despise ^? obscure movem5ts 
:i* act quietly ^u ! human consci5ce4   
,yet h[ mu* m p[]ful is ?is my/]i\s     
action--l ! cont9ual dropp+ ( wat]--?an 
! %[y effects :i* captivate s _m ?9k]s1 
^: organs ( p]ception seem dazzl$ by !  
gl[ ( _! imag9ation6 ,su* 0 ! nature ( !
 invisible op]ation :i* 0 inaugurat$ by 
! prea*+ ( ! m>tyrs ( ! fai? :om ! ,fr5*
 ,revolution ca/ =? l se$ all ov] ! _w4 
,! rules ( political economy _h no?+ to 
d ) x4 ,x act$ 9 ! secret *amb]s ( m5's 
he>ts & ! retirem5t ( _! m$itative      
mom5ts1 & x has gone on )\t int]ruption 
to ! pres5t mom5t1 increas+ ye> by ye>4 
,! ,*ur* seizes ^u ! convictions ( gr[n 

m52 rea*es ! "y by h] admirable sy/ems (
 education2 impresses all by h] liv+1   
p]suasive propag&ism1 made beautiful by 
! zeal & devotion & hol9ess ( h]        
mission>ies4 ,simple & dignifi$1 )\t !  
affectation ( dignity-- au/]e1 )\t      
fanaticism--_! pres5ce alone roots up   
old prejudices1 :ile _! prea*+ & example
 fill ! s\l ) new lights & ) anxieties  
:i* no?+ b _! in/ructions c set at re/4 
,?us1 :]ev] !y g1 ! ?\ghts & comp>isons 
:i* !y sugge/ multiply conv]sions all   
ar\nd !m4 ,y h only to "q a few ,ca?olic
 families 9 ! old] /ates ab\t _! e>ly   
religi\s hi/ory1 & y w see h[ important 
an elem5t 9 ! prosp]ity ( ! ,*ur* is ?is
 =ce ( attraction--s important1 t !     
foll[+ /atem5t may almo/ be tak5 z a    
g5]al law3 ,:]ev] a ,ca?olic prie/      
e/abli%es himself1 ?\gh !re be n a      
,ca?olic family 9 ! place1 x is almo/   
c]ta9 t by ! end ( a "t :i* v>ies f five
 to t5 ye>s1 he w be surr\nd$ by a      
,ca?olic community l>ge en\gh to =m a   
p>i% & support a cl]gyman4 ,?is rule    

seems to u to h no exception except 9 "s
 ( ! s\!rn /ates4 ,we h no hesitation 9 
/at+ x broadly ( ev5 ^? p>ts ( ,new     
,engl& 9 :i* ! anti-,ca?olic feel+ is n[
 /ronge/4  ,we %all pres5tly h occasion 
to %[ t ! only ?+ :i* prev5ts ! ,am]ican
 ,*ur* f increas+1 p]haps d\bl+1 !      
rapidity ( its progress1 is ! sc>city ( 
ecclesia/ics & mission>ies1 f :i* all ! 
dioceses are suff]+4  ,we h expla9$ !   
important "p :i* conv]ts h play$ 9 ?is  
progress4 ,! inquiry naturally arises3  
,:5ce come s _m conv]sions8 ,:at are !  
causes :i* g5]ally lead to !m8 ,^! are  
delicate & difficult que/ions4 ,we h no 
wi% to speak ill ( ! ,prote/ant cl]gy4  
,mo/ ( !m are c]ta9ly honorable m51     
e/imable husb&s & good fa!rs2 b we _c   
help obs]v+ t !y lack ! sac]dotal "* s  
conspicu\s 9 ! ,ca?olic prie/4 ,_!      
m9i/ry & _! tea*+ _c fully satisfy !    
s\l2 & :5ev] a calm & unprejudic$       
comp>ison is drawn betwe5 !m & !        
,ca?olic cl]gy1 x is /range if ! =m] d n
 suff] by ! contra/1 & behold _! flocks1

 little by little1 pass+ ov] to ! side (
 ! ,*ur*4 ,?is comp>ison is "o motive   
:i* (t5 leads ,prote/ants1 n precisely  
into #ae ! bosom ( ! fai?1 b to ! /udy (
 ,ca?olic doctr9e2 & ?is is a /ep by no 
means easy to p]suade !m to take2 =1 ( e
 t5 ,prote/ants :o hone/ly /udy ! fai?1 
sev5 or eight end by becom+ ,ca?olics4  
,! ,am]icans are a p ( a /rong religi\s 
b5t4 ,no?+ :i* conc]ns ! great "q (     
religion is indiff]5t to !m4 ,!y /udy & 
reflect ^u su* matt]s mu* m ?an we      
skeptical & critical ,fr5*m54 ,!        
conv]sions result+ f su* frequ5t        
consid]ation ( religi\s matt]s ought1   
!re=e1 to be f> m num]\s 9 ,am]ica1 &   
ev5 9 ,engl&1 ?an 9 o!r c\ntries4  ,!re 
are d\btless _m o!r causes :i*          
contribute to ! same result4 ,among !m  
are mix$ m>riages1 :i* g5]ally turn out 
to ! advantage ( ! ,*ur*1 especially 9 !
 case ( educat$ p 9 ! upp] ranks 9      
society4 ,n only are ! *ildr5 ( ^!      
m>riages br\ght up ,ca?olics1 b almo/   
always1 z exp]i5ce has %[n u1 !         

,prote/ant p>5t becomes a ,ca?olic too4 
,! excell5t h\ses ( education direct$ by
 religi\s ord]s are ano!r active cause (
 conv]sions4 ,if elem5t>y education is  
almo/ univ]sal 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 x is  
nev]!less true t ! high] in/itutions (  
le>n+ are exce$+ly defective4 ,!        
colleges & bo>d+-s*ools f\nd$ "u !      
direction ( ! ,ca?olic cl]gy1 ?\gh      
inf]ior to ^? ( ,france 9 ! ?or\ghness (
 ! education !y imp>t & ! am\nt ( /udy  
requir$ ( _! pupils1 are yet va/ly      
sup]ior to all o!r ,am]ican e/abli%m5ts 
9 _! me?od1 _! discipl9e1 & ! atta9m5ts 
( _! pr(essors4 ,! consequ5ce is t !y   
are resort$ to by numb]s ( ,prote/ant   
y\? ( bo? sexes4 ,no compulsion is us$  
to make !m ,ca?olics2 no undue influ5ce 
is ex]t$2 ! press1 free z x is1 r>ely   
f9ds excuse = compla9t on ?is score2 b  
facts & doctr9es speak = !mselves4 ,!   
good examples & affectionate solicitude 
:i* surr\nd ^! "y p1 & ! fri5d%ips !y   
contract1 leave a deep impression on _! 
m9ds1 & plant ! se$ ( s]i\s ?\ght1 :i*  

soon] or lat] be>s fruit4 ,v>i\s        
circum/ances may lead to ! f9al         
developm5t ( ?is se$4 ,n[ p]haps a fir/ 
great sorr[ wak5s x into life2 n[ x is  
quick5$ by new ideas born ( /udy &      
exp]i5ce2 9 "o case ! det]m9+ influ5ce  
may be a m>riage2 9 ano!r1 int]c\rse )  
,ca?olic society2 & n a few may be mov$ 
by ! falsity ( ! notions ( ,ca?olicism  
:i* !y f9d curr5t among ,prote/ants1 &  
:i* _! own exp]i5ce enables !m to       
detect4 ,?is motive op]ates (t5] ?an p  
suppose1 & g5]ally ) ^? :o at s*ool or  
college seem$ mo/ bitt]ly ho/ile to !   
fai?4 ,9 t9e1 ^? :o h be5 educat$ at    
,ca?olic in/itutions are less prejudic$ 
& bett] prep>$ = ! action ( div9e grace1
 :i* ,provid5ce may s5d ?r\gh any "o ( a
 ?\s& *annels4  ,& la/ly1 ,ca?olicism   
acts ^u ! ,am]icans ?r\gh ! m$ium ( !   
habits & cu/oms to :i* x gradually      
atta*es !m1 ! result ( :i* is t 9 ! gr[?
 ( ! population ! ,*ur* makes a con/ant1
 an ins5sible1 & :at we might call a    
spontane\s increase4 ,x is a well-kn[n  

fact t ! ,ca?olic families ( ,nor?      
,am]ica1 z a g5]al rule1 are di/+ui%$ by
 a "* ( /ability1 good ord]1 & mod]ation
 :i* is (t5 want+ 9 ! ,yankee race4 ,n[ 
?is turns to ! advantage ( ! ,*ur*2 = x 
is evid5t t a p :i* fixes itself        
p]man5tly :]e x has once settl$1 :i*    
conc5trates itself1 s to speak1 has a   
bett] *ance ( acquir+ a pr$om9ance 9 !  
long run ?an "o ( migratory habits1     
always 9 pursuit ( "s bett] /ate :i*    
always eludes x4 ,?is tru? is n[h]e m   
app>5t ?an 9 a c\nty ( ,upp] ,canada :]e
 we sp5t ne>ly ?ree ye>s4 ,! c\nty (    
,gl5g>ry 0 settl$ #af 9 #ahae by        
,scot*m51 "s ( :om 7 ,ca?olics4 ,!      
colony increas$ p>tly by ! natural      
multiplication ( ! settl]s1 p>tly by    
immigration1 until ab\t #ahdj1 :5       
immigration almo/ totally ceas$1 all !  
l&s be+ occupi$4 ,! population 0 !n left
 to gr[ by natural increase alone4 ,!   
,prote/ants at t "t 7 consid]ably 9 !   
majority2 b by #ahej ! proportions began
 to *ange1 & out ( #ag1egf inhabitants  

#h1hgj 7 ,ca?olics4 ,9 #ahfj ! majority 
0 completely rev]s$1 & 9 a population ( 
#ba1ahg !re 7 #aj1iai ,ca?olics2 9 o!r  
words1 ! latt]1 by ! regul> op]ation (  
natural causes1 _h ga9$ e ye> f "o to   
two p] c5t1 ^u ! :ole4 ,x w\ld n be easy
 to give a detail$ explanation ( ?is    
fact2 we are only consci\s t "s my/]i\s 
& irresi/ible ag5cy is gradually augm5t+
 ! proportion ( ! ,ca?olic elem5t 9     
,am]ican society & weak5+ ! ,prote/ant4 
,am]ican society might be comp>$ to a   
tr\bl$ expanse ( wat] hold+ v>i\s       
sub/ances 9 solution4 ,! solid bottom ^u
 :i* ! wat]s re/ is =m$ by ! deposit (  
^! sub/ances1 & day aft] day1 dur+ !    
mom5ts ( re/ :i* foll[ e agitation ( !  
waves1 m & m ( ! ,ca?olic elem5t is     
precipitat$ :i* ! wat]s br+ ) !m at ea* 
successive influx1 b fail to c>ry (f    
aga94 ,x is by ?is human alluvium t our 
religion gr[s & ext5ds itself2 & if ?is 
gr[? is wond]ful1 x may be t ! effect ( 
! infusion ( s mu* s\nd doctr9e into    
,am]ican society w prove equally a/oni%+

 & preci\s4  ,great /ress has (t5 be5   
laid ^u ! good qualities ( ! ,am]ican p1
 b comp>atively few h spok5 ( _! faults2
 n because !y _h none1 b because _!     
faults 7 lo/ sight ( 9 ! brilliancy ( _!
 mat]ial prosp]ity4 ,b rec5t ev5ts h l$ 
to m reflection ^u ?is po9t2 s x w n    
a/oni% our read]s if we po9t oat "o or  
two1 su* z ! decay ( ?\ghtful1          
sy/ematic1 me?odical intellig5ce among  
!m1 9 comp>ison ) ,europeans2 _!        
n>r[ness ( m9d2 _! inaptitude = g5]al   
ideas2 & _! s5sibly dim9i%+ delicacy (  
m9d4 ,^! defects %[ an unsuspect$ b     
s]i\s & rapid deg5]acy ( !              
,anglo-,am]ican race1 & ! decl9e has    
already p]haps gone fur!r ?an "o w\ld   
readily believe4 ,if ,ca?olicism1 :i*   
t5ds em95tly to develop a _s ( me?od &  
ord]1 broadness ( view & delicacy (     
s5tim5t1 %\ld combat successfully ^!    
fail+s1 x w\ld r5d] a signal s]vice to !
 ,unit$ ,/ates 9 return = ! lib]ty :i*  
!y h grant$ x4  ,b ,ca?olics1 we %\ld   
add1 are indebt$ to ! ,unit$ ,/ates =   

some?+ m ?an simple lib]ty4 ,!y h !re   
le>n$ to appreciate _! real p[]4 ,!y h  
le>n$ by exp]i5ce h[ little !y h to fe> 
f pure univ]sal lib]ty1 h[ mu* /r5g? &  
influ5ce !y c acquire 9 su* a /ate (    
society4 ,!re is ?is good & ?is evil 9  
lib]ty--t x always proves to ! advantage
 ( ! /rong2 s t :5 !re is "q ( !        
relations betwe5 man & man1 x mu/ be a  
well-regulat$ lib]ty1 or x w result 9 ! 
oppression ( ! weak4 ,b ! case is       
diff]5t :5 x comes to a "q ( discordant 
doctr9es3 man has ev]y?+ to ga9 by !    
triumph ( s\nd1 /rong pr9ciples & !     
de/ruction ( false & speci\s !ories4 ,9 
su* a conte/1 let b ea* side appe> 9 its
 true colors1 & we h no?+ to fe> = !    
cause ( tru?4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates w at lea/
 h _h ! m]it ( af=d+ an opportunity = a 
p[]ful demon/ration ( ! tru?2 & great z 
are ! advantages :i* ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* c 
conf] ^u ! c\ntry1 %e h]self w reap /ill
 great] advantages by conf]r+ !m2 = x w 
turn to h] b5efit 9 h] action ^u ! _w at
 l>ge4  ,9 fact1 ! exp]i5ce ( ! ,*ur*   

#ag 9 ,am]ica has d\btless gone = some?+
 9 ! famili>ity :i* religi\s m9ds are   
gradually acquir+ ) ! pr9ciples (       
political lib]ty2 & ?us ! gr[? (        
,am]ican ,ca?olicism is alli$ to !      
_w-wide reaction :i* is n[ tak+ place   
aft] ! religi\s eclipse ( ! la/ c5tury4 
,?is trans=mation ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 9  
tru?1 is only "o m>k$ incid5t 9 !       
intellectual revolution :i* is draw+ !  
:ole _w t[>d ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*--,engl& z 
well z ,am]ica1 ,g]many z well z ,engl&1
 ev5 ,bulg>ia 9 ! f> ,ea/4 ,! =eign     
press br+s u daily ! signs ( ?is        
progress2 & no?+ c be easi] ?an to po9t 
!m out 9 ,france "u our own eyes4 ,b    
un=tunately we h be5 too mu* 9 ! habit1 
= ! la/ c5tury1 ( lead+ a life (        
cont9ual mortification1 too consci\s t  
we 7 laugh$ at by ! lead]s ( public     
op9ion4 ,we crawl$ along 9 fe> &        
trembl+1 creep+ close to ! walls1 dread+
 at e /ep to give (f5ce1 or to cause    
sc&al1 or to lose "s ( our bre?r54      
,accu/om$ to see our ranks ?9n$ & :ole  

files c>ri$ (f 9 ! fl[] ( _! y\?1 we    
/ood 9 too great fe> ( ! deceitful p[] (
 doctr9es :i* seem$ to promise ev]y?+ to
 man & ask no?+ f him 9 return4 ,& !re=e
 _m ( u /ill f9d x h>d to und]/& ! new  
/ate ( ?+s 9 :i* we are mak+ progress   
)\t ext]nal help4 ,?is progress1 h[ev]1 
inaugurat$ by ! en]gy ( a few1 !        
p]sev]ance ( all1 & ! ov]rul+ h& ( div9e
 ,provid5ce1 is unque/ionably go+ on1 & 
may easily be prov$4 ,we h only to visit
 our *ur*es1 att5d "s ( ! special       
retreats = m51 or look at ! ,ea/]       
communions1 to see :at long /eps fai? & 
religi\s practice h tak5 )9 ! la/ =ty   
ye>s4 ,! *ange is mo/ p]ceptible among !
 educat$ classes & 9 ! le>n$ pr(essions4
 ,we h he>d old pr(essors express _!    
a/oni%m5t 9 comp>+ ! s*ools ( ! pres5t  
"t ) ^? ( _! y\?4 ,x 0 !n almo/         
impossible to f9d a "y man at ! ,ecole  
,polyte*nique1 at ,/4 ,cyr1 or at !     
,ecole ,c5trale1 ) en\gh fai? & en\gh   
c\rage op5ly to pr(ess 8 religion2 n[ x 
may be said t a fif? or p]haps a f\r? "p

 ( ! /ud5ts op5ly & unhesitat+ly p]=m _!
 ,ea/] duty4 ,we ourselves rememb] t no 
long] ago ?an #ahcj x requir$ a degree (
 c\rage ( :i* few 7 f\nd capable to     
manife/ any religi\s s5tim5t 9 ! public 
lyceums4 ,voltairianism--or to speak    
bett]1 an intol]ant fanaticism--delight$
 to cov] ^! fai?ful few ) public        
ridicule2 :ile n[1 if we may believe !  
be/ au?oriz$ acc\nts1 x is only a small 
m9ority :o op5ly pr(ess infidelity4 ,we 
c affirm t 9 ! ,s*ool ( ,law ! *ange is 
q z great1 & x has begun to op]ate ev5 9
 t "t-honor$ /ronghold ( mat]ialism1 !  
,s*ool ( ,m$ic9e4  ,b :at mu/ /rike u   
mo/ =cibly 9 ! exam9ation ( ^! que/ions 
is ! fact1 already po9t$ out by ! ,abbe 
,meignan1 t ! progress ( religion has   
kept ev5 pace ) ! ext5sion ( free       
in/itutions4 ,:]ev] ! lib]al regime has 
be5 e/abli%$1 ! reaction 9 favor (      
religion has become /rong]1 no d\bt     
because lib]ty places man face to face )
 ! consequ5ces ( 8 own acts & !         
necessities ( 8 feeble nature4 ,man is  

nev] s p[]fully impell$ to draw ne> to  
,god z :5 he becomes consci\s ( 8 own   
weakness2 nev] s deeply impress$ ) !    
empt9ess ( false doctr9es z :5 he has   
exp]i5c$ _! no?+ness 9 ! practical      
affairs ( life4 ,! viol5ce ( ext]nal    
disord] soon leads him to1 reflect ^u ! 
necessity ( solid1 me?odical1 moral     
education1 su* z regulates "o's life1 & 
su* z ! ,*ur* alone c imp>t4 ,& !re=e ! 
great *ange ( s5tim5t ( :i* we h spok5  
is p]ceptible *iefly among ! educat$ &  
lib]al classes1 :ile ) ! ignorant & #ah 
vulg> infidelity holds its own & is ev5 
ga9+4 ,! educat$ classes1 m ?\ghtful1   
kn[+ ! _w & hav+ exp]i5ce ( m51 see     
fur!r & calculate m calmly ! t5d5cy (   
ev5ts2 ) ! common p reason & pla9 s5se  
are (t5 ov]p[]$ by ! viol5ce ( _!       
temp]am5t & ! impetuosity ( _! passions4
 ,ignorance & inord9ate desires d ! re/1
 & !y imag9e t man w "k h[ to conduct   
)\t kn[+ h[ to gov]n himself4  ,:atev]  
demagogues may say1 hi/ory proves t !   
head always rules ! body4 ,! p]iod (    

disc\ragem5t & appreh5sion is pa/4 ,we  
%all yet1 no d\bt1 h to g ?r\gh trials1 
& viol5t crises1 & p]haps cruel         
p]secutions2 b we may hope ev]y?+ f !   
future4 ,& :y n8 ,if we /udy ! hi/ory ( 
! ,jewi% p1 we %all see h[ ,god *a/ises 
8 p 9 ord] to r\se !m f _! moral torpor1
 & raise !m up f app>5t ru9 by un=ese5  
means4 ,weakness1 9 8 h&1 at once       
becomes /r5g?2 he asks ( u no?+ b fai? &
 c\rage4 ,we h trac$ 8 ,provid5ce 9 !   
me?ods by :i* he has /imulat$ ! gr[? ( !
 ,am]ican ,*ur*--me?ods all ! m         
effectual because1 unlike our own va9   
ent]prises1 !y work$ = a long "t 9      
sil5ce & obscurity4 ,^! ,we/]n bi%oprics
 rema9$ almo/ unkn[n up to ! day :51 !  
light bur/+ =? all at once1 ! _w beheld 
a ,*ur* already organiz$1 already /rong1
 :]e x _h n suspect$ ev5 h] exi/5ce4    
,!re is a magnific5t & in/ructive sc5e 9
 ,a?alie1 :]e ! veil ( ! temple is r5t1 
& discloses to ! eyes ( ! t]rifi$ que51 
,joas1 :om %e _h believ$ dead1 /&+ 9 8  
glory surr\nd$ by an army4 ,ev5 s1 x    

seems to u1 0 ! ,am]ican ,*ur* sudd5ly  
reveal$ 9 all h] vigor to ! a/oni%$ _w1 
:5 h] bi%ops came two ye>s ago to take  
_! place 9 ! c\ncil at ,rome4 ,& ! same 
progress is mak+ all ov] ! globe4       
,noiseless & unobtrusive1 x attracts no 
att5tion f ! _w2 x is ov]look$ by       
,utopian !ori/s2 x goes on quietly 9 !  
doma9 ( consci5ce2 b ! day w come :5 its
 light w break =? & a/oni% mank9d by its
 brightness4 ,su* are ! ways ( ,god6    
,,note4--,! great] "p ( ! mat]ials = !  
prec$+ article 7 writt5 or collect$ dur+
 ! c\rse ( a j\rney :i* we made 9 !     
,unit$ ,/ates 9 #ahfj4 ,s9ce !n !       
progress ( ,ca?olicism has necess>ily   
be5 some:at *eck$ by ! ev5ts ( !        
lam5table civil w> :i* is desolat+ !    
c\ntry2 b ! *eck has be5 f> less s]i\s  
?an might h reasonably be5 appreh5d$4   
,religion has be5 kept ap>t f political 
diss5sions & public disord]s2 x has only
 _h to suff] ! common evils :i* w>1     
mortality1 & g5]al impov]i%m5t h        
inflict$ ^u ! :ole p4 ,if all ^! ?+s are

 to h any bad effect ^u ! progress ( !  
,*ur*1 x w be 9 future ye>s1 n n[4 ,9   
fact1 all ! docum5ts :i* we h be5 able  
to collect %[ t ! numb]s ( bo? ! fai?ful
 & ! cl]gy1 in/ead ( fall+ (f1 h gone on
 increas+4 ,9 ?irty-eight dioceses !re  
are n[ #bge m prie/s ?an !re 7 9 #ahfj2 
f ! five o!r sees1 namely1 ^? ( ,new    
,orleans1 ,galve/on1 ,mobile1           
,nat*ito*es1 & ,*>le/on1 we h no        
returns4 ,?is increase is conf9$ almo/  
entirely to ! regions 9 :i* ! ,*ur* 0   
already /ronge/2 else:]e matt]s h rema9$
 ab\t /ation>y4  ,( ?is numb] ( #bge    
prie/s add$ to ! ,*ur* 9 ! c\rse ( ?ree 
ye>s1 #bea belong to ! foll[+ f\rte5    
dioceses1 namely3 ,baltimore1           
,pittsburg1 ,c9c9nati1 ,clevel&1        
,brooklyn1 ,albany1 ,alton1 ,*icago1    
,milwaukee1 ,/4 ,paul1 ,detroit1 ,=t    
,wayne1 ,v9c5nes1 & ,h>t=d4 ,! la/-nam$ 
belongs to ! #ai ,nor!a/]n or ,new      
,engl& gr\p1 all ! o!rs to ! ,c5tral &  
,we/]n4 ,?us f\rte5 dioceses alone %[   
n9e-t5?s ( ! total increase1 & ! o!rs   

divide ! rema9+ t5? among !m 9 v m9ute  
fractions4 ,f "s /ates1 x is true1 !    
returns are v meagre1 & f o!rs !y are   
altoge!r want+2 b ! disproportion is s  
/rong z to leave no d\bt t ! future     
conque/s ( ! ,*ur* 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates w  
be ga9$1 z we h already said1 pr9cipally
 9 ! ,middle & ,we/]n ,/ates4  ,e4 ,r4  
----  ,f ,! ,mon?4  ,,! ,,anci5t ,,sa9ts
 ,,( ,,god4  ,a ,,fr5* ,,(fic]',s       
,,/ory4   ,,by ,,! ,,late ,,c>d9al      
,,wiseman4   ,,*apt] ,i4                
,,introduction4  ,we (t5 practically    
divide ! sa9ts into ?ree classes4 ,!    
anci5t sa9ts1 ^? ( ! primitive age (    
,*ri/ianity1 we consid] z ! patrons ( ! 
univ]sal ,*ur*1 wat*+ ov] its well-be+ &
 progress1 b1 except+ ,rome1 hav+ only a
 g5]al connection ) ! int]e/s ( p>ticul>
 c\ntries1 /ill less ( individuals4  ,! 
great sa9ts ( ! middle age1 belong+ to  
diff]5t races & c\ntries1 h naturally   
become _! patrons1 be+ m especially     
rev]5c$ & invok$ 9 ! places ( _! bir?s1 
_! lives1 & /ill m _! dea?s2 :5ce1 ,/4  

,willibrord1 ,/4 ,boniface1 & ,/4       
,walburga are m honor$ 9 ,g]many1 :]e !y
 di$1 ?an 9 ,engl&1 :]e !y 7 born4  ,!  
?ird class includes ! m mod]n sa9ts1 :o 
spoke our yet liv+ languages1 pr9t$ _!  
books1 foll[$ ! same sort ( life1 wore !
 same dress z we d1 liv$ 9 h\ses yet    
/&+1 f\nd$ in/itutions /ill fl\ri%+1    
rode 9 c>riages1 & 9 ano!r g5]ation w\ld
 h travel$ by railway4 ,su* are ,/4     
,*>les1 ,/4 ,ignatius1 ,/4 ,philip1 ,/4 
,t]esa1 ,/4 ,v9c5t1 ,b4 ,b5$ict ,joseph1
 & _m o!rs4 ,t[>d ^! we feel a p]sonal  
devotion indep5d5t ( c\ntry2 ne>ness (  
"t comp5sat+ = di/ance ( place4 ,!re is 
inde$ "o class ( sa9ts :o belong to e   
age & e c\ntry2 devotion t[>d :om1 f> f 
dim9i%+1 increases ! fur!r we rec$e f _!
 "t & ev5 _! l&4 ,= we are conv9c$ t a  
,*9ese conv]t has a m s5sitive & gl[+   
devotion t[>d our ,bless$ ,lady1 ?an a  
,jewi% neophyte _h 9 ! fir/ c5tury4 ,:5 
,i he> ?is gr[? ( piety d5\nc$ or       
reproa*$ by ,prote/ants1 ,i own ,i exult
 9 x4  ,= ! only "q1 & !re is none 9 a  

,ca?olic m9d1 is :e!r su* a feel+ is    
good 9 itself2 if s1 gr[? 9 x1 age by   
age1 is an imm5se bless+ & pro( ( !     
div9e pres5ce4 ,x is z if "o told me t  
!re is m humility n[ 9 ! ,*ur* ?an !re 0
 9 ! fir/ c5tury1 m zeal ?an 9 ! ?ird1 m
 fai? ?an 9 ! eigh?1 m *>ity ?an 9 !    
twelf?4 ,& s1 if !re is m devotion n[   
?an !re 0 #a1hjj ye>s ago t[>d !        
,immaculate ,"m ( ,god1 t[>d #bj h]     
sa9tly sp\se1 t[>d ,/4 ,john1 ,/4 ,pet]1
 & ! o!r ,apo/les1 ,i rejoice2 kn[+ t   
devotion t[>d our div9e ,"l1 8 infancy1 
8 passion1 8 sacr$ he>t1 8 adorable     
eu*>i/1 has n suff]$ loss or dim9ution1 
b has mu* increas$4 ,x ne$ n be1 & x is 
n1 z ,john ! ,bapti/ said1 ,he mu/      
increase1 & ,i dim9i%4 ,bo? "h increase 
toge!r2 ! ,"l1 & ^? :o be/ lov$ him4  ,b
 ?is is m ?an a subject ( joy3 x is "o (
 admiration & consolation4 ,= x is !    
natural c\rse ( ?+s t sympa?ies &       
affections %\ld gr[ less by "t4 ,we c>e 
& feel mu* less ab\t ! conque/s (       
,william ,i41 or ! pr[ess ( ! ,black    

,pr9ce1 ?an we d ab\t ! victories (     
,nelson or ,well+ton2 ev5 ,alfr$ is a   
my?ical p]son1 & ,boadicea fabul\s2 & s 
x is ) all nations4 ,a /eadily increas+ 
affection & int5sify+ devotion 7z 9 ?is 
case we call x7 = ^? remote f u1 9      
proportion z we rec$e f !m1 is z        
m>vell\s--nay1 z miracul\s--z w\ld be ! 
fl[+ ( a /ream f its s\rce up a /eep    
hill1 deep5+ & wid5+ z x rose4 ,& su* ,i
 consid] ?is gr[?1 ?r\gh succe$+ ages1 (
 dev\t feel+ t[>d ^? :o 7 ! root1 & seem
 to become ! cr[n1 or fl[]1 ( ! ,*ur*4  
,x is z if a beam f ! sun1 or a ray f a 
lamp1 grew bright] & w>m] 9 proportion z
 x d>t$ fur!r f its s\rce4  ,i _c b see 
9 ?is sup]natural disposition evid5ce ( 
a p[] rul+ f a high] sph]e ?an t (      
ord9>y provid5ce1 ! laws ( :i*1 uni=m   
else:]e1 are modifi$ or ev5 rev]s$ :5 ! 
disp5sations ( ! gospel require x2 or r1
 ^! h _! own prop] & ord9>y provid5ce1 !
 laws ( :i* are uni=m )9 its sy/em4 ,&  
?is is "o illu/ration1 t :at by e ord9>y
 & natural c\rse %\ld g on dim9i%+1 goes

 on increas+4 ,b ,i read 9 ?is fact an  
evid5ce also ( ! /ability & p]petuity ( 
our fai?2 = a l9e t is ev] gr[+ ?9n] &  
?9n] t5ds1 ?r\gh its ext5uation1 to     
inanition & total evanesc5ce2 :]eas "o t
 wid5s & ext5ds z x advances & becomes m
 solid1 !reby gives e>ne/ & pro( (      
increas+ duration4  ,:5 we are attack$  
ab\t practices1 devotions1 or coroll>ies
 ( fai?--developm5ts1 9 o!r words--d we 
n sometimes labor ne$lessly to prove t  
we g no fur!r ?an ! ,fa!rs did1 & t :at 
we d may be ju/ifi$ f anci5t au?orities8
 ,%\ld we n conf9e ourselves to %[+1 ev5
 ) ! help ( antiquity1 t :at is attack$ 
is good1 is s\nd1 & is holy2 & !n ?ank  
,god t we h s mu* m ( x ?an o!rs =m]ly  
possess$8 ,if x 0 "r to say ,ora pro    
nobis once 9 ! day1 is x n bett] to say 
x sev5 times a day2 & if s1 :y n sev5ty 
times sev58 ,! rule ( =giv5ess may well 
be ! rule ( seek+ int]cession = x4 ,b   
:i!r am ,i lead+ y1 g5tle read]8 ,i     
promis$ y a /ory1 & ,i am giv+ y a      
lecture1 & ,i fe> a dry "o4 ,i mu/      

retrace my /eps4 ,i wi%$1 !re=e1 m]ely  
to say t1 :ile ! sa9ts ( ! ,*ur* are v  
naturally divid$ by u into ?ree         
classes--holy patrons ( ! ,*ur*1 (      
p>ticul> portions ( x1 & ( its          
individual memb]s--!re is "o rais$ above
 all o!rs1 :i* passes ?r\gh all1 compos$
 ( protectors1 patrons1 & nom5clators1 (
 sa9ts !mselves4 ,= h[ _m ,m>ys1 h[ _m  
,josephs1 ,pet]s1 ,johns1 & ,pauls1 are 
!re n 9 ! cal5d> ( ! sa9ts1 call$ by ^? 
names )\t law ( c\ntry or age6  ,b      
beyond ?is g5]al recognition ( ! claims 
( our greate/ sa9ts1 "o _c b sometimes  
feel t ! classification :i* ,i h        
describ$ is c>ri$ by u too f>2 t a c]ta9
 human dross ent]s into ! composition ( 
our devotion2 we p]haps nationalize1 or 
ev5 individualize1 #ba ! sympa?ies ( ^? 
^: love is univ]sal1 l ,god's own1 9 :i*
 alone !y love4 ,we seem to fancy t ,/4 
,edw>d & ,/4 ,frideswida are /ill       
,engli%2 & "s p]sons appe> to h z /rong 
an objection to "o ( _! *ildr5 be>+ any 
b a ,saxon sa9t's "n z !y h to ,italian 

ar*itecture4 ,we may be q sure t ! p[] &
 int]e/ 9 ! :ole ,*ur* h n be5 curtail$ 
by ! admission ( o!rs l !mselves1 fir/  
,*ri/ians on e>?1 !n sa9ts 9 heav51 into
 _! bless$ society2 b t ! fri5ds ( ,god 
belong to u all1 & c & w help u1 if we  
invoke !m1 ) lov+ imp>tiality4 ,! little
 hi/ory :i* ,i am go+ to relate s]ves to
 illu/rate ?is view ( sa9tly            
int]cession2 x 0 told me by ! le>n$ &   
di/+ui%$ prelate :om ,i %all call       
,monsig4 ,b4 ,he has1 ,i h he>d1 s9ce   
publi%$ ! n>rative2 b ,i w give x z ,i  
he>d x f 8 lips4   ,,*apt] ,,ii4  ,,!   
,,fr5* ,,(fic]',s ,,fir/ ,,appe>ance4   
,on ! #cj? ( la/ mon?--,i am writ+ e>ly 
9 ,augu/--we all commemorat$ ! holy     
m>tyrs1 ,/s4 ,abdon & ,s5n54 ,?is 9     
itself is wor?y ( notice4 ,:y %\ld we 9 
,engl&1 :y %\ld !y 9 ,am]ica1 be s++ !  
praises ( two ,p]sians :o liv$ m ?an    
fifte5 hundr$ ye>s ago8 ,pla9ly because 
we are ,ca?olics1 & z su* 9 communion ) 
! sa9ts ( ,p]sia & ! m>tyrs ( ,decius4  
,yet x may be assum$ t ! p>ticul>       

devotion to ^! two ,ea/]n m>tyrs is ow+ 
to _! hav+ suff]$ 9 ,rome1 & s f\nd a   
place 9 ! cal5d> ( ! catacombs1 ! basis 
( lat] m>tyrologies4 ,probably aft] hav+
 be5 conceal$ 9 ! h\se ( ,quir9us !     
deacon1 _! bodies 7 buri$ 9 ! cemet]y or
 catacomb ( ,pontianus1 outside ! pres5t
 ,porta ,portese1 on ! nor!rn bank ( !  
,tib]4 ,9 t catacomb1 rem>kable =       
conta9+ ! primitive bapti/]y ( ! ,*ur*1 
!re yet rema9s a monum5t ( ^! sa9ts1    
m>k+ _! place ( sepulture4  ,footnote #e
 ,pa9t$ on ! wall is a floriat$ &       
jewell$ cross2 n a conv5tional "o su* z 
m$iaeval art introduc$1 b a pla9 cross1 
on ! surface ( :i* ! pa9t] imitat$      
natural jewels1 & f ! foot ( :i* gr[    
fl[]s ( natural =ms & hues2 on ea* side 
/&s a figure 9 ,p]sian dress & ,phrygian
 cap1 ) ! names respectively runn+ d[n 9
 lett]s "o bel[ ! o!r3  ,,sanctvs       
,,abdon3 ,,sanctvs ,,s5n54  ,! bodies   
are no long] !re4 ,!y 7 no d\bt remov$1 
z mo/ 71 9 ! eigh? c5tury1 to save !m f 
,s>ac5ic pr(anation1 & translat$ to !   

basilica ( ,/4 ,m>k 9 ,rome4 ,!re !y    
repose1 ) _m o!r m>tyrs no long]        
di/+ui%able2 s9ce ! anci5t usage 0      
lit]ally to bury ! bodies ( m>tyrs 9 a  
spaci\s crypt or *amb] "u ! alt>1 s z to
 v]ify ! apocalyptic description1 ,f "u 
! alt> ( ,god all ! sa9ts cry al\d4 ,?is
 practice has be5 admirably illu/rat$ by
 ! prelate to :om ,i h ref]r$1 9 a "w on
 ?is v crypt1 or1 9 ecclesia/ical       
language1 ,confession ( ,/4 ,m>k's4     
,footnote #e3  ,see ,fabiola1 pp4 #cfb1 
#cfc4  ,"o #cj? ( ,july1 soon aft] !    
siege ( ,rome 9 #ahdh1 ! *apt] ( ,/4    
,m>k's 7 s++ ! (fice & mass ( ^! ,p]sian
 m>tyrs1 z sa9ts ( _! *ur*4 ,mo/ p on   
week-days cont5t !mselves ) he>+ e>ly a 
l[ mass1 s t ! long] (fices ( !         
basilica1 especially ! second>y ones1   
are n mu* frequ5t$4 ,on ?is occasion1   
h[ev]1 a "y ,fr5* (fic] 0 notic$ by #bb 
! canons z assi/+ alone ) great         
recollection4  ,at ! close ( ! function1
 my in=mant w5t up to ! "y man1 & ent]$ 
into conv]sation ) him4  ,:at fea/ are y

 celebrat+ today8 ask$ ! (fic]4  ,t (   
,/s4 ,abdon & ,s5n51 answ]$ ,monsignor  
,b4  ,inde$6 h[ s+ul>6  ,:y8 ,h y any   
p>ticul> devotion to ^? sa9ts8  ,oh1    
yes2 !y are my patron sa9ts4 ,! ca!dral 
( my native t[n is d$icat$ to !m1 &     
possesses _! bodies4  ,y mu/ be mi/ak5  
!re3 _! holy relics repose b5ea? our    
alt>2 & we h to-day kept _! fea/        
solemnly on t acc\nt4  ,on ?is          
explanation ( ! prelate ! "y (fic] seem$
 a little disconc]t$1 & rem>k$ t at ,p--
 ev]ybody believ$ t ! sa9ts' relics 7 9 
! ca!dral4  ,! canon1 z he !n 01 ( ,/4  
,m>k's1 ?\gh n[ promot$ to ! patri>*al  
basilica ( ,/4 ,john1 expla9$ to him h[ 
?is might be1 inasmu* z any *ur*        
possess+ consid]able portions ( l>g]    
relics belong+ to a sa9t 0 entitl$ to ! 
privilege ( "o hold+ ! entire body1 & 0 
famili>ly spok5 ( z actually hav+ x2 &  
?is no d\bt 0 ! case at ,p--4  ,b1      
beside g5]al gr\nds = devotion to ^!    
patrons ( my native city1 ,i h a m      
p>ticul> & p]sonal "o2 = to _!          

int]position ,i believe ,i owe my life4 
,! gr\p ( li/5]s :o _h ga!r$ r\nd !     
(fic] 0 deeply int]e/$ 9 ?is /atem5t1 & 
reque/$ him to relate ! incid5t to :i*  
he allud$4 ,he readily compli$ ) _!     
reque/1 & ) ! utmo/ simplicity made !   
foll[+ brief recital4    ,,*apt] ,,iii4 
,,! ,,(fic]',s ,,n>rative4  ,dur+ ! late
 siege ( ,rome ,i happ5$ to be plac$ 9  
an advanc$ po/1 ) a small body (        
soldi]s1 among ! hillocks betwe5 our    
headqu>t]s 9 ! villa ,pamphily-,doria & 
! gate ( ,/4 ,pancratius4 ,! po/ 0 "o ( 
"s dang]1 z x 0 expos$ to ! sudd5 &     
unsp>+ sallies made by ! revolution>y   
g>rison on t side4 ,! brok5 gr\nd help$ 
to conceal u f ! m>ksm5 & ! artill]y on 
! walls4 ,h[ev]1 t day prov$ to be "o ( 
p>ticul> dang]4 ,)\t w>n+1 a sortie 0   
made 9 =ce1 ei!r m]ely 9 defiance or to 
ga9 possession ( "s advantage\s po/2 = y
 "k h[ ! *ur* & conv5t ( ,/4 ,pancratius
 0 assail$ by ! enemy1 & tak5 & retak5  
by u sev]al times 9 "o day4 ,! same     
happ5$ to ! villas ne> ! walls4 ,!re 0  

no "t giv5 u = speculation or           
reflection4 ,we f\nd ourselves at once 9
 pres5ce ( a v sup]ior =ce1 or r 9 !    
middle ( x2 = we 7 completely surr\nd$4 
,we f\ght our be/2 b escape seem$       
impossible4 ,my poor little picket 0    
soon cut to pieces1 & ,i f\nd myself /&+
 alone 9 ! mid/ ( our assailants1 def5d+
 myself z well z ,i c\ld aga9/ su*      
fe>ful odds4 ,at l5g? ,i felt ,i 0 come 
to ! la/ extremity1 & t 9 a few mom5ts  
,i %\ld be ly+ ) my brave companions4   
,e>ne/ly desir+ to h ! suffrages ( my   
holy patrons 9 t my la/ h\r1 ,i         
in/9ctively exclaim$1 ',/s4 ,abdon &    
,s5n51 pray = me6' ,:at !n happ5$ ,i _c 
tell4 ,:e!r a sudd5 panic /ruck my      
enemies1 or some?+ m important call$ (f 
_! att5tion1 or :at else to me          
inexplicable--occurr$1 ,i _c say2 all t 
,i "k is1 t someh[ or o!r ,i f\nd myself
 alone1 unw\nd$ #bc & unhurt1 ) my poor 
fell[s ly+ ab\t1 & no enemy ne>4  ,d y n
 ?9k t ,i h a "r to attribute ?is mo/   
wond]ful & o!rwise unacc\ntable escape  

to ! int]cession & protection ( ,/s4    
,abdon & ,s5n58  ,i ne$ sc>cely say t   
?is simple n>rative t\*$ & mov$ deeply  
all its he>]s4 ,no "o 0 dispos$ to      
diss5t f ! "y ,*ri/ian (fic]'s          
conclusion4   ,,*apt] ,,iv4  ,,!        
,,explanation4  ,x 0 natural t ^? good  
ecclesia/ics :o compos$ ! *apt] ( ,/4   
,m>k's %\ld feel an int]e/ 9 _! y\?ful  
acqua9tance4 ,8 hav+ accid5tally1 z x   
seem$1 b really provid5tially1 /roll$   
into _! *ur* at su* a "t1 ) s s+ul> a   
bond ( sympa?y ) its sacr$ (fices t day1
 necess>ily drew !m 9 k9dness t[>d him4 
,8 +5u\s piety & vivid fai? ga9$ _!     
he>ts4  ,9 ! conv]sation :i* foll[$1 x 0
 discov]$ t all 8 ta/es & feel+s l$ him 
to love & visit ! religi\s monum5ts (   
,rome2 b t he _h no guide or companion  
to make 8 w&]+s among !m z useful &     
agreeable z !y might be made4 ,x 0      
good-natur$ly & k9dly sugge/$ to him to 
come f "t to "t to ! *ur*1 :5 "s "o ( ! 
canons w\ld take him ) him on 8 v5tidue 
ore walk aft] vesp]s1 & act ! cic]one to

 him1 if !y %\ld visit "s int]e/+       
religi\s object4 ,?is (f] he readily    
accept$1 & ! intellig5t y\? & 8 rev]5d  
guides enjoy$ pleasant aft]noons toge!r4
 ,at la/ "o pleasant] ?an all occurr$1  
:5 9 company ) ,monsignor ,b4  ,_!      
ramble t ev5+ l$ !m out ( ! ,porta      
,portu5sis1 among ! hills ( ,monte      
,v]de1 betwe5 x & ! gate ( ,/4          
,pancratius-- p]haps = ! purpose (      
visit+ t int]e/+ basilica4 ,be x z x    
may1 sudd5ly1 :ile trav]s+ a v9ey>d1 !  
"y man /opp$4  ,"h1 he exclaim$1 on ?is 
v spot1 ,i 0 /&+ :5 my miracul\s        
deliv]ance took place4  ,are y sure8    
,q4 ,if ,i liv$ a hundr$ ye>s1 ,i c\ld  
nev] =get x4 ,x is ! v spot4  ,!n /&    
/ill a mom5t1 rejo9$ ! prelate2 we are v
 ne> ! entrance to ! cemet]y (          
,pontianus4 ,i wi% to measure ! di/ance4
  ,he did s by pac+ x4  ,n[1 he said1   
come d[n into ! catacomb1 & obs]ve !    
direction f :]e y /& to ! door4 ,! key 0
 soon procur$4  ,!y accord+ly w5t d[n1  
proce$$ z ne> z !y c\ld judge t[>d !    

po9t m>k$ ov]-head1 measur$ ! di/ance   
pac$ above1 & f\nd !mselves /&+ be=e !  
memorial ( ,/s4 ,abdon & ,s5n54  ,!re1  
said ! canon to 8 "y fri5d2 y did n "k  
t1 :5 y 7 invok+ y\r holy patrons1 y 7  
/&+ imm$iately ov] _! tomb4  ,! "y      
(fic]'s emotion may be bett] conceiv$   
?an describ$ on discov]+ ?is new &      
unexpect$ co9cid5ce 9 ! hi/ory ( 8      
successful application to ! int]cession 
( anci5t sa9ts4    ,,sancti ,,abdon ,,et
 ,,s5n51 ,,orate ,,pro ,,nobis4  ------ 
#bd  ,f ,! ,lamp4  ,a ,,pilgrimage ,,to 
,,ars4   ,i w5t to ,lyons = ! express   
purpose ( visit+ ! tomb ( ! ,cure (     
,ars2 = ,i knew ! village ( ,ars 0 n v  
f> f t city1 ?\gh ,i _h b a vague idea z
 to :]e x 0 situat$ or h[ x 0 to be     
rea*$4 ,i tru/$1 h[ev]1 to obta9+ all   
ne$ful in=mation f ! p at ! hotel :]e ,i
 0 to pass ! night2 & ,i 0 n mi/ak5 9 my
 expectations2 b ,i mu/ confess1 to my  
sorr[1 t ,i felt = a mom5t a v ,engli%  
sort ( %amefac$ness ab\t mak+ ! inquiry4
 ,put to ! wait] ( an ,engli% hotel1 su*

 a "q w\ld simply h produc$ a />e (     
a/oni%m5t or a smile ( pity4 ,a visit to
 ! tomb ( ! ,duke ( ,well+ton at ,/4    
,paul's1 or a desc5t into k+ly vaults = 
! wise purpose ( behold+ ,pr9ce ,alb]t's
 c(f91 ) its wrea?s ( fl[]s laid !re by 
royal & lov+ h&s ^! ?+s he w\ld h       
sympa?iz$ ) & und]/ood4 ,b a pilgrimage 
to ! la/ re/+-place ( a man :o1 ev5     
admitt+ he 7 at t mom5t a sa9t 9 heav51 
_h be5 b a simple p>i%-prie/ ^u e>?1    
w\ld h be5 a proce$+ utt]ly beyond 8    
capacity to compreh5d1 & he w\ld        
und\bt$ly h pron\nc$ x ei!r an act (    
insanity or "o ( sup]/ition1 or some?+  
p>tak+ ( ! nature ( ! two4 ,i =got1 = a 
mom5t1 t ,i 0 9 a ,ca?olic c\ntry1 &    
inquir$ my way to ,ars ) an uncom=table 
expectation ( a sne]+ answ] 9 return4   
,once1 h[ev]1 t ! "q 0 fairly put1 !re 0
 no?+ left = me b to be a%am$ ( my own  
misgiv+s4  ,madame wi%$ to visit ! tomb 
( ! sa9t$ ,cure8--mais oui4 ,x 0 !      
easie/ ?+ 9 ! _w4 ,only an h\r's railway
 f ,lyons to ,villefran*e2 & an omnibus 

at ! latt] /ation1 :i* _h be5 e/abli%$ =
 ! express purpose ( accommodat+ !      
pilgrims1 :o /ill flock$ to ,ars f e    
qu>t] ( ! ,ca?olic _w4  ,i li/5$1 & my  
way seem$ sudd5ly to become smoo? be=e  
me4 ,lat] on 9 ! ev5+1 ,i f\nd t !      
h\semaid ( ! hotel _h be5 !re (t52 & two
 or ?ree times at lea/ dur+ ! lifetime (
 ! ,cure4 ,i ask$ h] = :at purpose %e _h
 gone !re2 :e!r to be cur$ ( bodily     
ailm5ts or to consult him on spiritual  
matt]s8 ,= nei!r "o nor ! o!r1 %e       
answ]$1 ) great simplicity2 b %e _h _h a
 great grief1 & h] "m _h tak5 h] to him 
to be com=t$4 ,!re 0 some?+ to me       
s+ul>ly lovely 9 ?is answ]1 & 9 !       
insight :i* x gave me into ! nature ( t 
mission1 s human1 & yet s div9e1 :i* !  
,cure _h accompli%$ 9 8 lifetime4 ,god  
_h plac$ him !re1 l ano!r ,john !       
,bapti/1 to ann\nce p5ance to ! _w4 ,he 
prea*$ to ?\s&s--he conv]t$ ?\s&s--he   
p5etrat$ into ! hidd5 consci5ces (      
?\s&s1 & laid 8 f+]1 z if by intuition1 
^u ! hidd5 sore t kept ! s\l f ,god4    

,m51 great by weal? & /ation1 came to   
him & laid _! burd5 ( s9 & mis]y at 8   
feet4 ,m51 great] /ill by intellect1 &  
pr\d] & m difficult ( conv]sion 7z s9s (
 ! intellect ev] make m571 left 8       
pres5ce simple1 lov+1 & believ+ z little
 *ildr54 ,= ^! he _h lightn+ glances &  
words ( fire2 ^! by turns he reprim&$1  
exhort$1 & enc\rag$2 b :5 ! weak &      
sorr[ful ( ,god's flock came to him1 he 
paus$ 9 8 apo/olic task to weep ov] !m &
 console !m4 ,& s x 0 ) #be ,jesus4 ,!  
great & weal?y ( ! e>? came to him =    
relief1 & he nev] refus$ _! pray]s2 b h[
 _m in/ances d we f9d 9 ! gospel ( !    
gift ( heal? be/[$1 unask$ & unexpect$1 
^u "s poor w&]] by ! wayside1 or ! yet  
great] boon ( com=t giv5 to "s poor     
suff]+ he>t1 = no o!r reason t we "k (  
?an t x suff]$ & _h ne$ ( com=t6 ,!     
cripple by ! pool ( ,be?saida receiv$ 8 
cure at ! v mom5t :5 he 0 he>tsick )    
hope def]r$ at f9d+ no man to c>ry him  
d[n to ! wat]s2 & ! wid[ ( ,na9 f\nd h] 
son sudd5ly re/or$ to life because1 z ! 

gospel expressly tells u1 he 0 ! only   
son ( 8 "m1 & %e 0 a wid[4  ,! he>t ( ! 
,cure ( ,ars seems to h be5 only less   
t5d] ?an t ( 8 div9e ,ma/]2 & 9 ! mid/ (
 ! sublime occupation ( conv]t+ s\ls to 
,god1 he nev] disda9$ ! humble task (   
heal+ ! /rick5 _s1 & lead+ x to peace & 
joy4  ,my husb& di$ sudd5ly1 ! "y woman 
w5t on to say1 9 answ] to my fur!r      
que/ions2 & f afflu5ce ,i f\nd myself at
 once r$uc$ to pov]ty4 ,i 0 /unn$ by !  
bl[2 b my "m took me to ! cure2 & almo/ 
be=e he _h said a ^w1 ,i felt n only    
consol$1 b satisfi$ ) ! lot :i* ,god _h 
assign$ me4 ,& s inde$ %e mu/ h be54 ,:5
 ,i saw h]1 %e 0 /ill poor1 & e>n+ h]   
bread by ! wor/ ( all s]vitude1 ! daily 
& nightly s]vitude ( a cr[d$ inn2 b     
g5tle1 placid1 & smil+1 z became "o :o  
_h se5 & be5 com=t$ by a sa9t4 ,%e      
evid5tly felt t %e _h be5 p]mitt$ to    
approa* v ne> to ,god 9 ! p]son ( ,god's
 s]vant1 & e ^w %e utt]$ 0 s full ( love
 & confid5ce 9 ! sa9t$ cure t x increas$
 7if t 7 possible7 my desire to kneel at

 8 tomb1 s9ce ! happ9ess ( approa*+ 8   
liv+ p]son _h be5 d5i$ me4  ,! next     
morn+ ,i set (f = ,villefran*e4 ,x is on
 ! direct l9e to ,p>is1 & at ab\t an    
h\r's railroad j\rney f ,lyons4 ,:5 ,i  
rea*$ x1 ,i f\nd ?ree omnibuses wait+ at
 ! /ation1 & ,i believe !y 7 all !re = !
 sole purpose ( convey+ pilgrims to     
,ars4 ,"o ( ! conductors tri$ e mode (  
p]suasion--& !re are n a few 9 !        
vocabul>y ( a ,fr5*man--to inveigle me  
into 8 omnibus4 ,i %\ld be at ,ars 9    
half an h\r1 & c\ld return at two1 ?ree1
 f\r o'clock--9 %ort1 at any h\r ( !    
night or day t might please me be/4 ,x 0
 ) "s difficulty ,i resi/$ ! torr5t (   
eloqu5ce he p\r$ out ^u me2 b1 9 ! fir/ 
place1 ,i felt t he 0 promis+ :at he    
himself w\ld h call$ ! impossible1 s9ce 
a public conveyance mu/ necess>ily      
regulate its movem5ts by ! wi%es ( !    
majority ( its pass5g]s2 & 9 ! next1 ,i 
_h a v /rong desire to be alone 9 body z
 well z 9 m9d dur+ ! few h\rs t ,i 0 to 
sp5d at ,ars4  ,at la/ ,i f\nd an       

omnibus de/9$ solely = visitors to      
,villefran*e itself1 & ! conductor      
promis$ t he w\ld provide me a private  
c>riage to ,ars if ,i w\ld cons5t to    
drive fir/ to 8 hotel4 ,cab>et he might 
h call$ x ) p]fect tru?1 = cab>et x 01 &
 no?+ m--a regul> ,fr5* specim5 ( !     
article1 ) a great public kit*51 :]e    
half ! workm5 ( ! t[n assembl$ = _!     
meals1 & a small cupbo>d sort ( closet  
op5+ into x = ! accommodation ( m       
ari/ocratic gue/s4 ,into ?is1 bon gre1  
mal gre1 !y wi%$ to ?ru/ me1 b ,i       
viol5tly repell$ ! ?reat5$ honor1 & ) "s
 difficulty c>ry+ my po9t1 succe$$ 9 be+
 p]mitt$ to rema9 9 ! l>g] & cool] space
 ( ! op5 kit*5 until my promis$ vehicle 
%\ld appe>4 ,x came at la/1 a sort (    
half-cab1 half-gig1 )\t a hood1 b ) a   
curi\sly contriv$ h>ness ( loose ropes1 
& look+ altoge!r #bf dang]\sly likely to
 come to pieces on ! road4 ,luckily1 ,i 
am n naturally n]v\s 9 su* matt]s1 &1   
consol+ myself ) ! ?\ght t if we did get
 into grief ! bon cure 0 b\nd to come to

 my assi/ance1 see+ ,i _h incurr$ x     
solely = ! sake ( visit+ 8 tomb1 ,i 0   
soon settl$ z com=tably z circum/ances  
w\ld p]mit1 & we set (f at a brisk pace4
  ,! c\ntry ar\nd ,villefran*e is truly 
nei!r pretty nor picturesque2 & ?\gh we 
7 n really an h\r on ! road1 ! drive    
seem$ t$i\s4 ,our ,jehu also1 z x turn$ 
out1 _h nev] be5 at ,ars be=e2 s t he _h
 n only to /op m ?an once to inquire !  
way1 b actually contriv$ at ! v la/ to  
miss x4 ,he soon discov]$ ! mi/ake1     
h[ev]1 & retrac+ 8 /eps1 a v few m9utes 
br\ght u to ! spot :]e ! sa9t _h liv$   
=ty ye>s1 & :]e he n[ sleeps 9 dea?4 ,8 
h\se /&s beside ! *ur*1 b a little 9 !  
re>1 s x does n imm$iately cat* ! eye2 &
 ! *ur*1 :]e 8 real life 0 sp5t1 is     
sep>at$ f ! road by a small enclosure1  
rail$ (f1 & approa*$ by a few /eps4 ,we 
look$ ar\nd = "s p]son to conduct u1 b  
!re 0 no "o to be se52 s1 aft] a mom5t's
 hesitation1 we asc5d$ ! /eps & ent]$ ! 
*ur*4 ,if y wi% to "k :at k9d ( *ur* x  
is1 ,i _c tell y4 ,i d n "k1 9 fact1    

:e!r x is ,greek or ,go?ic1 or ( no     
p>ticul> ar*itecture at all2 ,i d n "k  
ev5 if x is 9 good ta/e or 9 bad ta/e4  
,! s\l 0 s fill$ ) a s5se ( ! pres5ce ( 
! dead sa9t t x left no room = ! out]   
s5se to take note ( ! accid5ts amid :i* 
he _h liv$4 ,!re are two or ?ree small  
*apels--a ,lady *apel1 "o d$icat$ to !  
,sacr$ ,he>t1 & ano!r to ,/4 ,john !    
,bapti/4 ,!re is also ! *apel ( ,/4     
,philom5a1 ) a l>ge lifelike image ( !  
bonne petite sa9te to :om he lov$ to    
attribute e miracle *>ity compell$ him  
to p]=m2 & !re is ! confessional1 :]e = 
=ty ye>s he work$ f> great] wond]s on ! 
s\l ?an any ( ! m obvi\s ones he        
accompli%$ on ! body4 ,all1 or mo/ (    
all1 ?is ,i saw 9 a vague sort ( way1 z 
"o :o saw n2 b ! :ole *ur* 0 fill$ ) su*
 an aroma ( hol9ess1 !re 0 su* a s5se ( 
! actual pres5ce ( ! man :o _h conv]t$ x
 into a v tab]nacle 9 ! wild]ness--a    
true ,holy ( ,holies1 :]e1 9 ! mid/ (   
infidel ,france1 ,god _h desc5d$ &      
conv]s$ almo/ visibly ) 8 p--t ,i _h    

nei!r ! w nor ! p[] to condesc5d to     
p>ticul>s1 & exam9e x 9 detail4  ,my "o 
?\ght z ,i ent]$ ! *ur* 01 to g & pray  
^u 8 tomb2 b 9 ! fir/ mom5t ( d\bt &    
confusion ,i c\ld n rememb]1 if inde$ ,i
 _h be5 told1 ! exact spot :]e he 0     
buri$4 ,! *apel ( ,/4 ,philom5a 0 ! fir/
 to attract my notice1 & feel+ t ,i c\ld
 n be f> wrong :ile keep+ close to 8 de>
 little patroness1 ,i knelt d[n !re to  
collect my ideas4  ,! /illness ( ! *ur* 
made itself felt4 ,!re 7 inde$ _m p]sons
 pray+ 9 x1 b !y pray$ 9 t pr(\nd sil5ce
 :i* spoke to ! he>t1 & p5etrat$ x 9 a  
way no words c\ld h ev] done4  ,i 0     
?ir/+1 h[ev]1 to approa* ! tomb ( !     
sa9t1 & at la/ v5tur$ to :isp] ! "q to a
 p]son ne> me4 ,%e po9t$ to a l>ge black
 slab ne>ly 9 ! c5tre ( ! *ur*1 & told  
me t he lay b5ea? x4 ,yes1 he 0 !re1 9 !
 v mid/ ( 8 p1 n f> f ! *apel ( ,/4     
,philom5a1 & opposite to ! alt> :5ce he 
_h s _m ?\s&s ( times di/ribut$ ! bread 
( life to ! fami%+ s\ls :o1 l !         
multitude ( old1 _h come into ! des]t1 &

 ne$$ to be f$ ere !y dep>t$ to _!      
homes4 ,yes1 he 0 !re2 & ) a /range m+l+
 ( joy & sorr[ 9 ! ?\ght ,i w5t & knelt 
d[n beside him4  #bg  ,_h ,i gone to    
,ars b a few ye>s be=e1 ,i might h f\nd 
him 9 8 liv+ p]son2 might h ?r[n myself 
at 8 feet1 & p\r$ out my :ole s\l be=e  
him4 ,n[ ,i knelt inde$ beside him1 b   
beside 8 body only1 & ! s\l t w\ld h    
address$ itself to m9e 0 f> away 9 !    
bosom ( its ,god4 ,humanly speak+1 !    
diff]5ce seem$ aga9/ me1 & yet1 9 a m   
spiritual po9t ( view1 x might p]haps be
 said to be 9 my favor4  ,! graces :i*  
he obta9$ = mortals "h he obta9$ by m   
?an mortal suff]+ & endurance--by te>s1 
by fa/+s1 & nightly & daily             
impetrations2--n[1 ) 8 head re/+1 l     
ano!r ,/4 ,john1 on ! bosom ( 8 div9e   
,"l1 surely he has b to wi% 9 ord] to   
draw d[n :ole f\nta9s ( love & t5d]ness 
on 8 weep+ flock bel[4 ,& c]ta9ly x w\ld
 seem s2 = h[ev] num]\s ! miracles      
accompli%$ 9 8 lifetime1 !y h be5       
multipli$ beyond all p[] ( calculation  

s9ce 8 dea?4  ,lat] on 9 ! day1 :5 !    
pres5t cure %[$ me a room ne>ly half    
full ( crut*es & o!r mem5tos ( cures    
wr\ght--,^! are only ! ones left !re    
dur+ 8 lifetime1 he obs]v$1 9 a tone :i*
 told at once h[ mu* m num]\s 7 ^? :i*  
cure _h made useless to _! own]s s9ce 8 
dea?4  ,i _h n be5 _m m9utes kneel+ be=e
 8 tomb1 :5 ! lady :o _h po9t$ x out to 
me ask$ if ,i w\ld l to see ! h\se :i*  
he _h inhabit$ 9 8 lifetime4 ,on my     
answ]+ gladly 9 ! affirmative1 %e made  
me foll[ h] ?r\gh a side-door & across a
 sort ( c\rt to ! h\se inhabit$ by !    
pres5t cure4 ,?is h\se _h nev] be5 !    
abode ( ,m4 ,vianney1 b _h be5 allott$  
to ! prie/s :o assi/$ him 9 8 missions4 
,! "o :i* he actually inhabit$ is n[ a  
sort ( sanctu>y1 :]e e relic &          
recollection ( him is c>efully pres]v$ =
 ! v5]ation ( ! fai?ful4 ,we 7 %[n into 
a sort ( salle a mang]1 suffici5tly poor
 to make u feel we 7 9 ! habitation ( m5
 br\ght up 9 ! s*ool ( a sa9t1 & almo/  
imm$iately aft]w>d ! pres5t cure ent]$4 

,he _h be5 = _m ye>s ! zeal\s assi/ant (
 ! late cure2 &1 9 try+ to give me an   
idea ( ! influx ( /rang]s into ,ars1 he 
told me t1 :ile ,m4 ,vianney sp5t       
habitually f fifte5 to sev5te5 h\rs 9 ! 
confessional1 he & 8 bro!r prie/ 7      
usually occupi$ at lea/ twelve h\rs out 
( ! tw5ty-f\r 9 a simil> mann]4 ,ev5 ?is
 0 probably b>ely suffici5t = ! wants ( 
! mission1 = ! numb] ( /rang]s :o came  
annually to ,ars dur+ ! latt] ye>s ( !  
cure's life 0 reckon$ at ab\t #hj1jjj1 &
 few1 if any1 ( ^! w5t away )\t hav+    
made a g5]al confession1 ei!r to ,m4    
,vianney himself1 or1 if t 7 n possible1
 to "o or o!r ( ! assi/+ cl]gy4  ,x 0   
pleasant to talk ) "o :o _h be5 liv+ 9  
con/ant communication ) a sa9t2 & ,i    
felt z if some?+ ( ! _s ( ,m4 ,vianney  
himself _h tak5 possession ( ! good &   
g5tle man ) :om ,i 0 conv]s+4 ,among o!r
 ?+s1 he told me t ! dev\t wi% ( ! sa9t 
_h ( late ye>s be5 ! erection ( a new   
*ur* to ,/4 ,philom5a2 & he gave me a   
fac-simile ( 8 h&writ+ 9 :i* he _h      

promis$ to pray especially = any "o aid+
 him 9 ! "w4 ,! sure/ way1 !re=e1 ,i    
%\ld imag9e1 to int]e/ him 9 our        
necessities--n[ t he is 9 heav5--w\ld be
 to aid 9 ! und]tak+ :i* he _h 9 m9d &  
he>t :ile yet dwell+ on e>?4 ,ev5 9 8   
lifetime !re _h be5 a lott]y got up =   
rais+ funds2 & z money is /ill com+ 9 f 
all qu>t]s1 8 wi% w d\btless soon be    
accompli%$4 ,i saw a v h&some alt> :i*  
has be5 already pres5t$1 & :i* has be5  
put aside 9 "o ( ! rooms ( ! cure until 
! *ur*1 = :i* x is #bh int5d$1 %all h   
be5 complet$4 ,m4 le cure %[$ me "o or  
two small photographs1 :i* _h be5 tak5  
)\t 8 k dur+ ! lifetime ( ! sa9t2 & also
 a little c>v$ image1 :i* he said 0 a   
wond]ful lik5ess1 & f> bett] ?an any ( !
 portraits4 ,aft]w>d he po9t$ out ano!r 
photograph1 z l>ge z life1 & susp5d$    
aga9/ ! wall1 :i* _h be5 procur$ aft]   
dea?4 ,x 0 calm & holy1 z ! face ( a    
sa9t 9 dea? %\ld be1 & ,i lik$ x /ill   
bett] 9 its placid peace ?an ! smile ( !
 liv+ photograph4 ,ev5 ! smile seem$ to 

tell ( te>s4 ,y "k t he :o smiles is    
/ill do+ battle--*e]fully & successfully
 inde$1 b /ill do+ battle ) ! enemies ( 
8 s\l2 :ile ! grave calmness ( ! dead   
face tells y at once t all is ov]--!    
fight is f\ght1 ! cr[n is won2 et]nity  
has set its seal on ! good works ( "t1 &
 all is safe = ev]4  ,i c\ld h look$ at 
t photograph a long "t1 & said my pray]s
 be=e x--x seem$ to repose 9 su* an     
atmosph]e ( sanctity & peace--b ! h\rs 7
 pass+ quickly1 & !re 0 /ill mu* to see 
& he> conc]n+ ! dead sa9t4 ,i took      
leave1 !re=e1 ( ! good prie/ :o _h be5  
my cic]one s f>1 & s\ght ! old          
h\sekeep]1 :o 0 9 read9ess to %[ me !   
h\se :]e ,m4 ,vianney _h liv$4 ,we      
cross$ a sort ( c\rt1 :i* l$ u to a door
 opposite ! *ur*4 ,:5 ?is 0 op5$1 ,i    
f\nd myself 9 a sort ( half-g>d51       
half-y>d1 9 ! c5tre ( :i* ! old h\se 0  
/&+4  ,x is h>d to put ^u pap] ! feel+s 
) :i* a spot ! habitation ( a sa9t j    
dead is visit$4 ,! _s ( love & *>ity &  
peace :i* animat$ ! liv+ man /ill seems 

brood+ ov] ! spot :]e 8 life 0 pass$1 & 
y feel int5sely t ! true beauty ( !     
,"l's h\se 0 "h1 & t ?is has be5 ! place
 :]e 8 glory ha? delight$ to dwell4 ,!  
fir/ room ,i ent]$ 0 "o 9 :i* ! crut*es 
left !re by invalids _h be5 deposit$4 ,x
 0 a sight to see4 ,! crut*es 7 pil$ z  
close z !y c\ld be aga9/ ! wall1 & yet !
 room 0 almo/ half full4 ,! p]sons :o   
us$ ^? crut*es mu/ h be5 c>ri$ hi!r1    
lame & suff]+1 & helpless z "y *ildr52 &
 !y walk$ away /rong m5 & cur$4 ,truly !
 lame walk & ! bl9d see2 & ! ,"l ha?    
visit$ 8 p 9 ! p]son ( 8 s]vant4  ,my   
next visit 0 made to ! salle a mang]1   
:]e ,m4 ,vianney _h always tak5 ! "o    
scanty meal :i* 0 8 sole support dur+ 8 
tw5ty-f\r h\rs ( almo/ unbrok5 labor4 ,x
 0 pov]ty 9 v de$--pov]ty pla91         
unv>ni%$1 & unadorn$--su* pov]ty z an   
,iri% cab9 might h rivall$1 b c\ld      
sc>cely h surpass$4 ,! walls 7 b>e &    
:itewa%$2 ! ro( 0 m]ely raft]$2 & !     
floor1 :i* _h once be5 pav$ ) l>ge r\nd 
/ones1 su* z are us$ = ! pavem5t ( a    

/reet1 0 brok5 "h & !re into deep holes 
by ! removal ( ! /ones4 ,dur+ 8 =ty     
ye>s' resid5ce at ,ars1 ,m4 ,vianney _h 
probably nev] sp5t a s+le s\ ^u any     
article :i* c\ld contribute to 8 own    
com=t or conv5i5ce2 & ?is room bore     
witness to ! fact4 ,h[1 inde$1 %\ld he  
buy any?+ = himself1 :o gave ev5 t :i* 0
 giv5 to him away1 until 8 be/ fri5ds   
grew well-nigh we>y ( be/[+ pres5ts1 :i*
 !y felt w\ld pass almo/ at ! same      
in/ant out ( 8 own possession into ! h&s
 ( any "o :om he fanci$ to be 9 great]  
want ( !m ?an he 08 ,i /ood 9 t b>e &   
desolate ap>tm5t1 & felt z if e>? &     
heav5 9 _! wide/ extremes1 _! mo/ />tl+ 
contra/s1 7 !re 9 type & reality be=e   
me4 ,all t e>? has ( poor & mis]able &  
unsightly 0 pres5t to ! eyes ( ! body2  
all t heav5 has ( bright #bi & beautiful
 & glori\s 0 j z pres5t1 j z visible1 to
 ! vision ( ! s\l4 ,x 0 ! v rev]se ( !  
fable ( ! fairy treasures1 :i* vani%    
into du/ :5 te/$ by reality4 ,all t y   
saw 0 du/ & a%es1 b du/ & a%es :i*1 tri$

 by ! t\*/one ( et]nity1 w\ld1 y knew1  
prove bright] ?an ! brighte/ gold1 fair]
 ?an ! faire/ silv] t e>? ev] yield$ to 
set 9 ! diadem ( h] k+s6 ,my reflections
 7 cut %ort by ! entrance ( "o ( !      
prie/s1 :o invit$ u to come up /airs &  
inspect ! ve/m5ts :i* _h belong$ to !   
late cure1 & :i* 7 kept1 ,i ?9k1 ap>t f 
^? 9 ord9>y use 9 ! *ur*4 ,!re 0 a great
 quantity ( !m1 & !y 7 all 9 curi\s     
contra/ ) ev]y?+ else we _h se5 belong+ 
to ,m4 ,vianney4 ,no?+ too good = ,god2 
no?+ too mean & mis]able = himself--t _h
 be5 ! motto ( 8 life2 & ! worm-eat5    
furniture ( ! d9+-room1 ! gold & velvet 
( ! embroid]$ ve/m5ts1 alike bore       
witness to ! fidelity ) :i* he _h act$  
on x4 ,! ve/m5ts 7 m ?an h&some--"s ( !m
 7 magnific5t4 ,"o set ,i rememb] 9     
p>ticul> :i* 0 v beautiful4 ,x _h be5   
giv51 ) canopy = ! bless$ sacram5t &    
bann]s = processions1 by ! pres5t       
,m>quis ,d',ars1 ! *ief ( t belov$      
family1 :o1 aft] ! dea? ( ,mdlle4       
,d',ars1 became ,m4 ,vianney's mo/      

effici5t aid 9 all 8 works ( *>ity4 ,!  
prie/ :o %[$ !m to u1 & :o _h also be5  
"o ( ! late cure's mission>ies1 told u t
 ,m4 ,vianney 0 absolutely en*ant$ ) joy
 :5 ! ve/m5ts arriv$1 & t he in/antly   
organiz$ an exp$ition to ,lyons 9 ord]  
to express 8 gratitude at ! alt> (      
,notre ,dame de ,f\rri]e4 ,! :ole p>i%  
att5d$ on ?is occasion4 ,!y w5t d[n !   
riv] 9 boats provid$ = ! purpose1 & )   
bann]s fly+ & music play+1 m>*$ 9 solemn
 procession ?r\gh ! /reets ( ,lyons1 &  
up ! /eep sides ( ,f\rri]e1 until !y    
rea*$ ! *ur* ( ,notre ,dame4 ,!re ! :ole
 multitude fell on _! knees1 & ,m4      
,vianney himself pray$1 no d\bt long &  
e>ne/ly1 be=e ! miracul\s image ( ,our  
,lady1 seek+ ?r\gh h] int]cession to    
obta9 "s especial favor = ! man :o1 out 
( 8 own abundance1 _h br\ght gifts (    
gold & silv] to ! alt> ( 8 ,god4  ,i    
ask$ ! prie/ = "s in=mation ab\t !      
gran>y :i* 0 said to h be5 miracul\sly  
fill$ ) corn4 ,he told me he _h be5 at  
,ars at ! "t1 & t !re c\ld be no d\bt t 

! gran>y _h be5 q empty ! night be=e4 ,x
 01 ,i ?9k1 a "t ( sc>city1 & ! gra9 _h 
be5 set aside = ! use ( ! poor4 ,m4     
,vianney w5t to b$ mis]able at ! failure
 ( 8 supplies2 b :5 he visit$ ! gran>y  
aga9 e>ly ! next morn+1 he f\nd x full4 
,x 0 at ! top ( 8 own h\se1 ,i believe1 
& 0 kept1 ( c\rse1 c>efully lock$4      
,nobody knew h[ x _h be5 fill$1 or by   
:om4 ,9 fact1 x seem$ absolutely        
impossible t any "o c\ld h c>t$ !       
quantity ( gra9 ne$$ = ! purpose & c>ri$
 x up /airs )\t be+ detect$ 9 ! act4 ,! 
prie/ made no comm5t on ! matt]2 inde$1 
he seem$ any?+ b incl9$ to enl>ge ^u x1 
?\gh he made no secret ( 8 own op9ion z 
to ! miracul\s nature ( ! occurr5ce4 ,z 
soon z he _h answ]$ my inquiries1 he l$ 
u to ! room :i* _h be5 ! holy cure's own
 p]sonal ap>tm5t4 ,x 01 z well z ,i c   
rememb]1 ! "o ov] ! d9+-room4 ,no apo/le
 ev] liv$ & di$ 9 an abode m entirely   
de/itute ( all human ri*es4 ,x 0 kept   
exactly 9 ! same /ate 9 :i* x _h be5    
dur+ 8 lifetime--a few poor-look+ books 

/ill on ! small book-%elf1 a wood5 table
 & a *air1 & ! little b$ 9 ! corn]1     
smoo!d & laid d[n1 z if only wait+ 8    
return f ! confessional = ! #cj few %ort
 h\rs he gave to slumb]--if1 inde$1 he  
did give !m2 = no "o ev] p5etrat$ into !
 my/]y ( ^? h\rs1 or knew h[ mu* ( ! "t 
set ap>t app>5tly = 8 own repose 0      
d$icat$ to ,god1 or employ$ 9 supplicat+
 ,god's m]cies on 8 creatures4  ,!      
hi/ory ( t room 0 ! hi/ory ( ! sa9t4 ,a 
book-%elf fill$ ) works ( piety &       
devotion2 a /ove1 left d\btless because 
x _h be5 orig9ally built into ! room1 b 
left )\t use or purpose 7= :o ev] he>d (
 8 indulg+ 9 a fire872 a table & a      
*air--t 0 all2 b x 0 en\gh1 & m ?an     
en\gh1 to fill ! m9d ) ?\ght1 & to cr[d 
all ! memories ( t holy life into ! few 
%ort mom5ts t ,i knelt !re4 ,h[ (t5 _h  
he come back to t poor ap>tm5t1 8 body  
exhau/$ by fa/+1 & cramp$ by long       
conf9em5t 9 ! confessional1 & 8 he>t    
/eep$ 7nay1 dr[n$1 z he himself mo/     
eloqu5tly express$ x7 9 bitt]ness &     

sorr[ by ! long hi/ories ( s9s to :i* he
 _h be5 compell$ to li/5--s9s committ$  
aga9/ t ,god :om he lov$ f> m t5d]ly ?an
 he lov$ himself6 ,h[ (t51 9 ! sil5ce & 
d>kness ( ! night1 has he p\r$ =? 8 s\l1
 n[ 9 t5d] commis]ation ov] ,jesus      
crucifi$ by %9]s1 n[ ov] ! s9n]s by :om 
,jesus _h be5 crucifi$6 ,h[ (t5 has he  
7p]haps7 call$ on ,god to remove him f a
 _w :]e ,god 0 s (f5d$2 & yet1 mov$ by !
 *>ity ( 8 t5d] human he>t1 has bes\ght1
 almo/ 9 ! same brea?1 = ! conv]sion (  
^? s9n]s ^: de$s he 0 deplor+--! cure ( 
_! diseases & ! removal or consolation (
 _! sorr[s6 ,l a "m :o1 f9d+ h] *ildr5  
at discord1 n[ prays to "o to p>don1 n[ 
to ano!r to submit & be reconcil$1 s 0 t
 lov+1 pity+ he>t ev] z x 7 9           
contradiction ) itself--weep+ /ill )    
,jesus1 & yet /ill plead+ = 8 foes4  ,! 
m]e action ( su* ?\ghts ^u ! human frame
 w\ld make cont9u$ life a m>vel2 b :5 to
 ?is long hi/ory ( m5tal woe we add !   
h>d%ips ( 8 mat]ial life--! fifte5 or   
sev5te5 h\rs pass$ 9 ! confessional1 9  

heat & cold1 9 w9t] z 9 summ]2 ! "o     
scanty meal tak5 at mid-day2 ! f\r h\rs 
( sleep1 robb$ (t5 & (t5 ( half _! numb]
 = ! sake ( quiet pray]--:5 we ?9k ( ^! 
?+s1 !re is surely m ( miracle 9 ?is    
life ( =ty ye>s' duration ?an 9 ! m]e   
fact t x won miracles at la/ f heav51 & 
t ,god1 see+ h[ fai?fully ?is 8 s]vant  
did 8 w "h on e>?1 compli$ 9 turn ) 81 &
 grant$ 8 desires4  ,no "o1 ,i ?9k1 c   
visit t spot1 or he> ! hi/ory ( t life1 
z x is told by ^? :o knew him z x 7 b   
ye/]day1 )\t an increase ( love1 an     
accession ( fai?1 a m vivid s5se ( !    
pres5ce ( ,god 9 ! mid/ ( 8 creatures1 &
 a m real compreh5sion ( ! ext5t & mean+
 ( ^? words1 ! communion ( sa9ts1 :i* e 
"o repeats 9 ! cre$1 & yet :i* few take 
suffici5tly to _! he>t ( he>ts to make x
 really a portion ( _! spiritual be+--a 
means ( work+ out _! own salvation by   
con/ant & lov+ communication ) ^? :o h  
atta9$ to x already4 ,?\s&s w seek !    
liv+ sa9t = ! eloqu5ce ( 8 words1 !     
sublimity1 ( 8 c\nsels1 ! unction ( 8   

consolations2 b1 once dep>t$ out ( ?is  
life1 :o visits him 9 8 tomb8 :o turns  
to him = aid8 :o lift _! eyes to heav51 
to ask = 8 assi/ance !nce1 ) ! same     
und\bt+ confid5ce ) :i* !y w\ld h s\ght 
x _h he be5 /ill 9 ! fle% beside !m8 ,9 
"o s5se ( ! ^w1 _m2 & yet few inde$     
comp>$ to ! numb] ( ^? to :om !         
communion ( sa9ts is an article ( fai?1 
or ought at lea/ to be s1 9 some?+ m ?an
 ! m]e s]vice ( ! lip4 ,x 0 amid "s su* 
#ca ?\ghts z ^! t ,i left ! t[n ( ,ars1 
griev$ inde$ t ,i _h n se5 ! holy cure 9
 8 lifetime1 & yet feel+ t1 if ,i _h b  
fai? en\gh1 ,i 0 9 reality r a ga9] ?an 
a los] by 8 dea?4 ,he :o w\ld h pray$ = 
me on e>? w\ld n[ pray = me 9 heav54 ,he
 :o w\ld h div$ into my consci5ce &     
br\ght its hidd5 s9s to light1 w\ld     
obta9 wisdom & grace = ano!r to put 8   
f+] on ! sore spot & give x heal+4 ,he  
:o w\ld p]haps h cur$ me ( my bodily    
infirmities1 c\ld d s 7if x 7 = ! good (
 my s\l7 n less effici5tly n[ t he 0    
re/+ on ! he>t ( 8 div9e ,"l4 ,god _h   

grant$ 8 pray]s :ile he 0 yet ^u e>?--a 
sa9t inde$1 & yet liable at any mom5t to
 fall into s9--w\ld he refuse to he> him
 n[ t he _h receiv$ him into 8 k+dom1 & 
s r5d]$ him = ev] incapable ( (f5d+8 ,i 
hop$ n1 ,i felt n2 & 9 ?is c]ta9ty ,i   
w5t on my way rejoic+1 feel+ t x 0 well 
= ?is s9ful _w t x _h yet "o m advocate 
at ! ?rone ( its future ,judge1 & well  
especially = ,france t1 9 ?is our       
n9ete5? c5tury1 %e _h giv5 a sa9t to    
,god :o w\ld h be5 ! glory ( ! fir/4 ,= 
truly ! arm ( ! ,"l is n %ort5$4 ,:at he
 has done be=e1 he c d aga92 &1 !re=e1  
we ne$ n wond] if ! miracles ( !        
,apo/les are /ill r5ew$ at ! tomb ( ?is 
simple & unlett]$1 prie/1 :o taught _!  
doctr9es = =ty ye>s 9 ! unkn[n & f>-(f  
village ( :i* ,provid5ce _h made him    
pa/or4  ------  ,f ,once ,a ,week4  ,,! 
,,?ree ,,wi%es4   ,! ,ea/]n orig9 ( ?is 
tale seems evid5t2 _h x be5 orig9ally   
compos$ 9 a ,nor!rn l&1 x is probable t 
! k+ w\ld h be5 repres5t$ z de?ron$ by  
means ( bribes obta9$ f 8 own treasury4 

,9 an ,ea/]n c\ntry ! /ory-tell] :o     
inv5t$ su* a j t]m9ation ( 8 n>rative   
w\ld1 mo/ likely1 h exp]i5c$ ! fate     
int5d$ = 8 h]o1 z a w>n+ to o!rs h[ !y  
sugge/$ su* treasonable ideas4 ,h]r     
,simrock1 h[ev]1 says x is a ,g]man     
tale2 b x may h _h its orig9 9 ! ,ea/ = 
all t4 ,no?+ is m difficult1 inde$1 ?an 
to trace a popul> tale to its s\rce4    
,c9d]ella1 = example1 belongs to ne>ly  
all nations2 ev5 among ! ,*9ese1 a p s  
diff]5t to all ,european nations1 !re is
 a popul> /ory :i* reads almo/ exactly l
 x4 ,"h is ! tale ( ! ,?ree ,wi%es4     
,!re 0 once a wise emp]or :o made a law 
t to e /rang] :o came to 8 c\rt a fri$  
fi% %\ld be s]v$4 ,! s]vants 7 direct$  
to take notice if1 :5 ! /rang] _h eat5 !
 fi% to ! bone on "o side1 he turn$ x   
ov] & began on ! o!r side4 ,if he did1  
he 0 to be imm$iately seiz$1 & on ! ?ird
 day !reaft] he 0 to be put to dea?4 ,b1
 by a great /ret* ( imp]ial clem5cy1 !  
culprit 0 p]mitt$ to utt] "o wi% ea*    
day1 :i* ! emp]or pl$g$ himself to      

grant1 provid$ x 0 n to sp>e 8 life4 ,_m
 _h already p]i%$ 9 consequ5ce ( ?is    
edict1 :51 "o day1 a c\nt & 8 "y son    
pres5t$ !mselves at c\rt4 ,! fi% 0 s]v$ 
z usual1 & :5 ! #cb c\nt _h remov$ all !
 fi% f "o side1 he turn$ x ov]1 & 0 ab\t
 to comm5ce on ! o!r1 :5 he 0 sudd5ly   
seiz$ & ?r[n into prison1 & 0 told ( 8  
approa*+ doom4 ,sorr[-/rick51 ! c\nt's  
"y son bes\ght ! emp]or to all[ him to  
die 9 ! room ( 8 fa!r2 a favor :i* !    
mon>* 0 pleas$ to accord him4 ,! c\nt 0 
accord+ly releas$ f prison1 & 8 son 0   
?r[n into 8 cell 9 8 /ead4 ,z soon z ?is
 _h be5 done1 ! "y man said to 8        
gaol]s--,y "k ,i h ! "r to make ?ree    
dem&s be=e ,i die2 g & tell ! emp]or to 
s5d me 8 daught]1 & a prie/ to m>ry u4  
,?is fir/ dem& 0 n mu* to ! emp]or's    
ta/e1 nev]!less he felt b\nd to keep 8  
^w1 & he !re=e compli$ ) ! reque/1 to   
:i* ! pr9cess _h no k9d ( objection4    
,?is occurr$ 9 ! times :5 k+s kept _!   
treasures 9 a cave1 or 9 a t[] set ap>t 
= ! purpose1 l ! ,emp]or ( ,morocco 9 ^!

 days2 & on ! second day ( 8 imprisonm5t
 ! "y man dem&$ ! k+'s treasures4 ,if 8 
fir/ dem& 0 a bold "o1 ! second 0 n less
 s2 /ill1 an emp]or's ^w is sacr$1 &    
hav+ made ! promise1 he 0 =c$ to keep x2
 & ! treasures ( gold & silv] & jewels 7
 plac$ at ! prison]'s disposal4 ,on     
gett+ possession ( !m1 he di/ribut$ !m  
pr(usely among ! c\rti]s1 & soon he _h  
made a ho/ ( fri5ds by 8 lib]ality4  ,! 
emp]or began n[ to feel exce$+ly        
uncom=table4 ,unable to sleep1 he rose  
e>ly on ! ?ird morn+ & w5t1 ) fe> 9 8   
he>t1 to ! prison to he> :at ! ?ird wi% 
0 to be4  ,n[1 said he to 8 prison]1    
tell me :at y\r ?ird dem& is1 t x may be
 grant$ at once1 & y may be hung out (  
h&1 = ,i am tir$ ( y\r dem&s4  ,sire1   
answ]$ 8 prison]1 ,i h b "o m favor to  
reque/ ( y\r maje/y1 :i*1 :5 y h grant$1
 ,i %all die cont5t4 ,x is m]ely t y w  
cause ! eyes ( ^? :o saw my fa!r turn ! 
fi% ov] to be put out4  ,v good1 repli$ 
! emp]or1 y\r dem& is b natural1 & spr+s
 f a good he>t4 ,let ! *amb]la9 be      

seiz$1 he cont9u$1 turn+ to 8 gu>ds4    
,i1 sire6 cri$ ! *amb]la92 ,i did n see 
any?+--x 0 ! /ew>d4  ,let ! /ew>d be    
seiz$1 !n1 said ! k+4  ,b ! /ew>d       
prote/$ ) te>s 9 8 eyes t he _h n       
witness$ any?+ ( :at _h be5 report$1 &  
said x 0 ! butl]4 ,! butl] decl>$ t he  
_h se5 no?+ ( ! matt]1 & t x mu/ h be5  
"o ( ! valets4 ,b !y prote/$ t !y 7     
utt]ly ignorant ( :at _h be5 *>g$ aga9/ 
! c\nt2 9 %ort1 x turn$ out t nobody    
c\ld be f\nd :o _h se5 ! c\nt commit !  
(f5ce1 ^u :i* ! pr9cess said3  ,i appeal
 to y1 my fa!r1 z to ano!r ,solomon4 ,if
 nobody saw ! (f5ce committ$1 ! c\nt _c 
be guilty1 & my husb& is innoc5t4  ,!   
emp]or fr[n$1 & =?) ! c\rti]s began to  
murmur2 !n he smil$1 & imm$iately _!    
visages became radiant4  ,let x be s1   
said 8 maje/y2 let him live1 ?\gh ,i h  
put _m a man to dea? = a light] (f5ce   
?an 84 ,b if he is n hung1 he is m>ri$4 
,ju/ice has be5 done4    #cc  ------  ,f
 ,! ,mon?4  ,,ex ,,humo4  ,,by ,,b>ry   
,,cornwall4     ,%\ld y dream ev] ( !   

days dep>t$--   ,( y\? & morn+1 no m to 
return--   ,=get n me1 s fond &         
passionate-he>t$2       ,quiet at la/1  
repos+       ,"u ! moss & f]n4    ,!re1 
:]e ! fretful lake 9 /ormy wea!r        
,comes circl+ r\nd ! r$d5+ *ur*y>d p9es1
   ,re/1 & call back ! h\rs we lo/      
toge!r1       ,talk+ ( hope1 & so>+     
,beyond poor e>?'s conf9es4    ,if1 = ^?
 heav5ly dreams too dimly sight$1   ,y  
became false--:y1 'tis a /ory old3   ,i1
 ov]come by pa91 & unrequit$1           
,fad$ at la/1 & slumb]       ,"u !      
autumn m\ld4    ,f>ewell1 f>ewell6 ,no  
long] plight$ lov]s1   ,doom$ = a day to
 sigh = sweet return3   ,"o lives1      
inde$2 "o he>t ! gre5 e>? cov]s--       
,quiet at la/1 repos+       ,"u ! moss &
 f]n4   ------  ,f ,! ,dubl9 ,review4   
,,! ,,*ri/ian ,,s*ools ,,( ,,alex&ria4  
,s4 ,clem5tis ,alex&r9i ,op]a ,omnia4   
,lutetiae4 #afbi4  ,ges*i*te d]         
,*ri/li*] ,philosophie1 von ,dr4 ,he9ri*
 ,ritt]4 ,hamburg3 ,p]!s4 #ahda4   ,if  
any c\ntry "u ! sun be>s ! spell (      

fasc9ation 9 its v "n1 t c\ntry is      
,egypt4 ,! l& ( ! ,nile & ! pyramids1 ( 
! ,ph>aohs & ! ,ptolemies--! l& :]e art 
& sci5ce _h my/]i\s beg9n+s be=e ! dawn 
( hi/ory1 :]e p[]ful dyna/ies held sway 
= long g5]ations ov] ! f]tile           
riv]-valley1 & built = !mselves mighty  
cities--,!bes1 ! hundr$-gat$1 ,memphis1 
) its palaces1 ,heliopolis1 ) its       
temples-- & left memorials ( !mselves t 
are attract+ m5 at ?is v day to ,luxor &
 ,c>nak1 to ! av5ue ( sphynxes & !      
pyramids-- ,egypt1 :]e le>n+      ,utt]$
 its oracles sublime     ,be=e !        
,olympiads1 9 ! dew     ,& dusk ( e>ly  
"t--  ! l& :]e1  #cd    ,nor?w>d f its  
,nubian spr+s1     ,! ,nile1 = ev] new &
 old1   ,among ! liv+ & ! dead     ,its 
mighty1 my/ic /ream has roll$--  ,egypt 
seems de/9$ to be associat$ ) all !     
signal ev5ts ( e age ( ! _w4 ,israel's  
go+ into & go+ out ( ,egypt is "o ( !   
epic pages ( ,holy ,scripture2          
,seso/ris1 ,k+ ( ,egypt1 left 8 "n      
writt5 ov] half ( ,asia2 ,alex&]1 !     

greate/ ( ! ,greeks1 laid 9 ,egypt !    
f\ndation ( a new empire2 ,cleopatra1 ! 
captive & ! captor ( ,julius ,caes> &   
,m>k ,antony1 kill$ h]self z ! old l&   
pass$ away = ev] f ! race ( ,ptolemy2   
,clem5t & ,orig51 ,porphyry & ,plot9us1 
h left ,egypt ! classic l& ( ! ,*ur*'s  
battle aga9/ ! pure/ =m ( hea!n         
philosophy2 ,/4 ,l\is ( ,france has made
 ,egypt ! sc5e ( a glori\s drama (      
h]oism & devotion2 ! pyramids h l5t _!  
"n to swell ! li/ ( ,napoleon's         
triumphs2 & ! ,nile is l9k$ = ev] ) !   
dea?less fame ( ,nelson4  ,9 ! la/      
decade ( ! second c5tury1 ab\t ! "t :5 !
 pagan virtues ( ,m>cus ,aurelius _h    
left ! ,roman empire to ! worse ?an     
pagan vices ( 8 son ,commodus1 ,egypt1  
to ! le>n$ & weal?y1 meant ,alex&ria4   
,:at ,tyre _h be5 9 ! "t ( ,solomon1 :at
 ,sidon 0 9 ! days ( :i* ,hom] wrote1 t 
0 ,alex&ria f ! reign ( ,ptolemy ,sot]  
to ! days ( ,mahomet4 ,9 ext]nal aspect 
x 0 9 e way wor?y to be> ! "n ( him :o  
drew its plans ) 8 own h&s4 ,its        

magnific5t d\ble h>bor1 ( :i* ! ,great  
,port _h a quay-side six miles 9 l5g?1 0
 ! common r5dezv\s = m]*ant %ips f e "p 
( ,syria1 ,greece1 ,italy1 & ,spa92 &   
its communications ) ! ,r$ ,sea & !     
,nile br\ght to ! w>eh\ses t ov]look$   
its quay ! ri*es ( ,arabia & ,india1 & !
 corn & flax ( ! c\ntry ( :i* x 0 !     
capital4 ,! mod]n travell]1 :o f9ds     
,alex&ria a prosp]\s comm]cial t[n1 ) an
 appe>ance half ,european1 half ,turki%1
 le>ns ) wond] t its #fj1jjj inhabitants
 f9d room on :at 0 little m ?an ! mole t
 divid$ ! ,great ,port f ! ,euno/os4 ,b 
x %\ld be borne 9 m9d t old ,alex&ria   
numb]$ #cjj1jjj free citiz5s4 ,!        
mosques1 ! w>eh\ses1 & ! private dwell+s
 ( ! pres5t t[n are built ( ! fragm5ts (
 ! gr& city ( ,alex&]4 ,! great conqu]or
 design$ to make ,alex&ria ! capital ( !
 _w4 ,he *ose a situation ! advantages (
 :i* a glance at ! map w %[2 & if any   
o!r pro( 7 ne$$1 x may be f\nd 9 ! fact 
t1 s9ce #ahja1 ! population ( ! mod]n   
t[n has increas$ at ! rate ( "o ?\s& a  

ye>4 ,he plann$ 8 city on su* va/       
proportions z might be look$ = f !      
conqu]or ( ,d>ius4 ,p>allel /reets      
cross$ o!r /reets1 & divid$ ! city into 
squ>e blocks4 ,"r ?r\gh its :ole l5g?1 f
 ,ea/ to ,we/--t is1 p>allel ) !        
sea-front--"o magnific5t /reet1 two     
hundr$ feet wide & f\r miles 9 l5g?1 ran
 f ! ,canopic gate to ! ,necropolis4 ,a 
simil> /reet1 %ort]1 b ( equal bread?1  
cross$ ?is at "r angles1 & came out ^u !
 great quay directly opposite ! mole t  
jo9$ ! city ) ! isl& ( ,ph>os4 ,?is 0 ! 
fam\s ,hepta/adion1 or ,/reet ( ! ,sev5 
,/adia1 & at its ,s\? end 0 ! ,sun-gate2
 at its ,nor?1 :]e x op5$ on ! h>bor1 ! 
gate ( ! ,moon4 ,to ! "r1 z y pass$     
?r\gh ! ,moon-gate on to ! broad quay1 0
 ! ex*ange1 :]e m]*ants f all l&s met   
ea* o!r1 9 sight ( ! :ite ,ph>os & !    
cr[d$ %ipp+ ( ! ,great ,port4 ,a little 
back f ! gate1 9 ! ,hepta/adion1 0 !    
,caes>eum1 or temple ( ! deifi$ ,caes>s1
 aft]w>d a ,*ri/ian *ur*4 ,ne> x 0 !    
,museum1 ! univ]sity ( ,alex&ria4 ,long 

m>ble colonnades connect$ ! #ce         
univ]sity ) ! palace & g>d5s ( !        
,ptolemies4 ,on ! opposite side ( !     
great /reet 0 ! ,s]apeion1 ! magnific5t 
temple ( ,s]apis1 ) its f\r hundr$      
columns1 ( :i* ,pompey's ,pill> is1     
p]haps1 all t is left4 ,& !n !re 0 !    
mausoleum ( ,alex&]1 !re 7 ! c\rts (    
ju/ice1 ! !atres1 ! ba?s1 ! temples1 !  
l9es ( %ops & h\ses--all on a scale (   
gr&eur & complet5ess :i* has nev] be5   
surpass$ by any city ( ! _w4 ,su* a city
 necess>ily attract$ m54 ,alex&ria 0    
fitly call$ ! _m-peopl$1 :e!r ! epi!t   
ref]r$ to ! actual numb] ( citiz5s or to
 ! v>ieties ( tongue1 complexion1 &     
co/ume t ?rong$ its /reets4 ,! ,greeks1 
! ,egyptians1 & ! ,jews1 ea* _h _!      
sep>ate qu>t]2 b !re 7 con/ant /reams ( 
=eign]s f ! remote ,india1 f ! l&s      
beyond ! black rocks t b\nd !           
,nile-valley1 & f ! ,e?iopic races to   
:i* ,/4 ,mat!w prea*$1 :]e ! ,r$ ,sea   
becomes ! ,indian ,ocean4 ,at ! "t we   
speak (1 ^! discordant elem5ts 7 held 9 

subjection by ! ,roman conqu]ors1 ^:    
legion>ies trod ! /reets ( ! voluptu\s  
city ) /]n & resolute /ep1 & 7 n )\t    
occasion1 (t5times1 = a display ( all ! 
/]nness & resolution :i* _! be>+ augur$4
  ,alex&ria1 h[ev]1 9 addition to ! busy
 life ( comm]ce & pleasure t w5t on     
among ,greeks1 ,egyptians1 ,jews1 &     
,africans1 0 ! home ( ano!r k9d ( life1 
/ill m int]e/+ to u4 ,ptolemy ,sot]1 :o 
c>ri$ out ,alex&]'s plans1 0 a man ( no 
common =esight & /r5g? ( "*4 ,he 0 n    
cont5t ) build+ a city4 ,he p]=m$1 9    
addition1 two exploits1 ei!r ( :i*1 f   
mod]n exp]i5ce1 we %\ld be incl9$ to    
consid] a title to immortality4 ,he     
inv5t$ a new god1 & e/abli%$ a          
univ]sity4 ,! god 0 ,s]apis1 :om he     
import$ f ,p]gamus1 & :o soon became    
popul>4 ,! univ]sity 0 ! ,museum1 9 :i* 
liv$ & taught ,demetrius ( ,phal]us1    
,euclid1 ,/ilpo ( ,meg>a1 ,philetas (   
,cos1 ,apelles ! pa9t]1 ,callima*us1    
,!ocritus1 ,erato/h5es1 ,apollonius     
,rhodius1 & a ho/ ( o!rs 9 philosophy1  

poetry1 geometry1 a/ronomy1 & ! arts4   
,"h1 "u successive ,ptolemies1 pr(essors
 lectur$ 9 spl5did halls1 amid honor$   
afflu5ce4 ,all t we h ( ! ,greek        
classics we owe to ! le>n$ m5 ( !       
,museum4 ,poetry bloom$ sweetly &       
luxuriantly 9 ! g>d5s ( ! ,ptolemies2   
?\gh1 x mu/ be confess$1 n vigor\sly1 n 
z on ,ionic coa/-l&s1 nor z 9 ! e>ne/   
life ( ,a!nian fre$om--save :5 "s       
,!ocritus appe>$1 ) 8 broad ,doric1 fre%
 f ! %eep-cov]$ d[ns ( ,sicily4 ,! "n ( 
,euclid sugge/s t geometry 0 c>$ = at ! 
,museum2 ,erato/h5es1 ) 8 volum9\s      
writ+s1 all ( :i* h p]i%$1 & 8 "o or two
 discov]ies1 :i* w nev] die1 may /& = ! 
type ( geography1 ! sci5ce = :i* he     
liv$2 & ,hipp>*us1 a/ronom] & inv5tor ( 
trigonometry1 may rem9d u h[ !y taught  
at ! ,museum t ! e>? 0 ! c5tre ( !      
univ]se1 & yet1 not)/&+1 c\ld =etell an 
eclipse almo/ z well z ! a/ronom] royal4
 ,9 philosophy1 ! univ]sity ( ,alex&ria 
has play$ a peculi> "p4 ,z long z !     
,ptolemies reign$ 9 ,egypt1 ! ,museum   

c\ld boa/ ( no philosophy save          
comm5t>ies on ,ari/otle & ,plato1       
consi/+1 9 great measure1 ( subtle      
obscurities to :i* ! d>ke/ quiddities ( 
! deepe/ s*ola/ic w\ld appe> to h be5   
light read+4 ,b :5 ! ,roman came 91 !re 
sprang up a s*ool ( ?\ght t has done m  
?an any o!r ?+ to h& d[n ! fame (       
,ptolemy's univ]sity to succe$+ ages4   
,alex&ria 0 ! bir?place (               
,neo-,platonism1 &1 :atev] we may ?9k ( 
! philosophy itself1 we mu/ all[ x has  
be/[$ fame on its alma #cf mat]4 ,at !  
dawn ( ! ,*ri/ian era1 ,philon ! ,jew 0 
already ransack+ ! great libr>y to      
collect matt] t %\ld enable him to prove
 a common orig9 = ! books ( ,plato & (  
,moses4 ,two hundr$ ye>s aft]w>d--t is1 
j at ! "t ( :i* we speak-- ,plot9us 0   
li/5+ to ,ammonius ,saccas 9 !          
lecture-hall ( ! ,museum1 & ?9k+ out !  
sy/em ( emanations1 abysms1 & dep?s (   
:i* he is ! fir/ & mo/ fam\s exp\nd]4   
,porphyry1 ! biograph] & en?usia/ic     
foll[] ( ,plot9us1 0 probably nev] at   

,alex&ria 9 p]son2 b 8 volum9\s writ+s  
did mu* to make ! ,neo-,platoni/ sy/em  
kn[n to ,a!ns & to ! cities ( ,italy4 ,9
 8 y\? he _h li/5$ to ! lectures (      
,orig51 & ?us 0 9 possession ( !        
traditions bo? ( ! ,*ri/ian & ! hea!n   
philosophy ( ,alex&ria4 ,b 8 ,*ri/ian   
/udies did n prev5t him f be+ ! au?or ( 
t fam\s book1 ,aga9/ ! ,*ri/ians1 :i*   
drew ^u him ! d5unciations ( ?irty-five 
,*ri/ian apologi/s1 includ+ su* *ampions
 z ,/4 ,j]ome & ,/4 ,augu/9e4 ,!        
,neo-,platoni/ s*ool culm9at$ & expir$ 9
 ,proclus1 ! "y prodigy ( ,alex&ria1 !  
ascetic tea*] ( ,a!ns1 ! inspir$        
dogmatiz]1 ! heir ( ,plato4 ,proclus di$
 9 #dhe1 & 8 *air at ,a!ns 0 fill$ by 8 
fooli% biograph] ,m>9us1 aft] :i*       
,neo-,platonism nev] lift$ up its head4 
,betwe5 ! "t :5 ,philon a/oni%$ !       
or?odox money-gett+ ,hebrews ( ! ,jews' 
qu>t] by 8 d>+ adoption ( ,plato's      
,logos1 & ! day :5 poor old ,proclus--8 
once h&some & /rong frame wa/$ by fa/+ &
 ,py?agorean au/]ities--di$1 a drivell+ 

old man1 9 sight ( ! groves ( ! ,academe
 & ! tomb ( ,plato1 n f> f :om he       
himself 0 to lie1 _m a busy g5]ation _h 
trodd5 ! halls ( ! ,museum ( ,alex&ria4 
,all t "t ! /rife ( words _h nev] ceas$1
 9 ! lecture-hall1 9 ! g>d5s ( ! dep>t$ 
,ptolemies1 r\nd ! banquet-table :]e !  
pr(essors 7 fea/$ at ! /ate's exp5se4   
,all t "t ! fame ( ,alex&ria _h ga!r$ to
 h] ,museum ! "y g5]ations t succe$$ ea*
 o!r 9 ! patrician homes & weal?y burghs
 ( ,syria1 ,greece1 & ,italy4 ,!y came 9
 cr[ds1 ) _! fa!rs' money 9 _! purses1  
to be made le>n$ by ^? ( ^: exploits    
report _h told s mu*4 ,"s came ) an     
e>ne/ purpose4 ,to ! "y m$ical /ud5t1 ! 
,alex&rian s*ool ( anatomy & !          
,alex&rian diploma 79 :atev] %ape x 0   
giv57--n to m5tion ! opportunity ( p]us+
 ! works ( ! immortal ,hippocrates 9 =ty
 sub/antial rolls ( papyrus--7 wor? all 
! exp5se ( a j\rney f ,rome or ,edessa4 
,to ! lawy]1 ! spl5did collections (    
laws1 f ^? ( ! ,p5tateu* to ^? (        
,zamolxis ! ,scy?ian1 7 treasures only  

to be f\nd 9 ! libr>y :]e ! zeal (      
,demetrius ,phal]ius & ! munific5ce (   
,ptolemy ,philadelphus _h plac$ !m4 ,b !
 va/ majority ( ! y\? :o flock$ to !    
,museum came ) no o!r purpose ?an ! v   
g5]al "o ( f9i%+ _! education & fitt+   
!mselves = ! _w4 ,) ^!1 ! agreeable arts
 ( poetry & polite lit]ature 7 9 f>     
great] reque/ ?an law1 m$ic9e1 a/ronomy1
 or geography4 ,if !y c\ld get a sight (
 ! popul> poet ( ! h\r 9 8 morn+        
m$itation "u ! plane-trees ( ! g>d5s1 or
 c\ld cru% into a place 9 ! !atre :5 he 
recit$ 8 new ,ode to ! ,empress's ,hair2
 or if !y att5d$ ! lecture ( ! mo/      
fa%ionable expon5t ( ! my?s ( ! ,iliad1 
& clapp$ him :5ev] he introduc$ an      
allusion to ! div9e ,plato1 x 0 consid]$
 a v fair morn+'s "w1 & might be fitly  
rew>d$ by a boat+ p>ty to ,canopus 9 !  
aft]noon1 or a revel f> into ! night 9  
any ( ^? ?\s& palaces ( vice #cg ) :i*  
luxuri\s ,alex&ria 0 s well provid$4 ,& 
yet !re is no d\bt t ! "y m5 c>ri$ away 
f _! univ]sity a c]ta9 education & a    

c]ta9 ref9em5t--an education :i*1 ?\gh x
 taught !m to reli% ! pleasures (       
intellect1 9 no wise dispos$ !m to =ego 
! enjoym5ts ( s5se2 & a ref9em5t :i*1   
:ile imp>t+ a graceful poli% to ! m9d1 0
 q compatible ) ! deepe/ moral          
depravity4 ,pagans z !y 71 !y 7 ! faire/
 portion ( ! :ole _w1 = intellect1 =    
manl9ess1 = g5]osity1 = wit1 = beauty & 
/r5g? ( m9d & body--natural gifts t1 l !
 sun & ! ra91 are be/[$ ^u j & unju/4   
,_! own int]c\rse ) ea* o!r taught !m f>
 m ?an ! speculations ( any ( !         
my?-hunt+ pr(essors ( ! ,museum4 ,!y    
cr[d$ 9 to he> !m1 !y *e]$ !m1 !y w\ld  
dispute & ev5 fight = a favorite !ory t 
no "o und]/ood1 ) ! d\btful exception ( 
its inv5tor4 ,b x 0 n to be suppos$ t !y
 really c>$ = abysms or my/ical         
ma!matics1 or t !y 7 n a great deal m   
zeal\s = supp]s1 & dr9k+ b\ts1 & boat+  
p>ties4 ,^! latt] employm5ts1 inde$1 may
 be said to h =m$ _! real education4    
,greek intellect1 ,greek ta/e1 wit1 &   
beauty1 9 ! sunnie/ h\r ( its bloom1    

m+l$ ) its l 9 ! gr&e/ city t1 p]haps1 !
 e>? has ev] se54 ,! v h>bors1 &        
temples1 & palaces 7 an education4 ,!   
fir/ r\nd+ ( ! ,ph>os--:5 ! six-mile    
semicircle ( granite quay & m>ble       
emporia bur/ on ! view1 ) ! ,egyptian   
sun fla%+ f :ite wall & blue sea1 &     
glanc+ & sp>kl+ amid/ ! d5se picturesque
 multitude t ro>$ & surg$ on !          
esplanade--disclos$ a sight to make !   
s\l gr[ l>g]4 ,! wond]ful city itself 0 
a tea*+3 ! assemblage ( all t 0 be/ &   
r>e/ 9 old ,egyptian art1 & all t 0     
fre%e/ & mo/ lovely 9 ! art ( ,greece1  
left no corn] ( a /reet )\t its lesson  
to ! eye4 ,indoors1 !re 0 ! ,museum1 )  
its miles ( corridors & gall]ies1 fill$ 
) pa9t+s & sculptures2 outside1 !       
,s]apeion1 ! ,caes>eum1 ! ex*ange1 !    
palace1 ! univ]sity itself1 ea* a m     
effective in/ructor ?an a ye>'s c\rse 9 
! s*ools4 ,& aft] all ?is came ! libr>y1
 ) its #gjj1jjj volumes6  ,9 ! ye> ( our
 ,"l #aha1 %ips fill$ ! ,great ,port1   
m]*ants congregat$ 9 ! ex*ange1 sailors 

& port]s ?rong$ ! quays2 cr[ds ( ri* &  
poor1 high & l[1 flock$ ?r\gh ! /reets2 
y\?s p\r$ 9 to li/5 to ,ammonius        
,saccas1 & p\r$ out aga9 to riot & s92  
philosoph]s talk$1 ,jews made money1    
fa%ionable m5 took _! pleasure1 slaves  
toil$1 citiz5s b\ght & sold & made      
m>riages2 all ! =ms ( busy life t _h _! 
exi/5ce )9 ! circuit ( ! _m-peopl$ city 
7 noisily work+ !mselves out4 ,9 ! same 
ye>1 ,panta5us became ! head ( !        
cate*etical s*ool ( ! patri>*al ,*ur* ( 
,alex&ria4  ,x 0 ! "t :5 ^? :o _h liv$ &
 walk$ ) ! ,apo/les _h pass$ away1 & :5 
! ?ird g5]ation ( ! ,*ur*'s rul]s 0     
already gr[+ old4 ,/4 ,ir5aeus 0 ne> 8  
glori\s end2 ,/4 ,eleu!rius1 ( memory   
de> to ,brita91 _h j clos$ 8 pontificate
 by m>tyrdom1 & ,/4 ,victor sat 9 8     
place4 ,! e*oes ( ! voice ( ,pet] _h    
h>dly di$ out 9 ,rome & ,antio*2 !      
traditions ( ,paul's bodily pres5ce 7   
yet liv+ 9 ,asia1 9 ,greece1 & ! ,isl&s2
 & ! sweet odor ( ,john's life /ill hung
 ab\t ! places :]e 8 soj\rn+ _h be53 _m 

a *ur* ( ,greece & ,egypt & ( ! f> ,ea/ 
_h ! sepul*re ( its f\nd]1 an ,apo/le or
 an apo/olic man1 r\nd :i* to pray4 ,x 0
 ! age ( ! p]secutions1 & ! age ( !     
apologies4 ,9 e #ch city t 0 com+ ab\t  
:i* f ! fir/ _h be5 inevitable4 ,! ,*ur*
 0 lay+ hold ( human le>n+1 & sett+ x to
 d h] own "w4 ,9 fix+ ^u ,alex&ria z !  
spot :]e1 at ?is p]iod1 ! conte/ betwe5 
,*ri/ian sci5ce & ,g5tile le>n+1 ,g5tile
 ignorance & ,g5tile brute =ce1 0 mo/   
int]e/+ & mo/ develop$1 we mu/ pass by  
_m o!r ,*ur*es1 n 9 =getfulness1 ?\gh 9 
sil5ce4 ,we mu/ pass by ,rome1 ! capital
 ( ! _w1 n because !re 7 n le>n$ m5 !re 
:om ,jesus ,*ri/ _h rais$ up to battle )
 hea!n philosophy2 = x 0 b a few ye>s   
s9ce ,ju/9 ,m>tyr _h %$ 8 blood = !     
fai?1 & ,apollonius f 8 place 9 ! s5ate 
_h spok5 8 apology = 8 fell[ ,*ri/ians4 
,b ! enemies :i* ! ,gospel _h to meet at
 ,rome 7 n s mu* ! le>n+ & sci5ce ( !   
hea!n z 8 evil passions & vici\s life2 &
 ! sword ( p]secution1 at ,rome h>dly   
ev] %ea!d1 kept d[n all attempts at     

regul>ity or organization 9 public      
tea*+4 ,we mu/ pass by ,a!ns1 /ill !    
intellectual capital ( ! _w1 n because  
!re 7 n at ,a!ns also wor?y doctors ( ! 
wisdom ( ! cross--witness1 to ! contr>y1
 ,a!nagoras1 ! ,*ri/ian philosoph]1 :o  
pres5t$ 8 apology to ,m>cus ,aurelius4  
,b ,a!ns1 ?\gh at ! end ( ! second      
c5tury & long aft]w>d %e 0 ! "m (       
orators1 poets1 & philosoph]s1 seems to 
h be5 too ?or\ghly /eep$ 9 ! s5su\s     
idolatry ( ,greece to h h>bor$ a s*ool (
 ,*ri/ianity by ! side ( ! ,por* & !    
,lyceum4 ,if ! same 0 true ( ,a!ns !n z 
a c5tury aft]w>d1 h] smoo?-tongu$1      
babbl+ sophi/s1 & h] pagan *>ms1 mu/ h  
_h to answ] = ! s\l ( _m a poor ,*ri/ian
 y\? t w5t to seek le>n+ & f\nd         
p]dition4 ,we pass by ,c>?age1 9 spite (
 ,t]tullian's great "n2 ,antio*1 not)/&+
 ,!ophilus1 ^: labors aga9/ ! hea!n /ill
 bore fruit2 ,s>dis1 9 spite ( ,melito1 
!n j dead1 b liv+ /ill 9 m5's m\?s by ! 
fame ( 8 le>n+1 eloqu5ce1 & miracles2 & 
,hi]apolis1 9 spite ( ,apoll9>is1 :o1 l 

s _m o!rs1 approa*$ ! emp]or himself )  
an apology4 ,all ov] ! ,*ur* !re 7 m5   
rais$ up by ,god1 & fitt$ ) le>n+ to    
confront le>n+1 pati5ce to in/ruct      
ignorance1 & unfl9*+ =titude to endure  
p]secution--m5 9 e way wor?y to be !    
in/rum5ts ( t great *ange :i* 0 be+     
wr\ght out ?r\gh ! wide _w ( ! ,roman   
empire4  ,b at ,alex&ria1 ! s*ool (     
,*ri/ianity exi/$ "u int]e/+ & peculi>  
conditions4 ,/4 ,m>k _h l&$ on ! granite
 quay ( ! ,great ,port ) ,pet]'s        
commission2 he _h be5 m>tyr$1 & 8       
successors _h be5 m>tyr$ aft] him2 & = a
 long "t ,*ri/ianity "h1 z ev]y:]e else1
 _h be5 contemptu\sly ignor$4 ,x spread1
 h[ev]1 z we "k4 ,9 "t1 m ?an "o /ud5t1 
be=e he att5d$ 8 lecture 9 ! spl5did    
halls ( ! ,museum1 _h giv5 e> to a f>   
diff]5t lesson 9 a diff]5t s*ool4 ,!    
,*ri/ian cate*etical s*ool ( ,alex&ria  
is said to h be5 f\nd$ by ,/4 ,m>k      
himself4 ,if s1 x is only :at we might  
naturally expect2 = :]ev] hea!ns 7 be+  
conv]t$1 !re a s*ool ( tea*]s _h to be  

provid$ = _! in/ruction2 & we read (    
simil> in/itutions at ,j]usalem1 at     
,antio*1 & at ,rome4 ,b ! cate*etical   
s*ool ( ,alex&ria soon assum$ an        
importance t no o!r s*ool ( ^? times ev]
 atta9$4 ,:e!r x 0 t ! influ5ce ( !     
univ]sity gave an impetus to regul> &   
me?odical tea*+1 or t ! conv]ts 9       
,alex&ria 7 9 great measure f a         
cultivat$ & intellectual class1 x appe>s
 to h be5 f\nd necess>y f ! e>lie/ times
 to h an effici5t s*ool1 ) a man ( vigor
 & intellect at its head1 capable (     
ma9ta9+ 8 position ev5 :5 comp>$ #ci ) !
 pr(essors ( ! univ]sity4 ,! fir/ ( !   
heads or doctors ( ! s*ool ( :om hi/ory 
has left any acc\nt1 is ,panta5us4      
,panta5us is n s well kn[n z 8 place 9  
,*ur* hi/ory & 8 influ5ce on 8 age w\ld 
seem to w>rant4 ,he 0 appo9t$ to 8      
important po/ at a "t :5 ,*ri/ians all  
ov] ! _w mu/ h be5 rejoic+4 ,! f\r?     
p]secution 0 j dy+ out4 ,= tw5ty ye>s1 )
 ! exception ( ! %ort int]val imm$iately
 aft] ! miracle ( ! ,?und]+ ,legion1 _h 

,m>cus ,aurelius1 imp]ial philosoph] ( !
 ,/oic sort1 cont9u$ to comm& or connive
 at ! but*]y ( 8 ,*ri/ian subjects4 ,:at
 7 ! motives t l$ ?is p>agon ( virtu\s  
pagans to l[] himself to ! commonplace  
practices ( rack+1 sc\rg+1 & burn+1 is a
 "q t dep5ds = its answ] ^u :o ! answ]] 
is4 ,philosoph]s ( a c]ta9 class1 f     
,gibbon to ,mr4 ,mill1 are dispos$ to   
take a l5i5t1 if n a laudatory1 e/imate 
( 8 conduct 9 ?is matt]1 & ?9k t !      
emp]or c\ld n h act$ o!rwise consi/5tly 
) 8 pr9ciples & convictions1 z h&$ d[n  
to u 9 8 ,m$itations4 ,d\btless he _h   
/rong convictions on ! subject (        
,*ri/ianity1 ?\gh x might be que/ion$   
:e!r he came hone/ly by !m4 ,b 8        
convictions1 :atev] !y 71 w\ld probably 
h end$ 9 ! h>mless %ape ( philosophic   
contempt1 _h x n be5 = ! m5 by :om he 0 
surr\nd$4 ,!y 7 ,/oics1 ( c\rse1 l _!   
ma/]1 b _! /oicism 0 f> f conf9+ itself 
to convictions & m$itations4 ,!y 7      
practical ,/oics1 ( ! sev]e/ type :i* t 
old-_w ,puritanism admitt$4 ,z good     

,/oics1 !y 7 ( all philosoph]s ! mo/    
conceit$1 & took x especially ill t any 
sect %\ld presume to rival !m 9 _!      
private virtues ( ob/9acy & endurance4  
,x is extremely probable t ! f\r?       
p]secution1 bo? 9 its comm5cem5t & its  
revival1 0 ow+ to ! good (fices ( ,m>cus
 ,aurelius's solemn-fac$ favorites4 ,b1 
:atev] be ! blame t atta*es to him1 he  
has answ]$ = x at ! same dread tribunal 
at :i* he has answ]$ = ! deification (  
,fau/9a & ! education ( ,commodus4      
,h[ev]1 ab\t ! ye> #ahj1 p]secution     
ceas$ at ,alex&ria1 & ! ,*ri/ians held  
up _! heads & reviv$ aga91 aft] ! bitt] 
w9t] ?r\gh :i* !y _h j pass$4 ,_! fir/  
?\ghts & ef=ts appe> to h be5 direct$ to
 _! s*ool4 ,! "n ( ,panta5us 0 already  
celebrat$4 ,he 0 a conv]t f paganism1   
born probably 9 ,sicily1 b c]ta9ly      
br\ght up 9 ,alex&ria4 ,curi\sly en\gh1 
he _h be5 a zeal\s ,/oic1 & rema9$ s1 9 
! ,*ri/ian s5se1 aft] 8 conv]sion4 ,!re 
is no d\bt t he 0 well kn[n among !     
,g5tile philosoph]s ( ,alex&ria4 ,p]haps

 he _h lectur$ 9 ! ,museum & d9$ 9 !    
,hall4 ,probably he _h sp5t _m a day    
buri$ 9 ! recesses ( ! great libr>ies1 &
 c\ld give a good acc\nt ( n a few ( _! 
?\s&s ( volumes4 ,he mu/ h kn[n ,ju/9   
,m>tyr--p]haps _h some?+ to say to !    
conv]sion ( t brilliant g5ius1 n z a    
tea*]1 b z a fri5d & fell[-/ud5t4 ,he   
may h come across ,gal51 :5 t lively    
m$ical man 0 pursu+ 8 rese>*es on !     
immortal ,hippocrates1 or ent]ta9+ a    
select circle1 9 ! calm ( ! ev5+1 "u "o 
( ! porticos ( ! ,hepta/adion4 ,no soon]
 0 he plac$ at ! head ( ! ,*ri/ian s*ool
 ?an he inaugurat$ a great *ange1 or r a
 great developm5t4 ,=m]ly ! in/ruction  
_h be5 int5d$ solely = conv]ts1 t is1   
cate*um5s1 & ! matt] ( ! tea*+ _h       
correspond$ ) ?is object4 ,panta5us     
*ang$ all ?is4 ,! cessation ( !         
p]secution _h1 p]haps1 enc\rag$ bold]   
measures2 m5 w\ld ?9k !re 0 no prospect 
( ano!r1 z m5 g5]ally ?9k :5 a long &   
difficult trial is ov]2 s ! ,*ri/ian    
s*ools 7 to be op5$ #dj to all ! _w4 ,if

 ,ari/otle & ,plato1 ,epicurus & ,z5o1  
_h _! lectur]s1 %\ld n ,jesus ,*ri/ h   
s*ools & tea*]s too8 ,& :at matt] if !  
,*ri/ian doctr9e 7 some:at novel &      
h>d--0 n ,ammonius ! ,port]1 at t v "t1 
turn+ ! heads ( half ! /ud5ts 9 ! city1 
& fill+ 8 lecture-room to suffocation1  
by exp\nd+ transc5d5tal !ories ab\t     
,plato's ,logos1 & actually tea*+ !     
doctr9e ( a ,tr9ity8 ,%ame ^u ! ,*ri/ian
 "n1 !n1 if !y :o be> x d n op5 _!      
doors1 n[ t dang] is pa/1 & break ! true
 bread to ! hungry s\ls t eag]ly snat*  
at ! /ones & dry /icks t o!rs give6 ,s  
?\ght ,panta5us4 ,( 8 tea*+s & writ+s   
h>dly a trace or a record has rea*$ u4  
,we "k t he wrote valu$ comm5t>ies on   
,holy ,scripture1 b no fragm5t ( !m     
rema9s4 ,8 tea*+1 h[ev]1 z might h be5  
expect$1 0 *iefly oral4 ,he met !       
philosoph]s ( ,alex&ria on _! own gr\nd4
 ,he %[$ t ! fame ( le>n+1 ! e>ne/ness (
 "*1 ! vivid p]sonal influ5ce t 7 s     
p[]ful 9 ! cause ( hea!n philosophy1    
c\ld be z s]viceable to ! philosophy (  

,*ri/4 ,! plan 0 novel 9 ! ,*ri/ian     
_w--at lea/1 9 its sy/ematic ?or\ghness4
 ,t ,panta5us _h great influ5ce & _m    
wor?y disciples is evid5t f ! fact t ,/4
 ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria1 8 successor1 0 =m$
 9 8 s*ool1 & t ,/4 ,alex&] ( ,j]usalem1
 ! celebrat$ f\nd] ( ! libr>y :i*       
,eusebius consult$ at ,j]usalem1 writ+  
half a c5tury aft]w>d to ,alex&ria1     
speaks ) no?+ less ?an en?usiasm ( !    
happy memory ( 8 old ma/]4 ,if we c\ld  
pi]ce ! secrets ( ^? long-pa/ times1 :at
 a /irr+ sc5e ( rev]5d wisdom & y\?ful  
en?usiasm w\ld ! =gott5 s*ool ( !       
,sicilian conv]t unfold to our sight6   
,d\btless1 f amid/ ! confus$ j>gon ( all
 mann] ( philosophies1 ! voice ( !      
,*ri/ian tea*] arose ) a cle> & di/9ct  
utt]ance2 & ! fame ( ,panta5us 0 c>ri$  
to f> c\ntries by _m a noble ,roman & _m
 an accompli%$ ,greek1 zeal\s1 l all    
true academic sons1 = ! glory ( _!      
favorite ma/]4  ,aft] t5 ye>s ( su* "w z
 ?is1 ,panta5us vacat$ 8 *air1 & w5t =? 
z a mission>y bi%op to conv]t !         

,indians4 ,be=e pass+ on to 8 successor1
 a few words on ?is ,indian mission1    
app>5tly s inopportune = su* a man at   
su* a "t1 w be int]e/+1 & n unconnect$ )
 ! hi/ory ( ! ,*ri/ian s*ools4  ,9 !    
_m-peopl$ city !re 7 m5 f all l&s & (   
all %ades ( complexion4 ,x 0 no?+       
/range1 !n1 t an embassy ( sw>?y        
,indians %\ld h "o day wait$ on !       
patri>* & begg$ = an apo/le to take home
 ) !m to _! c\ntrym54 ,no wond]1 ei!r1 t
 !y specifi$ ! celebrat$ ma/] ( !       
cate*isms z _! dignissimus4 ,! only     
wond] is t he 0 all[$ to g4 ,yet he w5t2
 he set out ) !m1 sail$ to ,canopus1 !  
,alex&rian ,ri*mond1 :]e ! canal jo9$ ! 
,nile2 sail$ up ! anci5t /ream to       
,koptos1 :]e ! ov]l& r\te began2 jo9$ ! 
c>avan t travell$ !nce1 f well to well1 
to ,b]5ice1 ,philadelphus's h>bor on !  
,r$ ,sea2 emb>k$1 &1 aft] sail+ be=e !  
monsoon = sev5ty days1 arriv$ at ! fir/ 
,indian port1 probably t :i* is n[      
,mangalore1 9 ! presid5cy ( ,bombay4    
,?is1 9 all likelihood1 0 ! r\te & !    

de/9ation ( ,panta5us4 ,n[ ^? among :om 
8 mission>y labors appe> to h la9 7     
,brahm9s1 & ,brahm9s ( great le>n+ &    
extraord9>y /rictness ( life4 ,moreov]1 
!re appe>s to be no reason to d\bt t !  
,*ur* f\nd$ by ,/4 ,?omas /ill exi/$1 & 
ev5 fl\ri%$1 9 ^! v p>ts1 ?\gh its      
apo/olic f\nd] _h be5 m>tyr$ a hundr$   
ye>s be=e4 ,x 0 n s unreasonable1 !n1 t 
#da a bi%op l ,panta5us %\ld h be5      
select$ = su* a ,*ur* & su* a p4 ,let ! 
read] turn to ! /ory ( ,rob]t de'       
,nobili1 & ( ,john de ,britto1 ^: field 
( labor ext5d$ to )9 a hundr$ miles (   
ma/] 9 human le>n+ :5 ! ! v spot :]e    
,panta5us probably l&$4 ,/4 ,francis    
,xavi] _h already f\nd ,*ri/ians 9 t    
region :o bore di/9ct traces ( a =m]    
connection ) ,alex&ria1 9 ! v po9ts 9   
:i* !y deviat$ f or?odoxy4 ,de'         
,nobili's trans=mation ( himself into a 
,brahm9 ( ! /ricte/ & mo/ le>n$ ca/e is 
well kn[n4 ,he dress$ & liv$ z a        
,brahm91 r\s$ ! curiosity ( 8 adopt$    
bre?r51 op5$ s*ool1 & taught philosophy1

 inculcat+ su* practical conclusions z x
 is unnecess>y to specify4 ,de ,britto  
did ! v same ?+s4 ,if any "o w comp>e ! 
,brahm9s ( ,de ,britto & ,de' ,nobili ) 
^? e>li] ,brahm9s ( ,panta5us1 z        
describ$1 = in/ance1 by ,cave f         
,palladius1 he w n fail to be /ruck ) ! 
simil>ity ( acc\nts2 & if we might be   
p]mitt$ to fill up ! picture ^u ^!      
conjectural h9ts1 we %\ld say t x seems 
to u v likely t ,panta5us1 dur+ ! ye>s t
 he 0 lo/ to ,alex&ria1 0 exp\nd+ &     
en=c+1 9 ! fl[+ cotton robes ( a v5]able
 ,sania/es1 ! same deep philosophy to   
,indian audi5ces z he _h taught to      
admir+ ,greeks 9 ! mode/ pallium ( a    
,/oic4 ,rec5t mission>y exp]i5ce has    
uni=mly gone to prove t deep le>n+ &    
asceticism are1 humanly speak+1         
absolutely necess>y 9 ord] to attempt ! 
conv]sion ( ,brahm9s ) any prospect (   
success3 & ! mission ( ,panta5us seems  
at once to furni% an illu/ration ( ?is  
fact1 & to af=d an int]e/+ glimpse (    
,*ri/ian ,missions 9 ! second c5tury4 ,b

 we mu/ return to ,alex&ria4  ,! "n t   
succe$s ,panta5us on ! rolls ( ! ,s*ool 
( ! ,cate*isms is ,titus ,flavius       
,clem5s1 immortaliz$ 9 hi/ory z ,clem5t 
( ,alex&ria4 ,he _h sat "u ,pantaemus1 b
 he 0 no ord9>y s*ol>4 ,l 8 in/ructor1  
he 0 a conv]t f paganism4 ,he 0 already 
ma/] 9 human le>n+ :5 ! grace came4 ,he 
_h s\ght f> & wide = ! tru?1 & _h f\nd x
 9 ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 & into ! lap ( 8   
new "m he _h p\r$ all ! treasures (     
,egyptian wisdom :i* he _h ga!r$ 9 8    
que/4 ,a!ns1 ,s\!rn ,italy1 ,assyria1 & 
,pale/9e _h ea* be5 visit$ by ! eag]    
se>*]2 &1 la/ ( all1 ,egypt1 &          
,alex&ria1 & ,panta5us _h be5 ! t]m ( 8 
travels1 & _h giv5 to 8 l(ty s\l !      
admirable light ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,:5     
,panta5us w5t out z a mission] to       
,india1 ,clem5t1 :o _h already assi/$ 8 
belov$ ma/] 9 ! "w ( ! s*ools1 succe$$  
him z _! director & head4 ,x 0 to be    
,clem5t's task to c>ry on & to develop !
 "w t ,panta5us _h inaugurat$--to make  
,*ri/ianity n only und]/ood by !        

cate*um5s & lov$ by ! fai?ful1 b        
recogniz$ & respect$ by ! pagan         
philosoph]s4 ,unless we c cle>ly see !  
necessity1 or1 at lea/1 ! reality ( !   
philosophical side ( 8 "*1 & ! influ5ces
 t 7 at "w to make him hold fa/ to      
,ari/otle & ,plato1 ev5 aft] he _h got  
f> beyond !m1 we %all infallibly set him
 d[n1 l 8 mod]n biograph]s1 z a         
half-conv]t$ hea!n1 ) ! %ell (          
,platonism /ill adh]+ to him4  ,x _c be 
d\bt$ t 9 a society l t ( ,alex&ria 9   
its palmy days !re 7 _m e>ne/ seek]s ( !
 tru?1 ev5 z ,clem5t himself _h s\ght x4
 ,"o might ev5 lay x d[n z a normal     
fact1 t x 0 ! "* ( an ,alex&rian1 z     
di/+ui%$ f an ,a!nian1 to speculate = ! 
sake ( practis+1 & n to sp5d 8 "t 9 ei!r
 tell+ or he>+ "s new ?+4 ,if an        
,alex&rian 0 a ,/oic1 nev] 0 ,/oic m    
demure or m int5t on w>r+ aga9/ 8 body1 
aft] ,/oic #db fa%ion2 if a geometrican1
 no disciple ( ,bacon 0 ev] m assidu\s 9
 exp]im5taliz+1 measur+1 comp>+1 & d$uc+
 laws2 if a ,platoni/1 !n geometry1     

e?ics1 poetry1 & ev]y?+ else1 7         
en?usia/ically press$ into ! "o great   
occupation ( life--! realiz+ ! ideal & !
 gett+ face to face ) ! unse54 ,t all   
?is e>ne/ness did n uni=mly result 9    
success 0 only too true4 ,mu*           
speculation1 great e>ne/ness1 & no gr&  
objective tru? at ! end ( x--?is 0 (t5 !
 lot ( ! philosophic inquir] (          
,alex&ria4 ,! consequ5ce 0 t n          
unfrequ5tly1 disgu/$ by failure1 he end$
 by ru%+ headlong into ! mo/ vici\s     
excesses1 or1 becom+ a victim to        
despair1 p]i%$ by 8 own h&4 ,s famili>1 
inde$1 _h ?is res\rce ( disappo9tm5t    
become to ! philosophic m9d1 t          
,hegesias1 a pr(essor 9 ! ,museum1 a    
little be=e ! ,*ri/ian era1 wrote a book
 c\nsell+ self-murd]2 & s _m p actually 
foll[$ 8 advice z to oblige ! reign+    
,ptolemy to turn ,gr& ,inquisitor ev5 9 
free-?9k+ ,egypt1 & =bid ! circulation (
 ! book4 ,yet all ?is1 :ile x reveal$ a 
dep? ( moral wret*$ness :i* x is        
frightful to contemplate1 %[$ also a    

c]ta9 desp]ate e>ne/ness2 & d\btless !re
 71 ev5 among ^? :o took refuge 9 "o or 
o!r ( ^! dreadful alt]natives1 m5 :o1 9 
_! beg9n+s1 _h g5u9e aspirations aft]   
tru?1 m+l$ ) ! pride ( k & a m]e        
intellectual curiosity4 ,d\btless1 too1 
!re 0 _m a s9c]e & guileless s\l among !
 philosophic h]d1 to :om1 humanly       
speak+1 no?+ m 0 want+ ?an ! prea*+ ( ! 
fai?4 ,_! eyes 7 op51 z f> z !y c\ld be 
)\t ! light ( revelation3 let ! light   
%9e1 &1 by ! help ( div9e grace1 !y w\ld
 admit its beams into _! s\ls4  ,!re are
 _m su*1 9 e =m ( error4 ,9 ,clem5t's   
days1 especially1 !re 7 _m :om          
,neo-,platonism1 ! ,puseyism ( paganism1
 ca/ up f ! ocean ( unclean error ^u !  
%ores ( ! ,*ur*4 ,take ! case ( ,ju/9   
,m>tyr3 he 0 a "y ,ori5tal ( noble bir? 
& consid]able weal?4 ,9 ! e>ly "p ( !   
second c5tury1 we f9d him try+ fir/ "o  
s*ool ( philosoph]s & !n ano!r1 & ab&on+
 ea* 9 disgu/4 ,! ,/oics w\ld talk to   
him ( no?+ b virtues & vices1 ( regulat+
 ! diet & curb+ ! passions1 & keep+ !   

intellect z quiet z possible--a conv5i5t
 way1 z exp]i5ce taught !m1 ( avoid+    
tr\ble2 :]eas ,ju/9 want$ to he> some?+ 
( ! ,absolute ,be+1 & ( t ,be+'s deal+s 
) 8 own s\l--a k9d ( inquiry :i* !      
,/oics consid]$ altoge!r useless &      
ridicul\s1 if n repreh5sible4 ,leav+ !  
,/oics1 he devot$ himself he>t & s\l to 
a %>p ,p]ipatetic1 b qu>rell$ ) him     
%ortly & left him 9 disgu/2 ! cause (   
disagreem5t be+1 app>5tly1 a practical  
!ory ent]ta9$ by 8 preceptor on !       
subject ( fees4 ,he next took to !      
disciples ( ,py?agoras4 ,b ) ^! he      
succe$$ no bett] ?an ) ! o!rs2 = !      
,py?agoreans rem9d$ him t no "o ignorant
 ( ma!matics c\ld be admitt$ into _!    
select society4 ,ma!matics1 9 a         
,py?agorean po9t ( view1 includ$        
geometry1 a/ronomy1 & music--all ^?     
sci5ces1 9 fact1 9 :i* !re 0 any scope =
 ^? extraord9>y freaks ( numb]s :i*     
delight$ ! foll[]s ( ! old veget>ian4   
,ju/91 hav+ no incl9ation to und]go a   
novitiate 9 ma!matics1 ab&on$ !         

,py?agoreans & w5t else:]e4 ,!          
,platoni/s 7 ! next :o attract$ him4 ,he
 f\nd no lack ( employm5t = ! highe/    
qualities ( 8 really noble s\l 9 ! l(ty 
visions ( ,plato & ! sublimat$ !ories ( 
8 disciples & comm5tators2 ?\gh x appe>s
 a little s+ul> t1 ) 8 prop5sities t[>d 
! ideal & ab/ract1 he %\ld h tri$ s _m  
ma/]s be=e he #dc sat d[n "u ,plato4    
,h[ev]1 be t z x may1 ,plato seems to h 
satisfi$ him = a :ile1 & he began to ?9k
 he 0 gr[+ a v wise man1 :5 ^! illusions
 7 rudely dispell$4 ,"o day he _h walk$ 
d[n to a lonely spot by ! sea-%ore1     
m$itat+1 probably1 "s deep idea1 &      
p]haps declaim+ occasionally "s passage 
( ,plato's ,olympian ,greek4 ,9 8       
solit>y walk he met an old man1 & ent]$ 
into conv]sation ) him4 ,! ev5t ( ?is   
conv]sation 0 t ,ju/9 w5t home ) a      
wond]fully r$uc$ e/imate ( 8 own wisdom1
 & a det]m9ation to get to "k a few ?+s 
ab\t :i* ,plato1 on ! old man's %[+1 _h 
be5 woefully 9 ! d>k4 ,ju/9 became a    
conv]t to ,*ri/ianity4 ,n[1 ,ju/9 _h be5

 at ,alex&ria1 &1 :e!r ! conv]sation he 
relates ev] really took place1 or is    
m]ely an oratorical fiction1 ! /ory is  
"o t repres5ts sub/antially :at mu/ h   
happ5$ ov] & ov] aga9 to ^? :o ?rong$ ! 
univ]sity ( ,alex&ria1 we>+ ! black     
cloak ( ! philosoph]4  ,ju/9 liv$ & 0   
m>tyr$ "s half a c5tury be=e ,clem5t sat
 9 ! *air ( ! cate*isms4 ,b x is q pla9 
t1 9 su* a /ate ( society1 !re w\ld n be
 want+ _m ( 8 class & temp]am5t :o1 9   
,clem5t's "t1 z well z fifty ye>s be=e1 
7 9 se>* ( ! true philosophy4 ,& we mu/ 
n =get t 9 ,alex&ria !re 7 actually     
?\s&s ( well-born1 intellectual "y m5 f 
e "p ( ! ,roman empire4 ,to ! e>ne/     
among ^! ,clem5t 01 inde$1 no ord9>y    
ma/]4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 he 0 _! equal by 
bir? & education1 ) all ! intellectual  
ke5ness ( 8 native ,a!ns1 & all !       
rip5ess & v]satility ( "o :o _h se5 _m  
cities ( m5 & _! mann]s4 ,next1 he _h   
himself be5 a ,g5tile1 & _h gone ?r\gh  
all ^? phases ( ! s\l t prec$e &        
accompany ! process ( conv]sion4 ,if any

 "o knew _! difficulties & _! sore      
places1 x 0 he1 ! conv]t$ philosoph]4   
,if any "o 0 capable ( satisfy+ a g5]\s 
m9d z to :i* 0 ! true philosophy1 x 0 he
 :o _h travell$ ! _w ov] 9 se>* ( x4 ,he
 c\ld tell ! sw>?y ,syrian t x 0 ( no   
use to seek ! classic regions ( ,ionia1 
= he _h tri$ !m1 & ! tru? 0 n !re2 he   
c\ld assure him x 0 wa/e ( "t to g to   
,a!ns1 = ! ,por* & ! ,g>d5 7 babbl+ (   
va9 que/ions--he _h li/5$ 9 !m all4 ,he 
c\ld calm ! ardor ( ! "y ,a!nian1 8     
c\ntryman1 eag] to try ! banks ( !      
,orontes1 & to int]rogate ! sages (     
,syria2 = he c\ld tell him be=eh& :at !y
 w\ld say4 ,he c\ld %ake 8 head :5 ! "y 
,egyptian1 fre% f ! prov9cial luxury (  
,ant9oe1 m5tion$ ,magna ,graecia z a    
my/]i\s l& :]e ! secret ( k 0 p]haps 9 !
 h&s ( ! desc5dants ( ! ,pelasgi4 ,he _h
 tri$ ,t>5tum1 he _h tri$ ,neapolis2 !y 
7 worse ?an ! ,s]apeion 9 unnameable    
lic5ti\sness--less 9 e>ne/ ?an ! vot>ies
 t cr[d$ ! pleasure-b>ges ( ! ,nile at a
 fe/ival ( ! ,moon4 ,he _h ask$1 he _h  

tri$1 he _h ta/$4 ,! tru?1 he c\ld tell 
!m1 0 at _! doors4 ,x 0 else:]e1 too4 ,x
 0 9 ,neapolis1 9 ,antio*1 9 ,a!ns1 9   
,rome2 b !y w\ld n f9d x taught 9 !     
*airs ( ! s*ools1 nor discuss$ by noble 
frequ5t]s ( ! ba?s & ! !atres4 ,he knew 
x1 & he c\ld tell x to !m4 ,& z he add$ 
_m a tale ( 8 w&]+s & se>*+s--_m an     
in/ance ( g5ius fall+ %ort1 ( good-w    
labor+ 9 ! d>k1 ( e>ne/ness pa9fully at 
fault--_m ( ^? :o he>d him w\ld yield   
!mselves up to ! vigor\s ?9k] ^: br[ %[$
 bo? ! capacity & ! unwe>i$ activity ( !
 s\l )94 ,he 0 ! v man to be made a h]o 
(4 ,:atev] !re 0 9 ! circle ( ,g5tile   
philosophy he knew4 ,/4 ,j]ome calls #dd
 him ! mo/ le>n$ ( ! writ]s ( ! ,*ur*1 &
 ,/4 ,j]ome mu/ h spok5 ) ! sons ( ^? :o
 _h he>d him lecture--noble ,*ri/ian    
patricians1 p]*ance1 ^: fa!rs _h (t5    
told !m h[1 9 f]v5t boyhood1 !y _h be5  
spell-b\nd by 8 words 9 ! ,*ri/ian s*ool
 ( ,alex&ria1 or le>n$ bi%ops (         
,pale/9e1 :o _h he>d ( him f ,orig5 at  
,caes>ea or ,/4 ,alex&] at ,j]usalem4 ,f

 ! same ,/4 ,alex&]1 :o _h li/5$ to     
,panta5us by 8 side1 we le>n t he 0 z   
holy z he 0 le>n$2 & ,!odoret1 ^: s*ool 
did n dispose him to admire :at came f !
 cate*etical doctors ( ,alex&ria1 is our
 au?ority = say+ t 8 eloqu5ce 0         
unsurpass$4 ,9 ! f\r? edition ( ,cave's 
,apo/olici1 !re is a portrait t we w\ld 
fa9 v\* to be g5u9e4 ,! massive1 e>ne/  
face1 ( ! ,ari/otelian type1 ! n>r[1    
p]p5dicul> ,grecian br[1 ) its          
corrugations ( ?\ght & c>e1 ! v5]able   
fl[+ be>d1 dignify+1 b n conceal+1 !    
homely & fa!rly m\?1 seem to sugge/ a   
man :o _h made all sci5ce 8 own1 yet :o 
n[ valu$ a little "o ( ,jesus ,*ri/     
above all human wisdom & le>n+4 ,b we h 
no record ( ^? features t 7 once !      
cynosure ( _m eyes 9 ! _m-peopl$ city2  
we h no memorial ( ! figure t spoke !   
tru?s ( ! ,gospel 9 ! words ( ,plato4   
,we "k n h[ he look$1 nor h[ he sat1 :5 
he began ) 8 favorite ma/]1 & %[$1 )    
inexhau/ible le>n+1 :]e he _h caught    
sight ( ! tru?1 &1 aga91 :]e 8 mighty b 

f9ite intellect _h fail$ = want ( a m   
admirable light2 nor h[ he k9dl$ :5 he  
_h l$ 8 he>]s ?r\gh ! ve/ibule ( ! old  
philosophy1 & /ood ready to lift !      
curta9 ( t :i* 0 at once its            
consummation & its annihilation4  ,b !  
philosoph]s ( ,alex&ria1 s-call$1 7 by  
no means1 )\t exception1 e>ne/1         
high-m9d$1 & well-mean+4 ,leav+ out ( ! 
"q ! mob ( /ud5ts :o came o/5sibly =    
wisdom1 b got only a v d\btful          
sub/itute1 & 7 q cont5t ) x1 we "k t !  
,museum 0 ! headqu>t]s ( an             
anti-,*ri/ian philosophy :i*1 9         
,clem5t's "t1 0 9 ! v spr+ ( its vigor\s
 developm5t4 ,exactly contempor>y ) him 
0 ! celebrat$ ,ammonius ! ,port]1 !     
tea*] ( ,plot9us1 & !re=e ! p>5t (      
,neo-,platonism4 ,ammonius _h a v great 
"n & a v num]\s s*ool4 ,t he 0 a        
,*ri/ian by bir?1 !re is no d\bt2 & he 0
 probably a ,*ri/ian /ill :5 he l&$ at !
 ,great ,port & f\nd employm5t z a      
%ip-port]4 ,hi/ory is divid$ z to 8     
behavior aft] 8 wond]ful elevation f !  

w>eh\ses to ! halls ( ! ,museum4 ,/4    
,j]ome & ,eusebius d5y t he apo/atiz$1  
:ile ! v que/ionable au?ority ( !       
unscrupul\s ,porphyry is ! only te/imony
 t c be adduc$ on ! o!r side2 b1 ev5 if 
he cont9u$ to be a ,*ri/ian1 8 or?odoxy 
is r damag$ :5 we f9d him prais$ by su* 
m5 z ,plot9us1 ,long9us1 & ,hi]ocles4   
,"s w\ld cut ! knot by ass]t+ ! exi/5ce 
( two ,ammoniuses1 "o a pagan apo/ate1 !
 o!r a ,*ri/ian bi%op--a solution       
equally contradict$ by ! witnesses on   
bo? sides4 ,b1 :atev] ,saccas 01 !re is 
no d\bt z to :at 0 ! effect ( 8 tea*+   
on1 at lea/1 half ( 8 he>]s4 ,if we     
might haz>d a conjecture1 we %\ld say t 
he appe>s to h be5 a man ( great        
clev]ness1 & ev5 g5ius1 b too mu* 9 love
 ) 8 own brilliancy & 8 own speculations
 n to come across ! ecclesia/ical       
au?ority 9 a m or less direct way4 ,he  
suppli$ _m impos+ premises :i* ,orig51  
repres5t+ ! s\nd half ( 8 audi5ce1 us$ =
 ,*ri/ian purposes1 :il/ ,plot9us       
employ$ !m = revivify+ ! dead body (    

paganism4 ,! brilliant sack-be>] seems  
to h be51 at ! v lea/1 a lib]al #de     
,*ri/ian1 :o 0 too g5tlemanly to m5tion 
s v vulg> a ?+ z ! ,*ri/ian sup]/ition 9
 ! classic g>d5s ( ! palace1 or at !    
s]5e banquets ( sages 9 ! ,symposium4   
,! "q1 !n1 is1 ,h[ did ,*ri/ianity1 z a 
philosophy1 /& 9 relation to ! afflu5t  
pr(essors ( ,ptolemy's univ]sity8 ,t !y 
_h be5 =c$ to see !re 0 su* a ?+ z      
,*ri/ianity1 be=e ! "t ( :i* we speak   
7,a4,d4 #bjj71 x is impossible to d\bt4 
,x mu/ h dawn$ ^u ! compreh5sion ( ! mo/
 imp]turbable gramm>ian & ! mo/         
mat]iali/ surgeon ( ! ,museum t a new   
tea*+ ( "s k9d 0 sl[ly b surely /rik+   
root 9 ! _m =ms ( life t surr\nd$ !m4   
,rumors mu/ long be=e h be5 he>d 9 !    
common hall t executions _h tak5 place (
 sev]al memb]s ( a new sect or society1 
said to be impi\s 9 its t5ets & disloyal
 9 its practice4 ,no d\bt ! assembl$    
sages _h exp5d$ at ! "t mu* intricate   
quibble & pun1 aft] heavy ,alex&rian    
fa%ion1 on ! subject ( ^? wret*$ m52 m  

especially :5 x 0 put beyond d\bt t no  
promises ( rew>d or ?reats ( puni%m5t _h
 avail$ to make !m compromise _! op9ions
 9 ! slighte/ tittle4 ,!n ! matt] w\ld  
die out1 to be reviv$ sev]al times 9 !  
same way2 until at la/ "s "o w\ld make  
inquiries1 & w\ld f9d t ! new sect 0 n  
only spread+1 b1 ?\gh compos$ app>5tly (
 ! poor & ! humble1 0 cle>ly some?+ v   
diff]5t f ! fanta/ic religions or brutal
 no-religions ( ! ,alex&rian mob4 ,x    
w\ld be gradually f\nd out1 moreov]1 t  
m5 ( "n & ( p>ts 7 9 its ranks2 nay1 "s 
day ( days1 t le>n$ company 9 ! ,hall   
w\ld miss "o ( its own numb]1 aft] ! mo/
 rev]5d ! curator _h ask$ a bless+--if  
ev] he did--& x w\ld come out t         
,pr(essor ,s-&-s1 le>n$ & au/]e z he 01 
_h become a ,*ri/ian6 ,& "s w\ld m]ely  
wond]1 b1 t pa/1 w\ld ask _! neighbor1 9
 ! equival5t ,attic1 if !re 7 to be no m
 cakes & ale1 because he _h prov$       
himself a fool2 o!rs w\ld wond]1 & feel 
di/urb$1 & ?9k ab\t ask+ a "q or two1   
?\gh n to ! ext5t ( ab&on+ _! seats at t

 com=table bo>d4  ,! majority1 d\btless1
 at ,alex&ria z else:]e1 set d[n        
,*ri/ianity z "s new sup]/ition1 fre%ly 
import$ f ! home ( all sup]/itions1 !   
,ea/4 ,!re 7 "s :o hat$ x1 & pursu$ x ) 
a vehem5ce ( malignant ly+ t c sugge/   
only "o s\rce ( inspiration1 t is to    
say1 ! fa!r ( all lies himself4 ,( ?is  
class 7 ,cresc5s ! ,cynic1 ! prime      
favorite ( ,m>cus ,aurelius1 & ,celsus1 
call$ ! ,epicurean1 b :o1 9 8 celebrat$ 
book1 writt5 at ?is v "t1 appe>s z      
v]itable a ,platoni/ z ,plot9us himself4
 ,!n1 aga91 !re 7 o!rs :o f\nd no       
difficulty 9 recogniz+ ,*ri/ianity z a  
si/] philosophy--:o1 9 fact1 r welcom$ x
 z af=d+ fre% mat]ial =                 
dialectics--good1 easy m5 ( r\t9e1 bl9d 
en\gh to ! vital que/ions :i* ! devil's 
advocates cle>ly saw to be at /ake4     
,gal5 is pre-em95tly a writ] :o has     
reflect$ ! curr5t gossip ( ! day4 ,he 0 
a h>d /ud5t 9 8 y\?1 & a le>n$ & ev5    
high-m9d$ man 9 8 maturity1 b he        
frequ5tly %[s himself 9 8 writ+s z !    

fa%ionable physician1 ) "o or two ( !   
weaknesses ( t well-kn[n "*4 ,he sp5t a 
long "t at ,alex&ria1 j be=e ,clem5t    
became fam\s1 /udy+ "u ,h]aclian1       
consult+ ! immortal ,hippocrates1 &     
pr(it+ by ! celebrat$ dissect+-rooms ( !
 ,museum1 9 :i*1 unless !y are beli$1 ! 
int]e/s ( sci5ce 7 s p>am\nt t !y us$ to
 dissect--n live horses2 b liv+ slaves4 
,he c\ld n1 !re=e1 fail to h kn[n h[    
,*ri/ianity 0 reg>d$ at ! ,museum4      
,speak+ ( ,*ri/ians1 !n1 9 8 works1 he (
 c\rse retails a good deal ( #df nons5se
 ab\t !m1 su* z we c imag9e him to h    
ex*ang$ ) ! ri* gluttons & swoll5       
philosoph]s :om he _h to att5d          
pr(essionally 9 ,roman society2 b :5 he 
speaks s]i\sly1 & ( :at he _h himself   
obs]v$1 he says1 frankly & hone/ly1 t ! 
,*ri/ians des]v$ v great praise =       
sobriety ( life1 & = _! love ( virtue1 9
 :i* !y equall$ or surpass$ ! greate/   
philosoph]s ( ! age4 ,s ?\ght1 9 all    
probability1 _m ( ! le>n$ m5 (          
,alex&ria4  ,! ,*ur*1 on h] side1 0 n   

av]se to appe>+ be=e ! ,g5tiles 9 ! g>b 
( philosophy1 & x 0 v natural t !       
,*ri/ian tea*]s %\ld enc\rage ?is idea1 
) ! aim & hope ( ga9+ admittance =      
!mselves & _! good tid+s into ! v he>t (
 pagan le>n+4 ,& 0 n ,*ri/ianity a      
philosophy8 ,9 ! true/ s5se ( ! ^w--&1  
:at is m to ! purpose1 9 ! s5se ( !     
philosoph]s ( ,alex&ria--x 0 a          
philosophy4 ,! n>r[$ mean+ t 9 our days 
is assign$ to philosophy1 z di/+ui%$ f  
religion1 _h no exi/5ce 9 ! days (      
,clem5t4 ,wisdom 0 ! wisdom by          
excell5ce1 ! highe/1 ! ultimate wisdom4 
,:at ! ,hebrew prea*] meant :5 he said1 
,wisdom is bett] ?an all ! mo/ preci\s  
?+s1 ! same 0 int5d$ by ! ,alex&rian    
lectur] :5 he (f]$ to %[ 8 he>]s :]e    
wisdom 0 to be f\nd4 ,x meant ! fruit ( 
! highe/ speculation1 & at ! same "t !  
necess>y gr\nd ( all-important practice4
 ,9 our days ! *ild le>ns at !          
alt>-rails t its end is to love ,god1 & 
s]ve him1 & be happy ) him2 & aft] _m   
ye>s h pass$1 ! *ild1 n[ a man1 /udies &

 speculates on ! reasons & ! be>+s ( t  
%ort1 mom5t\s s5t5ce4 ,9 ! old ,greek _w
 ! intellectual se>* came fir/1 & !     
practical s5t5ce 0 ! wi%$-= result4 ,a  
sy/em ( philosophy 01 !re=e1 9 ,clem5t's
 "t1 tantam\nt to a religion4 ,x 0 !    
case especially ) ! le>n$4 ,s]apis &    
,isis 7 all v well = ! old wom5 & !     
sailors1 b ! laureate & ! a/ronom] royal
 ( ! ,ptolemies1 & ! pr(essors1 _m &    
div]se1 ( arts & e?ics1 9 ! ,museum1    
sc>cely took pa9s to conceal _! utt]    
contempt = ! wor%ip ( ! vulg>4 ,_! idols
 7 some?+ m spiritual1 _! inc5se 0 ( a m
 e!real k9d4 ,c\ld !y n dispute ab\t !  
,absolute ,be+8 & _h !y n glimpses (    
some?+ indef9itely above & yet          
indef9ably relat$ to _! own s\ls1 9 !   
,logos ( ! div9e ,plato8 ,s ! ,/oic     
mortifi$ 8 fle% = ! sake ( "s ult]ior   
p]fectibility ( :i* he c\ld give no cle>
 acc\nt to himself2 ! ,epicurean        
contriv$ to take 8 fill ( pleasure1 on !
 maxim t enjoym5t 0 ! end ( our be+1 &  
tomorr[ we die2 ! ,platoni/ speculat$ & 

pursu$ 8 air-travell+ & cl\d-que/ion+1 l
 ,socrates 9 ! basket1 9 a va9 b tempt+ 
endeavor to see :at ,god 0 to man & man 
to ,god2 ! ,p]ipatetic1 ! ,eclectic1 &  
all ! re/1 disput$1 sc(f$1 or dogmatiz$ 
ab\t _m ?+s1 c]ta9ly1 b1 ma9ly & f9ally1
 on ^? que/ions t w nev] lie /ill3--,:o 
are we8 &1 ,:o plac$ u "h8 ,philosophy  
includ$ religion1 & !re=e ,*ri/ianity 0 
a philosophy4  ,:5 ,clem5t1 !n1 told !  
philosoph]s ( ,alex&ria t he c\ld tea*  
!m ! true philosophy1 he 0 say+ n only  
:at 0 p]fectly true1 b :at 0 p]fectly   
und]/ood by !m4 ,! cate*etical s*ool 01 
& appe>$ to !m1 z truly a philosophical 
lecture-room z ! halls ( ! ,museum4     
,clem5t himself _h be5 an ard5t         
philosoph]1 & he rev]5tly lov$ 8 ma/]s1 
,socrates & ,plato & ,ari/otle1 :il/ he 
_h ! feel+s ( a bro!r t[>d ! philosoph]s
 ( 8 own day4 ,he became a ,*ri/ian1 & 8
 de>e/ object 0 to w9 8 bre?r5 to a     
p>ticipation 9 8 own good =tune4 #dg ,he
 did n burn 8 philosophical books &     
ana!matize 8 ma/]s2 l ,/4 ,paul1 he     

avail$ himself ( ! good t 0 9 !m &      
comm5d$ x1 & !n proclaim$ t he _h ! key 
( ! treasure :i* !y _h labor$ to f9d &  
_h n f\nd4 ,?is expla9s h[ x is t1 9    
,clem5t ( ,alex&ria1 ! philosoph]'s     
mantle seems almo/ to hide ! simple g>b 
( ! ,*ri/ian4 ,?is also expla9s :y he is
 call$1 & inde$ calls himself1 an       
,eclectic 9 8 sy/em2 & ?is m>ks out !   
drift & ! aim ( ! _m allusions to       
philosophy t we f9d 9 8 extant works1 & 
9 ! traditions ( 8 tea*+ t h come d[n to
 u4 ,if ,*ri/ianity 0 truly call$ a     
philosophy1 :at %\ld we expect 9 its    
*ampion b t he %\ld be a philosoph]8 ,m5
 9 ^! days read ! ,/romata1 & f9d t x   
is1 on ! outside1 m l ,plato ?an l      
,jesus ,*ri/2 & ?us !y make small acc\nt
 ( x1 because !y _c und]/& its /yle1 or 
! reason = its adoption4 ,! gr\nds (    
que/ions & ! =ms ( ?\ght h %ift$ s9ce ! 
days ( ! cate*etical s*ool4 ,b ,clem5t's
 fell[-citiz5s und]/ood him4 ,! ?rifty  
"y ,byzant9e1 = in/ance1 und]/ood him1  
:o _h be5 half-incl9$ to jo9 ! ,/oics1 b

 _h come1 9 8 ?readb>e pallium1 to he> !
 ,*ri/ian tea*]1 & :o 0 told t          
asceticism 0 v good & comm5dable1 b t ! 
end ( x all 0 ,god & ! love ( ,god1 & t 
?is end c\ld only be atta9$ by a        
,*ri/ian4 ,! languid b intellectual man 
( fa%ion und]/ood him1 :o _h gr[n sick (
 ! j>gon ( 8 ,platoni/ pr(essors ab\t ! 
p]fect man & ! ar*etypal humanity1 & :o 
n[ felt 8 inmo/ nature /irr$ to its     
dep?s by ! ann\ncem5t & description ( ! 
,^w made fle%4 ,! le>n$ /rang] f ,antio*
 or ,a!ns1 seek+ = ! tru?1 und]/ood him1
 :5 he said t ! ,*ri/ian dogma alone    
c\ld create & p]fect ! true ,gno/ic or  
,kn[]2 he und]/ood p]fectly ! importance
 ( ! object1 provid$ ! ass]tion 7 true1 
z x might turn out to be4 ,unless       
,clem5t _h spok5 ( asceticism1 ( !      
p]fect man1 & ( ! true ,gno/ic1 8 tea*+ 
w\ld n h come home to ! self-d5y+ /ud5t1
 to ! ?\ghtful sage1 to ! brilliant y\?1
 to all t 0 great & g5]\s & amiable 9 ! 
huge hea!n society ( ! cr[d$ city4 ,z x 
01 he ga9$ a he>+1 &1 hav+ done s1 he   

said to ! ,alex&rians1 ,y\r ma/]s 9     
philosophy are great & noble3 ,i honor  
!m1 ,i admire & accept !m2 b !y did n g 
f> en\gh1 z y all ackn[l$ge4 ,come to u1
 !n1 & we w %[ :at is want+ 9 !m4 ,li/5 
to ^! old ,hebrew writ]s :om ,i w quote 
to y4 ,y see t !y treat$ ( all y\r      
problems1 & _h solv$ ! deepe/ ( !m1 :il/
 y\r =efa!rs 7 grop+ 9 d>kness4 ,all _! 
light1 & mu* m1 is our inh]itance4 ,!   
tru?1 :i* y seek1 we possess4 ',:at y   
wor%ip1 )\t kn[+ x1 t ,i prea* to y4'   
,god's ,^w has be5 made fle%--has liv$  
on ?is e>?1 ! model man1 ! absolute man4
 ,come to u1 & we w %[ y h[ y may "k    
,god ?r\gh him1 & h[ ?r\gh him ,god     
communicates himself to y4 ,b "h he     
/opp$4 ,! discipl9e ( ! secret all[$ him
 to g no fur!r 9 public4 ,! li/5+       
,*ri/ians knew well :at he meant2 8     
pagan he>]s only surmis$ t !re 0 m      
beh9d4 ,& 0 x n mu* t ,*ri/ianity %\ld  
?us measure /r5g? & *all5ge a conte/ ) !
 old ,greek civilization on equal t]ms1 
& ab\t ^? v matt]s ( intellect & high   

e?ics 9 :i* x especially prid$ itself8  
,b ! conte/1 nev] a fri5dly "o1 save ) !
 dulle/ & easie/ ( ! pagan philosoph]s1 
v soon grew to be w> to ! knife4 ,we h  
said t ! quiet lov]s ( lit]ature among !
 hea!n m5 ( sci5ce 7 p]fectly ready to  
admit ! ,*ri/ian philosophy to a fair   
%>e #dh 9 ! ar5a ( disputation &        
discussion1 look+ ^u x z be+1 at wor/1  
only a fooli% sy/em ( obtrusive         
novelties1 :i* might safely be left to  
_! own insignificancy4 ,b1 q unexpect$ly
 & />tl+ly = easy-go+ philosoph]s1      
,*ri/ianity 0 f\nd1 n m]ely to claim !  
possession ( tru?1 b to claim x :olly & 
solely4 ,&1 :at 0 /ill m intol]able1 its
 doctors ma9ta9$ t its adoption or      
rejection 0 no op5 speculative "q1 b a  
trem5d\s practical matt]1 involv+ no?+  
less ?an all morality "h & all happ9ess 
h]eaft]2 & t ! un=tunate philosoph]1 :o1
 9 8 l(ty s]5ity1 approv$ x z "r1 & yet 
foll[$ ! wrong1 w\ld h to und]go c]ta9  
horrors aft] dea?1 ! b>e sugge/ion ( :i*
 seem$ an outrage on ! dignity ( !      

philosophical "*4 ,?is 0 q en\gh =      
hatr$2 & ! philosoph]s1 z _! eyes began 
to op51 saw t ,cresc5s & ,celsus 7 "r1 &
 accord$ _! hatr$ mo/ freely & he>tily4 
,b ,*ri/ianity did n /op "h4 ,) ! old   
orig9al s*ools & _! (f%oots x 0 a       
recogniz$ pr9ciple t philosophy 0 only =
 philosoph]s2 & ?is 0 especially true ( 
,clem5t's mo/ influ5tial contempor>ies1 
! ,neo-,platoni/s4 ,! vulg> _h no "p 9  
x1 9 fact c\ld n come )9 ! sph]e ( its  
influ5ce2 h[ c\ld !y8 ,h[ c\ld !        
sailors1 :o1 aft] a voyage1 w5t to pay  
_! v[s 9 ! temple ( ,neptune on ! quay1 
or ! port]s :o dragg$ ! gra9 sacks & !  
hemp bundles f ! tall w>eh\ses to !     
holds ( ,syrian & ,greek m]*antm51 or ! 
negro slaves :o fann$ ! br[s ( ! =eign  
pr9ce1 or ! armor]s ( ! ,jews' qu>t]1 or
 ! d>k-sk9n$1 bright-ey$ ,egyptian wom5 
( ! ,rhacotis suspect$ ( all evil f     
?iev+ to sorc]y1 or1 m ?an all1 ! drunk5
 revell]s & poor h>lots :o made night   
hide\s :5 ! ,egyptian moon look$ d[n on 
! palaces ( ! ,bru*eion--h[ c\ld any (  

^! f9d access to ! sublime secrets (    
,plato or ! pr(\nd comm5t>ies ( 8       
disciples8 ,ev5 if !y _h come 9 cr[ds to
 ! lecture-halls--:i* no "o want$ !m to 
d1 or suppos$ !y w\ld d--!y c\ld n h be5
 admitt$ nor ent]ta9$2 = ev5 ! hone/    
occupations ( life1 ! daily labors      
necess>y 9 a city ( #cjj1jjj freem51 7  
incompatible ) imbib+ ! div9e _s (      
philosophy4 ,s ! philosoph]s _h no?+ to 
say to all ^!4 ,if !y _h be5 ask$ :at   
w\ld become ( su* poor work]s & s9n]s1  
!y w\ld probably h avoid$ an answ] z be/
 !y c\ld4 ,!re 7 ! temples & ,s]apis &  
,isis & ! prie/s--!y might g to !m4 ,x 0
 c]ta9 t philosophy 0 n meant = ! vulg>4
 ,9 fact1 philosophy w\ld be unwor?y ( a
 habitation l ! ,museum--w\ld des]ve to 
h its p5sions /opp$1 its common hall    
aboli%$1 & its lecture-rooms %ut up--if 
ev] x %\ld condesc5d to /ep into !      
/reets & speak to ! h]d4 ,x 01 !re=e1 ) 
a disgu/ unspeakable1 & a swiftly-rip5+ 
hatr$1 t ! philosoph]s saw ,*ri/ianity  
op5ly proclaim+ & practis+ ! v opposite 

( all ?is4 ,true1 x _h le>n$ m5 &       
respect$ m5 9 its ranks1 b x l\dly      
decl>$ t its mission 0 to ! l[ly1 & !   
mean1 & ! degrad$1 q z mu* z to ! noble1
 & ! ri*1 & ! virtu\s4 ,x ma9ta9$ t !   
true div9e philosophy1 ! s\rce ( joy = !
 pres5t & hope = ! future1 0 z mu* 9 !  
p[] ( ! despis$ bondsman1 trembl+ "u !  
la%1 z ( ! pr9ce-gov]nor1 or ! ,caes>   
himself1 haughtily wield+ ! insignia (  
sov]eignty4 ,we "k :at its pret5sions & 
t5ets 71 b x is difficult to realize h[ 
!y mu/ h cla%$ ) ! notions (            
intellectual paganism 9 ! city (        
,plot9us--h[ ! h&s t w\ld h be5 gladly  
held out 9 fri5d%ip1 _h x come 9        
respectable #di & conv5tional guise1 7  
%ut & cl5*$1 :5 !y saw 9 its tra9 ! r\gh
 me*anic1 ! poor maid-s]vant1 ! negro1 &
 ! h>lot4 ,!re c\ld be no compromise    
betwe5 two sy/ems su* z ^!4 ,= a "t x   
might h seem$ z if !y c\ld decide _!    
qu>rel 9 ! s*ools1 b ! old ,s]p5t & 8   
*ief ag5ts knew bett]3 & s did ,clem5t &
 ! ,*ri/ian doctors1 at ! v "t t !y 7   

tak+ advantage ( fair wea!r to occupy e 
really /rong position :i* ! enemy held4 
,! /ruggle soon grew into ! deadly      
h&-to-h& grapple t end$ 9 leav+ ! corpse
 ( paganism on ! gr\nd1 dead b n buri$1 
to be gradually trodd5 out ( sight by a 
new ord] ( ?+s4   ,x mu/ n1 h[ev]1 be   
suppos$ t ! ,*ri/ian s*ool ( ,alex&ria 0
 :olly1 or ev5 *iefly1 employ$ 9        
controv]sy ) ! s*ools ( ! hea!n4 ,! fir/
 c>e ( ! ,*ur* 01 z at all times1 !     
h\sehold ( ! fai?3 a c>e1 h[ev]1 9 !    
fulfilm5t ( :i* !re is less t /rikes z  
novel or int]e/+ at fir/ sight ?an 9 t  
rem>kable aggressive movem5t ( :i* x has
 be5 our object to give "s idea4 ,b ev5 
9 ! ,*ur*'s h\sehold work+ !re is mu* t 
is bo? in/ructive & int]e/+1 z we get a 
glimpse ( x 9 ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria4 ,!   
,*ur* 9 ,alex&ria1 z else:]e1 0 made up 
( m5 f e lot & condition ( life4 ,!re 7 
(ficials1 civil & milit>y1 m]*ants1     
%op-keep]s1 "w-p--pla91 h>d-/riv+ m51   
husb&s1 & fa!rs ( families4 ,9 ! wake ( 
! upp] ?\s&s foll[$ a long & wide       

tra9--! multitude :o compose ! middle   
classes ( a great city2 & x 0 f _! ranks
 t ! ,*ur* 0 ma9ly recruit$4 ,!y might n
 feel mu* int]e/ 9 ! univ]sity1 beyond !
 fact t its num]\s & weal?y /ud5ts 7 a  
welcome /imulus to trade2 b /ill !y _h  
moral & intellectual natures4 ,!y mu/ h 
crav$ = "s k9d ( food = _! m9ds & he>ts1
 & _c h be5 satisfi$ ) ! dry1 unn\ri%+  
scraps t 7 flung to !m by ! sup]cili\s  
philosoph]s4 ,!y mu/ h felt no small    
cont5t--^? among !m :o _h ! grace to    
he>k5 to ! tea*+s ( ,clem5t--:5 he told 
!m t ! philosophy he taught 0 z mu* = !m
 z = _! ma/]s & _! bett]s4 ,!y li/5$ to 
him1 weigh$ 8 words1 & accept$ !m2 & !n 
a great "q arose4 ,x 0 a "q t 0 be+     
debat$ & settl$ at ,antio*1 at ,rome1 & 
at ,a!ns1 no less ?an at ,alex&ria2 b at
 ,alex&ria x 0 ,clem5t :o answ]$ x4 ,we 
believe y\r good tid+s1 !y said2 b tell 
u1 mu/ we *ange our lives :olly &       
entirely8 ,is ev]y?+ t we h be5 do+ s   
f>1 & our fa!rs h be5 do+ be=e u1       
mis]ably & radically wrong8 ,!y _h b\ght

 & sold2 !y _h m>ri$ & giv5 9 m>riage2  
!y _h fill$ _! w>eh\ses & freight$ _!   
%ips2 !y _h plant$ & build$1 & br\ght up
 _! sons & daught]s4 ,!y _h lov$ money1 
& ! praise ( _! fell[-m52 !y _h _!      
fa%ions & _! cu/oms1 old & "t-honor$1 & 
s int]wov5 ) _! v life z to be almo/    
id5tifi$ ) x4 ,"s ( _! notions &        
practices ! b>e ann\ncem5t ( ! ,gospel  
suffici5tly condemn$2 & ^! mu/ g at     
once4 ,b :]e 0 ! l9e to be drawn8 ,did !
 ,gospel aim at reg5]at+ ! _w by =bidd+ 
m>riage & lay+ a ban on human labor2 by 
mak+ life intol]able ) asceticism2 by   
empty+ ! /reets & ! m>ket-places1 &     
driv+ m5 to ,nitria & ! frightful rocks 
( ! ,upp] ,nile8 ,& :at made ! "q d\bly 
excit+ 0 ! two-fold fact1 fir/1 t 9 ^? v
 days m5 & wom5 7 cont9ually flee+ f    
home & family1 & hid+1 9 ! des]t2 &     
secondly1 t !re 7 9 t v city            
congregations ( #ej m5 call+ !mselves   
,*ri/ians1 :o proclaim$ t x 0 wrong to  
m>ry1 & t fle%-meat & w9e 7 s9ful       
indulg5ces4  ,! answ] t ,clem5t gave to 

^! que/ion+s is f\nd ma9ly 9 t "w ( 8   
:i* is call$ ,pa$agogus1 or ,! ,tea*]4  
,! answ] ne$$ 0 a %>p1 a %ort1 & a      
decisive "o4 ,x ne$$ to be l a surgical 
op]ation--rapidly p]=m$1 complet$1 )    
no?+ fur!r to be done b to fa/5 !       
b&ages1 & leave ! pati5t to !           
consequ5ces1 :atev] !y might be4        
,society _h to be reset4 ,we ne$ n      
repeat = ! ?\s&? "t ! fact ( !          
unutt]able corruptness & rott5ness ( !  
:ole pagan _w4 ,x 0 n t !re 7 want+     
c]ta9 true ideas ( duty t[>d ! /ate1 !  
family1 ! fell[-citiz53 ! evil lay f>   
deep]4 ,x 0 n good s5se t 0 want+2 x 0 !
 s5se ( ! sup]natural4 ,let u eat &     
dr9k1 = to-morr[ we die1 0 ! =mula t    
express$ ! code ( popul> morality2 &    
because m5 c\ld n eat & dr9k com=tably &
 luxuri\sly )\t "s sort ( law1 ord]1 &  
mutual compact1 x foll[$ z a necess>y   
consequ5ce t !re mu/ be law1 ord]1 &    
compact4 ,x 0 n1 !re=e1 t ,clem5t _h    
m]ely to hold up ! ,gospel & %[ !m its  
mean+ "h & its application !re4 ,he _h  

to %ift ! v gr\ndwork ( morality1 to    
take up ! v f\ndations ( ! moral acts t 
g to make up life z view$ 9 ! light ( "r
 & wrong4 ,he _h to sub/itute heav5 =   
e>?1 h]eaft] = "h1 ,god = self4 ,& he   
did s--9 a fa%ion n unkn[n 9 ! ,ca?olic 
,*ur* s9ce1 z inde$ x _h be5 n unkn[n to
 ,/4 ,paul long be=e4 ,he simply held up
 to !m ! crucifix4 ,let any "o turn to !
 comm5cem5t ( ! ,pa$agogus1 & he w f9d a
 description ( :at a tea*] ought to be4 
,at ! beg9n+ ( ! second *apt] he w read 
^! words3 ,my *ildr51 our tea*] is l !  
,fa!r1 ^: ,son he is2 9 :om !re is no   
s91 great or small1 nor any temptation  
to s92 ,god 9 ! figure ( a man1 /a9less1
 ob$i5t to 8 ,fa!r's w2 ! ,^w1 true     
,god1 :o is 9 ! ,fa!r1 :o is at !       
,fa!r's "r h&1 true ,god 9 ! =m ( a man2
 to :om we mu/ /rive ) all our might to 
make ourselves l4 ,x s\nds l !          
comm5cem5t ( a *ildr5's retreat 9 "o (  
our mod]n cities to he> ,clem5t proclaim
 s anxi\sly t ! tea*] & model ( m5 is no
 o!r ?an ,jesus1 & t we mu/ all become  

*ildr51 & g & li/5 to him & /udy him2   
yet x is a s5t5ce t mu/ h spok5 to ! v  
inmo/ he>ts ( all :o _h a ?\ght or c>e =
 _! s\ls 9 ,alex&ria2 & "o c p]ceive1 9 
! t]ms us$ 9 ! orig9al ,greek1 a        
consci\s adaptation ( epi!ts to meet m  
?an "o ,platonic difficulty4 ,x 0 !     
reconciliation ( ! true ) ! beautiful4  
,! ,alex&rians1 ,greek & ,egyptian1 ) _!
 ,greek long+s = ! beautiful1 & _!      
,egyptian t5d+s to ! s5sible1 7 n put (f
 by ,clem5t ) a cold ab/raction4 ,a     
ma!matical deity1 =m$ out ( l9es1       
relations1 & analogies1 su* z           
,neo-,platonism (f]$1 0 well en\gh = !  
lecture-room1 b _h small hold ^u ! he>t4
 ,*ri/ianity re/or$ ! ?rill+ s5se ( a   
p]sonal ,god1 :i* ,neo-,platonism       
de/roy$1 b = :i* m5 /ill sigh$1 ?\gh !y 
knew n :at !y 7 sigh+ =2 & ,*ri/ianity1 
by ,clem5t's m\?1 taught t ! liv+ &     
lovely life ( ,jesus 0 to be ! end & !  
measure ( ! life ( all4 ,!y 7 to foll[  
him3 ,my angel %all walk be=e y1 is     
,clem5t's own quotation4 ,& hav+ ?us    

laid d[n ! reg5]at+ pr9ciple--,god ?r\gh
 ,jesus ,*ri/--he desc5ds safely &      
fe>lessly into details4 ,m9utely &      
c>efully he h&les ! problems ( life1 &  
sets !m /raight by ! light ( ! life (   
,jesus4  ,^! details & ^! directions1   
#ea z left to u by ,clem5t 9 !          
,pa$agogus1 are only :at we might       
anticipate f a ,*ri/ian tea*] to 8      
flock2 & yet !y are v int]e/+1 &        
disclose _m facts t are full ( sugge/ion
 to "o :o reads by ! light ( ! ,ca?olic 
fai?4 ,:o w\ld n l to he> :at ,clem5t   
said to ! ,*ur* ( ,alex&ria ab\t dress1 
beauty1 fea/+1 dr9k+1 furniture1        
conv]sation1 money1 !atres1 sleep1      
labor1 & h\sekeep+8 ,we "k well t !re   
mu/ h be5 ample scope = disc\rse on all 
^! topics4 ,! ri* ,alex&rians1 l ! ri*  
,romans1 & ! ri* ,cor9?ians1 & ! ri*    
ev]y:]e1 7 fe>fully addict$ to luxury1 &
 _! poor] neighbors foll[$ _! example z 
well z !y c\ld4 ,b !re 7 circum/ances   
peculi> to ,alex&ria t enabl$ x to outdo
 ! re/ ( ! _w 9 ?is matt]2 putt+ ,rome1 

( c\rse1 out ( ! "q4 ,x 0 ! m>ket =     
,india2 & see+ t almo/ ev]y?+ 9 ! way ( 
app>el came f ,india1 ,alex&ria _h !    
pick ( ! be/ t ! _w c\ld af=d1 & seems n
 to h be5 beh9dh& 9 tak+ advantage ( its
 privilege4 ,nobody enjoy$ m ?an !      
,alex&rian-- :e!r he 7 a desc5dant ( !  
,mac$onian :o came 9 ) ! ,conqu]or1 or a
 p>v5u ( ye/]day gr[n great by 8        
:eat-%ips or 8 silk-bales--to sweep !   
,hepta/adion1 or prom5ade ! ,great      
,quay1 or l\nge 9 ! g>d5s ( ! ,museum1 9
 :at anci5t tailors & mill9]s w\ld call 
a syn!sis ( g>m5ts1 z ample1 & /iff1 &  
brilliant z ,indian looms c\ld make !m4 
,!n1 aga91 ,alex&ria 0 a univ]sity t[n4 
,two hundr$ ye>s ( effem9ate ,ptolemies 
& f\r hundr$ ( weal?y /ud5ts _h be5 m   
?an en\gh to create a tradition ( high1 
luxuri\s liv+4 ,! conjunction ( all t 0 
to be got = money1 ) any am\nt ( money  
to get x )1 _h made ,alex&ria a model   
city = c>ry+ out ! only maxim :i* !     
great] numb] ev5 ( ! philosoph]s        
!mselves really und]/ood & practically  

foll[$3 ,let u eat & dr9k6 ,aga91 a     
navigable riv]1 a ra9less sky1 & a      
climate p]haps ! f9e/ 9 ! _w1 (f]$ bo?  
inducem5ts & facilities = p>ties (      
pleasure & conviviality 9 g5]al4 ,x is  
true ! riv] 0 only a canal3 "o ?+ 0     
want+ to ! p]fection ( ,alex&ria z a    
site = an empire city1 viz41 ! ,nile2 b 
t ! canal 0 a mod]ate success 9 ! eyes (
 ! ,alex&rians may be inf]r$ f ! fact t 
,canopus1 :]e x f9i%$ its %ort c\rse (  
?irte5 or f\rte5 miles1 & jo9$ ! ,nile1 
0 a p]fect city ( riv]-side hotels1 to  
:i* ! boats br\ght e day cr[ds (        
pleasure-seek]s4 ,v gay 7 ! silk5 &     
gild$ boats1 ) _! pleasant canopies &   
soo?+ music2 & v gay & brilliant1 b n v 
reputable1 7 ! gr\ps t fill$ !m1 ) _!   
cr[ns ( fl[]s1 _! ,grecian attitud9iz+1 
& _! +5i\s arrangem5ts ( fan-work+      
slaves4 ,?is 0 ! population :i* x 0     
,clem5t's "w to conv]t to purity &      
mod]ation4  ,x is v common ) ,clem5t's  
mod]n critics1 :5 mak+ :at our ,fr5*    
allies w\ld call an appreciation him1 to

 set him d[n z a solemn trifl]4 ,!y     
compla9 t !y _c get any sy/em ( !ology  
out ( 8 writ+s2 inde$1 !y d\bt :e!r he s
 mu* z _h "o4 ,!y f9d him use ! t]m fai?
 fir/ 9 "o s5se & !n 9 ano!r1 & !y are  
especially (f5d$ by 8 m9ute in/ructions 
on c]ta9 matt]s p]ta9+ to meat1 dr9k1 & 
dress4 ,to any "o :o consid]s :at       
,clem5t int5d$ to d 9 8 writ+s1 &       
especially 9 ! ,pa$agogus1 !re is no    
difficulty 9 see+ an answ] to a         
difficulty l ?is4 ,he did n mean to     
con/ruct a sy/em ( !ology1 & !re=e x is 
no wond] if 8 critics _c f9d "o4 ,he did
 n ev5 mean to /ate ! broad1 g5]al      
pr9ciples ( ! ,gospel3 8 he>]s knew ^!  
well en\gh4 ,:at he did mean to d 01 #eb
 to apply ^! g5]al rules & pr9ciples to 
a v>iety ( cases occurr+ 9 ev]yday life4
 ,& yet1 z a matt] ( fact1 x is to be   
obs]v$ t he always does lay d[n broad   
pr9ciples be=e ent]+ into details4 ,9 ! 
matt] ( eat+1 = in/ance1 reg>d+ :i* he  
is v sev]e 9 8 d5unciations1 & n )\t    
reason1 he takes c>e to /ate di/9ctly ! 

great ,ca?olic canon ( mortification3   
,?\gh all ?+s 7 made = man1 yet x is n  
good to use all1 nor at all times4      
,aga91 9 ! mid/ ( 8 contemptu\s         
enum]ation ( anci5t w9es1 he does n =get
 to say1 ,y are n robb$ ( y\r dr9k3 x is
 giv5 to y1 & awaits y\r h&2 t :i* is   
blam$ is excess4 ,he sums up :at he has 
be5 say+ aga9/ ! voluptu\s ent]ta9m5ts  
!n s univ]sal by ! foll[+ s5t5ce--a     
novelty1 surely1 to bo? extremes ( pagan
 society 9 ,alex&ria--,9 "o ^w1 :atev]  
is natural to man mu/ n be tak5 f him2  
b1 in/ead !re(1 mu/ be regulat$ accord+ 
to fitt+ measure & "t4  ,9 decid+ :e!r  
,clem5t 0 a solemn trifl]1 or n1 !re is 
ano!r consid]ation :i* mu/ n be omitt$1 
& t is 8 s5se ( ! humor\s4 ,x may s\nd  
incongru\s :5 speak+ ( a ,fa!r ( !      
,*ur*1 & mu* m ( a reput$ my/ical ,fa!r 
l ,clem5t1 b we ?9k no "o c d5y t he (t5
 supplem5ts a s]i\s argum5t by a little 
/roke ( pleasantry4 ,z _m ( 8 s5t5ces   
/&1 a look or a smile w\ld light5 !m up 
& make !m sp>kle into humor4 ,pap] & ink

 _c c>ry ! tone ( ! voice or ! glance ( 
! eye1 & ,clem5t's voice has be5 sil5t &
 8 eye dimm$ = _m a c5tury2 b may we n  
imag9e t at times some?+ ( ar*ness 9 !  
tea*]'s mann] w\ld imp>t to 8 weighty   
words a t\* ( qua9tness1 & ! habitually 
?\ghtful eye tw9kle ) a gleam (         
pleasantry8 ,he w\ld be no true foll[] (
 ,plato if x 7 n s4 ,:o %all say he 0 n 
smil+ :5 he gave out t =mal li/ ( w9es1 
( eatables1 & ( sc5ts mo/ affect$ by !  
fa%ionables ( ^? days8 ,he concludes an 
invective aga9/ sc&al\s feats by        
condemn+ ! univ]sal cr[n ( roses z a    
nuisance3 x 0 damp1 x 0 cold2 x h9d]$ "o
 f us+ ei!r 8 eyes or 8 e>s prop]ly4 ,he
 advises 8 audi5ce to avoid mu* curi\s  
c>v+ & ornam5t+ ( b$-po/s2 = creep+ ?+s1
 he says1 h a habit ( mak+ !mselves at  
home 9 ! m\ld+s4 ,he asks if "o's h&s _c
 be z well wa%$ 9 a clay bas9 z 9 a     
silv] "o4 ,he wond]s h[ "o c d>e to put 
a pla9 little loaf on a gr& w+-foot$    
table4 ,he _c see :y a lamp ( e>!nw>e w 
n give z good a light z "o ( silv]4 ,he 

alludes ) disgu/ to hiss+ fry+-pans1 to 
spoon & pe/le1 & ev5 to ! pack$ /oma*s (
 _! proprietors2 to ,sicilian lampreys1 
& ,attican eels2 %ell-fi% f ,capo di    
,f>o1 & ,ascrean beet f ! foot (        
,helicon2 mullet f ! ,gulf ( ,!rmae1 &  
pheasants f ! ,crimea4 ,we he> him      
contemptu\sly repeat ! phrases (        
connoisseurs ab\t _! w9es1 ! />tl+      
v>iety ( :i* we "k f o!r s\rces besides 
8 writ+s3 he speaks ( ! sc5t$ ,?asian1 !
 aromatic ,lesbian1 ! sweet w9e (       
,crete1 ! pleasant ,syracusan4 ,!       
articles ( plate :i* he enum]ates to    
condemn w\ld be m ?an suffici5t to      
furni% out a mod]n w$d+ breakfa/4 ,to   
sc5ts he gives no qu>t]4 ,we h he>d a   
di/+ui%$ pr(essor ( *emi/ry ass]t1 9 a  
lecture1 t :]ev] !re is sc5t on !       
surface !re is sure to be dirt b5ea?2 &1
 f ! well-kn[n fact t 9 ,capua !re 0 "o 
:ole /reet occupi$ by p]fum]s1 he c\ld  
draw no o!r inf]5ce ?an t ,capua mu/ h  
be5 a v dirty city4 ,x w\ld appe> t     
,clem5t ( ,alex&ria 0 mu* ( ?is op9ion4 

,he gives a picture ( a pomp\s #ec      
p]sonage 9 a procession1 go+ along      
m>vell\sly sc5t$1 = ! purpose ( produc+ 
a s5sation1 & yet und]nea? z f\l z he   
c\ld be4 ,he enum]ates ! absurd v>ieties
 ( o9tm5ts 9 fa%ion1 & ord]s !m to be   
?r[n away4 ,he is indignant at !        
saffron-color$ sc5t$ robe t ! g5tlem5   
wore4 ,he w h no fl[+ or trail+ ve/m5ts2
 no ,attic busk9s1 no ,p]sian s&als4 ,he
 compla9s t ! ladies g & sp5d ! :ole day
 at ! p]fum]'s1 ! goldsmi?'s1 & !       
mill9]'s1 j z if he 7 speak+ ( %opp+ 9 !
 n9ete5? c5tury1 in/ead ( ,a4,d4 #bjj4  
,he blames ! m5 = frequ5t+ ! b>b]s'     
%ops1 ! tav]ns1 & ! dic+-h\ses4 ,x is   
amus+ 9 ^! days to read ( 8 d5unciations
 ( %av+4 ,he has no pati5ce )           
hair-hat]s3 a man )\t ! hair t ,god gave
 him is a base sight4 ,god atta*$ su*   
importance to hair1 he says1 t he makes 
a man come to hair & s5se at ! same "t4 
,b1 9 reality1 ?is vehem5t attack on !  
smoo? m51 z he calls !m1 po9ts to "o ( !
 mo/ flagrant ( hea!n immoralities1 &   

reveals 9 ! context a /ate ( ?+s to :i* 
we may n d m ?an allude4 ,he condemns   
luxury 9 furniture1 f b$s ) silv] feet1 
made ( ivory & adorn$ ) gold &          
tortoise-%ell1 d[n to little            
table-dagg]s1 t anci5t ladies & g5tlem5 
us$ indiff]5tly to _! food & to _!      
slaves4 ,all ?is is n v deep1 b x is j  
:at ,clem5t want$ to say1 & a great deal
 m useful 9 its place & connection ?an a
 sy/em ( !ology4 ,we may add t x is a   
great deal m int]e/+ to u1 :o "k pretty 
well :at ,clem5t's sy/em ( !ology 01 b n
 s well :at 7 ! faults & fail+s ( 8     
,*ri/ian m5 & wom5 9 ^? f>-(f ,alex&rian
 times4  ,!re is ano!r epi!t be/[$ ^u   
,clem5t1 m widely & ) bett] au?ority ?an
 t ( trifl]4 ,he is call$ a my/ic4 ,he  
deals 9 allegorical int]pretations (    
,holy ,scripture1 9 fanciful analogies1 
& :imsical reason+s2 he 0 c>ri$ away by 
! _s ( ,neo-,platonism1 & sub/itut$ a   
numb] ( idle my?s = ! /]n realities ( ! 
,gospel4 ,x is n our bus9ess at pres5t  
to %[1 by ref]5ces1 t ?is accusation is 

untrue2 b we may admit at once t x is n 
unf\nd$1 & we ma9ta9 t x po9ts to an    
excell5ce1 r ?an a defect1 9 8 tea*+4 ,f
 ! rem>ks made j n[1 ! read] w be prep>$
 to expect t a tea*] 9 ,alex&ria 9      
,clem5t's days mu/ h be5 a my/ic4 ,x 0  
simply ! fa%ion2 & a fa%ion1 9 ?\ght &  
spee*1 exacts a c]ta9 am\nt ( compliance
 f ^? :o ?9k or speak = ! good ( its    
foll[]s4 ,neo-,platonism 0 n extant 9 8 
"t z a def9ite sy/em1 b ev] s9ce ! days 
( ,philon its _s _h be5 ! _s ( !        
,museum4 ,nature1 9 its beauty & v>iety1
 0 an allegory ( ! s\l s said !         
philosoph]s1 & ! cr[d caught x up )     
eag]ness4 ,! natural philosoph] c\ld n  
lecture on ,ari/otle ,de ,animalibus )\t
 d$uc+ morals 9 ! /yle ( ,a,esop4 ,!    
morali/1 9 8 turn1 c\ld h>dly keep up 8 
class-li/ )\t embody+ 8 ,beautiful & 8  
,good 9 ! ae/hetical g>b ( a my?--! m l 
,plato1 ! bett]4 ,! ma!matician disc\rs$
 ( numb]s1 ( l9es1 & ( angles1 b !      
int]e/+ "p ( 8 lecture 0 :5 he drew !   
analogy f l9es & numb]s to ! s\l & to   

,god4 ,alex&ria lik$ allegory1 &        
believ$1 or ?\ght %e believ$1 t ! ,se5 0
 always a type ( ! ,unse54 ,su* a belief
 0 n unnatural1 & by no means hopelessly
 errone\s2 nay1 0 x n highly useful to a
 ,*ri/ian tea*]1 ) ! ,bible 9 8 h&1 9   
:i* he w\ld really h to %[ !m s _m ?+s1 
p] allegoriam dicta8 ,clem5t took up !  
accu/om$ tone4 ,_h he done o!rwise1 he  
w\ld h be5 /range & old-fa%ion$1 :]eas  
he #ed want$ to get ! e> ( 8 c\ntrym51 &
 !re=e ?\ght x no h>m to fall 9 ) _!    
humor = ! my?ical2 j z good ,fa!r ,fab] 
prea*$ & wrote l a mod]n ,engli%man1 & n
 l an antique ,d\ai controv]siali/1 or a
 well-mean+ translator ( ,s]mons f !    
,fr5*4 ,b1 say ! objectors1 ,clem5t's   
int]pretation ( ,scripture is s v =c$ & 
unnatural4 ,! :ole subject ( allegorical
 int]pretation ( ,sacr$ ,scripture is   
too wide to be ent]$ ^u "h2 b t !       
,bible1 especially ! ,old ,te/am5t1 has 
an allegorical s5se1 no "o d5ies1 & !   
decision ( :at is ! true allegorical    
s5se dep5ds m ^u ! au?ority ( ! tea*]   

?an ^u ! int]pretation itself4 ,9 ! "t (
 ,clem5t1 :5 ! ,gno/ics 7 attribut+ !   
,old ,te/am5t to ! ,evil ,pr9ciple1 !re 
0 a special necessity = a w>m & lov+    
ackn[l$gm5t t x 0 ! voice & ! tea*+ (   
,god to man2 & x is no wond]1 !re=e1 t  
he all[s himself1 ) ! brilliant fancy ( 
an ,a!nian1 ev5 if sometimes ) !        
fanta/icalness ( an ,alex&rian1 to      
extract mean+s out ( ! sacr$ text :i*   
our sob] eyes c\ld nev] h discov]$4 ,z x
 is1 we owe to 8 my/icism no small      
portion ( ! eloqu5ce & beauty ( 8       
writ+s2 we may in/ance t *>m+ passage 9 
! ,pa$agogus :]e he alludes to ! incid5t
 relat$ 9 ! tw5ty-six? *apt] (          
,g5esis--,abimele*1 ,k+ ( ! ,pale/9es1  
look+ out ?r\gh a w9d[1 saw ,isaac play+
 ) ,rebecca 8 wife4 ,isaac repres5ts1 ! 
little "o ( ,*ri/1 & is int]pret$ to be 
joy2 ,rebecca is pati5ce2 ! royal       
,abimele* signifies heav5ly wisdom4 ,!  
*ild ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 joyful ) a joy t   
none b t bless$ tea*] c give1 lov+ly    
sports ) 8 helpmate1 pati5ce1 & ! wisdom

 t is f above looks on & wond]+ly       
admires4 ,! beauty ( conception &       
p]fection ( =m t is insep>able f true   
,greek art1 :e!r 9 a /atue or a m$al1 an
 epic or an epigram1 is by no means     
want+ to ! fir/ ( ! ,greek ,fa!rs4 ,a   
read] :o %\ld take up ! ,pa$agogus = no 
o!r ?an lit]>y reasons w\ld n be        
disappo9t$2 he w\ld receive1 f 8 read+1 
a v high idea ( ! wisdom1 ! eloqu5ce1 &1
 above all1 ! sa9tly unction ( ! great  
,ca?olic doctor & philosoph] :o fir/    
made human sci5ce ! h&maid ( ,*ri/ian   
!ology4  ,! witness+ to ! tru? be=e     
hea!n philosoph]s & ! tea*+ ! *ildr5 ( !
 fai? might h fully employ$ bo? ! zeal &
 ! eloqu5ce ( ,clem5t4 ,b !re 0 ano!r & 
a sadd] use = words1 9 ! task ( resi/+ !
 h]esies t seem$ to gr[ l f\l           
excresc5ces f ! v gr[? ( ! ,*ur* h]self4
 ,alex&ria1 ! city ( ,neo-,platonism1 0 
also ) ne>ly z good a title ! city (    
,gno/icism4 ,to exam9e ! hi/ory (       
,gno/icism is n a tempt+ und]tak+4 ,on !
 "o side1 x is l walk+ into a fog1 z    

d5se & unpleasant z ev] m>k$ a ,london  
,novemb]2 on ! o!r1 x is to di/urb a    
moral cess-pool1 prov]bially bett] left 
alone4 ,( ! five gr\ps ( ! ,gno/ic      
family1 :i* seem to agree 9 little      
beside wor%ipp+ ! devil1 hold+ to       
emanations1 & ow+ _! orig9 to ,simon    
,magus1 ! p>ticul> gr\p t made ,alex&ria
 its headqu>t]s ackn[l$g$ z its lead+   
names ,basilides1 ,val5t9e1 & ,m>k1 ea* 
( :om outdid ! o!r 9 ! absurdity ( 8    
rav+s ab\t eons1 g5]ations1 & ! l1 & 9 !
 abom9abl5ess ( 8 practical             
lic5ti\sness4 ,val5t9e & ,m>k 7         
contempor>ies ( ,clem5t1 if n p]sonally 
7,val5t9e is said to h di$ ,a4,d4 #aej7 
at lea/ 9 _! imm$iate influ5ce4 ,no "o c
 tell satisfactorily :at made ^! preci\s
 foll[]s ( ,simon ,magus sp5d _! days 9 
pat*+ up second-h& sy/ems out ( ! rags (
 ca/-(f ,ori5tal my/icism4 ,no d\bt _!  
j>gon appe>$ some:at less #ee unnatural 
9 _! own days ?an x does 9 ours4 ,!y    
liv$ ne>] ! times :5 ! wrecks ( primeval
 revelation & hi/ory _h be5 wr\ght into 

a ?\s& fanta/ic %apes on ! banks ( !    
,indus1 ! ,euphrates1 & ! ,nile1 & :51 9
 ! abs5ce ( ! true light1 m5 occupi$    
!mselves ) ! !atrical illum9ations (    
,bel1 ,isis1 & ,vi%nu4 ,b ^! ,gno/ics1 9
 ! cle> dawn ( ! ,gospel1 /ill /uck to !
 fulsome prop]ties ( ! devil's          
play-h\se4 ,unsavory & di%one/1 !y      
des]ve nei!r respect = s9c]ity nor      
all[ance = orig9ality2 !y 7 m]e sp9n]s (
 endless g5ealogies1 &1 ) su* a fig-leaf
 apron1 !y tri$ to conceal = a :ile !   
rankness ( ! fle% t f9ally made ! v     
pagans jo9 9 h\nd+ !m f ! e>?4 ,!       
infam\s ,m>k 0 hold+ 8 conv5ticles 9    
,alex&ria ab\t ! v "t t ,panta5us &     
,clem5t 7 tea*+4 ,to read ( 8 high-fl[n 
!ories ab\t eons & emanations1 8 %am    
magic1 8 famili>ity ) demons1 8         
impositions on ! weak] sex1 & !         
frightful lic5ti\sness t 0 ! sure end ( 
x all1 is l read+ ! hi/ory ( ! do+s ( ! 
,egyptian prie/s 9 ! ,s]apeion r ?an (  
^? :o call$ !mselves ,*ri/ians4 ,& yet  
^! v m51 ^! delud$ ,m>cosians1 gave out 

to le>n$ & unle>n$ ,alex&ria t !y alone 
7 ! true foll[]s ( ,*ri/4 ,we may       
conceive ! he>t-break+ "w x w\ld be =   
,clem5t to repel ! taunts t _! do+s     
br\ght ^u 8 "n & pr(ession1 & to refute 
& keep d[n false bre?r51 ^: argum5ts &  
/r5g? consi/$ 9 an appeal to curiosity &
 brute passion4 ,& yet h[ nobly he does 
x1 9 t picture ( ! true ,gno/ic1 or     
,kn[]1 to :i* he s (t5 returns 9 all 8  
extant works6  ,b philosoph]s1 fai?ful1 
& h]etics d n exhau/ ! /ory ( ,clem5t's 
do+s4 ,x l5ds a solemn light to !       
memorable hi/ory we are not+1 to be> 9  
m9d t ! ,*ur*'s intellectual w> )       
,neo-,platoni/ & ,gno/ic 0 ev] & aga9   
int]rupt$ by ! yells ( ! blood-?ir/y    
populace1 ! dragg+ ( confessors to      
prison1 & all ! hide\s app>atus (       
p]secution4 ,:i* ( u w\ld h _h he>t to  
argue ) m5 :o might next day deliv] u to
 ! hangman8 ,:o w\ld h f\nd leisure to  
write books on ab/ract philosophy ) su* 
/]n concrete realities z ! sc\rge & !   
knife wait+ = him 9 ! /reet8 ,clem5t's  

ma/] began to tea* j z "o p]secution 0  
ceas+2 ,clem5t himself _h to flee f 8   
s*ools be=e ! burd5 & heat ( ano!r2 ^! 7
 n times1 "o w\ld suppose1 = sci5ce &   
ord]ly tea*+4 ,yet our own ,engli%      
,ca?olic annals c1 9 a mann]1 furni%    
p>allel cases 9 m ?an "o solid book (   
controv]sy & deep ascetical tract1 ?\ght
 out & compos$ :5 ! pursuivants 7 almo/ 
at ! doors4 ,s true x is t :5 ! ,*ur*'s 
"w dem&s sci5tific & writt5 tea*+1      
sci5ce appe>s & books are writt51 ?\gh !
 ,g5tiles are rag+ & ! peoples imag9+ _!
 va9 ?+s4  ,"h1 = ! pres5t1 we draw to a
 close ^! desultory notes on ! ,*ri/ian 
,s*ools ( ,alex&ria4 ,!y w h s]v$ _!    
purpose if !y h b suppli$ an outl9e ( t 
busy intellectual life :i* is associat$ 
) ! names ( ,panta5us & ,clem5t4 ,!re is
 ano!r "n t ought to foll[ ^! two--! "n 
( ,orig51 sugge/+ ano!r *apt] on ,*ur*  
hi/ory t %\ld yield to none 9 int]e/ &  
usefulness4 ,! m]e fact t 9 old         
,alex&ria1 9 ! face ( ho/ile sci5ce1    
clogg$ & put to %ame by pe/il5t h]esies1

 ru?lessly *as$ out ( sight ev] & aga9  
by brute =ce-- 9 spite ( all ?is1       
,ca?olic sci5ce won respect f its       
enemies )\t = a mom5t neglect+ ! int]e/s
 ( its own *ildr51 is a tea*+ t w nev]  
be out ( date1 & lea/ ( all at a "t l   
ours1 & 9 a c\ntry :]e le>n+ #ef sne]s  
at revelation1 :]e a ?\s& j>r+ sects    
invoke ! sacr$ "n ( ,*ri/1 & :]e public 
op9ion--! brute =ce ( ! mod]n _w1 z !   
rack & ! fagot 7 ( ! anci5t--nev] h[ls s
 l\dly z :5 x cat*es sight ( ! "o true  
,*ur* ( ! liv+ & et]nal ,god4    ----   
,f ,! ,lamp4  ,,jem ,m',,g[an',s ,,wi%4 
,i wi% ,i 7 a "l1 said ,pat ,m',g[an1 a 
lazy "y fell[1 z he /ret*$ ov] 8        
gr&mo!r's turf-fire a pair ( brawny fi/s
 t 7 z r$ z ! blaze t w>m$ !m4  ,y wi%  
to be a "l6 answ]$ ,granny ,m',g[an2 oh1
 !n1 a mighty qu>e "l y w\ld make2 b1 z 
long z y live1 ,pat1 nev] wi% aga92 = :o
 kn[s b y might wi% 9 ! unlucky m9ute1 &
 t x w\ld be grant$ to y8  ,faix1 !n1   
granny1 ,i j wi% ,i c\ld h my wi% ?is   
m9ute4  ,y're a fool1 ,pat1 & h no m    

s5se 9 y\r head ?an a crack$ egg has a  
*ance ( a *ick5 inside ( x4 ,maybe y'd  
nev] cease rep5t+ ( y\r wi% if y got x4 
,maybe s1 granny1 b = all t ,i'd l to be
 a "l4 ,tell me1 granny1 :5 does !      
unlucky m9ute come t a body may get _!  
wi%8  ,:y1 y see1 ,pat1 !re is "o       
p>ticul> little bit ( a m9ute ( "t 9 e  
tw5ty-f\r h\rs t1 if a mortal creature  
has ! unlucky *ance to wi% on t in/ant1 
8 wi%1 :e!r = good or = bad1 = life or  
dea?1 =tune or mis=tune1 sickness or    
heal?1 = himself or = o!rs1 ! wi% is    
grant$ to him2 b seldom does x turn out 
= good to ! wi%]1 because x %[s he is n 
satisfi$ ) 8 lot1 & x is contr>y to :at 
,god 9 8 goodness has laid d[n = u all  
to d & suff] = 8 sake4 ,b1 ,pat1 y      
blackgu>d1 ,i see y are laugh+ at y\r   
old granny because y ?9k ,i am go+ to   
prea* a s]mon to y2 b y're mi/ak54 ,i'll
 tell y :at happ5$ to an uncle ( my own1
 ,jem ,m',g[an1 :o got 8 wi% :5 he ask$ 
= x4  ,got 8 wi%--oh1 ! lucky old fell[6
 cri$ ,pat4 ,d1 granny1 tell me all ab\t

 him4 ,got 8 wi%6 oh1 h[ ,i wi% ,i 0 a  
"l6  ,li/5 to me1 ,pat1 & don't be gett+
 on ) any ( y\r fooli% nons5se4 ,my     
uncle1 ,jem ,m',g[an1 0 !n some?+ l     
y\rself1 ,pat-- a /rapp+1 able *ap1 b "o
 t1 l y too1 w\ld soon] be scor*+ 8 %9s 
ov] ! fire ?an cutt+ ! turf to make x1 &
 r wat*+ ! potatoes boil+ ?an digg+ !m  
out ( ! ridge4 ,in/ead ( work+ = a new  
coat1 he w\ld be wi%+ "s "o gave x to   
him4 ,:5 he got up 9 ! morn+1 he wi%$ = 
8 breakfa/2 & :5 he _h swall[$ x1 he    
wi%$ = 8 d9n]2 & :5 he _h bolt$ d[n 8   
d9n]1 he began to wi% = 8 supp]2 & :5 he
 ate 8 supp]1 he wi%$ to be 9 b$2 & :5  
he 0 9 b$1 he wi%$ to be asleep--9 fact1
 he did no?+ f morn+ to night b wi%1 &  
ev5 9 8 dreams ,i am q sure he wi%$ to  
be awake4 ,unlucky = ,jem1 8 cab9 0     
conv5i5t to ! great big h\se ( ,squire  
,kavanagh2 & :5 ,jem w5t out 9 ! morn+1 
%iv]+ ) cold1 & wi%+ = a glass ( :isky  
to put spirits 9 him1 & he saw ! b$room 
w9d[s ( ,squire ,kavanagh clos$1 & knew 
t ! squire 0 ly+ w>m & snug inside1 he  

always wi%$ to be ,squire ,kavanagh4    
,!n1 :5 he saw ! #eg squire driv+ !     
horse & ! h\nds be=e him1 & he all !    
:ile work+ 9 ! field1 he wi%$ x /ill m2 
& :5 he saw him danc+ ) ! beautiful "y  
ladies & illigant "y g5tlem5 9 !        
moonlight ( a summ]'s ev5+1 9 front ( 8 
f9e hall-door & "u ! %ade ( ! old       
oak-trees1 he wi%$ x m ?an ev]4 ,!      
squire 0 always com+ be=e him2 & s happy
 a man did he seem t ,jem 0 always say+ 
to himself1 ',i wi% ,i 0 ,squire        
,kavanagh1' f1 cockcr[ to sunset1 until 
he at la/ hit ^u ! un=tunate m9ute 9 !  
tw5ty-f\r h\rs :5 8 wi% 0 to be grant$4 
,he 0 j aft] eat+ 8 d9n] ( f9e1 mealy   
potatoes1 fre%-*urn$ butt]milk1 & pl5ty 
( salt & salt-butt] to reli% !m1 :5 he  
/ret*$ out 8 two legs1 ?rew up 8 arms1 &
 yawn$ out1 ',oh1 de>1 ,i wi% ,i 0      
,squire ,kavanagh6'  ,! words 7 sc>ce   
utt]$ :5 he f\nd himself1 /ill yawn+1 9 
! gr& p>lor ( ,kavanagh ,h\se1 sitt+    
opposite to a table laid out ) *9a1 & a 
table-clo?1 silv] =ks1 & no end ( silv] 

spoons1 & a ro>+ hot beef/eak be=e him4 
,jem rubb$ 8 eyes & !n 8 h&s ) joy1 &   
?\ght to himself1 ',by dad1 my wi% is   
grant$1 & ,i'll lay 9 pl5ty ( beef/eak  
fir/ ( all4' ,he began cutt+ away2 b1   
be=e he _h f9i%$1 he 0 int]rupt$ by "s p
 com+ 94 ,x 0 ,sir ,h>ry ,m',manus1     
,squire ,bri51 & two or ?ree o!r gr&    
g5tlem52 & says !y to him1 ',kavanagh1  
don't y "k ?is is ! day y're to decide  
y\r bet = five hundr$ p\nds1 t y w leap 
y\r horse ov] ! wide/ "p ( ! pond       
outside8'  ',is x me8 says ,jem4 ',:y1  
,i nev] leap$ a horse 9 my life6'       
',bo!r6' says "o2 'y're jok+4 ,y told u 
y\rself t y did x tw5ty times1 & !re's !
 ,engli% colonel t made ! bet ) y1 &    
he'll be say+1 if y don't d x1 t ! ,iri%
 are all bragg]s2 s1 my de> fell[1 x j  
comes to ?is--y mu/ ei!r leap ! pond or 
fight me2 =1 rely+ ^u y\r ^w1 ,i told ! 
colonel ,i saw y d x myself4'  ',i mu/  
fight y or leap ! pond1 is x8' answ]$   
,jem1 trembl+ f head to foot4           
',c]ta9ly1 my de> fell[1' repli$ ,sir   

,h>ry4 ',ei!r ,i mu/ %oot y or see y    
make ! leap2 s take y\r *oice4'  ',oh6  
!n1 br+ out ! horse1' :imp]$ ,jem1 :o 0 
beg9n+ to wi% he wasn't ,squire         
,kavanagh4  ,9 a m9ute aft]w>d1 ,jem    
f\nd himself out 9 ! lawn1 opposite a   
pond t appe>$ to him sixty feet wide at 
! lea/4 ',:y1' said he1 'y might z well 
ask me to jump ov] ! ocean1 or give a   
hop-/ep-&-a-leap f ,h[? to ,holyhead1 z 
get any horse to cross t lake ( a pond4'
  ',come1 ,kavanagh1' said ,sir ,h5ry1  
'no nons5se ) u4 ,we "k y c d x if y l2 
& n[ t y're 9 = x1 y mu/ f9i% x4'       
',faix1 y'll f9i% me1 ,i'm afe]d1' said 
,jem1 see+ !y 7 9 e>ne/ ) him2 'b :at w 
y d if ,i'm dr[n$8'  ',d8' says ,sir    
,h5ry4' ,oh1 make y\rself aisy on t     
acc\nt4 ,y %all h ! gr&e/ wake t ev] 0  
se5 9 ! c\ntry4 ,we'll bury y dac5tly1 &
 we'll all say t ! b\lde/ horseman n[ 9 
,irel& is ! late ,squire ,kavanagh4 ,if 
t doesn't satisfy y1 !re's no pleas+ y2 
s br+ out ! horse imm$iately4'  ',oh6   
murd]1 murd]6 says ,jem to himself2     

'isn't ?is a purty ?+1 t ,i mu/ be dr[n$
 to make a great "* = a little spalpe5 l
 ,squire ,kavanagh8 ,oh1 !n1 x's ,i t   
wi% ,i 0 ,jem ,m',g[an aga96 ,go+ to be 
dr[n$ l a rat1 or smo!r$ l a bl9d kitt56
 & all = a vagabond ,i don't c>e a /raw 
ab\t4 ,i1 t nev] 0 on a horse's back    
be=e1 to ?9k ( leap+ ov] an ocean6 ,bad 
cess to y1 ,squire ,kavanagh1 = y\r     
boa/9' & y\r wag]9'6'  #eh  ,well1 a    
f9e1 da%+1 jump+1 re>+1 great big gray  
horse 0 l$ up by two grooms to ,jem's   
side4 ',oh1 ! d>l+6' said ,sir ,h>ry2   
'!re he goes6 !re's ! boy t w w9 our    
bets = u6 ,clap him at once ^u ! horse's
 back1' says he to ! grooms4 ,! sight   
left ,jem's eyes ! v in/ant he saw !    
t]rible gray horse1 well kn[n z "o ( !  
mo/ vici\s ba/es 9 ! entire c\ntry4 ,if 
he c\ld1 he'd h run away1 b fright kept 
him /&+ /ock-/ill2 &1 be=e he knew :]e  
he 01 he 0 hoi/$ into ! saddle4 ',n[1   
boys1' ro>$ ,sir ,h>ry1 'give ! horse   
pl5ty :ip1 & my life = x he is ov] !    
pond4'  ,jem he>d two desp]ate sla%es   

made on ! flanks ( ! horse4 ,! creature 
rose on 8 f\r legs (f ! gr\nd1 & came   
d[n ) a soss t s5t ,jem up /raight f !  
saddle l a ball1 & d[n aga9 ) a crack   
fit to knock him into a hundr$ ?\s&     
pieces1 n "o ( !m bigg] ?an ! buttons ( 
8 wai/coat4 ',murd]6' he %riek$2 ',i wi%
 ,i 0 ,jem ,m',g[an back aga96' ,b !re 0
 no use 9 say+ ?is1 = he _h already got 
8 wi%4 ,! horse gallop$ away l lightn+4 
,he felt ris+ "o in/ant up z high z !   
cl\ds1 & ! next he came ) a plop into ! 
wat]1 l a /one t y w\ld make take a     
'dead man's dive4' ,he rememb]$ no m    
till he saw 8 two k9d fri5ds1 ,sir ,h>ry
 ,m',manus & ,squire ,bri51 hold+ him by
 ! two legs 9 ! air1 & ! wat] p\r+ f 8  
m\?1 nose1 & e /it* ( 8 clo!s1 z heavy &
 z con/ant z if x 0 fl[+ ?r\gh a sieve1 
or z if he 0 turn$ into a wat]+-pot4    
',i'm a dead man1' says he1 look+ up 9 !
 face ( 8 gr& fri5ds z well z he c\ld1 &
 kick+ at ! same "t to get loose f !m4  
',i'm a dead man2 &1 :at's worse1 ,i'm a
 murd]$ man by ! two ( y4'  ',b$ad1 y're

 any?+ b t1' said ,sir ,h>ry4 ',y're n[ 
! greate/ man 9 ! c\nty1 =1 ?\gh y fell 
into ! pond1 ! horse leapt x2 & ,i h won
 my bet1 = :i* ,i am extremely oblig$ to
 y4'  ,aft] %ak+ ! wat] out ( him1 !y   
laid him d[n on ! grass1 got a bottle ( 
:isky1 & gave him z mu* z he *ose ( x4  
,jem's spirits began to rise a little1 &
 he laugh$ he>tily :5 !y told him he _h 
won #ejj f ! ,engli% colonel4 ,jem got  
on 8 legs1 & 0 beg9n+ to walk ab\t1 :5  
:o %\ld he see com+ into ! demesne b two
 g5tlem5--"o dress$ l an (fic]1 ) "u 8  
arm a squ>e mahogany box1 ! o!r ) a     
great big horse:ip4 ,jem rubb$ 8 h&s )  
delight1 = he made sure t ! g5tleman :o 
c>ri$ ! box 0 go+ to make ,squire       
,kavanagh--t is1 himself--"s mighty f9e 
pres5t4  ',kavanagh1' said ,sir ,h>ry1  
'y w want "s "o to /& by y z a fri5d 9  
?is bus9ess2 w\ld y wi% me to be y\r    
fri5d8'  ',9 tro?1 ,i w\ld1' says ,jem4 
',i w\ld l y to act z a fri5d to me ^u  
all occasions4'  ',oh1 t's elegant6'    
said ,sir ,h>ry4 ',we'll n[ h r>e       

sport4'  ',i'm mighty glad to he> x1'   
,jem repli$1 '= ,i want a little sport  
aft] all ! tr\bles ,i _h4'  ',oh1 y're a
 brave fell[1' said ,sir ,h>ry4  ',to be
 sure ,i am1' answ]$ ,jem4 ',didn't ,i  
leap ! gray horse ov] ! big pond8'  ,!  
g5tleman ) ! box & :ip "h came up to    
,jem & 8 fri5ds2 & ! :ip-g5tleman took  
(f 8 hat1 & says he1 ',might ,i be aft] 
ask+ y1 is !re any "o ( ! pres5t company
 ,squire ,kavanagh8'  ,jem did n l !    
looks ( ! g5tleman1 & ,sir ,h>ry        
,m',manus /epp$ be=e him1 & said--',yes2
 he is "h to ! =e4 ,:at is y\r bus9ess )
 him8 ,i am act+ z 8 fri5d1 & ,i h a "r 
to ask ! "q4'  ',!n1 ,i'll tell ye :at x
 is1' said #ei ! g5tleman4 ',he insult$ 
my si/] at ! ,naas races ye/]day4'      
',faix1' says ,jem1 't's a lie6 ,sure1  
,i wasn't ne> ,naas races4'  ,! ^w 0    
h>dly out ( 8 m\? :5 he got a crack ( a 
horse:ip across ! face1 t cut1 he ?\ght1
 8 head 9 two4 ,he caught hold ( !      
g5tleman1 & tri$ to take ! :ip out ( 8  
h&2 b1 in/ead ( ! /r5g? ( ,jem ,m',g[an1

 he _h only ! weakness ( ,squire        
,kavanagh1 & he 0 9 an in/ant coll>$2 &1
 9 spite ( all 8 kick+ & ro>+1 la!r$ ) !
 big :ip f ! top ( 8 head to ! sole ( 8 
foot4 ,! g5tleman got at la/ a little   
tir$ ( beat+ him1 &1 fl++ him away f    
him1 said ',y & ,i are n[ quits ab\t !  
lie1 b y mu/ give me satisfaction =     
insult+ my si/]4'  ',satisfaction6' ro>$
 out ,jem1 z lie twi/$ & turn$ ab\t ) ! 
pa9 ( ! beat+4 ',b$ad1 ,i'll nev] be    
satisfi$ till e bone 9 y\r ugly body is 
brok54'  ',v well1' said ! g5tleman4    
',my fri5d1 ,capta9 ,m',g9nis1 is come  
prep>$ = ?is4'  ,^u t1 ,jem saw ! squ>e 
box op5$ t he ?\ght 0 fill$ ) a         
beautiful pres5t = him2 & he saw f\r    
ugly-look+ pi/ols ly+ beside ea* o!r1 & 
9 "o corn] ab\t two doz5 ( %9+ bran-new 
bullets4 ,jem's knees knock$ toge!r )   
fright :5 he saw ,capta9 ,m',g9nis &    
,sir ,h>ry prim+ & load+ ! pi/ols4      
',oh6 murd]1 murd]6 ?is is worse ?an !  
gray horse1' he said4 ',n[ ,i am q sure 
( be+ kill$ entirely4' ,s he caught hold

 ( ,sir ,h>ry by ! coat1 & /utt]$ out1  
99,oh1 !n1 :at 9 ! _w are ye go+ to d ) 
me8'  ',d8' repli$ 8 fri5d2 ':y1 y're   
go+ to /& a %ot1 to be sure4'  ',! devil
 a %ot ,i'll /&1' said ,jem4 ',i'll run 
away ?is m9ute4'  ',!n1 by my honor &   
v]acity1 if y d1' repli$ ,sir ,h>ry1    
',i'll /op y ) a bullet4 ,my honor is   
conc]n$ 9 ?is bus9ess4 ,y ask$ me to be 
y\r fri5d1 & ,i'll see y g ?r\gh x      
respectably4 ,y mu/ ei!r /& y\r gr\nd l 
a g5tleman1 or be %ot l a dog4'  ,jem   
he>tily wi%$ he 0 no long] ,squire      
,kavanagh2 & z !y dragg$ him up 9 front 
( ! g5tleman1 & plac$ !m ab\t eight y>ds
 asund]1 he ?\ght ( ! quiet1 easy life  
he l$ be=e he became a gr& g5tleman4 ,he
 nev] :ile a labor+ boy 0 duck$ 9 a     
pond1 or %ot l a wild duck4 ,b n[ he    
he>d some?+ said ab\t 'mak+ ready2' he  
saw ! g5tleman raise 8 pi/ol on a level 
) 8 head2 he tri$ to lift 8 arm1 b x    
/uck z fa/ by 8 side z if x 0 glu$ !re4 
,he saw ! wide m\? ( ! wick$ g5tleman's 
pi/ol op5$ at 8 v eye1 & look+ z if x 7 

pa/$ up to 8 face4 ,he c\ld ev5 see !   
lead5 bullet t 0 soon to g skelp9' ?r\gh
 8 bra9s6 ,he saw ! g5tleman's f+] on ! 
trigg]6 ,8 head turn$ r\nd & r\nd1 & 9  
an agony he cri$ out--',oh1 ,i wi% ,i 0 
,jem ,m',g[an back aga96'    ',jem1 y'll
 lose half y\r day's "w1' said ,n$      
,maguire1 :o 0 labor+ 9 ! same field )  
him4 ',!re y've be5 sleep+ ev] s9ce y\r 
d9n]1 :ile ,squire ,kavanagh1 t y are   
always talk+ ab\t1 0 %ot a few m9utes   
ago 9 a duel t he f\ght ) "s /range     
g5tleman 9 8 own demesne4'  ',oh1 said  
,jem1 z soon z he f\nd t he really      
wasn't %ot1 ',i w\ldn't = ! weal? ( ! _w
 be a g5tleman4 ,bett] to labor all day 
?an sp5d half an h\r 9 ! gr&e/ (        
company4 ,faix1 ,i've _h en\gh & to sp>e
 ( gr& company & be+ a g5tleman s9ce ,i 
h gone to sleep "h 9 ! potato-field2 &  
,squire ,kavanagh1 if he only knew x1 _h
 mu* m reason1 poor man1 to wi% he 0    
,jem ,m',g[an ?an ,i _h to wi% ,i 0     
,squire ,kavanagh4'  #fj  ,& ev] aft] t1
 ,pat1 conclud$ ! old lady1 ,jem        

,m',g[an w5t ab\t 8 "w l a man1 in/ead (
 wa/+ 8 "t 9 nons5sical wi%+s4  ,?ankee1
 granny1 yawn$ ,pat ,m',g[an1 z he      
%uffl$ (f to b$4 ,aft] t long /ory1 ,i  
don't ?9k ,i'll ev] wi% to be a "l aga94
    ------  ,f ,*amb]s's ,j\rnal4  ,,!  
,,mont ,,c5is ,,tunnel4   ,! tunnel     
?r\gh ! ,alps at pres5t be+ pi]c$ to    
connect ! railway sy/em ( ,france &     
,italy1 has acquir$ ! title ( ! ,mont   
,c5is ,tunnel2 b its real position &    
direction h v little 9 common ) t       
well-kn[n ,alp9e pass4 ,on exam9+ a *>t 
( ! di/rict :i* has be5 select$ = ?is   
important und]tak+1 we %all obs]ve t !  
ma9 *a9 ( ! ,cottian ,alps ext5ds 9 a   
direction v ne>ly ,ea/ & ,we/1 & t ?is  
portion ( x is b\nd$ on ei!r side by two
 r\ghly p>allel valleys4 ,on ! ,nor? we 
h ! valley ( ! ,arc1 & on ! ,s\? !      
valley ( ! ,dora ,rip>i1 or1 m /rictly  
speak+1 ! valley ( ,ro*emolles1 a bran* 
( ! ,dora4 ,! ,arc1 fl[+ f ,ea/ to ,we/1
 desc5ds f ,lansleb\rg to ,modane1 & f  
!nce1 aft] jo9+ ! ,is]e1 empties itself 

into ! ,rhone above ,val5ce4 ,! torr5t  
,ro*emolles1 on ! o!r h&1 fl[+ f ,we/ to
 ,ea/1 unites itself ) ! ,dora ,rip>i at
 ,oulx1 desc5ds ?r\gh a n>r[ & w9d+     
valley to ,susa1 & !nce along ! pla9 to 
,tur94 ,! po/al road1 leav+ ,/4 ,mi*el1 
m\nts ! valley ( ! ,arc z f> z          
,lansleb\rg1 !n turns sudd5ly to ! ,s\?1
 passes ! heights ( ! ,mont ,c5is1 &    
rea*es ,susa by a v /eep desc5t4 ,on    
m\nt+ ! valley ( ! ,arc1 & /opp+ ab\t   
eighte5 miles ,we/ ( ,mont ,c5is1 & a   
mile & a half bel[ ! ,alp9e village (   
,modane1 we arrive at a place call$     
,f\rneaux4 ,"h1 at ab\t ?ree hundr$ feet
 above ! level ( ! ma9 road1 is !       
,nor!rn entrance ( ! tunnel2 ! ,s\!rn   
entrance is at ! picturesque village (  
,b>donne*e1 situat$ at ab\t tw5ty miles 
,we/ ( ,susa1 9 ! valley ( ,ro*emolles4 
,! consid]ations :i* decid$ ! ,italian  
eng9e]s ^u select+ ?is position = !     
contemplat$ tunnel1 7 pr9cipally !      
foll[+3 fir/1 x 0 ! %orte/ r\te t c\ld  
be f\nd2 secondly1 ! diff]5ce ( level   

betwe5 ! two extremities 0 n too great2 
&1 ?irdly1 ! con/ruction ( ! connect+   
l9es ( railway--on ! ,nor?1 f ,/4 ,mi*el
 to ,f\rneaux1 & on ! ,s\?1 f ,susa to  
,b>donne*e 71 z m\nta9 railways g1      
practicable1 if n easy4 ,! idea ( a     
tunnel ?r\gh ! ,alps _h long occupi$ !  
m9ds ( eng9e]s & ( /atesm5 bo? 9 ,france
 & ,italy2 b x is to ! latt] c\ntry t we
 mu/ give ! cr$it ( hav+ work$ ! idea   
into a practical %ape1 & ( hav+         
inaugurat$ "o ( ! mo/ /up5d\s works ev] 
und]tak5 by any p4 ,to pi]ce a tunnel   
sev5 & a half ,engli% miles long1 by    
ord9>y means1 ?r\gh a h>d rock1 9 a     
position :]e v]tical %afts 7 impossible1
 w\ld be an exce$+ly difficult1 if n1 9 
a practical po9t ( view1 an impossible  
und]tak+1 n only on acc\nt ( !          
difficulties ( v5tilation1 b also on    
acc\nt ( ! imm5se "t & consequ5t exp5se 
:i* x w\ld entail4 ,x 0 evid5t1 #fa !n1 
t if ! project ( a tunnel ?r\gh ! ,alps 
0 ev] to be realiz$1 "s extraord9>y &   
completely new sy/em ( m9+ mu/ be       

adopt$1 by means ( :i* n only a rapid & 
p]fect sy/em ( v5tilation c\ld be       
insur$1 enabl+ ! m9]s to resume1 )\t    
dang]1 _! labors imm$iately aft] an     
explosion1 b :i* w\ld treble1 or at lea/
 d\ble1 ! am\nt ( "w usually p]=m$ 9 any
 giv5 "t by ! sy/em hi!rto adopt$ 9     
tunnell+ ?r\gh h>d rock4 ,to ?ree       
,pi$montese eng9e]s1 ,messrs4 ,gr&is1   
,grattoni1 & ,sommeill]1 is due ! m]it (
 hav+ solv$ ?is mo/ difficult problem2 =
 :e!r ! op5+ ( ! ,alp9e tunnel take     
place 9 t5 or tw5ty ye>s1 its ultimate  
success is n[ completely assur$4  ,a    
%ort review ( ! hi/ory ( ?is und]tak+1 &
 a summ>y ( ! progress made1 toge!r ) a 
description ( ! works z !y are conduct$ 
at ! pres5t "t1 d]iv$ f p]sonal         
obs]vation1 _c fail to be int]e/+ to    
,engli% read]s4  ,e>ly 9 #aheg1 at ,/4  
,pi] d',ar5a1 ne> ,g5oa1 a s]ies (      
exp]im5ts 0 und]tak5 be=e a select      
gov]nm5t commission1 to exam9e into !   
practicability ( a project = a me*anical
 p]=at+-eng9e1 propos$ by ,messrs4      

,gr&is1 ,grattoni1 & ,sommeill]1 = ! m  
rapid tunnell+ ?r\gh h>d rock1 & ) a    
view to its employm5t 9 driv+ ! propos$ 
%aft ?r\gh ! ,alps4 ,?is ma*9e 0 to be  
work$ by means ( air1 highly compress$  
by hydraulic or o!r economical means2   
:i* compress$ air1 aft] p]=m+ its "w 9 !
 p]=at+ or bor+ ma*9es1 w\ld be an      
available & p[]ful s\rce ( v5tilation 9 
! tunnel4 ,^! exp]im5ts plac$ s         
completely beyond any d\bt !            
practicability ( ! propos$ sy/em1 t1 s  
soon z ,augu/ ( ! same ye>1 ! law       
p]mitt+ ! con/ruction ( ! tunnel 0      
promulgat$4  ,at ?is "t1 absolutely no?+
 _h be5 prep>$1 ) ! exception ( a v     
g5]al project pres5t$ by ! propos]s1 & !
 model ( ! ma*9]y ) :i* ! exp]im5ts _h  
be5 made be=e ! gov]nm5t commission2 we 
_c1 !re=e1 be mu* surpris$ on f9d+ t "s 
consid]able "t elaps$ be=e ! new ma*9]y 
came into successful op]ation1 ! m      
p>ticul>ly :5 we consid] ! entire       
novelty ( ! sy/em1 & ! unusual          
difficulties naturally att5d+ ! fir/    

/>t+ ( su* l>ge works1 9 di/ricts s wild
 & uncong5ial z ^? ( ,f\rneaux &        
,b>donne*e4 ,f\rneaux 0 b a collection (
 m\nta9-huts1 conta9+ ab\t f\r hundr$   
inhabitants1 entirely depriv$ ( e means 
( support+ ! wants ( any increase (     
population1 & :]e outside-"w c\ld n be  
c>ri$ on = m ?an six mon?s 9 ! ye>1 ow+ 
to its ung5ial climate4 ,nor 0 ! case v 
diff]5t at ,b>donne*e1 a small ,alp9e   
village1 situat$ at m ?an ?irte5 hundr$ 
metres 7#d1bbe feet7 above ! level ( !  
sea1 & populat$ by ab\t "o ?\s&         
inhabitants1 :o liv$ ^u ! produce ( _!  
small pat*es ( e>?1 & ! re>+ ( %eep &   
goats1 & ) _! only road ( communication 
) ! out] _w 9 a mo/ wret*$ & deplorable 
condition4 ,"u ^! circum/ances1 we c    
imag9e t ! task ( br++ toge!r l>ge      
numb]s ( workm51 & _! compet5t direct+  
/aff1 mu/ h be5 by no means easy2 & t ! 
fir/ "w ( ! direction1 al?\gh ( a nature
 really mo/ ardu\s & t$i\s 7requir+1    
above all1 "t & pati5ce71 0 also ( a    
nature t c\ld sc>cely r5d] its effects v

 app>5t to ! _w at l>ge = "s consid]able
 "t4 ,aga91 x 0 necess>y 9 ?is "t to    
make ! detail$ /udies n only ( ! tunnel 
itself1 b ( ! compress+ & p]=at+ ma*9]y 
on ! l>ge scale propos$ to be us$4 ,?is 
ma*9]y _h to be made & transport$ ?r\gh 
a c\ntry ab\nd+ 9 difficulties4 ,!n1 z  
might be #fb expect$1 actual trials %[$ 
s]i\s defects 9 ! new ma*9es = !        
compression ( air2 &1 9 p]fect+ !       
me*anical p]=ators1 unexpect$           
difficulties 7 enc\nt]$1 :i* (t5 ?reat5$
 to prove insurm\ntable4 ,! total       
inexp]i5ce & unskilfulness ( ! workm51 &
 ! necessity ( giv+ to !m ! mo/ t$i\s   
in/ruction2 accid5ts ( mo/ di%e>t5+ &   
disc\rag+ k9ds--all t5d$ to delay !     
successful application ( ! new sy/em4   
,! fir/ important "w to be und]tak5 0 ! 
trac+ or sett+ out ( ! c5tre l9e ( !    
propos$ tunnel4 ,x 0 necess>y fir/ to   
fix on ! summit ( ! m\nta9 a numb] (    
po9ts1 9 a direct l9e1 :i* %\ld pass    
?r\gh ! two po9ts *os51 or r necessitat$
 by ! conditions ( ! locality1 = ! two  

ends ( ! tunnel 9 ! respective valleys (
 ! ,arc & ( ,ro*emolles2 secondly1 to   
det]m9e ! exact di/ance betwe5 ^! two   
ends2 & ?irdly1 to "k ! precise diff]5ce
 ( level betwe5 ! same po9ts4 ,^!       
op]ations comm5c$ t[>d ! end ( ,augu/1  
#aheg4 ,/>t+ f ! ,nor!rn entrance at    
,f\rneaux1 a l9e 0 set out r\ghly 9 !   
direction ( ,b>donne*e1 :i* l9e 0 f\nd  
to cut ! valley ( ,ro*emolles at a po9t 
consid]ably above ! propos$ ,s\!rn      
entrance ( ! tunnel4 ,on measur+ ?is    
di/ance1 h[ev]1 a second & correct$ l9e 
c\ld be trac$1 :i* 0 f\nd to be v ne>ly 
correct4 ,correct+ ?is second l9e 9 !   
same mann]1 always dep>t+ f ! ,nor? end1
 a ?ird l9e 0 f\nd to pass exactly ?r\gh
 ! two propos$ & giv5 po9ts4 ,! highe/  
po9t ( ?is l9e 0 f\nd to be v ne>ly at  
an equal di/ance f ea* end ( ! tunnel1 &
 at b a %ort di/ance bel[ ! true summit 
( ! m\nta9-po9t1 call$ ! ,gr& ,vallon4  
,! l9e ?us approximately det]m9$1 x 0   
necess>y to fix def9itely & exactly ?ree
 pr9cipal /ations or obs]vatories--"o on

 ! highe/ or culm9at+ po9t ( ! m\nta91  
p]p5dicul>ly ov] ! axis ( ! tunnel2 & ! 
o!r two 9 a l9e ) ea* entrance1 9 su* a 
mann] t1 f ! c5tre obs]vatory1 bo? !    
o!rs c\ld be obs]v$4 ,at ! ,s\!rn end1  
ow+ to ! conv5i5t con=mation ( ! m\nta91
 ! obs]vatory c\ld be e/abli%$ at a po9t
 n v f> f ! m\? ( ! tunnel2 b t[>d !    
,nor?1 sev]al project+ po9ts or c\nt]=ts
 on ! m\nta9 necessitat$ ! c>ry+ ( !    
,nor!rn obs]vatory to a v consid]able   
di/ance beyond ! entrance ( ! gall]y--n1
 h[ev]1 s f> z n to be disc]n$ cle>ly & 
di/9ctly1 & )\t oscillation1 by ! v     
p[]ful & excell5t in/rum5t employ$4 ,^! 
?ree po9ts p]man5tly e/abli%$1 rema9 z a
 *eck = ^? int]v5+1 & s]ve z ! base ( ! 
op]ations = ! p]iodical te/+ ( !        
accuracy ( ! l9e ( excavation4  ,! fir/ 
r\gh trac+ out ( ! l9e 0 complet$ be=e !
 w9t] ( ! ye> #aheg1 & x 0 consid]$     
suffici5tly correct to p]mit !          
comm5cem5t ( ! tunnel at ea* end by !   
ord9>y means--manual labor4 ,9 ! autumn 
( #aheh1 ! correct$ l9e 0 trac$1 & !    

obs]vatories def9itely fix$1 & all o!r  
necess>y geodetic op]ations complet$4   
,contemporane\sly 0 und]tak5 a c>eful   
levell+ betwe5 ! two ends1 tak5 along ! 
n>r[ pa? ( ! ,colle di ,frejus1 &       
b5*-m>ks 7 e/abli%$ at int]vals along ! 
:ole l9e4 ,all ! data necess>y = an     
exact pr(ile ( ! "w 7 n[ obta9$4 ,!     
exact l5g? ( ! future tunnel 0 f\nd to  
be twelve ?\s& two hundr$ & tw5ty       
metres1 or ab\t sev5 & a half ,engli%   
miles2 & ! diff]5ce ( level betwe5 ! two
 m\?s 0 asc]ta9$ to be two hundr$ & =ty 
metres1 or sev5 hundr$ & eighty feet1 ! 
,s\!rn or ,b>donne*e end be+ ! highe/4  
,"u ^! circum/ances1 x w\ld h be5 easy  
to h e/abli%$ a #fc s+le gradi5t f      
,b>donne*e d[n to ,f\rneaux ( ab\t two  
c5timetres p] metre--t is1 ( ab\t "o 9  
fifty4 ,b a little reflection w %[1 t 9 
work+ bo? ends ( ! gall]y at once1 9    
ord] to effect ! prop] dra9age ( !      
tunnel1 x w\ld be necess>y to e/abli%   
two gradi5ts1 ea* incl9+ t[>d !         
respective m\?s1 & meet+ 9 "s po9t 9 !  

middle4 ,?is1 9 fact1 has be5 done1 & ! 
two hundr$ & =ty metres' diff]5ce (     
level has be5 di/ribut$ 9 ! foll[+      
mann]3 ,f ,b>donne*e1 ! gradi5t m\nts at
 ! rate ( #j4ej p] "o ?\s& metres--t is1
 "o 9 two ?\s& z f> z ! middle ( !      
gall]y2 "h x desc5ds t[>d ,f\rneaux ) a 
gradi5t ( #bb4bj metres p] "o ?\s&1 or  
ab\t "o 9 =ty-five4 ,! highe/ po9t ( !  
,gr& ,vallon p]p5dicul>ly ov] ! axis ( !
 tunnel is #afae4h metres1 or #ebea4ca  
feet4  ,! difficulties enc\nt]$ 9 !     
c>ry+ out ( ^! v>i\s geodetic op]ations 
c sc>cely be exagg]at$4 ,x is true t    
no?+ is m easy ?an to picket out a      
/raight l9e on ! gr\nd1 or to measure an
 angle correctly ) a !odolite2 b if we  
consid] ! aspect ( ! locality 9 :i* ^!  
op]ations _h to be conduct$1 repeat$ ov]
 & ov] aga91 & te/$ 9 e available mann] 
) ! mo/ m9ute accuracy1 we %all be q    
ready to accord our %>e ( praise &      
admiration to ! p]sev]ance :i*          
successfully c>ri$ out ! und]tak+4 ,9 ^!
 regions1 ! sun1 fogs1 sn[1 & t]rific   

w9ds succe$ ea* o!r ) truly m>vell\s    
rapidity1 ! di/ant po9ts become obscur$ 
by cl\ds1 p]haps at ! v mom5t :5 an     
important sight is to be tak51 caus+ mo/
 vexati\s delays1 & (t5 necessitat+ a   
recomm5cem5t ( ! :ole op]ation4 ,^!     
delays may 9 "s cases ext5d = days1 &   
ev5 weeks4 ,to ^! inconv5i5ces add !    
necessity ( m\nt+ & desc5d+ daily )     
delicate in/rum5ts f ?ree ?\s& to f\r   
?\s& feet ov] rocks & rugg$ m\nta9-pa?s1
 ! "t occupi$ 9 s5d+ f "o po9t to ano!r1
 & ! difficulty ( plant+ pickets on     
elevat$ positions (t5 almo/             
inaccessible4 ,all ^! inconv5i5ces      
consid]$1 & we mu/ admit ! unusual      
difficulties ( a s]ies ( op]ations :i*1 
"u o!r circum/ances1 w\ld h (f]$ no?+   
peculi>ly rem>kable4  ,z has already be5
 po9t$ out1 ! excavation ( ! gall]y at  
bo? ends _h already be5 9 op]ation1 by  
ord9>y means1 s9ce ! latt] "p ( ! ye>   
#aheg2 ?is "w cont9u$ )\t int]ruption   
until ! ma*9]y 0 ready2 & ! progress    
made 9 t "t af=ds a valuable /&>d by :i*

 to measure ! effect ( ! new ma*9]y4 ,9 
! int]val betwe5 ! end ( #aheg & t to   
:i* we h n[ arriv$1 namely1 ! end (     
#aheh1 _m important works _h be5 pu%$   
=w>d4 ,at ,b>donne*e1 ! communications  
_h be5 op5$1 & bridges & roads con/ruct$
 = facilitat+ ! transport ( ! heavy     
ma*9]y4 ,h\ses = ! accommodation ( !    
workm5 _h be5 rapidly spr++ up1 toge!r )
 ! va/ edifices = ! v>i\s magaz9es &    
(fices4 ,! canal1 m ?an a mile & a half 
9 l5g?1 = convey+ wat] to !             
air-compress+ ma*9es1 0 con/ruct$1 & !  
little ,alp9e village _h become ! c5tre 
( life & activity4 ,at ,f\rneaux1 works 
( a simil> "* _h be5 put 9 motion2 only 
"h ! transport ( ! wat] = ! compressors 
0 m co/ly & difficult1 ! wat] be+ at a  
l[ level4 ,at fir/1 a curr5t d]iv$ f !  
,arc 0 us$ to raise wat] to ! requir$   
height1 b aft]w>d x 0 f\nd necess>y to  
e/abli% p[]ful =c+-pumps1 new 9 _!      
details1 :i* are work$ by huge          
wat]-:eels driv5 by ! ,arc itself4 ,e>ly
 9 ! mon? ( ,june1 #ahei1 ! fir/        

erection ( ! compress+ ma*9]y 0 comm5c$ 
at ,b>donne*e4 ,! badness ( ! season1   
h[ev]1 & #fd ! ,italian campaign ( ?is  
ye>1 delay$ ! rapid progress1 & ev5     
caus$ a tempor>y susp5sion ( ?is "w4 ,! 
results obta9$ by ! exp]im5ts :i* _h    
previ\sly be5 made on a small scale at  
,/4 ,pi] d',ar5a1 fail$ completely 9    
supply+ ! data necess>y to insure a     
practical success to ! fir/ applications
 ( ! new sy/em2 numb]less modifications1
 bo? 9 ! compress+-eng9es & 9 !         
p]=at+-ma*9es1 7 f\nd necess>y2 & sev]al
 mon?s 7 consum$ 9 exp]im5t+ )1 modify+1
 & improv+ ! huge ma*9]y2 s t x 0 n be=e
 ! #aj? ( ,novemb]1 #ahfj1 t five       
compressors 7 successfully &            
satisfactorily at "w4 ,on ! #ab?1 h[ev]1
 two ( ! l>ge conduct+-pipes bur/1 &    
caus$ a consid]able am\nt ( damage1 )\t 
caus+1 h[ev]1 any loss ( life4 ,?is     
accid5t reveal$ "o or two v s]i\s       
defects 9 ! mann] ( work+ ! valves ( !  
eng9e2 & 9 ord] to provide aga9/ !      
possibility ( future accid5ts ( ! same  

nature1 fur!r mo/ ext5sive modifications
 7 und]tak54  ,by ! beg9n+ ( ,janu>y1   
#ahfa1 ! five compressors 7 aga9 at "w2 
& on ! #ab? ( ?is mon? ! bor+-eng9e 0   
introduc$ = ! fir/ "t into ! tunnel4 ,v 
little useful result 01 h[ev]1 obta9$ = 
a long & anxi\s p]iod1 beyond cont9ually
 expos+ defects & imp]fections 9 !      
p]=ators4 ,! pipes conduct+ ! compress$ 
air f ! compress+-ma*9es to ! gall]y    
gave at fir/ cont9u$ tr\ble & annoyance2
 soon1 h[ev]1 a v p]fect sy/em ( jo9ts 0
 e/abli%$1 & ?is s\rce ( difficulty 0   
completely remov$4 ,aft] mu* labor &    
pati5ce1 & little by little1 !          
p]=at+-ma*9es became improv$ & p]fect$1 
z is always ! case 9 any p]fectly new   
me*anical contrivance hav+ any great    
assemblage ( p>ts4 ,actual practice =c$ 
into daylight ^? numb]less little       
defects :i* !ory only too easily        
ov]looks2 b !re 0 no lack ( p]sev]ance &
 +5uity on ! "p ( ! direct+ eng9e]s2 "o 
by "o ! ob/acles 7 met1 enc\nt]$1 &     
ev5tually ov]come1 & ! ma*9es at la/    

arriv$ at ! /ate ( precision & p]fection
 at :i* !y may be se5 to-day4 ,ab\t !   
mon? ( ,may1 #ahfa1 ! "w 0 susp5d$ =    
ab\t a mon?1 9 consequ5ce ( a d]angem5t 
9 ! canal supply+ wat] to ! compressors2
 & x 0 consid]$ necess>y to con/ruct a  
l>ge res]voir on ! flank ( ! m\nta91 to 
act z a deposit = ! impurities conta9$ 9
 ! wat]1 & :i* (t5 caus$ s]i\s          
inconv5i5ce 9 ! compressors4 ,9 ! :ole (
 ! fir/ ye> #ahfa1 ! numb] ( work+ days 
0 two hundr$ & n9e1 & ! advance made 0 b
 "o hundr$ & sev5ty metres 7five hundr$ 
& fifty feet71 or ab\t eighte5 in*es p] 
day ( tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 an am\nt less ?an 
might h be5 done by manual labor 9 !    
same "t4 ,9 ! ye> #ahfb1 h[ev]1 9 ! ?ree
 hundr$ & tw5ty-five days ( actual "w1 !
 advance made 0 rais$ to ?ree hundr$ &  
eighty metres 7"o ?\s& two hundr$ &     
?irty-five feet71 giv+ a mean advance ( 
#a4ag metres1 or ab\t ?ree feet n9e     
in*es p] day4 ,9 ! ye> #ahfc1 ! l5g?    
done 7always ref]r+ to ! ,s\? or        
,b>donne*e side7 0 rais$ to above f\r   

hundr$ metres2 & no d\bt ?is ye> a /ill 
great] progress w h be5 made4  ,at !    
,f\rneaux or ,nor!rn end ( ! tunnel--ow+
 to increas$ difficulties peculi> to !  
locality--! p]=ation ( ! gall]y 0 mu*   
delay$4 ,a totally diff]5t sy/em (      
me*anism = ! compression ( air 0        
necessitat$2 & x 0 n be=e ! #be? (      
,janu>y1 #ahfc1 t ! bor+-ma*9e 0 9      
successful op]ation on ?is side1 or two 
ye>s lat] ?an at ,b>donne*e4 ,!         
exp]i5ce1 h[ev]1 ga9$ at ?is latt]      
place1 & ! transf] ( a few skilful      
workm51 soon rais$ ! advance #fe made p]
 day to an am\nt equival5t to t effect$ 
at ! ,s\!rn entrance4 ,?us1 on ! ,s\?   
side 7omitt+ ! fir/ ye>1 #ahfa7 s9ce !  
beg9n+ ( #ahfb1 & on ! ,nor? side s9ce !
 beg9n+ ( #ahfc1 ! new sy/em ( me*anical
 tunnell+ may be said to h be5 9 regul> 
& successful op]ation4  ,9 ! beg9n+ (   
,septemb] ( ?is ye> 7 complet$ 9 all    
?ree ?\s& five hundr$ & sev5ty metres ( 
gall]y4 ,f ?is we d$uct sixte5 hundr$   
metres done by manual labor1 leav+1 = ! 

"w done by ! ma*9es1 a l5g? ( n9ete5    
hundr$ & sev5ty metres4 ,f ?is we c make
 a fur!r d$uction ( ! "o hundr$ & sev5ty
 metres execut$ 9 ! fir/ ye> ( exp]im5t 
& trial at ,b>donne*e1 s t we h eighte5 
hundr$ metres 9 l5g? excavat$ by !      
ma*9es 9 a "t dat+ f ! beg9n+ ( #ahfb at
 ! ,s\? end1 & f ! beg9n+ ( #ahfc at !  
,nor? end ( ! tunnel4 ,?us1 up to ! mon?
 ( ,septemb]1 #ahfd1 we h 9 all f\r ye>s
 & six mon?s2 & eighte5 hundr$ metres   
divid$ by #d4e gives u f\r hundr$ metres
 z ! rate ( progress p] ye> at ea* side1
 or 9 total1 eight hundr$ metres p] ye>4
 ,bas+ our calculation1 !n1 on ?is rate1
 we f9d t ! eight ?\s& six hundr$ &     
fifty metres yet to be excavat$ w       
require ab\t t5 & a half m ye>s2 s t we 
may look =w>d to ! op5+ ( ! ,mont ,c5is 
tunnel at ab\t ! ye> #ahge4 ,! direct+  
eng9e]s1 :o h giv5 good pro( ( compet5cy
 & skill1 are1 h[ev]1 ( op9ion t ?is    
p]iod may be consid]ably r$uc$1 unless  
"s totally unlook$-= ob/acles are met ) 
9 ! int]ior ( ! m\nta94 ,z has be5      

indicat$ above1 sixte5 hundr$ metres 9  
l5g? ( ! tunnel 0 complet$ by manual    
labor be=e ! introduction ( ! me*anical 
bor+-eng9es1 9 a p]iod ( five ye>s at ! 
,nor? & ?ree ye>s at ! ,s\? side1 equal 
to f\r ye>s at ea* end2 & eight hundr$  
metres 9 f\r ye>s gives u two hundr$    
metres p] ye>1 or j "o-half excavat$ by 
! ma*9e 9 ! same p]iod4  ,9 us+ !       
ma*9es1 up to ! pres5t "t1 a p]fect     
v5tilation ( ! tunnel has be5 secur$ by 
! compress$ air escap+ f ! exhau/ ( !   
bor+-eng9es2 or by jets ( air expressly 
imp+$ into ! l[] end ( ! gall]y to cle> 
out rapidly ! smoke & vapor =m$ by !    
explosion ( ! m9e4 ,x %\ld be rememb]$1 
moreov]1 t 9 work+ a gall]y ( ?is k9d1  
:]e v]tical %afts are impossible1 by    
manual labor1 a p[]ful & co/ly          
air-compress+ app>atus w\ld h be5       
necess>y = ! v5tilation ( ! tunnel      
alone1 s t ! economy ( ! sy/em1 z appli$
 at ! ,mont ,c5is ov] ! g5]al sy/em (   
tunnell+ 9 h>d rock1 is evid5t4 ,i      
propose1 9 ! second portion ( ?is       

article1 to give a %ort description ( ! 
ma*9]y employ$ & ! sy/em ( work+ adopt$1
 bo? at ! ,s\? & ,nor? ends ( ! ,mont   
,c5is gall]y4    ,,ii4  ,travell]s :o   
are giv5 to p$e/rian ex]cises may easily
 visit ! works be+ c>ri$ on = ! p]=ation
 ( ! tunnel ?r\gh ! ,alps1 bo? at       
,b>donne*e & at ,modane1 pass+ f "o m\? 
( ! tunnel to ! o!r by ! ,colle di      
,frejus2 & 9 f9e wea!r1 ! t\ri/ w\ld n  
rep5t ! eight h\rs sp5t 9 walk+ f       
,b>donne*e to ,susa--a di/ance ( ab\t   
tw5ty-five miles4 ,! road desc5ds !     
valley ( ! ,dora ,rip>i1 & ab\nds 9     
beautiful sc5]y4 ,! railway to be       
con/ruct$ along ?is n>r[ defile w be    
f\nd to tax ! skill ( ! eng9e] z mu* z  
any road yet attempt$4 ,its total l5g?1 
f ! t]m9us at ,susa to ! m\? ( ! ,mont  
,c5is tunnel1 w be =ty kilometres1 #ff  
or ab\t tw5ty-f\r miles2 & ! diff]5ce ( 
level betwe5 ^! two po9ts is ab\t two   
?\s& five hundr$ feet1 ! l9e hav+ a     
maximum gradi5t ( "o 9 =ty1 & a m9imum (
 "o 9 eighty-f\r4 ,!re w be ?ree tunnels

 ( importance1 hav+ a total l5g? ( ab\t 
t5 ?\s& feet2 ?ree o!rs ( less]         
dim5sions1 hav+ a total l5g? ( five ?\s&
 five hundr$ feet2 & twelve o!r small   
tunnels1 ( l5g?s v>y+ f two hundr$ &    
tw5ty to eight hundr$ & fifty feet1 _!  
total l5g? be+ five ?\s& f\r hundr$     
feet4 ,?us1 ! total l5g? ( tunnel on ^! 
tw5ty-f\r miles ( railway w be ne>ly    
tw5ty-"o ?\s& feet1 or ab\t f\r miles--j
 "o-six? ( ! :ole l9e4 ,!re w also be   
sev]al examples ( bridges & reta9+ walls
 ( unusual dim5sions4  ,! works be+     
c>ri$ on at ,b>donne*e are on a l>g]    
scale ?an at ,modane2 s we w1 ) our     
read]s' p]mission1 suppose ourselves    
arriv$ 9 company at ! =m] place1 & !    
fir/ po9t :i* we w visit toge!r w be !  
l>ge h\se conta9+ ! air-compress+       
ma*9]y4 ,be=e ent]+1 h[ev]1 we w ?r[ a  
glance at ! ext]ior ( ! build+4 ,we f9d 
be=e u1 z x 71 two h\ses1 9 a direct l9e
 "o ) ! o!r--"o situat$ at ! foot ( a   
/eep asc5t2 & ! o!r at ab\t sev5ty or   
eighty feet above x1 on ! side ( !      

m\nta94 ,^! two h\ses are1 h[ev]1 b "o1 
be+ jo9$ by t5 r[s ( incl9$ ar*-"w4     
,along ! summit ( ea* r[ ( ar*es is a   
l>ge iron pipe1 m ?an a foot 9 diamet]4 
,^! t5 pipes1 incl9$ at an angle ( ab\t 
=ty-five degrees1 come out ( ! side ( ! 
upp] h\se1 & ent] ! side ( ! l[] h\se1 &
 s]ve to conduct ! wat] f ! l>ge        
res]voir above to ! air-compress+       
ma*9]y1 :i* is arrang$ 9 ! h\se bel[1   
ex]t+ 9 ?is ma*9]y ! pressure ( a column
 ( wat] eighty-f\r feet six in*es 9     
height4 ,on ent]+ ! compression-room1 we
 h be=e u t5 compress+-ma*9es1 precisely
 ! same 9 all _! p>ts--five on ! "r h&1 
& five on ! left1 =m+1 z x 71 two gr\ps 
( five ea*4 ,9 ! c5tre ( ^! two gr\ps   
are two ma*9es1 9 e respect l a c\ple ( 
small /eam-eng9es1 only !y are work$ by 
compress$ air in/ead ( /eam1 & :i* we w 
call a]eomotori4 ,ea* ( ^! a]eomotori   
imp>ts a rot>y motion to a horizontal   
axis ext5d+ along ! :ole l5g? ( ! room1 
& on :i* are a s]ies ( cams1 :i*        
regulate ! movem5ts ( ! valves ( ! great

 compressors4 ,?is axis we w call ! ma9 
%aft4 ,"o gr\p ( five compressors is    
totally indep5d5t ( ! o!r1 & has its    
a]eomotore ) its ma9 %aft2 b /ill1 ) "o 
s+le a]eomotore1 by means ( a simple    
connect+ app>atus1 x is possible to "w  
"o or ! o!r gr\p sep>ately1 or bo?      
toge!r2 also1 any numb] ( ! t5          
compressors c be disconnect$ = repairs  
)\t affect+ ! action ( ! re/1 or may be 
injur$ )\t convey+ any injury to ! o!rs4
 ,9 front ( ea* ( ! t5 compressors are  
plac$ cyl9drical recipi5ts1 9 e respect 
l l>ge /eam-boil]s1 except t !y h no    
fire-grate or flues1 ea* hav+ a capacity
 ( sev5te5 cubic metres1 or five hundr$ 
& eighty-?ree cubic feet4 ,^! recipi5ts 
are put into communication "o ) ! o!r by
 means ( a tube simil> to a /eam-pipe   
connect+ a s]ies ( /eam-boil]s2 & ea*   
connection is furni%$ ) a /op-valve1 s t
 any "o recipi5t c be isolat$ f ! re/4  
,let u n[ exam9e ! end & action ( ?is   
ma*9]y4 ,z ! a]eomotori :i* "w ! valves 
( ! ma*9es = =c+ air into ! recipi5ts   

are !mselves work$ by compress$ air com+
 f ! recipi5ts1 x is evid5t t be=e we c 
put ! compress+-ma*9es 9 motion1 we mu/ 
h already "s supply ( compress$ air 9 ! 
#fg cyl9drical vessels4 ,?is supply (   
air1 compress$ to a pressure ( six      
atmosph]es1 is obta9$ 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 
,ea* gr\p ( five recipi5ts1 fill$ ) air 
at ! ord9>y atmosph]ic pressure1 is put 
9 communication ) a l>ge pipe :i* ent]s 
into a ci/]n plac$ 9 ! side ( ! m\nta9  
at ab\t "o hundr$ & sixty-two feet above
 ! floor ( ! compress+-room4 ,! fir/    
op]ation1 !n1 is to op5 ! equilibrium   
valves plac$ at ! bottom ( ! two pipes  
7"o f ea* gr\p ( recipi5ts72 wat] !n    
ru%es into ! vessels1 compress+ ! ord9>y
 air !re9 conta9$ to ab\t a pressure (  
six atmosph]es4 ,a communication is n[  
op5$ betwe5 ?is compress$ air & !       
cyl9d]s ( ! a]eomotori1 :i* comm5ce _!  
action precisely z a /eam-eng9e w\ld d  
on ! admission ( /eam2 a rot>y motion is
 giv5 to ! ma9 %aft2 & ! equilibrium    
valves1 plac$ 9 *amb]s at ! bottom ( ea*

 ( ! t5 pipes com+ f ! ci/]n ( wat]     
plac$ 9 ! h\se above1 are op5$4 ,we w   
obs]ve ! op]ation 9 "o ( ! t5 l9es (    
action1 z x 71 consi/+ ( ! pipe conduct+
 ! wat] f ! ci/]n1 ! compress+-ma*9e1 & 
! cyl9drical recipi5t4 ,! equilibrium   
valve at ! bottom ( ! pipe be+ op5$ 9 ! 
mann] above expla9$1 ! wat]1 ) its head 
( eighty-f\r feet six in*es1 ru%es pa/  
x1 along a %ort l5g? ( horizontal pipe  
79 :i* is an exhau/ valve1 n[ clos$71 & 
beg9s to m\nt a v]tical column or tube (
 ca/-iron ab\t t5 feet high & two feet 9
 diamet]3 ! air 9 ?is column und]goes   
compression until x has rea*$ a pressure
 suffici5t to =ce op5 a valve 9 a pipe  
issu+ f ! summit ( ! tube1 & connect+ x 
) ! recipi5t4 ,?is valve be+ already    
weight$ ) ! pressure ( ! air compress$  
to six atmosph]es by ! means previ\sly  
expla9$1 a c]ta9 quantity ( air is ?us  
=c$ into ! vessel2 at ?is mom5t1 ano!r  
revolution ( ! ma9 %aft causes !        
equilibrium valve at ! bottom ( !       
conduct+-pipe to be %ut1 & at ! same "t 

op5s ! exhau/ valve at ! foot ( !       
v]tical column4 ,! head ( wat] be+ n[   
cut (f1 & ! exhau/ op51 ! wat] 9 !      
v]tical column beg9s to s9k by its own  
gravity1 leav+ a vacuum beh9d x1 if x 7 
n = a small clack-valve op5+ inw>d 9 !  
upp] "p ( ! compress+ column1 :i* op5s  
by ! ext]nal pressure ( ! air1 s t by ! 
"t all ! wat] has pass$ out ( ! exhau/  
valve1 ! compressor is aga9 full (      
atmosph]ic air2 ! valve 9 connection ) !
 recipi5t be+ clos$ by ! compress$ air  
imprison$ 9 ! vessel4 ,! a]eomotori     
cont9ue _! motion1 ano!r revolution ( ! 
ma9 %aft %uts ! exhau/ & op5s !         
equilibrium or admission valve2 ! column
 ( wat] is aga9 p]mitt$ to act1 & ! same
 action is repeat$1 m air be+ =c$ into !
 recipi5t at ea* r\nd or pulsation ( !  
ma*9e4 ,n[1 suppos+ no consumption ( !  
compress$ air to take place beyond t us$
 = driv+ ! a]eomotori1 x seems evid5t t 
! wat] 9 ! vessels w\ld be gradually =c$
 out1 ow+ to ! gr[+ pressure ( ! air    
inside1 above ! pressure ( ! column (   

wat] com+ f ! high] ci/]n2 b !          
communication ) ?is high] ci/]n is      
always kept op51 ! column ( wat] act+1 9
 fact1 z a sort ( mod]ator or gov]nor to
 ! compress+-ma*9e1 ris+ or fall+       
accord+ to ! consumption ( ! compress$  
air1 & always insur+ t !re %all be a    
pressure ( six atmosph]es act+ aga9/ !  
valve at ! summit ( ! v]tical column4 ,a
 wat]-tube plac$ on ! outside ( ea* gr\p
 ( recipi5ts1 ) a graduat$ scale m>k$ on
 x1 indicates at a glance ! consumption 
( air4 ,if ! p]=at+-ma*9es 9 ! tunnel   
cease work+1 ! pressure augm5ts 9 !     
recipi5ts1 & ! wat] 9 !m falls until an 
equilibrium is e/abli%$1 #fh betwe5 !   
pressure ( ! column ( wat] & ! =ce ( !  
compressors1 until1 9 fact1 ^! "w )\t   
be+ able to lift ! valve at ! summit ( !
 v]tical compress+ column4 ,on ! o!r h&1
 if m air ?an usual be us$ = v5tilat+ ! 
tunnel1 or by an accid5tal leakage 9 !  
conduct+-pipes1 ! wat] rises rapidly 9 !
 recipi5ts1 & consequ5tly 9 ! wat]-gauge
 outside1 & 9 ?us creat+ an equilibrium1

 indicates ! /ate ( ?+s4 ,by ?is means a
 cont9ual comp5sation ( pressure is kept
 up1 :i* prev5ts any %ock on ! valves1 &
 causes ! ma*9e to "w ) ! regul>ity &   
uni=mity ( a /eam-eng9e provid$ ) a     
gov]nor4 ,9 e turn ( ! ma9 %aft1 a      
complete circle ( effects take place 9 !
 compressors2 & exp]i5ce has %[n t ?ree 
turns a m9ute ( ! %aft--t is1 ?ree      
pulsations ( ! compress+-ma*9e p]       
m9ute--are suffici5t4 ,x w ?us be se5 t 
a column ( wat]1 hav+ ! great velocity  
due to a head ( eighty-f\r feet six     
in*es1 acts ^u a column ( air conta9$ 9 
a v]tical tube2 ! effect ( ?is velocity 
be+ to inject1 z x 71 a c]ta9 quantity (
 air into a recipi5t at ea* upw>d /roke 
( ! column1 & at ea* d[nw>d /roke draw+ 
9 aft] x an equival5t quantity (        
atmosph]ic air z a fre% supply4 ,! t5   
recipi5ts *>g$ ) air compress$ to six   
atmosph]es 7n9ety p\nds on ! squ>e in*7 
9 ! mann] above expla9$1 s]ve z a       
res]voir ( ! =ce requir$ = work+ !      
bor+-eng9es 9 ! tunnel1 & = v5tilat+ &  

purify+ ! gall]y4 ,! air is conduct$ 9  
pipes ab\t eight in*es 9 diamet]1 hav+ a
 ?ickness ( metal ( ab\t ?ree-eigh?s (  
an in*4 ,mu* d\bt _h previ\sly be5      
express$ z to ! possibility ( convey+   
compress$ air to great di/ances )\t a v 
great & s]i\s loss ( p[]4 ,! exp]i5ce   
ga9$1 h[ev]1 at ! ,mont ,c5is has %[n t1
 convey$ to a di/ance ( ?irte5 ,engli%  
miles1 ! loss w\ld be b "o-t5? ( !      
orig9al =ce2 & t ! actual measur$ loss (
 p[] 9 a di/ance ( six ?\s& five hundr$ 
feet1 a little m ?an a mile & a qu>t]1 0
 less ?an #a-abg? ( ! orig9al pressure 9
 ! recipi5ts4  ,! m\? ( ! tunnel is b a 
few hundr$ y>ds f ! air-compress+       
h\se--we w n[ proce$ ?i!r4 ,= ne>ly a   
mile 9 l5g? ! gall]y is complet$ & l9$ )
 masonry4 ,at ! fir/ view1 we are /ruck 
) ! bold outl9e ( its section & its     
ample dim5sions4 ,except+1 p]haps1 !    
passage ( an occasional railway-truck1  
lad5 ) pieces ( rock & rubbi%1 we f9d   
no?+ to rem9d u ( ! numb]s ( busy workm5
 & ( ! p[]ful ma*9es :i* are labor+ 9 ! 

tunnel4 ,all is p]fectly quiet &        
solit>y4 ,look+ ar\nd u z we trav]se ?is
 fir/ & complet$ portion1 we obs]ve no?+
 v diff]5t f an ord9>y railway-tunnel1 )
 ! exception ( ! great iron pipe :i*    
conveys ! compress$ air1 & is atta*$ to 
! side ( ! wall4 ,at ! end ( ab\t a     
qu>t] ( an h\r we beg9 to he> s\nds (   
activity1 & little lights flick]+ 9 !   
di/ance indicate t we are approa*+ !    
sc5e ( op]ations4 ,9 a few mom5ts we    
rea* ! second division ( ! tunnel1 or t 
"p :i* is be+ enl>g$ f ! comp>atively   
small section made by ! p]=at+-ma*9e to 
its full dim5sions1 previ\sly to be+ l9$
 ) masonry4 ,9 ^? portions :]e ! workm5 
are engag$ 9 ! some:at dang]\s op]ation 
( deta*+ l>ge blocks ( /one f ! ro(1 !  
tunnel is protect$ by a ceil+ ( massive 
beams1 "u :i* ! visitor passes--n1      
h[ev]1 )\t hurry+ 8 pace & exp]i5c+ a   
feel+ ( satisfaction :5 ! di/ance is    
complet$4 ,gradually leav+ beh9d u !    
bee-l cr[d ( busy m9]s1 ) ! et]nal r+ ( 
_! bor+-b>s aga9/ ! h>d rock1 we f9d !  

excavat$ gall]y #fi gett+ small] &      
small]1 & ! difficulties ( pick+ our way
 increas+ at e /ep2 ! s\nds beh9d u get 
fa9t] & fa9t]1 & 9 a %ort "t we are aga9
 9 ! mid/ ( a pr(\nd solitude4  ,!      
little gall]y 9 :i* we are n[ /umbl+ our
 way ov] blocks ( /one & rubbi%1 only   
v>i$ by long tracts ( ?ick slu% & pools 
( wat]1 is ! section excavat$ by !      
bor+-ma*9e--9 dim5sion ab\t twelve feet 
broad by eight feet high4 ,! tramway :i*
 has accompani$ u all ! way is /ill     
cont9u$ along ?is small section4 ,9 !   
middle portion und]nea? ! rails is !    
canal1 incl9$ t[>d ! m\? ( ! tunnel1 =  
c>ry+ (f ! wat]2 & 9 ?is canal are n[   
collect$ ! pipes = convey+ ! compress$  
air to ! ma*9es1 & ! gas = illum9at+ !  
gall]y4 ,at ! end ( a few m9utes1 a     
rattl+1 j+l+ s\nd indicates t we are ne>
 ! end ( our excursion1 & t we are      
approa*+ ! p]=at+-ma*9es4 ,on arriv+1 we
 f9d t ne>ly ! :ole ( ! little gall]y is
 tak5 up by ! eng9e1 ! frame ( :i*1     
m\nt$ ^u :eels1 re/s ^u ! ma9 tramway1 s

 t ! :ole c be mov$ backw>d or =w>d z   
necess>y4 ,on exam9+ ! arrangem5t a     
little closely1 we f9d t 9 reality we h 
be=e u n9e or t5 p]=ators1 completely   
indep5d5t ( "o ano!r1 all m\nt$ on "o   
frame1 & ea* capable ( movem5t 9 any    
direction4 ,atta*$ to e "o ( !m are two 
flexible tubes1 "o = convey+ ! compress$
 air1 & ! o!r ! wat] :i* is inject$ at e
 bl[ or /roke ( ! tool into ! hole1 = ! 
purpose ( cle>+ out ! debris & = cool+ !
 po9t ( ! jump]4 ,9 front1 direct$ aga9/
 ! rock1 are n9e or t5 tubes 7accord+ to
 ! numb] ( p]=ators71 v simil> 9        
appe>ance to l>ge gun-b>rels1 out ( :i* 
are dis*>g$ ) great rapidity an equal   
numb] ( bor+-b>s or jump]s4 ,motion is  
giv5 to ^! jump]s by ! direct admission 
( a bla/ ( compress$ air beh9d !m1 !    
return /roke be+ effect$ by a some:at   
slight] pressure ( air ?an 0 us$ to     
drive !m =w>d4 ,we w suppose ! ma*9e    
br\ght up = ! comm5cem5t ( an attack4 ,!
 po9ts mo/ conv5i5t = ! bor+ ( ! holes  
hav+ be5 select$1 ! n9e or t5 p]=ators1 

z ! case may be1 are c>efully adju/$ 9  
front ( !m4 ,! compress$ air is !n      
admitt$1 & ! bor+ ( ! holes comm5ces4   
,on an av]age1 at ! end ( ab\t          
?ree-qu>t]s ( an h\r1 ! n9e or t5 holes 
are pi]c$ to a dep? ( two feet to two   
feet six in*es4 ,ano!r t5 holes are !n  
comm5c$1 & s on1 until ab\t eighty holes
 are pi]c$4 ,! great] numb] ( ^! holes  
are driv5 t[>d ! c5tre ( ! po9t (       
attack1 & ! re/ r\nd ! p]imet]4 ,! driv+
 ( ^! eighty holes to an av]age dep? (  
two feet ?ree in*es1 is usually complet$
 9 ab\t sev5 h\rs1 & ! second op]ation  
is !n comm5c$4  ,! flexible tubes       
convey+ ! compress$ air & ! wat] are    
deta*$ f ! ma*9es1 & plac$ 9 security 9 
! cov]$ canal4 ,! p]=at+-ma*9e1 m\nt$ on
 its frame or truck1 is drawn back on ! 
tramway beh9d two massive fold+-doors ( 
wood4 ,m9]s !n advance & *>ge ! holes 9 
! c5tre ) p[d]1 & adju/ ! mat*es2 fire  
is giv51 & ! m9]s retire beh9d !        
fold+-doors1 :i* are clos$4 ,! explosion
 op5s a brea* 9 ! c5tre "p ( ! front (  

attack4 ,p[]ful jets ( compress$ air are
 n[ inject$1 to cle> (f ! smoke =m$ by !
 p[d]4 ,z soon z ! gall]y is cle>1 ! o!r
 holes 9 ! p]imet] are *>g$ & fir$1 & m 
air is inject$4 ,!n comes ! ?ird        
op]ation4 ,gangs ( workm5 advance & cle>
 away ! debris & blocks ( /one deta*$ by
 ! explosion ( ! m9e1 9 little wagons   
runn+ on a pair ( rails plac$ by ! side 
( ! ma9 tramway4 ,?is done1 ! ma9 l9e is
 #gj prolong$ to ! requisite di/ance1 & 
! p]=at+ eng9e is aga9 br\ght =w>d = a  
fre% attack4 ,?us1 we h ?ree di/9ct     
op]ations--fir/1 ! me*anical p]=ation ( 
! holes2 secondly1 ! *>g+ & explosion ( 
! m9e2 & ?irdly1 ! cle>+ away ( !       
debris4 ,by c>eful regi/]s kept s9ce !  
comm5cem5t ( ! "w1 x is f\nd t ! mean   
duration ( ea* successive op]ation is z 
foll[s3 = ! p]=ation ( ! holes1 sev5    
h\rs ?irty-n9e m9utes2 = ! *>g+ &       
explosion ( ! m9e1 ?ree h\rs tw5ty-n9e  
m9utes2 = ! cle>+ away ( ! debris1 two  
h\rs ?irty-?ree m9utes2 or1 9 all1 ne>ly
 f\rte5 h\rs4 ,occasionally1 h[ev]1 !   

?ree op]ations may be complet$ 9 t5     
h\rs1 all dep5d+ ^u ! h>dness ( ! rock4 
,x has be5 f\nd practically m exp$iti\s 
to make two s]ies ( op]ations 9         
tw5ty-f\r h\rs4  ,:atev] may be ! nature
 ( ! rock1 if x is v h>d1 ! dep? ( !    
holes is r$uc$2 t is1 ! p]=ation is only
 cont9u$ = a c]ta9 giv5 "t--ab\t six & a
 half h\rs--:i*1 = ! eighty holes ) t5  
p]=at]s1 gives u ab\t ?ree-qu>t]s ( an  
h\r = ea* hole4 ,! rock is g5]ally (    
calc>e\s s*i/1 cry/alliz$1 & exce$+ly   
h>d1 trav]s$ by ?ick ve9s ( qu>tz1 :i*  
(t5 break ! po9ts ( ! bor+-tools aft] a 
few bl[s4 ,ea* jump] gives ab\t ?ree    
bl[s p] second1 & makes "o-eighte5? ( a 
revolution on its axis at ea* bl[1 or "o
 complete revolution e six seconds4     
,?us1 9 ! ?ree-qu>t]s ( an h\r necess>y 
to drive a s+le hole to ! dep? (        
tw5ty-sev5 in*es1 we h f\r hundr$ &     
fifty revolutions ( ! b>1 & eighte5     
hundr$ viol5t bl[s giv5 by ! po9t aga9/ 
! h>d rock1 & t "u an impulse ( ab\t "o 
hundr$ & eighty p\nds4 ,^! figures w    

give u "s idea ( ! we> & te> ( !        
p]=at+-ma*9es4 ,x is calculat$ t on an  
av]age "o p]=at+-ma*9e is worn out = e  
six metres ( gall]y1 s t m ?an two ?\s& 
w be consum$ be=e ! completion ( !      
tunnel4 ,! total l5g? complet$ at !     
,b>donne*e side at ! pres5t "t is j two 
?\s& ?ree hundr$ metres1 or ne>ly a mile
 & a half4  ,at ! nor? or ,modane end1 !
 me*anical p]=ators are precisely ! same
 z at ,b>donne*e1 z also is ! sy/em (   
work+ 9 ! gall]y4 ,! ma*9]y = !         
compression ( air1 h[ev]1 is v diff]5t1 
m simple1 & 9 e way an improvem5t ^u t  
at ! ,s\? end4 ,n f9d+ any conv5i5t     
means ( obta9+ a head ( eighty-f\r feet 
( wat] suffici5t 9 quantity = work+ a   
s]ies ( compressors1 z at ,b>donne*e1   
!re has be5 e/abli%$ at ,modane a sy/em 
( direct compression1 ! necess>y =ce =  
:i* is d]iv$ f ! curr5t ( ! ,arc4 ,six  
l>ge wat]-:eels mov$ by ?is curr5t give 
a reciprocat+ motion to a pi/on conta9$ 
9 a l>ge horizontal cyl9d] ( ca/ iron4  
,?is pi/on1 hav+ a column ( wat] on ea* 

side ( x1 raises & l[]s alt]nately ^!   
two columns1 9 two v]tical tubes ab\t t5
 feet high1 compress+ ! air 9 ea* tube  
alt]nately1 & =c+ a c]ta9 quantity1 at  
ea* upw>d /roke ( ! wat]1 to ent] into a
 cyl9drical recipi5t4 ,!re is v little  
loss ( wat] 9 ?is ma*9e1 :i* 9 its      
action is v l a l>ge d\ble-b>rel$ common
 air-pump4 ,x is a "q op5 to sci5ce :e!r
 ! employm5t ( compress$ air = driv+ !  
p]=at+ eng9es 9 a "w su* z is 9 op]ation
 at ! ,mont ,c5is1 c\ld n be            
advantage\sly & economically ex*ang$ = !
 employm5t ( a direct hydraulic motive  
=ce1 ! v5tilation ( ! tunnel be+ provid$
 = by o!r means4 ,! sy/em1 h[ev]1       
employ$ at ,modane has _m advantages1   
:i* x is impossible to ov]look1 & its   
complete success has giv5 a m>k$ &      
decid$ impulse to ! mod]n sci5ce (      
tunnell+ ?r\gh h>d rock4  ------  #ga   
,translat$ f ! ,civilta ,cattolica4     
,,on ,,! ,,unity ,,( ,,type ,,9 ,,!     
,,animal ,,k+dom4   ,i4  ,! g5]ation ( a
 human creature takes place nei!r by !  

developm5t ( a be+ :i* is f\nd 9 ! g]m1 
sket*$ z x 7 l a m9iature1 nor by a     
sudd5 =mation or an in/antane\s         
transition f pot5tial to actual exi/5ce4
 ,x is effect$ by ! true production ( a 
new be+1 :i* pre-exi/s only virtually 9 
! activity ( ! g]m communicat$ by !     
conceiv]1 & ! successive trans=mation ( 
! pot5tial subject4  ,?is tru?1 an a    
priori po/ulate ( philosophy1 &         
demon/rat$ by physiology a po/]iori1 0  
illu/rat$ by u 9 a prec$+ article4 ,"h  
we mu/ disc>d an error :i* has sprung f 
?is tru?4 ,= !re h be5 mat]iali/s :o    
ma9ta9$ t !re 0 b "o type 9 ! :ole      
animal k+dom1 t is1 man1 z he unites 9  
himself 9 ! highe/ possible degree      
p]fection ( organism & delicacy (       
feel+s2 & t all ! species ( inf]ior     
animals 7 s _m /ages 9 ! developm5t ( t 
mo/ p]fect type4 ,?is op9ion is ?us     
express$ by ,milne-,edw>ds 9 8 highly   
e/eem$ lectures on ! ,physiology &      
,comp>ative ,anatomy ( ,man & ,animals3 
,e organiz$ be+ und]goes 9 its          

developm5t deep & v>i\s modifications4  
,! "* ( ! anatomical /ructure1 no less  
?an   its vital faculties1 *anges z x   
passes f ! /ate ( embryo   to t ( a     
p]fect animal 9 its own species4 ,n[ all
 ! animals   :i* are d]iv$ f ! same type
 move dur+ a c]ta9 "t 9   ! same        
embryonic road1 & resemble ea* o!r 9 t  
process (   organization dur+ a c]ta9   
p]iod ( "t1 ! long] z _!   zoological   
relation%ip is clos]2 aft]w>d !y deviate
 f !   common road & ea* acquires !     
prop]ties belong+ to x4 ,^?   t are to h
 a m p]fect /ructure proce$ fur!r ?an ^?
   ^: organization is complet$ at less  
co/4 ,x results f ?is   t ! transitory  
or embryonic /ate ( a sup]ior animal    
resembles1 9 a m or less wond]ful mann]1
 ! p]man5t /ate   ( ano!r animal l[] 9 !
 same zoological s]ies4 ,"s au?ors   h  
?\ght "r to conclude f ?is t ! div]sity 
(   species proce$s f a s]ies ( /ages ( 
?is k9d tak+ place   at diff]5t degrees 
( ! embryonic developm5t2 & ^!   writ]s1
 fall+ into ! exagg]ations to :i*       

imitators are   especially liable1 h    
held t e sup]ior animal1 9 ord] to      
rea* its def9itive =m1 mu/ pass ?r\gh ! 
s]ies ( !   prop] =ms ( animals :i* are 
its inf]iors 9 ! zoological   hi]>*y2 s 
t man1 = in/ance1 be=e he is born1 is at
 fir/   a k9d ( worm1 !n a mollusk1 !n a
 fi%1 or some?+ l x1   be=e he c assume 
! *>act]s belong+ to 8 species4 ,an     
em95t pr(essor has rec5tly express$ ^!  
views 9 a concise   =m1 say+ t !        
embryology ( ! mo/ p]fect be+ is a      
comp>ative transitory anatomy1 & t !    
anatomic table ( !   :ole animal k+dom  
is a fix$ & p]man5t repres5tation ( !   
movable aspect ( human organog5y4  ,?us1
 accord+ to ?is op9ion1 man is ! only   
type ( animal life2 & e inf]ior species 
is b an imitation1 m or less p]fect1 ( !
 same2 an in*oation /opp$ 9 its c\rse at
 a great] or %ort] di/ance f ! t]m to   
:i* ! "w ( nature t5ds 9 its            
organization ( ! human embryo4 ,9 %ort1 
an #gb entoma 9 difetto1 to use !       
language ( ,dante4  ,! doctr9e is n new 

9 ! sci5tific _w4 ,x 0 proclaim$ 9 ! la/
 c5tury by ,rob9et1 :o held t all       
inf]ior be+s are b s _m pro(s or sket*es
 ^u :i* nature practises 9 ord] to le>n 
h[ to =m man4 ,9 ! beg9n+ ( ! pres5t    
c5tury ,lam>ck1 9 ,g]many1 foll[+       
,kielmay]1 reproduc$ ! same !ory4       
,accord+ to him all ! species ( animals 
inf]ior to man are b s _m l[] /eps at   
:i* ! human embryo /ops 9 its gradual   
developm5t4 ,man1 on ! contr>y1 is ! la/
 t]m rea*$ by nature aft] %e has        
travell$ all ?r\gh ! zoological scale1  
to fit h]self = t "w4 ,ab\t ! same "t ! 
celebrat$ naturali/1 ,/eph5 ,ge(froy    
,sa9t ,hilaire1 began to dissem9ate 9   
,france analog\s ideas "u ! "n ( /ages (
 developm5t 7arret de developpem5t72 &  
^! ideas1 exagg]at$ by "s ( 8 disciples1
 am\nt$ 9 _! m9ds to ! same doctr9e (   
,lam>ck1 j allud$ to4 ,among !m         
,pr(essor ,s]res holds ! fir/ rank1 & x 
is to him t ,milne-,edw>ds alludes 9 !  
passage j cit$4 ,he expresses himself   
?us3    ,human organog5y is a comp>ative

 transitory anatomy1 z   comp>ative     
anatomy is ! fix$ & p]man5t /ate ( !    
organog5y ( man2 &1 on ! contr>y1 if we 
rev]se !   proposition1 or me?od (      
inve/igation1 & /udy animal life f   !  
l[e/ to ! highe/1 in/ead ( consid]+ x f 
!   highe/ to ! l[e/1 we %all see t !   
organisms ( ! s]ies   reproduce         
incessantly ^? ( ! embryos1 & fix       
!mselves 9   t /ate :i* = animals       
becomes ! t]m ( _! developm5t4   ,! long
 s]ies ( *anges ( =m pres5t$ by ! same  
organism 9   comp>ative anatomy is b !  
reproduction ( ! num]\s s]ies   (       
trans=mations to :i* ?is organism is    
subject$ 9 ! embryo   9 ! c\rse ( its   
developm5t4 ,9 ! embryo ! passage is    
rapid1 9 virtue ( ! p[] ( ! life :i*    
animates x2 9 !   animal ! life ( !     
organism is exhau/$1 & x /ops !re1      
because x is n p]mitt$ to foll[ ! c\rse 
trac$ = !   human embryo4 ,di/9ct /ages 
on ! "o h&1 progressive advance   on !  
o!r1 "h is ! secret ( developm5t1 !     
fundam5tal   diff]5ce :i* ! human m9d c 

p]ceive betwe5 comp>ative   anatomy &   
organog5y4 ,! animal s]ies ?us consid]$ 
9 its   organisms is b a long *a9 (     
embryos :i* succe$ ea* o!r   gradually &
 at int]vals1 rea*+ at la/ man1 :o ?us  
f9ds 8   physical developm5t 9          
comp>ative organog5y4  ,?us speaks      
,s]res4 ,& 9 ano!r place3    ,! :ole    
animal k+dom appe>s only l "o animal 9 !
 c\rse   ( =mation 9 ! diff]5t          
organisms4 ,x /ops "h soon]1 !re   lat]1
 & ?us at ! "t ( ea* int]ruption        
det]m9es1 by !   /ate 9 :i* x !n is1 !  
di/9ctive & organiz$ *>act]s   (        
classes1 families1 g5]a1 & species4     
,,ii4   ,,?is ,,op9ion ,,refut$ ,,by    
,,philosophical ,,reasons4   ,! futility
 ( ! above doctr9e is manife/1 9 ! fir/ 
place1 f ! weakness ( ! f\ndation on :i*
 x re/s4 ,t f\ndation is no o!r ?an a   
k9d ( lik5ess :i* appe>s at fir/ sight  
betwe5 ! rudim5tal =ms :i*1 9 ! fir/    
/eps ( its developm5t1 are assum$ by !  
human embryo1 & ! =ms ( "s inf]ior      
animals4 ,= ! g]m1 by ! v reason t x has

 n1 z x 0 once believ$1 all ! organism (
 ! human body 9 microscopic proportions1
 b 9 ord] to acquire x mu/ pass f       
pot5tial to actual exi/5ce--by t v      
reason1 is #gc subject$ to cont9ual     
metamorphoses1 t is1 to successive      
trans=mations1 :i* give x diff]5t       
aspects1 f t ( a little disc to ! p]fect
 human figure4 ,n[1 x is cle> t1 9 ?is  
gradual transition f ! m]e p[] to ! act 
( p]fect organization1 a k9d ( analogy  
or lik5ess to "s ( ! numb]less =ms (    
inf]ior organizations ( ! animal k+dom  
may1 & mu/1 be f\nd 9 its int]m$iate &  
incomplete /ate4  ,b1 evid5tly1 betwe5  
analogy & id5tity !re is an imm5se      
diff]5ce2 & ! fact ( !re be+ an analogy 
) "s ( ^? =ms1 gives u no "r to inf] t  
!re is "o ) all4 ,h5ce ?is !ory is ju/ly
 despis$ by ! mo/ celebrat$ naturali/s z
 ! :im ( an extravagant fancy4  ,accord+
 to ,lam>ck1 says ,fr$ault1 9 speak+ (  
?is1 !ory1 all ! animals are b inf]ior  
grades at :i* ! human g]m /opp$ 9 its   
developm5t1 & man is b ! result ( ! la/ 

ef=ts ( a nature :i* has pass$          
successively ?r\gh ! grades ( its       
novitiate1 & has arriv$ at ! la/ t]m (  
its p]fection4 ,pres5t$ 9 ?is view1 !   
doctr9e ( epig5esis rais$ aga9/ itself !
 mo/ simple & sci5tific common s5se1 z  
be+ manife/ly errone\s4 ,num]\s works on
 ! developm5t ( ! g]m h demon/rat$ t    
appe>ances 7 tak5 = realities1 & t      
imag9ation _h creat$ a real romance4 ,x 
has be5 prov$ t if1 at c]ta9 epo*s ( its
 developm5t1 ! human g]m has a di/ant   
resemblance ei!r to a worm or a reptile1
 su* resemblance is v remote1 & t on ?is
 po9t we mu/ believe z mu* z we w\ld    
believe ( ! ass]tion ( a man :o1 look+  
at ! cl\ds1 %\ld say t he c\ld discov] !
 palaces & g>d5s ( ,armida1 ) horsem5 & 
armies1 & all t a heat$ imag9ation might
 fancy4  ,h[ev]1 lay+ aside all t1 !    
op9ion :i* we are n[ exam9+ orig9ates1 )
 ^? :o uphold x1 9 a total abs5ce (     
philosophical conceptions4 ,t /range    
idea ( ! unity ( type & ( its /ages1 9  
ord] to e/abli% ! =ms ( inf]ior animals1

 w\ld nev] h ris5 9 ! m9d ( any "o :o _h
 duly consid]$ ! immutability ( ess5ces 
& ! reason ( ! =mation ( a ?+4 ,! act ( 
mak+ diff]s f ! ?+ made only z ! means  
diff]s f ! end4 ,bo? belong to ! same   
ord]--"o implies movem5t1 ! o!r re/4 ,_!
 diff]5ce lies only 9 ?is3 t :at 9 ! t]m
 is unfold$ & complete1 9 its progress  
t[>d ! t]m is f\nd to be only sket*$    
out1 & hav+ a t5d5cy to =mation4 ,h5ce x
 foll[s t1 :atev] ! po9t ( view f :i* we
 consid] ! embryo ( ea* animal1 x is    
no?+ else b ! total organism ( ! same 9 
! c\rse ( =mation2 &1 !re=e1 x diff]s z 
sub/antially f e o!r organism z ! t]m   
itself t[>d :i* x proce$s4 ,& :at we    
affirm ( ! :ole organism mu/ be said (  
ea* ( its p>ts1 :i* are ess5tially      
relat$ to ! :ole & foll[ ! nature ( !   
:ole4 ,! fir/ rudim5ts1 = in/ance1 ( !  
h&s ( man c\ld n prop]ly be comp>$ to ! 
w+s ( a bird4 ,z !y are h&s aft] be+    
made1 s !y are h&s 9 ! process (        
=mation2 z _! /ructure is diff]5t1 s is 
_! be+ immutable4  ,:atev] may be !     

lik5ess betwe5 ! fir/ appe>ances ( !    
human embryo & ! =ms ( l[] animals1 !y  
are n ! effect ( a /able exi/5ce1 b ( a 
transitory & %ift+ exi/5ce1 :i* does n  
con/itute a species1 b is m]ely &       
ess5tially a movem5t t[>d ! =mation ( ! 
species4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! =ms pres5t$ by
 animals already con/itut$ 9 _! be+     
belong to a /able & p]man5t exi/5ce1 :i*
 div]sifies "o species f ano!r4 ,!      
diff]5ce1 !n1 betwe5 ! =m] & ! latt] is 
int]ior & sub/antial1 & _c be *ang$ into
 ext]ior & accid5tal1 z x w\ld be if x  
consi/$ 9 #gd /opp+ or 9 travell+ fur!r 
on4 ,! movem5t or t5d5cy :i* takes place
 9 ! g]m to become ano!r ?+ until ! said
 g]m assumes a p]fect organization      
relative to ! be+ x mu/ produce1 is n a 
quality :i* c be disc>d$1 s9ce x is     
intimately comb9$ ) ! subject itself 9  
:i* x is f\nd4 ,! ess5ce itself mu/ be  
*ang$ 9 x 9 ord] to obta9 /ability &    
consi/5cy4 ,b if ! ess5ce be *ang$1 we  
are out ( ! "q1 s9ce 9 t case we %\ld h1
 n ! human embryo arre/$ at ?is or t    

/age on its road1 b a diff]5t be+       
sub/itut$ = x2 ( analog\s ext]ior       
appe>ance1 p]haps1 b sub/antially       
diff]5t1 :i* w\ld con/itute an annual ( 
inf]ior degree4  ,9 %ort1 ea* animal is 
circumscrib$ 9 its own species1 l e o!r 
be+ 9 nature4 ,if to rea* to ! p]fection
 requir$ by its indep5d5t exi/5ce x ne$s
 developm5t1 e /ep 9 t j\rney is an     
in*oation ( ! next1 & _c exi/ b z su*4  
,to *ange its nature & to make x a      
p]man5t be+1 is z impossible z to *ange 
"o ess5ce into ano!r4  ,aga93 ,f !      
op9ion we are refut+ x w\ld foll[ t all 
animals1 man except$1 are s _m mon/]s1  
s9ce !y are no?+ else b deviations1 =   
want ( ult]ior developm5t1 f :at nature 
really int5ds to d z a t]m ( its action4
 ,?us anomaly is conv]t$ into law1      
disord] into ord]1 an accid5tal case    
into a con/ant fact4  ,f9ally1 9 t      
hypo!sis we %\ld h to affirm n only t ! 
inf]ior & m imp]fect species appe>$ on  
e>? be=e ! nobl] & ! m ak9 to ! unique &
 p]fect type1 b also t on ! appe>ance ( 

a m p]fect species ! prec$+ "o _h       
disappe>$2 be+ inf]ior 9 ! scale (      
p]fection4 ,= :at o!r reason c\ld be    
alleg$ = nature's /opp+ at a bird :5 x  
int5ds to make a man1 b t ! causes are n
 prop]ly dispos$1 or t circum/ances are 
n q favorable to ! production ( t p]fect
 animal8 ,!n :5 ! causes are ready1 & ! 
circum/ances propiti\s1 x is necess>y t 
man be fa%ion$ & t ! bird disappe>4 ,n[ 
all t is contr>y to exp]i5ce4 ,= all !  
species1 toge!r ) ! type1 are ( ! same  
date1 & we see !m born con/antly 9 !    
same circum/ances :i* are common to all1
 ei!r ( temp]ature or atmosph]e or      
latitude1 etc4  ,! !ory1 !n1 ( ! unity (
 type 9 ! animal k+dom & ( /ages (      
developm5t falls to ! gr\nd1 if we only 
look at x f a philosophical po9t ( view4
    ,,iii4  ,,x ,,is ,,refut$ ,,by      
,,physiological ,,reasons4   ,h[ev]1    
physiological argum5ts h m =ce 9 ?is    
matt] ?an ! philosophical2 s9ce !y are m
 closely connect$ ) ! subject1 & h 9 _! 
favor ! tangible evid5ce ( fact4  ,we   

%all take our argum5ts f ?ree celebrat$ 
naturali/s z ! repres5tatives ( an      
imm5se numb]1 :om want ( space =bids u  
to quote4  ,fl\r5s %[s ! error ( t      
op9ion by ref]r+ to ! div]sity ( ! n]v\s
 sy/em4 ,! n]v\s sy/em is ! f\ndation ( 
! animal organism2 x is ! g5]al in/rum5t
 ( vital functions1 ( s5sation1 & (     
motion4 ,if !n "o ar*etypal idea        
presides ov] ! =mation ( ! diff]5t      
organisms1 only "o n]v\s sy/em ought to 
appe> 9 ea*1 m or less develop$ or      
arre/$4 ,b exp]i5ce tea*es u ! contr>y4 
,x %[s n]v\s sy/ems diff]+ 9 diff]5t    
animals orda9$ to diff]5t functions1 ea*
 p]fect 9 its k9d4 ,is !re a unity (    
type8 asks ?is celebrat$ naturali/4 ,to 
say t !re is b "o type is to say t !re  
is b "o =m ( #ge n]v\s sy/em2 because ! 
=m ( ! n]v\s sy/em det]m9es ! type2 t   
is1 x det]m9es ! g5]al =m ( ! animal4   
,n[1 c we affirm t !re is b "o =m (     
n]v\s sy/em8 ,c we hold t ! n]v\s sy/em 
( ! zoophyte is ! same z t ( ! mollusk1 
& ?is latt] ! same z t ( ! articulata1  

or ?is aga9 ! same z t ( ! v]tebrata8 ,&
 if we _c say t !re is only "o n]v\s    
sy/em1 c we affirm t !re is only "o     
type8  ,he speaks likewise ( ! unity (  
plan4 ,e creature is built diff]5tly1 & 
! diff]5ce is especially /rik+ betwe5   
memb]s ( ! sev]al gr& divisions ( !     
animal k+dom4 ,! plan !n ( ea* is       
diff]5t1 & s is ! typical idea :i*      
prescribes its =mation4 ,no animal c !n 
be consid]$ z ! pro( or outl9e ( ano!r4 
,is !re a unity ( plan8 ,! plan is !    
relative location ( ! p>ts4 ,"o c       
conceive v well ! unity ( plan )\t !    
unity ( numb]2 = x is suffici5t t all ! 
p>ts1 :atev] _! numb] may be1 keep      
always relatively to ea* o!r ! same     
place4 ,b c "o say t ! v]tebrate animal1
 ^: n]v\s sy/em is plac$ above !        
dige/ive canal1 is fa%ion$ aft] ! same  
plan z ! mollusk1 ^: dige/ive canal is  
plac$ above ! n]v\s sy/em8 ,c "o say t !
 cru/acean1 ^: he>t is plac$ above !    
sp9al m>r[1 is fa%ion$ aft] ! same      
patt]n z ! v]tebrate1 ^: sp9al m>r[ is  

plac$ above ! he>t8 ,is ! relative      
location ( ! p>ts ma9ta9$8 ,on !        
contr>y1 is x n ov]?r[n8 ,& if !re is a 
*ange 9 ! location ( p>ts1 h[ is !re a  
unity ( plan8  ,muell] draws ne>] to !  
consid]ation ( ! developm5t ( ! human   
embryo1 & =cibly illu/rates ! falsehood 
( ! pret5d$ !ory4 ,x is n long s9ce x 0 
held ) great s]i\sness t ! human foetus1
 be=e rea*+ its p]fect /ate1 travels    
successively ?\gh ! diff]5t degrees (   
developm5t :i* are p]man5t dur+ ! :ole  
life ( animals ( inf]ior classes4 ,t    
hypo!sis has n ! lea/ f\ndation1 z ,ba] 
has %[n4 ,! human embryo nev] resembles 
a radiate1 or an insect1 or a mollusk1  
or a worm4 ,! plan ( =mation ( ^?       
animals is q diff]5t f t ( ! v]tebrate4 
,man !n might at mo/ resemble ^! la/1   
s9ce he himself is a v]tebrate1 & 8     
organization is fa%ion$ aft] ! common   
type ( ?is great division ( ! animal    
k+dom4 ,b he does n ev5 resemble at "o  
"t a fi%1 at ano!r a reptile1 a bird1   
etc4 ,! analogy is no great] betwe5 him 

& a reptile or a bird1 ?an x is betwe5  
all v]tebrate animals4 ,dur+ ! fir/     
/ages ( _! =mation1 all ! embryos (     
v]tebrate animals pres5t m]ely ! simple/
 & mo/ g5]al del9eations ( ! type ( a   
v]tebrate2 h5ce x is t !y resemble ea*  
o!r s mu* z to r5d] x v difficult to    
di/+ui% !m4 ,! fi%1 ! reptile1 ! bird1 !
 mammal1 & man are at fir/ ! simple/    
expression ( a type common to all2 b 9  
proportion z !y gr[1 ! g5]al resemblance
 becomes fa9t] & fa9t]1 & _!            
extremities1 = in/ance1 aft] be+ alike =
 a c]ta9 "t1 assume ! *>act]s ( w+s1 (  
h&s1 ( feet1 etc4  ,mr4 ,milne-,edw>ds  
takes ! same view ( embryonic g5]ation3 
,i agree ) ,ge(frey ,sa9t ,hilaire1 t   
(t5 a great analogy is   obs]v$ betwe5 !
 f9al /ate ( c]ta9 p>ts ( ! bodies (    
"s inf]ior animals1 & ! embryonic /ate (
 ! same p>ts (   o!r animals belong+ to 
! same type ! organism ( :i* is   fur!r 
develop$1 & ) ! same philosoph]1 ,i call
 ! cause   ( ! /ate ( p]man5t inf]iority
 arre/s ( developm5t4 ,b ,i   am f> f   

?9k+ ) "s ( 8 disciples t ! embryo (    
man or ( mammals exhibits 9 its diff]5t 
degrees ( =mation !   species ( ! less  
p]fect ( animate creation4 ,no6 a #gf   
mollusk   or an anhelid is n ! embryo ( 
a mammal1 arre/$ 9 its organic          
developm5t1 any m ?an ! mammal is a k9d 
( fi% p]fect$4   ,ea* animal c>ries )9  
itself1 f ! v orig91 !   beg9n+ ( its   
specific individuality1 & ! developm5t (
 its   organism1 9 con=mity to ! g5]al  
outl9e ( ! plan (   /ructure prop] to   
its species1 is always a condition ( its
   exi/5ce4 ,!re is nev] a complete     
lik5ess betwe5 an adult   animal & !    
embryo ( ano!r1 betwe5 "o ( its organs &
 !   transitory /ate ( ! same 9 ! c\rse 
( =mation2 & !   multiplicity ( !       
products ( creation c\ld nev] be expla9$
 by   a simil> transmutation ( species4 
,we %all see h]eaft]1 t 9   e zoological
 gr\p compos$ ( animals :i* seem to be  
d]iv$   f a common fundam5tal type1 !   
diff]5t species d n exhibit   at fir/   
any m>k$ diff]5ce1 b soon beg9 to be    

m>k$ by   v>i\s p>ticul>ities (         
con/ructure always gr[+ & num]\s4   ,?us
 ea* species acquires a "* ( its own1   
:i*   di/+ui%es x f all o!rs 9 ! way (  
developm5t1 & ea*   ( its organs becomes
 diff]5t f ! analog\s "p ( e   o!r      
embryo4 ,b ! *anges :i* ! organs & !    
:ole be+   und]go aft] !y h deviat$ f ! 
common g5esiac =m1 are   g5]ally speak+ 
! less consid]able 9 proportion z !     
animal   is de/9$ to receive a less     
p]fect organism1 & consequ5tly   !y     
reta9 a k9d ( resemblance to ^?         
transitory =ms4  ,reason !n & exp]i5ce1 
!ory & fact1 philosophy & physiology1   
agree 9 prote/+ aga9/ ! arbitr>y doctr9e
 ( ! unity ( type 9 ! animal k+dom2 a   
doctr9e :i* has its orig9 9 an abs5ce ( 
s\nd sci5tific notions & a sup]ficial   
obs]vation ( ! ph5om5a ( nature4 ,?r\gh 
! =m] defect m5 fail$ to consid] t if ! 
end ( ea* animal species is diff]5t1    
diff]5t also mu/ be its be+1 & !re=e a  
diff]5t type mu/ preside z a rule &     
supreme law ov] ! =mation ( ! be+4 ,by !

 latt]1 "s v slight & p>tial analogies h
 be5 mi/ak5 = id5tity & univ]sality1 &  
m]e appe>ances h be5 assum$ z realities4
  ----  ,f ,blackwood's ,magaz9e4       
,,dom9e1 ,,quo ,,vadis8  ,footnote #f   
,,by ,p4 ,s4 ,,worsley4    ,footnote #f3
 ,see ,mrs4 ,jameson's ,sacr$ & ,leg5d>y
 ,art1 p4 #ahj4     ,!re /&s 9 ! old    
,appian ,way1      ,two miles )\t !     
,roman wall1   ,a little anci5t *ur*1 & 
grey3      ,long may x m\ld] n nor fall6
   ,!re hangs a leg5d on ! "n   ,"o     
rev]5tial ?\ght may claim4    ',tis     
writt5 ( t fi]y "t1      ,:5 all ! ang]$
 evil p[]s   ,leagu$ aga9/ ,*ri/ = wra? 
& crime1      ,h[ ,pet] left ! accurs$  
t[]s1   ,pass+ f out ! guilty /reet1    
,& %ook ! r$ du/ f 8 feet4  #gg    ,sole
 pilgrim else 9 t lone road1            
,sudd5ly he 0 'w>e ( "o   ,:o toil$     
b5ea? a we>y load1       ,b>e-head$1 9 !
 heat+ sun1   ,pale ) long wat*es1 &    
=esp5t   ,) h>m & evil accid5t4    ,"u a
 cross 8 weak limbs b[1      ,sc>cely 8 
s9k+ /r5g? avails4   ,a cr[n ( ?orns is 

on 8 br[1      ,& 9 8 h&s ! pr9t (      
nails4   ,s fri5dless & alone 9 %ame1   
,"o l ! ,man ( ,sorr[s came4    ,read 9 
h] eyes :o gave !e bir?      ,t lov+1   
t5d]1 sad rebuke2   ,!n le>n no "m on   
?is e>?1      ,h[ de> soev]1 %ap$ a look
   ,s sweet1 s sad1 s pure z n[   ,came 
f b5ea? t holy br[4    ,& deeply ,pet]'s
 he>t x pi]c$2      ,once _h he se5 t   
look be=e2   ,& ev5 n[1 z at ! fir/1    
,x t\*$1 x smote him to ! core4   ,b[+ 8
 head1 no ^w save ?ree   ,he spoke--,quo
 vadis1 ,dom9e8    ,!n1 z he look$ up f 
! gr\nd1      ,8 ,savi\r made him answ] 
due--   ,my son1 to ,rome ,i g1         
?orn-cr[n$1      ,!re to be crucifi$    
anew2   ,s9ce he to :om ,i gave my %eep 
,leaves !m = o!r m5 to keep4    ,!n !   
sa9t's eyes grew dim ) te>s4      ,he   
knelt1 8 ,ma/]'s feet to kiss--   ,i    
vex$ my he>t ) fai?less fe>s2           
,p>don ?y s]vant1 ,"l1 = ?is4   ,!n ris+
 up--b none 0 !re--   ,no voice1 no     
s\nd1 9 e>? or air4    ,/raightway 8    
foot/eps he retrac$1      ,z "o :o ha? a

 "w to d4   ,back ?r\gh ! gates he pass$
 ) ha/e1      ,sil5t1 alone & full 9    
view2   ,& lay =sak51 save ( ,"o1   ,9  
dungeon deep ere set ( sun4  #gh    ,!n 
he :o once1 ap>t f ill1      ,nor taught
 ! dep? ( human te>s1   ,gird$ himself &
 walk$ at w1      ,z "o rejoic+ 9 !     
ye>s1   ,gird$ ( o!rs1 scorn$ & sla91   
,pass$ heav5w>d ?r\gh ! gates ( pa94    
,if any be> a he>t )91      ,well may ^!
 walls be m ?an /one1   ,& brea! ( peace
 & p>don$ s9      ,to him :o grieve? all
 alone4   ,return1 fa9t he>t1 & /rive ?y
 /rife2   ,fight1 conqu]1 grasp ! cr[n (
 life4   ------   ,f ,! ,mon?4          
,,con/ance ,,%]wood4  ,,an              
,,autobiography ,,( ,,! ,,sixte5?       
,,c5tury4  ,,by ,,lady ,,georgiana      
,,full]ton4   ,,*apt] ,i4  ,i _h n ?\ght
 to write ! /ory ( my life2 b ! wi%es ( 
^? :o h at all times m "r to comm& ?an  
occasion to entreat aught at my h&s1 h 9
 a mann] compell$ me !reunto4 ,! div]s  
trials & ! unlook$-= com=ts :i* h come  
to my lot dur+ ! ye>s t ,i h be5 toss$  

to & fro on ?is uneasy sea--! _w--h     
wr\ght 9 my s\l an exce$+ s5se ( !      
goodness ( ,god1 & an insight into !    
mean+ ( ! s5t5ce 9 ,holy ,writ :i* sai?1
 ,8 ways are n z our ways1 nor 8 ?\ghts 
l unto our ?\ghts4 ,& ?is puts me 9 m9d 
t !re are say+s :i* are 9 e "o's m\?1 & 
!re=e n to be lightly ga9say$1 :i*      
nev]!less d n approve !mselves to my    
consci5ce z :olly j & true4 ,( ^! is !  
common adage1 ,t mis=tunes come n alone4
 ,= my own "p1 ,i h f\nd t :5 a cross   
has be5 laid on me1 x has mo/ly be5 a   
s+le "o1 & t o!r sorr[s 7 (t5times      
remov$1 z if to make room = x4 ,& x has 
be5 my wont1 :5 "o trial has be5 pass+  
away1 to look out = ! next1 ev5 z on a  
/ormy day1 :5 ! cl\ds h roll$ away 9 "o 
direction & sun%9e is break+ ov]head1 we
 see o!rs ris+ 9 ! di/ance4 ,!re has be5
 no portion ( my life free f "s measure 
( grief or fe> suffici5t to recall !    
words t ,man is born to tr\ble z ! sp>ks
 fly upw>d2 & none s reft ( consolation 
t1 9 ! mid/ ( suff]+1 ,i did n yet cry  

out1 ,! ,"l is my %eph]d2 8 rod & 8 /aff
 com=t me4  ,i 0 born 9 ! ye> #aeeg1 9 a
 v fair "p ( ,engl&1 at ,%]wood ,hall1 9
 ! c\nty ( ,/af=d4 ,= its comely aspect1
 commodi\s *amb]s1 sunny g>d5s1 & !     
sweet walks 9 its vic9ity1 x 0 z        
comm5dable a resid5ce = p]sons ( mod]ate
 =tune & cont5t$ m9ds z c well be ?\ght 
(4 ,)9 & )\t ?is my pat]nal home no?+ 0 
want+ :i* might please ! eye1 or m9i/]  
to #gi tranquillity ( m9d & heal?ful    
recreation4 ,i reckon x among/ ! _m     
favors ,i h receiv$ f a graci\s         
,provid5ce1 t ! e>li] ye>s ( my life 7  
sp5t amid/ su* fair sc5es1 & 9 ! society
 ( p>5ts :o ev] took occasion f e>?ly   
?+s to lead my ?\ghts to su* z are      
imp]i%able1 & s to /ir up 9 me a love ( 
! ,creator1 :o has /amp$ 8 image on ?is 
visible _w 9 *>act]s ( s great beauty2  
:il/ 9 ! t5d]ness ( ^? de> p>5ts unto   
myself ,i saw1 z x 71 a type &          
repres5tation ( 8 pat]nal love &        
goodness4  ,my fa!r 0 ( an anci5t       
family1 & alli$ to su* z 7 ( great] note

 & m weal?y ?an 8 own4 ,he _h n1 z is ! 
mann] ) _m squires ( our days1 left (f  
resid+ on 8 own e/ate 9 ord] to seek    
aft] ! %[s & div]sions ( ,london2 b _h  
unit$ to a great humility ( m9d & a     
s+ul> affection = le>n+ a cont5t$ness ( 
_s :i* incl9$ him to dwell 9 ! place    
assign$ to him by ,provid5ce4 ,he _h    
m>ri$ at an e>ly age1 & _h ev] con=m$ to
 ! habits ( 8 neighbors 9 all lawful &  
k9dly ways1 & s\ght no o!r labors b su* 
z 7 incid5tal to ! c>e ( 8 e/ates1 & no 
recreations b ^? ( /udy1 jo9$ to a      
mod]ate pursuit ( field-sports & su*    
social div]sions z ! neighborhood af=d$4
 ,8 outw>d appe>ance 0 r simple ?an %[y1
 & 8 mann]s grave & compos$4 ,:5 ,i call
 to m9d ! s+ul> mode/y ( 8 disposition1 
& ! retir$ness ( 8 mann]s1 ,i (t5 m>vel 
h[ ! =ce ( circum/ances & ! urg+ (      
consci5ce %\ld h =c$ "o s little by     
nature incl9$ to an unsettl$ mode ( life
 into "o :i*1 albeit peaceful 9 its     
aims1 prov$ s full ( dang] & disquiet4  
,my "m's love ,i enjoy$ b = a brief     

season4 ,n t x wax$ cold t[>d me1 z     
happ5s ) "s p>5ts1 :o look ) fondness on
 ! *ild & less t5d]ly on ! maid52 b x   
pleas$ ,almighty ,god to take h] unto   
himself :5 ,i 0 b t5 ye>s ( age4 ,h]    
face is z pres5t to me n[ z any "t ( my 
life4 ,no limn]'s h& ev] drew a m       
fai?ful picture ?an ! "o ,i h ( h] ev5  
n[ engrav$ on ! tablet ( my he>t4 ,%e _h
 s fair & delicate a complexion t ,i c  
only lik5 x to ! leaf ( a :ite rose ) ! 
lighte/ t+e ( p9k 9 x4 ,h] hair 0 /reak$
 ) gray too e>ly = h] ye>s2 b ?is mat*$ 
well ) ! sweet melan*oly ( h] eyes1 :i* 
7 ( a deep violet color4 ,h] eyelids 7 a
 trifle ?ick1 & s 7 h] lips2 b !re 0 a  
pleasantness 9 h] smile & ! dimples ab\t
 h] m\? su* z ,i h n notic$ 9 any "o    
else4 ,%e _h a sweet womanly & lov+     
he>t1 & ! noble/ _s imag9able2 a great  
zeal 9 ! s]vice ( ,god1 temp]$ ) s mu*  
sweetness & cordiality t %e gave n      
easily (f5ce to any "o1 ( h[soev]       
diff]5t a way ( ?9k+ f h]self2 & ei!r   
won !m ov] to h] fai? ?r\gh ! suavity ( 

h] temp] & ! wisdom ( h] disc\rse1 or   
else work$ 9 !m a p]sonal lik+ :i* made 
!m pati5t ) h]1 albeit fi]ce ) o!rs4 ,:5
 ,i 0 ab\t sev5 ye>s ( age ,i notic$ t  
%e wax$ ?9 & pale1 & t we seldom w5t    
abroad1 & walk$ only 9 our own g>d5 &   
or*>d4 ,%e seem$ glad to sit on a b5* on
 ! sunny side ( ! h\se ev5 9 summ]1 & on
 days :5 by reason ( ! heat ,i lik$ to  
lie d[n 9 ! %ade4 ,my p>5ts =bade me f  
go+ into ! village2 &1 ?r\gh ! p]v]s5ess
 common to too _m "y p1 on acc\nt ( t v 
prohibition ,i long$ = lib]ty to d s1 & 
we>i$ (t5times ( ! solitude we liv$ 94  
,at a lat] p]iod ,i le>nt h[ k9d _h be5 
_! int5t 9 keep+ me dur+ ! e>ly ye>s (  
*ildhood f a k ( ! woeful divisions :i* 
! late *anges 9 religion _h wr\ght 9 our
 c\ntry2 :i* ,i might easily h he>d f   
#hj "y companions1 & maybe 9 su* sort z 
to awak5 angry feel+s1 & %$ a drop (    
bitt] 9 ! cry/al cup ( *ildhood's pure  
fai?4 ,if we did walk abroad1 x 0 to    
visit "s sick p]sons1 & c>ry !m food or 
clo?+ or m$ic9es1 :i* my "m prep>$ ) h] 

own h&s4 ,b z %e grew weak]1 we w5t less
 (t5 outside ! gates1 & ! poor came     
!mselves to fet* away :at 9 h] b\nty %e 
/or$ up = !m4 ,i did n notice t our     
neighbors look$ unk9dly on u :5 we 7 se5
 9 ! village4 ,*ildr5 w\ld cry out      
sometimes1 b half 9 play1 ,d[n ) !      
,papi/s6 b ,i witness$ t _! eld]s *eck$ 
!m1 especially ^? ( ! poor] sort2 & ,god
 bless y1 ,mrs4 ,%]wood6 & ,god save y1 
madam6 0 (t5 9 _! m\?s1 z %e :om ,i lov$
 ) s great & rev]5t an affection pass$  
alongside ( !m1 or /opp$ to take brea?1 
lean+ aga9/ _! cottage-pal+s4  ,_m      
*ildi% he>ta*es ,i c ev5 n[ rememb] :5  
,i 0 n suff]$ to jo9 9 ! m]ry sports ( !
 #a/ ( ,may2 = !n1 z ! poet ,*auc] s+s1 
! y\?s & maid5s g    ,to fet* ! fl[]s   
fre% & bran* & bloom1   ,& ^!1 rejoic+ 9
 _! great delight1   ,eke ea* at o!r ?r[
 ! blossoms bright4  ,i wat*$ ! m]ry    
wights z !y pass$ our door on _! way to 
! groves & mead[s1 s++ mir?ful c>ols1 & 
b5t on pleasant pa/imes2 & te>s /ood 9  
my eyes z ! s\nd ( _! voices di$ away 9 

! di/ance4 ,my fa!r f\nd me ?us weep+ "o
 ,may-day1 & c>ri$ me ) him to a sweet  
spot 9 a wood1 :]e wild-fl[]s grew l    
liv+ jewels out ( ! gre5 c>pet ( moss on
 :i* we sat2 & !re1 z ! birds sang f e  
b\gh1 & ! insects hov]$ & humm$ ov] e   
blossom1 he ent]ta9$ me ) su* qua9t &   
pleasant tales1 & mov$ me to m]ry       
laught] by 8 witty devices2 s t ,i set  
d[n t day 9 my book ( memory z "o ( !   
joyfulle/ 9 all my *ildhood4 ,at ,ea/]1 
:5 ! village *ildr5 roll$ pas* eggs d[n 
! smoo? sides ( ! gre5 hills1 my "m w\ld
 pa9t me "s h]self1 & adorn$ !m ) su*   
bright colors & r>e s5t5ces t ,i fe>$ to
 break !m ) rude h&l+1 & kept !m by me  
?r\gh\t ! ye>1 r z pictures to be gaz$  
on ?an toys to be play$ ) 9 a wanton    
fa%ion4  ,on ! morn+ ( ! ,resurrection1 
:5 o!rs w5t to ! top ( ,cannock ,*ase to
 hail ! ris+ sun1 z is ! cu/om ( ^?     
p>ts1 %e w\ld s+ s sweetly ! psalm :i*  
speake? ( ! heav5s rejoic+ & ( ! e>? be+
 glad1 t x griev$ me n to /ay at home2  
albeit ,i sometimes m>vell$ t we saw s  

little company1 & mix$ n m freely ) our 
neighbors4  ,:5 ,i _h rea*$ my n9?      
bir?day1 :e!r x 0 t ,i took bett] he$ ( 
words spok5 9 my he>+1 or else t my     
p>5ts ?\ght x 0 "t t ,i %\ld le>n       
some:at ( ! conditions ( ! times1 & s   
talk$ m freely 9 my pres5ce1 x s happ5$ 
t ,i he>d ( ! jeop>dy 9 :i* _m :o held !
 ,ca?olic fai? 71 & ( ! laws :i* 7 be+  
made to prohibit 9 our c\ntry ! practice
 ( ! anci5t religion4 ,:5 ,prote/ants   
came to our h\se--& x 0 sometimes h>d 9 
^? days to tell :o 7 su* at he>t1 or    
only 9 outw>d semblance out ( con=mity  
to ! que5's pleasure--,i 0 /rictly *>g$ 
n to speak 9 _! he>+ ( aught t _h to d )
 ,ca?olic fai? & wor%ip2 & ,i c\ld see  
at su* times on my "m's face an uneasy  
expression1 z if %e 0 ev] fe>+ ! next   
words t any "o might utt]4  ,9 ! autumn 
( t ye> we _h visitors ^: company 0 s   
great an honor to my p>5ts1 & ! occasion
 ( s mu* delight to myself1 t ,i c call 
to m9d e little circum/ance ( _! brief  
soj\rn "u our ro(1 ev5 z if x _h tak5   

place b #ha ye/]day4 ,?is visit prov$ ! 
fir/ /ep t[>d an intimacy :i* greatly   
affect$ ! t5or ( my life1 & prep>$ ! way
 = ! direction x 0 h]eaft] to take4  ,^!
 truly honorable & well-belov$ gue/s 7  
my ,lady ,m\nteagle & h] son ,mr4 ,james
 ,lab\rn1 :o 7 j\rney+ at t "t f        
,london1 :]e %e _h be5 resid+ at h]     
son-9-law ! ,duke ( ,norfolk's h\se1 to 
h] seat 9 ! c\ntry2 :i!r %e 0 c>ry+ !   
?ree *ildr5 ( h] daught]1 ! ,du*ess (   
,norfolk1 & ( t lady's fir/ husb&1 ! ,"l
 ,dacre ( ! ,nor?4 ,! elde/ ( ^! "y     
ladies 0 ( ab\t my own age1 & ! o!rs    
y\ng]4  ,! day on :i* h] lady%ip 0      
expect$1 ,i c\ld n sit ) pati5ce at my  
tamb\r-frame1 or con my lessons1 or play
 on ! virg9als2 b wat*$ ! h\rs & !      
m9utes 9 my great desire to see ^! noble
 w5*es4 ,i _h n hi!rto consort$ ) "y    
companions1 save ) ,edmund & ,john      
,g5+s1 ( :om ,i %all h occasion to speak
 h]eaft]1 :o 7 !n my playmates1 z at a  
rip] age fri5ds4 ,i ?\ght1 9 ! qua9t way
 9 :i* *ildr5 c\ple "o idea ) ano!r 9 _!

 fanta/ic imag9ations1 t my ,lady       
,m\nteagle's ?ree daught]s w\ld be l !  
?ree angels1 9 my "m's missal1 :o visit$
 ,abraham 9 8 t5t4  ,i _h crav$ f my "m 
a holiday1 :i* %e grant$ on ! score t ,i
 %\ld help h] t =5oon 9 ! mak+ ( !      
pa/ies & jellies1 :i*1 z f> z h] /r5g?  
all[$1 %e fail$ n to l5d a h& to2 & also
 %e *>g$ me to set ! b$-*amb]s 9 fair   
ord]1 & to ga!r fre% fl[]s :]e) to adorn
 ! p>lor4 ,^! tasks _h 9 !m a           
pleasantness :i* :il$ away ! "t1 & ,i   
alt]nat$ f ! p>lor to ! /ore-room1 & !  
kit*5 to ! or*>d1 & ! p\ltry-y>d to !   
pleasure-gr\nd1 runn+ z swiftly f "o to 
! o!r1 & z m]rily1 z if my feet 7 keep+ 
"t ) ! glad beat+s ( my he>t4 ,z ,i     
pass$ along ! av5ue1 :i* 0 bord]$ on ea*
 side by tall trees1 ev] & anon1 z ! w9d
 %ook _! bran*es1 !re fell on my head   
%[]s ( r$ & gold-color$ leaves1 :i* made
 me laugh2 s easy is x = ! "y to f9d    
occasion ( mir? 9 ! lea/ trifle :5 _!   
spirits are lightsome1 z m9e 7 t day4 ,i
 sat d[n on a /one b5* on :i* ! we/]n   

sun 0 %9+1 to b9d toge!r ! posies ,i _h 
made2 ! rob9s twitt]$ ar\nd me2 & ! air 
felt s(t & fre%4 ,x 0 ! eve (           
,m>t9mas-day--,hall[tide ,summ]1 z our  
c\ntry folk call x4 ,z ! sun 0 s9k+     
beh9d ! hills1 ! tread ( horses' feet 0 
he>d 9 ! di/ance1 & ,i sprang up on !   
b5*1 %ad+ my eyes ) my h& to see !      
approa* ( t goodly travell+-p>ty1 :i* 0 
soon to rea* our gates4 ,my p>5ts came  
out ( ! front door1 & beckon$ me to _!  
side4 ,i held my posies 9 my apron1 &   
=got to set !m d[n2 = ! fir/ sight ( my 
,lady ,m\nteagle1 z %e rode up ! av5ue )
 h] son at h] side1 & h] ?ree           
gr&-daught]s ) _! att5dants1 & _m       
ri*ly-attir$ s]v+-m5 beside1 fill$ me ) 
awe4 ,i wond]$ if h] maje/y _h look$ m  
gr& on ! day t %e rode into ,london to  
be proclaim$ que54 ,! good lady sat on  
h] palfry 9 s erect & /ately a mann]1 z 
if age _h no dom9ion ov] h] limbs & h]  
spirits2 & !re 0 some?+ s pi]c+ & comm&+
 9 h] eye1 t x at once compell$ rev]5ce 
& submission4 ,h] son _h some:at ( !    

same nobility ( mi51 & 0 tall & graceful
 9 8 movem5ts2 b beh9d h]1 on h]        
pillion1 sat a small c\nt]p>t ( h]self1 
inasmu* z *ildhood c resemble old age1 &
 y\?ful lovel9ess matronly dignity4 ,?is
 0 ! elde/ ( h] lady%ip's gr&-daught]s1 
my sweet ,mi/ress ,ann ,dacre4 ,?is 0 my
 fir/ sight ( h] :o 0 h]eaft] to hold s 
great a place 9 my he>t & #hb 9 my life4
 ,z %e 0 lift$ f ! saddle1 & /ood 9 h]  
rid+-habit & plum$ hat at our door1 mak+
 a graceful & mode/ obeisance to my     
p>5ts1 "o /ep retir$ beh9d h] gr&am1 ) a
 lovely color t++ h] *eeks1 & h] long   
la%es veil+ h] sweet eyes1 ,i ?\ght ,i  
_h nev] se5 s fair a creature z ?is     
high-born maid5 ( my own age2 & ev5 n[ t
 "t1 z x has gone by1 has %[n me all t a
 c\rt c display to *>m ! eyes &         
enrapture ! fancy1 ,i d n ga9say t same 
*ildi% ?\ght ( m9e4 ,h] si/]s1 pretty   
prattl]s !n1 f\r & six ye>s ( age1 7 l$ 
into ! h\se by _! gov]ness4 ,b ere our  
gue/s 7 seat$1 my "m bade me kiss my    
,lady ,m\nteagle's h& & comm5d myself to

 h] goodness1 pray+ h] to be a good lady
 to me1 & ov]look1 out ( h] great       
indulg5ce1 my _m defects4 ,at :i* %e    
patt$ me on ! *eek1 & said1 %e d\bt$ n b
 t ,i 0 z good a *ild z su* good p>5ts  
des]v$ to h2 & inde$1 if ,i 0 z l my "m 
9 temp] z 9 face1 ,i mu/ ne$s be su* z  
h] hopes & wi%es w\ld h me4 ,& !n %e    
comm&$ ,mi/ress ,ann to salute me2 & ,i 
felt my *eeks flu% & my he>t beat ) joy 
z ! sweet little lady put h] arms r\nd  
my neck1 & press$ h] lips on my *eek4   
,pres5tly we all )drew to our *amb]s    
until su* "t z supp] 0 s]v$1 at :i* meal
 ! "y ladies 7 pres5t2 & ,i m>vell$ to  
see h[ becom+ly ev5 ! y\nge/ ( !m1 :o 0 
b a *it1 knew h[ to behave h]self1 nev] 
ask+ = any?+1 or =gett+ to give ?anks 9 
a pretty mann] :5 %e 0 help$4 ,= ! :i*  
my "m greatly comm5d$ _! good mann]s2 & 
h] lady%ip said1 ,9 tru?1 good ,mi/ress 
,%]wood1 ,i c>ry a /rict h& ov] !m1 nev]
 suff]+ _! faults to g un*a/is$1 nor    
p]mitt+ su* lib]ties z _m d to ! ru9 (  
_! *ildr54 ,i 0 /raightway seiz$ ) a    

great confusion & fe> t ?is 0 meant z a 
rebuke to me1 :o1 n be+ mu* us$ to      
company1 & some?+ ov]9dulg$ by my fa!r1 
by ^: side ,i 0 seat$1 _h spok5 to him m
 ?an once t day at table1 & _h also left
 on my plate "s victuals n to my lik+2  
:i*1 z ,i le>nt at ano!r "t f ,mi/ress  
,ann1 0 an (f5ce = :i* h] gr&mo!r w\ld h
 %>ply repreh5d$ h]4 ,i v5tur$ n aga9 to
 speak 9 h] pres5ce1 & sc>cely to raise 
my eyes t[>d h]4  ,! "y ladies )drew    
e>ly to b$ t night1 & ,i _h b little    
spee* ) !m4 ,be=e !y left ! p>lor1      
,mi/ress ,ann took h] si/]s by ! h&1 &  
all ( !m1 kneel+ at _! gr&mo!r's feet1  
crav$ h] bless+4 ,i c\ld see a te> 9 h] 
eye z %e bless$ !m2 & :5 %e laid h] h&  
on ! head ( ! elde/ ( h] gr&-daught]s1 x
 l+]$ !re z if to call d[n ^u h] a      
special b5ison4 ,! next day my ,lady    
,m\nteagle gave p]mission = ,mi/ress    
,ann to g ) me into ! g>d51 :]e ,i %[$  
h] my fl[]s & ! "y rabbits t ,edmund    
,g5+s & 8 bro!r1 my only two playmates1 
7 s fond (2 & %e told me h[ well pleas$ 

%e 0 to remove f ,london unto h]        
gr&mo!r's seat1 :]e %e w\ld h a g>d5 &  
su* pleasant pa/imes z are enjoy$ 9 !   
c\ntry4  ,pri!e1 ,mi/ress ,ann1 ,i said1
 ) ! unmann]ly boldness ) :i* *ildr5 are
 wont to "q "o ano!r1 h y n a "m1 t y   
live ) y\r gr&am8  ,i ?ank ,god t ,i h1 
%e answ]$2 & a good "m %e is to me2 b by
 reason ( h] hav+ lately m>ri$ ! ,duke (
 ,norfolk1 my gr&mo!r has at ! pres5t "t
 ! *>ge ( u4  ,& d y greatly love my    
,lady ,m\nteagle8 ,i ask$1 misd\bt+ 9 my
 folly t a lady ( s grave aspect &      
/ately c>riage %\ld be lov$ by *ildr54  
#hc  ,z greatly z he>t c love1 0 h]     
pretty answ]4  ,& d y likewise love !   
,duke ( ,norfolk1 ,mi/ress ,ann8 ,i ask$
 aga94  ,he is my v good "l & fa!r1 %e  
answ]$2 b my k ( 8 grace has be5 s %ort1
 ,i h sc>ce _h "t to love him yet4  ,b  
,i h lov$ y 9 no "t1 ,i cri$1 & ?rew my 
arms r\nd h] neck4 ,directly ,i saw y1  
,i lov$ y1 ,mi/ress ,ann4  ,mayhap1     
,mi/ress ,con/ance1 %e said1 x is easi] 
to love a little girl ?an a great duke4 

,& :o d y affection beside h] grace y\r 
"m1 & my lady y\r gr&am1 ,mi/ress ,ann8 
,i said1 aga9 return+ to ! *>ge2 to :i* 
%e quickly repli$3  ,my bro!r ,francis1 
my sweet ,"l ,dacre4  ,is he a *ild8 ,i 
ask$4  ,9 tru?1 ,mi/ress ,con/ance1 %e  
answ]$1 he w\ld n be well pleas$ to be  
call$ s2 & yet me?9ks he is b a *ild1   
be+ n old]1 b r "o ye> y\ng] ?an myself1
 & my de> playmate & gossip4  ,i wi% ,i 
_h a bro!r or a si/] to play ) me1 ,i   
said2 at :i* ,mi/ress ,ann kiss$ me &   
said %e 0 sorry ,i %\ld lack s great a  
com=t1 b t ,i mu/ consid] ,i _h a good  
fa!r ( my own1 :]eas h] own 0 dead2 & t 
a fa!r 0 m ?an a bro!r4  ,9 ?is mann] we
 held disc\rse all ! morn+1 &1 l a rude 
imp1 ,i que/ion$ ! graci\s "y lady z to 
h] pa/imes & h] /udies & ! tasks %e 0   
set to2 & f h] innoc5t conv]sation ,i   
discov]$1 z *ildr5 d1 )\t at ! "t tak+  
mu* he$1 b yet s z to rememb] x aft]w>d1
 :at especial c>e _h be5 tak5 by h]     
gr&mo!r--t religi\s & discreet lady--to 
in/ill into h] virtue & piety1 & 9 us+  

h]1 beside say+ h] pray]s1 to be/[ alms 
) h] own h&s on prison]s & poor p2 & 9  
p>ticul> to apply h]self to ! cure (    
diseases & w\nds1 :]e9 %e h]self _h ev] 
excell$4 ,mi/ress ,ann1 9 h] *ildi% b   
)al ?\ghtful way1 *ide me t 9 my own    
g>d5 7 only se5 fl[]s :i* pleas$ ! s5ses
 by _! bright colors & p]fume1 & none ( 
! h]bs :i* t5d to ! assuagem5t ( pa9 &  
heal+ ( w\nds2 & %e made me promise to  
gr[ "s aga9/ ! "t ( h] next visit4 ,z we
 w5t ?r\gh ! kit*5-g>d51 %e pluck$ "s   
rosem>y & lav5d] & rue1 & _m o!r        
odorif]\s h]bs2 & sitt+ d[n on a b5*1 %e
 invit$ me to h] side1 & disc\rs$ on _! 
sev]al virtues & prop]ties ) a pretty   
sort ( le>n+ :i* 0 m>vell\s 9 "o ( h]   
ye>s4 ,%e %[$ me :i* 7 good = promot+   
sleep1 & :i* = cuts & bruises1 & ( a    
?ird %e said x eas$ ! he>t4  ,nay1      
,mi/ress ,ann1 ,i cri$1 b t mu/ be a    
he>tsease2 at :i* %e smil$1 & answ]$3   
,my gr&am says ! be/ m$ic9es = uneasy   
he>ts are ! bitt] h]b confession & !    
sweet fl[] absolution4  ,h y yet made   

y\r fir/ communion1 ,mi/ress ,ann8 ,i   
ask$ 9 a l[ voice1 at :i* "q a bright   
color came into h] *eek1 & %e repli$3   
,n yet2 b soon ,i may4 ,i 0 confirm$ n  
long ago by ! good ,bi%op ( ,durham2 &  
at my gr&mo!r's seat ,i am to be        
in/ruct$ by a ,ca?olic prie/ :o lives   
!re4  ,!n y d n g to ,prote/ant s]vice8 
,i said4  ,we did1 %e answ]$1 = a %ort  
"t1 :il/ we /ay$ at ! ,*>t]h\se2 b my   
gr&am has und]/ood t x is n lawful =    
,ca?olics1 & %e w n be pres5t at x      
h]self1 or suff] u any m to att5d x1    
nei!r 9 h] own h\se nor at 8 grace's4   
,:ile we 7 ?us talk+1 ! two little      
ladies1 h] si/]s1 came f ! h\se1 hav+   
crav$ leave f ! gov]ness to run out into
 ! #hd g>d54 ,mi/ress ,m>y 0 a pale     
delicate *ild1 ) s(t lov+ blue eyes2 &  
,mi/ress ,bess1 ! y\nge/1 a m]ry imp1 ^:
 rosy *eeks & dimpl+ smiles 7 full (    
glee & m]rim5t4  ,:at ugly sob] fl[]s   
are ^!1 ,nan1 t ?\ art play+ )8 %e cri$1
 & snat*$ at ! h]bs 9 h] si/]'s lap4 ,:5
 ,i m>ry my ,"l ,william ,h[>d1 ,i'll   

we> a posy ( roses & c>nations4  ,:5 ,i 
am m>ri$1 said little ,mi/ress ,m>y1 ,i 
w we> no?+ b lilies4  ,& :at %all be ?y 
posy1 ,nan8 said ! little saucy "o aga91
 :5 ?\ do/ w$ my ,"l ,surrey8  ,hu%1    
hu%1 madcaps6 cri$ ,mi/ress ,ann4 ,if   
y\r gr&am 0 to he> y1 ,i d\bt n b ! rod 
w\ld be call$ =4  ,mi/ress ,m>y look$   
r\nd affright$1 b little ,mi/ress ,bess 
said 9 a funny mann]1 ,pri!e1 ,nan1 d   
rods !n travel8  ,ay2 by t same tok51   
,bess1 t ,i he>d my lady bid ?y nurse   
take c>e to c>ry "o ) h]4  ,x 0 nurse   
told me ,i 0 to m>ry my ,"l ,william1 & 
,madge my ,"l ,?omas1 & !e1 ,nan1 my ,"l
 ,surrey1 & bro!r pretty ,meg ,h[>d1    
said ! little lady1 p\t+2 b ,i won't    
tell gr&am ( x an x w\ld be l to make h]
 angry4  ,i w\ld be a nun6 ,mi/ress ,m>y
 cri$4  ,hu%6 h] eld] si/] said2 t is   
fooli% talk+1 ,madge2 my gr&mo!r told me
 s :5 ,i said ! same ?+ to h] a ye> ago4
 ,*ildr5 d n "k :at ,almighty ,god      
int5ds !m to d4 ,& n[ me?9ks ,i see     
,uncle ,lab\rn mak+ z if he w\ld call u 

to ! h\se1 & !re are ! horses com+ to ! 
door4 ,we mu/ ne$s obey ! summons4      
,pri!e1 ,mi/ress ,con/ance1 d n =get me4
  ,=get h]6 ,no4 ,f t day to ?is ye>s h 
pass$ ov] our heads & left deep sc>s on 
our he>ts4 ,div]s p]iods ( our lives h  
be5 signaliz$ by _m a /range passage2 we
 h rejoic$1 &1 (t5] /ill1 wept toge!r2  
we h met 9 trembl+1 & p>t$ 9 angui%2 b  
?r\gh sorr[ & ?r\gh joy1 ?r\gh evil     
report & good report1 9 ri*es & 9       
pov]ty1 9 y\? & 9 age1 ,i h bless$ ! day
 :5 fir/ ,i met !e1 sweet ,ann ,dacre1 !
 faire/1 pure/ fl[] :i* ev] grew on a   
noble /em4    ,,*apt] ,,ii4  ,a ye>     
elaps$ betwixt ! p]iod ( ! s brief1 b to
 me s memorable1 visit ( ! welcome/     
gue/s our h\se ev] receiv$--to wit1 my  
,lady ,m\nteagle & h] gr&-daught]s--& t 
9 :i* ,i met ) an accid5t1 :i* compell$ 
my p>5ts to c>ry me to ,li*field =      
*irurgical advice4 ,f\r times 9 ! c\rse 
( t ye> ,i 0 honor$ ) lett]s writ by !  
h& ( ,mi/ress ,ann ,dacre2 p>tly1 z !   
graci\s "y lady said1 by reason ( h]    

gr&mo!r's desire t ! bud acqua9tance%ip 
:i* _h spr\t$ 9 ! %ort-liv$ season ( !  
a=esaid visit %\ld1 by su* int]c\rse z  
may be c>ri$ on by means ( lett]s1      
blossom into a fl[] ( true fri5d%ip2 &  
also t t wor?y lady & my good "m will$  
su* a correspond5ce betwixt u z w\ld    
s]ve to ! %>p5+ ( our wits1 & ! us+ our 
p5s to be good s]vants to our ?\ghts4 ,9
 ! c\rse ( ?is hi/ory ,i w set d[n at   
int]vals "s ( ! lett]s ,i receiv$ at    
div]s times f ?is noble lady2 s t ^? :o 
read ^! innoc5t pictures ( h]self1      
portray$ by h] own h&1 may trace !      
beg9n+s ( ^? virtu\s incl9ations :i* at 
an e>ly age 7 already work+ 9 h] s\l1 & 
ev] aft] appe>$ 9 h]4  ,on ! #ae? day ( 
,janu>y ( ! next ye> to t 9 :i* my eyes 
_h fea/$ on ?is creature s embelli%$ )  
r>e end[m5ts & #he accompli%$           
gracefulness1 ! fir/ lett] ,i _h f h]   
came to my h&2 ! fir/ l9k ( a *a9 :i*   
knit toge!r h] he>t & m9e ?r\gh long    
seasons ( abs5ce & sore tr\bles1 to !   
great com=t+1 z %e 0 (t5 pleas$ to say1 

( h]self1 :o 0 s f> above me 9 rank1 :om
 %e *ose to call h] fri5d1 & ( ! poor   
fri5d & s]vant :om %e ?us honor$ beyond 
h] des]ts4 ,9 z pretty a h&writ+ z c    
well be ?\ght (1 %e ?us wrote3    ,,my  
,,sweet ,,mi/ress ,,con/ance1   --,?\gh 
,i enjoy$ y\r company b = ! too brief "t
 dur+   :i* we re/$ "u y\r honor$ p>5ts'
 ro(1 ,i reta9 s great   a s5se ( !     
cont5tm5t ,i receiv$ !refrom1 & s lively
 a   remembrance ( ! conv]se we held 9 !
 gr\nds adjac5t to   ,%]wood ,hall1 t ,i
 am bett] pleas$ ?an ,i c well express t
   my gr&mo!r bids me sit d[n & write to
 "o :om to see & to   conv]se ) once m  
w\ld be to me "o ( ! *iefe/ pleasures   
9 life4 ,& ! m welcome is ?is comm& by  
reason ( ! hope   x raises 9 me to      
receive 9 return a lett] f my           
well-belov$   ,mi/ress ,con/ance1 :i* w 
d my he>t m good ?an any?+   else t c   
happ5 to me4 ',tis said t m>riages are  
made 9   heav54 ,:5 ,i ask$ my gr&am if 
x 7 s1 %e said1 ',i am (   op9ion1 ,nan1
 !y are made 9 _m m places ?an "o2 & ,i 

w\ld to ,god none 7 made b su* z are    
agre$ ^u 9 s good a   place4' ,b me?9ks 
"s fri5d%ips are likewise made 9 heav52 
& if x be s1 ,i d\bt n b t :5 we met1 & 
out ( t   brief meet+ !re arose s great 
& sudd5 a lik+ 9 my he>t   = y1 ,mi/ress
 ,con/ance1--:i*1 ,i ?ank ,god1 y 7 n   
sl[   to reciprocate1--t our angels _h  
met :]e we hope "o day to be1   & agre$ 
toge!r t\*+ t matt]4    ,x suits ill a  
bad p5 l m9e to describe ! fair seat we 
reside 9 at ?is pres5t "t--! h\se ( ,mr4
 ,james ,lab\rn1   :i* he has l5t unto  
my gr&mo!r4 ',tis mo/ commodi\s &       
pleasant1 & aft] long soj\rn 9 ,london1 
ev5 9 w9t]1 a   t]re/rial p>adise4 ,b1 l
 ! g>d5 ( ,ed51 n )\t   dang]s2 = ! too 
mu* delight ,i took 9 out-(-doors       
pa/imes--   & mo/ ( all on ! lake :5 x 0
 froz51 & we _h m]ry   sports ^u x1 to !
 neglect ( my lessons1 n he$+ ! lapse   
( "t 9 ! pursuit ( pleasure--br\ght me  
into tr\ble & sore   disgrace4 ,my      
gr&mo!r ord]$ me into conf9em5t = ?ree  
days   9 my own *amb]1 & ,i saw h] n nor

 receiv$ h] bless+ all   t "t2 at ! end 
( :i* %e %>ply reprov$ me = my fault1   
& bade me hold 9 m9d t 'twas :5 loit]+ 9
 a g>d5 ,eve   met ! tempt]1 & ?reat5$  
fur!r & sev]e puni%m5t if ,i   appli$ n 
dilig5tly to my /udies4 ,:5 ,i _h knelt 
d[n &   begg$ p>don1 promis+ am5dm5t1 %e
 drew me to h] & kiss$   me1 :i* x 0 n  
h] wont (t5 to d4 ',nan1' %e said1 ',i  
w\ld   h !e use ?y natural p>ts1 &      
improve ?yself 9 virtue &   le>n+2 = su*
 is ! extremity ( ! times1 t ere long x 
may be t _m fir/ %all be la/ & _m la/   
%all be fir/ 9   ?is realm ( ,engl&4 ,b 
virtue & le>n+ are prop]ties :i*   no   
man c /eal f ano!r2 & ,i w\ld fa9 see !e
 end[$   ) a goodly /ore ( bo?4 ,t great
 man & true confessor1 ,sir   ,?omas ,m1
 _h no?+ s mu* at he>t z 8 daught]'s    
in/ruction2 & ,mi/ress ,m>g>et ,rop]1   
once my sweet fri5d1   ?\gh "s ye>s old]
 ?an my poor self1 :o /ill lam5ts h]    
loss1 _h su* f9e ?+s said ( h] by !     
greate/ m5 ( ?is   age1 z w\ld a/oni% !e
 to he>2 b !y 7 :at %e _h a   "r to & v 

well des]v$4 ,& ! /r5g!n+ ( h] m9d      
?r\gh /udy & religi\s discipl9e s]v$ #hf
 h] well at !   "t ( h] great tr\ble2 = 
:]e o!r wom5 w\ld h lack$   s5se &      
c\rage h[ to act1 %e kept h] wits ab\t  
h]1 &   m9i/]$ su* com=t to h] fa!r1    
rema9+ ne> him at !   la/1 & tak+ note (
 8 wi%es1 & f9d+ means to bury him   9 a
 ,*ri/ian mann]1 :i* none o!r dur/      
attempt1 t %e _h   occasion to ?ank ,god
 :o gave h] a head z well z a he>t4 ,&  
:o kn[s1 ,nan1 :at may befal !e1 & :at  
ne$ ?\ may/ h   ( ! l advantages8'      
,my gr&mo!r look$ s k9dly on me !n1 t1  
albeit aba%$ at   ! remembrance ( my    
fault1 ,i s\ght to move h] to fur!r     
disc\rse2 & kn[+ :at great pleasure %e  
_h 9 speak+ (   ,sir ,?omas ,m1 at ^:   
h\se 9 ,*elsea %e _h (t5times be5 a     
visitor 9 h] y\?1 ,i entic$ h] to x by  
cunn+ que/ions   t\*+ ! cu/oms he obs]v$
 9 8 family4    ',ah1 ,nan6' %e said1 t 
h\se 0 a s*ool & ex]cise ( !   ,*ri/ian 
religion4 ,!re 0 nei!r man nor woman 9 x
 :o 0   n employ$ 9 lib]al discipl9e &  

fruitful read+1 al?\gh   ! pr9cipal /udy
 0 religion4 ,!re 0 no qu>rell+1 n s    
mu* z a peevi% ^w to be he>d2 nor 0 any 
"o se5 idle2 all   7 9 _! sev]al        
employs3 nor 0 !re want+ sob] mir?4   ,&
 s well-manag$ a gov]nm5t ,sir ,?omas   
did n ma9ta9 by   sev]ity & *id+1 b by  
g5tl5ess & k9dness4'    ,me?\ght z %e   
said ?is1 t my de> gr&am 9 t matt] (    
*id+ _h n tak5 a leaf out ( ,sir        
,?omas's book2 & !re 0   no d\bt a      
transp>5cy 9 my face :i* reveal$ to h]  
?is   ?\ght ( m9e2 = %e /raightly look$ 
at me & said1 ',nan1 a   p5ny = ?y      
?\ghts6' at ! :i* ,i felt myself blu%+1 
b   knew no?+ w\ld s]ve h] b ! tru?2 s  
,i said1 9 z humble   a mann] z ,i c\ld 
?9k (1 ',an if y w excuse me1 gr&am1 ,i 
?\ght if ,sir ,?omas manag$ s well )\t  
*id+1 t y   manage well ) x4' ,at ! :i* 
%e gave me a light nip on !   =ehead1 & 
said1 ',g to1 *ild2 do/ ?9k t any b     
sa9ts   c rule a h\sehold )\t *id+1 or  
tra9 *ildr5 )\t   :ipp+8 ,g ?y ways1 &  
m5d !m too1 if ?\ w\ld/ escape          

*a/isem5t2 & take ) !e1 ,nan1 ! words ( 
"o :om we   %all nev] aga9 see ! l ( 9  
?is poor c\ntry1 :i* he   us$ to 8 wife 
or any ( 8 *ildr5 if !y 7 diseas$ or    
tr\bl$1 ,we mu/ n look at our pleasures 
to g to heav5 9   fea!r-b$s1 or to be   
c>ri$ up ?i!r ev5 by ! *9s4' ,&   s %e  
dismiss$ me2 & ,i h "h set d[n my fault1
 & !   s+ul> goodness %[$ me by my      
gr&mo!r :5 x 0 p>don$1   n ?9k+ ,i c    
write any?+ bett] wor? notice ?an !     
virtu\s talk ) :i* %e !n favor$ me4     
,!re is 9 ?is h\se a *apel v neat & ri*1
 & an anci5t   ,ca?olic prie/ is "h1 :o 
says mass mo/ days2 at ! :i* we1   ) my 
gr&mo!r1 assi/1 & su* ( h] s]vants z h n
   con=m$ to ! times2 & ?is good fa!r   
in/ructs u 9 !   pr9ciples ( ,ca?olic   
religion4 ,on ! eve ( ! fea/ ( !        
,nativity ( ,*ri/1 my lady /ay$ 9 !     
*apel f eight at night   till two 9 !   
morn+2 b s5t u to b$ at n9e1 aft] !     
litanies 7 said1 until elev51 :5 !re 0 a
 s]mon1 & at   twelve o'clock ?ree      
masses said1 :i* be+ end$ we broke our  

fa/ ) a m9ce-pie1 & w5t aga9 to b$4 ,&  
all !   ,*ri/mas-"t we 7 all[$ two h\rs 
aft] ea* meal =   recreation1 in/ead (  
"o4 ,at o!r times1 we play n at any game
   = money2 b !n we _h a %ill+ a-piece  
to make u m]ry2   :i* my gr&mo!r says is
 fitt+ 9 ?is "t ( mir? & joy   = 8 bir? 
:o is ! sole orig9 & spr+ ( true com=t4 
,&   n[1 sweet ,mi/ress ,con/ance1 ,i   
mu/ bid y f>ewell2 = !   greate/ ( #hg  
joys has befall5 me1 & a :ole holiday to
 enjoy   x4 ,my sweet ,"l ,dacre is come
 to pay 8 duty to my lady & t>ry   "s   
days "h1 on 8 way to ,!t=d1 ! ,duke (   
,norfolk's seat1   :]e 8 grace & !      
du*ess my good "m h remov$4 ,he is a    
beauty1 ,mi/ress ,con/ance2 & nature has
 s pr(usely conf]r$ on   him privileges1
 t :5 h] maje/y ! que5 saw him a %ort "t
   back on horseback1 9 ! p>k at        
,ri*mond1 %e call$ him to h]            
c>riage-door & honor$ him ) a kiss1 & ! 
motto ( !   f9e/ boy %e ev] beheld4 ,b  
,i may n run on 9 ?is fa%ion1   lett+ my
 p5 out/rip mode/y1 l a fooli% creature1

 mak+ my   bro!r a look+-glass &        
cont9ual object = my eyes2 b le>n   to  
love him1 z my gr&am says1 9 ,god1 ( :om
 he is only   borr[$1 & n s z to set my 
he>t :olly on him4 ,s besee*+   ,god    
bless y & y\rs1 good ,mi/ress ,con/ance1
 ,i ev] rema91   y\r lov+ fri5d & humble
 s]vant1    ,,ann ,,dacre4  ,oh1 h[ soon
 7 my ,lady ,m\nteagle's words exalt$ 9 
! ev5t6 & :at a sad brief note 0 p5n$ by
 t affectionate si/] n "o mon? aft] %e  
writ ^? l9es1 s full ( hope & pleasure 9
 ! prospect ( h] bro!r's sweet company6 
,= ! fair boy t 0 ! cont9ual object ( h]
 eyes & ! de> com=t ( h] he>t 0         
accid5tally sla9 by ! fall ( a vault+   
horse ^u him at ! duke's h\se at ,!t=d4 
,,my ,,good ,,mi/ress ,,con/ance   7%e  
wrote1 a few days aft] 8 lam5table      
dea?71--,! lov+e/   bro!r a si/] ev] _h1
 & ! mo/ graci\s creature ev] born1   is
 dead2 & if x pleas$ ,god ,i wi% ,i 7   
dead too1 = my he>t   is well-nigh      
brok54 ,b ,i hope 9 ,god 8 s\l is n[ 9  
heav51   = t he 0 s "y & innoc5t2 & :5  

"h1 a %ort "t   ago1 my gr&mo!r procur$ 
t he %\ld = ! fir/1 & z x   has pleas$  
,god also = ! only & ! la/1 "t1 confess 
& be   absolv$ by a ,ca?olic prie/1 9 ! 
:i* ! h& ( ,provid5ce   is visible to   
our great com=t1 & reasonable hope ( 8  
salvation4 ,comm5d+ him & y\r poor      
fri5d1 :o has great ne$   ( !m1 to y\r  
good pray]s1 ,i rema9 y\r affectionate &
 humble   s]vant1    ,,ann ,,dacre4   ,9
 t ye> di$ also1 9 *ildbir?1 h] grace ! 
,du*ess ( ,norfolk1 ,mi/ress ,ann's "m2 
& %e !n wrote 9 a less passionate1 b )al
 less com=table1 grief ?an at h] bro!r's
 loss1 &1 z ,i h he>d s9ce1 my ,lady    
,m\nteagle _h h] dea?-bl[ at t "t1 &    
nev] lift$ up h] head aga9 z h]et(ore4  
,x 0 notic$ t ev] aft] %e sp5t m "t 9   
pray] & gave great] alms4 ,h] daught]1 !
 du*ess1 :o at ! in/ance ( h] husb& _h  
con=m$ to ! times1 desir$ to h be5      
reconcil$ on h] dea?b$ by a prie/1 :o = 
t end 0 conduct$ into ! g>d51 yet c\ld n
 h access unto h] by reason ( ! duke's  
vigilance to h9d] x1 or at lea/ ( 8     

cont9ual pres5ce 9 h] *amb] at ! "t4 ,& 
soon aft]1 8 grace1 ^: w>ds !y 71 s5t = 
8 ?ree /ep-daught]s to ! ,*>t]h\se2 !   
p>t+ ) :i*1 & ! fe>s %e ent]ta9$ t he   
w\ld h !m c>ri$ to s]vices & s]mons 9 ! 
public *ur*es1 & h9d] !m 9 ! ex]cise (  
,ca?olic fai? & wor%ip1 drove ! sword   
yet deep] ?r\gh my ,lady ,m\nteagle's   
he>t1 & br\ght d[n h] gray hairs ) sorr[
 to ! grave1 not)/&+ t ! duke greatly   
e/eem$ & respect$ h]1 & 0 a v moral     
nobleman1 ( exce$+ good temp] & mod]ate 
disposition4 ,b ( ?is m anon1 z 'tis my 
own hi/ory ,i am writ+1 & x is meet ,i  
%\ld relate 9 ! ord] ( "t :at ev5ts came
 "u my notice :il/ 9 #hh ,li*field1 :i!r
 my "m c>ri$ me1 z has be5 a=esaid1 to  
be treat$ by a fam\s physician = a sev]e
 hurt ,i _h receiv$4 ,x 0 deem$ conv5i5t
 t ,i %\ld t>ry "s "t "u 8 c>e2 & ,mr4  
,g5+s1 a k9sman ( h] own1 :o ) 8 wife & 
*ildr5 resid$ 9 t t[n1 "o ( ! *iefe/ 9 !
 c\nty1 (f]$ to keep me 9 _! h\se z long
 z 0 conv5i5t !reunto a k9dness :i* my  
p>5ts ! m readily accept$ at 8 h&s f _! 

hav+ (t5 %[n ! l unto 8 *ildr5 :5 ! air 
( ! c\ntry 0 desir$ = !m4  ,mr4 & ,mrs4 
,g5+s 7 ( ! religion by law e/abli%$4   
,he 0 ?\ght to be ,ca?olic at he>t2     
albeit he 0 (t5 he>d to speak v bitt]ly 
aga9/ all :o obey$ n ! que5 9 con=m+ to 
! new mode ( wor%ip1 ) ! exception1     
inde$1 ( my "m1 = :om he _h always a    
truly great affection4 ,?is g5tleman's  
h\se 0 9 ! close ( ! ca!dral1 & _h a    
g>d5 to x well /or$ ) fair %rubs & fl[]s
 ( v>i\s sorts4 ,z ,i lay on a l[ settle
 ne> ! w9d[1 be+ =bid to walk = ! space 
( ?ree weeks1 my eyes 7 ev] /ray+ f my  
sampl] to ! %ade & sun%9e out ( doors4  
,in/ead ( ply+ at my ne$le1 ,i wat*$ !  
bees at _! sweet labor mid/ !           
honeysuckles ( ! por*1 or ! swall[s d>t+
 9 & out ( ! eaves ( ! ca!dral1 or !    
butt]flies at _! idle sports ov] ! b$s (
 mignonette & heliotrope "u ! l[ wall1  
cov]$ ) ivy1 betwixt ! g>d5 & ! close4  
,mr4 ,g5+s _h two sons1 ! elde/ ( :i* 0 
"s ye>s old] & ! o!r y\ng] ?an myself4  
,! fir/1 ^: "n 0 ,edmund1 _h be5 weakly 

:5 a *ild1 & by reason ( ?is a frequ5t  
soj\rn] at ,%]wood ,hall1 :]e he 0 c>ri$
 = *ange ( air aft] ! _m illnesses      
incid5t to e>ly age4 ,my "m1 :o 0 "s    
ye>s m>ri$ be=e %e _h a *ild ( h] own1  
conceiv$ a truly mat]nal affection = ?is
 "y k9sman1 & took mu* pa9s ) him bo? z 
to ! c>e ( 8 body & ! tra9+ ( 8 m9d4 ,he
 0 an apt pupil1 & %e _h s happy a mann]
 ( imp>t+ k1 t he le>nt m1 z he has s9ce
 said1 9 ^? brief soj\rns 9 h] h\se ?an 
at s*ool f m au/]e ma/]s4 ,aft] ,i came 
into ! _w1 he took delight to rock me 9 
my cradle1 or play ) me z ,i sat on my  
"m's knee2 & :5 ,i fir/ began to walk1  
he w\ld lead me by ! h& into ! g>d51 &  
laugh to see me clut* m>igolds or cry = 
a sunfl[]4  ,i w>rant ?\ ha/ an eye to  
gold1 ,con1 he w\ld say2 = 'tis ! yell[ 
fl[]s t please !e be/4  ,!re is an old  
holl[ tree on ! lawn at ,%]wood ,hall   
:]e ,i (t5 hid f him 9 sport1 & he w\ld 
make pret5ce to seek me else:]e1 till a 
laugh reveal$ me to him1 & a *ase ensu$ 
d[n ! approa* or r\nd ! maze4 ,he nev]  

tir$ ( my petulance1 or spoke rude      
words1 z boys are wont to d2 & _h a m   
s]i\s & contemplative _s ?an is (t5 se5 
9 "y p1 & likewise a s+ul> fancy = gaz+ 
at ! sky :5 gl[+ ) sunset hues or d>k5$ 
by /orms1 & mo/ ( all :5 /udd$ at night 
) />s4 ,on a calm cle> night ,i h notic$
 him = a l5g? ( "t1 =gett+ all ?+s else1
 fix 8 eyes on ! heav5s1 z if read+ !   
glory ( ! ,"l !re9 reveal$4  ,my p>5ts  
did n speak to him ( ,ca?olic fai? &    
wor%ip1 because ,mr4 ,g5+s1 be=e he     
suff]$ 8 sons to /ay 9 _! h\se1 _h made 
!m promise t no talk ( religion %\ld be 
m9i/]$ to !m 9 _! *ildhood4 ,x 0 a sore 
trial to my "m to refra91 z ! ,psalmi/  
sai?1 f good words1 :i* 7 ev] ris+ f h] 
he>t to h] lips1 z pure wat] f a deep   
spr+4 ,b %e in/ruct$ him 9 _m ?+s :i*   
belong to g5tle le>n+1 & 9 ,fr5*1 :i* %e
 knew well2 & #hi taught him music1 9   
:i* he made great progress4 ,& ?is      
wr\ght ) 8 fa!r to ! fur!rance ( ^! 8   
visits to u4 ,i d\bt n b t1 :5 %e told  
him ! names ( ! heav5ly lum9>ies1 %e    

inw>dly pray$ he might "o day %9e z a />
 9 ! k+dom ( ,god2 or :5 %e disc\rs$ (  
fl[]s & _! prop]ties1 t he %\ld blossom 
z a rose 9 ! wild]ness ( ?is fai?less   
_w2 or :il/ guid+ 8 h&s to play on !    
clavi*ord1 t he might "o day jo9 9 !    
glori\s h>mony ( ! cele/ial *oirs4 ,h]  
face itself 0 a prea*m5t1 & ! tones ( h]
 voice1 & ! tremul\s sighs %e brea!d :5 
%e kiss$ him or gave him h] bless+1 _h1 
,i we51 a privilege to rea* 8 he>t1 !   
goodness ( :i* 0 readable 9 8 c\nt5ance4
 ,de> ,edmund ,g5+s1 ?\ w]t inde$ a     
bro!r to me 9 k9d c>e & companion%ip    
:il/ ,i /ay$ 9 ,li*field t              
nev]-to-be-=gott5 ye>6 ,h[ g5tly did/ ?\
 m9i/] to ! sick *ild1 = ! fir/ "t ta/+ 
! cup ( suff]+2 n[ eas+ h] head ) a s(t 
pill[1 n[ /rew+ h] c\* ) fre%-ga!r$     
fl[]s1 or fe$+ h] ) fruit :i* _h ! bloom
 on x1 or tak+ h] h& & hold+ x 9 ?9e own
 to *e] h] to endurance6 ,?\ w]t s      
pati5t & s lov+1 bo? ) h] :o 0 a great  
tr\ble to !e & (t5times fretful ) pa91 &
 likewise ) ?9e own little bro!r1 an    

angel 9 beauty & wit1 b )al ( s petulant
 & fr[>d a disposition t none 9 ! h\se  
dur/ contradict him1 *ild z he 02 = 8   
p>5ts 7 inde$ weak 9 _! fondness = him4 
,9 no place & at no "t h ,i se5 a boy s 
indulg$ & s c>ess$ z ?is ,john ,g5+s4   
,he _h a pretty wilfulness & su* playful
 ways t 8 v faults f\nd favor ) ^? :o   
%\ld h correct$ !m1 & he got praise :]e 
o!rs w\ld h met ) *a/isem5t4 ,edmund's  
love = ?is fair ur*9 0 su* z is seldom  
se5 9 any save 9 a p>5t = a *ild4 ,x 0  
laughable to see ! lovely imp gov]n+ "o 
:o %\ld h be5 8 ma/]1 b ?r\gh mu* love 0
 8 slave1 & 9 a ?\s& cunn+ ways1 & by   
fanciful tricks1 con/ra9+ him to d 8    
bidd+4 ,nev] 0 a m wayw>d _s enclos$ 9 a
 m w9some =m ?an 9 ,john ,g5+s4 ,nev]   
did *ildi% gracefulness rule m          
absolutely ov] sup]ior age1 or love     
rev]se ! conditions ( ord9>y supremacy1 
?an 9 ! p]sons ( ^! two bro!rs4  ,a     
/range ?+ occurr$ at t "t1 :i* ,i       
witness$ n myself1 & on :i* ,i c give no
 op9ion1 b z a fact w "h set x d[n1 &   

let su* z read ?is /ory deem ( x z !y   
please4 ,"o night t1 by reason ( !      
unwont$ *ill9ess ( ! ev5+1 su* z        
sometimes occurs 9 our climate ev5 9    
summ]1 a fire _h be5 lit 9 ! p>lor1 & ! 
family 7 ga!r$ r\nd x1 ,edmund came ( a 
sudd5 into ! room1 & e "o took notice t 
8 face 0 v pale4 ,he seem$ 9 a great    
fe>1 & :isp]$ to 8 "m1 :o said --,?\ mu/
 h be5 asleep1 & art /ill dream+1 *ild4 
,^u :i* he 0 v urg5t = h] to g into !   
g>d51 & us$ _m entreaties !reunto4 ,^u  
:i*1 at la/1 %e rose & foll[$ him4 ,9   
ano!r mom5t %e call$ = h] husb&1 :o w5t 
out1 & ) him ?ree or f\r o!r p]sons t 7 
9 ! room1 & ,i rema9$ alone = ! space ( 
t5 or fifte5 m9utes4 ,:5 !y return$1 ,i 
he>d !m speak+ ) great fe> & amazem5t ( 
:at !y _h se52 & ,edmund ,g5+s has (t5  
s9ce describ$ to me :at he fir/1 &      
aft]w>d all ! o!rs1 _h beheld 9 ! sky4  
,he 0 gaz+ at ! heav5s1 z 0 8 wont1 :5 a
 /range spectacle appe>$ to him 9 ! air4
 ,z x 71 a numb] ( arm$ m5 ) weapons1   
kill+ & murd]+ o!rs t 7 dis>m$1 & great 

/ore ( blood runn+ ev]y:]e ab\t !m4 ,8  
p>5ts & ^? ) !m witness$ ! same ?+1 & a 
great #ij fe> fell ^u !m all4 ,i notic$ 
t all t ev5+ !y seem$ sc>$1 & c\ld n    
speak ( ?is appe>ance 9 ! sky )\t       
%udd]+4 ,b "o t 0 m bold ?an ! re/ took 
he>t1 & cri$1 ,god s5d x does n =bode t 
! ,papi/s w murd] u all 9 our b$s6 ,&   
,mi/ress ,g5+s1 ^: "m 0 a ,fr5*         
,hugu5ot1 said1 ,am56 ,i m>k$ t h] husb&
 & "o or two m ( ! company groan$1 & "o 
made1 z if unwitt+ly1 ! sign ( ! cross4 
,!re 7 "s ,i "k 9 t t[n1 nay & 9 t h\se1
 t 7 at he>t ( ! old religion1 albeit1  
by reason ( ! times1 !y did n give ov]  
att5d+ ,prote/ants' wor%ip4  ,a few days
 lat] ,i 0 sitt+ alone1 & _h a long fit 
( mus+ ov] ! _m new ?\ghts t 7 cr[d+    
into my m9d1 z yet too *ildi% to ma/]   
!m1 :5 ,edmund came 91 & ,i saw he _h   
be5 weep+4 ,he said no?+ at fir/1 & made
 believe he 0 read+2 b ,i c\ld see te>s 
trickl+ d[n ?r\gh 8 f+]s z he cov]$ 8   
face ) 8 h&s4 ,pres5tly he look$ up &   
cri$ out1  ,c\s9 ,con/ance1 ,jack is go+

 away f u4  ,& if x please ,god1 n = a  
long "t1 ,i answ]$2 = x griev$ me to see
 him sad4  ,nay1 b he is go+ = _m ye>s1 
,i fe>1 ,edmund said4 ,my uncle1 ,jean  
de ,luc1 has ask$ = him to be br\ght up 
9 8 h\se at ,la ,ro*elle4 ,he is 8      
godfa!r1 & has a great /ore ( money1 :i*
 he says he w leave to ,jack4 ,alack6   
c\s9 ,con/ance1 ,i w\ld t !re 0 no su*  
?+ 9 ! _w z money1 & no su* c\ntry z    
,france4 ,i wi% we 7 all dead4 ,& !n he 
fell to weep+ aga9 v bitt]ly4  ,i told  
him 9 a *ildi% mann] :at my "m 0 wont to
 say to me :5 any little tr\ble fell to 
my lot--t we %\ld be pati5t1 & (f] up   
our suff]+s to ,god4  ,b ,i c d no?+ n[ 
= ,jack1 he cri$4 ,x 0 my fir/ ?\ght at 
wak+ & my la/ at night1 h[ to please !  
de> ur*92 b n[ 'tis all ov]4  ,oh1 b    
,edmund1 ,i cri$1 an if y 7 to be z good
 z ! bless$ sa9ts 9 heav51 y c\ld d a   
great deal = ,jack4  ,h[ s1 c\s9        
,con/ance8 he ask$1 n compreh5d+ my     
mean+2 & !reupon ,i answ]$3  ,:5 once ,i
 said to my sweet "m1 ',x grieves me1   

de> he>t1 t ,i c give !e no?+1 :o gives 
me s mu*1' %e bade me take he$ t e pray]
 we say1 e good "w we d1 h[soev]        
imp]fect1 & e pa9 we suff]1 may be (f]$ 
up = ^? we love2 & s out ( pov]ty1 &    
weakness1 & sorr[1 we h :]e) to make    
preci\s & co/ly & *e]ful gifts4  ,i     
spoke z a *ild1 repeat+ :at ,i _h he>d2 
b he li/5$ n z a *ild4 ,a sudd5 light   
came into 8 eyes1 & me?9ks 8 good angel 
%[$ him 9 t h\r m ?an my poor lips c\ld 
utt]4  ,if x be z y\r sweet "m says1 he 
joyfully cri$1 we are ri* inde$2 &1 ev5 
?\gh we be s9n]s & n sa9ts1 we h some:at
 to give1 ,i we51 if x be only our      
he>ta*es1 c\s9 ,con/ance1 s !y be       
season$ ) pray]s4  ,! ?\ght :i* 9 my    
simplicity ,i _h set be=e him took root1
 z x 71 9 8 m9d4 ,8 love = a little *ild
 _h prep>$ ! way = x2 & ! great bro!rly 
affection :i* _h s long dwelt 9 8 he>t  
prov$ a h>b+] ( ! m p]fect gift ( *>ity2
 s t a heav5ly message 0 p]*ance convey$
 to him t day by "o :o likewise 0 a     
*ild1 ev5 z ! ^w ( ! ,"l came to !      

prophet ?r\gh ! lips ( ! infant ,samuel4
 ,f t "t =w>d he bore up bravely aga9/ 8
 grief2 :i* 0 ! %>p] inasmu* t he :o 0 !
 cause ( x %[$ none 9 return1 b r joy 9 
! expectancy ( ! *ange :i* 0 to "p !m4  
,he #ia w\ld /ill be a-prattl+ on x1 &  
tell+ all :o came 9 8 way t he 0 go+ to 
,france to a good uncle2 nor ev] int5d$ 
to return1 = 8 "m 0 to c>ry him to ,la  
,ro*elle1 & %e %\ld /ay !re ) him1 he   
said1 & n come back to ugly ,li*field4  
,& art ?\ n sorry1 ,jack1 ,i ask$ him "o
 day1 to leave poor ,edmund1 :o loves !e
 s well8  ,! little madcap 0 c\rs+ r\nd 
! room1 & cri$1 z he ran pa/ me1 = he _h
 m wit & _s ?an s5se or mann]s3  ,edmund
 mu/ seek aft] me1 & take pa9s to f9d   
me1 if s be he w\ld h me4  ,^! words1   
:i* ! boy said 9 8 play1 h (t5 come back
 to my m9d s9ce ! two bro!rs h atta9$   
unto a happy ?\gh dissimil> end4  ,:5 ! 
"t _h arriv$ = ,mi/ress ,g5+s & h]      
y\nge/ son to g beyond seas1 z ,i 0 n[  
improv$ 9 heal? & able to walk1 my fa!r 
fet*$ me home1 & prevail$ on ,mr4 ,g5+s 

to let ,edmund g back ) u1 ) ! int5t to 
div]t 8 m9d f 8 grief at 8 bro!r's      
dep>ture4  ,i f\nd my p>5ts greatly     
di/urb$ at ! news !y _h _h t\*+ !       
imprisonm5t ( ?irte5 prie/s on acc\nt ( 
religion1 & ( ,mr4 ,orton be+ likewise  
arre/$1 :o 0 a g5tleman v de> to !m = 8 
great virtues & ! /eadfa/ fri5d%ip he _h
 ev] %[n to !m4  ,my "m que/ion$ ,edmund
 z to ! sign he _h se5 9 ! heav5s a %ort
 "t back1 ( :i* ! report _h rea*$ !m2 & 
he confirm+ ! tru? !re(1 %e clasp$ h]   
h&s & cri$3  ,!n ,i fe> me mu* ?is      
=ebodes ! dea? ( ^! bless$ confessors1  
,fa!r ,we/on & ! re/4  ,^u :i* ,edmund  
said1 9 a humble mann]3  ,good ,mi/ress 
,%]wood1 my de> "m ?\ght x signifi$ t ^?
 ( y\r religion w\ld murd] 9 _! b$s su* 
z are ( ! que5's religion2 s maybe 9 bo?
 cases !re is naught to appreh5d4  ,my  
good *ild1 my "m answ]$1 9 reg>d ( ^? n[
 9 durance = _! fai?1 ! dang] is s      
manife/1 t if x please n ! ,almighty to 
"w a miracle = _! deliv]ance1 ,i see n  
h[ !y may escape4  ,aft] t we sat a:ile 

9 sil5ce2 my fa!r read+1 my "m & ,i     
work+1 & ,edmund at ! w9d[ int5t z usual
 ^u ! />s1 :i* 7 %9+ "o by "o 9 ! deep  
azure ( ! d>k5+ sky4 ,z "o ( great]     
brightness ?an ! re/ %one ?r\gh !       
bran*es ( ! old tree1 :]e ,i us$ to hide
 "s ye>s be=e1 he po9t$ to x1 & said to 
me1 :o 0 sitt+ ne>e/ to him at ! w9d[3  
,c\s9 ,con/ance1 ?9k y ! ,/> ( ,be?lehem
 %[$ fair] 9 ! skies ?an yon bright /> t
 has j ris5 beh9d y\r favorite oak8 ,:at
 & if t /> _h a message = u6  ,my fa!r  
he>d him1 & smil$4 ,i 0 ev5 !n1 he said1
 read+ ! words ( "o :o 0 l$ to ! true   
religion by ! contemplation ( ! />ry    
skies4 ,9 a ,s\!rn clime1 :]e ^? fair   
lum9>ies %9e ) m spl5dor ?an 9 our      
,nor!rn heav5s1 ,/4 ,augu/9e wrote ?us2 
& !n he read a few s5t5ces 9 ,lat9 f !  
book 9 8 h&1--,rais+ ourselves up1 we   
pass$ by degrees ?r\gh all ?+s bodily1  
ev5 ! v heav5s1 :5ce sun & moon & />s   
%9e ^u ! e>?4 ,yea1 we so>$ yet high] by
 inw>d mus+ & disc\rse & admir+ ( ,god's
 works1 & we came to our own m9ds & w5t 

beyond !m1 s z to arrive at t region (  
nev]-fail+ pl5ty :]e ?\ fe$e/ ,israel = 
ev] ) ! food ( tru?4 ,^! words _h a     
sweet & solemn =ce 9 !m :i* /ruck on !  
e> l a /ra9 ( une>?ly music1 su* z !    
w9d-h>p wakes 9 ! sil5ce ( ! #ib night4 
,9 a l[ voice1 s l[ t x 0 l ! brea?+ ( a
 sigh1 ,i he>d ,edmund say1 ,:at is     
tru?8 ,b :5 he _h utt]$ ^? words1       
/raightway turn+ t[>d me z if to div]t 8
 ?\ghts f t too pi?y "q1 he cri$3       
,pri!e1 c\s9 ,con/ance1 ha/ ?\ end$     
read+1 ,i w>rant = ! hundr$? "t1 t lett]
 9 ?9e h&8 & ha/ ?\ n a m9d to imp>t to 
?y poor k9sman ! sweet conceits ,i d\bt 
n are !re9 conta9$8 ,i c\ld n *oose b   
smile at 8 spee*2 = ,i _h inde$ fea/$ my
 eyes on ! h&writ+ ( my de> fri5d1 n[ no
 long] ,mi/ress ,dacre1 & le>nt (f1 z x 
7 by he>t1 its cont5ts4 ,& albeit ,i    
refus$ at fir/ to comply ) 8 reque/1 :i*
 ,i _h secretly a m9d to2 no soon] did  
he give ov] ! urg+ ( x ?an ,i /ole to 8 
side1 &1 ?\gh ,i w\ld by no means let x 
out ( my h&1 & fold$ d[n "o side ( !    

%eet to hide :at 0 private 9 x1 ,i (f]$ 
to read su* p>ts al\d z treat$ ( matt]s 
:i* might be spok5 ( )\t h9drance4  ,) a
 smil+ c\nt5ance1 !n1 he set himself to 
li/51 & ,i to be ! m\?piece ( ! de>     
writ]1 ^: wit 0 s f> 9 advance ( h]     
ye>s1 z ,i h s9ce _h reason to obs]ve1  
nev] hav+ met at any "t ) "o 9 :om      
wisdom put =? su* e>ly %oots4    ,,de>  
,,mi/ress ,,con/ance   7?us ! sweet lady
 wrote71--,:]e=e ?is long sil5ce &      
neglect ( y\r poor fri5d8 ,an if x be   
true1 :i* pa9s me mu*   to he>1 t ! good
 limb :i*1 toge!r ) its fell[1 l   two  
tru/y footm51 c>ri$ y s well & nimbly   
along ! alleys   ( y\r g>d5 ?is "t la/  
ye>1 has1 l an arrant knave1   play$ fa/
 & loose1 & fail$ 9 its good            
s]vice1--:]e91 ,i am   told1 y h suff]$ 
mu* inconv5i5ce1--is x j t t   o!r      
s]vant1 y\r h&1 %\ld prove rebelli\s    
too1 refuse to   p]=m its (fice1 & write
 no m lett]s at y\r bidd+8 ,=   ,i'll   
w>rant 'tis ! h& is ! culprit1 n ! w2   
:i*   nev]!less %\ld be ma/]1 & compel x

 to ob$i5ce4 ,s1 an   y love me1 *ide   
r\ndly t contumaci\s h&1 :i* fails 9    
its duty1 :i* %\ld n be tr\blesome1 if y
 b _h = me   "o-half ( ! affection ,i h 
= y4 ,& inde$1 ,mi/ress   ,con/ance1 a  
lett] f y w\ld be to me1 at ?is "t1 !   
welcome/ ?+ ,i c ?9k (2 = s9ce we left  
my gr&mo!r's   seat1 & came to !        
,*>t]h\se1 ,i h new fri5ds1 & _m   m &  
great] ?an ,i des]ve or ev] ?\ght to h2 
b1 by   reason ( diff]5ce ( age or (    
religion1 !y are n su* z ,i   c well op5
 my m9d to1 z ,i might to y1 if x pleas$
 ,god we   %\ld meet aga94 ,! ,duke (   
,norfolk is a v good "l &   fa!r to me2 
b :5 !re are m ways ( ?9k+ ?an "o 9 a   
h\se1 'tis no easy matt] to please all  
:i* h a "r to be   consid]$2 &1 9 !     
matt] ( religion1 'tis v h>d to avoid   
giv+ (f5ce4 ,b no m ( ?is at pres5t2    
only ,i w\ld to ,god   ,mr4 ,fox 7      
beyond seas1 & my lady ( ,we/morel& at  
h] home 9   ! ,nor?2 & t we _h no worse 
company 9 ?is h\se ?an ,mr4   ,m>t91 my 
,"l ,surrey's tutor1 :o is a g5tleman ( 

great le>n+   & k1 z e "o says1 & (     
extraord9>y mode/y 9   8 behavior4 ,my  
,"l ,surrey has a truly great reg>d =   
him1 &   pr(its mu* 9 8 le>n+ by 8      
means4 ,i notice he is ,ca?olic   9 8   
judgm5t & affections2 & my "l says he w 
n /ay   ) him1 if 8 grace 8 fa!r        
procures m9i/]s to prea* to   8 h\sehold
 & family1 & obliges all !re9 to frequ5t
   ,prote/ant s]vice4 ,i wi% my gr&mo!r 
0 9 ,london2 = ,i am   sometimes sore   
tr\bl$ 9 my m9d t\*+ ,ca?olic religion &
   con=m+ to ! times1 ( :i* an abundance
 ( talk is m9i/]$   unto u1 to my exce$+
 great discom=t1 by my ,lady ,we/morel&1
   8 grace's #ic si/]1 & o!rs also4 ,an 
if ,i say aught !reon   to ,mi/ress     
,fawcett 7a grave & anci5t g5tlewoman1  
:o _h !   c>e ( my ,"l ,surrey dur+ 8   
infancy1 & is n[ set ov] u   8 grace's  
w>ds71 & ( mislik+ ! duke's m9i/]s & t  
pe/il5t ,mr4 ,fox--7,i fe> me1 ,mi/ress 
,con/ance1 ,i %\ld n h   writ t         
unbeseem+ ^w1 & ,i w e'en draw a l9e    
across x1   b /ill z y may read x =     

inde$ 'tis :at he is2 b 'tis   f himself
 ,i le>nt x1 :o 9 8 s]mons calls        
,ca?olic religion   a pe/il5t idolatry1 
& ,ca?olic prie/s pe/il5t tea*]s &      
s]vants ( ,anti*ri/1 & ! holy ,pope at  
,rome ! man ( s97   %e gr[s uneasy1 &   
bids me be a good *ild to h]1 & n to    
br+ h] into tr\ble ) 8 grace1 :o is     
inde$ a v good   "l to u 9 all matt]s b 
t "o ( compell+ u to he>   s]mons & ! l4
 ,my ,"l ,surrey mislikes all k9ds (    
s]mons1   & loves ,mr4 ,m>t9 s well1 t  
he /ops 8 e>s :5 ,mr4 ,fox   prea*es on 
! d>k midnight ( papacy & ! dawn ( !    
gospel's   re/or$ light4 ,& x ang]s him1
 z well x %\ld1 to he> him   call 8     
maje/y ,k+ ,philip ( ,spa91 :o is 8 own 
godfa!r1   f :om he receiv$ 8 "n1 a     
wick$ popi% tyrant & a son (            
,anti*ri/4 ,my ,lady ,m>g>et1 8 si/]1 :o
 is a ye> y\ng] ?an   himself1 & has a  
mo/ admirable beauty & excell5t good    
nature1   is va/ly tak5 ) :at %e he>s f 
me ( ,ca?olic religion2   b me?9ks ?is  
is p>tly by reason ( h] mislik+ ,mr4    

,fulk &   ,mr4 ,cl>ke's long prea*m5ts1 
:i* we are compell$ to he>k5 to2   & _! 
fa%ion ( sp5d+ ,sunday1 :i* !y d call ! 
,sabba?-day1 :]e9 we mu/ ne$s keep      
sil5ce1 & :5 n 9   *ur* sit /ill at     
home1 :i* to "o ( h] lively disposition 
is   heavy p5ance4 ,me?9ks :5 ,sunday   
comes we be all 9 disgrace2   'tis s l a
 day ( correction4 ,my ,"l ,surrey has m
 lib]ty2   = ,mr4 ,m>t9 c>ries him & 8  
bro!rs aft] s]vice into !   pleasant    
fields ab\t ,we/m9/] ,abbey & ! village 
( ,*>+   ,cross1 & suff]s !m to play at 
ball "u ! trees1 s !y d   n qu>rel      
among/ !mselves4 ,my ,"l ,h5ry ,h[>d1 8 
grace's   bro!r1 always ma9ta9s & def5ds
 ! ,ca?olic religion aga9/   8 si/] (   
,we/morel&2 & he spoke to my uncles     
,leon>d1   ,edw>d1 & ,francis1 &        
likewise to my aunt ,lady ,montague1 t  
!y %\ld write unto my gr&mo!r t\*+ 8    
grace br++ u   up z ,prote/ants4 ,b !   
,duke ( ,norfolk1 ,mrs4 ,fawcett says1  
is   our gu>dian1 & %e appreh5ds he is  
resolv$ t we %all   con=m to ! times1 & 

t no lib]ty be all[$ u = !   ex]cise (  
,ca?olic religion4  ,at ?is "p ( ! lett]
 ,i /opp$ read+2 & ,edmund1 turn+ to my 
fa!r1 :o1 ?\gh he be=e _h p]us$ x1 0    
also li/5+1 said3 ,& if ?is be lib]ty ( 
consci5ce1 :i* ,prote/ants speak (1 ,i  
see no great lib]ty & no great consci5ce
 9 ! matt]4  ,8 *eek flu%$ z he spoke1 &
 !re 0 a ho>s5ess 9 8 voice :i* betok5$ 
! work+ ( /rong feel+s )9 him4 ,my fa!r 
smil$ ) a sort ( pitiful sadness1 &     
answ]$3  ,my good boy1 :5 ?\ art some:at
 fur!r advanc$ 9 ye>s1 ?\ wilt le>n t ! 
two words ?\ art speak+ ( are su* z m5 h
 abus$ ! mean+ ( m ?an any o!rs t c be  
?\ght (2 & ,i pray to ,god !y d n       
cont9ue to d s z long z ! _w la/s4 ,x   
seems to me t !y mo/ly mean by 'lib]ty' 
a fre$om to compel o!rs to ?9k & to act 
z !y h !mselves a m9d to2 & by          
'consci5ce' ! prompt+s ( _! own judgm5ts
 mov$ by _! own passions4  ,b 'tis h>d1 
,edmund said1 'tis at times v h>d1 ,mr4 
,%]wood1 to "k :]eunto consci5ce po9ts1 
9 ! mid/ ( s _m inw>d clamors z are     

rais$ 9 ! s\l by conflict+ passions (   
dutiful affection #id & filial rev]5ce  
/ruggl+ = ! ma/]y4 ,ay1 & no visible    
tok5 ( ,god's w to make t d>kness light4
 ,tis t1 he cri$1 m mov$ z he w5t on1 t 
makes me s (t5 gaze upw>d4 ,w\ld to ,god
 ,i might see a sign 9 ! skies6 = !re   
are no sign-po/s on life's pa? to guide 
u on our way to ! heav5ly ,j]usalem1 :i*
 our m9i/]s speak (4  ,if ?\ dilig5tly  
seeke/ = sign-po/s1 my good boy1 my fa!r
 answ]$1 fe> n b t he :o said1 ',seek1 &
 y %all f9d1' w furni% !e ) !m4 ,he has 
n left himself )\t witnesses1 or 8      
religion to be grop$ aft] 9 hopeless    
d>kness1 s t m5 may n disc]n1 ev5 9 ^!  
tr\bl\s times1 :]e ! tru? lies1 s !y be 
9 e>ne/ 9 _! se>* aft] x4 ,b ,i w n urge
 !e by ! cog5cy ( argum5ts1 or be drawn 
out ( ! res]ve ,i h hi!rto obs]v$ 9 ^!  
matt]s1 :i* be nev]!less ! mightie/ t c 
be ?\ght ( z reg>ds ! s\l's heal?4  ,&  
s1 break+ (f ?is disc\rse1 he walk$ out 
^u ! t]race2 & ,i )drew to ! table1 :]e 
my "m 0 sitt+1 & once m conn$ ov] ! la/ 

pages ( my lady's lett]1 :i*1 :5 ! read]
 ha? read1 he w p]ceive ! writ]'s rank &
 h] "r to be ?us titl$4    ,& n[1       
,mi/ress ,con/ance1 ,i mu/ ne$s in=m y (
 a matt] ,i   w\ld n leave y ignorant (1
 s t y %\ld le>n f   /rang]s :at s ne>ly
 conc]ns "o :om y h a fri5d%ip to--   & 
t is my betro?al ) my ,"l ,surrey4 ,!   
c]emony 0   public1 inasmu* z 0 ne$ful =
 ! solemnis+ ( a contract   :i* is b9d+ 
= life--'until dea? u d "p1' z ! m>riage
   s]vice ha? x4 ,h[ great a *ange ?is  
has wr\ght 9 my ?\ghts1   none kn[s b   
myself2 = ?\gh ,i be b twelve ye>s ( age
 7=   8 grace w\ld h ! c]emony to take  
place on my bir?day71 "o   ye> old] ?an 
y\rself1 & s lately a *ild t n a v long 
"t ago my gr&mo!r w\ld *a/ise me ) h]   
own h&s = my   faults1 ,i n[ am w$d$ to 
my "y "l1 & by 8 grace & all   !        
h\sehold titl$ ,c\ntess ( ,surrey6 ,& ,i
 ?ank ,god to be no   worse mat$2 = my  
"l1 :o is a few mon?s y\ng] ?an me1 & a 
v *ild = frolicksome spirits & wild     
mir?1 has1   not)/&+1 s great a         

pleasantness ( mann]s & s =w>d a   wit1 
t "o mu/ ne$s h pleasure 9 8 company2 & 
,i only   wi% ,i _h m ( x4 ,:il/ we 7   
only fri5ds & playmates1 ,i   us$ to    
*ide & )/& him1 z "o old] & "o m /aid & 
discreet ?an himself2 b1 ah me6 s9ce we 
h be5 w$d$1 'tis   gr& to he> him       
disc\rse on ! duty ( wives1 & quote !   
,bible to %[ !y mu/ obey _! husb&s4 ,he 
c>ries x 9 a v   lordly fa%ion2 & if ,i 
comply n at once ) 8 comm&s1 he   cries 
out :at he has he>d at ! play-h\se3     
',su* duty z ! subject owes ! pr9ce     
,ev5 su* a woman owe? to h] husb&2      
,& :5 %e's fr[>d1 peevi% sull51 s\r1    
,& n ob$i5t to 8 hone/ w1     ,:at is %e
 b a f\l cont5d+ rebel     ,& graceless 
traitor to h] lov+ "l8     ,i am a%am$ t
 wom5 are s simple     ,to (f] w> :]e !y
 %\ld kneel = peace2     ,or seek =     
rule1 supremacy1 or sway1     ,:]e !y   
are b\nd to s]ve1 love1 & obey4'     ,he
 has a mo/ excell5t memory4 ,if he has b
 once he>d out ( any   ,engli% or ,lat9 
book s mu* read z is conta9$ 9 a leaf1  

he   w =?) p]fectly repeat x4 ,my ,"l   
,h5ry1 8 uncle1 = a   trial1 inv5t$     
tw5ty long & difficult words a few days 
back1   :i* he _h nev] se5 or he>d be=e2
 yet did he recite !m   readily1 e "o 9 
! same ord] z !y 7 writt51 hav+   only  
once read !m ov]4 ,b1 t\*+ t matt] (    
ob$i5ce1   :i* ,i c>e n to ga9say1 'tis 
n easy at pres5t to obey my   "l my     
husb&1 & 8 grace 8 fa!r1 & ,mi/ress     
,fawcett1   too1 :o holds z /rict a h&  
ov] ! ,c\ntess ( ,surrey z ov]          
,mi/ress ,ann ,dacre2 = ! comm&s ( ^! my
 rul]s d n at   all times accord3 b ,i  
pray to ,god ,i may d my duty1 & be a   
good   wife to my "l2 & ,i #ie wi%1 z ,i
 said be=e1 my gr&mo!r   _h be5 "h1 & t 
,i _h be5 favor$ ) h] good c\nsel1   &  
_h _h ! b5efit ( %rift & spiritual      
advice ere ,i ent]$   on ?is /age ( my  
life1 :i* is s new to me1 :o 0 b a *ild 
a few weeks ago1 & am yet treat$ z su* 9
 m respects ?an   "o4    ,my "l has told
 me a secret :i* ,hig=d1 8 fa!r's       
s]vant1   let out to him2 & 'tis some?+ 

s weighty & ( s great   import1 t s9ce  
he left me my ?\ghts h be5 truants f my 
books1 & ,monsieur ,seba/ian1 :o comes  
to practice u on ! lute1   /opp$ 8 e>s1 
& cri$ out t ! ,signora ,contessa _h no 
m]cy on him1 s to mur!r 8 compositions4 
,tis n ! "p ( a   true wife to reveal h]
 husb&'s secrets1 or else ,i w\ld tell  
y1   ,mi/ress ,con/ance1 ?is great news1
 :i* ,i c ) tr\ble keep   to myself2 &  
,i %all n be easy till ,i h se5 my "l   
aga91   :i* %\ld be :5 we walk 9 ! g>d5 
?is ev5+2 b ,i pray   to ,god he may n  
be (f in/ead to ! ,mall1 to play at     
kittlep9s2   = !n ,i h small *ance to   
get spee* ) him to-day4 ,mr4   ,m>t9 is 
my v good fri5d1 & rem9ds ! e>l ( 8 duty
 to   8 lady2 b if my "l comes at 8     
bidd+1 :5 he w\ld be   else:]e ?an 9 my 
company1 'tis little cont5tm5t ,i h 9 8 
visits4    ',tis ye/]day ,i writ ?us    
mu*1 & n[ 'tis ! day to s5d ?is   lett]2
 & ,i saw n my "l la/ night by reason ( 
8   gr&fa!r my ,"l ,arundel s5d+ to fet*
 me unto 8 h\se 9   ! ,/r&4 ,8 goodness 

to me is s great1 t no?+ m c be         
desir$2 & 8 daught] my ,lady ,lumley is 
! greate/ com=t ,i   h 9 ! _w4 ,%e %[$  
me a fair picture ( my "l's "m1   :o di$
 ! day he 0 born1 n !n full sev5te5 ye>s
 ( age4   ,%e 0 ( s amiable a           
disposition1 s prud5t1 virtu\s1 &       
religi\s1 t all :o knew h] c\ld n b love
 & e/eem h]4   ,& ,i read a lett] :i*   
?is sweet lady _h writt5 9 ,lat9 to   h]
 fa!r on 8 bir?day1 to 8 great          
cont5tm5t1 :o _h   procur$ h] to be well
 in/ruct$ 9 t language1 z well z 9   h] 
own & 9 all comm5dable le>n+4 ,!n ,i    
play$ at prim]o   ) my ,"l ,arundel & my
 ,lady ,lumley & my uncle ,francis4 ,!  
knave ( he>ts 0 fix$ ^u = ! qu9ola1 & ,i
 won ! flu%4   ,my uncle ,francis cri$ !
 w9n+ c>d %\ld be titl$ ,dudley4   ',n  
s1' quo? ! e>l2 '! knave t w\ld mat* ) !
 que5   9 ! suit ( he>ts %\ld nev] w9 ! 
game4' ,& fur!r talk   ensu$2 f :i* ,i  
le>nt t my ,"l ,arundel & ! ,duke (     
,norfolk mislike my ,"l ,leice/]1 & w\ld
 n he %\ld m>ry !   que52 & my uncle    

laugh$1 & said1 ',my "l1 no good        
,engli%man   is !re b mu/ be ( y\r      
lord%ip's m9d1 ?\gh none h s   good     
reason z y\rself to h9d] s base a       
contract2 = if my ,"l   ( ,leice/] %\ld 
climb unto h] maje/y's ?rone1 be%rew me 
if   he w n rememb] ! box on ! e> y\r   
lord%ip m9i/]$ to   him "s "t s9ce2' at 
:i* ! e>l laugh$1 too2 b my ,lady       
,lumley cri$1 ',i w\ld to ,god my bro!r 
( ,norfolk 7 rid ( my   ,"l ,leice/]'s  
fri5d%ip1 :i* has1 ,i mu* fe> me1 m     
dang]   9 x ?an 8 enmity4 ,god s5d he   
does n lead 8 grace into   tr\bles      
great] ?an c well be ?\ght (6' ,alack1  
,mi/ress   ,con/ance1 :at uneasy times  
are ^! :i* we h fall5 on6 =   me?9ks    
'tr\bles' is ! ^w 9 e "o's m\?4 ,z ,i 0 
ab\t   to /ep into ! *air at ! hall-door
 at ,arundel ,h\se1 ,i he>d   "o ( my   
"l's gu>d say to ano!r1 ',i tru/ ! :ite 
horse w   be 9 quiet1 & s we %all be out
 ( tr\ble4' ,i h ask$ ,mr4   ,m>t9 :at  
^! words %\ld mean2 :]eupon he told me !
 :ite   horse1 :i* inde$ ,i might h     

kn[n1 0 ! ,e>l ( ,arundel's             
cognisance2 & t ! times 7 v tr\blesome1 
& plots 7   spok5 ( 9 ! ,nor? an5t !    
,que5 ( ,scots1 h] maje/y !   #if que5's
 c\s91 :o is at ,*ateswor?2 & :5 he said
 t1   all ( a sudd5 ,i grew r$1 & my    
*eeks burn$ l two hot coals2   b he took
 no he$1 & said1 ',a true s]vant might  
well wi% 8   ma/] out ( tr\ble1 :5      
tr\bles 7 s rife4' ,& n[ %ame   take me 
= tak+ up s mu* ( y\r "t1 :i* %\ld be   
sp5t 9   m pr(itable ways ?an ! read+ ( 
my poor lett]s2 & ,i mu/   ne$s beg y to
 write soon1 & hold me z long z ,i h    
held y1   & love me1 sweet "o1 z ,i love
 y4 ,my ,lady ,m>g>et1 :o is 9 a   s5se 
twice my si/]1 says %e is jeal\s (      
,mi/ress ,con/ance   ,%]wood1 & w\ld    
/eal away my he>t f h]2 b1 ?\gh %e is   
a w9some & cunn+ ?ief 9 su* matt]s1 ,i  
w>rant y %e %all   fail !re94 ,& s1     
comm5d+ myself to y\r good pray]s1 ,i   
rema9    ,y\r true fri5d & lov+ s]vant1 
,,ann ,,surrey4   ,z ,i f9i%$ & 0 fold+ 
up my lett] ! clock /ruck n9e4 ,x 0 wan+

 d>k] )\t by reason ( a cl\d :i* _h     
obscur$ ! moon4 ,i he>d my fa!r /ill    
pac+ up & d[n ! gravel-walk1 & ev] &    
anon /ay+ 8 foot/eps a:ile1 z if wat*+4 
,aft] a %ort space ! moon %one out aga91
 & ,i saw ! %ad[s ( two p]sons aga9/ !  
wall ( ! kit*5 g>d54 ,pres5tly !        
hall-door 0 fa/5$ & bolt$1 z ,i knew by 
! rattl+ ( ! *a9 :i* hung across x4 ,!n 
my fa!r look$ 9 at ! door & said1 ',tis 
"t1 goodwife1 = "y folks to be ab$4 ,^u 
:i* my "m rose & made z if %e 0 ab\t to 
)draw to h] b$-*amb]4 ,edmund foll[$ u  
up /airs1 &1 wi%+ u bo? good-night1 w5t 
into ! closet :]e he slept4 ,!n my "m1  
tak+ me by ! h&1 l$ me into my fa!r's   
/udy4    ,,to ,,be ,,cont9u$4  ------   
,translat$ f ,d] ,ka?olik4  ,,! ,,two   
,,sides ,,( ,,ca?olicism4  ,i4  ,! ,*ur*
 is1 9 a tw(old respect1 univ]sal or    
ca?olic4 ,:ile1 on ! "o h&1 %e ext5ds   
h]self ov] ! :ole e>?1 & encircles !    
entire human race ) ! bond ( ! same fai?
 & an equal love1 on ! o!r %e makes     
kn[n1 by ?is v act1 ! mo/ special inw>d 

"* ( h] own be+4 ,?us ! ,*ur* is !      
,ca?olic ,*ur*1 bo? 9 h] int]ior be+ & 9
 h] ext]ior manife/ation4  ,! gr\nd ( ! 
well-kn[n say+ ( ,/4 ,ambrose1 ,:]e     
,pet] is1 !re is ! ,*ur*1  ,footnote #g 
lies 9 ! ?\ght1 t ! nature ( ! ,*ur*    
admits ( only "o =m ( hi/orical         
manife/ation4 ,! idea ( ! true ,*ur* c  
only be realiz$ :]e ,pet] is1 9 !       
communion ( ! legitimate ,pope z !      
successor ( ,pet]4    ,footnote #g3 ,ubi
 ,petrus ibi ecclesia4 ,9 ,ps4 xl4 ,no4 
#cj4  ,?is proposition has its proximate
 ju/ification 9 t cle> expression ( ! w 
( ,jesus ,*ri/1 ! f\nd] ( ! ,*ur*1 9 :i*
 he designates ! ,apo/le ,pet] z ! rock 
on :i* he w build 8 ,*ur*4 ,moreov]1 x  
is precisely ?is rock-f\ndation :i* is  
to make ! ,*ur* inde/ructible4 ,footnote
 #h ,f ?is x foll[s t1 9 virtue ( !     
ord9ance ( ,jesus1 ! (fice ( ,pet]1 or !
 primacy giv5 him 9 ! ,*ur*1 0 n to     
expire ) ! dea? ( ! apo/le4 ,=1 if ! #ig
 ,*ur* is inde/ructible precisely on    
acc\nt ( h] f\ndation ^u ! rock-man     

,pet]1 he mu/ rema9 = all "t ! support (
 ! ,*ur*1 & hi/orical connection ) him  
is ! indisp5sable condition on :i* !    
,*ur* c be firmly e/abli%$ 9 any "p ( ! 
e>?4 ,?is con/ant connection ) ! ,apo/le
 ,pet] is ma9ta9$ ?r\gh ! bi%op ( ,rome 
= ! "t be+4 ,= ^! two (fices1 !         
episcopate ( ,rome & ! primacy1 7       
connect$ ) ea* o!r 9 ! p]son ( ! ,apo/le
 ,pet]4 ,consequ5tly ! same sup]ior rank
 9 ! ,*ur* :i* ,pet] possess$ is        
transmitt$ to ! legitimate bi%op ( ,rome
 at ! same "t ) ! ,roman episcopal see4 
,?us ! ,pr9ce ( ! ,apo/les rema9s 9 v   
de$ ! rock-f\ndation ( ! ,*ur*1         
cont9ually1 9 ea* "o ( 8 successors = ! 
"t be+4    ,footnote #h3 ,matt4 xvi4    
#ah4  ,9 ! view ( ,*ri/ian antiquity1 ! 
unity ( ! ,*ur* 0 ! p>ticul> object =   
:i* ! papacy 0 e/abli%$4  ,footnote #i  
,?is unity1 appreh5d$ 9 its hi/orical   
developm5t1 gives u ! conception (      
ca?olicity4   ,footnote #aj    ,footnote
 #i3 ,/4 ,cyprian1 ,de ,unit ,eccl4     
,primatus ,petro dafur1 ut   una ,*ri/i 

ecclesia et ca!dra una mon/retur4 ,!    
primacy is   giv5 to ,pet]1 t ! ,*ur* ( 
,*ri/ may be %[n to be "o1   & ! *air   
"o4    ,footnote #aj3 ,ibid4 ,ecclesia  
quoque una e/1 quae 9 multitud9em4      
latius increm5to faeccunditatis         
ext5ditur4444 ecclesia ,dom9i luce      
p]fusa p] obem totam radios suos        
porrigit4 ,unum tam5 lum5 e/1   quod    
ubique diffunditur1 nec unitas corporis 
sep>atur4    ,! ,*ur* also is "o1 :i* is
 ext5d$ to a v great multitude   by !   
increase ( fruitfulness 4 4 4 ! ,*ur* ( 
! ,"l   p]vad$ ) light ext5ds its rays  
ov] ! :ole _w4   ,nev]!less ! light :i* 
is ev]y:]e diffus$ is "o1 & !   unity ( 
! body is nev] sep>at$4   ,bo? ^! m>ks (
 ! ,*ur* mu/ embody !mselves 9 ! =m ( an
 outw>dly p]ceptible hi/orical reality4 
,! ,*ur* be+ indebt$ = h] unity1 & by   
necess>y consequ5ce = h] ca?olicity1    
precisely to h] hi/orical connection )  
,pet]1 ca?olicity is ?us root$ 9 ! idea 
( ! papacy4 ,b does its ultimate & mo/  
pr(\nd pr9ciple lie !re98  ,! argum5t1  

briefly sket*$ above1 obliges u to re/ !
 ca?olicity ( ! ,*ur* on ! actual       
in/itution ( ,*ri/4 ,we c1 h[ev]1       
inquire into ! ess5tial reason ( ?is    
in/itution4 ,does ?is reason lie simply 
9 a free1 volunt>y det]m9ation ( ,*ri/1 
or 9 ! int]ior ess5ce ( ! ,*ur* h]self8 
,9 ! latt] case1 ! ,*ur* w\ld appe> z   
,ca?olic1 because ! end ( h] e/abli%m5t 
c\ld be fulfill$ "u no o!r condition4   
,!re w\ld be 9 h] inn]mo/ be+ a secret  
det]m9ation1 by =ce ( :i* ! idea ( !    
,*ur* is completely incapable (         
realization "u any o!r =m ?an t (       
ca?olicity4 ,a ,*ri/ian ,*ur* )\t !     
papacy 71 !re=e1 entirely inconceivable4
 ,if ?is is actually ! case1 !re lies   
hidd5 "u ! r9d ( ! ,*ur*'s visible =m ( 
ca?olicity1 a /ill deep] ca?olicity1 9  
:i* we are b\nd to recognize ! mo/      
pr(\nd pr9ciple ( ! outw>d1 hi/orical   
side ( ca?olicity4  ,b t inw>d pr9ciple1
 ! m>r[ ( ! ,*ur*1 :]e are we to look = 
x8 ,our !ologians1 foll[+ ,/4 ,augu/9e1 
tea* t ! ,*ur*1 l man1 consi/s ( s\l &  

body4 ,! !ological virtues =m ! s\l ( ! 
,*ur*1 & h] body is con/itut$ by !      
outw>d pr(ession ( ! fai?1 !            
p>ticipation ( ! sacram5ts1 & ext]ior   
connection ) ! visible head ( ! ,*ur*4  
,footnote #aa ,/4 ,augu/9e1 inde$1 also 
designates ! ,holy ,gho/ z ! s\l or !   
inn] pr9ciple ( ! ,*ur*4 ,?is is ! same 
?\ght ) ! "o :i* w be pres5tly evolv$1 9
 :i* ! inn] pr9ciple ( ca?olicity w be  
r$uc$ to ! conception ( ! sup]natural4  
,?is1 h[ev]1 consid]$ 9 itself1 is      
)drawn f ! region ( hi/orical           
manife/ation4 ,9 ord] t x may pass f !  
region ( ! invisible into t (           
appreh5sible reality1 x ne$s a m$ium t  
may connect toge!r bo? ord]s1 !         
invisible ord] ( ! sup]natural & ! ord] 
( hi/orical manife/ation4 ,x is only 9  
?is #ih way t ca?olicity c acquire =    
itself a hi/orical %ape1 & assume fle% &
 blood4    ,footnote #aa3 ,bell>m41 ,de 
,eccl4 milit41 cap4 ii4  ,we might be   
dispos$ to reg>d ! sacram5ts z ?is      
m$ium1 because !y are ! in/rum5ts by :i*

 grace is conf]r$1 9 a mann]            
appreh5sible ?r\gh ! s5ses4 ,nev]!less1 
we _c f9d ! con/itutive pr9ciple ( !    
,*ur* 9 ! sacram5ts alone4 ,x is well   
kn[n t ,prote/antism has set =? !       
legitimate adm9i/ration ( ! sacram5ts z 
a m>k ( ! true ,*ur*4 ,a se>*+ glance at
 ! ,prote/ant conception ( ! ,*ur* w    
h]eaft] give u a pro( t a b>e           
communication 9 sacram5ts1 at lea/ f !  
,prote/ant /&-po9t1 _c possibly v]ify   
itself z mak+ a visible ,*ur*4 ,accord+ 
to ! ,prote/ant doctr9e ( ju/ification1 
a sacram5t is indebt$ = its grace-giv+  
efficacy solely to ! fai? ( ! receiv]4  
,9 ?is view1 !re=e1 ! connection ( !    
invisible elem5t ( ! sup]natural ) !    
hi/orically manife/$ reality1 &         
consequ5tly ! mak+ visible ( ! true     
,*ur*1 is dep5d5t on conditions :]e     
hi/orical fulfilm5t is n provable4 ,:o c
 prove :e!r ! recipi5t ( a sacram5t has 
fai?8 ,x is true t1 accord+ to !        
,ca?olic view1 an objective efficacy is 
ascrib$ to ! sacram5t1 i4e41 ! outw>dly 

p]ceptible completion ( ! sacram5tal    
action ( itself p]mits ! invisible      
elem5t ( ! sup]natural to p5etrate into 
! sph]e ( ! visible4  ,not)/&+ ?is1 !   
,ca?olic sacram5t is1 by itself alone1  
no suffici5t m$ium ?r\gh :i* ! be+ ( !  
true ,*ur* c be br\ght into visibility4 
,did %e embody h]self hi/orically only 9
 s f> z a s5sible matt] & an outw>d     
action are endu$ ) a sup]natural        
efficacy1 ! elem5t ( ! sup]natural w\ld 
come to a hi/orical manife/ation only z 
! purely objective4 ,a pr(\nd view ( !  
ess5ce ( ! ,*ur* w\ld n f9d ?is         
satisfactory4 ,! ,*ur*1 ev5 on h]       
visible side1 is n a purely objective1  
or m]ely outw>d1 in/itution4 ,! ultimate
 pr9ciple ( ca?olicity--& ?is /atem5t w 
make our conception intelligible--al?\gh
 implant$ 9 ! _w z a sup]natural leav5 f
 above1 has nev]!less its seat 9 !      
deepe/ int]ior ( ! human _s4 ,!nce x    
p5etrates upw>d into ! sph]e ( hi/orical
 manife/ation1 & ?us proves itself a    
*ur*-con/itutive pr9ciple4 ,su* a       

connection ( ! region ( ! int]ior &     
subjective ) t ( hi/orical & visible    
reality is caus$ by ! objective efficacy
 ( a sacram5t1 only 9 ! case :]e ! same 
is productive ( its prop] effect4 ,?is1 
h[ev]1 accord+ to ,ca?olic doctr9e1     
presupposes an inw>d disposition on ! "p
 ( ! recipi5t1 ! pres5ce ( :i* _c be    
manife/$ to outw>d appreh5sion4 ,a      
,*ur*1 ^: ess5ce consi/$ m]ely 9 ! bond 
e/abli%$ ?r\gh ! sacram5ts1 c\ld ei!r n 
be v]ifi$ ) c]titude1 or w\ld h an      
exclusively ext]ior "*4 ,accord+ly1 we h
 n yet f\nd1 9 ! ,ca?olic sacram5tal    
conception1 ! middle t]m we are seek+1  
by :i* ! ess5ce ( ca?olicity c be br\ght
 into visible manife/ation4 ,r1 ?is     
process has to be already complet$ & !  
conception ( ! ,*ur* to be actualiz$1   
be=e ! sacram5t c manife/ its efficacy4 
,?r\gh ?is la/1 ! elem5t ( !            
sup]natural1 i4e41 ! invisible g]m ( !  
,*ur*1 mu/ be orig9ally plant$ or       
gradually /r5g!n$ 9 individual s\ls4 ,b 
?is is effect$ by ! sacram5t z ! organ &

 9 ! "n ( ! ,*ur*1 ?\gh 9 p>ticul> cases
 outside ( h] communion4  ,! cont9u\s   
exi/5ce ( ,ca?olicity is ess5tially !   
self-build+ ( ! body ( ,*ri/4 ,x        
produces its own increase ?r\gh !       
in/rum5tality ( ! sacram5ts4  ,footnote 
#ab ,! union betwe5 ! sup]natural & !   
hi/orical actuality1 or ! bond ( #ii    
ca?olicity1 is n !n fir/ e/abli%$ 9 !   
sacram5ts4 ,^! only m$iate = individual 
s\ls ! reception into ! union1 or       
confirm !m 9 _! organic relation to x1 &
 are signs ( fell[%ip4 ,9 addition to   
:at has be5 already said1 !re is ano!r  
reason1 & "o ( wid] application1 to be  
consid]$1 z be>+ on ?is po9t4 ,!        
pr9ciple ( a new life :i* has to be     
infus$ into individual s\ls ?r\gh !     
sacram5ts is sanctify+ grace4 ,9 ?is1   
!re=e1 by logical consequ5ce1 we %\ld be
 oblig$ to recognize ! int]ior          
con/itutive pr9ciple ( ! ,*ur*1 if x 7  
true t ! connection betwe5 ! inn] be+ ( 
! ,*ur* & h] hi/orical manife/ation 7   
br\ght to pass ?r\gh ! efficacy ( !     

sacram5ts4 ,accord+ to ?is appreh5sion (
 ! subject1 only ! sa9ts w\ld belong to 
! true ,*ur*4    ,footnote #ab3 ,eph4   
iv4 #af4  ,"o might seek to evade ?is   
la/ conclusion by av]r+ t 9 ! in/ance ( 
baptism1 ! sacram5t produces 9 ! s\l ( !
 recipi5t1 beside sanctify+ grace1 /ill 
ano!r effect1 indep5d5tly ( !           
disposition1 namely1 ! baptismal "*4    
,?is "* is an indelible m>k impress$ on 
! s\l4 ,"h1 !n1 is giv5 u a sup]natural 
pr9ciple :i* p5etrates ! deepe/ int]ior 
( ! human _s1 & :i* is1 at ! same "t1   
capable ( v]ify+ itself z a hi/orical   
fact2 inasmu* z x is infallibly infus$  
into ! s\l ?r\gh an outw>d1 s5sible     
action1 & !reby1 ?r\gh ! m$ium ( !      
latt]1 becomes visible4 ,beside ?is1 "o 
might be /ill m incl9$ to reg>d !       
baptismal "* z ! ,*ur*'s =mative        
pr9ciple1 because ! same is /amp$ ^u !  
s\l ?r\gh a sacram5t1 ^: special end is 
to incorporate ) ! body ( ,*ri/ its     
individual memb]s2 = :i* reason1 also1  
baptism is designat$ 9 ! language ( !   

,*ur* z ! gate ( ! spiritual life1 vitae
 spiritualis janua4   ,footnote #ac     
,footnote #ac3 ,decret4 pro ,arm5ia4    
,we mu/1 h[ev]1 9 ?is imm$iate          
connection1 put 9 a rem9d]1 t x is a    
disput$ po9t 9 !ology1 :e!r baptism is  
really1 9 all cases1 ! indisp5sably     
necess>y condition ( becom+ a memb] ( ! 
,*ur*4 ,9 ! op9ion ( prom95t !ologians1 
a m]e cate*um5 c1 "u c]ta9 circum/ances1
 be a memb] ( ! ,*ur*4   ,footnote #ad  
,be t z x may1 no "o w c]ta9ly dispute !
 fact t a cate*um51 ^: s\l is gl[+ )    
div9e love1 belongs at lea/ to ! s\l ( !
 ,*ur*4 ,9 him1 !re=e1 ! inn] g]m ( !   
,*ur*'s life really exi/s be=e !        
reception ( ! baptismal "*4 ,beside ?is1
 x appe>s to u t ! sacram5tal "*1       
precisely 9 view ( its det]m9ate end1 is
 n s qualifi$ t we c put x =w>d z !     
int]ior pr9ciple ( ca?olicity4 ,!       
baptismal "* is int5d$ = a di/9ctive    
m>k2 by x ! seal ( ,*ur* memb]%ip is    
/amp$ on ! s\l4 ,x is true t ! same     
action by :i* ! "* is impress$ on ! s\l 

also makes ! baptiz$ p]son a memb] ( !  
,*ur*1 or1 t 9 ! same act :i* plants !  
inn] g]m ( ! ,*ur*'s be+ 9 ! he>t1 ! s\l
 receives also ! *>act]i/ic outw>d      
impress ( t be+4 ,b 9 s f> z x is !     
imm$iate & prop] faculty ( ! baptismal  
"* to impress ! /amp ( ! ,*ur* 9        
indelible features ^u ! s\l1 ! v        
conception ( ?is "* presupposes         
necess>ily ! conception ( ! ,*ur*1 z    
prior to itself2 :i* %[s t we _c f9d !  
pr9ciple ( ! int]ior be+ ( ! ,*ur* 9 !  
baptismal "*4 ,?is is confirm$ by !     
additional consid]ation t ! baptismal "*
 is n effac$ f ^? s\ls :i* h brok5 (f e 
k9d ( connection ) ! ,*ur*1 & h         
absolutely no?+ rema9+ 9 !m by :i* !y   
communicate 9 h] be+4 ,f9ally1 ! exi/5ce
 ( ! ,*ur*1 at lea/ s f> z h] inn] be+  
or s\l is conc]n$1 #ajj does n date its 
orig9 f ! in/itution ( baptism4 ,we mu/1
 !re=e1 g "o /ep fur!r1 9 ord] to       
discov] ! int]ior s\rce ( ca?olicity4 ,z
 has be5 h]et(ore po9t$ out1 ?is s\rce  
lies 9 t region :i* we are usually wont 

to designate z ! ,sup]natural ,ord]4    
,let u1 !re=e1 make a succ9ct exposition
 ( ! int]ior law ( developm5t 9 ?is     
ord]4    ,footnote #ad3 ,su>ez1 ,de     
,fide4 ,disp4 ix41 ,sec4 i41 ,no4 #ah4  
,accord+ to ! ,ca?olic doctr9e1 fai? is 
! beg9n+ ( human salvation1 ! gr\nd &   
root ( ju/ification1 ,footnote #ae i4e41
 ( ! sup]natural life ( ! s\l4 ,/4 ,paul
 designates fai? ! sub/ance ( ?+s hop$  
=4   ,footnote #af ,t is to say1 !      
beatific vision ( ,god1 & ) x ! po9t    
t[>d :i* ! :ole sup]natural ord] t5ds & 
9 :i* x re/s1 has its f\ndation laid 9  
fai?1 & is already 9 g]m conta9$ 9 x4   
,*ri/1 & ) him ! f\nta9 ( our           
sup]natural life1 dwells 9 u ?r\gh fai?4
   ,footnote #ag ,is ,*ri/1 !re=e1 call$
 ! f\ndation1 beside :i* no o!r c be    
laid1   ,footnote #ah !n is fai?        
recogniz$ 9 ! basis ( ! sup]natural     
ord]1 because by fai? we are imm$iately 
br\ght into union ) ,*ri/4 ,:]e=e !     
apo/le makes our p>ticipation 9 ! fruits
 ( ! "w ( r$emption precisely dep5d5t on

 ! condition1 ,if s ye cont9ue 9 ! fai?1
 gr\nd$ & settl$4  ,footnote #ai ,! same
 portion z f\ndation1 :i* fai? has 9 !  
inn] life ( grace 9 ! s\l1 is also      
accord$ to x 9 relation to ! ext]ior    
/ructure ( ! ,*ur*4 ,! visibility ( !   
true ,*ur* is only ! hi/orical embodim5t
 ( ! elem5t ( ! sup]natural4 ,! div9e   
build+ ( ! ,*ur* has = its f\ndation !  
apo/les1  ,footnote #bj t is1 z ! s5se (
 ! passage evid5tly is1 ?r\gh ! fai? :i*
 !y prea*$4 ,v rem>kable is ! =m (      
expression 9 ! well-kn[n say+ ( !       
apo/le3 ,"o ,"l1 "o fai?1 "o baptism4   
,footnote #ba ,"h ! unity ( fai? is giv5
 ! prec$5ce ( ! unity produc$ ?r\gh     
baptism1 z be+ its necess>y             
pre-requisite4 ,! "o baptism is ! bond (
 unity ( ! ,*ur* only 9 ! second l9e4   
,?r\gh x1 namely1 ! fruitful g]m ( ! "o 
fai? 9 :i* exclusively ! unity ( ! ,*ur*
 has its root1 is cont9ually plant$ 9   
individual s\ls1 an actual confession ( 
t fai? be+ also includ$ 9 ! c]emony (   
baptism itself4    ,footnote #ae3 ,trid4

 ,sess4 vi41  cap4 #h4    ,footnote #af3
 ,heb4 xi4 i4    ,footnote #ag3 ,eph    
iii4 #ag4    ,footnote #ah3 ,i ,cor4    
iii4 #aa4    ,footnote #ai3 ,coloss4 i4 
#bc4    ,footnote #bj3 ,eph4 ii4 #bj4   
,footnote #ba3 ,eph4 iv4 #e4   ,! ,*ur* 
h]self makes use ( language :i* cle>ly  
%[s t %e reg>ds fai? z ! deepe/ pr9ciple
 ( h] be+4  ,footnote #bb ,! ,cate*ism (
 ! ,c\ncil ( ,tr5t def9es ! ,*ur* z !   
fai?ful disp]s$ ?r\gh\t ! _w4  ,footnote
 #bc    ,footnote #bb3 ,concil4         
,lat]an41 iv4 cap4 ,firmit]3 ,una       
fidelium   univ]salis ecclesia4         
,footnote #bc3 ,cate*4 ,rom41  p>s #a1  
cap4 x4 4 qu4 #b4   ,accord+ to ,/4     
,?omas1 also1 ! unity1 & consequ5tly !  
ca?olicity ( ! ,*ur*1 is radically      
gr\nd$ 9 fai?4 ,! angelic doctor means  
"h liv+ fai?1 or fides =mata4 ,accord+  
to ?is view1 ! pr9ciple ( ca?olicity    
p]vades ! inn]mo/ dep? ( subjectivity4  
,at ! same "t x is cle> h[ ! same comes 
to an hi/orical manife/ation4 ,?is takes
 place 9 ! symbol ( ! ,*ur*4 ,! fai? :i*

 f9ds its hi/orical expression 9 !      
ecclesia/ical symbol is to be reg>d$ z  
fides =mata1  ,footnote #bd = ?is       
reason1 because x is a confession ( fai?
 made 9 ! "n & by ! p]sonality ( !      
collective ,*ur*1 :i* possesses its     
inw>d pr9ciple ( unity 9 ! fides =mata1 
or liv+ fai?4 ,moreov]1 ! symbol ( !    
,*ur* is a con/ant w>n+ = ^? ( h] memb]s
 :o h n ! grace ( sanctification to make
 _! fai? liv+ ?r\gh *>ity4   ,footnote  
#be    ,footnote #bd3 ,t is1 fai? made  
p]fect by *>ity z x exi/s 9   a p]son :o
 is 9 ! /ate ( grace1 9 contradi/9ction 
f !   fai? ( a s9n]4--,,translator      
,footnote #be3 ,secunda ,secundae1 qu4  
#a4 a4 q4 ad #c4   ,9 ! =ego+ doctr9al  
exposition ,/4 ,?omas has m>k$ out = u !
 pa? to be foll[$ 9 seek+ #aja = ! m$ium
 ( union betwe5 ! ext]ior & ult]ior     
ca?olicity ( ! ,*ur*4 ,our argum5t mu/  
/>t1 !re=e1 f ! position t ! unity ( !  
,*ur* 9 ! fir/ l9e is a unity 9 fai?4 ,9
 ?is notion we h ! speculative middle   
t]m betwe5 ! inn] be+ ( ! ,*ur* & h]    

hi/orical =m ( manife/ation4 ,f ! bl5d+ 
( bo? ^! elem5ts is =m$ ! full1 adequate
 idea ( ca?olicity4 ,?is la/ exhibits   
itself z a =ce act+ 9 two di/9ct sph]es1
 t ( ! inw>d subjectivity & t (         
hi/orical objectivity4 ,consequ5tly1 !  
ext]ior & int]ior ca?olicity ( ! ,*ur*1 
or ! two sides ( ,ca?olicism1 mu/ be    
r$uc$ to ! same pr9ciple4 ,a fur!r      
evolution ( ?is ?\ght w make x cle>1 :y 
! be+ ( ! true ,*ur* c only f9d its true
 actualization 9 ! hi/orical =m (       
,ca?olicism4  ,! ca?olic visible =m ( ! 
,*ur*1 z po9t$ out above1 is indicat$ 9 
! papacy4 ,b 9 :at relation does ! latt]
 /& to ! int]ior ca?olicity ( ! ,*ur*8  
,9 ord] to f9d ! "r answ] to ?is        
decisive "q1 we mu/ fir/ m exactly def9e
 9 :at s5se ! papacy mu/ be reg>d$ z !  
bond ( ! hi/orical unity ( ! ,*ur*4 ,x  
mu/ be s reg>d$1 precisely 9 s f> z !   
primacy has be5 in/itut$ = ! special end
 ( pres]v+ ! fai? incorrupt4 ,accord+ to
 ! tea*+ ( ! ,fa!rs ( ! ,*ur*1 ,pet] is 
! ,*ur*'s f\ndation ( rock1 9 virtue ( 8

 fai?4  ,footnote #bf ,by ?is1 ( c\rse1 
is n meant ! p]sonal confession ( !     
,apo/le ,pet]1 b ! object-matt] ( !     
same1 ! cont5ts ( ! fai? to be prea*$ by
 ,pet] & 8 successors4 ,pet]1 says ,leo 
! ,great1 is call$ by ,*ri/ ! ,rock1 on 
acc\nt ( ! solidity ( ! fai? :i* he 0 to
 prea*1 pro soliditate fidei quam erat  
pra$icaturus4  ,footnote #bg  ,?is is n 
! place to develop fur!r 9 :at way !    
papacy proves itself 9 act ! cem5t ( !  
unity ( fai?4 ,we %all speak ( t lat]4  
,x is en\gh = our purpose1 9 ! mean:ile1
 to take note ( ! judgm5t ( ! anci5t    
,*ur*4 ,accord+ to ! doctr9e ( ! ,fa!rs 
( ! ,*ur*1 ! fundam5tal significance :i*
 ! papacy has = ! ,*ur*1 re/s ^u a      
relation ( dep5d5ce betwe5 h] fai? & !  
fai? ( ,pet]1 includ+ by consequ5ce t ( 
8 successors4 ,9 ?is s5se ,/4 ,hil>ius  
di/9ctly calls ! fai? ( ! ,apo/le ,pet] 
! f\ndation ( ! ,*ur*4  ,footnote #bh ,!
 same view is f\nd 9 ,/4 ,ambrose1      
,footnote #bi express$ 9 ne>ly ! same   
words4 ,b if ,pet] is ! ,*ur*'s         

f\ndation ( rock precisely ?r\gh 8 fai?1
 t mutual relation betwe5 ! inn]        
ca?olicity ( ! ,*ur* & ! papacy is no   
long] d\btful4 ,= t ! ,*ur*1 accord+ to 
h] inw>d ess5ce1 v]ifies h]self z !     
,ca?olic ,*ur*1 %e owes precisely to h] 
fai?1 z likewise1 on ! o!r side1 h]     
ca?olic visible =m is condition$ by !   
outw>d pr(ession ( ! same fai?4         
,consequ5tly1 ! papacy z gu>dian ( !    
unity ( fai?1 /&s also 9 a necess>y     
connection ) ! inn] be+ ( ! ,*ur*4 ,"h  
!n we h ! unit+ memb] we h be5 seek+    
betwe5 inw>d & outw>d ca?olicity1 !     
ess5ce & ! manife/ation ( ! ,*ur*4 ,9 s 
f> z ! hi/orical connection ) ,pet] mu/ 
be conceiv$ z a bond ( fai?1 9 ?is same 
connection or 9 ! =m ( ,ca?olicism1 !   
true ,*ur*1 ev5 z to h] inn] be+1 comes 
hi/orically into visible manife/ation4  
,footnote #bf3 ,see ! relevant passages 
f ! fa!rs 9   ,ball]9i1 ,de vi ac       
rations primatus ,rom4 ,pont41 cap4     
xii41 ,sec4 #a1   ,no4 #a4     ,footnote
 #bg3 ,s]m4 #fb4    ,footnote #bh3 ,de  

,tr941 vi4 #cg4     ,footnote #bi3 ,de  
,inc>n41 cap4 #e4    ,fai?1 :i* we      
affirm to be ! ess5tial k]nel (         
,ca?olicism1 has two sides1 "o :i* is   
int]ior & subjective1 & ano!r :i* comes 
to outw>d manife/ation4 ,) ! he>t we    
believe unto ju/ification1 b ) ! m\?    
confession is made unto salvation4      
,footnote #cj ,a reveal$ tru? #ajb      
corresponds to sup]natural fai? z its   
necess>y object4 ,!re=e1 x may be rem>k$
 9 pass+1 ! subjective act ( fai? is    
equally infallible ) ! div9e te/imony   
itself1 ^u :i* x is ess5tially bas$4    
,footnote #ca ,?is reveal$ object (     
fai?1 )\t :i* a sup]natural fai? is     
entirely inconceivable1 is m$iat$ or set
 =? ?r\gh an organ directly in/itut$ by 
,god = ?is purpose4 ,an individual1 :o  
?9ks t he has discov]$1 ?r\gh private   
inve/igation or 9 any o!r way1 a        
p>ticul> po9t ( doctr9e1 :i* hi!rto has 
n be5 univ]sally receiv$ z su*1 to be a 
reveal$ tru?1 c only make x an object ( 
sup]natural fai?1 :5 he is able to judge

 ) c]ta9ty t ?is suppos$ new doctr9e (  
fai? w\ld be approv$ by ! infallible1   
div9ely appo9t$ organ ( reveal$ tru?4   
,footnote #cb    ,footnote #cj3  ,rom4  
x4 #aj4    ,footnote #ca3 ,/4 ,?omas1   
,secunda ,secunda1 q4 #a a4 #c4         
,footnote #cb3 ,su>ez1 ,de ,fide4 ,disp4
 iii41 ,sect1 xiii41 ,no4 #i4    ,?is   
m$iat+ organ is1 h[ev]1 z we %all fully 
%[ 9 ! c\rse ( our fur!r exposition1 no 
o!r ?an ! ,apo/le ,pet]1 & ?r\gh !      
relation :i* he be>s to him1 8          
legitimate successor 9 (fice4 ,pet] is !
 support & ! /r5g? ( 8 bre?r51 inasmu* z
 8 fai?1 to :i* ! dogmatic utt]ance ( 8 
successors gives a new expression       
accord+ to ! ne$s ( ! ,*ur*1 =ms a      
crit]ion = ! fai? ( ! ,*ur*4 ,pet]1     
prea*+ ( ! fai?1 cont9ually appreh5sible
 ?r\gh ! papal def9itions ( fai?1 gives 
to ! fai? ( ! ,*ur* ! specific =m "u :i*
 ! same incorporates itself hi/orically 
9 an ecclesia/ical confession4 ,b 9 !   
,*ur*-confession ( fai?1 z we h be=e    
%[n1 its inn] be+ comes into visible    

manife/ation4 ,z m$ium ( ,pet]'s prea*+ 
( ! fai?1 ! papacy is consequ5tly also a
 ,*ur*-con/itutive pr9ciple1 inasmu* z  
?r\gh ! actualization ( ! supreme p[]   
delegat$ to him by ,*ri/1 ! be+ ( !     
,*ur* is made visible1 & obta9s an      
hi/orical =m4 ,?is is ! s5se ( ! words1 
,on ?is ,rock ,i w build my ,*ur*4  ,z  
we h1 9 ! =ego+ rem>ks1 conceiv$ ( !    
papacy z ! angle at :i* ! two sides (   
,ca?olicism meet1 ! unit+ bond ( !      
outw>d & inw>d ca?olicity ( ! ,*ur*1 we 
are fur!r b\nd to %[ :y precisely !     
papacy is ! appropriate organ to e/abli%
 t union betwe5 ! ess5ce & !            
manife/ation ( ,ca?olicism1 & !reby to  
m$iate ! actualization ( ! true idea ( !
 ,*ur*4 ,= ?is purpose we mu/ endeavor  
to p5etrate some:at deep] into ! inn]   
be+ or s\l ( ! ,*ur*4 ,we %all !re f9d a
 t5d5cy :i* makes ! ,ca?olic =m (       
manife/ation ( ! ,*ur* a po/ulate ( h]  
be+4 ,?is t5d5cy lies 9 ! "* ( !        
sup]natural4 ,9 ! conception ( !        
sup]natural we %all endeavor to po9t out

 ! radical conception ( ,ca?olicism4 ,! 
papacy1 & ! ,ca?olic visible =m ( !     
,*ur* m$iat$ by x1 is1 9 our op9ion1 !  
necess>y consequ5ce ( ! sup]naturality (
 h] be+4  ,?us f> we h sket*$ 9 brief   
outl9es ! mutual relation ( ! two sides 
( ,ca?olicism4 ,we mu/ res]ve = a       
subsequ5t article ! detail$ !ological   
pro( ( t :i* we h = ! pres5t sugge/$ z a
 new !ory4 ,mean:ile we w\ld l to       
exhibit1 9 a few words1 ! int]e/ :i* an 
inve/igation ( ?is subject claims =     
itself at ?is p>ticul> p]iod ( "t4      
,,ii4  ,! di/9ction betwe5 an ext]ior & 
int]ior ca?olicity ( ! ,*ur* is b       
slightly t\*$ ^u 9 our books ( dogmatic 
in/ruction4 ,no "o ne$ wond] at ?is     
circum/ance4 ,x is well kn[n t !        
controv]sy ) ,prote/antism gave occasion
 to ! usual mod]n me?od ( treat+ ( !    
m>ks ( ! ,*ur*4 ,! #ajc me?od ( ! great 
controv]siali/s ( ! age ( ! ,re=mation  
has1 at lea/ 9 reg>d to ! pres5t "q1    
rema9$1 to a consid]able ext5t1 ! model 
= ! dogmatic writ]s ( ! pres5t "t4 ,!   

!ologians ( a =m] "t1 h[ev]1 f\nd no    
necessity = expressly di/+ui%+ betwe5 ! 
ca?olicity ( ! be+ ( ! ,*ur* & t ( h]   
manife/ation4 ,x 0 en\gh = _! purpose to
 prove t ! ,*ur*1 9 h] hi/orical        
manife/ation1 is ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*4  ,!  
,prote/antism ( ! epo* ( ! ,re=mation   
claim$ = its congregations ! honor (    
hav+ actualiz$ ! true idea ( ! ,*ur*4 ,!
 *ur*es ( ,witt5b]g1 ,zuri*1 & ,g5eva   
ea* pret5d$ to be ! true copy ( !       
evangelical primitive ,*ur*4 ,x 0 easy =
 ,ca?olic polemics to de/roy ?is        
pret5sion4 ,x 0 only necess>y to inspect
 ! p>ticul> ,prote/ant *ur*es a little  
closely4 ,su* a reconnoissance conduct$ 
necess>ily to ! indubitable conclusion t
 none ( ^? communions _h ! m>ks ( ! true
 ,*ur* ^u x1 & t ^! 7 realiz$ only 9 !  
,*ur* 9 communion ) ! ,pope4  ,mod]n    
,prote/antism is mu* m mode/ 9 its      
pret5sions4 ,! pres5t *ampions ( !      
,prote/ant cause *>act]ize1 )\t         
disguise1 ! attempt ( ! ,re=m]s to br+ !
 ess5ce ( ! true ,*ur* hi/orically into 

manife/ation 9 _! communions z a gross  
error & a backslid+ into ,ca?olicism4   
,!y w h x1 t ! *>act]i/ic pr9ciple (    
,prote/antism lies precisely 9 !        
ackn[l$gm5t t ! true ess5ce ( ! ,*ur* c 
f9d its correlative expression 9 none ( 
! exi/+ *ur*es4 ,! true ,*ur*1 accord+  
to ?is notion1 rema9s an unatta9able    
ideal z long z ! _w /&s4 ,n to actualize
 ! idea ( ! ,*ur*1 only to /rive aft]   
its actualization1 is ! task ( a        
religi\s communion4 ,! ,prote/antism ( !
 day accord+ly recognizes x z its       
vocation to give ,*ri/ianity precisely !
 expression & =m :i* be/ corresponds to 
! necessities ( ! "t1 ! dem&s ( an      
advanc$ sci5ce & culture1 ! grade (     
intellectual & moral developm5t ( !     
,*ri/ian nations4  ,footnote #cc        
,footnote #cc3 ,s*5kel1 ,ess5ce (       
,prot41 p4 #d4  ,prote/ant polemic      
!ology makes ! foll[+ use ( ?is view4   
,ov] aga9/ ! magnific5t hi/orical       
manife/ation ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 ! torn 
& r5t condition ( ! ,prote/ant religi\s 

community pres5ts a /rik+ contra/4 ,!   
proximate conclusion t ! true ,*ur* c   
only be f\nd )9 ! circle ( ,ca?olicism1 
!y seek n[ to anticipate on ! ,prote/ant
 side by ! obs]vation t already f !     
outset "o makes a false />t :o w\ld wi% 
to recognize ! true ,*ur* by h] =m (    
hi/orical manife/ation4 ,accord+ to !   
,prote/ant view1 ! m>k ( ca?olicity     
v]ifies itself exclusively 9 ! inn] be+ 
( ! ,*ur*1 & n 9 h] outw>d manife/ation4
 ,=1 ow+ to ! con/ant progress ( human  
developm5t1 & ! extremely div]sifi$     
individuality ( s+le nations1 !         
hi/orical manife/ation ( ! ,*ur* mu/ be 
multi=m to ! same ext5t z ! intellectual
 & moral wants ( ! diff]5t peoples are  
v>i\s4 ,nev]!less1 9 spite ( ! manifold 
diff]5ces :i* di/+ui% ! p>ticul> *ur*es 
9 _! hi/orical manife/ation1 ! memb]s ( 
! same bl5d !mselves toge!r into a great
 invisible spiritual k+dom4 ,?is is !   
ideal ,*ur*4  ,?is is ! response :i*    
mod]n ,prote/antism makes :5 ,ca?olic   
criticism places be=e its eyes !        

melan*oly picture ( its inw>d divisions 
& ! hi/ory ( its v>iations4 ,f !        
hi/orical manife/ation ( a *ur* to its  
inn] be+ !y say ! conclusion is invalid4
 ,9 ord]1 !re=e1 to make ,ca?olic       
polemics effective1 ! relation betwe5 ! 
ess5ce & ! manife/ation ( ! ,*ur* mu/ be
 fir/ ( all !ologically #ajd e/abli%$4  
,x is only aft] ?is has be5 done t !    
comp>ison betwe5 ! ,*ur* & ! *ur*es c be
 exhibit$ 9 its entire argum5tative =ce4
  ,! !ory ( ! ideal *ur* is n yet       
effectively refut$1 :5 we on ! ,ca?olic 
side cont5t ourselves ) prov+ t ! true  
,*ur* mu/ become visible4 ,?is g5]al    
proposition does n exclude ! proposition
 ( our oppon5ts4 ,=1 accord+ to !       
,prote/ant doctr9e1 also1 ! creative p[]
 ( ! _s ( ,*ri/ianity exhibits itself 9 
! con/ruction ( visible congregations1 &
 ! gradual actualization ( ! ideal ,*ur*
 is condition$ by a s5sibly appreh5sible
 m$iation4 ,! f9al decision ( ?is "q mu/
 !re=e be s\ght 9 ! demon/ration ( !    
proposition t ! inmo/ be+ ( ! ,*ur* c   

only realize itself hi/orically 9 ! "o  
specific =m2 t a ca?olicity ( ! ess5ce (
 ! ,*ur* )\t a ca?olicity 9 h]          
manife/ation is entirely inconceivable4 
,only by ?is demon/ration w ! retreat ( 
,prote/ant polemics into ! ideal ,*ur*  
be = ev] cut (f4  ,"s h argu$ aga9/ !   
,prote/ant view1 t z ,*ri/ian tru? is "o
 s ! visible ,*ur* c also be b "o4      
,footnote #cd ,! argum5t is valid only 9
 ! prior supposition t !re c be b a s+le
 =m ( hi/orical manife/ation = ! inn]   
be+ ( ! ,*ur*4 ,?is1 h[ev]1             
,prote/antism d5ies 9 ! s5se1 t f its   
/&-po9t e p>ticul> *ur* repres5ts ! idea
 ( ! ,*ur*1  ,footnote #ce ev5 ?\gh x   
may be on "o side only4 ,accord+ to !   
div]sifi$ /ages ( cultivation 9 !       
,*ri/ian p1 s !y say1 n[ "o1 n[ ano!r   
side ( ,*ri/ian tru? atta9s to its      
expression 9 ! p>ticul> confessions1 b 9
 none ! full & entire tru?4 ,!          
contradiction exi/+ betwe5 ^!1 !re=e1 9 
n[ise falls back ^u ! ,*ri/ian v]ity    
itself4 ,?is ,prote/ant evasion c also  

be alone met 9 ! way above designat$1 by
 e/abli%+ ! relation betwe5 ! ess5ce & !
 manife/ation ( ,ca?olicism4            
,footnote #cd3 ,moehl]1 ,symbolism4     
,footnote #ce3 ,?is is also ! !ory (    
,high-,*ur*   ,episcopalianism4 ,mr4    
,sewall has def9$ x m logically ?an any 
o!r writ] ( t s*ool4 ,accord+ to him1 ! 
unity ( !   ,*ur* consi/s 9 ?is1 t all  
*ur*es are =m$ aft] "o   ideal model1 or
 on "o pr9ciple1 & ! sep>ate *ur*es (   
individual bi%ops are ea* a p]fect      
organic :ole4 ,t is1   ,ca?olic unity is
 an ab/ract unity1 concret$ 9 ea*       
p>ticul>   bi%op & diocese4 ,h5ce !re c 
be no organiz$ unity ( !   univ]sal     
,*ur*1 b only union or fri5dly communion
 (   indep5d5t *ur*es4 ,?is notion 0    
highly approv$ by ,bi%op   ,:itt+ham1 :o
 express$ x 9 ?is way1 t ! true         
communion   ( *ur*es ) ea* o!r is 9     
speculo ,tr9itatis4 ,x is pure          
,congregationalism1 bat+ ! diff]5ce     
betwe5 a diocese gov]n$   by a *ief &   
inf]ior pa/ors1 & a s+le congregation "u

 "o   pa/or or sev]al ( ! same ord]4 ,b 
x is ! only logical   conception ( a    
visible *ur* possible1 :5 ! papacy1 or  
pr9ciple ( univ]sal organic unity1 is   
d5i$4 ,x is ! logical   result ( !      
s*ismatical position ( ! ,greeks1 :o h  
no unity   among !mselves except t :i*  
is national1 b are divid$ into   sev]al 
indep5d5t bodies4 ,h5ce1 ! s-call$ union
 movem5t1   z cle>ly %[n by ,c>d9al     
,patrizi 9 ! ,decree s5t to !   ,engli% 
bi%ops1 is "o :i* proce$s f a d5ial (   
,ca?olic   unity1 & !re=e c nev] lead to
 unity1 b only aim at union1   or       
volunt>y co-op]ation ( di/9ct *ur*es )  
ea* o!r4 ,!   ,high-,*ur* !ory diff]s f 
t ( ! ,g]man ,prote/ants 9   ?is t ! =m]
 requires t all *ur*es %\ld be alike1 & 
ea* "o repres5t completely ! ideal      
,*ur*2 b bo? are bas$   on ! same       
pr9ciple1 t ( an ab/ract1 invisible     
unity &   ca?olicity1 concret$ 9 an     
individual & n a g5]ic &   univ]sal     
mode4--,,translator4   ,x has be5 fur!r 
argu$ t a ,*ur* ( ! ,nations1 :i* !     

,*ri/ian ,*ur* mu/ be1 accord+ to its   
idea1 is entirely inconceivable )\t !   
papacy at its summit4  ,footnote #cf    
,"h1 also1 x is presuppos$1 z already   
prov$1 t ! conception ( univ]sality :i* 
is ess5tially connect$ ) ! idea ( ! true
 ,*ur* mu/ also necess>ily impress      
itself ^u h] actual explication ( h]self
 9 "t4 ,b x is precisely aga9/ ?is      
notion t mod]n ,prote/antism cont5ds4   
,!re=e1 if our polemic arms are to br+  
d[n _! man1 ! affair mu/ beg9 ) a %>p]  
del9eation ( ! mutual relation betwe5 ! 
ess5ce & ! visible =m ( ! ,*ur*4        
,footnote #cf3 ,doell+]1 ,! ,*ur* & !   
,*ur*es4  ,beside ! polemic advantages  
to be ga9$ 9 ! c\rse :i* has be5        
sugge/$1 !re is ano!r 9 ! int]e/ (      
pacification4 ,"u ! rubbi% ( !          
,prote/ant ,*ur*-idea !re /ill lies     
buri$ a remnant ( #aje ,ca?olic tru?4   
,we ought n to %un ! tr\ble ( br++ ?is  
to light4 ,x is ! ,*ri/ian tru? conta9$ 
9 8 confession :i* b9ds ! believ+       
,prote/ant to x4 ,ca?olic !ology has to 

reclaim ?is z its own prop]ty4 ,x has ! 
mission intru/$ to x to %[ h[ ! religi\s
 satisfaction1 :i* ! deep] ,prote/ant   
m9d ?9ks x f9ds 9 ! doctr9al conception 
( its confession1 is imp>t$ to x 9 ri*] 
abundance & morally purifi$ ?r\gh !     
dogma ( ! ,*ur*4 ,?r\gh ?is conciliatory
 me?od1 an und]/&+ ( ! ,ca?olic tru? c  
be mu* m easily & effectually imp>t$ to 
! unprejudic$ ,prote/ant m9d ?an by a   
r\gh polemical me?od4 ,?is end is mo/   
ess5tially s]v$ by ! di/9ction betwe5 ! 
ess5ce & ! manife/ation ( ,ca?olicism4  
,prote/ant piety makes a great boa/ (   
its deep spirituality4 ,! mod]n ideal   
!ory ( ! ,*ur* owes a great %>e ( its   
popul>ity to its aptitude ( application 
9 ?is direction4 ,by means ( ?is        
conception1 ! ,prote/ant ,*ur* is       
expect$ to exhibit itself 9 a new light 
z ! *ur* ( ! int]ior & spiritual life4  
,does "o atta9 ! same dep? ( view f !   
,ca?olic /&-po9t8 ,all d\bt on ?is po9t 
mu/ disappe> on ?or\gh consid]ation (   
:at we h above nam$1 ! inn] side (      

,ca?olicism4  ,!re is ano!r gr\nd = !   
favor ) :i* ?is ideal !ory ( ! ,*ur* is 
at pres5t receiv$4 ,prote/ant !ology    
reg>ds x z a means ( its own            
resuscitation4 ,! old doctr9e (         
ju/ification by fai? alone has 9 great  
"p lo/ ! *>m x once ex]cis$ ov] ! he>ts 
( ! ,g]man p4 ,! once mighty battle-cry 
( inw>d1 subjective fai? is no long] to 
! ta/e ( our age4 ,!re=e1 9 our "t1     
in/ead ( ! antiquat$ idea ( imm$iate    
union ) ,*ri/1 ! _w-mov+ p[] ( ! m9d1 ! 
creative p[] ( ! idea1 is set up z !    
di/+ui%+ pr9ciple ( ,prote/antism4 ,!   
latt] is ?us made to appe> z ! mo/      
p[]ful protector ( ! lib]al aspirations 
( ! age4  ,ca?olic controv]sy mu/ take  
"s cognizance ( ?is1 if x w\ld make its 
own prop] pr9ciple prevail4 ,:ile       
,prote/antism seeks to ga9 ! favor ( !  
contempor>y _w by obsequi\sly yield+ to 
! caprices ( ! _s ( ! age1 ! inn]       
pr9ciple ( ,ca?olicism raises x above ! 
vacillations :i* sway p>ticul> p]iods4  
,only a ,*ur* :i*1 ?anks to its native  

pr9ciple1 is n borne along by           
intellectual & social p]iodical curr5ts1
 c effectually correct _! movem5t4 ,9   
ord]1 !re=e1 to measure accurately !    
influ5ce :i* ! ,*ur*1 by virtue ( h]    
in/itution1 is call$ to ex]cise ^u human
 society1 we mu/ p5etrate into h]       
inn]mo/ ess5ce1 to ! v po9t :]e         
,ca?olicism has its deepe/ pr9ciple4    
,fir/ f ?is po9t c we correctly und]/& 9
 h[ f> ! ,*ur* is a social p[]4 ,f ?is  
po9t ( view alone c we compreh5d h]     
aptitude to be ! tea*] ( ! nations4 ,&  
precisely ( ?is social & in/ructive     
vocation h our contempor>ies lo/ ! "r   
und]/&+ to a great ext5t4 ,x is "o ( !  
mightie/ tasks ( our mod]n !ology to    
make ! m9ds ( m5 once m capable (       
appreh5d+ ?is tru?4 ,footnote #cg       
,footnote #cg3 ,a few s5t5ces r         
digressive f ! ma9 topic   ( ! article  
are h]o omitt$4--,,translator4  ,! high 
importance ( au?ority 9 ! sy/em (       
,ca?olicism is well kn[n4 ,?is          
fundam5tal pr9ciple runs a dang] ( be+  

plac$ 9 a false light1 :5 x is depress$ 
to ! level ( ! hi/orical & ext]ior side 
( ! ,*ur*4 ,ecclesia/ical au?ority1     
sep>at$ f ! gr\nd :i* lies back ( x &   
:i* is above ! temporal ord]1 may appe> 
ev5 to ! well-dispos$ z a m]e brake = ! 
/oppage ( all intellectual progress4    
,?is sugge/s a temptation to desire a   
compromise betwe5 ! ,*ur* & ! _s ( !    
age4 ,:5 "o takes a m]ely ext]ior & #ajf
 hi/orical view ( *ur* au?ority1 ! prop]
 _s ( joy\sness :i* ought to belong to  
fai? is want+ 9 ! submission :i* is     
r5d]$ to its decrees4 ,x is v easy1 !n1 
to fall into a sort ( diplomatic way (  
act+ t[>d ! ,*ur* z tea*] ( doctr9e4 ,"o
 seeks to accommodate "o's self to h]   
doctr9e ?r\gh subtile di/9ctions4 ,on ! 
contr>y1 ! bolde/ sci5tific m9d frankly 
& *e]fully b[s itself "u ! yoke ( !     
ob$i5ce ( fai?1 :5 x sees t ! ,*ur*1 9  
h] doctr9al decision1 is act+ f h] own  
int]ior pr9ciple4  ,our doctr9al        
exposition requires n[ t we %\ld g into 
a m ?or\gh argum5t respect+ ! imman5t   

pr9ciple ( ,ca?olicism1 :i* we %all fir/
 ( all und]take to d on ,scriptural     
gr\nds4 ,?is "p ( ! subject w be treat$ 
9 an ensu+ article4  ------  ,f ,!      
,cornhill ,magaz9e4  ,,monsieur ,,bab\4 
,i4  ,9 ! imm$iate vic9ity ( ! capital (
 ! k+dom ( ,lilliput !re is a *>m+      
village call$ ,les ,gr5\illettes4 ,?is  
rural resort ( ! citiz5s ( ,mild5do     
consi/s1 ma9ly1 ( ?ree hotels1 ?irty    
public-h\ses1 & five ponds4 ,!          
population ,i %\ld reckon at ab\t t5    
millions1 inclusive ( frogs1 :o are !   
pr9cipal inhabitants1 & :o make a great 
noise 9 ! _w !re4  ,hi!r flock ! jocund 
burgesses1 & dance to ! s\nd ( h>p &    
viol4 4 4 4  ,x occurs to me t1         
sprightly z ,i may ?9k x to call        
,belgium ,lilliput1 ! my/ification might
 possibly become tiresome & inconv5i5t  
if p]si/$ 9 ?r\gh\t ?is n>rative1 beside
 becom+ absolutely unnecess>y4 ,z = !   
village 9 "q1 ,i h a reason or two = n  
call+ x by its "r "n4  ,ab\t half-a-doz5
 ye>s ago1 my bro!r 7,capta9 ,john      

,fre%e1 ,r4,n471 8 wife1 & ,i _h be5    
we>ily jogg+ all a summ]'s day 9 se>* ( 
c\ntry lodg+s = a few weeks 9 ! imm$iate
 neighborhood ( ,brussels4 ,n[ no?+ c be
 m difficult to f9d 9 t locality1 except
 "u c]ta9 conditions4  ,y c live at a   
village hotel1 & pay a maximum price =  
m9imum com=t4  ,y c1 possibly1 lodge 9 a
 public-h\se1 :]e x w co/ y de>1 h[ev]  
little y pay4  ,or y c1 9 "s villages1  
hire empty rooms 9 an entirely empty    
h\se1 & hire furniture f ,brussels1 &   
s]vants1 if y h none1 by ! mon?4  ,?is  
la/ alt]native has ! advantage ( ennobl+
 y\r position into a quasi-m>tyrdom1 by1
 9 a measure1 compell+ y to /ay :]e y   
are1 :e!r y l x or n4  ,t[>d ! end ( t  
longe/ ( ! long days1 we began to reg>d 
life & circum/ance ) ! apa?y ( despair1 
& to cease to hope = any?+ fur!r f !m   
except d9n]4  ,! capital ( ! k+dom (    
,lilliput appe>$ to be p>tially surr\nd$
 by a va/ & melan*oly campagna (        
turnips4 ,^! wilds1 immeasurably spread1
 seem$ l5g!n+ z we w5t4 ,village aft]   

#ajg village _h we rea*$1 & explor$ 9   
va94 ,judg+ by our feel+s1 ,i %\ld say  
we _h ransack$ at lea/ half-a-hundr$ (  
^? rural colonies4 ,almo/ all ^!        
villages possess$ at lea/ six           
public-h\ses & two ponds4 ,"s few _h no 
ponds1 b all _h six public-h\ses4       
,rural1 du/y1 crack$ public-h\ses2 )    
fr[zy g>d5s1 ) rott51 sloppy tables &   
b5*es2 ) be]y gorillas play+ at quoits &
 n9ep9s4  ,! names ( none ( ^!          
settlem5ts seem$ to u pron\nceable by   
human be+s1 ) ! exception ( two1 :i*    
s\nd$ l ,diggum & ,hittumon!back4 ,b our
 city driv] appe>$ to be acqua9t$ ) !   
,simian tongue1 & 0 direct$ f village to
 village by ! good-natur$ apes :om he   
int]rogat$4  ,ab\t sunset we came to a  
l>g] & q civiliz$ place1 ) a ,fr5* "n1  
signify+ ,! ,tadpoles--! place ,i h     
describ$ at ! comm5cem5t ( ?is n>rative4
 ,our du/y fly & deject$ horse turn$    
into ! c>riage entrance ( ! fir/ little 
hotel we saw4 ,x /ood sideways to a     
picturesque little lake1 ) gre5 %ores4  

,! c>riage entrance w5t ?r\gh ! h\se4   
,beyond1 we _h caught sight ( a pav$ y>d
 or c\rt1 & ( a vi/a ( gre5 leaf9ess t  
look$ cool & invit+4 ,we he>d ! noisy   
jangl+ ( a b>rel-organ play+ a polka1 & 
we f\nd a p]=mance go+ on 9 ! c\rt t    
absorb$ ! att5tion ( ! :ole h\sehold4   
,no "o seem$ to he>1 or at lea/ to he$1 
! s\nd ( our :eels1 b1 :5 our vehicle   
fairly /opp$ 9 ! pav$ y>d1 a fi%y-ey$   
wait] came t[>d u1 jauntily flipp+ "t ) 
8 napk94 ,we begg$ him to get u d9n]    
in/antly4  ,way1 ,mos\1 repli$ t        
(ficial1 9 ! sweet ,belgian-,fr5*       
language1 & let u out ( ! fly4 ,we _h   
be5 s long cramp$ up 9 x t we 7 glad to 
walk1 & /&1 & look ab\t ! c\rt :ile our 
food 0 got ready4  ,! organ-gr9d] _h n  
ceas$ gr9d+ out 8 polka = a mom5t4 ,!   
wiry screams ( 8 inf]nal ma*9e seem$ to 
*>m him z mu* z !y did ! re/ ( ! company
 assembl$4 ,he 0 ! usual ,savoy>d1 ) a  
face l a burnt cru/2 all fire-br[n eyes1
 sable r+lets1 & insane grimace4 ,he    
lean$ aga9/ a l[ /one po/1 & gr\nd out t

 horrible bray1 l a gr9n+ maniac4 ,we   
walk$ to a %ort di/ance1 & took 9 !     
sc5e4  ,a little sall[ "y man1 hav+ a   
bu%y mu/a*e1 /ood ne> a door into !     
h\se1 ) a di% 9 8 h&1 z if he _h be5    
transfix$ 9 ! act ( c>ry+ x some:]e4    
,beside him1 on ! /ep ( ! door1 sat a   
blonde "y woman1 ) l>ge blue eyes & a   
little m\?--z pretty & z fade z a       
,c>lo-,dolcian ,madonna4 ,evid5tly ^! 7 
! l&lord & 8 lady4  ,on a g>d5-b5*1 by !
 l[ wall t divid$ ! c\rt f ! g>d5       
beyond1 sat1 a little ap>t1 a "y p]son (
 a decid$ly ,fr5* aspect1 dress$ q      
pla9ly1 b ) ,p>isian precision1 9 black 
silk4 ,9 h] h& & on h] lap lay "s :ite  
embroid]y4 ,%e 0 n pretty1 b _h neat1   
small features1 t wore a pleasant ?\gh r
 sad smile1 z %e susp5d$ h] "w to wat*  
:at 0 go+ on4 ,an old woman 9 a d>k-blue
 g[n & a clean cap1 ) a pile (          
fre%ly-iron$ l95 9 h] arms1 /ood at !   
top ( "s /eps lead+ into a little build+
 :i* 0 probably ! laundry4 ,%e 0 wagg+  
h] old head m]rily to ! dance tune4 ,o!r

 look]s-on l\ng$ ab\t1 b "s ( !m _h     
vani%$ s9ce our arrival--= in/ance1 !   
fi%y-ey$ wait] & a burly individual 9 a 
:ite nightcap4  ,! c5tre ( attraction   
rema9s to be describ$4 ,)9 a few paces (
 ! organ-gr9d]1 a little girl & boy     
danc$ indefatigably on ! /ones1 to !    
unmusical music ( 8 box4 ,! little boy 0
 a small1 fair1 sickly *ild1 9 a l95    
bl\se1 & ab\t f\r ye>s old4 ,he jump$1 &
 /amp$1 & #ajh laugh$ excit$ly4 ,!      
little girl look$ ab\t a ye> old]4 ,%e 0
 plump & rosy1 dress$ 9 a full p9k frock
 & black silk apron4 ,%e _h light br[n  
hair1 cut %ort & /raight1 l a boy's4 ,%e
 danc$ v en]getically1 b solemnly1 )\t a
 smile on h] wee r\nd m\?4 ,%e p\ssett$1
 %e twirl$--h] p9k frock spread itself  
out l a p>asol4 ,h] fat little b>e arms 
akimbo1 %e danc$ 9 a gravely coquetti%1 
?or\ghly bus9ess-l way2 n[ cross+1 *ang+
 places ) h] p>tn]2 n[ sett+ to him1 )  
little patt]+ feet2 n[ sudd5ly :isk+ &  
:irl+ (f4 ,! little boy wat*$ h]1 &     
foll[$ h] lead3 %e 0 ! gov]n+ _s ( !    

dance4 ,bo? *ildr5 kept admirable "t4   
,!y 7 danc+ ! t>antella1 ?\gh !y _h nev]
 he>d ( x2 b ( all ! poetry ( motion1 ! 
t>antella is ! mo/ natural measure to   
fall into4  ,! organ-gr9d] gr\nd1 &     
gr9n$1 & nodd$2 ! l&lord & 8 wife       
ex*ang$ looks ( admiration & complac5cy 
:5ev] !y c\ld take _! eyes (f ! little  
danc+ nymph3 x 0 easy to see !y 7 h]    
pr\d p>5ts4 ,! quiet "y lady on ! b5*   
look$ t5d]ly at ! t9y1 sickly boy1 z he 
frisk$4 ,we felt sure %e 0 8 "m4 ,8 eyes
 7 light blue1 n hazel2 b he _h ! same  
neat little features4  ,all ( a sudd51  
d[n f an op5 w9d[ look+ into ! c\rt1 !re
 came an enorm\s voice--  ,ah1 ah6      
,bravo6 ,ah1 ah1 ,monsieur              
,babebibo-,,b\6  ,! little boy /opp$    
danc+2 s did ! little girl1 & e "o look$
 up at ! w9d[4 ,! little boy1 clapp+ 8  
h&s & scream+ ) glee1 ran "u x4 ,no "o  
c\ld be se5 at t ap]ture1 b we _h caught
 a mom5t>y glimpse ( a big blond man 9 a
 blue bl\se1 :o _h in/antly dropp$ out (
 sight1 & :o 0 cr\*+ on ! floor1 = we   

saw1 ?\gh ! *ild bel[ c\ld n1 ! top ( 8 
/raw hat j above ! w9d[-edge4 ,! little 
boy scream$1 ,papa1 papa6 ,! great      
voice1 mak+ itself pret]naturally gruff1
 ro>$ out--  ,qui e/ la8 ,e/-ce p> *ance
 ,monsieur ,babebibo-,,b\8 7,! fir/     
syllables v fa/1 ! f9al "o explosive47  
,way1 way6 ,c'e/ ,mos\ ,babi--b\6 cri$ !
 *ild1 try+ to imitate ! gruff voice1 & 
jump+ & laugh+ ec/atically4  ,out ( !   
w9d[ came fly+ a huge s(t ball ( _m     
colors1 & !n ano!r ro>3 ,avec les       
complim5ts du ,roi de t\s les j\j\x1 a  
,monsieur ,babebibo-,,b\6  ,m rapture4  
,!n a l>ge :ite packet1 palpably        
sug>-plums1 ,avec les complim5ts de la  
,re9e de t\s les bonbons1 a             
,mademoiselle ,m>ie1 et a ,monsieur     
,babebibo-,,b\6  ,rapture inexpressible1
 except by %rill %rieks & cap]s4 ,!     
plump little girl gravely advances &    
assi/s at ! exam9ation ( ! packet1 popp+
 comfits into h] t9y m\? ) a placid     
melan*oly1 :i* ,i h (t5 obs]v$ 9 fat &  
rosy faces4  ,mean:ile1 ! organ-gr9d]   

has at la/ /opp$ gr9d+1 has l[]$ 8 box1 
& is eat+ a plateful ( cold meat & bread
 :i* ! old woman has br\ght out to him4 
,! l&lord & 8 wife h disappe>$4 ,! "y   
,fr5*woman on ! g>d5-b5* has ris51 &    
come t[>d ! *ildr52 & n[1 f a doorway   
lead+ into ! h\se1 issues ! big blond   
man we caught a mom5t>y glimpse ( at !  
w9d[4  ,! little boy ab&ons ! sug>-plums
 to 8 playfell[1 & cry+ ,papa6 papa6    
d>ts to ! new com]1 :o /oops & ga!rs him
 up to 8 broad brea/1 9 8 l>ge arms &   
h&s1 kiss+ him fondly & repeat$ly4 ,!   
*ild responds ) l effusion4 ,! fa!r's   
great r$ face1 ) its peak$ yell[ be>d1  
contra/s t\*+ly1 someh[1 ) ! wee pale   
phiz ( 8 little son4 #aji ,! *ild's t9y 
:ite pads pat ! jolly *eeks & pull !    
yell[ be>d4 ,!n ! man 9 ! bl\se sets 8  
son c>efully on ! gr\nd1 & kisses ! "y  
,fr5*woman :o /&s by4  ,! big man has   
evid5tly be5 abs5t a:ile f 8 family4 ,h[
 goes x1 my si/]8 says he4  ,well1 my   
bro!r1 %e answ]s quietly4 ,?\ ha/ se5   
,augu/e dance4 ,?\ ha/ se5 h[ well1 &   

/rong1 & happy he is--! good ,god be    
?ank$4  ,& aft] him1 !e1 my good si/]1  
says ! big man1 affectionately4  ,we _h 
be5 call$ 9 to d9n] by ?is "t1 b ! op5  
w9d[ ( our eat+-room look$ into ! c\rt  
close to :]e ! gr\p /ood4 ,we obs]v$ t  
,mademoiselle ,m>ie _h rema9$ sole      
possessor ( ! packet ( sweets2 & t !    
little boy1 cont5t to h got 8 papa1 made
 no ef=t to ass]t 8 rights 9 !m4 ,! big 
papa int]f]$1 say+1 ,mais1 mais1 la     
petite4444 ,give at lea/ ( ! bonbons to 
?y comrade4 ,x is only fair4  ,let h]   
eat !m1 ,jean1 put 9 8 si/]1 ) naive    
fem99e g5]osity & ju/ice4 ,!y are s     
un:olesome = ,augu/e1 see/ ?\8  ,! big  
man laugh$1 lit 8 pipe1 & ! ?ree w5t    
away into ! little g>d51 :]e !y /roll$1 
talk+ 9 ! summ] twilight4  ,we came     
happily to an an*or "h1 9 ?is foggy     
little hav51 & f9d+ we c\ld secure1 at  
tol]ably mod]ate *>ges1 ! accommodation 
we requir$1 made up our m9ds to /ay at  
?is little hotel = ! few weeks ( our    
abs5ce f ,brussels4    ,,ii4  ,next     

morn+ we 7 breakfa/+ 9 ! g>d5 "u a      
trellis ( hop-leaves1 :5 ! big man 9 !  
bl\se came up ! gravel-walk1 ) 8 small  
son on 8 %\ld]4  ,!y 7 mak+ a trem5d\s  
noise4 ,! little boy 0 pull+ 8 fa!r's   
great r$ e>2 he affect$ to bell[ )      
angui%1 8 ro>+ voice topp$ by ! *ild's  
%rill1 gleeful treble4 ,we salut$ ! new 
com]s 9 a neighborly mann]4  ,a         
beautiful day1 ,madame1 said ! big man1 
9 ,fr5*1 tak+ (f 8 hat & b[+ politely to
 ,john's wife1 at ! same "t surr\nd+ 8  
son safely ) 8 left arm4  ,madame & ^!  
,messieurs are ,engli%1 is x n8  ,a     
pretty place1 we w5t on to say1 aft]    
own+ our nationality1 & v pleasant 9 ?is
 hot wea!r aft] ! gl>e ( ,brussels4  ,x 
is t2 & ,i am "h z (t5 z possible1      
return$ our new acqua9tance4 ,my si/] is
 /ay+ "h = ! advantage ( ?is little man4
 4 4 4 ,monsieur ,augu/e1 at y\r s]vice4
 ,salute !n ! society1 ,augu/e4 ,y mu/  
"k he has ! pret5sion to be a little    
delicate1 ?is "y man4 ,an invalid1 if y 
please2 consequ5tly 8 aunt spoils him6  

,x is a ruse on 8 "p1 y p]ceive4 ,ah1   
bah6 ,an invalid6 ,my ^w1 he fatigues my
 poor arm4 ,ah--h6 ,i _c long] su/a9    
him4 ,i fa9t--,i drop him d[n he goes4 4
 4 la--a--a6  ,"h1 l[]+ him c>efully1 z 
if he 7 cry/al1 he pret5d$ to let 8 son 
sudd5ly tumble on a bit ( grass-plot4   
,at pres5t 7grumbl+7 "h he is1 brok5 to 
pieces probably2 we %all h ! tr\ble (   
m5d+ him4 ,8 aunt mu/ br+ h] ne$le &    
?read4  ,monsieur ,augu/e 0 s en*ant$ ) 
?is p]=mance t he encor$ x ec/atically4 
,8 fa!r obey$1 & !n s5t him (f runn+ to 
call out 8 aunt to breakfa/1 :i* 0 laid 
"u a neighbor+ trellis4  ,he is /rong on
 8 legs1 is x n1 ,madame8 said ! fa!r1  
look+ aft] him2 8 jolly face & light    
blue eyes a little grave1 & wi/ful4 ,8  
spirits are s high1 see y8 ,he is #aaj  
too intellig5t1 too intellectual--he has
 a little exhau/$ 8 /r5g?2 t says all4  
,he is well en\gh2 he has no malady2 & e
 day he is gett+ /\t]1 pla9ly to ! eye4 
,"h ! aunt & nephew jo9$ u4 ,our new    
acqua9tance introduc$ h]4  ,ma          

belle-soeur4 ,ma *]e1--,madame & ^!     
,messieurs are ,engli%4 ,!y are good    
en\gh to take an int]e/ 9 ?is infant    
,h]cules ( ours4  ,he toss$ ! *ild on 8 
%\ld] aga92 e/abli%$ on :i* ?rone 8     
little mon>* amus$ himself by ornam5t+ !
 p>5tal /raw-hat ) a huge fl>+ poppy &  
"s gre5 leaves1 b5ea? :i* ! jovial face 
bloom$ ,bac*ic4  ,mean:ile ! quiet "y   
,fr5*-woman1 smil+ affectionately at ^? 
playfell[s z !y w5t (f toge!r1 sat d[n  
on a *air we (f]$ h]1 & frankly ent]$   
into conv]sation4  ,9 a few m9utes we   
knew a great deal ab\t ?is little       
family4 ,! man 9 ! bl\se 0 a ,belgian   
pa9t]1 ,jean ,baud91 & well se5 9 !     
expositions ( ,p>is & ,brussels4 ,8 wife
 0 my si/]3 we 7 ( ,p>is4 ,:5 our little
 ,augu/e 0 born1 my poor si/] di$4 ,%e 0
 always delicate4 ,! little "o is v     
delicate4 ,ah1 s delicate1 also4 ,x is  
impossible to be ov]-c>eful ( him4 ,& 8 
fa!r1 :o is s /rong--s /rong6 ,b !      
little "o resembles 9 e mann] 8 "m4 ,8  
poor fa!r adores him1 z y see4 ,poor    

,jean6 he s t5d]ly lov$ 8 wife1 :o di$ 9
 h] fir/ y\?4 4 4 4 ,%e _h b eighte5    
ye>s--%e _h six ye>s less ?an ,i4 ,9 dy+
 %e begg$ me to be to h] infant a "m1 & 
to h] poor ,jean a si/]4 ,jean is a good
 bro!r1 bon et brave homme4 ,& = !      
little "o1 he is truly a *ild to be     
ador$--judici\sly1 x is und]/ood1       
madame3 ,i spoil him n1 believe me4 ,b  
he is clev] to a/oni% y1 t *ild4 ,s     
spiritual1 & !n su* a t5d] little good  
he>t--a disposition s amiable4 ,h>dly he
 requires correction4 4 4 4 ,augu/e6 h[ 
naughty ?\ art6 ,augu/e6 do/ ?\ he>8    
,jean6 take him !n (f ! du/y wall1 &    
wipe him a little4 ,mon ami1 ?\ spoile/ 
! *ild2 "o mu/ be judici\s4  ,we        
pres5tly left ! g>d51 &1 9 pass+1 beheld
 ,monsieur ,augu/e at breakfa/4 ,he 0   
seat$ betwe5 8 papa & aunt1 & 0 be+     
ador$ by bo? 7judici\sly & injudici\sly7
 to ! he>t's cont5t ( all ?ree4  ,we    
/ay$ a mon? at ?is little hotel at ,!   
,tadpoles4 ,! ,engli% family soon       
frat]niz$ ) t ( ,jean ,baud91 ! ,flemi% 

pa9t]1 also soj\rn+ !re1 & ! only o!r   
resid5t gue/s4  ,john's wife &          
,mademoiselle became good fri5ds &      
gossips1 & sat at "w & *at _m a summ]   
h\r "u ! hop trellises4 ,mademoiselle   
,rose ,lecl]c 0 ! ,fr5*woman's "n1 b h] 
"n ( c]emony 0 simply ,mademoiselle4    
,john & ,i us$ to walk$ ab\t ! c\ntry1  
among ! lanes1 & woods1 & hamlets :i*   
div]sify ! flats on t side ( ,brussels1 
accompany+ ,jean ,baud9 & 8 pa9t-box4   
,we sat "u a tree1 or on a /one f5ce1   
smok+ pipes ( pati5ce1 :ile ,jean made  
/udies = ^? wond]ful1 elaborate t9y     
pictures1 ! "w ( 8 big h&s1 by :i* he & 
8 little son liv$4 ,i rememb]1 9        
p>ticul>1 a mossy old cottage1 r\gh &   
grey2 ! front clo!d ) v9es1 ! qua9t long
 gable runn+ d[n beh9d to )9 a y>d ( !  
gr\nd4 ,baud9 sket*$ t cottage v (t52 & 
(t5 us$ its _m picturesque features4    
,sometimes x 0 ! rickety1 black-timb]$  
por*1 g>l&$ ) v9e2 a sonsy1 blond-hair$ 
"y ,flemi% maid5 sat !re1 & twirl$ !    
bobb9s on a lace-cu%ion1 9 a w>m yell[  

flick] ( sun%9e4 ,sometimes ,jean w5t "r
 into ! por* & into ! cottage itself1 & 
pres5tly br\ght u out an old blue-g[n$1 
black-coif$ creature1 knitt+ z %e kick$ 
! gr&-babe's clumsy cradle #aaa ) h]    
clumsy sabot2--a ray ?r\gh ! leafy      
little w9d[-hole f\nd ! crone's :ite    
hair1 & ! infant *eek4 ,hone/ ,jean only
 pa9t$ :at he saw ) 8 eyes4 ,he c\ld    
copy su* simple poetry z ?is1 & feel x  
too1 ?\gh he c\ld indite no orig9al     
poems on 8 canvas pages4 ,he 0 a he>ty  
good fell[1 & we soon got to l him1 & 8 
k9dly1 unpret5ti\s1 b n un%rewd1 talk--t
 is1 :5 x c\ld be got (f ! pat]nal      
grooves--:i*1 to say ! tru?1 0 seldom]  
?an we 7:o 7 n ourselves at t p]iod !   
p>5ts ( prodigies7 may h secretly       
desir$4  ,9 ! summ] ev5+s we us$ to sit 
9 ! g>d5 all toge!r1 ! ladies graci\sly 
p]mitt+ u to smoke4 ,we lik$ to set !   
*ildr5 a-danc+ aga9 on ! grass-plot be=e
 u2 & ,i mu/ "h confess t !y saltat$ to 
a m&ol9 t\*$ by ?is h&4 ,i _h /udi$ !   
in/rum5t "u a ragg$ mae/ro ( ,naples1 & 

flatt]$ myself4 ,i p]=m$ on x ) cr$it to
 bo?1 & to ! g5]al delight4  ,sometimes 
,jean ,baud9 w\ld tie to 8 cane a little
 pocket-h&k]*ief ( ,monsieur ,augu/e1 & 
putt+ ?is ensign into 8 h&1 cause him to
 g ?r\gh a c]ta9 vocal p]=mance ( a     
m>tial & defiant "*4 ,! pale little man 
did x ) mu* _s1 & a trucul5t aspect1    
/amp+ fi]cely at p>ticul> mom5ts ( !    
/ra94 ,i c only rememb] ! effective op5+
 ( ?is ent]ta9m5t4 ,?us x began--,les   
,belges 7at ?is po9t ! small p]=m] ?rew 
up ! /aff & flag ( 8 c\ntry1 & %\t$ ff7 
,,sont ,,braves66 ,papa & aunt reg>d$ ) 
pride t f]oci\s *ampion ( 8 valiant     
compatriots1 look+ r\nd to read our     
a/oni%m5t & rapture 9 our faces4  ,we   
all got on excell5tly ) ! hotel folk1   
+ratiat+ ourselves *iefly by pay+ a     
respectful c\rt to ! solid & rosy little
 pr9cess ( ! h\se4 ,jean ,baud9 pa9t$   
h]1 sitt+ placid1 a little op5-m\!d1    
heavy-lidd$1 ov]-f$1 ) a lapful (       
*]ries4 ,we all made mu* ( h] & submitt$
 to h]4 ,john's wife pres5t$ h] ) a     

frock ( ,engli% pr9t1 ( a *>m+          
apple-gre52 out ( :i* ! fat p9k face    
bloom$ l a c>nation-bud out ( its calyx4
  ,! "y l&lord w\ld br+ u out a di% to  
our g>d5 d9n]-table1 on purpose t he    
might l+] & *at ab\t ,engl&4 ,t c\ntry1 
& "s ( its model in/itutions1 appe>$ to 
excite 9 8 m9d a mixture ( awe &        
curiosity1 wond] & horror4 ,= in/ance1  
he _h he>d--he did n altoge!r believe x 
7deprecat+ly7--t n only 7 ! %ops (      
,london clos$1 ) %utt]s1 on ! ,sunday1 b
 also ! !atres2 & n only ! !atres1 b    
also ! expositions1 ! g>d5s & salons (  
dance1 ( music1 ( play4 ,h[6 x 0        
actually ! tru?8  ,c]ta9ly1 :at ,madame 
0 good en\gh to affirm "o mu/ believe4  
,b !n :at d !y8 ,no bus9ess1 no amusem5t
 :at !n d !y1 mon ,dieu6--  ,!y g to    
*ur*1 read ! ,bible1 & keep ! ,sabba?   
day holy1 ass]ts ,mrs4 ,fre%e1 9 p]fect 
good fai?1 & sev]ely & pr\dly1 z becomes
 a ,prote/ant ,briti%woman4  ,ti5s1     
ti5s6 ,b x is tri/e1 t--4 ,is x n t x is
 tri/e1 ,madame8 ,ti5s1 ti5s6 ,& ?is is 

t :i* is ! ,prote/antism4 ,s9ce ,madame 
h]self affirms x1 "o c d\bt no long]4   
,& he goes pond]+ away1 to tell 8 wife2 
) no increas$ t5d5cy to ! re=m$ fai?4   
,ev5 ,joseph1 ! /olid & fi%y-ey$ wait]1 
patroniz$ u1 & gravely did u a hundr$   
oblig+ s]vices beyond 8 (ficial duty4   
,on a c]ta9 ev5+1 ,mademoiselle1 ,john1 
,john's wife1 & ,i1 sat z usual at book 
or "w "u ! trellises2 :ile ! two *ildr51
 at heal?ful play1 prattl$ "u ! %ade ( !
 laurel-bu%es h>d by4 ,z usual1 ! solid 
little ,flemi% maid5 0 #aab tyranniz+   
calmly ov] h] playfell[4 ,we con/antly  
he>d h] small voice1 quiet1 sl[1 &      
dom9at+3 ,je le veux4 ,je ne le veux    
pas4 ,!y _h = play?+s a little h&bell & 
a toy-wagon1 & 7 play+ at railways4     
,augu/e 0 ! port]1 trundl+ up1 ) %rill  
cries1 heavy luggage-trucks pil$ )      
gravel1 gooseb]ry-sk9s1 t9 soldi]s1 &   
bits ( cork4 ,m>ie 0 a ri* & haughty    
lady ab\t to proce$ by ! next convoi1 & 
pay+ an imm5se sum1 9 daisies1 = h]     
ticket1 to ,augu/e1 become a cl]k4 ,a   

disput$ po9t 9 ^! transactions appe>$ to
 be ! possession ( ! bell2 ! frequ5t r++
 ( :i* 0 inde$ a pr9cipal feature ( !   
p]=mance4 ,augu/e cont5d$ hotly1 b )    
consid]able %[ ( reason1 to ?is         
effect3--,t ! in/rum5t belong$ to him1 9
 8 (ficial capacities ( port] & cl]k1 r 
?an to ! ri* & haughty lady1 :o z a     
pass5g] 0 n1 & c\ld n be1 entitl$ to    
monopolize ! bell ( ! company4 ,inde$1  
he decl>$ himself ne>ly c]ta9 t1 z f> z 
8 exp]i5ce w5t1 pass5g]s nev] did r+ x  
at all4 ,b ,m>ie's ,je le veux settl$ ! 
dispute1 & c>ri$ h] 9 triumph1 aft] !   
cru%+ mann] ( h] sex1 ov] all frivol\s  
mascul9e logic4  ,mademoiselle sat      
placid beside u1 do+ h] int]m9able &    
elaborate sat9-/it*4 ,%e 0 work+ at a   
broad :ite slip1 int5d$1 ,i und]/ood1 to
 =m ! ornam5tal base ( a petticoat4 ,x 0
 at lea/ a foot wide1 ( a florid &      
labyr9?9e patt]n1 full ( oval & r\nd    
holes1 :i* appe>$ to h be5 cut out ( !  
/uff 9 ord] t ,mademoiselle might be at 
! pa9s ( fill+ !m up aga9 ) ?ready      

cobwebs4 ,%e w\ld (t5 ) demure & innoc5t
 complac5cy display ?is fabric1 9 its   
progress1 to ,john's wife 7:o does n    
h]self1 ,i fancy1 excel 9 sat9-/it*71 & 
relate h[ %ort a "t 7f\r mon?s1 ,i ?9k7 
%e _h tak5 to br+ x s ne> completion4   
,mrs4 ,fre%e reg>d$ ?is "w ( art )      
fem99e eyes ( admiration1 & slyly rem>k$
 t x 0 really beautiful en\gh meme p\r  
un tr\sseau4 ,at ! same "t %e )         
difficulty conceal$ h] disapproval ( !  
wa/e ( preci\s "t incurr$ by ! au?oress 
( ! petticoat-bord]4 ,n t ,mademoiselle 
c\ld be accus$ ( neglect+ ! sev]] =ms ( 
h] sci5ce2 su* z ! con/ruction ( frocks 
& bl\ses = ,monsieur ,augu/e--adorn$1 x 
mu/ be admitt$1 ) frivol\s & intricate  
convolutions ( braid4 ,& ! exquisite    
neatness ( ! visible portions (         
,monsieur ,jean's l95 also bore         
honorable te/imony to ,mademoiselle's m 
solid labors4  ,into ! mid/ ( ?is       
peaceful g>d5-sc5e ent]$ a new p]sonage4
 ,a man ( middle height1 ) a knapsack at
 8 back1 came up ! gravel-walk3 a h&some

 br[n-fac$ fell[ ( five-&-?irty1 ) a big
 black be>d1 & a neat holl& bl\se1 & a  
grey felt hat4  ,mademoiselle & he      
caught sight ( ea* o!r at ! same in/ant4
  ,bo? gave a cry4 ,h] r sall[ little   
face flu%$ l a rose4 ,%e />t$ up2 d[n   
dropp$ h] petticoat-"w2 %e ran =w>d1    
?r[+ out h] h&s2 %e /opp$ %ort--%y1 &   
bright1 & pretty z eighte56 ,! man made 
a /ride & took h] 9 8 arms4  ,ma ,rose6 
ma ,rose6 ,enf96 cri$ he 9 a /rangl$    
voice4  ,%e said no?+1 b hung at 8 neck1
 h] two little h&s on 8 %\ld]s1 h] face 
on 8 brea/4  ,b t 0 only = a mom5t4 ,!n 
,mademoiselle dis5gag$ h]self1 & glanc$ 
%amefac$ly at u4 ,!n %e came quickly    
up--came to ,john's wife1 slid an arm   
r\nd h] neck1 & said rapidly1           
tremul\sly1 ) sp>kl+1 te>ful eyes3      
,c'e/ ,jules1 ,madame4 ,c'e/ mon fiance 
depuis quatre ans4 ,ah1 ,madame1 j'ai   
honte--mais1--& ran back to him4 ,%e 0  
trans=m$4 ,9 place ( t /aid1 almo/      
old-maidi% #aac little p]son we knew1   
lo6 a ba%ful1 rosy1 smil+ girl1 tripp+1 

skipp+1 beside h]self ) happy love6 ,&  
h] little coll> 0 all rumpl$1 & s 7 h]  
smoo? br[n braids4 ,monsieur ,jules took
 (f 8 felt hat1 & b[$ politely :5 %e    
came to u1 guess+ t he 0 be+ introduc$4 
,8 br[n face blu%$ a little1 too3 x 0 a 
happy & hone/ "o1 v pleasant to see4  ,!
 *ildr5 _h left (f play+1 & />$ wide-ey$
 at ^! extraord9>y proce$+s4            
,mademoiselle ran to h] little nephew1 &
 br\ght him to ,jules4  ,i recognize    
well ! son ( our poor ,lolotte1 said he1
 s(tly1 lift+ & kiss+ him4 ,& t de>     
,jean1 :]e is he8  ,ev5 z he spoke !re  
came a famili> ro> f t w9d[ ov]look+ !  
c\rt-y>d1 by :i* ! pa9t] sat at 8 easel 
almo/ all day4 ,ohe6 ,monsieur ,ba-,b\6 
,! little boy ne>ly jump$ out ( 8 new   
fri5d's arms4  ,papa6 papa6             
,laissez-moi1 done1 ,mos\6--,papa6  ,is 
x t ?\ art by *ance ?is monsieur :om !y 
call8 laugh$ ,jules1 z he put him d[n4  
,way1 way6 cri$ ! little man z he patt]$
 (f1 ) t gleeful %riek ( 84 ,c'e/ moi1  
,mos\ ,ba-,b\6 ,ba-,b\6  ,?\ kn[e/ t    

great voice ( our ,jean1 said           
,mademoiselle2 :5 he has f9i%$ 8 day's  
labor he always calls 8 *ild l t4 ,hav+ 
work$ all day = ! little "o1 he goes n[ 
to make himself a *ild to play ) him4   
,he calls t to re/ himself4 ,& truly !  
little "o idolizes 8 fa!r1 & = him w    
leave all o!r playfell[s--ev5 me4 ,come1
 !n1 ,jules1 let u seek ,jean4  ,& ) a  
smil+ salute to u ! happy c\ple w5t     
arm-9-arm out ( ! g>d54    ,,iii4  ,we  
did n see mu* ( our fri5ds ! next day4  
,aft] _! e>ly d9n]1 ,jean came up ! g>d5
 all alone1 to smoke a pipe1 & /ret* 8  
legs be=e he return$ to 8 "w4 ,we ?\ght 
8 good-natur$ face 0 a little sad1 9    
spite ( 8 *e]ful abord1 z he came to our
 g>d5 p>lor & spoke to u4  ,x is a      
pleasure to see !m1 is x n8 said he1    
look+ aft] ! lov]s1 j vani%+ "u ! ar*way
 ( ! c\rt-y>d1 into ! sunny village     
road4 ,mademoiselle _h left (f h] sob]  
black silk1 & float$ 9 ! airie/ ( *9tz  
musl9s4  ,my good little ,rose m]its    
well h] happ9ess4 ,%e s5t t brave ,jules

 m>*+ f\r ye>s ago1 because %e _h       
promis$ my poor wife n to ab&on h]      
helpless infant4 ,truly %e has be5 ! be/
 ( little mo!rs to my ,augu/e4 ,jules   
w5t away angry en\gh2 b )\t d\bt he mu/ 
h lov$ h] all ! bett] :5 he came to     
reflect4 ,he has be5 to ,italy1 to      
,switz]l&1 to ,engl&--"k ,i :]e8 ,he is 
arti/-pa9t]1 l me--( ,france always     
und]/ood4 ,me1 ,i am ,flemi%1 & v cont5t
 to be ! compatriot ( ,rub5s1 ( ,v&yke4 
,b ,jules has v mu* tal5t3 he pa9ts also
 ! portraits1 & has made successes4 ,he 
is a brave boy1 & des]ves 8 ,rose4  ,w !
 m>riage take place n[1 at la/8 we      
v5tur$ to ask4  ,z ,i suppose1 answ]$   
,jean1 8 face cl\d+ p]ceptibly4  ,b y w 
n sep>ate2 y w live toge!r1 p]haps1     
sugge/$ ,john's wife4  ,ah1 ,madame1 h[ 
c t be8 ,jules is ( ,france & ,i (      
,belgium4 ,:5 ,i m>ri$ ,i br\ght my wife
 to ,brussels2 naturally he w c>ry 8 to 
,p>is4 ,c'e/ ju/e4  ,poor little ,augu/e
 w miss 8 aunt1 said ,john's wife1      
involunt>ily1 & %e w h>dly be> to leave 

him1 ,i ?9k4  ,ah1 ,madame1 said ,jean1 
) ev] s little bitt]ness 9 8 tone1 :at  
w\ld y8 ,! little "o mu/ come second n[2
 ! husb& w #aad be fir/4 ,yes1 yes1 & x 
is b fair6 ,augu/e is /rong n[1 & ,i mu/
 f9d him a good bonne4 ,i compla9 n4 ,i 
am n s ungrateful4 ,my poor ,rose mu/ n 
be always ! sacrifice4 ,%e has be5 an   
angel to u4 ,see y1 %e has sav$ ! life (
 u bo?4 ,! little "o mu/ h di$ )\t h]1 &
 app>5tly ,i mu/ h di$ )\t ! little "o4 
,c'e/ simple1 n'e/ ce pas8 smil+4 ,!n he
 gave a sigh1 truly z if he c\ld n      
repress x1 & walk$ away ha/ily4 ,we     
look$ aft] him1 compassion 9 our he>ts4 
,t sickly little boy w h>dly live if 8  
aunt leaves him1 said ,mrs4 ,fre%e1 & 8 
fa!r kn[s x4  ,b :at a cruel sacrifice  
if %e /ay$6 said ,john4  ,& c h] lov] be
 expect$ to wait till ,augu/e has gr[n  
up into a /rong man8 ,i put 94  ,! day  
aft] 0 ,sunday4 ,com+ f an e>ly walk1 ,i
 he>d a trem5d\s clamor1 ( woe or       
m]rim5t1 proce$+ f a small sitt+-room t 
op5$ into ! entrance passage4 ,! door 0 

wide1 & ,i look$ 94 ,jean ,baud9 0 jamm$
 up 9 a corn]1 beh9d a b>ricade ( *airs1
 & 0 h[l+ mis]ably1 entreat+ to be let  
out4 ,8 big sun-br[n$ face 0 cr[n$ by a 
:ite coif made ( pap]1 & a :ite apron 0 
ti$ r\nd 8 great wai/ ov] 8 blue bl\se4 
,augu/e & ,m>ie danc$ ab\t ! b>ricade ) 
%rill screams1 frantic ) joy4  ,:5      
,baud9 saw me he gave a dismal yell1 &  
pite\sly begg$ me to come to 8          
assi/ance4 ,see1 !n1 my de> "y g5tleman1
 h[ ^! b&its1 ^! rebels1 ^! demons1     
maltreat _! poor bonne6 ,help1 help6 &  
sudd5ly1 ) a ro> l a small ,niag>a1 he  
bur/ out ( 8 prison & took to 8 heels1  
r\nd & r\nd ! c\rt & up ! g>d51 ! *ildr5
 scream+ aft] him--! noise really       
t]rific4 ,pres5tly x di$ away1 & he came
 back to ! door/ep :]e ,i /ood1 ,augu/e 
on 8 %\ld] & ! little maid5 demurely    
trott+ aft]4 ,at pres5t1 ,i am ! bonne1 
said he4 ,rose & h] ,jules are gone to  
*ur*2 s is our ho/ess4 ,9 ! mean:ile1 ,i
 und]take to look aft] ! *ildr54 ,h y   
ev] se5 a little bonne m pretty8 ) my   

coquette cap & my neat apron--he98  ,t  
ev5+ ! lov]s w5t out 9 a boat on ! great
 pond1 or little lake1 at ! back ( !    
hotel4 ,!y c>ri$ ,augu/e ) !m4 ,we all  
w5t to ! wat]'s edge2 ! re/ rema9$ a    
:ile1 lean+ ov] ! rails t p>tly skirt$ !
 p>apet wall except ,jean1 :o /roll$ (f 
) 8 t9y sket*-book4 ,a v peaceful summ] 
picture 0 be=e u1 :i* ,i c see n[ if ,i 
%ut my eyes--,i (t5 see x4 ,a calm &    
lovely ,augu/ ev5+ ne> sunset2 a few    
gold5 fea!rs afloat 9 ! blue sky4 ,bel[1
 ! glassy pond t repeats blue sky1      
r$-ro($ cottages1 gre5 banks1 & woody   
slopes--repeats1 also1 ! solit>y boat   
r[$ by ,jules1 ! ?ree light-color$      
figures x conta9s1 & a pair ( swans t   
glide /ately aft]4 ,! little boy is ?r[+
 bits ( bread or cake to !m4  ,z we /ood
 !re & admir$ ?is pretty little bright  
panorama1 ,john's wife obs]v$ t ! *ild 0
 fl++ himself dang]\sly =w>d1 9 8 usual 
eag]1 excit$ way1 at e ca/ he made4  ,i 
wond]1 said %e1 t 8 aunt takes no       
notice4 ,%e is s absorb$ 9 talk ) ,jules

 %e nev] turns h] head4 ,look6 look6    
,a--h6  ,a dreadful %riek w5t up f lake 
& %ore4 ,! poor little fell[1 _h        
ov]balanc$ himself1 & _h gone headlong  
into ! lake4 ,"s "o _h fla%$ ov] !      
p>apet wall at ! same mom5t1 & /ruck !  
wat] ) a spla% & a ?ud4 ,"s "o 0 te>+   
?r\gh x l a /eam-eng9e1 t[>d ! boat4 ,x 
0 my bro!r ,john4 ,we saw & he>d ,jules1
 frantic1 & evid5tly impot5t to save2 we
 saw him make a va9 clut* at some?+ t   
rose to ! surface4 ,at ! same "t we #aae
 p]ceiv$ t he _h sc>ce p[] to keep ,rose
 ) 8 left h& f ?r[+ h]self into ! wat]4 
,h>dly ?ree m9utes _h yet pass$1 yet    
half ! population seem$ ?rong+ to !     
lake-side1 "h1 :]e ! village skirt$ x4  
,& sudd5ly we beheld a t]rible--a pite\s
 sight4 ,a big1 b>ehead$ man1 t bur/    
?r\gh ! p1 pale1 furi\s1 awful2 8 tee?  
set1 8 light blue eyes fl>+4 ,he seem$  
to cra% ?r\gh ! cr[d1 spl9t]+ x "r &    
left1 l a bomb%ell ?r\gh a wall1 & 0 go+
 crazy & headlong ov] ! p>apet into !   
wat]4 ,he c\ld swim no m ?an ,jules4    

,sauve6 sauve6 cri$ ,john's wife1 gripp+
 8 h& & hang+ to x z he w5t ru%+ pa/4   
,my husb& has f\nd him4 ,see6 see !re1  
,jean ,baud96 ,he holds up ! de> *ild4  
,%e c\ld n h kept him back a            
mom5t--probably he did n feel h] t\*2 he
 0 only dragg+ h] ) him4 ,b 8 wild eyes1
 fix$ & />+ =w>d1 _h se5 = !mselves :at 
he nev] he>d h] say4  ,fa/1 fa/ z "o arm
 c\ld o> him1 my bro!r 0 br++ ,jean 8   
little "o1 held above wat] by ! o!r h&4 
,!n t poor huge body sway$ & %iv]$2 !   
trembl+ h&s w5t out1 ! face unlock$ a   
little1 !re came a ho>se sob1 & l a ?91 
/rangl$ cry 9 a dream--  ,mon petit6 mon
 petit6  ,b /rong aga91 & savage ) love1
 h[ he snat*$ ! pale little burd5 f     
,john1 & tore up ! bank to ! hotel4 ,!re
 7 wood5 back-gates t op5$ into ! c\rt  
on ! lake-side1 b :i* 7 unus$ & lock$4  
,at "o mighty kick !y yawn$ op5 be=e    
,jean1 & he ru%$ on into ! h\se4 ,"h all
 _h be5 prud5tly prep>$1 & ! little     
dripp+ body 0 quickly /ripp$ & wrapp$ 9 
hot blankets4 ,! village doctor 0       

already !re1 & two or ?ree wom54 ,jean  
,baud9 help$ ! doctor & ! wom5 ) a t\*+ 
docility4 ,all 8 noisy r\ghness 0       
smoo!d4 ,he tam$ 8 big voice to a       
delicate :isp]4 ,he spoke & mov$ ) an   
affect+ submissive g5tl5ess1 wat*+ :at  
!re 0 he c\ld d1 & do+ x exactly z he 0 
bid4 ,n[ & !n he spoke a ^w or two "u 8 
brea?--,"o mu/ be pati5t1 ,i "k1        
,monsieur le ,m$ec92 yes1 yes4 ,& n[ &  
!n he mutt]$ pite\sly ,mon petit6 mon   
petit6 ,b he 0 z g5tle z a lamb1 &      
t\*+ly eag] to be helpful4  ,9 half an  
h\r 8 pa9 got ! bett] ( him a little4   
,mais1 mon ,dieu1 mon ,dieu6 he moan$1  
h[ ,i suff]6 ,ah1 ,monsieur1 is x n t he
 brea!s a little1 my de> little "o8 ,ah1
 my ,god1 save me him6 ,mon petit6 mon  
petit6  ,he w5t into a corn] ( ! room1 &
 /ood ) 8 =ehead aga9/ ! wall1 8 %\ld]s 
heav+ ) sil5t sobs4 ,!n he came back    
quiet & pati5t aga94  ,priez1 priez p\r 
moi1 ,madame1 said he1 once1 to ,john's 
wife4  ,i am pray+ )\t ceas+1 my poor   
fri5d1 said %e4 ,& once %e ha/ily laid a

 h&k]*ief soak$ 9 ess5ce on 8 =ehead1 = 
%e ?\ght he 0 surely go+ to fa9t1 :5 !  
hope1 long1 long def]r$1 began to turn 8
 he>t sick4  ,all ?is "t ,john & ,i l+]$
 9 ! dusky passage1 9 :i* t door aj>    
made a cleft ( yell[ light4 ,e n[ & !n a
 dim figure /ole up to u ) an eag] sad  
:isp]1 ask+1 ,h[ goes x8 h[ goes x8 &   
slipp$ away d[n-/airs ) ! com=tless     
answ]4  ,x 0 poor ,jules1 :o c\ld d no?+
 = 8 ,rose b ?is4 ,%e _h ?r[n h]self on 
! floor 9 a d>k5+ room1 & lay !re moan+4
 ,h] dire angui%1 %>p z a "m's = !      
little "o1 0 cruelly & unduly aggravat$ 
by self-reproa*1 & by ! self-inflict$   
agony ( h] exile f t room up-/airs4 ,%e 
d>$ n ent] ,jean's pres5ce4 ,%e felt t  
he mu/ = ev] abhor ! sight ( h]2 %e 0   
afraid he #aaf might curse h]6 ,%e      
reject$ all k9dness1 all sympa?y1       
especially f ,jules1 :om %e q fi]cely   
ord]$ to quit h]4 ,b :5 x got q d>k1 !  
poor fell[ took 9 a c&le1 & set x on a  
table2 & he sp5t ! "t 9 go+ up &        
d[n-/airs to fet* h] t :isp] ( news1    

:i*1 p]haps1 he sweet5$ ) a little false
 hope be=e he (f]$ x to h]4  ,at la/ we 
outside he>d a movem5t--a /ifl$         
exclamation2 & !n "o ( ! wom5 ran out4  
,! *ild has op5$ 8 eyes6 said %e1 z %e  
hurri$ d[n-/airs = "s article requir$4  
,pres5tly we he>d a man sobb+ s(tly2 &  
!n--yes1 a fa9t t9y voice4 ,& aft]      
t--no?+1 = a long :ile4 ,b at la/ at    
la/6 a mis]able1 awful cry1 & a heavy1  
heavy fall4 ,& !n came out ,john's wife1
 at sight ( ^: face we turn$ sick at    
he>t1 & foll[$ h] sil5tly d[n-/airs4 ,we
 knew :at _h happ5$3 ! little "o 0 dead4
  ,he _h op5$ 8 eyes1 & _h probably kn[n
 8 fa!r2 = ! light t 8 pres5ce always   
k9dl$ !re _h come into ! little :ite    
face4 ,jean1 too ready to clut* !       
delusive hope1 fell a-sobb+ ) rapture1 &
 kiss+ ! little fair head4 ,! *ild tri$ 
to speak1 & did speak1 ?\gh b once4  ,he
 said1 ',ba-,b\' q di/9ctly1 said       
,john's wife1 & !n su* a pretty smile   
came2 & x's--x's !re /ill1 on 8 little  
de> dead face1 ,john4  ,"h %e broke d[n1

 & w5t into a passion ( te>s1 sobb+ =   
poor ,jean6 poor ,jean6  ,he _h fa9t$ = 
! fir/ "t 9 8 /rong life1 & s t bless$  
unconsci\sness 0 dead5+ ! fir/          
insupportable agony ( 8 dreadful w\nd4  
,!y c>ri$ him out1 & laid him on 8 b$1 &
 ,i believe ! doctor bl$ him4 ,!y hop$  
he w\ld sleep aft]w>d f %e] exhau/ion4  
,pres5tly poor ,jules came to u1 cry+ l 
a *ild1 & begg+ u to g to 8 ,rose to try
 to r\se h]1 if only to make h] weep4   
,%e _h fall5 into a dry dep? & abyss (  
despair--an icy crevasse1 :]e ev5 8 love
 c\ld n rea* h]4  ,s9ce %e _h kn[n !    
*ild 0 dead1 %e _h n /irr$1 except to   
resi/1 moan+1 e attempt to lift h] f !  
floor1 :]e %e _h ca/ h]self1 & except t 
%e %udd]$ & repuls$ ,jules1 especially1 
:5ev] he w5t ne> h]4  ,we w5t into !    
room :]e %e lay4 ,my good bro!r /oop$1 &
 spoke to h] 9 8 t5d]1 manly fa%ion1 &  
lift$ h]1 ) a resolution to :i* %e      
yield$1 & seat$ h] on a s(a beside 8    
wife1 ^: k9d arms clos$ r\nd h] suff]+  
si/]4  ,& sudd5ly "s "o _h come 9 :om   

,rose c\ld n see1 = h] eyes 7 press$ to 
t womanly bosom4 ,john's wife made a    
little w>n+ ge/ure t kept u o!rs sil5t4 
,x 0 poor ,jean himself2 he came 9 z if 
9 se>* ( some:at2 he 0 deadly pale1 &   
p]haps half unconsci\s :at he did4 ,he 0
 )\t %oes1 & 8 clo!s & blond hair & be>d
 7 tumbl$ & disord]$--j z :5 !y _h laid 
him on 8 b$4 ,:5 he saw ,rose1 he came  
/raight up to h]1 & sat d[n on h] o!r   
side4  ,ma pauvre ,rose1 said he        
pite\sly--  ,%e gave a cry & />t (      
t]ror1 & turn$ & saw him4 ,! poor       
fell['s brok5 he>t 0 9 8 face2 %e c\ld n
 mi/ake ! sweet-natur$ angui% !re4 ,half
 bewild]$ by 8 inconceivable grief1 he  
_h gone to h]1 in/9ctively1 l a *ild1 = 
sympa?y & com=t4  ,ma pauvre ,rose1 said
 he1 brok5ly2 notre petit--             
,passionately %e took 8 great head      
betwe5 h] h&s1 & drew x d[n on h] bosom1
 & kiss$ x passionately weep+ at la/4   
,& we all came out s(tly1 & left        
!m--left !m to t ,pity :i* s5ds u !     
:olesome agony ( su* te>s4  ------  #aag

   ,,c>d9al ,,wiseman ,,9 ,,rome4   ,x 0
 9 ! ye> #ahfc1 says ,monsignore ,mann+1
 9 8 fun]al oration on ! great pr9ce ( !
 ,*ur* ^: loss ! :ole ,ca?olic _w is n[ 
deplor+1 t ! sov]eign pontiff1 speak+ ( 
! c>d9al1 describ$ him z '! man ( div9e 
,provid5ce = ,engl&4' ,& truly x seems  
to u t ! direct inspiration ( ! ,holy   
,gho/ has seldom be5 s cle>ly app>5t 9 !
 *oice ( a bi%op z x 0 9 ! case ( him :o
 has fill$ ! ca!dral *air ( ,we/m9/] = !
 la/ fifte5 ye>s4 ,:5 we rememb] !      
peculi> circum/ances "u :i* he began 8  
pa/or%ip--! reaction :i* 0 /eadily1 ?\gh
 z yet almo/ imp]ceptibly1 go+ on 9     
favor ( ! ,*ur*2 ! d\bt & p]plexity &   
wav]+ ) :i* a cr[d ( w&]+ s\ls 7 grop+ 9
 d>kness = ! portals ( div9e tru?2 & !n 
! outbur/ ( ang] ) :i* ! nation at l>ge 
read ! bulls ( ! ,holy ,fa!r1 rais+ up !
 ,engli% ,*ur* f ! humiliation 9 :i* %e 
_h la9 = ?ree hundr$ ye>s1 we %all      
readily und]/& t a r>e union ( qualities
 0 requir$ 9 ! man :o %\ld und]/& &     
direct ^? hone/ seek]s aft] tru?1 &     

brea/ successfully t /orm ( popul> fury4
 ,t ,ni*olas ,wiseman1 :o _h left ,engl&
 at ! age ( sixte51 & pass$ tw5ty ye>s (
 8 y\? & e>ly manhood at ,rome--absorb$1
 j at ! "t :5 ! "* is mo/ liable to be  
m\ld$ by ext]nal associations1 9 !      
!ological /udies & c]emonies & sacr$    
traditions ( ! ecclesia/ical capital--t 
he1 we say1 %\ld h display$ su* a       
rem>kable fitness = bo? ^! works1 is n  
only an indication ( ! great qualities (
 ! man1 b an in/ructive comm5t>y on !   
s*ool 9 :i* he _h be5 =m$4 ,x %[s u t a 
,roman education1 :ile x enl>ges ! view 
& sweeps away local prejudices1 yet     
leaves unt\*$ ! sali5t po9ts ( national 
"*4 ,= 8 success 9 deal+ ) ! ,ca?olic   
movem5t :i* foll[$ ! emancipation act ( 
#ahbi1 ,c>d9al ,wiseman 0 l>gely indebt$
 to ! quickness & accuracy ( p]ception 9
 !ological matt]s :i* he _h acquir$ dur+
 8 long resid5ce at ! c5tre ( ! ,*ri/ian
 ,*ur*2 :at help$ him mo/ 9 8 victory   
ov] ! bur/ ( ,prote/ant fury :i* foll[$ 
! re/oration ( ! ,engli% hi]>*y1 & f\nd 

(ficial expression 9 ! ecclesia/ical    
titles bill1 0 8 ?or\gh ,engli% boldness
 & hone/y ( spee* & manly be>+4 ,he     
appeal$ to 8 c\ntrym5's traditional love
 ( fair-play2 !y he>d him2 & be=e long  
all classes le>n$ to love & respect him4
  ,( ! tw5ty ye>s' s*ool+ by :i* he     
prep>$ himself = 8 "w 9 ,engl&1 ! c>d9al
 has left u "s admirable sket*es1       
scatt]$ ?r\gh 8 books4 ,dr4 ,mann+      
allud$ briefly to ! influ5ce ( 8 ,roman 
education4 ,we propose to ga!r up :at ! 
c>d9al himself has said ab\t x2 to pa9t 
) 8 own p5cil a picture ( 8 life (      
prep>ation2 leav+ o!r h&s1 if !y w1 to  
pa9t 8 subsequ5t life ( labor4  ,ni*olas
 ,wiseman 0 born at ,seville1 9 ,spa91  
on ! second ( ,augu/1 #ahjb4 ,8 fa!r 0  
an ,engli% m]*ant1 8 "m an ,iri% lady4  
,he lo/ 8 fa!r 9 infancy1 & at ! age (  
six1 9 consequ5ce ( ^? w>s ( invasion   
:i* = a "t made ,spa9 no long]          
habitable1 0 tak5 to ,irel& to be       
educat$4 ,aft] sp5d+ "o or two ye>s at a
 bo>d+-s*ool ne> ,wat]=d1 8 "m w5t ) him

 to ,engl&1 & #aah plac$ him at ,/4     
,cu?b]t's college1 ,u%aw1 ne> ,durham4  
,dr4 ,l+>d 0 !n vice-presid5t ( !       
college1 & ,i h reta9$ ^u my memory1    
wrote ! c>d9al1 ne>ly fifty ye>s        
aft]w>d1 ! vivid recollection ( specific
 acts ( ?\ghtful & delicate k9dness1 :i*
 %[$ a t5d] he>t1 m9dful ( its duties   
amid/ ! _m h>ass+ occupations j devolv$ 
on him ?r\gh ! dea? ( ! presid5t & 8 own
 lit]>y engagem5ts2 = he 0 reconduct+ 8 
fir/ great "w ?r\gh ! press4 ,b ?\gh he 
w5t f college soon aft]1 & ,i lat] left 
! c\ntry1 & saw him n aga9 = fifte5     
ye>s1 yet !re grew up an indirect       
und]/&+ fir/1 & by degrees a            
correspond5ce & an intimacy :i* cont9u$ 
to ! close ( 8 life4    ,footnote #ch   
,footnote #ch3 ,recollections ( ! ,la/  
,f\r ,popes4 ,leo ,,xii4 ,*ap4   vii4   
,x 0 9 ! c\rse ( ! eight ye>s :i* he    
pass$ at ?is rev]5d seat ( le>n+--l9eal 
desc5dant ( ! old ,engli% college (     
,d\ay--t he det]m9$ to become a prie/4  
,"h he fir/ began to manife/ t deep     

affection = ! city ( ,/4 ,pet] :i*      
di/+ui%$ him d[n to ! end ( 8 life4 ,its
 hi/ory1 he says1 its topography1 its   
antiquities1 _h =m$ ! bond ( a little   
college society devot$ to ?is que5 (    
cities1 :ile ! dream ( its long+s _h be5
 ! hope ( "o day see+ :at c\ld !n only  
be kn[n ?r\gh he>say t\ri/s & fabul\s   
plans4 ,b ! hope 0 fulfill$ soon &      
unexpect$ly4 ,9 #ahah1 ,pope ,pius      
,,vii4 re/or$ ! ,engli% college at      
,rome1 aft] x _h be5 desolate &         
un9habit$ dur+ almo/ ! p]iod ( a        
g5]ation4 ,ni*olas ,wiseman 0 "o ( a b& 
( "y m5 s5t out to colonize x4 ,he gives
 a *>m+ description ( ! arrival ( !     
little p>ty at _! ,roman home1 & !      
delight & surprise ) :i* !y roam$1 alone
 & undirect$1 ?r\gh ! solemn build+1 )  
its wide corridors2 its neat & *e]ful   
rooms2 its wa9scott$ refectory1 f ^:    
gro9$ ceil+ look$ d[n ,/4 ,george & !   
dragon2 its libr>y heap$ ) tumultu\s    
piles ( unorganiz$ volumes2 its g>d51   
gl[+ ) ! lemon & orange1 & pres5t+ to   

"o's fir/ approa* a p]spective 9 fresco 
by ,pozzi2 &1 above all1 its *apel1     
illum9at$ f floor to ro( ) sa9ts (      
,engl& & cele/ial glories2--or1 bett]   
/ill1 adjo9+ ! college1 ! old ro(less   
*ur* ( ! ,holy ,tr9ity1 :]e 9 g5]ations 
long pa/ _m a pilgrim f ! ,briti% ,isles
 _h knelt to pray :5 ! good prie/s ( 8  
nation f$ & lodg$ him on 8 visit to !   
tomb ( ! apo/les4 ,pleasant mu/ h be5 ! 
meet+1 on t ,decemb] aft]noon 9 ! ye>   
#ahah1 betwe5 ^! six "y m5 & _! appo9t$ 
rector ,dr4 ,gradwell1 :o1 be+ abs5t :5 
!y arriv$1 came home t ev5+ & f\nd      
himself at ! head ( a college1 & 8      
frugal meal appropriat$ by ! hungry     
/ud5ts4  ,! happ9ess ( t day ca/s a gl[ 
ov] ! page on :i*1 :5 he 0 an old man1 !
 c>d9al record$ ! incid5ts4 ,on ,*ri/mas
 eve he 0 pres5t$1 ) "s ( 8 companions1 
to ! v5]able ,pius ,,vii4 ,we c imag9e !
 feel+s ( awe ) :i* he approa*$ ?is     
sa9tly man1 releas$ only a few ye>s be=e
 f ! ,fr5* captivity4 ,!re 0 ! halo ( a 
confessor r\nd ! ti>a ( ,pius t eclips$ 

all gold & jewels4444 ,in/ead ( receiv+ 
u1 z 0 cu/om>y1 seat$1 ! mild & amiable 
pontiff rose to welcome u1 & meet u z we
 approa*$4 ,he did n all[ x to be a m]e 
pres5tation1 or a visit ( c]emony4 ,x 0 
a fa!rly reception1 & 9 ! true/ s5se our
 inauguration into ! duties t await$ u4 
4444 ,! fri5dly & almo/ national grasp (
 ! h&1 aft] due homage _h be5 will+ly   
paid1 betwe5 ! head ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 
v5]able by 8 v age1 & a y\? :o _h no?+  
ev5 to promise2 #aai ! fir/ exhortation 
on ent]+ a c\rse ( ecclesia/ical        
/udy--its v inaugural disc\rse f him :om
 he believ$ to be ! f\nta9 ( spiritual  
wisdom on e>?2--^! surely =m$ a d\ble   
tie1 n to be brok51 b r /r5g!n$1 by e   
subsequ5t exp]i5ce4  ,d\btless 8 e>ly   
dreams ( ,rome 7 n[ surpass$ by !       
reality ( 8 daily life4 ,x 0 unalloy$   
spiritual & intellectual enjoym5t4 ,/udy
 0 no task2 x 0 only a sort ( pleasure2 
& ! h\rs ( relaxation became a s\rce (  
m5tal s*ool+1 ev5 :ile he 0 pursu+ ! mo/
 delightful recreations4 ,x is n        

difficult to imag9e h[ he mu/ h sp5t 8  
holidays--roam+ ?r\gh ! field ( art1 or 
re/+ at "s seat ( ! ,muses1 or w&]+     
along ! /ream ( "t1 bord]$ by monum5ts (
 pa/ greatness--e foot/ep awak5+ ! e*oes
 ( classic antiquity1 or call+ up ! mo/ 
sacr$ memories ( ! e>ly suff]+ ,*ur*4   
,ev5 ! solitude ( buri$ cemet]ies1 :]e !
 tombs !mselves are buri$1 :]e !        
sepul*res are !mselves ?+s decay$ &     
m\ld]+ 9 rott5ness1 is no solitude to   
him2 = he peoples x ) ! %ad[y =ms ( !   
,scipios & ,nasones ^: a%es are !re     
deposit$4 ,h[ (t51 9 aft] ye>s1 did he n
 recur ) fond delight to ! images ( long
 delici\s /rolls1 9 mus+ lonel9ess1     
?r\gh ! des]t$ ways ( ! anci5t city2 (  
climb+s among its hills1 ov] ru9s1 to   
rea* "s vantage-gr\nd = mapp+ ! subjac5t
 t]ritory1 & look+ beyond on ! glori\s  
*a9s ( great] & less] m\nta9s1 clad 9 _!
 imp]ial hues ( gold & purple2 & !n     
p]haps ( solemn entrance into ! cool    
solitude ( an op5 basilica1 :]e ! ?\ght 
n[ re/s1 z ! body !n did1 aft] ! sil5t  

ev5+ pray]1 & br+s =w>d f _m            
well-rememb]$ nooks e local inscription1
 e lovely monum5t ( art1 ! *>act]i/ic   
feature ( ea*1 or ! great names ) :i* x 
is associat$4444  ,?us does ,rome s9k   
deep & deep] into ! s\l1 l ! dew1 ( :i* 
e sep>ate drop is s(t & weightless1 b   
:i* /ill f9ds its way to ! root ( ev]y?+
 b5ea? ! soil1 imp>t+ !re to e future   
plant its own w>m t9t1 its own balmy    
fragrance1 & its own ev] rejuv5esc5t    
vigor4  ,su* 7 8 h\rs ( recreation3 /ill
 m delightful 7 8 h\rs ( /udy1          
especially 9 ! great public libr>ies1   
:]e noiseless monks br\ght him & pil$   
r\nd him ! folios :i* he requir$1 & he  
sat z /ill amid/ a hundr$ read]s z if he
 _h be5 alone4 ,e day 8 love1 8         
en?usiasm1 = 8 "w seem$ to increase4 ,s 
he pass$ six or sev5 ye>s1 l+]+ & lagg+ 
beh9d o!rs1 & revell+ 9 spiritual &     
intellectual luxury4 ,e s*ool-fell[ _h  
pass$ on1 & 0 h>d at 8 noble "w at home1
 0 ga9+ a cr[n 9 heav5 to :i* _m h      
pass$4 ,our "y /ud5t _h kiss$ ! feet ( !

 dead ,pius ,,vii41 z he lay 9 /ate 9 "o
 ( ! *apels ( ,/4 ,pet]'s2 _h m\rn$ ov] 
! dep>ture ( ! great m9i/] ,consalvi2 _h
 pres5t$ himself to ,leo ,,xii41 & told 
him1 ,i am a =eign] :o came "h at ! call
 ( ,pius ,,vii41 six ye>s ago2 my fir/  
patrons1 ,pius ,,vii41 ,c>d9als ,litta1 
,de ,pietro1 ,fontana1 & n[ ,consalvi1  
are dead4 ,i !re=e recomm5d myself to   
y\r ,hol9ess's protection1 & hope y w be
 a fa!r to me at ?is di/ance f my       
c\ntry4 ,he _h obta9$ ! ,holy ,fa!r's   
promise4 ,already he 0 kn[n = a y\? (   
m>vell\s tal5ts & le>n+4 ,he _h ma9ta9$ 
a public disputation 9 !ology1 & be5    
rew>d$ = 8 success by ! title ( ,d4,d4  
,at la/ came ! jubilee-ye> ( #ahbe4 ,!  
aim ( ye>s1 ! goal ( long prep>ation1 ! 
long$-= cr[n ( unwav]+ desires1 ! only  
prize ?\ght wor?y ( be+ aspir$ to1 0    
atta9$ 9 ! bright jubilee spr+ ( ,rome4 
,x m>ks a bless$ epo* 9 a #abj life to h
 _h ! grace ( ! prie/hood sup]add$ to ! 
exub]ant b5$ictions ( t ye>4  ,=tunately
 = ! ,engli% college1--& =tunately1     

p]haps we %\ld add1 = ,engl&1--he 0 n   
yet to dep>t = ! field ( 8 great labor4 
,to use 8 own mode/ words1 he 0 f\nd to 
be at h& 9 #ahbf1 :5 "s "o 0 want$ = !  
(fice ( vice-rector ( ! ,engli% college1
 & s 0 nam$ to x2 & :51 9 #ahbh1 ! wor?y
 rector1 ,dr4 ,gradwell1 0 appo9t$      
bi%op1 ,dr4 ,wiseman 01 by almo/ natural
 sequ5ce1 nam$ to succe$ him4  ,?us he  
cont9u$ to dr9k 9 ! _s ( ca?olicity1 &  
devotion1 & /ead9ess 9 fai?1 ( :i* ,rome
 is ! f\nta9 on e>?4 ,) rev]5t affection
 he trac$ out ! mem5tos ( primitive     
,*ri/ianity1 ! tombs ( ! m>tyrs & sa9ts1
 ! alt>s & hid+-places & sacr$          
inscriptions ( ! catacombs4 ,^! holy    
retreats _h = him a fasc9ation su* z no 
o!r spot ev5 9 ,rome possess$4 ,aga9 &  
aga9 he recurs to !m 9 8 writ+s1 l+]+   
fondly ar\nd ! hall[$ prec9cts1 &       
inspir+ 8 read]s ) ! love = !m t burn$ s
 ard5tly 9 8 own brea/4 ,"o ( ! la/     
pieces t came f 8 p5 0 ! little /ory ( a
 m>tyr's tomb1 :i* we h plac$ 9 ?is     
numb] ( our magaz9e4  ,o!r /udies 7 n   

neglect$4 ,:ile 8 companions 7 indulg+ 9
 ! mid-day sleep1 :i* almo/ ev]ybody    
takes 9 ,rome1 he 0 at 8 books4 ,(t5 he 
pass$ :ole nights 9 /udy1 or walk+ to & 
fro1 9 m$itation1 ?r\gh ! corridors ( ! 
,engli% college4 ,! seasons ( vacation  
he w\ld (t5 sp5d collat+ anci5t         
manuscripts 9 ! ,vatican libr>y1 & "o ( 
! fruits ( t labor 0 8 ,horae ,syriacae1
 publi%$ :5 he 0 only tw5ty-five ye>s   
old4 ,9 ! same ye> 7#ahbg71 he 0        
appo9t$--?\gh )\t sev]+ 8 connection ) !
 ,engli% college--pr(essor ( ori5tal    
languages 9 ! ,roman univ]sity4 ,x is no
 d\bt to ^! two ev5ts t he alludes 9 !  
foll[+ extract f 8 ,recollections ( ,leo
 ,,xii41 ?\gh he tells ! /ory z if he _h
 be5 only a witness ( ! circum/ances3 ,x
 s happ5$1 he says1 t a p]son connect$ )
 ! ,engli% college 0 an aspirant to a   
*air 9 ! ,roman univ]sity4 ,he _h be5   
enc\rag$ to compete = x1 on its approa*+
 vacancy1 by 8 pr(essors4 ,hav+ no      
claims ( any sort1 by int]e/ or         
connection1 he /ood simply on !         

provision ( ! papal bull1 :i* ?rew op5  
all pr(essor%ips to competition4 ,x 0 b 
a second>y & obscure lecture%ip at be/2 
"o conc]n+ :i*1 x 0 suppos$1 few w\ld   
busy !mselves or come =w>d z c&idates4  
,x 01 !re=e1 ann\nc$ t ?is rule w\ld be 
ov]look$1 & a p]son e way qualifi$1 & ( 
consid]able reputation1 w\ld be nam$4 ,!
 m y\?ful aspirant unhesitat+ly solicit$
 an audi5ce1 at :i* ,i 0 pres5t4 ,he    
told ! ,pope frankly ( 8 int5tions & ( 8
 e>ne/ wi% to h c>ri$ out1 9 8 favor1 ! 
rec5t enactm5ts ( 8 ,hol9ess4 ,no?+ c\ld
 be m affable1 m enc\rag+1 ?an ,leo's   
reply4 ,he express$ 8 delight at see+ t 
8 regulation 0 n a dead lett]1 & t x _h 
animat$ 8 petition] to ex]tion4 ,he     
assur$ him t he %\ld h a fair *ance1 'a 
cle> /age & no favor1' desir+ him to    
leave ! matt] 9 8 h&s4  ,"t wore on2 & z
 ! only alt]native giv5 9 ! bull 0 pro(1
 by publication ( a "w1 ( pr(ici5cy 9 ! 
art or sci5ce t 0 to be taught1 he      
quietly got a volume ?r\gh !            
press--probably v heavy2 b sprightl9ess 

or brilliancy 0 n a condition ( ! bull4 
,:5 a vacancy arriv$1 x 0 made kn[n1    
toge!r ) ! ann\ncem5t t x _h be5 fill$  
up4 ,all seem$ lo/1 except ! honor ( !  
pontiff1 to :i* alone lay any appeal4   
,ano!r audi5ce 0 ask$1 & #aba in/antly  
grant$1 its motive be+1 ( c\rse1 /at$4  
,i 0 aga9 pres5t1 & %all n easily =get  
x4 ,x 0 n necess>y to re-/ate ! case4   
',i rememb] x all1' ! ,pope said mo/    
k9dly2 ',i h be5 surpris$4 ,i h s5t =   
,c----1  ?r\gh :om ?is has be5 done2 ,i 
h ord]$ ! appo9tm5t to be cancell$1 & ,i
 h reprov$ him s %>ply t ,i believe x is
 ! reason :y he is laid up to-day )     
fev]4 ,y h act$ fairly & boldly1 & y    
%all n lose ! fruits ( y\r indu/ry4 ,i w
 keep my ^w ) y & ! provisions ( my     
con/itution4' ,) ! utmo/ graci\sness he 
accept$ ! volume--n[ treasur$ by its    
au?or1 into ^: h&s ! copy has           
return$--ackn[l$g$ ! "r to pref]5ce :i* 
x _h e/abli%$1 & assur$ its au?or ( fair
 play4  ,! ,pope _h1 9 fact1 tak5 up    
e>ne/ly ! cause ( 8 y\?ful appellant2   

in/ead ( annoyance1 he %[$ e>ne/ness &  
k9dness2 & ^? :o _h pass$ ov] 8         
pret5sions ) contempt 7 oblig$ to treat 
) him & compromise ) him on t]ms t      
satisfi$ all 8 desires4 ,ano!r audi5ce =
 ?anksgiv+ 0 k9dly accord$1 & ,i        
witness$ ! same g5tle & fa!rly temp]1   
quietly *e]ful1 & ! same e>ne/ sympa?y )
 ! feel+s ( him ^: cause _h be5 s       
graci\sly c>ri$ ?r\gh4 ,if ?is "y cli5t 
ga9$ no new en]gies1 ga!r$ no /r5g? f   
su* repeat$ pro(s ( int]e/ &            
condesc5sion2 if ^! did n bo? direct &  
impel1 /e] & fill1 ! sails ( 8 little   
b>k ?r\gh _m tr\bl$ wat]s2 nay1 if !y   
did n t+e & savor 8 entire m5tal life1  
we may write t man s\lless & incapable (
 any noble emotions4  ,we mu/ n suppose1
 h[ev]1 t all ?is :ile he 0 s lo/ among 
8 books z to h =gott5 t l& = ^:         
conv]sion he 0 de/9$ to labor ?r\gh !   
be/ "p ( 8 life4 ,he told a de> fri5d   
h[1 hav+ to wait "o day at ! ,sapi5za = 
! ,hebrew lecture1 he w5t into ! ,*ur* (
 ,/4 ,eu/a*io to pray2 & !re1 be=e !    

alt> ( ! ,bless$ ,sacram5t & ! alt> ( ! 
,holy ,virg9 ,"m1 ! ?\ght came into 8   
m9d t1 z 8 native c\ntry1 9 ! oa? :i* %e
 imposes ^u ! *ief p]sonages ( ! /ate1  
solemnly abjures ^! sacr$ my/]ies1 x 0 8
 duty to devote himself to ! def5se &   
honor ( ^? v doctr9es 9 ,engl&4 ,& no "o
 :o has read 8 s]mons & lectures &      
pa/orals c h fail$ to notice ! burn+    
love = ! ,eu*>i/ & ! ,bless$ ,virg9 :i* 
inspir$ him4  ,! "t 0 n yet = 8 mission 
to ,engl&2 & x is s h>d1 :5 ! m9d has   
be5 long runn+ 9 "o groove1 to break out
 ( x & take a totally diff]5t c\rse1 t  
p]haps he might h come 9 "t to look ^u !
 ,roman !ological s*ools z ! ultimate   
sph]e ( usefulness = :i* ,god _h de/9$  
him1 _h he n be5 sudd5ly call$ =? f 8   
/udi\s retirem5t by ! voice ( ! supreme 
pontiff4 ,x 0 9 #ahbg t ,leo ,,xii4     
det]m9$ to in/itute 9 ! *ur* ( ,gesu e  
,m>ia a c\rse ( ,engli% s]mons1 to be   
att5d$ by all colleges & religi\s       
communities t spoke ! language1 & by z  
_m o!r p]sons z *ose to li/54 ,x 0      

int5d$1 ( c\rse1 pr9cipally = ! b5efit (
 /rang]s4 ,8 ,hol9ess appo9t$ ,dr4      
,wiseman prea*]4 ,! burd5 0 laid !re &  
!n1 says ! c>d9al1 describ+ ! audi5ce at
 :i* he receiv$ ?is commission1 )       
p]emptory k9dness1 by an au?ority t     
might n be ga9said4 ,& cru%+ly x press$ 
^u ! %\ld]s4 ,x w\ld be impossible to   
describe ! anxiety1 pa91 & tr\ble :i*   
?is comm& co/ = _m ye>s aft]4 ,nor w\ld 
?is be allud$ to 7 x n to illu/rate :at 
has be5 kept 9 view ?r\gh ?is volume--h[
 ! mo/ insignificant life1 temp]1 & m9d 
may be m\ld$ by ! action ( a #abb great 
& almo/ unconsci\s p[]4 ,leo c\ld n see 
:at has be5 ! influ5ce ( 8 commission1 9
 m]ely dragg+ f ! comm]ce ) ! dead to t 
( ! liv+ "o :o w\ld gladly h conf9$ 8 "t
 to ! =m]1--f books to m51 f read+ to   
speak+4 ,no?+ b ?is w\ld h done x4 ,yet 
suppos+ t ! provid5ce ( "o's life 0 to  
be active1 & 9 contact ) ! _w1 & "o's   
future duties 7 to be 9 a c\ntry & 9    
times :]e ! mo/ ba%ful may be driv5 to  
plead = 8 religion or 8 flock1 surely a 

comm& ov]rid+ all incl9ation & =c+ ! w  
to und]take ! be/ & only prep>ation = ^?
 tasks1 may well be contemplat$ z a     
sacr$ impulse & a timely direction to a 
m9d t want$ bo?4 ,_h x n come !n1 x nev]
 m c\ld h come2 o!r b5ts w\ld h soon    
become /iff5$ & unpliant2 & no second   
opportunity c\ld h be5 op5$ aft] o!rs _h
 satisfi$ ! fir/ dem&4  ,f ?is "t x w\ld
 seem z if ,engl& _h a /rong] hold ^u 8 
he>t ?an ev]4 ,! noble purpose--:i*     
worldly m5 h s9ce laugh$ at z a wild    
dream--( devot+ himself to ! conv]sion (
 ,engl&1 became ! rul+ idea ( 8 life4 ,&
 (t5 alone at night 9 ! college *apel he
 w\ld p\r out 8 he>t 9 pray] & te>s1    
full ( aspirations & ( a firm tru/2 (   
prompt+s to g1 b fe> to outrun ! bidd+ (
 our div9e ,ma/]4 ,he (f]$ himself to ! 
,pope = ?is great "w2 b /ill ! "t 0 n   
come2 & he 0 told to wait4  ,b if he 0 n
 to g yet himself1 he _h 8 "p to p]=m 9 
mak+ o!rs ready4 ,he well knew t to fit 
8 pupils = _! "w1 he mu/ tea* !m some?+ 
beside !ology4 ,engli%m5 7 a sort (     

,brahm9s2 ! mission>y :o w5t among !m   
mu/ g z "o v]s$ 9 all le>n+1 or he w\ld 
n be li/5$ to4 ,he saw h[ ! natural     
sci5ces 7 gr[+ to be ! favorite         
pursuit--we may almo/ say ! hobby--(    
mod]n s*ol>s1 & 9 a preface to a !sis by
 a /ud5t ( ! ,engli% college he insi/$  
on ! necessity ( unit+ g5]al & sci5tific
 k to !ological pursuits4 ,z ano!r      
in/ance ( ! p]sonal influ5ce :i* sev]al 
successive pontiffs ex]cis$ ov] 8       
/udies1 & ! _m k9d m>ks ( int]e/ :i*    
contribut$ to atta* him s /rongly to _! 
p]sons1 we may repeat an anecdote :i* he
 tells 9 ref]5ce to ?is little essay4   
,he w5t to pres5t x to ,pius ,,viii41 b 
! ,holy ,fa!r _h x already be=e him1 &  
said1 ,y h robb$ ,egypt ( its spoil1 &  
%[n t x belongs to ! p ( ,god4 ,! same  
idea :i* he briefly expos$ 9 ?is essay1 
he develop$ m fully & ) great weal? (   
illu/ration 9 a c\rse ( lectures on !   
,connection betwe5 ,sci5ce & ,reveal$   
,religion1 deliv]$ fir/ to 8 pupils &   
aft]w>d to a di/+ui%$ audi5ce at !      

ap>tm5ts ( ,c>d9al ,weld4 ,x 0 p>tly ) a
 view to ! revision & publication ( ^!  
lectures t he visit$ ,engl& 9 #ahce4    
,dur+ 8 /ay 9 ,london1 he prea*$ a s]ies
 ( controv]sial disc\rses 9 ! ,s>d9ian  
*apel dur+ ! ,adv5t ( #ahce1 & ano!r 9  
,/4 ,m>y's1 ,moorfields1 9 ,l5t1 #ahcf4 
,! latt] 7 publi%$ "u ! title (         
,lectures on ! ,pr9cipal ,doctr9es &    
,practices ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,!y      
exhibit 9 a rem>kable degree !          
qualities1 s r>e 9 polemical lit]ature1 
( k9dness1 mod]ation1 & *>ity = all m54 
,! odium !ologicum1 inde$1 has less     
place at ,rome ?an any:]e else 9 !      
,*ri/ian _w4 ,x 0 at ! v c5tre & *ief   
s*ool ( ! sci5ce ( div9ity t he le>n$ to
 fight aga9/ error )\t temp]1 & expose  
falsehood )\t h>d language4 ,i w c]ta9ly
 be> will+ te/imony1 he says1 to !      
abs5ce ( all h>% words & un*>itable     
ins9uations aga9/ o!rs 9 public lectures
 or private tea*+1 or ev5 #abc 9        
conv]sation at ,rome4 ,"o gr[s up !re 9 
a k9d] _s1 & le>ns to speak ( errors 9 a

 g5tl] tone ?an else:]e1 ?\gh 9 ! v     
c5tre ( highe/ or?odox feel+4 ,dr4      
,wiseman w5t back to ! ,engli% college1 
leav+ among 8 c\ntrym5 at home an       
enviable reputation = hone/y1 le>n+1 &  
good s5se4  ,a few ye>s m pass$ 9       
frequ5t contact ) ! ,holy ,fa!r1 & "u ! 
cont9u\s influ5ce ( ! sacr$ associations
 ) :i* eighte5 c5turies h peopl$ !      
,*ri/ian capital1 & ,ni*olas ,wiseman 0 
!n ready to g =? to 8 "w4 ,!            
recollection ( numb]less favors & k9d   
words f ! supreme pontiff w5t ) him1 &  
/r5g!n$ him1 & color$ 8 ?\ghts4 ,he has 
told ( ! cordial & pat]nal treatm5t )   
:i* he 0 honor$ by ,gregory ,,xvi4 9    
p>ticul>4 ,an embrace w\ld supply !     
place ( c]emoni\s =ms on entrance4 ,at  
"o "t a long1 famili> conv]sation1 seat$
 side by side2 at ano!r a visit to !    
p5etralia ( ! pontifical ap>tm5t 7a     
small suite ( entresols1 communicat+ by 
an int]nal /aircase7 occupi$ ! "t4 44444
 ,:at x has be5 my happ9ess to he> f him
 9 su* visits1 x w\ld be betray+ a sacr$

 tru/ to reveal2 b _m & _m words !re    
spok5 rise to ! m9d 9 times ( tr\ble1 l 
/>s1 n only bright 9 !mselves1 b all !  
bright] 9 _! reflection f ! brightness (
 _! mirror4 ,!y h be5 words ( ma/]y &   
spell ov] aft] ev5ts1 promises1 &       
progno/ics :i* h n fail$1 assurances &  
supports t h nev] come to naught4       
,footnote #ci    ,footnote #ci3 ,he     
gives an amus+ acc\nt ( a p]plex+       
situation   f :i* ?is same ,pope once   
unwitt+ly deliv]$ him1 :ile he   0      
engag$ 9 8 c\rse ( lectures on ,sci5ce &
 ,reveal$   ,religion at ! ap>tm5ts (   
,c>d9al ,weld4 ,on "o ( ! days (        
deliv]y1 says he1 ,i _h be5 prev5t$ f   
writ+ ! lecture   9 "t1 & 0 labor+ to   
make up = my delay1 b 9 va94   ,qu>t]   
aft] qu>t] ( ea* h\r flew rapidly on1 & 
my advance   bore no proportion to !    
matt] be=e me4 ,! fatal h\r ( twelve   0
 fa/ approa*+1 & ,i knew n :at excuse ,i
 c\ld make1 nor   h[ to supply1 except  
by a lame recital1 ! important portion  
yet   unwritt5 ( my task--= an index to 

! lectures _h be5 pr9t$   & circulat$4  
,j z ! la/ mom5t arriv$1 a c>riage f !  
palace drove to ! door1 ) a message t ,i
 w\ld /ep into x   at once1 z ,8        
,hol9ess wi%$ to speak to me4 ,?is 01   
inde$1 a   deus ex ma*9a--! only & lea/ 
?\ght ( exp$i5t t   c\ld h sav$ me f my 
emb>rassm5t4 ,a mess5g] 0   despat*$ to 
in=m ! ga!r+ audi5ce ( ! unexpect$ cause
   ( necess>y adj\rnm5t ( our sitt+ till
 ! next day4 ,!   object ( my summons 0 
"o ( v trifl+ importance1 &   ,gregory  
little knew :at a s]vice he _h          
un9t5tionally r5d]$   me4   ,9 #ahdj x 0
 det]m9$ to increase ! numb] ( vic>s    
apo/olic 9 ,engl& f f\r to eight1 & ,dr4
 ,wiseman1 at ! same "t1 0 appo9t$      
coadjutor to ,bi%op ,wal% at            
,wolv]hampton4 ,x 0 a sorr[ful ev5+1 he 
says1 at ! beg9n+ ( autumn1 :51 aft] a  
resid5ce 9 ,rome prolong$ ?r\gh         
tw5ty-two ye>s1 till affection clung to 
e old /one !re1 l ! moss t grew into x1 
?is /rong b t5d] tie 0 cut1 & mu* (     
future happ9ess _h to be inve/$ 9 !     

m\rnful recollections ( ! pa/4  ,"h we  
leave him4 ,x 0 n until t5 ye>s lat] t  
he became c>d9al1 b ?\gh f #ahdj to     
#ahej he fill$ only a subord9ate        
position1 he 0 work+ h>d & well dur+ ?is
 p]iod1 & fa/ ris+ to be ! =emo/ man (  
all ! ,ca?olics ( ,engl&4 ,& 8 "w nev]  
ceas$4 ,he liv$ to see ! hi]>*y         
e/abli%$1 & ! conv]sion ( 8 c\ntrym5    
mak+ /eady if n rapid progress2 b 8     
en]gy nev] flagg$ :5 a "p ( 8 task 0    
done2 he pass$ on f "o labor to ano!r1  
until t la/ day1 :5 he ent]$ into !     
sanctu>y ( ,god's pres5ce1 f :i* he nev]
 aga9 came =?4  ------  #abd  ,f ,all ,!
 ,ye> ,b\nd4   ,,! ,,nick ,,( ,,"t4     
,let u suppose a case t might occur if x
 has n occurr$4  ,john ,mullet1 imm]s$  
7say7 9 ! button trade at ,birm+ham1 has
 made money 9 bus9ess4 ,he bequea?s 8   
prop]ty by w1 & is 9 due "t ga!r$ to 8  
fa!rs4 ,8 two sons1 ,jasp] & ,josiah1   
take c]ta9 portions2 & o!r portions are 
to g ei!r to ! family ( ,jasp] or to t (
 ,josiah1 accord+ z ei!r "o ( ^? bro!rs 

survives ! o!r4 ,jasp] rema9s 9 ,engl&2 
b ,josiah goes out to ,au/ralia1 to     
e/abli% some?+ t may make 8 *ildr5 great
 p ov] !re4 ,bo? bro!rs1 twelve ?\s&    
miles ap>t1 die on ! same day1 ,may #a/1
 "o at noon 7,gre5wi* "t71 ! o!r at noon
 7,sydney "t74 ,jasp]'s *ildr5 h be5 on 
pleasant c\s9ly t]ms ) ,josiah's2 b !y  
are aw>e ( ! fact t x w\ld be bett] = !m
 t ,josiah %\ld die be=e _! own fa!r1   
,jasp]4 ,josiah's *ildr51 on ! o!r h&1  
be !y few or _m1 al?\gh !y always lik$  
uncle ,jasp]1 _c & d n ignore ! fact t  
_! int]e/s w\ld be bett] s]v$ by !      
survivor%ip ( ,josiah ?an t ( ,jasp]4 ,!
 two sets ( c\s9s1 !re=e1 plunge into a 
conte/1 to decide ! "q ( survivor%ip    
betwe5 ! two sons ( old ,john ,mullet4  
,?is is "o v>iety ( a problem :i* !     
c\rts ( law & equity are (t5 call$ ^u to
 settle4 ,occasionally ! "q ref]s to two
 p]sons :o die at ! same "t1 & 9 ea*    
o!r's company4 ,= in/ance3 ,t[>d ! close
 ( ! la/ c5tury1 ,george ,ne!rwood1 8   
*ildr5 by 8 fir/ wife1 8 second wife1 & 

h] son1 7 all wreck$ dur+ a voyage f    
,jamaica to ,engl&4 ,eight ?\s& p\nds 7 
left by w1 9 su* a way t ! relations ( !
 two wives 7 greatly int]e/$ 9 kn[+ :e!r
 ! second ,mrs4 ,ne!rwood did or did n  
survive h] husb&1 ev5 by "o s+le        
m9ute--a matt] :i*1 ( c\rse1 c\ld n be  
absolutely prov$4 ,aga91 9 #ahjf1 ,mr4  
,mason & "o son 7 dr[n$ at sea2 8 rema9+
 eight *ildr5 w5t to law1 "s ( !m aga9/ 
! o!rs2 because1 if ! fa!r di$ be=e !   
son1 ,l#e1jjj w\ld be divid$ equally    
among ! o!r eight *ildr52 :]eas1 if !   
son di$ be=e ! fa!r1 ! bro!rs only w\ld 
get x1 ! si/]s be+ %ut out4 ,a few ye>s 
aft]w>d ,job ,taylor & 8 wife 7 lo/ 9 a 
%ip wreck$ at sea2 !y _h n mu* to leave 
beh9d !m2 b :at little !re 0 0 made less
 by ! /ruggles ( two sets ( relatives1  
ea* /riv+ to %[ t "o or o!r ( ! two     
hapless p]sons might possibly h surviv$ 
! o!r by a few m9utes4 ,9 #ahai ,major  
,colcl\gh1 8 wife1 & f\r *ildr51 7 dr[n$
 dur+ a voyage f ,bri/ol to ,cork2 !    
husb& & wife _h bo? made wills2 & !re   

arose a pretty pick+ = ! lawy]s 9       
relation to survivor%ips & next ( k91 & 
try+ to prove :e!r ! husb& di$ fir/1 !  
wife fir/1 or bo? toge!r4 ,two bro!rs1  
,james & ,*>les ,corbet1 left ,dem]>a on
 a c]ta9 day 9 #ahbh1 9 a vessel ( :i*  
"o 0 ma/] & ! o!r mate2 ! vessel 0 se5  
five days aft]w>d1 b f t "t no news ( h]
 fate 0 ev] receiv$4 ,_! fa!r di$ ab\t a
 mon? aft] ! vessel 0 la/ se54 ,!       
ultimate disposal ( 8 prop]ty dep5d$ v  
mu* on ! "q :e!r he surviv$ 8 two sons  
or !y surviv$ him4 ,_m curi\s argum5ts 7
 us$ 9 c\rt4 ,two or ?ree capta9s /at$ t
 f ,augu/ to ,janu>y are hurricane #abe 
mon?s 9 ! ,we/ ,indian seas1 & t ! %ip 0
 v likely to h be5 wreck$ q e>ly 9 h]   
voyage4 ,!re 71 9 addition1 c]ta9       
relations int]e/$ 9 ,james's dy+ be=e   
,*>les2 & !y urg$ t1 if ! %ip 0 wreck$1 
,*>les 0 likely to h outliv$ by a little
 space 8 bro!r ,james1 because he 0 a   
/rong] & m exp]i5c$ man4 ,alas = !      
glori\s unc]ta9ty6 ,"o big-wig decid$ t 
! sons surviv$ ! fa!r1 & ano!r t ! fa!r 

surviv$ ! sons4 ,ab\t ! beg9n+ ( !      
pres5t reign1 ?ree p]sons1 fa!r1 "m1 &  
*ild1 7 dr[n$ on a voyage f ,dubl9 to   
,quebec2 ! husb& _h made a w1 leav+ all 
8 prop]ty to 8 wife2 h5ce arose a conte/
 betwe5 ! next ( k9 & ! wife's          
relations1 ea* cat*+ at any small fact t
 w\ld 7!oretically7 keep "o poor s\l    
alive a few m9utes long] ?an ! o!r4     
,ab\t t5 ye>s ago1 a g5tleman emb>k$ ) 8
 wife & ?ree *ildr5 = ,au/ralia3 ! %ip 0
 lo/ soon aft] leav+ ,engl&2 ! mate1 !  
only p]son :o 0 sav$ among ! :ole ( !   
crew & pass5g]s1 depos$ t he saw !      
hapless husb& & wife lock$ 9 ea* o!r's  
arms at ! mom5t :5 ! waves clos$ ov] !m4
 ,!re w\ld seem to be no "q (           
survivor%ip "h2 yet a "q really arose2 =
 !re 7 two wills to be prov$1 ! t]ms (  
:i* w\ld r5d] ! relatives mu* int]e/$ 9 
kn[+ :e!r husb& or wife did really      
survive ! o!r by ev] s small a portion (
 "t4  ,^! entangl$ conte/s may re/ 9    
peace1 s f> z ! actual decisions are    
conc]n$4 ,& s may o!rs ( a some:at      

analog\s nature4 ,su*1 = in/ance1 z !   
case ( an old lady & h] h\sekeep] at    
,portsm\?4 ,!y 7 bo? murd]$ "o night4 ,!
 lady _h will$ all h] prop]ty to !      
h\sekeep]1 & !n1 ! lawy]s f\ght ov] ! "q
 z to :i* ( ! wom5 di$ fir/4 ,or1 ! case
 ( a husb& :o promis$1 on 8 m>riage-day1
 to settle ,l#a1bjj on 8 wife 9 ?ree or 
f\r ye>s4 ,!y 7 bo? dr[n$ ab\t ?ree ye>s
 aft] ! m>riage2 & x 0 n until aft] a   
t\gh /ruggle 9 *anc]y t ! husb&'s       
relatives conqu]$ ^? ( ! wife--albeit1 !
 money _h ne>ly vani%$ 9 law exp5ses by 
t "t4 ,or1 ! case ( a man :o gave a p[] 
( attorney to sell "s prop]ty4 ,!       
prop]ty 0 sold on ! #h? ( ,june1 b ! man
 0 nev] se5 aft] ! #h? ( ! prec$+ ,m>*1 
& 0 suppos$ to h be5 wreck$ at sea2 h5ce
 arose a "q :e!r ! man 0 or 0 n dead on 
! day :5 ! prop]ty 0 sold--a "q 9 :i* ! 
buy] 0 directly int]e/$4 ,! decisions 9 
^! p>ticul> cases we pass ov]2 b x is   
curi\s to see h[ ! law sometimes tries  
to guess at ! nick ( "t 9 :i* ei!r "o ( 
two p]sons dies4 ,sometimes ! onus (    

pro( re/s on "o ( ! two sets (          
relations4 ,if !y _c prove a            
survivor%ip1 ! judgm5t is t ! dea?s 7   
simultane\s4 ,sometimes ! law           
philosophizes on vitality & decay4 ,!   
,code ,napoleon lays d[n ! pr9ciple t ( 
two p]sons :o p]i% by ! same calamity1  
if !y 7 bo? *ildr51 ! eld] probably     
surviv$ ! y\ng] by a brief space1 on    
acc\nt ( hav+ sup]ior vital en]gy2      
:]eas1 if !y 7 eld]ly p1 ! y\ng]        
probably surviv$ ! eld]4 ,! code also   
takes anatomy & physiology into acc\nt1 
& disc\rses on ! probability :e!r a man 
w\ld or w\ld n float long] alive ?an a  
woman1 9 ! ev5t ( %ipwreck4 ,! ,engli%  
law is less precise 9 ?is matt]4 ,x is m
 prone to inf] simultane\s dea?1 unless 
pro( ( survivor%ip be actually br\ght   
=w>d4 ,c\nsel1 ( c\rse1 d n fail to make
 ! be/ ( any /raw to cat* at4 ,accord+  
to ! circum/ances ( ! case1 !y argue t a
 man1 be+ usually /rong] ?an a woman1   
probably survives h] a little 9 a case (
 #abf simultane\s dr[n+2 t1 irrespective

 ( comp>ative /r5g?1 h] great] t]ror &  
timidity w\ld incapacitate h] f mak+    
ex]tions :i* w\ld be possible to him2 t 
a seaf>+ man has a *ance ( surviv+ a    
l&sman1 on acc\nt ( 8 exp]i5ce 9        
salt-wat] matt]s2 t :]e !re is no       
evid5ce to ! contr>y1 a *ild may be     
presum$ to h outliv$ 8 fa!r2 t a man 9  
good heal? w\ld survive "o 9 ill heal?2 
& s =?4  ,! nick ( "t is n less an      
important matt] 9 ref]5ce to s+le dea?s1
 "u v>i\s circum/ances4 ,p are (t5 v mu*
 int]e/$ 9 kn[+ :e!r a c]ta9 p]son is   
dead or n4 ,unless "u specifi$          
circum/ances1 ! law refuses to kill a   
man--t is1 a man kn[n to h be5 alive at 
a c]ta9 date is presum$ to cont9ue to   
live1 unless & until pro( to ! contr>y  
is adduc$4 ,b !re are c]ta9 cases 9 :i* 
! application ( ?is rule w\ld involve   
h>d%ip4 ,_m leases are dep5d5t on lives2
 & bo? lessor & lessee are conc]n$ 9    
kn[+ :e!r a p>ticul> life has t]m9at$ or
 n4 ,!re=e1 special /atutes h be5 pass$1
 9 relation to a limit$ numb] (         

circum/ances1 enact+ t if a man 7 se5   
alive m ?an sev5 ye>s ago1 & has n s9ce 
be5 se5 or he>d (1 he may be treat$ z   
dead4  ,! nick ( "t occasionally affects
 ! di/ribution or am\nt ( prop]ty 9     
relation to p>ticul> seasons4 ,"s ye>s  
ago ! newspap]s rem>k$ on ! fact t a "l 
( broad acres1 ^: r5t-roll rea*$ some?+ 
l ,l#dj1jjj a ye>1 di$ ab\t midnight    
betwe5 ! #aj? & #aa? ( ,octob]2 & !     
possible consequ5ces ( ?is 7 ?us set =?3
 ,8 r5ts are payable at 'old "t1' t is1 
old ,lady-day & old ,mi*aelmas-day4 ,old
 ,mi*aelmas-day fell ?is ye> on ,sunday1
 ! #aa? in/ant4 ,! day beg9s at         
midnight4 ,n[1 ! r5t is due ^u ! fir/   
mom5t ( ! day x becomes due2 s t at "o  
second beyond twelve o'clock ( ! #aj?   
in/ant1 r5t payable at old              
,mi*aelmas-day is 9 law due4 ,if ! "l   
di$ be=e twelve1 ! r5ts belong to !     
p>ties tak+ ! e/ates2 b if aft] twelve1 
!n !y belong to & =m "p ( 8 p]sonal     
e/ate4 ,! diff]5ce ( "o m9ute might ?us 
involve a "q on ! title to ab\t         

,l#bj1jjj4 ,we d n "k t a legal         
difficulty did arise2 ! facts only      
indicate ! mode 9 :i* "o might h aris54 
,sometimes t anci5t ,briti% in/itution1 
! h\se clock1 has be5 at w> ) ano!r     
,briti% in/itution1 ! p>i% *ur* clock4  
,a baby 0 born1 or an old p]son di$1 j  
be=e ! h\se clock /ruck twelve on a     
p>ticul> night1 b aft] ! *ur* clock     
/ruck4 ,on :i* day did ! bir? or dea?   
take place--ye/]day or to-day8 ,& h[    
w\ld ?is fact be asc]ta9$1 to settle !  
inh]itance ( an e/ate8 ,we "k an in/ance
 7n involv+1 h[ev]1 ! inh]itance to     
prop]ty7 ( a lady ^: relations nev] h   
def9itely kn[n on :i* day %e 0 born2 !  
pocket wat* ( ! acc\*eur :o att5d$ h] "m
 po9t$ to a little be=e twelve at       
midnight1 :]eas ! *ur* clock _h j /ruck 
twelve4 ,( c\rse a p>ticul> day _h to be
 nam$ 9 ! regi/]2 & z ! doctor ma9ta9$ t
 8 wat* 0 "r1 !re 7 ! mat]ials = a v    
pretty qu>rel if ! p>ties conc]n$ _h be5
 s dispos$4 ,x might be t ! nick ( "t 0 
midnight exactly1 z measur$ by sol> or  

sun-dial "t3 t is1 ! sun may h be5      
precisely 9 ! nadir at t mom5t2 b ?is   
difficulty w\ld n arise 9 practice1 z ! 
law kn[s only mean "t1 n sun-dial "t4   
,if ,gre5wi* "t 7 made legal ev]y:]e1 & 
if electric clocks ev]y:]e e/abli%$     
communication ) ! ma/] clock at !       
obs]vatory1 !re might be ano!r te/      
suppli$2 b "u ! conditions /at$1 x w\ld 
be a nice matt] ( ,twe$l$um & ,twe$l$ee 
#abg to det]m9e :e!r ! h\se clock1 !    
*ur* clock1 or a pocket wat*1 %\ld be   
reli$ ^u4 ,all ! pocket wat*es 9 ! t[n  
might be br\ght into ! witness-box1 b   
)\t avail2 = if "s accord$ ) ! h\se     
clock1 o!rs w\ld surely be f\nd to agree
 bett] ) ! *ur* clock4  ,?is "q (       
clocks1 z comp>$ ) "t measur$ by ! sun1 
pres5ts "s v curi\s aspects 9 relation  
to longitude4 ,:at's o'clock 9 ,london w
 n tell y :at's o'clock 9 ,falm\?1      
unless y "k ! diff]5ce ( longitude      
betwe5 ! two places4 ,! sun takes ab\t  
tw5ty m9utes to g f ! z5i? ( ! "o to !  
z5i? ( ! o!r4 ,local "t1 ! "t at any    

p>ticul> t[n1 is measur$ f ! mom5t (    
noon at t t[n2 & noon itself is :5 ! sun
 comes to ! m]idian ( t place4 ,h5ce    
,falm\? noon is tw5ty m9utes aft]       
,london noon1 ,falm\? midnight tw5ty    
m9utes aft] ,london midnight2 & s on4   
,:5 x is t5 m9utes aft] midnight1 on !  
morn+ ( ,sunday1 ! #a/ ( ,janu>y1 9     
,london1 x is t5 m9utes be=e midnight1  
on ,saturday1 ! #ca/ ( ,decemb]1 at     
,falm\?4 ,x is a ,sabba? at ! "o place1 
a work+-day at ! o!r4 ,t p>ticul> mom5t 
( absolute "t is 9 ! ye> #ahfe at ! "o1 
& #ahfd at ! o!r4 ,!re=e1 we see1 x     
might become a tickli% po9t 9 :at ye> a 
man di$1 solely on acc\nt ( ?is "q (    
longitude1 irrespective ( any wrong-go+ 
or wrong-do+ ( clocks1 or ( any o!r     
d\btful po9ts :atev]4 ,soon] or lat] ?is
 "q w h to be att5d$ to4 ,9 all our *ief
 t[ns1 ne>ly all our t[ns inde$1 !      
railway-/ation clocks m>k ,gre5wi* "t1  
or1 z x is call$1 railway "t2 ! *ur*    
clocks g5]ally m>k local "t2 & "s       
comm]cial clocks1 to s]ve all p>ties1   

m>k bo? k9ds ( "t on ! same dial-face1  
by ! aid ( an additional index h&4      
,railway "t is gradually beat+ local "t2
 & ! law w by-&-by h to settle :i* %all 
be us$ z ! /&>d 9 det]m9+ ! mom5t (     
important ev5ts4 ,"s ( ! /eam]s ply+    
betwe5 ,engl& & ,irel& use ,gre5wi* "t 9
 notify+ ! dep>tures f ! ,engli% port1 &
 ,dubl9 "t 9 notify+ ^? f ! ,iri% port2 
a me?od s+ul>ly emb>rass+ to a travell] 
:o is 9 ! habit ( rely+ on 8 own wat*4  
,does a sailor get m prog1 m grog1 m    
pay1 )9 a giv5 space ( absolute "t :5   
com+ f ,am]ica to ,engl&1 or :5 go+ f   
,engl& to ,am]ica8 ,! diff]5ce is f> too
 slight to attract ei!r 8 att5tion or t 
( 8 employ]s2 yet x really is ! case t  
he obta9s m good ?+s 9 ! =m] ( ^! cases 
?an 9 ! latt]4 ,8 days are %ort] on !   
homew>d ?an on ! outw>d voyage2 & if he 
receive s mu* provisions & pay p] day1  
he int]prets day z x is to him on       
%ipbo>d4 ,:5 9 h>bor1 say at ,liv]pool1 
a day is1 to him z to e "o else :o is   
/ation>y l himself1 a p]iod ( def9ite   

l5g?2 b :5 he travels ,ea/w>d or        
,we/w>d1 8 days are v>iable 9 l5g?4 ,:5 
he travels ,we/1 he & ! sun run a race2 
! sun ( c\rse beats2 b ! sailor         
accompli%es a little1 & ! sun has to    
fet* up t little be=e he c complete :at 
foot-rac]s call a lap4 ,9 o!r words1 !re
 is a long] absolute "t betwe5 noon &   
noon to ! sailor go+ ,we/1 ?an to !     
sailor a%ore4 ,:5 he travels ,ea/1 on ! 
contr>y1 he & ! sun run t[>d ea* o!r2   
insomu* t !re is less absolute "t 9 !   
p]iod betwe5 8 ,monday's noon &         
,tuesday's noon ?an :5 he 0 a%ore4 ,!   
%ip's noon is usually d9n]-"t = !       
sailors2 & ! int]val betwe5 t & ! next  
noon 7measur$ by ! sun1 n by !          
*ronomet]7 v>ies 9 l5g? ?r\gh ! causes j
 notic$4 ,once n[ & !n !re are facts    
record$ 9 ! newspap]s :i* br+ ?is #abh  
tru? into prom95ce--a tru? demon/rable  
en\gh 9 sci5ce1 b n v famili> to ! g5]al
 public4 ,:5 ! ,great ,ea/]n made h]    
fir/ v]itable voyage across ! ,atlantic 
9 ,june1 #ahfj1 %e left ,s\?ampton on ! 

#ag?1 & rea*$ ,new ,york on ! #bh?4 ,z !
 %ip 0 go+ ,we/1 m or less1 all ! :ile1 
%e 0 go+ ) or r aft] ! sun2 ! int]val 0 
great] betwe5 noon & noon ?an :5 ! %ip 0
 an*or$ (f ,s\?ampton2 & ! s-call$ elev5
 days ( ! voyage 7 elev5 long days4 ,z x
 0 important1 9 ref]5ce to a problem 9  
/eam navigation1 to "k h[ _m revolutions
 ! paddles made 9 a giv5 "t1 to te/ !   
p[] ( ! mighty %ip1 x 0 necess>y to be> 
9 m9d t ! %ip's day 0 long] ?an a %ore  
day2 & x 0 f\nd t1 tak+ latitude &      
longitude into acc\nt1 ! day on :i* !   
greate/ run 0 made 0 ne>ly tw5ty-f\r & a
 half h\rs long2 ! %ip's day 0 equal to 
half an h\r m ?an a l&sman's day4 ,! o!r
 days v>i$ f tw5ty-f\r to tw5ty-f\r & a 
half4 ,on ! return voyage all ?is 0     
rev]s$2 ! %ip met ! sun1 ! days 7 less  
?an tw5ty-f\r ord9>y h\rs long1 & !     
calculations _h to be modifi$ 9         
consequ5ce4 ,! sailors1 too1 got m food 
9 a homew>d week ?an an outw>d week1 ow+
 to ! int]vals betwe5 ! meals be+ %ort] 
albeit1 _! appetites may n h be5        

cognizant ( ! diff]5ce4  ,& ?is br+s u  
back to our hypo!tical ,mullets4 ,josiah
 di$ at noon 7,sydney "t71 & ,jasp] di$ 
on ! same day at noon 7,gre5wi* "t74    
,:i* di$ fir/8 ,sydney1 al?\gh n q at ! 
o!r side ( ! _w1 is ne>ly s2 x is t5    
h\rs ( longitude ,ea/w>d ( ,gre5wi*2 !  
sun rises !re t5 h\rs e>li] ?an ) u4 ,x 
is ne>ly b$-"t ) ,sydney folks :5 our   
artisans /rike "w = d9n]4 ,!re w\ld1    
!re=e1 be a reasonable gr\nd = say+ t   
,josiah di$ fir/4 ,b _h x be5 ,new      
,zeal&1 a curi\s "q might arise4 ,otago1
 & "s o!r ( ! settlem5ts 9 ^? isl&s1 are
 s ne> ! antipodes ( ,gre5wi*1 t !y may 
ei!r be call$ elev5 & ?ree-qu>t] h\rs   
,ea/1 or twelve & a qu>t] h\rs ,we/1 (  
,gre5wi*1 accord+ z we suppose !        
navigator to g r\nd ! ,cape ( ,good     
,hope or r\nd ,cape ,horn4 ,at six 9 !  
morn+ 9 ,london1 x is ab\t six 9 ! ev5+ 
at ,new ,zeal&4 ,b ( :i* day8 ,:5 x is  
,monday morn+ 9 ,london1 is x ,sunday   
ev5+ or ,monday ev5+ 9 ,new ,zeal&8 ,?is
 "q is n s easy to solve z might be     

suppos$4 ,:5 a %ip call$ at ,pitcairn   
,isl& sev]al ye>s ago1 to visit ! s+ul> 
little community t _h desc5d$ f !       
mut9e]s ( ! ,b\nty1 ! capta9 0 surpris$ 
to f9d exactly "o day diff]5ce betwe5 8 
%ip's reckon+ & t ( ! isl&]s2 :at 0     
,monday1 ! #bf?1 to ! "o1 0 ,tuesday1 ! 
#bg?1 to ! o!r4 ,a voyage ,ea/ _h be5 ! 
orig9 ( "o reckon+1 a voyage ,we/ t ( ! 
o!r4 ,n unlikely we %\ld h to g back to 
! voyage ( ! ,b\nty itself1 sev5ty-sev5 
ye>s ago1 to get to ! real orig9 ( !    
,pitcairn]s' reckon+4 ,h[ x may be ) !  
,engli% settl]s 9 ,new ,zeal&1 we feel  
by no means c]ta94 ,if ! pres5t reckon+ 
began ) "s voyage made r\nd ,cape ,horn1
 !n our ,monday morn+ is ,new ,zeal&    
,sunday ev5+2 b if ) "s voyage made r\nd
 ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope1 !n our ,monday  
morn+ is ,new ,zeal& ,monday ev5+4      
,probabilities are p]haps 9 favor ( !   
latt] supposition4 ,we ne$ n ask1 ,:at's
 o'clock at ,new ,zeal&8 = t c be       
asc]ta9$ to a m9ute by c\nt+ ! diff]5ce 
( longitude2 b to ask1 ,:at day ( ! week

 & ( ! mon? is x at ,new ,zeal&8 is a "q
 t might1 = aught we c see1 involve v   
important legal consequ5ces4  ------    
#abi  ,f ! ,dubl9 ,review4  ,,rec5t     
,,discov]ies ,,9 ,,! ,,catacombs4   ,!  
*romo-li?ographic press1 e/abli%$ at    
,rome by ! munific5ce ( ,pius ,,ix41 has
 issu$ its fir/ publication1 f\r %eets 9
 l>ge folio1 ,imag9es ,selectae ,deip>ae
 ,virg9is 9 ,caemet]iis ,suburbanis ,udo
 depictae1 ) ab\t tw5ty pages ( text f !
 p5 ( ! ,cavali]e ,g4 ,b4 de ,rossi4 ,! 
subject & ! au?or are amply suffici5t to
 recomm5d !m to ! ,*ri/ian ar*aeologi/1 
& ! "w ( ! arti/s employ$ is 9 e way    
wor?y ( bo?4 ,x is by no means an       
uncommon idea1 ev5 among ,ca?olics :o h 
visit$ ,rome & done ! catacombs1 t our  
,bless$ ,lady does n hold any prom95t   
place 9 ! decorations ( ^? subt]ranean  
cemet]ies4 ,prote/ant t\ri/s (t5 boldly 
publi% t %e is n[h]e to be f\nd !re4 ,! 
pres5t publication w suffice to %[1 ev5 
to ^? :o nev] leave _! own homes1 !     
falsehood ( ?is /atem5t & impression4   

,de ,rossi has "h set be=e u a selection
 ( f\r diff]5t repres5tations ( ,holy   
,m>y1 z %e appe>s 9 t e>lie/ monum5t ( !
 ,*ri/ian ,*ur*2 &1 9 illu/rat+ ^!1 he  
has tak5 occasion to m5tion a score or  
two ( o!rs4 ,moreov]1 he has v9dicat$ = 
!m an antiquity & an importance f>      
beyond :at we 7 prep>$ to expect2 & ^?  
:o h ev] ei!r made p]sonal acqua9tance )
 him1 or h /udi$ 8 =m] writ+s1 well "k  
h[ f> remov$ he is f any?+ l uncritical 
& en?usia/ic exagg]ations4 ,ev5 su*     
writ]s z ,mr4 ,burgon 7,lett]s f ,rome7 
_c refra9 f be>+ te/imony to 8 le>n+1   
mod]ation1 & c&or2 !y praise him1 (t5 by
 way ( contra/ ) "s ,jesuit or o!r      
cl]ical expon5t ( ! my/]ies ( !         
catacombs1 = all ^? qualities :i* are   
calculat$ to inspire u ) confid5ce 9 8  
int]pretations ( any nice po9ts (       
,*ri/ian ar*aeology4 ,b we fe> 8        
,prote/ant admir]s w be l$ to l[] _!    
tone ( admiration = him1 & h5ce=w>d to  
discov] "s flaw 9 8 p[]s ( criticism1 :5
 !y f9d him1 z 9 ^! pages1 gravely      

ma9ta9+1 conc]n+ a p>ticul>             
repres5tation ( ! ,madonna 9 !          
catacombs1 t x is ( ,apo/olic1 or       
quasi-,apo/olic antiquity4 ,x is a pa9t+
 on ! vault$ ro( ( an arcosolium 9 !    
cemet]y ( ,/4 ,priscilla1 & x is        
reproduc$ 9 ! "w be=e u 9 its orig9al   
size4 ,! ,bless$ ,virg9 sits1 h] head   
p>tially cov]$ by a %ort slight veil1   
hold+ ! ,div9e ,infant 9 h] arms2       
opposite to h] /&s a man1 hold+ 9 "o h& 
a volume1 & ) ! o!r po9t+ to a /> :i*   
appe>s betwe5 ! two figures4 ,?is />    
almo/ always accompanies our ,bless$    
,lady 9 anci5t pa9t+s or sculptures1    
:]ev] %e is repres5t$ ei!r ) ! ,magi    
(f]+ _! gifts1 or by ! mang]'s side ) ! 
ox & ! ass2 b ) a s+le figure1 z 9 !    
pres5t in/ance1 x is unusual4           
,ar*aeologi/s w probably diff] 9 _!     
int]pretation ( ?is figure2 ! mo/ obvi\s
 conjecture w\ld1 ( c\rse1 fix on ,/4   
,joseph2 !re seem to be solid reasons1  
h[ev]1 = pref]r+ 7) ,de ,rossi7 !       
prophet ,isaias1 ^: pr$ictions conc]n+ !

 ,messias ab\nd ) imag]y borr[$ f light1
 & :o may be id5tifi$ on an old ,*ri/ian
 glass by ! sup]scription ( 8 "n4 ,b ?is
 "q1 int]e/+ z x is1 is n s important z 
! probable date ( ! pa9t+ itself2 & "h  
no abridgm5t or analysis (' ,de ,rossi's
 argum5ts c d ju/ice to ! mod]ation1 yet
 irresi/ible =ce1 ) :i* he accumulates  
pro(s ( #acj ! conclusion we h already  
/at$1 viz41 t ! pa9t+ 0 execut$1 if n 9 
,apo/olic times & z x 7 "u ! v eyes ( ! 
,apo/les !mselves1 yet c]ta9ly )9 ! fir/
 #aej ye>s ( ! ,*ri/ian era4 ,he fir/   
bids u c>efully to /udy ! art display$ 9
 ! design & execution ( ! pa9t+2 he     
comp>es x ) ! decorations ( ! fam\s     
,pagan tombs discov]$ on ! ,via ,lat9a 9
 #aheh1 & :i* are ref]r$ to ! times ( ! 
,anton9uses2 ) ! pa9t+s 9 ! pontifical  
cubiculum 9 ! cemet]y ( ,/4 ,callixtus1 
& ) o!rs m rec5tly discov]$ 9 ! cemet]y 
( ,pretextatus1 to bo? ( :i* a v high   
antiquity is conc$$ by all compet5t     
judges2 & he ju/ly argues t ! m         
classical /yle ( ! pa9t+ n[ "u          

exam9ation obliges u to assign to x a   
/ill e>li] date4 ,next1 he %[s t !      
catacomb 9 :i* x appe>s 0 "o ( !        
olde/1--,/4 ,priscilla1 f :om x receives
 its "n1 hav+ be5 ! "m ( ,pud5s & a     
contempor>y ( ! ,apo/les 7! impress ( a 
seal1 ) ! "n ,pud5s ,felix1 is repeat$  
sev]al times on ! mort> r\nd ! edge ( a 
grave 9 ?is cemet]y72 nay1 fur!r /ill1 x
 c be %[n t ! tombs ( ,/s4 ,pud5tiana & 
,prax$es1 & !re=e1 probably1 ( _! fa!r  
,/4 ,pud5s himself1 7 9 ! imm$iate      
neighborhood ( ! v *apel 9 :i* ?is      
,madonna is to be se52 moreov]1 !       
inscriptions :i* are f\nd !re be>       
manife/ tok5s ( a high] antiquity ?an c 
be claim$ by any o!rs f ! catacombs3 !re
 is ! complete triple nom5clature (     
pagan times1 e4g41 ,titus ,flavius      
,felicissimus2 ! epitaphs are n ev5 9 ! 
usual =m1 9 pace1 b simply ! ,apo/olic  
salutation1 ,pax tecum1 ,pax tibi2 &    
f9ally1 ! great] numb] ( !m are n cut on
 /one or m>ble slabs1 b writt5 ) r$ pa9t
 on ! tiles :i* close ! graves--a mode (

 inscription ( :i* n a s+le example1 we 
believe1 has hi!rto be5 f\nd 9 any o!r  
"p ! catacombs4 ,?is is a m]e outl9e ( !
 argum5ts by :i* ,de ,rossi e/abli%es 8 
conclusion respect+ ! age ( ?is pa9t+1 &
 !y are n ev5 exhibit$ 9 _! full =ce 9 !
 pres5t publication at all4 ,= a m      
copi\s induction ( facts1 & a m complete
 elucidation bo? ( ! hi/ory & topography
 ( ! catacombs1 we mu/ be cont5t to wait
 till ! au?or's l>g] "w on ,roma        
,sott]ranea %all appe>4  ,! mo/ rec5t   
pa9t+ ( ! ,madonna :i* ,de ,rossi has "h
 publi%$ is t ) :i* our read]s w be !   
mo/ famili>4 ,x is ! "o to :i* ! late   
,fa!r ,m>*i1 ,s4,j41 nev] fail$ to      
introduce e visitor to ! catacomb ( ,/4 
,agnes1 & has be5 reproduc$ 9 v>i\s     
works2 ! ,holy ,"m ) h] h&s out/ret*$ 9 
pray]1 ! ,div9e ,infant on h] bosom1 & !
 ,*ri/ian monogram on ei!r side ( h] &  
turn$ t[>d h]4 ,?is la/ p>ticul>        
naturally directs our ?\ghts to ! f\r?  
c5tury z ! date ( ?is "w2 & ! abs5ce ( !
 nimbus & "s o!r indications lead our   

au?or to fix ! e>li] half ( ! c5tury 9  
pref]5ce to ! lat]4 ,betwe5 ^! two      
limits1 !n1 ( ! fir/ or second1 & ! f\r?
 c5tury1 he w\ld place ! two o!rs :i*   
are n[ publi%$2 he di/+ui%es !m m       
d\btfully1 z belong+ respectively to !  
fir/ & second half ( ! ?ird c5tury4 ,9  
"o1 f ! cemet]y ( ,domitilla1 ! ,bless$ 
,virg9 sits hold+ ! ,holy ,*ild on h]   
lap1 :il/ f\r ,magi (f] _! gifts2 ! o!r1
 f ! catacomb ( ,/s4 ,pet] & ,m>cell9us1
 repres5ts ! same sc5e1 b ) two ,magi   
only4 ,9 bo? !re is ! same dep>ture f ! 
anci5t tradition ( ! numb] ( ! wise m51 
& f ! same cause1 viz41 ! desire to give
 a prop] balance & proportion to ! two  
sides ( ! picture1 ! ,virg9 occupy+ !   
middle place4 ,inde$1 9 "o ( !m1 x is   
/ill possible to trace #aca ! orig9al   
sket* ( ! arti/1 design+ ano!r          
arrangem5t ) ! ?ree figures only2 b !   
result did n promise to be satisfactory1
 & he did :at ?\s&s ( 8 craft h cont9u$ 
to d ev] s9ce1 sacrific$ hi/oric tru? to
 ! exig5cies ( 8 art4  ,we tru/ our     

read]s w be induc$ to get ?is valuable  
"w & to /udy x = !mselves2 ! text may be
 procur$ ei!r 9 ,fr5* or 9 ,italian1 s t
 x is readily accessible to all4 ,at !  
same "t we w\ld take ! opportunity (    
introduc+ to !m ano!r "w by ! same      
indefatigable au?or1 :i* is also publi%$
 bo? 9 ,fr5* & 9 ,italian4 ,at lea/1 su*
 is ! ann\ncem5t ( a prospectus n[ ly+  
be=e u1 :i* /ates t ! ,fr5* translation 
is publi%$ by ,vives1 9 ,p>is4 ,we h    
ourselves only se5 ! orig9al ,italian4  
,x is a %ort mon?ly p]iodical1          
illu/rations1 ,bollett9o di ,ar*eologia 
,cri/iana1 & is address$ n m]ely to     
savans1 ,fell[s ( ,royal ,societies1 & !
 l1 b r to all educat$ m5 :o c>e = !    
hi/ory ( _! religion & are capable (    
appreciat+ its evid5ces4 ,de ,rossi     
claims = ! rec5t discov]ies 9 ! ,roman  
catacombs ! v highe/ place among !      
sci5tific ev5ts ( ! day :i* h an        
important religi\s be>+1 & we ?9k t !   
ju/ice ( 8 plea mu/ be admitt$4         
,un=tunately1 h[ev]1 ! va/ness ( !      

subject1 ! multipli$ engagem5ts ( !     
au?or1 & 7n lea/7 ! political           
vicissitudes ( ! times1 h hi!rto prev5t$
 ! publication ( ^! discov]ies 9 a      
complete & ext5d$ =m4 ,we are happy to  
"k t ! "w is satisfactorily progress+2 b
 mean:ile he has be5 p]suad$ by !       
sugge/ions ( _m fri5ds1 & by ! conv5i5ce
 ( ! ?+ itself1 to publi% ?is mon?ly    
p]iodical1 :i* w keep u au c\rant ) !   
mo/ important additions t are be+ made f
 "t to "t to our k ( ^? preci\s         
memorials ( primitive ,*ri/ianity1 &    
also supply mu* int]e/+ in=mation on o!r
 ar*aeological matt]s4 ,9 ^! pages !    
read] is all[$ to accompany1 z x 71 !   
au?or himself 9 8 subt]ranean rese>*es1 
to assi/ at 8 discov]ies1 to trace !    
happy b d\btful conjecture ( a mom5t    
?r\gh all its gradual /ages1 until x    
rea*es ! moral c]ta9ty ( a conclusion   
:i* c no long] be call$ 9 "q2 e4g41 !   
au?or gives u a portion ( a lecture :i* 
he deliv]$ on ,july #c1 #aheb1 to !     
,roman ,pontifical ,academy (           

,ar*aeology4 ,9 ?is lecture he ma9ta9$1 
9 opposition to ! usual nom5clature ( ! 
catacombs1 & entirely on ! /r5g? ( c]ta9
 topographical obs]vations1 t a p>ticul>
 cemet]y1 into :i* a v p>tial op5+ _h   
be5 made 9 #ahdh1 0 t anci5tly call$ by 
! "n ( ,pretextatus1 & 9 :i* 7 buri$ ,/4
 ,janu>ius1 ! elde/ ( ! sev5 sons ( ,/4 
,felicitas1 ,felicissimus & ,agapitus1  
deacons ( ,/4 ,sixtus1 ,pope ,urban1    
,quir9us1 & o!r fam\s m>tyrs4 ,five ye>s
 pass$ away1 & ?is op9ion _h be5 nei!r  
confirm$ nor refut$2 b 9 #aheg1         
excavations und]tak5 = ano!r purpose    
introduc$ our au?or into a crypt ( ?is  
cemet]y1 ( unusual size & ri*ness (     
ornam5t1 :]e "o ( ! loculi bore an      
inscription on ! mort> :i* _h secur$ !  
grave-/one1 invok+ ! assi/ance (        
,janu>ius1 ,agatopus 7= ,agapitus71 &   
,felicissimus1 m>tyrs6 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 0 
a /rong confirmation ( ! conjecture :i* 
_h be5 publi%$ s long be=e2 b ?is 0 all 
:i* he c\ld produce 9 ! fir/ numb] ( 8  
,bollett9o 9 ,janu>y1 #ahfc4 ,9 ! second

 numb] he c\ld add t1 z he 0 go+ to     
press 7,febru>y #ba71 small fragm5ts (  
an inscription on m>ble _h be5 dis9t]r$ 
f ! same place1 ( :i* only s+le lett]s  
_h yet be5 f\nd1 b :i*1 he did n        
hesitate to say1 _h be5 writt5 by ,pope 
,damasus & conta9$ 8 "n1 z well z ! "n (
 #acb ,/4 ,janu>ius4 ,9 ,m>* he publi%$ 
! twelve or f\rte5 lett]s :i* _h be5    
discov]$1 arrang+ !m 9 ! place he       
suppos$ !m to h occupi$ 9 ! inscription1
 :i* he conjecturally re/or$1 & :i*     
consi/$ altoge!r ( m ?an =ty lett]s4 ,9 
,april he 0 able /ill fur!r to add1 t !y
 _h n[ recov]$ o!r portions2 among/ !   
re/1 a :ole ^w1 or r ! contraction ( a  
^w 7episcop4 = episcopus71 exactly 9    
accordance ) 8 conjecture1 ?\gh1 at ! "t
 he made ! conjecture1 only half ( "o ( 
! lett]s _h yet come to light4  ,we ne$ 
n pursue ! subject fur!r4 ,en\gh has be5
 said to satisfy ^? ( our read]s :o h   
any acqua9tance ) ! catacombs1 bo? z to 
! k9d & ! degree ( int]e/ & importance  
:i* belong to ?is publication4 ,its     

intellig5ce1 h[ev]1 is by no means      
conf9$ to ! catacombs4 ,! basilica (    
,san ,clem5te2 ! rec5t excavations at   
,san ,lor5zo1 fuori le mura2 ! po/script
 ( ,/4 ,pamphilus ! ,m>tyr at ! end ( "o
 ( 8 manuscript copies ( ! ,bible1      
reproduc$ 9 ! ,codex ,s9aiticus lately  
publi%$ by ,tis*5dorf2 ! ar* (          
,con/ant9e2 anci5t scribbl+s on ! wall  
7graffiti7 ( ! palace ( ! ,caes>s on !  
,palat9e1 etc41 etc41 are subjects (    
able & le>n$ articles 9 ! sev]al numb]s 
we h receiv$4 ,) ref]5ce to ! graffiti1 
"o s+ul> circum/ance m5tion$ by ,de     
,rossi is wor? repeat+ "h4 ,mo/ ( our   
read]s are probably acqua9t$ ) !        
graffiti f ?is place1 publi%$ by ,p4    
,g>rucci1 9 :i* "o ,alessam5us is       
ridicul$ = wor%ipp+ z 8 ,god ! figure ( 
a man1 b ) ! head ( an ass1 nail$ to a  
cross4 ,p4 ,g>rucci _h v reasonably     
conjectur$ t ?is 0 int5d$ z a blasphem\s
 c>icature ( ! ,*ri/ian wor%ip2 &       
rec5tly o!r graffiti 9 ! v same place h 
be5 discov]$ ) ! title ,episcopus1      

app>5tly giv5 9 ridicule to "s ,*ri/ian 
y\?2 = t ! room on ^: walls ^! scribbl+s
 appe> 0 us$ = educational purposes is  
abundantly prov$ by ! num]\s            
inscriptions ann\nc+ t su* or su* a "o  
exit de pa$agogio4 ,we seem1 !re=e1 9   
deciph]+ ^! rude scrawls1 to assi/1 z x 
71 at "o ( ! m9or sc5es ( t great       
/ruggle betwe5 paganism & ,*ri/ianity1  
:]e( ! suff]+s ( ! e>ly m>tyrs1 !       
apologies ( ,ju/9 ,m>tyr1 etc41 7 only  
ano!r b m public & hi/orical phase4     
,hi/ory tells u t ,c>acalla1 :5 a boy1  
saw "o ( 8 companions beat5 because he  
pr(ess$ ! ,*ri/ian fai?4 ,^! graffiti   
seem to tea* u t !re 7 _m o!rs ( ! same 
t5d] age1 de domo ,caes>is1 :o suff]$ m 
or less ( p]secution = ! same cause4    
,o!r int]e/+ details ( ! same /ruggle h 
be5 br\ght toge!r by ,de ,rossi1        
c>efully glean$ f ! patrician names :i* 
appe> on "s ( ! anci5t grave-/ones1     
sometimes z belong+ to "y virg9s or     
wid[s :o _h d$icat$ !mselves to ! s]vice
 ( ,*ri/ "u ! discipl9e ( a religi\s    

community4 ,t su* a community 0 to be   
f\nd e>ly 9 ! fif? c5tury1 9 ! imm$iate 
neighborhood ( ,s4 ,lor5zo fuori le     
mura1 or1 at lea/1 t ! memb]s ( su* a   
community 7 always buri$ ab\t t "t 9 t  
cemet]y1 is "o ( ! circum/ances :i* may 
be said to be cle>ly prov$ by ! rec5t   
discov]ies4 ,! pro(s are too num]\s &   
m9ute = abridgm5t1 b ! /ud5t w be       
int]e/$ 9 exam9+ !m z !y appe> 9 !      
,bollett9o4  ,ano!r feature 9 ?is       
ar*aeological publication is its        
conv5i5ce z a supplem5t to ! volume (   
,*ri/ian ,inscriptions publi%$ by ! same
 au?or4 ,t volume1 z our read]s are     
already aw>e1 conta9s only su*          
inscriptions ( ! fir/ six c5turies z be>
 a di/9ct *ronological note by ! names (
 ! *ief magi/rates1 or 9 "s o!r way4    
,additional specim5s ( ^! are n         
unfrequ5tly discov]$ 9 ! excavations    
/ill #acc 9 progress on v>i\s sides ( ! 
city2 & ^! ,de ,rossi is c>eful to      
*ronicle1 & g5]ally also to illu/rate by
 notes1 9 ! pages ( 8 ,bollett9o4 ,!    

*ief value ( ^! additions1 p]haps1 is to
 be f\nd 9 ! corroboration !y uni=mly   
give to ! conclusions :i* ,de ,rossi _h 
already d$uc$1 ! canons ( *ronological  
di/9ction & di/ribution :i* he _h       
e/abli%$1 f ! l>g] collection (         
inscriptions 9 ! "w ref]r$ to--:e!r z to
 ! /yle ( writ+ or ( diction & s5tim5ts1
 etc4--canons1 ! full importance ( :i* w
 only be recogniz$ :5 he %all h publi%$ 
! second volume ( ! collection (        
epitaphs be>+ ^u que/ions ( ,*ri/ian    
doctr9e & practice4  ,9 ! e>li] numb]s (
 ! ,bollett9o = ! pres5t ye> !re is a v 
int]e/+ acc\nt ( ! rec5t discov]ies 9 ! 
,ambrosian basilica ( ,milan1 :]e !re   
seems no room to d\bt b t !y h br\ght to
 light ! v s>cophagus 9 :i* ! relics ( !
 great ,/4 ,ambrose1 z well z ^? ( !    
m>tyrs ,/s4 ,g]vasius & ,protasius1 h   
re/$ = m ?an t5 c5turies4 ,! hi/ory ( ! 
discov]y is too long to be ins]t$ "h1 & 
too int]e/+ to be abridg$4 ,"o          
circum/ance1 h[ev]1 connect$ ) x is too 
important to be omitt$4 ,! s>cophagus   

itself has n yet1 we believe1 be5 op5$2 
b1 f ! two sepul*res bel[ & on ei!r side
 ( x1 :]e ! bi%op & ! m>tyrs 7 orig9ally
 deposit$1 & :]e !y rema9$ until _!     
translation 9 ! n9? c5tury1 _m valuable 
relics h be5 glean$4 ,we w only m5tion  
"o ( !m--viz41 portions ( an ampulla su*
 z are f\nd 9 ! catacombs1 & conc]n+ :i*
 ,dr4 ,biraghi1 ! libr>ian ( !          
,biblio!ca ,ambrosiana 7to ^: zeal we   
are indebt$ = ! :ole discov]y1 & = !    
acc\nt ( x to 8 le>n+71 assures u t x   
has be5 subject$ to a *emical           
exam9ation1 & is %[n to h conta9$ blood4
 ,?is1 z ,de ,rossi truly rem>ks1 is !  
mo/ notable in/ance :i* has yet come    
be=e u ( ?is ampulla hav+ be5 plac$ 9 ! 
sepul*re ( fam\s & hi/orical m>tyrs1 & x
 is ( v special importance z ?r[+ a     
flood ( light on ^? words ( ,/4 ,ambrose
 ab\t ^! relics s (t5 quot$ 9 !         
controv]sy on ?is subject--,sangu9e1    
tumulus madet2 app>5t cruoris           
triumphales notae2 inviolatae reliquiae 
loco suo et ord9e rep]tae4 ,& x is      

c]ta9ly s+ul> t ?is discov]y %\ld h be5 
made at a mom5t :5 ! validity ( ^!      
ampullae1 z sure signs ( m>tyrdom1 has  
be5 s mu* call$ 9 "q4 ,! ,sacr$         
,congregation ( ,rites _h only rec5tly  
reaffirm$ _! =m] s5t5ce on ?is matt]2 & 
?is fact n[ comes mo/ opportunely f     
,milan to add fur!r weight to _!        
decision1 by giv+ a hi/orical basis to  
an op9ion :i* be=e _h be5 ?\ght by "s r 
to re/ ^u !ory & conjecture4 ,x w g f>1 
we %\ld ?9k1 t[>d rehabilitat+ 9 ! m9ds 
( ,*ri/ian ar*aeologi/s ! pi\s belief ( 
=m] ages ^u ?is subject1 :]ev] x may h  
be5 %ak54  ------  #acd  ,,miscellany4  
,,sci5ce4  ,! ,mason-,spid] (           
,corfu4--,a correspond5t ( a ,london    
j\rnal gives an int]e/+ acc\nt ( c]ta9  
habits ( ?is insect1 :i* belongs to !   
mygalidae family4 ,! mygales are *iefly 
f\nd 9 hot climates1 & include ! l>ge/  
specim5s ( spid]s kn[n4 ,!y are call$   
mason-spid]s1 f ! curi\s mann] 9 :i* !y 
build _! h\ses4 ,! mygale ne/1 says !   
correspond5t1 v>ies mu* 9 size1 f "o in*

 9 l5g? to ?ree or f\r1 & ev5 six or    
sev5 in*es4 ,9 ! ,we/ ,indies1 :]e !    
spid]s are crab-l1 ! insects measure six
 in*es ov]4 ,"o ne/1 especially m5tion$ 
& m9utely describ$ by ,mr4 ,oud\91 0    
?ree in*es & a qu>t] long & eight-t5?s (
 an in* wide4 ,! ne/1 ( cyl9drical =m1  
is made by bor+ into ! e>?2 mak+ 8      
excavation1 ! next ?+1 hav+ decid$ ^u ! 
dim5sions ( 8 habitation1 is to furni%  
x1 & mo/ beautiful are 8 pap]-hang+s4 ,!
 :ole ( ! int]ior is l9$ ) ! s(te/      
possible silk1 a tissue :i* ! 'major    
domo' sp9s all ov] ! ap>tm5t until x is 
padd$ to a suffici5t ?ickness & made s(t
 en\gh4 ,silk l9+ l ?is gives ! idea ( !
 mygale hav+ a luxuri\s turn4 ,?is done1
 & ! int]ior f9i%$1 ! mygale %[s 8      
peculi>ity by tak+ /eps to keep out !   
,greek text ( intrud]s by mak+ n only a 
door1 & t self-clos+1 b a door ) sw++   
h+e1 & sometimes "o at ea* end ( 8 ne/1 
:i* %[s t he has a v good op9ion ( 8 own
 "w )91 & kn[s h[ to take c>e ( x4 ,n   
hav+ met ) any case :]e any "o _h se5 ! 

positive op]ation ( mak+ ! door ( ^!    
ne/s1 ,i ?\ght ! details w\ld be        
int]e/+1 ! m s z !y corroborat$         
preconceiv$ ideas ( _! con/ruction1 & 7 
notic$ by a fri5d qu>t]$ at ,corfu1 :o  
br\ght home ! ne/ ) him4 ,! foll[+ is ! 
description he gave me3    ,ly+ out 9 "o
 ( ! s&y plateaux cov]$ ) olive groves  
) :i* ,corfu ab\nds1 enjoy+ 8 cig> &    
l\ng+ ab\t 9   ! s&y soil1 he came to a 
spid]'s ne/4 ,exam9+ x1 he f\nd   ! lid 
or door w\ld n op51 & seem$ held firmly 
)9 by !   proprietor--z if ,jack 7 at   
home--s he appli$ =?) !   lev]age ( a   
knife-blade1 ^u :i* ! inmate retir$ to 8
   inn] *amb]4 ,! aggressor decid$ n to 
di/urb him any m   t day1 b m>k+ !      
place--mo/ necess>y ?+ to d--?\ght   he 
w\ld explore fur!r ! next day1 if f9e4  
,accord+ly1 ! next day my fri5d call$   
e>ly1 int5d+ to take   (f ! door & to   
wat* ! progress ( re/oration1 & h[ x    
w\ld be accompli%$4 ,aft] wait+ a long  
"t1 out came ,monsieur   ,mygale1 &     
look+ c>efully r\nd1 & f9d+ all quiet1  

comm5c$ op]ations by runn+ 8 web backw>d
 & =w>d across   ! orifice ( 8 ne/1 till
 !re 0 a lay] ( silk5 web2 ^u   ?is he  
eject$ a glut51 ov] :i* he scrat*$ ! f9e
 s& 9   ! imm$iate neighborhood ( 8 ne/2
 ?is done1 he aga9 set to   "w--webb+1  
!n glut51 s&2 !n aga9 web1 glut51 s&1   
ab\t   six times2 ?is occupi$ 9 all ab\t
 eight h\rs4 ,b ! puzzl+   "p 0 t ?is "t
 he 0 cem5t+ & build+ himself out   f 8 
own mansion1 :51 to ! a/oni%m5t &       
delight ( 8   anxi\s look]-on1 he began 
! f9i%+ /roke by cutt+ &   =m+ ! door by
 fix+ 8 h9d legs 9 ! c5tre ( ! new      
cov]+1 & f ^! z a c5tre he began cutt+ )
 8 jaws   "r ?r\gh ! door he _h made1   
/rik+ a cle> circle r\nd1   & leav+ ab\t
 "o-eigh? ( ! circumf]5ce z a h+e4 ,?is 
done1 he lift$ ! door up & walk$ 94 ,my 
fri5d !n tri$ to   op5 ! door ) a knife1
 b ! insect pull$ x tight f !   inside4 
,he !re=e dug r\nd him & took him (f    
bodily--mygale   & ne/ complete4 ,! h+e 
is mo/ c>efully & beautifully   =m$2 &  
!re appe>s to be an important object 9  

view :5 !   spid] cov]s ov] ! :ole ( !  
orifice1 = imm$iately !   door is rais$ 
x spr+s back z soon z releas$2 & ?is is 
caus$ by ! ela/icity ( ! web on ! h+e & 
! peculi>   =mation ( ! lid or door1 :i*
 is made ?ick] on ! l[]   side1 s t its 
#ace own weight helps x to be           
self-clos+1 &   ! rabbet+ ( ! door is   
wond]fully surfac$4 ,bolts & ,*ub       
locks ) a lat*-key ! mygale family d n  
possess1 b z a   sub/itute ! l[] "p ( ! 
door has cla:old+ holes1 s t   a bird's 
beak or o!r lev] be+ us$1 ,mons4 ,mygale
 holds on to   ! door by ^!1 & ) 8 legs 
aga9/ ! sides ( 8 h\se1   (f]s imm5se   
resi/ance aga9/ all com]s4   ,in/9ct (  
,insects4--,"o ( ! regul> c\rse ( free  
sci5tific lectures deliv]$ at ! ,p>is   
,sorbonne ?is la/ w9t]1 "u ! auspices ( 
! ,m9i/] ( ,public ,in/ruction1 0 by !  
di/+ui%$ naturali/ ,m4 ,milne-,edw>ds1  
on ! in/9ct & intellig5ce ( animals4    
,tak+ = 8 text ! say+ ( ,l9naeus1       
,natura maxime mir&a 9 m9imis1 he spoke 
pr9cipally ( ! in/9ct ( insects1 &      

especially ( solit>y bees4 ,^!          
hym5opt]a1 9 fact1 af=d "o ( ! mo/ /rik+
 examples kn[n ( t faculty :i* impels an
 animal1 ei!r = its own pres]vation or =
 ! pres]vation & developm5t ( its       
(fspr+1 to p]=m ! mo/ complicat$ &      
intellig5t actions1 readily & skilfully1
 yet )\t hav+ le>n$ h[ to d !m4 ,"o     
species1 ! c>p5t]-bee 7xylocopa71 bores 
9 ! trunks ( trees gall]ies runn+ fir/  
horizontally & !n v]tically to a        
consid]able dep?4 ,%e !n collects a     
quantity ( wax & honey4 ,! honey %e     
kneads into a little ball ( alim5t>y    
matt]1 9 ! mid/ ( :i* %e deposits h]    
fir/ egg4 ,) ! wax %e con/ructs a       
horizontal p>tition1 =m$ ( conc5tric    
annul> lay]s2 ?is encloses ! cell4 ,on  
?is p>tition %e deposits a second egg1  
enclos$ l ! fir/ 9 ! provision de/9$ = !
 support ( ! future l>va2 & ov] x builds
 ano!r p>tition ( wax2 & s on1 to ! top 
( ! v]tical cavity4 ,!n %e dies2 %e nev]
 sees h] (fspr+4 ,! latt]1 s long z !y  
rema9 l>vae1 fe$ ^u ! honey :i* !       

mat]nal =esight provid$ = !m2 & s soon z
 !y h pass$ ?r\gh _! second             
metamorphosis & become w+$ insects1     
issue =? f _! retreat1 to p]=m 9 _! turn
 a simil> labor4  ,ano!r species (      
solit>y bee1 ^: l>va is c>nivor\s1      
resorts to a /ill m wond]ful1 b1 x mu/  
be confess$1 v cruel1 exp$i5t to supply 
! worm-l prog5y ) food4 ,%e con/ructs a 
gall]y or tunnel 9 ! e>?1 & cr[ns x ) a 
*imney curv$ some:at l a crosi]1 s z to 
keep out ! ra94 ,!n %e goes a-hunt+1 &  
br+s back to h] d5 a numb] ( cat]pill>s4
 ,if %e kills !m at once1 !y w spoil    
be=e h] eggs are hat*$2 if %e lets !m   
alone1 !y w run away4 ,:at %all %e d8   
,%e pi]ces ! cat]pill>s ) h] v5om\s     
little d>t1 & injects into !m a drop (  
poison1 :i* ,mr4 ,claude ,b]n>d no d\bt 
w analyze "s day4 ,x does n kill1 x only
 p>alyzes !m2 & !re !y lie1 torpid &    
immovable1 till ! l>vae come into ! _w &
 fea/ (f ! sweet & succul5t fle% at _!  
leisure4  ,ev]ybody is famili> ) !      
habits & wond]ful indu/ry ( hive-bees1  

wasps1 & ants4 ,^! insects seem to be   
gov]n$ by some?+ m ?an bl9d in/9ct3 x is
 h>dly too mu* to say t !y give         
indubitable signs ( intellig5ce4 ,!y "k 
h[ to modify _! c\rse accord+ to        
circum/ances1 to provide aga9/ unexpect$
 wants1 to av]t dang]s1 & to notify to  
ea* o!r :atev] is ( consequ5ce to be    
kn[n by _! :ole community4 ,hub]1 !     
celebrat$ bee-keep] ( ,g5eva1 relates ! 
foll[+ anecdote3 ,"o ( 8 hives hav+ be5 
deva/at$ "o night by a l>ge sph9x-mo?1 !
 bees set to "w ! next morn+ & pla/]$ up
 ! door1 leav+ only a small op5+ :i*    
w\ld j admit !m1 "o at a "t1 b :i* !    
sph9x1 ) its big body & long w+s1 c\ld n
 pass4 ,z soon z ! season arriv$ :5 !   
mo?s t]m9ate _! %ort lives1 ! bees1 no  
long] fe>+ an invasion1 pull$ d[n _!    
ramp>t4 ,! next season1 z no sph9x      
appe>$ to tr\ble !m1 !y left _! door    
wide op54    ,o/ri*-keep+4--,by late    
news f ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope we le>n t !
 f>m]s ( t colony are beg9n+ to f9d x   
pr(itable to keep flocks ( o/ri*es1 = ! 

fea!rs ( ^? birds are wor? ,l#be /]l+ ! 
p\nd4 ,= ?irty-five o/ri*es1 !re mu/ be 
?ree hundr$ acres ( graz+-gr\nd4 ,!     
pluck+ takes place once 9 six mon?s2 !  
yield ( fea!rs f ea* bird be+ wor? f    
,l#aj to ,l#ab1 #ajs4 ,! orig9al co/ ( !
 "y o/ri*es is said to be ,l#e ea*4 ,"s 
( ! #acf f>m]s :o h tri$ ! exp]im5t are 
( op9ion t o/ri*-fea!rs w pay bett] ?an 
any o!r produce ( ! colony4             
,extraord9>y ,inl& ,navigation4--,we he>
 f ,s\? ,am]ica t a /eam] built 9 ,engl&
 = ! ,p]uvian gov]nm5t1 = ! exploration 
( riv]s1 has p5etrat$ ! great cont95t f 
! ,atlantic side to a di/ance (         
n9ety-five leagues only f ! ,pacific1 or
 ne>ly all across4 ,! vessel1 :i* draws 
sev5 feet wat]1 /eam$ sev5 hundr$       
leagues up ! ,amazon1 two hundr$ up !   
,ucayati1 & !nce into ! ,pa*itea1 :i* _h
 nev] be=e be5 navigat$ except by native
 canoes4 ,:at a magnific5t ext5t ( inl& 
navigation is "h op5$ to comm]cial      
ent]prise6 ,! m9d becomes some:at       
bewild]$ 9 imag9+ ! future ( ^? va/     

riv]-valleys :5 hundr$s ( /eam]s %all   
navigate ! /reams1 trad+ among millions 
( population dwell+ on _! banks4    ,is 
! ,sun gett+ ,bigg]8--,x is kn[n t v>i\s
 speculations h be5 put =w>d z to !     
cause or s\rce ( ! sun's heat4 ,among ^?
 :o consid] t x consi/s 9 ! fall+ (     
a/]oids or meteorites into ! sun1 is    
,mr4 ,j4 ,r4 ,may]1 ( ,heilbronn1 :o    
/ates t ! surface ( ! sun measures      
#aae1jjj million squ>e miles1 & t !     
a/]oids fall+ !reon =m a mass e m9ute   
equal 9 weight to f #id1jjj to #ahh1jjj 
billion kilogrammes4 ,x might be suppos$
 t ?is enorm\s %[] w\ld increase ! mass 
& weight ( ! sun1 & by consequ5ce       
produce an appreciable effect on !      
motion ( ! planets :i* compose our      
sy/em4 ,= in/ance1 x w\ld %ort5 our ye> 
by a second or some?+ less4 ,b !        
calculations ( a/ronom]s %[ t ?is effect
 does n take place2 & ,mr4 ,may] /ates t
 to increase ! app>5t diamet] ( ! sun a 
s+le second by ! %[] ( a/]oids w\ld     
require f #cc1jjj to #ff1jjj ye>s4      

,tea*+ ! ,deaf & ,dumb to ,speak4--,dr4 
,h\d91 director ( an in/itution = ! deaf
 & dumb at ,passy1 lately ann\nc$ to !  
,fr5* ,academy1 t aft] tw5ty-five ye>s' 
exp]i5ce he _h prov$ ! possibility (    
communicat+ ! faculty ( spee*1 9 a c]ta9
 degree1 to deaf mutes4 ,a commission   
appo9t$ by ! ,academy & ! ,faculty to   
inve/igate ! subject1 reports t ! le>n$ 
doctor has really succe$$ 9 sev]al      
in/ances 9 tea*+ ^! un=tunate be+s to   
speak & ev5 compreh5d spok5 language s  
well t x is difficult to believe t !y   
are n guid$ by ! e>4 ,! pati5ts conv]s$ 
) ! memb]s ( ! commission1 & answ]$ !   
diff]5t que/ions put to !m4 ,!y 7 f\nd  
to be p]fectly famili> ) ! use &        
me*anism ( spee*1 ?\gh de/itute ( ! s5se
 ( he>+1 & !y compreh5d$ :at 0 said to  
!m1 read+ ! words ^u ! lips ( ! speak] )
 a m>vell\s facility4 ,?us !y become fit
 to ent] into society & capable (       
receiv+ all mann] ( in/ruction4  ,b "h  
is ano!r case /ill m wond]ful4 ,:at w\ld
 y d if y _h to in/ruct & prep>e = fir/ 

communion a *ild :o 0 at ! same "t deaf1
 dumb1 & bl9d8 ,! case is n an imag9>y  
"o2 x has occurr$ 9 an asylum =         
deaf-mutes at ,notre ,dame de ,l>nay1 9 
! diocese ( ,poiti]s4 ,a nun 0 !re *>g$ 
) ! in/ruction ( a *ild 9 ?is un=tunate 
/ate1 to :om %e c\ld appeal only by !   
s5se ( t\*4 ,yet ! *ild1 :o a/oni%es    
ev]ybody by h] s5sibility & intellig5ce1
 has come by t means to a k ( !         
spiritual life1 ( ,god & 8 div9e ,son1 (
 religion & its my/]ies & precepts--has 
be5 prep>$1 9 f9e1 = a wor?y reception (
 ! ,eu*>i/4   ,,art4  ,! pa/ w9t] 9 ,new
 ,york has sc>cely kept pace ) its      
imm$iate pr$ecessor 9 ! numb] & m]it ( !
 collections ( pictures op5$ to public  
inspection or dispos$ ( at auction4 ,!  
unprec$5t$ prices obta9$ = ! really     
excell5t collection ( ,mr4 ,wolfe1 9    
,*ri/mas week ( #ahfc1 seem$ to h       
inoculat$ art collectors & deal]s ) :at 
may be call$ a cacoe!s v5d5di1 & until  
f> into ! succe$+ summ] ! picture       
auctione]s 7 call$ ^u to knock d[n doz5s

 ( gall]ies ( private g5tlem5 ab\t to   
leave ! c\ntry1 v>y+ 9 m]it f           
respectable to positively bad4 ,9 ^!    
sales ! mod]ns _h decid$ly ! be/ ( x1 ! 
few #acg old ma/]s :o v5tur$ to appeal  
to ! sympa?ies & pockets ( our          
collectors be+ at la/ treat$ ) prop]    
contempt4 ,b ! prices realiz$ by !      
,wolfe gall]y1 ev5 :5 r$uc$ to a specie 
basis1 7 too high to become a recogniz$ 
/&>d ( value1 & gradually ! int]e/ 9 su*
 sales1 z well z ! bids1 decl9$1 until !
 sell]s became aw>e 7! pur*as]s _h      
become aw>e "s "t previ\s7 t ! m>ket 0  
ov]/ock$ & ! dem& = pictures _h ceas$4  
,! contributions ( ! =eign arti/s to !  
,new ,york ,sanit>y ,fair br\ght        
probably less ?an a ?ird ( ! money t    
w\ld h be5 obta9$ = !m _h !y be5 sold 9 
,janu>y in/ead ( ,june1 & su*           
collections z h be5 scrap$ toge!r = sale
 dur+ ! pres5t season h met ) b mod]ate 
pecuni>y success4 ,x is gratify+ to "k1 
h[ev]1 t our resid5t arti/s1 bo? native 
& =eign-born1 h = ! mo/ "p be5 busily & 

pr(itably employ$1 & t 9 l&scape1 & 9 "s
 dep>tm5ts ( g5re1 _! works h n suff]$ 9
 competition ) simil> ones by reputable 
,european pa9t]s4 ,)\t wi%+ 9 any       
respect to recomm5d or sugge/ a         
protective sy/em = fo/]+ native art1 we 
_c b rejoice t ! ov]?r[ ( ! late        
exagg]at$ prices = =eign works w t5d to 
enc\rage & develop ,am]ican arti/s4  ,! 
pr9cipal art ev5t 9 anticipation is !   
op5+ ( next exhibition ( ! ,national    
,academy ( ,design 9 ! build+ n[ ha/5+  
to completion at ! corn] ( ,f\r? av5ue &
 ,tw5ty-?ird /reets4 ,x is to be hop$ t 
! contributions w be wor?y ( ! place & !
 occasion4 ,rec5t exhibitions h n be5   
altoge!r cr$itable to ! ,academy4       
,dur&1 ! late presid5t ( ! ,academy1 &  
"o ( our olde/ & mo/ c>eful l&scape     
pa9t]s1 has a *>act]i/ic "w on          
exhibition at ,av]y's ,art ,ag5cy1 corn]
 ( ,f\r? /reet & ,broadway4 ,x is call$ 
,a ,summ] ,aft]noon1 & is p]vad$ by a   
s(t1 p5sive s5tim5t ( rural repose4 ,9 !
 elaboration ( ! trees & 9 ! s(t1 mell[ 

di/ances ! arti/ %[s 8 e>ly skill1      
albeit 9 "s ( 8 lat] pieces ! timid h&l+
 insep>able f age is disc]nible4  ,a    
collection ( sev]al hundr$ sket*es &    
/udies ( no special m]it1 by ,hicks1 has
 rec5tly be5 dispos$ ( at auction4 ,!   
essays ( ?is g5tleman 9 l&scape are n   
happy1 & ! specim5s 9 ?is collection _h 
bett]1 p]haps1 h be5 exclud$4           
,rossit]'s pictures repres5t+ ,adam &   
,eve 9 ,p>adise1 n[ on exhibition 9 ,new
 ,york1 h excit$ m rem>k ?an            
comm5dation4 ,x may be said briefly1 t  
!y fail to d ju/ice to ! subject4       
,curnm+s's ,hi/oric ,annals ( ! ,academy
 ( ,design h be5 publi%$1 & con/itute an
 int]e/+ addition to ! some:at meagre   
collection ( works illu/rat+ ,am]ican   
art hi/ory4  ,mr4 ,?omas ,ball1 !       
well-kn[n sculptor ( ,bo/on1 is ab\t to 
dep>t = ,italy1 ) ! int5tion ( rema9+   
sev]al ye>s 9 ,flor5ce1 & execut+ !re 9 
m>ble a numb] ( pla/] models4 ,among ^! 
are a life-size /atue ( ,edw9 ,=re/ 9 ! 
"p ( ,coriolanus1 & bu/s ( ! late ,rev4 

,?omas ,/>r ,k+ & ,edw>d ,ev]ett4 ,!    
latt] is said to be an admirable        
lik5ess4  ,m4 ,j4 ,heade1 an ,am]ican   
arti/1 =m]ly ( ,bo/on & ,provid5ce1 is  
publi%+ 9 ,london a "w ^u ! humm+-birds 
( ,brazil1 illu/rat$ f designs by       
himself4  ,! ,unit$ ,/ates ,s5ate 0     
rec5tly ! sc5e ( a some:at animat$      
debate on art matt]s1 aris+ out ( a     
proposition to au?orize ! arti/ ,p[ell  
to pa9t a picture = ! ,capitol at a co/ 
n to exce$ #be1jjj4 ,! s*eme 0 defeat$1 
*iefly ?r\gh ! opposition ( ,s5ator     
,sumn]1 :o ?\ght ! pres5t an improp] "t 
to devote s l>ge a sum to su* a purpose4
  ,a v rem>kable picture by ,g]ome1 !   
mo/ orig9al1 & reali/ic ( liv+ ,fr5*    
pa9t]s1 is n[ on exhibition at ,g\pil's1
 9 ?is city4 ,x is entitl$ ,! ,pray] ( !
 ,arab 9 ! ,des]t1 & 9 a small space    
pres5ts a complete epitome ( ,ori5tal   
life4    ,9 ,london ! ,g5]al ,exhibition
 ( wat]-color draw+s1 & collections (   
works ( ,holman ,hunt1 ,madox ,br[n1 & !
 late ,david ,rob]ts1 h rec5tly be5     

op5$4 ,! la/ nam$ conta9s #ijj pictures1
 draw+s1 & sket*es1 %[+ ! amaz+ indu/ry 
( ! arti/1 & 8 skill z a draughtsman4   
#ach  ,a monum5t to ,%akespe>e1 f p5ny  
subscriptions1 is to be erect$ on       
,primrose ,hill1 ne> ,london4    ,! sale
 ( ! celebrat$ ,p\rtales collection at  
,p>is has be5 ! all-absorb+ art topic   
abroad4 ,! gall]y1 at la/ acc\nts1 0    
daily cr[d$ ) repres5tatives f all p>ts 
( ,europe1 & ! prices surpass$ !        
e/imates ( ! exp]ts4 ,! value set ^u !  
:ole collection 0 upw>d ( #c1jjj1jjj    
francs1 b t sum w probably fall f> %ort 
( ! real total4 ,! bronzes & t]ra-cotta 
occupi$ f\r days1 & produc$ ov] #aej1jjj
 francs4 ,! foll[+ are among ! mo/      
rem>kable items3 ,a v small /atuette (  
,jupit]1 f\nd at ,besancon 9 #ahbj1     
#h1jjj francs2 ano!r small /atuette ( ! 
same1 seat$1 =m]ly 9 ! ,d5on collection1
 #ab1jjj francs2 ! celebrat$ /atuette ( 
,apollo1 suppos$ to date f ! six? c5tury
 ,b4,c41 f ! ,n]i collection1 #e1jjj    
francs2 small /atuette ( ,m9]va1 arms   

miss+1 f\nd at ,besancon1 #ai1bjj       
francs2 armor f\nd at ,h]culaneum1 &    
pres5t$ by ! ,que5 ( ,naples to         
,joseph9e1 pur*as$ by ! ,emp]or =       
#ac1jjj francs2 a small ,roman bu/1     
suppos$ by ,visconti to be a ,balbus1   
b\ght = ! ,l\vre = #d1eej francs2 a     
tripod1 f\nd 9 ! ru9s ( ! t[n (         
,metapont1 & describ$ by ,pan(ka1       
pur*as$ = ! ,b]l9 gall]y1 #aj1jjj       
francs2 f9e old ,roman seat1 9 bronze1  
b\ght = ! ,l\vre1 #e1cjj francs2 vase f 
,locres1 #g1jjj francs2 ano!r vase1 f\nd
 9 "o ( ! tombs ( ! ,vulci1 #i1jjj      
francs4  ,at ! sale ( ! collection ( !  
,m>quis de ,lamb]tye1 9 ,p>is1 a *>m+ "w
 by ,meissoni]1 ,reyn>d 9 8 ,/udy1 read+
 a ,manuscript1 0 pur*as$ = #ab1fjj     
francs2 _h x n be5 = ! effect ( !       
,p\rtales sale on ! art m>ket1 ! "w w\ld
 h fet*$ consid]ably m money4 ,x 0      
pur*as$ ( ! arti/ himself1 = #af1jjj    
francs1 by ! late m>quis4 ,ano!r &      
small] picture1 n six in*es by f\r1 also
 by ,meissoni]1 0 sold on ! same        

occasion--subject1 ,van de ,velde 9 8   
,ateli]--= #g1jbj francs4 ,9 ! same     
collection 7 f\r works by ,decamps1 ^:  
pictures are 9 great reque/4 ,"o ( ^!1  
an ,ea/]n l&scape1 sold = #ae1ejj       
francs2 ano!r1 a small "w1 a peasant    
girl 9 ! =e/1 = #d1bdj francs2 & two    
/ill small] & less important works1     
,tide ,out1 ) ,sunset1 & ,gorges        
d',olli\le1 = #a1ejj francs ea*4 ,?ree  
small works by ,eug5e ,delacroix1 a     
,tig] attack+ a ,s]p5t1 ,combat betwe5  
,moors & ,arabs1 & ,! ,scot* ,ballad1   
sold1 respectively1 = #a1hbj francs1    
#a1cjj francs1 & #b1cjj francs4 ,a m9ute
 picture by ,paul ,del>o*e1 ,jesus on ! 
,m\nt ( ,olives1 sold = #b1bjj francs2  
,diog5es sitt+ on ! edge ( an imm5se j>1
 hold+ 8 lant]n1 by ,g]ome1 #a1iej      
francs2 & ,arnauts at ,pray]1 by ! same1
 #c1ijj francs4 ,! ,bea* at ,tr\ville1  
by ! lately deceas$ pa9t]1 ,troyon1     
#d1jjj francs1 & ,fe$+ ! ,p\ltry1 by !  
same1 #d1hej francs4  ,at ! sale ( a    
collection ( ! works ( ,m4 ,cordi]1 !   

sculptor1 :o has e>n$ consid]able       
popul>ity by 8 v>iegat$ works1 compos$ (
 m>bles1 onyx & bronze1 & v>i\sly t9t$ &
 decorat$1 a m>ble /atue1 call$ ,la     
,belle ,gall9>a1 sold = #d1ajj francs2 a
 "y ,kabyle *ild c>ry+ a bran* load$ )  
oranges1 9 ,alg]ian onyx & bronze1 &    
p>tly color$1 #c1jjj francs2 an ,arab   
woman1 a /atue ( ! same mat]ials z !    
prec$+1 int5d$ to support a lamp or     
c&elabrum1 pur*as$ by ! ,due de ,morny =
 #f1hbe francs4  ,!re is a report t !   
collections ( pictures & curiosities    
belong+ to ! ,comte de ,*ambord w %ortly
 be disp]s$ by ! hamm] 9 ,p>is4  ,!     
scaffold+ be=e ! nor? front ( ! ca!dral 
( ,notre ,dame1 9 ,p>is1 has be5 remov$1
 & ! facade1 ) ! magnific5t ,go?ic w9d[1
 =ty feet 9 diamet]1 c n[ be se5 to     
great p]fection1 all ! ri* sculptures   
hav+ be5 admirably re/or$4  ,a ,p>is    
lett] says3 ,! celebrat$ pa9t+ ( !      
',assass9ation ( ! ,bi%op ( ,liege1' by 
,eug5e ,delacroix1 0 rec5tly sold at    
auction at #ce1jjj francs4 ,! ',dea? (  

,ophelia1' 9 p5cil1 by ! same pa9t]1 0  
knock$ d[n = #b1jbj francs1 :i* 0       
consid]$ a l>ge sum = a sket*4 ',/4     
,l\is at ! ,bridge ( ,tailleb\rg1' 9    
wat]-colors1 fet*$ #c1ajj francs4 ,"s   
copp]-plates engrav$ by ,eug5e          
,delacroix himself 7 likewise sold4     
,at ! sale ( ! collection ( ! ,*evali]  
de ,knyff1 at ,brussels1 ! ,virg9 ) !   
ho/ & surr\nd$ by angels1 by ,+res1 0   
)drawn at #bh1ejj francs4  #aci  ,among 
! works ( art de/roy$ 9 ! rec5t         
conflagration ( ! ducal palace at       
,brunswick 0 ! colossal bronze figure ( 
,brunonia1 ! patron goddess ( ! t[n1 /&+
 9 a c> ( victory1 drawn by f\r horses4 
,x 0 execut$ by ,pr(essor ,h[aldt & 8   
sons1 aft] a design by ,riets*el4   ,!  
colossal bronze /atue ( ,h]cules1 lately
 exhum$ at ,rome1 has be5 safely        
deposit$ 9 ! ,vatican4  ------  ,,book  
,,notices4   ,,s]mons ,,on ,,our ,,"l   
,,jesus ,,*ri/1 ,,& ,,on ,,8 ,,bless$   
,,"m4 ,by 8 ,em95ce ,c>d9al ,wiseman4   
#hvo41 pp4 #dba4 ,new ,york3 ,d4  ,j4   

,sadli]  ,co4   ,com+ to u almo/ 9 !    
same mom5t 9 :i* we he> ( ,c>d9al       
,wiseman's dea?1 ^! s]mons w be read ) a
 deep & peculi> int]e/1 n[ t ! eloqu5t  
lips :i* utt]$ !m are clos$ = ev]4 ,mo/ 
( !m 7 prea*$ 9 ,rome1 "s s long ago z  
#ahbg4 ,^! 7 address$ to congregations  
compos$ p>tly ( ecclesia/ics1 p>tly (   
,ca?olic soj\rn]s 9 ! ,et]nal ,city1 &  
p>tly ( ,prote/ants4 ,at lea/ "o 0      
deliv]$ 9 ,irel& 9 #aheh4 ,b al?\gh "s (
 ! disc\rses belong to ! p]iod ( !      
au?or's novice%ip 9 ! pulpit1 & betwe5  
"s !re is an int]val ( m ?an ?irty ye>s1
 we are /ruck by no incongruity ( ei!r  
?\ght or /yle4 ,! e>lie/ h ! f9i% &     
elegance ( maturity2 ! late/ all ! vigor
 & en?usiasm ( y\?4  ,!y are n          
controv]sial1 & h>dly any ( !m c ev5 be 
call$ dogmatic s]mons4 ,!y are address$ 
m to ! he>t ?an directly to ! und]/&+1  
al?\gh reason+ & exhortation are (t5 s  
skilfully bl5d$ t x is h>d to say :]e "o
 beg9s & ! o!r ends4 ,!y are ! outp\r+s1
 9 fact1 ( a w>m & lov+ he>t & a full   

bra94 ,! argum5t is all ! m effective   
because ! c>d9al cov]s 8 frame-"w (     
logic ) ! ri* drap]y ( 8 brilliant      
rhetoric4 ,& yet1 ) all _! gorge\s      
phraseology1 !y are *>act]iz$ by a      
simplicity ( ?\ght :i* br+s !m d[n to ! 
level ( ! commone/ intellect4  ,! great]
 "p ( !m 7 prea*$ dur+ ! seasons ( ,l5t 
& ,adv5t1 & ! subjects w !re=e be f\nd  
especially appropriate to ! pres5t      
p]iod4 ,"h is a beautiful passage 9     
ref]5ce to our ,"l's agony 9 ! g>d53    
,!re are plants 9 ! luxuri\s ,ea/1 my   
de>ly belov$ bre?r51   :i* m5 ga% & cut1
 t f !m may di/il ! preci\s   balsams !y
 conta92 b t is ev] ! mo/ s\ght & valu$ 
:i*1 issu+ =? ( its own accord1 pure &  
unmix$1 trickles   d[n l te>s ^u ! p>5t 
tree4 ,& s x seems to me1 we may   )\t  
disp>agem5t speak ( ! preci\s /reams (  
our de>   ,r$eem]'s blood4 ,:5 =c$ f 8  
side1 9 abundant fl[1 x   came mix$ )   
ano!r my/]i\s fluid2 :5 %$ by ! cruel   
inflictions ( 8 enemies1 by _! nails1 _!
 ?orns1 &   sc\rges1 !re is a pa9ful    

association ) ! brutal in/rum5ts   t    
drew x1 z ?\gh 9 "s way _! defilem5t    
c\ld atta9t   x4 ,b "h we h ! fir/ yield
 ( t sav+ & life-giv+   he>t1 gu%+ =?   
spontane\sly1 pure & unt\*$ by !        
unclean h& ( man1 dropp+ z dew ^u !     
gr\nd4 ,x is !   fir/ juice ( ! preci\s 
v9e2 be=e ! w9e-press ha? bruis$   its  
grapes1 ri*] & sweet] to ! lov+ &       
sympa?iz+ s\l1   ?an :at is aft]w>d     
press$ out4 ,x is e drop ( x ours2 &    
alas1 h[ pa9fully s6 ,= "h no la%1 no   
impi\s palm1 no   prick+ ?orn ha? call$ 
x =?2 b our s9s1 yes1 our s9s1   !      
execution]s n ( ! fle%1 b ( ! he>t (    
,jesus1 h   driv5 x all out1 !nce to    
wat] t g>d5 ( sorr[s6 ,oh1 is x   n de> 
to u2 is x n ga!r$ up by our affections1
 ) f>   m rev]5ce & love ?an by virg9s (
 old 0 ! blood (   m>tyrs1 to be plac$ =
 ev] 9 ! v sanctu>y1 yea1 )9   ! v alt> 
( our he>ts8  ,f ! disc\rse on !        
,triumphs ( ! ,cross1 we select ! clos+ 
p>agraph3  #adj    ,o bless$ ,jesus1 may
 ! image ( ^! sacr$ w\nds1 z express$   

by ! cross1 nev] dep>t f my ?\ghts4 ,z x
 is a badge &   privilege ( ! exalt$    
(fice1 to :i*1 mo/ unwor?y1 ,i h   be5  
rais$1 to we> ev] ^u my brea/ ! figure (
 t cross1   & 9 x1 z 9 a holy %r9e1 a   
fragm5t ( t bless$ tree   :]eon ?\ did/ 
hang on ,golgo?a1 s mu* m let ! lively  
image ( !e crucifi$ dwell )9 my bosom1 &
 be ! s\rce   f :i* %all proce$ e ?\ght1
 & ^w1 & action ( my   m9i/ry6 ,let me  
prea* !e1 & !e crucifi$1 n ! plausible  
doctr9es ( worldly virtue & human       
philosophy4 ,9 pray] &   m$itation let  
me ev] h be=e me ?y lik5ess1 z ?\       
/ret*e/ =? ?9e arms to invite u to seek 
m]cy & to draw   u into ?9e embrace4    
,let my ,?abor be on ,calv>y2 !re x is  
be/   = me to dwell4 ,!re ?\ ha/ prep>$ 
?ree tab]nacles2 "o =   su* z1 l        
,magdal51 h (f5d$ mu*1 b love to weep at
 ?y   bless$ feet2 "o = ^? :o1 l ,john1 
h wav]$ 9   /eadfa/ness = a mom5t1 b    
long aga9 to re/ _! head ^u   ?y bosom2 
& "o :]e9to only %e may ent] ^: love    
burns   )\t a reproa*1 ^: he>t1 always  

"o ) ?9e1 f9ds its   home 9 ! c5tre (   
?9e1 fibre int]tw9$ ) fibre1 till bo?   
are melt$ into "o 9 t furnace (         
sympa!tic love4 ,) ^!   favorites ( !   
cross1 let me ev]1 bless$ ,savi\r1 rema9
 9   m$itation & pray]1 & lov+ affection
 = ?y holy rood4 ,i   w v5]ate its v    
sub/ance1 :5ev] pres5t$ to me1 )   deep 
& solemn rev]5ce4 ,i w honor its image1 
:]ev] (f]$   to me1 ) l[ly & respectful 
homage4 ,b /ill m ,i w   hall[ & love   
its _s & inw>d =m1 impress$ on ! he>t1  
& %[n =? 9 ! hol9ess ( life4 ,& oh6     
div9e ,r$eem]1   f ?y cross1 ?y true    
m]cy-seat1 look d[n 9 compassion ^u     
?is ?y p4 ,p\r =? !nce abundantly !     
/reams (   bless+1 :i* fl[ f ?y sacr$   
w\nds4 ,accompli% )9 !m1   dur+ ?is week
 ( =giv5ess1 ! "w :i* holy m5 h s   well
 begun1  ,footnote #dj t all may wor?ily
 p>take ( ?y   ,pas*al fea/4 ,plant ?y  
cross 9 e he>t2 may ea* "o embrace   x 9
 life1 may x embrace him 9 dea?2 & may x
 be a beacon (   salvation to 8 dep>t+  
s\l1 a cr[n ( glory to 8 immortal   _s6 

,am54    ,footnote #dj3 ,allud+ to !    
mission j clos$ by ! ,fa!rs (   !       
,in/itute ( ,*>ity4  ,:at foll[s is f ! 
s]mon on ! ,v5]ation ( ! ,bless$ ,virg93
    ,if1 !n1 any "o %all accuse me (    
wa/+ ^u ! "m ( my   ,savi\r feel+s &    
affections :i* he ha? jeal\sly res]v$ = 
himself4 ,i w appeal f ! *>ge to 8      
judgm5t1 & lay !   cause be=e him1 at   
any /age ( 8 bless$ life4 ,i w g unto   
him at ! crib ( ,be?lehem1 & ackn[l$ge  
t1 :ile1 ) !   k+s ( ! ,ea/1 ,i h       
pres5t$ to him all my gold &            
frank9c5se & myrrh1 ,i h v5tur$1 ) !    
%eph]ds1 to   pres5t an humbl] oblation 
( respect to h] :o 0 endur+ !   w9t]'s  
fro/ 9 an un%elt]$ /able1 entirely = 8  
sake4 ,or ,i   w meet him1 z ! holy     
fugitives repose on _! des]t-pa? to     
,egypt1 & confess t1 kn[+ f ! example ( 
,ag>1 h[ a   "m ca/ =? f h] h\se into ! 
wild]ness1 = h]   infant's sake1 only   
loves x ! m1 & ne$s an angel to com=t   
h] 9 h] angui% 7,g54 xxi4 #ag71 ,i h n  
re/ra9$ my eyes   f h] ^: fatigues & pa9

 7 a hundr$-fold increas$ by   81 :5 ,i 
h sympa?iz$ ) him 9 ?is 8 e>ly flight1  
endur$ = my s9s4 ,or ,i w approa* a m   
awful tribunal1 &   /ep to ! foot ( 8   
cross1 & own to him1 t :ile ,i h   ador$
 8 w\nds1 & /irr$ up 9 my brea/ my      
deepe/ feel+s   ( grief & commis]ation =
 :at ,i h made him suff]1 my   ?\ghts   
c\ld n refra9 f sometimes glanc+ t[>d h]
 :om ,i   saw resign$ly /&+ at 8 feet1 &
 %>+ 8 sorr[s2 &   t1 kn[+ h[ mu*       
,respha endur$ :ile sitt+ opposite to h]
   *ildr5 ju/ly crucifi$ by comm& ( ,god
 7#b ,k+s xxi4 #aj71 ,i _h   felt f>    
great] compassion = h]1 & _h n )held !  
emotions1 :i* nature itself dictat$1 (  
love1 & v5]ation1 &   dev\t affection   
t[>d h]4 ,& to ! judgm5t ( su* a son ,i 
w gladly b[1 & 8 meek m\? %all speak my 
s5t5ce1 & ,i   w n fe> x4 ,= ,i h       
already he>d x f ! cross1   address$ to 
me1 to y1 to all1 z he said3 ',woman1   
behold ?y   son2' & aga93 ',behold ?y   
"m4' 7,john xix4 #bf1 #bg47  ,an app5dix
 to ! volume conta9s six beautiful      

pa/orals1 on devotion to ! ,sacr$ ,he>t 
( ,jesus1 9 connection ) education4     
,,spiritual ,,progress4 ,by ,j4 ,w4     
,cumm+s1 ,d4,d41 ,,ll4,d41 ( ,/4        
,/eph5's ,*ur*1 ,new ,york ,city4       
#abmo41 pp4 #ccj4 ,new ,york3 ,p4       
,o',%ea4  ,we _c bett] /ate ! purpose ( 
?is excell5t little book ?an 9 ! words (
 ! au?or's preface3 ,spiritual ,progress
 is a famili> exposition ( ,ca?olic     
morality1 :i* has = its object to tell p
 ( common intellig5ce :at !y are expect$
 to d 9 #ada ord] to be good ,*ri/ians1 
& h[ !y %all d x1 & ! results t w foll[4
 ,x is writt5 n = ^? /rong1 h]oic s\ls1 
^: fai? is firm1 ^: devotion is ard5t1 &
 :o crave /rong spiritual food2 b = t   
num]\s class ( weak ,*ri/ians1 rec5t    
conv]ts1 hone/ inquir]s1 & f]v5t b      
un9/ruct$ ,ca?olics1 :o are n yet prep>$
 to accept ! m difficult c\nsels (      
p]fection2 :o are ready p]haps to d :at 
,god says !y mu/ d2 b ne$ a little tra9+
 be=e !y c be br\ght to d any m4 ,to put
 an ascetic "w into ! h&s ( su* p]sons  

w\ld (t5 be l giv+ beef to a "y baby3 x 
w\ld hurt1 n help !m4 ,dr4 ,cumm+s's    
book1 9 fact1 is a sort ( spiritual     
prim] = ! use ( ^? :o are j beg9n+ _!   
spiritual education4 ,x is simple1      
/raight=w>d1 & practical4 ,!re is a *>m 
9 ! /yle--s cle>1 s t]se1 (t5 almo/     
epigrammatic1 & sometimes ris+ to !     
poetical--:i* c>ries ! read] along 9    
spite ( himself4 ,! tone is n           
conv]sational2 yet :5 y read1 x seems z 
if y 7 n s mu* read+ z li/5+4 ,& t      
argues great lit]>y m]it4  ,"h is an    
extract f ! *apt] on ,faults (          
,conv]sation3    ,gossip is ! bane (    
conv]sation1 = x is ! "n "u :i*         
inju/ice makes h] entrance into society4
 ,!re is an elem5t 9   ! brea/ ( ! mo/  
civiliz$ communities1 ev5 9 times (     
great   ref9em5t1 t expla9s h[ man may1 
"u c]ta9 circum/ances1   become a       
cannibal4 ,x is exhibit$ 9 ! turns our  
humor takes 9   conv]sation4 ,we are n  
ill-natur$1 nor dispos$ to lay a /raw 9 
! way ( any "o :o has n injur$ u1 & yet1

 :5 spurr$ on   by ! /imulus ( talk+ &  
be+ talk$ to1 we c br+   ourselves to   
mimic1 revile1 & misrepres5t o!rs1      
traduce &   de/roy _! good "n1 reveal _!
 secrets1 & proclaim _!   faults2 & all 
?is m]ely to foll[ ! lead ( o!rs1 or = !
   sake ( appe>+ faceti\s & amus+1 or = 
! purpose (   build+ up ourselves by    
runn+ d[n ^? :om 9 our he>ts we   "k &  
believe to be bett] ?an we are4444 ,b z 
! gossip   attacks ! abs5t because !    
abs5t _c def5d himself or   h]self1 %all
 n we1 de> read]s1 =m a society to assi/
 !   weak & ! p]secut$8 ,%all we n ent] 
into a compact to def5d   ^? :o _c def5d
 !mselves8 ,let u answ] z a love ( fair 
play sugge/s4 ,if we are at all influ5c$
 by reg>d = ,*ri/ian   *>ity1 let u     
rememb] t x takes two to c>ry on a      
conv]sation aga9/ our neighbor1 & t if  
our visitor is guilty   ( be+ a gossip1 
a false witness1 or a detractor1 we are 
also   guilty by cons5t+ to (ficiate z  
li/5]s4  ,9 a *apt] on ! ,s*ool+ ( !    
,imag9ation1 ,dr4 ,cumm+s %[s h[ !      

imag9ative faculty may be made to s]ve !
 cause ( religion1 especially 9 !       
practice ( m$itation1 & h[ dang]\s x    
becomes :5 x is n held 9 *eck3    ,we   
he> songs & ! flutt]s ( _m w+s at       
,be?lehem1 & see   ! light /ream+ f     
heav5 ^u ! face ( ! new-born   ,savi\r4 
,we look out ov] ! blue wat]s ( ! ,lake 
( ,g5es>e?1   & see ! qua9t little b>k (
 ,pet] z x lay ne> ! %ore   :5 ,jesus   
prea*$ to ! p f its side1 or z x flew   
be=e ! w9d :5 ! sea wax$ wro?1 & a great
 /orm arose1   he mean:ile sleep+ & !y  
fe>+ !y w\ld p]i%4 ,) !   aid ( ?is     
wond]ful faculty we see him be=e u 9 !  
h\r (   8 triumph1 surr\nd$ by !        
multitudes s++1 ',hosanna to !   son (  
,david1' & 9 t sad day ( 8 f9al sorr[1  
:5 !   same voices swell$ ! fe>ful cry1 
',crucify him1 crucify him4'   ,a       
,,g5]al ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,ca?olic      
,,*ur*1 ,,f ,,! ,,comm5cem5t ,,( ,,!    
,,*ri/ian ,,era ,,until ,,! ,,pres5t    
,,"t4 ,by ,m4 ,l',abbe ,j4 ,e4 ,d>ras4  
,fir/ ,am]ican f ! la/ ,fr5* edition4 ,)

 an ,introduction & ,notes1 by ! ,mo/   
,rev4 ,m4 ,j4 ,spald+1 ,d4,d41 ,ar*bi%op
 ( ,baltimore4 ,p>ts #a1 #b1 & #c4 #hvo4
 ,new ,york3 ,p4 ,o',%ea4  ,?is valuable
 "w1 :i* ,mr4 ,o',%ea1 ) a laudable _s (
 ent]prise1 is giv+ u by in/alm5ts1 is  
int5d$ = j t class ( read]s :o /& mo/ 9 
ne$ ( a readable & pretty full ,*ur*    
hi/ory4 ,:5 complet$ x w fill f\r portly
 volumes1 imp]ial octavo2 yet x is a "w 
adapt$ m especially to family read+ ?an 
to ! use ( ! s*ol> 9 8 closet4 ,! ,abbe 
,d>ras has judici\sly refra9$ f ob/ruct+
 ! fl[ ( 8 n>rative by m9ute ref]5ces & 
quotations1 nor has he suff]$ 8 p5 to   
run away into long discussions (        
controv]t$ que/ions4 ,:at he says ( !   
*ronology :i* he has foll[$1 he might h 
said1 if we h read him #adb aright1 ( 8 
:ole "w3 ,we h adopt$ a sy/em already   
complet$1 n t x may p]haps be ! mo/     
exact 9 all its details1 b because x is 
! "o mo/ g5]ally foll[$4 ,?is seems to  
be ! pr9ciple :i* he has kept be=e 8    
eyes ?r\gh\t2 & consid]+ ! purpose = :i*

 he wrote1 we ?9k x a good "o4 ,) all ! 
simplicity & mode/y ( 8 /yle1 h[ev]1 he 
%[s a ?or\gh k ( ! intricacies ( 8      
subject1 & an acqua9tance ) :at ! be/   
s*ol>s h writt5 be=e him4 ,8 hi/ory1    
!re=e1 fills a void :i* has long be5    
a*+4  ,! translation1 made by a lady    
well kn[n & respect$ by ! ,ca?olics ( ! 
,unit$ ,/ates1 reads smoo?ly1 & we d\bt 
n is accurate4 ,x has be5 revis$ by     
compet5t !ologians1 & has ! special     
sanction ( ! ,ar*bi%op ( ,baltimore1    
beside ! approbation ( ! ,ar*bi%ops (   
,new ,york & ,c9c9nati4 ,! "w 9 !       
orig9al ,fr5* receiv$ ! w>me/ encomiums 
f ! ,european cl]gy1 & ! au?or 0 honor$1
 at ! conclusion ( 8 labors1 by a k9d   
lett] f ! ,pope4  ,! me*anical execution
 ( ! book is beautiful4 ,! pap] is good1
 & ! type l>ge & cle>4 ,we ?ank ,mr4    
,o',%ea = giv+ u s important a "w 9 su* 
a ri* & appropriate dress4   ,,!        
,,progress ,,( ,,! ,,age1 ,,& ,,!       
,,dang] ,,( ,,! ,,age4 ,two lectures    
deliv]$ be=e ! ,/4 ,xavi] ,conf]5ce ( ! 

,/4 ,v9c5t de ,paul ,bro!rhood 9 ! ,hall
 ( ,/4 ,l\is ,univ]sity4 ,by ! ,rev4    
,l\is ,heyl51 ,s4 ,j4 #abmo41 pp4 #ajg4 
,c9c9nati3 ,john ,p4 ,wal%4  ,^! two    
lectures =m$ p>ts ( a c\rse deliv]$ dur+
 ! w9t] ( #ahfb-fc1 by "s ( ! pr(essors 
( ! ,/4 ,l\is ,univ]sity4 ,!y are       
admirable compositions1 r$ol5t ( good   
s5se1 le>n+1 & ripe ?\ght1 & deeply     
int]e/+4 ,! /yle has a true oratorical  
r+4 ,9 ! fir/ lecture ,fa!r ,heyl51 aft]
 adv]t+ to ! fact t e age s9ce ! days ( 
,adam has be5 m>k$ by "s special        
*>act]i/ic1 exam9es ! claim set =? by   
our own c5tury to be emphatically ! age 
( progress4 ,9 "p he admits & 9 "p he   
d5ies x4 ,9 mat]ial progress1 & 9 !     
natural sci5ces1 especially z appli$ to 
! purposes ( indu/ry & comm]ce1 x /&s at
 ! head ( ages4 ,b moral progress is n  
"o ( its *>act]i/ics4 ,"h ,i feel1 says 
he1 t ,i am ent]+ ^u a difficult "q4    
,has !re be51 9 ! la/ fifty ye>s1 any   
m>k$ increase ( crime8 ,is our age1 all 
?+s consid]$1 really worse ?an prec$+   

ages8 ,?is "q ,i %all n und]take to     
decide2 b !re are "s =ms ( crime :i*    
appe> to me decid$ly peculi> to our age4
 ,a brief review ( ^! s9s ( ! day leads 
naturally to ! subject ( ! second       
lecture4 ,fa!r ,heyl5 sees our greate/  
dang] 9 t practical mat]ialism :i*      
places mat]ial int]e/s & mat]iali/ic    
passions above ! int]e/s ( ! s\l & !    
claims ( virtue4 ,he consid]s           
successively its ext5t1 its effects1 & !
 means to av]t x--! la/ be+1 ( c\rse1 ! 
ennobl+ & spiritualiz+ influ5ce (       
,ca?olicism4  ,we advise ^? :o wi% to   
see h[ a s*ol> & an orator c ?r[ a fre% 
*>m into a /ale subject1 to read ,fa!r  
,heyl5's review ( ! />tl+ discov]ies (  
mod]n sci5ce 9 ! fir/ lecture1 & 8      
brilliant description 9 ! second ( !    
ru9s ) :i* mat]ialism has spread ! pages
 ( hi/ory & ! new life :i* ,ca?olicism  
has infus$ into effete civilizations4   
,prefix$ to ! little volume be=e u is a 
%ort biographical sket* ( ,fa!r ,heyl51 
:o di$ 9 #ahfc4    ,,und9e1 ,,or ,,!    

,,wat]-,,_s4 ,also ,,s9tram ,,& ,,8     
,,companions4 ,f ! ,g]man ( ,fri$ri* de 
la ,motte ,f\que4 ,i vol4 #abmo41 pp4   
#bch4 ,new ,york3 ,james ,mill]4        
,,?iodolf1 ,,! ,,icel&]4 ,a ,romance4 ,f
 ! ,g]man ( ! ,b>on de la ,motte ,f\que4
 #abmo41 pp4 #cjh4 ,new ,york3 ,james   
,mill]4  ,= a man ( ref9$ & cultivat$   
ta/e we "k ( h>dly any m delightful     
lit]>y recreation ?an to turn f ! novels
 ( our own day to "o ( ! exquisite      
romances ( ,la ,motte ,f\que4 ,!re is a 
nobl5ess ( s5tim5t 9 8 wild & beautiful 
fancies :i* seems to lift u out ( ?is _w
 into a high] sph]e4 ,all 8 writ+s are  
p]vad$ by an ideal ,*ri/ian *ivalry1    
#adc spiritualiz+ & ref9+ ! sup]natural 
ma*9]y :i* he is s fond ( borr[+ f ! old
 ,norse leg5ds4 ,no o!r au?or has ev]   
treat$ ! ,nor!rn my?ology s well2       
because no o!r has attempt$ to give u   
its beauties )\t its grossness4 ,! gods 
& h]oes ( ! ,norsem5 h be5 v mu* 9      
fa%ion ( late ye>s2 b take almo/ any ( !
 ,sc&9avian tales rec5tly               

translat$--tales :i*1 if !y h any moral1
 seem to inculcate ! morality ( ly+ &   
*eat+1 & ! virtue ( /rong muscles & h[  
immeasurably f9] & m beautiful by ! side
 ( !m appe> ! fairy leg5ds :i* ,f\que   
int]weaves ) 8 romances1 m+l+ old       
sup]/itions ) ,*ri/ian fai? & virtues1 9
 s delicate a mann] t we see no         
incongruity 9 ! association4 ,?is mutual
 adaptation1 if we may call x s1 he     
effects p>tly by transport+ u back to ^?
 e>ly times :5 ! fai? 0 z yet only      
half-root$ 9 ! ,nor!rn soil1 & :5 ev5 _m
 ,*ri/ian conv]ts clung almo/           
unconsci\sly to "s ( _! old pagan       
beliefs2 p>tly by ! g5u9e religi\s _s   
:i* inspires e page ( 8 books1 no matt] 
:at _! subject2 & p>tly by ! allegorical
 significance :i* 8 romances g5]ally    
convey4 ,s f tales ( wat]-sprites & evil
 spirits1 devils1 dw>fs1 & all mann] (  
sup]natural appe>ances1 we rise ) !     
feel+ t we h be5 read+ a lesson ( piety1
 tru?1 integrity1 & honor4 ,c>lyle calls
 ! *ivalry ( ,f\que m extravagant ?an t 

:i* we suppos$ ,c]vantes _h aboli%$2 b  
we are f> f agree+ 9 su* a judgm5t4 ,a  
*ivalry :i* re/s ^u wise & pi\s ?\ghts1 
treasur$ 9 a pure he>t1 des]ves some?+  
bett] to be said ( x4  ,! ?ree tales ^: 
titles are giv5 above are specim5s (    
?ree some:at diff]5t /yles 9 :i* ,f\que 
treats 8 d>l+ subject ( ,*ri/ian        
knigh?ood4 ,! /ory ( ,und9e has always  
be5 a pet 9 e language ( ,europe4 ,sir  
,walt] ,scott call$ x ravi%+2 ,col]idge 
express$ unb\nd$ admiration ( x2 ! au?or
 himself t]m$ x 8 d>l+ *ild4 ,= ! tale (
 ,s9tram we h a p>ticul> affection4 ,z a
 "w ( art1 x is n to be comp>$ ) ! =m]3 
x has b little ( t t5d] a]ial fancy :i* 
makes ! /ory ( ! #add wat]-sprite s     
inexpressibly graceful2 b !re is a      
sombre beauty 9 x :i* is n less         
captivat+4 ,x is a /ory ( temptation &  
trial1 ( battle ) self & triumph ov] s94
 ,its allegorical mean+ is m di/9ct ?an 
t ( ,und9e2 x speaks m unmi/akably (    
fai? & h]oic virtue4 ,?iodolf1 !        
,icel&]1 is a picture ( ,norse &        

,byzant9e mann]s 9 ! t5? c5tury1 &      
pres5ts an int]e/+ contra/ betwe5 ! r\gh
 manl9ess ( ! =m] & ! luxury ( ! c\rt ( 
,con/ant9ople4 ,to ! m]its ( weal? (    
imag9ation1 skilful del9eation ( "*1 &  
dramatic p[] ( n>ration1 x is said to   
add hi/orical accuracy4    ,,our ,,f>m  
,,( ,,f\r ,,acres1 ,,& ,,! ,,money ,,we 
,,made ,,by ,,x4 #abmo41 pp4 #abh4 ,new 
,york3 ,james ,mill]4  ,x is no slight  
pro( ( ! m]it ( ?is little book t x has 
gone ?r\gh at lea/ twelve editions 9    
,engl&1 & _h s _m imitators t x may     
almo/ be call$ ! f\nd] ( a s*ool (      
lit]ature4 ,its popul>ity is /ill       
undim9i%$1 & promises long to cont9ue s4
 ,h>dly any "o c fail ( be+ int]e/$ 9   
?is simple n>rative ( ! blund]s1 mi%aps1
 & f9al triumphs ( two city-br$ si/]s1 9
 _! ef=t to keep a little f>m & make x  
pay2 b to ^? :o1 ei!r = heal?'s sake or 
economy1 are ab\t ent]+ on a simil>     
ent]prise1 we _c too /rongly recomm5d x4
 ,x is s practical t we _c d\bt x is all
 true--inde$ its directness & air ( tru?

 & good s5se are ! secrets ( its        
rem>kable success4 ,we comm5d x to our  
read]s z an int]e/+ exemplification ( a 
tru? :i* ought to be m widely kn[n ?an x
 is--t ) prop] managem5t a small family 
on a small place 9 ! c\ntry c raise all 
_! own vegetables1 n only to _! great   
com=t1 b ) consid]able pecuni>y pr(it4  
,m5 :o sp5d half-a-ye>'s income 9 ! r5t 
( a city h\se w\ld d well to take to    
he>t ! lessons ( ?is little book4    ,,!
 ,,irv+ton ,,/ories4 ,by ,m4 ,e4 ,dodge4
 ,illu/rat$ by ,f4 ,o4 ,c4 ,d>ley4      
#afmo41 pp4 #bef4 ,new ,york3 ,james    
,o',kane4  ,?is is a collection ( tales 
= "y p1 manufactur$ ) consid]able #ade  
ta/e & neatness4 ,"s ( ! /ories be> a   
good moral1 di/9ctly br\ght out4        
,,reply ,,to ,,! ,,*ri/ian ,,exam9] ,,on
 ,,ca?olicity ,,& ,,naturalism4 #hvo41  
pp4 #bd4 ,bo/on3 ,patrick ,donahoe4  ,! 
,*ri/ian ,exam9] = ,janu>y1 #ahfe1      
conta9$ an article on ,! ,ord] ( ,/4    
,paul ! ,apo/le1 & ! ,new ,ca?olic      
,*ur*1 9 :i* ! writ]1 aft] describ+ a   

visit to ! ,pauli/ e/abli%m5t 9         
,fifty-n9? /reet1 & repres5t+ ,fa!r     
,heck] & 8 companions z be+ engag$ 9 !  
attempt to f\nd a new ,ca?olic ,*ur*1   
pass$ on to ! consid]ation ( ! "q :at =m
 ( religion is be/ adapt$ to ! wants ( !
 ,am]ican p4 ,x 0 a rem>kable           
article--rem>kable n only = its graceful
 diction1 b = its curi\s admissions ( ! 
failure ( ,prote/antism z a religi\s    
sy/em4 ,! process ( dis9tegration1 says 
! ,exam9]1 is go+ =w>d ) imm5se rapidity
 ?r\gh\t ,prote/ant ,*ri/5dom4          
,organizations are splitt+ asund]1      
in/itutions are fall+ into decay1 cu/oms
 are becom+ uncu/om>y1 usages are p]i%+ 
f neglect1 sacram5ts are des]t$ by !    
multitude1 cre$s are decompos+ "u !     
action ( lib]al /udies & indep5d5t      
?\ght4 ,b f ^! fall+ ru9s mank9d w seek 
refuge n 9 ! bosom ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1  
says ! ,*ri/ian ,exam9]1 b 9            
,naturalism4 ,! object ( ! pamphlet be=e
 u is to %[1 aft] correct+ c]ta9        
mis/atem5ts conc]n+ ! congregation (    

,pauli/s1 t ,naturalism is utt]ly unable
 to satisfy ^? long+s ( ! he>t :i*1 z ! 
,exam9] confesses1 no ,prote/ant sect c 
appease4    ,,pa/oral ,,lett] ,,( ,,!   
,,mo/ ,,rev4 ,,m>t9 ,,john ,,spald+1 ,d4
 ,d41 ,,ar*bi%op ,,( ,,baltimore1       
,,etc41 ,,toge!r ,,) ,,! ,,late         
,,encyclical ,,( ,,! ,,holy ,,fa!r1 ,,& 
,,! ,,syllabus ,,( ,,errors ,,condemn$4 
#hvo41 pp4 #dc4 ,baltimore3 ,kelly      
,piet4  ,9 promulgat+ ! jubilee lately  
proclaim$ by ! sov]eign pontiff1 ! ,mo/ 
,rev4 ,ar*bi%op ,spald+ takes occasion  
to make a few timely rem>ks on !        
,encyclical1 ! "* ( ,pius ,,ix41 !      
temporal p[] ( ! ,popes1 & ! errors     
rec5tly condemn$4 ,he expla9s ! true    
purport ( ! mu*-abus$ ,encyclical1 %[s  
aga9/ :om x is direct$--namely1 !       
,european radicals & infidels--& proves 
t x nev] 0 ! int5tion ( ! ,pope1 z has  
be5 alleg$1 to assail ! in/itutions (   
?is c\ntry4 ,9 view ( ! absurd          
mi/ranslations ( ! ,encyclical :i* h be5
 publi%$ by ! ,prote/ant press1         

,ca?olics w be glad to h ! correct      
,engli% v]sion ( t important docum5t1   
:i* is giv5 by way ( app5dix to !       
pa/oral4    ,we h receiv$ ! ,fir/       
,supplem5t to ! ,catalogue ( ! ,libr>y (
 ! ,"y ,m5's ,association ( ! ,city (   
,milwaukee1 ) ! annual report ( ! ,bo>d 
( ,directors = #ahfc4                   
------------------  ,,! ,,ca?olic ,,_w4 
,,vol4 ,i41 ,,no4 #b4 ,,may1 #ahfe4     
,f ! ,dubl9 ,review4   ,,h$wige1 ,,que5 
,,( ,,pol&4   ,h$wige 0 ! y\nge/ daught]
 ( ,lewis1 nephew & successor to        
,casimir ! ,great1 :o1 on acc\nt ( !    
pref]5ce he ev9c$ = 8 ,hung>ian         
subjects1 drew ^u himself ! cont9u$     
ill-w ( ! nation he 0 call$ ^u to gov]n4
 ,f9d+ he 0 unable to cope ) ! num]\s   
factions ev]y:]e ready to oppose him1   
he1 n )\t _m humiliat+ concessions to ! 
nobles ( ,pol&1 induc$ !m to elect z 8  
successor 8 daught] ,m>ia1 wife (       
,sigismund1 ,m>quis ( ,br&5burg 7aft]w>d
 emp]or71 & hav+ appo9t$ ! ,duke (      
,oppel5 reg5t ( ! k+dom1 retir$ to 8    

native ,hung>y1 unwill+ to rel9qui% !   
%ad[ ( ! sceptre :i* cont9ually evad$ 8 
grasp4  ,on 8 dea?1 :i* happ5$ 9 #achb1 
,pol& became ! !atre ( inte/9e disord]s 
fom5t$ by ! turbul5t nobles1 :o1 not)/&+
 ! allegiance !y _h sworn to ! ,pr9cess 
,m>ia1 refus$ to all[ h] ev5 to ent] !  
k+dom4 ,sigismund 0 n1 h[ev]1 incl9$ ?us
 easily to =ego 8 wife's claims2 & z !  
,"l ( ,mazovia at ! same "t aspir$ to ! 
vacant ?rone1 _m ( ! prov9ces became s  
desolat$ by civil w> t ! lead]s ( !     
adv]se factions ?rew d[n _! arms1 &     
simultane\sly agre$ to (f] ! cr[n to !  
,pr9cess ,h$wige1 !n resid+ 9 ,hung>y "u
 ! c>e ( h] "m ,elizabe?4 ,by no means  
approv+ ( a plan :i* ?us unc]emoni\sly  
exclud$ h] elde/ daught] f ! ?rone1 !   
que5 d[ag] endeavor$ to oppose inju/ice 
by policy4 ,h$wige 0 at ! "t only f\rte5
 ye>s ( age1 & ! deputies 7 in=m$ t1 z !
 pr9cess 0 too "y to und]take ! heavy   
responsibilities ( sov]eignty1 h]       
bro!r-9-law ,sigismund mu/ act 9 h] /ead
 until su* "t z %e h]self %\ld be       

consid]$ capable ( assum+ ! re9s (      
gov]nm5t4 ,?is /ratagem did n succe$2 ! 
duke 0 n all[$ to cross ! fronti]s (    
,pol&1 & ,elizabe? f\nd h]self compell$ 
to "p ) h] daught]1 if %e w\ld n see !  
cr[n plac$ on ! br[ ( :omev] ! diet     
might elect4  ,n[ comm5c$ ! trials ( !  
"y ,h$wige1 :o 0 ?us e>ly call$ ^u to   
ex]cise ^? virtues ( h]oic =titude1     
pati5t endurance1 & self-d5ial :i* r5d]$
 h] life a sort ( cont9ual m>tyrdom1 a  
sacrifice daily (f]$ up at ! %r9es (    
religion & patriotism4 ,at ! e>ly age ( 
f\r ye>s %e _h be5 affianc$ to ,william1
 ,duke ( ,au/ria1 #adf :o1 9 accordance 
) ! cu/om ( ! times1 _h be5 educat$ 9   
,hung>y2 8 affection = 8 betro!d gr[+ ) 
8 gr[?1 & increas+ ) 8 ye>s4 ,ambition  
_h no *>ms = ,h$wige2 h] f]v5t piety1   
%r9k+ mode/y1 & fem99e timidity s\ght to
 conceal1 n only h] extraord9>y beauty1 
b ^? r>e m5tal end[m5ts ( :i* %e 0      
possess$4 ,bitt] 7 ! te>s %$ by ?is     
g5tle girl1 :5 h] "m1 al>m$ at ! m5aces 
( ! ,poli% nobles1 in=m$ h] %e mu/      

imm$iately dep>t = ,crac[1 "u !         
protection ( ,c>d9al ,demetrius1 ,bi%op 
( ,/rigonia1 :o 0 pl$g$ to deliv] h]    
into ! h&s ( ^? :om %e 0 dispos$ to     
reg>d r z h] ma/]s ?an z h] subjects4   
,!re _h be5 "o /ipulation made1 :i*1 _h 
%e be5 aw>e ( its exi/5ce1 w\ld h add$ a
 %>p] pang to ! already poignant angui% 
( ,h$wige3 ! ,poles requir$ t _! "y     
sov]eign %\ld m>ry only ) ! cons5t ( !  
diet1 & t h] husb& %\ld n only reside   
con/antly 9 ,pol&1 b pl$ge himself nev] 
to attempt to r5d] t c\ntry dep5d5t on  
any o!r p[]4 ,al?\gh aw>e ( !           
difficulties ?us ?r[n 9 ! way ( h] union
 ) ,duke ,william1 h] "m _h subscrib$ to
 ^! conditions2 & ,h$wige1 hav+ be5     
joyfully receiv$ by ! prelates & nobles 
( h] adopt$ c\ntry1 0 solemnly cr[n$ 9 !
 ca!dral at ,crac[1 ,octob] #ae1 #ache1 
be+ ! fe/ival ( h] patron1 ,/4 ,h$wige4 
,h] y\?1 lovel9ess1 grace1 &            
intellectual end[m5ts won f ! fi]ce     
*iefta9s an en?usia/ic affection :i* _h 
be5 d5i$ to ! too yield+ ,lewis2 _!     

national pride 0 flatt]$1 _! loyalty    
awak5$1 by ! innoc5t fasc9ations ( _! "y
 sov]eign1 & !y almo/ s\ght to def] ! "t
 :i*1 9 h] husb&1 w\ld necess>ily give  
!m a rul] ( /]n] m\ld4 ,nor 0 ,h$wige   
undes]v+ ( ! exalt$ /ation %e _h be5    
compell$ to fill3 a wor?y desc5dant ( ! 
sa9t$ ,lewis1 h] e ^w & action waa m>k$ 
by a gravity & maturity :i* bore witness
 to ! sup]natural motives & heav5ly     
wisdom by :i* x 0 inspir$2 & yet1 9 !   
sil5ce ( h] *amb]1 _m 7 ! te>s %e %$ ov]
 ! memory ( ties sev]$1 %e fe>$1 = ev]4 
,among/ ! e>lie/ c&idates = h] h& 0     
,ziemovit1 ,duke ( ,mazovia1 already    
m5tion$ z "o ( ! competitors = ! cr[n   
aft] ! dea? ( h] fa!r2 b ! ,poles1 /ill 
sm>t+ f ! effects ( 8 unbridl$ ambition1
 dismiss$ 8 mess5g]s ) a refusal c\*$ 9 
t]ms ( undisguis$ contempt4 ,! "q ( h]  
m>riage once agitat$1 ! m9d ( ,h$wige   
naturally turn$ to him on :om h] he>t 0 
unalt]ably fix$1 & :om f h] *ildhood %e 
_h be5 taught to consid] z h] future    
husb&2 b an alliance ) ! h\se ( ,au/ria 

=m$ no "p ( ,poli% policy1 & nei!r !    
wi%es nor ! entreaties ( _! que5 c\ld   
induce ! diet to ent]ta9 ! idea = a     
mom5t2 9 %ort1 _! :ole en]gy 0 employ$ 9
 br++ ab\t a union :i*1 h[ev]           
disagreeable to ! "y sov]eign1 0 likely 
to be 9 e way advantage\s to ! c\ntry & 
favorable to ! int]e/s ( religion4      
,jagello1 ! pagan ,duke ( ,li?uania1 0 f
 8 proximity & ! ext5t ( 8 possessions  
7compris+ ,samogitia & a l>ge portion ( 
,russia ,footnote #da7 a =midable enemy 
to ,pol&4 ,fame 0 n sl[ 9 waft+ to 8 e>s
 rumors ( ! beauty & accompli%m5ts (    
,h$wige1 :i* be+ m ?an corroborat$ by   
ambassadors employ$ to asc]ta9 ! tru?1 !
 impetu\s ,jagello det]m9$ to secure !  
prize1 ev5 at ! co/ ( national          
indep5d5ce4 ,! idolatry ( ! ,li?uanians 
& ! e>ly betro?al ( ,h$wige to ,duke    
,william 7 ! *ief ob/acles ) :i* he _h  
to cont5d2 b1 aft] a brief #adg         
delib]ation1 an embassy 0 despat*$1     
head$ by ,skirgello1 bro!r to !         
gr&-duke1 & be>+ ! mo/ co/ly pres5ts2   

,jagello himself be+ ) difficulty       
dissuad$ f accompany+ !m 9 p]son4 ,!    
envoys 7 admitt$ into ! pres5ce ( !     
c\ncil1 at :i* ! que5 h]self presid$1 & 
! pr9ce proce$$ to lay be=e ! a/oni%$   
nobles ! (f]s ( ! b>b>ian suitor1 (f]s  
too tempt+ to be weigh$ 9 ! balance     
aga9/ su* a trifle z a girl's happ9ess1 
or ! violation ( :at ^! ov]be>+         
politicians 7 pleas$ to t]m a m]e *ildi%
 engagem5t1 contract$ be=e ! p>ties 7   
able to judge = !mselves4 ,aft] a long  
h>angue1 9 :i* ,skirgello repres5t$ h[  
va9ly ! mo/ illu/ri\s pot5tates & ! mo/ 
p[]ful rul]s _h hi!rto endeavor$ to     
effect ! conv]sion ( ,li?uania1 he (f]$ 
z a tribute to ! *>ms ( ! que5 t        
,jagello & 8 bro!rs1 toge!r ) ! pr9ces1 
lords1 & p ( ,li?uania & ,samogitia1    
%\ld at once embrace ! ,ca?olic fai?2 t 
all ! ,*ri/ian captives %\ld be re/or$  
unransom$2 & ! :ole ( _! ext5sive       
dom9ions be incorporat$ ) ,pol&2 !      
gr&-duke also pl$g+ himself to reconqu] 
= t c\ntry ,pom]ania1 ,silesia1 & :atev]

 o!r t]ritories _h be5 torn f ,pol& by  
neighbor+ /ates2 &1 f9ally1 promis+ to  
make good to ! ,poles ! sum ( two hundr$
 ?\s& flor9s1 :i* _h be5 s5t to ,william
 ( ,au/ria z ! d[ry =feit$ by !         
non-fulfilm5t ( ! engagem5t ent]$ into  
by _! late k+ ,lewis4 ,a murmur (       
applause at ?is unprec$5t$ g5]osity ran 
?r\gh ! assembly2 ! nobles hail$ !      
prospect ( s unlook$-= an augm5tation ( 
national p[] & security2 & ! bi%ops c\ld
 n b rejoice at ! prospect ( rescu+ s _m
 s\ls f ! d>kness ( hea!nism1 & secur+  
at "o & ! same "t ! propagation ( !     
,ca?olic fai? & ! peace ( ,pol&4 ,b !   
que5 h]self %>$ n ^! feel+s (           
satisfaction3 no soon] _h ,skirgello    
ceas$ ?an %e />t$ f h] seat1 ca/ a ha/y 
glance r\nd ! assembly1 &1 z if read+ h]
 fate 9 ! c\nt5ances ( ! nobles1 buri$  
h] face 9 h] h&s & bur/ into a flood (  
te>s4 ,all attempts to soo! & pacify h] 
7 9 va93 9 a /ra9 ( passionate eloqu5ce1
 :i* 0 n )\t its effect1 %e plead$ h]   
affection = ,duke ,william1 ! sacr$     

nature ( ! engagem5t by :i* %e 0 pl$g$  
to become 8 wife1 po9t$ to ! r+ on h]   
f+]1 & rem9d$ an ag$ prelate :o _h      
accompani$ h] f ,hung>y t he _h himself 
witness$ _! be+ laid 9 ! same cradle at 
! c]emony ( _! betro?al4 ,x 0 impossible
 to behold unmov$ ! angui% ( s g5tle a  
creature2 n a few ( ! y\ng] *iefta9s    
esp\s$ ! cause ( _! sov]eign2 &1 at !   
urg5t solicitation ( ,h$wige1 x 0 f9ally
 det]m9$ t ! ,li?uanian ambassadors1    
accompani$ by ?ree ,poli% nobles1 %\ld  
repair to ,buda = ! purpose ( consult+  
h] "m1 ! ,que5 ( ,hung>y4    ,footnote  
#da3 ,! t]ritories ( _m ( ! ,russian or 
,ru!nian   dukes :i* 7 conqu]$ by !     
,li?uanian pagans4   ,b ,elizabe?1 ?\gh 
inaccessible to ! temptations ( worldly 
ambition1 0 too pi\s1 too self-d5y+1 to 
all[ mat]nal affection to prepond]ate   
ov] ! int]e/s ( religion4 ,aw>e t !     
betro?al ( h] daught] to ! ,duke (      
,au/ria _h nev] be5 r5ew$ f ! "t ( _!   
infancy1 %e1 )\t a mom5t's hesitation1  
repli$ t1 = h] own "p1 %e desir$ no?+1 b

 t ! que5 ought to sacrifice e human    
feel+ = ! glory ( ,*ri/ianity & ! welf>e
 ( ,pol&4 ,to ,h$wige h]self %e wrote   
affectionately1 ?\gh firmly1 bidd+ h]   
lay e natural incl9ation at ! foot ( !  
cross1 & desir+ h] to praise t ,god :o  
_h *os5 s unwor?y an in/rum5t z ! means 
by :i* ! pure spl5dor ( ,ca?olicity %\ld
 p5etrate ! d>kness ( ,li?uania & ! o!r 
pagan nations4 ,elizabe? 0 aw>e #adh ( !
 real p[] ( religion ov] ! m9d ( h]     
*ild1 & d\bt$ n b t1 aft] ! fir/ p>oxysm
 ( grief _h subsid$1 %e %\ld be able to 
ov]come by its means ! viol5ce ( h]     
daught]'s repugnance to ! propos$       
measure4 ,9 ord] to give a color (      
imp>tiality to _! proce$+s1 a diet 0    
convok$ at ,crac[1 imm$iately on !      
return ( ! embassy1 to delib]ate on !   
relative claims ( ,jagello1 ,william (  
,au/ria1 & ! ,dukes ( ,mazovia &        
,oppel51 all ( :om aspir$ to ! h& (     
,h$wige & ! cr[n ( ,pol&4 ,! discussion 
0 long & /ormy1 = among/ ^? nobles m    
imm$iately ar\nd ! que5's p]son !re 7   

_m1 includ+ a l>ge body ( ecclesia/ics1 
:o1 al?\gh conv9c$ t no lawful imp$im5t 
exi/$ to ! m>riage1 yet %rank f !       
cruelty ( unit+ ! g5tle pr9cess to a    
b>b>ian2 & ^! fail$ n to insi/ ^u !     
insult :i* w\ld be impli$ by su* a *oice
 to ! native ,ca?olic pr9ces4 ,!        
majority1 h[ev]1 7 ( a diff]5t op9ion1 &
 at ! close ( ! diet x 0 decid$ t an    
ambassador %\ld be despat*$ to ,jagello1
 invit+ him to ,crac[ = ! purpose (     
cont9u+ ! negotiations 9 8 own p]son4 ,b
 ,william ( ,au/ria 0 too secure 9 !    
ju/ice ( 8 cause & ! affection ( 8      
betro!d to resign 8 pret5sions )\t an   
ef=t2 & 8 ardor be+ by no means dim9i%$ 
by a lett] :i* he receiv$ f ! que5      
h]self1 implor+ him to ha/5 to h]       
assi/ance1 he plac$ himself at ! head ( 
a num]\s ret9ue1 &1 ) a treasure by :i* 
he hop$ to pur*ase ! good-w ( ! adv]se  
faction1 appe>$ s sudd5ly at ,crac[ z to
 deprive 8 oppon5ts ( _!                
self-possession4 ,! det]m9ation (       
,h$wige to unite h]self to ! object ( h]

 e>ly & deep affection 0 l\dly express$1
 &1 z !re 7 _m p[]ful lead]s--among     
o!rs1 ,gniewosz1 ,vice-*amb]la9 (       
,crac[--:o esp\s$ h] cause1 & ralli$    
r\nd ,duke ,william1 ! ,poli% nobles1 n 
d>+ op5ly to oppose _! sov]eign1 7 on ! 
po9t ( ab&on+ ! cause ( ,jagello1 :5    
,dobeslas1 ,ca/ella9 ( ,crac[1 "o ( !   
/aun*e/ support]s ( ! ,li?uanian        
alliance1 resolv$ at any risk to prev5t 
! meet+ ( ! lov]s1 & actually w5t s f> z
 to refuse ! "y pr9ce admission into !  
ca/le1 :]e ! que5 at ! "t 0 resid+1 n   
only draw+ 8 sword1 b dragg+ ! duke )   
him ov] ! drawbridge1 :i* he comm&$ to  
be imm$iately l[]$4 ,william1 ?us       
repuls$1 fix$ 8 qu>t]s at ! ,franciscan 
mona/]y2 & ,h$wige1 fir$ by ! insult1   
rode =? accompani$ by a *os5 body (     
knights & h] female att5dants1 det]m9$  
by ! completion ( h] m>riage to place an
 insup]able b> betwe5 h] & ,jagello4  ,9
 ! refectory ( ! mona/]y1 ! que5 & !    
pr9ce at l5g? met2 &1 aft] sev]al h\rs  
sp5t 9 consid]+ h[ be/ to av]t !        

sep>ation ) :i* !y 7 ?reat5$1 x 0       
arrang$ t ,william %\ld introduce       
himself privately into ! ca/le ( ,crac[1
 :]e !y 7 to be unit$ by ! que5's       
confessor4 ,"s "t elaps$ be=e ?is plan  
c\ld be c>ri$ into execution2 = al?\gh  
ev5 ,dobeslas hesitat$ to conf9e 8      
sov]eign )9 h] own palace1 ! ca/le gates
 7 kept %ut aga9/ ! entrance ( ! ,duke (
 ,au/ria4 ,exasp]at$ at ?is cont9u$     
opposition1 & h] affection augm5t$ by ! 
pres5ce ( its object1 f :om ! arrival1  
daily expect$1 ( ,jagello w\ld divide h]
 = ev]1 ,h$wige det]m9$ to admit ! pr9ce
 disguis$ z "o ( h] h\sehold1 & a day 0 
accord+ly fix$ = ! execution ( ?is      
romantic project4 ,by "s means or o!r ! 
:ole plan came to ! k ( ! vigilant      
ca/ella92 ! adv5tur\s pr9ce 0 seiz$ 9 a 
passage lead+ to ! royal ap>tm5ts1 load$
 ) insult1 & driv5 f ! palace1 )9 !     
walls ( :i* ! que5 n[ f\nd h]self a     
prison]4 #adi ,x 0 9 va9 %e wept1 &     
implor$ to be all[$ to see h] betro!d   
once m1 if only to bid him f>ewell2 h]  

lett]s 7 int]cept$1 h] att5dants became 
spies on h] movem5ts1 &1 on ! "y pr9ce  
pres5t+ himself be=e ! gates1 8 life 0  
?reat5$ by ! b>ons :o rema9$ )9 !       
=tress4 ,?is 0 too mu*2 al>m$ = h]      
lov]'s safety1 indignant at ! re/ra9t to
 :i* %e 0 subject$1 ! passion ( ! girl  
triumph$ ov] ! dignity ( ! sov]eign4    
,quitt+ h] ap>tm5t1 %e hurri$ to ! great
 gate1 :i*1 z %e appreh5d$1 0 secur$ 9  
su* a mann] z to baffle all h] ef=ts2   
trembl+ ) fe>1 & eag] only to effect h] 
escape1 %e call$ = a hat*et1 &1 rais+ x 
) bo? h&s1 repeat$ly /ruck ! locks &    
bolts t prev5t$ h] egress4 ,! *ildi%    
simplicity ( ! attempt1 ! agony depict$ 
9 ! beautiful & innoc5t c\nt5ance ( _!  
mi/ress1 s t\*$ ! he>ts ( ! rude        
soldi]y1 t1 b = _! dread ( ! nobles1    
,h$wige w\ld ?r\gh _! means h effect$ h]
 purpose4 ,z x 01 !y (f]$ no opposition1
 b /ood 9 m\rnful & respectful sil5ce2  
:5 ! v5]able ,demetrius1 gr&-treasur] ( 
! k+dom1 approa*$1 & fall+ on 8 knees1  
implor$ h] to be calm1 & to sacrifice h]

 own happ9ess1 if n to ! wi%es ( h]     
subjects & ! welf>e ( h] c\ntry1 at lea/
 to ! int]e/s ( religion4 ,at ! sight ( 
t ag$ man1 ^: ?9 :ite hairs & sorr[ful  
c\nt5ance inspir$ bo? rev]5ce &         
affection1 ! que5 paus$1 &1 giv+ him h] 
h&1 bur/ into an agony ( te>s2 !n1      
hurry+ to h] oratory1 %e ?rew h]self on 
! gr\nd be=e an image ( ! ,bless$       
,virg91 :]e1 aft] a %>p int]ior         
conflict1 %e succe$$ 9 resign+ h]self to
 :at %e n[ believ$ to be ! w (          
,god--embrac+ = 8 sake ! heavy cross :i*
 %e 0 to be> = ! rema9d] ( h] life4     
,mean:ile ,duke ,william1 to escape !   
v5geance ( ! wra?ful b>ons1 0 compell$  
to quit ,pol&1 leav+ 8 n[ useless weal? 
9 ! *>ge ( ! vice-*amb]la91 :o /ill     
app>5tly cont9u$ 8 fri5d4 ,n long aft] 8
 dep>ture1 ,jagello1 at ! head ( a      
num]\s army1 & att5d$ by 8 two bro!rs1  
cross$ ! fronti]s1 det]m9$1 z x seem$1  
to prosecute 8 suit4 ,at ! fir/ rumor ( 
8 approa*1 ! mo/ p[]ful & influ5tial    
among ! nobles repair$ to ,crac[1 :]e   

pray]s1 remon/rances1 & ev5 m5aces 7    
employ$ to induce ! que5 to accept ! h& 
( ! b>b>ian pr9ce4 ,b to all _! eloqu5ce
 ,h$wige turn$ a deaf e>3 9 va9 did     
ag5ts1 despat*$ = ! purpose1 repres5t ! 
duke z h&some 9 p]son1 pr9cely &        
dignifi$ 9 mann]2 h] consci5ce 0 tr\bl$1
 duty _h enli/$ on ! same side z feel+1 
& ! conte/ aga9 comm5c$4 ,sett+         
incl9ation aside1 h[ d>$ %e break !     
solemn compact %e _h made ) ! ,duke (   
,au/ria8 ,%e p]si/$ 9 reg>d+ h] propos$ 
m>riage ) ,jagello z no?+ %ort ( an act 
( crim9al infidelity2 &1 indep5d5tly ( !
 affliction ( h] he>t1 h] s\l became a  
prey to ! mo/ viol5t remorse4 ,to obta9 
! cons5t ( ,duke ,william to _!         
sep>ation 0 ( c\rse out ( ! "q2 & be=e !
 puzzl$ c\ncil c\ld arrive at any       
decision1 ,jagello ent]$ ,crac[1 m 9 !  
/yle ( a conqu]or ?an a suitor1 &       
repair$ at once to ! ca/le1 :]e he f\nd 
! que5 surr\nd$ by a c\rt surpass+ 9    
beauty & magnific5ce all t 8 imag9ation 
_h pictur$4 ,pale z %e 0 f ! int5sity ( 

h] suff]+s1 he 0 dazzl$1 almo/ bewild]$1
 by ! *ildlike innoc5ce & w9n+ lovel9ess
 ( ,h$wige2 & 8 admiration 0 express$ ! 
foll[+ day by ! rev5ues ( a prov9ce be+ 
laid at h] feet 9 ! %ape ( jewels &     
robes ( ! mo/ co/ly description4 ,b !   
que5 0 m obdurate ?an ev]4 ,) h] k &    
cons5t ,duke ,william _h return$ to     
,crac[1 ?\gh compell$ #aej to resort to 
a v>iety ( disguises to escape ! fury ( 
! b>ons1 n[ det]m9$ to put an end to 8  
pret5sions & 8 exi/5ce toge!r2 & x is   
said t1 9 ord] to avoid 8 indefatigable 
enemy1 ,dobeslas1 he 0 once compell$ to 
seek refuge 9 a l>ge *imney4 ,=c$       
ev5tually to quit ! capital )\t see+    
,h$wige1 he /ill loit]$ 9 ! environs2   
nor did he return to ,au/ria until h]   
m>riage ) ,jagello t]m9at$ ^? hopes :i* 
he _h *]i%$ f 8 e>lie/ infancy4 ,9 ord] 
to quiet ! que5's religi\s scruples1 a  
lett] is said to h arriv$ f ,rome1 9    
:i*1 aft] pron\nc+ t ! e>ly betro?al    
involv$ no imp$im5t to ! m>riage1 !     
,holy ,fa!r plac$ be=e h] ! m]its ( !   

(f]+ %e 0 call$ ^u to make1 rem9d+ h] ( 
! torm5ts s *e]fully suff]$ by ! e>ly   
m>tyrs = ! honor ( ,god1 & call+ ^u h]  
to imitate _! example4 ,?is /atem5t1    
h[ev]1 is n suffici5tly au!nticat$4     
,aft] ! sev]e/ int]ior trials1 days sp5t
 9 te>s1 fa/+1 & ! mo/ e>ne/ petitions  
to ! ?rone ( ,div9e grace1 ! que5       
receiv$ /r5g? to consummate ! sacrifice 
dem&$ f h]4 ,naturally ard5t &          
impulsive1 & at an age :5 e s5tim5t is  
fre%e/ & mo/ ke51 %e 0 call$ ^u to      
extirpate f h] he>t an affection n only 
deep b legitimate1 to inflict a w\nd on 
! object ( h] t5d]e/ love1 &1 f9ally1 to
 transf] h] devotion to "o :om %e _h    
hi!rto reg>d$ ) feel+s ( unqualifi$     
av]sion4 ,! pa? ( highe/1 because       
self-sacrific+ duty1 once cle> be=e h]1 
%e det]m9$ to act ) g5]osity t[>d a ,god
 f :om %e _h receiv$ s mu*3 h] beauty1  
tal5ts1 ! virtues ) :i* %e 0 adorn$1 7 s
 _m preci\s gifts to be plac$ at !      
disposal ( him by :om !y _h be5 be/[$4  
,cov]+ h]self ) a ?ick black veil1 %e   

proce$$ on foot to ! ca!dral ( ,crac[1  
&1 repair+ to "o ( ! side *apels1 ?rew  
h]self on h] knees1 :]e = ?ree h\rs1 )  
clasp$ h&s & /ream+ eyes1 %e wre/l$ ) ! 
viol5t feel+ t /ruggl$ 9 h] bosom4 ,at  
l5g? %e rose ) a deta*$ he>t1 hav+ laid 
at ! foot ( ! cross h] affections1 h] w1
 h] hopes ( e>?ly happ9ess2 (f]+ h]self1
 & all t belong$ to h]1 z a p]petual    
holocau/ to h] crucifi$ ,r$eem]1 &      
e/eem+ h]self happy s t by ?is sacrifice
 %e might pur*ase ! salvation ( ^?      
preci\s s\ls = :om he _h %$ 8 blood4    
,be=e leav+ ! *apel %e ca/ h] veil ov] !
 crucifix1 hop+ "u t pall to bury all ( 
human infirmity t might /ill l+] r\nd h]
 he>t1 & !n ha/5$ to e/abli% a f\ndation
 = ! p]petual r5ewal ( ?is type ( h]    
s\l's sorr[4 ,?is f\ndation yet exi/s3  
)9 ! same *apel ! crucifix /ill /&s1    
cov]$ by its sable drap]y1 be+ commonly 
kn[n z ! ,crucifix ( ,h$wige4  ,! que5's
 cons5t to ! ,li?uanian alliance ende>$ 
h] /ill m to ! he>ts ( h] subjects1 :o  
reg>d$ h] z a m>tyr to ! peace ( ,pol&4 

,on ! #ad? ( ,febru>y1 #achf1 h] m>riage
 0 celebrat$ ) becom+ solemnity1        
,jagello hav+ previ\sly receiv$ !       
sacram5t ( baptism2 %ortly aft]w>d he 0 
cr[n$1 9 ! pres5ce ( ,h$wige1 "u 8      
,*ri/ian "n ( ,wladislas1 :i* he _h tak5
 9 def]5ce to ! wi%es ( ! ,poles4 ,!    
unassum+ piety1 g5tle disposition1 &    
great le>n+ ( ! "y que5 comm&$ at once !
 respect & admiration ( h] husb&4 ,s    
great1 inde$1 0 8 op9ion ( h] prud5ce1  
t1 be+ oblig$ to m>* into ,upp] ,pol& to
 cru% ! rebellion ( ! ,palat9e (        
,posnia1 he took h] ) him 9 ! capacity (
 m$iatrix betwe5 himself & ! disaffect$ 
lead]s :o _h = mon?s desolat$ t prov9ce4
 ,?is mission ( m]cy 0 mo/ acceptable to
 ,h$wige2 aft] ! example ( ! sa9t$ #aea 
,elizabe? ( ,hung>y1 h] g5]osity t[>d ! 
wid[s1 orphans1 & ^? :o _h lo/ _!       
sub/ance 9 ?is deva/at+ w>1 0 b\ndless2 
:il/ m9i/]+ to _! wants1 %e fail$ n1 at 
! same "t1 to sympa?ize ) _! di/ress2 &1
 l an angel ( peace1 %e w\ld /& betwe5  
h] husb& & ! objects ( 8 indignation4   

,on "o occasion1 to supply ! necessities
 ( ! c\rt1 s heavy a contribution _h be5
 laid ^u ! peasants t _! cattle did n   
escape2 wat*+ _! opportunity1 !y1 ) _!  
wives & *ildr51 ?rew !mselves 9 ! que5's
 pa?1 fill+ ! air ) _! cries1 & conjur+ 
h] to prev5t _! utt] ru94 ,h$wige1      
deeply affect$1 dism\nt$ f h] palfrey1  
&1 kneel+ by _! side1 bes\ght h] husb& n
 to sanction s flagrant an act (        
oppression2 & :5 ! satisfi$ peasants    
retir$ fully indemnifi$ = _! loss1 %e is
 said to h exclaim$1 ,_! cattle are     
re/or$1 b :o w recomp5se !m = _! te>s8  
,hav+ r$uc$ ! c\ntry to ob$i5ce1 x 0 "t 
= ,wladislas to turn 8 att5tion to 8    
,li?uanian t]ritories1 m especially     
,russia ,nigra1 :i*1 al?\gh gov]n$ by   
its own pr9ces1 0 compell$ to d homage  
to ! h\se ( ,jagello4 ,pom]ania1 :i* by 
8 m>riage articles he 0 pl$g$ to recov] 
= ,pol&1 _h be5 usurp$ by ! ,teutonic   
,knights1 :o1 s5sible ) h[ =midable an  
oppon5t !y _h to cont5d1 endeavor$ to   
fru/rate 8 int5tions1 fir/ by c>ry+ fire

 & sword into ,li?uania1 & !n by excit+ 
a revolution 9 favor ( ,duke ,&rew1 to  
:om1 z well z to ! hea!n nobles1 !      
alliance 7by :i* _! c\ntry 0 r5d]$      
dep5d5t on ,pol&7 0 displeas+4 ,olg]d1 !
 fa!r ( ,wladislas1 0 a fi]ce pagan1 & 8
 ?irte5 sons1 if we except ! eld]1      
inh]it$ 8 cruelty1 trea*]y1 & rapacity4 
,! promis$ revolution 9 religion 0      
(f5sive to ! majority ( ! p2 &1 to _!   
%ame be x spok51 ! ,teutonic ,knights   
7^: ord] 0 fir/ e/abli%$ to def5d !     
,*ri/ian fai? aga9/ ! assaults (        
infidels7 scrupl$ n to adopt a crook$   
policy1 &1 by incit+ ! ,li?uanians aga9/
 _! sov]eign1 ?rew e imp$im5t 9 ! way ( 
_! conv]sion4 ,be=e ! k+ _h any         
suspicion ( 8 int5tions1 ! gr&-ma/] _h  
cross$ ! fronti]s1 ! du*y 0 laid wa/e1 &
 _m important =tresses 7 already 9 ! h&s
 ( ! ord]4  ,wladislas1 !n abs5t 9 ,upp]
 ,pol&1 despat*$ ,skirgello into        
,li?uania1 :o1 ?\gh haughty1 lic5ti\s1 &
 rev5geful1 0 a brave & skilful g5]al4  
,duke ,&rew fl$ be=e ! =ces ( 8 bro!r1 &

 ! latt] attack$ ! ,knights ) an        
impetuosity t compell$ !m spe$ily to    
evacuate _! conque/s4 ,! arrival ( ! k+1
 ) a numb] ( le>n$ prelates1 & a l>ge   
body ( cl]gy1 prov$ he 0 q 9 e>ne/      
reg>d+ ! conv]sion ( 8 subjects1 hi!rto 
imm]s$ 9 ! grosse/ & mo/ degrad+        
idolatry4 ,trees1 s]p5ts1 vip]s1 7 !    
inf]ior objects ( _! adoration2 gloomy  
=e/s & damp cav]ns _! temples2 & ! mo/  
disgu/+ & v5om\s reptiles 7 *]i%$ 9 e   
family z h\sehold gods4 ,b1 z ) ! ea/]n 
,magi1 fire 0 ! pr9cipal object ( !     
,li?uanian wor%ip2 prie/s 7 appo9t$ ^:  
(fice x 0 to t5d ! sacr$ flame1 _! lives
 pay+ ! p5alty if x 7 all[$ to expire4  
,at ,wilna1 ! capital ( ! du*y1 0 a     
temple ( ! sun2 & %\ld t lum9>y *ance to
 be eclips$1 or ev5 cl\d$1 ! p fl$ ?i!r 
9 ! utmo/ t]ror1 eag] to appease ! deity
 by riv]s ( human blood1 :i* p\r$ =? at 
! comm& ( ! ,ziutz1 or high prie/1 !    
victims vy+ ) ea* o!r 9 ! sev]ity ( _!  
self-inflict$ torm5ts4  ,z ! mo/        
effectual me?od ( at once remov+ !      

errors ( ?is infatuat$ p1 ,wladislas    
ord]$ ! =e/s to be cut d[n1 ! s]p5ts to 
#aeb be cru%$ "u ! feet ( 8 soldi]s1 &1 
aft] ext+ui%+ ) 8 own h& ! sacr$ fires1 
he caus$ ! temples to be demoli%$2 ?us  
demon/rat+ to ! ,li?uanians ! impot5cy (
 _! gods4 ,) ! c[>dice ev] att5dant on  
ignorance & sup]/ition1 ! pagans ca/    
!mselves ) _! faces to ! e>?1 expect+ to
 see ! sacrilegi\s /rang]s bla/$ by !   
p[] ( ! pr(an$ elem5t2 b1 no su* results
 foll[+1 !y gradually lo/ confid5ce 9 _!
 deities1 & ( _! own free w desir$ to be
 in/ruct$ 9 ! doctr9es ( ,*ri/4 ,_!     
!ological k 0 necess>ily conf9$ to !    
,"l's ,pray] & ! ,cre$1 & a day 0 fix$ =
 ! comm5cem5t ( ! c]emony ( baptism4 ,z1
 on acc\nt ( ! numb] ( cate*um5s1 x 0   
impossible to adm9i/] ! sacram5t to ea* 
individual sep>ately1 ! nobles & _!     
families1 aft] leav+ ! sacr$ font1      
prep>$ to act z sponsors to ! p1 :o1 be+
 divid$ into gr\ps ( ei!r sex1 7 spr9kl$
 by ! bi%ops & prie/s1 e division       
receiv+ ! same "n4  ,h$wige _h          

accompani$ h] husb& to ,li?uania1 & 0   
gratifi$ by witness+ ! zeal ) :i* he    
assi/$ ! prie/s 9 _! ardu\s und]tak+2   
:il/ ,wladislas1 aw>e ( ! value ( 8 "y  
auxili>y1 0 n disappo9t$ by ! degree (  
en?usia/ic v5]ation ) :i* ! new         
,*ri/ians reg>d$ ! sov]eign :o1 at ! age
 ( sixte51 _h conf]r$ ^u !m peace & !   
light ( ! true fai?4 ,h$wige 0 admirably
 adapt$ = ?is task3 9 h] "* !re 0 no    
alloy ( passion1 pride1 or frivolity2 an
 enemy to ! luxury & pomp :i* h] sex &  
rank might h seem$ to w>rant1 h] fa/s 7 
rigid & h] bodily mortifications sev]e4 
,nei!r did h] f]vor abate dur+ h] soj\rn
 9 ! du*y4 ,by h] pr(use lib]ality !    
ca!dral ( ,/4 ,/anislas ( ,wilna 0      
complet$4 ,nor did %e neglect ! o!r     
*ur*es & religi\s f\ndations :i*1 by h] 
advice1 h] husb& comm5c$ 9 ! pr9cipal   
cities ( 8 k+dom4 ,be=e quitt+          
,li?uania1 ! que5's he>t 0 wrung by !   
intellig5ce %e receiv$ ( a dome/ic      
trag$y ( ! deepe/ dye4 ,h] "m1 ! holy & 
virtu\s ,elizabe? ( ,hung>y1 _h dur+ a  

popul> insurrection be5 put to a cruel  
dea?2 :il/ h] si/] ,m>ia1 :o _h fall5   
into ! p[] ( ! rebel nobles1 hav+ n>r[ly
 escap$ ! same fate1 0 conf9$ 9 an      
isolat$ =tress1 subject to ! mo/ rigor\s
 & ignom9i\s treatm5t4  ,paganism be+ at
 l5g? ?or\ghly root$ out ( ,li?uania1 a 
bi%opric firmly e/abli%$ at ,wilna1 & ! 
sev5 p>i%es 9 its vic9ity amply suppli$ 
) ecclesia/ics1 ,wladislas1 prep>atory  
to 8 return to ,pol&1 appo9t$ 8 bro!r   
,skirgello vic]oy ( ! du*y4 ,?is 0 a    
fatal error4 ,! pr\d b>b>ians1 little   
dispos$ to dep5d5ce on a c\ntry !y _h   
be5 accu/om$ to despoil at pleasure1    
wri!d "u ! yoke ( ! fi]ce tyrant1 ^:    
rule soon became odi\s1 & ^: vices 7    
r5d]$ m app>5t by ! contra/ :i* 8 "*    
pres5t$ to t ( 8 c\s9 ,vit[da1 :om1 z a 
*eck ^u 8 well-kn[n f]ocity1 ,wladislas 
_h designat$ z 8 colleague4 ,sc>cely _h 
! c\rt return$ to ,pol&1 :5 ! "y pr9ce1 
amiable1 brave1 & g5]\s1 by oppos+ 8    
c\s9's unju/ & cruel actions1 drew ^u   
himself ! v5geance ( ! latt]1 &1 9 ord] 

to save 8 life1 0 oblig$ to seek refuge 
9 ,pom]ania1 f :5ce1 z 8 honor &        
patriotism alike =bade 8 assi/+ !       
,teutonic ,knights 9 _! designs ^u 8    
c\ntry1 he appli$ to ! k+ = protection4 
,wladislas1 ( a weak & jeal\s           
disposition1 01 h[ev]1 at ! "t too mu*  
occupi$ 9 att5d+ to f\l calumnies utt]$ 
aga9/ ! spotless virtue ( 8 que5 to give
 he$ to ! application4 ,not)/&+ !       
prud5ce ( h] g5]al conduct1 & #aec !    
t5d] devotion ev9c$ by ,h$wige t[>d h]  
husb&1 ! admiration :i* h] beauty &     
sweetness ( disposition comm&$ f all :o 
approa*$ h] 0 a cont9ual ?orn 9 8 side4 
,h] =m] love = ! ,duke ( ,au/ria &      
repugnance to himself haunt$ him night &
 day1 until he actually conceiv$        
suspicions injuri\s to h] fidelity4 ,9 !
 pollut$ atmosph]e ( a c\rt !re 7 n     
want+ ^? :o1 = _! own aggr&izem5t1 7    
base en\gh to resort to falsehood 9 ord]
 to de/roy an influ5ce at :i* ! wick$   
alone _h cause to tremble4 ,x 0 :isp]$ 9
 ! e> ( ! un=tunate mon>* t 8 que5 _h   

held frequ5t1 & ( c\rse cl&e/9e1        
int]views ) ,duke ,william1 until1 half 
frantic1 he "o day publicly reproa*$ h]1
 &1 turn+ to ! assembl$ bi%ops1 wildly  
dem&$ a divorce4 ,! pr\d nobles         
indignantly int]pos$1 _m a blade rattl$ 
9 its %ea?1 eag] to v9dicate ! innoc5ce 
( "o :o1 9 _! eyes1 0 purity itself2 b  
,h$wige calmly arose1 & ) matronly      
dignity dem&$ ! "n ( h] accus]1 & a     
solemn trial1 accord+ to ! cu/om ( h]   
c\ntry4 ,!re 0 a dead sil5ce1 a pause2 &
 !n1 trembl+ & aba%$ be=e ! virtue he _h
 malign$1 ! ,vice-*amb]la9 ,gniewosz1   
be=e m5tion$ z ! fri5d ( ,duke ,william 
7^: weal? he _h n fail$ to appropriate71
 /epp$ reluctantly =w>d4 ,a murmur (    
surprise & wra? res\nd$ ?r\gh !         
c\ncil-*amb]3 _m a sword 0 drawn1 z ?\gh
 eag] = ! blood ( ! (f5d]2 b !          
ecclesia/ics hav+ at l5g? calm$ !       
tumult1 ! case 0 appo9t$ to be judg$ at 
! diet ( ,wislica4  ,! que5's innoc5ce 0
 affirm$ on oa? by h]self & h] :ole     
h\sehold1 aft] :i* ! ca/ella91 ,john    

,t5czynski1 ) twelve knights ( noble    
blood & unsulli$ honor1 solemnly swore  
to ! falsehood ( ! accusation1 &1 ?r[+  
d[n _! gauntlets1 defi$ to mortal combat
 all :o %\ld ga9say _! ass]tion4 ,none1 
h[ev]1 appe>$ to d battle 9 s bad a     
cause2 & ! convict$ traitor1 sil5c$ &   
conf\nd$1 sank on 8 knees1 confess$ 8   
guilt1 & implor$ ! m]cy ( h] he _h s    
f\lly asp]s$4 ,! s5ate1 9 def]5ce to !  
wi%es ( ,h$wige1 sp>$ 8 life2 b he 0    
compell$ to cr\* "u a b5*1 imitate !    
b>k+ ( a dog1 & decl>e t1 l t animal1 he
 _h d>$ to sn>l aga9/ 8 *a/e & virtu\s  
sov]eign4  ,footnote #db ,?is done1 he 0
 depriv$ ( 8 (fice1 & bani%$ ! c\rt2 &  
,wladislas ha/5$ to beg ! =giv5ess ( 8  
injur$ wife4    ,footnote #db3 ,?is 0 a 
portion ( ! puni%m5t specially aw>d$    
by ! p5al code ( ,pol& to ! crime (     
calumny4 ,l _m o!r   puni%m5ts ( ^?     
ages1 x 0 symbolical 9 its "*4 7,see   !
 valuable "w ( ,alb]t du ,boys1 ,hi/oire
 du ,droit ,crim9el des   ,peuples      
,mod]nes1 liv4 ii42 *ap4 vii47 ,simil>  

p5alties _h be5   common 9 ,pol& f e>ly 
times4 ,?us we f9d ,boloslas ! ,great   
invit+ to a banquet & vapor ba? nobles  
:o _h be5 guilty (   "s transgression2  
aft] ! ba? he adm9i/]$ a pat]nal        
repro( & ca/igation4 ,h5ce ! ,poli%     
prov]b1 to give a p]son   a ba?4        
,mean:ile ,pr9ce ,vit[da1 despair+ (    
assi/ance & press$ on all sides1 aft]   
mu* hesitation jo9$ ! ,teutonic ,knights
 9 an incursion aga9/ ,li?uania4 ,!     
c\ntry 0 invad$ by a num]\s army1 !     
capital tak5 by /orm1 ab&on$ to pillage1
 & f9ally de/roy$ by fire2 no less ?an  
f\rte5 ?\s& ( ! inhabitants p]i%+ 9 !   
flames1 beside numb]s :o 7 massacr$ )\t 
di/9ction ( sex or age4 ,=tunately !    
upp] city 0 g>rison$ by ,poles1 :o      
det]m9$ to hold out to ! la/4 ,! slight 
=tifications 7 spe$ily de/roy$2 b1 be+  
imm$iately repair$1 ! siege cont9u$ s   
long t ,skirgello _h "t to assemble an  
army be=e :i* ! besieg]s 7 ev5tually    
oblig$ to retreat4 ,vit[da1 n[ too      
deeply compromis$ to draw back1 ?\gh    

?w>t$ 9 8 designs on ,upp] ,wilna1 ga9$ 
possession ( _m ( ! fronti] t[ns1 &1    
enc\rag$ by success1 aim$ at no?+ less  
?an ! indep5d5t sov]eignty ( ,li?uania4 
,he 01 h[ev]1 oppos$ dur+ #aed two or   
?ree campaigns by ,wladislas p]son1     
until1 we>i$ ( ! w>1 ! k+ _h ! weakness 
n only to sue = peace1 b to inve/       
,vit[da ) ! gov]nm5t ( ! du*y4 ,?is1 z  
might be expect$1 gave great umbrage to 
,skirgello1 & to ano!r bro!r1           
,swidrigal1 s t ,li?uania1 ow+ to !     
ambition ( ! rival pr9ces1 became = "s  
"t ! !atre ( civil discord4  ,among h]  
o!r titles to admiration1 we mu/ n omit 
to m5tion t ,h$wige 0 a munific5t       
patroness ( le>n+4 ,%e ha/5$ to         
re-e/abli% ! college built by ,casimir  
,,ii41 f\nd$ & end[$ a magnific5t       
univ]sity at ,prague = ! education ( !  
,li?uanian y\?1 & sup]9t5d$ !           
translation ( ! ,holy ,scriptures into  
,poli%1 writ+ ) h] own h&s ! great] "p (
 ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,h] "w 0 int]rupt$    
dur+ h] husb&'s abs5ce by ! attack ( !  

,hung>ians on ! fronti]s ( ,pol&2 & x 0 
!n t1 lay+ aside ! weakness ( h] sex1 %e
 felt h]self call$ ^u to supply 8 place4
 ,a p[]ful army 0 levi$1 ( :i* ?is      
y\?ful h]o9e assum$ ! comm&1 direct+ !  
c\ncils ( ! g5]als1 & %>+ ! privations (
 ! meane/ soldi]4 ,:5 %e appe>$ on      
horseback 9 ! mid/ ( ! troops1 no?+ c\ld
 exce$ ! en?usiasm ( ^! h>dy w>riors2 & 
! simplicity ) :i* !y obey$ ! slighte/  
ord] ( _! que5 0 t\*+ 9 ! extreme4      
,h$wige l$ h] =ces into ,russia ,nigra1 
&1 p>tly by =ce ( arms1 p>tly by skilful
 negotiations1 succe$$ 9 reconqu]+ !    
:ole ( t va/ prov9ce1 :i* h] fa!r ,lewis
 _h deta*$ f ! ,poli% cr[n 9 ord] to    
unite x to t ( 8 belov$ ,hung>y4 ,?is   
act ( inju/ice 0 repair$ by 8 daught]1  
:o ?us ende>$ h] "n to ! memory (       
succe$+ g5]ations4 ,! conqu]+ army      
proce$$ to ,silesia1 !n usurp$ by !     
,duke ( ,oppel51 :]e !y 7 equally       
successful2 s t ,wladislas 0 indebt$ = !
 brighte/ trophies ( 8 reign to ! h]oism
 ( 8 wife4  ,enc\rag$ by h] pa/ success1

 he det]m9$ to reconduct h] into        
,li?uania1 9 hopes by h] means to settle
 ! diss5sions ( ! rival pr9ces4         
,accord+ly1 9 ! spr+ ( #acic1 !y proce$$
 ?i!r1 :5 ! disputants1 subdu$ by !     
irresi/ible *>m ( h] mann]s1 agre$ to   
ref] _! claims to h] arbitration4 ,( a  
solid & mature judgm5t1 ,h$wige succe$$ 
9 pacify+ !m2 & !n1 by mutual cons5t1 !y
 ent]$ into a solemn compact t 9 _!     
future diff]5ces1 in/ead ( resort+ to   
arms1 !y w\ld submit _! cause unres]v$ly
 to ! arbitration ( ! "y ,que5 ( ,pol&4 
,not)/&+ its re/oration to int]nal      
tranquillity1 ?is un=tunate du*y 0      
cont9ually laid wa/e by ! ,teutonic     
,knights2 & ,wladislas1 det]m9$ to haz>d
 all on "o decisive battle1 comm&$ =ces 
to be levi$ n only 9 ,li?uania1 b 9     
,pol&4 ,be=e ! prep>ations 7 complet$1  
an int]view 0 arrang$ to take place     
betwe5 ! k+ & ! gr&-ma/]1 ,conrad de    
,jung52 b ! nobility1 fe>+ le/ !        
irritable temp] ( ,wladislas w\ld prove 
an insurm\ntable ob/acle to all         

accommodation1 implor$ him to all[ !    
que5 to supply 8 place4 ,on 8 cons5t1   
,h$wige1 accompani$ by ! ecclesia/ics1 !
 b>ons1 & a magnific5t ret9ue1 proce$$  
to ! place ( r5dezv\s1 :]e %e 0 met by  
,conrad & ! pr9cipal knight-comm&]s ( ! 
ord]4 ,! t]ms %e propos$ 7 equitable1 & 
m l5i5t ?an ! ,teutonic ,knights _h any 
reason to expect2 b1 "u "o trifl+       
pretext or ano!r1 !y refus$ ! re/itution
 ( ! usurp$ t]ritories on :i* ! k+      
naturally insi/$1 & ! que5 0 at l5g?    
oblig$ to return1 prophesy+1 says !     
*ronicl]1 t1 aft] h] dea?1 _! p]v]sity  
w\ld receive its des]v$ puni%m5t at !   
h&s ( h] husb&4 ,h] pr$iction 0         
fulfill$4 ,"s ye>s aft]w>d1 on ! pla9s  
#aee betwe5 ,grunn]valdt & ,tann5b]g1 ! 
gr&-ma/]1 ) fifty ?\s& knights1 0 sla91 
& by ?is decisive victory ! ord] 0 plac$
 at ! m]cy ( ,pol&1 ?\gh1 f ! usual     
indecision ( its k+1 ! fruits ( ?is     
spl5did action 7 less ?an might h be5   
expect$4  ,until h] e>ly dea?1 ,h$wige  
cont9u$ ! gu>dian angel ( t belov$      

c\ntry = :i* %e _h made h] fir/ &       
greate/ sacrifice2 & x is likely t b =  
h] wat*fulness1 its int]e/s w\ld h be5  
frequ5tly compromis$ by ! ,li?uanian    
union4 ,act+ on ?is pr9ciple1 %e refus$ 
to recognize ! inve/iture ( h] husb&'s  
favorite1 ! ,palat9e ( ,crac[1 ) !      
p]petual fief ( ,podolia2 &1 undazzl$ by
 ! app>5t advantages (f]$ by an         
exp$ition aga9/ ! ,t>t>s head$ by !     
great ,tam]lane1 %e =bade ! ,poli%      
g5]als to take "p 9 a campaign :i*1 ow+ 
to ! ra%ness ( ,vit[da1 t]m9at$ s       
fatally4  ,x 0 %ortly aft] h]           
unsuccessful int]view ) ! ,teutonic     
,knights t1 by ! dea? ( h] si/] ,m>ia1 !
 cr[n ( ,hung>y 7:i* ought to h devolv$ 
on h] husb& ,sigismund7 became aga9 an  
object ( cont5tion4 ,! ,hung>ians1      
attract$ by ! report ( h] mod]ation1    
wisdom1 & ev5 milit>y skill--n an       
uncommon accompli%m5t 9 females ( ^?    
times--det]m9$ to (f] x to ,h$wige2 b h]
 bro!r-9-law1 tru/+ to h] s5se ( ju/ice1
 ha/5$ to ,crac[1 pray+ h] n to accept !

 proposal1 & e>ne/ly solicit+ h]        
alliance4 ,! que51 :om ambition _h no   
p[] to dazzle1 cons5t$1 & a treaty      
advantage\s to ,pol& 0 at once conclud$4
  ,h$wige 0 a good !ologian1 & well read
 9 ! fa!rs & doctors ( ! ,*ur*2 ! works 
( ,/4 ,b]n>d & ,/4 ,ambrose1 !          
revelations ( ,/4 ,bridget1 & ! s]mons (
 holy m51 be+ ! works 9 :i* %e mo/      
delight$4 ,9 ,*ur* music %e 0 an        
en?usia/2 & n long aft] ! completion ( !
 conv5t ( ! ,visitation1 :i* %e _h caus$
 to be erect$ ne> ! gates ( ,crac[1 %e  
f\nd$ ! ,b5$ict9e abbey ( ! ,holy       
,cross1 :]e (fice 0 daily recit$ 9 !    
,selavonian language1 aft] ! cu/om ( !  
ord] at ,prague4 ,%e also in/itut$ a    
college 9 honor ( ! ,bless$ ,virg91 :]e 
! ,psalms 7 daily *ant$1 aft] an improv$
 me?od1 by sixte5 canons4  ,x 0 t[>d !  
close ( ! ye> #acih t1 to ! great       
delight ( h] subjects1 x became evid5t t
 ! union ( ,wladislas & ,h$wige w\ld at 
l5g? be bless$ ) (fspr+4 ,to see ! ?rone
 fill$ by a desc5dant ( _! belov$       

sov]eign _h be5 ! de>e/ wi% ( ! ,poli%  
p1 & f]v5t _h be5 ! pray]s (f]$ = ?is   
ine/imable bless+4 ,! enraptur$         
,wladislas ha/5$ to imp>t 8 expect$     
happ9ess to mo/ ( ! ,*ri/ian k+s &      
pr9ces1 n =gett+ ! ,supreme ,pontiff1   
,boniface ,,ix41 by :om ! m]its ( ! "y  
que5 7 s well appreciat$ t1 six ye>s    
aft] h] accession1 he _h address$ to h] 
a lett]1 writt5 ) 8 own h&1 9 :i* he    
?ank$ h] = h] affectionate devotion to !
 ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 & in=m$ h] t1 al?\gh x 
0 impossible he c\ld acc$e to all !     
applications :i* might be transmitt$ to 
! ,holy ,see on behalf ( h] subjects1   
yet1 by h] adopt+ a confid5tial         
sign-manual1 ^? reque/s to :i* %e       
individually atta*$ importance %\ld be  
imm$iately grant$4 ,! ,holy ,fa!r ha/5$ 
to reply 9 ! w>me/ t]ms to ! k+'s       
communication1 promis+ to act z sponsor 
to ! *ild1 :o1 if a boy1 he desir$ might
 be nam$ aft] himself4  ,un=tunately1 "s
 "t be=e ! que5's deliv]y1 x became     
necess>y = h] husb& to quit ,crac[1 9   

ord] to direct an exp$ition aga9/ 8 old 
enemies ! ,teutonic ,knights4 ,dur+ 8   
abs5ce1 he wrote a long lett]1 9 :i*1   
aft] desir+ t ! happy ev5t might be     
att5d$ ) all possible magnific5ce1 he   
ent]$ #aef into a m9ute detail ( !      
devices & embroid]y to be us$ 9 !       
adornm5t ( ! b$ & *amb]1 p>ticul>ly     
reque/+ t ! drap]ies & hang+s might n   
lack gold1 pe>ls1 or preci\s /ones4 ,?is
 o/5tati\s display1 ?\gh excusable 9 a  
fond husb& & a p[]ful mon>* ab\t to     
behold ! completion ( 8 de>e/ wi%es1 0  
by no means 9 consonance ) ,h$wige's    
int5se love ( ,*ri/ian simplicity &     
pov]ty4 ,we f9d h] address+ to h] husb& 
^! few t\*+ words1 express+1 z ! result 
prov$1 t pres5tim5t ( h] approa*+ end   
:i* has (t5 be5 accord$ to sa9tly s\ls3 
,see+ t ,i h s long r5\nc$ ! pomps ( ?is
 _w1 x is n on t trea*]\s c\*--to s _m !
 b$ ( dea?--t ,i w\ld will+ly be        
surr\nd$ by _! glitt]4 ,x is n by ! help
 ( gold or gems t ,i hope to r5d] myself
 acceptable to t ,almighty ,fa!r :o has 

m]cifully remov$ f me ! reproa* (       
b>r5ness1 b r by resignation to 8 w1 & a
 s5se ( my own no?+ness4 ,x 0 rem>k$    
aft] ?is t ! que5 became m recollect$   
?an ev]1 sp5d+ :ole h\rs 9 m$itation1   
be/[+ l>ge alms1 n only on ! di/ress$ ( 
h] own c\ntry1 b on su* pilgrims z      
pres5t$ !mselves1 & increas+ h] ext]ior 
mortifications2 we>+ a hair %irt dur+   
,l5t1 & us+ ! discipl9e 9 a mann] :i*1  
consid]+ h] condition1 might h be5 deem$
 injudici\s4 ,%e _h ev] made a po9t (   
sp5d+ ! vigil ( ! anniv]s>y ( h] e>ly   
sacrifice at ! foot ( ! veil$ crucifix1 
b on ?is occasion1 n return+ at h] usual
 h\r1 "o ( h] ,hung>ian att5dants s\ght 
h] 9 ! ca!dral1 !n b dimly light$ by !  
massy silv] lamp susp5d$ be=e !         
tab]nacle4 ,x 0 bitt]ly cold1 ! w9d 0   
moan+ ?r\gh ! long aisles1 b !re1 on !  
m>ble pavem5t1 9 an ec/acy :i* r5d]$ h] 
ins5sible to bodily suff]+s1 lay        
,h$wige1 %e hav+ cont9u$ 9 ?is /ate (   
ab/raction f ! t]m9ation ( compl91 at   
:i* %e inv>iably assi/$4  ,at l5g?1 on !

 #ab? ( ,june1 #acii1 ?is holy que5 gave
 bir? to a daught]1 :o 0 imm$iately     
baptiz$ 9 ! ca!dral ( ,crac[1 receiv+ f 
! ,pope's legate1 at ! sacr$ font1 ! "n 
( ,elizabe? ,bonifacia4 ,! babe 0 weak &
 sickly1 & ! condition ( ! "m s prec>i\s
 t a mess5g] 0 despat*$ to ! army urg+ !
 imm$iate return ( ,wladislas4 ,he      
arriv$ 9 "t to witness ! la/ sigh ( 8 s 
ard5tly desir$ *ild1 ?\gh 8 disappo9tm5t
 0 completely m]g$ 9 8 anxiety = 8 wife4
 ,by ! advice ( ! physicians x _h be5   
det]m9$ to conceal ! dea? ( ! infant1 b 
_! precautions 7 va94 ,at ! v mom5t x   
occurr$1 ,h$wige h]self ann\nc$ x to h] 
a/oni%$ att5dants1 & !n humbly ask$ = ! 
la/ sacram5ts ( ! ,*ur*1 :i* %e receiv$ 
) ! greate/ f]vor4 ,%e1 h[ev]1 l+]$     
until ! #ag? ( ,july1 :51 ! measure ( h]
 m]its & good works be+ full1 %e w5t to 
appe> be=e ! tribunal ( t ,god :om %e _h
 s\ght to glorify on e>?4 ,%e di$ be=e  
complet+ h] tw5ty-n9? ye>4  ,a few days 
previ\sly %e _h tak5 a t5d] leave ( h]  
di/ract$ husb&2 &1 m9dful to ! la/ ( !  

int]e/s ( ,pol&1 %e begg$ him to esp\se 
h] c\s9 ,anne1 by ^: claim to ! ?rone ( 
! ,pia/s 8 own w\ld be /r5g!n$4 ,%e !n  
drew (f h] nuptial r+1 z if to deta*    
h]self f all human ties1 & plac$ x ^u 8 
f+]1 & al?\gh1 f motives ( policy1      
,wladislas successively esp\s$ ?ree     
wives1 he religi\sly pres]v$ ?is        
memorial ( h] he _h valu$ ! mo/2        
bequea?+ x z a preci\s relic 7& a mem5to
 to be fai?ful to ! l& :i* ,h$wige _h s 
truly lov$7 to ! ,bi%op ( ,crac[1 :o _h 
sav$ 8 life 9 battle4 ,imm$iately aft]  
h] fun]al1 he retir$ to 8 ,russian #aeg 
prov9ce1 nor c\ld he = "s "t be prevail$
 ^u to return & assume ! duties (       
sov]eignty4  ,!re 0 ano!r m\rn] = h]    
loss1 ,william ( ,au/ria1 :o1 not)/&+ ! 
entreaties ( 8 subjects1 _h rema9$ s+le 
= h] sake4 ,he 0 at l5g? prevail$ ^u to 
esp\se ! ,pr9cess ,jane ( ,naples1 b did
 n long survive ! union4  ,! obsequies (
 ,h$wige 7 celebrat$ by ! ,pope's legate
 ) becom+ magnific5ce4 ,all t honor &   
respect f :i* %e _h s5sitively %runk    

dur+ life 0 lavi%$ on h] rema9s2 %e 0   
int]r$ 9 ! ca!dral ( ,crac[ on ! left ( 
! high alt>2 h] memory 0 embalm$ by h]  
p's love1 & 0 sanctifi$ 9 _! eyes4      
,num]\s miracles are said to h be5 p]=m$
 at h] tomb3 ?i!r ! afflict$ 9 m9d &    
body flock$ to obta9 ?r\gh h]           
int]cession t consolation :i* dur+ h]   
life %e _h s *e]fully be/[$4 ,contr>y to
 ! g5]al expectation1 %e 0 nev]         
canoniz$2   ,footnote #dc h] "n1 h[ev]1 
cont9u$ to be fondly *]i%$ by ! ,poles1 
& by ! p :o "u ,god 7 indebt$ to h] = _!
 fir/ k ( ,*ri/ianity1 & ( :om %e might 
ju/ly be /yl$ ! apo/le4 ,on h] monum5t 0
 grav5 a ,lat9 inscription /yl+ h] ! ,/>
 ( ,pol&1 enum]at+ h] virtues1 lam5t+ h]
 loss1 & implor+ ! ,k+ ( ,glory to      
receive h] into 8 heav5ly k+dom4        
,footnote #dc3 ,poli% writ]s give h] !  
title ( sa9t1 ?\gh h]   "n is n ins]t$ 9
 ! ,m>tyrologies4--,butl]'s ,lives ( !  
,sa9ts1 ,octob] #ag?4  ,! life ( ,h$wige
 is h] be/ eulogium4 ,z x has be5 se51  
%e comb9$ all ! qualities n only ( h]   

own1 b ( a m advanc$ age4 ,! leisure :i*
 %e c\ld snat* f ! affairs ( gov]nm5t %e
 employ$ 9 /udy1 devotion1 & works (    
*>ity4 ,true to h] pr9ciples1 %e at h]  
dea? bequea!d h] jewels & o!r p]sonal   
prop]ty 9 tru/ to ! bi%op & ca/ella9 (  
,crac[1 = ! f\ndation ( a college 9 t   
city4 ,two ye>s aft]w>d h] wi%es 7 c>ri$
 into effect1 & ! fir/ /one 0 laid ( !  
s9ce celebrat$ univ]sity4  ,wladislas   
surviv$ 8 wife ?irty-five ye>s4 ,9 8 old
 age he 0 tr\bl$ by a return ( 8 =m]    
jeal\sy1 !reby cont9ually embitt]+ !    
life ( 8 que51 a ,li?uanian pr9cess1 :o1
 al?\gh exculpat$ by oa?1 z ,h$wige _h  
=m]ly be51 0 less =tunate1 inasmu* z %e 
0 ! cont9ual victim ( fre% suspicions4  
,! latt] ye>s ( 8 reign 7 mu* di/urb$ by
 ! ho/ilities ( ! ,emp]or ,sigismund1 & 
by ! tr\bles occasion$ 9 ,li?uania by ! 
rebels1 :o _h aga9 comb9$ ) ! ,teutonic 
,knights4  ,wladislas di$ 9 #adcd1 at ! 
age ( eighty ye>s4 ,x is said t he      
contract$ 8 mortal sickness by be+      
tempt$ to rema9 expos$ too long to !    

night air1 captivat$ by ! sweet notes ( 
a night+ale4 ,not)/&+ 8 faults1 ?is     
mon>* _h _m virtues2 8 piety 0 great1 & 
he practis$ sev]e ab/95ces2 & al?\gh he 
at times gave way to a suspici\s temp]1 
8 g5]al "* 0 tru/+1 frank1 & g5]\s ev5  
to imprud5ce4 ,8 suspicions1 9 fact1 did
 n orig9ate ) himself4 ,!y sprang1 9 !  
case ( bo? 8 wives1 f ! tongues (       
calumniators1 to :om he li/5$ ) a ha/y  
cr$ulity4 ,he rais$ ! glory & ext5d$ &  
consolidat$ ! dom9ion ( ,pol&4 ,he 0    
succe$$ by 8 son1 a *ild ( elev5 ye>s1  
:o _h previ\sly be51 elect$ to ! ?rone1 
b n until ,jagello _h confirm$ & ev5    
enl>g$ ! privileges ( ! nobles4 ,8 t>dy 
cons5t1 at ! diet ( ,j$l91 r\s$ _!      
pride1 s t x 0 n until f\r ye>s lat] t  
!y solemnly gave _! adhesion4  ,x has n 
be5 our purpose to give m ?an a page out
 ( ! ,poli% annals illu/rative ( !      
patriotic & ,*ri/ian _s ( sacrifice =   
:i* ,pol&'s daught]s h1 d[n to ! #aeh   
pres5t day1 be5 no less not$ ?an h]     
sons4 ,! m9d naturally rev]ts to ! late 

cruel /ruggle 9 :i* ?is g5]\s p has once
 m succumb$ to ! ov]:elm+ p[] ( ,russia1
 & h] unscrupul\s employm5t ( ! gigantic
 =ces at h] comm&4 ,europe has look$ on 
apa!tically1 &1 aft] a few feeble       
diplomatic remon/rances1 has all[$ !    
sacrifice to be complet$4 ,b ! cause (  
,pol& is ess5tially ! cause (           
,ca?olicism & ( ! ,*ur*2 & ?is1 p]haps1 
may acc\nt = ! small degree ( sympa?y x 
has awak5$ 9 ,european gov]nm5ts4       
,russia's repression ( h] insurg5t      
subjects became f ! fir/ a religi\s     
p]secution4 ,h] aim is n to ,russify1 b 
to deca?olicize ,pol&4 ,! insurrection1 
qu5*$ 9 blood1 has be5 foll[$ by a      
:olesale deportation ( ,poles into !    
ea/]n ,russian prov9ces1 :]e1 ) _!      
c\ntry1 x is hop$ !y w1 ere long1 lose  
also _! fai?4 ,^! are replac$ by        
,russian coloni/s transplant$ into      
,pol&4 ,to cru%1 extirpate1 & deport !  
nobility--to leave ! l[] class alone ^u 
! soil1 :o1 depriv$ ( _! cl]gy--m>tyr$1 
exil$1 or 9 bonds--may become an easy   

conque/ to ! dom9ant s*ism--su* is !    
plan ( ! autocrat1 z we h beheld x      
actively c>ri$ out ) all its accompany+ 
horrors ( sacrilege & ru?less b>b>ity4  
,"o voice alone--t ( ! ,fa!r (          
,*ri/5dom--has be5 rais$ to /igmatize ^!
 revolt+ excesses1 & to reprove !       
iniquity ( p]secut+ ,ca?olicism 9 ord]  
to put d[n rebellion4  ,footnote #dd ,! 
same voice has exhort$ u to pray = our  
,poli% bre?r51 & has enc\rag$ t suff]+ p
 to seek _! deliv]ance f ! j &          
compassionate ,"l ( all4    ,footnote   
#dd3 ,! t]ms ( ! ,holy ,fa!r's address h
 be5   /rangely exagg]at$ 9 _m cont95tal
 j\rnals1 :]e he is made   to ref] to ! 
subject politically1 & l\dly to proclaim
 !   ju/ice ( ! ,poli% insurrection 9 t 
reg>d4 ,! ,pope entirely   re/rict$ 8   
animadv]sions on ! ,cz> to 8 p]secution 
( !   fai? ( 8 subjects4   ------  ,f ,!
 ,lamp4  ,,monks ,,among ,,! ,,mongols4 
,9 trac+ ! progress ( ! v>i\s bran*es ( 
sci5ce dur+ ! ,middle ,ages1 !re is no?+
 m /rik+ ?an ! sl[ /ages by :i* a k ( ! 

tru? 0 rea*$ on ! subject ( ! e>?'s =m1 
& ! relative positions ( ! v>i\s        
c\ntries :i* compose x4 ,?\gh f ! v     
e>lie/ p]iod ! subject necess>ily       
occupi$ a consid]able am\nt ( att5tion1 
& ?\gh facts began to be obs]v$ be>+ ^u 
x 9 ! fir/ ages aft] ! diffusion (      
mank9d1 & 7 l>gely multipli$ 9          
proportion z ! =mation ( colonies &     
int]communication = purposes ( comm]ce  
or w> became m frequ5t1 yet we f9d v    
little advance made 9 geographical k f !
 days ( ,ptolemy1 :5 ! obs]vations ( !  
anci5ts 7 mo/ sy/ematically collect$ &  
arrang$1 till "s c5turies aft]1 :5 !    
m>itime ent]prise ( ! ,portuguese       
impell$ !m to ! s]ies ( discov]ies :i*  
l$ to ! d\bl+ ( ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope1 &
 incit$ ! g5ius ( ,columbus to !        
discov]y ( a new _w4  ,! cause ( ?is sl[
 advance ( geographical1 9 comp>ison )  
o!r bran*es ( k1 0 ow+ 9 "s measure to !
 abs5ce ( any exact records ( !         
discov]ies made1 by :i* !y might h be5  
communicat$ to o!rs1 & become ! #aei    

/>t+-po9t = fur!r inve/igations2 b /ill 
m to ! imp]fect means ( navigation 9    
exi/5ce1 & to ^? b>b>ian upris+s &      
migrations :i* = c5turies1 at lea/1 7   
p]petually *ang+ ! /ate ( ,europe &     
,asia1 &1 by remov+ ! l&m>ks ( nations1 
oblig+ geography to beg9 z x 7 anew4    
,dur+ ! :ole ( ?is p]iod1 h[ev]1 we f9d 
evid5ces ( ! pati5t cultivation ( ?is1 z
 ( all o!r bran*es ( human k1 )9 ! walls
 ( ^? mona/ic in/itutions :i* ignorant  
prejudice /ill reg>ds z ! haunts (      
idl5ess1 b to :i* ! le>n$ ( all cre$s & 
c\ntries ackn[l$ge _! deep debt (       
obligation4 ,=mal acc\nts ( "s di/ant   
l&1 ei!r writt5 by ! travell] himself or
 record$ f ! oral in=mation he          
communicat$2 hi/orical *ronicles1 9 :i* 
n alone ! ev5ts1 b all t 0 kn[n ( !     
c\ntry is record$1 & maps 9 :i* !       
position ( v>i\s places is attempt$ to  
be laid d[n1 7 to be f\nd 9 e mona/]y   
bo? on ! cont95t & 9 our own isl&4 ,!   
holy m51 too1 :o prea*$ ! gospel to     
pagan nations 7 usually c>eful also to  

enl>ge _! contempor>ies' k conc]n+ !    
places & ! p among :om !y labor$4 ,?us !
 great ,/4 ,boniface n only conv]t$ !   
,sclavonic nations to ,ca?olic tru?1 b1 
at ! special injunction ( ! ,pope1 wrote
 an acc\nt ( !m & ( _! c\ntry4 ,/4 ,o?o1
 bi%op ( ,bamb]g1 did ! same = !        
c\ntries ^u ! %ores ( ! ,baltic2 ! holy 
monk ,anscaire = ,sc&9avia1 :]e he c>ri$
 on 8 apo/olic labors2 & _m o!rs might  
be m5tion$4  ,among ! mo/ valuable ( !  
contributions to ! geography ( ! ,middle
 ,ages 7 ^? furni%$ by "s monks ( ! ord]
 ( ,/4 ,francis1 :o 9 ! middle ( !      
?irte5? c5tury p5etrat$ into ! remote   
ea/1 on special missions to ! b>b>ian   
hordes t !n ?reat5$ ! v exi/5ce (       
religion & civilization1 & ^:           
ent]prises1 emb>k$ 9 at ! call ( duty1  
are 9 _m respects int]e/+4  ,hi/ory1    
:e!r anci5t or mod]n1 has few *apt]s s  
rem>kable z t :i* records ! rise ( !    
,mongol p[]4 ,a great *ief1 :o _h rul$  
ov] an imm5se horde ( ?is hi!rto pa/oral
 p1 di$1 leav+ 8 elde/ son an infant1 & 

unable to comm& ! adhesion ( 8 rude     
subjects4 ,! "y *ief1 z he grew to man's
 e/ate1 f\nd 8 horde disp]s$1 & only a  
few families will+ to ackn[l$ge 8 sway4 
,det]m9$1 h[ev]1 to rega9 8 p[] & c>ry  
out ! ambiti\s design :i* he _h =m$ (   
conqu]+ ! _w1 he caus$ an assembly ( !  
:ole p to be summon$ on ! banks ( !     
,sel+a4 ,at ?is assembly "o ( ! wise m5 
( ! tribes ann\nc$ t he _h _h a vision1 
9 :i* he saw ! great ,god1 ! dispos] (  
k+doms1 sitt+ ^u 8 ?rone 9 c\ncil1 &    
he>d him decree t ! "y *ief %\ld be     
,z+is ,khan1 or ,greate/ ,*ief ( ! e>?4 
,! %\ts ( ! ,mongols te/ifi$ _! read9ess
 to accept ! decree2 ,z+is ,khan 0 rais$
 to supreme p[] ov] ! :ole ,mongol race4
 ,he soon subdu$ ! petty opposition ( 8 
neighbors1 &1 e/abli%+ ! seat ( 8 empire
 at ,k>akorum1 spread 8 conque/s 9 e    
direction ) extraord9>y rapidity1 & di$ 
! rul] ( _m nations1 bequea?+ 8 p[] to  
sons & gr&sons z w>like & ambiti\s z    
himself4 ,"o ( ^!1 ,batoo ,khan1 invad$ 
,europe ) an imm5se army4 ,he ov]ran    

,russia1 tak+ ,mosc[ & its o!r pr9cipal 
places2 subdu$ ,pol& & burnt ,crac[2    
defeat$ ! k+ ( ,hung>y 9 a great battle2
 p5etrat$ to ,breslau1 :i* he burn$2 &  
defeat$1 ne> ,liegnitz1 an army compos$ 
( ,*ri/ian volunte]s f all l&s2--"o ( ! 
bloodie/ battles ev] f\ght aga9/ ! ea/]n
 hordes4  ,x 0 f\r ye>s aft] ?is great  
battle1 namely1 9 #abdf1 & :5 all #afj  
,europe 0 trembl+ at ! expectation (    
ano!r invasion ( ! ,mongols 7:o1 hav+   
deva/at$ ! c\ntry ) fire & sword1 _h    
retir$ load$ ) spoils71 t two embassies 
7 despat*$ by ! ,pope1 ,innoc5t ,,iv41  
to endeavor to induce !m to /op _!      
progress into ,europe1 & to embrace     
,*ri/ianity4 ,^! important missions 7   
intru/$ to monks ( ! ,franciscan ord]2  
,jean du ,plan ,c>p9i be+ despat*$ t[>d 
! nor?-ea/1 :]e ! camp ( ,batoo 0 fix$1 
& ,ni*olas ,ascel91 ! ye> aft]1 s5t into
 ,syria & ,p]sia4  ,ascel9's mission1   
:i* compris$ ?ree o!r monks ( ! same    
ord] beside himself1 0 ! mo/ rapidly    
t]m9at$4 ,foll[+ ! s\? ( ! ,caspian     

,sea1 ! p>ty trav]s$ ,syria1            
,mesopotamia1 & ,p]sia1 & at l5g? rea*$ 
! ,mongol or ,tat> encampm5t ( ,baio?noy
 ,khan4 ,be+ ask$ _! object z !y        
approa*$1 ! holy m5 boldly b            
undiplomatically decl>$ t !y 7          
ambassadors f ! head ( ! ,*ri/ian _w1 & 
t _! mission 0 to exhort ! ,tat>s to    
rep5t ( _! wick$ & b>b>\s attacks ^u    
,god's p4 ,be+ ask$ :at pres5ts !y      
br\ght to ! khan1 accord+ to ea/]n      
cu/om1 !y fur!r repli$ t ! ,pope1 z !   
vic> ( ,god1 0 n accu/om$ to pur*ase a  
he>+ or favor by su* means1 especially f
 infidels4 ,! ,mongols 7 a/oni%$ at ?is 
bold language us$ t[>d a race accu/om$  
to /rike t]ror into all :o came into    
contact ) !m4 ,!y 7 /ill m a/oni%$ :5 ! 
holy m5 refus$1 z a repreh5sible act (  
idolatry1 to make ! usual g5uflexions on
 be+ admitt$ to ! pres5ce ( ! khan1     
unless he fir/ became a ,ca?olic &      
ackn[l$g$ ! ,pope's supremacy1 :5 !y    
(f]$ to d s = ! honor ( ,god & ! ,*ur*4 
,hi!rto ! b>b>ians _h borne pati5tly !  

display ( :at !y d\btless reg>d$ z !    
idiosyncrasies ( ! good fri>s1 b ?is la/
 refusal incit$ _! rage2 ! ambassadors &
 _! ma/] ! ,pope 7 insult$ & ?reat5$1 & 
x 0 debat$ 9 c\ncil :e!r !y %\ld n be   
flay$ alive1 _! sk9s /uff$ ) hay1 & s5t 
back to ! ,pope4 ,! int]position ( !    
khan's "m sav$ _! lives1 h[ev]2 b !     
,mongols c\ld nev] und]/& h[ ! ,holy    
,fa!r1 :o !y f\nd f ,ascel9 kept no army
 & _h ga9$ no battles1 c\ld h d>$ to s5d
 su* a message to _! victori\s ma/]1 :om
 !y /yl$ ! ,son ( ,heav54 ,ascel9 & 8   
companions 7 treat$ dur+ _! /ay ) scant 
c\rtesy1 & 7 dismiss$ ) a lett] to !    
,pope f ,baio?noy ,khan1 comm&+ him1 if 
he wi%$ to rema9 9 possession ( 8 l& &  
h]itage1 to come 9 8 own p]son & d      
homage to him :o held j sway ov] ! :ole 
e>?4 ,!y rea*$ z spe$ily z possible !   
ne>e/ ,syrian port1 & emb>k$ = ,france4 
,!y br\ght back to ,europe "s valuable  
in=mation respect+ ! c\ntry ( !         
,mongols1 ?\gh small comp>$ ) t ( ! o!r 
ambassadors :om we h to m5tion4  ,c>p9i 

0 a man bett] fitt$ ! (fice (           
ambassador1 & able1 )\t sacrific+ 8     
pr9ciples or 8 dignity1 to become all   
?+s to all m54 ,he travell$ ) a num]\s  
suite ?r\gh ,bohemia & ,pol& to ,ki[1 !n
 ! ,russian capital4 ,a quantity ( sk9s 
& furs 0 giv5 him 9 ! nor!rn capitals1 z
 pres5ts to ! ,tat> *iefs1 & all ,europe
 wat*$ ) int]e/ ! result ( ! embassy4   
,on ! banks ( ! ,dniep] !y fir/ enc\nt]$
 ! b>b>ians4 ,! purpose ( _! j\rney be+ 
dem&$1 !y repli$ t !y 7 mess5g]s f !    
,pope to ! *ief ( ! ,tat> p1 to desire  
peace & fri5d%ip betwe5 !m1 & reque/ t  
!y w\ld embrace ! fai? ( ,*ri/1 & desi/ 
f ! slaught] ( ! ,pope's subjects1 :o _h
 nev] injur$ or attempt$ to injure !m4  
,_! #afa be>+ made a v favorable        
impression4 ,!y 7 conduct$ to ! t5t ( ! 
*ief1 :]e !y did n hesitate to make !   
usual salutations2 & by 8 comm&         
po/-horses & a ,mongol escort 7 giv5 !m 
to conduct !m to ,batoo ,khan4 ,!y f\nd 
him at a place on ! bord]s ( ! ,black   
,sea2 &1 be=e be+ admitt$ to an audi5ce1

 _h to pass betwe5 two fires1 z a *>m to
 nullify any wit*craft or evil int5tion 
on _! p>ts4 ,!y f\nd ,batoo seat$ on a  
rais$ ?rone ) "o ( 8 wives1 & surr\nd$  
by 8 c\rt4 ,!y aga9 made ! usual        
g5uflexions1 & !n deliv]$ _! lett]s1 :i*
 ,batoo ,khan read att5tively1 b )\t    
giv+ !m any reply4 ,= "s mon?s !y 7     
trott$ ab\t1 ) a view to %[ !m ! weal?1 
p[]1 & magnific5ce ( ! p !y 7 among2 & 9
 ord] t !y might communicate at home :at
 !y saw4 ,! holy m5 pass$ ,l5t among !  
,mongols2 &1 not)/&+ ! fatigues !y _h   
pass$ ?r\gh1 obs]v$ a /rict fa/1 tak+1 z
 _! only food = ! =ty days1 millet boil$
 9 wat]1 & dr9k+ only melt$ sn[4 ,!y    
witness$ ! impos+ c]emony ( ! inve/iture
 ( a ,tat> *ief1 at :i* a l>ge numb] (  
feudatory pr9ces 7 pres5t1 ) no less ?an
 f\r ?\s& mess5g]s be>+ tribute or      
pres5ts f subdu$ or submitt$ /ates4     
,aft] ! inve/iture1 !y also 7 u%]$ into 
! pres5ce2 b1 alas1 ! gifts intru/$ to  
!m & _! :ole sub/ance 7 already consum$4
 ,! ,tat>s1 h[ev]1 consid]ately disp5s$ 

) ?is usual "p ( ! proce$+s2 = ! co>se  
g>b ( ! monks1 contra/+ z x did ) ! ri* 
silks & g>m5ts ( gold & silv] :i* !y    
describe z be+ worn g5]ally dur+ !      
c]emonies1 mu/ h m>k$ !m z m5 :o        
possess$ little ( ?is _w's goods4  ,!   
c]emonials ( inve/iture ov]1 ,c>p9i 0 at
 l5g? call$ ^u to deliv] 8 message to ! 
newly-appo9t$ khan2 & a reply 0 giv51   
:i* he 0 desir$ to translate into ,lat91
 & convey to ! ,pope4 ,x conta9$ only   
mean+less expressions ( good-w2 b ! fact
 01 t ! khan int5d$ to c>ry ! w> into   
,europe1 ?\gh he did n desire to give   
notice ( 8 int5t4 ,he (f]$ to s5d ) !m  
an ambassador to ! ,pope2 b ,c>p9i seems
 to h surmis$ 8 purpose1 & t ?is        
ambassador w\ld really be only a spy2 & 
he !re=e f\nd means to evade ! (f]4 ,!y 
return$ homew>d ?r\gh ! rigors ( a      
,sib]ian w9t]1 accompani$ by sev]al     
,g5oese1 ,pisan1 & ,v5etian trad]s1 :o1 
foll[+ ! papal envoys1 _h f\nd _! way1 9
 pursuit ( comm]ce1 to ! ,tat>          
encampm5t4 ,! h>d%ips ! good m5 endur$  

on ! return j\rney 7 ( ! mo/ fe>ful k9d4
 ,(t51 9 cross+ ! ext5sive /eppes ( t   
c\ntry1 !y 7 =c$ to sleep all night ^u !
 sn[1 & f\nd !mselves almo/ buri$ 9     
sn[-drifts 9 ! morn+4 ,ki[ 0 at l5g?    
rea*$2 & its p1 :o _h giv5 up !         
adv5tur\s travell]s z lo/1 turn$ out to 
welcome !m1 z m5 return$ f ! grave4 ,!  
re/ ( ,c>p9i's life 0 sp5t 9 simil>     
h>d%ips1 :ile prea*+ ! gospel to !      
savage peoples ( ,bohemia1 ,hung>y1     
,d5m>k1 & ,norway2 & dea? came to him ) 
8 rew>d1 at an advanc$ age1 9 ! mid/ ( 8
 apo/olic labors4  ,a few ye>s aft] !   
missions ( ,ascel9 & ,c>p9i1 ano!r      
,franciscan1 nam$ ,william ,van         
,ruysbroeck1 bett] kn[n z ,rubriquis1 a 
native ( ,brabant1 0 s5t by ,sa9t ,l\is 
( ,france on a simil> err& to !         
,mongols1 "o ( ^: khans1 x 0 report$1 _h
 embrac$ ,*ri/ianity4 ,he f\nd ! rumor  
void ( f\ndation2 &1 ?\gh receiv$       
c\rte\sly1 z ,c>p9i _h be51 c\ld p]ceive
 n ! slighte/ disposition among !       
b>b>ians to receive or ev5 he> ! tru?4  

,at ! camp ( ,s>ta* ,khan1 ,rubriquis 0 
comm&$ to appe> be=e ! *ief 9 8 prie/ly 
ve/m5ts1 & did s1 c>ry+ a missal #afb & 
crucifix 9 8 h&s1 an att5dant prec$+ him
 ) a c5s]1 & s++ ! ,salve ,reg9a4       
,ev]y?+ he _h ) him 0 exam9$ v          
att5tively by ! khan & 8 wives1         
especially ! crucifix2 b no?+ came ( ?is
 curiosity4 ,l ,c>p9i1 ! p>ty 7         
frequ5tly expos$ to great privations1   
bo? at ! encampm5ts & on _! j\rneys2 &  
on "o occasion ,rubriquis pi\sly        
records3 ,if x _h n be5 = ! grace (     
,god1 & ! biscuit :i* we _h br\ght ) u1 
we _h surely p]i%$4 ,on "o j\rney f camp
 to camp1 !y travell$ = five weeks along
 ! banks ( ! ,volga1 ne>ly always on    
foot1 & (t5 )\t food4 ,rubriquis'       
companion ,b>!lemi broke d[n "u !       
fatigues ( ! return j\rney2 b ,rubriquis
 p]sev]$ alone1 & trav]s$ an imm5se     
ext5t ( c\ntry1 pass+ ?r\gh ! ,caucasus1
 ,arm5ia1 & ,syria1 be=e he took %ip =  
,france1 to report ! failure ( 8 mission
 to ! pi\s k+4  ,bootless z ^! j\rneys  

prov$1 s f> z _! ma9 object 0 conc]n$1  
!re is no d\bt t 9 _m ways !y effect$ a 
l>ge am\nt ( good4 ,! religi\s cre$ ( ! 
,mongols appe>s to h be5 conf9$ to a    
belief 9 "o ,god1 & 9 a place ( future  
rew>ds & puni%m5ts4 ,= o!r doctr9es1 or 
= c]emonies ( religion1 !y appe> to h   
c>$ little4 ,!y trampl$ ! ,caliph (     
,bagdad1 ! successor ( ! ,prophet1 b5ea?
 _! horses' ho(s at ! capture ( t city2 
& !y tol]at$ at _! camps our ,*ri/ian   
monks1 z well z a numb] ( pr(essors ( ! 
,ne/orian h]esy4 ,x 0 only on becom+    
,mohamm$ans t !y1 & ! k9dr$ b rival race
 ( ,ottomans1 became intol]ant4 ,b x is 
to be obs]v$ t ,islamism1 :i* all[$     
polygamy1 & avoid$ int]f]5ce ) _! o!r   
national habits & cu/oms1 w\ld be likely
 to attract !m1 9 consequ5ce ( _!       
religi\s indiff]5ce1 z naturally z      
,*ri/ianity1 :i* s\ght to impose        
re/ra9ts ^u _! f]ocity & s5sualism1 w\ld
 repel !m4 ,x is no wond]1 !re=e1 t !   
ef=ts ( ! zeal\s ,franciscans 7         
unsuccessful4 ,b _! zeal &              

dis9t]e/$ness1 _! irreproa*able lives & 
simple mann]s1 7 n )\t produc+ an effect
 ^u ! savage m5 ) :om _! embassies      
br\ght !m into contact2 & by _!         
int]c\rse1 & t m]cantile communication =
 :i* _! travels pione]$ ! way1 ! conduct
 ( ! ,mongols t[>d ! ,*ri/ian races 0   
s5sibly affect$ b5eficially1 :ile on !  
o!r side !y taught ,europe to reg>d !   
,mongols z a p to be fe>$ inde$1 & gu>d$
 aga9/1 b n z ! demons inc>nate !y _h   
be5 pictur$ by ! popul> imag9ation4 ,!  
b5efit ^! devot$ monks conf]r$ ^u !     
progress ( sci5ce & civilization is     
sc>cely to be ov]-e/imat$2 z n only did 
!y acqua9t ,europe ) a numb] ( m9ute1 & 
9 ! ma9 accurate1 details respect+ a va/
 tract ( c\ntry previ\sly unkn[n1 & !   
peoples by :om x 0 inhabit$1 b !y op5$  
up new realms to comm]ce1 9 ! explor+ ( 
:i* ,m>co ,polo1 ,clavijo1 & subsequ5t  
travell]s1 pu%$ onw>d to ,*9a1 ,japan1 &
 ,india1 & prep>$ ! way = ! great       
m>itime discov]ies ( ! succe$+ c5tury4  
------  #afc  ,f ,! ,mon?4  ,,con/ance  

,,%]wood4    ,,an ,,autobiography ,,(   
,,! ,,sixte5? ,,c5tury4   ,,by ,,lady   
,,georgiana ,,full]ton4   ,,*apt] ,,iii4
  ,z ,i ent]$ ! libr>y1 :i* my fa!r us$ 
= purposes ( bus9ess z well z ( /udy1 ,i
 saw a g5tleman :o _h (t5 be5 at our    
h\se be=e1 & :om ,i knew to be a prie/1 
?\gh he 0 dress$ z a work+-man ( ! bett]
 sort & _h on a rid+ coat ( co>se       
mat]ials4 ,he beckon$ me to him1 & ,i1  
kneel+1 receiv$ 8 bless+4  ,:at1 up yet1
 little "o8 he said2 & yet ?\ mu/ be/ir 
?yself betimes to-morr[ = pray]s4 ,^!   
are n days 9 :i* prie/s may play !      
slugg>d & be f\nd ab$ :5 ! sun rises4   
,at :at h\r mu/ y be on foot1 rev]5d    
fa!r8 my "m ask$1 z sitt+ d[n at a table
 by 8 side %e fill$ 8 plate ) :atev]    
might tempt him to eat1 ! :i* he seem$  
little incl9$ to4  ,be=e dawn1 good     
,mrs4 ,%]wood1 he answ]$2 & across !    
fields into ! =e/ be=e ev] ! labor+ m5  
are a/ir2 & y "k be/ :5 t is4  ,an if x 
be s1 :i* ,i fe> x mu/1 my fa!r said1 we
 mu/ e'en h ! *apel ready by two        

o'clock4 ,&1 goodwife1 y %\ld pres5tly  
get t w5* to b$4  ,nay1 good "m1 ,i     
cri$1 & ?rew my arms r\nd h] wai/1 pri!e
 let me sit up to-night2 ,i c lie ab$   
all to-morr[4 ,s wi/fully & urg5tly did 
,i plead1 t %e1 :o _h gr[n ( late       
some:at lo? to d5y any reque/ ( m9e1    
yield$ to my entreaties1 & only will$ t 
,i %\ld lie d[n on a settle betwixt h]  
*air & ! *imney1 9 :i* a fagot 0 blaz+1 
?\gh x 0 summ]-"t1 b ! wea!r 0 *illy4 ,i
 gaz$ by turns on my "m's pale face & my
 fa!r's1 :i* 0 ?\ghtful1 & on ! good    
prie/'s1 :o 0 9 an easy-*air1 :]e9 !y _h
 compell$ him to sit1 opposite to me on 
! o!r side ( ! *imney4 ,he look$1 z ,i  
rememb] him !n1 z if 9 body & 9 m9d he  
_h suff]$ m ?an he c\ld almo/ be>4      
,aft] "s disc\rse _h be5 m9i/]$ betwixt 
him & my fa!r ( ! j\rney he _h be5 tak+1
 & ! fri5ds he _h se5 s9ce la/ he _h    
visit$ our h\se1 my "m said1 9 a        
tremul\s voice1 ,& n[1 good ,mr4 ,mu%1  
an if x w\ld n pa9 y too sorely1 tell u 
if x be true t y\r de> daught] 9 ,*ri/1 

,mrs4 ,cli!r[1 z inde$ won ! m>tyr's    
cr[n1 z "s lett]s f ,york report$ to u a
 %ort "t back8  ,^u ?is ,mr4 ,mu% rais$ 
8 head1 :i* _h sunk on 8 brea/1 & said1 
,%e t 0 my spiritual daught] 9 times    
pa/1 & n[1 z ,i humbly hope1 my glori\s 
"m 9 heav51 ! graci\s m>tyr ,mrs4       
,cli!r[1 has ov]come all h] enemies1 &  
pass$ f ?is mortal life ) r>e & m>vell\s
 triumph into ! peaceable city ( ,god1  
!re to receive a wor?y cr[n ( endless   
immortality & joy4 ,8 eye1 t _h be5 be=e
 heavy & dim1 n[ %one ) sudd5 light1 & x
 seem$ z if ! cord ab\t 8 he>t 0 loos$1 
& 8 _s f\nd v5t at la/ 9 words aft] a   
long & pa9ful sil5ce4 ,m eloqu5t /ill 0 
8 c\nt5ance ?an 8 words z he exclaim$1  
,torm5ts ov]came h] n1 nor ! sweetness (
 life1 nor h] vehem5t affection = #afd  
husb& & *ildr51 nor ! flatt]+ allurem5ts
 & deceitful promises ( ! p]secutors4   
,f9ally1 ! _w1 ! fle%1 & ! devil ov]came
 h] n4 ,%e1 a woman1 ) inv9cible c\rage 
ent]$ combat aga9/ !m all1 to def5d !   
anci5t fai?1 :]e9 bo? %e & h] enemies 7 

baptiz$ & gave _! promise to ,god to    
keep ! same until dea?4 ,o sacr$ m>tyr6 
&1 ) clasp$ h&s & /ream+ eyes1 ! good   
fa!r w5t on1 rememb] me1 ,i besee* !e   
humbly1 9 ?y p]fect *>ity1 :om ?\ ha/   
left mis]able beh9d !e1 9 "t pa/ ?y     
unwor?y fa!r & n[ mo/ unwor?y s]vant1   
made ev] joyful by ?y virtu\s life1 & n[
 lam5t+ ?y dea? & ?y abs5ce1 & yet      
rejoic+ 9 ?y glory4  ,a sob bur/ f my   
"m's brea/1 & %e hid h] face aga9/ my   
fa!r's %\ld]4 ,!re 0 a brief sil5ce1    
dur+ :i* _m quickly-ris+ ?\ghts pass$   
?r\gh my m9d4 ,( ,daniel 9 ! lions' d51 
& ! ,ma*abees & ! e>ly ,*ri/ians2 & ( ! 
great /ore ( blood :i* _h be5 %$ ( late 
9 ?is our c\ntry1 & ( :i* among/ ! sla9 
7 truly m>tyrs1 & :i* 7 n2 ( ! vision 9 
! sky :i* _h be5 se5 at ,li*field2 &    
*iefly ( t bless$ woman ,mrs4 ,cli!r[1  
^: virtue & good works ,i _h (t5 be=e   
he>d (1 su* z s]v+ ! poor & h>bor+      
prie/s1 & lov+ ,god's ,*ur* ) a wond]ful
 affection great] ?an c be ?\ght (4 ,!n 
,i he>d my fa!r say1 ,h[ 0 x at ! la/1  

good ,mr4 ,mu%8 ,i op$ my eyes1 & hung  
on ! lips ( ! good prie/ ev5 z if to    
dev\r 8 words z he gave utt]ance to !m4 
,%e refus$ to be tri$ by ! c\ntry1 he   
answ]$1 9 a tremul\s voice2 & s !y      
mur!r$ h]4  ,h[ s8 my "m ask$1 %ad+ h]  
eyes ) h] h&1 z if to exclude ! m5tal   
sight ( t :i* %e yet s\ght to "k4  ,!y  
press$ h] to dea?1 he sl[ly utt]$2 & !  
la/ words %e 0 he>d to say 7 ',jesu1    
,jesu1 ,jesu6 h m]cy on me6' ,%e 0 9 dy+
 ab\t a qu>t] ( an h\r1 & !n h] bless$  
_s 0 releas$ & took its flight to heav54
 ,may we die ! dea? ( ! righte\s1 & may 
our la/ end be l h]s6  ,aga9 my "m hid  
h] face 9 my fa!r's bosom1 & me?\ght %e 
said n ,am5 to t pray]2 b turn+ to ,mr4 
,mu% ) a flu%$ *eek & tr\bl$ eye1 %e    
ask$1 ,& :y did ! bless$ ,mrs4 ,cli!r[  
refuse to be tri$ by ! c\ntry1 rev]5d   
fa!r1 & !reby subject h]self to t l+]+  
dea?8  ,^! 7 h] words :5 que/ion$ & urg$
 on t po9t1 he answ]$1 :i* suffici5tly  
cle> h] f all accusation ( ob/9acy or   
desp]ation1 & comb9e ! r>e discretion & 

*>ity :i* 7 9 h] at all times3 ',alas6' 
quo? %e1 'if ,i %\ld h put myself on !  
c\ntry1 evid5ce mu/ ne$s h come aga9/ me
 t\*+ my h>bor+ ( prie/s & ! holy       
sacrifice ( ! mass 9 my h\se1 :i* ,i "k 
none c\ld give b only my *ildr5 &       
s]vants2 & x w\ld h be5 to me m griev\s 
?an a ?\s& dea?s if ,i %\ld h se5 any ( 
!m br\ght =? be=e me1 to give evid5ce   
aga9/ me 9 s good a cause & be guilty ( 
my blood2 &1 secondly1' quo? %e1 ',i "k 
well ! c\ntry mu/ ne$s h f\nd me guilty 
to please ! c\ncil1 :o s e>ne/ly seek my
 blood1 & !n all !y _h be5 accessory to 
my dea? & damnably (f5d$ ,god4 ,i !re=e 
?9k1 9 ! way ( *>ity1 = my "p to h9d] ! 
c\ntry f su* a s92 & see+ x mu/ ne$s be 
done1 to cause z few to d x z might be2 
& t 0 ! judge himself4' ,s %e ?\ght1 &  
!reupon %e act$1 ) t s+le view to ,god's
 glory & ! good ( m5's s\ls t 0 ev] !   
passion ( h] f]v5t _s4  ,h] *ildr58 my  
"m murmur$ 9 a fa9t voice1 /ill hid+ h] 
face f him4 ,t little ,agnes #afe y us$ 
to tell u (1 t 0 s de> to h] poor "m1 h[

 has x f>$ ) h]8  ,mr4 ,mu% answ]$1 ,h] 
happy "m s5t h] hose & %oes to h]       
daught] at ! la/1 signify+ t %e %\ld    
s]ve ,god & foll[ h] /eps ( virtue4 ,%e 
0 committ$ to w>d because %e w\ld n     
betray h] "m1 & !re :ipp$ & extremely   
us$ = t %e w\ld n g to ! *ur* & he> a   
s]mon4 ,:5 h] "m 0 mur!r$1 ! h]etics    
came to h] & said t unless %e w\ld g to 
! *ur*1 h] "m %\ld be put to dea?4 ,!   
*ild1 ?9k+ to save ! life ( h] :o _h    
giv5 h] bir?1 w5t to a s]mon1 & ?us !y  
deceiv$ h]4  ,god =give !m6 my fa!r     
ejaculat$2 & ,i1 creep+ to my "m's side1
 ?rew my arms ab\t h] neck1 ^u :i* %e1  
c>ess+ me1 said3  ,n[ ?\ wilt be up to  
_! deceits1 ,conny1 if !y %\ld practice 
! same arts on !e4  ,"m1 ,i cri$1 cl++  
to h]1 ,i w g ) !e to prison & to dea?2 
b to _! *ur* ,i w n g :o love n our     
,bless$ ,lady4  ,s help !e ,god6 my fa!r
 cri$1 & laid 8 h& on my head4  ,take   
he>t1 good ,mrs4 ,%]wood1 ,mr4 ,mu% said
 to my "m1 :o 0 weep+2 ,god may sp>e y  
su* trials z ^? :i* t sweet sa9t rejoic$

 91 or he c give y a l /r5g? to h]s4 ,we
 h ne$ 9 ^! times to be> 9 m9d t        
com=table say+ ( holy writ1 ',z y\r day 
%all y\r /r5g? be4'  ',tis /range1 my   
fa!r obs]v$1 h[ ^! pres5t tr\bles seem  
to awake ! read9ess1 nay ! wi%1 to suff]
 = tru?'s sake4 ,x is l a new s5se 9 a  
s\l h]et(ore b too prone to es*ew suff]+
 ( any sort3 'tis ev5 z ! ke5 breezes ( 
our own ,cannock ,*ase /imulate ! frame 
to ex]tions :i* x w\ld %r9k f 9 ! dull] 
air ( ! ,tr5t ,valley4  ,ah6 & is x ev5 
s ) y1 my fri5d8 exclaim$ ,mr4 ,mu%4 ,f 
my he>t ,i rejoice at x3 su* ?\ghts are 
(t5times =]unn]s ( ,god's call to a s\l 
m>k$ out = 8 special s]vice4  ,my "m1   
aga9/ :om ,i 0 lean+ s9ce m5tion _h be5 
made ( ,mrs4 ,cli!r['s daught]1 began to
 tremble2 & ris+ said %e w\ld g to !    
*apel to prep>e = confession4 ,tak+ me  
by ! h&1 %e m\nt$ ! /airs to ! room :i* 
0 us$ z su* s9ce ! anci5t fai? _h be5   
proscrib$4 ,"o by "o t night we knelt at
 ! feet ( ! good %eph]d1 :o1 l 8 ,"l1 0 
ready to lay d[n 8 life = 8 %eep1 & 7   

%riv54 ,!n1 at two ( ! clock1 mass 0    
said1 & my p>5ts & mo/ ( our s]vants    
receiv$1 & likewise "s neighbors to :om 
notice _h be5 s5t 9 secret ( ,mr4 ,mu%'s
 com+4 ,:5 my "m return$ f ! alt> to h] 
seat1 ,i m>vell$ at ! *ange 9 h]        
c\nt5ance4 ,%e :o _h be5 s tr\bl$ be=e !
 com+ ( ! ,heav5ly ,gue/ into h] brea/1 
wore n[ s s]5e & joyful an aspect1 t !  
look+ ^u h] at t "t wr\ght 9 me a new & 
com=table s5se ( ! greatness ( t div9e  
sacram5t4 ,i f\nd n ! ?\ght ( dea?      
fright5 me !n2 = albeit on t night ,i = 
! fir/ "t fully arriv$ at ! k ( ! p]il &
 jeop>dy 9 :i* ! ,ca?olics ( ?is l& d   
live2 nev]!less ?is k awoke 9 me m      
exultation ?an fe>4 ,i _h se5           
precautions us$1 & res]ves ma9ta9$1 (   
:i* ,i n[ p]ceiv$ ! cause4 ,= "s "t pa/ 
my p>5ts _h prep>$ ! way = ?is          
no-long]-to-be-def]r$ enlight5m5t4 ,!   
small acc\nt !y _h taught me to make ( !
 weal? & com=ts ( ?is p]i%able _w1 & !  
hi/ories !y _h rec\nt$ to me ( ! suff]+s
 ( ,*ri/ians 9 ! e>ly times ( ! ,*ur*1  

_h be5 direct$ unto ?is end4 ,!y _h1 z x
 71 laid ! wood on ! alt> ( my he>t1 :i*
 !y pray$ might "o day burn into #aff a 
flame4 ,& n[ :51 by reason ( ! disc\rse 
,i _h he>d t\*+ ,mrs4 ,cli!r['s bless$ b
 pa9ful end = h>bor+ ( prie/s 9 h] h\se1
 & ! pres5ce ( "o "u our ro(1 ,i took   
he$ t ! dang] _h come nigh unto our own 
doors1 my he>t seem$ to beat ) a s+ul>  
joy4 ,*ildhood sets no great /ore on    
life3 ! passage f ?is _w to ! next is n 
t]rible to su* z h _h no %ad[s ca/ on _!
 pa?s by _! own or o!rs' s9s4 ,heav5 is 
n a f>-(f region to ! pure 9 he>t2 b r a
 home1 :]e ,god1 z ,/4 ,?omas s+s1      
,vitam s9e t]m9o   ,nobis donet 9       
patria4  ,b1 ah me6 h[ transi5t are !   
lights & %ades :i* flit across ! *ildi% 
m9d6 & h[ mutable ! temp] ( y\?1 nev]   
long impress$ by any ev5t1 h[ev] grave6 
,n _m days aft] ,mr4 ,mu%'s visit to our
 h\se1 ano!r lett] f ! ,c\ntess (       
,surrey came into my h&1 & drove f my   
?\ghts = ! "t all b ! matt]s !re9       
disclos$4    ,,sweet ,,mi/ress          

,,con/ance   7my lady wrote71--,9 my la/
 lett] ,i made m5tion1 9 an obscure     
fa%ion1 ( a secret :i* my "l _h told me 
t\*+ a matt] (   great weight :i*       
,hig=d1 8 grace's /ew>d1 _h let out to  
him2   & n[ t ! :ole _w is speak+ ( :at 
0 !n 9 h&1   & t tr\bles h come ( x1 ,i 
mu/ ne$s relieve my m9d by   writ+ !re( 
to h] :o is ! be/ fri5d ,i h 9 ! _w1    
if ,i may judge by ! virtu\s c\nsel &   
lov+ words h] lett]s   d conta94 ',tis l
 y h he>d some:at ( t same matt]1       
,mi/ress ,con/ance2 = mu* talk has be5  
m9i/]$ an5t x s9ce   ,i wrote1 among/ p 
( all sorts1 & ) v>i\s int5ts to   !    
h9d]+ or ! promot+ !re(4 ,i mean t\*+ ! 
m>riage   ( 8 grace ! ,duke ( ,norfolk )
 ! ,que5 ( ,scots1 :i* is   mu* desir$  
by "s1 & v little wi%$ = by o!rs4 ,my   
"l1   z is reasonable 9 "o ( 8 ye>s & ( 
s noble a _s1 &   8 si/]1 :o is 9 all   
?+s ! c\nt]p>t ( h] bro!r1   h set _!   
he>ts !reon s9ce ! fir/ inkl+ !y _h (   
x2 = ?is que5 _h s not$ a fame = h]     
excell5t beauty &   sweet disposition t 

x has wr\ght 9 !m an extraord9>y        
passionate desire to title h] "m1 & to  
see _! fa!r s   nobly mat$1 ?\gh n m ?an
 he des]ves2 =1 z my "l says1   8       
grace's e/ate 9 ,engl& is wor? little   
less ?an ! :ole   realm ( ,scotl&1 9 !  
ill /ate to :i* ! w>s h r$uc$   x2 & :5 
he is 9 8 own t5nis-c\rt at ,norwi*1 he 
?9ks   himself z great z a k+4    ,z a  
good wife1 ,i %\ld wi% z my "l does2 &  
inde$ ?is   m>riage1 ,mi/ress ,con/ance1
 w\ld please me well2 = ! ,que5 (       
,scots is ,ca?olic1 & me?9ks if 8 grace 
7 to w$ h]1 !re   might arise "s good   
out ( x to su* z are dep5d5t on 8       
grace t\*+ matt]s ( religion2 & s9ce    
,mr4 ,m>t9 has gone   beyond seas1 'tis 
v little ,i he> 9 ?is h\se b :at is     
contr>y to ! tea*+ ,i _h at my          
gr&mo!r's4 ,my "l sai?   ?is que5's     
tr\bles w be end$ if %e do? m>ry 8      
grace1 =   s ,hig=d has told him2 b :5  
,i spoke !re( to my ,lady ,lumley1   %e 
pray$ ,god 8 grace's might n !n beg91 b 
*>g$ me to   be sil5t !reon be=e my ,"l 

,arundel1 :o has greatly set 8   he>t on
 ?is mat*4 ,%e said words 7 9 e "o's m\?
   conc]n+ ?is m>riage :i* %\ld nev] h  
be5 spok5 ( b   among/ a few4 ',nan1'   
quo? %e1 'if ,phil & ?\ d let y\r       
*ildr5's tongues wag an5t a matt] :i*   
may well be "o ( life   & dea?1 m h>m   
may come ( x ?an c well be ?\ght (4' ,s 
pri!e1 ,mi/ress ,con/ance1 d y be sil5t 
z ! grave on :at ,i   h h]e9 writt51 if 
s be y h n he>d #afg ( x b   f me4 ,my  
"l _h a qu>rel ) my ,"l ,essex1 :o is   
ab\t 8   own age1 an5t ! ,que5 ( ,scots1
 a few days s9ce1 :5 he came to   sp5d 8
 bir?day ) him2 = my "l 0 twelve ye>s   
old la/   week1 & ,i gave him a fair    
jewel to set 9 8 cap1 = a   love-tok5 & 
= remembrance4 ,my "l said t ! ,que5 (  
,scots   0 a lady ( s great virtue &    
beauty t none else c\ld be   comp>$ )   
h]2 ^u :i* my "l ( ,essex cri$ x 0 high 
treason to ! que5's maje/y to say s1 & t
 if h] grace held   s long a "t 9 prison
 "o :o 0 h] ne> k9swoman1 x 0 by        
reason ( h] hav+ mur!r$ h] husb& &      

fom5t$ rebellion 9   ?is k+dom ( ,engl&1
 = ! :i* %e did des]ve to be   extremely
 us$4 ,my "l 0 v wro? at ?is1 & swore he
 0 no   traitor1 & t ! ,que5 ( ,scots 0 
no mur!ress1 & he w\ld   lay d[n 8 head 
on ! block r ?an suff] any %\ld /yle    
h] su*2 ^u :i* my "l ( ,essex ask$1     
',pri!e1 my ,"l   ,surrey1 7 y at       
,?ornham la/ week :5 ! que5's maje/y 0  
on a visit to y\r gr&fa!r1 my ,"l       
,arundel8' ',no1' cri$ my   "l1 'y\r    
lord%ip be+ !re y\rself 9 my ,"l        
,leice/]'s   suite1 mu/ ne$s h notic$ ,i
 0 abs5t2 = if ,i _h be5   pres5t1      
me?9ks 'tis ,i & n y\r lord%ip w\ld h   
wait$   beh9d h] maje/y's *air at table 
& held a napk9 to h]4' ',&   if y _h1 my
 "l1' quo? my ,"l ,essex1 wax+ hot 9 8  
spee*1   'y w\ld h notic$ h[ h] grace's 
maje/y gave a nip to 8   grace y\r fa!r1
 :o 0 sitt+ by h] side1 & said %e w\ld  
h him take he$ on :at pill[ he re/$ 8   
head4' ',& ,i w\ld   h y take he$1'     
cries my "l1 'h[ y suff] y\r tongue to  
wag 9 an unseemly mann] an5t h] grace's 

maje/y & 8 grace my   fa!r & ! ,que5 (  
,scots1 :o is k9swoman to bo?1 & ev5    
n[ a prison]1 :i* %\ld make m5 c>eful h[
 !y speak ( h]   :o _c speak 9 h] own   
cause2 = x is a v inhuman "p1 my   "l1  
to tread on su* z mis=tune has ca/ d[n4'
 ,!re 0 a   nobl5ess 9 ^! words su* z ,i
 h (t5 tak5 note ( 9 my   "l1 ?\gh s "y1
 & :i* 8 playmate yield$ to2 s t   no?+ 
m 0 said at t "t an5t ^? matt]s1 :i*    
inde$   d seem too weighty to be        
disc\rs$ ^u by "y folks4 ,b ,i h   ?\ght
 s9ce on ! l9es :i* 'tis said ! que5's  
maje/y wrote   :5 %e 0 h]self a prison]1
 :i* beg91      ',o ,=tune6 h[ ?y       
re/less1 wav]+ /ate     ,ha? fraught )  
c>es my tr\bl$ wit2     ,witness ?is    
pres5t prison1 :i!r fate     ,c\ld be>  
me1 & ! joys ,i quit'--    & wond]$ %e  
%\ld h no great] pity on ^? 9 ! same    
plight1 z s _m be at ?is "t4 ,ah me6 ,i 
w\ld n keep a bird   9 a cage an ,i c\ld
 help x1 & 'tis sad m5 are n m t5d]   ( 
su* z are ( a l nature ) !mselves6      
,my "l 0 away "s days aft] ?is at ,ox=d1

 :i!r he _h   be5 c>ri$ to be pres5t at 
! que5's visit1 & at ! play (   ,palamon
 & ,arcite1 :i* h] maje/y he>d 9 !      
common hall (   ,*ri/'s ,*ur*4 ,"o ev5+1
 z my lady ,m>g>et & ,i 7l two   tw9    
*]ries on "o /alk1 my "l w\ld say1 = he 
is mightily   tak5 ) ! /age-plays he do?
 he>1 & ha? a trick ( fram+   8 spee* f 
!m7 7 sitt+ at ! w9d[ ne> unto !   g>d5 
practis+ our lutes & s++ madrigals1 he  
surpris$ u   ) 8 sweet company1 9 :i* ,i
 f9d an ev] increas+ cont5t1   & cri$   
out z he approa*$1 ',ladies1 ,i hold ?is
 s5t5ce ( !   poet z a canon ( my cre$1 
t :om ,god love? n1 !y love n   music4' 
,& !n he said t albeit ,italian 0 a v   
h>moni\s   & sweet language :i*         
pleasantly tickle? ! e>1 he = 8   "p    
lov$ ,engli% be/1 ev5 9 s++4 ,^u :i*1   
f9d+ him 9   ! humor = discreet #afh &  
s5sible conv]sation1 :i*1   albeit he   
ha? good p>ts & a ready wit1 is n always
 ! case1   by reason ( 8 be+1 z boys    
mo/ly are1 prone to wagg+1 ,i took      
occasion to relate :at ,i _h he>d my ,"l

 ( ,arundel say t\*+   8 visit to ! c\rt
 ( ,brussels1 :5 ! ,du*ess ( ,p>ma      
invit$ him to a banquet to meet ! ,pr9ce
 ( ,orange & mo/ (   ! *ief c\rti]s4 ,! 
disc\rse 0 c>ri$ on 9 ,fr5*2 b my   "l1 
albeit he c\ld speak well 9 t language1 
nev]!less made   use ( an int]pret]4 ,at
 ! :i* ! ,pr9ce ( ,orange express$   8  
surprise to ,sir ,john ,wilson1 :o 0    
pres5t1 t an ,engli%   nobleman ( s     
great bir? & bre$+ %\ld be ignorant ( ! 
,fr5* tongue1 :i* ! e>l pres5tly he>+1  
said1 ',tell !   pr9ce t ,i l to speak 9
 t language 9 :i* ,i c be/   utt] my m9d
 & n mi/ake4' ,& ,i p]ceive1 my "l1' ,i 
said1   't y are ( a l m9d ) 8 lord%ip1 
& no lov] (   new-fangl$ & curi\s t]ms4'
    ,^u :i* my de> e>l laugh$1 & relat$ 
unto u h[ ! que5   _h be5 pleas$ to take
 notice ( him at ,ox=d1 & spoke m]rily  
to him ( 8 m>riage4 ',& pri!e1 ,phil1   
:at 7 h] highness's   words8' quo? 8    
pry+ si/]1 l a true daught] ( ,eve4 ,at 
:i* my "l /rok$ 8 *91 z if to smoo? 8   
be>d :i* is   /ill to come1 & said h]   

maje/y _h cri$1 ',god's pity1 *ild1   ?\
 wilt tire ( ?y wife a=e y h bo? left ! 
nurs]y4'   ',alack1' cri$ ,meg1 'if any 
b h] highness _h said x1 ?y h&   w\ld h 
be5 on ?y sword1 bro!r1 & ,i'll w>rant  
?\ did/   turn z r$ z a turkey-cock1 :5 
h] maje/y ?us titl$ !e a   baby4 ,nay1 d
 n fr[n1 b be a good "l to u1 & tell    
,nan &   me if ! que5 said aught else4' 
,!n my "l cle>$ 8 br[1 &   relat$ h[ 9 !
 hunt+ sc5e 9 ! play1 :5 ! cry ( !      
h\nds 0 he>d outside ! /age1 :i* 0      
excell5tly well   imitat$1 "s s*ol>s :o 
7 seat$ ne> him1 & he mu/   confess     
himself also1 did %\t1 ',!re1 !re--he's 
caught1 he's   caught6' ^u :i* h]       
grace's maje/y laugh$1 & m]rily cri$    
out f h] box1 ',^? boys 9 v tro? are    
ready to leap out (   ! w9d[s6' ',& _h y
 su* pleasant sports ea* day1 bro!r8'   
quo? our ,meg4 ',no1 by my tro?1' my "l 
answ]$2 '! m's !   pity2 = ! next day   
!re 0 a disputation held 9 physic &     
div9ity f two to sev52 & ,dr4 ,we/phal+ 
held =? at s   great l5g? t h] maje/y   

s5t ^w to him to end 8 disc\rse   )\t   
delay1 to ! great relief & com=t ( all  
pres5t4 ,b   he w\ld n give ov]1 le/1   
hav+ committ$ all to memory1 he   %\ld  
=get ! re/ if he omitt$ any "p ( x1 & be
 br\ght   to %ame be=e ! univ]sity & !  
c\rt4' ',:at said h]   highness :5 %e   
saw he he$$ n h] comm&s8' ,meg ask$4    
',%e   0 ang]$ at fir/1' quo? my "l1 't 
he dur/ g on ) 8   disc\rse :5 %e _h s5t
 him ^w pres5tly to /op1 :]eby %e   _h  
h]self be5 prev5t$ f speak+1 :i* !      
,spani%   ,ambassador _h ask$ h] to d2 b
 :5 %e he>d ! reason x   mov$ h] to     
laught]1 & %e titl$ him a p>rot4'    ',&
 spoke n h] maje/y at all8' ,i ask$2 &  
my "l said1 ',%e   w\ld n h be5 a woman1
 ,nan1 an %e _h held h] tongue aft]     
be+ once resolv$ to use x4 ,%e made !   
next day an oration 9   ,lat91 & /opp$ 9
 ! mid/ to bid my ,"l ,burleigh be      
seat$1   & n to /& pa9fully on 8 g\ty   
feet4 ,be%rew me1 b ,i   ?9k %e did x to
 %[ ! poor dean h[ mu* bett] h] memory  
s]v$ h] ?an 8 _h done1 = %e look$ r\nd  

to :]e he 0   /&+ ere %e resum$ h]      
disc\rse4 ,& n[1 ,meg1 cle> ?y   ?roat &
 tune ?y pipe1 = n ano!r ^w w ,i speak  
till   ?\ ha/ sung t ditty good ,mr4    
,m>t9 set to music = !e4' ,i   h set x  
d[n "h1 ,mi/ress ,con/ance1 ) ! notes z 
#afi   %e sung x1 t y may s+ x also2 & n
 l x ! less t   my qua9t fancy pictures 
! maid5 ! poet s+s (1 9 h] 'frock   (   
frolic gre51' l unto my sweet fri5d :o  
dwells n f> f   "o ( ! fair riv]s !re9  
nam$4      ,a knight1 z antique /ories  
tell1     ,a daught] _h nam$ ,dawsabel1 
,a maid5 fair & free2     ,%e wore a    
frock ( frolic gre51     ,might well    
become a maid5 que51         ,:i* seemly
 0 to see4      ,! silk well c\ld %e    
twi/ & tw9e1     ,& make ! f9e ,m>* p9e1
     ,& ) ! ne$le "w2     ,& %e c\ld    
help ! prie/ to say     ,8 mat9s on a   
holy day1     ,& s+ a psalm 9 kirk4     
,h] features all z fre% above     ,z is 
! grass t gr[s by ,dove1     ,& ly! z   
lass ( ,k5t2     ,h] sk9 z s(t z ,le9/] 
wool1     ,& :ite z sn[ on ,p5hisk      

,hull1     ,or swan t swims on ,tr5t4   
,?is maid5 on a morn betime     ,goes =?
 :5 ,may is 9 its prime1     ,to get    
sweet setywall1     ,! honeysuckle1 !   
hurlock1     ,! lily & ! lady-smock1    
,to deck h] fa!r's hall4    ',ah1' cri$ 
my "l1 :5 ,meg _h end$ h] song1 be%rew  
me1 if   ,monsieur ,seba/ian's madrigals
 are "o-half s da9ty z ?is   ,engli%    
piece ( h>mony4' ,& !n1--= 8 lord%ip's  
head is at   pres5t runn+ on pageants   
su* z he witness$ at ,nonsu* & at       
,ox=d1--he w\ld h me call into ! g>d5   
,madge & ,bess1   :il/ he fet*$ 8 bro!rs
 to take "p 9 a ,may game1 n   inde$ 9  
season n[1 b :i*1 he says1 is too good  
sport n to   be foll[$ all ! ye> r\nd4  
,s he mu/ ne$s dress himself z   ,rob9  
,hood1 ) a wrea? on 8 head & a %eaf (   
arr[s 9 8   girdle1 & me z ,maid ,m>ian2
 & ,meg1 = t %e is tall] by an   in* ?an
 any ( u1 ?\gh y\ng] ?an him & me1 he   
said %\ld   play ,little ,john1 & ,bess 
,fri> ,tuck1 = t %e looks s   gleesome &
 has a face s r$ & r\nd4 ',& ,tom1' he  

cri$1 '?\   ne$/ n be at pa9s to *ange  
?y "n1 = we w dub !e ,tom   ! pip]4' ',&
 :at is ,w to be8' ask$ my ,lady ,bess1 
:o1 s9ce   ,i be titl$ ,c\ntess (       
,surrey1 mu/ ne$s be /yl$ ,my ,lady     
,william   ,h[>d4' ',:y1 !re's only !   
fool left1' quo? my "l1 '= ?y   swee!>t 
to play1 ,bess4' ,at ! :i* h] lady%ip & 
8   lord%ip too began to /amp & cry1 &  
w\ld h sobb$ outright1   b sweet ,madge1
 ^: face waxes s :ite & h] eyes s l>ge &
   blue t me?9ks %e is m l to an angel  
?an a *ild1 put   out h] little ?9 h&s )
 a pretty ge/ure1 & said1 ',i'll be   ! 
fool1 bro!r ,surrey1 & ,w %all be !     
dragon1 & ,bess   ride ! hobby-horse1 an
 x w please h]4' ',nay1 b %e is ,fri>   
,tuck1' quo? my "l1 '& %\ld n ride4' ',&
 pri!e :]e=e   no8' cri$ ! =w>d imp1 :o1
 n[ %e no m fe>s h] gr&am's   rod1 has  
gr[n v saucy & bold2 ':y %\ld n ! good  
fri>   ride1 an x do? pleasure him8'    
,at ! :i* we laugh$ & fell to act+ our  
p>ts ) no little   m]rim5t & noise1 &   
sundry repreh5sions f my "l :5 we       

mi/ook our po/ures or ! l9es he w\ld h u
 to recite4 ,& at   ! end he set up a   
pole on ! grass-plat = ! ,may+1 & we    
danc$ & sung ar\nd x to a m]ry tune1 :i*
 set our feet fly+   9 "t ) ! music3    
,n[ 9 ! mon? ( may+1     ,:5 ! m]ry lads
 are play+1         ,fa1 la1 la4        
,ea* ) 8 bonny lasse1     ,^u ! gre5y   
grasse1         ,fa1 la1 la4    ,madge 0
 n /rong en\gh to dance1 b %e /ole away 
to ga!r   :ite & blue violets1 & made a 
fair g>l& to set on my head1   to my    
"l's great cont5t1 & w\ld h me unloose  
my hair on my   %\ld]s1 :i* fell ne>ly  
to my feet1 & wav$ 9 ! w9d 9 a   wild   
fa%ion2 :i* he said 0 beseem+ = a bold  
outlaw's bride1   & :at he _h se5 9 !   
,maid ,m>ian1 :o _h play$ 9 !   pageant 
at ,nonsu*4 ,mrs4 ,fawcett misd\bt$ t   
?is sport ( ours   %\ld be approv$ by   
,mr4 ,*>ke1 :o calls all #agj /age-play+
   ,satan's recreations1 & a sure road  
unto hell2 & t we %all   he> on x 9 8   
next prea*m5t2 = he has held =? to h] at
   l5g? on t same po9t1 & upbraid$ h] = 

t %e did suff]   su* fooli% & pr(ane    
pa/imes to be c>ri$ on 9 8 grace's      
h\se4 ,ah me6 ,i see no h>m 9 x2 & if1  
:5 my "l visits me1 ,i   play n ) him z 
he *ooses1 'tis n a ?+ to be expect$   t
 he w come only to s+ psalms or play    
*ess1 :i* ,mr4   ,*>ke holds to be !    
only game x befits ,*ri/ians to ent]ta9 
!mselves )4 ',tis h>d to "k :at is "r & 
wrong :5   p]sons be ( su* diff]5t m9ds1
 & no gho/ly advis] to be   _h1 su* z ,i
 0 us$ to at my gr&mo!r's h\se4    ,all1
 ,mi/ress ,con/ance6 :5 ,i la/ wrote    
unto y ,i said tr\bles   0 ! ^w 9 e "o's
 m\?1 & ere ,i _h f9i%$ ?is   lett]--:i*
 ,i 0 !n writ+1 & h kept by me ev]      
s9ce--:at1 ?9k y1 has befall5 u8 ',tis  
an5t ! m>riage (   8 grace ) ! ,que5 (  
,scots2 :i* ,i n[ d wi% x _h   pleas$   
,god none _h ev] ?\ght (4 ,"s weeks s9ce
 my "l _h   told me1 ) great glee1 t !  
,spani% ambassador 0 ab\t to   petition 
h] maje/y ! que5 = ! release ( h]       
highness's   c\s92 & ,hig=d & ,banni/]1 
& ! re/ ( 8 grace's   h\sehold--:om1    

s9ce ,mr4 ,m>t9 w5t beyond seas1 my "l  
sp5ds   mu* ( 8 "t )1 & m ( x me?9ks ?an
 is beseem+ or   to ! pr(it ( 8 mann]s &
 advancem5t ( 8 behavior--h   told him t
 ?is w\ld prep>e ! way = !              
greatly-to-be-desir$ end ( 8 grace's    
m>riage ) t que52   & my "l 0 reckon+ up
 all ! f9e sports & pageants &   noble  
ent]ta9m5ts w\ld be enact$ at ,k5n+hall 
& ,!t=d   :5 t "r pr9cely w$d+ %\ld take
 place2 & h[ he   %\ld himself c>ry !   
tra9 ( ! que5-du*ess :5 %e w5t   into   
*ur*2 :o 0 ! faire/ woman1 he said1 9 ! 
:ole _w1   & none ev] se5 to be comp>$ )
 h] s9ce ! days ( ,grecian   ,hel54 ,b  
:51 "s days ago1 ,i que/ion$ my "l t\*+ 
!   success ( ! ambassador's suits1 & ! 
que5's answ] !reto1   he said3 ',by my  
tro?1 ,nan1 ,i und]/& t h] highness s5t 
away   ! gooseman1 = s %e entitl$ ,s5or 
,guzman1 ) a flea 9 8   e>2 = %e said he
 _h come on a fool's err&1 & gave him = 
h] answ] t %e w\ld advise ! ,que5 (     
,scots to be> h]   condition ) less     
impati5ce1 or %e might *ance to f9d "s (

   ^? on :om %e reli$ %ort] by a head4' 
,oh1 my "l1' ,i cri$2   'my de> ,phil6  
,god s5d %e 0 n speak+ ( 8 grace y\r    
fa!r6' ',nan1' quo? he1 '%e look$ at 8  
grace ! next day )   looks ( s great    
ang] & disda91 t my "l ( ,leice/]--t    
false & villa9\s knave--gave signs ( s  
great triumph z if 8   grace 0 ev5 on 8 
way to ! ,t[]4 ,be%rew me1 if ,i w\ld n 
run my rapi] ?r\gh 8 body if ,i c\ld6'  
',& :]e is 8 grace   at pres5t8' ,i     
ask$4 ',he came to t[n night1' quo? my  
"l1 ')   my ,arundel1 & ?is morn+ w5t   
,k5n+hall4' ,aft] ?is = "s   days ,i    
he>d no m1 = a new tutor came to my "l1 
:o suff]s   him n to /ay 9 ! wait+-room 
) 8 grace's g5tlem51 &   keeps s /rict a
 h& ov] him t\*+ 8 /udies1 t 9 8   brief
 h\rs ( recreation he w\ld r play at    
quoits1 & o!r   active pa/imes1 ?an     
conv]se ) 8 lady4 ,alack6 ,i wi% he 7   
a few ye>s old]1 & ,i %\ld h m com=t (  
him ?an n[1   :5 ,i mu/ ne$s put up ) 8 
humors1 :i* be z *angeful1 by   reason (
 8 great y\?1 z ! lights & %ades on !   

grass   'nea? an asp5-tree4 ,i mu/ be   
?r[+ a ball = h\rs1 or   le>n+ a        
/age-"p1 :5 ,i w\ld fa9 speak ( !       
weighty   matt]s :i* be on h&1 su* z ,i 
h told y (4 ,h[soev]1 z   good luck w\ld
 h x1 my ,lady ,lumley s5t = me to sp5d 
#aga   ! day ) h]2 & f h] lady%ip ,i    
le>nt t 8 grace _h   writt5 to ! que5 t 
he _h )drawn f ! c\rt because (   ! pa9 
he felt at h] displeasure1 & 8          
mortification at !   treatm5t he _h be5 
subject$ to by ! insol5ce ( 8 foes1 by  
:om he has be5 made a common table talk2
 & t h] maje/y _h   laid ^u him h]      
comm&s /raightway to return to c\rt4 ,t 
0   all 0 kn[n t day2 b at ! v "t t ,i 0
 writ+ !   fir/ ( ^! woeful tid+s to y1 
,mi/ress ,con/ance1 8 grace--   :om ,i  
n[ "k t ,i d love de>ly1 & ) a true     
daught]'s   he>t1 by ! dreadful fe> &   
pa9 ,i am 9--0 arre/$ at   ,burnham1 :]e
 he _h /opp$ on 8 road to ,w9dsor1 &    
committ$   to ! ,t[]4 ,alack6 alack6 :at
 w foll[8 ,i w leave ?is my   lett] op5 
until ,i h fur!r news to s5d4    ,8     

grace 0 exam9$ ?is day be=e my ,"l-keep]
 ,bacon1 & my   ,lords ,nor?ampton1     
,sadl]1 ,b$=d1 & ,cecil2 & !y h         
report$ to h] maje/y t ! duke _h n put  
himself "u   p5alty ( ! law by any ov]t 
act ( treason1 & t x w\ld be   difficult
 to convict him )\t ?is4 ,my ,"l (      
,arundel1 at ^:   h\se ,i 0 :5 ^! tid+s 
came1 said h] maje/y 0 s ang]$   at ?is 
judgm5t1 t %e cri$ out 9 a passion1     
',away6 :at !   law fails to d my       
au?ority %all effect2' & /raightway fell
   into a fit1 h] passion 0 s great2 &  
!y 7 =c$ to apply   v9eg> to re/ore h]4 
,i _h a wick$ ?\ght come into my m9d1   
,mi/ress ,con/ance1 t ,i %\ld n h be5   
conc]n$ if !   que5's maje/y _h di$ 9 t 
fit1 :i* ,i befe> me 0 high   treason1 &
 a mortal s91 to wi% = "o to die 9 a    
/ate ( s94   ,b1 alack6 s9ce ,i h left  
go+ to %rift ,i f9d x h>d to   fight    
aga9/ bad ?\ghts & naughty temp]s2 & :5 
,i say my   pray]s1 & ! old words come  
to my lips1 :i* ! prea*m5ts ,i   he> d  
contradict1 ,i am sometimes well-nigh   

tempt$ to give ov]   pray+ at all4 ,b ,i
 pray to ,god ,i may nev] be s wick$2 & 
?\gh ,i may n h my beads 7:i* 7 tak5 f  
me71 t !   good ,bi%op ( ,durham gave me
 :5 ,i 0 confirm$1 ,i use my f+]s   9 _!
 /ead2 & :il/ 8 grace 0 at ! ,t[] ,i did
 say z   _m ',hail ,m>ies' 9 "o day z ,i
 ev] did 9 my life be=e2 &   promis$    
him1 :o is ,god's own de> ,son & h]s1 if
 8 grace came   out ( prison1 nev] to be
 a day ( my life )\t say+ a pray]1   or 
giv+ an alms1 or do+ a good turn to ^?  
:i* be 9 !   same case1 ne> at h& or    
?r\gh\t ! _w2 & ,i we5 !re   are _m su* 
( all sorts at ?is "t4    ,y\r lov+     
s]vant to comm&1 ^: he>t is at pres5t   
heavi]   ?an h] p51             ,,ann   
,,surrey4    ,p4 ,s4 ,my ,"l (          
,we/morel& has left ,london1 & 8 lady is
 9 a   sad plight4 ,i he> su* ?+s said  
on all sides t\*+ ,papi/s z   ,i c sc>ce
 cr$it1 & ,i pray to ,god !y be n true4 
,b an if   !y be s bad z "s d say1 :y   
does 8 grace run 8 head into   dang] = !
 sake ( ! ,popi% que51 z m5 d /yle h]8  

,!y   h arre/$ ,hig=d & ,banni/] la/    
night1 & !y are to   ta/e ( ! rack      
to-day1 to satisfy ! que51 :o is s urg5t
 on   x4 ,my "l is greatly conc]n$      
!reat1 & cri$ :5 he spoke (   x1 albeit 
he tri$ to hide 8 te>s4 ,i ask$ him to  
%[ me :at   sort ( pa9 x 02 :]eupon he  
twi/$ my arm till ,i cri$ out   & bade  
him desi/4 ,god help me6 ,i c\ld n h    
endur$ ! pa9   an in/ant long]2 & if !y 
h naught to tell an5t ^! plots   & aga9/
 8 grace1 !y ne$s mu/ speak :at is false
 :5   "u ! rack4 ,oh1 'tis t]rible to   
?9k :at m5 d suff] &   cause o!rs to    
suff]6  ,?is lett] came into my h& on a 
day :5 my fa!r _h gone into ,li*field   
t\*+ "s bus9ess2 & #agb he br\ght ) x ! 
news ( a ris+ 9 ! nor?1 & t 8 ,grace (  
,nor?umb]l& & my ,"l ( ,we/morel& _h    
tak5 arms on he>+ ( ! ,duke ( ,norfolk's
 arre/2 & ! ,ca?olics1 "u ,mr4 ,ri*>d   
,norton & ,"l ,latim]1 _h jo9$ _! /&>d1 
& 7 be>+ ! cross be=e ! insurg5ts4 ,my  
fa!r 0 sore ca/ d[n at ^! tid+s2 = he   
look$ = no good f :at 0 rebellion aga9/ 

a lawful sov]eign1 & a consort+ )       
tr\blesome spirits1 sway$ by no love (  
our holy religion b r contr>y to x1 z my
 ,"l ( ,we/morel& & "s o!rs ( ^? lead+  
lords4 ,& he h5ce =ebod$ fre% trials to 
all su* z 7 ( ! anci5t fai? all ov]     
,engl&2 :i* 0 n long 9 accru+ ev5 9 our 
own case2 = a %ort "t aft]1 we 7 = !    
fir/ "t visit$ by pursuivants1 on a day 
& 9 su* a mann] z ,i w n[ briefly       
relate4   ,,*apt] ,,iv4  ,on ! ,sunday  
morn+ :i* foll[$ ! day on :i* ! news _h 
rea*$ u ( ! ris+ 9 ,nor?umb]l&1 ,i w5t1 
z 0 my wont1 into my "m's dress+-room1  
to crave h] bless+1 & ,i ask$ ( h] if ! 
prie/ :o came to say mass = u mo/       
,sundays _h arriv$4 ,%e said he _h be51 
& _h gone away aga91 & t %e greatly fe>$
 we %\ld h no pray]s t day1 sav+ su* z  
we might (f] up = ourselves2 toge!r1 %e 
add$ aft] a pause1 ) a bitt] sacrifice (
 te>s & ( su* suff]+s z we h he>d (1 b z
 yet n kn[n ! ta/e ( ourselves4  ,aga9  
,i felt 9 my he>t a ?robb+ feel+1 :i* _h
 9 x an admixture ( pa9 & joy--made up1 

,i we51 ( conflict+ passions--su* z     
curiosity fe$+ on ! pres5tm5t ( an      
approa*+ *ange2 ( ! motions ( grace 9 a 
s\l :i* fa9tly disc]ns ! happ9ess (     
suff]+ = consci5ce sake2 & ! fe> (      
suff]+ natural to ! human he>t4  ,:y are
 we to h no mass1 sweet "m8 ,i ask$1    
encircl+ h] wai/ 9 my arms2 & :]e=e has 
good ,mr4 ,bryan gone away8  ,we receiv$
 advice late la/ ev5+1 %e answ]$1 t !   
que5's pursuivants h ord]s to se>* ?is  
day ! h\ses ( ! mo/ not$ recusants 9 ?is
 neighborhood2 & 'tis likely !y may beg9
 ) u1 :o h nev] made a secret ( our     
fai?1 & nev] w4  ,& w !y kill u if !y   
come8 ,i ask$1 ) t same trembl+ eag]ness
 ,i h s (t5 kn[n s9ce :5 dang] 0 at h&4 
,n n[1 n to-day1 ,conny1 %e answ]$2 b ,i
 pray to ,god !y d n c>ry u away to     
prison2 = s9ce ?is ris+ 9 ! nor?1 to be 
a ,ca?olic & a traitor is "o & ! same 9 
_! eyes :o h to judge u4 ,we mu/ ne$s   
hide our books & *ur* furniture2 s give 
me ?y beads1 sweet "o1 & ! cross f ?y   
neck4  ,i wax$ r$ :5 my "m bade me      

unloose ! /r+1 & tightly clasp$ ! cross 
9 bo? my h&s ,let !m kill me1 "m1 ,i    
cri$2 b take n (f my cross4  ,maybe1 %e 
said1 ! que5's (fic]s w\ld trample on x1
 & injure _! own s\ls 9 di%onor+ a holy 
symbol4 ,& z %e spoke %e took x f me1 & 
hid x 9 a recess beh9d ! *imney2 :i* no 
soon] 0 done1 ?an we he>d a s\nd (      
horses' feet 9 ! approa*2 & go+ to !    
w9d[1 ,i cri$ out1 ,"h is a /ore ( arm$ 
m5 on horseback6 ,ere ,i _h utt]$ !     
words1 "o ( !m _h dism\nt$ & l\dly      
knock$ at ! door ) 8 trun*eon2 ^u :i* my
 "m1 tak+ me by ! h&1 w5t d[n /airs into
 ! p>lor :]e my fa!r 04 ,x seem$ z if ^?
 knocks _h /ruck on h] he>t1 s great a  
trembl+ came ov] h]4 ,my fa!r bade !    
s]vants ?r[ #agc op5 ! door2 & ! %]iff  
came 91 ) two pursuivants & "s m m5 )   
him1 & produc$ a w>rant to se>* ! h\se2 
:i* my fa!r hav+ read1 he b[$ 8 head1 & 
gave ord]s n to h9d] !m 9 _! duty4 ,he  
/ood himself ! :ile 9 ! hall1 8 face z  
:ite z a smock1 & 8 tee? almo/ runn+    
?r\gh 8 lips4  ,"o ( ! m5 came into !   

libr>y1  & pull+ d[n ! books1 scatt]$ !m
 on ! floor1 & cri$3  ,look ye "h1 sirs1
 :at ,popi% /uff is ?is1 fit = !        
hangman's burn+6 ,at ! :i* ano!r answ]$3
  ,by my tro?1 ,sam1 ,i misd\bt t ?\    
can/ read4 ,me?9ks ?\ do/ hunt ,pop]y z 
dogs d game1 by ! sc5t4 ,pri!e spell me 
! title ( ?is volume4  ,i w h none ( ?y 
gib+1 ,ma/] ,sev5oaks1 return$ ! o!r4   
,:e!r ,i be a s*ol> or n1 ,i'll w>rant  
no hone/ gospell] wrote on ^? yell[ mu/y
 leaves1 :i* be two hundr$ ye>s old1 if 
!y be a day4  ,& ,i'll w>rant !e 9 t    
cr$5ce1 ,ma/] ,samuel1 by ! same tok5 t 
! volume 9 ?y h& is a treatise on       
field-sports1 writ 9 ! days ( ,ma/]     
,caxton2 a code ( ! laws to be obs]v$ 9 
! hunt+ & kill+ ( de]1 :i* ,i take to be
 no ,popi% sport1 = our mo/ graci\s     
que5--,god save h] maje/y6--slew a fat  
buck n long ago 9 ,w9dsor ,=e/ ) h] own 
h&1 & rememb]$ 8 grace ( ,cant]bury )   
half h] prey2 & s say+1 he drew 8       
comrade f ! room2 ,i we5 ) ! int5t to   
save ! books f 8 r\gh h&l+1 = he seem$ (

 a m g5tle nature ?an ! re/ & ( a m     
mod]ate disposition4  ,:5 !y _h ransack$
 all ! rooms bel[1 !y w5t up/airs1 & my 
fa!r foll[$4 ,break+ f my "m's side1 :o 
sat pale & /ill z a /atute1 unable to   
move f h] seat1 ,i ran aft] him1 & on ! 
l&+-place ,i he>d ! %]iff say some:at   
t\*+ ! h>bor+ ( prie/s2 to ! :i* he made
 answ] t he 0 ready to swe> !re 0 no    
prie/ 9 ! h\se4 ,nor has be58 quo? !    
%]iff2 ^u :i* my fa!r said3  ,good sir1 
?is h\se 0 built 9 ! days ( ,h] maje/y's
 gr&fa!r1 ,k+ ,h5ry ,,vii42 & on "o     
occasion 8 maje/y 0 pleas$ to re/ "u my 
gr&fa!r's ro(1 & to he> mass 9 t room1  
he said1 po9t+ to :at 0 n[ ! *apel1 !   
*ur* be+ too di/ant = 8 maje/y's        
conv5i5ce3 s prie/s h be5 )9 ^! walls _m
 times ere ,i 0 born4  ,! %]iff said no 
m at t "t1 b w5t into ! room1 :]e !re 7 
only a few *airs1 = t 9 ! night ! alt> &
 all t app]ta9$ to x _h be5 remov$4 ,he 
& 8 m5 7 go+ out aga91 :5 a l\d knock+ 0
 he>d aga9/ ! wall on "o side ( ! *amb]2
 at ! s\nd ( :i* my fa!r's face1 :i* 0  

:ite be=e1 became ( an a%y pal5ess4     
,ah6 cri$ "o ( ! pursuivants1 ! ly+     
,papi/6 ,! egregi\s ,roman6 an oa? is 9 
8 m\? t he has no prie/ 9 8 h\se1 & "h  
is "o hidd5 9 8 cupbo>d4  ,mr4 ,%]wood6 
! %]iff %\t$1 greatly mov$1 lead ! way  
to ! hid+-place :]e9 a traitor is       
conceal$1 or ,i ord] ! h\se to be pull$ 
d[n ab\t y\r e>s4  ,my fa!r 0 /&+ l "o  
/unn$ by a sudd5 bl[1 & ,i he>d him     
murmur1 ',tis ! devil's own do+1 or else
 ,i am />k1 />+ mad4  ,! m5 ran to !    
wall1 & knock$ aga9/ x ) _! /icks1 cry+ 
out 9 an outrage\s mann] to ! prie/ to  
come out ( 8 hole4 ,we'll une>? !       
,jesuit fox1 cri$ "o2 we'll give him a  
bett] lodg+ 9 ,li*field gaol1 %\t$      
ano!r2 & ! %]iff kept ?reat5+ to set    
fire to ! h\se4 ,/ill ! knock+ f )9 w5t 
on1 z if #agd answ]+ t outside1 & !n a  
voice cri$ out1 ,i _c op53 ,i am %ut 94 
',tis ,edmund6 ,i exclaim$2 'tis ,edmund
 is 9 ! hid+-place4 ,& !n ! words 7     
di/9ctly he>d1 ',tis ,i2 'tis ,edmund   
,g5+s4 ,= ,god's sake1 op52 ,i am %ut 94

 ,^u :i* my fa!r drew a deep brea?1 &   
ha/5+ =w>d1 press$ 8 f+] on a place 9 ! 
wall1 ! panel slipp$1 & ,edmund came out
 ( ! recess1 look+ sc>$ & confus$4 ,!   
pursuivants seiz$ him2 b ! %]iff cri$   
out1 surpris$1 ,god's dea?1 sirs6 b 'tis
 ! son ( ! wor%ipful ,mr4 ,g5+s1 ^: lady
 is a "m 9 ,israel1 & ,m4 ,jean de      
,luc's fir/ c\s96 ,& h[ came ye1 ,mr4   
,edmund1 to be conceal$ 9 ?is ,popi% d58
 ,h ^! recusants imprison$ y ) "s f\l   
int5t1 or p]v]t$ y by _! vile cunn+8    
,edmund 0 address+ my fa!r 9 an agitat$ 
voice4  ,i fe> me1 sir1 he cri$1 clasp+ 
8 h&s1 ,i befe> me mu* ,i h affright$ y1
 & ,i h be5 myself sorely affright$4 ,i 
0 pass+ ?r\gh ?is room1 :i* ,i h nev]   
be=e se51 & ! door ( :i* 0 op5 ?is morn4
 ,by *ance ,i drew my h& along ! wall1  
:]e !re 0 no app>5t m>k1 :5 ! panel     
slipp$ & disclos$ ?is recess1 into :i*  
,i /epp$1 & /raightway ! op5+ clos$ & ,i
 rema9$ 9 d>kness4 ,i 0 afraid no "o    
might he> me1 & ,i %\ld die ( hung]4    
,my fa!r tri$ to smile1 b c\ld n4 ,?ank 

,god1 he said1 'tis no worse2 & s9k+ d[n
 on a *air he rema9$ sil5t1 :il/ ! %]iff
 & ! pursuivants exam9$ ! recess1 :i* 0 
deep & n>r[1 & 9 :i* !y br&i%$ _! swords
 9 all directions4 ,!n !y w5t r\nd !    
room1 feel+ ! walls2 b ?\gh !re 0 ano!r 
recess ) a simil> mode ( ap]ture1 !y hit
 n on x1 d\btless ?r\gh ,god's m]cy2 = 9
 x 7 conceal$ ! alt> furniture & our    
books1 ) _m o!r ?+s besides1 :i* !y w\ld
 h seiz$ on4  ,be=e go+ away1 ! %]iff   
que/ion$ ,edmund conc]n+ 8 fai?1 & = :at
 reason he abode 9 a ,popi% h\se &      
consort$ ) recusants4 ,edmund answ]$ he 
0 no ,papi/1 b a k9sman ( ,mrs4 ,%]wood1
 unto ^: h\se 8 fa!r _h (t5times s5t    
him4 ,^u :i* he 0 c\nsell$ to take he$  
unto himself & to es*ew evil company1   
:i* leads to horrible defections1 & into
 ! /raight road to p]dition4 ,:]eupon !y
 dep>t$2 & ! (fic] :o _h entic$ 8       
companion f ! libr>y smil$ z he pass$   
me1 & said3  ,& :]e=e n at pray]s1      
little mi/ress1 on ! ,"l's day1 z all   
,*ri/ian folks %\ld be8  ,i we5 he 0    

curi\s to see h[ ,i %\ld answ]1 albeit n
 mov$ !reunto by any malici\s int5t4 ,b 
at ! "t ,i did n be?9k myself t he spoke
 ( ,prote/ant s]vice2 & be+ ang]$ at :at
 pass$1 ,i said3  ,because we be kept f 
pray]s by ! lea/ welcome visit ev] made 
to ,*ri/ian folks on a ,"l's morn+4 ,he 
laugh$ & cri$3  ,?\ ha/ a ready tongue1 
"y mi/ress2 & :5 tri$ = recusancy ,i    
w>rant ?\'lt give ! judge a piece ( ?y  
m9d4  ,& if ,i ev] be 9 su* a pres5ce1 &
 = su* a cause1 ,i answ]$1 ,i pray to   
,god ,i may say to my "l on ! b5* :at ! 
bless$ apo/le ,/4 ,pet] spoke to 8      
judges3 ',if x be j 9 ! sight ( ,god to 
he> y r ?an ,god1 judge ye4' ,at :i* he 
cri$3  ,:y1 "h is a m>vel inde$--a      
,papi/ to quote ,scripture6 ,& laugh+   
aga91 he w5t 8 way2 & ! h\se 0 = t "t   
rid ( ^! tr\blesome gue/s4  ,!n ,edmund 
aga9 su$ = p>don to my fa!r1 t ?r\gh 8  
ra% conduct he _h be5 ! occasion ( s    
great fe> & tr\ble to him4  #age  ,i    
w>rant !e1 my good boy1 quo? my fa!r1 ?\
 did/ cause me ! mo/ ke5 angui%1 & ! mo/

 sudd5 relief f x1 :i* c well be ?\ght  
(2 & s no m ne$ be said !reon4 ,& z ?\  
mu/ ne$s be go+ to ! public *ur*1 'tis  
"t t ?\ be/ir ?yself2 = 'tis a long walk
 !re & back1 & ! sun wax+ hot4  ,:5     
,edmund 0 gone1 & ,i alone ) him1 my    
fa!r clasp$ me 9 8 arms1 & cri$3  ,god  
s5d1 my w5*1 ?\ maye/ ju/ify ?y sponsors
 :o gave !e ?y "n 9 baptism2 = 'tis a   
r>e con/ancy ^! times d call =1 & su* z 
is n (t5 se51 sav+ 9 su* z be ( a noble 
& religi\s _s2 :i* ,i pray to ,god may  
be ! case ) !e4  ,my "m did n speak1 b  
w5t away ) h] h& press$ aga9/ h] he>t2  
:i* 0 :at ( late ,i _h (t5 se5 h] to d1 
z if ! pa9 0 m ?an %e c\ld be>4  ,"o h\r
 lat]1 z ,i 0 cross+ ! c\rt1 a man met  
me suit$ z a f>m]2 :o1 :5 ,i pass$ him1 
laid 8 h& on my %\ld]2 at ! :i* ,i />t$1
 & turn+ r\nd saw x 0 ,fa!r ,bryan2 :o1 
smil+ z ,i caught 8 h&1 cri$ out3  ,do/ 
"k ! %eph]d 9 8 wolf's clo?+1 little    
mi/ress8 & ha/5+ on to ! *apel he said  
mass1 at ! :i* only a few assi/$1 z my  
p>5ts dur/ n s5d to ! ,ca?olics s late 9

 ! day4 ,z soon z mass 0 ov]1 ,mr4      
,bryan said he mu/ leave1 = !re 0 a     
w>rant issu$ = 8 appreh5sion2 & our h\se
 fam$ = recusancy1 s z he might n /ay 9 
x b ) great p]il to himself & to its    
own]s4 ,we /ood at ! door z he 0 m\nt+ 8
 horse1 & my fa!r said1 patt+ its neck3 
,tis a fai?ful s]vant ?is1 rev]5d fa!r2 
_m a mile he has c>ri$ !e to ! homes ( !
 sick & dy+ s9ce our tr\bles began4     
,ah6 good ,mr4 ,%]wood1 ,mr4 ,bryan     
repli$1 z he ga!r$ up ! bridle1 ?\ ha/  
inde$ w>rant to /yle ! poor bea/        
fai?ful4 ,if ,i 7 to %ut my eyes & let  
him g1 no d\bt b he w\ld f9d 8 way to ! 
doors ( su* z cleave to ! anci5t fai?1 9
 city or 9 hamlet1 across moor or ?r\gh 
?ick wood4 ,if a pursuivant be/rode him1
 he might discov] ?r\gh 8 means :o be   
recusants a hundr$ miles ar\nd4 ,b ,i   
be?9k me he w\ld n budge ) su* a bur!n  
on 8 back2 & t he :o made ! prophet's   
ass to speak1 w\ld1 give ! good bea/ m  
s5se ?an to turn in=m]1 & to c>ry ! wolf
 to ! folds ( ! lambs4 ,& pri!e1        

,mi/ress ,con/ance1 said ! good prie/1  
turn+ to me1 can/ keep a secret & be    
sil5t1 :5 m5's lives are 9 jeop>dy8     
,aye1 cri$ my fa!r quickly1 'tis z mu* z
 wor?y ,mr4 ,bryan's life is wor? t none
 %\ld "k he 0 "h to-day4  ,m ?an my poor
 life is wor?1 he rejo9$2 t 7 little to 
?9k (1 my good fri5ds4 ,= five ye>s ,i h
 made x my pray] t ! day may soon       
come--& ,i c>e n h[ soon--:5 ,i may lay 
x d[n = 8 sake :o gave x4 ,b we mu/ e'en
 h a c>e = ^? :o are s ra% z to h>bor   
prie/s 9 ^! evil times4 ,s ,mi/ress     
,con/ance mu/ e'en /udy ! virtue (      
sil5ce1 & con ! mean+ ( ! prov]b :i*    
tea*e? discretion to be ! be/ "p (      
valor4  ,if ,edmund ,g5+s aske? me1     
rev]5d fa!r1 if ,i h he>d mass to-day1  
:at mu/ ,i answ]8  ,say ! que5's maje/y 
has =bidd5 mass to be said 9 ?is h]     
k+dom2 & if he presse? !e m closely     
!reon1 :y !n tell him ! la/ news f !    
p\ltry-y>d1 & t ! h>es h eat ?y         
mignonette2 :i* !y be do+ ev5 n[1 if my 
eyes deceive me n1 said ! good fa!r1    

po9t+ ) 8 :ip to ! fl[]-g>d54  ,s1      
smil+1 he gave u a la/ bless+1 & rode on
 t[>d ! ,*ase1 & ,i w5t to drive ! h>es 
away #agf f ! fl[]-b$s1 & !n to set !   
*apel 9 fair ord]4 ,& ev] & anon1 t day 
& ! next1 ,i took out ( my pocket my    
sweet ,lady ,surrey's la/ lett]1 &      
pictur$ to myself all ! sc5es !re9      
relat$2 s t ,i seem$ to live "o-half (  
my life ) h] 9 ?\ght1 s greatly 0 my    
fancy set ^u h]1 & my he>t conc]n$ 9 h] 
tr\bles4   ,,*apt] ,v4  ,n _m days aft] 
! %]iff & ! pursuivants _h be5 at our   
h\se1 & ,mr4 ,bryan1 by reason ( !      
bloody laws :i* _h be5 enact$ aga9/     
,papi/s & su* z h>bor prie/s1 _h left   
u1-- ?\gh int5d+ to return at su* times 
z might s]ve our commodity1 & yet n     
affect our safety1--,i 0 "o morn+ assi/+
 my "m 9 ! /ore-room1 :]e9 %e 0 sett+   
aside su* provisions z 7 to be di/ribut$
 to ! poor t week1 toge!r ) salves1     
m$ic9es1 & ! l1 :i* %e also gave out (  
*>ity1 :5 a spasm came ov] h]1 s vehem5t
 & pa9ful1 t = ! mom5t %e lo/ ! use (   

spee*1 & made signs to me to call =     
help4 ,i ran affright$ into ! libr>y =  
my fa!r1 & br\ght him to h]1 ^u :i*1 9 a
 little "t1 %e did some:at recov]1 b    
desir$ he w\ld assi/ h] to h] own *amb]1
 :i!r %e w5t lean+ on 8 arm4 ,:5 laid on
 h] b$ %e seem$ easi]2 & smil+1 bade me 
leave !m = a:ile1 = t %e desir$ to h    
spee* ) my fa!r alone4  ,= ! space ( an 
h\r ,i walk$ 9 ! g>d51 ) s oppressive a 
grief at my he>t z ,i _h nev] be=e      
exp]i5c$4 ,me?9ks ! great /illness 9 !  
air add$ !reunto "s sort ( physical     
disord]2 = ! wea!r 0 v close & heavy2 & 
if a leaf did b /ir1 ,i />t$ z if dang] 
0 at h&2 & ! noise ( ! *att]+ pies ov]  
my head work$ 9 me an appreh5sive       
melan*oly1 =ebod+1 ,i d\bt n1 :at 0 to  
foll[4 ,at ab\t elev5 o'clock1 he>+ !   
s\nd ( a horse's feet 9 ! av5ue1 ,i     
turn$ r\nd1 & saw ,edmund rid+ f ! h\se2
 ^u :i* ,i ran across ! grass to a turn+
 ( ! road :]e he w\ld pass1 & call$ to  
him to /op1 :i* he did2 & told me he 0  
go+ to ,li*field = 8 fa!r1 :om my "m    

desir$ pres5tly to see4 ,!n ?\ %\ld/ n  
t>ry1 ,i said2 & he pu%$ on & left me   
/&+ :]e ,i 02 b ! bell !n r++ = d9n]1 ,i
 w5t back to ! h\se1 &1 9 s do+1 took   
notice ( a bay-tree on ! lawn :i* 0 )]$ 
& dri$-up1 ?\gh ! g>d5] _h be5 at pa9s  
to pres]ve x by sundry appliances &     
frequ5t wat]+ ( x4 ,!n x came to my     
remembrance :at my nurse us$ to say1 t !
 dy+ ( t sort ( tree is a sure om5 ( a  
dea? 9 a family2 :i* ?\ght sorely       
di/urb$ me at t "t4 ,i sat d[n ) my fa!r
 to a brief & sil5t meal2 & soon aft] ! 
physician he _h s5t = came1 :om he      
conduct$ to my "m's *amb]1 :]eunto ,i   
did foll[1 & slipp$ 9 unp]ceiv$4 ,sitt+ 
on "o side ( ! b$1 beh9d ! curta9s1 ,i  
he>d h] say1 9 a voice :i* s\nd$ holl[ &
 weak1 ,good ,ma/] ,lawr5son1 my de>    
husb& 0 fa9 to s5d = y1 & ,i c>$ n to   
)/& him1 albeit p]suad$ t ,i am ha/5+ to
 my j\rney's end1 & t naught t y or any 
o!r man may prescribe may /ay :at is    
,god's w4 ,& if ?is be visible to y z x 
is to me1 ,i pray y keep x n f me1 = x w

 be to my mu* com=t to be assur$ ( x4   
,:5 %e _h done speak+1 he did feel h]   
pulse2 & ! :ile my he>t beat s quick &1 
z x seem$ to me1 s l\d z if x mu/ ne$s  
imp$e my he>+2 b 9 a mom5t ,i he>d him  
say3 ,god def5d1 good madam1 ,i %\ld    
deceive y4 ,:ile !re is life1 !re is    
hope4 ,great] #agg com=t ,i d>e n urge4 
,if !re be any temporal matt] on y\r    
m9d1 'tw]e bett] settl$ n[1 & likewise (
 y\r s\l's heal?1 by su* pi\s ex]cises z
 are us$ by ^? ( y\r way ( ?9k+4  ,at ! 
he>+ ( ^! 8 words1 my fa!r fet*$ a deep 
sigh2 b %e1 z "o greatly reliev$1 clasp$
 h] h&s toge!r1 & cri$1 ,my ,god1 ,i    
?ank !e6  ,!n1 /eal+ f beh9d ! curta91  
,i laid my head on ! pill[ nigh unto    
h]s1 & :isp]$1 ,sweet "m1 pri!e d n die1
 or else take me ) !e4  ,b %e1 z "o n   
he$+1 exclaim$1 ) h] h&s uplift$1 ,o    
fai?less he>t6 ,o selfi% he>t6 to be s  
glad ( dea?6  ,! physician 0 direct+ !  
maids :at !y %\ld d = h] relief :5 ! pa9
 came on1 & he himself /ood comp\nd+ "s 
m$ic9e = h] to take4 ,my fa!r ask$ ( him

 :5 he next w\ld come2 & he answ]$1 ,on 
! morr[2 b me?9ks 'twas ev5 !n 8 belief 
t !re w\ld be no morr[ = h] :o 0 dy+    
be=e h] "t1 l ! bay-tree 9 our g>d54 ,%e
 bade him f>ewell 9 a k9dly fa%ion2 & :5
 we 7 alone1 ,i ly+ on ! b$ by h] side1 
& my fa!r sitt+ at its head1 %e said1 9 
a l[ voice1 ,h[ wond]ful be ,god's      
deal+s ) u1 & h[ fa!rly 8 c>e2 9 t he   
takes ! weak unto himself1 & leaves     
beh9d ! /rong to fight ! battle n[ at   
h&6 ,my de> ma/]1 ,i _h a dream         
ye/]night :i* _h some:at ( horror 9 x1 b
 m me?9ks ( com=t4 ,my fa!r break+ out  
!n 9 sighs & te>s z if 8 he>t w\ld      
break1 %e said1 ,oh1 b ?\ mu/ he> &     
ackn[l$ge1 my lov$ ma/]1 h[ graci\s is  
,god's provid5ce to ?y poor wife4 ,:5 ?\
 kn[e/ :at ,i h suff]$--n 9 body1 ?\gh t
 has be5 %>p too1 b 9 my s\l--x w       
reconcile ?9e own to a p>t+ :i* has 9 x 
s mu* ( m]cy4 ,?\ do/ rememb] ! night :5
 ,mr4 ,mu% 0 "h1 & :at 8 disc\rse did   
run on8  ,surely d ,i1 sweet wife1 he   
answ]$2 = x 0 su* z ! m9d do? n easily  

lose ! memory (2 ! suff]+s & glori\s end
 ( ! bless$ m>tyr ,mrs4 ,cli!r[4 ,i     
p]ceiv$ :at sorr[ful he$ ?\ did/ l5d to 
8 recital2 b has x pa9fully dwelt 9 ?y  
m9d s9ce8  ,by day & by night x ha? n   
left me2 ev] recurr+ to my ?\ghts1 ev]  
haunt+ my dreams1 & work+ 9 me a fe>ful 
appreh5sion le/ 9 a l trial ,i %\ld be  
f\nd want+1 & prove a traitor to ,god & 
8 ,*ur*1 & a disgrace & he>tbreak to !e 
:o ha/ s truly lov$ me f> beyond my     
des]ts4 ,i h bragg$ ( ! dang]s ( !      
times1 ev5 z c[>ds are wont to speak l\d
 9 ! d>k to /ill by ! s\nd ( _! own     
voices ! t]rors !y d feel4 ,i h _h be=e 
my eyes ! picture ( t cruel dea?1 & ( ! 
*ildr5 extremely us$ = answ]+ z _! "m _h
 taught !m1 till cold drops ( sweat h   
/ood on my br[1 & ,i h knelt 9 my *amb] 
wr++ my h&s & pray+ to be sp>$ a l      
trial4 ,& !n1 maybe an h\r lat]1 sitt+  
at ! table1 ,i spake m]rily ( ! gall[s1 
mock+ my own fe>s1 z :5 ,mr4 ,bryan 0   
la/ "h2 & ,i said t prie/s %\ld be m    
welcome to me ?an ev] !y 71 n[ t virtue 

& ! ,ca?olic cause 7 made felony2 & !   
same w\ld be 9 ,god's sight m m]itori\s 
?an ev] be=e3 ^u :i*1 ',!n y mu/ prep>e 
y\r neck = ! rope1' quo? he1 9 a        
pleasant b )al s]i\s mann]2 at ! :i* a  
cold *ill ov]came me1 & ,i v well-nigh  
fault$1 ?\gh con/ra9+ my tongue to say1 
',god's w be done2 b ,i am f> unwor?y ( 
s great an honor4' ,! c[>dly he>t beli$ 
! confid5t tongue1 & fe> ( my own       
weakness affright$ me1 by ! :i* ,i mu/  
ne$s h (f5d$ ,god1 :o helps su* z tru/  
#agh 9 him4 ,b ,i hope to be =giv51     
inasmu* z x has ev] be5 ! wont ( my poor
 ?\ghts to picture evils be=eh& 9 su* a 
=m z to sc>e ! s\l1 :i*1 :5 x came to   
meet ) !m1 0 n %ak5 f its con/ancy4 ,:5 
,conny 0 an infant ,i h /ood nigh unto a
 w9d[ ) h] 9 my arms1 & ( a sudd5 a     
t]ror w\ld seize me le/ ,i %\ld let h]  
fall out ( my h&s1 :i* yet clasp$ h]2 & 
me?9ks 'twas some:at ( alike feel+ :i*  
work$ 9 me t\*+ ! d5y+ ( my fai?1 :i*1  
,god is my witness1 is de>] to me ?an   
aught ^u e>?4  ',tis ev5 s1 sweet wife1 

quo? my fa!r2 ! edge ( a too ke5        
consci5ce & a s5sitive appreh5sion (    
defects visible to ?9e own eyes &       
,god's--nev] to m9e1 :o 0 ev] made happy
 by ?y love & virtue--h worn out ! frame
 :i* enclos$ !m1 & w rob me ( ! de>e/   
com=t ( my life1 if ,i mu/ lose !e4  ,%e
 look$ ^u him ) s mu* sweetness1 z if ! 
approa* ( dea? _h br\ght h] great] peace
 & joy ?an life _h ev] done1 & %e       
repli$3 ,dea? comes to me z a           
compassionate angel1 & ,i fa9 w\ld h !e 
welcome ) me ! k9dly mess5g] :o br+s s  
great relief to ! poor he>t ?\ ha/ s    
long *]i%$4 ,n[1 ?\ art call$ to ano!r  
task2 & :5 ! bruis$1 brok5 re$ is remov$
 f ?y side1 ?\ wilt foll[ ! summons :i* 
ev5 n[ s\nds 9 ?9e e>s4  ,ah1 cri$ my   
fa!r1 clasp+ h] h&1 art ?\ !n already a 
sa9t1 sweet wife1 t ?\ ha/ read ! v[    
sl[ly regi/]$ z yet 9 ! dep?s ( a riv5  
he>t8 ,!n 8 eyes turn$ on me2 & %e1 :o  
seem$ to "k 8 ?\ghts1 t sweet s\l :o _h 
be5 s sil5t 9 life1 b 0 n[ sp5d+ h] la/ 
brea? 9 nev]-to-be-=gott5 words1 answ]$ 

! "q conta9$ 9 t glance z if x _h be5   
fram$ 9 a set spee*4  ,fe> n = h]1 %e   
said1 lay+ h] *eek close unto m9e4 ,z h]
 days1 s %all h] /r5g? be4 ,me?9ks      
,almighty ,god has giv5 h] a _s meet = !
 age 9 :i* h] lot is ca/4 ,! e>ly tra9+ 
?\ ha/ _h1 my w5*2 ! lack ( su* memories
 z make ! pres5t tw(old bitt]2 ! famili>
 m5tion r\nd ?y cradle ( su* trials z d 
beset ,ca?olics 9 ^! days1 h nurtur$ !e 
a /\tness ( he>t :i* w /& !e 9 good /ead
 amid/ ! r\gh waves ( ?is tr\blesome _w4
 ,! iron w n ent] into ?y s\l z x ha?   
done into m9e4 ,^u :i* %e fell back     
exhau/$ & = a :ile no s\nd 0 he>d 9 or  
ab\t ! h\se save ! b>k+ ( our great dog4
  ,my fa!r _h s5t a mess5g] to a h\se   
:]e we _h _h notice days be=e ,fa!r ,=d 
0 /ay+ b ) no c]ta9 k he /ill !re1 or   
any o!r prie/ 9 neighborhood1 :i*       
occasion$ him no small disquietude1 = my
 "m's /r5g? seem$ to be visibly s9k+ :i*
 0 :at ! doctor's words _h l$ him to    
expect4 ,! man he s5t return$ n till !  
ev5+2 9 ! aft]noon ,mr4 ,g5+s & son came

 f ,li*field1 :i*1 :5 my "m he>d1 %e    
said ,god 0 graci\s to p]mit h] once m  
to see ,john1 :i* 0 ,mr4 ,g5+s' "n4 ,!y 
_h be5 re>$ 9 ! same h\se2 & a k9dness  
_h always cont9u$ betwixt !m4 ,= "s "t  
pa/ he _h con=m$ to ! times2 & s9ce 8   
m>riage ) ! daught] ( a ,fr5* ,hugu5ot  
:o liv$ 9 ,london1 & :o 0 a lady ( v    
comm5dable "* & mann]s1 & /r5u\s 9 h]   
own way ( ?9k+1 he _h left (f practis+ 8
 own religion 9 secret1 :i* = a :ile he 
us$ to d4 ,:5 he came 91 & saw dea?     
pla9ly writ 9 8 c\s9's face1 he 0       
greatly mov$1 & knelt d[n by h] side ) a
 v sorr[ful c\nt5ance2 ^u :i* %e        
/raightly look$ at him1 & said3 ,c\s9   
,john1 my #agi brea? is v %ort1 z my "t 
is also l to be4 ,b "o ^w ,i w\ld fa9   
say to !e be=e ,i die4 ,i 0 always well 
pleas$ ) my religion1 :i* 0 once ?9e & t
 ( all ,*ri/ian p "o hundr$ ye>s ago2 b 
,i h nev] be5 s well pleas$ ) x z n[1 :5
 ,i be ab\t to meet my ,judge4  ,mr4    
,g5+s' features work$ ) a /range        
passion1 9 :i* 0 m ( grief ?an          

displeasure1 & grasp+ 8 son's %\ld]1 :o 
0 likewise kneel+ & weep+1 he said3 ,y h
 wr\ght ) ?is boy1 c\s91 to make him a  
,ca?olic4  ,z heav5 is my witness1 %e   
answ]$1 n o!rwise b by my pray]s4  ,ha/ 
?\ se5 a prie/1 c\s9 ,con/ance8 he !n   
ask$3 ^u :i* my "m n answ]+1 ! poor man 
bur/ into te>s1 & cri$3 ,oh1 c\s9--c\s9 
,con/ance1 do/ c\nt me a spy1 & at ?y   
dea?-b$8  ,he seem$ cut to ! he>t2      
:]eupon %e gave him h] h&1 & said %e    
hop$ ,god w\ld s5d h] su* gho/ly        
assi/ance z %e /ood 9 ne$ (2 & pray+    
,god to bless him & 8 wife & *ildr51 &  
make !m 8 fai?ful s]vants1 s %e might   
meet !m all 9 p]petual happ9ess1 %e     
spoke ) su* good *e]1 & !n bade him &   
,edmund f>ewell ) s pleasant a smile1 z 
deceiv$ !m into ?9k+ h] end n s ne>4 ,& 
s1 aft] a :ile1 !y took _! leave2 ^u :i*
 %e compos$ h]self = a :ile 9 sil5ce1   
occupy+ h] ?\ghts 9 pray]2 & t[>d ev5+1 
?r\gh ,god's m]cy1 albeit ! mess5g] _h  
return$ ) ! heavy news t ,fa!r ,=d _h   
left ! c\nty "s days back1 x happ5$ t   

,mr4 ,watson1 a secul> prie/ :o _h      
lately arriv$ 9 ,engl&1 & 0 on 8 way to 
,*e/]1 /opp$ at our h\se1 :]eunto ,mr4  
,orton1 :om he _h se5 9 prison at       
,london1 _h direct$ him = 8 own         
conv5i5ce on ! road1 & likewise our     
commodity1 albeit little ?9k+ h[ great  
our ne$ w\ld be at t "t ( s opportune a 
gue/1 ?r\gh ^: means t de> dep>t+ s\l _h
 ! b5efit ( ! la/ sacram5ts ) none to   
tr\ble or mole/ h]1 & su* gho/ly aid z  
s]v$ to smoo? h] passage to :at has     
prov$1 ,i d\bt n1 ! beg9n+ ( a happy    
et]nity1 if we may judge by su* tok5s z 
! f]v5t acts ( contrition %e made bo?   
be=e & aft] %rift1 su* z might h s]v$ to
 wa% away t5 ?\s& s9s ?r\gh 8 blood :o  
cleans$ h]1 & h] great & peaceable joy  
at receiv+ him into h] he>t :om %e soon 
tru/$ to behold4 ,h] la/ words 7        
expressions ( wond] & gratitude at      
,god's s+ul> m]cy %[n unto h] 9 ! quiet 
mann] ( h] dea? 9 ! mid/ ( su*          
tr\blesome times4 ,& me?9ks1 :5 ! silv] 
cord 0 loos$1 & naught 0 left ( h] on   

e>? save ! fair corpse :i* reta9$ 9 dea?
 ! semblance x _h _h 9 life1 t toge!r ) 
! natural grief :i* f\nd v5t 9 te>s1 !re
 rema9$ 9 ! he>ts ( su* z lov$ h] a     
com=table s5se ( ! ,div9e goodness      
manife/$ 9 ?is h] peaceable removal4    
,h[ great ! *ange :i* t day wr\ght 9 me 
may be judg$ ( by su* :o1 at ! age ,i _h
 !n rea*$ to1 h met ) a l affliction1   
c\pl$ ) a s5se ( duties to be fulfill$1 
su* z !n fell to my lot1 bo? z t\*+     
h\sehold c>es1 & 9 respect to ! *e]+ (  
my fa!r 9 8 solit>y h\rs dur+ ! "t we   
did yet cont9ue at ,%]wood ,hall1 :i* 0 
ab\t a ye>4 ,x wax$ v h>d !n = prie/s to
 make _! way to ! h\ses ( ,ca?olics1 z  
_m n[ f\nd x to _! int]e/ to in=m aga9/ 
!m & su* z h>bor$ !m2 & mo/ly 9 our     
neighborhood1 :]e9 !re 7 at t "t no     
recusants ( s great rank & note t !     
%]iff w\ld n be lief to m$dle ) !m4 ,we 
_h (t5times _h secret advices to bew>e (
 su* & su* ( our s]vants :o might betray
 our hidd5 conveyances ( safety2 & my   
fa!r sc>cely dur/ #ahj be %>p ) !m :5 !y

 (f5d$ by slack+ _! duties1 le/ !y might
 br+ u into dang] if !y reveal$1 ^u any 
displeasure1 prie/s hav+ abid$ ) u4     
,edmund we saw no m s9ce my "m's dea?2 &
 aft] a :ile ! news did rea* u t ,mr4   
,g5+s _h di$ ( ! small-pox1 & left 8    
wife 9 s di/ress$ a condition1 aga9/ all
 expectation1 ow+ to debts he _h        
incurr$1 t %e _h be5 con/ra9$ to sell h]
 h\se & furniture1 & 0 liv+ 9 a small   
lodg+ ne> unto ! s*ool :]e ,edmund      
cont9u$ 8 /udies4  ,i notic$1 z "t w5t  
by1 h[ heavily x weigh$ on my fa!r's    
he>t to see s _m ,ca?olics die )\t !    
sacram5ts1 or fall away f _! fai?1 =    
lack ( prie/s to in/ruct !m1 l s _m %eep
 )\t a %eph]d2 & ,i guess$ by words he  
let fall on div]s occasions1 t ! int5t  
obscurely %ad[$ =? 9 8 disc\rse to my "m
 on h] dea?b$ 0 rip5+ to a settl$       
purpose1 & t5d+ to a *ange 9 8 /ate (   
life1 :i* only 8 love & c>e = me caus$  
him to def]4 ,:at ,i did appreh5d mu/ "o
 day ne$s occur1 0 ha/5$ ab\t ?is "t by 
a w>n+ he did receive t on an approa*+  

day he w\ld be appreh5d$ & c>ri$ by !   
%]iff be=e ! c\ncil at ,li*field1 to be 
exam9$ t\*+ recusancy & h>bor+ ( prie/s2
 :i* 0 :at he _h long expect$4 ,?is     
message 01 z x 71 ! signal he _h be5    
wait+ =1 & an indication ( ,god's w 9 8 
reg>d4 ,he made in/ant provision = !    
plac+ ( 8 e/ate 9 ! h&s ( a fri5d ( su* 
s+ul> hone/y & s fai?ful a fri5d%ip t[>d
 himself1 ?\gh a ,prote/ant1 t he c\ld  
:olly tru/ him4 ,& next he set himself  
to dispose ( h] :om he did t]m 8 mo/ de>
 e>?ly treasure1 & 8 sole tie to ?is    
p]i%able _w1 :i* he resolv$ to d by     
/raightway s5d+ h] to ,london1 unto 8   
si/] ,mi/ress ,congleton1 :o _h (t5times
 (f]$1 s9ce 8 wife's dea?1 to take *>ge 
( ?is daught]1 & to :om he n[ despat*$ a
 mess5g] ) a lett]1 :]e9 he wrote t !   
times 7 n[ s tr\blesome1 he mu/ ne$s    
leave 8 home1 & take advantage ( !      
si/]ly favor %e _h will$ to %[ him 9 !  
c>e ( 8 sole *ild1 :om he n[ w\ld =?)   
s5d to ,london1 comm5d+ h] to h] good   
keep+1 t\*+ h] safety & religi\s &      

virtu\s tra9+1 & t he %\ld be m behold5 
to h] ?an ev] bro!r 0 to si/]1 &1 z long
 z he liv$1 z he 0 b\nd to d1 pray = h] 
& h] good husb&4 ,:5 ?is lett] 0 gone1 &
 ord] _h be5 tak5 = my j\rney1 :i* 0 to 
be on horseback1 & 9 ! *>ge ( a maid5   
g5tlewoman :o _h be5 /ay+ "s mon?s 9 our
 neighborhood1 & 0 n[ ab\t 9 two days to
 travel to ,london1 x seem$ to me z if t
 :i* ,i _h long expect$ & pictur$ unto  
myself _h n[ come ^u me ( a sudd51 & 9  
su* wise z = ! fir/ "t to ta/e its      
bitt]ness4 ,= ,i saw1 )\t a d\bt1 t ?is 
p>t+ 0 b ! =]unn] ( a *ange 9 my fa!r's 
condition z great & weighty z c\ld well 
be ?\ght (4 ,b ( ?is h[beit our ?\ghts 7
 full ( x1 no talk 0 m9i/]$ betwe5 u4   
,he said ,i %\ld he> f him 9 ,london2 & 
t he %\ld n[ travel into ,lanca%ire &   
,*e%ire1 *ang+ 8 "n1 & (t5 %ift+ 8      
qu>t]s :il/ ! pres5t dang] la/$4 ,! day 
:i* 0 to be ! la/ to see u 9 ! h\se :]e9
 himself & 8 fa!rs = _m c5turies back1 &
 ,i 8 unwor?y *ild1 _h be5 born1 0 sp5t 
9 su* fa%ion z become? ^? :o suff] =    

consci5ce sake1 & t is ) s mu* sorr[ z  
mu/ ne$s be felt by a lov+ fa!r & a     
dutiful *ild 9 a fir/ & d\btful p>t+1 ) 
s mu* regret z is natural 9 ! ab&onm5t (
 a peaceful e>?ly home1 :]e9 ,god _h be5
 s]v$ 9 a ,ca?olic mann] = _m g5]ations 
& up to t "t )\t discont9uance1 only (  
late ye>s z x 7 by #aha night & /eal?1  
:i* 0 l9k$ 9 _! memories ) sundry       
innoc5t joys & pleasures1 & su* griefs z
 d hall[ & ende> ! visible sc5es :]e) !y
 be connect$1 b )al ) a /\tness ( he>t 9
 him1 & a y\?ful /ead9ess 9 h] :om he _h
 infect$ ) a l c\rage unto 8 own1 :i*   
wr\ght 9 !m s z to be ( good *e] & %$ no
 m te>s on s mov+ an occasion ?an !     
debility ( h] nature & ! t5d]ness ( 8   
pat]nal c>e extort$ f _! eyes :5 he     
plac$ h] on h] horse1 & ! bridle 9 ! h& 
( ! s]vant :o 0 to accompany h] to      
,london4 ,_! la/ p>t+ 0 a brief "o1 &   
su* z ,i c>e n to be m9ute 9 describ+2 =
 ?9k+ ^u x ev5 n[ 'tis l to make me     
weep2 :i* ,i w\ld n d :il/ writ+ ?is    
hi/ory1 9 ! recital ( :i* !re %\ld be m 

( con/ancy & ?ankful rejoic+ 9 ,god's   
great m]cies1 ?an ( womani% s(tness 9   
look+ back to pa/ trials4 ,s ,i w ev5   
break (f at ?is po9t2 & 9 ! next *apt]  
relate ! c\rse ( ! j\rney :i* 0 begun on
 t day4    ,,to ,,be ,,cont9u$4  ------ 
,abridg$ f ,le ,correspondant4  ,,!     
,,m>quis ,,de ,,*a/ellux4   ,9 ! bleak  
region ( ,upp] ,burgundy1 n f> f ! doma9
 ( ,vauban1 /&s ! old manor ( ,*a/ellux1
 fam\s s9ce ! fifte5? c5tury z !        
bir?-place ( two bro!rs1 "o ( :om became
 an admiral1 ! o!r a m>%al ( ,france4 ,f
 ?is feudal /ronghold came =? "o ( ! mo/
 amiable ( ! c\rti]s ( ,l\is ,,xvi4--a  
disciple ( ,voltaire & ,hume1 a rival ( 
,turgot & ,adam ,smi?1 a fri5d (        
,wa%+ton & ,jeff]son1 a =]unn] ( !      
revolutioni/s ( #aghi1 a philosoph]1 an 
hi/orian1 a political economi/1 some?+ (
 a poet1 some?+ ( a naturali/1 some?+ ( 
an arti/1 a man ( ta/e1 an en?usia/ic   
/ud5t1 a brilliant talk]1 & an elegant  
writ]4 ,! rude ,sieurs de ,*a/ellux w\ld
 h be5 n a little a/oni%$ c\ld !y h     

=ese5 :at "* ( man 0 de/9$ to inh]it _! 
title4  ,francois ,jean de ,beauvoir1   
fir/ kn[n z ,*evali] & aft]w>d ,m>quis  
de ,*a/ellux1 0 born at ,p>is 9 #agcd4  
,he 0 a son ( ! ,c\nt de ,*a/ellux1     
lieut5ant-g5]al ( ! armies ( ! k+1 by   
,mlle4 d',aguesseau1 daught] ( !        
*ancellor4 ,8 "m1 be+ left a wid[ at an 
e>ly p]iod1 )drew !reupon into ! privacy
 ( dome/ic life1 & ! "y m>quis _h ! good
 =tune to be br\ght up "u ! eyes ( !    
,*ancellor d',aguesseau himself4 ,he    
ent]$ ! army at sixte51 & 0 h>dly       
tw5ty-"o be=e he _h ris5 to be colonel4 
,he di/+ui%$ himself highly dur+ !      
campaigns ( ! ,sev5 ,ye>s' ,w>1 & x 0 z 
a rew>d ( 8 gallantry no less ?an out ( 
complim5t to 8 h]$it>y rank t he 0      
select$ on "o occasion to pres5t to ! k+
 ! flags ( a conqu]$ city4 ,x is h>d to 
und]/& h[1 9 ! mid/ ( su* an active     
life1 he c\ld f9d "t = /udy2 b = all t  
he knew ,greek1 ,lat91 ,engli%1 &       
,italian1 & _h "s acqua9tance ) e bran* 
( sci5ce cultivat$ 9 8 "t4 ,f boyhood he

 %[$ a zeal\s int]e/ 9 e sort ( inv5tion
 or discov]y :i* promis$ to be (        
practical use #ahb to mank9d4 ,:5 !     
pr9ciple ( inoculation = small-pox 0    
fir/ broa*$ 9 ,europe1 ev]ybody %rank 9 
al>m f ! exp]im5t4 ,! "y m>quis _h      
himself inoculat$ )\t 8 "m's k1 & !n1   
runn+ to ,buffon1 :o knew 8 family1     
exclaim$ joyfully1 ,i am sav$1 & my     
example w be ! means ( sav+ _m o!rs4    
,:5 peace 0 decl>$ 9 #agfc1 he 0 n yet  
?irty4 ,) 8 em95t gifts ( m9d & p]son1 a
 brilliant c>e] 9 society lay op5 to    
him1 b he aim$ to be some?+ m ?an a m]e 
man ( fa%ion4 ,8 fir/ lit]>y productions
 7 biographical sket*es ( two ( 8 bro!r 
(fic]s1 ,,mm4 de ,clos5 & de4 ,belsunce1
 :i* appe>$ 9 ! ,m]cure1 9 #agfe4 ,he   
wrote a lively & graceful little essay  
on ! ,union ( ,poetry & ,music1--! same 
subject :i* ,m>montel aft]w>d treat$ 9 8
 poem ( ,polymnie4 ,! great qu>rel      
betwe5 ! s*ools ( ,gluck & ,picc9i did n
 break out until t5 ye>s lat]2 b mutt]+s
 ( ! com+ tempe/ 7 he>d already4        

,italian music _h its en?usia/ic admir]s
 & its implacable foes1 & 9 ! mid/ ( _! 
disputes ,monsigny & ,gretry _h j giv5  
to ,france a lyric s*ool ( h] own by    
creat+ ! comic op]a4 ,m4 de ,*a/ellux1 l
 ev]ybody else 9 ^? days1 0 passionately
 fond ( ! !atre1 & he esp\s$ ! cause (  
,italian music ) ! ardor t *>act]iz$    
ev]y?+ he did4 ,ab\t ! same "t he fell  
into ! society ( ! ,encyclopo$i/s1 &    
alli$ himself ) ,helvetius1 d',alemb]t1 
,turgot1 & ! re/ ( ! philosophical p>ty1
 :o receiv$ ! illu/ri\s recruit ) op5   
arms4    ,ab\t ! same "t t ,m4 de       
,*a/ellux left ! army1 & made 8 debut 9 
civil life1 ! ,scotti% hi/orian &       
philosoph]1 ,david ,hume1 arriv$ 9      
,p>is1 ) ! ,briti% ambassador1 ,"l      
,h]t=d4 ,he became ! lion ( ! day4      
,c\rti]s & philosoph]s fell d[n &       
wor%ipp$ him2 8 skeptical op9ions 7     
eag]ly imbib$1 & ! ?ree ye>s t he sp5t 9
 ! ,fr5* capital became1 ow+ to 8       
extraord9>y influ5ce1 "o ( ! mo/        
important epo*s 9 ! lit]>y hi/ory ( !   

eighte5? c5tury4 ,m4 de ,*a/ellux %>$ 9 
! g5]al en?usiasm2 & ! ,essays &        
,political ,disc\rses ( ,hume1 toge!r ) 
! ,essai sur les moeurs et l'esprit des 
nations ( ,voltaire1 :i* _h appe>$ a few
 ye>s be=e1 wr\ght ^u 8 m9d a deep &    
la/+ impression4 ,! unit$ influ5ce ( ^! 
two au?ors l$ him to a c\rse ( /udy :i* 
result$ 9 a "w ^u :i* 8 reputation 0    
f9ally e/abli%$4 ,?is 0 8 celebrat$     
treatise1 ,on ,public ,felicity2 or1    
,consid]ations on ! ,condition ( ,man at
 diff]5t ,p]iods ( 8 ,hi/ory1 9 two     
volumes4 ,x be>s a resemblance to bo?   
its p>5ts4 ,x is hi/orical1 l ! ,essai  
sur les moeurs1 & dogmatic1 l ! ,essays 
& ,disc\rses4 ,& t is "o ( its defects4 
,! ,consid]ations on ! condition ( man  
at v>i\s p]iods s]ve by way (           
introduction to ! au?or's !ory ( public 
felicity2 b ! second "p is inf]ior to ! 
fir/4 ,! body ( ! book is sacrific$ to !
 introduction4  ,?is 0 f\r ye>s be=e !  
appe>ance ( ,adam ,smi?'s ,weal? (      
,nations4 ,! ,m>quis de ,mirabeau & o!rs

 ( 8 s*ool _h begun to write2 b _!      
notions ( political economy 7 /ill      
unfamili> to ! public4 ,m4 de ,*a/ellux 
may !re=e be reg>d$ z "o ( ! fir/       
support]s ( t doctr9e ( human           
p]fectibility :i* lies at ! bottom ( all
 ! prevail+ op9ions ( ! eighte5? c5tury4
 ,to ?is he add$ ano!r !ory1 t ! only   
end ( gov]nm5t ought to be ! greate/    
happ9ess ( ! greate/ possible numb]4    
,ne>ly "o hundr$ ye>s ago1 !re=e1 he    
discov]$ & develop$ ! pr9ciple :i* is n[
 "o ( ! mo/ popul> epitomes ( social    
sci5ce4 ,8 /yle is good1 #ahc b nei!r v 
concise nor v brilliant4 ,x is n[ & !n  
obscure1 sometimes digressive1 sometimes
 declamatory2 b = ! mo/ "p cle>1 lively1
 & ab\nd+ 9 ^? happy t\*es :i* %[ !     
writ] to be a man ( ! _w z well z an    
au?or4  ,x is said t ! imm$iate occasion
 ( 8 writ+ ! book 0 a conv]sation )     
,mably1 ! au?or ( ,obs]vations on !     
,hi/ory ( ,france1 :o ma9ta9$ t ! _w 0  
con/antly deg5]at+1 & t ! m5 ( to-day 7 
n half s good z _! gr&fa!rs4 ,! "y      

philosoph]1 8 head full ( ! new ideas1  
resolv$ to demon/rate ! sup]iority ( !  
pres5t ov] ! pa/4 ,! fir/ edition ( 8 "w
 appe>$ 9 #aggb1 two ye>s be=e ! dea? ( 
,l\is ,,xv4 ,x 0 pr9t$ anonym\sly 9     
,holl&4 ,ev]y:]e x 0 read ) avidity1    
abroad z well z 9 ,france4 ,x 0         
translat$ into ,engli%1 ,g]man1 &       
,italian4 ,voltaire read x at ,f]ney1 & 
0 s mu* /ruck by x t he cov]$ 8 copy )  
m>g9al notes--n always (                
approbation--:i* 7 reproduc$ 9 a new    
edition ( ! "w by ! au?or's son1 9      
#ahbb4  ,despite great m]its1 :i* _c be 
d5i$ x1 ! essay ,on ,public ,felicity is
 n[ almo/ =gott54 ,9 ! hi/orical        
portion1 ,m4 de ,*a/ellux passes 9      
review all ! nations ( anci5t & mod]n   
times1 = ! purpose ( %[+ t ! g5]al      
condition ( man has nev] be=e be5 s good
 z x is n[4 ,! fundam5tal pr9ciple ( 8  
"w is disclos$ 9 ! foll[+ pr(ession (   
fai?3 ,to say t man is born to be free1 
t 8 fir/ c>e is to pres]ve 8 lib]ty :5  
he enjoys x1 & to recov] x :5 he has lo/

 x1 is to attribute to him a s5tim5t :i*
 he %>es ) ! :ole animal k+dom1 & :i* _c
 be call$ 9 "q4 ,& if we add t ?is      
lib]ty is by its v nature indef9ite1 & t
 ! lib]ty ( "o individual c only be     
limit$ by t ( ano!r1 we d b express a   
tru? :i* few 9 ?is enlight5$ age w be   
f\nd to contradict4 ,look at society f  
?is po9t ( view1 & y w see no?+ b a     
s]ies ( encroa*m5ts & resi/ances2 & if y
 want to =m a j idea ( gov]nm5t1 y mu/  
consid] x z ! equilibrium :i* ought to  
result f ^! oppos+ /ruggles4444         
,gov]nm5t & legislation are only        
second>y & subord9ate objects4 ,!y ought
 to be reg>d$ m]ely z means ?r\gh :i* m5
 may pres]ve 9 ! social /ate ! greate/  
possible portion ( natural lib]ty4  ,x  
is melan*oly to see h[1 9 a "w t has s  
mu* to recomm5d x1 ! *apt] :i* treats ( 
! e/abli%m5t ( ,*ri/ianity is disfigur$ 
by ! skeptical philosophy ( ! age4 ,our 
regret at ?is is p]haps ! m ke5 because 
! fault 0 altoge!r )\t excuse4 ,turgot  
_h argu$ be=e ! ,sorbonne1 only a few   

ye>s previ\sly1 t a belief 9 ! progress 
( ! human race1 s f> f be+ incompatible 
) ! doctr9e ( r$emption1 is its necess>y
 consequ5ce4 ,de ,*a/ellux might h %[n  
t1 if ! com+ ( our ,"l did n imm$iately 
effect a s5sible re=mation ?r\gh\t !    
civiliz$ _w1 x 0 because ! vices & bad  
passions ( ! old pagan society long     
surviv$ ! ov]?r[ ( ! old pagan gods4 ,b 
!re is ?is to be said = him3 if he does 
n ev9ce an adequate appreciation ( !    
great moral revolution effect$ by       
,*ri/ianity1 he at lea/ does n speak ( x
 9 ! same insol5t tone t 0 fa%ionable 9 
8 day4 ,:5 he comes d[n to mod]n times1 
& treats ( d5sity ( population 9 its    
relation to national prosp]ity1 he      
repeats ! popul> fallacy t !            
multiplication ( religi\s ord]s ex]ts a 
p]nici\s influ5ce ^u ! progress (       
population4 ,b :5 f g5]al views he      
desc5ds to /ati/ics1 he refutes 8 own   
argum5ts4 ,! numb] ( monks 9 ,france1 he
 says1 accord+ to a c>eful enum]ation   
#ahd made by ord] ( gov]nm5t1 a few ye>s

 ago1 0 #bf1fgd1 & x c]ta9ly is n less  
n[4 ,9 po9t ( fact1 ! real numb] :5 !   
prop]ty ( ! cl]gy 0 confiscat$ 9 #agij 0
 only #ag1jjj2 & :at is t 9 a population
 ( #bd1jjj1jjj or #bf1jjj1jjj8 ,! army  
)draws f ! m>riage /ate tw5ty times t   
numb] ( m51 9 ! vigor ( _! age2 :]eas ! 
great] "p ( ! monks are m5 9 ! decl9e ( 
life4  ,x is a matt] ( a/oni%m5t t a "w 
:i* pr(esses to treat ( public felicity 
%\ld devote itself entirely to ! mat]ial
 well-be+ ( society1 & h no?+ to say ( !
 moral condition ( mank9d1 :i* is ! m   
important elem5t ( ! two 9 mak+ up ! sum
 ( human happ9ess4 ,e au?or1 ( c\rse1   
has a "r to fix ! limits ( 8 subject2 b 
!n he mu/ n promise on ! title-page m   
?an he means to p]=m4  ,! au?or%ip ( !  
essay on ,public ,felicity 0 n long a   
secret2 b de ,*a/ellux receiv$ p]haps z 
mu* annoyance z glory f ! discov]y4 ,8  
ideas did n please ev]ybody1 & among ^? 
:o fell f\l ( him = 8 philosophical     
errors 7 "s ( 8 own family4 ,he made    
little acc\nt ( _! opposition1 & 9 #aggd

 came out boldly ) an eulogy on         
,helvetius1 ) :om he _h liv$ = a long "t
 on ! mo/ intimate t]ms4 ,two ye>s lat]1
 he publi%$ a second edition ( 8 previ\s
 treatise1 ) ! addition ( a *apt] (     
,ult]ior ,views1 9 :i* he po9ts out !   
dang] ( "s ( ! revolution>y op9ions :i* 
7 !n com+ m & m into vogue1 & ! futility
 ( try+ to realize 9 actual life t =m ( 
gov]nm5t :i* might be !oretically ! be/4
 ,if he _h be5 alive 9 #aghi1 he w\ld h 
belong$ to ! mon>*ical p>ty 9 !         
,con/itu5t ,assembly2 &1 aft] hav+ done 
8 "p 9 pav+ ! way = ! revolution1 he    
w\ld h p]i%$ z "o ( its victims4 ,among 
political & social re=m]s1 he mu/ be    
class$ ) ! s*ool ( ,montesquieu r ?an ) 
t ( ,r\sseau4    ,! att5tion ( ,france1 
h[ev]1 0 n[ fix$ m & m firmly ^u !      
conte/ go+ on 9 ,am]ica betwe5 ,great   
,brita9 & h] rebelli\s colonies4 ,l\is  
,,xvi41 aft] "s resi/ance1 yield$ to !  
dem& ( public op9ion1 &1 9 #aggh1 n only
 recogniz$ ! indep5d5ce ( ! ,unit$      
,/ates1 b s5t a fleet "u ,c\nt d',e/a+  

to help !m4 ,a second exp$ition 0       
despat*$ "u ,c\nt de ,ro*ambeau4 ,m4 de 
,*a/ellux1 :o !n held ! grade ( m>e*al  
de camp equival5t to some?+ betwe5      
brigadi] & major-g5]al 9 ! pres5t ,unit$
 ,/ates army--,,ed41 obta9$ p]mission to
 jo9 x1 & 0 appo9t$ major-g5]al4 ,!     
exp$ition>y corps arriv$ at ,newport1   
capital ( ! /ate ( ,rhode ,isl&1 ,july  
#aj1 #aghj4 ,x consi/$ ( eight %ips ( ! 
l9e1 two frigates1 two gunboats1 & ov]  
#e1jjj troops4 ,! next ye> came a       
re5=cem5t ( #c1jjj m54 ,"l ,cornwallis1 
:o comm&$ ! ,engli% =ce 0 %ut up 9      
,yorkt[n1 ,va41 &1 be+ closely besieg$  
by ! allies & inve/$ by l& & sea1 0     
compell$ to surr5d] 9 ,octob]1 #agha4   
,?is =c$ ,engl& to conclude a peace1 & !
 auxili>y corps re-emb>k$ at ,bo/on on  
_! return to ,france at ! close ( #aghb4
 ,x _h be5 two ye>s & a half 9 ,am]ica1 
& dur+ ?is "t ! republic _h a*iev$ its  
indep5d5ce4  ,dur+ 8 visit to ,am]ica1  
,m4 de ,*a/ellux employ$ ! brief p]iods 
( leisure left him f milit>y occupations

 9 mak+ ?ree t\rs ?r\gh ! int]ior4 ,he  
wrote d[n z he travell$ a j\rnal ( 8    
obs]vations1 & pr9t$ at a little press  
on bo>d ! fleet "s tw5ty copies ( x1 t5 
or twelve ( :i* f\nd _! way to ,europe4 
,s great 0 ! eag]ness #ahe ) :i* p !re  
seiz$ ^u e book relat+ to ,am]ica1 t a  
numb] ( copies 7 surreptiti\sly pr9t$1 &
 a publi%] at ,cassel br\ght out an     
imp]fect edition4 ,! au?or !n publi%$ ! 
book himself 9 #aghf 7#b vols41 #abmo1  
,p>is71 "u ! title1 ,voyages de ,m4 le  
,m>quis de ,*a/ellux dans l',am]ique    
sept5trionale en #aghj1 #agha1 et #aghb4
 ,?\gh writt5 orig9ally only = 8 fri5ds1
 x has a g5]al int]e/1 & pres5ts a      
curi\s picture ( ! condition ( ,nor?    
,am]ica at ! p]iod ( :i* x treats4  ,!  
au?or set out f ,newport1 :]e ! troops  
_h l&$ & gone into w9t]-qu>t]s1 9 ord]  
to visit ,p5nsylvania4 ,accompani$ by   
two aides-de-camp1 "o ( :om 0 ! ,b>on de
 ,montesquieu1 gr&son ( ! au?or ( !     
,esprit des lois1 & by five m\nt$       
s]vants1 he />t$1 ,novemb] #aa1 #aghj1  

on horseback1 = t 0 ! only means (      
travell+ t ! c\ntry af=d$4 ,! gr\nd 0   
froz5 h>d1 & already cov]$ ) sn[4 ,!    
little p>ty direct$ _! /eps fir/ t[>d   
,w9dham1 :]e ,lauzun's huss>s1 =m+ !    
advance-gu>d ( ! army1 7 encamp$4 ,!y   
f\nd ! ,duke de ,lauzun at ! head ( 8   
troops1 & ?is meet+ betwe5 ! gr&sons (  
d',aguesseau & ,montesquieu1 & a        
desc5dant ( ! ,lauzuns & ,birons1 all   
?ree fight+ = ! cause ( lib]ty 9 ! wilds
 ( ,am]ica1 0 a curi\s beg9n+ ( _!      
adv5tures4 ,x 0 ?is same ,duke de       
,lauzun1 a fri5d ( ,mirabeau &          
,talleyr&1 :o became ,duke de ,biron    
aft] ! dea? ( 8 uncle1 0 *os5 a memb] ( 
! ,/ates ,g5]al 9 #aghi1 comm&$ !       
republican army ( ,la ,v5dee1 & f9i%$ 8 
c>e] on ! scaffold4  ,! travell]s cross$
 ! m\nta9s :i* sep>at$ !m f ! ,hudson1  
&1 aft] pass+ ?r\gh a wild & almo/ des]t
 c\ntry1 arriv$ at ,we/ ,po9t1 a place  
celebrat$ at t "t = ! mo/ dramatic      
incid5ts ( ! w> ( indep5d5ce 7! treason 
( ,g5]al ,arnold & ! execution ( ,major 

,&re71 & n[ fam\s z ! seat ( ! great    
milit>y s*ool ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,!     
,am]ican army occupy+ ! =ts ( ,we/      
,po9t1 :i* ,arnold's trea*]y _h s ne>ly 
giv5 ov] to ! enemy1 salut$ ! ,fr5*     
major-g5]al ) ?irte5 guns--"o = ea* /ate
 9 ! conf$]ation4 ,nev]1 says he1 0     
honor m impos+ or maje/ic4 ,e gun 01    
aft] a long int]val1 e*o$ back f !      
opposite bank ) a noise ne>ly equal to t
 ( ! dis*>ge itself4 ,two ye>s ago1 ,we/
 ,po9t 0 an almo/ inaccessible des]t4   
,?is des]t has be5 cov]$ ) =tresses &   
artill]y by a p :o1 six ye>s be=e1 _h   
nev] se5 a cannon4 ,! well-fill$        
magaz9es1 & ! great numb] ( guns 9 !    
diff]5t =ts1 ! prodigi\s labor :i* mu/ h
 be5 exp5d$ 9 transport+ & pil+ up on ! 
/eep rocks su* huge trunks ( trees &    
blocks ( hewn /one1 give "o a v diff]5t 
idea ( ! ,am]icans f t :i* ! ,engli%    
m9i/ry h labor$ to convey to ,p>liam5t4 
,a ,fr5*man might well be surpris$ t a  
nation h>dly born %\ld h sp5t 9 two ye>s
 m ?an #ab1jjj1jjj francs 9 ?is         

wild]ness2 b h[ mu* great] mu/ be 8     
surprise :5 he le>ns t ^! =tifications h
 co/ ! /ate no?+1 hav+ be5 con/ruct$ by 
! soldi]s1 :o n only receiv$ no extra   
all[ance = ! labor1 b h n ev5 t\*$ _!   
regul> pay6 ,x w be gratify+ = him to "k
 t ^! magnific5t works 7 plann$ by two  
,fr5* eng9e]s1 ,m4 du ,portail & ,m4    
,g\vion1  ,footnote #de :o h be5 no     
bett] paid ?an _! workm54    ,footnote  
#de3 ,,mm4 du ,portail & ,g\vion w5t to 
,am]ica )   ,lafayette1 & return$ ) him4
 ,ea* rose aft]w>d to ! rank (          
lieut5ant-g5]al 9 ! ,fr5* army4 ,! =m]1 
?r\gh !   influ5ce ( ,lafayette1 0      
appo9t$ m9i/]-(-w> 9 #agij2 he   fl$ to 
! ,unit$ ,/ates dur+ ! ,reign ( ,t]ror4 
,! o!r 0   creat$ major-g5]al ( !       
,national ,gu>d ( ,p>is 9 #agfi2 he     
fell 9 battle 9 #agib4  ,we/ ,po9t /&s  
on ! bank ( #ahf ! ,hudson1 9 a         
situation :i* may well be comp>$ ) ! mo/
 beautiful sc5]y ( ! ,rh9e4 ,m4 de      
,*a/ellux describes x ) ! livelie/      
admiration2 b he rema9$ !re only a %ort 

"t1 because he 0 9 ha/e to rea* !       
head-qu>t]s ( ,wa%+ton4  ,aft] pass+    
?ick woods1 ,i f\nd myself 9 a small    
pla91 :]e ,i saw a h&some f>m4 ,a small 
camp :i* seem$ to cov] x1 a l>ge t5t    
pit*$ 9 ! y>d1 & sev]al wagons ar\nd x1 
conv9c$ me t ,i 0 at ! head-qu>t]s ( ,8 
,excell5cy1 = s ,mr4 ,wa%+ton is call$1 
9 ! army & ?r\gh\t ,am]ica4 ,m4 de      
,lafayette 0 conv]s+ 9 ! y>d ) a tall   
man ab\t five feet n9e in*es high1 ( a  
noble & mild aspect3 x 0 ! g5]al        
himself4 ,i 0 soon (f my horse & 9 8    
pres5ce4 ,! complim5ts 7 %ort2 !        
s5tim5ts :i* animat$ me & ! good-w :i*  
he te/ifi$ = me 7 n equivocal4 ,he l$ me
 into 8 h\se1 :]e ,i f\nd ! company /ill
 at table1 al?\gh d9n] _h long be5 ov]4 
,he pres5t$ me to ! g5]als & !          
aides-de-camp1 adjutants1 & o!r (fic]s  
atta*$ to 8 p]son1 :o =m :at is call$ 9 
,engl& & ,am]ica ! family ( ! g5]al4 ,a 
few glasses ( cl>et & madeira accel]at$ 
! acqua9tances ,i _h to make1 & ,i soon 
felt at my ease 9 ! pres5ce ( ! greate/ 

& be/ ( m54 ,! goodness & b5evol5ce :i* 
*>act]ize him are evid5t f ev]y?+ ab\t  
him2 b ! confid5ce he inspires nev]     
gives occasion to famili>ity1 = x       
orig9ates 9 a pr(\nd e/eem = 8 virtues &
 a high op9ion ( 8 tal5ts4  ,! next day 
,wa%+ton (f]$ to conduct 8 gue/ to !    
camp ( ! m>quis3 ?is 0 ! appellation    
univ]sally be/[$ 9 ,am]ica ^u           
,lafayette1 :o comm&$ ! advance ( !     
army4  ,we f\nd 8 troops 9 ord] (       
battle1 & himself at _! head1 express+  
by 8 air & c\nt5ance t he 0 bett] pleas$
 to receive me !re ?an he w\ld be at 8  
e/ate 9 ,auv]gne4 ,footnote #df ,!      
confid5ce & atta*m5t ( 8 troops are     
invaluable possessions = him1 well-e>n$ 
ri*es ( :i* nobody c deprive him2 b :at1
 9 my op9ion1 is /ill m flatt]+ = a "y  
man ( 8 age 7he 0 n m ?an tw5ty-?ree7 is
 ! influ5ce & consid]ation he has       
acquir$ 9 political z well z milit>y    
matt]s4 ,i d n exagg]ate :5 ,i say t    
private lett]s f him h (t5 produc$ m    
effect ^u "s ( ! /ates ?an ! mo/ urg5t  

recomm5dations ( ! ,congress4 ,on see+  
him1 "o is at a loss to decide :i* is ! 
/rang] circum/ance--t a man s "y %\ld h 
giv5 su* extraord9>y pro(s ( ability1 or
 t "o :o has be5 s mu* tri$ %\ld /ill   
give promise ( su* a long c>e] ( glory4 
,happy 8 c\ntry1 %\ld %e "k h[ to make  
use ( 8 tal5ts6 happi] /ill1 %\ld %e    
nev] /& 9 ne$ ( !m6    ,footnote #df3   
,m4 de ,*a/ellux 0 c\s9-g]man by ! "m's 
side to ! ,du*ess ( ,ay51 ! "m ( ,madame
 de ,lafayette4  ,?is la/ rem>k %[s t   
,m4 de ,*a/ellux1 ) all 8 en?usiasm = ! 
pres5t1 0 n )\t anxiety = ! future4 ,he 
sp5t ?ree days at head-qu>t]s1 ne>ly all
 ! :ile at table1 aft] ! ,am]ican       
fa%ion4 ,at ! end ( ea* meal nuts 7     
s]v$1 & ,g5]al ,wa%+ton sat = sev]al    
h\rs1 eat+ !m1 toa/+1 & conv]s+4 ,^!    
long conv]sations only increas$ 8       
companion's admiration4  ,! mo/ /rik+   
*>act]i/ic ( ?is respect$ man is !      
p]fect accord :i* exi/s betwe5 8        
physical & moral qualities4 ,?is idea ( 
a p]fect :ole _c be produc$ by          

en?usiasm1 :i* w\ld r reject x1 s9ce !  
effect ( proportion is to dim9i% ! idea 
( greatness4 ,brave )\t ra%ness1        
labori\s )\t ambition1 g5]\s )\t        
prodigality1 noble )\t pride1 virtu\s   
)\t sev]ity1 he seems always to h #ahg  
conf9$ himself )9 ^? limits :]e !       
virtues1 by clo?+ !mselves 9 m lively b 
m *angeable & d\btful colors1 may be    
mi/ak5 = faults4  ,! city (             
,philadelphia 0 ! capital ( !           
conf$]ation & ! seat ( ! ,congress4 ,m4 
de ,*a/ellux did n fail to visit x4 ,he 
enjoy$ !re ! hospitality ( ! ,*evali] de
 la ,luz]ne1 ,fr5* m9i/] to ! ,unit$    
,/ates1 & _h ! pleasure ( meet+ sev]al  
"y ,fr5* (fic]s1 "s 9 ! s]vice ( !      
,unit$ ,/ates1 o!rs belong+ to !        
exp$ition>y corps1 :om ! int]ruption (  
milit>y op]ations _h left at lib]ty1 l  
himself4 ,among !m 7 ,m4 de ,lafayette1 
! ,visc\nt de ,noailles1 ! ,c\nt de     
,damas1 ! ,c\nt de ,cu/9e1 ! ,*evali] de
 ,mauduit1 & ! ,m>quis de la ,r\]ie4    
,let u give a few p>ticul>s ab\t ^!     

,gallo-,am]icans1 z our au?or calls !m4 
,! ,visc\nt de ,noailles1 bro!r-9-law ( 
,lafayette1 & colonel ( ! *asseurs (    
,alsace1 0 aft]w>d a memb] ( ! ,/ates   
,g5]al1 & pr9cipal au?or ( ! fam\s      
delib]ations ( ! #d? ( ,augu/4 ,! ,c\nt 
,*>les de ,damas1 an aide-de-camp (     
,ro*ambeau1 9 aft] ye>s took "p1 on !   
contr>y1 aga9/ ! revolutioni/s1 &1      
attempt+ to rescue ,l\is ,,xvi4 at      
,v>5nes1 0 arre/$ ) him4 ,! ,c\nt de    
,cu/9e1 colonel ( ! regim5t ( ,sa9tonge 
infantry1 is ! same :o 0 g5]al-9-*ief ( 
! republican armies 9 #agib1 & :o di$ by
 ! guillot9e ! next ye>1 l ,lauzun4 ,!  
,*evali] de ,mauduit comm&$ ! ,am]ican  
artill]y4 ,at ! age ( fifte51 ) 8 head  
full ( dreams ( classical antiquity1 he 
ran away f college1 walk$ to ,m>seilles1
 & %ipp$ z cab9-boy on bo>d a vessel    
b\nd = ,greece1 9 ord] to visit !       
battle-fields ( ,plataea & ,!rmopylae4  
,! same _s ( en?usiasm c>ri$ him1 at !  
age ( tw5ty1 to ,am]ica4 ,appo9t$1 aft] 
! w>1 comm&ant at ,port au ,pr9ce1 he 0 

assass9at$ !re by 8 own soldi]s 9 #agia4
 ,! hi/ory ( ! ,m>quis de la ,r\]ie1 or 
,r\>ie1 is /ill m romantic4 ,9 8 y\? he 
fell viol5tly 9 love ) an actress1 &    
want$ to m>ry h]4 ,compell$ by 8 family 
to break (f ?is atta*m5t1 he det]m9$ to 
become a ,trappi/2 b he soon ?rew aside 
! mona/ic habit & w5t to ,am]ica1 :]e he
 comm&$ a legion arm$ & equipp$ at 8 own
 co/4 ,he ab&on$ 8 surname & title1 &   
w\ld only be kn[n z ,colonel ,arm&4     
,aft] 8 return to ,france1 he 0 conc]n$1
 ) o!rs ( ! nobility ( ,brittany1 9 !   
tr\bles :i* prec$$ ! revolution4 ,he 0  
"o ( ! twelve deputies s5t 9 #aghg to   
dem& ( ! k+ ! re/oration ( ! privileges 
( t prov9ce1 & z su* 0 committ$ to !    
,ba/ile4 ,! next ye> he _h occasion to  
claim ! same privileges1 n f ! k+1 b f !
 ,?ird ,e/ate4 ,9 #agia he plac$ himself
 at ! head ( ! disaffect$1 & organiz$ ! 
royali/ insurrection 9 ! we/4 ,d5\nc$ & 
pursu$1 he sav$ himself by tak+ to !    
=e/1 lay hid 9 "o *ateau aft] ano!r1    
fell sick 9 ! middle ( w9t]1 & di$ 9 a  

fit ( despair on he>+ ( ! execution (   
,l\is ,,xvi4  ,! ,*evali] de la ,luz]ne1
 bro!r ( ! ,bi%op ( ,langres1 aft]w>d   
c>d9al1 s di/+ui%$ = 8 noble conduct 9  
#aghi1 0 a man ( m coolness &           
delib]ation1 b n less devot$ to ! cause 
( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,he _h giv5 abundant 
pro( ( 8 fri5d%ip by contract+ a loan on
 8 own responsibility = ! paym5t ( !    
,am]ican troops4  ,m4 de la ,luz]ne1    
says de ,*a/ellux1 is s =m$ = ! /ation  
he occupies1 t "o w\ld be tempt$ to     
imag9e no o!r c\ld fill x b himself4    
,noble 9 8 exp5diture1 l ! m9i/] ( a    
great mon>*y1 b pla9 9 8 mann]s1 l a    
republican1 he is equally fit to        
repres5t ! k+ ) ! ,congress1 or !       
,congress ) ! k+4 ,he loves ! #ahh      
,am]icans1 & 8 own incl9ation atta*es   
him to ! duties ( 8 adm9i/ration4 ,he   
has accord+ly obta9$ _! confid5ce1 bo? z
 a private & a public man2 b 9 bo? ^!   
respects he is inaccessible to ! _s (   
p>ty :i* reigns b too mu* ar\nd him4 ,he
 is anxi\sly c\rt$ by all p>ties1 &1    

esp\s+ none1 he manages all4 ,9         
ackn[l$gm5t ( 8 s]vices 9 ,am]ica1 !    
,*evali] 0 appo9t$1 aft] ! peace1 m9i/] 
at ,london2--r an audaci\s action on !  
"p ( ! gov]nm5t ( ,l\is ,,xvi4 to *oose 
z _! repres5tative 9 ,engl& ! v man :o  
_h contribut$ mo/ ( all to ! indep5d5ce 
( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! /ate (            
,p5nsylvania1 9 gratitude = 8 acts (    
good-w1 gave ! "n ( ,luz]ne to "o ( h]  
c\nties4  ,! pr9cipal occupation ( ^!   
(fic]s1 dur+ _! /ay at ,philadelphia1 0 
to visit1 not)/&+ ! inclem5cy ( ! wea!r1
 ! sc5es ( ! rec5t conflicts ne> t city1
 or to discuss ! causes :i* _h turn$ !  
=tune ( w>1 n[ 9 favor ( ! ,am]icans1 & 
n[ aga9/ !m4 ,our au?or "h %[s himself 9
 a new light1 z a tactician :o1 ) a     
?or\gh k ( ! art ( w>1 po9ts out !      
circum/ances :i* h l$ to ! success or   
failure ( ?is or t manoeuvre4 ,^?       
affairs 9 :i* ! ,fr5* figur$ especially 
attract$ 8 att5tion4 ,brav]y1 g5]osity1 
dis9t]e/$ness1 all ! national virtues 7 
conspicu\s 9 ^! volunte]s :o _h cross$ !

 ocean to make w> at _! own exp5se1 & :o
 s(t5$ ! asp]ity ( milit>y op]ations by 
! *>m ( _! elegant mann]s & *ivalric    
be>+4  ,among ! battle-fields :i* ^! "y 
en?usia/s1 :ile a wait+ some?+ bett] to 
d1 lov$ to trace out 0 t ( ,br&yw9e1 :]e
 ,m4 de ,lafayette1 almo/ imm$iately    
aft] 8 l&+ 9 ,am]ica1 receiv$ ! w\nd 9 !
 leg ( :i* he speaks s gaily 9 a lett]  
to 8 wife4 ,lafayette himself act$ z _! 
guide1 & rec\nt$ to 8 fri5ds1 on ! v    
sc5e ( action1 ! incid5ts ( ?is day1 :i*
 0 n a =tunate "o = ! ,am]icans4 ,he did
 ! honors ( ano!r exp$ition to ! heights
 ( ,b>r5 ,hill1 :]e he _h ga9$ an       
advantage "u r curi\s circum/ances4 ,he 
_h ) him !re ab\t two ?\s& infantry )   
fifty dragoons & an equal numb] (       
,indians1 :5 ! ,engli%1 :o occupi$      
,philadelphia1 endeavor$ to surr\nd &   
capture him4  ,g5]al ,h[e ,sir ,h5ry    
,cl9ton--,,ed4 ?\ght he _h n[ fairly    
caught ! m>quis1 & ev5 c>ri$ 8 gasconade
 s f> z to invite ladies to meet        
,lafayette at supp] ! next day2 &1 :il/ 

! pr9cipal "p ( ! (fic]s 7 at ! play1 he
 put 9 motion ! ma9 body ( 8 =ces1 :i*  
he m>*$ 9 ?ree columns4 ,! fir/ 0 n long
 9 rea*+ ! advanc$ po/s ( ,m4 de        
,lafayette1 :i* gave rise to a laughable
 adv5ture4 ,! fifty savages he _h ) him 
7 plac$ 9 ambuscade 9 ! woods1 aft] _!  
own mann]2 t is to say1 ly+ z close z   
rabbits4 ,fifty ,engli% dragoons1 :o _h 
nev] se5 any ,indians1 ent]$ ! wood :]e 
!y 7 hid4 ,! ,indians on _! "p1 _h nev] 
se5 dragoon4 ,up !y />t1 rais+ a        
horrible cry1 ?r[ d[n _! arms1 & escape 
by swimm+ across ! ,s*uylkill4 ,!       
dragoons1 on ! o!r h&1 z mu* t]rifi$ z  
!y 71 turn$ tail1 & fl$ 9 su* a panic t 
!y did n /op until !y rea*$             
,philadelphia4 ,m4 de ,lafayette1 f9d+  
himself 9 dang] ( be+ surr\nd$1 made su*
 skilful dispositions t he effect$ 8    
retreat1 z if by en*antm5t1 & cross$ !  
riv] )\t los+ a man4 ,! ,engli% army1   
f9d+ ! bird fl[n1 return$ to            
,philadelphia1 sp5t ) fatigue1 & a%am$ (
 hav+ done no?+4 ,! ladies did n see ,m4

 de ,lafayette1 & ,g5]al ,h[e ,cl9ton   
himself arriv$ too late = supp]4 ,by !  
side ( ^! admirable milit>y sket*es1 we 
h an acc\nt ( a ball at ! ,*evali] de la
 ,luz]ne's4 ,!re 7 ne> tw5ty wom51 #ahi 
twelve or fifte5 ( :om danc$1 ea* hav+  
h] 'p>tn]1' z ! cu/om is 9 ,am]ica4     
,danc+ is said to be at once ! emblem ( 
gaiety & ( love2 "h x seems to be !     
emblem ( legislation & ( m>riage3 (     
legislation1 inasmu* z places are m>k$  
out1 ! c\ntry-dances nam$1 & e proce$+  
provid$ =1 calculat$1 & submitt$ to     
regulation2 ( m>riage1 z x furni%es ea* 
lady ) a p>tn]1 ) :om %e mu/ dance !    
:ole ev5+1 )\t be+ p]mitt$ to take      
ano!r4 ,/rang]s h g5]ally ! privilege ( 
be+ complim5t$ ) ! h&some/ wom52 t is to
 say1 out ( polit5ess1 ! prettie/ p>tn]s
 are giv5 to !m4 ,! ,c\nt de ,damas l$  
=? ,mrs4 ,b+ham1 & ! ,visc\nt de        
,noailles1 ,miss ,%ipp54 ,bo? ( !m1 l   
true philosoph]s1 te/ifi$ a great       
respect = ! cu/om ( ! c\ntry by n quitt+
 _! p>tn]s ! :ole ev5+2 9 o!r respects  

!y 7 ! admiration ( ! :ole assembly f ! 
grace & dignity ) :i* !y danc$4 ,to !   
honor ( my c\ntry1 ,i c affirm t !y     
surpass$ t ev5+ a *ief ju/ice ( ,c>ol9a1
 & two memb]s ( ,congress1 "o ( :om     
7,mr4 ,duane7 pass$ = be+ by t5 p] c5t4 
m lively ?an all ! o!r danc]s4  ,at     
,philadelphia1 z 9 camp1 a great "p ( ! 
day 0 pass$ at table4 ,! ,congress hav+ 
met1 ,m4 de ,*a/ellux 0 invit$ to d9n]  
successively by ! repres5tatives f !    
,nor? & ! repres5tatives f ! ,s\?2 = !  
political body 0 ev5 !n divid$ by a     
geographical l9e1 ea* side hav+ sep>ate 
reunions at a c]ta9 tav]n :i* !y us$ to 
frequ5t3 s we see ! diff]5ces betwe5    
,nor? & ,s\? are z old z ! conf$]ation  
itself4 ,he made ! acqua9tance ( all !  
lead+ memb]s1 & especially ( ,samuel    
,adams1 "o ( ! fram]s ( ! ,decl>ation ( 
,indep5d5ce4  ,footnote #dg ,he saw also
 ! celebrat$ pamphlete]1 ,?omas ,pa9e1  
:o t5 ye>s aft]w>d came to ,france1 & 0 
*os5 a memb] ( ! ,national ,conv5tion4  
,toge!r ) ,lafayette1 our au?or 0 elect$

 a memb] ( ! ,academy ( ,philadelphia4  
,despite s _m circum/ances to prepossess
 him 9 favor ( ! ,am]icans1 he appe>s n 
a v ard5t admir] ( :at he witnesses ab\t
 him4 ,he %[s b little sympa?y ) !      
,quak]s1 ^: smoo? & :e$l+ tone disgu/s  
him1 & :om he repres5ts z :olly giv5 up 
to mak+ money4 ,philadelphia he calls ! 
great s9k 9 :i* all ! speculations ( !  
,unit$ ,/ates meet & m+le4 ,! city !n _h
 #dj1jjj inhabitants2 x n[ conta9s      
#fjj1jjj4    ,footnote #dg3 ,a mi/ake ( 
! review]'s4 ,samuel ,adams _h no h&   9
 writ+ ! ,decl>ation1 nor does de       
,*a/ellux say t he   _h4--,,ed4 ,c4 ,w4 
,we c easily conceive t1 9 contra/+ !   
appe>ance ( ?is republican gov]nm5t ) ! 
great ,fr5* mon>*y1 he %\ld h f\nd      
abundant food = /udy & reflection4 ,he  
speaks ) great res]ve1 b :at little he  
says is en\gh to %[ t he 0 n s mu*      
enamor$ ( republican ideas z ,lafayette 
& mo/ ( 8 fri5ds4 ,! disciple (         
,montesquieu loses mu* ( 8 admiration = 
! ,am]ican con/itutions :5 he sees !m 9 

op]ation1 & seems especially loa? to    
introduce !m into 8 own c\ntry4 ,!      
con/itution ( ,p5nsylvania /rikes him z 
p>ticul>ly defective4  ,! /ate (        
,p5nsylvania is f> f be+ "o ( ! be/     
gov]n$ ( ! memb]s ( ! conf$]ation4 ,!   
gov]nm5t is )\t =ce2 nor c x be o!rwise4
 ,a popul> gov]nm5t c nev] h any :il/ ! 
p are unc]ta9 & vacillat+ 9 _! op9ions2 
= !n ! lead]s seek r to please ?an to   
s]ve !m1 & end by becom+ ! slaves ( !   
multitude :om !y pret5d$ to gov]n4  ,?is
 con/itution _h "o capital defect3 x    
provid$ only = a s+le legislative *amb]4
 ,aft] a disa/r\s trial1 ,p5nsylvania 0 
#aij compell$ to *ange h] laws1 & adopt 
! sy/em ( two *amb]s1 l ! o!r /ates ( ! 
,union4  ,our au?or betrays 8 misgiv+s  
mo/ cle>ly 9 8 n>rative ( an int]view ) 
,samuel ,adams4 ,8 report ( !           
conv]sation is especially curi\s1 z x   
%[s h[ entirely ! two speak]s 7         
preoccupi$ by diff]5t ideas4 ,samuel    
,adams1 :o has be5 call$ ! ,am]ican     
,cato1 b5t himself to prove ! revolution

 ju/ifiable1 by argum5ts drawn n only f 
natural "r b f hi/orical prec$5t4 ,!    
?or\ghly ,engli% "* ( m9d ( ^!          
innovators l$ !m to make x a sort ( po9t
 ( honor to f9d a sanction = _! conduct 
9 tradition4 ,m4 de ,*a/ellux1 l a true 
,fr5*man1 made no acc\nt ( su* reason+s4
  ,i am cle>ly ( op9ion t ! p>liam5t (  
,engl& _h no "r to tax ,am]ica )\t h]   
cons5t2 b ,i am /ill m cle>ly conv9c$ t1
 :5 a :ole p say1 ',we w be free6' x is 
difficult to demon/rate t !y are 9 !    
wrong4 ,be t z x may1 ,mr4 ,adams v     
satisfactorily prov$ to me t ,new ,engl&
 0 peopl$ ) no view to comm]ce &        
aggr&izem5t1 b :olly by individuals :o  
fl$ f p]secution1 & s\ght an asylum at !
 extremity ( ! _w1 :]e !y might be free 
to live & foll[ _! own op9ions2 t x 0 ( 
_! own accord t ^! coloni/s plac$       
!mselves "u ! protection ( ,engl&2 t !  
mutual relation%ip spr++ f ?is          
connection 0 express$ 9 _! *>t]s1 & t ! 
"r ( impos+ or exact+ a rev5ue ( any k9d
 0 n compris$ 9 !m4 ,!re 0 no "q betwe5 

! two speak]s ( ! ,f$]al ,con/itution1 =
 x did n yet exi/4 ,! /ates at t "t =m$ 
m]ely a conf$]ation ( sov]eign /ates1 ) 
a g5]al congress1 l ! ,g]man            
conf$]ation4 ,!y _h no presid5t or      
c5tral adm9i/ration4 ,! con/itutions    
spok5 ( 9 ?is conv]sation 7 simply !    
sep>ate con/itutions ( ! individual     
/ates1 & ,samuel ,adams1 be+ f          
,massa*usetts1 ref]r$ p>ticul>ly to t   
/ate4 ,m4 de ,*a/ellux1 accu/om$ to !   
complex social sy/ems ( ,europe1 0      
surpris$ t no prop]ty qualification %\ld
 be requir$ ( vot]s2 ! ,am]icans1 on !  
contr>y1 :o _h always liv$ 9 a          
democratic community1 bo? be=e & s9ce ! 
decl>ation ( indep5d5ce1 c\ld n         
compreh5d ! necessity ( su* a           
re/riction4 ,bo? 7 d\btless "r2 = x is  
equally difficult to e/abli% political  
inequality :]e x does n already exi/1 & 
to sudd5ly aboli% x :]e x does exi/4 ,! 
con/itution ( ,massa*usetts1 sup]ior 9  
?is respect to t ( ,p5nsylvania1 provid$
 = a mod]at+ p[] by creation ( a        

gov]nor's c\ncil1 elect$ by             
prop]ty-hold]s4  ,our au?or's fir/      
j\rney t]m9ates 9 ! nor?1 ne> ! ,canada 
fronti]4 ,he crosses ! froz5 riv]s 9 a  
sleigh1 9 ord] to visit ! battle-field (
 ,s>atoga1 ! sc5e1 ?ree ye>s be=e1 !    
capitulation ( ,g5]al ,burgoyne1 ! mo/  
important success :i* ! ,am]icans _h    
a*iev$ previ\s to ! arrival ( ! ,fr5*4  
,return+ to ,newport 9 ! e>ly "p (      
#agha1 aft] hav+ travell$1 9 ! c\rse (  
two mon?s1 m ?an ?ree hundr$ leagues1 on
 horseback or 9 sleighs1 he pass$ ! re/ 
( ! ye> solely occupi$ 9 ! duties ( !   
glori\s campaign :i* put an end to ! w>4
 ,he wrote a j\rnal ( ?is campaign1 b x 
has n be5 publi%$4 ,he speaks ( x 9 !   
n>rative ( 8 travels4 ,f ! ,memoires (  
,ro*ambeau1 h[ev]1 we le>n some?+ ( 8   
gallant behavior at ! siege ( ,yorkt[n1 
:]e1 at ! head ( ! res]ve1 he repuls$ a 
sortie ( ! enemy4  ,8 second j\rney 0   
made imm$iately aft] ! surr5d] (        
,cornwallis1 & 0 direct$ t[>d ,virg9ia1 
! mo/ important ( ! s\!rn1 z            

,p5nsylvania 0 ( ! nor!rn1 /ates4 ,x 0 !
 bir?-place ( ,wa%+ton1 ( ,jeff]son1 (  
,madison1 & #aia ( ,monroe2 ! /ate :i*  
%>$ mo/ actively 9 ! w> ( indep5d5ce1 & 
:i* is n[ ! pr9cipal battle-field ( !   
bloody /ruggle betwe5 ,nor? & ,s\?4 ,?is
 second j\rney did n p>take ( ! milit>y 
& political "* ( ! fir/4 ,n[ t ! de/9y (
 ,am]ica seem$ settl$1 ! au?or gave 8   
att5tion1 pr9cipally1 to natural hi/ory4
 ,9 e phrase we recognize ! pupil &     
admir] ( ,buffon4 ,8 *ief purpose 0 to  
visit a natural bridge ( rock across "o 
( ! afflu5ts ( ! ,james riv]1 9 !       
,appala*ian m\nta9s4 ,he describes ?is  
/up5d\s ar* ) great c>e1 & illu/rates 8 
n>rative ) sev]al draw+s :i* he caus$ to
 be made by an (fic] ( eng9e]s4  ,a     
propos ( ?is subject1 he indulges 9     
speculations ^u ! geological =mation ( !
 ,new ,_w1 q aft] ! mann] ( ! au?or (   
,epoques de la nature4 ,on ! road he    
amus$ himself by hunt+4 ,he describes ! 
animals t he kills1 & gives an acc\nt ( 
! mock+-bird1 :i* almo/ equals ,buffon's

 9 vivacity1 & excels x 9 accuracy4 ,he 
gives sev]al details respect+ ! opossum1
 t s+ul> animal :i* almo/ seems to      
belong to a diff]5t creation4 ,all      
natural objects int]e/ him1 & he /udies 
!m ) ! zeal ( a fir/ discov]]4 ,8       
description ( ! mock+-bird is well wor? 
reproduc+3  ,i rose ) ! sun1 &1 :ile    
breakfa/ 0 prep>+1 took a walk ar\nd !  
h\se4 ,! birds 7 he>d on e side1 b my   
att5tion 0 *iefly attract$ by a v       
agreeable song1 :i* appe>$ to proce$ f a
 neighbor+ tree4 ,i approa*$ s(tly1 &   
p]ceiv$ x to be a mock+-bird1 salut+ !  
ris+ sun4 ,at fir/ ,i 0 afraid (        
fright5+ x1 b my pres5ce1 on ! contr>y1 
gave x pleasure2 =1 app>5tly delight$ at
 hav+ an auditor1 x sang bett] ?an be=e1
 & its emulation seem$ to increase :5 x 
saw a c\ple ( dogs1 :i* foll[$ me1 draw 
ne> to ! tree on :i* x 0 p]*$4 ,x kept  
hopp+ incessantly f bran* to bran*1 /ill
 cont9u+ its song2 = ?is extraord9>y    
bird is n less rem>kable = its agility  
?an its *>m+ notes4 ,x keeps p]petually 

ris+ & s9k+1 s z to appe> n less !      
favorite ( ,t]psi*ore ?an ,polyhymnia4  
,?is bird _c c]ta9ly be reproa*$ )      
fatigu+ its auditors1 = no?+ c be m v>i$
 ?an its song1 ( :i* x is impossible to 
give an imitation1 or ev5 to furni% any 
adequate idea4 ,z x _h e reason to be   
satisfi$ ) my att5tion1 x conceal$ f me 
none ( its tal5ts2 & "o w\ld h ?\ght t1 
aft] hav+ delight$ me ) a conc]t1 x 0   
desir\s ( ent]ta9+ me ) a com$y4 ,x     
began to c\nt]feit diff]5t birds2 ^? :i*
 x imitat$ ! mo/ naturally1 at lea/ to a
 /rang]1 7 ! jay1 ! rav51 ! c>d9al1 & ! 
lapw+4 ,x appe>$ desir\s ( deta9+ me ne>
 x2 =1 aft] ,i _h li/5$ = a qu>t] ( an  
h\r1 x foll[$ me on my return to ! h\se1
 fly+ f tree to tree1 always s++1       
sometimes its natural song1 at o!rs ^?  
:i* x _h le>n$ 9 ,virg9ia & 9 its       
travels2 = ?is bird is "o ( ^? :i* *ange
 climate1 al?\gh x sometimes appe>s "h  
dur+ ! w9t]4  ,cont9u+ 8 j\rney1 !      
travell] visit$ ,jeff]son at 8          
c\ntry-home1 situat$ deep 9 ! wild]ness1

 on ! skirts ( ! ,blue ,ridge4 ,?is     
visit gives him opportunity = a new     
hi/orical portrait3  ,x 0 ,jeff]son     
himself :o built 8 h\se & *ose !        
situation4 ,he calls x ,monticello      
'little m\nta9'1 a mode/ title1 = x is  
built ^u a v high m\nta92 b ! "n        
indicates ! own]'s atta*m5t to !        
language ( ,italy1 & above all to ! f9e 
arts1 ( :i* t c\ntry 0 ! cradle4 ,he is 
a man n yet =ty1 ( tall /ature & a mild 
& pleasant c\nt5ance2 b 8 m9d & und]/&+ 
are ample sub/itutes = e ext]nal grace4 
#aib ,an ,am]ican :o1 )\t hav+ ev]      
quitt$ 8 own c\ntry1 is skill$ 9 music &
 draw+2 a geometrician1 an a/ronom]1 a  
natural philosoph]1 a juri/ & a         
/atesman2 a s5ator :o sat = two ye>s 9 !
 congress :i* br\ght ab\t ! revolution1 
& :i* is nev] m5tion$ )\t respect1 ?\gh 
unhappily n )\t regret2 ,footnote #dh a 
gov]nor ( ,virg9ia1 :o fill$ ?is        
difficult /ation dur+ ! invasions (     
,arnold1 ( ,phillips1 & ( ,cornwallis2 9
 f9e1 a philosoph] 9 volunt>y retirem5t 

f ! _w & public affairs1 because he only
 loves ! _w s long z he c flatt] himself
 ) ! conviction t he is ( "s use to     
mank9d4 ,a mild & amiable wife1 *>m+    
*ildr51 ( ^: education he himself takes 
*>ge1 a h\se to embelli%1 great         
possessions to improve1 & ! arts &      
sci5ces to cultivate--^! are :at rema9  
to ,mr4 ,jeff]son aft] hav+ play$ a     
di/+ui%$ "p on ! !atre ( ! ,new ,_w4    
,be=e ,i _h be5 two h\rs 9 8 company1 we
 7 z ultimate z if we _h pass$ our :ole 
lives toge!r4 ,walk+1 books1 b above all
 a conv]sation always v>i$ & int]e/+1   
su/a9$ by t sweet satisfaction exp]i5c$ 
by two p]sons ^: s5tim5ts are always 9  
unison1 & :o und]/& ea* o!r at ! fir/   
h9t1 made f\r days seem to me only s _m 
m9utes4 ,no object _h escap$ ,mr4       
,jeff]son's att5tion2 & x seem$ z if f 8
 y\? he _h plac$ 8 m9d1 z he has done 8 
h\se1 on an elevation f :i* he might    
contemplate ! univ]se4    ,footnote #dh3
 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates 7 !n pass+ ?r\gh a    
crisis   ( an>*y1 :i* la/$ until !      

adoption ( ! ,f$]al   ,con/itution 9    
#aghh1 & ! elevation ( ,wa%+ton to !    
presid5cy4  ,at ! p]iod ( ?is visit1    
,mr4 ,jeff]son ?\ght only ( retirem5t2 b
 :5 ,m4 de ,*a/ellux's ,voyages en      
,am]ique appe>$1 ?ree ye>s aft]w>d1 he 0
 m9i/]-pl5ipot5ti>y ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 
,p>is4 ,! dea? ( 8 wife _h det]m9$ him  
to return to public life4 ,he =m$ a     
solid fri5d%ip = ,m4 de ,*a/ellux1 ( :i*
 8 correspond5ce conta9s abundant pro(4 
,! brilliant ,fr5* soldi] introduc$ !   
solit>y ( ,monticello1 ! ,am]ican       
wild-man ( ! m\nta9s1 to ! salons (     
,p>is2 & ! republican /atesman1 ) !     
mann]s ( an ari/ocrat1 ent]$1 no?+ loa?1
 into ! society ( ! gay & poli%$        
capital1 :]e he receiv$ ! same welcome &
 honors t 7 accord$ to ,frankl94  ,?is  
portion ( ! ,j\rnal closes ) "s g5]al   
rem>ks ^u ,virg9ia1 :i* possess a new   
int]e/ n[ t ! p ( t /ate reappe> ^u !   
sc5e 9 ! same bellicose & indomitable "*
 :i* !y bore ( old4  ,! ,virg9ians diff]
 ess5tially f ! p ( ! ,nor?1 n only 9 ! 

nature ( _! climate1 soil1 &            
agriculture1 b 9 t indelible "* :i* is  
impr9t$ on e nation at ! mom5t ( its    
orig91 & :i*1 by p]petuat+ itself f     
g5]ation to g5]ation1 ju/ifies ! great  
pr9ciple t 'ev]y?+ :i* is p>takes ( t   
:i* has be54' ,! settlem5t ( ,virg9ia   
took place at ! comm5cem5t ( ! sev5te5? 
c5tury4 ,! republican & democratic _s 0 
n !n common 9 ,engl&2 t ( comm]ce &     
navigation 0 sc>cely 9 its infancy4 ,!  
long w>s ) ,france & ,spa9 _h p]petuat$ 
! milit>y _s1 & ! fir/ coloni/s (       
,virg9ia 7 compos$ 9 great "p ( g5tlem5 
:o _h no o!r pr(ession ?an t ( arms4 ,x 
0 natural1 !re=e1 = ^! coloni/s1 :o 7   
fill$ ) milit>y pr9ciples & ! prejudices
 ( nobility1 to c>ry !m ev5 into ! mid/ 
( ! savages ^: l&s !y came to occupy4   
,ano!r cause :i* op]at$ 9 =m+ _! "* 0 ! 
in/itution ( slav]y4 ,x may be ask$ h[  
^! prejudices h be5 br\ght to co9cide ) 
a revolution f\nd$ on su* diff]5t       
pr9ciples8 ,i answ] #aic t !y h p]haps  
contribut$ to produce x4 ,:ile !        

insurrection 9 ,new ,engl& 0 ! result ( 
reason & calculation1 ,virg9ia revolt$  
?r\gh pride4    ,! ?ird & la/ j\rney (  
,m4 de ,*a/ellux l$ him ?r\gh ,new      
,hamp%ire1 ,massa*usetts1 & nor!rn      
,p5nsylvania4 ,?is 0 dur+ ! mon?s (     
,novemb] & ,decemb]1 #aghb1 on ! eve ( 8
 return to ,france4 ,he />t$ f ,h>t=d1 !
 capital ( ,connecticut1 &1 aft] visit+ 
sev]al o!r places1 w5t to ,bo/on1 = he  
c\ld n leave ,am]ica )\t see+ ?is city1 
! cradle ( ! revolution4 ,he f\nd at ?is
 port ! ,fr5* fleet1 "u comm& ( ,m4 de  
,vaudreuil1 :i* 0 to c>ry back !        
exp$ition>y corps to ,france4 ,he closes
 8 ,j\rnal ) an int]e/+ acc\nt ( !      
univ]sity at ,cambridge1 :i* ,amp]e1 :o 
01 l him1 a memb] ( ! ,fr5* ,academy1   
visit$ & describ$ sev5ty ye>s aft]w>d4  
,9 ! app5dix to 8 book he gives a lett] 
writt5 by himself on bo>d ! frigate     
l',em]aude1 j be=e sail+1 to ,mr4       
,madison1 pr(essor ( philosophy 9       
,william & ,m>y ,college4 ,x is ^u a    
subject :i* has n yet lo/ its           

appropriat5ess--! future ( ! arts &     
sci5ces 9 ,am]ica4 ,a democratic &      
comm]cial society1 always 9 a f]m5t1    
seem$ to him h>dly compatible )         
sci5tific1 & /ill less ) arti/ic1       
progress4 ,b1 9 8 solicitude = ! welf>e 
( ! c\ntry he _h be5 def5d+1 he w\ld n  
all[ t ! difficulty 0 insup]able4 ,"s ( 
8 rem>ks ^u ?is subject are extremely   
delicate & +5i\s4  ,! "q :i* tr\bl$ him 
is n yet fully answ]$1 b x is 9 a fair  
way ( be+ settl$4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates h    
really made b little progress 9 ! arts1 
?\gh !y h produc$ a few pictures &      
/atues :i* h elicit$ admiration ev5 9   
,europe at rec5t indu/rial exhibitions4 
,!y are beg9n+1 h[ev]1 to h a lit]ature4
 ,ev5 9 ! days ( ! revolution !y c\ld   
boa/ ( ! writ+s ( ,frankl91 :i* comb9$  
!-mo/ *>m+ orig9ality ) ref9em5t & solid
 good s5se4 ,n[ !y c %[1 among noveli/s1
 ,f5imore ,coop] & ! celebrat$ ,mrs4    
,bee*] ,/[e1 ^: book gave ! signal =    
ano!r revolution2 among /ory-tell]s1    
,wa%+ton ,irv+ & ,haw?orne2 among       

critics1 ,ticknor2 among hi/orians1     
,prescott & ,bancr(t2 among economi/s1  
,c>ey2 among political writ]s1 ,ev]ett2 
among morali/s1 ,em]son & ,*ann+2 among 
poets1 ,bryant & ,longfell[4 ,9 sci5ce  
!y h done /ill m4 ,!y h adopt$ &        
naturaliz$ "o ( ! fir/ ( mod]n          
geologi/s1 ,agassiz2 & ! hydrographical 
labors ( ,maury1 late director ( !      
,wa%+ton ,obs]vatory1 are ! admiration (
 ! :ole _w4 ,_! imm5se developm5t 9     
indu/rial pursuits implies a correspond+
 progress 9 practical sci5ce4 ,x 0      
,fulton1 an ,am]ican1 :o inv5t$ !       
/eamboat1 & c>ri$ out 9 8 own c\ntry !  
idea :i* he c\ld n p]suade ,europe to   
li/5 to2 & only lately ! reap+-ma*9e has
 come to u f ! %ores ( ! great lakes & !
 va/ prairies ( ! ,f> ,we/4  ,:5 !      
,voyages en ,am]ique appe>$1 !          
revolution>y p>ty 9 ,france 7 /ill m    
dissatisfi$ ) ! book ?an !y _h be5 ) !  
,felicite publique4 ,!y 7 angry at !    
wise & unprejudic$ judgm5ts :i* ! au?or 
pass$ ^u m5 & ?+s 9 ! ,new ,_w2 !y 7    

angry t he f\nd "s ?+s n q p]fect 9     
republican society1 t 8 praises (       
democracy 7 n l\d]1 8 d5unciations ( !  
pa/ n m sweep+4 ,brissot de ,w>ville1 ^:
 cau/ic p5 0 already 9 full ex]cise1    
publi%$ a bitt] review ( ! book4 ,"s ( !
 ho/ile criticisms f\nd _! way to !     
,unit$ ,/ates1 & ,m4 de ,*a/ellux1 9    
s5d+ a copy ( 8 "w to ,g5]al ,wa%+ton1  
took occasion to #aid def5d himself4 ,he
 receiv$ f ! g5]al a long & affectionate
 reply1 writt5 at ,m\nt ,v]non1 9       
,april1 #aghf4    ,m4 de ,*a/ellux also 
wrote a ,disc\rse on ! ,advantages &    
,disadvantages :i* h result$ to ,europe 
f ! ,discov]y ( ,am]ica1 & edit$ !      
com$ies ( ! ,m>*ioness de ,gleon4 ,?is  
lady1 celebrat$ = h] wit & beauty1 0 !  
daught] ( a ri* f9anci]4 ,at h] h\se1   
,la ,*evrette1 ne> ,montmor5cy1 %e      
ent]ta9$ all ! lit]>y _w1 & gave        
repres5tations ( h] own plays4 ,h]      
fri5d1 ,m4 de ,*a/ellux1 0 himself !    
au?or ( a few dramatic pieces1 p]=m$    
ei!r at ,la ,*evrette or at ! ,pr9ce de 

,conde's1 at ,*antilly2 b !y h nev] be5 
publi%$4 ,we %all respect 8 res]ve1 &   
refra9 f giv+ our read]s a ta/e ei!r (  
^! compositions or ( 8 ,plan = a g5]al  
,re=m ( ! ,fr5* ,infantry1 & o!r        
unpubli%$ writ+s4   ,aft] 8 return f    
,am]ica1 de ,*a/ellux 0 appo9t$ gov]nor 
( ,longwy4 ,he _h rea*$ ! age ( ne>ly   
fifty & 0 /ill unm>ri$1 :5 he met at !  
ba?s ( ,spa1 :i* 7 /ill ! resort ( all !
 good company 9 ,europe1 a "y1          
beautiful1 & accompli%$ ,iri% girl1 nam$
 ,miss ,plunkett1 ) :om he fell ov] head
 & e>s 9 love4 ,he m>ri$ h] 9 #aghg1 b  
did n long enjoy 8 happ9ess1 = he di$ ! 
next ye>4 ,l mo/ m5 :o devote !mselves  
to ! public welf>e1 he _h sadly neglect$
 8 private affairs4 ,be+ ! y\nge/ ( five
 *ildr51 8 =tune 0 n l>ge1 & x gave him 
little tr\ble to run ?r\gh x4 ,g5]al    
(fic]s 9 ^? days took a pride 9 _!      
pr(use exp5ditures 9 ! field3 he ru9$   
himself by 8 ,am]ican campaign4 ,8 wid[ 
0 atta*$ 9 ! capacity ( maid ( honor to 
! p]son ( ! e/imable daught] ( ! ,duke  

de ,p5?ievre1 ! ,du*ess ( ,orleans1 "m (
 ,k+ ,l\is ,philippe4 ,?is pr9cess      
adopt$1 aft] a c]ta9 fa%ion1 8 po/hum\s 
son1 :o became "o ( ! *evali]s d'honneur
 ( ,madame ,adelaide1 ! daught] ( 8     
patroness4 ,he 0 successively a deputy &
 pe] ( ,france aft] ! revolution #ahcj4 
,he publi%$ a %ort memoir ( 8 fa!r1     
prefix$ to an edition ( ! ,felicite     
publique4  ------  #aie  ,f ,! ,mon?4   
,,! ,,leg5d ,,( ,,lim]ick ,,bells4  ,,by
 ,,bessie ,,rayn] ,,p>kes4     ,!re is a
 conv5t on ! ,alban hill1       ,r\nd ^:
 /one roots ! gn>l$ olives gr[2   ,above
 are murmurs ( ! m\nta9 rill1       ,&  
all ! broad ,campagna lies bel[2   ,:]e 
fa9t gray build+s & a %ad[y dome        
,sugge/ ! spl5dor ( et]nal ,rome4       
,hundr$s ( ye>s ago1 ^! conv5t-walls    
,7 re>$ by masons ( ! ,go?ic age3   ,!  
date is c>v$ ^u ! l(ty halls1       ,!  
/ory writt5 on ! illum9$ page4   ,:at   
pa9s !y took to make x /rong & fair   ,!
 tall bell-t[] & sculptur$ por* decl>e4 
,:5 all ! /ones 7 plac$1 ! w9d[s /a9$1  

,& ! tall bell-t[] f9i%$ to ! cr[n1     
,only "o want 9 ?is fair pile rema9$1   
,:]eat a cunn+ workman ( ! t[n   7,!    
little t[n ^u ! ,alban hill7   ,toil$   
day & night 8 purpose to fulfil4        
,sev5 bells he made1 ( v r>e devise1    
,) grav5 lilies twi/$ up & d[n2   ,sev5 
bells proportionate 9 diff]+ size1      
,& full ( melody f rim to cr[n2   ,s t1 
:5 %ak5 by ! w9d alone1   ,!y murmur$ ) 
a s(t ,a,eolian tone4    ,^! be+ plac$  
)9 ! great bell-t[]1       ,& duly rung 
by pi\s skilful h&1   ,m>k$ ! due pray]s
 ( ea* recurr+ h\r1       ,& sweetly    
mix$ p]suasion ) comm&4   ,?r\gh ! gn>l$
 olive-trees ! music w\nd1   ,& miles ( 
broad ,campagna he>d ! s\nd4    ,& !n ! 
cunn+ workman put aside       ,8 =ge1 8 
hamm]1 & ! tools he us$   ,to *ase ^?   
lilies2 8 ke5 furnace di$2       ,& all 
:o ask$ = bells 7 h5ce refus$4   ,) ^! 8
 be/1 8 la/ 7 also wr\ght1   ,& refuge 9
 ! conv5t-walls he s\ght4    ,!re did he
 live1 & !re he hop$ to die1       ,he>+
 ! w9d among ! cypress-trees   ,h9t     

unimag9$ music1 & ! sky       ,?rob full
 ( *imes borne d[nw>d by ! breeze2   ,^:
 undulations1 sweep+ ?r\gh ! air1   ,8  
art might claim z an embodi$ pray]4     
#aif  ----    ,b ^? 7 /ormy days 9      
,italy3       ,d[n came ! spoil] f !    
uneasy ,nor?1   ,swept ! ,campagna to ! 
b\nd+ sea1       ,sack$ pi\s homes1 &   
drove ! inmates =?2   ,:e!r a ,norman or
 a ,g]man foe1   ,hi/ory is sil5t1 & we 
d n "k4    ,bro!rs 9 fai? 7 !y2 yet did 
n deem       ,! sacr$ prec9cts b>r$     
de/roy+ h&4   ,?r\gh ^? ri* w9d[s p\r$ !
 :it5$ beam1       ,=lorn ! *ur* & ru9$ 
alt> /&4   ,z ! sad monks w5t =?1 t     
self-same h\r   ,saw empty sil5ce 9 !   
great bell-t[]4    ,! outca/ bre?r5     
scatt]$ f> & wide2       ,"s by !       
,danube re/$1 "s 9 ,spa93   ,on ! gre5  
,loire ! ag$ abbot di$1       ,by ^:    
lov$ feet "o bro!r did rema9   ,fai?ful 
9 all 8 w&]+s3 x 0 he   ,:o ca/ & *as$  
^? bells 9 ,italy4    ,he1 dwell+ at    
,m>monti]1 by ! tomb       ,( 8 de>     
fa!r1 :]e ! %9+ ,loire   ,fl[s d[n f    

,t\rs amid/ ! purple bloom       ,(     
mead[-fl[]s1 "s ye>s ( pati5ce saw4     
,^? fr+$ isles 7:]e popl>s tremble /ill7
   ,sway$ l ! olives ( ! ,alban hill4   
,! man 0 old1 & rev]5d 9 8 age2       ,&
 ! ,great ,mona/]y held him de>4        
,/alw>t & /]n1 z "s old ,roman sage     
,subdu$ to ,*ri/1 he liv$ f ye> to ye>1 
,till 8 be>d silv]$1 & ! fi]y gl[   ,( 8
 d>k eye 0 ov]hung ) sn[4    ,& be+     
tru/$1 z ( prud5t way1       ,!y *ose   
him = a message ( import1   ,:i* !      
,great ,mona/]y w\ld convey       ,to a 
good patron 9 an ,iri% c\rt2   ,:o1 by !
 ,%annon1 s\ght ! means to f\nd   ,/4   
,m>t9's (f-%oot on t di/ant gr\nd4    ,!
 old ,italian took 8 /aff 9 h&1       ,&
 j\rney$ sl[ly f ! gre5 ,t\ra9e   ,ov] !
 hea!r & salt-%9+ s&1       ,until he   
saw ! leap+ cre/$ ma91   ,:i*1 da%+ r\nd
 ! ,cape ( ,brittany1   ,sweeps to !    
conf9es ( ! ,iri% ,sea4  #aig    ,!re he
 took %ip1 & !nce ) labor+ sail         
,he cross$ ! wat]s1 till a fa9t gray l9e
   ,rose 9 ! nor!rn sky2 s fa9t1 s pale1

       ,only ! he>t t loves h] w\ld     
div9e1   ,9 h] dim welcome1 all t fancy 
pa9ts   ,( ! gre5 glory ( ! ,isle (     
,sa9ts4    ,?r\gh ! l[ banks1 :]e       
,%annon meets ! sea1       ,up ! broad  
wat]s ( ! ,riv] ,k+   7,!n popul\s ) a  
nation71 j\rney$ he1       ,?r\gh t old 
,irel& :i* h] poets s+2   ,& ! :ite     
vessel1 brea/+ up ! /ream1   ,mov$      
sl[ly1 l a %ip )9 a dream4    ,:5       
,lim]ick t[]s uprose be=e 8 gaze1       
,a s\nd ( music float$ 9 ! air--        
,music :i* held him 9 a fix$ amaze1     
,^: silv] t5d]ness 0 ali5 !re2   ,notes 
full ( murmurs ( ! s\!rn seas1   ,&     
dusky olives sway+ 9 ! breeze4    ,8    
*imes6 ! *ildr5 ( ! great bell-t[]1     
,empty & sil5t n[ = _m a ye>1   ,he he>s
 !m r++ out ! vesp] h\r1       ,own$ 9  
an in/ant by 8 lov+ e>4   ,k9d angels   
/ay$ ! spoil]'s ha/y h&1   ,& wat*$ _!  
j\rney+ ov] sea & l&4    ,! :ite-sail$  
boat mov$ sl[ly up ! /ream2       ,! old
 man lay ) fold$ h&s at re/2   ,!       
,%annon gli/5$ 9 ! sunset beam2       ,!

 bells rang g5tly o'er its %9+ brea/1   
,%ak+ out music f ea* lili$ rim3   ,x 0 
a requiem :i* !y rang = him4    ,= :5 ! 
boat 0 moor$ beside ! quay1       ,he   
lay z *ildr5 lie :5 lull$ by song2   ,b 
nev] m to wak54 ,t5d]ly       ,!y buri$ 
him wild-fl[]s & grass among1   ,:]e on 
! cross alights ! w&]+ bird1   ,& h\r by
 h\r ! bells he lov$ are he>d4  ------  
#aih   ,f ,london ,society4  ,a ,,p]il\s
 ,,j\rney4   ,a ,,tale4     ,!re is a   
tide 9 ! affairs ( m51   ,:i*1 tak5 at !
 flood1 leads on to =tune--   ,s says ! 
sage1 & x is n to be ga9say$ by any man 
:om =ty w9t]s h *ill$ into wisdom4      
,ability & opportunity are =tune4       
,opportunity is n =tune2 o!rwise all 7  
=tunate4 ,ability is n =tune1 else :y   
does g5ius slave8 ,:y8 ,b because x     
miss$ ! opportunity t fitt$ x8  ,:at ,i 
h--wife1 position1 indep5d5ce--,i owe to
 an opportunity = ex]cis+ ! v simple &  
unpret5d+ comb9ation ( qualities t goes 
by ! "n ( ability4 ,b to my /ory4  ,my  
fa!r 0 a weal?y c\ntry g5tleman1 (      

some:at m ?an ! av]age ( intellig5ce1 & 
some:at m ?an ! av]age ( g5]osity &     
extravagance4 ,8 y\ng] bro!r1 a         
solicitor 9 l>ge practice 9 ,london1    
w\ld 9 va9 remon/rate z to ! imprud5ce (
 8 c\rse4 ,giv+ freely1 sp5d+ freely1   
mu/ come to an end4 ,x did2 & at tw5ty  
,i 0 a well educat$1 g5tlemanly paup]4  
,! inve/igation ( my fa!r's affairs %[$ 
t !re 0 "o %ill+ & sixp5ce 9 ! p\nd = ! 
:ole ( 8 cr$itors1 & ( c\rse no?+ = me4 
,! position 0 pa9ful4 ,i 0 half         
engag$--to t is1 ,i _h gloves1 fl[]s1 a 
r+let1 a c>te de visite ( ,alice        
,morton4 ,t1 ( c\rse1 mu/ be /opp$4     
,mr4 ,silas ,morton 0 n ill-pleas$ at ! 
prospect ( an alliance ) 8 neighbor     
,we/wood's son :ile !re 0 an expectation
 ( a provision = ! "y c\ple 9 ! union ( 
e/ates z well z p]sons2 b n[1 :5 ! e/ate
 0 gone1 :5 ,i1 ,guy ,we/wood1 0        
%ill+less 9 ! _w1 x w\ld be folly inde$4
 ,nev]!less ,i mu/ take my leave4       
,well1 ,guy1 my lad1 bad job ?is2 v bad 
job2 ?\ght he 0 z safe z ! ,bank4 ,w\ld 

n h believ$ x f any "o--n f any "o4 ,(  
c\rse all t nons5se ab\t y & ,alice mu/ 
be /opp$ n[2 ,i'm n a h>d man1 b ,i c't 
all[ ,alice to ?r[ away h] life 9 !     
pov]ty %e w\ld h to be> z y\r wife2 c't 
d x2 w\ldn't be ! "p ( a fa!r if ,i did4
  ,i sugge/$ ,i might 9 "t4  ,"t1 sir6  
"t6 ,h[ mu*8 ,%e's n9ete5 n[4 ,y're     
br\ght up to no?+2 "k no?+ t w e>n y a  
sixp5ce = ! next six mon?s2 & y talk    
ab\t "t4 ,"t1 inde$6 ,keep h] wait+ till
 %e's ?irty1 & !n break h] he>t by f9d+ 
x a folly to m>ry at all4'  ,ah6 ,alice1
 my de>1 ,guy's come to say ',good by3' 
he sees1 ) me1 t 8 alt]$ position       
compels him1 z an honorable man1 to give
 up any hopes he may h =m$ z to !       
future4  ,he left u alone to say        
',f>ewell6'--a ^w too h>d to say at our 
ages4 ,( c\rse we consult$ :at %\ld be  
done4 ,to give ea* o!r up1 to bury !    
delici\s pa/1 t 0 n to be ?\ght (4 ,we  
w\ld be con/ant1 spite ( all4 ,i mu/ ga9
 a position1 & papa w\ld !n help u4     
,two ways 7 op52 a commission 9 ,india1 

a place 9 my uncle's (fice4 ,:i*8 ,i 0 =
 ! commission1 ,alice = ! (fice4 ,a     
respectable influ5tial solicitor2 a     
position n to be despis$2 no?+ b        
clev]ness want$2 & my uncle's "n1 & no  
"o to wait =2 no liv] #aii compla9ts2 no
 sepoys2 no sea voyages2 & no long      
sep>ation4  ,oh1 ,i'm sure x is ! be/   
?+4  ,i agre$1 n unnaturally !n1 t x 0 !
 be/4  ,n[1 y "y p1 y've _h "t en\gh to 
say ',good by1' s be (f1 ,guy4 ,"h1 my  
lad1 y'll ne$ some?+ to />t )1 & ! old  
g5tleman put into my h&s a note = fifty 
p\nds4  ,i mu/ beg1 sir1 t y w n        
insult--  ,god bless ! boy6 ',insult6'  
,:y ,i've danc$ y on my knee hundr$s (  
times4 ,look y1 ,guy1--& ! old fell[    
came & put 8 h& on my %\ld]1--x gives me
 pa9 to d :at ,i am do+4 ,i believe1 =  
bo? y\r sakes1 x is be/ y %\ld "p4 ,let 
u "p fri5ds4 ,come n[1 ,guy1 y'll ne$   
?is2 & if y ne$ a little m1 let me "k4  
,b1 sir1 y cut me (f f all hope2 y r5d] 
my life a burd5 to me4 ,give me "s      
def9ite task2 say h[ mu* y ?9k we ought 

to h2 ,i mean h[ mu* ,i ought to h to   
keep ,alice--,i mean ,miss ,morton--9   
su* a position z y w\ld wi%4  ,alice    
add$ h] entreaties1 & ! result ( !      
conf]5ce 0 an und]/&+ t if1 )9 five ye>s
 f t date1 ,i c\ld %[ ,i 0 wor? ,l#ejj a
 ye>1 ! old g5tleman w\ld add ano!r     
,l#ejj2 & on t he ?\ght we might live = 
a few ye>s com=tably4  ,!re 0 to be no  
correspond5ce :atev]2 no meet+s1 no     
messages4 ,we prote/$ & plead$1 & f9ally
 he said--  ,well1 well1 ,guy2 ,i always
 lik$ y1 & lik$ y\r fa!r be=e y4 ,come  
to u on ,*ri/mas day1 & y %all f9d a    
vacant *air beside ,alice4 ,!re1 n[2 say
 ',good by1' & be (f4  ,i w5t (f4 ,i    
came to ,london to "o ( ! little lanes  
lead+ out ( ,cannon /reet4 ,five hundr$ 
a ye> 9 five ye>s6 ,i mu/ "w h>d4  ,my  
uncle took little notice ( me2 ,i fanci$
 work$ me h>d] ?an ! re/1 & paid me !   
same4 ,sev5ty-five p\nds a ye> is n a   
l>ge sum4 ,i _h sp5t x 9 a mon? be=e n[1
 aft] ! fa%ion ( my fa!r3 n[1 ,i ho>d$2 
made clo!s la/2 ate 9 mu/y1 *eap1 little

 cook-%ops2 & kept my enjoy+ faculties f
 absolute ru/ by a weekly half-price to 
! !atres--! pit4  ,! ye> pass$4 ,i w5t  
d[n on ,*ri/mas1 & = tw5ty-f\r h\rs 0   
alive2 came back1 & _h a rise ( tw5ty   
p\nds 9 sal>y = ! next ye>4 ,i wait$ =  
opportunity1 & x came n4  ,?is jog-trot 
r\t9e ( (fice-"w cont9u$ = two ye>s m1 &
 at ! end ( t "t ,i 0 wor? b my sal>y ( 
,l#ace p] ye>--,l#ace6 a long way f     
,l#ejj4 ,oh1 = opportunity8 ,i mu/ quit 
! desk1 & become a m]*ant2 all          
successful m5 h be5 m]*ants2 money      
begets money4 ,b1 to oppose all ^!      
?\ghts ( *ange1 came ! memory ( ,alice's
 la/ words at ,*ri/mas1 ,wait & hope1   
,guy1 de>2 wait & hope4 ,c]ta9ly2 x's s 
easy to4  ,gov]nor wants y1 ,we/wood4   
,he's %>p ?is morn+2 v %>p2 s look out1 
my de> nephy4  ,y und]/& a little       
,italian1 ,i ?9k8 said my uncle4  ,a    
little1 sir4  ,y w />t to-night =       
,flor5ce1 9 ! mail tra94 ,get !re z     
rapidly z possible1 & f9d :e!r a        
,colonel ,wilson is resid+ !re1 & :at   

lady he is resid+ )4 ,le>n all y c z to 
8 position & means1 & ! t]ms on :i* he  
lives ) t lady4 ,write to me1 & wait !re
 = fur!r in/ructions4 ,mr4 ,williams w  
give y a *eque = ,l#ajj2 y c get circul>
 notes = ,l#ej1 & ! re/ ca%4 ,if y h    
any?+ to say1 come 9 "h at five o'clock2
 if n1 good morn+4 ,by-!-by1 say no?+ 9 
! (fice4  ,i ne$ n say t hope made me   
believe my opportunity 0 come4  ,i      
hurri$ to ,flor5ce & dis*>g$ my mission2
 s5t home a #bjj c>eful lett]1 full (   
facts )\t comm5t or op9ion1 & 9 ?ree    
weeks' "t 0 summon$ to return4 ,i _h    
done little or no?+ t c\ld help me1 & 9 
a disappo9t$ /ate ( m9d ,i pack$ up &   
w5t to ! railway /ation at ,/4 ,dom9ico4
 ,a little r[ ) a peasant z to 8 dem& = 
c>ry+ my baggage caus$ me to lose ! la/ 
tra9 t night1 & s ! /eam] at ,leghorn4  
,! /ation-ma/]1 see+ my vexation1       
endeavor$ to console me3  ,!re w be a   
special ?r\gh tra9 to ,leghorn at n9e   
o'clock1 ord]$ = ,c\nt ,spezzato3 he is 
good-natur$1 & w possibly let y g 9 t4  

,x 0 wor? ! *ance1 & ,i hung ab\t !     
/ation till ,i 0 tir$1 & !n walk$ back  
t[>d ! village4 ,pass+ a small w9e-%op1 
,i ent]$1 & ask$ = w9e 9 ,engli%4 ,i    
don't "k :at :im possess$ me :5 ,i did  
x1 = !y 7 unable to und]/& me )\t dumb  
motions4 ,i at l5g? got w9e by ^! means1
 & sat d[n to :ile away ! "t ov] a      
railway volume4  ,i _h be5 seat$ ab\t   
half an h\r1 :5 a c\ri] ent]$1          
accompani$ by a railway gu>d4 ,two m    
diff]5t examples ( ! human race x w\ld  
be difficult to describe4  ,! gu>d 0 a  
d>k1 savage-look+ ,italian1 ) 'rascal' &
 'bully' writt5 all ov] him2 big1 black1
 burly1 ) blood%ot eyes1 & ?ick1 heavy1 
s5sual lips1 ! man 0 utt]ly repulsive4  
,! c\ri] 0 a little1 neatly-dress$ man1 
( no age 9 p>ticul>2 pale1 blue-ey$1    
/raight-lipp$1 8 face 0 a comp\nd ( fox 
& rabbit t only a fool or a patriot w\ld
 h tru/$ out ( arm's l5g?4  ,?is        
ill-mat*$ pair call$ = br&y1 & ! ho/ess 
set x be=e !m4 ,i !n he>d !m ask :o &   
:at ,i 04 ,%e repli$1 ,i mu/ be an      

,engli%man1 & did n und]/& ! ,italian = 
w9e4 ,%e !n left4  ,!y evid5tly want$ to
 be alone1 & my pres5ce 0 decid$ly      
disagreeable to !m2 & mutt]+ t ,i 0 an  
,engli%man1 !y proce$$ to try my p[]s z 
a l+ui/4 ,! c\ri] comm5c$ 9 ,italian1 ) 
a rem>k on ! wea!r4 ,i imm$iately h&$   
him ! ,newspap]4 ,i didn't speak        
,italian1 t 0 cle> to !m4  ,! gu>d n[   
/ruck 9 ) a rem>k 9 ,fr5* z to ! f95ess 
( ! neighbor+ c\ntry4 ,i %rugg$ my      
%\ld]s1 & produc$ my cig> case4 ,fr5* 0 
n v famili> to me1 evid5tly4  ,^? bea/s 
( ,engli% ?9k _! own tongue s f9e !y are
 too pr\d to le>n ano!r1 said ! gu>d4   
,i sat quietly1 sipp+ my w9e1 & read+4  
,well1 my de> ,mi*ael ,pultuski1 began !
 gu>d4  ,= ! love ( ,god1 call me by t  
"n4 ,my "n is ,alexis ,alexis ,dz5tzol1 
n[4  ,oh6 oh6 laugh$ ! gu>d2 y've *ang$ 
y\r "n1 y fox2 x's l y4 ,n[ ,i am ! same
 t y knew fifte5 ye>s ago1 ,conrad      
,f]rate--to-day1 ye/]day1 & = life1     
,conrad ,f]rate4 ,come1 lad1 tell u y\r 
/ory4 ,h[ did y get out ( t little      

affair at ,w>saw8 ,h[ !y c\ld h tru/$ y1
 ) y\r face1 ) _! secrets1 ,i c't = !   
life ( me tell2 y look s l a sly knave1 
don't y1 lad8  ,! c\ri]1 s f> f res5t+  
?is famili>ity1 smil$1 z if he _h be5   
prais$4  ,my /ory is soon said4 ,i f\nd1
 aft] my betrayal to ! police ( !       
secrets ( t little conspiracy :i* y & ,i
 jo9$1 t ,pol& 0 too hot = me1 & my "n  
too well kn[n4 ,i w5t to ,france1 :o    
values h] police1 & = a few ye>s 0      
useful to !m4 ,b x 0 dull "w2 v dull2   
native tal5t 0 m e/eem$4 ,i 0 to be s5t 
on a secret s]vice to ,w>saw2 ,i decl9$ 
= obvi\s reasons4  ,good6               
,mi*ael--,alexis2 good1 #bja ,alexis4   
,?is fox is n to be trapp$4 ,& he slapp$
 ! c\ri] on ! %\ld] he>tily4  ,&1 resum$
 ! o!r1 ,i resign$4 ,s9ce !n ,i h       
travell$ z c\ri] ) noble families1 & ,i 
tru/ ,i give satisfaction4  ,good6      
,alexis2 good ,mi*--good ,alexis6 ,to   
y\rself y give satisfaction4 ,y are a   
f9e rascal6--! pr9ce ( rascals6 ,s      
dec5t2 s quiet2 s l ! cure ( a conv5t4  

,:o w\ld believe t y _h sold ! lives (  
?irty m5 = a few hundr$ r\bles8  ,& :o1 
int]rupt$ ! c\ri]1 w\ld believe t y1    
bluff1 hone/ ,conrad ,f]rate1 _h run    
away ) all ! money ^? ?irty m5 _h       
collect$ dur+ t5 ye>s ( labor1 = rescu+ 
_! c\ntry f ! ,russian8  ,t 0 good1     
,alexis1 0 x n8 ,i nev] 0 s ri* 9 my    
life z !n2 ,i lov$--,i gam$--,i drank on
 ! patriots' money4  ,= h[ long8 ,?ree  
ye>s8  ,m--& n[ h none left4 ,ah6 ,times
 *ange1 ,alexis2 behold me4 ,& ! gu>d   
t\*$ 8 buttons & belt1 ! badges ( 8     
(fice4 ,nev] m9d--"h's my good fri5d1 ! 
bottle--let u embrace--! only fri5d t is
 always true--if he does n gladd51 he   
makes u to =get4  ,tell me1 my good     
,alexis1 :om d y rob n[8 ,:o pays = !   
be/1 & gets ! second be/8 ,^: money d y 
inve/1 eh6 my little fox8 ,:y are y "h8 
,come1 tell me1 :ile ,i dr9k to y\r     
success4  ,i h ! honor to s]ve 8        
,excell5cy ! ,c\nt ,spezzato4  ,t5 ?\s& 
devils6 ,my accurs$ c\s96 broke 9 !     
gu>d4 ,he :o has robb$ me f 8 bir?2 ^:  

bir? itself 0 a vile robb]y ( me--me1 8 
c\s91 *ild ( 8 fa!r's bro!r4 ,may he be 
accurs$ = ev]6  ,i took mo/ p>ticul>    
pa9s to appe> only amus$ at ?is g5u9e   
outbur/ ( passion1 = ,i saw ! wat*ful   
eye ( ! c\ri] 0 on me all ! "t !y 7     
talk+4  ,! gu>d drank (f a tumbl] (     
br&y4  ,t ma/] ( y\rs is ! man ( :om ,i 
spoke to y ye>s ago1 z ! "o :o _h ru9$  
me2 & y s]ve him6 ,may he be /rangl$ on 
8 w$d+ night1 & curs$ = ev]4  ,be calm1 
my de>e/ ,conrad1 calm y\rself2 t bea/ (
 an ,engli%man w ?9k y are drunk1 l "o (
 8 own sw9i% p1 if y talk s l\d z ?is4  
,h[ c ,i help x8 ,i mu/ talk4 ,:at he   
is1 t ,i ought to be3 ,i 0 br\ght up to 
x till ,i 0 eighte52 0 ! heir to all 8  
va/ e/ate2 !re 0 b "o life betwe5 me &  
p[]--my uncle's--& he1 at fifty1 m>ri$ a
 girl1 & _h ?is son1 ?is son ( p]dition1
 my c\s94 ,& aft] t1 ,i1 :o _h be5 !    
pride ( my family1 became ( no acc\nt2 x
 0 ',julian' sweet ,julian6'  ,i he>d1  
said ! c\ri]1 t "s "o attempt$ to       
/rangle ! sweet *ild1 t 0----8  ,me--y  

fox--me4 ,i wi% ,i _h done x2 b = t     
wret*$ dog t worri$ me1 ,i %\ld h be5   
,c\nt ,spezzato n[4 ,i kill$ t dog1     
kill$ him1 no n sudd5ly2 may 8 ma/] die 
l him6  ,& y left aft] t little affair8 
,oh yes6 ,i left & became :at y "k me4  
,a clev] man1 my de> ,conrad4 ,i "k no  
man :o is m clev] ) ! ace ?an y\rself1  
&1 z to bully+ to cov] a mi/ake1 y are  
an emp]or at t4 ,is x n s1 ,conrad8     
,come1 dr9k good heal? to my ma/]1 y\r  
c\s94  ,y mis]able vip]1 ,i'll cru% y if
 y ask me to d t aga94 ,i'll dr9k--"h1  
give me ! glass--,"h's to ,c\nt         
,spezzato3 ,may he die l a dog6 ,may 8  
c>case br+ ! birds & ! wolves toge!r6   
,may 8 "n be curs$ & hat$ :ile ! sun    
la/s6 ,& may purgatory keep him till ,i 
pray = 8 release6  #bjb  ,! man's       
passion 0 some?+ frightful to see1 & ,i 
0 m ?an half incl9$ to leave ! place2 b 
some?+1 p]haps a di/ant murmur ( ! ris+ 
tide1 compell$ me to /ay4 ,i pret5d$    
sleep1 all[+ my head to s9k1 d[n ^u !   
table4  ,he sat /ill = a few mom5ts1 &  

!n comm5c$ walk+ ab\t ! room1 & abruptly
 ask$3  ,:at br\ght y "h1 ,alexis8  ,my 
ma/]'s horse1 ,signor ,conrad4  ,good1  
my little fox2 b :y did y come on y\r   
ma/]'s horse8  ,because my ma/] wi%es to
 rea* ,leghorn to-night1 to meet 8      
bride1 ,conrad4  ,!n 8 is ! special tra9
 ord]$ at n9e1 t ,i am to g )8 exclaim$ 
! gu>d eag]ly4  ,t is s1 g5tle ,conrad2 
& n[1 hav+ told y all1 let me pay our   
ho/ess & g4  ,pay6 ,no "o pays = me1    
little fox2 no1 no1 g2 ,i w pay4  ,!    
c\ri] took 8 dep>ture1 & ! gu>d kept    
walk+ up & d[n ! room1 mutt]+ to        
himself3  ,to-night1 x might be         
to-night4 ,if he goes to ,leghorn1 he   
meets 8 future wife2 ano!r life1 &      
p]haps a doz54 ,no1 x mu/ be to-night or
 nev]4 ,does 8 "m g8 ,fool t ,i am n to 
ask6 ,yes2 x %all be to-night2 & he left
 ! room4  ,:at %\ld be to-night8 ,"s f\l
 play ( :i* ! c\nt w\ld be ! victim1 no 
d\bt4 ,b h[8 :58 ,t mu/ be solv$4 ,to   
foll[ him1 or to wait--:i*8 ,to wait4 ,x
 is always be/ to wait2 ,i _h le>n$ ?is 

lesson already4  ,i wait$4 ,x 0 n[ r m  
?an half-pa/ eight1 & ,i _h ris5 to g to
 ! door :5 ,i saw ! gu>d return+ to !   
w9e-%op ) a man ^: dress indicat$ !     
/ok]4  ,come 91 ,guido2 come 91 said !  
gu>d2 & dr9k ) me4  ,! man came 91 & ,i 
0 aga9 absorb$ 9 my book4  ,!y seat$    
!mselves at ! same table z be=e1 & drank
 sil5tly = a :ile2 pres5tly ! gu>d began
 a conv]sation 9 "s patois ,i c\ld n    
und]/&2 b ,i c\ld see ! /ok] gr[ m & m  
int]e/$ z ! "n ( ,beatrix occurr$ m     
frequ5tly4  ,z ! talk w5t on1 ! /ok]    
seem$ press+ ! gu>d on "s "p ( ! /ory ) 
a mo/ v9dictive eag]ness1 repeat$ly     
ask+1 ,8 "n8 ,! accurs$6 ,8 "n8  ,at la/
 ! gu>d answ]$1 ,! ,c\nt ,spezzato4  ,! 
,c\nt ,spezzato6 said ! /ok]1 n[ leav+ !
 table1 & speak+ 9 ,italian4  ,yes1 good
 ,guido2 ! man :o w travel 9 ! tra9 we  
take to-night to ,leghorn4  ,he %all    
die6 ,! accurs$6 ,he %all die to-night6 
said ! /ok]4 ,if ,i lose my life1 !     
betray] ( my si/] %all die6  ,! gu>d1   
return+ to ! unkn[n tongue1 seem$ to be 

endeavor+ to calm him2 & ,i c\ld only   
cat* a repetition ( ! ^w ,empoli at     
int]vals4 ,pres5tly ! /ok] took f !     
seats beside him two t9 bottles1 su* z y
 may see 9 ! h&s ( me*anics :o d9e out2 
& ,i c\ld see t "o ( !m _h rudely       
scrat*$ on x ! "n ,william ,atk9son4 ,i 
fanci$ ! gu>d produc$ f 8 pocket a      
phial1 & p\r$ ! cont5ts into t bottle2 b
 ! action 0 s rapid1 & ! corn] s d>k1 t 
,i c\ld n be positive2 !n ris+1 !y /opp$
 at ! c\nt]1 _h bo? bottles fill$ )     
br&y1 & w5t out4  ,x 0 n[ "t to get to !
 /ation2 &1 hav+ paid my mode/ score1 ,i
 w5t out4  ,a little 9 front ( me1 by ! 
light f a small w9d[1 ,i saw ^! two     
cross !mselves1 grip ea* o!r's h&s      
across "r to "r1 left to left1 & "p4  ,!
 /ok] _h set d[n ! bottles1 & n[ tak+ !m
 up foll[$ ! gu>d at a sl[] pace4  #bjc 
,arriv$ at ! /ation1 ,i f\nd ! c\nt1 8  
"m1 a female s]vant1 & ! c\ri]4  ,! c\nt
 came up to me1 & said1 9 brok5 ,engli%1
 ,y are ! ,engli% to g to ,leghorn ) me8
 ,v well1 !re is room4 ,i l ! ,engli%4  

,y %all pay no?+1 because ,i d n sell   
tickets2 y %all g free4 ,is t s8  ,i    
?ank$ him 9 ! be/ ,italian ,i c\ld mu/]4
  ,d n speak y\r ,italian to me2 ,i     
speak ! ,engli% z a native2 ,i c "k all 
y %all say to me 9 y\r own tongue4 ,see1
 "h is ! tra9 special1 z y call x4      
,ent]1 z x %all please y4  ,! tra9 drew 
up to ! plat=m2 & ,i saw t ! /ok] 0 at 8
 po/1 & t ! eng9e-driv] 0 an ,engli%man4
  ,i endeavor$ 9 va9 to draw 8 att5tion 
to w>n him1 & 0 compell$ to take my     
seat1 :i* ,i did 9 ! comp>tm5t next !   
gu>d's break--! tra9 consi/+ ( only t   
c>riage & ano!r1 9 :i* 7 ! c\nt1 8 "m1 &
 ! s]vant4  ,! gu>d pass$ along ! tra91 
lock$ ! doors1 & ent]$ 8 box4  ,!       
,flor5ce goods is beh9d y1 & ! ,si5na   
goods is due at ,empoli ,junction f\r   
m9utes be=e y2 m9d y don't run into x1  
said ! /ation-ma/]1 ) a laugh4  ,no fe>2
 we %all n run into x1 said ! gu>d1 ) a 
m>k$ emphasis on ! we & x t ,i recall$  
aft]w>d4  ,! :i/le s\nd$1 & we 7 (f4 ,x 
0 a drizzl+ d>k night2 & ,i lay d[n full

 l5g? on ! seat to sleep4  ,z ,i lay d[n
 a gleam ( light %ot across ! c>riage f 
a small *9k 9 ! wood-"w ( ! p>tition    
betwe5 ! comp>tm5t ,i 0 9 & ! gu>d's    
box4  ,i 0 t]ribly anxi\s = ! mann] ( ! 
gu>d2 & ?is seem$ to be a means ( he>+  
some?+ m4 ,i lay d[n & li/5$ att5tively4
  ,h[ mu* w y give = y\r life1 my little
 fox8 said ! gu>d4  ,to-day1 v little2  
:5 ,i am sixty1 all ,i h1 ,conrad4  ,b y
 might give some?+ = x1 to-night1 sweet 
,alexis1 if y knew x 0 9 dang]8  ,i h no
 fe>2 ,conrad ,f]rate has too (t5       
conduct$ a tra9 = me to fe> to-night4   
,true1 my good ,alexis2 b ?is is ! la/  
tra9 he w ride ) z gu>d1 = to-morr[ he w
 be ! ,c\nt ,spezzato4  ,h[8 ,to-morr[8 
,y joke1 ,conrad4 ,! br&y 0 /rong2 b y  
:o h drunk s mu* c\ld h>dly feel t4  ,i 
nei!r joke1 nor am ,i drunk2 yet ,i %all
 be ,c\nt ,spezzato to-morr[1 good      
,alexis4 ,look y1 my g5tle fox1 my sweet
 fox2 if y d n buy y\r life ( me1 y %all
 die tonight4 ,t is simple1 sweet fox4  
,ay2 b1 ,conrad1 ,i am n 9 dang]4  ,nay1

 ,alexis2 see1 "h is ! door 7,i he>d him
 turn ! h&le74 ,if y lean aga9/ ! door1 
y w fall out & be kill$4 ,is x n simple8
  ,b1 good ,conrad1 ,i %all n lean aga9/
 ! door4  ,oh1 my sweet fox1 my cunn+   
fox1 my timid fox1 b n my /rong fox2 y w
 lean aga9/ ! door4 ,i "k y w1 unless ,i
 prev5t y2 & ,i w n prev5t y1 unless y  
give me all y h 9 t bag4  ,! mock+ tone 
( ! gu>d seem$ well und]/ood1 = ,i he>d 
! click ( gold4  ,good1 my ,alexis2 x is
 good2 b x is v little = a life4 ,come1 
:at is y\r life wor?1 t y buy x ) only  
y\r ma/]'s money8 x has co/ y no?+4 ,i  
see y w lean aga9/ t door1 :i* is s     
fooli%4  ,:at1 9 ! "n ( all ! devils 9  
hell1 w y h8 said ! trembl+ voice ( !   
c\ri]4 ,only a little m2 j t belt #bjd t
 is "u y\r %irt1 "u ev]y?+1 next to y\r 
sk91 & de>] to y2 only a little s(t     
lea!r belt ) p\*es 94 ,is n life wor? a 
lea!r belt8  ,wret*6 ,all ! e>n+s ( my  
life are 9 t belt1 & y "k x4  ,is x     
possible1 sweet fox1 t ,i h f\nd y\r    
ne/8 ,i %all give ,m>ie a necklace (    

diamonds1 !n4 ,:y d y wait8 ,:y %\ld y  
fall f a tra91 & make a piece ( news = !
 pap]s8 ,:y8  ,take x2 & be accurs$ 9   
y\r life & dea?6 & ,i he>d ! belt flung 
on ! floor ( ! c>riage4  ,n[1 good      
,alexis1 ,i am 9 funds2 !re are ?ree    
pieces ( gold = y2 y w ne$ !m at        
,leghorn4 ,w y dr9k8 ,no8 ,!n ,i w tell 
y :y1 )\t dr9k4 ,d y "k :]e we are8     
,yes2 betwe5 ,/4 ,dom9ico & ,signa4  ,& 
d y "k :]e we are go+8  ,yes2 to        
,leghorn4  ,no1 sweet ,alexis1 we are n2
 we are go+ to ,empoli3 ! tra9 w g no   
fur!r4 ,look y1 little fox2 we %all     
arrive at ! junction "o m9ute be=e !    
,si5na goods tra91 & !re ! eng9e w break
 d[n j :]e ! rails cross2 = two bl[s ( a
 hamm] w conv]t an eng9e into a log2 ,i 
%all get out to exam9e x2 t w take a    
little "t2 ,i %all expla9 to ! c\nt !   
nature ( ! injury2 t w take a little "t2
 & !n ! goods tra9 w h arriv$2 & z x    
does n /op !re1 ?is tra9 w g no fur!r   
?an ,empoli1 & ,i %all be ,c\nt         
,spezzato to-morr[4 ,h[ d y l my s*eme1 

little fox8 ,is x n wor?y ( y\r pupil8  
,oh1 x w be a beautiful accid5t2 x w    
fill ! pap]s4 ,t bea/ ( an ,engli% :o   
begg$ 8 place 9 ! tra9 w be =tunate2 he 
w cease1 = goods tra9s are heavy4 ,eh6 b
 x's a gr& s*eme-- ! son1 ! "m1 !       
s]vant1 ! /rang]1 ! eng9e-driv]1 all    
%all tell no tales4  ,& ! /ok]8 said !  
c\ri]4  ,oh1 y & he & ,i %all escape4   
,we %all be po9t$ at 9 ! /reet z !      
=tunate4 ,x is good1 is x n1 ,alexis1 my
 fox8 ,i h told him t ! c\nt is ! man :o
 betray$ 8 si/]4 ,he believes x1 & is my
 creature4 ,b1 little fox1 x 0 n my     
c\s91 x 0 myself1 t took 8 ,beatrix f h]
 home4 ,is x n good1 ,alexis8 ,is x n   
g5ius8 ,& ,atk9son--he1 ! driv]--is n[  
/upid3 he has drunk f 8 c ! poppy juice 
t w make him sleep = ev]4 ,i w be a     
politician4 ,i am wor?y ( (fice4 ,i w   
become ! ,m9i/] ( a ,b\rbon :5 ,i am    
c\nt1 my de> fox1 & y %all be my comrade
 aga91 z ( old4  ,i 01 = a "t1 lo/ to e 
s5sation save t ( he>+4 ,! fi5di%       
g>rulity ( ! man _h all ! fasc9ation ( !

 s]p5t's rattle4 ,i felt helplessly     
resign$ to a c]ta9 fate4  ,i 0 ar\s$ by 
some?+ :ite sl[ly pass+ ! clos$ w9d[ ( !
 c>riage4 ,i wait$ a little1 !n g5tly   
op5$ x & look$ out4 ,! /ok] 0 crawl+    
along ! foot-bo>d ( ! next c>riage1     
hold+ on by its h&les1 s z n to be se5  
by ! occupants1 & hold+ ! signal lant]n 
t ,i _h notic$ at ! back ( ! la/ c>riage
 9 8 h&4 ,! mean+ ( x /ruck me 9 a      
mom5t3 if by any *ance we miss$ ! goods 
tra9 f ,si5na1 we %\ld be run into f    
beh9d by ! tra9 f ,flor5ce4  ,! cold air
 t blew 9 at ! op5 w9d[ refre%$ me1 & ,i
 c\ld ?9k :at 0 to be done4 ,! tra9 0   
increas+ its pace rapidly4 ,evid5tly !  
/ok]1 9 sole *>ge1 0 /riv+ to rea*      
,empoli be=e ! o!r tra91 :i* we %\ld    
foll[1 0 due3 he _h to make five m9utes 
9 a j\rney ( =ty-five1 &1 at ! rate we 7
 go+1 we %\ld d x4 ,we /opp$ n[h]e1 & ! 
j\rney 0 m ?an half ov]4 ,we 7 n[ betwe5
 ,segua & #bje ,montelupo2 ano!r tw5ty  
m9utes & ,i %\ld be a bruis$ corpse4    
,some?+ mu/ be done4  ,i decid$ soon4   

,unfa/5+ my bag1 ,i took out my revolv]1
 )\t :i* ,i nev] travel1 & look+        
c>efully to ! load+ & capp+1 fa/5$ x to 
my wai/ ) a h&k]*ief4 ,i !n cut ) my    
knife ! b> across ! middle ( ! w9d[1 &  
c>efully look$ out4 ,i c\ld see no?+2 ! 
ra9 0 fall+ fa/1 & ! night z d>k z ev]4 
,i cauti\sly put out fir/ "o leg & !n ! 
o!r1 keep+ my knees & toes close to !   
door1 & l[]$ myself till ,i felt ! /ep4 
,i walk$ c>efully along ! foot-bo>d by  
side /eps1 hold+ on to ! h&les ( !      
doors1 till ,i came to ! end ( !        
c>riages1 & 0 next ! t5d]4 ,"h 0 a gulf 
t seem$ impassable4 ,! /ok] mu/ h pass$ 
ov] x2 :y n ,i8 ,m\nt+ f ! foot-bo>d on 
to ! buff]1 & hold+ on to ! iron hook on
 :i* ! lamps are hung1 ,i /ret*$ my legs
 to rea* ! flat "p ( ! buff] on ! t5d]4 
,my legs swung ab\t ) ! vibration1 &    
t\*$ no?+4 ,i mu/ spr+4 ,i _h to hold ) 
bo? h&s beh9d my back1 & /ood on ! case 
( ! buff]-spr+1 &1 sudd5ly leav+ g1     
leap$ =w>d1 /ruck viol5tly aga9/ ! edge 
( ! t5d]1 & grasp$ "s ( ! loose lumps ( 

coal on ! top4 ,ano!r /ruggle br\ght me 
on my knees1 bruis$ & ble$+1 on ! top4  
,i /ood up1 & at t mom5t ! /ok] op5$ !  
door ( ! furnace1 & turn$ t[>d me1 %ovel
 9 h&1 to put 9 ! coals4 ,! bright r$   
light f ! fire enabl$ him to see me1    
:ile x bl9d$ me4 ,he ru%$ at me1 & !n   
began a /ruggle t ,i %all rememb] to my 
dy+ day4  ,he grasp$ me r\nd ! ?roat )  
"o arm1 dragg+ me close to 8 brea/1 & ) 
! o!r kept %ort5+ ! %ovel = an effective
 bl[4 ,my h&s1 numb$ & bruis$1 7 almo/  
useless to me1 & = "s seconds we reel$  
to & fro on ! foot-plate 9 ! bl9d+ gl>e4
 ,at la/ he got me aga9/ ! front ( !    
eng9e1 &1 ) horrible +5uity1 press$ me  
aga9/ x till ! l[] "p ( my clo!s 7 burnt
 to a c9d]4 ,! heat1 h[ev]1 re/or$ my   
h&s1 & at la/ ,i manag$ to pu% him f>   
en\gh f my body to loos5 my pi/ol4 ,i   
did n want to kill him1 b ,i c\ld n be v
 c>eful1 & ,i fir$ at 8 %\ld] f ! back4 
,he dropp$ ! %ovel1 ! arm t _h ne>ly    
?rottl$ me relax$1 & he fell4 ,i pu%$   
him into a corn] ( ! t5d]1 & sat d[n to 

recov] myself4  ,my object 0 to get to  
,empoli be=e ! ,si5na goods tra91 = ,i  
knew no?+ ( :at might be beh9d me4 ,x 0 
too late to /op1 b ,i might1 by %ort5+ !
 j\rney sev5 m9utes in/ead ( five1 get  
to ,empoli ?ree m9utes be=e ! goods tra9
 0 due4  ,i _h nev] be5 on an eng9e be=e
 9 my life1 b ,i knew t !re mu/ be a    
valve some:]e t let ! /eam f ! boil]    
into ! cyl9d]s1 & t1 be+ important1 x   
w\ld be 9 a conspicu\s position4 ,i     
!re=e turn$ ! l>ge h&le 9 front ( me1 & 
_h ! satisfaction ( f9d+ ! spe$ rapidly 
increas$1 & at ! same "t felt ! gu>d    
putt+ on ! break to ret>d ! tra94 ,spite
 ( ?is1 9 t5 m9utes ,i c\ld see "s dim  
lights2 ,i c\ld n tell :]e1 & ,i /ill   
press$ on fa/] & fa/]4  ,9 va91 betwe5 !
 int]vals ( putt+ on coals1 did ,i try  
to ar\se ! sleep+ driv]4 ,!re ,i 01 )   
two app>5tly dead bodies1 on !          
foot-plate ( an eng9e1 go+ at ! rate (  
=ty miles an h\r1 or m1 amid/ a ?und]+  
noise & vibration t ne>ly madd5$ me4    
,at la/ we rea*$ ! lights1 & ,i saw1 z  

,i da%$ by1 t we _h pass$ ! dread po9t4 
,z ,i turn$ back1 ,i c\ld see !         
rapidly-dropp+ c9d]s f ! tra9 :i*1 _h ! 
gu>d's break be5 suffici5tly p[]ful to h
 made me #bjf ?irty seconds lat]1 w\ld h
 utt]ly de/roy$ me4  ,i 0 /ill 9 a      
difficult position4 ,!re 0 ! tra9 half a
 m9ute beh9d u1 :i*1 _h we kept our "t1 
w\ld h be5 f\r m9utes 9 front ( u4 ,x   
came on to ! same rails1 & ,i c\ld he>  
its dull rumble ru%+ on t[>d u fa/4 ,if 
,i /opp$ !re 0 no light to w>n !m4 ,i   
mu/ g on1 = ! ,si5na tra9 did n /op at  
,empoli4  ,i put on m fuel1 & aft] "s   
slight scald+1 f turn+ on ! wrong taps1 
_h ! pleasure ( see+ ! wat]-gauge fill+ 
up4 ,/ill ,i c\ld n g on long2 ! risk 0 
awful4 ,i tri$ 9 va9 to write on a leaf 
( my note-book1 & aft] se>*+ 9 !        
tool-box1 wrote on ! iron lid ( ! tank )
 a piece ( *alk1 ,/op ev]y?+ beh9d me4  
,! tra9 w n be /opp$ till ?ree r$ lights
 are rang$ 9 a l9e on ! gr\nd4          
,telegraph =w>d4 ,& !n1 z we flew ?r\gh 
! ,empoli /ation1 ,i ?rew x on ! plat=m4

 ,on we w5t2 ! same dull ?und] beh9d    
w>n+ me t ,i d>e n /op4  ,we pass$ ?r\gh
 ano!r /ation at full spe$1 & at l5g? ,i
 saw ! :ite lights ( ano!r /ation 9 !   
di/ance4 ,! s\nd beh9d _h almo/ ceas$1 &
 9 a few mom5ts m ,i saw ! l9e ( ?ree r$
 lamps l[ d[n on ! gr\nd4 ,i pull$ back 
! h&le1 & aft] an ineffectual ef=t to   
pull up at ! /ation1 br\ght up ! tra9   
ab\t a hundr$ y>ds beyond ,pont$]a4  ,! 
port]s & police ( ! /ation came up & put
 ! tra9 back1 & !n came ! explanation4  
,! gu>d _h be5 f\nd dead on ! rails1 j  
beyond ,empoli1 & ! telegraph set to "w 
to /op ! tra94 ,he mu/ h f\nd out !     
failure ( 8 s*eme1 & 9 try+ to rea* !   
eng9e1 h fall5 on ! rails4  ,! driv] 0  
only /upefi$1 & ! /ok] =tunately only   
dang]\sly1 n fatally1 w\nd$4  ,ano!r    
driv] 0 f\nd1 & ! tra9 0 to g on4  ,!   
c\nt _h li/5$ mo/ att5tively to my      
/atem5ts1 & !n1 tak+ my grim$ h& 9 81 l$
 me to 8 "m4  ,madam1 my "m1 y h f ?is  
day "o o!r son3 ?is1 my "m1 is my bro!r4
  ,! c\ntess lit]ally fell on my neck1 &

 kiss$ me 9 ! sight ( !m all2 & speak+ 9
 ,italian said--  ,julian1 he is my son2
 he has sav$ my life2 & m1 he has sav$  
y\r life4 ,my son1 ,i w n say mu*2 :at  
is y\r "n8  ,guy ,we/wood4  ,guy1 my    
*ild1 my son1 ,i am y\r "m2 y %all love 
me4  ,yes1 my "m2 he is my bro!r1 ,i am 
84 ,he is ,engli% too2 ,i l ,engli%4 ,he
 has done well4 ,blan*e %all be 8 si/]4 
,dur+ ! :ole ( ?is "t bo? "m & son 7    
embrac+ me & kiss+ my *eeks1 aft] !     
impulsive mann] ( _! passionate natures1
 ! indulg5ce ( :i* appe>s s /range to   
our cold blood4  ,! tra9 0 delay$1 = my 
w\nds & bruises to be dress$1 & ,i !n   
ent]$ _! c>riage & w5t to ,leghorn ) !m4
  ,arriv$ !re1 ,i 0 ab\t to say         
,f>ewell4  ,:at is f>ewell1 n[8 ,no2 y  
mu/ see ,blan*e1 y\r si/]4 ,y w sleep to
 my hotel3 ,i %all n let y g4 ,:o is %e 
t 9 y\r great book says1 ',:]e y g1 ,i w
 g8' ,t is my _s4 ,y mu/ n leave me     
till--till y are z happy z ,i am4  ,he  
kept me1 introduc$ me to ,blan*e1 &     
p]suad$ me to write = leave to /ay ano!r

 two mon?s1 :5 he w\ld return to ,engl& 
) me4 ,little by little he made me talk 
ab\t ,alice1 till he knew all my /ory4  
,ah6 t is x2 y %all be unhappy because y
 want ,l#ejj e ye>1 & ,i h s mu* z t4 ,i
 am a patriot to get rid ( my money4 ,s 
x is t y w n take money4 ,y h sav$ my   
life1 & y w #bjg n take money2 b ,i %all
 make y take money1 my fri5d1 ,engli%   
,guy2 y %all h z ?us4 ,& he h&$ me my   
appo9tm5t z secret>y to "o ( ! l>ge/    
railways 9 ,italy4 ,n[ y %all take      
money2 n[ y w n g to y\r fogl& to "w l a
 slave2 y %all take ! money4 ,t is n    
all4 ,i am "o ( ! practice patriots--no1
 ! practical patriots--( ,italy4 ,!y    
come to me ) _! conspiracies to jo91 _! 
secret societies to adh]e to1 b ,i d n4 
,i am director ( ev] s _m railways2 ,i  
make fre% directions e day4 ,i say to ^?
 :o talk to me ( politics1 ',h[ _m %>es 
w y take 9 ?is or 9 t8' ,i am pr9t] (   
books2 ,i am build] ( museums2 ,i h     
great %>e 9 docks1 & ,i say to ^!1 ',x  
is ?is t ,i am do+ t is want$4' ,?is is 

n conspiracy2 x is n plot2 x is n       
society ) ribbons2 b x is :at ,italy1 my
 c\ntry1 wants4 ,i gr[ poor2 ,italy gr[s
 ri*4 ,i am n wise 9 ^! ?+s2 !y *eat me1
 because ,i am an en?usia/4 ,n[1 ,guy1  
my bro!r1 y are wise2 y are deep2 long 9
 ! head2 9 %ort1 y are ,engli%6 ,y %all 
be my gu>dian 9 ^! ?+s--y %all save me f
 ! *eat1 & y %all "w h>d z y l = all !  
money y %all take ( me4 ,come1 my ,guy1 
is x s8  ,ne$ ,i say t x 0 s8 ,! c\nt & 
8 ,blan*e made _! honeymoon t\r 9       
,engl&4 ,!y sp5t ,*ri/mas day ) ,alice &
 myself at ,mr4 ,morton's1 & :5 !y left1
 ,alice & ,i left ) !m1 = our new home 9
 ,flor5ce4  ------  ,f ,! ,cornhill     
,magaz9e4  ,,! ,,w9ds4     ,o wild rav+ 
we/ w9ds4444   ,oh6 :]e d ye rise f1 &  
:]e d ye die8   ,! "q :i* is put 9 ^!   
l9es is "o :i* has pos$ ! +5uity ( all  
:o h ev] ?\ght on x2 & ?\gh !ories h    
repeat$ly be5 prop\nd$ to answ] x1 yet  
"o & all fail1 & we aga9 recur to !     
words ( him :o knew all ?+s & said1 ,!  
w9d bl[e? :]e x li/e?1 & ?\ he>e/ ! s\nd

 !re(1 b can/ n tell :5ce x come? or    
:i!r x goe?4  ,h[ev]1 ?\gh we _c assign 
exactly ! s\rce :5ce ! w9ds rise or !   
goal to :i* !y t5d1 ! labors (          
meteorologi/s h be5 s f> successful z to
 enable u to und]/& ! causes ( ! great  
curr5ts ( air1 & ev5 to map out ! w9ds  
:i* prevail at diff]5t seasons 9 ! v>i\s
 qu>t]s ( ! globe4 ,! problem :i* has   
?us be5 solv$ is "o va/ly m simple ?an t
 ( say+ :y ! w9d *anges on any p>ticul> 
day1 or at :at spot on ! e>?'s surface a
 p>ticul> curr5t beg9s or ends4 ,7 ^!   
que/ions solv$1 !re w\ld be an end to   
all unc]ta9ty ab\t wea!r4 ,!re ne$ be no
 fe> t ! f>m] w\ld lose 8 crops ow+ to !
 *ange ( wea!r1 if ! adv5t ( e %[] _h   
be5 =etold by an un]r+ guide1 & !       
precise day ( ! break 9 ! wea!r pr$ict$ 
weeks & mon?s be=e4 ,?is is ! po9t on   
:i* wea!r-prophets--'a/ro-meteorologi/s'
 !y call !mselves n[-a-days--/ill v5ture
 _! pr$ictions1 undismay$ by _! report$ 
& gl>+ failures4 #bjh ,x has be5 well   
rem>k$ t n "o ( ^! prophets =etold ! dry

 wea!r :i* la/$ = s _m weeks dur+ ! la/ 
summ]2 yet1 ev5 at ! pres5t day1 !re are
 p :o look to ! almanacs to see :at     
wea!r is to be expect$ at a giv5 date2 &
 ev5 ! prophecies ( ,old ,moore f9d1 or 
us$ to f9d )9 a v few ye>s1 an ample    
cr$5ce4 ,9 fact1 if we are to believe ! 
op9ions prop\nd$ by ! positive          
philosoph]s ( ! pres5t day1 we mu/ admit
 t x is absurd to place any limits on ! 
possibility ( pr$ict+ natural ph5om5a1  
inasmu* z all op]ations ( nature obey   
fix$ & unalt]able laws1 :i* are all     
discov]able by ! unaid$ m9d ( man4      
,true sci5ce1 we may v5ture to say1 is m
 mode/ ?an ^! g5tlem5 w\ld h u to ?9k x2
 & ?\gh 9 ! p>ticul> bran* ( k ( :i* we 
are n[ treat+ daily prophecies 7or      
'=eca/s1' z ,admiral ,fitzroy is c>eful 
to call !m7 ( wea!r appe> 9 ! newspap]s1
 yet ^! are n ann\nc$ dogmatically1 & no
 attempt is made 9 !m to =etell wea!r = 
m ?an =ty-eight h\rs 9 advance4 ,we are 
n go+ to discuss ! "q ( /orms &         
/orm-signals at pres5t1 s we %all proce$

 to ! subject 9 h&--! ord9>y w9d-curr5ts
 ( ! e>?2 & 9 speak+ ( ^! %all conf9e   
ourselves z f> z possible to well-kn[n &
 record$ facts1 br++ 9 ea* case ! be/   
evid5ce :i* we c adduce to support !    
!ories :i* may be broa*$4  ,:at1 !n1 our
 read]s w ask1 is ! cause ( ! w9ds8 ,!  
simple answ] is--! sun4 ,let u see1 n[1 
h[ ?is indefatigable ag5t1 :o appe>s to 
d almo/ ev]y?+ on ! surface ( ! e>?1 f  
pa9t+ pictures to driv+ /eam-eng9es1 z  
,george ,/eph5son us$ to ma9ta9 t he    
did1 is able to raise ! w9d4  ,if y     
light a fire 9 a room1 & aft]w>d /op up 
e *9k by :i* air c ga9 access to ! fire1
 except ! *imney1 ! fire w g out 9 a    
%ort "t4 ,aga91 if a lamp is burn+ on ! 
table1 & y /op up ! *imney at ! top1 !  
lamp w g out at once4 ,! reason ( ?is is
 t ! flame1 9 ea* case1 attracts ! air1 
& if ei!r ! supply ( air is cut (f bel[1
 or its escape above is *eck$1 ! flame  
_c g on burn+4 ,?is explanation1 h[ev]1 
does n be> to be pu%$ too f>4 ,! reason 
t ! fire goes out if ! supply ( air is  

cut (f is1 t ! flame1 s to speak1 fe$s  
on air2 :ile ! sun _c be said1 9 any    
s5se1 to be dep5d5t on ! e>?'s atmosph]e
 = ! fuel = 8 fire4 ,we h *os5 !        
illu/ration ( ! flame1 because ! facts  
are s well kn[n4 ,if1 in/ead ( a lamp 9 
! middle ( a room1 we 7 to hang up a    
l>ge mass ( iron1 heat$1 we %\ld f9d t  
curr5ts ( air set 9 f all sides1 rose up
 above x1 & spread out :5 !y rea*$ !    
ceil+1 desc5d+ aga9 along ! walls4 ,!   
exi/5ce ( ^! curr5ts may be easily prov$
 by spr9kl+ a h&ful ( f9e *aff ab\t 9 ! 
room4 ,:at is ! reason ( ! circulation  
?us produc$8 ,! iron1 unless x be       
extremely hot1 z x is :5 melt$ by ,mr4  
,bessem]'s process1 does n require ! air
 9 ord] to keep up its heat2 &1 9 fact1 
! con/ant supply ( fre% air cools x1 z !
 metal gives away its own heat to ! air 
z fa/ z ! p>ticles ( ! latt] come 9     
contact ) x4 ,:y1 !n1 d ! curr5ts arise8
 ,because ! air1 :5 heat$1 exp&s or gets
 light]1 & rises1 leav+ an empty space1 
or vacuum1 :]e x 0 be=e4 ,!n ! surr\nd+ 

cold air1 be+ ela/ic1 =ces itself into !
 op5 space1 & gets heat$ 9 its turn4  ,f
 ?is we c see t !re w be a con/ant      
t5d5cy 9 ! air to fl[ t[>d t po9t on !  
e>?'s surface :]e ! temp]ature is       
highe/--or1 all o!r ?+s be+ equal1 to t 
po9t :]e ! sun may be at t mom5t 9 !    
z5i?4 ,accord+ly1 if ! e>?'s surface 7  
ei!r #bji entirely dry l&1 or entirely  
wat]1 & ! sun 7 cont9ually 9 ! plane ( !
 equator1 we %\ld expect to f9d !       
direction ( ! great w9d-curr5ts p]man5t 
& un*ang$ ?r\gh\t ! ye>4 ,! true /ate ( 
! case is1 h[ev]1 t ^! conditions are v 
f> f be+ fulfill$4 ,e "o kn[s t ! sun is
 n always imm$iately ov] ! equator1 b t 
he is at ! tropic ( ,canc] 9 ,june1 & at
 ! tropic ( ,capricorn 9 ,decemb]1 pass+
 ! equator twice e ye> at ! equ9oxes4   
,"h1 !n1 we h "o cause :i* di/urbs !    
regul> fl[ ( ! w9d-curr5ts4 ,! effect ( 
?is is mat]ially increas$ by ! extremely
 arbitr>y way 9 :i* ! dry l& has be5    
di/ribut$ ov] ! globe4 ,! nor!rn        
hemisph]e conta9s ! :ole ( ,europe1     

,asia1 & ,nor? ,am]ica1 ! great] "p (   
,africa1 & a portion ( ,s\? ,am]ica2    
:ile 9 ! s\!rn hemisph]e we only f9d !  
rema9+ portions ( ! two la/-nam$        
cont95ts1 ) ,au/ralia & "s ( ! l>ge     
isl&s 9 its vic9ity4 ,accord+ly1 dur+   
our summ] !re is a mu* great] area ( dry
 l& expos$ to ! ne>ly v]tical rays ( !  
sun ?an is ! case dur+ our w9t]4  ,let u
 see = a mom5t h[ ?is cause acts 9      
modify+ ! direction ( ! w9d-curr5ts4 ,we
 %all f9d x easi] to make ?is           
intelligible if we take an illu/ration f
 obs]v$ facts4 ,x takes ab\t five times 
z mu* heat to raise a ton weight ( wat] 
?r\gh a c]ta9 range ( temp]ature1 z x   
does to produce ! same effect 9 ! case (
 a ton ( rock4 ,aga91 ! t5d5cy ( a      
surface ( dry l& to give out heat1 &    
consequ5tly to w>m ! air above x1 &     
cause x to rise1 is v mu* great] ?an t (
 a surface ( wat] ( equal area4 ,h5ce we
 c at once see ! cause ( ! local w9ds   
:i* are felt e day 9 calm wea!r 9 isl&s 
situat$ 9 hot climates4 ,dur+ ! day !   

isl& becomes v hot1 & ?us :at ! ,fr5*   
call a c\rant asc5dant is set 9         
op]ation4 ,! air above ! l& gets hot &  
rises1 :ile ! cold] air :i* is on ! sea 
all r\nd x fl[s 9 to fill its place1 &  
is felt z a cool sea-breeze4 ,dur+ !    
night ^! conditions are exactly rev]s$3 
! l& c no long] get any heat f ! sun1 z 
he has set1 :ile x is /ill ne>ly z      
lib]al 9 p>t+ ) its acquir$ heat z x 0  
be=e4 ,accord+ly1 x soon becomes cool]  
?an ! sea 9 its neighborhood2 & ! air1  
in/ead ( ris+ up ov] x1 s9ks d[n ^u x1 &
 fl[s out to sea1 produc+ a l&-w9d4  ,^!
 conditions are1 app>5tly1 ne>ly exactly
 fulfill$ 9 ! region ( ! monsoons1 ) !  
exception t ! *ange ( w9d takes place at
 int]vals ( six mon?s1 & n e twelve     
h\rs4 ,9 ?is di/rict--:i* ext5ds ov] !  
s\!rn portion ( ,asia & ! ,indian       
ocean--! w9d = half ! ye> bl[s f "o     
po9t1 & = ! o!r half f t :i* is directly
 opposite4 ,! w9ds are nor?-ea/ &       
s\?-we/ 9 ,h9do/an2 & 9 ,java1 at ! o!r 
side ( ! equator1 !y are s\?-ea/ &      

nor?-we/4 ,! cause ( ! w9ds--monsoons !y
 are call$1 f an ,arabic ^w1 mausim1    
mean+ season--is n q s easily expla9$ z 
t ( ! ord9>y l& & sea breezes to :i* we 
h j ref]r$4 ,_! orig9 is to be s\ght = 9
 ! temp]ate zone1 & n betwe5 ! tropics4 
,! reason ( ?is is t ! di/ricts t[>d :i*
 ! air is suck$ 9 are n ^? :i* are      
absolutely hotte/1 b ^? :]e ! r>efaction
 ( ! air is greate/4 ,:5 ! air becomes  
light]1 x is said to be r>efi$1 & ?is   
r>efaction ought app>5tly to be greate/ 
:]e ! temp]ature is highe/4 ,?is w\ld be
 ! case if ! air 7 ! only con/itu5t (   
our atmosph]e4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 a v      
important di/urb+ ag5t to be tak5 into  
consid]ation1 viz41 aque\s vapor4 ,!re  
is always1 :5 x is n actually ra9+1 a   
quantity ( wat] ris+ f ! surface ( #baj 
! sea & f e expos$ wat]-surface1 & m+l+ 
) ! air4 ,?is wat] is p]fectly          
invisible3 z x is 9 ! =m ( vapor1 x is  
true /eam1 & its pres5ce only becomes   
visible :5 x is cond5s$ s z to =m a     
cl\d4 ,! hott] ! air is1 ! m ( ?is      

aque\s vapor is x able to hold 9 !      
invisible condition4  ,we %all naturally
 expect to f9d a great] am\nt ( ?is /eam
 9 ! air at places situat$ ne> ! coa/1  
?an at ^? 9 ! int]ior ( cont95ts1 & ?is 
is actually ! case4 ,! am\nt (          
r>efaction :i* ! dry air on ! sea-coa/ (
 ,h9do/an und]goes 9 summ]1 is p>tially 
comp5sat$ = by ! increas$ t5sion ( !    
aque\s vapor1 ^: pres5ce 9 ! air is due 
to ! action ( ! sun's heat on ! surface 
( ! ,indian ocean4 ,9 ! int]ior ( ,asia 
!re is no great body ( wat] to be f\nd1 
& ! w9ds f ! s\? lose mo/ ( ! moi/ure   
:i* !y conta9 9 pass+ ov] ! ,himalayas4 
,accord+ly ! air is extremely dry1 & a  
comp5sation1 simil> to t :i* is obs]v$ 9
 ,h9do/an1 _c take place4 ,x is t[>d ?is
 di/rict t ! w9d is suck$ 91 & !        
attraction is suffici5t to draw a       
portion ( ! s\?-ea/ trade-w9d across !  
l9e into ! nor!rn hemisph]e4 ,9 our w9t]
 ! region :]e ! r>efaction is greate/ is
 ! cont95t ( ,au/ralia2 & accord+ly1 9  
its turn1 x sucks ! nor?-ea/ trade-w9d (

 ! nor!rn hemisph]e across ! equator4   
,?us we see t 9 ! region :i* ext5ds f ! 
coa/ ( ,au/ralia to ! c5tre ( ,asia we h
 monsoons1 or w9ds :i* *ange regul>ly e 
six mon?s4 ,z to ! directions ( !       
diff]5t monsoons1 we %all discuss !m :5 
we h dispos$ ( ! trade-w9ds--:i* ought  
by rights1 z ,pr(essor ,dove obs]ves1 r 
to be consid]$ z an imp]fectly develop$ 
monsoon1 ?an ! latt] to be held z a     
modification ( ! =m]4  ,! orig9 ( !     
trade-w9ds is to be s\ght =1 z be=e1 9 !
 heat+ p[] ( ! sun1 & _! direction is a 
result ( ! figure ( ! e>?1 & ( its      
motion on its axis4 ,:5 ! air at !      
equator rises1 t 9 high] latitudes on   
ei!r side fl[s 91 & w\ld be felt z a    
nor? w9d or z a s\? w9d respectively1 if
 ! e>?'s motion on its axis did n affect
 x4 ,! figure ( ! e>? is pretty ne>ly t 
( a sph]e1 &1 z x revolves r\nd its     
axis1 x is evid5t t ^? po9ts on its     
surface :i* are situat$ at ! greate/    
di/ance f ! axis1 w h to travel ov] a   
great] di/ance 9 ! same "t ?an ^? :i*   

are ne> x4 ,?us1 = in/ance1 ,london1 :i*
 is ne>ly "u ! p>allel ( #ej1 has only  
to travel ab\t ?ree-fif?s ( ! di/ance   
:i* a place l ,quito1 situat$ "u !      
equator1 has to travel 9 ! same "t4 ,a  
p]son situat$ 9 ,london is c>ri$1       
imp]ceptibly to himself1 by ! motion ( !
 e>?1 ?r\gh #ae1jjj miles t[>d ! ea/w>d 
9 ! tw5ty-f\r h\rs2 :ile ano!r at ,quito
 is c>ri$ ?r\gh #be1jjj miles 9 ! same  
"t4 ,accord+ly1 if ! ,london]1 pres]v+ 8
 own rate ( motion1 7 sudd5ly transf]r$ 
to ,quito1 he w\ld be left #aj1jjj miles
 beh9d ! o!r 9 ! c\rse ( ! tw5ty-f\r    
h\rs1 or w\ld appe> to be mov+ 9 !      
opposite direction1 f ea/ to we/1 at !  
rate ( ab\t #djj miles an h\r4 ,! case  
w\ld be j z if a p]son 7 to be ?r[n into
 a railway c>riage :i* 0 mov+ at full   
spe$2 he w\ld appe> to 8 fell[-pass5g]s 
to be mov+ 9 ! opposite direction to !m1
 :ile 9 reality ! motion ( progression 0
 9 ! tra91 n 9 ! p]son :o 0 ?r[n into x4
 ,! air is transf]r$ f high to l[       
latitudes1 b ?is *ange is gradual1 & !  

e>?1 accord+ly1 by means ( ! =ce (      
friction1 is able to ret>d its relative 
velocity be=e x rea*es ! tropics s t its
 actual velocity1 ?\gh /ill consid]able1
 is f> bel[ #djj miles an h\r4  ,?is w9d
 comes f high latitudes & becomes m & m 
ea/]ly #baa rea*+ u z a ne>ly true      
nor?-ea/ w9d2 & z x gets into l[]       
latitudes becom+ m & m ne>ly ea/1 & =m+ 
a belt ( nor?-ea/ w9d all r\nd ! e>? on 
! nor!rn side ( ! equator4 ,9 ! s\!rn   
hemisph]e1 !re is a simil> belt (       
p]man5t w9ds1 :i* are1 ( c\rse1         
s\?-ea/]ly in/ead ( nor?-ea/]ly4 ,^!    
belts are n always at equal di/ances at 
ea* side ( ! equator1 z _! position is  
dep5d5t on ! situation ( ! zone (       
maximum temp]ature = ! "t be+4 ,:5 we   
rea* ! actual di/rict :]e ! air rises1  
we f9d ! ea/]ly direction ( ! w9d no    
long] s rem>kable1 z has be5 notic$ by  
,basil ,hall & o!rs4 ,! reason is1 t by 
! "t t ! air rea*es ! di/rict :]e x     
rises1 x has obta9$ by means ( its      
friction ) ! e>?'s surface a rate (     

motion r\nd ! e>?'s axis ne>ly equal to 
t ( ! e>?'s surface itself4  ,!         
trade-w9d zones1 call$1 by ! ,spani>ds1 
! ,ladies' ,sea--,el ,golfo de las      
,damas--because navigation on a sea :]e 
! w9d nev] *ang$ 0 s easy1 %ift _!      
position accord+ to ! app>5t motion ( ! 
sun 9 ! ecliptic4 ,9 ! ,atlantic !      
nor?-ea/ trade beg9s 9 summ] 9 !        
latitude ( ! ,azores2 9 w9t] x comm5ces 
to ! s\? ( ! ,can>ies4  ,9 ! actual     
trade-w9d zones ra9 v seldom falls1 any 
m ?an x does 9 ^! c\ntries :5 ! ea/ w9d 
has well set 94 ,! reason ( ?is is1 t ! 
air on its passage f high to l[         
latitudes is cont9ually becom+ w>m] &   
w>m]4 ,accord+ z its temp]ature rises1  
its p[] ( dissolv+ 7s to speak7 wat]    
increases also1 & s x is con/antly      
increas+ its burd5 ( wat] until x rea*es
 ! end ( its j\rney1 :]e x rises into ! 
high] regions ( ! atmosph]e1 & !re is   
sudd5ly cool$4 ,! *ill+ process         
cond5ses1 to a great ext5t1 ! aque\s    
vapor conta9$ 9 ! trade-w9d air1 &      

causes x to fall 9 con/ant dis*>ges (   
heavy ra94 ,?r\gh\t ! tropics ! ra9y    
season co9cides ) t p]iod at :i* ! sun  
is 9 ! z5i?1 & 9 ?is region ! heavie/   
ra9-fall on ! globe is obs]v$4 ,! wette/
 place 9 ! _w1 ,*]rapoonjee1 is situat$ 
9 ! ,cossya hills1 ab\t #bej miles      
nor!a/ ( ,calcutta1 j outside ! torrid  
zone4 ,!re ! ram-fall is upw>d ( #fjj   
in*es 9 ! ye>1 or tw5ty times z mu* z x 
is on ! we/ coa/s ( ,scotl& & ,irel&4   
,h[ev]1 9 su* extreme cases z ?is1 !re  
are o!r circum/ances to be tak5 into    
consid]ation1 su* z ! position ( !      
locality z reg>ds m\nta9 *a9s1 :i* may  
cause ! cl\ds to drift ov] "o p>ticul>  
spot4  ,to return to ! w9d3 ,:5 ! air   
rises at ! equatorial edge ( ! trade-w9d
 zone1 x fl[s away above ! l[] trade-w9d
 curr5t4 ,! exi/5ce ( an upp] curr5t 9 !
 tropics is well kn[n4 ,volcanic a%es1  
:i* h fall5 9 sev]al ( ! ,we/ ,indian   
isl&s on sev]al occasions1 h be5 trac$  
to volcanoes :i* lay to ! we/w>d ( !    
locality :]e ! a%es fell1 at a "t :5 !re

 0 no we/ w9d bl[+ at ! sea-level4 ,to  
take a rec5t in/ance3 a%es fell at      
,k+/on1 ,jamaica1 9 ! ye> #ahce1 & x is 
satisfactorily prov$ t !y _h be5 eject$ 
f ! volcano ( ,cosegu9a1 on ! ,pacific  
%ore ( ,c5tral ,am]ica1 & mu/           
consequ5tly h be5 borne to ! ea/w>d by  
an upw>d curr5t c\nt] to ! direction ( !
 ea/]ly w9ds :i* 7 bl[+ at ! "t at !    
sea-level4  ,capta9 ,maury supposes t :5
 ! air rises1 at ei!r side ( ! equator1 
x crosses ov] into ! opposite hemisph]e1
 s t !re is a con/ant int]*ange ( air   
go+ on betwe5 ! nor!rn & s\!rn          
hemisph]es4 ,?is he has h>dly           
suffici5tly prov$1 & 8 views are n      
g5]ally accept$4 ,"o ( ! argum5ts on :i*
 he lays great /ress 9 support ( 8 !ory 
is t on c]ta9 occasions du/ has fall5 9 
#bab v>i\s p>ts ( we/]n ,europe1 & t 9 x
 !re h be5 discov]$ microscopical       
animals simil> to ^? :i* are f\nd 9 ,s\?
 ,am]ica4 ,?is appe>s to be sc>cely an  
incontrov]tible pro(2 z ,admiral        
,fitzroy obs]ves3 ,c]ta9ly1 su* insects 

may be f\nd 9 ,brazil2 b does x foll[ t 
!y are n also 9 ,africa1 "u ne>ly ! same
 p>allel8  ,?is c\nt]-curr5t1 or        
anti-trade1 z ,sir ,j4 ,h]s*el has call$
 x1 is at a high level 9 ! atmosph]e    
betwe5 ! tropics1 f> above ! top ( !    
highe/ m\nta9s2 b at ! ext]ior edge ( ! 
trade-w9d zone1 x desc5ds to ! surface (
 ! gr\nd4 ,! ,can>y isl&s are situat$   
close to ?is edge1 & accord+ly we f9d t 
!re is always a we/]ly w9d at ! summit (
 ! ,peak ( ,t5]iffe1 :ile ! w9d at !    
sea-level1 9 ! same isl&1 is ea/]ly     
?r\gh\t ! summ] mon?s4 ,pr(essor ,piazzi
 ,smy?1 :o liv$ = "s "t on ! top ( t    
m\nta91 mak+ a/ronomical obs]vations1   
has record$ "s v int]e/+ details ( !    
conflicts betwe5 ! two curr5ts1 :i* he 0
 able to obs]ve accurately f 8 elevat$  
position4 ,9 w9t] ! trade-w9d zone is   
situat$ to ! s\? ( its summ] position 9 
latitude1 & at ?is season ! s\?we/ w9d  
is felt at ! sea-level 9 ! ,can>y isl&s4
 ,simil> facts to ^! h be5 obs]v$ 9 o!r 
localities :]e !re are high m\nta9s     

situat$ on ! edge ( ! trade-w9d zone1 z1
 = in/ance1 ,m\na ,loa1 9 ! ,s&wi*      
isl&s4 ,!re c1 !re=e1 be no d\bt t !    
w>m1 moi/ we/ w9d1 :i* is felt s g5]ally
 9 ! temp]ate zones1 is really ! air    
return+ to ! poles f ! equator1 :i* has 
n[ assum$ a s\?-we/ direction on its    
return j\rney1 ow+ to conditions !      
rev]se ( ^? :i* imp>t$ to x a nor?-ea/  
motion on its way t[>d ! equator4 ,?is1 
!n1 is our s\?-we/ w9d1 :i* is s        
preval5t 9 ! ,nor? ,atlantic ocean t !  
voyage f ,europe to ,am]ica is n        
unfrequ5tly call$ ! up-hill trip1 9     
contradi/9ction to ! d[n-hill passage   
home4 ,^! are ! brave we/ w9ds ( ,maury1
 ^: refre%+ action on ! soil he nev]    
tires ( recapitulat+4  ,! s\?-we/       
monsoons ( ,h9do/an1 :i* bl[ f ,may to  
,octob]1 & ! nor?-we/ monsoons ( ! ,java
 seas1 :i* are felt betwe5 ,novemb] &   
,april1 owe _! we/]ly motion to a cause 
simil> to t ( ! anti-trades :i* we h j  
describ$4 ,to take ! case ( ! monsoons (
 ,h9do/an3 we h se5 above h[ !          

r>efaction ( ! air 9 ,c5tral ,asia      
attracts ! s\!a/ trade-w9d ( ! s\!rn    
hemisph]e across ! equator4 ,?is air1 :5
 x moves f ! equator into high]         
latitudes1 br+s ) x ! rate ( motion1 to 
! ea/w>d1 ( ! equatorial regions :i* x  
has lately left1 & is felt z a s\?-we/  
w9d4 ,accord+ly1 ! directions ( !       
monsoons are ?us acc\nt$ =4 ,9 ! w9t]   
mon?s ! true nor?-ea/ trade-w9d is felt 
9 ,h9do/an2 :ile 9 ! summ] mon?s its    
place is tak5 by ! s\?-ea/ trade ( !    
s\!rn hemisph]e1 mak+ its appe>ance z ! 
s\?-we/ monsoon4 ,9 ,java1 conditions   
exactly conv]se to ^! are 9 op]ation1 & 
! w9ds are s\?-ea/ f ,april to ,novemb]1
 & nor?-we/ dur+ ! re/ ( ! ye>4  ,!     
*ange ( "o monsoon to ! o!r is always   
accompani$ by r\gh wea!r1 call$ 9 "s    
places ! break+ out ( ! monsoon2 j z ) u
 ! equ9ox1 or *ange ( ! season f summ]  
to w9t]1 & vice v]sa1 is m>k$ by w9dy   
wea!r1 or equ9octial gales4  ,! "q may1 
h[ev]1 well be ask$1 :y !re are no      
monsoons 9 ! ,atlantic ,ocean8  ,9 !    

fir/ place1 ! am\nt ( r>efaction :i* !  
air 9 ,africa & 9 ,brazil und]goes1 9 ! 
respective hot seasons ( ^? regions1 is 
f> less consid]able ?an t :i* is #bac   
obs]v$ 9 ,asia & ,au/ralia at !         
correspond+ seasons4  ,secondly1 9 !    
case ( ! ,atlantic ocean1 ! two di/ricts
 t[>d :i* ! air is attract$ are situat$ 
)9 ! torrid zone1 :ile 9 ! ,indian ocean
 !y are q outside ! tropics1 & 9 !      
temp]ate zones4 ,accord+ly1 ev5 if !    
suction ( ! air across ! equator did    
take place to ! same ext5t 9 ! =m] case 
z 9 ! latt]1 ! extreme contra/ 9        
direction betwe5 ! two monsoons w\ld n  
be p]ceptible to ! same ext5t1 ow+ to ! 
fact t ! same am\nt ( we/+ c\ld n be    
imp>t$ to ! w9d1 because x _h n to      
travel into su* high latitudes on ei!r  
side ( ! equator4 ,a t5d5cy to !        
production ( ! ph5om5a ( ! monsoons is  
obs]vable along ! coa/ ( ,gu9ea1 :]e    
w9ds f ! s\? & s\?-we/ are v g5]ally    
felt4 ,^! w9ds are n really ! s\?-ea/   
trade-w9d1 :i* has be5 attract$ across !

 l9e to ! nor!rn hemisph]e1 ,!y ought r 
to be consid]$ z ( ! same nature z ! l& 
& sea breezes be=e ref]r$ to1 s9ce we   
f9d x to be v g5]ally ! case1 t 9 w>m   
climates ! ord9>y w9d-curr5ts und]go a  
deflection to a great] or less ext5t    
along a coa/-l9e su* z t ( ,gu9ea1      
,brazil1 or nor? ( ,au/ralia4  ,our     
read]s may p]haps ask :y x is1 t :5 we  
allege t ! :ole ( ! w9ds ( ! globe owe  
_! orig9 to a regul> circulation ( ! air
 f ! ,pol> regions to ! equator1 & back 
aga91 we d n f9d m def9ite traces ( su* 
a circulation 9 ! w9ds ( our own        
latitudes8 ,! answ] to ?is is1 t !      
traces ( ?is circulation are easily     
discov]able if we only "k h[ to look =  
!m1 ,9 ! ,m$it]ranean sea1 situat$ ne> !
 nor!rn edge ( ! trade-w9d zone1 !      
contra/ betwe5 ! equatorial & pol>      
curr5ts ( air is v decid$ly m>k$4 ,! two
 conflict+ w9ds are kn[n "u v>i\s names 
9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! di/rict4 ,! pol>     
curr5t1 on its way to jo9 ! trade-w9d1  
is t]m$ ! tramontane1 9 o!r p>ts ! bora1

 ! mae/ral1 etc42 :ile ! return         
trade-w9d1 br++ ra91 is well kn[n "u !  
"n ( ! sirocco4 ,9 ,switz]l& ! same w9d 
is call$ ! ,fohn1 & is a w>m w9d1 :i*   
causes ! ice & sn[ to melt rapidly1 &   
con/antly br+s ) x heavy ra94  ,9 ^!    
latitudes ! contra/ is n s v /rik+1 b   
ev5 "h e "o kn[s t ! only w9ds :i* la/ =
 m ?an a day or two at a "t are !       
nor?-ea/ & ! s\?-we/ w9ds1 ! =m] ( :i*  
is dry & cold1 ! latt] moi/ & w>m4 ,!   
diff]5ce betwe5 ^! w9ds is mu* m        
noticeable 9 w9t] ?an 9 summ]1 inasmu* z
 9 ! latt] season ,russia & ! nor!rn "p 
( ,asia enjoy1 relatively to ! ,briti%  
,isl&s1 a mu* high] temp]ature ?an is ! 
case 9 w9t]2 s t ! air :i* moves f ^?   
regions dur+ ! summ] mon?s does n come  
to u f a climate :i* is cold] ?an our   
own1 b f "o :i* is w>m]4  ,s f>1 !n1 we 
h attempt$ to trace ! ord9>y            
w9d-curr5ts1 b z yet !re are v _m       
que/ions connect$ !re) :i* are n q      
suffici5tly expla9$4 ,to m5tion "o ( ^!1
 we he> f _m obs]v]s on ! late ,arctic  

exp$itions1 t ! mo/ m>k$ *>act]i/ic ( ! 
w9ds 9 ! neighborhood ( ,baff9's ,bay1  
is ! great pr$om9ance ( nor?-we/]ly     
w9ds4 ,x is n z yet1 nor c x ev] be     
satisfactorily1 decid$ h[ f> to !       
nor?w>d & we/w>d ?is ph5om5on is        
noticeable4 ,! "q !n is1 ,:5ce does ?is 
nor?-we/ w9d come8  ,z to ! causes ( !  
sudd5 *anges ( w9d1 & ( /orms1 !y are z 
yet %r\d$ 9 my/]y1 & we _c h mu*        
expectation t 9 our lifetime1 at lea/1  
mu* w be done to unravel ! web4         
,meteorology is a v "y sci5ce--if x     
des]ves #bad ! title ( sci5ce at all--& 
until obs]vations = a long s]ies ( ye>s 
%all h be5 made at _m /ations1 we %all n
 be 9 ! possession ( tru/wor?y facts on 
:i* to gr\nd our reason+4 ,x is m]ely   
%ov+ ! difficulty a /ep fur!r (f to     
assign ^! irregul> v>iations to         
atmosph]ic waves4 ,x w be "t en\gh to   
reason accurately ab\t ! wea!r & its    
*anges :5 we asc]ta9 :at ^! atmosph]ic  
waves are1 & :at causes !m4 ,until !    
a/ro-meteorologi/s w tell u ! pr9ciples 

on :i* _! calculations are bas$1 we mu/ 
decl9e to receive _! pr$ictions z wor?y 
( any cr$5ce :atev]4  ------  ,f ,!     
,mon?4  ,,eug5ie ,,& ,,maurice ,,de     
,,gu]94   ,! life ( ,eug5ie de ,gu]9 =ms
 a great contra/ ) ^? :i* are g5]ally   
br\ght be=e ! notice ( ! _w4 ,n only did
 %e n seek = fame1 b ! circum/ances ( h]
 life 7 ! v ones :i* g5]ally t5d to keep
 a woman 9 obscurity4 ,h] life 0 pass$ 9
 ! deepe/ retirem5t ( a c\ntry home4 ,! 
society ev5 ( a prov9cial t[n 0 n )9 h] 
rea*4 ,pov]ty plac$ a b> betwe5 h] & !  
means = /udy 9 cong5ial society4 ,!     
r\t9e ( h] life %ut h] out f great de$s 
or unusual a*ievem5ts4 ,9 fact1 h] life1
 s f> f be+ a deviation f ! ord9>y track
 :i* wom5 h to tread1 0 a v type ( !    
exi/5ce :i* seems to be m>k$ out = !    
majority ( wom51 & at :i* !y are s (t5  
wont to murmur4 ,! want ( an aim 9 life1
 ! necessity ( "s fix$1 engross+        
occupation1 & ! ennui :i* foll[s on !   
deprivation ( ^!1 =ms ! /aple trial (   
?\s&s ( wom51 especially 9 ,engl&1 :]e  

!re is mu* intellectual vigor ) s little
 p[] = its ex]cise4 ,t ! reaction f ?is 
deprivation is %[n by fa/ness1 or an    
excessive love ( dress & amusem5t1 is   
ackn[l$g$ by ! mo/ ke5 obs]v]s ( human  
nature4 ,b to ! l>ge class ( wom5 :o1   
disda9+ su* means ( di/raction1 be> _!  
burd5 pati5tly1 ,eug5ie de ,gu]9's      
,j\rnal et ,lettres possess an int5se   
int]e/4 ,h] life 0 s unev5tful t x      
absolutely af=ds no mat]ials = a        
biography1 b h] "* is s full ( int]e/ t 
h] "n is n[ a famili> "o 9 ,engl& &     
,france4  ,f> away 9 ! he>t ( sunny     
,langu$oc /&s ! *ateau ( ,le ,cayla1 !  
home ( ! de ,gu]9s4 ,!y 7 ( noble blood4
 ,! old *ateau 0 full ( rem9isc5ces ( ! 
de$s ( _! ance/ors4 ,de ,gu]91 ,bi%op ( 
,s5lis & ,*ancellor ( ,france1 _h gone  
=?1 ) a valor sc>cely befitt+ 8         
episcopal "*1 to animate ! troops at !  
battle ( ,b\v9es2 & f ! walls ( ,le     
,cayla look$ d[n f 8 portrait de ,gu]91 
,gr& ,ma/] ( ! ,knights ( ,malta 9      
#abjf4 ,a c>d9al1 a tr\bad\r1 & c\ntless

 gallant & noble soldi]s fill$ up !     
family rolls--! be/ blood 9 ,france _h  
m+l$ ) !irs2 b n[ ! family 7 obscure1   
=gott51 & poor4 ,b ^! circum/ances 7 no 
h9drances to ! happ9ess ( ,eug5ie's e>ly
 life4  ,my *ildhood pass$ away l "o    
long summ]-day1 said %e #bae aft]w>d4   
,?irte5 happy ye>s fl$ by4 ,!re 0 !     
fa!r1 *]i%$ ) t5d]1 self-=gett+ love2 ! 
bro!r ,eranb]t2 ! si/] ,m>ie1 ! y\nge/  
pet ( ! h\sehold2 ! beautiful &         
precoci\s ,maurice2 & ! "m1 ! c5tre (   
all1 lov+ & belov$4 ,b a %ad[ sudd5ly   
fell on ! sunny l&scape1 & ,madame de   
,gu]9 lay on h] dea?-b$1 :51 call+ to h]
 ,eug5ie1 h] elde/ *ild1 %e gave to h]  
especial *>ge ,maurice1 !n ag$ sev51 & 8
 "m's d>l+4 ,! dy+ lips bade ,eug5ie    
fill a "m's place to him1 & ! s5sitive &
 en?usia/ic girl receiv$ ! words into h]
 he>t1 & nev] =got !m4  ,f t day h]     
*ildhood1 almo/ h] y\?1 end$2 & x is )\t
 exagg]ation we may say t ! dep? (      
mat]nal love pass$ into h] he>t4 ,h5ce=?
 ,maurice 0 ! "o object & ! absorb+     

?\ght ( h] he>t1 second only to "o o!r1 
& t no love ( e>?4 ,sometimes1 inde$1 t 
passionate devotion to ,maurice disput$ 
! sway ( ! true ,ma/]1 z we %all h]eaft]
 see1 b x 0 nev] ultimately victori\s4  
,x 0 n likely t _! lives %\ld = long run
 side by side4 ,! extraord9>y brilliancy
 ( ,maurice's gifts made 8 fa!r det]m9e 
^u cultivat+ 8 m9d4 ,z soon z possible1 
he 0 s5t fir/ to ! petit sem9aire at    
,t\l\se1 & !n to ! college ,/anislaus at
 ,p>is4  ,maurice de ,gu]9 0 a s+ul>ly  
end[$ be+4 ,he possess$ t k9d ( p]sonal 
beauty s v r>e among m51 & :i* is s h>d 
to describe--a spiritual beauty1 :i*    
ins5sibly draws ! he>ts ( o!rs to its   
possessor4 ,add$ to ?is1 he _h t        
sweetness ( tone & mann]1 t in/9ctive   
p[] ( sympa?y1 t sp>kl+ brilliance :i*  
made him idoliz$ by ^? :o knew him1 :i* 
r5d]$ him lit]ally ! d>l+ ( 8 fri5ds4   
,il etait leur vie1 said ^? :o spoke (  
him aft] he 0 gone f e>?4  ,! e>ly &    
ard5t aspirations ( ?is gift$ be+ 7     
turn$ heav5w>d4 ,8 y\?ful head 0 dev\tly

 b[$ 9 pray]4 ,! c\ntry p call$ him le  
jeune sa9t2 & 8 conduct at ! petit      
sem9aire gave su* satisfaction t !      
,ar*bi%op ( ,t\l\se1 & also ! ,ar*bi%op 
( ,r\51 (f]$ to take ! :ole *>ge ( 8    
future education on !mselves2 b 8 fa!r  
refus$ bo?4 ,! temptations ( a college  
life _h left him sca?less1 & ! long+ ( 8
 s\l 0 = ! consecration ( ! prie/hood4  
,:at he might h be51 _h he fall5 into   
o!r h&s1 _c n[ be kn[n4 ,:e!r !re 0 an  
inh]5t weakness & effem9acy 9 ! "* :i*  
w\ld h unfitt$ him = ! awful            
responsibilities ( ! prie/ly (fice1 we  
"k n4 ,at all ev5ts1 he 0 attract$1 z _m
 m9ds ( und\bt$ sup]iority 7 at t "t1 by
 ! extraord9>y brilliancy & comm&+ g5ius
 ( de ,lam5nais2 & ,maurice de ,gu]9    
f\nd himself 9 ! solitude ( ,la         
,*esnaie1 a fell[-/ud5t ) ,hippolyte    
,lacordaire1 ,montalemb]t1 ,sa9t-,beuve1
 & a gr\p ( o!rs4 ,"h "s ye>s ( 8 life 7
 sp5t1 divid$ betwe5 pray]1 /udy1 &     
brilliant conv]sation1 l$ & su/a9$ by   
,m4 de ,lam5nais4 ,maurice1 ( a %y &    

diffid5t disposition1 does n seem to h  
atta*$ himself to ,lam5nais1 al?\gh he  
admir$ & look$ up to him1 & al?\gh !    
insidi\s portion ( 8 tea*+ 0 mak+ havoc 
) 8 fai?4  ,& n[1 x may be ask$1 :at (  
,eug5ie8 ,dwell+ 9 an obscure prov9ce1 )
 no o!r liv+ guide ?an a simple p>i%    
cure1 ) a natural en?usia/ic rev]5ce =  
g5ius1 & a pr$ilection = all ,maurice's 
fri5ds1 0 %e n dazzl$ f af> (f by ?is   
great tea*] ( m5's m9ds1 ?is e>ne/ re=m]
 ( abuses8 ,! in/9ct ( ! s+le 9 he>t 0  
h]s4 ,long ere o!rs _h disc]n$ ! cank]  
eat+ away ! fruit s fair to look on1    
,eug5ie1 ) prophetic voice1 0 w>n+      
,maurice4 #baf ,lacordaire's noble s\l 0
 yet ensn>$4 ,madam ,swet*9e's          
remon/rances _h n yet prevail$2 :ile ?is
 "y girl 9 ! c\ntry1 ^: "n no "o knew1 0
 wat*+ & pray+ = ! issue ( !            
delib]ations at ,la ,*esnaie4  ,at l5g? 
! break-up came--! memorable j\rney to  
,rome 0 ov]4 ,submission _h be5 requir$1
 & ,lacordaire _h giv5 x4 ,sil5ce is !  
second p[] 9 ! _w1 he _h said to        

,lam5nais2 & he _h )drawn ) him to ,la  
,*esnaie = a "t ( retreat1 :]e he 0 soon
 undeceiv$ z to ,lam5nais' int5tions4 ,&
 ^! two great m5 p>t$--"o to reap !     
fruits ( pati5t ob$i5ce 9 ! success ( "o
 ( ! greate/ works wr\ght 9 8 c5tury1 to
 ga9 a ma/]y ov] ! m5 ( 8 age1 & to die 
at la/ worn out by labors be=e 8 "t1 !  
belov$ *ild ( ! ,*ur*1 ^: bord]s he _h  
enl>g$1 ^: honor he _h def5d$2 ! o!r1 to
 foll[ ! c\rse ( self-w1 & to qu5* 8    
light 9 utt] d>kness4  ,! /ud5ts ( ,la  
,*esnaie w5t away1 & ,maurice 0 ?r[n on 
! _w ) no def9ite employm5t4 ,an        
unsuccessful atta*m5t deep5$ ! natural  
melan*oly ( 8 s5sitive nature4 ,he w5t  
to ,p>is1 & 0 soon 9 ! mid/ ( ! lit]>y  
_w4 ,he wrote1 & obta9$ fame2 he 0      
admir$ & s\ght aft]2 b ! beautiful fai? 
( 8 y\? fad$ away l a fl[]1 & ! innoc5t 
pleasures ( 8 *ildhood1 & ! passionate  
love ( 8 si/]1 _h no attractions = him  
comp>$ to ! brilliant circles ( ,p>isian
 society4  ,& ?us 0 ,eug5ie's fate m>k$ 
out4 ,f af> (f h] he>t foll[$ him2 &1   

p>tly = 8 amusem5t1 p>tly to relieve !  
outp\r+s ( h] int5sely-lov+ he>t1 %e    
kept a j\rnal1 int5d$ = ,maurice's eye  
only4 ,a few lett]s to ,maurice & "o or 
two intimate fri5ds make up ! re/ ( !   
volume1 :i* 01 aft] h] dea?1 mo/        
=tunately giv5 to ! _w4 ,9 ^! pages h]  
"* /&s reveal$1 & no long description ( 
h] mode ( life c\ld h made u m ?or\ghly 
acqua9t$ ) h] ?an ^! words1 writt5      
sometimes 9 joy1 sometimes 9 sorr[1 9   
we>9ess & depression1 9 all wea!rs1 & at
 all times2 =1 believ+ t %e pleas$ h]   
bro!r1 no?+ w\ld prev5t h] f keep+ h]   
promise ( a daily record ( h] life &    
?\ghts4 ,its *ief beauty lies 9 t %e    
made s mu* out ( s little4 ,i h j come  
away v happy f ! kit*51 :]e ,i /ood a   
long "t ?is ev5+1 to p]suade ,paul1 "o (
 our s]vants1 to g to confession at     
,*ri/mas4 ,he has promis$ me1 & he is a 
good boy & w keep 8 ^w4 ,?ank ,god1 my  
ev5+ is n lo/6 ,:at a happ9ess x w\ld be
 if ,i c\ld ?us e day ga9 a s\l = ,god6 
,walt] ,scott has be5 neglect$ ?is ev5+2

 b :at book c\ld h be5 wor? to me :at   
,paul's promise is8 4 4 4 ,! #bj?4--,i  
am s fond ( ! sn[6 ,its p]fect :it5ess  
has some?+ cele/ial ab\t x4 ,to-day ,i  
see no?+ b road-tracks1 & ! m>ks ( !    
feet ( little birds4 ,lightly z !y re/1 
!y leave _! little traces 9 a ?\s& =ms  
^u ! sn[4 ,x is s pretty to see _!      
little r$ feet1 z if !y 7 all drawn )   
p5cils ( coral4 ,w9t] has its beauties &
 its enjoym5ts1 & we f9d !m e-:]e :5 we 
"k h[ to see !m4 ,god spreads grace &   
beauty ev]y:]e4 444 ,i mu/ h ano!r di%  
to-day = ,s4,r41 :o is come to see u4   
,he does n (t5 ta/e good ?+s--t is :y ,i
 wi% to treat him well2 = x is to !     
desolate t1 x seems to me1 we %\ld pay  
att5tions4 ,no read+ to-day4 ,i h made a
 cap = a little *ild1 :i* has tak5 up   
all my "t4 ,b1 provid$ "o works1 be x ) 
! head or ! f+]s1 x is all ! same 9 !   
eyes ( ,god1 :o takes acc\nt ( e "w done
 9 8 "n4 ,i hope1 !n1 t my cap has be5 a
 *>ity--,i h giv5 my "t1 a little       
mat]ial1 & a ?\s& int]e/+ l9es t ,i c\ld

 #bag h read4 ,papa br\ght me ye/]day   
,ivanhoe1 & ! ,siecle de ,l\is ,,xiv4   
,"h are provisions = "s ( our long w9t] 
ev5+s4  ,!n %e _h a ke5 s5se ( enjoym5t1
 & a wond]ful faculty ( mak+ ! be/ (    
?+s4 ,?us a simple pleasure to h] 0 a   
s\rce ( delight4 ,"h is h] description (
 ,*ri/mas night 9 ,langu$oc3  ,dec4 #ca4
 ,i h writt5 no?+ = a =tnight4 ,d n ask 
me :y4 ,!re are times :5 we _c speak1   
?+s ( :i* we c say no?+4 ,*ri/mas is    
come--t beautiful fete :i* ,i love !    
mo/1 :i* br+s me z mu* joy z ! %eph]ds (
 ,be?lehem4 ,truly our :ole s\l s+s at !
 com+ ( ! ,"l1 :i* is ann\nc$ to u on   
all sides by hymns & by ! pretty        
nadalet4  ,footnote #di ,no?+ 9 ,p>is c 
give an idea ( :at ,*ri/mas is4 ,y h n  
ev5 midnight mass4  ,footnote #ej ,we   
all w5t to x1 papa at our head1 on a mo/
 *>m+ night4 ,!re is no sky m beautiful 
?an t ( midnight3 x 0 su* t papa kept   
putt+ 8 head out ( 8 cloak to look at x4
 ,! e>? 0 :ite ) fro/1 b we 7 n cold1 &1
 beside1 ! air ar\nd u 0 w>m$ by !      

light$ fagots t our s]vants c>ri$ to    
light u4 ,x 0 *>m+1 ,i assure y1 & ,i   
wi% ,i c\ld h se5 y slid+ along ) u t[>d
 ! *ur* on ! road1 bord]$ ) little :ite 
%rubs1 z if !y 7 fl[]+4 ,! fro/ makes   
su* pretty fl[]s6 ,we saw "o wrea? s    
pretty t we want$ to make x a b\quet = !
 ,bless$ ,sacram5t1 b x melt$ 9 our h&s2
 all fl[]s la/ s %ort a "t4 ,i v mu*    
regrett$ my b\quet2 x 0 s sad to see x  
melt drop by drop4 ,i slept at !        
presbyt]y4 ,! cure's good si/] kept me1 
& gave me an excell5t reveillon ( hot   
milk4 ,!n1 aga91 ! grave "p ( h] nature 
prevails1 & %e cont9ues3    ,footnote   
#di3 ,a p>ticul> way ( r++ ! bells dur+ 
!   fifte5 days :i* prec$e ! fea/ (     
,*ri/mas1 call$ 9 patois   nodal4       
,footnote #ej3 ,s9ce ! p]iod at :i*     
,mdlle4 de ,gu]9 wrote1   midnight mass 
has be5 resum$ 9 ,p>is4   ,^! are1 !n1  
my la/ ?\ghts2 = ,i %all write no?+ m   
?is ye>2 9 a few h\rs x w be ov]1 & we  
%all h begun a new ye>4 ,oh1 h[ quickly 
"t passes6 ,alas1 alas1 c ,i say t ,i   

regret x8 ,no1 my ,god1 ,i d n regret   
"t1 or any?+ t x br+s2 x is n wor? :ile 
to ?r[ our affections into its /ream4 ,b
 empty1 useless days1 lo/ = heav51 ?is  
causes me regret z ,i look back on life4
 ,de>e/1 :]e %all ,i be at ?is day1 at  
?is h\r1 at ?is m9ute1 next ye>8 ,w x be
 "h1 else:]e2 "h bel[1 or above8 ,god   
only kn[s2 ,i am be=e ! door ( ! future1
 resign$ to all t c come =? f x4        
,to-morr[ ,i w pray = y\r happ9ess1 =   
papa1 ,mimi1 ,eran h] o!r bro!r & si/]1 
& all ^? :om ,i love4 ,x is ! day =     
pres5ts2 ,i w take m9e f heav54 ,i draw 
all f !nce1 = truly !re are few ?+s :i* 
please me on e>?4 ,! long] ,i live1 !   
less x pleases me1 & ,i see ! ye>s pass 
by )\t sorr[1 because !y are b /eps to !
 o!r _w4 ,d n ?9k x is any sorr[ or     
tr\ble :i* makes me ?9k ?is4 ,i assure y
 x is n1 b a home-sickness comes ov] my 
s\l :5 ,i ?9k ( heav54 ,! clock /rikes2 
x is ! la/ ,i %all he> :5 writ+ to y4   
,! foll[+ is an acc\nt ( :at %e call$ a 
happy day3 ,god be bless$ = a day )\t   

sorr[4 ,!y are r>e 9 ?is life1 & my s\l1
 m ?an o!rs1 is soon tr\bl$4 ,a ^w1 a   
memory1 ! s\nd ( a voice1 a sad face1   
no?+1 ,i "k n :at1 (t5 tr\bles ! s]5ity 
( my s\l--a little sky1 d>k5$ by !      
smalle/ cl\d4 ,?is day ,i receiv$ a     
lett] f ,gabrielle1 ! c\s9 :om ,i love s
 = h] sweetness & beautiful m9d4 ,i 0   
uneasy ab\t h] heal?1 :i* is s delicate1
 hav+ he>d no?+ ( h] = m ?an a mon?4 ,i 
0 s pleas$ to see a lett] f h]1 t ,i    
read x be=e my pray]s4 ,i 0 s eag] to   
read x4 ,to see a lett]1 & n to op5 x1  
is #bah an impossible ?+4 ,ano!r lett] 0
 giv5 to me at ,cahuzac4 ,x 0 f ,lili1  
ano!r sweet fri5d1 b q )drawn f ! _w2 a 
pure s\l--a s\l l sn[1 f its purity s   
:ite t ,i am conf\nd$ :5 ,i look at x--a
 s\l made = ! eyes ( ,god4 ,i 0 com+ f  
,cahuzac1 v pleas$ ) my lett]1 :5 ,i saw
 a little boy1 weep+ z if 8 he>t 7      
brok54 ,he _h brok5 8 jug1 & ?\ght 8    
fa!r w\ld beat him4 ,i saw t ) half a   
franc ,i c\ld make him happy1 s ,i took 
him to a %op1 :]e we got ano!r jug4     

,*>les ,x4 c\ld n be happi] if he rega9$
 8 cr[n4 ,has x n be5 a beautiful day8  
,"h is ano!r in/ance ( ! way %e _h (    
beautify+ ! mo/ simple incid5ts3 ,i mu/ 
notice1 9 pass+1 an excell5t supp] t we 
h _h--papa1 ,mimi1 & ,i--at ! corn] ( ! 
kit*5-fire1 ) ! s]vants3 s\p1 "s boil$  
potatoes1 & a cake t ,i made ye/]day ) !
 d\gh f ! bread4 ,our only s]vants 7 !  
dogs ,lion1 ,wolf1 & ,tritly1 :o lick$  
up ! fragm5ts4 ,all our p 7 9 *ur* = !  
in/ruction :i* is giv5 = confirmation2  
&1 %e adds1 x 0 a *>m+ meal4  ,! daily  
devotions ( ! mon? ( ,m>y 7 v rec5tly   
e/abli%$ :5 ,eug5ie wrote2 %e speaks ?us
 ( !m3 on "o fir/ ( ,may :5 abs5t f     
home1 %e writes3 ,on ?is day1 at ?is    
mom5t1 my holy ,mimi 7a pet "n = h]     
si/]7 is on h] knees be=e ! little alt> 
= ! mon? ( ,m>y 9 my room4 ,de> si/]1 ,i
 jo9 myself to h]1 & f9d a *apel "h     
also4 ,!y h giv5 me = ?is purpose a room
 fill$ ) fl[]s2 9 x ,i h made a *ur*1 & 
,m>ie1 ) h] little girls1 s]vants1      
%eph]ds1 & all ! h\sehold1 assemble     

toge!r e ev5+ be=e ! ,bless$ ,virg94 ,!y
 came at fir/ only to look on1 = !y _h  
nev] kept ! mon? ( ,m>y be=e4 ,"s good w
 result to !m ( ?is new devotion1 if x  
is only "o idea1 a s+le idea1 ( _!      
,*ri/ian duties1 :i* ^! p "k s little (1
 & :i* we c tea* !m :ile amus+ !m4 ,^!  
popul> devotions please me s1 because !y
 are s attractive 9 _! =m1 & !reby (f]  
su* an easy me?od ( in/ruction4 ,by _!  
means1 salut>y tru?s appe> mo/ pleas+1 &
 all he>ts are ga9$ 9 ! "n ( our ,lady &
 ( h] sweet virtues4 ,i love ! mon? (   
,m>y1 & ! o!r little devotions :i* !    
,*ur* p]mits2 :i* %e blesses2 :i* are   
born at ! feet ( ! ,fai? l fl[]s at !   
m\nta9-foot4  ,speak+ ( ,/4 ,t]esa1 to  
:om %e _h a great devotion1 %e says3 ,i 
am pleas$ to rememb] t1 :5 ,i lo/ my "m1
 ,i w5t1 l ,/4 ,t]esa1 to ?r[ myself at 
! feet ( ! ,bless$ ,virg91 & begg$ h] to
 take me = h] daught]4 ,at ano!r "t %e  
says3 ,to-day1 v e>ly1 ,i w5t to ,vieux1
 to visit ! relics ( ! sa9ts1 &1 9      
p>ticul>1 ^? ( ,/4 ,eug5ie1 my patron4  

,i love pilgrimages1 remnants ( ! anci5t
 fai?2 b ^! are n ! days = !m2 9 !      
great] numb] ( p ! _s = !m is dead4     
,h[ev]1 if ,m4 le ,cure does n h ?is    
procession to ,vieux1 !re w be          
discont5t4 ,cr$ulity ab\nds :]e fai?    
disappe>s4 ,we h1 h[ev]1 _m good s\ls1  
wor?y to please ! sa9ts1 l ,rose        
,dr\ille1 :o kn[s h[ to m$itate1 :o has 
le>nt s mu* f ! ros>y2 !n ,francon de   
,gaill>d & h] daught] ,jacquette1 s     
recollect$ 9 *ur*4 ,?is holy escort did 
n accompany me2 ,i 0 alone ) my good    
angel & ,mimi4 ,mass he>d1 my pray]s    
f9i%$1 ,i left ) "o hope m4 ,i _h come  
to ask some?+ f ,/4 ,eug5e8 ,! sa9ts are
 our bro!rs4 ,if y 7 all-p[]ful1 w\ld y 
n give me all t ,i desir$8 ,?is is :at  
,i 0 ?9k+ ( :ile invok+ ,/4 ,eug5e1 :o  
is also my patron4 ,we h s little 9 ?is 
_w1 at lea/ let u hope 9 ! o!r4  ,^? :o 
are n ( ! same fai? z ,eug5ie de ,gu]9 h
 n fail$ #bai to be attract$ by ! dep? &
 ardor ( h] fai? & piety4 ,a writ] 9 !  
,cornhill ,magaz9e obs]ves1 ,! relation 

to ! prie/1 ! practice ( confession     
assume1 :5 %e speaks ( !m1 an aspect :i*
 is n t "u :i* ,exet] ,hall kn[s !m4  ,9
 my leisure "t ,i read a "w ( ,leitniz1 
:i* delight$ me by its ca?olicity & !   
pi\s ?+s :i* ,i f\nd 9 x--l ?is on      
confession3  ',i reg>d a pi\s1 grave1 & 
prud5t confessor z a great in/rum5t (   
,god = ! salvation ( s\ls2 = 8 c\nsels  
s]ve to direct our affections1 to       
enlight5 u ab\t our faults1 to make u   
avoid ! occasions ( s91 to dissipate our
 d\bts1 to raise up our brok5 _s2       
f9ally1 to cure or to mitigate all !    
maladies ( ! s\l2 &1 if we c nev] f9d on
 e>? any?+ m excell5t ?an a fai?ful     
fri5d1 :at happ9ess is x n to f9d "o :o 
is oblig$1 by ! inviolable law ( a div9e
 sacram5t1 to keep fai? ) u & to succor 
s\ls8'  ,?is cele/ial fri5d ,i h 9 ,m4  
,bories1 & !re=e ! news ( 8 dep>ture has
 deeply affect$ me4 ,i am sad ) a       
sadness :i* makes ! s\l weep4 ,i %\ld n 
say ?is to any "o else2 !y w\ld n1      
p]haps1 und]/& me1 & w\ld take x ill4 ,9

 ! _w !y "k n :at a confessor is--a man 
:o is a fri5d ( our s\l1 our mo/        
intimate confidant1 our physician1 our  
light1 our tea*]--a fri5d :o b9ds u to  
him1 & is b\nd to u2 :o gives u peace1  
:o op5s heav5 to u1 :o speaks to u :ile 
we1 kneel+1 call him1 l ,god1 our fa!r2 
& fai? truly makes him ,god & fa!r4 ,:5 
,i am at 8 feet1 ,i see no?+ else 9 him 
?an ,jesus li/5+ to ,magdal51 & p>don+  
mu* because %e has lov$ mu*4 ,confession
 is b an expansion ( rep5tance 9 love4  
,aga9 %e writes3 ,i h le>nt t ,m4       
,bories is ab\t to leave u-- ?is good & 
excell5t fa!r ( my s\l4 ,oh1 h[ ,i      
regret him6 ,:at a loss x w be to me to 
lose ?is good guide ( my consci5ce1 ( my
 he>t1 my m9d1 ( my :ole self1 :i* ,god 
_h confid$ to him1 & :i* ,i _h tru/$ to 
him ) su* p]fect fre$om6 ,i am sad ) !  
sadness :i* makes ! s\l weep4 ,my ,god1 
9 my des]t to :om %all ,i h rec\rse8 ,:o
 w su/a9 me 9 my spiritual weakness8 :o 
w lead me on to great sacrifices8 ,x is 
9 ?is la/1 above all1 t ,i regret ,m4   

,bories4 ,he knew :at ,god _h put into  
my he>t4 ,i ne$$ 8 /r5g? to foll[ x4 ,! 
new cure _c replace him2 he is s "y2 !n 
he appe>s s inexp]i5c$1 s undecid$4 ,x  
is necess>y to be firm to draw a s\l f !
 mid/ ( ! _w1 & to su/a9 x aga9/ !      
assaults ( fle% & blood4  ,x is         
,saturday--! day ( pilgrimage to        
,cahuzac4 ,i w g !re2 p]haps ,i %all    
come back m tranquil4 ,god has always   
giv5 me "s bless+ 9 t *apel1 :]e ,i h   
left s _m mis]ies444 ,i 0 n mi/ak5 9    
?9k+ t ,i %\ld come back m tranquil4 ,m4
 ,bories is n go+6 ,h[ happy ,i am1 & h[
 ?ankful to ,god = ?is favor4 ,x is su* 
a great bless+ to me to keep ?is good   
fa!r1 ?is good guide1 ?is *oice ( ,god =
 my s\l1 z ,/4 ,francis de ,sales       
expresses x4  ,confession is su* a      
bless$ ?+1 su* a happ9ess = ! ,*ri/ian  
s\l2 a great good1 & always great] 9    
measure :5 we feel x to be s2 & :5 !    
he>t ( ! prie/1 into :i* we p\r our     
sorr[1 resembles t ,div9e ,he>t :i* has 
lov$ u s mu*4 ,?is is :at atta*es me to 

,m4 ,bories2 y w und]/& x4  ,nev]!less1 
:5 ! trial ( p>t+ ) ?is belov$ fri5d did
 come1 at l5g?1 x 0 borne ) g5tle       
submission4  ,our pa/or is come to see  
u4 ,i h n said mu* to y ab\t him4 ,he is
 a simple & good man1 kn[+ 8 duties     
well1 & speak+ bett] ( ,god ?an ( ! _w1 
:i* he kn[s little (4 ,!re=e1 he does n 
%9e 9 conv]sation4 #bbj ,8 conv]sation  
is ord9>y1 & ^? :o d n "k :at ! true _s 
( a prie/ is w\ld ?9k little ( him4 ,he 
does good 9 ! p>i%1 = 8 g5tl5ess w9s    
s\ls4 ,he is our fa!r n[4 ,i f9d him "y 
aft] ,m4 ,bories4 ,i miss t /rong &     
p[]ful tea*+ :i* /r5g!n$ me2 b x is ,god
 :o has tak5 x f me4 ,let u submit &    
walk l *ildr51 )\t look+ at ! h& :i*    
leads u4  ,eug5ie's life revolv$ r\nd t 
( ,maurice4 ,no l5g? ( sep>ation c\ld   
weak5 h] affection1 nor make h] int]e/ 9
 8 pursuits less engross+4 ,8 lett]s1 s 
few & s scanty1 7 treasur$ up & dwelt ^u
 9 _m a lonely h\r4 ,%e suff]$ ) him1   
wept ov] 8 disappo9tm5ts1 & pray$ = 8   
return to ! fai? ( 8 y\? ) all !        

e>ne/ness ( h] s\l4 ,) exquisite tact %e
 avoid$ prea*+ to him4 ,x 0 r by %[+ him
 :at religion 0 to h] t %e /rove to lead
 him back to its practice4  ,holy       
,?ursday4--,i h come back all fragrant f
 ! *apel ( moss1 9 ! *ur* :]e ! ,bless$ 
,sacram5t is repos+4 ,x is a beautiful  
day :5 ,god wills to re/ among ! fl[]s &
 p]fumes ( ! spr+time4 ,mimi1 ,rose1 &  
,i made ?is reposoir1 aid$ by ,m4 le    
,cure4 ,i ?\ght1 z we 7 do+ x1 ( !      
supp]-room1 ( t *amb] well furni%$1 :]e 
,jesus will$ to keep ! pas* ) 8         
disciples1 giv+ himself = ! ,lamb4 ,oh1 
:at a gift6 ,:at c "o say ( ! ,eu*>i/8  
,i "k no?+ to say4 ,we adore2 we        
possess2 we live2 we love4 ,! s\l is )\t
 words1 & loses itself 9 an abyss (     
happ9ess4 ,i ?\ght ( y among ^!         
ec/asies1 & ard5tly desir$ to h y at my 
side1 at ! holy table1 z ,i _h ?ree ye>s
 ago4  ,mademoiselle de ,gu]9           
occasionally compos$2 h] bro!r 0 v      
anxi\s %e %\ld publi% h] productions1 b 
%e %rank f ! responsibility4 ,/4 ,jean  

de ,damas1 %e rem>ks1 0 =bidd5 to write 
to any "o1 & = hav+ compos$ "s v]ses = a
 fri5d he 0 expell$ f ! conv5t4 ,t seem$
 to me v sev]e2 b "o sees ! wisdom ( x1 
:51 aft] supplication & mu* humility1 ! 
sa9t _h be5 =giv51 he 0 ord]$ to write &
 to employ 8 tal5ts 9 conqu]+ ! enemies 
( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,he 0 f\nd /rong en\gh  
to ent] ! li/s :5 he _h be5 /ripp$ (    
pride4 ,he wrote aga9/ ! iconocla/s4    
,oh1 if _m illu/ri\s writ]s _h begun by 
a lesson ( humility1 !y w\ld n h made s 
_m errors nor s _m books4 ,pride has    
bl9d$ !m1 & ?us see ! fruits :i* !y     
produce1 into h[ _m errors !y lead !    
err+4 ,b ?is *apt] on ! sci5ce ( evil is
 too wide = me4 ,i %\ld pref] say+ t ,i 
h sewn a %eet4 ,a %eet leads me to      
reflect1 x w cov] s _m p1 s _m diff]5t  
slumb]s--p]haps t ( ! tomb4 ,:o kn[s if 
x w n be my %r\d1 & if ^! /it*es :i* ,i 
make w n be unpick$ by ! worms8 ,:ile ,i
 0 sew+1 papa told me t he _h s5t1 )\t  
my k1 "s ( my v]ses to ,bayssac1 & ,i h 
se5 ! lett] :]e ,m4 de ,bagne speaks (  

!m & says !y are v good4 ,a little      
vanity came to me & fell into my sew+4  
,n[ ,i tell myself ! ?\ght ( dea? is    
good to keep u f s94 ,x mod]ates joy1   
temp]s sadness1 makes u see t all :i*   
passes by u is transitory4  ,aga9 %e    
writes3 ,de> "o1 ,i w\ld t ,i c\ld see y
 pray l a good *ild ( ,god4 ,:at w\ld x 
co/ y8 ,y\r s\l is naturally lov+1 &    
pray] is no?+ else b love2 a love :i*   
spreads itself out into ! s\l z ! wat]  
fl[s f ! f\nta94  999999999999          
,a%-,w$nesday4--,"h ,i am1 ) a%es on my 
=ehead & s]i\s ?\ghts 9 my m9d4 ,?is    
',rememb] ?\ art du/6' is t]rible to me4
 ,i he> x all day long4 ,i _c bani% #bba
 ! ?\ght ( dea?1 p>ticul>ly 9 y\r room1 
:]e ,i no long] f9d y1 :]e ,i saw y s   
ill1 :]e ,i h sad memories bo? ( y\r    
pres5ce & y\r abs5ce4 ,"o ?+ only is    
bright--! little m$al ( ,our ,lady1     
susp5d$ ov] ! head ( y\r b$4 ,x is /ill 
unt>ni%$ & 9 ! same place :]e ,i put x  
to be y\r safegu>d4 ,i wi% y knew1      
de>e/1 ! pleasure ,i h 9 see+ x--!      

remembrances1 ! hopes1 ! secret ?\ghts t
 are connect$ ) t holy image4 ,i %all   
gu>d x z a relic2 &1 if ev] y return to 
sleep 9 t little b$1 y %all sleep aga9  
ne> ! m$al ( ! ,bless$ ,virg94 ,take f1 
me ?is confid5ce & love1 n to a bit (   
metal1 b to ! image ( ! ,"m ( ,god4 ,i  
%\ld l to "k1 if 9 y\r new room ,i %\ld 
see ,/4 ,t]esa1 :o us$ to hang 9 y\r o!r
 room ne> ! b5iti]3        ',ou toi1    
necessiteux   ,defaillant1 tu pr5ais    
l'aumone dans ce creux4'  ,y w no long]1
 ,i fe>1 seek alms !re4 ,:]e w y seek   
!m8 ,:o c tell8 ,is ! _w 9 :i* y live   
ri* en\gh = all y\r necessities8        
,maurice1 if ,i c\ld b make y und]/& "o 
( ^! ?\ghts1 brea! into y :at ,i        
believe1 & :at ,i le>n 9 pi\s books--^? 
beautiful reflections ( ! ,gospel--if ,i
 c\ld see y a ,*ri/ian1 ,i w\ld give    
life & all = t4  999999999999           
,maurice's abs5ce 0 ! great trial (     
,eug5ie's life2 b !re 7 m9or trials     
also1 conc]n+ ! little ?+s t make up !  
sum ( our happ9ess4 ,%e suff]$ int5sely 

& con/antly f ennui4 ,h] active1        
ent]pris+ m9d _h n suffici5t food to    
su/a9 x1 & bravely did %e fight aga9/   
?is con/ant depression & we>9ess4  ,a   
dull] life ?an h]s c\ld h>dly be f\nd2  
%e _h lit]ally no?+ to d4 ,%e _h no     
society1 = %e liv$ at a di/ance f h]    
fri5ds4 ,sometimes ! cure call$1        
sometimes a prie/ f a neighbor+ p>i%1 & 
!n ! monoton\s days w5t on )\t a s+le   
incid5t4 ,!re 0 no outw>d sign ( !      
/ruggle go+ on4 ,speak+ ( h] fa!r1 %e   
says3 ,a grave look makes him ?9k !re is
 "s tr\ble1 s ,i conceal ! pass+ cl\ds f
 him2 x is b "r t he %\ld only see & "k 
my calm & s]5e side4 ,a daught] %\ld be 
g5tle to h] fa!r4 ,we ought to be to !m 
some?+ l ! angels are to ,god4  ,nor    
w\ld %e di/ract h] ?\ghts by any means  
:i* might injure h] s\l4 ,i h sc>cely   
read ! au?or ^: "w y s5t1 ?\gh ,i admir$
 him z ,i d ,m4 ,hugo2 b ^! g5iuses h   
blemi%es :i* w\nd a woman's eye4 ,i     
dete/ to meet ) :at ,i d n wi% to see2 &
 ?is makes me close s _m books4 ,i h _h 

,notre ,dame de ,p>is "u my h&s a hundr$
 times to-day2 & ! /yle1 ,esm]alda1 & s 
_m pretty ?+s 9 x1 tempt me1 & say to   
me1 ',read--look4' ,i look$2 ,i turn$ x 
ov]2 b ! /a9s "h & !re /opp$ me4 ,i read
 no m1 & cont5t$ myself ) look+ at !    
pictures4 ,at ano!r "t1 :5 %e is /ay+ at
 a des]t$ h\se1 r dull] ?an h] own1 %e  
writes3 ,! devil tempt$ me j n[ 9 a     
little room1 :]e ,i f\nd a numb] (      
romances4 ',read a ^w1' he said to me2  
'let u see t2 look at ?is2' b ! titles (
 ! books displeas$ me4 ,i am no long]   
tempt$ n[1 & w g only to *ange ! books 9
 ?is room1 or r to ?r[ !m into ! fire4  
,!re 0 "o sov]eign rem$y = h] ills1 & %e
 s\ght = x ) fidelity1 & reap$ h] rew>d4
  ,?is morn+ ,i 0 suff]+4 ,well1 at     
pres5t1 ,i am calm2 & ?is ,i owe to     
fai?1 simply to fai?1 to an act ( fai?4 
,i c ?9k ( dea? & et]nity )\t tr\ble1   
)\t al>m4 ,ov] a deep ( sorr[ !re floats
 a div9e calm1 a s]5ity1 :i* is ! "w (  
,god only4 ,9 va9 h ,i tri$ o!r ?+s at a
 "t l ?is2 #bbb no?+ human com=ts ! s\l1

 no?+ human upholds x4    ',a l'enfant  
il faut sa m]e1   ,a mon ame il faut mon
 ,dieu4'  ,at ano!r "t ( suff]+ %e      
writes3 ,god only c console u :5 ! he>t 
is sorr[ful3 human helps are n en\gh2 !y
 s9k b5ea? x1 x is s weigh$ d[n by      
sorr[4 ,! re$ mu/ h m ?an o!r re$s to   
lean on4  999999999999  ,to di/ract my  
?\ghts1 ,i h be5 turn+ ov] ,lam>t9e1 !  
de> poet4 ,i love 8 hymn to ! night+ale1
 & _m o!r ( 8 ',h>monies' b !y are f> f 
hav+ ! effect on me t 8 ',m$itations'   
us$ to h4 ,i 0 ravi%$ & 9 ec/acy ) !m4  
,i 0 b sixte51 & "t *anges _m ?+s4 ,!   
great poet no long] makes my he>t       
vibrate2 to-day he has n ev5 p[] to     
di/ract my ?\ghts4 ,i mu/ try some?+    
else1 = ,i mu/ n *]i% ennui1 :i* injures
 ! s\l4 ,:at c ,i d8 ,x is n good = me  
to write1 to communicate tr\ble to o!rs4
 ,i w leave p5 & ink4 ,i "k some?+      
bett]1 = ,i h tri$ x a hundr$ times2 x  
is pray]--pray] :i* calms me :5 ,i say  
to my s\l be=e ,god1 ',:y art ?\ sad1 & 
:]e=e art ?\ tr\bl$8' ,i "k n :at he    

does 9 answ]+ me1 b x quiets me j l a   
weep+ *ild :5 x sees its "m4 ,! ,div9e  
compassion & t5d]ness is truly mat]nal  
t[>d u4  999999999999  ,&1 fur!r on3 ,n[
 ,i h some?+ bett] to d ?an write3 ,i w 
g & pray4 ,oh1 h[ ,i love pray]6 ,i w\ld
 t all ! _w knew h[ to pray4 ,i w\ld t  
*ildr51 & ! old1 & ! poor1 ! afflict$1 !
 sick 9 s\l & body--all :o live &       
suff]--c\ld "k ! balm t pray] is4 ,b ,i 
"k n h[ to speak ( ^! ?+s4 ,we _c tell  
:at is ineffable4  ,%e _h said once1 z  
we h se51 t %e w\ld give life & all to  
see ,maurice once m s]v+ ,god4 ,%e _h   
writt5 to him ?us1 n c>elessly inde$1 b 
z we are too wont to write--n c\nt+ !   
co/1 because we "k n :at ! co/ is4 ,%e  
wrote ?us1 & ,god took h] at h] ^w1 & he
 ask$ f h] n life1 z %e !n meant x1 b h]
 life's life4 ,fir/ came ! trial ( a    
tempor>y e/rangem5t4 ,h] j\rnal sudd5ly 
/ops2 %e believ$ x we>i$ him1 &1 )\t a  
^w ( reproa*1 %e sil5c$ h] eag] p54     
,maurice1 h[ev]1 decl>$ %e 0 mi/ak51 &  
%e joyfully resum$ h] task ) words :i*  

w\ld evid5ce1 if no?+ else 7 left1 u1 ! 
int5se dep? ( h] love = h] bro!r4 ,i 0 9
 ! wrong4 ,s mu* ! bett]2 = ,i _h fe>$ x
 _h be5 y\r fault4 ,!n ,maurice's heal?1
 :i* _h always be5 delicate1 began to   
fail1 & h] he>t 0 tortur$ at ! ?\ght (  
him suff]+1 away f h] lov+ c>e1 unable  
to s5d h] news ( him4  ,i h1 be5 read+ !
 epi/le ab\t ! *ild rais$ to life by    
,elias4 ,oh1 if ,i knew "s prophet1 "s  
"o :o w\ld give back life & heal?1 ,i   
w\ld g1 l ! ,%unamite1 & ?r[ myself at 8
 feet4  ,& aga91 mo/ t\*+ly1 %e says3 ,a
 lett] f ,felicite1 :i* tells me no?+   
bett] ab\t y4 ,:5 w ^? :o "k m write8   
,if !y knew h[ a woman's he>t beats1 !y 
w\ld h m pity4  ,maurice recov]$ f ^!   
attacks1 & 9 ! autumn ( #ahcf m>ri$ a "y
 & pretty ,creole lady4 ,he _h n !      
viol5t atta*m5t z to ! ,l\ise ( 8 e>ly  
y\?2 b ! union seem$ a suitable "o on   
bo? sides4 ,"o ( ,eug5ie's brief visits 
to ,p>is 0 made = ! purpose ( be+ pres5t
 at h] bro!r's m>riage4 ,x 0 a romantic 
sc5e4 ,x took place 9 ! *apel ( ! old & 

qua9t ,abbaye aux ,bois4 ,! *ur* 0 fill$
 ) brilliant & admir+ fri5ds4 ,! bride &
 bridegroom1 bo? s beautiful1 knelt be=e
 ! alt>2 ! ,p]e ,bugnet1 :o _h #bbc kn[n
 ,maurice z a boy1 bless$ ! union4 ,!   
gay procession pass$ f ! *ur*1 & met a  
fun]al cortege6 ,x fell l an om5 on     
,eug5ie's he>t4 ,six %ort mon?s w5t by1 
& ,eug5ie 0 aga9 summon$ to ,p>is1 to   
,maurice's sick-b$--8 dy+-b$ x inde$ 01 
b 8 si/]'s passionate love w\ld n       
rel9qui% hope4 ,! physicians1 cat*+ at a
 /raw1 prescrib$ native air1 & ! invalid
 caught at ! proposal ) fev]i%          
impati5ce4 ,t eag] long+ su/a9$ him     
?r\gh ! long & t]rible j\rney ( tw5ty   
days2 =1 ! mom5t he reviv$1 he w\ld be  
laid 9 ! salon1 & see ! home-faces ga!r$
 r\nd him4 ,!n he 0 c>ri$ to 8 room1 &  
soon ! end came4 ,at la/ ,eug5ie knew t 
he mu/ g1 & all ! p[]s ( h] s\l 7 ga!r$ 
into t "o pray]1 t he might die at peace
 ) ,god4 ,calmly %e b5t ov] him1 & kiss$
 ! =ehead1 damp ) ! dews ( dea?4        
,de>e/1 ,m4 le ,cure is com+1 & y w     

confess4 ,y h no difficulty 9 speak+ to 
,m4 le ,cure8 ,n at all1 he answ]$4 ,y w
 prep>e = confession1 !n8 ,he ask$ = 8  
pray]-book1 & _h ! pray]s read to him4  
,:5 ! prie/ came1 he ask$ = m "t to     
prep>e4 ,at la/ ! cure 0 summon$4  ,nev]
 h ,i he>d a confession bett] made1 said
 ! prie/ aft]w>d4 ,z he 0 leav+ ! room1 
,maurice call$ him back1 & made a solemn
 retraction ( ! doctr9es ( ,m4 de       
,lam5nais4 ,!n came ! ,viaticum & ! la/ 
ano9t+4 ,life ebb$ away2 he press$ ! h& 
( ! cure1 :o 0 by him to ! la/1 he kiss$
 8 crucifix1 & di$4 ,eug5ie's pray] 0   
he>d4 ,he di$1 b at home2 a w&]] come   
back2 an err+ *ild1 once m =giv51 re/+  
on 8 ,fa!r's brea/4  ,& he 0 gone6--k+ (
 my he>t6 my o!r self6 z %e _h call$    
him--& ,eug5ie 0 left beh9d4 ,%e _h lov$
 him too well = h] et]nal peace1 & x 0  
necess>y t %e %\ld be purifi$ 9 !       
crucible ( suff]+4 ,v gradually %e p>t$ 
f him2 ! gates ( ! tomb clos$ n on h]   
love2 sl[ly %e uproot$ ! fibres ( h]    
nature :i* _h be5 entw9$ 9 84 ,h] j\rnal

 did n end1 & %e wrote /ill to him--to  
,maurice 9 heav53 ,oh1 my belov$        
,maurice6 ,maurice1 art ?\ f> f me8     
he>e/ ?\ me8 ,sometimes ,i %$ torr5ts ( 
te>s2 !n ! s\l is dri$ up4 ,all my life 
w be a m\rn+ "o2 my he>t is desolate4   
,!n1 reproa*+ h]self1 %e turns to h]    
only consolation3 ,d ,i n love !e1 my   
,god8 only true & ,et]nal ,love6 ,x     
seems to me t ,i love !e z ! fe>ful     
,pet]1 b n l ,john1 :o re/$ on ?y       
he>t--div9e repose :i* ,i s ne$4 ,:at d 
,i seek 9 creatures8 ,to make a pill[ ( 
a human brea/8 ,alas6 ,i h se5 h[ dea? c
 take t f u4 ,bett] to lean1 ,jesus1 on 
?y cr[n ( ?orns4  999999999999  ,?is day
 ye>1 we w5t toge!r to ,/4 ,sulpice1 to 
! "o o'clock mass4 ,to-day ,i h be5 to  
,l5t9 9 ! ra91 ) bitt] memories1 9      
solitude4 ,b1 my s\l1 calm ?yself ) ?y  
,god1 :om ?\ ha/ receiv$ to-day1 9 t    
little *ur*4 ,he is ?y bro!r1 ?y fri5d1 
! well-belov$ above all2 :om ?\ can/    
nev] see die2 :o c nev] fail !e1 9 ?is  
_w or ! next4 ,let u console ourselves )

 ?is ?\ght1 t 9 ,god we %all f9d aga9   
all we h lo/4  ,"o great desire 01      
h[ev]1 left to h]2 t ( publi%+ ! lett]s 
& writ+s ( ,maurice1 & ( w9n+ = h]      
belov$ "o ! fame :i* %e s despis$ =     
h]self4 ,a tribute to 8 memory appe>$ ! 
ye> aft] 8 dea?1 9 ! ,revue des deux    
,mondes1 f ! brilliant p5 ( ,madame ,s&2
 b x 0 ! s\rce ( m pa9 ?an pleasure to  
,eug5ie4 ,) ! want ( c&or :i* is s (t5 a
 *>act]i/ic ( ! class ( writ]s to :om   
,madame ,s& #bbd belongs1 %e repres5t$  
,maurice z a man totally )\t fai?4      
,eug5ie believ$ t he _h nev] actually   
lo/ x1 al?\gh x _h be5 d>k5$ & obscur$2 
& %e 0 c]ta9ly f> m 9 8 confid5ce ?an   
any ( 8 fri5ds4  ,= "s "t be=e 8 dea? he
 _h gradually be5 return+ to religi\s   
ex]cises2 &1 z we h se51 on 8 dea?-b$1  
he _h mo/ fully retract$ & rep5t$ (     
:atev] errors !re _h be5 9 8 life4 ,b   
,madame ,s& 0 n v likely to tr\ble      
h]self ab\t ! dy+ mom5ts ( h] fri5d1    
:ile x 0 ano!r triumph to infidelity to 
let ! _w ?9k ?is brilliant "y man liv$ &

 di$ 9 its ranks4  ,madame ,s& makes    
,maurice a skeptic1 a great poet1 l     
,byron1 & x afflicts me to see ! "n ( my
 bro!r--a "n :i* 0 free f ^! lam5table  
errors--?us falsely repres5t$ to ! _w4  
,& aga93 ,oh1 ,madame ,s& is "r :5 %e   
says t 8 words are l ! diamonds l9k$    
toge!r1 :i* make a diadem2 or1 r1 my    
,maurice 0 all "o diamond4 ,bless$ be ^?
 :o e/imat$ 8 price2 bless$ be ! voice  
:i* praises him1 :i* places him s high1 
) s mu* respect & en?usiasm6 ,b on "o   
po9t ?is voice is mi/ak5--:5 %e says he 
_h no fai?4 ,no2 fai? 0 n want+ 9 him4  
,i proclaim x1 & atte/ x by :at ,i h se5
 & he>d2 by 8 pray]s1 8 pi\s read+2 by !
 sacram5ts he receiv$2 by all 8 ,*ri/ian
 actions2 by ! dea? :i* op5$ life unto  
him--a dea? ) 8 crucifix4  ,?is article 
( ,madame ,s& only increas$ ,eug5ie's   
desire to v9dicate h] bro!r1 by lett+ ! 
_w judge f 8 own writ+s & lett]s :at    
,maurice really 04 ,_m projects 7 set on
 foot = publi%+ ?is "w4 ,r ?an leave x  
undone1 ,eug5ie w\ld h und]tak5 x       

h]self1 ?\gh h] brok5 _s %rank m ?an ev]
 f any sort ( notoriety1 or             
communication ) ! busy _w outside h]    
quiet home4 ,b %e w\ld greatly h pref]r$
 ! task %\ld be accompli%$ by "o ( 8    
fri5ds2 & mu* ( h] correspond5ce 0      
devot$ to ! purpose4 ,"t pass$1 & plan  
aft] plan fell to ! gr\nd4 ,?is la/     
satisfaction 0 n to be h]s4 ,%e 0 to    
see1 z %e ?\ght1 ! "n ( h] belov$ "o    
gradually fad+ away1 & =gott5 z ye>s w5t
 on4 ,to ! v la/ drop %e 0 to dra9 ! cup
 ( disappo9tm5t & loss4 ,h] j\rnal      
ceas$1 & its la/ s5t5ce 01 ,truly did ! 
sa9t speak :o said1 ',let u ?r[ our     
he>ts into et]nity4'  ,!re are a few    
fragm5ts & lett]s1 :i* c>ry u on "s ye>s
 lat]2 & 9 "o ( ! la/ ( ^! lett]s1 dat$ 
#ae? ( ,june1 #ahde1 we f9d ^! consol+  
words3 ,i h suff]$2 b ,god tea*es u ?us1
 & leads u to will+ly place our he>ts   
above4 ,y are aga9 9 m\rn+1 & ,i h felt 
y\r loss deeply4 ,i mean ! dea? ( y\r   
poor bro!r4 ,alas6 :at is life b a      
cont9ual sep>ation8 ,b y w meet 9 heav51

 & !re w be no m m\rn+ nor te>s2 & !re !
 society ( sa9ts w rew>d u = :at we h   
suff]$ 9 ! society ( m54 ,&1 :ile wait+1
 !re is no?+ else to d ?an to humble    
"o's self1 z ! ,apo/le says1 '"u !      
mighty h& ( ,god1 t he may exalt y 9 !  
"t ( visitation2 ca/+ all y\r c>e ^u    
him1 = he ha? c>e ( y4'  ,^! are almo/  
h] clos+ words2 & ?us we see ,god com=t$
 h]4 ,?ree ye>s m pass$1 ( :i* we h no  
record2 & we _c b deeply regret !       
det]m9ation ( ,m4 ,trebuti5 n to give   
any acc\nt ( h] beyond h] own words4 ,z 
long z !y la/$1 !y are inde$ suffici5t2 
b we w\ld h fa9 foll[$ h] into ! sil5ce 
( ^? la/ ye>s1 & h se5 ! s\l gradually  
pass+ to its re/4 ,we w\ld h lik$ to "k 
if ! fri5ds %e lov$ soo!d h] dy+        
h\rs--:e!r ,m4 ,bories1 ) 8 /rong #bbe &
 p[]ful words1 0 by h] side 9 h] la/    
e>?ly /ruggle4 ,b a veil falls ov] x    
all4 ,we feel assur$1 z we close !      
volume1 t :atev] human means 7 want+1 ! 
,god %e _h fai?fully s]v$ consol$ 8 *ild
 to ! la/1 & su/a9$ h] mortal weakness  

till %e repos$ 9 him4 ,aft] h] dea?1 h] 
he>t's wi% 0 fulfill$1 & abundant honor 
has be5 r5d]$ to ,maurice de ,gu]94     
,nay1 m2 = homage is ev] giv5 to !      
maje/y ( unselfi% love2 & f h5ce=?1 if  
,maurice ! poet %all be =gott51 ,maurice
 ! bro!r ( ,eug5ie w nev] be4 ,%e has   
embalm$ 8 memory ) h] deep & fond       
devotion2 & %e has left a liv+ record ( 
h[1 9 ! mid/ ( a we>isome1 an           
objectless1 a monoton\s life1 a woman   
may f9d "w to d1 & do+ x1 l ,eug5ie1 )  
all h] might1 leave beh9d h] a track (  
light by :i* o!rs may foll[ aft] h]1    
enc\rag$ & consol$4            ,f4      
------  ,,! ,,build+ ,,( ,,m\rne4   ,a  
,,leg5d ,,( ,,! ,,blackwat]4   ,,by     
,,rob]t ,d4 ,,joyce4   ,rome1 accord+ to
 ! old aphorism1 0 n built 9 a day4     
,nei!r 0 ! old t[n ( ,m\rne1 al?\gh x 0 
de/roy$ 9 a day1 & made fit almo/ = !   
s[+ ( salt ^u its f\ndations1 by ! great
 ,"l ( ,?omond1 ,murr\gh ( ! ,f]ns1 :5  
he ga!r$ ar\nd x 8 rakehelly k]ns1 z    
,sp5s] 9 8 sple5 call$ !m1 & 8 fi]ce    

galloglasses & rov+ hobbel]s4 ,b !      
pres5t /ory has naught to d ) !         
spoliation & burn+ ( t[ns4 ,f> diff]5t1 
inde$1 0 ! f\nd+ ( ,m\rne1 to ! /ory ( !
 disa/r\s t]m9ation ( its prosp]ity4 ,y 
w look 9 va9 to ! hi/ories = a succ9ct  
or circum/antial acc\nt ( ! build+ ( ?is
 anci5t t[n2 b _m a m fam\s city has its
 e>ly annals involv$ 9 equal            
obscurity--,rome1 = in/ance4 ,:at       
tangible fact c be laid hold ( ) reg>d  
to its e>ly hi/ory1 save ! w-o'-!-wisp  
light emanat+ f ! traditions ( a m mod]n
 day8 ,a cimm]ian cl\d ( d>kness        
ov]hangs its f\nd+ & y\?ful progress1   
?r\gh :i* ! d\ble-di/ill$ microscopic   
eyes ( ! hi/orian are unable to p5etrate
 ) any degree ( c]ta9ty4 ,m\rne1 h[ev]1 
?\gh x _c boa/ ( a long-writt5 hi/ory1  
possesses an oral "o ( rem>kable        
p]spicuity & c]ta9ty4 ,! m5 are on !    
spot :o1 ) a ma!matical precision wor?y 
( ,ar*im$es or ,newton1 w relate ev]y?+ 
ab\t x1 f its f\ndation to its fall4 ,! 
only d>kness ca/ ^u _! mo/ circum/antial

 hi/ory is ! elysian cl\d f _! luxuriant
 dudhe5s1 z !y :iff away occasionally1 &
 relate--  ,t !re 0 long ago a c]ta9    
,dhonal1 a nobleman ( ! w>like race (   
,mac ,caurha1 :o rul$ ov] ,duhall[1 & ! 
wild m\nta9\s t]ritories ext5d+ d[nw>d  
along ! banks ( ! ,blackwat]4 ,?is      
nobleman1 aft] a long rule ( prosp]ity &
 peace1 at l5g? grew we>y ( inaction1 & 
manufactur$ 9 8 pugnaci\s bra9 "s cause 
( mortal affront & compla9t aga9/ a     
neighbor+ pot5tate1 ^: t]ritory ext5d$ 9
 a we/]ly direction on ! opposite %ore (
 ! riv]4 ,s he mu/]$ 8 vassals ) all    
imag9able spe$1 & prep>$ to set out = ! 
doma9s ( 8 foe on a =ay ( unusual       
f]ocity & magnitude4 ,be=e dep>t+ f 8   
ca/le1 :i* /ood "s miles above ,mall[1  
on ! banks ( ! riv]1 he held a long &   
confid5tial p>ley ) 8 wife1 9 :i* he    
told h]1 if he 7 defeat$ or sla91 & if !
 foe %\ld cross ! ,blackwat] to make    
reprisals1 t %e %\ld hold out ! =tress  
:ile "o /one w\ld /& ^u ano!r1 &        
especially t %e %\ld gu>d _! ?ree "y    

sons well1 :om1 he d\bt$ n1 :atev] might
 happ51 w\ld "o day ga9 prosp]ity &     
r5[n4 ,aft] ?is1 he set out on 8        
exp$ition1 at ! head ( a =midable array 
( turbul5t k]ns & m>aud+ horsem54 ,b 8  
neighbor 0 n a man to be caught sleep+2 
=1 at ! cross+ ( a =d ne> ,kanturk1 he  
attack$ ,dhonal1 slew him 9 s+le combat1
 & put 8 foll[]s to ! sword1 almo/ to a 
man4 ,aft] ?is he cross$ ! ,blackwat]1  
laid wa/e ! t]ritories ( ! invad]1 & at 
l5g? besieg$ ! ca/le1 :]e ! wid[$ lady &
 h] ?ree sons _h tak5 refuge4 ,= a long 
"t %e held h] own bravely aga9/ h]      
enemy2 b 9 ! end ! ca/le 0 tak5 by      
assault1 & %e & h] ?ree "y sons n>r[ly  
escap$ ) _! lives out into ! wild       
recesses ( ! =e/4  ,aft] w&]+ ab\t = "s 
"t1 ! poor lady built a little hut (    
brambles on ! %ore ( ! ,clydagh1 ne> !  
spot :]e /& ! ru9s ( ! preceptory (     
,m\rne1 or ,ball9amona1 z x is sometimes
 call$4 ,"h %e dwelt ) h] *ildr5 = a    
long "t1 9 want & mis]y4 ,h] sons grew  
up )\t receiv+ any ( ^? accompli%m5ts   

befitt+ _! bir?1 & ga9$ _! subsi/5ce1 l 
! *ildr5 ( ! common p ar\nd1 by till+ a 
little plot ( l& be=e _! hut1 & by !    
products ( ! *ase 9 ! surr\nd+ =e/4 ,"o 
day1 z ,di>mid1 ! elde/1 ) 8 b[ & arr[s 
ready = ! *ase1 0 cross+ a n>r[ valley1 
he met a k]n1 "o ( ! foll[]s ( ! great  
"l :o _h sla9 8 fa!r4 ,n[1 nei!r ,di>mid
 nor 8 bro!rs recollect$ :o _h kill$ _! 
fa!r1 nor ! high e/ate f :i* !y _h      
fall51 = _! "m kept !m c>efully 9       
ignorance ( all1 fe>+ t !y might become 
kn[n1 & t _! enemies w\ld kill !m also4 
,s ! k]n & himself w5d$ _! way = "s "t  
toge!r along ! side ( ! valley4 ,at l5g?
 !y />t$ a de] f its b$ 9 ! gre5 f]ns4  
,ea* %ot 8 arr[ at ! same mom5t1 & ea*  
/ruck ! de]1 :i* ran d[nw>d = a %ort    
space1 & at la/ fell dead beside !      
little /ream 9 ! bottom ( ! valley4  ,! 
de] is m9e6 said ! /range k]n1 z !y /ood
 ov] its body4  ,no6 answ]$ ,di>mid1 x  
is n4 ,see6 y\r arr[ is only /ick9' 9 ! 
sk9 ( 8 neck1 an' m9e is af!r rattl9'   
into 8 he>t1 ?r\gh an' ?r\gh6  ,no      

mat!r1 exclaim$ ! k]n1 ) a m5ac+ look4  
,i don't c>e h[ he kem by 8 dea?1 b !   
de] ,i mu/ h1 body an' bones1 :atev]    
comes ( x6 ,d y ?9k si* a sprissawn z y 
c\ld keep me f x1 an' ,i want9' its     
d>l9' c>kiss = ! table o' my "l1 ! ,mac 
,donogh8  ,n[ ,di>mid recollect$ t 8 "m 
& bro!rs 7 at ! same "t almo/ dy+ 9 _!  
little hut = want ( food4 ,s )\t fur!r  
p>ley he drew 8 long skian f its %ea?4  
,v well1 said he1 take x1 if y're a man2
 b be=e x goes1 my c>kiss mu/ lie /iff  
an' bloody 9 its place6  ,! k]n drew 8  
skian at ! ^w1 & !re1 ov] ! body ( !    
fall5 de]1 ensu$ a combat /]n & fi]ce1  
:i* at la/ result$ 9 ,di>mid's plung+ 8 
skian ?r\gh & ?r\gh ! body ( 8 foe into 
! gritty s& b5ea? !m4  #bbg  ,di>mid !n 
took ! spe> & o!r weapons ( ! dead k]n1 
put ! de] ^u 8 broad %\ld]s1 & m>*+ (f 9
 triumph1 soon ga9$ 8 "m's little hut4  
,!re1 aft] eat+ a com=table meal1 &     
tell+ 8 adv5ture1 ,di>mid began to lay  
d[n 8 future plans4  ,"m1 he said1 ! "t 
is come at la/ :5 ?is little cab9 is too

 small = me4 ,i'm a man n[1 an' able to 
meet a man1 body to body1 z ,i met him  
to-day2 s ,i'll bright5 up my weapons1  
an' set (f on my adv5tures1 t ,i may ga9
 r5[n 9 ! w>s4 ,donogh "h1 too1 has !   
f\r bones ( a man1 cont9u$ he1 turn+ to 
8 second bro!r2 s let him prep>e1 an'   
we'll ?ramp (f toge!r z soon z we c1 an'
 p]haps af!r all we'd h a ca/le ( our   
own1 :]e y c\ld reign 9 glory1 z big an'
 gr& z ,que5 ,cle5a o' ! ,crag6  ,well1 
!n1 answ]$ 8 "m1 if y mu/ g1 be=e y     
leave me1 y & y\r bro!rs mu/ hunt 9 !   
=e/ = a mon?1 & br+ 9 z mu* food z w d  
me & ,rory "h = a ye> & a day4  ,b1 said
 ,rory1 ! y\nge/1 or ,rore5 ,%\ragh1 or 
! ,lively1 z he 0 call$1 9 consequ5ce ( 
! 'cute & m]ry temp]am5t ( 8 m9d--b1    
,di>mid1 y "k ,i am n[ beyant fifte5    
ye>s ( age1 an' s1 if y g1 ,i'll folly y
 to ! worldt's end6  ,y presumpti\s     
little atomy ( a b>ebones1 answ]$ 8     
elde/ bro!r1 if ,i only see ! size ( a  
?ru%'s ankle ( y folly9' u on ! road1   
,i'll turn back an' bate t wiry an'     

freckl$ little c>kiss o' y\rs into      
frog's jelly6 ,s /ay at home 9 pace an' 
quietness1 an' p]haps :5 ,i come back ,i
 might give y a good purse o' goold to  
beg9 y\r =?9 )4  ,t = y\r mane an'      
ludiacr\s purse o' goold6 exclaim$      
,rore5 ,%\ragh1 at ! same "t snapp+ 8   
f+]s 9 ! face ( 8 bro!r4 ,arrah6 d y he>
 him1 "m8 ,b nev] m9d4 ,let u be (f into
 ! =e/ to-morr[1 an' we'll see :o'll br+
 home ! mo/ food be=e night6  ,well1    
said 8 "m1 :e!r he /ays at home or goes 
away1 ,i fe> he'll come to "s bad end ) 
t %>p tongue ( 81 & 8 wild cap]s4  ,)   
all jonteel respect1 "m1 answ]$ ,%\ragh 
aga91 ,i mane to d no su* ?+4 ,i ?9k    
myself z good a hairo ?is m9nit--because
 ,i h ! s[l an' he>t o' "o z ,k+ ,da?i1 
:o 0 kill$ 9 "s furr9 place t ,i don't  
recklect ! jography (1 or z ,con o' !   
,hundh]t ,battles1 or z ! be/ man among/
 !m1 ,fion himself--an' ,i'll d z great 
actions z any o' !m yet6  ,?is          
gr&iloqu5t boa/ ( ,rore5 ,%\ragh's set 8
 "m & bro!rs into a fit ( laught]1 f :i*

 !y only recov]$ :5 x 0 "t to retire to 
re/4 ,9 ! morn+ ! ?ree bro!rs betook    
!mselves to ! =e/1 & at ! fall ( night  
return$ ) a great spoil ( game4 ,f morn+
 till night !y hunt$ ?us e day = a mon?1
 at ! end ( :i* "t ,di>mid said t !y _h 
z mu* food /or$ 9 z w\ld la/ 8 "m &     
,rory = a ye> & a day4  ,on a hot summ] 
noon ! two bro!rs left ! little hut1 )  
_! "m's bless+ on _! heads1 & set (f on 
_! adv5tures4 ,aft] cross+ a few        
valleys1 !y came at l5g? to ! %ore ( !  
,blackwat]1 & sat d[n 9 ! %ade ( a huge 
oak-tree on ! bank to re/ !mselves4     
,b5ea? !m1 9 a cle>1 %ady pool1 a huge  
pike1 ) 8 voraci\s jaws ready = a       
plunge1 0 wat*+ a m]ry little speckl$   
tr\t1 :i* 9 its turn 0 reg>d+ ) mo/     
affectionate eyes a bright blue fly1 t 0
 disport+ ov]head on ! surface ( ! wat]4
 ,sudd5ly ! tr\t d>t$ upw>d into ! air1 
cat*+ ! ill-/>r$ fly1 b1 9 its return to
 ! elem5t b5ea?1 un=tunately plump$     
itself into ! ,*>ybdis-l jaws ( !       
villan\s #bbh pike1 & 0 f t 9 "o mom5t  

quietly deposit$ 9 8 /oma*4  ,look at t6
 said ,di>mid to 8 bro!r4 ,t's ! way ) a
 man t works an' wat*es ev]y?+ ) a ke5  
eye4 ,he'll h all 9 ! end1 j z ! pike   
has bo? fly & ?r\t--an' j z ,i h bo?    
fly1 an' ?r\t1 an' pike6 cont9u$ he1    
giv+ 8 spe> a quick d>t into ! deep     
pool1 & !n l&+ ! luckless pike1         
transfix$ ?r\gh & ?r\gh1 ^u ! gre5 bank4
 ,t's ! way to manage1 & ! divvle a     
bet!r sign o' good luck we c\ld h 9 !   
beg9n+ ( our j\rney1 ?an to get a good  
male s aisy6  ,hooray6 exclaim$ a voice 
beh9d !m4 ,t's ! way to manage mo/      
galliantly4 ,:at a nate d9n] ! ?urm9j\s 
mon/h] w make = ! ?ree ( u6 & on turn+  
r\nd1 ! two bro!rs beheld ,rore5        
,%\ragh1 acc\tr$ l !mselves1 & danc+ )  
mo/ exub]ant delight at ! feat beside !m
 on ! grass4  ,an' s y h folli$ u af!r  
all my w>n9'1 y outragi\s little        
vagabone6 exclaim$ ,di>mid1 mak+ a      
wra?ful d>t at ,rore51 :o1 h[ev]1 elud+ 
! grasp1 ran & d\bl$ hi!r & ?i!r ) !    
swiftness ( a h>e1 ar\nd ! trunks ( !   

huge oak-trees on ! %ore4 ,9 va9 ,di>mid
 tri$ e ruse ( ! *ase to cat* him4      
,rore5 ,%\ragh c\ld n be captur$4 ,at   
l5g? ! eld] bro!r1 we>i$ out1 return$ to
 ,donogh1 :o1 dur+ ! *ase1 0 tumbl+ ab\t
 on ! grass 9 convulsions ( laught]4    
',tis no use1 ,donogh1 he said1 we mu/  
only let him come ) u4 ,he'll nev] g    
back4 ,come "h1 y aggravat9' "y robb]1  
cont9u$ he1 call+ out to ,rore51 :o 0   
/ill danc+ 9 defiance b5ea? a tree1 "s  
di/ance (f--come "h1 an' y'll get y\r   
d9n]1 an' may folly u if y wi%4  ,rore5 
knew t he might dep5d on ! ^w ( 8 bro!r4
 ,i t[ld ye bo?1 said he1 com+ up to !  
spot1 t ,i'd folly ye to ! worldt's end2
 s let u h pace1 an' ,i may d ye "s     
s]vice yet4 ,b may ,i supplicate to "k  
:]e ye're preambl9' to at pres5t2 = if  
ye sit d[n t way 9 e umb]agi\s cool9'   
spot1 z ! song says1 ! divvle a mu*     
ye'll h = ye] pa9s 9 ! ind8  ,i'll tell 
y !n1 answ]$ ,donogh1 n[ recov]$ f 8 fit
 ( laugh+4 ,we're go9' (f to ,corrig    
,cle5a1 to see ! ,que5 o' ! ,fairies1   

an' to ask h] advice :at to d s z to w9 
weal? an' r5[n4  ',tis aisi] said ?an   
done1 said ,rore51 to see ,que5 ,cle5a4 
,b h[somdev]1 :5 we're af!r dev\r9' ?is 
v\raci\s ?ief ( a pike "h1 we'll peg (f 
to ! ,corrig z swift z our              
gambad9'-/icks w c>ry u6  ,aft] ! meal !
 ?ree bro!rs swam across ! riv]1 &      
proce$$ on _! way ?r\gh ! =e/ t[>d      
,corrig ,cle5a4 ,on ga9+ ! summit ( a   
little height1 a long1 /raight road     
ext5d$ be=e !m4  ,on & on ! /raight road
 !y w5t1 till1 turn+ up a n>r[ pa? 9 !  
=e/1 !y beheld ! great grey b\ld]s (    
,corrig ,cle5a t[]+ be=e !m4 ,!y se>*$  
r\nd its base sev]al times = an         
entrance1 b c\ld f9d none4 ,at l5g?1 z  
!y 7 turn+ away 9 despair1 !y saw an    
extremely small1 )]$ old atomy ( a      
woman1 clad all 9 sky blue1 & sitt+     
beside a clump ( fairy ?imbles1 or      
foxgloves1 t grew on a little knoll 9   
front ( ! rock4 ,!y w5t up & acco/$ h]3 
,c\ld y tell u1 ould woman1 ask$        
,di>mid1 h[ we c ent] ! ,corrig8 ,we    

want to speak to ! que54  ,ould woman1  
inagh6 answ]$ ! little atomy 9 a t[]+   
passion4 ,h[ da> y call me an ould      
woman1 y vagabone8 ,(f wid y--?ramp1 ,i 
say1 = if y /$ !re till y\r legs w\ld   
root 9 ! gr\nd1 y'd get no in=mation f  
me6  #bbi  ,be aisy1 "m1 said ,donogh1 9
 a soo?+ voice2 sure1 if y c tell u1 y  
may z well s]ve u s f>1 an' we'll ?r\ble
 y no m4  ,ould woman an' "m1 bo?6      
scream$ ! little hag1 />t+ up & %ak+ h] 
crut* at ! bro!rs2 ?is is worse ?an all4
 ,y dirty an' insult9' spalpe5s1 h[ da> 
ye aga91 ,i say call me si* names8 ,:at 
= %\ld ,i be decorat9' my f+]s wid ! r$ 
blossoms o' ! ,lusmore1 if ,i 0 z ould z
 y say8 ,be (f out o' ?is1 or be ?is an'
 be t1 ,i ru9ate ye bo? wid a :ack o'   
?is w& o' m9e6  ,"y le$y1 said ,rore5   
,%\ragh1 /epp+ up cap 9 h& at ?is       
juncture1 & mak+ ! old hag an           
elaborately polite b[--"y1 an' innoc5t1 
an' delightful cree?ur1 p'r'aps y'd h ! 
k9dness to ex]cise t lily-:ite h& o'    
y\rs 9 po9t9' out ! way = u into ,que5  

,cle5a's palace6  ,yes1 "y man1 answ]$ !
 crone1 greatly mollifi$ at ! h&some    
address ( ,rore54 ,= y\r sake1 ,i'll    
po9t out ! way4 ,y at la/e "k ! respect 
t %\ld be paid to y\? an' beauty6  ,all[
 me1 my sweet "y d>l9t1 said ,rore5 at  
?is1 z he /epp$ up & (f]$ h] 8 arm--all[
 me to h ! %uprame pleasure ( conduct9' 
y4 ,i'm sure ,i mu/ h ! honor an' glory 
( lad9' on my arm "o ( ! que5's maids ( 
honor4 ,may ^? entic9' *eeks o' y\rs =  
ev] keep ! bloom9' an' ravi%9' blu% !y h
 at ! pres5t m9nit1 an' may ^? rigl>    
ivory tee? o' y\rs1 t are z :ite z !    
dhriv5 sn[1 nev] make _! conjay f y\r   
purty an' delightful m\?6  ,! delightful
 "y cree?ur all[$ h]self1 ) _m a        
gratifi$ smirk1 to be conduct$ d[nw>d by
 ! gallant ,rore5 t[>d ! rock1 :]e1     
/rik+ ! nak$ wall ) h] crut*1 or w& z %e
 0 pleas$ to call x1 a door appe>$ be=e 
!m1 & ! ?ree bro!rs 7 imm$iately        
conduct$ into ! pres5ce ( ! fairy que54 
,x w\ld be long1 b pleasant1 to tell !  
gallant complim5ts paid by ,rore5 to !  

que51 & ! que5's polite & graci\s       
acceptance ( !m2 m]ry to relate ! cov]t 
laught] ( ! lovely maids ( honor1 z     
,rore5 occasionally %[]$ d[n praises on 
! head ( ! "y le$y :o s readily ga9$ him
 admittance to ! palace1 & :o 0 no o!r  
?an ! va9 old nurse ( ! que52 b1 despite
 all su* frivolities1 ?is hi/ory mu/ h  
its c\rse4 ,at l5g? ! que5 gave !m a    
g5tle h9t t _! audi5ce _h la/$ ! prop]  
"t1 & z !y 7 dep>t+ %e ca/ h] bright b  
love-lorn eyes ^u !m ) a k9dly look4    
,"y man1 %e said1 y ask my advice h[ to 
act s z to ga9 weal? & r5[n4 ,i c\ld    
give y weal?1 b w n1 = weal? ?us acquir$
 r>ely b5efits ! possessor4 ,b ,i w give
 y ! advice y seek4 ,always keep y\r    
s5ses %>p & bright1 & y\r bodies /rong  
by manly ex]cise4 ,look %>ply r\nd y1 & 
avail y\rselves honorably ( e           
opportunity t pres5ts itself4 ,be brave1
 & def5d y\r rights ju/ly2 b1 above all1
 let y\r he>ts be full ( honor &        
k9dness1 & %[ t k9dness ev] 9 aid+ !    
poor1 ! ne$y1 & ! def5celess4 ,d all    

?is1 & ,i d\bt n b y w yet come to      
weal?1 happ9ess1 & r5[n4 ,f>ewell6  ,& 9
 a mom5t1 !y knew n h[1 !y f\nd !mselves
 sitt+ 9 ! front ( ! ,rock ( ,cle5a1 ^u 
! little knoll :]e ,rore5 _h s flatt]+ly
 acco/$ ! "y le$y4 ,away !y w5t aga9 d[n
 to ! %ore1 swam back across ! riv]1 &  
w&]$ away ov] hill & dale1 till !y      
asc5d$ ,sliabh ,lu*ra1 & lo/ !mselves 9 
! dep?s ( ! great =e/ t clo!d its broad 
back4 ,"h !y sat d[n 9 a gre5 glade1 &  
began to consid] :at !y %\ld fur!r d )  
!mselves4 ,at l5g? #bcj !y agre$ to     
build a little hut1 & rema9 !re = a few 
days1 9 ord] to look ab\t ! c\ntry4 ,no 
soon] said ?an done4  ,to "w !y w5t1    
f9i%$ _! hut b5ea? a spread+ tree1 & 7  
soon regal+ !mselves on a "y fawn !y _h 
kill$ z !y desc5d$ ! m\nta94 ,next day  
!y w5t out into ! =e/1 kill$ a de]1     
br\ght him back to ! hut1 9 ord] to     
prep>e "p ( him = _! d9n]4 ,di>mid      
und]took ! cook+ = ! fir/ day1 :ile 8   
two y\ng] bro!rs w5t out along ! back ( 
! m\nta9 to kill m game4 ,) ! aid ( a   

small pot1 :i* !y _h borr[$ f a =e/] at 
! nor!rn "p ( ! m\nta91 & a ladle t     
accompani$ x1 ,di>mid began to cook !   
d9n]1 /irr+ ! pieces ( v5ison r\nd &    
r\nd ov] ! fire1 9 ord] to h "s bro?    
ready at ! return ( 8 bro!rs4 ,z he 0   
/irr+ & ta/+ alt]nately ) great indu/ry1
 he he>d a light foot/ep beh9d him1 & on
 look+ r\nd1 beheld sitt+ on "o ( ! l>ge
 mossy /ones !y us$ = a seat a little   
crabb$-look+ boy1 ) a r$ head almo/ !   
color ( sc>let1 a r$ jacket1 &          
tight-fitt+ tr[s]s ( ! same hue1 :i*1   
rea*+ a little bel[ ! knee1 left !      
fire-b$iz5$ & equally rubicund legs &   
feet expos$ 9 free luxury to ! air4 ,8  
face 0 h&somely =m$1 b br[n & freckl$1 &
 he _h a pair ( d>k1 ke5 eyes1 :i* seem$
 to pi]ce into ! v s\l ( ,di>mid z he   
sat gaz+ at him4 ,!re 0 a wild1 elfi%   
look ab\t him altoge!r1 z1 ) a vivaci\s 
tw9kle ( 8 acute eye1 he salut$ ,di>mid 
politely1 & ask$ him = a ladleful ( !   
bro?4 ,di>mid1 h[ev]1 9 turn+ r\nd f !  
pot1 _h spilt ! cont5ts ( ! ladle on 8  

h&1 burn+ x sorely1 & 0 9 consequ5ce n 9
 ! mo/ amiable humor4  ,give y a ladle (
 bro?1 inde$1 y little weasel o'        
p]dition6 exclaim$ he4 ,peg (f out o' my
 h\se ?is m9ute1 or ,i'll cat* y by "o  
o' !m mur!r9' legs o' y\rs1 an' bate y\r
 bra9s out aga9/ "o o' ! /ones6  ,i'm   
well acqua9t$ ) ! cozy an' inde/ructible
 fact1 t a man's h\se is 8 ca/le1 said !
 little fell[1 at ! same "t ?ru/+ bo? 8 
h&s into 8 pockets1 incl9+ 8 head       
slightly to "o side1 & look+ up coolly  
at ,di>mid2 b "s o' t bro? ,i mu/ h1 =  
?ree raisons4 ,fir/1 t all ! wild-game  
o' ! =e/ are m9e z well z y\rs2 second1 
t ,i'm a /hrang]1 an' y "k t hospitality
 is a vir?ue 9 ould ,irel&2 an'1 ?ird   
an' be/1 because y d>n't refuse me6 ,s1 
sit d[n !re an' cool me a good ri*      
ladleful1 or1 be ! hole o' my coat6     
!re'll be wigs on ! gre5 be?une y an' me
 a=e y're mu* ouldh]6  ,!r's = y\r      
impid5ce1 y gabbl9' little riff96 said  
,di>mid1 mak+ a furi\s kick at !        
imp]turbable little intrud]1 :o1 h[ev]1 

evad$ x by a nimble jump to "o side2 &  
!n leap+ up sudd5ly1 be=e 8 assailant 0 
aw>e1 hit him "r & left two /unn+ bl[s )
 8 h>d & dim9utive fi/s 9 ! eyes4 ,r\nd 
& r\nd hopp$ r$head1 at ea* hop /rik+ ! 
luckless ,di>mid "r 9 ! face1 till at   
l5g?1 ) "o f9i%+ bl[1 he br\ght him to !
 gr\nd1 /unn$ & s5seless4  ,!re1 he     
said1 z he took a ladleful o' bro? &    
began to cool x delib]ately1 t's ! mo/  
sci5tific fac] ,i ev] plant$ on a man's 
=ehead 9 my life4 ,i ?9k he'll n refuse 
me ! next "t ,i ask him4  ,) t he drank 
(f ! bro? at a draught1 laid ! ladle    
c>efully 9 ! pot1 /uck 8 h&s 9 8        
pockets1 & jovially :i/l+ up1 ,!        
cricket's rambles ?r\gh ! hob1 he left !
 hut1 & /rutt$ ) a light & *e]ful he>t  
into ! =e/4  ,:5 ,di>mid's bro!rs       
return$1 !y f\nd him j recov]+ f 8      
swoon1 ) two delightful black eyes1 & a 
nose ( unusual dim5sions4 #bca ,he told 
!m ! cause ( 8 mi%ap1 at :i* !y only    
laugh$ he>tily1 say+ t he des]v$ x =    
all[+ himself to be beat5 by su* an     

insignificant y\ng/]4 ,next day1 ,di>mid
 & ,rore5 w5t out to hunt1 leav+ ,donogh
 )9 to cook ! d9n]4 ,:5 !y return$1 !y  
f\nd ! ill-/>r$ ,donogh ly+ almo/ dead  
on ! floor1 ) two black eyes f> surpass+
 9 beauty & magnitude ^? receiv$ on !   
prec$+ ev5+ by 8 bro!r4  ,let me /ay )9 
to-morr[1 said ,rore51 = 'tis my turn2  
an' if he has ! p]lit5ess o' pay9' me a 
visit1 ,i'll rew>d him = 8 condesc5sion4
  ,arrah6 said bo? 8 bro!rs1 is x a     
little trane5 l y to be able = him1 :5  
he bate ! two ( u8  ,no mat!r1 answ]$   
,rore52 tis my turn1 an' /ay ,i w1 if my
 eyes 7 to be obli!rat$ 9 my            
purricranium6  ,& s1 :5 ! morr[ came1   
,di>mid & ,donogh w5t out to hunt1 &    
,rore5 ,%\ragh /ay$ )9 to cook ! d9n]4  
,z ! pot comm5c$ boil+1 ,rore5 kept a   
%>p eye ar\nd him = ! expect$ visitor1  
:om he at l5g? descri$ com+ up ! glade  
t[>d ! door ( ! hut1 :i/l+ *e]fully z he
 came4  ,good-morr[1 y\ng/]6 said ! *ap 
z he ent]$1 & made a mo/ hil>i\s b[2 y  
seem to h ! odor o' *>ity f y\r h&some  

face "h1 at la/e x comes mo/            
aromatically f ! pot1 anyh[4  ,ah1 !n6  
good-morr[ k9dly1 my blu%9' little      
moss-rose6 said ,rore51 answ]+ !        
salutation ) an equally ornam5tal       
incl9ation ( 8 head--welcome to ! hall  
o' my fa!rs4 ,p'r'aps y'd d me !        
?urm9j\s honor o' sat9' t blaz9' little 
c>kiss o' y\rs on ! /one =n5t me !re4   
,) all ! pleasure 9 ! univ>se1 answ]$ ! 
o!r1 seat+ himself2 b z ! clay is mo/   
ob/hrepor\sly hot an' di/hress9' to !   
dissolute travell]1 p'r'aps y'd h !     
ex?rame k9dness o' giv9' me a ladleful  
o' bro? to refre% myself4  ,well1 said  
,rore51 ,i 0 always c\nt$ a liv9'       
respectacle o' ! hospitality ( ould     
,irel&4 ,yet1 al?\gh ! fir/ law is n to 
ask ! "n ( a gue/1 9 reg>d to !         
unm]ciful way y ?rat$ my bro!rs1 ,i mu/ 
make b[ld1 be=e ,i grant y\r reque/1 to 
h ! honor an' glory ( he>9' y\r cognom54
  ,) %uprame pleasure1 answ]$ ! visitor4
 ,my "n1 accord9' to ! or?ography o'    
,ogham *>act]s1 is ,%ane5 cus na ,?9ne1 

:i*1 l>n$ly exp\nd$1 manes ,john ) 8    
,feet to ! ,fire4 ,b ! f]losoph]s an'   
rantiqu>ians ( ould ,irel&1 ?rac9'      
effect f cause1 call me ,fi]yfoot1 an'  
by t "n ,i %all be pr\d to be addhress$ 
by y at pres5t4  ,well1 rejo9$ ,rore51 x
 only %[s _! p]f\nd kn[lidge an' love = 
tru?1 to be able to make out su* a      
knotty plob]m 9 d]ivations2 an' s1 out  
o' complim5t to _! oceans o' l>n9'1 y'll
 get ! bro?2 b1 cont9u$ he1 z he took up
 a ladleful & held x to cool1 z !re are 
a few que/ions n[ & !n ?rubl9' my       
rum9a%9s1 p'r'aps y may be s p]lite z to
 ?r[ a fla% o' lightn9' on !m1 :ile     
we're wat9'4 ,"o is 9 na?ral hi/ory4    
,i've he]d t ( late ! h>es sleep ) "o   
eye %ut an' ?' o!r op54 ,:at on e>? is !
 raison ( x8  ,t1 answ]$ ,fi]yfoot1 is  
aisily solvolut$4 ,tis on acc\nt o' !   
increase o' weasels1 & _! love = suck9' 
! blood o' h>es 9 _! sleep4 ,s ! h>es1 9
 ordh] to be on _! gu>d an' prev5t x1   
sleep ) only "o eye at a "t1 an' :5 t's 
re/$ an' has slept en\gh1 !y op5 x an'  

%ut ! o!r6  ,! o!r1 said ,rore51 is 9   
a/hronomy1 an' ?rubbles me mo/ ( all1   
sleep9' an' nodd9'1 ait9' an' dhr9k9'4  
,:y is x t ! man 9 ! moon always keeps a
 rap9'-hook 9 8 h&1 & nev] uses x8  #bcb
  ,because1 answ]$ ,fi]yfoot1 gett+     
some:at impati5t1 because1 y poor       
b5ight$ cra?ure1 he's n a man at all1 b 
! image ( a man pa9t$ ov] ! door (      
,brian ,aira*'s %ebe5 !re1 :]e ^? t set 
(f on a lun>ian ramble g 9 to refre%    
!mselves1 z ,i want to refre% myself ) t
 ladle o' bro? y're delay9' 9 y\r h&6   
,oh6 y'll get x fre% an' fa/9'6 exclaim$
 ,rore51 & ) t he da%$ ! ladleful (     
scald+ bro? "r into ! face ( ,fi]yfoot1 
:o />t$ up ) a wild cry1 & ru%$         
half-bl9d$ f ! hut4 ,away w5t ,rore5 9  
hot pursuit aft] him1 ) ! ladle 9 8 h&1 
& call+ out to him1 ) ! mo/ ende>+ names
 imag9able1 to come back = ano!r supply 
( bro?--away d[n ! glades1 till at l5g?1
 on ! summit ( a smoo?1 gre5 little     
knoll1 ,fi]yfoot sudd5ly disappe>$4     
,rore5 w5t to ! spot1 & f\nd !re a squ>e

 ap]ture1 j l>ge en\gh to admit 8 body4 
,he imm$iately w5t & cut a sapl+ ) 8    
knife1 /uck x by ! side ( ! ap]ture1 &  
plac$ 8 cap on x = a m>k1 & !n return$  
to ! hut1 & f\nd 8 bro!rs j aft] com+ 94
 ,he relat$ all t happ5$1 & !y agre$ to 
g toge!r to ! knoll aft] f9i%+ _! d9n]4 
,:5 ! d9n] 0 ov]1 ! ?ree bro!rs w5t d[n 
to ! knoll1 & easily f\nd out ! ap]ture 
?r\gh :i* ,fi]yfoot _h disappe>$4  ,an' 
n[1 :at's to be done8 ask$ ,di>mid4     
,:at's to be done1 is x8 said ,rore52 :y
 j to h me g d[n1 z ,i'm !              
smalle/--smalle/ 9 body ,i mane--=1 to  
spake %up]na?rally1 my s\l is l>g] ?an  
bo? ( yurs put toge!r2 an'1 9 !         
manetime1 to h ye build ano!r hut ov] ! 
spot an' live !re till ,i return ) a p[]
 o' gold an' dimons1 & oceans o' r5[n   
an' glory6  ,) t he crept into !        
ap]ture1 :ile 8 bro!rs busi$ !mselves 9 
draw+ brambles & /icks to ! spot 9 ord] 
to build a hut z he _h direct$4 ,z      
,rore5 desc5d$1 ! passage began to gr[ m
 broad & lightsome1 & at l5g? he f\nd   

himself on ! v]ge ( a delightful c\ntry1
 f> m calm & beautiful ?an ! "o he _h   
left4 ,"h he took ! fir/ way t pres5t$  
itself1 & travell$ on till he came to ! 
cross+ ( ?ree roads4 ,he saw a l>ge1    
d>k-look+ h\se1 "p ( :i* he knew to be a
 smi?'s =ge1 f ! smoke1 & f ! con/ant   
hamm]+ t res\nd$ f ! inside4 ,rore5     
ent]$1 & ! fir/ object t pres5t$ itself 
0 ,fi]yfoot1 z fre% & bloom+ z a tr\t1 &
 roa/+ 8 r$ %9s ) ! utmo/ luxuriance &  
happ9ess ( he>t be=e ! blaz+ fire on !  
hob4  ,wi%a1 ,rore5 ,%\ragh1 exclaim$   
,fi]yfoot1 />t+ f 8 seat1 spitt+ on 8 h&
 = good luck1 & !n (f]+ x ) great       
cordiality1 y're z welcome z ! fl[]s o' 
,may6 ,all[ me to (f] y my              
congratulations1 ad inf9itum1 = y\r     
sup]ior cut5ess 9 ! art ( circumw5t9'   
y\r visitors4 ,i prizhume y'll h no     
objection to be pres5t$ to ! ?ree workm5
 ,i keep 9 ! h\se--! smi? !re1 ! c>p5t]1
 an' ! mason4 ,rore5 ,%\ragh1 g5tlem91 !
 only man 9 ! _w above t 0 able to      
circumw9t y\r ma/h]6  ,a cead mille     

failte1 "y g9tleman6 said ! ?ree workm5 
9 a brea?4  ,rore5 b[$ politely 9       
ackn[l$gm5t4  ,any news f ! worldt      
above8 ask$ ! smi?1 z he re/$ 8 pond]\s 
hamm] on ! anvil4  ,?+s are mor?ially   
dull1 answ]$ ,rore51 giv+ a sly w9k at  
,fi]yfoot4 ,i've he>d t ! ,danes are    
mak+ a div>%9 9 ,irel&2 t a %[] o'      
dimons fell 9 ,dubl92 t ! moon is gett9'
 m[ldy = want o' %99'2 & t !re's a say 9
 ! we/ t is gradually becom+            
transmogrifi$ into :iskey4 ,i humbly    
hope t ! lat!r intellig5ce #bcc is      
un?rue1 = if n1 ,i'm afraid ! :ole      
worldt w become drunk 9 ! tw9kl9' ( a   
gooldfr9*'s eye6  ,mile1 mile gloire6   
exclaim$ ! ?ree workm51 b t's grate an' 
wondh]ful intirely6 ,p'r'aps ma/h]1     
cont9u$ !y1 address+ ,fi]yfoot1 & smack+
 _! lips at ! ?\ght ( :iskey1 p'r'aps   
y'd h ! goodness o' giv9' u a few days' 
lave ( abs5ce6  ,n at pres5t1 answ]$    
,fi]yfoot2 indu/ry is ! s\l o' pleasure1
 z ! hawk said to ! sp>r[ be=e he       
transport$ him to 8 /oma*1 s ye mu/ n[  

set to "w an' make a sword1 = ,i want to
 make my fr9d "h a pres5t z a complim5t 
= 8 sup]ior wisdom4  ,to "w !y w5t4 ,!  
smi? hamm]$ out1 temp]$1 & poli%$ !     
blade1 ! c>p5t] fa%ion$ ! hilt1 :i* !   
mason set ) a brilliant r[ ( diamonds2 &
 ! sword 0 f9i%$ in/antly4  ,an' n[1    
said ,fi]yfoot1 pres5t+ ! sword to      
,rore51 let me h ! immor?ial pleasure o'
 pres5t+ y ) ?is4 ,take x & set (f on   
y\r ?ravels4 ,let valior & magnanimity  
be y\r guide1 & y'll come to glory )\t a
 horiz9tal b\nds4 ,9 ! manetime ,i'll   
wait "h till y return4  ,i accept x ) ! 
hotte/ gratitud9ity an' gladness1 said  
,rore51 tak+ ! sword & runn+ 8 eye      
critically along hilt & blade4 ',tis a  
d>l9'1 h&y sword2 'tis %>p1 %99'1 an'   
kill9'1 z ! sigh9' lov] said to 8       
swee!>t's eyes1 an' altoge!r 'tis ! "o t
 mat*es my exp]i5c$ ta/e1 = 'tis t\gh1  
an' light1 & lum5if]\s1 z ,n]o said to 8
 cimit>1 :9 he 0 prep>9' to daycapitate 
! univ>sal worldt wid "o bl[6  ,say+    
?is1 ,rore5 buckl$ ! sword to 8 side1   

bade a c]emoni\s f>ewell to ! polite    
,fi]yfoot & 8 workm51 left ! h\se1 &    
proce$$ on 8 adv5tures4 ,he took ! we/ &
 broad] road t l$ by ! =ge1 & travell$  
on gaily till night4 ,= sev5 days he    
travell$ ?us1 meet+ v>i\s small         
adv5tures by ! way1 & gett+ ?r\gh !m ) 8
 usual light-he>t$ness1 till at l5g? he 
saw a huge d>k ca/le be=e him1 /&+ on a 
rock ov] a solit>y lake4 ,he acco/$ an  
old man by ! way-side1 :o told him t a  
huge giant ( unusual size1 /r5g?1 &     
f]ocity dwelt !re1 & t he _h kept !re 9 
?rall1 = ! pa/ ye> & a day1 a beautiful 
pr9cess1 expect+ t 9 ! end %e'd give h] 
cons5t to m>ry him4 ,! old peasant told 
him also t ! giant _h two bro!rs1 :o    
dwelt f> away 9 _! ca/les1 & t !y 7 !   
/range/ objects ev] se5 by mortal eyes2 
"o be+ a valiant dw>f z broad z he 0    
long1 & ! o!r long] ?an he 0 broad1 = he
 0 tall z ! giant1 b s slightly =m$ t he
 0 designat$ by ! inhabitants ( ! c\ntry
 r\nd ,snohad na ,dhial1 or ! ,devil's  
,ne$le4 ,rore5 ?ank$ ! old man ) great  

urbanity1 & proce$$ on 8 way t[>d !     
ca/le4 ,:5 he came to ! gate1 he knock$ 
z bold z brass1 & dem&$ admittance4 ,he 
0 quickly answ]$ by a trem5d\s voice f !
 inside1 :i* dem&$ :at he want$4  ,let  
me 91 ould /eeple1 said ,rore52 ,i'm a  
poor di/hress$ boy t's gr[n w>y o' !    
worldt on acc\nt o' my fatness1 an' ,i'm
 come to (f] myself z a volun?>y male = 
y\r voraci\s /oma*6  ,at ?is ! gate flew
 op5 ) a l\d clang1 & ,rore5 f\nd       
himself 9 ! great c\rt-y>d ( ! ca/le1   
confront+ ! giant4 ,! giant 0 lick+ 8   
lips expectantly :ile op5+ ! gate1 b    
seem$ n[ n a little disappo9t$ z he     
look$ ^u ! sp>e1 wiry =m /&+ be=e him4  
,if y're engag$1 ould cannibal1 said    
,rore5 aga91 9 calkalat9' a ga/h]nomical
 plob]m1 z ,i'm awe] y are1 by ! way    
y're look9' at me1 all[ me p]litely to  
help y 9 hallucidat9' x4 ,9 ! fir/      
place1 if #bcd y int5d to put me 9 a    
pie1 ,i mu/ tell y t y'll n get mu*     
gravy f my c>kiss1 an' 9 ! next1 if y   
int5d to ate me on ! spot1 raw1 ,i mu/  

in=m y t y'll f9d me z h>d z a ,k]ry    
dimon1 an' /ick9' 9 y\r ?roat1 be=e y're
 half acqua9t$ ) ! politics ( y\r       
abdom9al k+dom6  ,z an answ] to ?is !   
giant did precisely :at ,rore5 ,%\ragh  
expect$ he w\ld d4 ,he /oop$ d[n1 caught
 him up ) 8 mon/r\s h&1 int5d+ to *op (f
 8 head ) ! fir/ bite2 b ,rore51 ! mom5t
 he approa*$ 8 broad1 hairy *e/1 pull$  
sudd5ly out ! sword pres5t$ to him by   
,fi]y foot1 & drew x across ! giant's   
w9dpipe1 ) z sci5tific a cut z ev] 0    
giv5 by any *ampion at ! battle (       
,gaura1 ,clont>f1 or ( any o!r place on 
! face ( ! e>?4 ,! giant did n give !   
usual ro> giv5 by a giant 9 ! act ( be+ 
kill$4 ,h[ c\ld he1 :5 8 w9dpipe 0 cut8 
,he only fell d[n simply by ! gate ( 8  
own ca/le1 & di$ )\t a groan4 ,rore51 by
 way ( triumph1 leap$ ^u 8 c>cass1 & ) a
 light he>t cut a few nimble cap]s      
!reon1 & !n proce$$ on 8 explorations   
into ! ca/le4 ,!re he f\nd ! beautiful  
pr9cess sad & =lorn1 :om he soon reliev$
 f h] appreh5sions ( fur!r ?raldom4 ,%e 

told him t %e 0 n ! only lady ^: wrongs 
7 unr$ress$ 9 t /range c\ntry1 = t ! two
 rema9+ bro!rs ( ! giant1 to wit1 ! dw>f
 & ! ,devil's ,ne$le1 _h kept1 dur+ h]  
"t ( ?rall1 h] two y\ng] si/]s 9 an     
equally cruel bondage4  ,an' n[1 my     
onrivall$ daisy1 said ,rore51 aft] "s   
conv]sation _h pass$ betwe5 !m1 all[ me1
 :ile ,i'm 9 ! humor = p]=m9' de$s o'   
valior1 to ?ramp (f an' set !m free6    
,b1 said ! pr9cess1 am ,i to be left    
beh9d p9+ 9 ?is =lorn dungeon ( a ca/le8
  ,refulg9t le$y1 answ]$ ,rore51 a pair 
( eyes l y\rs1 :5 purf]r9' a reque/1 are
 arrisi/ible1 b ?is ,k]ry-dimon' he>t o'
 m9e is at pres5t onmovable2 & 9        
f]losophy1 :5 an arrisi/ible affe]      
conglom]ates aga9/ an onmovable "o1     
no?9' occurs1 an' s ,i mu/ h ! ex?rame  
b[ldness ( ask+ y to /ay :]e y are till 
,i come back1 = 'tis always ! maxim ( an
 exp>i5c$ an' r5[n$ g9]al n to oncumb]  
himself ) too mu* baggage :5 sett9' out 
on 8 adv9?ures6  ,& s ! "y pr9cess      
cons5t$ to /ay1 & ,rore51 ) _m b[s &    

complim5ts1 took 8 leave4 ,= ?ree days  
he travell$1 till at l5g? he espi$ !    
ca/le ( ! dw>f t[]+ on ! summit ( a     
great hill4 ,he climb$ ! hill z fa/ z 8 
nimble legs c\ld c>ry him1 blew ! horn  
at ! gate1 & defi$ ! dw>f to s+le       
combat4 ,to "w !y w5t4 ,! sk9 ( ! dw>f 0
 z h>d & t\gh z t ( a rh9oc]os1 b at    
l5g? ,rore5's sword f\nd a passage ?r\gh
 x1 & ! dw>f fell dead by 8 own gate4   
,rore5 w5t 91 br\ght ! good news ( h]   
si/]'s lib]ation to ! lady1 & aft]      
direct+ h] to rema9 :]e %e 0 till 8     
return1 set =w>d aga94 ,= ?ree days m he
 travell$1 till he came to ! %ore ( a   
sea1 :]e he saw ! ca/le ( ,snohad na    
,dhial t[]+ high above ! waves4 ,he     
climb$ up ! rock on :i* ! ca/le /ood1   
f\nd ! gate op51 & :i/l+ ! romantic     
pa/oral ( ,! pip] 9 ! mead[ /ray+1 he   
jovially ent]$ ! fir/ door he met4 ,on  
he w5t1 ?r\gh room aft] room1 & saw no  
"o1 till at la/ he came be=e an exce$+ly
 l(ty door1 ) a n>r[ & p]p5dicul> slit 9
 x1 ext5d+ almo/ f ?re%old to l9tel4 ,he

 peep$ 9 ?r\gh ! op5 slit1 & beheld     
inside ! mo/ beautiful "y lady 8 eyes   
ev] re/$ ^u4 ,%e 0 weep+1 & seem$ sorely
 tr\bl$4 ,rore5 op5$ ! door1 pres5t$    
himself be=e h]1 & told h] h[ he _h     
lib]at$ h] #bce si/]s4 ,9 return %e told
 him h[ t v day %e 0 to be m>ri$ to     
,snohad na ,dhial1 & wept1 z %e fur!r   
relat$ t x 0 out ( ! "q to ?9k (        
vanqui%+ him1 = t he 0 z tall z ! giant1
 yet s slight t ! slit 9 ! door s]v$ him
 always = an entrance1 b !n he 0 beyond 
all h]oes /rong1 & usually kill$ 8      
antagoni/ by knott+ 8 long limbs ar\nd  
him & squeez+ him to dea?4  ,no mat!r1  
said ,rore54 ,i'll s+ a song af!r my    
victory1 z ! gamecock said to ! pip]4   
,an' n[1 mo/ delightful an' bloom9'     
d>l9t o' ! worldt1 ?is purrilig9i\s he>t
 o' m9e is melt$ at la/ ) ! con%um9'    
flame o' love4 ,say1 !n1 ! he>t-soo!r9' 
an' m]liflu\s ^w t y'll h me1 an' y\r   
?rubbles are ov] 9 ! tw9kl9'--  ,n ov] s
 soon6 int]rupt$ a l\d1 %rill voice     
beh9d !m1 & ,rore51 turn+ r\nd1 beheld  

,snohad na ,dhial ent]+ at ! slit1 )    
deadly rage & jeal\sy 9 8 fi]y eyes4    
,snohad1 h[ev]1 9 8 ha/e to get 9 & fall
 ^u ,rore51 got 8 middle 9 "s way or o!r
 entangl$ 9 ! slit1 & 9 8 /ruggles to   
free himself1 8 feet lilt$ upw>d1 & !re 
he hung = a few mom5ts1 inw>d & outw>d1 
l ! sway+ beam ( a balance4 ,= a few    
mom5ts only2 = ,rore51 runn+ ov]1 ) "o  
bl[ ( 8 fai?ful sword on ! wai/ cut him 
9 two1 & d[n fell bo? halves ( ,snohad  
na ,dhial z dead z a door-nail4 ,aft]   
?is ,rore5 got ! he>t-soo!r9' answ] he s
 gallantly implor$4 ,he !n be?\ght      
himself ( return+4 ,aft] a few weeks he 
f\nd himself ) ! ?ree si/]s1 & ) a      
cavalcade ( horses lad5 ) ! mo/ preci\s 
diamonds1 pe>ls1 & o!r treasures belong+
 to ! ?ree ca/les1 9 front ( ! =ge :]e  
he _h met ,fi]yfoot1 & talk+ m]rily to t
 wor?y4  ,an' n[1 said ,fi]yfoot1 aft]  
he _h complim5t$ ! ladies on _! beauty1 
& ,rore5 on 8 success & brav]y1 ,i am   
ab\t to give my ?ree workm5 lave (      
abs5ce4 ,b !y mu/ "w sev5 days = y fir/4

 ,!n !y may g on _! p]egr9ations ab\t   
ould ,irel&4 ,f>ewell4 ,give my         
ond5iable love to ! ladle1 & rememb] me 
to y\r bro!rs ballig]5tly6  ,) t ! two  
fri5ds embrac$1 on :i* ,fi]yfoot drew   
out a small :i/le & blew a tune1 :i* set
 ,rore5 ,%\ragh & ! ?ree pr9cesses into 
a pleasant sleep2 on awak5+ f :i* !y    
f\nd !mselves by ! side ( ! little hut  
on ! knoll1 ) ! ?ree workm5 b5ea? !m1   
hold+ ! horses & gu>d+ _! loads (       
treasure4 ,rore5's two bro!rs _h j      
return$ f ! *ase1 & 7 /&+ ne> !m 9 mute 
wond]m5t at ! spectacle4 ,aft] "s brief 
explanations1 ! :ole cavalcade set out  
on _! j\rney home1 & travell$ on till !y
 came to ! hut ( ! lonely wid[ on !     
banks ( ! ,clydagh4 ,x 0 nightfall :5 !y
 rea*$ ! place4 ,rore5 told ! ?ree      
workm5 t he want$ to h a ca/le built on 
! mead[ beside ! hut1 & !n w5t 9 &      
embrac$ 8 "m4 ,! workm5 w5t to ! mead[1 
& :5 ! next morn+ dawn$1 _h a ca/le (   
unexampl$ /r5g? & beauty built = ,rore5 
& 8 int5d$ bride4 ,! two succe$+ morn+s 

saw two equally spl5did ca/les built = !
 two bro!rs & _! brides elect1 = !y 7   
ab\t to be m>ri$ to ! two eld]          
pr9cesses4 ,by ! next morn+ aft] t !y _h
 a ca/le f9i%$ = ,rore5's "m4 ,on !     
second morn+ aft]w>d !y _h a t[n built1 
& at l5g?1 on ! sev5? morn+1 :5 ,rore5  
w5t out1 he f\nd bo? ca/les & t[n'      
enclos$ by a /rong wall1 ) ramp>ts1     
gateways1 & e o!r necess>y appliance (  
def5ce4 ,! ?ree workm5 !n took _! leave1
 & by ! l\d smack+ ( _! lips z !y       
dep>t$1 ,rore5 knew t !y 7 go+ (f to !  
we/ 9 se>* ( ! say ( :iskey4 ,aft] ?is !
 ?ree #bcf bro!rs 7 m>ri$ to ! ?ree     
lovely pr9cesses1 m]c5>y soldi]s flock$ 
9 f e qu>t]1 & took s]vice "u _! bann]s2
 ! inhabitants ( ! surr\nd+ c\ntry      
remov$ into ! t[n1 & matt]s w5t on gaily
 & prosp]\sly4 ,! "n ( ,rore5's wife 0  
,m\rne ,blanaid1 or ! ,bloom+1 & on a   
great fe/ival day got up = ! purpose1 he
 call$ ! t[n ,m\rne1 9 honor ( h]4 ,9 a 
pit*$ battle !y defeat$ & kill$ ! slay] 
( _! fa!r1 & drove 8 foll[]s out ( _!   

patrimony1 & aft] t !y liv$ 9 glory &   
r5[n till _! dea?4  ,= c5turies aft] !  
t[n ( ,m\rne fl\ri%$1 /ill rema9+ 9     
possession ( ! race ( ! ,mac ,c>?ys4 ,at
 l5g? ! ,normans came & laid _!         
mail-clad h&s ^u x4 ,9 ! reign ( ,k+    
,john1 ,alex&] de ,/4 ,hel5a f\nd$ a    
preceptory = ,knights ,templ>s ne> x1 ! 
ru9s ( :i* /& yet 9 =lorn & solit>y     
gr&eur beside ! little riv]4 ,/ill ! t[n
 fl\ri%$ & ?rove1 ?\gh _m a battle 0    
f\ght )9 x1 & ar\nd its gray walls1 till
 at l5g?1 accord+ to ,sp5s]1 ,murrogh na
 ,ranagh1 pr9ce ( ,?omond1 bur/ out l a 
fi]y flame f 8 fa/nesses 9 ,cl>e1 ov]ran
 all ,mun/]1 burnt almo/ e t[n 9 x t _h 
fall5 into ! possession ( ! ,engli%1 &  
among ! re/ ,m\rne1 ^: woeful burn+ did 
n cont5t him1 = he de/roy$ x altoge!r1  
sc>cely leav+ "o /one /&+ !re ^u ano!r4 
,& n[ only a few m\nds rema9 to %[ !    
spot :]e ,rore5 ,%\ragh got 8 t[n built1
 & :]e he rul$ s jovially4  ,& s1 g5tle 
read]1 if y look ) me to ! hi/ory (     
,troy1 ,rome1 ! battle ( ,v5try ,h>bor1 

! ,pyramids1 or ,tadmor 9 ! ,des]t1 ,i  
?9k y w say t !re is none ( !m s cle>1 s
 circum/antial1 & s tru/wor?y z ! e>ly  
hi/ory ( ! old t[n ( ,m\rne4    ----    
#bcg  ,,hans ,,eul]4  ,,f ,,! ,,g]man   
,,( ,j4 ,g4 ,,seidl4    ,h>k1 *ild--aga9
 t knock+6  ,g1 fl+ wide ! door1 ,i     
pray2   ,p]*ance 'tis "s poor pilgrim :o
 has w&]$ f 8 way4   ,n[ save !e1       
gallant /rang]6 ,sit ?\ d[n & %>e our   
*e]3   ,our bread is :ite & :olesome    
see6 our dr9k is fre% & cle>4    ,i come
 n "h y\r bread to %>e1 nor ( y\r dr9k  
to speak4   ,y\r "n8--,hans ,eul]4--,s6 
'tis well3 x is y\r blood ,i seek4   ,"k
 t ?r\gh _m a we>y ye> ,i've s\ght y = a
 foe3   ,i _h a goodly bro!r once3 'twas
 y :o laid him l[4    ,& z he bit ! du/1
 ,i v[$ t soon or late on y   ,8 dea?   
%\ld be av5g$2 & m>k6 t oa? ,i w keep   
true4   ,i slew him2 b 9 qu>rel j4 ,i   
f\ght him h& to h&3   ,yet1 s9ce y w\ld 
av5ge 8 fall1--,i'm ready2 take y\r /&4 
,b ,i w> n 9 my home/ead1 by ?is he>?   
:]eon ,i tread2   ,n 9 sight ( ^!--my   

de> ones--= ^: safety ,i h bl$4   ,my   
daught]1 rea* me d[n yon sword1--! same 
t laid him l[2   ,& if ,i ne'er come    
back aga91 ,tyrol has sons en[4    ,s =?
 !y f>$ toge!r1 up ! glori\s ,alp9e way1
   ,:]e newly n[ ! k9dl+ ea/ l$ on !    
gold5 day4   ,! sun t m\nt$ ) !m1 z he  
rose 9 all 8 pride1   ,/ill saw ! /rang]
 toil+ on1 ,hans ,eul] = 8 guide4    ,!y
 climb$ ! m\nta9 summit2 & behold6 !    
,alp9e _w   ,%[$ cle> & bright be=e !m1 
'nea? ! mi/s t upw>d curl$4   ,bel[ !m1 
calm & happy1 lay ! valley 9 h] re/1    
,) ! *alets 9 h] arms1 & ) _! dwell]s on
 h] brea/4    ,amid/ 7 sp>kl+ wat]s2    
giant *asms1 sc>r$ & riv52   ,va/1 cr[n+
 woods2 & ov] all1 ! pure1 ble/ air (   
heav53   ,&1 sacr$ 9 ! sight ( ,god1 :]e
 peace h] treasures spread1   ,on e     
he>?1 on e home1 ! s\l ( fre$om %$6     
,bo? gaz$ 9 solemn sil5ce d[n4 ,! /rang]
 /ay$ 8 h&4   ,hans ,eul] g5tly po9t$ to
 8 own belov$ l&3   ',twas ?is ?y bro!r 
?reat5$2 su* a wrong might move me well4
   ',twas 9 su* a cause ,i              

/ruggl$3--'twas = su* a fault he fell4  
,! /rang] paus$3 !n1 turn+1 look$ ,hans 
,eul] 9 ! face2   ,! arm t w\ld h rais$ 
! sword fell p[]less 9 its place4   ,y  
slew him4 ,0 x1 !n1 = ?is--= home &     
fa!rl&8   ,=give me6 ',twas a righte\s  
cause4 ,hans ,eul]1 !re's my h&6        
,,eleanora ,l4 ,,h]vey4   #bch   ,f ,all
 ! ,ye> ,r\nd4  ,,! ,,mod]n ,,g5ius ,,( 
,,! ,,/reams4   ,wat] to raise corn f ! 
se$1 to clo! ! mead[ ) its grass1 & to  
fill ! l& ) fruit & fl[]s2 wat] to lie  
heap$ 9 fanta/ic cl\ds1 to make !       
fairy-l& ( sunset1 & to spread ! ar* (  
m]cy 9 ! ra9b[2 wat] t k9dles our       
imag9ation to a s5se ( beauty2 wat] t   
gives u our meat1 & is our dr9k1 &      
cleans u ( dirt & disease1 & is our     
s]vant 9 a ?\s& great & little ways--x  
is ! v juice & ess5ce ( man's           
civilization4 ,& s1 :e!r we %all drag   
ov] cold wat]1 or let hot wat] drag u1  
is "o way ( putt+ ! "q betwe5 canal &   
/eam communication = conveyance ( our   
heavy traffic4 ,! canal-boat uses its   

wat] cold )\t1 ! /eam-eng9e requires x  
hot )94 ,be=e hot wat] appe>$ 9 its     
indu/rial "* to hiss (f ! cold1 canals  
_h all ! glory to !mselves4 ,!y are n   
yet hiss$ (f _! old /ages & cat-call$   
into contempt by ! :i/le ( ! /eam-eng9e1
 = canal communication /ill has         
advantages ( its own1 & canal %>es are  
p[]s 9 ! money m>ket4  ,little m ?an a  
c5tury ago1 n only 7 !re nei!r canals   
nor railroads 9 ?is c\ntry1 b ! common  
high-roads 7 ab\t ! wor/ 9 ,europe4     
,corn & wool 7 s5t to m>ket ov] ^? bad  
roads on horses' or bullocks' backs1 & !
 only coal us$ 9 ! inl& s\!rn c\nties 0 
c>ri$ on horseback 9 sacks = ! supply ( 
! blacksmi?s' =ges4 ,wat] gave u our    
ov]-sea comm]ce1 t came 9 & w5t out by  
way ( our tidal riv]s2 & ! /ep propos$  
t[>d ! fo/]+ ( our home indu/ries 0 a   
great "o :5 x occurr$ to somebody to    
imitate nature1 by erect+ artificial    
riv]s t %\ld fl[ :]eev] we wi%$ !m to   
fl[1 & %\ld be navigable along _! :ole  
c\rse = capaci\s1 flat-bottom$          

c>ry+-boats4  ,! fir/ ,engli% canal1    
inde$1 0 con/ruct$ z long z ?ree hundr$ 
ye>s ago1 at ,exet]1 by ,john ,trew1 a  
native ( ,glamorgan%ire1 :o enabl$ !    
trad]s ( ,exet] to cancel ! legacy ( !  
spite ( an angry ,c\ntess ( ,devon1 :o  
_h1 ne>ly ?ree hundr$ ye>s be=e t "t1   
/opp$ ! asc5t ( sea-go+ vessels to      
,exet] by =m+ a weir across ! ,exe at   
,topham4 ,trew contriv$1 to avoid !     
ob/ruction1 a canal f ,exet] to ,topham1
 ?ree miles long1 ) a lock to x4 ,john  
,trew ru9$ himself 9 ! s]vice ( an      
ungrateful corporation4  ,aft] ?is "t1  
improvem5ts w5t no fur!r ?an ! cle>+ out
 ( "s *annels ( natural                 
wat]-communication1 until ! "t ( ,james 
,br9dley1 ! fa!r ( ! ,engli% canal      
sy/em4  ,james ,br9dley 0 born 9 ! ye>  
#agaf1 ! ?ird ( ! reign ( ,george !     
,fir/1 9 a cottage 9 ! p>i% ( ,wormhill1
 midway betwe5 ! remote hamlets ( !     
,high ,peak ( ,d]by4 ,!re 8 fa!r1 m     
devot$ to %oot+1 hunt+1 & bull-runn+1   
?an to 8 "w z a cotti]1 cultivat$ !     

little cr(t he r5t$1 got into bad       
company & pov]ty1 & left 8 *ildr5       
neglect$ & untaught4 ,! idle man _h an  
indu/ri\s wife1 :o taught ! *ildr51 (   
:om ,james 0 ! elde/1 :at little %e     
knew2 b !y mu/ all help to e>n z soon z 
!y 7 able1 & ,james ,br9dley e>n$ wages 
at any ord9>y labor]'s "w t he c\ld get 
until he 0 sev5te5 ye>s old4 #bci ,he 0 
a lad clev] ) 8 knife1 :o made little   
models ( mills1 & set !m to "w 9        
mill-/reams ( 8 own contrivance4 ,!     
ma*9]y ( a neighbor+ gri/-mill 0 8      
especial delight1 & _h giv5 ! fir/      
impulse to 8 modell+s4 ,he & 8 "m agre$ 
t he %\ld b9d himself1 :5ev] he c\ld1 to
 a millwright2 & at ! age ( sev5te5 he  
did1 aft] a few weeks' trial1 become    
appr5tice = sev5 ye>s to ,abraham       
,b5nett1 :eelwright & millwright1 at !  
village ( ,sutton1 ne> ,macclesfield1   
:i* 0 ! m>ket-t[n ( ,br9dley's di/rict4 
,! millwrights 7 !n ! only eng9e]s2 !y  
work$ by turns at ! foot-la!1 ! c>p5t]'s
 b5*1 & ! anvil2 &1 9 c\ntry places :]e 

!re 0 little support = division ( labor1
 !y _h to f9d skill or inv5tion to meet 
any dem& on me*anical skill4 ,b5nett 0 n
 a sob] man1 8 j\rneym5 7 a r\gh set1 & 
mu* ( ! "y appr5tice's "t 0 at fir/     
occupi$ 9 runn+ = be]4 ,he 0 taught     
little1 & _h to f9d out ev]y?+ =        
himself1 :i* he did b sl[ly2 s t1 dur+  
"s "t1 he pass$ ) 8 ma/] = a /upid      
bungl]1 only fit = ! f>m-"w f :i* he _h 
be5 tak54 ,b1 aft] two ye>s ( ?is sort (
 pupilage1 a fire hav+ injur$ "s ma*9]y 
9 a small silk-mill at ,macclesfield1   
,br9dley 0 s5t to br+ away ! damag$     
pieces2 &1 by 8 sugge/ions on t         
occasion1 he %[$ to ,mr4 ,miln]1 ! mill 
sup]9t5d5t1 an intellig5ce t caus$ 8    
ma/] to be appli$ to = ,br9dley's aid 9 
a c]ta9 "p ( ! repairs4 ,he 0 unwill+ly 
s5t1 work$ "u ! enc\ragem5t ( ! fri5dly 
sup]9t5d5t ) rem>kable ability1 & 0     
surpris$ t 8 ma/] & ! o!r workm5 seem$  
to be dissatisfi$ ) 8 success4 ,:5 !y   
*aff$ him1 at ! supp] celebrat+ !       
completion ( ! "w1 8 fri5d ,miln] (f]$  

to wag] a gallon ( ! be/ ale t1 be=e !  
lad's appr5tice%ip 0 out1 he w\ld be a  
clev]] workman ?an any ( !m !re pres5t1 
ma/] or man4 ,?is 0 a joke aga9/        
,br9dley among 8 fell[-workm52 b 9 ano!r
 ye> !y f\nd ! "y man ,br9dley specially
 ask$ = :5 ! neighbor+ mill]s ne$$      
repairs ( ma*9]y1 & sometimes he 0 *os5 
9 pref]5ce to ! ma/] himself4 ,b5nett   
ask$ ! "y man ,briudley :]e he _h le>nt 
8 skill 9 mill-"w1 b he c\ld tell no m  
?an t x came natural l4 ,he ev5 sugge/$ 
& c>ri$ out improvem5ts1 especially 9 ! 
application ( ! wat]-p[]1 & work$ s     
sub/antially well1 t 8 ma/] said to him 
"o day1 ,jem1 if ?\ goes on i' ?is      
fooli% way o' work9'1 !re w be v little 
trade left to be done :5 ?\ comes oot o'
 ?y "t3 ?\ knaws firmness o' w>k's h'   
ru9 o' trade4  ,b pres5tly ,jem's       
firmness o' w>k 0 ! sav+ ( 8 ma/]4      
,b5nett got a contract to set up a      
pap]-mill on ! riv] ,dane1 ^u ! model ( 
a mill ne> ,man*e/]4 ,b5nett w5t to     
exam9e ! ,man*e/] mill1 br\ght back a   

confus$ & be]y notion ( x1 &1 proce$+ ) 
! job1 got into ! mo/ hopeless          
bewild]m5t4 ,an old h&1 :o _h look$ 9 on
 ! "w1 report$1 ov] 8 dr9k at ! ne>e/   
public-h\se1 t ! job 0 a f>ce1 & t      
,abraham ,b5nett 0 only ?r[+ away 8     
employ]'s money4 ,next ,saturday1 aft] 8
 "w1 "y ,jem ,br9dley disappe>$4 ,he 0 j
 ( age1 & x 0 suppos$ he _h tak5 x into 
8 head to leave 8 ma/] & beg9 life on 8 
own acc\nt4 ,b on ,monday morn+1 !re he 
0 at 8 "w1 ) 8 coat (f1 & ! :ole duty to
 be done cle> 9 8 head4 ,he _h tak5 on  
,saturday night a tw5ty-five mile walk  
to ! patt]n mill1 ne> ,man*e/]4 ,on     
,sunday morn+ he _h ask$ leave ( its    
proprietor to g 9 & exam9e x4 ,he _h    
sp5t #bdj "s h\rs on ,sunday 9 ! /udy ( 
its ma*9]y1 & !n _h walk$ ! tw5ty-five  
miles back1 to resume 8 "w & save 8 ma/]
 f a failure t w\ld h be5 disa/r\s to 8 
cr$it4 ,! conduct ( ! "w 0 left to him2 
he undid :at 0 amiss1 & proce$$ ) ! re/ 
s accurately1 t ! contract 0 complet$ )9
 ! appo9t$ "t1 to ! complete            

satisfaction ( all p]sons conc]n$4 ,aft]
 t piece ( good s]vice1 ,b5nett left to 
,james ,br9dley ! *ief c>e ov] 8        
bus9ess4 ,:5 ,b5nett di$1 ,br9dley c>ri$
 on to completion all "w !n 9 h&1 & w\nd
 up ! acc\nts = ! b5efit ( 8 old ma/]'s 
family4 ,t done1 he set up 9 bus9ess on 
8 own acc\nt at ! t[n ( ,leek1 9        
,/af=d%ire2 he 0 !n tw5ty-six ye>s old1 
hav+ s]v$ sev5 ye>s z an appr5tice & two
 ye>s z j\rneyman4  ,leek 0 !n b a small
 m>ket-t[n1 ) a few gri/-mills1 &       
,br9dley _h no capital2 b he made       
himself kn[n beyond ,leek z a reliable  
man1 ^: "w 0 good & durable1 :o _h      
inv5tion at ! s]vice ( 8 employ]s1 & :o 
always f9i%$ a job )9 ! /ipulat$ "t4 ,he
 did n conf9e himself to mill-"w1 b 0   
ready to und]take all sorts ( ma*9]y    
connect$ ) ! dra9+ ( m9es1 ! pump+ (    
wat]1 ! smelt+ ( iron & copp]1 = :i* a  
dem& 0 !n ris+1 & became honorably kn[n 
to 8 neighbors z ! ,s*em]4 ,at fir/ he  
_h no j\rneyman or appr5tice1 & he cut !
 tree = 8 own timb]4 ,:ile work+ z an   

appr5tice1 he _h taught himself to write
 9 a clumsy1 half-illegible way--he nev]
 le>nt to spell--& :5 he _h be5 ?irte5  
ye>s 9 bus9ess1 he w\ld /ill *>ge an    
employ] 8 day's "w at two %ill+s = cutt+
 a big tree1 = a mill-%aft or = o!r use4
 ,:5 he 0 call$ to ex]cise 8 skill at a 
di/ance ^u "s ma*9]y1 he add$ a *>ge (  
sixp5ce a day = extra exp5ses4  ,:5 !   
bro!rs ,john & ,?omas ,w$gwood1 pott]s 9
 a small way at ! outset ( _! fam\s     
c>e]1 desir$ to increase ! supply (     
fl9t-p[d]1 !y call$ ! ,s*em] to _! aid1 
& ! success ( ! fl9t-mill ,br9dley !n   
erect$ br\ght him bus9ess 9 ! pott]ies f
 t "t =w>d4  ,ab\t ?is "t1 also1 a      
,man*e/] man 0 be+ m>ri$ to a "y lady ( 
m>k 9 ! pott]ies1 &1 dur+ ! w$d+        
fe/ivities1 conv]sation once turn$ on ! 
clev]ness ( ! "y millwright ( ,leek4 ,! 
,man*e/] man wond]$ :e!r he 0 clev]     
en\gh to get ! wat] out ( "s hopelessly 
dr[n$ coal m9es ( 81 & ?\ght he %\ld l  
to see him4 ,br9dley 0 s5t =1 told !    
case & its hi!rto insup]able            

difficulties1 w5t into a br[n /udy1 !n  
sudd5ly bright5$ up1 & told 9 :at way he
 ?\ght t1 )\t great exp5se1 ! difficulty
 might be conqu]$4 ,! gi/ ( 8 plan 0 to 
use ! fall ( ! riv] ,irwell1 t =m$ "o   
b\nd>y ( ! e/ate1 & pump ! wat] f ! pits
 by means ( ! great] p[] ( ! wat] 9 !   
riv]4 ,8 sugge/ion 0 ?\ght good1 &1 be+ 
set to "w ^u ?is job1 he drove a tunnel 
?r\gh six hundr$ y>ds ( solid rock1 & by
 ! tunnel br\ght ! riv] d[n ^u ! brea/ (
 an imm5se wat]-:eel1 fix$ 9 a *amb]    
?irty feet bel[ ! surface ( ! gr\nd2 !  
wat]1 :5 x _h turn$ ! :eel1 0 c>ri$ on  
into ! l[] level ( ! ,irwell4 ,t :eel1 )
 its pumps1 work+ night & day1 soon     
cle>$ ! dr[n$ outwork+s ( ! m9e2 & = !  
inv5tion & direction ( ?is valuable     
eng9e]+ "w1 he seems only to h *>g$ 8   
workman's wages ( two %ill+s a day4  ,an
 eng9e] f ,london _h be5 br\ght d[n to  
sup]9t5d ! build+ ( a new silk-mill at  
#bda ,congleton1 & ,br9dley 0 employ$ "u
 him to make ! wat]-:eel & d ! common "w
 ( 8 trade4 ,! eng9e] f ,london got 8 "w

 into a mess1 & at la/ 0 oblig$ to      
confess 8 inability to c>ry out 8 plan4 
,! ,s*em] ,br9dley 0 appli$ to by !     
p]plex$ proprietor4 ,c\ld he put !      
confusion /raight8 ,james ,br9dley ask$ 
to see ! plans2 b ! great eng9e] refus$ 
to %[ !m to a common millwright4 ,well1 
!n1 said ,br9dley to ! proprietor ( !   
mill1 tell me exactly :at y want !      
ma*9]y to d1 & ,i w try to contrive :at 
w d x4 ,b y mu/ leave me free to "w 9 my
 own way4 ,he 0 told ! results desir$1 &
 n only a*iev$ !m1 b a*iev$ mu* m1 add+ 
new contrivances1 :i* aft]w>d prov$ ( ! 
greate/ value4  ,aft] ?is a*ievem5t1    
,br9dley 0 employ$ by ! n[ prosp]+      
pott]s to build fl9t-mills ( m p[] ^u a 
new plan ( 8 own4 ,"o ( ! l>ge/ 0 t     
built = ,mr4 ,baddely1 ( :i* "w !re is  
record 9 su* trade entries ( 8 z ,m>*   
#ae1 #ageg4 ,) ,mr4 ,baddely to ,ma!rso 
ab\t a n[ 7new7 fl9t-mill ^u a w9dey day
 #a day #cs4 #f;d4 ,m>* #ai dra+ a plann
 #a day #bs4 #f;d4 ,m>* #bc dra+ a plann
 & to sat out ! :eelrace #a day #ds4    

,at ?is "t ,br9dley is also ex]cis+ 8   
wit on an attempt at an improv$         
/eam-eng9e2 b ?\gh 8 ideas are good1 x  
is h>d to br+ !m into cont9u\sly good   
work+ ord]1 & aft] ! close ( entries    
ab\t x 9 8 memor&um-book1 :5 x seems to 
h brok5 d[n = a second "t1 he und]l9es !
 item to ,run ab\t a ,dr9k+ ,is4 #f;d4  
,b he conf9$ 8 despair to ! loss ( a day
 & ! exp5diture ( eighte5 p5ce4 ,n long 
aft]w>d he _h develop$ a pat5t ( 8 own1 
& erect$1 9 #agfc1 = ! ,walk] ,colli]y  
at ,newca/le1 a /eam-eng9e :olly ( iron1
 :i* 0 pron\nc$ ! mo/ complete & noble  
piece ( iron-"w t _h up to t "t be5     
produc$4 ,b ! p]fect+ ( ! /eam-eng9e 0  
!n safe 9 ! h&s ( ,watt1 & ,br9dley _h  
already turn$ into 8 own pa? z ! au?or (
 our ,engli% canal sy/em4  ,! "y ,duke (
 ,bridgewat]1 vex$ 9 love by ! frailty (
 fair woman1 _h abjur$ int]e/ 9 _! sex1 
_h gone d[n to 8 e/ate ( ,worsley1 on ! 
bord]s ( ,*at ,moss1 &1 to give himself 
some?+ m :olesome to ?9k ab\t ?an !     
si/]s ,gunn+ & _! =tunes1 conf]r$ )     

,john ,gilb]t1 8 l& /ew>d1 z to !       
possibility ( cutt+ a canal by :i* !    
coals f\nd ^u 8 ,worsley e/ate might be 
readily tak5 to m>ket at ,man*e/]4      
,man*e/] !n 0 a ris+ t[n1 ( :i* !       
manufactur]s 7 yet unaid$ by !          
/eam-eng9e1 & !re 0 no coal smoke b t   
:i* arose f h\sehold fires4 ,! roads out
 ( ,man*e/] 7 s bad z to be actually    
clos$ 9 w9t]1 & 9 summ] ! coal1 sold at 
! pit m\? by ! horse-load1 0 convey$ on 
horses' backs at an addition to its co/ 
( n9e or t5 %ill+s a ton4  ,:5 ! duke   
discuss$ ) ,gilb]t old ab&on$ & new     
possible s*emes ( wat] conveyance = 8   
,worsley coal1 ,gilb]t advis$ ! call+ 9 
( ! +5i\s ,james ,br9dley ( ,leek1 !    
,s*em]4 ,:5 ! duke came into contact )  
,br9dley1 he at once put tru/ 9 him1 &  
gave him ! direction ( ! propos$ "w2    
:]eupon he 0 reque/$ to base 8 advice ^u
 :at he ent]s 9 8 memor&um-book ( jobs  
done1 z an o*ilor1 7ocul>7 s]vey or a   
ricconit]+4  ,br9dley exam9$ ! gr\nd1 & 
=m$ 8 own plan4 ,he 0 aga9/ c>ry+ !     

canal d[n into ,irwell by a flight (    
locks1 & s up aga9 on ! o!r side to !   
propos$ level1 b c\nsell$ c>ry+ ! canal 
by solid embankm5ts & a /one aqu$uct "r 
ov] ! riv] ^u "o #bdb level ?r\gh\t4 ,! 
duke accept$ 8 op9ion1 & _h plans prep>$
 = a new application to p>liam5t1       
,br9dley (t5 /ay+ ) him at "w & 9       
consultation = weeks toge!r1 :ile /ill  
travell+ to & fro 9 full employm5t ^u   
mills1 wat]-:eels1 cranes1 fire-eng9es1 
& o!r me*anical "w4 ,small z 8 pay 01 he
 liv$ frugally4 ,he _h by ?is "t ev5    
sav$ a little money1 & ga9$ cr$it en\gh 
to be able1 by borr[+ f a fri5d at      
,leek1 to pay betwe5 five & six hundr$  
p\nds = a f\r? %>e ( an e/ate at        
,turnhur/1 9 ,/af=d%ire1 suppos$ by him 
to be full ( m9]als4  ,! ,duke (        
,bridgewat] obta9$ 8 act 9 ! ye> #agfj1 
b ! bold & orig9al "p ( ,br9dley's      
s*eme1 :i* _m ridicul$ z madness1 caus$ 
! duke mu* anxiety4 ,9 ,engl& !re _h    
nev] be5 s great an aqu$uct1 b ! s*eme 0
 n only = ! c>ry+ ( wat] 9 a wat]-tight 

trunk ( e>? ov] an embankm5t1 b also = !
 c>ry+ ( %ips on a bridge ( wat] ov]    
wat]4 ,br9dley _h no misgiv+s4 ,to allay
 ! duke's fe>s1 he sugge/$ call+ 9 &    
que/ion+ ano!r eng9e]1 :o surpris$ ! man
 ( g5ius by end+ an adv]se report ?us3  
,i h (t5 he>d ( ca/les an ! air2 b nev] 
be=e saw :]e any ( !m 7 to be erect$4   
,! duke1 h[ev]1 ) all 8 hesitation1 _h  
mo/ fai? 9 ! head ( ,james ,br9dley1    
bade him g on 9 8 own way1 & resolv$ to 
run ! risk ( failure4 ,& s1 on a bridge 
( ?ree ar*es1 ! canal 0 c>ri$ ov] !     
,irwell by ! ,b>ton aqu$uct1 ?irty-n9e  
feet above ! riv]4 ,! wat] 0 conf9$ )9 a
 puddl$ *annel1 to prev5t leakage1 & !  
"w is at ?is day z s\nd z x 0 :5 fir/   
con/ruct$4 ,= ! safe c>ry+ ( wat] along 
! top ( an e>!n embankm5t1 ,br9dley _h  
reli$ ^u ! reta9+ p[]s ( clay puddle4 ,x
 0 by help also ( clay puddle t he c>ri$
 ! weight ( ! embankm5t safe ov] ! ooze 
( ,traf=d ,moss4  ,) great +5uity1 also1
 ,br9dley provid$ = ! cross+ ( 8 canal  
by /reams int]cept+ its c\rse1 )\t brea*

 ( 8 rule t x is unsafe to let su* wat]s
 freely mix ) ! canal /ream4 ,?us1 to   
provide = ! free passage ( ! ,m$lock )\t
 caus+ a ru% into ! canal1 an +5i\s =m (
 weir 0 contriv$1 ov] :i* its wat]s fl[$
 into a l[] level1 & !nce d[n a well    
sev]al y>ds deep1 lead+ to a subt]ranean
 passage by :i* ! /ream 0 pass$ into !  
,irwell1 ne> at h&4 ,ar?ur ,"y1 :o saw  
,br9dley's canal soon aft] x 0 op5$1    
said t ! :ole plan ( ^! works %[s a     
capacity & ext5t ( m9d :i* =esees       
difficulties1 & inv5ts rem$ies 9        
anticipation ( possible evils4 ,!       
connection & dep5d5ce ( ! p>ts ^u ea*   
o!r are happily imag9$2 & all are ex]t$ 
9 conc]t1 to comm& by e means ! wi%$-=  
success4 ,at ! ,worsley end ,br9dley    
con/ruct$ a bas91 into :i* coal 0 br\ght
 f diff]5t work+s ( ! m9e by a          
subt]ranean wat] *annel4 ,br9dley also  
inv5t$ cranes = ! m ready load+ ( !     
boats1 laid d[n )9 ! m9es a sy/em (     
und]gr\nd railways lead+ f ! face ( !   
coal :]e ! m9]s work$1 to ! wells t he  

_h made at diff]5t po9ts 9 ! tunnels =  
%oot+ ! coal d[n into ! boats wait+     
bel[4 ,he dra9$ & v5tilat$ ) a          
wat]-bell[s ! l[] p>ts ( ! m9e4 ,he     
improv$ ! b>ges1 inv5t$ wat]-weights1   
rais+ dams1 riddles to wa% ! coal = !   
=ges4 ,at ! ,man*e/] end ,br9dley made  
equally +5i\s arrangem5ts = ! easy      
deliv]y ( ! coal at ! top ( ,ca/le      
,hill4 ,at e turn 9 ! "w 8 inv5tive     
g5ius 0 felt4 ,:5 ! want ( lime = !     
masonry 0 a s]i\s imp$im5t1 ,br9dley    
discov]$ h[ to make1 ( a useless1       
unadhesive lime-m>l1 by temp]+ x & ca/+ 
x 9 #bdc m\lds be=e burn+1 an excell5t  
lime1 a contrivance t alone sav$ ! duke 
sev]al ?\s&s ( p\nds co/4 ,:5 ! wat] 0  
let 91 & ! works ev]y:]e /ood firm1 p ( 
fa%ion flock$ to see ,br9dley's canal1 z
 p]haps ! greate/ artificial curiosity 9
 ! _w3 & writ]s spoke 9 gl[+ t]ms ( !   
surprise ) :i* !y saw sev]al b>ges (    
great burd5 drawn by a s+le mule or     
horse along a riv] hung 9 ! air1 ov]    
ano!r riv] fl[+ b5ea?4  ,z = ,man*e/]1 )

 ! price ( coal r$uc$ "o half1 x 0 ready
 to make ! be/ use ( ! /eam-eng9e :5 x 0
 e/abli%$ z ! motive-p[] 9 our          
factories4  ,)9 two mon?s ( ! day1      
sev5te5? ( ,july1 #agfa1 :5 ! fir/      
boat-load ( coals travell$ ov] ! ,b>ton 
viaduct1 ,br9dley's notes te/ify t he 0 
at ,liv]pool recconitor+ & by ! end (   
,septemb] he 0 levell+ = a propos$      
ext5sion ( 8 canal f ,man*e/] to        
,liv]pool1 by jo9+ x ) ! ,m]sey1 eight  
miles bel[ ,w>r+ton ,bridge1 :5ce !re is
 a natural tideway to ,liv]pool1 ab\t   
fifte5 miles di/ant4 ,at t "t !re 0 n   
ev5 a coa* communication ov] ! bad roads
 betwe5 ,man*e/] & ,liv]pool1 ! fir/    
/age-coa* hav+ be5 />t$ six ye>s lat]1  
:5 x requir$ six1 & sometimes eight     
horses to pull x ! ?irty miles along !  
ruts & ?r\gh ! sl\ghs4 ,! coa* />t$ f   
,liv]pool e>ly 9 ! morn+1 breakfa/$ at  
,prescot1 d9$ at ,w>r+ton1 & rea*$      
,man*e/] by supp]-"t4 ,f ,man*e/] to    
,liv]pool x made ! return j\rney next   
day4 ,! ,duke ( ,bridgewat]'s propos$   

canal 0 /rongly oppos$ z an antagoni/   
int]e/ by ! ,m]sey & ,irwell ,navigation
 ,company4 ,! canal promis$ to take     
freights at half ! price *>g$ by !      
,navigation ,company4 ,a son ( ! ,e>l ( 
,d]by took ! "p ( ! ,old ,navigators1 & 
z ! ,duke ( ,bridgewat] 0 a ,:ig1       
,br9dley _h to ent] 9 8 note-book t !   
,toores 7,tories7 _h mad _h 7made head7 
agane ye ,duk4 ,b at la/ 8 entry 03 ad a
 grate ,division ( #abg =t ,duk #ih nos 
= t e ,duke #bi ,me ,jorete1 & ! ,duke's
 cause prosp]$ dur+ ! re/ ( ! conte/4   
,br9dley b\ght a new suit ( clo!s to    
grace 8 "p z pr9cipal eng9e]+ witness = 
! canal1 & hav+ upset 8 m9d = "s days by
 go+ to see ,g>rick play ,ri*>d ! ,?ird1
 7:]e=e he decl>$ aga9/ all fur!r       
indulg5ce 9 t sort ( excitem5t71 he w5t 
to ! committee-room duly provid$ ) a bit
 ( *alk 9 8 pocket1 & made good ! say+ t
 orig9at$ f 8 cle> way ( %[+ :at he     
meant1 ^u ! floor ( ! committee-room1 t 
,br9dley & *alk w\ld g ?r\gh ! _w4 ,:5  
ask$ to produce a draw+ ( a propos$     

bridge1 he said he _h none1 b c\ld      
imm$iately get a model4 ,:]eupon he w5t 
out & b\ght a l>ge *eese1 :i* he br\ght 
into ! committee-room & cut into two    
equal p>ts1 say+1 ,"h is my model4 ,!   
two halves ( ! *eese repres5t$ ! two    
ar*es ( 8 bridge1 ! re/ ( ! "w connect$ 
) !m he built ) pap]1 ) books1 or )     
:atev] he f\nd ready to h&4 ,once :5 he 
_h repeat$ly talk$ ab\t puddl+1 "s ( !  
memb]s wi%$ to "k :at puddl+ 04 ,br9dley
 s5t out = a lump ( clay1 holl[$ x into 
a tr\gh1 p\r$ wat] 91 & %[$ t x leak$   
out4 ,!n he work$ up ! clay ) wat]1 go+ 
?r\gh ! process ( puddl+ 9 m9iature1    
aga9 made a tr\gh ( ! puddl$ clay1 fill$
 x ) wat]1 & %[$ t x 0 wat]-tight4 ,?us 
x is1 he said1 t ,i =m a wat]-tight     
trunk to c>ry wat] ov] riv]s & valleys1 
:]ev] !y cross ! pa? ( ! canal4  ,& s ! 
battle 0 f\ght1 & ! canal works complet$
 at a total #bdd co/ ( two hundr$ &     
tw5ty ?\s& p\nds1 ( :i* ,br9dley 0      
cont5t to take z 8 %>e a rate ( pay bel[
 t ( an ord9>y me*anic at ! pres5t day4 

,! canal yield$ an income :i* ev5tually 
rea*$ eighty ?\s& p\nds a ye>2 b ?ree & 
sixp5ce a day1 & = a great] "p ( ! "t   
half a cr[n a day1 0 ! sal>y ( ! man (  
g5ius by :om x 0 plann$ & execut$4 ,yet 
,br9dley 0 !n able to get a gu9ea a day 
= s]vices to o!rs1 ?\gh f ! ,duke (     
,bridgewat] he nev] took m ?an a gu9ea a
 week1 & _h n always t4 ,! duke 0 inve/+
 all ! money he c\ld raise1 & sometimes 
at 8 wit's end = means to g on ) ! "w4  
,br9dley gave 8 s\l to ! "w = its own   
sake1 & if he _h a few p5ce to buy      
himself 8 d9n] )--"o day he ent]s only  
at+ & dr9k+ #f;d4--he c\ld live1 cont5t 
) hav+ add$ n a /raw's weight ( imp$im5t
 to ! great ent]prise he 0 b5t ) all !  
=ce ( 8 great g5ius ^u a*iev+4 ,x gave  
him ! advantage1 also1 ( be+ able1 z 0  
mo/ conv5i5t1 to treat ) ! duke on equal
 t]ms4 ,he 0 invit$ z a canal mak] to   
,hesse by (f]s ( any paym5t he *ose to  
dem&1 b /uck to ! duke1 :o is said ev5  
to h be5 9 debt to him = travell+ & o!r 
exp5ses1 :i* he _h left unpaid ) !      

answ]1 ,i am mu* m di/ress$ = money ?an 
y2 h[ev]1 z soon z ,i c recov] myself1  
y\r s]vices %all n g unrew>d$4 ,aft]    
,br9dley's sudd5 dea? 8 wid[ appli$ 9   
va9 = sums :i* %e said 7 due to h] late 
husb&4  ,! ,/af=d%ire ,gr& ,trunk       
,canal1 ,br9dley's o!r great "w1 />t$ f 
! duke's canal1 ne> ,runcorn1 pass$     
?r\gh ! salt-mak+ di/ricts ( ,*e%ire & !
 ,pott]y di/rict1 to unite ! ,sev]n ) ! 
,m]sey by "o hundr$ & =ty miles (       
wat]-way4 ,?is canal w5t ?r\gh five     
tunnels1 "o ( !m1 t at ,h>eca/le1 be+   
ne>ly ?ree ?\s& y>ds long1 a feature 9 !
 s*eme acc\nt$ by _m to be z prepo/]\s z
 !y _h call$ 8 =m] ca/le 9 ! air4 ,! "w 
0 done2 br++ ) x traffic1 population1 & 
prosp]ity into _m half-savage midl&     
di/ricts4 ,x gave com=t & ample         
employm5t 9 ! ,pott]y di/rict1 :ile     
trebl+ ! numb]s ( ^? :om x conv]t$1 f a 
half-employ$ & ill-paid set ( savages1  
into a ?riv+ community4  ,once1 :5      
,br9dley 0 demon/rat+ to a committee ( !
 ,h\se ( ,commons ! sup]ior reliabl5ess 

& conv5i5ce ( equable canals z comp>$ ) 
riv]s1 liable to e mis*ance ( flood &   
dr\ght1 he 0 ask$ by a memb]1 ,:at1 !n1 
he took to be ! use ( navigable riv]s8 &
 repli$1 ,to make canal navigations1 to 
be sure6 ,f ! ,gr& ,trunk1 o!r canals   
bran*$1 & yet o!rs 7 laid out by        
,br9dley be=e he di$4 ,he f\nd "t :5 at 
! age ( fifty to m>ry a girl ( n9ete51 &
 ! h\se !n fall+ vacant on ! e/ate (    
,turnhur/1 ( :i* he _h1 = ! sake ( its  
m9]als1 b\ght a f\r? %>e1 & by t "t _h a
 colli]y at "w1 he took 8 wife home z ! 
mi/ress ( t old1 roomy dwell+4 ,he 0    
receiv+ bett] pay !n z ! eng9e] ( ! ,gr&
 ,trunk ,canal1 & 8 new home 0          
conv5i5tly ne> to ! work+s ( its great  
,h>eca/le ,tunnel1 into :i* he & 8      
p>tn]s s5t a %ort bran* canal--( a mile 
& a half long--f _! coal m9e1 :i* 0 only
 a few fields di/ant f 8 h\se4  ,wat]1 t
 made 8 greatness1 0 at la/ ! dea? (    
,br9dley4 ,he got dr5*$ "o day :ile     
survey+ a canal1 w5t ab\t 9 8 wet clo!s1
 & :5 he w5t to b$ at ! inn 0 put betwe5

 damp %eets4 ,?is produc$ ! illness (   
:i* he di$1 at ! age ( fifty-six4 ,x 0 n
 ! fir/ "t t he _h tak5 to 8 b$4        
,sc>cely able to read1 & if he c\ld h   
read1 engag$ on "w s new t no book      
prec$5ts c\ld h #bde help$ him1 :5ev]   
,br9dley _h "s difficulty to ov]come t  
seem$ = a "t insup]able1 he w5t to b$ ^u
 x1 & is kn[n to h /opp$ 9 b$ two or    
?ree days1 till he _h quietly ?\ght x   
all ov]1 & work$ 8 way to ! solution4 ,x
 is said t :5 he lay on 8 dea?-b$ "s    
eag] canal und]tak]s urg$ to see him &  
seek f him ! solution ( a problem4 ,!y  
_h met ) a s]i\s difficulty 9 ! c\rse ( 
_! canal1 & mu/ see ,mr4 ,br9dley & get 
8 advice4 ,!y 7 admitt$1 & told him h[  
at a c]ta9 place !y _h labor$ 9 va9 to  
prev5t _! canal f leak+4 ,!n puddle x1  
murmur$ ,br9dley4 ,sir1 b we h puddl$ x4
 ,!n--& !y 7 almo/ 8 la/ words 9        
life--puddle x aga9--& aga94 ,z he _h   
wisely inve/$ 8 sav+s 9 ,gr& ,trunk     
%>es1 !y & 8 %>e 9 ! colli]y enabl$ him 
to leave ample provision = 8 wid[ & two 

daught]s4  ,z = ! canal sy/em t he      
e/abli%$1 x has n be5 made obsolete by  
its /rong y\ng] bro!r1 ! railway sy/em4 
,! duke's canal is z busy z ev]4 ,n less
 ?an tw5ty million tons ( traffic are at
 ?is date c>ri$ ye>ly ^u ! canals (     
,engl& alone1 & ?is quantity is /eadily 
increas+4  ,we h tak5 ! facts 9 ?is     
acc\nt ( ,br9dley1 f a delightful popul>
 edition ( t "p ( ,mr4 ,smiles's ,lives 
( ! ,eng9e]s :i* tells ( him & ( ! e>li]
 wat] eng9e]s4 ,( ,mr4 ,smiles's ,lives 
( ,george & ,rob]t ,/eph5son !re is a   
popul> edition z a companion volume1 &  
!re9 all may read1 wor?ily told1 ! tale 
( ! f\ndation & ( ! *ief triumphs ( t   
new =m ( eng9e]+ :i* dealt ) wat]1 n by 
! riv]ful1 b by ! bucketful1 & made a   
few buckets ( wat] /rong z a riv] to    
sweep m5 & _! goods & _! cattle 9 a     
mighty torr5t f "o corn] ( ! c\ntry to  
ano!r4  ----  ,f ,*amb]s's ,j\rnal4  ,a 
,,lie4     ,a ?i/le grew 9 a slugg>d's  
cr(t1   ,r\gh & rank ) a ?orny gr[?1    
,) its spott$ leaves1 & its purple fl[]s

   7,blossoms ( ,s91 & bloom ( ,slo?72  
,sl[ly x rip5$ its baneful se$s1   ,&   
away !y w5t 9 swift gray %[]s4    ,b e  
se$ 0 cobweb w+$1   ,& !y spread o'er a 
hundr$ miles ( l&4   ',tis c5turies n[  
s9ce !y fir/ took flight1   ,9 t        
c>eless1 gay1 & mis*iev\s b&1   ,yet    
/ill !y are bloom+ & rip5+ fa/1   ,&    
spread+ _! evil by day & night4   #bdf  
,f ,! ,dubl9 ,review4  ,,*ri/ian ,,art4 
,! ,hi/ory ( our ,"l z exemplifi$ 9     
,works ( ,art2 ) t ( ! ,types1 ,/4 ,john
 ! ,bapti/ & o!r p]sons ( ! ,old & ,new 
,te/am5t4 ,comm5c$ by ! late ,mrs4      
,,jameson2 cont9u$ & complet$ by ,lady  
,,ea/lake4 #b vols4 ,london3 ,longman4  
#ahfd4   ,! s]ies ( works on ,*ri/ian   
,art br\ght out by ! late ,mrs4         
,jameson1 & :i* e>n$ = h] s high a      
reputation z an art critic1 0 conceiv$  
^u a plan ( progressive int]e/ &        
importance4 ,f ,sacr$ & ,leg5d>y ,art1  
publi%$ 9 #ahdh1 %e pass$ to ! special  
leg5ds connect$ ) ,mona/ic ,ord]s1 & 9  
#aheb gave to ! public h] mo/ *>m+      

volume1 entitl$ ,leg5ds ( ! ,madonna4 ,!
 s]ies 0 to h clos$ ) ! subject ( !     
volume n[ be=e u1 & "s progress _h be5  
made by ,mrs4 ,jameson 9 collect+ notes 
on v>i\s pictures1 :51 9 ! spr+ ( #ahfj1
 dea? cut h] labors %ort4 ,! "w1 h[ev]1 
has pass$ into h&s well able to complete
 x wor?ily4 ,we may miss "s ( ! fre%ness
 & g5u9e simplicity ) :i* ,mrs4 ,jameson
 0 wont to transf] to pap] r>e          
impression made on h] m9d & he>t2 b     
,lady ,ea/lake1 :ile br++ to h] task !  
ess5tial qualification ( e>ne/ness &    
exhibit+ consid]able grace & =ce ( /yle1
 is possess$ ( a f> wid] & m critical   
acqua9tance ) ! hi/ory ( art ?an h]     
amiable pr$ecessor ei!r _h or pret5d$ to
 h4 ,x is pleasant to f9d 9 ^! pages1 z 
9 ^? :i* prec$$ !m1 ! evid5ce ( a desire
 to avoid controv]sial matt]2 & t1 )\t  
compromise ( p]sonal conviction1 c>e has
 be5 g5]ally tak5 n to w\nd ! feel+s (  
^? :o diff] f ! writ] 9 religi\s belief4
 ,! prim>y object ( ! "w is ae/hetic &  
arti/ic1 n religi\s2 & x is seldom t !  

laws ( good ta/e are transgress$ 9 its  
pages by gratuit\s attacks ^u ! t5ets ( 
! great body ( arti/s :o are ! imm$iate 
subject ( criticism4 ,inde$1 consid]+ t 
^! volumes are ! production ( a         
,prote/ant1 we ?9k t less ( ,prote/ant  
animus c\ld h>dly be %[n1 at all        
consi/5tly ) hone/y ( purpose &         
frankness ( spee*4 ,t no traces ( !     
,prote/ant _s %\ld appe>1 w\ld be next  
to an impossibility2 & ! affectation (  
,ca?olic feel+1 :]e x did n exi/1 w\ld  
be (f5sive f its v unreality4 ,s mu*    
self-control 9 trav]s+ a va/ ext5t (    
delicate & dang]\s gr\nd des]ves all ! m
 he>ty ackn[l$gm5t1 z x mu/ h be5       
peculi>ly difficult to a p]son ( ,lady  
,ea/lake's ard5t temp]am5t & evid5t     
/r5g? ( conviction4 ,if1 !re=e1 9 !     
c\rse ( our rem>ks1 we feel b\nd to po9t
 out ! evil influ5ce :i* ,lady          
,ea/lake's religi\s views seem to u to h
 ex]cis$ on h] critical appreciations1 x
 w be und]/ood t !ories1 n p]sons1 are !
 object ( our animadv]sions4 ,x is at   

all times an ungrateful task to expose !
 weak po9ts ( an au?or2 x w\ld be       
especially ung5]\s to be h>d ^u !       
%ortcom+s ( "o :o has done su* good     
s]vice to ! cause ( tru?1 9 prov+1 h[ev]
 unconsci\sly1 by ! m]e ex]cise (       
p]si/5t c&or1 ! id5tity ( ,*ri/ian &    
,ca?olic art4 ,ca?olics1 inde$1 d n     
ord9>ily /& 9 ne$ ( su* pro(4 ,if !y "k 
any?+ ( art1 ! fact ( ?is id5tity mu/ be
 ) !m an e>ly discov]y2 b x is gratify+1
 especially 9 a "t & c\ntry 9 :i* scant 
ju/ice on su* matt]s is too (t5 dealt   
out to u1 to be able to adduce a #bdg   
te/imony ! m valuable because giv5 9    
despite ( an adv]se bias4 ,x is q       
possible1 inde$1 t ! writ] has n p]ceiv$
 ! full import ( h] "w2 b no "o1 we ?9k1
 c /udy h] examples or weigh ! =ce ( h] 
criticism ) out com+ to ! true          
conclusion ^u ?is subject4  ,b1 be=e    
e/abli%+ ! correctness ( ?is ass]tion1  
we mu/ draw att5tion to "o po9t ^u :i*  
we are at issue ) ,lady ,ea/lake3 a     
po9t1 moreov]1 ( no small importance1 z 

x vitally affects ! value ( a l>ge "p ( 
h] criticisms4 ,a "q arises at ! outset1
 :at /&>d or te/ ( ,*ri/ian art is to be
 set up2 & ,lady ,ea/lake makes an      
excell5t />t 9 ! inve/igation4 ,!re is1 
p]haps1 no pr9ciple s /eadily kept 9    
view ?r\gh\t ! "w1 or s (t5 & e>ne/ly   
insi/$ on1 z ?is3 t g5u9e ,*ri/ian art &
 true ,*ri/ian doctr9e are intimately & 
ess5tially connect$4 ,art is b\nd to    
depict only ! tru? 9 fact or doctr9e    
7vol4 ii41 p4 #bff1 note74 ,dep>ture f  
s\nd !ology involves h]esy 9 art4 ,n[1  
no pr9ciple c be m true ?an ?is1 or (   
great] importance t[>d =m+ a correct    
judgm5t ^u works pr(ess+ to belong to   
,*ri/ian art4 ,beauty & tru? are        
objectively id5tical1 = beauty is only  
tru? light$ up & h>moniz$ by ! reason2 &
 to sup]natural beauty1 :i* ,*ri/ian art
 ess5tially aims at express+1           
sup]natural tru? mu/ necess>ily         
correspond4 ,= "h we h no?+ to d ) m]e  
mat]ial beauty1 ! glories ( color1 !    
feats ( anatomical skill1 ! *>ms (      

*i>oscuro1 ! revels ( free h&l+4        
,admirable z ^! are 9 !mselves1 & by no 
means1 !oretically at lea/1 injuri\s to 
,*ri/ian art1 !y belong prop]ly to art z
 art1 & are m or less sep>able f art z  
,*ri/ian4 ,*ri/ian art is nev] p]fect z 
art1 unless mat]ial beauty ent]s into ! 
composition2 b z ,*ri/ianity is above   
art1 & ! s\l sup]ior to ! body1 s       
mat]ial beauty mu/ nev] =get its place1 
nev] /rive to obta9 ! ma/]y1 or         
con/itute itself ! *ief aim ( ! arti/1  
^u pa9 ( total de/ruction ( ! ,*ri/ian  
elem5t4 ,! s\l ( ,*ri/ian art is 9 !    
idea--! %ad[+ out by symbol or          
repres5tation1 "u mat]ial =ms &         
conditions1 ( immat]ial1 sup]natural1   
ev5 uncreat$ beauty1 ! beauty ( heav5ly 
virtue1 or heav5ly my/]y or div9ity     
itself4 ,b h[ are ^! objects1 9 all _!  
h>mony1 proportion1 & spl5dor1 to be    
realiz$--h[ is sup]natural beauty to be 
conceiv$--except by a s\l gift$ )       
sup]natural p]ceptions8 ,fai?1 at lea/1 
is indisp5sably requisite to !          

tru?fulness ( any arti/ic "w int5d$ to  
repres5t ! sup]natural4 ,)\t fai?1      
di/ortion & c>icature are inevitable4 ,)
 fai?--! f\ndation ( all k ( !          
sup]natural 9 ?is life--mu*1 v mu*1 may 
be accompli%$4 ,b x is :5 fai?1 enliv5$ 
& p]fect$ by sup]natural love1 ex]cises 
itself 9 contemplation1 t ! spiritual   
sight becomes ke51 & ! s\l1 f hav+      
simply a j appreciation1 passes to a    
vision ( exquisite beauty1 sublimity1 & 
t5d]ness1 :i* a high] p]ception ( div9e 
my/]ies has laid op5 to its gaze4 ,! h& 
may falt]1 & be fai?less to ! m5tal     
conception1 s z to produce imp]fect     
execution & inadequate arti/ic result4  
,fai? & love d n make a man an arti/4   
,b1 amid/ de=mity or pov]ty ( art 9 !   
mat]ial elem5t1 if !re is any1 h[ev]    
slight1 arti/ic p[] employ$1 ! outw>d   
defects w be qualifi$1 & almo/ trans=m$1
 to ! eye ( an appreciat+ spectator1    
?r\gh ! inn] p[] :i* speaks f ! pa9t]'s 
s\l to 8 own3 j z we le>n to ov]look1 or
 ev5 to admire1 pla9 features1 & any?+  

%ort ( positive ugl9ess ( outl9e1 9 ^?  
^: m5tal greatness & moral beauty we h  
le>n$ to v5]ate & to love4 ,on ! o!r h&1
 any am\nt ( mat]ial p]fection 9 cont\r 
& color is insipid z a doll1 #bdh a m]e 
mask ( no?+ness1 incapable ( arre/+     
att5tion or captivat+ ! he>t1 unless )9 
!re be a s\l ( beauty--t inw>d excell5ce
 :i* subord9ates to itself1 :ile x gives
 life & mean+ to1 ! outw>d =m4 ,on !    
side ( ! object1 tru?2 on ! "p ( !      
spectator1 fai? & love--^! are ! palm>y 
conditions ( ,*ri/ian art & its         
appreciation4 ,= x mu/ ev] be rememb]$ t
 sup]natural tru? lies beyond ! k5 ( any
 b s\ls elevat$ by fai?2 &1 :at is (    
equal importance1 t fai? c h no o!r     
object ?an ! tru?4 ,its object is       
infallible tru?1 or x is n fai?4 ,no    
wond]1 !n1 t1 :5 we see a prodigality ( 
manual skill & grace ( =m1 & ev5 moral  
beauty ( ! natural ord]1 devoid ( !     
inspiration ( sup]natural fai? & love1  
we are =c$ to exclaim ) ,/4 ,gregory1 z 
he gaz$ on ! fair ,saxon y\?s1 ,heit    

proh dolor6 quod tam lucidi vultus      
hom9es t5ebr>um auctor possid]et1       
tantaque gratia frontis conspicui m5tem 
ab aet]na gratia vacuam ge/>5t4         
,footnote #ea ,alas6 t s mu* physical   
beauty %\ld embody no?+ b a pagan idea6 
,x 7 z unreasonable to look = ,*ri/ian  
art z ! product ( an h]etical           
imag9ation1 z to dem& ,*ri/ian eloqu5ce 
or ,*ri/ian poetry f an h]etical prea*] 
or a free-?9k+ poet4 ,! vision is want+1
 ! appreciation is n !re--h[1 !n1 is !  
expression possible8    ,footnote #ea3  
,alas6 :at pa9 x is to ?9k t m5 ( su*   
bright c\nt5ance %\ld be ! possession ( 
! ,pr9ce (   ,d>kness2 & t ?\gh         
conspicu\s = surpris+ grace (   feature1
 !y %\ld be> a s\l )9 unt5ant$ by       
ev]la/+   grace4  ,nor is ?is a m]e     
ab/ract !ory1 erect$ on  a priori       
pr9ciples4 ,x w\ld be easy to v]ify our 
position by a l>ge induction f ! hi/ory 
( art4 ,is !re a picture ^: mute        
eloqu5ce fills ! s\l ) rev]5tial awe1 or
 holy joy1 or sup]natural calm1 or deep1

 deep sympa?y ) ! suff]+s ( our ,"l1 or 
! sorr[s ( 8 ,immaculate ,"m1 we may be 
sure ! pa9t] 0 "s humble s\l1 ascetical 
& pi\s1 :o1 l ,juan de ,joanes1 or      
,zurb>an1 sp5t 8 days 9 lifelong        
seclusion1 giv5 up to ! grave & holy    
?\ghts :i* _! pictures utt] to u2 or t  
o!r ,spani>d1 ,luis de ,v>gas1 fam$     
alike = 8 au/]ity & amiable ,*ri/ian    
gaiety2 or a ,sass(]rato1 or a ,van     
,eyck1 seek+ 91 holy communion ! peace (
 s\l :i* c alone reflect ! calmness (   
sanctity1 or ! bliss ( cele/ial sc5es2  
or ! holy fri>1 ,john ( ,fiesoli1 kn[n  
to all z ! ,angelic ^: h]oic humility & 
,*ri/ian simplicity1 le>n$ 9 a life (   
pray] & contemplation1 inve/ 8 pictures 
) an une>?ly *>m4 ,^!1 & _m ano!r pi\s  
pa9t]1 kn[n or unkn[n by "n to m51 look$
 on _! vocation z a holy tru/1 & s\ght  
to keep !mselves unspott$ f ! _w4 ,!irs 
0 ! practical maxim s de> to ! bless$   
,angelico1 t ^? :o "w = ,*ri/ mu/ dwell 
9 ,*ri/4 ,on ! o!r h&1 does a picture1  
albeit ,*ri/ian 9 subject & 9 "n1 (f5d u

 by false s5tim5t1 or cold              
conv5tionalism1 or s5suality1 or        
affectation1 or /ra9 aft] !atrical      
effect1 or any ( ! hundr$ =ms :i*       
degrad$ art exhibits :5 x has w&]$ f !  
,*ri/ian type--we "k t we are look+ on !
 h&iwork ( "s s*ismatic ,greek1 or mod]n
 ,prote/ant2 or t1 if ! pa9t] be a      
,ca?olic1 he liv$ 9 ! days or wr\ght "u 
! influ5ce ( ! ,r5aissance1 :5 paganism 
made its deadly inroads ^u art1         
sub/itut+ ! _s ( voluptu\sness = ! sweet
 & au/]e graces t spr+ ( div9e *>ity2 or
 "u ! blight+ influ5ce ( ,jans5ism1 :i* 
kill$ alike t que5ly virtue & h] si/]   
humility by false asceticism & ph>isaic 
rigor4 ,we might ev5 tru/ ! decision z  
to ! tru?fulness ( our view to an       
inspection ( ! examples ) :i* ,lady     
,ea/lake has s abundantly illu/rat$ h]  
volumes4 ,inde$1 hi!rto h] pr9ciple &   
ours are "o4  #bdi  ,b un=tunately1 ?\gh
 ! major premise ( ! art-syllogism is   
grant$ on bo? sides1 ,lady ,ea/lake     
adopts a m9or1 f :i* we utt]ly diss5t4  

,x is impli$ 9 "o & all ( ! foll[+      
/atem5ts1 & is m or less int]wov5 ) !   
:ole /aple ( h] "w4 ,%e tells u t !     
mat]ials = ?is hi/ory 9 art are only    
prop]ly d]ivable f ,scripture1 & !re=e  
ref]able back to ! same s\rce =         
v]ification 7vol4 i41 p4 #c74 ,& aga93  
,x may be at once laid d[n z a pr9ciple1
 t ! int]e/s ( art & ! integrity (      
,scripture by integrity is meant lit]al 
adh]5ce to ! text ( ,scripture are      
indissolubly unit$4 ,:]e sup]/ition     
m+les1 ! quality ( ,*ri/ian art suff]s2 
:]e d\bt ent]s1 ,*ri/ian art has no?+ to
 d4 ,x may ev5 be av]r$ t1 if a p]son   
c\ld be imag9$1 deeply imbu$ ) ae/hetic 
in/9cts & k1 & utt]ly ignorant (        
,scripture1 he w\ld yet intuitively     
pref]1 z art1 all ^? conceptions ( our  
,"l's hi/ory :i* adh]e to ! simple text4
 4 4 4 ,all pref]5ce = ! simple n>rative
 ( ,scripture he w\ld arrive at ?r\gh   
art--all condemnation ( ! embroid]ies ( 
leg5d ?r\gh ! same *annel 7vol4 i41 p4  
#f74 ,& aga93 ,! simplicity ( art & ( ! 

,gospel /& or fall toge!r4 ,! lit]al    
n>rative ( ! agony 9 ! g>d5 lo/ sight (1
 all became confusion & error 7vol4 ii41
 p4 #cj74  ,n[1 :atev] obscurity &      
confusion ^! passages conta9--& !y d    
conta9 a great deal--"o ?+ is           
unmi/akably cle>1 t ! or?odoxy ( !      
ultra-,prote/ant maxim1 ,! ,bible & !   
,bible only1 is a fix$ pr9ciple ) ,lady 
,ea/lake4 ,& ! consequ5ce is1 t1 :5ev]  
%e looks at a religi\s picture1 %e ref]s
 to ! ,gospel n>rative = its            
v]ification4 ,if x does n /& ?is te/1 x 
is n[h]e 9 h] e/eem4 ,:at is n 9        
,scripture is leg5d>y & un>ti/ic1       
because necess>ily at v>iance )         
scriptural tru?4 ,?us :ole prov9ces (   
art 9 connection ) our ,"l are bani%$ f 
h] pages4 ,surely su* a canon ( ta/e is 
n only n>r[1 b arbitr>y3 n>r[1 z exclud+
 :atev] comes d[n to u hall[$ by        
tradition1 consid]$ ap>t f or beyond !  
limits ( scriptural /atem5t2 arbitr>y1  
because x leaves art at ! m]cy ( !      
sects1 ) _! manifold diss5sions z to !  

ext5t ( ,scripture1 or its true         
int]pretation4 ,?us1 ,lady ,ea/lake1 be+
 h]self no believ] 9 ! doctr9e ( ! real 
pres5ce1 does n recognize its           
enunciation 9 ! sacr$ pages1 & loses1   
app>5tly1 all int]e/ 9 ! great pictures 
:i* symbolize or relate to ! mo/ holy   
sacram5t ( ! alt>4 ,s1 too1 mo/ ( !     
special devotions to ! p]son ( our ,"l1 
:i* h sprung out ( ! liv+ fai? ( ! *ur*1
 & h furni%$ subjects = pictures        
inconte/ably ( a high ord]1 are totally 
omitt$ f h] classification ( devotional 
compositions4 ,we c h>dly imag9e x      
possible = h] to adh]e consi/5tly to h] 
rule 9 o!r dep>tm5ts ( ,*ri/ian art4 ,! 
,immaculate ,conception1 = in/ance1 !   
,assumption1 ! ,coronation ( our ,lady1 
! m>riage ( ,/4 ,ca!r9e1 ! /igmata ( ,/4
 ,francis1 ! vision ( ,/4 ,dom9ic1 !    
miracles ( ! sa9ts--subjects1 _m ( :i* h
 inspir$ "s ( ! noble/ productions ( h] 
favorite ,fra ,angelico1 or ( ,raphael1 
or ,murillo1 or ,velasquez--und\bt$ly d 
viol5ce to h] crit]ia ( arti/ic m]it1   

?\gh we _c believe t %e w\ld conte/ _!  
univ]sally ackn[l$g$ claim to ! highe/  
honors 9 ,*ri/ian art4 ,inde$1 fidelity 
to ?is n>r[ ,prote/ant maxim w\ld h     
r5d]$ ^! two volumes an impossibility4  
,/range1 !n1 t x %\ld n h occurr$ to !  
m9d ( ! au?oress t by f> ! l>g] "p1 &1  
on h] own %[+1 ! mo/ glori\s "p1 ( !    
frat]nity ( ,*ri/ian arti/s h be5 m5    
full to ov]fl[+ ( ! _s ( a *ur* :i* has 
nev] adopt$ h] /&>d ( or?odoxy4  #bej   
,! ,ca?olic ,*ur* is at once ! p>5t1    
hi/orically1 ( all ,*ri/ian art & !     
uphold] ( t gr& pr9ciple ( tradition :i*
 gives to art1 no less ?an to doctr9e1 a
 range f> wid] & m ample ?an ! m]e lett]
 ( ! biblical records4 ,( c\rse1        
contradiction ( ,scripture1 or          
alt]ations ( ! text1 :i*1 h[ev] slight1 
affect ! reveal$ "* ( our ,"l1 mu/ give 
(f5ce to e judici\s critic2 b x is      
tradition & ! voice ( ! liv+            
,*ur*--toge!r ) t in/9ctive s5se ( !    
fai?ful :i*1 s long z !y live 9         
submission to _! div9ely-appo9t$ tea*]s1

 is s m>vell\sly true & un]r+--t mu/ be 
! crit]ia ( or?odoxy1 & det]m9e :5 !    
arti/'s conceptions or mode ( treatm5t  
are contr>y to1 or 9 accordance )1 ! _s 
( ! sacr$ text4  ,lady ,ea/lake does n l
 ! notion ( our ,"l's fall+ "u ! cross4 
,x is n 9 ! ,bible1 & %e pron\nces x to 
be c\nt] to ! _s & purport ( ! ,gospel  
n>rative4 ,%e gr[s positively angry ) "s
 pa9t]s = hav+ repres5t$ an angel hold+ 
! *alice1 surm\nt$ by a cross or ho/1   
be=e ! eyes ( our bless$ ,r$eem] 9 8    
agony4 ,%e has h] own /&>d ( feel+1     
ab/ract & arbitr>y1 to :i* %e ref]s !   
decision ( su* po9ts4 ,b :]e is !       
gu>antee = ! correctness ( t /&>d1 or ! 
security = its g5]al acceptance8 ,!     
,bible does n tell u :at its own _s &   
purport are1 & outside ! ,bible ,lady   
,ea/lake1 at lea/1 _c po9t to any       
infallible au?ority4 ,%e is1 !re=e1     
impos+ h] own judgm5t1 unsupport$ by any
 assign$ reason1 ^u ! _w1 z a rule to be
 foll[$4 ,s1 too1 ,/4 ,v]onica to h] is 
always de trop1 morally & pictorially1 9

 ! ,way ( ! ,cross2 & s*ola/ic          
int]pretations1 seem+ly because !y are  
s*ola/ic1 ( ! types ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1  
are inv>iably pron\nc$ by h] to be      
/ra9$1 unreal1 & sup]/iti\s4 ,s         
effectually does ,prote/antism int]f]e )
 ! capacity ( a critic to appreciate !  
high] developm5ts & full] expression (  
,*ri/ian art4  ,n t a ,prote/ant or a   
free-?9k] c h no s5se at all ( !        
sup]naturally beautiful4 ,if !y are     
tra9$ to a high degree ( moral &        
intellectual cultivation 9 ! natural    
ord]1 & 9 proportion to ! height ( _!   
atta9m5ts 9 t ord]1 !y w n fail to be   
affect$ by beauty ( a sup]ior ord]4 ,=  
!re is no contradiction betwe5 ! tru? ( 
nature & ! tru? :i* is above nature4 ,! 
,prote/ant1 inde$1 z s9c]ely hold+ l>ge 
fragm5ts ( ,*ri/ian tru?1 w necess>ily h
 mu* sympa?y ) _m exhibitions (         
sup]natural beauty4 ,b he lacks ! clue  
to x z a :ole2 & if he c (t5 admire1    
r>ely1 if ev]1 c he create4 ,bo?        
,prote/ant & unbeliev] mu/ !re=e labor  

"u mu* vagu5ess & unc]ta9ty ( judgm5t1  
inasmu* z !y c h no fixity ( pr9ciple4  
,(t5 !y w n "k :at !y want2 !y w praise 
9 "o page :at !y condemn 9 ! next2 or1  
:5 mov$1 w be at a loss to acc\nt = _!  
emotion4 ,!y w exhibit ph5om5a n unlike 
^? s (t5 pres5t$ 9 ?is c\ntry by        
unbeliev]s1 :o1 ent]+ our *ur*es1 are "o
 :ile ov]aw$ by a pres5ce !y _c def9e1 &
 :i* bewild]s _! intellect1 :il/ x      
captivates _! imag9ation2 & ano!r :ile1 
z unacc\ntably1 are mov$ to disgu/ &    
d]ision by :at to !m is an insoluble    
riddle1 a p]plexity1 & an annoyance4 ,to
 su* critics "s phases ( ! sup]natural w
 nev] be welcome4 ,! tortures ( !       
m>tyrs1 ! self-inflict$ mac]ations (    
ascetics1 ! sublime self-ab&onm5t (     
h]oic *>ity--:atev]1 9 a ^w1 embodies & 
br+s home ! gr&1 sacr$1 b1 to ! natural 
man1 repugnant idea ( ! cross1 w always 
be (f5sive1 & produce a s5se (          
irritation1 su* z ev5 ,lady ,ea/lake1 ) 
all h] #bea self-ma/]y & good ta/e1 _c  
:olly suppress or conceal4 ,s true is x 

9 ! sph]e ( ,*ri/ian art1 z 9 t (       
,*ri/ian doctr9e & devotion1 ,nisi      
cr$id]itis1 non intelligetis4 ,casual   
excitem5t1 transi5t en?usiasm1 unmean+  
admiration1 are at be/ ! pitiful        
sub/itutes = an intellig5t & abid+      
appreciation ( excell5ce1 9 ^? :o are n 
possess$ ( sup]natural ideas 9 common ) 
! subjects & au?ors ( ! works ( g5u9e   
,*ri/ian art4  ,x w\ld be unfair1 h[ev]1
 n to m5tion t ,lady ,ea/lake admits _m 
important modifications ( ?is rigid     
pr9ciple ( adh]5ce to ! lett] (         
,scripture4 ,! foll[+ second>y canons g 
f> to s(t5 d[n ! asp]ity ( h]           
,prote/antism4 ,!y %all be /at$ 9 h] own
 words3  ,on ! o!r h&1 additions to     
,scripture giv5 9 positive images1 if   
nei!r prejudicial to art nor inconsi/5t 
) our ,"l's "*1 are n 9 !mselves        
necess>ily objectionable2 b w1 accord+  
to _! m]its1 be look$ ^u ) indulg5ce or 
admiration4 ,! pictures1 = in/ance1     
repres5t+ ! disrob+ ( our ,"l--a fact n 
told 9 ,scripture1 yet :i* mu/ h        

happ5$--w be reg>d$ ) pa!tic int]e/4 ,! 
same w be felt ( ,paul ,del>o*e's       
exquisite little picture1 :]e ,/4 ,john 
is lead+ ! ,virg9 home2 = su* works     
legitimately refre% & c>ry on ! n>rative
 9 a scriptural _s4 ,nay1 episodes :i*  
are m purely inv5tion--su* z ! anci5t   
tradition ( ! ,"m ( ,*ri/ wrapp+ ! clo? 
r\nd h] son1 previ\s to 8 crucifixion2  
or1 aga91 ! picture by ,paul ,del>o*e1 (
 ! agony ( h] & ( ! disciples1 repres5t$
 z ga!r$ toge!r 9 a room :ile ,*ri/     
passes ) 8 cross--ev5 su* imag9>y       
episodes w sil5ce ! mo/ arrant          
,prote/ant criticism1 by _! ov]p[]+     
appeal to ! feel+s2 s9ce 9 nei!r case is
 ! great duty ( art to itself or to its 
div9e object tamp]$ )4  ,! same holds   
good :]e symbolical =ms1 z 9 ,*ri/ian   
art ( classic desc5t1 are giv51 :i*     
embody ! idea r ?an ! fact4 ,= in/ance1 
:]e ! ,jordan is repres5t$ z a riv] god1
 ) 8 urn "u 8 arm1 at ! baptism ( our   
,"l2 or :51 lat]1 ! same ev5t is        
accompani$ by ! pres5ce ( angels1 :o    

hold ! ,savi\r's g>m5ts4 ,su* p>aphrases
 & poetical imag9+s 9 no way affect !   
tru? ( ! facts !y set =?1 b r1 to mortal
 fancy1 swell _! pomp & dignity4  ,/ill 
less ne$ ! lov] ( art & ador] ( ,*ri/   
c>e ab\t inconsi/5cies 9 m9or matt]s4   
,z1 = example1 t ! entombm5t takes place
 9 a r5aissance monum5t1 9 ! c5tre ( a  
beautiful ,italian l&scape1 & n 9 a cave
 9 a rock 9 ! arid sc5]y ( ,judea4 ,on !
 contr>y1 x is "r t art %\ld ex]cise !  
utmo/ possible fre$om 9 su*             
circum/ances1 :i* are ! signs & h&writ+ 
( diff]5t s*ools & times1 & enri* a     
picture ) s\rces ( int]e/ to ! hi/orian 
& ! ar*aeologi/4 ,x is ! moral          
expression :i* t\*es ! he>t & adorns !  
tale1 n ! ar*itecture or co/ume2 & :e!r 
our ,"l be 9 ! g>b ( a ,roman citiz5 or 
( a ,g]man burgh] 7?\gh 8 dress is      
usually conv5tional 9 color & =m71 x    
matt]s n1 if he be b ,god 9 all4  ,!    
arbitr>9ess ( ! pr9ciples set =? 9 !    
e>li] portion ( ?is passage1 & ! quiet  
assumption t all anci5t traditions are  

pure inv5tions1 may well be excus$ by ! 
read] = ! sake ( ! inconsi/5cy :i* saves
 f condemnation n a few glori\s         
pictures1 :i* c\ld nev] o!rwise h be5   
made to squ>e ) ! rule ( lit]al adh]5ce 
to ! ,gospel n>rative4  ,ano!r pr9ciple 
ess5tial to ! "r appreciation ( art is  
admirably /at$ by ,lady ,ea/lake3  ,all 
w agree t ! duty ( ! ,*ri/ian arti/ is  
to give n only ! #beb tempor>y fact1 b !
 p]man5t tru?4 ,yet ?is entails a       
discrepancy to :i* some?+ mu/ be        
sacrific$4 ,=1 9 ! sc5es f our ,"l's    
life1 fact & tru? are frequ5tly at      
v>iance4 ,t ! ,magdal5 took our ,"l = a 
g>d5]1 0 ! fact2 t he 0 ,*ri/1 is !     
tru?4 ,t ! ,roman soldi]s believ$ him to
 be a crim9al1 & !re=e mock$ & buffet$  
him )\t scruple1 is ! fact2 t we "k him 
?r\gh all ^! sc5es to be ! ,*ri/1 is !  
tru?4 ,nay1 ! v cruci=m nimbus t        
encircles ,*ri/'s head is an ass]tion ( 
?is pr9ciple4 ,z visible to u1 x is     
true2 z visible ev5 to 8 disciples1 x is
 false4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 educat$ p s    

little v]s$ 9 ! conditions ( art1 z to  
object ev5 to ! nimbus1 z a dep>ture f  
fact1 &1 !re=e1 an (f5ce to tru?2       
pref]r+1 !y say1 to see our ,"l         
repres5t$ z he walk$ ^u e>?4 ,b ?is is a
 fallacy 9 m ?an "o s5se4 ,our ,"l1 z he
 walk$ ^u e>?1 0 n kn[n to be !         
,messiah4 ,to give him z he 0 se5 by m5 
:o knew him n1 w\ld be to give him n z !
 ,*ri/4 ,x may be urg$ t ! cruci=m      
nimbus is a m]e arbitr>y sign1 no?+ 9   
itself m ?an a comb9ation ( l9es4 ,?is  
is true2 b !re mu/ be some?+ arbitr>y 9 
all human imag9+s 7we %\ld pref] to say 
symboliz+s7 ( ! sup]natural4 ,art1 =    
ages1 assum$ ?is sign z t ( ! ,godhead (
 ,*ri/1 & ! _w = ages grant$ x4 ,x s]v$ 
v>i\s purposes2 x h$g$ ! rude/          
repres5tations ( ,*ri/ r\nd ) a div9ity1
 :i* kept !m di/9ct f all o!rs4 ,x po9t$
 him out to ! mo/ ignorant spectator1 & 
x id5tifi$ ! sacr$ head1 ev5 at a       
di/ance4  ,?is pr9ciple may1 inde$1 be  
legitimately ext5d$ mu* fur!r4 ,!       
purpose ( ,*ri/ian art is in/ruction1   

ei!r 9 morals or 9 dogma1 or 9 bo?4 ,x  
is n1 !re=e1 a s9 9 art to sacrifice ^u 
occasion "s portion ( hi/orical tru?1 9 
subs]vi5ce to ?is end4 ,nor 9 fact1 9   
,ca?olic ages1 0 !re dang] ( ! p be+ l$ 
into error on ! fundam5tal facts (      
religion4 ,! ,gospel n>rative 0 too     
famili> to !m = t4 ,!y seem1 z is well  
rem>k$ by ,fa!r ,cahi]1 to h _h he>ts m 
elevat$ ?an ours1 & m attun$ by         
m$itation & habitual ca?olicity ( _s to 
my/]y1 & its sublim] lessons2 & !re=e1  
:5ev] we f9d 9 e>ly pa9t+s :at seems to 
u anomal\s 9 an hi/oric po9t ( view1 we 
may conclude ) safety t !re 0 a dogmatic
 int5tion4  ,!re are1 h[ev]1 limits to  
lib]ties ( ?is k9d1 :i* may n be        
transgress$ )\t incurr+ c5sure4 ,ov]bold
 speculation has ere n[ betray$ ev5     
or?odox !ologians into accid5tal error4 
,& a ,ca?olic arti/ may depict1 z a     
,ca?olic s*oolman may enunciate1 views  
:i* des]ve to be /igmatiz$ z ra%1       
(f5sive1 errone\s1 sc&al\s1 or ev51 9   
!mselves1 h]etical4 ,!re h be5 occasions

 9 :i* ! ,*ur* has felt h]self b\nd to  
int]f]e ) w&]+s ( ! arti/ic imag9ation1 
z injuri\s1 morally or doctr9ally1 to ! 
fai?ful committ$ to h] *>ge4 ,nor h     
!ologians fail$ to prote/ f "t to "t    
aga9/ simil> abuses4 ,bell>m9e fr[n$ ^u 
! muse 9 ,*ri/ian art4 ,savon>ola1 9 8  
be/ days1 made op5 w> ^u ! pagan        
corruptions :i* 9 8 "t _h begun to ab\nd
 9 ,flor5t9e pa9t+s4 ,fa!r ,canisius    
d5\nces ^? pa9t]s z inexcusable :o1 9 ! 
face ( ,scripture1 repres5t our ,lady z 
swoon+ at ! foot ( ! cross2 & ,fa!r de  
,ligny reprobates1 on ! same gr\nds1 !  
introduction ( ,/4 ,joseph into pictures
 ( ! meet+ betwe5 ! ,bless$ ,virg9 & ,/4
 ,elizabe?4 ,=--:atev] we may ?9k z to 8
 hav+ accompani$ our ,lady on !         
j\rney--_h he be5 pres5t at ! int]view1 
he w\ld h be5 enlight5$ ^u ! my/]y1 8   
ignorance ( :i* aft]w>d ?rew him into   
su* p]plexity4  #bec  ,z to ! ord] ( !  
"w1 ,lady ,ea/lake gives ample          
explanation 9 ! preface3  ,9 ! %ort     
programme left by ,mrs4 ,jameson1 !     

ideal & devotional subjects1 su* z !    
,good ,%eph]d1 ! ,lamb1 ! ,second ,p]son
 ( ! ,tr9ity1 7 plac$ fir/2 ! scriptural
 hi/ory ( our ,"l's life on e>? next2 &1
 la/ly1 ! types f ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,!re 
is reason1 h[ev]1 to believe1 f !       
evid5ce ( :at %e _h already writt51 t %e
 w\ld h dep>t$ f ?is arrangem5t4 ,aft]  
mu* delib]ation1 ,i h v5tur$ to d s1 &  
to place ! subjects *ronologically4 ,!  
"w comm5ces1 !re=e1 ) t :i* heads mo/   
sy/ems ( ,*ri/ian art--,! ,fall (       
,lucif] & ,creation ( ! ,_w--foll[$ by !
 types & prophets ( ! ,old ,te/am5t4    
,next comes ! hi/ory ( ! ,innoc5ts & (  
,john ! ,bapti/1 writt5 by h] own h&1 & 
lead+ to ! ,life & ,passion ( our ,"l4  
,! ab/ract & devotional subjects1 z gr[+
 out ( ^! mat]ials1 !n foll[1 & ! "w    
t]m9ates ) ! ,la/ ,judgm5t4  ,mrs4      
,jameson's own %>e 9 ! "w is conf9$     
ma9ly to "s ( ! types1 ! hi/ories       
specifi$ above1 & famili> sc5es 9 !     
e>li] portions ( ! ,gospel n>rative1    
includ+ a few ( ! miracles & p>ables (  

our ,"l4 ,! notes are fragm5t>y1 b      
writt5 9 h] usual int]e/+ & lively /yle4
 ,h[ refre%+1 = in/ance1 & *>act]i/ic   
are ! foll[+ comm5ts ^u "s pictures     
repres5t+ ! dismissal ( ,hag> & ,i%mael 
at ! imp]i\s reque/ ( ,s>ah3  ,i believe
 ! mo/ celebrat$ example is ! picture by
 ,gu]c9o1 9 ! ,br]a2 b ,i d n ?9k x     
des]ves its celebrity--! pa!tic is !re  
alloy$ ) vulg>ity ( "*4 ,i rememb] t1 :5
 ,i fir/ saw ?is picture1 ,i c\ld only  
?9k ( ! praises lavi%$ on x by ,byron & 
o!rs1 z ! f9e/ expression ( deep1       
natural pa?os to be f\nd 9 ! :ole range 
( art4 ,i fanci$1 z _m d1 t ,i c\ld see 
9 x ! beauties s poetically describ$4   
,"s ye>s lat]1 :5 ,i saw x aga91 ) a m  
cultivat$ eye & ta/e1 my disappo9tm5t 0 
great4 ,9 fact1 ,abraham is mu* m l an  
unfeel+ old begg> ?an a maje/ic patri>*1
 resign$ to ! div9e w1 yet /ruck to !   
he>t by ! cruel necessity "u :i* he 0   
act+4 ,hag> cries l a h\semaid turn$ (f 
)\t wages or w>n+1 & ,i%mael is m]ely a 
blubb]+ boy4 ,= expression1 ! picture by

 ,gova]t ,hiricke 7,b]l9 ,gall]y1 #hae7 
seems to me mu* sup]ior2 ! look (       
appeal+ angui% 9 ! face ( ,hag> z %e    
turns to ,abraham1 & po9ts to h] weep+  
boy1 rea*es to ! tragic 9 po9t (        
conception1 b ,i%mael1 if v natural1 ) 8
 fi/ 9 8 eye1 is also r vulg>4          
,rembr&t's composition is q dramatic1 &1
 9 8 mann]1 z f9e z possible4 ,hag>1    
l+]+ on ! /ep ( ! dwell+ :5ce %e is     
reject$1 weeps reproa*fully2 ,i%mael1 9 
a ri* ,ori5tal co/ume1 /eps on be=e1 ) !
 boyi% c\rage ( "o de/9$ to become an   
ar*] & a hunt] 9 ! wild]ness1 & ! fa!r (
 a great & ev5 yet unconqu]$ nation2 9 !
 backgr\nd ,s>ah is se5 look+ out ( !   
w9d[ at h] dep>t+ rival1 ) exultation 9 
h] face4  ,^? :o are acqua9t$ ) ,italian
 pa9t+s ( ! #ae? c5tury mu/ h rem>k$ !  
frequ5cy ) :i* ! great ma/]s ( ! ,tuscan
 s*ool 9 t era treat ! subject ( ,!     
,massacre ( ! ,innoc5ts4 ,?\gh our ,"l  
is n an actor 9 ! sc5e1 x is intimately 
connect$ ) 8 hi/ory4 ,! ,innoc5ts 7 !   
fir/ m>tyrs 9 8 cause1 & f ! e>lie/     

times attract$ ! v5]ation & t5d]        
affection ( ,*ri/ians4 ,pa9ful z !      
subject is1 x af=ds scope = ! ex]cise ( 
! highe/ tragic p[]4 ,! m]e fact t      
,h]od's sword swept ! nurs]ies (        
,be?lehem1 ?\gh necess>ily ent]+ into ! 
picture1 becomes subord9ate to ! #bed   
sorr[ :i* !n />t$ into life 9 s _m      
mo!rs' he>ts4 ,t is ! po9t made mo/     
prom95t 9 ! ,gospel by ! citation ( !   
pa!tic words ( ,j]emias 9 ! prophecy3 ,9
 ,rama 0 !re a voice he>d1 lam5tations1 
& weep+1 & great m\rn+4 ,ra*el weep+ =  
h] *ildr51 & w\ld n be com=t$1 because  
!y are n4 ,! m9d is c>ri$ back to ! "t  
:5 ! v s\nd ( ^? tott]+ feet suffic$ to 
wak5 ! pulses ( love 9 ! "m's bosom2 :5 
^? confid+ h&s 7 ev] lock$ 9 h]s4 ,h[   
de> _h be5 ! pretty prattle ( ^? little 
ones1 ! fir/ /amm]+s ( ! tongue1 !      
silv]y laught]1 ev5 ! cries ( passion or
 ( pa96 ,hi!rto all _h bs5 sun%9e1 or   
once & aga9 ! %ad[ ( "s light cl\d _h   
drift$ across ! face ( heav52 b n[ agony
 comes on ! w+s ( ! :irlw9d--a pitiless 

/orm t leaves no?+ b blank1 brok5 he>ts 
beh9d4 ,"h we see a b]eav$ "m1 wildly   
passionate1 toss+ h] frantic arms       
heav5w>d2 we almo/ fancy we he> h] rave 
& moan4 ,!re we m>k ! w&]+ foot/eps1 no 
long] ob$i5t to ! helm ( reason4 ,ano!r1
 ) clasp$ h&s1 kneels1 gaz+ on ! purple 
/a9s :i* dye ! ivory limbs ( h]         
slaught]$ d>l+4 ,or ! eye re/s ) awful  
compassion on a /&+ figure1 ano!r       
spee*less ,niobe1 pale & unconsci\s z a 
/atue1 /ill press+ h] dead infant to h] 
brea/4 ,^u "o or two upturn$ faces a    
light has brok52 ! gr& ?\ght seems j to 
h fla%$ ^u _! s\ls--t ! purple /a9s are 
! dye ( m>tyrdom1 de/9$ by a lov+       
,provid5ce to adorn a robe ( unfad+     
glory4 ,& s sorr[ passes almo/ into joy1
 & ! imag9ation rea*es =w>d to ano!r    
sorr[ful ,"m --,"m ( sorr[s--:o is to   
sit 9 desolation1 yet ma/]+ h] deep woe1
 &1 ) a sacrific+ love t transc5ds      
resignation1 ent]+ into & unit+ h]self )
 ! my/]i\s designs ( ,god4 ,9 spite1    
h[ev]1 ( ! int]e/ ( ! subject1 = ages x 

0 r>ely depict$4 ,mrs4 ,jameson gives ! 
foll[+ acc\nt ( its sudd5 rise into     
g5]al favor3  ,all at once1 h[ev]1 9 !  
latt] half ( ! #ae? c5tury--t is1 aft]  
#adej--we f9d ! subject ( ! ,holy       
,innoc5ts assum+ an extraord9>y degree (
 popul>ity & importance4 ,!n1 = ! fir/  
"t1 we f9d *apels d$icat$ to !m1 & gr\ps
 ( m>tyr$ *ildr5 9 alt>-pieces r\nd !   
?rone ( ,*ri/ or ! ,virg94 ,f ?is p]iod 
we h innum]able examples ( ! t]rible    
sc5e ( ! massacre at ,be?lehem1 treat$ z
 a sep>ate subject 9 pictures & pr9ts1  
:ile ! be/ arti/s vi$ ) ea* o!r 9 v>y+ &
 elaborat+ ! details ( circum/antial    
cruelty & frantic despair4  ,= a long   
"t1 ,i c\ld n compreh5d h[ ?is came     
ab\t1 nor h[ x happ5$ t ?r\gh all       
,italy1 especially 9 ! ,tuscan s*ools1 a
 subject s gha/ly & s pa9ful %\ld h     
assum$ ?is sort ( prom95ce4 ,! cause1 z 
x gradually reveal$ itself1 r5d]$ e     
picture m & m int]e/+2 connect+ !m ) ea*
 o!r1 & %[+ h[ intimately ! hi/ory ( art
 is mix$ up ) ! life ( a p4  ,!re _h    

exi/$ at ,flor5ce1 f ! #ac? c5tury1 a   
hospital = f\ndl+s1 ! fir/ in/itution ( 
! k9d 9 ,europe4 ,x 0 atta*$ to !       
,b5$ict9e mona/]y ( ,san ,gallo1 ne> "o 
( ! gates ( ! city /ill be>+ ! "n4 ,9 ! 
#ae? c5tury1 :5 ! population & ext5t ( !
 city _h greatly increas$1 x 0 f\nd t   
?is hospital 0 too small1 & ! funds ( ! 
mona/]y q inadequate to ! purpose4 ,!n  
,lion>do ,buruni1 ( ,arezzo1 :o 0 twice 
*ancellor ( ,flor5ce--! same ,lion>do :o
 gave to ,ghib]ti ! subjects ( 8 fam\s  
gates--fill$ ) compassion = ! orphans & 
neglect$ *ildr51 address$ ! s5ate on !  
subject1 & made su* an affect+ appeal 9 
_! behalf1 t n ! s5ate only1 b ! :ole p 
( #bee ,flor5ce1 respond$ ) en?usiasm1  
frequ5tly int]rupt+ him ) cries ( ',viva
 ,mess] ,lion>do d',arezzo6' ',&1' adds 
! hi/orian1 'nev] 0 a "q ( importance   
c>ri$ ) su* m quickness & unanimity'    
7mai con maggior cel]ita e pi5ezza de'  
voti fu v9to p>tito di cosa grave come  
que/a74 ,l>ge sums 7 vot$1 (f]+s fl[$ 91
 a sup]b hospital 0 f\nd$1 &            

,brunelles*i 0 appo9t$ ar*itect4 ,:5    
f9i%$1 :i* 0 n till #addd1 x 0 solemnly 
d$icat$ to ! ',holy ,innoc5ts4' ,! fir/ 
*ild consign$ to ! new in/itution 0 a   
poor little female infant1 on ^: brea/ 0
 p9n$ ! "n ',agata1' 9 remembrance ( :i*
 an alt> 9 ! *apel 0 d$icat$ to ,/4     
,aga?a4 ,we h pro( t ! f\ndation1       
progress1 & consecration ( ?is refuge = 
de/itute *ildr5 excit$ ! greate/ int]e/ 
& sympa?y1 n only 9 ,flor5ce1 b 9 !     
neighbor+ /ates1 & t x 0 imitat$ 9      
,pisa1 ,arezzo1 & ,si5a4 ,! union ( !   
two hospitals ( ,san ,gallo & !         
',innoc5ti' took place 9 #adfc4 ,*ur*es 
& *apels 7 app5d$ to ! hospitals1 &1 z a
 matt] ( c\rse1 ! pa9t]s & sculptors 7  
call$ ^u to decorate !m4 ,su* are !     
circum/ances :i* expla91 z ,i ?9k1 !    
popul>ity ( ! /ory ( ! ,innoc5ts 9 !    
#ae? c5tury1 & ! mann] 9 :i* x occupi$ !
 m9ds ( ! great cotempor>y arti/s ( !   
,tuscan s*ool1 & o!rs aft] !m4  ,we _c  
pret5d to decide ^u ! tru? ( ?is suppos$
 connection betwe5 ! e/abli%m5t ( an    

in/itution to m9i/] to ! wants ( ! =sak5
 & ! developm5t ( a special bran* (     
,*ri/ian art4 ,:e!r true or n1 ?is mu*  
is c]ta91 t x is 9 keep+ ) a multitude (
 in/ances :i* g to prove h[ favorable ! 
practice ( ,ca?olic *>ity is to !       
progress ( ! arts4 ,love ev] p\rs itself
 ar\nd 9 /reams ( radiance1 light+ up   
:ole regions :i* lie beyond its imm$iate
 object4 ,x copies ! creative lib]ality 
( ,god1 :o1 9 provid+ u ) :at is        
necess>y = subsi/5ce1 surr\nds u at !   
same "t ) a ?\s& sup]flu\s manife/ations
 ( beauty4  ,b x is "t to pass on to !  
second volume ( ?is hi/ory1 :i* we owe  
almo/ entirely to ! p5 ( ,lady ,ea/lake4
 ,x is ma9ly occupi$ ) ! ,passion ( our 
,"l2 & c]ta9ly ! dilig5t att5tion paid  
by ! au?oress to ?is subject1 & !       
judgm5t display$ 9 ! arrangem5t ( !     
n>rative & ! selection ( examples1 _c be
 too highly comm5d$4 ,! /yle is g5]ally 
cle>1 simple1 & e>ne/4 ,always dignifi$1
 x sometimes rises to eloqu5ce1 z 9 !   
description ( ,rembr&t's et*+ ( ! ,ecce 

,homo1 & 9 ! foll[+ criticism ( ,leon>do
 da ,v9ci's celebrat$ ,la/ ,supp]4 ,aft]
 a clev] disquisition on ! difficulties 
( ! subject1 & ! conditions ess5tial to 
its effective treatm5t1 %e ?us proce$s3 
,we ne$ n say :o did fulfil ^!          
conditions1 nor ^: ,la/ ,supp] x is--all
 ru9$ & defac$ z x may be--:i* alone    
ar\ses ! he>t ( ! spectator z           
effectually z t incomp>able %ad[ 9 !    
c5tre has r\s$ ! feel+s ( ! dim =ms on  
ea* side ( him4 ,leon>do da ,v9ci's     
,c5a1 to all :o consid] ?is gr& subject 
?r\gh ! m$ium ( art1 is ! ,la/          
,supp]--!re is no o!r4 ,v>i\s           
repres5tations exi/1 & by ! highe/ names
 9 art1 b !y d n t\* ! subtle spr+4     
,comp>$ ) ?is *ef d'oeuvre1 _! ,la/     
,supp]s are m]e exhibitions (           
well-drawn1 drap$1 or color$ figures1 9 
/udi\sly v>i$ attitudes1 :i* excite no  
emotion beyond ! admiration due to ^!   
qualities4 ,x is no wond] t ,leon>do    
%\ld h done little or no?+ m aft] !     
execution1 9 8 =ty-six? ye>1 ( t /up5d\s

 picture4 ,x 0 n 9 man n to be fa/idi\s1
 :o _h su* an unapproa*able /&>d ( 8 own
 #bef p[]s p]petually /&+ 9 8 pa?4  ,let
 u n[ consid] ?is figure ( ,*ri/ m      
closely4  ,x is n suffici5t to say t our
 ,"l has j utt]$ ?is s5t5ce1 viz41      
',v]ily1 v]ily1 ,i say unto y1 "o ( y   
%all betray me2' we mu/ endeavor to     
def9e 9 :at1 9 8 own p]son1 ! visible   
pro( ( 8 hav+ spok5 consi/s4 ,! pa9t]   
has ca/ ! eyes d[n--an action :i*       
g5]ally detracts f ! expression ( a     
face4 ,"h1 h[ev]1 no su* loss is felt4  
,! outw>d sight1 x is true1 is 9        
abeyance1 b ! int5se/ s5se ( inw>d      
vision has tak5 its place4 ,our ,"l is  
look+ into himself--t self :i* knew 'all
 ?+s1' & !re=e ne$$ n to lift 8 mortal  
lids to asc]ta9 :at effect 8 words _h   
produc$4 ,! hone/ indignation ( !       
apo/les1 ! visible p]turbation ( !      
traitor1 are ea* "r 9 _! place1 & = !   
look]-on1 b !y are no?+ to him4 ,?us "h 
at once ! highe/ p[] & ref9em5t ( art is
 %[n1 by ! conv]sion ( :at 9 mo/ h&s    

w\ld h be5 an insipidity into ! means ( 
expression be/ suit$ to ! mom5t4 ,!     
incl9ation ( ! head1 & ! expression ( e 
feature1 all contribute to ! same       
int5tion4 ,?is is n ! heav9ess or ev5 ! 
repose ( previ\s sil5ce4 ,on ! contr>y1 
! head has n yet ris51 nor ! muscles ( !
 face subsid$ f ! act ( m\rnful spee*4  
,x is j t evanesc5t mom5t :i* all true  
pa9t]s ye>n to cat*1 & :i* few b pa9t]s 
are wont to obs]ve--:5 ! tones h ceas$1 
b ! lips are n seal$--:51 = an in/ant1 !
 face repeats to ! eye :at ! voice has  
said to ! e>4 ,no "o :o has /udi$ t head
 c d\bt t our ,"l has j spok53 ! s\nds  
are n !re1 b !y h n travell$ f> into    
space4  ,mu*1 too1 9 ! g5]al spee* ( ?is
 head is ow+ to ! skill ) :i*1 :ile     
convey+ "o p>ticul> idea1 ! pa9t] has   
sugge/$ no o!r4 ,beautiful z ! face is1 
!re is no o!r beauty b t :i* m9i/]s to  
?is end4 ,we "k n :e!r ! head be h&some 
or picturesque1 mascul9e or fem99e 9    
type--:e!r ! eye be liquid1 ! *eek      
ruddy1 ! hair smoo?1 or ! be>d curl+--z 

we "k ) su* pa9ful c]ta9ty 9 o!r        
repres5tations4 ,all we feel is1 t !    
wave ( "o int5se mean+ has pass$ ov] !  
:ole c\nt5ance1 & left its impress alike
 on e "p4 ,sorr[ is ! pr$om9ant         
expression--t sorr[ :i*1 z we h said 9  
our ,introduction1 di/+ui%es !          
,*ri/ian's ,god1 & :i* b9ds him1 by a   
sympa?y no fabl$ deity ev] claim$1 ) !  
fall5 & suff]+ race ( ,adam4 ,8 v words 
h giv5 himself m pa9 ?an !y h to 8      
he>]s1 & a pa9 he _c exp5d 9            
prote/ations z !y d1 = ?is1 z = e o!r   
act ( 8 life1 came he into ! _w4  ,b we 
mu/ n l+] ) ! face alone2 no h&s ev] did
 su* intellectual s]vice z ^? :i* lie   
spread on t table4 ,!y1 too1 h j fall5  
into t position--"o s full ( mean+ to u1
 & s unconsci\sly assum$ by him--& !y w 
reta9 x no long] ?an ! eye :i* is d[n & 
! head :i* is sunk4 ,a special int5tion 
on ! pa9t]'s "p may be surmis$ 9 !      
opposite action ( ea* h&3 ! palm ( ! "o 
s graci\sly & b\ntifully op5 to all :o  
are we>y & heavy-lad52 ! o!r av]t$1 yet 

n clos$1 z if deprecat+ its own symbolic
 (fice4 ,or we may consid] _! position z
 applicable to ?is p>ticul> sc5e only2 !
 "o h& say+1 ',( ^? t ?\ ha/ giv5 me    
none is lo/1' & ! o!r1 :i* lies ne>     
,judas1 'except ! son ( p]dition4' ,or1 
aga91 we may give a /ill n>r[]          
def9ition1 & int]pret ?is av]t$ h& z    
direct+ ! eye1 9 "s sort1 to ! h& (     
,judas1 :i* lies ne>e/ x1 ',behold1 ! h&
 ( him t #beg betraye? me is ) me on !  
table4' ,n t ! sci5ce ( ,*ri/ian        
iconography has be5 adopt$ "h1 = !      
welcom+ & condemn+ functions ( !        
respective h&s h be5 rev]s$--9 ref]5ce1 
probably1 to ,judas1 :o sits on our     
,"l's "r4 ,or we may give up attribut+  
symbolic int5tions ( any k9d to !       
pa9t]--a s\rce ( pleasure to ! spectator
 m (t5 ju/ifiable ?an ju/ifi$--& simply 
give him cr$it = hav+1 by 8 own         
exquisite feel+ alone1 s plac$ ! h&s z  
to make !m ?us m9i/] to a v>iety (      
sugge/ions4 ,ei!r way1 ^! gr& & pa!tic  
memb]s /& z preem95t z ! head 9 !       

pictorial hi/ory ( our ,"l1 hav+ seldom 
be5 equall$ 9 beauty ( =m1 & nev] 9 p[] 
( spee*4  ,?us mu* has be5 said ^u ?is  
figure ( our ,"l1 because no o!r        
repres5tation approa*es s ne> ! ideal ( 
8 p]son4 ,"t1 ignorance1 & viol5ce h    
done _! wor/ ^u x2 b x may be d\bt$ :e!r
 x ev] sugge/$ m ov]p[]+ feel+s ?an 9   
its pres5t batt]$ & defac$ condition1   
sc>cely n[ to be call$ a picture1 b a   
fitt] emblem ( him :o 0 'despis$ &      
reject$ ( m54'  ,p]haps !re is no o!r   
passage 9 ! "w s lov+ly elaborat$ z ?is4
 ,rivall+ 9 en]gy1 x surpasses 9        
delicate discrim9ation ev5 su* brilliant
 criticisms z t ( ! eloqu5t ,c\nt de    
,montalemb]t on ,fra ,angelico's ,la/   
,judgm5t--a criticism :i* mu/ h /ruck   
all read]s ( ,v&alism & ,ca?olicism 9   
,art z wor?y ( ! pa9t+ x describes4 ,b !
 m5tion ( ! bless$ fri> ( ,fiesoli      
rem9ds u t he is a special favorite )   
,lady ,ea/lake also4 ,! spell ( 8 t5d] &
 rev]5t contemplations has told ^u h] ) 
consid]able p[]1 to an ext5t1 inde$1 :i*

 makes h] sc>cely j t[>d ,raphael       
himself4 ,sev]al graphic pages are      
devot$ to a description ( ,fra          
,angelico's ,la/ ,judgm5t4 ,8 ,adoration
 ( ! ,cross also is dwelt ^u ) mu*      
affection1 & 9 great detail4 ,b our     
read]s w be enabl$1 we hope1 to =m "s   
idea ( ! feel+s ) :i* ,lady ,ea/lake    
reg>ds ?is mo/ ,*ri/ian ( all arti/s1 f 
! %ort] extracts :i* we subjo94 ,aft]   
criticiz+ a f9e fresco by ,giotto (     
,*ri/ wa%+ ! ,disciples' feet1 %e ?us   
comm5ts ^u ,fra ,angelico's treatm5t ( !
 same subject3  ,( all pa9t]s :o        
express$ ! condesc5sion ( ! ,"l by !    
impression x produc$ ^u ^? to :om x 0   
s5t1 ,fra ,angelico /&s =emo/ 9 beauty (
 feel+4 ,n only ! h&s1 b ! feet ( poor  
%ock$ ,pet] prote/ aga9/ 8 ,ma/]'s      
condesc5sion4 ,x is a conte/ = humility 
betwe5 ! two2 b our ,"l is m ?an humble1
 he is lovely & mighty too4 ,he is on 8 
knees2 b 8 two out/ret*$ h&s1 s lov+ly  
(f]$1 begg+ to be accept$1 g beyond !   
m]e incid5t1 z art & poetry ( ?is class 

always d1 & l9k !mselves typically ) !  
:ole graci\s s*eme ( r$emption4 ,true   
,*ri/ian art1 ev5 if !ology 7 sil5t1    
w\ld1 l ! v /ones1 cry out & proclaim h[
 e act ( our ,"l's c\rse ref]s to "o    
supreme idea4  ,&1 once m1 speak+ ( !   
same arti/'s picture ( ! ,desc5t f !    
,cross1 %e ?us contra/s 8 conception )  
^? ( ,luca ,signorelli1 ,mi*ael ,angelo1
 ,raphael1 ,razzi1 ,da ,volt]ra1 & o!r  
,italian v]sions ( ! #ae? & #af?        
c5turies3  ,aft] contemplat+ ^!         
conceptions ( ! deposition 9 :i* a c]ta9
 p>ade ( idle sorr[1 vehem5t action1 &  
p5d5t impossibilities are conspicu\s1 x 
is a relief to turn to "o :o "h1 z ev]1 
/&s alone 9 8 mild glory4 ,fra          
,angelico's ,desc5t1 pa9t$ = ! ,/a4     
,tr9ita at ,flor5ce1 n[ 9 ! ,accademia  
!re1 is ! p]fect realization ( ! mo/    
pi\s idea4 ,no m ,*ri/ian conception ( !
 subject1 & no m probable #beh sett+ =?1
 ( ! sc5e1 c p]haps be atta9$4 ,all is  
holy sorr[1 calm & /ill2 ! figures move 
g5tly1 & speak 9 :isp]s4 ,no "o is too  

excit$ to help1 or n to h9d]4 ,joseph & 
,nicodemus1 kn[n by _! glories1 are     
highe/ 9 ! scale ( rev]5tial be+s :o p !
 ladd]1 & make x almo/ look z if x lo/  
itself1 l ,jacob's1 9 heav54 ,!y ea*    
hold an arm close to ! %\ld]4 ,ano!r    
disciple su/a9s ! body z he sits on !   
ladd]1 a f\r? receives x "u ! knees2 &  
,/4 ,john1 a figure ( ! highe/ beauty ( 
expression1 lifts 8 h&s & (f]s 8 %\ld]  
to ! preci\s burd51 :]e 9 ano!r mom5t x 
w safely & t5d]ly repose4 ,! figure     
itself is ineffably graceful ) pa!tic   
helplessness1 b ,corona gloriae1 victory
 ov] ! old enemy1 surr\nds a head (     
div9e peace4 ,he is re/or$ to 8 own1 &  
re/s among !m ) a security z if he knew 
! lov+ h&s s quietly & m\rnfully busi$  
ab\t him4 ,& 8 peace is ) !m already3   
',peace ,i leave ) y1 my peace ,i give  
unto y4' ,9 ?is picture x is z if ! pi\s
 arti/ _h s\ght fir/ ! k+dom ( ,god1 &  
all ?+s1 ev5 9 art1 _h be5 add$ unto    
him4 4 4 4 ,we h tak5 only ! c5tre gr\p 
7! size =bidd+ m71 leav+ out ! sorr[+   

wom5 on ! "r1 ) ! ,"m pi\sly kneel+ )   
fold$ h&s1 z if s alone %e c\ld wor?ily 
take back t sacr$ =m4  ,su* a picture   
might h be5 suppos$ to be ! s\rce (     
,fa!r ,fab]'s mo/ pa!tic description ( !
 same sc5e 9 8 ,foot ( ! ,cross1 did we 
n "k t !re is sure to be a /rong family 
lik5ess betwe5 ! conceptions ( two      
g5tle1 humble s\ls1 d]iv+ _! inspiration
 f ! same ex]cise ( pray]ful &          
compassionate contemplation4  ,x w\ld be
 a pity to m> ! impression made ^u our  
read]s by passages su* z we h quot$1 & (
 :i* !re are _m k9dr$ examples scatt]$  
?r\gh\t ,lady ,ea/lake's volume1 by !   
pa9ful contra/ ( a sad passage ^u !     
,agony 9 ! ,g>d5 7vol4 ii41 p4 #cj74    
,?\gh n ! sole1 x is ! mo/ s]i\s1 blot  
^u h] "w4 ,misconceiv+ altoge!r !       
symbolic int5tion ( ,ca?olic arti/s 9   
plac+ ! *alice & ho/ 9 ! h& ( ! m9i/]+  
angel1 ,lady ,ea/lake = once all[s !    
,prote/ant _s )9 to break ?r\gh all     
b\nds ( decorum4 ,9 :at s5se ! eu*>i/ic 
*alice1 introduce x :]e y w1 c be a     

pr(ane repres5tation1 x is impossible to
 conceive4 ,good ta/e1 n to say rev]5ce1
 %\ld h proscrib$ ! employm5t ( su* an  
epi!t4 ,a little pati5t reflection1 or !
 /ill easi] & sur] me?od ( inquiry at "s
 ,ca?olic s\rce1 w\ld1 we v5ture to ?9k1
 h ov]come h] repugnance1 & h sav$ h]   
,ca?olic read]s "s unnecess>y pa94 ,b we
 are will+ to let ?is (f5ce pass1 & to  
leave ! logic ( ! accompany+ /rictures1 
bad z x is1 un*all5g$1 9 consid]ation ( 
! em95t s]vice r5d]$ by ! "w1 z a :ole1 
to ! cause ( ,*ri/ian art4 ,few c\ld h  
br\ght toge!r a l>g] am\nt ( in/ructive 
& int]e/+ matt]4 ,few1 p]haps no "o1 at 
lea/ among ,prote/ants1 c\ld h und]tak5 
! task ) s mu* to qualify1 s little to  
disqualify1 !m = ! (fice ( hi/orian &   
critic ( ! glori\s s]ies ( monum5ts :i* 
,*ri/ian arti/s h bequea!d to u4  ,"o   
lesson1 above all1 e unprejudic$ read]  
ought to d]ive f ^! volumes--t ,*ri/ian 
art & ,ca?olic art are id5tical4 ,n to e
 ,ca?olic arti/ is x giv5 to produce    
true ,*ri/ian art2 b he1 caet]is p>ibus1

 is mo/ c]ta9 ( atta9+ ! true /&>d :o is
 mo/ deeply imbu$ ) true ,ca?olic       
pr9ciples1 mo/ highly gift$ ) ! ,ca?olic
 virtues ( sup]natural fai? & love4     
,look+ at ! :ole range ( ,*ri/ian art1 x
 may be safely av]r$ t :atev] %ortcom+s 
!re h be5 )9 ! ,*ur* h be5 ow+ to #bei !
 influ5ce ( pr9ciples =eign to h] _s2 & 
t1 outside ! ,*ur* 7we say x 9 spite (  
,lady ,ea/lake's admiration ( ,rembr&t71
 !re has simply nev] exi/$ any ,*ri/ian 
art at all4 ,9 our own days ! rule is n 
rev]s$4 ,:om h ,prote/ants to set aga9/ 
,ov]beck1 ,cornelius1 ,deg]1 ,molitor1 &
 we are pr\d to add our own illu/ri\s   
c\ntryman1 ,h]b]t8 ,n surely !          
,pre-,raphaelite s*ool 9 ,engl&1 ?\gh x 
is ! only "o t has ! lea/ pret5sions to 
! cultivation ( ,*ri/ian art4 ,no1 x is 
! ,ca?olic ,*ur* alone t c /amp ^u !    
pa9t]'s productions ! sup]natural       
impress ( ^? notes by :i* %e h]self is  
recognizable z true4  ,!re is a unity ( 
int5tion1 scope1 & _s 9 ,ca?olic art ( e
 age & clime4 ,l ! doctr9es & devotions 

( ! ,*ur*1 ,ca?olic art1 9 all its v>i\s
 =ms--symbolical1 hi/orical1 devotional1
 ideal--ev] revolves r\nd "o c5tre1 & is
 ref]able to "o exempl>4 ,div9e beauty  
manife/ 9 ! fle%--! image ( ! ,fa!r     
clo!d 9 human =m & liv+ 9 ! ,*ur*--he is
 ! inspir] ( ,*ri/ian art4 ,deum nemo   
vidit unquam3 unig5itus ,filius1 qui e/ 
9 s9u ,patris1 ipse n>ravit4  ,footnote 
#eb ,! ,god-man is ! prim>y object (    
arti/ic contemplation4 ,z 9 doctr9e1 s 9
 ae/heticism1 e truly ,ca?olic arti/ may
 exclaim1 ,v]bum c>o factum e/1 et      
habitavit 9 nobis2 et vidimus gloriam   
ejus1 gloriam quasi unig5iti a ,patre1  
pl5um gratia et v]itatis4  ,footnote #ec
    ,footnote #eb3 ,no man ha? se5 ,god 
at any "t3 ! only-begott5   ,son :o is 9
 ! bosom ( ! ,fa!r1 he ha? decl>$       
him4--,john   i4 #ah4    ,footnote #ec3 
,! ,^w 0 made fle% & dwelt among u2 & we
   saw 8 glory1 ! glory z x 7 ( !       
only-begott5 ( !   fa!r1 full ( grace & 
tru?4--,john i4 #ad4  ,b ?is unity1 h[  
exub]ant 9 its f]tility6 ,! unity ( !   

,*ur* is ! s\rce ( h] ca?olicity4 ,! two
 /& or fall toge!r4 ,&1 s1 too1 ! on5ess
 ( ,ca?olic art is ! secret ( its       
univ]sality4 ,x admits ( no p>tial view1
 excludes no v>iety or diff]5ce4 ,unity 
( _s b9ds all toge!r 9 p]fect h>mony1 j 
z div]sity ( race & multiplicity (      
individual gifts1 9 h] memb]s1 are fitt$
 toge!r1 organiz$1 & held 9 balance by !
 unity ( ! ,*ur*4 ,unity is ! basis &   
safegu>d ( ca?olicity2 ca?olicity !     
glory & cr[n ( unity4  ,nor is ! note ( 
apo/olicity want+4 ,= ! ,bible1 & !     
,bible only1 z ! rule & /&>d ( art1     
sub/itute ,ca?olic tradition h&$ d[n f !
 apo/les1 inclusive ( all t is 9        
,scripture1 b rea*+ beyond ! limits ( ! 
writt5 ^w1 & ev] int]pret$ to ! arti/1  
no less ?an to ! re/ ( ! fai?ful1 by !  
liv+ voice ( ! tea*+ ,*ur*1 & !n !      
pr9ciple :i* id5tifies or?odoxy )       
,*ri/ian art may safely be appli$ z a   
te/ to religi\s pa9t+4  ,la/ly--we _h   
almo/ said above all--! beauty ( hol9ess
 is /amp$ exclusively ^u all art creat$ 

aft] ! m9d ( ! ,*ur*4 ,= ,ca?olic art is
 no?+ else ?an ! product ( contemplation
 9 s\ls gift$ ) arti/ic capacities2 &   
contemplation is only ano!r ^w = ! gaze 
( sup]natural fai?1 quick5$ & p]fect$ by
 sup]natural love1 ^u "o or o!r ( ^?    
my/]ies :i* ! ,*ur* sets be=e ! m9ds (  
h] *ildr54 ,s at lea/ we h le>n$ f !    
,angelic ,doctor2 :o tells u  ,footnote 
#ed t beauty is f\nd prim>ily &         
ess5tially 9 ! contemplative life4 ,=1  
al?\gh ,/4 ,gregory tea*es t            
contemplation consi/s 9 ! love ( ,god1  
we are to und]/& ?is r ( ! motive ?an ( 
! precise act4 ,! w inflam$ ) love      
desires to behold ! beauty ( ! belov$   
object1 ei!r = its own sake--! he>t     
always be+ :]e ! treasure is--or = !    
sake ( ! k itself :i* results f ! act ( 
vision4 ,sometimes x is ! s5ses :i* are 
?us compell$ to act1 sometimes !        
intellect :i* is prompt$ to ?is gaze1   
accord+ z ! object is mat]ial or        
spiritual4 ,b h[ is ! beauty ( ! object 
#bfj p]ceiv$8 ,:at is ! faculty ^: (fice

 x is to light up & r$uce to ord] & due 
proportion :at is se58 ,evid5tly1 !     
reason4 ,= reason is light1 & :]e !re is
 reason !re is h>mony & proportion4 ,& s
 beauty1 ^: ess5ce is brightness & due  
proportion1 is1 z we h said1 prim>ily & 
necess>ily f\nd 9 ! contemplative life2 
or1 :i* is ! same ?+1 9 ! ex]cise ( !   
reason--its natural ex]cise1 if ! beauty
 contemplat$ be 9 ! natural ord]2 its   
sup]natural ex]cise1 if reveal$ my/]y be
 t :i* attracts & occupies ! s\l4       
,footnote #ed3 #b4 #b4 ,q4 clxxx4 a4 #a1
 & a4 #b4 ad #c4  ----  ,f ,*amb]s's    
,j\rnal4  ,,p\cette4   ,ne>ly sev5 ye>s 
ago1 ,i 0 walk+ hurri$ly along !        
b\lev>ds ( ,p>is "o w9t]'s ev5+2 x 0    
,*ri/mas-eve1 & _h be5 u%]$ 9 by ?ick   
fog & mis]able drizzl+ ra91 :i* provok$ 
! inhabitants ( ! gay capital to compla9
 l\dly ( ! *ange :i* !y fanci$ _h tak5  
place 9 ! seasons ( late ye>s1 :]eby !  
dete/$ br\ill>ds de ,londres _h be5     
introduc$ into _! once cle>1 pure       
atmosph]e4 ,! wea!r 0 c]ta9ly mo/       

unseasonable1 & took away almo/ entirely
 ! small remnant ( ,*ri/mas-l feel+1 :i*
 an ,engli%man1 ) all 8 ef=ts1 c manage 
to keep up 9 a =eign l&4 ,i _h sat *att+
 ) a fri5d ov] a cosey fire until dusk2 
&1 on leav+ 8 h\se1 nei!r a remise nor a
 fiacre 0 to be met ) empty2 s ,i made  
up my m9d to a wet walk1 & amus$ myself1
 z ,i w5t on1 by obs]v+ ! v>i\s gr\ps ( 
pass5g]s1 "s ( !m sudd5ly b5ight$ l     
myself1 z !y sp$ on _! way along ! cr[d$
 ?or\ghf>e4 ,! brilliant lamps hung f ! 
%ops ?rew a gl>e ov] ea* face z x flitt$
 pa/1 or paus$ to look 9 at ! w9d[s2 & !
 noise ( hamm]s res\nd$ incessantly f ! 
edge ( ! pavem5t1 :]e workm5 7 busy     
erect+ small wood5 boo?s = ! annual     
,new-,ye>'s fair4 ,"s 7 already         
complet$1 & _! own]s hov]$ ab\t1 ev] &  
anon d>t+ =? f beh9d _! small c\nt]s1 to
 p\nce ^u a likely cu/om]1 to :om !y    
extoll$ ! beauty & *eapness ( _! w>es 9 
tempt+ t]ms4  ,t5ez1 monsieur6 cries an 
old woman1 ^: entire /ock-9-trade       
consi/s ( a few pairs ( doll's %oes (   

*ocolate1 display$ ^u a t9 tray1 ov] :i*
 %e c>efully holds a wea!r-beat5        
umbrella4 ,two s\s ! pair1 two s\s6     
,voila1 mesdames1 bawls a y\? ( t51 :o1 
9 ,london1 w\ld probably execute an     
unlimit$ numb] ( ,ca!r9e-:eels "u ! feet
 ( pat]familias1 z he crosses a cr[d$   
/reet2 "h he is c>efully wat*+ a bas9ful
 ( wat]1 9 :i* float a numb] ( glass    
ducks ( ! mo/ brilliant & unnatural     
colors4 ,p\r un s\6 & he holds up "o t9y
 image betwe5 8 f+] & ?umb1 ) a         
bus9ess-l air4 ,fi done6 answ]s a       
%>p-visag$ eld]ly woman1 z %e )draws six
 ( ! ducks f _! wat]y b$1 & places !m   
g5tly 9 a corn] ( h] capaci\s basket1   
(f]+ ! own] at ! same "t f\r s\s1 #bfa  
:i* he accepts ) ! inv>iable ,m]ci1     
madame1 & ! polite ,p>isian b[2 &       
deposit+ ! co9s 9 "s deep recess ( 8    
huge tr\s]-pockets1 he resumes 8 cry (  
,un s\1 mesdames1 p\r un s\1 ) unblu%+  
m5dacity4 ,j at ! corn] ( ! b\lev>d1 :]e
 ! ,rue de la ,paix jo9s x1 /ood a      
lively1 wiry-look+ little man1 ^: b[s & 

cries 7 incessant1 hold+ some?+ 9 8     
out/ret*$ h&s c>efully wrapp$ 9 wet     
grass1 :i* he entreats ! by/&]s to      
pur*ase4 ,z ,i approa* him1 he uncov]s  
x1 & discloses a small tortoise1 :o     
waves 8 ?9 neck f side to side          
deprecat+ly1 & looks appeal+ly out ( 8  
d>k eyes4 ,buy him1 monsieur1 cries !   
little own]3 he is my la/2 he w be y\r  
be/ fri5d = _m ye>s1 & aft]w>d he w make
 an excell5t s\p6 ,a laugh f "s ( !     
pass]s-by rew>d$ ?is v naive def9ition (
 a pet2 & leav+ ! lively bu/le ( !      
b\lev>d1 ,i turn$ d[n ! ,rue de la      
,paix1 & into ! d>k-look+ ,rue ,neuve   
,/4 ,augu/92 a little way d[n :i*1 ,i   
p]ceiv$ a small knot ( p ga!r$ "u ! ar*$
 entrance to a hotel4  ,!re 7 n _m--a   
few bl\s$ workm5 return+ f _! daily     
toil1 two or ?ree wom51 & ! usual am\nt 
( active gam9s d>t+ ab\t ! outskirts2   
)91 ,i c\ld p]ceive ! cock$-hat ( !     
ev]-wat*ful s]g5t de ville4 ,prompt$ by 
t greg>i\s in/9ct :i* leads mo/ m5 t[>d 
cr[ds1 ,i w5t up to x2 &1 by ! help ( a 

tol]ably tall figure1 ,i look$ ov] !    
heads ( ! p into ! c5tre1 at a gr\p1 !  
fir/ sight ( :om ,i %all n soon =get4   
,!re1 be=e me1 on ! cold pavem5t1 n[ wet
 ) w9try ra91 lay a little1 a v little  
girl1 fa9t+4 ,h] face1 :i* 0 deadly     
pale1 look$ worn & p9*$ by want into t  
ag$1 h>d look s t\*+ to see 9 ! v "y1   
because x tells ( a premature exposure  
to trial & c>e1 if n ( a /ruggle        
lit]ally = life4 ,h] jet-black hair1 (  
:i* %e _h a pr(usion1 lay unb\nd ov] h] 
%\ld]s l a mantle4 ,h] dress 0 an old   
black velvet frock1 cov]$ ) spangles1 ) 
a piece ( some?+ r$ sewn on ! skirt1 & a
 sc>let bodice4 ,h] neck & arms 7 b>e2 &
 ! gay dress1 :]e x _h be5 op5$ 9 front1
 %[$ no?+ und]nea? x b ! poor ?9 body4  
,h] legs 7 blue & mottl$ ) cold2 & ! t9y
 feet 7 ?ru/ into wood5 sabots1 "o ( :i*
 _h dropp$ (f1 a _w too wide = ! little 
foot x 0 meant to protect4 ,a k9d-look+ 
eld]ly woman knelt on ! pavem5t1 &      
support$ ! *ild's head 9 h] arms1 *af+  
h] cold h&s1 & try+1 by e means 9 h]    

p[]1 to re/ore animation2 & w&]+        
uneasily up & d[n beside !m1 0 a        
curi\s-look+ non-descript figure1 su* z 
"o c r>ely meet ) out ( ,p>is4 ,x 0 a   
poodle--at lea/ s its re/less1 bead-l1  
black eyes & muzzle betok5$1 & also a   
suspici\s-look+ tuft ( hair1 n[ visible1
 wav+ above its g>m5ts--b ! animal      
pres5t$ a mo/ ludicr\s appe>ance1 f be+ 
dress$ up 9 a v exact imitation ( !     
co/ume ( a f9e lady dur+ ! c5tury (     
,l\is le ,gr&4 ,! brilliant eyes 7      
surm\nt$ by a clev]ly contriv$ wig1     
frizz$1 p[d]$1 & sp>kl+ ) mock jewels2 !
 body deck$ out 9 a *]ry-color$ sat9    
bodice1 ) a long peak$ /oma*]1 trimm$ ) 
lace1 & a /iff hoop1 bell-l 9 %ape1 b1 9
 proportion1 f> )9 ! dim5sions ( a mod]n
 cr9ol9e2 ev5 ! high-heel$ %oes ( sc>let
 lea!r 7 n =gott52 & ! /range anomaly   
betwe5 ! animal & its disguise 0        
irresi/ibly ludicr\s4 ,! dog 0 p]fectly 
aw>e t some?+ 0 go+ on--some?+ /range1  
pitiful1 &1 :at 0 m to ! purpose1 ne>ly 
conc]n+ himself2 & clev] z he 01 he c\ld

 n yet see a way ?r\gh 8 difficulties4  
,8 mis]y 0 extreme2 he patt]$ pite\sly  
up & d[n ! space #bfb r\nd ! fa9t+ *ild1
 & rais$ himself up anxi\sly on 8       
h9d-legs to pe] into h] little wan face1
 pres5t+ ?us a /ill m ludicr\s aspect   
?an be=e4 ,) 8 wise doggi% face peep+   
out curi\sly f ! ridicul\s human        
head-dress1 he sniff$ all ov] ! v>i\s   
feet :i* encircl$ 8 preci\s mi/ress1    
suspici\sly2 & f9ally plac+ himself1    
/ill on 8 h9d-legs1 close by h] side1 he
 laid 8 head lov+ly to h] *eek1 & utt]$ 
a l[ dismal h[l1 foll[$1 aft] an        
in/ant's pause1 by an impati5t b>k4 ,!  
*ild /irr$--r\s$ app>5tly by ! famili>  
s\nd--gasp$ = brea? once or twice2 &    
pres5tly op5+ h] eyes1 %e cri$ feebly1  
,m\ton1 ou es tu done8 ,he leap$ up 9 an
 ec/acy1 try+1 9 ! height ( 8 joy1 to   
lick h] face2 b ?is 0 n to be3 %e pu%$  
him away z r\ghly z ! little feeble h&  
_h /r5g? to d4  ,ah1 wick$ dog1 g away2 
y d mis*ief1 %e said1 fix+ a pair ( eyes
 z r\nd & almo/ z black z 8 own ^u !    

un=tunate animal4 ,he dropp$ in/antly1 &
 ) a subdu$1 sorr[ful air1 lay d[n1     
lick+ dilig5tly1 9 8 humility1 ! little 
foot f :i* ! sabot _h fall53 he _h      
evid5tly prov$ t submission 0 ! only    
plan to pursue ) 8 imp]i\s mi/ress4 ,!  
girl 0 /rong] n[1 & able to sit up ) !  
help ( ! good woman's knee1 & %e drank  
(f a cup ( milk :i* ! compassionate wife
 ( ! conci]ge h&$ to h]4 ,?anks1 madame1
 said ! *ild1 ) native polit5ess2 ,i am 
bett] n[4 ,y are a good ,*ri/ian1 %e    
add$1 turn+ h] head s z to look 9 ! face
 ( ! woman :o support$ h]4  ,:at are y  
call$1 my *ild8 ask$ h] fri5d4 ,:]e d y 
live8  ,anto9ette ,elizabe? is my       
baptismal "n1 answ]$ ! *ild1 ) odd      
gravity2 b ,i am g5]ally call$ ,p\cette1
 because1 y see1 ,i am small2 & a fa9t  
t+e ( color came into h] pale *eeks4    
,no wond] ! "n 0 be/[$ ^u h]1 = we c\ld 
see t %e 0 small1 v small2 &1 f !       
dim9utive size ( h] limbs1 %e seem$     
likely to rema9 s till ! end ( h] days4 
,w y g home n[8 ask$ ! woman1 aft] a    

mom5t's pause4  ,no1 n j yet1 said ! t9y
 be+4 ,i h _h no supp]4 ,i %all g to    
,emile1 b ,m\ton may g home4 ,g6 %e     
cri$1 imp]i\sly1 to ! dog1 z %e swiftly 
slid (f ! m>vell\s dress & wig1 out (   
:i* cas+ ,m\ton came =? an ord9>y look+ 
& decid$ly dirty poodle4 ,he hesitat$ = 
an in/ant1 :5 %e rais$ h] little cl5*$  
fi/1 & %ook x fi]cely at him1 repeat+   
,g6 9 l\d] tones4 ,he wagg$ 8 tail      
deprecat+ly1 lick$ 8 black lips1 look$  
implor+ly at h] out ( 8 lov+ eyes1 &    
seem$ to beg p]mission to rema9 ) h]2 b 
9 va92 !n1 see+ h] endeavor to rise1 he 
turn$1 fl$ up ! /reet ) ! swiftness ( a 
bird1 & disappe>$ r\nd ! corn]4 ,8      
mi/ress1 9 ! meantime1 fold$ up ! dog's 
f9]y c>efully1 & deposit$ x inside h]   
own poor g>m5ts2 !n1 aft] an in/ant's   
pause1 %e rose to h] feet1 & look$ r\nd 
at u4 ,%e 0 well nam$ ,p\cette3 9 /ature
 %e did n exce$ a *ild ( f\r ye>s old2 b
 %e 0 p]fectly made1 & ! limbs 7 9      
excell5t proportion ) ! /ature1 only h] 
face %[$ age4 ,!re 0 a ke51 worldly look

 ab\t ! m\?1 ) its ?9 sc>let lips2 & a  
v9dictive expression %9+ 9 ! bold1 black
 eyes--altoge!r a h>d-look+ face1 n at  
all attractive 9 its "*2 & yet ,i felt  
myself drawn to ! poor *ild4  ,%e 0     
evid5tly half-/>v$1 fight+ h] own h>d   
battle ) ! _w1 & keep+ h] /ruggle z mu* 
to h]self z %e c\ld2 & :51 scann+       
curi\sly ov] ! faces surr\nd+ h]1 h]    
eyes re/$ on m9e1 ,i /epp$ =w>d1 & (f]$ 
h] a five-franc piece4 ,to my surprise1 
%e ?rew ! money on ! pavem5t #bfc ) !   
bitt]e/ scorn4 ,i don't want money1 %e  
%riek$1 passionately--,i want my supp]4 
,g away1 canaille6 ,i /oop$ d[n t[>d h]1
 & took h] h&4 ,come ) me1 ,i said to   
h]1 & y %all h "s supp]4 ,i live close  
by4 ,%e /ood on tiptoe ev5 !n1 & pe]$   
into my face ) h] %>p eyes4 ,app>5tly1  
h[ev]1 a %ort inspection satisfi$ h]1 = 
%e said s(tly1 ,?ank y1 & tri$ to hold  
my h&4 ,f9d+ x too mu* = h] small grasp1
 %e clung to my tr\s]s ) "o h&1 & ) !   
o!r %e wav$ (f ! wond]+ by/&]s ) a mo/  
maje/ic air4 ,i (f]$ paym5t = ! milk1   

:i* ! good woman civilly refus$2 & !n ,i
 s5t = a fiacre 9 :i* to get to my      
lodg+s 9 ! ,rue ,rivoli1 %r9k+1 ,i mu/  
confess1 f ! idea ( ! ridicul\s figure  
,i %\ld cut walk+ along ! /reets ) ?is  
absurd ?\gh un=tunate creature4         
,pres5tly ! conci]ge arriv$ ) "o1 & we  
/epp$ 91 ,p\cette ent]+ maje/ically     
fir/4 ,i gave ! ^w1 & we />t$4 ,h>dly _h
 we turn$ out ( ! /reet1 :5 ! impulsive 
*ild beside me seiz$ me ) bo? h&s1 & 9  
an ec/acy ( gratitude ?ank$ me ) /ream+ 
eyes = :at ,i 0 do+ = h]4 ,i am />v+1 %e
 sobb$--,i fa9t$ f hung]4 ,i h be5 danc+
 on ! b\lev>ds all day ) ,m\ton1 :o is  
hungry1 too1 poor fell[1 = he only ate a
 small bit ( bread :i* a good little    
g5tleman gave him ?is morn+4  ,:y did y 
n take ! money1 !n8 ,i ask$4 ,y might h 
b\ght food = y\rself & ,m\ton4  ,i did n
 want money1 said ! girl pr\dly--,i     
don't beg4  ,b y say y are hungry4  ,t  
is no?+4 ,i nev] beg2 ,i dance2 &       
tonight1 :5 ,i h _h "s supp]1 ,i %all   
dance = y1 & y %all see1 draw+ h]self   

up4  ,at ?is spee* ,i hesitat$4 ,:at 9 !
 _w _h ,i to d ) a danc+-girl 9 my quiet
 ba*elor rooms8 ,did %e int5d tak+ !m by
 /orm1 & qu>t]+ h]self ^u me1 :e!r ,i   
lik$ x or n8 ,! "q 0 a difficult "o2 b  
yet1 :5 ,i look$ d[n at ! t9y figure1 ) 
its poor1 woe-begone face1 s ?9 &       
we>y-look+1 its utt] weakness &         
dep5d5ce1 ,i felt t1 come :at might1 ,i 
c\ld n act o!rwise ?an ,i 0 do+4 ,!re1 g
 up /airs1 au troisieme said ,i to my   
*>ge1 z ! fiacre /opp$1 & we got out2 :5
 lo6 f beh9d a l>ge /one close by !     
entrance to ! porte-co-*]e1 ! black r\nd
 eyes ( ,m\ton glanc$ furtively out ^u  
u4 ,8 behavior 0 exce$+ly res]v$2 he    
dur/ n ev5 wag 8 tail = fe> ( giv+      
(f5ce1 b he glanc$ at me 9 ! meeke/1    
humble/ entreaty ev] dog did4 ,don't s5d
 him away1 ,i said to ,p\cette3 take him
 up /airs ) y2 ,i wi% him to rema94  ,%e
 made no reply1 b snapp$ h] f+]s        
enc\rag+ly at him1 & he foll[$ h]       
closely1 z %e walk$ up /airs4 ,i paus$ a
 mom5t ) ! conci]ge1 to ask h] to       

provide "s d9n] = my unexpect$ gue/s2 & 
!n m\nt$ ! /airs aft] !m4 ,i f\nd       
,anto9ette ,elizabe? & h] fai?ful foll[]
 seat$ at my door1 gravely await+ my    
arrival4 ,m\ton recogniz$ me z a fri5d1 
& fa9tly wagg$ 8 tail2 evid5tly he 0    
c>eful1 9 ! pres5ce ( 8 mi/ress1 ^u :om 
he be/[$ 8 favors4 ,we ent]$ my room1   
all ?ree ( u2 & pres5tly ! d9n] arriv$1 
& 0 done ample ju/ice to4 ,p\cette ate  
he>tily1 b n rav5\sly2 & aft] ! meal 0  
ov]1 we drew our *airs r\nd ! fire1 &   
sat eat+ walnuts4 ,%e ask$ !n1 ) m      
timidity ?an %e _h yet %[n3 ,:5 %all we 
h ! honor ( danc+ = monsieur8 rais+ h]  
l>ge black eyes1 :i* _h lo/ _! fi]ce    
look1 to my face4  ,n j yet1 ,p\cette1  
,i repli$4 ,tell me some?+ ab\t y\rself 
fir/1 & eat m walnuts4  #bfd  ,%e look$ 
up %>ply at ?is1 z if to say1 ,:at      
bus9ess is t ( y\rs8 !n away into !     
fire1 :i* 0 evid5tly a novel luxury to  
h]2 & f9ally h] glance re/$ on ,m\ton1  
:o1 hav+ dev\r$ e sup]flu\s piece (     
meat1 & gnaw$ ! only bone at table1 _h  

n[ /ret*$ himself on ! he>?-rug1 &      
slumb]$ peacefully at h] feet4 ,monsieur
 is v good1 %e said pres5tly1 ) a sigh1 
/ill ) h] eyes fix$ on ,m\ton4 ,my      
hi/ory is no?+ v great4 ,i am n a       
,p>isian2 my fa!r 0 a ,norman4  ,is he  
alive n[8 ,i ask$1 z %e paus$ "h4  ,i   
don't "k ab\t t1 %e answ]$ haughtily4   
,he 0 a wick$ man4 ,monsieur und]/&s me8
 %e said que/ion+ly1 ) a pi]c+ look4    
,yes1 poor *ild4 ,& y\r "m1 :at ( h]8   
,%e is an angel1 falt]$ ! girl4 ,%e w5t 
up to heav5 la/ ,*ri/mas2 & ! te>s fill$
 h] eyes z %e said x4  ,h[ h y liv$     
s9ce8'  ,oh1 t 0 at ,m>seilles2 & ,i    
came on "h ) ,m\ton4 ,we dance1 %e      
cont9u$ 9 a firm] voice2 we g out ) a   
man call$ ,emile1 :o plays ! organ v    
well1 & he has ano!r dog l ,m\ton1' only
 n at all clev]3 ! /upid creature c only
 hold a basket 9 8 m\?1 & beg = s\s2 he 
has no tal5t4 ,%e %rugg$ h] %\ld]s1 &   
cont9u$1 ,we live ) ,emile & 8 wife2 !y 
are n always k9d to me2 b ,i love ,jean4
  ,:o is ?is ,jean8 ,i ask$4  ,ah6 he is

 a poor boy1 %e repli$2 ! :ole          
expression ( h] c\nt5ance s(t5+ at 8 "n1
 & h] sall[ *eeks crimson+ ) a t5d]     
flu%4 ,he is lame2 he _c walk1 & is     
pull$ ab\t 9 a little c>riage2 b he does
 n l to beg1 s ,emile w n take him out )
 u4  ,is ,emile 8 fa!r8 ,i ask$4  ,no1  
monsieur2 8 fa!r is dead b 8 "m is      
,emile's wife4 ,i take c>e ( ,jean      
myself4  ,are !y good to y8  ,yes1      
pretty well4 ,y see ,i dance = !m1 & p  
give m money because ,i am !re2 & !n    
,m\ton is s clev]2 "o does n easily meet
 ) a dog l t1 :o w /& on 8 h9d-legs = an
 h\r toge!r1 & dance z he does4 ,look at
 8 dress too2 & %e pull$ out ( ! bosom (
 h] frock ,m\ton's p>aph]nalia1 &       
display$ x ) evid5t pride4 ,9 my op9ion 
n[1 !re is no su* dress z t = a dog 9   
all ,p>is1 %e said1 z %e held x up      
admir+ly to ! lamp4 ,jean made ^? %oes2 
ar'n't !y droll8 ,& ! wig2 look1 t is   
sup]b6  ,:o made ! wig8 ,i ask$4  ,ah6 x
 0 a little boy :o is appr5tic$ to a    
wigmak]1 %e answ]$4 ,monsieur1 x 0 a    

b>ga9 betwe5 u2 he want$ some?+ f me1   
&--& ,i said ,i w\ld give x him if he   
made a wig = ,m\ton2 & ?is is ! wig4 ,he
 is n bad himself1 t little boy2 b he is
 n at all s good z ,jean4  ,h[ old is   
,jean8 ,i ask$4  ,he is twelve ye>s old1
 monsieur4  ,& y8  ,i am t51 %e repli$1 
) a little sigh & a blu%4 ,b ,i may gr[ 
/ill1 may ,i n8 %e ask$ timidly1 look+  
up into my face s pa!tically1 t ,i _h   
h>dly suffici5t gravity to answ]1 ,yes1 
( c\rse2 y w d\btless gr[ = a long "t   
yet4  ,ah6 t is exactly :at ,jean says1 
%e exclaim$ gaily2 !n add$ 9 a l[]      
voice1 ,jean says he likes little p be/2
 b1 y see1 he may say t because he likes
 me4  ,i answ]$ no?+ to ?is2 & pres5tly 
%e r\s$ h]self f a little rev]ie1 &     
said1 ,n[ we %all dance = y1 because x  
gets late1 & ,i mu/ g home4  ,if y l to 
rema9 "h all night1 ,i said1 ! wife ( ! 
conci]ge w let y sleep 9 a little #bfe  
room (f !irs1 d[n /airs2 & :5 y h _h "s 
breakfa/1 y c !n return4  ,no1 no1 %e   
repeat$ %>ply2 ,i w n sleep "h2 ,i g    

home to ,jean4  ,w ,emile be glad to see
 y8  ,t dep5ds2 if he is cross1 he w    
beat me = /ay+ s long2 b x does n matt]2
 ,i wi%$ to /ay1 & ,i lik$ my d9n]1 &   
?is w>m fire 7%e look$ wi/fully at x74  
,monsieur is v good4 ,come1 ,m\ton1 my  
fri5d2 wake y\rself up4  ,! dog rose1   
%ook himself1 & pati5tly all[$ himself  
to be dress$ once m4 ,he took an unfair 
advantage ( 8 mi/ress1 h[ev]1 :5 %e     
knelt d[n to put on 8 %oes1 & lick$ h]  
face4 ,ah1 co*on1 h[ (t5 mu/ ,i box y\r 
e>s = t trick6 %e said1 z %e gave him a 
tap on ! side ( 8 head1 = ! lib]ty4     
,come n[1 walk along4 ,! dog pac$ sob]ly
 t[>d ! door on 8 h9d-legs4--,t is !    
anci5 regime1 %e expla9$ to me4--,n[1   
,m\ton1 %[ u h[ p walk at ! pres5t day4 
,! dog /opp$1 & at once imitat$ ! %ort1 
m9c+ /ep ( a ,p>isian belle1 %ak+ 8 hoop
 f side to side 9 mo/ ludicr\s fa%ion2 &
 z he rea*$ 8 mi/ress1 he dropp$ a      
little awkw>d c\rtesy4  ,t is well1 %e  
said4 ,n[ s+ = u l ,madame ,g----1 nam+ 
a fam\s op]a-s+]1 ^: fame 0 !n at its   

height1 & %e laid a light piece (       
music-pap] across 8 paws4 ,! dog look$  
closely d[n on ! pap] = an in/ant1 lick$
 8 lips1 look$ r\nd at an imag9>y       
audi5ce1 & !n ?r[+ back 8 head1 & fix+ 8
 black eyes on ! ceil+1 he utt]$ a h[l s
 %rill & pi]c+ t ,i /opp$ my e>s2 he !n 
ceas$ = an in/ant1 look$ at 8 music     
att5tively1 !n at 8 audi5ce1 & aga9     
utt]$ t e>-pi]c+ h[l4 ,t is en\gh1 said 
,p\cette2 b[ to ! company4 ,! dog rose &
 sank ) ! grace almo/ ( ! prima donna   
h]self4  ,n[1 ,m\ton1 we are go+ to     
dance2 & tak+ ! animal by its paw1 %e   
put ! o!r arm r\nd x1 & ! two :irl$ r\nd
 9 a waltz1 keep+ admirable "t to a tune
 :i* ,p\cette :i/l$4 ,n[ read a book1 & 
re/ y\rself :il/ ,i dance2 & aga9 !     
piece ( music 0 laid on ,m\ton's paws1 &
 he b5t 8 eyes on x1 app>5tly ) ! mo/   
devot$ att5tion1 :il/ ,p\cette slipp$ (f
 h] heavy sabots1 & ) nak$ feet ?ru/    
into a pair ( old sat9 slipp]s1 :i* %e  
produc$ f "s pocket 9 h] dress1 %e      
execut$ a sort ( fancy dance1 half      

,ca*uca1 half ,bol]o1 ?r[+ h]self into  
pretty1 graceful attitudes1 ) a /ep z   
light z a fairy's2 !n1 z %e approa*$    
,m\ton 9 ! figure1 %e lift$ ! music1 &  
tak+ him by "o paw1 %e l$ him =w>d to ! 
front ( my *air on ! po9ts ( h] toes1 ! 
two c\rtesy+ ne>ly to ! gr\nd1 :5 ,m\ton
 affectionately kiss$ 8 mi/ress on !    
*eek4  ,!re1 x is ov] n[1 said ,p\cette2
 t is all4 ,he does n "k ! m9uet        
p]fectly yet3 next week1 p]haps1 we %all
 try x = ! ,j\r de l',an4  ,well done6  
,i exclaim$1 & clapp$ my h&s4 ,he is a  
fam\s dog2 & y--y dance beautifully4    
,m\ton came to be patt$ & made mu* (2 & 
8 mi/ress n[ ann\nc$ h] int5tion ( go+  
home at once4 ,f9d+ x useless to try &  
induce h] to /ay1 ,i (f]$ to g ) h]     
myself1 & see h] safely ?r\gh ! /ill    
cr[d$ /reets2 b ?is %e firmly decl9$4   
,no1 n to-night1 %e said4 ,y may come   
to-morr[1 if y w be s k9d1 b n to-night4
 ,y h be5 v good1 monsieur2 ,i am n     
ungrateful4 ,y may come to-morr[2       
,rue----1  ,no4----1  q close to ,notre 

,dame4 ,%e took my h&1 rais$ x to h]    
lips1 c\rtesi$1 & 0 gone4  #bff  ,i     
foll[$ h] d[n /airs1 & wat*$ ! little   
figure hurry+ along ) a firm /ep1       
upright z a d>t1 ! light f ! gas-lamps  
fall+ n[ & !n on ! spangles ( h] dress1 
& mak+ !m tw9kle = an in/ant2 & ! d>k   
outl9e ( ,m\ton foll[+ closely beh9d h]1
 "u ! %ad[ ( ! h\ses4 ,pres5tly !y      
cross$ ! /reet1 & disappe>$ 9 ! di/ance2
 & ,i turn$ & walk$ up /airs to my cosey
 well-light$ room1 to ?9k ov] ! /range  
life ( a /reet danc+-girl4  ,aft] ?is1  
,i made inquiries ab\t ,p\cette 9 ! "p (
 ! t[n :]e %e liv$1 & visit$ ! man      
,emile & 8 wife (t54 ,"h ,i f\nd !      
cripple boy ,jean1 to :om ,p\cette clung
 ) a t5acity ( affection t 0 t\*+ to    
witness4 ,he _h _h a fall z an infant1 s
 8 "m said1 & nev] _h walk$2 b 8 f+]s 7 
skilful 9 mak+ toys1 baskets1 & small   
ru%-mats1 :i* ,p\cette sold dur+ h]     
daily r\nds4 ,to him %e devot$ h]       
affections1 h] life1 ) a /eady ardor n  
(t5 met ) at h] age4 ,t[>d o!rs1 %e 0   

always grave1 di/ant1 (t5 haughty &     
bitt] 9 h] expressions ( ang]1 b to him 
nev]4 ,h[ev] tir$ %e might return home  
aft] danc+ or sell+ 8 w>es on ! b\lev>d1
 %e nev] %[$ him t %e 0 s2 if he wi%$ to
 g out1 %e drew him 9 a rude wood5 sl$ge
 to ! g>d5s ( ! ,luxemb\rg2 & ! two w\ld
 sit !re by ! h\r toge!r on ,sundays1   
criticis+ ! pass]s-by z !y walk$ ab\t 9 
_! gay dresses4 ,at night1 if ! invalid 
0 re/less or 9 pa91 ,p\cette sat beside 
him1 sometimes till day dawn$1 ) a      
sympa?iz+ *e]ful face1 ready to att5d ^u
 e want4 ,!re %e %one2 b take away ,jean
 out ( h] _w1 & ,p\cette /ood =? a vix54
 ,madame ,emile1 :o 0 h]self some:at ( a
 %rew1 v[$ t if x 7 n t %e & ,jean 7 s  
b\nd up toge!r1 & no?+ c\ld sep>ate !m1 
%e mu/ h s5t away ,p\cette long ago4 ,no
 "o c\ld endure h] temp]1 monsieur1 %e  
w\ld decl>e to me2 & :5 %e began ^u ?is 
subject1 madame wax$ eloqu5t4 ,%e is a  
girl su* z !re is n besides 9 ,p>is4 ,= 
,jean1 %e w give up dress1 company1 !   
!atre1 ev]y?+2 b except = him1 %e w\ld n

 g "o /ep out ( h] way to be made an    
empress4 ,x is n natural t4 ,aft] %e    
fir/ came "h1 we _h a great deal (      
tr\ble ) h]1 & ,emile beat h] well2 b !n
 %e w\ld run away 9 a rage1 & come back 
aga9 dur+ ! night1 = fe> ,jean %\ld want
 some?+4 ,n[ we are m us$ to h]1 & we   
let h] h h] own way pretty mu*4  ,jean  
,i c\ld get no?+ out ( except a ,bonj\r1
 monsieur at ent]+ & on leav+ 8 h\se4   
,he sat sil5tly plait+ 8 mats or c>v+   
toys ) 8 long f+]s1 look+ z if he nei!r 
he>d nor und]/ood :at we 7 talk+ ab\t2 b
 he c>efully repeat$ all ! conv]sation  
aft]w>d to 8 fri5d ,p\cette1 = %e told  
me s (t5 :5 we 7 toge!r4 ,%e us$ to come
 & see me at my rooms1 :5 x 0 wet1 or   
bus9ess 0 slack2 & ,i succe$$ 9 f9d+ a  
cu/om] = h] w>es 9 a toy-m]*ant1 :o     
promis$ to take all ,jean's "w at a     
reasonable price1 & 0 lib]al t[>d ! two 
*ildr54 ,p\cette 0 ?us able to give up  
h] public danc+1 & /ay m at home2 & !   
toyman's daught] taught h] da9ty        
embroid]y1 9 :i* h] skilful f+]s soon   

excell$4 ,%e tam$ d[n wond]fully t w9t]1
 & ev5 made "s ef=ts to le>n read+1 z ,i
 sugge/$ to h] :at a s\rce ( pleasure x 
w\ld be to ,jean1 ^: ?ir/ = he>+ /ories 
relat$ 0 int5se1 if he c\ld read !m =   
himself4 ,b %e 0 v sl[ at ?is2 ! lett]s 
prov$ a heavy task to le>n1 & :5 we came
 to spell+1 ,i (t5 despair$2 /ill %e    
toil$ on1 & :5 ,i left ,p>is 9 ,may1 %e 
c\ld read a v little4  #bfg  ,six mon?s 
pass$1 & aga9 ,i turn$ my /eps to my old
 w9t]-qu>t]s4 ,! summ] & autumn _h be5  
sp5t by me p>tly 9 ,engl&1 p>tly 9      
,switz]l&4 ,my protege 0 unable to      
write1 & ,i _h he>d no?+ ( h] s9ce ,i   
left ,p>is4 ,i _h n return$ !re long]   
?an a week1 :5 ,i set (f into ! cite1 to
 discov] aga9 my little pupil4 ,x 0 mu* 
! same sort ( a day z t on :i* we _h    
fir/ met2 cold1 dank1 mi/y ra9 kept     
fall+1 & /reets 7 wet & sloppy4 ,! "p ( 
! t[n :]e ,p\cette liv$ 0 wret*$ly poor1
 d+y1 & dirty-look+1 especially 9 su*   
wea!r z ,i n[ visit$ x1 & ! reput$ haunt
 ( ?ieves & evil-do]s ( v>i\s k9ds4 ,i  

pick$ my way along n>r[ ill-pav$ /reets1
 ) ! gutt]s 9 ! middle1 & at la/ ,i     
rea*$ h] old abode4 ,!re 0 no "o /irr+  
ab\t2 b ! door 0 aj>4 ,i pu%$ x op51 &  
walk$ 94 ,! dwell+ _h once be5 "s       
nobleman's hotel 9 bygone days1 & its   
rooms 7 l>ge & l(ty1 & at pres5t ea*    
inhabit$ by diff]5t poor families4      
,emile's 0 on ! gr\nd floor--a long     
room1 =m]ly us$ ei!r z a gu>d-room or = 
play+ billi>ds 94 ,x _h "o l>ge w9d[1   
op5+ 9 ! c5t]1 & cross$ outside ) ?ick  
iron b>s1 :i* p>tially exclud$ ! light4 
,i 0 confus$ on ent]+ f ! out] air1 & at
 fir/ c\ld only p]ceive t ! room 0 fill$
 ) a cr[d ( p1 ( v>i\s ages & sexes1 b  
all ( ! l[e/ ord]1 "s sitt+1 "s /&+4 ,a 
woman came =? to meet me1 :om ,i        
recogniz$ z ,madame ,emile1 sobb+ &     
hold+ h] apron to h] eyes4 ,ah1 mon     
,dieu1 mon ,dieu6 %e :isp]$1 z %e look$ 
at me & clasp$ h] h&s pite\sly2 ! poor  
,p\cette1 h[ h>d x is6 ,monsieur1 y are 
welcome2 b ?is is a sorr[ful "t2 %e is  
mu* hurt4 ,%e l$ me g5tly ?r\gh ! v>i\s 

gr\ps1 all sorr[fully sil5t1 t[>d a l[  
pallet1 at ! head ( ! room1 :]e1 cru%$1 
ble$+1 & n[ ins5sible f pa91 lay ! =m ( 
poor ,p\cette4 ,:at is ?is8 ,i ask$ 9 a 
:isp]4 ,h[ did x happ58  ,ah1 x 0 a vile
 remise1 eag]ly answ]$ a doz5 voices4   
,%e 0 return+ home ye/]day f sell+ !    
mats1 & ! driv] 0 drunk4 ,%e fell 9     
cross+1 & he did n see h]4 ,! :eel cru%$
 h] poor *e/4 ,ah1 %e w die1 ! unhappy  
*ild6  ,:]e is ,jean8 ,i ask$4  ,8 "m   
sil5tly po9t$ out :at look$ l a bundle (
 clo!s huddl$ up 9 ! b$ beside ! dy+    
*ild4 ,%e 0 dy+1 my poor ,p\cette4 ,"o (
 ! k9d-he>t$ surgeons f ! hopital _h be5
 to see h] e>ly t morn+1 & pron\nc$ t   
beside ! bl[ on h] *e/1 :i* 0 ( itself a
 dang]\s "o1 sev]e int]nal injuries _h  
tak5 place1 :i* mu/ end h] life 9 a few 
h\rs4 ,poor ,p\cette6 ,i seat$ myself by
 ! little c\* 9 ! d>k room1 :i* 0 s soon
 to be fill$ by ! pres5ce ( dea?1 &     
pres5tly ! surgeon came aga94 ,all eyes 
turn$ anxi\sly t[>d him z he walk$ to ! 
b$1 & kneel+ d[n beside x1 c>efully     

exam9$ ! poor little suff]]1 ^: only    
sign ( consci\sness 0 a groan ( angui%  
n[ & !n4  ,c no?+ be done = h]8 ,i ask$1
 z he rose to 8 feet & /ood by ! b$1    
look+ pity+ly d[n at ! two *ildr54      
,no?+ :atev]1 he said1 ) a m\rnful %ake 
( 8 head4 ,%e w n la/ ?r\gh ! night4    
,does %e suff]8 ,i ask$4  ,acutely1 b x 
w n be = long4 ,mortification is sett+ 9
 rapidly4 ,he paus$1 !n add$3 ,%e w     
probably rega9 consci\sness at ! la/2 & 
left ! room4  ,sl[ly ! we>y h\rs glid$  
on2 gradually ! moans became weak]1 & ! 
pulse quick & fitful4 ,sudd5ly %e op5$  
h] eyes1 & look$ at me inquir+ly2 !n h] 
eyes fell #bfh on ,jean1 :o lay at h]   
side1 & utt]$ an exclamation ( joy4 ,i  
am n 9 pa9 n[1 %e said fa9tly2 t is     
ov]4--,ah1 my good monsieur1 y said y   
w\ld return4 ,i am glad4  ,i am griev$  
to f9d y ?us1 ,p\cette1 ,i :isp]$4 ,c ,i
 d any?+ = y8  ,p]haps y w\ld l to h    
,m\ton1 %e said calmly1 z if ?9k+ al\d4 
,i w keep him1 if y l x1 ,i repli$4 ,is 
!re any?+ else y w\ld l8  ,only ,jean1  

de> ,jean1 & h] s(t d>k eyes 7 fix$     
timidly yet implor+ly on my face4  ,i w 
take c>e ( ,jean4  ,! good ,god rew>d y1
 my k9d monsieur6 ,t is all t ,i want4--
 ,adieu1 madame4 ,adieu1 my good fri5ds4
 ,x is ov]4 ,j !n ,m\ton rais$ himself  
on 8 h9d-legs by ! b$1 & pe]$ anxi\sly  
into h] face4 ,%e put out h] little "r  
h&1 & g5tly patt$ 8 head2 !n1 ) a la/   
ef=t1 %e turn$ r\nd f u1 & flung "o t9y 
arm r\nd ! crippl$ boy at h] side4 ,je  
t'aime t\j\rs1 %e :isp]$1 z %e b5t ov] &
 kiss$ him4 ,x 0 a la/ ef=t4 ,a slight  
%iv] pass$ ov] ! little figure2 "o      
long-drawn sigh escap$ ! :ite lips4     
,p\cette 0 gone to h] "m2 ! w&]] _h be5 
tak5 home2 ! desolate "o 0 com=t$6  ,my 
tale is end$1 except to say t1 f t ev5+1
 ,m\ton has be5 my insep>able companion4
 ,he is by no means1 h[ev]1 z           
complaisant to me z he 0 to 8 mi/ress2  
on ! contr>y1 ,m\ton1 l _m o!r n\veaux  
ri*es1 is r a spoil$ dog1 & ! tyrant (  
my small h\sehold4 ,jean became a       
basket-mak]1 & x is n improbable t my   

fair read]s may h 9 _! possession "s ( !
 productions ( 8 skilful f+]s4 ,su* 0 ! 
fruit ( my ,*ri/mas-eve 9 ,p>is six ye>s
 ago4 ,i h nev] sp5t "o !re s9ce4  ---- 
,translat$ f ,d] ,ka?olik4  ,,dante',s  
,,div9a ,,comm$ia4   ,!re is none ( !   
,*ri/ian poets :o has ex]cis$ s great an
 influ5ce 9 ! intellectual _w z ,dante  
,alighi]i4 ,8 ,vision ( ,hell1          
,purgatory1 & ,p>adise has be51 ev] s9ce
 its appe>ance1 a m9e 9 :i* arti/s1     
poets1 philosoph]s1 !ologians1          
hi/orians1 & /atesm5 h f\nd treasures4  
,9 ,italy1 imm$iately aft] 8 dea?1      
pr(essors 7 appo9t$ 9 ! univ]sities to  
expla9 8 "w1 & numb]s ( bo? lay &       
cl]ical savants1 among !m ev5 pr9ces1   
bi%ops1 & ar*bi%ops1 took delight 9 its 
/udy & exposition4 ,) ! spread ( !      
,italian language1 on :i* ,dante has    
/amp$ = ev] ! impress ( 8 g5ius1 & ) !  
progress ( ,italian culture1 all ,europe
 became acqua9t$ ) ! ,comm$ia1 & le>n$  
to admire its beauty & its gr&eur4 ,x 0 
translat$ into o!r tongues2 le>n$       

=eign]s und]took to fa?om its dep?s2 &  
ev5 ! _s ( religi\s unity 9 ! sixte5?   
c5tury did n *eck its influ5ce ov] !    
,roman-,g]manic nations4 ,prote/ant     
translators & expositors cont5d$ ) !    
,ca?olic writ]s :o made ( ! "w ( ,dante 
a special /udy4 ,! ,g]mans especially h 
#bfi n be5 backw>d 9 ?is respect1 & to  
prove x we ne$ only "n ,kannegies]1     
,/recksufs1 ,k(is*1 ,witte1 ,wegele1 &  
,philale!s 7! pres5t k+ ( ,saxony74  ,:5
 we wi% to assign ,dante 8 prop] place 9
 ,*ri/ian art & poetry1 by comp>ison )  
antiquity1 we are rem9d$ at once ( ,hom]
 & ! v5]ation 9 :i* he 0 held by !      
,greeks4 ,b h[ has ! ,flor5t9e poet     
m]it$ su* high consid]ation8 ,is x by ! 
might ( 8 g5ius & ! peculi>ity ( 8 *os5 
!me8 ,by ! p]fection & ! poetic *>m ( 8 
expression & language8 ,by 8 deep k (   
life & ( human nature8 ,by ! philosophic
 & moral tru?s :i* he has wov5 into 8   
poem8 ,by 8 religi\s & political views8 
,or by 8 judgm5t ( hi/orical p]sonages &
 facts8  ,no d\bt all ^! h be5 help+    

causes to e/abli% ,dante's fame & give  
him ! position :i* he holds4 ,b ! true  
reason ( all ! s+ul> pr]ogatives ( !    
poet & ( ! poem1 ! reason :i* gives u ! 
key to ! "r und]/&+ ( ! ,div9e ,com$y1 &
 ( ! v>i\s & discrepant explanations (  
x1 mu/ be s\ght deep]4 ,!re is a        
pr9cipal cause ( ,dante's greatness1 f  
:i* ! second>y causes1 j nam$1 div]ge1 z
 rays ( light f a common c5tre1 & to ! k
 ( :i* only a philosophical compreh5sion
 ( hi/ory1 & especially ( poetry1 c lead
 u4 ,we %all endeavor 9 ?is essay to    
discov] ?is cause1 aft] hav+ giv5 a     
brief sket* ( ! cont5ts & ! scope ( !   
great poem4   ,i4  ,! ,comm$ia1 :i*1 9 !
 =m ( a vision1 pa9ts ! condition ( !   
s\l aft] dea?1 is divid$ into ?ree p>ts1
 ,hell1 ,purgatory1 & ,p>adise4 ,ea* "p 
consi/s ( ?irty-?ree cantos1 :i*1 ) !   
introductory canto1 make ! r\nd numb] "o
 hundr$4 ,surr\nd$ by trials & tr\bles (
 v>i\s k9ds1 ,dante is guid$ into !     
regions ( ! invisible by 8 favorite poet
 ,virgil1 :o comes to 8 assi/ance4      

,virgil "h repres5ts poetry & ! idea ( !
 poem4 ,x 0 ?r\gh him t ,dante 0 fir/ l$
 to ! s]i\s /udy ( tru?1 & to direct 8  
m9d to ! philosophical consid]ation ( ! 
condition ( mank9d4  ,our poet n[       
proce$s into ! realm ( ! damn$ s\ls1    
into ! regions ( night & hell1 :i* he   
repres5ts 9 ! =m ( a funnel hav+ n9e    
gradually n>r[+ eddies1 9 :i* ! s\ls ( !
 damn$ are revolv+ to ! ?rone ( ,satan1 
:o sits at ! top ( ! cone4 ,! n>r[] gr[ 
! circles1 ! m int5se become ! puni%m5ts
 inflict$1 9 proportion to ! increas+   
guilt ( ! culprits4 ,! l[e/ place among 
! lo/ s\ls is occupi$ by ! traitors1    
,brutus1 ,cassius1 & ,judas4  ,! p[] ( !
 devil ov] m51 & ! inexorable "* ( !    
,*ri/ian idea ( retributive ju/ice1 is  
gr&ly portray$ 9 ?is "p ( ! "w1 by      
int]weav+ ! mo/ mov+ & /rik+ episodes1 9
 :i* well-kn[n *>act]s are describ$ z   
receiv+ puni%m5t equal to _! crimes4    
,ev5 paganism is made to l5d its graces 
to increase ! sublimity ( ! picture1 &  
clo! ! ?\ghts ( ! writ] 9 poetic g>m5ts4

  ,bo? poets !n leave ! d>kness & horror
 ( hell beh9d !m1 & approa* ! regions ( 
purification or purgatory1 ov] :i*      
p]petual twilight reigns4 ,?is realm (  
tempor>y suff]+ is suppos$ by ! poet to 
be on ! opposite side ( ! e>?1 :]e !    
antipodes dwell4 ,?is abode ( ^? s\ls :o
 are be+ purifi$ & do+ p5ance = m9or    
(f5ces1 & ^: pa9s are less5$ by ! hope (
 future happ9ess1 is repres5t$ 9 ! =m ( 
a m\nta91 to ^: summit "o asc5ds by n9e 
successive degrees1 z ! desc5t ?r\gh !  
#bgj funnel ( hell 0 by n9e less5+      
circles4 ,at ! top ( ! m\nta9 is plac$ t
 e>?ly p>adise :i* 0 lo/ by ! s9s ( our 
fir/ p>5ts1 & f :i* ! way to heav5      
leads4 ,hav+ arriv$ 9 ! t]re/rial       
p>adise1 ,dante sudd5ly f9ds himself    
des]t$ by ,virgil1 :o f ! beg9n+ _h     
promis$ to guide him only s f>4 ,b      
,beatrice meets our poet "h1 ,beatrice !
 belov$ ( 8 y\?4 ,%e tea*es him ! sci5ce
 ( ,god1 &1 aid$ by ! light ( fai? &    
revelation1 :i* ,virgil _h n1 %e %[s him
 ! high] k giv5 to human reason "u !    

influ5ce ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,at h] voice &  
tea*+1 ,dante is mov$ to rep5tance = 8  
transgressions1 & %e becomes 8 future   
guide4  ,dante pa9ts 9 ! mo/ lively     
colors1 & describes ) ! greate/ beauty1 
9 episodes & conv]sations1 ! intimate   
relation ( ! s\ls 9 purgatory ) ea* o!r1
 & ) ^? !y left beh9d !m on e>?1 & ) !  
bless$ 9 heav54 ,?is latt] po9t is      
illu/rat$ by ! frequ5t appe>ance (      
angels1 :o desc5d f "t to "t into !     
dusky realms ( purgatory4  ,l$ by 8     
belov$ ,beatrice1 our poet n[ m\nts to  
heav51 & trav]ses its v>i\s sph]es1 :i* 
are repres5t$ accord+ to ! sy/em (      
,ptolemy4 ,beg9n+ by ! moon1 ! poet     
travels ?r\gh ,m]cury1 ,v5us1 ! ,sun1   
,m>s1 ,jupit]1 & ,saturn1 ! glory &     
happ9ess ( ! beatifi$ increas+ z he     
advances1 9 proportion ) _! virtues &   
hol9ess1 till he arrives at ! s-call$   
,empyrean1 at ! v ?rone ( ,god4 ,9 !    
highe/ sph]e ,dante beholds ! my/ical   
rose1 t is1 ! glory ( ! ,bless$ ,virg91 
:o is surr\nd$ by ! highe/ sa9ts &      

angels 9 ! =m ( a rose2 & among ^!      
glorifi$ spirits he sees ) delight 8    
,beatrice ne> ! ,"m ( ,god1 :o gives an 
honorable place to ^? :o _h be5 h] f]v5t
 foll[]s dur+ life4 ,! ,vision ( ,heav5 
ends by a glance at ! my/]ies ( ! ,holy 
,tr9ity & ! ,inc>nation1 :i* mortal eye1
 ?\gh sup]naturally /r5g!n$1 is unable  
to dwell ^u = excess ( light4  ,dante 9 
?is "p ( 8 "w treats ! mo/ difficult    
que/ions1 n only ( philosophy1 :i* he _h
 also done 9 ! prec$+ cantos1 b also (  
!ology1 ) ! greate/ cle>ness1 dep?1 &   
poetic grace4 ,he treats 9 x ( !        
fundam5tal ideas ( ,*ri/ianity1 ( fai?1 
hope1 & *>ity4 ,! spirits t he repres5ts
 to ! read] 9 hell1 purgatory1 & p>adise
 are by no means ! m]e wilful creations 
( 8 fancy1 b = ! mo/ "p are hi/orical   
*>act]s1 "s ( !m b little remov$ f 8 own
 "t1 o!rs contempor>y2 & ev5 ^? :i* he  
borr[s f ,judaism or paganism to        
embelli% 8 poem are symbolical1 & h an  
intimate connection ) "s reality4 ,on   
?is v acc\nt we %\ld n judge ! ,vision z

 an allegory1 al?\gh 9 _m respects x has
 ! peculi>ities ( an allegorical poem4  
,x is1 r1 a my/ic poem1 9 :i* ! deepe/  
religi\s & philosophical tru?s are      
repres5t$ "u ! %ad[ ( vision>y =ms &    
e!real similitudes2 & realities are     
rais$ to an ideal sph]e1 :]e ! m9d's eye
 c p5etrate ?r\gh _! mi/y cov]+ &       
contemplate !m to satiety4 ,b :at is !  
cause ( ! great influ5ce :i* ?is poem   
has ex]t$ on mank9d8 ,?is is ! "q :i* we
 h und]tak5 to answ]1 & :i* we %all n[  
endeavor to solve4    ,,ii4  ,z 9 !     
hi/ory ( nations & ( mank9d !re are     
c]ta9 epo*s 9 :i* ! elem5ts t _h =m$ !  
gr\ndwork ( society1 & ( national life1 
9 _! gradual developm5t1 culm9ate 9 a   
c]ta9 po9t1 :]e ! m5tal p[]s ( ! p put  
=? all _! /r5g? 9 ! production ( facts1 
or works ( v>i\s k9ds t give expression 
to ! _s #bga ( ! age2 s 9 ! hi/ory (    
poetry !re are poets & poems 9 :i* !    
rul+ ideas ( _! "t & nation appe> 9 all 
_! tru? & p[]4  ,9 ! works ( great poets
 we h1 z x 71 a copy ( ,god's creative  

p[]4 ,he seems to l5d x to ! poet4 ,(   
all ! productions ( ! human m9d1 ! poem 
has ! greate/ simil>ity ) ! works (     
,almighty p[]1 & bo? (f] to human       
contemplation beauties ev] v>y+ & ev]   
new4 ,b betwe5 ! works ( div9e & ( human
 skill !re is an ess5tial diff]5ce4 ,!  
works ( ,god express ! ?\ghts ( !       
,creator1 ^: glory & invisibility1      
accord+ to ! ,psalmi/1 ! heav5s decl>e1 
& ^: et]nal might & div9ity creatures   
proclaim2 b ) ! effects ( human g5ius x 
is entirely diff]5t4  ,e individual is b
 a memb] ( ! great :ole1 :i* we call !  
human family2 he c d no?+ alone1 b      
dep5ds on o!rs bo? = 8 mat]ial &        
spiritual support2 & ! degree ( culture 
:i* he atta9s1 ! aim :i* he proposes to 
himself 9 life1 & ! g]m ( 8 future      
progress1 are z mu* ! result ( !        
influ5ces ex]cis$ on him f ! cradle to !
 grave1 by ! family circle1 by ! s*ool1 
& by ! associations ( society1 z !y are 
! effects ( 8 own indep5d5t /r5g? &     
orig9ality4 ,h5ce ! "w ( ! poet1 no     

matt] h[ great he may be1 is n to be    
consid]$ ! exclusive product ( !        
individual1 = x mu/ be> on x ! /amp ( 8 
education1 & ( ! p among :om he dwells1 
& ( ! age 9 :i* he lives4 ,z ! wat]s ( a
 lake d n m]ely reflect _! own color1 b 
also ! gre5 %ore ( ! surr\nd+ woods &   
hills1 ! pass+ cl\ds1 ! deep blue ( !   
heav5s above1 & ( ! />s t glitt] 9 x2 s 
9 ! poem we see n only ! s\l ( its      
creator1 b e great emotion t swell$ 9 ! 
brea/ ( ! m5 ( 8 age & nation4 ,9 a ^w1 
we see ! :ole circle ( contempor>y ideas
 m or less vividly express$ 9 x4 ,nor   
are ! productions ( human g5ius less5$  
by ?is fact2 !y are1 on ! contr>y1      
enhanc$ 9 value4 ,= x is no long] "o    
p]son1 ) 8 subjective views ( 8 own _w &
 life1 :o speaks to u 9 !m1 b x is ! _s 
( a portion ( mank9d1 express+ to u !   
ideas ( a c]ta9 /age 9 ! progress (     
civilization4  ,n[1 if su* a "w ( g5ius 
be at ! same "t ! f\ndation ( a fur!r   
developm5t 9 ! future1 & ( su* a "* t x 
repres5ts ! condition n only ( "o       

nation1 b ( sev]al2 & if ! ideas :i* x  
conta9s & :i* sway m5 be su* z by _!    
tru? & univ]sality ov]leap ! limits ( "t
 & space2 !n su* a p[] w ma9ta9 its hold
 ^u ! admiration & e/eem ( m51 n only 9 
a c]ta9 epo* & among a c]ta9 p1 b = ev] 
& among all nations :]e ! same ord] (   
civilization reigns4 ,poets :o are      
di/+ui%$ above o!rs by ! creative p[] & 
sup]iority ( _! g5ius 9 ! production (  
su* a "w1 are n m]ely ! poets ( "o age1 
or ( "o nation1 b !y belong to all times
 & to all nations4 ,!y w n be m]ely read
 once1 & !n ?r[n aside2 b !y w be       
rep]us$ & /udi$ ) ev] increas+ pleasure4
  ,! age ( ,dante 0 an epo* ( ?is "*    
among ! ,*ri/ian nations4 ,he has h>dly 
8 sup]ior z a poet1 ei!r among ! anci5ts
 or ! mod]ns4 ,h5ce1 if we contemplate !
 ,comm$ia f ?is po9t ( view1 we %all be 
able n only to und]/& ! g5]al scope ( ! 
"w1 b ev5 to compreh5d ) ease all its   
details & peculi>ities4  ,b 9 ord] to %[
 t ! p]iod at :i* ,dante appe>$ 7!      
second half ( ! ?irte5? & ! beg9n+ ( !  

f\rte5? c5tury7 0 "o l t :i* we h       
describ$1 we mu/ briefly recall to m9d !
 condition ( ! ,*ur*1 ( ! /ate ( sci5ce 
& art1 & give #bgb expression to ! _s ( 
! age 9 a sci5tific =mula4  ,if we !n   
look at ! ,*ur*1 we f9d h] display+ su* 
fecundity & p[] z we %all h>dly f9d at  
any o!r p]iod 9 h] hi/ory4 ,%e is n only
 busy 9 ! "w ( conv]t+ ! /ill pagan     
nations ( ,europe1 especially 9 ! nor?1 
& /r5g!n+ ! fai? among believ]s by      
missions1 voyages1 & diplomacy2 by !    
f\ndation ( new congregations &         
bi%oprics2 by c\ncils2 by /r+5cy (      
ext]nal discipl9e1 & great] solemnity 9 
! public wor%ip2 b also by ! int]nal    
re=mation effect$ by su* m5 z popes     
,alex&] ,,iii41 ,innoc5t ,,iii41 &      
,innoc5t ,,iv41 :o cont9u$ ! good "w    
begun by ,gregory ,,vii41 ( free+ !     
,*ur* f ! oppressions ( secul> p[]4 ,!y 
succe$$ at l5g? 9 propagat+ & realiz+   
among ! ,*ri/ian nations ( ! ,we/ ! idea
 ( "o va/ spiritual community1 "u !     
head%ip ( "o spiritual rul]1 :o1 in/ead 

( de/roy+ national div]sity &           
indep5d5ce1 protect$ & favor$ !m4 ,?is  
idea prevail$ ?r\gh ! ag5cy ( ! supreme 
pontiffs ov] ! pagan idea s *]i%$ by !  
emp]ors ( a univ]sal mon>*y4 ,!         
crusades1 too1 fo/]$ & l$ by ! ,*ur*1 & 
:i* are ! cle>e/ expression ( ! ?or\ghly
 ,*ri/ian _s ( ^? c5turies1 br+ ! ,we/  
into clos] intimacy ) ! ,ea/1 & enri* ! 
=m] ) all ! mat]ial & spiritual         
treasures ( ! latt]4 ,!n arise ^? great 
ord]s :i*--half religi\s & half secul>1 
z ! ,knights ,hospitall]s & ! ,templ>s1 
or entirely religi\s1 l ! ,dom9icans &  
,franciscans--def5d$ ! ,*ur*1 c>$ = !   
sick & ! poor1 sacrific$ !mselves 9     
spread+ ,*ri/ian fai? & morality1 & gave
 bir? to c\ntless in/itutions ( *>ity4  
,if we n[ glance at ! political         
condition ( ! p1 a spectacle equally gr&
 z t j describ$ (f]s itself to our view4
 ,on ! imp]ial ?rone ( ,g]many appe> ^? 
p[]ful pr9ces ( ! h\se ( ,hoh5/auf51 :o 
cont5d$ s h]oically ) ! papacy = !      
success ( ! ,ghibell9e idea ( a univ]sal

 mon>*y1 b :o 9 ! end 7 wor/$ 9 ! fight2
 :ile 9 ,france a ,/4 ,l\is ,,ix41 & 9  
,engl& a ,ri*>d ! ,lion-he>t$1 excite ! 
admiration ( ! _w4 ,9 ,italy1 ev5 9 !   
mid/ ( ! /ruggle betwe5 ! secul> & !    
spiritual p[]s1 & betwe5 ! ,guelphs &   
,ghibell9es1 mighty republics spr+ up "u
 ! protection ( ! ,*ur*2 & 9 ! o!r      
nations also we see a p[]ful ef=t =     
national indep5d5ce & fre$om appe>+ 9 ! 
_m guilds1 corporations1 free cities1   
/ates1 & p>liam5ts :i* 7 ev]y:]e ris+   
into a dignifi$ exi/5ce4 ,b above all1 !
 ord] ( *ivalry 9 ! twelf? & ?irte5?    
c5turies--an ord] :i* ev5 yet ?r[s su* a
 halo ( poetry & romance ar\nd ! middle 
ages 9 :i* x n\ri%$1 walk+ h& 9 h& )    
religion1 :i* _h consecrat$ x--help$ mu*
 to civilize ! b>b>ian "* ( ! age1 &    
improve ! moral condition ( society4  ,z
 to sci5ce 9 ! epo* ( :i* we write1 x 0 
mo/ly occupi$ 9 ! inve/igation ( ^?     
subjects :i* lay next ! ,*ri/ian he>t ( 
! p2 namely1 9 !ology1 philosophy1 &    
e?ics4 ,& h[ great has be5 its success6 

,:at great results has n m$iaeval sci5ce
 effect$6 ,i ne$ only m5tion ! immortal 
names ( ,anselem ( ,cant]bury1 ( ,/4    
,b]n>d1 ,alb]t ! ,great1 ,?omas ,aqu9as1
 ,bonav5ture1 ,rog] ,bacon1 & ,v9c5t (  
,beauvais2 m5 ^: works 9 !ology1        
philosophy1 hi/ory1 & 9 ! natural       
sci5ces1 rema9 to ! pres5t "t z monum5ts
 ( g5ius1 h>dly equall$ by anci5t or    
mod]n productions4  ,at ?is p]iod1 too1 
sprang up ! univ]sities1 :i* realize 9  
_! conception ! univ]sal idea (         
ca?olicity4 ,!y 7 f\nd$ 9 e l&1 & all ! 
sci5ces 7 taught 9 #bgc !m4 ,! ,*ur*    
h]self1 9 ! ,c\ncil ( ,vi5ne1 9 #acaa1  
decre$ t1 beside ! *airs ( !ology1      
philosophy1 m$ic9e1 & jurisprud5ce1 !re 
%\ld be 9 ! f\r pr9cipal univ]sities1 & 
:]ev] ! papal c\rt %\ld be held1        
pr(essors ( ,hebrew1 ,*aldaic1 ,arabic1 
& ,greek4 ,b :at especially %[s !       
intellectual b5t ( ?is age is ! zeal &  
y\?ful ardor manife/$ 9 e rank = all !  
diff]5t bran*es ( sci5ce4 ,popes1       
emp]ors1 k+s1 & nobles emulat$ ea* o!r 9

 ?is respect1 & consecrat$ _! en]gies to
 ! fur!rance ( le>n+4  ,if we n[ turn to
 ! /ate ( art & poetry1 on e side ! old 
ca!drals & monum5ts erect$ 9 ! twelf? & 
?irte5? c5turies meet our eyes1 & 9 _!  
v>i\s /yles ( ,go?ic & ,roman           
ar*itecture excite our admiration1 fill 
u ) holy awe1 &1 z !y lift _! spires to 
heav51 speak m eloqu5tly ( ! greatness (
 ! _s & ae/hetic feel+ ( ! p ?an any    
words ( ours c\ld d4 ,9 ! suite (       
ar*itecture ! o!r arts foll[$ & 7       
elevat$ to its height2 & ev5 be=e       
,dante1 & contemporane\sly ) him1 liv$ !
 f\nd]s ( ! ,italian s*ools ( pa9t+ &   
sculpture1 :i* s soon aft] atta9$ to su*
 p]fection4 ,z = poetry1 we ne$ only    
rememb] t at ?is "t mo/ ( ! mod]n       
languages began to be develop$ & become 
! m$iums ( lit]ature4 ,x 0 ! gay "t ( ! 
tr\bad\rs & inc5se-s+]s1 says ,vilm>1 9 
8 ,hi/ory ( ,g]man ,national ,lit]ature1
 9 :i* ! melody ( song rang out f hamlet
 to hamlet1 f city to city1 f ca/le to  
ca/le1 & c\rt to c\rt1 & a ?\s& h>moni\s

 e*oes1 ne> & f>1 f hill & valley1      
answ]$ out ( ! p's he>t4 ,x 0 ! fir/    
classic p]iod ( ,g]man lit]ature1 9 :i* 
! national & arti/ic epic appe> well    
develop$ 9 su* works z ! ,nibelung51    
,gudrun1 ,p>ceval1 & o!rs4  ,no d\bt !re
 are %ad[s on ! picture ( ! age j       
describ$1 z !re are 9 our own4 ,b /ill1 
:oev] consid]s ! facts we h alleg$1 _c  
fail to admit ! age z a real epo* 9 !   
hi/ory ( ! ,*ri/ian _w1 unless he is    
bl9d or wilfully %uts 8 eyes to ! light4
 ,9 view ( ^! facts1 also1 he mu/       
p]ceive t ! civilization ( ! v>i\s we/]n
 nations 0 mo/ intimately connect$2 t x 
re/$ on ! same common f\ndation2 & t !  
ideas :i* rul$ !m & con/itut$ _! vital  
pr9ciple 7 et]nally & univ]sally true1 &
 became ! plat=m ( succe$+ intellectual 
evolution4 ,h5ce1 ^? nations1 ?\gh      
diff]+ 9 orig9 & political indep5d5ce1  
made b "o gr& spiritual community1 b\nd 
toge!r by a common fai? & a common *ur*4
 ,b if we w\ld n[ express ! _s ( ?is    
epo* 9 a philosophical =mula1 we %\ld   

say t x 0 ! p]iod 9 :i* ! ,roman &      
,g]manic races 7 conv]t$ to ,*ri/ianity 
aft] ! decease ( ! old _w & ( pagan     
civilization2 & aft] ^! races _h become 
a spiritual community "u ! hi]>*y ( !   
popes1 & become b\nd toge!r "u !        
gov]nm5t ( "o worldly empire1 aft] v>i\s
 combats ) outw>d enemies & triumphs ov]
 int]nal elem5ts ( discord2 :5 ^! races 
_h appropriat$ to !mselves ,*ri/ianity z
 _! vital elem5t1 & recogniz$ x z ! p[] 
:i* mov$ & gov]n$ ! _w1 & s\ght to      
produce1 realize1 & use ,*ri/ian ideas 9
 e direction1 9 ! sci5ces1 9 arts1 9    
society1 9 ! /ate1 & 9 ! ,*ur*4 ,!      
,prote/ant1 ,vilm>1 :om we h already    
cit$1 agrees ) ?is ass]tion1 :5 he      
writes3 ,x 0 ! _s ( ,*ri/ianity :i* _h  
become ! _s ( ! we/]n nations1 & :i*    
inspir$1 9 ! highe/ degree1 ! high]     
ranks ( society1 ! nobility1 & ! cl]gy2 
& :i* p5etrat$ into ! masses1 n s mu* z 
a !ory1 b z a fact--n z a sci5ce1 b z an
 elem5t ( _! life2 x 0 ,*ri/ianity1 n z 
a simple doctr9e or idea1 b z a         

practical #bgd boon & b5efit2 x 0 a joy 
to ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* & to its int]nal &  
ext]nal glory1 & a bless+ ) its gifts1 m
 g5]al ?an x has be5 s9ce1 & s /rong t  
ev5 ! /ruggle betwe5 ! popes & !        
emp]ors1 = ov] two c5turies1 c\ld n     
affect ! great happ9ess ( m5 ^: social &
 individual exi/5ce 0 actuat$ by ! _s ( 
,*ri/ianity4    ,,iii4  ,tak+1 !re=e1   
?is compreh5sive view ( ! /ate (        
society2 consid]+ ! triumph ( ! ,*ri/ian
 idea 9 hi/ory1 ! consci\sness (        
,*ri/ianity z ! pr9ciple ( life 9 !     
newly-organiz$ _w1 & ! /ruggle ( ?is    
elem5t to m\ld & fa%ion ev]y?+ accord+  
to its nature1 we may easily answ] ! "q 
z to ! "* ( a poem :i* %\ld ?or\ghly    
express ! _s ( ! age4 ,x w\ld n be h>d  
to %[ t ! ,div9e ,com$y ( ,dante d]iv$  
its matt]1 its =m1 its "n1 & its s5tim5t
 f ! peculi> condition ( ! epo*4 ,9     
fact1 any poem t repres5ts1 ! conque/ ( 
! ,*ri/ian idea 9 all conditions (      
private & public life mu/ ev] ex]cise   
great influ5ce ov] m54 ,b 9 ord] to give

 a poetical repres5tation ( ?is ?\ght1 !
 poet %\ld *oose a framework suffici5tly
 l>ge to conta9 ! va/ picture 9 :i* ,god
 & man1 heav5 & e>?1 nature & grace1    
creation & r$emption1 pa/1 pres5t1 &    
future1 sci5ce & life1 *ur* & /ate1     
appe>2 & su* a framework 0 (f]$ to him 9
 ! ,*ri/ian idea ( ! judgm5t1 ( ,god1 & 
( ! exi/5ce ( ! o!r _w1 9 its ?ree      
divisions ( hell1 purgatory1 & p>adise4 
,n[1 only by c>ry+ up ord9>y facts to   
?is high]1 ideal sph]e 0 x possible to  
ov]leap ! limits ( "t & space1 & give   
great] unity to ! picture1 & make x a   
ma/]piece4 ,b he :o lives "h bel[ is    
ignorant ( ! future1 & ( ! condition ( !
 dep>t$ s\ls4 ,only by a sup]natural    
revelation c we "k _! lot4 ,consequ5tly1
 ! =m ( a wond]ful vision1 9 :i* ! poet 
ent]s into communion ) ! spirits ( !    
dead1 & w&]s ?r\gh _! regions1 is ! mo/ 
natural mann] ( repres5t+ 8 idea 9 !    
poem2 consequ5tly1 x %\ld be call$ by "r
 a div9e drama1 a ,div9a ,comm$ia1 z !  
mo/ appropriate title4  ,! true scope ( 

! poem1 !re=e1 mu/ n be s\ght = ei!r 9 a
 purely religi\s1 or a purely political1
 or a purely sci5tific or p]sonal po9t (
 view2 b 9 ! prosecution ( a f> m g5]al1
 compreh5sive1 high]1 philosophic1      
!ological1 & p>ticul>ly moral or e?ical 
object1 to :i* all ! details ( ! "w are 
subord9at$4 ,h5ce1 he :o exam9es ^!     
details f ?is or t /&-po9t may give !m !
 mo/ diff]5t explanations1 z 9 fact _m  
comm5tators ( ! poem d--n hav+ fa?om$   
its dep?s & p]ceiv$ ! g5]al object ( !  
sacr$ epic4  ,dante himself leaves u no 
reason to d\bt on ?is po9t4 ,9 8        
d$icatory epi/le to ,c>d9al ,gr&e della 
,scala1 he speaks ?us3 ,! mean+ ( ?is   
poem is n simple1 b multiple4 ,! fir/   
s5se is 9 ! words1 ! second 9 ! ?+s     
express$3 ! "o is call$ lit]al1 ! o!r   
moral or allegorical4 ,tak5 lit]ally1 ! 
:ole "w is simple1 & expresses !        
condition ( s\ls aft] dea?1 = ?is is    
express$ by ! :ole t5or ( ! poem4 ,b    
tak5 9 ! high] s5se1 its object is man1 
ei!r des]v+ rew>ds or *a/isem5ts ?r\gh !

 ex]cise ( 8 free w4 ,& if we wi% to "n 
! k9d ( philosophy conta9$ 9 ! "w1 we   
mu/ call x moral1 or e?ics4 ,= ! :ole   
t5ds to practice & action1 & is n cont5t
 ) simple contemplation & speculation4  
,giacomo di ,dante1 ! son ( ! poet1     
develops m cle>ly ! scope ( ! "w1 9 !   
preface to 8 #bge comm5t>y4 ,! :ole "w1 
says he1 is divid$ into ?ree p>ts2 !    
fir/ ( :i* treats ( hell1 ! second (    
purgatory1 & ! ?ird ( p>adise4 ,9 ord]  
to und]/& ! g5]al allegorical be>+1 ,i  
say t ! object ( ! poet is to repres5t  
to u 9 figurative language ! ?ree sev]al
 divisions ( mank9d4 ,! fir/ "p consid]s
 vice 9 man1 & is call$ hell1 to %[ u t 
mortal s9 by its dep? ( iniquity is     
directly oppos$ to ! sublimity ( virtue4
 ,! second contemplates ^? :o deta*     
!mselves f vice & /rive aft] virtue4 ,8 
place = su* p]sons he calls purgatory1  
or place ( purification1 to %[ !        
condition ( ! s\l1 :i* cleanses itself f
 its s9s 9 "t1 = "t is ! m$ium 9 :i* all
 *anges happ54 ,! ?ird consid]s p]fect  

man1 & is call$ p>adise1 9 ord] to      
express ! greatness ( its bliss1 & !    
elevation ( m9d connect$ ) x2 two ?+s   
)\t :i* a k ( ! supreme good _c be      
atta9$4 ,& ?us ! poet pursues 8 object  
?r\gh ! ?ree sev]al p>ts ( 8 poem by    
means ( ! figures & repres5tations ) :i*
 he surr\nds himself4  ,b ! poet1 9 ord]
 to realize 8 gr& idea1 %\ld be gift$ n 
only ) ! highe/ poetical g5ius 9 ord] to
 repres5t ! philosophical pr9ciples (   
,*ri/ianity 9 ! peculi> *>act]s & types 
( ,*ri/ian art1 & give !m a new1        
indep5d5t1 & maje/ic appe>ance2 b he    
%\ld be also possess$1 on ! "o h&1 ( a  
cle> & p]fect k ( ,*ri/ian doctr9e &    
e?ics1 & a deep & ext5sive k (          
philosophy & !ology2 &1 on ! o!r1 ( a   
pr(\nd & ext5sive acqua9tance ) m5 &    
human life1 z well z ) ! hi/ory ( !     
human race4 ,bo? ^! requisites are f\nd 
9 ,dante 9 ! highe/ degree4 ,*ri/ian    
fai? & morality is z well & correctly   
expla9$ by him z by ! be/ approv$       
!ologians4 ,b ?is fact w n excite our   

surprise if we consid] t1 9 8 ,vision1  
)\t h[ev] sacrific+ 8 individuality1 he 
adh]es /rictly to ! great doctors ( !   
age1 ,sa9ts ,?omas ,aqu9as &            
,bonav5ture1 z ,k+ ,john ( ,saxony      
cle>ly proves 9 8 comm5t>y on ! ,div9e  
,com$y4  ,h5ce1 at an e>ly p]iod        
,dante's "w became a favorite !me (     
s*ola/ic /udy1 & "u ! portal ( ! ca!dral
 at ,flor5ce !re is se5 an old /atue ( !
 poet ne> t ( ! patron sa9t ( ! city1 ) 
?is inscription3 ,!ologus ,dante1       
nullius dogmatis exp]s--,dante !        
!ologian1 to :om no dogma 0 unkn[n4 ,9 !
 ,raphael *amb] 9 ! ,vatican1 he is     
repres5t$ cr[n$ ) laurel on ! fam\s     
pa9t+ ( ! disputa1 among ! popes1       
bi%ops1 & doctors assembl$ r\nd ! holy  
sacram5t ( ! alt>4  ,an occasional writ]
 has suspect$ ! fai? ( ,dante1 because 9
 8 poem he deplores sev]al abuses 9 !   
,*ur*1 su* z ! corruption ( "s ( ! cl]gy
 & monks1 & la%es "s ( ! popes & !      
relation ( ! papacy to ! secul> p[] 9 8 
"t4 ,b su* a suspicion is unw>rant$ :5  

we consid] t _m ,ca?olic re=m]s1 ev5    
sa9ts l ,pet] ,dami51 ,sa9t ,?omas (    
,cant]bury1 ,sa9t ,b]n>d1 ,sa9t         
,hildeg>d1 ,jacopone1 & o!rs1 h spok5   
ev5 m /rongly ?an ,dante aga9/ abuses2 &
 t he nev] conf\nds ! use ) ! abuse1    
excresc5ces ( an in/itution ) !         
in/itution itself1 or p]sons )          
pr9ciples4  ,dante's ?or\gh k ( human   
life & ( hi/ory is fully %[n 9 8        
surpris+ explanations1 & by ! mann] 9   
:i* ) "o trait he pa9ts ! fam\s *>act]s 
& facts 9 ! ,comm$ia1 z well z by !     
examples & n>rations :i* he takes f all 
times1 regions1 & nations ( ! e>?4 ,b 9 
8 judgm5t ( p]sons & facts 9 ! pa/ &    
pres5t1 ,dante is n always imp>tial or  
j1 =1 be+ #bgf subject to human         
frailties & prejudices1 he is (t5 guilty
 ( great inju/ice to ^? aga9/ :om he _h 
motives ( hatr$4 ,consequ5tly1 9 ord] to
 appreciate ,dante's poem on ?is po9t1  
we mu/ consid] ! "* ( 8 life & =tunes1 z
 well z ! hi/ory ( 8 native city &      
c\ntry4  ,dante ,alighi]i 0 born at     

,flor5ce 9 ! ye> #abfe1 & receiv$ 9     
baptism ! "n ( ,durante1 :i* 0 %ort5$ to
 t ( ,dante4 ,e>ly 9 8 y\? an ev5t      
happ5$ :i* det]m9$ 8 life1 & to :i*     
po/]ity is indebt$ = 8 great "w4 ,9 !   
ye> #abgd1 9 ! n9? ye> ( 8 age1 ,dante  
saw1 at a *ur* fe/ival1 ! daught] (     
,falco ,port9>i1 ,beatrice1 a *ild eight
 ye>s old1 :om he says1 9 "o ( 8 poems1 
no "o c\ld see )\t cry+ out1 ,?is is n a
 woman1 b "o ( ! mo/ beautiful ( !      
heav5ly angels6 ,he conceiv$ = h]1 on ! 
spot1 ! mo/ viol5t passion1 b1 at ! same
 "t1 "o s pure & holy t ,beatrice1 ev5  
on e>? & w$d$ to ano!r1 became = him & 8
 muse a p]fect ideal t inspir$ all 8    
fir/ & t5d]e/ poems1 & mov$ him to high 
& holy ?\ghts4 ,b aft] ,beatrice's      
untimely dea?1 %e became1 9 ! imag9ation
 ( ! poet1 a holy _s1 ^: glory he       
und]took to exalt aft] a wond]ful vision
 :i* he _h1 & :o became1 9 all ! sorr[s 
( 8 life1 a /> ( hope & an*or ( safety  
to him4 ,a few ye>s aft] ! decease ( 8  
belov$1 ,dante esp\s$ ,gemma di ,donati1

 a lady ( a noble family 9 ,flor5ce1 &  
?r\gh ?is m>riage1 z well z by 8 pr(\nd 
!ological & philosophical /udies1 he 0  
drawn into ! vortex ( ! politics ( 8    
native city1 9 :i*1 aft] _m /ruggles1 ! 
,guelph p>ty ga9$ ! asc5d5cy1 t[>d ! end
 ( ! ?irte5? c5tury4  ,sprung f a       
,guelph family & surr\nd$ by ,guelph    
influ5ces1 & prom95t by 8 g5ius 9 !     
p>ty1 al?\gh keep+ cle> ( its excesses1 
,dante1 f #abic to #abii1 fill$ _m po/s 
( honor1 especially _m places (         
ambassador1 & 0 elect$1 ) five o!rs1 9 !
 ye> #acjj1 to ! priorate1 ! highe/     
(fice 9 ! republic4 ,b soon aft] 8      
prosp]\s c>e] 0 *ang$ to "o ( mis=tune4 
,9 #abib a division 0 made 9 ! ,guelph  
p>ty1 :51 "u ! tribune ,giano della     
,bella1 ! con/itution ( ! /ate 0 *ang$1 
! nobles driv5 f ! magi/racy1 & !       
gov]nm5t ( ! city giv5 entirely into !  
h&s ( ! plebeians2 & ?is division l$    
gradually to an op5 rupture betwe5 !    
p>ties call$ ! ,blacks & ! ,:ites ,n]i &
 ,bian*i4 ,! latt] 7 by f> ! m mod]ate1 

& ! ,ghibell9es1 bo? nobles & plebeians1
 jo9$ !m4 ,dante belong$ to ! ,:ites1 :o
 /ood at ! head ( affairs4 ,b by !      
int]f]5ce ( ,*>les ( ,valois1 :om !     
,blacks call$ to ,flor5ce 9 ord] to     
seize ! gov]nm5t ) 8 aid1 ! ,:ites lo/  
_! p[]1 & ,dante1 :o 0 !n on an embassy 
to ,rome1 toge!r ) ! o!r *iefs ( ! p>ty1
 0 exil$ by a decree1 :i* 0 repeal$ 9 ! 
ye> #acjb4  ,?is trial 0 important 9 two
 ways to our poet4 ,x excit$ 8 hatr$    
aga9/ "o p>ty ( ! ,guelphs1 & !n aga9/  
!m all2 & evok$ 8 incl9ation = !        
,ghibell9es & 8 dislike t[>d ! popes1 :o
 gave assi/ance to ! ,guelph p>ty1 &    
f9ally made him a /rong p>tisan ( !     
,ghibell9es & _! op]ations aga9/        
,flor5ce1 & ( ! empire aga9/ ! papacy4  
,on ! o!r h&1 he became1 by 8 mis=tunes1
 m devot$ to virtue1 8 /udies1 & 8 poem1
 f ! prosecution ( :i* he _h be5        
di/ract$ by political c>es2 s t ! :ole  
hi/ory ( 8 exile is no?+ else ?an !     
hi/ory ( 8 sci5tific life & ! execution 
( ! ,div9e ,com$y4 ,aft] hav+ w&]$ f    

city to city1 f c\ntry to c\ntry1 to    
,v]ona1 ,bologna1 ,padua1 ,p>is1 &      
,engl&1 & dwelt = a "t 9 ,pisa1 & 9 #bgg
 ,lucca at ! mona/]y ( ,fonteavelluna & 
9 ,ud9e1 & aft] hav+ f9i%$ 8 great      
works--,! ,banquet1 ,de ,vulg>i         
,eloquio1 ,de ,mon>*ia--& ! ?ree p>ts ( 
8 great poem1 he re/$ at la/ 9 ,rav5na1 
:]e1 9 ! ye> #acba1 he fell sick & di$1 
9 ! #ef? ye> ( 8 age1 aft] hav+ receiv$1
 z ,boccacio tells u1 ! la/ sacram5ts ) 
humility & piety1 & become reconcil$ to 
,god by true rep5tance = all he _h done 
contr>y to 8 holy w4 ,! poet 0 buri$ 9 !
 ,franciscan *ur*1 :]e 8 a%es /ill      
repose4  ,?is sket* ( 8 life & =tunes   
gives u ! key to ! solution ( _m        
peculi>ities ( ! ,div9e ,com$y4 ,we c n[
 und]/& :y politics play s conspicu\s a 
role 9 ! great poem1 9 spite ( its high]
 philosophico-!ological & e?ical scope2 
& :y "s %\ld h consid]$ ! "w z ( a      
purely political "*4 ,?is sket* ( 8 life
 also %[s ! p>tial tru? conta9$ 9 !     
ass]tion ( ,wegele1 a ,g]man comm5tator 

on ,dante4 ,?is writ] says ! lead+ ?\ght
 ( ! poet 0 to "w out 8 own salvation by
 consid]+ ! /ate ( ! _w at 8 "t2 & 9    
fact ,dante f\nd consolation & /r5g?    
aga9/ e>?ly mis=tune1 f\nd ! way (      
virtue & et]nal salvation1 9 ! execution
 ( 8 poem4 ,= simil> reasons1 o!rs      
consid]$ ! poem z purely didactic1 & ?is
 view has a f\ndation 9 ! confession ( !
 poet himself4  ,b above all1 ! life (  
,dante expla9s 8 ideas ab\t ! relations 
betwe5 ! papacy & ! empire1 express$ n  
only 9 8 book on mon>*y1 b also 9 !     
,div9e ,com$y2 & 8 /range judgm5ts ab\t 
p]sons & circum/ances1 especially ( 8   
own age4 ,x is true ,dante nev] = a     
mom5t disputes ! primacy & div9e        
appo9tm5t ( ! popes 9 ! ,*ur*2 & ev5 9  
hell he describes ^? pontiffs :om he    
condemns to x z hav+ c]ta9 di/9ctions4  
,he ma9ta9s 9 ! cle>e/ mann] ! fre$om & 
indep5d5ce ( ! div9e p[] 9 reg>d to !   
secul>1 & ackn[l$ges a c]ta9 sup]iority 
9 ! =m]1 = he requires t ,caes> %\ld h t
 rev]5ce = ,pet] :i* ! fir/-born son    

%\ld h to 8 fa!r1 s t ,caes>1 illum9at$ 
by ! light ( pat]nal grace1 might %9e m 
brilliantly ov] ! e>?4 ,b z ,dante 0    
possess$ ) ! ,ghibell9e idea1 & z he saw
 9 ! temporal p[] ( ! popes1 :o 7 ! head
 ( ! ,guelph p>ty1 ! greate/ ob/acle to 
! success ( 8 pr9ciples1 we mu/ n be    
surpris$ to f9d him ! enemy ( ! pope's  
temporal p[]1 &1 9 8 judgm5t ( m5 & ?+s1
 to see him frequ5tly l$ away by p>ty   
rage & rev5ge = injuries receiv$4       
,dante1 h[ev]1 0 noble & ,*ri/ian en\gh 
to keep 8 eyes op5 ev5 to ! faults ( 8  
own p>ty1 & he sp>$ n ev5 ! heads ( !   
,ghibell9es1 z ,fr$]ic ,,ii4 & o!r noble
 & popul> p]sons1 if !y seem$ to him    
des]v+ ( blame4 ,nor mu/ we imag9e t    
,dante really ?\ght all ^? 7 9 hell :om 
he places !re1 any m ?an he ?\ght ! real
 pa9s ( hell 7 su* z he describ$ !m3    
only ! vulg> c\ld believe ?is4 ,^?      
p]sons 7 only su* z 9 8 eyes 7 guilty ( 
mortal s9s2 & ! puni%m5ts inflict$ 7 su*
 z 8 fancy conceiv$ to be adequate to ! 
guilt4 ,b we mu/ be> 9 m9d t 8 judgm5ts 

mu/ always be receiv$ ) caution :5 !re  
is "q ( facts1 p]sons1 & circum/ances   
connect$ ) ! opposite p>ty2 & we h ! "r 
to exam9e & correct ! criticisms (      
,dante by ! light ( hi/ory4 ,dante1 =   
in/ance1 goes s f> z to put 9 hell ev5  
,pope ,cele/9e1 :o1 aft] gov]n+ ! ,*ur* 
= six mon?s1 tir$ ( ! ti>a1 w5t into    
solitude2 because1 9 ! op9ion ( ! poet1 
,cele/9e r5\nc$ ! pontificate ?r\gh     
timidity & weakness1 & made way #bgh = !
 hat$ ,boniface1 ,,viii4 ,! ,*ur*1 on ! 
contr>y1 puts ,cele/9e among ! sa9ts on 
acc\nt ( 8 extraord9>y virtues4  ,b let 
u n[ turn f ! d>k side ( ! picture1 & f 
! weakness ( ! great man1 to take a view
 ( ! =tunes ( ! ,comm$ia 9 ! c\rse ( six
 c5turies4 ,we h already 9 ! beg9n+ (   
?is essay spok5 ( ! great numb] (       
editions1 translations1 & comm5t>ies on 
! great "w1 & 9 ?is respect no o!r "w c 
comp>e ) x except ! ,holy ,scripture & !
 ,foll[+ ( ,*ri/4 ,b ^! pro(s (         
admiration & /udy ( ! ,div9e ,com$y are 
n equally divid$ among ! c5turies1 & !  

rec5t & r5[n$ writ] ( ,dante's life1    
,c\nt ,caes> ,balbo1 ju/ly rem>ks t1 at 
^? p]iods 9 :i* an e>ne/ religi\s &     
truly patriotic feel+ p]vad$ ! fa!rl& ( 
! poet & ,*ri/ian ,europe 9 g5]al1 ^?   
pro(s are to be f\nd 9 great] numb] ?an 
:5 ! k & /udy ( supreme tru? _h gr[n    
less1 love ( religion & c\ntry _h di$ or
 gone a/ray1 & ! m9ds ( m5 sunk 9 !     
e>?ly & ! s5sible4 ,?us1 9 ! fifte5?    
c5tury1 aft] ! inv5tion ( ! art ( pr9t+1
 n9ete5 or tw5ty editions ( ,dante      
appe>$2 9 ! sixte5? c5tury1 =ty2 9 !    
sev5te5?1 only ?ree2 9 ! eighte5?1      
?irty-f\r2 9 ! n9ete5?1 up to #ahci1 ov]
 sev5ty1 & p]haps up to ! pres5t ye> "o 
hundr$4 ,?is is a /rik+ pro( ( !        
increas+ love ( ! spiritual 9 our       
c5tury1 9 spite ( ! great influ5ce (    
mat]ialism4  ,b 9 ?is age ( surprises & 
contradictions1 a new glory ( :i* he _h 
nev] dreamt has be5 add$ to ,dante's "n4
 ,= "s "t 9 ,italy t political p>ty :i* 
aims at ! subv]sion ( ! exi/+ ord] (    
?+s1 & ! e/abli%m5t ( a s+le republic or

 mon>*y1 & :i* f9ds 9 ! papacy or ,/ates
 ( ! ,*ur* ! pr9cipal ob/acle to ! c>ry+
 out ( its plans1 has made use (        
comm5t>ies on ! ,div9e ,com$y1 among o!r
 means1 to spread its pr9ciples among ! 
p4 ,h5ce1 two ,italian refugees1 ,ugo   
,foscolo & ,rosetti1 dur+ _! soj\rn 9   
,engl&1 und]took ! dre>y task ( expla9+ 
,dante's poem 9 a purely political po9t 
( view1 & ) le>n+ & wit !y h attempt$ to
 prove t ! poet 0 oppos$ to ! temporal  
p[] ( ! pope1 & ! head1 or at lea/ a    
memb]1 ( a secret society4  ,9 ,italy1  
h[ev]1 & 9 ,g]many1 especially by !     
great critic1 ,s*legel1 ?is !ory has be5
 refut$4 ,x falls to ! gr\nd by ! simple
 consid]ation ( ! fact1 t if ! ,div9e   
,com$y 0 z cle> 9 e po9t z :]e he speaks
 aga9/ ! popes ( 8 "t & _! e>?ly        
possessions1 no comm5t>y on ! poem w\ld 
be necess>y4 ,yet1 no soon] 0 w> aga9/  
,rome proclaim$ at ,p>is & ,tur91 ?an   
rec\rse 0 _h to ,dante1 & an attempt    
made to conjure up 8 _s z a p>tisan 9 ! 
fight4 ,rosetti already occupies a *air 

9 ! ,s>d9ian capital1 f :i* he exp\nds  
,dante 9 ! int]e/ ( ,italian unity1 & 9 
,g]many ! secret societies applaud 8    
c\rse2 s t1 if 9 #ahfe !re be 9 ,italy a
 celebration ( ,dante's six hundr$?     
bir?day1 z 9 ,g]many !re is ( ,s*ill]1  
we may expect to f9d ! politicians make 
use ( x to fur!r _! ends4  ,s !n we h   
liv$ to see ! day :5 ,dante1 !          
,ghibell9e & fanatical adh]5t ( ! ,g]man
 empire2 :o 0 oppos$ to ! temporal p[] (
 ! pope only because x /ood 9 ! way ( a 
univ]sal secul> mon>*y2 :o invok$ ! wra?
 ( heav5 on ! ,g]man ,alb]t because he  
delay$ com+ to subjugate ,italy2 & :o   
wrote ! fam\s lett] to ! ,emp]or ,h5ry  
,,vii41 invit+ him to come & *a/ise 8   
native city2 :5 t ,dante1 ,i say1 has   
become ! h]ald & /&>d-be>] ( a p>ty :i* 
calls itself ! old national ,guelph     
p>ty1 ^: #bgi wat*-^w is ,dea? to !     
,g]mans & =eign rul]s1 & :i*1 l ! anci5t
 ,guelphs1 is aid$ by ,fr5* soldi]s 9   
its /ruggle aga9/ ! ,g]man emp]ors4  ,9 
spite ( 8 ,ghibell9e proclivities1      

,dante 0 fill$ ) lively fai?1 & he _h s 
great a v5]ation = ! p[] ( ! keys       
entru/$ by ,*ri/ to ,pet] & 8 successors
 t ev5 9 hell he b[$ ) respect be=e "o (
 ^? :o _h borne !m1 & ev5 9 8 n>ration (
 ! arre/ & ill-treatm5t ( ,boniface     
,,viii41 :om he hat$ & plac$ 9 hell1 he 
breaks out into ! foll[+ /ra9s3         
,lo6 ! fl[] de luce   ,ent]s ,alagna2 9 
8 ,vic> ,*ri/8   ,himself a captive1 & 8
 mock]y   ,act$ aga94 ,lo6 to 8 holy lip
   ,! v9eg> & gall once m appli$2   ,&  
he 'twixt liv+ robb]s doom$ to ble$4    
,lo6 ! new ,pilate1 ( ^: cruelty   ,su* 
viol5ce _c fill ! measure up1   ,) no   
decree to sanction1 pu%es on   ,into !  
temple 8 yet eag] sails4   ,o sov]eign  
,ma/]6 :5 %all ,i rejoice   ,to see !   
v5geance1 :i* ?y wra?1 well pleas$1   ,9
 secret sil5ce broods8          7,purg4 
xx4 #he-ig4 ,c>ey's translation47  ,s we
 h liv$ to see ! day :5 ! au?or ( !     
above l9es is repres5t$ z ! h]ald ( a   
p>ty :i* has treat$ s %amefully ! g5tle 
successor ( ,boniface ,,viii41 ,pius    

,,ix41 ^: only fault 0 to h op5$ !      
prison doors to 8 enemies1 & recall$ !m 
f exile ) too great indulg5ce4 ,!y h    
made him dr9k ! *alice ( humiliation to 
! dregs1 &1 leagu$ ) a ,fr5* despot1 !y 
r5ew 9 ! ,vic> ( ,*ri/ all ! insults    
heap$ ( old on ! ,savi\r by ! ,roman    
soldi]s1 :51 putt+ on him ! mantle (    
purple & ! cr[n ( ?orns1 !y mock$ him1  
say+1 ,hail1 ,k+ ( ! ,jews6 ,dante 0 no 
su* ,*ri/-kill]4  ,& :at folly is x n to
 imag9e ,dante1 ! haughty ari/ocrat1 ^: 
pride ( bir? %[s itself ev]y:]e 9 8     
poem1 a p>tisan ( a faction :i*1 l t :i*
 gov]n$ ,flor5ce dur+ ! middle ages1 is 
made up ( ! rabble & ( level]s1 hat]s ( 
all nobility4  ,9 ano!r age1 :5 x 0 n ! 
pr9ciple ( public life to h no pr9ciple 
at all1 su* contradictions z ^? ( :i* we
 write w\ld h be5 incompreh5sible2 b 9  
our own c5tury1 9 :i* tru? wages an     
unequal conflict ) falsehood1 n s mu*   
because m5 d n "k h[ to sep>ate tru? f  
falsehood1 z because m5 f9d tru? less   
useful = _! purposes ?an falsehood1 !   

conduct ( ! s-call$ national p>ty 9     
,italy is easily expla9$4 ,b if ,dante 7
 to rise up f ! grave1 h[ /rongly he    
w\ld rebuke ^? :o are mak+ su* an       
unw>rantable use ( 8 "n6 ,he w\ld quote 
= !m1 p]haps1 z he does 9 _m p>ts ( 8   
great "w1 an apt text ( ! ,holy         
,scriptures2 & none1 probably1 w\ld come
 soon] to 8 m9d ?an ! foll[+3  ,:y h !  
,g5tiles rag$1 & ! p devis$ va9 ?+s8  ,!
 k+s ( ! e>? /ood up1 & ! pr9ces met    
toge!r1 aga9/ ! ,"l & aga9/ 8 ,*ri/4    
,let u break _! bonds asund]3 & let u   
ca/ away _! yoke f u4  ,he t dwelle? 9  
heav5 %all laugh at !m2 & ! ,"l %all    
d]ide !m4 ,!n %all he speak to !m 9 8   
ang]1 & tr\ble !m 9 8 rage4  ------     
#bhj   ,,miscellany4   ,,sci5ce4        
,important ,geological ,discov]y4--,sir 
,*>les ,lyell1 9 8 address to ! ,briti% 
,association a few mon?s ago1 m5tion$ ! 
discov]y ( a fossil animal mu* m anci5t 
?an any previ\sly suppos$ to exi/4      
,h]et(ore1 z is well kn[n1 an imm5se    
s]ies ( rocks bel[ ! silurians h be5    

t]m$ azoic1 z exhibit+ no rema9s (      
animal life2 b ?is t]m mu/ n[ be        
dismiss$4  ,x is well kn[n t a /aff (   
compet5t geologi/s1 "u ! direction (    
,sir ,william ,e4 ,logan1 h be5 engag$ =
 "s ye>s 9 a geological survey (        
,canada4 ,! olde/ rocks 9 t c\ntry are  
granite1 describ$ z upp] & l[]          
,laur5tian1 _! ?ickness be+ #dj1jjj     
feet1 ) b&s ( lime/one int]v5+4 ,9 "o ( 
^! b&s 9 ! l[] s]ies ( rocks1 :i* are ! 
mo/ anci5t1 !re 7 discov]$1 9 #aheh1    
c]ta9 flatti% r\nd$ masses1 :i* seem$ to
 be ( organic orig94 ,^! 7 exam9$ "u !  
microscope by ,dr4 ,dawson ( ,montreal1 
:o1 f _! /ructure1 decl>$ !m to be      
=am9if]a1 simil> 9 "*1 b by no means 9  
size1 to ! =am9if]a liv+ at ! pres5t day
 9 va/ multitudes at ! bottom ( ! sea2 &
 to ?is newly-discov]$ & wond]-excit+   
creature he gave ! significant "n       
,eozoon ,canad5se1 or ! ,dawn-animal (  
,canada4  ,! =am9if] ( ! pres5t day is a
 microscopic creature2 ! eozoon 0       
enorm\s 9 comp>ison1 ab\t twelve in*es  

diamet]1 & f f\r to six in*es 9         
?ickness1 pres5t+ ! g5]al =m ( a mu*    
flatt5$ globe4 ,its gr[? 0 by ! process 
te*nically kn[n z gemmation1 or !       
cont9u$ developm5t ( cells ^u ! surface2
 h5ce1 ^! cells =m successive lay]s (   
*amb]s1 sep>at$ by exce$+ly ?9 walls or 
lam9ae ( calc>e\s matt]4 ,!y are n[ all 
fill$ ) solid matt]1 m9]al silicates1   
s]p5t9e1 & o!rs2 b sections or slices   
cut f ! mass1 & exam9$1 %[ ! =m ( !     
cells /ill p]fect1 & :at is m rem>kable1
 ! v m9ute tubes 7tubuli7 by :i*        
communication 0 ma9ta9$ f "o to ! o!r   
?r\gh\t ! entire animal4 ,mr4 ,/]ry     
,hunt1 ! *emi/ employ$ on ! ,canadian   
survey1 is ( op9ion t ! silicates &     
solid matt]s 7 directly deposit$ 9 wat]s
 9 ! mid/ ( :i* ! eozoon 0 /ill gr[+1 or
 _h only rec5tly p]i%$1 & t ^! solid    
matt]s p5etrat$1 enclos$1 & pres]v$ !   
/ructure ( ! animals precisely z        
c>bonate ( lime might h done4 ,"h1 !n1  
we h an example ( fossilization1        
accompli%$ by reactions go+ on at !     

e>?'s surface1 n by sl[ metamorphism 9  
deeply-buri$ s$im5ts4  ,pap]s on ?is    
subject & "o by ,sir ,w4 ,logan         
himself--h be5 read be=e ! ,geological  
,society1 & w %ortly be publi%$2 & at a 
rec5t meet+ ( ! ,royal ,society1 a      
highly1 int]e/+ communication 9 fur!r   
elucidation ( ! matt] 0 made by ,dr4    
,c>p5t]1 :o has devot$ himself = "s ye>s
 to ! /udy ( =am9if]a4 ,he confirms ,dr4
 ,dawson's g5]al conclusions1 &         
id5tifies among liv+ =am9if]a ! species 
:i* has mo/ aff9ity ) ?is v anci5t      
dawn-animal4 ,he makes out !            
id5tification 9 an +5i\s way1 re/+ 8    
pro( on ! peculi> /ructure ( !          
cell-walls1 & ( ! m9ute tubuli by :i*1 z
 be=e obs]v$1 communication betwe5 !    
cells 0 ma9ta9$4 ,h5ce=?1 we %all h to  
reg>d ! silurian fossils z mod]n4  ,s9ce
 ?is discov]y 0 made public1 x has be5  
asc]ta9$ t !re are fossil rema9s ( !    
eozoon 9 ! s]p5t9e rocks ( ,great       
,brita94 ,! importance ( ?is ( c\rse    
dep5ds on ! age ( s]p5t9e1 & t is a "q  

:i* geologi/s h n yet settl$2 b "s ( !m 
are ( op9ion t ! ,briti% s]p5t9es are ( 
! same age z ! ,laur5tian rocks 9 :i* ! 
,canadian eozoon 0 f\nd4 ,p5d+ _!       
decision ( ! "q1 ke5 explor]s are on !  
se>* = o!r specim5s4   ,curi\s &        
,delicate ,exp]im5ts4--,dr4 ,b5ce ,jones
 rec5tly communicat$ to ! ,royal        
,society ( ,great ,brita9 ! result ( a  
s]ies ( exp]im5ts by #bha :i* he _h     
attempt$ to asc]ta9 ! "t requir$ = c]ta9
 cry/alliz$ sub/ances to rea* ! textures
 ( ! body aft] be+ tak5 into ! /oma*4 ,9
 o!r words1 he propos$ to solve ^!      
problems3 ,if a dose ( m$ic9e be giv51  
:at becomes ( x1 & does x arrive quickly
 or sl[ly at ! p>ts = :i* x is int5d$8  
,x is obvi\s1 t if ^! que/ions c\ld be  
accurately det]m9$1 m$ical m5 w\ld h a  
bett] k ?an at pres5t ( ! action &      
progress1 s to speak1 ( m$ic9e )9 !     
body4 ,sub/ances1 :5 tak5 into ! /oma*1 
pass into ! blood1 :i* may be suppos$ to
 di/ribute !m to all p>ts ( ! body4 ,if1
 9 ord9>y circum/ances1 no trace ( a    

p>ticul> sub/ance c be f\nd 9 a body1 b 
is f\nd aft] doses ( ! sub/ance h be5   
adm9i/]$1 x is cle> t ! doses are !     
s\rce f :i* t trace is d]iv$4  ,li?ium  
is a sub/ance sometimes giv5 z m$ic9e4  
,dr4 ,jones gave half a gra9 ( *loride (
 li?ium to a gu9ea-pig1 on ?ree         
successive days2 &1 by means ( !        
spectrum analysis1 he f\nd li?ium 9 e   
tissue ( ! animal's body1 ev5 9 !       
c>tilages1 ! cornea1 & ! cry/all9e l5s (
 ! eye4 ,9 ano!r exp]im5t1 ! li?ium 0   
f\nd 9 ! eye eight h\rs aft] ! dose _h  
be5 adm9i/]$2 & 9 ano!r1 f\r h\rs aft]4 
,9 ano!r1 ! li?ium 0 f\nd aft] ?irty-two
 m9utes1 9 ! c>tilage ( ! hip1 & 9 !    
out] "p ( ! eye4 ,^! cases %[ t *emical 
sub/ances d f9d _! way v quickly into ! 
tissues ( ! body2 & a simil> result     
appe>s f exp]im5ts on ! human subject4  
,a pati5t1 dy+ ( diseas$ he>t1 took     
fifte5 gra9s ( nitrate ( li?ia ?irty-six
 h\rs be=e dea?1 & a simil> quantity six
 h\rs be=e dea?4 ,li?ium 0 aft]w>d f\nd 
di/9ctly 9 ! c>tilage ( "o ( ! jo9ts1 & 

fa9tly 9 ! eye & ! blood4 ,a l result 0 
obta9$ ) a pati5t :o _h tak5 t5 gra9s ( 
c>bonate ( li?ia five & a half h\rs be=e
 dea?4 ,& to ?is ,dr4 ,b5ce ,jones adds1
 t he expects to f9d li?ium 9 ! l5s ( ! 
eye aft] op]ation = cat>act4    ,giant  
,trees ( ,cali=nia4--,"s "t ago1 mu*    
regret 0 express$ t ! giant trees       
7,well+tonia7 ( ,cali=nia _h be5        
recklessly cut d[n4 ,_! fall 0 a loss to
 ! _w4 ,b ,sir ,william ,hook] has      
receiv$ a lett] 9 :i* ,pr(essor ,brew]1 
( ! ,cali=nia ,/ate ,geological ,survey1
 reports t an int]e/+ discov]y has be5  
made ?is ye> ( ! exi/5ce ( ! big trees 9
 great abundance on ! we/]n flanks ( !  
,si]ra ,nevada4 ,!y ab\nd along a belt  
at #e1jjj-g1jjj feet ( altitude = a     
di/ance ( m ?an tw5ty-five miles1       
sometimes 9 groves1 at o!rs scatt]$     
?r\gh ! =e/ 9 great numb]s4 ,y c h no   
idea ( ! gr&eur !y imp>t to ! sc5]y1 :]e
 at times a hundr$ trees are 9 sight at 
once1 ov] fifte5 feet 9 diamet]1 _! ri* 
foliage contra/+ s f9ely ) _! bright    

c9namon-color$ b>k4 ,! l>ge/ ,i saw 0   
#ajf feet 9 circumf]5ce at f\r feet f ! 
gr\nd1 & #bgf feet high4  ,!re seems no 
dang] ( ! spe$y ext9ction ( ! species1 z
 x is n[ kn[n 9 q a numb] ( localities2 
&1 contr>y to ! popul> notion1 !re are  
imm5se numb]s ( y\ng] trees ( all sizes1
 f ! se$l+ up to ! l>ge/4 ,!re has be5  
mu* nons5se & error publi%$ reg>d+ !m4  
,photograph+ ! ,int]ior ( ! ,great      
,pyramid4--,our read]s may rememb] t "s 
"t la/ w9t] a di/+ui%$ ,engli% savant1  
,pr(essor ,piazzi ,smy?1 w5t out to     
,egypt = ! purpose ( tak+ photographic  
views ( ! int]ior *amb]s ( ! great      
pyramid4 ,! impossibility ( light+ ^!   
va/ halls _h hi!rto prov$ an insup]able 
b> to ! und]tak+2 ord9>y me?ods (       
illum9ation seem$1 if we may s speak1 to
 make no impression ^u ! ?ick d>kness4  
,b ) ! discov]y ( ! wond]ful p[]s ( !   
magnesium wire light1 ?is difficulty 0  
remov$4 ,pr(essor ,smy? writes z foll[s 
to ! ,london ,*emical ,news2 8 lett] is 
dat$ ,ea/ ,tomb1 ,great ,pyramid1       

,febru>y #b;d3  ,we are settl$ d[n at   
la/ to ! measur+2 ! *ief "p ( ! "t      
hi!rto 7ab\t ?ree weeks7 hav+ be5       
occupi$ 9 conc]t ) a p>ty ( labor]s1    
furni%$ by ! ,egyptian gov]nm5t1 9 cle>+
 away rubbi% f important p>ts ( !       
int]ior1 #bhb & 9 cleans+ & prep>+ x =  
nice obs]vation4 ,! magnesium wire light
 is some?+ a/\nd+ 9 its p[] ( illum9at+ 
difficult places4 ,) any numb] ( wax    
c&les :i* we h yet tak5 into ei!r ! k+'s
 *amb] or ! gr& gall]y1 ! impression    
left on ! m9d is m]ely see+ ! c&les &   
:atev] is v close to !m1 s t y h small  
idea :e!r y are 9 a palace or a cottage2
 b burn a triple /r& ( magnesium wire1 &
 9 a mom5t y see ! :ole ap>tm5t &       
appreciate ! gr&eur ( its size & !      
beauty ( its proportions4 ,?is effect1 s
 admirably complete1 too1 z x is1 &     
p]fect 9 its way1 probably results f !  
extraord9>y int5sity ( ! light1 ap>t f  
its useful photographic prop]ty2 = side 
by side ) ! magnesium light ! wax c&le  
flame look$ n mu* bright] ?an ! r$      

granite ( ! walls ( ! room4 444 ,:atev] 
c be rea*$ by h& is *ipp$1 & hamm]$1 &  
fractur$ to a frightful degree2 & ?is   
maltreatm5t by mod]n m51 comb9$ ) !     
natural we> & te> ( "s ( ! s(t] /ones "u
 s huge a pressure z !y are expos$ to1 &
 = s long duration1 has made ! measur+ (
 :at is excessively t$i\s & difficult1 &
 ! conclud+ :at 01 9 "s cases1 r        
ambigu\s4    ,,art4  ,dome/ic4--,!      
,national ,academy exhibition w probably
 be op5 be=e our read]s receive ^!      
pages2 & f ^? cognizant ( ! int]nal     
arrangem5ts ( ! new build+1 & ( !       
prep>ations mak+ by our resid5t arti/s1 
we le>n t ! collection w exce$ 9 !      
numb]1 & probably 9 ! m]it ( ! pictures1
 any ( its pr$ecessors4 ,! make-%ift "* 
& unsuitabl5ess ( ! rooms 9 :i* !       
,academy has ( late ye>s held its annual
 exhibitions1 h det]r$ _m ( its mo/     
prom95t memb]s f s5d+ 9 contributions1  
:i* !y 7 satisfi$ c\ld n be se5 to      
advantage2 & ?is s9 ( omission 0 s      
evid5t 9 ! la/ two or ?ree exhibitions1 

t "o ( ! lead+ objects ( ! ,academy--!  
improvem5t ( public ta/e by ! display ( 
! annual productions ( our be/          
arti/s--seem$ 9 dang] ( be+ defeat$4 ,! 
new gall]ies1 x is said1 c exhibit to   
advantage m ?an fifte5 hundr$ pictures1 
& a capacity s ample1 9 conjunction ) ! 
pre/ige att5d+ ! op5+ ( ! new build+1   
ought to cov] ! walls to _! fulle/      
ext5t4 ,! public w n be surpris$ !n to  
le>n t an unusual numb] ( arti/s h be51 
& are /ill1 busily apply+ ! f9al t\*es  
to _! works1 9 anticipation ( op5+ day  
7to borr[ a phrase f ! mill9]s72 & x is 
to be hop$ t ! ,academy1 hav+ n[ ample  
room & v]ge en\gh to satisfy fa/idi\s   
memb]s1 may soon become ! fo/]+ abode ( 
art :i* its projectors int5d$ to make x4
 ,a slight =eta/e ( :at ! exhibition is 
likely to conta9 0 af=d$ at ! rec5t     
reception ( ! ,brooklyn ,art            
,association1 :]e an elaborate &        
effective "w by ,grign\x1 entitl$ ,among
 ! ,alps1 & sev]al by ,leutze1 ,gif=d1  
,hunt+ton1 ,/one1 ,:ite1 ,h>t1 ,be>d1 & 

o!rs1 7 on view4 ,a numb] ( pictures    
de/9$ = ! ,academy 7 also exhibit$ at ! 
mon?ly social ga!r+s ( ! ,c5tury &      
,a!naeum clubs ( ?is city 9 ! beg9n+ (  
,april4 ,we propose to give an ext5d$   
notice ( ! new build+ & its art         
collections 9 our next numb]4  ,!       
inaugural c]emonies ( ! ,new ,york      
association = ,! ,advancem5t ( ,sci5ce &
 ,art took place at ! ,coop] ,in/itute  
on ! ev5+ ( ,m>* #ca/4 ,"o ( ! objects (
 ! association is ! collection &        
pres]vation ( works ( art1 & "o ( !     
fifte5 sections into :i* x is divid$ is 
devot$ to ! f9e arts4 ,amid !           
multiplicity ( special bran*es1 :i* !   
association proposes to inve/igate &    
promote1 f jurisprud5ce & ! prev5tion ( 
paup]ism d[n to *ronology1 ! f9e arts   
mu/ necess>ily receive b a limit$ %>e ( 
att5tion2 b ev5 ?is1 if guid$ by ta/e & 
intellig5ce1 is bett] ?an ! indiff]5ce  
to ae/hetic matt]s :i* is too (t5       
*>act]i/ic ( a comm]cial metropolis2 & !
 association w f9d pl5ty ( well-wi%]s1  

&1 we tru/1 "s :o w add sub/antial aid  
to _! sympa?y4  ,among ! attractions ( !
 ,c5tral ,p>k w be a hall ( /atu>y1 n[ 9
 ! c\rse ( prep>ation 9 ! old #bhc      
ars5al build+ ne> ! ,fif? ,av5ue1 :i* is
 n yet op5 to public inspection4 ,x w   
conta91 :at ought to prove a boon to all
 /ud5ts ( =m1 a collection ( ca/s f     
,craw=d's pr9cipal works4 ,! ,p>k       
,commission]s h1 9 ?is in/ance1 %[n an  
enlight5$ ent]prise :i* might be imitat$
 by weal?y private individuals4 ,a few  
bronze /atues ( ,am]ican /atesm51       
soldi]s1 or au?ors1 plac$ on appropriate
 sites 9 ! p>k1 w\ld add greatly to its 
attractions4 ,& if x %\ld be ?\ght      
desirable to illu/rate a national era1  
:at "o m wor?y ?an ! memorable epo*     
?r\gh :i* we are n[ pass+1 ! t]m9ation (
 :i* w be coeval ) ! completion ( ! p>k8
  ,a new gr\p by ,rog]s1 entitl$ ,!     
,home ,gu>d--,midnight on ! ,bord]1     
attracts ?rongs ( gaz]s be=e ! w9d[s (  
,williams & ,/ev5s's art emporium 9     
,broadway4 ,! /ory is naturally &       

effectively told4 ,a "m & h] daught]1 ! 
only inmates1 probably1 ( "s lonely     
f>m-h\se1 h be5 ar\s$ f _! slumb]s by   
m>aud+ bu%:ack]s1 & trembl+ly prep>e to 
repel ! assailants1 or sell _! lives    
de>ly4 ,! eld] ( ! two females1 ) h]    
body slightly pois$ on "o foot1 /&s 9   
attitude ( rapt att5tion1 :ile          
me*anically cock+ a revolv]1 h] sole    
weapon ( def5ce4 ,! daught]1 less       
resolute 9 expression & action1 c[]s at 
h] side4 ,z a "w ( art1 x is p]haps     
inf]ior to ! ,w\nd$ ,sc\t or ,"o ,%ot   
,m1 :i* exhibit ! arti/'s highe/ ef=ts 9
 *>act]i/ic expression & ! managem5t (  
details2 b x pres5ts a vivid idea ( a   
sc5e we fe> only too frequ5tly enact$   
along ! bord]1 & w speak to aft]times ( 
! horrors ( civil w>4 ,! /eady          
improvem5t :i* ,mr4 ,rog]s has %[n 9 8  
gr\ps1 illu/rat+ ! episodes ( our great 
/ruggle1 c be readily se5 by an         
inspection ( 8 collect$ works1 ! e>lie/ 
( :i* 7 sc>cely bett] ?an clev]         
c>icatures2 & x is n surpris+ to le>n t 

!re is a dem& = !m 9 ,europe1 :i!r !    
arti/ himself proposes go+ dur+ ! pres5t
 season4 ,=eign critics may n[ obta9 a  
correct notion ( ! outw>d aspects ( !   
p>ticipators 9 ! w>1 if !y _c appreciate
 its motives or "*4 ,mr4 ,rog]s is at   
pres5t engag$ ^u a gr\p entitl$ ,!      
,bu%:ack]1 :i* he w f9i% be=e 8         
dep>ture4 ,accord+ to "o ( ! daily      
newspap]s x repres5ts a wife 9 ! act (  
draw+ away f h] husb&--an old1 grizzl$1 
& c>e-worn fight]--8 gun1 & at ! same "t
 appeal+ to him to leave 8 p]il\s       
vocation4 ,! ,bu%:ack] clasps 9 8 arms 8
 little *ild1 :o is toy+ ) 8 %aggy be>d4
 ,if we may judge f ! half-rel5t+       
expression ( 8 c\nt5ance1 we c safely   
conclude t ! wife w n sue 9 va91 al?\gh 
he /ill resi/+ly grasps 8 musket ) "o   
h&4 ,! pose & execution ( ! figures are 
c>efully att5d$ to1 & ! "w is "o ( ! mo/
 spirit$ & successful ( ,mr4 ,rog]s'    
productions4  ,among o!r ,am]ican arti/s
 :o int5d to visit ,europe ! pres5t     
season1 are ,ives1 ! sculptor1 &        

,haselt9e & ,dix1 pa9t]s ( coa/ & m>9e  
sc5]y4 ,! la/ nam$ g5tleman f\r ye>s ago
 =sook 8 pr(ession1 9 :i* he _h begun to
 atta9 "s skill1 to accept a place on ! 
milit>y /aff ( 8 fa!r1 ,major ,g5]al    
,dix1 & n[1 ) r5ew$ ardor1 resumes 8    
p5cil4 ,he w /udy pr9cipally along !    
,m$it]ranean coa/s4  ,a v miscellane\s  
collection ( pictures1 conta9+ a va/    
deal ( rubbi%1 & a few good specim5s (  
=eign arti/s1 0 dispos$ ( at auction by 
,messrs4 ,le$s  ,m9]1 9 ! latt] "p (    
,m>*1 at tol]ably fair prices4 ,! foll[+
 w s]ve z examples3 ,sn[ ,sc5e by       
,gign\x1 #ijj 7q z mu* z x 0 wor?72     
,lady ) ,fl[]s1 by ,plassan1 #gej2 ,a   
,rev]ie1 by ,*avet1 #hej2 ,ev5+ ,pray]1 
by ,e4 ,fr]e1 #a1jjj2 ,! ,al*emy/1 by   
,webb1 #chj4 ,a curi\s essay ( ,col4    
,trumbull 9 ! p]il\s regions ( high art1
 entitl$ ,! ,knight+ ( ,de ,wilton1     
fet*$ ! mod]ate sum ( #aej4 ,z an       
example ( ! /yle ( composition &        
treatm5t affect$ by ! pa9t]s :o         
illu/rat$ ,boydell's ,%akespe>e ,gall]y1

 x 0 bo? amus+ & in/ructive4 ,=tunately 
= 8 reputation1 ! pa9t] ( ,bunk] ,hill &
 ! ,sortie f ,gibralt> did n (t5 recur  
to ,walt] ,scott = subjects4  ,q rec5tly
 !re has be5 on exhibition at ,g\pil's  
gall]y a rem>kable picture by ! ,fr5*   
arti/ ,jean ,leon ,g]ome1 entitl$       
,l',almee1 :i* #bhd may be ?us briefly  
describ$3 ,sc5e1 a dilapidat$ ,egyptian 
,khan or c(fee %op2 9 ! =egr\nd & c5tre 
( ! picture a ,ghawazee1 or danc+ girl1 
p]=m+ a /rik+ b immode/ dance1 :i*      
consi/s :olly ( movem5ts ( ! body f !   
hips1 ! legs rema9+ /ation>y2 a gr\p (  
fi]ce look+ & fanta/ically b$iz5$       
,ba%i-,baz\ks1 sitt+ cross-legg$ on a   
divan1 spectators ( ! p]=mance2 & 9 !   
backgr\nd "s musicians & an att5dant or 
two4 ,x w\ld be almo/ impossible to     
ov]-praise ! m>vell\s f9i% ( ?is "w1 !  
skilful bl5d+ ( ! colors1 ! subdu$ yet  
appropriate tone1 or ! dramatic =ce ( ! 
composition4 ,if ^! qualities 7 all t   
are dem&$ 9 a "w ( art1 we might /op "h2
 b :5 ! subject is repulsive1 !y prove a

 s\rce ( aggravation r ?an ( pleasure1 &
 few1 we ?9k1 w d5y t ! sc5e depict$ by 
,g]ome1 ?\gh illu/rat+ a peculi> &      
p]haps important phase ( ,ori5tal life1 
is "o ( too gross a "* to subs]ve !     
purposes ( true art4 ,a va/ deal (      
s5tim5t has be5 wa/$ ^u ! moral         
significance ( pictures ( ?is type4 ,!  
less said ^u t score1 ! bett]4 ,we d n  
in/ruct *ildr5 to ab/a9 f vice by putt+ 
immoral books into _! h&s1 tru/+ t "s   
innate s5se ( propriety may prompt !m   
!reby to see virtue 9 a cle>] light4 ,if
 dispos$ to criticise ! te*nical "p (   
?is "w1 we %\ld say t ! f9i% is too     
elaborate4 ,ev]y?+1 to ! smalle/        
m9utiae1 is poli%$ almo/ to ! degree (  
h>dness1 & "o in/9ctively longs = an    
occasional r\ghness or evid5ce ( !      
bru%--some?+ ( t manual movem5t :i*     
indicates ! pass+ ?\ght ( ! pa9t]4 ,:]e 
all is ( s regul> & level a m]it1 !     
contra/s :i* %\ld give /r5g? & _s to a  
pa9t+ are sure to be want+4 ,9 ?is      
respect ,g]ome comp>es unfavorably )    

,meissoni]4 ,bo? f9i% ) scrupul\s       
exactness2 b ! latt] nev] makes f9i%    
p>am\nt to ! prop] expression ( 8       
subject4 ,h5ce ! life & action1 s to    
speak1 ( 8 mo/ nicely elaborat$ figures4
 ,9 ! ,almee1 on ! o!r h&1 ! gr\p (     
soldi]s1 ?\gh we>+ an admirable         
expression ( /oical s5suality1 are too  
rigid & immovable1 too mu* l well pa9t$ 
copies ( ! lay figures :i* s]v$ z models
 = !m4 ,s1 too1 ( _m ( ! details1       
except+ always ! drap]ies1 :i* c\ld n be
 improv$4 ,a little m att5tion to ! ars 
cel>e artem w\ld r5d] ,g]ome almo/      
unapproa*able 9 8 peculi> /yle4  ,be=e  
leav+ ,g\pil's1 we _c avoid draw+       
att5tion to "s /udies ( trees & foliage1
 by ,ri*>ds1 ( ,philadelphia1 n[        
exhibit$ !re4 ,"o ( !m1 repres5t+ !     
int]ior ( a wood 9 e>ly autumn1 is ! be/
 del9eation ( t phase ( nature we h     
rec5tly se54 ,g5]ally1 ! pictures ( ?is 
arti/ are want+ 9 relief2 8 foliage lies
 flat ^u ! canvas2 ! trunks ( 8 trees h 
no r\nd$ outl9e1 nor c ! eye p5etrate   

?r\gh ! recesses ( ! wood2 !re is1 9    
fact1 no atmosph]e to speak (4 ,^!      
defects h be5 happily ov]come 9 ! pres5t
 in/ance1 &1 ) no lack (                
,pre-,raphaelite p[] 9 del9eat+ ! outw>d
 aspect ( nature1 !re is a p]vad+ tone (
 melan*oly appropriate to ! sc5e & !    
season4 ,less rem>kable ?an ?is1 b (    
consid]able m]it1 is a m\nta9 l&scape1 9
 :i* ! season depict$ is also ! autumn4 
,=eign4--,abroad !re seems to be a      
p]fect fev] to buy & sell works ( art4  
,ev]ybody1 says ! ,london ,a!naeum1 :o  
has a collection1 seems det]m9$ to      
dispose ( x1 & accid5t has ?r[n a l>ge  
numb] ( works on ! art-m>ket2 b z ^? :o 
h ta/e & means seem j z eag] to buy z ! 
collectors are to sell1 ! activity ( !  
art-m>ts is b a natural consequ5ce ( !  
law ( supply & dem&1 ! natural limit    
hav+ be5 ext5d$ 9 sev]al in/ances by !  
accid5tal re-appe>ance ( _m works twice 
or ?ree times dur+ ! season4 ,?is has   
be5 ! case especially ) respect to !    
pictures ( ,delacroix4 ,x is always     

dang]\s to assume ! prophetic "*2 b x   
appe>s v improbable t1 on ! av]age1     
works ( art w fet* high] sums ?an !y h  
dur+ ! pres5t season4'' ,9 ,p>is !      
,p\rtales sale cont9ues1 & is daily     
cr[d$ by eag] virtuosi1 ^: competition  
runs up prices to an ext5t bord]+ on !  
extravagant4 ,! proce$s ( ! ?ird portion
 ( ! sale1 :i* occupi$ ?ree days1 &     
includ$ ! engrav$ #bhe gems1 antique    
jewelry & glass1 7 #de1gdc francs2 ^? ( 
! f\r? section1 ! co9s & m$als1 #ah1dcj 
francs2 & ( ! fif?1 :i* compris$ !      
sculpture 9 ivory & wood1 ! r5aissance  
bronzes1 arms1 fai5ces1 glass1 & "s     
miscellane\s articles1 #eje1fdj francs4 
,! foll[+ are "s ( ! prices obta9$ = !  
sculptures 9 ivory1 ( :i* !re 0 a       
magnific5t collection ( #gj pieces3 ,a  
/atuette ( ,h]cules re/+ on 8 club1 "o  
foot on ! head ( ! ,hydra1 pur*as$ =    
,engl&1 #c1bhj4--,v5us ) ,cupid at h]   
side1 left by ,fiam+o z security 9 !    
h\se at ,leghorn :]e9 he di$1           
#a1ahj4--;,a r5aissance bronze bu/ (    

,*>les ,,ix41 ( ,france1 life size1     
arti/ unkn[n1 =m]ly ! prop]ty ( ! ,duc  
de ,b]ri1 br\ght #i1jjj4--;,h5ry ,,ii4  
w>e1 ! well-kn[n bib]on1 ) cov] be>+ !  
arms ( ,france1 surm\nt$ by a coronet1 &
 be>+ ! arms & initials ( ,diane de     
,poiti]s1 un9jur$1 j ov] t5 in*es 9     
height1 #e1ejj4--,! celebrat$ ,m>ie     
,/u>t cup1 pres5t$ to h] :5 affianc$ to 
! ,dauph91 0 dispos$ ( = #e1dbj4 ,x is b
 a few in*es 9 height1 b is cov]$1      
inside & out1 ) designs illu/rat+       
classical my?ology & allegory1 & )      
pr(use ornam5tation1 all 9 exquisite    
ta/e & ( p]fect workman%ip4 ,x 0 execut$
 by ,jean ,c\rt dit ,vigi]1 ab\t        
#aeef4--;,a r\nd bas91 9 grisaille1 by  
,pi]re ,raymond 7#aeeh71 repres5t+ !    
hi/ory ( ,adam & ,eve1 9 enamel on a    
black gr\nd1 br\ght #d1jdj2 a l>ge oval 
salv]1 by ,jean ,c\rtois1 enamell$ 9 !  
ri*e/ mann]1 repres5t+ ! passage ( ! ,r$
 ,sea1 ) bord]s decorat$ ) figures1     
m$allions1 etc41 #f1jjj4 ,^! prices1 x  
may be obs]v$1 7 consid]$ by compet5t   

judges to be r l[6 ,! vases & goblets ( 
rock cry/al 7 also well conte/$4 ,a     
magnific5t head1 ( ,apollo1 9 m>ble1    
=m]ly 9 ! ,ju/9iani gall]y1 0 b\ght1 x  
is said1 = ! ,briti% ,museum1 = #i1jjj2 
& ! celebrat$ ,pallas vase1 ! mo/ p]fect
 specim5 ( ,greek "w 9 porphyry extant1 
fet*$ #c1djj4  ,! new *apel ( ! ,palais 
de l',elysee has j be5 complet$1 & is   
said to be a p]fect gem ( arti/ic       
decoration4 ,! /yle is ,byzant9e1 !     
mosaic "w ( ! alt> be+ execut$ 9 m>bles 
( ! r>e/ k9ds2 b ! pill>s & vault$ ro(  
are 9 /ucco1 imitat+ porphyry1 v]t      
antique1 & gold1 9 su* p]fection t x is 
difficult to believe t ! m9es ( ,sw$5 & 
,russia _h n be5 ransack$ to produce !  
ri* color+ & massive effect :i* /rikes !
 eye ( ! visitor4 ,! twelve patron sa9ts
 ( ,france are repres5t$--includ+       
,*>lemagne & ,/4 ,l\is4  ,! ,aguado     
pictures 7 ann\nc$ = sale1 9 ,p>is1 on !
 #aj? ( ,april4 ,!y include ! fam\s     
,dea? ( ,sa9te ,claire1 by ,murillo1    
br\ght f ! conv5t ( ,sa9t ,francois     

d',asrise 9 ,seville1 by ,ma?ieu        
,fabir]1 ,commiss>y-,g5]al ( ,napoleon's
 army--a v l>ge canvas1 includ+ no less 
?an tw5ty-eight figures4  ,! collection 
( anci5t & mod]n pictures & wat]-color  
draw+s =m$ by ,mr4 ,?omas ,blackburn1 ( 
,liv]pool1 0 rec5tly dispos$ ( at       
auction 9 ,london = ,l#h1gfc4 ,"s ( !   
wat]-color draw+s by ,copley ,field+1   
,l\is ,haghe1 ,john ,gilb]t1 ,pr\t1     
,birket ,fo/]1 & o!rs1 realiz$ v l>ge   
sums4  ,!$'s colossal /atue ( ! ,pr9ce  
,consort1 :i* has be5 ca/ 9 bronze at   
,nuremb]g1 has rec5tly arriv$ 9 ,london4
 ,! model ( ?is figure 0 orig9ally      
execut$ by comm& ( h] maje/y1 & s5t z a 
pres5t to ,coburg1 :]e x at pres5t      
rema9s1 a bronze ca/ hav+ be5 tak5 f x4 
,! t[n ( ,sydney be+ desir\s ( erect+ a 
/atue ( ! pr9ce1 ?is second ca/ 0       
execut$ by comm& ( ! ,duke ( ,newca/le1 
on ! gr\nd t ( all ! num]\s lik5esses n[
 extant ?is 0 ! be/4 ,! figure is t5    
feet high1 & repres5ts ! pr9ce 9 a      
comm&+ attitude1 dress$ 9 ! robes ( !   

g>t]4  ,! alt]ations 9 progress 9 !     
,wolsey ,*apel1 at ,w9dsor ,ca/le1 h    
br\ght to light ?ree full-l5g? portraits
 ( knights ( ! g>t]1 attir$ 9 ! milit>y 
co/ume ( ! ord]1 capp$ ) helmets1 & we>+
 cloaks ) ! insignia4 ,^! 7 hidd5 by    
/one slabs1 & z !re are upw>ds ( tw5ty  
simil> slabs1 x is probable t o!r simil>
 pa9t+s may be discov]$4  ,mr4 ,g4 ,t4  
,doo's l>ge l9e-engrav+ f ,seba/iano del
 ,piombo's ,resurrection ( ,laz>us1 9 ! 
,national ,gall]y1 by f> ! mo/ important
 ( its k9d produc$ = _m ye>s pa/1 is    
#bhf n[ f9i%$4 ,! figure ( ,*ri/ is #ac 
in*es high1 t ( ,laz>us is /ill l>g]1 &1
 be+ nak$1 invok$ ! utmo/ c>e & k ( !   
engrav] to deal ) its sup]bly drawn =ms 
& p]fect surface4 ,! execution1 if n !  
:ole design1 ( ?is figure has be51 on   
good gr\nds1 attribut$ to ,mi*ael       
,angelo4 ,mr4 ,doo has r5d]$ ^! ) great 
success1 ev5 to giv+ ! some:at h>d &    
positive tone ( ! orig9al2 & ) "o or two
 exceptions1 ! draw+ is describ$ z      
admirable ?r\gh\t4 ,9 view ( ! few      

really good l9e-engrav+s n[ produc$1 & (
 ! prospect ( ! art p]haps becom+ ext9ct
 )9 ! pres5t c5tury1 ! production ( su* 
a "w possesses a g5u9e ?\gh some:at     
melan*oly int]e/4    ,kaulba*1 x is     
said1 w f9i% 8 pa9t+s 9 ! ,b]l9 ,museum 
?is spr+4 ,! price he has receiv$ = !m  
is giv5 at #ahg1jjj1 ) an addition (    
#ah1gjj = ! co/ ( mat]ials4 ,"o ( !     
small] pictures = ! s]ies repres5ts     
,g]many absorb$ 9 read+ ,humboldt's     
,cosmos1 & lett+ ! imp]ial cr[n fall (f 
h] head 9 ! ab/raction caus$ by h]      
/udies4 ,und]nea?1 ! v>i\s small /ates t
 compose ! conf$]ation are pok+ out _!  
heads z f> z possible to escape f "u a  
hat :i* is com+ d[n ^u !m--an illusion  
to ! popul> phrase ( unit+ ! :ole (     
,g]many "u "o hat4    ,! ,pontifical    
,academy ( ,roman ,ar*aeology has decre$
 t ! collossal /atue ( ,h]cules 9 gilt  
bronze1 rec5tly discov]$ among ! ru9s ( 
,pompey's !atre1 & s5t to ! ,vatican1   
%all be> ! "n ( ,! ,h]cules ,ma/ai1 9   
honor ( ,pius ,,ix4  ------  ,,new      

,,publications4   ,,! ,,boyne ,,wat]3 ,a
 ,,tale4 ,by ,john ,banim4 ,po/ #hvo41  
pp4 #egh1 ,bo/on3 ,patrick ,donahoe4 ,= 
sale 9 ,new ,york by ,p4 ,o',%ea1       
,bleeck] /reet4 ,?is /ory is repr9t$ f  
,! ,bo/on ,pilot1 ( ^: columns x has =m$
 = "s mon?s pa/ a pr9cipal attraction4  
,x is "o ( ! e>lie/ ( ,banim's works1 & 
! favorable judgm5t :i* x receiv$ on its
 fir/ appe>ance has n[ a success ( =ty  
ye>s to confirm x4 ,x is a novel ( !    
hi/orical s*ool :i* ,scott made s popul>
 9 ! la/ g5]ation1 ! incid5ts ^u :i* x  
is f\nd$ belong+ to ! revolution (      
#afhh1 :i* e/abli%$ ,william ( ,orange  
on ! ?rone ( ,great ,brita94 ,x gives a 
graphic picture ( ! siege & capitulation
 ( ,lim]ick1 & br+s ^u ! sc5e ,james &  
,william1 ,s>sfield1 ,tyrconnel1        
,g9kell1 & o!r famili> *>act]s ( t /irr+
 epo*4 ,banim delights1 also1 9         
descriptions ( natural sc5]y4 ,9 ^! he  
is spirit$1 &1 we believe1 accurate4 ,he
 sp>$ no pa9s to make himself ?or\ghly  
famili> ) ! localities ( :i* he wrote4  

,:ile he 0 engag$ ^u 8 novels he us$ to 
j\rney1 9 company ) 8 bro!r1 ?r\gh !    
!atre ( action1 & /udy ea* hi/orical    
spot ) ! c>e ( an antiqu>y4 ,! p]fect   
acqua9tance ?us obta9$ ) ! places ( :i* 
he wrote _h1 ( c\rse1 no little effect  
^u ! vivacity ( 8 n>rative4  ,8 pictures
 ( ,iri% life are vivid & tru?ful1 ?\gh 
he is happi] 9 n>rative or description  
?an 9 dialogue4 ,8 h]oes & h]o9es are   
too mu* addict$ to /ilt$ conv]sation &  
to s5tim5tal rem>ks1 :i* look v well 9  
pr9t1 b are nev] he>d 9 ord9>y life4 ,! 
m9or *>act]s1 especially ^? ( ! peasant 
class1 su* z ,rory na ,*oppell1 !       
:isp]]1 or horse-tam]1 h ! gift ( spee* 
9 a mu* m natural & agreeable mann]4 ,! 
subord9ate p>ts ( ! book1 9 fact1 are   
its be/ p>ts4 ,! ,gaelic *iefta91 r$uc$ 
to pov]ty by ! ,engli% conqu]ors1 b     
reta9+ all 8 pride ( _s & #bhg au?ority 
ov] 8 p1 9 a seque/]$ hut among !       
m\nta9s2 ! bl9d h>p]2 ! old prie/2 ! mad
 woman ( ! cav]n2 ! fanatical soldi] (  
,cromwell2 & ! lawless ,rapp>ees1 are   

depict$ ) great skill4 ,! h]oes ( !     
/ory--= !re are two--are ! "o a         
,ca?olic1 ! o!r a ,prote/ant4 ,!y fight 
on opposite sides1 & 9 ! del9eation ( _!
 *>act]s1 & ! division ( f9e s5tim5ts   
betwe5 !m1 ,banim holds an ev5 h&4 ,he  
wrote = an ,engli% public1 & fe>ful (   
(f5d+ by too w>m an av[al ( 8 religi\s  
convictions1 he seems to u to h gone    
occasionally to ! opposite extreme1 &   
p5n$ sev]al passages :i* ,ca?olics _c   
read )\t displeasure4 ,b1 despite ^!    
faults1 :i* are nei!r v _m nor v s]i\s1 
,! ,boyne ,wat] ranks among ! be/ (     
,iri% novels1 & ,banim z a wor?y        
companion ( ,c>leton & ,g]ald ,griff94  
,,s]mons ,,on ,,moral ,,subjects4 ,by 8 
,em95ce ,c>d9al ,wiseman4 #hvo41        
pp4#dcd4 ,new ,york3 ,d4  ,j4 ,sadli]   
,co4  ,! disc\rses conta9$ 9 ?is volume 
=m an appropriate supplem5t to ! ,s]mons
 on our ,"l & on ,8 ,bless$ ,"m :i* we  
notic$ la/ mon?4 ,!y 7 deliv]$ "u ! same
 circum/ances z ! previ\s collection--t 
is1 = ! mo/ "p1 at ! ,engli% ,college 9 

,rome--& ought n1 !re=e1 to be consid]$ 
z a regul> c\rse4 ,b if !y d n pret5d to
 be a complete s]ies ( moral            
in/ructions1 !y w1 nev]!less1 be f\nd to
 t\* ^u ne>ly all ! fa%ionable s9s1 & to
 af=d ample food = reflection to all    
classes ( p]sons4 ,!y h ! same          
*>act]i/ics ( ?\ght & expression :i* m>k
 ! c>d9al's o!r writ+s--! same k9d tone 
( remon/rance ) s9n]s & enc\ragem5t = ! 
p5it5t1 ! same e>ne/ love ( ,god & man1 
& ! same1 ri*1 sometimes exub]ant1      
diction4 ,c>d9al ,wiseman rang$ ?r\gh a 
great v>iety ( subjects1 & t\*$ no?+ t  
he did n adorn1 b 8 /yle nev] v>i$ mu*2 
f "o ( 8 books y c easily judge ( all4  
,!re is little diff]5ce betwe5 ! /yle ( 
! ,s]mons on ,moral ,subjects & t1 =    
in/ance1 ( ,fabiola1 or ! ,lectures on  
,sci5ce & ,reveal$ ,religion4 ,x is an  
ornate mode ( writ+ :i* accommodates    
itself to a div]sity ( subjects1 & nev]1
 9 ! c>d9al's pages1 seems out ( place4 
,! s]mons n[ be=e u are em95tly         
practical2 &1 al?\gh a l>ge proportion (

 !m are address$ directly to irreligi\s 
p]sons1 & treat ( su* subjects z ,!     
,love ( ! ,_w1 ,sc&al1 ,detraction1     
,unwor?y ,communion1 ,unprep>$ ,dea?1 & 
! ,hatefulness ( ,s91 !y display1 9 a v 
m>k$ mann]1 t affectionat5ess to :i* we 
h else:]e allud$ z a *>act]i/ic ( !     
c>d9al's disc\rses4 ,he seems to love r 
to expo/ulate ?an to upbraid2 r to rem9d
 u ( ! happ9ess we h lo/ by s9 ?an to   
?reat5 u ) ! puni%m5t ( imp5it5ce2 & ev5
 :5 8 subject calls = /]n language1 !   
k9dly _s cont9ually breaks out4  ,! la/ 
s]mon 9 ! volume is entitl$ ,conclusion 
( a ,c\rse4 ,x conta9s ! foll[+ passage1
 explanatory ( ! purpose ( ! :ole       
collection3  ,^! in/ructions1 my de>    
bre?r51 h obvi\sly "o t5d5cy2 !y are all
 direct$ to exp\nd :at ! law ( ,god     
comm&s u to believe & to practice1 9    
ord] to rea* ^? rew>ds :i* he has prep>$
 = 8 fai?ful s]vants4 ,!y are direct$ to
 sugge/ su* motives z may induce u to   
fulfil ^! comm&s2 to enc\rage ^? :o are 
already on ! pa? to p]sev]e 9 x2 to br+ 

back ^? :o h w&]$2 to imp>t /r5g? to !  
weak & resolution to ! wav]+ & undecid$4
    ,,at ,,an*or2 ,a ,,/ory ,,( ,,our   
,,civil ,,w>4 ,by an ,am]ican4 #abmo41  
pp4 #caa4 ,new ,york3 ,d4 ,appleton     
,company4  ,! writ] ( ?is novel is      
evid5tly a ,ca?olic1 b ! /ory is        
political1 n religi\s4 ,x purports to be
 ! autobiography ( a loyal ,massa*usetts
 woman4 ,%e m>ries a ,c>ol9ian :om %e   
does n love1 & accompanies him to 8     
plantation-home4 ,at ! break+ out ( !   
w>1 ! husb& accepts a commission 9 !    
,conf$]ate s]vice4 ,he is report$ kill$1
 & ! wife1 hav+ le>n$ dur+ 8 abs5ce to  
love him1 devotes h]self to ! sick &    
w\nd$ 9 ,ri*mond4 ,aft] a "t %e makes h]
 way back to ,massa*usetts1 & !re1 at ! 
end ( ! book1 ! miss+ "l turns up2 n    
only safe & s\nd1 b conv]t$ f !         
political errors ( 8 ways1 & eag] to    
fight "u ! ,f$]al #bhh flag4 ,he enli/s 
z a private1 & has ris5 to be s]geant :5
 a w\nd disables him = fur!r s]vice1 &  
husb& & wife are at la/ unit$ & happy 9 

ea* o!r4 ,?is plot1 if x is a plot1 is  
int]wov5--we _c say complicat$--) sev]al
 int]e/+ incid5ts4 ,! h]o9e has ano!r   
lov]1 t[>d :om %e leans a will+ e>1  bo?
 9 maid5 life & dur+ h] suppos$         
wid[hood2 & he1 on 8 "p1 has ano!r      
mi/ress1 :o turns out to be our h]o9e's 
half-si/]4 ,( c\rse he m>ries ?is lady2 
& s bo? c\ples1 aft] mu* toss+ ab\t1 are
 peacefully at an*or4  ,?is is some?+ f>
 bett] ?an ! common sort ( s5sational   
w>-/ories4 ,x conta9s nei!r a gu]rilla  
nor a spy2 n>rates no ?rill+ de$ ( blood
 or hair's-bread? escape2 describes no  
battle2 & admits t bo? p>ties embrace _m
 noble & honorable m54 ,! writ] 7x ne$s 
little p5etration to see t %e is a      
woman7 expresses h]self fe>lessly1 b )\t
 undue bitt]ness1 on political matt]s1 &
 scatt]s ov] h] pages _m excell5t       
reflections4   ,,! ,,my/ical ,,rose2    
,,or1 ,,m>y ,,( ,,naz>e?1 ,,! ,,lily ,,(
 ,,! ,,h\se ,,( ,,david4 ,by ,m>ie      
,joseph9e4 #abmo41 pp4 viii41 #bij4 ,new
 ,york3 ,d4 ,appleton  ,company4  ,!    

au?oress ( ?is "w is a ,v]mont lady ( "s
 lit]>y exp]i5ce4 ,h] book gives ample  
evid5ce ( a cultivat$ & well-/or$ m9d4  
,x is an attempt to pres5t1 9 irregul>  
v]se1 a leg5d>y n>rative ( ! life ( !   
,bless$ ,virg92 & if ! poetry is n all (
 ! fir/ ord]1 x is at lea/ devotional1  
or p]haps we %\ld1 say consi/5t )       
devotional ideas--= ! writ] deals m ) ! 
poetical ?an ! religi\s aspect ( h]     
subject4 ,%e has drawn ! r\gh mat]ials =
 h] poem f a great v>iety ( s\rces1 to  
:i* %e gives ref]5ce 9 copi\s notes4 ,%e
 claims to h appropriat$ e covet$ relic 
or tradition h&$ d[n by hi/orian1       
,*ri/ian or pagan1 f ! ar*ives ( ,lat9  
,*ur*1 ,hebrew1 or ,greek1 com+ )9 scope
 ( h] orig9al plan4 ,%e has c]ta9ly     
succe$$ 9 br++ toge!r a great numb] (   
beautiful leg5ds1 :i* %e h&les 9 ! mo/  
affectionate mann]4   ,,! ,,correlation 
,,& ,,cons]vation ,,( ,,=ces3 ,a s]ies (
 ,expositions1 by ,pr(4 ,grove1 ,pr(4   
,helmholtz1 ,dr4 ,may]1 ,dr4 ,f>aday1   
,pr(4 ,liebig1 & ,dr4 ,c>p5t]4 ,) an    

,introduction & brief ,biographical     
,notices ( ! ,*ief ,promot]s ( ! ,new   
,views4 ,by ,edw>d ,l4 ,y\mans1 ,m4 ,d4 
#abmo41 pp4 xlii41 #dch4 ,new ,york3 ,d4
 ,appleton  ,company4  ,?is excell5t "w 
rea*$ u too late = an ext5d$ notice 9 ! 
pres5t numb]4 ,we %all speak ( x at     
great] l5g? next mon?4 ,9 ! meantime we 
w>mly recomm5d our read]s to buy x4     
,we h receiv$ ! ,april numb] ( ,! ,new  
,pa?3 a ,mon?ly ,art ,j\rnal1 !         
publication ( :i*1 aft] an int]val (    
sev]al mon?s1 is resum$ "u ! auspices ( 
,james ,mill]1 #ebb ,broadway4 ,?is     
little p]iodical repres5ts radical &    
peculi> views or art1 ,be+ alli$ 9      
op9ions to ! ,pre-,raphaelite s*ool2 b  
its indep5d5t & out-spok51 & (t5        
valuable1 criticisms mu/ h /ruck !      
limit$ circle ( read]s to :om x =m]ly   
appeal$4 ,we hope "u its new managem5t x
 w ex]cise a heal?ful influ5ce on       
,am]ican art4 ,! pres5t numb] conta9s   
articles on ,miss ,hosm]'s ,/atue (     
,z5obia1 ,our ,furniture1 notices (     

rec5t exhibitions1 etc41 etc4   ,murphy 
,co41 ,baltimore1 s5d u ,! ,my/]ies ( ! 
,liv+ ,ros>y1 pr9t$ 9 %eets1 &          
accompani$ by appropriate in/ructions1  
pray]s1 & m$itations4   ----------------
 #bhi   ,,! ,,ca?olic ,,_w1   ,,vol4    
,i41 ,,no4 #c4 ,,june1 #ahfe4   ,,!     
,,work+s ,,( ,,! ,,holy ,,_s ,,9 ,,!    
,,*ur* ,,( ,,engl&4   ,a ,,lett] ,,to   
,,! ,,rev4 ,e4 ,b4 ,,pusey1 ,d4,d4 ,,by 
,,h5ry ,,edw>d ,,mann+1 ,d4,d4   ,,my   
,,de> ,,fri5d1--,i d n "k :y twelve ye>s
 ( sil5ce %\ld =bid my call+ y /ill by !
 "n we us$ bo? to give & to accept (    
old4 ,ari/otle says inde$--  ,greek text
  b he did n "k ! basis & ! affections (
 a ,*ri/ian fri5d%ip su* z t to         
:i*--?\gh ,i ackn[l$ge 9 myself no claim
 to x--y 7 s k9d z to admit me4 ,sil5ce 
& susp5sion ( communications _c prevail 
aga9/ ! k9dl9ess & confid5ce :i* spr+s f
 su* ye>s & su* ev5ts z once unit$ u4   
,cont5tions & v>iances might inde$ m    
s]i\sly try & /ra9 su* a fri5d%ip4 ,b1  
?\gh we h be5 bo? p>t$ & oppos$1 !re has

 be5 betwe5 u nei!r v>iance nor         
cont5tion4 ,we h bo? be5 9 ! field inde$
 :]e a w>f>e has be5 wag+1 b1 happily1  
we h n met 9 conte/4 ,sometimes we h be5
 v ne> to ea* o!r1 & h ev5 felt !       
opposition ( ea* o!r's w & h&2 b ,i     
believe on nei!r side has !re ev] be5 a 
^w or an act :i* has left a ne$less     
w\nd4 ,t ,i %\ld h griev$ & displeas$ y 
is inevitable4 ,! simple fact ( my      
submitt+ to ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* mu/ h done 
s1 mu* m ! duties :i* b9d me z a pa/or4 
,if1 9 ! dis*>ge ( t (fice1 ,i h giv5 y 
or any "o ei!r pa9 or w\nd by p]sonal   
faults 9 ! mann] ( its dis*>ge1 ,i %\ld 
be op5 to j c5sure4 ,if ! displeasure   
arise only f ! sub/ance ( my duties1    
necessity is laid ^u me1 & y w\ld be !  
la/ to blame me4  ,y w p]haps be        
surpris$ at my beg9n+ ?us to write to y4
 ,i w at once tell y :y ,i d s4 ,ye/]day
 ,i saw1 = ! fir/ "t1 y\r pamphlet on ! 
legal =ce ( ! ,judgm5t ( ! ,privy       
,c\ncil1 & ,i f\nd my "n (t5 9 its      
pages4 ,i h no?+ to compla9 ( 9 ! way y 

use x4 ,& ,i tru/ t 9 ?is reply y w feel
 t ,i h n =gott5 y\r example4 ,b y\r    
m5tion ( me1 & ( old days1 k9dl$ 9 me a 
/rong desire to p\r out _m ?+s :i* h be5
 = ye>s ris+ 9 my m9d4 ,i h long wi%$ = 
! occasion to d s1 b ,i #bij h always   
felt t x is m fitt+ to take ?an to make 
su* an occasion3 & z y\r k9dness has    
made x1 ,i w take x4  ,b be=e ,i ent] ^u
 ! subject ( ?is lett] ,i wi% to say a  
few words ( y\rself1 & ( "s o!rs :om ,i 
am wont to class ) y4  ,among ! _m      
*all5ges to controv]sy & public         
disputation :i* x has be5 my =tune to   
receive1 &1 ,i may add1 my happ9ess to  
refuse1 9 ! la/ twelve or ?irte5 ye>s1  
"o 0 s5t me la/ autumn at ,ba?4 ,x 0 !  
only "o to :i*1 = a mom5t1 ,i 0 tempt$  
to write a reply4 ,! *all5g] paid me    
complim5ts on my hone/y 9 leav+ ! ,*ur* 
( ,engl&1 d5\nc+ ^? :o1 hold+ my        
pr9ciples1 /ill eat its bread4 ,i 0     
almo/ induc$ to write a few words to say
 t my old fri5ds & ,i are p>t$ because  
we hold pr9ciples :i* are               

irreconcileable2 t ,i once held :at !y  
hold n[1 & 0 !n unit$ ) !m2 t !y h nev] 
held :at ,i hold n[1 & !re=e we are     
sep>at$2 t !y are z hone/ 9 ! ,*ur* (   
,engl& n[ z ,i 0 once2 & t our sep>ation
 0 my own act 9 ab&on+ z unt5able !     
,anglican ,*ur* & its rule ( fai?1      
,scripture & antiquity1 :i* y & !y hold 
/ill1 & 9 submitt+ to ! voice ( !       
,ca?olic & ,roman ,*ur* at ?is h\r1 :i* 
,i believe to be ! sole au?oritative    
int]pret] ( ,scripture & ( antiquity4   
,?is pr9ciple no fri5d kn[n to me 9 !   
,*ur* ( ,engl& has ev] accept$4 ,9 all  
^! ye>s1 bo? 9 ,engl& & 9 =eign         
c\ntries1 & on occasions bo? private &  
public1 & ) p]sons ( e condition1 ,i h  
borne ?is witness = y & = o!rs4  ,i felt
 no little indignation at :at seem$ to  
me ! ins9c]ity ( my correspond5t1 b on  
reflection ,i felt t sil5ce 0 ! be/     
answ]4  ,i w n[ turn to y\r pamphlet1 & 
to ! subject ( ?is lett]4  ,y speak at !
 outset ( ! jubilee ( triumph among     
half-believ]s on ! occasion ( ! late    

,judgm5t ( ! ,cr[n 9 ,c\ncil2 & y add1  
,a class ( believ]s jo9$ 9 ! triumph4 ,&
 :ile ,i "k t a v e>ne/ body ( ,roman   
,ca?olics rejoice 9 all ! work+s ( ,god 
! ,holy ,gho/ 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& 7:atev]
 !y ?9k ( h]71 & are sadd5$ 9 :at weak5s
 h] :o is1 9 ,god's h&s1 ! great bulw>k 
aga9/ infidelity 9 ?is l&1 o!rs seem$ to
 be 9 an ec/asy ( triumph at ?is victory
 ( ,satan4  ,footnote #ee ,n[1 ,i w n   
ask :]e y int5d$ to class me4 ,b z an   
anonym\s critic ( a pamphlet lately     
publi%$ by me accus$ me ( rejoic+ 9 y\r 
tr\bles1 & ano!r m rec5tly--) a want (  
c&or visible 9 e l9e ( ! attack-- accus$
 me ( be+ m]ry ov] ^! mis]ies ( ! ,*ur* 
( ,engl&1 ,i ?9k ! "t is made = me to   
decl>e h[ ,i reg>d ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&1 &  
ev5ts l ^!2 & ,i "k no "o to :om ,i w\ld
 r address :at ,i ,h to say ?an to      
y\rself4    ,footnote #ee3 ,legal ,=ce (
 ! ,judgm5t ( ! ,privy ,c\ncil1 by   !  
,rev4 ,e4 ,b4 ,pusey1 ,d4,d41 pp4 #c1   
#d4  ,i w1 !n1 say at once3  #a4 ,t ,i  
rejoice ) all my he>t 9 all ! work+s ( !

 ,holy ,gho/ 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&4  #b4 ,t
 ,i lam5t :5soev] :at rema9s ( tru? 9 x 
gives way be=e unbelief4  #c4 ,t ,i     
rejoice :5soev] :at is imp]fect 9 x is  
unfold$ into a m p]fect tru?4  #d4 ,b t 
,i _c reg>d ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& z ! great  
bulw>k aga9/ infidelity 9 ?is l&1 =     
reasons :i* ,i w give 9 _! place4  #a4  
,fir/1 !n1 ,i w say :at ,i believe ( !  
,*ur* ( ,engl&1 & :y ,i rejoice 9 e     
work+ ( ! ,holy ,_s 9 x4 ,& ,i d ?is ! m
 gladly because ,i h be5 sometimes      
griev$ at he>+1 & once at ev5 see+ 9 a  
h&writ+ :i* ,i rev]5ce ) affection1 !   
#bia /atem5t t ,ca?olics--or at lea/ !  
wor/ ( ,ca?olics call$ conv]ts--d5y !   
validity ( ,anglican baptism1 reg>d our 
own pa/ spiritual life z a mock]y1 look 
^u our dep>t$ p>5ts z hea!n1 & d5y !    
op]ations ( ! ,holy ,_s 9 ^? :o are out 
( ! ,*ur*4 ,i d n believe t ^? :o say   
su* ?+s h ev] read ! ,condemn$          
,propositions1 or are aw>e t a ,ca?olic 
:o s spoke w\ld come "u ! weight ( at   
lea/ two pontifical c5sures1 & ! decrees

 ( at lea/ two g5]al c\ncils4  ,i ne$ n1
 h[ev]1 d m ?an rem9d y t1 accord+ to ! 
fai? & !ology ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 !     
op]ations ( ! ,holy ,_s ( ,god h be5 f !
 beg9n+ ( ! _w co-ext5sive ) ! :ole     
human race4  ,footnote #ef    ,footnote 
#ef3 ,su>ez1 ,de ,div9a ,gratia4 ,p>s   
,secunda1 lib4 iv41 c4   viii4 xi4 xii4 
,ripalda1 ,de ,ente ,sup5aturali1 lib4  
i41 disp4 xx41   s4 xii4 & s4 xxii4     
,viva1 ,cursus ,!ol41 p>s iii41 disp4   
i41   quae/4 v4 iii4  ,believ+1 !n1 9 ! 
op]ations ( ! ,holy ,_s1 ev5 among !    
nations ( ! _w :o h nei!r ! revelation (
 ! fai? nor ! sacram5ts1 h[ mu* m mu/ we
 believe 8 pres5ce & grace 9 ^? :o are  
reg5]ate by wat] & ! ,holy ,gho/8 ,x    
w\ld be imp]t95t = me to say to y--^: "n
 fir/ became celebrat$ = a tract on     
baptism1 :i*1 not)/&+ c]ta9 imp]fections
 insep>able f a "w writt5 :5 & :]e y    
wrote x1 is 9 sub/ance deep1 true1 &    
elevat+--t baptism1 if rightly adm9i/]$ 
) ! due =m & matt]1 is always 'valid by 
:atsoev] h& x may be giv54  ,footnote   

#eg    ,footnote #eg3 ,concil4 ,flor5t4 
,decretum ,eug5ii ,,iv4 ,mansi ,concil41
   tom1 xviii4 #edg4 ,9 casu autem      
necessitatis non solum sac]dos vel      
diaconus s$ etiam laicus vel muli]1 immo
 etiam paganus et   ha]eticus baptiz>e  
pote/1 dummodo =mam s]vet ,ecclesiae1 et
   fac]e int5dat quod facit ,ecclesia4  
,! ,c\ncil ( ,tr5t repeats   ?is "u     
ana!ma1 ,sess4 vii41 c4 iv43 ,si quis   
dix]it   ,baptismum qui etiam datur ab  
ha]eticis 9 ,nom9e ,patris1 et ,filii1  
et ,spiritus ,sancti1 cum int5tione esse
 v]um ,baptismum1 ana!ma   sit4 ,see    
also ,bell>m4 ,controv]sial1 ,de        
,baptismo1 lib4 i41 c4  ,let me1 !n1 say
 at once  #a4 ,t 9 d5y+ ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&
 to be ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 or any "p ( x1 
or 9 any div9e & true s5se a *ur* at    
all1 & 9 d5y+ ! validity ( its          
absolutions & its ord]s1 no ,ca?olic ev]
 d5ies ! work+s ( ! ,_s ( ,god or !     
op]ations ( grace 9 x4  #b4 ,t 9 affirm+
 ! work+s ( grace 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&1 no
 ,ca?olic ev] !reby affirms t x         

possesses ! "* ( a *ur*4  ,!y :o mo/    
inflexibly d5y to x ! "* ( a *ur* affirm
 mo/ explicitly ! pres5ce & ! op]ations 
( grace among its p1 & t = ! foll[+     
reasons3  ,9 ! judgm5t ( ! ,ca?olic     
,*ur*1 a baptiz$ p is no long] 9 ! /ate 
( nature1 b is admitt$ to a /ate (      
sup]natural grace4 ,& ?\gh ,i believe ! 
numb] ( ^? :o h nev] be5 baptiz$ to be v
 great 9 ,engl&1 & to be increas+ e ye>1
 nev]!less ,i believe ! ,engli% p1 z a  
mass1 to be a ,baptiz$ p4 ,i say ! numb]
 ( ! unbaptiz$ is great1 because !re are
 _m causes :i* contribute to produce ?is
 result4 ,fir/1 ! imp]fect1 & !re=e     
invalid1 adm9i/ration ( baptism ?r\gh ! 
c>elessness ( ! adm9i/rators4 ,y1       
p]haps1 ?9k t ?is is exagg]at$1 ?r\gh an
 errone\s belief ( ,ca?olics z to !     
ext5t ( su* c>elessness among !         
,prote/ant m9i/]s1 bo? 9 & out ( ! ,*ur*
 ( ,engl&4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 und5iable1 z ,i
 "k f ! evid5ce ( eye-witnesses1 t su*  
c>elessness has1 9 times pa/1 be5 great 
& frequ5t4 ,?is ,i consid] ! lea/1 b a  

suffici5t1 reason = believ+ t _m h nev] 
be5 baptiz$4 ,add to ?is1 neglig5ce     
caus$ by ! =mal disbelief ( baptismal   
reg5]ation 9 a l>ge numb] ( ,prote/ant  
m9i/]s4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 two o!r reasons
 f> m direct4 ,! "o is ! /udi$          
rejection1 z a po9t ( religi\s          
pr(ession1 ( ! practice ( infant        
baptism4 ,_m !re=e gr[ up )\t baptism :o
 9 adult life1 = v>i\s causes1 nev] seek
 x4 #bib ,! o!r1 ! s9ful unbelief &     
neglect ( p>5ts 9 e class ( ! ,engli% p1
 :o (t5 leave :ole families ( *ildr5 to 
gr[ up )\t baptism4 ,( ! fact t _m h    
nev] be5 baptiz$1 ,i1 or any ,ca?olic   
prie/ actively employ$ 9 ,engl&1 c be>  
witness4 ,!re are few among u :o h n _h 
to baptize gr[n p ( e condition1 poor & 
ri*2 &1 ( *ildr51 (t5 :ole families     
toge!r4 ,!re has inde$ be51 9 ! la/     
?irty ye>s1 a revival ( c>e 9 !         
adm9i/ration ( baptism on ! "p ( !      
,anglican m9i/]s1 & ( att5tion on ! "p (
 p>5ts 9 br++ _! *ildr5 to be baptiz$2 b
 ?is reaction is by no means            

proportionate to ! neglect1 :i* on ! o!r
 side has be5 ext5d+4 ,my fe> is t1 aft]
 all1 ! numb] ( p]sons unbaptiz$ 9      
,engl& is great] at ?is mom5t ?an at any
 previ\s "t4  ,/ill ! ,engli% p z a body
 are baptiz$1 & !re=e elevat$ to ! ord] 
( sup]natural grace4 ,e infant1 & also e
 adult baptiz$1 hav+ ! necess>y         
dispositions1 is !reby plac$ 9 a /ate ( 
ju/ification2 &1 if !y die )\t committ+ 
any mortal s91 w\ld c]ta9ly be sav$4 ,!y
 are also1 9 ! sight ( ! ,*ur*1         
,ca?olics4 ,/4 ,augu/9e says1 ,ecclesia 
etiam int] eos qui =is sunt p] baptismum
 g5]at suos4 ,a mortal s9 ( any k9d1    
includ+ prava voluntatis electio1 !     
p]v]se election ( ! w1 by :i* 9 rip]    
ye>s su* p]sons *ose = !mselves1 not)/&+
 suffici5t light1 h]esy in/ead ( ! true 
fai?1 & s*ism in/ead ( ! unity ( !      
,*ur*1 w\ld inde$ deprive !m ( _! /ate (
 grace4 ,b be=e su* act ( self-privation
 all su* p are reg>d$ by ! ,ca?olic     
,*ur* z 9 ! way ( et]nal life4 ,) p]fect
 confid5ce ( fai?1 we ext5d ! %elt] (   

?is tru? ov] ! millions ( infants & "y  
*ildr5 :o e ye> pass to _! ,heav5ly     
,fa!r4 ,we ext5d x also 9 hope to _m m  
:o gr[ up 9 _! baptismal grace4 ,ca?olic
 mission>ies 9 ?is c\ntry h (t5 assur$  
me ( a fact1 atte/$ also by my own      
exp]i5ce1 t !y h receiv$ into ! ,*ur*   
p]sons gr[n to adult life1 9 :om _!     
baptismal grace 0 /ill pres]v$4 ,n[ h[ c
 we !n be suppos$ to reg>d su* p]sons z 
no bett] ?an hea!ns8 ,to ascribe ! good 
lives ( su* p]sons to ! p[] ( nature    
w\ld be ,pelagianism4 ,to d5y _!        
goodness1 w\ld be ,jans5ism4 ,&1 ) su* a
 consci\sness1 h[ c\ld any "o reg>d 8   
pa/ spiritual life 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& z 
a mock]y8 ,i h no deep] conviction ?an t
 ! grace ( ! ,holy ,_s 0 ) me f my      
e>lie/ consci\sness4 ,?\gh at ! "t1     
p]haps1 ,i knew x n z ,i "k x n[1 yet ,i
 c cle>ly p]ceive ! ord] & *a9 ( grace  
by :i* ,god m]cifully l$ me onw>d f     
*ildhood to ! age ( tw5ty ye>s4 ,f t "t 
! int]ior work+s ( 8 light & grace1 :i* 
cont9u$ ?r\gh all my life1 till ! h\r 9 

:i* t light & grace _h its p]fect "w1 to
 :i* all its op]ations _h be5 conv]g+1 9
 submission to ! fulness ( tru? ( ! ,_s 
( ! ,*ur* ( ,god1 is a reality z        
pr(\ndly c]ta91 intimate1 & s5sible to  
me n[ z t ,i live4 ,nev] h ,i by !      
lighte/ ^w brea!d a d\bt ( ?is fact 9 ! 
div9e ord] ( grace4 ,nev] h ,i all[$ any
 "o :o has come to me = guidance or     
in/ruction to h>bor a d\bt ( ! pa/      
work+s ( grace 9 !m4 ,x w\ld be n only a
 s9 ( +ratitude1 b a s9 aga9/ tru?4 ,!  
work+ ( ! ,holy ,_s 9 individual s\ls   
is1 z ,i h said1 z old z ! fall ( man1 &
 z wide z ! human race4 ,x is n we :o   
ev] brea! or h>bor a d\bt ( ?is4 ,x is r
 !y :o accuse u ( x4 ,because1 to       
believe su* an error possible 9 o!rs %[s
 h[ little consci\sness !re mu/ be ( !  
true doctr9e ( grace 9 !mselves4 ,& su*1
 ,i am =c$ #bic to add1 is my belief1   
because ,i "k by exp]i5ce h[            
inadequately ,i und]/ood ! doctr9e (    
grace until ,i le>n$ x ( ! ,ca?olic     
,*ur*4 ,& ,i trace ! same inadequate    

conception ( ! work+s ( grace 9 almo/ e 
,anglican writ] ,i "k1 n except+ ev5 ^? 
:o are ne>e/ to ! tru?4  ,b1 fur!r1 our 
!ologians tea*1 n only t ! /ate (       
baptismal innoc5ce exi/s1 & may be      
pres]v$ out ( ! ,*ur*1 b t !y :o 9 good 
fai? are out ( x1 if !y %all correspond 
) ! grace !y h already receiv$1 w       
receive an increase or augm5tation (    
grace4  ,footnote #eh ,i d n = a mom5t  
d\bt t !re are to be f\nd among !       
,engli% p individuals :o practise 9 a   
high degree ! f\r c>d9al virtues1 & 9 no
 small degree1 ?\gh ) ! limits &        
blemi%es insep>able f _! /ate1 ! ?ree   
!ological virtues ( fai?1 ,footnote #ei 
hope1 & *>ity1 infus$ into !m 9 _!      
baptism4 ,i d n ?9k1 my de> fri5d1 9 all
 t ,i h said or writt5 9 ! la/ f\rte5   
ye>s1 t y c f9d a ^w imply+ s mu* z a   
d\bt ( ! work+s ( ! ,holy ,_s among all 
! baptiz$ :o are sep>at$ f ! ,ca?olic   
,*ur*4    ,footnote #eh3 ,su>ez1 ,de    
,div4 ,gratia1 lib4 iv41 c4 xi4         
,ripalda1   ,de ,ente ,sup]naturali1    

lib4 i41 disp4 xx41 sect4 xii4 et seq4  
,s4   ,alphonsi ,!ol4 ,moral41 lib4 i41 
tract1 #a4 #e1 #f4     ,footnote #ei3   
,de ,lugo1 ,de ,virtute div9ae ,fidei1  
disp4 xvii41   sect4 iv1 v4 ,viva1      
,cursus ,!ol41 p4 iv41 disp4 iv41 quae/4
 iii4  #g4  ,i w g fur!r /ill4 ,!       
doctr9e1 ,extra ecclesiam nulla salus is
 to be int]pret$ bo? by dogmatic & by   
moral !ology4 ,z a dogma1 !ologians tea*
 t _m belong to ! ,*ur* :o are out ( its
 visible unity2  ,footnote #fj z a moral
 tru?1 t to be out ( ! ,*ur* is no      
p]sonal s91 except to ^? :o s9 9 be+ out
 ( x4 ,t is1 !y w be lo/1 n because !y  
are geographically out ( x1 b because !y
 are culpably out ( x4 ,& !y :o are     
culpably out ( x are ^? :o "k--or might1
 & !re=e ought to1 "k--t x is _! duty to
 submit to x4 ,! ,*ur* tea*es t m5 may  
be inculpably out ( its pale4 ,n[ !y are
 inculpably out ( x :o are & h always   
be5 ei!r physically or morally unable to
 see _! obligation to submit to x4 ,& !y
 only are culpably out ( x :o are bo?   

physically & morally able to "k t x is  
,god's w !y %\ld submit to ! ,*ur*2 &   
ei!r kn[+ x w n obey t k1 or1 n kn[+ x1 
are culpable = t ignorance4 ,i w say !n 
at once1 t we apply ?is b5ign law ( our 
,div9e ,ma/] z f> z possible to !       
,engli% p4 ,fir/1 x is applicable 9 !   
lett] to ! :ole multitude ( ^? baptiz$  
p]sons :o are "u ! age ( reason4        
,secondly1 to all :o are 9 good fai?1 ( 
:atsoev] age !y be3 su* z a great _m ( !
 poor & unlett]$1 to :om x is (t5       
physically1 & v (t5 morally1 impossible 
to judge :i* is ! true revelation or    
,*ur* ( ,god4 ,i say physically1 because
 9 ^! ?ree hundr$ ye>s ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* 
has be5 s swept (f ! face ( ,engl& t n9e
 or t5 g5]ations ( m5 h liv$ & di$ )\t !
 fai? be+ s mu* z propos$ to !m1 or !   
,*ur* ev] visible to !m2 & ,i say       
morally1 because ! great majority ( !   
poor1 f lifelong prejudice1 are (t5     
incapable ( judg+ 9 a "q s f> remov$ f !
 prim>y tru?s ( consci5ce & ,*ri/ianity4
 ,( su* simple p]sons x may be said t1  

infantibus aequip>antur1 !y are to be   
class$ morally ) infants4 ,aga91 to ^!  
may be add$ ! unle>n$ 9 all classes1    
among :om _m h no contact ) ! ,ca?olic  
,*ur*1 or ) ,ca?olic books4 ,"u ?is head
 w come a great numb] ( wives &         
daught]s1 ^: fre$om ( religi\s inquiry &
 religi\s ?\ght is unju/ly #bid limit$  
or susp5d$ by ! au?ority ( p>5ts &      
husb&s4 ,add1 la/ly1 ! l>ge class :o h  
be5 /udi\sly br\ght up1 ) all ! dom9ant 
au?ority ( ! ,engli% tradition ( ?ree   
hundr$ ye>s1 to believe s9c]ely1 & )\t a
 d\bt1 t ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* is corrupt1   
has *ang$ ! doctr9es ( ! fai?1 & t !    
au?or ( ! ,re=mation is ! ,_s ( hol9ess 
& tru?4 ,x may seem incr$ible to "s t   
su* an illusion exi/s4 ,b x is cr$ible  
to me1 because = ne>ly =ty ye>s ( my    
life ,i 0 fully possess$ by ?is errone\s
 belief4 ,to all su* p]sons x is morally
 difficult 9 no small degree to discov] 
! falsehood ( ?is illusion4 ,all ! bett]
 p>ts ( _! nature are engag$ 9 its      
support3 dutifulness1 self-mi/ru/1      

submission1 respect = o!rs old]1 bett]1 
m le>n$ ?an !mselves1 all comb9e to =m a
 false consci5ce ( ! duty to refuse to  
he> any?+ aga9/ ! religion ( _! fa!rs1 !
 *ur* ( _! baptism1 or to read any?+ :i*
 c\ld unsettle !m4 ,su* p are told t x  
is _! duty to ext+ui% a d\bt aga9/ !    
,*ur* ( ,engl&1 z !y w\ld ext+ui% a     
temptation aga9/ _! virtue4 ,a consci5ce
 s subdu$ & held 9 subjection ex]cises  
true virtues ^u a false object1 & r5d]s 
to a human au?ority ! submissive tru/   
:i* is due only to ! div9e voice ( !    
,*ur* ( ,god4    ,footnote #fj3 ,see    
,p]rone ,praelect4 ,!olog41 p>s i41 c4  
ii4 #a1 #b3      ,omnes et soli ju/i    
p]t95t ad ,ecclesiae animam4      ,ad   
,*ri/i ,ecclesiae corpus spectant       
fideles omnes tam ju/i quam             
peccatores4      ,/4 ,augu/9e expresses 
^! two propositions 9 six words1        
,multae oves =is1 multi lupi intus4 ,/4 
,aug41 tom1 iii41 p4 ii4     #fjj4  ,"o 
la/ po9t ,i w add4 ,i believe t ! p (   
,engl& 7 n all guilty ( ! fir/ acts (   

h]esy & s*ism by :i* !y 7 sep>at$ f !   
,ca?olic unity & fai?4 ,!y 7 robb$ ( x4 
,9 _m places !y rose 9 arms = x4 ,!     
*ildr51 ! poor1 ! unle>n$ at t "t1 7    
c]ta9ly innoc5t3 mu* m ! next g5]ation4 
,!y 7 born into a /ate ( privation4 ,!y 
knew no bett]4 ,no *oice 0 be=e !m4 ,!y 
made no p]v]se act ( ! w 9 rema9+ :]e !y
 7 born4 ,e successive g5]ation 0 /ill  
less culpable1 9 proportion z !y 7 born 
into a great] privation1 & "u ! dom9ion 
( a tradition ( error already gr[n      
/rong4 ,= ?ree c5turies !y h be5 born   
fur!r & fur!r out ( ! tru?1 & _!        
culpability is p]petually dim9i%+2 & z  
!y 7 passively borne onw>d 9 ! c\rse ( !
 ,engli% sep>ation1 ! moral             
responsibility = ! pa/ is               
proportionately less4  ,! div9e law is  
p]emptory--to him :o kn[e? to d good1 & 
doe? x n1 to him x is s94  ,footnote #fa
 ,e div9e tru?1 z x %9es 9 ^u u1 lays   
its obligation on our consci5ce to      
believe & to obey x4 ,:5 ! div9e        
au?ority ( ! ,*ur* manife/s itself to   

our intellect1 x lays its jurisdiction  
^u our consci5ce to submit to x4 ,to    
refuse is an act ( infidelity1 & ! lea/ 
act ( infidelity 9 its measure expels   
fai?2 "o mortal act ( x w expel ! habit 
( fai? altoge!r4   ,footnote #fb ,e su* 
act ( infidelity grieves ! ,holy ,gho/  
by a direct opposition to 8 div9e voice 
speak+ ?r\gh ! ,*ur*2 ! habit ( su*     
opposition is "o ( ! six s9s aga9/ !    
,holy ,gho/ def9$ z impugn+ ! kn[n tru?4
 ,all t ,i h said above 9 no way        
modifies ! absolute & vital necessity ( 
submitt+ to ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* z ! only   
way ( salvation to ^? :o "k x1 by !     
revelation ( ,god1 to be su*4 ,b ,i mu/ 
n attempt n[ to treat ( ?is po9t4       
,footnote #fa3 ,/4 ,james iv4 #ag4      
,footnote #fb3 ,de ,lugo1 ,de ,virtute  
,fidel ,div9ae1 disp4 xvii41   sect4 iv4
 #ec et seq4   ,nev]!less = ! reasons   
above giv5 we make ! l>ge/ all[ance =   
all :o are 9 inv9cible ignorance2 always
 suppos+ t !re is a prep>ation ( he>t to
 embrace ! tru? :5 !y see x1 at any co/1

 a desire to "k x1 & a fai?ful use ( !  
means ( kn[+ x1 su* z /udy1 docility1   
pray]1 & ! l4 ,b ,i d n n[ ent] into !  
case ( ! educat$ or ! le>n$1 or ( ^? :o 
h lib]ty ( m9d & means ( inquiry4 ,i _c 
class !m "u #bie ! above enum]ation ( ^?
 :o are inculpably out ( ! tru?4 ,i     
leave !m1 !re=e1 to ! only ,judge ( all 
m54  ,la/ly1 ,i w n "h attempt to       
e/imate h[ f> all ,i h said is be+      
modifi$ by ! lib]ation & expansion ( !  
,ca?olic ,*ur* 9 ,engl& dur+ ! la/ ?irty
 ye>s4 ,x is c]ta9 t ! re/oration ( !   
,ca?olic hi]>*y1 ) ! univ]sal tumult :i*
 publi%$ x to ! :ole _w1 /ill m by its  
/eady1 wide-spread1 & p5etrat+ action   
?r\gh\t ,engl&1 is tak+ away e ye> !    
plea ( inv9cible ignorance4  ,x is      
c]ta91 h[ev]1 t to ^? :o1 be+ 9         
inv9cible ignorance1 fai?fully co-op]ate
 ) ! grace !y h receiv$1 an augm5tation 
( grace is giv52 & ?is at once places ! 
,engli% p1 s f> z !y come )9 ! limits ( 
^! conditions1 9 a /ate ( sup]natural   
grace1 ev5 ?\gh !y be out ( ! visible   

unity ( ! ,*ur*4 ,i d n n[ ent] into !  
"q ( ! /ate ( ^? :o fall f baptismal    
grace by mortal s91 or ( ! great        
difficulty & unc]ta9ty ( _! re/oration4 
,?is w\ld lead me too f>2 & x lies      
beyond ! limits ( ?is lett]4  ,x mu/ n1 
h[ev]1 be =gott51 = a mom5t1 t ?is      
applies to ! :ole ,engli% p1 ( all =ms (
 ,*ri/ianity1 or1 z x is call$1 ( all   
d5om9ations4 ,:at ,i h said does n      
recognize ! grace ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& z  
su*4 ,! work+ ( grace 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&
 is a tru? we joyfully hold & always    
tea*4 ,b we z joyfully recognize ! work+
 ( ! ,holy ,_s among ,diss5t]s ( e k9d4 
,inde$1 ,i mu/ say t ,i am f> m able to 
assure myself ( ! inv9cible ignorance ( 
,diss5t]s z a mass ?an ( ,anglicans z a 
mass4 ,!y are f> m depriv$ ( :at surviv$
 ( ,ca?olic tru?2 f> m di/ant f ! idea (
 a ,*ur*2 f> m traditionally oppos$ to x
 by ! prejudice ( education2 ,i mu/ add1
 = ! mo/ "p1 f> m simple 9 _! belief 9 !
 p]son & passion ( our ,div9e ,"l4 ,_!  
piety is m l ! p]sonal s]vice (         

disciples to a p]sonal ,ma/] ?an !      
,anglican piety1 :i* has always be5 m   
dim & di/ant f ?is c5tral light ( s\ls4 
,witness ,j]emy ,taylor's works1 mu* z  
,i h lov$ !m1 comp>$ ) ,baxt]'s1 or ev5 
^? ( ,&rews comp>$ ) ,leighton's1 :o 0  
=m$ by ! ,kirk ( ,scotl&4  ,i d n "h    
=get all y h done to provide ascetical &
 devotional books = ! use ( ! ,*ur* (   
,engl&1 bo? by y\r own writ+s1 &1 may ,i
 n say x1 f y\r neighbor's v9ey>d8  ,)  
tru?1 !n1 ,i c say t ,i rejoice 9 all ! 
op]ations ( ! ,holy ,_s out ( ! ,ca?olic
 ,*ur*1 :e!r 9 ! ,anglican or o!r       
,prote/ant bodies2 n t ^? communions are
 !reby inve/$ ) any sup]natural "*1 b   
because m s\ls1 ,i tru/1 are sav$4 ,if  
,i h a great] joy ov] ^! work+s ( grace 
9 ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&1 x is only because m 
t are de> to me are 9 x1 = :om e day ,i 
nev] fail to pray4 ,^! graces to        
individuals 7 giv5 be=e ! ,*ur* 0 f\nd$1
 & are giv5 /ill out ( its unity4 ,!y   
are no m tok5s ( an ecclesia/ical "*1 or
 a sacram5tal p[] 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&1   

?an 9 ! ,kirk ( ,scotl&1 or 9 !         
,wesleyan connexion2 !y prove only !    
manifold grace ( ,god1 :i*1 aft] all !  
s9s ( m51 & 9 ! mid/ ( all ! ru9s he has
 made1 /ill works 9 ! s\ls = :om ,*ri/  
di$4 ,su*1 !n1 is our e/imate ( ! ,*ur* 
( ,engl& 9 reg>d to ! grace t works n by
 x1 nor ?r\gh x1 b 9 x & among ^? :o1   
)\t faults ( _! own1 are deta9$ by x f !
 true ,*ur* ( _! baptism4  ,& "h x is   
necess>y to gu>d aga9/ a possible misuse
 ( :at ,i h said4 ,let no "o imag9e t he
 may /ill cont9ue 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&    
because ,god has hi!rto m]cifully be/[$ 
8 grace ^u #bif him4 ,z ,i h %[n1 ?is is
 no evid5ce t salvation is to be _h by !
 ,*ur* ( ,engl&4 ,x is an axiom t to ^? 
:o d all !y c ,god nev] refuses 8 grace4
 ,he be/[s x t he may lead !m on f grace
 to grace1 & f tru? to tru?1 until !y   
ent] ! full & p]fect light ( fai? 9 8   
only true fold4 ,! grace !y h receiv$1  
!re=e1 0 giv51 n to deta9 !m 9 ! ,*ur* (
 ,engl&1 b to call !m out ( x4 ,! grace 
( _! pa/ life lays on !m ! obligation ( 

seek+ & submitt+ to ! p]fect tru?4 ,god 
w\ld h all m5 to be sav$1 & to come to !
 k ( ! tru?4   ,footnote #fc ,b 8 ,*ur* 
is an em95t doctr9e1 & memb] ( t tru?2 &
 all grace giv5 out ( ! ,*ur* is giv5 9 
ord] to br+ m5 into ! ,*ur*1 :]esoev] ! 
,*ur* is pres5t to !m4 ,if !y refuse to 
submit to ! ,*ur* !y resi/ ! div9e      
int5tion ( ! graces !y h hi!rto receiv$1
 & are !reby 9 grave dang] ( los+ !m1 z 
we see too (t5 9 m5 :o once 7 on !      
?re%old ( ! ,*ur*1 & n[ are 9           
rationalism1 or 9 /ates ( :i* ,i desire 
to say no m4    ,footnote #fc3 #a ,tim4 
ii4 #d4  #b4 ,let me next speak ( !     
tru?s :i* ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& /ill reta9s4 
,i h no pleasure 9 its pres5t trials2 & 
! anonym\s writ] :o describes me z be+  
positively m]ry ov] its disa/]s little  
kn[s me4 ,if ,i am to speak pla9ly1 he  
seems to me to be guilty ( "o ( !       
greate/ (f5ces--a ra% accusation aga9/  
"o :om he evid5tly does n "k4 ,i w fur!r
 say t ,i lam5t ) all my he>t :5soev]   
:at rema9s ( tru? 9 ! ,anglican sy/em   

gives way be=e unbelief4  ,i d n1 inde$1
 reg>d ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& z a tea*] (     
tru?1 = t w\ld imply t x tea*es ! tru? 9
 all its circumf]5ce1 & 9 all its div9e 
c]ta9ty4 ,n[ ?is is precisely :at !     
,*ur* ( ,engl& does n1 &1 z ,i w %[     
pres5tly1 has de/roy$ 9 itself ! p[] (  
do+4 ,i am will+ to call x a tea*] (    
tru?s1 because _m fragm5t>y tru?s1      
%att]$1 disjo9t$ f ! p]fect unity ( !   
,*ri/ian revelation1 /ill survive !     
,re=mation1 &1 ) mu* v>iation & 9 ! mid/
 ( mu* contradiction1 are /ill taught 9 
x4 ,i h be5 wont always to say1 & to say
 ) joy1 t ! ,re=mation1 :i* has done its
 "w ) su* a t]rible complet5ess 9       
,g]many1 0 arre/$ 9 ,engl&2 t "h mu* ( !
 ,*ri/ian belief & ,*ri/ian ord] has    
surviv$4 ,until lately ,i h be5 9 !     
habit ( say+ t !re are ?ree ?+s :i*     
mission>ies may take = grant$ 9 ,engl&3 
fir/1 ! exi/5ce ( a sup]natural _w2     
secondly1 ! revelation ( ,*ri/ianity2 & 
?irdly1 ! inspiration ( ,scripture4 ,!  
,*ur* ( ,engl& has also pres]v$ o!r     

doctr9es ) m or less ( exactness1 su* z 
! doctr9e ( ! ,holy ,tr9ity1 !          
inc>nation1 baptism1 & ! l4 ,i w n n[   
ent] into ! "q z to :at o!r doctr9es are
 reta9$ by x1 because a few m or a few  
less w\ld make little diff]5ce 9 ! f9al 
e/imate a ,ca?olic mu/ make ( x4 ,a     
tea*] ( ,*ri/ian tru?s ,i gladly admit x
 to be4 ,a tea*] ( ,*ri/ian tru?--no1   
because x rejects mu* ( t tru?1 & also !
 div9e pr9ciple ( its p]petuity 9 ! _w4 
,nev]!less1 ,i rejoice 9 e fragm5t (    
doctr9e :i* rema9s 9 x2 & ,i %\ld lam5t 
! enfeebl+ or dim9ution ( any p>ticle ( 
t tru?4 ,i h ev] reg>d$ ) regret !      
s-call$ ,l[-,*ur* & ,latitud9>ian s*ools
 9 ! ,anglican ,*ur*1 because ,i believe
 _! action & effect is to dim9i% :at    
rema9s ( tru? 9 x4 ,i h always reg>d$ ) 
joy1 & ,i h nev] ceas$ to reg>d )       
sympa?y1 not)/&+ mu* :i* ,i _c ei!r l or
 respect1 ! labors ( ! ,high-,*ur* or   
,anglo-,ca?olic p>ty1 because ,i believe
 t _! action & effect are to /r5g!n !   
?+s :i* rema91 :i* 7 ready #big to die4 

,= myself1 ,i am consci\s h[ little ,i h
 ev] done 9 my life2 b z x is n[ draw+  
t[>d its end1 ,i h at lea/ ?is          
consolation1 t ,i _c rememb] at any "t1 
by ^w or act1 to h und]m9$ a reveal$    
tru?2 b t1 accord+ to my p[]1 little    
en\gh z ,i "k1 ,i h endeavor$ to build  
up :at tru? ,i knew1 tru? ^u tru?1 if   
only z "o gra9 ( s& ^u ano!r1 & to b9d x
 toge!r by ! only bond & pr9ciple (     
cohesion :i* holds 9 unity ! p]fect     
revelation ( ,god4 ,a v de> fri5d1 ^:   
fri5d%ip has be5 to me "o ( ! mo/       
in/ructive1 & ! loss ( :i* 0 to me "o ( 
! h>de/ sacrifices ,i _h to make1 has   
(t5 object$ to me1 ) ! subtlety :i* m>ks
 8 m9d1 t my act 9 leav+ ! ,*ur* (      
,engl& has help$ =w>d ! unbelief :i* is 
n[ invad+ x4 ,no d\bt he meant to say t 
! t5d5cy ( su* an act help$ to %ake !   
confid5ce ( o!rs 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& z a 
tea*] ( tru?4 ,?is objection 01 l 8 m9d1
 +5i\s & ref9$4 ,b a mom5t's ?\ght      
unravell$ x1 & ,i answ]$ x mu* 9 ^!     
words3    ,i d n believe t by submitt+  

to ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* any "o   c weak5 !  
witness ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& = ! tru? :i* 
x reta9s4 ,s f> z x holds ! tru?1 x is 9
 con=mity to !   ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,9     
submitt+ to ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 ,i all !  
m /rongly give te/imony to ! same tru?s 
:i* ! ,*ur* (   ,engl& /ill reta9s4 ,if 
,i give te/imony aga9/ ! ,*ur* (        
,engl&1 x is 9 ^? po9ts 9 :i*1 be+ at   
v>iance ) !   tru?1 ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& is 
itself und]m9+ ! fai? (   ,*ri/ianity4  
,x 0 = ?is reason ,i always lam5t$ !    
legaliz+ ( ! sacram5t>ian errors ( !    
,l[-,*ur* p>ty by ! ,gorham ,judgm5t2 & 
t ,i lam5t n[ ! legaliz+ ( ! h]esies ( !
 ,essays & ,reviews1 & ! spread+        
unbelief ( ,dr4 ,col5so4 ,i believe t   
any?+ :i* und]m9es ! ,*ri/ianity (      
,engl& is draw+ x fur!r & fur!r f u4 ,9 
proportion z m5 believe m ( ,*ri/ianity1
 !y are ne>] to ! p]fect tru?4 ,!       
mission ( ! ,*ur* 9 ! _w is to fill up !
 tru?4 ,our ,div9e ,"l said1 ,i am n    
come to de/roy1 b to fulfil2 & ,/4 ,paul
 did n ov]?r[ ! alt> ( ! ,unkn[n ,god1 b

 gave to x an object ( div9e wor%ip & a 
true adoration4 ,= ?is cause ,i reg>d ! 
pres5t d[nw>d c\rse ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& &
 ! ,*ri/ianity ( ,engl& ) great sorr[ & 
fe>4 ,& ,i am all ! m al>m$ because ( ^?
 :o are involv$ 9 x s _m n only refuse  
to ackn[l$ge ! fact1 b treat u :o give  
w>n+ ( ! dang] z enemies & accus]s4  ,"o
 ( my critics has imag9$1 t ,i propose  
to myself & o!rs ! alt]native (         
,ca?olicism or a!ism4 ,i h nev] attempt$
 to br+ any "o to ! p]fect tru? by      
de/roy+ or by ?reat5+ ! imp]fect fai? !y
 might /ill possess4 ,i d n believe t ! 
alt]native be=e u is ,ca?olicism or     
a!ism4 ,!re are lights ( ! natural ord]1
 div9e witnesses ( himself inscrib$ by !
 ,creator on 8 works1 *>act]s engrav5 ^u
 ! consci5ce1 & te/imonies ( mank9d 9   
all ! ages ( ! _w1 :i* prove ! exi/5ce &
 p]fections ( ,god1 ! moral nature &    
responsibility ( man ant]ior to         
,ca?olicism1 & indep5d5tly ( revelation4
 ,if a man1 ?r\gh any intellectual or   
moral ab]ration1 %\ld reject            

,*ri/ianity1 t is ,ca?olicism1 ! belief 
( ,god & ( 8 p]fections /&s immutably ^u
 ! f\ndations ( nature4 ,ca?olicism1 or 
deism1 is inde$ ! only ultimately       
logical & consi/5t alt]native1 ?\gh1    
happily1 few m5 9 reject+ ,ca?olicism   
are logically consi/5t en\gh to reject  
,*ri/ianity4 ,a!ism is an ab]ration :i* 
implies n only an intellectual bl9dness1
 b a moral ins5sibility4 ,! !ism #bih ( 
! _w has its f\ndation on ! face ( !    
natural _w1 & on ! intellect & ! he>t ( 
! human race4 ,! old paganism & mod]n   
pan!ism are rev]5t1 filial1 & elevat+   
comp>$ ) ! a!ism ( ,comte & ( our mod]n 
secul>i/s4 ,x w\ld be bo? intellectually
 & morally impossible to propose to any 
"o ! alt]native ( ,ca?olicism or a!ism4 
,n only !n d ,i lam5t to see any tru? 9 
! ,*ur* ( ,engl& give way be=e unbelief1
 b ,i %\ld reg>d ) sorr[ & impati5ce any
 attempt to promote ! belief ( ! :ole   
revelation ( ,*ri/ianity by a mode (    
logic :i* und]m9es ev5 ! tru?s ( !      
natural ord]4 ,! ,holy ,see has         

au?oritatively decl>$ t ! exi/5ce ( ,god
 may be prov$ by reason & ! light (     
nature1  ,footnote #fd & ,alex&] ,,viii4
 decl>$ t m5 :o d n "k ( ! exi/5ce (    
,god are )\t excuse4 ,footnote #fe      
,a!ism is n ! condition ( man )\t       
revelation4 ,z ,viva truly says 9 8     
comm5t on ?is decl>ation1 a!i/s are     
anomalies & exceptions 9 ! intellectual 
tradition ( mank9d4    ,footnote #fd3   
,ratioc9atio ,dei exi/5tiam1 animae     
spiritualitatem1   hom9is lib]tatem1 cum
 c]titud9e prob>e pote/4 ,!ses a ,,ss4  
,d4 ,n4 ,pio ,,ix4 approbatae1 #aa      
,junii #ahee4 ,d5z+]'s ,en*iridion1   p4
 ,,ms4 ,ed4 #ahef4     ,footnote #fe3   
,viva1 ,propos4 damnatae1 p4 #cgb4      
,ripalda1 ,de ,ente   ,sup]naturali4    
disp4 xx41 s4 #ab1 #ei4   ,nay1 ,i w g  
fur!r4 ,i c conceive a p]son to reject  
,ca?olicism )\t logically reject+       
,*ri/ianity4 ,he w\ld inde$ reject !    
div9e c]ta9ty :i* gu>antees & proposes  
to u ! :ole revelation ( ! day (        
,p5teco/4 ,b1 z ,ca?olic !ologians tea*1

 ! infallible au?ority ( ! ,*ur* does n 
( necessity ent] into ! ess5ce ( an act 
( fai?4  ,footnote #ff ,x is1 inde$1 !  
div9e provision = ! p]fection &         
p]petuity ( ! fai?1 & 9 hac provid5tia1 
! ord9>y means :]eby m5 are illum9at$ 9 
! revelation ( ,god2 b ! kn[n &         
hi/orical evid5ce ( ,*ri/ianity is en\gh
 to conv9ce any prud5t man t ,*ri/ianity
 is a div9e revelation4 ,x is q true t  
by ?is process he _c atta9 an explicit  
fai? 9 all ! doctr9es ( revelation1 & t 
9 reject+ ,ca?olicism he r$uces himself 
to human & hi/orical evid5ce z ! maximum
 ( extr9sic c]ta9ty = 8 religion1 & t   
?is almo/ inevitably resolves itself 9 !
 long run into rationalism4 ,x is an    
incl9$ plane on :i*1 if individuals may 
/&1 g5]ations _c4 ,nev]!less1 ?\gh !    
alt]native 9 ! la/ analysis (           
speculation be ,ca?olicism or deism1 !  
practical alt]native may be ,ca?olicism 
& fragm5t>y ,*ri/ianity4    ,footnote   
#ff3 ,de ,lugo1--,de ,virtute ,fidei    
,div9ae1 disp4 i41 sect4   xii4 #bej-ec4

 ,viva1 ,cursus ,!ol41 p4 iv41 disp4 i41
 quae/4 iv41   art4 iii4 ,ripalda1 ,de  
,ente ,sup]n41 disp4 xx41 seet4 xxii4   
#aag4  ,i h said ?is to %[ h[ f> ,i am f
 sympa?iz+ ) ^?1 if any !re be1 & ,i c  
truly say ,i "k none su*1 :o reg>d !    
giv+ way ( any l+]+ tru? 9 ! ,*ur* (    
,engl& "u ! action ( unbelief ) any     
feel+ b t ( sorr[4 ,! ,psalmi/ lam5t$   
ov] ! dy+ out ( tru?s4 ,dim9utae sunt   
v]itates a filiis hom9um1 & ,i believe t
 e "o :o loves ,god1 & s\ls1 & tru? mu/ 
lam5t :5 a s+le tru?1 speculative or    
moral1 ev5 ( ! natural ord]1 is obscur$2
 mu* m :5 any reveal$ tru? ( ! eld] or (
 ! ,*ri/ian revelation is reject$ or ev5
 d\bt$4 ,all[ me also to answ]1 n only =
 myself1 :i* is ( no great mom5t1 b = an
 em95t p]sonage to :om y h ref]r$ 9 y\r 
pamphlet4 ,i c say1 ) a p]sonal & p]fect
 k1 t no o!r feel+ has ev] aris5 9 ,8   
,em95ce's m9d1 9 contemplat+ ! tr\bles (
 ! ,anglican ,*ur*1 ?an a s9c]e desire t
 ,god may use ^! ?+s to op5 ! eyes ( m5 
to see ! unt5abl5ess ( _! positions2    

c\pl$ ) a v s9c]e sorr[ at ! havoc :i* !
 advance ( unbelief is mak+ among !     
tru?s :i* yet l+] 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&4   
#c4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 b reason t ,i #bii    
%\ld rejoice :5 :atsoev] rema9s 9 x (   
imp]fect tru? is unfold$ into a m p]fect
 fai?3 & t !re=e ,i desire to see n only
 ! conv]sion ( ,engl&1 b ! conv]sion ( e
 s\l to :om ! m p]fect tru? c be made   
kn[n4 ,y w\ld n respect me if ,i did n4 
,y\r own zeal = tru? & = s\ls "h speaks 
9 my behalf4 ,!re are two k9ds (        
proselytism4 ,!re are ! ,jews :om our   
,"l condemn$4 ,!re are also ! ,apo/les  
:om he s5t into all ! _w4 ,if by        
proselytiz+ be meant ! employ+ (        
unlawful & unwor?y means1 motives1 or   
influ5ces to *ange a p]son's religion1  
,i %\ld consid] ! man :o us$ su* means  
to commit lese-maje/e aga9/ tru?1 &     
aga9/ our ,"l :o is ! tru?4 ,b if by    
proselytiz+ be meant ! us+ all ! means (
 conviction & p]suasion :i* our div9e   
,ma/] has committ$ to u to br+ any s\l  
:o w li/5 to u into ! only fai? & fold1 

!n ( ?is ,i plead guilty ) all my he>t4 
,i d he>tily desire to see ! ,*ur* (    
,engl& dissolve & pass away1 z ! gl[ (  
l+]+ emb]s 9 ! rise & /eady light ( a   
reviv+ flame4 ,if ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& 7 to 
p]i% to-morr[ "u ! action ( a high] & m 
p]fect tru?1 !re w\ld be no void left 9 
,engl&4 ,all ! tru?s hi!rto taught 9    
fragm5ts & piecemeal w\ld be /ill m     
vividly & firmly impress$ ^u ! m9ds ( ! 
,engli% p4 ,all ( ,*ri/ianity :i*       
survives 9 ,anglicanism w\ld be p]fect$ 
by ! re/oration ( ! tru?s :i* h be5 lo/1
 & ! :ole w\ld be fix$ & p]petuat$ by ! 
evid5ce ( div9e c]ta9ty & ! voice ( a   
div9e ,tea*]4 ,no ,ca?olic desires to   
see ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& swept away by an   
infidel revolution1 su* z t ( #aghi 9   
,france4 ,b e ,ca?olic mu/ wi% to see x 
give way ye> by ye>1 & day by day1 "u ! 
intellectual & spiritual action ( !     
,ca?olic ,*ur*3 & mu/ wat* )            
satisfaction e *ange1 social &          
political1 :i* weak5s its hold on !     
c\ntry1 & w\ld fai?fully use all 8 p[] &

 influ5ce = its complete removal z      
spe$ily z possible4  #d4 ,b la/ly1 ,i am
 afraid we h rea*$ a po9t ( div]g5ce4   
,hi!rto ,i hope we may h be5 able to    
agree toge!r2 b n[ ,i fe> e /ep (       
advance w c>ry u m wide ( ea* o!r4 ,i am
 unable to consid] ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& to  
be 9 ,god's h&s ! great bulw>k aga9/    
infidelity 9 ?is l&4 ,& my reasons are  
^!3  #a47 ,fir/1 ,i mu/ reg>d !         
,anglican ,re=mation1 & !re=e !         
,anglican ,*ur*1 z ! true & orig9al     
s\rce ( ! pres5t spiritual an>*y (      
,engl&4 ,?ree c5turies ago ! ,engli% p 7
 9 fai? unius labii3 !y 7 9 p]fect      
unity4 ,n[ !y are divid$ & subdivid$ by 
a numb]less multiplication ( errors4    
,:at has g5]at$ !m8 ,f :at s\rce d !y   
desc5d8 ,is x n self-evid5t t !         
,re=mation is responsible = ! production
 ( e sect & e error :i* has sprung up 9 
,engl& 9 ^! ?ree hundr$ ye>s1 & ( all   
:i* cov] ! face ( ! l& at ?is day8 ,x is
 usual to he> ,anglicans lam5t !        
multiplication ( religi\s error4 ,b :at 

is ! productive cause ( all8 ,is x n    
,anglicanism itself :i*1 by appeal+ f ! 
voice ( ! ,*ur* ?r\gh\t ! _w1 has set ! 
example to its own p ( appeal+ f ! voice
 ( a local & prov9cial au?ority8  ,i am 
afraid1 !n1 t ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&1 s f> f1 
a b>ri] aga9/ infidelity1 mu/ be        
recogniz$ z ! "m ( all ! intellectual & 
spiritual ab]rations :i* n[ cov] ! face 
( ,engl&4  #b47 ,x is true1 inde$1 t !  
,*ur* ( ,engl& reta9s _m tru?s 9 x4 ,b x
 has 9 two ways weak5$ ! evid5ce ( ^! v 
tru?s :i* x reta9s4 ,x has deta*$ !m f  
#cjj o!r tru?s :i* by contact gave      
solidity to all by r5d]+ !m coh]5t &    
intelligible4 ,x has deta*$ !m f ! div9e
 voice ( ! ,*ur*1 :i* gu>antees to u !  
tru? incorruptible & *angeless4 ,!      
,anglican ,re=mation de/roy$ ! pr9ciple 
( cohesion1 by :i* all tru?s are b\nd   
toge!r into "o4 ,! :ole idea ( !ology1 z
 ! sci5ce ( ,god & ( 8 revelation1 has  
be5 brok5 up4 ,?irty-n9e ,articles1     
het]og5e\s1 disjo9t$1 & mix$ ) error1 is
 all t rema9s in/ead ( ! unity & h>mony 

( ,ca?olic tru?4 ,surely ?is has be5    
among ! mo/ prolific causes ( error1    
d\bt1 & unbelief4 ,s f> f ! bulw>k aga9/
 x1 ,anglicanism appe>s to me to be !   
cause & spr+ ( its exi/5ce4 ,z ,i h     
already said1 ! ,re=mation plac$ !      
,engli% p ^u an incl9$ plane1 & !y h    
/eadily obey$ ! law ( _! position1 by   
desc5d+ gradually f age to age1         
sometimes ) a m rapid1 sometimes ) a    
sl[] motion1 b always t5d+ d[nw>d4      
,surely x w\ld be unreasonable to say ( 
a body always desc5d+1 t x is ! great   
b>ri] aga9/ rea*+ ! bottom4  ,i d n1    
inde$1 =get t ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& has      
produc$ writ]s :o h v9dicat$ _m ,*ri/ian
 tru?s4 ,i am n unm9dful ( ! s]vice     
r5d]$ by ,anglican writ]s to ,*ri/ianity
 9 g5]al1 nor1 9 p>ticul>1 ( ! works (  
,bull & ,wat]l& 9 behalf ( ! ,holy      
,tr9ity2 ( ,hammond & ,pe>son 9 behalf (
 ,episcopacy2 ( ,butl] & ,w>burton 9    
behalf ( ,revelation1 & ! l4 ,b :5ce    
came ! errors & unbeliefs aga9/ :i* !y  
wrote8 ,7 !y n g5]at$ by ! ,re=mation   

abroad & 9 ,engl&8 ,?is is l ! spe> :i* 
heal$ ! w\nds x _h made4 ,b x is n !    
div9e (fice ( ! ,*ur* to make w\nds 9 ! 
fai? t x may use its skill 9 heal+4 ,!y 
7 quell+ ! mut9y :i* ,prote/antism _h   
rais$1 & arre/+ ! progress ( !          
,re=mation :i*1 l ,saturn1 dev\rs its   
own *ildr54  ,moreov]1 to be j ,i mu/   
say t if ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& be a b>ri]    
aga9/ infidelity1 ! ,diss5t]s mu/ also  
be admitt$ to a %>e 9 ?is (fice &       
comm5dation4 ,& 9 tru? ,i d n "k among !
 ,diss5t]s any works l ! ,essays &      
,reviews1 or any ,biblical criticism l t
 ( ,dr4 ,col5so4 ,!y may n be v dogmatic
 9 _! tea*+1 b !y be> _! witness =      
,*ri/ianity z a div9e revelation1 = !   
,scriptures z an inspir$ book1 &1 ,i mu/
 add fur!r1 = ! p]sonal ,*ri/ianity (   
conv]sion & rep5tance1 ) an explicitness
 & consi/5cy :i* is n less effectual    
aga9/ infidelity ?an ! te/imony ( !     
,*ur* ( ,engl&4 ,i d n ?9k ! ,wesleyan  
,conf]5ce or ! au?orities ( ! ?ree      
d5om9ations w\ld accept readily ?is     

assum$ sup]iority ( ! ,anglican ,*ur* z 
a witness aga9/ unbelief4 ,!y w\ld n    
unju/ly po9t to ! doctr9al confusions ( 
! ,*ur* ( ,engl& z causes ( scepticism1 
f :i* !y are comp>atively free4 ,& ,i am
 b\nd to say t ,i ?9k !y w\ld h an      
advantage4 ,i well rememb] t :ile ,i 0 9
 ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& ,i us$ to reg>d       
,diss5t]s f x ) a c]ta91 ,i w n say     
av]sion1 b di/ance & recoil4 ,i nev]    
rememb] to h borne animosity aga9/ !m1  
or to h attack$ or pursu$ !m )          
unk9dness4 ,i always believ$ _m ( !m to 
be v e>ne/ & devot$ m54 ,i did n l _!   
!ology1 & ,i believ$ !m to be 9         
disob$i5ce to ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&2 b ,i    
respect$ !m1 & liv$ at peace ) !m4      
,inde$1 ,i may say t "s ( ! be/ p ,i h  
ev] kn[n out ( ! ,*ur* 7 ,diss5t]s or   
*ildr5 ( ,diss5t]s4 ,nev]!less1 ,i _h a 
dislike ( _! sy/em1 & ( _! meet+-h\ses4 
,!y seem$ to me to be rivals ( ! ,*ur* (
 ,engl&1 & my loyalty to x made me look 
some:at impati5tly ^u !m4 ,b ,i rememb]1
 f #cja ! h\r ,i submitt$ to ! ,ca?olic 

,*ur*1 all ?is und]w5t a s5sible *ange4 
,i saw t ! :ole revelation 0 p]petuat$ 9
 ! ,*ur* alone1 & t all =ms (           
,*ri/ianity ly+ r\nd ab\t x 7 b fragm5ts
 m or less mutilat$4 ,b ) ?is a s5sible 
increase ( k9dly feel+ grew ^u me4 ,!   
,*ur* ( ,engl& & ! diss5t+ communions   
all alike appe>$ to me to be ^u ! same  
level4 ,i rejoic$ 9 all ! tru? t rema9s 
9 !m1 9 all ! good ,i c\ld see or hope 9
 !m1 & all ! work+s ( ! ,holy ,_s 9 !m4 
,i _h no temptation to animosity t[>d   
!m2 = nei!r !y nor ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& c\ld
 be rivals ( ! imp]i%able & immutable   
,*ur* ( ,god4 ,! only s5se1 !n1 9 :i* ,i
 c\ld reg>d ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& z a b>ri]  
aga9/ infidelity1 ,i mu/ ext5d also to !
 diss5t+ bodies2 & ,i _c put ?is high1 =
 reasons ,i w give4  #c47 ,if ! ,*ur* ( 
,engl& be a b>ri] to infidelity by !    
tru?s :i* yet rema9 9 x1 ,i mu/ submit t
 x is a s\rce ( unbelief by all ! d5ials
 ( o!r tru?s :i* x has reject$4 ,if x   
su/a9s a belief 9 two sacram5ts1 x      
=mally propagates unbelief 9 five2 if x 

recognizes an undef9$ pres5ce ( ,*ri/ 9 
! sacram5t1 x =mally imposes on its p a 
disbelief 9 transub/antiation & !       
sacrifice ( ! alt>2 if x tea*es t !re is
 a *ur* ^u e>?1 x =mally d5ies its      
indissoluble unity1 its visible head1 & 
its p]petual div9e voice4  ,x is n easy 
to see h[ a sy/em c be a b>ri] aga9/    
unbelief :5 by its ,?irty-n9e ,articles 
x rejects1 & b9ds its tea*]s to         
propagate ! rejection1 ( s _m reveal$   
tru?s4  #d47 ,b ?is is n all4 ,x is n   
only by ! rejection ( p>ticul> doctr9es 
t ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& propagates unbelief4 
,x does s by pr9ciple1 & 9 ! ess5ce (   
its :ole sy/em4 ,:at is ! ultimate      
gu>antee ( ! div9e revelation b ! div9e 
au?ority ( ! ,*ur*8 ,d5y ?is1 & we      
desc5d at once to human tea*]s4 ,b x is 
?is t ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& =mally &         
expressly d5ies4 ,! p]petual &          
ev]-pres5t assi/ance ( ! ,holy ,_s1     
:]eby ! ,*ur* 9 e age is n only pres]v$ 
f error1 b enabl$ at all times to decl>e
 ! tru?1 t is ! infallibility ( ! liv+  

,*ur* at ?is h\r--?is x is t ! ,anglican
 ,*ur* 9 t]ms d5ies4 ,b ?is is ! =mal   
antagoni/ ( infidelity1 because x is !  
evid5ce on :i* ,god wills t we %\ld     
believe t :i* 8 v]acity reveals4 ,d n be
 displeas$ ) me4 ,x appe>s to me t !    
,anglican sy/em1 by ?is "o fact alone1  
p]petually undoes :at x /rives to d 9   
behalf ( p>ticul> doctr9es4 ,:at are !y1
 "o by "o1 :5 ! div9e c]ta9ty ( all is  
de/roy$8 ,n[1 = ?ree hundr$ ye>s !      
,anglican cl]gy h be5 tra9$1 orda9$1 &  
b\nd by subscriptions to d5y n only _m  
,*ri/ian tru?s1 b ! div9e au?ority ( !  
,greek text1 ! liv+ ,*ur* ( e age4 ,!   
b>ri] aga9/ infidelity is ! div9e voice 
:i* g5]ates fai?4 ,b ?is ! ,anglican    
cl]gy are b\nd to d5y4 ,& ?is d5ial op5s
 a flood-gate 9 ! bulw>k1 ?r\gh :i* !   
:ole /ream ( unbelief at once f9ds way4 
,sev5te5 or eighte5 ?\s& m51 educat$ )  
all ! advantages ( ! ,engli% s*ools &   
univ]sities1 end[$ ) l>ge corporate     
rev5ues1 & di/ribut$ all ov] ,engl&1    
ma9ta9 a p]petual prote/1 n only aga9/ !

 ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 b aga9/ ! belief t !re 
is any div9e voice immutably &          
infallibly guid+ ! ,*ur* at ?is h\r 9   
its decl>ation ( ! ,*ri/ian revelation  
to mank9d4 ,h[ c ?is be reg>d$ z ! great
 bulw>k 9 ,god's h& aga9/ infidelity8   
,x seems to me t ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&1 s f> 
f be+ a bulw>k aga9/ ! flood1 has float$
 be=e x4 ,e age has exhibit$ an advance 
to a m indef9ite & het]og5e\s /ate (    
religi\s op9ion )9 its #cjb pale4 ,i w n
 g aga9 ov] gr\nd ,i h already trav]s$4 
,ev5 9 our memory ! onw>d progress ( !  
,*ur* ( ,engl& is manife/4 ,t ,i may n  
seem to draw an unfavorable picture f my
 own view1 ,i w quote a v unsuspect$    
witness4 ,dr4 ,irons1 9 a rec5t         
pamphlet1 says3 ,! religion ( ! ,*ur*   
has sunk f> deep] into consci5ce n[ ?an 
! surviv+ m5 ( #ahcc-ahdc are aw>e (4 ,&
 all t ,*ur*m5 want ( _! sep>at$ bre?r5 
is t !y accept no?+1 & pr(ess no?+1 &   
submit to no?+ :i* has 'no root' 9 _!   
consci5ce4 ,footnote #fg ,if ?is means  
any?+1 x means t objective tru? has giv5

 place to subjective s9c]ity z !        
,anglican rule ( fai?4 ,y w "k bett] ?an
 ,i :e!r ?is be ! /ate ( m5's m9ds among
 y4 ,to me x is z /range z x is         
incoh]5t1 & a sign h[ f> m5 h drift$4   
,?is c]ta9ly 0 n ! fai? or religion t we
 held toge!r 9 ! ye>s :5 ,i _h !        
happ9ess ( be+ unit$ 9 fri5d%ip ) y4    
,latitud9>ian s9c]ity 0 n our basis1 &  
if ! m5 ( #ahcc & #ahdc h arriv$ at ?is1
 x is v unlike ! def9ite1 e>ne/1        
consi/5t belief :i* animat$ u at t "t4  
,y say 9 y\r note 7page #ba7 k9dly1 b a 
little upbraid+ly1 t my comm5t on y\r   
lett] to ! ,record 0 n l me 9 ^? days3  
=asmu* z ,i us$ !n to jo9 ) ^? ) :om ev5
 !n y c\ld n4 ,x 0 ?is t made me note   
y\r do+ s n[4 ,x 0 ?is :i* seem$ to me  
to be a drift+ backw>d f old moor+s4 ,= 
myself1 x is true1 inde$1 t ,i h mov$   
likewise4 ,i h be5 c>ri$ onw>d to :at y 
!n 71 & beyond x4 ,:at ,i might h done  
!n1 ,i c\ld n d n[4 ,:at y d n[ seems to
 me :at y w\ld n h done !n4 ,i did n    
note ?is unk9dly1 b ) regret1 because1 z

 ,i rejoice 9 e tru?1 & 9 e true        
pr9ciple reta9$ 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&1 x   
w\ld h giv5 me great joy to see y       
ma9ta9+ ) all firmness1 n only all !    
p>ticul> tru?s y held1 b also !         
impossibility ( unit+ ) ^? :o d5y bo? ^?
 tru?s & ! pr9ciples on :i* y h re/$    
?r\gh y\r labori\s life ( ! la/ ?irty   
ye>s4    ,footnote #fg3 ,apologia pro   
vita ,ecclesias ,anglicanae1 p4 #bb4  ,&
 n[ ,i w add only a few m words ( a     
p]sonal sort1 & !n make an end4 ,x 0 n  
my fate 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& to be reg>d$ 
z a cont5ti\s or controv]sial _s1 nor z 
a man ( extreme op9ions1 or ( a bitt]   
temp]4 ,i rememb] inde$ t ,i 0 reg>d$1 &
 ev5 c5sur$1 z sl[ to advance1 some:at  
tame1 cauti\s to excess1 morbidly       
mod]ate1 z "s "o said4 ,i rememb] t !   
,ca?olics ,greek text us$ to hold me    
some:at *eap1 & to ?9k me beh9dh&1      
unca?olic1 ov]-,engli%1 & ! l4 ,b n[1 is
 !re any?+ 9 ! extreme opposite ( all   
?is :i* ,i am n8 ,ultramontane1 viol5t1 
unreason+1 bitt]1 rejoic+ 9 ! mis]ies ( 

my neighbors1 de/ructive1 a v ,apollyon1
 & ! l4 ,"s :o s describe me n[ are !   
same :o 7 wont !n to describe me z !    
rev]se ( all ?is4 ,!y are yet ca?oliciz+
 ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&1 )\t d\bt m ca?olic   
/ill ?an ,i am4 ,well1 :at %all ,i say8 
,if ,i %\ld say t ,i am n consci\s ( ^! 
*anges1 y w\ld only ?9k me self-deceiv$4
 ,i w !re=e only tell y :]e ,i believe  
,i am un*ang$1 & !n :]e ,i am consci\s (
 a *ange1 :i*1 p]haps1 w acc\nt = all y 
h to say ( me4  ,i am unconsci\s1 !n1 ( 
any *ange 9 my love to ,engl& 9 all t   
relates to ! natural ord]4 ,i am no     
politician1 & ,i d n set up = a patriot2
 b ,i believe1 z ,/4 ,?omas tea*es1 t   
love ( c\ntry is a "p ( *>ity1 &        
assur$ly ,i h ev] lov$ ,engl& ) a v     
filial love4 ,my love = ,engl& #cjc     
beg9s ) ! ,engl& ( ,/4 ,b$e4 ,saxon     
,engl&1 ) all its tumults1 seems to me  
sa9tly & beautiful4 ,norman ,engl& ,i h 
always lov$ less1 because1 ?\gh m       
maje/ic1 x became cont9ually less       
,ca?olic1 until ! evil _s ( ! _w broke  

(f ! light yoke ( fai? at ! s-call$     
,re=mation4 ,/ill1 ,i lov$ ! ,*ri/ian   
,engl& :i* surviv$1 & all ! l+]+ outl9es
 ( dioceses & p>i%es1 ca!drals & *ur*es1
 ) ! names ( sa9ts ^u !m4 ,x is ?is     
vision ( ! pa/ :i* /ill hov]s ov] ,engl&
 & makes1 x beautiful1 & full ( memories
 ( ! k+dom ( ,god4 ,nay1 ,i lov$ ! p>i% 
*ur* ( my *ildhood1 & ! college *apel ( 
my y\?1 & ! little *ur* "u a gre5       
hillside1 :]e ! morn+ & ev5+ pray]s1 & !
 music ( ! ,engli% ,bible1 = sev5te5    
ye>s1 became a "p ( my s\l4 ,no?+ is m  
beautiful 9 ! natural ord]1 & if !re 7  
no et]nal _w ,i c\ld h made x my home4  
,b ^! ?+s are n ,engl&1 !y are only its 
features1 & ,i may say t my love 0 & is 
to ! ,engl& :i* lives & brea!s ab\t me1 
to my c\ntrym5 :e!r 9 or out ( ! ,*ur* (
 ,engl&4 ,) all our faults z a race1 ,i 
recognize 9 !m noble ,*ri/ian virtues1  
exalt$ *>act]s1 beautiful examples (    
dome/ic life1 & ( e p]sonal excell5ce   
:i* c be f\nd1 :]e ! fulness ( grace &  
tru? is n1 & mu*1 too1 :i* puts to %ame 

^? :o are :]e ! fulness ( grace & tru?  
ab\nds4 ,s long z ,i believ$ ! ,*ur* (  
,engl& to be a "p ( ! ,*ur* ( ,god ,i   
lov$ x1 h[ well y "k1 & honor$ x ) a    
filial rev]5ce1 & labor$ to s]ve x1 )   
:at fidelity ,i c affirm1 ) :at1 or if )
 any utility1 x is n = me to say4 ,& ,i 
love /ill ^? :o are 9 x1 & ,i w\ld r    
suff] any?+ ?an wrong !m 9 ^w or de$1 or
 pa9 !m )\t a cause4 ,to all ?is ,i mu/ 
add1 la/ly1 & 9 a way above all1 ! love 
,i be> to _m p]sonal fri5ds1 s de> to   
me1 ^: lett]s ,i kept by me till two    
ye>s ago1 ?\gh m ?an fifty ( !m are gone
 into ! _w unse51 all ^! ?+s are sweet  
to me /ill beyond all words t ,i c f9d  
to express x4  ,y w ask me !n1 p]haps1  
:y ,i h nev] manife/$ ?is be=e8 ,x is   
because :5 ,i left y1 9 ! full1 calm1   
delib]ate1 & und\bt+ belief t ! light ( 
! only tru? l$ me f a fragm5t>y         
,*ri/ianity into ! p]fect revelation ( !
 day ( ,p5teco/1 ,i believ$ x to be my  
duty to walk alone 9 ! pa? 9 :i* x l$   
me1 leav+ y all unmole/$ by any advance 

on my "p4 ,if any old fri5d has ev]     
writt5 to me1 or signifi$ to me 8 wi% to
 r5ew our fri5d%ip1 ,i believe he w be> 
witness to ! happ9ess ) :i* ,i h accept$
 ! k9dness (f]$ to me4 ,b ,i felt t x 0 
my act :i* _h *ang$ our relations1 & t  
,i _h no w>rant to assume t a fri5d%ip1 
f\nd$ ^u agreem5t 9 our old convictions1
 w\ld be cont9u$ :5 t f\ndation _h be5  
de/roy$ by myself1 or re/or$ ^u a       
f\ndation altoge!r new4 ,& ,i felt1 too1
 a jeal\sy = tru?4 ,x 0 no human pride  
:i* made me feel t ,i ought n to expose 
! ,ca?olic ,*ur* to be reject$ 9 my     
p]son4 ,!re=e ,i held on my own c\rse1  
seek+ no "o1 b welcom+ e old fri5d--& !y
 h be5 _m--:o came to me4 ,?is has caus$
 a susp5sion ( ne>ly f\rte5 ye>s 9 :i*  
,i h nev] s mu* z met or ex*ang$ a l9e )
 _m :o till !n 7 among my ne>e/ fri5ds4 
,?is1 too1 has giv5 room = _m           
misappreh5sions4 ,x w\ld h>dly surprise 
me if ,i he>d t my old fri5ds believ$ me
 to h become a cannibal4  ,b p]haps y w 
say1 ,?is does n acc\nt = y\r h>d words 

aga9/ u & ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&4 ,:5 ,i read 
y\r late pamphlet ,i said to myself1 ,h 
,i ev] writt5 su* h>d words z ^!8 ,i w n
 quote !m1 b truly ,i d n ?9k #cjd t1 9 
any?+ ,i h ev] writt51 ,i h h&l$ at lea/
 any p]son z y1 my de> fri5d1 9 y\r     
zeal1 :i* ,i respect & honor1 h treat$  
c]ta9 v exalt$ p]sonages :o are oppos$  
to y4 ,b let ?is pass4 ,x w\ld n excuse 
me ev5 if ,i 7 to f9d y 9 ! same        
condemnation4  ,"o ( my anonym\s c5sors 
writes t z 9 times pa/ ,i _h writt5     
viol5tly aga9/ ! ,*ur* ( ,rome1 s n[ ,i 
mu/ d ! same aga9/ ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&4 ,n[
 ,i wi% he w\ld f9d1 9 ! books ,i       
publi%$ :5 out ( ! ,*ur*1 ! h>d say+s he
 speaks (4 ,x has be5 my happ9ess to "k 
t su* d n exi/4 ,i feel sure t my accus]
 _h no?+ be=e 8 m9d :5 he risk$ ?is     
controv]sial trick4 ,i argu$1 inde$1    
aga9/ ! ,ca?olic & ,roman ,*ur*1 b ,i d 
n "k ( any rail+ accusations4 ,h[ ,i 0  
pres]v$ f x ,i _c tell1 except by ! same
 div9e goodness :i* aft]w>d l$ me into !
 p]fect light ( fai?4  ,b ,i h writt51  

"s say1 h>d ?+s ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&4 ,are
 !y h>d tru?s or h>d epi!ts8 ,if !y are 
h>d epi!ts1 %[ !m to me1 & ,i w erase !m
 ) a prompt & public expression (       
regret2 b if !y be h>d facts1 ,i _c     
*ange !m4 ,x is true1 inde$1 t ,i h = ! 
la/ f\rte5 ye>s incessantly & un*ang+ly1
 by ^w & by writ+1 borne my witness to !
 tru?s by :i* ,god has deliv]$ me f !   
bondage ( a human au?ority 9 matt]s (   
fai?4 ,i h borne my witness to ! pres5ce
 & voice ( a div9e1 & !re=e infallible1 
tea*]1 guid+ ! ,*ur* ) 8 p]petual       
assi/ance1 & speak+ ?r\gh x z 8 organ4  
,i h also borne witness t ! ,*ur* ?r\gh 
:i* he tea*es is t :i* ,/4 ,augu/9e     
describes by ! two incommunicable       
notes--t x is spread ?r\gh\t ! ^w &     
unit$ to ! ,*air ( ,pet]4 ,footnote #fh 
,i "k t ! coroll>ies ( ^! tru?s are     
sev]e1 p]emptory1 & inevitable4 ,if !   
,ca?olic fai? be ! p]fect revelation (  
,*ri/ianity1 ! ,anglican ,re=mation is a
 cl\d ( h]esies2 if ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* be 
! organ ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 ! ,anglican    

,*ur* is n only no "p ( ! ,*ur*1 b no   
*ur* ( div9e f\ndation4 ,x is a human   
in/itution1 su/a9$ z x 0 f\nd$ by a     
human au?ority1 )\t prie/hood1 )\t      
sacram5ts1 )\t absolution1 )\t ! real   
pres5ce ( ,jesus ^u its alt>s4 ,i "k ^! 
tru?s are h>d4 ,x seems he>tless1 cruel1
 unfilial1 unbro!rly1 ungrateful s to   
speak ( all ! beautiful fragm5ts (      
,*ri/ianity :i* m>k ! face ( ,engl&1 f  
its ?\s& t[ns to its gre5 villages1 s   
de> ev5 to u :o believe x to be bo? 9   
h]esy & 9 s*ism4 ,y mu/ feel x s4 ,y mu/
 turn f me & turn aga9/ me = say+ x2 b  
if ,i believe x1 mu/ ,i n say x8 ,& if  
,i say x1 c ,i f9d words m weigh$1      
measur$1 & delib]ate ?an ^? ,i h us$8   
,if y c1 %[ !m to me1 & s t !y are      
adequate1 ,i w use !m always h]eaft]4   
,god kn[s ,i h nev] writt5 a syllable ) 
! int5t to leave a w\nd4 ,i h eras$1 ,i 
h refra9$ f writ+ & speak+1 _m1 le/ ,i  
%\ld give m pa9 ?an duty comm&$ me to   
give4 ,i _c hope t y w all[ ( all ,i    
say4 ,b x is ! tru?4 ,i h refra9$ f x1 n

 only because x is a duty1 b because ,i 
wi% to dis>m ^? :o div]t m5 f ! real    
po9t at issue by accusations ( bitt]ness
 & ! l4 ,x has be5 my lot1 m ?an ( mo/1 
to be 9 ^! late ye>s on ! fronti] :i*   
divides u4 ,&--:y ,i "k n--p h come to  
me ) _! anxieties & _! d\bts4 ,:at w\ld 
y h done 9 my place8 ,t :i* y h done 9  
y\r own2 :i*1 mutato nom9e1 has be5 my  
duty & my burd54    ,footnote #fh3 ,s4  
,aug4 ,op41 tom1 ii41 pp4 #aai1 #abj2   
torn1 x41  p4 #ic  ,& n[ ,i h done4 ,i h
 a hope t ! day is com+ :5 all #cje 9   
,engl& :o believe 9 ! sup]natural ord]1 
9 ! revelation ( ,*ri/ianity1 9 !       
inspiration ( ,holy ,scripture1 9 !     
div9e c]ta9ty ( dogmatic tradition1 9 ! 
div9e obligation ( hold+ no communion ) 
h]esy & ) s*ism1 w be driv5 9 ^u ! l9es 
( ! only /ronghold :i* ,god has         
con/itut$ z ! pill> & gr\nd ( ! tru?4   
,?is may n be1 p]haps1 z yet2 b already 
x is "t = ^? :o love ! fai? (           
,*ri/ianity1 & look ) sorr[ & fe> on !  
havoc :i* is lay+ x wa/e among u1 to    

draw toge!r 9 mutual k9dness & mutual   
equity ( judgm5t4 ,t ,i h s ev] treat$ y
 ,i c truly say2 t ,i may claim x at y\r
 h&s ,i am calmly consci\s2 b :e!r y &  
o!rs accord x to me or n1 ,i mu/ leave x
 to ! ,dispos] ( he>ts alone to det]m9e4
 ,?\gh we are p>t$ n[1 x may n be = ev]2
 & morn+ by morn+1 9 ! holy ,sacrifice1 
,i pray t ! same light ( fai? :i* s     
pr(usely fell ^u myself1 not)/&+ all ,i 
am1 may 9 l mann] abundantly desc5d ^u y
 :o are 9 all ?+s s f> above me1 save   
only 9 t "o gift :i* is n m9e1 b 8 alone
 :o is ! ,sov]eign ,giv] ( all grace4   
,believe me1 my de> fri5d1   ,always    
affectionately y\rs1   ,,h5ry ,,edw>d   
,,mann+4    ,,/4 ,,m>y',s1 ,,bayswat]1  
,sept4 #bg1 #ahfd4  ,p4,s4--,my att5tion
 has j be5 call$ to ! conclud+ pages ( !
 la/ numb] ( ! ,qu>t]ly ,review1 9 :i*  
,i am aga9 describ$ by a writ] :o       
evid5tly has abilities to "k bett]1 to  
be 9 ec/asies4 ,! writ] repres5ts1 z !  
sum or *ief argum5t ( my ,second ,lett] 
to an ,anglican ,fri5d1 ! pass+ ref]5ce 

,i !re made to ! ,"l ,*ancellor's spee*4
 ,i quot$ ?is to prove t ! late judgm5t 
is a "p ( ! law1 bo? ( ! l& & ( ! ,*ur* 
( ,engl&4 ,b ! :ole ( ! lett]1 except+  
?is s+le po9t1 is an argum5t to %[ t !  
vote ( ! ,convocation c>ries ) x no     
div9e c]ta9ty1 & resolves itself into ! 
private judgm5t ( ! majority :o pass$ x4
 ,= all ?is argum5t ! writ] has n a ^w4 
,i _c be surpris$ t he fills out 8      
p]iods ) my ec/asies1 %\ts ( joy1 wild  
paeans1 a quotation f ,%ylock1 & o!r ?+s
 less fitt+4 ,?is is n to reason1 b to  
rail4 ,is x wor?y8 ,is x love ( tru?8   
,is x good fai?8 ,is x n simply !       
fallacy ( evasion8 ,i c assure him t ?is
 k9d ( controv]sy is "w t w n /&4 ,we   
are 9 days :5 p]sonalities & flimsy     
rhetoric w n la/ long4 ,nei!r w x be> to
 be tri$ by ! fire1 nor w x satisfy1 ,i 
0 ab\t to say1 nor w x mislead1 m5 :o   
are 9 e>ne/ = tru? or = salvation4 ,i _h
 hop$ t ?is /yle ( controv]sy _h be5    
cur$ or suppress$ by a great] s9c]ity & 
reality ( religi\s ?\ght 9 ^! days (    

anxiety & unbelief4 ,!re ei!r is1 or is 
n1 a div9e ,p]son tea*+ p]petually ?r\gh
 ! ,*ur* 9 e age1 & !re=e n[ z always1  
g5]at+ fai? ) div9e c]ta9ty 9 ! m9ds (  
m54 ,?is "q mu/ be answ]$2 &1 z m5 answ]
 x1 we "k :]e to class !m1 & h[ to deal 
) !m4 ,all ! evasions & half-argum5ts ( 
su* writ]s are becom+ daily m & m       
intol]able to ^? ( ! ,engli% p--& !y are
 a multitude--:o w\ld give all t !y c\nt
 de>1 & life itself1 to "k & to die 9 ! 
full & c]ta9 light ( ! revelation ( ,god
 9 ,jesus ,*ri/4  ,h4 ,e4 ,m4  ----     
#cjf  ,translat$ f ,le ,correspondant4  
,a ,,russian ,,religi\s4  ,,by ,,pr9ce  
,,augu/9 ,,galitz94   ,on ! #f? ( ,may1 
#ahdj1 9 a little hut ^u ! slope ( t *a9
 ( m\nta9s :i* sep>ates ! nor!rn f !    
s\!rn /ates ( ! ,am]ican ,union1 di$ an 
old man :o _h sp5t 8 life 9 spread+ !   
fai? ?r\gh ^? di/ant regions4 ,a cr[d ( 
p]sons surr\nd$ 8 b$ 9 te>s2 = dur+ half
 a c5tury he _h be5 ! deposit>y ( public
 mis=tunes1 dome/ic tr\bles1 & spiritual
 di/ress4 ,?\gh kn[n by ! humble "n (   

,fa!r ,smi?1 ?is prie/ 0 n a native ( ! 
l& :i* receiv$ 8 la/ brea?3 he 0 a      
,russian by bir?1 & 8 "n 0 ,galitz94    
,on ! #a/ ( ,septemb] 9 ! same ye> eight
 wom5 l&$ at ,new ,york1 clad all 9     
black1 & we>+ no ornam5t b a cross on ! 
brea/4 ,!y came to educate new g5]ations
 9 ! ,new ,_w4 ,! elde/ ( !m 0 n1 l h]  
si/]s1 a ,fr5*woman2 ! same blood ran 9 
h] ve9s z 9 ^? ( ! mission>y j dead1 &  
h] he>t beat ) ! same love4 ,%e too 0 a 
,russian1 & h] "n 0 ,madame ,elizabe?   
,galitz94  ,born at ,/4 ,pet]sburg 9    
#agie1 ! ,pr9cess ,elizabe? 0 ! daught] 
( a woman ( :om x is praise en\gh to say
 t %e 0 ! wor?ie/ & mo/ intimate fri5d (
 ,madame ,swet*9e1 :o call$ h] h] second
 consci5ce4   ,footnote #fi ,on ! day :5
 ,elizabe? rea*$ h] fifte5? ye>1 h] "m  
confid$ to h] ! secret t %e _h become a 
,ca?olic1 & told ! reasons :i* _h induc$
 h] n1 z is /ill suppos$ 9 ,russia1 to  
ab&on ! fai? ( h] fa!rs1 b to return to 
x 9 all its integrity4 ,elizabe? ?us    
describes ! emotion :i* %e felt 9 li/5+ 

to ?is disclosure1 & ! influ5ce :i* x _h
 ^u h] own future4 ,footnote #gj        
,footnote #fi3  ,lettres de ,mme4       
,swet*9e1 ,i4 #cba4     ,footnote #gj3  
,?is extract & ! details t foll[ are    
tak5   f or confirm$ by ! ,rev4 ,a4     
,guidee's ,vie du ,p4 ,rozav5 &   !     
,rev4 ,j4 ,gag>9's notice ( ,madame     
,galitz9 9 8 ,etudes de   !ologie1 de   
philosophie et d'hi/oire1 vol4 ii4  ,!  
secret :i* my "m confid$ to me fill$ me 
) despair2 ,i bur/ into te>s1 )\t utt]+ 
a ^w4 ,= sev]al days ,i wept bitt]ly    
:5ev] ,i 0 alone1 & dur+ ! night4 ,i    
believ$ t my "m _h committ$ a great s91 
because ! gov]nm5t puni%$ s sev]ely ^?  
:o =sook ! religion ( ! c\ntry4 ,!      
reasons :i* %e gave made no impression  
on me2 ,i did n ev5 und]/& !m3 ! mom5t (
 ! fiat lux 0 n yet come4 ,f t day ,i   
felt an implacable hatr$ ( ! ,ca?olic   
religion & its m9i/]s1 especially ( !   
,jesuits1 :o1 z ,i suppos$1 _h effect$  
my "m's conv]sion4 ,"o night1 z ,i 0    
lam5t+ my isolat$ condition1 sep>at$ f  

my "m by ?is division ( s5tim5ts1 ,i 0  
/ruck by ! sudd5 ?\ght1 ',if ! ,jesuits 
h ga9$ ov] s excell5t a woman z         
mamma1--a woman s reasonable1 s         
well-in=m$1 & ( s mu* exp]i5ce1 :at w !y
 n d ) an ignorant1 unsophi/icat$ girl l
 me8 ,i mu/ protect myself aga9/ _!     
p]secutions4 ,i firmly believe t !      
,greek ,*ur* is ! true *ur*2 ,i am      
resolv$ to be fai?ful to x unto dea?4   
,to )draw myself effectually f !        
s$uctions ( ! ,jesuits1 ,i w write d[n a
 v[ t ,i w nev] *ange my religion4' ,no 
soon] said ?an #cjg done4 ,i rose at    
once1 & despite ! d>kness wrote out my  
v[ 9 due =m1 invok+ ! wra? ( ,god if ,i 
ev] broke x4 ,!n ,i w5t back to b$1     
feel+ mu* m compos$1 & believ+ t ,i _h  
ga9$ a great victory ov] ! devil4 ,alas6
 x 0 he t guid$ my p54 ,= f\r ye>s ,i   
repeat$ t v[ e day :5 ,i said my pray]s2
 ,i nev] omitt$ x4 ,i glori$ 9 my       
ob/9acy1 & took e opportunity to %[ my  
av]sion to ! ,ca?olic religion1 & above 
all to ! ,jesuits4 ,9 ?is ,i 0 enc\rag$ 

by my confessor4 ,he ask$ me "o day if  
,i _h any lean+ t[>d ,ca?olicism4  ',i1 
fa!r6 ,i dete/ ! ,ca?olic religion & !  
,jesuits6'  ',good1 good6' said he2 't  
is z x %\ld be4'  ,i let slip no        
occasion ( defam+ ^! holy m54 ,i        
delight$ 9 repeat+ all ! absurd /ories t
 ,i he>d aga9/ !m1 & believ$ !m z mu* z 
if !y 7 articles ( fai?4 ,b ab\t !      
middle ( ! f\r? ye> an excell5t ,italian
 prie/1 :o _h giv5 me lessons1 di$4 ,my 
"m sometimes reque/$ me to g to !       
,ca?olic *ur* on days ( great c]emony1 &
 ,i dur/ n refuse1 ?\gh ,i us$ to g )   
rage 9 my he>t4 ,:5 %e invit$ me1 h[ev]1
 to g ) h] to ! fun]al ( ! poor prie/1  
,i cons5t$ will+ly1 out ( gratitude1 &  
respect = ! memory ( ! deceas$4 ,z soon 
z ,i ent]$ ! *ur* a voice )9 me seem$ to
 say1 ',y hate ?is *ur*1 b y w "o day   
belong to x y\rself4' ,! words sank into
 my he>t4 ,i 0 deeply mov$1 & %$        
abundance ( te>s all ! :ile ,i rema9$ 9 
! *ur*--,i c\ld n tell :y4 ,a ?\ght all 
at once occurr$ to me3 ',y hate !       

,jesuits1' said ,i to myself2 'is n     
hatr$ a s98 ,:5 did y le>n to consid]   
?is feel+ a virtue8 ,if x is a s91 ,i   
mu/ n commit x aga93 ,i w n hate !      
,jesuits !n2 ,i w pray = !m4' ,& s1 9   
fact1 ,i did1 e day f t mom5t4 ,i       
/ruggl$ aga9/ my dislike = !m4  ,9 !    
mean:ile we w5t to pass ! summ] away f  
home4 ,9 ?is retirem5t our good ,"l     
v\*saf$ to speak to my he>t & inspire me
 ) su* a lively sorr[ = my s9s t ,i (t5 
pass$ "p ( ! night 9 weep+4 ,i wat]$ my 
c\* ) te>s1 & judg+ myself unwor?y to   
sleep on a b$1 ,i ca/ myself on ! gr\nd1
 & us$ to lie !re until fatigue oblig$  
me to return to my pill[4 ,at ! end (   
?ree mon?s we w5t back to ,/4           
,pet]sburg1 & ,i !re le>n$ t a c\s9 (   
m9e ,footnote #ga _h become a conv]t4 ,i
 0 deeply pa9$4 ,i accus$ ! ,jesuits (  
be+ ! cause ( ! /ep1 & _h h>d "w n to   
yield to my old hatr$ ( !m4 ,i avoid$   
speak+ ) my c\s9 alone1 because ,i did n
 want to receive ! confid5ce :i* ,i knew
 %e 0 anxi\s to give me4 ,b at la/1 to  

my great regret1 ,i _h to li/5 to h]4   
,:5 %e _h told me :at ,i 0 s unwill+ to 
"k1 ,i bur/ into te>s1 & repli$3        
,footnote #ga3 ,! lady "h m5tion$ 0 ! "m
 ( ,monseigneur   de ,segur4   ',if y   
believe t ! ,ca?olic religion is ! true 
"o1 y 7 "r to embrace x2 b ,i d n und]/&
 h[ y c\ld believe x4'  ',oh1' said %e1 
'if y w\ld only read some?+ t my "m     
,footnote #gb has writt5 on ! ,greek    
s*ism & ! tru? ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 y    
w\ld be p]suad$ z ,i 04'    ,footnote   
#gb3 ,! ,c\ntess ,ro/op*9e1 :om ,madame 
de ,/ael   m5tions ) s mu* praise 9 h]  
,dix annees d'exil4   ',y may s5d me    
:atev] y wi%1' ,i answ]$1 'b y may be   
c]ta9 t x w n affect me4 ,i am too      
firmly conv9c$ t tru? lives 9 ! ,greek  
,*ur*4'  ,i w5t home 9 great di/ress (  
m9d4 ,= ! fir/ "t 9 f\r ye>s ,i omitt$  
to repeat my v[ be=e go+ to b$2 x seem$ 
to me ra%4 ,i retir$1 b ,god w\ld n let 
me sleep2 he fill$ my m9d ) salut>y     
?\ghts4 ',i mu/ exam9e ?is matt]1' said 
,i1 'x is c]ta9ly wor? ! #cjh tr\ble2 x 

is some?+ ( too mu* consequ5ce to be    
deceiv$ ab\t4' ,i ?\ght ov] all t ,i    
knew ab\t ! ,ca?olic fai?1 & at t mom5t 
,god op5$ my eyes4 ,i saw z cle> z day t
 hi!rto ,i _h be5 9 ! wrong1 & ! tru? 0 
to be f\nd only 9 ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ',x 
is our pride1' ,i exclaim$1 ':i* prev5ts
 our ackn[l$g+ ! supremacy ( ! ,pope3   
to-morr[ ,i w embrace ! tru?4 ,yet h[ c 
,i8 ,& my v[8 ,ah1 b ! v[ is null2 x c  
be no ob/acle to ! fulfilm5t ( my       
resolution4 ,if ,i _h tak5 an oa? to    
commit a murd]1 ! oa? w\ld h be5 a s91 &
 to fulfil x w\ld be ano!r4 ,i w n      
commit ! second s94 ,i w n put (f be+ a 
,ca?olic beyond to-morr[4'  ,i wait$    
impati5tly = day t ,i might read my     
aunt's little treatise1--n because ,i   
ne$$ argum5ts to conv9ce me1 b ,i want$ 
to h x to say t ,i _h read some?+4 ,at  
day-break ,i wrote to my c\s9 ^! words3 
',s5d me ! manuscript1 pray = me1 &     
hope4' ,i read x quickly2 x consi/$ ( n 
m ?an ?irty pages4 ,i f\nd 9 x all t ,i 
_h said to myself dur+ ! night4 ,i      

hesitat$ no long]1 b ha/5$ to my "m1    
decl>$ myself a ,ca?olic1 & begg$ h] to 
s5d = ,fa!r ,rozav54 ,he came ! same    
morn+4 ,he 0 n a little surpris$ at !   
unexpect$ intellig5ce1 & ask$ me if ,i 0
 ready to suff] p]secution1 ev5 dea?    
itself1 if ne$ 71 = ! love ( ! religion 
:i* ,i 0 go+ to embrace4 ,my blood froze
 9 my ve9s1 b ,i answ]$3 ',i hope ev]y?+
 f ! grace ( ,god4' ,! good fa!r d\bt$  
no long] ! s9c]ity ( my conv]sion1 &    
promis$ to he> my confession ! next day 
b "o1 t is1 ! #ah? ( ,octob]4 ,x 0 dur+ 
! night ( ! #ae? & #af? ( ,octob]1      
#ahae1 t ,god spoke = me ! words fiat   
lux4    ,aft] %e _h be5 receiv$ into !  
,*ur*1 ,fa!r ,rozav5 said to h]3 ,i wi% 
to e/abli% 9 y\r he>t a great love (    
,god :i* %all manife/ itself n by f9e   
s5tim5ts b by practical results1 & %all 
lead y to fulfil ) zeal & c\rage all y\r
 duties )\t exception4 ,i want y to     
/rive ard5tly to acquire ! solid virtues
 ( humility1 love ( y\r neighbor1       
pati5ce & con=mity to ! w ( ,god4 ,i    

want to see 9 y a gr&eur1 an elevation1 
& a firmness ( s\l1 & to tea* y to seek 
& f9d y\r consolation 9 ,god4  ,!       
pr9cess became all t h] wise director   
wi%$ h] to be2 & ! con/ant practice ( ! 
fundam5tal ,*ri/ian virtues soon l$ h]  
to aim at a /ill m p]fect life4 ,ev5 h] 
"m = a long "t oppos$ h] design4 ,h]    
fri5ds ridicul$ h] = want+ to lead :at  
!y call$ a useless life4 ,s5sitive to   
?is reproa*1 s con/antly made by p :o   
!mselves d no?+ at all1 %e begg$ ! le>n$
 ,jesuit to furni% h] ) weapons to repel
 x4 ,h] reque/ call$ =? ! foll[+        
excell5t reply1 :i* may be read )       
especial pr(it j n[1 :5 s mu* is said   
ab\t ! uselessness ( nuns3  ,tell me1 my
 *ild1 h y read ! cate*ism8 ,"o ( ! fir/
 que/ions is1 ,:y has ,god creat$ u &   
plac$ u 9 ?is _w8 ,to "k him1 love him1 
& s]ve him1 & by ?is means to obta9     
ev]la/+ life4 ,x does n say1 to be      
'useful4' ,ev5 :5 a nun is ( no use to  
o!rs1 %e is useful to h]self1 & to be s 
is h] fir/ duty2 %e labors to sanctify  

h]self & to save h] s\l4 ,is n ?is !    
motive :i* l$ ,/4 ,paul1 ,/4 ,an?ony1 & 
s _m ?\s&s ( an*orets into ! des]t8 ,^! 
sa9ts 7 c]ta9ly n fools4 ,beside1 is x  
true t nuns are useless8 ,0 x n ! /ory (
 ! virtues ( ,/4 ,an?ony :i* det]m9$ !  
conv]sion ( ,/4 ,augu/9e8 & c]ta9ly ?is 
conv]sion 0 some?+ f> great] ?an all t  
,/4 ,an?ony c\ld h done by rema9+ 9 !   
_w4 ,b to say no?+ ( ! example ( !      
sa9ts1 are n nuns useful to ea* #cji    
o!r8 ,d y see no advantage 9 ! union (  
tw5ty or ?irty p]sons1 m or less1 :o    
incite ea* o!r to ! acquisition (       
virtue1 & take ea* o!r by ! h& 9 _!     
j\rney to ! same goal1 ! salvation ( _! 
s\ls8 ,& !n aga91 _m religi\s           
communities devote !mselves to !        
education ( y\?2 & surely !re are few   
occupations m useful ?an br++ up 9 ! k &
 practice ( religion "y girls :o are    
de/9$ to become mo!rs ( families1 & to  
fulfil all ! duties ( society t belong  
to _! sex4    ,a devotion ( ?is sort    
comm5d$ itself especially to our "y     

conv]t4 ,%e made *oice ( ! new ord] ( ! 
,sacr$ ,he>t1 & aft] elev5 ye>s' delay  
f9ally ent]$ x at ,metz 9 #ahbf4 ,%e    
made h] v[s 9 #ahbh at ,rome1 & rema9$  
!re until %e 0 ord]$ to ,france 9 #ahcd 
& made g5]al secret>y ( ! congregation4 
,9 #ahci %e 0 *os5 assi/ant "m1 &       
appo9t$ to visit ! h\ses ( ! ,sacr$     
,he>t 9 ,am]ica1 & to f\nd "s new ones4 
,h] correspond5ce dur+ ?is p]iod ) h] "m
 is n[ be=e me1 & w %[1 f> bett] ?an any
 words ( m9e1 n only h] piety1 b !      
s]5ity ( h] s\l & t love ( c\ntry &     
k9dr$1 :i* religion1 f> f ext+ui%+1 c   
alone purify by c>ry+ x beyond ! n>r[   
b\nd>ies ( ?is life4 ,l ^? au/]e        
,*ri/ians ^: lives ,c\nt de ,montalemb]t
 has writt51 %e kept a l>ge place 9 h]  
he>t = love & fri5d%ip1 & clung ard5tly 
to ^? natural ties :i* %e did n feel    
call$ ^u to break :5 %e gave h]self to  
,god4  ,i %all !n leave ,madame         
,elizabe? to speak 9 h] own words2 & 9 s
 do+1 x seems to me t ,i am fulfill+ !  
wi% ( ,madame ,swet*9e1 :o wrote ?us to 

,fa!r ,gag>9 7ii4 #cfj73 ,!re are _m    
details respect+ h] life :i* might be   
f\nd & au!nticat$1 & ,i am conv9c$ t _m 
int]e/+ p>ticul>s might be obta9$ f h]  
correspond5ce dur+ h] two j\rneys 9     
,am]ica4      ,,new ,,york1 ,sept4 #a1  
#ahdj4    ,,my ,,de>e/ ,,mamma1--,i     
arriv$ at ,new ,york a few h\rs ago1    
aft] a   voyage ( =ty-five days4 ,our   
voyage1 ?ank ,god1 0 a good "o1         
despite ?irty-two days ( contr>y w9ds4  
,we _h nei!r /orms nor   r\gh wea!r2 !  
trip 0 a long "o1 t is all4 ,hav+ two   
prie/s ) u1 we _h mass (t52 y may imag9e
 :at a   consolation x 0 to u4 ,i 0     
sea-sick only "o week2 aft] t1   s well 
t ,i pass$ a great "p ( my "t 9 draw+4  
,i am "h = only f\r days2 at lea/ ,i    
tru/ t ! bus9ess   :i* ,i h to transact 
) ! bi%op w n keep me long]4   ,!n ,i   
%all g ) my sev5 companions & a wor?y   
prie/ :o has   u 9 *>ge1 to ,/4 ,l\is 9 
! /ate ( ,miss\ri1 #b1jjj v]/s   f ,new 
,york4 ,!y say t we %all rea* !re 9     
twelve days2 by   ?is reckon+ we %all   

arrive at our fir/ h\se ab\t ! #bj? (   
,septemb]4 ,i believe t ,i %all die (   
joy :5 ,i get !re2 =   "h 9 ! mid/ ( !  
_w1 ?\gh surr\nd$ by excell5t   p1 :o %[
 u a ?\s& att5tions1 ,i am l a fi% out (
   wat]4 ,i w write to y z soon z ,i    
rea* ,/4 ,l\is4 ,i _c   rema9 ) our     
family ( ! ,sacr$ ,he>t !re m ?an a     
=tnight1 = ,i mu/ !n visit two o!r      
e/abli%m5ts n f>   di/ant4 ,i %all      
return to ,/4 ,l\is1 & leave !re ab\t ! 
middle ( ,novemb] = our h\se at ,/4     
,mi*ael1 ne> ,new ,orleans1   :i* is    
#a1ejj v]/s f ,/4 ,l\is4 ,aft] a few    
days' re/ ,i %all   !n g to our h\se at 
,gr& ,coteau1 also 9 ,l\isiana2 & aft]  
/ay+ !re ?ree weeks ,i %all return to   
pass ! w9t] at ,/4   ,mi*ael4 ,i hope to
 d well !re1 = ! climate is w>m] ?an   t
 ( ,rome4 ,9 ! spr+ ,i %all make ano!r  
visitation ( !   h\ses 9 ,miss\ri1 & !n 
g back to ,new ,york to beg9 !          
f\ndation #caj ( a new e/abli%m5t !re4  
,s y see ,i %all   n be v long 9 any "o 
place4    ,:at a consolation x w be = me

 if ,i f9d a lett] f y at   ,/4 ,l\is6  
,i am impati5t = news ( y & my bro!rs4  
,h[ did   !y take ! news ( my dep>ture =
 ,am]ica8 ,) indiff]5ce   p]haps2 b !y  
are f> f be+ indiff]5t to me4 ,god kn[s 
:at wi%es ,i =m = !m1 & h[ sweet x is to
 me to be able to   (f] up = !m !       
fatigues & petty suff]+s :i* div9e      
,provid5ce s5ds u4 ,:5 y write to my    
bro!rs d n fail to   rememb] me to !m1  
=1 !y are de>] to me ?an ev] 9 our      
,"l4    ,i 0 9 hopes ( f9d+ our relative
 9 ,am]ica2 b he is dead4   ,he di$     
univ]sally regrett$4 ,ev]ybody look$ ^u 
him z a sa9t4   ,i w make x a po9t to   
obta9 8 works & s5d !m to y4     ,/4    
,l\is1 ,nov4 #i1 #ahdj4    ,i h _h !    
consolation ( receiv+ y\r lett] dat$ !  
#ae?   ( ,july4 ,write to me n[ at ,/4  
,l\is1 at ! ,academy ( !   ,ladies ( !  
,sacr$ ,he>t1 = s !y call "h ^? religi\s
   h\ses :i* receive pupils z bo>d]s4 ,=
 my "p1 ,i am   det]m9$ to s5d y ?is    
lett] at once1 because ,i am afraid t   
,p>is w be turn$ topsy-turvy by ! rema9s

 ( ,bonap>te1 :i*   are to be remov$    
?i!r 9 ! mon? ( ,novemb]4    ,x is too  
true t our ',am]ican uncle' is dead4 ,y 
may suppose   h[ deeply ,i regret x4 ,he
 0 n a bi%op2 only a simple   mission>y4
 ,he inv>iably refus$ all dignities1 &  
devot$ himself   = m ?an =ty ye>s to !  
missions1 9 :i* he display$ a   zeal    
wor?y ( an apo/le4 ,he di$ at ! age (   
sev5ty-two1 l a   sa9t z he _h liv$1    
hav+ giv5 himself to ,god s9ce 8        
sev5te5? ye>4 ,! :ole c\ntry 9 :i* he   
prea*$ ! gospel   weeps = him z = a     
fa!r4 ,8 memory is rev]$ 9 ,am]ica      
among ,prote/ants z well z ,ca?olics4 ,i
 h be5 %[n an article   ab\t him 9 !    
,gazette3 x gives 8 :ole hi/ory1 & x    
w\ld   be impossible to write a m t\*+  
eulogy ( him4 ,i h "s (   8 works2 !y   
are excell5t4    ,i expect$ t my        
dep>ture = ,am]ica w\ld h b little      
effect ^u my bro!rs4 ,our good ,"l      
p]mits x to be s1 & we   mu/ wi% :atev] 
he wi%es4 ,a day w come1 ,i tru/1 :5 _! 
he>ts w be t\*$4 ,let u wait & pray1 &  

suff] ) m   f]vor ?an ev]4 ,rememb] me  
to !m & to my aunts4 ,beg = me   ! light
 ( ! ,holy ,gho/3 ,i ne$ x sorely1 = my 
po/ is a v   difficult "o4     ,,/4     
,,mi*ael1 ,dec4 #f1 #ahdj41    ,"h ,i   
am1 ne> ,new ,orleans2 b ,i %all soon   
/>t on ano!r   j\rney1 & n be at re/    
aga9 be=e ! mon? ( ,june4 ,i am n[   9 !
 l& ( ! sug>-cane2 x is v nice to eat1  
or r to   suck4 ,z if ,i br\ght ! cold )
 me 9 all my travels1 ,i _h   sc>cely   
arriv$ "h :5 bitt] cold wea!r set 91 & !
 ice   0 z ?ick z a good fat f+]4 ,!    
wea!r has mod]at$ s9ce   !n--to my great
 satisfaction1 = ,i h n en\gh ( ! _s   (
 mortification to be> cold v well4 ,i   
beg9 to believe t   !re is n a s+le w>m 
c\ntry "u ! sun1 & t !   reputation ( ^?
 l&s t are call$ s is n well-f\nd$4     
,i s5d y only ^! few words1 t y may n be
 uneasy ab\t   me2 = ,i h no leisure4   
,rememb] me to my bro!rs4 ,bless me1 &  
believe1 de> mamma1 9 my t5d] &         
respectful atta*m5t4     ,,/4 ,,mi*ael1 
,feb4 #bh1 #ahda4    ,i leave ?is place 

on ! #ae? ( ,m>*1 & %all be 9 ,/4 ,l\is 
= ! fea/ ( ! ,annunciation4 ,i %all     
rema9 ?ree weeks at   ?ree ( our h\ses 9
 ,miss\ri1 & !n g to ,c9c9nati &        
,philadelphia2 s ,i hope to be 9 ,new   
,york by ! beg9n+ ( ,may4   ,d n fe> on 
my #caa acc\nt ! dang]s ( railroads &   
/eamboats4 ,^? :o are s5t on a mission  
are "u ! special   protection ( div9e   
,provid5ce4 ,i h nev] met ) ! slighte/  
accid5t2 & ?is con/ant j\rney+ ab\t has 
moreov] rid me (   my fev]4 ,i am       
p]fectly well4 ,i rise e morn+ at tw5ty 
m9utes aft] f\r2 ,i fa/ & ab/a92 & no?+ 
hurts me4 ,s   don't be uneasy ab\t me4 
,i ?9k ,i %all /ay 9 ,new ,york until   
,novemb]1 if ,god opposes no ob/acle to 
my do+ s2 ,i %all !n   make a la/ visit 
to our h\ses 9 ,l\isiana & ,miss\ri1 &  
sail   = ,europe probably dur+ ! summ] (
 #ahdb4 ,9 fifte5 mon?s ,i   %all be    
afloat aga9 on ! great ocean4 ,i hope   
,alex&] w n   be (f aga9 be=e t1 s t ,i 
may h ! consolation (   see+ him once m4
 ,he is ! only "o ( my bro!rs :om ,i may

   nev] see aga91 & he 0 my ,b5jam94    
,tell !m ,i d n =get   !m 9 my pray]s1 &
 ,i wi% !y w\ld also rememb] me be=e    
,god3 t w come "s day1 ,i hope4 ,pray h 
"s masses said =   me2 ,i h great ne$ ( 
!m4 ,if y only knew :at x 0 to hold     
su* an (fice z m9e6 ,! responsibility is
 en\gh to make "o   tremble4            
,,l\isiana1 ,m>* #bi1 #ahda4    ,be=e   
/>t+ on my j\rney ,i mu/ s5d y a few    
l9es4 ,x is a   little be=e my accu/om$ 
"t = writ+2 b ,i %all be ne>ly   two    
mon?s on ! r\te be=e rea*+ ,new ,york1 &
 ,i am afraid ,i   %all h no opportunity
 ( writ+ except on my arrival 9 t       
city1 & aft] my return "h4 ,s d n be    
anxi\s on acc\nt (   my future sil5ce3 x
 w n be a sign ( any?+ bad4 ,i am       
bett] ?an ev]4 ,make y\r m9d at re/ ab\t
 my heal?4 ,our ,"l   gives me a/oni%+  
/r5g?4 ,fatigue has no effect ^u me4    
,,new ,,york1 ,may #ae1 #ahda4    ,i    
arriv$ "h )\t accid5t1 & take com=t 9   
?9k+ t   ,i %all be /ation>y n[ until   
,octob]4 ,s9ce ,i left ,rome ,i h   n   

be5 six weeks at a "t 9 any "o place4 ,i
 am ab\t f\nd+   an e/abli%m5t "h1 & !  
task is no easy "o1 9 any po9t (   view4
 ,! exp5ses to be incurr$ are enorm\s1 &
 our res\rces1   to say ! be/ ( !m1 are 
v mod]ate4 ,s ,i h begg$ our   "m-g5]al 
to all[ ! #bjj francs :i* y 7 s good z  
to   s5d u = po/age1 to be devot$ to !  
fir/ exp5ses ( !   *apel4    ,y h no    
idea h[ deeply our 'relative' is        
regrett$ "h4 ,he   0 univ]sally lov$ &  
respect$4 ,p look ^u me ) favor1        
because ,i be> ! same "n4      ,,new    
,,york1 ,june #bj1 #ahda4    ,! climate 
( ,new ,york is v disagreeable4 ,x 0 s  
cold   ye/]day t ev5 ) a wooll5 cov]lid 
,i _h h>d "w to keep   w>m ?r\gh !      
night4 ,x is n cold two days 9          
succession4 ,!   temp]ature v>ies ev5   
betwe5 morn+ & ev5+--t is1 :5 x   is n  
cont9ually ra9+4 ,i believe aft] all t !
 climate (   ,/4 ,pet]sburg is ! be/4   
,o> summ]s at lea/ are sup]b1 & we   h  
long days2 b "h x is h>dly light1 ?is "t
 ( ye>1 at   half aft] f\r 9 ! morn+1 & 

by half aft] sev5 9 !   ev5+ we ne$     
lamps4 ,9 fact1 y mu/ g to a cold       
climate if y   want to keep w>m & to see
 well6    ,i h _h an agreeable surprise 
"h1 & y w\ld nev] guess   :at x is4 ,x  
is to h kli\kva ,footnote #gc  to eat   
ne>ly   e day2 x is ! fir/ "t ,i h se5  
!m s9ce ,i left   ,russia4 ,?is is      
absurd1 ,i "k1 b ,i _c tell y :at       
pleasure   x gave me4       ,footnote   
#gc3 ,cranb]ries4     ,new ,york is an  
imm5se city2 x has ne>ly #djj1jjj       
inhabitants1 &   is z noisy z ,p>is4    
,!re are "s #hj1jjj ,ca?olics & only    
eight   *ur*es1 b religion is mak+      
progress4 ,! next "t ,i write to   y1 x 
w be f our h\se ( ! ,sacr$ #cab ,he>t4  
,i am   burn+ ) impati5ce to be 9 x2 =  
?\gh we are extremely   com=table ) !   
good ,si/]s ( ,*>ity1 :o are truly si/]s
   to u1 we nev]!less long to be at     
home1 :]e we c live 9   con=mity to our 
rule & cu/oms4    ,:at news ( my bro!rs8
 ,h[ happy ,i %all be :5 y c tell me   t
 all is well ) !m6 ,i w\ld give a ?\s&  

lives = t4   ,! day & h\r ( ,god w come2
 let u be pati5t & pray4 ,say a   ?\s&  
affectionate ?+s to !m = me4     ,,new  
,,york1 ,aug4 #b1 #ahda4    ,i d>e say y
 w be pleas$ to le>n1 de> mamma1 t ,i h 
j op5$ a little mission among ! ,indian 
savages 9 ,miss\ri1   #cjj miles beyond 
,/4 ,l\is4 ,f\r ( our community h be5   
e/abli%$ !re4 ,! population consi/s (   
#ijj ,indians1 all   conv]t$ by !       
,jesuits4 ,?anks be to ,god1 8 k+dom is 
ext5d+   itself1 & :at x loses on "o    
side ?r\gh ! wiles ( !   enemy1 x ga9s  
on ano!r4    ,i nev] let a mon? pass )\t
 writ+ to y1 despite my _m              
occupations1 because ,i "k y\r anxiety2 
b d n di/ress   y\rself4 ,i am1 if      
possible1 b too well1 9 e respect4 ,our 
h\ses "h are l ^? 9 ,europe2 :ile )9    
doors we nev]   c\ld suspect t we _h be5
 transplant$ into ! new _w 7t   us$ to  
be74 ,don't be afraid ab\t crocodiles4  
,! c\ntry ab\nds   9 !m1 z x does 9     
snakes2 b nobody ?9ks ( !m1 & ,i h      
nev] ev5 se5 "o4 ,sev]al1 h[ev]1 h be5  

po9t$ out to me2   b z my eyes 7 ca/    
d[n1 ,i saw no?+4     ,,new ,,york1     
,sept4 #ac1 #ahda4    ,our e/abli%m5t is
 well "u way2 ! h\se is f9i%$1 & we   h 
already twelve pupils4 ,i h no d\bt _!  
numb] w   increase next mon? to tw5ty1 &
 p]haps m1 = !re h be5   already at lea/
 =ty applications4 ,beside ?is1 ,i h j  
e/abli%$ a mission among ! ,potawatamie 
,indians 9 ! ,indian   ,t]ritory4 ,!re  
is a population ( #c1jjj ,indians 9 !   
place :]e   our ladies are1 #a1jjj ( :om
 are f]v5t ,ca?olics2 ! o!rs are        
pagans1 b to "s ext5t civiliz$4 ,we h   
!re already a s*ool   ( fifty little    
girls1 & a great _m wom5 come to le>n f 
u   h[ to "w4    ,i %all leave ,new     
,york & pass ! w9t] 9 ,l\isiana4 ,i am q
   well--bett] ?an 9 ,europe2 b ,i am   
ov]-burd5$ ) "w4 ,y   may readily       
believe x :5 ,i tell y t beside gov]n+  
?is   h\se1 & my prov9ce1 :i* comprises 
sev5 h\ses1 ,i h _h to   pa9t ?ree l>ge 
pictures = ! *apel1 & to f9i% !m 9 six  
weeks4 ,at la/1 ?ank ,god1 !y are done1 

& our *apel is really   *>m+4 ,:at a    
pity t y _c come & he> mass 9 x6     ,en
 r\te1 betwe5 ,/4 ,mi*ael & ,gr&        
,coteau1 ,dec4 #d1 #ahda4    ,f a tav]n 
on ! banks ( ! ,mississippi ,i write to 
wi% y   & all ! family a happy ,new     
,ye>6 ,i pray dev\tly t x may be        
f]tile 9 graces & div9e bless+s2 ev]y?+ 
else is   sup]flu\s & valueless1 & !re=e
 unnecess>y4 ,i h   travell$ a good deal
 s9ce ,i wrote y f ,h>risburg1 ,p5n4 ,i 
am   n[ go+ to our h\se at ,gr& ,coteau1
 :]e ,i %all /ay ab\t   five weeks2 !n  
,i %all sp5d an equal "t at ,/4 ,mi*ael4
 ,?is   w br+ me to ! end ( ,febru>y2   
aft] :i* ,i %all />t =   ,/4 ,l\is1 &   
visit our o!r e/abli%m5ts 9 ,miss\ri1   
includ+   our new mission among !       
,potawatamie savages4 ,don't let ! ^w   
'savages' fright5 y4 ,!y won't eat me2 =
 !y are m ?an   civiliz$4 ,"o ?\s& ( !m 
are ,ca?olics1 9 ! place to :i*   ,i h  
s5t our si/]s1 :o are only f\r 9 numb]1 
& h a   s*ool :i* succe$s admirably4    
,our good savages are s f]v5t   t !y    

come e day to *ur* at half-pa/ five 9 ! 
morn+4   ,!y say _! pray]s1 m$itate =   
half an h\r1 & !n he>   mass1 #cac dur+ 
:i* !y s+ canticles 9 _! savage         
fa%ion4 ,aft] mass "o ( ! ,indians      
tea*es ! cate*ism to   ab\t ?irty little
 boys & a l numb] ( girls2 t ov]1 !y   g
 (f to _! respective employm5ts1 & ab\t 
six 9 ! ev5+   !y come back to ! *ur* to
 say _! pray]s toge!r4 ,x 0   ! ,jesuits
 :o conv]t$ ?is tribe1 & !y are /ill do+
 a   va/ am\nt ( good out !re4 ,i %all  
probably g !re 9 ,april2   x w be a     
?ree-weeks' j\rney4 ,aft] t ,i mean to  
return to   ,new ,york1 & probably ab\t 
! #a/ ( ,june ,i %all sail = ,havre4    
,s !re y h my r\te2 y see t ,i lead !   
life ( a   regul> c\ri] m ?an ev]4 ,b   
=tunately1 to "o :o has !   happ9ess (  
be+ a religi\s1 all ?+s are indiff]5t1  
provid$   !y are 9 accordance ) holy    
ob$i5ce4 ,i am v mu* afraid ,i   %all   
miss "s ( y\r lett]s1 = !y mu/ foll[ me 
at a   gallopp+ pace or !y w n ov]take  
me4    ,assure y\rself1 my de> mamma1 t 

,russia is n ! colde/   c\ntry 9 ! _w4  
,! s-call$ burn+ ,l\isiana is cold]4    
,f ! #be? to ! #cj? ( ,novemb] we _h h>d
 fro/s :i*   *ill$ u ?r\gh & ?r\gh4     
,p]haps ,i am mi/ak51 b ,i h a          
pleasant recollection t 9 ,novemb] at   
,/4 ,pet]sburg we h   m ra9 ?an fro/4 ,9
 a ^w1 n[ t ,i h tri$1 s to speak1   all
 climates1 ,i am firmly p]suad$ t !re is
 n a w>m c\ntry   on ! face ( ! e>?1 &  
,i h resign$ myself to look =   pleasant
 & et]nal w>m? only 9 ! next _w4    ,:at
 news ( my bro!rs & my si/]s-9-law8 ,are
 !y z great   vagabonds z ,i8 ,ah1 if _!
 he>ts & m9ds c\ld only be compos$   &  
settl$ 9 ,god alone6 ,x w come1 "s day  
or o!r2 we mu/   hope1 ev5 aga9/ all    
hope4 ,our ,"l is ! ma/] ( he>ts1 &   he
 wills f all et]nity t ^! he>ts %all be 
:olly 84 ,a   t\* ( 8 grace w s(t5 ^? ( 
my bro!rs2 ! day (   illusions w pass   
away1 & we %all s+ et]nally ) !m t      
,god is good & 8 m]cies are unspeakable4
 ,a ?\s& kisses1 de>   mamma2 bless y\r 
dutiful & grateful daught]              

,,elizabe?4   ,9 #ahdb ,madame ,elizabe?
 w5t to ,rome to give an acc\nt ( h]    
fruitful mission to h] sup]iors4 ,i h   
be=e me a la/ lett] ( h]s1 writt5 to h] 
"m1 :om %e _h j lo/ at ,/4 ,pet]sburg   
almo/ at ! same h\r 9 :i* h] elde/ bro!r
 di$ 9 ,p>is 9 ! bosom ( ! ,ca?olic     
,*ur*4    ,i confess to y1 %e says1 t = 
sev]al mon?s pa/1 ,i h   cont9ually felt
 impell$ to make a sacrifice ( my life =
 my   bro!rs4 ,p]haps y w ?9k ?is       
presumptu\s on my "p1 s ,i   w expla9   
myself4 ,:5 ,i am mak+ my prep>ation =  
dea?1   accord+ to cu/om1 ! ?\ght (t5   
comes into my m9d to (f]   ! sacrifice (
 my life 9 advance1 & to besee* our ,"l 
to   accept x1 z well z all ! suff]+s ,i
 may h to und]go1   especially at t     
t]rible mom5t :5 ! s\l is sep>at$ f   ! 
body1 9 ord] t ,i may obta9 ! conv]sion 
( my bro!rs4   ,i h ask$ p]mission to   
transf] to !m all ! m]it :i*1 by        
,god's grace1 ,i may acquire ?r\gh      
resignation or suff]+--n only   9 my la/
 sickness1 b ev5 dur+ ! p]iod ( life :i*

 yet   rema9s to me--s t1 accumulat+ no 
m m]its by way (   satisfaction = my own
 s9s1 ,i may h1 = my "p1 purgatory   )\t
 any alleviation2 = 9 t place (         
propitiation & peace   ,i c no long] be 
( any use to !m4 ,i hope our ,"l w grant
 my   reque/3 all ,i "k is t s9ce t "t  
my habitual gladness (   he>t is        
increas$ a hundr$-fold1 & t ,i ?9k (    
dea? )   unspeakable consolation4  ,?is 
sacrifice1 :i* rem9ds "o ( a simil>     
incid5t 9 ! life ( ,/4 ,v9c5t de ,paul1 
,footnote #gd seems to h be5 #cad       
accept$ by ,god4 ,return+ to ,am]ica 9  
#ahdc1 ,madame ,elizabe? _h n "t to     
enjoy ! fruits ( h] labors4 ,%e 0       
attack$ at ,/4 ,mi*ael by ! yell[ fev]1 
& !re fell asleep 9 ! ,"l on ! fea/ ( ! 
,immaculate ,conception1 say+3 ,i d n   
fe> dea?2 ,i long = x1 if x is ,god's w4
   ,footnote #ge    ,footnote #gd3 ,"o  
day1 mov$ ) compassion at ! /ate ( an   
un=tunate prie/1 a doctor ( !ology1 :o  
_h lo/ 8 fai?1   because he _h ceas$ to 
/udy ! sci5ce ( div9ity1 ,/4 ,v9c5t   de

 ,paul bes\ght ,god to re/ore to ?is man
 ! livel9ess ( 8   fai?1 (f]+ to take up
 himself1 if necess>y1 ! burd5 :i*   ?is
 poor bro!r 0 unable to be>4 ,8 pray] 0 
he>d at once1   & = f\r ye>s ?is great  
sa9t rema9$ z x 7 depriv$ (   t fai? :i*
 0 nev]!less 8 life4 ,d y "k h[ he      
pass$ ?r\gh ?is trial8 says an admirable
 ma/] ( !   spiritual life4 ,he pass$   
?r\gh x by becom+ ,/4 ,v9c5t de   ,paul2
 t is to say1 all t ?is "n              
signifies4--,,gratry1 ,les   ,s\rces1 p4
 #hb4    ,footnote #ge3 ,writ+ f ,lyons 
to ,bi%op ,hughes 9 ,septemb]1   #ahdb1 
,madame ,galitzm said3 ,i avail myself (
 ?is opportunity to   write a few l9es1 
al?\gh deta9$ 9 my b$ ) ! fev] =   upw>d
 ( ?ree weeks4 ,my heal? is 9 a poor    
/ate1 & if ,i g on   z ,i did ^! two    
mon?s1 !re is m prospect = me to g to   
heav5 next ye> ?an to return to ,am]ica4
 ,! lett] is 9   ,engli%1 :i* %e wrote )
 app>5t ease & consid]able   approa* to 
purity4 ,,ed4 ,,ca?4 ,,_w4    ,:at m    
glori\s title ( nobility1 says          

,monseigneur ! ,duke d',aumale1 ?an to  
c\nt sa9ts & m>tyrs among "o's ance/ors8
 ,my object is n s mu* to lay claim to  
?is di/9ction1 z to %[1 = ! honor ( my  
c\ntry1 ! "p :i* "s ( h] *ildr5 h tak5 9
 ! g5esis ( civilization & ,ca?olicism 9
 ,am]ica4 ,& ?is ambition w p]haps seem 
excusable to ^? :o admit t e gift ( ,god
 ought to be an object ( our mo/        
religi\s c>e4  ----  ,f ,! ,mon?4  ,,!  
,,/ol5 ,,sket*4   ,i 0 sitt+ 9 !        
,national ,gall]y1 copy+ "o ( ,murillo's
 glori\s little begg>-boys4 ,a tube (   
color fell f my box & roll$ out ^u !    
floor4 ,a g5tleman pass+ pick$ x up1 &  
re/or$ x to me4 ,i ?ank$ him2 & !n he   
l+]$ "s m9utes by my *air1 wat*+ my "w &
 giv+ me "s useful h9ts ) ! air ( a     
p]son :o ?or\ghly und]/&s ! art4 ,i 0   
/riv+ to be an arti/1 /ruggl+ ?r\gh     
difficult uphill labor4 ,i 0 n acqua9t$ 
) any "o ( ! pr(ession4 ,i _h no "o to  
give me c\nsel4 ,^? few fri5dly words ( 
advice f a /rang] fell on my e> l s _m  
pe>ls1 & ,i ga!r$ !m gratefully & /or$  

!m fa/ 9 memory's ri*e/ jewel-casket4   
,aft] t he seem$ to take an int]e/ 9 my 
progress1 gave me valuable lessons1 &   
occasionally l5t me colors or bru%es4 ,i
 wond]$ at myself = conv]s+ ) him       
fe>lessly1 = ,i 0 usually %y ( /rang]s2 
b 8 mann] 0 s quiet & easy1 8 tone s    
def]5tial1 & he spoke s well on !       
subjects :i* int]e/$ me mo/1 t ,i =got  
to be n]v\s1 & li/5$ & answ]$ ) delight4
 ,he 0 copy+ a picture q ne> to me1 & ,i
 felt humbl$ :5 return+ to my own ef=t  
aft] glanc+ at 8 ma/]ly "w4 ,b he *e]$  
me ) k9d words ( enc\ragem5t1 :i* _h a  
diff]5t effect ^u me f my "m's fond     
admiration & ,hessie's eloqu5t praises4 
,x 0 s new to be told to expect success 
by "o ^: words might be hail$ z a       
prophecy4 ,i grew to look =w>d )        
increas$ int]e/ to my long day's "w 9 ! 
gall]y1 & to ?9k ! place lonely :5 ! k9d
 arti/ #cae 0 n !re4 ,be=e my picture 0 
f9i%$ ,i felt t ,i _h ga9$ a fri5d4  ,"o
 aft]noon on leav+ ! gall]y ,i 0 dismay$
 to f9d t x ra9$ heavily4 ,q unprep>$ = 

! wet1 ,i yet %rank f ! exp5se ( a cab4 
,:ile /&+ irresolute ^u ! /eps1 ,i      
pres5tly saw my arti/ fri5d at my side4 
,he %ot op5 8 umbrella1 & rem>k$ on !   
unpleasant *ange 9 ! wea!r4 ,p]haps he  
saw my di/ress 9 my face1 = he ask$ me  
h[ f> ,i _h to g4 ,he also 0 go+ to     
,k5s+ton1 he said1 & begg$ p]mission to 
%elt] me4 ,i 0 oblig$ to accept 8 (f]1 =
 x 0 gett+ late4 ,x 0 "o ( ^? ev5+s s   
dread$ by wom5 :o are =c$ to walk alone 
9 ,london1 :5 ! light fades quickly out1
 & d>kness drops sudd5ly ^u ! city4     
,ty+ my ?ick veil ov] my face1 & wond]+ 
at myself1 ,i took 8 arm & walk$ by 8   
side ?r\gh ! twilight /reets4 ,i ?\ght (
 a "t long ago :5 ,i us$ to get ^u      
tiptoe to clasp my fa!r's arm1 he laugh+
 at my *ildi% pride1 :ile we saunt]$ up 
& d[n ! old g>d5 at home1 f> away4      
,nev]1 s9ce t de> arm _h be5 drap$ 9 !  
%r\d1 _h my h& re/$ on a man's sleeve4  
,memory kept vex+ me sorely2 & ,i1 :o   
seldom cri$1 swall[$ te>s beh9d my veil 
& w5t along 9 sil5ce4 ,/ill ,i lik$ !   

walk4 ,z we pass$ on1 slid+ easily ?r\gh
 ^? r\gh cr[ds :i* at o!r times ,i      
dread$ s mu*1 ,i felt ke5ly h[ good x is
 to be tak5 c>e (4 ,i seem$ to be mov+  
along 9 a dream4 ,ev5 :5 x began to     
?und]1 & lightn+ fla%$ across our eyes1 
! /orm c\ld n r\se me f my rev]ie4 ,i   
felt no fe>1 /\tly protect$ z ,i 04     
,,ii4  ,:5 we rea*$ my home1 a viol5t   
gu/ ( ra9 made my fri5d /ep inside ! op5
 doorway4 ,i ask$ him to come into !    
p>lor till ! %[] %\ld light52 & he did  
s4 ,my "m sat by ! f5d] 9 h] arm*air1 ! 
fire burn$ bli!ly1 ! tea-?+s 7 on !     
table4 ,! room look$ v cosy aft] ! /ormy
 /reets4  ,my "m receiv$ ! unexpect$    
visitor cordially4 ,%e _h he>d ( 8      
k9dness to me be=e4 ,hessie came 9 ) !  
bread & butt]1 9 h] br[n h\sefrock1 ) h]
 bright curls a little toss$1 & h] blue 
eyes wond]+ wide at sight ( a /rang]4   
,my "m ask$ him to /ay = tea1 & ,i w5t  
up/airs to take (f my bonnet4  ,nev]    
be=e _h ,i felt s anxi\s to h my hair   
neat1 & to f9d an immaculate coll> &    

cuffs4 ,my h&s trembl$ z ,i ti$ my apron
 & drew on my slipp]s4 ,?is 0 always to 
me a pleasant h\r1 :5 my return made    
,hessie & my "m glad1 :5 ,i got         
refre%+ly purifi$ f ! /a9s & odor (     
pa9t1 & :5 we all _h tea toge!r4        
,to-night a c]ta9 excitem5t m+l$ ) my   
usual quiet ?ankful satisfaction4  ,i   
hurri$ d[n to ! p>lor4 ,hessie 0 fill+ !
 cups1 & ,edw>d ,vance 7our new fri5d7 0
 talk+ pleasantly to my "m4 ,he look$ up
 z ,i came 91 & :5 ,i rea*$ my seat a   
s5sation ( gladness 0 t+l+ f my he>t's  
core to my f+]-ends4 ,my "m took my h& &
 fondl$ x 9 h]s1 & ?ank$ him = 8 k9dness
 to h] good *ild4 ,i felt t he c\ld n b 
sympa?ize ) my de>1 sick1 uncompla9+ "m1
 & ,i someh[ felt x sweet t %e %\ld give
 me t little ^w ( praise :ile speak+ to 
him4 ,aft] tea ,hessie play$ u dreamy   
melodies f ,moz>t 9 ! firelight1 & ,i   
sat by "m's side trac+ pictures 9 !     
burn+ coals4  ,aft] t fir/ ev5+ ,edw>d  
,vance (t5 came to our h\se4 ,at ^!     
times our conv]sation 0 *iefly ^u       

art-subjects4 ,hessie & my "m 7 deeply  
int]e/$ 9 !m = my sake2 ,i1 = _! own1 & 
= #caf ! hopes :i* 7 entw9$ ab\t !m4  ,i
 ?\ght him an ambiti\s man1 "o ^: :ole  
s\l 0 b5t ^u success4 ,i lik$ him = x4  
,i ?\ght1 ,! noble/ man is he :o        
conc5trates all 8 p[]s ^u "o wor?y aim1 
& w9s a laurel-cr[n f 8 fell[-m5 z !    
rew>d ( 8 /ead-fa/ness4 ,yet he seem$   
(t5 tr\bl$ :5 we ask$ him ab\t 8 own    
works4  ,a rem>k ,i ov]he>d "o day 9 !  
gall]y puzzl$ me4 ,"s "o said1 ,vance8  
,oh1 yes6 he's a clev] copyi/--a det]m9$
 plodd]2 b he orig9ates no?+4 ,i don't  
"k t ,i _h any "r to be indignant2 b ,i 
04 ,t v ev5+ ,i ask$ him to %[ u "s ( 8 
designs4 ,8 face got a d>k tr\bl$ look  
^u x1 & he evad$ ! promise4  ,meantime  
he took a ke5 int]e/ 9 my "w4 ,he taught
 me h[ to f9i% my et*+s m delicately1 & 
8 rem>ks on my compositions 7 always mo/
 useful4 ,8 sugge/ions 7 peculi>ly      
happy4 ,! draw+ 0 ev] enhanc$ 9 /r5g? or
 beauty by 8 advice4 ,8 ideas 7 j &     
true2 8 ta/e da9tily critical4 ,?is     

conv9c$ me t ! rem>k ov]he>d 9 ! gall]y 
0 made ei!r 9 ignorance or ill-nature2  
or p]haps t !re 7 m arti/s call$ ,vance 
?an "o4  ,he came (t5 n[1 v (t54 ,i     
ceas$ to feel angry at myself = />t+ :5 
8 knock came4 ,_m small ?+s1 too trivial
 to be m5tion$1 fill$ my life ) a       
delici\s calm1 & brea!d a rose-color$   
atmosph]e ar\nd me4 ,ev]y?+ 9 my inn] & 
out] _w _h und]gone a *ange4 ,i grew    
subject to idle fits at my "w2 b !n !   
susp5d$ en]gy came back ) su* a ru% (   
p[]1 almo/ l inspiration1 t ,i          
accompli%$ f> m ?an ,i ev] _h done 9 !  
=m] quiet days :5 !re 0 little sun%9e to
 be _h1 & ,i ?\ght ,i _h be5 born to    
live cont5t$ly "u a cl\d all my life4   
,art seem$ glorifi$ a ?\s&fold 9 my     
eyes4 ,! gall]ies _h look$ to me be=e l 
dim treasuries ( phantom beauty1 %ad[y  
regions ( romance & p]fection1 ?r\gh !  
gates ( :i* ,i might pe]1 ?\gh ! key 0 n
 m9e4 ,n[ !y teem$ ) a ripe mean+2 !    
mean+ :i* _m glori\s s\ls t once brea!d 
& wr\ght on ?is e>? h wov5 into _!      

creations2--a mean+ :i* unlock$ = me !  
_w ( love1 & gave me long bright visions
 ( its beautiful vi/as4  ,my "m look$ f 
,edw>d ,vance to me1 & f me to him2 & ,i
 knew h] ?\ght4 ,x sweet5$ yet m t food 
( happ9ess on :i* ,i liv$4 ,some?+ said 
to me1 ,y may meet 8 eye fe>lessly1     
place y\r h& frankly 9 8 clasp1 foll[ 8 
feet gladly4  ,"o ev5+ aft] he _h gone  
my "m /rok$ my head ly+ on h] knee4  ,y 
are v happy1 ,grace8 %e said4  ,i am1   
"m1 ,i :isp]$4  ,ah6 y\r life is set to 
music1 my love1 %e murmur$2 ! old tune4 
,,iii4  ,nev] 0 "o si/] s pr\d ( ano!r z
 ,i ( ,hessie4 ,%e 0 only sev5te51 ?ree 
ye>s y\ng] ?an ,i1 & ,i felt almo/ a    
mo!rly love = h]4 ,%e 0 slight & fair1 &
 *ildi% bo? 9 face & disposition4 ,i    
glori$ 9 h] beauty2 h] head rem9d$ me ( 
,raffaelle's angels4 ,i ?\ght t "o day  
,i %\ld pa9t a picture ) ,hessie = my   
model--a picture :i* %\ld w9 ! love &   
admiration ( all :o gaz$4 ,"o leisure   
"t1 9 ! mid/ ( my happ9ess1 ,i sudd5ly  
resolv$ to comm5ce ! "w4 ,i *ose a sc5e 

f our favorite poem ( ,enid--! "p :]e ! 
"m goes to h] daught]'s *amb]1 be>+     
,g]a9t's message1 & f9ds  #cag    ',half
 dis>ray$1 z to h] re/1 ! girl1   ,:om  
fir/ %e kiss$ on ei!r *eek1 & !n   ,on  
ei!r %9+ %\ld] laid a h&1   ,& kept h]  
(f1 & gaz$ into h] face1   ,& told h]   
all _! conv]se 9 ! hall1   ,prov+ h]    
he>t4 ,b nev] light & %ade   ,c\rs$ "o  
ano!r m on op5 gr\nd1   ,b5ea? a tr\bl$ 
heav51 ?an r$ & pale   ,across ! face ( 
,enid1 he>+ h]2   ,:ile sl[ly fall+1 z a
 scale t falls   ,:5 weight is add$ only
 gra9 by gra91   ,sank h] sweet head ^u 
h] g5tle brea/4   ,nor did %e lift an   
eye1 nor speak a ^w1   ,rapt 9 ! fe>1 & 
9 ! wond] ( x4  ,i made a sket*4 ,nev]  
_h ,i be5 s happy 9 any attempt4 ,my own
 "m1 worn1 sad1 dignifi$--,i gave h]    
face & =m to ! poet's conception (      
,enid's "m4 ,& ,hessie made a v lovely  
,enid1 ) ! :ite drap]y cl++ to h] r\nd  
%\ld]s1 & h] gold5 head droop$4 ,i      
wr\ght out all ! accessories ) scrupul\s
 c>e--! %ad[y old t[]-*amb]2 ! op5 w9d[1

 & ! dim drifts ( cl\d beyond2 ! /irr+  
tape/ry2 ! lamp ^u ! table1 fl++ its    
yell[ light on ! ri* fad$ dress ( ! "m &
 on ,enid's gli/5+ hair4  ,i toil$ at ! 
sket* almo/ z if ,i _h meant to make x a
 f9i%$ picture4 ,x 0 l>ge4 ,i lavi%$    
labor ^u x ) a passionate en]gy4 ,i nev]
 we>i$ ( conjur+ up ideas ( beauty1 to  
lay !m 9 luxuri\s pr(usion "u my bru%4  
,i glori$ 9 ! "w ( my h&s2 & yet ,i felt
 impati5t :5 o!rs prais$ x4 ,i burn$ to 
%[ !m :at ! f9i%$ picture %\ld prove to 
be4 ,?is sket*1 mu* z ,i priz$ x z an   
e>ne/ ( future success1 ,i held only z !
 %ad[ ( t :i* mu/ "o day live 9         
p]fection on ! canvas4 ,s ,i rav$ 9 my  
dreams4  ,i _h resolv$ n to speak ( x to
 ,edw>d ,vance till ,i _h complet$ !    
sket*4 ,i _h ,hessie's promise n to %[  
x1 n to tell him4 ,i work$ at x daily1 n
 feel+ t ,i work$1 b only t ,i          
liv$--only t my s\l 0 accompli%+ its    
appo9t$ task ( creation2 t x brea!d 9   
its elem5t1 revell$ 9 its ,god-giv5 p[]2
 t x 0 utt]+ t :i* %\ld /ir _m o!r s\ls 

) a myriad bless$ inspirations1 long    
aft] ! worn body _h refus$ to %elt] x   
long]1 & et]nity _h summon$ x f ! _w (  
endeavor to t re/ :i*1 9 ! fev] ( its   
e>ne/ness1 x knew n yet h[ to           
appreciate4  ,& ,hessie /ood = me1      
pati5t day aft] day4          ,b nev]   
light & %ade   ,c\rs$ "o ano!r m on op5 
gr\nd1   ,b5ea? a tr\bl$ heav51 ?an r$ &
 pale   ,across ! face ( ,enid1 he>+ h]4
  ,i read al\d ! passage aga9 & aga91 t 
,hessie might feel x z well z ,i4 ,&    
truly1 z ,i work$1 ! color on ,hessie's 
*eek *ang$ & *ang$ "u my eyes1 till ,i  
=got my purpose 9 wond]+ at h]4 ,"o day1
 :ile ,i laid d[n my bru% que/ion+ h]1  
%e bur/ into te>s1 & sobb$ 9 *ildi%     
impetu\s di/ress4 ,%e w\ld n answ] my   
anxi\s que/ions2 %e %unn$ my sympa?y4   
,b t night1 be=e ,i slept1 ,i _h my     
little si/]'s secret4 ,%e wor%ipp$      
,edw>d ,vance z simple *ildi% natures   
wor%ip h]oes :om !y exalt to ! rank (   
gods4    ,,iv4  ,i _h no m joy1 no m    
he>t to "w4 ,i laid my sket* 9 my       

portfolio1 & said t x 0 f9i%$1 & t ,i   
%\ld n comm5ce ! picture at pres5t4 ,i  
c\ld n "w look+ at ,hessie's *ang$ face4
  ,:at %\ld ,i d8 ,h[ %\ld ,i re/ore    
happ9ess to my little si/]8 ,?is 0 ! "q 
:i* haunt$ me4 ,night or day x w\ld give
 me no peace4 ,i c\ld n re/ at home4 ,i 
und]took a "w once m at ! ,national     
,gall]y1 & /ay$ away all day4 ,(t5 ,i   
sat = h\rs1 & did no?+1 ?9k+ ) pa9ful   
p]t9acity ( t "o "q1 ,h[ %\ld ,i re/ore 
happ9ess to my little si/]8 ,edw>d      
,vance _h nev] ask$ me to be 8 wife4    
,p]haps ,hessie did n guess t ,i _h     
believ$ & hop$ t he w\ld4 ,my "m--b !n a
 "m's eye w see :]e o!rs are bl9d4  ,i  
sat 9 my des]t$ corn] ( ! gall]y1 dropp+
 te>s into my lap1 #cah & pond]+ my "q4 
,if my "m 7 dead1 if ,i 7 m>ri$1 h[     
lonely w\ld n ,hessie be 9 h] mis]y6 ,b 
if ,hessie 7 a happy wife1 :y1 ,i c\ld  
support myself & live 9 peace &         
indep5d5ce1 bless$ ) cong5ial           
occupation1 solac$ by ! love & joy ( my 
art4 ,edw>d ,vance mu/ nev] ask me to be

 8 wife4 ,i repeat$ ! words aga9 & aga91
 till ! resolve burnt itself into my    
he>t4  ,i believe t he has lov$ me1 t he
 loves me n[2 b ,i c s wrap myself up 9 
my "w1 s seem to =get him 9 my art1 t ,i
 %all cease to be loveable2 & !n he mu/1
 he w1 p]ceive ,hessie's affection1 &   
take h] to 8 he>t4 ,he _c help x1       
beautiful & fre% & simple z %e is4 ,s ,i
 look$ at h] face z %e lay dream+1 sull5
 & griev$ l a vex$ *ild1 ev5 9 sleep2 & 
,i v[$ to c>ry out my /range resolve--to
 cru% my love = ,edw>d1 to de/roy 8 =   
me1 to l9k ! two de> ones toge!r1 & g on
 my life alone1 ) no com=t] b ,god & my 
toil4 ,x 0 b a %ort "t s9ce ,i _h       
contemplat$ su* a prospect ) calm       
cont5t2 & :y c\ld ,i n =get all t _h    
lately be51 & return to my s]5e quiet8  
,i said x %\ld be s4  ,b 9 ?is ,i assum$
 a p[] ov] my own de/9y & ! de/9ies (   
o!rs :i* none b ,god _h a "r to sway1 & 
he _h ent]$ x aga9/ me 9 ! great book ( 
good & evil4 ,he _h plant$ 9 my he>t a  
natural affection1 & laid at my feet a  

treasure ( happ9ess4 ,i _h /ret*$ =? my 
h& to uproot t beautiful fl[] :i* %\ld h
 borne me joy4 ,i _h turn$ aside f ! ri*
 gift1 & ?\ght to sweep x f my pa?4 ,i  
_h v[$ to d evil1 t good might come ( x2
 & a mighty h& 0 already ext5d$ to puni%
 my presumption4    ,v4  ,9 pursuance ( 
my resolve1 ,i abs5t$ myself f home z   
mu* z possible1 leav+ ,hessie to ent]ta9
 ,edw>d ,vance :5 he came4 ,i did n     
int5d to qu>rel ) him--,i c\ld n h done 
t2 b ,i want$ him to see m ( ,hessie &  
less ( me4 ,i _h s mu* fai? 9 h] sup]ior
 beauty & loveabl5ess1 t 9 ! morbid     
frame ( m9d into :i* ,i _h frett$       
myself1 ,i believ$ my object w\ld soon  
be accompli%$4  ,i _h succe$$ 9 obta9+  
"s tuitions2 & betwe5 ! "t :i* !y       
occupi$ & ! h\rs sp5t 9 ! gall]ies1 ,i 0
 v little at home4 ,my "m look$ at me   
uneasily2 b ,i smil$ & deceiv$ h] )     
pleasant words4 ,on com+ home late1 ,i  
sometimes he>d t ,mr4 ,vance _h be5 !re2
 my "m always told me--,hessie nev]4 ,i 
long$ to lay my head on my "m's knee &  

say1 ,did he ask = me8 b ! voice nev]   
w\ld come4  ,sometimes he came1 z ( old1
 to sp5d ! :ole ev5+4 ,i w\ld n notice  
h[ he bore my alt]$ ways4 ,i sat all !  
"t ap>t by ! w9d[1 seem+ly absorb$1     
puzzl+ out "s difficult design1 or work+
 up "s c>eful et*+4 ,i did n ask 8      
advice2 ,i did n claim 8 sympa?y ) my   
occupation4 ,i sat wrapp$ up )9 myself1 
grave & ung5ial1 :ile he l+]$ by ,hessie
 at ! piano1 & ask$ h] to play h] s(t   
airs aga94 ,& all ! "t ,i sat />+ f my  
pap] into ! little pat* ( g>d5 "u !     
w9d[1 tw9+ my sorr[ ab\t ! old solit>y  
tree1 build+ my unheal?y purpose into ! 
dull wall ( discolor$ brick1 :i* %ut u &
 our tr\bles f our neighbors4 ,i sat    
li/5+ to ! pla9tive tunes ) :i* s _m    
associations 7 inwov51 he>+ ,hessie's   
musical prattle--%e 0 always gay :ile he
 /ay$--& ,edw>d's ri* voice & pleasant  
laugh1 contra/+ ) !m z a deep wave      
breaks 9 among ! e*oes ( a rippl+ creek4
 ,i sat & li/5$ 9 sil5ce1 :ile all my   
life #cai rebell$ 9 e ve9 & pulse at !  

false "p ,i act$4  ,b x 0 too late n[ to
 retract4 ,?\gh e day prov$ to me t !   
task ,i _h und]tak5 0 too difficult1 !  
/ep _h be5 made & c\ld n be retrac$4 ,i 
_h lift$ my burd51 & ,i mu/ be> x ev5 to
 ! end4 ,i _h no d\bt f ,hessie's %y    
happy face t at lea/ my object mu/ be   
atta9$1 :atev] x might co/ myself4  ,i  
_h nev] %[n ,edw>d ,vance ! de> sket* = 
:i* ,i _h once s ke5ly covet$ 8         
approval4 ,s absorb$ _h ,i lately be5 9 
o!r ?\ghts1 t x lay by =gott54 ,"o ev5+ 
my "m desir$ ,hessie to br+ x out & %[ x
 to him4 ,i seldom look$ at him1 b = a  
mom5t ,i n[ glanc$ at 8 face4 ,8 eyelids
 flick]$1 & a /range expression pass$   
ov] 8 c\nt5ance4 ,x 0 admiration1       
surprise1 & some?+ else--,i knew n :at2 
some?+ /range & unpleasant4 ,!          
admiration1 ,i jeal\sly believ$1 0 =    
,hessie's face 9 its d[nca/ beauty4 ,he 
gaz$ at x long1 b put x aside ) a few   
cold words ( comm5dation4 ,i felt1 ) an 
intol]able pang1 t ev5 s he _h put me   
aside1 & ?\ght no m ab\t me4 ,b at      

diff]5t times aft]w>d ,i saw him glance 
to :]e ! sket* lay4  ,t night my "m kept
 me ) h] aft] ,hessie _h gone to b$4 ,%e
 que/ion$ me anxi\sly2 ask$ me if ,i _h 
qu>rell$ ) ,edw>d ,vance4 ,i said1 ,no1 
"m1 :y %\ld we qu>rel8  ,by-&-by %e     
said1 ,grace1 c x be t he has n ask$ y  
to be 8 wife8  ,i answ]$ quickly1 ,oh1  
no2 x is ,hessie :om he loves4  ,my "m  
look$ puzzl$ & griev$1 ?\gh ,i smil$ 9  
h] face4   ,,vi4  ,"o ev5+ ,i came home 
& f\nd ,hessie dull & out ( humor4 ,my  
"m told me t ,mr4 ,vance _h call$ &     
m5tion$ t he 0 ab\t to leave t[n = "s   
weeks4 ,he _h left 8 reg>ds = me4 ,i    
knew by ,hessie's face t he _h said no?+
 to make h] happy dur+ 8 abs5ce4  ,"s   
ev5+s aft]1 ,i f\nd my "m sitt+ alone 9 
! p>lor1 & on go+ up/airs ,hessie curl$ 
up on our b$ ) h] face 9 ! pill[s4 ,i s 
lov$ ?is little si/]1 t ,i c\ld n endure
 to see h] grieve )\t %>+ h] vexation4  
,s ,i sat d[n by h] side & drew h] head 
^u my %\ld]4 ,sitt+ ?us ,i coax$ h]     
tr\ble f h]4 ,%e _h be5 out walk+1 & _h 

met ,edw>d ,vance 9 ,k5s+ton4 ,he _h se5
 h]4 ,he _h pret5d$ n to see h]4 ,he _h 
avoid$ h]4  ,at fir/ ?is seem$ s v      
unlikely1 ,i je/$ ) h]1 laugh$ at h]1   
said %e mu/ h be5 mi/ak54 ,he _h be5    
delay$ 9 ,london1 & _h n recogniz$ h]4  
,b ,hessie decl>$ vehem5tly t he _h     
purposely avoid$ h]1 & cri$ z ?\gh h]   
he>t w\ld break4  ,!n ,i said3 ,hessie1 
if he be a p]son to behave s1 we ne$    
nei!r ( u tr\ble ourselves ab\t him4 ,we
 liv$ be=e we knew him1 & ,i d>e say we 
%all get on v well n[ t he has gone4 ,b 
,hessie only />$ & turn$ h] face f me4  
,%e c\ld n und]/& su* a view ( ! case4  
,%e ?\ght ,i did n feel = h]4  ,aft] t !
 weeks pass$ dre>ily4 ,we he>d no news (
 ,edw>d ,vance2 b he _h n left ,london1 
= ,i saw him once 9 ! /reet4 ,i told    
,hessie1 = ,i ?\ght x "r to r\se h] a   
little rudely f ! despond5t /ate into   
:i* %e _h fall54 ,i tri$1 g5tly b       
decid$ly1 to make h] und]/& t we _h     
look$ on z a /eadfa/ fri5d "o :o = "s   
reason _h be5 tir$ ( u1 & made an excuse

 to drop our acqua9tance2 & t %e w\ld be
 do+ s]i\s injury to h] self-respect did
 %e give him "o m ?\ght4  ,= myself ,i  
mus$ mu* ^u 8 #cbj /range conduct4 ,x   
rema9$ an enigma to me4 ,a dull         
li/lessness hung ^u me1 :i* 0 m t]rible 
?an physical pa94 ,i sp5t ! days at     
home1 because ,i c\ld n leave ,hessie to
 mope h] life away1 & damp my "m's      
spirits ) h] sad face4 ,s ,i _h n ev5 ! 
obligation ( go+ out to daily "w to     
/imulate me to heal?ful action4 ,n[1    
inde$1 0 my life we>y & burd5some = "o  
d>k space1 :i*1 ?ank ,god & 8 gift (    
/rong en]gy1 0 n ( va/ compass4 ,s long 
z we sacrifice ourselves = ^? we love1  
:e!r 9 reality or 9 imag9ation1 some?+  
sublime 9 ! idea ( our purpose--:e!r t  
purpose be mi/ak5 or n--is yet a rock to
 lean on 9 ! weake/ h\r ( angui%4 ,b :5 
our eyes are op5$1 & we see t we h only 
dragg$ o!rs z well z ourselves deep]    
into mis]y1 !n inde$ x is h>d to suff] &
 be /rong4    ,,vii4  ,i _h done no?+ ( 
late--no?+1 al?\gh ,i _h toil$          

incessantly2 = ,i did n dignify ) ! "n (
 "w ! s\lless me*anical drudg]y :i* _h  
kept me f home dur+ ! pa/ mon?s4 ,my _s 
_h grovell$ 9 a /ate ( pro/ration1      
/ripp$ ( its w+s & its w& ( p[]4 ,i n[  
knelt & cri$3 ,give1 oh1 give me back my
 creative impulse6  ,i _h nev] s9ce     
look$ at ! belov$ sket*4 ,i long$ n[ to 
draw x =?1 & comm5ce ! picture :ile ,i  
/ay$ at home4 ,b ,hessie %udd]$ :5 ,i   
spoke ( x1 & look$ s t]rifi$1 plead+ t  
%e c\ld n /& = me1 t ,i gave up ! idea =
 ! "t4 ,i ?\ght %e _h di/ress+ memories 
connect$ ) x1 & ,i tri$ to rid h] ( !m  
by speak+ *e]fully ( h[ successful ,i   
expect$ ! picture to be1 & :at pleasure 
we %\ld h 9 work+ at x4 ,i regrett$     
bitt]ly t ,i _h n comm5c$ x long be=e1 j
 aft] ,i _h made ! sket*4 ,i %\ld !n1   
p]haps1 h _h x f9i%$ 9 "t = !           
,exhibition draw+ ne>4 ,b t 0 impossible
 n[4 ,i mu/ wait 9 pati5ce = ano!r ye>4 
,i did n at t "t ev5 look betwe5 !      
leaves ( ! portfolio4 ,?\gh ,i ?\ght x  
"r to talk briskly & *e]ily ab\t x = bo?

 our sakes1 ,i _h sick5+ associations ) 
t "w ( my %ort1 brilliant day ( happ9ess
 :i* ,hessie1 ) all h] *ildi% griev+1   
c\ld h>dly h compreh5d$4  ,i all[$ "s "t
 to pass1 & at la/ ,i ?\ght ,hessie's   
:im _h be5 indulg$ long en\gh4 ,%e mu/  
le>n h[ to meet a %ock & outlive x4 ,i  
did n l ! idea ( hav+ gho/s 9 ! h\se--  
skeletons ( unheal?y s5tim5t hidd5 away 
9 unapproa*able *amb]s4 ,! %ad[ %\ld be 
hunt$ f its corn] into ! light4 ,! sket*
 mu/ gr[ into a picture1 :i* a new      
aspect ( ?+s mu/ despoil ( all /++      
associations4  ,i w5t to seek ! sket*2 b
 ! sket* 0 gone4 ,i s\ght x 9 e "p ( !  
h\se2 b to no purpose4 ,x _h q          
disappe>$4 ,i m5tion$ ! /range          
circum/ance to my "m 9 ,hessie's        
pres5ce1 & ,hessie sudd5ly left ! room4 
,!n x /ruck me = ! fir/ "t t my si/] _h 
ei!r de/roy$ x 7:i* ,i c\ld h>dly       
believe71 or t "s accid5t _h happ5$ to x
 9 h] h&s4 ,i obs]v$ t %e nev] allud$ to
 x1 nev] inquir$ if ,i _h f\nd x4 ,i did
 n "q h] ab\t x4 ,inde$ ,i felt too mu* 

vex$ to speak ( x4 ,i griev$ m = its    
loss ?an ,i _h believ$ x rema9$ 9 me to 
grieve at any fre% trial4 ,i lov$ x z we
 d love ! creation on :i* we h lavi%$ ! 
mo/ preci\s ri*es ( our m9d1 on :i* we h
 sp5t our toil1 9 :i* we h conqu]$      
difficulty1 /riv5 & a*iev$1 /ruggl$ &   
triumph$4 ,i %\ld h lov$ x all my life1 
hang+ 9 my own *amb]1 if no "o might ev]
 see x b myself2 & borne my #cba sorr[s 
) a bett] _s1 & ta/$ ke5] joys1 :ile    
?ank+ ,god t ,i _h be5 p]mitt$ to call x
 into exi/5ce4 ,i glori$ too mu* 9 ! "w 
( my own h&s1 & ,i 0 puni%$4  ,nev] s9ce
 h ,i ta/$ t vivid s5se ( delight 9 any 
a*ievem5t ( my own4 ,i h work$ z        
zeal\sly1 & m successfully1 b x has be5 
) a humbl] he>t4 ,& look+ backw>d1 ,i n[
 believe t x 0 my inn] happ9ess :i*     
halo$ my creation ) a beauty t 0 half 9 
my own glad eyes4   ,,viii4  ,! succe$+ 
few mon?s 7 quiet1 9 ! dulle/ s5se ( !  
^w4 ,/rive z ,i w\ld1 ! sun%9e _h gone f
 our home4 ,hessie 0 no long] ! bright  
,hessie ( old days4  ,i tri$ to =get my 

de> sket* ( ,enid1 & made sev]al        
attempts to pa9t "s o!r picture2 b !    
,exhibition drew ne>1 & ,i _h no?+ done4
  ,"o bright ,may morn+ ,i read 9 !     
newspap] an acc\nt ( ! ,academy         
,exhibition4 ,! li/ ( arti/s & _! works 
/irr$ me ) a /range tr\ble4 ,te>s rose 9
 my eyes & blott$ out ! words4 ,i spread
 ! pap] on ! table be=e me1 press$ my   
temples ) my f+]s1 & travell$ sl[ly     
?r\gh ! criticisms & praises :i* occupi$
 "s columns4 ,:y 0 !re no "w ( m9e      
m5tion$ !re8 ,:y _h ,i lo/ my "t s      
mis]ably dur+ ! pa/ mon?s8 ,& que/ion+  
myself ?us1 ,i 0 consci\s ( two s9s ^u  
my own head4 ,! fir/ 0 9 glory+ 9 &     
wor%ipp+ ! creation ( my own labor3 !   
second1 9 exalt+ myself ^u an imag9>y   
p9nacle ( h]oism by a fanci$            
self-sacrifice1 & hav+ br\ght deep]     
tr\ble ^u ! si/] ^: happ9ess ,i ?\ght to
 compass4 ,i wept ! *ok+ te>s out ( my  
?roat & read on4  ,some?+ dazzl$ my eyes
 = a mom5t1 & br\ght ! blood to my      
=ehead4 ,a picture 0 m5tion$ )          

en?usia/ic praise2 a picture by ,e4     
,vance4 ,x 0 call$ ,enid1 & 0 int]pret$ 
by a quotation f ! poem2 my passage--!  
subject ( my lo/ sket*6 ,a /range idea  
glanc$ across my m9d4 ,i half smil$ at x
 & put x away4 ,b all day ,i 0 re/less2 
& t ev5+ ,i propos$ to ,hessie an       
exp$ition e>ly next morn+ to see !      
pictures4 ,my "m long$ to g ) u2 b z %e 
c\ld n1 ,i promis$ to br+ home a        
catalogue1 & describe ea* pa9t+ to ! be/
 ( my memory4  ,) a fev]i% ha/e ,i s\ght
 out ! picture ( ,enid by ,e4 ,vance4 ,0
 ,i dream+8 ,i pass$ my h& across my    
eyes z ?\gh "s imag9>y sc5e _h come     
betwe5 me & ! canvas4 ,i did n feel     
,hessie's h& dropp+ f my arm4 ,i /ood   
transfix$1 grasp+ ! catalogue1 & />+ at 
! picture be=e me4  ,x 0 my ,enid4 ,my  
own 9 =m1 attitude1 t9t1 & expression4  
,x 0 ! ,enid ( my dreams realiz$2 !     
,enid ( my labor wr\ght to completion2 !
 ,enid ( my lo/ sket* ennobl$1 p]fect$1 
glorifi$4  ,my "w on :i* ,i _h lavi%$ my
 love & toil 0 !re1 & x 0 n m9e4        

,ano!r1 a m skill$1 a subtl] h&1 _h     
br\ght out its mean+ ) delicate         
appreciation1 rip5$ its orig9al purpose1
 enri*$ ! subdu$ dep?s ( its color+1    
e!realiz$ ! :ole by ! pure/ f9i%4 ,b t  
h& _h robb$ me1 ) cruel c[>dly          
delib]ation4 ,x _h /ol5 my mell[ fruit2 
tak5 my sweete/ rose & plant$ x 9 a     
/range g>d54 ,i felt ! wrong heavy &    
sore ^u me4 ,i res5t$ x fi]cely4 ,i c\ld
 n endure to look at ! admir+ faces     
ar\nd me4 ,i turn$ away sick & trembl+1 
:ile ! blood puls$ indignantly 9 my     
?roat & beat pa9fully at my temples4    
,:y %\ld he :o _h already s tr\bl$ my   
life enjoy success & gold :i* %\ld h be5
 m9e8 #cbb ,o "m1 "m6 ,i inw>dly cri$1  
h[ mu* w\ld ! price ( ?is picture h done
 = y6 ,& ,i ?\ght ( h] ye>n+s = ! sc5t (
 sea spray1 & ! ta/e ( sea brea?1 :i* ! 
scanty purse =bade to be satisfi$4  ,i  
s\ght ,hessie1 & f\nd h] sitt+ alone & v
 pale4 ,i said1 ,come home1 ,hessie2 &  
%e foll[$ me1 obey+ l a *ild4  ,:5 we   
rea*$ our h\se1 ,i 0 ?ankful t my "m    

slept ^u ! c\*1 = ,i ne$$ a "t to calm  
myself1 & ?9k & pray4 ,i ?rew away my   
bonnet1 & sat d[n by our b$side4 ,hessie
 came & crept to my feet4  ,grace1 %e   
sobb$1 c y ev] =give me8 ,i gave him !  
sket*2 b ,i decl>e on my knees t ,i did 
n "k :y he want$ x4  ,= a mom5t ,i felt 
v h>% & /]n1 b my woman's nature        
conqu]$4 ,:at 7 all ! pictures 9 ! _w   
comp>$ ) my little si/]'s grief8 ,i b5t 
ov] h]1 & wip$ away ! te>s f h] face4   
,don't say any m ab\t x1 ,hessie1 ,i    
said2 ,i'd r n he> any m4 ,i "k t y     
meant to d me no wrong4 ,x is ) him t ! 
inju/ice lies4 ,b1 ,hessie1 ,i w only   
ask y "o "q3 ,c y--d y ?9k y ought to   
wa/e a regret on su* a p]son8  ,hessie  
dri$ up h] te>s ) m resolution ?an ,i _h
 ev] se5 h] %[ be=e1 & answ]$3  ,no1 no1
 ,grace de>2 ,i am cur$ n[4  ,& !n %e   
put h] arms ab\t my neck1 ask+ my p>don 
= all h] pa/ wilful conduct2 & 9 "o long
 embrace all ! e/rangem5t 0 swept away1 
& we two si/]s 7 re/or$ to "o ano!r4    
,hessie w5t (f to get tea ready ) a     

*e]ful /ep1 & ,i to make ! room cosy &  
kiss my "m awake1 :5 ! fire gl[$ & !    
pleasant meal 0 on ! table4 ,we bo? sat 
by h] ) bright faces1 & told h] all ab\t
 ! pictures we c\ld rememb]2 all except 
"o4    ,,ix4  99 99 99 99 99 99  ,i h   
outliv$ all t tr\ble ab\t ! picture (   
,enid1 & _m tr\bles beside2 ,i h kiss$  
my "m's de> face 9 h] c(f94 ,i h won    
success1 & ,i h won gold2 & nei!r seem  
to me q ! boons "s hold !m to be4       
,hessie's e>ly grief pass$ away l a spr+
 %[]4 ,%e is n[ a happy wife2 & ,i h at 
?is mom5t by my side a little gold-hair$
 fairy ?+1 h] *ild4 ,my de> si/]'s      
happ9ess is secur$2 h] boat ( life is   
safe at an*or4 ,edw>d ,vance's %ad[ only
 cross$ h] pa? & pass$ away4 ,%e nev]   
met him s9ce ! old days2 ,i b once4 ,8  
c>e] has /rangely disappo9t$ 8 fri5ds4  
,= me1 my life is calm & cont5t$4 ,i ?9k
 ! heal?y-spirit$ always make = !mselves
 happ9ess out ( :atev] mat]ials may be  
ar\nd !m2 & ,i f9d ri* un-wr\ght        
treasure on e side1 :i!rsoev] ,i turn my

 eyes4 ,my si/]'s glad smile is a bless+
 on my life2 & "o r>e joy is !          
bright-fac$ little lisp] at my side1 :o 
pe]s ov] my %\ld] ) spiritual eyes1 &   
asks my/]i\s que/ions ab\t my "w4 ,&1   
/&+ always by my side l an angel1 be>+ !
 w& ( p[] & ! w+s ( peace1 ,i h my      
fri5d1 my beautiful art4 ,%e fills my   
days ) purpose & my nights ) sweet re/ &
 dreams4 ,%e places 9 my h&s ! means (  
do+ good to o!rs4 ,:ile illum9+ my upw>d
 pa?1 %e seems to beckon me high] & yet 
high]4 ,look+ ev] 9 h] de> eyes1 ,i     
bless ,god = ! abundance ( 8 gifts2 & ,i
 muse s]5ely on ! "t :5 %e1 ! int]pret] 
( ! ideal "h on e>?1 w conduct me to !  
gates ( et]nal beauty4  ------  #cbc  ,f
 ,once a ,week4  ,,imp]ial ,,& ,,royal  
,,au?ors4   ,,by ,s4 ,,b>+ ,,g\ld4   ,is
 ! pres5t ,emp]or ( ! ,fr5* aw>e t 9    
publi%+ 8 ,vie de ,ces>1 he is tread+ a 
beat5 pa?8 t 8 pr$ecessors on ! ,fr5*   
?rone h1 f a remote age1 s\ght to unite 
! fame ( au?or%ip ) ! glory ( regal     
position8 & is he aw>e ( ! fact1 t _!   

ef=ts 9 ?is qu>t] h n unfrequ5tly be5   
acc\nt$ dead failures8 ,julius ,caes>   
has already be5 h&l$ by "o ( !m1 & )    
poor success1 = ,l\is ,,xiv41 at ! age (
 sixte51 produc$ a translation ( ! fir/ 
book ( ! ,comm5t>ies ( ,caes>1 "u !     
title ,gu]re des ,suisses1 traduite     
dupremi] livre des ,comm5taires de      
,jules ,ces>1 p> ,l\is ,,xi ,v41        
,dieu-,donne1 roi de ,france et de      
,nav>re4 ,?is "w1 consi/+ ( eighte5     
pages1 0 pr9t$ at ! royal press 9 folio1
 #afea4  ,l\is ,,xiv41 h[ev]1 0 n ! fir/
 ,fr5* mon>* to try 8 h& ^u ,julius     
,caes>2 he _h be5 prec$$ by ,h5ry ,,iv41
 :o translat$ ! :ole "w1 & did n give x 
up aft] ! fir/ book4 ,w ! pres5t ,vie de
 ,ces> rea* a second volume8 &1 if x    
does1 w x ext5d to a f\r?8 ,^? :o "k be/
 ! occupations ( ! imp]ial writ]1 say t 
x might be ra% to feel sure beyond !    
fir/ volume1 or to calculate on m ?an a 
second4 ,let u see :e!r !re is mu*      
novelty 9 ! circum/ance ( a mon>* becom+
 an au?or4 ,we %all only look at !      

emp]ors ( ,rome & ! k+s ( ,france4 ,we  
"k well en\gh t our own ,alfr$ translat$
 ,boe?ius1 ,orosius1 & ,b$e1 & t ,h5ry  
,,viii4 won ! title ( ,def5d] ( ! ,fai? 
by 8 lit]>y tilt ) ,lu!r2 & t ,james ,i4
 wrote aga9/ tobacco2 & we are n dispos$
 to revive ! dispute ab\t ! ,eikon      
,basilike4  ,let u !n turn to ! ,roman  
emp]ors aft] ,caes>1 :o 0 an au?or      
himself1 or nei!r ,h5ry ,,iv41 nor ,l\is
 ,,xiv41 nor ,l\is ,napoleon1 w\ld h _h 
mu* to say ab\t him4  ,augu/us1 we are  
told by ,suetonius1 compos$ sev]al      
works1 :i* he 0 wont to read to a circle
 ( fri5ds4 ,among ^! 71 ,exhortations to
 ! ,/udy ( ,philosophy1 :i* we h no d\bt
 ! select circle li/5$ to ) possible    
edification1 & probable ennui4 ,he wrote
 likewise 8 own memoirs 9 ?irte5 books1 
b he nev] f9i%$ !m1 or br\ght !m beyond 
! ,cantabrian w>4 ,8 epigrams 7 writt5 9
 8 ba?4 ,he comm5c$ a trag$y ^u ,ajax1  
b1 little pleas$ ) x1 he de/roy$ x2 & 9 
answ] to ! select circle :i* ask$1 ,:at 
_h become ( ,ajax8 ,ah6 poor fell[6     

repli$ ! emp]or1 he fell ^u ! sponge1 & 
p]i%$2 mean+ t he _h wa%$ ! composition 
(f 8 papyrus4  ,tib]ius1 says ! same    
au?or1 compos$ a lyric poem on ! dea? ( 
,julius ,caes>1 b 8 /yle 0 full (       
affectation & conceits4  ,claudius      
suff]$ f ! same passion = becom+ an     
au?or1 & compos$ sev]al books ( hi/ory1 
z well z memoirs ( 8 own life1 & ^! 7   
read 9 public1 = ! fri5dly circle 0 too 
n>r[ = 8 ambition4  ,he also inv5t$ ?ree
 lett]s1 :i* he suppos$ 7 necess>y = !  
p]fection ( ! alphabet1 & he wrote a    
pamphlet on ! subject1 be=e assum+ !    
purple4 #cbd ,aft] hav+ become emp]or1  
he en=c$ _! use4 ,he wrote also1 9      
,greek1 tw5ty books ( ,tyrian1 & eight (
 ,c>?ag9ian hi/ory1 :i* 7 read publicly 
e ye> 9 ,alex&ria4 ,n]o compos$ v]ses1  
,domitian a treatise on hair-dress+1    
,adrian 8 own life2 ,m>cus ,aurelius    
wrote 8 comm5t>ies1 :i* are lo/1 & 8    
moral reflections1 & lett]s to ,fronto1 
:i* are /ill extant4 ,julian ! ,apo/ate 
0 ! au?or ( a curi\s "w1 ! ,misopogon1  

or ,foe to ! ,be>d1 a clev] & witty     
squib direct$ aga9/ ! effem9ate         
inhabitants ( ,antio*4 ,a few passages f
 ?is "w w n be out ( place4  ,i beg9 at 
my face1 :i* is want+ 9 all t is        
agreeable1 noble1 & good2 s ,i1 morose &
 old1 h tack$ on to x ?is long be>d1 to 
puni% x = its ugl9ess4 ,9 ?is d5se be>d 
p]haps little insects /roll1 z d bea/s 9
 a =e/2 ,i leave !m alone4 ,?is be>d    
con/ra9s me to eat & to dr9k ) ! utmo/  
circumspection1 or ,i %\ld infallibly   
make a mess ( x4 ,z good luck w h x1 ,i 
am n giv5 to kiss+1 or to receiv+       
kisses1 = a be>d l m9e is inconv5i5t on 
t head1 z x does n all[ ! contact (     
lips4 4444 ,y say t y c\ld tw9e ropes   
out ( my be>d2 try x1 only take c>e t ! 
r\ghness ( ! hair does n take ! sk9 (f  
y\r s(t & delicate h&s4  ,val5t9ian ,i4 
is said to h emulat$ ,ausonius 9        
lic5ti\s poetry4  ,( ! lat] emp]ors "s h
 obta9$ celebrity by _! writ+s4  ,leo   
,,vi41 surnam$ ! ,wise1 0 ! au?or ( a v 
int]e/+ & preci\s treatise on ! art (   

w>f>e4 ,he also compos$ "s prophecies1  
suffici5tly obscure to make ! ,greeks 9 
aft] ages f9d !m apply to v>i\s ev5ts z 
!y occurr$4 ,con/ant9e ,,vi4 0 also an  
em95t contributor to lit]ature4 ,?is    
pr9ce _h be5 e>ly kept f public affairs 
by 8 uncle ,alex&]1 & 8 "m ,zoe1 s t he 
_h s\ght pleasure & employm5t 9 /udy4   
,aft] hav+ collect$ an enorm\s libr>y1  
:i* he ?rew op5 to ! public1 he employ$ 
bo? himself & num]\s scribes 9 mak+     
collections ( extracts f ! pr9cipal     
classic au?ors4 ,! mo/ important ( ^!1 &
 t to :i* he atta*$ 8 own "n1 consi/$ ( 
a mass ( *oice fragm5ts1 ga!r$ into     
fifty-?ree books4 ,?is va/ "w is lo/1   
toge!r ) _m ( ! books cit$1 except only 
two p>ts3 "o treat+ ( embassies1 ! o!r (
 virtues & vices4 ,con/ant9e also wrote 
a curi\s geographical acc\nt ( !        
prov9ces ( ! ,greek empire1 a treatise  
on ! adm9i/ration ( gov]nm5t1 & ano!r on
 ! c]emonies obs]v$ 9 ! ,byzant9e ,c\rt2
 a life ( ! ,emp]or ,basil1 an acc\nt ( 
! fam\s image ( ,edessa1 & a few o!r    

trifles4  ,let u n[ turn to ! ,fr5*     
mon>*s1 & we %all f9d t !y began e>ly to
 take ! p5 9 h&2 &1 un=tunately1 ! v    
fir/ royal lit]>y "w 9 ,france 0 a      
blund]4 ,k+ ,*ilp]ic wrote a treatise on
 ! ,tr9ity1 "u ! impression t he _h a   
gift = !ological def9ition1 & he        
signaliz$ 8 error by ass]t+ t ! ^w p]son
 %\ld n be us$ 9 speak+ ( ! ?ree memb]s 
( ! ,tr9ity4 ,hav+ burn$ 8 f+]s by t\*+ 
!ology1 ! semi-b>b>ian k+ attempt$      
poetry ) l success4 ,b 8 pret5sions did 
n end !re4 ,he add$ ! ,greek lett] u to 
! ,lat9 alphabet1 & ?ree *>act]s ( 8 own
 inv5tion1 s z to introduce into t      
language c]ta9 ,teutonic s\nds4 ,he s5t 
ord]s1 writes ,gregory ( ,t\rs1 into e  
city ( 8 k+dom1 t all *ildr5 %\ld be    
taught 9 ?is mann]1 & t anci5t writt5   
books %\ld be effac$1 & rewritt5 9 ! new
 /yle4  ,! great & wise ,*>lemagne1     
p]ceiv+ ! glories ( 8 native tongue1 & !
 beauties ( 8 national poetry1 c>efully 
collect$ ! ,teutonic national poems1 &  
comm5c$ a gramm> ( ! language4 ,rob]t   

,,ii4 #cbe 0 n only a s*ol>1 b a        
musician2 he compos$ "s ( ! ,lat9 hymns 
/ill 9 use 9 ! ,*ur*1 ) _! accompany+   
melodies4 ,8 que51 ,con/antia1 see+ him 
engag$ on 8 sacr$ poetry1 "o day1 9     
joke1 ask$ him to write some?+ 9 memory 
( h]4 ,he at once compos$ ! hymn1 ,o    
con/antia m>tyrum1 :i* ! que51 n und]/&+
 ,lat91 b he>+ h] "n occurr+ 9 ! fir/   
l9e1 suppos$ to be a poem 9 h] honor4   
,l\is ,,xi4 is suppos$ to h contribut$  
to ! ,c5t ,n\velles n\velles1 :i*       
collection1 h[ev] mu* cr$it x may d him 
9 a lit]>y po9t ( view1 is inexcusably  
want+ 9 dec5cy4  ,a volume ( poems by   
,francis ,i4 exi/s 9 ,,ms4 9 ! ,imp]ial 
,libr>y4 ,x conta9s1 among o!r int]e/+  
matt]1 a prose lett]1 & ano!r 9 v]se1   
writt5 f 8 prison to "o ( 8 mi/resses4  
,! k+ 0 bad 9 8 or?ography1 z may be    
judg$ f ! foll[+ portion ( a lett]      
writt5 by him to 8 "m at ! rais+ ( !    
siege ( ,mezi]es3--  ,madame1 t\t       
ase!ure 7a cette heure71 yn sy 7a9si7   
que je me v\loys mettre o lyt 7au lit71 

e/ aryce 7arrive7 ,laval1 lequel m'a    
aporte la s]t5ete 7c]titude7 deu        
levemant du syege de ,mesy]es4  ,i      
presume a s*oolboy w\ld be :ipp$ if he  
wrote z bad a lett] z ?is k+4  ,l\is    
,,xiii4 _h1 says 8 epitaph1 a hundr$    
virtues ( a valet1 n "o ( a ma/]2 b he  
c\ld write sonnets1 & compose ! music = 
!m4 ,! be/1 p]haps1 is t compos$ on1 or 
=1 ,madame de ,haute=t1--        ,tu    
crois1 bean soleil6   ,qu'a ton eclat   
ri5 n'e/ p>eil2       ,mais quoi6 tu    
palis       ,aupres d',am>yllis1  --set 
to music :i* is *>m+4 ,b ,l\is ,,xiii4 0
 m ( a b>b]1 g>d5]1 pa/rycook1 & f>m]1  
?an an au?or4  ,l\is ,,xiv41 beside 8   
translation ( ,caes>'s ,comm5t>ies1     
,book ,i41 compos$ ,memoires hi/oriques1
 politiques1 et militaires2 b 8 writ+s 7
 n rem>kable1 z 8 education _h be5 s    
neglect$ by 8 "m & ,maz>91 t1 accord+ to
 ,la ,porte1 8 valet1 he 0 n all[$ to h 
! hi/ory ( ,france read to him1 ev5 = ! 
sake ( s5d+ him to sleep4  ,l\is ,,xv4  
wrote a little treatise on ! c\rse ( !  

riv]s ( ,europe1 & pr9t$ x ) 8 own h&s4 
,x consi/$ ( sixty-two pages1 & conta9$ 
no?+ :i* 0 n p]fectly well kn[n be=e1 z1
 = in/ance1 t ! ,?ames ran into ! ,nor? 
,sea or ,g]man ,ocean1 & t ! ,rhone     
actually fell into ! ,m$it]ranean4 ,9   
#agff appe>$ a description ( ! =e/ (    
,compiegne1 & guide to ! =e/1 by ,l\is1 
aft]w>d ,l\is ,,xvi41 compos$ by !      
un=tunate pr9ce at ! age ( twelve4      
,l\is ,,xviii4 wrote an acc\nt ( a      
j\rney f ,p>is to ,cobl5tz1 :i* 0       
publi%$ 9 #ahbc4  ,?is "w 0 full (      
inaccuracies & mi/akes1 s t x became !  
prey ( critics4  ,f9ally1 ,napoleon ,i4 
wrote mu*1 b n 9 ! way ( bookmak+1 ?\gh 
he began a hi/ory ( ,corsica1 :i* rema9$
 9 ,,ms4 ,8 writ+s h be5 collect$ &     
publi%$ 9 five volumes1 "u ! title1     
,o,euvres de ,napoleon ,bonap>te4 #hvo4 
#ahba4  ----  #cbf  ,f ,! ,lamp4        
,,hi/ory ,,( ,a ,,bl9d ,,deaf-,,mute4   
,,translat$ ,,f ,,! ,,fr5* ,,( ,m4      
,,c>ton1 ,,head ,,( ,,! ,,in/itute ,,=  
,,! ,,deaf ,,& ,,dumb ,,at ,,bruges1    

,,by ,,cecilia ,,caddell4   ,anna1 !    
deaf1 dumb1 & bl9d girl1 ^: /ory ,i am  
ab\t to relate1 0 born at ,o/5d1 ( poor 
b hone/ p>5ts1 9 ! ye> #ahah4 ,%e 0 bl9d
 f h] bir?1 b dur+ ! fir/ ye>s ( h]     
infancy appe>$ to h "s s5se ( he>+4     
,?is1 un=tunately1 soon vani%$1 leav+ h]
 bl9d1 deaf1 & dumb2 "o ( ! ?ree p]sons 
?us trebly afflict$ exi/+ at ?is mom5t 9
 ! prov9ce ( ,we/ ,fl&]s4 ,los+ bo? h]  
p>5ts :ile /ill an infant1 %e 0 br\ght  
up by h] gr&mo!r1 :o receiv$ aid = !    
purpose f ! ,commission des ,hospices ( 
! t[n4 ,to ! good (fices ( ^! g5tlem5 %e
 is likewise indebt$ = ! education %e   
has s9ce receiv$2 = :5 ,i fir/ propos$  
tak+ h] into my e/abli%m5t1 bo? h] aunt 
& h] gr&mo!r 7 mo/ unwill+ to "p ) h]1  
fe>+1 v naturally1 t /rang]s w\ld nev]  
give h] ! affectionate c>e :i*1 9 h]    
helpless condition1 %e s abundantly     
requir$2 !y only yield$ at la/ to !     
repres5tations & entreaties ( _!        
*>itable fri5ds4 ,_! love = ?is poor    
*ild1 :o c\ld nev] h be5 any?+ b an     

anxiety & exp5se to !m1 0 inde$ mo/     
t\*+2 & !y wept bitt]ly :5 !y p>t$ f h]2
 decl>+1 9 _! simple b expressive       
language1 t ,i 0 tak+ away f !m ! bless+
 ( _! h\se4 ,!y 7 soon satisfi$1 h[ev]1 
t !y _h act$ = ! be/2 & hav+ once       
conv9c$ !mselves ( h] improvem5t bo? 9  
heal? & happ9ess1 !y nev]1 to ! day ( _!
 dea?1 ceas$ to rejoice at ! decision   
:i* !y _h come to 9 h] reg>d4 ,:5 ,anna 
0 fir/ entru/$ to my c>e1 h] relations1 
& e "o else :o knew h]1 suppos$ h] to be
 an idiot1 & ?is _h be5 _! pr9cipal     
reason = oppos+ me 9 my fir/ ef=ts = h] 
in/ruction4 ,poor !mselves & ignorant1 &
 e>n+ _! bread by ! labor ( _! own h&s1 
!y _h _h nei!r "t nor ?\ght to be/[ on !
 developm5t ( ?is intellect1 clos$ z x 0
 aga9/ all ! m ord9>y me?ods (          
in/ruction2 & ! *ild _h be5 left1 (     
necessity1 to h] own res\rces =         
occupation & amusem5t4 ,few1 inde$1 &   
trivial ^! res\rces 76 ,bl9d1 & fe>+ ev5
 to move )\t assi/ance2 deaf1 &         
incapable ( he>+ a syllable ( !         

conv]sation t 0 go+ on ar\nd h]2 dumb1 &
 unable to communicate h] mo/ press+    
wants save by t une>?ly & unwill+ cry   
:i* ! deaf mutes are compell$ to resort 
to1 l animals 9 ! mom5t ( _! utmo/      
ne$1--! *ild _h rema9$ day aft] day     
seat$ 9 ! same corn] ( ! cottage4 ,kn[+ 
no?+ ( ! bright sun%9e1 or ! gre5 field1
 or ! sweet smell ( fl[]s2 no?+ ( !     
sports ( *ildhood or its tasks2 night ! 
same z day 9 h] e/imation1 except+ = its
 sleep2 w9t] only di/+ui%$ f summ] by ! 
%>p] air )\t1 & ! increas$ heat ( !     
wood-pil$ fire )9--no wond] t %e seem$  
an idiot4 ,h] only amusem5t--! only ?+  
approa*+ to occupation :i* h] fri5ds _h 
be5 able to procure h]--consi/$1 at     
fir/1 9 a /r+ ( glass beads4 ,^! ,anna  
amus$ h]self by tak+ (f & #cbg putt+ on 
aga9 at lea/ tw5ty times a day2 & ?is & 
! poor meals1 :i* %e seem$ to take )\t  
appetite or pleasure1 7 ! only breaks 9 
! twelve long h\rs ( h] solit>y days4   
,"s *>itable p]son at la/ made h] a     
pres5t ( a doll2 & ) ?is doll %e play$1 

aft] h] own fa%ion1 until %e 0 tw5ty    
ye>s ( age4 ,%e nev]1 9 fact1 lo/ h]    
ta/e = x until %e _h succe$$ 9 le>n+ to 
knit2 !n x 0 ca/ f h] ) disda91 & %e    
nev] aft]w>d recurr$ to x = amusem5t4   
,not)/&+ h] en=c$ inaction1 %e manag$ to
 te> h] clo!s cont9ually4 ,p]haps1 poor 
*ild1 %e f\nd "s relief f ! t$ium ( h]  
daily life 9 ?is semblance ( an         
occupation1 = %e _h an insup]able       
objection to *ang+ h] tatt]$ g>m5ts2 & x
 0 a long "t be=e we c\ld induce h] to d
 s ) a good grace4 ,once1 h[ev]1        
accu/om$ to ! *ange1 %e seem$ to take   
pleasure 9 x1 delight$ 9 new clo!s1 &   
us$ (t5 to come ( h] own accord to beg t
 ! old ones might be wa%$4 ,!re 0 no?+ v
 prepossess+ 9 h] ext]nal appe>ance2 at 
fir/ x 0 almo/ repulsive4 ,%e 0 ( !     
ord9>y height ( a girl ( h] age2 b h]   
h&s 7 small & ?91 f want ( use1 z ^? ( a
 little *ild4 ,:5 %e fir/ came to my    
e/abli%m5t h] head 0 b[$ d[n on h] neck 
f weakness2 %e _h sore eyes2 h] face 0  
cov]$ ) a cutane\s eruption2 %e walk$ ) 

difficulty1 & appe>$ to dislike !       
ex]tion excessively4 ,aft]w>d1 c>e &    
good fe$+ improv$ h] v mu*4 ,%e acquir$ 
/r5g?2 & ! sk9 disease :i* _h be5 h]    
*ief disfigurem5t entirely disappe>$4 ,i
 h no int5tion ( describ+ all t %e did &
 said 7by signs71 or all ! pa9s & tr\ble
 t %e co/ u 9 ! e>ly mon?s ( h] resid5ce
 among u4 ,dur+ t "t1 h[ev]1 ,i kept a  
j\rnal ( h] conduct2 :i*1 z a hi/ory (  
h] m5tal developm5t1 is s curi\s1 t ,i  
v5ture to lay "s extracts f x be=e my   
read]s1 ! rema9d] be+ res]v$ = future   
publication4  ,i mu/ beg9 by expla9+ my 
ideas z to ! prop] me?od to be pursu$ 9 
in/ruct+ ^! un=tunates4 ,i try1 9 ! fir/
 place1 to put myself 9 ! place ( a     
p]son deaf1 bl9d1 & dumb2 & !n ask      
myself1 ,:at d ,i "k1 :at c ,i "k1 9 su*
 a /ate8 ,9 my fir/ c\rse ( in/ruction1 
!re=e1 ,i make x a rule nev] to give !  
^w until c]ta9 t ! ?+ :i* t ^w expresses
 has be5 cle>ly und]/ood4 ,9 ! case (   
,anna !re 0 an additional difficulty4 ,n
 only _h %e no' preconceiv$ idea ( ! use

 or nature ( a ^w1 b h] bl9dness prev5t$
 h] see+ ! connection betwe5 x & !      
sub/ance x 0 int5d$ to repres5t4 ,nor   
w\ld x be suffici5t = h] full in/ruction
 t %e %\ld le>n by ! t\* to di/+ui% "o  
^w f ano!r2 %e w\ld also require to be  
taught ! elem5ts ( :i* words 7 !mselves 
compos$4 ,if ,i began by giv+ h] words  
alone1 %e w\ld nev] h le>n$ to di/+ui%  
lett]s4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 ,i comm5c$ )  
lett]s1 )\t atta*+ any especial idea to 
!m1 %e w\ld h be5 disgu/$1 & h left (f  
at ! second lesson4 ,a lett]1 9 fact1   
w\ld h be5 no?+ b a lett] to h]2 = !re  
w\ld be no means ( mak+ h] compreh5d t x
 0 b ! fir/ /ep t[>d ! k ,i 0 desir\s ( 
imp>t+4 ,i resolv$1 !re=e1 nei!r to try 
lett]s by !mselves nor :ole words 9 !   
fir/ lesson :i* ,i gave h]4 ,x 0 9 !    
,flemi% language1 ( c\rse2 b ! me?od ,i 
pursu$ w\ld be equally applicable to any
 o!r4  ,9 ord] to give1 at "o & ! same  
mom5t1 ! d\ble idea ( a lett] & a ^w1 ,i
 *ose a lett] :i* _h "s resemblance to !
 =m ,i int5d$ x to express1 & gave x !  

significance ( an entire ^w4 ,= #cbh ?is
 purpose ,i fix$ ^u ! lett] ,o1 & made  
h] und]/& t ?is lett] signifi$ m\?1 9   
fact x is "o ( ! f\r lett]s :i* express 
! ^w 9 ,flemi%--mond1 m\?4 ,aft]w>d ,i  
took a d\ble o7#jj71 :i* are ! fir/     
lett]s 9 ! ,flemi%1 oog1 eye4 ,"o ,o1   
!n1 signifi$ m\?2 two meant eyes4 ,!    
lesson 0 easy2 %e caught x 9 a mom5t2 & 
?us1 ) two words & two ideas atta*$ to  
!m1 h] diction>y 0 comm5c$4 ,x 0 q      
possible1 h[ev]1 t z ^! lett]s          
repres5t$1 to a c]ta9 ext5t1 ! objects (
 :i* !y 7 ! expression1 %e might fall   
into ! error ( suppos+ t all lett]s did 
! same2 & 9 ord] to prev5t ?is mi/ake1  
,i imm$iately add$ ! lett] ,r to h]     
collection4  ,?is n only became a new   
acquisition = h] diction>y1 b1 by =m+ ) 
! two previ\s lett]s ! ,flemi% ^w oor   
7e>71 x became an easy transition betwe5
 ! natural expression dep5d5t on ! =m1  
:i* %e _h already acquir$1 & ! arbitr>y1
 dep5d5t on ! spell+1 :i* x 0 my object 
%e %\ld acquire4 ,proce$+ on ?is        

pr9ciple1 & always tak+ c>e to comm5ce !
 lesson f a po9t already kn[n1 we less5$
 ! difficulties1 & made rapid progress4 
,a cap1 an apron1 a ribbon1 or g[n1     
always int]e/ ! sex2 &1 l any o!r girl1 
,anna valu$ !m extremely4 ,i took c>e   
likewise (t5 to *oose words expressive (
 any?+ %e lik$1 especially to eat2 & x 0
 by ! prop] use ( ^! words t %e fir/    
conv9c$ me h[ completely %e _h seiz$ ^u 
! mean+ ( my lessons4 ,:5ev] %e 0       
desir\s ( obta9+ any little da9ty1 %e   
us$ to po9t to ! ^w 9 h] collection2 & (
 c\rse x 0 giv5 to h] imm$iately4 ,poor 
*ild6 h] joy1 :5 %e f\nd %e c\ld really 
make h]self und]/ood1 0 v t\*+2 & h]    
surprise 0 ne>ly equal to h] joy4  ,a   
p]son born bl9d does n naturally make   
signs2 = a sign addresses itself to !   
sight1 & ( ! faculty ( sight !y h no    
conception4 ,a sign 9 relief1 h[ev]--a  
sign :i* !y c di/+ui% by ! t\*1 & by    
means ( :i* !y c communicate ) _!       
fell[-m5--mu/ come to ^! b5ight$        
intellig5ces l a message ( m]cy f ,god  

himself4 ,we always gave ,anna ! object1
 9 ord] to make h] compreh5d ! ^w--!    
sub/ance1 to expla9 ! sub/antive4 ,"o   
day1 n long aft] h] arrival1 h]         
in/ructress gave h] ! ^w egg1 plac+ "o  
at ! same "t be=e h]2 & ,anna imm$iately
 made signs t %e wi%$ to eat x4 ,%e (f]$
 me at ! same mom5t a small piece (     
money1 :i* "s "o _h giv5 h]1 z if = !   
purpose ( buy+ ! food4 ,! b>ga9 0 made  
at once2 & %e ate ! egg1 :ile ,i pocket$
 ! money4 ,i q expect$ %e w\ld try ?is  
ov] aga91 = %e _h "s money1 & 0 fond (  
eggs4 ,! v next day1 9 fact1 %e se>*$ ! 
^w out 9 h] vocabul>y1 & br\ght x to h] 
in/ructress1 ) an air t q expla9$ h]    
mean+4 ,i plac$ an egg be=e h]2 %e t\*$ 
x--t\*$ ! ^w2 coax$ & patt$ ! egg2 & at 
la/ bur/ into a fit ( laught]1 caus$1 no
 d\bt1 by pleasant a/oni%m5t at hav+ s  
easily obta9$ h] wi%4 ,i hop$ & expect$ 
t %e w\ld propose to pur*ase1 = ,i 0    
anxi\s to f9d out if %e _h any real     
notion ( ! use ( money4 ,my hopes 7     
fulfill$1 = %e (f]$ at once h] price (  

two c5times1 ) ! evid5t int5tion ( mak+ 
a pur*ase4 ,mu* to h] a/oni%m5t1 h[ev]1 
?is "t ,i took bo? ! money & ! egg4 ,at 
fir/ %e laugh$1 evid5tly ?9k+ t ,i 0    
only jok+4 ,i gave h] "t to compreh5d t 
,i 0 s]i\s1 & t1 hav+ tak5 bo?1 ,i meant
 to keep !m4 ,%e acquiesc$ at la/ )     
reg>d to ! egg2 x 0 m9e1 & ,i _h a "r to
 keep x if ,i lik$2 b %e 0 indignant t  
,i did n return ! money4 ,%e ask$ = x 9 
#cbi e way %e 0 capable ( ask+1 & grew  
at la/ bo? r$ & angry at ! delay4 ,i _h 
tri$ h] suffici5tly4 ,x 0 high "t to    
prove myself an hone/ man2 s ,i gave h] 
back h] money1 & %e re/or$ me to h] good
 graces4 ,i 0 happy inde$ to f9d s cle> 
a s5se ( ju/ice1 s complete a k ( !     
value ( m9e & ?9e1 9 a creature s       
defective 9 h] animal organization4     
,once 9 possession ( a little /ock (    
words1 ,anna 0 nev] we>y ( augm5t+ x1 & 
%e soon f\nd out a way ( compell+ u1    
almo/1 to satisfy h] wi%4 ,%e w\ld take 
! h& ( h] mi/ress1 & ) x imitate !      
action ( writ+1 by mak+ po9ts ^u ! pap] 

) ! f+]4 ,if h] wi%es 7 compli$ )1 %e 0 
delight$2 b if1 to try h]1 ! mi/ress    
pret5d$ to hesitate1 !n ,anna took !    
matt] into h] own h&s1 & positively     
refus$ to d any?+ else4 ,e o!r employm5t
 sugge/$ to h] w\ld be indignantly      
reject$1 & %e w\ld p]si/ 9 ask+ ov] &   
ov] aga9 = ! ^w %e want$1 nev] re/+ or  
lett+ any "o else re/ until %e got x4 ,!
 nuns1 ( c\rse1 always end$ by comply+ )
 h] desires2 & x w\ld be h>d to say :i* 
felt mo/ delight1--! bl9d girl1 :o _h   
succe$$ 9 add+ to h] small /ock ( k1 or 
! religi\s1 :o by ! aid ( ,provid5ce _h 
enabl$ h] to d s4  ,a "m :o he>s = !    
fir/ "t ! l[ /amm]+ ( h] *ild c alone =m
 a conception ( all "o feels at su* a   
mom5t1 = ,god is v good2 & :5 he impos$ 
^u society ! task ( in/ruct+ ! ignorant1
 he atta*$ an ineffable delight to !    
accompli%m5t ( t duty4  ,:5 ,anna knew  
h[ to read & und]/& ab\t =ty            
sub/antives1 ,i taught h] ! manual      
alphabet1 & f t mom5t ,i c\ld te/ h] k )
 unfail+ exactitude4 ,%e fir/ read ! ^w 

) h] f+]s1 & !n repeat$ x by means ( !  
dactology2 x 0 a lesson 9 read+ & writ+ 
bo?4 ,%e 0 soon suffici5tly advanc$ to  
v5ture ^u v]bs4 ,i began ) ! imp]ative  
mood2 n only because x is ! simple/ =m (
 ! v]b1 b also because ,i myself w\ld h 
to use x 9 giv+ h] ! lesson4 ,%e seiz$ )
 wond]ful facility ^u ! relative        
positions ( ! sub/antive & v]b4  ,i     
always made h] p]=m ! action signifi$ by
 ! v]b :i* %e _h le>n$1 & ?us ! lesson  
became q an amusem5t to h]4 ,h[ev] silly
 9 appe>ance might be ! association     
betwe5 ! v]b & sub/antive1 %e nev] fail$
 to appreh5d x2 & :5 told to d any?+    
ridicul\s or out ( ! common way1 %e     
enjoy$ ! fun1 & nev] fail$ to execute ! 
commission to ! be/ ( h] ability4 ,if ,i
 told h] to walk ^u ! table1 %e w\ld    
take (f h] %oes1 climb up1 & walk       
cauti\sly ^u x2 if told to eat ! *air1  
aft] a m9ute's hesitation z to ! be/    
mann] ( comply+ ) ! ord]1 %e w\ld take x
 up & pret5d to dev\r x4 ,"o day %e 0   
t]ribly emb>rass$ by "s "o writ+ !      

foll[+ phrase3 ,?r[ y\r head on ! floor4
 ,%e read ! s5t5ce ov] & ov] aga9 to    
make sure t %e 0 n mi/ak51 laugh$ v mu*1
 & !n sudd5ly gr[+ s]i\s1 %ook h] head1 
z mu* z to say1 ! ?+ 0 absolutely       
impossible4 ,at la/1 h[ev]1 & z if to   
f9i% ! bus9ess1 %e took h] head 9 bo? h]
 h&s1 & made a ge/ure1 z if to fl+ x on 
! floor4 ,hav+ done ?is1 %e evid5tly    
felt t no?+ m c\ld be expect$ f h]1 &   
%[$ h]self bo? pleas$ & pr\d at hav+    
und]/ood ! phrase1 & f\nd s easy a me?od
 ( gett+ out ( ! difficulty4  ,%e       
di/+ui%$ v readily betwe5 ! v]bs to lay 
d[n & to ?r[ d[n1 cle>ly compreh5d+ t ! 
"o action 0 to be #ccj done ) vivacity1 
! o!r ) caution2 & x 0 curi\s to wat* h]
 p]plexity :5 comm&$ to ?r[ d[n any?+   
liable to be brok54 ,%e knew well :at   
w\ld be ! consequ5ce ( ! comm&1 & y c\ld
 see ! que/ion+ t w5t on 9 h] own m9d z 
to h[ x c\ld be accompli%$ ) lea/ damage
 to ! article 9 "q4 ,%e w\ld beg9 by    
feel+ all along ! gr\nd1 & try+ to =m an
 exact idea ( ! di/ance x w\ld h to     

fall2 & !n at la/ %e w\ld ?r[ x d[n ) a 
mixture ( c>e & yet ( caution1 :i* %[$  
%e 0 p]fectly aw>e ( ! mis*ief %e 0 do+4
  ,! mom5t %e ?or\ghly und]/ood !       
imp]ative1 we _h only to add h] "n or t 
( "o ( ! si/]s to produce ! indicative2 
& !n1 by *ang+ ,anna into ,i1 %e pass$  
easily to ! pron\ns1 z ?us3 ,/rike !    
table2 ,anna /rikes ! table2 ,i /rike ! 
table4 ,i _h at fir/ omitt$ ! article2 b
 ,i soon p]ceiv$ my mi/ake4 ,we h no    
means ( tea*+ a deaf-mute ! reason =    
prec$+ a sub/antive by an article2 &    
/ill m impossible w\ld x be to give any 
plausible explanation ( ! di/9ction     
betwe5 ! g5d]s4 ,habit does ?is = ea* ( 
u :5 we le>n our "m tongue2 & habit &   
frequ5t repetition did x s well = ,anna1
 t n[ %e r>ely1 if ev]1 makes any       
mi/ake4  ,:5 %e _h advanc$ ?us f>1 ,i   
made h] obs]ve t by add+ ! lett]s en1   
:i* con/itute our ,flemi% plural1 sev]al
 ( ! same sort ( sub/antives 7 int5d$ to
 be express$2 & pass+ f ?is to numb]s1  
,i gave h] a lesson 9 num]ation4 ,%e    

readily seiz$ ^u bo? ideas2 & con/ant   
practice soon made h] p]fect 9 _!       
application4  ,v]bs su* z jet]1 to ?r[  
d[n1 pos]1 to lay d[n1 naturally        
introduc$ ! use ( prepositions to       
express ! mode 9 :i* ! v]b acts ^u !    
sub/antive4 ,?is enabl$ me to make v>i\s
 comb9ations ) words kn[n to h] already2
 & ,i f\nd x ( great use to place ! same
 ^w 9 su* diff]5t positions 9 a phrase z
 to alt] entirely1 or at lea/ modify1 ! 
mean+4  ,! la/ lesson :i* %e receiv$ 0  
to make use ( & und]/& ! mean+ ( !      
pron\ns my1 y\r1 our1 & ! conjunction &4
 ,we h also made h] compreh5d ! use &   
mean+ ( adjectives expressive ( =ms1 z  
squ>e1 r\nd1 etc41 z well z ! physical &
 m5tal /ate ( be+ impli$ 9 ! words good1
 bad1 sick1 well1 etc4 ,%e makes su*    
phrases z ! foll[+1 & reads !m easily :5
 !y are giv5 to h] 9 writ+3 ,give me my 
knitt+2 ,my "w is on ! table2 ,my apron 
is squ>e4  ,"o la/ obs]vation ,i mu/    
make ab\t ! pron\ns4 ,! ?ird p]son s+ul>
 or plural w\ld h be5 difficult to      

,anna1 s9ce1 be+ bl9d1 %e c\ld n h      
di/+ui%$ :e!r ! action spok5 ( _h be5   
done by "o p]son or by sev]al2 by him1 9
 fact1 or by !y4 ,! pron\ns :i* %e c mo/
 readily compreh5d are ! fir/ & second2 
& to ^! ,i g5]ally conf9e h]4 ,= he or  
!y ,i h sub/itut$ "o3 ,"o /rikes !      
table4  ,anna might h be5 taught ! o!rs2
 b %e w\ld (t5 probably h be5 mi/ak5 9  
_! application1 & w\ld p]haps h end$ by 
suppos+ t !re 0 no positive rule 9 _!   
reg>d1 & t !y might be us$ z x 7 at     
r&om4  ,p only le>n will+ly :at !y c    
cle>ly compreh5d2 & if *ildr5 dislike   
in/ruction1 ! fault is almo/ always ) ! 
ma/]4 ,if ! latt] w\ld b br+ 8          
intellig5ce to ! level ( 8 pupils1 he   
might be almo/ c]ta9 ( _! att5tion4  ,to
 sum up ! :ole1 ,i w give ! ord] 9 :i*  
,i taught h] ! diff]5t p>ts ( spee*     
necess>y = ! k ( a language4 ,!         
sub/antive1 because1 be+ itself an      
object1 x falls m imm$iately b5ea? !    
#cca recognition ( ! s5ses2 ! v]b1      
because by ! v]b alone we speak1 & )\t x

 !re c\ld be no language2 ! preposition1
 because x indicates ! nature ( ! action
 express$ by ! v]b2 & f9ally1 !         
adjective & ! adv]b4 ,i _h _m reasons = 
keep+ back ^! two la/ to ! end4 ,nei!r (
 !m is ess5tial to a phrase :i* c be    
complete )\t !m4 ,anna w\ld h be5 mu*   
ret>d$ 9 h] progress if ,i _h /opp$ to  
tea* h] ! attributes ( words1 :5 words  
!mselves 7 :at %e want$4 ,%e c\ld le>n  
language only by use & habit2 & x 0 ( ! 
highe/ importance t %e %\ld acquire t   
habit z spe$ily z possible4 ,i ?rew     
aside1 !re=e1 )\t hesitation1 all t c\ld
 emb>rass h] progress1 & conf9$ myself1 
9 ! fir/ in/ance1 to su* ?+s z x 0      
absolutely ess5tial %e %\ld "k1 9 ord]  
to be able to conv]se at all4 ,x may be 
ask$ :y ,i taught h] to make phrases by 
means ( :ole words1 in/ead ( giv+ h] !  
lett]s ( ! alphabet & tea*+ h] to make  
words !mselves4 ,! result ( ! mode ,i   
did adopt mu/ be my answ]4 ,anna has    
already a cle> idea ( language2 all h]  
acquisitions 9 ! way ( words are class$ 

9 h] m9d z 9 a diction>y1 & ready to    
come =? at a mom5t's notice4 ,! reason =
 ?is rapid progress is v pla94 ,x is f> 
less tr\blesome to take a :ole ^w1 & put
 x 9 ! grammatical ord] x ought to      
occupy1 ?an to be oblig$ to make ! ^w   
itself by means ( sep>ate lett]s4 ,%e _h
 ne$ ( all h] att5tion to le>n ! elem5ts
 ( a phrase2 & x w\ld h be5 imprud5t to 
weak5 t att5tion by direct+ x also to   
le>n ! elem5ts ( words4 ,i divid$       
difficulties 9 ord] to ov]come !m3 ?is 0
 ! secret ( my me?od1 & ! cause ( its   
success4 ,my lessons 7 also almo/ or    
entirely an amusem5t to h]2 & sometimes 
,i compos$ a phrase :i* %e fir/ read1 & 
act$ aft]w>d4 ,sometimes x 0 ,i :o p]=m$
 ! action1 :ile %e gave me an acc\nt (  
:at ,i _h done 9 writ+4  ,x 0 a lesson  
at once 9 read+ & 9 writ+1 9 he>+ & 9   
speak+2 & ! mom5t we _h got ?us f>1     
communication by means ( language 0     
e/abli%$ betwe5 u4 ,i _h giv5 my lessons
 at fir/ by words or phrases writt5 9 a 
book2 b n[1 to te/ m p]fectly ! k %e _h 

acquir$1 & to prev5t h] read+ becom+ a  
m]e matt] ( =m & guess-"w1 ,i cut all h]
 phrases into words1 gumm$ !m ^u        
c>dbo>d1 & ?rew !m pell-mell into a box1
 f :i* %e _h to take out e sep>ate ^w t 
%e requir$ = a phrase4 ,?is new ex]cise 
vex$ h] v mu* at fir/2 b if x 0 t$i\s1 x
 0 also sure4 ,by degrees %e became     
accu/om$ to x1 & at la/ seem$ to pref] x
 to ! book1 probably because x admitt$ (
 great] facilities = v>y+ h] phrases4   
,nev]!less x 0 tr\blesome "w2 & ,i 0    
curi\s to see if ,anna w\ld seek1 ( h]  
own accord1 to arrange h] words 9 su* a 
way z to avoid ! tr\ble ( hunt+ ?r\gh ! 
:ole mass = e sep>ate "o %e want$4 ,x   
seem$ n unlikely1 = %e 0 v +5i\s2 & s1 9
 fact1 x happ5$4  ,f "t to "t ,i obs]v$ 
t %e put aside c]ta9 words1 & kept !m   
sep>ate f ! o!rs2 & x 0 impossible to   
mi/ake h] exultation :5 ^! select$ words
 7 call$ = 9 h] lesson4 ,( c\rse ,i saw 
!m z %e put !m by2 &1 9 ord] to enc\rage
 h]1 ,i manag$ to introduce !m pretty   
(t5 into our conv]sations4 ,act+ also ^u

 ?is h9t1 ,i _h a draw] divid$ into     
small comp>tm5ts plac$ 9 ! table at :i* 
%e took h] lessons4 ,ea* comp>tm5t 0    
int5d$ = a sep>ate class ( words1 b %e 0
 p]mitt$ to arrange !m accord+ to h] own
 ideas2 & ! mom5t a ^w _h be5 exam9$ &  
und]/ood1 %e plac$ x 9 ! comp>tm5t to   
:i* %e imag9$ x belong$4 ,n\ns1 pron\ns1
 v]bs1 articles--ea* #ccb _h _! sep>ate 
p>tition2 b ,i obs]v$1 ) delight1 t :5  
,i gave h] ! v]b to dr9k1 in/ead ( plac+
 x ) ! o!r v]bs1 %e put x at once into !
 comp>tm5t %e _h de/9$ = liquids4 ,hav+ 
rem>k$ t x 0 always employ$ ) ^!        
sub/antives1 x naturally /ruck h] t its 
prop] place w\ld be among !m4 ,to casual
 obs]v]s ?is may seem b a trifl+ ?+ to  
m5tion1 b x 0 an act ( reason+2 & 9 _!  
half-mutilat$ natures ! :ole p[] (      
in/ruction hangs s entirely on !        
capacity = pass+ by an act ( reason f "o
 fact to ano!r1 f ! kn[n to t :i* is    
/ill unkn[n1 t e indication :i* a pupil 
gives ( possess+ su* capacity is hail$ )
 delight by h] tea*] z an assurance (   

fur!r progress4 ,)\t x he kn[s t        
in/ruction w\ld be impossible4    ,:5   
,anna 0 fir/ introduc$ into my          
e/abli%m5t1 %e evid5tly compreh5d$ t %e 
_h fall5 among /rang]s4 ,%e br\ght u h] 
poor play?+s1 & insi/$ on our exam9+ !m 
att5tively1 = %e 0 a baby /ill2 a baby (
 tw5ty ye>s ( age inde$1 b z anxi\s to  
be c>ess$ & z requir+ ( notice z a *ild 
( two ye>s old4 ,:5 l$ 9 ! ev5+ to h]   
b$side1 %e imm$iately began to undress  
h]self1 & ! next morn+ rose gaily1 %[+  
h]self mu* pleas$ ) ! good b$ 9 :i* %e  
_h pass$ ! night4 ,%e made a little     
incl9ation ( ! head to ! si/] :o wait$  
on h]1 z if to salute h]4 ,at breakfa/  
we obs]v$ t %e ate ) m cleanl9ess &     
propriety ?an is usual among ! bl9d4    
,h] fir/ regul> lesson 0 to knit2 & we  
f\nd x f> less difficult to tea* h] !   
/it* itself ?an to habituate h] to "w   
/eadily = a long "t toge!r4 ,%e _h      
evid5tly no idea ( mak+ x ! regul>      
occupation ( ! day4 ,%e w\ld beg9 by    
knitt+ a little2 !n %e w\ld undo or te> 

up all t 0 already done2 & ?is w\ld     
happ5 regul>ly ov] & ov] aga9 at lea/   
tw5ty times a day4 ,x 0 we>y "w at fir/2
 b aft] a "t we manag$ to turn ?is      
dislike = cont9u\s occupation into a    
means ( tea*+ h] m important ?+s4 ,!    
mom5t %e ?rew aside h] "w1 we took x up1
 & pret5d$ to insi/ ^u h] cont9u+ x2 &  
!n at la/1 :5 we saw t %e 0 q vex$ &    
we>i$ out by our solicitations1 we us$  
to (f] h] h] lett]s4 ,%e w\ld take !m1  
&1 evid5tly to avoid fur!r worry1 beg9  
to /udy !m2 b ! lett]s1 l ! knitt+1 7   
soon flung aside1 & !n ! "w once m 0 put
 into h] h&s4 ,9 ?is way1 & :ile %e     
fanci$ %e 0 only indulg+ 9 h] own       
caprices1 we 7 advanc+ /eadily t[>d our 
object--tra9+ h] to occupation1 & giv+  
h] ! means ( future communication ) h]  
fell[-creatures4 ,we also discov]$ t x 0
 q possible to pique h] out ( h] idle   
habits2 = "o day 9 ! e>li] p]iod ( h]   
education1 :5 %e happ5$ to be m ?an     
usually idle & inatt5tive1 h] mi/ress l$
 h] t[>d a class ( *ildr5 busily employ$

 9 work+1 & said to h] by signs1 ,^!    
little *ildr5 "w2 & y1 :o are twice _!  
size1 d y wi% to sit !re do+ no?+8 ,f t 
"t we _h less tr\ble ) h]2 & once %e _h 
le>n$ to knit well & easily1 ?is k9d (  
"w seem$ to become a positive necessity 
to h]4 ,%e delight$ 9 feel+ ) h] f+]s ! 
progress %e 0 mak+1 & ! ne$les 7 sc>cely
 ev] out ( h] h&s4 ,:5 ,sunday came1 %e 
ask$ z usual = h] knitt+1 & 0 t]ribly   
disappo9t$ :5 %e f\nd t x 0 )held4 ,i   
took ! opportunity to give h] an idea ( 
"t--a v important po9t 9 h] future      
education2 s ,i said to h]1 ,y %all n   
knit to-day2 b aft] hav+ slept once     
m--to-morr[ 9 fact--! ne$les %all be    
giv5 to y aga94 ,i =esaw ?is to be an   
explanation t w\ld ne$ repeat+2 & #ccc  
accord+ly1 ! v next ,sunday1 %e ask$    
aga9 = h] knitt+1 & 0 aga9 refus$4 ,%e 0
 vex$ at fir/1 b grew calm directly ,i  
_h assur$ h] %e %\ld h x on ! morr[4    
,_m weeks aft]w>d1 & :5 %e seem$ q to   
und]/& t "w on ?is day 0 =bidd51 %e came
 ) a v s]i\s c\nt5ance & dem&$ h]       

knitt+2 !n bur/+ into a fit ( laugh+1   
made signs t %e knew %e 0 n to knit on t
 day1 b t to-morr[ %e %\ld h h] "w aga94
 ,%e obta9$ a k ( ! pa/ & future mu*    
soon] ?an %e did ( ! pres5t1 us+ ! signs
 expressive ( ! two fir/ long be=e %e   
made an attempt ev5 at ! latt]4  ,x 0 a 
matt] ( great importance t %e %\ld      
und]/& !m all2 !re=e ,i n only introduc$
 !m ov] & ov] aga9 9 our conv]sations1 9
 ord] to r5d] h] famili> ) !m1 b ,i     
wat*$ h] c>efully to see t %e made a "r 
use ( !m 9 h] communications ) h]       
companions4 ,a circum/ance at la/       
occurr$ :i* satisfi$ me t %e 0 p]fect 9 
! lesson4 ,on ! fea/ ( ,/4 ,aloysius    
,gonzaga %e w5t ) ! o!r *ildr5 to a *ur*
 :]e ! fe/ival 0 be+ celebrat$4 ,on h]  
return %e express$ h] gratitude = !     
pleasure %e _h receiv$1 & ! next morn+  
,i obs]v$ t %e told e "o %e met t       
ye/]day %e _h be5 to su* a *ur*2 :ile ! 
day aft]w>d ,i p]ceiv$ t 9 tell+ ! same 
/ory %e made ! sign ( ye/]day twice     
ov]--a pro( h[ p]fectly %e compreh5d$ ! 

nature & division ( "t4  ,= a long "t   
aft] %e began to reside ) u1 %e nev]    
m5tion$ ei!r h] gr&mo!r or aunt1        
probably because %e 0 s completely      
absorb$ by ! lessons ( h] new exi/5ce z 
to h no "t to ?9k ( !m4 ,gradually1     
h[ev]1 !y came back to h] recollection1 
& !n %e spoke ( !m ) gratitude &        
affection4 ,%e began also to comp>e h]  
pres5t /ate ) h] pa/1 evid5tly consid]+ 
! *ange = ! bett] 9 h] physical & m5tal 
be+ z due to ! c>e t has be5 be/[$ on h]
 "h4 ,%e has tw5ty little ways (        
express+ h] gratitude4 ,my face 0 all   
ov] blot*es1 %e says by signs2 ,i c\ld  
nei!r write nor walk2 n[ ,i c hold      
myself upright1 & ,i c read1 & "k h[ to 
knit4 ,?is consci\sness1 h[ev]1 does n  
at all int]f]e ) h] affection = h]      
gr&mo!r2 & :5 ! old woman di$ %e griev$ 
= "s "t bitt]ly4 ,:at idea does ! ^w    
dea? br+ to ! m9d ( ?is *ild8 ,i "k n2 b
 :5 we told h] ab\t h] gr&mo!r1 h]      
mi/ress made h] lie d[n on ! floor1 & !n
 rem9d$ h] ( a *ild :o _h di$ 9 !       

e/abli%m5t ab\t a ye> be=e2 aft] :i* we 
expla9$ to h] t ! body w\ld be laid 9 ! 
gr\nd1 & be se5 ^u e>? no m4 ,%e wept a 
great deal at fir/2 b sudd5ly dry+ h]   
te>s knelt d[n1 mak+ signs to h] mi/ress
 & companions t !y %\ld d ! same2 &1 t  
!re might be no mi/ake ab\t h] mean+1 %e
 held up h] ros>y1 to %[ !m !y mu/ pray4
 ,%e did n =get h] poor gr&mo!r = a     
consid]able "t1 & e morn+ made x a po9t 
to inquire f h] companions if !y also _h
 rememb]$ h] t day4 ,"o ( h] aunts di$  
ab\t ! same "t1 leav+ to ,anna z a      
legacy a portion ( h] w>drobe4 ,anna's  
att5tion in/antly became conc5trat$ ^u  
?is new acquisition1 & g[ns & h&k]*iefs 
und]w5t a m9ute & se>*+ exam9ation4 ,!  
g[ns pleas$ h] exce$+ly2 s also did "s  
wooll5 pel]9es1 :i* %e in/antly obs]v$  
mu/ be int5d$ = ! w9t]4 ,at t mom5t %e 0
 a complete woman1 ) all a woman's      
innate love ( dress & desire =          
ornam5tation4 ,are !re n also e>-r+s8 %e
 ask$1 anxi\sly2 & be+ answ]$ 9 !       
negative1 %e express$ cle>ly1 by h]     

ge/ures1 t x 0 a pity3 x 0 q a pity4    
#ccd  ,anna soon came to und]/& t ,i 0  
h] ma/]1 & %e atta*$ h]self 9 consequ5ce
 m /rongly to me ?an to any "o else1 =  
%e p]fectly appreciat$ ! s]vice %e has  
receiv$4 ,"o day aft] a lesson1 at :i*  
,i _h kept h] until %e ?or\ghly und]/ood
 x1 %e %[$ h]self m ?an usually         
grateful4 ,%e took my h& & kiss$ x      
repeat$ly1 gratitude & affection beam+ 9
 h] face1 & !n1 draw+ h] mi/ress t[>d   
h]1 %e made h] write1 ,i love ,m4       
,c>ton4 ,i1 on my "p1 0 en*ant$ to f9d t
 %e ?us1 ( h] own accord1 ask$ = words  
to express ! s5tim5ts ( ! he>t2 & ,i    
felt n a little pr\d ( be+ ! object by  
:om ?is lat5t feel+ _h fir/ be5 call$   
into expression4 ,b if ,anna loves me1  
%e also fe>s me4 ,9 ! beg9n+ ( h]       
education1 ,i 0 ! only p]son ab\t h] :o 
_h /r5g? en\gh to prev5t h] scrat*+ or  
kick+--ex]cises to :i* %e 0 r addict$ :5
 put 9 a passion4 ,%e likewise knew t x 
0 ,i :o impos$ any p5ance on h]1 & t :5 
%e 0 compell$ to rema9 )\t h&k]*ief or  

cap 9 ! s*oolroom1 x 0 to ,m4 ,c>ton %e 
0 indebt$ = ! humiliation4 ,"o day1 9 a 
fit ( ang]1 %e tore h] cap2 & h]        
mi/ress1 z soon z %e 0 calm en\gh to    
und]/& h]1 remon/rat$ ) h]1 tell+ h] at 
! same "t t ,i %\ld be in=m$ ( h]       
misde$s4 ,to escape ! puni%m5t :i* %e   
knew mu/ foll[1 %e _h rec\rse to ! o!r  
*ildr51 ackn[l$g$ h] fault to !m1 &     
begg$ !m to kneel d[n & jo9 _! h&s1 9   
ord] to obta9 h] p>don4 ,n "o ( !       
*ildr51 :e!r among ! bl9d or deaf mutes1
 misund]/ood h] signs1 & ?is 0 "o ( !   
actions ( ,anna :i* a/oni%$ me ! mo/4   
,"s "o 0 fooli% en\gh once to tell h] t 
,i 0 go+ away = "s days1 & %e took      
advantage ( ! *ance to behave extremely 
bad4 ,!y made ! sign by :i* %e und]/&s t
 !y mean me1 & by :i* !y g5]ally        
contriv$ to fright5 h] into submission2 
b x 0 all 9 va94 ,%e laugh$ 9 ! face (  
h] mi/ress1 & told h] %e 0 q aw>e t ,i  
%\ld n be back = ?ree days4 ,!y h tak5  
good c>e ev] s9ce n to let h] "k :5 ,i  
am abs5t1 ?\gh x probably w\ld make no  

diff]5ce n[1 = h] "* has completely     
*ang$ s9ce ^? e>ly days1 & x is six     
mon?s at lea/ s9ce %e has indulg$ 9     
any?+ l a fit ( passion4 ,aft] me1 h]   
greate/ affection is res]v$ = my fri5d1 
,m4 ,cauwe4 ,%e is q delight$ :5 he     
comes1 & feels 8 face all ov] to make   
sure t x is he4 ,if %e has a new dress1 
he mu/ feel & rem>k x2 if %e le>ns a new
 phrase1 or a new k9d ( "w1 x mu/ be %[n
 to him imm$iately1 9 ord] t %e may     
receive 8 praise2 & if by any *ance 8   
visit has be5 delay$1 %e is sure to     
p]ceive x1 & to inquire into ! cause ( 8
 abs5ce4  ,anna is also v fond ( all !  
y\ng] deaf & dumb *ildr54 ,%e takes !m  
on h] knees1 c>ries !m 9 h] arms1 pets &
 puni%es !m1 & adopts a g5]al & mo!rly  
air ( k9dness & protection t[>d !m4 ,"o 
( !m ! o!r day happ5$ to be 9 an        
exce$+ly tr\blesome & torm5t+ mood4     
,anna c\ld n keep h] quiet1 or prev5t h]
 teas+2 & at la/1 r ?an lose h] temp]1 &
 /rike h]1 z %e w\ld =m]ly h done1 %e   
left h] usual place1 & w5t to sit at !  

opposite side ( ! room4 ,9 fact1 %e nev]
 n[ attempts to attack any ( h]         
companions1 ?\gh %e does n fail 9 "s way
 or o!r to pay back any provocation %e  
has receiv$4 ,%e takes no?+ belong+ to  
o!rs1 b atta*es h]self /rongly to h] own
 possessions1 & is p>ticul>ly indignant 
if !y attempt to m$dle ) h] objects =   
in/ruction4 ,"o ( ! bl9d *ildr5 happ5$  
to take a %eet ( h] writ+ 9 po9ts1 9    
ord] to try & read x2 b ,anna 0 no #cce 
soon] aw>e ( ! !ft ?an %e angrily       
reclaim$ x4 ,! next day ! same *ild     
begg$ z a favor t %e w\ld l5d h] a %eet1
 9 ord] to practise h] read+2 b ,anna   
curtly refus$1 obs]v+1 t ye/]day %e _h  
tak5 x )\t leave1 & t to-day %e c]ta9ly 
%\ld n h x1 ev5 = ! ask+4 ,anna's *ief  
pet & *>ge among ! little *ildr5 is a   
*ild1 bl9d1 & maim$ ( "o arm1 call$     
,eug5ie4 ,:5 ?is little ?+ 0 com+ fir/  
to ! e/abli%m5t ,anna 0 told ( x1 & !   
expect$ day nam$ = h] arrival4 ,%e      
imm$iately set to "w & made all sorts ( 
arrangem5ts 9 h] own m9d = ! reception (

 ! new *ild4 ,! mi/ress w\ld1 ( c\rse1  
tea* x to read2 b x w\ld h a seat beside
 ,anna1 & ) ! companion :om %e already  
_h1 !re w\ld be ?ree to walk & amuse    
!mselves toge!r4 ,x s happ5$ t ,eug5ie  
did n arrive on ! expect$ day4 ,anna 0 q
 d[nca/ 9 consequ5ce2 & :5 at la/ x did 
appe>1 x in/antly became ! object ( all 
h] t5d]e/ pett+ & ende>m5t4 ,%e l$ x to 
its seat1 tri$ to make x und]/& all t x 
w\ld h to d & le>n1 & at la/1 :5 %e t\*$
 its little arm1 & f\nd t x 0 maim$1 &  
incapable ( be+ us$1 %e bur/ into te>s1 
& 0 = a long "t inconsolable4 ,i tri$ to
 f9d out ! cause ( h] grief1 & 9 :at %e 
consid]$ ! greatness ( ! *ild's mis=tune
 to consi/1 & %e imm$iately direct$ my  
att5tion to ! fact t ! *ild w\ld nev] be
 able to le>n to knit4 ,! p[] (         
occupation _h be5 su* an ine/imable boon
 to h]self1 t %e naturally felt any     
inability on t score to be ! mo/        
intol]able mis=tune t c\ld befall a     
human be+4 ,:5 we assur$ h] t ,eug5ie   
w\ld be able to knit z well & easily z  

%e did h]self1 %e became calm4 ,! next  
day1 h[ev]1 %e 0 discov]$ try+ to knit )
 bo? h&s %ut1 z if !y _h be5 maim$ l !  
bl9d *ild's1 & %e imm$iately made h]    
mi/ress obs]ve t 9 su* a /ate %e c\ld   
nei!r knit1 bl[ h] nose1 nor dress      
h]self1 end+ all by express+ ! imm5se   
happ9ess %e felt at possess+ ! free use 
( h] h&s4 ,provid5ce has provid$ an     
antidote to e mis=tune4 ,! bl9d *ild    
pities ! deaf-mute1 ! deaf-mute sighs   
ov] ! bl9d1 & ! bl9d1 deaf1 & dumb girl 
feels h] he>t fill$ ) inexpressible     
compassion = "o depriv$ ( ! free use (  
h] h&s4 ,anna kept h] ^w1 & took great  
c>e ( ! little ,eug5ie4 ,%e plac$ h]self
 inde$ some:at 9 ! position ( a "m to ! 
*ild1 wat*$ ov] its conduct1 exam9$ its 
"w1 & w5t s f> z occasionally to adm9i/]
 a slight correction4  ,if ! wea!r 0    
cold1 %e nev] w5t to b$ h]self )\t feel+
 t ,eug5ie 0 well cov]$ up1 & giv+ h] h]
 bless+2 a good de$ %e always took c>e  
to make kn[n to me 9 ! morn+4 ,:5 fir/ !
 little ?+ came x 0 r refractory &      

dis9cl9$ to submit to rules1 & ! mi/ress
 acqua9t$ ,anna ) ! fact4 ,does n %e l  
to knit8 ask$ ,anna4 ,x is n ) t1 answ]$
 ! mi/ress1 b ) h] read+ lesson1 t %e w 
n take pa9s4 ,anna imm$iately w5t ov] to
 ! *ild1 to try & p]suade h] to fulfil  
h] duty4 ,%e took h] h&1 laid x on !    
book1 rema9$ = at lea/ a qu>t] ( an h\r 
p]suad+ & enc\rag+ h]2 & !n1 p]ceiv+ t  
%e _h begun to be really att5tive1 bade 
h] get up & ask p>don ( h] mi/ress = h] 
pa/ disob$i5ce4  ,ano!r day %e exam9$ ! 
*ild's knitt+1 & f9d+ x badly done1 %ook
 h] head gravely1 9 sign (              
disapprobation4 ,%e !n took ,eug5ie's   
h&1 made h] feel ) h] own f+]s ! long   
loose /it*es %e _h made2 & mak+ h] kneel
 d[n 9 ! middle ( ! room1 p9n$ ! "w to  
h] back1 ) ?reats ( ev5 m s]i\s puni%m5t
 9 ! future4 ,j !n ! #ccf mi/ress jo9$ !
 class1 & f\nd ,eug5ie 9 te>s1 & on h]  
knees1 ) h] "w p9n$ beh9d h]4 ,eug5ie1  
%e ask$1 :at are y do+ !re1 & :y d y    
cry8 ,! deaf & dumb girl has puni%$ me  
because my knitt+ 0 badly done1 said !  

*ild2 & %e says1 :5 ,m4 ,c>ton comes 91 
he w ?r[ a glass ( wat] 9 my face4 ,9   
ord] to prev5t ?is t]rible assault1 !   
mi/ress advis$ h] to ask p>don ( ,anna1 
:i* %e imm$iately did2 b ! latt] felt x 
due to ! dignity ( ! situation to all[  
h]self to be entreat$ a long "t be=e %e 
cons5t$ to grant x4  ,b ?\gh ,anna      
consid]$ x a "p ( h] duty to puni%      
,eug5ie = h] idl5ess1 %e 0 always       
o!rwise v g5tle to ! *ild4 ,9 giv+ h] a 
lesson1 h] mi/ress1 ) a view ( te/+ h] k
 ( ! v]b 9 "q1 once bade h] /rike       
,eug5ie4 ,anna behav$ v prettily on ?is 
occasion4 ,be=e %e w\ld p]=m ! act      
requir$1 %e took ! bl9d *ild's h& & laid
 x on ! lett]s1 9 ord] to %[ h] t if %e 
/ruck h]1 x 0 n because %e 0 angry ) h]1
 b simply because t phrase _h be5 giv5  
to h] z an ex]cise 9 language4 ,on ano!r
 occasion "o ( ! bl9d *ildr5 di/urb$ !  
arrangem5t ( h] words 9 _! sep>ate      
cases1 & "o or two ( !m 7 lo/4 ,anna    
wept bitt]ly2 & n cont5t ) do+ ev]y?+ 9 
h] own p[] to discov] ! au?or ( !       

mis*ief1 %e ask$ h] mi/ress to assi/ 9  
h] rese>*es4 ,! guilty "o 0 f\nd out at 
la/1 &1 9 ! heat ( ! mom5t1 ,anna dem&$ 
t %e %\ld be puni%$2 b yield+ aft]w>d to
 ! natural goodness ( h] he>t1 %e w5t   
h]self & int]c$$ = ! little crim9al4 ,%e
 is bl9d1 l myself1 %e said1 by way (   
excuse2 & !n embrac$ h] ) great         
cordiality 9 tok5 ( =giv5ess4 ,f t "t1  
h[ev]1 %e became suspici\s1 & sc>cely   
d>$ to leave h] place = fe> ( a simil>  
mis=tune4 ,"s "o1 see+ ?is1 advis$ h] to
 keep h] lett]s 9 h] pocket4 ,v pleasant
 inde$6 %e answ]$1 bur/+ into a fit (   
laught]2 & a nice way1 c]ta9ly1 (       
prev5t+ confusion6 ,no2 ,i w ask ,m4    
,c>ton to give me a lock & key = my box1
 & !n no "o c t\* !m )\t my kn[+ x4 ,?is
 0 accord+ly done2 & ! key once safe 9  
h] pocket1 ,anna c\ld leave h] prop]ty 9
 p]fect security t x w\ld n be injur$ or
 /ol5 9 h] abs5ce4    ,anna likes da9ty 
food1 & is v fond ( fruit4 ,i suspect$1 
h[ev]1 :5 fir/ %e came1 t %e _h n an    
idea ( ! way 9 :i* x 0 procur$4 ,%e _h  

be5 s %ut up 9 h] old home1 t nature 0  
/ill an unexplor$ page to h]2 & bl9d1   
deaf1 & dumb z %e 01 x 0 only ?r\gh !   
f+]s t ev5 n[ ?is poor *ild c\ld ev] be 
taught to read & compreh5d x4 ,x is n   
difficult1 !re=e1 to imag9e h] a/oni%m5t
 & joy at ea* new discov]y ( ?is k9d :i*
 %e makes4 ,"o day ,i l$ h] to an       
apricot tree1 & made h] feel & exam9e x 
all ov]4 ,%e dislikes trees extremely1  
probably because 9 h] solit>y excursions
 %e mu/ h (t5 hurt h]self aga9/ !m4 ,%e 
obey$ me1 h[ev]1 ?\gh v languidly &     
unwill+ly at fir/2 b ,i nev] saw su*    
a/oni%m5t on any face be=e z ,i did on  
h]s1 :51 aft] a %ort delay1 ,i took h]  
h& & laid x on an apricot4 ,%e clasp$ h]
 h&s delight$ly toge!r1 !n made me t\* !
 fruit1 z if %e expect$ t ,i also w\ld  
be a/oni%$2 & !n recomm5c$ h] exam9ation
 ( ! tree1 return+ ov] & ov] aga91 ) an 
expression ( int5se joy ov] all h]      
p]son1 to ! fruit %e _h s unexpect$ly   
discov]$4 ,i p]mitt$ h] at la/ to pull !
 fruit & eat x1 & %e kiss$ my h& mo/    

affectionately1 9 tok5 ( gratitude = !  
imm5se favor ,i _h conf]r$ ^u h]4 ,aft] 
clas/ime %e return$ alone to ! g>d52    
#ccg & z ,i =esaw t ! discov]y ( ! morn+
 w\ld n be /]ile1 b t1 once put on !    
track1 %e w\ld cont9ue h] explorations  
on h] own acc\nt1 ,i wat*$ h] closely4  
,s1 9 fact1 x happ5$4  ,%e 0 no soon] 9 
! g>d5 ?an %e began c>efully to exam9e  
all ! plants & trees ar\nd h]1 & x 0    
amus+ beyond any?+ to wat* h] mak+ h]   
way cauti\sly among ! cabbages1 t\*+ !  
leaves & /ems1 & try+ ) great c>e &     
prud5ce to discov] if ?is plant also    
produc$ apricots4 ,i suff]$ h] to       
cont9ue ?is ex]cise = a little "t 9 va92
 !n com+ to ! rescue1 aft] mak+ h]      
compreh5d t cabbages1 ?\gh good 9       
!mselves to be eat51 did n be> apricots1
 ,i l$ h] to v>i\s k9ds ( fruit-trees   
gr[+ 9 ! g>d54 ,i did n "n any ( !m to  
h] !n1 = ,i knew t 9 "t %e w\ld le>n to 
di/+ui% "o f ! o!r1 & %e _h /ill s mu*  
to discov] ( nature & h] ways1 t ,i did 
n l to delay h] by dwell+ on di/9ctions 

:i* 71 comp>atively speak+1 ( little    
consequ5ce to h] 9 t e>ly /age ( h]     
education4 ,?is little c\rse ( botany we
 cont9u$ ?r\gh\t ! ye>4 ,%e 0 taught to 
obs]ve ! fall ( ! leaf1 enc\rag$ to     
exam9e ! tree :5 entirely b]eft (       
foliage1 & :5 ! spr+-buds began to swell
 %e 0 once m br\ght to t\* !m1 & made to
 und]/& t !y 7 ab\t to bur/ aga9 into   
leaf & fl[]s4 ,! mom5t ! leaves 7       
visible %e inquir$ ( "o ( h] companions 
if ! tree 0 go+ to be> fruit likewise2 &
 receiv$ = answ] t x w\ld c]ta9ly d s   
:5ev] ! wea!r %\ld become suffici5tly   
w>m4 ,satisfi$ ) ?is in=mation1 %e wait$
 "s "t ) pati5ce2 b a few v w>m days    
*anc+ to occur 9 ! mon? ( ,may1 %e      
rem9d$ h] companion ( :at %e _h be5     
told1 & inquir$ eag]ly if ! fruit 0 at  
la/ come4  ,9 ?is way1 dur+ all t summ]1
 %e f\nd con/ant amusem5t 9 wat*+ !     
progress ( ! diff]5t fruit-trees1 & ,i  
f\nd h] "o day exam9+ a pe> ) great     
att5tion4 ,%e _h n met ) "o be=e1 s x 0 
q a discov]y to h]1 & %e begg$ me to let

 h] h x 9 ord] t %e might %[ x to h]    
mi/ress & le>n its "n4 ,) all h] love ( 
fruit1 h[ev]1 ,i mu/ record x to ! honor
 ( ?is poor *ild t %e nev] attempt$ to  
t\* x )\t p]mission2 & t hav+ be5 guid$ 
once to a tree by "o ( h] deaf-mute     
companions1 & incit$ to ga!r ! fruit1 %e
 made a v intelligible sign t x mu/ n be
 done )\t an ord] f me4 ,on ano!r       
occasion ,i gave h] a bun* ( currants & 
told h] to eat !m1 b ! mom5t %e t\*$ !m 
%e discov]$ t !y 7 n ripe1 & made signs 
to me t %e mu/ wait = a few days long]1 
& t !n !y w\ld be good to eat4  ,h]     
delicacy ( t\* is 9 fact surpris+4 ,i h 
(t5 effac$ h] lett]s1 & flatt5$ !m ) my 
nail until x seem$ impossible to discov]
 ev5 a trace ( !m1 & yet ) h] f+] %e has
 nev] fail$ 9 foll[+ out ! =m4 ,%e (t5  
also f9ds p9s & small pieces ( money1 & 
picks !m up :5 walk+4 ,%e is v pr\d on  
^! occasions1 & takes good c>e to in=m  
any "o :o comes ne> h] ( ! fact4 ,%e is 
v active n[1 & always ready to g & look 
= any ?+ or p]son t %e wants2 & if %e   

does n succe$ 9 f9d+ !m1 %e engages "o (
 h] companions to aid h] 9 ! se>*4 ,%e  
seem$ inde$ always to suspect t we knew 
bett] ?an %e did :at 0 pass+ ar\nd u2   
?\gh x 0 probably "s "t be=e %e ask$    
h]self :at ! nature ( h] own defici5cy  
might be4 ,a day came1 h[ev]1 ^u :i* %e 
obta9$ "s cle>] k on ! subject2 & ?is 0 
! way x happ5$4  ,%e _h dropp$ "o ( h]  
knitt+-ne$les1 & aft] a va9 attempt to  
#cch f9d x = h]self1 %e 0 oblig$ to h   
rec\rse to h] mi/ress1 :o imm$iately    
pick$ x up & gave x back to h]4 ,anna   
appe>$ to reflect e>ne/ly = a mom5t1 &  
!n draw+ ! si/] t[>d h] writ+-table1 %e 
wrote3 ,!resa1 nam+ "o ( ! pupils ( !   
in/itution--,!resa is deaf2 ,lucy is    
deaf2 ,jane is bl9d2 ,i am bl9d & deaf2 
y are--2 & !n %e pres5t$ h] tablets to !
 si/]1 9 ord] t ! latt] might expla9 to 
h] ! nature ( t o!r faculty :i* %e      
possess$1 & :i* enabl$ h] to f9d s      
easily any?+ t 0 lo/4  ,?is 0 a problem 
:i* _h evid5tly occupi$ h] = a long "t2 
& ) h] head b5t =w>d & f+]s ready to    

seize ! slighte/ ge/ure1 ,anna wait$    
eag]ly = ! answ] by :i* %e hop$ ! my/]y 
w\ld be solv$ to h] at la/4 ,9 a second 
or two ! emb>rassm5t ( ! mi/ress 0 ne>ly
 equal to ! eag]ness ( ! pupil2 b aft] a
 m9ute's hesitation %e1 ) great tact1   
resolv$ to repeat ! action :i* _h caus$ 
,anna's "q4 ,mak+ ! bl9d-mute walk d[n !
 room ) h]1 %e desir$ h] once m to drop 
h] ne$le & !n to pick x up aga91 aft]   
:i* %e wrote ^u ! bo>d1 ,! ne$le falls2 
y t\* ! ne$le ) y\r h&2 y pick x up )   
y\r f+]s4 ,anna read ^! words ) an air  
:i* seem$ to say1 ,i "k all t already2 b
 !re mu/ be some?+ m2 & s !re 04  ,h]   
mi/ress made h] once m drop h] ne$le2 & 
!n1 j z ,anna 0 /oop+ to pick x up1 %e  
dragg$ h]1 9 spite ( ! poor girl's      
resi/ance1 s f> f x t %e c\ld n t\* x   
ei!r ) h] h&s or feet4 ,x is ev] s f>   
away1 ,anna said1 9 h] mute language2 & 
/oop+ d[n to ! floor1 %e /ret*$ out h]  
h& z f> z ev] x w\ld g 9 a va9 attempt  
to rea* x4 ,! si/] wait$ until %e 0 a   
little pacifi$1 & !n wrote3 ,! ne$le    

falls4 ,anna answ]$3 ,yes4 ,! ne$le is  
f> (f1 ! si/] wrote aga92 & ,anna       
repli$3 ,alas1 x is4 ,si/] ,n4 _c t\* ! 
ne$le ) h] h&4 ,nor ,i ei!r1 ,anna wrote
 9 answ]4 ,si/] ,n4 c t\* ! ne$le ) h]  
eyes4 ,!n foll[$ a mimic sc5e1 9 :i* !  
?+ express$ by words 0 put into action4 
,anna und]/ood at la/2 b1 evid5tly 9    
ord] to make c]ta9 t %e did1 %e desir$ !
 si/] to guide h] h& once m to ! fall5  
ne$le4 ,h] mi/ress compli$ ) h] reque/1 
& ,anna 0 conv9c$4 ,! exp]im5t 0 repeat$
 ov] & ov] aga94 ,anna ?rew h] ne$le    
into v>i\s places1 & !n ask$ ! si/] if  
%e c\ld t\* x )\t /oop+4 ,yes1 repli$ h]
 mi/ress2 ,i t\* ! ne$le ) my eyes4 ,c y
 pick x up ) y\r eyes8 ask$ ,anna4 ,!   
si/] made h] feel t h] eyes 7 n f+]s2 & 
!n once m pick+ up ! ne$le %e gave x to 
,anna1 to be satisfi$ t %e at la/       
und]/ood ! nature ( ! faculty :i* h]    
in/ructress possess$ & :i* 0 want+ 9    
h]self4  ,f t "t %e inv>iably made a    
di/9ction betwe5 ! bl9d *ildr5 & ^? :o 7
 m]ely deaf-mutes4 ,%e _h always hi!rto 

be5 ready en\gh to av5ge h]self on any (
 h] companions :o /ruck h]1 :e!r        
accid5tally or on purpose4 ,n[ if %e    
f\nd x 0 a bl9d *ild :o _h done s1 %e   
w\ld ( h] own accord excuse h]1 say+1   
,%e is bl9d2 %e _c t\* me ) h] eyes :5  
,i am at a di/ance f h]4 ,9 ! same      
mann]1 if %e lo/ any?+1 %e w\ld ask !   
fir/ deaf-mute :om %e met to help h] to 
look = x1 :ile %e nev] attempt$ to seek 
a simil> s]vice f any ( ! *ildr5 :om %e 
knew to be bl9d4 ,%e %[$ h] k ( !       
diff]5ce betwe5 ! two classes mo/       
di/9ctly ^u "o occasion1 :5 h] knitt+   
hav+ got irretrievably out ( ord]1 %e   
communicat$ h] p]plexity to ! #cci bl9d 
*ild at h] side4 ,! latt] want$ to take 
x f h] 9 ord] to arrange x2 b ,anna drew
 x back1 &1 t\*+ fir/ ! eyes ( ! *ild & 
!n h] own1 z if %e w\ld h said1 ,y also 
are bl9d1 & c d no bett] ?an myself1 %e 
wait$ quietly until %e c\ld give x to ! 
mi/ress to dis5tangle = h]4  ,anna      
delights 9 tell+ h] companions all h]   
adv5tures1 ?\gh %e takes c>e nev] to    

m5tion h] faults or _! puni%m5t4 ,%e w  
ackn[l$ge ! =m] if tax$ ) !m1 b %e does 
n l to be rem9d$ ei!r ( ! "o or ( ! o!r4
 ,i h done my p5ance1 %e says3 x is pa/2
 y mu/ n speak ( x any m4 ,) ?is        
exception %e tells all t %e has done or 
int5ds to d2 & %e is en*ant$ beyond     
measure :5 %e c in=m !m t %e has succe$$
 9 play+ a trick on h] mi/ress4 ,%e w   
tell ! /ory ) inf9ite glee1 & always    
contrives exce$+ly well to put ! ?+ 9   
its mo/ ridicul\s light be=e !m4  ,%e 0 
fond ( milk1 & obs]v$1 or 0 told1 "o day
 t a cup ( milk _h be5 giv5 to a *ild :o
 0 sick4 ,! next morn+1 :ile 9 *apel1 %e
 bur/ into te>s4 ,h] mi/ress l$ h] f !  
class1 & ask$ :at 0 ! matt]4 ,%e c\gh$1 
%[$ h] tongue1 held out h] h&1 t !      
mi/ress might feel h] pulse2 9 fact %e 0
 z ill z %e c\ld be1 & excessively      
?ir/y4 ,a cup ( milk 0 br\ght2 & !      
m$ic9e 0 s good1 t five m9utes aft]w>d  
%e manag$ to eat h] breakfa/ ) an       
excell5t appetite4 ,dur+ ! recreation t 
foll[$1 %e took c>e to expla9 to h]     

companions ! means by :i* %e _h procur$ 
h]self ! milk4 ,a few days aft]w>d %e   
recomm5c$ ! com$y1 & play$ x s well1 t1 
?9k+ %e really 0 ill1 h] mi/ress desir$ 
h] to g to b$4 ,?is 0 m ?an %e wi%$ =2 b
 %e w5t up/airs1 tru/+1 no d\bt1 t      
some?+ w\ld happ5 to extricate h] f !   
dilemma4 ,h] mi/ress w5t to see h]2 &   
f9d+ h] sitt+ on ! side ( ! b$1 ask$ :y 
%e did n get into x1 z %e _h be5 desir$4
 ,madame1 said ,anna1 x is v cold1 b ,i 
%\ld get w>m if y w\ld give me a cup (  
milk2 t w\ld cure me 9 no "t2 & a little
 bread & butt] ) x w\ld also d me good4 
,! si/] !n p]ceiv$ h[ ! case really     
/ood1 & answ]$ promptly1 ,if y w get    
into b$ y %all h ! milk1 b n ! bread &  
butt]4 ,if1 on ! contr>y1 y pref] to g  
d[n/airs1 y %all h ! bread & butt]1 b n 
! milk4 ,:i* d y *oose8 ,bo?1 quo?      
,anna4 ,b z bo? 7 n to be _h1 %e 0      
oblig$ to cont5t h]self ) ! amusem5t (  
tell+ h] int5d$ trick to h] companions1 
:i* %e did ) _m regrets t x _h n be5    
successful4  ,b ?\gh ,anna likes to tell

 all ^! little s*emes & adv5tures to any
 "o :o w li/5 to h]2 & ?\gh1 if tax$ )  
!m by h] mi/ress1 %e is q ready to      
ackn[l$ge !m ) a laugh1 x is f> o!rwise 
:5 ! action itself conta9s any?+ s]i\sly
 contr>y to hone/y or ju/ice4 ,9 t case 
%e takes good c>e to be sil5t on !      
subject2 & if sil5ce is impossible1 %e  
endeavors1 9 all mann] ( ways1 to expla9
 x away or excuse x4  ,"o day %e ent]$ !
 s*oolroom be=e any ( ! o!r pupils1 &   
f9d+ t a piece ( wire1 belong+ to ! p$al
 ( ! piano1 0 loose1 %e broke x q (f1   
put x into h] pocket1 & return$         
triumphantly to h] place4 ,h] mi/ress1  
happ5+ to be 9 ! room at ! mom5t1 saw ! 
:ole affair1 & plac$ h]self 9 h] way1 9 
ord] t ,anna might "k %e _h be5 obs]v$4 
,%e !n ask$ h] :at %e _h put 9 h]       
pocket1 & ,anna in/antly repli$ t x 0 h]
 beads4 ,h] mi/ress gave h] to und]/& t 
%e 0 try+ to deceive h]1 & made h] t\*1 
z a #cdj pro(1 ! o!r end ( ! wire :i* %e
 _h brok54 ,%e 0 evid5tly confus$1 &    
became z r$ z fire1 b ) m>vell\s        

adroitness manag$ to let ! wire slip out
 ( h] pocket to ! gr\nd4 ,%e _h1 (      
c\rse1 no idea t x w\ld make a noise 9  
fall+2 & fancy+ t %e _h conceal$ ! !ft1 
cont9u$ positively to d5y x4 ,9 ord]    
/ill bett] to prove h] innoc5ce1 %e !n  
knelt d[n & began feel+ all ov] ! floor1
 until %e _h f\nd ! wire :i* %e _h      
dropp$1 & hold+ x up 9 triumph1 said1 by
 signs1 ,i w ask ,m4 ,c>ton to give x to
 me t ,i may make x into a cross = my   
beads4  ,9 ?is way %e is always be+     
+5i\s 9 f9d+ excuses = h] faults4 ,h]   
mi/ress once compla9$ ( h] knitt+1 & %e 
imm$iately held up h] ne$les1 :i* 7 b5t1
 z if %e w\ld h said1 ,h[ is x possible 
to knit ) su* ne$les z ^!8 ,ano!r day1  
feel+ m idle ?an usual1 & wi%+ to rema9 
9 b$1 %e made !m c\nt h] pulse1 & begg$ 
by signs t !y w\ld s5d imm$iately = ,m4 
,v]te1 ! physician ( ! h\se4 ,we knew   
well x 0 only a trick to /ay a little   
long] 9 b$1 & %e 0 ! fir/ to ackn[l$ge x
 z soon z %e _h ris54  ,i l to wat* h]  
:5 %e fancies h]self alone1 z ,i !n (t5 

f9d 9 h] mo/ trivial actions a some?+   
int]e/+ or sugge/ive = h] future        
improvem5t4 ,i discov]$ h] once alone 9 
! class-room & busily engag$ 9 exam9+ e 
corn] ( ! desks4 ,all at once %e w5t    
t[>d ! black table on :i* ! deaf-mutes  
write _! ex]cises1 & tak+ a piece (     
*alk1 began to trace l9es ^u x at r&om4 
,i 0 curi\s to "k :at discov]y %e 0 try+
 to make1 & 9 a few m9utes ,i p]ceiv$ x4
 ,z soon z %e _h trac$ h] l9es1 %e pass$
 h] h&s ov] !m to see if %e c\ld read   
!m4 ,%e 0 aw>e t h] companions read ^u  
?is bo>d2 & z %e knew ( no o!r me?od (  
read+ ?an by lett]s 9 relief1 %e        
naturally suppos$ t ! l9es %e _h trac$  
w\ld be suffici5tly rais$ to enable h]  
to d s4 ,= a few m9utes %e cont9u$ ?us  
try+ to foll[ ) h] f+] ! *alk-l9es %e _h
 made2 b f9d+ consid]able difficulty 9  
do+ s1 %e at la/ return$ to h] book1    
comp>$ ! lett]s 9 x ) ! l9es on ! bo>d1 
& evid5tly pron\nc$ a v]dict 9 favor ( !
 =m]4 ,i c\ld see1 9 fact1 t %e 0 q     
delight$ ) its app>5t sup]iority1 & %e  

nev] attempt$ to write on ! black-bo>d  
aga94  ,%e (t5 makes signs t seem to    
indicate an inexplicable k ( ?+s ( :i* x
 is impossible %e c naturally h any real
 p]ception4 ,%e 0 born bl9d2 %e c look  
at ! sun )\t bl9k+1 & ! pupil ( ! eye is
 z opaque z ! sk94 ,nev]!less h] mi/ress
 happ5+ to ask h] "o night :y %e _h left
 (f h] "w1 %e answ]$ t x 0 too d>k to "w
 any long]1 & t %e mu/ wait = a light4  
,footnote #gf ,9 *apel1 also1 %e has    
evid5tly impressions :i* %e does n      
receive else:]e4 ,%e likes to g !re2 (t5
 asks to be p]mitt$ to d s1 & :ile 9 x  
always rema9s 9 an attitude & ) an      
expression ( face :i* w\ld indicate a   
pr(\nd consci\sness ( ! pres5ce ( ,god4 
,"o ( h] companions once told h] t ,i 0 
ill4 ,anna p]ceiv$ t ! *ild 0 cry+3 ,i w
 n cry1 %e said imm$iately1 b ,i w pray2
 & %e actually did g d[n on h] knees1 & 
rema9$ 9 t position = ne>ly a qu>t] ( an
 h\r4 ,%e told me ?is h]self1 & ,i 0    
en*ant$2 = :o c d\bt t ,god held himself
 honor$ by ! supplicat+ attitude ( 8    

poor mutilat$ creature8 ,& yet :at      
passes 9 ! m9d ( ?is *ild dur+ ! mom5ts 
:i* %e sp5ds 9 ! attitude ( pray]8 ,:at 
is h] idea ( #cda ,god8 ,:at is !       
language ( h] he>t :5 %e ?us places     
h]self 9 solemn adoration 9 8 pres5ce8  
,:at is1 9 fact1 h] pray]8 ,i "k n2 x is
 a my/]y yet a my/]y--:i* ,i tru/ %e w  
"s day f9d words to expla9 to me h]self4
 ,"o ?+ alone is c]ta92--!re is t 9 h]  
he>t & m9d :i* has n be5 plac$ !re by   
man1 & :i* tells h] !re is a ,fa!r & a  
,god = h] 9 heav54    ,footnote #gf3 ,%e
 possibly may h le>n$ ! expression f "s 
( ! deaf-mutes n bl9d4--,,tr4           
,,conclusion4  ,extract ( a lett] f ,m4 
,c>ton1 ann\nc+ ! dea? ( ! bl9d mute1   
,anna ,timm]mans1 aft] a resid5ce (     
tw5ty-"o ye>s 9 8 e/abli%m5t at ,bruges3
     ,,bruges1 ,sept4 #bf1 #ahei4       
,,g5tlem51--,i write to y 9 deep        
affliction1 = dea? ha? ?is   day depriv$
 me ( my bl9d mute1 ,anna ,timm]mans1   
:om y may   rememb] to h se5 at my      
e/abli%m5t la/ ye>4    ,%e 0 j =ty-?ree 

ye>s ( age2 & tw5ty-"o ( ^! _h   be5    
pass$ at my asylum4 ,god has tak5 h] f  
?is life to be/[   ^u h] a bett]1 & 8   
holy w be done6 ,x 0 a great m]cy   to  
h]1 b ,i %all regret h] all my lifetime1
 ev5 :ile rejoic+   at h] pres5t        
happ9ess1 & feel+ mo/ ?ankful = t love  
& k ( ,almighty ,god to :i*1 ?r\gh all !
 physical   difficulties ( h] position1 
he enabl$ h] to atta94 ,%e lov$   him   
inde$ ) all ! naivete1 & invok$ him ) ! 
simple   confid5ce ( a *ild2 & ! la/    
weeks ( h] life 7 almo/   entirely      
devot$ to e>ne/ entreaties t he w\ld    
call h] to   himself4    ,y are ! fir/  
to :om ,i ann\nce my loss1 because ( all
 ^?   p]sons :o h visit$ my h\se1 y seem
 be/ to h   compreh5d$ ! pa9ful position
 ( a deaf-mute1 & ! exquisite           
s5sibility :i* !y are capable ( feel+   
t[>d any "o :o   %[s !m sympa?y &       
affection4 ,i h already describ$ ,anna z
   %e 0 :5 %e came fir/ among u--a girl 
tw5ty-"o ye>s ( age1   ) ! /ature ( a   
woman & ! habits ( a *ild4 ,i ne$ n     

recall h] to y\r remembrance z %e appe>$
 to y la/ ye>1 a   woman ?\ghtful beyond
 ! common1 & end[$ ) su* true   k ( ,god
 & ( religion1 t y deem$ x no indignity 
to   ask h] pray]s1 & 7 pleas$ by h]    
simple promise nev] to   =get y4        
,?anks be to ,god = 8 great goodness    
t[>d 8 poor1 afflict$   *ild6 ,%e n only
 le>n$ to "k him & to love him1 b we 7  
enabl$ by degrees to place h] 9 /ill    
clos] communication )   him1 by means ( 
^? sacram5ts :i* he has appo9t$ to      
convey   grace to ! s\l4 ,! la/         
confession :i* %e made previ\s to       
receiv+ extreme unction rem9ds me ( all 
! difficulty we _h   long ago exp]i5c$ 9
 p]suad+ h] to make h] fir/4    ,x w    
soon be ,ea/]1 said "o day to h] ! si/] 
appo9t$   to prep>e h] = ?is duty4 ,x w 
soon be ,ea/]1 & !n y   & all ( u w h to
 g to confession4    ,:at is confession8
 ask$ ,anna4 ,x is to tell our s9s to ! 
prie/1 expla9$ ! si/]2 & to ask p>don ( 
!m f ,god4    ,b :y %\ld we d t8 quo?   
,anna4    ,because1 repli$ ! si/]1 ,god 

himself has comm&$ u to   confess our   
s9s4 ,y w h to d x1 !re=e1 l ! re/   (  
u2 & :5 y g to confession1 y mu/ say 9  
y\r he>t to   ,god1 ',i am sorry = my   
s9s4 ,=give me1 ,o my ,god2 & ,i promise
 ,i   w s9 no m4'    ,& :at are ! s9s ,i
 mu/ confess8 ask$ ,anna4 ,%e 0 /&+   9 
! mid/ ( h] class1 :o _h all assembl$ to
 receive   in/ruction1 at ! mom5t :5 %e 
put ! "q4    ,y h be5 9 a passion1      
repli$ ! si/]2 y mu/ confess   #cdb t4  
,y h brok5 ,m4 ,c>ton's spectacles4 ,y h
 torn   ! cap ( ,si/] ,s-&-s4 ,y h      
scrat*$ "o ( ! bl9d   *ildr52--& y mu/  
m5tion all ^! ?+s :5 y g to             
confession4    ,all ^! ?+s are pa/ &    
gone1 repli$ ,anna1 resolutely2   :5 ,i 
broke ,m4 ,c>ton's spectacles1 ,i 0     
made1 = my puni%m5t1   to kneel d[n2 &1 
%e cont9u$1 lightly pass+ "o h& ov]   ! 
o!r1 z if rubb+ out some?+1 t 0 effac$4 
,:5 ,i   tore ,si/] ,s-&-s's cap1 ,i 0 n
 all[$ any c(fee2 &1   repeat+ ! action 
) h] h&s1 t 0 effac$4 ,:5 ,i   scrat*$ !
 bl9d *ild1 ,i w5t to b$ )\t supp]2 & t 

0 effac$4 ,i w n1 !re=e1 confess any (  
^! ?+s4    ,b1 ,anna1 repli$ ! si/]1 we 
are all oblig$ to g to   confession4 ,i 
am go+ myself1 z well z y4    ,oui da6  
,h y1 !n1 also1 be5 9 a passion1 my     
si/]8 ,h   y brok5 ,m4 ,c>ton's         
spectacles1 torn our si/]'s cap1 &      
scrat*$ a bl9d *ild8    ,anna ask$ ^!   
que/ions ) an imm5se air ( triumph1 &   
wait$ ! answ] ) a wick$ smile1 :i* seem$
 to say %e _h   put ! si/] 9 a dilemma4 
,n "o ( ! class misund]/ood !   little  
malice ( h] que/ions4 ,inde$1 !         
un*>itable surmise z   to ! nature ( _! 
mi/ress's conduct appe>$ s piquant to   
all   ( !m1 t !y unanim\sly insi/$ on   
its receiv+ a reply4 ,x   is n          
difficult1 inde$1 to imag9e _! amusem5t1
 = !y 7   all daught]s ( ,eve2 &1       
beside1 ! be/ ( *ildr5 h an   especial  
delight 9 emb>rass+ _! sup]iors4        
,altoge!r x 0   a sc5e = a pa9t]4    ,i 
h n be5 9 a passion2 ,god =bid6 repli$ !
 poor si/]1   g5tly4 ,& ,i h n scrat*$  
or done injury to any "o2 b ,i   h done 

s-&-s1 & s-&-s4 ,& "h1 ) ! greate/      
naivete & humility1 ! si/] m5tion$ "s ( 
h] own   %ortcom+s4 ,i h done s-&-s &   
s-&-s1 & am go+ to   confess !m2 = ,i "k
 ,i h s9n$ by do+ ^! ?+s2 b ,i   hope   
,god w p>don me1 & give me grace n to   
(f5d him aga9   9 l mann]4    ,:5 !     
*ildr5 he>d ?is humble confession1 !y "o
 by "o   quietly left ! class1 l ^? 9 ! 
gospel1 beg9n+ ) !   elde/2 b ,anna1 ev5
 :ile ackn[l$g+ h]self defeat$1 c\ld   n
 resi/ ! small v5geance ( giv+ ! si/] a 
lecture on h]   peccadilloes4           
,rememb]1 my si/]1 y are nev] aga9 to d 
s-&-s &   s-&-s4 ,y mu/ be v sorry1 &   
promise to be wis] ano!r   "t4 ,& above 
all o!r ?+s1 y mu/ g to confession to   
obta9 ,god's p>don4    ,& y8 ask$ !     
si/]1 z h] only answ] to ?is grave      
exhortation4    ,& ,i also w g to       
confession1 repli$ ,anna1 completely    
vanqui%$ at la/ by ! t5d]ness & humility
 ( ! good   religi\s4    ,f t "t1 9     
fact1 ,anna w5t regul>ly to confession2 
& s   f> f hav+ any difficulty 9 p]suad+

 h] to d s1 %e (t5   rem9d$ u h]self :5 
! "t 0 approa*+ = !   p]=mance ( t duty4
    ,dur+ ! w9t] prec$+ h] dea? %e grew 
weak] f day to   day2 & h] loss (       
appetite1 extreme emaciation1 &         
inability to   ex]t h]self1 all conv9c$ 
u t we 7 ab\t to lose h]4 ,%e   h]self  
(t5 spoke ab\t dy+1 ?\gh = a long "t %e 
w\ld   n p]mit any "o else to address h]
 on ! subject4 ,if any ( !   si/]s ev5  
h9t$ at h] dang]1 %e w\ld gr[ q pale1 & 
turn (f ! conv]sation2 & ev5 :5 %e      
allud$ ( h] own   accord to ! symptoms t
 al>m$ h]1 x seem$ z if1 l _m   o!r     
invalids1 %e did s 9 ord] to be reassur$
 z to h] /ate4   ,%e became conv9c$ at  
la/1 h[ev]1 t %e c\ld n recov]1   & f t 
mom5t h] life 0 "o un9t]rupt$ act (     
resignation #cdc to ! w ( ,god1         
submission to 8 provid5ce1   & hope &   
confid5ce 9 8 m]cy4 ,^! s5tim5ts nev]   
=sook   h] ev5 = a mom5t4 ,i suff]1 %e  
us$ to say1--,i suff] a   great deal2 b 
,jesus suff]$ m2 &1 embrac+ h] crucifix1
   %e w\ld r5ew all h] good resolutions 

to suff] pati5tly1 &   h] e>ne/         
entreaties = grace to d s4    ,previ\s  
to receiv+ ! la/ sacram5ts1 ,anna       
dispos$ (   ev]y?+ belong+ to h] 9 favor
 ( h] companions1 & !n   caus+ !m all to
 be br\ght to h] b$side1 %e kiss$ ea* "o
   affectionately1 & bade h] adieu4     
,aft] t %e refus$ to see   any ( !m     
aga91 seek+ only ! company ( ! si/]s1 & 
(   t "o 9 p>ticul> :o be/ und]/ood !   
sil5t language (   ! f+]s4 ,let u speak 
a little1 ! poor suff]] w\ld (t5   say1 
( ,god & heav52 & !n w\ld foll[ long &  
e>ne/   conv]sations full ( fai? & hope 
& love1 confid5ce 9 !   m]cies (        
,almighty ,god1 & gratitude = 8         
goodness4    ,dur+ ^! communications    
,anna w\ld become q absorb$1 z x   71 9 
! love ( ,god2 h] poor face w\ld bright5
 into an   expression ( absolute beauty2
 & %e seem$ to lose all s5se (   pres5t 
suff]+ 9 h] c]ta9 hope & expectation ( !
 joy   t 0 ab\t to come 9 on h] s\l4    
,a little m1 %e w\ld (t5 say1 :5 %e     
fanci$ !   conv]sation 0 ab\t to f9i%2  

speak to me a little m ( ,god4   ,i love
 him & he loves me4 ,o my de> si/]1 w y 
n also come   soon to heav51 & love him 
= ev]more8    ,h] agony comm5c$ on !    
morn+ ( ! #bf? ( ,septemb]1 & %e        
expir$ ab\t noon1 s quietly t we sc>ce  
p]ceiv$ ! mom5t   9 :i* %e pass$ away   
7safe & happy1 z ,i tru/7 to !   pres5ce
 ( h] ,god4    ,i recomm5d h] to y\r    
good pray]s2 & ,i tru/ t %e also w      
sometimes ?9k ( u & pray = u 9 heav54   
----  #cdd   ,f ,macmillan's ,magaz9e4  
,,twilight ,,9 ,,! ,,nor?4  ,,until ,,! 
,,day ,,break1 ,,& ,,! ,,%ad[s ,,flee   
,,away4     ,oh ! long nor!rn twilight  
betwe5 ! day & ! night1   ,:5 ! heat & !
 we>9ess ( ! _w are end$ q2   ,:5 !     
hills gr[ dim z dreams2 & ! cry/al riv] 
seems   ,l t ,riv] ( ,life f out !      
,?rone :]e ! bless$ walk 9 :ite4    ,oh 
! weird nor!rn twilight1 :i* is nei!r   
night nor day1   ,:5 ! amb] wake ( !    
long-set sun /ill m>ks 8 we/]n way2   ,&
 b "o great gold5 /> 9 ! deep blue ea/  
af>   ,w>ns ( sleep & d>k & midnight--( 

oblivion & decay4    ,oh ! calm nor!rn  
twilight1 :5 labor is all done1   ,& !  
birds 9 dr[sy twitt] h dropp$ sil5t "o  
by "o2   ,& no?+ /irs or sighs 9        
m\nta9s1 wat]s1 skies--   ,e>? sleeps--b
 h] he>t wake?1 till ! ris+ ( ! sun4    
,oh ! sweet1 sweet twilight1 j be=e ! "t
 ( re/1   ,:5 ! black cl\ds are driv5   
away1 & ! /ormy w9ds suppress$3   ,& !  
dead day smiles s bright1 fill+ e>? &   
heav5 ) light--   ,y w\ld ?9k 'twas dawn
 come back aga9--b ! light is 9 ! we/4  
,oh ! gr& solemn twilight1 spread+ peace
 f pole to pole6--   ,ere ! ra9s sweep  
o'er ! hill-sides1 & ! wat]s rise &     
roll1   ,9 ! lull & ! calm1 come1 ,o    
angel ) ! palm--   ,9 ! /ill nor!rn     
twilight1 ,azrael1 take my s\l4  ----   
#cde  ,f ,*amb]s's ,j\rnal4   ,a ,,night
 ,,9 ,a ,,glaci]4   ,no?+ is m common   
?an to he> ! wi% express$ among ord9>y  
t\ri/s to see ,switz]l& 9 ! w9t]2 & no?+
 is m disappo9t+ ?an its fulfilm5t4 ,to 
see ,switz]l& !n is j :at y _c d2 all t 
is visible is "o va/ %eet ( bl9d+ sn[1  

unreliev$ by a p>ticle ( color2 & ! view
 is n ev5 gr&--x is simply monoton\s4   
,h[ev]1 9 ,april1 #ahfd1 ,i made !      
exp]im5t ( *oos+ t mon?1 in/ead ( !     
conv5tional ,augu/1 = a m\nta9e]+       
ramble2 & hav+ be5 wea!r-b\nd at lea/   
half a doz5 times1 9 v>i\s places1 f\nd 
myself 9 ! same mis]able pr$icam5t1 at !
 hospice ( ! ,great ,/4 ,b]n>d4 ,x 0    
t]ribly we>isome "w4 ,we _h exhau/$ all 
our small-talk1 _h discuss$ all !       
celebrat$ passages ( ! ,alps1 f t (     
,hannibal ) 8 v9eg>-cruets to t (       
,macdonald ) 8 dragoons2 _h work$ !     
piano to dea? by play+ d]isive waltzes2 
_h elicit$ fe>ful :eez+s f ! h>monium1 &
 blund]$ inappropriate m>*es on !       
organ--:51 e>ly on ! ?ird morn+1 two    
mom5t\s ev5ts occurr$4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 
! wea!r _h become sudd5ly f9e2 & 9 !    
second1 ! news _h arriv$ t a p>ty (     
,italian wood-c>v]s _h rea*$ ,/4 ,remy1 
on _! passage to ! ,rhone valley1 & t   
two ( _! numb] _h left ! ma9 body on !  
previ\s ev5+1 av[+ _! int5tion ( mak+ _!

 way to a little /one hut1 :i* is us$ 9 
summ] z a dairy = ! supply ( ! hospice1 
& pass+ ! night !re4 ,?is hut1 h[ev]1 _h
 be5 visit$ t morn+1 & f\nd to be       
unt5ant$2 & z ! traces ( ! two w&]]s _h 
be5 oblit]at$ by ! sn[ dur+ ! night1 !  
mess5g] _h be5 s5t =w>d to obta9        
assi/ance 9 ! se>* = !m4  ,?\gh !       
unusually l>ge fall ( sn[ 9 ! w9t] (    
#ahfc-fd made m\nta9-climb+ s+ul>ly easy
 9 ! pa/ autumn 7,mont ,blanc 0 asc5d$  
by m ?an sev5ty t\ri/s 9 ! latt] ye>71  
yet 9 ! spr+ ! passes 7 r5d]$ m ?an     
usually difficult by ! loose sn[ :i* !  
sun _h n yet be5 p[]ful en\gh to        
solidify by regelation4 ,mo/ travell]s  
:o cross 9 summ] mu/ h notic$ a l9e (   
/\t po/s ab\t t5 or twelve feet high1   
:i* are plac$ on ! mo/ elevat$ po9ts ( !
 pa?1 s t _! summits1 :i* ! sn[ r>ely   
rea*es1 may s]ve z l&m>ks 9 ! w9t]2 b at
 ?is "t ! po/s 7 entirely cov]$1 & x 0 n
 )\t great difficulty t ! man :o br\ght 
! news _h be5 able to f9d 8 way to !    
,hospice4 ,!re 0 no "t to be lo/4       

,ab&on+ _! usual co/ume = a dress m     
suit$ to d battle ) ! elem5ts1 f\r ( !  
fa!rs 7 soon ready to />t1 two ( !m     
%\ld]+ knapsacks ( provisions1 "o be>+ a
 /\t rope1 & ! f\r? c>ry+ an axe1 ) :i* 
to cut /eps1 if necess>y1 9 ! ice4 ,j z 
!y 7 leav+1 x 0 discov]$ t ! la/-nam$   
implem5t _h a crack 9 its h&le1 :i* w\ld
 mo/ probably cause x to break %ort (f  
:5 br\ght into active s]vice2 & z "s    
delay w\ld be caus$ by fitt+ a fre%     
h&le1 ,p]e ,*ri/ophe1 to ^: cordial     
polit5ess few travell]s are n indebt$1  
came to ask = ! loan ( my axe = ! day4  
,p]haps1 h[ev]1 he said1 z monsieur is  
us$ to glaci] exp$itions1 he w\ld l to  
accompany u 9 our se>*1 & s to c>ry 8   
axe himself8--a proposal #cdf ) :i* ,i  
eag]ly clos$1 promis+ t my prep>ations  
%\ld n delay !m above five m9utes4  ,!  
mess5g] _h arriv$ at eight 9 ! morn+2 & 
9 less ?an half an h\r aft]w>d1 we 7    
mak+ our way ov] ! lake on ! ,italian   
side ( ! pass4 ,two ( ! r5[n$ dogs 7 )  
u2 b _! proce$+s did n confirm ! idea   

:i* _h long ago be5 produc$ on my *ildi%
 m9d by ! well-kn[n pr9t ( a ,/4 ,b]n>d 
dog1 ) a bottle ( w9e & a basket ( food 
r\nd its neck1 scrat*+ away ! sn[ "u :i*
 a wayf>] 0 suppos$ to lie buri$4 ,=    
f9d+ lo/ travell]s1 inde$1 !y are1 z ,i 
0 assur$ by ! monks1 9 no-wise adapt$2  
_! function1 & a mo/ important "o x is1 
is to f9d ! direct pa? up & d[n ! pass1 
:5 x is cov]$ ) sn[1 & 9 ?is duty !y are
 unrivall$4 ,=tunately1 ! fro/s _h be5 v
 sev]e1 s t we 7 able to tramp *e]ily   
ov] ! crisp sn[1 in/ead ( hav+ to und]go
 ! fatigue ( s9k+ up to our knees at e  
/ep4 ,b probably ! poor fell[s d[n bel[ 
wi%$ t ! fro/ _h be5 light]1 & our walk 
heavi]4 ,! sc5e 0 gr& 9 its wildness4   
,huge cl\ds hung along ! m\nta9-sides at
 our feet1 n[ :irl+ boi/]\sly1 n[ creep+
 sull5ly along2 & r\gh gu/s ( w9d da%$ !
 sn[ ) bl9d+ coldness into our faces1 & 
produc$ on e>s & nose a t+l+ t]ribly    
sugge/ive ( fro/-bites4 ,x 0 unusual1   
,m4 ,*ri/ophe said1 = ! fa!rs !mselves  
to g out 9 se>* ( travell]s2 ! latt]    

g5]ally wait$ at ! h\se ( refuge ne> !  
,cant9e1 or t ne> ,/4 ,remy1 & a s]vant 
0 s5t d[n ) a dog to lead !m up2 b 9    
cases l ! pres5t1 :]e se>* mu/ be made 9
 diff]5t directions1 x 0 ( advantage to 
h ?ree or f\r p ) local k to jo9 9 x4   
,beside1 ! exp$ition 0 a relief to !    
ord9>y monotony ( conv5t life2 ?\gh !   
k9dness ( ,engli% travell]s _h done mu* 
= ! com=t ( ! bre?r51 9 supply+ !m )    
musical in/rum5ts1 books1 & simil> means
 ( recreation4 ,! circum/ances "u :i* ! 
,pr9ce ( ,wales s5t !m _! piano 7 curi\s
 en\gh4 ,he _h b\ght "o ( ! dogs1 :i*1  
be+ q "y & v fat1 0 giv5 into ! *>ge ( a
 port] to c>ry d[n4 ,! man /upidly let x
 fall1 & x 0 kill$ on ! spot4 ,! pr9ce  
7?is 0 "s "t ago7 bur/ into te>s1 & 0   
almo/ inconsolable2 b ! monks1 on he>+ (
 ! loss1 s5t ano!r dog1 :i* ! pr9ce     
receiv$ :ile at ,m>tigny2 & :5 he rea*$ 
,p>is1 he =w>d$1 z a royal ackn[l$gm5t =
 ! gift1 "o ( ,er>d's be/ piano-=tes1   
:i* has be5 ! great *e]] ( _! w9t]      
ev5+s1 & on :i* !y set no small /ore4   

,pleasantly *att+ aft] ?is fa%ion1 my   
fri5d beguil$ ! way to ! h\se ( refuge1 
:i* we rea*$ be=e t5 o'clock1 & :]e we  
f\nd collect$ ab\t five-&-tw5ty p1 wait+
 to be l$ up to ! hospice4 ,leav+ !m 9  
*>ge ( "o ( ! monks1 we proce$$ along ! 
valley :]e ! va*]ie ( ! hospice is      
situat$1 t[>d ! ,col de la ,f5etre1 9   
se>* ( ! man & woman :o 7 miss+4 ,x     
appe>$ t !y 7 natives ( ! ,val de ,lys1 
:i* desc5ds f ,monte ,rosa t[>d ,italy1 
& ! inhabitants ( :i* h1 f "t           
immemorial1 held !mselves alo( f all    
communication ) _! neighbors1 & h =m$ ( 
_! little community a sort ( nation )9 a
 nation1 to :i* a native ( ,alagna or   
,/4 ,m>t9 w\ld h no m *ance ( be+       
admitt$ by m>riage1 ?an a re=m] ( !     
fran*ise w\ld ( be+ elect$ a memb] ( !  
,c>lton ,club4 ,s we discov]$ t ! two   
lo/ %eep1 presum+ on _! =tunate accid5t 
( bir?1 _h be5 sne]+ at ! o!rs z hav+   
be5 rais$ 9 ! c\ntry ( cret9s & lean    
pigs1 & _h excit$ su* a /orm ( abuse    
ab\t _! e>s1 t1 f9d+ !mselves only two  

to tw5ty1 !y #cdg _h beat5 a retreat1 & 
decid$ to sleep at ! c[-hut4 ,at ?is we 
arriv$ 9 ab\t half an h\r2 b x 0 evid5t 
t x _h n be5 t5ant$ = "s weeks by any?+ 
b m>mots1 ( :i* we saw a c\ple scudd+   
along ) t awkw>d mixture ( scrat* &     
%uffle :i* is _! ord9>y mode (          
locomotion4 ,f "h we ea* made ca/s1 to  
use ! hunt+ phrase1 9 diff]5t           
directions1 especially try+ places :i*  
lay on ! leew>d side ( rocks1 & on :i*1 
!re=e1 any tracks might n h be5 effac$  
by ! night's sn[4 ,a diabolical yell1   
:i* 0 ! result ( an attempt to imitate !
 jo$el ( ! ,ob]l& guides1 met ) no human
 response1 b 0 tak5 up1 z x seem$1 by a 
*orus ( imps 9 ! dep?s ( ! m\nta92 & by 
! multiply+ e*oes s common 9 ,switz]l& 0
 c>ri$ on f crag to crag1 till x appe>$ 
to be lo/ only at ! top ( ! valley4 ,we 
fix$ on a po9t ab\t a mile (f at :i* to 
reunite1 z :at 0 sn[ 9 ! l[] "p ( !     
valley w\ld be ice high] up1 & w\ld     
probably be cross$ by crevasses1 among  
:i* x w\ld be dang]\s to g s+ly1 & )\t !

 protection ( ! rope4 ,pres5tly !re came
 a %\t f ! extreme left ( our qu>tett1 &
 we saw ! "y m>ronni] 7t is1 a          
half-fl$g$ monk or deacon7 /&+ on ! top 
( "s rocks1 & indulg+ 9 v>i\s           
contortions & ge/iculations1 :i* we     
int]pret$ z a summons = our help2 & :5  
we rea*$ him1 he want$ x badly en\gh1 = 
"r be=e him 7 ! objects ( our se>*2 b h[
 to get at !m 0 a problem :i* requir$   
all our skill & all our /r5g? = its     
solution4  ,he _h come to :]e ! glaci]  
jo9$ ! rocks ov] :i* our c\rse _h hi!rto
 be51 :5 8 progress 0 /opp$ by a        
b]gs*rund or deep *asm betwe5 a ne>ly   
p]p5dicul> wall ( rock on "o side1 & a  
wall ( ice on ! o!r1 incl9$ at an angle 
( probably sixty-five degrees4 ,on rea*+
 ?is1 we c\ld see ! fugitives ab\t fifty
 feet bel[ u1 & 7 reliev$ by ! assurance
 t !y 7 nei!r ( !m s]i\sly injur$1      
except by ! cold1 :i* _h made !m unable 
to d any?+ to extricate !mselves4 ,x 0  
evid5t t no?+ c\ld be done f ! side ( ! 
rocks1 s we made our way z              

quickly-z-possible along ! side ( !     
b]gs*rund1 to cross on to ! glaci]4 ,?is
 involv$ a long det\r2 b ! b]gs*rund 0  
too wide to be jump$1 & f> too /eep to  
be scal$1 :ile ! insecurity ( !         
sn[-bridges ov] x 0 app>5t4 ,at la/ we  
f\nd "o t seem$ solid1 & ,m4 ,*ri/ophe  
l$ ! way ^u x boldly1 b _h sc>cely rea*$
 ! middle1 :5 x sudd5ly broke d[n2 & b =
 ! rope--t great protection (           
m\nta9e]s--he w\ld h _h v little *ance (
 see+ ! hospice aga94 ,z x 01 ,i 0 !    
*ief suff]]1 = ,i happ5$ to be second 9 
l9e1 & _h my wai/ 7r\nd :i* ! rope 0 ti$
 9 a slip-knot7 r$uc$ to wasp-l         
proportions by ! j]k ( a man ( f\rte5   
/one fall+ 9 front1 & ! c\nt]act+ /ra9  
:i* my re>-rank man =?) put on beh9d4   
,at la/ we cross$1 & ha/ily made our way
 to ! sc5e ( action4 ,i h e/imat$ !     
angle ( ! ice-wall at sixty-five        
degrees1 & trem5d\s z t incl9ation is1  
,i believe ,i h r und]/at$ x1 ?\gh1 z my
 cl9omet] 0 left beh9d1 ,i c\ld only    
comp>e x m5tally ) ! well-kn[n ice-wall 

on ! ,/rahleck1 :i* seem$ ab\t fifte5   
degrees less4 ,our rope 0 ab\t t5 feet  
too %ort to rea* ! bottom1 s ! axe 0    
br\ght into requisition to cut /eps = t 
di/ance1 & to c>ve out a l$ge :i* %\ld  
give u secure h&-hold z well4 ,?is done1
 we let d[n ! rope2 b ! man's f+]s 7 s  
b5umb$ ) ! night's exposure1 t he 0     
unable to tie x r\nd 8 wife2 & ?\gh %e  
(f]$ to atta* x to him fir/1 he refus$  
to be drawn up until aft] h]4 ,?is      
punctilio seem$ r misplac$1 z x involv$ 
#cdh ! desc5t ( "o ( our numb]2 b y _c  
argue ) a man :o has sp5t ! night 9 !   
he>t ( a glaci]2 s ! lighte/ ( our p>ty 
lo/ no "t 9 desc5d+1 :i* 0 only         
difficult f ! pi]c+ cold t 0 beg9n+ to  
get ! bett] ( u1 & :i* 0 s b5umb+1 t    
cutt+ ! five-&-fifty /eps = ! desc5t 0 a
 r =midable task4  ,! appe>ance ( !     
girl's face--%e 0 sc>cely m ?an a girl--
 0 "o to fix itself 9 ! memory4 ,x 0    
:ite--almo/ z :ite z ! sn[ :i* _h s     
ne>ly =m$ h] cold w9d+-%eet2 /a9s (     
blood 7 on ! blue lips1 :i* %e _h       

involunt>ily bitt5 ?r\gh 9 t night's    
agony4 ,h] l>ge ,italian eyes seem$     
fasc9at$ by ! wall ( sn[ at :i* %e gl>$2
 & ev5 n[1 :5 rescue 0 c]ta91 %e c\ld   
only bur/ into a flood ( te>s1 &        
repeat$ly ejaculate g]ettet6 7sav$67    
hav+ aga9 sunk into ! cr\*+ position f  
:i* ! "q z to ! rope _h r\s$ h]4 ,! te>s
 inde$ gave relief to ! he>t ov] :i* a  
%ad[ ( a t]rible dea? _h = long h\rs be5
 brood+4 ,! %ortness ( our rope caus$ ! 
only difficulty 9 ! asc5t2 b we manag$  
to hew out a sort ( /age on ! ice at :i*
 we c\ld re/ ) h]1 :ile ! two y\ng]     
monks c>ri$ ! rope to ! top1 & !n       
complet$ h] re/oration to ! upp] day4 ,!
 husb&'s asc5t 0 r h>d] ( a*ievem5t1 z 8
 *ill$ limbs made him z helpless z a    
*ild 9 arms1 )\t r$uc+ 8 weight 9 ! same
 proportion2 b aft] "s awkw>d slips1 x 0
 manag$2 & hav+ refre%$ ! inn] man1 we  
made our way pa9fully t[>d ! hospice1   
oblig+ ! husb& to walk1 9 spite ( !     
agony :i* x caus$ him1 z ! only means ( 
sav+ 8 limbs4 ,we !n le>n$ t on !       

previ\s ev5+ !y _h />t$ = ! *alet1 !    
situation ( :i* 0 well kn[n to !m1 b _h 
be5 completely envelop$ 9 a cl\d ( ?ick 
mi/ :i* _h ris5 f ! valley1 & _h obscur$
 _! way2 t aft] num]\s turn+s1 !y _h    
decid$1 j be=e d>kness came on1 to make 
_! way up ! ,/4 ,b]n>d valley1 kn[+ t 9 
"t !y mu/ come to ! hospice1 b t !y _h  
actually mi/ak5 = x ! valley lead+ up to
 ! ,col de la ,f5etre1 :i* is ne>ly at  
"r angles to ! o!r1 & _h come ^u !      
b]gs*rund at a po9t :]e !re 0 =tunately 
a huge cornice ( sn[4 ,on ?is !y mu/ h  
unwitt+ly walk$1 z !y believ$1 = _m     
y>ds1 :5 x sudd5ly gave way ) t t]rible 
ru%+ s\nd at :i* mo/ explor]s ( ! great 
ice-_w h %udd]$ once or twice 9 _!      
lives4 ,=tunately1 an imm5se mass ( sn[ 
gave way1 & its bulk broke _! fall1 &   
sav$ !m f be+ da%$ ) fatal viol5ce aga9/
 ! rocks4 ,!y 7 w>mly clad1 & _h !      
c\rage to keep 9 motion dur+ ne>ly !    
:ole night1 p]=m+ an evolution          
correspond+ to ! goose-/ep ( !          
volunte]s1 z !y d>$ n *ange _! gr\nd 9 !

 d>kness4  ,:5 ! gray morn+ %[$ t !re 0 
no possibility ( _! extricat+ !mselves1 
& ! sn[ fell1 :i* !y knew w\ld hide _!  
track1 ! husb& sank d[n 9 despair1 say+3
 ,nun b$eckt mi* mi5 ,grabtu* 7,n[ my   
%r\d is cov]+ me7--& two h\rs ( inaction
 7 suffici5t to all[ ! cold to seize 8  
h&s & feet4 ,x 0 curi\s to obs]ve h[1 z 
we glean$ ! /ory f husb& & wife1 ea*    
prais$ ! o!r's endurance1 & depreciat$ 8
 or h] own4 ,!y _h only be5 m>ri$ at    
,gressonnay ,/4 ,giacomo f\r days be=e1 
& 7 on _! way to ! celebrat$ wood-c>v+  
manufactory at ,freyburg4 ,we _h ne>ly  
rea*$ ! hospice1 hav+ _h h>d "w 9 help+ 
our fri5d to walk1 & 9 beat+ 8 f+]s     
sm>tly to re/ore circulation1 :5 ! girl1
 :o _h refus$ our aid en r\te1 sudd5ly  
gave a %riek & fa9t$ away4 ,! cause (   
?is _h n to be s\ght = long4 ,our pa? _h
 l$ #cdi u close by ! ,morgue1 9 :i*1 z 
is well kn[n1 ! r>ity ( ! air pres]ves !
 corpses s ?or\ghly t !y reta9 = ye>s ! 
appe>ance ( only rec5t dea?4 ,!re1 plac$
 upright aga9/ ! wall1 is ! gha/ly r[2 &

 "o figure--t ( a woman ) a *ild 9 h]   
arms-- is especially noticeable = hav+  
pres]v$ n only ! features1 b ev5 !      
expression :i* m>k$ ! la/ agony (       
despair4 ,to see ^!1 y mu/ g5]ally wait 
"s mom5ts be=e y\r eyes get accu/om$ to 
! dim light 9 :i* !y are2 b on ?is      
occasion1 ! gl>e reflect$ f ! sn[ ?rew !
 :ole int]ior ( ! *>nel-h\se into full  
view1 & ! revulsion ( feel+ 0 too mu* = 
! poor girl1 :o _h s n>r[ly escap$ a    
simil> fate4 ,%e 0 borne into ! hospice1
 & soon recov]$2 & on ! foll[+ morn+1   
bo? 7 able to resume _! j\rney1 ?\gh x 0
 fe>$ by ! monks1 :o _h _h l>ge exp]i5ce
 ( fro/bites1 t "o ( ! man's f+]s w\ld  
be sacrific$4 ,!y 7 pr(use 9 _!         
gratitude1 & left1 det]m9$ t !          
sup]iority ( ! inhabitants ( ! ,val de  
,lys ov] all o!r ,pi$montese1 ,italians1
 & ,savoy>ds1 0 n be/ ma9ta9$ by sp5d+ a
 night 9 a b]gs*rund4  ----  ,f ,!      
,mon?4  ,,con/ance ,,%]wood4  ,,an      
,,autobiography ,,( ,,! ,,sixte5?       
,,c5tury4   ,,by ,,lady ,,georgiana     

,,full]ton4   ,,*apt] ,,vi4  ,i 0 to    
travel1 z _h be5 ord]$ = our mutual     
conv5i5ce & protection1 ) ,mi/ress ,w>d1
 a g5tlewoman :o resid$ "s mon?s 9 our  
vic9ity1 & _h he>d mass 9 our *apel on  
su* r>e occasions z ( late _h occurr$1  
:5 a prie/ 0 at our h\se1 & we _h       
commodity to give notice !re( to su* z 7
 ,ca?olic 9 ! adjac5t villages4 ,we _h )
 u on ! j\rney two s]v+-m5 & a          
wait+-woman1 :o _h be5 my "m's          
*amb]maid2 & s accompani$1 we set out on
 our way1 s++ z we w5t1 = great] safety1
 ! litanies ( our ,lady2 to :om we did  
comm5d ourselves1 z my fa!r _h will$ u  
to d1 ) _m f]v5t pray]s4 ,! g5tlewoman  
to ^: *>ge ,i 0 committ$ 0 a lady (     
s+ul> zeal & discretion1 z well z great 
virtue2 albeit1 :]e religion 0 n        
conc]n$1 ( an exce$+ timid disposition2 
:i*1 to my no small div]sion !n1 & great
 %ame s9ce1 ,i took p>ticul> notice ( on
 ?is j\rney4 ,mu* talk _h be5 m9i/]$ 9 !
 c\nty t\*+ ! numb] ( rogues & vagabonds
 :i* infe/$ ! public roads1 ( :i* sundry

 _h be5 tak5 up & :ipp$ dur+ ! la/      
mon?s1 9 ,li*field1 ,/af=d1 & o!r       
places4 ,i did p]ceive t good ,mi/ress  
,w>d glanc$ uneasily z we rode along at 
e foot-pass5g] or horseman t came 9     
sight4 ,albeit my he>t 0 heavy1 & may be
 also t :5 ! affections are incl9$ to   
te>s !y be likewise prone to laught]1 ,i
 sc>ce c\ld re/ra9 f smil+ at ^! h] fe>s
 & ! mann] ( h] %[+ !m4  ,mi/ress       
,con/ance1 %e said at la/1 z we came to 
! foot ( a /eep #cej asc5t1 me?9ks y h a
 great he>t conc]n+ ! dang]s :i* may    
befall u on ! road1 & t ! sight ( a     
robb] w\ld move y n "o :it m ?an t ( an 
hone/ p$l] or hawk]1 su* z ,i take ^? m5
 to be :o are m\nt+ ! hill 9 advance (  
u4 ,do? x n seem to y t ! box :i* !y d  
c>ry betok5s !m to be su* wor?y p]sons z
 ,i wi% !m to prove8  ,n[ surely1 ,i    
answ]$1 good ,mi/ress ,w>d1 'tis my     
op9ion t !y be n su* hone/ knaves z y d 
suppose4 ,i p]ceive some:at ,i mislike 9
 ! %ape ( t box4 ,:at an if x be fram$  
to entice travell]s to _! ru9 by su*    

displays & %[s ( r>e ribbons & gewgaws z
 may prove ! means ( deta9+ !m on !     
road1 & a-robb+ ( !m 9 ! end8  ,mi/ress 
,w>d laugh$1 & comm5d$ my je/+1 b 0 yet 
ill at ease2 &1 z a mis*iev\s &         
?\ghtless creature1 ,i did some:at      
excite & ma9ta9 h] fe>s1 9 ord] to set  
h] on ask+ que/ions ( our att5dants t\*+
 ! p]ils ( ! road1 :i* l$ !m to relate  
su* fe>ful /ories ( :at !y _h se5 ( ?is 
sort z s]v$ to increase h] appreh5sions1
 & greatly to div]t me1 :o _h n ! l     
fe>s2 b r ent]ta9$ myself ) h]s1 9 a    
mann] su* z ,i h be5 s9ce a%am$ to ?9k  
(1 :o %\ld h kiss$ ! gr\nd on :i* %e _h 
trodd54  ,! fairness ( ! sky1 ! beauty (
 ! fields & h$ges1 ! motion ( ! horse1  
/irr$ up my spirits2 albeit my he>t 0 at
 mom5ts s brimful ( sorr[ t ,i hat$ my  
tongue = its wantonness1 my eyes = _!   
curi\s gaz+1 & my fancy = its eag]      
?\ghts an5t ,london & ! new sc5es ,i    
%\ld behold !re4 ,:at mo/ly dwelt 9 !m 0
 ! hope to see my ,lady ,surrey1 ( :om  
,i _h _h ( late b brief & scanty tid+s4 

,! la/ lett] ,i _h f h] 0 writ at ! "t  
:5 ! ,duke ( ,norfolk 0 = ! second "t   
?r[n 9 ! ,t[]1 :i* %e said 0 ! greate/  
sorr[ t _h befall5 h] s9ce ! dea? ( my  
,lady ,m\nteagle1 :i* _h happ5$ at 8    
grace's h\se a few mon?s back1 ) all !  
assi/ance %e desir$ t\*+ h] religion4   
,%e _h be5 urg$1 my ,lady ,surrey said1 
by ! duke "s "t be=e to d some?+ contr>y
 to h] fai?2 b ?\gh %e mu* e/eem$ &     
respect$ him1 h] answ] 0 s r\nd &       
resolute t he nev] m5tion$ ! l to h] any
 m4 ,s9ce !n ,i _h no m tid+s ( h]1 :o 0
 de>] to me ?an our brief acqua9tance & 
! sl5d] tie ( su* correspond5ce z _h    
tak5 place betwe5 u might 9 mo/ cases   
w>rant2 b :e!r ow+ to "s cong5iality (  
m9d1 or to a pres5tim5t ( future        
fri5d%ip1 'tis mo/ c]ta9 my he>t 0 b\nd 
to h] 9 an extraord9>y mann]2 s t %e 0 !
 cont9ual !me ( my ?\ghts & mirror ( my 
fancy4  ,! fir/ night ( our j\rney we   
lay at a small inn1 :i* 0 held by p]sons
 ,mi/ress ,w>d 0 acqua9t$ )1 & by :om we
 7 ent]ta9$ 9 a dec5t *amb]1 look+ on   

unto a little g>d51 & ) z mu* com=t z ! 
fa%ion ( ! place might af=d1 & great]   
cleanl9ess ?an is (t5 to be f\nd 9 l>g] 
ho/elries4 ,aft] supp]1 be+ some:at we>y
 ) travel1 b n yet incl9$ = b$1 & ! ev5+
 f9e1 we sat out ( doors 9 a b[] (      
eglant9e ne> to "s bee-hives1 ( :i* our 
ho/ess _h a great /ore2 & me?9ks %e took
 example f !m1 = we c\ld see h] ?r\gh ! 
w9d[ z busy 9 ! kit*5 among/ h] maids z 
! que5-bee amid/ h] subjects4 ,mi/ress  
,w>d took occasion to obs]ve1 z we wat*$
 "o ( ^! little commonweal?s ( nature1 t
 %e admir$ h[ !y d live1 labor+ & sw>m+1
 & ga!r+ honey toge!r s neat & f9ely1 t 
!y abhor no?+ s mu* z uncleanl9ess1     
dr9k+ pure & cle> wat]1 ev5 ! dew-drops 
on ! leaves & fl[]s1 #cea & delight+ 9  
sweet music1 :i* if !y he> b once out ( 
tune !y fly out ( sight4  ,!y live1 %e  
said1 "u a law1 & use great rev]5ce to  
_! eld]s4 ,e "o ha? 8 (fice2 "s trimm+ !
 honey1 ano!r fram+ hives1 ano!r !      
combs4 ,:5 !y g =? to "w1 !y m>k ! w9d &
 ! cl\ds1 & :atsoev] do? ?reat5 _! ru92 

& hav+ ga!r$1 out ( e fl[]1 honey1 !y   
return load$ 9 _! m\?s & on _! w+s1 :om 
!y t t>ri$ at home receive readily1 eas+
 _! backs ( _! great bur!ns ) z great   
c>e z c be ?\ght (4  ,me?9ks1 ,i answ]$1
 t if x be z y say1 ,mi/ress ,w>d1 !    
bees be wis] ?an m54  ,at ! :i* %e      
smil$2 b )al1 sigh+1 made reply3  ,"o   
might h wi%$ ( late ye>s r to be a bee  
?an su* z we see m5 sometimes to be4 ,b1
 ,mi/ress ,con/ance1 if !y are inde$ s  
wise & s happy1 'tis t !y are fix$ 9 a  
condition 9 :i* !y mu/ ne$s d ! w ( him 
:o creat$ !m2 & ! l wisdom & happ9ess 9 
a f> high] /ate we may ourselves enjoy1 
if we d b *oose ( our free w to live by 
! same rule4  ,!n1 aft] "s fur!r        
disc\rse on ! habits ( ^! little        
citiz5s1 ,i inquir$ ( ,mi/ress ,w>d if  
%e 7 acqua9t$ ) m9e aunt1 ,mi/ress      
,congleton2 at ! :i* "q %e seem$        
surpris$1 & said1  ,me?\ght1 my de>1 y  
_h kn[n my condition 9 y\r aunt's       
family1 hav+ be5 gov]ness = _m ye>s to  
h] ?ree daught]s1 & only by reason ( my 

si/]'s sickness hav+ /ay$ away f !m = "s
 "t4  ,at ! :i* intellig5ce ,i greatly  
rejoic$2 = ! few h\rs we _h rode toge!r1
 & our disc\rse t ev5+1 _h wr\ght 9 me a
 lik+ = ?is lady z great z c\ld arise 9 
s %ort a p]iod4 ,b ,i m9d$ me !n ( my   
je/s at h] fe>s an5t robb]s1 & also (   
hav+ be5 less dutiful 9 my mann]s ?an ,i
 %\ld h be5 t[>d "o :o 0 l to be set ov]
 me2 & ,i likewise be?\ght me ?is might 
be ! cause t %e _h spok5 ( ! bees hav+ a
 rev]5ce = _! eld]s1 & d\bt$ if ,i %\ld 
crave h] p>don = my want ( x4 ,b1 l _m  
good ?\ghts :i* we give n ent]ta9m5t to 
by reason t !y be irksome1 ,i *ang$ t   
int5t = "o :i* _h 9 x m ( pleasantness1 
?\gh less ( virtue4 ,kiss+ h]1 ,i said x
 0 ! be/ news ,i _h he>d = a long "t t  
,i %\ld live 9 ! same h\se ) h]1 &1 z ,i
 hop$1 "u h] c>e & good gov]nm5t4 ,& %e 
answ]$1 t %e 0 well pleas$ ) x too1 &   
w\ld be a good fri5d to me z long z %e  
liv$4 ,!n ,i ask$ h] t\*+ my c\s9s1 & ( 
_! sundry looks & qualities4 ,%e answ]$1
 t ! elde/1 ,kate1 0 v fair1 & said no?+

 fur!r conc]n+ h]4 ,polly1 %e told me1 0
 m>vell\s witty & v pleasant1 & c\ld    
give a quick answ]1 full ( ent]ta9+     
conceits4  ,& is %e1 !n1 n fair8 ,i     
ask$4  ,nei!r fair nor f\l1 0 h] reply2 
b well favor$ en\gh1 & has an excell5t  
head4  ,!n1 ,i cri$1 lett+ my words     
exce$ good behavior1 ,i %all l h] bett] 
?an ! pretty fool h] si/]4 ,= ! :i*     
spee* ,i receiv$ ! fir/1 b n ! la/1 *id+
 ,i ev] _h f ,mi/ress ,w>d = fooli%     
talk+ & p]t behavior1 :i* 0 :at ,i v    
well des]v$4 ,:5 %e _h done speak+1 ,i  
put my arm r\nd h] neck--= x put me 9   
m9d ( my "m to be s gravely yet s       
sweetly correct$--& said1 ,=give me1 de>
 ,mi/ress ,w>d1 = my saucy words1 & tell
 me some:at ,i besee* y t\*+ my y\nge/  
c\s91 :o mu/ be ne>e/ to m9e own age4   
,%e is no pe>l to hang at "o's e>1 quo? 
%e1 yet s gift$ ) a well-dispos$ m9d t 9
 h] grace #ceb seems almo/ to sup]s$e   
nature4 ,muriel is de=m$ 9 body1 & sl[ 9
 spee*2 b 9 behavior s hone/1 9 pray] s 
dev\t1 s noble 9 all h] deal+s1 t ,i    

nev] he>d h] speak any?+ t ei!r conc]n$ 
n good in/ruction or godly mir?4  ,& do?
 %e n c>e to be ugly8 ,i ask$4  ,s      
little do? %e value beauty1 quo?        
,mi/ress ,w>d1 save 9 ! admir+ ( x 9    
o!rs1 t ,i h kn[n h] to look into a     
glass & smil+ cry out1 ',?is face 7 fair
 if x 7 turn$ & e feature ! opposite to 
:at x is2' & s je/ pleasantly at h] own 
de=mities1 & w\ld h o!rs d s too4 ,oh1  
%e is a r>e treasure ( goodness & piety1
 & a true com=t to h] fri5ds6  ,)       
su*like pleasant disc\rse we :il$ away !
 "t until go+ to re/2 & next day 7 on   
horseback betimes on our way to         
,cov5try1 :]e we 7 to lie t night at !  
h\se ( ,mr4 ,page1 a ,ca?olic1 albeit n 
op5ly1 by reason ( ! times4 ,?is        
g5tleman is = 8 hospitality s mu*       
haunt$1 t no news /irs b comes to 8 e>s1
 & no g5tlefolks pass 8 door b h a      
*e]ful welcome to 8 h\se2 & 'tis said no
 music is s sweet to 8 e>s z des]v$     
?anks4 ,he v\*saf$ mu* favor to u1 & by 
8 m]ry spee*es procur$ u mu* ent]ta9m5t1

 provok+ me to laught] !reby m ?an ,i   
desir$4 ,he took u to see ,/4 ,m>y's    
,hall1 :i* is a build+ :i* has n its    
equal = magnific5ce 9 any t[n ,i h se51 
no1 n ev5 9 ,london4 ,z we walk$ ?r\gh !
 /reets he %[$ u a w9d[ 9 :i* 0 an      
inscription1 set up 9 ! reign ( ,k+     
,ri*>d ! ,second1 :i* did run ?us3      
,i1 ,luri*e1 = ! love ( !e   ,d make    
,cov5try toll free4  ,& fur!r on1 !     
figure ( ,peep+ ,tom ( ,cov5try1 t false
 knave ,i 0 s angry ) :5 my fa!r 7ah1   
me6 h[ %>p & sudd5 0 ! pa9 :i* w5t ?r\gh
 my he>t z ,i call$ to m9d ! h\rs ,i 0  
wont to sit on 8 knee he>k5+ to ! l     
tales7 told me ! /ory ( ! ,lady ,godiva1
 :o won m]cy = h] t[nsfolk by a ride :i*
 none _h d>$ to take b "o s holy z      
h]self4 ,&1 z ,i said be=e1 be+ !n 9 a  
humor z prone to te>s at "o mom5t z     
laught] at ano!r1 ,i fell to weep+ = !  
noble lady :o _h be5 9 s sore a /rait t 
%e mu/ ne$s h *os5 betwe5 comply+ ) h]  
savage "l's conditions or ! mis]y ( h]  
poor cli5ts4 ,:5 ,mr4 ,page notic$ my   

te>s1 :i* fl[$ p>tly = myself & p>tly = 
"o :o _h be5 long dead1 b yet liv$ 9 !  
he>ts ( ^! citiz5s1 he s\ght to *e] me  
by ! recital ( ! fair & r>e pageant :i* 
do? take place e ye> 9 ,cov5try1 & is ( 
! mo/ admirable beauty1 & su* z is n    
witness$ 9 any o!r city 9 ! _w4 ,he said
 ,i %\ld n weep if ,i 7 to see x1 :i* he
 v mu* desir$ ,i %\ld2 & he hop$ he     
might be !n alive1 & ride by my side 9 !
 procession z my esquire2 at ! :i* ,i   
smil$1 = ! good g5tleman _h a face &    
figure su* z w\ld n grace a pageant1 &  
me?\ght ,i might be a%am$ "s ye>s h5ce  
to h him = my knight2 & ,i said1 ,good  
,mr4 ,page1 be ! %utt]s clos$ on ^? days
 z :5 ! ,lady ,godiva rode8 at ! :i* he 
laugh$1 & answ]$1  ,no2 & t = "o ,tom :o
 !n peep$1 !re 7 a ?\s& eyes to gaze on 
! %[ z x pass$4  ,!n if x please y1 sir1
 :5 ! "t comes1 ,i said1 ,i w\ld l to   
look on & n to ride2 & he repli$1 x %\ld
 be z ,i pleas$2 & ) su* m]ry disc\rse  
we sp5t ! "t till supp] 0 ready4 ,&     
aft]w>d t good g5tleman slack5$ n 8     

ef=ts 9 ent]ta9+ u2 b relat$ s _m       
laughable /ories1 & took s great notice 
( me1 t ,i 0 mov$ to answ] him sometimes
 9 a mann] too =w>d = my ye>s4 ,he told 
u ( ! que5's visit to t #cec city1 & t !
 mayor1 :o _h he>d h] grace's maje/y    
consid]$ poets1 & h]self wrote v]ses1   
?\ght to comm5d himself to h] favor by  
su* r>e rhymes z ^!1 :]e) he did greet  
h] at h] entrance into ! t[n3    ,we1 ! 
m5 ( ,cov5try1   ,be pleas$ to see y\r  
maje/y1   ,good ,"l6 h[ fair y be6  at !
 :i* h] highness made b an in/ant's     
pause1 & !n /raightway repli$1    ,x    
please? well h] maje/y   ,to see ! m5 ( 
,cov5try4   ,good ,"l6 :at fools y be6  
,b1 quo? ,mr4 ,page1 ! good man 0 s well
 pleas$ t ! ,que5 _h answ]$ 8 complim5t1
 t 'tis said he has _h h] maje/y's spee*
 fram$1 & hung up 9 8 p>lor4  ,pity 'tis
 n 9 ! t[n-hall1 ,i cri$2 & he laugh+   
comm5d$ me = %>pness2 b ,mi/ress ,w>d   
said3  ,a %>p tongue 9 a woman's head 0 
always a /++ weapon2 b 9 a que5's %e    
pray$ ,god x might nev] prove a mur!r\s 

"o4 ,:i* words some:at *eck$ our        
m]rim5t1 = t !y savor$ ( rebuke to me = 
=w>d spee*1 & ,i we5 awoke 9 ,mr4 ,page 
?\ghts ( a grav] sort4  ,:5 we rode     
?r\gh ! t[n next day1 he w5t ) u = !    
space ( "s miles1 & !n bade u f>ewell ) 
s+ul> c\rtesy1 & pr(essions ( good w &  
pr(f]$ s]vice if we %\ld d him ! good at
 any "t to rememb] 8 poor h\se2 :i* we  
told him he _h giv5 u suffici5t reason n
 to =get4 ,t[>d ev5+1 :5 ! sun 0 sett+1 
we did see ! t[]s ( ,w>wick ,ca/le2 & ,i
 w\ld fa9 h disc]n$ ! "o :i* do? be> !  
"n ( ! great e>l :o 9 a poor pilgrim's  
g>b slew ! giant ,colbr&1 & ! cave 'nea?
 ,guy's ,cliff :]e he sp5t 8 la/ ye>s 9 
pray]4 ,b ! light 0 decl9+ z we rode    
into ,leam+ton1 :]e we lay t night1 &   
d>kness hid f u t fair c\ntry1 :i*      
me?\ght 0 a meet abode = su* z w\ld lead
 a h]mit's life4  ,! next day we _h !   
longe/ ride & ! hotte/ sun we _h yet met
 )2 & at noon we halt$ to re/ 9 a ?icket
 on ! roadside1 :i* we made our         
pavilion1 & f :i* our eyes did fea/     

!mselves on a delightful prospect4 ,!re 
7 heights on "o side g>ni%$ ) /ately    
oaks1 & a mead[ betwixt ! road & ! hill 
enamell$ ) all sorts ( pleas+ fl[]s1 &  
/or$ ) %eep1 :i* 7 fe$+ 9 sob] security4
 ,mi/ress ,w>d1 :o 0 greatly tir$ ) !   
j\rney1 fell asleep ) h] head on h] h&1 
& ,i pull$ f my pocket a volume ) :i*   
,mr4 ,page _h gift$ me at p>t+1 & :i*   
conta9$ sundry tales an5t ,amadis de    
,gaul1 ,huon de ,bordeaux1 ,palm]9 (    
,engl&1 & su*like fam\s knights1 :i* he 
said1 z ,i knew h[ to read1 = :i* he    
greatly comm5d$ my p>5ts' c>e1 ,i %\ld  
ent]ta9 myself ) on ! road4 ,s1 "o-half 
sitt+1 "o-half ly+ on ! grass1 ,i recl9$
 9 an easy po/ure1 ) my head re/+ aga9/ 
! trunk ( a tree1 pleas+ my fancy ) !   
writ]s' conceits2 b ev] & anon lift+ my 
eyes to ! blue sky above my head1 se5   
?r\gh ! gre5 bran*es1 or fix$ !m on !   
qua9t patt]ns ! quiv]+ light drew on !  
grass1 or else on ! valley refre%$ ) a  
silv] riv]1 & ! fair hills beyond x4 ,& 
z ,i read ( knights & ladies1 & ! _m    

p]ils :i* befel !m1 & passages ( love   
betwixt !m1 :i* 0 new to me1 & :at ,i _h
 n met ) 9 any ( ! books ,i _h yet read1
 ,i fell into a fit ( mus+1 wond]+ if 9 
,london ! folks ,i %\ld see w\ld        
disc\rse 9 ! same fa%ion1 & ! g5tlem5 h 
s mu* brav]y & ! ladies s great beauty z
 ^? my book treat$ (4 ,& z ,i notic$ x 0
 *iefly on ! high-roads !y did come into
 su* dang]\s adv5tures1 #ced ,i gaz$ z  
f> z ,i c\ld disc]n on ! "o ,i _h 9 view
 be=e me ) a fooli% k9d ( desire = "s   
robb]s to come & assail u1 & !n a great 
nobleman or gallant esquire to ride up &
 fall on !m1 & to deliv] u f a great    
p]il1 & may be to be w\nd$ 9 ! enc\nt]1 
& ,i to b9d up ^? w\nds z f my "m's     
tea*+ ,i knew h[ to d1 & !n give ?anks  
to ! noble g5tleman 9 su* c\rte\s &     
well-pick$ words z ,i c\ld ?9k (4 ,b =  
all my gaz+ ,i c\ld naught p]ceive save 
a wa9 sl[ly asc5d+ ! hill load5 ) corn1 
mid/ cl\ds ( du/1 & "s poor] sort ( p1  
:o _h be5 glean+1 & 7 c>ry+ %eaves on _!
 heads4 ,aft] an h\r ,mi/ress ,w>d awoke

 f h] nap2 & me?9ks ,i _h be5 doz+ also1
 = :5 %e call$ to me1 & said x 0 "t to  
eat some:at1 & !n get to horse1 ,i cri$ 
out1 ,good sir1 ,i wait y\r pleasure2 & 
rubb$ my eyes to see h] /&+ be=e me 9 h]
 rid+-habit1 & n ! g5tleman ^: w\nds ,i 
_h be5 t5d+4  ,t night we slept at      
,nor?ampton1 at ,mi/ress ,eng]field's   
h\se4 ,%e 0 a c\s9 ( ,mr4 ,congleton's1 
& a lady ^: sweet affability & gravity  
w\ld h extort$ rev]5ce f ^? t lea/ lov$ 
h]4 ,%e 0 !n v ag$1 & _h be5 a nun 9 ,k+
 ,h5ry's reign2 &1 s9ce h] conv5t _h be5
 despoil$1 & ! religi\s driv5 out ( x1  
hav+ a l>ge =tune ( h] own1 :i* %e      
inh]it$ ab\t t "t1 %e made h] h\se a    
secret mona/]y1 :]e9 ,god 0 s]v$ 9 a    
religi\s mann] by su* p]sons z !        
circum/ances ( ! "t1 & n _! own desires1
 _h =c$ back into ! _w1 & :o z yet _h   
f\nd no commodity = pass+ beyond seas   
into c\ntries :]e t mann] ( life is     
all[$4 ,!y dress$ 9 sob] black1 & kept  
/at$ h\rs ( pray]1 & w5t n abroad unless
 necessity compell$ !m !reunto4 ,:5 we  

w5t into ! d9+-room1 :i* ,i notic$      
,mi/ress ,eng]field call$ ! refectory1  
grace 0 said 9 ,lat92 & :il/ we did eat 
"o lady read out l\d out ( a book1 :i*  
me?9ks 0 ! life ( a sa9t2 b ! fatigue ( 
! j\rney1 & ! d>kness ( ! room1 :i* 0   
wa9scott$ ) oak-wood1 s ov]p[]$ my s5ses
 ) dr[s9ess1 t be=e ! meal 0 end$ ,i _h 
fall5 asleep1 :i* 0 discov]$1 to my     
great confusion1 :5 ! company rose f    
table4 ,b t good lady1 9 ^: face 0 s    
great a k9dl9ess t ,i nev] saw "o to be 
comp>$ ) x 9 t respect be=e or s9ce1    
took me by ! h& & said1 ,"y eyes wax    
heavy = lack ( re/1 & travell]s %\ld h  
repose4 ,come to ?y *amb]1 sweet "o1 &1 
aft] comm5d+ ?yself by a brief pray] to 
him :o sleepe? n nor slumb]e?1 & to h]  
:o is ! ,"m ( ! mo!rless1 get !e to b$ &
 take ?y fill ( ! sleep ?\ ha/ s great  
ne$ (1 & good angels w wat* ne> !e4     
,oh1 h[ ,i did weep !n1 p>tly f fatigue1
 & p>tly f ! de> com=t h] words did     
yield me1 &1 kneel+1 ask$ h] bless+1 z  
,i _h be5 wont to d ( my de> p>5ts4 ,&  

%e1 ^: c\nt5ance 0 full ( maje/y1 & )al 
( mo/ attractive g5tl5ess1 :i* made me  
deem h] to be m ?an an ord9>y woman1 & a
 great s]vant ( ,god1 z inde$ %e 01     
rais$ me f ! gr\nd1 & h]self assi/$ to  
get me to b$1 hav+ fir/ said my pray]s  
by h] side1 ^: inflam$ devotion1 visible
 9 h] face1 awak5$ 9 me a great] f]vor  
?an ,i _h hi!rto exp]i5c$ :5 p]=m+ ?is  
duty4 ,aft] ,i _h slept heavily = !     
space ( two or ?ree h\rs ,i awoke1 z is 
! wont ( ^? :o be ov]-fatigu$1 & c\ld n 
get to sleep aga91 s t ,i he>d ! clock (
 a *ur* /rike twelve2 & z ! la/ /roke   
fell on my e>1 x 0 foll[$ by a s\nd (   
*ant+1 z if close unto my *amb]1 :i*    
resembl$ :at on r>e occasions ,i _h he>d
 p]=m$ #cee by two or ?ree p]sons 9 our 
*apel2 b "h1 ) s full a concord (       
voices1 & s great melody & sweetness1 t 
me?\ght1 be+ at t "t ( night & e "o ab$1
 x mu/ be ! angels t 7 s++4 ,b ! next   
day1 que/ion+ ,mrs4 ,w>d !reupon z ( a  
/range ?+ :i* _h happ5$ to me1 %e said1 
! ladies 9 t h\se rose always at        

midnight1 z !y _h be5 us$ to d 9 _!     
sev]al conv5ts1 to s+ ,god's praises &  
give him ?anks1 :i* 0 :at !y did v[ to d
 :5 !y became religi\s4 ,be=e we dep>t$1
 ,mi/ress ,eng]field took me into h] own
 room1 :i* 0 small & pla9ly furni%$1 )  
no o!r furniture 9 x b a b$1 table1 &   
kneel+-/ool1 & aga9/ ! wall a l>ge      
crucifix1 & %e be/[$ ^u me a small book 
9 ,fr5*1 titl$ ,! ,spiritual ,combat1   
:i* %e said 0 a treasury ( pi\s ri*es1  
:i* %e c\nsell$ me by frequ5t /udy to   
make my own2 & ) _m pray]s & bless+s %e 
!n bade u ,god-spe$1 & took leave ( u4  
,our la/ day's lodg+ on ! road 0 at     
,b$=d2 & !re be+ no ,ca?olics ( note 9 t
 t[n wont to ent]ta9 travell]s1 we halt$
 at a quiet ho/elry1 :i* 0 kept by v    
dec5t p1 :o %[$ u mu* civility2 & !     
l&lady1 aft] we _h supp$1 ! ev5+ be+    
ra9y 7= else %e said we might h walk$   
?r\gh h] means into ! fair gr\nds ( !   
,abbey ( ,woburn1 :i* %e ?ank$ ,god 0 n 
n[ a hive = drones1 z x _h once be51 b !
 seat ( a wor?y nobleman2 :i* did m     

cr$it to ! t[n1 & drew cu/om]s to !     
inn71 br\ght u = our ent]ta9m5t a huge  
book1 :i* %e said _h z mu* godl9ess 9   
ea* ( its pages z might s]ve to conv]t z
 _m ,papi/s--,god save ! m>k6--z !re 7  
leaves 9 ! volume4 ,my *eeks gl[$ l fire
 :5 %e ?us spoke1 & ,i look$ at ,mi/ress
 ,w>d1 wond]+ :at %e w\ld say4 ,b %e    
only b[$ h] head1 & made pret5ce to op5 
! book1 :i*1 :5 ! good woman 0 gone1    
,mi/ress ,con/ance1 quo? %e1 ?is is a   
book writ by ,mr4 ,fox1 ! ,duke (       
,norfolk's old s*oolma/]1 t\*+ ^? he do?
 call m>tyrs1 :o suff]$ = treason & =   
h]esy 9 ! days ( ,que5 ,m>y1--,god re/  
h] s\l6--& if x ev] did conv]t a ,papi/1
 ,i d n say on 8 dea?b$1 b at any "t ( 8
 life1 except x 0 greatly = 8 own       
int]e/1 ,i be ready4 4 4  ,to be a m>tyr
 y\rself1 ,mi/ress ,w>d1 ,i cri$1 ) my  
ev] too great pron5ess to let my tongue 
loose f re/ra9t4 ,! color rose 9 h]     
*eek1 :i* 0 usually pale1 & %e said3    
,*ild1 ,i 0 ab\t to say1 t 9 ! case ,i h
 nam$1 ,i be ready to =ego ! hope ( t   

:i* ,i ?ank ,god ,i be wise en\gh to    
desire1 ?\gh unwor?y to obta92 b = :i*  
,i d pray ea* day t ,i live4  ,!n w\ld y
 n be afraid to die on a scaffold1 ,i   
ask$1 or to be hang$1 ,mi/ress ,w>d8  ,n
 9 a good cause1 %e said4  ,b be=e !    
words 7 out ( h] m\? our l&lady knock$  
at ! door1 & said a g5tleman 0 9 ! h\se 
) 8 two sons1 :o ask$ to pay _!         
complim5ts to ,mi/ress ,w>d & ! "y lady 
"u h] c>e4 ,! "n ( ?is g5tleman 0       
,rookwood1 ( ,rookwood ,hall 9 ,suffolk1
 & ,mi/ress ,w>d desir$ ! l&lady        
pres5tly to br+ !m 91 = %e _h (t5 met !m
 at my aunt's h\se1 z %e aft]w>d told   
me1 & _h great cont5tm5t we %\ld h su*  
good company "u ! same ro( ) u2 :om :5  
!y came 9 %e v pleasantly receiv$1 &    
in=m$ ,mr4 ,rookwood ( my "n &          
relation%ip to ,mi/ress ,congleton2 :i* 
:5 he he>d1 he ask$ if ,i 0 ,mr4 ,h5ry  
,%]wood's daught]2 :i* be+ c]tifi$ (1 he
 salut$ me1 & said my fa!r 0 at "o "t1  
:5 bo? 7 at college1 ! close/ fri5d t   
ev] he _h1 & 8 e/eem = him 0 s great t  

he w\ld be bett] #cef pleas$ ) ! news t 
he %\ld see him b once aga91 ?an if any 
"o 0 to give him a ?\s& p\nds4 ,i told  
him my fa!r (t5 spake ( him ) s+ul>     
affection1 & t ! lett] ,i %\ld write to 
him f ,london w\ld be m welcome ?an     
any?+ else c\ld make x1 by ! m5tion ( ! 
honor ,i _h _h ( 8 notice4 ,mi/ress ,w>d
 !n ask$ him :at 0 ! news 9 ,london1 f  
:5ce he _h come t morn+4 ,he answ]$ t ! 
news 0 n s good z he w\ld wi% x to be2 =
 t ! que5's m>riage ) monsieur 0 broke  
(f1 & ! ,k+ ( ,france greatly inc5s$ at 
! favor ,m4 de ,montgom]i _h exp]i5c$ at
 h] h&s2 & t :5 he _h dem&$ he %\ld be  
giv5 up1 %e _h answ]$ t %e did n see :y 
%e %\ld be ! ,k+ ( ,france's hangman2   
:i* 0 :at 8 fa!r _h repli$ to h] si/]1  
:5 %e _h made ! l reque/ an5t "s ( h]   
traitors :o _h fl$ to ,france4  ,h]     
maje/y1 he said1 0 greatly inc5s$ aga9/ 
! ,bi%op ( ,ross1 & _h det]m9$ to put   
him to dea?2 b t %e 0 dissuad$ f x by h]
 c\ncil2 & t he pray$ ,god ,ca?olics    
%\ld n f>e worse n[ t ,ridolfi's plot _h

 be5 discov]$ to decl>e h] highness     
illegitimate1 & place ! ,que5 ( ,scots  
on ! ?rone1 :i* _h mov$ h] to great]    
ang] ?an ev5 ! ris+ 9 ! nor?4  ,& t\*+ !
 ,duke ( ,norfolk1 ,mi/ress ,w>d did    
ask1 :at is l to befal him8  ,mr4       
,rookwood said1 ,8 grace _h be5 remov$ f
 ! ,t[] to 8 own h\se on acc\nt ( !     
plague2 b x is report$ ! que5 is m urg5t
 aga9/ him ?an ev]1 & w h 8 head 9 !    
end4  ,if h] maje/y w n m>ry monsieur1  
,mi/ress ,w>d said1 x w f>e worse )     
recusants4  ,^u :i* "o ( ! "y g5tlem5   
cri$ out1 ',tis n h] maje/y w n h him2 b
 monsieur w n h h]4 ,my ,"l ( ,ox=d1 :o 
is to m>ry my ,"l ,burleigh's daught]1  
said ye/]day at ! t5nis c\rt1 t t matt] 
( monsieur is grievi\sly tak5 on h]     
grace's "p2 b t my "l is ( op9ion t :]e 
amity is s ne$ful1 h] maje/y %\ld /oma* 
x2 & s %e do? pret5d to break x (f      
h]self by reason ( h] religi\s scruples4
  ,at ! :i* bo? bro!rs did laugh1 b ,mr4
 ,rookwood bade !m h a c>e h[ !y did    
suff] _! tongues to wag an5t h] grace & 

su* matt]s z h] grace's m>riage2 :i*    
al?\gh 9 ! pres5t company might be )\t  
dang]1 0 an ill habit1 :i* 9 ^! times 0 
l to br+ div]s p]sons into tr\bles4     
,hang x6 cri$ ! elde/ ( 8 sons1 :o 0 ( a
 well-pleas+ favor & exce$+ goodly      
figure2 recusants be always 9 tr\ble1   
:atsoev] !y d2 bo? tax$ = sil5ce & *eck$
 = spee*1 z ! play ha? x4 ,= good ,mr4  
,we/on 0 rack$ = sil5ce la/ week till he
 fa9t$1 = t he w\ld n reveal :at he _h  
he>d 9 confession f "o conc]n$ 9        
,ridolfi's plot2 & z to my ,"l ,morley1 
he ha? be5 exam9$ be=e ! c\ncil1 t\*+ 8 
hav+ said he w\ld g abroad poorly & w\ld
 return 9 glory1 :i* he did speak       
conc]n+ 8 heal?2 b !y w\ld h x meant    
treason4  ,me?9ks1 ,ma/] ,basil1 said 8 
fa!r1 ?\ art n l to be tax$ = sil5ce2   
unless inde$ on ! rack1 :i* ! fre$om (  
?y spee* may yet br+ !e to1 an ?\ ha/ n 
m c>e ( ?y words4 ,see n[1 ?y bro!r     
keeps 8 lips clos$ 9 mode/ sil5ce4  ,ay1
 z if butt] w\ld n melt 9 8 m\?1 cri$   
,basil1 laugh+4  ,& ,i !n notic$ !      

c\nt5ance ( ! y\ng] bro!r1 :o 0 fair] & 
%ort] by a head ?an ,basil1 & _h ! mo/  
beautiful eyes imag9able1 & a high      
=ehead betok5+ ?\ghtfulness4 ,mr4       
,rookwood drew 8 *air fur!r f ! table1 &
 conv]s$ 9 a l[ voice ) ,mrs4 ,w>d1 #ceg
 t\*+ matt]s :i* ,i we5 7 ( too great   
import to be lightly treat$ (4 ,i he>d !
 "n ( ,mr4 ,felton m5tion$ 9 _!         
disc\rse1 & some:at ab\t ! ,pope's      
,bull1 9 ! affix+ ( :i* at ! ,bi%op (   
,london's gate he _h l5t a h&2 b my e>s 
7 n free to li/5 to !m1 = ! "y g5tlem5  
began to ent]ta9 me ) div]s acc\nts ( ! 
%[s 9 ,london2 :i*1 z !y 7 "s ye>s old] 
?an myself1 :o 0 !n no bett] ?an a *ild1
 ?\gh tall ( m9e age1 ,i took z a great 
favor1 & answ]$ !m 9 ! be/ way ,i c\ld4 
,basil spoke mo/ly ( ! sights he _h se51
 & a fight betwe5 a lion & ?ree dogs1 9 
:i* ! dogs 7 victori\s2 & ,hub]t (      
books1 :i* he said1 = 8 "p1 he _h always
 a c>e to keep h&some & well b\nd4  ,ay1
 quo? 8 bro!r1 gild+ !m & /r++ !m l !   
pray]-books ( girls & gallants1 :i* are 

c>ri$ to *ur* b = _! outsides4 ,i d hate
 a book ) clasps1 'tis a tr\ble to op5  
!m4  ,a tr\ble ?\ do/ seldom take1 quo? 
,hub]t4 ,?\ art ready en\gh to unclasp !
 book ( ?y inw>d s\l to :osoev] w read 9
 x1 & ?y purse to :osoev] begs or borr[s
 ( !e2 b ) su* clasps z %ut 9 ! v>i\s   
/ores ( ?\ght :i* h issu$ =? f m5's m9ds
 ?\ do/ n (t5 m$dle4  ,be%rew me if ,i  
d6 ,! be/ pray]-book ,i take to be a    
pair ( beads2 & ! mo/ ent]ta9+ read+1 ! 
',rules = ! ,hunt+ ( ,de]2' :i*1 by :at 
,i h he>d f ,sir ,rog] ,a%lon1 my ,"l   
,/af=d ha? griev\sly transgress$ by     
assault+ ,"l ,lyttleton's keep]s 9      
,t$desley ,haye4  ,:at h y "h8 ,hub]t   
ask$1 glanc+ at ,mr4 ,fox's ,book (     
,m>tyrs1 & ano!r :i* ! l&lady _h left on
 ! table2 ,a pr(itable ,new ,ye>'s ,gift
 to all ,engl&4  ,!y are n m9e1 ,i      
answ]$1 nor su* z ,i d c>e to read2 b   
?is1 ,i said1 hold+ out ,mr4 ,page's    
gift1 :i* ,i _h 9 my pocket1 is a r>e   
fund ( ent]ta9m5t & v full ( pleasant   
tales4  ,b1 quo? he1 y %\ld read !      

,morte d',ar?ur & ! ,sev5 ,*ampions (   
,*ri/5dom4  ,:i* ,i said ,i %\ld be glad
 to d :5 ,i _h ! good *ance to meet )   
!m4 ,he said1 ,my c\s9 ,polly _h a /ore 
( su* pleasant volumes1 & w\ld1 no d\bt1
 l5d !m to me4 ,%e has su* a %>p wit1 he
 add$1 t %e is ev] ex]cis+ x on h]self  
or on o!rs2 on h]self by ! bett]+ ( h]  
m9d ?r\gh read+2 & on o!rs by su*       
applications1 ( :at %e ?us acquires z   
leaves !m no *ance 9 disc\rs+ ) h] b to 
yield to h] sup]ior k4  ,me?9ks1 ,i     
said1 if t be h] aim 9 read+1 may be %e 
w n l5d to o!rs ! means ( %>p5+ _! wits 
to enc\nt] h]s4  ,at ! :i* bo? ( !m     
laugh$1 & ,basil said he hop$ ,i might  
prove a mat* = ,mi/ress ,polly1 :o c>ri$
 h]self too high1 & despis$ su* z 7 sl[]
 ( spee* & less witty ?an h]self4 ,= my 
"p1 he cri$1 ,i am ( op9ion t too mu*   
read+ do? lead to too mu* ?9k+1 & too   
mu* ?9k+ do? consume ! spirits2 & (t5 x 
falls out t :ile "o ?9ks too mu* ( 8    
do+1 he leaves to d ! effect ( 8 ?9k+4  
,at ! :i* ,hub]t smil$1 & ,i be?\ght    

myself t if ,basil 0 no book-worm nei!r 
0 he a fool4 ,) su* l disc\rse ! ev5+   
sp$ away1 & ,mr4 ,rookwood & 8 sons took
 _! leave ) _m civilities & pleasant    
spee*es1 su* z g5tlem5 are wont to      
address to ladies1 & hopes express$ to  
meet aga9 9 ,london1 & good wi%es = !   
safe end+ ( our j\rney ?i!r4  ,ah1 me6  
'tis pass+ /range to sit "h & write 9   
?is little *amb]1 aft] s _m ye>s1 ( t   
fir/ meet+ ) ^? bro!rs1 ,basil & ,hub]t2
 to call to m9d h[ !y did look & speak1 
& ( ! pretty k9d #ceh ( natural         
affection !re 0 betwixt !m 9 _! mann] to
 ea* o!r4 ,ah1 me6 ! old trick ( sigh+  
is com+ ov] me aga91 :i* ,i _h well-nigh
 correct$ myself (1 :o h m reason to    
give ?anks ?an to compla94 ,good ,"l1   
:at fools y be6 sigh+ he>t & wat]+ eyes6
 ,z great fools1 ,i we51 z ! ,mayor (   
,cov5try1 ^: fooli% rhymes d keep runn+ 
9 my head4  ,! day foll[+ we came to    
,london1 :i* be+1 z x 71 ! beg9n+ ( a   
new life to me1 ,i w def] to speak (    
until ,i f9d myself1 aft] a night's re/ 

& special pray]s unto t end1 less heavy 
( he>t ?an at pres5t4   ,,*apt] ,,vii4  
,^u a sultry ev5+ :i* did foll[ an      
exce$+ hot day1 ) no cl\ds 9 ! sky1 & a 
great /ore ( du/ on ! road1 we ent]$    
,london1 t great fair ( ! :ole _w1 z "s 
h titl$ x4 ,:5 = _m ye>s we d ?9k ( a   
place we h n se51 a picture =ms itself 9
 ! m9d z di/9ct z if ! eye _h tak5      
cognizance !re(1 & a s+ul> curiosity    
att5ds ! actual vision ( :at !          
imag9ation ha? s (t portray$4 ,on ?is   
occasion my eyes 7 sl[ s]vants to my    
desires1 :i* long$ to embrace 9 !       
compass ( "o glance ! v>i\s objects !y  
crav$ to behold4 ,albeit ! sky 0        
cl\dless above our heads1 ,i fe>$ x w\ld
 ra9 9 ,london1 by reason ( a d>k vapor 
:i* did hang ov] x2 b ,mi/ress ,w>d     
in=m$ me t ?is appe>ance 0 ow+ to !     
smoke ( sea-coal1 ( :i* s great a /ore  
is us$ 9 ! h\ses t ! air is fill$ ) x4  
,& d ^? 9 ,london always live 9 t smoke8
 ,i inquir$1 n greatly cont5t$ to ?9k x 
%\ld be s2 b %e said ,mr4 ,congleton's  

h\se 0 n 9 ! city1 b 9 a v pleasant     
suburb outside ( x1 close unto ,holborn 
,hill & ,ely ,place1 ! bi%op's palace1 9
 ^: g>d5 ! roses 7 s pl5tiful t 9 ,june 
! air is p]fum$ ) _! odor4 ,i tr\bl$ h] 
n ) fur!r que/ions at t "t1 be+ soon    
:olly tak5 up ) ! new sights :i* !n did 
meet u at e /ep4 ,s great a numb] ( gay 
horsem51 & litt]s c>ri$ by footm5 ) f9e 
liv]ies1 & coa*es drawn by horses ri*ly 
cap>ison$ & m5 runn+ alongside ( !m1 &  
)al s _m c>ts1 t ,i 0 con/ra9$ to give  
ov] ! guid+ ( m9e own horse by reason ( 
! confusion :i* ! noise ( :eels & m5's  
cries & ! rapid motion ( s _m vehicles  
did cause 9 me1 :o _h nev] rode be=e 9 s
 great a cr[d4  ,at ab\t six o'clock ( !
 aft]noon we did rea* ,ely ,place1 &    
pass+ by ! bi%op's palace /opp$ at !    
gate ( ,mr4 ,congleton's h\se1 :i* do?  
/& some:at retir$ f ! high-road1 & !    
fir/ sight ( :i* did greatly cont5t me4 
,x is built ( fair & /rong /one1 n      
affect+ f95ess1 b honorably repres5t+ a 
firm /atel9ess1 = x 0 h&some )\t        

curiosity1 & homely )\t neglig5ce4 ,at !
 front ( x 0 a well-arrang$ gr\nd       
cunn+ly set ) trees1 ?r\gh :i* we rode  
to ! foot ( ! /airs1 :]e we 7 met by a  
g5tleman dress$ 9 a coat ( black sat9 & 
a quilt$ wai/coat1 ) a :ite beav] 9 8   
h&1 :om ,i guess$ to be my good uncle4  
,he %ook ,mi/ress ,w>d by ! h&1 salut$  
me on bo? *eeks1 & v[$ ,i 0 ! precise   
c\nt]p>t ( my "m1 :o at my age1 he said1
 0 ! prettie/ ,lanca%ire wit* t ev] he  
_h look$ ^u4 ,he seem$ to me n s old z  
,i did suppose him to be1 lean ( body & 
some?+ l[ ( /ature1 ) a long visage & a 
little %>p be>d ^u ! *9 ( a br[n color2 
a c\nt5ance n v grave1 &1 = 8 age1 want+
 ! au?ority ( gray hairs4 ,he conduct$  
me to m9e aunt's *amb]1 :o 0 seat$ 9 an 
easy-*air ne> unto ! w9d[1 ) a cat ^u h]
 knees & #cei a tamb\r-frame be=e h]4   
,%e op$ h] arms & kiss$ me ) great      
affection1 & ,i1 slid+ d[n1 knelt at h] 
feet & pray$ h] to be a good "m to me1  
:i* 0 :at my fa!r _h *>g$ me to d :5 ,i 
%\ld come into h] pres5ce4 ,%e rais$ me 

) h] h& & made me sit on a /ool beside  
h]1 & /rok+ my face g5tly1 gaz$ ^u x1 & 
said x put h] 9 m9d ( bo? ( my p>5ts1 = 
t ,i _h my fa!r's br[ & eyes1 & my "m's 
m\? & dimpl+ smiles4  ,mr4 ,congleton1  
%e cri$1 y d he> :at ?is w5* sai?4 ,i   
pray y to be> x 9 m9d1 & h[ ne> 9 blood 
%e is to me1 s t y may %[ h] favor :5 ,i
 am gone1 :i* may be soon] ?an y ?9k =4 
,i look$ up into h] face greatly conc]n$
 t %e 0 l s soon to die4 ,me?\ght %e _h 
! semblance ( "o 9 good heal? & a       
reasonable good color 9 h] *eeks1 & ,i  
p]ceiv$ ,mr4 ,congleton did smile z he  
answ]$3  ,i w %[ favor to ?y pretty     
niece1 good ,moll1 ,i promise !e1 be ?\ 
alive or be ?\ dead2 b if ! lee*es are  
to be cr$it$1 :o d affirm ?\ ha/ ! be/  
/r5g? & /oma* ( ! twa91 ?\ art m l to   
bury me ?an ,i !e4  ,^u :i* ! good lady 
did sigh deeply & ca/ up h] eyes & lift$
 up h] h&s z "o griev\sly injur$1 & he  
cri$3  ,pri!e1 swee!>t1 take x n amiss1 
= be%rew me if ,i be n will+ to grant !e
 to be z diseas$ z w pleasure !e1 s t ?\

 wilt cont9ue to eat & sleep z well z ?\
 do/ at ! pres5t & s keep ?yself f dy+4 
,^u :i* %e said t %e did admire h[ a man
 c\ld h s mu* cruelty z to je/ & je] at 
h] ill-heal?1 b t %e w\ld sp5d no m ( h]
 brea? ^u him2 & turn+ t[>d me %e ask$ a
 /ore ( que/ions an5t my fa!r1 :om = _m 
ye>s %e _h n se51 & t\*+ ! mann] ( my   
"m's dea?1 at ! m5tion ( :i* my te>s    
fl[$ afre%1 :i* caus$ h] also to weep2 &
 call+ = h] wom5 %e bade "o ( !m br+ h] 
"s h>t%orn1 = t sorr[1 %e said1 w\ld    
occasion ! vapors to rise 9 h] head1 & !
 o!r %e s5t = to fet* h] case ( tr9kets1
 = t %e w\ld we> ! r+ h] bro!r _h       
pres5t$ h] ) "s ye>s back1 9 :i* 0 a    
/one :i* do? cure melan*oly4 ,:5 ! case 
0 br\ght %e display$ be=e my eyes its   
ri* cont5ts1 & gift$ me ) a broo* set ) 
turquoises1 ! we>+ ( :i*1 %e said1 do?  
(t5 keep p]sons f fall+ into div]s sorts
 ( p]il4 ,!n pres5tly kiss+ me %e said  
%e felt fatigu$1 & w\ld s5d = h]        
daught]s to take *>ge ( me2 :o1 :5 !y   
came1 embrac$ me ) exce$+ great         

affection1 & c>ri$ me to :at _h be5 _!  
s*oolroom & 0 n[ ,mrs4 ,w>d's *amb]1 :o 
no long] 0 _! gov]ness1 !y said1 b z a  
fri5d abode 9 ! h\se = to g abroad ) !m1
 _! "m be+ ( s delicate a con/itution t 
%e seldom left h] room4 ,next to ?is    
*amb] 0 a closet1 :]e9 ,kate said ,i    
%\ld lie1 & z x is "o ,i inhabit$ = a   
long space ( "t1 & ! remembrance ( :i*  
do? connect itself ) v _m ev5ts :i*1 z  
!y did take place1 ,i !re9 mus$ on1 &   
pray$ or wept1 or sometimes laugh$ ov] 9
 solitude1 ,i w "h set d[n :at x 0 l :5 
fir/ ,i saw x4  ,! b$ 0 9 an alcove1    
clos$ 9 ! day by fair curta9s ( taffety2
 & ! walls1 :i* 7 9 wood1 _h c>v+s above
 ! door & ov] ! *imney ( v da9ty        
workman%ip4 ,! floor 0 /rewn ) dri$     
neatly-cut ru%es1 & 9 ! project+ space  
:]e ! w9d[ 01 a table 0 set1 & two *airs
 ) backs & seats cunn+ly furni%$ )      
tape/ry4 ,9 ano!r recess betwixt !      
alcove & ! *imney /ood a pray+ /ool & a 
desk ) a cu%ion = a book to lie on4 ,ah1
 me6 h[ (t5 has my head #cfj re/$ on t  

cu%ion & my knees on t /ool :5 my he>t  
has be5 too full to utt] o!r pray]s ?an 
a ,god ha' m]cy on me6 :i* at su* times 
broke z a cry f an ov]*>g$ brea/4 ,b1   
oh6 :at a va9 pleasure ,i did take on t 
fir/ day 9 ! brav]y ( ?is little *amb]1 
:i* ,kate said 0 to be m9e own6 ,) :at  
great cont5tm5t ,i view$ ea* "p ( x1 &  
look$ out ( ! w9d[ on ! b$s ( fl[]s :i* 
did =m a mosaical floor 9 ! g>d5 ar\nd !
 h\se1 9 ! mid/ ( :i* 0 a fair pond ^:  
%ak+ cry/al mirror$ ! %rubs :i* grew    
ab\t x1 & a ?icket beyond1 :i* did appe>
 to me a place = pleasantness & n unfit 
to flatt] solit>9ess1 albeit s close    
unto ! city4 ,beyond 7 ! bi%op's gr\nds1
 & ,i c\ld smell ! sc5t ( roses com+    
!nce z ! w9d blew4 ,i c\ld h /ood !re _m
 h\rs gaz+ on ?is new sc5e1 b t my c\s9s
 br\ght me d[n to sup ) !m 9 ! g>d51 :i*
 0 n fair] 9 natural ornam5ts ?an 9     
artificial inv5tions4 ,! table 0 set 9 a
 small banquet+-h\se among c]ta9        
pleasant trees ne> to a pretty wat]-"w2 
& n[ ,i _h leisure to scan my c\s9s'    

faces & comp>e :at ,i did notice 9 !m ) 
:at ,mi/ress ,w>d _h said ! fir/ night (
 our j\rney4  ,kate1 ! elde/ ( ! ?ree1 0
 9 soo? a v fair creature1 proportion$  
)\t any fault1 & by nature end[$ ) ! mo/
 delightful colors2 b !re 0 a made      
c\nt5ance ab\t h] m\?1 betwe5 simp]+ &  
smil+1 & some:at 9 h] b[$-d[n head :i*  
seem$ to langui% ) ov]-mu* idl5ess1 & an
 invit+ look 9 h] eyes z if !y w\ld     
ov]-p]suade ^? %e spoke to1 :i* betok5$ 
a lack ( ^? nobl] p[]s ( ! m9d :i* are !
 highe/ gifts ( womanhood4 ,polly's face
 fault-f9d+ wits might sc(f at z too    
little = ! re/ ( ! body1 h] features z n
 s well proportion$ z ,kate's1 & h] sk9 
some:at br[n] ?an do? consi/ ) beauty2 b
 9 h] eyes !re 0 a *e]fulness z if      
nature smil$ 9 !m1 9 h] m\? s pretty a  
demur5ess1 & 9 h] c\nt5ance su* a sp>k (
 wit t1 if x /ruck n ) admiration1 fill$
 ) delight4 ,no indiff]5t s\l !re 0 :i*1
 if x resi/$ mak+ h] its pr9cess1 w\ld n
 long to h su* a playfell[4 ,muriel1 !  
y\nge/ ( ^! si/]s1 0 de=m$ 9 %ape1 sall[

 9 hue1 9 spee*1 z ,mi/ress ,w>d _h     
said1 sl[2 b )al 9 h] eyes1 :i* 7       
deep-set1 !re 0 lack+ nei!r ! fire :i*  
betok5s intellig5ce1 nor ! sweetness :i*
 comm&s affection1 & some:at 9 h] pla9  
face :i*1 ?\gh x may n be call$ beauty1 
_h "s ( its qualities4 ,me?\ght x savor$
 m ( heav5 ?an e>?4 ,! ill-%ap$ body    
seem$ b a case = a s\l ! fairness ( :i* 
did %9e ?r\gh ! f\l l9eam5ts :i* enclos$
 x4 ,albeit h] lips op5$ b seldom t     
ev5+1 only twice or ?rice1 & !y 7 common
 words %e utt]$ & fraught ) hesitation1 
my he>t did m incl9e t[>d h] ?an to !   
pretty ,kate or ! lively ,polly4  ,an   
h\r be=e we retir$ to re/1 ,mr4         
,congleton came into ! g>d51 & br\ght ) 
him ,mr4 ,s)9 ,wells & ,mr4 ,bryan      
,lacy1 two g5tlem5 :o liv$ also 9       
,holborn2 ! latt] ( :i*1 ,polly :isp]$ 9
 m9e e>1 0 h] si/] ,kate's suitor4 ,talk
 0 m9i/]$ among !m t\*+ ! que5's m>riage
 ) ,monsieur2 :i*1 z ,mr4 ,rookwood _h  
said1 0 brok5 (f2 b t day !y _h he>d t  
,m4 de la ,motte _h propos$ to h] maje/y

 ! ,due d',al5con1 :o w\ld be m comply+1
 he promis$1 t\*+ religion ?an 8 bro!r4 
,%e inquir$ ( ! pr9ce's age1 & ( 8      
height2 to ! :i* he did answ]1 ,ab\t y\r
 maje/y's own height4 ,b h] highness    
w\ld n be s put (f1 & will$ ! ambassador
 to write = ! precise measurem5t ( !    
pr9ce's /ature4  ,%e w nev] m>ry1 quo?  
,mr4 ,wells1 b only amuse ! ,fr5* #cfa  
c\rt & h] c\ncil ) fur!r negotiations   
t\*+ ?is new suitor1 z h]et(ore an5t !  
ar*duke & ,monsieur4 ,b ,i w\ld to ,god 
h] maje/y 7 well m>ri$1 & to a ,ca?olic 
pr9ce2 :i* w\ld d u m good ?an any?+    
else :i* c be ?\ght (4  ,:at news did y 
he>1 sir1 ( ,mr4 ,felton8 ,mi/ress ,w>d 
ask$4 ,^u :i* _! c\nt5ances fell2 & "o (
 !m answ]$ t t g5tleman _h be5 rack$ !  
day be=e1 b /eadily refus$1 ?\gh 9 !    
extremity ( torture1 to "n 8            
accomplices2 & w\ld give h] maje/y no   
title b t ( ! ,pret5d]2 :i* !y said 0   
greatly to be regrett$1 & :at no o!r    
,ca?olic _h done4 ,b :5 8 s5t5ce 0 read 
to him1 = t he 0 to die on ,friday1 he  

drew f 8 f+] a r+1 :i* _h diamonds 9 x1 
& 0 wor? f\r hundr$ p\nds1 & reque/$ !  
,e>l ( ,sussex to give x to ! que51 9   
tok5 t he bore h] no ill-w or malice1 b 
r ! contr>y4  ,mr4 ,wells said he 0 a   
g5tleman ( v great he>t & noble         
disposition1 b = 8 "p he w\ld z lief ?is
 r+ _h be5 sold1 & ! money be/[$ on !   
poor] sort ( prison]s 9 ,newgate1 ?an   
see x grace h] maje/y's f+]2 :o w\ld ?us
 play ! hangman's "p1 :o inh]its !      
spoils ( su* z he do? put to dea?4 ,b ! 
o!rs affirm$ x 0 done 9 a ,*ri/ian      
mann]1 & s greatly to be comm5d$2 & t   
,mr4 ,felton1 albeit he 0 some:at ra% 9 
8 actions1 & by "s titl$ ,don           
,magnifico1 by reason ( a c]ta9 brav]y 9
 8 /yle ( dress & fa%ion ( speak+1 :i*  
smack$ ( ,monsieur ,travell]1 0 a "r    
wor?y g5tleman1 & 8 dea? a bl[ to 8     
fri5ds1 among/ :om !re 7 "s1 nev]!less1 
to be f\nd :o did blame him = ! act :i* 
_h br\ght him into tr\ble4 ,mi/ress ,w>d
 cri$1 t su* z fell into tr\ble1 be !   
cause ev] s good1 did always f9d ^? :o  

w\ld blame !m4 ,mr4 ,lacy said1 "o %\ld 
n ca/ himself into dang] wilfully1 b :5 
occasion (f]$ take x ) pati5ce4 ,polly  
repli$1 t "s 7 s prud5t1 occasions nev] 
came to !m4 ,& !n ^? two fell to        
disput+1 9 a m]ry b )al %>p fa%ion4 ,z  
he did pick 8 words1 & us$ new-fangl$   
t]ms1 & %e spoke r\ndly & to ! po9t1    
me?9ks %e 0 ! nimble/ 9 ?is enc\nt] (   
wit4  ,mean:ile ,mr4 ,wells ask$ ,mr4   
,congleton if he _h _h news f ! nor?1   
:]e mu* blood 0 spilt s9ce ! ris+2 & he 
appreh5d$ t 8 k9sm5 9 ,ri*mond%ire %\ld 
suff] "u ! la/ ord]s s5t to ,sir ,george
 ,b[es by my ,"l ,sussex4 ,b ,mr4       
,congleton did m9i/] to him ?is com=t1 t
 if !y 7 not$ weal?y1 & _h freeholds1 x 
0 ! que5's special comm&m5t !y %\ld n be
 execut$1 b two hundr$ ( ! common] sort 
to lose _! lives 9 ea* t[n2 :i* 0 ab\t  
"o to ea* five4  ,b none ( note8 quo?   
,mr4 ,wells4  ,none :i* c pay ! wor? (  
_! heads1 ,mr4 ,congleton repli$4  ,&   
:o1 !n1 do? price !m8 ask$ ,kate1 9 a   
langui%+ voice4  ,nay1 si/]1 quo?       

,polly1 ,i w>rant !e !y d price         
!mselves2 = he t w n pay well = 8 head  
mu/ ne$s op9e he ha? a wor?less "o4  ,^u
 :i* ,mr4 ,lacy said to ,kate1 ,"o      
hundr$ angels w\ld n pay = ?9e1 sweet   
,kate4  ,!n %e mu/ ne$s be an ar*angel1 
sir1 quo? ,polly1 if %e be ( great] wor?
 ?an "o hundr$ angels4  ,ah1 me6 cri$   
,kate1 v e>ne/ly1 ,i w\ld ,i _h b half  
"o hundr$ gold-pieces to buy me a g[n )6
  ,ha/ ?\ n g[ns en\gh1 w5*8 ask$ h]    
fa!r4 ,me?\ght ?\ w]t indiff]5tly well  
provid$ 9 t respect4  ,ah1 b ,i w\ld h1 
sir1 su* a #cfb velvet suit z ,i did see
 "s weeks back at ! ,italian h\se 9     
,*eapside1 :]e ! ladies ( ! c\rt d buy  
_! ve/ures4 ,x _h a bord] ! da9tie/ ,i  
ev] beheld1 all p[d]$ ) gold & pe>ls4   
,ruffiano said x 0 ! r>e/ suit he _h ev]
 made2 & he is ! ,que5 ( ,france's      
tailor1 :i* ,sir ,ni*olas ,?rogmorton   
did secretly entice away1 by ! que5's   
desire1 f t c\rt to h] own4  ,& :at fair
 nymph owns ?is r>e suit1 sweete/ ,kate8
 ,mr4 ,lacy ask$4 ,i'll w>rant none s   

fair t x %\ld become h]1 or r t %e %\ld 
become x1 m ?an h] :o do? covet x4  ,i  
"k n if %e be fair or f\l1 quo? ,kate1 b
 %e is ! ,lady ,m>y ,h[>d1 "o ( ! maids 
( honor ( h] maje/y1 & s may we> :at    
please? h]4  ,by t tok5 ( ! gold &      
pe>ls1 cri$ ,mr4 ,wells1 ,i d\bt n b    
'tis ! v suit an5t :i* ! c\rt h be5     
wagg+ _! tongues = ! la/ week2 & if x be
 s1 inde$1 ,mi/ress ,kate1 y h no ne$ to
 envy ! poor lady t do? own x4  ,kate   
prote/$ %e _h n envi$ h]1 & tax$ ,mr4   
,wells ) unk9dness t he did *>ge h] ) x2
 & = all he c\ld say w\ld n be pacifi$1 
b kept ca/+ up h] eyes1 & ! te>s /ream+ 
d[n h] lovely *eeks4 ,^u :i* ,mr4 ,lacy 
cri$3  ,sweet "o1 ?\ ha/ inde$ no cause 
to envy h] or any "o else1 h[soev] r>e  
or da9ty _! suits may be2 = ?y tee? are 
m beaute\s ?an pe>ls1 & ?9e hair m      
bright ?an ! pure/ gold1 & ?9e eyes m   
black & s(t ?an ! f9e/ velvet1 :i*      
nature s made t we might be> _! wond]ful
 %9+1 :i* else _h dazzl$ u3 & s w5t on  
till h] weep+ 0 /ay$1 & !n ,mr4 ,wells  

said3  ,! lady :o own$ t ri* suit1 :i*  
,i did falsely & feloni\sly advance     
,mi/ress ,kate did envy1 _h n great or  
long com=t 9 its possession2 = x is v   
well kn[n at c\rt1 & h5ce bruit$ 9 !    
city1 :at pass$ at ,ri*mond la/ week    
conc]n+ ?is r>e ve/ure4 ,x pleas$ n !   
que51 :o ?\ght x did exce$ h] own4 ,& "o
 day h] maje/y did s5d privately = x1 & 
put x on h]self1 & came =? into ! *amb] 
among ! ladies4 ,! kirtle & bord] 0 f>  
too %ort = h] maje/y's height1 & %e ask$
 e "o h[ !y lik$ h] new fanci$ suit4 ,at
 l5g? %e ask$ ! own] h]self if x 0 n    
made too %ort & ill-becom+2 :i* ! poor  
lady did pres5tly cons5t to4 ,^u :i* h] 
highness cri$3 ',:y1 !n1 if x become me 
n z be+ too %ort1 ,i am m9d$ x %all nev]
 become !e z be+ too f9e1 s x fitte?    
nei!r well4' ,?is %>p rebuke s aba%$ !  
poor lady t %e nev] adorn$ h] h]e) any  
m4  ,ah1 cri$ ,mr4 ,congleton1 laugh+1  
h] maje/y's bi%ops d come by repro(s z  
well z h] maids4 ,h y he>d h[ "o        
,sunday1 la/ ,april1 my ,"l ( ,london   

prea*$ to ! que5's maje/y1 & seem$ to   
t\* on ! vanity ( deck+ ! body too      
f9ely4 ,h] grace told ! ladies aft] !   
s]mon1 t if ! bi%op held m disc\rse on  
su* matt]s %e w\ld fit him = heav51 b he
 %\ld walk ?i!r )\t a /aff & leave 8    
mantle beh9d him4  ,nay1 quo? ,mr4      
,wells1 b if %e makes su* z be ,ca?olics
 ta/e ( ! %>pness ( ! rack1 & ! edge ( !
 axe1 %e do? !n treat ^? ( h] own way ( 
?9k+ ) ! edge ( h] wit & ! %>pness ( h] 
tongue4 ',tis report$1 ,mr4 ,congleton1 
,i "k n ) :at tru?1 t a ne> neighbor (  
y\rs has be5 s]v$ ) a lett]1 by :i* a   
new %eep is let into 8 pa/ures4  ,:at1  
cri$ ,polly1 is ,pecora ,campi to roam  
amid/ ! roses1 & g 9 & out at 8 pleasure
 ?r\gh ! bi%op's gate8 ,! 'sweet lids' h
 !n danc$ away a l>ge slice ( ! ,*ur*'s 
acres4 ,b :at1 ,i pray y1 sir1 did h]   
maje/y write8  ,ev5 ?is1 quo? h] fa!r1  
,i #cfc _h x f ,sir ,rob]t ,arundell3   
',pr\d ,prelate6 y "k :at y 7 be=e ,i   
made y1 & :at y are n[4 ,if y d n       
imm$iately comply ) my reque/1 ,i w     

unfrock y1 by ,god6--,,elizabe? ,r4'    
,our good neighbor1 sai? ,polly1 mu/ %[ 
a l pati5ce ) ,job1 & cry out t\*+ 8    
bi%opric1 ',! que5 did give x2 ! que5   
do? take x away2 ! w ( ! que5 be done4' 
,he is l to be encroa*$ ^u yet fur!r by 
yon cunn+ ,sir ,*ri/oph]1 ,mr4 ,wells   
said2 ,i'll w>rant ,ely ,place w soon be
 ,hatton ,g>d54  ,well1 = a neighbor1   
answ]$ ,polly1 ,i'd z soon h ! que5's   
lids z h] h$ge-bi%op1 & h] %eep z h]    
%eph]d4 ',tis n all = love ( h] sweet   
danc] h] maje/y do? despoil him4 ,%e    
nev]1 'tis said1 ha? =giv5 him t he did 
remon/rate ) h] = keep+ a crucifix &    
light$ tap]s 9 h] own *apel1 & t h]     
fool1 set on by su* z 7 ( ! same m9d )  
him1 did "o day put !m out4  ,9 su*like 
talk ! "t 0 sp5t2 & :5 ! g5tlem5 _h tak5
 leave1 we retir$ to re/2 & be+ greatly 
tir$1 ,i slept heavily1 & _h _m qua9t   
dreams1 9 :i* pa/ sc5es & pres5t objects
 7 curi\sly bl5d$ ) ! tales ,i _h read  
on ! j\rney1 & ! disc\rse ,i _h he>d t  
ev5+4 ,:5 ,i awoke 9 ! morn+1 my ?\ghts 

fir/ flew to my fa!r1 ( :om ,i _h a v   
passionate desire to receive tid+s4 ,:5 
my wait+-woman ent]$1 ) a lett] 9 h] h&1
 ,i fooli%ly did fancy x came f him1 :i*
 c\ld sc>cely be1 s soon aft] our com+  
to t[n2 b ,i quickly disc]n$1 by !      
rose-color$ /r+ :i* x 0 b\nd5 )1 & !n ! 
h&writ+1 t x 0 n f him1 b f h] :om1 next
 to him1 ,i mo/ desir$ to he> f1 to wit1
 ! ,c\ntess ( ,surrey4 ,t sweet lady    
wrote t %e _h an exce$+ great desire to 
see me1 & w\ld be m behold5 to my aunt  
?an %e c\ld well express1 if %e w\ld    
conf] on h] s great a b5efit z to p]mit 
me to sp5d ! day ) h] at ! ,*>t] ,h\se1 
& %e w\ld s5d h] coa* = to convey me    
!re1 :i* %\ld nev] h done h] s mu* good 
pleasure be=e z 9 t s]vice4 ,& m to t   
effect1 ) _m k9d & graci\s words t\*+   
our previ\s meet+ & correspond5ce4  ,:5 
,i 0 dress$1 ,i took h] lady%ip's lett] 
to ,mrs4 ,w>d1 :o 0 pleas$ to say %e    
w\ld h]self ask p]mission = me to wait  
^u t noble lady2 b t h] lady%ip might n 
be at ! *>ge ( s5d+ = me1 %e w\ld       

h]self1 if my aunt gave h] lic5se1 c>ry 
me to ! ,*>t] ,h\se1 = t %e 0 to sp5d "s
 h\rs t day ) fri5ds 9 ! city1 & x w\ld 
greatly cont5t h]1 %e add$1 to fur!r !  
express$ wi% ( ! "y c\ntess1 ^: gr&mo!r1
 ,lady ,m\nteagle1 & s _m ( h] k9sfolk1 
7 ,ca?olics1 or at ! lea/1 good fri5ds  
to su* z 7 s4 ,my aunt did give leave = 
me to g1 z %e mo/ly did to :atsoev]     
,mrs4 ,w>d propos$1 :om %e tru/$        
entirely1 ) a s+ul> great affection1    
only bidd+ h] to pray t %e might n die 9
 h] abs5ce1 = t %e fe>$ "s pea*es %e _h 
eat5 ! day be=e _h disord]$ h]1 & t %e  
_h he>d ( "o :o _h di$ ( ! plague "s    
weeks be=e 9 ! ,t[]4 ,mrs4 ,w>d exhort$ 
h] to be ( good *e]1 & to com=t h]self  
bo? ways1 = t ! air ( ,holborn 0 s good1
 ! plague 0 n likely to come into x1 & t
 ! k]nels ( pea*es be+ m$ic9al1 w\ld r  
prove an antidote to pe/il5ce ?an an    
occasion to x2 & left h] bett] satisfi$1
 insomu* t %e s5t = ano!r di% ( pea*es =
 to secure ! b5efit4 ,be=e ,i left1     
,kate bade me note ! fa%ion ( ! suit my 

,lady ,surrey did we>1 & if %e _h on h] 
own hair1 & if %e dy$ x1 & if %e cov]$  
h] bosom1 or wore plaits1 & if h] /oma*]
 0 /raight #cfd & broad1 or =m$ a long  
wai/1 ext5d+ d[nw>d1 & _m m po9ts t\*+  
h] attire1 :i* ,i _c n[ call to m9d4 ,z 
,i w5t ?r\gh ! hall to ! /eps :]e       
,mi/ress ,w>d 0 already /&+1 ,muriel    
came hurry+ t[>d me1 ) a fa9t color com+
 & go+ 9 h] sall[ *eek1 & twice %e tri$ 
to speak & fail$4 ,b :5 ,i kiss$ h] %e  
put h] lips close to my e> & :isp]$1    
,sweet little c\s91 !re be 9 ,london    
prison]s 9 a v bad plight1 9 fil?y      
dungeons1 because ( _! religion4 ,!     
noble "y ,lady ,surrey ha? a t5d] he>t  
t[>d su* if %e d b he> ( !m4 ,pri!e1    
sweet coz1 move h] to s5d !m relief 9   
food1 money1 or clo?+4  ,!n ,mi/ress    
,w>d call$ to me to ha/51 & ,i ran away1
 b ,muriel /ood at ! w9d[1 & z we pass$ 
%e kiss$ h] h&1 9 :i* 0 a gold angel1   
:i* my fa!r _h gift$ me ) at p>t+4      
,mrs4 ,w>d1 ,i said1 z we w5t along1 my 
c\s9 ,muriel is n fair1 & yet h] face   

do? comm5d itself to my fancy m ?an _m  
fair ones ,i h se52 x is s k9dly4  ,i h 
ev5 f h] infancy lov$ h]1 %e answ]$1 &  
?us mu* ,i w say ( h]1 t _m h be5 titl$ 
sa9ts :o _h n1 me?9ks1 m virtue ?an ,i h
 notic$ 9 ,muriel4  ,do? %e h]self visit
 ! prison]s %e spoke (8  ,%e & ,i d     
visit !m & c>ry !m relief :5 we c by any
 means prevail ) ! gaol]s f compassion  
or ?r\gh brib+ ( !m to admit u4 ,b x is 
n always conv5i5t to let ?is be kn[n1 n 
ev5 at home1 b ,i we51 ,con/ance1 z ?\  
wilt h me to call !e s1 t ,muriel saw 9 
!e--= %e has a wond]ful p5etrative _s--t
 ?\ do/ "k :5 to speak & :5 to keep     
sil5ce4  ,& may ,i g ) y to ! prisons8  
,i ask$ ) a hot feel+ 9 my he>t1 :i* ,i 
_h n felt s9ce ,i _h left home4  ,?\ art
 f> too "y1 %e answ]$4 ,b ,i w tell !e  
:at ?\ can/ d4 ,?\ may/ "w & beg = ^!   
good m51 & n be a%am$ ( s do+4 ,none may
 visit !m :o h n made up _! m9ds to die1
 if !y %\ld be d5\nc$ = _! *>ity4  ,b   
,muriel is "y1 ,i answ]$4 ,ha? %e s     
resolv$8  ,muriel is "y1 0 ! reply2 b %e

 is "o 9 :om wisdom & hol9ess h =e/all$ 
age4 ,= two ye>s t %e ha? be5 my        
companion on su* occasions1 %e has ea*  
day prep>$ = m>tyrdom by su* dev\t      
ex]cises z /r5g!n ! s\l at ! approa* (  
dea?4  ,& ,kate & ,polly1 ,i ask$1 are  
!y privy to ! dang]s t y d run1 & h !y  
no l ambition8  ,r ! contr>y1 %e answ]$2
 b nei!r !y nor any "o else 9 ! h\se is 
fully acqua9t$ ) ^! secret err&s save   
,mr4 ,congleton1 & he did = a long "t   
refuse 8 daught] lic5se to g ) me1 until
 at la/1 by pray]s & te>s1 %e won him   
ov] to suff] x4 ,b he w nev] p]mit !e to
 d ! l1 = t ?y fa!r ha? intru/$ !e to 8 
c>e = great] safety 9 ^! tr\blesome     
times4  ,pi%6 ,i cri$ petti%ly1 safety  
has a dull mean s\nd 9 x :i* ,i mislike4
 ,i w\ld ,i 7 m9e own mi/ress4  ,wi% no 
su* ?+1 ,con/ance ,%]wood1 0 h] grave   
answ]4 ,wilfulness 0 nev] nurse to      
virtue1 b r h] foe2 nor ev] did a       
rebelli\s _s prove ! h]ald ( true       
greatness4 ,& n[1 m>k my words4         
,almighty ,god ha? giv5 !e a fri5d f>   

above !e 9 rank1 & ,i d\bt n 9 m]it     
also1 b ^: fai?1 if report sai? true1   
do? run great dang]s1 & ) few to advise 
h] 9 ^! evil days 9 :i* we live4        
,p]adv5ture he ha? appo9t$ !e a "w 9 a  
palace z weighty z t ( #cfe o!rs 9 a    
dungeon4 ,set ?yself to x ) ?y :ole     
he>t1 & su* pray]s z draw d[n bless+s f 
above4 ,!re be great ne$ 9 ^! times to  
be> 9 remembrance :at ! ,"l says1 t he w
 be a%am$ 9 heav5 be=e 8 angels ( su* z 
be a%am$ ( him on e>?4 ,& _m !re are1 ,i
 greatly fe>1 :o ?\gh !y be ,ca?olics1 d
 assi/ ! h]etics by _! c[>dice to       
suppress ! true religion 9 ?is l&2 & ,i 
pray to ,god ?is may nev] be our case4  
,yet ,i w\ld n h !e to be ra% 9 spee*1  
us+ h>% words1 or ne$lessly rebuk+ o!rs1
 :i* w\ld n become ?y age1 or be fitt+ &
 mode/ 9 "o ( inf]ior rank1 b only :]e  
fai? & consci5ce be 9 "q n to be afraid 
to speak4 ,& n[ ,god bless !e1 :o %\ld  
be an ,e/h] 9 ?is h\se1 :]e9 s _m true  
confessors ( ,*ri/ "s ye>s ago surr5d]$ 
_! lives 9 great mis]y & torm5ts1 r ?an 

yield up _! fai?4  ,?is %e said z we    
/opp$ at ! gate ( ! ,*>t] ,h\se1 :]e "o 
( ! s]v+-m5 ( ! ,c\ntess ( ,surrey 0    
wait+ to conduct me to h] lodg+s1 hav+  
_h ord]s to t effect4 ,%e left me 9 8   
*>ge1 & ,i foll[$ him across ! squ>e1 & 
?r\gh ! cloi/]s & passages :i* l$ to !  
gall]y1 :]e my lady's *amb] 0 situat$4  
,my he>t flutt]$ l a fright5$ cag$ bird 
dur+ t walk1 = !re 0 a solemnity ab\t ! 
place su* z ,i _h n be5 us$ to1 & :i*   
fill$ me ) appreh5sion le/ ,i %\ld be   
want+ 9 due respect :]e s mu* /ate 0    
c>ri$ on4 ,b :5 ! door 0 op5$ at "o end 
( ! gall]y1 & my sweet lady ran out to  
meet me ) a cry ( joy1 ! silly he>t1 l a
 caught bird1 ne/l$ 9 h] embrace1 & my  
lips jo9$ !mselves to h]s 9 a fond      
mann]1 z if n will+ to "p aga91 b by    
f]v5t kisses supply+ ! place ( words1   
:i* 7 lack+1 to express ! great mutual  
joy ( t meet+1 until at la/ my lady     
rais$ h] head1 & /ill hold+ my h&s1 cri$
 out z %e gaz$ on my face3  ,y are m    
welcome1 sweet "o1 ?an my poor words c  

say4 ,i pray y1 d(f y\r hat & mantle1 & 
come & sit by me1 = 'tis a we>y :ile    
s9ce we h met1 & ^? are gone f u :o lov$
 u !n1 & = _! sakes we mu/ ne$s love "o 
ano!r de>ly1 if our he>ts did n (       
!mselves move u unto x1 :i* inde$ !y d1 
if ,i may judge ( y\rs1 ,mi/ress        
,con/ance1 by m9e own4  ,!n we kiss$    
aga91 & %e pass$ h] arm ar\nd my neck ) 
s _m graceful ende>m5ts1 9 :i* 7 bl5d$  
girli% simplicity & a y\?ful yet        
matronly dignity1 t ,i felt t day ! love
 :i*1 me?9ks1 up to t "t _h _h its seat 
mo/ly 9 ! fancy1 take su* root 9 m9e    
he>t1 t x nev] lo/ its hold on x4  ,at !
 fir/ our tongues 7 some:at ti$ by joy &
 lack ( k h[ to beg9 to conv]se on ! _m 
subjects :]eon bo? desir$ to he> ! o!r  
speak1 & ! disuse ( su* int]c\rse z     
make? x easy to disc\rse on :at ! he>t  
is full (4 ,h[soev]1 ,lady ,surrey      
que/ion$ me t\*+ my fa!r1 & :at _h      
befall5 u s9ce my "m's dea?4 ,i told h] 
t he _h left 8 home1 & s5t me to ,london
 by reason ( ! pres5t tr\bles2 b )\t    

m5tion ( :at ,i did appreh5d to be 8    
fur!r int5t4 ,& %e !n said t ! conc]n %e
 0 9 an5t h] good fa!r ! ,duke (        
,norfolk did cause h] to pity ^? :o 7   
also 9 tr\ble4  ,b 8 grace1 ,i answ]$1  
is1 ,i hope1 9 safety at pres5t1 & 9 8  
own h\se8  ,9 ?is h\se1 inde$1 %e did   
reply1 b a /rait prison] 9 ,sir ,h5ry   
,neville's cu/ody1 & n suff]$ to see 8  
fri5ds )\t h] maje/y's especial         
p]mission4 ,he did s5d = 8 son & me la/ 
ev5+1 hav+ obta9$ leave = to see u1 :i* 
he _h n done s9ce ! day my "l & ,i 7    
m>ri$ aga91 by #cff 8 ord]1 f ! ,t[]1   
out ( fe> le/ our fir/ m>riage1 be+ made
 be=e ,phil 0 q twelve ye>s old1 x %\ld 
h be5 annull$ by ord] ( ! que51 or by "s
 o!r means4 ,x griev$ me mu* to notice  
h[ gray 8 hair _h gr[n1 & t 8 eyes lack$
 _! wont$ fire4 ,:5 we ent]$ he 0 sitt+ 
9 a *air1 lean+ backw>d1 ) 8 head almo/ 
ov] ! back ( x1 look+ at a c&le :i*     
burnt be=e him1 & a lett] 9 8 h&4 ,he   
smil$ :5 he saw u1 & said ! greate/     
com=t he _h 9 ! _w 0 t we 7 n[ s jo9$   

toge!r t no?+ c\ld ev] "p u4 ,y see1    
,mi/ress ,con/ance1 %e said1 ) a pretty 
blu% & smile1 ,i n[ d we> my w$d+-r+    
bel[ ! middle jo9t4  ,& d y live alone )
 my "l n[ 9 ^! gr& *amb]s8 ,i said1     
look+ r\nd at ! walls1 :i* 7 hung ) r>e 
tape/ry & f9e pictures4  ,bess is ) me1 
%e answ]$1 & s w rema9 ,i hope until %e 
is f\rte51 :5 %e w be m>ri$ to my ,"l   
,william1 my "l's bro!r4 ,our ,moll is  
likewise "h1 & 0 to h w$d$ my ,"l ,?omas
 :5 %e did gr[ up2 b %e is n l to live1 
! physicians d say4  ,! sweet lady's    
eyes fill$ ) te>s1 b1 z if unwill+ to   
ent]ta9 me ) h] griefs1 %e quickly *ang$
 disc\rse1 & spoke ( my com+ unto       
,london1 & inquir$ if my aunt's h\se 7 a
 pleasant "o1 & if %e 0 l to prove a    
good k9swoman to me4 ,i told h] h[      
com=table _h be5 ! mann] ( my reception1
 & ( my c\s9s' goodness to me2 at ! :i* 
%e did express great cont5tm5t1 & w\ld n
 be satisfi$ until ,i _h describ$ ea* ( 
!m 9 turn1 & :at good looks or :at good 
qualities !y _h2 :i* ,i c\ld ! m easily 

d t ! fir/ c\ld be disc]n$ ev5 at fir/  
sight1 & t\*+ ! la/1 ,i _h w>rant f     
,mrs4 ,w>d's comm5dations1 :i* _h m     
weight ?an my own spe]+s1 ev5 if ,i _h  
be5 a ye> & n solely a day 9 _! company4
 ,%e 0 va/ly tak5 ) :at ,i relat$ to h] 
( ,muriel1 & t %e did visit & relieve   
poor p]sons & prison]s1 & wi%$ %e _h    
lib]ty to d ! l2 & ) a lovely blu% & a  
mode/ confusion1 z ( "o :o do? n will+ly
 disclose h] good de$s1 %e told me all !
 "t %e c\ld sp>e %e did employ 9 mak+   
clo!s = su* z %e c\ld he> (1 & also     
salves & cordials 7su* z %e _h le>nt to 
comp\nd f h] de> gr&mo!r71 & privately  
s5t !m by h] wait+-maid1 :o 0 a "y      
g5tlewoman ( good family1 :o _h lo/ h]  
p>5ts1 & 0 mo/ excell5tly end[$ ) virtue
 & piety4  ,come to my closet1 ,miss    
,con/ance1 %e said1 & ,i d\bt n b we    
%all f9d ,milic5t at "w1 if s be %e has 
n gone abroad to-day on "s su* err& (   
*>ity4 ,^u :i* %e l$ ! way ?r\gh a      
second *amb]1 /ill m ri*ly fitt$ up ?an 
! fir/1 into a small] "o1 :]e91 :5 %e   

op5$ ! door1 ,i saw a pretty liv+       
picture ( two girls at a table1 busily  
engag$ ) a /ore ( bottles & h]bs &      
o9tm5ts1 :i* 7 /rewn ^u x 9 great       
abundance4 ,"o ( !m 0 a "y maid1 :o 0   
measur+ drops into a phial1 ) a look s  
att5tive ^u x z if t little bottle _h   
be5 ! circle ( h] ?\ghts4 ,%e 0 v fair &
 slim1 & _h a delicate appe>ance1 :i*   
m9d$ me ( a sn[-drop2 & inde$1 by :at my
 lady said1 %e 0 a fl[]et :i* _h        
blossom$ amid/ ! fro/s & cold w9ds (    
adv]sity4 ,by h] side 0 ! mo/ gleesome  
w5*1 ( n m ?an eight ye>s1 ,i ev] did   
set eyes on2 ( a fatness t at h] age 0  
comely1 & a face s full ( wagg]y & saucy
 mir?1 t b to look ^u x drove away      
melan*oly4 ,%e 0 comp\nd+ 9 a cup a /ore
 ( v>i\s liquids1 :i* %e said did cure  
%rewi%ness1 & said %e w\ld p\r "s into  
h] nurse's night-draught1 to m5d h] ( t 
disord]4  #cfg  ,ah1 ,nan1 %e cri$1 z we
 ent]$1 ,i'll help !e to a ta/e ( ?is   
r>e m$ic9e1 = me?9ks ?\ art some:at     
%rewi% also & n s con=mable to ?y       

husb&'s w1 my lady1 z a good wife %\ld  
be4 ,by t same tok5 t my "l will$ to    
take me beh9d him on 8 horse a gay ride 
r\nd ! squ>e1 &1 =soo?1 because ,i _h n 
le>nt my lesson1 ?\ did/ %ut me up to   
die ( melan*oly4 ,ah1 me6 ,my "m _h a   
maid call$ ,b>b>a--    ',s+ will[1      
will[1 will[4'  ,t is "o ( ,phil's      
favorite songs4 ,milic5t1 me?9ks ,i w   
call !e ,b>b>a1 & ?\ %alt s+ ) me--     
',! poor s\l sat sigh+ by a sycamore    
tree1--   ,s+ all a gre5 will[2   ,h] h&
 on h] bosom1'--  ,!re1 put ?y h& 9 t   
fa%ion--    'h] head on h] knee1'--     
,nay1 pri!e1 ?\ mu/ b5d ?y head l[]--   
',s+ will[1 will[1 will[4'  ,my lady1   
said ! g5tlewoman1 smil+1 ,i promise y  
,i d>e n take ^u me to fulfil my tasks )
 cr$it to myself or y\r lady%ip1 if     
,mi/ress ,bess ha? ! run ( ?is room1 &  
do? prep>e cordials aft] h] fa%ion f y\r
 lady%ip's /ores4  ,ah1 ,bess6 quo? my  
lady1 %ak+ h] f+] at ! saucy "o2 ,i'll  
deliv] !e up to ,mrs4 ,fawcett1 :o w    
give !e a ta/e ( ! place ( correction2 &

 ,phil is n "h to-day to beg !e (f4 ,&  
n[1 good ,milic5t1 pri!e make a bundle (
 su* clo!s z we h 9 h&1 & su* com=ts z  
be suitable to su* z are sick & 9       
prison1 = ?is sweet "y lady ha? ne$ ( !m
 = "s :o be 9 t sad plight4  ,&1 my     
lady1 quo? ! g5tlewoman1 ,i w\ld fa9    
le>n h[ to dress w\nds :5 ! fle% is     
gall$2 = ,i d sometimes meet ) poor m5  
:o d suff] 9 t way1 & w\ld relieve !m if
 ,i c\ld4  ,i "k1 ,i cri$1 ( a r>e      
o9tm5t my "m us$ to make = t sort (     
hurt2 & if my ,lady ,surrey gives me    
lic5se1 ,i w rememb] y1 mi/ress1 ) !    
receipt ( x4  ,my lady1 ) a k9dly smile 
& express$ ?anks1 ass5t$2 & :5 we left !
 closet1 ,i greatly comm5d+ ! "y        
g5tlewoman's beauty1 %e said t beauty 9 
h] 0 ! wor/ half ( h] m]it4  ,b1        
,mi/ress ,con/ance1 %e said1 :5 we _h   
return$ to ! saloon1 ,i may n s5d h] to 
su* poor m51 & above all1 prie/s1 :o be 
9 prison = _! fai?1 z ,i he>1 to my     
great sorr[1 !re be s _m at ?is "t1 & :o
 suff] great h>d%ips1 m ?an c be easily 

believ$1 = %e is ,prote/ant1 & n ?r\gh  
con=m+ to ! times1 b s settl$ 9 h] way (
 ?9k+1 & e>ne/ !re91 hav+ be5 br\ght up 
to x1 t %e w\ld n s mu* z op5 a ,ca?olic
 book or li/5 to a ^w 9 def5ce ( papi/s4
  ,b h[1 !n1 do? %e s]ve a ,ca?olic     
lady8 ,i ask$1 ) a beat+ he>t2 & oh1 )  
:at a sad "o did he> h] answ]1 = x 0 z  
foll[s3  ,de> ,con/ance1 ,i mu/ ne$s    
obey ^? :o h a "r to comm& me1 su* z 8  
grace my good fa!r & my husb&2 & !y are 
bo? v urg5t & resolv$ t by all means ,i 
%all con=m to ! times4 ,s ,i d g to     
,prote/ant s]vice2 b ,i use at home my  
pray]s1 z my gr&mo!r did tea* me2 &     
,phil says !m too1 :5 ,i c get him to   
say any4  ,!n y d n he> mass1 ,i said1  
sorr[fully1 or confess y\r s9s to a     
prie/8  ,no1 %e answ]$1 9 a sad mann]2  
,i once ask$ my ,lady ,lumley1 :o is a  
good ,ca?olic1 if %e c\ld procure ,i    
%\ld see a prie/ ) t int5t at ,arundel  
,h\se2 b %e turn$ pale z a %eet1 & said 
t to get any "o to be reconcil$ :o _h   
#cfh once con=m$ to ! ,prote/ant        

religion1 0 to run dang] ( dea?2 &      
albeit = h] own "p %e w\ld n refuse to  
die = s good a cause1 %e d>$ n br+ h]   
fa!r's gray hairs to ! block4  ,z we 7  
hold+ ?is disc\rse--& %e s int5t 9      
speak+1 & ,i 9 li/5+1 t we _h n he>d !  
door op5--,"l ,surrey sudd5ly /ood be=e 
u4 ,8 height made him m ?an a boy1 & 8  
face w\ld n all[ him a man2 = ! re/1 he 
0 well-proportion$1 & did all ?+s ) s   
notable a grace1 t nature _h /amp$ him )
 ! m>k ( true nobility4 ,he made a      
slight obeisance to me1 & ,i notic$ t 8 
*eek 0 flu%$1 & t he grasp$ ! h&le ( 8  
sword ) an ang] :i* took n away !       
sweetness ( 8 c\nt5ance1 b gave x an    
amiable sort ( fi]c5ess4 ,!n1 z if      
unable to re/ra9 himself1 he bur/ =?1   
,nan1 an ord] is come = 8 grace to be   
=?) remov$ to ! ,t[]1 & ,i'll w>rant t 0
 ! cause he 0 suff]$ to see u ye/]day4  
,god s5d x prove n a f9al p>t+6  ,is 8  
grace gone8 cri$ ! c\ntess1 />t+ to h]  
feet1 & clasp+ h] h&s ) a sorr[ful      
ge/ure4  ,he goes ev5 n[1 answ]$ ! e>l2 

& bo? w5t to ! w9d[1 :5ce !y c\ld see ! 
coa* 9 :i* ! duke 0 = ! ?ird "t c>ri$ f 
8 home to ! la/ lodg+ he 0 to h on ?is  
e>?4 ,oh1 :at a sorr[ful sight x 0 = ^? 
"y eyes :i* gaz$ on ! sad removal ( !   
sole p>5t bo? _h left6 ,h[ h] te>s did  
fl[ sil5tly l a /ream f a deep f\nt1 & 8
 ) wild bur/s ( grief1 l ! gu%+s ( a    
torr5t ov] rocks6 ,8 head fell on h]    
%\ld]1 & z %e ?rew h] arms r\nd him1 h] 
te>s wett$ 8 hair4 ,me?\ght !n t 9 !    
p5sive t5d]ness ( h] d[nca/ face !re 0  
some:at ( mo!rly z well z ( wifely      
affection4 ,%e put h] arm 9 81 & l$ him 
f ! room2 & ,i rema9$ alone = a %ort "t 
ent]ta9+ myself ) sad ?\ghts an5t ^! two
 "y noble creatures1 :o at s e>ly an age
 _h become acqua9t$ ) s mu* sorr[1 &    
hop+ t ! d>kness :i* did beset ! morn+ (
 _! lives might prove b z ! cl\ds :i* at
 times deface ! sky be=e a brilliant    
sun%9e do? take possession ( x1 &       
dislodge ^! deceitful h>b+]s1 :i* d b   
height5 9 ! end by contra/ ! respl5d5cy 
!y did ?reat5 to obscure4   ,,to ,,be   

,,cont9u$4   #cfi   ,f ,temple ,b>4     
,,fr5* ,,co*9 ,,*9a4   ,betwe5 ,india & 
! ,*9ese empire lies ! p59sula (        
,indo-,*9a1 jutt+ out f> into ! ,indian 
,ocean4 ,! s\?-ea/]n portion ( ?is      
p59sula is occupi$ by ! empire ( ,anam1 
( :i* ! *ief m>itime prov9ce is kn[n to 
,europeans z ,co*9 ,*9a1 b to ! natives 
z ,dang-trong1 or ! out] k+dom4 ,x is 9 
l[] ,co*9 ,*9a t ! ,fr5* h succe$$ 9    
rec5tly e/abli%+ a milit>y settlem5t4 ,9
 ext5t ^! new t]ritorial acquisitions ( 
our some:at ambiti\s neighbors may be   
comp>$ to ,brittany1 ?\gh 9 no o!r      
respect c any resemblance be detect$4 ,!
 c\ntry is1 9 fact1 a /rictly alluvial  
=mation4 ,n only is x wat]$ by !        
,dong-nai & ,saigon riv]s1 b x also     
embraces ! delta ( ! ,mekong1 at ! m\? (
 :i* noble /ream ! ,portuguese poet     
,camo5s 0 %ip-wreck$ 9 ! ye> #aeef1     
swimm+ to ! %ore ) 8 left h&1 :ile 9 8  
"r he held above ! wat]s 8 manuscript   
copy ( ! ,lusiad4 ,x is almo/ ne$less to
 add t a level pla9 spreads f> & wide1  

except q 9 ! nor?1 & t fev]s & dys5t]y  
prevail ?r\gh\t ! great] "p ( ! ye>4 ,! 
climate is c]ta9ly n a heal?y "o =      
,europeans4 ,! ra9y season la/s f ,april
 to ,decemb]1 dur+ :i* ! inhabitants    
live 9 a vapor-ba?4 ,! consequ5ce is1 t 
! ,fr5* soldi]s die (f ) su* frightful  
rapidity t x has be5 urg5tly recomm5d$ t
 e regim5t %\ld be reliev$ aft] two     
ye>s' s]vice4 ,! au?orities1 h[ev]1 h   
lo/ no "t 9 improv+ ! sanit>y condition 
( ! new settlem5t4 ,by means ( native   
labor l>ge tracts ( m>%-l& h be5 dra9$1 
& good roads made 9 lieu ( ! %all[ tidal
 canals :i* previ\sly con/itut$ ! sole  
*annels ( traffic & mutual int]c\rse4   
,=m]ly e villag] own$ a small boat1 9   
:i* he mov$ ab\t f place to place1 tak+ 
) him 8 small m]*&ise1 or convey+ home  
to 8 family ! proce$s ( 8 m>ket+4 ,! t[n
 ( ,saigon itself is e/imat$ to conta9  
"o hundr$ ?\s& inhabitants4 ,! h\ses are
 exce$+ly mean1 be+ con/ruct$ ei!r (    
wood or ( palm-leaves fa/5$ toge!r4     
,?\gh situat$ sev5ty miles inl&1        

,ghia-d91 z x is call$ by ! natives1 is 
a v fl\ri%+ port1 & exhibits a v active 
movem5t at all seasons ( ! ye>4 ,x is   
frequ5t$ by a l>ge numb] ( ,*9ese       
vessels1 & is n[ ris+ into importance z 
! head ( ! ,fr5* possessions 9 ! ,ea/4  
,s f> back1 inde$1 z ! n9? c5tury       
,saigon 0 not$ = its musl9 manufactures1
 ! f95ess ( :i* 0 su* t an entire dress 
c\ld be drawn ?r\gh ! circumf]5ce ( a   
signet-r+4 ,ow+ to ! comp>ative abs5ce (
 noxi\s insects x is reg>d$ by          
,europeans z a n altoge!r unpleasant    
resid5ce4  ,! population ( ! empire (   
,anam has be5 e/imat$ at ?irty millions2
 b on ?is po9t !re are n suffici5t data 
to =m a v accurate op9ion4 ,b :atev] may
 be _! exact numb]1 ! inhabitants are   
d]iv$ f ?ree s\rces4 ,! ,anamites       
prop]--t is1 ! ,co*9 ,*9ese & !         
,tonk9ese--are ( a ,*9ese orig92 :ile ! 
p ( ,camboge are desc5d$ f ,h9doo       
ance/ors2 & ^? 9 ! int]ior--su* z !     
,lao1 ,moi1 & o!rs--claim to be ! sons (
 ! soil1 ) ,malay blood fl[+ 9 _! ve9s4 

,( ! e>ly hi/ory ( ! ,anamites few      
au!ntic details h rea*$ u1 nor #cgj are 
^! ( a nature to int]e/ ! g5]al read]4  
,al?\gh f an e>ly date ,european        
mission>ies appe> to h labor$ 9 _!      
self-d5y+ task ( conv]t+ ^! disciples ( 
,buddhism to ! pur] t5ets ( ,*ri/ianity1
 x 0 n until ! latt] "p ( ! eighte5?    
c5tury t _! influ5ce 0 s5sibly          
appreciat$4 ,ev5 !n !y 7 indebt$ to an  
accid5t = ! increas$ importance !y h    
s9ce cont9u$ to possess4 ,flee+ f a     
=midable & p>tially successful          
insurrection1 ! only survivor ( ! royal 
family & heir to ! ?rone--aft]w>d !     
celebrat$ ,ghia-l\ng--took refuge 9 !   
h\se ( ,fa!r ,pigneau1 a ,fr5* mission>y
 ( unblemi%$ life & reputation4 ,t wor?y
 man bravely af=d$ %elt] n only to !    
fugitive1 b also to 8 wife1 8 si/]1 & 8 
son1 & ev5 enc\rag$ him to make a /r5u\s
 ef=t to recov] 8 rights4 ,foil$1 h[ev]1
 = a "t by ! sup]ior =ces ( ! rebels1 ! 
pr9ce & 8 fai?ful c\nsellor 7 compell$  
to flee = _! lives to a small isl& 9 !  

,gulf ( ,siam4 ,yield+ to ! advice ( !  
mission>y1 ,ghia-l\ng n[ resolv$ to     
despat* an embassy to ,france1 9 ! hope 
( obta9+ suffici5t assi/ance to place   
himself on ! ?rone ( 8 ance/ors4        
,accord+ly1 9 ! ye> #aghg1 ,fa!r        
,pigneau1 accompani$ by ! y\?ful son ( !
 un=tunate pr9ce1 proce$$ to ,v]sailles1
 & actually prevail$ ^u ,l\is ,,xvi4 to 
conclude an alliance1 (f5sive &         
def5sive1 ) 8 royal cli5t4 ,! t]ms ( ?is
 treaty are s f> curi\s t !y illu/rate !
 practical & reali/ic notion ( an idea  
:i* *>act]iz$ ! old ,fr5* mon>*y q z mu*
 z x does ! second ,napoleonic empire4  
,conv9c$ ( ! ju/ice ( ! ,anamite pr9ce's
 claim to ! cr[n1 & mov$ by a desire to 
af=d him a signal m>k ( 8 fri5d%ip1 z   
well z ( 8 love ( ju/ice1 8 mo/ ,*ri/ian
 maje/y agre$ to despat* imm$iately to !
 coa/s ( ,co*9 ,*9a a squadron consi/+ (
 f\r frigates1 convey+ a l& =ce ( #a1bjj
 foot-soldi]s1 #bjj artill]ym51 & #bej  
,caffres1 ?or\ghly equipp$ = s]vice1 &  
support$ by an effici5t field-batt]y4 ,9

 return =--or r 9 expectation (         
receiv+--?is succor1 ! k+ ( ,co*9 ,*9a  
surr5d]$ ! absolute own]%ip & sov]eignty
 ( ! isl&s ( ,hoi-nan & ,pulo ,condor1  
toge!r ) a half-%>e 9 ! port ( ,t\ron1  
:]e ! ,fr5* 7 au?oriz$ to e/abli% :atev]
 works & factories !y might deem        
requisite = _! safety & comm]cial       
advantage4 ,!y 7 fur!r to enjoy !       
exclusive privilege ( trad+ ) ! ,co*9   
,*9ese1 & ( introduc+ _! m]*&ise free ( 
all *>ges & impo/s4 ,nei!r 0 any trad+  
vessel or %ip ( w> to be p]mitt$ to ent]
 any port on ! ,co*9 ,*9a coa/ save only
 "u ! ,fr5* flag4 ,& 9 ! ev5t ( 8 mo/   
,*ri/ian maje/y becom+ involv$ 9        
ho/ilities ) any o!r p[]1 :e!r ,asiatic 
or ,european1 8 fai?ful ally und]took to
 fit out at 8 own exp5se bo? naval & l& 
=ces to co-op]ate ) ! ,fr5* troops      
any:]e 9 ! ,indian seas1 b n beyond !   
,moluccas or ! ,/raits ( ,malacca4 ,9   
consid]ation ( 8 s]vices 9 negotiat+ ?is
 treaty1 ! ratifications ( :i* 7 to be  
ex*ang$ )9 twelve mon?s at ! late/1     

,fa!r ,pigneau 0 rais$ to ! dignity (   
,bi%op ( ,adran1 & appo9t$ ambassador   
extraord9>y f ! c\rt ( ,v]sailles to t (
 ,co*9 ,*9a4 ,! next /ep 0 to select a  
comm&] = ! project$ exp$ition2 & on !   
new prelate's urg5t solicitation ! k+   
cons5t$1 ?\gh ) m>k$ reluctance1 to     
conf] t di/9ction ^u ! ,c\nt de ,conway1
 at t "t gov]nor ( ! ,fr5* e/abli%m5ts 9
 ,india4 ,! selection prov$ an un=tunate
 "o4 ,bi%op ,pigneau _h omitt$ "o v     
important elem5t f 8 calculation4 ,he _h
 made no all[ance = ! di/urb+ influ5ces 
( an improp] #cga connection ) a lovely 
woman4 ,he may ev5 h be5 ignorant ( ,m4 
de ,conway's misplac$ devotion to ,mdme4
 de ,vi5ne4 ,be ?is z x may1 on 8       
arrival at ,pondi*]ry he refus$ to wait 
^u t all-pot5t lady1 & (f]$ h] su*      
slights t %e became 8 av[$ & bitt]      
enemy4 ,x 0 ?r\gh h]1 inde$1 t !        
exp$ition 0 nev] organiz$1 & t ! k+ (   
,co*9 ,*9a 0 left to 8 own res\rces to  
br+ ab\t 8 re/oration4 ,?is he at l5g?  
accompli%$1 & 9 "s small degree by ! aid

 ( a h&ful ( volunte]s :om ! ,bi%op (   
,adran _h induc$ to accompany him to    
,saigon4 ,a s9c]e fri5d%ip appe>s to h  
exi/$ betwe5 ! ,fr5* prelate & !        
,anamite pr9ce1 :i* t]m9at$ only ) !    
dea? ( ! =m] 9 ! la/ ye> ( ! eighte5?   
c5tury4 ,b ?\gh ,ghia-l\ng 0 fully      
s5sible ( ! advantages to be d]iv$ f    
ma9ta9+ a fri5dly int]c\rse ) ,european 
nations1 he 0 n bl9d to ! inconv5i5ces  
likely to arise f all[+ ! subjects ( a  
=eign p[] to =m indep5d5t settlem5ts )9 
8 dom9ions4 ,feel+ t 8 end 0 at h&1 !   
ag$ mon>* emphatically w>n$ 8 son n to  
all[ ! ,fr5* to possess a s+le in* ( l& 
9 8 t]ritories2 b at ! same "t advis$   
him to cultivate amicable relations ) t 
p4 ,8 successor obey$ ! pat]nal c\nsels 
only 9 "p4 ,he took c>e1 inde$1 to      
prev5t ! ,fr5* f settl+ p]man5tly 9 8   
c\ntry2 b he w5t v mu* fur!r1 = he      
actively p]secut$ ! ,*ri/ian conv]ts1 & 
ex]t$ himself to ! utmo/ to oppose !    
introduction ( we/]n ideas &            
civilization4 ,9 ! ye> #ahbe ,m9-mang--=

 s 0 ?is emp]or call$--refus$ ev5 to    
receive a lett] & pres5ts =w>d$ by ,l\is
 ,,xviii41 & express$ 8 det]m9ation to  
keep alo( f all int]c\rse ) ,european   
p[]s4  ,z ,capta9 de ,b\ga9ville 0      
provid$ nei!r ) in/ructions h[ to act "u
 su* circum/ances1 nor ) a suffici5t =ce
 to compel ! acceptance ( :at 0 decl9$  
to be tak5 ) a good grace--we quote f   
,m4 ,leon de ,rosny's ,tableau de       
,co*9*9e1 to :i* we are indebt$ = !     
matt] ( ?is article he =m$ ! wise       
resolution ( )draw+ f ^? inhospitable   
%ores4 ,b be=e he did s1 he succe$$ 9   
l&+ ,fa!r ,reg]eau1 a ,fr5* prie/ :o _h 
devot$ himself to ! "w ( mak+ ,*ri/ians 
( ! ,anamites1 :e!r !y w\ld or n4 ,no   
soon] did ?is unwelcome news rea* ! e>s 
( ! mon>*1 ?an x caus$ an edict to appe>
 enjo9+ ! m&>9s to ex]cise ! utmo/      
vigilance 9 prev5t+ ! +ress ( ! tea*]s (
 ! p]v]se religion ( ! ,europeans1 :i*  
is describ$ z prejudicial to ! rectitude
 & "r-m9d$ness ( mank9d4 ,! doctr9e ( ! 
mission>ies 0 fur!r repres5t$1 9 a      

petition said to h be5 inspir$ by !     
emp]or himself1 z ( a nature to corrupt 
& s$uce ! common p by abus+ _! cr$ulity4
 ,!y employ1 x 0 said1 ! fe> ( hell &   
et]nal puni%m5t to t]rify ! timid2 :ile1
 to attract individuals ( a diff]5t     
temp]am5t1 !y promise ! enjoym5t (      
heav5ly bliss z ! rew>d ( virtue4 ,by   
degrees ! ill-feel+ ent]ta9$ by ! emp]or
 t[>d ! mission>ies grew 9 int5sity1    
until !y became ! object ( 8 bitt]      
av]sion2 & z 8 subord9ates1 accord+ to  
cu/om1 7 anxi\s to recomm5d !mselves to 
favor by _! demon/rative zeal1 x 0 n    
long be=e ! *ur* ( ,co*9 ,*9a 0 enri*$  
by ! cr[n ( num]\s m>tyrs4 ,! fir/ ( ^! 
m>tyrs 0 ! ,abbe ,gagel91 :o 0 /rangl$  
on ! #ag? ,octob]1 #ahcc2 b !n 8 (f5ce 0
 tw(old1 = he _h n only prea*$ ! =bidd5 
doctr9es1 b1 9 contrav5tion ( ! k+'s    
comm&s1 _h quitt$ ! t[n ( ,dong-nai to d
 s4 ,a v naive lett] f a mission>y nam$ 
,jacqu>d convey$ to ! abbe ! tid+s ( 8  
=?com+ m>tyrdom4 ,y\r s5t5ce1 #cgb he   
wrote1 has be5 irrevocably pron\nc$4 ,z 

soon z y h und]gone ! puni%m5t ( ! cord1
 y\r head w be cut (f & s5t into !      
prov9ces 9 :i* y h prea*$ ,*ri/ianity4  
,behold y1 !n1 a m>tyr6 ,h[ =tunate y   
are6 ,to ?is pi\s effusion ! abbe repli$
 9 a simil> /ra93 ,! news y ann\nce ( my
 be+ irrevocably condemn$ to dea?       
p5etrates my v he>t's core ) joy4 ,no2  
,i d n hesitate to av[ x1 nev] did any  
news give me s mu* pleasure4  ,9 !      
foll[+ ye> ano!r mission>y 0 tortur$ to 
dea?1 n m]ely z a tea*] ( ! new         
religion1 b because he 0 f\nd 9 !       
company ( "s rebels :o _h seiz$ ^u a =t4
 ,no o!r m>tyrdom occurr$ aft] ?is until
 #ahcg1 9 :i* ye> ! ,abbe ,cornay 0     
behead$ & qu>t]$1 aft] be+ imprison$ =  
?ree mon?s2 &1 9 #ahch1 ,m4 ,jacqu>d    
himself escap$ by /rangulation f !      
insults & outrages to :i* he _h be5 = "s
 "t subject$4 ,nor 0 x ! mission>ies    
alone :o %>$ ! fate & emulat$ ! calm    
h]oism ( ! e>ly apo/les4 ,! native      
neophytes 7 n a :it less zeal\s to suff]
 9 _! ,ma/]'s cause1 & to be> witness to

 ! tru?1 9 dea? z 9 life4 ,! common p   
eag]ly flock$ to behold _! execution1 n 
inde$ to taunt & revile ! pati5t        
victims1 b to secure "s relic1 h[ev]    
trifl+ or o!rwise disgu/+1 & to dip _!  
g>m5ts 9 ! /ill-fl[+ blood4 ,pagans &   
,*ri/ians alike yield$ to ?is sup]/ition
 or v5]ation1 :ile ! soldi]s on duty    
drove a lucrative trade 9 sell+ to !    
scrambl+ cr[d fragm5ts ( ! dress & p]son
 ( ! yet-quiv]+ m>tyr4 ,ev5 !           
execution]s are report$ to h affirm$ t  
at ! mom5t ! head 0 sev]$ f ! body a    
c]ta9 p]fume exhal$ f ! gu%+ blood1 z if
 anticipat+ glorification 9 heav54 ,m4  
de ,rosny1 h[ev]1 frankly admits t      
,m9-mang 0 *iefly mov$ by political     
consid]ations to p]secute ! foll[]s ( ! 
new religion1 :om he believ$ to be 9    
league ) 8 wor/ enemies1 especially aft]
 ! capture ( a mission>y 9 "o ( ! rebel 
=ts4 ,8 policy1 :atev] may h be5 its    
real spr+s1 0 adopt$ by 8 son ,?ie\-tri1
 "o ( ^: fir/ public acts 0 to comm& !  
gov]nors ( prov9ces to track out !      

,*ri/ians to _! mo/ secret asylums4 ,^! 
ord]s 7 only too fai?fully obey$4 ,!    
,fr5* mission>ies 7 f]ret$ out ( _!     
lurk+-places1 ?r[n into prison1 &       
o!rwise ill-treat$1 ?r\gh\t ?is reign1  
:i* did n t]m9ate be=e ! end ( #ahdg4   
,! new mon>*1 commonly kn[n z ,tu-,duk1 
walk$ 9 ! foot/eps ( 8 fa!r4 ,an edict 0
 issu$ almo/ imm$iately aft] 8 accession
 to ! ?rone1 comm&+ t e ,european       
mission>y f\nd 9 ,anam %\ld be ?r[n into
 ! sea ) a rope r\nd 8 neck4 ,& :5 !    
m&>9s hesitat$ to execute su* sangu9>y  
ord]s1 a second edict appe>$ enjo9+ t   
:osoev] conceal$ 9 8 h\se a propagator (
 ! ,*ri/ian fai? %\ld be cut 9 two &    
?r[n into ! riv]4 ,! fi5di% "w !n began 
9 e>ne/4 ,! sword ( ! execution] 0 aga9 
call$ into reque/1 & sev]al mo/ e/imable
 m5 suff]$ dea? on ! scaffold4 ,at la/  
ev5 a bi%op1 ,monseigneur ,diaz1        
exp]i5c$ ! fate ( 8 humbl] bre?r51 on ! 
#bj? ,july1 #aheg2 & z ?is prelate      
happ5$ to be a ,spani>d1 8 dea? 0 av5g$ 
by an alli$ ,franco-,spani% exp$ition1  

:i* result$ 9 ! conque/ ( ,l[] ,co*9    
,*9a1 & ! cession ( ! prov9ces (        
,saigon1 ,bi5-hoa1 & ,myt-ho to ! ,fr5*4
 ,let u n[ see :at mann] ( m5 7 ^!      
,anamites :om ! ,fr5*1 fail+ to conv]t1 
7 compell$1 by _! s5se ( spiritual duty1
 to conqu] & subjugate4 ,m4 de ,rosny   
%all cont9ue to be our guide4  ,! p (   
,anam ,prop] are evid5tly ( ,mongol     
extraction4 ,_! complexion is ( a d>k   
sall[ hue1 v>y+ f a dirty :ite to a     
yell[i% #cgc olive color4 ,9 /ature !y  
are %ort1 b ?ickset1 & rem>kably active4
 ,_! features are by no means beautiful 
accord+ to ! ,european idea ( beauty4   
,!y h %ort squ>e noses1 prom95t         
*eek-bones1 ?9 lips1 an small black     
eyes--! eyeball be+ r yell[ ?an :ite4   
,_! tee?1 :i* are naturally ( a pure    
:ite1 are /a9$ almo/ black & o!rwise    
disfigur$ by ! excessive use (          
betel-nut4 ,_! c\nt5ances are *iefly    
m>k$ by ! bread? & height ( !           
*eek-bones1 & are ne>ly ( ! %ape ( a    
loz5ge4 ,! wom5 are bett]-look+1 &      

decid$ly m graceful1 ?an ! m51 ev5 9 !  
l[] classes1 b bo? sexes are p>ticul>ly 
*e]ful & vivaci\s4 ,! upp] classes1     
h[ev]1 affect ! solemn air & grave      
deportm5t ( ! ,*9ese1 & are consequ5tly 
mu* less agreeable to /rang]s ?an are ! 
less-dignifi$ ord]s4 ,corpul5ce is      
consid]$ a great beauty--a fat face & a 
protub]ant /oma* con/itut+ ! ideal ( an 
,adonis4 ,bo? m5 & wom5 we> _! hair     
long1 b ga!r$ up at ! back ( ! head 9 a 
knot4 ,x is nev] cut save 9 e>ly y\?1 :5
 x is all %av$ (f ) ! exception ( a     
small tuft on ! top ( ! cr[n4 ,a        
close-cropp$ head ( hair1 inde$1 is     
look$ ^u z a badge ( infamy1 & is "o ( !
 di/+ui%+ m>ks ( a convict$ crim9al4 ,! 
be>d is all[$ to gr[ naturally1 b       
consi/s ( little m ?an a few scatt]$    
hairs at ! end ( ! *92 ! upp] lip be+ z 
scantily furni%$4 ,! nails %\ld be v    
long1 ?91 & %>p-po9t$1 & by ! wom5 are  
usually /a9$ ( a r$ color4  ,! ,anamites
 dress !mselves 9 silk or cotton accord+
 to _! means2 b :atev] ! mat]ial1 ! =m (

 _! g>b is always ! same4 ,9 addition to
 wide tr\s]s fa/5$ r\nd ! wai/ by a     
silk5 girdle1 !y we> a robe desc5d+ to !
 knees1 & occasionally a %ort] "o ov] t2
 bo? equally op5+ on ! "r side1 b clos$ 
by five or six buttons4 ,! m5's sleeves 
are v wide1 & s long t !y desc5d        
consid]ably l[] ?an ! ends ( ! f+]s4 ,! 
wom51 h[ev]1 :o 9 o!r respects dress    
precisely z d ! m51 h _! sleeves some:at
 %ort]1 9 ord] to display _! metal or   
pe>l bracelets4 ,! "u-g>m5t is g5]ally  
made ( c\ntry cotton1 b ! upp] "o1 z    
worn by ! high] classes1 is inv>iably ( 
silk or fl[]$ musl91 ( ,*9ese           
manufacture4 ,cotton tr\s]s are (t5 dy$ 
br[n1 b ev5 ! labor+ population make use
 ( silk z mu* z possible4 ,= m\rn+      
g>m5ts cotton alone is employ$1 :ite be+
 ! fun]eal color4  ,out ( doors m5 &    
wom5 alike we> v>ni%$ /raw hats1 upw>d (
 two feet 9 diamet]1 fa/5$ "u ! *91 & v 
useful z a protection aga9/ sun & ra91  
?\gh some:at grotesque 9 appe>ance4 ,)9 
doors ! wom5 g b>ehead$1 n unfrequ5tly  

all[+ _! f9e black tresses to hang loose
 d[n _! backs almo/ to ! gr\nd4 ,e>-r+s1
 bracelets1 & r+s on _! f+]s are        
favorite objects ( female vanity2 b a   
mode/ demeanor is a ?+ unkn[n2 a bold1  
da%+ mann] be+ mo/ admir$ by ! m54 ,!y  
are c]ta9ly n good-look+2 b _! natural  
gaiety & livel9ess amply comp5sate = !  
abs5ce ( p]sonal *>ms4  ,old m5 & p]sons
 ( di/9ction alone we> s&als1 ! p       
g5]ally pref]r+ to g b>efoot$4 ,a pair (
 silk5 purses1 or bags1 to c>ry betel1  
money1 & tobacco1 may be se5 9 ! h&1 or 
hang+ ov] ! %\ld]1 ( e man & woman n    
actually employ$ 9 h>d labor4 ,!y are1 =
 ! mo/ "p1 ( blue sat91 & sometimes     
ri*ly embroid]$4 ,l _! neighbors !      
,*9ese1 ! ,anamites are scrupul\s       
obs]v]s ( ! di/9ctive insignia ( rank1 b
 pay no reg>d to p]sonal cleanl9ess4    
,not)/&+ _! frequ5t ablutions1 _! clo!s1
 _! hair1 _! f+]s & nails1 are disgu/+ly
 fil?y4 ,ev5 weal?y p]sons we> dirty    
cotton dresses )9 doors1 ov] :i* #cgd !y
 ?r[ _! sm>t silk5 robes :5 !y g out4   

,ta/e is prov]bially a matt] beyond     
dispute2 b x w\ld be v h>d = any        
,european to agree ) an ,anamite z to   
:at con/itut$ a delicacy & :at an       
abom9ation4 ,a ,co*9 ,*9ese epicure     
delights1 = in/ance1 9 rott5 eggs1 & is 
especially fond ( !m aft] !y h be5 "u a 
h5 = t5 or twelve days4 ,f /ale fi%1    
aga91 he extracts 8 *oice/ sauce1 &     
fea/s gre$ily ^u meat 9 a /ate (        
putrefaction4 ,v]m9 ( all sorts is      
highly appreciat$4 ,crocodile's fle% is 
also greatly priz$2 ?\gh boil$ rice & a 
little fi% fre%1--smok$1 or salt$--are !
 ord9>y food ( ! poor4 ,among delicacies
 may be m5tion$ silk-worms fri$ 9 fat1  
ants & ants' eggs1 bees1 insects1       
swall[s'-ne/s1 & a l>ge :ite worm f\nd 9
 decay$ wood2 b no da9ty is m de>ly     
reli%$ ?an a /ill-born calf s]v$ up :ole
 9 its sk9 & almo/ raw4 ,9 ! way ( pa/ry
 ! wom5 greatly affect beignets made (  
h]bs1 sug>1 & clay4 ,among ! ri* ! di%es
 are plac$ on l[ tables a foot or two 9 
height1 r\nd :i* ! d9]s seat !mselves on

 ! gr\nd 9 ! attitude ( tailors4 ,=ks & 
spoons are equally unkn[n1 b *op-/icks  
are us$ aft] ! ,*9ese fa%ion4 ,! d9n]   
usually beg9s1 in/ead ( end+1 ) fruit & 
pa/ry4 ,dur+ ! meal no?+ liquid is tak51
 b be=e sitt+ d[n x is cu/om>y to take a
 gulp or two ( /rong spirits di/ill$ f  
f]m5t$ rice1 & aft] d9n] sev]al small   
cups ( tea are drunk by ^? :o c af=d to 
d s4 ,cold or unadult]at$ wat] is ?\ght 
un:olesome1 & is !re=e nev] tak5 by     
itself4 ,betel-nut mix$ ) quicklime is  
con/antly *ew$ by bo? m5 & wom51 & (    
late ye>s ! use ( opium has p>tially    
crept 94  ,! h\ses ( ! ,anamites are    
only "o /ory high1 & v l[ 9 ! ro(4 ,!y  
are1 9 fact1 m]e halls1 ! ro( ( :i* is  
usually support$ on bamboo pill>s1 on   
:i* are pa/$ /rips ( _m-color$ pap]     
inscrib$ ) ,*9ese prov]bs4 ,! ro( slopes
 r %>ply1 & consi/s ( re$ or /raw4      
,nei!r w9d[s nor *imneys are se54 ,!    
smoke escapes & ! light ent]s by ! door4
 ,! walls are made ( palm leaves1 ?\gh  
ri* p (t5 employ wood = t purpose4 ,9   

ei!r case !y are fil?ily dirty & sw>m ) 
insects4 ,at ! fur!r end ( ! h\se is a  
rais$ plat=m1 :i* s]ves z a b$ = !      
entire family4 ,! floor is ( e>?1 n     
unfrequ5tly trav]s$ by *annels holl[$   
out by ! ra9 :i* desc5ds ?r\gh ! ro(4 ,9
 e h\sehold "o memb] rema9s awake all   
night1 to give ! al>m 9 case ( ?ieves   
attempt+ to come 94  ,x is usual = ! m5 
to m>ry z soon z !y h ! means to pur*ase
 a wife4 ,! price ( su* an article      
v>ies1 accord+ to circum/ances1 f two to
 t5 %ill+s1 ?\gh ri* p w give z mu* z   
twice or ?ree times t sum = any?+ out ( 
! common run4 ,polygamy is p]mitt$ by ! 
laws2 b practically x is a luxury conf9$
 to ! weal?y1 & ev5 ) !m ! fir/ wife    
reigns supreme ov] ! h\sehold4 ,!       
privilege ( divorce is res]v$           
exclusively = ! husb&s1 :o c put away a 
disagreeable p>tn] by break+ 9 twa9 a   
copp] co9 or a piece ( wood1 9 ! pres5ce
 ( a witness4 ,p>5ts _c dispose ( _!    
daught]s 9 m>riage )\t _! free cons5t4  
,previ\s to m>riage ! ,co*9 ,*9ese are  

p]fectly unre/ra9$2 b z *a/ity is no?+  
?\ght (1 ?is is n a matt] ( mu* mom5t4  
,infanticide is puni%$ z a crime1 b n s 
abortion4 ,adult]y is a capital (f5se4  
,! guilty woman is trampl$ to dea? "u ! 
feet ( an elephant1 :ile h] lov] is     
/rangl$ or behead$2 b ^! s5t5ces are    
frequ5tly commut$ into exile4 ,wives are
 n lock$ up z 9 ,mohamm$an c\ntries1 b )
 t exception !y are q z badly treat$1   
be+ altoge!r at ! m]cy ( _! husb&s4 ,!y 
are1 9 tru?1 little bett] ?an slaves or 
#cge bea/s ( burd54 ,x is !y :o build ! 
h\ses1 :o cultivate ! gr\nd1 :o         
manufacture ! clo!s1 :o prep>e ! food1  
:o1 9 %ort1 d ev]y?+4 ,!y h n9e lives1  
say _! ungrateful husb&s1 & c af=d to   
lose "o )\t be+ ! worse = x4 ,!y are    
describ$ z be+ less timid ?an ! m51 m   
intellig5t1 m gay1 & q ready to adapt   
!mselves to ! mann]s & cu/oms ( _! ,fr5*
 rul]s4 ,! m51 ?\gh by no means de/itute
 ( /r5g? & c\rage1 are lazy1 indol5t1 & 
av]se to bodily ex]cise1 & *iefly at    
home 9 ! petty intrigues ( an almo/     

retail comm]ce4  ,great importance is   
atta*$ to ! fun]al c]emonies4 ,! dead   
are int]r$--n burnt1 accord+ to ! cu/om 
( neighbor+ nations-- & mu* ta/e is     
display$ 9 _! burial-places4 ,!re is no 
m acceptable pres5t ?an a c(f91 & ?us x 
usually happ5s t "o is provid$ ye>s be=e
 x c be turn$ to a prop] acc\nt4 ,!     
deceas$ is clo!d 9 8 *oice/ app>el1 & 9 
8 c(f9 is plac$ an abundant supply (    
:atev] he is likely to want 9 ! new life
 ^u :i* he has ent]$ ?r\gh ! portals (  
dea?4 ,! obsequies are g5]ally def]r$ = 
six mon?s1 or = ev5 a :ole ye>1 9 ord]  
to give m "t = ! necess>y prep>ations4  
,on su* occasions fri5ds & relatives    
flock f af> to ! fun]al bak$ meats2 = a 
h&some banquet =ms an ess5tial "p ( !   
o!rwise melan*oly details4 ,f tw5ty to  
?irty be>]s convey ! corpse to its la/  
abode1 amid ! deaf5+ discord ( drums1   
cymbals1 & tom-toms4 ,! procession moves
 ) sl[ & measur$ /ep1 & on ! c(f9 is    
plac$ a %ell fill$ ) wat]1 :i* enables !
 ma/] ( ! c]emonies to asc]ta9 t ! c(f9 

is borne ) becom+ /ead9ess4 ,m\rn+ is   
worn = tw5ty-sev5 mon?s = a fa!r1 "m1 or
 husb&2 b only twelve mon?s = a wife4   
,dur+ ?is p]iod x is =bidd5 to be pres5t
 at any spectacle1 to att5d any meet+1  
or to m>ry4 ,at v>i\s int]vals aft] !   
int]m5t1 (f]+s ( eatables are pres5t$ to
 ! dead1 b :i* are scrupul\sly consum$  
by ! (f]]s !mselves4 ,respect1 bord]+ on
 rev]5ce1 is %[n to old age2 b !n old p 
are a r>ity1 few individuals atta9+ to  
half a c5tury4 ,sickness ( all k9ds is  
rife1 includ+ ! :ole cohort ( fev]s4 ,! 
want ( cleanl9ess is und\bt$ly at !     
bottom ( mo/ ( ! compla9ts f :i* !      
natives suff]4 ,! sy/em ( m$ic9e mo/ 9  
vogue is borr[$ f ! ,*9ese4 ,e well-to-d
 family ma9ta9s its own physician1 :o   
physics all its memb]s to _! he>t's     
cont5t4 ,doctors1 h[ev]1 agree no m 9   
,co*9 ,*9a ?an 9 any o!r region ( !     
globe4 ,!re are two s*ools ( m$ic9e--!  
"o employ+ no?+ b /imulants1 ! o!r adh]+
 solely to refrig]ants1 & bo? cit+ 9    
favor ( _! respective sy/ems ! mo/      

a/\nd+ & well-nigh miracul\s cures4  ,! 
rules ( polit5ess & etiquette are       
di/9ctly drawn & rigidly obs]v$4 ,an    
inf]ior meet+ a sup]ior pro/rates       
himself at full l5g? ^u ! gr\nd1 &      
repeats ! act aga9 & aga9 accord+ to !  
am\nt ( def]5ce he wi%es to exhibit4 ,to
 address "o by ! title ( great-gr&-fa!r 
is to %[ ! highe/ possible respect1 :ile
 gr&fa!r1 fa!r1 uncle1 & eld] bro!r m>k 
! d[nw>d gradations f t supreme po9t4   
,!re is1 9 tru?1 some:at too mu* ( v5e]+
 visible 9 all t p]ta9s to ! private    
life & "* ( ! ,anamites4 ,_! moral code1
 bas$ on ! precepts ( ,confucius1 is    
irreproa*able1 b !y seldom pause to     
regulate _! conduct aft] its :olesome   
doctr9es4 ,pleasure1 inde$1 is m ?\ght (
 ?an morality1 & gambl+ is a rag+       
passion ) all classes4 ,cock-fight+1 &  
ev5 ! combats ( r$-fi%es1 fill !m )     
especial delight2 & :5 ?or\ghly excit$  
!y w /ake on any *ance _! wives &       
*ildr51 & ev5 #cgf !mselves4 ,music1    
danc+1 & !atrical exhibitions are       

likewise mu* to _! ta/e1 ?\gh ! danc]s  
are inv>iably wom5 hir$ = ! purpose4  ,!
 laws & police regulations are = ! mo/  
"p wise & s5sible1 b are m frequ5tly    
neglect$ ?an obs]v$4 ,"h1 z 9 o!r       
,asiatic c\ntries1 a gift 9 ! h& p]v]te?
 ! wisdom ( ! wise1 & ?us only ! poor & 
! /+y ne$ suff] = _! s9s4 ,= mo/ (f5ces 
! ba/9ado is inflict$1 b = he9\s crimes 
capital puni%m5ts are en=c$4 ,!re is a  
suffici5t v>iety 9 ! modes ( execution4 
,sometimes ! crim9al is s5t5c$ to be    
/rangl$2 at o!r "t's he is decapitat$1  
or  trampl$ to dea? by an elephant1 or  
ev5 hack$ to pieces if 8 crime has be5 9
 any way extraord9>y4 ,= m9or           
del9qu5cies rec\rse is _h to            
transportation 9 irons to a di/ant      
prov9ce1 or to h>d labor1 su* z cutt+   
grass = ! emp]or's elephants4  ,society 
is divid$ into two classes--! p & !     
m&>9s4 ,nobility is h]$it>y1 b ! son ( a
 m&>9 ( ! fir/ ord] ranks only ) !      
second until he has done some?+ to m]it 
promotion to 8 fa!r's rank4 ,9 l mann] !

 son ( a second-class m&>9 belongs to ! 
?ird rank1 & s on to ! l[e/ grade2 & !re
 are n9e ( ^!--! highe/ two sitt+ 9 !   
imp]ial c\ncil4 ,b ! mo/ exalt$ honors  
are op5 to ! mo/ humble4 ,no man is s l[
 born z to despair ( becom+ "o ( !      
pill>s ( ! empire4 ,! competition sy/em 
prevails "h 9 its full vigor4 ,ev]y?+   
dep5ds ^u ! pass+ c]ta9 exam9ations2 b =
 all t ! m&>9s are describ$ z oppressors
 ( ! poor1 evil advis]s ( ! sov]eign1   
addict$ to fraud1 giv5 up to _!         
appetites1 wa/+ _! "t 9 s5sual &        
frivol\s pursuits1 corrupt & v5al 9 !   
adm9i/ration ( ju/ice4  ,! patrimony is 
di/ribut$ equally among all ! sons1 :e!r
 legitimate or o!rwise1 except t ! elde/
 receives "o-t5? ( ! entire prop]ty 9   
addition to 8 own %>e2 9 return = :i* he
 is expect$ to gu>d ! int]e/s ( !       
family1 & above all to look aft] 8      
si/]s1 :o _c m>ry )\t 8 cons5t4 ,!      
daught]s h no "p 9 ! inh]itance save 9 !
 abs5ce ( male heirs1 b 9 t case !y are 
treat$ z if !y 7 sons4 ,?r\gh extreme   

pov]ty *ildr5 are (t5 sold z slaves by  
_! p>5ts4 ,an insolv5t debtor likewise  
becomes ! bondsman ( 8 cr$itor2 & z !   
legal rate ( int]e/ is ?irty p] c5t41 a 
debt rapidly accumulates4  ,an ,anamite 
h\r is twice ! l5g? ( a ,european "o1 & 
! night is divid$ into five wat*es4 ,a  
ye> consi/s ( twelve lun> mon?s2 s t e  
two or ?ree ye>s x becomes necess>y to  
add ano!r mon?3 9 n9ete5 ye>s !re are   
sev5te5 ( ^! int]calat$ mon?s4 ,! lapse 
( "t is m>k$ by p]iods ( twelve ye>s1   
five ( :i* con/itute a gr& cycle2 b 9   
hi/orical n>ratives ! dates are         
calculat$ f ! accession ( ! reign+      
mon>*4 ,! ye> beg9s ) ! mon? ( ,febru>y4
 ,! decimal sy/em ( enum]ation is ! "o  
adopt$ by ! ,co*9 ,*9ese4  ,! religion (
 ! p is a sup]/iti\s ,buddhism2 t ( !   
lett]$ classes a dormant belief 9 !     
moral tea*+s ( ,confucius4 ,:atev]      
temples !re are1 are ( a mean ord]1 &   
are s]v$ by an ignorant & ill-paid      
prie/hood4 ,! malignant spirits are     
propitiat$ by (f]+s ( burnt pap]        

inscrib$ ) pray]s1 ( bundles (          
sweet-sc5t$ wood1 & ( o!r articles (    
trifl+ value2 ! good spirits are mo/ly  
neglect$4 ,s9c]e v5]ation1 h[ev]1 is %[n
 to ! manes ( deceas$ ance/ors4 ,!      
prie/s take a v[ ( celibacy1 to :i* !y  
occasionally adh]e4 ,!y ab/a9 entirely f
 animal food1 & affect a yell[ or r$ hue
 9 _! app>el4 ,aft] dea? _! bodies are  
burn$1 & n buri$ z is ! case ) ! laity4 
#cgg  ,! inhabitants ( ,co*9 ,*9a are   
naturally indu/ri\s1 & possess          
consid]able skill z c>p5t]s & uphol/]]s4
 ,!y also "w 9 iron ) "s success1 &     
display no mean ta/e 9 _! pott]y4 ,_!   
cotton & silk manufactures are1 h[ev]1  
co>se & greatly inf]ior to ! ,*9ese4 ,_!
 lack]$ boxes are fam\s ?r\gh\t ! _w1   
nor are _! filigree ornam5ts unwor?y (  
admiration4 ,b ?\gh skilful & intellig5t
 z artisans1 & abundantly end[$ ) !     
faculty ( imitation1 !y are wret*$ly    
defici5t 9 imag9ation1 & h no idea (    
inv5tion4 ,?is defect is p]haps ( less  
consequ5ce n[ t !y h ! b5efit ( receiv+ 

_! impulses f ! mo/ inv5tive nation 9 ! 
_w4 ,)\t d\bt1 _! mat]ial prosp]ity w be
 l>gely augm5t$ by ! ,fr5* dom9ation1   
nor h !y any?+ to lose 9 moral & social 
respects4 ,! conque/ ( ,co*9 ,*9a may   
!re=e be reg>d$ z an advantage to ! p   
!mselves2 b h[ f> x is likely to yield  
any pr(it to ! ,fr5* is altoge!r ano!r  
"q1 & "o :i* at pres5t we are n call$ ^u
 to discuss4 ,suffici5t = ! day is !    
evil !re(4    ------  ,f ,! ,dubl9      
,review4   ,,consalvi',s ,,memoirs4     
,memoires du ,c>d9al ,consalvi1         
,secretaire d',etat du ,pape ,pie       
,,vii41 avec une ,introduction et des   
,notes4 ,p> ,j4 ,,cret9eau-,,joly4 #b   
vols4 #hvo4 ,p>is3 ,plon4 #ahfd4  ,m4   
,cret9eau-,joly is a ,v5dean1 & !re     
seems to be 9 8 blood some?+ ( t        
pugnaci\s & w>like quality :i* s        
di/+ui%$ 8 =efa!rs4 ,ea* ( 8 =m]        
publications betrays ?is combative      
prop5sity1 & ! introduction :i*         
accompanies ,c>d9al ,consalvi's ,memoirs
 is wor?y ( its pr$ecessors4 ,m4        

,cret9eau-,joly is well kn[n on !       
cont95t by 8 ,hi/ory ( ! ,jesuits--a "w 
conta9+ a consid]able am\nt ( valuable  
in=mation conc]n+ t celebrat$ & mu*     
malign$ ord]2 b1 at ! same "t1 x may be 
consid]$ 9 ! light ( an ,arm/rong gun1  
:i* batt]s & r$uces to du/ ! ba/ions (  
an enemy4 ,inde$1 x 0 u%]$ =? at ! v    
height ( ! w>f>e :i* rag$ aga9/ ! ,*ur* 
9 ,france1 a few ye>s previ\s to !      
d[nfall ( ,l\is ,philippe4 ,9 #aheh !   
same writ] produc$ a bro*ure be>+ !     
foll[+ title1 ,! ,*ur* v]sus !          
,revolution1 ano!r broadside fir$ aga9/ 
cr[n$ revolutioni/s1 no less ?an aga9/ !
 sect>ian hordes ( a ,mazz9i & a        
,g>ibaldi4 ,h>dly a ye> _h elaps$ :5 !  
,fr5* emp]or invad$ ,lomb>dy1 ) :at     
result ! :ole _w is aw>e4 ,s ,m4        
,cret9eau-,joly _h tak5 "t by ! =elock4 
,& n[1 aga91 he comes =? ) ^! highly    
int]e/+ & au!ntic memoirs1 writt5 by !  
c>d9al & prime m9i/] ( ,pius ,,vii4 ,9 e
 respect !y may be proclaim$ ! mo/      
important1 if n ! mo/ volum9\s1 ( !     

editor's publications4 ,no "o1 at ! same
 "t1 w fail to p]ceive t betwe5 ! actual
 situation ( ! ,holy ,see & t :i* m>k$  
its hi/ory 9 ! ev5tful ye>s betwe5 #agii
 & #ahaa1 !re und]lies a />tl+          
simil>ity4 ,s+ul>ly en\gh1 ! second half
 ( ! n9ete5? #cgh c5tury beg9s ) ! same 
picture ( viol5ce1 ! same hypocrisy1 !  
same contempt ( "r by might1 t *>act]iz$
 ! dawn ( ! pres5t age4 ,on ! "o side1  
an all-p[]ful rul]1 intoxicat$ by       
success1 back$ by a ho/ ( s]vile        
demagogues1 & h>dly less s]vile1 ?\gh   
royal infidels2 on ! o!r1 a weak old    
man1 back$ by a calm1 delib]ate1 truly  
,*ri/ian g5ius--bo? wield+ no o!r       
weapons b fai?1 hope1 & *>ity--bo? torn 
f _! home & judgm5t-seat by ! iron h& ( 
revolution>y despotism--& yet bo? rid+  
triumphant ov] ! see?+ waves1 :il/ !    
grim corpses ( _! enemies are wa%$ to ! 
%ore1 or />tle ! travell] z he comes    
sudd5ly ^u !m 9 8 w&]+s ?r\gh ,russian  
wilds4 ,ay1 !re %e goes1 t t9y %ip (    
,pet]'s1 ) a ,pius at h] helm2 n[1 z 9  

bygone days1 ) an ,antonelli z a        
comm&]--mu* ab\t ! same man z a         
,consalvi4    ,bl[ fair1 ?\ breeze6 ,%e 
an*ors ere ! d>k4   ,already d\bl$ is ! 
cape--our bay   ,receives t pr[ :i*     
pr\dly spurns ! spray4   ,h[ glori\sly  
h] gallant c\rse %e goes6   ,h] :ite w+s
 fly+--nev] f h] foes--   ,%e walks !   
wat]s l a ?+ ( life1   ,& seems to d>e !
 elem5ts to /rife4  ,sett+ aside        
metaphors & poetry1 ^! memoirs are      
c]ta9ly "o ( ! mo/ rem>kable in/ances ( 
calm self-possession & confid5ce 9 a j  
cause t are to be met ) 9 any "t or     
c\ntry4 ,"h is a man1 & prime m9i/] ( a 
captive sov]eign1 himself a prison]1 :o 
und]takes to write ! hi/ory ( !         
important ev5ts 9 :i* he _h play$ a mo/ 
conspicu\s "p4 ,he is closely wat*$1 &  
consequ5tly oblig$ to write by fits &   
/>ts2 he is depriv$ ( e s\rce (         
docum5t>y in=mation1 & consequ5tly mu/  
tru/ to 8 own memory4 ,w ^! ha/y yet    
tru?ful %eets escape 8 jail]'s eye8 ,he 
_c tell4 ,w he ev] recov] 8 lib]ty1 be  

re/or$ to 8 de> ma/]'s bosom &          
confid5ce8 ,he _c tell3 b nev]!less !   
great c>d9al--= great he 0 univ]sally   
ackn[l$g$--goes on br++ =? c]ta9 facts1 
kn[n to himself alone1 & :i* ?r[ m light
 on ! true "* ( ! fir/ ,napoleon ?an !  
pond]\s & g>bl$ evid5ce ( a ,?i]s1 or   
ev5 ! m tru/wor?y pages ( ,m4 ,artaud1 9
 8 ,life ( ,pius ,,vii4 ,inde$1 !re are 
few comp>isons ( high] int]e/ ?an to op5
 ^? two works at ! p>ts :i* ref] to !   
ev5ts n>rat$ 9 ^! memoirs4 ,a labor (   
?is k9d1 fir/ orig9at+ 9 a _s ( fair    
play1 soon becomes a labor ( love1 s    
/rong is ! contra/ betwe5 ! worldly1    
s*em+1 truckl+1 infidel hi/orian ( !    
fir/ empire1 & ! unassum+ & consci5ti\s1
 ?\gh bold & resolute c>d9al4 ,"o may   
safely say1 t ,m4 ,?i]s w\ld h nev]     
dreamt ( be>d+ ! head/rong ,bonap>te1 z 
,consalvi did on a memorable occasion1  
:i* rem9ds u ( ^? legates ( old1 :o     
daunt$ by _! /eady looks & unruffl$     
pati5ce ! burly viol5ce ( a ,ri*>d1 or  
unveil$ ! cunn+ ( a ,fr$]ic ,hoh5/auf54 

,at ! v outset ( ^! memoirs1 ! c>d9al   
gives u _! true & solemn "*4 ,8 la/ w1  
:i* accompanies !m1 & may be consid]$ z 
a sort ( preface1 conta9s ! foll[+ l9es3
  ,my heir & tru/ee1 z well z ^? :o may 
h]eaft] take *>ge ( my inh]itance1 are  
b\nd to be/[ ! greate/ c>e on my p]sonal
 writ+s relative to ! conclave held at  
,v5ice 9 #agii & #ahjj2 to ! concordat (
 #ahja2 to ! m>riage ( ! ,emp]or        
,napoleon ) ! ,ar*du*ess ,m>ia ,l\isa ( 
,au/ria2 &1 la/ly1 to ! pap]s on diff]5t
 p]iods ( my life & m9i/ry4 ,^! five    
pap]s1 "s ( :i* are ne>ly f9i%$1 & !    
o!rs 9 c\rse ( prep>ation1 are n to be  
publi%$ be=e ! dea? ( ^? em95t p]sonages
 :o are m5tion$ !re94 ,9 ?is way _m     
disputes may be avoid$1 =1 ?\gh utt]ly  
unf\nd$1 z my own writ+s re/ on tru?    
alone1 /ill #cgi !y might injure t v    
tru?1 & ! int]e/s ( ! ,holy ,see1 to :i*
 ,i am desir\s ( leav+ ! means ( repell+
 any false attack publi%$ h]eaft] on ^! 
matt]s4 ,^! memoirs on ! conclave1 !    
concordat ( #ahja1 ! m>riage1 & !       

m9i/ry1 belong+ m especially to ! ,holy 
,sec1 & to ! pontifical gov]nm5t1 my    
heir & tru/ee %all pres5t !m to ! reign+
 pontiff1 & besee* ! ,holy ,fa!r to     
pres]ve !m c>efully )9 ! ar*ives ( !    
,vatican4 ,!y may be ( use to ! ,holy   
,see on _m occasions1 b m p>ticul>ly if 
any future hi/ory be publi%$ ( ! ev5ts  
:i* =m ! object ( ! pres5t writ+s1 or if
 x %\ld become necess>y to refute any   
false /atem5t4 ,9 reg>d to ! memoirs    
conc]n+ ! diff]5t p]iods ( my own life1 
z ! ext9ction ( my family w leave beh9d 
me no "o directly int]e/$ 9 ! foll[+    
pages1 !y are to rema9 9 ! h&s ( my heir
 & tru/ee1 or 9 ^? ( ! successive       
adm9i/rators ( my =tune2 or1 aga91 !y   
may be likewise h&$ ov] to ! ar*ives ( !
 ,vatican1 if !y be deem$ wor?y (       
pres]vation4 ,my only desire is1 t 9    
case ( ! biography ( ! c>d9als be+      
cont9u$1 my heir & executors %all cause 
^! memoirs to be kn[n1 s t no?+ may be  
publi%$ contr>y to tru? ab\t myself2 =  
,i am ambiti\s ( ma9ta9+ immaculate my  

own reputation--a wi% gr\nd$ on !       
prescriptions ( ,scripture4 ,z = ! tru? 
( ! facts br\ght =w>d 9 my writ+s1 ,i   
may make bold to say1 ,deus scit quia   
non m5tior4  ,c>d9al ,consalvi 0 born at
 ,rome1 ( a noble family1 9 #ageg1 & 0 !
 elde/ ( five *ildr51 two ( :om di$ at  
an e>ly age4 ,8 fa!r bore ! title (     
m>quess1 & 8 "m1 ! ,m>*ioness ,claudia  
,c>&9i1 0 ( ,mod5ese orig94  ,! family  
itself1 on ! fa!r's side1 _h sprung up 9
 ,tuscany at ,pisa1 ?\gh n "u ! same "n2
 b emigrat$ ab\t a c5tury & a half ago  
to ! ,roman ,/ates1 :]e x exp&$1 &      
gradually grew into political1 or r     
ecclesia/ical importance4 ,consalvi's   
=efa!rs /ill1 h[ev]1 held 9 ,tuscany "s 
prop]ty1 to :i* he w\ld h be5 entitl$ _h
 he felt dispos$ to dispute ! equity (  
c]ta9 ,leopold9e laws conc]n+ tru/ees4  
,b1 ) *>act]i/ic dis9t]e/$ness ! future 
c>d9al nev] gave ! matt] a second ?\ght4
  ,i nev] felt 7says he7 a passion =    
ri*es2 beside1 my res\rces1 ?\gh f> f   
opul5t1 7 suffici5t = a mode/ way (     

liv+1 ?anks to ! income aris+ out ( !   
diff]5t (fices :i* ,i held successively4
 ,& ?us be+ lift$1 by ,div9e ,provid5ce1
 above vanity & ambition1 ,i nev] 0     
tempt$ to prove t ,i 0 desc5d$ f !      
,brunaccis & n f ! ,consalvis1 :5ev]    
envy or ignorance repres5t$ me z belong+
 to a /ock unbless$ ) old nobility4 ,x  
w\ld h be5 an easy matt] to dispel ^!   
imputations or errors4 ,be+ fully       
conv9c$ t ! be/ nobility spr+s f ! he>t 
& f good de$s2 kn[+1 likewise1 t ,i 0 a 
g5u9e ,brunacci & n a ,consalvi1 ,i     
despis$ all su* rumors4 4 4 4 ,nor did  
,i alt] my views :5 ! high position :i* 
,i aft]w>d atta9$ af=d$ s _m            
opportunities = putt+ an end to ^? idle 
reports4  ,9 ! above passage we h       
already ! :ole man4 ,dur+ 8 long &      
*equ]$ life he nev] once expos$ himself 
to ! *>ge ( mak+ 8 own =tune out ( !    
num]\s & ev5 honorable occasions :i*    
w\ld h tempt$ a less exalt$ s\l4 ,x w\ld
 be useless to foll[ ! "y ,consalvi     
?r\gh 8 c\rse ( /udies1 :i* 7 brilliant1

 & p>tly gone ?r\gh "u ! eye ( ,c>d9al  
,york1 ! la/ ( a fat$ race1 :o ent]ta9$ 
= ! future m9i/] an affectionate        
fri5d%ip t nev] cool$ until 8 dea?4     
,h]cules ,consalvi _h h>dly f9i%$ 8     
academical curriculum at #chj ,rome :5  
he 0 call$ to ! prelature1 9 #aghc1 z   
report] to ! tribunal ( ! ,curia4 ,8    
tal5ts & deep k1 ?\gh s "y1 9 canon &   
civil law1 soon made him conspicu\s     
among 8 competitors4 ,9 #aghf1 ! ,pope  
,pius ,,vi4 appo9t$ him ,pon5te del     
buono govemo1 a bo>d1 or congregation1  
*>g$ ) giv+ its op9ion on all municipal 
que/ions4 ,?is promotion 0 due to 8     
m]it1 b ! c>d9al himself confesses t x 0
 a t>dy "o1 n on acc\nt ( any neglect on
 ! "p ( ! pontifical gov]nm5t1 b m]ely  
because he did n avail himself (        
favorable opportunities4 ,on ! "o h&1   
obs]ves he1 my own disposition nev]     
incl9$ to ask = favor1 & /ill less to   
c\rt ! patronage ( ^? plac$ 9 high      
positions2 :il/1 on ! o!r h&1 ,i _h be=e
 my eyes1 9 su* respects1 ! f9e example 

( my own gu>dian1 ! ,c>d9al ,negroni4 4 
4 4 ,he 0 wont to say1 ',we nev] ought  
to ask = any?+2 we mu/ nev] flatt] to   
obta9 pref]m5t2 b manage 9 su* a way z  
to ov]come e ob/acle1 ?r\gh a mo/       
punctual fulfilm5t ( our duties1 & !    
enjoym5t ( a s\nd reputation4' ,to ?is  
piece ( advice ,i /rictly adh]$ ?r\gh   
life4 ,to ^? :o are s prone to malign ! 
pomp & spl5dor ( ! ,roman prelature1 x w
 be a matt] ( surprise to le>n t at ?is 
v "t ! only b5efice conf]r$ ^u ,consalvi
 am\nt$ to ! paltry /ip5d ( ,l#ab a ye>4
  ,! ,pope1 h[ev]1 :o seems to h be5 an 
excell5t judge ( true m]it1 soon plac$ !
 "y prelate at ! head ( ! hospital (    
,san ,mi*ele1 ! l>ge/ & mo/ important 9 
,rome4 ,! e/abli%m5t requir$ a ?or\gh   
re=m2 & ,consalvi soon work$ wond]s1 be+
 l$ on by 8 own innate ardor1 & by a    
/rong pr$ilection = ! managem5t (       
*>itable in/itutions4 ,b he _h h>dly    
realiz$ 8 int5d$ labor ( re=mation1 :5  
he 0 sup]s$$ by ano!r prelate4 ,pius    
,,vi41 9 fact1 did n wi% ,consalvi to   

we> out 8 en]gies 9 ! r\t9e (           
adm9i/rative bureaucracy4 ,! incid5t :i*
 l$ to 8 promotion is s truly *>act]i/ic
 ( bo? p]sonages1 t we _c refra9 f a    
copi\s quotation3    ,! sudd5 dea? ( "o 
( ! votanti di segnatura1 or ,supreme   
,c\rt ( ,cassation1 made a vacancy 9 t  
c\rt4 ,all my fri5ds   engag$ me n to   
lose a mom5t 9 apply+ = x4 ,i did n     
yield   to _! entreaties1 nor1 inde$1   
did ! ,pope all[ me "t =   t purpose4 ,!
 above dea? _h tak5 place on ,maunday   
,?ursday4   ,! v next morn+1 ?\gh x 0   
,good ,friday1 & ! sacr$   s]vices ( !  
day 7 ab\t to be solemniz$2 ?\gh all !  
public (fices 7 clos$1 accord+ to cu/om1
 ! ,pope s5t to   ! ,secret>y ( ,/ate an
 ord] to =w>d my imm$iate appo9tm5t   z 
votanti di segnatura4 ,z soon z x       
arriv$1 ,i ha/5$ to !   ,pope to ?ank   
him4 ,8 ,hol9ess 0 n 9 ! habit ( receiv+
   any "o m]ely = ! sake ( he>+         
expressions ( gratitude2   /ill less did
 ,i expect to be introduc$ on su* a day1
 :5 !   ,pope1 aft] att5d+ at ! holy    

function1 _h retir$ to 8   ap>tm5ts1 ) a
 view ( com+ back =  ,t5ebra1 & 0 9   ! 
v act ( recit+ ,compl91 :i* 0 to be     
foll[$ by 8   d9n]4    ,on le>n+ t ,i 0 
9 ! ante*amb]1 :]e he _h previ\sly      
giv5 ord]s t ,i %\ld n be s5t away 9    
case ,i %\ld come1   he admitt$ me at   
once4 ,aft] f9i%+ ,compl9 9 my pres5ce1 
he   address$ me s k9dly t ,i %all      
rememb] 8 words z long z ,i   live4 ',my
 de> ,monsignor1' said he1 'y are well  
aw>e t we   receive no "o m]ely to he>  
?anksgiv+s2 & yet we h gone   aga9/ our 
usual cu/om1 not)/&+ ?is busy day1 &    
?\gh   our d9n] has j be5 s]v$ up1 9    
ord] t we may h !   pleasure ( mak+ y ! 
pres5t communication4 ,if y 7 n         
includ$ 9 ! la/ promotion1 x 0 #cha     
because we 7 oblig$   to h& ov] to ano!r
 ! po/ really de/9$ to y\rself2 & 9     
do+ s we felt z mu* aggriev$ z we are n[
 delight$ to (f]   y imm$iately ! vacant
 *>ge ( votanti di segnatura4 ,we d   x 
to %[ y ! satisfaction :i* y af=d u by  
y\r conduct1   ,we took y away f an     

adm9i/rative /ation m]ely to place y    
on high] gr\nd4'    ,! ,holy ,fa!r !n   
add$ a few words conc]n+ ! op9ion :i*   
8 k9dness1 & by no means my own m]it1   
sugge/$ to him   relatively to my future
 c>e]4 ,inde$1 ! k :i* ,i h   ( myself  
w\ld n all[ me to transcribe ^? words4  
,he !n   cont9u$ z foll[s3 ',:at we n[  
be/[ ^u y is really n   wor? mu*1 b ,i h
 no?+ else = ! pres5t4 ,take x1   h[ev]1
 z a positive pl$ge ( :at ,i am dispos$ 
to d z soon z   an opportunity (f]s4'   
,x is easy to und]/& t aft] su* a spee*1
 utt]$ 9 t   easy1 affable1 & yet       
maje/ic mann] s peculi> to ,pius ,,vi41 
,i   0 at a loss = expressions to answ] 
him4 ,i c\ld h>dly /amm]   out1 t aft] !
 language he _h j us$ ab\t my           
promotion--language %[+ t ,i _h n       
incurr$ 8 disapproval   by my conduct at
 ,san ,mi*ele--my m9d 0 q at ease z to !
   future4 ,inde$1 ,i _h no o!r ambition
 b to please him1 & to   fulfil my duty 
9 any /ation he might ?9k fit to conf]  
^u me4    ,"h ,i 0 int]rupt$4 ',i am    

satisfi$--nay1 highly   satisfi$'--said 
! ,pope1 'by y\r behavior at ,san       
,mi*ele2 b ,i   aga9 say t ,i de/9e y to
 o!r purposes4 ,:at ,i promis$   =m]ly 0
 s9c]e1 b /ill x 0 b empty words4 ,?is  
is   some?+ matt] ( fact2 n mu*1 inde$1 
b yet bett] ?an   words4 ,s don't refuse
 x2 & n[ be (f1 =1 y see1 our d9n]   is 
gett+ cold1 & we mu/ soon g back to     
*apel4'  ,x w\ld be d\btless cong5ial to
 our feel+s to dwell ^u ^! t\*+ details2
 b we are already 9 ! ye> #agij1 & !    
knell ( ! old ,fr5* mon>*y is toll+4    
,let u plunge1 !re=e1 at once 9 m$ias   
res1 & skip ov] ! eight int]v5+ ye>s    
betwe5 ! "t :i* saw ,rome invad$ by a   
revolution>y army1 ! ,pope torn f 8     
?rone1 & l$ a prison]1 fir/ to ,flor5ce1
 !n to ,val5ce1 :]e he 0 to die a m>tyr4
 ,on read+ ?is "p ( ! memoirs1 "o is    
p>ticul>ly /ruck ) ! simil>ity :i* x    
pres5ts ) ! hi/ory ( ,pi$montese        
invasion--! same hypocrisy1 ! same      
attempts at provok+ to insurrection !   
inhabitants at ,rome1 &1 ^! fail+1 !    

same rec\rse to viol5ce4 ,! accid5tal   
dea? ( ,g5]al ,duphot at la/ appe>s 9   
its true colors1 b ( c\rse x suppli$ !  
,directory ) a pret5ce = seiz+ ! ,papal 
,/ates1 an act ( spoliation x _h be5    
long prep>+4 ,footnote #gg ,?anks to !  
en]gy ( ,consalvi1 to :om _h be5 entru/$
 ! ma9t5ance ( public ord]1 previ\s to !
 entry ( ! ,fr5* troops into ! capital1 
no insurrection took place2 b = t v     
reason he 0 obnoxi\s to ! gov]nm5t ( !  
invad]s4 ,aft] ! ,pope's dep>ture he 0  
?r[n into prison1 ) ! prospect ( be+    
transport$1 toge!r ) _m ,roman          
ecclesia/ical & pontifical (fic]s1 to ! 
fatal colony ( ,cay5ne4 #chb ,to ! honor
 ( ! ,fr5* comm&] x mu/ be said1 t he   
did all 9 8 p[] to def5d ! en]getic     
prelate aga9/ 8 contemptible enemies1 & 
to alleviate 8 captivity4 ,! ,p>is      
,directory _h fir/ bani%$ him to ,civita
 ,vec*ia1 & !n alt]$ 8 de/9ation to     
,naples4 ,b ! ,roman demagogues 7       
det]m9$ ^u wreak+ _! v5geance on        
,consalvi3    ,footnote #gg3 ,z a pro( (

 ?is1 we may produce ! secret           
in/ructions =w>d$1 two mon?s & a half   
be=e ! g5]al's   dea? & ! ,roman        
insurrection1 by ! ,fr5* gov]nm5t to    
,joseph   ,bonap>te1 _! pl5ipot5ti>y at 
,rome3 ,y h two ?+s to   be> 9 m9d3 7#a7
 ,to prev5t ! ,k+ ( ,naples f com+ to   
,rome2   7#b7 ,to help1 in/ead ( oppos+1
 ! favorable dispositions (   ^? :o     
believe t x is "t = ! ,papal dom9ion to 
come to   an end4 ,9 %ort1 y mu/        
enc\rage ! impulse t[>d fre$om by   :i* 
! p ( ,rome seems to be animat$4        
,in/ructions l   ^! 7obs]ves1 v ju/ly1  
,m4 ,cret9eau-,joly7 c\ld h no o!r      
object b to lay a diplomatical sn>e1 or 
to provoke an   insurrection4 ,! fact is
 s cle> t ,cacault1 :o succe$$ to       
,joseph ,bonap>te at ,rome1 wrote 9     
#ahja to ! ,fir/ ,consul--,y   "k1 q z  
well z ,i d1 ! details ( ?is melan*oly  
ev5t4   ,nobody 9 ,rome ord]$ ei!r to   
fire or to kill any "o4 ,g5]al   ,duphot
 0 imprud5t2 nay1 m--let u out ) !      
^w--he 0   guilty4 ,!re is a law (      

nations at ,rome n a :it less ?an       
else:]e4 ,! admission does cr$it to !   
hone/ man :o   contribut$ s l>gely to   
br+ ab\t ! concordat ( #ahja4   ,i _h   
be5 deta9$ 7says he7 ab\t f\r or five & 
tw5ty days1 :5 ,i 0 visit$ 9 my prison  
by my de> bro!r ,&rea1 z well z by my   
two fri5ds1 ! ,pr9ces ,*igi & ,teano4   
,?is piece ( good =tune ,i ow$ to ! k9d 
comm&] ( ! =tress4 ,!y in=m$ me t !y 7  
be>]s ( bo? good & bad news4 ,i 0 at la/
 to be transport$1 n1 inde$1 to         
,tuscany1 b to ,naples1 s t ,i might n  
jo9 ! ,pope4 ,at ! same "t1 x _h be5    
orda9$ t ,i 0 to ride ?r\gh ! /reets ( !
 city m\nt$ on an ass1 escort$ by       
policem51 & la%$ all along ) a horse:ip4
 ,_m a w9d[ "u :i* ,i 0 to pass by 0    
already hir$2 & our ,jacob9s1 z well z !
 wives ( our consuls1 promis$ !mselves  
mu* pleasure at ! sight ( ?is execution4
 ,my fri5ds 7 q amaz$ at my indiff]5ce  
on receiv+ ?is la/ piece ( news1 :i*1   
inde$1 caus$ me b little pa92 = ,i      
really consid]$ x r z a s\rce ( triumph 

& glory4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,i 0 deeply vex$
 at n be+ able to proce$ to ,tuscany1   
:]e ,i 0 s desir\s ( meet+ ! ,pope4  ,! 
humanity ( ! ,fr5* g5]al prev5t$ !      
,roman demagogues f c>ry+ into execution
 ! latt] "p ( ! s5t5ce2 b he rema9$     
inflexible z to ,consalvi's removal to  
,naples4 ,! latt] _h1 !re=e1 b to obey2 
& />t$ = 8 de/9ation1 9 company ) a b& (
 eighte5 convicts1 & sev]al political   
prison]s l himself4 ,aft] _m            
difficulties1 aris+ out ( ,acton's      
tortu\s policy1 he succe$$ at l5g? 9    
rea*+ ,leghorn1 :]e he _h to enc\nt]    
ob/acles ( a diff]5t nature4 ,8 v fir/  
/ep 0 to proce$ to ,flor5ce1 9 hopes t !
 ,duke ( ,tuscany w\ld facilitate 8     
access to ! captive ,pontiff1 :o 0      
deta9$ 9 a neighbor+ ,c>?usian mona/]y4 
,b ! jeal\s wat*fulness ( ! ,fr5*       
pl5ipot5ti>y /ruck t]ror into ! he>t ( !
 ,tuscan m9i/]1 :o p]emptorily refus$ to
 h any?+ to d ) ! matt]4 ,consalvi 0 n1 
h[ev]1 to be daunt$ :5 on ! pa? ( duty2 
he consequ5tly set out on foot = !      

,*>treuse1 situat$ at ab\t ?ree miles f 
,flor5ce1 & contriv$ 8 visit s secretly 
t he baffl$ detection4 ,on approa*+ !   
foot ( ! hill1 ! fai?ful s]vant c\ld    
h>dly repress 8 emotions4 ,b let u he>  
him 9 8 own words3    ,e /ep :i* br\ght 
me ne>] to ! ,holy ,fa!r increas$ !     
/rong feel+s t well$ up f my s\l4 ,!    
pov]ty &   solitude ( ! place1 ! sight (
 ! two or ?ree un=tunates   :o att5d$   
him1 br\ght te>s to my eyes4 ,at la/ ,i 
0 introduc$   into 8 pres5ce4 ,o ,god6  
:at 7 my emotions at t mom5t2 my   he>t 
?robb$ almo/ to break+6    ,pius ,,vi4 0
 seat$ be=e a table1 a po/ure :i*       
conceal$ 8   weakness1 = he _h almo/ lo/
 ! use ( 8 legs1 & he c\ld   n move )\t 
! help ( two /rong m54 ,! beauty &      
maje/y   ( 8 features 7 /ill ! same z at
 ,rome2 he /ill inspir$ a   deep        
v5]ation & a mo/ ard5t atta*m5t4 ,i fell
 pro/rate at   8 feet1 :i* ,i ba!d ) my 
te>s2 ,i told him ! difficulties   ,i _h
 to enc\nt]1 & h[ ard5tly ,i desir$ to  
rema9 ) him1   9 ord] to s]ve him1 assi/

 him--9 fact1 %>e 8 fate4 ,i   promis$ n
 to sp>e any ef=t = ! fur!rance ( ?is   
object4  ,a full h\r quickly fl$ 9 ?us  
commun+ ) ea* o!r1 & ,consalvi 0 oblig$ 
to take 8 leave4 ,! ag$ ,pope =esaw t   
?is prop ( #chc 8 decl9+ & m>tyr$ life  
w\ld n be all[$ him2 b /ill he clung    
fondly to ! idea1 & :5 8 fai?ful adh]5t1
 on a second & la/ visit1 admitt$ t he  
_h fail$ 9 e endeavor to ga9 8 end1 & _h
 ev5 be5 ord]$ out ( ! c\ntry1 ,pius    
ev9c$ a /rong feel+ ( regret1 ?\gh no   
surprise4 ,?is f>ewell visit is relat$ 9
 t]ms no less t\*+ ?an ! =m]3    ,dur+  
?is audi5ce1 :i* la/$ also a full h\r1  
he be/[$   ^u me ! greate/ m>ks (       
k9dness1 exhort+ me successively to     
practise resignation1 wisdom1 & ^? acts 
( firmness ( :i*   8 own life & 8 :ole  
demeanor set su* a f9e example4 ,he     
appe>$ to me q z great1 & ev5 f> great]1
 ?an :5 he   reign$ at ,rome4 ,i bes\ght
 him to give me 8 bless+4 ,he laid 8    
h&s on my head1 &1 l ! mo/ v5]able among
 ! patri>*s   ( old1 rais+ 8 eyes t[>d  

heav51 he pray$ unto ! ,"l1 &   bless$  
me1 ) an attitude s resign$1 s augu/1 s 
holy1 s   full ( real t5d]ness1 t to !  
la/ day ( my life !   remembrance w     
rema9 grav5 on my he>t 9 indelible      
*>act]s4    ,:5 ,i retir$1 my eyes 7    
swimm+ ) te>s2 ,i 0 beside   myself )   
grief2 & yet ,i felt bo? enc\rag$ &     
re-assur$ by   ! inexpressible calmness 
( my sov]eign1 & ! sweet s]5ity   ( 8   
features4 ,x 0 inde$ ! greatness ( a    
good man   /ruggl+ aga9/ mis=tune4      
,f\r-&-tw5ty h\rs aft]w>d1 ,consalvi 0  
oblig$ to leave ,flor5ce = ,v5ice2 !    
,pope 0 hurri$ ?r\gh ,alp9e sn[s to     
,val5ce1 9 ,dauph9e1 :]e he di$ ( 8     
suff]+s on ! #bi? ( ,augu/1 #agii4  ,&  
:at a "t = ! election ( a new pope6     
,italy ov]run by ! ,fr5* revolution>y   
armies1 ,rome 9 _! possession1 & rul$ by
 a horde ( inc5di>y demagogues2 !       
,russians1 head$ by ,suw>[1 p\r+ into ! 
,p59sula to oppose ! ,fr5*2 :il/        
,au/ria1 gov]n$ by a ,?ugut1 0 wat*+ h] 
opportunity to get hold ( ! new         

,pope--if !re %\ld be a ,pope--& make   
him ! pliant tool ( h] ambition4 ,nor   
let u =get t ,bonap>te 0 on 8 way back f
 ,egypt1 prep>+ to swoop d[n1 eagle-l1  
on ^? v ,au/rian possessions :]e9 !     
conclave 0 to meet4 ,& yet ! conclave   
did meet at ,v5ice1 on an isl& ( t fam\s
 republic1 :i* _h s (t5 defi$ ! bans &  
int]dicts ( ! ,roman pontiffs2--!       
c>d9als hurri$ f _! neighbor+ cities or 
secret abodes1 ?\gh ) views & int5tions 
n p]haps exactly 9 accordance ) !       
solemnity & urg5cy ( ! occasion4 ,x is1 
inde$1 a curi\s picture ( human         
passions1 ?\gh bl5d$ ) high] motives &  
purposes1--t tru?ful memoir drawn up by 
,consalvi on ! conclave ( #ahjj1 :]e9 he
 0 unanim\sly elect$ secret>y to !      
assembly4 ,! election la/$ m ?an ?ree   
long mon?s1 on acc\nt ( ! two cont5d+   
factions1 head$ by ,c>d9al ,h]zan1 on ! 
"p ( ,au/ria1 & by ! celebrat$ ,maury1  
!n ,bi%op ( ,montefiascone 9 ! ,papal   
,/ates4 ,consalvi1 not)/&+ 8 wont$      
mod]ation1 boldly proclaims ^! divisions

 to h be5 sc&al\s 9 su* circum/ances1 & 
animadv]ts sev]ely on ! intrigues ( !   
imp]ial c\rt4 ,& yet he _c help obs]v+  
t1 on su* occasions1 ! ,sacr$ ,college  
seem l$ on1 little by little1 z x 71 by 
"s high] p[]1 to sacrifice _! own       
private views & int]e/s to ! common weal
 ( ,*ri/5dom4 ,s x 01 inde$1 9 ! pres5t 
juncture1 ?anks to ! extraord9>y        
ability1 to ! self-r5\ncem5t1 prud5ce1 &
 true ,ca?olic _s display$ ?r\gh\t by ! 
y\?ful secret>y4 ,! votes 7 gradually   
won ov] to ,c>d9al ,*i>amonti1 s well   
kn[n aft]w>d by ! "n ( ,pius ,,vii4     
,consalvi _h truly display$ a ma/]-m9d2 
& ! new pontiff imm$iately %[$ h[ highly
 he appreciat$ 8 m]it1 by appo9t+ him   
,secret>y ( ,/ate4 ,we c easily believe 
! surprise & #chd al>m ( ! new m9i/]2 = 
d\btless 8 0 no easy task4 ,! ,au/rians 
possess$ ne>ly all ! ,papal ,/ates1 :il/
 ! ,k+ ( ,naples held ,rome itself4 ,!  
c\rt ( ,vi5na1 int5t ^u keep+ at lea/ ! 
?ree legations1 :i* _h rec5tly be5 wre/$
 f ! ,fr5*1 (f]$ at ! same "t to re/ore 

to ! ,pope ! rema9+ p>ts ( 8 dom9ions4  
,to su* a proposal ! latt] c\ld b oppose
 a flat d5ial1 accompani$ by a firm     
resolution to return to ,rome )\t delay4
 ,! imp]ial negotiator1 ,ghisli]i1 !n   
r$uc$ 8 dem&s to ! two legations (      
,bologna & ,f]r>a2 b he met ) no bett]  
success4 ,! spoliation ( ! ,holy ,see1 z
 ! read] may n[ p]ceive1 is aft] all an 
old /ory4 ,! ,pope1 inde$1 w5t s f> z to
 write to ! emp]or a lett]1 9 :i* he    
=mally dem&$ ! re/itution ( all 8       
prov9ces4 ,no notice :atsoev] 0 tak5 ( !
 ,papal missive4 ,at la/1 utt]ly worn   
out by ,au/rian duplicity1 ,pius "o day 
address$ ,ghisli]i 9 ! foll[+ t]ms3     
,s9ce ! emp]or refuses ob/9ately a      
re/itution1 :i* bo? religion & equity   
require1 ,i really d n see :at new      
argum5t ,i c produce to conv9ce him4    
,let 8 maje/y take c>e1 h[ev]1 n to lay 
by 9 8 w>drobe any clo!s belong+1 n to  
himself1 b to ! ,*ur*4 ,= n only w 8    
maje/y be unable to we> !m1 b mo/       
probably !y w pe/] ) ! grub 8 own       

h]$it>y dom9ions1 :i* may be worm-eat5 9
 a %ort "t4  ,! ,m>quess ,ghisli]i      
hurri$ out ( ! ,papal pres5ce 9 a rage1 
:i* f\nd v5t :5 he met ,consalvi4 ,! new
 ,pope1 he exclaim$1 has h>dly donn$ 8  
own clo!s2 he is n yet accu/om$ to 8 own
 craft1 & he talks ( ! ,au/rian w>drobe 
be+ worm-eat56 ,he kn[s b little ( our  
p[]2 x w\ld require ?\s&s ( mo?s to     
nibble x to du/4 ,two mon?s aft]1 !     
battle ( ,m>5go _h be5 f\ght & won3 !   
legations1 ,lomb>dy1 ,v5etia1 ! h]$it>y 
,g]man /ates1 ! capital itself1 _h fall5
 a prey to ! ,corsican conqu]or6 ,pius  
,,vii4 _h sc>cely set 8 foot on ! %ore (
 8 own dom9ions :5 ! news ( ! fam\s     
defeat arriv$3 ,ah6 exclaim$ ,ghisli]i1 
a religi\s man1 aft] all1 ,i n[ see     
fulfill$ ! ,pope's pr$iction3 our       
w>drobe has truly be5 worm-eat5 to      
tatt]s4  ,pius ,,vii4 _h b j return$ to 
,rome1 9 ! mid/ ( a delight$ & grateful 
population1 :5 he receiv$ ! a/\nd+ news 
t ! conqu]or ( ! ,au/rians 0 desir\s (  
negotiat+ ) ! ,holy ,see = ! re/oration 

( religion 9 ,france4 ,:il/ at ,v]celli1
 ,bonap>te _h met ) ,c>d9al ,m>t9iana1  
:o 0 return+ f ! conclave at ,v5ice2 &  
he express$ himself s cle>ly1 s po9t$ly1
 z to 8 future plans1 t bo? ,consalvi & 
! ,pope 7 tak5 by surprise4 ,_!         
approbation 0 imm$iately giv51 & ! ,pope
 himself wrote to ,m>t9iana3 ,y may tell
 ! ,fir/ ,consul t we w readily ent]    
into a negotiation t5d+ to an object s  
truly honorable1 s cong5ial to our      
apo/olical adm9i/ration1 & s ?or\ghly   
con=mable to our own views4  ,! hi/ory (
 ?is celebrat$ treaty1 on :i* s mu*     
hangs 9 ,france ev5 9 our own "t1 has   
be5 (t5 relat$1 & yet _m a detail ( !   
intricate negotiations :i* prec$$ its   
conclusion _h rema9$ secret until !     
publication ( ! pres5t memoirs4 ,?ree   
p]sonages /& out 9 /rong relief on t    
occasion1 ea* ) 8 individual "*3        
,cacault1 ! ,fr5* ambassador at ,rome1  
,bonap>te1 & ,consalvi himself4 ,( !    
second1 little ne$ be said2 b ,m4       
,cacault is1 we believe1 h>dly kn[n 9   

,engl&4 ,he 0 a ,breton by bir?1 &1 z   
su*1 _h imbib$ ^? religi\s feel+s :i*   
/amp s /rongly ! mo/ we/]n prov9ce (    
,france4 ,z a republican repres5tative (
 ! ,directory1 he did all 9 8 p[] to    
av]t f ! ,papal ,see ^? evils & t       
invasion :i* #che end$ 9 ! captivity (  
,pius ,,vi4 ,:5 ,napoleon's /> 0 9 !    
asc5dant1 ,m4 ,cacault quickly discov]$ 
! dep? & ext5t ( 8 g5ius1 & !nce=w>d    
abett$ 8 plans4 ,at ! same "t1 he 0 by  
no means a flatt]]1 b ev] pla9-spok5 to 
bluntness4 ,a "t came1 inde$1 :5 !      
greate/ conqu]or ( mod]n times f\nd !   
noble-he>t$ ,breton r too s9c]e1 &      
consign$ him to ! peaceful life ( a seat
 9 8 new-fangl$ s5ate4 ,b t day 0 yet to
 come4 ,9 #ahja1 ,m4 ,cacault enjoy$ !  
:ole confid5ce ( ! ,fir/ ,consul4  ,on  
leav+ ,bonap>te1 ! ambassador he>d him  
utt] ^? fam\s words1 :i* h be5 s (t5    
quot$3 ,m9d y treat ! ,pope z if he _h  
#bjj1jjj m5 at 8 back4 ,rememb]1 also1 t
 9 ,octob]1 #agif1 ,i wrote to y h[ mu* 
,i wi%$ to save ! ,holy ,see1 n to      

ov]?r[ x1 & t bo? y & ,i ent]ta9$ ! same
 feel+s 9 ?is respect4 ,) cr$5tials l   
^!1 ,m4 ,cacault %\ld h f\nd x an easy  
matt] to negotiate ) ,rome2 b1 s+ul>ly  
en\gh1 ! cons]vative gov]nm5t ( ,au/ria 
?rew _m an ob/acle 9 ! way4 ,! v idea ( 
a reconciliation betwe5 revolution>y    
,france & ! ,papacy seems to h disquiet$
 ,m4 de ,?ugut1 & he did all 9 8 p[] to 
bre$ a feel+ ( di/ru/1 on ! "p ( ,rome  
at lea/4 ,! c\rt ( ,naples 0 animat$ by 
! same policy2 & ev5 ,bonap>te himself1 
at "o "t1 appe>$ to wav] betwe5 !       
impulse ( 8 own good s5se & ! sugge/ions
 ( 8 infidel advis]s4 ,9 ! eyes ( ,m4   
,cacault1 ! ,pope /ood too mu* on       
!ological t5ets & op9ions1 :5 deal+ ) a 
victori\s adv5tur]4 ,at any rate1 matt]s
 soon grew f bad to worse4 ,9 a fit (   
impati5ce1 ! consul ord]$ 8 ambassador  
to leave ,rome 9 five days1 if !        
concordat s5t f ,p>is 0 n sign$ at !    
expiration ( t %ort "t4  ,at ?is        
critical juncture1 ! ,breton came to a  
det]m9ation s truly *>act]i/ic ( ! man1 

t we mu/ all[ him to speak = himself4   
,we borr[ ! foll[+ n>rative f 8         
secret>y1 ,m4 ,artaud3  ,we are b\nd to 
obey our gov]nm5t1 said he1 address+    
himself to me2 b !n a gov]nm5t mu/ be   
guid$ by a head capable ( und]/&+       
negotiations1 by m9i/]s capable ( advis+
 him prop]ly1 & la/ly1 all mu/ agree    
toge!r4 ,e gov]nm5t ought to h a plan1 a
 w1 an aim ( its own4 ,b ?is is no easy 
matt] ) a new gov]nm5t4 ,n[1 ?\gh 9 a   
second>y /ation1 ,i am really ma/] ( ?is
 bus9ess2 b if we g on 9 ,rome z !y are 
go+ on 9 ,p>is1 no?+ c come out ( x b a 
sort ( *aos4 4444 ,x is fully und]/ood t
 ! head ( ! /ate wi%$ = a concordat2 he 
wi%$ = x s f> back z ,tol5t9o1 & ev5    
be=e1 :5 he call$ himself ! be/ fri5d ( 
! ,pope4444 ,9 fact1 he has s5t me "h to
 negotiate a concordat1 & = t purpose   
has giv5 me 9 y\rself ! prop ,i myself  
desir$4 ,b !n 8 m9i/]s probably don't   
wi% = a concordat1 & !y h con/ant access
 to 8 e>4 ,n[ ! "* mo/ easy to irritate 
& to deceive1 is t ( a w>rior1 :o z yet 

und]/&s no?+ ab\t politics1 & is ev]    
return+ to milit>y ord]s & to !         
sword4444 ,%all we1 l two fools1 leave  
,rome 9 ?is way because ! despat* ord]s 
u to d s1 & give up ,france to          
irreligiosity--a ^w no less b>b>\s ?an !
 ?+ itself8 ,%all we leave h] to a sort 
( spuri\s ,ca?olicism1 or t hybrid sy/em
 :i* advises ! e/abli%m5t ( a patri>*8  
,god kn[s1 !n1 t ! future de/9ies ( !   
,fir/ ,consul w probably nev] be        
fulfill$4444  ,i am fond ( ,bonap>te1   
fond ( ! g5]al2 b ?is pat*-"w "n ( a    
,fir/ ,consul is 9 itself ridicul\s2 he 
borr[$ x f ,rome1 :]e he has nev] set 8 
foot4 ,b 9 my eyes he is /ill no?+ m ?an
 an #chf ,italian g5]al4 ,z = ! fate (  
?is t]rible g5]al1 x is n[ 9 my h&s m   
?an 9 8 own2 he is turn+ into a sort (  
,h5ry ! ,eigh?1 flatt]+ & sc>+ ! ,holy  
,see by turns2 b h[ _m s\rces ( true    
glory w be dri$ up = him1 if he m]ely   
mimics ,h5ry ! ,eigh?6 ,! measure is    
full2 nations n[-a-days w n all[ _!     
rul]s to dispose ( !m 9 reg>d to        

religi\s matt]s4 ,) concordats1 on !    
contr>y1 miracles may be wr\ght1 m      
especially by him1 or if n by him1      
suppos+ him to be unwise1 by ,france    
h]self4 ,be sure1 my de> sir1 t great   
de$s br\ght ab\t at ! prop] mom5t1 &    
be>+ fruitful results1 no matt] by :at  
g5ius !y are accompli%$1 are a weal?y   
d[ry = any c\ntry4 ,9 case (            
emb>rassm5ts1 t c\ntry may w>d (f _m an 
attack by po9t+ to its hi/ory4 ,france1 
) all h] faults1 requires true gr&eur4  
,our consul jeop>dizes all by ?is       
pi/ol-%ot fir$ 9 "t ( peace1 m]ely = !  
sake ( pleas+ 8 g5]als :om he loves1 b  
^: soldi]like jokes he fe>s1 because he 
himself n[ & !n gives way to !m4 ,he ?us
 breaks (f a negotiation :i* he wi%es to
 succe$1 & goes on ca/+ rott5 se$4 ,:at 
c really be a religi\s concordat1 t mo/ 
solemn ( all human und]tak+s1 if x is to
 be sign$ 9 five days8 ,x rem9ds "o ( ! 
twelve h\rs grant$ by a g5]al to a      
besieg$ t[n1 :i* c hope = no succor4  ,!
 result ( ! above conv]sation on ! "p ( 

,m4 ,cacault 0 a det]m9ation to quit    
,rome1 b to leave 8 secret>y 9 t city1  
:il/ ,consalvi himself 0 to set out     
imm$iately = ,p>is1 z ! only means (    
prev5t+ a positive rupture betwe5 ! two 
c\rts1 = ,bonap>te _h already bo? a c\rt
 & c\rti]s4 ,! ,fr5* m9i/] 0 by no means
 bl9d to ! consequ5ces ( 8 boldness 9   
und]tak+ to correct ! false /eps ( 8 own
 gov]nm5t2 b1 to 8 cr$it be x said1 !   
fe> ( ^? consequ5ces did n make him     
sw]ve "o m9ute f 8 purpose4 ,8 v fir/   
/ep 01 !re=e1 to reque/ an int]view )   
,consalvi1 & an audi5ce f ! ,pope4 ,on  
meet+ ! c>d9al1 he began by read+ 9     
ext5so ! angry despat* :i* he _h        
receiv$1 n ev5 omitt+ ! epi!ts turbul5t 
& guilty prie/ :i* ! ,consul appli$ to 8
 em95ce4 ,m4 ,cacault !n resum$ z       
foll[s3    ,!re mu/ be "s misund]/&+2 ! 
,fir/ ,consul is   unacqua9t$ ) y\r     
p]son1 & /ill m ) y\r tal5ts1   y\r     
ability1 y\r prec$5ts1 y\r adroitness1 &
 y\r anxiety to   t]m9ate ?is bus9ess4  
,s y mu/ />t = ,p>is4 ,:58   ,to-morr[3 

y w please him2 y are fit to und]/& ea* 
o!r2 he w !n le>n to "k a /atesmanlike  
c>d9al1 & y   w draw up ! concordat     
toge!r4 ,b if y don't g to ,p>is1 ,i    
%all be oblig$ to break (f all int]c\rse
 ) y2 & !re   are yond] c]ta9 m9i/]s1 :o
 advis$ ! ,directory to transport       
,pius ,,vi4 to ,guyana4444    ,i aga9   
repeat x1 y mu/ g to ,p>is1 y w draw up 
!   concordat y\rself--nay m1 y w       
dictate a "p ( x1   obta9+ at ! same "t 
f> bett] conditions ?an ,i c\ld ev]   d1
 fett]$ z ,i am by s _m %ackles4444 ,"o 
^w m3 ,9 a   place l ?is1 :]e !re is s  
mu* gossipp+1 ,i c't all[   y to be>    
alone ! responsibility ( ?is action4 ,i 
consid] x   z some?+ truly gr&2 b z x   
may turn out a false /ep1   to-morr[ ,i 
mu/ see ! ,pope1 & take ! :ole ^u my    
%\ld]s4   ,i %all n bore ! ,pope1 hav+ b
 a few words to tell him1 9   ord] to   
fulfil ! ,consul's =m] in/ructions4     
,consalvi1 fir$ at ! boldness ( ! plan1 
hurri$ to ! ,pope1 r to prep>e him = ?is
 un=ese5 sep>ation ?an to ask =         

p]mission4 ,:51 on ! o!r h&1 ! ,fr5*    
diplomati/ 0 admitt$ to 8 pres5ce1 #chg 
he %[$ s mu* c&or1 su* a true _s (      
,*ri/ian feel+1 su* a total =getfulness 
( self1 t ! pontiff c\ld n refra9 f %$d+
 te>s1 & end$ by break+ out into ^!     
words3 ,inde$1 inde$1 y are a true      
fri5d1 & we love y z we lov$ our own "m4
 ,at ?is v mom5t1 we w retire to our    
oratory1 9 ord] to implore ,god's bless+
 on ?is j\rney1 z well z = ! successful 
issue ( an und]tak+1 :i* may af=d u "s  
consolation 9 ! mid/ ( s mu* affliction4
  ,x 0 inde$ a b]eavem5t = ! ,pope1 :o1 
hav+ h>dly asc5d$ ! ?rone1 0 accu/om$ to
 consid] ,consalvi z 8 ma9 prop & "r h& 
9 e affair ( any importance4 ,he1 h[ev]1
 readily cons5t$ to ! sep>ation1 & on ! 
foll[+ day ! c>d9al left ,rome1         
accompani$ by ,m4 ,cacault1 9 an op5    
c>riage1 to %[ ! gossipp+ ,romans t no  
real coolness exi/$ betwe5 ! two        
gov]nm5ts4 ,?is1 9 fact1 /r5g!n$ ! h&s (
 ! ,papal adm9i/ration1 z reports 7     
already rife t a ,fr5* army 0 ab\t to   

m>* once m into ,rome1 ) a view ( re/or+
 ! republic4  ,at ! di/ance ( m ?an half
 a c5tury ,consalvi's det]m9ation       
sc>cely seems an act ( d>+2 b1 at t     
p]iod1 x 0 consid]$ 9 a diff]5t light4  
,we mu/ rememb] t ,france _h be5 = t5   
long ye>s ! sc5e ( an>*y & blood%$ )91  
:ile %e _h prov$ ! t]ror ( ,europe on ! 
field ( battle4 ,%e 0 b j em]g+ f t     
an>*y1 ?anks to ! iron grasp ( a =tunate
 soldi]1 :o might yet1 = aught ! _w     
knew1 turn out to be a bloody tyrant q z
 well z a sagaci\s rul]4 ,= a prie/1 &  
/ill m = a c>d9al1 to v5ture alone ( 8  
own accord into ! lair ( ^? bea/s (     
prey1 z !y 7 !n t]m$1 c]ta9ly %[$ an    
extraord9>y degree ( moral c\rage1 h[ev]
 ,m4 ,?i]s may taunt ,consalvi ) 8 fe>s4
 ,^? fe>s ! ,papal m9i/] did really     
ent]ta91 z is prov$ by a few unw>y l9es 
:i* he address$ be=e 8 dep>ture to      
,acton at ,naples1 & :i* 7 betray$ to   
,bonap>te 9 ,p>is4 ,b !n ! c>d9al1      
prompt$ by a /rong feel+ ( duty1 ov]came
 ^! appreh5sions1 :i* is m p]haps ?an   

,m4 ,?i]s w\ld v\* to h done on a simil>
 occasion1 if we may judge f ! infidel  
_s & intrigu+ disposition t are         
conspicu\s alike ?r\gh\t 8 own c>e] &   
writ+s4 ,success1 n pr9ciple1 ev] appe>s
 to be 8 lead+ />4  ,once 9 ,p>is1      
,consalvi 0 n long 9 conqu]+ t position 
:i* ! ke5ness ( 8 fri5d ,cacault =esaw t
 he 0 de/9$ to assume4 ,bonap>te approv$
 9 e respect ! conduct ( 8 ambassador at
 ,rome1 appe>$ ev5 flatt]$ at be+ fe>$1 
at fir/ receiv$ ! c>d9al ) affect$      
coolness1 b little by little yield$ to  
bett] feel+s1 & end$ by turn+ into      
ridicule t fool ,acton1 :o ?\ght t he   
c\ld /op ! ru% ( a torr5t ) cobwebs4 ,to
 ^! fri5dly dispositions soon succe$$ on
 bo? sides a s9c]e confid5ce1 & on "o   
occasion ! ,fir/ ,consul laugh+ly       
inquir$ ( ,consalvi :e!r he 0 n consid]$
 z a prie/-eat] 9 ,italy2 & !n sudd5ly  
laun*$ into "o ( ^? spl5did expositions 
( 8 future plans1 by :i* he endeavor$ to
 fasc9ate & *>m ^? he aim$ at w9n+ ov]  
to 8 own views4 ,9 ?is sp>kl+           

conv]sation ! concordat held a =emo/    
place4 ,napoleon develop$1 j z he       
pleas$1 op9ions half ,prote/ant1 half   
,jans5i/--9 o!r words1 exactly :at he   
want$ ! concordat to be1 & exactly :at  
,consalvi c\ld n all[4 ,! conte/ betwe5 
^? two rival spirits may well deta9 u a 
few mom5ts long]4 ,& :y n say at once t 
by degrees ! ma/]-g5ius ( ! age 0 oblig$
 to modify 8 own views1 yield+1 nol5s   
vol5s1 z he himself admitt$1 to !       
graceful be>+ & s\nd good s5se ( ! man  
^: c\ntrym5 _h nam$ him ! ,roman ,syr58 
#chh  ,we may ga!r f ,m4 ,?i]s' "w t    
,consalvi _h und]tak5 a mo/ ardu\s task4
 ,p>is itself mu/ h (f]$ a /range sight 
to a ,roman c>d9al 9 ! v fir/ ye> ( !   
pres5t c5tury4 ,! *ur*es 7 /ill %ut1 &  
bore ^u _! por*es su* inscriptions z    
savor$ m ( hea!nism ?an ( ,*ri/ianity4  
,:]ev] ! legate's eye fell he 0 sure to 
meet ) a temple ( pl5ty1 ( frat]nity1 ( 
lib]ty1 ( trade1 ( abundance1 & s =?4 ,&
 !n :5 he w5t to c\rt he f\nd a rul]    
dispos$ to break out into ! mo/ viol5t  

fits ( ang] if 8 w 0 disput$1 :il/ on e 
h& he _h to enc\nt] a ho/ ( sc(f]s &    
infidels1 belong+ to e hue & grade4 ,!  
army1 ! b5*1 ! s*ools1 ! savants1 & ! v 
cl]gy1 all vi$ 9 %[+ (f ,rome z ! hotb$ 
( an obsolete sup]/ition :i* x 0 high "t
 to d away ) altoge!r4 ,& :5 we m5tion !
 cl]gy1 we mean ! rema9s ( t s*ismatic  
body :i* _h hail$ ! civil con/itution s 
=mally condemn$ by ! ,holy ,see 9 #agia4
 ,!y 7 active1 intrigu+1 influ5tial1 &  
_h ! e> ( ,bonap>te himself4 ,he 0 int5t
 ^u di/ribut+ among !m a portion ( ! new
 sees ab\t to be erect$1 & x requir$ all
 ! firmness ( ,consalvi to w>d (f ?is   
imp5d+ dang]4 ,if we may believe ,m4    
,?i]s1 _m among !m 7 by no means (      
dissolute lives2 yet he _c disguise !   
fact t !y 7 ambiti\s1 s]vile1 & dispos$ 
to b5d to e caprice ( ! rul+ p[]4 ,b t  
p[] 0 fully aw>e t ! ,fr5* population _h
 no confid5ce :atev] 9 _! m9i/rations2 !
 non-jurors1 or prie/s :o _h unfl9*+ly  
rema9$ fai?ful to _! duty1 71 on !      
contr>y1 s\ght out & held 9 high e/eem4 

,9 ?is /range society ! functions (     
,ca?olicism & ! rites ( our religion 7  
op5ly resum$ by believ]s1 :o att5d$ !m 9
 back /reets1 9 by-ways1 9 d>k w>eh\ses1
 :i!r "s ag$ prie/ repair$ at dawn1 aft]
 escap+ b %ortly be=e f ! dungeons ( !  
,directory or ! scaffolds ( !           
,revolution>y ,committee4 ,! writ] ( ^! 
l9es has kn[n m ?an "o man :o 0 baptiz$ 
at t p]iod 9 a mis]able g>ret by "s     
ecclesia/ic disguis$ z a common labor]1 
be=e ! eyes ( 8 p>5ts1 ?\gh )\t any     
sponsors1 = fe> ( detection4 ,t su* m5  
%\ld turn r\nd 9 ! /reets ( ,p>is & />e 
) wond] at ! sight ( a c>d9al publicly  
mak+ = ! ,tuil]ies 9 "o ( ! ,consul's   
c>riages is by no means surpris+2 b !   
fact increases our admiration = ! two   
em95t /atesm5 :o bo? ca/ su* a firm     
glance into ! dep?s ( futurity4         
,consalvi _h only be5 a few h\rs 9 ,p>is
 :5 he 0 summon$ be=e ! ,fir/ ,consul1  
:o s5t him ^w t he 0 to %[ (f z mu* ( a 
c>d9al z possible4 ,! able diplomati/ 01
 h[ev]1 n 9 ! lea/ dispos$ to %[ (f1 &  

cont5t$ himself ) we>+ ! indisp5sable   
insignia ( 8 dignity4 ,x w be well to   
rememb] t1 at ! "t we are speak+ (1 no  
prie/ w\ld h v5tur$ to put on ! cl]ical 
co/ume 9 ! ,fr5* capital4 ,?is fir/     
audi5ce took place 9 public1 9 ! mid/ ( 
all ! high function>ies ( ! /ate4 ,on ! 
c>d9al approa*+1 ,bonap>te rose & said  
abruptly3 ,i am aw>e ( ! object ( y\r   
j\rney to ,france4 ,my w is1 t !        
conf]5ces %all beg9 imm$iately4 ,i give 
y five days = ! purpose1 & tell y be=eh&
 t1 if on ! fif? day ! negotiations h n 
come to a conclusion1 y may return to   
,rome2 =1 )9 my own m9d1 ,i h come to a 
det]m9ation %\ld su* an ev5t take place4
  ,by s5d+ 8 prime m9i/] to ,p>is       
7repli$ coolly ! c>d9al7 ,8 ,hol9ess    
proves at any rate ! int]e/ he takes 9 !
 conclusion ( a concordat ) ! ,fr5*     
gov]nm5t1 & ,i fully hope to t]m9ate ?is
 bus9ess 9 ! "t y h m>k$4 #chi ,app>5tly
 satisfi$ ) ?is answ]1 ,bonap>te        
imm$iately broke =? into "o ( ^? eloqu5t
 displays = :i* he 0 rem>kable--!       

concordat1 ! ,holy ,see1 ! int]e/s (    
religion1 ! articles :i* _h be5 reject$ 
by ! ,pope1 all became1 on 8 "p1 !      
subject ( a mo/ vehem5t & exhau/ive     
spee*1 :i* 0 sil5tly li/5$ to by !      
surr\nd+ audi5ce4  ,"o ( ! mo/ amus+ &  
almo/ ludicr\s in/ances ( ! ,consul's   
ignorance 9 reg>d to religi\s matt]s    
took place on ?is occasion4 ,he bore a  
bitt] hatr$ to ! ,jesuits1 & 0 con/antly
 h>p+ on ! subject4 ,i am q a/\nd$ &    
sc&aliz$ 7said he all ( a sudd57 t !    
,pope %\ld be alli$ to a non-,ca?olic   
p[] l ,russia1 z is evid5t by !         
re/oration ( ! ,jesuits 9 t c\ntry4 ,su*
 a union ought surely to w\nd & irritate
 a ,ca?olic sov]eign1 s9ce x contributes
 to please a s*ismatical mon>*4  ,i mu/ 
answ] c&idly 7resum$ ! c>d9al7 t y\r    
in=mations are incorrect on ?is matt]4  
,d\btless ! ,pope has deem$ x advisable 
n to refuse ! reque/ ( ! ,russian emp]or
 = ! re/oration ( ! ,jesuits 9 8 own    
/ates1 b1 at ! same "t1 ,8 ,hol9ess has 
%[n no less fa!rly affection & def]5ce =

 ! ,k+ ( ,spa91 s9ce an int]val ( sev]al
 mon?s has elaps$ betwe5 ,paul's reque/ 
& ! bull1 :i* 0 n s5t be=e ! c\rt (     
,spa9 _h expressly /at$ t x w\ld 9 no   
way compla9 ( ! act4  ,:5 ,bonap>te _h  
fix$ su* a %ort t]m = ! conclusion ( !  
concordat1 he fully int5d$ t n a s+le   
jot ( 8 own plan %\ld be reject$ by     
,rome4 ,t plan1 z we h already obs]v$1 0
 half s*ismatic1 & w\ld h b\nd ov] !    
,fr5* ,*ur* to ! supreme w & p[] ( !    
rul+ gov]nm5t4 ,b ,consalvi %[$ himself 
equally firm z to ess5tials1 :il/ he    
gracefully yield$ to e dem& ( m9or      
importance4 ,z to ! wisdom ( ?is        
conduct1 ! pres5t circum/ances be> ample
 te/imony2 =1 _h ! c>d9al be5 less firm1
 :at might n be 9 #ahfe ! pa9ful        
situation ( ! ,fr5* episcopacy8 ,b !    
negotiations1 in/ead ( end+ 9 five days1
 7 prolong$ = m ?an ?ree weeks1 dur+ :i*
 ! ,abbe ,b]ni]1 :o repres5t$ 8         
gov]nm5t1 0 con/antly />t+ new          
difficulties1 & ?reat5+ ,consalvi ) "s  
new outbreak ( viol5ce on ! "p ( ! ,fir/

 ,consul4  ,at la/1 t[>d ! middle (     
,july1 e difficulty be+ ov]come1 &      
,bonap>te hav+ =mally promis$ to accept 
e article ( ! concordat z x _h be5 agre$
 to at ,rome1 no?+ rema9$ b to copy &   
sign t fam\s treaty4 ,! ,fir/ ,consul 0 
to give a gr& d9n] on ! #ad? ( ,july to 
=eign]s ( di/9ction1 & to m5 ( high /&+ 
9 ! c\ntry4 ,8 int5tion 0 to in=m       
publicly 8 gue/s ( ?is happy ev5t1 & on 
! #ac? ! ,moniteur publi%$ ! foll[+     
laconic piece ( news3 ,c>d9al ,consalvi 
has succe$$ 9 ! object :i* br\ght him to
 ,p>is4 ,bonap>te _h select$ 8 bro!r    
,joseph1 a c\ncillor ( /ate1 & ,b]ni] to
 sign ! de$1 :il/ on ! o!r side 7       
,consalvi1 ,monsignor ,sp9a1 & a        
!ologian nam$ ,fa!r ,caselli4 ,b at !   
la/ mom5t !re occurr$ "o ( ! mo/ a/\nd+ 
incid5ts conta9$ 9 ! hi/ory ( diplomacy4
 ,z x has nev] be5 m5tion$ 9 any memoirs
 or docum5ts ( ^? times1 we _c d bett]  
?an let ! c>d9al relate x 9 8 own words3
  ,t[>d f\r o'clock 9 ! aft]noon1 ,b]ni]
 arriv$ ) a roll ( pap]1 :i* he did n   

unfold1 b /at$ to be a copy ( !         
concordat t we 7 ab\t to sign4 ,we took 
our own ) u1 & set out all toge!r = !   
h\se ( citiz5 ,joseph1 z 0 ! slang ( !  
day1 ! bro!r to ! ,fir/ ,consul4 ,he    
receiv$ me ) ! utmo/ polit5ess4 ,?\gh he
 _h be5 ambassador at ,rome1 ,i _h n be5
 introduc$ to him1 be+ yet b #cij a     
prelate4 ,dur+ ! few days ,i pass$ 9    
,p>is1 ,i _h n met him on a =mal visit  
:i* ,i paid him1 = he (t5 resid$ 9 !    
c\ntry4 ,?is 01 !re=e1 ! fir/ "t we saw 
ea* o!r4 ,aft] ! usual complim5ts1 he   
bade u to sit d[n r\nd a table1 add+3   
',we %all h soon done1 hav+ b to sign ! 
compact1 z all is conclud$4'  ,on be+   
seat$ r\nd ! table1 ! "q arose :o %\ld  
sign fir/4 ,joseph ,bonap>te claim$ ! "r
 z bro!r to ! head ( ! gov]nm5t4 ,i     
obs]v$ ) great mildness & firmness1 t   
bo? z a c>d9al & a legate ( ! ,holy     
,see1 ,i c\ld n cons5t to assume !      
second rank 9 sign+2 beside1 "u ! old   
regime 9 ,france1 z well z ev]y:]e else1
 ! c>d9als enjoy$ a "r ( prec$5ce1 :i*  

,i c\ld n give up1 n inde$ f any p]sonal
 motive1 b on acc\nt ( ! dignity ) :i*  
,i 0 inve/$4 ,x is b due to ,joseph to  
/ate1 t aft] a mom5t>y hesitation1 he   
yield$ ) v good grace1 & begg$ ( me to  
sign fir/4 ,he himself 0 to come aft]1  
foll[$ by ! prelate ,sp9a1 ,c\ncillor   
,cretet1 ,fa!r ,caselli1 & ! ,abbe      
,b]ni]4  ,we set to "w at once1 & ,i _h 
tak5 up ! p51 :5 to my great surprise ! 
,abbe ,b]ni] pres5t$ to me 8 copy1 ) !  
view ( mak+ me sign x )\t exam9+ its    
cont5ts4 ,on ca/+ my eyes ^u x 9 ord] to
 asc]ta9 its id5tity ) my own copy1 ,i  
p]ceiv$ t ?is ecclesia/ical treaty 0 n !
 "o agre$ to by ! respective            
commission]s1 n ! "o adopt$ by ! ,fir/  
,consul himself1 b ano!r totally        
diff]5t6 ,! diff]5ce exi/+ at ! v fir/  
outset induc$ me to exam9e ! :ole ) !   
mo/ scrupul\s att5tion1 & ,i soon f\nd  
out t ?is copy conta9$ ! draught :i* !  
,pope _h refus$ to accept )\t 8         
correction1 ! v refusal t _h provok$ an 
ord] to ! ,fr5* ag5t to leave ,rome2 nay

 m1 t ?is self-same draught 0 modifi$ 9 
_m respects by ! ins]tion ( c]ta9       
clauses1 previ\sly decl>$ to be         
inacceptable ev5 be=e x _h be5 s5t to   
,rome4  ,a proce$+ ( ?is "*1 s truly    
incr$ible1 & yet s real1 :i* ,i %all n  
v5ture to qualify--= ! fact speaks      
suffici5tly = itself--a proce$+ ( ?is   
k9d lit]ally p>alyz$ my h&4 ,i express$ 
my a/oni%m5t1 decl>+ positively t on no 
condition c\ld ,i give my approval to   
su* a de$4 ,! ,fir/ ,consul's bro!r did 
n appe> less surpris$ ?an myself1       
pret5d+ n to und]/& ! matt]4 ,! ,fir/   
,consul1 he add$1 _h assur$ him t1      
ev]y?+ be+ agre$ to1 no?+ rema9$ b to   
sign4 ,z = himself1 he _h j come up f ! 
c\ntry1 :]e he 0 busy ) ,c\nt ,cob5zel  
ab\t ! affairs ( ,au/ria1 be+ call$ ^u  
m]ely = ! =mality ( sign+ ! treaty4     
,conc]n+ ! matt] itself1 he absolutely  
knew no?+ ab\t x4  ,c>d9al ,consalvi1   
ev5 :5 writ+ ! above l9es1 does n seem  
to d\bt ,joseph's s9c]ity1 nor t (      
,c\ncillor ,cretet1 :o affirm$ 8 own    

innoc5ce 9 t]ms equally /rong4 ,! latt] 
c\ld h>dly believe 8 own eyes1 :5 !     
legate po9t$ out to him ! gl>+          
discrepancies betwe5 bo? copies4 ,!     
,pope's m9i/] !n turn+ sudd5ly to       
,b]ni]3 ,nobody bett] ?an y\rself1 said 
he1 c atte/ ! tru? ( :at ,i affirm2 ,i  
am highly a/oni%$ at ! /udi$ sil5ce :i* 
y ma9ta91 & ,i mu/ !re=e call ^u y      
positively to communicate to u :at y mu/
 "k s p]t95tly4  ,!n1 ) an air (        
confusion & an emb>rass$ c\nt5ance1 he  
falt]$ out t d\btless my language 0 b   
too true1 & t he w\ld n d5y ! diff]5ce (
 ! docum5ts n[ propos$ = our signatures4
 ',b ! ,fir/ ,consul has s orda9$1'     
cont9u$ he1 'tell+ me t z long z no     
signature has be5 giv51 "o is always at 
lib]ty to make any alt]ation4 ,s he     
requires ^! alt]ations1 #cia aft] duly  
consid]+ ! :ole matt]1 he is n satisfi$ 
) ! previ\s /ipulations4'  ,! doctr9e 0 
s contr>y to all prec$5ts1 t ,consalvi  
_h no difficulty 9 conv9c+ 8 auditors ( 
its futility4 ,he moreov] ma9ta9$ 8     

gr\nd /eadfa/ly1 & refus$ to make any   
fur!r concession contr>y to 8 duties4   
,!y cajol$ him1 !y ?reat5$ him ) !      
viol5ce & fury ( ! omnipot5t ,consul2 he
 rema9$ un%ak54 ,joseph entreat$ him at 
lea/ to g ov] ! same gr\nd once m1      
foll[+ ! ,papal copy1 & to ?is ! c>d9al 
cons5t$1 firmly resolv$ n to give up "o 
s+le po9t ( importance1 b to modify su* 
expressions z might induce ,bonap>te to 
accept ! orig9al treaty4 ,s ^! six m5   
sat d[n aga9 at five o'clock 9 !        
aft]noon to discuss ! :ole "q4 ,!       
discussion 0 labori\s1 precise1 se>*+1 &
 heat$ on bo? sides4 ,x la/$ n9ete5 long
 h\rs1 )\t int]ruption1 )\t re/1 )\t    
food1 )\t ev5 s5d+ away ! s]vants or !  
c>riages1 z w (t5 happ5 :5 p hope to    
conclude at e m9ute "s important        
bus9ess4 ,on "o article alone !y c\ld   
nev] agree1 & x 0 specially res]v$ to ! 
,pope's own decision4 ,x 0 twelve       
o'clock ! next day be=e !y came to a    
conclusion4 ,b w\ld ! ,fir/ ,consul     
adopt ?is plan8 ,w\ld he n break all    

b\nds1 on f9d+ 8 duplicity discov]$1 &  
himself balk$ by ! c>d9al's firmness8   
,joseph hurri$ to ! ,tuil]ies1 9 ord] to
 lay ! :ole be=e 8 imp]i\s bro!r1 & 9   
less ?an "o h\r came back1 8 features   
evid5tly %[+ ! grief ( 8 s\l4 ,says     
,consalvi3  ,he told u t ! ,fir/ ,consul
 _h brok5 =? into ! greate/ fury on be+ 
appris$ ( :at _h tak5 place4 ,9 8 fit ( 
ang] he _h torn to pieces ! concordat we
 _h drawn up among u2 b at la/1 yield+  
to ,joseph's entreaties & argum5ts1 he  
_h promis$1 ?\gh ) ! mo/ extreme        
repugnance1 to accept e article we _h   
agre$ to1 except ! "o we _h res]v$1 &   
ab\t :i* he 0 no less inflexible ?an    
irritat$4 ,! ,fir/ ,consul1 add$        
,joseph1 _h clos$ ! int]view by tell+   
him to in=m me t he 7,bonap>te7 0 decid$
 ^u ma9ta9+ ?is article z x 0 express$ 9
 ,b]ni]'s copy3--consequ5tly ,i _h b two
 ways be=e me3 ei!r to adopt ?is article
 j z x 0 9 ! concordat1 or to give up ! 
negotiations4 ,z = him1 he _h made up 8 
m9d to ann\nce ei!r ! signature or !    

rupture ( ! affair at ! gr& d9n] he 0 to
 give on t day4  ,! read] w easily      
imag9e our con/]nation at ?is message4  
,we _h yet ?ree h\rs until five o'clock1
 ! "t appo9t$ = ! d9n]1 at :i* we 7 all 
to att5d4 ,i really am unable to repeat 
all ! ,consul's bro!r & ! two o!r       
commission]s said1 to conqu] my         
resi/ance4 ,! picture ( ! consequ5ces   
likely to ensue ^u ! rupture 0 inde$ ( !
 d>ke/ color2 !y gave me to und]/& t ,i 
alone %\ld become responsible = ^? evils
 9 ! face ( ,france & ,europe1 z well z 
to my own sov]eign & ,rome4 ,i %\ld be  
accus$ ( an unreasonable /iffness1 & (  
hav+ br\ght on ! results ( su* a        
refusal4 ,i felt a dea?-l angui%1 on    
conjur+ up be=e my eyes ! realization ( 
^! prophecies1 & ,i 0--if ,i may be     
all[$ su* words--l unto ! man ( sorr[4  
,b my duty won ! victory3 ?anks to      
heav51 ,i did n betray x4 ,i p]si/$ 9 my
 refusal dur+ ! two h\rs ( ?is conte/1 &
 ! negotiation 0 brok5 (f4  ,su* 0 !    
end+ ( ?is sad debate1 :i* _h la/$      

f\r-&-tw5ty h\rs1 hav+ begun at f\r     
o'clock on ! prec$+ day1 & clos$ t[>d ! 
same h\r ( ?is un=tunate "o4 ,our bodily
 suff]+s 7 d\btless v great1 b !y 7 no?+
 :5 comp>$ to our moral anxiety1 :i*    
rose to su* a pit* t "o mu/ really h    
und]gone #cib su* tortures to =m an idea
 ( !m4  ,i 0 condemn$--& ?is 0 inde$ a  
mo/ cruel circum/ance at su* a mom5t--to
 appe> 9 an h\r aft] at ! fam\s banquet4
 ,i 0 b\nd to front 9 public ! v fir/   
%ock ( t head/rong ang] :i* ! ,g5]al    
,bonap>te w\ld feel on be+ appris$ by 8 
bro!r ( ! rupture4  ,we ha/5$ back to   
our hotel1 9 ord] to make a few rapid   
prep>ations1 & !n hurri$ all ?ree to !  
,tuil]ies4 ,we _h h>dly ent]$ ! saloon  
:]e ! ,fir/ ,consul 0 /&+--a saloon     
fill$ ) a cr[d ( magi/rates1 (fic]s1    
/ate gr&ees1 m9i/]s1 ambassadors1 &     
illu/ri\s =eign]s1 :o _h be5 invit$ to !
 d9n]--:5 we 7 greet$ 9 a way :i* may   
easily be imag9$1 z he _h already se5 8 
bro!r4 ,z soon z he p]ceiv$ me1 he      
exclaim$1 8 face flu%$ ) ang]1 & 9 a l\d

 & indignant tone3  ',well1 ,monsieur le
 ,c>d9al1 y h _h y\r fl+2 y h brok5 (f3 
be x s6 ,i don't /& 9 ne$ ( ,rome4 ,i w 
act = myself4 ,i don't /& 9 ne$ ( !     
,pope4 ,if ,h5ry ! ,eigh?1 :o _h n      
"o-tw5tie? "p ( my p[]1 0 enabl$ to     
*ange ! religion ( 8 c\ntry1 & to succe$
 9 8 plans1 f> bett] %all ,i "k h[ to d 
x1 & to w x4 ,by *ang+ ! religion 9     
,france1 ,i %all *ange x ?r\gh\t ! be/  
"p ( ,europe--ev]y:]e1 9 fact1 :]e my   
p[] is felt4 ,rome w soon p]ceive h] own
 faults2 %e w rue !m1 b x w !n be too   
late4 ,y may take y\r leave2 x is ! be/ 
?+ y c d4 ,y h will$ a rupture3 be x s6 
,:5 d y int5d sett+ out8'  ',aft] d9n]1 
g5]al1' repli$ ,i1 ) ! greate/ calmness4
  ,^! few words act$ z an electric %ock 
on ! ,fir/ ,consul4 ,he />$ at me = a   
few m9utes2 &1 tak+ advantage ( 8       
surprise1 ,i repli$ to 8 vehem5t        
outbreak1 t ,i nei!r c\ld nor w\ld g    
beyond my in/ructions on matt]s :i* 7   
positively oppos$ to ! maxims ( ! ,holy 
,see4  ,"h ! ,consul int]rupt$          

,consalvi1 ?\gh 9 a mild] tone1 to tell 
him t he insi/$ ^u hav+ ! concordat     
sign$ accord+ to 8 own views1 or n at   
all4 ,well1 !n1 retort$ ! c>d9al1 9 t =m
 ,i nei!r %all nor w ev] subscribe to x2
 no--nev]4 ,& t is ! v reason1 cri$ out 
,bonap>te1 :y ,i tell y t y are b5t ^u  
break+ (f1 & :y ,rome w %$ te>s ( blood 
on ?is rupture4  ,:at a sc5e6 & h[ f9ely
 ! bold1 calm demeanor ( ! ,pope's      
legate %[s 9 /rong relief aga9/ t d>k1  
passionate1 & om9\s1 ?\gh intellig5t    
face ( ,napoleon ,bonap>te6 ,:at a      
spl5did subject = a pa9t]1 & h[ x calls 
up at once to our m9d ^? b>b>ic *iefta9s
 ( old1 fit en\gh to wield ! sword--fit 
en\gh ev5 to lay ! sn>es ( a savage1 b  
unable to cope ) ! spiritual /r5g? ( a  
,*ri/ian bi%op1 & utt]ly c[$ by ! meek  
s$at5ess ( "s mission>y monk1 j waft$   
ov] f ! %ores ( ,irel&6 ,write ! sev5?1 
or ! ?irte5?1 in/ead ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1
 & say if ! incid5t w\ld be clo!d 9     
diff]5t colors2 =1 9 fact1 :at 0        
,bonap>te himself b ! ,hoh5/auf5 ( 8    

age--a /range mixture ( real gr&eur1 (  
see?+ passions1 & ( mean1 crafty1 fox-l 
cunn+8  ,! ,fr5* editor ( ^! memoirs v  
ju/ly obs]ves t "s ve/ige ( ! above sc5e
 mu/ /ill exi/ 9 ! docum5ts ( ! ,imp]ial
 ar*ives1 & expresses ! wi% t ! *>ge (  
duplicity s t]ribly br\ght home to !    
fir/ ,bonap>te may be prop]ly sift$ &   
repell$4 ,( ! exi/5ce ( su* in=mation we
 h sc>cely any d\bt1 b we h>dly believe 
t ! select committee1 head$ by ,pr9ce   
,napoleon1 :o h already s unscrupul\sly 
tamp]$ ) #cic ! correspond5ce ( ! great 
f\nd] ( ! pres5t dyna/y1 w ev] rebut !  
accusation1 or ev5 take notice ( !      
n>rative4 ,& yet x be>s ! /amp ( tru? 9 
e l9e1 s prone 0 ,napoleon to ^? fits ( 
ang]1 :i* he sometimes us$1 ,?i]s       
himself admits x1 z tools = 8 policy1 & 
to s]ve 8 end4  ,aft] all1 ! ,fir/      
,consul 0 glad to escape f ! consequ5ces
 ( 8 own viol5ce1 s9ce1 on ! p]sonal    
int]f]5ce ( ! ,au/rian ambassador1 he   
aga9 cons5t$ t ! conf]5ces %\ld be      
r5ew$4 ,! two c>d9al po9ts on :i*1 9 !  

eyes ( ,rome1 ! :ole fabric ( !         
concordat re/$1 7 ! fre$om & publicity (
 ! ,ca?olic wor%ip4 ,)\t ^! two ess5tial
 conditions1 ! ,pope & 8 m9i/]s deem$ t 
! ,*ur* obta9$ no comp5sation = ! num]\s
 sacrifices :i* %e cons5t$ to und]go 9  
o!r respects4 ,! ,fr5* gov]nm5t1 on !   
contr>y1 admitt$ t fre$om & publicity1  
only s f> z !y 7 all[$ to o!r =ms (     
wor%ip1 & saddl$ ! article ) ! foll[+   
rid]3 ,! public wor%ip %all be free1 z  
long z x con=ms to ! police regulations4
 ,su* 0 ! f9al difficulty aga9/ :i*     
,consalvi ma9ta9$ a mo/ ob/9ate         
opposition1 & x mu/ be admitt$ t 8      
gr\nds 7 ( a v s]i\s nature4 ,taught by 
! exp]i5ce ( o!r times & c\ntries1 he   
consid]$ ! obnoxi\s condition z a bold  
attempt to enslave ! ,*ur* by subject+  
h] to ! secul> p[]4 ,on ! flimsy pretext
 ( act+ z ! protector & def5d] ( !      
,*ur*1 a gov]nm5t 0 enabl$ to "l x ov]  
h]1 & cripple h] be/ endeavors = !      
fulfilm5t ( h] div9e mission4 ,if su* _h
 be5 ! case1 ev5 "u ! old ,fr5* mon>*y1 

not)/&+ ! /rong ,ca?olic dispositions ( 
! ,b\rbon sov]eigns 9 g5]al1 z well z 9 
! times ( a ,joseph ,,ii4 & a ,leopold (
 ,tuscany1 :at great] *anges 7 to be    
fe>$ on ! "p ( ! revolution>y p[]s1 :i* 
n[ sway$ ov] ,france8 ,! c>d9al readily 
admitt$ t1 9 ! pres5t /ate ( ! c\ntry1 x
 might be prop] = ! gov]nm5t to re/rict 
on c]ta9 occasions ! publicity ( !      
,ca?olic wor%ip1 = ! v sake ( protect+  
its foll[]s aga9/ ! outbreaks ( popul>  
fr5zy2 b :y lay d[n su* a sweep+ & su*  
an ela/ic rule8 ,) a clause ( ?is k9d1  
said ! legate1 ! police1 or r !         
gov]nm5t1 w be enabl$ to lay _! h&s on  
ev]y?+1 & may subject all to _! own w & 
discretion1 :il/ ! ,*ur*1 con/antly     
fett]$ by ! words1 ',z long z x con=ms1'
 w h no "r ev5 to compla94 ,to ^!       
argum5ts ! ,consul con/antly repli$1    
,well1 if ! ,pope c't accept su* an     
indef9ite & mild re/riction1 let him    
omit ! article1 & give up publicity (   
wor%ip altoge!r4 ,z a curi\s specim5 (  
s9c]ity & c&or1 we mu/ obs]ve t         

,consalvi 0 n ev5 all[$ to consult ) 8  
own c\rt1 nor to s5d a c\ri]1 ! ,fr5*   
gov]nm5t refus+ to supply him ) !       
necess>y passports4 ,s mu* = !          
int]national privileges ( ambassadors4  
,:o c be a/oni%$ t ! ,papal m9i/] %\ld  
feel b little confid5ce 9 ! good fai? ( 
^? he _h to deal )8  ,_! attitude1      
inde$1 seems to h /r5g!n$ 8 own unb5d+  
firmness4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ^! ev]la/+       
debates1 he cl5*$ ! subject 9 ! foll[+  
t]ms3 ,ei!r y are s9c]e 9 ma9ta9+ t !   
gov]nm5t is oblig$ to impose a          
re/riction ^u ! publicity ( ! religi\s  
wor%ip1 be+ impell$ !reunto by !        
necessity ( uphold+ ! public peace &    
ord]1 & 9 t case ! gov]nm5t _c & ought n
 to hesitate z to ass]t+ ! fact 9 !     
article itself2 or ! gov]nm5t does n wi%
 x to be s express$2 & 9 t case !y %[ _!
 bad fai?1 z also t ! only object ( !   
a=esaid re/riction is #cid ! enslavem5t 
( ! ,*ur* to _! own w4  ,! commission]s 
f\nd no?+ to reply to ?is dilemma2 =1 9 
fact1 ,consalvi only ask$ t ! res]ve    

itself %\ld be laid d[n z a tempor>y    
re/riction4 ,at la/ !y yield$1 despair+ 
( ev] ov]com+1 on ?is subject1 _!       
unfl9*+ & p[]ful antagoni/4 ,!          
concordat1 duly sign$ & au!nticat$1 0   
s5t up = approval to ! ,fir/ ,consul1   
:o1 aft] ano!r fit ( ang]1 gave 8       
cons5t2 b1 z ,consalvi himself presumes1
 f t h\r he resolv$ to annul ! intr9sic 
& mo/ b5eficial effects ( ! concordat by
 ^? celebrat$ organic articles :i* are  
ev5 at ?is mom5t a bone ( cont5tion     
betwe5 ! ,fr5* cl]gy & ! ,imp]ial       
gov]nm5t4  ,x is1 inde$1 a mo/ rem>kable
 fact t ! same man :o imp]i\sly         
prescrib$ t ! concordat %\ld be drawn up
 & sign$ 9 ! c\rse ( five days1 all[$ a 
full ye> to elapse be=e he publi%$ x &  
s5t ! (ficial ratifications to ,rome4   
,:5 he did fulfil ^! =malities1 he c\pl$
 !m ) ! promulgation ( ^? fam\s laws    
:i*1 9 reality1 t5d$ to cut (f all free 
communication betwe5 ! ,holy ,see & !   
,gallican cl]gy1 & to spread ?r\gh\t    
,europe ! false belief t ! ,pope himself

 _h concurr$ 9 ! adoption ( ^! obnoxi\s 
measures4 ,9 va9 did ,pius ,,vii4 prote/
 aga9/ !m--9 va91 at a lat] p]iod1 0 he 
induc$ to cr[n ! emp]or 9 ,p>is1 9 hopes
 ( obta9+ ! fulfilm5t ( 8 own promises4 
,napoleon turn$ a deaf e> to ! mo/ t\*+ 
importunities4 ,on consid]+ ! :ole ( 8  
conduct1 x is h>dly possible to refra9 f
 conclud+ t ,bonap>te ev] look$ ^u !    
,pope's supremacy & p[] z an app5dage & 
satellite ( 8 own p>am\nt omnipot5ce4   
,view$ by ?is light1 _m ( 8 acts 9 latt]
 ye>s w appe> at lea/ consi/5t1 ?\gh by 
no means ju/ifiable on any pr9ciple     
:atsoev]4 ,is !re n (t5 a c]ta9         
consi/5cy 9 madness8 ,& if s 9 ord9>y   
life1 :y n 9 ! freaks & />ts (          
despotism8 ,& aga91 is n despotism      
itself madness 9 disguise8  ,b :y       
indulge 9 our own speculations &        
surmises1 :5 we h be=e u positive       
evid5ce t 9 #ahja1 z well z t5 ye>s     
aft]w>d1 ,napoleon ent]ta9$ & ma9ta9$ a 
plan = arrogat+ to himself bo? !        
spiritual & temporal p[]8 ,! examples   

set by ,h5ry ,,viii41 ,alb]t (          
,br&5burg1 & ,pet] ,i4 ( ,russia1 7 ev] 
be=e 8 eyes1 bl9d+ 8 own innate good    
s5se1 & ex]t+ a sort ( om9\s fasc9ation 
ov] 8 be/ impulses4 ,! read] has        
d\btless he>d (1 if n p]us$1 ^? wond]ful
 pages 9 :i* ! fall5 giant :il$ away 8  
t$i\s h\rs at ,/4 ,hel5a1 pret5d+ to    
write 8 own hi/ory1 b 9 reality veil+   
tru? "u fiction1 & endeavor+ to palm ^u 
! _w c]ta9 f>-fet*$ views ( b5evol5ce or
 civilization1 :i* he nev] dreamt ( :il/
 he 0 on ! ?rone4 ,/ill1 t /range       
,memorial ( ,/4 ,hel5a (t5 conta9s _m a 
/>tl+ pro( ( c&or1 z if ! mask sudd5ly  
fell1 & reveal$ to our a/oni%$ gaze !   
inn] man4 ,among su* passages1 none     
p]haps are s rem>kable z ^? ref]r+ to ! 
concordat & to ! religi\s difficulties (
 lat] ye>s4 ,"o day ,napoleon dictat$ to
 ,g5]al ,mon?olon ^! l9es1 :i* s /rongly
 ju/ify ,consalvi's fe>s & opposition3  
,:5 ,i seiz$ ! helm1 ,i already held !  
mo/ precise & def9ite ideas on all ^?   
pr9ciples :i* cem5t toge!r ! social     

body4 ,i fully weigh$ ! importance (    
religion--on t head ,i 0 conv9c$--& _h  
resolv$ to re/ore x4 ,b "o c h>dly      
realize ! difficulties ,i _h to cont5d )
 :5 ab\t to br+ back ,ca?olicism4 ,i    
%\ld h be5 readily support$ _h ,i       
unfurl$ ! ,prote/ant /&>d4 ,?is feel+   
w5t s f> t1 9 ! #cie c\ncil ( /ate1 :]e 
,i met ) ! /ronge/ opposition aga9/ !   
concordat1 _m a man tacitly det]m9$ to  
plot its de/ruction4 ',well1' us$ !y to 
say1 'let u turn ,prote/ants at once1 & 
!n we may wa% our h&s ( ! bus9ess4' ,x  
is1 inde$1 q true t1 9 ! mid/ ( s mu*   
confusion & s _m errors1 ,i 0 at lib]ty 
to *oose betwe5 ,ca?olicism &           
,prote/antism2 & /ill tru] t ev]y?+     
favor$ ! latt]4 ,b1 beside my own       
p]sonal bias incl9+ t[>d my national    
religion1 ,i _h mo/ weighty reasons to  
decide o!rwise4 ,i %\ld ?us h creat$ 9  
,france two great p>ties ( equal /r5g?1 
?\gh ,i 0 det]m9$ to d away ) e p>ty    
:atsoev]2 ,i %\ld h conjur$ up all !    
fr5zy ( religi\s w>f>e1 :il/ !          

enlight5m5t ( ! age & my own w aim$ at  
cru%+ x altoge!r4 ,by _! mutual /rife ^!
 two p>ties w\ld h torn ,france asund]1 
& made h] a slave to ,europe1 :il/ my   
ambition 0 to make h] its mi/ress4      
,?r\gh ,ca?olicism ,i 0 f> sur] ( atta9+
 all my great objects4 ,at home1 !      
majority absorb$ ! m9ority1 :i* ,i 0    
dispos$ to treat ) s mu* equity t any   
diff]5ce betwe5 bo? w\ld soon disappe>2 
abroad1 ,ca?olicism kept me on good t]ms
 ) ! ,pope4 ,beside1 ?anks to my own    
influ5ce & to our =ces 9 ,italy1 ,i did 
n despair1 soon] or lat]1 by "s means or
 o!r1 to obta9 ! direction & guidance ( 
! ,pope2 & !n :at a new s\rce (         
influ5ce6 :at a lev] to act ^u public   
op9ion1 & to gov]n ! _w6  ,a few mom5ts 
aft] ! emp]or resum$3  ,francis ,i4 _h a
 capital opportunity to embrace         
,prote/antism1 & to become its ackn[l$g$
 head ?r\gh\t ,europe4 ,8 rival1 ,*>les 
,v41 resolutely sid$ ) ,rome1 because he
 consid]$ ?is ! be/ way to subject      
,europe4 ,?is alone %\ld h induc$       

,francis to def5d ,european indep5d5ce4 
,in/ead ( t1 he left a reality to run   
aft] a %ad[1 foll[+ up 8 pitiful qu>rels
 9 ,italy1 ally+ himself ) ! ,pope1 &   
burn+ ! re=m]s 9 ,p>is4  ,_h ,francis   
,i4 embrac$ ,lu!ranism1 :i* is s        
favorable to ! royal supremacy1 he w\ld 
h sp>$ ,france ^? dreadful convulsions  
:i* 7 aft]w>d br\ght on by ! ,calv9i/s1 
^: republican organization 0 s ne> ru9+ 
bo? ! ?rone & our f9e mon>*y4           
,un=tunately1 ,francis 0 unable to      
und]/& any?+ ( ! k9d4 ,z to 8 scruples1 
!y are q out ( ! "q1 s9ce ?is self-same 
man made an alliance ) ! ,turks1 :om he 
introduc$ among u4 ,oh1 ^? /upid times6 
,oh1 t feudal intellect6 ,aft] all1     
,francis ,i4 0 b a tilt+ k+--a          
draw+-room d&y--a w\ld-be giant1 b a    
real pigmy4  ,x is sc>ce necess>y to    
add1 t at ! "t ,napoleon is speak+ ( he 
0 an unbeliev]1 ?\gh a lurk+ respect = 8
 national religion /ill l+]$ at ! bottom
 ( 8 he>t4 ,b !n1 h[ fully does he admit
 t religion 0 b a tool ( 8 ambition6 ,h[

 op5ly does he confess 8 plan to get    
hold ( ! ,pope by "s means or o!r6 ,h[  
gl>+ly true mu/ n[ appe> 9 our eyes t   
n>rative ( ,consalvi's 9 :i* he exposes 
! mean trick t ,napoleon endeavor$ to   
play ^u 8 vigilance6 ,la/ly1 h[         
fai?fully does ! emp]or adh]e to ! plans
 secretly laid )9 ! d>k m9d ( ! ,fir/   
,consul6 ,=1 z if to leave no d\bt z to 
! fulfilm5t ( ^? plans1 he relat$ to    
,mon?olon ! mo/ m9ute details ( :at took
 place dur+ ! ,pope's captivity at      
,fonta9ebleau3  ,! ,engli%1 said        
,napoleon1 plott$ an escape = him f     
,savona2 ! v ?+ ,i c\ld h wi%$ =4 ,i _h 
him br\ght to ,fonta9ebleau1 :]e 8      
mis=tunes 7 to end1 & 8 spl5dor to be   
re/or$4 ,all my gr& views _h be5 ?us    
fulfill$ "u disguise & 9 secrecy4 ,i _h 
s manag$ t #cif success 0 infallible1   
ev5 )\t an ef=t4 ,inde$1 ! ,pope adopt$ 
! fam\s concordat ( ,fonta9ebleau1      
not)/&+ my rev]ses 9 ,russia4 ,b h[ f>  
diff]5t _h ,i return$ triumphant &      
victori\s6 ,s at la/ ,i _h obta9$ !     

long-wi%$-= sep>ation ( ! spiritual &   
temporal p[]s2 :il/ _! confusion is s   
fatal to ! =m]1 by caus+ tr\ble &       
disord] )9 society 9 ! "n ( him :o ought
 to become a c5tre ( union & h>mony4    
,h5ce=w>d ,i int5d$ to place ! ,pope on 
a p9nacle2 we w\ld n ev5 h regrett$ 8   
temporal p[]1 = ,i w\ld h made an idol (
 him1 & he w\ld h dwelt close to me4    
,p>is %\ld h become ! capital ( !       
,*ri/ian _w1 & ,i w\ld h gov]n$ !       
spiritual z well z ! political _w4 ,by  
?is means ,i %\ld h be5 enabl$ to /r5g!n
 ! f$]ative portions ( ! empire1 & to   
ma9ta9 peace 9 su* p>ts z 7 beyond its  
limits4 ,i %\ld h _h my religi\s        
sessions1 j ! same z my legislative     
sessions3 my c\ncils w\ld h repres5t$1  
all ,*ri/5dom1 & ! popes w\ld h m]ely   
act$ z _! presid5ts4 ,i %\ld myself h   
op5$ _! assemblies1 approv$ & promulgat$
 _! decrees1 z 0 ! case "u ,con/ant9e & 
,*>lemagne4 ,9 fact1 if ! emp]ors lo/   
?is k9d ( supremacy1 x 0 because !y     
all[$ ! spiritual rul] to reside at a   

di/ance f !m2 & ^? rul]s took advantage 
( ?is act ( weakness1 or ?is result ( ! 
times1 to escape f ! pr9ce's gov]nm5t1 &
 ev5 to ov]rule x4  ,:at words ( ours   
c\ld add to ! bold significance ( ^!8   
,h[ ! pr\d _s ( ! despot t[]s ev5 )9 8  
prison6 & h[ little _h he pr(it$ by !   
bitt] lessons ( exp]i5ce6 ,nev] be=e1 d 
we believe1 s9ce ! adv5t ( ,*ri/ianity1 
did any k+ or conqu]or pr(ess su* a     
b>efac$ contempt = ! deepe/ feel+s ( a  
,*ri/ian s\l--! fre$om ( 8 spiritual    
be+6 ,?is pret5d$ lib]ation f ! c\rt (  
,rome1 ?is religi\s gov]nm5t conc5trat$ 
)9 ! h&s ( ! sov]eign1 became1 inde$1 at
 "o "t1 ! con/ant object ( ,napoleon's  
?\ghts & m$itations3  ,engl&1 ,russia1  
,sw$51 a l>ge "p ( ,g]many 70 he wont to
 say71 are 9 possession ( x2 ,v5ice &   
,naples enjoy$ x 9 =m] times4 ,inde$1   
!re is no do+ )\t x1 = o!rwise a nation 
is ev] & anon w\nd$ 9 its peace1 9 its  
dignity1 9 its indep5d5ce4 ,b !n su* an 
und]tak+ is mo/ ardu\s2 at e attempt ,i 
0 beset ) new dang]s2 &1 once ?or\ghly  

emb>k$ 9 x1 ! nation w\ld h ab&on$ me4  
,m ?an once ,i tri$ to awak5 public     
op9ion2 b all 0 9 va91 & ,i 0 oblig$ to 
ackn[l$ge t ! p w\ld n foll[ me4  ,on   
read+ ^! la/ words1 :o w n rememb]      
,cacault's apo!gm1 utt]$ 9 #ahja3       
,nations n[-a-days w n all[ _! rul]s to 
dispose ( !m 9 reg>d to religi\s matt]s4
  ,we hope t ! read] w n accuse u (     
prolixity = hav+ relat$ r fully !       
negotiations :i* proce$$ ! concordat (  
#ahja4 ,hi!rto ! ma9 facts ( ?is        
important ev5t h be5 glean$ f ,fr5*     
s\rces ( in=mation4 ,no voice _h be5    
rais$1 we believe1 on ! "p ( ,rome1 & no
 "o1 x mu/ be admitt$1 _h a bett] "r to 
speak ( t celebrat$ treaty ?an ! man :o 
contribut$ s l>gely1 s exclusively1 we  
might almo/ say1 to its f9al adoption4  
,& !n1 ?r\gh\t ! :ole ( 8 simple &      
unpret5d+1 yet cle> & spirit$ memoirs1 !
 great c>d9al reads u a gr& lesson1 :i* 
may be felt & und]/ood by e human s\l4  
,dur+ ! p]usal ( ^! two volumes1 we h   
ev] be=e our eyes ! /ruggle ( "r aga9/  

might1 ( duty aga9/ tyranny1 ( a true   
,*ri/ian s\l aga9/ ! truckl+1 %uffl+1   
intrigu+ _s ( ! _w4 ,ev] #cig & anon1   
?is able1 firm1 & yet amiable diplomati/
 all[s "s expression to escape him :i*  
%[s t 8 he>t & s\l are else:]e1 t 8     
beacon is on high1 & t he views ev]y?+ &
 all ?+s 9 ?is ne!r _w f ! light ( !    
gospel4 ,& ?is1 p]haps1 is ! v reason   
:y1 ?r\gh\t a long c>e] ( su* num]\s    
difficulties & dang]s1 he mov$ s]5e1    
undaunt$1 unblemi%$ 9 8 honor1 proclaim$
 wise/ among/ ! wise1 until k+s1 pr9ces1
 w>riors1 & /atesm51 ,prote/ants &      
,ca?olics1 c\nt$ 8 fri5d%ip & e/eem (   
priceless value4    ----  ,f ,once a    
,week4  ,,hymn ,,by ,,m>y ,,que5 ,,(    
,,scots4    ,o ,dom9e ,deus1 sp]avi 9   
te6   ,o c>e mi ,jesu1 nunc lib]a me6   
,9 dura cat5a1 9 mis]a pc5a1   ,desid]o 
te2   ,langu5do1 gem5do et g5uflect5do1 
,adoro1 imploro1 ut lib]es me6          
7,,translation47     ,o ,"l1 ,o my ,god1
 ,i h hop$ b 9 !e2   ,jesu1 my de>e/1 n[
 lib]ate me3   ,9 h>d *a9s1 9 fi]ce     

pa9s1   ,i am long+ = !e3   ,langui%+1  
groan+ & b5d+ ! knee1   ,i adore1 ,i    
implore ?\ w\ld/ lib]ate me6            
,,a/ley ,h4 ,,baldw94   ----  #cih   ,f 
,! ,lamp4   ,,_m ,,ye>s ,,ago ,,at      
,,upfield4   ,9 ! la/ decade ( ! la/    
c5tury1 ,upfield 0 a v heal?y1 pretty1  
prosp]\s t[n 9 ,suffolk4 ,its c5tre 0 a 
gre52 undulat+1 irregul>1 & f f\r to    
five acres 9 area4 ,r\nd x 7 labor]s'   
cottages1 a =ge1 ! inn1 ! vet]9>y       
surgeon's h\se1 ! doctor's1 ! vic>age1 &
 ! ,grey ,h\se1 ea* ) l& proportion$ to 
its "*4 ,a little1 v little way (f1 0 ! 
*ur*2 belong+ anci5tly to a ,c>?usian   
mona/]y1 ( :i* "s ru9s /ill exi/$2 &    
beyond t1 b )9 a qu>t] ( a mile (       
,upfield1 0 ,edw>d's ,hall1 ! f9e       
b>onial resid5ce ( ! ,s*>d]l[es1 :o _h  
own$ x s9ce ! reign ( ,h5ry ,,iv41 &    
nev] =sak5 ! ,ca?olic fai?4 ,upfield 0  
eloqu5t ab\t ! pa/1 z well z actually   
*>m+4 ,! *ur*1 e>ly ,engli%1 0 little   
injur$ ext]iorly4 ,inside x rem9d$ "o ( 
a nun compell$ to we> a masqu]ade dress4

 ,! beautiful ar*es & l(ty ro( _h defi$ 
"t & ! vulg> rage ( vici\s fanaticism2 s
 _h ! pavem5t1 ri* 9 slabs implor+      
humbly pray]s = ! repose ( ! dead :o lay
 "u x2 b devotion & ta/e m\rn$ ov] !    
*ang$ use ( ! sacr$ build+1 & !         
*>act]i/ics !re(2 = in/ance1 a          
s++-gall]y 9 ! we/]n end1 ) ! royal arms
 done 9 r$ & gild$ pla/]1 fa/5$ to x2   
high deal pews = ! mass ( !             
congregation1 & ! squire's              
pray+-made-com=table "o )9 ! c>v$ oak   
scre5 9 ! s\? transept1 :]e _h be5 !    
*apel ( ! ,bless$ ,sacram5t4  ,! ,grey  
,h\se 0 l[1 rambl+1 picturesque2 !      
beau-ideal ( a happy1 hospitable old    
,engli% home4 ,x _h be5 built by        
in/alm5ts1 at di/ant int]vals2 & _h     
d]iv$ its "n f a ,"l ,grey1 ( ,codn\re1 
:o _h =m]ly possess$ l&s 9 !            
neighborhood4 ,at ! "t :5ce ?is /ory    
/>ts1 x _h be5 = a hundr$ ye>s or m 9 ! 
family ( ! ,wickhams1 :o claim$ to be   
desc5d$ collat]ally f ,william (        
,wykeham--:e!r !y 7 or n1 _h nev] be5   

discuss$1 & !re=e nev] =mally e/abli%$2 
nor did any "o 9 ! neighborhood1 except 
,mr4 ,s*>d]l[e & 8 family1 "k t a =m]   
,wickham _h b>t]$ 8 religion = a weal?y 
,prote/ant wife1 & all[$ h] to br+ up _!
 *ildr5 9 h] own way4 ,9 ,janu>y1 #agij1
 ,george ,wickham1 ! head ( ! family1   
di$ at ! ,grey ,h\se1 ( inflammation ( !
 lungs1 9 8 =ty-second ye>1 & no "o 0   
ev] m regrett$4 ,a k9d]-he>t$ man _h    
nev] brea!d4 ,8 atta*m5ts _h be5 w>m &  
num]\s2 he _h help$ e "o :om he c\ld    
help1 be5 peculi>ly g5tle to ! poor & 8 
dep5d5ts1 hat$ no?+ b wick$ness1 &      
believ$ 9 t only :5 x 0 impossible to be
 bl9d to x4 ,poor de> ,mr4 ,wickham1    
said ,mrs4 ,s*>d]l[e1 :5 h] husb& told  
h] ! news2 ,i'm he>tily sorry4 ,i always
 ?\ght he w\ld become a ,ca?olic--he 0 s
 lib]al 9 all 8 feel+s2 only ! la/ "t we
 met1 conv]sation tak+ t turn--,i =get  
:y--he said x 0 too bad t we c\ld n     
wor%ip ,god z we pleas$1 )\t suff]+ = x2
 & t he 0 a%am$ ( ,engli%m5 :o =got t _!
 noble/ laws 7 made1 & _! mo/ glori\s   

victories won1 9 ,ca?olic times4 ,:at a 
loss he w be to ,upfield & 8 family6    
,yes1 return$ h] husb&1 t poor pretty   
little wid[ is ab\t z helpless &        
ignorant ( ! _w z possible2 %e nev] _h  
occasion to ?9k ( any?+ b h[ to make    
#cii home happy1 :i* ,i believe %e did2 
!y 7 a p>ticul>ly unit$ family4 ,i hope 
he made a w2 b ,i ?9k x is likely he did
 n2 8 illness 0 %ort & pa9ful1 &        
previ\sly to x no "o ev] _h a fair]     
prospect ( long life ?an he _h4  ,mr4   
,wickham's fun]al 0 talk$ ( 9 ,upfield &
 ! neighborhood _m ye>s aft]w>d4 ,mr4   
,s*>d]l[e s5t 8 c>riage2 ! c\nty memb]1 
& p]sons ( e class1 att5d$4 ,! cl]gyman 
f an adjac5t p>i%1 :o _h be5 reque/$ to 
p]=m ! burial-s]vice1 because ! vic>1   
,mr4 ,wickham's nephew1 felt unequal to 
x1 bur/ into te>s1 & _h to pause "s     
m9utes to recov] himself4 ,! wid[ fa9t$2
 & h] elde/ son ,rob]t1 a y\? 9 8       
n9ete5? ye>1 tri$ to jump into ! vault  
:5 8 fa!r's c(f9 0 l[]$4  ,!re 0 a w1   
made dur+ ,mr4 ,wickham's la/ illness1 &

 ! vic> 0 sole executor & tru/ee1 ) a   
legacy ( ,l#ejj4 ,!re 0 ample provision 
= ! y\ng] *ildr52 & ,rob]t 01 :5 ( age1 
to succe$ to a brew]y1 :i* 8 fa!r _h    
/>t$ _m ye>s previ\sly1 & :i* 0 ! mo/   
lucrative 9 ! c\nty4 ,he 0 to le>n its  
managem5t f ,james ,deane1 ! confid5tial
 cl]k1 ^: sal>y 0 to be rais$1 & to :om 
,l#ajj 0 left 9 tok5 ( ,mr4 ,wickham's  
appreciation ( 8 s]vices4 ,! ,grey      
,h\se1 & ev]y?+ 9 x1 ) ,l#bjj a ye>1 0  
to be ,mrs4 ,wickham's1 & at h] disposal
 at dea?4  ,! brew]y 0 half a mile f    
,upfield2 ,mr4 ,wickham _h built x :]e x
 w\ld n injure ! prospect1 & ,deane _h a
 pretty cottage atta*$ to x1 :]e he1 a  
wid[]1 liv$ ) 8 si/] & only *ild1 a     
daught]4 ,he 0 a ,ca?olic1 son ( a =m]  
/ew>d ( ,mr4 ,s*>d]l[e's1 & extremely   
atta*$ to ,mr4 ,wickham1 :o _h tak5 him 
:5 a boy into ! brew]y1 & advanc$ him   
/eadily4 ,he 0 a well-pr9cipl$1         
intellig5t man1 :o _h improv$ himself by
 tak+ lessons 9 geography1 gramm>1 &    
algebra1 z ! opportunities (f]$2 & he 01

 f 8 position1 well-kn[n 9 !            
neighborhood4 ,he told 8 si/] t he fe>$ 
t ,mr4 ,wickham's dea? 0 only ! beg9n+ (
 tr\ble = 8 family2 = he di/ru/$ ,mr4   
,william1 ! vic>4 ,x isn't t he's a     
di%onorable man1 ,lizzy2 b x isn't      
likely t a crack %ot1 a bold rid] aft] !
 h\nds1 a g5tleman :o is z fond ( a ball
 z anyone1 & :o takes no tr\ble ab\t 8  
own affairs1 w d ju/ice to a dead man's1
 ?\gh ,i don't d\bt he means x n[4  ,b  
:at h>m c he d1 ,james8  ,:y1 he c ru9 !
 y\ng] *ildr54 ,ev]y?+ except ! brew]y &
 :at is left to ,mrs4 ,wickham is z mu* 
9 8 p[] z x 0 9 8 uncle's4 ,i d\bt if ! 
poor de> g5tleman w\ldn't h arrang$     
diff]5tly if he'd _h long] "t3 x's an   
awful lesson to be always prep>$ = dea?2
 ,i'm sure ,i ?\ght ,mr4 ,wickham might 
live to be a hundr$4 ,no d\bt pa9 &     
sorr[ confus$ 8 m9d1 & anyh[ x 0 natural
 t he %\ld tru/ 8 own relations4  ,he _h
 bett] h tru/$ y1 ,james4  ,t 0 n to be 
expect$1 ,lizzy1 & ,i mightn't h be5 fit
 = x4 ,!re's pl5ty on my h&s4 ,x is a   

l>ge1 increas+ bus9ess1 & ,i h to tea* x
 to ,mr4 ,rob]t2 & "o c't tell h[ he'll 
take to x2 ,i've be5 afraid he w\ld be  
un/eady1 b he has tak5 8 fa!r's dea? to 
he>t uncommonly1 & ,i hope he'll try to 
be z good a man4  ,ab\t ?is "t p _h     
begun to rem>k t ,polly ,deane1 !n 9 h] 
fifte5? ye>1 0 gr[+ up a rem>kably      
pretty girl2 %e 0 an old e/abli%$ pet ( 
! ,wickhams2 h] "m _h be5 ! daught] ( a 
t5ant1 & s great a favorite t :5 %e     
m>ri$ ,deane1 ! w$d+ 0 celebrat$ at !   
,grey ,h\se4 ,:51 two ye>s lat]1 %e 0   
dy+ ( fev]1 ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,wickham       
promis$ to wat* ov] h] *ild4 ,all t #djj
 !y und]took !y c>ri$ out g5]\sly1 &    
,polly liv$ z mu* ) !m z ) ,aunt        
,lizzie1 :o did h] "p t[>d h] well--lov+
 h] fondly1 keep+ h] fre%1 heal?y1 &    
m]ry1 *eck+ h] quick temp]1 tea*+ h] h] 
pray]s1 & tak+ h] (t5 to ,mr4           
,s*>d]l[e's1 to get 8 *apla9's--,fa!r   
,arm&'s--bless+2 & :5 %e 0 old en\gh1 to
 mass & ! sacram5ts4 ,! fact ( !        
,wickhams hav+ no daught] increas$ _!   

t5d]ness = h]1 & h] fa!r 0 delight$ &   
flatt]$ by ,mrs4 ,wickham's wat*fulness 
ov] h] dress & mann]1 & ,mr4 ,wickham's 
c>e = h] education2 x 0 ! be/ t c\ld be 
_h 9 ,upfield1 & good en\gh to make h] z
 *>m+ z %e ne$ be4 ,%e did pla9 sew+    
extremely well1 & "s qua9t embroid]y (  
hide\s designs 9 wool & floss silks2 %e 
_h work$ a cat 9 t5t-/it*1 & a p>rot (  
unkn[n species 9 cross2 h] sampl] 0     
believ$ to be ! f9e/ 9 ! c\nty2 %e c\ld 
read al\d v pleasantly1 spell           
wond]fully1 write a cle>1 /iff h&1 :i*  
"o might deciph] )\t glasses at eighty2 
%e c\ld n h gone up = honors 9 gramm>1 b
 %e talk$ v prettily2 %e _h nev] _h     
occasion to write a lett]2 z to         
geography1 %e believ$ t ! _w 0 r\nd1 =  
h] fa!r & ,mr4 ,wickham said s1 & %e _h 
he>d t ,capta9 ,cook _h be5 r\nd x2 b   
only t %e 0 a%am$1 %e w\ld h lik$ to ask
 "s "o h[ x c\ld be1 & h[ x 0 f\nd out2 
x 0 su* a contradiction ( obs]vation1 if
 only because ( ! sea2 %e _h nev] se5 ! 
sea1 b %e believ$ 9 x1 & c\ld und]/&    

wat] rema9+ on level gr\nd2 !re 0 !     
horse-pond1 = in/ance1 b t ?\s&s ( miles
 ( ro>+1 angry1 deep wat] %\ld hold on  
to a r\nd _w 0 too mu* = h]4 ,y c\ld n  
puzzle h] 9 ! multiplication table1 b %e
 did n take k9dly to weights & measures4
 ,%e _h le>n$ no hi/ory1 h] fa!r c\ld n 
get a ,ca?olic to tea* h]1 & w\ld tru/  
no "o else1 b %e _h pick$ up a few facts
 & notions2 = in/ance1 %e _h he>d (     
,alfr$ ! ,great & 8 lant]ns2 ( ,/4      
,edw>d ! ,confessor1 & t he made good   
laws2 ( ,k+ ,*>les ,i41 & ^? wick$      
m5--%e fanci$ ,guy ,fawkes 0 "o ( !m--_h
 cut 8 head (f2 :5 he liv$ %e 0 n sure1 
& %e hop$ ,mr4 ,wickham w\ld nev] ask   
h]1 = %e %\ld n l to say t %e did n "k1 
& %e 0 sometimes afraid t he w\ld :5 he 
talk$ ( ,c>lo's be+ a ,k+ ,*>les        
spaniel4 ,x 0 puzzl+1 because %e        
rememb]$ ,c>lo a puppy1 & %e 0 sure t ! 
k+'s "n _h be5 ,george ev] s9ce %e 0    
born4 ,%e _h an exquisite e> = music1 & 
a voice ( great promise4 ,mr4 ,wickham 0
 passionately fond ( music1 & !re=e1    

appreciat+ peculi>ly ?is tal5t (        
,polly's1 _h engag$ a good ma/] f !     
c\nty-t[n to tea* h] to play on ! piano4
 ,%e _h pr(it$ well by 8 in/ructions1 & 
only a few days be=e ,mr4 ,wickham 0    
tak5 ill1 %e _h play$ ! accompanim5t :5 
he sang ,f ! :ite-blossom$ ?orn my de>  
,*loe reque/$1 ,o lady fair1 & ,oh life 
is a riv]1 & man is ! boat2 & he _h     
patt$ h] head & kiss$ h]1 & ask$ h] = ! 
,sl[ movem5t 9 ,artax]xes & ,! h>moni\s 
,blacksmi?1 &--%e 0 s glad--%e _h play$ 
!m )\t "o mi/ake4 ,( c\rse %e danc$1 &  
made cakes & pa/ry1 beauty-wa%es1       
eld]-w9e1 & v>i\s pres]ves & salves2    
knitt$ h] fa!r's /ock+s & h] aunt's     
mitt5s1 & read a romance :5ev] %e c\ld  
get "o1 b t 0 v r>ely4  ,! vic> made1 at
 any rate1 a good />t1 fulfill+ 8       
uncle's in/ructions exactly2 appr5tic$ 8
 second son1 ,alfr$1 to ! ,college (    
,surgeons--t 0 ! mo/ lib]al way 9 ^?    
days ( ent]+ ! m$ical pr(ession--& plac$
 him #dja to bo>d ) an old family fri5d1
 an opul5t practition]4 ,! ?ird son 0   

articl$ to an em95t attorney2 ! o!rs 7  
s5t to s*ool4 ,! void made by ! dea? (  
^? ev5 mo/ important & mo/ fondly lov$  
is soon fill$ up ext]nally2 h[ o!rwise  
c\ld ju/ice be done to ! liv+8 ,! wid[  
acquiesc$ 9 ! sep>ation f h] *ildr52 x 0
 h] husb&'s plan1 & = _! advantage4 ,%e 
0 sure %e c\ld n long survive him2 %e   
might ev5 be s9ful en\gh to wi% to die1 
b = h] sons' sakes1 %e 0 s utt]ly       
lonely4 ,!y lov$ h] truly1 ! d>l+s2 b !y
 c\ld n und]/& h]1 nev] w\ld1           
unless--:i* ,god 9 8 great m]cy =bid--!y
 ev] came to suff] z %e suff]$4 ,to lose
 su* a husb&6 s manly1 yet s t5d] &     
?\ghtful4 ,%e _h always look$ =w>d to 8 
nurs+ h] 9 h] la/ illness1 & receiv+ h] 
la/ brea?4 ,he w\ld h griev$ = h] truly1
 %e 0 sure ( t2 b he c\ld h borne x     
bett]2 he w\ld h be5 ( m use to ! boys4 
,?us %e mus$ (t51 weep+ pl5tifully2 b %e
 nev] d5i$ t %e _h _m consolations4 ,no 
"o c\ld h suit$ h] bett] ?an ,polly1 &  
%e 0 nev] m ?an a day or two abs5t f h]4
 ,!y 7 alike 9 "*--simple1              

self-sacrific+1 & affectionate 9 an     
uncommon degree4 ,polly's c>esses seldom
 fail$ to ar\se h]2 ! g5tle girl felt h[
 mu* m %e c\ld h done _h ,mrs4 ,wickham 
be5 accessible to ! com=t 9 :i* h] own1 
! de> old fai?1 ab\nd$2 & pray$ daily t 
x might soon be h]s1 & did h] be/4 ,%e  
nev] attempt$ direct consolation1 b     
int]e/$ ! m\rn] 9 "s trifle1 or coax$ h]
 into conv]sation or employm5t4         
,sometimes %e really c\ld n arrange "s  
ob/9ate fl[]s2 sometimes h] "w 0 all    
wrong1 & no "o b ,mrs4 ,wickham c\ld %[ 
h] h[ to put x "r1 & ,m>y ,hodge's baby 
ought to h ! g>m5t t ev5+4 ,once1 :5 all
 h] +5uity fail$1 %e 0 actually delight$
 by ,betty's runn+ 9 ) h] d>l+ kitt51   
wet to ! sk91 j sav$ out ( ! wat]-butt2 
,mrs4 ,wickham dri$ h] eyes1 & piti$ x1 
& wat*$ ,polly wip+ x1 & arrang+ a      
cu%ion inside ! f5d] = x2 & at la/ smil$
 at ! ende>+ nons5se %e talk$1 & told h]
 %e 0 m ?an a "m to x4  ,rob]t 0 q      
/eady2 regul> at ! brew]y1 pleasant at  
home4 ,( c\rse x w\ld h be5 dull = him  

)\t ,polly3 h] y\?1 beauty1 & si/]ly    
at-hom5ess made a gl[ 9 ! de> old h\se4 
,did he or 8 "m ev] calculate on :at 0  
likely to come ( t ne> companion%ip8    
,no3 _! actual life engross$ !m4 ,he    
fir/ drew 8 "m to look on :ile he &     
,polly play$ cribbage or backgammon1 &  
!n to play h]self a little4 ,he took 9 !
 ,g5tleman's ,magaz9e1 & %[$ h] ! curi\s
 old pr9ts1 & read ! odds & ends ( news 
al\d4 ,music 0 un5durable to h] = "s    
mon?s2 b %e conqu]$ h]self by degrees1 &
 came to enjoy x4 ,!n ,rob]t & ,polly   
sang e ev5+1 %e play+ ! accompanim5ts4  
,summ] br\ght ! boys home = holidays1 & 
t did good4 ,:5 ! anniv]s>y ( ! fa!r's  
dea? came r\nd1 its melan*oly           
associations press$ evid5tly on ! wid[1 
& %e sp5t ! great] portion ( ! day 9 h] 
room2 b %e 0 resign$1 & bett] ?an ^? :o 
wat*$ h] lov+ly expect$ h] to be4  ,!   
great feature ( ^? ,*ri/mas holidays 0  
,alfr$'s return 9 an alt]$ "*4 ,he _h   
left ,upfield a l\t--! despair ( 8 "m & 
! maids2 :o 7 ! m provok$1 because he 0 

und5iably ! h&some/ ( ! family4 ,to keep
 him clean1 or make him put on 8 clo!s  
prop]ly1 _h be5 impossible4 ,he _h cr$it
 = tal5t2 =1 :5 suffici5tly excit$1 he  
wrote :at 7 deem$ wond]fully pretty #djb
 v]ses1 & he 0 quick at rep>tee &       
s>casm2 b he _h be5 9 p]petual disgrace 
at s*ool1 & sil5t & awkw>d--sulky z a   
be>1 8 bro!rs call$ him at home4 ,he    
made a great s5sation on ! fir/ ev5+ ( 8
 return f ,london3 he 0 flu5t 9         
conv]sation1 p]fectly well dress$1      
&--*ief m>vel--_h clean1 c>efully-%ap$  
nails4 ,polly smil$1 wond]$1 & said to  
h]self t he 0 really v h&some1 & sang   
beautifully4 ,all ! ,wickhams sang1 b   
none ( !m1 %e ?\ght1 c\ld be comp>$ to  
him4 ,! *ange 0 n agreeable to ,rob]t1 &
 he %[$ x2 grumbl$ 9 an und]tone ab\t   
fops2 & ask$ 8 bro!r if he c\ld play    
cricket or quoits1 or skate1 or take a  
five-b>r$ gate1 or %oot snipe4  ,alfr$  
yawn$1 & repli$3  ,my de> ,bob1 don't y 
rememb] t ,i 0 nev] fond ( tr\ble8 ,^?  
r\gh amusem5ts are v well = c\ntry      

g5tlem5 & f>m]s2 & ,i give !m up to !m )
 all my he>t4 ,z to skat+1 y none ( y "k
 any?+ ab\t x2 y %\ld see ! g5tlem51 &  
elegant ladies too1 cutt+ out fl[]s1 &  
o!r complicat$ figures1 on ! ,s]p5t9e4  
,!n address+ himself to 8 "m &          
,polly--,rob]t's c\nt5ance l[]+ z he    
obs]v$ ! innoc5t girl's natural int]e/ 9
 su*-topics--he talk$ ab\t ! la/        
draw+-room & ! fa%ionable plays4 ,he _h 
se5 ,! ,s*ool = ,sc&al & ,! ,haunt$     
,t[]1 at ,drury ,lane2 ,o!llo & ,!      
,consci\s ,lov]s1 at ,cov5t ,g>d51 & he 
recit$--really well--"s ( ! t5d]        
passages 9 ,o!llo4 ,next he describ$ !  
ly+-9-/ate ( ! ,duke ( ,cumb]l&2 ! trial
 & execution ( ,jobb9s & ,l[e = arson2 !
 rec5t /orms1 :i* _h n t\*$ ,upfield1 b 
_h be5 t]rible else:]e--*imneys kill+ p 
9 _! b$s1 ! lightn+ fl[+ l a /ream (    
fluid f a glas%\se4 ,& no "o int]rupt$  
him1 till ,rob]t said1 savagely3  ,t    
fell[ w talk u all deaf4  ,n ?is "t1    
,bob3 y & ,i w s+ ',love 9 ?9e eyes' n[4
 ,i "k ,polly w play = u4  ,!y did x2   

,alfr$ direct+ ! s5tim5t to h]1 s z to  
make h] feel %y & uncom=table1 & 8 bro!r
 v[+ inw>dly t he'd give t puppy a good 
?ra%+ be=e he w5t back to ,london1 if he
 didn't m9d :at he 0 ab\t4  ,alfr$ _h   
se5 a good deal ( :at c\ntry folk call  
f9]y 9 ,london2 b he decl>$ t breakfa/  
at home 0 unrivall$1 p>ticul>ly 9 w9t]4 
,!re 0 ! sup]b fire ( coal & oak blocks1
 ?r[+ a gl[ on ! massive family plate & 
f9e1 spotless damask3 su* a silv] urn & 
teapot 7 n (t5 se54 ,fur!r1 ! "y        
g5tleman inh]it$ a family pr$ilection = 
an abundant %[ ( vi&s2 lik$ to see--z 0 
usual at an ev]yday breakfa/ !re--a ham 
j cut1 a cold turkey1 r\nd ( beef1 &    
delicate cle> honey1 ) o!r sweet ?+s1 = 
:i* 8 "m's h\sekeep+ 0 fam$4 ,?is 0 n   
all4 ,! room =m$ "o side ( a light angle
 9 ! picturesque old h\se1 & f two sides
 ( ! table "o c\ld see a magnific5t     
pyrocan?us1 ! contra/ betwe5 its sc>let 
b]ries & ! table-clo? positively        
delici\s4  ,rob]t & ,alfr$ l+]$ "o morn+
 aft] ! re/ ( ! family _h left ?is room4

 ,alfr$ 0 consid]+ t x might be possible
 to enjoy life 9 ! c\ntry2 ,rob]t 0     
wat*+ him1 half-curi\sly1 half-jeal\sly3
 he did n believe t 8 bro!r 0 h&som] ?an
 himself2 b he dete/$ ! ease ( mann] &  
ready wit t gave him asc5dancy          
disproportion$ to 8 ye>s4 ,he ?rew      
himself back 9 a l>ge arm*air1 /ret*$ 8 
legs1 & said3 ,i'm n sure t ,i don't    
envy y1 ,bob1 aft] all4  ,y\r           
condesc5sion is great c]ta9ly4 ,h y be5 
all ?is "t f9d+ out t x is a good ?+ to 
be ,george ,wickham's elde/ son8  #djc  
,ah1 yes6--elde/ son4 ,well1 x's a com=t
 = ! y\ng] ones t !re's no sup]ior m]it 
9 be+ born fir/4 ,b ,i'm n go+ to       
philosophize2 x's too mu* tr\ble1 & n   
y\r l9e4 ,b1 really1 to breakfa/ "h e   
morn+ 9 all ?is spl5did com=t1 !        
prettie/ & g5tle/ ( mo!rs press+ y to   
eat & dr9k m ?an is good = y2 & t lovely
 fairy1 ,polly--t p]fect ,hebe --flitt+ 
ab\t--is m ?an ev5 an elde/ son ought to
 enjoy4 ,h[ sorry y w be next ye>1 :5 y 
come ( age1 unless--& he look$ se>*+ly1 

?r\gh half-clos$ eyes1 at ,bob4  ,:y1   
pray8 ,& unless :at8  ,only t ,i        
conclude y w !n set up a h\se ( y\r own1
 unless-- z x is evid5t my "m c\ld n "p 
f pretty ,polly--unless y arrange to    
live "h1 & m>ry our pet4  ,/range flu%+s
 & pal5esses pass$ ov] ,rob]t's face1 & 
he _h to ma/] a *ok+ 9 8 ?roat & heav+ (
 8 *e/ be=e he spoke4 ,he _h nev] _h 8  
hidd5 feel+s put into words be=e--he _h 
n ev5 any def9ite int5tion ab\t ! "y    
girl :om 8 eye foll[$ /eal?ily e :]e1 & 
^: voice1 ! ru/l+ ( ^: dress ev51 0     
music to him4 ,he only knew t he %\ld   
?rottle any "o :o laid a f+] on h]4 ,he 
_h n guess$ t any "o connect$ him ) h]1 
ev5 9 ?\ght2 & n[ "h 0 all t 0 mo/      
secret & sacr$ 9 8 he>t dragg$ out1 &   
held mock+ly be=e him by a boy two ye>s 
y\ng] ?an himself4 ,x seem$ to him h\rs 
in/ead ( seconds be=e he spoke1 & 8     
voice _h ! passionate tremul\sness :i*  
betrays great int]ior tumult2 he 0 sure 
t he %\ld say some?+ he w\ld r n say1 b 
consci\s e mom5t's delay gave an        

advantage to 8 abhorr$ torm5tor4 ,)\t   
rais+ 8 eyes1 he said ho>sely1 ,!       
,wickhams are pr\d--!y don't make l[    
m>riages4  ,^u my ^w1 ,bob1 return$ 8   
bro!r patroniz+ly1 ,i respect y2 ,i did 
n give y cr$it = s mu* good s5se4 ,!    
girl's a p]fect beauty1 no d\bt4 ,:at a 
s5sation %e'd make 9 ,london6 ,b1 aft]  
all1 %e's our s]vant's daught]1 & old   
,molly ,br[n's gr&*ild4 ,!n1 aga91 t    
unlucky religion ( h]s6 ,! ,s*>d]l[es   
?r[ a respectability ov] x "h1 = !y are 
well-born & weal?y1 b any:]e else x w\ld
 be extremely awkw>d = y4 ,i confess ,i 
_h a motive = s\nd+ y4 ,f>m] ,briggs's  
elde/ son h9t$ to me ye/]day t he %\ld  
be happy to lay ,we/ ,hill at ,polly's  
feet4  ,he 's an insol5t rascal6 said   
,rob]t furi\sly4  ,my de>e/ ,bob1 :y8 ,!
 poor fell[ has eyes1 & uses !m2 & "o   
w\ld n wi% our ,hebe to be an old maid4 
,i say1 reit]at$ ,rob]t1 deadly pale1 & 
/amp+1 he's an insol5t rascal2 & if ,i  
cat* him com+ to ?is h\se ,i'll tell him
 s4 ,a ru/ic boor l t to h9t at m>ry+ a 

girl :o has always be5 my p>5ts' pet1 & 
is my "m's favorite companion--  ,he    
/opp$ abruptly2 & 8 bro!r1 :o 0 a p]fect
 mimic1 cont9u$ 9 precisely 8 tone1 ,&  
is s de> to ,rob]t ,wickham1 t he w n   
he> h] "n c\pl$ ) ano!r man's--  ,he _h 
gone too f>2 ,rob]t's indignation boil$ 
ov]--he sprang at him--& be=e he _h "t  
to /ir1 /ruck him a bl[ betwe5 ! eyes1  
:i* br\ght sp>ks f !m1 & blood f 8 nose4
 ,a cra% & /ruggle foll[$1 :i* ,polly   
he>d4 ,%e ran to ! room1 anticipat+ no?+
 m ?an t "s ( ! l>ge dogs1 privileg$ to 
roam ab\t ! h\se1 7 qu>rell+ ov] ! cold 
meat4 ,amaz$1 beyond all p[] ( words1 %e
 /ood sil5t & v pale4 ,!n1 feel+1 "y z  
%e 01 in/9ctive womanly p[] ov] !       
disgrac$ "y m51 & hold+ h]self #djd s   
erect t %e look$ a head tall] ?an usual1
 %e said1 coldly & firmly1 ,i am a%am$ (
 y6  ,by t "t !y 7 a%am$ ( !mselves4    
,alfr$1 cov]+ 8 disfigur$ face ) 8      
h&k]*ief1 left ! room sl[ly4 ,rob]t1 :o 
_h receiv$ no visible hurt1 ?rew up a   
sa%1 jump$ out1 & :5 he turn$ to %ut !  

w9d[1 look$ e>ne/ly & sadly at ,polly1 s
 z to br+ a /range unwelcome s5sation to
 h] he>t4  ,!re 0 an awkw>dness at d9n] 
t day4 ,polly _h remov$ ! traces ( !    
fray1 & kept h] c\nsel2 b ,alfr$'s      
features defi$ concealm5t4 ,he /ay$ 9 8 
room ) raw beef on !m1 & mutton-bro? &  
b>ley-wat] = 8 regim54 ,8 "m & ,betty   
c\ld get no?+ out ( him b t ,bob 0 a    
fool1 & _h lick$ him = teas+ him4 ,he 0 
by no means giv5 to rep5tance2 b 8      
bruises1 & a message f ! vic>1 desir+ to
 see him e>ly next morn+1 l$ him to !   
conclusion t he _h bett] h kept 8 tongue
 )9 8 tee?4 ,he 0 suffici5tly humbl$ to 
receive sil5tly unusually sev]e repro(s 
f 8 gu>dian1 :o _h in=m$ him t he _h s5t
 = him 9 ord] to avoid ! risk ( pa9+ 8  
excell5t "m4 ,x 0 n only t he knew all t
 ,betty c\ld tell ( ! r[ betwe5 !       
bro!rs1 & t he d5\nc$ ! ruffianl9ess (  
brawl+ 9 a wid[$ "m's h\se1 b t ,mr4    
,kemp1 9 ^: h\se 9 ,london he liv$1 _h  
inclos$ bills ( disgraceful am\nt1 9 a  
lett] compla9+ t ,alfr$'s ta/e =        

pleasure ?reat5$ to be 8 ru92 & regrett+
 t ju/ice to 8 own family compell$ him  
to decl9e reta9+ him z an inmate aft] ! 
approa*+ midsumm]4 ,! "y man's unusual  
p[] ( pleas+1 he said1 made 8 example   
peculi>ly dang]\s4  ,& n[1 said ! vic>1 
,i ask y if y\r he>t is n t\*$ by !     
?\ght ( ! pa9 t ?is lett] w\ld give y\r 
dead fa!r1 7 he liv+2 & if y c\ld be>   
y\r "m to "k x8 ,x is only = h] sake t  
,i sp>e y4 ,i w beg ,mr4 ,kemp to       
retract 8 resolution to dismiss y1 if y 
become /eadi]1 & ,i %all *>ge him to let
 x be kn[n t ,i w n pay any bills t     
exce$ ! limit ( y\r v h&some all[ance3 &
 ,i w>n y t my natural eas9ess &        
indol5ce %all n prev5t my be+ sev]e if y
 require x4 ,z to ! affair ye/]day1 ,i  
%all n inquire into x2 b ,i w>n y t !   
recurr5ce ( any?+ s disgraceful %all    
prev5t y\r sp5d+ y\r vacations at home2 
& ,i am sorry to say to "o ( my good    
uncle's sons1 t ,i am glad he mu/ return
 to t[n ! day aft] to-morr[4  ,alfr$ 0  
surpris$ & al>m$1 & made pr(essions (   

p5it5ce1 & promises ( am5dm5t4    ,!re 0
 a visible *ange !nce=w>d 9 ,rob]t4 ,he 
became m manly 9 8 be>+2 & v>iable 9 8  
mann] to ,polly1 say+ ev5 at times v %>p
 ?+s to h]4 ,! sweet-temp]$ girl gave no
 provocation1 & felt no res5tm5t2 b hid 
sometimes a te>4 ,%e did n l to         
displease any "o :om ,mrs4 ,wickham     
lov$4 ,rob]t att5d$ to bus9ess1 took 8  
prop] place 9 society1 & 0 popul>2 & %e 
felt x a relief :5 he 0 out1 & %e _h n  
to play = him4 ,x 0 )9 ?ree mon?s ( 8   
tw5ty-fir/ bir?day1 :51 on "o ( !       
frequ5t occasions ( 8 d9+ ) ! vic>1 t   
g5tleman ask$ him :at 7 8 plans4 ,he    
repli$ t he hadn't any4  ,b1 my de> boy1
 my au?ority ov] y is ne> its end1 & s  
is y\r en=c$ resid5ce ) y\r "m4 ,x is "t
 to ?9k :]e y w live4  ,i don't ?9k my  
"m w turn me out4  ,no2 b z h] all[ance 
= y ceases ) y\r m9ority1 y mu/1 9      
fairness to h]1 ei!r contribute to #dje 
! h\sehold income1 or get a home ( y\r  
own4  ,i don't anticipate any difficulty
 ab\t x4  ,m]ton ,paddocks is to be let1

 cont9u$ ,william4 ,x is a nice little  
place1 & suitable to y 9 _m ways4 ,if y 
let x slip1 y may regret x4 ,y\r m>ry+  
is to be calculat$ on1 & 9 t ev5t y\r   
liv+ ) y\r "m might n be agreeable to   
all p>ties4  ,i don't ?9k ( m>ry+4  ,oh1
 nons5se6 e man's turn comes2 & :y %\ld 
y escape8  ,z y escap$1 p]haps4         
,me6--"o old ba*elor 9 a family is en\gh
 9 two g5]ations2 & my case may n be    
ob/9ate4 ,i'm n actually too old4  ,may 
,i ask :om y ?9k ( elevat+ to ! vic>age8
 ask$ ,rob]t1 laugh+2 b !re 0 a pause   
:i*1 he c\ld n imag9e :y1 made him      
uncom=table1 be=e 8 c\s9 said3  ,i h    
?\ght ( ,polly--d y =bid ! banns8  ,!   
room seem$ turn+ r\nd ) ,rob]t2 b he    
swall[$ a glass ( w9e ha/ily1 & said1 z 
c>elessly z he c\ld1 ,t *ild6  ,*ild6 ,i
 don't "k--%e's sev5te51 & ,i'm         
?irty-two--! diff]5ce !re 0 betwe5 y\r  
p>5ts' ages :5 !y m>ri$2 & ,polly is two
 ye>s old] ?an y\r "m 0 !n4  ,p]haps    
,i'm no judge ( ! matt]1 ,william1 b z y
 h broa*$ ! subject1 excuse me if ,i ask

 if y h any notion t ,polly is atta*$ to
 y4  ,none :atev]2 b any man c m>ry any 
woman provid$ he h a fair field & no    
favor4 ,:at has really kept me d\btful  
has be5 a di/9ct difficulty ab\t pretty 
,polly's bir?4 ,x is awkw>d2 & !        
,wickhams h always be5 s5sitive on su*  
po9ts2 b ,i've ne>ly resolv$ to         
sacrifice pride to ,polly's *>ms4 ,h]   
beauty & grace w\ld adorn any position2 
& z soon z my gu>dian%ip1 & consequ5t   
bus9ess relations ) h] fa!r1 ceases1 ,i 
%all probably ask my aunt's cons5t &    
bless+4 ,x w be great promotion = h]    
pet1 & insure h] hav+ h] ne> h] = life4 
,mean:ile1 ,bob1 ,i rely on y\r sil5ce4 
,c]ta9ly4  ,poor ,rob]t6 ,"h 0 "o ( 8   
own family see+ no difficulty ab\t m>ry+
 ! girl ( :om he _h spok5 z b5ea?       
himself6 ano!r man talk+ ) assurance (  
be+ ,polly's husb& z soon z he ?\ght    
fit6 :ile he1 :o _h be5 dome/icat$ ) h] 
f h] infancy--_h nev] d>$ to give h] a  
playful kiss s9ce !y _h ceas$ to be     
*ildr5--_h nev] v5tur$ on ! lea/        

demon/ration ( ! fondness t torm5t$ him 
= expression4 ,he made an excuse to g   
home e>ly2 walk$ 9 ! %rubb]y1 wret*$ &  
irresolute1 till midnight2 w5t to 8     
room1 ?rew himself undress$ on ! b$1 _h 
"s uneasy sleep1 rose e>ly1 walk$ aga91 
& appe>$ at breakfa/ hagg>d & irritable4
 ,8 "m obs]v$ x1 & 0 di/ress$4 ,he _h   
sat up too late1 he said2 &1 = once1    
,william's w9e 0 bad4 ,he w\ld n g to ! 
brew]y t day2 b1 if %e lik$1 he w\ld    
drive h] & ,polly 9 ! phaeton to        
,l>*ton1 & !y c\ld give ,betty a treat  
by tak+ h]4 ,%e 0 always glad to visit  
h] native place1 & he knew %e _h n be5  
!re = a long "t4 ,8 "m 0 will+4 ,l>*ton 
0 a two h\rs' drive2 & !y put up !      
horses !re4  ,mrs4 ,wickham & ,betty w5t
 to see "s old p2 & ,rob]t propos$ to   
,polly to take a walk4 ,%e rememb]$     
aft]w>d t %e _h _h an unusual feel+ ab\t
 t walk4 ,!y _h (t5 walk$ toge!r be=e1 z
 a bro!r & si/] might4  ,= ! fir/ "t1   
h[ev]1 ,rob]t said1 ,take my arm1       
,polly4  ,%e took x2 & !y proce$$ 9     

sil5ce 9 ! fields = "s m9utes4  ,!n he  
said abruptly1 ,d y #djf ev] ?9k ( gett+
 m>ri$1 ,polly8  ,no1 %e repli$ ) an    
innoc5t laugh2 :at w\ld ,mrs4 ,wickham d
 )\t me8  ,& d y expect nev] to love any
 "o bett] ?an my "m8  ,i really don't   
?9k x w\ld be possible4  ,b1 ,polly1    
y're n a *ild4 ,y "k !re's a            
diff]5t--love ! love my fa!r _h = my "m4
  ,i h nev] ?\ght ab\t x1 %e said       
c>elessly4  ,h] mann] gave him c\rage2 x
 0 s easy & unconsci\s4 ,tak+ ! little  
h& t 0 on 8 arm1 & hold+ x s firmly t he
 c\ld n feel h] ef=t to )draw x1 he w5t 
on3 ,polly1 ,i made an excuse to come "h
 t ,i might talk to y )\t int]ruption4  
,! love t my fa!r _h = my "m1 ,i h = y4 
,i _c tell :5 x began2 b ,i fir/ knew h[
 /rong x 0 :5 ,alfr$ came home fir/ f   
,london4 ,i 0 madly jeal\s ( him because
 he 0 =w>d & ,i 0 ba%ful4 ,d y rememb] !
 morn+ y f\nd u fight+ 9 !              
breakfa/-p>lor8 ,he _h provok$ me s mu* 
by some?+ t he said ab\t y1 t ,i c\ld n 
help /rik+ him4 ,i don't "k :at ,i might

 h done if y hadn't come 9 !n2 & ,i've  
nev] be5 happy s9ce4 ,i've be5          
irritable1 & sometimes1 ,i "k1 cross &  
disagreeable4 ,some?+ occurr$ la/ night 
:i* ,i c't tell y n[--,i may ano!r      
"t--:i* made me wret*$2 & ,i made up my 
m9d ?is morn+ to put myself out (       
susp5se1 & ask y1 ,polly1 to be my wife4
  ,he _h be5 too full ( 8 /ory to look  
at h] :ile he 0 speak+1 b he look$ !n   
eag]ly = h] answ]4 ,he c\ld n read !    
lovely c\nt5ance :i* new & v>i\s feel+s 
made diff]5t f any?+ he _h ev] se54 ,!  
s(t eyelids d[n1 ! la%es moi/1 ! lips   
trembl+1 ! flu% s deep t x w\ld h spoil$
 a less delicate sk94 ,%e 0 surpris$ to 
f9d h[ mu* he lov$ h]2 grateful to him2 
sorry %e _h made him unhappy1 & believ$ 
him ill-temp]$4 ,!n came a rapid ?\ght (
 h[ h&some he 02 b1 sweep+ ev]y?+ away1 
p]plexity foll[$4 ,:at w\ld ,mrs4       
,wickham & h] fa!r wi% h] to d8 ,:at    
w\ld ,fa!r ,arm& say8  ,rob]t c\ld n    
guess all ?is2 & !re 0 almo/ agony 9 8  
voice z he said1 ,oh1 ,polly1 ,polly1 d 

speak to me6  ,%e made a great ef=t1 &  
repli$1 ,i don't "k :at to say1 or :at  
,i ought to d6  ,say1 at any rate1 t y  
don't dislike me4  ,oh1 no6 %e said     
readily1 almo/ laugh+ to ?9k t he c\ld  
suppose t possible4  ,"o ?+ m1 ,polly2 d
 y pref] any "o else8  ,%e hesitat$ a   
m9ute1 = h] quick wit told h] t ! "q    
involv$ a great deal2 b %e answ]$       
firmly1 ?\gh %yly1 ,no2 ,i d n4         
,di/ru/ful z he _h be5 ( 8 p[] to please
 h]1 ?is 0 en\gh = ! "t to make him     
almo/ beside himself ) delight4  ,he    
said ,god bless y6 he>tily2 & 0 sil5t   
a:ile because he c\ld n comm& 8 voice4  
,he resum$1 ,z to y\r 'ought to d1'     
don't say any?+ to any "o till ,i've    
spok5 to my "m4 ,we'll g & look = h] n[4
 ,he talk$ a great deal ( nons5se on !  
way1 & ,polly said v little !n1 or dur+ 
! drive4 ,%e 0 a%am$ to look at ,mrs4   
,wickham1 & 0 glad t h] att5tion 0 drawn
 f h] to ,rob]t4 ,he t\*$ up ! "y horses
 s wildly1 t %e decl>$ he %\ld nev]     
drive h] aga91 if he did n behave bett]4

 ,directly !y got home1 he told h] t he 
want$ to speak to h] t mom5t alone2 & he
 p\r$ out 8 /ory4 ,su* an old1 old /ory6
 ,s l :at h] own dead & buri$ ,george _h
 told h] long1 long ago4 ,%e /& 9 ! way 
( an innoc5t love1 & betwe5 two ( !     
creatures de>e/ to h] on e>?6 ,%e w\ld  
be v glad #djg to h ,polly z a          
daught]--%e lov$ h] z "o4 ,z to pride & 
su* nons5se1 p :o _h lov$ & lo/1 z %e   
_h1 knew all its pr(\nd folly4 ,polly's 
beauty & goodness might make any husb&  
pr\d1 any home happy4 ,z to ,william1   
!re 0 no inju/ice done him4 ,9 ! fir/   
place1 %e 0 sure t ,polly c\ld nev] be  
br\ght to ?9k ( him z a husb&4 ,%e look$
 on him z q an old man--he 0 gett+ v    
bald2 & 9 ! next place1 if he _h _h any 
real love = h]1 he c\ld n h spok5 s     
coolly & confid5tly ( w9n+ h]4 ,rob]t   
said t ! la/ obs]vation 0 corroborat$ by
 8 own exp]i5ce1 & t 8 "m 0 a rem>kably 
s5sible woman4 ,!reupon %e smil$1 &     
kiss$ & bless$ him1 & advis$ him to g   
directly & tell ! simple tru? to ! vic>4

  ,polly1 mean:ile1 sat alone 9 h]      
pretty b$room--h] face buri$ 9 h] h&s1  
h] ri* gold5 hair unb\nd & fall+ loosely
 ov] h] %\ld]s1 dread+ to g d[n to d9n]4
 ,n t %e 0 a%am$ ( de>1 de> ,mrs4       
,wickham4 ,no2 %e c\ld ?r[ h] arms ar\nd
 h] neck & hide h] face !re1 & make h] a
 confidante )\t any fe> ( be+ repuls$2 b
 h[ c\ld %e look at ,rob]t1 mu* less    
speak to him8 & ( c\rse ! s]vant w\ld   
see & und]/& all ab\t x4 ,%e wi%$ %e    
might /ay 9 h] room4 ,if %e _h b a      
heada*e6 b %e 0 really p]fectly well2 & 
false excuses %e nev] dream$ ( mak+4    
,rob]t w\ld be talk+ to h] aga9 z he _h 
talk$ 9 ! fields4 ,really1 really %e did
 n "k :at to say to him4 ,inde$ %e _h   
nev] ?\ght ( gett+ m>ri$4 ,%e _h look$  
=w>d to liv+ betwe5 ! ,grey ,h\se & h]  
fa!r's1 belov$ & welcome 9 bo?2 add+ to 
8 & ,mrs4 ,wickham's happ9ess m & m z !y
 grew old] & want$ great] c>e4 ,:y c\ld 
n ?is g on1 ) only ! diff]5ce t ,rob]t  
%\ld nev] be displeas$ ) h]8 ,t _h made 
h] unhappy4 ,%e did l him v mu*2 bett]  

?an any "o1 next to h] fa!r & ,mrs4     
,wickham2 bett] ?an good old ,aunt      
,lizzy4 ,he 0 v h&some1 & sang well1 & s
 att5tive to 8 "m2 & ev] s9ce 8 fa!r's  
dea? he _h be5 q fond ( home4 ,h[ c\ld  
he ev] h suppos$ t %e pref]r$ any "o    
else8 ,b z to be+ 8 wife--he 0 a        
,prote/ant4 ,h[ %e %\ld feel 8 nev] go+ 
to mass ) h]1 8 ?9k+ confession useless1
 8 n believ+ 9 ! de> ,"l 9 ! ,bless$    
,sacram5t6 ,%e _h (t5 felt x h>d t      
conv]sation ab\t ^! ?+s mu/ be avoid$ 9 
! de> ,grey ,h\se1 & t h] fri5ds !re1   
fond z !y 7 ( h]1 wi%$ h] religion      
diff]5t4 ,if %e m>ri$ ,rob]t1 x w\ld be 
worse1 = %e %\ld love him bett] ?an any 
"o on e>? !n2 h] anxiety ab\t 8         
salvation w\ld be s great z to make h] q
 wret*$1 & he might n l h] to talk to   
him ab\t x4 ,f h] e>lie/ *ildhood1 %e   
pray$ = ! conv]sion ( ! ,wickhams4 ,%e  
began by say+ "o ,hail ,m>y daily = !   
int5tion2 & s9ce %e _h be5 old]1 %e _h  
said _m nov5as1 & (f]$ _m communions =  
x4 ,%e really did n ?9k h] fa!r w\ld    

give 8 cons5t2 & ,fa!r ,arm& w\ld at any
 rate look grave & sad4 ,%e _h he>d him 
tell pitiful /ories ( ! unhapp9ess t _h 
come ( mix$ m>riages among p]sons :om he
 knew4 ,%e did feel truly unhappy4 ,%e  
walk$ to h] w9d[2 %e c\ld see !nce de>  
v5]able ,edw>d's ,hall1 & knew exactly  
:]e ! *apel 04 ,%e knelt d[n1 fix+ h]   
eyes !re1 & h] he>t on h] div9e ,"l 9 ! 
tab]nacle1 & ask$ him t1 = ! love ( 8   
bless$ "m1 he w\ld help & direct h]1 &  
conv]t h] fri5ds4  ,rob]t _h n expect$  
to feel x =midable to tell 8 /ory to 8  
c\s91 & he 0 equally griev$ & surpris$  
by ! way 9 :i* he receiv$ x4 ,he *ang$  
c\nt5ance s t he look$ t5 ye>s old]2    
walk$ rapidly up & d[n ! room2 #djh ?rew
 himself into a great *air1 & buri$ 8   
face 9 8 h&s2 ask$ ,rob]t to r+2 ord]$  
%]ry1 & drank sev]al glasses4 ,rob]t1   
utt]ly my/ifi$1 0 try+ to say some?+    
soo?+1 :5 he int]rupt$ him4  ,my de>    
fell[1 ,i'm n simply love-sick2 b       
circum/ances1 :i* ,i w expla9 ano!r "t1 
d make ?is a t]rible %ock to me4 ,i h   

be5 su* a fool6 ,to any "o b myself1 y\r
 fall+ 9 love ) ,polly w\ld h seem$ !   
mo/ natural ?+ 9 ! _w2 b ,i 0 bl9d$1    
/ultifi$1 z m5 :o h--nev] m9d n[--g     
away--,i'm n fit to talk--,i w call or  
write to y tomorr[4 ,blame y6 ,c]ta9ly  
n4 ,give my love to y\r "m & ,polly4    
,god bless y all6  ,next morn+ e>ly came
 a note /at+ t he 0 go+ f home = a few  
days2 & t if he did n return1 he w\ld   
expla9 himself fully 9 ! foll[+ week4   
,wor?y ( a pe]age z ,polly ,deane seem$ 
to ,rob]t1 he c\ld n be ignorant t to   
m>ry him 0 great promotion = h]2 & ?\gh 
delicacy 9 h] reg>d1 & real respect = h]
 fa!r1 made him ask 8 cons5t ) ! utmo/  
def]5ce1 he felt t ?is 0 a m]e matt] (  
good mann]s4  ,mr4 ,deane 0 visibly     
gratifi$2 said t he c\ld nev] h expect$ 
a proposal s complim5t>y to 8 *ild1 ?\gh
 he might be p>don$ = say+ t he ?\ght   
any "o might be pr\d ( h]4 ,8           
obligations to ! ,wickham family 7 ( _m 
ye>s' /&+2 9 fact1 he ow$ ev]y?+ to ,mr4
 ,wickham4 ,he c\ld nev]1 mak+ all due  

all[ance = ,polly's beauty & goodness1  
express h[ honor$ he felt himself & h]  
on t occasion2 b--& he made a long pause
 9 evid5t difficulty h[ to express      
himself2 & ,rob]t 0 mute ) surprise &   
al>m4  ,b is x possible1 ,mr4 ,rob]t1 t 
,mrs4 ,wickham & y don't see "o v great 
objection8  ,9 ! "n ( heav51 :at is x8  
gasp$ ,rob]t4  ,:y1 surely1 sir1 ! de>  
*ild's religion4  ,n[ is x possible1    
,deane1 t y ?9k we w\ld ev] int]f]e ) t8
 ,h we ev] done s by ^w1 or look1 or    
de$1 9 all ! ye>s we've kn[n y8 ,h n y1 
ev] s9ce y came into ?is bus9ess1 be5   
free to obs]ve y\r holy days 9 y\r own  
way8 ,h we n always be5 ready--ev5 :5 my
 "m's spirits 7 at ! l[e/--to sp>e      
,polly to g to mass or confession8 ,i am
 really hurt1 & feel t we don't des]ve  
?is8  ,x is all true1 ,mr4 ,rob]t1 & !  
,"l rew>d y1 z he w2 b don't y see x    
might be diff]5t--,i don't say t x w\ld2
 b ,i'm b\nd to d my be/ = my girl's s\l
 no less ?an h] body--if %e 0 y\r wife1 
& s completely 9 y\r p[]8 ,!re's no d\bt

 t a "y man 9 love w promise any?+1 &   
mean to keep 8 ^w too2 b ours is a      
despis$ religion 7,god be prais$ = x6'72
 x is "o among _m signs t x is ! true   
"o2 & y might come to be a%am$ t "o s   
ne> & de> to y belong$ to x1 & t w\ld   
bre$ great unhapp9ess4 ,!n1 aga91 y     
might h *ildr51 & ,i %\ld n d>e give my 
cons5t to _! be+ re>$ ,prote/ants4      
,p]haps1 if "s ance/or ( y\rs _h be5    
firm 9 su* a case z ?is1 y & y\rs might 
be /ill ( ! old fai?4  ,i'm sure1 z f> z
 ,i'm conc]n$1 ,deane1 ,i wi% we 74 ,no 
"o w g to heav51 if ,polly doesn't2 & ! 
religion t w\ld take h] !re c't be bad =
 any "o4 ,%e might make a ,ca?olic ( me4
  ,god grant x1 sir2 b don't y see t ,i 
mu/ n act on *ance8 ,if ! *ild 0 break+ 
h] he>t = y1 &--smil+--x's n come to t  
yet1 ,i c\ld n let h] risk h] s\l1 &    
p]haps h] *ildr5's s\ls4  ,look "h1 ,mr4
 ,deane3 ,i'm q ready to give y a writt5
 promise #dji t ,i w nev] int]f]e 9 any 
way ) ,polly's practis+ h] religion1 & t
 all h] *ildr5--boys z well z           

girls--%all be br\ght up 9 x2 & ,i'm    
sure my "m w make no difficulty4  ,y _c 
say m1 ,mr4 ,rob]t2 b /ill1 if y please1
 ,i w take a week to ?9k ! matt] ov]1 & 
talk ab\t x to ,fa!r ,arm& & ,polly1 & =
 t "t ,i ?9k %e'd bett] come home4 ,%e  
mu/ feel awkw>d 9 ! same h\se ) y "u    
pres5t circum/ances4 ,w y give my       
respects to ,mrs4 ,wickham1 & say t ,i w
 call = ! *ild ?is ev5+8  ,num]\s1 & all
 wide ( ! tru?1 7 ,mrs4 ,wickham's &    
,rob]t's conjectures respect+ ! vic>4   
,!y began ev5 to consid] :e!r he _h ev] 
%[n any symptoms ( insanity1 & 7 ?ankful
 to "k t x 0 n h]$it>y 9 ! family4  ,!  
week /ipulat$ = by ,mr4 ,deane pass$2 & 
aft] consult+ ,fa!r ,arm& & ,mr4        
,s*>d]l[e1 he agre$ to give 8 cons5t to 
,polly's m>ry+ ,rob]t at ! end ( a ye>1 
if he 7 !n equally will+ to b9d himself 
by a writt5 promise to respect h] fai?1 
& h 8 *ildr5 br\ght up 9 x4 ,!y said !y 
?\ght t ! k9d1 lib]al1 honorable "* ( ! 
,wickhams be+ consid]$1 & hav+ be5 prov$
 9 all _! conduct to ! ,deanes1 & !     

difficulty ( ,ca?olic m>ry+ ,ca?olic    
7:i* 0 f>1 f> great] 9 ,engl& !n ?an x  
is n[7 be+ weigh$1 ! case 0 z hopeful z 
a mix$ m>riage c\ld be4  ,rob]t grumbl$ 
ab\t ! delay1 e "o else approv$ ( x4 ,8 
"m ?\ght a man "y to ev5 at tw5ty-two2 &
 ! "t seem$ to ,polly none too long =   
becom+ accu/om$ to new feel+s & new     
prospects4  ,two days aft] all ?is 0    
arrang$ came ! vic>'s anxi\sly-expect$  
lett]1 dat$ ,sc>bor\gh4 ,x said3    ,,my
 ,,de> ,,rob]t1--,! puni%m5t ( my y\?ful
 s9s & follies1   :i* has be5 pursu+ me 
= ye>s1 has at la/ fall5 s heavily   ^u 
me1 t ,i feel incl9$ to cry out1 l ,ca91
 t x is   great] ?an ,i c be>4 ,try to  
believe1 z y read my humiliat+          
confession1 t ! bitt]e/ portion ( my    
suff]+ is ! fact   t ,i h injur$ my     
uncle's family2 & t ,i %all regret my   
pangs less if !y prove a useful w>n+ to 
y & y\r bro!rs4   ,i c h>dly rememb] :5 
,i 0 n 9 debt4 ,be=e ,i 0 eight   ye>s  
old ,i ow$ p5ce cont9ually = fruits1    
sweets1 toys4 ,i   suff]$ torture = fe> 

( detection :ile ^! trifles 7   ow+1 b  
directly !y 7 paid1 ,i began a fre%     
score4 ,at s*ool   ,i borr[$ money ( e  
"o :o w\ld l5d x1 & _h a bill at   e %op
 to :i* a boy w\ld be attract$4 ,! mis]y
 ,i cont9u$   to endure :ile ,i c\ld n  
pay 0 always =gott5 directly ,i _h      
paid2 & ,i 0 9 ! same difficulty ov] &  
ov] aga94 ,i mu/   own1 moreov]1 t ,i 0 
absolutely )\t excuse4 ,i _h z mu*      
money & indulg5ce ( e k9d z any boy ( my
 age &   position4 ,i w5t to !          
univ]sity4 ,my all[ance 0 lib]al1 b my  
debts became trem5d\s4 ,i gave endless  
w9e-p>ties2 drove to   ,london          
frequ5tly2 ent]$ into all its pleasures1
 made exp5sive   pres5ts1 b\ght horses1 
& bett$2 & 0 ( c\rse done2   f9ally1 ,i 
got into ! h&s ( ,jews4 ,x is s+ul> t my
 fa!r   nev] suspect$ my del9qu5cies1 & 
t ,i 0 wond]fully help$   by            
circum/ances4 ,i 0 "y :5 ,i succe$$ to !
 liv+ & a   l>ge am\nt ( ready money4   
,all 0 swall[$ up 9 ! dreadful   gulf t 
my unpr9cipl$ extravagance _h made4 ,ye>

 aft] ye> !   great] portion ( my income
 has gone 9 paym5t ( exorbitant         
int]e/4 ,y\r de> fa!r's legacy w5t t    
way2 & my infam\s   cr$itors1 hav+      
asc]ta9$ t 8 w plac$ a great deal 9   my
 p[]1 ?reat5$ me ) exposure--:i* w\ld h 
#daj be5   fatal to a man 9 my          
position--till ,i _h pacifi$ !m )       
?\s&s n my own--)1 9 fact1 a consid]able
 portion ( y\r   bro!rs' inh]itance4    
,at fir/ ,i /ifl$ my consci5ce by       
repres5t+ to myself t   be+ releas$ f   
pressure :i* _h worri$ me = ye>s1 ,i    
%\ld h a cle> head = bus9ess2 & recov]1 
by judici\s   speculation1 ! sums t ,i  
_h appropriat$--z ,i hop$--b = a   "t4  
,i h speculat$ un=tunately1 & made      
matt]s inf9itely   worse2 = :]eas my    
previ\s cr$itors 7 rapaci\s rascals to  
:om1 9 ju/ice1 no?+ 0 due1 my pres5t    
ones are ! helpless   *ildr5 ( my       
w>m-he>t$1 tru/ful1 dead uncle4    ,by  
?is "t old ,smi? is1 ,i suppose1 dead1 &
 y are aw>e (   8 w--z s+ul> z all we "k
 ( 8 life--b he is   necess>y to my     

/ory4 ,a day or two be=e ,i told y t ,i 
?\ght   ( m>ry+ ,polly he s5t = me1 said
 t he felt himself   break+1 & wi%$ me  
to witness 8 w1 & be aw>e ( its         
purport1 t x might n be said1 :5 he 0   
gone1 t he _h   act$ at ! prie/'s       
in/igation4 ,he said t at t mom5t no    
"o knew he 0 a ,ca?olic1 t he _h l$ a   
godless life =   ye>s1 b he meant to    
make 8 peace ) ,god be=e he di$4 ,he    
_h no relations :o _h any claim on him2 
he _h left ,l#ajj to ,mr4   ,arm& =     
religi\s uses1 & ! re/ ( 8 money--ne>ly 
,l#bj1jjj--to ,polly4 ,i ?\ght ! man    
mad1 & humor$ him4 ,he   und]/ood me1 & 
said s2 told me t exi/5ce _h ceas$ to be
   m ?an endurable :51 tw5ty ye>s ago1  
he ent]$ ,upfield a   /rang]2 & t !re=e 
he _h conf9$ himself to !   necess>ies (
 life1 & be5 glad to be believ$ poor4 ,t
 he _h   ?\ght ( leav+ 8 money to a     
hospital2 b t ,polly _h   become s l !  
only woman he _h ev] lov$--& :om he _h  
lo/ by dea?--t he _h gr[n to feel v     
fa!rly t[>d h]2   & 8 int5tion to make  

h] 8 heiress _h be5 decid$ by a   little
 fact v *>act]i/ic ( ,polly4 ,%e 0 walk+
 ) y\r   "m "o v w9dy day1 :5 he 0 out =
 ne>ly ! la/ "t1   & 8 hat blew (f4 ,he 
0 too infirm to foll[ x1 & e "o   b     
,polly 0 too lazy or too mu* amus$ to d 
s4 ,%e ran = x1   & br\ght x to him ) a 
k9dness :i* seems to h ?or\ghly   melt$ 
him4 ,if he be /ill liv+1 ?is mu/ n be  
m5tion$2 b1   z ,i said be=e1 ,i ?9k x  
is impossible4 ,x is an old say+ t      
'dr[n+ m5 cat* at /raws4' ,oppress$ z ,i
 0 by hopeless   remorse1 ,i caught at !
 notion t ,i w\ld m>ry ,polly4 ,h]      
fa!r1 ,i ?\ght1 w\ld be pleas$ ) h]     
elevation4 ,i did n   anticipate any    
difficulty 9 mak+ su* a g5tle creature  
love me4   ,i int5d$ to d my utmo/ to   
make h] life happy2 & ,i knew t   %e    
w\ld give up any?+ to d good to y\r     
family4 ,i calculat$   t1 liv+          
mod]ately1 my income w\ld be ample1 & t 
,i c\ld   appropriate ,polly's =tune to 
repay+ :at ,i _h misus$1 &   /ill )\t   
wrong+ h]--= t1 z my wife1 %e w\ld h    

advantages f> beyond h] fa!r's          
expectations4 ,h[ all ?is   s*em+ is    
defeat$1 y "k4 ,! only rep>ation n[ 9 my
 p[]1   ,i make will+ly4 ,d$uct+ a      
curate's /ip5d & eighty p\nds a   ye> = 
myself1 ,i w furni% y ) full p[]s to    
receive !   residue ( my income1 & apply
 x to y\r bro!rs' use4 ,i w   appo9t    
,deane gu>dian 9 my /ead1 & furni% him )
 all   necess>y docum5ts4 ,if ,i live--&
 ,i pray t ,i may live = t   object--y\r
 bro!rs w n suff] ultimately4 ,i h made 
my   w1 & left !m :atev] prop]ty ,i may 
possess :5 ,i die4 ,i   h1 y "k1        
expectations f ! ,hea?cotes4    ,!re is1
 ,i hope1 "s gu>antee = my re=m 9 !     
will+ness   ) :i* ,i accept my puni%m5t4
 ,i am glad t1 ) luxuri\s   ta/es1 ,i   
mu/ exi/ on v n>r[ means = ye>s2 #daa t 
)   /urdy ,engli% prejudices ,i mu/ live
 among =eign]s4 ,i _h n   c\rage to make
 my %ameful confession v]bally1 or to   
see any (   y aft]w>d4 ,i cross h5ce to 
,hamburg to-morr[4 ,my fur!r c\rse   is 
undecid$1 b ,i w write to y2 & ,hangham 

& ,hunt1 ,fleet   /reet1 w =w>d lett]s  
to me4 ,?9k ( all ,i h lo/1 ( all   ,i h
 suff]$ secretly1 = ye>s1 ( my dre>y    
prospects1 & try   to be m]ciful to y\r 
mis]able c\s91--,,william ,,wickham4    
,polly _h return$ to ! ,grey ,h\se4     
,mrs4 ,wickham frett$1 & ,rob]t--to be  
c&id--0 disagreeable 9 h] abs5ce4 ,%y & 
consci\s ?\gh %e felt1 %e 0 q will+ to g
 back4 ,h] fa!r 0 nev] at home till !   
ev5+--n always !n4 ,aunt ,lizzie want$  
no help or *e]+ up1 & ,polly's happ9ess 
dep5d$ ma9ly on h] be+ necess>y to "s   
"o4 ,!re is1 moreov]1 no d5y+ t1        
diff]5tly educat$ z %e _h be51 h] aunt's
 habits & notions 7 n h]s2 & ,i c\ld n  
say positively t %e did n miss ,rob]t1 &
 admit to h]self t x 0 pleasant to      
expect him at c]ta9 times1 & to sp5d a  
good deal ( "t 9 8 society4 ,:5 ! vic>'s
 lett] arriv$1 %e 0 at ! breakfa/-table1
 do+ ! duties ( presid5t deftly &       
satisfactorily1 z %e did                
ev]y?+--h\sewifely g5ius z %e 04  ,:at a
 long affair6 exclaim$ ,rob]t1 z he     

glanc$ at ! lett]4 ,:at c he h to say8  
,i c't wait to read x n[2 ,i mu/ be (f  
to ! brew]y4 ,"h1 my "m1 y take x1 &    
tell me all ab\t x :5 ,i come back4  ,%e
 put x 9 h] pocket1 rememb]+ t ,polly 0 
conc]n$ 9 x1 & n lik+ to read x be=e h] 
)\t m5tion+ its purport4 ,! ?\ghtful1   
me?odical damsel soon dep>t$ = an h\r's 
duty among birds & fl[]s1 & !n !        
?und]bolt fell on poor ,mrs4 ,wickham4  
,h] d>l+ y\ng] sons 7 n only fa!rless1 b
 almo/ dep5d5t on _! bro!r4 ,%e 0 no    
woman ( bus9ess2 b %e guess$ t !re w\ld 
n be m ?an ,l#cjj a ye> to come f !     
vic>1 :5 ! d$uctions he m5tion$ _h be5  
made4 ,%e c\ld ( c\rse sp>e ,l#ajj4 ,:at
 did %e want ) money8 ,?is w\ld meet all
 ! exp5ses ( education1 suppos+ ! vic>  
liv$--& if he di$6 ,9 any case !re 0 no 
capital to />t h] sons 9 _! pr(essions2 
&1 unluckily1 ,alfr$1 :o w\ld want x    
fir/1 _h nev] be5 a favorite ( ,rob]t's4
 ,8 assumption ( sup]iority & 8 s>casm  
_h nettl$ him extremely2 & he dropp$    
expressions occasionally :i* %[$ he _h n

 =giv5 him4 ,b ,rob]t w\ld be v well    
able to help4 ,ev5 suppos+ t--z %e hop$ 
he w\ld-- he did m>ry ,polly1 & h a     
family1 8 bro!rs w\ld be (f 8 h&s be=e 8
 *ildr5 became exp5sive4 ,if ! /ory ab\t
 poor old ,mr4 ,smi? prov$ true1 he w\ld
 be a ri* man4 ,polly w\ld ( c\rse d    
some?+ h&some = h] fa!r & aunt1 & yet h 
a l>ge =tune4 ,t incid5t ab\t ! hat     
,mrs4 ,wickham rememb]$ p]fectly2 ! poor
 old man look$ enraptur$ :51 loveli] ev5
 ?an usual1 gl[+ f h] runn+ &           
good-nature1 %e gave x to him4 ,x 01    
h[ev]1 v wond]ful4 ,h[ mu* _h happ5$ 9  
quiet ,upfield dur+ ! la/ two ye>s6 ,!n 
%e began to pity ! vic> he>tily2 to make
 excuses = him1 & =give him4 ,!         
sacrifices he made prov$ ! s9c]ity ( 8  
rep5tance3 h[ mis]able he w\ld be =     
ye>s1 poor & lonely 9 a =eign l&6 ,9 ^? 
days any:]e abroad seem$ to simple inl& 
folk some?+ t]rible4 ,he might get yell[
 fev]1 or ! plague4 ,%e believ$ !m to be
 imm95t any:]e out ( ! ,briti% ,isles4  
,%e mu/ talk to ,polly1 & h h] = a /aun*

 ally be=e ,rob]t came home4 ,he _h n 8 
fa!r's noble impulsiv5ess1 b he 0 j &   
honorable1 & %e & ,polly c\ld d a great 
deal ) him4 ,( #dab c\rse %e %\ld omit  
tell+ h] ab\t ! vic>'s hav+ ?\ght (     
m>ry+ h]1 & ! /ory ab\t old ,smi?4 ,"o  
fact w\ld be pa9ful to h]2 ! o!r might  
be untrue4  ,! two guileless creatures  
agre$ fully t ,rob]t mu/ be work$ ^u to 
=give 8 c\s91 & d all t 0 necess>y = 8  
bro!rs4 ,!y 7 s radiant ) hope & *>ity t
 _! c\nt5ances /ruck ,rob]t peculi>ly :5
 he return$1 & he said he saw pla9ly t  
!y _h good news to tell him4 ,x 0 an    
awkw>d beg9n+3 8 "m fe>$ t ! contr>y "* 
( h] intellig5ce w\ld displease him ! m1
 & said timidly1 ,y _h really bett] read
 ,william's lett] y\rself1 my de> boy2  
he tells 8 /ory mu* bett] ?an ,i c4  ,! 
ru% ( ev5ts at ,upfield seem$1 = a few  
days1 ov]p[]+ to ^? :om x conc]n$2 & ^? 
:om x conc]n$ n 7 v mu* excit$4 ,!re 0 !
 vic> gone--no "o knew :]e=e or :i!r1 or
 = h[ long2 & a curate ) a wife & sev5  
*ildr5 _h tak5 possession ( 8 trim      

ba*elor's hall4 ,!n !re 0 ,mr4 ,smi?1 n 
v old1 probably n m ?an fifty1 dead4 ,& 
he _h turn$ out to be a ri* man6 :y :o  
c\ld h guess$ x8 ,he _h appe>$ "o day at
 ! inn1 z sudd5ly z if he _h dropp$ f ! 
cl\ds--_h evid5tly come a long way      
afoot--_h no luggage b a valise2 & 0    
altoge!r s equivocal-look+ t ,mr4 ,mogg1
 ! vet]9>y surgeon1 w\ld n take him z a 
lodg] )\t 8 pay+ six mon?s' r5t 9       
advance4 ,he _h paid 8 way regul>ly1    
c]ta9ly2 b no "o c\ld h suppos$ t he _h 
any?+ to sp>e4 ,he w\ld nev] talk ( 8   
affairs except to say t he _h out-liv$  
all 8 ne> relations1 & be5 a great deal 
9 =eign p>ts4 ,p _h sugge/$ t he might  
be an escap$ felon1 a man resuscitat$   
aft] hang+1 a des]t]1 a ,jew4 ,on !     
/r5g? ( ! la/ notion ,mr4 ,mogg te/$ him
 ) roa/ pig2 & he lik$ x4  ,!n he nev]  
w5t to *ur*4 ,to be sure he 0 n ! only  
p]son 9 ,upfield ( :om t might be said2 
b no "o guess$ t he 0 a papi/4 ,!y _h1  
at la/1 no pro( t he 02 b x 0 und]/ood1 
?\gh n =mally ackn[l$g$1 t ! libr>ian at

 ,edw>d's ,hall 0 a ,ca?olic prie/1 & t 
p]sons ( 8 communion c\ld & did b5efit  
by 8 m9i/rations4 ,su* ?+s 7 w9k$ at1 9 
spite ( p5al enactm5ts1 9 ! case ( "s   
,ca?olics ( high social /&+1 l ,mr4     
,s*>d]l[e4  ,n[ ?is libr>ian1 ,mr4      
,arm&1 _h be5 s5t = by ,mr4 ,smi? :5 he 
0 tak5 ill1 _h visit$ him frequ5tly1 &  
be5 ) him :5 he di$4 ,no d\bt he 0 a    
papi/4 ,t might be ! reason he left 8   
money to ,polly ,deane4 ,well1 well6 :at
 luck "s p _h6 ,upfield w\ldn't be      
surpris$ if ,rob]t ,wickham m>ri$ h]2 & 
! neighborhood suppos$ x mu/ call ^u h]1
 :e!r he did or n4 ,x wond]$ if ,mr4 &  
,mrs4 ,wickham _h kn[n all along ( ,mr4 
,smi?'s int5tion2 x w\ldn't be surpris$2
 !re 0 some?+ odd 9 ! way !y _h educat$ 
! girl1 & tak5 h] out ( h] sph]e4 ,b1   
aft] all1 ,mrs4 ,pogram said1 %e        
mightn't l ,rob]t ,wickham2 & ) su* a   
=tune z h]s1 %e c\ld af=d to please     
h]self4 ,mrs4 ,pogram's own sons 7      
decid$ly f9] "y m51 _h m da%1 & 7 9 !   
army--e "o knew t girls lik$ r$ coats4  

,lanca/] w\ld be com+ home soon1 on     
leave4 ,%e w\ld call at once2 let o!rs d
 z !y pleas$4 ,deane 0 a                
highly-respectable man1 & no "o c\ld be 
a%am$ ( 8 daught]4   ,a ye> lat] !re 0 a
 l>ge family-ga!r+ at ! ,grey ,h\se at  
d9n]1 & ,mrs4 ,wickham presid$4 ,h]     
grief _h settl$ into a placid1 subdu$   
"*1 :i*1 ) ! we$s1 gave a k9d (         
moonlight tone to h] appe>ance1 & became
 h] s #dac well t no "o c\ld wi% to see 
h] ev] o!rwise4  ,rob]t & ,polly1 man & 
wife1 _h return$ t day f a bridal       
excursion to ! ,engli% lakes4 ,! y\ng]  
bro!rs 7 assembl$ to meet !m4 ,aunt     
,hea?cote 0 !re ) h] e>-trumpet2 &      
que]-temp]$ ,mrs4 ,trumball1 all smiles4
 ,mr4 ,deane1 ( ! firm ( ,wickham &     
,deane1 urbane 9 %orts1 black-silk      
/ock+s1 & silv] knee & %oe buckles1 0 a 
fa!r ( :om ! lovely bride felt pr\d1 z  
%e did too ( ,aunt ,lizzie2 :o look$ z  
if %e _h worn silks & laces1 & kept h]  
s(t :ite l>ge h&s 9 mitt5s all h] life4 
,deep 9 e "o's he>t 0 ! memory (        

w>m-he>t$1 g5]\s ,george ,wickham1 gone 
= ev] f ^? ^: meet+ !re1 & 9 _! mutual  
relations1 he w\ld h made m joy\s2 b no 
"o nam$ him1 = no "o c\ld h done x !n & 
!re 9 a voice :i* w\ld n h be5 ?ick )   
emotion4 ,te>s mu/ h foll[$ any m5tion (
 him2 & :o w\ld h caus$ _! fl[ at su* a 
happy ga!r+8 ,e "o knew :at e "o 0 feel+
 & :at a long pause meant1 :i* ,rob]t   
broke by say+ ) a sigh1 ,well1 ,i d wi% 
t poor de> ,william 7 "h2 ,i am s happy 
t ,i wi% e "o else 02 & ,i hate to ?9k (
 him1 hospitable1 affectionate creature1
 dragg+ out 8 days among fat phlegmatic 
,dut* boors1 )\t a s+le s\l to speak to4
 ,polly1 at 8 side1 contriv$ to give    
him1 "u ! table1 a little squeeze       
expressive ( ! fulle/ approbation4  ,i'm
 glad y h =giv5 him1 ,bob1 said 8 "m4   
,well1 really1 "m1 x 0 b natural t ,i   
%\ld be savage at fir/4 ,m5 c't be q z  
t5d]-he>t$ z wom51 ,i suppose2 & !y see 
! consequ5ces ( pecuni>y frailties m    
cle>ly1 & suff] m f !m1 ?an !y d2 b ,i  
mu/ be a brute if1 happy z ,i am1 ,i    

didn't wi% well to ev]ybody1 especially 
to t good fell[4 ,n[ don't cry1  ,polly4
  ,h] fa!r obs]v$ t !re 7 great excuses 
= ! vic>1 & t e "o mu/ admit t he _h    
done 8 utmo/ to make rep>ation4  ,yes1  
said ,alfr$1 ) mock gravity4 ,x 0 8     
delight to puzzle ,aunt ,lizzie2 %e nev]
 c\ld make out :e!r he 7 jok+ or        
oracul>4 ,i h le>n$ wisdom ?r\gh !      
rudim5ts ( a pa9ful exp]i5ce2 &1 /eady  
re=m$ man ( mature ye>s z ,i f9d myself1
 ,i pron\nce t ,william might h done mu*
 worse4  ,%all ,i write & urge him to   
come back8 ask$ ,rob]t4  ,d6 d6 d6      
res\nd$ 9 v>i\s voices all ar\nd !      
table4  ,v well2 ,i'm m ?an will+4      
,polly told me confid5tially a few days 
ago t %e _h no turn = extravagance2 & ,i
 feel s dome/ic & mod]ate1 t ,i fancy we
 may manage to provide = ! f9e "y family
 t ,william's indiscretions h ?r[n on   
our h&s1 ?\gh he w be able to give less 
help ?an if he rema9$ at ,rott]dam4     
,mr4 ,ridlem's /ip5d w\ld be sav$1 y "k1
 ,bob4  ,n exactly1 "m4 ,william c\ldn't

 live at home z he lives n[2 t w\ld be  
pa9ful to u & impossible = him4  ,true2 
,i =got t4  ,x is difficult = me to put 
9 a ^w1 said ,alfr$1 because ,i've be5 a
 great exp5se to ,bob1 & he hasn't done 
) me yet2 9 fact ,i've no "r to make a  
sugge/ion2 b x is my full int5tion to   
reimburse him "o ( ^! days4 ,i %\ldn't h
 said s1 only ! *ance ( help+ to br+    
,william back--  ,y're a good fell[1    
,alfr$2 ,i believe y2 & mu/ confess t ,i
 h f\nd y less tr\ble ?an ,i expect$4   
,! result ( ! consultation 0 a lett] to 
! vic>1 sign$ by e "o pres5t1 entreat+  
him to return =?)2 a lett] ov] :i* he   
cri$ l #dad a girl4 ,x br\ght him back  
spe$ily1 a wis] & n a sadd] man4 ,he    
said inde$ t1 ?\gh d[n among ! dykes1 he
 _h nev] be5 s happy z s9ce he made all 
squ>e ) 8 consci5ce4  ,to foll[ !       
affairs ( ,upfield & ! ,wickhams fur!r  
w\ld involve a s]ies ( /ories4 ,x mu/   
suffice to say t ,rob]t's m>riage turn$ 
out really well2 & t f ! day ( h]       
betro?al1 ! de>e/ wi% ( ,polly's he>t 0 

gratifi$2 = he1 unask$1 jo9$ h] & ! o!r 
/raggl]s :o--! laws not)/&+--made _! way
 on ,sundays & holidays to a            
side-entrance 9 v5]able old ,edw>d's    
,hall1 & 7 admitt$ to mass 9 ! little   
well-lov$ *apel2 ,mr4 ,arm& ! libr>ian1 
id5tical ) ,fa!r ,arm& ! prie/1 ?ank+   
,god dev\tly = ! addition to ! fold4    
------  ,f ,! ,mon?4   ,a ,,lo/ ,,*apt] 
,,( ,,*ur* ,,hi/ory ,,recov]$4  ,,by    
,,james ,,sp5c] ,,nor?cote1 ,d4,d4   ,if
 we set be=e a skilful pr(essor (       
comp>ative anatomy a few bones dug out (
 ! b[els ( ! e>?1 he w re-con/ruct = u !
 :ole =m ( ! animal to :i* !y belong$2 &
 x sometimes happ5s t ^! !oretical      
con/ructions are s+ul>ly ju/ifi$ by lat]
 discov]ies4 ,x is ! prov9ce ( an       
ar*aeologian to attempt some?+ ( ! same 
k9d4 ,a hi/orian transcribes = our use  
annals m or less fully compos$ &        
fai?fully transmitt$ by 8 pr$ecessors4  
,he may h to ga!r 8 mat]ials f v>i\s    
s\rces2 he mu/ di/+ui% ! true f ! false2
 & he gives %ape1 consi/5cy1 & life to !

 :ole2 b1 = ! mo/ "p at lea/1 he has    
little to supply t is new f any res\rces
 ( 8 own4 ,! ar*aeologian1 on ! contr>y1
 if he be really a man ( le>n+ & sci5ce1
 & n a m]e collector ( old curiosities1 
aims at discov]+ & re/or+ annals t are  
lo/1 by means ( a c>eful & intellig5t   
use ( e fragm5t ( mo/ het]og5e\s        
mat]ials t happ5s to come across him4 ,&
 !re is c]ta9ly nobody 9 ! pres5t age ^:
 tal5t & indu/ry 9 ?is bran* ( le>n+1 s 
f> at lea/ z ,*ri/ian ar*aeology is     
conc]n$1 c at all comp>e ) t ( ,cavali]e
 ,g4 ,b4 de ,rossi4 ,= m ?an tw5ty ye>s 
he has devot$ himself to ! /udy ( !     
,roman catacombs1 & at l5g? we beg9 to  
ent] ^u ! fruit ( 8 labors4 ,he has j   
publi%$ 7by ord] ( ! ,pope1 & at !      
exp5se1 we believe1 ( ! ,commission (   
,sacr$ ,ar*aeology1 in/itut$ by 8       
,hol9ess 9 #ahea7 ! fir/ volume ( ,roma 
,sott]anea2 a magnific5t volume1        
spl5didly illu/rat$1 & full ( new & v>i$
 in=mation4 ,an ab/ract ( its cont5ts   
w\ld h>dly be suitable to our pages2 b  

none1 we ?9k1 c fail to be int]e/$ 9 :at
 we may v5ture to call ! fir/ *apt] ( ! 
,hi/ory ( ! ,catacombs--a *apt] t _h    
c]ta9ly nev] be=e be5 writt51 ev5 if x  
_h be5 attempt$4  ,all e>li] au?ors ^u  
subt]ranean ,rome1 s f> z our exp]i5ce  
goes1 :il/ describ+ fully1 & x may be   
illu/rat+ ) consid]able le>n+1 !        
catacombs z !y n[ exi/1 & all ! monum5ts
 !y #dae conta91 h be5 cont5t to pass   
ov] ) a few words ( apology & conjecture
 ! "q ( _! orig9 & e>ly hi/ory4 ,!y h   
told u t ! ,jewi% resid5ts 9 ,rome _h   
burial-places ( a simil> "*2 & !y h %[n 
h[ natural & probable x 0 t ! fir/      
,roman ,*ri/ians1 unwill+ to burn _!    
dead 9 pagan fa%ion1 %\ld h imitat$ !   
practices ( ! anci5t p ( ,god4 ,:5      
press$ to expla9 h[ s gigantic a "w1 z !
 ,roman catacombs und\bt$ly are1 c\ld h 
be5 c>ri$ on by ! ,*ri/ians "u ! v feet 
( _! bitt] p]secutors1 yet )\t _! k1 !y 
h po9t$ to ! r>e in/ance ( a cemet]y    
ent]$ by a /aircase hidd5 )9 ! recesses 
( a s&-pit2 !y h guess$ t "h or !re "s  

,*ri/ian patrician1 "s s5ator or 8 wife1
 may h giv5 up a g>d5 or a v9ey>d = use 
z a burial-gr\nd2 & !n !y h pass$ on to 
! mu* easi] task ( enum]at+ !           
subt]ranean *apels1 trac+ ! intricacies 
( ! gall]ies1 or describ+ ! pa9t+s1     
sculptures1 & inscriptions4 ,! "w ( ,de 
,rossi is ( a v diff]5t "*4 ,x beg9s ab 
ovo1 & proce$s sci5tifically4 ,x %[s n  
only h[ ^! wond]ful cemet]ies may h be5 
made1 b also--z f> z is practicable1 & a
 great deal fur!r ?an n9e-t5?s ev5 ( !  
mo/ le>n$ ar*aeologians ev] suppos$ to  
be practicable--h[ & :5 ea* cemet]y     
really 0 made4 ,f ! few scatt]$ bones1 s
 to speak1 :i* lay buri$1 & = ! mo/ "p  
brok51 p>tly 9 ! dep?s ( ! catacombs    
!mselves1 p>tly 9 ! ,acts ( ! ,m>tyrs1 !
 ,lib] ,pontificalis1 & a few o!r       
records ( ecclesia/ical hi/ory1 he has  
recon/ruct$ ) consummate skill !        
complete skeleton1 if we %\ld n r say   
has reproduc$ ! :ole body1 & set x full 
( life & vigor be=e u4 ,n t he has      
indulg$ 9 ha/y conjectures1 or giv5     

unlimit$ scope to a lively imag9ation2  
f> f x4 ,on ! contr>y1 we fe> _m ( 8    
less le>n$ read]s w be dispos$ to f9d   
fault ) ! sl[ & delib]ate1 almo/        
pond]\s1 me?od ( 8 progress1 & to gr[   
impati5t "u ! mass ( m9ute criticisms ) 
:i* "s ( 8 pages are fill$1 & by :i* he 
insi/s ^u ju/ify+ ea* /ep t he takes4   
,inde$1 we h "s scruple at pres5t+ our  
read]s ) ! sum & sub/ance ( 8 argum5t1  
dive/$ ( all ^! pieces ju/ificatives1 z 
our neighbors w\ld call !m1 le/ !y %\ld 
suspect u ( inv5t+ r ?an describ+4      
,h[ev]1 we ?9k x is too preci\s a page (
 ,*ur* hi/ory to be lo/1 & we !re=e     
proce$ to publi% x1 only premis+ t      
nobody mu/ pret5d to judge ( its tru?   
m]ely f ! nak$ ab/ract ( x :i* we       
propose to give1 b t all :o are really  
int]e/$ 9 ! /udy %\ld exam9e = !mselves 
9 detail ! :ole mass ( evid5ce by :i*1 9
 ,de ,rossi's pages1 x is support$1 mo/ 
( :i* is new1 & all newly appli$4  ,to  
tell our /ory correctly1 x is necess>y  
we %\ld /ep back into pagan times1 &    

fir/ take a peep at _! laws & usages 9 !
 matt] ( burials4 ,no classical s*ol>   
ne$ be told h[ /rictly prohibit$ by old 
,roman law 0 all intra-mural int]m5t4   
,inde$ e travell] kn[s t all ! great    
roads lead+ into ,rome 7 once l9$ on    
ei!r side ) sepul*ral monum5ts1 _m ( :i*
 /ill rema92 & ! lett]s inscrib$ ^u !m  
tell u h[ _m feet ( frontage1 & h[ _m   
feet at ! back 7into ! field71 belong$  
to ea* monum5t1 ,,94 ,,fr4 ,p4 s _m4    
,,94 ,,ag4 ,p4 s _m4 ,9 fronte1 p$um--4 
,9 agro1 p$um--4 ,m4 de ,rossi 7! bro!r 
( our au?or7 has publi%$ a v int]e/+    
plan ( "o ( ^! monum5ts ) all its       
dep5d5cies1 z repres5t$ on an anci5t    
m>ble slab dug up on ! ,via ,lavicana4  
,on ?is slab1 n only are ! usual        
measurem5ts ( frontage & dep? c>efully  
record$1 b also ! private or public     
roads :i* cross$ ! #daf prop]ty1 ! g>d5s
 & v9ey>ds ( :i* x consi/$1 ! swampy l& 
on :i* grew no?+ b re$s 7x is call$     
,h>und9etum71 & ! dit* by :i*1 on "o    
side at lea/1 x 0 b\nd$4 ,un=tunately ! 

slab is n p]fect1 s t we _c tell ! exact
 measurem5t ( ! :ole4 ,en\gh1 h[ev]1    
rema9s to %[ t ! prop]ty altoge!r 0 n   
less ?an twelve ,roman jug]a1 or ne>ly  
#cej1jjj squ>e feet2 & o!r inscriptions 
are extant1 specify+ an am\nt ( prop]ty 
almo/ equal to ?is z belong+ to a s+le  
monum5t 7e4g4 ,huic monum5to c$unt agri 
puri jug]a decem74 ,! necessity = s l>ge
 an assignm5t ( prop]ty to a s+le tomb 0
 n s mu* ! va/ness ( ! mausoleum to be  
erect$1 z because c]ta9 fun]al rites 7  
to be celebrat$ !re ye> by ye>1 on !    
anniv]s>y ( ! dea?1 & at o!r times2     
sacrifices to be (f]$1 fea/s to be giv51
 etc42 & = ^! purposes ex$rae 7 provid$1
 or semi-circul> recesses1 furni%$ )    
s(as & all ?+s necess>y = ! conv5i5ce ( 
gue/s4 ,a h\se also 7cu/odia7 0 (t5     
add$1 9 :i* a p]son %\ld always live to 
look aft] ! monum5t1 = ^: support ^!    
g>d5s1 v9ey>ds1 or o!r h]$itam5ts 7 set 
ap>t z a p]petual end[m5t4 ,x only      
rema9s to add1 t ^u all ^! anci5t       
monum5ts may be f\nd ^! lett]s1 or      

some?+ equival5t to !m1                 
,h4,m4,h4,,ex4,t4,n4,s4 7,hoc monum5tum 
ha]$es ex te/am5to ne sequatur72 9 o!r  
words1 ,?is tomb & all t belongs to x is
 sacr$2 h5ce=? x c nei!r be b\ght nor   
sold2 x does n desc5d to my heirs ) !   
re/ ( my prop]ty2 b mu/ ev] be reta9$   
inviolate = ! purpose to :i* ,i h de/9$ 
x1 viz41 z a place ( sepul*re = myself &
 my family1 or c]ta9 specifi$ memb]s    
only ( ! family2 or1 9 "s r>e in/ances1 
o!rs also ext]nal to ! family4 ,! same  
sacr$ "* :i* atta*$ to ! monum5ts       
!mselves belong$ also to ! area 9 :i* !y
 /ood1 ! hypogeum or subt]ranean *amb]1 
:i* n unfrequ5tly 0 =m$ b5ea? !m2 b x is
 a "q :e!r x ext5d$ to ! h\ses or o!r   
possessions atta*$ to !m4  ,nor 7 ^!    
monum5ts conf9$ to ! noble/ & weal?ie/  
citiz5s4 ,ev5 9 ! abs5ce ( all direct   
evid5ce ^u ! subject1 we %\ld h f\nd x  
h>d to believe t any b ! v meane/ ( !   
slaves 7 buri$ 7or r 7 ?r[n )\t any     
burial at all7 into ^? op5 pits         
7puticoli7 ( :i* ,horace & o!rs h told  

u4 ,& 9 fact1 a multitude ( te/imonies h
 come d[n to u ( ! exi/5ce1 bo? 9       
republican & imp]ial ,rome1 ( a numb] ( 
colleges1 z !y 7 call$1 or corporations 
7clubs or confrat]nities1 z we %\ld m   
probably call !m71 ^: memb]s 7          
associat$1 p>tly 9 honor ( "s p>ticul>  
deity1 b f> m ) a view to mutual        
assi/ance = ! p]=mance ( ! j fun]al     
rites4 ,inscriptions :i* are /ill extant
 te/ify to ne>ly f\rscore ( ^! collegia1
 ea* consi/+ ( ! memb]s ( a diff]5t     
trade or pr(ession4 ,!re are ! masons & 
c>p5t]s1 soldi]s & sailors1 bak]s &     
cooks1 corn-m]*ants & w9e-m]*ants1      
hunt]s & fi%]m51 goldsmi?s & blacksmi?s1
 deal]s 9 drugs & c>d]s ( wool1 boatm5 &
 div]s1 doctors & bank]s1 scribes &     
musicians--9 a ^w1 x w\ld be h>d to say 
:at trade or employm5t is n "h          
repres5t$4 ,n1 h[ev]1 t ?is is ! only   
bond ( fell[%ip ^u :i* su*              
confrat]nities 7 built2 sometimes1 inde$
 g5]ally1 ! memb]s 7 unit$1 z we h      
already said1 9 ! wor%ip ( "s deity2 !y 

7 cultores ,jovis1 or ,h]culis1 or      
,apoll9is et ,diana2 sometimes !y m]ely 
took ! title ( "s deceas$ b5efactor ^:  
memory !y desir$ to honor2 e4 g4        
cultores /atu>um et clipeorum ,l4       
,abulli ,dextri2 & sometimes ! only bond
 ( union seems to h be5 s]vice 9 ! same 
h\se or family4 ,a long #dag & curi\s   
inscription belong+ to "o ( ^! colleges1
 consi/+ ma9ly ( slaves1 & erect$ 9     
honor ( ,diana & ,ant9\s1 & = ! burial (
 ! dead1 9 ! ye> #acc ( our era1 reveals
 a numb] ( mo/ int]e/+ p>ticul>s z to   
its int]nal organization1 :i* are wor?  
repeat+ 9 ?is place4 ,s mu* 0 to be paid
 at entrance1 & a keg ( good w9e beside1
 & !n s mu* a mon? aft]w>d2 = e memb] :o
 has regul>ly paid up 8 contribution1 s 
mu* to be all[$ = 8 fun]al1 ( :i* a     
c]ta9 proportion to be di/ribut$ among/ 
^? :o assi/2 if a memb] dies at a       
di/ance ( m ?an tw5ty miles f ,rome1    
?ree memb]s are to be s5t to fet* !     
body1 & s mu* is to be all[$ !m =       
travell+ exp5ses2 if ! ma/] 7( ! slave7 

w n give up ! body1 he is nev]!less to  
receive all ! fun]al rites2 he is to be 
buri$ 9 effigy2 if any ( ! memb]s1 be+ a
 slave1 receives 8 fre$om1 he owes !    
college an amphora ( good w9e2 he :o is 
elect$ presid5t 7magi/]71 mu/ inaugurate
 8 accession to (fice by giv+ a supp] to
 all ! memb]s2 six times a ye> ! memb]s 
d9e toge!r 9 honor ( ,diana1 ,ant9\s1 & 
! patron ( ! college1 & ! all[ance (    
bread & ( w9e on ^! occasions is        
specifi$2 s mu* to e mess ( f\r2 no     
compla9ts or disput$ que/ions may be    
moot$ at ^! fe/ivals1 to ! end t our    
fea/s may be m]ry & glad2 f9ally1 :oev] 
wi%es to ent] ?is confrat]nity is       
reque/$ to /udy all ! rules fir/ be=e he
 ent]s1 le/ he aft]w>d grumble or leave 
a dispute z a legacy to 8 heir4  ,we are
 afraid we h gone into ! details ( ?is  
anci5t burial club m ?an 0 /rictly      
necess>y = our purpose2 b we h be5      
ins5sibly drawn on by _! extremely      
int]e/+ "*1 rem9d+ u 7z ! ,c\nt de      
,*ampagny1 f :om we h tak5 !m1 mo/ ju/ly

 rem>ks7 bo? ( ! anci5t ,*ri/ian        
,agapae1 or love-fea/s1 & 7we may add7 !
 m$iaeval guilds4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 sugge/s a
 tra9 ( ?\ght :i* we mu/ n be tempt$ to 
pursue4 ,de ,rossi has be5 m self-d5y+  
on ! subject2 he conf9es himself to a   
brief m5tion ( ! exi/5ce ( ! clubs1     
ref]s u to o!r au?ors = an acc\nt ( !m1 
& !n calls our att5tion to ?is v s+ul>1 
& = our purpose mo/ important fact      
conc]n+ !m3 viz41 t at a "t :5          
in/itutions ( ?is k9d _h be5 made a cov]
 = political comb9ations & conspiracies1
 or at lea/ :5 ! emp]ors suspect$ & fe>$
 su* an abuse ( !m1 & !re=e rigor\sly   
suppress$ !m1 nev]!less an exception 0  
expressly made 9 favor ( ^? :i* consi/$ 
( poor] memb]s ( society1 :o met toge!r 
e mon? to make a small contribution t[>d
 ! exp5ses ( _! fun]al2 & !n he puts    
side by side ) ?is law ! words (        
,t]tullian 9 8 ,apology1 writt5 ab\t ! v
 same "t1 :]e he speaks ( ! ,*ri/ians   
contribut+ e mon?1 or :5 & z ea* c &    
*ooses1 a c]ta9 sum to be sp5t on fe$+ &

 bury+ ! poor4 ,! id5tity ( language 9 !
 two passages1 :5 ?us br\ght into       
juxtaposition1 is v /rik+2 & we suppose 
t mo/ ( our read]s w n[ recognize ! be>+
 ( all we h hi!rto be5 say+ ^u ! hi/ory 
( ! ,*ri/ian catacombs1 f :i* we h seem$
 to be w&]+ s1 f>4  ,we h already said t
 "o ( ! fir/ que/ions :i* p]sons are    
incl9$ to ask :5 !y ei!r visit1 or beg9 
to /udy1 ! catacombs1 is ?is3 ,h[ 0 s   
va/ a "w ev] accompli%$ )\t ! k & aga9/ 
! w ( ! local au?orities8 ,& we answ] 79
 "p at lea/71 z ! ,royal ,sci5tific     
,society %\ld h answ]$ ,k+ ,*>les !     
,second's fam\s "q ab\t ! live fi% & !  
dead fi% 9 ! tub ( wat]1 ,are y q sure (
 y\r facts8 ,don't call ^u u to #dah f9d
 ! reason ( a problem :i*1 aft] all1    
only exi/s p]haps 9 y\r own imag9ation4 
,& s 9 tru? x is4 ,! argum5ts ( !       
,cavali]e de ,rossi h satisfi$ u t !    
,*ri/ians ( ! fir/ ages 7 "u no         
necessity ( hav+ rec\rse to extraord9>y 
means ( secrecy ) ref]5ce to ! burial ( 
_! dead2 x 0 q possible = !m to h       

cemet]ies on e side ( ,rome1 "u !       
protection ( ! ord9>y laws & practices (
 _! pagan neighbors4  ,b is n ?is to    
revolutionize ! :ole hi/ory ( ^!        
wond]ful excavations8 ,we _c help x1 if 
x be s2 x is at lea/ "o ( ^? revolutions
 :i* are g5]ally accept$ z ju/ifiable1 &
 c]ta9ly are approv$ 9 _! consequ5ces2 =
 :5 x is complete1 ev]y?+ f9ds its prop]
 place2 books & grave-/ones1 ! cemet]ies
 & _! anci5t hi/orians1 e witness       
conc]n$ gives its own indep5d5t         
te/imony1 all 9 h>mony ) "o ano!r1 & ) !
 presum$ facts ( ! case4 ,let u see h[ !
 e>ly hi/ory ( ! catacombs runs1 :5     
recon/ruct$ accord+ to ?is new !ory4 ,! 
fir/ ,*ri/ian cemet]ies 7 made 9 gr\nd  
giv5 = t v purpose by "s weal?i] memb] (
 ! community1 & secur$ to x 9 p]petuity 
9 accordance ) ! laws ( ! c\ntry4 ,!re 0
 no?+ to prev5t ! erection ( a public   
monum5t 9 ! area ?us secur$1 & !        
excavation ( *amb]s & gall]ies b5ea?4 ,&
 hi/ory tells u ( sev]al ( ! mo/ anci5t 
catacombs t !y _h _! orig9 f ?is v      

circum/ance1 t "s pi\s ,*ri/ian1 g5]ally
 a ,roman matron ( noble rank1 buri$ !  
relics ( "s fam\s m>tyr on h] own       
prop]ty 79 pra$io suo47  ,! olde/       
memorial we h ab\t ! tomb ( ,/4 ,pet]   
himself is ?is1 t ,anacletus memoriam   
con/ruxit ,b4 ,petri1 & places :]e !    
bi%ops 7( ,rome7 %\ld be buri$2 & ?is   
language is f> m intelligible & correct1
 if spok5 ( "s public tomb1 ?an ( an    
obscure subt]ranean grave2 memoria1 or  
cella memoriae1 be+ ! classical         
designation ( su* tombs4 ,h[ mu* m      
appropriate also does ! language (      
,caius ! presbyt]1 pres]v$ to u by      
,eusebius1 n[ appe>1 :]e9 he speaks 79 !
 days ( ,zephyr9us7 ( ! trophies ( !    
apo/les be+ to be se5 at ! ,vatican & on
 ! ,o/ian way8 ,t]tullian1 too1 speaks (
 ! bodies ( ! m>tyrs ly+ 9 mausoleums & 
monum5ts1 await+ ! g5]al resurrection4  
,f ! same writ] we le>n t ! areae ( !   
,*ri/ian burials 7 kn[n to & 7          
sacrilegi\sly attack$ by ! enrag$ hea!ns
 9 ! v fir/ ye>s ( ! ?ird c5tury2 & q   

rec5tly !re has rea*$ u f ?is same      
writ]'s c\ntry a mo/ valuable           
inscription1 discov]$ among ! ru9s ( a  
,roman build+1 n f> f ! walls ( ! anci5t
 ,caes>ea ( ,mauritania1 :i* runs 9 ?is 
wise3 ,euelpius1 a wor%ipp] ( ! ^w      
7cultor ,v]bi2 m>k ! ^w1 & call to m9d !
 cultores ,jovis1 etc471 has giv5 ?is   
area = sepul*res1 & has built a cella at
 8 own co/4 ,he left ?is memoria to !   
holy *ur*4 ,hail1 bre?r53 ,euelpius1 ) a
 pure & simple he>t1 salutes y1 born ( !
 ,holy ,_s4 ,x is true t ?is            
inscription1 z we n[ h x1 is n ! orig9al
 /one2 x is expressly add$ at ! foot ( !
 tablet1 t ,ecclesia fratrum has re/or$ 
?is titulus at a p]iod subsequ5t to !   
p]secution dur+ :i* ! orig9al _h be5    
de/roy$2 b bo? ! s5se & ! words =bid u  
to suppose t any *ange _h be5 made 9 !  
language ( ! epitaph1 to :i* we _c      
assign a date lat] ?an ! middle ( ! ?ird
 c5tury4 ,b1 f9ally1 & above all1 let u 
desc5d into ! catacombs !mselves1 & put 
!m to ! "q4 ,mi*ael ,/eph5 de ,rossi1 ! 

con/ant companion ( 8 bro!r's /udies1   
hav+ inv5t$ "s new me*anical contrivance
 = tak+ plans ( subt]ranean excavations1
  ,footnote #gh has made exact #dai     
plans ( sev]al catacombs1 n only ( ea*  
level 7or floor1 s to speak7 )9 itself1 
b also 9 its relations to ! sup]ficial  
soil1 & 9 ! relations ( ! sev]al floors 
"o ) ano!r4 ,a specim5 ( ^! is set be=e 
u by means ( diff]5t colors or t9ts1    
repres5t+ ! gall]ies ( ! diff]5t levels1
 9 ! map ( ! cemet]y ( ,/4 ,callixtus1  
:i* accompanies ?is volume2 & a c>eful  
/udy ( ?is map is suffici5t to          
demon/rate t ! va/ net-"w ( pa?s 9 ?is  
fam\s cemet]y orig9ally consi/$ ( sev]al
 small] cemet]ies1 conf9$ ea* )9 /rict &
 n>r[ limits1 & t !y 7 only unit$ at "s 
lat]1 ?\gh /ill v anci5t p]iod4 ,= x _c 
h be5 )\t reason t ! subt]ranean        
gall]ies %\ld h d\bl$ & re-d\bl$ ^u     
!mselves )9 ! limits ( a c]ta9          
well-def9$ area2 t !y %\ld nev] h       
ov]/epp$ a c]ta9 b\nd>y-l9e 9 ?is or t  
direction1 ?\gh ! nature ( ! soil & e   

o!r consid]ation w\ld h seem$ to invite 
!m to proce$2 t !y %\ld h be5 sudd5ly   
int]rupt$ by a flight ( /eps1 p5etrat+ m
 deeply into ! b[els ( ! e>?1 & !re be5 
reproduc$ exactly ^u ! same scale & )9 !
 same limits4 ,^! facts c only be fully 
appreciat$ by an actual exam9ation ( !  
map1 :]e !y speak = !mselves2 b ev5 ^?  
:o h n ?is advantage w sc>cely call 9 "q
 ! conclusion t is drawn f !m1 :5 !y    
call to m9d h[ exactly x co9cides ) all 
! anci5t te/imonies we h already adduc$ 
on ! subject1 & :5 !y le>n ! s+ul> & mo/
 int]e/+ fact1 t ! ,cav4 de ,rossi has  
be5 able 9 m ?an "o in/ance1 by means ( 
! sepul*ral inscriptions1 to id5tify !  
noble family by :om ! site ( ! cemet]y 0
 orig9ally grant$4    ,footnote #gh3 ,x 
0 highly comm5d$ & receiv$ a prize at ! 
,int]national ,exhibition ( #ahfb4  ,x w
 be ( c\rse und]/ood t we h be5 speak+ (
 ! e>lie/ ages ( ! ,*ur*'s hi/ory1 & t  
we are f> f d5y+ t !re 7 o!r p]iods dur+
 :i* secrecy 0 an ess5tial condition ( !
 ,*ri/ian cemet]ies2 on ! contr>y1 did  

our space all[1 we c\ld %[ :at p>ts ( ! 
catacombs belong$ to ! "o p]iod1 & :at  
to ! o!r1 & :at are ! ess5tial          
*>act]i/ics ( ea*4 ,we might unfold     
also1 ) consid]able m9ut5ess1 ! economy 
( ^! cemet]ies1 ev5 dur+ ! ages (       
p]secution2 "u ^: managem5t !y 7        
adm9i/]$1 :e!r !y 7 p>o*ial or o!rwise1 
toge!r ) _m o!r highly int]e/+          
p>ticul>s4 ,b we h already exce$$ !     
limits assign$ u1 & we hope t ^? ( our  
read]s :o wi% to "k m on ! subject w    
take c>e to possess !mselves ( ! book f 
:i* we h drawn our in=mation1 t s funds 
may n be want+ = ! completion ( s useful
 a "w4 ,no?+ b a defici5cy ( funds1 9 ! 
pres5t condition ( ! pontifical         
treasury1 h9d]s ! imm$iate issue ( o!r  
volumes ( ?is & its k9dr$ "w1 !         
,inscriptiones ,*ri/ianae1 by ! same    
au?or4 ,he ann\nces 8 int5tion to br+   
out ! volumes ( ,roma ,sott]ranea & ( ! 
,inscriptions alt]nately1 = !y mutually 
expla9 & illu/rate "o ano!r1 & are 9    
fact p>ts ( ! same :ole2 & ! public has 

be5 long impati5t = ! volume :i* is     
promis$ next1 viz41 ! anci5t            
inscriptions :i* illu/rate ,*ri/ian     
dogma4  ------  #dbj   ,,miscellany4    
,,art4  ,dome/ic4--,! =tie? annual      
exhibition ( ! ,national ,academy (     
,design 0 op5$ to ! public on ! ev5+ (  
,april #bg?1 "u circum/ances :i* may    
well m>k an era 9 ! hi/ory ( t          
in/itution4 ,aft] drift+ f place to     
place ?r\gh =ty long ye>s1 n[ defici5t 9
 funds1 & n[ 9 dang] ( los+ public      
sympa?y or support1 sometimes unable to 
c>ry out its specific purposes1 & almo/ 
always cramp$ = space1 or o!rwise       
p]plex$ 9 ! details ( its public        
exhibitions1 ! ,academy1 l ,noah's ark1 
long buffett$ by waves & driv5 by       
tempe/s1 f9ds a re/+ place1 n on ,m\nt  
,ar>at1 b at ! corn] ( ,f\r? av5ue &    
,tw5ty-?ird /reet4 ,& z ! _w's gray     
fa!rs1 aft] _! tr\bl$ voyage1 reg>d$ )  
inf9ite satisfaction t]ra firma & ! blue
 sky1 s d\btless ! old] ( !             
academicians1 ^? :o h accompani$ !      

in/itution 9 all its w&]+s1 are d\btless
 bo? pleas$ & amaz$ to f9d !mselves     
arriv$ at a goodly hav5 ) secure        
an*orage4 ,to drop ! figure1 ! ,academy 
is n[ p]man5tly e/abli%$ 9 an attractive
 & conv5i5t build+1 well situat$ 9 a    
c5tral locality1 & bids fair to ent] ^u 
a c>e] ( usefulness f> beyond ! results 
( its previ\s exp]i5ce4  ,! new build+  
has be5 = s long a "t complet$          
ext]nally1 t its m]its h be5 canvass$ ) 
e %ade ( op9ion1 f en?usia/ic           
comm5dation to q z decid$               
disapprobation4 ,! majority ( critics1  
hav+ _! reputation at /ake1 are afraid  
to haz>d an op9ion1 & prud5tly rema9    
neutral1 until "s au?oritative decision 
%all be made4 ,z an ar*itectural ef=t x 
may be call$ an exp]im5t1 on :i* acc\nt 
x pres5ts p]haps z _m claims to critical
 notice z ! works ( art :i* adorn its   
walls4 ,! /yle1 s+ul>ly en\gh1 is       
assign$ to no special era or c\ntry1 b  
is describ$ to be ( t reviv$ ,go?ic1 n[ 
! dom9ant /yle 9 ,engl&1 :i* comb9es ^? 

features ( ! diff]5t s*ools (           
ar*itecture ( ! ,middle ,ages :i* are   
mo/ appropriate to our n9ete5?-c5tury   
build+s1 :i* means probably t ! build+  
is ( an eclectic ,go?ic patt]n4 ,all    
mod]n /yles s9ce ! r5aissance may be    
said to be eclectic1 :e!r f\nd$ on      
antique or m$iaeval models1 & ! build+ 9
 "q diff]s f o!r ,go?ic edifices1 ( m   
famili> aspect to u1 *iefly 9 =m1       
ext]nal decoration1 & ! arrangem5t ( its
 compon5t p>ts4 ,9 ! ,am]ican m9d ,go?ic
 ar*itecture is associat$ *iefly )      
ecclesia/ical /ructures & is popul>ly   
suppos$ to be subject to no fix$ laws1  
beyond an adh]5ce to ! irregul> &       
picturesque4 ,giv5 a cruci=m gr\nd-plan1
 a po9t$ spire1 /eep ro(1 n>r[ ar*$     
w9d[s1 buttresses1 & p9nacles ad        
libitum1 & y h z good a ,go?ic build+ z 
! public ta/e c appreciate4 ,"h1 h[ev]1 
is a ne>ly squ>e build+1 cov]+ an area (
 eighty by ab\t a hundr$ feet1 :i* is   
nei!r a *ur* nor a college1 & is )\t    
/eep ro(1 spire1 buttresses1 or         

p9nacles4 ,! public evid5tly d n fa?om !
 my/]y at pres5t1 & ^? ^: praise ( ! new
 ,academy bord]s on ! extravagant1 are  
p]haps z mu* a/ray 9 _! adh]5ce to !    
omne ignotum pro magnifico pr9ciple z ^?
 wiseacres :o tell y kn[+ly t ! ar*itect
 has tri$ to palm (f ^u u a palpable    
imitation ( ! doge's palace 9 ,v5ice4   
,if ! latt] class ( critics w refre% _! 
memory a little1 or consult any good    
pr9t ( ,v5etian ar*itecture1 !y w f9d   
ab\t z mu* resemblance betwe5 ! two     
build+s z exi/s betwe5 ! old ,cu/om     
,h\se 9 ,wall /reet & ! ,p>!non4 ,! pla9
 fact is t we are s unus$ to ,go?ic     
ar*itecture1 appli$ to secul> purposes1 
& to any o!r =ms ( x ?an !              
ecclesia/ical1 z to be )\t suffici5t    
data to =m a correct idea ( ! pres5t    
edifice4 ,& yet1 su* is ! conceit (     
criticism1 t ?\s&s ( p]sons pron\nce _! 
judgm5t ^u x ) z mu* confid5ce z !y w\ld
 ^u a trivial matt] p]fectly #dba       
famili> to !m4 ,^! may yet f9d t ha/y   
op9ions are dang]\s4  ,! ,academy1 z has

 be5 h9t$ above1 is ( rectangul> %ape1  
hav+ ?ree /ories1 ( :i* ! fir/ is devot$
 to ! life s*ool & ! s*ool ( design1 !  
second to ! libr>y1 reception rooms1    
c\ncil room1 & simil> ap>tm5ts1 & ! ?ird
 to ! exhibition gall]ies1 five 9 numb]1
 ) :i* at pres5t we h specially to deal4
 ,! ma9 entrance to ! build+ is on      
,tw5ty-?ird /reet4 ,pass+ up a d\ble    
flight ( m>ble /eps & ?r\gh a magnific5t
 ,go?ic portal into a ve/ibule1 !       
visitor next ent]s ! great hall1 9 !    
c5tre ( :i* comm5ces a broad /airway1   
consi/+ at fir/ ( a d\ble flight ( /eps1
 & ultimately ( a s+le flight1 lead+ to 
! level ( ! exhibition floor4 ,runn+ all
 ar\nd ! op5 space on ?is /ory caus$ by 
! /airway is a corridor1 two sides (    
:i*1 p>allel ) ! /airway1 comprise a    
d\ble arcade1 support$ on columns (     
v>iegat$ & poli%$ m>ble1 ! capitals (   
:i*1 ( :ite m>ble1 are h]eaft] to be    
sculptur$ 9 delicate leaf-&-fl[] "w f   
nature4 ,op5+ f ?is corridor are !      
exhibition rooms1 :i* also communicate )

 ea* o!r1 & ( :i* ! l>ge/ is ?irty by   
sev5ty-six feet1 & ! smalle/1 us$ z a   
gall]y ( sculpture1 is tw5ty-"o feet    
squ>e4 ,^! are all light$ by sky-lights1
 & are int5d$ = ! purposes ( ! annual   
exhibitions4 ,9 ! corridor surr\nd+ !   
/airway are to be hung ! works ( art    
belong+ to ! ,academy1 al?\gh at pres5t 
its walls are cov]$ ) pictures          
contribut$ to ?is ye>'s exhibition4 ,!  
sev]al rooms describ$ are well-light$1 &
 ?\gh small] p]haps ?an ! l>ge outlay ^u
 ! build+ might h l$ ! public to expect1
 seem excell5tly adapt$ = _! purposes4  
,! l>ge/ ( !m is a model exhibition     
gall]y 9 respect to proportions & light1
 & all are ta/efully f9i%$ & pannell$ ) 
walnut f floor to ceil+4 ,?r\gh\t !     
build+ ! same co/ly & durable /yle      
prevails1 ! wood-"w be+ ( oak & walnut1 
& ! ve/ibules floor$ ) mosaic ( tiles4  
,s mu* = ! int]ior1 aga9/ :i* no s]i\s  
compla9t has be5 utt]$4 ,ext]nally !    
walls ( ! basem5t /ory are ( gray m>ble 
reliev$ by b&s ( graywacke1 ^? ( ! /ory 

above ( :ite m>ble ) simil> b&s1 :ile ! 
upp]mo/ /ory is ( :ite m>ble ) *eck]-"w 
patt]n ( oblong gray blocks1 laid       
/air-fa%ion4 ,! :ole is surm\nt$ by a   
ri* arcad$ cornice ( :ite m>ble4 ,!     
d\ble flight ( :ite m>ble /eps on       
,tw5ty-?ird /reet1 lead+ to ! ma9       
entrance1 is1 p]haps1 ! mo/ m>k$ feature
 ( ! build+1 at once graceful1 ri*1 &   
sub/antial1 & may fairly *all5ge        
comp>ison ) any simil> /ructure ( l     
patt]n 9 ! c\ntry4 ,"u ! plat=m is a    
triple arcade1 inclos+ a dr9k+-f\nta91 &
 pr(usely decorat$ ) sculpture1 & f !   
upp] l&+ spr+s ! great ar*$ ,go?ic      
portal1 l>ge en\gh almo/ = ! entrance to
 a ca!dral4 ,on ei!r side ( ?is are two 
columns ( r$ ,v]mont m>ble ) :ite m>ble 
capitals & bases1 on :i* re/s a broad   
ar*ivolt enri*$ ) sculpture & v>i$ by   
v\ssoirs1 alt]nately :ite & gray4 ,!    
tympanum above ! door is to be fill$ )  
an elaborate mosaic ( color$ tile "w4 ,!
 basem5t w9d[s1 on ,f\r? av5ue1 are     
d\ble1 ) segm5tal ar*es1 ea* pair ( :i* 

is support$ 9 ! middle on a clu/]$      
column ) ri* c>v$ capital & base4 ,all !
 o!r w9d[s 9 ! build+ h po9t$ ar*es1 & !
 ar*ivolts ( ^? 9 ! fir/ /ory are       
decorat$ l t ( ! doorway4 ,9 ! place (  
w9d[s on ! gall]y floor are circul>     
op5+s = v5tilation1 fill$ ) elaborate   
trac]y4 ,! build+ 0 design$ by ,mr4 ,p4 
,b4 ,wight1 & erect$ at a co/ ( ov] two 
hundr$ ?\s& doll>s4  ,)\t attempt+ to   
inquire :e!r ?is or t portion ( ! build+
 is correctly design$1 or ev5 :e!r !    
:ole is entirely satisfactory1 or !     
rev]se1 we may say t 9 ! op9ion ( mo/   
p]sons ! ext]nal flight ( /eps & !      
entrance are too l>ge & elaborate = !   
build+1 rem9d+ "o ( ^? rem>kable        
edifices = bank+ or o!r public purposes 
occasionally to be se5 9 ?is city1 :i*  
are all portico1 z if ! ma9 /ructure _h 
walk$ away1 or _h n be5 consid]$ (      
suffici5t importance to be add$ to !    
entrance4 ,x is p>tly ow+ to ?is defect1
 & p>tly to ! insuffici5t area on :i* x 
is built1 #dbb t ! ,academy seems want+ 

9 height & dep?1 & !re=e devoid ( j     
proportions--has 9 fact an unmi/akable  
dumpy look4 ,_m an ar*itect be=e ,mr4   
,wight has be5 prev5t$ by want ( space f
 effectively develop+ ideas intr9sically
 good1 & p]haps ! sev]e/ criticism t c  
be pron\nc$ aga9/ him 9 ! pres5t in/ance
 is t ambition has l$ him to attempt :at
 8 bett] judgm5t might h taught him 0   
impossible4 ,cut y\r coat accord+ to y\r
 clo?1 is a maxim ( :i* ! applicability 
is n yet exhau/$4 ,aga91 ! obtrusive    
ugl9ess ( ! skylights1 ris+ cle> above !
 sculptur$ cornices1 c h>dly fail to    
(f5d ! eye1 & sugge/s ! idea ( an       
encumb]$ or ev5 an ov]load$ ro(4 ,if to 
^! defects be add$ ! curi\s optical     
delusion by :i* ! gray m>ble *eck]-"w on
 ! upp] /ory appe>s unev5 & awry1 & :i* 
d5otes a radical error 9 design1 we     
believe we h m5tion$ ! *ief features ( !
 build+ :i* ev5 ^? :o pr(ess to admire x
 unite 9 condemn+4 ,! objection t !     
build+ is ( unusual =m & appe>ance1 &   
out ( keep+ ) ! /yles ( ar*itecture 9   

vogue ) u1 is n wor?y ( s]i\s           
consid]ation4  ,hav+ said s mu* 9       
depreciation ( ! ,academy1 we mu/ also  
say t x conveys on ! :ole an elegant1   
arti/ic1 & ev5 *e]ful impression to !   
m9d1 reliev+1 ) its beautiful contra/s (
 :ite & gray & slate1 ! sombre blocks ( 
r$ or br[n build+s :i* surr\nd x1 &     
actually light5+ up ! r prosaic qu>t] 9 
:i* x /&s4 ,too mu* praise _c be accord$
 to ! ar*itect = ! comb9ations ( color  
:i* he has infus$ into 8 design2 &1     
grant+ t 9 ?is respect he has committ$  
"s errors ( detail1 !y are trifl+ 9     
comp>ison ) ! good effects :i* w        
probably result f ! future employm5t (  
?is means ( embelli%m5t4 ,:at if ! idea1
 imp]fectly embodi$ 9 ?is exp]im5tal    
build+1 %\ld 9 ! end compass ! ov]?r[ ( 
t ta/e :i* leads u to build gloomy piles
 ( br[n h\ses1 ov]laid ) tawdry         
ornam5tation1 & pron\nce !m beautiful8  
,:5 su* an innovation is attempt$ & f9ds
 ev5 a mod]ate degree ( favor1 !re is   
hope t ! era ( ar*itectural coldness &  

pov]ty may yet pass away4 ,! c>v+       
pr(usely di/ribut$ on bo? ! ext]ior &   
int]ior ( ! build+1 & ( :i*1 we are     
told1 ! fl[]s & leaves ( our woods h    
furni%$ ! models1 is = ! mo/ "p         
exquisite 9 design & execution4 ,"h1 at 
lea/1 is naturali/ic art1 aga9/ :i* !   
/ickl]s = idealism c (f] no objection1 s
 beautiful & appropriate are ! designs1 
& s sugge/ive ( ! necessity ( go+ back  
to nature = inspiration4 ,if ! new      
,academy possess$ no o!r m]it ?an ?is1 x
 w\ld nev]!less subs]ve a useful purpose
 9 ! developm5t ( ta/e4  ,hav+ devot$ s 
mu* space to ! build+1 we c only allude 
g5]ally to ! cont5ts ( its gall]ies1 (  
:i* we propose to speak m at l5g? 9 a   
future notice4 ,! exhibition1 ?\gh      
inf]ior to ^? ( "s ye>s 9 ! numb]1      
exce$s !m all 9 ! quality ( its         
pictures1 & pres5ts on ! :ole a         
cr$itable & enc\rag+ view ( ! progress (
 ,am]ican art4 ,if ! capacity ( !       
gall]ies is n s great z 0 expect$1 !re  
is on ! o!r h& less dang] t ! eye w be  

(f5d$ by a long array ( unsightly works1
 & we may probably bid good-bye to !    
mon/rosities ( composition & color :i* !
 ,academy 0 =m]ly compell$ to receive1 9
 ord] to eke out its annual exhibitions4
 ,su* has be5 ! increase 9 ! numb] ( our
 resid5t arti/s ( late ye>s1 t b a      
limit$ numb] ( pictures1 & ^?           
consequ5tly _! be/ ef=ts1 c h5ce=? be   
contribut$ by ea*4 ,?is fact alone w    
ensure a con/antly increas+ improvem5t  
to succe$+ exhibitions4 ,z usual1       
l&scape pr$om9ates1 ) e v>iety (        
treatm5t & motive1 f ,academic          
g5]alization & pure naturalism d[n to   
,pre-,raphaelitism & hopeful ?\gh       
some:at imp]fect attempts at ideal      
s5tim5t4 ,portraiture & g5re are also   
well repres5t$1 ) a fair proportion (   
animal1 fl[]1 & /ill-life pieces1 & ( ! 
num]\s family ( miscellane\s subjects   
:i* defy classification4 ,hi/ory is ev5 
less affect$ ?an usual1 ! dramatic      
episodes ( ! great rebellion fail+ to   
sugge/ subjects to our pa9t]s o!r ?an ^?

 ( an indirect or m]ely probable "*4 ,s 
f> z ! pres5t exhibition may be suppos$ 
to af=d an #dbc indication1 high art1 & 
p>ticul>ly t bran* ( x :i* illu/rates   
sacr$ hi/ory1 is defunct among--u a     
circum/ance :i* ^? :o h witness$ previ\s
 ef=ts by contempor>y ,am]ican pa9t]s 9 
t dep>tm5t w n p]haps regret4 ,!        
pictures are g5]ally hung ) judgm5t1 & 9
 a _s ( fairness :i* ought to satisfy1  
?\gh x w n probably 9 e in/ance1 ! dem&s
 ( exhibitors4 ,& x may be add$ t !y    
appe> to good effect1 & are daily       
admir$1 us+ ! ^w 9 its d]iv$ z well z   
its m common s5se1 by ?rongs ( visitors4
    ,*ur*1 ! l&scape pa9t]1 has rec5tly 
gone to ! ,we/ ,indies1 ) ! int5tion (  
pass+ ! summ] 9 ! m\nta9 region (       
,jamaica1 :]e he w d\btless f9d abundant
 mat]ials = /udy4 ,he leaves beh9d a    
l>ge unf9i%$ "w ( great promise1 ,!     
,ra9b[ 9 ! ,tropics1 & "s complet$ ones 
( less dim5sions4  ,aug]o1 an ,italian  
arti/1 has rec5tly complet$ = a *ur* 9  
,bo/on a picture ( ,/4 ,&rew be>+ !     

cross1 ( :i* a contempor>y says3 ,mr4   
,aug]o has dep>t$ f ! traditional types 
t h desc5d$ to him1 & has treat$ !      
picture 9 a mann] entirely 8 own4 ,!    
head ( ! sa9t is f9ely h&l$1 &1 )\t be+ 
too mu* spiritualiz$1 has suffici5t ( ! 
ideal to give x value bo? z a *ur*      
picture & a "w ( art4 ,9 g5]al          
arrangem5t & color ! "w is especially to
 be admir$4 ,?is arti/ is said to h     
receiv$ q a numb] ( commissions =       
ecclesia/ical decoration4  ,palm] is    
complet+ a bu/ ( ,wa%+ton ,irv+1 :i* has
 be5 pron\nc$ by ! fri5ds ( ! latt] a   
successful lik5ess4  ,an essay on       
,gu/ave ,dore1 by ,b4 ,p4 ,g4 ,hamilton1
 w soon be publi%$ by ,leypoldt (       
,philadelphia4  ,! spr+ exhibition ( !  
,p5nsylvania ,academy ( ,f9e ,arts is n[
 op5 9 ,philadelphia4 ,! collections are
 said to be l>ge & to repres5t all      
dep>tm5ts ( pa9t+4    ,=eign4--,!       
,exhibition ( ! ,society ( ,briti%      
,arti/s & ! ,g5]al ,exhibition ( ,wat]  
,color ,draw+s op5$ 9 ,london 9 ! latt] 

"p ( ,april4 ,! =m] conta9s m ?an a ?\s&
 pictures1 few ( :i*1 x is said1 rise   
above ! mo/ common av]age (             
picture-mak+1 :ile ! great] "p fall bel[
 x4 ,!re is some?+ v depress+1 says !   
,read]1 ab\t su* a l>ge display (       
commonplace art4 ,x is almo/ pa9ful to h
 ! fact =c$ ^u "o's m9d1 t ! ?\ght &    
labor repres5t$ 9 all ^! pictures is    
misappli$1 if n wa/$2 = to ?is          
conclusion we mu/ come1 if we br+ !     
display 9 ,suffolk /reet to ! te/ (     
comp>ison ) any real "w ( art4 ,a f9e   
picture by ,l&se] or ,millais w\ld      
outweigh1 9 intr9sic value1 ! :ole      
collection4 ,d5ude ! ,royal ,academy    
exhibition ( ! works ( ,l&se]1 ,millais1
 ,philip1 & o!r ( its mo/ accompli%$    
contributors1 & subtract f x at ! same  
"t ! works ( promise :i* l5d to x s     
great an int]e/1 & we %\ld h a second   
,suffolk /reet exhibition1 *>act]iz$ by 
a simil> dead level ( m$iocrity &       
insipidity2 = nei!r highly accompli%$ "w
 nor sign ( promise is to be se5 9 ?is !

 =ty-second annual exhibition ( !       
,society ( ,briti% ,arti/s4 ,f :i* x    
w\ld appe> t contempor>y art 9 ,engl&   
gives no rem>kable promise4  ,a l>ge    
collection ( ! late ,john ,lee*'s       
sket*es1 etc41 0 lately sold 9 ,london4 
,x compris$ ! orig9al designs = !       
political c>toons & pictures ( life & "*
 :i* h appe>$ 9 ,pun* dur+ ! la/ tw5ty  
ye>s2 ! designs = ! ,+oldsby ,leg5ds1   
,jorrock's ,hunt1 ,ask ,mamma1 ,mr4     
,facey ,rom=d's ,h\nds1 & o!r sport+    
novels1 & sev]al pictures 9 oil4 ,!     
prices ran v high1 ! net result be+     
,l#d1jhi4  ,! collection ( pa9t+s & wat]
 color draw+s by ! be/ mod]n ,briti%    
arti/s1 =m$ by ,mr4 ,john ,kn[les1 (    
,man*e/]1 0 rec5tly dispos$ ( 9 ,london 
at v h&some prices4 ,! *ief attraction 0
 ,rosa ,bonheur's ,mulete]s ,cross+ !   
,pyr5ees1 :i* br\ght #b1jjj gu9eas4 ,!  
collection realiz$ ,l#ba1gej4           
,prep>ations are mak+ to remove !       
c>toons ( ,raphael f ,hampton ,c\rt to !
 new nor? fire-pro( gall]y 9 ! ,s\?     

,k5s+ton ,museum1 =m]ly occupi$ by !    
,briti% pictures ( ! ,national ,gall]y4 
,! ,great ,p\rtales sale has clos$ #dbd 
aft] la/+ upw>d ( a mon? & realiz+ a sum
 total ( ne>ly ?ree millions ( francs4  
,a ,p>is pap] /ates t1 consid]+ ! int]e/
 ( ! sums exp5d$ 9 =m+ ! collection z   
money lo/1 ! sale w give a pr(it on !   
outlay ( a million & a half ( francs1 or
 ab\t a hundr$ p] c5t4--a notable       
illu/ration ( ! mania = picture buy+ n[ 
prevail+ 9 ,europe4 ,! own] di$ t5 ye>s 
ago1 leav+ directions t ! collection    
%\ld n be sold until #ahfd1 = :i* 8     
heirs & repres5tatives are d\btless     
prop]ly grateful4 ,! foll[+ w give an   
idea ( ! prices fet*$ by ! be/ pictures3
 ,campagne1 ,ph4 de3 ,! ,m>riage ( !    
,virg91 =m]ly ! alt>-piece ( ! *apel ( !
 ,palais ,royal1 sold = #dc1ejj;f4      
,hals1 ,francis3 ,an unkn[n portrait ( a
 man2 8 left h& lean+ on 8 hip & t\*+ ! 
h&le ( 8 sword1 #ea1jjj;f4 ,rembr&t3    
,portrait ( a ,burgoma/]1 #cd1ejj;f4 ,by
 ! same3 ,portrait ( a vet]an soldi]    

seat$ at a table1 #bg1jjj;f4 ,murillo3  
,! ,triumph ( ! ,eu*>i/2 ) ! words ,9   
f9em dilexit eos1 #fg1ejj;f42 b\ght = ! 
,l\vre4 ,by ! same3 ,! ,virg9 b5d+ ov] !
 infant ,*ri/1 :om %e presses to h]     
bosom1 #ah1jjj;f4 ,by ! same3 ,/4       
,joseph hold+ ! infant ,*ri/ by ! h&1   
#ae1jjj;f4 ,velasquez3 ,! ,orl&o ,mu]to1
 a b>e-head$ w>rior1 9 a black cuirass1 
ly+ dead 9 a grotto /rewn ) human bones1
 8 "r h& on 8 brea/1 8 left on ! gu>d ( 
8 sword2 f ! ro( ( ! grotto hangs a     
lamp1 9 :i* ! flame is flick]+1         
#cg1jjj;f4 ,alb]t ,dur]3 ,a p5 draw+1   
repres5t+ ,samson1 ( colossal size1 r\t+
 ! ,phili/9es ) ! jaw-bone ( an ass1    
#d1ejj;f4 ,a portrait by ,antonelli di  
,mess9a1 b\ght ye>s ago 9 ,flor5ce by   
,p\rtales = #a1ejj;f41 & apprais$ 9 8   
inv5tory at #bj1jjj;f41 0 sold to !     
,l\vre1 :]e x n[ hangs 9 ! salon c>re1 =
 #aac1jjj;f4  ,gu/ave ,dore is ann\nc$  
to h und]tak5 to illu/rate ,%akespe>e & 
! ,bible4  ,! sale ( ! ,due de ,moray's 
gall]y ( pa9t+s w take place 9 ,june4 ,x

 conta9s six ,meissoni]s1 :i* co/1 at ! 
utmo/1 n above #fj1jjj francs1 b :i* w  
n[ probably fet* m ?an d\ble t price4   
,a picture by ,rib]a1 repres5t+ ,/4     
,luke tak+ ! lik5ess ( ! ,virg91 0 sold 
rec5tly 9 ,p>is = #ba1jjj;f4  ,fr5*     
l&scape art has lo/ "o ( its *ief       
illu/rators 9 ! p]son ( ,con/ant        
,troyon1 :o di$ 9 ! latt] "p ( ,m>*1 ag$
 ab\t fifty-two4 ,he has be5 call$ !    
creator ( ! mod]n ,fr5* s*ool ( l&scape1
 & delight$ 9 *e]ful aspects ( nature1  
:i* he r5d]$ ) ma/]ly skill4 ,rural     
life1 ) its pleas+ accessories ( w9d+   
/reams1 picturesque l[ banks1 gr\ps (   
cattle1 & %ady hamlets1 =m$ ! favorite  
subjects ( 8 p5cil2 & ?\gh 8 /yle 0 n   
always exact1 he succe$$ 9 infus+ an    
unusual degree ( physical life into 8   
pictures1 )\t ev] deg5]at+ into m]e     
naturalism4 ,z a colori/ he excell$ all 
contempor>y animal & l&scape pa9t]s1 &  
us$ 8 bru% ) a fre$om rivall+ t (       
,delacroix4 ,he di$ insane1 & is said to
 h left a =tune ( #a1bjj1jjj francs4 ,"s

 ( 8 pictures are own$ 9 ,new ,york4  ,a
 pa9t+ by ,murillo1 f ! collection ( !  
late ,m>quis ,aguado1 repres5t+ ! dea? (
 ,santa ,cl>a1 has be5 sold to ! ,royal 
,gall]y ( ,madrid = #ge1jjj francs4     
----  #dbe   ,,new ,,publications4   ,,!
 ,,correlation ,,& ,,cons]vation ,,(    
,,=ces3 ,a ,,s]ies ,,( ,,expositions1 by
 ,pr(4 ,grove1 ,pr(4 ,helmholtz1 ,dr4   
,may]1 ,dr4 ,f>aday1 ,pr(4 ,liebig1 &   
,dr4 ,c>p5t]4 ,) an ,introduction &     
brief ,biographical ,notices ( ! *ief   
,promot]s ( ! new views4 ,by ,edw>d ,l4 
,y\mans1 ,m4,d4 #abmo41 pp4 xlii41 #dch4
 ,new ,york3 ,d4 ,appleton  ,company4   
,religi\s writ]s h repeat$ly deplor$ !  
mat]iali/ic t5d5cy ( mod]n sci5tific    
rese>*1 & 9 _m cases1 no d\bt1 !        
compla9t is a j "o4 ,b we mu/ n =get t !
 bad t5d5cy is 9 ! philosophical sy/em  
:i* is s\ght to be built ^u ! facts (   
discov]y1 n 9 ! facts !mselves4 ,e      
developm5t1 ( tru?1 e fre% unveil+ ( !  
me*anism ( ! univ]se1 mu/ ( necessity   
r$\nd to ! great] glory ( ,god4 ,& x    

seems to u t no sci5tific !ory :i* has  
be5 broa*$ = _m ye>s speaks m glori\sly 
( ! dispos+ & ov]-rul+ h& ( an all-wise 
,creator ?an ! "o to :i* ! volume n[    
be=e u is devot$4 ,if !re c\ld be any   
place = comp>ison 9 speak+ ( ! ex]cise (
 omnipot5ce1 we might say t ! new view (
 ! nature & mode ( action ( ! physical  
=ces repres5ts creation z a f> m        
m>vell\s act ?an ! old "o did4  ,we     
speak ( ! correlation & cons]vation (   
=ce z a new !ory because x is only      
lately t x has attract$ mu* att5tion    
beyond ! high] sci5tific circles1 &     
inde$ x w\ld p]haps be go+ too f> to say
 t x is yet firmly e/abli%$4 ,x has be5 
develop+ h[ev] = a numb] ( ye>s1 & ! mo/
 di/+ui%$ exp]ts 9 physical sci5ce h =  
"s "t accept$ x ) rem>kable unanimity4  
,9 ! book ^: title we h giv5 above1 ,dr4
 ,y\rnans has br\ght toge!r eight ( !   
mo/ valuable essays 9 :i* ! !ory has be5
 ma9ta9$ or expla9$ by its f\nd]s & *ief
 support]s4 ,he has made 8 selection )  
excell5t judgm5t1 & prefix$ to ! :ole a 

cle> & well-writt5 introduction1 by !   
aid ( :i* any read] ( ord9>y education w
 be able to appreciate :at foll[s4 ,!   
longe/ & mo/ important essay is t by    
,pr(essor ,grove on ,! ,correlation (   
,physical ,=ces4  ,=ce is def9$ by      
,pr(essor ,grove z t active pr9ciple    
insep>able f matt] :i* induces its v>i\s
 *anges4 ,9 o!r words1 x is ! ag5t or   
produc] ( *ange or motion4 ,!           
modifications ( ?is g5]al ag5t--heat1   
light1 electricity1 magnetism1 *emical  
aff9ity1 gravity1 cohesive attraction1  
etc4--are call$ ! physical =ces4 ,9 _m  
cases1 :]e "o ( ^! is excit$ all ! o!rs 
are set 9 motion3 ?us :5 sulphuret (    
antimony is electrifi$1 at ! mom5t (    
electrization x becomes magnetic2 at !  
same "t x is heat$2 if ! heat is rais$  
to a c]ta9 int5sity1 light is produc$2 !
 comp\nd is decompos$1 & *emical action 
is !reby br\ght into play2 & s on4      
,moreov]1 we _c magnetize a body )\t    
electriz+ x1 & vice-v]sa4 ,?is necess>y 
reciprocal production is :at is und]/ood

 by ! t]m correlation ( =ces--or 9 o!r  
words1 we may say t any "o ( ! natural  
=ces may be conv]t$ into ano!r mode (   
=ce1 & may be reproduc$ by ! same =ce4  
,a /rik+ example ( ! conv]sion ( heat   
into electricity is furni%$ by an       
exp]im5t ( ,seebeck's4 ,two dissimil>   
metals are br\ght toge!r & heat$ at !   
po9t ( contact4 ,a curr5t ( electricity 
fl[s ?r\gh ! metals1 hav+ a def9ite     
direction accord+ to ! metals employ$2  
cont9ues z long z an increas+ temp]ature
 is p]vad+ ! metals2 ceases :5 !        
temp]ature is /ation>y2 & fl[s backw>d  
:5 ! heat beg9s to decrease4 ,! imm$iate
 conv]tibility ( heat into light is n   
yet e/abli%$ beyond "q1 al?\gh ^! two   
=ces exhibit _m curi\s analogies ) ea*  
o!r4 ,b heat ?r\gh ! m$ium ( electricity
 may easily be turn$ into light1 *emical
 aff9ity1 magnetism1 etc4 ,electricity  
directly produces heat1 z 9 ! ignit$    
wire1 ! electric sp>k1 & ! #dbf voltaic 
arc4 ,! la/-nam$ ph5om5on--! flame :i*  
plays betwe5 ! t]m9al po9ts ( a p[]ful  

voltaic batt]y produces ! mo/ int5se    
heat ) :i* we are acqua9t$2 s int5se1 9 
fact1 t x _c be measur$1 z e sort (     
matt] is dissipat$ by x4 ,= in/ance1 x  
actually di/ils or volatilizes iron1 a  
metal :i* by ord9>y means is fusible    
only at a v high temp]ature4 ,! voltaic 
arc also produces ! mo/ int5se light t  
we "k (4 ,in/ances ( ! conv]sion (      
electricity into magnetism & *emical    
action are famili> to ev]ybody4 ,!      
reciprocal relations ( light ) o!r modes
 ( =ce are ?us f> v imp]fectly kn[n4    
,pr(essor ,grove h[ev] describes an     
exp]im5t by :i* light is made to produce
 simultane\sly *emical action1          
electricity1 magnetism1 heat1 & motion4 
,! conv]sion ( light into *emical =ce 9 
photography is ano!r exemplification ( !
 law ( correlation1 & ,buns5 & ,roscoe h
 exp]im5tally %[n t c]ta9 rays ( light  
are ext+ui%$ or absorb$ 9 do+ *emical   
"w4 ,a famili> example ( ! *ange ( light
 into heat is se5 9 ! ph5om5a ( :at is  
t]m$ ! absorption ( light4 ,place       

diff]5t color$ pieces ( clo? on sn[     
expos$ to sun%9e3 black w absorb ! mo/  
light1 & w also develop ! mo/ heat1 z   
may be se5 by its s9k+ deepe/ 9 ! sn[2  
:ite1 :i* absorbs little or no light1 w 
n s9k at all4  ,! evolution ( "o =ce or 
mode ( =ce into ano!r has naturally     
induc$ _m to reg>d all ! diff]5t natural
 ag5cies z r$ucible to unity1 & mu*     
+5uity has be5 exp5d$ on ! "q :i* =ce is
 ! effici5t cause ( all ! o!rs4 ,"o says
 electricity1 ano!r *emical action1     
ano!r gravity4 ,pr(essor ,grove believes
 t all are wrong3 ea* mode ( =ce may    
produce ! o!rs1 & none c be produc$     
except by "s o!r z an ant]ior =ce4 ,we c
 no m det]m9e :i* is ! effici5t cause   
?an we c det]m9e :e!r ! *ick5 is ! cause
 ( ! egg1 or ! egg ! cause ( ! *ick54 ,!
 t5d5cy ( rec5t rese>*es h[ev] is t[>d !
 conclusion t all ! physical =ces are   
simply modes ( motion2 t z1 9 ! case (  
friction1 ! gross or palpable motion :i*
 is arre/$ by ! contact ( ano!r body1 is
 subdivid$ into molecul> motions or     

vibrations 7or z ,helmholtz expresses x1
 peculi> %iv]+ motions ( ! ultimate     
p>ticles ( bodies71 :i* motions are only
 heat or electricity1 z ! case may be2 s
 ! o!r affections are only matt] mov$ or
 molecul>ly agitat$ 9 c]ta9 def9ite     
directions4 ,! id5tity ( motion ) heat 0
 e/abli%$ 9 ! la/ c5tury by our         
c\ntryman1 ,c\nt ,rum=d1 & has lately   
be5 beautifully illu/rat$ by ,pr(essor  
,tyndall 9 8 *>m+ lectures on ,heat     
consid]$ z a ,mode ( ,motion4 ,dr4      
,may]1 ( ,heilbronn1 & ,mr4 ,j\le1 (    
,man*e/]1 indep5d5tly ( ea* o!r1        
e/abli%$ ! exact ratio betwe5 heat &    
motive p[]1 %[+ t a quantity ( heat     
suffici5t to raise "o p\nd ( wat] "o    
degree ,fahr5heit 9 temp]ature is able  
to raise to ! height ( "o foot a weight 
( #ggb p\nds2 & conv]sely1 t a weight ( 
#ggb p\nds fall+ f a height ( "o foot   
evolves en\gh heat to raise ! temp]ature
 ( a p\nd ( wat] "o degree4 ,t is1 ?is  
quantity ( =ce1 express$ z #ggb         
foot-p\nds1 is to be reg>d$ z !         

me*anical equival5t ( #a deg4 (         
temp]ature4 ,pr(essor ,grove consid]s at
 "s l5g? ! id5tity ( motion ) o!r =ms ( 
=ce1 especially electricity & magnetism1
 & alludes briefly to ! inevitable      
consequ5ce ( ?is !ory1 t ! diff]5t =ces 
mu/ be> an exact quantitative relation  
to ea* o!r4 ,! great problem :i* rema9s 
to be solv$1 he says1 9 reg>d to !      
correlation ( physical =ces1 is ?is     
e/abli%m5t ( _! equival5ts ( p[]1 or _! 
measurable relation to a giv5 /&>d4  ,! 
doctr9e ( ! cons]vation or p]si/5ce (   
=ce seems to fl[ naturally f :at has be5
 said above4 ,x means simply t =ce is   
nev] de/roy$3 :5 x ceases to exi/ 9 "o  
=m x only passes into ano!r4 ,p[] or    
en]gy1 l matt]1 is nei!r creat$ nor     
annihilat$3 ,?\gh ev] *ang+ =m1 its     
total quantity 9 ! univ]se rema9s       
con/ant & unalt]able4 ,e manife/ation ( 
=ce mu/ h come f a pre-exi/+ equival5t  
=ce1 & mu/ give rise to a subsequ5t &   
equal am\nt ( "s o!r =ce4 ,:51 !re=e1 a 
=ce or effect appe>s1 we are n at lib]ty

 to assume t x 0 self-orig9at$1 or #dbg 
came f no?+2 :5 x disappe>s we are      
=bidd5 to conclude t x is annihilat$3 we
 mu/ se>* & f9d :5ce x came & :i!r x has
 gone2 t is1 :at produc$ x1 & :at effect
 x has itself produc$4 7,introduction1  
p4 xiii47 ,?is bran* ( ! subject w be   
f\nd cle>ly & concisely treat$ 9        
,pr(essor ,f>aday's pap] on ,!          
,cons]vation ( ,=ce 7pp4 #cei-chc74     
,dr4 ,c>p5t] c>ries ! new !ory into !   
high] realms ( nature1 & %[s !          
applicability ( ! pr9ciple ( correlation
 & cons]vation to ! vital ph5om5a ( gr[?
 & developm5t4 ,^! =ces1 he says1 are   
g5]at$ 9 liv+ bodies by ! trans=mation (
 ! light1 heat1 & *emical action suppli$
 by ! _w ar\nd1 & are giv5 back to x    
aga91 ei!r dur+ _! life1 or aft] its    
cessation1 *iefly 9 motion & heat1 b    
also1 to a less degree1 9 light &       
electricity4 ,vital =ce is t p[] by     
virtue ( :i* a g]m end[$ ) life is      
develop$ into an organization ( a type  
resembl+ t ( its p>5ts1 & :i*           

subsequ5tly ma9ta9s t organism 9 its    
integrity4 ,! preval5t op9ion until     
lately has be5 t ?is =ce is inh]5t 9 !  
g]m1 :i* has be5 suppos$ to d]ive f its 
p>5t n m]ely its mat]ial sub/ance1 b a  
g]m-=ce1 9 virtue ( :i* x develops &    
ma9ta9s itself1 beside imp>t+ a fraction
 ( ! same =ce to ea* ( its desc5dants4  
,9 ?is view ( ! "q1 ! aggregate ( all ! 
g]m-=ces app]ta9+ to ! desc5dants1 h[ev]
 num]\s1 ( a common p>5tage1 mu/ h exi/$
 9 ! orig9al prog5itors4 ,take ! case ( 
! successive vivip>\s broods ( ,aphides1
 :i* 7x has be5 calculat$7 w\ld am\nt 9 
! t5? brood to ! bulk ( five hundr$     
millions ( /\t m53 a g]m-=ce capable (  
organiz+ ?is va/ mass ( liv+ /ructure   
mu/ h be5 %ut up 9 ! s+le individual1   
weigh+ p]haps ! #a-ajjj? ( a gra91 f :i*
 ! fir/ brood 0 evolv$6 ,s1 too1 9 ,adam
 mu/ h be5 conc5trat$ ! g]m-=ce ( e     
individual ( ! human race1 f ! creation 
to ! end ( ! _w4 ,?is1 says ,dr4        
,c>p5t]1 is a complete r$uctio ad       
absurdum4 ,accord+ to 8 !ory1 ! g]m     

supplies n ! =ce1 b ! directive ag5cy4  
,! vital =ce ( an animal or a plant is  
suppli$ by ! same physical ag5cies :i*  
we h consid]$ above4  ,dr4 ,y\mans 9 8  
introduction is dispos$ to pu% ?is "p ( 
! subject yet fur!r1 & to id5tify       
physical ) intellectual =ce2 b into ?is 
dang]\s region x is unnecess>y to foll[ 
him4  ,"s ( ! explanations ( natural    
ph5om5a :i* are drawn z coroll>ies f !  
new !ory ( =ces are 9 ! highe/ degree   
curi\s & beautiful4 ,_m ( our read]s w  
f9d ,dr4 ,may]'s pap] ,on ,cele/ial     
,dynamics "o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ portions ( 
! book4 ,he applies ! pr9ciple ( !      
conv]tibility ( heat & motion to ! "q ( 
! orig9 ( ! sun's heat1 :i* he ascribes 
to ! fall ( a/]oids ^u ! sun's surface4 
,t an imm5se numb] ( cosmical bodies are
 mov+ ?r\gh ! heav5s & /ream+ t[>d !    
sol> surface1 is well kn[n to all       
physici/s4 ,n[ x is calculat$ t a s+le  
a/]oid fall+ into ! sun g5]ates f #d1fjj
 to #i1bjj times z mu* heat z w\ld be   
g5]at$ by ! combu/ion ( an equal mass ( 

coal1 & ! mass ( matt] :i* 9 ! =m (     
a/]oids falls into ! sun e m9ute is f   
two to f\r hundr$ ?\s& billions ( p\nds6
 ,! enorm\s heat :i* mu/ be evolv$ by   
su* a bomb>dm5t is almo/ inconceivable4 
,,real ,,& ,,ideal4 ,by ,john ,w4       
,montclair4 #abmo41 pp4 #aai4           
,philadelphia3 ,fr$]ick ,leypoldt4 ,new 
,york3 ,hurd  ,h\ghton4  ,?is is a da9ty
 little volume ( poems1 p>tly translat$ 
f ! ,g]man1 p>tly ! (fspr+ ( ! native   
muse4 ,!y are simple1 unpret5d+1 & z a  
g5]al ?+ melodi\s4 ,! au?or probably has
 n aspir$ to a v high place 9 ! temple (
 fame2 )\t ! ambition to produce any?+ v
 /rik+ or v orig9al1 he has be5 satisfi$
 ) ! endeavor :i* he pi?ily expresses 9 
8 ,prologue3    ,cle>] to ?9k :at o!rs  
?\ght be=e--   ,ke5ly to feel ?'        
afflictions ( our race--   ,bett] to say
 :at o!rs (t h said--  & if he does n   
always ?9k cle>] & speak bett] ?an ^? 9 
^: foot/eps he treads1 !re is at all    
ev5ts t 9 8 v]se :i* promises bett] #dbh
 ?+s aft] m practice4 ,8 faults are     

*iefly ^? ( c>elessness & inexp]i5ce4 ,8
 metaphors are sup]abundant1 & sometimes
 incongru\s4 ,he has a good e> = rhy?m2 
b we (t5 f9d him tripp+ 9 8 prosody4    
,(t5 too ! requirem5ts ( ! metre lead   
him to eke out a l9e ) expletives1 or   
weak5 x ) unnecess>y epi!ts4  ,b we c   
comm5d ! book = its heal?y tone4 ,mr4   
,montclair has no t5d5cy t[>d ! morbid  
psy*ological s*ool ( poetry4 ,he        
delights r 9 ! contemplation ( nature1 &
 9 moraliz+ on ! life & aspirations (   
man4 ,9 nei!r does he discov] mu* t is  
new2 b ! natural beauties :i* he s+s are
 ^? ( :i* we d n easily tire1 & 8 moral 
reflections are j ?\gh !y may n be      
pr(\nd4 ,= ! matt] ( 8 translations he  
has *os5 "s ( ! simple/ & %orte/ ( !    
,g]man leg5d>y ballads4 ,sev]al ( !m are
 r5d]$ ) consid]able neatness &         
delicacy4 ,! foll[+ v]sion ( a ballad to
 :i* att5tion has be5 p>ticul>ly call$ (
 late1 is a favorable specim5 ( ,mr4    
,montclair's p[]s3       ,,l5ore4       
,above ! />s are tw9kl+--   ,! moon is  

%9+ bright--   ,& ! dead !y ride by     
night4    ',my love1 wilt ope ?y w9d[8  
,i _c long rema91   ,& may n come aga94 
',! cock already cr[s--   ,tells ( !    
dawn+ day1   ,& w>ns me f> away4    ',my
 j\rney di/ant lies2   ,af> ) !e1 my    
bride1   ,a hundr$ leagues we'll ride4  
',9 ,hung>y's fair l&   ,i've f\nd a    
tranquil spot1   ,a little g>d5 plot4   
',& !re1 )9 ! gre51   ,a little cottage 
re/s1   ,befitt+ bridal gue/s4'    ',oh1
 ?\ ha/ l+]$ long2   ,belov$1 welcome   
"h--   ,lead on1 ,i'll nev] fe>4'       
',s1 wrap my mantle 'r\nd2   ,! moon w  
be our guide1   ,& quick by night we'll 
ride4'    ',:5 w our j\rney end8   ,=   
heavy gr[s my sight1   ,& lonely is !   
night4'    ',yon gate leads to our home3
   ,our bridal t\r is done--   ,my      
purpose n[ is won4    ',dism\nt we f our
 /e$2   ,"h lay ?y a*+ head--   ,?is    
tomb's our bridal b$4    ',n[ art ?\    
truly m9e3   ,i rode away ?y brea?--    
,?\ art ! bride ( dea?6'   ,,fai?1 ,,!  
,,victory2 ,,on ,a ,,compreh5sive ,,view

 ,,( ,,! ,,pr9cipal ,,doctr9es ,,( ,,!  
,,*ri/ian ,,religion4 ,by ,rt4 ,rev4    
,john ,mc,gill1 ,d4,d41 ,bi%op (        
,ri*mond4 #abmo41 pp4 viii41 #ccf4      
,ri*mond3 ,j4 ,w4 ,r&olph4  ,?is "w is a
 curiosity z a specim5 ( ! lit]ature ( !
 late ,conf$]ate ,/ates ( ,am]ica1 & (  
c\rse its typography & g5]al execution  
are pla9 & unpret5d+4 ,! "w itself is ! 
production ( a prelate ( high "* &      
reputation = 8 ?or\gh !ological         
erudition & ability z a writ]1 & z a    
cle> logical exp\nd] ( ,ca?olic doctr9e4
 ,x is writt5 9 a v sy/ematic & exact   
mann]2 ! /yle is t]se1 ! treatm5t (     
topics brief b compreh5sive2 & yet1 s   
lucid are ! /atem5ts & s simple !       
language1 t x is ?r\gh\t intelligible to
 ! ord9>y read]1 & 9 great "p s to any  
"o ( good common s5se :o c read ,engli% 
& is able to und]/& a pla91 simple      
treatise on religi\s doctr9e4 ,x may be 
*>act]iz$ z an elem5t>y treatise on     
!ology = ! laity1 & z su* is adapt$ to  
be v useful to ,ca?olics1 & also to ^?  

non-,ca?olics :o reta9 ! doctr9e ( ! old
 or?odox ,prote/ant tradition4 ,! "r    
rev]5d au?or is ?r\gh\t c>eful to       
discrim9ate betwe5 ! def9$ doctr9e ( !  
,*ur* & ! tea*+ ( !ologians1 & is       
extremely cauti\s 9 exp\nd+ 8 op9ion on 
^? topics :i* are controv]t$ betwe5 !   
diff]5t s*ools4 ,! au?ority ( ! ,ca?olic
 ,*ur* is e/abli%$ by ! usual pla9 &    
irresi/ible d$uctions f ! premises      
admitt$ by ^? :o fully accept           
,*ri/ianity z a div9e revelation & !    
,scripture z ! infallible ^w ( ,god4 ,! 
dogmas ( ! #dbi ,ca?olic fai? are /at$ 9
 ! pla9 ord9>y language ( ! ,*ur*1 ) "s 
acc\nt ( ! pr9cipal me?ods ( expla9+    
difficulties 9 vogue among !ologians1 & 
) pro(s d]iv$ f ,scriptures & tradition4
 ,! /ress ( ! entire argum5t re/s       
pr9cipally on ! evid5ce t ! ,ca?olic    
dogmas h be5 reveal$ by ,god & cle>ly   
d$uc$ by ! infallible au?ority ( !      
,*ur*1 consequ5tly mu/ be believ$ z     
c]ta9 tru?s4 ,! l9e ( fracture1 :]e t   
fragm5t ( ,*ri/ianity call$ or?odox     

,prote/antism 0 brok5 (f f ! integral   
sy/em ( ,*ri/ian doctr9e at !           
,re=mation1 is di/9ctly trac$1 & or?odox
 ,prote/ants are %[n t !y are logically 
compell$ to complete _! own belief by   
becom+ ,ca?olics4 ,! old ,prote/ant     
tradition has a f> m ext5sive sway 9 !  
s\!rn /ates ?an among ourselves1 & ?is  
excell5t treatise w no d\bt be ! means (
 br++ numb]s ( ^? :o are well-dispos$1 &
 ne$ only to be taught :at ! reveal$    
doctr9es ( ,*ri/ianity really are1 into 
! bosom ( ! ,*ur*4 ,9 ?is section ( !   
,unit$ ,/ates1 ! great] portion ( ^? :o 
are will+ to exam9e ! evid5ces ( !      
,ca?olic religion h float$ f> away f _! 
old l&-m>ks4 ,9 ord] to rea* _! m9ds1 x 
is necess>y to pres5t ! rational        
argum5ts :i* w solve _! difficulties mu*
 m fully ?an is done 9 ?is treatise1 &  
to int]pret = !m ecclesia/ical &        
!ological =mulas 9 :i* div9e tru?s are  
embodi$ 9 language :i* is intelligible  
to _! intellect 9 its pres5t /ate4 ,!y  
are ei!r extreme rationali/s or mod]ate 

rationali/s2 t is1 !y ei!r reject !     
sup]natural revelation entirely1 or     
admit only s mu* ( x z c be prov$ to !m 
to be true on gr\nds ( pure reason4     
,h5ce1 we are oblig$ to beg9 ) !        
intr9sic evid5ce ( ! tru? &             
reasonabl5ess ( ! ,ca?olic fai?1 be=e we
 c br+ ! =ce ( extr9sic revelation by ! 
au?ority ( ! ,*ur* to be> ^u _! m9d4    
,we welcome ! pres5t ( ?is treatise f ! 
,bi%op ( ,ri*mond = ano!r reason1 z well
 z = its intr9sic value4 ,x is a sign ( 
! r5ewal ( t ecclesia/ical int]c\rse )  
our bre?r5 ( ! s\!rn /ates :i* has s    
long be5 int]rupt$4  ,&1 9 conclusion1  
we desire to call p>ticul> att5tion to !
 ensu+ extract1 z an evid5ce ( !        
falsehood ( ! *>ge :i* our enemies are  
at pres5t dispos$ to make aga9/ !       
,ca?olic ,*ur* ( sanction+ "s ( ! wor/  
enormities ( slav]y3  ,& "h we w\ld take
 occasion to deplore ! conduct ( ! civil
 gov]nm5t 9 ?is c\ntry1 reg>d+ !        
matrimonial contract ( slaves1 :i*1 ?\gh
 ! rul]s pr(ess ,*ri/ianity1 is         

completely ignor$ ev5 z a civil         
contract1 & left entirely to ! caprice (
 own]s1 :o frequ5tly )\t scruple or     
hesitation1 & = ! sake ( int]e/ or ga91 
"p man & wife1  sep>ate p>5ts f _!      
*ildr51 & treat ! matrimonial union     
among !m z if x 7 really no m ?an !     
*ance association ( unreason+ animals4  
,(t51 also1 "s ( ^! m>riages are        
indissoluble by ! sacram5tal bond1 z    
well z by ! orig9al design ( ! ,creator1
 & by ! action ( ,*ri/ian proprietors & 
! neglect ( a ,*ri/ian gov]nm5t1 ^!     
sep>at$ p>ties are subject$ to !        
temptation to =m crim9al & =bidd5       
alliances1 f :i* frequ5cy1 cu/om1 & !   
condition ( s]vitude h remov$1 9 !      
public view1 ! %ame & /igma :i* !y      
possess be=e ,god1 & accord+ to ! maxims
 ( ! gospel4 ,*ri/ian proprietors w "k &
 tol]ate ^! alliances 9 _! slaves1 ev5  
:5 made )\t any =mality1 & :]e !y are   
aw>e t "o or bo? is "u ! obligation (   
o!r ties4  ,x is n c]ta9 t ! pres5t     
dreadful calamities :i* afflict ! c\ntry

 are n ! sc\rge ( ,god1 *iefly = ?is s91
 among ! _m t provoke 8 ang]1 9 our p4  
,he is n likely to leave long unpuni%$ 9
 a nation ! palpable & flagrant contempt
 ( 8 holy laws1 su* z is ev9c$ 9 ?is    
neglect or refusal to respect 9 slaves !
 hol9ess1 ! unity1 & ! indissolubility (
 m>riage4 ,x w\ld appe> t by ! pres5t   
convulsions 8 provid5ce is prep>+ = !m  
at lea/ a recognition ( ^? rights z     
immortal be+s :i* are requir$ = !       
obs]vance ( ! p>am\nt laws ( ,god4 ,& if
 citiz5s desire to see ! nation prosp] &
 enjoy ! bless+ ( ,god1 let all unite to
 procure f ! civil gov]nm5t1 = ! slaves1
 t _! m>riages be e/eem$ z ,god int5ds1 
& n be dealt ) 9 future z !y h be5      
hi!rto4  ----  #dcj  ,,mat]             
,,admirablis2 ,,or1 ,,fir/ ,,fifte5     
,,ye>s ,,( ,,m>y ,,immaculate4 ,by ,rev4
 ,alfr$ ,monn91 au?or ( ,! ,life ( !    
,cure d',ars4 ,translat$ f ! ,fr5* by ! 
,si/]s ( ,*>ity1 ,m\nt ,/4 ,v9c5t1 ,,ky4
 #abmo41 pp4 #ece4 ,new ,york3 ,james   
,b4 ,kirk]4  ,on ! wall ( a corridor 9 !

 conv5t ( ,tr9ita del ,monti1 at ,rome1 
!re is a fresco repres5t+ ! ,bless$     
,virg91 ,mat] admirabilis1 at ! age (   
fifte54 ,%e is depict$ sp9n+ flax )9 !  
prec9cts ( ! temple1 ) h] "w-basket & an
 op5 book beside h]4 ,! picture 0 pa9t$ 
"s tw5ty ye>s ago by a "y po/ulant ( !  
community ( ,ladies ( ! ,sacr$ ,he>t1 to
 :om ! ,tr9ita belongs4 ,x is n said t x
 is 9 any way rem>kable z a "w ( art2 b 
x has acquir$ a celebrity among pi\s    
,ca?olics second to t ( h>dly any       
picture 9 ! _w4 ,s9ce ! ye> #ahdf1 :5 ! 
,holy ,fa!r gave 8 solemn bless+ to !   
picture1 rem>k+ t x 0 a pi\s ?\ght to   
repres5t ! mo/ ,holy ,virg9 at an age :5
 %e seem$ to h be5 =gott51 signal favors
 h repeat$ly be5 be/[$ ^u p]sons :o h   
pray$ be=e x4 ,! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,blamp91 a  
mission>y f ,oceanica1 recov]$ 8 voice  
at ! feet ( ! ,mat] admirabilis1 9      
#ahdf1 aft] hav+ be5 depriv$ ( x =      
tw5ty-"o mon?s4 ,9 a transport (        
gratitude he obta9$ p]mission to say    
mass be=e ! fresco1 & f t day ! corridor

 became a real sanctu>y4 ,a great numb] 
( miracul\s cures 7 report$ z hav+ be5  
wr\ght !re1 & multitudes ( s9n]s :o came
 out ( m]e curiosity to gaze ^u a       
picture ( :i* s mu* _h be5 said1 7      
conv]t$ by an in/antane\s infusion (    
div9e grace4 ,9 #ahdi ,pope ,pius ,,ix41
 by an apo/olic brief1 grant$ p]mission 
= ! celebration ( ! fe/ival ( ! ,mat]   
admirabilis on ! #bj? ( ,octob]1 &      
enri*$ ! sanctu>y ) indulg5ces4 ,9      
#ahed1 by a second rescript1 he confirm$
 an indulg5ce ( ?ree hundr$ days1 :i* he
 _h previ\sly grant$ v]bally to all !   
fai?ful :o %\ld recite ?ree ,hail ,m>ies
 be=e ?is holy pa9t+1 add+ ! invocation1
 ,mat] admirabilis1 ora pro nobis2 & 9 !
 foll[+ ye> ! indulg5ces 7 ext5d$ to !  
entire ord] ( ! ,sacr$ ,he>t4 ,!        
devotion to ! ,"m mo/ admirable spread  
rapidly1 & copies ( ! pa9t+ at ! ,tr9ita
 7 soon to be f\nd 9 v>i\s p>ts (       
,europe & ,am]ica4 ,!re is "o 9 !       
,conv5t ( ! ,sacr$ ,he>t at             
,manhattanville1 ,n4 ,y41 f :i* !       

frontispiece to ! volume be=e u has be5 
engrav$4 ,i admit1 says ,fa!r ,monn91   
speak+ ( ! orig9al1 t ( all ! diff]5t   
ways by :i* art has repres5t$ ?is ,virg9
 by excell5ce1 !re is n "o :i* bett]    
corresponds ) ! beau ideal :i*1 z a     
prie/1 ,i _h lov$ to =m 9 my m9d4 ,l !  
*a/e ,madonnas ( ! mo/ f]v5t ages--^? ( 
,beato 9 p>ticul>--?is ,madonna ( !     
,lily makes "o feel & und]/& t its      
design] _h pray$ be=e pa9t+ x1 & t h]   
imag9ation1 f$ by fai? & ! love ( ,god1 
has del9eat$ ! mo/ holy virg9 *ild by   
int]ior lights d]iv$ f h] m$itations4   
,by means ( a con/ant communion ) ?+s   
div9e1 ! disciples ( ,fiesole h succe$$ 
9 plac+ !mselves z s _m m$iums betwe5 ! 
,creator & ! creature1 by transmitt+ a  
ray ( t et]nal light amid/ :i* !y live2 
we may say t ,mat] admirabilis is ( !   
s*ool ( ,fra ,angelico1 al?\gh sev]al   
c5turies h elaps$ s9ce 8 "t4 ,!re is1 z 
x 71 ! image ( a pure s\l pres]v$ ev] f 
all /a91 s5t into ! _w to be jo9$ to a  
p]fect & immaculate body1 & to become1 9

 ?is tw(old p]fection & purity1 !       
ineffable in/rum5t ( our salvation6 ,x  
is ?us ! prophet des]v$ to see h]1      
brilliantly respl5d5t ) grace &         
innoc5ce1 ) ! cle>ness ( et]nal light1 &
 ! spl5dor ( et]nal or p]petual         
virg9ity4 ,! ineffable peace :i* took   
possession ( me1 made me und]/& t beauty
 ( :i* ,/4 ,?omas speaks1 ! sight :]e(  
purifies ! s5ses4 4 4 4 ,!re 9 ! wall1  
)9 a ni*e contigu\s to ! great *ur* ( ! 
mona/]y1 is ! mo/ holy ,virg91 pa9t$ 9  
fresco at full size4 4 4 4 ,! pilgrim   
looks 9 surprise1 & v soon feels z if ! 
air ar\nd ?is fair fl[] ( ! field & lily
 ( ! valley 7 embalm$ ) ! p]fumes (     
sil5ce & recollection4 ,he sees h]      
occupi$ 9 simply sp9n+ flax2 ne> h]1 on 
! "r1 is a di/aff re/+ ^u a sl5d] /&>d1 
& on ! left a lily ris+ out ( a cry/al  
vase1 & b5d+ its flexible /alk t[>d     
,m>y4 4444 ,absorb$ 9 h] m$itation1 !   
mo/ holy *ild has susp5d$ h] "w2 h]     
%uttle1 become motionless1 falls f h]   
h&1 :ile h] left h& /ill holds #dca a   

light ?read :i* rema9s jo9$ to ! flax 9 
! di/aff2 "o foot ( ?is mo/ holy sp9n]  
re/s ^u a /ool1 ne> :i* lies an op5     
book1 spread out on a "w-basket1 fill$ )
 %uttles & ske9s4 ,! features ( ! y\?ful
 ,m>y express a purity 9 :i* !re is no?+
 ( e>?2 h] c\nt5ance is mode/ly t+$1 !  
r+lets ( h] gold5 hair are j p]ceptible 
?r\gh ! wav+s ( a transp>5t veil :i*    
cov]s h] neck2 h] pure virg9al br[1     
sl5d] figure1 & delicate limbs give h] a
 y\?ful appe>ance1 full ( grace &       
tru?fulness4 ,x is truly ! ,virg9 (     
virg9s2 x is truly ,m>y1--& ,m>y at an  
age :5 b few works ( art h s\ght to     
repres5t h]4  ,! little *apel 0 soon    
decorat$ ) votive (f]+s f all p>ts ( !  
_w4 ,x became a v5]at$ %r9e1 & few dev\t
 travell]s n[ leave ,rome )\t hav+ pray$
 at x4 ,! ar*ives ( ,mat] admirabilis1  
pres]v$ at ! ,tr9ita1 conta9 records ( !
 conv]sions1 vocations1 & cures effect$ 
at ?is consecrat$ spot2 & ^!1 toge!r )  
"s devotional writ+s compos$ by ! pupils
 ( ! conv5t1 =m ! gr\ndwork ( ,fa!r     

,monn9's book4 ,! matt] is arrang$ 9 su*
 a way t ! "w may be us$ = ! devotions (
 ! mon? ( ,may4 ,x is divid$ into       
?irty-"o *apt]s1 or days1 ea* ( :i*     
conta9s a m$itation hav+ special ref]5ce
 ei!r to "s virtue indicat$ by !        
picture1 or to ,m>y's *ildhood2 ?is is  
foll[$ by an appropriate pray]1 & a     
n>rative tak5 f ! ar*ives4  ,hav+       
expla9$ ! purpose ( ,fa!r ,monn9's book1
 we d n "k t we ne$ say m by way (      
recomm5d+ x4 ,:atev] t5ds to fo/] love &
 v5]ation = ! ,bless$ ,virg9 mu/ comm5d 
itself /rongly to e pi\s ,ca?olic2 & 9 !
 new devotion1 :i* is "h expla9$ &      
illu/rat$1 !re is some?+ s beautiful &  
t\*+1 t we believe x has only to be kn[n
 9 ?is c\ntry to be embrac$ ) ! same    
eag] affection z 9 ,europe4  ,! ext]nal 
appe>ance ( ! volume is v attractive4   
,we hail ) great pleasure ! improvem5t 9
 ta/e & lib]ality ev9c$ by ! manufacture
 ( su* books z ,kirk]'s ,mat]           
,admirabilis & ,o',%ea's edition ( ,dr4 
,curnm+s's ,spiritual ,progress4  ,!re  

is no suffici5t reason :y ,ca?olics %\ld
 n pr9t & b9d books z well z o!r p4     
,,! ,,love ,( ,,religi\s ,,p]fection2   
,,on1 ,,h[ ,,to ,,awak51 ,,increase1 ,,&
 ,,pres]ve ,,x ,,9 ,,! ,,religi\s ,,s\l4
 ,by ,fa!r ,joseph ,bayma1 ( ! ,society 
( ,jesus4 ,translat$ f ! ,lat9 by a     
,memb] ( ! same ,society4 #bdmo41 pp4   
#bed4 ,baltimore3 ,john ,murphy         
,company4  ,! /yle & me?od ( ?is little 
treatise are modell$ ^u ^? ( ,!         
,imitation ( ,*ri/4 ,! /yle is cle> &   
sev]ely simple1 n above ! pla9e/        
compreh5sion1 & n )\t attraction = ^? :o
 are some:at fa/idi\s 9 lit]>y matt]s4  
,fa!r ,bayma pr(esses 9 8 preface to h  
disreg>d$ all ornam5ts ( composition1   
hav+ writt5 8 little book n s mu* = !   
edification ( o!rs z = ! pr(it ( 8 own  
s\l4 ,our read]s c readily und]/& t x is
 = t v reason all ! m se>*+ 9 its m5tal 
exam9ations & practical 9 its precepts4 
,fa!r ,bayma divides 8 "w into ?ree     
books4 ,! fir/ treats ( ! motives :i*   
%\ld urge u t[>d religi\s p]fection2 !  

second1 ( ! means by :i* p]fection is   
mo/ easily obta9$2 & ! ?ird1 ( ! virtues
 9 :i* x consi/s4 ,! *apt]s are %ort1 & 
brok5 up into v]ses1 & op5 :]e we w1 we 
f9d some?+ to turn our ?\ghts t[>d ,god4
 ,nor mu/ x be suppos$ t1 because ! book
 0 writt5 by a religi\s = 8 own         
in/ruction1 x conta9s only ^? m         
difficult c\nsels ( p]fection :i* few p 
9 ! _w are f\nd /rong en\gh to foll[4 ,l
 its prototype1 ,! ,imitation ( ,*ri/ is
 a "w = all classes--= ! easy-go+       
,*ri/ian no less ?an = ! sa9t4 ,"h is an
 extract f ! *apt] on ,! ,*oice &       
,p]fection ( ,virtues2 we *oose x       
because x illu/rates h[ well ev5 ^?     
passages :i* are directly address$ to   
religi\s p]sons are adapt$ to ! use (   
p]sons 9 ! _w3  #a4 ,s long z we are    
weigh$ d[n by our mortal fle%1 we _c    
acquire ! p]fection ( all virtues2 &    
!re=e1 we h ne$ ( selection t we may n  
labor 9 va94  ,*oose !n a virtue to     
practise1 until1 #dcb by ! assi/ance (  
,god1 ?\ become mo/ p]fect 9 x4  ,"s    

virtues are cont9ually call$ = 9 our    
daily actions1 & are necess>y = all2 &  
!re=e1 %\ld be acquir$ ) p>ticul>       
indu/ry4  ,! m ?\ %alt make progress 9  
meekness1 pati5ce1 mode/y1 temp]ance1   
humility1 & o!rs1 t come into m frequ5t 
use1 ! soon] wilt ?\ become holy4  #b4  
,"s seek aft] virtues :i* h a great]    
appe>ance ( nobility1 & are reckon$     
among/ m5 to be m glori\s4  ,!y in/ruct 
) pleasure1 b x mu/ be 9 fam\s *ur*es1 &
 to a l>ge assembly ( noble & le>n$ m54 
,!y visit ! sick ) pleasure1 & he>      
confessions1 b only ( ^? t are          
conspicu\s = ri*es or honors4  ,see t ?\
 set n a high value ^u ^! ?+s3 x is m   
p]fect & saf] to imitate ,*ri/ our ,"l1 
& to g ab\t villages1 ?an to hunt = !   
praise ( eloqu5ce & le>n+ 9 cities4  ,x 
is m useful to !e to visit & console !  
poor & ! rude1 ?an ! ri* & noble1 :o1   
moreov]1 are less prep>$ to li/5 to &   
obey ?y words4  #c4 ,"s are cont5t ) !  
virtues t agree ) _! natural            
incl9ations2 because !y seem easi]1 &   

require n any1 or a less viol5t /ruggle4
  ,b :5 !y h ne$ ( self-d5ial &         
mortification1 !y h n ! c\rage to       
practise virtue2 b !y lose he>t1 turn   
fa9t-he>t$1 & ?9k x is be/ to sp>e      
!mselves4  ,d ?\ foll[ !m n1 = !y t are 
su* make no progress1 b r fall away f ! 
way ( p]fection1 because !y foll[ n !   
tea*+ & example ( ,*ri/4  ,= x 0 n ^? :o
 sp>e !mselves1 & fe> ! h>d%ip ( !      
/ruggle1 :om ,*ri/ decl>$ bless$1 b ^? t
 m\rn1 & fight manfully = ju/ice sake4  
----  ,,la ,,m]e ,,de ,,dieu4 ,f !      
,italian ( ,fa!r ,alphonse ,capecelatro1
 ( ! ,oratory ( ,naples4 #bdmo41 pp4    
#ahj4 ,philadelphia3 ,pet] ,f4          
,cunn+ham4 ,new ,york3 ,d4  ,j4 ,sadli] 
,company4  ,:y n say ,! ,"m ( ,god8 ,&  
:y %\ld ,fa!r ,capecelatro1 be+ an      
,italian1 figure ) ! ,fr5* "n (         
,alphonse8 ,if we _c h ! title ( ! book 
9 ,engli%1 at lea/ let u h x 9          
,italian--! language 9 :i* x 0 writt5--n
 9 ,fr5*4  ,b despite ! bad ta/e        
display$ on ! title-page1 ?is is a v    

good little book4 ,x exhales a g5u9e    
aroma ( piety2 x is writt5 ) great      
simplicity2 & x is devot$ to a subject  
:i* is de> to all ( u4 ,x is suppos$ to 
be address$ by a ,tuscan prie/ to 8     
si/]4 ,! fir/ "p treats ( ! respect to  
:i* ! ,bless$ ,virg9 is entitl$2 !      
second traces h] life1 pr9cipally 9 !   
pages ( ! ,holy ,scriptures2 & ! ?ird is
 devot$ to an exhibition ( ! m>ks (     
v5]ation :i* %e has receiv$ f ! ,*ur*   
s9ce ! v beg9n+ ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,x is    
*>m+ly1 almo/ pla9tively sweet1 says    
,fa!r ,gratry1 ( ! ,oratory ( ,p>is4 ,x 
is writt5 z a pray]1 n z a book2 x is   
le>n$ & affectionate1 religi\s &        
in/ructive4   ,,c\nt ,,leslie2 ,,or1 ,,!
 ,,triumph ,,( ,,filial ,,piety4 ,a     
,ca?olic ,tale4 ,f ! ,fr5*4 #bdmo41 pp4 
#ajh4  ,,philip ,,h>tley2 ,,or1 ,a      
,,boy',s ,,trials ,,& ,,triumphs4 ,a    
,tale = ,"y ,p4 ,by ! au?or ( ,!        
,confessors ( ,connaught4 #bdmo41 pp4   
#abb4  ,,! ,,*ildr5 ,,( ,,! ,,valley2   
,,or1 ,,! ,,gho/ ,,( ,,! ,,ru9s4        

,translat$ f ! ,fr5*4 #bdmo41 pp4 #abc4 
,,may ,,c>leton',s ,,/ory2 ,,or1 ,,!    
,,ca?olic ,,maid5',s ,,cross4 ,,!       
,,mill]',s ,,daught]4 ,ca?olic ,tales4  
#bdmo41 pp4 #aae4  ,,cottage ,,ev5+     
,,tales ,,= ,,"y ,,p4 ,compil$ by !     
au?or ( ,grace ,morton4 #bdmo41 pp4     
#abf4 ,philadelphia3 ,pet] ,f4          
,cunn+ham4 ,new ,york3 ,d4  ,j4 ,sadli] 
,company4  ,! above five volumes are    
portions ( ,cunn+ham's ,"y ,ca?olic's   
,libr>y4 ,!y seem to h an excell5t moral
 t5d5cy1 & z a g5]al ?+ are well        
writt5--bett] writt51 we believe1 ?an ! 
majority ( tales int5d$1 z ^! are1 =    
sodality & ,sunday-s*ool libr>ies4 ,!   
fir/ m5tion$1 h[ev]1 ,c\nt ,leslie1 is n
 r5d]$ into irreproa*able ,engli%4 ,:at 
respect c we expect *ildr5 to ent]ta9 = 
! ,engli% gramm> if our s*ool libr>ies  
give !m su* cruel s5t5ces to read z !   
foll[+3 ,x 0 ?is "y man1 & him1 only1 :o
 knew ! cause ( 8 "m's sadness8 ,) ?is  
exception we c hone/ly recomm5d s mu* z 
we h se5 ( ! ,"y ,ca?olic's ,libr>y to  

public favor4 ,mr4 ,cunn+ham has o!r    
volumes 9 prep>ation4  ----------  #dcc 
,,! ,,ca?olic ,,_w    ,,vol4 ,i41 ,,no4 
#d4 ,,july1 #ahfe4    ,,! ,,tru? ,,(    
,,suppos$ ,,leg5ds ,,& ,,fables4   ,,by 
,h4 ,e4 ,,c>d9al ,,wiseman4   ,footnote 
#gi     ,footnote #gi3 ,f ,essays on    
,religion & ,lit]ature4 ,by ,v>i\s      
,writ]s4 ,edit$ by ,h4 ,e4 ,mann+1      
,d4,d4 ,london2 ,longman1 ,gre5  ,co4   
#ahfe4  ,! subject ( ! address :i* ,i am
 ab\t to deliv] is z foll[s3 ,ev5ts &   
?+s :i* h be5 consid]$ leg5d>y1 or ev5  
fabul\s1 h be5 prov$ by fur!r rese>* to 
be hi/orical & true4  ,be=e com+        
directly to ! subject ^u :i* ,i wi% to  
occupy y\r att5tion1 ,i w give a little 
acc\nt ( a v extraord9>y discov]y :i*   
may ?r[ "s light ^u ! g5]al "* & t5d5cy 
( our inve/igation4 ,9 ! ye> #agge ,pius
 ,,vi4 laid ! f\ndation ( ! sacri/y (   
,/4 ,pet]'s4 ,( c\rse1 z is ! case :5ev]
 ! gr\nd is turn$ up 9 ,rome1 a numb] ( 
inscriptions came to light2 ^! 7        
c>efully put aside1 & =m$ ! l9+1 if ,i  

may s say1 ( ! corridor :i* unites !    
sacri/y ) ! *ur*4 ,x 0 obs]v$1 h[ev]1 t 
a great _m ( ^! inscriptions ref]r$ to !
 same subject1 & a subject :i* 0 totally
 unkn[n to antiqu>ians3 !y all spoke (  
c]ta9 ,arval ,bre?r5--,fratres ,arvales4
 ,"s 7 m]e fragm5ts1 o!rs 7 entire      
inscriptions4  ,^!1 to ! numb] (        
sixty-sev51 7 c>efully put toge!r &     
illu/rat$ by ! !n libr>ian ( ! ,vatican1
 ,mgr4 ,m>9i4 ,x 0 an age :5 9 ,rome    
antiqu>ian le>n+ ab\nd$4 ,!re 7 _m1     
p]haps1 :o c\ld h und]tak5 ! task1 b x  
naturally belong$ to him z be+ atta*$ to
 ! *ur* ne> :i* ! inscriptions 7 f\nd4  
,he put ! fragm5ts toge!r1 collat$ !m "o
 ) ano!r1 & ) ! entire inscriptions4 ,he
 procur$ copies at lea/1 :5 he c\ld n   
exam9e ! orig9als1 ( su* o!r slight     
fragm5ts z seem$ to h ref]5ce to !      
subject1 ! key hav+ n[ be5 f\nd1 & !    
result 0 two qu>to volumes1  ,footnote  
#hj giv+ u ! entire hi/ory1 con/itution1
 & ritual ( ?is s+ul> frat]nity4 ,be=e  
?is p]iod two brief notices 9 ,v>ro1 "o 

passage 9 ,pl9y1 & allusions 9 two lat] 
writ]s1 ,m9utius ,felix & ,fulg5tius1 7 
all t 0 kn[n conc]n+ x4 ,"o m]ely told !
 orig9 ( x f ! "t ( ! k+s1 & ! o!rs only
 /at$ t x _h some?+ to d ) que/ions ab\t
 l&2 & !re ! matt] end$4 ,n[1 out ( ?is 
ignorance1 out ( ?is d>kness1 !re spr+s1
 ?r\gh ! rese>*es ( ,mgr4 ,m>9i1 p]haps 
! mo/ #dcd complete acc\nt or hi/ory t  
we h ( any in/itution ( antiquity4 ,s   
complete 0 ! "w1 9 fact1 t only two     
inscriptions relat+ to ?is subject h be5
 f\nd s9ce2 "o by ,mel*iorri1 :o        
und]took to write an app5dix to ! "w2 & 
! o!r 9 #ahee 9 excavat+ ! ,dom9ican    
g>d5 at ,santa ,sab9a1 :i* inde$ ?rew   
great light ^u ! subject4 ,f ^!         
inscriptions we le>n t ?is 0 "o ( ! mo/ 
p[]ful bodies ( augurs or prie/s 9      
,rome4 ,yet nei!r ,pl9y1 nor ,livy1 nor 
,cic]o1 :5 expressly enum]at+ all !     
classes ( augurs1 ev] alludes to !m4    
,n[1 we "k h[ !y 7 elect$4 ,on "o tablet
 is an ord] ( ,claudius to elect a new  
memb]1 s to fill up _! numb] ( twelve1 9

 consequ5ce ( ! dea? ( "o4 ,!y wrote e  
ye>1 & publi%$1 at lea/ put up 9 _!     
g>d5s1 a full & m9ute acc\nt ( all !    
sacrifices & ! fea/s celebrat$ by !m4   
,!y 7 alli$ to ! imp]ial family1 & all !
 great families 9 ,rome took "p 9 _!    
assemblies4 ,!y _h a sacr$ grove1 ! site
 ( :i* 0 p]fectly unkn[n until ! la/    
inscription1 f\nd 9 #ahee1 reveal$ x4 ,x
 0 out ( ,porta ,portese1 on ! road to !
 ,engli% v9ey>d at ,la ,magliana4 ,!re  
!y _h sacrifices to ! ,dea ,dia1 ^: "n  
occurs n[h]e else among all ! writ]s on 
anci5t my?ology4 ,x is suppos$ to be    
,c]es4 ,!y _h magnific5t sacrifices at !
 beg9n+ ( ! ye>4 ,!re are tablets :i*   
say :]e ! meet+s w be held1 :e!r at !   
h\se ( ! rector or pro-rector1 leav+ !  
date 9 blank1 to be fill$ 9 ! c\rse ( ! 
ye>4 ,we are told :o 7 at ! meet+s1     
especially :o among ! y\?s f ! fir/     
families--f\r ( :om act$ some:at z      
acolytes2 & we are told h[ !y 7 dress$1 
:i* ( _! two dresses !y wore4 ,!n !re is
 a mo/ m9ute ritual giv54 ,we are told  

h[ ea* victim 0 sla92 h[ ! bre?r5 took  
(f ! toga praetexta1 _! cr[ns & gold5   
e>s ( corn1 !n put !m on aga91 & exam9$ 
! entrails ( ! sacrifices2 all z m9utely
 detail$ z ! rubrics ( any (fice (      
unction & coronation c\ld possibly be4  
,!n we are told h[ _m baskets ( fruit !y
 c>ri$ away1 & :at di/ribution !re 0 (  
sweetmeats at ! end1 e "o tak+ a c]ta9  
quantity4 ,all ?is is record$1 & ) x _! 
song 9 b>b>\s ,oscan or e>ly ,etruscan1 
p]fectly un9telligible1 9 :i* _!        
acclamations 7 made4 ,s t n[ we "k      
p]fectly ev]y?+ ab\t !m4 ,i may m5tion z
 an int]e/+ fact1 t ,m>9i's own copy ( 8
 "w on ! ,arval ,bre?r51 two qu>to      
volumes1 hav+ _! m>g9s cov]$ ) notes = a
 second edition1 :i* 0 nev] publi%$1 &  
fill$ ) slips ( pap] ) annotations & new
 inscriptions ( o!r sorts1 :i* he       
subsequ5tly f\nd1 is n[ 9 ! libr>y at   
,oscott4    ,footnote #hj3 ,atti e      
,monum5ti dei ,fratelli ,arvali4 ,da    
,mgr4   ,m>9i4 #b tom4 ,roma1 #agie4    
,:at d ,i wi% to draw f ?is acc\nt8 ,x  

is t hi/ory may h rema9$ sil5t ^u po9ts 
:i* x seems impossible1 9 ! multiplicity
 ( writ]s t h be5 pres]v$ to u1 %\ld n h
 cropp$ out1 n h be5 m5tion$ 9 "s way1 n
 ev5 h be5 made kn[n to u ?r\gh         
innum]able ant]ior discov]ies4 ,"o      
=tunate circum/ance br\ght to light !   
:ole hi/ory ( ?is body4 ,h[ unfair1 !n1 
is x1 on ! retic5ce ( hi/ory1 at once to
 condemn any?+1 or to say1 ,we %\ld h   
he>d ( x2 writ]s :o ought to h told u   
w\ld n h conceal$ x f u4 ,= a           
circum/ance may arise :i* w br+ out !   
:ole hi/ory ( a ?+1 & make t pla9 & cle>
 be=e u :i* has be5 sc\t$ completely by 
o!rs1 or ( :i* we h be5 kept 9 !        
complete/ ignorance4  ,i c\ld illu/rate 
?is by sev]al o!r examples :i* ,i h     
collect$ toge!r1 b ,i =esee t ,i %all n 
get any?+ l ?r\gh ! subject ,i propose  
to myself4 ,b "h is "o su* in/ance be>+ 
on ,scripture tru?4 ,x 0 said by infidel
 writ]s #dce ( ! la/ c5tury1 ,h[ is x t 
!re c\ld h be5 su* a rem>kable occurr5ce
 z ! massacre ( ! ,innoc5ts )\t a s+le  

pr(ane hi/orian ev] m5tion+             
x--,josephus1 if no "o else8 ,( c\rse ! 
answ] 01 ,we d n "k :y1 except t we     
might give plausible reasons :y x %\ld n
 h be5 notic$4 ,t is all we ne$ say4 ,x 
is our duty to accept ! fact4 ,we mu/ n 
reject ?+s because we _c f9d            
corroboration ( !m all at once4 ,we may 
h to wait ) pati5ce2 ! _w has _h to wait
 c5turies ev5 be=e "s d\bt$ tru? has    
come out cle>ly4  ,i4 ,! subject :i* ,i 
wi% to br+ be=e y is "o ( ^? :i*1 p]haps
 beyond any o!r1 may be said to be      
consid]$ ?or\ghly leg5d>y1 & ev5 p]haps 
worse3--x is ! hi/ory ( ,/4 ,ursula & h]
 elev5 ?\s& companions1 virg9s & m>tyrs4
 ,at fir/ sight x may appe> bold to     
und]take a v9dication ( t n>rative1 or  
to br+ x )9 ! compass ( hi/ory by deta*+
 f x :at has be5 embelli%m5t1 :at has   
be5 p]haps ev5 wilful inv5tion1 & br++  
out 9 its p]fect complet5ess a hi/ory   
corroborat$ on all sides by e v>iety (  
rese>*4 ,su*1 h[ev]1 is ! object at :i* 
,i aim to-day2 o!r in/ances may occupy u

 aft]w>d4  ,x has1 9 fact1 be5 treat$ z 
fabul\s by ,prote/ants1 beg9n+ ) !      
,c5turiators ( ,magdeburg d[n to !      
pres5t "t4 ,!re is h>dly any /ory m     
sne]$ at ?an ?is1 t an ,engli% lady1 )  
elev5 ?\s& companions1 all virg9s1 %\ld 
h met ) m>tyrdom at ,cologne1 & %\ld h  
ev5 gone to ,rome on _! j\rney by "s    
r\te :i* is v difficult to compreh5d2 = 
!y are always repres5t$ 9 %ips4 ,h5ce ! 
:ole ?+ has be5 treat$ z a fable4 ,b ! m
 ref9$ ,g]manism ( lat] times takes :at 
is p]haps meant to be a mitigat$ view1 &
 treats x z a my?1 t is1 a sort (       
my?ological tale4 ,?us ! writ] ( a late 
"w1 ,footnote #ha entitl$ ! ,hi/ory1 or 
fable1 ( ,/4 ,ursula & ! ,elev5 ,?\s&   
,virg9s1 pr9t$ 9 ,hanov]1 9 #ahed1      
consid]s t ,/4 ,ursula is ! anci5t      
,g]man goddess ,rehal5nia1 & expla9s !  
hi/ory by ! my?ology ( t anci5t div9ity4
    ,footnote #ha3 ,die ,sage von d]    
heilige ,ursula und d51 #aa1jjj         
,jungfrau54 ,von ,osk> ,s*ade4 ,hanov]1 
#ahed4   ,b let u come to ,ca?olics4 ,a 

great numb] h be5 /agg]$ completely by  
?is hi/ory1 & h said1 ,x is incr$ible2 x
 is impossible to believe x2 we mu/     
reject x3 :at f\ndation is !re = x8 ,"s 
h tri$ to se>* "o out2 & p]haps "o ( !  
mo/ +5i\s explanations1 ?\gh ! mo/      
devoid ( any f\ndation1 is t :i*        
,sirmondus & ,valesius   ,footnote #hb &
 sev]al o!r ,ca?olics h br\ght =w>d--t  
!re 7 only two sa9ts1 ,/4 ,ursula & ,/4 
,undecimilla1 & t ?is la/ has be5 turn$ 
into ! elev5 ?\s&4 ,?is "n ,undecimilla 
has n[h]e be5 f\nd2 !re h be5 "s l x1 b 
t "n is n kn[n4 ,! explanation is !     
pure/ conjecture1 & has n[ be5          
completely reject$4 ,b /ill _m f9d x v  
difficult to accept ! hi/ory4 ,if !y 7  
int]rogat$1 & requir$ to answ] di/9ctly 
! "q1 ,:at d y ?9k ab\t ,/4 ,ursula8 !re
 are v few :o w\ld v5ture to face ! "q &
 say1 ,i believe !re is a f\ndation = x 
9 tru?4--,= t is all "o might be expect$
 to say ab\t a matt] :i* has come d[n to
 u ?r\gh ages1 probably ) additions4--,i
 believe ! sub/ance ( x2 x has be5 s    

alt]$ by "t z to rea* u clogg$ )        
difficulties2 /ill ,i believe !re 7     
m>tyrs 9 great numb] :o _h come f ,engl&
 t 7 m>tyr$ at ,cologne4 ,b !re are few 
:o l to talk ab\t x3 mo/ say x is a     
leg5d>y /ory4 ,ev5 ,butl] only gives    
ab\t two pages ( hi/ory4 ,he rejects !  
explanation :i* ,i h #dcf j m5tion$2 b  
he ?r[s ! :ole n>rative into ! %ade1 &  
passes x ov] ) "o ( ^? little s]mons :i*
 he gives u1 to make up = n kn[+ mu*    
ab\t a sa9t2 s t 8 read]s are left q 9 !
 d>k4    ,footnote #hb3 ,acta ,sanct4   
,boll&1 ,oct4 tom4 ix4 p4 #add4   ,!n   
un=tunately :ile _m ,ca?olics h be5     
incl9$ to look at x z m leg5d>y ?an     
hi/orical1 !y h be5 badly s]v$ by ^? :o 
h und]tak5 ! def5ce or explanation ( !  
ev5t4 ,!re may be _m "h :o h gone into  
:at is call$ ! gold5 *amb] 9 ! *ur* (   
,/4 ,ursula at ,cologne1 & h se5 t      
multitude ( skulls & bones t l9e !      
walls1 & h be5 incl9$ to give an        
incr$ul\s %rug & to say1 ,h[ c\ld ^!    
m>tyrs h be5 got toge!r8 :]e did !y come

 f8 h[ d we "k !y 7 m>tyrs8  ,we g5]ally
 cont5t ourselves ) look+ at su* ?+s    
?r\gh ! eyes ( ,mr4 ,murray's travell]  
:o tells u ab\t !m4 ,accord+ly we look  
r\nd at ^! />tl+ objects1 & say1 ,x is v
 s+ul>2 x is v extraord9>y4 ,b !re is v 
little awe1 v little devotion felt by u2
 :ile1 to a good native ( ,cologne1 x is
 ! mo/ v5]able1 sacr$1 & holy place     
almo/ 9 ,*ri/5dom4 ,he prays e>ne/ly to 
! virg9s ( ,cologne1 & consid]s t !y are
 8 p[]ful patrons & int]cessors4        
,h[ev]1 little has be5 done to help u4  
,works h be5 publi%$ 9 favor ( ! tru? ( 
?is hi/ory1 b !n !y h run into excess4  
,! mo/ celebrat$ ( all is "o by a       
,jesuit nam$ ,cromba*1 :o 0 l$ to       
compose x by ,bebius1 ano!r le>n$       
,jesuit1 ^: pap]s 7 un=tunately burn$ 9 
a conflagration at ! college 9 ,cologne4
 ,cromba* 9 #afdg publi%$ two l>ge      
volumes entitl$ ,/4 ,ursula v9dicata4 ,9
 !m he has includ$ an imm5se v>iety (   
?+s4 ,he has accept$ ) sc>ce any        
discrim9ation works t are entitl$ to    

little or no cr$it--contradictory works2
 he has m+l$ !m all up2 & he insi/s ^u !
 /ory or ! hi/ory be+ true ) all        
details4 ,! consequ5ce is t ! "w has be5
 v mu* ?r[n aside1 or sev]ely attack$4  
,yet x is ackn[l$g$ t x conta9s a great 
deal ( valuable in=mation1 toge!r ) an  
imm5se quantity ( docum5ts :i* may be   
made good use ( :5 prop]ly exam9$1 :5 ! 
*aff is sep>at$ f ! :eat4 ,on ! :ole1   
h[ev]1 x has n be5 favorable to ! cause 
( ! m>tyrs4  ,n[1 h[ev]1 !re has appe>$ 
su* a v9dication1 su* a wond]ful        
re-exam9ation ( ! :ole hi/ory1 z x is   
impossible to resi/4 ,x is impossible to
 read ! acc\nt ( ,/4 ,ursula giv5 9 !   
#i? volume = ,octob] ( ! ,boll&i/s1     
publi%$ 9 #aheh1 )\t be+ p]fectly amaz$ 
at ! quantity ( real k t has be5 ga9$ ^u
 ! subject1 & /ill m at ! p[]ful mann] 9
 :i* ?is k has be5 h&l$2--an erudition  
:i*1 m]ely glanc+ ov] ! pages & notes1  
rem9ds u ( ! s*ol>s ( ?ree hundr$ ye>s  
ago1 9 :om we h (t5 wond]$ at ! le>n+   
:i* !y br\ght to be> on any "o po9t4    

,?is treatise occupies f page #gc to    
#cjc1 #bcj pages ( closely pr9t$ folio 9
 two columns4 ,i ackn[l$ge t x is n q a 
recreation to read x1 b /ill x is v well
 wor? read+4 ,all docum5ts are pr9t$ at 
full l5g?4 ,n[1 x s happ5$1 t j aft] !  
volume _h come out1 ,i 0 at ,brussels1 &
 call$ at ! libr>y ( ! ,boll&i/s1 & _h a
 mo/ int]e/+ conv]sation ) ,fa!r ,victor
 de ,buck1 ! au?or ( ?is hi/ory4 ,he    
gave me an int]e/+ outl9e ( :at he _h   
be5 enabl$ to d4 ,he told me t :5 !y    
came to ,octob] #ba1 & he _h to write a 
life ( ,/4 ,ursula & h] companions1 8   
prov9cial wrote to him f ,cologne &     
said1 ,take c>e :at y say1 = ! p are    
trem5d\sly al>m$ le/ y %\ld knock d[n   
all _! traditions1 & ,i #dcg d n "k :at 
w be ! case if y d4 ,he repli$1 ,don't  
be at all afraid2 ,i %all confirm e     
po9t1 & ,i am sure !y w be pleas$ ) :at 
,i h to say4 ,he 0 k9d en\gh to put d[n 
9 a lett] ! *ief po9ts ( 8 v9dication = 
me2 b ,i h lo/ x1 & s !re 0 no?+ left b 
to read ?r\gh ! :ole ( ?is great "w4 ,b1

 beside1 a v excell5t comp5dium has     
appe>$1 :i* takes pretty ne>ly ! same   
view on e po9t1 & approves ( ev]y?+ !   
au?or has said2 inde$ "s po9ts are      
p]haps put m popul>ly 9 x1 ?\gh ! hi/ory
 is r$uc$ to a mu* small] compass4 ,i h 
! "w be=e me4 ,x is entitl$1 ,/4 ,ursula
 & h] ,companions3 ,a ,critical1        
,hi/orical ,monograph4 ,by ,john ,hub]t 
,kessel4 ,cologne1 #ahfc4 ,x is a "w :i*
 is n too long to be translat$ & made   
kn[n4 ,:at ,i h to say1 aft] hav+ gone  
?r\gh ?is prelim9>y matt]1 is1 t ,i lay 
claim to no?+ :atev] beyond hav+ be5    
dilig5t1 & hav+ endeavor$ to grasp all !
 po9ts 9 "q1 & r$uce !m to a mod]ate    
compass4 ,i h *ang$ ! ord] altoge!r1    
tak+ t :i* seems to me mo/ suitable to !
 subject1 & co-ord9at+ ! diff]5t p>ts & 
facts s z to make x popul>ly            
intelligible4 ,9 ?is ,i h ! satisfaction
 to f9d t 9 a *apt] at ! end ( ! book1 9
 :i* ! hi/ory is summ$ up1 exactly !    
same ord] is tak5 :i* ,i h adopt$ "h4 ,x
 w n be necess>y to give a ref]5ce = e  

ass]tion t ,i %all h occasion to make2 b
 ,i may say t ,i h ! page c>efully not$ 
:]e ! subject is fully drawn out &      
illu/rat$4  ,n[1 let me fir/ ( all give1
 9 a brief sket*1 :at ,fa!r de ,buck    
consid]s ! real hi/ory1 :i* has be5     
wrapt up 9 su* a quantity ( leg5d>y     
matt]--t :i* comes out f ! diff]5t      
docum5ts laid be=e u1 z ! k]nel or !    
nucleus ( ! hi/ory1 z ,kessel calls x4  
,he supposes t ?is army ( m>tyrs1 z we  
may well call !m1 0 compos$ ( two       
diff]5t bodies3 a body ( virg9s :o      
happ5$1 "u circum/ances :i* ,i %all     
describe to y1 to be at ,cologne1 & a   
body ( ! inhabitants1 citiz5s (         
,cologne1 & o!rs1 v probably _m ,engli% 
& o!r virg9s :o _h !re s\ght safety4 ,x 
may be ask$ h[ came ^! ,engli% to be    
!re8 ,ab\t ! ye> #ddf ! ,britons began  
to be imm5sely annoy$ by ! incursions ( 
! ,picts & ,scots1 :i* l$ to _! call+ 9 
7aft] ! mann] ( ! old fable1 ab\t ! man 
call+ 9 ! dogs to hunt ! h>e 9 8 g>d57 !
 ,anglo-,saxons1 :o 9 return took       

possession ( ! c\ntry2 & ! inhabitants t
 !y did n ext]m9ate !y made s]fs4 ,at   
?is p]iod we "k ! ,engli% 7 put to sad  
/raits4 ,hav+ s long la9 quiet &        
undi/urb$ "u ! ,roman dom9ion1 !y _h    
almo/ lo/ _! natural valor1 & 7 unable  
to def5d !mselves4 ,!re 01 !re=e1 a     
natural t5d5cy to emigrate & get away4  
,!y _h already done ?is be=e2 = z ,de   
,buck %[s1 ) extraord9>y erudition1 !   
occupation ( ,brittany or ,armorica 0 a 
quiet emigration f ,engl&1 :i* s\ght !  
cont95t1 & also e/abli%$ colonies 9     
,holl& & ,batavia1 & by t means obta9$ a
 peace :i* !y c\ld n h at home4 ,we h a 
v int]e/+ docum5t ^u ?is subject4 ,!    
celebrat$ s5ator ,aetius 0 at t "t      
gov]nor ( ,gaul2 ! ,britons s5t to him =
 help1 & ?is is "o passage ( a mo/ t\*+ 
lett] :i* has be5 pres]v$ by ,gildas3   
,repellunt nos b>b>i ad m>e1 repellit   
nos m>e ad b>b>os2 oriuntur duo g5]a    
fun]um2 aut jugulamur aut m]gimur4      
,footnote #hc ,!y 7 toss$ backw>d & =w>d
 by ! sea to ! b>b>ians1 & by ! b>b>ians

 to ! sea2 :5 !y fell ^u ! b>b>ians !y 7
 cut to pieces1 & :5 !y 7 driv5 into !  
#dch sea m]gimur--we g to ! bottom4 ,x  
does n mean t !y ran into ! sea1 b t !y 
w5t to _! %ips1 & _m ( !m p]i%$ 9 ! sea 
by %ipwreck or by s9k+--aut jugulamur   
aut m]gimur4 ,t %[s t ! ,engli% 7 leav+ 
,engl& to g to ! cont95t4 ,i am only    
giv+ y ! web ( ! hi/ory1 )\t its pro(s2 
b ,i quote ?is passage to %[ x is n at  
all unlikely t at t mom5t1 :5 !y 7 9 a  
mann] /rait5$ betwe5 ! b>b>ians ( ! nor?
 & ^? com+ ^u !m 9 ! s\?1 a great _m (  
!m w5t out ( ! c\ntry1 & t especially   
be+ ,*ri/ians !y w\ld w5d _! way to     
,ca?olic c\ntries4 ,religi\s & o!r      
p]sons ( a l "*1 we "k1 9 e invasion (  
b>b>ians1 7 ! fir/ to suff] a d\ble     
m>tyrdom4 ,?is is a supposition1 !re=e1 
ab\t :i* !re is no improbability1 t a   
c]ta9 numb]1 ,i d n say h[ _m1 (        
,*ri/ian ladies ( good family1 "s ( !m1 
p]haps1 royal1 got ov] to ,batavia or   
,holl& 7:]e !re h be5 always traditions 
& names ( places 9 confirmation ( ?is71 

& made _! way to ,cologne1 :i* 0 a      
capital & a seat ( ! ,roman gov]nm5t1 a 
,*ri/ian city1 & 9 e probability        
consid]$ a /ronghold1 bo? on acc\nt (   
its imm5se =tifications1 & on acc\nt ( !
 riv]4    ,footnote #hc3 ,gildas de     
,excidio ,britanniae1 p>s i41 cap4 xvii4
   ,ed4 ,migne3 ,patrologia1 tom4 lxix41
 p4 #cdb4  ,well1 !n comes ! hi/ory1 v  
difficult inde$ to reconcile1 ( a       
pilgrimage to ,rome1 :i* x is said !y   
made2 b let u suppose t in/ead ( ! :ole 
( !m a c]ta9 numb] ( !m might g !re4 ,x 
is n at all improbable t at t "t1 z ,de 
,buck obs]ves1 a deputation1 or a c]ta9 
numb] ( citiz5s & o!rs1 did g to ,rome  
to obta9 assi/ance !re1 z _! only hope  
aga9/ ! invasion1 :i* ,i %all describe j
 n[4 ,!re is no great difficulty 9      
suppos+ ?is2 & assum+ t "s ( ! ,engli%  
virg9s also w5t1 t w\ld be a f\ndation =
 ! great leg5d>y hi/ory1 ,i might say ! 
fabul\s hi/ory1 :i* has be5 built ^u x4 
,n[1 !re is a /rong confirmation ( su* a
 ?+ be+ done4 ,/4 ,gregory ( ,t\rs      

,footnote #hd m5tions t at ?is v "t     
,bi%op ,s]vatius did g to ,rome to pray 
! ,apo/les ,/s4 ,pet] & ,paul to protect
 8 c\ntry & city aga9/ ! com+ invasion1 
& he saw no o!r hope ( safety4 ,he mu/ h
 pass$ ?r\gh ,cologne exactly at t "t1  
&1 !re=e1 !re is no?+ absurd or         
improbable 9 suppos+ t "s inhabitants ( 
,cologne w5t ) him z a deputation to    
,rome1 & t "s ( ! ,engli% virg9s may h  
accompani$ !m4 ,9 ! ye> foll[+1 ,attila1
 ! sc\rge ( ,god1 ! mo/ cruel ( all !   
lead]s ( b>b>ic tribes :o invad$ !      
,roman empire1 0 m>*+ along ! ,rh9e ) ! 
kn[n view ( invad+ ,gaul1 & n only      
invad+ x1 b1 z he said1 ( completely    
conqu]+ & de/roy+ x2 = 8 maxim 01 ,:]e  
,attila sets 8 foot no m grass %all ev] 
gr[--no?+ b de/ruction & deva/ation4 ,i 
w say a little m ab\t ! ,huns lat]4 ,9 !
 meantime we leave !m1 9 #dej1 on _! way
 to cross ! ,rh9e1 ) ! int5tion ( invad+
 & occupy+ ,france4 ,attila unit$ great 
cunn+ ) 8 b>b>ity2 he pret5d$ to ! ,go?s
 t he 0 com+ to help !m aga9/ ! ,romans1

 & to ! ,romans t he 0 go+ to help !m to
 expel ! ,go?s4 ,by t means he p>alyz$  
bo? = a "t1 until x 0 too well se5 t he 
0 ! enemy ( all4 ,x is mo/ probable1    
kn[+ ! "* z we %all see j n[ ( ! ,huns1 
t ! inhabitants ( ! neighbor+ t[ns w\ld 
seek refuge 9 ! capital1 & t all liv+ 9 
! c\ntry w\ld get )9 ! /rong walls (    
cities4 ,we h important confirmation1 at
 ?is v "t1 9 ! hi/ory ( ,/4 ,g5evieve1  
,footnote #fe :o 0 #dci a virg9 liv+ out
 9 ! c\ntry1 b :o1 ^u ! approa* ( !     
,huns1 ha/5$1 we are told1 imm$iately to
 seek safety 9 ,p>is1 & 0 !re ! means ( 
sav+ ! city1 by exhort+ ! inhabitants to
 build up walls1 to close _! gates1 & to
 fight4 ,?is !y did1 & s sav$ !mselves4 
,t is j an example4 ,:5 x is kn[n t     
?r\gh\t 8 m>* ,attila de/roy$ e city1   
committ+ incr$ible b>b>ities 7ru9s ( "s 
( ! places rema9+ to ?is day71 n sp>+   
man1 woman1 or *ild1 x is m ?an probable
 t !re w\ld be a great conflux & influx 
to ! city ( ,cologne1 :]e ! ,roman      
gov]nm5t /ill kept its seat1 & :]e1 (   

c\rse1 !re 0 some?+ l ord]1 al?\gh we h 
un=tunate pro(s1 9 ! works ( ,salvianus1
  ,footnote #hf t ! morality ( ! city _h
 become s v corrupt t x des]v$ great    
*a/isem5t4 ,h[ev]1 s f> all is coh]5t4  
,9 #dea1 aft] ,attila _h gone to        
,france1 & _h be5 completely defeat$1 he
 made 8 way back1 greatly exasp]at$1    
burn+ & de/roy+ ev]y?+ 9 8 way1 sp>+ no 
"o4 ,!n he appe>$ be=e ,cologne2 & ?is  
is ! invasion 9 :i* x is suppos$ !      
m>tyrdom took place4    ,footnote #hd3  
,s4 ,greg4 ,turon41 ,hi/4 ,franc41 lib4 
ii41 cap4 v4 ,ed4   ,migne3 ,patrologia4
 tom4 lxviii41 pp4 #aig1 #egf4          
,footnote #he3 ,vid4 ,tillemont1 ,hi/4  
des ,emp41 vi4 p4 #aea4 ,acta   ,sanct4 
,boll41 ,jan4 tom4 i4 9 vit4 ,s4        
,g5ovevae4    ,footnote #hf3 ,de        
,gub]natione ,dei1 ,ed4 ,baluzii1 ,p>is1
 #ahfd1 pp4   #adj1 #ada4   ,hav+ giv5 y
 :at ! ,boll&i/ consid]s ! hi/orical    
?read1 e "p ( :i* c be confirm$ & made  
mo/ probable1 ,i w n[1 be=e go+ into    
pro(s ( ! n>rative1 direct y\r att5tion 

= a few m9utes to :at we may call !     
leg5d>y p>ts ( ! hi/ory4 ,:5 we speak ( 
leg5ds we mu/ n conf\nd !m ) fables1 t  
is1 ) pure inv5tions4 ,we mu/ n suppose 
t p sat d[n to write a lie "u ! idea t  
!y 7 edify+ ! ,*ur* or anybody4 ,!re h  
be5 su* cases1 no d\bt2 = ,t]tullian    
m5tions ! del9qu5cy ( a p]son's writ+   
false acts ( ,/4 ,paul1 & be+ susp5d$ f 
8 (fice ( prie/ 9 consequ5ce4 ,su*      
follies h happ5$ 9 all times4 ,we h _h  
_m in/ances 9 our own day ( attempts at 
=g+ docum5ts1 & committ+ ! wor/ ( social
 crimes2 b old leg5ds z we h !m1 & ev5 !
 false acts z !y 7 call$1 7 no d\bt     
writt5 )\t any int5tion ( actually      
deceiv+1 or ( pass+ (f :at 0 spuri\s =  
g5u9e4 ,! p]son :o fir/ sugge/$ ?is 0 a 
man c]ta9ly no fri5d ( ,ca?olics1 ,le   
,cl]c1 bett] kn[n by 8 lit]>y "n (      
,cl]icus2 :o obs]ves t s*ool ex]cises 7 
sometimes drawn f m>tyrdoms1 z 9 our day
 f a classical subject1 z ,juv5al says (
 ,hannibal3        ,i dem5s et saevas   
curre p] ,alpes   ,ut pu]is placeas et  

declamatio flas4  ,n t /ud5ts pr(ess$ to
 write a real hi/ory1 b !y gave wond]ful
 descriptions ( de$s ( valor & m>vell\s 
ev5ts :i* _h nev] occurr$1 & 7 nev]     
int5d$ to be believ$4 ,9 ! same way1 at 
a "t :5 no?+ b a religi\s subject c\ld  
create int]e/1 t sort ( composition came
 to be appli$ to acts ( sa9ts & m>tyrs2 
s t _m books & n>ratives :i* we h ( t   
description may be ?us acc\nt$ =4 ,x is 
mu* l our hi/orical novels1 or !        
hi/orical plays ( ,%akespe>e1 = in/ance4
 ,nobody imag9es t _! au?ors wi%$ to    
pass !m (f = hi/ory1 b !y did n         
contradict hi/ory2 !y kept to hi/ory1 s 
t y may f9d x 9 !m2 & y might almo/     
write a hi/ory f "s ( ^? books :i* are  
call$ hi/orical works ( fiction4 ,9 e>ly
 times su* compositions 7 ( a religi\s  
"*4 ,!n came times ( great] ignorance1 &
 ^? works came to be reg>d$ z true      
hi/orical acc\nts4 ,b1 are we to reject 
!m on t gr\nd altoge!r8 ,are we to say1 
any m ?an we %\ld ) reg>d to ! fictiti\s
 works ( :i* ,i h j spok51 t !re is no  

tru? 9 !m8 ,we %\ld proce$ 9 ! same way 
z p d :o seek = gold4 ,a #ddj man goes  
to a gold-field1 & tries to obta9 gold f
 aurif]\s s&4 ,n[ suppose he took a     
sieve full1 & said at once1 ,x's all    
rubbi%1 & ?rew x away2 he might g on = a
 long "t & nev] get a gra9 ( gold4 ,b if
 he kn[s h[ to set to "w1 if he wa%es   
:at he obta9s1 picks out gra9 by gra91 &
 puts by1 he gets a small ho>d ( real   
g5u9e gold2 & nobody d5ies t :51 _m su* 
supplies are put toge!r !y make a       
treasure ( /]l+ metal4 ,s x is ) ^!     
leg5d>y acc\nts4 ,!y are nev] altoge!r  
falsehoods--,i w n say nev]1 b r>ely4   
,:5ev] !y h an air ( hi/ory ab\t !m1 !  
*ances are t1 by exam9+ & sift+ !m well1
 we may get out a c]ta9 am\nt ( real &  
solid mat]ial = hi/ory4  ,! leg5d>y     
works ^u ^! virg9s are num]\s & beg9    
e>ly4 ,! fir/ is "o :i* ,i %all call1 z 
all our writ]s d1 by its fir/ words1    
,regnante ,dom9o4 ,?is is an acc\nt (   
traditions1 evid5tly writt5 betwe5 ! n9?
 & elev5? c5turies4 ,x is impossible to 

det]m9e m closely ?an ?is4 ,b we "k t x 
_c h be5 writt5 e>li] ?an ! n9? c5tury1 
nor lat] ?an ! elev5?4 ,x conta9s a long
 hi/ory ( ^! virg9s :ile 9 ,engl&1 :o !y
 71 & :at !y 72 ( a c]ta9 m>riage       
contract t 0 made ) ! fa!r ( ,/4        
,ursula1 a v p[]ful k+2 h[ x 0 arrang$ t
 %e %\ld h elev5 companions1 & ea* ( ^! 
a ?\s& foll[]s2 h[ !y %\ld emb>k = ?ree 
ye>s & amuse !mselves ) nautical        
ex]cises2 h[ ! %ips w5t to ! o!r side ( 
! *annel4 ,x is an absurd /ory & full ( 
fable1 b !re are ?ree or f\r mo/        
important po9ts 9 x4 ,ge(frey ( ,monm\? 
comes next4 ,he gives ano!r hi/ory1     
totally diff]5t f t ( ! ,regnante       
,dom9o2 b reta9s two or ?ree po9ts (    
id5tity4 ,8 is evid5tly a ,briti%       
tradition1 :i*1 ( c\rse1 x is mo/       
important to comp>e ) ! ,g]man "o2 & we 
%all f9d h[ s+ul>ly !y agree4 ,!n1 aft] 
^!1 come a numb] ( leg5ds call$         
,passiones1 long acc\nts fill$ ) a      
v>iety ( incongru\s p>ticul>s :i* may be
 safely put aside2 b 9 ! same way g]ms  

or remnants ( some?+ good1 :i* h be5 ?us
 pres]v$1 are f\nd 9 !m all1 & :5 br\ght
 toge!r may give u "s valuable results4 
,we next meet ) :at is m difficult to   
expla9--! suppos$ revelations ( ,/4     
,elizabe? ( ,s*o5au1 & ( ,bless$ ,h]mann
 ( ,/e9feld4 ,x is n = u to ent] into ! 
discussion1 :i* is a v subtle "o1 ( h[  
p]sons :o are sa9ts really canoniz$ &   
field 9 imm5se v5]ation--"o ( !m1       
,h]mann1 s+ul>ly s--c be suppos$ to h   
be5 all[$ to foll[ _! own imag9ations on
 "s po9ts1 :ile at ! same "t !re seems  
no d\bt t !y liv$ 9 an almo/ ec/atic    
/ate4 ,?is "q is gone into fully2 & !   
be/ au?orities are quot$ by ! ,boll&i/4 
,x w\ld require a long discussion1 & x  
w\ld n be to our purpose1 to pursue x   
fur!r4 ,^! suppos$ revelations are      
reject$ altoge!r4 ,n[ we come to        
positive =g]ies1 consi/+ ( inscriptions1
 or ( engrav$ /ones ) leg5ds c>v$ ^u !m4
 ,"o ( ^! m5tions a pope :o nev] exi/$1 
& also a bi%op ( ,milan :o nev] liv$1   
beside a numb] ( o!r imag9>y p4 ,f !    

texture & /ate ( ^! inscriptions !re c  
be no d\bt :atev] t !y are absolute     
=g]ies1 & ! au?or ( !m is pretty well   
discov]$4 ,he 0 a sacri/an ( ! "n (     
,!odorus4 ,9 ord] to enhance ! glory (  
^! virg9s1 !y are repres5t$1 z y see 9  
leg5d>y pictures1 z be+ 9 a %ip         
accompani$ by a pope1 bi%ops1 abbots1 & 
p]sons ( high dignity1 :o are suppos$ to
 h come f ,rome ) !m4 ,all ?is we       
disc>d1 mak+ out :at we c f ! s\nd]     
traditions4  ,& ?is is ! result4 ,!re   
are #dda two or ?ree po9ts on :i*1 :e!r 
we take ! ,engli% or ! ,g]man           
traditions1 all are agre$4 ,fir/1 we h t
 a great _m ( ^! virg9s 7 ,engli%3 t !  
,g]mans all agree ^u2 ! e>lie/ hi/orical
 docum5ts say ! same4 ,secondly1 t !y 7 
m>tyr$ by ! ,huns3 t we are told bo? by 
! ,engli% & ! ,g]man writ]s4 ,x is s+ul>
 t !y %\ld agree on su* a po9t z ?is2 & 
y w see h[--,i d n say corroborat$1 b   
absolutely prov$ x is4 ,! ?ird fact is1 
t !re 0 a trem5d\s slaught] at ! "t1 a  
s+ul> slaught] ( p committ$ at ,cologne 

by ^! ,huns4 ,?is comes out f all !     
leg5d>y hi/ories1 :i* agree ^u ?is po9t1
 & we c h>dly "k h[ !y %\ld d s except  
?r\gh sep>ate traditions2 = !y evid5tly 
h no?+ else 9 common4 ,_! sep>ate       
n>ratives we may reject z leg5d>y4  ,?us
 we come to an inve/igation ( ! true    
hi/ory1 & see h[ x is prov$4 ,& fir/ ,i 
mu/ put be=e y :at ,i may call !        
f\ndation-/one ( ! :ole hi/ory on :i* x 
is bas$--! inscription n[ kept 9 ! *ur* 
( ,/4 ,ursula4 ,x _h rema9$ v mu*       
neglect$1 ?\gh x _h be5 giv5 by diff]5t 
au?ors1 until1 :5 ! ,boll&i/s 7 go+ to  
write _! hi/ory1 !y took ?ree ca/s ( x2 
"o !y gave to ! ar*bi%op ( ,cologne1    
ano!r !y kept = !mselves2 ! ?ird--,i _c 
say :at became ( x1 b ,i ?9k x w5t to   
,rome1 hav+ be5 tak5 by ,de ,rossi4 ,i  
c\ld n af=d to h a ca/ br\ght "h1 b ,i h
 _h a mo/ accurate trac+ made ( x4 ,^? (
 y :o are judges ( graphic "* w see !   
nature ( ! lett]s2 !y are capital1 or   
uncial lett]s4 ,fir/1 y may ask :at is !
 age ( ?is inscription8 ,x is pretty    

well agre$ t x _c be lat] ?an ! ye>     
#ejj--t w\ld be fifty ye>s aft] t       
assign$ to ! m>tyrdom ( ! virg9s4 ,de   
,buck1 :o is really almo/ hyp]critical 9
 reject+1 says he does n see a s+le     
objection to ! g5u95ess ( ?is           
inscription4 ,!re is n a trace ( ,lomb>d
 or lat] "* ab\t x2 x is purely ,roman4 
,! union ( "s ( ! lett]s is j :at we f9d
 ab\t t "t 9 ,roman inscriptions4 ,x is 
!n1 z ne>ly z "o c judge1 ( ! age ,i h  
m5tion$--ab\t ! ye> #ejj4 ,de ,rossi1   
pass+ ?r\gh ,cologne ?ree or f\r ye>s   
ago1 exam9$ x & pron\nc$ x to be g5u9e1 
& said x c\ld n be ( a lat] p]iod ?an t4
 ,dr4 ,enn]1 a layman ( ,cologne1 :5    
writ+ 8 ,hi/ory ( ,cologne1 c\ld n br+  
himself to believe t ! inscription 0 s  
old1 & he s5t an exact copy 9 pla/]     
7p]haps t 0 ! ?ird7 to ,pr(essor        
,rits*l1 ! well-kn[n editor ( ,plautus1 
& a ,prote/ant1 at ,bonn4 ,i h a copy ( 
! ,pr(essor's lett] "h1 9 :i* he says t 
he has m9utely exam9$ ! inscription1 & t
 he _c see any?+ 9 x to make x m mod]n  

?an ! date assign$ to x1 & t x conta9s  
peculi>ities :i* no =g] w\ld ev] hit ^u1
 su* z ! d\ble i1 & o!r =ms4 ,he says1  
,i am n suffici5tly acqua9t$ ) ! hi/ory 
( ,/4 ,ursula to connect x 9 any way2 b 
,i h no hesitation 9 say+ t !           
inscription _c be lat] ?an ! beg9n+ ( ! 
six? c5tury2 :i*1 y see1 takes u back v 
ne>ly to ! "t :5 ! m>tyrdom is suppos$  
to h occurr$4 ,!n ,i may m5tion t ! v   
inscription is copi$ 9 ! next hi/orical 
docum5t t we h1 z be+ already 9 ! *ur*4 
,?is is ! translation ( ! inscription1 (
 :i* ,i pres5t an exact copy3           
,clematius came f ! ,ea/2 he 0 t]rifi$  
by fi]y visions1 & by ! great maje/y & !
 hol9ess ( ^! virg9s1 &1 accord+ to a v[
 t he made1 he rebuilt at 8 own exp5se1 
on 8 own l&1 ?is basilica4 ,!n foll[s a 
comm9ation at ! end1 :i* is n unusual 9 
su* cases4 ,n[1 e expression "h is to be
 f\nd 9 inscriptions ( ! "t4  #ddb      
,illu/ration3   #ddc  ,= in/ance1 de    
proprio2 votum2 loco suo 7sometimes x is
 loco empto71 mean+ ( c\rse l& :i* "o   

made 8 own1 or :i* 0 8 own be=e4 ,!re _h
 be5 !n a basilica--n ! *ur* t n[ exi/s1
 b a basilica--at ! tombs :]e ^! sa9ts 7
 buri$1 :i* we %all h to describe lat]4 
,he rebuilt ! basilica fifty ye>s aft] !
 m>tyrdom1 de/roy$ no d\bt dur+ !       
con/ant incursions ( b>b>ians4 ,x 0     
probably a v small "o2 = we "k t at     
,rome e entrance to ! tombs ( m>tyrs _h 
its basilica4 ,de ,rossi has be5        
successful 9 f9d+ "o or two4 ,"o 0 built
 by ,/4 ,damasus1 :o wrote3 ,n d>+ to   
put my a%es among s _m m>tyrs1 ,i h     
built ?is basilica = myself1 my "m &    
si/]2 & !re are ?ree ni*es at ! end =   
?ree s>cophagi4 ,x is univ]sally all[$ t
 !re nev] 0 a catacomb )\t its basilica4
 ,9 fact1 9 t ( ,pope ,/4 ,alex&]1 &    
,/s4 ,evantius & ,!odulus1 f\nd lately1 
!re is a basilica completely /&+1 & !   
bodies ( ^! sa9ts 7 f\nd--"o "u !       
alt>--& ! o!rs ne> x4 ,!n f ! basilica y
 g into ! catacomb4 ,s t no?+ is m      
natural ?an t 9 ! place :]e ^! m>tyrs 7 
buri$1 ,clematius %\ld rebuild _!       

basilica4 ,aft] ?is monum5t we proce$ to
 ! next g5u9e docum5t1 ?\gh "o ( a lat] 
date1 & by an unkn[n au?or--! ,s]mo 9   
,natali4 ,?is1 !re is no d\bt1 0 writt5 
betwe5 ! ye>s #gea & #hci2 & ,i w give !
 +5i\s argum5t by :i* ?is date is prov$4
 ,b fir/ x quotes ! inscription ,i h    
read1 ) ! exception ( ! ?reat at ! end2 
9 ! second place x m5tions t ! virg9s 7 
probably ,britons--t x 0 n c]ta91 b !   
g5]al op9ion 0 t !y _h come f ,brita92  
?irdly1 x attributes ! m>tyrdom to !    
,huns2 f\r?ly1 x ins9uates :at is (     
great importance 9 fill+ up ! hi/ory1 t 
x is by no means to be suppos$ t !y 7   
all virg9s1 b t _m 7 wid[s & m>ri$ p4 ,!
 reason = fix+ ! e>lie/ date at #gea is1
 t x quotes ,b$e's ,ecclesia/ical       
,hi/ory1 :i* 0 writt5 9 t ye>1 giv+     
app>5tly 8 acc\nt ( ! conv]sion (       
,lucius2 ?\gh "o _c say t x is c]ta9ly a
 copy f ,b$e1 because ,b$e himself copi$
 f m anci5t books1 & bo? may h drawn f !
 same s\rce4 ,!n x c\ld n h be5 writt5  
aft] #hci = two reasons4 ,9 #hcd !re 0 a

 trem5d\s incursion ( o!r b>b>ians--(   
,normans2 & x is pla9 f our book t !re  
_h be5 no su* invasion :5 x 0 writt52   
no?+ 0 kn[n ( x1 because ! writ] speaks 
( c\ntries1 p>ticul>ly ,holl&1 z be+    
fl\ri%+1 :i* 7 completely de/roy$ by !m4
 ,!re is also ?is s+ul> circum/ance4 ,9 
speak+ ( ! great devotion to ! virg9s 9 
,batavia1 ! writ] /ates t ?is happ5$ at 
a "t :5 ,batavia 0 an isl& =m$ by ! two 
bran*es ( ! ,rh9e4 ,n[ 9 #hci an        
inundation completely de/roy$ x1 "o ( ! 
horns or arms be+ entirely oblit]at$4   
,!re=e t gives u a c]ta9 compass )9 :i* 
! book 0 writt54 ,! au?or himself 0 a   
native ( ,cologne--= 9 ref]r+ to !      
inhabitants he once or twice speaks (   
u--& he w\ld !re=e be famili> ) !       
traditions ( ! p4 ,he says !re 0 no     
writt5 hi/ory at t "t2 he def5ds !      
traditions1 & %[s h[ natural x 0 t ! p  
%\ld h kept !m4 ,i ought to m5tion t he 
calls ! head ( ! b& ( m>tyrs ,p9nosa4   
,he says1 ,%e is call$ 9 h] own c\ntry  
,v9osa1 9 ours ,p9nosa2 & !re is evid5ce

 t ?is 0 ! "n fir/ giv5 to ! lead]2 h[1 
by :at trans=mation1 x came to be ,/4   
,ursula1 we _c tell2 x is c]ta9 t up to 
t "t h]s 0 n ! "n ( ! lead]4 ,aft]w>d   
,p9nosa appe>s on ! li/1 b n z ! *ief1  
,/4 ,ursula be+ ! prom95t "n4  #ddd     
,aft] t p]iod !re comes a mass (        
hi/orical pro(s t "o c h no difficulty  
ab\t4 ,f #heb !re are an imm5se numb] ( 
diplomas giv+ grants ( l& to ! nuns ( ! 
mona/]y ( ,/4 ,ursula1 at h] place (    
burial4 ,!re is no d\bt ( ! exi/5ce ( t 
*ur*1 f o!r docum5ts4 ,!n ! m>tyrologies
 repeat ! :ole tradition aga9 & aga94   
,?us1 !n1 we fill up t gap ( f\r hundr$ 
ye>s 7f ,a4,d4 #djj to ,a4,d4 #hjj74    
,!re is ! inscription2 !re is ! ,s]mo 9 
,natali1 :i* quotes x1 & gives old      
traditions2 & aft]w>d !re are diplomas &
 o!r te/imonies :i* are abundant4  ,we  
n[ proce$ to comp>e ! :ole tradition )  
hi/ory1 ) kn[n hi/ory1 = aft] all ?is is
 our *ief bus9ess4 ,:5 we possess a     
tradition ( a c\ntry & p1 we ask1 ,:at  
confirmation1 :at corroboration1 h we8  

:at does hi/ory tell u8 ,let u !n see   
:at hi/ory does tell4 ,x tells u1 9 !   
fir/ place1 t 9 ! ye> #dej ,attila 0    
kn[n to be com+ to invade & take        
possession ( ,gaul1 hav+ be5 eject$ f   
,italy4 ,8 army is said by contempor>y  
writ]s to h be5 compos$ ( #gjj1jjj m54  
,x 0 a ho/ile emigration4 ,!y br\ght _! 
wom5 & *ildr5 9 c>ts1 z ! ,huns always  
us$ to d1 & !y ( c\rse m>*$ b sl[ly4 ,!y
 w5t along bo? sides ( ! ,danube1 & got 
at l5g? into ,france4 ,de ,buck1 by a   
mo/ int]e/+ s]ies ( pro(s1 makes x almo/
 z evid5t z any?+ c be t !y cross$ ov]  
at ,cobl5tz1 !re=e n com+ ne> ,cologne4 
,!y ent]$1 z ,i h said1 into ,gaul1     
de/roy+ ev]y?+ 9 _! m>*4 ,"s ( _!       
b>b>ities & massacres are almo/         
incr$ible4 ,aft] deva/at+ ne>ly ! :ole (
 ! c\ntry1 !y besieg$ ,orleans4 ,!      
inhabitants hav+ be5 enc\rag$ to resi/1 
at la/ succe$$ 9 obta9+ c]ta9 t]ms2 t   
is1 ,attila & 8 *iefs w5t into ! city & 
took :at !y lik$1 b left ! city /&+4    
,aft] ?is !y 7 pursu$ by ! g5]al :om ,i 

h m5tion$--,aetius1 a ,gaul1 b :o got   
toge!r all ! troops he c\ld1 ,go?s1     
,visigo?s1 ,franks1 & o!rs1 :o saw :at !
 design ( ^! horrible b>b>ians 04  ,a   
mo/ trem5d\s battle 0 n[ f\ght1 t (     
,catalaunia 7,*alons-sur-,m>ne71 9 :i*  
contempor>y hi/orians tell u #cjj1jjj m5
 7 left on ! field2 b t numb] has be5   
r$uc$ to #bjj1jjj4 ,su* battles1 ?ank   
,god6 we seldom he> ( n[-a-days4        
,attila1 r\t$1 imm$iately took to       
flight1 & got cle> away f 8 pursu]s4 ,he
 w5t ?r\gh ,belgium1 de/roy+ city aft]  
city1 leav+ no?+ /&+1 & massacr+ ! p 9 !
 mo/ b>b>\s way4  ,"h comes ! mo/       
difficult knot ( ! :ole hi/ory4 ,au?ors 
agree t ,attila n[ made 8 way into      
,?ur+ia1 t is to ! he>t ( ,g]many2 he   
mu/ !re=e be suppos$ to h got cle> ov] !
 ,rh9e1 & m>*$ a long way ?r\gh !       
c\ntry4 ,on ?is subject ,de ,buck has "o
 ( ! mo/ exquisite & beautiful          
geographical inve/igations1 ,i %\ld ?9k1
 t h ev] appe>$4 ,he proves1 s t y c no 
m d\bt x ?an y c d\bt my hav+ ?is pap]  

be=e me1 t !re 0 ,?ur+ia :i* lay on ?is 
side ( ! ,rh9e2 he proves x by a s]ies  
docum5ts tak5 f m$iaeval writ]s1 & f    
inscriptions1 t !re 0 a ,?ur+ia :i*     
/ret*$ f ,l\va9 to ! ,rh9e4 ,inde$1 x is
 impossible to conceive h[ ,attila c\ld 
h got1 z by a leap1 into ! v mid/ (     
,g]many4 ,he traces ! natural c\rse (   
m>* 7:i* y c foll[ by any map71 tak+ !  
cities de/roy$ z l&m>ks1 & br+s him to  
?is prov9ce2 & :5 !re1 !re 0 no possible
 way ( cross+ ! ,rh9e b by ,cologne2 !re
 0 ! only bridge1 ! only milit>y pass ( 
any sort4 ,s !re c be no d\bt t ! ,huns1
 exasp]at$ by _! trem5d\s losses1 & by  
be+ driv5 #dde out ( ,gaul1 :i* !y      
int5d$ to occupy1 hav+ rev5g$ !mselves z
 !y w5t on1 7 oblig$ to g ?r\gh         
,cologne2 & if y calculate ! date ( !   
victory1 & consid] ! c\ntry ?r\gh :i*   
,attila pass$1 de/roy+ ev]y?+ z he w5t1 
y br+ him almo/ to a c]ta9ty to ,cologne
 ab\t ! #ba/ ( ,octob]1 ne>ly ! day ( ! 
m>tyrdom4 ,! ,regnante ,dom9o1 :i*      
attributes ! m>tyrdom to ! ,huns1       

corroborates all ?is acc\nt1 :i* is !   
result ( a mo/ pa9/ak+ exam9ation1      
ext5d+ ov] _m pages4  ,next we come to  
ano!r important po9t4 ,:y attribute ?is 
massacre to ! ,huns8 ,because !re 0 no  
o!r invasion & passage ( savages except 
t "o4 ,x accords1 !n1 bo? ) geographical
 & *ronological facts4 ,we h ! m>tyrs at
 ,cologne at ! v "t :5 ^! b>b>ians came4
  ,b we mu/ ne$s say some?+ ab\t !      
,huns4 ,!re is no "q t ! ,huns 7 ! mo/  
frightful1 cruel1 & lic5ti\s b>b>ians t 
ev] invad$ ! ,roman empire4 ,!y 7 n ( a 
nor!rn race1 ,g]mans or ,sc&9avians2 !y 
71 no d\bt1 ,mongols or ,t>t>s2 !y came 
f ,t>t>y1 f ,scy?ia1 & settl$ on !      
,caspian sea2 !y !n mov$ on to ! m\?s ( 
! ,danube1 & aga9 to ,hung>y1 & roll$ on
 9 ?is way t[>d ! ri*] c\ntries ( ! we/4
 ,!re are sev]al au?ors ( t             
p]iod--,jorn&es1 ,procopius1 & o!rs--:o 
describe !m to u4  ,footnote #hg ,!y    
tell u t :5 !y 7 infants _! mo!rs b\nd  
d[n _! noses1 & flatt5$ !m 9 su* a way t
 !y %\ld n come beyond ! *eek-bones2 t  

_! eyes 7 s sunk t !y look$ l two       
cav]ns2 t !y sc>ifi$ all ! l[] "p ( !   
face ) hot irons :5 "y1 s t no hair c\ld
 gr[2 t !y _h no be>d1 & 7 m hide\s ?an 
demons2 t !y wore no dress except a %irt
 fabricat$ by ! wom5 9 ! c>ts 9 :i* !y  
entirely liv$2 x 0 nev] *ang$1 b 0 worn 
till x dropp$ (f1 "u a mantle made      
entirely ( wild-rat sk9s4 ,_! *aussure  
consi/$ ( kid sk9s r\nd _! legs1 ) mo/  
extraord9>y %oes or s&als1 :i* _h no    
%ape :atev]1 & did n adapt !mselves to !
 =m2 ! consequ5ce 0 t !y c\ld n walk1 & 
!y f\ght entirely on _! wret*$ horses4  
,!y _h no cuis9e except betwe5 ! saddle 
& ! back ( ! horse1 :]e !y put _! /eaks 
& s(t5$ !m a little be=e eat+2 b z to   
dr9k1 !y c\ld take any am\nt ( x4 ,)    
reg>d to _! morality x _c be describ$4  
,! writ]s ( t age tell u t no ,roman    
woman w\ld all[ h]self to be se5 by a   
,hun4 ,!y 7 lic5ti\s to a degree1 & !y  
c>ri$ (f all ! wom5 !y c\ld into        
captivity2 probably !y de/roy$ a great  
_m2 :i* 0 _! cu/om :5 !y became a burd5 

to !m4 ,^!1 !n1 7 ! sort ( savages t    
rea*$ ,cologne4    ,footnote #hg3       
,ammianua ,m>cell9us1 lib4 xxxi41 cap4  
ii4   ,!y _h ano!r peculi>ity2 ( all !  
hordes ( savages t invad$ ! ,roman      
empire1 !y are ! only ones t us$ ! b[ & 
arr[4 ,! ,g]mans h>dly made any use ( ! 
b[1 except a few m5 :o mix$ 9 ! ranks2 z
 a body _! execution 0 ) ! sword1 !     
lance1 & ! pike4 ,! use ( ! b[ 0        
di/9ctly ,t>t>1 or ,scy?ian4 ,!n we are 
told t _! aim f horseback 0 infallible2 
t :5 fly+ f a foe !y c\ld turn r\nd &   
%oot ) p]fect facility2 t !y rode       
equally well a/ride or seat$ sideways l 
a woman2 9 fact t !y flew & turn$ j l ! 
,p>?ians & ,scy?ians f :om !y 7 desc5d$4
 ,9 ?is great battle ( ,catalaunia !y   
ei!r lo/ he>t or /ead9ess1 & !y c\ld n  
fire ^u _! enemies1 s t !y 7 pursu$ &   
trem5d\sly r\t$4 ,t _! mode ( fight+ 0  
by ! b[ & arr[1 y #ddf w see 9 !        
repres5tations giv5 9 ! beautiful %r9e  
at ,hamel9k1 :]e ! m>tyrs are fir$ into 
by ! b>b>ians ) b[s & arr[s4 ,let u see 

:at ?is has to d ) our "q4 ,! ,regnante 
,dom9o1 :i* we h m5tion$ z leg5d>y1     
gives a mo/ beautiful description ( !   
mode ( deal+ ) ! bodies4 ,! writ] says t
 :5 ! inhabitants saw t ! enemy 7 gone  
!y came out1 & 9 a field !y f\nd ?is    
great numb] ( virg9s ly+ on ! gr\nd4 ,!y
 collect$ _! blood1 got s>cophagi1 or   
made graves1 & put !m 92 & !re !y lay1 z
 !y 7 plac$1 ! writ] says1 z any "o c   
tell :o has se5 !m1 evid5tly sugge/+ t  
he _h se5 !m4 ,n[1 9 ! ye> #afdj1 on    
,july #b1 ,papebro*1 an au?ority beyond 
all "q1 & ,cromba*1 ^: ^w may be reli$  
on z t ( a mo/ excell5t & holy man1 7 at
 ! op5+ ( ! tombs4 ,f all tradition ?is 
0 no d\bt ! place ( ! /one ( ,clematius2
 !re has always be5 a conv5t !re2 & y   
rememb] t "p ( ! inscription :i* ?reat5s
 et]nal puni%m5t to ^? :o %\ld bury any 
b virg9s !re4 ,x is n[ call$ ,/4        
,ursula's ,ack]1 a sort ( sacr$ field   
:]e ! basilica 04 ,"h !y 7 buri$1 & s !y
 rema9$ undi/urb$ except by "s          
translations ( ! middle ages1 :i* d n   

conc]n u4 ,9 #afdj !re 0 a =mal         
exhumation1 & eye-witnesses tell u :at  
!y saw4 ,a nuncio came aft]w>d to v]ify 
! facts4  ,i w give y ! acc\nt ( h[ ^!  
bodies 7 f\nd4 ,_m ( !m 7 9 graves1 9   
r[s1 b ea* body sep>ate1 !re be+ a space
 ( a foot betwe5 !m4 ,9 o!r places !re 7
 /one s>cophagi 9 :i* !y 7 laid         
sep>ately4 ,!n ,cromba* describes t !re 
7 "s l>ge fosses1 sixty feet long1 eight
 feet deep1 & sixte5 wide1 conta9+ a    
l>ge numb] ( bodies4 ,!y 7 plac$ 9 a r[ 
) a space betwe5 !m2 at _! feet 0 ano!r 
r[2 !n a quantity ( e>? 0 ?r[n on1 &    
ano!r r[ 0 plac$1 & s on1 until y came  
to ! f\r?4 ,e skeleton 9 ! ?ree r[s 0   
entire1 & !y all look$ t[>d ! ea/4 ,!y  
_h _! arms cross$ ^u _! bosoms1 & almo/ 
e "o _h a vessel conta9+ blood1 or s&   
t+$ ) blood4 ,! f\r?1 or upp] /ratum1   
consi/$ ( disjo9t$ bones1 & ) ^! also   
!re 7 vessels conta9+ blood or color$   
s&4 ,9 ?is way1 ! writ] says1 he saw a  
hundr$ bodies4 ,!n !re 0 ?is rem>kable  
circum/ance ab\t _! clo!s4 ,euty*ianus1 

,footnote #hh ! pope1 _h publi%$ a      
decree t no body ( a m>tyr 0 ev] to be  
buri$ )\t hav+ a dalmatic put ^u x2 &   
clo!s 9 abundance 7 f\nd ^u ^! bodies4  
,footnote #hh3 ,acta ,,ss4 ,boll&4      
,octob41 tom1 ix41 p4 #aci4   ,con/ant4 
,rom4 ,pont4 ,epi/4 ,p>is1 #agba1 p4    
#bii4   ,ano!r important discov]y 01 t  
imm5se quantities ( arr[s 7 f\nd m+l$ ) 
! bones2 "s /ick+ 9 ! skull1 o!rs 9 !   
brea/1 o!rs 9 ! arms--"r 9 ! bones4 ,s x
 0 cle> t all ^! bodies _h be5 put to   
dea? by means ( arr[s1 & !re 0 no o!r   
tribe b ! ,huns :i* made use ( ! arr[ z 
its in/rum5t ( dea?4 ,i may add t !re 7 
no signs ( burn+1 or ( any hea!n burial 
ab\t !m4 ,?is also is mo/ important4 ,i 
h said t !re _h be5 o!r exhumations 9 ! 
elev5? & twelf? c5turies4 ,!re are      
pictures ( ^!1 & !re are s>cophagi      
pres]v$ 9 :i* bodies 7 f\nd4 ,^! are    
laid 9 exactly ! same mann] z o!rs 7    
f\nd 9 #afdj4 ,cromba* says ! :ole _h   
be5 done mo/ sci5tifically1 t ! di/ances
 7 all arrang$ by measure1 s t !re 0 n a

 qu>t] ( a foot diff]5ce any:]e4  ,n[1  
,i ask1 c\ld ^! bodies h be5 put !re 9  
consequ5ce ( a plague1 or an e>?quake1  
or any ev5t ( t k9d8 ,putt+ aside !     
arr[s f\nd 9 imm5se quantities1 & ! #ddg
 vessels conta9+ blood1 we "k t :5 p die
 9 a plague to ! numb] ( hundr$s1 a foss
 is made1 & !y are ?r[n 91 & !re is an  
end ( !m4 ,?is c\ld n h be5 a common    
cemet]y4 ,x conta9$ no?+ b ! bodies ( ^!
 wom5 7,i w speak ( _! physical         
*>act]i/ics lat]71 all laid 9 /udi$     
ord]1 ) great c>e1 & ) su* peculi>ities1
 & all evid5tly buri$ at ! same "t4     
,aft] read+ all ?is1 may we n exclaim ) 
,/4 ,ambrose1 ,we h f\nd ! signs (      
m>tyrdom1 & ) ,/4 ,gaud5tius1 ,:at c y  
desire m to %[ t !y 7 all m>tyr$8       
,footnote #hi ,& :o does n see "h       
confirm$ ! hi/ory ( ,clematius8 ,comp>+ 
! :ole ) traditions1 bo? ,engli% &      
,g]man1 x seems to me t y h z mu* pro( z
 y c reasonably require4    ,footnote   
#hi3 ,s4 ,ambros41 class1 i41 epi/4 xxii
 ,ed ,b541 tom1 iii41   p4 #ibg4 ,s4    

,gaud41 ,s]m4 9 ,d$ic4 ,,ss4 ,,xl4      
,m>tyr1 ap4 ,migne1 tom1   xx41 col4    
#ifc4  ,hav+ giv5 y concisely ! facts & 
corroborations ( hi/ory1 let me n[      
proce$ to answ] objections4  ,&1 fir/   
!re is ! "q1 ,7 all ^! m>tyrs8 ,well1 if
 !y 7 to be tri$ by ! rules e/abli%$ v  
ju/ly 9 ! mod]n ,*ur*1 x w\ld no d\bt be
 difficult to say2 because h[ c y prove 
t ea* ( ^! wom5 laid d[n h] life        
volunt>ily = ,*ri/8 ,! tradition (      
,cologne is t !y w\ld n sacrifice _!    
virtue to ^? hea!ns1 & t !y 7 surr\nd$ &
 %ot4 ,b 9 ^? times a wid] mean+ 0      
sometimes atta*$ to ! ^w m>tyr4 ,!re 7  
:at are call$ m>tyres improprie dicti1  
:]e !re c\ld n be ! same k9d ( evid5ce z
 9 ! case ( o!rs2 or m>tyres latiore    
s5su4 ,a p]son 0 call$ a m>tyr :5 he 0  
put to dea? )\t 8 w be+ consult$1 z 9 ! 
case ( our own ,/4 ,edmund1 & 9 ! case (
 ,/4 ,w5ceslaus1 :o 0 put to dea? )\t   
be+ int]rogat$ z to :e!r he w\ld rema9 a
 ,*ri/ian or n1 & _m o!rs4 ,de ,buck %[s
 t !re 0 no?+ m common4 ,we h !         

rem>kable case ( ! ,!ban legion--ano!r  
in/ance ( a l>ge numb] ( m5 be+ surr\nd$
 & cut d[n by soldi]s )\t be+ que/ion$ z
 to :e!r !y 7 9 a /ate ( grace1 or :e!r 
!y 7 prep>$ to die4 ,! de$ 0 done 9     
odium religionis1 by p :o m]ely look$ to
 ! gratification ( _! own passions & _! 
desire = rev5ge4 ,9 ^? days ! "q ( su*  
p]sons be+ m>tyrs w\ld be a v simple "o1
 if x 7 kn[n t !y 7 kill$ by ! ,huns 9  
hatr$1 z 0 suppos$1 ( _! virg9ity &     
because ( _! resi/ance4 ,we h 9         
m>tyrologies ! acc\nt ( ,nicom$ia & its 
twelve ?\s& m>tyrs4 ,de ,buck supposes t
 ! numb] includ$ all ! m>tyrs ( !       
p]secution4 ,& ! #f1gjj ( ! ,!ban legion
 are expla9$ 9 ! same way4  ,! next "q  
is1 ,7 ^! p]sons all virg9s8 ,:o c "k8  
,x is q c]ta9 t ev5 m>ri$ p]sons1 :5    
m>tyr$1 _h sometimes ! title ( virg9s   
giv5 to !m4 ,_m in/ances are suppli$ by 
! m>tyrologies & (fices4 ,/4 ,sab9a1    
,footnote #ij;= in/ance1 is call$ a     
virg9 m>tyr1 ?\gh %e 0 a m>ri$ p]son4 ,x
 0 consid]$ t m>tyrdom rais$ all wom5 to

 a high] degree ( excell5ce4 ,!re are "s
 curi\s que/ions1 too1 aris+1 :i* w\ld n
 v well d = a discussion "h4 ,x is1     
h[ev]1 suffici5tly prov$ t :5 !re 0 a   
great numb] ( virg9s1 & o!rs 7 mix$ )   
!m1 ! nobl] title 0 giv5 to all4 ,j z1  
if y h a great _m m>tyrs & "s confessors
 unit$1 ! title ( m>tyrs is appli$ to   
all1 z !y are includ$ 9 "o (fice1 ea*   
%>+ 9 ! glory ( m>tyrdom4 ,! ,s]mo 9    
,natali expressly tells u t x 0 n       
suppos$ at its e>ly p]iod t all 7       
virg9s1 b t !re 7 ladies ( all ranks &  
*ildr5 among/ !m4 ,inde$1 "s rema9s (   
*ildr5 7 f\nd4    ,footnote #ij3 ,acta  
,,ss4 ,boll&4 ,octob41 tom1 ix41 p4     
#adc4  #ddh  ,!n comes ! "q1 ,7 !re     
elev5 ?\s&8 ,c]ta9ly n z all "o company4
 ,x is suppos$1 & !re appe>s no?+       
unreasonable 9 x1 t :5 once ! rage ( !  
,huns 0 excit$ !y w\ld give way to an   
indiscrim9ate massacre1 & t ! elev5 ?\s&
 mo/ probably includ$ p]sons :o _h s\ght
 refuge1 p]haps _! own captives1 &      
probably a great numb] ( ! inhabitants (

 ! city4  ,b does x n seem a frightful  
numb] ( p]sons to be massacr$8 ,n by !  
,huns4 ,9 ! ye> #dcf ^! same ,huns      
slaught]$ at once 9 ,burgundy #cj1jjj   
m54 ,!y 7 ( ! same race1 ! same family (
 m51 z ,tam]lane1 :o _h #gj1jjj heads   
cut (f 9 ,ispahan4 ,& ! ,turks1 :5 !y   
took ! isl& ( ,*ios1 r$uc$ ! population 
( #abj1jjj to #h1jjj4 ,s t ^? slaught]s1
 :i* to u seem s fe>ful1 are n to be    
consid]$ 9 ! same light :5 occurr+ 9 ^? 
times4 ,we h a frightful example 9 !    
case ( ,!odosius & ! inhabitants (      
,!ssalonica4 ,x is said t #ae1jjj p]sons
 7 put to dea? 9 ! !atre = a simple     
insult4 ,! mo/ mod]ate calculation is t 
by ,/4 ,ambrose1 :o gives ! numb] z     
#g1jjj4 ,human life1 ( c\rse1 0 n !n    
reg>d$ z by u1 especially by m5 :o      
deva/at$ :ole cities & burn$ !m to !    
gr\nd4 ,h5ce ! difficulty z to ! numb] (
 p]sons1 includ+ among !m n m]ely !     
foll[]s ( ,/4 ,ursula1 b ! bulk ( !     
female inhabitants1 is expla9$4  ,ano!r 
"q arises1 ,7 !y ,engli%1 or 7 !re      

,engli% among/ !m8 ,t is answ]$         
unhesitat+ly1 ,yes4 ,all ! traditions1  
,engli% & ,g]man1 agree t ^! ladies _h  
come f ,engl& & s\ght refuge4  ,i h     
m5tion$ ! facilities = emigration1 & !  
way 9 :i* _m w5t out ( ! c\ntry2 s t !re
 w\ld be no?+ wond]ful 9 a c]ta9 numb] (
 ,briti% wom5 be+ at ,cologne at t "t4  
,n[ !re is ?is curi\s fact illu/rat+ !  
subject4 ,v lately ! ,gold5 ,*amb]1 z x 
is call$1 adjo9+ ! *ur*1 :]e ! *ief     
rema9s are deposit$1 0 visit$ by ,dr4   
,brauba* & ,dr4 ,gortz ( ,cologne1 ,dr4 
,bus*haus5 ( ,rat+51 & o!rs1 :o exam9$ !
 skulls & pron\nc$ !m to be ,celtic1 n  
,g]man4 ,! ,celtic *>act]i/ics1 z giv5  
by ,blum5ba* & o!r writ]s1 are q        
di/9ct--! *9 falls back consid]ably1 !  
skull is v long1 & ! v]tex ( ! head goes
 f> beh9d--q di/9ct f ! ,romans or      
,g]mans4 ,moreov]1 ) ! exception ( t5 or
 fifte5 out ( f eighty to a hundr$1 !y 7
 all ! bodies ( females4 ,n[ all !      
writ]s--all t ,i h se5 at lea/--say t   
!re c\ld n h be5 an emigration ( "s     

hundr$s ( wom5 )\t "s m51 "s p]sons to  
gu>d !m1 & ^! w\ld be ) !m & w\ld %>e _!
 m>tyrdom4 ,!n1 9 ! next place1 !y 7 all
 "y p1 !re 0 no sign ( _! hav+ di$ ( a  
plague or any o!r casualty1 b !y appe>$ 
to be /rong1 heal?y "y wom52 :i* (      
c\rse1 z f> z we c judge1 v]ifies !     
n>rative to ! utmo/4  ,i n[ leave y to  
judge h[ v diff]5t hi/orical rese>* has 
made ?is leg5d1 z x is call$1 appe>1 &  
h[ mu* we h a "r to reg>d x 9 a         
devotional _s1 z ! inhabitants ( ,g]many
 c]ta9ly d4 ,i d n say t !re h n be5 _m 
exagg]ations1 false relics1 & /ories2 b 
critical inve/igation enables u to put  
all ^! aside1 & to sift _! evid5ce4 ,b  
c]ta9ly we h a /rong hi/orical          
v]ification ( :at has be5 consid]$ until
 )9 ! la/ few ye>s z leg5d>y1 n only by 
real discov]ies :i* h come to light1 b  
also by a "r use ( evid5ce :i* be=e _h  
be5 ov]look$ & neglect$4  ,! :ole ( :at 
,i h said relates to ev5ts4 ,b my       
subject embraces ev5ts & ?+s4 ,! latt]  
"p rema9s unt\*$1 & ,i h #ddi yet to %[ 

h[ ?+s or objects :i* h be5 look$ ^u z  
fabul\s h be5 prov$ to be real & g5u9e4 
,,ii4 ,i proce$1 !re=e1 to objects :i* h
 be51 or may be1 easily misrepres5t$1 z 
if ass]t$ to be :at !y are n1 & involv+ 
an imputation ( impo/ure on ! "p ( ^? :o
 propose !m to ! notice or v5]ation (   
,ca?olics4  ,i w beg9 ) a r s+ul>       
example1 b "o :i*1 ,i tru/1 w v]ify !   
ass]tion :i* ,i h made2 & if "t p]mits1 
,i w multiply ! examples by giv+ two or 
?ree o!r in/ances4  ,i d n "k :e!r any (
 y 9 y\r =eign travels h visit$ !       
ca!dral ( ,*>tres2 ,i h n se5 x myself1 
b ,i believe t x is "o ( ! mo/ noble1   
mo/ maje/ic1 & mo/ inspir+ ( all ,go?ic 
build+s on ! cont95t4 ,! ,fr5* always   
speak ( x z comb9+ ! great effects ( a  
m$iaeval *ur*1 m p]haps ?an any o!r 9 _!
 c\ntry2 & z my address w relate to t   
ca!dral1 ,i ?9k x is necess>y to give a 
little prelim9>y acc\nt ( x2 at ! same  
"t w>n+ y t ,i d n by any means int5d to
 plunge into ! dep?s ( ! s+ul> my/]y 9  
:i* ! orig9 ( t ca!dral is involv$4 ,x  

takes its rise f a ,druidical cav]n :i* 
0 = "s "t ! only *ur* or ca!dral4 ,ov] t
 ! ,*ri/ians--= ! t[n 0 e>ly conv]t$ to 
,*ri/ianity--built a *ur*1 ( c\rse      
mode/1 & simple1 & poor1 z ! e>ly *ur*es
 ( ! ,*ri/ians 72 b 9 ?is 0 pres]v$1 ) !
 greate/ jeal\sy1 & ) ! deepe/ devotion1
 :at 0 call$ a ,druidical image ( ,our  
,lady1 :i* 0 always kept 9 ! crypt1 = x 
0 ov] ! crypt t ! *ur* 0 built4 ,x 0    
said to h exi/$ !re be=e ! build+ ( !   
*ur*2 b into t "p ( ! hi/ory x is n     
necess>y to ent]4 ,9 ! ye> #ajbj ?is    
poor old *ur* 0 /ruck by lightn+1 0 set 
on fire1 & entirely consum$4 ,! bi%op at
 t "t 0 "o ( ! mo/ rem>kable m5 9 !     
,fr5* ,*ur*--,fulb]t1 :o has left u a   
full acc\nt ( :at 0 done 9 8 "t !re4 ,he
 imm$iately set to "w to build ano!r    
*ur*1 propos+ t x %\ld be p]fectly      
magnific5t accord+ to all ! ideas ( !   
age2 & to enable him to d s1 he _h      
rec\rse to our mod]n practice ( collect+
 money on all sides4 ,among o!rs        
,canute1 k+ ( ,engl& & ,d5m>k1 & ,ri*>d1

 duke ( ,norm&y1 & almo/ all ! sov]eigns
 ( ! nor? contribut$ l>gely4 ,! result 0
 ! beg9n+ ( a v magnific5t *ur*4 ,!     
s+ul>ity ( ! build+ 0 ?is1 t ev]ybody   
labor$ ) 8 h&s1 n only m51 b wom51 n    
only ! poor1 b ! noble4 ,^! furni%$ ) _!
 own h&s provisions or :atev] 0 necess>y
 = ! workm54 ,h[ev]1 aft] ,fulb]t's     
dea?1 l mo/ und]tak+s ( t class1 ! "w   
became m languid2 & be=e x 0 complet$ 7t
 0 9 #ajid71 ! build+1 9 :i* !re 0 a    
great quantity ( wood us$1 0 aga9 burnt 
to ! gr\nd4 ,well1 ?is "t x 0 det]m9$ t 
!re %\ld be a spl5did *ur*1 su* z _h    
nev] be5 se5 be=e2 & "h1 aga91 t same   
plan ( work+ ) _! h&s 0 adopt$ to an    
ext5t :i*1 z /at$ 9 an acc\nt giv5 u by 
,haymon & "o or two o!rs1 seems         
incr$ible4 ,! labor]s reliev$ "o ano!r  
day & night1 light+ up ! :ole place )   
tor*es2 provisions 7 abundantly furni%$ 
to all ! workm5 )\t _! hav+ to move f _!
 places4 ,9 fact1 ! writ] says t y might
 see noblem51 n a few1 b hundr$s &      
?\s&s1 dragg+ c>ts or draw+ mat]ials &  

provisions2 9 fact1 n re/+ until1 9     
#aafj1 sev5ty ye>s aft] ! de/ruction1 ! 
*ur* 0 consecrat$2 & !re x rema9s1 ! gr&
 ca!dral *ur* ( ,*>tres at ?is day4     
,n[1 x may be ask$1 :at 0 #dej !re :i*  
mo/ p>ticul>ly made ,*>tres a place (   
su* great devotion1 & s atta*$ !        
inhabitants to its ca!dral t !y ?us     
sacrific$ _! ease & com=t s _m ye>s to  
build a *ur* wor?y ( _! object8 ,x 0 a  
relic--a relic :i* _h exi/$ = sev]al    
hundr$ ye>s at t "t 9 ! *ur*1 :i* made x
 a place ( pilgrimage1 & :i* 0 consid]$ 
mo/ v5]able4 ,:at 0 ?is relic8 ,! "n :i*
 x has always borne 9 ! m\?s ( ! simple1
 hone/1 & devot$ p ( ,*>tres & its      
neighborhood1 & 9 fact ( all ,france1 is
 ,la ,*emise de la ,sa9te ,vi]ge--t is1 
a tunic :i* 0 suppos$ & believ$ to h be5
 worn by ! ,bless$ ,virg91 h] "u-clo?+1 
& 0 ( c\rse consid]$ mo/ v5]able f hav+ 
be5 9 contact ) h] pure virg9al fle%4   
,h[ev]1 y may suppose t y require /rong 
pro( ( su* a relic at all1 & y w rememb]
 t my object is to %[ h[ ?+s :i* may h  

be5 d\btful1 & p]haps consid]$ almo/    
incr$ible1 h receiv$ great pro( &       
elucidation by rese>*4 ,i d n pret5d to 
say t 9 all respects y c prove ! relic3 
! rese>* to :i* ,i allude is mod]n1 b x 
may guide u back1 may confirm a         
tradition1 may give u /rong reasons 9   
its favor1 %[+ t x has n be5 receiv$ )\t
 good gr\nd1 ?\gh x may n be able to    
p5etrate ! d>kness :i* sometimes        
surr\nds ! beg9n+ ( any?+ 9 v remote    
antiquity4 ,i am n go+1 !n1 to prove !  
relic1 b ,i am go+ to %[ y ! gr\nds on  
:i* x _h be5 accept$1 & !n come to !    
mod]n v]ification ( x4  ,! hi/ory is    
?is4 ,a ,byzant9e writ] ( ! f\rte5?     
c5tury1 ,nicephorus ,calixtus1          
,footnote #ia tells u t ?is v relic 0 9 
! possession ( p]sons 9 ,judaea1 to :om 
x 0 left by our ,bless$ ,lady be=e h]   
dea?2 t x fell1 9 ! c\rse ( "t1 into !  
h&s ( a ,jew 9 ,galilee2 t two          
patricians ( ,con/ant9ople1 ,galbius &  
,c&idus1 trac$ x1 pur*as$ x1 & took x to
 ,con/ant9ople1 :]e1 consid]+ !mselves 9

 possession ( a great treasure1 !y      
conceal$ x1 & w\ld n let x be kn[n 7?is 
0 9 ! middle ( ! fif? c5tury72 t !      
,emp]or ,leo1 9 consequ5ce ( ! miracles 
:i* 7 wr\ght1 & by :i* ?is relic 0      
discov]$1 9 spite ( ^? :o possess$ x1   
imm$iately ent]$ into negotiations1     
obta9$ x1 & built a spl5did *ur* 9      
,con/ant9ople expressly to keep x2 & t !
 *ur* s built 0 consid]$ z ! safety1 !  
palladium z x 71 ( ! city (             
,con/ant9ople4 ,he m5tions ano!r fact   
:i* is important2 t is1 t !re 7 at t "t 
9 ,con/ant9ople ?ree o!r *ur*es1 ea*    
built expressly = ! pres]vation ( "o    
relic ( our ,lady4 ,i m5tion ^! facts = 
?is purpose3 !re is a v preval5t idea1  
,i believe among ,ca?olics z well z     
c]ta9ly among ,prote/ants1 t :at may be 
call$ ! great tide ( relics came into   
,europe ?r\gh ! crusades2 t ! poor      
ignorant crusad]s1 :o 7 m able to h&le a
 sword ?an to use _! discretion1 7      
impos$ ^u1 & b\ght any?+ t 0 (f]$ to !m 
at any price1 & s delug$ ,europe )      

spuri\s & false relics4 ,n[1 y w obs]ve1
 t all t ,i h be5 relat+ is ref]r$ to an
 age q ant]ior to ! crusades1 or to any 
movem5t ( ! we/ into ! ea/4 ,x is true t
 ,nicephorus ,calixtus is a comp>atively
 mod]n writ]1 b he c\ld be> te/imony to 
*ur*es t 7 exi/+1 & tell by :om !y 7    
built4 ,! m]e writ] ( a h&-book c trace 
out ! hi/ory ( a *ur* or any o!r public 
monum5t :i* is be=e ! eyes ( all3 b he 0
 n ( t "*3 he 0 a hi/orian1 & he tells u
 t !re 7  ,footnote #ib ?ree *ur*es 9   
,con/ant9ople1 j z we might say t #dea 9
 ,rome !re is ! *ur* ( ,santa ,croce1   
built by ,con/ant9e to pres]ve ! relics 
( ! cross4 ,nobody c d\bt t ! *ur* 0    
built = ! relic1 t ! relic 0 deposit$   
!re1 & t e>? f ! ,holy ,l& 0 put into   
its *apel4 ,monum5ts l t pres]ve _! own 
hi/ory4 ,!re=e1 :5 ?is writ] tells u t  
^! *ur*es exi/$ f t p]iod1 we c h>dly   
d\bt t he c\ld arrive at a k ( su*      
facts2 & at any rate x removes !        
impression t ^! wond]ful relics 7 m]ely 
! sweep+s1 z x 71 ( ,pale/9e dur+ a     

f]v5t & pi\s b at ! same "t ignorant &  
un5light5$ age4    ,footnote #ia3  ,hi/4
 ,eccles41 lib4 xv41 cap4 xxiv4         
,footnote #ib3  ,hi/4 ,eccles41 lib4    
xv41 cap4 xxv41 xxvi4  ,?us1 we get !   
hi/ory s f>4 ,n[1 we "k t !re 0 no "o :o
 valu$ relics to su* an ext5t z         
,*>lemagne4 ,we see1 by ,aix-la-,*apelle
 & o!r places1 :at exce$+ly curi\s      
relics he collect$4 ,i am n "h to def5d 
!m individually1 because ,i d n "k _!   
hi/ory2 nor is x to our purpose4 ,he 0 9
 close correspond5ce ) ! ea/1 f :i* he  
receiv$ l>ge pres5ts2 = x 0 v well kn[n 
:at he valu$ mo/4 ,!re 0 a p>ticul>     
reason = ?is4 ,! ,empress ,ir5e at t "t 
7,*>lemagne di$ 9 #had7 wi%$ to h 8     
daught] ,ro?rude 9 m>riage = h] son     
,porphyrog5itus1 & lat] (f]$ h] own h&  
to himself4  ,_m relics exi/$ at ! "t ( 
?is correspond5ce2 & z pres5ts are n[   
made ( ,arab horses & ,*9a s]vices1 s 7 
!y !n made ( relics1 :i*1 if true1      
mon>*s pref]r$ to any?+ else4 ,n[1 !re  
is e reason to suppose t among ! pres5ts

 s5t by ,ir5e to ,*>lemagne 0 ?is veil  
or tunic4  ,footnote #ic ,!re is 9 !    
ca!dral ( ,*>tres a w9d[ expressly      
commemorat+ ! passage ( ?is relic f !   
ea/ to ,*>tres4 ,secondly1 ! relic1 z y 
w see lat]1 01 up to a few ye>s ago1    
wrapp$ 9 a veil ( gauze1 :i* 0 entirely 
cov]$ ) ,byzant9e "w 9 gold & 9 silk1   
:i* _h nev] be5 tak5 (f2 & x 0 wrapp$ up
 9 x till ! la/ "t x 0 v]ifi$4 ,we h e  
reason to suppose t x _h come f         
,con/ant9ople1 & t x 0 deliv]$ at       
,*>tres 9 t cov]+4 ,9 ! ?ird place1 x is
 hi/orical--!re is no "q ab\t x1 = all  
*ronicles & au?orities agree ^u !       
po9t--t ,*>les ! ,bald1 ! gr&son (      
,*>lemagne1 be+ oblig$ to leave         
,aix-la-,*apelle1 9 consequ5ce ( go+ to 
settle 9 ,france1 :i* 0 ! portion ( !   
empire allott$ to him1 took ! relic     
away1 & deposit$ x 9 ! ca!dral (        
,*>tres4 ,s t1 z f> z we c trace a      
transaction ( ?is sort1 !re seems to be 
z mu* evid5ce z w\ld be accept$ 9       
respect to ! transmission ( any object (

 a pr(ane "* f "o c\ntry to ano!r4 ,!re 
is ! correspond5ce ( ! workman%ip2 !re  
are ! records ( ! place2 & !re is ! fact
 t ! relics 7 br\ght f ,aix-la-,*apelle1
 :]e ,*>lemagne _h collect$ s _m relics 
t he _h receiv$ f ,con/ant9ople4        
,mabillon1 :o c]ta9ly is an au?ority 9  
matt]s ( ecclesia/ical hi/ory1 says x   
w\ld be ! greate/ ra%ness to d5y !      
g5u95ess ( ?is relic4 ,:o w presume to  
d5y t x is real & g5u9e8 ,?is is 9 a    
lett] to ! bi%op ( ,blois1 9 :i* he is  
expressly treat+ ! subject ( disc]n+    
true relics4 ,ev]y?+ s f>1 !re=e1 helps 
to give au!nticity to ?is extraord9>y   
relic :i* made ,*>tres a place ( imm5se 
pilgrimage4    ,footnote #ic3 ,see note 
at p4 #dee4  ,br++ x d[n s f>1 we may   
ask1 :at 0 ! common1 & we may say !     
vulg>1 op9ion ( ! p reg>d+ x8 ,x _h nev]
 be5 op5$1 & 0 nev] se5 until ! end ( ! 
la/ c5tury4 ,! consequ5ce 01 t x 0 call$
 by ! "n ,i h m5tion$4 ,x 0 repres5t$ z 
a sort ( tunic4 ,x 0 ! cu/om to make    
tunics ( t =m1 :i* 7 laid ^u ! %r9e &   

#deb worn 9 devotion2 !y 7 s5t specially
 to ladies ( great rank1 & 7 s held 9   
v5]ation t x 0 ! rule1 t if any p]son   
go+ to fight a duel _h on "o ( ^!       
*emisettes1 z !y 7 call$1 he mu/ take x 
(f2 z x 0 suppos$ 8 rival _h n fair play
 s long z he c>ri$ x ^u him4 ,9 giv+ an 
acc\nt ( ! build+ ,i =got to m5tion !   
wond]ful miracles 9 connection ) ! relic
 !re1 :i* are believ$ by ev]ybody to h  
tak5 place4 ,x is ev5 on record t !     
,*evali] sans peur et sans repro*e w5t  
to ,*>tres p\r se faire en*emis] be=e he
 w5t to w>4  ,9 #agab1 we f9d t ! relic 
0 9 a c$> case ri*ly ornam5t$ ) gold &  
jewels--! orig9al case 9 :i* x _h       
arriv$4 ,! wood be+ worm-eat5 & crumbl+1
 x 0 ?\ght prop] to remove & clean x1 & 
put x 9 "s bett] place4 ,! c$> case _h  
no op5+ by :i* x c\ld 9 any way be      
exam9$1 & ! bi%op ( ! "t1 ,mgr4 de      
,m]9ville1 propos$ to op5 x4 ,he *ose a 
jury ( ! mo/ respectable inhabitants ( !
 t[n1 cl]gy & laity1 to assi/4 ,! box 0 
unclos$1 & ! relic 0 f\nd wrapp$ up1 z  

,i h said1 9 ! veil ( ,byzant9e "w4 ,!  
veil 0 n unclos$1 s t !y did n see !    
relic itself4 ,! debris ( ! box 0 swept 
away1 & ! relic1 z x 01 0 put into a    
silv] case t _h be5 prep>$2 ?is 0 lock$ 
up1 & !n deposit$ 9 a l>g] %r9e di/9ct f
 all ! o!r relics4 ,! proces v]bal /ill 
exi/s 9 ! ar*ives ( ,*>tres giv+ an     
acc\nt ( all t took place1 f :i* !      
acc\nt ,i h giv5 y is tak54  ,infidelity
 0 !n spread+ 9 ,france1 &1 z y may "k1 
a great deal ( ridicule 0 ?r[n on ?is   
relic4 ,x 0 said t su* a g>m5t 0 n worn 
9 ^? days1 t ! sy/em ( dress 0 q        
diff]5t1 & t x 0 absurd to imag9e any   
article l ?is4 ,n[1 z no "o _h se5 !    
relic1 !re 0 no way ( answ]+ ^!         
reproa*es4 ,9 #agic1 ?ree commission]s  
came f ! ,fr5* gov]nm5t1 w5t into !     
sacri/y1 & imp]i\sly desir$ to look at !
 relic2 x 0 v ri*ly en%r9$1 & !y int5d$ 
to c>ry x (f4 ,! %r9e 0 br\ght to !m1 z 
! proces v]bal ( ! second exam9ation    
relates1 :5 !y seem$ to be seiz$ ) a    
c]ta9 awe1 & said1 ,we w n t\* x2 let x 

be op5$ by prie/s4 ,two prie/s 7 ord]$  
to op5 ! box1 & !y did s4 ,^! m5 _h come
 prep>$ to h a good laugh1 & sc(f+ at   
?is wond]ful relic4 ,= antiqu>ians _h   
be5 say+ t su* inw>d clo?+ 0 n kn[n s   
e>ly z ! fir/ c5tury1 b t in/ead a long 
veil us$ to be wrapp$ r\nd ! body4      
,well1 !y f\nd a long piece ( clo? f\r &
 a half ells 9 l5g?--exactly :at _h be5 
said %\ld be ! prop] g>m5t4 ,!          
commission]s 7 />tl$ & amaz$1 & said1 ,x
 is cle> t ?is is n ! relic ! p h       
imag9$2 p]haps x is all an impo/ure4 ,!y
 !n cut (f a consid]able piece & s5t x  
to ! ,abbe ,b>!lemy1 au?or ( ! ,travels 
( ,ana*>sis & memb] ( ! ,in/itute--a man
 :o _h made ! cu/oms & usages (         
antiquity 8 /udy2 !y did n tell him :]e 
x came f1 b desir$ him to give an op9ion
 ( :at x might be4 ,he return$ ?is      
answ]3 t x mu/ be ab\t #b1jjj ye>s old1 
& t f ! description giv5 him x appe>$ to
 be exactly l :at ! ladies 9 ! ,ea/ we> 
at ?is day1 & always h worn--t is1 a    
veil :i* w5t ov] ! head1 across ! *e/1 &

 !n involv$ ! :ole body1 be+ ! fir/     
dress worn4 ,i ask1 c\ld a v]ification  
be m complete ?an ?is8 ,&1 recollect1 x 
comes entirely f enemies4 ,x 0 n ! bi%op
 or cl]gy t s\ght x4 ,! relic 0 9 ! h&s 
( ^? ?ree infidel commission]s1 :o s5t a
 portion to ,p>is )\t say+ or giv+ any  
h9t ( :at x 0 7!y #dec want$ to make out
 t ! :ole 0 an impo/ure71 & ! answ] 0   
return$ :i* ,i h m5tion$1 & :i* is      
conta9$ 9 ! proces 9 ! ar*ives ( !      
episcopal palace at ,*>tres4 ,if any "o 
wants to read ! :ole hi/ory1 ,i ref] him
 to a mo/ int]e/+ book j publi%$ by !   
cure ( ,/4 ,sulpice 7,abbe ,hamon71     
entitl$ ,notre ,dame de ,france1 ou     
,hi/oire du ,culte de la ,sa9te ,vi]ge  
en ,france4 ,! fir/ volume1 ! only "o   
out1 conta9s ! hi/ory ( ! dioceses ( !  
prov9ce ( ,p>is4  ,i w proce$ to a      
second popul> *>ge1 & x is "o !         
opportunity ( easily v]ify+ :i* may nev]
 occur aga94 ,x ref]s to ! head ( ,/4   
,john ! ,bapti/1 or1 %all ,i say1 to !  
?ree heads ( ,/4 ,john ! ,bapti/8       

,because1 if y read ,engli% travell]s ( 
! old /amp1 l ,=sy?1 y w f9d t !y make  
co>se jokes ab\t x4 ,=sy?1 ,i ?9k1 says 
some?+ ab\t ,c]b]us2 b m gravely x has  
be5 said1 t ,/4 ,john mu/ h _h ?ree     
heads--"o be+ at ,ami5s1 "o at ,g5oa1 & 
ano!r at ,rome2 t at ea* place !y are   
equally positive 9 _! claims2 & t !re is
 no way ( expla9+ ?is b by suppos+ t ,/4
 ,john 0 a triceps4  ,:5 we speak ( a   
body y c easily imag9e t "o piece may be
 9 "o place1 ano!r 9 ano!r1 a ?ird      
else:]e1 & s on4 ,t is ! common way 9   
:i* we say t ! bodies ( sa9ts are       
multipli$2 because ! ,*ur* consid]s t ! 
place :i* conta9s ! head or "o ( ! l>g] 
limbs ( a sa9t1 or ! "p 9 :i*1 if a     
m>tyr1 he 0 kill$ or receiv$ 8          
dea?-w\nd1 has ! "r ( keep+ 8 fe/ival & 
honor+ him j z if x _h ! :ole body4     
,!re=e1 9 ca!drals & places :]e fe/ivals
 are held 9 honor ( a p>ticul> sa9t1 :]e
 !y h relics1 :i* h p]haps be5 seal$ up 
= ye>s1 & nev] exam9$1 !y (t5 speak z if
 !y h ! entire body4 ,?is is a common   

practice1 & if ,i _h "t ,i might give y 
an int]e/+ exemplification ( x4         
,footnote #id ,suffice x to say1 t      
accord+ to travell]s !re are ?ree heads 
( ,/4 ,john4 ,n[ z ,i h said1 a body c  
be divid$1 b y c h>dly imag9e ?is to be 
! case ) a head4    ,footnote #id3 ,s9ce
 publi%$ 9 ,! ,mon?1 ,/ory ( a ,fr5*    
,(fic]4 7,see ,,ca?4 ,,_w1 ,no4 #a47  ,a
 v int]e/+ old ,engli% travell]--,sir   
,john ,m&eville--w5t into ! ,ea/ v e>ly1
 & return$ 9 #acff2 soon aft] :i*1 almo/
 z soon z any books 7 publi%$1 8 travels
 appe>$4 ,he is a v well-kn[n writ]4 ,( 
c\rse y mu/ n expect t accuracy 9 8     
works :i* a p]son w\ld n[ exhibit :o has
 books at 8 comm& & all ! conv5i5ces =  
travell+4 ,he 0 n a pr(\nd s*ol>3 he    
believes almo/ :atev] is told him1 s :at
 we mu/ d is to let him guide u z well z
 he c1 & endeavor to judge h[ f> he is  
"r4 ,i w read y an extract1 !n1 f ,sir  
,john ,m&eville3  ,footnote #ie         
,footnote #ie3 ,travels1 *ap1 ix41 p4   
#ahb4 ,ed4 ,bohn4  ,f !nce we g up to   

,sam>ia1 :i* is n[ call$ ,seba/e2 x is !
 *ief city ( t c\ntry4 ,!re 0 wont to be
 ! head ( ,/4 ,john ! ,bapti/ inclos$ 9 
! wall2 b ! ,emp]or ,!odosius _h x drawn
 out1 & f\nd x wrapp$ 9 a little clo?1  
all bloody2 & s he c>ri$ x to           
,con/ant9ople2 & ! h9d] "p ( ! head is  
/ill at ,con/ant9ople2 & ! =e "p ( !    
head to "u ! *91 "u ! *ur* ( ,/4        
,silve/]1 :]e are nuns2 & x is yet all  
broil$1 z ?\gh x 7 half burnt2 = !      
,emp]or ,julian above m5tion$1 ( 8      
wick$ness & malice1 burn$ t "p ) ! o!r  
bones1 z may /ill be se52 & ?is ?+ ha?  
be5 prov$ bo? by popes & emp]ors4 ,& !  
jaws b5ea? :i* hold to ! *91 & a "p ( ! 
a%es1 & ! platt] on :i* ! head 0 laid :5
 x 0 smitt5 (f1 are at ,g5oa2 & !       
,g5oese make a great fea/ 9 honor ( x1 &
 s d ! ,s>ac5s also4 ,& "s m5 say t !   
#ded head ( ,/4 ,john is at ,ami5s 9    
,pic>dy2 & o!r m5 say t x is ! head (   
,/4 ,john ! bi%op4 ,i "k n :i* is       
correct1 b ,god kn[s2 b h[ev] m5 wor%ip 
x1 ! bless$ ,/4 ,john is satisfi$4  ,?is

 is a true ,ca?olic s5tim5t4 ,"r or     
wrong1 all mean to honor ,/4 ,john1 &   
!re is an end ( x4 ,we c\ld n expect a  
travell] go+ ?r\gh ! c\ntry l ,sir      
,john1 n visit+ e place1 b he>+ "o ?+ f 
"o & ano!r f ano!r1 to tell u ! exact   
full tru?4 ,b we h "h two v important   
po9ts ga9$4 ,fir/1 we h ! s+ul> fact ( !
 division ( ! head at all4 ,we          
occasionally he> ( ! head ( a sa9t be+  
at a p>ticul> place1 b seldom ( a "p ( a
 head be+ 9 "o place & a "p 9 ano!r4 ,"h
 we h an unprejudic$ travell] go+ into !
 ,ea/2 he comes to ! place :]e ! head ( 
,/4 ,john us$ to be kept1 & he f9ds !re 
! tradition t x 0 divid$ into ?ree p>ts1
 "o ( :i* 0 at ,con/ant9ople1 "o at     
,g5oa1 & ano!r at ,rome4 ,!n he adds1   
,o!r p say t ! head is at ,ami5s4 ,s mu*
 ,sir ,john ,m&eville fur!r in=ms u3 he 
m5tions ! places :]e x 0 report$ ! head 
01 tell+ u t x 0 divid$ into ?ree4  ,?is
 is a /atem5t wor?y ( be+ v]ifi$4 ,x 0  
made a long "t ago1 & yet ! tradition   
rema9s ! same4 ,x 0 z well believ$ 9 !  

?irte5? c5tury 9 ! ,ea/1 at ,seba/e1 z x
 is 9 ,europe at ! pres5t mom5t4  ,!    
*ur* ( ,s4 ,silve/ro 9 ,capite1 :i* _m (
 y rememb]1 is a small *ur* on ! ea/    
side ( ! ,corso1 ent]$ by a sort (      
ve/ibule3 x has an atrium or c\rt1 )    
ar*es r\nd1 & dwell+s = ! *apla9s2 !    
out] gates c be %ut at night s z to     
prev5t completely any access to ! *ur*4 
,! re/ is an imm5se build+1 belong+ to !
 nuns1 runn+ out t[>d ! ,propag&a4 ,:5 !
 republicans 9 ! late invasion got hold 
( ,rome1 ! fir/ ?+1 ( c\rse1 :i* !y did 
0 to turn out ! monks & nuns "r & left1 
to make b>racks2 & ! poor nuns ( ,s4    
,silve/ro 7 ord]$ to move4 ,! head ( ,/4
 ,john is 9 a %r9e :i* looks v          
brilliant1 b is poor 9 reality4 ,i ?9k x
 is expos$ high beyond ! alt>1 & ! nuns 
kept x 9 jeal\s cu/ody 9 _! h\se4 ,!    
republicans s5t away ! nuns 9 ! middle (
 ! night1 at t5 or elev5 o'clock1 j z !y
 71 ) :at clo!s !y c\ld get made into   
bundles3 !re 7 c>riages at ! door to s5d
 !m (f to "s o!r conv5t1 )\t ! slighte/ 

w>n+ or notice4 ,! poor creatures 7     
ord]$ to take up _! abode 9 ! conv5t (  
,/4 ,pud5tiana4 ,! only ?+ !y ?\ght ( 0 
_! relic1 & t !y c>ri$ ) !m4 ,! good    
nuns receiv$ !m ?\gh late at night1 &   
did :at !y c\ld to give !m good *e]2 !y 
gave up "o ( _! dormitories to !m1 putt+
 !mselves to imm5se inconv5i5ce4  ,:5 ! 
,fr5* came to ,rome1 !y f\nd ,s4        
,silve/ro s useful a build+ = public    
purposes t !y cont9u$ to hold x1 b      
p]mitt$ ! nuns to occupy "s rooms ne> ! 
*ur*4 ,i 0 9 ,rome :ile !y 7 /ill at my 
titul> *ur*1 & w5t to visit ! nuns      
atta*$ to x4 ,_! gue/s ask$1 ,w\ld y n l
 to see our relic ( ,/4 ,john8 ,i said1 
,c]ta9ly ,i %\ld2 p]haps ,i %all nev] h 
ano!r opportunity4 ,i d n suppose x _h  
be5 out ( _! h\se = hundr$s ( ye>s4 ,!re
 is a *apel )9 ! conv5t :i* ! nuns ( ,/4
 ,pud5tiana consid] a sacr$ oratory1    
hav+ a miracul\s picture !re1 to :i* !y 
are mu* atta*$2 & 9 ?is !y kept ! %r9e4 
,on exam9ation ,i f\nd t !re 0 no "p ( !
 head except ! back4 ,x is said 9 !     

extract ,i h read to y t ! front "p ( ! 
head is at ,rome2 b x is ! back ( !     
skull m]ely2 ! re/ is fill$ up ) "s     
/uff+ #dee & silk ov] x4 ,! nuns h b a  
?ird ( ! head2 & ! ass]tion t !y pret5d 
to possess ! head1 :i* travell]s make1  
is cle>ly false4 ,i c say f my own ocul>
 inspection t x is b ! ?ird "p--! back  
"p1 :i* is ! mo/ int]e/+1 because !re ! 
/roke ( m>tyrdom fell4 ,i 0 c]ta9ly glad
 ( ?is =tunate opportunity ( v]ify+ !   
relic4  ,"s "t aft]w>d ,i 0 at ,ami5s4  
,i 0 v intimate ) ! late bi%op1 & sp5t  
"s days ) him4 ,"o day he said to me1   
,w\ld y wi% to see our head ( ,/4 ,john8
 ,yes1 ,i repli$1 ,i %\ld mu* desire x4 
,well1 he said1 we w wait till !        
aft]noon2 !n ,i w h ! gates ( ! ca!dral 
clos$1 t we may exam9e x at leisure4    
,we d9$ e>ly1 & w5t into ! *apel ( !    
,bless$ ,sacram5t1 :]e ! relic 0 expos$1
 ) c&les4 ,aft] say+ pray]s1 x 0 br\ght1
 & ,i _h x 9 my h&s2 x 0 no?+ b ! mask1 
! middle & back portions be+ totally    
want+4 ,y c\ld almo/ trace ! expression 

& "* ( ! c\nt5ance 9 ! bony /ructure4 ,x
 0 ( ! same size & color z ! portion :i*
 ,i _h se5 at ,/4 ,pud5tiana2 b !       
rem>kable ?+ ab\t x is t !re are /iletto
 m>ks 9 ! face4 ,we are told by ,fa!rs1 
t ,h]odias /abb$ ! head ) a bodk9 :5 %e 
got x into h] h&1 & "h are ! m>ks ( su* 
an op]ation visible4 ,y c\ld almo/ say t
 y _h se5 him z he 0 alive4 ,i h n se5 !
 ?ird fragm5t1 b ,i c h>dly d\bt t x is 
a portion ( ! same head1 & t x w\ld     
comprise ! p>ts1 ! *9 & ! jaw1 because  
!re is no l[] jaw 9 ! front "p1 :i* is a
 m]e mask4 ,! only o!r claimant is      
,g5oa1 & its relic ,i h n se54 ,b ?is is
 exactly ! portion allott$ by ,m&eville 
to t city4 ,i h1 h[ev]1 _h !            
satisfaction ( p]sonally v]ify+ two ( ! 
relics1 ea* ( :i* comprises a ?ird "p ( 
! head1 leav+ = ! o!r rema9d] exactly ! 
place :i* our old travell] allots to x4 
,mr4 ,ca%el ,hoey1 "o ( our le>n$       
contributors1 has k9dly   furni%$ me ) a
 mo/ int]e/+ corroboration ( ?is acc\nt4
   ,x is an extract f ! ,revue          

,ar*eologique1 new s]ies1 ,jan4   #ahfa1
 p4 #cf1 9 a pap] by ,m4 ,l\is ,mol&1   
entitl$ ,*>lemagne a   ,con/ant9ople1   
etc41 giv+ an acc\nt ( a ,,ms4 9 !      
libr>y (   ! ,ars5al1 ant]ior to !      
?irte5? c5tury4    ,! foll[+ is ! acc\nt
 ( ! relic :i* ! emp]or is   /at$ to h  
br\ght f ,con/ant9ople to               
,aix-la-,*apelle3    ,li emp]]es pri/   
les sa9tuaires tot en disant ses        
orisons1 si   les mi/ en esk]pes        
7e*>pes7 totes de drap de soie et si les
   enporta molt sa9tem5t avoec lui      
trosqu ,ais la ,capele en l'eglise      
,no/re ,dame qu'il avoit ediflie4 ,la fu
 e/ablis p> l'apo/olie 7,le   ,pape7 et 
p> les ar*evesques et les evesques z    
pel]9s li grans   p>dons1 qui por ,deu i
 v5oi5t4 ,oies une p>tie des reliques1  
que   li emp]]es ot aportees3 il i fu la
 moities de la corone dont   ,no/re     
,sires fu corones des poignans esp9es4  
,et si i ot des claus   dont ,no/re     
,sires fu ata*ies en la crois al jor que
 li ,jui le   crucifi]5t4 ,et si i ot de

 la vraie crois une pie*e et del suaire 
,no/re ,segnor1 ,o le *emise ,no/re     
,dame4  ----  #def  ,f ,! ,mon?4        
,,madame ,,swet*9e ,,& ,,h] ,,salon4    
,! salons ( ,p>is =m a di/9ctive feature
 ( ,fr5* society4 ,n[h]e else is ! same 
?+ exactly to be f\nd4 ,fr5*wom5 h a    
peculi> gift = conv]sation1 due 9 a     
great measure to _! graceful language1 )
 its delicate %ades ( expression4 ,we   
are prone to smile at ,fr5*             
s5tim5tality1 or to apply _! own ^w     
v]biage1 prefac+ x ) unmean+4 ,b :5 !   
epi!t does truly fit1 x is because !    
real ?+ has be5 abus$1 n because x does 
n exi/4 ,conv]sation 9 ,france is       
cultivat$ z an art1 j ! same z epi/ol>y 
/yle3 bo? =m an important bran* ( female
 education4 ,:5 ! soil is bad1 ! attempt
 at culture only betrays m cle>ly native
 pov]ty2 9 o!r words1 a m9d ( little    
?\ght or ta/e becomes ridicul\s 9 /ra9+ 
aft] ! expression ( :at x c nei!r       
conceive nor feel4 ,b :5 a well-in=m$ & 
cultivat$ intellig5ce blossoms into ke5 

appreciation ( ! beautiful1 no language 
s delicately z ,fr5* conveys m9ute %ades
 ( ?\ght & feel+4 ',tis n repetition1   
!n1 b v>iety2 & :5 su* an in/rum5t is   
h&l$ ) fem99e tact1 p]fection 9 its k9d 
is a*iev$4  ,no wond] t salons are      
exclusively ,fr5* f ! days ( ,julie de  
,ramb\illet d[n to ,madame ,recami]4 ,no
 wond] at ! influ5ce ex]cis$ by a woman 
:o really has a salon4 ,few1 v few1     
arrive at ?is result4 ,?\s&s may        
receive2 hundr$s glitt] 9 ! gay _w (    
fa%ion1 r5[n$ = beauty1 wit1 good       
dress+1 or good p>ties2 two or ?ree at  
mo/ 9 a c5tury are ! presid+ spirits (  
_! social circles1 & t is :at con/itutes
 hav+ a salon4 ,no "o quality alone w d 
x2 a comb9ation is requir$2 n always !  
same1 b "o or two toge!r1 :i*soev]1     
attract+ sympa?y & produc+ influ5ce4    
,influ5ce--! effect1 n ! quality        
itself--c nev] be abs5t4  ,/rang]s      
settl+ 9 ,p>is h _h _! salon2 b we d n  
"k t !y c\ld transport x ) !m to any o!r
 atmosph]e4 ,beside ,madame ,recami]--^:

 r>e beauty1 jo9$ to h] goodness & h]   
tact1 help$ to =m h] salon--two o!r wom5
 9 our day1 or j be=e x1 h be5 ! lead+  
/>s ( _! circles4 ,o!rs1 no d\bt1 !re   
are2 b ! names ( ^! ?ree h escap$ beyond
 ,p>is4 ,/range to say1 two are =eign]s1
 & bo? ( ^! ,russians4 ,except1 h[ev]1 z
 reg>ds c\ntry & influ5ce1 no comp>ison 
c ( c\rse be e/abli%$ betwe5 ! ,pr9cess 
,liev5 & ,madame ,swet*9e4 ,"o s\ght &  
ga9$ a political object2 ! o!r accept$  
circum/ances1 & f\nd !m fame4  ,madame  
,swet*9e 0 already ?irty-f\r ye>s ( age 
:5 %e arriv$ 9 ,p>is4 ,%e _h no beauty1 
& no pret5sions to wit2 inde$1 h]       
timidity 0 su* t h] expressions 7 always
 obscure :5 %e began to speak2 & x 0    
only by degrees1 z %e w5t on1 t %e ga!r$
 confid5ce1 & !n h] language fl[$ )     
ease1 betray+1 r ?an fully reveal+1 !   
deep curr5t ( ?\ght b5ea?4 ,/ill h]     
advantages 7 _m4 ,z reg>ds outw>d       
circum/ances1 %e possess$ good bir? &   
high position2 h] mann]s 7 su* z ! e>ly 
culture ( a poli%$ c\rt be/[s2 %e 0     

accu/om$ to wield a l>ge =tune1 & to    
hold a prom95t place 9 ! social _w4 ,^! 
7 advantages t might be fairly set aga9/
 ! abs5ce ( beauty1 wondr\s z is t *>m3 
beside1 h] p]son 0 n unpleas+4 ,?\gh    
#deg small1 %e 0 graceful 9 h] motions2 
despite little blue eyes1 r irregul>1 & 
a nose ( ,calmuck =m1 h] face wore a s(t
 k9dly expression t attract$ sympa?y4   
,h] complexion 0 rem>kably fre% & cle>4 
,b ,madame ,swet*9e possess$ innate     
qualities ( he>t & m9d ( ! r>e/         
description1 t only unfold$ !mselves    
gradually ! m closely %e c\ld be obs]v$4
 ,unlike mank9d 9 g5]al1 ! bett] %e 0   
kn[n1 ! m 0 %e belov$ & admir$4 ,h]     
intellig5ce ( ri*ly-v>i$ p[]s _h be5    
c>efully cultivat$2 :at %e acquir$ 9    
y\?1 ) ! aid ( ma/]s1 _h be5 s9ce matur$
 by h] own unceas+ /udy1 & by read+ ( ! 
mo/ widely-discursive "*4 ,n only 0 %e  
famili> ) anci5t & mod]n lit]atures1    
p]us+ !m 9 _! orig9als1 b %e also       
conv]s$ flu5tly 9 all ! languages (     
,europe4 ,h] imag9ation1 en?usia/ic &   

wild almo/1 z belongs to ! nor?1        
successfully s\ght = outp\r+s1 bo? 9    
music & pa9t+4 ,by a /range comb9ation1 
no natural quality ( m9d 0 m rem>kable 9
 ,madame ,swet*9e ?an h] good s5se3 !   
only feature t %one above x 0 h] em95t  
gift ( piety4  ,b virtues1 & p>ticul>ly 
religi\s virtues1 proce$ f ! he>t q z   
mu* z f ! intellig5ce2 (t51 inde$1 f> m 
especially4 ,madame ,swet*9e possess$ ! 
w>me/ feel+s1 a nature bo? lov+ &       
expansive4 ,z daught]1 wife1 & fri5d %e 
ev9c$ r>e devotion2 b ! s5tim5t & ?\ght 
t mo/ fill$ he>t & m9d 0 und\bt$ly h]   
love = ,god4  ,:at a ri* assemblage (   
qualities is "h6 h[ /range t !y %\ld g  
to make up a ,p>isian woman ( fa%ion6   
,su*1 h[ev]1 9 its mo/ usual            
acceptation1 ,madame ,swet*9e nev] 03 %e
 nev] m+l$ 9 ! light brilliant _w2 b %e 
did =m ! c5tre ( attraction to a l>ge   
circle %e _h h] salon4  ,g5]al ,swet*9e1
 deeply w\nd$ by ! emp]or1 :o l5t too   
ready cr$5ce to unf\nd$ reports :isp]$  
aga9/ s fai?ful a subject1 w\ld n /oop  

to ju/ify himself1 b quitt$ ,russia 9   
disgu/1 accompani$ by 8 wife4 ,:5 !y    
rea*$ ,p>is1 9 ! spr+ ( #ahaf1 ,l\is    
,,xviii4 0 on ! ?rone ( ,france4 ,madame
 ,swet*9e f\nd n[ re/or$ to _! high     
positions ^? fri5ds ( h] y\? :om z      
exiles %e _h kn[n & lov$ at ,/4         
,pet]sburg4 ,h] place 0 naturally among/
 !m2 new intimacies 7 soon add$ to !    
old4 ,! ,du*esse de ,duras1 au?oress (  
,ourika1 & fri5d ( ,madame de ,/ael1    
ga9$ a /rong hold on h] affections4 ,yet
 x did n seem at fir/ z if ,madame      
,swet*9e 7 de/9$ to s mu* influ5ce 9    
,fr5* society4 ,mode/y made h] res]v$4  
,madame de ,/ael _h be5 invit$ to meet  
h] at a small d9n]-p>ty2 & ,madame      
,swet*9e1 ?\gh seat$ opposite1 0        
intimidat$1 & all[$ ! meal to pass ov]  
)\t speak+ or sc>cely rais+ h] eyes4    
,aft]w>d ,madame de ,/ael came up &     
said1 ,i _h be5 told t y desir$ my      
acqua9tance2 0 ,i mis9=m$8 ,by no means1
 0 ! reply2 b x is cu/om>y = royalty to 
speak fir/4 ,su* 0 ! homage %e paid to  

g5ius4  ,at fir/ x _h seem$ unc]ta9 h[  
long ,g5]al & ,madame ,swet*9e might    
rema9 abs5t f ,russia2 b aft] ! lapse ( 
a few ye>s !y took up _! def9ite        
resid5ce 9 ,p>is4 ,_! hotel1 ,rue ,/4   
,dom9ique1 0 hir$ on a long lease1 &    
fitt$ up z a p]man5t abode4 ,!y s5t = _!
 pictures & o!r articles f ,/4          
,pet]sburg4 ,! g5]al occupi$ !          
gr\nd-floor2 ,madame ,swet*9e took !    
rooms above4 ,h] ap>tm5ts consi/$ ( a   
salon & a libr>y comm&+ an ext5sive view
 ( g>d5s4 ,"h x 0 t h] fri5ds us$ to    
assemble2 n _m at a "t1 b successively4 
,%e nev] gave soirees1 & h] d9n]-p>ties 
consi/$ ( a few intimates r\nd a small  
table4 ,h] h\rs = #deh reception 7 e day
 f ?ree till six1 & !n f n9e till       
midnight4 ,deb>r$ by h] heal? f pay+    
visits1 %e cont5t$ h]self ) receiv+ 9   
?is mann]2 & = ?irty ye>s a cont9u\s    
/ream ( p]sons 0 = ev] pass+ on ?r\gh h]
 rooms4 ,%e _h n s\ght to =m x2 b !re 0 
h] salon1 & "o ( a peculi> "*4  ,two    
features di/+ui%$ x3 ! religi\s tone t  

prevail$1 & ! abs5ce ( p>ty _s4 ,madame 
,swet*9e h]self 0 em95tly religi\s1 & %e
 _h a l>ge way ( view+ all ?+s4 ,h]     
influ5ce1 ?\gh p>tly moral &            
intellectual1 0 ev] *iefly religi\s2 &  
%e gave t presid+ *>act]i/ic to !       
atmosph]e ar\nd4 ,s long z fai? &       
morality 7 n attack$1 all o!r po9ts %e  
consid]$ second>y1 & admitt$ ! wide/    
div]sity ( op9ion on !m4 ,h] own views  
on all subjects 7 firmly held1 & %e     
express$ !m ) fre$om4 ,!re c\ld be no   
mi/ake ab\t x4 ,9 religion %e 0 a /rict 
,ca?olic1 & 9 philosophy ,*ri/ian2 9    
politics %e pref]r$ a lib]al mon>*y2 b  
f> f seek+ to give t color to h] salon1 
%e w\ld n all[ any fri5d hold+ ! same   
views to try to impose !m on o!rs4 ,?is 
0 equally ! case 9 matt]s ( art & ta/e2 
%e tol]at$ no?+ exclusive2 b ! pr9ciple 
is mu* m difficult to be foll[$ out :5  
appli$ to politics1 :i* involve int]e/s 
( su* magnitude1 appeal+ to all !       
passions1 & especially 9 su* an         
excitable atmosph]e z t ( ,p>is4 ,no?+  

bett] %[s ,madame ,swet*9e's tact &     
g5tl5ess ( temp] ?an h] intimacies ) m5 
( su* diff]5t /amps1 & ! way 9 :i* %e   
made !m to a c]ta9 ext5t amalgamate4 ,b 
! above qualities w\ld h fail$ to d x1  
_h _! spr+ be5 a worldly "o2 h]s fl[$   
truly f ! ,*ri/ian *>ity ) :i* h] :ole  
s\l 0 full4 ,9 ?is %e & h] salon 7      
unique4  ,%e liv$ to see two great      
revolutions 9 ,france3 ! "o ( #ahcj1 & t
 :i* sub/itut$ ! republic = ,l\is       
,philippe1 end+ ) ! empire4 ,memb]s (   
all ^! regimes 7 among h] visitors4     
,m9i/]s ( /ate "u ! ,re/oration1 ^? :o  
embrac$ ! ,orleans cause1 m5 belong+ to 
! republican gov]nm5t1 ambassadors f mo/
 ( ! =eign c\rts 9 ,europe2 all ^! 9    
turn enjoy$ h] conv]sation1 "s h] e/eem 
or affection1 accord+ to ! degrees (    
intimacy & sympa?y4 ,h] own feel+s1 z   
well z convictions1 lay ) legitimi/s2 b 
o!rs 7 no less welcom$1 & "s ( v>i\s    
p>ties 7 highly valu$4 ,true1 h[ev]1 to 
religion1 %e nev] gave h] fri5d%ip to m5
 n devot$ to ! int]e/s ( ! ,*ur*4 ,h]   

great object 0 to d good to s\ls1 b 9 a 
quiet1 uno/5tati\s1 womanly way2 g5tly  
lead+ to virtue1 nev] inculcat+ x4 ,?is 
( c\rse became m exclusively h] prov9ce 
z %e grew old]4  ,%e 0 truly lib]al 9   
all h] s5tim5ts2 n assur$ly f           
indiff]5ce1 b ?r\gh a l>ge philosophy ( 
_s t all[$ = div]sities ( op9ion 9 all  
?+s n ess5tial4 ,at ! same "t h] own    
convictions 7 unfl9*+ly av[$1 z well z  
h] ideas & ta/es 9 small] matt]s4  ,! m5
 ) :om %e 0 mo/ intimate h all m or less
 be5 kn[n to fame1 & are em95t also = _!
 religi\s _s4 ,we might beg9 a li/ )    
,monsieur de ,mai/re at ,/4 ,pet]sburg1 
:5 %e 0 b tw5ty-five2 !n foll[+ h] to   
,p>is1 see h] make acqua9tance ) 8 fri5d
 ,monsieur de ,bonald2 ex]cise mat]nal  
influ5ce ov] ,,mm4 de ,fall\x1 de       
,montalemb]t1 & ,lacordaire2 & f9ally   
w9d up ) ,donoso ,cortes1 ! ,m>quis de  
,valdegamas1 ,pr9ce ,alb]t de ,broglie1 
& ,alexis de ,tocqueville4  ,ea* "o ( ! 
di/+ui%$ p]sonages above has figur$     
prom95tly on ! great /age1 m or less    

r5[n$ 9 politics & lett]s1 & #dei always
 hold+ a high moral "*4 ,x may seem     
fa/idi\s to recall _! titles to fame4 ,9
 our day1 :5 all are acqua9t$ )         
cont95tal lit]ature1 :o is n famili> ) !
 witty au?or ( ! ,soirees de ,/4        
,pet]sb\rg1 al?\gh x be p]mitt$ some:at 
to ignore ! r dry philosophical works ( 
8 fri5d de ,bonald8 ,monsieur de        
,fall\x1 ) filial love1 has rais$ a     
monum5t to ,madame ,swet*9e t w endure  
beside 8 life ( ,pope ,pius ,v41 &      
jo9tly ) ! remembrance ( 8 political    
integrity4 ,:o t has foll[$ ! late      
hi/ory ( ,europe does n "k ,donoso      
,cortes1 ! great orator1 ^: fam\s ?ree  
disc\rses 9 ! ,spani% *amb]s            
in/antane\sly rea*$ s f> & wide1 ^:     
writt5 /yle is ! v music ( t ri*        
,ca/ilian idiom1 & ^: lib]al political  
views kept pace ) 8 l>ge ,ca?olic he>t8 
,soeur ,rosalie & ,madame ,swet*9e      
toge!r soo!d 8 dy+ h\rs4 ,! au?or ( ,la 
,democratic en ,am]ique has be5         
indiscreetly prais$1 b none c d5y 8     

ability1 ,pr9ce ,alb]t de ,broglie1     
doctr9aire 9 8 views1 /ill advocates )  
tal5t ! cause ( religion & (            
con/itutional mon>*y4 ,^! two latt] 7   
among ! late/ acquisitions to ,madame   
,swet*9e's salon4  ,,mm4 de ,montalemb]t
 & de ,fall\x 7 l h] sons2 %e knew !m f 
_! e>ly manhood1 call$ !m by _! ,*ri/ian
 names1 lov$ & c\nsell$ !m z any "m     
might4 ,b if h] influ5ce ov] !m 0 s     
salut>y1 we _c help admir+ mo/ ! unsw]v+
 atta*m5t ( ^! "y m5 to h]2 ,madame     
,swet*9e's lett]s %[ h] expo/ulat+ )    
,comte de ,montalemb]t1 !n little pa/   
tw5ty1 & endeavor+ to conv9ce him he is 
wrong4 ,he w n yield2 b ackn[l$ges      
aft]w>d ! ju/ness ( h] views1 & all[s n[
 ^! lett]s to be publi%$4 ,alfr$ de     
,fall\x is ! son s5t = :5 dang] seems   
imp5d+2 he t5ds h] dy+ c\* 9 t same     
salon :]e he _h s (t5 & = s _m ye>s     
walk$ ) h] conv]s+2 to him %e confides  
h] pap]s & la/ wi%es4  ,! celebrat$ ,p]e
 ,lacordaire 0 v de> to h]2 & %e c]ta9ly
 act$ ! "p ( a "m t[>d him4 ,monsieur de

 ,montalemb]t pres5t$ him to h] :5 ,abbe
 ,lacordaire 0 b tw5ty-eight1 & q       
unkn[n4 ,8 g5ius--:i* %e imm$iately     
disc]n$--& 8 ard5t s\l int]e/$ h]       
wond]fully4 ,soon aft] he became        
connect$1 ?r\gh ,abbe de ,lam5nais1 ) ! 
j\rnal ,l',av5ir2 by 8 own g5]\s &      
(t-repeat$ av[al %e kept him f any      
deviation at ?is try+ mom5t4 ,y appe>$  
to me z ! angel ( ! ,"l1 writes he1 to a
 s\l float+ betwe5 life & dea?1 betwe5  
e>? & heav54  ,nor 0 ?is ! only "t4 ,h] 
lett]s %[ h] foll[+ him ) brea?less     
int]e/ ?r\gh 8 *equ]$ c>e]1 & assur+ him
 ( h] w>m undy+ fri5d%ip1 s long z he   
rema9s fai?ful to ,god & 8 ,*ur*4  ,&   
?is 0 a beautiful affection1 :i*ev] side
 we view x4 ,= m ?an tw5ty ye>s x la/$2 
t is1 = ! re/ ( h] life4 ,! ard5t "y man
 is se5 ) ! erratic impulses ( 8 gl[+   
intellect1 yet docile to ! mo!rly       
admonitions ( 8 old fri5d2 & by degrees1
 z "t mell[s him some:at--?\gh x nev]   
c\ld subdue nature altoge!r--he s9ks    
into a calm] /ra91 /ill ask+ advice1 &  

tak+ x1 ) language m respectful1 ?\gh n 
a :it less t5d]4 ,madame ,swet*9e br\ght
 to be> on him a species ( idolatry2 %e 
admir$ 8 g5ius to excess1 & lov$ 8 f9e  
nature z any dot+ p>5t might2 b ^!      
s5tim5ts nev] r5d]$ h] bl9d to 8 faults2
 & %e con/antly bl5d$ repro( )          
admiration1 :ile /r5u\sly endeavor+ to  
keep him ev] 9 ! mo/ p]fect pa?4 ,%e _h 
! satisfaction ( see+ him1 ere %e dep>t$
 ?is life1 safely an*or$ 9 a religi\s   
ord]1 & ! ,dom9icans fairly re-e/abli%$ 
9 ,france2 "o ( h] pre-occupations on h]
 dea?-b$1 aft] bidd+ him adieu1 0 to    
secure #dfj t 8 lett]s %\ld be "o day   
giv5 to ! public4 ,= ?us %e knew he w\ld
 be bett] appreciat$4  ,o!r names ( m5  
well-kn[n 9 ! ,p>isian _w ( lett]s1 or =
 _! de$s ( *>ity1 might "h be add$ z    
hav+ adorn$ h] salon4 ,!re 0 ! ,vicomte 
de ,melun1 connect$ ) e good "w 7lit]>y 
or o!r7 9 ! ,fr5* capital2 & h] two     
relatives1 ,pr9ce ,augu/9 ,galitz9 &    
,pr9ce 7aft]w>d ,p]e7 ,gag>94 ,! =m]    
/ill writes2 ! latt]1 er/ a gay man (   

fa%ion & !n metamorphos$ into a zeal\s  
,jesuit1 is n[ devot+ 8 mission>y labors
 to ,syria4  ,& la/ly may be nam$ "o :o1
 ?\gh he nev] m+l$ 9 ! _w ( h] salon1   
yet visit$ ,madame ,swet*9e & e/eem$ h] 
greatly4 ,p]e de ,ravignan presid$ at "o
 "t 9 h] h\se ov] meet+s ( *>itable     
ladies1 :o 7 aft]w>d unit$ ) ! ,enfants 
de ,m>ie at ! conv5t ( ! ,sacre ,coeur4 
,nor 7 h] fri5d%ips exclusively conf9$  
to m54 ,madame ,swet*9e _h n t foible   
into :i* _m sup]ior wom5 fall ( affect+ 
to despise _! own sex2 & :i* always %[s 
t !y innately1 unconsci\sly (t51 sep>ate
 _! individual selves f all ! re/ (     
womank9d z alone sup]ior to x4 ,h]s 0 a 
l>g] view3 %e lov$ s\ls2 & s\ls1 says "o
 ( h] aphorisms1 h nei!r age nor sex4   
,:5 %all we 9 g5]al beg9 to live "h z we
 are to d = ev] h]eaft]8  ,%e _h _h h]  
e>ly fri5d%ips 9 ,russia1 & mo/         
passionate !y 72 too girli% 9 _!        
romantic en?usiasm1 too wordily t5d] 9  
expression2 b "t mell[$ ^! affections1  
)\t we>+ !m out4 ,! two pr9cipal        

wom5-fri5ds ( h] y\? 9 ,russia1 aft] h] 
si/]1 7 ,rox&re ,/\rdja1 a ,greek by    
bir?1 aft]w>d ,comtesse ,edl9z1 & !     
,comtesse de ,nesselrode4 ,bo? ( ^! 9   
lat] ye>s visit$ h] ,p>is salon4 ,b %e  
also =m$ sev]al new ,fr5* intimacies4   
,h] grief = ! loss ( ,madame de ,duras1 
:5 dea? depriv$ h] ( t fri5d1 0 a little
 s(t5$ by h] w>m sympa?y = ! two        
daught]s left1 ,mesdames de ,rauzan & de
 la ,ro*ejacquela94 ,if %e saw mo/ ( !  
=m]1 ! latt] _h = ,madame ,swet*9e a    
second tie ?r\gh h] e>ly m>riage ) a    
gr&son ( ! ,pr9cesse de ,t>5te1 :om     
,madame ,swet*9e _h s rev]$ 9 h] girli% 
days at ,/4 ,pet]sburg4 ,bo? ! ,du*esse 
de ,rauzan & ,comtesse de la            
,ro*ejacquela9 7 v beautiful2 & ,madame 
,swet*9e de>ly lov$ beauty1 especially  
:5 comb9$1 z 9 !m1 ) grace & elegance1  
clev]ness & piety4 ,= bo? ! si/]s 7     
rem>kable3 "o _h m fasc9at+ s(tness     
unit$ ) good s5se2 ! o!r 0 m witty &    
brilliant4 ,! la/ c\ntry-h\se visit$ by 
,madame ,swet*9e %ortly be=e h] dea? 0 !

 *ateau de ,fleury1 belong+ to ,madame  
de la ,ro*ejacquela91 :]e we read t %e  
lov$ to f9d /ill mem5tos ( ! ,pr9cesse  
de ,t>5te4  ,madame ,swet*9e 0 v        
intimate ) ,madame ,recami]1 h] fell[-/>
 z lead] ( a contempor>y salon4 ,%e     
greatly priz$ h] wor?4 ,ano!r fri5d mu* 
lov$ 0 ! ,comtesse de ,gontant ,biron1 9
 y\? em95t = h] beauty1 & always = h] _m
 virtues4 ,among y\ng] wom5 di/+ui%$ by 
,madame ,swet*9e 7 ,mrs4 ,crav51 nee la 
,f]ronaye2 ! ,pr9cess ,wittg5/e91 lovely
 z clev]1 a ,russian by bir?1 & a conv]t
 to ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*2 & q at ! la/      
p]iod1 ! ,du*ess ( ,hamilton4  ,%e 0    
always p>tial to y\?1 tak+ a w>m int]e/ 
9 any?+ t might m9i/] to ! welf>e or    
pleasures ( t age4 ,?us %e lik$ ! "y    
wom5 ( h] acqua9tance to be well dress$1
 & w\ld admire _! ta/e or try to improve
 x1 ev5 9 t respect1 ) p]fectly mo!rly  
solicitude4 ,^? go+ to balls frequ5tly  
/opp$ on _! way to %[ _! toilettes to   
,madame ,swet*9e2 & n seldom1 too1 !y   
w\ld #dfa return 9 ! morn+ to ask advice

 on grav] matt]s1 or to display !       
progress ( _! *ildr54 ,! good ,madame   
,swet*9e did to p]sons ( ! _w by quiet  
fri5dly c\nsel is incalculable2 %e nev] 
sp>$ ! tru? :5 %e ?\ght x c\ld be ( use1
 & z %e _h great p]spicacity1 %e 0 n (t5
 deceiv$4 ,beside1 h] natural p5etration
 became yet ke5]1 n only by long        
exp]i5ce1 b also by ! num]\s confid5ces 
%e receiv$ f ! _m s\ls 9 a measure laid 
b>e be=e h]4 ,m4 de ,fall\x has well    
said t %e possess$ ! sci5ce ( s\ls1 z   
savants d t ( bodies4 ,h[ev] "o might be
 pa9$ at :at %e said1 x 0 impossible to 
feel w\nd$2 h] mann] 0 s k9d1 & h]      
rectitude ( int5tion s evid5t4 ,& ?us   
did %e r5d] h] salon useful3 liv+ 9     
public1 z x might appe>1 surr\nd$ *iefly
 by ! great ones ( e>?1 h] ?\ght 0 yet  
ev] ) ,god1 & %e positively work$ = him 
day by day )\t ev5 quitt+ ^? few rooms4 
,nay1 s completely is ,madame ,swet*9e  
id5tifi$ ) h] salon = ^? :o knew h]     
?r\gh any "p ( ! ?irty ye>s sp5t 9      
,p>is1 t x is difficult = our idea to   

sep>ate h] f x4  ,ev5 mat]ially speak+  
%e seldom left x4 ,) a simplicity t     
seems /range inde$ to our ,engli%       
notions1 %e caus$ h] little iron b$/ead 
to be set up e night 9 "o ( h]          
reception-rooms2 ea* morn+ x 0 d\bl$ up 
aga9 & consign$ to a closet4 ,dur+ h]   
la/ illness x 0 j ! same2 %e lay 9 h]   
salon1 ! only diff]5ce be+ t !n ! b$    
rema9$ p]man5tly4 ,n an iota else 0     
*ang$ 9 ! aspect ( h] ap>tm5t2 no table 
0 ne> ! sick-c\* ) glass or cup ready to
 h&2 :at %e want$ 9 ?is way %e sign$ =  
to a deaf-&-dumb att5dant1 ,p>isse1 ^:  
grateful eyes 7 ev] fix$ ^u h]          
b5efactress1 to div9e or anticipate :at 
might be wi%$4 ,& !re1 too1 %e di$4  ,to
 u ) our exclusive family feel+s1 or    
inde$ to ! g5]al human s5tim5t t c\rts !
 utmo/ privacy = t solemn clos+ sc5e1   
!re is some?+ :i* j>s 9 ! acc\nt (      
,madame ,swet*9e's la/ days on e>?4     
,d\btless all ! consolations ( religion 
7 !re to hall[ h] dy+ mom5ts2 %e cont9u$
 to ! la/ to devote long h\rs to pray]2 

& by an enviable privilege %e possess$ a
 dome/ic *apel bless$ ) ! p]petual      
pres5ce ( ! ,bless$ ,sacram5t2 b :at    
/rikes u /rangely is1 t h] salon _h     
*anc$ to rema9 op5 :ile extreme unction 
0 be+ adm9i/]$2 & s1 z x 0 h] usual     
reception h\r1 ! few fri5ds 9 ,p>is at t
 season 7,septemb]7 cont9u$ to drop 9 "o
 by "o1 & kneel+1 ea* new-com] beh9d !  
o!r1 pray$ ) & = h]4 ,^? la/ visitors 7 
,p]e ,*oc>n1 prior ( ! ,dom9icans2 ,p]e 
,gag>92 ,mesdames ,fr$ro1 de ,mey5dorf1 
& ,crav52 ,messieurs de ,broglie1 de    
,fall\x1 de ,melun1 & ,z]mol(4 ,b !     
/range feel+ we _c help exp]i5c+ mu/ be 
reason$ )4 ,h] salon & h] fri5ds 7 to   
,madame ,swet*9e home & family4  ,& n[ x
 might seem t no?+ m c\ld be said ( h]2 
b1 9 tru?1 a v small portion has yet be5
 express$4 ,beside ! six h\rs devot$ to 
reception1 ! day c\nt$ eighte5 m4 ,!re 7
 religi\s duties to be p]=m$1 & home    
duties no less imp]ative2 !re 7 ! poor  
to be visit$1 & !re 7 ! claims ( /udy1  
:i* ,madame ,swet*9e nev] neglect$ up to

 ! late/ p]iod ( exi/5ce4 ,all ^! calls 
^u h] "t 7 recogniz$ by consci5ce1 &    
!re=e duly respond$ to4 ,madame ,swet*9e
 01 ( c\rse1 an e>ly ris]2 by eight or  
n9e o'clock %e _h he>d mass1 visit$ h]  
poor1 & 0 ready to comm5ce ! bus9ess ( !
 day4  ,aft] breakfa/1 an h\r or two 7  
devot$ to ,g5]al ,swet*9e1 :o lik$ h] to
 read to him4 ,dur+ ! #dfb la/ fifte5   
ye>s ( 8 life1 & 8 dea? only prec$$ h]s 
sev5 ye>s1 he _h become s deaf z to     
enjoy g5]al society b little2 b he w\ld 
n all[ h] to give up h] receptions on t 
acc\nt1 z %e wi%$ to d4 ,! re/ ( ! morn+
 0 employ$ 9 /udy ) /rictly clos$ doors1
 only op5$ to cases ( mis=tune1 & ^!    
,madame ,swet*9e nev] consid]$ z        
intrusions4 ,h] confid5tial s]vant knew 
x well1 & did n scruple to di/urb h] :5 
real want or sorr[ begg$ = admittance4  
,h] p]sev]+ love ( /udy is well         
illu/rat$ by h] own assurance1 b a few  
mon?s be=e h] dea?1 t ev5 !n %e nev] sat
 d[n to h] writ+-table )\t feel+ h] he>t
 beat ) joy4 ,%e advis$ ,mrs4 ,crav5    

always to res]ve a few morn+ h\rs =     
/udy1 say+ ! quality ( "t 0 diff]5t at t
 p]iod ( day4  ,sev]al h\rs 9 ! ev5+ 7  
aga9 sp5t ) ! g5]al4 ,at midnight1 :5   
all visitors dep>t$1 ,madame ,swet*9e   
retir$ to re/2 b h] repose nev] la/$ mu*
 beyond two 9 ! morn+4 ,pa9ful          
infirmities made h] suff] all day long1 
& at night deb>r$ h] f sleep4 ,motion   
alone br\ght comp>ative ease1 & !re=e x 
0 t1 ) intimate fri5ds1 %e c>ri$ on     
conv]sation walk+ up & d[n h] rooms4 ,at
 night1 suffocation increas$1 z also a  
n]v\s k9d ( excitem5t4 ,x 0 at ^! h\rs1 
dur+ ! int]vals snat*$ f pa91 t %e mo/ly
 compos$ ! writ+s :i* ,m4 de ,fall\x has
 giv5 to ! _w4 ,no wond] t !y be> !     
impress ( ! cross2 nor c we m>vel t %e  
speaks feel+ly & sci5tifically (        
resignation1 = good ne$ _h %e to        
practise t4 ,su* 7 usually h] tw5ty-f\r 
h\rs 9 ,p>is4  ,if we look back to !    
pa/1 religion _h n always be5 ! guid+   
pr9ciple ) ,madame ,swet*9e4 ,h] fa!r1  
,m4 ,soymon(1 0 a disciple ( ,voltaire1 

& he br\ght h] up )\t any pi\s tra9+4   
,%e nev] ev5 repeat$ morn+ or ev5+      
pray]s2 simply att5d$ ! imp]ial *apel z 
a matt] ( c\rse4 ,b ,voltaire did n     
excite h] admiration2 8 infidelity 0 too
 cold1 8 immorality too co>se2 x 0      
,r\sseau :o *>m$ h]4 ,8 passionate      
language pleas$ h] imag9ation1 & ! pages
 ( ,la ,n\velle ,heloise 7 almo/        
entirely transcrib$1 to be aga9 & aga9  
dwelt on4 ,%e c\ld n detect ! sophi/ry  
b5ea?4 ,b ! fir/ deep sorr[ ( h] y\?    
taught h] pray]1 & br\ght h] to ! feet (
 ,god1 nev] to ab&on him4 ,m4 ,soymon( 0
 sudd5ly snat*$ f 8 *ildr5 by dea?1 &   
,madame ,swet*9e1 ! angui% ( ?is        
b]eavem5t1 turn$ to heav5 = help &      
consolation4 ,ano!r sorr[1 ! nature (   
:i* we ignore1 ov]took h] at ?is p]iod2 
&1 to use h] own expression1 %e ?rew    
h]self !n into ! arms ( ,god ) su*      
en?usiasm z naught else ev] awak5$4  ,! 
fir/ effect 0 to r5d] h] a f]v5t adh]5t 
( ,russian or?odoxy2 b h] m9d 0 too     
philosophic to re/ long satisfi$ ) half 

conclusions4 ,%e 0 /ruck ) ! piety (    
,fr5* ,ca?olics at ,/4 ,pet]sburg2      
especially ! mode/ m]it ( ! ,*evali]    
d',aug>d won h] highe/ e/eem4 ,f9ally1  
aft] mu* volum9\s /udy1 & despite !     
resi/ance h] rebelli\s _s lov$ to oppose
 to :at %e at fir/ call$ ,m4 de         
,mai/re's dogmatic absolutism1 %e ent]$ 
! ,ca?olic ,*ur*4  ,! absurd idea t     
religion r5d]s ! he>t cold has be5 too  
(t5 refut$ to ne$ any comm5t "h4 ,b x   
may be said t ,madame ,swet*9e af=ds    
ano!r example ( h[ mu* devotion1 by     
purify+ human feel+1 int5sifies x also4 
,god _h giv5 h] a lov+ nature2 & z h]   
piety deep5s ) ye>s1 s does h] t5d]     
affection = family ties1 = fri5ds1      
c\ntry1 & f9ally = all ! poor1 suff]+1  
helpless ones ( e>?4 ,h] fir/ great     
atta*m5t 0 = h] fa!r1 & s h] fir/ great 
sorr[ 0 at 8 loss2 = ?us intimately #dfc
 are love & pa9 ev] conjo9$ 9 ?is _w4   
,ano!r deep affection ( *ildhood & e>ly 
y\?1 ext5d+ ?r\gh life1 0 = h] si/]4    
,madame ,swet*9e 0 q a "m to ?is *ild1  

t5 ye>s h] junior4 ,:5 %e m>ri$1 %e /ill
 kept h] ) h]2 & :5 ! "y si/] also      
m>ri$1 becom+ ! wife ( ,pr9ce ,gag>91   
,madame ,swet*9e became a "m also to !  
five boys :o 7 successively br\ght into 
! _w4 ,!y are all my nephews1 w\ld %e   
say2 b ! two elde/ are especially my    
*ildr54 ,& well did !y respond to !     
feel+s ( _! aunt1 sc>cely sep>at+ h] f  
_! own p>5t4 ,:5 %e %ut h]self up =     
/udy1 x 0 _! amusem5t to try & get h]   
out to play ) !m2 if %e rema9$ deaf to  
entreaties1 ! little boys w\ld besiege  
h] door1 mak+ deaf5+ noises ) _!        
play?+s1 until %e mo/ly yield$ & let !m 
94 ,a v %ort "t be=e h] dea?1 :5 ,madame
 ,swet*9e c\ld h>dly sit or speak1 %e   
assembl$ a l>ge family p>ty ( "y nephews
 & nieces1 ) _! preceptors & gov]nesses1
 to d9e at h] h\se1 & 0 greatly div]t$ )
 _! innoc5t mir?4  ,!re is some?+       
disappo9t+ 9 ,madame ,swet*9e's m>riage4
 ,! favor enjoy$ by ,monsieur ,soymon(  
at c\rt1 h] own position z maid-(-honor 
to ! ,empress ,m>ie1 h] bir?1 =tune1    

extreme y\?1 & _m individual            
qualifications1 all alike r5d]$ h] a    
fitt+ mat* = any man 9 ! empire4 ,%e    
c]ta9ly c\ld h *os54 ,sev]al ask$ h] h&4
 ,among/ !m 0 ,c\nt ,/rogon(1 "y1 ri*1  
noble1 & tal5t$4 ,b ,monsieur ,soymon(  
pref]r$ 8 own fri5d ,g5]al ,swet*9e2 &  
,sophie1 we are told1 accept$ )         
affectionate def]5ce h] fa!r's *oice4 ,!
 g5]al 0 tw5ty-five ye>s h] s5ior1 &    
?\gh a f9e milit>y-look+ man1 ) noble   
soldi]-l feel+s1 scrupul\sly honorable1 
& ) mu* to w9 e/eem1 yet he does n appe>
 ! sort ( p]son suit$ to h] ard5t       
en?usia/ic temp]am5t4 ,he possess$      
qualities fitt$ to comm& ! respect ( a  
"y wife2 b n exactly ^? t w9 h] to      
admiration & love4 ,:]ev] honor 0 n     
conc]n$1 he laps$ into 8 natural apa?y3 
nei!r intellect nor imag9ation 7 by any 
means on a p> ) h]s4 ,& ! girl ( sev5te5
 :o prematurely l9k$ h] fate ) 8 0 full 
( romance3 nurtur$ z %e _h be5 by a fond
 ill-judg+ fa!r1 ) ,r\sseau to guide h] 
op5+ ?\ght1 h] e>ly dreams probably _h  

f$ on "s *ivalr\s ,/4 ,preux ) :om to   
c\rse ! /ream ( life4 ,p]haps %e 0      
dream+ ( w$d+ "s /]n milit>y            
p]sonification ( ! same4 ,:at an awak5+ 
!re mu/ h be56 ,0 ?is ! second deep     
sorr[ t cl\d$ h] n9ete5? summ]8 ,0 !re a
 /ruggle !n8 ,!n did %e fl+ h]self into 
! arms ( ,god victori\s4  ,!re is no    
clue to trace aught ( ?is save t :i*    
guides to ! usual w9d+s ( ! human he>t4 
,madame ,swet*9e 0 f> too nice 9 h] s5se
 ( duty1 & f> too delicate 9 feel+1 to  
all[ any su* admissions to escape4  ,!  
devotion ( a life-"t 0 giv5 unres]v$ly  
to ,g5]al ,swet*9e4 ,%e nev] knew !     
happ9ess ( becom+ a "m1 ! tie t w\ld (  
all o!rs h be5 de>e/ to h] he>t4 ,b !   
g5]al _h be/[$ pat]nal affection on a "y
 girl call$ ,nad9e ,/ael9e1 & ,madame   
,swet*9e also g5]\sly insi/$ on adopt+  
h]4 ,nad9e1 welcom$ to _! ro(1 0 treat$ 
by ,madame ,swet*9e l h] own *ild4  ,h] 
att5tions to ! g5]al cont9u$ unremitt+4 
,:5 he quitt$ ,russia1 %e accompani$ him
 to ,p>is2 :5 he 0 summon$ to return1   

?\gh condemn$ to bani%m5t f ,/4         
,pet]sburg & ,mosc[1 %e pr(it$ by !     
respite ga9$ to g alone 9 h] old age &  
infirmity to plead 8 cause h]self ) !   
emp]or4 ,nor did %e compla9 ( ! illness 
9 ,russia t foll[$ su* fatigue1 = #dfd  
h] suit 0 grant$4 ,/ill less did %e     
regret ! yet m s]i\s malady t ov]took h]
 on return+ to ,p>is ) ! glad tid+s t   
br\ght su* relief to 8 decl9+ ye>s4 ,he 
liv$ to ! age ( n9ety-two1 & h] grief at
 8 loss 0 int5se4 ,!n inde$ x 0 ! long  
companion ( a life-"t t 0 tak5 f h]2 &  
we all "k ! t5d] atta*m5t t /r5g!ns )   
ye>s betwe5 two p]sons :o pass !m       
toge!r1 & mutually e/eem ea* o!r4  ,!   
g5]al1 on 8 "p1 always %[$ ,madame      
,swet*9e affection t _h gradually become
 mix$ up ) a species ( v5]ation4 ,?\gh  
he nev] ?w>t$ h] religi\s views1 he did 
n himself embrace !m2 he lik$ to see h] 
,ca?olic fri5ds1 ev5 prie/s1 &          
especially ,p]e de ,ravignan2 b rema9$  
satisfi$ ) ! ,greek ,*ur*4 ,beside h]   
duties z a wife1 we h se5 ,madame       

,swet*9e embrace ^? ( a "m t[>d "y      
,nad9e4 ,%e nev] slack5$ 9 !m until     
,nad9e by h] m>riage ceas$ to require _!
 ex]cise4 ,!n %e contriv$ to gratify h] 
mat]nal in/9cts by und]tak+ ! *>ge (    
,hel5e de ,nesselrode1 ! daught] ( h]   
fri5d1 j ag$ f\rte51 & ^: heal? dem&$ a 
w>m] climate ?an t ( ,russia4 ,nor did  
%e give h] up till ,hel5e m>ri$4        
,fai?ful to all ! s5tim5ts %e exp]i5c$1 
& w>m 9 h] fri5d%ips1 ,madame ,swet*9e's
 mo/ en?usia/ic atta*m5t appe>s to h be5
 = ,mademoiselle ,/\rdja4 ,x dat$ f h]  
e>ly m>ri$ life1 & cont9u$ ?r\gh ! :ole 
( exi/5ce4 ,at fir/ x well-nigh provokes
 a smile to see h[1 sc>cely p>t$ = a few
 h\rs f h] fri5d1 %e ru%es to h] p51 t x
 may express ! pangs ( sep>ation4 ,b    
girlhood has n pass$ ov]1 ere ?\ght1    
reason1 duty1 figure l>gely 9 ! lett]s (
 ,madame ,swet*9e4 ,h] correspond5ce 0  
ext5sive1 & portrays h]self j z %e      
appe>$ 9 daily life--a wise1 g5tle1 &   
affectionate fri5d or c\nsellor1 z      
circum/ances might dictate4 ,n[h]e does 

?is %[ h] to great] advantage ?an 9 !   
lett]s--too few1 un=tunately--t we      
possess f ,madame ,swet*9e to ,p]e      
,lacordaire4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 ! two   
m9ds is /rik+4 ,h] good s5se & exquisite
 judgm5t contra/ ) 8 fi]y impetuosity ( 
?\ght & feel+2 x is evid5t t h] s\l     
moves 9 ! s]5e atmosph]e ( ne> union )  
,god2 :ile he1 ! religi\s ( already "s  
ye>s' /&+1 is yet battl+ ) /rong human  
torr5ts4 ,h[ g5tly %e calls him up a    
high] pa?1 nev] =gett+ h] womanhood nor 
8 prie/ly "*4 ,8 tone becomes mu* m     
religi\s2 ) r>e c&or & simplicity he    
sees & owns pa/ imp]fections4           
,patriotism 0 "o ( h] ard5t s5tim5ts1 & 
%e consid]$ ! feel+ z a duty incumb5t on
 wom5 no less ?an m53 ( c\rse1 conduct 0
 to be 9 accordance4 ,l _m ,russians1   
love ( c\ntry c5tr$ = h] 9 devotion to !
 sov]eign2 & ( ?is h] lett]s af=d curi\s
 exemplification4 ,%e calls ,alex&] !   
h]o ( humanity1 &1 aft] enum]at+ 8 _m   
p]fections1 rejoices t ?is "y sage is   
our emp]or6 ,:5 h] husb& 0 h>%ly summon$

 back to ,russia1 t ! disgrace ( exile f
 c\rt might be inflict$1 %e exclaims3   
,god kn[s t ,i h nev] utt]$ a ^w (      
compla9t aga9/ my sov]eigns1 nor s mu* z
 blam$ !m 9 he>t6 ,/range loyalty ?is to
 our mod]n we/]n notions6  ,h] t5d]     
*>ity t[>d ! poor began to %[ itself at 
an e>ly age4 ,at tw5ty-five 9 ,/4       
,pet]sburg %e 0 already ! s\l ( all good
 works !re3 nor did %e cont5t h]self )  
m]ely giv+ alms1 nor ev5 ) seek+ to     
promote moral improvem5t2 h] +5i\s      
k9dness display$ itself also 9 endeav\r+
 to procure pleasure or innoc5t         
amusem5ts4 ,%e took fl[]s to ^? %e      
visit$1 or tri$ to adorn _! rooms )     
pictures4 ,! #dfe fri5dless deaf-&-dumb 
girl :om %e _h adopt$ became h] con/ant 
att5dant2 & ,madame ,swet*9e bore ) h]  
viol5ce ( temp] until ! defect 0 p>tly  
ov]come4  ,%e und]took ! *>ge ( a poor  
boy at ,vi*y1 because 8 _m maladies & _!
 repulsive nature r5d]$ him an object   
almo/ ( disgu/4 ,ea* summ] t %e return$ 
!re1 he 0 among ! fir/ to greet h]1 sure

 ( ! k9de/ welcome4 ,= ye>s all 8 wants 
7 suppli$ at h] exp5se2 & :5 he di$1 %e 
said he _h n[ become h] b5efactor4  ,to 
"k ,madame ,swet*9e ?or\ghly1 h] writ+s 
mu/ be read4 ,!y 7 nev] meant =         
publication1 b are ei!r self-commun+s1  
or ?\ghts p\r$ out be=e ,god4 ,"s ( h]  
aphorisms are t\*+ly delicate 9 s5tim5t4
  ,lov+ he>ts are l paup]s2 !y live on  
:at is giv5 !m4  ,our alms =m our sole  
ri*es1 & :at we )hold con/itutes our    
real pov]ty4  ,h] pray]s & m$itations   
may be us$ ) advantage = spiritual      
read+4 ,h] unf9i%$ treatise on ,old ,age
 is v beautiful2 b m exquisite /ill is t
 m complete "o on ,resignation4 ,any    
passage *os5 at r&om w\ld %[ elevat$    
?\ght4  ,! fir/ degree ( submission     
produces respectful acquiesc5ce to      
,god's w2 !n ?is s5tim5t becomes        
trans=m$ into a pi\s & s9c]e acceptation
 full ( confid5ce2 until confid5ce      
itself gradually acquires a filial "*4  
,fai?1 %e says1 makes resignation       
reasonable1 & hope r5d]s x easy4  ,!    

love ( ,god draws u away f our long love
 ( self4  ,pati5ce is s ne> to          
resignation1 t x (t5 seems "o & ! same  
?+4  ,%e ackn[l$ges t ! h>de/ trials (  
resignation are f\nd 9 ^? mis=tunes     
irrep>able "h on e>?4 ,su* are dea?1 old
 age1 physical infirmity1 loss ( worldly
 honor1 f9al imp5it5ce4 ,b ! dea? ( ^?  
we love1 %e says1 may be deeply m\rn$ 9 
! mid/ ( resignation2 & our own c]ta9   
dea? af=ds n only a c\nt]balance to su* 
affliction1 b also to ! o!r evils (     
life4 ,old age is a halt betwe5 ! _w    
ov]come1 & et]nity ab\t to beg94        
,physical infirmities make u live 9 !   
atmosph]e ( ! gospel beatitudes2 we are 
!n truly ! poor ones ( ,*ri/1 or r      
pov]ty itself4 ,! _w sometimes =gets1 b 
nev] p>dons2 :at matt]s1 provid$ virtue 
rema9 unsca!d1 or t x be re/or$ ?r\gh   
rep5tance8  ,suff]+ tea*es u h[ to      
suff]2 suff]+ tea*es u h[ to live2      
suff]+ tea*es u h[ to die4  ,& "h we    
take our leave ( ?is rem>kable woman1 :o
 (f]s su* a bright example to our       

g5]ation4  ----  #dff  ,f ,! ,dubl9     
,review4  ,,rec5t ,,iri% ,,poetry4      
,lays ( ! ,we/]n ,gael & o!r ,poems4 ,by
 ,,samuel ,,f]guson4 ,london3 ,bell     
,daldy4 #ahfe4    ,poems4 ,by ,,sp]anza 
7,,lady ,,wilde74 ,dubl93 ,duffy4 #ahfd4
   ,laur5ce ,bloomfield 9 ,irel&4 ,a    
mod]n ,poem4 ,by ,,william ,,all+ham4   
,london3 ,macmillan ,co4 #ahfd4         
,inisfail1 a ,lyrical ,*ronicle (       
,irel&4 ,by ,,aubrey ,,de ,,v]e4 ,dubl93
 ,duffy4 #ahfd4   ,9 ! palmy days ( ,"y 
,irel&1 its writ]s & speak]s 7          
p>ticul>ly prone to ! quotation ( t     
/range say+ ( ,flet*] ( ,salt\n3 ,if a  
man 7 p]mitt$ to make all ! ballads1 he 
ne$ n c>e :o %\ld make ! laws ( a       
c\ntry4 ,x has be5 ! de/9y ( ,"y ,irel& 
to make & to adm9i/] ! laws ( o!r       
c\ntries ?an t = :i* its hot y\? hop$ to
 legislate4 ,b x has c]ta9ly left ,irel&
 a legacy ( excell5t ballads4 ,a glance 
at ! =tunes ( "s ( ! m prom95t memb]s ( 
?is brilliant b ill-fat$ p>ty1 z !y     
pres5t !mselves to view at ?is mom5t1   

sugge/s curi\s contra/s & /range        
reflections4 ,mr4 ,gavan ,duffy1 :o 0   
assur$ly ! s\rce ( its noble/ & wise/   
inspirations1 aft] hav+ )9 t5 ye>s      
occupi$ high (fice 9 ?ree ,victorian    
m9i/ries1 & laid ! impress ( 8 organiz+ 
g5ius deep on ! con/itutional f\ndations
 ( t mo/ ris+ ( ! ,au/ralian /ates1 is  
on 8 way home f ,melb\rne = a brief     
,european vacation4 ,mr4 ,john ,mit*el1 
,footnote #if :o repres5t$ ! m viol5t & 
revolution>y section ( ,"y ,irel&1 01   
be=e ! ,am]ican w> comm5c$1 editor ( !  
,ri*mond ,enquir]1 "o ( ! mo/ extreme   
organs ( secession1 & aft]w>d visit$    
,p>is ) ! hope ( induc+ ! ,emp]or       
,napoleon to invade ,irel&2 b s9ce ! w> 
0 decl>$1 he has resum$ 8 po/ at        
,ri*mond--sometimes writ+ articles t are
 suppos$ m p>ticul>ly to =eca/ ,presid5t
 ,davis's policy2 sometimes s]v+ 9 !    
ranks ( ,g5]al ,lee's army z ! driv] (  
an ambulance wagon4 ,8 elde/ son fir$ ! 
fir/ %ot t /ruck ,=t ,sumt]1 & aft]w>d 0
 himself /ruck at ! he>t 9 its comm& by 

a nor!rn bullet4 ,mit*el's favorite     
lieut5ant1 ,dev9 ,reilly1 on ! o!r h&1  
di$ 9 (fice at ,wa%+ton1 & 8 illness 0  
attribut$ at ! "t to ov]-fatigue 9 "o ( 
! e>lie/ ( ^? great electione]+ conte/s 
9 :i* ! supremacy ( ,mr4 ,l9coln f9ally 
came to be e/abli%$ ov] ,mr4 ,/eph5     
,d\glas1 ! little giant ( ! we/1 & !    
only man1 9 ,mr4 ,reilly's ard5t        
conviction1 :o c\ld h sav$ ! ,am]ican   
,union4 ,mr4 ,d',arcy ,mc,gee1 ^: "*    
bore to t ( ,dev9 ,reilly ab\t ! same   
relation z ,mr4 ,duffy's did to t ( ,mr4
 ,mit*el1 is at pres5t a lead+ memb] ( !
 executive c\ncil ( ,canada1 & 7! ,duke 
( ,newca/le 0 ( op9ion7 ! able/ /atesman
 ( ,briti% ,am]ica2 9 pro( ( :i* x may  
suffice to say1 t ! project ( !         
,canadian conf$]ation 0 9 a great degree
 orig9at$ & elaborat$ by him4 ,! h&some 
"y orator1 ^: fi]y eloqu5ce surpass$ 9  
its influ5ce on an ,iri% audi5ce 9 !    
,rotunda ev5 ! mo/ brilliant effects (  
,%eil at ! old ,ca?olic ,association1 is
 n[ to be recogniz$ 9 a bronz$ & w>-worn

 soldi]1 "u #dfg ! /yle & title (       
,major-,g5]al ,?omas ,francis ,meagh]1 (
 ! ,unit$ ,/ates army1 comm&+ a         
division1 :i*1 aft] ,%]man comm5c$ 8    
m>vell\s m>* on ,savannah1 0 s5t =w>d to
 hold ! s\!rn section ( ,t5nessee1 & 0  
la/ he>d ( 9 camp at ,*attanooga4 ,"o ( 
?is orator's favorite disciples1 ,eug5e 
,o',reilly1 holds an equival5t rank2 b 8
 l9e ( s]vice has la9 n 9 ,am]ica1 b 9  
,asia--8 allegiance is n to ! ,presid5t 
,abraham ,l9coln1 b to ! ,sultan ,abdul 
,aziz2 he is kn[n to all true believ]s  
"u ! /yle ( ,o',reilly ,bey1 "o ( !     
e>lie/ ( ! ,*ri/ian (fic]s :o took rank 
"u ! ,hatti ,hamay\n2 & 8 sword's av5g+ 
ju/ice 0 freely felt among ! ,mohamm$an 
mob :o horrifi$ ,*ri/5dom five ye>s ago 
by ! massacres ( ,syria4 ,:at region ( !
 e>? is n full ( ! labors ( ?is p>ty1   
sect1 & s*ool ( all ! ,iri% tal5ts1 (   
:om may well be sung ! antique ,milesian
 elegy1 to :i* _! prophet & guide gave  
words t compla9 !y h left b few heirs ( 
_! company8  ,footnote #ig ,! rabid     

viol5ce & ! und]br$ vulg>ity ( /yle :i* 
belong to s _m ( ! ,iri% ,nationali/    
p>ty ( ! pres5t day1 are all unlike ev5 
! errors ( ,"y ,irel&4 ,t p>ty1 ?\gh x  
tragically fail$ 9 fulfill+ its hopes at
 home1 has at all ev5ts ju/ifi$ its     
ambition abroad2 & x 0 always & ev]y:]e 
s+ul>ly true to its ideas4 ,scatt]$ z x 
is1 brok51 & (t5 app>5tly divid$ aga9/  
itself1 its memb]s h n fail$ to yield   
loyal1 valiant1 & signal s]vice to      
:atev] cause !y esp\s$ or c\ntry !y     
adopt$4 ,its poets h _h a pr9cipal h& 9 
fram+ ! con/itutions ( /ates manife/ly  
de/9$ to future greatness4 ,its orators 
h l$ =lorn hopes aga9/ fe>ful odds2 &1  
:e!r 9 ! m>%es ( ! ,*ickahom9y or 9     
,syrian defiles1 h n kn[n h[ to %[ _!   
backs to ! enemy4 ,x w\ld be easy to    
trace ov] a f> wid] range ! =tunes ( its
 memb]s s9ce ! great emigration t       
scatt]$ !m 9 ! ye>s t foll[$ _!         
cata/rophe 9 '#dh4 ,x is possible any   
day to f9d a ,"y ,irel&]1 :o at a m or  
less brief p]iod aft] ,ball+>ry abiit1  

evasit1 erupit1 9 ! r$ baggy bree*es ( !
 ,z\ave1 or 9 judicial crimson & erm9e  
at ! antipodes2 9 ! black robe ( a      
,passioni/ fa!r or ! silk g[n ( a que5's
 c\nsel2 survey+ a railroad 9 ,dakotah1 
or organiz+ brig&s 9 ,sicily2 help+ 9 "s
 subord9ate way ! ,emp]or ,maximilian to
 f\nd ! ,mexican empire1 or on ! high   
road to make himself a ,yell[ ,button at
 ,pek+4 ,z = ,am]ican g5]als nor? & s\?1
 & colonial law-giv]s ea/ & we/1 _!     
names are legion & ! legion's "n v mu*  
beg9s ) ,mac or ,o'4 ,may !y make w> &  
law to good advantage6 ,x 0 n giv5 to !m
 to make ei!r = ,irel&2 b1 if ,flet*] ( 
,salt\n 0 a wise man 9 8 g5]ation1 !y 9 
!irs h left _! c\ntry a f> m preci\s    
h]itage4    ,footnote #if3 ,our ,am]ican
 read]s ne$ h>dly be rem9d$ t "s   ( !  
biographical /atem5ts :i* foll[ are v   
wide ( !   tru?4--,ed4 ,c4 ,w4          
,footnote #ig3 ,z truagh gan oidir 'n-a 
bh-f>radk--lit]ally1   ,:at a pity t !re
 is no heir ( _! company4 ,see !        
,lam5t = ! ,milesians1 9 ,! ,poems (    

,?omas ,davis4 ,dubl93   ,duffy4  ,iri% 
poetry c]ta9ly exi/$ be=e ,"y ,irel&1 & 
0 ev5 consid]$1 l oratory1 to be a      
quality naturally & easily indig5\s to !
 ,iri% g5ius4 ,moore _h n unwor?ily     
su/a9$ ! reputation ( 8 c\ntry 9 an age 
( great poets2 & x 0 ,moore's own av[$  
belief t 8 ,iri% ,melodies 7 ! v fl[]+ (
 8 inspiration1 & 7 inde$ alone w>rant$ 
to pres]ve 8 fame to future ages4 ,b    
nei!r ,moore1 nor any o!r poet ( ,iri%  
bir?1 _h attempt$ to give to ! ,iri% t  
poetry racy ( ! soil1 :]e9 e image &    
syllable smacks ( _! own native         
nationality1 :i* ,burns & ,scott1 & a   
ho/ ( m9or poets1 _h creat$ = ! ,scot*4 
,?is is ! "w :i* ,"y ,irel& delib]ately 
& av[$ly attempt$1 & 9 :i* x has        
assur$ly succe$$4 ,:5 ! ef=t 0 fir/     
made1 x is #dfh told t sev]al ( ! writ]s
 :o aft]w>d wrote :at1 9 its ord] (     
ballad poetry1 is unexcell$ 9 !         
language--& notably ,mr4 ,davis-- 7 q   
unaw>e ( any possession ( ! poetic      
faculty1 & took to ! task z a boy takes 

to 8 tale ( ,lat9 spondees & dactyls at 
college4 ,b ! /ream 0 9 ! rock1 & :5 !  
rock 0 tapp$ ! /ream fl[$4 ,9 ! c\rse ( 
less ?an a ye> ,! ,_s ( ! ,nation 0     
publi%$1 9 :i*1 ) mu* und5iable rubbi%1 
!re appe>$ a numb] ( ballads & songs t  
won ! admiration ( all good critics2 &  
to :i* ! f> m important te/imony ( _!   
popul> acceptance is /ill giv5 9 ! =m ( 
cont9u\sly recurr+ & increas+ editions4 
,a ,scot* publi%]-- ,mr4 ,griff91 (     
,glasg[--t5 ye>s ago _h he>d su* acc\nts
 ( ?is curi\s flood-tide ( ,iri% v]se1 t
 he ?\ght x might be a safe speculation 
to try :e!r1 despite its politics1 x    
might n make its way 9 ! ,briti% m>ket4 
,! edition 0 v soon exhau/$1 & ! book is
 n[1 we believe1 out ( pr9t4 ,^! facts  
are ( ev5 m value ?an ! high op9ion :i* 
s exp]i5c$ & accompli%$ a critic z ,"l  
,jeffrey express$ ab\t ! same "t ( !    
poetic gifts ( ,davis & ,duffy2 = by    
univ]sal cons5t ! te/ ( sale loses all  
its vulg>ity :5 appli$ to t mo/ e!real  
comp\nd ( ! human intellect1 poetry4 ,! 

poet is born1 & n made1 accord+ to      
,horace2 b 9 s f> z he is made any?+ by 
man1 x is by process ( univ]sal suffrage
 ov] ! c\nt]4 ,gradual1 gr[+1 g5]al     
recognition1 te/ifi$ by _m editions1 at 
la/1 9 ! c\rse ( ?irty ye>s1 e/abli%es !
 irrefragable position ( a ,t5nyson2    
aga9/ :i* a ,tupp]1 long /ruggl+1 9 !   
end f9ds 8 level1 & l9es trunks4  ,mu* (
 ! poetry ( ?is "t 01 consci\sly or     
unconsci\sly1 mimetic--ma9ly ( ,sir     
,walt] ,scott & ( ,"l ,macaulay1 ^:     
,lays ( ,anci5t ,rome _h rec5tly be5    
publi%$4 ,scott1 inde$1 m di/9ctly      
sugge/$ ! elem5ts out ( :i* ! ,"y ,irel&
 poetry grew4 ,burns wrote 9 a peculi>  
prov9cial dialect1 & ) ! exception ( a  
few glori\s lyrics1 :i* w occur to e    
read]'s recollection1 he wrote = a      
di/rict & = a class4 ,b 9 ,scott's m9d  
all ! elem5ts ( ! ,scotti% nationality 7
 equally conflu5t & homog5e\s--!        
,highl&]1 ! ,l[l&]1 & ! ,isl&]2 ! ,celt1
 ! ,saxon1 & ! ,dane2 ! laird1 !        
presbyt]1 & ! peasant2 & 8 imag9ation   

equally vivifi$ all times--f ^? ( !     
,v>angians at ,con/ant9ople to ^? ( !   
,jacobites at ,cullod54 ,b 9 ,irel& !re 
0 no =m$ dialect l ! ,l[l& ,scot*1 ) a  
settl$ vocabul>y & a concrete =m4 ,!    
language ( ! peasantry 9 _m p>ts ( !    
c\ntry 0 ! same sort ( base ,engli% t a 
=eign] speaks--scanty 9 its range (     
words1 ill-articulat$ & aspirat$1 loose 
9 ! use ( ! liquid lett]s1 =m$ accord+  
to ali5 idioms1 & flavor$ ) ali5        
expletives4 ,! language ( ! be/ ( !     
ballads ( ! peasantry 0 t ( a p]iod 9   
:i* ! p /ill ?\ght 9 ,iri%1 & express$  
!mselves 9 brok5 ,engli%1 utt]$ ) ! deep
 & some:at guttural tones ( ! ,celt1 &  
g>ni%$ n[ & !n ) ! m racy epi!ts1 or    
ende>m5ts1 or %ibbole?s1 ( _! native    
spee*4 ,= a "t ! example ( ,"l          
,macaulay's ballad poetry prevail$1 )   
its long roll+ metre1 its picturesque   
nom5clature1 its contra/s r rhetorical  
?an poetical4 ,x 0 possible to describe 
t decisive *>ge ( ! ,iri% brigade at    
,font5oy1 :i* ,mr4 ,c>lyle treats z a   

m]e my?1 9 /ra9s :i* in/antly sugge/ ^? 
( ! ,battle ( ,ivry4 ,& s did ,davis 9 a
 v memorable ballad2 b ! lik5ess 0 ma9ly
 9 ! measure1 & ,"l ,macaulay _h no     
copyright 9 l9es ( f\rte5 feet4 ,! poem 
itself 0 ,iri% to ! manor born2 &1 x    
might be plead$1 0 only z l ! v]se ( ,"l
 ,macaulay z ! prose ( ,"l ,macaulay is 
l ! prose ( ,edmund ,burke4 #dfi ,beyond
 ?is task-"w1 h[ev]1 :i*1 al?\gh v      
+5i\sly & flu5tly done1 0 /ill z mu*    
task-"w z college !mes1 !re arose a     
difficulty & a hope4 ,0 x possible to   
transfuse ! peculi> _s ( ! ,iri% native 
poetry into ! ,engli% tongue8 ,!        
rese>*es ( ! ,ar*aeological ,society 7  
at ?is "t rapidly dis5tomb+ ! long-hidd5
 hi/orical & poetical treasures ( !     
,iri% language4 ,_m ( ^! _h be5         
translat$ by ,cl>5ce ,mangan1 9 a /yle  
:i* did n pret5d to be lit]ally fai?ful1
 b :i* s exp&$1 illu/rat$1 & h>moniz$ ! 
orig9al t ! poem1 :ile los+ none ( its  
idiosyncrasy1 ga9$ 9 e quality ( grace1 
fre$om1 & =ce4 ,! ri*1 ! sometimes      

r$undant array ( epi!ts1 ! mobile1      
passionate transitions1 ! t5d] &        
melan*oly _s ( v5]ation = a vani%+      
civilization1 = p]i%+ h\ses1 scatt]+    
clans1 & a p]secut$ ,*ur*--"s ev5 ( ! m 
graceful ( ! idioms & m musical ( !     
metres--might surely be naturaliz$ 9 !  
,engli% language2 & s an ,iri% poetical 
dialect be absolutely inv5t$ 9 ! middle 
( ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,x 0 kn[n h[ an     
,iri% peasant spoke brok5 ,engli%1 & put
 x into rhyme t did n want a /range wild
 melody1 t 0 to m f9i%$ & s*ol>ly v]se z
 ! flavor ( pote5 is to ! flavor (      
,burgundy4 ,b h[ w\ld an ,iri% b>d1     
draw+ 8 inspiration f ! primeval        
,ossianic s\rces1 & ?9k+ 9 ! true       
ec/atic _s ( ! ,iri% muse1 speak1 if he 
7 condemn$ to speak1 9 ! spee* ( !      
,saxon8 ,?is 0 ! bold conception2 & no  
"o :o is famili> ) ! poetry ( ,irel&    
dur+ ! la/ tw5ty ye>s1 w d5y t x has be5
 9 great "p fulfill$4  ,! poet to :om   
its execution is especially due c h>dly 
be call$ a ,"y ,irel&] 9 ! political    

s5se ( ! ^w4 ,b ,"y ,irel& 0 a lit]>y   
s*ool z well z a political sect2 & any  
"o :o rememb]s1 or may read1 ,mr4       
,f]guson's wond]ful ,lam5t = ,?omas     
,davis1 :i* x is to be greatly regrett$ 
he has n includ$ 9 ! pres5t edition ( 8 
poems1 w recognize ! /rong elective     
aff9ities :i* atta*$ him to _! action & 
influ5ce4 ,z x is1 ?is volume is by f> !
 mo/ rem>kable rec5t contribution ( !   
,iri% poetical g5ius to ,engli%         
lit]ature4 ,mr4 ,f]guson has accompli%$ 
! problem ( convey+ ! absolute _s (     
,iri% poetry into ,engli% v]se1 & he has
 done s "u ! mo/ difficult conceivable  
conditions--= he pref]s a c]ta9 simple &
 unluxuriant /ructure 9 ! plan ( 8      
poems1 & he uses 9 _! composition ! mo/ 
/rictly ,saxon words he c f9d4 ,b all ! 
accessories & figures1 & /ill m a c]ta9 
weird melody 9 ! rhy?m t rem9ds ! e> ( !
 wild grace ( ! native music1 indicate  
at e turn :at ,mr4 ,fr\de has           
half-reproa*fully call$ ! subtle spell (
 ! ,iri% m9d4 ,x is n surpris+ to f9d   

ev5 c>eful & accompli%$ ,engli% critics 
unable to rea* to ! ess5tial mean+ ( ?is
 poetry1 :i*1 to _m1 evid5tly appe>s z  
bald z ! /yle ( ,burns fir/ seem$ to    
s\?ron eyes :5 he became ! fa%ion at    
,ed9burgh eighty ye>s ago4 ,& yet to    
ma/] ! dialect ( ,burns is at lea/ z    
difficult z to ma/] ! dialect ( ,*auc]1 
:ile ,mr4 ,f]guson r>ely uses a ^w t    
w\ld n be pass$ by ,swift or ,defoe4    
,be=e "o ( ! mo/ beautiful1 simple1 &   
graceful ( 8 lat] poems a rec5t critic  
paus$1 evid5tly dismay$ by !            
introduction1 ( :i*1 h[ev]1 n will+ to  
dispute ! beauty1 he quot$ a few l9es4  
,x 0 an old ,iri% leg5d1 v]sifi$ )      
surpass+ grace & _s1 ( :i* ?is is !     
argum5t4 ,f]gus ,mac,roy1 k+ ( ,ul/] 9 !
 old pagan times1 0 a v good k+ ( 8 k9d4
 ,he lov$ 8 p & !y lov$ him4 ,he 0      
h&some1 & /rong1 & tall4 ,he bore       
himself well 9 w> & 9 ! *ase4 ,he drank 
) discretion4 #dgj ,nev]!less 8 life _h 
two tr\bles4 ,he did n love ! law2 & he 
did love a wid[4 ,to li/5 z *ief        

ju/ici>y to ! causes1 ( :i* a con/ant   
crop sprang up at ,emania1 t>es & corn  
?ickly set toge!r1 tr\bl$ him sorely4   
,to make v]ses to ! wid[1 on ! o!r h&1  
came z easy z sipp+ usquebaugh or       
me!gl94 ,he propos$1 & ?\gh a k+ 0      
refus$2 b n disc\rag$1 press$ 8 suit    
aga9 & aga94 ,& at la/ ,nessa ! fair    
yield$1 b %e made a condition t h] son  
,conor %\ld sit on ! judgm5t-seat daily 
by 8 /epfa!r's side44 ,?is easily agre$1
 ,nessa became que51 :ile1 z ,f]gus     
tells ! tale3    ,:ile 9 c\ncil & debate
   ,conor daily by me sate2   ,mode/ 0 8
 mi5 9 soo?1   ,beautiful ! /udi\s y\?1 
,que/ion+ ) eag] gaze1   ,all ! reasons 
& ! ways   ,9 ! :i*1 & :y because1      
,k+s adm9i/] ! laws4  ,9 ?is wise a ye> 
pass$1 ! y\? dilig5tly obs]vant1 )      
faculties rip5+ & bright5+ z 8 maje/y's 
grew m consci\sly ru/y & sl[2 & !n a    
crisis came1 :i* ,mr4 ,f]guson describes
 9 v]ses ( :i* x is h>d to say :e!r !y  
be/ des]ve ! coif or ! laurel1 = 9 e l9e
 !re is ! %>p wit ( ! lawy] z well z !  

vivid fancy ( ! poet3    ,till ^u a day 
9 c\rt   ,rose a plea ( weighti] sort1  
,tangl$ z a bri]y ?icket   ,7 ! rights &
 wrongs intricate    ,:i* ! litigants   
disput$1   ,*all5g$1 moot$1 & confut$1  
,till :5 all ! plea 0 end$   ,naught at 
all ,i compreh5d$4    ,scorn+ an affect$
 %[   ,( ! ?+ ,i did n "k1   ,yet my own
 defect to hide1   ,i said1 ,boy judge1 
?\ decide4    ,conor ) unalt]'d mi51    
,9 a cle> sweet voice s]5e1   ,took 9 h&
 ! tangl$ ske91   ,& began to make x    
pla94    ,z a %eep-dog sorts 8 cattle1  
,z a k+ arrays 8 battle1   ,s ! facts on
 ei!r side   ,he did m>%al & divide4    
,e bran*+ side-dispute   ,trac$ he      
d[nw>d to ! root   ,( ! /rife's ma9 /em1
 & !re   ,laid ! gr\nd ( diff]5ce b>e4  
,!n to scope ( ei!r cause1   ,set !     
compass ( ! laws1   ,?is adopt+1 t      
reject+1--   ,reasons to a head         
collect+1--    ,z a *>g+ cohort goes    
,?r\gh & ov] scatt]'d foes1   ,s1 f po9t
 to po9t he br\ght   ,onw>d /ill !      
weight ( ?\ght    ,?r\gh all error &    

confusion1   ,till he set ! cle>        
conclusion1   ,/&+ l a k+ alone1   ,all 
?+s adv]se ov]?r[n1    ,& gave judgm5t  
cle> & s\nd3--   ,praises fill$ ! hall  
ar\nd2   ,yea1 ! man t lo/ ! cause      
,h>dly c\ld )hold applause4  ,9 ^!      
exquisite v]ses1 ! language is z /rict  
to ! po9t z if x 7 tak5 f ,mr4 ,smi?'s  
,action at ,law2 b ! read] w rem>k h[ e 
figure rem9ds him1 & yet n 9 any m]e    
mimetic fa%ion1 ( ! _s & illu/rations ( 
! ,ossianic poetry4 ,nev]!less ea* ^w   
tak5 by itself is simple ,saxon4 ,its   
,celtic "* only runs l a ve9 ?r\gh !    
poem1 b x colors & saturates x ?r\gh &  
?r\gh4  ,! greate/ ( ,mr4 ,f]guson's    
poems1 h[ev]1 is und\bt$ly ,! ,wel%m5 ( 
,tirawley1 a ballad :i*1 we d n fe> to  
say1 is unsurpass$ 9 ! ,engli% language1
 or p]haps 9 ev5 ! ,spani%4 ,its epic   
proportion & integrity1 ! vivid         
picturesqu5ess ( its phraseology1 its   
wild & orig9al metre1 its extraord9>y   
realization ( ! laws & cu/oms ( an ,iri%
 clan's daily life1 ! /]n brevity ( its 

g5]al n>rative1 & ! ri*ness ( its       
figures1 ?\gh all b>b>ic pe>l & gold1   
give x a pre-em95t place among ballads4 
,scott w\ld h devot$ ?ree volumes to !  
/ory1 7 x n = ! difficulty ( tell+ "s ( 
its incid5ts4 ,mr4 ,f]guson exhibits no 
little skill 9 ! way t he hurries 8     
read]s pa/ :at he c\ld n altoge!r omit4 
,= ! facts ^u :i* ! ballad is f\nd$ are 
simply horrible1 & !y are hi/orically   
true4  ,aft] ! "t ( ,/rongb[1 sev]al    
,wel% families :o _h foll[$ 8 flag      
settl$ 9 ,connaught4 ,among #dga ^!     
k9dly ,britons ( ,tirawley1 7 ! ,wal%es 
or ,wallises1 ! ,heils 7a quibus        
,mac,hale1 &1 possibly1 t mo/ p]fect    
in/ance ( ! ,hib]nis ipsis ,hibemior1 ! 
ar*bi%op ( ,tuam72 also ! ,lynotts & !  
,b>retts1 ) :om we are at pres5t m      
p>ticul>ly conc]n$4 ,^! la/ claim$      
desc5t f ! high /ew>d ( ! manor (       
,camelot1 & _! end is a /ory fit = !    
,r\nd ,table4 ,! great top>* ( !        
t]ritory 0 ! ,mac,william ,burke1 z !   
,iri% call$ ! head ( ! de ,burgos1      

desc5d$ f ,william ,fitz,adelm de       
,burgo1 conqu]or ( ,connaught1 & !re9   
commonly call$ ,william ,conqu]--( :om !
 ,m>quis ( ,clanric>de is ! pres5t l9eal
 repres5tative2 be+ to ,connaught ev5   
/ill some:at z ! ,mac,callummore is to  
,argyle1 m especially :5 he happ5s to be
 9 ! cab9et1 & to h ! patronage ( !     
po/-(fice4 ,n[ ! ,lynotts 7 subject to !
 ,b>retts1 & ! ,b>retts 7 subject to !  
,burkes4 ,b :5 ! ,b>retts' bailiff1     
,scorna ,boy1 came to collect !         
,lynotts' taxes1 he s demean$ himself t 
! :ole clan rose z "o man1 ev5 z ,jack  
,cade1 & slew him4 ,:]eupon ! v5geful   
,b>retts gave to all mank9d among !     
,lynott clan a t]rible *oice--( :i* "o  
alt]native 0 bl9dness2 & ! be>d$ m5 7   
all ( _! own pref]5ce bl9d$1 & l$ to !  
riv] ,duv[51 & told to walk ov] ! /epp+ 
/ones ( ,clo*an-na-n'all2 & !y all      
/umbl$ into ! flood & 7 dr[n$1 except   
old ,emon ,lynott1 ( ,g>ran>d--:om      
accord+ly ! ,b>retts br\ght back & bl9d$
 ov] aga91 by runn+ ne$les ?r\gh 8      

eyeballs4    ,b ) prompt-project$       
foot/eps1 sure z ev]1   ,emon ,lynott   
aga9 cross$ ! riv]1   ,?\gh ,duv[5 0    
ris+ fa/1   ,& ! %ak+ /ones o'erca/1    
,by cold floods boil+ pa/2       ,yet y 
nev]1       ,emon ,lynott1   ,falt]$    
once be=e y\r foem5 ( ,tirawley4    ,b  
turn+ on ,ball9tubb] bank1 y /ood   ,& !
 ,b>retts ?us bespoke o'er ! flood--    
,oh1 ye fooli% sons ( ,watt91   ,small  
am5ds are ^! y've gott51   ,=1 :ile     
,scorna ,boy lies rott51       ,i am    
good       ,= v5geance6   ,s+ ! v5geance
 ( ! ,wel%m5 ( ,tirawley4    ,= 'tis    
nei!r 9 eye nor eyesight t a man4       
,be>s ! =tunes ( himself & 8 clan1   ,b 
9 ! manly m9d   ,^! d>k5'd orbs beh9d1  
,t y\r ne$les c\ld nev] f9d1       ,?\gh
 !y ran       ,?r\gh my he>t/r+s4   ,s+ 
! v5geance ( ! ,wel%m5 ( ,tirawley4     
,b little y\r wom5's ne$les d ,i reck1  
,= ! night f heav5 nev] fell s black1   
,b ,tirawley & abroad   ,f ! ,moy to    
,cuan-an-fod1   ,i c\ld walk x1 e sod1  
,pa? & track1       ,=d & togh]1        

,seek+ v5geance on y1 ,b>retts (        
,tirawley6  ,& s leav+ l\d-%riek-e*o+   
,g>ran>d1 ! ,lynott1 ) 8 wife & sev5    
*ildr51 ab&ons 8 home1 & takes refuge 9 
,gl5 ,neph91 :]e1 9 ! c\rse ( a ye>1 a  
son is born to him1 :om he d$icates f ! 
fir/ brea? to 8 v5geance4 ,he tra9s ?is 
boy ) assidu\s c>e to all !             
accompli%m5ts ( a ,celtic cavali]2      
,&1 z ev] ! bright boy grew 9 /r5g? &   
size1   ,made him p]fect 9 ea* manly    
ex]cise1   ,! salmon 9 ! flood1   ,! dun
 de] 9 ! wood1   ,! eagle 9 ! cl\d1     
,to surprise1       ,on ,b5 ,neph91     
,f> above ! foggy fields ( ,tirawley4   
,) ! yell[-knott$ spe>-%aft1 ) ! b[1    
,) ! /eel1 prompt to deal %ot & bl[1    
,he taught him f ye> to ye>1   ,& tra9$ 
him1 )\t a pe]1   ,= a p]fect cavali]1  
,hop+ s--       ,f> 8 =e?\ght--   ,=    
v5geance on ! ,b>retts ( ,tirawley4     
,& :5 m\nt$ on 8 pr\d-b\nd+ /e$1   ,emon
 ,oge sat a cavali] inde$2   ,l ! e> ^u 
! :eat1   ,:5 ! w9ds 9 autumn beat   ,on
 ! b5d+ /ems 8 seat2       ,& ! spe$    

,( 8 c\rs]   ,0 ! w9d f ,b>na-na-gee    
o'er ,tirawley6  ,fifte5 ye>s h pass$ & 
! y\? is p]fect$ 9 all ! accompli%m5ts (
 sport & w>1 & ! ,lynott ?9ks x is "t to
 return to ! _w & "w out ! s*eme ( 8    
v5geance4 ,s ! fa!r & son quit _! m\nta9
 solitude1 & j\rney s\?w>d to ! bailey (
 ,ca/leb>2 & 9 a few f9e t\*es ! picture
 ( ,mac ,william's gr&eur1 z x /rikes   
#dgb ! boy's wond]+ eyes1 rises be=e u2 
! /one h\se1 /rong & great1 & !         
horse-ho/ at ! gate & _! capta9 9 armor1
 & ! beautiful ,banti]na by 8 side ) h] 
little pe>l ( a daught]4 ,:o %\ld ?is be
 b ! mighty ,mac,william6 ,into 8       
pres5ce ride ! ,lynotts2 &1 aft]        
salutations1 ! old man decl>es 8        
bus9ess4 ,he has come to claim1 z       
gossip-law all[s1 ! fo/]age (           
,mac,william's son4 ,ev] s9ce ,william  
,conqu]'s "t1 8 race 7 wont to place a  
,mac,william ,oge 9 ! *>ge ( a ,briton (
 ,tirawley2 & ! "y ,lynott 0 a pl$ge = 8
 fa!r's capacity 9 su* tutelage4 ,:5    
,mac,william saw ! "y ,lynott ride1 run1

 & %oot1 he said he w\ld give ! spoil ( 
a c\nty to h 8 son s accompli%$4 ,:5    
,lady ,mac,william he>d him speak1 &    
scann$ 8 fre% & h>dy air1 %e said %e    
w\ld give a purse ( r$ gold t h] ,tibbot
 _h su* a nurse z _h re>$ ! "y ,briton4 
,! cu/om 0 all[$4 ,! "y ,mac,william 0  
s5t "u ! guidance ( old ,lynott into    
,tirawley1 & ,emon ,oge rema9$ z a      
ho/age 9 ,ca/leb>4 ,s back to ,g>ran>d1 
no long] ! l\d-%riek-e*o+1 old ,lynott  
returns--    ,s back to                 
/rong-?rong-ga!r+ ,g>ran>d1   ,l a "l ( 
! c\ntry ) 8 gu>d1   ,came ! ,lynott    
be=e !m all1   ,once aga9 o'er          
,clo*an-ua-n'all1   ,/eady-/rid+1 erect1
 & tall1       ,& 8 w>d       ,on 8     
%\ld]s2   ,to ! wond] ( ! ,wel%m5 (     
,tirawley4  ,& !n ! "y ,tibbot 0 taught 
all mann] ( feats ( body1 to swim1 to   
%oot1 to gallop1 to wre/le1 to f5ce1 &  
to run1 until he grew up z deft & z t\gh
 z ,emon ,oge4 ,b he 0 taught o!r       
lessons z well1 :i* 7 n 9 ! bond ( 8    
fo/]-fa!r4    ,! lesson ( hell he taught

 him 9 he>t & m9d2   ,= to :at desire   
soev] he incl9$1   ,( ang]1 lu/1 or     
pride1   ,he _h x gratifi$1   ,till he  
rang$ ! circle wide       ,( a bl9d     
,self-indulg5ce1   ,ere he came to      
y\?ful manhood 9 ,tirawley4  ,%ame &    
rage track 8 passage1 till "o night ! "y
 ,b>retts ( ! ,bac fell ^u him at       
,cornassack & slew him4 ,8 body 0 borne 
to ,ca/leb>4 ,! ,brehons 7 summon$ to   
judgm5t2 & ov] ! bi] ( ,mac,william ,oge
 began ! plea = an eric to be impos$ ^u 
! ,b>retts = _! crime2 & ! ,brehons     
decre$ ! mulct1 & ,lynott's %>e ( x 0   
n9e pl\ghl&s & n9e score ( cattle4 ,& n[
 ! ultimate h\r ( ! bl9d old man's      
v5geance _h come1 n to be sat$ ) l& &   
k9e4 ,rejoice1 he cri$1 9 y\r pl\ghl&s &
 y\r cattle1 :i* ,i r5\nce ?r\gh\t      
,tirawley4 ,b1 exp]t 9 all ! rules &    
cu/oms ( ! clans1 he asks ! ,brehons1   
,is x n ! law t ! fo/]-fa!r may1 if he  
please1 applot ! %ort eric8 ,& !y say x 
is s4 ,:]eupon1 =mally reject+ 8 own %>e
 ( ! mulct1 he makes 8 aw>d--t ! l& ( ! 

,b>retts %all be equally divid$ on e    
side ) ! ,burkes1 & t ,mac,william %all 
h a seat 9 e ,b>rett's hall1 a /all 9 e 
,b>rett's /able1 & ne$ful groom+ f e    
ho/el] = e ,burke :o %all ride ?r\gh\t  
,tirawley = ev]4 ,& !n1 9 a spee* full (
 b>b>ic sublimity & tragic conc5tration 
( passion1 he confesses ! pati5t se>* & 
vigil long ( 8 v5geance4 ,x is almo/    
unju/ to break ! closely-wr\ght *a9 (   
?is spee* by a s+le quotation1 & we h   
be5 already unduly tempt$ to extract f  
?is extraord9>y poem2 b1 p]haps1 ?is "o 
v]se may be sep>at$ f ! re/ z conta9+ ! 
v culm9ation ( ! old man's hide\s rage4 
,i take n y\r eyesight f y z y took     
,m9e & ours3 ,i w\ld h y daily look     
,on "o ano!r's eyes1   ,:5 ! /rang]s    
tyrannize   ,by y\r he>?s1 & blu%es rise
       ,t ye brook       ,)\t v5geance  
,! insults ( troops ( ,tibbots ?r\gh\t  
,tirawley4  ,ano!r mom5t & he has done4 
,fa!r & son1 says ,mac,william1 #dgc    
hang !m high6 & old ,lynott !y hang$    
=?)2 b "y ,lynott _h elop$ )            

,mac,william's daught] to ,scotl&1 & !re
 *ang$ 8 "n to ,edmund ,l9dsay4 ,!      
judgm5t ( ! %ort eric 01 h[ev]1 held    
good2 & ! ,burkes rode r\gh-%od ov] !   
,b>retts1 until1 z ,mr4 ,f]guson1 almo/ 
v]bally v]sify+ ! ,*ronicle ( ,duald    
,mac ,firbis1 says3    ,till ! ,saxon   
,oliv] ,cromwell1   ,& 8 valiant        
,bible-guid$   ,free h]etics ( ,clan    
,london   ,com+ 91 9 _! succession1     
,root$ out bo? ,burke & ,b>rett2  a     
process ( eviction :i* ,mr4 ,f]guson1 n 
m]ely = ! sake ( poetical ju/ice1 b out 
( ! inv9cible ignorance ( pure          
puritanical ,prote/antism1 appe>s on !  
:ole v highly to approve4  ,?is ballad  
is inde$ unique 9 its ord]3 no ,iri%    
ballad approa*es its wild sublimity & ! 
?or\ghness ( detail ) :i* x is conceiv$ 
& execut$4 ,! only ,iri% n>rative ballad
 :i* c be> a g5]al comp>ison ) x is ,mr4
 ,flor5ce ,mac,carthy's ,=ay ( ,con     
,o',donnell1 a poem z p]fect 9 its      
hi/orical reality1 9 ! aptness ( all its
 figures1 illu/rations1 & feats ( phrase

 to a purely ,celtic ideal1 & :i* ev5   
surpasses ,! ,wel%m5 9 a c]ta9 easy &   
lissome grace ( melody1 t falls on ! e> 
l ! delicately drawn notes ( ,c>olan's  
music4 ,b ?is grace is disda9$ by ! grim
 & compress$ "* :i* animates e l9e (    
,mr4 ,f]guson's ballad4 ,8 o!r works1   
f9e ( fancy & ripe ( phrase z !y are1   
fall f> bel[ x1 ,! ,ta9-,que/ does n on 
! :ole en?ral ! read]1 or magnetize !   
memory4 ,! ,heal+ ( ,conall ,c>na*1 & ,!
 ,burial ( ,k+ ,cormac are poems t w    
hold _! place 9 _m future ,books ( ,iri%
 ,ballads2 !y are unusually spirit$     
v]sifications ( passages f ! m h]oic    
p]iod ( e>ly ,iri% hi/ory2 b except+    
occasional l9es1 !y only appe> to be !  
v]sifications ( already writt5 leg5ds4  
,! ballad ( ,grace ,o',malley1 commonly 
call$ ,grana ,uaile1 may be             
advantage\sly contra/$ ) ^!1 & x conta9s
 "s v]ses ( s+ul> p[]--z1 = example1 :]e
 ! poet d5ies ! imputation ( piracy     
aga9/ ?is lady :o lov$ to roam ! high   
seas "u h] own commission--    ,b no3   

'twas n = sordid spoil   ,( b>que or    
sea-bo>d bor\gh1   ,%e pl\gh'd )        
unfatigu+ toil   ,! flu5t-roll+ furr[2  
,delight+ on ! broad-back'd deep   ,to  
feel ! quiv]+ galley & sweep   ,/ra9 up 
! oppos+ hill1 & sweep   ,d[n ! )draw+  
valley4  ,aide5's ,grave is a poem ( a  
diff]5t k9d1 full ( an exquisite        
melan*oly grace2 & :]e ,ossian is       
suppos$ to apo/rophise 8 future         
imitator1 x is z if he ?\ght aft] !     
mann] ( ! ,f5ians1 b 0 )al ma/] ( e     
symphony ( ! ,engli% tongue3            
,imp]fect 9 an ali5 spee*   ,:5 w&]+ "h 
"s *ild ( *ance1   ,?r\gh pangs ( ke5   
delight %all rea*4   ,! gift (          
utt]ance1--   ,to speak ! air1 ! sky to 
speak1   ,! fre%ness ( ! hill to tell1  
,:o roam+ b>e ,b5 ,ed>'s peak1   ,&     
,aide5's bri]y dell1   ,& gaz+ on !     
,cromle* va/1   ,& on ! m\nta9 & ! sea1 
,%all cat* communion ) ! pa/1   ,& mix  
himself ) me4  ,!re are l9es 9 ?is poem 
t a little rem9d u ( ,gray1 z--    ,at  
,gavra1 :5 by ,osc>'s side   ,%e rode ! 

ridge ( w>2  & aga9 9 ! ,f>ewell to     
,deirdre !re is some?+ 9 ! ca/ & rhy?m (
 ! poem1 r ?an 9 any individual ^w or   
l9e1 t recalls ,scott's ,f>ewell to     
,nor? ,mav54 ,b to say s is n to hit    
blots4 ,mr4 ,f]guson's is beyond "q !   
mo/ ?or\ghly orig9al ve9 ( poetry t any 
,iri% b>d ( late days has wr\ght out2 & 
9 lay+ d[n ?is volume we c only regret t
 ! specim5s he has ?\ght wor?y (        
collection are s few 9 comp>ison n m]ely
 ) :at he might h done1 b ) :at he      
actually has done4 ,= #dgd ?is mode/y1  
let u hope t ! prompt p5ance ( a second 
& enl>g$ edition may atone4  ,we h said 
t ?\gh ,mr4 ,f]guson c\ld h>dly be call$
 a ,"y ,irel&] 9 politics1 all !        
elective aff9ities ( 8 g5ius t5d$ t[>d t
 s*ool ( ?\ght4 ,b ,lady ,wilde1 !n kn[n
 if %e wrote prose z ,mr4 ,john ,fan%awe
 ,ellis1 & if %e wrote v]se z ,sp]anza1 
_h an extraord9>y influ5ce on all !     
intellectual & political activities (   
,"y ,irel&4 ,x 0 a favorite phantasy ( t
 "t1 :5 ,lam>t9e's book 0 intoxicat+ all

 ,"y ,europe ) ! idea ( a gr& com+      
revolution>y epopoeia1 & ! atrocities ( 
socialism 9 ,france & ,mazz9ianism 9    
,italy _h n yet horrifi$ all ,*ri/5dom1 
to f9d ! model m5 = a mod]n ,plut>* 9 ! 
ranks ( ! ,girondi/s4 ,notably ,meagh] 0
 suppos$ to be gift$ ) all ! qualities (
 ,v]gniaud1 & ,sp]anza to h m ?an !     
g5ius ( ,madame ,rol&4 ,b :5 we come to 
real comp>isons ( "*1 ! p>allel easily  
gives way4 ,if ,smi? ,o',bri5 0 l any   
,fr5*man ( ! fir/ revolution1 x 0       
,lafayette4 ,mit*el _h 9 c]ta9 respects 
a suspici\s resemblance to ! e>li] &    
mild] phases ( ,robespi]re's peculi>    
intellectual idiosyncrasy4 ,! base (    
,c>not's "* 0 t faculty = organization  
:i* 0 ! ma9spr+ ( ,gavan ,duffy's v>i\s 
& p[]ful g5ius4 ,! p>allel 01 ev5 s f> z
 x w5t1 intr9sically unju/4 ,lam>t9e's  
gl[+ imag9ation gave to ! ,girondi/s a  
gr&eur l>gely ideal4 ,x is fair to say t
 ,meagh]'s oratory 0 on ! :ole ( a high]
 ord] ?an ,v]gniaud's2 & c]ta9ly ,madame
 ,rol&1 great z may h be5 ! influ5ce (  

h] "* & h] conv]sation1 has left u no   
example ( h] tal5t t w be> comp>ison )  
,lady ,wilde's poems or prose4  ,^!     
poems1 h[ev]1 if full ju/ice is to be   
done to !m1 ought to be read f fir/ to  
la/ ) a runn+ comm5t>y 9 ! memory f !   
hi/ory ( ^? few tragic ye>s ^: episodes 
!y 9 a mann] m>k4 ,"o poem is a         
m\rnfully passionate appeal to          
,o',connell aga9/ ! alliance ) ! ,:igs1 
:i* 0 *>g$ z "o ( ! causes ( !          
secession4 ,ano!r is a ballad ( ! fam9e1
 ) lights z gha/ly z ev] gl[$ 9 !       
imag9ation ( ,euripides or ,dante1 &    
f\nd$ on horrors su* z ,greek or        
,italian nev] witness$4 ,!re is !n a    
picture ( ! "y patriot lead]-- :i* an   
arti/ w\ld *>act]ize z a decid$ly       
idealiz$ portrait ( ,meagh]--t ,am]ican 
g5]al :o has s9ce prov$ 8 title to be   
call$ ( ! sword4 ,aga91 a gloomy s]ies (
 images recalls to u ! awful /ate ( !   
c\ntry--! corpses t 7 buri$ )\t c(f9s1 &
 ! m5 & wom5 t walk$ ! roads m l corpses
 ?an liv+ creatures1 spectres &         

skeletons at once2 ! little *ildr5 out (
 ^: sunk5 eyes ! v te>s 7 dri$1 & ov] ^:
 b>e little bones ! hide\s fur ( fam9e  
_h begun to gr[2 ! *ol]a c>t1 ) its load
 ( helpless huddl$ humanity1 on its way 
to ! hospital2 ! emigrant %ip s5d+ back 
its woeful wail ( f>ewell f sw>m+ poop  
to /]n 9 ! (f+2 &1 f> z ! eye c\ld se>* 
! l&1 ! black5$ potato-fields1 fill+ all
 ! air ) ! fetid odors ( decay4 ,aga9 & 
aga9 su* pictures are contra/$ )        
passionate lyrics full ( rebelli\s fire1
 urg+ ! p to die1 if die !y mu/1 by !   
sword r ?an by hung]--& sometimes1 too1 
) an angry1 unreasonable1 readily-=giv5 
reproa* to ! prie/hood1 :o bore ) su*   
noble =titude & self-immolat+ *>ity ! v 
cross ( all ! crosses ( t t]rible "t4   
,x is a curi\s fact1 & rem9ds "o ( ! my?
 ( ,a*illes' heel1 t ,o',connell1 :o    
m>*$ among 8 myriad foes l "o clad 9    
panoply ( mail f head to foot1 ) a sort 
( inexpugnable vigor & endurance1 n to  
be w\nd$1 n to be /unn$1 ) 8 buckl]     
ready = e #dge ?ru/1 & a bl[ = e bl[ t  

ra9$ on 8 casque1 0 weak z a *ild "u !  
influ5ce ( v]se4 ,any "o :o may c\nt ov]
 ! numb] ( times 8 favorite quotations1 
su* z ! l9es beg9n+ ,h]$it>y bondsm5 f  
,*ilde ,h>old = example1 crop up 9 !    
c\rse ( 8 spee*es1 w be incl9$ to say t 
8 fondness = poetry 0 almo/ prepo/]\s4  
,x 0 always tempt+ him1 inde$1 into     
dang]\s ways--= :ile 8 prose prea*$ !   
e!real pr9ciples ( moral =ce1 & ! t5et t
 no political amelioration is wor? !    
%$d+ ( a s+le drop ( human blood1 8     
favorite quotations 7 /rictly 9 favor ( 
fight+4 ,! h]$it>y bondsm5 7 to /rike ! 
bl[2 & ! ,iri% are a nation only too    
well dispos$ to int]pret su* a precept  
lit]ally4 ,moore's melodies 7 always at 
! tip ( 8 tongue2 & ,moore's ,slave s   
l[ly is indignantly urg$ n to p9e 9 8   
*a9s1 b to raise ! gre5 flag =?)1 & d or
 die4 ,"s v]ses ( ,o',connell's own1 (  
:i* he 0 at lea/ equally fond1 began3   
,oh ,er96 %all x e'er be m9e   ,to see  
?y sons 9 battle l9e8  ,x 0 n altoge!r  
politic1 especially :5 ,"y ,irel& 0 ga9+

 ! asc5dant1 to use su* quotations      
habitually2 b ! temptation seems to h   
be5 irresi/ible4 ,s1 on ! o!r h&1 may be
 conceiv$ 8 excessive s5sitiv5ess to    
any?+ s\nd+ l a reproa* t rea*$ him     
?r\gh ! vehicle ( v]se4 ,:5 ,br\gham or 
,/anley or ,peel /ruck _! h>de/1 !y got 
9 return r m ?an !y gave--:5 ! :ole     
,h\se ( ,commons tri$ to /ifle 8 voice1 
ov] all ! d9 ,mr4 ,speak] he>d himself )
 horror call$ ^u to /op ?is bea/ly      
bell[+4 ,b :5 ,moore wrote ^? l9es--s   
cruelly t\*+1 s t]ribly cau/ic--,! dream
 ( ^? days1 :i* appe>$ 9 ! la/ numb] ( !
 ,melodies1 ! ,lib]ator 01 x is said1 s 
deeply affect$ t he %$ te>s4 ,s aga91 ^!
 l9es ( ,sp]anza1 :i* appe>$ 9 ! ,nation
 at ! "t ( ! secession1 /ung him to ! v 
he>t3    ,gone f u--dead to u--he :om we
 wor%ipp$ s6     ,l[ lies ! alt> we     
rais$ to 8 "n2   ,madly 8 own h& ha?    
%att]$ & laid x l[--     ,madly 8 own   
brea? ha? bla/$ 8 fame4   ,he ^: pr\d   
bosom once rag$ ) humanity4     ,he ^:  
broad =ehead 0 circl$ ) might2   ,sunk  

to a "t-s]v+1 drivel+ inanity--         
,god6 :y n sp>e our lov$ c\ntry ! sight8
    ,0 x ! gold ( ! /rang] t tempt$ him8
     ,ah6 we'd h pl$g$ to him body &    
s\l--   ,toil$ = him--f\ght = him--/>v$ 
= him--di$ = him--     ,smil$ ?\gh our  
graves 7 ! /eps to hi s goal4   ,brea!d 
he "o ^w 9 8 deep1 e>ne/ :isp]+8        
,weal?1 cr[n1 & k+dom 7 laid at 8 feet2 
,rais$ he 8 "r h&1 ! millions w\ld r\nd 
him cl+--     ,hu%6 'tis ! ,sass5a* ally
 y greet4  ,x is a curi\s &1 inde$1 a v 
t\*+ trait 9 ,o',connell's "* t an      
imputation convey$ 9 ?is =m _h a p[] to 
w\nd him :i* all ! articles ( ! morn+   
pap]s & all ! spee*es ( ! ev5+ debates  
_h n4 ,?is r$\btable ma/] ( e weapon (  
invective1 ^: weighty words sometimes   
fell on 8 adv]s>y l "o ( ,ossian's      
,titans hurl+ b\ld]s1 or aga9 bur/ into 
a motley cascade ( quip1 & crank1 &     
*aff1 & wild1 rampant ridicule1 t       
7sometimes r co>se & p]sonal7 0 at its  
be/1 to o!r rhetoric1 z ! music ( an    
,iri% jig is to all o!r music1 nev]!less

 _h 8 ,a*illes' t5don4 ,! man :o lov$ to
 call himself ! be/ abus$ man 9 !       
univ]se 0 z weak be=e ! enemy :o attack$
 him accord+ to ! rules ( prosody z if  
he liv$ 9 ! age :5 e ,celt 9 ,k]ry      
pi\sly believ$ t a man1 if ! metre 7    
only made suffici5tly acrid1 might be   
rhym$ to dea?1 9 ! same mann] #dgf z an 
ance/or ( ,"l ,d]by 01 accord+ to ! ,f\r
 ,ma/]s4  ,footnote #ih    ,footnote    
#ih3 ,john ,/anley came to ,irel& z ! k+
 ( ,engl&'s   vic]oy--a man :o gave     
nei!r tol]ation nor sanctu>y to         
ecclesia/ics1 laym51 or lit]>y m52 b all
 ) :om he came 9   contact he subject$  
to cold1 h>d%ip1 & fam9e2 & he x 0   :o 
plund]$ ,niall1 ! son ( ,hugh ,o',higg91
 at ,uisnea* ( ,mea?2   b ,h5ry         
,d',alton plund]$ ,james ,tuite & ! k+'s
 p1 &   gave to ! ,o',higg9s a c[ 9 lieu
 ( ea* c[ ( :i* !y _h   be5 plund]$1 &  
aft]w>d escort$ !m into ,connaught4 ,!  
,o',higg9s1 on acc\nt ( ,niall1 !n      
satiriz$ ,john ,/anley1 :o   only liv$  
live weeks aft] ! satiriz+1 hav+ di$ f !

   v5om ( _! satires4 ,?is 0 ! second   
in/ance ( ! poetical   influ5ce ( ,niall
 ,o',higg9's satires1 ! fir/ hav+ be5 ! 
,clan ,conway turn+ gray ! night !y     
plund]$ ,niall at ,clodo91   & ! second 
! dea? ( ,john ,/anley4--,annals ( !    
,f\r   ,ma/]s4 ,a4,d4 #adad4  ,lady     
,wilde's v]se has n at all ! same       
di/9ctively ,celtic "* z ,mr4           
,f]guson's4 ,he aspires to be    ,k9dly 
,iri% ( ! ,iri%1   ,nei!r ,saxon nor    
,italian2  & 8 *oice inspirations come f
 ! life ( ! clans4 ,sp]anza's v]se1 s f>
 z x has a specially ,iri% "*1 is ( !   
mo/ anci5t type ( t "*4 ,x is full (    
ori5tal figures & illu/rations4 ,x is1  
:5 x is mo/ ,iri%1 r cognate to ,p]sian 
& ,hebrew ways ( ?9k+1 =ms ( metaphor1  
r$undance ( expression--9 its t5d5cy to 
adjuration1 9 its habit ( apo/rophe1 9  
its v peculi> & p[]ful b monoton\s      
rhy?m1 :i* seems to pulsate on ! e> ) ! 
ev51 /rid5t /roke ( a ,h9doo drum4 ,:]e 
?is peculi> poetry at all adapts itself 
to ! vogue ( ! mod]n muse1 x is easy to 

see t ,miss ,b>rett _h v great influ5ce 
9 det]m9+ ! m]e mann] ( ,lady ,wilde's  
g5ius4 ,:5 9 ! mid/ ( "o v p[]ful poem1 
,! ,voice ( ! ,poor1 ^! l9es come 9--   
,:5 ! human re/s ^u ! human1     ,all   
grief is light2   ,b :o l5ds "o k9d     
glance to illum9e     ,our life-long    
night8   ,! air ar\nd is r++ ) _!       
laught]--     ,god has only made ! ri*  
to smile1   ,b we--9 our rags1 & want1 &
 woe--we foll[ aft]1     ,weep+ ! :ile4 
--we are tempt$ to note an unconsci\s   
homage to ! au?or ( ,aurora ,leigh4 ,b !
 "* ( ,lady ,wilde's v]se is f> m color$
 by ! range ( h] /udies ?an by !        
influ5ce ( any special /yle4 ,! g5]al   
read]1 :o may n brea! at ease !         
political atmosph]e ( ! e>li] "p ( ?is  
volume1 w pause ) pleasure to obs]ve !  
_s1 grace1 & fidelity ( ! translations  
:i* succe$4 ,!y are f almo/ e language 9
 ,europe1 :e!r ( ,lat9 or ,teutonic     
orig91 ,fr5*1 ,spani%1 ,portuguese1     
,italian1 ,g]man1 ,sw$i%1 ,dani%1 &     
,russian4 ,among ^! may be m5tion$ 9    

p>ticul> two hymns ( ,savon>ola1 :i* are
 r5d]$ s exquisitely t "o is tempt$ to  
sugge/ t ! ,c>m9a ,s$ulii1 ) mu* m ( !  
anci5t ,iri% hymnology1 are z yet       
untranslat$ into ! tongue n[ us$ 9      
,irel&4 ,x is a "w peculi>ly adapt$ to  
h] g5ius4 ,! fir/ quality ( ,lady       
,wilde's poetry is t lyrical p[] ( :i* !
 hymn is ! f9e/ developm5t2 & h] mo/    
/rik+ poems are ^? :i* assume ! "* ( !  
old] & m regul> =m ( ode4  ,! read]s (  
,mr4 ,william ,all+ham's e>ly writ+s 7 9
 g5]al gratefully surpris$ :5 x 0       
ann\nc$ t he 0 ! au?or ( a v rem>kable  
poem1 ( ! ord] ( eclogue1 :i* appe>$ by 
p>ts 9 ,fras]'s ,magaz9e 9 #ahfc4 ,8    
e>li] poems1 *iefly songs & v]se (      
society1 7 pleas+ f a c]ta9 airy grace &
 lightness2 b on ! :ole _! /yle 0 ?9 &  
jejune4 ,( late1 8 faculties h evid5tly 
mell[$ v rapidly1 & 8 language has      
become m animat$1 m conc5trat$1 & m     
su/a9$4 ,laur5ce ,bloomfield 9 ,irel&   
has _h1 z x 71 a triple success--!      
success ( a pamphlet1 ! success ( a     

novel ( ,iri% life1 & its own m prop] & 
legitimate success1 z a regul> pa/oral1 
skilfully conceiv$1 c>efully execut$1 9 
:i* ! fl[ ( ?\ght is su/a9$ at a v ev51 
if n a v l(ty level ?r\gh\t1 #dgg & ^:  
language is on ! :ole admirably         
h>moniz$1 full ( happy allusional       
effects1 ( qua9t1 m9ute1 picturesque    
del9eation1 & ( a c]ta9 graceful & easy 
en]gy4 ,mr4 ,glad/one has quot$ "s ( its
 l9es 9 a spee* on ! budget z an excuse 
= ma9ta9+ ! duty on :isky2 & he is n !  
only ,engli%man :o has d]iv$ f its      
p]usal an unexpect$ insight into "s ( ! 
m p]plex+ problems ( ,iri% life4        
,c]ta9ly1 ,mr4 ,all+ham's views ( ,iri% 
society1 :5 he t\*es on que/ions (      
religion & politics1 are n our views4   
,he is an ,ul/] ,prote/ant by religion1 
& an advanc$ lib]al 7we take x7 9       
politics4 ,b mak+ ^? all[ances1 x mu/ be
 admitt$ t he %[s ! poet's _m-sid$      
sympa!tic m9d 9 e page ( ?is v rem>kable
 poem4 ,x is1 z he fairly says1 free f  
p]sonalities1 & nei!r ( an orange nor a 

gre5 complexion2 b x is ,iri% 9         
phraseology1 "*1 & local color--) z     
little use z might be ( a corrupt       
dialect1 & ) no def]5ce at all to ! /age
 traditions ( ,paddyism4 ,x is divid$   
into twelve *apt]s1 & x is writt5 9     
pleasantly modulat$ p5tamet]s4  ,! /ory 
is ( ! life ( a "y squire1 :o 0 on !    
po9t ( decl>+ himself a ,"y ,irel&] 9 8 
y\?4 ,8 gu>dian1 to cut ! folly %ort1   
s5t him incont95tly to ,cambridge1 !nce 
to ! cont95t4 ,he returns to ,irel& 9 8 
tw5ty-six? ye>1 & f9ds ! population     
decimat$ by ! fam9e1 & agitat$ by       
agr>ian conspiracy4 ,! neighbor+ g5try  
are b5t1 z conacre has ceas$ to pay1 on 
supplant+ ! population by cattle4 ,!    
population suppurates into secret       
societies4 ,laur5ce ,bloomfield1 long   
revolv+ ! difficulties ( 8 lot1 &       
abhorr+ pretty equally ! crimes ( ea*   
class aga9/ ! o!r--det]m9$1 moreov]1 to 
be nei!r ext]m9ator1 demagogue1 nor     
abs5tee--resolves to live among ! p ( 8 
e/ate l a mod]n patri>*1 & see :at      

pati5ce1 k9dness1 a good und]/&+1 &     
enlight5$ managem5t may be able to      
effect4 ,he ext+ui%es ! ,ribbon lodge1  
fa/5s 8 t5antry by equitable leases to !
 glebe1 & gradually f9ds 9 ! managem5t (
 8 e/ate a c>e] ( easy1 pleasant1 & ev5 
prosp]\s p[]4 ,9 ! c\rse ( t5 ye>s1     
,lisnamoy has become an ,iri% ,arcadia1 
& ,mr4 ,all+ham's hone/ muse rises      
accord+ly to s+ a h]o ev5 m memorable 9 
8 way ?an ! ,man ( ,ross4  ,bloomfield  
fir/ promulgates 8 peculi> views (      
t]ritorial adm9i/ration at a d9n] ( 8   
l&lord neighbors 9 ,lisnamoy ,h\se1 :]e 
! :olesale eviction ( ! t5antry ( a l>ge
 neighbor+ di/rict is propos$ on ! plea 
t--        ,?is c\ntry sorely ne$s   ,a 
quick] cle>ance ( its human we$s2   ,b  
/ill ! prop] sy/em is begun1   ,& =ty   
hold+s we %all *ange to "o4             
,bloomfield 8 inexp]i5ce mu* confess$1  
,d\bts if ! l>ge dispeopl$ f>ms be      
be/1--   ,be/ 9 a wide s5se1 be/ = all !
 _w   7,at ?is expression sundry lips 7 
curl'd71--   ,i wi% b "k n h[ ea*       

peasant's h&   ,might "w1 nay1 hope to  
w91 a %>e ( l&2   ,= own]%ip1 h[ev]     
small x be1   ,bre$s dilig5ce1 cont5t1 &
 loyalty1   ,& tirelessly compels !     
rude/ field1   ,in* aft] in*1 its v mo/ 
to yield4   ,weal? might its true       
pr]ogatives reta92   ,& no man lose1 &  
all m5 greatly ga94  ,x is f !          
ill-conceal$ contempt ( 8 class = su*   
?\ghts z ^!1 t ,bloomfield's resolution 
to rema9 9 ,irel& & adm9i/] 8 own e/ate 
arises4  ,! /ory1 z x is evolv$1 pres5ts
 "s *>m+ sket*es ( "*4 ,h>dly ev5       
,c>leton has del9eat$ s admirably !     
nature & habits ( ! ,iri% peasant family
 z ,mr4 ,all+ham has done 9 8 picture ( 
! ,dorans4 ,h[ easy & natural1 =        
example1 is ! portrait ( ,bridget       
,doran3    ,mild oval face1 a freckle "h
 & !re1   ,cle> eyes1 broad =ehead1 d>k 
abundant hair1   ,pure placid look t    
%['d a g5tle nature1   ,firm1           
unp]plex'd1 7 h]s2 ! maid5's /ature     
,graceful arose1 & /rong1 to middle     
height1   ,) fair r\nd arms1 & foot/ep  

free & light2   ,%e 0 n %[y1 %e 0 always
 neat   ,9 e ge/ure1 native & complete1 
,dislik+ noise1 yet nei!r dull nor      
slack1   ,c\ld ?r[ a ru/ic bant] briskly
 back1   ,res]v$ b ready1 innoc5tly     
%rewd1--   ,9 brief1 a *>m+ fl[] (      
womanhood4  #dgh  ,! occasional sket*es 
( ,iri% sc5]y are also v vividly outl9$4
 ,?is ( ,l\gh ,braccan is n p]haps !    
be/1 b x is ! mo/ easily deta*$ f !     
text3    ,among ^? m\nta9 skirts a      
league away1   ,l\gh ,braccan spread1 ) 
_m a silv] bay   ,& islet gre52 a d>k   
cliff1 tall & bold1   ,half-muffl$ 9 its
 cloak ( ivy old1   ,ba/ion$ ! s\!rn    
br9k1 beside a gl51   ,:]e bir* & hazel 
hid ! badg]'s d51   ,& ?r\gh ! moi/ f]ns
 & firm hollies play'd   ,a rapid       
rivulet1 f light to %ade4   ,above !    
gl51 & wood1 & cliff1 0 se51            
,maje/ically simple & s]5e1   ,l "s     
great s\l above ! v>i\s cr[d1   ,a      
purple m\nta9-top1 at times 9 cl\d   ,or
 mi/1 z 9 cele/ial veils ( ?\ght1       
,ab/ract$ heav5w>d4  ,we may give ano!r 

specim5 ( ,mr4 ,all+ham's p[] (         
del9eation1 :i* %[s t he has /udi$ ,iri%
 c\ntry life z well z ,iri% sc5]y &     
,iri% physiognomy4    ,mud hovels fr+e !
 fair gre5 ( ?is t[n1   ,a spot misnam$1
 at e season br[n1   ,o'erspread )      
c\ntless man & bea/ to-day1   ,:i*      
bell[1 squeak1 & %\t1 bleat1 bray1 &    
neigh4   ,! jobb]s !re ea* m or less a  
rogue1   ,noisy or smoo?1 ) ea* 8 v>i\s 
brogue1   ,cool1 wiry ,dubl91           
,connaught's gold5 m\?1   ,blunt nor!rn1
 pla9tive s+-song ( ! s\?1   ,feel      
cattle's ribs1 or jaws ( horses try4    
,= tru?1 s9ce m5's are v sure to lie1   
,& %un1 ) p>ry+ bl[ & practis$ he$1   ,!
 ru%+ horns1 ! wildly pranc+ /e$4   ,!  
moi/5$ p5ny greets ) s\nd+ smack   ,!   
rugg$ palm1 :i* smites ! greet+ back2   
,oa?s fly1 ! b>ga9 l a qu>rel burns1    
,& (t ! buy] turns1 & (t returns3   ,n[ 
m+le ,sass5a* & ,gaelic tongue2   ,on   
ei!r side are sl[ concessions wrung2    
,an anxi\s audi5ce int]f]e2 at la/   ,! 
sale is clos$1 & :isky b9ds x fa/1   ,9 

case ( quilt+ ^u ozi]s b5t1   ,) _m an  
anci5t pat* & breezy r5t4  ,?is is z    
true a picture 9 its way z ,mdlle4 ,rosa
 ,bonheur's ,horse-fair4  ,mr4 ,aubrey  
de ,v]e's ,inisfail comes la/ on our    
li/1 b c]ta9ly n lea/ 9 our e/imation4  
,no poet ( ,"y ,irel& has l him seiz$ & 
brea!d ! _s ( 8 c\ntry's ,ca?olic       
nationality1 its virg9al purity ( fai?1 
its inv9cible pati5ce ( hope1 & all !   
g5tle sweetness ( its *>ity4 ,"y ,irel& 
r /udi$ ! m>tial muse1 & t ) an av[$    
purpose4 ,! ,iri% h>p1 said ,davis1 too 
mu* loves to weep4 ,let u1 :ile our     
/r5g? is great & our hopes high1        
cultivate its bold] /ra9s1 its rag+ &   
rejoic+2 or if we weep1 let x be l m5 ^:
 eyes are lift$ ?\gh _! te>s fall4 ,mr4 
de ,v]e has tri$ e mood ( ! native lyre1
 & prov$ himself ma/] ( all4 ,8         
,inisfail is a ballad *ronicle ( ,irel&1
 su* z ,"y ,irel& w\ld h ?\ght to be a  
wor?y result ( all its tal5ts1 & su* z1 
9 fact1 ,mr4 ,duffy at "o "t propos$4 ,b
 x mu/ be said t its h]oic ballads are n

 equal to ^? ( ,"y ,irel&4 ,"s "o said (
 a v f9i%$1 b occasionally frigid1 ,iri%
 speak]1 fifte5 ye>s ago1 t he spoke l  
,%eil ) ! *ill on4 ,a few ( ,mr4 de     
,v]e's ballads h ! same effect ( ,"y    
,irel& ) ! *ill on4 ,!y want ! v]ve1 !  
gl[1 ! en]gy1 ! resonance1 :i* belong to
 ! be/ ballads ( ,! ,_s ( ! ,nation4 ,( 
! writ]s ( t "t1 ,mr4 ,d',arcy ,mc,gee  
is p]haps1 on ! :ole1 ! mo/ k9dr$ g5ius 
to 84 ,mr4 de ,v]e has an insight into  
all ! p]iods ( ,iri% hi/ory 9 _! mo/    
poetical expression :i* ,mr4 ,mc,gee    
alone ( 8 comrades seems to h equally   
possess$4 ,inde$1 if ,mr4 ,me ,gee's    
poems 7 all collect$ & *ronologically   
arrang$--z x is to be hop$ !y may be "s 
day soon--x w\ld be f\nd t he _h        
unconsci\sly & desultorily trav]s$ v    
ne>ly ! same complete ext5t ( gr\nd t   
,mr4 de ,v]e has sy/ematically &        
delib]ately gone ov]4 ,b ?\gh no "o has 
writt5 m nobly ( ! dimly glori\s ,celtic
 ages1 & _m ( 8 battle-ballads are      
in/9ct ) life1 & wond]fully picturesque1

 x is easy to see t ,mr4 ,mc,gee's be/  
desire 0 to foll[ ! foot/eps ( ! e>ly   
sa9ts1 & ! ,via ,dolorosa ( ! p]iod ( ! 
p5al laws4 ,^!1 #dgi too1 are ! passages
 ov] :i* ,mr4 de ,v]e's g5ius mo/ loves 
to brood1 & 8 prevail+ view ( ,irel& is 
! sup]natural view ( h] de/9y to c>ry ! 
cross & spread ! fai?4 ,"y ,irel& wrote 
its bold1 brilliant ballads z a "p ( !  
education ( ! new nationality t x       
believ$ 0 gr[+ up1 & de/9$ to take      
possession ( ! isl&--a nationality t1 to
 use ,davis's words aga91 mu/ conta9 &  
repres5t all ! races ( ,irel&4 ,x mu/ n 
be ,celtic2 x mu/ n be ,saxon2 x mu/ be 
,iri%4 ,! ,brehon law & ! maxims (      
,we/m9/]1 ! cl\dy & lightn+ g5ius ( !   
,gael1 ! placid /r5g? ( ! ,saxon1 !     
m>%all+ insight ( ! ,norman2 a lit]ature
 :i* %all exhibit 9 comb9ation !        
passions & idioms ( all1 & :i* %all     
equally express our m9d1 9 its romantic1
 its religi\s1 its =5sic1 & its         
practical t5d5cies4 ,f9ally1 a native   
gov]nm5t1 :i* %all "k & rule by ! might 

& "r ( all1 yet yield to ! arrogance (  
none2--^! are ! compon5ts ( su* a       
nationality4 ,& su* 0 ! dream t seem$ an
 easy ev5tuality tw5ty ye>s ago4 ,b ,mr4
 de ,v]e writes aft] ! fam9e & 9 view ( 
! exodus4 ,8 m9d goes f ! pres5t to !   
pa/ by ages ( sorr[--( sorr[1 nev]!less1
 illum9$1 nurtur$1 & su/a9$ by div9e    
fai? & ! liv+ pres5ce ( ! ,*ur*4 ,s 9 ! 
mo/ beautiful poem ( ?is volume1 he sees
 ! :ole ,iri% race c>ry+ an inn]        
spiritual life ?r\gh all _! tribulation 
9 ! guise ( a great religi\s ord] ( :i* 
,engl& is ! f\ndress1 & ! rules are     
writt5 9 ! /atute-book4 ,we _c select a 
bett] specim5 ( ! ?or\gh ,ca?olic tone (
 ,mr4 de ,v]e's g5ius1 & ( ! vivid p[] &
 f9i%$ grace ( 8 poetry1 ?an ?is3       
,!re is an ord] by a nor!rn sea     ,f> 
9 ! we/1 ( rule & life m /rict   ,?an t 
:i* ,basil re>'d 9 ,galilee1     ,9     
,egypt ,paul1 9 ,umbria ,b5$ict4        
,discalc$ x walks2 a /ony l& ( tombs1   
,a /range ,petraea ( late days1 x       
treads6   ,)9 its c\rt no high-toss$    

c5s] fumes2     ,! night-ra9 beats its  
cells1 ! w9d its b$s4    ,be=e its eyes 
no brass-b\nd1 blazon'd tome            
,reflects ! spl5dor ( a lamp high hung3 
,k is bani%'d f h] e>lie/ home     ,l   
weal?3 x :isp]s psalms t once x sung4   
,x is n b\nd by ! v[ celibate1     ,le/1
 ?r\gh its ceas+1 angui% too might      
cease2   ,9 sorr[ x br+s =?2 & dea? &   
fate     ,wat* at life's gate1 & ti! !  
unripe increase4    ,x we>s n !         
,franciscan's %elt]+ g[n2     ,! cord t 
b9ds x is ! /rang]s *a92   ,sc>ce se5 = 
scorn1 9 fields ( old r5[n     ,x breaks
 ! clod2 ano!r reaps ! gra94    ,ye>    
aft] ye> x fa/s2 ea* ?ird or f\r?     ,s
 fa/s t common fa/s to x are fea/2   ,!n
 ( its bre?r5 _m 9 ! e>?     ,are laid  
unrequiem'd l ! m\nta9 bea/4    ,:]e are
 its cloi/]s8 ,:]e ! felon sleeps6      
,:]e its novitiate8 ,:]e ! la/ wolf di$6
   ,f sea to sea its vigil long x       
keeps--     ,/]n f\ndress6 is its rule n
 mortifi$8    ,?\ t ha/ laid s _m an    
ord] wa/e1     ,a nation is ?9e ord]6 ,x

 0 ?9e   ,wide z a realm t ord]'s se$ to
 ca/1     ,& undisp5s$ su/a9 its        
discipl9e6  ,x is ano!r curi\s          
illu/ration ( ! ,hib]nis ipsis ,hib]nior
 t a de ,v]e1 :o is1 moreov]1 ( ! ca/e (
 ,v]e de ,v]e1 %\ld h s intimate a      
compreh5sion ( ! ,celtic _s z is (t5 %[n
 9 ^! poems1 especially 9 ! use ( ^?    
allegories :i* are s *>act]i/ic ( !     
p]iod ( p]secution1 & 9 "s ( 8 metres t 
appe> to be in/9ct ) ! v melody ( !     
olde/ ,iri% music4 ,"h1 inde$1 we seem  
to ta/e1 9 a c]ta9 vague & dreamy       
s5sation1 :i* ! m]e murmur ( su* v]ses  
ev5 )\t /rict ref]5ce to ! words        
produces1 all ! *>m ( :i* t anci5t      
poetry might h be5 capable1 if x 7 /ill 
cultivat$ 9 a language ( liv+           
civilization4 ,sev]al ( ^! poems1 if    
translat$ into ,iri% v]se1 w\ld probably
 pass back )\t ! *ange ( an idiom--s    
completely ,celtic is ! :ole conception 
( ! language4 ,! dirges1 = example1     
appe> on a fir/ read+ to be only ,engli%
 v]sions ( ,iri% poems belong+ to ! "t (

 ! ,jacobites & ! ,brigade--until1 z we 
exam9e m c>efully1 we obs]ve t !        
allegory is #dhj wr\ght out ) all ! f9i%
 ( m mod]n art1 & t ! metaphors are     
br\ght into a m j int]-dep5d5ce ?an !   
native b>d usually ?\ght necess>y4  ,!  
t5d]ness t approa*es to a sort ( wor%ip 
( ,irel& "u ! poetical p]sonification ( 
a "m wail+ = h] *ildr51 aga9 & aga9     
breaks out 9 ,mr4 de ,v]e's v]se2 & 9   
all ! range ( ,iri% poetry x is n[h]e m 
exquisitely express$4 ,! solemn beauty (
 ! foll[+ v]ses is l t ( "s ( ^? e>lie/ 
( ! melodies1 ^: long l9es1 ) _! curi\s 
rippl+ rhy?m1 7 evid5tly meant =        
recitation z well z = musical effect3   
,9 ! night1 9 ! night1 ,o my c\ntry1 !  
/ream calls out f af>2     ,s swells ?y 
voice ?r\gh ! ages1 sonor\s & va/2   ,9 
! night1 9 ! night1 ,o my c\ntry1 cle>  
fla%es ! />3     ,s fla%es on me ?y face
 ?r\gh ! gloom ( ! pa/4    ,i sleep n2  
,i wat*3 9 bl[s ! w9d ice-w+'d &        
ice-f+]$3     ,my =ehead x cools &      
slakes ! fire 9 my brea/2   ,?\gh x     

sighs o'er ! pla9s :]e (t ?9e exiles    
look'd back1 & long l+]$1     ,& !      
graves :]e ?y fami%'d lie dumb & ?9e    
outca/s f9d re/4  ,h>dly less sad1 b 9 s
 diff]5t a _s z to af=d a contra/ t br+s
 u to a fair measure ( ! v>iety ( ,mr4  
de ,v]e's p[]s1 is a poem ( ! days ( !  
brigade4 ,! wife ( "o ( ! soldi]s :o    
foll[$ ,s>sfield to ,france aft] !      
capitulation ( ,lim]ick1 & ent]$ ! ,iri%
 brigade ( ,l\is ,,xiv41 is suppos$1    
sitt+ by ! banks ( ! ,%annon1 to speak3 
,riv] t ?r\gh ?is purple pla9   ,toile/ 
7once r$d]7 to ! ma91   ,g1 kiss = me ! 
banks ( ,se9e6    ,tell him ,i lov$1 &  
love = aye1   ,t 8 ,i am ?\gh f> away-- 
,m 8 ?an on ! m>riage-day4    ,tell him 
?y fl[]s = him ,i tw9e   ,:5 fir/ ! sl[ 
sad morn+s %9e   ,9 ?y dim glass2 = he  
is m9e4    ,tell him :5 ev5+'s te>ful   
light   ,ba!s ^? d>k t[]s on ,aughrim's 
height1   ,!re :]e he f\ght1 9 he>t1 ,i 
fight4    ,a freeman's bann] o'er him   
waves6   ,s be x6 ,i b t5d ! graves     
,:]e freem5 sleep ^: sons are slaves4   

,tell him ,i nurse 8 noble race1   ,nor 
weep save o'er "o sleep+ face   ,:]e9 ^?
 looks ( 8 ,i trace4    ,= him my beads 
,i c\nt :5 falls   ,moonbeam or %[] at  
int]vals   ,^u our burn'd & black5'd    
walls3    ,& bless him6 bless ! bold    
brigade--   ,may ,god g ) !m1 horse &   
blade1   ,= fai?'s def5se1 & ,irel&'s   
aid6  ,"h ! abrupt transition ( tone 9 !
 la/ v]se f ! subdu$ melan*oly ( ^? :i* 
prec$e x is v f9e & v ,iri%4 ,"o c fancy
 ! wid[$ wife1 9 all h] desolation1     
/>t+1 ev5 f h] beads1 z %e ?9ks ( ,"l   
,cl>e's dragoons com+ d[n on ! enemy )  
_! ,viva la = ,irel&'s wrong6  ,tw5ty   
ye>s h n[ pass$ s9ce ,! ,_s ( ! ,nation 
gave "s glimpses ( ! m9e ( poetry !n    
lat5t 9 ! ,iri% m9d4 ,9 #ahde ,mr4      
,gavan ,duffy publi%$ 8 ,ballad ,poetry 
( ,irel&--a book :i* _h ! l>ge/ sale (  
any publi%$ 9 ,irel& s9ce ! union &     
probably ! wide/ influ5ce4 ,^u ?is      
common & neutral gr\nd ,orange-man &    
,ribbon-man1 ,tory1 & ,nationali/1 7    
p]=ce br\ght into h>moni\s contact2 & ,!

 ,boyne ,wat] lo/ half its virus z a    
political psalm :5 x 0 embalm$ side by  
side ) ! ,wild ,geese or ,willy ,reilly4
 ,beh9d ! produce ( 8 own imm$iate      
p]iod1 ,mr4 ,duffy1 9 arrang+ 8         
mat]ials1 c\ld only f9d a few ballads by
 ,moore1 a few by ,g]ald ,griff91 a few 
by ,banim1 ,callanan1 ,furlong1 &       
,dr5nan1 t c\ld be acc\nt$ legitimate   
ballad poetry4 ,! re/ 0 fa/ cropp+ up   
:ile he 0 actually compil+ 8 collection1
 "u ! hot brea? ( ! ,national movem5t1 9
 a lavi% & luxuriant gr[?4 ,?is impulse 
seems to h sp5t itself "s ye>s ago4     
,any?+ ( real m]it 9 ! way ( ,iri%      
poetry does n n[ appe> 9 p]iodical      
lit]ature m ?an once or twice 9 a ye>2 &
 ,mr4 ,?omas ,irw9 is ! only rec5t writ]
 ^: v]se may fairly be nam$ 9 ! same    
brea? ) t :i* we h n[ notic$4 ,a ri*    
grace & f9i% ( #dha expression1 a mo/   
qua9t & delicate humor1 & a f9e-pois$   
aptness ( phrase1 di/+ui% 8 poetry1 :i* 
is m accord+ to ! ta/e t ,mr4 ,t5nyson  
has e/abli%$ 9 ,engl& ?an t ( any ,iri% 

writ] ( ! day4  ,iri% poetry seems n[1  
!re=e1 to h pass$ into a new & m advanc$
 /age ( developm5t4 ,"h are f\r volumes1
 by f\r sep>ate writ]s1 ( poems1 old &  
new--all publi%$ )9 a ye>2 & all1 we    
believe1 decid$ly successful1 & 9       
satisfactory c\rse ( sale4 ,mr4 ,flor5ce
 ,mac,carthy's poems _h previ\sly gone  
?r\gh sev]al editions1 & won endur+     
fame--p]haps m widely spread 9 ,am]ica  
?an ev5 at home1 on acc\nt ( a quality  
some:at k9dr$ to ! peculi> g5ius ( ! be/
 ,am]ican poets1 & especially           
,longfell[1 ,poe1 & ,irv+1 t ! read] w  
readily recognize 9 8 f9ely-f9i%$ & mo/ 
melodi\s v]se4 ,nor %\ld we omit to     
m5tion1 9 catalogu+ ! libr>y ( rec5t    
,iri% poets1 ,! ,monks ( ,kilcrea1 a    
long romantic poem 9 ! /yle ( ,! ,lady (
 ! ,lake1 :i* conta9s _m a passage t    
,scott might own1 b ( :i* ! writ] rema9s
 unkn[n4 ,?us ,iri% national poetry is  
accumulat+1 z x 71 9 /rata4 ,mr4 ,duffy 
set on ! title-page ( 8 ,ballad ,poetry 
! ,iri% motto1 ,bolg an dana1 :i* n all 

8 read]s cle>ly und]/ood2 b :i*1 to all 
:o did1 seem$ extremely appropriate at !
 "t4 ,?is man1 say ! ,f\r ,ma/]s1 speak+
 ( a great b>d ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 0    
call$ ! ,bolg an dana1 :i* signifies t  
he 0 a common budget ( poetry4 ,& ?is 0 
all t ,mr4 ,duffy's ,ballad ,poetry     
pr(ess$ to be4 ,b :at 0 only a budget ( 
desultory jetsam & flotsam 9 #ahde is   
tak+ ! %ape ( a solid lit]ature 9 #ahfe2
 & ^? tw5ty gold5 ye>s h at all ev5ts   
be5 well fill$ ) ranks ( rhyme4  ----   
#dhb  ,f ,! ,mon?4  ,,con/ance ,,%]wood4
   ,,an ,,autobiography ,,( ,,!         
,,sixte5? ,,c5tury4   ,,by ,,lady       
,,georgiana ,,full]ton4   ,,*apt]       
,,viii4  ,aft] ,i _h be5 mus+ a little  
:ile1 ,mi/ress ,bess ran into ! room1 & 
cri$ to "s "o beh9d h]3  ,nan's fri5d is
 "h1 & %e is m9e too1 = we all play$ 9 a
 g>d5 ) h] :5 ,i 0 little4 ,pri!e1 come 
& see h]4 ,!n turn+ to me1 b yet hold+ !
 h&le ( ! door1 %e said3 ,w is s        
unmann]ly1 ,i be a%am$ ( him4 ,he w n s 
mu* z %[ himself4  ,!n1 pri!e1 come     

alone1 ,i answ]$4 ,^u :i* %e came & sat 
on my knee1 ) h] arm r\nd my neck1 &    
:isp]$ 9 m9e e>3  ,moll is v sick       
to-day2 w y n see h]1 ,mi/ress ,%]wood8 
,yea1 if s be ,i h lic5se1 ,i answ]$2 & 
%e1 tak+ me by ! h&1 (f]$ to lead me up 
! /airs to ! room :]e %e lay4 ,i1 foll[+
 h]1 came to ! door ( ! *amb]1 b w\ld n 
ent] till ,bess fet*$ ! nurse1 :o 0 !   
same _h be5 at ,%]wood ,hall1 & :o1 kn[+
 my "n1 0 glad to see me1 & ) a curtsey 
invit$ me 94 ,:ite z a lily 0 ! little  
face re/+ on a pill[1 ) its blue eyes   
half %ut1 & a /ore ( gold5 hair ab\t x1 
:i* m9d$ me ( ! glories r\nd angels'    
heads 9 my "m's missal4  ,sweet lamb6   
quo? ! nurse1 z ,i /oop$ to kiss ! pale 
=ehead4 ,%e be too good = ?is _w4       
,(ttimes %e do? babble 9 h] sleep (     
heav51 & angels1 & sa9ts1 & a wrea? (   
:ite roses :]e) a bright lady w cr[n h]4
  ,kiss my lips1 ! sick *ild s(tly      
:isp]$1 z ,i b5t ov] h] b$4 ,:i* :5 ,i  
did1 %e ask$1 ,:at is y\r "n8 ,i m9d y\r
 face4 ,:5 ,i answ]$1 ,con/ance ,%]wood1

 %e smil$1 z if rememb]+ :]e we _h met4 
,i he>d my gr&am call+ me la/ night1 %e 
said2 ,i be go+ to h] soon4 ,!n a fit ( 
pa9 came on1 & ,i _h to leave h]4 ,%e   
did g f ?is _w a few days aft]2 & !     
nurse !n told me h] la/ words _h be5    
,jesu6 ,m>y6  ,t day ,i did conv]se aga9
 alone ) my ,lady ,surrey aft] d9n]1 &  
walk$ 9 ! g>d52 & :5 we came 91 be=e ,i 
left1 %e gave me a purse ) "s gold      
pieces 9 x1 :i* ! e>l h] husb& will$ to 
be/[ on ,ca?olics 9 prison = _! fai?4 ,=
 %e said he _h s t5d] & compassionate a 
_s1 t if he did b he> ( "o 9 di/ress he 
w\ld nev] re/ until he _h reliev$ him2 &
 out ( ! affection he _h = ,mr4 ,m>t91  
:o 0 "o :ile 8 tutor1 he 0 favorably    
incl9$ t[>d ,ca?olics1 albeit himself   
resolv$ to con=m to ! que5's religion4  
,:5 ,mi/ress ,w>d came = me1 ! c\ntess  
w\ld h h] %[n into h] *amb]1 & w\ld n be
 cont5t$ )\t %e ord]$ h] coa* to c>ry u 
back to ,holborn1 t we might take ) u ! 
clo!s & cordials :i* %e did be/[ ^u u = 
our poor cli5ts4 ,%e begg$ ,mrs4 ,w>d's 

pray]s = 8 grace1 t he might soon be set
 at lib]ty2 = %e said 9 a pretty mann]1 
,x mu/ ne$s be t ,almighty ,god takes   
mo/ he$ ( ! pray]s ( #dhc su* z visit   
him 9 8 affliction 9 ! p]son ( poor     
prison]s2 & %e hop$ "o day to be free to
 d s h]self4 ,!n %e que/ion$ ( ! wants (
 ^? ,mi/ress ,w>d _h at t "t k (2 & :5  
%e he>d 9 :at sore plight !y /ood1 x did
 move h] to s great compassion1 t %e    
decl>$ x w\ld be n[ "o ( h] *iefe/ c>es 
& pleasures 9 life to provide conv5i5ces
 = !m4 ,& %e bes\ght ,mi/ress ,w>d to be
 a good fri5d to h] ) m9e aunt1 &       
procure h] to p]mit ( my frequ5t visits 
to ,h[>d ,h\se1 z ! ,*>t] ,h\se is n[   
(t5 call$3 :i* w\ld be ! greate/ good %e
 c\ld d h]2 & t %e w\ld be mo/ glad also
 if %e h]self w\ld likewise favor h]    
sometimes ) h] company2 :i*1 if x be n =
 m9e own sake1 ,mi/ress ,w>d1 %e sweetly
 said1 let x be = 8 sake :o1 9 ! p]son (
 8 afflict$ prie/s1 do? ne$ assi/ance4  
,:5 we rea*$ home1 we hid :at we _h     
br\ght "u our mantles1 & !n 9 ,mi/ress  

,w>d's *amb]1 :]e ,muriel foll[$ u4 ,:5 
! door 0 %ut we display$ ^! jewell$     
/ores be=e h] pleas$ eyes1 :i* did beam 
) joy at ! sight4  ,ah1 ,muriel1 cri$   
,mi/ress ,w>d1 we h f\nd an ,e/h] 9 a   
palace2 & ,i pray to ,god !re may be o!r
 su* 9 ?is t[n we k5 n (1 :o 9 secret d 
yet be> affection to ! anci5t fai?4     
,muriel said 9 h] sl[ way3 ,we mu/ ne$s 
g to ! ,cl9k to-morr[2 = !re is !re a   
prie/ ^: fle% has fall5 (f 8 feet by    
reason ( 8 long /ay 9 a pe/]$ & infect$ 
dungeon4 ,mr4 ,rop] told my fa!r ( him1 
& he says ! gaol] w let u 9 if he be    
reasonably dealt )4  ,we w essay y\r    
o9tm5t1 ,mi/ress ,%]wood1 said ,mi/ress 
,w>d1 if s be y c make x 9 "t4  ,i c>e n
 if ,i sit up all night1 ,i cri$1 if any
 "o w buy me ! h]bs ,i h ne$ ( = !      
comp\nd+ !re(4 ,:i* ,muriel said %e w\ld
 prevail on "o ( ! s]vants to d4  ,!    
bell did !n r+ = supp]2 & :5 we 7 all   
seat$1 ,kate 0 urg5t ) me = to tell h]  
h[ my ,lady ,surrey 0 dress$2 :i* ,i    
decl>$ to h] z foll[s3 ,%e _h on a br[n 

ju/e au corps embroid]$1 ) puff$        
sleeves1 & petticoat braid$ ( a deep]   
nuance2 & on h] head a lace cap1 & a    
lace h&k]*ief on h] bosom4  ,&1 pri!e1  
:at jewels _h %e on1 sweet coz8  ,a long
 d\ble *a9 ( gold & a broo* ( pe>ls1 ,i 
answ]$4  ,& 8 grace ( ,norfolk is once m
 remov$ to ! ,t[]1 said ,mr4 ,congleton 
sorr[fully4 ',tis l to kill him soon1 & 
s save h] maje/y's m9i/]s ! pa9s to br+ 
him to ! block4 ,8 physician1 ,dr4      
,rhu5beck1 says he is afflict$ ) !      
dropsy4  ,polly said %e _h be5 to visit 
! ,c\ntess ( ,nor?umb]l&1 :o 0 s        
griev\sly afflict$ at h] husb&'s dea?1 t
 x 0 fe>$ %e w\ld fall sick ( grief if  
%e _h n company to div]t h] f h] sad    
?\ghts4  ,:i* ,i w>rant none c\ld effect
 s well z !e1 w5*1 h] fa!r said2 =1     
be%rew me1 if ?\ w\ld/ n make a man     
laugh on 8 way to ! scaffold ) ?y mad   
talk4 ,& 0 ! poor lady ( bett] *e] = ?y 
company8  ,yea1 = m9e1 ,polly answ]$2 or
 else = ,m4 de la ,motte's1 :o came 9 to
 pay 8 devoirs to h]1 = ! fir/ "t1 ,i   

take x1 s9ce h] "l's dea?4 ,& aft] 8    
fir/ spee*1 :i* caus$ h] to weep a      
little1 he did c>ry on s brisk a        
disc\rse z ,i nev] notic$ any b a       
,fr5*man able to d4 ,& %e 0 n ! wor/    
pleas$ ) x t ! cunn+ g5tleman did       
int]weave x ) anecdotes ( ! que5's      
maje/y2 :i*1 albeit he relat$ !m )      
gravity1 did c>ry some:at ( ridicule 9  
!m4 ,su* z ( h] grace's danc+ on ,sunday
 be=e la/ at ,"l ,nor?ampton's w$d+1 &  
call+ him to witness #dhd h] paces1 s t 
he might let monsieur "k h[ high &      
dispos$ly %e danc$2 s t he w\ld n h _h  
cause to compla91 9 case he _h m>ri$ h]1
 t %e 0 a boiteuse1 z _h be5 malici\sly 
report$ ( h] by ! fri5ds ( ! ,que5 (    
,scots4 ,& also h[1 "s days s9ce1 %e _h 
flam$ out 9 great *ol] :5 he w5t to     
visit h] at ,hampton ,c\rt2 & told him1 
s l\d t all h] ladies & (fic]s c\ld he> 
h] disc\rse1 t ,"l ,nor? _h let h] "k ! 
que5-"m & ! ,duke ( ,guise _h dress$ up 
a buffoon 9 an ,engli% fa%ion1 & call$  
him a ,milor du ,nord2 & t two female   

dw>fs _h be5 likewise dress$ up 9 t     
que5's *amb]1 & invit$ to mimic h]1 !   
que5 ( ,engl&1 ) great d]ision & mock]y4
 ',i did assure h]1' ,m4 de la ,motte   
said1 ') my h& on my he>t1 & su* an     
aggriev$ visage1 t %e mu/ ne$s h accept$
 my words z true1 t ,milor ,nor? _h     
mi/ak5 ! :ole int5t ( :at he _h         
witness$1 f 8 great ignorance ( ! ,fr5* 
tongue1 :i* did r5d] him a bad int]pret]
 betwe5 pr9ces2 = t ! que5-"m did nev]  
cease to praise h] ,engli% maje/y's     
beauty to h] son1 & all h] good         
qualities1 :i* greatly appeas$ h] grace1
 :o desir$ to be excus$ if %e1 likewise 
out ( ignorance ( ! ,fr5* language1 _h  
said aught unbecom+ t\*+ ! que5-"m4'    
',tis a r>e di% ( fun1 fit to set be=e a
 k+1 to he> ?is ,monsieur ,ambassador   
speak ( ! que5 :5 none are pres5t b su* 
z make an idol ( h]1 z "s d4  ,= my "p1 
said h] fa!r1 :5 %e paus$ 9 h] spee*1 ,i
 mislike m5 ) d\ble visages & d\ble     
tongues2 & me?9ks ?is monse] ha? bo?1 & 
)al a r>e art = :at c\rti]s d call      

diplomacy1 & pla9 m5 ly+4 ,8 spee*es to 
h] maje/y be s fulsome 9 h] praise1 z ,i
 h he>d "s say :o are at c\rt1 & 8      
flatt]y s palpable1 t !y h be5 a%am$ to 
he> x2 b beh9d h] back he do? disclose  
h] fail+s ) an admirable slyness4  ,if  
he be sly1 answ]$ ,polly1 ,i'll w>rant  
he f9ds 8 mat* 9 h] maje/y4  ,yea1 cri$ 
,kate1 ev5 z poor ,madge ,arundell      
exp]i5c$ to h] co/4  ,ay1 quo? ,polly1  
%e cat*e? _m poor fi%1 :o little "k :at 
sn>e is laid = !m4  ,& h[ did h]        
highness cat* ,mi/ress ,arundell8 ,i    
ask$4  ,9 ?is way1 coz1 quo? ,polly3 %e 
do? (t5 ask ! ladies r\nd h] *amb]1 ',if
 !y love to ?9k ( m>riage8' & ! wise    
ones d conceal well _! lik+ !reunto1    
kn[+ ! que5's judgm5t 9 ! matt]4 ,b     
pretty1 simple ,madge ,arundell1 n kn[+ 
s deeply z h] fell[s1 0 ask$ "o day     
h]e(1 & said1 ',%e _h ?\ght mu* ab\t    
m>riage1 if h] fa!r did cons5t to ! man 
%e lov$4' ',y seem hone/1 i' fait said !
 que52 ',i w sue = y y\r fa!r4' ,at :i* 
! dam 0 well pleas$2 & :5 fa!r1 ,sir    

,rob]t ,arundell1 came c\rt1 ! que5     
que/ion$ him 8 daught]'s m>riage1 &     
press$ him to give cons5t if ! mat* 7   
discreet4 ,sir ,rob]t1 mu* a/oni%$1     
said1 ',he nev] _h he>d 8 daught] _h    
lik+ to any man2 b he w\ld give 8 free  
cons5t to :at 0 mo/ pleas+ to h]        
highness's w & cons5t4' ,!n ,i w d !    
re/1' sai? ! que54 ,poor ,madge 0 call$ 
91 & told by ! que5 t h] fa!r _h giv5 8 
free cons5t4 ',!n1' repli$ ! simple "o1 
',i %all be happy1 an' x please y\r     
grace4' ',s ?\ %alt2 b n to be a fool & 
m>ry1' said ! que54 ',i h 8 cons5t giv5 
to me1 & ,i v[ ?\ %alt nev] get x 9 ?y  
possession4 ,s g-to ab\t ?y bus9ess4 ,i 
see ?\ art a bold "o to own ?y          
fooli%ness s readily4'  ,ah me6 cri$    
,kate1 ,i be glad n to be a maid to h]  
maje/y2 = ,i w\ld n "k h[ to answ] h]   
#dhe grace if %e %\ld ask me a l "q2 =  
if x be bold to say "o ha? a reasonable 
desire to be m>ri$1 ,i mu/ ne$s be bold 
!n1 = ,i w\ld n = two ?\s& p\nds break  
,mr4 ,lacy's he>t2 & he sai? he w die if

 ,i d n m>ry him4 ,b1 ,polly1 ?\ w\ld/  
nev] be at a loss to answ] h] maje/y4   
,no m ?an ,pace h] fool1 quo? ,polly1   
:o1 :5 %e said1 z he ent]$ ! room1 ',n[ 
we %all he> ( our faults1' cri$ out1    
',:]e is ! use ( speak+ ( :at all ! t[n 
do? talk (8'  ,! fool %\ld h be5 :ipp$1 
,mi/ress ,w>d said4  ,= 8 wisdom1 or = 8
 folly1 good ,mi/ress ,w>d8 ask$ ,polly4
 ,if = wisdom1 'tis h>d to beat a man = 
be+ wise4 ,if = folly1 to :ip a fool = t
 he do? foll[ 8 call+1 & z ,i be !      
lic5s$ fool 9 ?is h\se--:i* ,i d take to
 be ! highe/ ex]cise ( wit 9 ^! days1 :5
 all is turn$ upside d[n--,i d wi% y all
 good-night1 & to be no wis] ?an is good
 = y\r heal?s1 & no m fooli% ?an        
suffices to light5 ! he>t2 & s laugh+ %e
 ran away1 & ,kate said 9 a lam5table   
voice1  ,i w\ld ,i 7 fooli%1 if x       
light5s ! he>t4  ,cont5t !e1 good ,kate1
 ,i said2 b 9 s l[ a voice none did he>4
 ,& %e w5t on1  ,mr4 ,lacy is gone to   
,york%ire = ?ree weeks1 :i* do? make me 
m sad ?an c be ?\ght (4  ,i smil$2 b    

,muriel1 :o _h n yet op$ h] lips :il/ ! 
o!rs 7 talk+1 ris+1 kiss$ h] si/]1 &    
said1 ,?\ wilt h1 sweet "o1 s great a   
cont5tm5t 9 8 lett]s z w give !e pati5ce
 to be> ! loss ( 8 good company4  ,at ! 
:i* ,kate bright5$ a little4 ,to live ) 
,muriel 0 a prea*m5t1 z ,i h (t5 _h     
occasion s9ce to f9d4  ,on ! fir/       
,sunday ,i 0 at ,london1 we he>d mass at
 ! ,portuguese ambassador's h\se1 :i!r  
_m ,ca?olics ( 8 acqua9tance resort$ = t
 purpose f our side ( ! city4 ,9 !      
aft]noon a g5tleman1 :o _h travell$ day 
& night f ,/af=d%ire on "s urg5t        
bus9ess1 br\ght me a lett] f my fa!r1   
writ only f\r days be=e x came to h&1 & 
ab\t a week aft] my dep>ture f home4 ,x 
0 z foll[s3    ,,m9e ,,own ,,de>        
,,*ild1--,! be>] ( ?is lett] ha? promis$
 to d   me ! good s]vice to deliv] x to 
!e z soon z he %all rea*   ,london2 :i*1
 z he did int5d to travel day & night1  
,i compute   w be no lat] ?an ! end (   
?is week1 or on ,sunday at !   fur!/4 ,&
 = ?is 8 civility ,i d /& greatly       

indebt$ to   him2 = 9 ^! /rait5$ times  
'tis no easy matt] to get   lett]s      
convey$ f "o "p ( ! k+dom to ano!r )\t  
dang] ( discov]+ t :i* = ! pres5t %\ld r
 be   conceal$4 ,i receiv$ notice two   
days ago f ,mi/ress ,w>d's   si/] ( y\r 
good j\rney & arrival at ,london2 & ,i  
?ank ,god1   my v good *ild1 t he has _h
 !e 9 8 holy keep+ &   be/[$ !e "u ! ro(
 ( my good si/] & bro!r2 s t1   ) a m9d 
at ease 9 respect to !e1 my de> sole    
e>?ly   treasure1 ,i may be free to     
foll[ :atev] c\rse 8 provid5ce may      
appo9t to me1 :o1 albeit unwor?y1 d     
aspire to leave all ?+s   to foll[ him4 
,& inde$ he ha? already1 at ! outset (  
my   w&]+s1 sweetly dispos$ ev5ts 9 su* 
wise t *ance ha?   prov$1 z x 71 !      
s]vant ( 8 provid5ce2 &1 :5 ,i did      
lea/ look = x1 by a div9e ord9ation     
furni%$ me1 :o s %ort   a "t back p>t$ f
 a de> *ild1 ) ! company ( "o :o   do?  
/& to me 9 lieu ( h] :o1 by reason ( h] 
t5d] sex &   age1 ,i am compell$ to s5d 
f me4 ,= be+ necessitat$1 = !           

pres]vation ( my life1 to make seldom   
any long /ay 9 "o place1   ,i _h ne$ ( a
 y\? to ride ) me on ^? frequ5t j\rneys1
   & keep me company 9 su* places #dhf z
 ,i may )draw unto =   quietness & /udy4
 ,s be+ 9 ,/af=d "s few days back1 ,i   
inquir$ ( ! ma/] ( ! inn :]e ,i did lay 
= "o night1 if   x 7 n possible to get 9
 t city a y\? to s]ve me z a   page1 :om
 ,i said ,i w\ld ma9ta9 z a g5tleman if 
he _h   le>n+1 nurture1 & behavior      
becom+ su* a p]son4 ,he said 8   son1 :o
 0 a s*oolma/]1 _h a y\? = a pupil :o   
c>ri$   virtue 9 8 v c\nt5ance2 b t he 0
 ! *ild ( a   wid[1 :o1 he mu* fe>$1    
w\ld n easily be p]suad$ to "p   f him4 
,!reupon ,i express$ a great desire to h
 a sight (   ?is y\? & *>g$ him to deal 
) 8 ma/] s t he %\ld   be s5t to my     
lodg+s2 :i*1 :5 he came !re1 lo &       
behold1 ,i   p]ceiv$ ) no small amazem5t
 t he 0 no o!r ?an ,edmund   ,g5+s1 :o  
/raightway ran into my arms1 & ) mu* ado
   re/ra9$ himself f weep+1 s greatly 0 
he mov$ )   conflict+ passions ( pres5t 

joy & recollect$ sorr[ at ?is   our     
unlook$-= meet+2 & truly m9e own        
cont5tm5t !re9 0   9 no wise less ?an 84
 ,he told me t 8 "m's pov]ty   increas+1
 %e _h mov$ f ,li*field1 :]e x 0 m bitt]
   to h]1 by reason ( ! afflu5ce 9 :i*  
%e _h be=e liv$ 9   t city1 to ,/af=d1  
:]e none did "k !m2 & %e dwelt 9 a      
mean lodg+ 9 a poor sort ( mann]4 ,&    
:]eas he _h desir$ to   accept ! (f] ( a
 /rang]1 ) a view to relieve 8 "m   f ! 
burd5 ( 8 support1 & maybe yield h] "s  
assi/ance   9 h] /raits1 he n[          
passionately covet$ to ?r[ 8 =tune   )  
m9e1 & to be ent]$ z a page 9 my s]vice4
 ,b ?\gh %e   _h be5 will+ be=e1 f      
necessity1 albeit av]se by   incl9ation1
 to "p ) him1 :5 %e knew me x seem$     
a:ile   impossible to ga9 h] cons5t4    
,me?9ks %e 0 privy to ,edmund's   secret
 good op9ion ( ,ca?olic religion1 &     
fe>$1 if he %\ld   live ) me1 ! effect  
!re( w\ld foll[4 ,b h] necessities   7 s
 %>p1 & likewise h] regrets t he %\ld   
lack   opportunities = 8 fur!r advance 9

 le>n+1 :i* %e h]self   0 unable to     
supply1 t at l5g? by long entreaty he   
prevail$   on h] to give him lic5se = t 
:i* 8 he>t did prompt him   to desire = 
8 own sake & h]s4 ,& :5 %e _h giv5 ?is  
cons5t1 b n be=e1 le/ x %\ld appe> ,i   
did seek to bribe   h] by su* (f]s to s 
mu* condesc5sion z %e !n ev9c$1 ,i      
propos$ to assi/ h] 9 any way %e wi%$ to
 ! bett]+ ( h]   =tunes1 & said ,i w\ld 
d z mu* :e!r %e suff]$ h] son   to abide
 ) me or no3 :i* did greatly "w ) h] to 
conceive   a m favorable op9ion ( me ?an
 %e _h h]et(ore held1 & to   be cont5t$ 
he %\ld rema9 9 my s]vice1 z he himself 
s   greatly desir$4 ,aft] "s fur!r      
disc\rse1 x 0 resolv$ t   ,i %\ld furni%
 h] ) s mu* money z w\ld pay h] debts & 
c>ry h] to ,la ,ro*elle1 :]e h] y\nge/  
son 0 ) h]   bro!r1 :o albeit he _h met 
) great losses1 w\ld   nev]!less1 %e    
felt assur$1 assi/ h] 9 h] ne$4 ,?us has
   ,edmund become to me less a page ?an 
a pupil1 less a s]vant ?an a   son4 ,i w
 keep a wat*ful eye ov] 8 actions1 :om  

,i already   p]ceive to be tractable1   
capable1 will+ to le>n1 & altoge!r   su*
 z 8 e>ly ye>s did promise he %\ld be4  
,i ?ank ,god1 :o   has giv5 me s great a
 com=t 9 ! mid/ ( s great trials1 &   to
 ?is y\? 9 me a fa!r r ?an a ma/]1 :o w 
ev]   deal ) him 9 an honorable & lov+  
mann]1 bo? 9 respect to   8 own des]ts &
 to h] m]its1 ^: pray]s h1 ,i d\bt n1   
procur$ ?is admirable result ( :at 0 9  
no wise design$1 b   by ,god's provid5ce
 fell out ( ! ask+ a simple "q 9 an     
inn & ( a /rang]4    ,& n[1 m9e only & v
 de> *ild1 ,i comm5d !e to ,god's   holy
 keep+2 & ,i besee* !e to be z m9dful ( 
?y duty to him   z ?\ #dhg ha/ be5 7&   
mo/ especially ( late7 ( ?9e to   me2 & 
impr9t 9 ?y he>t ^? words ( holy writ1  
',n to fe>   ^? t kill ! body1 b _c     
de/roy ! s\l2' b )al1   9 :atev] is j & 
reasonable1 & n cle>ly aga9/ ,ca?olic   
religion1 to obs]ve a mo/ exact ob$i5ce 
to su* z /& to !e   at pres5t 9 place ( 
?y unwor?y fa!r1 & :o1 moreov]1 are   ( 
su* virtue & piety z ,i d\bt n w\ld move

 !m r to   give !e an example h[ to     
suff] ! loss ( all ?+s = ,*ri/   8 sake 
?an to (f5d him by a contr>y            
disposition4 ,i d write to   my good    
bro!r by ! same conv5i5ce to yield him &
 my si/]   humble ?anks = _! great      
k9dness to me 9 !e1 & s5d ?is   writt5 9
 ha/e2 = ,i fe> ,i %all n (t5 h means   
h]eaft]4   ,!re=e ,i desire ,almighty   
,god to protect1 bless1 & e/abli%   !e4 
,s 9 ha/e1 & 9 visc]ibus ,*ri/i1 adieu4 
,! lively joy ,i receiv$ f ?is lett] 0  
great] ?an ,i c rehe>se1 = ,i _h n[ no  
long] be=e my eyes ! sorr[ful vision (  
my de> fa!r ) none to t5d & com=t him 9 
8 w&]+s2 & no less 0 my cont5tm5t t     
,edmund1 my de>ly-lov$ playmate1 0 n[ )9
 rea* ( 8 good in/ructions1 & free to   
foll[ t :i* ,i 0 p]suad$ 8 consci5ce _h 
be5 prompt+ him to seek s9ce he _h      
atta9$ ! age ( reason4  ,i note n d[n 9 
?is hi/ory ! _m visits ,i paid to !     
,*>t] ,h\se t autumn1 except to notice !
 gr[+ c>e ,lady ,surrey did take to     
supply ! ne$s ( prison]s & poor p1 & h[ 

?is br\ght h] into frequ5t occasions (  
disc\rse ) ,mi/ress ,w>d & ,muriel1 :o  
nev]!less1 z ,i also _h c>e to obs]ve1  
kept ^! int]views secret1 :i* might h   
caus$ suspicion 9 ^? :o1 albeit         
,ca?olic1 7 ill-dispos$ to adv5ture !   
loss ( worldly advantages by ! pr(ession
 ( :at ,prote/ants d t]m p]v]se & op5   
papi/ry4 ,kate & ,polly 7 ( ?is way (   
?9k+--prud5ce 0 ev] ! ^w ) !m :5 talk ( 
religion 0 m9i/]$ 9 _! pres5ce2 & !y    
w\ld n keep z mu* z a pray]-book 9 _!   
*amb]s = fe> ( evil results4 ,!y 7      
sometimes v urg5t ) _! fa!r = to suff]  
!m to att5d ,prote/ant s]vice1 :i* !y   
said w\ld n h9d] !m f he>+ mass at      
conv5i5t times1 & say+ su* pray]s z !y  
li/$2 & ,polly ! m s t a "y g5tleman (  
good bir? & high bre$+1 :o con=m$ to !  
times1 _h become a suitor = h] h&1 & 0 v
 /r5u\s ) h] on ! necessity ( su*       
compliance1 :i* nev]!less h] fa!r w\ld n
 all[ (4 ,mu* company came to ! h\se1   
bo? ,prote/ant & ,ca?olic2 = my aunt1 :o
 0 sick at o!r times1 did greatly m5d   

t[>d ! ev5+4 ,:5 ,i 0 fir/ 9 ,london =  
"s weeks1 %e kept me ) h] at su* times 9
 ! p>lor1 & enc\rag$ me to disc\rse ) ! 
visitors2 = %e said ,i _h a =w>dness &  
vivacity ( spee* :i*1 if practis$ 9     
conv]sation1 w\ld 9 "t obta9 = me z     
great a reputation ( wit z ,polly ev]   
enjoy$4 ,i 0 no?+ lo? to /udy 9 ?is new 
s*ool1 & n sl[ to improve 9 x4 ,at !    
same "t ,i gave myself greatly to !     
read+ ( su* books z ,i f\nd 9 my c\s9s' 
*amb]s2 among/ :i* 7 "s ,m4 de la ,motte
 _h l5t to ,polly1 m>vell\s witty &     
ent]ta9+1 su* z ,les ,n\velles de la    
,re9e de ,nav>re & ! ,c5ts ,hi/oires    
tragiques2 & o!rs done 9 ,engli% out (  
,fr5* by ,mr4 ,?omas ,=tescue2 & a poem1
 writ by "o ,mr4 ,edmund ,sp5s]1 v      
beautiful1 & :i* did s mu* bewit* me1 t 
,i 0 wont to rise 9 ! night to read x by
 ! light ( ! moon at my casem5t w9d[2 & 
! ,morte d' ,ar?ur1 :i* ,mr4 ,hub]t     
,rookwood _h will$ me to read1 :om ,i   
met at ,b$=d1 & :i* s fill$ my head )   
fanta/ic images & imag9$ sc5es1 t ,i    

did1 z x 71 fall 9 love ) #dhh ,sir     
,launcelot1 & w\ld blu% if 8 "n 7 b     
m5tion$1 & wax z angry if 8 fame 7      
que/ion$ z if he _h be5 a liv+ man1 & ,i
 9 a fooli% mann] fond ( him4  ,?is     
cont9u$ = "s little "t1 & me?9ks1 _h x  
proce$$ fur!r1 ,i %\ld h receiv$ mu*    
damage f a mode ( life ) s little (     
discipl9e 9 x1 & s great incitem5ts to  
faults & follies :i* my nature 0 prone  
to1 b :i* my consci5ce secretly reprov$4
 ,& among ! _m reasons ,i h to be       
?ankful to ,mi/ress ,w>d1 t             
nev]-to-be-=gott5 fri5d1 ^: c>e re/ra9$ 
me 9 ^! dang]\s c\rses1 p>tly by        
compulsion ?r\gh means ( h] influ5ce )  
my aunt & h] husb&1 & p>tly by su*      
admonitions & c\nsel z %e favor$ me )1  
,i reckon among/ ! greate/ t1 at an age 
:5 ! w is weak1 albeit ! impulses be    
good1 %e l5t a help+ h& to ! sup]ior "p 
( my s\l to surm\nt ! evil t5d5cies :i* 
bad example on ! "o h&1 & weak indulg5ce
 on ! o!r1 fo/]$ 9 me1 ^: virtu\s       
incl9ations _h be51 up to t "t1 h$g$ 9  

by ! /rong safegu>ds ( p>5tal           
wat*fulness4 ,%e procur$ t ,i %\ld n    
t>ry1 save = brief & scanty spaces ( "t1
 9 my aunt's p>lor :5 %e _h visitors1 & 
s contriv$ t x %\ld be :5 %e h]self 0   
pres5t1 :o1 by :olesome *ecks & /udi$   
sep>ation f ! re/ ( ! company1 r$uc$ my 
=w>dness ) j re/ra9ts su* z became my   
age4 ,& :5 %e discov]$ :at books ,i     
read1 oh1 ) :at f]v5t & /r5u\s spee* %e 
drove into my s\l ! edge ( a salut>y    
remorse2 ) :at te>ful eyes & plead+     
voice %e br\ght be=e me ! memory ( my   
"m's c>e & my fa!r's love1 :i* _h ev]   
kept me f dr9k+ su* empoison$ draughts f
 ! well-spr+s ( corruption :i* 9 our    
days books ( ent]ta9m5t too (t5 prove1 &
 if n altoge!r bad1 yet be su* z vitiate
 ! palate & de/roy ! appetite = high] & 
pur] k9ds ( m5tal su/5ance4 ,%>p 0 h]   
correction1 b )al s season$ ) t5d]ness1 
& a grief ! ke5ness ( :i* ,i c\ld disc]n
 0 height5$ by ! ?\ght t my two eld]    
c\s9s 7"o "t h] pupils7 %\ld be s drawn 
aside by ! _w & its pleasures z to =get 

_! pi\s habits1 & m9i/] to o!rs ! means 
( su* injury z _! own s\ls _h su/a9$1 t 
e ^w %e utt]$ seem$ to s9k into my he>t 
z if writ ) a p5 ( fire2 & mo/ly :5 %e  
?us conclud$ h] disc\rse3  ,!re ha? be5 
times1 ,con/ance1 :5 m51 yea & wom5     
also1 might play ! fool = a :ile1 )\t s 
great dang] z n[1 & dally ) idle folly l
 *ildr5 :o d sport on a smoo? lawn nigh 
to a runn+ /ream1 "u _! p>5ts' eyes1 :o1
 if _! feet d b slip1 are prompt to     
retrieve !m4 ,b su* days are gone by = !
 ,ca?olics ( ?is l&4 ,i w\ld h !e to be>
 9 m9d t 'tis no common virtue--no      
conv5i5t religion--faces ! rack1 !      
dungeon1 & ! rope2 t wanton tales &     
light v]ses are no viaticum = a j\rney  
beset ) su* p]ils4 ,& ?\--?\ lea/ (     
all--^: g5tle "m1 z ?\ well kn[e/1 di$ (
 a brok5 he>t f ! fe> to betray h]      
fai?--?\1 ^: fa!r do? ev5 n[ gird       
himself = a fight1 :]e to w9 is to die  
on a scaffold--%\ld/ scorn to omit su*  
prep>ation z may befit !e to live1 if x 
s please ,god1 or to die1 if su* be 8 w1

 a true memb] ( 8 holy ,ca?olic ,*ur*4  
,o ,con/ance1 x do? grieve me to ! he>t 
t ?\ %\ld/ s mu* z once h ris5 f ?y b$  
at night to fe$ ?y m9d ) ! va9 words (  
pr(ane writ]s1 9 place ( nurtur+ ?y s\l 
by su* reasonable ex]cises & means z    
,god1 ?r\gh ! tea*+ ( 8 ,*ur*1 do?      
provide = ! spiritual gr[? ( 8 *ildr51 &
 by pray] & p5ance make ready = com+    
conflicts4 ,be?9k !e ( ! _m holy prie/s1
 yea & laym5 also1 :o be 9 uneasy #dhi  
dungeons at ?is "t1 ly+ on fil?y /raw1 )
 *a9s on _! bruis$ limbs1 b lately rack$
 & torm5t$ = _! religion1 :il/ ?\ did/  
(f5d ,god by su* wanton conduct4 ,c\nt  
up ! times ?\ ha/ ?us (f5d$2 & s _m     
times rise 9 ! night1 my good *ild1 &   
say ! psalm ',mis]]e1' ?r\gh :i* we d   
especially entreat =giv5ess = our s9s4  
,i ca/ myself 9 h] arms1 & ) _m bitt]   
te>s lam5t$ my folly2 & did promise h]  
!n1 &1 ,i ?ank ,god1 ev] aft] did keep t
 promise1 :il/ ,i abode "u ! same ro( ) 
h]1 to read no books b su* z %e %\ld    
w>rant me to p]use4 ,"s days aft] %e    

procur$ ,mr4 ,congleton's cons5t1 :o    
also w5t ) u1 to c>ry me to ! ,m>%alsea1
 :i!r %e _h free access at t "t by      
reason ( h] acqua9tance%ip ) ! gaol]'s  
wife1 :o1 :5 a maid1 _h be5 a s]vant 9  
h] family1 & :o1 hav+ be5 once ,ca?olic1
 did will+ly assi/ su* prison]s z came  
!re = _! religion4 ,!re we saw ,mr4     
,h>t1 :o ha? be5 ?is long :ile conf9$ 9 
a d>k cell1 ) no?+ b bo>ds to lie on    
till ,mi/ress ,w>d gave him a c\nt]pane1
 :i* %e conceal$ "u h] %awl1 & ! gaol] 0
 prevail$ on by 8 wife n to take f him4 
,he 0 cruelly tortur$ "s "t s9ce1 &     
condemn$ to die on ! same day z ,mr4    
,luke ,kirby & "s o!rs on a l *>ge1 t he
 did d5y ! que5's supremacy 9 spiritual 
matt]s2 b he 0 tak5 (f ! sl$ge & return$
 to prison4 ,he did take x v quietly &  
pati5tly2 & :5 ,mr4 ,congleton express$ 
a hope he might soon be releas$ f       
prison1 he smil$ & said3  ,my good      
fri5d1 my crosses are light & easy2 & ! 
be+ depriv$ ( all e>?ly com=t af=ds a   
heav5ly joy1 :i* make? my prison happy1 

my conf9em5t m]ciful1 my solitude full (
 bless+s4 ,to ,god1 !re=e1 be all       
praise1 honor1 & glory1 = s unspeakable 
a b5efit be/[$ ^u 8 poor1 wret*$1 &     
unwor?y s]vant4  ,s did he com=t ^? :o 7
 m griev$ = him ?an he = himself2 & ea* 
9 turn we did confess2 & aft] ,i _h     
disburd5$ my consci5ce 9 su* wise t he  
p]ceiv$ ! temp] ( my m9d1 & :]e to apply
 rem$ies to ! dang]s ! nature ( :i* 8   
cle>sight$ness did =esee1 he ?us        
address$ me3  ,! _w1 my de> daught]1    
soon beg9s to seem insipid1 & all its   
pleasures gr[ bitt] z gall2 all ! f9e   
%[s & delights x af=ds appe> empty &    
good = no?+ to su* z h ta/$ ! happ9ess (
 conv]s+ ) ,*ri/1 ?\gh x be amid/       
torm5ts & tribulations1 yea & 9 ! ne>   
approa* ( dea? itself4 ,?is joy s       
p5etrates ! s\l1 s elevates ! _s1 s     
*anges ! affections1 t a prison seems n 
a prison b a p>adise1 dea? a goal long  
"t desir$1 & ! torm5ts :i* d accompany x
 jewels ( great price4 ,take ) !e ^!    
words1 :i* be ! greate/ treasure & !    

r>e/ lesson = ^! times3 ',he t love? 8  
life 9 ?is _w %all lose x1 & he t hate? 
x %all f9d x2' & rememb] ! devil is     
always ^u ! wat*4 ,be y also wat*ful4   
,pray y = me4 ,i h a great confid5ce t  
we %all see "o ano!r 9 heav51 if y keep 
inviolable ! ^w y h giv5 to ,god to be  
true to 8 ,ca?olic ,*ur* & ob$i5t to its
 precepts1 & he gives me ! grace to     
atta9 unto t same bless$ end4  ,^!      
words1 l ! s[]'s se$1 fell into a field 
:]e ?orns (t5times ?reat5$ to *oke _!   
effect2 b p]secution1 :5 x arose1       
consum$ ! ?orns z ) fire1 & ! plant1 :i*
 w\ld h )]$ 9 /ony gr\nd1 bore fruit 9 a
 prep>$ soil4  ,z we left ! prison1 x   
did happ5 t1 pass+ by ! gaol]'s lodge1  
,i saw him sitt+ at a table dr9k+ ale ) 
"o ^: back 0 to ! door4 ,a suspicion    
came ov] me1 ! mo/ unlikely 9 ! _w1 = x 
0 aga9/ all cr$ibility1 & ,i _h n se5 s 
mu* z t p]son's face2 b 9 ! %ape ( 8    
head & ! mann] ( #dij 8 sitt+1 b = a    
mom5t obs]v$1 !re 0 a resemblance to    
,edmund ,g5+s1 ! ?\ght ( :i* ,i c\ld n  

%ake (f4 ,:5 we 7 walk+ home1 ,mr4      
,congleton said ,mr4 ,h>t _h told him t 
a %ort "t back a g5tleman _h be5 seiz$1 
& committ$ to close conf9em5t1 :om he   
believ$1 ?\gh he _h n atta9$ to !       
c]ta9ty !re(1 to be ,mr4 ,willisd52 & if
 x 7 s1 t mu* tr\ble might ensue to _m  
recusants1 by reason ( t g5tleman hav+  
dealt 9 matt]s ( great importance to su*
 p]sons t\*+ l&s & o!r affairs :]eby _! 
=tunes & maybe _! lives might be        
compromis$4 ,on he>+ ( ?is1 ,i          
/raightway conceiv$ a sudd5 fe> le/ x   
%\ld be my fa!r & n ,mr4 ,willisd5 0    
conf9$ 9 t prison2 & ! impression ,i _h 
receiv$ t\*+ ! y\? :o 0 at table ) !    
gaol] grew s /rong 9 consequ5ce1 t all  
sorts ( fe>s f\nd$ !reon ran ?r\gh my   
m9d1 = ,i _h (t5 he>d h[ p]sons did     
deceive recusants by feign+ !mselves to 
be _! fri5ds1 & !n did d5\nce !m to !   
c\ncil1 & procur$ _! arre/ & (t5times _!
 condemnation by di/ort+ & false swe>+  
t\*+ ! spee* !y held ) !m4 ,"o ,eliot 9 
p>ticul>1 :o 0 a man ( great mode/y &   

+5uity ( c\nt5ance1 s z to defy         
suspicion 7b a v wick$ man 9 m ways ?an 
"o1 z has be5 s9ce prov$71 :o pret5d$ to
 be ,ca?olic1 & :5 he did suspect any to
 be a ,jesuit1 or a sem9>y prie/1 or    
only a recusant1 he w\ld /raightway ent]
 into disc\rse ) him1 & 9 an artful     
mann] cause him to betray himself2      
:]eupon he 0 n sl[ to ?r[ (f ! mask1    
:]eby sev]al _h be5 already br\ght to ! 
rope4 ,& albeit ,i w\ld n cr$it t       
,edmund %\ld be su* a "o1 ! evil ( !    
times 0 s great t my he>t did misgive me
 conc]n+ him1 if inde$ he 0 ! y\? :om ,i
 _h espi$ on su* famili> t]ms ) t       
ruffianly gaol]4 ,i _h no re/ = "s days1
 lack+ ! means to discov] ! tru? ( t    
suspicion2 = ,mrs4 ,w>d1 to :om ,i did  
imp>t x1 d>$ n adv5ture aga9 t week to !
 ,m>%alsea1 by reason ( ! gaol]'s wife  
hav+ *>g$ h] n to come frequ5tly1 = t h]
 husb& _h sudd5ly suspect$ h] to be a   
recusant1 & w\ld by no means all[ ( h]  
visits to ! prison]s2 b t :5 he 0 drunk 
%e c\ld sometimes h]self get 8 keys &   

let h] 91 b n too (t54 ,mr4 ,congleton  
w\ld h x ! prison] mu/ be ,mr4 ,willisd5
 & no o!r1 & took no he$ ( my fe>s1 :i* 
he said _h no reasonable gr\nds1 z ,i _h
 n s mu* z se5 ! features ( ! y\? ,i    
took to be my fa!r's page4 ,b ,i c\ld by
 no means be satisfi$1 & wept v mu*2 &  
,i m9d me h[1 9 ! mid/ ( my te>s t ev5+1
 my eyes fell on ! frontispiece ( a     
volume ( ! ,morte d' ,ar?ur :i* _h be5  
loos5$ :5 ! book 0 9 my *amb]1 & 9 :i* 0
 picture ( ,sir ,launcelot1 ! pres5t    
mirror ( my fancy4 ,i _h p9n$ x to my   
curta91 & jewell$ x z a treasure & fund 
( fooli% mus+s1 ev5 aft] yield+ up1 )   
promise to read no m !re91 ! book :i* _h
 once held x4 ,& ?us 7 kept alive !     
fanta/ic imag9+s :]e) ,i clo!d a        
creature conceiv$ 9 a writ]'s bra91 ^:  
nobility 0 ! (fspr+ ( 8 ?\ghts & !      
cont9ual ent]ta9m5t ( m9e own4 ,b1 oh1  
h[ j did ,i n[ f9d ! words ( a virtu\s  
fri5d1 & h[ *ildi% my folly1 :5 ! true  
%>p edge ( pres5t fe> disp]s$ ^! vapory 
cl\ds1 ev5 z ! ke5 bla/ ( a nor? w9d do?

 drive away a noxi\s mi/6 ,! sight ( !  
dismal dungeon t day visit$1 ! pallid   
features ( t true confessor !re9 immur$1
 8 s\l-pi]c+ words1 & ! appreh5sions :i*
 7 wr++ my he>t--bani%$ ( a sudd5 an    
idle dream eng5d]$ by va9 read+s & va9] 
mus+s1 & ,sir ,launcelot held h5ce=w>d  
no high]1 or n s high1 a #dia place 9 my
 e/eem z ! good ,sir ,guy ( ,w>wick1 or 
! brave ,hector de ,val5ce4  ,a day or  
two aft]1 my ,lady ,surrey s5t h] coa* =
 me2 & ,i f\nd h] 9 h] dress+-room seat$
 on a c\* ) h] wait+-wom5 & ,mi/ress    
,milic5t ar\nd h]1 :o 7 display+ a great
 /ore ( ri* suits & jewels & su*-l ge>  
drawn f w>drobes & closets1 ! doors (   
:i* 7 ?r[n op51 & little ,mi/ress ,bess 
0 on tiptoe on a /ool a=e a mirror ) a  
diamond necklace on1 ribbons fl>+ ab\t  
h] head1 & a fan ( o/ri*-fea!rs 9 h] h&4
  ,ah1 sweet "o1 said my lady1 :5 ,i    
came 91 ?\ mu/ ne$s be surpris$ at ?is  
%[ ( brav]y1 :i* ill consorts ) ! m\rn+ 
( our pres5t g>b or ! grief ( our he>ts2
 b1 i' fai?1 ,con/ance1 /range ?+s d    

come to pass1 & su* z ,i w\ld fa9 h9d]  
if ,i c\ld4  ,make ready ?9e e>s = great
 news1 good ,con/ance1 cri$ ,bess1 runn+
 t[>d me encumb]$ ) h] f9]y1 & tumbl+   
ov] sundry pieces ( head-ge> 9 h] way1  
to ! wait+-woman's no small             
discomfiture4 ,! que5's maje/y do? visit
 ^u next ,sunday ! ,e>l & ,c\ntess (    
,surrey2 & z h] highness _c endure !    
sight ( dool1 !y & _! h\sehold mu/ ne$s 
put x (f & array !mselves 9 _! co/lie/  
suits2 & ,nan is to put on h] *oice/    
jewels1 & my ,lady ,bess mu/ be gr& too1
 to salute ! que54  ,hu%1 ,bessy1 said  
my lady2 & lead+ me into ! adjo9+ *amb]1
 'tis h>d1 quo? %e1 hold+ my h& 9       
h]s1--'tis h>d :5 8 grace is 9 ! ,t[] & 
9 disgrace ) h] maje/y1 & only six weeks
 s9ce our ,moll di$1 t %e mu/ ne$s visit
 ?is h\se1 :]e !re be none to ent]ta9 h]
 highness b 8 grace's poor *ildr52 'tis 
h>d1 ,con/ance1 to be con/ra9$ to kiss !
 h& :i* ?reat5s 8 life :o gave my "l 81 
& mo/ly to smile at ! que5's je/+1 :i*  
my ,"l ,arundel sai? we mu/ ( all ?+s   

take he$ to obs]ve1 = t %e z little c   
endure dool 9 ! face z 9 ! dress4  ,a   
few te>s fell f ^? sweet eyes ^u my h&1 
:i* %e /ill held1 & ,i said1 ,com=t y1  
my sweet lady4 ,x mu/ ne$s be t h]      
maje/y do? int5d favor to 8 grace ?r\gh 
?is visit4 ,h] highness w\ld nev] be    
m9d$ to d s mu* honor to ! *ildr5 if %e 
did n purpose m]cy to ! fa!r4  ,i w\ld  
fa9 believe x 7 s1 said ! c\ntess1      
?\ghtfully2 b my ,"l ,arundel & my ,lady
 ,lumley hold n1 ,i fe>1 ! same op9ion4 
,& ,i d he> f !m t 8 grace is mu* tr\bl$
 !reat1 & ha? writt5 to ! ,e>l (        
,leice/] & my ,"l ,burleigh to lam5t !  
que5's det]m9ation to visit 8 son1 :o is
 n ( age to receive h]4  ,footnote #ii  
,footnote #ii3 ,cal5d> ( ,/ate ,pap]s1  
,dome/ic ,s]ies1 #aedg to   #aehj3 ,duke
 ( ,norfolk to ! ,e>l ( ,leice/] & ,"l  
,burleigh2   lam5ts ! que5's det]m9ation
 to visit 8 son's h\se1 :o is   n ( age 
to receive h]4  ,& do? my ,"l ( ,surrey 
take ! matt] to he>t8  ,my "l's         
disposition do? incl9e him to conceive  

hope :]e o!rs see reason to fe>1 %e     
repli$4 ,he sai? he is glad h] maje/y   
%\ld come to ?is h\se1 & t he w take    
occasion to petition h] grace to release
 8 fa!r f ! ,t[]2 & he ha? drawn up an  
address to t effect1 :i* is m>vell\s    
well express$2 &1 s9ce 'tis writt51 he  
makes no m d\bt t h] maje/y w acc$e to x
 ?an if ! up%ot 0 n yet to come1 b      
already pa/4 ,& he ha? set himself ) a  
skill beyond 8 ye>s1 & altoge!r wond]ful
 9 "o s "y1 to prep>e all ?+s = ! que5's
 reception2 s t :5 8 gr&fa!r did depute 
my ,"l ,b]keley & my ,lady ,lumley to   
assi/ u 7he himself be+ too sick to g   
out ( 8 h\se7 9 ! ord]+ ( ! collation 9 
! banquet+-room1 & ! music :]e) to greet
 h] highness on h] arrival1 z well z !  
c]emonial to be obs]v$ dur+ h] visit1 !y
 did f9d t my "l _h s #dib dispos$ly & )
 s great ta/e orda9$ ! rules to be      
obs]v$1 & ! prop] sett+ =? ( all ?+s1 t 
little rema9$ = !m to d4 ,& he w h me to
 be ri*ly dress$1 & to put on ! jewels  
:i* 7 8 "m's1 :i*1 s9ce h] dea?1 h n be5

 worn by ! two ,du*esses ( ,norfolk :i* 
did succe$ h]4 ,ah me1 ,mi/ress         
,con/ance1 ,i (t5 wi% my "l & ,i _h be5 
born f> f ! c\rt1 9 "s quiet c\ntry     
place1 :]e !re are no que5s to ent]ta91 
& no plots :i* d br+ nobles into s great
 dang]s4  ,alack1 ,i cri$1 de> lady1    
'tis n ! highe/ 9 ! l& t be alone to    
suff]4 ,_! tr\bles d /& =? 9 m5's eyes2 
& :5 a noble head is imp]ill$ all ! _w  
do? "k ( x2 b blood is spilt 9 ?is l&1 &
 torm5ts endur$1 :i* no p5 do? *ronicle1
 & ( :i* scant m5tion is made 9 palaces4
  ,!re is a passion 9 ?y spee*1 my lady 
said1 :i* betraye? a secret uneas9ess ( 
he>t4 ,ha/ ?\ _h ill news1 my ,con/ance8
  ,no news1 ,i answ]$1 b t :i* my fe>s d
 inv5t & :isp]2 & !n ,i relat$ to h] !  
cause ( my di/urbance1 :i* %e s\ght to  
allay by k9d words1 :i* nev]!less fail$ 
to com=t me4  ,be=e ,i left %e did      
propose ,i %\ld come to ! ,*>t] ,h\se on
 ! morn+ ( ! que5's visit1 & br+        
,mi/ress ,w>d & my c\s9s also1 z x w\ld 
pleasure !m to /& 9 ! gall]y & witness !

 ent]ta9m5t1 & albeit my he>t 0 heavy1  
me?\ght x 0 an occasion n to be ov]pa/  
to fea/ my eyes ) ! sight ( maje/y1 & to
 behold t great que5 :o do? hold 9 h]   
h&s h] subjects' lives1 & :o1 if %e d b 
nod1 l ! god ( ! hea!n :i* books d speak
 (1 su* t]rible effects ensue1 great]   
?an c be ?\ght (2 & s ,i gave my lady   
m9e humble ?anks1 & also = t %e did gift
 me ) a da9ty hat & a well-embroid]$    
suit to we> on t day2 :i*1 :5 ,kate saw1
 %e fell into a wond]ful admiration ( ! 
patt]n1 & did set ab\t to get x copi$   
a=e ! day ( ! royal visit to ,h[>d      
,h\se4 ,z ,i return$ to ,holborn 9 my   
lady's coa* !re 0 a great cr[d 9 !      
,cornhill1 & ! passage = a :ile arre/$  
by ! numb] ( p]sons on _! way to :at is 
n[ call$ ! ,royal ,ex*ange1 :i* h]      
maje/y 0 to visit 9 ! ev5+4 ,i sat v    
quietly ) m9e eyes fix$ on !            
foot-pass5g]s1 n s mu* look+ at _! faces
 z wat*+ _! passage1 :i*1 l ! runn+ ( a 
riv]1 did seem endless4 ,b at la/ x     
some:at slack5$1 & ! coa* mov$ on1 :51  

at ! corn] ( a /reet1 nigh unto a lamp  
ov] a %op1 :i* did ?r[ a light on 8     
face1 ,i beheld ,edmund ,g5+s4 ,oh1 h[  
my he>t did beat1 & ) :at a l\d cry ,i  
did call to ! runn+ footm5 to /op6 ,b ! 
noise ( ! /reet 0 s great !y did n he>  
me1 & ,i saw him turn & pursue 8 way d[n
 ano!r /reet t[>d ! riv]4 ,my good      
uncle1 :5 he he>d ,i _h v]ily se5 my    
fa!r's new page 9 ! city1 gave m he$ to 
my suspicions1 & did promise to g       
himself unto ! ,m>%alsea on ! next day1 
& seek to v]ify ! "n ( ! prison] ,mr4   
,h>t _h made m5tion (4  ,,to ,,be       
,,cont9u$4  ------  #dic  ,f ,!         
,cornhill ,magaz9e4  ,,mod]n ,,falconry4
   ,hunt+ & hawk+ 71 z e "o kn[s1 !     
great sports ( our =efa!rs4 ,angl+ 0 b  
little und]/ood be=e ! "t ( ,walton &   
,cotton1 & n ?or\ghly ev5 by ^? great   
ma/]s !mselves4 ,9 ! old5 "t1 ! b[ &    
arr[1 be+ sc>cely adapt$ = f[l+1 7 us$  
almo/ exclusively aga9/ l>ge game1 su* z
 de]2 ! crossb[ 0 p]haps n a v effici5t 
weapon2 & ! art ( %oot+ fly+ ) a        

f[l+-piece may be said to be ( rec5t    
inv5tion4 ,x is true t1 a c\ple ( hundr$
 ye>s ago1 m5 7! sportsm5 ( ^? days7    
might h be5 se51 arm$ ) a mat*-lock1 or 
"s su* wond]ful contrivance1 crawl+ t[>d
 a covey ( bask+ p>tridges1 ) ! int5tion
 ( %oot+ !m on ! gr\nd2 & ,dame ,juliana
 ,b]n]s1 :o wrote ^u falconry 9 ! middle
 ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 inv5t$ a fly-rod ( 
su* excessive weight t ! /ronge/        
salmon-fi%] 9 ^! days w\ld be unwill+ to
 wield x4 ,b ?is 0 sorry "w1 & we c well
 und]/& t1 ( itself1 x 0 v f> f satisfy+
 a sport-lov+ p4 ,!y /ill held by ! old 
sports4 ,hunt+ & hawk+ 7 9 _! glory :5  
:at we n[ call %oot+ & fi%+ 7 sc>cely   
und]/ood at all4 ,de] 7 9 abundance1 & s
 0 o!r game1 especially if we consid] ! 
few p privileg$ to kill x4 ,9 ^? days1  
?\gh n 9 ^!1 ! mo/ sportsmanlike way 0 !
 mo/ pr(itable2 & m qu>ry c\ld be tak5 )
 dogs & hawks ?an 9 any o!r1 & p]haps   
less legitimate1 mann]4  ,hunt+ we      
reta91 z our great & national sport1    
?\gh circum/ances1 r ?an *oice1 h l$ to 

our ex*ang+ ! /ag = ! fox4 ,b falconry1 
! great sport ( *ivalry1 once ! national
 sport ( ^! isl&s1 has be5 p]mitt$ s    
ne>ly to die out t b few p are aw>e (   
its exi/5ce among/ u4 ,t x does /ill    
live1 h[ev]1 ?\gh "u a cl\d1--to :at    
ext5t & 9 :at mann] x is c>ri$ out1--x  
is ! purport ( ?is pap] to %[4  ,!      
causes ( ! decrease1 & almo/ ! loss1 (  
?is sport are obvi\s en\gh4 ,among/ !   
*ief are1 ! pres5t enclos$ /ate ( !     
c\ntry2 ! p]fection--or :at is almo/    
p]fection--( mod]n gunn]y1 & ( !        
m>ksman's skill1 & ! desire to make l>ge
 bags4 ,add to ^!1 p]haps1 ! tr\ble &   
exp5se att5dant ^u keep+ hawks4 ,b !    
l9ks h at no "t absolutely be5 brok5    
:i*1 9 ,engl&1 unite falconry 9 ! "t (  
,e!lb]t to falconry ( ! pres5t day4 ,"l 
,or=d & ,colonel ,?ornton took !m up &  
/r5g!n$ !m at ! end ( ! la/1 & ! beg9n+ 
( ! pres5t1 c5tury4 ,lat] /ill1 ! ,loo  
,club 9 ,holl& sav$ falconry f ext9ction
 9 ,engl&1 because its ,engli% memb]s   
br\ght _! falcons to ?is c\ntry1 & flew 

!m "h4 ,! ,b>rs1 fir/-rate ,scot*       
falcon]s1 & ,john ,pells1 ( ,norfolk1   
help$ ! c\rse by tra9+ & sell+ hawks2 & 
a "w entitl$ ,falconry 9 ! ,briti%      
,isles1 publi%$ 9 #ahee1 toge!r ) "s    
*apt]s :i* appe>$ r lat] 9 "o ( ! lead+ 
sport+ newspap]s 7& 7 aft]w>d collect$ 9
 a volume71 s]v$ to create or enc\rage a
 love = falconry4  ,x 0 said t ! pres5t 
,duke ( ,/4 ,albans1 ! gr& falcon]1 w\ld
 take to ! sport con amore1 & n z a m]e 
=m2 b ?is is v f> inde$ f be+ ! case4   
#did ,! ,mah>ajah ,dhuleep ,s+h 0 p]haps
 ! mo/ consid]able falcon] ( ! pres5t   
day2 & la/ season b "o he kill$ #aai    
gr\se ) 8 "y hawks2 b he has lately giv5
 up ! great] "p ( 8 hawk+ e/abli%m5t4 ,9
 ,irel& !re are "s good falcons1 fl[n   
occasionally at h]ons1 & frequ5tly1 & ) 
great success1 at o!r qu>ry2 _m (fic]s 9
 ! army are falcon]s2 &1 9 ! wilds (    
,*e%ire1 !re lives a poor g5tleman :o   
has fl[n hawks = fifte5 ye>s1 &         
contrives1 ?r\gh ! c\rtesy ( 8 fri5ds1  
to make a bag on ! moors ) 8 fam\s      

gr\se-hawk ,! ,pr9cess1 & "o or two     
o!rs4  ,^? :o h be5 accu/om$ to reg>d   
falconry z entirely a ?+ ( ! pa/1 & !   
secret ( hawk-tra9+ z utt]ly lo/ z t (  
,/oneh5ge or ! ,pyramids1 w be surpris$ 
to he> t !re are1 at ! pres5t "t1 hawks 
9 ,engl& ( su* prov$ excell5ce1 t x is  
impossible to conceive ev5 pr9ces 9 !   
old5 "t1 not)/&+ ! mon/r\s prices !y are
 said to h paid = "s falcons1 ev]       
possess+ bett]4 ,:5 a p]egr9e falcon w  
wait on1 z x is call$1 at ! height ( a  
hundr$ or a hundr$ & fifty y>ds above h]
 ma/]1 z he beats ! moors = h]1 &1 :5 ! 
birds rise1 *ase !m ) almo/ ! spe$ ( an 
arr[2 :5 %e is sure to kill1 unless !   
gr\se escapes 9 cov]2 :5 %e w n attempt 
to c>ry h] game1 ev5 %\ld a dog run by  
h]1 & :5 %e is ready to fly two or ?ree 
times 9 "o morn+--x c easily be imag9$1 
ev5 by ^? :o "k no?+ ( falconry1 t %e   
has rea*$ excell5ce4  ,& s1 9           
h]on-hawk+4 ,if a ca/ ( falcons1 unhood$
 at a qu>t] ( a mile f a pass+ h]on     
7especially a light h]on1 i4 e41 a h]on 

go+ to fe$1 & !re=e n weight$71 capture 
him 9 a w9d1 & aft] a two-mile flight1 x
 is difficult to suppose1 caet]is       
p>ibus1 t any hawks c\ld possibly be    
sup]ior to !m4 ,&1 z su* hawks z we h   
describ$ exi/1 ! inevitable conclusion  
is1 t :]e falconry is really und]/ood1 x
 is und]/ood z well z x ev] 02 or1 9 o!r
 words1 t mod]n falconry1 z f> z !      
p]fection ( individual hawks is conc]n$1
 is equal to anci5t4  ,our =efa!rs1     
excell5t falcon]s z !y 71 *ose to make a
 wond]ful my/]y ( _! craft2 & :5 !y did 
publi% a book on ! subject ( _! great   
sport1 its directions c\ld only avail ! 
g5try ( ^? exclusive times4 ,9 exam9+ ^!
 books1 "o is sometimes almo/ tempt$ to 
d\bt :e!r ! writ]s really (f]$ ! :ole ( 
_! cont5ts 9 a _s ( good fai?2 at any   
rate1 "s ( ! advice is v />tl+ to mod]n 
e>s2 & no sane man ( ! pres5t day w\ld  
dream ( foll[+ x4 ,p]haps ! read] w\ld l
 an extract4 ,"h1 !n1 is a recipe = a   
sick hawk1 extract$ f ,! ,g5tleman's    
,recreation1 publi%$ #afgg3 ,take g]m&]1

 pelam\nta91 basil1 grummel-se$1 &      
broom-fl[]s1 ( ea* half an ounce2       
hyssop1 sassafras1 polypodium1 &        
horse-m9ts1 ( ea* a qu>t] ( an ounce1 & 
! l ( nutmegs2 cubebs1 borage1 mummy1   
mugwort1 sage1 & ! f\r k9ds (           
mirobolans1 ( ea* half an ounce2 ( aloes
 soccotr9e ! fif? "p ( an ounce1 & (    
saffron "o :ole ounce4 ,to be put into a
 h5's gut1 ti$ at bo? ends4 ,:at 0      
suppos$ to be ! effect ( ?is m>vell\s   
mixture1 x is some:at h>d to div9e2 b   
our mod]n ph>macopoeia w\ld be cont5t ) 
a little rhub>b & a few pepp]corns4 ,)  
reg>d to food1 we are told1 9 ! same "w1
 t cock's fle% is prop] = falcons t are 
melan*olick2 & t phlegmatick birds are  
to be treat$ 9 a diff]5t way--possibly  
f$ on pullets4 ,7 ?is pap] int5d$ z a   
notice ( anci5t1 in/ead ( mod]n         
falconry1 we might multiply in/ances to 
%[ ! extreme fadd9ess ( ! old falcon]s4 
#die  ,simply to tame a hawk is         
excessively easy4 ,to tra9 x1 up to a   
c]ta9 po9t1 is n at all difficult4 ,b x 

requires an old & practis$ h& to produce
 a bird ( fir/-rate excell5ce4  ,! mod]n
 r\t9e ( tra9+ ! p]egr9e falcon is      
%ortly z foll[s3 ,"y birds are procur$1 
g5]ally f ,scotl&1 ei!r j be=e !y c fly1
 or j aft]4 ,!y are plac$ 9 "s /raw1 on 
a plat=m1 9 an ou?\se1 :i* ought to op5 
to ! s\!a/4 ,!y are furni%$ ea* ) a l>ge
 bell 7! size ( a v small walnut7 = !   
leg2 & ea* ) a c\ple ( jessies 7%ort    
/raps ( lea!r7 = bo? legs4 ,if !y are   
unable to fly1 ! door ( ! coa*-h\se 7or 
:atev] ! ou?\se may be7 %\ld be left    
op52 b if !y h tol]able use ( _! w+s1 x 
w be necess>y to close x = ! fir/ few   
days4 ,!y are f$ twice a day )          
beef/eak--*ang$1 occasionally1 = rabbit1
 rook1 or pigeon2 &1 if ! birds are v   
"y1 ! food mu/ be cut up small2 b x is  
improp] to take !m f ! ne/ until !      
fea!rs h %[n !mselves ?or\ghly ?r\gh !  
:ite d[n4 ,a lure is !n us$4 ,?is       
in/rum5t ne$ be no?+ m ?an a =k$ &      
some:at heavy piece ( wood 7sometimes   
cov]$ ) lea!r71 to :i* is fa/5$ a /rap &

 a c\ple ( pigeons' w+s4 ,to ?is meat is
 ti$2 & ! "y hawks are enc\rag$ to fly  
d[n f _! plat=m1 at ! /at$ fe$+ times1  
to take _! meals f x1 ! falcon] ei!r    
l\dly :i/l+ or %\t+ to !m ! :ile4       
,pres5tly1 & z !y become acqua9t$ ) !   
lures1 !y are p]mitt$ to fly at l>ge = a
 =tnight or ?ree weeks2 &1 if !         
fe$+-times be kept1 ! lures well furni%$
 ) food1 & ! %\t or :i/le employ$1 !    
hawks w c]ta9ly return :5 !y are due2   
unless1 inde$1 !y h be5 injur$ or       
de/roy$ :5 f home1 by accid5t or malice4
 ,?is fly+ at lib]ty is t]m$ fly+ at    
hack4 ,:5 ! "y hawks %[ any disposition 
to prey = !mselves 7?\gh ! heavy bells  
are int5d$ slightly to delay ?is71 !y   
are tak5 up f hack1 ei!r ) a small net1 
or ) ! h&4 ,!y are !n taught to we> !   
hood1 & are c>ri$ on ! fi/4 ,9 a few    
days !y are suffici5tly tame to be tru/$
 at l>ge1 & may be fl[n at "y gr\se or  
pigeons1 ! heavy bells hav+ be5 *ang$ = 
! lighte/ procurable4 ,at ?is p]iod     
great pa9s are tak5 by ! falcon] to     

prev5t 8 bird c>ry+ h] game2 = x is     
obvi\s t1 7 ! hawk to move :5 he        
approa*$ h]1 he w\ld be subject         
con/antly to ! greate/ tr\ble &         
disappo9tm5t4 ,! tales told 9 books ab\t
 hawks br++ qu>ry to _! ma/] are absurd2
 ! falcon] mu/ g to 8 hawk4 ,su* is a   
sket* ( ! tra9+ 9 mod]n times ( ! eyas  
or "y bird4 ,wild-caught hawks1 h[ev]1  
call$ hagg>ds1 are occasionally us$4    
,^!1 ?\gh excell5t = h]ons & rooks1 are 
n good = game-hawk+1 z x is difficult to
 make !m wait on ab\t ! falcon]1 & all  
game mu/ be fl[n f ! air1 & n f ! hood2 
i4e41 by a hawk f h] pit*1 & n f ! fi/ (
 h] ma/]4 ,hagg>ds1 ( c\rse1 are nev]   
fl[n at hack4 ,! ti]cel1 or male        
p]egr9e1 is excell5t = p>tridges &      
pigeons2 b ! female bird only c h a     
*ance ) h]ons1 & is to be pref]r$ also =
 gr\se & rooks4  ,we h 9 ?is c\ntry     
sev]al tra9$ go%awks1 :i* are fl[n at   
rabbits2 also sometimes at h>es &       
pheasants4 ,! m]l91 too1 is occasionally
 tra9$3 ! pres5t writ] flew ^! beautiful

 little birds at l>ks = ye>s2 b gave !m 
up 9 #aheg1 & conf9$ himself entirely to
 p]egr9es & go%awks4 ,! sp>r[-hawk1 !   
wilde/ ( hawks1 is sometimes us$ = small
 birds4 ,! hobby is h>dly to be procur$4
 ,! ,icel& & ,gre5l& falcons are priz$1 
b are r>ely met )4  ,^! l>ge birds are  
call$ g]falcons2 &1 :5 v :ite1 & good 9 
! field1 fet*$ extravagant prices 9 !   
old times4 ,!y may n[ sometimes be      
procur$ untra9$ = ,l#e or ,l#f ea*2 b ! 
p]egr9e is l>ge en\gh = ! game ( ?is    
c\ntry4  #dif  ,x may be int]e/+ to "k1 
9 some?+ l detail1 :at a flight at game1
 rooks1 pigeons1 or magpies is l h[ x is
 conduct$1 & to :at ext5t ! sagacity (  
hawks may be develop$4 ,to ?is end1 we w
 give a sket* or two ( :at is be+ done  
n[1 & :at w be done 9 ! game season4    
,at ?is season ( ! ye>1 & 9 ?is c\ntry1 
falcon]s are oblig$ to be cont5t ) rook1
 pigeon1 or magpie fly+4 ,su* qu>ry is  
fl[n out ( ! hood1 & n f ! air2 i4e4 !  
hawk1 in/ead ( wait+ on ov] ! falcon] 9 
expectation ( qu>ry be+ sprung1 is      

unhood$ z x rises1 & is ca/ (f f ! fi/4 
,at lea/ ! only exception to ?is is :5  
pigeons are ?r[n f ! h& 9 ord] to tea* a
 hawk to wait on4  ,x w be und]/ood t1 9
 ! foll[+ description1 ! p]egr9e is     
suppos$ to be us$1 = a long-w+$ hawk is 
necess>y = ! flights ab\t to be         
describ$1 & ! m]l9 is too small to be   
dep5d$ ^u = any?+ l>g] ?an a black-bird1
 or a "y p>tridge2 ?\gh ! be/ females   
are good = pigeons4  ,let u g out       
to-day1 !n1 & try to kill a rook or two 
on ! neighbor+ common4 ,! hawks are 9   
good condition2 n inde$ z fat z ?\gh !y 
7 put up to m\lt1 b ) pl5ty ( fle% &    
muscle1 & w9d kept good by almo/ daily  
ex]cise4 ,we h a hagg>d ti]cel & a      
hagg>d falcon2 also two eyas falcons2   
all are up to _! "w & h be5 well ent]$  
to rooks4 ,we %all n tr\ble ourselves to
 take out ! cadge to-day1 = our p>ty is 
q /rong en\gh to c>ry ! hawks on ! fi/4 
,only two ( u are m\nt$1 a lady & a     
g5tleman2 ! re/ w run4 ,! lady w\ld c>ry
 ! little ti]cel1 b %e is afraid le/ %e 

%\ld make a blund] 9 unhood+ him1 z h]  
m>e is r fre% ?is morn+2 b h] companion1
 :o has fl[n _m a hawk1 will+ly takes   
*>ge ( him4  ,we are well on ! common   
n[2 & lo6 a black mass on ! gr\nd !re1 )
 a few black spots float+ ov]4 ,h>k to !
 di/ant caw6 ,a cl]ical meet+4 ,let u   
give !m a bi%op1 !n1 says ! be>] ( !    
ti]cel1 :i* is call$ by t "n4 ,! w9d is 
f !m to u4 ,! horseman & 8 companion    
cant] onw>d2 we foll[ at a sl[ run4 ,!  
horses approa* ! flock2 ! black mass    
becomes di/urb$ & rises2 ! bi%op is ?r[n
 (f ) a %\t ( ,hoo1 ha6 ha6 & ru%es     
among/ 8 cl]gy ) ev5 m ?an episcopal    
en]gy4 ,!re is full en\gh w9d2 ! rooks  
are soon into x1 & r++ up 9 a compact   
body ) a pace :i*1 = !m1 is v good4 ,8  
lord%ip1 too1 is m\nt+3 he rose 9 a     
/raight l9e ! mom5t he left ! fi/1 b he 
is n[ mak+ a l>ge circle to get above 8 
qu>ry4 ,he has rea*$ !m1 b he does n    
grapple ) ! fir/ bird he comes ne>1 ?\gh
 he seems exce$+ly close to x4 ,b !re is
 some?+ s ?or\ghly sy/ematic 9 8        

movem5ts1 some?+ :i* s sugge/s a long & 
deadly exp]i5ce1 t ev5 ! un9itiat$ ( !  
p>ty feel c]ta9 t he is do+ ! "r ?+4 ,he
 is ne>ly above !m4 ,a rook has left !  
flock--! v wor/ ?+ he c\ld possibly d = 
8 own sake3 he has sav$ ! bi%op ! tr\ble
 ( selection4 ,he makes = "s trees 9 !  
di/ance1 b x is inconceivable t he c    
rea* !m4 ,!re6 & !re6 ,n[ aga96 ,he is  
clut*$ at ! ?ird /oop1 & bo? birds1 9 a 
deadly embrace1 flap & twi/ to ! gr\nd  
toge!r4 ,! re/ are high 9 ! air1 & a    
long way (f4  ,x mu/ n be consid]$ t ?is
 ti]cel did n da% at once into ! :ole   
flock because he 0 afraid to d s4 ,he _h
 no fe> :atev]2 b nature or exp]i5ce    
taught him t a /oop f above 0 wor?      
half-a-doz5 attempts to fly level &     
grapple4  ,x's poor "w aft] all1 said "o
 ( ! p>ty1 :o _h run = x not)/&+2 ^!    
brutes c't fly1 #dig & x's almo/ an     
insult to a fir/-rate hawk to unhood him
 at su* qu>ry4 ,ev5 ! hawks don't fly ) 
! same da% t "o sees :5 a /rong pigeon  
is on ! w+4 ,beside1 x's spoil+ ! eyases

 = game-hawk+2 :5 !y ought to be 'wait+ 
on' ov] gr\se1 !y w be />t+ aft] ! fir/ 
rook t passes4  ,my good fell[1 answ]$  
ano!r1 y mu/ hawk rooks n[1 or be cont5t
 ) pigeons1 unless y c f9d magpies 7we w
 try t pres5tly73 !re are no h]ons      
any:]e ne> 7& ,i don't "k t ! eyases    
w\ld fly !m if !re 772 &1 z = fly+ a    
h\se-pigeon1 :i* has be5 br\ght to !    
field 9 a basket1 ?\gh ,i grant !       
goodness ( ! flight1 ,i don't see !     
sport4 ,if we c\ld f9d wood-pigeons f>  
en\gh f trees1 ,i %\ld l t4 ,z = ! game 
next season1 !re are n _m rooks on !    
moors2 &1 z ^! falcons w\ld fly rooks   
ev5 if !y _h n se5 !m = a ye>1 ,i don't 
?9k we are los+ mu* by :at we are do+4  
,x is ex]cise at any rate2 &1 beside1 ,i
 assure y t ,i h se5 an old cock-rook1 9
 a w9d l ?is1 live = a mile1 be=e "o ( !
 be/ falcons 9 ! _w1 :]e !re 0 n a s+le 
tree to %elt] him4  ,we are compell$ to 
g "s di/ance be=e we c see a black      
fea!r2 = rooks1 once fright5$1 are v    
c>eful2 or r1 we %\ld h be5 s compell$  

_h x n happ5$ t an old c>rion-cr[1      
p]haps l$ ne> ! spot by curiosity1 is   
se5 pass+ at ! di/ance ( ab\t two hundr$
 y>ds4 ,! passage-falcon is in/antly    
unhood$ & ca/ (f2 &1 z we are n[ 9 !    
neighborhood ( a few scatt]$ trees1 x   
takes t5 m9utes to kill him2 & a %ort   
"t1 too1 = he has tre$ himself "s eight 
or t5 times 9 spite ( our ef=ts to make 
him take ! op54  ,our "t is %ort to-day2
 b let u get a magpie1 if possible1 be=e
 we g home4 ,our fair companion is fully
 z anxi\s = ! sport z we are4 ,only a   
mile (f !re is a nice c\ntry2 l>ge grass
 fields1 small f5ces1 ) a bu% "h & !re4 
,we h rea*$ x4 ,a magpie has fl[n f !   
top ( t s+le tree 9 ! h$g][1 & is skimm+
 d[n ! field4 ,(f ) ! "y falcons3 wait  
till ! fir/ sees him2 n[ unhood !       
second4 ,ah6 he sees !m1 & flies along !
 side ( ! h$ge4 ,let u ride & run6 ,get 
him out ( cov] z fa/ z possible1 :ile ! 
hawks wait on above4 ,pray1 sir1 jump ! 
f5ce a little l[] d[n1 & help to get him
 out f ! o!r side4 ,hoo-ha-ha6 !re he   

goes4 ,well /oop$1 ,v5geance1 & ne>ly   
clut*$1 ,gu9ev]e1 b he has rea*$ ! tree 
9 ! h$g][1 & is mov+ 8 long tail ab\t 9 
! mo/ absurd mann]4 ,a good smack ( !   
:ip1 & he is (f aga94 ,& s we g on = a  
qu>t] ( an h\r1 rid+1 runn+1 %\t+1 till 
,gu9ev]e clut*es him j z he is ab\t to  
ent] a clump ( trees4 ,:o-:oop6  ,su* is
 rook-hawk+ & magpie-hawk+4 ,9 an op5   
pla91 & on a tol]ably /ill day1 a great 
numb] ( rooks may be kill$ ) good hawks4
 ,ei!r eyas or passage-falcons may be   
us$4 ,la/ ye>1 "o hundr$ & fifty-two    
rooks & two c>rion-cr[s 7 kill$ by "s   
(fic]s1 on ! f9e/ place = rook-fly+ 9   
,engl&1 ) "s passage-hawks & two eyases4
 ,9 #ahfc1 n9ety rooks 7 kill$1 ne> !   
same spot1 ) eyases4 ,ti]cels are bett] 
?an falcons = magpie-hawk+1 z !y are    
unque/ionably quick] among/ h$g][s1 & c 
turn 9 a small] compass4 ,"o ti]cel has 
be5 kn[n to kill eight magpies 9 a day2 
b ?is is extraord9>y "w4  ,to prev5t    
confusion1 x may be z well to m5tion "h 
t ! t]m hagg>d & passage-hawk bo? mean a

 wild-caught hawk2 :ile eyas signifies a
 bird tak5 f ! ne/ or eyrie4            
,h]on-hawk+ requires an op5 c\ntry1 ) a 
h]onry 9 ! neighborhood4 ,! qu>ry is    
fl[n at g5]ally by passage-hawks2 b a   
few #dih v good eyases h be5 f\nd equal 
to ! flight4  ,game-hawk+ is conduct$ 9 
! foll[+ mann]3 ,let u suppose1 9 ! fir/
 in/ance1 t ! falcon] is liv+ 9 !       
imm$iate neighborhood ( gr\se-moors1 & t
 he wi%es1 on "s f9e morn+ at ! end (   
,octob] or ! beg9n+ ( ,novemb]1 to %[ 8 
fri5d a flight or two at gr\se1 )\t go+ 
v f> = ! sport4 ,! old po9t] is summon$2
 ,! ,pr9cess1 an eyas falcon 9 ! second 
plumage1 is hood$2 & ! walk is comm5c$4 
,n[1 v e>ly 9 ! season on ! moors1 &    
?r\gh ! :ole ( ,septemb] ) p>tridges1 x 
is bett] to wait = a po9t be=e ! hawk is
 ca/ (t1 = ?is saves "t1 & y "k t y h   
game "u y2 b at t p]iod ( ! season :i*  
we h nam$1 gr\se rise ! mom5t man or dog
 is se51 & y w\ld h a bad *ance inde$ 7 
y to fly y\r hawk out ( ! hood 7i4e41 f 
! fi/7 at !m4 ,! be/ way is to keep y\r 

dog to heel1 n to talk1 &1 j be=e y %[  
y\rself 9 "s likely place1 to ?r[ up !  
falcon4 ,:5 %e has rea*$ h] pit*1 :i* %e
 w soon d1 hurry ! dog on1 run1 clap y\r
 h&s1 & get ! birds up z soon z may be4 
,! hill is asc5d$1 ,! ,pr9cess is at h] 
pit*--:]e %e w\ld rema91 foll[+ h] ma/] 
& ,%ot ! po9t]1 = t5 m9utes if necess>y4
 ,"s m9utes pass3 an old cock-gr\se1 put
 up by a %eph]d-dog1 rises a c\ple (    
hundr$ y>ds (f4 ,hoo-ha-ha-ha6 ,!       
,pr9cess vani%es f h] po/1 m rapidly ?an
 ! knights 9 ,ivanhoe left !irs4 ,%e    
does n droop or fly ne> ! gr\nd 7%e has 
_h too mu* exp]i5ce = t71  b almo/ rises
 z %e %oots (f aft] him4 ,_h he ris5 "u 
h]1 %e w\ld h cut him ov]2 b ?is is a   
diff]5t affair4 ,!y are soon out ( sight
 d[n ! hill2 b a m>k] has be5 plac$ t   
way4 ,i ?9k %e has kill$ him1 sir1 he   
%\ts pres5tly2 b x's a long way4 ,no1   
%e's com+ back2 %e mu/ h put him into   
cov]4 ,up & d[n hill1 x w\ld take u     
tw5ty m9utes to get !re2 & see6 %e is   
ov] our heads1 wait+ on aga91 & tell+ u1

 z well z %e c1 to spr+ ano!r4 ,a po9t6 
h[ is t8--only t !re are "s m :i* d>e n 
rise because !y h se5 h]4 ,hi 91 ',%ot6'
 ,aga9 ! falcon]'s %\t />tles 8 fri5d2  
aga9 ,! ,pr9cess passes ?r\gh ! air l an
 arr[4 ,all "r ?is "t1 sir1 cries !     
m>k]2 ,i see h] ) x "u yon wall4 ,%e has
 sc>cely begun to eat ! head z we rea*  
h]4 ,"o m flight4 ,%e is lift$ on !     
gr\se2 ! lea% is pass$ ?r\gh ! jesses1 &
 !n %e is hood$4 ,let u re/ = t5 m9utes4
 ,aga91 %e is wait+ on1 aga9 %e flies2 b
 ?is "t1 ?\gh we see ! flight =         
?ree-qu>t]s ( a mile1 ! birds top a     
hill1 & we are an h\r 9 f9d+ !m4 ,!     
gr\se1 h[ev]1 is fit = cook+ ev5 !n2    
only ! head1 neck1 & "s ( ! back h      
vani%$3 x is pluck$ ne>ly z well z ?\gh 
x _h be5 9 ! h&s ( a cook4 ,t w d1 & v  
good sport1 too1 consid]+ we _h b "o    
hawk4 ,let u n[ fe$ h] up on beef1 &    
hood h]4  ,9 ! v e>ly "p ( ! season1 )  
gr\se1 & commonly ) p>tridges1 x is     
usual 7z we h h9t$7 to wait = a po9t2 ! 
hawk is !n ca/ (f1 & ! birds are sprung 

:5 %e has rea*$ h] pit*4  ,go%awks1 :i* 
may be occasionally procur$ f ! ,reg5t's
 ,p>k ,zoological ,g>d5s1 or directly f 
,sw$5 or ,g]many1 are consid]$ by "s    
falcon]s to be difficult birds to       
manage4 ,t !y are sulkily dispos$ is    
c]ta92 b 9 h&s accu/om$ to !m1 & :5 !y  
are con/antly at "w1 !y are exce$+ly    
tru/wor?y1 ev5 affectionate1 & w take z 
_m z eight or t5 rabbits 9 a day4 ,!y   
are %ort-w+$ hawks1 & h no *ance ) any?+
 fa/] ?an a ris+ pheasant2 !y are #dii  
excell5t = rabbits1 & a few l>ge ones w 
sometimes hold a h>e4 ,9 mod]n practice 
!y are nev] hood$1 except 9 travell+1 & 
are always fl[n f ! fi/1 or f "s tree 9 
:i* !y may h p]*$ aft] an unsuccessful  
flight4  ,!re are probably1 9 ^! isl&s1 
ab\t fifte5 practical falcon]s1 ?ree or 
f\r ( :om are pr(essional2 ( ! latt]1   
,john ,pells & ! ,b>rs are well wor?y ( 
m5tion4  ,john ,pells 0 born at ,l[e/(t 
9 #ahae1 & w5t1 :5 he 0 ?irte51 ) 8 fa!r
 to ,valkneswa>d to take passage-hawks =
 ! ,didl+ton ,subscription ,club2 s t he

 0 v soon 9 h>ness4 ,! eld] ,pells      
comm5c$ 8 c>e] at ! age ( elev51 & 0 9 e
 respect a p]fect falcon]2 he 0 pres5t$ 
by ,napoleon ,i4 ) a falcon]'s bag1 :i* 
is n[ 9 possession ( ! ,duke ( ,le$s4   
,he di$ 9 #ahch4 ,! pres5t ,john ,pells 
has _h all possible advantages 9 8      
call+1 & has made e use ( !m4 ,he 0     
falcon] to ! ,duke ( ,le$s1 to ,mr4     
,o',keeffe1 to ,mr4 ,e4 ,c4 ,newcome1 to
 ! late ,duke ( ,/4 ,albans1 & n[ att5ds
 to ! hawks :i* ! pres5t duke is b\nd1  
ei!r by etiquette or necessity1 to      
ma9ta94 ,pells also sells tra9$ hawks1 &
 gives lessons 9 ! art ( falconry4 ,he 0
 at "o "t an exce$+ly active man1 & sp5t
 six mon?s 9 ,icel&1 cat*+ ,icel&       
falcons4 ,aft] endur+ a good deal ( cold
 & fatigue1 he br\ght fifte5 ( ^! birds 
to ,br&on1 9 ,norfolk1 9 ,novemb]1      
#ahde4 ,he is n[ too /\t & too g\ty =   
/rong ex]cise1 b 8 exp]i5ce is v        
valuable4  ,too mu* c h>dly be said 9   
raise ( ,john & ,rob]t ,b>r 7bro!rs74   
,_! fa!r1 a gamekeep] 9 ,scotl&1 taught 

!m1 9 a r\gh way1 ! rudim5ts ( falconry1
 ,!y are n[1 & h be5 = a long "t1 mo/   
accompli%$ falcon]s1 ,:5 9 ! employm5t (
 ! ,indian pr9ce ,dhuleep ,s+h1 ,john   
,b>r 0 s5t to ,india to le>n ! ,indian  
sy/em ( falconry4 ,!re is "s notion n[ (
 8 be+ plac$ at ! head ( a hawk+ club   
ab\t to be e/abli%$ 9 ,p>is2 & ,engli%  
falconry might well be pr\d ( su* a     
repres5tative4 ,beside ! ,pells & !     
,b>rs1 we h ,paul ,moell51 ,gibbs1 &    
,bots--& "o or two m--all good4  ,9     
consequ5ce ( ! great rage = game-pres]v+
 :i* obta9s 9 ! pres5t day1 x does n    
seem unlikely t ! p]egr9e falcon may1 9 
"t1 be z ?or\ghly ext]m9at$ 9 ,scotl& & 
,irel& z ! go%awk has already be54 ,at  
pres5t1 h[ev]1 falcon]s f9d no          
difficulty 9 procur+ ^! birds1 if !y are
 will+ to pay = !m4 ,9 a selfi% po9t (  
view1 !re=e1 !y h no?+ ( :i* to compla94
 ,b x might become a "q1 at lea/ (      
consci5ce1 :e!r mank9d h ! "r1 ?\gh !y  
possibly may h ! p[]1 ( blott+ out f !  
face ( creation--s long z !re is no     

dang] to human life & limb--any         
conspicu\s type ( /r5g? or ( beauty4 ,! 
k+fi%] is s\ght to be ext]m9at$ on our  
riv]s1 ! eagle & ! falcon on our hills2 
& x is br\ght =w>d 9 ju/ification ( ?is 
slaught]--at lea/ x is br\ght =w>d 9    
effect--t ! sportsman's bag & ! angl]'s 
creel are ( mu* m importance ?an !      
wond]ful works ( ,god4 ,to all t is     
selfi% 9 ^! /rict pres]v]s ( fi% & (    
game x may be oppos$ t "p ( ! food ( !  
k+fi%] consi/s 9 m9n[s2 t ! fry ( tr\t &
 salmon1 :5 n conf9$ 9 bre$+-boxes1 are 
r>ely procur$ by ?is bird1 :i* con/antly
 fe$s ^u ! l>vae ( ! ,dytiscce &        
,libelluae1 ! real foes ( ! fry2 t !    
p]egr9e falcon1 ?\gh %e und\bt$ly kills 
v _m heal?y gr\se1 purges ! moors (     
diseas$ ones1 & drives away ! egg-/eal+ 
birds4 ,& to all t is g5]\s 9 ^! m>t9ets
 ( pres]vation x may be submitt$ t true 
sport has o!r elem5ts ?an ^? (          
acquisition & slaught]2 t ! pleasure ( a
 ramble on ! hills #ejj or by ! riv] is 
sadly da%$ if y h /ruck out "s ( !      

beauty ( ! l&scape2 & t ! incid5t ( a   
flight made by a wild hawk1 or ! fla% ( 
a k+fi%] ne> ! angl]'s rod1 is z lively 
& z well wor? relat+ z ! fall ( an extra
 gr\se to ! gun1 or ! addition ( ano!r  
tr\t to ! basket4  ------  ,f ,! ,lamp4 
,,all-,,hall[ ,,eve2 ,,or1 ,,! ,,te/ ,,(
 ,,futurity4  ,,by ,,rob]t ,,curtis4    
,,*apt] ,i4   ,i c\ld h wi%$ t !        
incid5ts :i* ,i am ab\t to describe 9 ! 
foll[+ tale _h tak5 place 9 "s locality 
) a less ,celtic1 & to ,engli% tongues a
 m pron\nceable1 "n ?an                 
,boh]-na-,mil?iogue4 ,i _h at fir/      
comm5c$ ! tale ) ! ^w itself1 ?us3      
,boh]-na-,mil?iogue1 ?\gh 9 a wild &    
remote "p ( ,irel&1 etc4 ,b ,i 0 afraid 
t1 %\ld an ,engli% read] take up & op5 !
 book1 he w\ld at ! v fir/ ^w slap x    
toge!r aga9 betwe5 ! palms ( 8 h&s1     
say+1 ,oh1 t is q en\gh = me6 ,n[1 z my 
,engli% read]s h done me va/ly good     
s]vice on =m] occasions1 ,i %\ld be     
sorry to fright5 !m at ! outset ( ?is   
new tale2 & ,i h !re=e endeavor$ to lead

 !m quietly into x4 ,) my ,iri% fri5ds  
no su* circumlocution w\ld h be5        
necess>y4 ,p]haps1 if ,i dissev] &      
expla9 ! ^w1 x may enable ev5 my ,engli%
 read]s 9 "s degree to approa* a        
successful attempt at its pronunciation4
 ,i am aw>e1 h[ev]1 ( ! difficulty !y   
exp]i5ce 9 ?is respect1 & t _! attempts 
at "s ( our easie/ names ( ,iri% places 
are really laughable--laughable1 at     
lea/1 to our ,celtic famili>ity ) !     
correct s\nd4  ,boh] is ! ,iri% =       
bridge1 & mil?iogue = a midge2          
,boh]-na-,mil?iogue1 ! midge's bridge4  
,!re n[1 if my ,engli% fri5ds _c yet    
pron\nce ! ^w prop]ly1 :i* ,i /ill d\bt1
 !y c at lea/ und]/& :at x means4 ,x 7  
idle1 ,i fe> to hope1 t !y c see any    
beauty 9 x2 & yet t x is beautiful !re c
 be no ,celtic d\bt :atev]4  ,p]haps x  
might h be5 well to h writt5 ?us f> 9 ! 
%ape ( a preface2 b z nobody n[adays    
reads prefaces1 ! matt] w\ld h be5 z bad
 z ev]4 ,i %all !re=e cont9ue n[ z ,i _h
 int5d$ to h comm5c$ at fir/4           

,boh]-na-,mil?iogue1 ?\gh 9 a wild &    
remote "p ( ,irel&1 is n )\t a c]ta9    
degree ( natural & romantic beauty1     
suit+ well ! features ( ! sc5e 9 :i* x  
lies4  ,t[]+ above a f]tile &           
well-cultivat$ pla9 fr[n & smile ! bro!r
 & si/] m\nta9s ( ,slieve-dhu &         
,slieve-bawn1 ! solid masonry ( ^:      
massive & p]p5dicul> precipices 0 built 
by no human ar*itect4 ,! pond]\s & sc[l+
 rocks ( ,slieve-dhu1 ! bro!r1 are d>k &
 indi/9ct2 :ile1 sep>at$ f x by a n>r[ &
 abrupt rav9e1 ^? ( ,slieve-bawn1 !     
si/]1 are ( a :iti% spott$ gray1        
contra/+ *e]fully ) ^? ( h] gloomy      
bro!r4  #eja  ,!re is g5]ally a /ory 9  
,irel& ab\t m\nta9s or riv]s or old ru9s
 :i* pres5t any peculi>ity ( %ape or    
feature4 ,n[ x is an und\bt$ fact1 :i*  
any t\ri/ c satisfy himself (1 t al?\gh 
f sixty to a hundr$ y>ds asund]1 !re are
 huge bumps ^u ! side ( ,slieve-bawn1   
correspond+ to :i* 9 e respect z to size
 & %ape are cavities precisely opposite 
!m 9 ! side ( ,slieve-dhu4 ,! /ory 9 ?is

 case is1 t al?\gh =m]ly ! m\nta9s 71 l 
a lov+ bro!r & si/]1 clasp$ 9 ea* o!r's 
arms1 !y qu>rell$ "o d>k night 7,i      
believe ab\t ! cause ( ?und]71 :5       
,slieve-dhu 9 a passion /ruck 8 si/] a  
bl[ 9 ! face1 & /agg]$ h] back to :]e %e
 n[ /&s1 too f> = ! possibility (       
reconciliation2 & t %e1 kn[+ !          
sup]iority ( h] p]sonal appe>ance1 /&s  
h] gr\nd1 z a pr\d contra/ to h] savage 
& unfeel+ relative4  ,deep /raight      
gullies1 worn by ! w9t] floods1 m>k !   
sides ( bo? m\nta9s into comp>tm5ts1 !  
proportion & regul>ity ( :i* might almo/
 be a matt] ( surprise1 look+ l huge    
/ripes d[n ! :ite dress ( ,slieve-bawn1 
:ile d[n t ( ,slieve-dhu !y might be    
comp>$ to black & purple plaid4  ,f> to 
! nor?1 9 ! bosom ( ! m9or hills1 lies a
 glitt]+ lake--glitt]+ :5 ! sun %9es2   
d>k1 sombre1 & almo/ imp]ceptible :5 !  
cl\ds prevail4  ,! orig9 ( ! beautiful  
"n 9 :i* ! spot itself rejoices ,i      
believe to be ?is2 b :y d ,i say        
believe8 ,x is a self-evid5t & well-kn[n

 fact4  ,along ! base ( ,slieve-bawn !re
 runs a n>r[ roade51 turn+ almo/ at "r  
angles ?r\gh ! rav9e already m5tion$1 & 
lead+ to ! flat & popul\s portion ( !   
c\ntry on ! o!r side ( ! m\nta9s1 &     
cutt+ ! j\rney1 = any p]son requir+ to g
 !re1 into ! sixte5? ( ! di/ance by !   
ma9 road4 ,9 ?is in/ance ! prov]b w\ld n
 be fulfill$1 t ! longe/ way r\nd 0 !   
%orte/ way home4 ,across "o ( !         
w9t]-torr5t b$s :i* runs d[n ! m\nta9   
side1 almo/ at ! entrance ( ! rav9e1 is 
a r\gh-built ru/ic bridge1 at a         
consid]able elevation f ! road bel[4 ,to
 ^? approa*+ x f ! l[] level1 x =ms a   
conspicu\s & exce$+ly picturesque       
object1 look+ n unlike a sort (         
ca/ellat$ def5ce to ! m\? ( ! n>r[ pass 
betwe5 ! m\nta9s4  ,?is bridge1 t[>d    
sunset ^u a summ]'s ev5+1 pres5ts a v   
curi\s & 7except 9 t spot7 an unusual   
sight4 ,:e!r x arises f any peculi>ity (
 ! h]bage 9 ! vic9ity1 or ! fissures 9 !
 m\nta9s1 or ! crevices 9 ! bridge      
itself1 z calculat$ to eng5d] !m1 x w\ld

 be h>d to say2 b x w\ld be impossible =
 any ari?metician to compute at ! r\ghe/
 guess ! millions1 ! billions ( small   
midges :i* dance 9 ! sunbeams imm$iately
 above & ar\nd ! bridge1 b 9 no o!r spot
 = miles )9 view4 ,! s+ul>ity ( _!      
movem5ts1 & ! peculi>ity ( _!           
di/ribution 9 ! air1 _c fail to attract 
! obs]vation ( ! mo/ c>eless behold]4 ,9
 sep>ate & di/9ct bat*es ( "s hundr$s ( 
millions ea*1 !y rise 9 almo/ solid     
masses until !y are lo/ sight (1 z !y   
atta9 ! level ( ! hea!r$ br[ ( ! m\nta9 
beh9d !m1 becom+ visible aga9 z !y      
desc5d into ! bright sun%9e t lies ^u ! 
:ite rocks ( ,slieve-bawn4 ,9 no in/ance
 c y p]ceive individual or scatt]$      
midges2 ea* bat* is connect$ & di/9ct 9 
itself1 sometimes oval1 sometimes almo/ 
squ>e1 b mo/ frequ5tly 9 a p]fectly r\nd
 ball4 ,no two ( ^! bat*es rise or fall 
at ! same mom5t4 ,i 0 =tunate en\gh to  
see !m myself ^u m ?an "o occasion 9    
high p]fection4 ,!y rem9d$ me ( l>ge    
balls ?r[n up & caught successively by  

"s di/+ui%$ #ejb acrobat4 ,dur+ !       
p]=mance1 a t9y little %>p :ir ( music  
fills ! atmosph]e1 :i* w\ld almo/ set y 
to sleep z y sit on ! battlem5t ( !     
bridge wat*+ & wond]+4  ,by :at law (   
creation1 or :at in/9ct ( nature1 or1 if
 by nei!r1 by :at union ( sympa?y !     
movem5ts ( ^! mil?iogues are gov]n$--=  
,i am c]ta9 !re are millions ( !m at !  
same "w 9 ! same spot ?is f9e summ]'s   
ev5+--w\ld be a curi\s & prop] /udy = an
 entomologi/2 b ,i h no "t "h to d m ?an
 describe ! facts1 7 ,i ev5 compet5t to 
ent] into ! inquiry4 ,fancy say fifty   
millions ( midges 9 a r\nd ball1 s      
arrang$ t1 "u no sudd5ness or intricacy 
( movem5t1 any "o t\*es ano!r4 ,!re is  
no say+ among/ !m1 ,keep out ( my way1 &
 don't be pu%9' me1 z ,l>ry ,doolan     
says4  ,s f>1 ! ?+ 9 itself appe>s      
miracul\s2 b :5 we come to consid] t _! 
motions1 upw>d to a c]ta9 po9t1 & d[nw>d
 to ano!r1 are simultane\s1 t ! slighte/
 turn ( _! w+s is collectively          
in/antane\s1 r5d]+ !m at "o mom5t l a   

black t>get1 & ano!r turn r5d]+ !m almo/
 invisible1 all _! movem5ts be+ z if    
guid$ by a s+le w--we are n only lo/ 9  
wond]1 b we are p]fectly unable to      
acc\nt = or compreh5d x4 ,i h (t5 be5   
surpris$1 & s1 no d\bt1 may _m ( my     
read]s h be51 at ! regul>ity ( !        
evolutions ( a flock ( />es 9 ! air1 :]e
 e twi/ & turn ( a few ?\s& pairs ( w+s 
seem$ z if mov$ by "s connect+ wire2 b  
ev5 ?is fact1 surpris+ z x is1 s9ks into
 insignificance :5 comp>$ ) ! movem5ts (
 ^! mil?iogues4  ,b putt+ all ^!        
inquiries & consid]ations aside1 !      
simple facts record$ h be5 ! orig9 ( !  
"n ) :i* ?is tale comm5ces4    ,,*apt]  
,,ii4  ,w9ifr$ ,cavana 0 an only        
daught]1 inde$ an only *ild4 ,h] fa!r1  
old ,n$ ,cavana ( ,ra?ca%1 _h be5 always
 a ?rifty & indu/ri\s man4 ,dur+ ! _m   
ye>s he _h be5 able to att5d to         
bus9ess--& he 0 an exp]i5c$ f>m]--he _h 
realiz$ a sum ( money1 :i*1 9 8 rank (  
life & by 8 less prosp]\s neighbors1    
w\ld be call$ unb\nd$ weal?1 b :i*1     

dive/$ ( t envi\s exagg]ation1 0 really 
a com=table indep5d5ce = 8 decl9+ ye>s1 
& w\ld "o ( ^? days be a h&some         
inh]itance = 8 h&some daught]4 ,n t ,n$ 
,cavana int5d$ to huxt] ! :ole ( x up1 s
 t %e %\ld n enjoy any ( x until its    
possession might s]ve to light5 h] grief
 = 8 dea?--no2 %\ld ,w9ny m>ry "s likely
 boy1 ( :om h] fa!r c\ld 9 e respect    
approve1 %e %\ld h six hundr$ p\nds1    
,r4,m4,d42 & at 8 dea? by :i* "t ,n$    
hop$ "s ( 8 gr&*ildr5 w\ld make !       
residue m necess>y--%e %\ld h all t he 0
 able to demise1 :i* 0 no paltry matt]4 
,9 ! meantime !y w\ld live happily &    
com=table1 n nigg>dly4  ,) ?is view--a  
di/ant "o1 he /ill hop$--be=e him1 &    
kn[+ t he _h already s[n a good crop1 & 
reap$ a suffici5t h>ve/ to live         
lib]ally1 die peacefully1 & be b]rid    
dac5tly1 he _h set a great portion ( 8  
l& ^u a lease dur+ 8 own life1 at !     
t]m9ation ( :i* x 0 to rev]t to 8       
son-9-law1 ( ^: exi/5ce1 long be=e t "t1
 he c\ld h no d\bt1 & = ^: "n a blank _h

 be5 left 9 8 w1 to be fill$ up 9 due "t
 be=e he di$1 or1 fail+ t ev5t--n 8     
dea?1 b a son-9-law--x 0 left solely to 
8 daught] ,w9ifr$4  ,w9ny ,cavana 01    
beyond d\bt or "q1 a v h&some girl & %e 
knew x4 ,%e knew1 too1 #ejc t %e 0 a    
cat*2 ! only "o 9 t side ( ! c\ntry2 &  
no p]son wond]$ at ! _m admir]s %e c\ld 
boa/ (1 ?\gh x 0 a ?+ %e 0 nev] kn[n to 
d2 nor did %e wond] at x h]self4 ,)\t h]
 six hundr$ p\nds1 ,w9ny c\ld h _h      
scores ( ba*elors2 & x 0 n v surpris+ if
 %e 0 h>d to be pleas$4 ,inde$1 _h ,w9ny
 ,cavana be5 p5niless1 x is possible %e 
w\ld h _h a great] numb] ( op5 admir]s1 
= h] reput$ weal? kept _m a fa9t he>t at
 a di/ance4 ,x 0 n to be wond]$ at ei!r1
 if a weal?y c\ntry beauty _h ! "n ( a  
coquette1 :e!r %e des]v$ x or n2 nor 0 x
 to be expect$ t %e c\ld give unmix$    
satisfaction to ea* ( h] admir]s2 & we  
all "k :at c5sori\sness unsuccessful    
admiration is likely to cause 9 a       
disappo9t$ he>t4  ,among/ all ^? :o 7   
said to h ent]$ = ! prize ( ,w9ny's     

he>t1 ,?omas ,murdock 0 ! favorite--n ) 
h]self1 b ! neighbors4 ,at all ev5ts he 
0 ! likely boy :om ,w9ny's fa!r _h 9 8  
eye z a husb& = 8 daught]2 & 9 writ+ 8  
w1 he _h lift$ 8 p5 f ! pap] at ! blank 
already m5tion$1 & writt5 ! "n ,?omas   
,murdock 9 ! air1 s t1 9 case matt]s    
turn$ out z he wi%$ & anticipat$1 x w\ld
 fit 9 to a nicety4  ,! t[nl&s ( ,ra?ca%
 & ,ra?ca%more1 ^u :i* ! ,cavanas &     
,murdocks liv$1 0 r a ?ickly populat$   
di/rict1 & !y _h "s well-to-d neighbors1
 beside _m :o 7 n q s well-to-d1 b 7 yet
 dec5t & respectable4 ,!re 7 ! ,boyds1 !
 ,beattys1 & ! ,br5nans1 ) ! ,cahils1 ! 
,c>tys1 & ! ,cle>ys beyond !m2 !        
,doyles1 ! ,dempseys1 & ! ,dolans n f>  
(f2 ) ! ,mulveys1 ! ,mooneys1 & !       
,morans q close4 ,! p seem$ to live 9   
alphabetical bat*es 9 t di/rict1 z if = 
! conv5i5ce ( ! c\nty cess-collector & 8
 book4 ,_m o!rs liv$ /ill fur!r (f1 b n 
s f> 79 ,irel&7 z n to be call$         
neighbors4  ,kate ,mulvey1 "o ( ! ne>e/ 
neighbors1 0 a great fri5d & companion (

 ,w9ny's4 ,if ,kate _h six hundr$ p\nds 
%e c\ld easily h rivall$ ,w9ny's good   
looks1 b %e _h n six hundr$ p5ce2 &     
not)/&+ h] magnific5t eyes1 h] :ite     
tee?1 & h] glossy br[n hair1 %e c\ld n  
look )9 miles z high into ! cl\ds z     
,w9ny c\ld4 ,/ill ,kate _h h] admir]s1  
"s ( :om ev5 ,w9ny's fonde/ glance1 )   
all h] money1 c\ld n betray into        
trea*]y4 ,b x s happ5$ t ! p]son at :om 
%e _h ?r[n h] cap _h n 7z yet1 at lea/7 
pick$ x up4    ,,*apt] ,,iii4  ,x 0 t[>d
 ! end ( ,octob]1 #ahbf4 ,!re _h be5 an 
e>ly spr+1 & ! crops _h be5 got 9       
favorably1 & 9 good "t4 ,!re _h be5 a   
wet & a w9dy ,may2 a w>m1 bright summ]  
_h succe$$ x2 & ! h>ve/ _h be5 n[ all   
ga!r$ 91 except ! potatoes1 :i* 7 9     
rapid progress ( be+ dug & pitt$4 ,x 0 a
 great day = ,irel&1 let ! advocates =  
bread/uffs say :at !y w1 be=e ! blight &
 yell[ meal _h ei!r ( !m become famili> 
) ! poor4 ,!re 7 ! ,cork r$s & ! cups1 !
 b5efits & ! ,br[n's fancies1 = half    
no?+ 9 e direction1 beside _m o!r sorts 

( potatoes1 bulg+ up ! surface ( !      
ridges--!re 7 no drills 9 ^? days2      
mehils 9 almo/ e field1 ) _! coats (f at
 ! digg+-94  ,bill1 don't lane on t boy 
on ! ridge wid y2 he's n mu* m nor a    
gossoon2 give him a />t ( y4  ,gossoon  
ani[2 be gorra1 he's z sm>t a *ap on !  
face ( a ridge z ! be/ ( u1 ,tom4  #ejd 
,ay2 b don't take x out ( him too soon1 
,bill4  ,"w away1 boys1 said ! gossoon 9
 "q2 ,i'll engage ,i'll %\ld] my loy at 
! end ( ! ridge z soon z "s ( ye t's    
spak+4  ,x 0 wan ^w = ! gossoon1 z he   
calls him1 an' two = himself1 ,bill1    
*im$ 9 ! man on ! next ridge4 ,don't    
hurry ,tom ,nolan2 8 feet's sore af!r   
all he danc$ ) ,nelly ,gaff5y la/ night4
  ,"h !re 0 a l\d & g5]al laugh at poor 
,tom ,nolan's exp5se1 & ! pick]s wom5 & 
girls1 ) h&k]*iefs ti$ ov] _! heads     
look$ up ) "o accord1 annoy$ t !y 7 too 
f> (f to he> ! joke4 ,x 0 well = "o ( !m
 t !y _h n he>d x1 = ,nelly ,gaff5y 0   
among/ !m4  ,x's _m a day1 ,pat1 s9ce y 
se5 ! likes ( !m turn$ out ( a ridge4   

,!y bate ! _w4  ,!y bang ,banagh]2 &    
,banagh]1 !y say--  ,:i/1 ,l>ry2 don't  
be dhraw+ t *ap d[n at all4  ,i se5 b   
wan bet!r ! ye>1 said ,tim ,meaney4  ,i 
say y didn't1 nor ! sorra take ! bet!r1 
nor s good4  ,arra1 didn't ,i8 ,i say ,i
 did ?\gh4  ,:]e1 avic ma cree8  ,beyant
 at ,tony ,kilroy's4  ,ay1 ay2 ,tony    
always _h a pet acre on ! side ( ! hill 
t[>d ! sun4 ,he has ! be/ bit ( l& 9 !  
p>i%4  ,y may say t1 ,micky1 ) y\r own  
purty m\?4 ,i l$ 8 mehil1 come ?is      
holl9tide w be ?ree ye>s2 an' !re wasn't
 a man ( =ty ( u b turn$ out eight /one 
( cup (f e t5 y>ds a a' f\r-split ridge4
 ,devil a ! l ( !m ,i ev] se5 a=e or    
s9ce4  ,lump]s y mane1 ,&y2 wasn't ,i   
!re8  ,is x y1 ,d>by8 no1 nor ! sorra   
take ! foot2 we all "k :]e y 7 t same   
ye>4  ,d[n 9 ! l[] "p ( ,cavan1 ,phil4  
,9 ?ro?1 x wasn't cup potatoes 0 ?r\bl9'
 him t "t2 b cups & sauc]s4 ,he dhrank a
 p[] ( tay t h>ve/1 boys4  ,"h !re 0    
ano!r l\d laugh1 & ! wom5 ) ! h&k]*iefs 
^u _! heads look$ up aga94  ,well1 ,i   

br\ght h] home dac5t1 boys2 an' :at c ye
 say to h]8  ,be gor1 no?+1 ,d>by avic1 
b t %e's an iligant purty cra?ur1 & a   
cr$it to !m t owns h]1 an' !m t re>$ h]4
  ,! sorra ^w ( lie 9 t1 e*o$ e man 9 ! 
mehil4  ,?us ! m]ry *at & laugh w5t on 9
 e potato-field4 ,! wom51 f9d+ t !y _h  
too mu* to d to enable !m to keep close 
to ! m51 & t !y 7 los+ ! fun1 ( c\rse   
got up a *at = !mselves1 & took good c>e
 to h "s l\d & he>ty laughs1 :i* made ! 
m5 9 _! turn look up1 & lean ^u _! loys4
  ,ev]y?+ ab\t ,ra?ca% & ,ra?ca%more 0  
prosp]\s & happy1 & ! f>m]s 7 *e]ful &  
op5-he>t$4  ,t's gr& wea!r1 glory be to 
,god1 ,n$1 = ! "t ( ye>1 said ,mick     
,murdock to 8 neighbor ,cavana1 :o 0    
lean+1 ) 8 arms fold$1 on a field-gate  
ne> ! me>+ ( _! two f>ms4 ,! f>ms lay   
alongside ( ea* o!r "o 9 ! t[n-l& (     
,ra?ca%1 & ! o!r 9 ,ra?ca%more4         
,c\ldn't be bet1 ,mick4 ,i'm upw>d ( =ty
 ye>s /ann9' 9 ?is spot1 an' ,i nev] se5
 ! bat9' ( x4  ,be gorra1 y h a "r to be
 tir$1 ,n$2 t's a long /ann9'4  ,! sorra

 tir$1 ,mick a wo*al4 ,y "k v well :at  
,i mane1 an' y ne$n't be s %>p4 ,i'd    
nev] be tir$ ( ! same spot4  ,!m's a    
good score ( calves1 ,n$2 ,god bless y  
an' !m6 said ,mick1 mak+ up = 8 %>pness4
  ,an' y too1 ,mick4 ,!y are a f9e lot (
 calves1 an' all re>$ s9ce ,c&lemas4    
#eje  ,!re's no d5y+1 ,n$1 b y m$ ! mo/ 
( t bit ( l& ( y\rs4  ',tis ab\t ! same 
z y\r own1 ,mick2 an' ,i ?9k y m$ z good
 a fi/ ( y\rs4  ,well1 maybe s1 inde$2 b
 ,i d\bt x is go+ into worse h&s ?an :at
 y\rs w1 ,n$4  ,:y t1 ,mick8  ,ah1 t    
,tom ( m9e is a wild extravagant h]o4   
,he doesn't "k mu* ab\t ! value ( money1
 & nev] paid any att5tion to f>m+       
bus9ess1 only :at he 0 oblig$ to pick up
 f be+ ) me4 ,he ?9ks he'll be ri* en\gh
 :5 ,i'm 9 my clay1 )\t mu* "w4 ,an' s  
he w1 ,n$1 s f> z t goes2 b x's only (  
book-l>n9' an' horse-rac9' an' coors9'  
he's ?9k9'1 by way ( be+ a sort (       
g5tleman "o ( ^? days2 b he'll f9d to 8 
co/1 9 ! la!r end1 t !re's m want9' to  
gr[ good crops ?an ',! ,f>m]'s ,cal5d> (

 ,op]ations4'  ,he's "y1 ,mick1 an' no  
d\bt he'll m5d4 ,i hope y don't         
disc\rage him4  ,n at all1 ,n$4 ,!      
book-l>n9 's all well en\gh1 z f> z x   
goes1 if he'd put ! practice along ) x1 
an' be /uddy4  ,s he w1 ,mick4 ,8       
wild-oats w soon be all s[n1 an' !n y'll
 see :at a *ap he'll be4  ,faix1 ,i'd r 
see him s[+ a crop ( yall[ ,ab]de5s1    
,n$1 next ,june2 an' maybe x's :at x's  
at ! ,curragh ( ,kild>e he'll be1 z ,i c
 he>4 ,my advice to him is to get m>ri$ 
to "s dac5t nice girl1 t id take !      
wildness out ( him1 & lay himself d[n to
 bus9ess4 ,y "k1 ,n$1 he'll h e p5ny &  
/ick ,i h 9 ! _w2 & ! lease ( my h\ld+ 9
 ,ra?ca%more is z good z an e/ate at !  
r5t ,i pay4 ,if he'd give up 8 me&h]9'1 
& take a dac5t lik+ to !m t's fit = him1
 ,i'd set him up all at wan/1 an' n be  
keep+ him out ( x until ,i 0 dead an'   
b]rid4  ,! above 0 n a bad feel]1 nor 0 
x badly put by old ,mick ,murdock to 8  
neighbor4 ,!m t's fit = him c\ld h>dly  
be mi/ak52 yet !re 0 a c]ta9 degree (   

disp>agem5t ( 8 own son calculat$ to    
conceal 8 object4 ,x elicit$ no?+1      
h[ev]1 b a long ?\ghtful sil5ce ^u old  
,n$ ,cavana's "p1 :i* ,mick 0 n sl[ to  
int]pret1 & did n wi% to int]rupt4 ,at  
la/ ,n$ /ood up f ! gate1 & smoo?+ d[n !
 sleeves ( 8 coat1 z if he suppos$ !y _h
 contract$ "s du/1 he obs]v$1 ,i'm      
afe>'d1 ,mick1 y're putt9' ! c>t be=e ! 
horse2 come until ,i %[ y a few ridges (
 r$ apples ,i'm digg9' out to-day4 ,y'd 
?9k ,i actially got !m c>t$ 91 an'      
?reune !m ^u ! ridges3 ! l ( !m ,i nev] 
se54  ,& ! two old m5 walk$ d[n ! lane  
toge!r4  ,b ,mick ,murdock's feel] 0 n  
=gott5 by ei!r ( !m4 ,mick 0 z well     
pleas$--p]haps bett]--t no fur!r        
discussion took place ^u ! subject at ! 
"t4 ,he knew ,n$ ,cavana 0 n a man to   
commit himself to a ha/y op9ion ^u any  
matt]1 mu* less ^u "o ( su* importance z
 0 s pla9ly sugge/$ by 8 obs]vations4   
,n$ ,cavana1 too1 brood$ ov] !          
conv]sation 9 sil5ce1 det]m9$ to ?r[ out
 a feel] ( 8 own to 8 daught]4  ,n$ _h  

himself m ?an once contemplat$ !        
possibility z well z ! prud5ce ( a mat* 
betwe5 ,tom ,murdock & 8 daught]4 ,!    
union1 n ( !mselves alone1 b ( ! two    
f>ms1 w\ld almo/ make a g5tleman ( !    
p]son hold+ !m4 ,bo? f>ms 7 held ^u     
unusually long leases1 & at less ?an    
"o-?ird ( _! value4 ,if jo9$1 !re c\ld  
be no d\bt b1 ) ! c>eful & indu/ri\s    
managem5t ( an exp]i5c$ man1 !y w\ld    
turn 9 a cle> income ( betwe5 five & six
 hundr$ a ye>2 q suffici5t 9 t "p ( ! _w
 to entitle #ejf a p]son ( ev5 tol]ably 
good education to look up to ! gr&-jury 
li/ & a ju/ice ( ! pace4  ,! only "q )  
,n$ ,cavana 01 ,did ,tom ,murdock       
possess ! attributes requir$ = success 9
 all or any ( ! above respects8 ,n$1    
al?\gh he _h tak5 8 "p ) 8 fa!r1 fe>$ n4
 ,ay1 !re 0 ano!r "q1 ,0 ,w9ny incl9$ = 
him8 ,he fe>$ n also4  ,! o!r old man _h
 n =gott5 ! feel] he _h ?r[n out ei!r1  
nor ! ?\ghtful sil5ce ) :i* x _h be5    
receiv$2 = ,mick ,murdock c\ld n believe
 t a man ( ,n$ ,cavana's p5etration _h  

misund]/ood him4 ,inde$1 he 0 incl9$ to 
?9k t ! same matt] might h orig9at$ 9   
,n$'s own m9d1 f "s words he _h once or 
twice dropp$ ab\t poor ,w9ny's prospects
 :5 he 0 gone1 & ! susp5se x w\ld be to 
him if %e 7 n settl$ 9 life be=e t day2 
snaffl$ p]haps by "s good-=-no?+1       
extravagant =tune-hunt]1 ) a h&some     
face1 :5 %e _h no "o to look aft] h]4   
,!re 0 b "o ^w 9 ! above :i* ,mick ?\ght
 c\ld be ju/ly appli$ to ,tom2          
extravagant he und\bt$ly 01 b he 0 nei!r
 h&some--at lea/ n h&some en\gh to be   
call$ s z a matt] ( c\rse--nor 0 he     
good-=-no?+4 ,he 0 a well-educat$ %>p   
fell[1 if he w\ld only lay himself d[n  
to bus9ess4 ,he 0 n a =tune-hunt]1 = he 
did n require x2 b idl5ess &            
extravagance might make him "o 9 ! end4 
,yet old ,mick 0 by no means c]ta9 t !  
propriety ( a mat* betwe5 ^! only & ri* 
*ildr5 _h n sugge/$ itself to 8 neighbor
 ,n$ z well z to himself4 ,he hop$ t if 
,tom _h a dac5t hank]r9' af!r any "o1 x 
0 = ,w9ny ,cavana2 b1 l h] fa!r1 he     

d\bt$ if ! girl h]self 0 incl9$ = him4  
,he knew t %e 0 pr\d & self-will$4 ,he 0
 det]m9$1 h[ev]1 to foll[ ! matt] up1 & 
?r[ out ano!r feel] ^u ! subject to 8   
son4    ,,*apt] ,,iv4  ,x 0 n[ ! #be? ( 
,octob]1 j six days f ,all-,hall[ ,eve4 
,mick w\ld ask a few ( ! neighbors to   
burn nuts & eat apples1 & !n1 p]haps1 he
 might f9d out h[ ! w9d blew4  ,tom1    
said he to 8 son1 ,i believe ?is is a   
good ye> = nuts4  ,well1 fa!r1 ,i met a 
c\ple ( *aps ere ye/]day ) _! pockets   
full ( f9e br[n %ell]s1 com+ f ,clon>d  
,wood4  ,i d>e say !y are n all gone    
yet1 ,tom2 an' ,i wi% y w\ld set !m to  
get u a few pockets full1 & we w\ld ask 
a few ( ! neighbors "h to burn !m on    
,all-,hall[ ,eve4  ,t's easy done1 fa!r2
 ,i c get ?ree or f\r qu>ts by to-morr[ 
night4 ,^? two v *aps w\ld be glad to   
e>n a few p5ce = !m2 !y want$ me to buy 
:at !y _h2 & if ,i knew y\r int5tions at
 ! "t1 ,i %\ld h done s2 b x's n too    
late4 ,:o d y int5d to ask1 fa!r8  ,:y1 
old ,cavana & 8 daught]1 ( c\rse1 & !   

,mulveys2 9 %ort1 y "k1 all ! neighbors4
 ,i won't leave any ( !m out1 ,tom4 ,!  
,cavanas1 y "k1 are all z wan z         
ourselves1 liv9' at ! doore ) u2 & !y're
 mu* l u too1 ,tom1 9 _m respects4 ,old 
,n$ is ri*1 an' has b "o *ild--a v f9e  
girl4 ,i'm old1 an' z ri* z :at ,n$ is1 
& ,i h b "o *ild2 ,i'll say ?\gh y're to
 ! =e1 ,tom--a v f9e "y man4  ,old ,mick
 paus$4 ,he want$ to see if 8 son's     
intellig5ce 0 on ! al]t4 ,x mu/ h be5 v 
dull inde$ _h x fail$ to p]ceive :at 8  
fa!r 0 driv+ at2 b he 0 sil5t4  ,t ,w9ny
 ,cavana is a v f9e girl1 ,tom1 he      
cont9u$2 & ,i (t5 wond] t a h&some "y   
fell[ l y doesn't make m ( h]4 ,%e'll h 
six hundr$ p\nds =tune1 z r\nd z a hoop2
 beside1 :oev] gets h] w fall 9 = t f>m 
at h] #ejg fa!r's dea?4 ,!re's n9ety-n9e
 ye>s ( x1 ,tom1 j l our own4  ,%e's a  
conceit$ pr\d piece ( goods1 fa!r2 & ,i 
suspect %e w\ld r give h] six hundr$    
p\nds to "s skauhawn ?an to a man (     
sub/ance l me4  ,maybe n n[4 ,did y ev] 
?ry8  ,no1 fa!r1 ,i nev] did4 ,p don't  

(t5 hold _! face up to ! hail4          
,na-bocklei%1 ,tom1 %e'd d a grate dale 
= h] fa!r1 = y "k %e mu/ owe ev]y?+ to  
him2 an' if %e vexes him he c cut h] out
 ( h] six hundr$ p\nds1 & lave ! int]e/ 
9 8 f>m to any "o he likes2 & ,i "k :at 
he ?9ks ab\t y1 ,tom4  ,ay1 & he's s    
fond ( t "o t %e c twi/ him r\nd h] f+]4
 ,wait n[1 fa!r1 until y see if ,i'm n  
up to e twi/ & turn ( ! pair ( !m4  ,b y
 nev] seem to spake to h] or m9d h] at  
all1 ,tom2 & ,i "k1 :5 ,i 0 y\r age1 ,i 
always f\nd t ! girls lik$ ! man be/ t  
look$ af!r !m mo/4 ,i'm purty sure too1 
,tom1 t !re's no "o a=e y !re4  ,i'm n s
 sure ( t1 fa!r4 ,b ,i'll tell y :at x  
is3 ,i h n be5 ei!r bl9d or idle on :at 
y are talk+ ab\t2 b up to ?is mom5t %e  
seems to scorn me1 fa!r2 !re's ! tru? = 
y4 ,& z = !re be+ no "o be=e me1 all ,i 
c say is t %e manages1 someh[ or o!r1 to
 come out ( ! *apel-door e ,sunday at ! 
same mom5t ) t :elp1 ,edw>d ,l5non1 f ! 
m\nta92 ,emon-a-knock1 z !y call him1 & 
z ,i h he>d h] call him h]self4 ,ra?ca% 

*apel is n 9 8 p>i% at all1 & ,i don't  
"k :at br+s him !re4  ,is x t poor      
p5niless paup]1 dep5d+ on 8 day's labor8
 ,ah1 ,tom1 %e's too pr\d = t4  ,yes1 t 
v fell[2 & !re's no gett+ a ^w ) h] :]e 
he is4  ,well1 ,tom1 all ,i c say is    
?is1 an' x's to my own son ,i'm say9'   
x--t if y let t fell[ pick up t f9e girl
 ) h] six hundr$ p\nds & fall into t ri*
 f>m1 an' y liv9' at ! doore ) h]1 y're 
n wor? /agg]+-bob bro?1 ) all y\r       
book-l>n9' an' good looks1 to say no?9' 
( y\r mann]s1 ,tom avic4 ,& he left him1
 say+ to himself1 ,he may put t 9 8     
pocket to balance 8 knife4  ,?us end$   
:at old ,murdock comm5c$ z a feel]1 b   
:i* became v pla9 speak+ 9 ! end4 ,b !  
,all-,hall[ ,eve p>ty 0 to come (f all !
 same4  ,a ^w or two n[ ( comp>ison1 or 
p]haps1 m prop]ly speak+1 ( contra/1    
betwe5 ^! two aspirants to ,w9ny        
,cavana's favor1 ?\gh "y ,l5non 0 /ill m
 hopeless ?an ! o!r1 f 8 position4      
,?omas ,murdock 0 m conspicu\s = !      
manl9ess ( 8 p]son ?an = ! beauties ( 8 

m9d or ! amiability ( 8 disposition4    
,al?\gh manife/ly well-look+ 9 a gr\p1  
take him s+ly1 & he c\ld n be call$ v   
h&some4 ,!re 0 a suspici\s fidget9ess   
ab\t 8 gre5-spott$ eyes1 z if he fe>$ y 
c\ld read 8 ?\ghts2 & at times1 if vex$ 
or oppos$1 a d>k sc[l ^u 8 heavy br[    
indicat$ t ^! ?\ghts 7 n always amiable4
 ,?is unpleas+ peculi>ity ( expression  
m>r$ ! good looks :i* ! %ape ( 8 face & 
! fit ( 8 curly black :isk]s            
unque/ionably gave him4 ,9 =m he 0 fully
 six feet high1 & beautifully made4 ,at 
n9ete5 ye>s ( age he _h ma/]$ n only all
 ! le>n+ :i* c\ld be atta9$ at a        
neighbor+ national s*ool1 b _h actually 
ma/]$ ! ma/] himself 9 m ways ?an "o1 & 
0 consid]$ by ! eighty-f\r y\ng/]s :om  
he _h out/ripp$ z a prodigy ( valor z   
well z le>n+4 ,b ,tom turn$ 8 s*ool+ to 
a bad acc\nt2 x 0 too sup]ficial1 & s]v$
 m to set 8 head a/ray ?an to correct 8 
he>t2 & !re 7 "s respectable #ejh p]sons
 9 ! neighborhood :o 7 n free f d\bts t 
he _h already become a p>i%-patriot1 &  

jo9$ ! ,ribbon ,society4 ,he 0 high &   
ov]be>+ t[>d 8 equals1 h>% & unk9d to 8 
inf]iors1 :ile he 0 cr++ & sycophantic  
t[>d 8 sup]iors4 ,!re 0 no?+ manly or   
/raight=w>d1 no?+ +5u\s or affectionate1
 ab\t him4 ,9 fact1 if ev] a man's temp]
 & disposition ju/ifi$ ! op9ion t he _h 
! two ways 9 him1 !y 7 ^? ( ,?omas      
,murdock4 ,8 fa!r 0 a ri* f>m]1 ^: l&   
jo9$ t ( old ,n$ ,cavana1 ( :om he 0 a  
contempor>y 9 ye>s1 & ) :om he _h kept  
pace 9 indu/ry & weal?4  ,?omas ,murdock
 0 an only son1 z ,w9ny ,cavana 0 an    
only daught]1 & ! two old m5 7 ( ! same 
m9d n[ z reg>d$ ! future lot ( _!       
*ildr54  ,a few words n[ ( ,edw>d       
,l5non1 & we c get on4  ,he 0 ! elde/ ( 
five 9 ! family4 ,!y liv$ ^u !          
m\nta9-side 9 ! p>i% ( ,%anvilla1 ab\t  
two %ort miles f ! ,cavanas & ,murdocks4
 ,8 fa!r & "m 7 bo? alive4 ,!y 7        
respectable s f> z "* & conduct c make p
 respectable :o are unque/ionably poor4 
,_! m>riage 0 :at has be5 s>ca/ically1 b
 p]haps n inaptly1 call$ by an ,engli%  

newspap] a potato m>riage2 t is--b no1 x
 w n be> explanation4 ,! result1 h[ev]1 
aft] _m ye>s' /ruggl+1 may be /at$4 ,!  
,l5nons _h liv$1 & 7 /ill liv+1 9 a     
small ?at*$ h\se ^u ! side ( a m\nta91 )
 ab\t f\r acres ( reclaim$ gr\nd4 ,x _h 
be5 reclaim$ gradually by ! fa!r & 8 two
 sons--= ,emon _h a y\ng] bro!r--& !y   
paid little or no r5t = x4 ,! second son
 & elde/ daught] 7 n[ at s]vice1 do9' = 
!irselves2 & ^? at home consi/$ ( !     
fa!r1 ! "m1 ! elde/ son1 & two y\ng]    
daught]s1 m]e *ildr54 ,= ! h\se & g>d5  
!y paid a small r5t1 :i* a slip ( a pig 
0 always ready to realize 9 suffici5t   
"t2 :ile a c\ple ( goats1 /agg]+ ?r\gh !
 furze1 yok$ toge!r by ! necks1 gave    
milk to ! family4  ,edw>d1 ?\gh n s     
well-look+ z to ! actual cut ( 8        
features1 nor s tall by an in* & a half1
 z our fri5d ,murdock1 0 f> m agreeable 
to look ^u4 ,!re 0 a confid5t           
good-nature 9 8 c\nt5ance :i* assur$ y (
 its reality1 & ! hone/y ( 8 he>t4 ,8   
figure1 f 8 well-%ap$ head1 :i* 0       

beautifully set ^u 8 %\ld]s1 to 8 small1
 well-turn$ feet1 0 faultless4 ,9       
disposition & "* "y ,l5non 0 a full     
di/ance be=e ! man to :om he 0 a secret 
rival1 :ile 9 tal5t & le>n+ he _h no?+  
to fe> by a comp>ison4 ,he _h comm5c$ 8 
education :5 a m]e gossoon at a         
poor-s*ool ) 8 turf an' 8               
read-a-ma-daisy1 & z he progress$ f     
,a-b-e-l1 bel1 a man's "n2 ,a-b-l-e1    
ble1 ,able1 p[]ful1 /rong1 until f9ally 
he c\ld spell ,antitr9it>ian pat1 he !n 
cut ! conc]n1 & 0 promot$ by 8          
p>i%-prie/--( :om m anon1 z !y say to   
,ra?ca% national s*ool1 :]e he soon /ood
 9 ! class beside ,tom ,murdock1 & ere a
 week _h pass$ he took him d[n a peg4   
,?is1 add$ to 8 suppos$ presumptu\s     
?\ghts 9 ! qu>t] :i* ,tom _h consid]$   
almo/ 8 exclusive "r1 s[$ ! se$ ( hatr$ 
9 ,murdock's he>t aga9/ ,l5non1 :i* "o  
day might be> a heavy crop4  ,t "y      
,l5non 0 devot$ly b secretly atta*$ to  
,w9ny ,cavana !re 0 no d\bt :atev] 9 8  
own m9d1 & !re 7 few :o did n agree )   

him1 al?\gh he _h nev] told 8 love2 & z 
we ,iri% h leave to say1 !re 0 /ill less
 t 8 love 0 m dis9t]e/$ ?an t ( 8 ri*]  
rival4 ,!re 0 ano!r po9t ^u :i* !re 0   
/ill less d\bt ?an ei!r1 & t 0 t ,w9ny  
,cavana's he>t secretly lean$ to        
,emon-a-knock1 z #eji "y ,l5non 0       
famili>ly call$ by all ^? :o knew & lov$
 him4 ,"o exception exi/$ to ?is cordial
 recognition ( ,emon's good qualities1 &
 t 01 z may be anticipat$1 by ,?omas    
,murdock1 :o always call$ him t ,l5non1 
& on "o occasion1 z we h se51 sub/itut$ 
! ^w :elp4  ,w9ny1 h[ev]1 kept h] secret
 9 ?is matt] to h]self4 ,%e knew h] fa!r
 w\ld g tant]9' te>9' mad1 if he        
suspect$ su* a ?+4 ,%e consci5ti\sly    
endeavor$ to hide h] pref]5ce f "y      
,l5non himself1 kn[+ t x w\ld only get  
!m bo? into tr\ble4 ,beside1 he _h nev] 
7yet7 %[n a decid$ pref]5ce = h] above  
,kate ,mulvey4 ,:e!r %e succe$$ 9 h]    
endeavors is ano!r "q2 wom5 seldom fail 
:]e !y are 9 e>ne/4  ,x is n consid]$   
among/ ! class ( ,iri% to :i* our       

dramatis p]sona belong z any undue      
famili>ity1 ^u ev5 a v %ort acqua9tance1
 = ! "y p]sons ( bo? ! sexes to call ea*
 o!r by _! ,*ri/ian names4 ,x is !      
admitt$ cu/om ( ! c\ntry1 & ,w9ny       
,cavana1 ri* & pr\d z %e 01 made no     
exception to ! g5]al rule4 ,%e ev5 w5t  
fur!r1 & sometimes call$ "y ,l5non by 8 
pet "n4 ,z reg>d$ ,tom ,murdock1 al?\gh 
%e c\ld h wi%$ x o!rwise1 %e w\ld n make
 h]self p>ticul> by act+ diff]5tly4 ,!  
fir/ ?ree lett]s ( 8 "n1 c\pl$ ) ! sc[l 
%e _h m ?an once detect$ on 8 c\nt5ance1
 s\nd$ unpleasantly ^u h] e>1 ,mur-dock4
 ,%e always ?\ght p 7 go+ to say murd]  
be=e ! dock 0 out4 ,%e nev] c\ld ?9k    
well ( him2 & al?\gh %e call$ him ,tom1 
x 0 m to be 9 keep+ ) ! habit ( !       
c\ntry1 & z a refuge f ! o!r "n1 ?an f a
 fri5dly feel+4  ,^! 7 ! mat]ials ^u :i*
 ! two old m5 _h to "w1 to br+ ab\t a   
union ( _! l&$ int]e/s & _! only *ildr54
    ,,*apt] ,v4  ,! invitations =       
,all-,hall[ ,eve 7 =?) issu$ 9 p]son by 
old ,murdock1 :o w5t f h\se to h\se 9 8 

,sunday clo!s1 & ask$ all ! respectable 
neighbors 9 ! polite/ mann]4 ,edw>d     
,l5non1 al?\gh he c\ld sc>cely be call$ 
a neighbor1 & moreov] 0 n consid]$ z    
belong+ to _! set1 0 nev]!less ask$ to  
be ( ! p>ty4 ,old ,murdock _h 8 reasons 
= ask+ him2 al?\gh1 to tell ! tru?1 he &
 8 son _h a diff]5ce ( op9ion ^u !      
subject4 ,tom ?\ght to put a spoke 9 8  
:eel1 b 0 ov]rul$ by ! old man1 :o said 
x w\ld look z if !y 7 afraid to br+ him 
& ,w9ny ,cavana toge!r2 t x 0 mu* bett] 
to let ! "y fell[ see at once t he _h no
 *ance1 :i* w\ld no d\bt be an easy     
matt] on t night3 x 0 bet!r to humiliate
 him at wan/4  ,tom 0 a%am$ n to        
acquiesce1 b wi%$ nev]!less t he might h
 _h 8 own way4 ,edw>d ,l5non liv$ too f>
 f ! ,murdocks = ! old man to g !re     
specifically ^u ! mission ( invitation2 
& ! mom5t ?is difficulty 0 h9t$ by 8    
fa!r1 ,tom1 :o 0 n 9 ! habit ( mak+ su* 
(f]s1 0 ready at once to g ov] to       
,%anvilla1 & save 8 fa!r ! walk3 he w\ld
 deliv] ! message4  ,!re 0 an anxiety 9 

,tom's mann] :i* betray$ itself2 & old  
,mick 0 n ! man to miss a ?+ ( ! k9d4   
,no1 ,tom a wo*al he obs]v$1 ,i won't   
put su* a ?ramp ^u y4 ,sure ,i'll see   
him a ,sunda'2 he always comes to our   
*apel4  ,fitt] = him /ick to 8 own1 said
 ,tom4  ,x answ]s well ?is turn1 at all 
ev5ts1 repli$ ! old man4  ,^u ! foll[+  
,sunday he 0 z good z 8 ^w4 ,he wat*$ "y
 ,l5non com+ out ( ! *apel1 & ask$ him1 
) m cordiality ?an ,tom1 :o happ5$ to be
 by1 approv$ (4  #eaj  ,_h no?+ else be5
 necess>y to secure an acceptance1 !    
fact ( ,tom ,murdock be+ pres5t w\ld h  
be5 suffici5t4 ,! look :i* he caught f  
"u ! rim ( ,tom's hat r\s$ ,l5non's     
pride1 & he accept$ ! old man's         
invitation ) unhesitat+ civility4 ,l5non
 on ?is1 z on all ,sunday occasions1 0  
dress$ 9 all 8 be/2 & t look seem$ to   
say1 ,i wond] :]e t fell[ got !m clo!s1 
& if !y're paid =3 he und]/ood ! look v 
well4 ,b ! clo!d 7 paid =1--p]haps1 too1
 m promptly ?an ,tom's own2 & a bett]   
fitt+ suit1 f top to toe1 0 n to be met 

) 9 ! :ole p>i%4 ,a ,c>ol9e hat1 smoo? &
 new1 set a wee ta/e jauntily ^u 8      
well-%ap$ head2 a %irt l ! drift$ sn[1  
loose at ! ?roat1 b button$ d[n ! brea/ 
) t9y blue buttons r\nd z sweet-pea     
se$s2 a bright plaid wai/coat1 ) ditto  
buttons to mat*1 b a size l>g]2 a pair (
 spic-an'-span knee-bree*es ( f9e       
k]sey-m]e1 ) unexceptionable /eel       
buttons & blue silk-ribbon /r+s1 ti$ to 
p]fection at ! knee2 :ile closely-fitt+ 
lamb's-wool long /ock+s %[$ (f ! %ape ( 
a pair ( legs :i*1 = symmetry1 look$ z  
if !y _h be5 turn$ 9 a la!4 ,( 8 feet ,i
 h already spok52 & on ?is occasion !y  
did n belie :at ,i said4  ,old ,mick    
desir$ ,edw>d ,l5non to br+ ,phil       
,m',d]mot ! smi?'s son ) him4 ,he 0 a   
f9e "y man1 a good danc]1 & _h m5d$ a   
c\ple ( pl\ghs = him 9 fir/-rate /yle1  
an' v raisonable1 = ! w9!r pl[+4  ,tom  
,murdock did n want = f9e clo!s1 (      
c\rse4 ,two or ?ree suits 7 at 8 comm&2 
& z ?is 0 ,sunday1 he _h "o ( 8 be/ on4 
,x 0 giv5 up to him by mo/ ( ! girls t  

he 0 ! h&some/ & be/-dress$ man 9 ! p>i%
 ( ,ra?ca%1 & "s w\ld h add$ ,%anvilla2 
yet he n[ felt1 z he /ole envi\s glances
 at "y ,l5non1 t 8 case ) ,w9ny ,cavana 
might n be altoge!r a walk ov]4 ,all    
,tom's comp>isons & metaphors _h ref]5ce
 to horse-rac+4  ,?is little incid5t1   
h[ev]1 cut "y ,l5non out ( 8 usual few  
words ) ,w9ny2 =1 z a girl ) a          
well-regulat$ m9d1 %e c\ld n v5ture to  
dawdle on ! road until old ,murdock _h  
done speak+ to ,emon3 %e knew t w\ld be 
rem>k$4 ,%e _h nev] happ5$ to see old   
,murdock speak+ to ,emon be=e1 & h]     
secret wond] n[ 0 ,c\ld x be possible t 
he 0 ask+ ,edw>d ,l5non = ,all-,hall[   
,eve8  ,q possible1 ,w9ny2 b y sc>cely h
 "t to f9d out be=e y meet him !re1 =   
ano!r ,sunday w n int]v5e be=e ! p>ty4  
,,*apt] ,,vi4  ,! la/ day ( ,octob] came
 r\nd apace1 & ab\t six o'clock 9 ! ev5+
 ! company began to arrive at old ,mick 
,murdock's4 ,w9ny ,cavana & h] fa!r took
 _! "t4 ,!y 7 ne> en\gh to make _!      
entree at any mom5t2 & ,w9ny _h "s idea1

 l h] bett]s1 t x 0 n g5teel to be !    
fir/4 ,%e n[ delay$1 h[ev]1 to ! o!r    
extreme1 & kept h] fa!r wait+1 "u !     
pret5ce t %e 0 f9i%+ h] toilet1 until1  
on _! arrival1 !y f\nd all ! gue/s      
assembl$4 ,w9ny flaunt$ 91 lean+ ^u h]  
fa!r's arm1 ! admir$ ( all admir]s4 ,n  
be+ v le>n$ 9 ! my/]ies ( ! toilet1 ,i  
%all n attempt to describe ! dresses ( !
 girls ^u ?is occasion1 nor ! elaborate 
mann] 9 :i* _! heads 7 set out1 oil$1 & 
b$iz5$ to an amaz+ ext5t1 :ile ! roses  
above _! left e>s seem$ to h be5 all    
cull$ f ! same tree4  #eaa  ,altoge!r   
!re 7 ab\t sixte5 "y p]sons1 pretty     
equally divid$ z to boys & girls1 beside
 "s--& "s only--( _! fa!rs & mo!rs4     
,soon aft] ! arrival ( ,n$ ,cavana & 8  
daught]1 :o 7 ! gue/s ( ! ev5+1 supp] 0 
ann\nc$1 & !re 0 a g5]al move into !    
l>ge p>lor1 :]e a long table 0 set out )
 a sn[-:ite clo?1 :]e plates 7if n      
cov]s7 7 laid = at lea/ tw5ty-f\r4 ,9 ! 
middle ( ! table /ood a smok+ di% (     
calcannon1 :i* appe>$ to defy !m1 & z _m

 m2 :ile at ei!r end 0 a rak+ pot ( tea1
 surr\nd$ ) cups & sauc]s innum]able1 ) 
pyramids ( cut bread-&-butt] ne>ly an   
in* ?ick4  ,! company hav+ tak5 _!      
seats1 x 0 ann\nc$ by ! ho/ t !re 7 two 
goold w$d9'-r+s 9 ! calcannon2 b        
:]eab\ts1 ( c\rse1 no "o c\ld tell4 ,he 
_h borr[$ !m f two ( ! m>ri$ wom5       
pres5t1 & 0 b\nd to re/ore !m2 s he     
begg$ ( 8 "y fri5ds1 = 8 sake z well z  
_! own1 to be c>eful n to swall[ !m4 ,x 
0 too well kn[n :at 0 to be ! lot ( !   
happy f9d]s be=e t day twelvemon? = him 
to say any?+ ^u t "p ( ! subject4 ,he   
w\ld reque/ ( ,mrs4 ,moran1 :o _h se5 m 
,all-,hall[ ,eves ?an any woman !re     
pres5t--he meant no (f5ce--to help !    
calcannon4  ,aft] ?is little            
introduction1 ,mrs4 ,moran1 :o by       
previ\s arrangem5t 0 sitt+ opposite !   
savory volcano1 di/ribut$ x )           
unque/ionable imp>tiality4 ,x 0 a       
well-kn[n rule on all su* occasions t no
 "o comm5c$ until all 7 help$1 :5 a     
signal 0 giv51 & a simultane\s plunge ( 

spoons took place4  ,ano!r rule 0 t all 
! m>ri$ p]sons %\ld cont5t !mselves )   
tea & bread-&-butt]1 9 ord] t none ( !m 
might possibly rob ! y\ng/]s ( _! *ance 
( ! r+4 ,^u ?is occasion1 h[ev]1 ?is    
re/riction _h be5 neatly obviat$ by     
,mrs4 ,moran's exp]i5ce 9 su* matt]s2 & 
!re 0 a knock-oge ( ! same delici\s food
 )\t any r+1 :i* %e call$ ! m>ri$ di%4  
,! tea 0 h&$ up & d[n f ea* end ( !     
table until x met 9 ! middle1 & = "s "t 
!re 0 a sil5t onslaught on ! calcannon1 
wa%$ d[n n[ & !n by a copi\s draught (  
tea4  ,i h x6 ,i h x6 %\t$ ,phil        
,m',d]mott1 tak+ x f betwe5 8 tee? &    
hold+ x up1 :ile 8 *eeks deep5$ ?ree    
%ades ne>] to ! color ( ! rose 9 ,kate  
,mulvey's hair1 ne>ly opposite4  ,a     
lucky man1 obs]v$ ,mrs4 ,moran1         
me?odically1 :o seem$ to be mi/ress ( ! 
my/]ies4 ,n[ = ! lucky girl2 & lucky    
ev]ybody w say %e mu/ be4  ,! words 7   
sc>cely f9i%$ :5 ,kate ,mulvey c\gh$ z  
if %e 7 *ok+2 b pull+ ! o!r r+ f h] m\?1
 %e soon recov]$ h]self1 decl>+ t %e _h 

ne>ly swall[$ x4  ,matt]s1 z ,mrs4      
,moran ?\ght1 _h s f> gone q "r1 & a    
he>ty quizz+ ! "y c\ple got2 b1 to tell 
! tru?1 "o ( !m did n seem to be        
p>ticul>ly satisfi$ ) ! result4 ,!      
attack ^u ! calcannon f ?is po9t wax$ v 
weak1 = ! *>m 0 brok51 & ! tea &        
bread-&-butt] came into play4 ,apples & 
nuts 7 n[ laid d[n 9 abundance1 & ! "y  
girls might be se5 pick+ a c\ple ( pairs
 ( nice nuts out ( ^? on ! plate1 z     
ne>ly z fancy might sugge/1 to mat* !   
figures ( ^? :om !y 7 int5d$ to repres5t
 ^u ! b> ( ! grate4 ,almo/ z if by magic
 a regim5t ( nuts 9 pairs 7 se5 smok+1 &
 "s ( !m /irr+ & purr+ on ! flat b> at !
 bottom ( ! grate1 :i* _h be5 swept1 & !
 fire bright5$ up1 = ! purpose4 ,( c\rse
 ,mrs4 ,moran insi/$ ^u op5ly putt+ d[n 
,phil ,m',d]mott & ,kate ,mulvey ( !    
r+s2 = 9 g5]al !re is a secrecy obs]v$ z
 to :o ! nuts are1 9 ord] to save #eab !
 con/ant girl f a laugh at ! fickl5ess (
 h] ba*elor1 %\ld he g (f 9 a %ot f h]  
side1 & vice v]sa4 ,& "h ! mi/ress ( !  

my/]ies 0 n at fault4 ,kate ,mulvey1 )\t
 ei!r smok+ or gett+ r$ at "o end 7:i* 0
 a good sign71 w5t (f l ! report ( a    
pi/ol1 & 0 actually he>d /rik+ aga9/ !  
door z if to get out4 ,!re 0 a g5]al    
laugh at ,mrs4 ,moran's exp5se1 :o 0    
told t x 0 a /rong pro( 9 favor ( putt+ 
! pairs d[n secretly4  ,b ,mrs4 ,moran 0
 too exp]i5c$ a mi/ress ( h] position to
 be tak5 aback1 & quietly said1 ,n at   
all1 my de>s4 ,i h ?ree times to burn   
!m1 if he does n foll[ h]2 b he has ?ree
 m9utes to d s4  ,z %e spoke !re 0 ano!r
 %ot4 ,phil ,m',d]mott c\ld n /& ! heat 
by himself1 & 0 (f to ! door aft] ,kate 
,mulvey4  ,?is 0 a cr[n+ triumph to     
,mrs4 ,moran1 :o quietly put back !     
second pair ( nuts :i* %e _h j select$ =
 ano!r te/ ( ! same c\ple1 & rem>k$ t x 
0 all "r n[4  ,! c\ples1 g5]ally speak+1
 seem$ to answ] ! expectations ( _!     
respective mat*-mak]s bett] ?an p]haps !
 results 9 real life might subsequ5tly  
ju/ify4 ,x is n to be suppos$ t on ?is  
occasion ,tom ,murdock & ,w9ny ,cavana  

did n f9d a place ^u ! b> ( ! grate4 ,b 
z ,w9ny _h giv5 no enc\ragem5t to any "o
 to put h] d[n ) him1 & z ! mi/ress ( ! 
my/]ies alone c\ld claim a "r to d s    
op5ly1 z 9 ! case ( ! r+s1 _! place1 ) !
 result1 c\ld be kn[n only to ^? :o put 
!m d[n1 & p]haps a confidant4  ,!re 7 a 
few pops occasionally1 call+ =?         
exclamations ( ,! good-=-no?+ fell[6 or 
,! fickle lass6 :ile "s burn$ into      
bright balls--! admiration ( all ! true 
& con/ant lov]s pres5t4  ,! next portion
 ( ! my/]ies 7 ?ree plates1 plac$ 9 a r[
 ^u ! table2 "o conta9$ e>?1 ano!r wat]1
 & ! ?ird a gold r+4 ,?is 01 by "s1     
consid]$ r a n]v\s te/ ( futurity1 & "s 
objections 7 :isp]$ by ! timid among/   
!m4 ,! fe>less & en?usia/ic1 h[ev]1     
clamor$ t no?+ %\ld be left out1 & a    
h&k]*ief to bl9d ! adv5tur]s 0 produc$4 
,! my/]y 0 ?is3 a "y p]son 0 tak5       
outside ! door1 & !re bl9dfold$2 he1 or 
%e1 0 !n l$ 9 aga91 & plac$ opposite to 
! plates1 suffici5tly ne> to t\* !m2 :5 
told t all 0 "r1 he1 ) 8 =e-f+] po9t$1  

plac$ x ^u "o ( ! plates4 ,t ) ! e>?    
symboll$ =? sudd51 or p]haps viol5t1    
dea?2 t ) ! wat]1 emigration or         
%ip-wreck2 :ile t ) ! r+1 ( c\rse a w$d+
 & dome/ic happ9ess4  ,"y p 7 n g5]ally 
av]se to subject !mselves to ?is ordeal1
 z 9 n9e cases out ( t5 !y manag$ ei!r  
to be previ\sly acqua9t$ ) ! position ( 
! plates1 or1 hav+ be5 bl9dfold$ by _!  
own ba*elor1 to h a peep-hole d[n by !  
corn] ( _! nose1 :i* enabl$ !m to secure
 ! mo/ gratify+ result ( ! ?ree4  ,) ?is
 usual c\rse be=e 8 m9d1 ,tom ,murdock1 
z junior ho/1 pres5t$ himself = ! te/1  
hop+ t ,w9ny ,cavana1 :om he _h ask$ to 
d s1 w\ld bl9dfold him4 ,b 9 ?is in/ance
 he _h presum$ too f>2 & :ile %e        
hesitat$ to comply1 ! mi/ress ( !       
my/]ies came to h] relief4  ,no1 no1    
,tom1 %e said1 fold+ ! h&k]*ief2 t is my
 bus9ess1 & ,i'll transf] x to no "o2   
come outside ) me4  ,tom 0 a%am$ to draw
 back1 & retir$ ) ,mrs4 ,moran to !     
hall4 ,he soon return$1 l$ 9 by h]1 ) a 
h&k]*ief ti$ tightly ov] 8 eyes2 !re 0  

no peep-hole by ! side ( 8 nose1 let him
 hold back #eac 8 head z he might1 ,mrs4
 ,moran took c>e ( t4 ,hav+ be5 plac$   
ne> ! table1 he 0 told t he 0 exactly   
opposite ! plates4 ,he po9t$ out 8      
=e-f+]1 & ?rew back 8 head z mu* z      
possible1 z if consid]+1 b 9 fact to try
 if he c\ld get a peep at ! plates2 b x 
0 no use4 ,mrs4 ,moran _h r5d]$ 8       
tempor>y bl9dness cruelly secure4 ,at   
l5g? 8 h& desc5d$1 & he plac$ 8 f+] into
 ! middle ( ! e>?4  ,p%aw1 said he1     
pull+ ! h&k]*ief (f 8 eyes1 x is all    
humbug6 ,let ,l5non try x4  ,c]ta9ly1   
c]ta9ly1 ran f "o to ! o!r4 ,x might h  
be5 rem>k$1 h[ev]1 if any "o _h be5     
obs]v+1 t ,w9ny ,cavana _h n spok54  ,"y
 ,l5non !n retir$ to ! hall ) ,mrs4     
,moran1 & 0 soon l$ 9 tightly bl9dfold$1
 = ! "y man 0 no m to h] ?an ! o!r2     
beside1 %e 0 /rictly honorable4 ,!      
plates _h be5 re-arrang$ by ,tom        
,murdock himself1 :i* mo/ p rem>k$1 z x 
0 "s "t be=e he 0 satisfi$ ) _!         
position4 ,l5non 0 !n plac$1 z ,tom _h  

be51 & told t all 0 "r4 ,!re 0 "s       
n]v\sness 9 m he>ts ?an "o z he po9t$ 8 
f+] & br\ght d[n 8 h&4 ,he also plac$ 8 
f+] 9 ! c5tre ( ! plate ) ! e>?1 & pull$
 ! h&k]*ief f 8 eyes4  ,n[1 y see1 said 
,tom1 o!rs c fail z well z me2 & he     
seem$ greatly pleas$ t "y ,l5non _h be5 
z unsuccessful z himself4  ,a murmur (  
dissatisfaction n[ ran ?r\gh ! girls4 ,!
 two favorites _h be5 un=tunate 9 _!    
attempts at div9ation1 & !re 0 "o "y    
girl !re :o1 :5 %e saw ,emon-a-knock's  
f+] fall on ! plate ) ! e>?1 felt z if a
 weight _h be5 ti$ r\nd h] he>t4 ,x 0   
unanim\sly agre$ by ! eld]ly wom5       
pres5t1 ,mrs4 ,moran among/ ! numb]1 t  
^! te/s _h turn$ out directly contr>y to
 :at ! circum/ances ( ! locality1 & !   
*>act]s ( ! individuals1 w\ld indicate z
 probable1 & ! :ole process 0 ridicul$ z
 false & unprophetic4 ,"t w tell1 jewel1
 said "o old croak+ crone4  ,a l\d bur/ 
( laught] f ! kit*5 at ?is mom5t told t 
! s]vant-boys & girls1 :o _h also be5   
invit$1 7 n idle4 ,! mat*es hav+ be5 all

 ei!r cl5*$ or brok5 (f 9 ! p>lor1 & !  
te/ ( ! plates1 z if by mutual cons5t1  
hav+ be5 decl>$ unsatisfactory1 old     
,murdock ?\ght x a good opportunity to  
move an adj\rnm5t ( ! :ole p>ty1 to see 
! fun 9 ! kit*51 :i* 0 second$ by ,mrs4 
,moran1 & c>ri$ nem4 con4  ,,to ,,be    
,,cont9u$4  ----  #ead  ,translat$ f    
,etudes ,religieusea1 ,hi/oriques1 et   
,litt]aires1 p> des ,p]es de la         
,compagnie de ,jesus4  ,a ,,city ,,(    
,,wom54  ,,! ,,anci5t ,,begu9age ,,(    
,,gh5t4 ,,by ,,! ,,rev4 ,a4 ,,nampon1   
,s4,j4   ,accord+ to "s au?ors1 ,/4     
,begghe1 daught] ( ,pep91 ,duke (       
,brabant1 & si/] ( ,/4 ,g]trude1 mu/ h  
giv5 h] "n to ^? pi\s assemblages (     
,*ri/ian virg9s & wid[s call$ f v remote
 times begu9ages4  ,^! holy wom51 unit$ 
"u ! protection & ! rule ( ,/4 ,begghe1 
_h no?+ 9 common except ! "n ) ^?       
,begu9es ^: errors 7 condemn$ by !      
c\ncil ( ,vi5ne4  ,begu9ages exi/ at    
,gh5t1 ,antw]p1 ,me*l91 ,alo/1 ,l\va91  
,bruges1 etc41 etc4 ,! rule is n 9 all  

places ! same1 b ev]y:]e ^! pi\s        
e/abli%m5ts are places ( refuge op5 to  
dev\t wom51 :]e9 !y may sanctify        
!mselves by pray]1 labor1 & retirem5t f 
! di/ractions ( ! _w4  ,let u transport 
ourselves to ! capital ( ,fl&]s4 ,f !   
c5tre ( t tumultu\s city1 9 :i* indu/ry1
 comm]ce1 activity1 & pleasure reign    
supreme1 are sep>at$ two o!r small] t[ns
 ( v5]able aspect--clos$ to ! _w1       
de/itute ( %ops1 coa*es1 public cri]s1 &
 all mod]n inv5tions4 ,^! two t[ns are !
 ,great & ! ,little ,begu9age4  ,^!     
places are delightful oases1 :]e9 y     
brea! a pure air1 :]e1 9 ! noonday ( !  
n9ete5? c5tury1 y f9d ! simplicity ( !  
fai? & cu/oms ( antiquity4 ,!y are      
surr\nd$1 z !y 7 five or six c5turies   
ago1 by a dit* & a wall2 y ent] !m by a 
s+le gate c>efully clos$ at night1 & n  
less c>efully wat*$ all day4 ,?is gate1 
surm\nt$ by ! cross1 0 =m]ly protect$ by
 a drawbridge4  ,z soon z y h pass$     
?r\gh ?is gateway1 y are =cibly /ruck ) 
! calm & pi\s atmosph]e ( ?is peaceful  

city1 & ) ! grave & edify+ looks ( its  
female inhabitants4 ,i say female       
inhabitants1 = no man has ev] dwelt 9   
?is enclosure4 ,! prie/s :o s]ve !      
begu9ages only ent] to fulfil _! sacr$  
(fices1 & h no place !re9 save ! pulpit1
 ! alt>1 & ! confessional4 ,! dress ( ! 
inmates is n elegant1 b x is 9 /rict    
con=mity ) ! model trac$ 9 _! ?irte5?   
c5tury rule4  ,all ! /reets1 :i* are at 
"r angles1 are nam$ aft] sa9ts4 ,! h\ses
 are also di/+ui%$ by ! names1 &        
frequ5tly by ! /atue1 ( "s sa9t1 "u ^:  
protection !y are plac$2 ?us y may read1
 gate ( ,/4 ,m>?a1 gate ( ,/4           
,m>y-,magdal51 etc41 etc4  ,! h\ses1 :i*
 are :itewa%$ annually1 display 9 _!    
furniture1 z 9 _! con/ruction1 no o!r   
luxury b a *>m+ cleanl9ess4 ,!y are (   
two k9ds1 conv5ts & h]mitages4 ,!       
conv5ts are inhabit$ by communities1 ea*
 gov]n$ by a sup]ior4 ,! h]mitages1 :i* 
resemble v mu* ! dwell+s ( ! ,c>?usians1
 consi/ ( two or ?ree b$-rooms1 a p>lor1
 a kit*51 & a small g>d54 ,prom95t among

 ! conv5ts is ! dwell+ ( !              
sup]ior-g5]al1 call$ ,gr&e ,dame1 :o has
 *>ge ( ! infirm>y1 & :o is cons]vator (
 ! docum5ts1 traditions & pictures1 :i* 
date f five or six c5turies ago4 ,la/ly1
 9 ! mid/ ( ?is peaceful city rises !   
h\se ( ,god1 a l>ge *ur*1 v commodi\s & 
clean1 surr\nd$ by a #eae cemet]y1 9    
con=mity ) an anci5t cu/om1 :i* all !   
begu9ages1 h[ev]1 h n be5 able to reta94
  ,! object ( ^! societies is v cle>ly  
/at$ 9 a p>agraph ( ! rule ( ! begu9age 
( ,notre ,dame du ,pre'1 f\nd$ at ,gh5t 
9 #abcd4 ,we reta9 ! old /yle3  ,l\is1  
,c\nt ( ,fl&]s1 ( ,nev]s1 & ( ,re!l1    
etc41 etc41 to all pres5t & to come     
makes kn[n1 t ,dame ,jane1 & ,m>g>et1 h]
 si/] ( happy memory1 :o 7 successively 
,c\ntesses ( ,fl&]s & ( ,ha9ault 7z we  
are1  ,footnote #ajj by ! grace ( ,god71
 hav+ rem>k$ t 9 ! ,flemi% t]ritory !re 
7 a great numb] ( wom51 :o1 f _!        
condition 9 life & t ( _! p>5ts1 7      
unable to f9d a fitt+ mat*2 obs]v+ t    
honorable p]sons1 ! daught]s ( nobles & 

burgesses1 :o desir$ to live 9 a /ate ( 
*a/ity1 c\ld n all ent] into conv5ts (  
wom51 by reason ( _! too great numb]1 or
 = want ( means2 rem>k+1 moreov]1 t _m  
"y ladies ( noble extraction & o!rs _h  
fall5 into a /ate ( decad5ce1 s t !y 7  
r$uc$ to m5dicity1 or to a pa9ful       
exi/5ce1 to ! di%onor ( _! families1    
unless !y c\ld be provid$ = 9 a discreet
 & becom+ mann]2 incit$ by ,god1 & ) !  
advice1 k1 & cons5t ( sev]al bi%ops &   
o!r p]sons ( probity1 ! a=esaid         
c\ntesses f\nd$1 9 sev]al cities (      
,fl&]s1 e/abli%m5ts ) spaci\s dwell+s & 
l&s1 call$ begu9ages1 :]e noble "y      
ladies & *ildr5 ( good families 7       
receiv$1 to live !re9 *a/ely 9          
community1 ) or )\t v[s1 )\t humiliation
 to !mselves or _! families1 & :]e !y   
might1 by apply+ !mselves to reasonable 
labor1 procure _! food & clo?+4 ,!y     
f\nd$ among o!rs a begu9age 9 our city (
 ,gh5t1 call$ ! begu9age ( ,notre ,dame 
du ,pre1 enclos$ by ! riv] ,s*eldt1 & by
 walls4 ,9 ! c5tre is a *ur*1 a cemet]y1

 & a hospital = infirm or invalid       
begu9es1 ! :ole giv5 by ! be=e-m5tion$  
pr9cesses1 etc4    ,footnote #ajj3 ,?is 
bull is 9 ! orig9al ,fr5*3 ,comteses de 
,fl&re et de ,ha9ault1 comme n\s aussi1 
p> la grace de ,dieu4  ,^? "y p]sons :o 
desire to be admitt$ to ! begu9age mu/  
fir/ become po/ulants1 & aft]w>d make _!
 noviciate 9 ! conv5ts or communities4  
,!y rema9 !re ev5 aft] _! pr(ession up  
to ?irty ye>s ( age4 ,?us are !y        
protect$ dur+ ! mo/ /ormy p]iod ( life  
by ! wat*fulness ( _! sup]ior & _!      
companions1 by pray] & labor 9 common4  
,lat] !y c enjoy )\t dang] a l>g]       
measure ( fre$om4 ,!y !n live two or    
?ree toge!r 9 "o ( ! h]mitages1 :]e !y  
pass _! "t 9 ex]cises ( pray] & labor1  
to :i* ! e>ly ye>s ( _! c5obitical life 
h accu/om$ !m4  ,! great begu9age at    
,gh5t1 says ,m4 ,*antrel1 conta9s f\r   
hundr$ small h\ses1 eighte5 common      
halls1 "o l>ge & "o small *ur*4 ,!re are
 sometimes z _m z sev5 hundr$ begu9es   
assembl$ 9 ! *ur*4 ,! assembly ( ^! pi\s

 wom51 9 _! anci5t ,flemi% black        
dresses1 & :ite bonnets1 is v solemn &  
impressive4 ,! novices are di/+ui%$ by  
_! dress4 ,^? :o h rec5tly tak5 ! veil h
 _! heads encircl$ by a cr[n4  ,!       
begu9es admit )9 _! enclosure1 z bo>d]s1
 p]sons ( ! g5tl] sex1 ( e age &        
condition1 :o f9d 9 ^! e/abli%m5ts an   
asylum = ! inexp]i5ce ( y\?1 or a calm &
 peaceful soj\rn :]e ^? :o are tir$ ( ! 
_w may pass _! days )\t any o!r rule ?an
 t ( a ,*ri/ian life4 ,9 ! great        
begu9age at ,gh5t !re are ne>ly two     
hundr$ secul> bo>d]s1 :o live ei!r      
privately or 9 community ) ! nuns4      
,among ! novices ( ! great begu9age at  
,gh5t !re liv$1 fifte5 ye>s ago1 a      
,mlle1 de ,s\biran1 ! niece ( a =m] vic>
 ( ,c>cassonne4 ,= tw5ty ye>s ?is wor?y 
ecclesia/ic _h commun$ ) ,almighty ,god1
 9 incessant pray]s1 to obta9 an #eaf   
answ] to ?is "q3 ,w\ld x be a useful "w 
to introduce1 or r to resuscitate1      
begu9ages 9 ,france8  ,monseigneur de la
 ,b\ill]ie1 ^: eloqu5ce & zeal = good   

works h made him fam\s1 int]pret$ 9 a   
favorable s5se ! signs furni%$ by a     
concurr5ce ( provid5tial circum/ances2 &
 a small e/abli%m5t 0 op5$ twelve ye>s  
ago1 9 a suburb ( ,ca/elnaud>y1 "u !    
direction ( ! ,abbe de ,s\biran4 ,s9ce  
#ahef1 x has _h its po/ulants1 novices1 
& pr(ess$ si/]s4  ,! build+s ( ! new    
begu9age 7 too small & poor4 ,?is defect
 0 rem$i$ by a great fire :i* consum$   
!m1 & compell$ _! recon/ruction on a    
l>g] plan1 & ) bett] mat]ials ?an !     
planks & bricks ( ! orig9al build+s4    
,!re is d\btless a va/ di/ance betwe5   
?is feeble beg9n+ & ! ext5sive begu9age 
9 ,belgium1 :i* s _m c5turies h enl>g$ &
 br\ght to p]fection4 ,b ,mlle1 de      
,s\biran & h] fir/ companions br\ght )  
!m f ,fl&]s ! old traditions1 ) ! _s (  
f]vor & ( pov]ty & humble labor4 ,!     
trials :i* !y h und]gone h only improv$ 
_! "w4 ,!y are happy 9 ! bless+ ( _!    
bi%op1 & 8 alms w\ld n be want+ 9 case (
 ne$4  ,! ,ca/elnaud>y begu9age is      
already fruitful4 ,a second e/abli%m5t  

is =m+ at ,t\l\se1 on ! ,calv>y road4   
,^? ( our read]s :o are acqua9t$ ) !    
capital ( ,langu$oc "k ! situation ( t  
road1 b all ,*ri/ians h long s9ce le>nt 
t ! road to ,calv>y is ! way (          
salvation4  ,suffice x = ! pres5t t we  
notice ! exi/5ce ( ^! two e/abli%m5ts4  
,we %all h at a future "t to n>rate _!  
progress & developm5t4  ----  #eag  ,f  
,! ,mon?4  ,,! ,,dream ,,( ,,g]ontius4  
,,by ,,john ,,h5ry ,,newman1 ,d4,d4     
,sec4 #a4  ,,g]ontius4    ,,jesu1       
,,m>ia--,i am ne> to dea?1     ,& ?\ art
 call+ me2 ,i "k x n[4   ,n by ! tok5 ( 
?is falt]+ brea?1     ,?is *ill at he>t1
 ?is dampness on my br[1--   7,jesu1 h  
m]cy6 ,m>y1 pray = me67     ',tis ?is   
new feel+1 nev] felt be=e1   7,be ) me1 
,"l1 9 my extremity67     ,t ,i am go+1 
t ,i am no m4   ',tis ?is /range inn]mo/
 ab&onm5t1     7,lov] ( s\ls6 great     
,god6 ,i look to !e17   ,?is empty+ out 
( ea* con/itu5t     ,& natural =ce1 by  
:i* ,i come to be4   ,pray = me1 ,o my  
fri5ds2 a visitant     ,is knock+ 8 dire

 summons at my door1   ,! l ( :om1 to   
sc>e me & to daunt1     ,has nev]1 nev] 
come to me be=e4   ',tis dea?1--lov+    
fri5ds1 y\r pray]s6--'tis he6 4444   ,z 
?\gh my v be+ _h giv5 way1     ,z ?\gh  
,i 0 no m a sub/ance n[1   ,& c\ld fall 
back on naught to be my /ay1     7,help1
 lov+ ,"l6 ,?\ my sole refuge1 ?\17   ,&
 turn no :i!r1 b mu/ ne$s decay     ,&  
drop f out ?is univ]sal frame   ,into t 
%apeless1 scopeless1 blank abyss1     ,t
 utt] no?+ness1 ( :i* ,i came3   ,?is is
 x t has come to pass 9 me2   ,o horror6
 ?is x is1 my de>e/1 ?is2   ,s pray =   
me1 my fri5ds1 :o h n /r5g? to pray4    
,,assi/ants4    ,kyrie eleison1 ,*ri/e  
eleison1 ,kyrie eleison4   ,holy ,m>y1  
pray = him4   ,all holy angels1 pray =  
him4   ,*oirs ( ! righte\s1 pray = him4 
,holy ,abraham1 pray = him4   ,/4 ,john 
,bapti/1 ,/4 ,joseph1 pray = him4   ,/4 
,pet]1 ,/4 ,paul1 ,/4 ,&rew1 ,/4 ,john1 
,all apo/les1 all evangeli/s1 pray =    
him4   ,all holy disciples ( ! ,"l1 pray
 = him4   ,all holy innoc5ts1 pray =    

him4   ,all holy m>tyrs1 all holy       
confessors1   ,all holy h]mits1 all holy
 virg9s1   ,all ye sa9ts ( ,god1 pray = 
him4  #eah    ,,g]ontius4    ,r\se !e1  
my fa9t+ s\l1 & play ! man2       ,&    
?r\gh su* wan+ span   ,( life & ?\ght z 
/ill has to be trod1       ,prep>e to   
meet ?y ,god4   ,& :ile ! /orm ( t      
bewild]m5t       ,is = a season sp5t1   
,&1 ere afre% ! ru9 on !e fall1         
,use well ! int]val4    ,,assi/ants4    
,be m]ciful1 be graci\s2 sp>e him1 ,"l4 
,be m]ciful1 be graci\s2 ,"l1 deliv]    
him4   ,f ! s9s t are pass$2       ,f ?y
 fr[n & ?9e ire2             ,f ! p]ils 
( dy+2             ,f any comply+       
,) s91 or d5y+             ,8 ,god1 or  
rely+   ,on self1 at ! la/2       ,f !  
ne!rmo/ fire2   ,f all t is evil2   ,f  
p[] ( ! devil2   ,?y s]vant deliv]1   ,=
 once & = ev]4    ,by ?y bir?1 & by ?y  
cross1   ,rescue him f endless loss2    
,by ?y dea? & burial1   ,save him f a   
f9al fall2   ,by ?y ris+ f ! tomb1      
,by ?y m\nt+ up above1             ,by !

 ,_s's graci\s love1   ,save him 9 ! day
 ( doom4    ,,g]ontius4    ,sanctus     
=tis1 ,sanctus ,deus1       ,de pr(undis
 oro te1   ,mis]]e1 judex meus1         
,p>ce mihi1 ,dom9e4   ,firmly ,i believe
 & truly       ,god is ,?ree1 & ,god is 
,"o2   ,& ,i next ackn[l$ge duly        
,manhood tak5 by ! ,son4   ,& ,i tru/ & 
hope mo/ fully       ,9 t manhood       
crucifi$2   ,& ea* ?\ght & de$ unruly   
,d to dea?1 z he has di$4   ,simply to 8
 grace & :olly       ,light & life &    
/r5g? belong1   ,& ,i love supremely1   
solely1       ,him ! holy1 him ! /rong4 
#eai    ,sanctus =tis1 ,sanctus ,deus1  
,de pr(undis oro te1   ,mis]]e1 judex   
meus1       ,p>ce mihi1 ,dom9e4   ,& ,i 
hold 9 v5]ation1       ,= ! love ( him  
alone1   ,holy ,*ur*1 z 8 creation4     
,& h] tea*+s1 z 8 own4   ,& ,i take )   
joy :atev]       ,n[ besets me1 pa9 or  
fe>1   ,& ) a /rong w ,i sev]       ,all
 ! ties :i* b9d me "h4   ,adoration aye 
be giv51       ,) & ?r\gh ! angelic ho/1
   ,to ! ,god ( e>? & heav51            

,fa!r1 ,son1 & ,holy ,gho/4   ,sanctus  
=tis1 ,sanctus ,deus1       ,de pr(undis
 oro te1   ,mis]]e1 judex meus1         
,mortis 9 discrim9e4    ,i c no m2 = n[ 
x comes aga91   ,t s5se ( ru91 :i* is   
worse ?an pa91   ,t ma/]ful negation &  
collapse   ,( all t makes me man2 z ?\gh
 ,i b5t   ,ov] ! dizzy br9k   ,( "s %e] 
inf9ite desc5t2   ,or worse1 z ?\gh     
,d[n1 d[n = ev] ,i 0 fall+ ?r\gh   ,!   
solid framework ( creat$ ?+s1   ,& ne$s 
mu/ s9k & s9k   ,into ! va/ abyss4 ,&1  
cruell] /ill1   ,a fi]ce & re/less      
fright beg9s to fill   ,! mansion ( my  
s\l4 ,&1 worse & worse1   ,"s bodily =m 
( ill   ,floats on ! w9d1 ) _m a        
loa?some curse   ,ta9t+ ! hall[$ air1 & 
laughs & flaps   ,its hide\s w+s1   ,&  
makes me wild ) horror & dismay4   ,o   
,jesu1 help6 pray = me1 ,m>y1 pray6     
,"s angel1 ,jesu6 su* z came to !e   ,9 
?9e own agony444444   ,m>y1 pray = me4  
,joseph1 pray = me4 ,m>y1 pray = me4    
,,assi/ants4    ,rescue him1 ,o ,"l1 9  
?is 8 evil h\r1   ,z ( old s _m by ?y   

graci\s p[]3--,am54   ,eno* & ,elias f !
 common doom2 ,am54   ,noe f ! wat]s 9 a
 sav+ home2 ,am54   ,abraham f ?' ab\nd+
 guilt ( hea!nesse2 ,am54   ,job f all 8
 multi=m & fell di/ress2 ,am54   ,isaac1
 :5 8 fa!r's knife 0 rais$ to slay2     
,am54   ,lot f burn+ ,sodom on its      
judgm5t-day2 ,am54  #ebj    ,moses f !  
l& ( bondage & despair2 ,am54   ,daniel 
f ! hungry lions 9 _! lair2 ,am54   ,& !
 *ildr5 ?ree amid ! furnace-flame2 ,am54
   ,*a/e ,susanna f ! sl&] & ! %ame2    
,am54   ,david f ,golia & ! wra? (      
,saul2 ,am54   ,& ! two apo/les f _!    
prison-?rall2 ,am54   ,!cla f h]        
torm5ts2 ,am53             --s1 to %[ ?y
 p[]1   ,rescue ?is ?y s]vant 9 8 evil  
h\r4    ,,g]ontius4    ,novissima hora  
e/2 & ,i fa9 w\ld sleep4   ,! pa9 has   
we>i$ me4 4 4 4 ,into ?y h&s1   ,"l1    
into ?y h&s4 4 4 4 4    ,,! ,,prie/4    
,pr(icisc]e1 anima ,*ri/iana de hoc     
mundo6   ,g =? ^u ?y j\rney1 ,*ri/ian   
s\l6   ,g f ?is _w6 ,g1 9 ! "n ( ,god1  
,! omnipot5t ,fa!r1 :o creat$ !e6   ,g1 

9 ! "n ( ,jesus ,*ri/ our ,"l1   ,son ( 
! ,liv+ ,god1 :o bl$ = !e6   ,g1 9 ! "n 
( ?' ,holy ,_s1 :o   ,ha? be5 p\r$ out  
on !e6 ,g1 9 ! "n   ,( angels &         
ar*angels2 9 ! "n   ,( ?rones &         
dom9ations2 9 ! "n   ,( pr9c$oms & (    
p[]s2 & 9 ! "n   ,( *]ubim & s]aphim1 g 
=?6   ,g1 9 ! "n ( patri>*s & prophets2 
,& ( apo/les & evangeli/s1   ,( m>tyrs &
 confessors2 9 ! "n   ,( holy monks &   
h]mits2 9 ! "n   ,( holy virg9s2 & all  
sa9ts ( ,god1   ,bo? m5 & wom51 g6 ,g on
 ?y c\rse2   ,& may ?y place to-day be  
f\nd 9 peace1   ,& may ?y dwell+ be !   
holy m\nt   ,( ,sion3 ?r\gh ! same1     
?r\gh ,*ri/1 our ,"l4  ,sec4 #b4        
,,s\l ,( ,,g]ontius4    ,i w5t to sleep2
 & n[ ,i am refre%$4   ,a /range        
refre%m5t3 = ,i feel 9 me   ,an         
inexpressive lightness1 & a s5se   ,(   
fre$om1 z ,i 7 at l5g? myself1   ,&     
ne'er _h be5 be=e4 ,h[ /ill x is6   ,i  
he> no m ! busy beat ( "t1   ,no1 nor my
 flutt]+ brea?1 nor /ruggl+ pulse2      
,nor does "o mom5t diff] f ! next4   ,i 

_h a dream2 yes3--"s "o s(tly said      
,he's gone2 & !n a sigh w5t r\nd ! room4
   ,& !n ,i surely he>d a prie/ly voice 
,cry ,subv5ite2 & !y knelt 9 pray]4     
#eba    ,i seem to he> him /ill2 b ?9 & 
l[1   ,& fa9t] & m fa9t ! acc5ts come1  
,z at an ev]-wid5+ int]val4   ,ah6 :5ce 
is ?is8 ,:at is ?is sev]ance8   ,?is    
sil5ce p\rs a solit>9ess   ,into ! v    
ess5ce ( my s\l2   ,& ! deep re/1 s     
soo?+ & s sweet1   ,ha? some?+ too (    
/]nness & ( pa94   ,= x drives back my  
?\ghts ^u _! spr+   ,by a /range        
introv]sion1 & p]=ce   ,i n[ beg9 to fe$
 ^u myself1   ,because ,i h naught else 
to fe$ ^u4    ,am ,i alive or dead8 ,i  
am n dead1   ,b 9 ! body /ill2 = ,i     
possess   ,a sort ( confid5ce1 :i* cl+s 
to me1   ,t ea* p>ticul> organ holds its
 place   ,z h]et(ore1 comb9+ ) ! re/    
,into "o symmetry1 t wraps me r\nd1   ,&
 makes me man2 & surely ,i c\ld move1   
,did ,i b w x1 e "p ( me4   ,& yet ,i _c
 to my s5se br+ home1   ,by v trial1 t  
,i h ! p[]4   ',tis /range2 ,i _c /ir a 

h& or foot1   ,i _c make my f+]s or my  
lips   ,by mutual pressure witness ea*  
to ea*1   ,nor by ! eyelid's in/antane\s
 /roke   ,assure myself ,i h a body     
/ill4   ,nor d ,i "k my v attitude1     
,nor if ,i /&1 or lie1 or sit1 or kneel4
    ,s mu* ,i "k1 n kn[+ h[ ,i "k1   ,t 
! va/ univ]se1 :]e ,i h dwelt1   ,is    
quitt+ me1 or ,i am quitt+ x4   ,or ,i  
or x is ru%+ on ! w+s   ,( light or     
lightn+ on an onw>d c\rse1   ,& we e'en 
n[ are million miles ap>t4   ,yet 4 4 is
 ?is p]emptory sev]ance   ,wr\ght out 9 
l5g?y measurem5ts ( space1   ,:i* gr[ & 
multiply by spe$ & "t8   ,or am ,i      
trav]s+ inf9ity   ,by endless           
subdivision1 hurry+ back   ,f f9ite t[>d
 inf9itesimal1   ,?us dy+ out ( ! exp&$ 
_w8    ,ano!r m>vel2 "s "o has me fa/   
,)9 8 ample palm2 'tis n a grasp   ,su* 
z !y use on e>?1 b all ar\nd   ,ov] !   
surface ( my subtle be+1   ,z ?\gh ,i 7 
a sph]e1 & capable   ,to be acco/$ ?us1 
a uni=m   ,& g5tle pressure tells me ,i 
am n   ,self-mov+1 b borne =w>d on my   

way4   ,& h>k6 ,i he> a s++2 yet 9 soo? 
#ebb    ,i _c ( t music rightly say     
,:e!r ,i he> or t\* or ta/e ! tones4    
,oh :at a he>t-subdu+ melody6           
,,angel4      ,my "w is done1'          
,my task is o er1             ,& s ,i   
come1             ,tak+ x home1     ,= !
 cr[n is won4             ,alleluia1    
,= ev]more4      ,my ,fa!r gave         
,9 *>ge to me             ,?is *ild (   
e>?             ,e'en f its bir?1       
,to s]ve & save1             ,alleluia1 
,& sav$ is he4      ,?is *ild ( clay    
,to me 0 giv51             ,to re> &    
tra9             ,by sorr[ & pa9     ,9 
! n>r[ way1             ,alleluia1      
,f e>? to heav54    ,,s\l4    ,x is a   
memb] ( t family   ,( wondr\s be+s1 :o1 
ere ! worlds 7 made1   ,millions ( ages 
back1 h /ood ar\nd   ,! ?rone (         
,god3--he nev] has kn[n s92   ,b ?r\gh  
^? cycles all b inf9ite1   ,has _h a    
/rong & pure cele/ial life1   ,& bore to
 gaze on ?' unveil$ face ( ,god1   ,&   
drank f ! et]nal f\nt ( tru?1   ,& s]v$ 

him ) a ke5 ec/atic love4   ,h>k6 he    
beg9s aga94    ,,angel4      ,"l1 h[    
wond]ful 9 dep? & height1             ,b
 mo/ 9 man1 h[ wond]ful ?\ art6     ,)  
:at a love1 :at s(t p]suasive might1    
,victori\s o'er ! /ubborn fle%ly he>t1  
,?y tale complete ( sa9ts ?\ do/        
provide1         ,to fill ! ?rone :i*   
angels lo/ ?r\gh pride6  #ebc      ,he  
lay a grovell+ babe ^u ! gr\nd1         
,pollut$ 9 ! blood ( 8 fir/ sire1     ,)
 8 :ole ess5ce %att]$ & uns\nd1         
,&1 coil$ ar\nd 8 he>t1 a demon dire1   
,:i* 0 n ( 8 nature1 b _h skill         
,to b9d & =m 8 op5+ m9d to ill4      ,!n
 0 ,i s5t f heav5 to set "r             
,! balance 9 8 s\l ( tru? & s91     ,&  
,i h wag$ a long rel5tless fight1       
,resolv$ t dea?-environ$ _s to w91      
,:i* f its fall5 /ate1 :5 all 0 lo/1    
,_h be5 repur*as$ at s dread a co/4     
,oh :at a %ift+ p>ti-color$ sc5e        
,( hope & fe>1 ( triumph & dismay1      
,( recklessness & p5it5ce1 has be5      
,! hi/ory ( t dre>y1 lifelong fray6     

,& oh ! grace1 to n]ve him & to lead1   
,h[ pati5t1 prompt1 & lavi% at 8 ne$6   
,o man1 /range composite ( heav5 & e>?6 
,maje/y dw>f$ to bas5ess6 fragrant fl[] 
,runn+ to poison\s se$6 & seem+ wor?    
,cloak+ corruption6 weakness ma/]+ p[]6 
,:o nev] art s ne> to crime & %ame1     
,z :5 ?\ ha/ a*iev$ "s de$ ( "n2        
,h[ %\ld e!real natures compreh5d       
,a ?+ made up ( _s & ( clay1     ,7 we n
 task$ to nurse x & to t5d1             
,l9k$ "o to "o ?r\gh\t its mortal day8  
,m ?an ! s]aph 9 8 height ( place1      
,! angel-gu>dian kn[s & loves ! ransom$ 
race4    ,,s\l4    ,n[ "k ,i surely t ,i
 am at l5g?   ,out ( ! body3 _h ,i "p ) 
e>?1   ,i nev] c\ld h drunk ^? acc5ts 91
   ,& n h wor%ipp$ z a god ! voice   ,t 
0 s musical2 b n[ ,i am   ,s :ole (     
he>t1 s calm1 s self-possess$1   ,) su* 
a full cont5t1 & ) a s5se   ,s          
appreh5sive & discrim9ant1   ,z no      
temptation c intoxicate4   ,nor h ,i ev5
 t]ror at ! ?\ght   ,t ,i am clasp$ by  
su* a sa9tl9ess4    ,,angel4      ,all  

praise to him1 at ^: sublime decree     
,! la/ are fir/1 ! fir/ become ! la/2   
,by :om ! suppliant prison] is set free1
             ,by :om pr\d fir/-borns f  
_! ?rones are ca/2         ,:o raises   
,m>y to be que5 ( heav51         ,:ile  
,lucif] is left1 condemn$ & un=giv54    
#ebd  ,sec4 #c4    ,,s\l4    ,i w       
address him4 ,mighty "o1 my ,"l1   ,my  
gu>dian _s1 all hail6    ,,angel4       
,all hail1 my *ild6     ,my *ild &      
bro!r1 hail6 :at w\lde/ ?\8    ,,s\l4   
,i w\ld h no?+ b to speak ) !e   ,=     
speak+'s sake4 ,i wi% to hold ) !e      
,consci\s communion2 ?\gh ,i fa9 w\ld "k
   ,a maze ( ?+s1 7 x b meet to ask1    
,& n a curi\sness4    ,,angel4          
,y _c n[     ,*]i% a wi% :i* ought n to 
be wi%$4    ,,s\l4    ,!n ,i w speak4 ,i
 ev] _h believ$   ,t on ! mom5t :5 !    
/ruggl+ s\l   ,quitt$ its mortal case1  
=?) x fell   ,"u ! awful pres5ce ( its  
,god1   ,!re to be judg$ & s5t to its   
own place4   ,:at lets me n[ f go+ to my
 ,"l8    ,,angel4    ,?\ art n let2 b ) 

extreme/ spe$   ,art hurry+ to ! j &    
holy ,judge3   ,= sc>cely art ?\        
disembodi$ yet4   ,divide a mom5t1 z m5 
measure "t1   ,into its                 
million-million-million? "p1   ,yet ev5 
less ?an t ! int]val   ,s9ce ?\ did/    
leave ! body2 & ! prie/   ,cri$         
,subv5ite1 & !y fell to pray]2   ,nay1  
sc>cely yet h !y begun to pray4   ,=    
spirits & m5 by diff]5t /&>ds mete   ,! 
less & great] 9 ! fl[ ( "t4   ,by sun & 
moon1 primeval ord9ances--   ,by />s :i*
 rise & set h>moni\sly--   ,by ! recurr+
 seasons1 & ! sw+1   ,?is way & t1 ( !  
susp5d$ rod   ,precise & punctual1 m5   
divide ! h\rs1   ,equal1 cont9u\s1 = _! 
common use4   ,n s ) u 9 ?' immat]ial   
_w2   ,b int]vals 9 _! succession  #ebe 
,are measur$ by ! liv+ ?\ght alone1   ,&
 gr[ or wane ) its int5sity4   ,& "t is 
n a common prop]ty2   ,b :at is long is 
%ort1 & swift is sl[1   ,& ne> is       
di/ant1 z receiv$ & grasp$   ,by ?is m9d
 & by t1 & e "o   ,is /&>d ( 8 own      
*ronology4   ,& memory lacks its natural

 re/+-po9ts1   ,( ye>s1 & c5turies1 &   
p]iods4   ,x is ?y v en]gy ( ?\ght      
,:i* keeps !e f ?y ,god4    ,,s\l4      
,de> angel1 say1   ,:y h ,i n[ no fe> at
 meet+ him8   ,along my e>?ly life1 !   
?\ght ( dea?   ,& judgm5t 0 to me mo/   
t]rible4   ,i _h x aye be=e me1 & ,i saw
   ,! ,judge sev]e e'en 9 ! crucifix4   
,n[ t ! h\r is come1 my fe> is fl$2   ,&
 at ?is balance ( my de/9y1   ,n[ close 
^u me1 ,i c =w>d look   ,) a s]5e/ joy4 
,,angel4              ,x is because     
,!n ?\ did/ fe>1 t n[ ?\ do/ n fe>4     
,?\ ha/ =e/all$ ! agony1 & s   ,= !e !  
bitt]ness ( dea? is pass$   ,also1      
because already 9 ?y s\l   ,! judgm5t is
 begun4 ,t day ( doom1   ,"o & ! same = 
! collect$ _w--   ,t solemn consummation
 = all fle%1   ,is1 9 ! case ( ea*1     
anticipate   ,^u 8 dea?2 &1 z ! la/     
great day   ,9 ! p>ticul> judgm5t is    
rehe>s$1   ,s n[ too1 ere ?\ come/ to ! 
?rone1   ,a presage falls ^u !e1 z a ray
   ,/raight f ! ,judge1 expressive ( ?y 
lot4   ,t calm & joy upris+ 9 ?y s\l    

,is fir/-fruit to !e ( ?y recomp5se1    
,& heav5 begun4  ,sec4 #d4    ,,s\l4    
,b h>k6 ^u my s5se   ,comes a fi]ce     
hubbub1 :i* w\ld make me fe>1   ,c\ld ,i
 be fright$4  7,,to ,,be ,,cont9u$47    
------  #ebf  ,f ,! ,/4 ,james ,magaz9e 
,,ext9ct ,,species  ,! /udy ( geology   
tea*es u t our planet1 has und]gone _m  
successive physical revolutions1 ! cru/ 
( x be+ made up ( lay] ^u lay]1 aft] !  
mann] ( ! successive peels ( an onion4  
,ea* ( ^! successive depositions        
con/itutes ! tomb ( animal =ms t h liv$ 
& pass$ away4 ,n[ x is a fre%-wat] or a 
m>9e %ell t ! exploratory geologi/      
discloses2 n[ ! skeleton1 or p>ts ( a   
skeleton1 f ! evid5ce ( :i* a comp>ative
 anatomi/ c reproduce1 by model or      
picture1 ! exact =ms4 ,occasionally     
sci5ce has to build up h] pres5tm5t (   
animals t 71 f ! scanty evid5ce ( _! m]e
 footfalls4 ,z ! poa*] is guid$ to !    
timid h>e1 cr\*+ 9 h] seat1 by ! ve/iges
 ( h] footpr9ts on ! sn[1 s ! geologi/ c
 9 _m cases arrive at tol]ably c]ta9    

conclusions relative to ! size & aspect 
( an ext9ct animal by ! evid5ce (       
foot/eps on n[ solid rock4 ,& if x be   
dem&$ h[ x happ5s t n[ solid rocks c be>
 ! traces ( su* s(t impressions1 ! reply
 is simple4 ,!re evid5tly 0 a "t :5 ^!  
rocks1 n[ s h>d & solid1 7 m]e          
agglom]ations ( pla/ic matt]1 comp>able 
= consi/5ce to ord9>y clay4 ,x ne$s n   
ev5 ! weight ( a footfall to impress    
mat]ial ( temp] s s(t z ?is4 ,! pla%es (
 ra9 are di/9ctly visible ^u _m rocks n[
 h>d1 & :i* h only acquir$ _! consi/5ce 
) ! lapse ( c\ntless ages4  ,!          
geologi/'s notion ( ! ^w rec5t          
compreh5ds a span ( "t ( beg9n+ s remote
 t ! olde/ records ( human hi/ory fade  
to insignificance by comp>ison4 ,s9ce   
?is _w ( ours acquir$ its f9al surface  
settlem5t1 s to speak1 num]\s species h 
become ext9ct4 ,! process ( exhau/ion   
has gone /eadily on4 ,x has be5 det]m9$ 
by v>i\s causes1 "s readily explicable1 
o!rs involv$ 9 d\bt4 ,x is a matt] well 
e/abli%$1 = example1 t all nor!rn ,asia 

0 at "o "t1 n geologically remote1      
ov]run by h]ds ( mammo? creatures :i*1 z
 to size1 dw>f ! l>ge/ elephants n[     
exi/+2 & :i*1 among o!r po9ts di/+ui%+  
!m f mod]n elephants1 71 unlike ^!1     
cov]$ by a crop ( long hair4 ,v mu* ( ! 
ivory manufactur$ 9 ,russia consi/s ( ! 
tusks ( ^! n[ ext9ct mammo?s1 untomb$ f 
"t to "t4  ,tilesius decl>es 8 belief t 
mammo? skeletons /ill left 9 nor!rn     
,russia exce$ 9 numb] all ! elephants n[
 exi/+ ^u ! globe4 ,d\btless ! process (
 mammo? ext9ction 0 v gradual1 & ext5d$ 
ov] an enorm\s space ( "t4 ,?is         
circum/ance is indicat$ by ! v>y+       
condition 9 :i* ! tusks & tee? are f\nd4
 ,:]eas ! gelat9e1 or s(t animal matt]1 
( _m specim5s rema9s1 imp>t+ "o ( !     
*>act]i/ics necess>y to ! be+ ( ivory1  
o!r specim5s h lo/ ?is mat]ial1 & m9]al 
sub/ances1 infiltrat+1 h tak5 its place4
 ,! gem turquoise is pretty g5]ally     
conc$$ to be no?+ else ?an ! fossiliz$  
too? ( "s ext9ct animal--probably !     
mammo?4  ,curiosity ( speculation       

prompts ! m9d to imag9e to itself ! "t  
:5 ! la/ ( ^! gigantic animals succumb$ 
to influ5ces t 7 f9ally de/9$ to sweep  
!m all f ! e>?4 ,_h m5 come ^u ! sc5e :5
 !y roam$ _! native wilds8 ,7 ^? wilds !
 same z n[ z to climate & vegetable     
gr[?s8 #ebg ,te/imony is mute4 ,"t      
sil5tly unveils ! sepul*r$ rema9s1 leav+
 fancy to expatiate z %e w on a topic   
:olly beyond ! scope ( mortal           
intellig5ce4  ,inasmu* z bones & tusks (
 ! mammo? are dug up 9 enorm\s          
quantities ov] tracts n[ almo/ b>e (    
trees1 & scanty z to o!r vegetation1    
c]ta9 naturali/s h assum$ t 9 times     
coeval ) mammo? or ma/odonic life !     
vegetation ( ^! regions mu/ h be5 ri*]  
?an n[1 o!rwise h[ c\ld su* troops (    
enorm\s bea/s h ga9$ _! su/5ance8  ,on  
?is po9t ,sir ,*>les ,lyell bids u n to 
be too confid5t affirmatively4 ,he      
rem>ks t luxuriance ( vegetable gr[? is 
n se5 at ! "t be+ to correspond ) !     
preval5ce ( ! associat$ fauna4 ,! nor!rn
 isl& ( ! ,new ,zeal& gr\p1 at ! p]iod  

:5 ,europeans fir/ set foot !re1 0 mo/ly
 cov]$ by a luxuriant gr[? ( =e/ trees1 
( %rubs & grasses4 ,admirably adapt$ to 
! be+ ( h]bivor\s animals1 ! l& 0 :olly 
devoid ( ! same4 ,brazilian =e/s (f]    
ano!r case 9 illu/ration2 a /rong] case 
?an ! wilds ( ,new ,zeal&1 inasmu* z !  
climate may be assum$ z m cong5ial to ! 
developm5t ( animal life4 ,n[h]e on e>? 
does nature teem ) an equal am\nt (     
vegetable luxuriance2 yet ,brazilian    
=e/s are rem>kable = almo/ ! total      
abs5ce ( l>ge animals4 ,p]haps no pres5t
 tract is s d5sely end[$ ) animal life z
 t ( ,s\? ,africa1 a region :]e /]ility 
is ! prevail+ *>act]i/ic2 :]e =e/ trees 
are r>e & o!r vegetation scant2 :]e     
wat]1 too1 is infrequ5t4  ,pres5t       
examples1 su* z ^!1 %\ld make a         
naturali/ hesitate be=e com+ to !       
conclusion t ,sib]ian wilds1 ev5 z n[1 7
 :olly incompatible ) ! exi/5ce &       
support ( troops ( mammo?s or ma/odons4 
,speculat+ n[ z to ! late/ "t ( !       
exi/5ce ( ma/odons 9 ,sib]ia1 a         

circum/ance has to be not$ t w\ld seem  
to c\nt5ance ! belief 9 ! exi/5ce ( x up
 to a n v remote p]iod ( hi/oric times4 
,9 ! ye> #ahdc1 ! season be+ w>m] ?an   
usual1 a mass ( ,sib]ian ice ?aw$1 &1 9 
?aw+1 untomb$ "o ( ^! animals1 p]fect 9 
all respects1 ev5 to ! sk9 & hair4 ,!   
fle% ( ?is creature furni%$ repa/ to    
wolves & be>s1 s little alt]ation _h x  
und]gone4 ,ano!r ma/odon 0 dis5tomb$ on 
! ,tas1 betwe5 ! ,obi & ,y5esei1 ne> !  
arctic circle1 ab\t lat4 #ff deg4 #cj'  
,n41 ) "s p>ts ( its fle% 9 s p]fect a  
/ate t ! bulb ( ! eye n[ exi/s pres]v$ 9
 ! ,mosc[ museum4 ,ano!r adult c>cass1  
accompani$ by an individual ( ! same    
species1 0 f\nd 9 #ahdc1 9 lat4 #ge deg4
 #ae' ,n41 ne> ! riv] ,taimyr1 ! fle%   
be+ decay$4 ,associat$ ) x1 ,midd5dorf  
obs]v$ ! trunk ( a l>* tree 7,p9us      
l>ix71 ! same wood t n[ gr[s 9 ! same   
neighborhood abundantly4  ,x is no "p ( 
our int5tion to discuss ! causes (      
mammo? ext9ction4 ,?is result has       
assur$ly n be5 caus$ by any onslaught ( 

! de/roy] man4 ,! ,sib]ian wilds are    
scantily populat$ n[1 & x has nev] be5  
sugge/$ t at any ant]ior p]iod _! human 
d5iz5s 7 m pl5tiful4 ,nature (t5        
e/abli%es ! balance ( h] organic life   
?r\gh a s]ies ( ag5cies s ab/rusely     
ref9$1 & act+1 beside1 ov] s long a     
p]iod1 t !y altoge!r escape man's       
cognizance4 ,! believ] 9 ! ,god (       
nature's adaptation ( means to ends w   
see no reason to make an exception 9    
animal species to :at is demon/rat$ by  
examples 9 s _m o!r cases to be a g5]al 
law4 ,! dogma1 t no g5]al law is )\t    
exceptions1 ?\gh "o to :i* implicit     
cr$5ce has be5 giv51 may nev]!less be   
devoid ( ! univ]sality commonly imput$4 
,on ! contr>y1 ! application ( ?is dogma
 may ext5d ov] a v n>r[ field2 may be   
only ref]able to ! codifications1       
artificial & :olly #ebh conv5tional1 :i*
 mank9d = _! conv5i5ce e/abli%1 & "u a  
false impression elevate to ! position (
 laws4 ,if logical pro( 9 syllogi/ic =m 
be dem&$ z to ! proposition t laws      

e/abli%$ by nature h no exceptions1 !   
fulfilm5t ( dem& w\ld n be possible2    
inasmu* z human reason is too impot5t = 
grasp+1 & too re/rict$ 9 its en]gies =  
inve/igat+1 ! multif>i\s issues :i* !   
discussion ( su* a !sis w\ld involve4 ,z
 com+ ev5ts1 h[ev]1 are said by ! poet  
to ca/ _! %ad[s 9 advance1 s1 z h]alds &
 h>b+]s ( tru?s beyond logical pro(1    
come beliefs1 fai?s1 ev5 moral          
convictions4 ,( ?is sort is ! assurance 
( ! balance e/abli%$ by nature at ea*   
pass+ epo* ( be+ 9 ! _w4  ,! naturali/  
is impress$ ) ! firm belief t ! numb] ( 
animal species exi/+ on ! e>?1 & ! numb]
 ( individuals 9 ea* species1 are       
balanc$ & apportion$ 9 "s way & by "s   
my/]i\s co-relation to ! ne$s ( !       
univ]se4  ,"s presumptive te/imony 9    
favor ( ?is belief is af=d$ by !        
discussion1 b>ely yet conclud$1 relative
 to ! effect ( small bird de/ruction4   
,)\t any m elaborate reason+ on ?is     
topic ?an foll[s necess>ily z ! result (
 newspap] read+1 ! g5]al concession w be

 made by any "o ( unbias$ m9d1 t if     
small bird de/ruction c\ld be enact$ to 
its exhau/ive limits--if e small bird   
c\ld be de/roy$--! aggregate ( vitality 
?us dispos$ ( w\ld be balanc$ ?r\gh !   
increase ( o!r organisms4 ,insect life  
w\ld teem & multiply to an ext5t        
proportionate ) ! removal ( an ant]ior  
re/ra9+ cause4  ,! nature ( ! topic on  
:i* we are engag$ does n =ce ^u u ! "q  
:e!r su* proportionate increase ( insect
 life be advantage\s or disadvantage\s4 
,:at we are :olly conc]n$ 9 plac+ 9     
evid5ce is ! balance kept up betwe5     
vital organisms ( diff]5t species by    
nature4 ,nor is ! balance ( vitality    
e/abli%$ betwe5 diff]5t animal species4 
,x also may be trac$1 & ev5 m di/9ctly1 
betwe5 ! vegetable & animal k+doms2 ea* 
reg>d$ 9 its entirety4 ,vegetables c    
only gr[ by ! assimilation ( an elem5t  
7c>bon7 :i* animals evolve by           
respiration1 z be+ a poison4            
,consid]ation ( ?is fact well-nigh =ces 
! conclusion ^u ! m9d--if1 inde$1 !     

conclusion be n inevitable--t if ?r\gh  
any va/ cataclysm animat$ life 7 to     
become sudd5ly ext9ct ?r\gh\t ! _w1     
vegetable life w\ld langui% until ! la/ 
traces ( atmosph]ic c>bon _h become     
exhau/$1 & !n p]i%4  ,9 ma9t5ance ( h]  
vital balance ?r\gh ! op]ation ( "s     
occult law1 x (t5 happ5s t animals t h  
ceas$ to be obvi\sly useful1 z tak+ "p 9
 a g5]al economy ar\nd !m1 are se5 to   
die out4 ,:il/ wolves & elks roam$ ov]  
,irel& ! magnific5t ,iri% wolf-dog 0    
common4 ,) ! disappe>ance ( wolves !    
bre$ ( wolf-dogs langui%$1 & has        
ultimately become ext9ct4 ,z a matt] (  
zoological curiosity _m an ,iri%        
g5tleman w\ld h desir$ to p]petuate ?is 
gigantic & int]e/+ race ( dogs2 b !     
op]ation1 ! t5d5cy to vital equilibrium 
has be5 ov]-/rong to be contrav5$--!    
race ( ,iri% wolf-dogs has fleet$ away4 
,speak+ n[ ( ! huge ,sib]ian mammo?s1 f 
:i* we div]g$1 ( ^! fai? 9 nature's     
balanc$ adaptation assures u t !y di$   
out s soon z !y ceas$ to be necess>y z a

 comp5sation to "s unkn[n =ce 9 ! vital 
economy4  ,spans & p]iods ( "t1 su* z ^?
 compreh5d$ by ! human m9d1 & comp>$ ) !
 normal p]iod ( individual human        
exi/5ce1 dw9dle to no?+ness :5 attempt$ 
to be made ! units ( measurem5t 9       
calculations involv+ ! duration (       
species4 ,p]haps ! data are n available 
= enabl+ ! mo/ c>eful inve/igator to    
come to an approximate #ebi conclusion z
 to ! numb] ( ye>s t mu/ elapse be=e !  
race ( exi/+ elephants1 ,african &      
,indian1 w become ext9ct1 dep>t+ f ! e>?
 z mammo?s h dep>t$4 ,! "t1 h[ev]1 mu/  
inevitably arrive = t consummation "u ! 
rule ( ! pres5t c\rse ( ?+s4  ,)\t =e/ =
 %ade & su/5ance ! race ( wild elephants
 _c exi/2 &1 inasmu* z elephants nev]   
bre$ 9 captivity1 ea* tame elephant hav+
 be5 once reclaim$ f ! =e/s1 x foll[s1 f
 ! consid]ation ( inevitable results1 t 
soon] or lat]1 b "s day1 nev]!less1 "o (
 two possible issues mu/ be             
consummat$--ei!r t man %all cease to g  
on subdu+ ! e>?1 cutt+ d[n =e/s & br++ !

 l& into cultivation1 or else elephants 
mu/ become ext9ct4 ,:o c ent]ta9 a d\bt 
z to ! alt]native issue8 ,man has gone  
on conqu]+ & to conqu] f ! "t he came ^u
 ! sc5e4 ,animals1 save ^? he c         
dome/icate1 h gone on fleet+ & fleet+   
away4 ,x is mo/ probable1 nev]!less1 t  
"o proportionate aggregate ( vitality   
has at e p]iod be5 ma9ta9$4  ,! mo/ m>k$
 examples ( ! pass+ away ( animal       
species )9 p]iods ( "t1 9 "s cases n v  
remote1 pron\nc$ ( ev5 9 a hi/orical    
s5se1 is se5 9 ! record ( c]ta9 gigantic
 birds4 ,! l>ge/ individuals ( ! fea!r$ 
tribes n[ extant are o/ri*es2 b ! "t 0  
:5 ^! plum$ d5iz5s ( ! ,sah>a 7 small   
inde$ by comp>ison ) exi/+ species4 ,"s 
idea ( ! bulk ( ! epiornis--an ext9ct   
species--may be ga!r$ f a comp>ison ( ! 
bulk ( "o ( its eggs ) t ( o!r birds4   
,accord+ to ,m4 ,isidore ,ge(froy1 :o "s
 "t s9ce pres5t$ "o ( ^! eggs to ! ,fr5*
 ,academy ( ,sci5ces1 ! capacity ( x 0  
no less ?an eight litres & ?ree-f\r?s4  
,?is w\ld prove x to be ab\t six times !

 size ( ! o/ri*'s egg1 #adh times t ( an
 ord9>y f[l1 & no less ?an #ej1jjj times
 ! size ( ! egg ( ! humm+-bird4 ,! egg  
exhibit$ 0 "o ( v few t h be5 discov]$2 
h5ce no?+ t5ds to ! belief t x 0 "o ( ! 
l>ge/4 ,! fir/ k ( ! exi/5ce ( ?is      
gigantic bird 0 acquir$ 9 #ahea4 ,! sole
 rema9s ( ! species hi!rto f\nd are "s  
egg-%ells & a few bones4 ,^! suffice1   
h[ev]1 = an ideal reproduction ( !      
creature "u ! syn!tical treatm5t (      
comp>ative anatomy4 ,! epiornis inhabit$
 ,madagasc>4 ,! creature's height c\ld n
 h be5 less ?an f n9e to twelve feet1 & 
! pres]vation ( its rema9s is su* z to  
w>rant ! belief 9 its comp>atively rec5t
 exi/5ce4  ,( a /ructure z l>ge z !     
epiornis1 probably l>g]1 ?\gh diff]+ f !
 latt] 9 c]ta9 anatomical p>ticul>s1    
accord+ to ! belief ( ,pr(essor ,ow51 is
 a c]ta9 ,new ,zeal& giant bird1 call$  
by him ! d9ornis4 ,z 9 ! case ( !       
,madagasc> bird1 ! evid5ce relat+ to ?is
 is v rec5t4 ,"s few ye>s ago an ,engli%
 g5tleman receiv$ f a relative settl$ 9 

,new ,zeal& "s fragm5ts ( l>ge bones t  
_h belong$ to "s creature ( species     
undet]m9$4 ,he s5t !m to ,pr(essor ,ow5 
= exam9ation1 & 0 n a little surpris$ at
 ! assurance t ! bones 9 "q1 al?\gh     
seem+ly hav+ belong$ to an animal z l>ge
 z an ox1 7 actually ^? ( a bird4 ,!    
comp>ative anatomi/ 0 guid$ 9 com+ to   
?is conclusion by a c]ta9 cancellat$    
/ructure possess$ by ! bony fragm5ts1 a 
*>act]i/ic ( ! bones ( birds4 ,= a "t   
,pr(essor ,ow5's dictum 0 receiv$ )     
hesitation1 n to say disbelief1 on ! "p 
( "s p4 ,! subsequ5t f9d+ ( m rema9s1   
eggs z well z bones1 soon ju/ifi$ !     
naturali/'s v]dict1 h[ev]4 ,n ! slighte/
 d\bt rema9s n[ ^u ! m9d ( any zoologi/ 
relative to ! pa/ exi/5ce ( ! d9ornis2  
nay1 ! #ecj impression prevails t ?is   
fea!r$ mon/] may be liv+ 9 "s ( ! m     
inaccessible p>ts ( ! s\!rn isl& ( ,new 
,zeal& at ! pres5t "t4 ,be t z x may1 ! 
d9ornis c only h become ext9ct rec5tly1 
ev5 us+ ?is ^w 9 a hi/orical s5se1 z !  
foll[+ te/imony w make manife/3--  ,a   

sort ( mummification prevail$ among/ !  
,maories until ,*ri/ianity _h ga9$ gr\nd
 among/ !m4 ,! process 0 n exactly      
simil> to t by :i* ,egyptian mummies 7  
=m$1 b resembl$ x1 nev]!less1 9 !       
p>ticul> ( desiccation4 ,smok+ 0 ! exact
 process foll[$2 & smok$ ,maori heads   
are common en\gh 9 naturali/s' museums4 
,9 a g5]al way ,maori heads alone 7     
smok$1 c]ta9 pr9ciples ( food economy   
prompt+ a m utilit>ian treatm5t = entire
 bodies4 ,nev]!less1 z a m>k ( p>ticul> 
respect to "s important *ief n[ & !n1   
affectionate survivors exempt$ 8 corpse 
f ! ov51 & smok+ x entire1 set x up     
among/ ! ,maori l>es & p5ates z an      
ornam5t4 ,?is explanation is n altoge!r 
p> p>5!se1 = x br+s me to ! po9t (      
n>rat+ "s evid5ce favorable to ! op9ion 
t ! d9ornis _c h be5 ext9ct 9 ,new      
,zeal& ev5 at a rec5t hi/orical p]iod4  
,n long ago ! body ( a ,maori 0 f\nd 9 a
 c]ta9 remote crypt1 & re/+ on "o h& 0  
an egg ( ?is bird giant4 ,contemplate n[
 ! be>+s ( ! te/imony4 ,! ,maori race is

 n indig5\s to ,new ,zeal&1 b arriv$ !re
 by migration f ,hawai4 ,n alone d !    
records ( ! two gr\ps ( ,pacific isl&s 9
 "q adv]t to su* migration1 b c]ta9     
radical co9cid5ces ( language l5d       
confirmation4 ,x is fur!r a matt] (     
tradition t ! migration took place ab\t 
?ree hundr$ ye>s ago4 ,n[1 ev5 if !     
rec5tly discov]$ specim5 ( ,maori mummy 
art _h be5 execut$ on ! v fir/ adv5t ( !
 race1 ! p]iod elaps$ w\ld be1          
hi/orically speak+1 rec5t4 ,! laws (    
*ance1 h[ev]1 are adv]se to any su*     
assumption2 &1 moreov]1 ! degree (      
civilization--if ! expression may be    
us$--impli$ by ! d$ication ( an entire  
human body to an ae/hetic purpose1      
in/ead ( devot+ x to "o ( common        
utility--c\ld only h be5 a*iev$ aft] a  
c]ta9 lapse ( "t4  ,accord+ to ,pr(essor
 ,ow51 !re mu/ h be5 _m species (       
d9ornis4 ,! l>ge/ individuals ( "o      
species1 accord+ to him1 c\ld n h be5   
less ?an f\r y>ds high4 ,accord+ to !   
same naturali/1 moreov]1 ^! birds 7 n   

rem>kable by _! size alone2 !y _h1 he   
av]s1 c]ta9 peculi>ities ( =m e/abli%+ a
 l9k betwe5 !m & ! cass[>y & apt]yx3 !  
latt] a curi\s bird /ill f\nd 9 ,new    
,zeal&1 b v r>e nev]!less4  ,( colossal 
dim5sions z 7 ! d9ornis & epiornis1 !   
size ( bo? s9ks into insignificance by  
comp>ison ) ano!r giant bird1 traces (  
:i*1 & only traces1 are discov]able 9   
,nor? ,am]ica1 at ! epo* :5 ! deposit ( 
! con*ylian /age ( ,massa*usetts 0 yet  
s(t en\gh to yield "u ! feet ( creatures
 /epp+ ^u its surface4 ,foot/eps1 inde$1
 are ! only traces left ( ^! giant      
birds1 & !y are f\nd side by side ) !   
impr9ts ( drops ( ra9 :i* fell on !     
yield+ surface 9 ^? e>ly times4 ,mo/ly !
 footm>ks only correspond ) ?ree toes1 b
 occasionally !re are traces ( a f\r?--a
 toe comp>able to a ?umb1 only direct$  
=w>d1 n backw>d4 ,m>ks ( claws are      
occasionally f\nd4 ,e trace & l9eam5t ( 
! ,massa*usetts bird is m>vell\sly      
exceptional4 ,! feet mu/ h be5 no less  
?an fifte5 in*es long1 )\t reckon+ !    

h9d] claw1 ! l5g? ( :i* alone is two    
in*es4 ,! wid? mu/ h be5 t5 in*es4 ,!   
int]vals betwe5 ^! footm>ks correspond  
evid5tly ) ! /ride ( ! mon/]1 :i* got   
ov] ! gr\nd by cov]+ successive /ages ( 
f #eca f\r to five feet6 ,:5 we consid] 
t ! /ride ( an o/ri* is no m ?an f t5 to
 twelve in*es1 ! application ( ?is      
record w be obvi\s4 ,"h closes !        
te/imony already reveal$ 9 respect ( ?is
 bird1 except we also ref] to x--:i* is 
apocryphal--c]ta9 coprolites or         
excrem5titi\s matt]s f\nd 9 ! same      
=mation4  ,= ! prec$+ facts naturali/s  
are indebt$ to ! inve/igations ( ,mr4   
,hit*cock4 ,! evid5ce adduc$ leaves no  
place = d\bt z to ! previ\s exi/5ce ( a 
giant bird to :i* ! traces are ref]able4
 ,naturali/s1 h[ev]1 7 sl[ to come to   
?is conclusion2 s extraord9>y did x seem
 t a bird %\ld h liv$ at a p]iod s      
remote z t :5 ^! geological =mations 7  
deposit$4 ,to ga9 "s idea ( ! antiquity 
( t =mation1 "o has only to rememb] t ! 
con*ylian /age is only ! fif? 9 ! ord] (

 "t ( ! tw5ty-eight /ages ( :i*1 accord+
 to ,alcide ,d',orbigny1 ! cru/ ( ! e>? 
is made up1 f ! p]iod ( primitive rocks 
to ! pres5t date4 ,h[ev]1 _m rec5t facts
 h t5d$ to prove t sev]al animals1      
mammalians & saurians among/ o!rs1 are  
f> m anci5t ?an _h be5 imag9$2 aft] :i* 
evid5ce ^! giant bird footpr9ts h lo/   
mu* ( ! improbability :i* once seem$ to 
atta* to !m4  ,pass we on n[ to ! traces
 ( ano!r v curi\s bird1 ! exi/5ce ( :i* 
has be5 demon/rat$ by ,pr(essor ,ow51   
accord+ to :om ! creature mu/ h liv$ at 
! epo* ( ! s*i/s ( ,sob5h(54 ,! "n giv5 
by ,pr(essor ,ow5 to ?is curi\s ext9ct  
bird is ar*eopt]ix4 ,its peculi>ities   
are s num]\s t = "s "t naturali/s d\bt$ 
:e!r x %\ld be consid]$ a reptile or a  
bird2 betwe5 :i* two !re exi/ num]\s    
po9ts ( simil>ity4 ,& n[1 :il/ deal+ )  
bird-giants1 x w\ld be wrong n to make  
"s ref]5ce to a discov]y made 9 #ahee1  
at ,bas ,meudon1 ( c]ta9 osse\s rema9s1 
ref]able to a bird t mu/ h atta9$ !     
dim5sions ( a horse2 t float$ on wat] l 

a swan1 & pois$ itself at roo/ ^u "o    
leg4 ,monsieur ,con/ant ,prevo/1 !      
naturali/ :o has mo/ /udi$ ! bird1 gave 
to x ! "n ( ga/ornis ,p>isi5sis4 ,! bony
 rema9s ( ?is creature 7 f\nd 9 ! t]ti>y
 =mation 9 a conglom]ate associat$ )    
*alk1 :i* ref]s ! ga/ornis to a date m  
remote ?an any yet accord$ to any o!r   
bird4  ,f a b>e record ( facts          
contemplate we n[ our planet z x mu/ h  
be5 :5 inhabit$ by ! mon/r\s birds &    
reptiles & quadrup$s :i* prec$$ ! adv5t 
( man4 ,^! 7 times :5 animat$ =ms atta9$
 dim5sions :i* are n[ :olly exceptional4
 ,t may be describ$ z ! age :5 physical 
& physiological =ces 7 dom9ant1 z ! =ce 
( moral ag5cy dom9ates ov] ! pres5t1 &  
is de/9$1 z appe>ances t5d to prove1 to 
rule ev5 m fully h]eaft]4 ,might x n    
seem t 9 nature an economy is           
recognizable simil> to ! economy ( human
 exi/5ce8 ,c we n recognize an          
antagonism betwe5 ! developm5t ( brute  
=ce & ( ! quality ( m9d8 ,w\ld x n ev5  
seem t nature c\ld n at "o & ! same "t  

develop m5tal & corporeal giants8 ,!    
physiological reign has only decl9$ to  
prep>e ! adv5t ( moral asc5dancy4 ,giant
 bodies seem fad+ f ! e>?1 & giant      
spirits comm5c+ to rule4 ,humanity is   
progressive2 is n its progression made  
manife/ by ^! zoological revelations8 ,!
 fir/ bone traces ( human be+s range    
back to an epo* po/]ior to ! mon/r\s    
quadrup$s entomb$ 9 ! diluvium4 ,h]eaft]
 giants1 probably1 w only be se5 9 !    
moral _w1 gross] corporeal giant =ms    
hav+ become ext9ct4 ,! physical         
gigantesque is n yet inde$ bani%$ f !   
e>?1 b ! p]iod ( its #ecb bani%m5t w\ld 
seem to be at h&4  ,! probability is t  
all ! great birds to :i* ref]5ce has be5
 made 71 l ! o/ri*1 incapable ( flight4 
,?is defect1 :5 contemplat$ f ! po9t (  
view sugge/$ by mod]n classifications1  
seems "o ( ! mo/ rem>kable ab]rations ( 
nature ( :i* we h cognizance4 ,= a bird 
to be depriv$ ( :at seems ! mo/ ess5tial
 *>act]i/ic ( bird-life--to be bani%$ f 
! region t we h come to reg>d z !       

special doma9 ( bird-life--b\nd to !    
e>?1 =c$ to m+le ) quadrup$s--seems to !
 m9d ! complete/ ( all possible         
dep>tures f e/abli%$ type4  ,?\ghts su* 
z ^! result f our artificial sy/ems &   
classifications4 ,ap>t f ^!1 !          
conditions ( giant walk+ birds t 71 & to
 a limit$ ext5t are1 w be f\nd to       
h>monize well ) surr\nd+ conditions4    
,suppose we take ! case ( ! o/ri* =     
example2 ?is bird be+ ! *ief liv+       
repres5tative ( giant bird-life rema9+  
to u f ! pa/4 ,9 ! o/ri*1 !n1 d we view 
a creature s p]fectly adapt$ to         
conditions :i* surr\nd x t no ne$ falls 
%ort & no quality is 9 excess4 ,a       
complete bird 9 mo/ anatomical          
*>act]i/ics1 x borr[s o!rs f ano!r type4
 ,! sum ( ! vital elem5ts :i* normally1 
_h ! o/ri* be5 l fly+ birds1 %\ld h gone
 to end[ ! w+s1 has be5 direct$ t[>d !  
legs & feet1 & !reupon conc5trat$4 ,bird
 qualities & bea/ qualities h m+l$1 &1 z
 we n[ p]ceive1 h h>moniz$4 ,if to !    
o/ri* fly+ is d5i$--if x c only travel  

on foot1 yet is x an excell5t p$e/rian4 
,a quality ( :i* x has be5 depriv$ we n[
 f9d to h be5 transmut$ into ano!r      
quality--! o/ri* has f\nd its equival5t4
  ,reflect+ ?us1 we cease to pity !     
o/ri*2 we beg9 to see t nature has be5  
supremely wise1 our classifications only
 hav+ l$ u into error4 ,a new ?\ght     
dawns ^u our appreh5sion2 in/ead ( long]
 reg>d+ ! o/ri* z furni%+ an example (  
nature's bird-creative p[] gone a/ray1  
we come to look ^u ?is creature z       
design$ ^u ! type ( ord9>y walk+        
animals1 & hav+ "s bird *>act]i/ics     
add$4 ,assur$ly ?is po9t ( view is bett]
 ?an ! o!r2 = :]eas ! fir/ reveals      
nature to u ?r\gh ! di/ort+ m$ium ( an  
ab/raction1 ! o!r %[s u nature h]self4  
,x is n a matt] ( complete c]ta9ty t !  
bird-type1 z naturali/s expla9 & def9e x
 9 _! sy/ems1 exi/s2 b !re c be no d\bt 
z to ! exi/5ce ( ! o/ri*4 ,9 ?is mode ( 
expression !re is no?+ p>adoxical2 &    
d\btless1 :5 we come to reflect ^u x1 ! 
case w n fail to seem a little /range t 

we are s commonly 9 ! habit ( te/+ !    
inequalities ( be+s by ref]5ce to       
sy/ems1 in/ead ( foll[+ ! opposite      
c\rse1 viz41 t ( te/+ ! value &         
complet5ess ( sy/ems by ref]5ce to !    
qualities ( individuals !y embrace4     
,naturali/s inv5t a sy/em & make x _!   
t\*/one ( tru?2 :]eas ! real t\*/one    
w\ld be ! creature sy/ematiz$4 ,! o/ri* 
simply goes to prove t ! zoological     
types imag9$ by naturali/s are end[$ )  
less ( ! absolute ?an philosoph]s 9 _!  
pride ( sci5ce _h imag9$4 ,animal types 
are n ! /rang]s to ea* o!r t artificial 
classifications w\ld make !m appe>4     
,nor is flexibility ( bird-type only    
manife/$ by ! examples :]e9 a bird      
acquires *>act]i/ics ( quadrup$s & o!r  
walk+ animals4 ,w+s may ev5 become      
metamorphos$ into a sort ( f9s1 ?us     
e/abli%+ a connection betwe5 bird-life &
 fi%-life4 ,?is occurs 9 ! man*ot1 a    
bird n less aquatic 9 its habits ?an !  
seal--( fly+ & walk+ almo/ equally      
incapable--a bird ! natural locomotive  

condition ( :i* is to be plung$ #ecc 9  
wat] up to ! neck4 ,assur$ly no?+ c be m
 absurd ?an ! attempt to recognize1 9 ^!
 ambigu\s organizations1 s _m attempts (
 nature to pass f "o type to ano!r4  ,no
 matt] :at religi\s sy/em "o may h      
adopt$1 or :at philosophical code3 !    
int]pretation ( nature 7accord+ to :i*  
%e is repres5t$ z mak+ essays--try+     
exp]im5ts7 is alike inadmissible4 ,nei!r
 ,god omnisci5t1 nor nature infallible1 
c be assum$ by ! philosoph] z try+      
exp]im5ts4 ,!re are1 inde$1 no essays 9 
nature b degrees--transitions4 ,:]e=e ^!
 transitions8 is a "q t br+s philosophy 
to bay1 & demon/rates h] weakness4 ,x is
 a "q t _c be pond]$ too deeply4 ,!re9  
lies ! g]m ( "s great my/]y4  ,rev]t+ to
 bird-giants1 pa/ & pres5t1 x is        
assur$ly incorrect to assume1 z c]ta9   
naturali/s h assum$1 t fly+ w\ld h be5  
incompatible ) _! bulk4 ,!re exi/ birds 
( prey1 ( ^: bodies ! specific gravity  
does n diff] mu* f t ( ! o/ri*1 & are   
p[]ful 9 flight nev]!less4 ,!n ano!r    

class ( facts rises up 9 opposition to !
 hypo!sis1 t m]e gr&eur ( dim5sions is !
 limit to w+$ fly+4 ,nei!r ! apt]yx nor 
! man*ot fly any m ?an ! o/ri*4 ,nei!r  
is a l>ge bird1 nor1 relatively to size1
 a heavy bird4 ,z reg>ds ! epiornis1 !  
position is n univ]sally acc$$ to by    
naturali/s t ! creature 0 l ! o/ri*1 !  
apt]yx1 & cass[>y1 a m]e walk+ bird4 ,an
 ,italian naturali/1 ,signor ,bianconi1 
has not$ a c]ta9 peculi>ity 9 !         
metat>sal bones ( ! creature :i* induces
 him to ref] x to ! category ( w+$ birds
 ( prey4 ,if ?is hypo!sis be t5able1 !n 
a sort ( giant vulture ! epiornis w\ld h
 be53 "o 9 ^: impos+ pres5ce ! condor ( 
! ,&es w\ld h dw9dl$ to ! dim5sions ( a 
buzz>d4 ,fur!r1 if ,signor ,bianconi's  
assumption hold good1 !n may we n h done
 amiss 9 bani%+ ! roc to ! realms (     
fiction8 ,old ,m>co ,polo1 writ+ 9 !    
?irte5? c5tury1 describ$ ! roc          
circum/antially1 & ! acc\nt has be5 long
 consid]$ z ei!r a fiction or a mi/ake4 
,signor ,bianconi1 com+ to ! rescue ( 8 

fell[-c\ntryman1 ?9ks t ! ,italian      
travell] may h actually describ$ a giant
 bird ( prey extant at ! "t :5 he wrote1
 b :i* has n[ become ext9ct4  ,a notice 
( ext9ct birds w\ld be incomplete )\t   
ref]5ce to ! dodo1 ! v exi/5ce ( :i* _h 
be5 lately que/ion$2 s completely has x 
fleet$ away f ! e>?4 ,messrs4 ,brod]ip1 
,/rickl&1 & ,melville1 h[ev]1 h amply   
v9dicat$ ! dodo's claim to be reg>d$ a  
=m] d5iz5 ( ! _w we live 94 ,! dodo 0   
fir/ se5 by ! ,dut* :5 !y l&$ on ! ,isle
 ( ,france1 at t "t un9habit$1          
imm$iately subsequ5t to ! d\bl+ ( ,cape 
,horn by ! ,portuguese4 ,^! birds 7     
describ$ z hav+ no w+s1 b 9 ! place ( !m
 ?ree or f\r black fea!rs4 ,:]e ! tail  
%\ld be1 !re grew in/ead f\r or five    
curl+ plumes ( a grayi% color4 ,9 _!    
/oma*s !y 7 said to h commonly a /one z 
big z a fi/1 & h>d z ! gray ,b5tem]     
/one4 ,! boat's crew ( ! ,jacob ,van    
,neck call$ !m ,walgh-vogels 7surfeit   
birds71 because !y c\ld n cook !m or    
make !m t5d]1 or because !y 7 able to   

get s _m turtle-doves1 :i* _h a mu* m   
pleasant flavor1 s t !y took a disgu/ to
 ^! birds4 ,likewise1 x is said t ?ree  
or f\r ( ^! birds 7 en\gh to af=d a :ole
 %ip's company "o full meal4 ,inde$1 !  
sailors salt$ d[n "s ( !m1 & c>ri$ !m on
 ! voyage4  ,_m descriptions ( ! dodo 7 
giv5 by naturali/s aft] ! comm5cem5t ( !
 sev5te5? c5tury2 & ! ,briti% ,museum   
conta9s a pa9t+ said to h be5 copi$ #ecd
 f a liv+ individual4 ,und]nea? ! pa9t+ 
is a leg /ill f9ely pres]v$2 & 9 respect
 ( ?is leg naturali/s are agre$ t x _c  
belong to any exi/+ species4 ,! dodo mu/
 h be5 a curi\s bird1 if ,mr4 ,/rickl&'s
 notion ( him be correct2 & ,pr(essor   
,re9h>dt1 ( ,cop5hag51 holds a simil>   
op9ion4 ,! dodo1 ^! naturali/s affirm1 0
 a vulture-l dove--a sort ( ugly giant  
pigeon--b ) beak & claws l a vulture4   
,he _h companions or neighbors1 at lea/1
 n dissimil> 9 nature4 ,?us a bird call$
 ! solitaire inhabit$ ! small isl& (    
,rod]igues1 ?ree hundr$ miles ea/ ( !   
,mauritius4 ,man has ext]m9at$ !        

solitaire1 z well z o!r birds ne>ly     
alli$1 =m]ly d5iz5s ( ! ,isle ( ,b\rbon4
  ,! dodo w be se5 no m2 ! race has     
fleet$ away4 ,among birds1 ! emeu1 !    
cass[>y1 & ! apt]yx are species rapidly 
vani%+2 among/ quadrup$s1 ! kang>oo--!  
platypus3 o!rs sl[ly1 b n less surely4  
,aft] a :ile !y w be gone f ! e>? :olly1
 z be>s1 wolves1 mammo?s1 & hy5as h gone
 f our own isl&4 ,! ,bos primig5ius1 or 
great wild bull1 0 common 9 ,g]many :5  
,julius ,caes> fl\ri%$4 ,! race has     
become :olly ext9ct1 if1 inde$1 n       
incorporat$ ) ! bre$ ( l>ge tame ox5 (  
nor!rn ,europe4 ,! urus w\ld h become   
ext9ct b = ! c>e tak5 by ,russian       
emp]ors to pres]ve a remnant 9          
,li?uanian =e/s4 ,! beav] built 8 mud   
huts along ! ,saone & ,rhone up to ! la/
 few g5]ations ( man2 & :5 ,hannibal    
pass$ ?r\gh ,gaul on 8 way to ,italy1   
beav]s 9 ,gaul 7 common4 ,?us h animals 
migrat$ or di$ out1 pass$ away1 b !     
balance ( life has be5 pres]v$4 ,man has
 gone on conqu]+3 n[ ext]m9at+1 n[      

subject+4 ,save ! fi%es ( ! sea & !     
birds ( ! air1 ! "t w p]haps come :5    
creatures w h to *oose betwe5 subjection
 & dea?4 ,o/ri*es w\ld seem to be res]v$
 = ! fir/ alt]native1 see+ t 9 ,s\?     
,africa1 9 s\!rn ,france1 & ,italy1 ^!  
birds h lately be5 br$1 domicil$ into   
tame f[ls1 9 behalf ( _! fea!rs4 ,v     
pr(itable w\ld o/ri* f>m+ seem to be4   
,^! giant birds want no food b grass1 & 
! ye>ly fea!r yield ( ea* adult o/ri*   
realizes ab\t tw5ty-five p\nds /]l+4    
----  #ece  ,f ,*amb]s's ,j\rnal4  ,a   
,,d9n] ,,by ,,mi/ake4  ,only "o p\n'-t5 
a week1 sir1 & no extras2 & ,i may say y
 won't f9d su* *eap airy lodg+s any:]e  
else 9 ! place2 n to speak ( ! sea-view2
 & ! bu/l+ l&lady ?rew op5 ! door ( !   
t9y sitt+-room ) an air :i* w\ld h      
become a ,belgravian lackey4 ,x c]ta9ly 
0 a cosy1 sunny little ap>tm5t1 ) j su* 
a view ( ! sea1 & ( no?+ else :atsoev]1 
z is ! delight ( an inl& he>t1 ,i 0     
revolv+ 9 my m9d h[ to make t]ms on "o  
mo/ important po9t1 :5 %e aga9 broke =?3

 ,i c assure y1 sir1 ,i c\ld h let ^!   
same rooms aga9 & aga9 9 ! la/ two days1
 if ,i _h n giv5 my promise to ,mrs4    
,johnson t %e %\ld h !m next ,friday    
=tnight1 & ,i w\ld nev] g f my ^w1      
sir--nev]6 ?\gh ?is mon? is our h>ve/1 &
 x's h>d = me to h ! rooms /&+ empty4 ,z
 ,i told my niece only ye/]day1 ,i won't
 let =w>d aga91 n to please anybody1 = x
 don't answ]1 & x worrits me out ( my   
life4 ,& ,i'm sure1 sir1 if y l to come 
= ! =tnight1 ,i'll d my utmo/ to make y 
com=table2 & ,i always h giv5           
satisfaction2 & y c\ld n get nic] rooms 
n[h]e4  ,no1 said ,i1 tak+ advantage (  
h] pause = brea?2 ^! are v nice4 ,i--,i 
suppose y don't object to smok+8  ,!    
good woman's face assum$ a sev]e        
expression1 ?\gh ,i detect$ a comical   
tw9kle 9 h] eye4 ,:y1 sir1 we always d  
say--b if x's only a cig>1 & n "o ( !m  
na/y pipes--  ,i smil$3 ,to tell ! tru?1
 x g5]ally is a pipe4  ,is x n[8 ,well1 
sir1 if y please1 we won't say any?+    
ab\t x n[4 ,we h a lady-lodg] up/airs1 &

 if %e %\ld compla91 ,i c b say t x is  
aga9/ my rules1 & t ,i'll m5tion x to y4
 ,& s1 sir1 if y please1 ,i'll g n[1 &  
see to y\r portmanteau be+ tak5 up2 &   
!reupon %e vani%$1 leav+ me 9 sole      
possession4  ,i ?rew my bag & rug on to 
! s(a1 pu%$ a slipp]y horsehair arm*air 
up to ! w9d[1 & sat d[n to re/ & inhale 
! sea-breezes ) a c]ta9 satisfaction at 
be+ 9 h>bor4 ,z ,i be=e rem>k$1 !       
prospect 0 9 ! /ricte/ s5se ( ! words a 
sea-view4 ,f> away to ea/ & we/ /ret*$ !
 blue ocean2 & beside x1 ,i c\ld see    
only a /eep grass-bank j b5ea? my w9d[1 
) a broad %+ly pa? runn+ at its base1   
evid5tly design$ = an esplanade1 ?\gh no
 human =m 0 visible !reon4 ,away to !   
"r1 ,i j caught a glimpse ( %elv+ bea*1 
dott$ ) fi%]m5's boats2 & ( a long wood5
 jetty1 ) half-a-doz5 figures sl[ly pac+
 f end to end1 :ile ! dismal scree*+ ( a
 brass b& told ( an attempt at music m  
ambiti\s ?an successful4 ,x 0 n a lively
 look-out = a solit>y man1 & ,i half    
wi%$ myself back 9 my "m's com=table    

h\se at ,brompton4 ,h[ev]1 ,i 0 9 = x   
n[2 & ,i c\ld b try h[ f> a =tnight (   
op5 air & ex]cise w\ld recruit my wa/$  
/r5g?4 ,i _h be5 read+ really h>d at    
,ox=d ?r\gh ! la/ t]m1 & my v unusual   
indu/ry _h be5 foll[$ by a languor &    
we>9ess :i* s awak5$ my de> "m's        
solicitude t %e nev] re/$ till %e _h    
p]suad$ ,dr4 ,busby to prescribe sea-air
 & a total sep>ation f my books4 ,%e    
c\ld n come #ecf ) me1 z %e long$ to d1 
k9d s\l6 b %e pack$ my prop]ties1 & gave
 endless in/ructions z to diet1 all (   
:i* ,i _h =gott5 be=e ,i _h accompli%$ !
 fir/ mile ( my j\rney4 ,i don't "k :y  
,i came to t out-(-!-way wat]+-place1   
except t ,i 0 too languid to h a w ( my 
own1 or to c>e = ! noisy life (         
c\ntry-h\ses full ( sportsm54 ,s1 on !  
foll[+ morn+1 behold me 9 gray travell+ 
suit & wide-awake1 /roll+ along ! bea*1 
wat*+ ! pretty ba!rs z !y dipp$ _! heads
 "u wat]1 & !n reappe>$1 %ak+ ! dripp+  
tresses f _! eyes4 ,!n !re 7 ! fi%]m51  
brawny1 b>e-legg$ ,goliahs1 sett+ =? on 

_! day's toil1 & laun*+ _! boats ) su*  
%\ts & cries z1 to ! un9itiat$1 might   
indicate "s direful calamity4 ,! bea* 0 
alive n[1 = ! :ole visit+ population1   
su* z x 01 seem$ to h turn$ out ?is     
bright ,septemb] morn+1 & 7 scatt]$     
ab\t1 sket*+1 work+1 & *att]+4 ,i scann$
 ea* gr\p1 envy+ !m _! m]ry laught] &   
gay talk1 & half hop+ to recognize "s   
famili> face among ^? lazy l\ng+ y\?s & 
sun-burn$ damsels2 b my que/ 0          
fruitless1 & ,i pursu$ my lonely way    
ap>t4  ,really1 ?\gh1 ! little place    
improv$ ^u acqua9tance4 ,!re 7 f9e bold 
cliffs1 j precipit\s en\gh to make a    
scramble to ! top almo/ irresi/ible2 !re
 7 long /ret*es ( yell[ s& & %all[ pools
 glitt]+ 9 ! sunlight2 & !re 0 a breeze 
com+ /raight f ! nor? pole1 :i* quick5$ 
my blood1 & br\ght ! color into my sall[
 *eeks1 ev5 z ,i drank x 94 ,i ba!d1 ,i 
walk$1 ,i climb$1 ,i made fri5ds ) !    
boatm51 & got !m to take me out 9 _!    
fi%+-smacks2 b /ill1 ) return+ vigor1 ,i
 began to crave n a little = "s conv]se 

) m cong5ial spirits ?an ^! hone/ t>s & 
my loquaci\s l&lady4 ,i inscrib$ my "n  
on ! big bo>d at ! libr>y2 ,i did all t 
man c\ld d to make my exi/5ce kn[n1 b   
ne>ly a week pass$ away1 & /ill my      
fell[-creatures held alo(4 ,i _h be5 out
 = ! :ole ( "o w9dy aft]noon toss+ on ! 
waves1 wat*+ ! lob/]-fi%+1 & came 9 at  
sunset tol]ably dr5*$ ) spray1 & ) a    
t]rific appetite4 ,z ,i op5$ ! door ( my
 little sitt+-room1 ,i beheld--mo/      
welcome sight--! :ite d9n]-clo?1 & ly+  
^u x a c>d--a l>ge1 highly-glaz$1 mo/   
unmi/akable visit+-c>d4 ,) eag]         
curiosity1 ,i snat*$ x up1 b curiosity  
*ang$ to amazem5t :5 ,i read ! "n1 ,sir 
,philip ,he!rton1 ,gran?am ,p>k4 ,sir   
,philip ,he!rton6 ,:y1 9 ! "n ( all t's 
incompreh5sible1 %\ld he call on me8 ,i 
_h nev] ev5 he>d 8 "n2 ,i knew no m (   
him ?an ( ! man 9 ! moon4 ,c\ld he be "s
 c\ntry magnate :o made x a duty to     
cultivate ! acqua9tance ( e visitor to  
,l9bea*8 ,if s1 he mu/ h a h>d "t ( x1  
ev5 9 ?is little unfrequ5t$ region4 ,my 

impati5ce c\ld n be re/ra9$ till ,mrs4  
,plumb's natural arrival ) ! *ops2 & an 
en]getic pull at ! bell br\ght h] at    
once c\rtesy+ & smil+4  ,i suppose1     
began ,i1 hold+ ! c>d ) assum$          
c>elessness betwe5 my f+] & ?umb--,i    
suppose ?is g5tleman1 ,sir ,philip      
,he!rton1 call$ "h to-day8  ,oh yes1    
sir1 ?is aft]noon2 n an h\r ago4  ,he   
inquir$ = me8  ,yes1 sir2 he ask$       
p>ticul>ly = "y ,mr4 ,olifant1 & said he
 0 v sorry to miss y4 ,he's a v         
pleasant-spok5 g5tleman1 is ,sir        
,philip4  ,ah1 ,i see4 ,is he (t5 9     
,l9bea*8 ,does he "k _m p liv+ 9 !      
place8  ,well1 ,i don't ?9k he has _m   
fri5ds "h1 sir2 at lea/1 ,i nev]        
und]/ood s2 b he owns "s ( ! #ecg h\ses 
9 ! t[n1 & he is v k9d to ! poor4 ,no "o
 is ev] turn$ away empty-h&$ f 8 door1 &
 ,i've a "r to say s1 sir1 = my bro!r's 
wid[ lives 9 "o ( ! lodges at ,gran?am4 
,he put h] into x :5 h] husb& 0 dr[n$ at
 sea1 & he's be5 a good fri5d to h] ev] 
s9ce4  ,all ?is 0 n :at ,i want$ to f9d 

out1 b ,i _h le>n$ by exp]i5ce t ,mrs4  
,plumb's tongue mu/ h its sw+4 ,i n[    
mildly br\ght h] back to ! po9t3 ,does  
he see any?+ ( ! visitors8  ,n to my k1 
sir4 ,he sometimes rides 9 ( an         
aft]noon1 = ,gran?am is only f\r miles f
 ,l9bea*2 b ,i don't ?9k he ev] /ays    
long4  ,s x 0 n app>5tly an ecc5tric    
in/ance ( univ]sal fri5dl9ess1 b a      
special m>k ( honor paid to me4 ,x grew 
m & m my/]i\s4 ,h[ev]1 !re 0 no?+ to be 
ga9$ by pump+ ,mrs4 ,plumb fur!r2 & z ,i
 0 discreetly m9d$ to keep my own       
c\nsel1 ,i dismiss$ h]4 ,b m$itat+ long 
& deeply ov] my solit>y d9n]1 ,i came at
 l5g? to ! unwelcome conclusion1 t ,sir 
,philip ,he!rton mu/ h be5 labor+ "u "s 
/range delusion1 & t ,i %\ld see & he>  
no m ( him4 ,i 0 r 9 ! habit ( prid+    
myself on my judgm5t & discrim9ation2 b 
9 ?is in/ance !y 7 c]ta9ly at fault1 =  
)9 ?ree days1 ,i met him face to face4  
,i 0 /roll+ sl[ly along "o ( ! %ady     
c\ntry lanes :i* l$ inl& betwe5         
cornfields & h$ge-r[s1 :5 ,i enc\nt]$ a 

portly1 gray-hair$ g5tleman1 m\nt$ on an
 iron-gray cob1 & trott+ sob]ly t[>d    
,l9bea*4 ,he survey$ me s inquisitively 
out ( 8 m]ry blue eyes1 t ! ?\ght cross$
 me1 c\ld ?is be ! v]itable ,sir        
,philip8 ,i smil$ at my own vivid       
imag9ation2 b ,i mu/ confess t be=e ,i  
_h proce$$ ano!r half mile1 ,i fac$     
r\nd1 & return$ to ,l9bea* = m briskly  
?an ,i _h left x4 ,i _h sc>cely /epp$   
into ,mrs4 ,plumb's passage1 :5 t       
p]sonage h]self met me op5-m\!d1 ) a    
p5cil-note 9 h] h&4 ,oh1 ,mr4 ,olifant1 
,i wi% y _h come 9 r soon]4 ,sir ,philip
 has be5 "h aga91 & z he c\ld n see y1  
he wrote ?is note1 = he _h n "t to wait4
 ,i 0 q vex$ t x %\ld happ5 s4          
,evid5tly ! good woman 0 fully impress$ 
) ! dignity ( ! ev5t1 & n a little      
flatt]$ at ! honor paid to h] lodg]4 ,i 
op5$ ! note1 & x conta9$--oh m>vel (    
m>vels6--an invitation to d9n] = !      
foll[+ day1 c\pl$ ) _m w>m expressions (
 reg>d = my family1 & regrets at hav+   
be5 hi!rto unable to see me4  ,i told   

,sir ,philip t ,i ?\ght y _h only gone  
d[n to ! bea*1 sir2 b he laugh$1 & said 
he %\ld n "k y if he met y4 ,i suppose y
 don't "k him1 d y1 sir8 ,mrs4 ,plumb   
add$ ins9uat+ly4  ,no4 said ,i2 ?9k+ )9 
myself t ! b>onet ne$ n h be5 q s       
communicative4 ,h[ev]1 ?is confession ( 
81 at any rate1 ?rew same light ^u !    
subject1 & sugge/$ a solution4 ,he might
 h kn[n my fa!r or "m4 ,( c\rse1 inde$1 
he mu/ h kn[n !m1 or somebody belong+ to
 me4 ,8 own app>5t confid5ce began to   
infect me1 & ,i wrote (f an elaborate & 
gracefully-word$ acceptance2 & !n sat   
d[n to my pipe1 & a complac5t           
contemplation ( all ! b5efits t might   
accrue to me ?r\gh 8 mo/ praisewor?y    
cordiality4 ,aft] all1 ,i reflect$1 'tis
 no matt] :]e "o goes2 fri5ds are sure  
to turn up ev]y:]e2 & !reon arose       
visions ( p>tridge-%oot+ 9 ! dewy       
morn+s1 to be foll[$ by pleasant little 
d9n]s ) my ho/ & a bevy ( lovely        
daught]s4 ,b on ! morr[ c]ta9 misgiv+s  
revisit$ me1 & ,i came to ! conclusion t

 x w\ld only be ! civil ?+ to ride ov]  
to ,gran?am 9 ! aft]noon1 & get ?r\gh   
#ech ! fir/ introductions & explanations
 be=e appe>+ !re z a gue/4 ,accord+ly1  
,i hir$ a long-legg$1 brok5-w9d$ hack1 !
 only "o to be got = love or money1 &   
set =? ^u my way4 ,x 0 a fruitless      
j\rney2 ! fatal n at home greet$ my e>s1
 & ,i c\ld only drop a c>d1 turn !      
,roman nose ( my gallant /e$ t[>d home1 
& resign myself to my fate4  ,sev5      
o'clock 0 ! h\r nam$ = d9n]1 & ,i _h    
int5d$ to be p>ticul>ly punctual1 b     
mis=tunes cr[d$ ?ick ^u me4 ,! fir/ :ite
 tie t came to h& 0 a mis]able failure4 
,my favorite curl w\ld n be adju/$      
becom+ly ^u my br[2 & ! wret*$          
donkey-boy :o _h solemnly promis$ to br+
 ! basket-c>riage punctually to ! door1 
did n appe> till t5 m9utes aft] ! "t4   
,la/ ( all1 :5 ,i _h desc5d$ got up to  
p]fection1 & 0 on ! po9t ( />t+1 ,i     
discov]$ t ,i 0 m9us gloves1 & ! little 
maid-(-all-"w _h to be s5t flee+ (f to !
 corn] %op1 :]e hab]da%]y & groc]y 7    

picturesquely comb9$4 ,s x fell out t1  
despite h>d driv+1 x 0 sev]al m9utes pa/
 ! h\r :5 we drew up "u ! portico at    
,gran?am4 ,i _h no "t to compose my     
n]ves or prep>e my op5+ address4 ,a     
gorge\sly-array$ flunkie appe>$ at !    
hall-door2 a solemn butl]1 beh9d1 wav$  
me on to ! guidance ( ano!r beplu%$ &   
bep[d]$ individual2 & be=e ,i fully     
realiz$ my position1 ,i /ood 9 a        
brilliantly-light$ draw+-room1 full ( p1
 & he>d my "n proclaim$ 9 /5torian      
tones4 ,! next mom5t1 ! florid g5tleman 
:om ,i _h enc\nt]$ on ! previ\s day came
 =w>d ) out/ret*$ h&s & a beam+ face1 & 
a p]fect torr5t ( welcomes bur/ ^u me4  
,glad to see y at la/1 ,mr4 ,olifant1 v 
glad to see y2 ,i began to ?9k !re 0 a  
fate aga9/ our meet+4 ,let me introduce 
y4 ,lady ,he!rton--my daught]--my son   
,fr$4 ,come ?is way1 ?is way4  ,& ,i 0  
hurri$ along helpless z an infant 9 !   
jovial b>onet's h&s4 ,h[ c\ld ,i--,i    
appeal to any reasonable be+--h[ c\ld ,i
 /& /ock-/ill1 &1 "u ! eyes ( all t     

company1 cross-exam9e my ho/ z to ! :y &
 :]e=e ( 8 hospitality8 ,x w be own$1 ,i
 ?9k1 t 9 :at aft]w>d occurr$ ,i 0 n    
:olly to blame4 ,lady ,he!rton 0 a quiet
 well-br$ woman1 ) a mild face & s(t    
voice2 %e greet$ me ) a c]ta9 sleepy    
w>m?1 & aft] a few placid commonplaces1 
resum$ h] conv]sation ) ! eld]ly lady by
 h] side1 & left me to ! c>e ( h] son1 a
 bright1 frank "y ,h>rovian1 ) :om ,i   
spe$ily made fri5ds4 ,really x 0 v      
pleasant to drop 9 ?is way into ! c5tre 
( a g5ial circle1 & ,i f\nd my spirits  
ris+ fa/ z we talk$ toge!r1 con amore1 (
 cricket1 boat+1 hunt+4 ,a fre% arrival1
 h[ev]1 soon di/urb$ ! p>ty1 &1 directly
 aft]w>d1 d9n] 0 ann\nc$4 ,sir ,philip1 
:o _h be5 busily engag$ 9 welcom+ ! la/ 
com]s1 l$ (f a /ately dame ^u 8 arm1 &  
we foll[$ 9 procession1 a demure "y     
daught] ( ! h\se be+ assign$ to me4 ,we 
7 sl[ly mak+ our way r\nd ! d9+-room1   
:51 j z we pass$ ! end ( ! table1 ,sir  
,philip turn$ & laid 8 h& ^u my %\ld]4  
,i h sc>cely _h "t = a ^w yet1 he said2 

b h[ are !y all 9 ,york%ire8  ,i don't  
"k :at answ] ,i gave2 "s "o f beh9d     
begg$ leave to pass1 & ,i 0 borne on    
utt]ly bewild]$4 ,york%ire6 :at _h ,i to
 d ) ,york%ire8 ,& !n1 all at once1 !   
appall+ tru? bur/ on me l a             
?und]-clap--,i 0 ! wrong man6 ,yes2 n[  
,i recall$ a c]ta9 ,capta9 ,olifant1 :om
 ,i _h once met at a mess-d9n]1 & :o1 z 
,i _h !n he>d1 belong$ to an old        
,york%ire family4 ,we c\ld c\nt no sort 
( k9%ip ) !m #eci b "h ,i 01 = "s       
inexplicable reason1 assum$ z "o ( !m1  
p]haps z ! elde/ son & heir ( _! broad  
acres1 & regal$ accord+ly4 ,my situation
 0 suffici5tly unpleasant1 & 9 ! fir/   
impulse ( dismay1 ,i made a da% at a    
c5tral seat :]e ,i might be z f> z      
possible f bo? ho/ & ho/ess4 ,b my      
manoeuvre fail$4 ,lady ,he!rton's s(t   
tones 7 all too audible z %e said3 ,mr4 
,olifant1 p]haps y w come up "h2 ! po/ (
 honor2 & ( dang] too1 9 my case2 b !re 
0 no help = x1 & ,i w5t4 ,z ,i unfold$  
my napk91 /riv+ h>d = a cool & easy     

demeanor1 ,i m5tally survey$ my         
position1 & decid$ on my tactics4 ,i    
c\ld n & w\ld n !re & !n decl>e myself  
an embodi$ mi/ake2 ,i mu/ tru/ to *ance 
& my own wits to c>ry me ?r\gh ! ev5+1 &
 leave my explanations = ano!r season4  
,alas6 my trials full soon began4 ,we _h
 h>dly be5 seat$ ?ree m9utes1 :5 ,lady  
,he!rton turn$ to me4  ,we 7 s v glad y 
7 able to come to-night1 ,mr4 ,olifant2 
,sir ,philip _h q set 8 he>t ^u see+ y  
"h4 ,x is su* a great pleasure to him to
 revive an old fri5d%ip2 & he 0 say+ t  
he _h almo/ lo/ sight ( y\r family4  ,i 
murmur$ some?+ n v coh]5t ab\t di/ance &
 active life4  ,ah1 yes1 c\ntry g5tlem5 
h s mu* to d t !y really are greatly ti$
 at home4 ,i ?9k1 ?\gh1 t ,i once _h !  
pleasure ( meet+ a si/] ( y\rs 9        
t[n--,m>g>et h] "n 01 & %e 0 suff]+ f "s
 affection ( ! sp9e4 ,i hope %e is bett]
 n[8  ,mu* bett]1 ?ank y4 ,& !n1 9 !    
fa9t hope ( turn+ ! conv]sation1 ,i ask$
 if !y 7 (t5 9 t[n4  ,n s (t5 z ,i %\ld 
wi%4 ,sir ,philip has a great dislike to

 ,london2 b ,i always enjoy x1 = "o     
meets ev]ybody !re4 ,by-!-by1 ,olifant1 
! ,=des mu/ be ne> neighbors ( y\rs4 ,i 
am sure ,i h he>d !m speak ( ,calve/on4 
,i did n d>e to say !y 7 n1 le/         
inquiries %\ld foll[ :i* might betray my
 extreme ignorance ( ,york%ire geography
 9 g5]al1 & ! locality ( ,calve/on 9    
p>ticul>2 s ,i *ose ! less] p]il1 &     
answ]$ *e]fully2 ,oh yes1 q ne> )9 an   
easy walk ( u4  ,:at *>m+ p !y are6 said
 ,lady ,he!rton1 gr[+ almo/ en?usia/ic4 
,! two elde/ girls 7 /ay+ "h la/ spr+1 &
 we all lo/ our he>ts to !m1 !y 7 s     
bright & pleasant2 & ,katie1 too1 is    
gr[+ s v pretty4 ,%e isn't out yet1 is  
%e8  ,no2 ,i fancy %e is to be pres5t$  
next ye>1 ,i respond$1 reflect+ t :ile  
,i 0 ab\t x ,i might z well d x         
?or\ghly4 ,%e ought to make a s5sation4 
,ah1 !n1 said ,lady ,he!rton eag]ly1 y  
agree ) me ab\t h] beauty4  ,oh1        
entirely4 ,i expect %e w be q ! belle ( 
our c\ntry balls4 ,& !n1 9 ! same brea?1
 ,i turn$ to ! %y ,miss ,he!rton beside 

me1 & />tl$ h] by an abrupt inquiry :e!r
 %e lik$ balls4 ,%e mu/ h ?\ght1 at any 
rate1 t ,i lik$ talk+1 = h] timid1      
or?odox reply 0 sc>cely utt]$1 be=e ,i  
pli$ h] ) fre% que/ions1 & delug$ h] ) a
 flood ( v>i$ eloqu5ce4 ,races1 ar*]y1  
croquet1 ,switz]l&1 ,p>is1 ,g>ibaldi1 ! 
,am]ican w>1 ,muell]'s capture1 &       
,t5nyson's new poem1 all play$ _! "p 9  
turn4 ,= :y8 ,0 ,i n aw>e t ,lady       
,he!rton's conv]sation ) ! solemn old   
ar*deacon opposite flagg$ f "t to "t1 & 
t1 at e lull1 %e look$ t[>d me1 z ?\gh  
concoct+ fre% means ( torture4 ,b ,i    
ga9$ ! day2 & at l5g?1 ) secret         
exultation1 wat*$ ! ladies sl[ly defil+ 
f ! room4 ,poor innoc5t6 ,i little knew 
:at 0 imp5d+4 ,! la/ volum9\s skirt _h  
sc>cely disappe>$1 :5 ,sir ,philip left 
8 *air1 & advanc+ #edj up ! table1 glass
 9 h&1 seat$ himself 9 8 wife's place at
 my elb[4 ,i tri$ to believe t he might 
int5d to devote himself to ! ar*-deacon1
 b t good g5tleman 0 m ?an half incl9$  
to nod1 & my left-h& neighbor 0 deep 9 a

 geological discussion2 s ,i sat on1    
spell-b\nd1 l ! sp>r[ b5ea? ! awful %ad[
 ( ! hawk4 ,c]ta9ly1 !re 0 n mu* outw>d 
resemblance betwe5 t bird ( prey & ,sir 
,philip's comely1 smil+ visage1 z he    
lean$ =w>d1 & said *e]ily3 ,well1 n[1 ,i
 want to he> all ab\t !m4  ,x 0 n an    
enc\rag+ beg9n+ = me1 b ,i _h committ$  
myself ) ,lady ,he!rton too f> = a      
retreat4 ,l ,cortes1 ,i _h burn$ my     
%ips4 ,be=e ,i _h fram$ my answ]1 !     
b>onet proce$$3 ,i don't "k any ( y "y  
ones1 b y\r fa!r & ,i 7 fa/ fri5ds once 
^u a "t4 ,_m's ! l>k we've _h toge!r at 
,h>r[1 ay1 & at ,ox=d too2 = he 0 a     
wild-spirit$ fell[ !n1 0 ,h>ry ,olifant1
 ?\gh1 ,i d>esay1 he has settl$ d[n into
 a sob] c\ntry squire long ago4  ,x 0   
pla9 t ,sir ,philip lik$ to he> himself 
talk1 & my c\rage reviv$4  ,:y1 yes1 ,i 
said2 ye>s & c>es d "w great *anges 9   
mo/ m52 ,i d>esay y w\ld h>dly "k him   
n[4  ,i d>esay n4 ,b he is well1 & z    
good a %ot z 9 ! old ,ox=d days8  ,j z  
good4 ,he is nev] happi] ?an among 8    

turnips4 ,& !n ,i %udd]$ at my own      
audacity1 z ,i pictur$ my v]itable p>5t1
 a h>d-work$ b>ri/]1 long s9ce dead1 & )
 ab\t z mu* notion ( fir+ a gun z "o ( 8
 own briefs4  ,q "r1 q "r1 exclaim$ ,sir
 ,philip en]getically1  & we c f9d y "s 
fair sport "h1 my boy1 ?\gh ! birds are 
wild ?is ye>4 ,come ov] z (t5 z y l :ile
 y are at ,l9bea*2 or1 bett] /ill1 come 
& slay "h4  ,i ?ank$ him1 & expla9$ t ,i
 0 /ay+ at ,l9bea* = ! sea-air1 & t ,i  
mu/ be 9 t[n 9 a few days4  ,i'm sorry =
 t4 ,we ought to h f\nd y out soon]2 b  
,i only *anc$ to see y\r "n at ! libr>y 
la/ ,friday4 ,& s y are at ,m]ton8      
,yes1 ,i'm at ,m]ton1 said ,i1 feel+ x q
 refre%+ to speak ! tru?4  ,ah1 ,i'm    
glad y\r fa!r's /uck to ! old college2 y
 c\ld n be at a bett] "o4 ,t boy ( m9e  
is wild = soldi]+1 or ,i %\ld h s5t him 
!re4  ,! my/]y /ood reveal$4 ,i _h      
record$ my "n on ! visitors' bo>d z ,h4 
,olifant1 ,m]ton ,college1 ,ox=d2 & by a
 /range co9cid5ce1 ,sir ,philip's =m]   
fri5d _h belong$ to ! same college1 &   

own$ ! same initial4 ,! co9cid5ce 0     
inde$ s complete1 t x _h evid5tly nev]  
dawn$ ^u ! b>onet t ,i c\ld be o!r ?an !
 son ( 8 old *um4 ,he sat n[ sipp+ 8    
w9e1 ) almo/ a sad expression on 8 hone/
 face4  ,ah1 my lad1 he said pres5tly1  
:5 y come to my age1 y'll look back to  
y\r old college & y\r old fri5ds z ,i d 
n[4 ,b :at 0 ,i go+ to ask y8 ,oh1 ,i   
rememb]4 ,h y se5 any ( ! ,=des lately8 
,i glanc$ r\nd despair+ly at !          
geologi/s1 b !y 7 lo/ to ev]y?+ except  
blue lias & old r$ s&/one1 & !re 0 no   
hope ( effect+ a div]sion 9 t qu>t]4    
,well1 no--n v lately1 ,i respond$      
sl[ly1 z ?\gh try+ to recall ! exact    
date :5 ,i la/ _h t felicity4 ,to tell !
 tru?1 ,i don't g d[n into ^? p>ts s (t5
 z ,i ought to d4  ,!re's a family = y6 
,sir ,philip w5t on triumphantly2 h[    
well !y are do+4 ,t "y ,george ,=de w   
di/+ui% himself "o ( ^! days1 or ,i'm   
mu* mi/ak52 & ,willie1 too--d y "k #eda 
:e!r he has pass$ = ,woolwi* yet8  ,i   
c\ld n say t ,i did1 b ! good b>onet's  

confid5ce 9 ,=de g5ius 0 z satisfactory 
z c]ta9ty4  ,he's sure to pass1 q sure2 
nev] knew su* clev] lads2 & z =         
beauty--t little ,katie--,b "h ! slumb]+
 ar*deacon came to my aid by wak+ up ) a
 t]rific />t & a l\d ,eh6-- :at6 "t to  
jo9 ! ladies4  ,!re 0 a g5]al /ir1 & ,i 
contriv$ to make my escape to !         
draw+-room4 ,if ,i c\ld only h escap$   
altoge!r2 b x 0 n yet half-pa/ n9e4 ,!  
tall footm5 & sev]e butl] 7 l\ng+ 9 !   
hall1 & ,i felt conv9c$ t if ,i plead$  
illness1 ,sir ,philip w\ld lay viol5t   
h&s on me1 & insi/ on my sp5d+ ! night  
!re4 ,aft] all1 ! wor/ 0 ov]1 & 9 !     
cr[d$ draw+-room1 ,i might ) slight     
dext]ity avoid all %oals & quicks&s4 ,s 
,i ensconc$ myself 9 a l[ *air1 gu>d$ by
 a big table on "o side1 & on ! o!r by a
 com=table mo!rly-look+ woman 9 crimson 
sat91 to :om ,i made myself agreeable4  
,we got on v well toge!r1 & ,i brea!d & 
*att$ freely 9 ! delightful p]suasion t 
%e at lea/ knew no m ( ! ,=des ?an ,i   
did4 ,b my malignant /> 0 9 ! asc5dant4 

,i 0 9 ! mid/ ( a gl[+ description ( !  
*>ms ( a read+-p>ty at ! lakes1 :5 ,sir 
,philip aga9 assail$ me3 ,well1 ,mrs4   
,sullivan1 he said1 address+ my         
companion1 h y be5 ask+ aft] y\r little 
favorite8  ,my little favorite8 repeat$ 
,mrs4 ,sullivan inquir+ly4  ,%e did n "k
 :om he meant1 b ,i did2 ,i knew q well4
  ,katie ,=de1 ,i mean2 ! little        
black-ey$ girl :o us$ to g into su*     
ec/asies ov] y\r roses & f]ns--y h n    
=gott5 h] yet1 h y8  ,no1 unluckily =   
me1 ,mrs4 ,sullivan _h n =gott5 h]4 ,i 0
 *>g$ ) a /r+ ( ! fond1 unmean+ messages
 :i* ladies love to ex*ange2 & x 0 only 
by emphatically decl>+ t ,i %\ld n be 9 
,york%ire = _m mon?s1 t ,i escap$ be+   
made ! be>] ( sundry curi\s roots &     
bulbs to ! fair ,ka?>9e4  ,b ,sir       
,philip soon int]rupt$ u3 ,!re's a c\s9 
( y\rs 9 ! next room1 ,mr4 ,olifant1 he 
said1 evid5tly ?9k+ t he 0 mak+ a mo/   
agreeable ann\ncem5t3 %e w\ld l to see  
y1 if y w let me take y to h]4  ,i he>d 
& trembl$4 ,a c\s94 ,oh1 ! ,=des 7 no?+ 

to ?is6 ,:y did p h c\s9s2 & :y1 oh :y1 
%\ld e imag9able evil befal me on ?is   
disa/r\s ev5+6 ,su* 7 my agoniz$        
reflections :ile ) unwill+ /eps ,i      
foll[$ my ho/ to execution4 ,he l$ me to
 a "y lady :o 0 s]5ely exam9+ "s pr9ts4 
,i h br\ght him to y1 ,miss ,hunt]2 "h's
 y\r c\s91 ,mr4 ,olifant4  ,%e look$ at 
me1 b !re 0 no recognition 9 h] eyes4   
,h[ c\ld !re be1 inde$1 :5 we _h nev]   
met be=e6 ,:at w\ld %e d next8 ,:at %e  
did d 0 to hold out h] h& ) a           
good-humor$ smile1 & at ! same "t ,sir  
,philip obs]v$ complac5tly3 ,y don't "k 
"o ano!r1 y "k4 ,n "k "o ano!r2 ( c\rse 
we didn't2 b ,i c\ld h hugg$ him = tell+
 me s2 & 9 ! joy ( my reprieve1 ,i      
devot$ myself readily to my suppos$     
c\s91 a bright1 pleasant girl1 happily z
 b5ight$ reg>d+ h] real relatives z ,i 0
 ab\t my imag9>y ones4 ,! m9utes slipp$ 
fa/ away1 ! h&s ( ! clock po9t$ at t51 !
 gue/s 7 beg9n+ to dep>t1 & ,i 0        
congratulat+ myself t ! ordeal 0 safely 
pass$1 :51 happ5+ to turn my head1 ,i   

saw ,sir ,philip once m advanc+ ^u me1  
hold+ 9 8 h& a photograph book4 ,my doom
 0 seal$6 ,my rel5tless p]secutor 0     
resolv$ to expose me1 & ) diabolical    
craft _h plann$ ! c]ta9 #edb means4     
,horrible visions ( public disgrace1    
=cible ejection1 nay1 ev5 ( ! pump      
itself1 float$ be=e my dizzy bra91 :ile 
on he came ne>] & ev] ne>]4 ,!re6 he    
exclaim$1 /opp+ j 9 front ( me1 & hold+ 
out ! ill-om5$ book--,!re6 y c tell me  
:o t is1 c't y8  ,x 0 a baby--a baby ( a
 ye> old1 sitt+ on a cu%ion1 ) a rattle 
9 its h&1 & x 0 ( c\rse unlike any      
creature ,i _h ev] beheld4 ,hm1 haw1    
murmur$ ,i1 contemplat+ x 9 utt]        
desp]ation2 *ildr5 are s mu* alike t    
really--b--z a brilliant idea sudd5ly   
fla%$ on me3 surely x mu/ be a ,=de6  ,(
 c\rse x is1 & ,sir ,philip clapp$ me on
 ! back 9 a transport ( delight4 ,i     
?\ght y w\ld recognize x4 ,capital6     
isn't x8 ,! little ?+ mu/ be exactly l  
its "m2 & ,i fancy ,i see a look (      
,willie 9 x too4  ,i c\ld endure no m4  

,ano!r su* victory w\ld be almo/ worse  
?an a defeat2 & :ile my c\s9 0          
rhapsodiz+ ov] ! infant9e *>ms s t\*+ly 
portray$1 ,i />t$ up1 took an abrupt    
f>ewell ( my ho/1 & despite 8 vehem5t   
remon/rances1 w5t (f 9 se>* ( ,lady     
,he!rton1 & beat a successful retreat4  
,z ,i /epp$ out into ! portico1 !       
pony-trap :i* ,i _h ord]$ drove up to ! 
door1 & jump+ 91 ,i rattl$ away t[>d    
,l9bea*1 exhau/$ 9 body & m9d1 yet      
reliev$ to feel t ea* succe$+ mom5t f\nd
 me fur!r & fur!r f ! prec9cts (        
,gran?am4 ,n till ,i 0 snugly seat$ 9 ! 
arm-*air 9 ,mrs4 ,plumb's p>lor1 wat*+ !
 blue smoke-wrea?s waft$ up f my be/    
belov$ pipe --n till !n c\ld ,i believe 
t ,i 0 ?or\ghly safe1 & beg9 to review  
calmly ! ev5ts ( ! ev5+4 ,& n[ arose ! v
 emb>rass+ inquiry3 ,:at 0 next to be   
done8 ,sir ,philip's p>t+ words _h be5  
an en]getic exhortation to come ov] &   
%oot1 ! next day1 or1 9 fact1 :5ev] ,i  
pleas$4 ,we c't give y ! gr\se ( y\r    
native moors1 he said z a f9al ?ru/1 b  

we c f9d y "s p>tridges1 ,i hope2 & ,i  
_h agre$ ) a hypocritical smile1 :ile   
int]nally resolv+ t no mortal p[] %\ld  
take me to ,gran?am aga94 ,( "o ?+ !re  
c\ld be no d\bt--an explanation 0 due to
 ! k9d-he>t$ b>onet1 & x mu/ be giv54 ,(
 c\rse ,i might h /ol5 (f f ,l9bea* /ill
 undiscov]$1 b ,i dismiss$ ! notion     
in/antly4 ,i _h gone f> en\gh           
already--too f>1 ,sir ,philip might n   
unnaturally ?9k4 ,no2 ,i mu/ write to   
him1 & x _h be/ be done at once4        
,heigh-ho1 ,i sigh$1 z ,i rummag$ out   
ink & pap]1 & sat d[n to ! great "w2 s  
ends my solit>y fri5d%ip at ,l9bea*4 ,x 
took me a long "t to concoct ! epi/le1 b
 x 0 accompli%$ at la/4 ,9 t]ms :i* ,i  
w\ld fa9 hope 7 melt+ & p]suasive1 ,i   
describ$ my bir? & p>5tage1 relat$ h[ ,i
 _h only discov]$ my mi/ak5 id5tity aft]
 my arrival at ,gran?am1 & made a full  
apology = hav+ !n1 9 my emb>rassm5t1    
p]petuat$ ! delusion4 ,i w\nd up by !   
foll[+ eloqu5t & dignifi$ words3 ,(     
c\rse1 ,i c h no claim :atev] to cont9ue

 an acqua9tance s =m$1 & ,i c only t5d] 
my grateful ?anks = ! w>m hospitality ( 
:i* ,i h accid5tally be5 ! recipi5t4 ,! 
lett] 0 seal$ & s5t1 & ,i 0 left to     
speculate h[ x might be receiv$4 ,w\ld  
,sir ,philip v\*safe a reply1 or w\ld he
 treat me ) sil5t contempt8 ,i c\ld     
fancy him capable ( a v tol]able degree 
( ang]1 9 spite ( 8 bonhomie1 & ,i blu%$
 up to my br[s :5 ,i pictur$ quiet ,lady
 ,he!rton recall+ my rem>ks ab\t ,miss  
,katie ,=de4 ,! second day's po/ came 9 
& br\ght me no?+2 & n[ ,i began to be   
seiz$ ) a n]v\s dread ( enc\nt]+ any ( !
 ,gran?am ,p>k p>ty by *ance1 & ?is     
dread grew s #edc unpleasant t ,i       
det]m9$ to cut %ort my visit1 & return  
to t[n at once4 ,my resolution 0 no     
soon] made ?an act$ on4 ,i pack$ my     
portmanteau1 settl$ acc\nts ) ,mrs4     
,plumb1 & w5t (f to take my place by !  
next morn+'s coa*4 ,com+ ha/ily out ( ! 
book+-(fice 9 ! dusk1 ,i almo/ ran aga9/
 somebody /&+ by ! door4 ,x 0 ,sir      
,philip1 & ,i /epp$ ha/ily back2 b he   

recogniz$ me at once1 & held out 8 h& ) 
a he>ty laugh4 ,ah1 ,mr4 ,olifant1 is x 
y8 ,i 0 on my way to y\r lodg+s1 s we'll
 walk toge!r2 & n notic+ my confusion1  
he l9k$ 8 arm 9 m9e1 & cont9u$3 ,i got  
y\r lett] la/ ev5+1 :5 ,i came 9 f a    
long day's %oot+1 & v mu* amaz$ ,i 01 t 
,i mu/ own4 ,i did n answ] x at once1 = 
,i 0 half-dead ) walk+1 &1 beside1 ,i   
always l talk+ bett] ?an writ+1 ,s n[ ,i
 h come to tell y t ,i ?9k y've behav$ l
 an hone/ man & a g5tleman 9 writ+ t    
lett]2 & ,i'm v glad to h made y\r      
acqua9tance1 ?\gh y are n ,h>ry         
,olifant's son4 ,z = ! mi/ake1 :y1 'twas
 my own fault = tak+ x = grant$ y mu/ be
 ! man ,i fanci$ y4 ,my lady is j ! lea/
 bit vex$ t we %\ld h made su* geese (  
ourselves2 b come ov] & %oot to-morr[1 &
 we'll give y a quiet d9n] & a b$ 9 y\r 
own prop] p]son2 & %e w be v glad to see
 y4 ,m9d ,i expect y4  ,aft] all my     
resolutions1 ,i did g to ,gran?am on !  
foll[+ day2 & my d9n] by mi/ake 0 !     
precursor ( a mo/ pleasant acqua9tance1 

:i* became 9 "t a w>m & la/+ fri5d%ip4  
------  ,f ,all ! ,ye> ,r\nd4  ,,noah',s
 ,,arks4   ,9 ,kew ,g>d5s is a          
seldom-visit$ collection ( all ! k9ds ( 
wood :i* we h ev] he>d (1 accompani$ by 
specim5s ( v>i\s articles cu/om>ily made
 ( ^? woods 9 ! c\ntries ( _! gr[?4     
,tools1 implem5ts1 small articles (     
furniture1 musical in/rum5ts1 sabots &  
wood5-%oes1 boot-trees & %oe-la/s1 b[s &
 arr[s1 planes1 saw-h&les--all are "h1 &
 ?\s&s ( o!r ?+s :i* x w\ld take a v    
long summ] day inde$ ev5 to glance at4  
,! f9e display ( colonial woods1 :i* 7  
built up into fanciful trophies at !    
,int]national ,exhibition ( eighte5     
hundr$ & sixty-two1 has be5 transf]r$ to
 "o ( ^! museums2 & a noble collection x
 makes4  ,we "k comp>atively little 9   
,engl& ( ! m9or uses ( wood4 ,we use    
wood en\gh 9 build+ h\ses & railway     
/ructures2 our c>riage-build]s &        
:eelwrights cut up & fa%ion a great deal
 m2 & our cab9et-mak]s "k h[ to /ock our
 rooms ) furniture1 f ?ree-legg$ /ools  

up to co/ly cab9ets2 b implem5ts & m9or 
articles are less ext5sively made ( wood
 9 ,engl& ?an 9 =eign c\ntries--p>tly   
because our =e/s are becom+ ?9n$1 &     
p>tly because iron & iron-"w are s      
abundant & *eap4 ,9 ,am]ica1 matt]s are 
v diff]5t4 ,!re are ?\s&s ( squ>e miles 
( =e/ :i* belong to no "o 9 p>ticul>1 & 
! wood ( :i* may be claim$ by ^? :o are 
at ! tr\ble ( fell+ ! trees4 #edd ,nay1 
a backwoodsman w\ld be v glad to effect 
a cle>+ on su* t]ms z ^!1 see+ t ! trees
 encumb] ! gr\nd on :i* he wi%es to gr[ 
corn crops4  ,! wood1 :5 ! trees h be5  
fell$ & conv]t$ into bo>ds & planks1 is 
appli$ to almo/ c\ntless purposes ( use4
 ,( use1 we say2 = ! ,am]icans are too  
bu/l+ a p to devote mu* "t to !         
fabricat+ ( ornam5ts2 !y pref] to buy ^!
 ready made f ,briti%]s & o!r           
,europeans4 ,pails1 b[ls1 wa%+-ma*9es1  
wr++-ma*9es1 knife-clean+ bo>ds1 neat   
light vehicles1 neat light furniture1   
dairy vessels1 kit*5 ut5sils1 all are   
made by ! ,am]icans ( clean1 tidy-look+ 

wood1 & are sold at v l[ prices4 ,ma*9]y
 is us$ to a l>ge ext5t 9 ?is turn]y &  
wood-w>e3 ! manufactur]s n hav+ ! fe> ( 
/rikes be=e _! eyes1 use ma*9es j :]e !y
 ?9k ?is k9d ( aid is likely to be mo/  
s]viceable4 ,! way 9 :i* !y get a little
 b[l out ( a big b[l1 & ?is out ( a     
bigg]1 & ?is out ( a bigg] /ill1 is a   
notable example ( economy 9 workman%ip4 
,on ! cont95t ( ,europe ! wood-work]s   
are mo/ly h&icraftsm51 :o niggle away at
 _! little bits ( wood )\t mu* aid f    
ma*9]y4 ,witness ! bri>-root pipes ( ,/4
 ,claude4 ,sm>t "y fell[s :o sport ?is  
k9d ( smok+-b[l 9 ,engl&1 nei!r "k nor  
c>e = ! fact t x comes f a seclud$ spot 
9 ! ,jura m\nta9s4 ,m5 & wom51 boys &   
girls1 e>n f ?reep5ce to f\r %ill+s a   
day 9 v>i\s little bits ( c>v$ & turn$  
"w2 b ! crack wages are paid to !       
bri>-root pipe-mak]s4 ,engl& imports _m 
m ?an %e smokes1 & s5ds (f ! re/ to     
,am]ica4 ,m4 ,audiganne says t 9 ^?     
mon/] armies :i* h sprung up s sudd5ly  
on ! soil ( ! great republic1 !re is    

sc>cely a soldi] b has 8 ,/4 ,claude    
bri>-root pipe 9 8 pocket4 ,! tru? is1  
t1 unlike cutties & me]s*aums1 & o!r    
clay & e>!n pipes1 ^! bri>-root         
productions are v /rong1 & w be> a great
 deal ( knock+ ab\t4 ,! same ,fr5* writ]
 says t :5 8 c\ntrym5 came "h to see our
 ,int]national ,exhibition1 "s ( !m     
b\ght & c>ri$ home specim5s ( ^! pipes z
 ,engli% curiosities3 n aw>e t ! little 
,fr5* t[n ( ,/4 ,claude 0 ! place ( _!  
production4  ,9 ,g]many ! wood-"w1 s f> 
z ,engli% import]s "k any?+ ( x1 is     
mo/ly 9 ! =m ( small tr9kets & toys =   
*ildr54 ,! production ( ^! is imm5se4 ,9
 ! ,tyrol1 & ne> ! ,?ur+ian ,=e/1 9 !   
middle /ates ( ! ill-organiz$ conf$]acy1
 & :]ev] =e/s ab\nd1 !re ! peasants sp5d
 mu* ( _! "t 9 mak+ toys4 ,9 ! ,tyrol1 =
 example1 !re is a valley call$ !       
,gro$n]?al1 ab\t tw5ty miles long1 9 :i*
 ! r\gh climate & b>r5 soil w n suffice 
to gr[ corn = ! inhabitants1 :o are r   
num]\s4 ,%ut out f ! agricultural labor 
cu/om>y 9 o!r di/ricts1 ! p e>n _! bread

 *iefly by wood c>v+4 ,!y make toys (   
numb]less k9ds 79 :i* ,noah's ,ark      
animals are v pr$om9ant7 ( ! s(t wood ( 
! ,sib]ian p9e--kn[n to ! ,g]mans z     
ziebelnusskief]4 ,! tree is ( sl[ gr[?1 
f\nd on ! high] slopes ( ! valley1 b n[ 
becom+ sc>ce1 ow+ to ! improvid5ce ( !  
peasants 9 cutt+ d[n ! =e/s )\t sav+ or 
plant+ o!rs to succe$ !m4 ,= a hundr$   
ye>s & m ! peasants h be5 c>v]s4 ,ne>ly 
e cottage is a work%op4 ,all !          
occupants1 male & female1 d[n to v "y   
*ildr51 seat !mselves r\nd a table1 &   
fa%ion _! little bits ( wood4 ,!y use   
tw5ty or ?irty diff]5t k9ds ( tools1 "u 
! magic ( :i* ! wood is trans=m$ into a 
dog1 a lion1 a man1 or :at n4 ,ag5ts    
repres5t ^! c>v]s 9 v>i\s cities (      
,europe1 to dispose ( ! w>es2 b !y ne>ly
 all f9d _! way back aga9 #ede to _!    
native valleys1 to sp5d _! e>n+s 9      
peace4  ,_m ( ! specim5s %[n at ! ,kew  
museums are m elaborate ?an ^? :i* c\ld 
be produc$ :olly by h&4 ,a turn+-la! (  
"s p[] mu/ h be5 ne$$4 ,inde$1 ! mann] 9

 :i* ^! zoological productions are      
fabricat$ is exce$+ly curi\s1 & is      
little likely to be anticipat$ by ord9>y
 obs]v]s4 ,:o1 = in/ance1 w\ld imag9e = 
a mom5t t a wood5 horse1 elephant1 or   
tig]1 or any o!r memb] ( ! ,noah's ,ark 
family1 c\ld be turn$ 9 a la!1 l a ball1
 b[l1 or b$po/8 ,h[ c\ld ! turn]'s cutt+
 tool1 :ile ! piece ( wood is rotat+ 9 !
 la!1 make ! head /ick out 9 ! front1 & 
! e>s at ! top1 & ! tail 9 ! re>1 & !   
legs und]nea?8 ,& h[ c\ld ! animal be   
made long] ?an he is high1 & high] ?an  
he is broad8 ,& h[ c\ld all ! ins &     
outs1 ! ups & d[ns1 ! swell+s & s9k+s1  
be produc$ by a manipulation :i* only   
seems99 suitable = circul> objects8 ,^! 
que/ions are all fair ones1 & des]ve a  
fair answ]4 ,! articles1 !n1 are n fully
 made 9 ! la!2 !y are br\ght to ! /ate (
 flat pieces1 ! outl9e or cont\r ( :i*  
be>s an approximate resemblance to !    
pr(ile ( an animal4 ,^! flat pieces are 
9 !mselves a puzzle2 = x is difficult to
 see h[ ! la! c h _h any?+ to d ) _!    

production4 ,! tru? is1 ! wood is fir/  
turn$ into r+s4 ,say t a horse ?ree     
in*es long is to be fabricat$4 ,a block 
( s(t p9e wood is prep>$1 & cut into a  
slab ?ree in*es ?ick1 by p]haps fifte5  
in*es 9 diamet]2 ! gra9 runn+ 9 !       
direction ( ! ?ickness4 ,out ( ?is      
circul> slab a circul> piece is cut f ! 
c5t]1 possibly six in*es 9 diamet]1     
leav+ ! slab 9 ! =m ( a r+1 l an extra  
?ick india-rubb] ela/ic b&4 ,:ile ?is r+
 is 9 ! la!1 ! turn] applies 8 *isels & 
g\ges to x 9 e "p1 on ! out] edge1 on ! 
inn] edge1 & on bo? sides4 ,all sorts ( 
curves are made1 n[ deep1 n[ %all[2 n[  
convex1 n[ concave2 n[ ) s+le curvature1
 n[ ) d\ble4 ,a look]-on c\ld h>dly by  
any possibility guess :at ^! curv+s &   
twi/+s h to d ) ea* o!r1 = ! r+ is /ill 
a r+1 & no?+ else2 b ! cunn+ workman has
 got x all 9 8 m9d's eye4 ,:5 ! turn+ is
 f9i%$1 ! r+ is bisect$ or cut across1 n
 into two slices1 b into two segm5ts or 
semicircul> pieces4 ,look+ at ei!r end (
 ei!r piece1 lo6 !re is ! pr(ile ( a    

horse--)\t a tail1 c]ta9ly1 b a         
respectably good horse 9 o!r respects4  
,! secret is n[ divulg$4 ,! turn]1 :ile 
! r+ or annulus is 9 ! la!--a ,saturn's 
r+ )\t a ,saturn--turns ! out] edge into
 ! pr(ile ( ! top ( ! head & ! back ( a 
horse1 ! "o flat surface into ! pr(ile (
 ! *e/ & ! =e legs1 & ! o!r flat surface
 into ! pr(ile ( ! h9d qu>t]s & h9d     
legs1 & ! inn] edge ( ! r+ into ! pr(ile
 ( ! belly1 & ! deep recess betwe5 ! =e 
& h9d legs4 ,! curvatures are really v  
well done1 = ! workm5 h good models to  
copy f1 & long practice gives !m        
accuracy ( h& & eye4  ,an endless r+ (  
tailless horses has be5 produc$1        
d\btless ! mo/ important "p ( ! affair2 
b !re is mu* +5uity yet to be %[n 9     
develop+ f ?is ab/ract r+ a c]ta9 numb] 
( s+le1 concrete1 individual1 prop]     
,noah's ,ark horses1 ) prop] ,noah's    
,ark tails4 ,! r+ is *opp$ or sawn up   
into a great _m pieces4 ,ea* piece is   
?ick] at "o end ?an ! o!r1 because !    
out] diamet] ( ! r+ 0 necess>ily great] 

?an ! inn]2 b ) ?is all[ance ea* piece  
may be consid]$ flat4 ,! ?ick end is !  
head ( ! horse1 ! ?9 end ! h9d qu>t]2 "o
 project+ piece repres5ts ! position &  
pr(ile ( ! =e legs1 b !y are n sep>at$2 
& simil>ly ( ! h9d #edf legs4 ,n[ is !  
"t = ! c>v] to set to "w4 ,he takes !   
piece ( wood 9 h&1 equalizes ! ?ickness 
:]e ne$ful1 & p>es (f ! %>p edges4 ,he  
sep>ates into two e>s ! little project+ 
piece :i* juts out f ! head1 sep>ates   
into two pairs ( legs ! two project+    
pieces :i* jut out f ! body1 & makes a  
respectable pair ( eyes1 ) no/rils & m\?
 ( prop] ?or\gh-br$ "*2 he jags ! back (
 ! neck 9 ! prop] way to =m a mane1 &   
makes1 n a tail1 b a little recess to   
:i* a tail may com=tably be glu$4 ,!    
tail is a sep>ate affair4 ,an endless r+
 ( horses' tails is fir/ turn$ 9 a la!4 
,a mu* small] slab1 small] 9 diamet] & 9
 ?ickness ?an ! o!r1 is cut into an     
annulus or r+2 & ?is r+ is turn$ by     
tools on bo? edges & bo? sides4 ,:5     
bisect$1 ea* end ( ea* half ( ! r+      

exhibits ! pr(ile ( a horse's tail2 & :5
 cut up into small bits1 ea* bit has !  
:]e)al 9 x = fa%ion+ "o tail4 ,aft] !   
c>v] has done 8 "w1 ea* horse receives  
its prop] tail2 & !y are all prop] long 
tails too1 su* z nature may be suppos$  
to h made1 & n ! clipp$ & cropp$ affairs
 :i* f>ri]s & grooms produce4  ,?is     
cont9u\s r+ sy/em is c>ri$ fai?fully    
?r\gh ! :ole ,noah's ,ark family4 ,"o   
big slab is = an endless r+ ( elephants2
 ano!r ( appropriate size = camels2 o!rs
 = lions1 leop>ds1 wolves1 foxes1 dogs1 
donkeys1 ducks1 & all ! re/4 ,sometimes 
! e>s are s %ap$ z n v conv5i5tly to be 
produc$ 9 ! same r+ z ! o!r "p ( !      
animal2 9 ?is case an endless r+ ( e>s  
is made1 & *opp$ up into twice z _m e>s 
z !re are animals4 ,elephant's trunks   
/ick out 9 a way t w\ld p]plex ! turn]  
some:at2 he !re=e makes an endless r+ ( 
trunks1 *ops x up1 & h&s ov] ! pieces to
 ! c>v] to be fa%ion$ into z _m trunks z
 !re are elephants4 ,9 "s in/ances1 :]e 
! animal is r a bullet-head$ sort ( an  

individual1 ! head is turn$ 9 a la!     
sep>ately1 & glu$ on to ! headless body4
 ,if a c>nivor\s animal has a tail v mu*
 l t ( "o ( ! gram9ivor\s sort1 ! c>v]  
says no?+ ab\t x1 b makes ! same endless
 r+ ( tails s]ve bo?2 or !y may belong  
to ! same ord] b diff]5t families--z1 = 
in/ance1 ! camel & ! c[1 :i* are pres5t$
 by ^! ,noah's ,ark p ) tails cut f !   
same endless r+4 ,o!r toys are made 9 ! 
same way4 ,^? et]nal soldi]s :i* ,g]man 
boys are always suppos$ to love s mu*1 z
 if !re 7 no end ( ,s*leswig-,hol/e9s = 
!m to conqu]1 are--if made ( wood 7= t9 
soldi]s are also imm5sely 9             
reque/7--turn$ sep>ately 9 a la!1 s f> z
 _! m>tial frames admit ( ?is mode (    
%ap+2 b ! muskets & "s o!r portions are 
made on ! endless r+ sy/em4 ,all ?is may
 be se5 v well at ,kew2 = !re are !     
blocks ( s(t p9e1 ! slabs cut f !m 7) ! 
gra9 ( ! wood 9 ! direction ( !         
?ickness71 ! r+s turn$ f ! slabs1 !     
turn+s & curvatures ( ! r+s1 ! pr(ile ( 
an animal se5 at ea* end1 ! slices cut f

 ea* r+1 ! animal fa%ion$ f ea* slice1 !
 r+ ( tails1 ! sep>ate tails = ea* r+1 !
 animal prop]ly tail$ 9 all its glory1 &
 a pa9t$ specim5 or two to %[ ! f9i%$ =m
 9 :i* ! lov+ c\ples g into ! ark--pigs 
n s mu* small] ?an elephants z !y ought 
to be1 b piggi%ly %ap$ nev]!less4  ,all 
! ,engli% toy-mak]s agree1 ) "o accord1 
t we _c = an in/ant compete ) ! ,g]mans 
& ,tyrolese 9 ! fabrication ( su*       
articles1 price = price4 ,we h n made x 
a l>ge & important bran* ( h&icraft2 &  
our workm5 h n /udi$ natural hi/ory )   
suffici5t assiduity to give ! prop]     
di/9ctive =ms to ! animals4 #edg ,! m   
elaborate productions--su* z !          
baby-dolls :i* c say mamma1 & make _!   
*e/s heave l any s5tim5tal damsels--are 
( ,fr5*1 r ?an ,g]man manufacture1 & are
 n s mu* wood5 productions z comb9ations
 ( _m diff]5t mat]ials4 ,papi]-ma*e1    
m\ld$ into =m1 is becom+ v useful 9 !   
doll & animal trade2 :ile india-rubb] & 
gutta-p]*a are do+ wond]s4 ,! real      
,noah's ,ark "w1 h[ev]1 is ?or\ghly     

,g]man1 & is specially connect$ )       
wood-work+4 ,"s ( ! m delicate &        
elaborate specim5s ( c>v+--su* z ! gr\ps
 = *imney-piece ornam5ts1 honor$ by !   
protection ( glass %ades--are made (    
lime-tree or l9d5-wood1 by ! peasants ( 
,ob]amm]gau1 9 ! m\nta9 p>ts ( ,bav>ia4 
,!re 7 specim5s ( ^! k9ds ( "w at our   
two exhibitions :i* c\ld n h be5 produc$
 9 ,engl& at ?rice ! price2 our good    
c>v]s are few1 & _! s]vices are 9 reque/
 at good wages = m$iaeval *ur*-"w4 ,we  
%\ld be curi\s to "k :at an ,engli% c>v]
 w\ld require to be paid = a half-gu9ea 
,bav>ian gr\p n[ be=e u--a ,tyrolese    
m\nta9e] seat$ on a rock1 8 rifle re/+  
on 8 arm1 ! /udd$ nails 9 8 climb+ %oes1
 a dead *amois at 8 feet1 8 wife lean+  
h] h& lightly on 8 %\ld]1 8 ?umb po9t+  
ov] 8 %\ld] to d5ote ! qu>t] :]e he _h  
%ot ! *amois1 8 wood5 b[l ( porridge    
held on 8 left knee1 ! easy fit & fl[ ( 
! g>m5ts ( bo? man & woman-- all        
arti/ically gr\p$ & nicely cut1 & look+ 
clean & :ite 9 l9d5-wood4 ,no ,engli%   

c>v] w\ld dream ( su* a ?+ at su* a     
price4 ,h[ev]1 ^! are n ! mo/ important 
( ! productions ( ! peasant c>v]s1      
comm]cially speak+2 l z our ,m9tons &   
,copel&s make m money by ev]yday crock]y
 ?an by beautiful ,p>ian /atuettes1 s d 
! ,g]man toy-mak]s look to ! ,noah's    
,ark class ( productions z _! ma9 /ay 9 
! m>ket1 r ?an to m elegant & arti/ic   
works4  ------  #edh   ,,william        
,,%akespe>e4  ,,by ,,c>d9al ,,wiseman4  
,9 ! autumn ( la/ ye> a communication 0 
made to 8 em95ce   ! late ,c>d9al       
,wiseman by ,h4 ,b5ce ,jones1 ,esq41    
,m4,d41 z ,secret>y   ( ! ,royal        
,in/itution ( ,great ,brita91 reque/+   
him to deliv]   a lecture be=e t        
society4 ,! c>d9al1 ) ! prompt   k9dness
 usual to him1 at once ass5t$4 ,!       
,%akespe>e   ,t]c5t5>y seem$ to         
prescribe ! subject1 :i* 8 em95ce       
!re=e select$4    ,! foll[+ pages 7     
dictat$ by him 9 ! la/ weeks ( 8   life4
 ,! latt] "p 0 tak5 d[n 9 ! beg9n+ (    
,janu>y2   ! e>li] "p 0 dictat$ on      

,saturday ! f\rte5? ( t   mon?4 ,x 0 8  
la/ intellectual ex]tion1 & x ov]tax$ 8 
fail+ /r5g?4    ,! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,clif=d1  
*apla9 to ! ,hospital ( ,/4 ,john & ,/4 
,elizabe?1 :o act$ z 8 amanu5sis1 /ates1
 f ! lips ( 8   em95ce1 t ! matt]       
conta9$ 9 ^! pages is ! beg9n+   & !    
end+ ( :at he int5d$ to deliv]4 ,we h1  
!re=e1   only a fragm5t ( a :ole :i* 0  
nev] complet$ except 9 !   au?or's m9d4 
,i4  ,!re h be5 "s m5 9 ! _w's hi/ory--&
 !y are necess>ily few--:o by _! dea?s h
 depriv$ mank9d ( ! p[] to d ju/ice to  
_! m]its1 9 ^? p>ticul> sph]es (        
excell5ce 9 :i* !y _h be5 pre-em95t4 ,:5
 ! immortal ,raphael = ! la/ "t laid d[n
 8 palette1 /ill moi/ ) ! brilliant     
colors :i* he _h spread ^u 8 unf9i%$    
ma/]piece1 de/9$ to be expos$ to        
admiration above 8 bi]1 he left none    
beh9d him :o c\ld wor?ily depict &      
transmit to u 8 beautiful l9eam5ts3 s t 
po/]ity has _h to seek 9 8 own pa9t+s1  
among ! gu>ds at a sepul*re1 or among ! 
y\?ful disciples 9 an anci5t s*ool1 "s  

figure :i* may be consid]$ z repres5t+  
himself4  ,:5 8 mighty rival1           
,mi*elangelo1 ca/ d[n t massive *isel   
:i* no "o aft] him 0 wor?y or able to   
wield1 none surviv$ him :o c\ld v5ture  
to repeat 9 m>ble ! rugg$ gr&eur ( 8    
c\nt5ance2 b we imag9e t we c trace 9 ! 
head ( "s unf9i%$ satyr1 or 9 ! sublime 
c\nt5ance ( 8 ,moses1 ! natural or !    
idealiz$ type f :i* he drew 8 /]n &     
noble inspirations4  ,&1 to turn to     
ano!r great art1 :5 ,moz>t clos$ 8 la/  
uncomplet$ score1 & laid him d[n to pass
 f ! regions ( e>?ly to ^? ( heav5ly    
music1 :i* none _h s closely approa*$ z 
he1 ! sci5ce ov] :i* he rul$ c\ld f9d no
 /ra9s 9 :i* wor?ily to m\rn him except 
8 own1 & 0 compell$ to s+ = ! fir/ "t 8 
own m>vel\s requiem at 8 fun]al4        
,footnote #aja    ,footnote #aja3 ,!    
same may be said ( ! celebrat$ ,cim>osa4
  ,no less c x be said t :5 ! p5 dropp$ 
f ,%akespe>e's h&1 :5 8 la/ mortal      
illness ma/]$ ! /r5g? ( ev5 8 g5ius1 !  
_w 0 left p[]less to describe 9 writ+ 8 

noble & unrivall$ *>act]i/ics4 ,h5ce we 
turn back ^u himself1 & endeavor to draw
 f 8 own works ! only true records ( 8  
g5ius & 8 m9d4  ,footnote #ajb          
,footnote #ajb3 ,ev5 9 8 lifetime ?is   
seems to h be5   =ese54 ,9 #affd1 9 an  
epigram address$ to ,ma/] ,william      
,%akespe>e1 & fir/ publi%$ by ,mr4      
,halliwell1 occurr$ !   foll[+ l9es3    
,besides 9 places ?y wit w9des l ,mae&]4
   ,:5 7:5ce7 ne$y new compos]s borr[ m 
,!nce 7?an7   ,t]5ce do? f ,plautus or  
,m5&]1 ,b to praise !e aright ,i   want 
?y /ore4 ,!n let ?9e owne words ?9e owne
 wor? upraise   ,& help t' adorne !e )  
des]v$ baies4 ,halliwell's ,life (      
,%akespe>e1 p4 #afj4  #edi  ,we apply to
 him phrases :i* he has utt]$ ( o!rs2 we
 believe t he mu/ h involunt>ily        
describ$ himself1 :5 he says1           
,take him all 9 all1   ,we %all n look  
^u 8 l aga92  or t he mu/ ev5 consci\sly
 h giv5 a reflection ( himself :5 he s  
ri*ly repres5ts to u ! poet's eye 9 a   
f9e phr5zy roll+4 7,midsumm]-,night's   

,dream1 act v41 sc5e #a47  ,b 9 fact1   
consid]+ t ! "* ( a man is l t :i* he   
describes1 z comp\nd$ ( _m simples      
extract$ f _m objects 7,z ,y ,l ,x1 act 
iv41 sc5e #a71 we naturally seek = ^?   
qualities :i* ent] into 8 composition2  
we look = !m 9 8 own pages2 we endeavor 
to cull f e "p ( 8 works su*            
attributions ( great & noble qualities  
to 8 *>act]s1 & unite !m s z to =m :at  
we believe is 8 true/ portrait4 ,9 tru?1
 no o!r au?or has p]haps exi/$ :o has s 
completely reflect$ himself 9 8 works z 
,%akespe>e4 ,=1 z arti/s w tell u t e   
great ma/] has m or less reproduc$ 9 8  
works *>act]i/ics to be f\nd 9 himself1 
?is is f> m true ( our greate/ dramati/1
 ^: g5ius1 ^: m9d1 ^: he>t1 & ^: entire 
s\l live & brea! 9 e page & e l9e ( 8   
imp]i%able works4 ,inde$1 z 9 ^! !re is 
inf9itely great] v>iety1 & consequ5tly  
great] v]satility ( p[] necess>y to     
produce x1 s mu/ ! am\nt ( elem5ts :i*  
ent] into is composition repres5t       
*angeable yet bl5d+ qualities beyond :at

 ! mo/ f9i%$ ma/] 9 any o!r art an be   
suppos$ to h possess$4  ,! positive &   
directly applicable mat]ials :i* we     
possess = con/ruct+ a biography ( ?is   
our greate/ writ]1 are m scanty ?an h   
be5 collect$ to illu/rate ! life ( _m an
 inf]ior au?or4 ,8 contempor>ies1 8     
fri5ds1 p]haps admir]s1 h left u b few  
anecdotes ( 8 life1 & h record$ b few   
traits ( ei!r 8 appe>ance or 8 "*4 ,^?  
:o imm$iately succe$$ him seem to h tak5
 b little pa9s to collect e>ly          
traditions conc]n+ him1 :ile yet !y mu/ 
h be5 fre% 9 ! recollections ( 8        
fell[-c\ntrym51 & /ill m ( 8            
fell[-t[nsm54  ,footnote #ajc           
,footnote #ajc3 ,z evid5ce ( ?is neglect
 we may cite ! ,j\rnal   ( ! ,rev4 ,john
 ,w>d1 ,incumb5t ( ,/rat=d-^u-,avon1 to 
:i* he   0 appo9t$ 9 #affb4 ,?is di>y1  
:i* has be5 publi%$ by   ,doctor ,sev]n1
 f ! orig9al ,,mss41 pres]v$ 9 ! libr>y 
(   ! ,m$ical ,society ( ,london1       
conta9s b two pages relat+ to           
,%akespe>e1 & ^? conta9 b scanty &      

unsatisfactory   notices4 ,i w quote    
only two s5t5ces3 ,rememb] to p]use     
,%akespe>e's ,plays--bee mu* v]s$ 9 !m1 
t ,i may n bee   ignorant 9 t matt]1    
:e!r ,dr4 ,heyl9 does well1 9 reckon+   
up ! dramatick poets :i* h be5 fam\s 9  
,engl&1 to omit   ,%akespe>e 7p4 #ahd74 
,%akespe>e's daught] 0 /ill alive :5    
?is 0 writt51 z appe>s f ! s5t5ce t     
imm$iately   foll[s3 x seems to u       
wond]ful t s soon aft] ! poet's   dea? a
 %rewd & clev] cl]gyman & physician 7=  
,mr4 ,w>d 0   bo?7 %\ld h kn[n s little 
ab\t 8 celebrat$ t[nsman's   works or   
life4   ,x appe>s z ?\gh !y 7 sc>cely   
consci\s ( ! great & brilliant lum9>y ( 
,engli% lit]ature :i* 0 %9+ /ill1 or _h 
b lately pass$ away2 & z ?\gh !y c\ld n 
anticipate ei!r ! admiration :i* 0 to   
succe$ _! dull] p]ceptions ( 8          
unapproa*able gr&eur1 or ! eag] desire  
:i* ?is w\ld g5]ate ( kn[+ ev5 ! smalle/
 details ( its rise1 its appe>ance1 its 
dep>ture4 ,= by ! biography ( ,%akespe>e
 "o _c und]/& ! records ( :at he b\ght1 

( :at he sold1 or ! recital ( ^? acts   
:i* only conf\nd him ) ! common mass :i*
 surr\nd$ him1 & make him appe> z !     
wor?y burgess or ! ?rifty m]*ant2 ?\gh  
ev5 ab\t ! ord9>y commonplace portions (
 8 life su* unc]ta9ty exi/s1 t d\bts h  
be5 ?r[n on ! v g5u95ess ( t h\se :i* he
 is suppos$ to h inhabit$4  ,n[1 x is ! 
*>act]i/ic individualiz+ quality1       
actions1 & mode ( execut+ 8 works1 to   
:atev] class ( excell5ce he may belong1 
t we long to be famili> ) 9 ord] to say 
t we "k ! man4 ,:at matt]s x to u t he  
paid s _m m>ks or #eej %ill+s to pur*ase
 a home/ead 9 ,/rat=d-^u-,avon8 ,!      
simple autograph ( 8 "n is n[ wor? all !
 sums t he ?us exp5d$4 ,"o s+le l9e ( "o
 ( 8 dramas1 writt5 9 8 own h&1 w\ld be 
wor? to 8 admir]s all ! sums :i* are    
kn[n to h pass$ betwe5 him & o!rs4 ,:at 
has become ( ! goodly folios :i* mu/ h  
once exi/$ writt5 9 8 own h&8 ,:]e are !
 books annotat$ or ev5 scrat*$ by 8 p51 
f :i* he drew ! subjects & sometimes !  
sub/ance ( 8 dramas8 ,:at v&alism       

de/roy$ ! fir/1 or disp]s$ ! second ( ^!
 valuable treasures8 ,h[ is x t we "k   
no?+ ( 8 me?od ( composition8 ,0 x 9    
solitude & sacr$ seclusion1             
self-imprison$ = h\rs beyond ! rea* ( ! 
turmoil ( ! /reet or ! dome/ic s\nds (  
home8 ,or 7 8 unrivall$ works produc$ 9 
scraps ( "t & fugitive mom5ts1 ev5      
p]haps 9 ! wait+-room ( ! !atre1 or !   
brawl+ or jovial s\nds ( ! tav]n8  ,0 he
 sil5t1 ?\ghtful1 :ile 8 f]tile bra9 0  
see?+ & heav+ 9 ! f]m5tation ( 8 glori\s
 conceptions2 s t m5 %\ld h said--,hu%6 
,%akespe>e is at "w ) "s new & mighty   
imag9+s6 or wore he always t light &    
c>eless _s :i* (t5 belongs to !         
spontane\s facility ( g5ius2 s t 8      
comrades may h wond]$ :51 & :]e1 & h[ 8 
grave *>act]s1 8 solemn sc5es1 8 fe>ful 
cata/rophes1 & 8 sublime maxims (       
orig9al wisdom1 7 conceiv$1 plann$1     
matur$1 & f9ally writt5 d[n1 to rule =  
ev] ! _w ( lett]s8 ,almo/ ! only fact   
connect$ ) 8 lit]>y life :i* has come   
d[n to u is "o :i* has be5 record$1     

p]haps ) jeal\sy1 c]ta9ly ) ill-temp]1  
by 8 fri5d ,b5 ,jonson--t he wrote )    
ov]ha/e1 & h>dly ev] eras$ a l9e1 ?\gh x
 w\ld h be5 bett] _h he done s ) _m4    
,?is almo/ total abs5ce ( all ext]nal   
in=mation1 ?is dry+-up ( ! ord9>y       
*annels ( p]sonal hi/ory1 =ces u to seek
 = ! "* & ! v life ( ,%akespe>e 9 8 own 
works4 ,b h[ difficult1 9 analyz+ !     
complex con/itution ( su* a man's       
pr9ciples1 motives1 passions1 &         
affections1 to discrim9ate betwe5 :at he
 has drawn = himself1 & :at he has      
creat$ by ! =ce ( 8 imag9ation4 ,deal+  
habitually ) fictions1 sometimes 9 _!   
noble/1 sometimes 9 _! vile/ =ms--"h    
gross & ev5 savage1 !re ref9$ &         
sometimes e!real1 h[ %all we discov] :at
 portions ( !m 7 copi$ f ! glass :i* he 
held be=e himself1 :at f ! magic mirrors
 across :i* flitt$ illusive or fanciful 
imag]y8 ,! "w seems hopeless4 ,x is n l 
t ( ! pr9t]1 :o1 f a *aotic heap (      
seem+ly unmean+ lead1 draws out lett]   
aft] lett]1 & s disposes !m t !y %all   

make s5seful & ev5 brilliant l9es4 ,x is
 m l ! hopeless labor ( "o :o1 f !      
fragm5ts ( a tesselat$ pavem5t1 %\ld try
 to draw ! elegant & exquisitely t9t$   
figure :i* once x bore4  ,?is difficulty
 ( appreciat+1 & /ill m ( del9eat+1 ! "*
 ( our great poet1 makes him1 )\t p]haps
 an exception1 ! mo/ difficult lit]>y   
!me 9 ,engli% lett]s4  ,h[ to r$uce !   
subject to a lecture seems inde$ a      
lit]al p>adox4 ,b :5 to ?is difficulty  
is add$ t ( an impossible compression   
into n>r[ limits ( ! wide/ & va/e/      
compass ev] embrac$ by any "o man's     
g5ius1 x mu/ appe> an excess ( ra%ness 9
 any-"o to presume t he c d ju/ice to ! 
subject on :i* ,i am address+ y4  ,x    
seems1 !re=e1 h>dly wond]ful t ev5 ! la/
 ye>1 d$icat$ naturally to ! t]c5t5>y   
commemoration ( ,william ,%akespe>e1    
%\ld h pass$ ov] )\t any public eulogy (
 8 greatness 9 ?is our metropolis4 ,x   
seem$1 inde$1 z if ! magnitude ( t "o   
man's g5ius 0 too oppressive = ?is      
g5]ation4 ,x 0 n1 ,i believe1 an        

und]valu+ #eea ( 8 m]its :i* produc$ !  
fru/ration ( ef=ts1 & ! disappo9tm5t (  
expectations1 t seem$ to put to r\t &   
confusion1 or r to p>alyze1 ! ex]tions s
 /r5u\sly comm5c$ to m>k ! ye> z a great
 epo* 9 ,engl&'s lit]>y hi/ory4 ,i      
believe1 on ! contr>y1 t ! dim5sions (  
,%akespe>e _h gr[n s immeasurably 9 !   
e/imation ( 8 fell[-c\ntrym51 t !       
proportions ( 8 g5ius to all t _h foll[$
 him1 & all t surr\nd u1 _h gr[n s      
enorm\sly 9 ! judgm5t & feel+ ( !       
c\ntry1 f ! nobleman to ! workman1 t !  
g5ius ( ! man oppress$ u1 & made u feel 
t all our multipli$ res\rces ( art &    
spee* 7 unequal to 8 wor?y              
commemoration4 ,no plan propos$ = ?is   
purpose seem$ adequate to atta9 x4 ,no?+
 solid & p]man5t t c\ld ei!r come up to 
8 m]its or to our aspirations seem$ to  
be )9 ! grasp ei!r ( ! arts or ( ! weal?
 ( our c\ntry4 ,! ye> has pass$ away1 & 
,%akespe>e rema9s )\t any monum5t1      
except t :i*1 by 8 wond]ful writ+s1 he  
has rais$ = himself4 ,ev5 ! rese>* aft] 

a site fit = ! erection ( a monum5t to  
him1 9 ! city ( squ>es1 ( g>d5s1 & (    
p>ks1 seem$ only to "w p]plexity &      
hopelessness4  ,presumptu\s z x may     
appe>1 ! claim to connect myself ) t    
expir$ & ext9ct movem5t is my only      
apology = my appe>+ be=e y4 ,if1 a ye>  
aft] its "t1 ,i take ^u myself ! eulogy 
( ,%akespe>e1 if ,i appe> to come =w>d z
 ) a fun]al oration1 to give him1 9 a   
mann]1 po/hum\s glory1 x is because my  
"w has dropp$ out ( its place1 & n      
because ,i h inopportunely misplac$ x4  
,9 ! c\rse ( ! la/ ye>1 x 0 propos$ to  
me1 bo? directly & indirectly1 to deliv]
 a lecture on ,%akespe>e4 ,i 0 bold     
en\gh to yield my ass5t1 & ?us felt t ,i
 _h contract$ an obligation to ! memory 
( ! b>d1 z well z to ^? :o ?\ght t my   
%>+ :at 0 done = 8 honor w\ld possess   
any value4 ,a task und]tak5 becomes a   
duty unfulfill$4 ,:51 !re=e1 x 0 propos$
 to me to p]=m my portion ( ! homage :i*
 ,i consid]$ due to him1 ?\gh x 0 to be 
a mon? too late1 ,i felt x w\ld be      

c[>dice to %r9k f its p]=mance4  ,= 9   
tru? ! und]tak+ requir$ "s c\rage2 & to 
retire be=e its difficulties might be   
/igmatiz$ z a da/>dly timidity4 ,x is a 
"w ( c\rage at any "t & 9 any place to  
und]take a lecture ^u ,%akespe>e1 m 9   
fact ?an to v5ture on ! deliv]y ( a     
s]ies4 ,! latt] gives scope = ! ?\s& ?+s
 :i* "o w\ld wi% to say--x af=ds ample  
space = apposite illu/ration--& x       
enables "o to enri* ! subject ) !       
innum]able & inimitable beauties t are  
flung l gems or fl[]s ov] e page ( 8    
magnific5t works4 ,b 9 ! mid/ ( public1 
or r univ]sal1 celebration ( a national 
& secul> fe/ival 9 8 honor1 9 ! pres5ce 
probably ( ! mo/ f9i%$ lit]>y *>act]s 9 
?is highly-educat$ c\ntry1 /ill m       
c]ta9ly be=e numb]s ( ^? :om ! nation   
ackn[l$ges z deeply read 9 ! works ( our
 poet z ! mo/ accompli%$ critic ( any   
age has be5 9 ! writ+s ( ! classics--m5 
:o h introduc$ into our lit]ature a     
class-"n--t ( ,%akespe>ian s*ol>s--to h 
v5tur$ to speak on ?is great !me might  

seem to h requir$1 n c\rage1 b tem]ity4 
,:y1 x might h be5 ju/ly ask$1 d none ( 
^? :o h consum$ _! lives 9 ! /udy ( him1
 n page by page1 b l9e by l9e1 :o h     
press$ 8 sweet fruits betwe5 _! lips    
till !y h absorb$ all _! lusci\sness1 :o
 h made 8 words _! /udy1 8 ?\ghts _!    
m$itation1--:y does n "o at lea/ among  
!m /& =w>d n[1 & leave = po/]ity !      
record ( 8 matur$ obs]vation8 ,p]haps ,i
 may assign ! reason :i* ,i h be=e1 t !y
 #eeb "k1 too1 ! unapproa*able gr&u] ( !
 !me1 & ! r>e p[]s :i* are requir$ to   
grasp & to hold x4  ,be x s2 b at any   
rate1 if 9 ! pres5ce ( o!rs s mu* m     
capable x w\ld h be5 ra% to speak1 to   
express "o's ?\ghts1 :5 !re is no       
competition1 may be p>donable at lea/4  
,& yet1 :5 ev]ybody else is sil5t1 x may
 be v naturally ask$1 ,h ,i a s+le claim
 to put =w>d ^u y\r att5tion &          
indulg5ce8 ,i ?9k ,i may h "o2 ?\gh ,i  
fe> t :5 ,i m5tion x1 x may be consid]$ 
ei!r a p>adox or a refutation ( my      
pret5sions4 ,my claim1 !n1 to be he>d & 

borne ) is ?is--t ,i h nev] 9 my life   
se5 ,%akespe>e act$2 ,i h nev] he>d 8   
eloqu5t spee*es declaim$ by gift$       
p]=m]s2 ,i h n li/5$ to 8 noble poetry z
 utt]$ by ! k+s or que5s ( trag$y2 ,i h 
n witness$ 8 gr&1 ri*ly-conc]t$ sc5es   
end[$ ) life by ! graceful ge/ures1 !   
classical attitudes1 ! contra/+         
emotions1 & ! po9t$ emphasis ( ^? :o 9  
mod]n times may be consid]$ to h ev5    
add$ to t :i* 8 g5ius produc$2 ,i "k    
no?+ ( ! orig9al & /rik+ read+s or      
r5d]+s ( p>ticul> passages by ma/]s (   
mimic art2 ,i "k him only on 8 flat     
page1 z he is repres5t$ 9 immovable1    
featureless1 unemotional type4  ,nor am 
,i acqua9t$ ) him surr\nd$1 p]haps      
sometimes su/a9$1 b1 at any rate1       
wor?ily adorn$ & enhanc$ 9 accessory    
beauty1 by ! magic illusion ( sc5ic     
decorations1 ! spl5did pageantry :i* he 
simply h9ts at1 b :i*1 ,i believe1 has  
be5 n[ realiz$ to its mo/ ideal         
exactness & ri*ness--banquets1          
t\rnam5ts1 & battles1 ) ! almo/         

deceptive accuracy ( co/ume & (         
ar*itecture4 ,:5 ,i he> ( all ^!        
additional ornam5ts hung ar\nd 8 noble  
works1 ! impression :i* !y make ^u my   
m9d creates a deep] s5se ( amazem5t &   
admiration1 h[ dramas writt5 = ! ,globe 
,!atre1 wret*$ly light$1 incapable (    
gr&eur ev5 f want ( space1 & )\t ^?     
me*anical & arti/ical res\rces :i*      
belong to a lat] age1 %\ld be capable ( 
be>+ all ?is additional weight ( lu/re &
 magnific5ce )\t its be+ necess>y to    
alt] a ^w1 /ill less a passage1 f _!    
orig9al deliv]y4  ,footnote #ajd  ,?is  
exhibits ! nicely-balanc$ po9t (        
excell5ce :i* is equally pois$ betwe5   
simplicity & gorge\sness2 :i* c reta9   
its p[] & beauty1 :e!r /ript to its b>e/
 =m or load$ ) exub]ant appurt5ances4   
,footnote #ajd3 ,! *orus :i* s]ves z a  
prologue to ,k+ ,h5ry   ,v41 %[s h[     
,%akespe>e's own m9d ke5ly felt !       
defici5cies   ( 8 "t1 & almo/           
anticipat+ly wrote = ! effects :i* a    
future age might supply3            ,b  

p>don1 g5tles all1     ,?is flat unrais$
 _s t ha? d>'d1     ,on ?is unwor?y     
scaffold1 to br+ =?     ,s great an     
object4 ,c ?is cock-pit hold     ,! va/y
 fields ( ,france8 ,or may we cram      
,)9 ?is wood5 ,o ! v casques     ,t did 
affright ! air at ,ag9c\rt4     4 4 4 4 
,piece out our imp]fections ) y\r       
?\ghts2     ,into a ?\s& p>ts divide "o 
man1     ,& make imag9>y puissance3     
,?9k1 :5 we talk ( horses1 t ye see !m  
,pr9t+ _! pr\d ho(s i' ! receiv+ e>?2   
,= 'tis y\r ?\ghts t n[ mu/ deck our    
k+s4  ,aft] hav+ said ?us mu* ( my own  
probably un5vi$ position1 ,i ?9k ,i %all
 n be wrong 9 assum+ t none (           
,%akespe>e's en?usia/ic admir]s1 "o (   
:om ,i pr(ess myself to be1 & t few ( my
 audi5ce1 are 9 ?is exceptional         
position4 ,!y w probably consid] ?is a  
disadvantage on my side2 & to "s ext5t  
,i mu/ ackn[l$ge x--= ,%akespe>e wrote  
to be act$1 & n to be read4  ,b1 on !   
o!r h&1 is x n some?+ to h approa*$ ?is 
wond]ful man1 & to h commun$ ) him 9    

sil5ce & 9 solitude1 face to face1 alone
 ) him alone2 to h read & /udi$ &       
m$itat$ on him 9 e>ly y\?1 )\t gloss or 
comm5t>y1 or preface or gloss>y8 ,= su* 
0 my good or evil =tune2 n dur+ ! /ill  
h\rs ( night1 b dur+ t /ill] portion (  
an ,italian #eec aft]noon1 :5 sil5ce is 
deep] ?an 9 ! night1 "u a bright &      
sultry sun :5 all are at re/1 all ar\nd 
y hu%$ to ! v foot/eps 9 a well-peopl$  
h\se1 except ! unquell$ murmur+ ( a     
f\nta9 b5ea? orange trees1 :i* m+l$ ?us 
! mo/ delicate ( fragrance ) ! mo/ soo?+
 ( s\nds1 bo? /eal+ toge!r ?r\gh !      
half-clos$ w9d[s ( wide & l(ty          
corridors4 ,is !re n m ( t rev]5ce & t  
reli% :i* con/itute ! classical ta/e to 
be d]iv$ f ! conc5tration ( ?\ght &     
feel+s :i* ! p]usal ( ! simple unm>r$ & 
unov]laid text produces2 :5 y c pond] on
 a v]se1 c l+] ov] a ^w1 c repeat       
m5tally & ev5 orally ) y\r own          
delib]ation & y\r own emphasis1 :5ev]   
dignity1 beauty1 or wisdom invite y to  
pause1 or compel y to rum9ate8  ,9 fact1

 7 y desir$ to give y\r judgm5t on !    
refre%+ wat] ( a pure f\nta91 y w\ld n  
c>e to ta/e x f a ri*ly-jewell$ &       
delicately-*as$ cup2 y w\ld n cons5t to 
h x m+l$ ) ! *oice/ w9e1 nor flavor$ by 
a s+le drop ( ! mo/ exquisite ess5ce2 y 
w\ld n h x *ill$ ) ice1 or g5tly        
attemp]$ by w>m?4 ,no1 y w\ld *oose !   
mo/ transp>5t cry/al vessel1 h[ev]      
homely2 y w\ld fill at ! v cleft ( !    
rock f :i* x bubbles fre% & bright1 &   
dr9k x yet sp>kl+1 & bead+ ) its own    
air-pe>ls ! walls ( ! goblet4 ,nay1 is n
 an opposite c\rse t :i* ! poet himself 
c5sures z wa/eful1 ridicul\s excess8    
,to gild ref9$ gold1 to pa9t ! lily2    
,to ?r[ a p]fume on ! violet4   4 4 4 4 
,or ) a tap] light   ,to seek ! beaute\s
 eye ( heav5 to v>ni%4             7,k+ 
,john act iv41 sc5e #b47  ,y w easily   
und]/&1 f long & almo/ apologetic       
preamble1 9 ! fir/ place1 t ,i take x = 
grant$ t ,i am address+ an audi5ce :i*  
is n assembl$ to receive elem5t>y or new
 in=mation conc]n+ ,engl&'s greate/     

poet4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,i believe myself  
to /& be=e _m :o are able to judge1 r   
?an m]ely accept1 my op9ions1 & 9 !     
pres5ce ( an assembly exclusively       
compos$ ( 8 admir]s1 ?or\ghly conv]sant 
) 8 works4 ,a fur!r consequ5ce is ?is1 t
 my lecture w n consi/ ( extracts--/ill 
less ( recitations ( any ( ^? beautiful 
passages :i* occur 9 e play (           
,%akespe>e4 ,! mo/ celebrat$ ( ^! are   
pres5t to ! m9d ( e ,engli% s*ol>1 f 8  
s*ool-boy days to 8 matur] /udies4      
,,ii4  ,x w\ld be sup]flu\s = a lectur] 
on ,%akespe>e to put to himself ! "q1   
,:at place d y int5d to give to !       
subject ( y\r disc\rse 9 ! lit]ature (  
,engl& or ( ,europe8 ,:atev] diff]5ce ( 
op9ion may exi/ else:]e1 ,i believe t 9 
?is c\ntry only "o answ] w be giv54     
,among our native writ]s no "o que/ions 
t ,%akespe>e is supremely pre-em95t1 &  
mo/ ( u w probably assign him z l(ty a  
position 9 ! :ole range ( mod]n         
,european lit]ature4 ,p]haps no o!r     
nation possesses among its writ]s any "o

 "n to :i* !re is no rival claim1 nor   
ev5 an approximation ( equality1 to make
 a balance aga9/ x4 ,7 we to imag9e 9   
,engl& a ,walhalla erect$ to conta9 !   
effigies ( great m51 & 7 "o especial    
hall to conta9 ^? ( our mo/ em95t       
dramati/s1 x mu/ ne$s be s con/ruct$ z  
to h "o c5tral ni*e4 ,7 a simil>        
/ructure prep>$ 9 ,france1 x w\ld be    
natural to place 9 equal prom95ce at    
lea/ two figures1 or1 9 classical       
language1 two diff]5t muses ( ,trag$y & 
( ,com$y w\ld h to be sep>ately         
repres5t$4 ,b 9 ,engl&1 assign :at place
 we may to ^? :o h excell$ 9 ei!r bran* 
9 mimic art1 #eed ! highe/ excell5ce 9  
bo? w\ld be f\nd c5t]$ 9 "o man2 & f him
 on ei!r side w\ld h to range !         
successful cultivators ( ! drama4  ,b   
?is claim to s undisput$ an elevation   
does n re/ ^u 8 m]its only 9 ?is field (
 our lit]ature4 ,%akespe>e has e/abli%$ 
8 claim to ! noble/ position 9 ,engli%  
lit]ature on a wid] & m solid basis ?an 
! m]e composition ( skilful plays c\ld  

des]ve4 ,z ! great ma/] ( our language1 
z almo/ its reg5]ator1 q its ref9]--z ! 
au?or ^: use ( a ^w /amps x ) ! m>k (   
pure/ ,engli% co9age--^: employm5t ( a  
phrase makes x h\sehold & prov]bial--^: 
s5t5ti\s say+s1 fl[+ )\t ef=t f 8 m9d1  
seem almo/ sacr$1 & are quot$ z axioms  
or maxims indisputable--z ! orator ^:   
spee*es1 n only apt1 b natural to ! lips
 f :i* !y issue1 are m eloqu5t ?an !    
disc\rses ( s5ators or f9i%$ public     
speak]s--z ! poet ^: notes are ri*]1 m  
wondr\sly v>i$ ?an ^? ( ! greate/       
pr(ess$ b>ds--z ! writ] :o has run ?r\gh
 ! mo/ v>i$ ways & to ! greate/ ext5t   
?r\gh e dep>tm5t ( lit]ature & le>n+1   
?r\gh ! hi/ory ( _m nations1 _! dome/ic 
mann]s1 _! *>act]i/ics1 & ev5 _! p]sonal
 di/9ctives1 & :o seems to h visit$ e "p
 ( nature1 to h intuitively /udi$ !     
heav5s & ! e>?--z ! man1 9 f9e1 :o has  
%[n himself supreme 9 s _m ?+s1         
sup]iority 9 any "o ( :i* ga9s          
reputation 9 life & glory aft] dea?1 he 
is preem95t above all1 & beyond ! rea* (

 envy or jeal\sy4  ,& if no o!r nation c
 %[ u ano!r man ^: head rises above all 
_! o!r m5 ( lett]s1 z ,%akespe>e does   
ov] ours1 !y _c pret5d1 by !            
accumulation ( sep>at$ excell5ces1 to   
put 9 competition ) him a type r ?an a  
realization ( possible wor?4  ,until1   
!re=e1 "s o!r writ] c be produc$1 no    
matt] f :at nation1 :o unites 9 himself 
p]sonally ^! gifts ( our b>d 9 an       
equally sublime degree1 8 /ature ov]tops
 !m all1 :]ev] born & h[ev] celebrat$4  
,! "q1 h[ev]1 may be rais$1 ,is he s    
securely plac$ ^u 8 p$e/al t a rival may
 n "o day ?ru/ him f x8--is he s secure 
^u 8 ?rone t a rebel may n usurp x8 ,to 
^! int]rogations ,i answ] unhesitat+ly1 
,yes4  ,9 ! fir/ place1 !re h only be5  
two poets 9 ! _w be=e ,%akespe>e :o h   
atta9$ ! same position ) him4 ,ea* came 
at ! mom5t :i* clos$ ! volume ( ! p]iod 
pa/ & op5$ t ( a new epo*4 ,( :at prec$$
 ,hom] we c "k b little2 ! songs by b>ds
 or rhapsodi/s _h1 no d\bt1 prec$$ him1 
& prep>$ ! way = ! fir/ & greate/ epic4 

,?is1 x is ackn[l$g$1 has nev] be5      
surpass$2 x became ! /&>d ( language1 ! 
/eadfa/ rule ( v]sification1 & ! model (
 poetical composition4 ,8 supremacy1    
once atta9$1 0 %ak5 by no competition2 x
 0 z well assur$ aft] a hundr$ ye>s z x 
has be5 by ?\s&s4 ,dante aga9 /ood      
betwe5 ! remnants ( ! old ,roman        
civilization & ! con/ruction ( a new &  
,*ri/ian sy/em ( arts & lett]s4 ,he1    
too1 consolidat$ ! float+ fragm5ts ( an 
indef9ite language1 & ) !m built & !nce 
himself fitt$ & adorn$ t /ately vessel  
:i* be>s him ?r\gh all ! regions ( life 
& ( dea?1 ( glory1 ( trial1 & (         
p]dition4  ,a ^w f\nd 9 ,dante is       
classical to ! ,italian e>2 a =m1 h[ev] 
/range 9 gramm>1 trac$ to him1 is       
consid]$ ju/ifiable if us$ by any mod]n 
sonnete]4  ,footnote #aje ,he holds !   
place 9 8 own c\ntry :i* ,%akespe>e does
 9 ours2 n only is 8 t]za rima consid]$ 
inimitable1 #eee b ! conc5tration (     
brilliant imag]y 9 our words1 ! fla%es (
 8 great ?\ghts & ! copi\s v>iety ( 8   

le>n+1 m>vell\s 9 8 age1 make 8 volume  
be to ?is day ! delight ( e ref9$       
intellig5ce & e poli%$ m9d 9 ,italy4    
,footnote #aje3 ,any "o acqua9t$ )      
,ma/r(9i's ,diction>y (   ,italian ,v]bs
 w und]/& ?is4  ,& he1 too1 l ,hom]1    
not)/&+ ! magnific5t poets :o succe$$   
him1 has nev] = a mom5t lo/ t fasc9ation
 :i* he alone ex]cises ov] ! doma9 (    
,italian poetry4 ,he 0 z mu* its rul] 9 
8 own age z he is 9 ! pres5t4  ,9 l     
mann]1 ! two c5turies & m :i* h elaps$  
s9ce ,%akespe>e's dea? h z completely   
confirm$ him 9 8 legitimate comm& z !   
same p]iod did 8 two only real          
pr$ecessors4 ,no "o c possibly ei!r be  
plac$ 9 a simil> position or come up to 
8 great qualities1 except at ! exp5se ( 
! de/ruction ( our pres5t civilization1 
! annihilation ( its pa/ traditions1 !  
resolution ( our language into j>gon1 & 
its reg5]ation1 by a new bir?1 into     
some?+ m ri* & /range ?an ! p[]ful idiom
 :i* s spl5didly comb9es ! ,saxon & !   
,norman elem5ts4 ,%\ld su* a deva/ation 

& recon/ruction take place1 :e!r !y come
 f ,new ,zeal& or f ,sib]ia1 !n !re may 
spr+ up ! poet ( t "t & condition :o may
 be ! f\r? 9 t great s]ies ( unrivall$  
b>ds1 b w no m int]f]e ) 8 pr$ecessor's 
rights ?an ,dante or ,%akespe>e does )  
^? ( ,hom]4  ,b fur!r1 we may truly say 
t ! legislator ( a p c be b "o1 &1 z    
su*1 c h no rival beyond 8 own %ores4   
,solon1 ,lycurgus1 & ,numa are ! only   
?ree m5 9 pr(ane hi/ory :o h rea*$ !    
dignity ( ?is s+ul> title4 ,! fir/ seiz$
 on ! "* ( ! bl& & poli%$ ,a!nians1 &   
fram$ 8 code 9 su* h>mony ) x1 t no     
subsequ5t laws1 ev5 9 ! p]iods ( mo/    
corrupt relaxation1 c\ld efface _!      
primitive /amp1 cease to make ! republic
 pr\d ( _! lawgiv]'s "n4  ,lycurgus     
und]/ood ! /]n & almo/ savage h>dihood &
 simplicity ( ! ,sp>tan disposition1 &  
p]petuat$ x & regulat$ x by 8 h>% &     
unfeel+ sy/em1 ( :i*1 not)/&+1 !        
,lac$aemonian 0 pr\d4 ,& s ,numa        
,pompilius compreh5d$ ! read9ess ( !    
infant republic1 sprung f s d\btful &   

discr$itable a p>5tage1 to discov] a    
noble desc5t1 & connect its bir? &      
education ) gods & h]oes2 took hold (   
?is weakness = ! sanction ( 8           
legislation2 & feign$ 8 conf]5ces ) !   
nymph ,eg]ia z ! s\rces ( 8 wisdom4 ,no2
 :atev] may become ( k+s1 legislators   
are nev] de?ron$4  ,& s is ,%akespe>e ! 
unque/ion$ legislator ( mod]n lit]>y    
art4 ,no "o w cont5d t1 )\t c]ta9       
detrim5t1 x w\ld be possible = a mod]n  
writ]1 especially ( dramatic fiction1 to
 g back beyond him & endeavor to e/abli%
 a pre-,%akespe>ian s*ool ( ,engli%     
lit]ature1 z we h ! pre-,raphaelite 9   
art4 ,/ruggle & wri! z any g5ius        
may--ev5 if end[$ ) giant /r5g? x--w be 
b z ! battle ( ! ,titans aga9/ ,jove4   
,huge rocks w be roll$ d[n ^u him1 & !  
lightn+ f ,%akespe>e's h& w assur$ly te>
 8 laurels1 if x d n /rike 8 head4      
,byron c\ld n appreciate ! dramatic     
g5ius ( ,%akespe>e2 p]haps 8 sympa?ies  
rang$ m freely among corsairs &         
,suliotes ?an among pur] & nobl]        

spirits4 ,c]ta9ly he speaks ( him ) a   
sup]cili\sness :i* betrays 8 inability  
fully to compreh5d him4 ,footnote #ajf  
,& yet1 w\ld ,manfr$ h exi/$ if !       
romantic drama & ! _s-ag5cy ( ,%akespe>e
 #eef _h n giv5 x life & rule8 ,s 9 o!r 
nations4 ,i %all probably quote to y !  
s5tim5ts ( =eign writ]s ( highe/ em95ce 
conc]n+ ,%akespe>e1 n z au?orities1 b z 
illu/rations ( :at ,i may say4          
,footnote #ajf3 ,"l ,byron ?us writes to
 ,mr4 ,murray1 ,july #ad1 #ahba3   ,i   
tru/ t ,s>danapalus w n be mi/ak5 = a   
political play   4 4 4 4 ,y w f9d all   
?is v unlike ,%akespe>e2 & s mu*   !    
bett]1 9 "o s5se1 = ,i look ^u him to be
 ! wor/ (   models1 ?\gh ! mo/          
extraord9>y ( writ]s4--,moore's ,life ( 
,"l ,byron4  ,s+ul>ly en\gh1 ! greate/ (
 ,g]man mod]n writ]s has n[h]e record$ a
 full & delib]ate op9ion on our poet4 ,b
 :o c d\bt t ,goetz von ,b]li*+5 ) !    
,iron ,h&1 & ev5 ! gr& & t5d] ,fau/1 &  
no less ,s*ill]'s ,wall5/e91 belong to !
 family ( ,%akespe>e1 are remotely      

(fspr+s ( 8 g5ius1 & h to be plac$ z    
tribut>y g>l&s r\nd 8 p$e/al4 ,to imag9e
 ,%akespe>e ev5 9 int5tion remov$ f 8   
sov]eignty w\ld be a trea*]y p>allel    
only to t ( ,le> de?ron$ by 8 own       
daught]s4  ,b /ill m may we say t1 9 all
 su* positions z t :i* we h assign$ to  
,%akespe>e1 !re has always be5 a        
culm9at+ po9t to :i* succe$s decl9e--if 
n d[nfall4 ,x is s 9 art4 ,imm$iately   
aft] ! dea? ( ,raphael1 & ! disp]sion ( 
8 s*ool1 art took a d[nw>d direction1 & 
has nev] ris5 aga9 to ! same height4 ,& 
:ile he m>ks ! highe/ elevation ev]     
rea*$ 9 ! arts ( ,europe1 a simil>      
obs]vation w apply to _! p>ticul>       
s*ools4 ,leon>do & ,lu9i 9 ,lomb>dy2 !  
,c>racci 9 ,bologna2 ,fra ,angelico 9   
,umbria2 ,g>(alo 9 ,f]r>a1 n only take !
 place ( *iefs 9 _! respective di/ricts1
 b m>k ! p]iod f :i* deg5]acy has to    
date4 ,& s surely is x 9 our case1      
:atev] may h be5 ! c\rse ( lit]ature :i*
 l$ up to ,%akespe>e1 )\t pron\nc+      
judgm5t on ,sp5s]1 or r>e ,b5 ,jonson1 x

 is c]ta9 t aft] him1 al?\gh ,engl& has 
possess$ great poets1 !re /&s n "o =w>d 
among !m z ,%akespe>e's competitor4     
,milton1 & ,dryd51 & ,addison1 & ,r[e h 
giv5 u specim5s ( high dramatic writ+ ( 
no mean quality2 o!rs z well1 & ev5 ^! h
 writt5 mu* & nobly1 9 l(ty z 9 famili> 
v]se2 yet n "o has ! public judgm5t ( ! 
nation plac$ on a level ) him4 ,!       
int]m$iate space f !m to our own times  
has left only ! traces ( a weak &       
en]vat$ s*ool4 ,x w\ld be unbecom+ to   
speak disp>ag+ly ( ! poets ( ! pres5t   
age2 b no "o1 ,i believe1 has v5tur$ to 
consid] !m z sup]ior to ! noble spirits 
( our ,augu/an age4 ,! easy desc5t f !  
l(tie/ em95ce is n easily reclimb$4     
,surely1 !n1 we may consid] ,%akespe>e1 
z an anci5t my?ologi/ w\ld h done1 z    
enski$ among ! invuln]able cl\ds1 :]e no
 %aft1 ev5 ( envy1 c assail him4 ,f ?is 
elevation we may safely pr$ict t he nev]
 c be pluck$4   ,,iii4  ,! next po9t :i*
 seems to claim att5tion is ! v root (  
all t ,i h said or %all h /ill to say4  

,to :at does ,%akespe>e owe ?is         
supremacy1 or :5ce fl[ all ! extraord9>y
 qualities :i* we attribute to him8 ,y  
are all prep>$ ) ! answ] 9 "o s+le ^w 8 
,,g5ius4  ,! g5ius ( ,%akespe>e is our  
famili> ?\ght & ready expression :5 we  
/udy him1 & :5 we *>act]ize him4        
,nev]!less1 simple & intelligible z is !
 ^w1 x is extremely difficult to analyze
 or to def9e x4 ,yet ev]y?+ t is great &
 beautiful 9 8 writ+s seems to require  
an explanation ( ! cause to :i* x owes  
its orig94  ,"o great *>act]i/ic (      
g5ius1 easily & univ]sally admitt$1 is1 
t x is a gift1 & n an acquisition4 ,x   
belongs inh]5tly to ! p]son possess+ x2 
x _c be transmitt$ by h]itage2 x _c be  
infus$ by p>5tal affection2 x _c be     
be/[$ by e>lie/ c>e2 nei!r c x be       
communicat$ by ! mo/ f9i%$ #eeg culture 
or ! mo/ /udi$ education4 ,x mu/ be     
cong5ital1 or r inborn to its possessor4
 ,x is z mu* a liv+1 a natural p[]1 z is
 reason to e man4 ,z surely z ! v fir/  
g]m ( ! plant conta9s 9 itself ! faculty

 ( "o day evolv+ f itself leaves1 fl[]s1
 & fruit1 s does g5ius hold1 h[ev]      
hidd51 h[ev] unse51 ! p[] to op51 to br+
 =?1 & to mature :at o!r m5 _c d1 b :at 
to x is in/9ctive & almo/ spontane\s4 ,x
 may beg9 to manife/ itself ) ! v dawn (
 reason2 x may rema9 asleep = ye>s1 till
 a sp>k1 p]haps accid5tally1 k9dles up  
into a sudd5 & irrepressible spl5dor t  
unse5 intellectual fuel :i* has be5     
almo/ unkn[n to its unambiti\s own]4  ,9
 our own m9ds we easily di/+ui% betwe5 !
 highe/ abilities or ! mo/ r>e          
atta9m5ts1 :5 ! fruit ( education & (   
application1 & :at we habitually di/+ui%
 z ! manife/ation ( g5ius4 ,b /ill we d 
n f9d x s easy to r$uce to words ?is    
m5tal di/9ction2 ! "o1 aft] all1 h[ev]  
gracefully & h[ev] brightly1 walks ^u ! 
e>?1 adorn+ x by ! good or fair ?+s :i* 
x scatt]s on its way2 ! o!r has w+s1 &  
flies above ! surface--x is l ! aurora (
 ,hom] or ( ,?orwalds51 :i*1 z x flies  
above ! plane ( mortal actions1 %$s d[n 
its fl[]s along its brilliant pa? ^u ^? 

wor?y to gaze upw>d t[>d x4 ,we connect 
9 our m9ds ) g5ius ! ideas ( fla%+      
spl5dor & ecc5tric movem5t4 ,x is an    
intellectual meteor1 ! laws ( :i* _c be 
def9$ or r$uc$ to any giv5 !ory4 ,we    
reg>d x ) a c]ta9 awe1 & leave x to so> 
or to droop1 to %9e or disappe>1 to da% 
irregul>ly fir/ 9 "o direction & !n 9   
ano!r2 no "o d>e curb x or direct x2 b  
all feel sure t its c\rse1 h[ev]        
inexplicable1 is subject to high] &     
controll+ rule4 ,b 9 ord] to def9e m    
closely :at we 9 reality und]/& by      
g5ius1 x may be well to consid] its     
action 9 divid$ & m re/rict$ sph]es (   
activity4 ,= al?\gh we habitually       
attribute ?is s+ul> quality to _m1 & (t5
 b on light gr\nds1 x is seldom t we d s
 s]i\sly & delib]ately )\t "s qualify+  
epi!t4 ,we speak ( a milit>y g5ius1 ( a 
me*anical g5ius1 ( a poetical g5ius1 ( a
 musical g5ius1 or ( an arti/ic g5ius4  
,all ^! expressions conta9 a re/rictive 
clause4 ,we d n und]/& :5 we use !m t ! 
p]son to :om !y 7 attribut$ possess$ any

 p[] beyond ! limits ( a p>ticul> sph]e4
 ,we d n mean by ! use ( ! ^w g5ius t ! 
soldi] knew any?+ ( poetry1 or ! pr9t] (
 me*anism4 ,we und]/& t ea* 9 8 own     
pr(ession or /age ( excell5ce possess$ a
 complete elevation ov] ! bulk ( ^? :o  
foll[$ ! same pursuits2 a sup]iority s  
visible1 s ackn[l$g$1 & s cle>ly        
individual1 t no "o else consid]$ x     
inf]iority1 /ill less felt %ame at n be+
 able to rise to ! same level4 ,!y ga!r 
r\nd !m ackn[l$g$ disciples & admir]s1  
:o r glory to h be5 guid$ by _! tea*+1 &
 =m$ on _! example4  ,& 9 :at consi/$ t 
complete ?\gh limit$ excell5ce8 ,if ,i  
might v5ture to express a judgm5t1 ,i   
w\ld say t g5ius 9 ^! diff]5t c\rses (  
sci5ce or art may be def9$ a natural    
sympa?y ) all t relates to ea* ( !m1 ) !
 p[] ( giv+ full & c]ta9 execution to ! 
m5tal conception4 ,! milit>y g5ius is "o
 :o1 ei!r untra9$ by /udi\s prep>ation1 
or else />t+ out ( ! l9es 9 :i* _m 7    
rang$ level ) himself1 seizes ! /aff (  
comm&1 & receives ! homage ( comrades & 

sup]iors4 ,:ile o!rs h be5 plodd+ ?r\gh 
! long drill ( !ory & ( practice1 he is 
f\nd to h discov]$ a new sy/em ( !      
sci5ce1 bold1 irregul>1 b successful4 ,b
 to possess ?is g5ius1 !re mu/ be a     
univ]sal sympa?y ) all t relates #eeh to
 its own peculi> prov9ce4 ,! milit>y    
g5ius ( :i* we are speak+ mu/ embrace or
 acquire t :i* relates to ! soldi]'s    
life & duty1 f ! dress ( a s+le soldi]1 
f 8 duties 9 ! s5try-box1 or on !       
picquet1 to ! practice ( ! regim5t & !  
evolutions ( a field-day2 f ! complete  
comm& ( t5s ( ?\s&s on ! battle-field1 )
 an eagle's eye & a lion's he>t1 to !   
sci5tific plann+1 on ! *essbo>d ( an    
empire1 ( ! campaign1 :i* he m$itates1  
move by move & *eck by *eck1 till ! f9al
 victory is cr[n$ 9 ! capital city4 ,he 
:o has n giv5 pro( ( 8 be+ equal to all 
?is1 has n made good 8 claim to milit>y 
g5ius4 ,b su* a "o w f9d1 :]ev] he puts 
8 h&1 g5]als & m>%als1 ea* able to comm&
 a ho/1 or to take 8 place 9 8 r\ghe/ ( 
ent]prises4  ,i ne$ n pass ?r\gh o!r =ms

 ( g5ius to rea* simil> results2        
,/eph5son1 f ! labor ( ! m9e1 creat+ t  
sy/em ( me*anical motion1 :i* may be    
said to h subdu$ ! _w1 & b\nd ! e>? 9   
iron l9ks2 ,moz>t giv+ conc]ts at ! age 
( sev5 t a/oni%$ gray-head$ musicians2  
,raphael1 be=e ! ord9>y age ( f9i%$     
pupilage1 ma/] ( e kn[n detail 9 art (  
oil or fresco1 draw+1 expression1 & gr& 
composition2 ,giotto1 caught 9 ! field z
 a "y %eph]d by ,cimabue1 draw+ 8 %eep  
^u a /one1 & soon becom+ ! ma/] ( mod]n 
art4  ,footnote #ajg ,^! & _m o!rs      
repeat to u :at ,i h said ( ! milit>y   
g5ius--an inborn capacity1 compreh5sive 
& complete1 ) ! p[] ( fully c>ry+ out ! 
sugge/ions ( m9d4 ,_h !re be5 a s+le    
portion ( _! pursuits 9 :i* !y did n    
excel1 if ! result ( _! "w _h n exhibit$
 ! happy union & concord ( ! _m         
qualities requisite = its p]fection1 !y 
nev] w\ld h atta9$ ! attribution (      
g5ius4    ,footnote #ajg3 ,! e>ly       
manife/ation ( arti/ic p[] is s         
frequ5t & well kn[n1 t x w\ld be        

sup]flu\s to enum]ate   o!r in/ances4 ,!
 expression an*' io son pittore is      
become   prov]bial4 ,"o ( ! ,c>racci1 on
 be+ translat$ f an   inf]ior pr(ession 
to ! family /udio1 0 f\nd at once to    
possess ! pictorial skill ( 8 race4 ,at 
! pres5t1 ,m9tropp at   ,duesseldorf1 & 
,ack]mann at ,b]l91 are bo? in/ances ( v
 high   arti/s1 ! "o 9 draw+1 ! o!r 9   
sculpture1 bo? orig9ally   %eph]ds4  ,if
 ?is sympa?y ) "o bran* ( high] pursuits
 passes beyond x & associates ) x a     
simil> facility ( acquisition &         
execution 9 "s o!r & di/9ct art or      
sci5ce1 x is cle> t ! claim to g5ius is 
high] & m ext5sive4 ,raphael 0 be=e ! _w
 a pa9t]1 b he c\ld sc>cely h be5 s )\t 
embrac+ e o!r dep>tm5t ( art4 ,be=e !   
sci5ce ( p]spective 0 matur$ or popul>ly
 kn[n1 :51 9 consequ5ce1 defects are to 
be f\nd 9 ! disposition ( figures1 & 9 !
 adju/m5t ( a]ial di/ances1 ,footnote   
#ajh 8 ar*itecture %[s an in/9ctive     
famili>ity ) its rules & proportions2 a 
pro( t he possess$ an ar*itectural eye4 

,& consequ5tly ! "o /atue :i* he is     
suppos$ to h c>v$1 & ! "o palace :i* he 
is said to h built1 %[ h[ easily he c\ld
 h und]tak5 & execut$ beautiful works 9 
ei!r ( ^? two classes ( art4 ,9 ,orcagna
 & ,mi*elangelo we h ! ?ree bran*es (   
art supremely unit$2 & ! second ( ^!    
adds poetry & lit]ature to 8 arti/ic    
excell5ce4 ,9 l mann]1 ,leon>do has left
 pro( ( mo/ v>i$ & accurate me*anical z 
well z lit]>y g5ius4    ,footnote #ajh3 
,see ,mr4 ,lloyd's article on ,raphael's
 ,s*ool (   ,a!ns1 9 ,mr4 ,woodw>d's    
,f9e ,art ,qu>t]ly ,review1 ,janu>y1    
#ahfd1 p4 #fg4  ,x is evid5t1 h[ev]1 t  
:ile a g5ius has its po9t (             
conc5tration1 e remove f ?is1 ?\gh wid]1
 w be fa9t] & less complete4 ,we may    
describe x z ,%akespe>e himself         
describes glory1 & say3    ,g5ius is l a
 circle 9 ! wat]1   ,:i* nev] cease? to 
enl>ge itself1   ,till1 by broad        
spread+1 x disp]se to naught4           
7,h5ry ,,vi41 act i41 sc5e #c47  ,!     
sympa?ies ) m remote subjects & pursuits

 w be r ! means ( illu/ration1 adornm5t1
 & #eei pleas+ v>iety1 ?an = ! ess5tial 
requirem5ts ( ! pr9cipal aim4 ,b ?\gh   
less m9ute 9 _! application1 9 ! h& (   
g5ius !y w be wond]fully accurate & apt4
    ,,iv4  ,all t ,i h be5 say+ is      
applicable 9 ! mo/ complete & m>vell\s  
way to ,%akespe>e's g5ius4 ,8 sympa?ies 
are univ]sal1 p]fect 9 _! own imm$iate  
use1 inf9itely v>i$1 & /rik+ly          
beautiful1 :5 !y rea* remot] objects4 ,&
 h5ce1 ?\gh at fir/ sight he might be   
classifi$ among ^? :o h display$ a      
lit]>y g5ius1 he /ret*es 8 m9d & 8      
feel+s s beyond !m on e side1 t to him1 
almo/1 p]haps1 beyond any o!r man1 !    
simple di/9ctive1 )\t any qualification1
 belongs4 ,no "o ne$ fe> to call        
,%akespe>e simply a gr&1 a sublime      
g5ius4  ,! c5tre-po9t ( 8 sympa?ies is  
cle>ly 8 dramatic art4 ,f ?is !y exp&1 =
 _m degrees1 ) sc>ce p]ceptible         
dim9ution1 till !y lose !mselves 9 f>   
di/ant1 &1 to him1 unexplor$ space4 ,?is
 nucleus ( 8 g5ius has c]ta9ly nev] be5 

equall$ be=e or s9ce4 ,its ess5ce       
consi/s 9 :at is ! v s\l ( ! dramatic   
idea1 ! p[] to ?r[ himself into !       
situation1 ! circum/ances1 ! nature1 !  
acquir$ habits1 ! feel+s1 true or       
fictiti\s1 ( e "* :i* he introduces4    
,?is =ms1 9 fact1 ! mo/ p]fect (        
sympa?ies4 ,we d n1 ( c\rse1 use ! ^w 9 
t m usual s5se ( h>mony ( affection1 or 
cons5t ( feel+4 ,%akespe>e has sympa?y z
 complete = ,%ylock or ,iago z he z =   
,ar?ur or ,k+ ,le>4 ,= a "t he lives 9 !
 a/ute villa9 z 9 ! innoc5t *ild2 he    
works 8 entire p[] ( ?\ght into         
intricacies ( ! traitor's bra92 he makes
 8 he>t beat 9 concord ) ! usur]'s      
sangu9>y spite1 & !n1 l "s beautiful    
creature 9 ! animal _w1 draws himself   
out ( ! hateful evil1 & is himself aga92
 & able1 ev51 (t5 to hold 8 own noble & 
g5tle qualities z a mirror1 or exhibit !
 l(tie/1 ! mo/ g5]\s1 & amiable examples
 ( our nature4 ,& ?is is all done )\t   
/udy1 & app>5tly )\t ef=t4 ,8 inf9itely 
v>i$ *>act]s come naturally into _!     

places1 nev] = a mom5t lose _!          
proprieties1 _! p]sonality1 & ! exact   
flexibility :i* results f ! necess>y    
comb9ation 9 e man ( _m qualities4 ,f ! 
beg9n+ to ! end ea* "o is ! same1 yet   
reflect+ 9 himself ! lights & %ad[s :i* 
flit ar\nd him4  ,?is extraord9>y       
v]satility /&s 9 /rik+ contra/ ) !      
dramatic productions ( o!r c\ntries4 ,! 
,greek trag$ian is ,greek ?r\gh\t--8    
subjects1 8 my?ology1 8 s5t5ces1 play   
wond]fully inde$1 b yet re/rict$ly1 )9 a
 giv5 sph]e4 ,& ,rome is b ! imitator 9 
all its lit]ature ( its great mi/ress & 
model4    ,graiis eloquium1 ,gratis d$it
 ore rotundo1 ,musa loqui4  ,ev5 ?r\gh !
 ,fr5* s*ool1 ) ! /rict adhesion to !   
anci5t rule ( ! unities1 seems to h     
desc5d$ ! p>tiality = :at may be call$ !
 *a/ely classical subjects4 ,n s )      
,%akespe>e4  ,:o1 a /rang] might ask1 is
 ! man1 & :]e 0 he born1 & :]e does he  
live1 t n only 8 acts & sc5es are plac$ 
9 any age1 or 9 any l&1 b t he c fill 8 
/age ) ! v liv+ m5 ( ! "t & place       

repres5t$2 make !m move z easily z if he
 held !m 9 /r+s2 & make !m speak n only 
) g5]al con=mity to _! common position1 
b ) individual & di/9ctive propriety1 s 
t ea* is diff]5t f ! re/8 ,did he live 9
 anci5t ,rome1 /roll+ ! ,=um1 or climb+ 
! ,capitol2 he> anci5t matrons conv]se )
 mode/ dignity2 li/5 to conspirators    
among ! columns ( its porticos2 m+le    
among s5ators ar\nd ,pompey's #efj      
/atue2 or ) plebeians cr[d+ to he>      
,brutus or ,an?ony h>angue8 ,0 he "o    
accu/om$ to idle 9 ! piazza ( ,/4 ,m>k1 
or %oot 8 gondola "u ! ,rialto8 ,or 0 he
 a knight or ev5 ar*] 9 ! fields (      
,france or ,engl& dur+ ! p]iod ( !      
,plantag5ets or ,tudors1 & witness$ &   
wrote d[n ! great de$s ( ^? times1 &    
knew intimately & p]sonally ea* puissant
 "l :o di/+ui%$ himself by 8 valor1 by 8
 wisdom1 or ev5 by 8 crimes8 ,did he    
live 9 ! c\rts ( pr9ces1 p]*ance hold+  
"s (fice :i* enabl$ him to li/5 to !    
grave utt]ances ( k+s & _! c\nsellors1  
or to ! witty say+s ( c\rt je/]s8 ,did  

he consort ) bani%$ pr9ces1 & p>take (  
_! sports or _! suff]+s8 ,9 f9e1 did he 
live 9 great cities1 or 9 %eph]ds'      
cottages1 or 9 fields & woods2 & does he
 date f ,john & live on to ! eigh?      
,h5ry--a ?read connect+ 9 himself !     
diff]5t epo*s ( m$iaeval ,engl&8 ,"o    
w\ld almo/ say s2 or multiply "o man    
into _m1 ^: works h be5 unit$ "u "o man4
  ,?is ubiquity1 if we may s call x1 (  
,%akespe>e's sympa?ies1 con/itutes !    
unlimit$ ext5t & might ( 8 dramatic     
g5ius4 ,x w\ld be difficult to imag9e   
:]e a b\nd>y l9e c\ld at l5g? h be5     
drawn1 beyond :i* no?+ orig9al1 no?+    
new1 & no?+ beautiful1 c\ld be suppos$  
to h come =? f 8 m9d4 ,we are compell$  
to say t 8 g5ius 0 inexhau/ible4    ,v4 
,?is r>e & wond]ful faculty becomes m   
int]e/+ if we foll[ x into fur!r        
details4  ,i rememb] an anecdote (      
,g>rick1 :o1 9 company ) ano!r p]=m] (  
"s em95ce1 0 walk+ 9 ! c\ntry1 & ab\t to
 ent] a village4 ,let u pass (f1 said ! 
y\ng] com$ian to 8 m di/+ui%$ companion1

 z two intoxicat$ fell[s4 ,!y did s1    
app>5tly ) p]fect success1 be+ salut$ by
 ! je]s & abuse ( ! inhabitants4 ,:5 !y 
came =? at ! o!r end ( ! village1 !     
y\ng] p]=m] ask$ ,g>rick h[ he _h       
fulfill$ 8 "p4 ,v well1 0 ! reply1      
except t y 7 n p]fectly tipsy 9 y\r     
legs4  ,n[1 9 ,%akespe>e !re is no dang]
 ( a simil> defect4 ,:atev] 8 "* is     
int5d$ to be x is c>ri$ out to its v    
extremities4 ,no?+ is =gott51 no?+      
ov]look$4 ,_m ( y1 no d\bt1 are aw>e t a
 controv]sy has long exi/$ :e!r !       
madness ( ,hamlet is int5d$ by          
,%akespe>e to be real or simulat$4 ,if a
 dramati/ wi%$ to repres5t "o ( 8 p]sons
 z feign+ madness1 t assum$ condition   
w\ld be naturally desir$ by ! writ] to  
be z l z possible to ! real affliction4 
,if ! o!r p]sons associat$ ) him c\ld at
 once discov] t ! madness 0 put on1 (   
c\rse ! entire action w\ld be m>r$1 & ! 
object = :i* ! pret5d$ madness 0 design$
 w\ld be defeat$ by ! discov]y4 ,h[     
consummate mu/ be ! poet's art1 :o c h s

 skilfully describ$1 to ! m9ute/        
symptoms1 ! m5tal malady ( a great m9d1 
z to leave x unc]ta9 to ! pres5t day1   
ev5 among le>n$ physicians v]s$ 9 su*   
maladies1 :e!r ,hamlet's madness 0 real 
or assum$4  ,?is controv]sy may be said 
to h be5 br\ght to a close by "o ( !    
able/ among ^? 9 ,engl& :o h e          
opportunity ( /udy+ ! almo/ innum]able  
%ades ?r\gh :i* ali5ation ( m9d c pass4 
,footnote #aji ,& s delicate are !      
*angeful *>act]i/ics :i* ,%akespe>e     
describes1 t ,dr4 ,conolly consid]s t a 
tw(old =m ( #efa disease is plac$ be=e u
 9 ! ,dani% pr9ce4 ,he concludes t he 0 
labor+ "u real madness1 yet able to put 
on a fictiti\s & artificial d]angem5t = 
! purposes :i* he kept 9 view4 ,pass+   
?r\gh act by act & sc5e by sc5e1        
analyz+1 ) exp]i5c$ eye1 ea* new symptom
 z x occurs1 divid+ & anatomatiz+1 ) !  
f9e/ scalpel1 e fibre ( 8 bra91 he      
exhibits1 /ep by /ep1 ! transition>y    
*>act]s ( ! natural disease 9 a m9d     
naturally1 & by education1 great &      

noble1 b ?r[n (f 8 pivot by ! angui% ( 8
 suff]+s & ! /ra9 ( ar\s$ passion4 ,& to
 ?is is sup]add$ ano!r & n g5u9e        
affection1 :i* s]ves its turn ) t       
e/rang$ m9d :5 x suits x to act1 m      
especially t "p :i* ! natural ailm5t did
 n suffice =4 ,n[1 ,dr4 ,conolly        
consid]s ^! symptoms s accurately z well
 z m9utely describ$1 t he ?r[s out !    
conjecture t ,%akespe>e may h borr[$ !  
acc\nt ( !m f "s unkn[n pap]s by 8      
son-9-law1 ,dr4 ,hall4    ,footnote     
#aji3 ,a ,/udy ( ,hamlet1 by ,john      
,conolly1 ,m4,d41 ,london1   #ahfc4 ,9  
p4 #eb ! au?or quotes ,mr4 ,col]idge &  
,m4 ,killema9 z   hold+ ! op9ion t      
,%akespe>e has contriv$ to bl5d bo?     
7feign$ & real madness7 9 ! extraord9>y 
"* ( ,hamlet2   & to jo9 toge!r ! light 
( reason1 ! cunn+ ( int5tional   error1 
& ! involunt>y disord] ( a s\l4  ,b let 
x be rememb]$ t 9 ^? days m5tal ph5om5a 
7 by no means accurately exam9$ or      
g5]ally kn[n4 ,!re 0 b little att5tion  
paid to ! peculi> =ms ( monomania1 or to

 its treatm5t1 beyond re/ra9t & (t5     
cruelty4 ,! poor idiot 0 all[$1 if      
h>mless1 to w&] ab\t ! village or !     
c\ntry1 to drivel or gibb] amid/ ! teas+
 or ill-natur$ treatm5t ( boys or       
ru/ics4 ,! poor maniac 0 *a9$ or ti$ 9  
"s wret*$ out-h\se1 at ! m]cy ( "s      
he>tless gu>dian1 ) no protector b !    
con/able4 ,%akespe>e c\ld n be suppos$1 
9 ! little t[n ( ,/rat=d1 nor inde$ 9   
,london itself1 to h _h opportunities ( 
/udy+ ! influ5ce & ! appe>ance ( m5tal  
d]angem5t ( a high-m9d$ &               
f9ely-cultivat$ pr9ce4 ,h[ !n did       
,%akespe>e contrive to pa9t s           
highly-f9i%$ & yet s complex an image8  
,simply by ! ex]cise ( t /rong sympa!tic
 w :i* enabl$ him to transport1 or r to 
transmute1 himself into ano!r           
p]sonality4 ,:ile ?is "* 0 /rongly be=e 
him he *ang$ himself into a maniac2 he  
felt intuitively :at w\ld be 8 own      
?\ght1 :at 8 feel+s1 7 he 9 t situation2
 he play$ ) himself ! "p ( ! madman1 ) 8
 own gr& m9d z ! basis ( its action2 he 

grasp$ on e side ! imag]y :i* he felt   
w\ld h come into 8 m9d1 beautiful ev5 :5
 dislord$1 sublime ev5 :5 x 0 grovell+1 
brilliant ev5 :5 dull$1 & clo!d x 9     
words ( fire & ( t5d]ness1 ) a v>i$     
rapidity :i* p>takes ( wildness & (     
s5se4 ,he ne$$ n to look = a model out (
 himself1 = x co/ him no ef=t to *ange !
 angle ( 8 mirror & sket* 8 own         
c\nt5ance awry4 ,x 0 b little = him to  
pluck away ! cr[n f reason & contemplate
 x de?ron$4  ,be=e tak+ leave ( ,dr4    
,conolly's mo/ int]e/+ monography1 ,i w 
all[ myself to make only "o rem>k4 ,hav+
 det]m9$ to repres5t ,hamlet 9 ?is      
anomal\s & p]plex+ condition1 x 0 ( !   
utmo/ importance to ! c\rse & end ( ?is 
sublime drama1 t "o pr9cipal incid5t    
%\ld be mo/ decisively sep>at$ f        
,hamlet's rev]se ( m9d4 ,_h x be5       
possible to attribute ! appe>ance ( !   
,gho/1 z ! ,que51 8 "m1 does attribute x
 9 ! fif? act1 to ! delusion ( 8        
bewild]$ phantasy1 ! :ole gr\ndwork ( ! 
drama w\ld h crumbl$ b5ea? its          

sup]9cumb5t weight4 ,_h ! spectre be5   
se5 by ,hamlet1 or by him fir/1 we %\ld 
h be5 p]petually tr\bl$ ) ! d\bt :e!r or
 n x 0 ! halluc9ation ( a di/ract$1 or !
 inv5tion ( a deceitful bra94 ,b        
,%akespe>e felt ! necessity ( mak+ ?is  
app>ition be held = a reality1 & !re=e  
he makes x ! v fir/ incid5t 9 8 trag$y1 
antec$5t to ! slighte/ symptom #efb (   
ei!r natural or affect$ d]angem5t1 &    
makes x fir/ be se5 by two witnesses    
toge!r1 & !n conjo9tly by a ?ird        
unbeliev+ & fe>less witness4 ,x is !    
te/imony ( ^! ?ree :i* fir/ br+s to ! k 
( ! incr$ul\s pr9ce ?is extraord9>y     
occurr5ce4 ,"o may d\bt :e!r any o!r    
writ] has ev] made a gho/ appe>         
successively to ^? :om we may call !    
wrong p]sons1 be=e %[+ himself to ! "o  
:om alone he c>$ to visit4 ,!           
extraord9>y exig5cies ( ,%akespe>e's    
plot r5d]$ necess>y ?is unusual fiction4
 ,& x s]ves1 moreov]1 to give ! only    
color ( ju/ice to acts :i* o!rwise mu/ h
 appe>$ unqualifi$ z mad freaks or      

frightful crimes4  ,:at ,dr4 ,conolly   
has done = ,hamlet & ,ophelia1 ,dr4     
,bucknill _h previ\sly p]=m$ on a m     
ext5sive scale4 ,9 8 ,psy*ology (       
,%akespe>e  ,footnote #aaj he has       
m9utely inve/igat$ ! m5tal condition (  
,macbe?1 ,k+ ,le>1 ,timon1 & o!r        
*>act]s4 ,on ,hamlet he seems incl9$ to 
take a diff]5t view f ,dr4 ,conolly2    
inasmu* z he consid]s ! simulat$ madness
 ! pr9cipal feature1 & ! natural        
uns\ndness :i* x is impossible to       
ov]look z second>y4 ,b ?is em95t        
physician1 well kn[n = 8 ext5sive /udies
 ( insanity1 be>s simil> te/imony to !  
extraord9>y accuracy ( ,%akespe>e's     
del9eations ( m5tal diseases2 ! nicety )
 :i* he traces _! v>i\s /eps 9 "o       
individual1 ! accuracy ) :i* he         
di/+ui%es ^! morbid affections 9 diff]5t
 p]sons4 ,he seems unable to acc\nt = ! 
exact m9ut5ess 9 any o!r way ?an by     
ext]nal obs]vation4 ,he ackn[l$ges t    
indef9able possession ( g5ius1 call x   
spiritual tact or insight1 or :atev] t]m

 may sugge/ itself1 by :i* ! great lords
 ( m9d e/imate all phases ( m9d ) little
 aid f reflect$ light1 z ! m5tal        
in/rum5t ?r\gh :i* ,%akespe>e look$ ^u  
o!rs at a di/ance or )9 rea* ( m9ute    
obs]vation4 ,/ill he seems to ?9k t     
,%akespe>e mu/ h _h _m opportunities (  
obs]v+ m5tal ph5om5a4 ,i own ,i am m    
incl9$ to ?9k t ! process by :i* ! g5ius
 ( ,%akespe>e rea*$ ?is pa9ful yet      
/range accuracy 0 r t ( introv]sion ?an 
( ext]nal obs]vation4 ,at any rate1 x is
 mo/ int]e/+ to see em95t physicians    
ma9ta9+ by "s means or o!r t ,%akespe>e 
arriv$ by "s sort ( intuition at !      
possession ( a psy*ological or ev5      
m$ical k1 fully v]ifi$ & prov$ to be    
exact by ! rese>*es two c5turies lat] ( 
di/+ui%$ m5 9 a sci5ce only rec5tly     
develop$4 ,mrs4 ,jameson has well       
di/+ui%$ ! diff]5t =ms ( m5tal ab]ration
 9 ,%akespe>e's *>act]s1 :5 %e says t   
,con/ance is frantic1 ,le> is mad1      
,ophelia is insane4   ,footnote #aaa    
,footnote #aaj3 ,pages #eh & #ajj4      

,footnote #aaa3 ,*>act]i/ics ( ,wom54   
,new ,york #ahcc1 p4 #adb4   ,,vi4  ,?is
 la/ quotation may s]ve to introduce a  
fur!r & a m delicate te/ ( ,%akespe>e's 
insight into "*4 ,t a man %\ld be able  
to ?r[ himself into a v>iety ( m9d &    
*>act]s among 8 fell[-m51 may be n      
unreasonably expect$4 ,he has naturally 
a community ( feel+s1 ( passions1 (     
temptations1 & ( motives ) !m4 ,he c    
und]/& :at is c\rage1 :at ambition1 :at 
/r5g? or feebl5ess ( m9d4 ,inw>d        
obs]vation & matur$ exp]i5ce help mu* to
 guide him to a conception & del9eation 
( ! "* ( 8 fell[-m54 ,b ( ! /rong]      
emotions1 ! wild] passions1 ! subdu$    
g5tl5ess & t5d]ness1 ! h]oic endurance1 
! meek be>+1 & ! sa9tly pati5ce ( !     
woman1 he c h _h no exp]i5ce4 ,look+    
into himself = a reflection1 he w       
probably f9d a blank4  #efc  ,x has (t5 
be5 said t 9 8 female *>act]s ,%akespe>e
 is n equal to himself4 ,! "w to :i* ,i 
h j allud$ meets1 ,i ?9k completely1 ?is
 objection1 :i*1 ,i believe1 ev5        

,s*legel raises4 ,x requir$ a lady1 )   
m9d highly cultivat$1 ) ! nice/ p[]s (  
discrim9ation1 & ) happ9ess (           
expression1 to v9dicate at once         
,%akespe>e & h] sex4 ,! difficulty ( ?is
 task c h>dly be appreciat$ )\t ! /udy (
 its p]=mance4 ,its great difficulty    
consi/s 9 ! almo/ family resemblance ( !
 diff]5t portraits :i* make up          
,%akespe>e's female gall]y4 ,!re is     
sc>cely any room = ev5ts1 ev5 = incid5t1
 /ill less = actions1 say = bold &      
unfem99e de$s4 ,sev]al ( ! h]o9es (     
,%akespe>e are subject$ to simil>       
p]secutions1 & almo/ ! same trials4 ,9  
almo/ e "o ! affections & _! expression 
h alone to int]e/ u4 ,f ,mir&a1 !       
des]t-nurtur$ *ild 9 ! simplicity (     
untempt$ innoc5ce1 to ,isabella 9 h]    
cloi/]$ virtue1 or ,h]mione 9 h]        
unyield+ =titude--!re are su* %ades1 su*
 v>y+ yet delicate t9ts1 t n two ( ^!   
num]\s conceptions c be said to resemble
 ano!r4 ,& :5ce did ,%akespe>e d]ive 8  
models8 ,"s are l(ty que5s1 o!rs mo/    

noble ladies1 "s =eign]s1 "s native2    
diff]5t types 9 m9d & he>t1 z 9 !       
l9eam5t or complexion4 ,:]e did he f9d  
!m8 ,:]e did he meet !m8 ,9 ! cottages (
 ,/rat=d1 or 9 ! purlieus ( ,blackfri>s8
 ,among ! ladies ( ! c\rt1 or 9 !       
audi5ce 9 8 pit8 ,no "o c say--no "o ne$
 say4 ,!y 7 ! =mations ( 8 own quick5$ &
 f]tile bra91 :i* requir$ b "o /roke1 "o
 l9e1 to sket* him a portrait to :i* he 
w\ld give immortality4 ,f> m difficult 0
 ?is success1 & n less completely 0 x   
a*iev$1 9 t "* :i* m$ical writ]s seem   
h>dly to believe c\ld be b a conception4
 ,we may comp>e ! m9d ( ,%akespe>e to a 
diamond pellucid1 bright1 & unt9t$1 cut 
into c\ntless poli%$ facets1 :i*1 9     
con/ant movem5t1 at e smalle/ *ange (   
direction or ( angle caught a new       
reflection1 s t n "o ( its brilliant    
mirrors c\ld be = a mom5t idle1 b by a  
p[] beyond its control 0 ev] busy ) !   
reflection ( innum]able images1 ei!r    
di/9ct or runn+ into "o ano!r1 or       
repeat$ ea* s cle>ly z to all[ him1 :5  

he *ose1 to fix x 9 8 memory4    ,,vii4 
,we may safely conclude t1 9 :atev]     
con/itutes ! dramatic art 9 its /ricte/ 
s5se1 ,%akespe>e possess$ mat*less      
sympa?ies ) all its attributes4 ,! next 
& mo/ ess5tial quality requir$ = true   
g5ius is ! p[] to give outw>d life to ! 
inw>d conception4 ,)\t ?is ! poet is    
dumb4 ,he may be a mute1 +lori\s        
,milton2 he _c be a speak+1 noble       
,%akespe>e4 ,i %\ld ?9k t ,i 0 almo/    
insult+ su* an audi5ce1 7 ,i to descant 
^u ,%akespe>e's position among ! b>ds & 
writ]s ( ,engl&1 & ( ! mod]n _w4 ,^u ?is
 po9t !re c sc>cely be a diss5ti5t      
op9ion4 ,8 language is ! pure/ & be/1 8 
v]ses ! mo/ fl[+ & ri*2 & z = 8         
s5tim5ts1 x w\ld be difficult )\t !     
comm& ( 8 own language to *>act]ize !m4 
,no o!r writ] has ev] giv5 su* p]iods ( 
s5t5ti\s wisdom4  4 4 4 4 4  ,i h spok5 
( g5ius z a gift to an individual man4  
,i w conclude by ! reflection t t man   
becomes himself a gift2 a gift to 8     
nation2 a gift to 8 age2 a gift to ! _w 

( all times4 ,t same ,provid5ce :i*     
be/[s greatness1 maje/y1 abundance1 &   
grace1 no less pres5ts1 f "t to "t1 to a
 p or a race1 ^! few transc5d5t m5 :o   
m>k = x #efd p]iods no less decisively1 
?\gh m nobly1 ?an victories or conque/s4
 ,on ,engl& t supreme p[] has lavi%$ !  
*oice/ bless+s ( ?is worldly life2 x has
 made x va/ 9 dom9ion1 mat*less 9 /r5g?2
 x has made x ! arbit] ( ! e>?1 &       
mi/ress ( ! sea2 x has made x able to   
/ret* its arm = w> to ! savage          
antipodes1 &1 if x *ose1 its h& = peace 
to ! utt] civiliz$ we/2 x has br\ght !  
produce ( nor? & s\? to its feet ) skill
 & p[]1 to trans=m & to refa%ion 9 =ms  
graceful or useful1 to s5d !m back1     
almo/ z new creations1 to its v s\rce4  
,indu/ry has clo!d its mo/ b>r5 pla9s ) 
luxuriant crops1 & ) ,titan boldness    
holl[$ its /]ne/ rocks1 to plund] !m (  
_! ev]-hidd5 treasures4 ,its gigantic   
/r5g? seems b to play ) e "w (          
v5turesome ent]prise1 till its cities   
seem to ! /rang] to ov]fl[ ) ri*es1 &   

its c\ntry to be ov]spread ) exub]ant   
prosp]ity4  ,well1 ^! are great &       
magnific5t favors ( an ov]-rul+1 mo/    
b5ignant ,p[]2 & yet !re is a boa/ :i*  
belongs to our c\ntry t may seem to be  
ov]look$4 ,yet x is a d\ble gift t t    
same creat+ & direct+ rule has made ?is 
c\ntry ! bir?place & ! seat ( ! two m5  
:o1 )9 a %ort p]iod1 7 made ! rul]s ea* 
( a great & sep>ate intellectual        
dom9ion1 nev] to be depos$1 nev] to be  
rivall$1 nev] to be envi$4 ,to ,newton 0
 giv5 ! sway ov] ! sci5ce ( ! civiliz$  
_w2 to ,%akespe>e ! sov]eignty ov] its  
lit]ature4  ,! "o /&s be=e u passionless
 & grave1 embrac+ 9 8 intellectual      
gr&eur e portion ( ! univ]se1 f ! />s1  
to him invisible1 to ! rippl+ ( ! t9y   
waves :i* ! tide br\ght to 8 feet4 ,!   
ho/ ( heav51 t seem$ 9 causeless        
disp]sion1 he m>%all$ into ord]1 & b\nd 
9 safe/ discipl9e4 ,he made kn[n to 8   
fell[-m5 ! secret laws ( heav51 ! spr+s 
( movem5t1 & ! *a9s ( connection1 :i*   
inv>iably & un*angeably impel & guide ! 

c\rse ( its _m worlds4  ,9 ?is aspect   
"o's imag9ation figures him z truly !   
director ( :at he only describes--z !   
lead] ( a complicat$ army1 :o1 ) 8 /aff1
 seems to draw or to s5d =w>d ! :eel+   
battalions1 int5t on _! own err&s1      
comb9+ or resolv+ movem5ts f> remote2   
or1 "u a m b5ign & pleas+ =m1 we may    
contemplate him1 l a great ma/] 9       
musical sci5ce1 /&+ 9 ! mid/ ( a ?rong1 
9 :i* are m+l$ toge!r ! elem5ts (       
sublime/ h>monies1 confus$ to ! eye1 b  
sweetly attun$ to ! e>1 m+l+ into ord]ly
 comb9ation & fl[+ sequ5ce1 z !y float  
?r\gh ! air1 :i*1 ?\gh he elicit n nor  
produce1 he seems by 8 out/ret*$ h& to  
direct1 or1 at lea/1 he proves himself  
fully to und]/&4 ,= :at ea* "o sep>ately
 does1 unconsci\s ( :at ev5 8 companion 
is do+1 he f af> kn[s1 & almo/ beholds1 
und]/&+ f 8 c5tre ! conc]t$ & sure      
results ( _! unit$ action4 ,& s ,newton1
 f 8 *amb] on ?is little e>?1 )\t be+   
able m ?an ! mo/ helpless insect to add 
p[] or give guidance to "o s+le elem5t 9

 ! composition ( ?is univ]se1 c\ld trace
 ! orbits ( planet or satellite1 &      
calculate ! oscillations & ! reciprocal 
influ5ces ( cele/ial sph]es4  ,!n 8     
direct+ w& seems to contract itself to a
 space )9 8 grasp4 ,x becomes t magic   
prism ) :i* he int]cepts a ray f ! sun  
on 8 passage to e>?2 & z a bird seizes 9
 its flight ! bee lad5 ) its honey1 &   
robs x ( its sweet treasure--ev5 s he   
compels ! mess5g] ( light to unfold     
itself be=e u1 & lay b>e to our sight ! 
ri* colors :i* ! ra9b[ _h exhibit$ to   
man s9ce ! deluge1 & :i* _h la9 conceal$
 s9ce creation1 9 e sunbeam t _h pass$  
?r\gh our atmosph]e4 ,& fur!r /ill1 he  
bequea!s t wond]ful alembic ( light #efe
 to succe$+ g5]ations1 till1 9 ! h& (   
new discov]]s1 x has become ! key (     
nature's laboratory1 9 :i* %e has be5   
surpris$ melt+ & comp\nd+1 9 crucibles  
huge z ocean1 ! ri* hues ) :i* %e       
ov]lays ! surfaces ( suns & />s1 yet1 at
 ! same "t1 brea!s its delicate blu% ^u 
! t5d]e/ petals ( ! op5+ rose4  ,& all !

 laws & all ! rules :i* =m 8 code (     
nature seem engrav$1 z ) a diamond po9t1
 ^u a granite surface ( ! primitive     
rocks--inflexible1 immovable1           
un*angeable z ! sy/em :i* !y repres5t4  
,beside him /&s ! ,rul] ( t _w1 :i*1    
?\gh ev5 sublimely intellectual1 is     
gov]n$ by him ) laws 9 :i* ! affections1
 ev5 ! passions1 ! moralities1 & !      
anxieties ( life h _! %>e2 9 :i* !re is 
no sev]ity b = vice1 no slav]y b =      
bas5ess1 no un=giv+ness b = calculat+   
wick$ness4 ,9 8 h& is n ! /aff (        
au?ority1 :e!r x take ! =m ( a royal    
sceptre or ( a knightly lance1 :e!r x be
 ! %eph]dess's crook or ! fool's bauble1
 x is /ill ! same1 ! magician's w&4     
,:e!r x be ! div9+ rod ) :i* he draws up
 to light ! mo/ hidd5 /reams ( nature's 
emotions1 or ! pot5tial in/rum5t (      
,prosp]o's spells1 :i* raises /orms 9 ! 
deep or works _s-music 9 ! air1 or !    
wick$ implem5t ) :i* ! wit*es m+le _!   
unholy *>m1 its cunn+ & its might h no  
limit among creat$ ?+s4 ,b x is n a _w (

 /ately ord] :i* he rules1 nor are !    
laws ( unv>y+ rigor by :i* x is comm&$4 
,! wilde/ p>oxysms ( passion2 ! s(te/   
delicacy ( emotions2 ! mo/ extravagant  
accid5t ( =tune2 ! t5d]e/ incid5ts (    
home2 ! k+ & ! begg>1 ! sage & ! je/]1 !
 tyrant & 8 victim2 ! maid5 f ! cloi/] &
 ! peasant f ! m\nta9s2 ! ,italian      
s*ool-*ild & ! ,roman matron2 ! pr9ces (
 ,d5m>k & ! lords ( ,troy--all ^! & mu* 
m are compris$ 9 ! va/ embrace ( 8      
dom9ions4 ,sc>cely a rule c be drawn f  
!m1 yet ea* =ms a model sep>ately1 a    
f9i%$ gr\p 9 comb9ation4 ,unconsci\sly z
 he weaves 8 "w1 app>5tly )\t patt]n or 
design1 he int]laces & comb9es 9 its    
surface & its dep? images ( ! mo/ *>m+  
v>iety & beauty2 n[ ! /]n mosaic1 )\t   
color+1 ( an anci5t pavem5t1 n[ ! fl[+ &
 int]tw9+ arabesque ( ! fanciful ea/2 n[
 ! rude sc5es ( anci5t m$iaeval tape/ry 
l t ( ,beauvais1 & !n ! f9i%$ & ri*ly   
t9t$ production ( ! ,gobel9s loom4  ,&  
yet ?r\gh ?is seem+ *aos ! light        
p]meates1 & t s cle> & s brilliant z    

equally to def9e & to dazzle4 ,e        
portion1 e fragm5t1 e p>ticle1 /&s =?   
sep>ate & p>ticul>1 s z to be h&l$1     
measur$1 & weigh$ 9 ! balance ( critic &
 poet4 ,ea* has its own exact =m &      
accurate place1 s t1 :ile sep>ately !y  
are beautiful1 unit$ !y are p]fect4     
,h5ce _! comb9ations h become sacr$     
rules1 & h giv5 inviolable maxims n only
 to ,engli% b to univ]sal lit]ature4    
,g]many1 z we h se51 /udies ) love &    
almo/ v5]ation e page ( ,%akespe>e2     
national sympa?ies & k9dr$ spee* make x 
n m]ely easy b natural to all p ( !     
,teutonic family to assimilate _!       
lit]ature to t its highe/ /&>d4 ,france 
has dep>t$1 or is fa/ dep>t+1 f its     
favorite classical type1 & adopt+1 ?\gh 
) unequal p[]1 ! broad] & m natural l9es
 ( ! ,%akespe>ian model4 ,8 practice is 
an example1 8 decl>ations are oracles4  
,/ill1 z ,i h said1 ! wide region (     
intellectual enjoym5t ov] :i* our great 
b>d ex]ts dom9ion1 is n "o p>cell$ out  
or divid$ into =mal & /ate-l prov9ces4  

,:ile ! /ud5t ( sci5ce is read+ 9 8 #eff
 *amb] ! great ,pr9cipia ( ,newton1 he  
mu/ keep be=e him ! solution ( only "o  
problem4 ,on t 8 m9d mu/ undi/ract$ly   
re/1 on t 8 p[] ( ?\ght be int5sely     
conc5trat$4 ,woe to him if imag9ation   
leads 8 reason into truant w&]+s2 woe if
 he drop ! ?read ( f9ely-drawn          
d$uctions6 ,he w f9d 8 we>i$ intellig5ce
 dr[sily fl\nd]+ 9 a sea ( swimm+       
figures & evanesc5t quantities1 or      
float+ amid/ ! fragm5ts ( a %ipwreck$   
diagram4 ,b ov] ,%akespe>e "o may dream 
no less ?an pore2 we may drop ! book f  
our h& & ! cont5ts rema9 equally be=e u4
 ,/ret*$ 9 ! %ade by a brook 9 summ]1 or
 sunk 9 ! read+ *air by ! he>? 9 w9t]1 9
 ! imag9ative vigor ( heal?1 9 ! droop+ 
spirits ( indisposition1 "o may read1 & 
all[ ! tra9s ( fancy :i* spr+ up 9 any  
sc5e to pursue _! own way1 & m9i/] _!   
own v>i$ pleasure or relief2 & :5 by    
degrees we h become famili> ) !         
inexhau/ible res\rces ( 8 g5ius1 !re is 
sc>cely a want 9 m9d or ! affections t  

ne$s no high] ?an human succor1 :i* w n 
f9d 9 "o or o!r ( 8 works t :i* w soo!  
suff]+1 com=t grief1 /r5g!n good        
desires1 & pres5t "s maje/ic example to 
copy1 or "s fe>ful phantom4 ,b :5 we    
endeavor to contemplate all 8 inf9itely 
v>i$ conceptions z bl5d$ toge!r 9 "o    
picture1 s z to take 91 if possible1 at 
"o glance ! prodigi\s ext5t ( 8 prolific
 g5ius1 we !reby build up :at he himself
 s beautifully call$ ! fabric ( a       
vision1 mat*less 9 its ar*itecture z 9 !
 air9ess ( its mat]ials4 ,!re are =ms   
fanta/ically sket*$ 9 cl\d-%apes1 su* z 
,hamlet %[$ to ,polonius1 9 ! mid/ (    
o!rs r\nd$ & full1 :i* op5 & unfold     
ev]-*ang+ v>ieties1 n[ gloomy & ?reat5+1
 !n tipp$ ) gold & t9t$ ) azure1        
ev]-roll+1 ev]-mov+1 melt+ ! "o into !  
o!r1 or extricat+ ea* itself f ! g5]al  
mass4 ,dwell+ ^u ?is maze ( ?+s &       
imag9ations1 ! mo/ incongru\s           
comb9ations come be=e ! dreamy ?\ght1   
fasc9at$1 spell-b\nd1 & entranc$4 ,!    
wild ,ard5nes & ,w9dsor ,p>k seem to run

 into "o ano!r1 _! firs & _! oaks m+le  
toge!r2 ! boi/]\s ocean boil+ r\nd !    
/ill vex$ ,b]moo!s runs smoo?ly into !  
lagoons ( ,v5ice2 ! old gray porticos ( 
republican ,rome1 l ! transition 9 a    
dissolv+ view1 are confus$ & entangl$ ) 
! slim & flut$ pill>s ( a ,go?ic hall2  
"h ! gold5 orb1 dropp$ f ! h& ( a       
captive k+1 rolls on ! gr\nd side by    
side ) a je/]'s m\ldy skull--bo? emblems
 ( a common fate 9 human ?+s4 ,!n !     
grave *ief-ju/ice seems incorporat$ 9 ! 
bloat$ ,fal/aff2 ,k+ ,john & 8 b>ons are
 wassail+ ) ,po9s & ,b>dolph at an inn  
door2 ,coriolanus & ,%ylock are cont5d+ 
= ! "r ( human s5sibilities2 ,macbe? &  
,jacques are moraliz+ toge!r on t5d]ness
 ev5 to ! brute4 ,& s ( o!r m delicate  
creations ( ! poet's m9d--,isabella &   
,ophelia1 ,desdemona & ! ,scot* ,?ane's 
wife1 produce respectively composite    
figures ( inextricable confusion4 ,&    
ar\nd & above is t filmy _w1 ,ariel &   
,titania & ,peas-blossom & ,cobweb &    
,mo?1 :o weave z a gossam] cl\d ar\nd ! 

vision1 dimm+ x gradually be=e our eyes1
 9 ! la/ droop+ ( we>9ess1 or ! la/ h\r 
( wakefulness4  99 99 99 99 99 99 99    
#efg  ,,miscellany4   ,,art4            
,dome/ic4--,! s\? gall]y ( ! new academy
 is ! l>ge/ & be/ light$ ( ! sev]al     
exhibition rooms1 & conta9s "s ( ! mo/  
ambiti\s pictures ( ! ye>4 ,z ! visitor1
 paus+ = a mom5t to survey ! pa9t+s1    
draw+s1 /udies1 ar*itectural designs1 & 
miscellanea :i* are hung ar\nd ! f\r    
sides ( ! op5 corridor at ! head ( ! gr&
 /aircase1 turns naturally into ! great 
gall]y1 ?r\gh ^: wide entrance he cat*es
 glimpses ( ! art treasures )91 s d we  
propose to conduct ! read] ?i!r )\t     
fur!r p>ley4 ,"h confront u specim5s (  
almo/ e subject legitimate to ! art1 & (
 "s n legitimate--great pictures &      
little pictures1 grave pictures & gay   
pictures1 l&scape & g5re1 hi/ory &      
portraiture1 bea/s1 birds1 fi%es1 &     
fl[]s4 ,at ei!r end ( ! room hangs a    
full-l5g? portrait ( a g5tleman ( note1 
:i* *all5ges ! visitor's att5tion1 be he

 nev] s reluctant4 ,no4 #dfd1 ! late    
,gov]nor ,gamble1 ( ,miss\ri1 by        
,f4,t4,l4 ,boyle1 belongs to a family   
only too num]\s among u 7we speak ( !   
picture only71 & ^: acqua9tance "o feels
 /rongly incl9$ to cut 9 ! pres5t       
in/ance4 ,b t is impossible4 ,!re /&s ! 
famili> lay-figure 9 ! old conv5tional  
attitude1 :i* we feel sure ! gov]nor    
nev] assum$ ( 8 own accord4 ,! m>ble    
columns1 ! drap$ curta91 ! libr>y table 
& ! books--all ! /ock accessories 9     
f9e--are !re2 & ei!r = ! purpose ( po9t+
 a moral1 ( in/itut+ a p]sonal          
comp>ison1 or ( call+ att5tion to its   
workman%ip1 ! gov]nor bl&ly directs y\r 
att5tion to a bu/ ( ,wa%+ton4 ,he might 
be int5d+ to d any "o or all ( ^! ?+s s 
f> z ! expression ( 8 face af=ds an     
indication4 ,! idea on :i* ! portrait is
 pa9t$ is ?or\ghly false1 & ought to be 
by ?is "t disc>d$2 b ye> aft] ye> arti/s
 cont9ue to m9t ^! modi%1 /iff1 &       
ridicul\s figures1 :5 ) a little reg>d  
to common s5se !y c\ld produce portraits

 :i* all w\ld recognize z natural &     
effective4 ,especially is ?is ! case ) !
 pres5t picture1 :i* ev9ces consid]able 
executive ability4 ,! o!r portrait to   
:i* we allud$1 ,no4 #dab1 a full l5g? ( 
,ex-,gov]nor ,morgan1 pa9t$ by          
,hunt+ton1 = ! ,gov]nor's ,room 9 !     
,city ,hall1 is "o ( ! lea/ cr$itable   
works ev] produc$ by t arti/1 cold &    
repulsive 9 color1 awkw>d 9 attitude1 & 
unsatisfactory z a lik5ess4  ,occupy+ a 
less prom95t position ?an ei!r ( ^!     
pictures1 b conspicu\s en\gh to attract 
a l>ge %>e ( att5tion1 is ! full-l5g?   
portrait ( ,ar*bi%op ,mc,closkey1 ,no4  
#dch1 by ,g4,p4,a4 ,healy4 ,mr4 ,healy1 
?\gh nev] v happy z a colori/ & (t5     
dispos$ to sacrifice *>act]i/ic         
expression to a passion = pa9t+ brocades
 & drap]ies1 has g5]ally succe$$ 9      
imp>t+ a ref9$ air to 8 portraits1 h[ev]
 feeble !y might be z lik5esses4 ,!     
pres5t "w is co>se 9 expression1 &      
untrue z a lik5ess4 ,x is a mi/ake to   
suppose t a free1 rapid t\* is adapt$ to

 e /yle ( face4 ,! small & delicate     
features ( ! ar*bi%op1 ) _! %rewd1 yet  
ref9$ & b5evol5t expression1 _c be da%$ 
(f ) a few /rokes ( ! bru%1 b require   
c>eful pa9t+1 &1 above all1 pati5t      
pa9t+4 ,mr4 ,healy's portrait ( ,dr4    
,br[nson 9 la/ ye>'s exhibition1 ?\gh ( 
little m]it z a pa9t+1 0 mu* bett] ?an  
?is4 ,no4 #ddh1 a portrait ( ! late     
,peletiah ,p]it1 by ,hicks1 is "o ( !   
mo/ cr$itable specim5s ( t v unequal    
pa9t] t we h rec5tly se54 ,mr4 ,p]it is 
sitt+ easily & naturally 9 8 libr>y     
*air1 & is n made to assume ! attitude (
 a po/ure-ma/] = ! "t be+1 9 ord] t     
po/]ity may "k h[ he did n look 9 life4 
,! lik5ess is n rem>kable2 b !          
accessories are c>efully pa9t$ &        
agreeably color$4 ,no4 #dbc1 portrait ( 
a lady1 by ,r4,m4 ,/aigg1 is exactly :at
 x assumes to be--a lady4 ,9 ! ref9$ air
 ( ! g5tlewoman :i* ! arti/ has s       
happily convey$1 he recalls "s ( !      
female heads ( ,/u>t1 ?\gh 9 ! pres5t   
in/ance he _h no wide scope = ! display 

#efh ( ,/u>t's *>m+ gift ( color4 ,!    
resemblance is m 9 ! g5]al s5tim5t ?an 9
 any te*nical qualities4 ,almo/ adjo9+  
?is "w is ano!r portrait ( a lady1 ,no4 
#dbe1 by ,w4,h4 ,furness1 a =cible      
example ( ! naturali/ic s*ool1 ( great  
solidity ( texture & purity ( color4    
,!re is intellig5ce1 e>ne/ness1 & /r5g? 
9 ?is face1 & 9 ! attitude1 ?\gh !      
latt]1 z well z ! accessories1 is       
/udi\sly simple4 ,bak] & ,/one          
contribute "s attractive portraits to   
?is room4 ,no4 #ded1 a lady1 by ! latt]1
 is a good specim5 ( a /yle nei!r /rong 
nor f\nd$ on true pr9ciples1 b :i*1 on  
acc\nt ( a c]ta9 conv5tional            
gracefulness1 :i* amply satisfies ^? :o 
look no deep] ?an ! surface ( ! canvas1 
w always f9d admir]s4 ,no4 #deh1 a      
portrait ( ,capt4 ,riblett1 ( ! ,new    
,york #g? ,regim5t1 by ,bak]1 is a clev]
 "w1 noticeable = ! easy pose ( !       
figure1 ! cle> fre% color+1 & ! firm    
h&l+4  ,two o!r portrait pieces may be  
notic$ 9 ?is room1 ( v opposite degrees 

( m]it4 ,!y illu/rate a me?od ( treat+  
?is bran* ( ! art :i* has become popul> 
( late ye>s1 & :i* seeks to comb9e      
portraiture ) g5re2 t is to say1 !      
figures repres5t real p]sonages1 b to ! 
un9itiat$ seem m]ely ! actors 9 "s      
little dome/ic sc5e4 ,any subject v]g+  
on ! dramatic is ( c\rse inappropriate  
to ?is me?od4 ,?us ! /iffness too (t5   
insep>able f portraiture & its          
unsympa!tic "* to a /rang] are avoid$1 &
 ! g5tlem5 & ladies :o h monopoliz$ s   
mu* space on ! walls awak5 an int]e/ 9 a
 wid] circle ?an :5 appe>+ simply 9 _!  
prop] p]sons4 ,no4 #dda1 ,a ,picnic 9 ! 
,highl&s1 by ,rossit]1 pres5ts u )      
portraits ( "s tw5ty ladies & g5tlem51  
includ+ a fair proportion ( g5]als1 :o h
 be5 ru?lessly summon$ f ! pleasures ( !
 rural banquet or ( social int]c\rse to 
place !mselves 9 attitudes :i* a        
travell+ photograph] w\ld blu% to copy1 
& be ?us h&$ d[n to po/]ity4 ,9 submitt+
 to ?is dreadful process ,g5]als ,w>r5 &
 ,seym\r af=d$ a new pro( ( c\rage "u   

adv]se circum/ances2 & "o sc>cely kn[s  
:e!r !y des]ve mo/ to be piti$1 or !    
arti/ to be d5\nc$ = putt+ brave m5 9 s 
ridicul\s a position4 ,! picture is     
simply disgraceful1 & w\ld naturally be 
pass$ ov] 9 sil5ce _h x n be5 hung 9 a  
position to *all5ge att5tion1 :ile _m   
works ( m]it are plac$ f> above ! l9e4  
,?irty or =ty ye>s ago1 :5 ! academy 0  
glad to enroll pa9t]s ( ! calibre ( ,mr4
 ,rossit] among its memb]s1 su*         
productions 7 p]haps acceptable on !    
l9e4 ,b h hang+ committees no           
appreciation t !re is su* a ?+ z        
progress8 ,! o!r picture above allud$ to
 is ,no4 #dce1 ,claim+ ! ,%ot1 by ,j4,g4
 ,br[n4 ,x repres5ts a hunt+ sc5e 9 !   
,adirondacks1 & ?\gh ?9ly pa9t$1 ) no   
m]it 9 ! l&scape1 & ( a g5]al           
commonplace "*1 tells its /ory ) humor &
 po9t4 ,we h n ! pleasure ( kn[+ ! p>ty 
( amateur hunt]s ^: good-natur$         
alt]cation =ms ! subject ( ,mr4 ,br[n's 
picture1 b _! faces are p]fectly famili>
 to u1 & may be se5 any day on          

,broadway1 until ! %oot+ season summons 
!m to a pur] atmosph]e ?an our civic    
rul]s p]mit u to brea!4 ,t good-look+ & 
well-dress$ "y man1 ) ! incipi5t        
ari/ocratic baldness1 & ! languid1      
g5tleman-l air1 recl9+ 9 a n ungraceful 
attitude on a /ump1 & ^: incr$ul\s %ake 
( ! head d5otes t he w n resign 8 claim 
to ! successful %ot--is he n a type (   
our jeunesse doree8 ,& :o has n met !   
portly1 florid g5tleman1 8 face beam+ ) 
good nature & good liv+1 :o claps our "y
 fri5d on ! back & advises him to give x
 up8 ,! e>ne/ expression ( ! half-kneel+
 hunt]1 cl9*+ ! argum5t z he id5tifies 8
 bullet-hole 9 ! side ( ! sla9 buck1 is 
well r5d]$1 z is also t ( ano!r florid  
g5tleman :o looks on1 a quiet b highly  
amus$ witness ( ! dispute4 ,9 !         
backgr\nd are a p>ty ( guides & boatm5  
engag$ 9 prep>+ supp] = ! disputants1   
ov] ^: p]plexity !y appe> to be indulg+ 
9 a little quiet *aff4 ,we imag9e t !   
faces ( ! pr9cipal actors 9 ?is gr\p are
 good lik5esses1 & we feel sure t to see

 !m ?us depict$ amid/ sc5es sugge/+     
heal?ful out-door sports w be pleasant  
to _! fri5ds4  #efi  ,f portraits we    
pass naturally to figure pieces1 & fir/ 
pause ) a/oni%m5t be=e ,no4 #cid1 ,!    
,two ,m>ys at ! ,sepul*re1 by ,r4,w4    
,weir4 ,"h is a "w :i* has d\btless co/ 
mu* ?\ght & pati5t labor1 b :i* is s    
hopelessly b5ea? ! dignity ( ! subject z
 to seem almo/ l a c>icature4 ,:5 w     
mod]n pa9t]s recognize t sacr$ hi/ory is
 a bran* ( _! art n to be attempt$      
except "u v peculi> & favorable         
circum/ances8--t ! arti/ mu/ feel &     
believe :at he pa9ts1 unless he wi%es to
 deg5]ate into insipidity8 ,we d n      
desire to impugn ,mr4 ,weir's s9c]ity1 b
 a "w s cold1 lifeless1 & void (        
propriety %[s t he is ei!r hid+ 8 light 
"u a bu%el1 or is incapable ( feel+1    
p]haps we %\ld say ( reflect+1 !        
religi\s f]vor :i* %\ld be associat$ ) s
 awful a sc5e4 ,_h he ev5 /uck to !     
conv5tional =ms & accessories :i* h     
satisfi$ six c5turies ( ,*ri/ian pa9t]s1

 he might h produc$ some?+ ( respectable
 m$iocrity4 ,b mod]n realism w\ld n     
p]mit ?is1 & !re=e ! ,virg9 is repres5t$
 z a commonplace middle-ag$ woman1 :o   
might z well be ,mr4 ,weir's h\sekeep]1 
& ^: mawki% expression is positively    
repulsive4 ,( ,/4 ,m>y ,magdal5 !       
attitude1 figure1 & expression are n    
less inappropriate4 ,surely ^! p]sonages
 are rais$ above ! level ( ord9>y       
wom5--no believ] 9 ,*ri/ianity w d5y    
t--& _c ! pa9t] s repres5t !m8 ,9 o!r   
respects ! picture has little m]it1 be+ 
/iff & mann]$ 9 ! draw+ & ( a mixture ( 
dull gray & salmon 9 its local color+4  
,! mo/ conspicu\s l&scape 9 ?is room is 
,bi]/adt's imm5se view ( ! ,yo ,semite  
,valley 9 ,cali=nia1 ,no4 #dcf1 :i*     
occupies ! place ( honor 9 ! middle ( ! 
s\? wall4 ,= mon?s pa/ ! arti/ has be5  
ann\nc$ z at "w on ?is picture1 & 9 view
 ( ! great m]its recogniz$ 9 8 ,rocky   
,m\nta9s1 public expectation has be5    
rais$ to a high pit*4 ,b public         
expectation has be5 doom$ to            

disappo9tm5t ?is "t1 = ! ,yo ,semite is 
mu* inf]ior to its pr$ecessor1 ?\gh1 9  
sev]al respects1 bo? works %[ ! same    
*>act]i/ics 9 equal p]fection4 ,!y h    
bread? ( draw+1 admirable p]spective1 & 
convey an idea ( ! solemn gr&eur (      
nature 9 ! virg9 solitudes ( ! we/4 ,b  
:ile 9 ! old] "w ,mr4 ,bi]/adt succe$$ 9
 =gett+ = a "t ! academic mann]isms :i* 
he br\ght ) him f ,g]many1 9 ! pres5t "o
 he has1 unconsci\sly1 p]haps1 laps$    
into !m aga91 & produc$ some?+ ( great  
me*anical excell5ce1 & ) ab\t z mu*     
nature z c be se5 ?r\gh ! atmosph]e ( a 
,duesseldorf /udio4 ,yell[ appe>s to be 
8 weakness1 & ! canvas is accord+ly     
suffus$ ) yell[ t9ts ( e gradation (    
tone2 n a lum9\s yell[ :i* ! eye may re/
 ^u ) pleasure1 b a h>d1 du/y-look+     
pigm5t1 )\t w>m?1 or transp>5cy1 or     
dep?2 su* a yell[ z nev] t+$ ! skies (  
,cali=nia or any o!r "p ( ! _w1 b is    
begott5 ( m5 :o d]ive _! ideas ( nature 
f copy+ pictures ( l&scapes1 in/ead (   
go+ directly to nature4 ,! grass & !    

foliage :i* receive ! sunlight are ( a  
dirty1 yell[i% gre51 ^? 9 ! %ad[ ( !    
great m\nta9 ridge on ! "r ( ! sc5e ( a 
yell[i% black1 ! v rocks & wat] are     
yell[1 & if ,indians or emigrants _h be5
 introduc$ into ! =egr\nd1 we feel      
conv9c$ !y w\ld h receiv$ ! prevail+    
hue4 ,only 9 ! m\nta9 peaks1 *eck]$ )   
sunlight & %ad[1 does ! arti/ seem to   
escape f ?is ?raldom to "o color1 & pa9t
 ) =ce & tru?fulness4 ,! picture is     
!re=e a failure2 & yet view$ f ! head ( 
! great /air-case1 across ! op5 space1 &
 ?r\gh ! entrance to ! exhibition-room1 
x has a mell[ness ( tone & tru?fulness (
 p]spective :i* almo/ induce u to       
retract our criticism4 ,approa* x1      
h[ev]1 & ! illusion vani%es4 ,ano!r     
,cali=nian sc5e by ,bi]/adt1 9 ?is room1
 ,no4 #dgb1 ! ,gold5 ,gate1 %[s !       
arti/'s pr$om9ant fault ev5 m           
conspicu\sly1 & is n only unwor?y ( him1
 b absolutely unpleasant to look at4    
,no4 #dhg1 ,among ! ,alps1 by ,gign\x1  
is a solidly1 ?\gh co>sely pa9t$ "w1 &  

not)/&+ a preval5t cold1 lead5 tone1    
tol]ably effective4 ,! idea ( solemn    
repose is well convey$1 al?\gh sc>cely  
"o ( ! details is tru?fully r5d]$4 ,!   
wat] ( ! m\nta9 lake is n wat]1 b an    
opaque mass1 ! trees & rocks are s      
slurr$ 9 ! draw+ z to be #egj           
unrecognizable by ! naturali/1 & ! %ad[s
 are unnecess>ily deep & sombre4 ,su*   
pa9t+1 h[ev]1 pleases ! multitude1 :o d 
n c>e mu* = absolute tru?1 provid$      
effect is obta9$2 & ,mr4 ,gign\x's      
picture is consid]$ v f9e inde$4 ,no4   
#dff1 ,a ,m\nta9 ,lake 9 ! ,blue ,ridge1
 by ,sonntag1 is a f9e piece ( sc5e     
pa9t+1 &1 if prop]ly enl>g$1 w\ld =m an 
excell5t design = a /age drop-curta94 ,z
 a repres5tation ( nature x is false 9  
ne>ly e detail4 ,& yet no l&scape pa9t] 
deals m readily & dext]\sly ) ! ext]nal 
=ms ( ,am]ican =e/ sc5]y1 or p]haps has 
m neatness ( t\*2 & none1 x may be add$1
 has w&]$ fur!r f ! true pa?4  ,no4     
#dfe1 ,gre5wood ,lake1 by ,cropsey1 is a
 pleasant] picture ?an we commonly see f

 ?is arti/1 :o1 to judge f 8            
productions1 sc>cely ev] saw a cl\dy    
day1 & has a v indiff]5t acqua9tance )  
%ad[s4 ,"h is a /ill1 s]5e summ]        
aft]noon1 9 ! =egr\nd a newly-m[n       
hayfield1 ) a gr\p ( m[]s & rak]s1 j    
paus+ f _! labor1 & beyond ! placid     
bosom ( ! lake4 ,despite its some:at    
monoton\s uni=mity ( tone1 ! picture is 
p]vad$ by an agreeable s5tim5t ( repose1
 *>act]i/ic ( midsumm]2 & z an hone/    
attempt to portray a pleas+ phase (     
nature x is welcome4 ,no4 #dic1         
,aft]noon 9 ! ,h\satonic ,valley1 by    
,j4,b4 ,bri/ol1 repres5ts ! p]iod ( !   
day select$ by ,mr4 ,cropsey1 b ! tone (
 8 picture is l[] & cool]1 & ! color+ m 
h>moni\s4 ,its mo/ noticeable feature is
 a noble m\nta9 9 ! backgr\nd1 ^: wood$ 
sides af=d f9e contra/s ( light & %ad[4 
,no4 #did1 ,a ,foggy ,morn+--,coa/ (    
,france1 by ,dana1 ev9ces m desire to   
cat* ! secret ( ri* color+ ?an success4 
,x is n by scatt]+ w>m pigm5ts ab\t1 )\t
 reg>d to h>mony or gradation1 t ,mr4   

,dana c atta9 8 end2 & s f> z color is  
conc]n$ he %[s no improvem5t ^u 8 "w (  
=m] ye>s4 ,9 composition he wields1 z   
usual1 a graceful p5cil1 & 8 *ildr5 are 
pleas+ly & naturally drawn4  ------     
,,new ,,publications4   ,,! ,,iliad ,,( 
,,hom] ,,r5d]$ ,,into ,,engli% ,,blank  
,,v]se4 ,by ,edw>d1 ,e>l ( ,d]by4 #b    
vols4 #hvo41 pp4 #dcj & #deg4 ,new      
,york3 ,*>les ,scribn]  ,company4  ,!re 
h be5 sev]al translations ( ! ,iliad    
into ,engli% v]se1 b1 practically1 only 
?ree h hi!rto be5 mu* 9 vogue4 ,! fir/ (
 ^!1 by ,*apman1 is a "w ( consid]able  
_s1 ( a rude1 fi]y k9d2 b x is          
unfai?ful1 & has long be5 antiquat$4    
,pope's brilliant & ?or\ghly un-,hom]ic 
v]sion w always be popul> z a poem1 ?\gh
 any?+ m widely diff]5t f ! orig9al 0   
probably nev] publi%$ z a translation4  
,c[p] is v]bally accurate1 b tame &     
tiresome4 ,a translation 9 blank v]se1  
by ,william ,mun=d1 ( ,ri*mond1 ,va41   
appe>$ 9 ,bo/on "s tw5ty ye>s ago1 b    
does n seem to h attract$ ! att5tion x  

des]v$4  ,"l ,d]by appe>s to h avoid$   
ne>ly all ! defects & comb9$ ne>ly all !
 m]its ( 8 pr$ecessors4 ,he has aim$ to 
produce a translation & n a p>aphrase2  
n1 inde$1 su* a translation z w\ld      
satisfy1 ) reg>d to ea* ^w1 ! rigid     
requirem5ts ( accurate s*ol>%ip1 b su* z
 w\ld fairly & hone/ly give ! s5se & _s 
( e passage & ( e l9e1 omitt+ no?+ &    
exp&+ no?+1 & adh]+ z closely z our     
language w all[1 ev5 to e epi!t :i* is  
capable ( be+ translat$1 & :i* has1 9 ! 
p>ticul> passage1 any?+ ( a special &   
di/9ctive "*4 ,! te/imony ( critics is  
almo/ unanim\s z to ! success ) :i* he  
has c>ri$ out 8 design4 ,8 translation  
is incomp>ably m fai?ful ?an ei!r ( ^?  
we h m5tion$4 ,he almo/ inv>iably       
p]ceives ! delicate %ades ( mean+ :i*   
,pope 0 #ega n s*ol> en\gh to notice1 & 
he is (t5 wond]fully happy 9 express+ !m
 9 ,engli%4 ,8 language is dignifi$ &   
pure2 8 /yle animat$ & idiomatic2 & 8   
v]se has m ( ! maje/ic fl[ ( ,hom] ?an t
 ( any previ\s translator4 ,he has      

produc$ by all odds ! be/ v]sion ( !    
,iliad 9 ! ,engli% language4  ,t a      
/atesman %\ld h succe$$ 9 a task ( ?is  
sort1 :]e ,pope & ,c[p] fail$1 is /range
 inde$4 ,b let our read]s judge =       
!mselves3 we give fir/ a some:at        
celebrat$ passage f ,pope--! biv\ac ( ! 
,trojans1 at ! end ( ! eigh?            
book--premis+ t ,pope prefixes to x f\r 
l9es :i* h no equival5t 9 ! ,greek1 &   
:i* are n only an int]polation b a      
positive injury to ! s5se3    ,! troops 
exult+ sat 9 ord] r\nd1   ,& beam+ fires
 illum9$ all ! gr\nd4   ,z :5 ! moon1   
refulg5t lamp ( night1   ,o'er heav5's  
cle> azure spreads h] sacr$ light1   ,:5
 n a brea? di/urbs ! deep s]5e1   ,& n a
 cl\d o'erca/s ! solemn sc5e2   ,ar\nd  
h] ?rone ! vivid planets roll1   ,& />s 
unnumb]$ gild ! gl[+ pole1   ,o'er ! d>k
 trees a yell[] v]dure %$1   ,& tip )   
silv] e m\nta9's head2   ,!n %9e !      
vales1 ! rocks 9 prospect rise1   ,a    
flood ( glory bur/s f all ! skies2   ,! 
consci\s swa9s1 rejoic+ 9 ! sight1      

,eye ! blue vault1 & bless ! useful     
light4   ,s _m flames be=e pr\d ,ilion  
blaze1   ,& light5 glimm]+ ,xan?us ) _! 
rays3   ,! long reflections ( ! di/ant  
fires   ,gleam on ! walls1 & tremble on 
! spires2   ,a ?\s& piles ! dusky       
horrors gild1   ,& %oot a %ady lu/re    
o'er ! field1   ,full fifty gu>ds ea*   
flam+ pile att5d1   ,^: umb]$ arms1 by  
fits1 ?ick fla%es s5d1   ,l\d neigh !   
c\rs]s o'er _! heaps ( corn1   ,& ard5t 
w>riors wait ! ris+ morn4  ,?is is n a  
faultless passage1 b no "o c help admir+
 ! felicit\s imag]y1 ! vivid ^w-pa9t+1 !
 wond]ful h>mony ( ! v]sification4 ,yet 
:at read] ( ,hom] w hesitate to pref]   
,"l ,d]by's simpl] & almo/ /rictly      
lit]al r5d]+8    ,full ( pr\d hopes1 ^u 
! pass ( w>1   ,all night !y camp$2 &   
frequ5t blaz$ _! fires4   ,z :5 9 heav51
 ar\nd ! glitt]+ moon   ,! />s %9e      
bright amid ! brea?less air2   ,& e     
crag1 & e jutt+ peak   ,/&s boldly =?1 &
 e =e/ glade2   ,ev'n to ! gates ( heav5
 is op5$ wide   ,! b\ndless sky2 %9es   

ea* p>ticul> />   ,di/9ct2 joy fills !  
gaz+ %eph]d's he>t4   ,s bright1 s      
?ickly scatt]$ o'er ! pla91   ,be=e !   
walls ( ,troy1 betwe5 ! %ips   ,&       
,xan?us' /ream1 ! ,trojan wat*fires     
blaz$4   ,a ?\s& fires burnt brightly2 &
 r\nd ea*   ,sat fifty w>riors 9 ! ruddy
 gl>e2   ,) /ore ( prov5d] be=e !m laid1
   ,b>ley & rye1 ! te!r$ horses /ood    
,beside ! c>s1 & wait$ = ! morn4  ,take 
n[ ! description ( ,vulcan s]v+ ! gods  
at a banquet1 f ! conclusion ( ! fir/   
book4 ,c[p] gives x z foll[s3    ,s he2 
!n ,juno smil$1 goddess :ite-arm$1   ,& 
smil+ /ill1 f 8 unwont$ h&   ,receiv$ ! 
goblet4 ,he f "r to left  ,footnote #aab
   ,ri* nect> f ! beak] drawn1 al]t     
,di/ribut$ to all ! p[]s div9e4   ,heav5
 rang ) laught] inext+ui%able1   ,peal  
aft] peal1 su* pleasure all conceiv$    
,at sight ( ,vulcan 9 8 new employ4     
,s sp5t !y 9 fe/ivity ! day1   ,& all 7 
*e]$2 nor 0 ,apollo's h>p   ,sil5t1 nor 
did ! muses sp>e to add   ,responsive   
melody ( vocal sweets4   ,b :5 ! sun's  

bright orb _h n[ decl9$1   ,ea* to 8    
mansion1 :]esoev] built   ,by ! same    
mat*less ar*itect1 )drew4   ,jove also1 
k9dl] ( ! fires ( heav51   ,8 c\* asc5d+
 z at o!r times   ,:5 g5tle sleep       
approa*$ him1 slept s]5e1   ,)          
gold5-sceptr$ ,juno by 8 side4          
,footnote #aab3 ,j ! rev]se1--f left to 
"r1 ,greek text   ,c[p]'s blund] is     
s]i\s1 because to proce$ f "r to left   
0 look$ ^u by ! ,greeks z unlucky4  #egb
  ,c[p] is bett] ?an ,pope "h2 b ,"l    
,d]by is ! mo/ lit]al & by f> ! be/ ( ! 
?ree4 ,8 l9es h a dignifi$ simplicity n 
unwor?y ! fa!r ( poetry himself2 yet !  
translation is ne>ly v]batim3    ,?us z 
he spoke1 ! :ite-arm$ goddess smil$1    
,& smil+ f 8 h& receiv$ ! cup1   ,!n to 
?' immortals all 9 ord] due   ,he       
m9i/]$1 & f ! flagon p\r$   ,! lusci\s  
nect>2 :ile among ! gods   ,rose laught]
 irrepressible1 at sight   ,( ,vulcan   
hobbl+ r\nd ! spaci\s hall4     ,?us !y 
till sunset pass$ ! fe/ive h\rs2   ,nor 
lack$ ! banquet aught to please ! s5se1 

,nor s\nd ( tuneful lyre1 by ,phoebus   
t\*$1   ,nor muses' voice1 :o 9 alt]nate
 /ra9s   ,responsive sang2 b :5 ! sun 0 
set1   ,ea* = 8 home dep>t$1 :]e = ea*  
,! cripple ,vulcan1 mat*less ar*itect1  
,) wondr\s skill a noble h\se _h re>$4  
,to 8 own c\*1 :]e he 0 wont ( old1     
,:5 ov]come by g5tle sleep1 to re/1     
,olympian ,jove asc5d$2 !re he slept1   
,& by 8 side ! gold5-?ron$ que54  ,if   
our space p]mitt$ we might easily ext5d 
^! comp>isons1 & %[ t ,"l ,d]by excels  
o!r translators 9 e phase ( 8           
und]tak+--9 ! rude %ock ( w>1 ! t\*+    
emotions ( human s5tim5t1 ! debates ( ! 
gods1 & ! beauties & ph5om5a ( nature4  
,we _c refra91 h[ev]1 f quot+ a few     
passages ( conspicu\s excell5ce4        
,hector's assault on ! %ips 9 ! fifte5? 
book is ?us spirit$ly r5d]$3    ,fi]cely
 he rag$1 z t]rible z ,m>s   ,) br&i%$  
spe>2 or z a rag+ fire   ',mid ! d5se   
?ickets on ! m\nta9 side4   ,! foam 0 on
 8 lips2 bright fla%$ 8 eyes   ,b5ea? 8 
awful br[s1 & t]ribly   ,above 8 temples

 wav$ amid ! fray   ,! helm ( ,hector2  
,jove himself f heav5   ,8 gu>dian h&   
ext5d+1 him alone   ,) glory cr[n+ 'mid 
! ho/ ( m51   ,b %ort 8 t]m ( glory2 = !
 day   ,0 fa/ approa*+1 :51 ) ,pallas'  
aid   ,! might ( ,peleus' son %\ld "w 8 
doom4   ,(t he essay$ to break ! ranks1 
:]e'er   ,! d5se/ ?rong & noble/ arms he
 saw2   ,b /r5u\s ?\gh 8 ef=ts1 all 7   
va92   ,!y1 mass$ 9 close array1 8 *>ge 
)/ood2   ,firm z a craggy rock1 up/&+   
high   ,close by ! ho>y sea1 :i* meets  
unmov$   ,! boi/'r\s curr5ts ( ! :i/l+  
w9ds1   ,& ! big waves t bell[ r\nd its 
,s /ood unmov$ ! ,greeks1 & undismay$4  
,at l5g?1 all blaz+ 9 8 arms1 he sprang 
,^u ! mass2 s plung+ d[n z :5   ,on "s  
tall vessel1 f b5ea? ! cl\ds   ,a giant 
bill[1 tempe/-nurs$1 desc5ds3   ,! deck 
is dr5*$ 9 foam2 ! /ormy w9d   ,h[ls 9 !
 %r\ds2 ?' affright$ seam5 quail   ,9   
fe>1 b little way f dea? remov$2        
,footnote #aac   ,s quail$ ! _s 9 e     
,grecian brea/4    ,footnote #aac3 ,we  
are p>ticul>ly /ruck ) !   excell5ce (  

,"l ,d]by's translation ( ?is           
magnific5t image :5 we contra/ x ) ,mr41
   ,mun=d's3    ,z on a %ip a wat'ry    
m\nta9 falls1   ,driv5 f ! cl\ds by all 
! furi\s w9ds2   ,) foam ! deck is      
cov]$1 pitiless   ,! deaf5+ tempe/ ro>s 
among ! %r\ds2   ,! sailors1 :irl$ along
 by rag+ waves4   ,tremble1 confus$ &   
fa9t2 imm$iate dea?   ,appe>s be=e !m4  
,yet1 no less an au?ority ?an ! late    
,presid5t   ,felton1 ( ,h>v>d1 pron\nc$ 
,mun=d's   ! be/ ( all ,engli% metrical 
v]sions ( !   ,iliad4  ,9 book six?     
,hector is acco/$ by 8 "m on 8 return f 
! battle-field4 ,%e (f]s him w9e1 :]e)  
to p\r a libation to ,jove & !n to      
refre% himself4 ,"l ,d>by's translation 
( 8 answ] is v neat & v close to !      
orig9al3  #egc    ,no1 n = me1 m9e      
honor$ "m1 p\r   ,! lusci\s w9e1 le/ ?\ 
unn]ve my limbs   ,& make me all my     
wont$ pr[ess lose4   ,! ruddy w9e ,i d>e
 n p\r to ,jove   ,) h&s unwa%$2 nor to 
! cl\d-girt son   ,( ,saturn may ! voice
 ( pray] asc5d   ,f "o ) blood bespatt]$

 & defil$4  ,we close our extracts ) a  
few l9es f book ?ird4 ,priam1 sitt+ ) ! 
sage *iefs & c\ncillors ( ,troy at !    
,scaean gate wat*+ ! ho/ile armies1 ?us 
addresses ,hel53    ',come "h1 my *ild1 
& sitt+ by my side1   ,f :5ce ?\ can/   
disc]n ?y =m] "l1   ,8 k9dr$ & 8 fri5ds 
7n !e ,i blame1   ,b to ! gods ,i owe   
?is w(ul w>71   ,tell me ! "n ( yond]   
mighty *ief   ,among ! ,greeks a w>rior 
brave & /rong3   ,o!rs 9 height surpass 
him2 b my eyes   ,a =m s noble nev] yet 
beheld1   ,nor s augu/2 he moves1 a k+  
inde$4'   ,to :om 9 answ]1 ,hel51       
heav'nly fair3   ',) rev'r5ce1 de>e/    
fa!r1 & ) %ame   ,i look on !e3 oh1 w\ld
 t ,i _h di$   ,t day :5 hi!r ) ?y son  
,i came1   ,& left my husb&1 fri5ds1 &  
d>l+ *ild1   ,& all ! lov$ companions ( 
my y\?3   ,t ,i di$ n1 ) grief ,i p9e   
away4   ,b to ?y "q2 ,i w tell !e true2 
,yon *ief is ,agamemnon1 ,atreus' son1  
,wide-reign+1 mighty mon>*1 rul] good1  
,& valiant w>rior2 9 my husb&'s "n1     
,lo/ z ,i am1 ,i call$ him bro!r once4' 

----  ,,life ,,( ,,m>cus ,,tullius      
,,cic]o4 ,by ,william ,=sy?1 ,m4,a41    
,q4,c41 au?or ( ,hort5sius1 ,napoleon at
 ,/4 ,hel5a & ,sir ,hudson ,l[e1 ,hi/ory
 ( ,trial by ,jury1 etc41 & late fell[ (
 ,tr9ity ,college1 ,cambridge4 ,two     
volumes1 #hvo41 pp4 #cfd & #cda4 ,new   
,york3 ,*>les ,scribn]  ,co4  ,mr4 ,=sy?
 has a v correct notion ( ! bus9ess ( a 
biograph]4 ,8 object has be5 n only to  
tell ,cic]o's hi/ory b to describe 8    
private life--to make u acqua9t$ ) m9ute
 details ( 8 dome/ic habits1 & to       
repres5t him z f> z possible 9 ! same   
mann] z he w\ld a man ( ! pres5t        
g5]ation4 ,! m we accu/om ourselves1 he 
says1 to reg>d ! anci5ts z p]sons ( l   
passions z ourselves1 & famili>ize      
ourselves ) ! idea ( !m z fa!rs1 husb&s1
 fri5ds1 & g5tlem51 ! bett] we %all     
und]/& !m4 ,he has !re=e c>efully ga!r$ 
up f ! lett]s & o!r writ+s ( ! ,roman   
orator ^? little bits ( p]sonal         
allusion1 dome/ic hi/ory1 & unconsid]$  
trifles :i* indicate1 m cle>ly sometimes

 ?an important actions1 ! b5t ( "o's m9d
 or ! inmo/ "* ( "o's he>t2 & he has    
arrang$ !m ) great skill1 & a good eye =
 effect4 ,he %[s b slight lit]>y poli%2 
8 /yle is n elegant1 nor always cle>1   
nor ev5 dignifi$2 b he has a logical way
 ( putt+ ?+s1 a happy knack (           
arrangem5t1 & a habit ( keep+ to ! po9t 
& ?r[+ aside sup]flu\s matt]1 = :i* we  
d>e say he is indebt$ to 8 tra9+ z a    
plead] 9 ! c\rts4 ,z a lawy]1 too1 he is
 specially qualifi$ to give ! hi/ory ( !
 causes 9 :i* ,cic]o's orations 7       
deliv]$2 & ?is he does bett] ?an we h   
ev] se5 x done be=e1 expla9+ ! n>rative 
by copi\s illu/rations f mod]n          
jurisprud5ce4 ,b if 9 "s respects he    
writes l a lawy]1 9 ano!r v important   
po9t 8 practice z an advocate seems n to
 h affect$ him4 ,he is ?or\ghly         
imp>tial4 ,he sums up ,cic]o's "* m l a 
judge ?an a que5's c\nsel4 ,he admires  
him b n bl9dly2 hold+ ! safe middle pa? 
betwe5 ! excessive v5]ation %[n by      
,middleton & ,niebuhr & ! unreasonable  

animosity ( ,drumann & ,momms54 ,he     
admits t ,cic]o 0 weak1 timid1 &        
irresolute2 b ^! defects 7 c\nt]-balanc$
 by ! display1 at critical p]iods ( 8   
life1 ( ! v opposite qualities4 ,9 !    
conte/ ) ,catil9e & ! f9al /ruggle )    
,antony he 0 z firm & brave z a man ne$ 
be4 ,"o pr9cipal cause ( 8 irresolution 
0 an anxiety to d :at 0 "r4 ,if he knew 
t he _h act$ wrongly1 he in/antly felt  
all ! agony ( remorse4 ,8 /&>d (        
morality 0 z high z x 0 p]haps possible 
to elevate x by ! m]e light ( nature4 ,!
 *ief fault ( 8 moral "* 0 a want (     
s9c]ity4 ,9 a diff]5t s5se ( ! words f t
 express$ by ,/4 ,paul1 he wi%$ to      
become all ?+s to all m51 if by any     
means he might w9 "s4 ,8 private        
correspond5ce & #egd 8 public spee*es 7 
(t5 9 direct contradiction ) ea* o!r z  
to ! op9ions he express$ ( 8            
contempor>ies4 ,8 foible 0 vanity4 ,he 0
 nev] tir$ ( speak+ ( himself4 ,z a     
philosoph] he _h no pret5sions to       
orig9ality1 b he 0 ! fir/ to make kn[n  

to 8 c\ntrym5 ! philosophy ( ,greece1   
:i* until he appe>$ may be said to h    
spok5 to ! ,romans 9 an unkn[n tongue4  
,he adh]$ to no p>ticul> sect1 b affect$
 *iefly ! s*ool ( ! new academy4 ,he 0 a
 firm believ] 9 a provid5ce & a future  
/ate4 ,z an orator 8 faults are co>s5ess
 9 invective1 exagg]ation 9 matt]1 &    
prolixity 9 /yle4 ,_m ( 8 s5t5ces are   
intol]ably long1 & he dwells ^u a topic 
) an exhau/ive fulness :i* leaves no?+  
to ! imag9ation4 ,! pure gold ( 8       
eloqu5ce is beat5 out too ?91 & :at is  
ga9$ 9 surface is lo/ 9 solidity & dep?4
  ,! position ( ,cic]o ) respect to !   
political p>ties into :i* ! republic 0  
divid$ 9 8 "t is n s well describ$ z 8  
p]sonal "*4 ,:ile ,mr4 ,=sy? displays   
indu/ry & good judgm5t 9 collect+ &     
arrang+ ! little traits :i* g to make up
 a life-l portrait1 he lacks !          
compreh5sive & philosophical view ) :i* 
,m]ivale has rec5tly survey$ ! same     
p]iod ( hi/ory4 ,=sy? writes z "o :o1   
hav+ m+l$ ) ! busy cr[d 9 ! =um1 %\ld   

come away & tell u :at he _h se5 & he>d1
 & describe ! m5 ) :om he _h talk$4     
,m]ivale surveys ! sc5e f a di/ance2 &  
?\gh 8 p]ception ( individual objects is
 less di/9ct ?an ,=sy?'s1 8 view is     
broad] & takes 9 bett] ! relative       
situations & proportions ( ! v>i\s      
features spread out be=e him4 ,bo? are  
excell5t 9 _! k9d3 ! hi/orian is ! m    
in/ructive1 ! biograph] ! m ent]ta9+4   
,,beatrice4 ,by ,julia ,kavanagh1 au?or 
( ,na?alie1 ,adele1 ,que5 ,mab1 etc41   
etc4 ,?ree volumes 9 "o4 #abmo41 pp4    
#ebj4 ,new ,york3 ,d4 ,appleton         
,company4  ,! read]s ( ,adele & ,na?alie
 w h>dly be prep>$ = :at awaits !m 9 !  
novel n[ ^u our table4 ,miss ,kavanagh  
has won a high reputation by h] delicate
 pictures ( quiet home life1 & ?or\gh   
analyses ( female "*4 ,b lately !       
prevail+ ?ir/ = s5sational /ories appe>s
 to h entic$ h] away f ! old pa?1 & l$  
h] to attempt a /yle ( novel :i* w no   
d\bt please ! majority ( read]s bett]   
?an h] e>li] ef=ts1 ?\gh z a "w ( art x 

is inf]ior to !m4 ,x is by no means     
h[ev] a m]ely s5sation /ory4 ,! h]o9e is
 pa9t$ ) all ,miss ,kavanagh's accu/om$ 
cle>ness & skill2 al?\gh ! un9t]rupt$   
s]ies ( plots & c\nt]plots1 ! dramatic  
t]s5ess ( ! dialogue1 & ! effectiv5ess (
 ! situations1 tempt "o to =get         
sometimes1 9 ! absorb+ int]e/ ( !       
n>rative1 ! high] m]it ( vivid & tru?ful
 draw+ ( "*4 ,t ( ,beatrice is *>m+ly   
conceiv$1 & admirably work$ out1 recall+
 ^? delightful h]o9es :o fir/ gave ,miss
 ,kavanagh a hold ^u ! popul> he>t4     
,beatrice is a spirit$1 pr\d1 natural1  
w>m-he>t$ girl1 born 9 pov]ty & fall5   
heiress unexpect$ly to great weal?4 ,h] 
gu>dian & /ep-fa!r1 ,mr4 ,g]voise1      
subjects h] to innum]able wrongs 9 ord] 
t he may get possession ( ! prop]ty4    
,poison ev5 & a mad-h\se are h9t$ at4 ,!
 book is pr9cipally a n>rative ( battle 
betwe5 ! def5celess girl & ?is villa94  
,our read]s :o may wi% to "k h[ !       
/ruggle ends are ref]r$ to ! book       
itself2 !y w h no reason to regret ! "t 

!y may sp5d 9 read+ x4   ,,grace        
,,morton2 ,,or1 ,,! ,,inh]itance4 ,a    
,ca?olic ,tale4 ,by ,m4,l4,m4 #abmo41   
pp4 #cbd4   ,,! ,,confessors ,,(        
,,connaught2 ,,or1 ,,! ,,t5ants ,,( ,a  
,,"l ,,bi%op4 ,a ,tale ( our ,times4 ,by
 ,m4 ,l4 ,m41 au?or ( ,grace ,morton1   
etc4 #abmo41 pp4#cai4 ,philadelphia3    
,pet] ,f4 ,cunn+ham4 ,new ,york3 ,d4    
,j4 ,sadli]  ,company4  ,^! are bo?     
religi\s /ories4 ,! fir/ is inscrib$ to 
! ,ca?olic y\? ( ,am]ica1 & ! sc5e is   
laid 9 ,p5nsylvania4 ,! second is f\nd$ 
^u ! evictions 9 #ahfj1 9 ! p>i% (      
,p>try1 ,irel&1 ( a numb] ( t5ants ( !  
,prote/ant bi%op ( ,tuam1 :o _h refus$  
to s5d _! *ildr5 to proselytiz+ s*ools4 
,! well-kn[n mission>y1 ,fa!r ,lavelle1 
is a #ege prom95t figure 9 ! book1      
slightly disguis$ "u ! "n ( ,fa!r       
,dillon4   ,a ,,g5]al ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,!  
,,ca?olic ,,*ur*3 ,,f ,,! ,,comm5cem5t  
,,( ,,! ,,*ri/ian ,,era ,,until ,,!     
,,pres5t ,,"t4 ,by ,m4 l',abbe ,j4,e4   
,d>ras4 ,fir/ ,am]ican f ! la/ ,fr5*    

edition4 ,) an ,introduction & ,notes1  
by ! ,mo/ ,rev4 ,m4,j4 ,spald+1 ,d4,d41 
,ar*bi%op ( ,baltimore4 ,numb]s #f1 #g1 
& #h4 #hvo4 pp4 7ea*7 #dh4 ,new ,york3  
,p4 ,o',%ea4  ,we are pleas$ to le>n t  
two valuable app5dices are to be add$ to
 ! ,am]ican translation ( ?is important 
"w2 "o by an em95t ,jesuit on ! hi/ory (
 ! ,*ur* 9 ,irel&1 ! o!r by ! ,rev4     
,c4,i4 ,:ite1 ,d4,d41 on ! hi/ory ( !   
,*ur* 9 ,am]ica4 ,! ,engli% v]sion ( !  
book ought ?us to be f> sup]ior to !    
orig9al ,fr5*4 ,! numb]s appe> ) great  
promptness1 & pres5t ! same neat &      
ta/eful appe>ance :i* we took occasion  
to praise 9 notic+ "s ( ! e>li] p>ts4   
,,life ,,( ,,! ,,cure ,d',,ars4 ,f !    
,fr5* ( ! ,abbe ,alfr$ ,monn94 #abmo41  
pp4 #cee4 ,baltimore3 ,kelly  ,piet4  ,x
 is only six ye>s s9ce ,jean ,bapti/    
,m>ie ,vianney1 bett] kn[n z ! ,cure (  
,ars1 clos$ 8 mortal life 9 t little    
village ne> ,lyons :i* w probably be    
h5ce=? = ev] associat$ ) 8 "n4 ,a common
 cons5t1 says ,dr4 ,mann+1 9 a preface  

to ! book be=e u1 seems to h numb]$ him1
 ev5 :ile liv+1 among ! s]vants ( ,god2 
& an expectation prevails t ! day is n  
f> (f :5 ! ,*ur* w raise him to v5]ation
 ^u h] alt>s4 ,he 0 ! son ( a f>m] (    
,d>dilly1 ne> ,lyons1 & appe>s to h     
inh]it$ virtue f bo? 8 p>5ts4 ,god gave 
him nei!r graces ( p]son nor gifts (    
intellect4 ,8 face 0 pale & ?91 8 /ature
 l[1 8 gait awkw>d1 8 mann] %y & timid1 
8 :ole air common & unattractive4 ,8    
education 0 s defective t 8 tea*]s      
hesitat$ to recomm5d him = ord9ation4 ,b
 ! want ( human le>n+ seems to h be5    
suppli$ by sup]natural illum9ation4 ,:5 
he w5t to ,ars1 virtue 0 little kn[n    
!re4 ,to say t he spe$ily wr\ght an     
entire re=mation is b a fa9t expression 
( ! extraord9>y effect ( 8 m9i/ry4      
,drunk5ness & qu>rel+ 7 soon unkn[n4 ,at
 ! s\nd ( ! midday ,angelus ! labor]s   
w\ld /op 9 _! "w to recite ! ,ave ,m>ia 
) uncov]$ head4 ,m5 & wom5 us$ to repair
 to ! *ur* aft] _! "w 0 done1 & (t5 came
 aga9 to pray at two or ?ree o'clock 9 !

 morn+4 ,! cure himself1 x may be said1 
nev] left ! *ur* except to dis*>ge "s   
function ( 8 m9i/ry1 to take "o scanty  
meal a day1 ( bread or potatoes1 & to   
sleep two or ?ree h\rs4 ,9 ! sev5? ye> (
 8 m9i/ry he f\nd$ an asylum = orphan or
 de/itute girls :i* he call$ ,!         
,provid5ce4 ,x is believ$ t he 0        
miracul\sly assi/$ 9 provid+ food &     
clo?+ = ^! poor *ildr54 ,once ! /ock (  
fl\r 0 exhau/$1 except en\gh to make two
 loaves4 ,put y\r leav5 into ! little   
fl\r y h1 said ! cure to ! bak]1 &      
to-morr[ g on ) y\r bak+ z usual4 ,!    
next day1 says ?is p]son1 ,i "k n h[ x  
happ5$1 b z ,i knead$1 ! d\gh seem$ to  
rise & rise "u my f+]s2 ,i c\ld n put 9 
! wat] quick en\gh2 ! m ,i put 91 ! m x 
swell$ & ?ick5$1 s t ,i 0 able to make1 
) a h&ful ( fl\r1 t5 l>ge loaves ( f    
tw5ty to tw5ty-two p\nds ea*1 z mu*1 9  
fact1 z c\ld h be5 made ) a :ole sack ( 
fl\r4  ,x 0 9 consequ5ce p>tly (        
circum/ances ( ?is nature connect$ ) !  
,provid5ce1 & p>tly ( ! reputation ( ,m4

 ,vianney z a spiritual director1 t a   
/ream ( pilgrims set 9 t[>d ,ars t has  
cont9u$ to fl[ ev] s9ce4 ,be=e ! close (
 8 life1 z _m z eighty ?\s& p]sons are  
said to h visit$ him 9 a s+le ye>1 by a 
s+le r\te4 ,mo/ ( !m came to confess2 _m
 to be cur$ ( de=mities or disease2 o!rs
 to ask advice 9 special difficulties4  
,! numb] ( cures effect$ at 8 h&s 0     
prodigi\s4 ,8 labors 9 ! confessional 7 
almo/ beyond belief2 = ?irty ye>s he    
sp5t 9 ?is sev]e/ ( all ! duties ( a    
p>i% prie/ sixte5 or eighte5 h\rs a day4
 ,p5it5ts 7 cont5t to await _! turn 9 ! 
*ur* all night1 all ! next day--ev5 two 
#egf days4 ,dev\t p]sons 7 s eag] to get
 relics ( him dur+ 8 life1 t :5ev] he   
laid aside 8 hat or 8 surplice ! g>m5t 0
 imm$iately appropriat$4 ,s aft] a "t he
 nev] put on a hat1 & nev] took (f 8    
surplice4  ,x seem$ at la/ t 8 humility 
c\ld no long] endure ! v5]ation t 0 paid
 him4 ,he resolv$ to retire to a quiet  
place1 & sp5d ! re/ ( 8 life 9 pray]4   
,he attempt$ to escape secretly by      

night2 b "o ( 8 assi/ant prie/s discov]$
 8 purpose1 & contriv$ to delay him1    
until ! al>m 0 s\nd$ ?r\gh ! village4 ,!
 inhabitants 7 r\s$ at ! fir/ /roke4 ,! 
clangor ( ! bell 0 soon m+l$ ) confus$  
cries ( ,m4 le cure6 ,! wom5 cr[d$ !    
m>ket-place & pray$ al\d 9 ! *ur*2 ! m5 
arm$ !mselves ) :atev] came fir/ to h&2 
guns1 =ks1 /icks1 & axes4 ,m4 ,vianney  
made 8 way ) difficulty to ! /reet door1
 b ! villag]s w\ld n let him op5 x4 ,he 
w5t f "o door to ano!r1 says 8 old      
s]vant1 )\t gett+ angry2 b ,i ?9k he 0  
weep+4 ,at la/ he rea*$ ! /reet1 & /ood 
/ill = a mom5t1 consid]+ h[ to escape4  
,8 assi/ant made a la/ ef=t to p]suade  
him to rema94 ,! populace fell at 8     
feet1 & cri$1 ) he>t-r5d+ sobs1 ,fa!r1  
let u f9i% our confession2 d n g )\t    
he>+ u6 ,& ?us say+1 !y c>ri$ r ?an l$  
him to ! *ur*4 ,he knelt be=e ! alt> &  
wept = a long "t4 ,!n he w5t quietly    
into 8 confessional z if no?+ _h happ5$4
  ,we w\ld gladly quote ! :ole ( !      
beautiful sc5e ( :i* we h attempt$ to   

give an outl9e2 b our space =bids4 ,we  
mu/ pass ov] also ! graphic description 
( ! abbe's dea? & fun]al1 z well z !    
n>rative ( ! extraord9>y suff]+s :i*    
made 8 life "o long purgatory4 ,let our 
read]s get ! book1 & !y w f9d x z       
int]e/+ z a romance4   ,,! ,,life ,,(   
,,john ,,m>y ,,decalogne1 ,,/ud5t ,,9   
,,! ,,univ]sity ,,( ,,p>is4 ,translat$ f
 ! ,fr5*4 #ahmo41 pp4 #afb4 ,baltimore3 
,kelly  ,piet4  ,?is edify+ n>rative ( !
 %ort & almo/ angelic c>e] ( a s*ool-boy
 :o di$ 9 ! odor ( sanctity1 9 8        
sev5te5? ye>1 0 a great favorite ) our  
fa!rs & gr&fa!rs1 b we believe has long 
be5 out ( pr9t4 ,its re-publication is a
 praisewor?y adv5ture1 :i* we hope w h !
 success x des]ves4 ,! book is          
especially recomm5d$ to lads prep>+ = _!
 fir/ communion4    ,! ,new ,pa?1 =     
,june 7,new ,york3 ,james ,mill]1       
publi%]71 is devot$ :olly to ! =tie?    
annual exhibition ( ! ,national ,academy
 ( ,design4 ,our spicy little           
contempor>y has no m]cy on ! arti/s4    

,truebn]'s ,am]ican & ,ori5tal ,lit]>y  
,record1 ! fir/ numb] ( :i* 0 publi%$ 9 
,london la/ ,m>*1 is a mon?ly regi/] ( !
 mo/ important works publi%$ 9 ,nor? &  
,s\? ,am]ica1 9 ,india1 ,*9a1 & !       
,briti% ,colonies2 ) occasional notes on
 ,g]man1 ,dut*1 ,dani%1 ,fr5*1 ,italian1
 ,spani%1 ,portuguese1 & ,russian books4
 ,we believe x is ! fir/ sy/ematic      
attempt to br+ ! "y lit]ature ( ,am]ica 
& ! ,ea/ be=e ! public ( ,europe4 ,we   
comm5d x to ! att5tion ( our book-writ+ 
& publi%+ fri5ds4   ,! ,am]ican ,news   
,company issue a little pamphlet on ,!  
,russo-,greek ,*ur*1 by a =m] resid5t ( 
,russia4 ,its aim is to expose !        
absurdity ( ! attempts at union betwe5 !
 ,russian & ,prote/ant ,episcopal       
,*ur*es4  ----  ,,books ,,receiv$4      
,hi/ory ( ,engl& f ! fall ( ,wolsey to !
 dea? ( ,elizabe?4 ,by ,james ,an?ony   
,fr\de1 ,m4,a4 ,new ,york3 ,*>les       
,scribn]  ,company4  ,! ,hi/ory ( !     
,prote/ant ,re=mation1 etc4 ,by ,m4,j4  
,spald+1 ,d4,d41 ,ar*bi%op ( ,baltimore4

 ,f\r? revis$ edition4 ,baltimore3 ,john
 ,murphy  ,company4  ,c]emonial = ! use 
( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*es 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates (
 ,am]ica4 ,?ird edition1 revis$ &       
enl>g$4 ,baltimore3 ,kelly  ,piet4      
,m$itations & ,consid]ations = a        
,retreat ( ,"o ,day 9 ea* ,mon?4        
,compil$ f ! writ+s ( ,fa!rs ( !        
,society ( ,jesus4 ,baltimore3 ,kelly   
,piet4  ,! ,ye> ( ,m>y4 ,translat$ f !  
,fr5* ( ! ,rev4 ,m4 d',arville1         
,apo/olic ,pro?onot>y4 ,edit$ & 9 "p    
translat$ by ,mrs4 ,j4 ,sadli]4         
,philadelphia3 ,pet] ,f4 ,cunn+ham4     
------  #egg  ,,! ,,ca?olic ,,_w1       
,,vol4 ,i41 ,,no4 #e4 ,,augu/1 #ahfe4   
,translat$ f ,etudes ,religieuses1      
,hi/oriques1 et ,litt]aires1 p> des     
,p]es de la ,compagnie de ,jesus4       
,,dramatic ,,my/]ies ,,( ,,! ,,fifte5?  
,,& ,,sixte5? ,,c5turies4  ,,by ,a4     
,,cah\r1 ,s4 ,j4   ,! drama ( ! ,middle 
,ages ends ) a sort ( !atrical          
explosion4 ,ev]y?+ disappe>s at once1 "u
 all =ms & on e side4 ,x includ$1 l t ( 

e>li] times1 my/]ies drawn f ! ,old & ! 
,new ,te/am5t2 miracles & plays borr[$ f
 leg5ds1 trag$ies inspir$ by ! acts ( ! 
m>tyrs & by *ivalric romances1 by anci5t
 hi/ory & by mod]n hi/ory2 moralities ^:
 allegorical imp]sonations repres5t !   
vices & ! virtues2 pi\s com$ies l ^? (  
,m>gu]ite de ,valois1 ,que5 ( ,nav>re1  
^u ! ,nativity ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 ^u !     
,adoration ( ! ,magi1 ^u ! ,holy ,family
 9 ! des]t2 pr(ane com$ies l ^? ( ! ,two
 ,daught]s & ! ,two ,wives by ! same    
pr9cess2 ludicr\s f>ces l t ( ,patel9 ! 
,advocate2 lic5ti\s f>ces ad nauseam2   
f9ally1 ! ,soties1 satirical plays 9 :i*
 ! ,cl]cs de la ,baso*e & ! ,enfants    
sans s\ci r5ew$ ! audacity (            
,ari/ophanes )\t reviv+ 8 tal5t4 ,!re 7 
repres5tations = all solemn occasions1 =
 ! patron-fea/s ( cities & p>i%es1 = !  
assemblies ( a :ole c\ntry1 = ! joy\s   
entry ( k+s & pr9ces4 ,!re 7 also sc5ic 
entremets = banquets2 & ne>ly all ^!    
displays 7 made ) proportions s         
gigantic1 ) s mu* pomp & exp5se1 t      

ev]ybody mu/ h p>ticipat$ 9 !m1 prie/s &
 magi/rates1 lords & citiz5s1 c>p5t]s & 
m9/rels4 ,! repres5tation ( a my/]y     
became ! affair ( a :ole city1 ( a :ole 
prov9ce4 ,! hang+s ( ! !atre1 ! co/ume (
 ! actors1 exhibit$ ! mo/ beautiful     
tape/ries1 ! ri*e/ dresses1 ! mo/       
preci\s jewels ( ! neighbor+ *ateaux1 & 
ev5 ! ornam5ts ( ! *ur*es--copes = !    
et]nal ,fa!r1 dalmatics = ! angels4  ,"o
 ( our mo/ +5i\s & le>n$ critics1 :om x 
is impossible n to cite frequ5tly :5    
writ+ ^u ! dramatic poetry ( ! sixte5?  
c5tury1 ,m4 ,sa9te-,beuve1 9 speak+ (   
?is prodigi\s fecundity1 has rem>k$1 t  
:5 ?+s are close to _! end !y (t5 h a   
f9al season ( rem>kable brilliancy--x is
 _! autumn--_! v9tage2 #egh or x is l ! 
la/ brilliant dis*>ge 9 a piece (       
fireworks4 ,p]haps !re is no bett]      
illu/ration ( ?is ph5om5on ?an t ( a    
pyrote*nic display1 :i* multiply+ its   
jets ( light1 & illum9at+ ! entire      
horizon at ! v mom5t ( its ext9ction1   
disappe>s into ! night & leaves naught  

beh9d b its smoke4 ,:at is !re left1 9  
fact1 aft] all ?is !atrical eff]vesc5ce8
 ,"o natural & truly ,fr5* inspiration  
alone--! immortal f>ce ( ,patel91 dat+ f
 ! second half ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 &    
reviv$ at ! comm5cem5t ( ! eighte5? by  
,brueys & ,palaprat4  ,h[ev]1 despite   
its pov]ty1 ?is dramatic epo* m]its our 
close att5tion4 ,9 giv+ u a picture ( ! 
public amusem5ts ( our =efa!rs1 x w     
indicate1 on ! "o h&1 ! nature ( _!     
morality & _! lit]>y ta/es1 & on ! o!r1 
! causes ( ! decl9e ( ! old ,*ri/ian    
drama at ! v]ge ( ! revolution :i*      
deliv]$ ov] ! ,fr5* /age to ! ideas & ! 
philosophy ( paganism4  ,if we wi%$ to  
give a catalogue ( ! productions ( !    
fifte5? & ! sixte5? c5turies1 we might  
easily compile x f ! hi/ory ( ! bro!rs  
,p>fait1 ! ,re*]*es ( ,beau*amps1 & !   
,biblio!que ( ! ,duke de la ,valli]e4   
,su* a task1 h[ev] abridg$1 w\ld require
 a long *apt]1 & we nei!r h "t to       
und]take x nor are we sorry at be+      
oblig$ to omit x4 ,pass+ /raight to our 

goal1 let u occupy ourselves ) ! tragic 
dramas alone1 & ev5 "h we mu/ put b\nds 
to our inquiry "u p5alty ( los+         
ourselves 9 endless & un9t]e/+ details4 
,all t :i* *>act]izes ! ,melpom5e ( !   
fifte5? & ! comm5cem5t ( ! sixte5?      
c5turies is f\nd 9 ! two great works1 ,!
 ,my/]y ( ! ,passion1 & ,! ,my/]y ( !   
,acts ( ! ,apo/les4 ,9 ^!1 & we may     
almo/ say 9 ^! only1 %all we /udy its   
p[] & its orig9ality4  ,! ,my/]y ( !    
,passion is ! "w ( two ,angev9 poets1   
nam$ alike ,jehan ,mi*el4 ,! fir/1 born 
t[>d ! end ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 aft] hav+
 be5 a canon & at ! same "t secret>y (  
,que5 ,yol&e ( ,aragon1 "m ( ! good ,k+ 
,r5e1 ,c\nt ( ,anj\ & ( ,prov5ce1 became
 bi%op ( ,ang]s1 ,febru>y #ai1 #adch1 & 
di$ 9 ! odor ( sanctity1 ,septemb] #ab1 
#addg4 ,! second ,jehan ,mi*el1 a v     
eloqu5t & sci5tific doctor1 z la ,croix 
du ,ma9e in=ms u1 0 ! *ief physician (  
,k+ ,*>les ,,viii41 & di$ 9 ,pi$mont1   
,augu/ #bb1 #adic4 ,he edit$ & pr9t$1 9 
#adhf1 ! "w ( 8 namesake4  ,?is my/]y 0 

play$ at ,metz & at ,p>is 9 #adcg1 & at 
,ang]s ?ree ye>s aft]w>d ^u ! comm5cem5t
 ( ! episcopacy ( its fir/ au?or4 ,x is 
a gigantic trilogy1 into :i* are fus$ & 
co-ord9at$ all ! dramatic repres5tations
 borr[$ = ?ree c5turies f ! canonical & 
apocryphal gospels4  ,x is1 rem>ks ,m4  
,d\haire1 9 8 elev5? lecture on !       
,hi/ory ( ,*ri/ian ,poetry be=e !       
,r5aissance1--x is a great c5tral sea   
into :i* fl[ all ! /reams ( a common    
poetic region4 ,f ! refre%+ pictures ( !
 patri>*al life ( ,joa*im & ,ann to !   
sublime sc5es ( ! resurrection ( ,jesus 
,*ri/ & ! sa9ts ( ! anci5t law1 all1 or 
ne>ly all1 t has caught our eyes be=e is
 "h f\nd anew1 sometimes z a rem9isc5ce1
 sometimes 9 ! lifelike & spirit$ =m ( a
 dialogue4 ,! leg5d ( ! dea? ( ! ,holy  
,virg91 ! leg5ds ( ! apo/les1 ( ,pilate1
 & ( ! ,w&]+ ,jew1 h alone be5 omitt$2  
:e!r because !y appe>$ to ! au?ors ( !  
my/]y to break ! !ological unity ( _!   
"w1 or because _! l5g? exclud$ !m f a   
composition already swoll5 f> beyond    

reasonable limits4  ,! my/]y op5s ) a   
c\ncil held 9 heav5 ^u ! r$emption #egi 
( ! human race4 ,on ! "o side ,m]cy &   
,peace1 9 allegorical "*1 implore p>don 
= our fir/ p>5ts & _! po/]ity4 ,on !    
o!r1 ,ju/ice & ,tru? dem& ! et]nal      
condemnation ( ! guilty4 ,to conciliate 
!m1 !re mu/ be f\nd a man )\t s9 :o w   
freely die = ! salvation ( all4 ,!y g =?
 to seek him on ! e>?4 ,to ! c\ncil (   
heav5 succe$s t ( hell4 ,lucif] 9 t]ror 
convokes 8 demons to oppose ! r$emption 
( ! _w4 ,dur+ _! tumultu\s delib]ation !
 f\r virtues return 9 despair to heav54 
,!y h fail$ to f9d ! g5]\s & pure victim
 necess>y = expiation4 ,! ,son ( ,god   
(f]s himself1 & ! my/]y ( ! inc>nation  
is decre$4 ,footnote #aad ,/4 ,joa*im   
esp\ses ,/4 ,ann1 & ,m>y is born ( !    
union s long /]ile4 ,!n foll[s ! sc5ic  
display ( all ! leg5d>y & gospel        
n>ratives ( h] education1 h] m>riage )  
,/4 ,joseph1 ! inc>nation ( ! ,^w1 !    
bir? ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 & all ! wond]s ( 8 
infancy up to 8 dispute 9 ! temple ) !  

doctors4 ,x is at ?is po9t t ! great    
drama completes its fir/ "p1 :i* is     
entitl$ ,! ,my/]y ( ! ,conception4 ,x is
 adapt$1 aft] ! /yle ( ! "t1 =          
n9ety-sev5 p]sons4    ,footnote #aad3   
,?is is ! idea ( ,/4 ,b]n>d dramatiz$4  
,9 fe/o   ,annunciationis ,b4,m4,v4     
,s]mo primus1 ,no4 #i2 vol4 i41 p4 #igd4
  ,! second "p1 :i* has giv5 its "n to !
 entire drama1 is ! ,my/]y ( ! ,passion 
( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,x is divid$ into f\r   
days1 ea* ( :i* has its appropriate     
actors4 ,! fir/ day1 :i* is =           
eighty-sev5 p]sons1 ext5ds f ! prea*+ ( 
,/4 ,john ! ,bapti/1 9 ! wild]ness1 to 8
 behead+4 ,! second requires a hundr$   
p]sons4 ,x comprises ! s]mons & miracles
 ( our ,savi\r1 & ends ) ! resurrection 
( ,laz>us4 ,! ?ird comm5ces ) !         
triumphal entry ( ,jesus ,*ri/ into     
,j]usalem & ends ) ,annas & ,caiphas4   
,?is day is = eighty-sev5 p]sons1 l !   
fir/4 ,! f\r? requires five hundr$4 ,x  
is ! repres5tation ( all ! sc5es 9 !    
tribunal ( ,pilate & at ! c\rt ( ,h]od1 

at ,calv>y & at ! holy sepul*re4  ,!    
?ird "p1 entitl$ ,! ,resurrection1      
repres5ts ,jesus ,*ri/ manife/+ himself 
to 8 disciples 9 diff]5t places aft] he 
has ris5 f ! tomb2 !n 8 asc5sion &      
entrance into heav5 9 ! mid/ ( conc]ts (
 angels2 & f9ally1 ! desc5t ( ! ,holy   
,_s ^u ! apo/les assembl$ toge!r 9 an   
upp] *amb]4 ,we h two diff]5t =ms ( ?is 
?ird "p4 ,"o is 9 ?ree days2 ! o!r 9 "o4
 ,! =m] has only =ty-five p]sons2 "o    
hundr$ & =ty are ne$$ = ! latt]4  ,^!   
?ree dramas1 ( :i* ! trilogy ( !        
,passion is compos$1 7 play$ = a c5tury 
& a half1 sometimes toge!r1 sometimes   
sep>ately4 ,:5 repres5t$ at ,p>is1 9    
#adcg1 at ! entrance ( ,*>les ,,vii41 !y
 clos$ ) a spectacle ( ! f9al judgm5t4  
,footnote #aae ,!re are ev5 f\nd        
amplifi]s :o c>ry x back z f> z ! orig9 
( ! _w4 ,x w be difficult to say h[ mu* 
"t ! p]=mance ( ?is agglom]ation (      
dramas requir$4 ,"s idea1 h[ev]1 c be   
=m$ f a repres5tation ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1
 arrang$ ab\t #aejj1 :i* set out ) !    

creation ( ! angels & did n arrive at ! 
nativity ( our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/ until   
aft] tw5ty-two days4 ,0 ! trilogy ( !   
two ,angev9 poets sometimes prec$$ by   
?is imm5se prelude8 ,we _c tell4 ,b !   
l5g? ( ! spectacle w\ld r5d] ?is        
conjecture incr$ible1 s9ce ! ,triumphant
 ,my/]y ( ! ,acts ( ! ,apo/les1 play$ at
 ,bruges1 9 #aecf1 la/$ =ty days1 morn+ 
& aft]noon4 #ehj ,^! spectacles comm5c$ 
ord9>ily at n9e 9 ! morn+4 ,!n at elev5 
o'clock ! p w5t to d9n]1 & return$ aga9 
two h\rs aft]4    ,footnote #aae3 ,all  
along ! great ,rue ,/4 ,d5is1 accord+ to
   ,ala9 ,*>ti]1 to ! di/ance ( a /one's
 ?r[ on bo? sides1   7 erect$ scaffold+s
 ( great & co/ly con/ruction1 :]e   7   
play$ ,! ,annunciation ( ,our ,lady1 ,! 
,nativity ( our ,"l1   8 ,passion1 8    
,resurrection1 ,p5teco/1 & ! ,la/       
,judgm5t1 !   :ole pass+ (f q well4     
7,beau*amps' ,re*]*es sur les   !at]s de
 ,france1 t4 i41 p4 #bed-bef74  ,?is    
drama1 ?irty or =ty times long] ?an our 
longe/ classical trag$ies1 conta9s1 at !

 lea/1 sixty-six ?\s& v]ses4 ,x 0 pr9t$ 
= ! fir/ "t1 9 #aecg1 9 two volumes     
folio1 & prov$ its popul>ity by ?ree    
diff]5t editions )9 f\r ye>s4 ,!        
emphasis ( its title atte/s1 moreov]1 ! 
imm5se success ( its repres5tation at   
,bruges ! ye> be=e4 ,x 0 ! composition (
 two bro!rs1 ,arn\l & ,simon ,greban1   
born at ,compiegne4 ,arn\l1 by :om x 0  
conceiv$ & comm5c$ ab\t #adej1 0 a canon
 ( ,mans4 ,he di$ be=e he _h f9i%$      
v]sify+ x4 ,simon1 monk ( ,/4 ,riqui]1 9
 ,pon?ieu1 complet$ x dur+ ! reign (    
,*>les ,,vii41 &1 consequ5tly1 be=e     
#adfa4 ,_! dramatic composition is      
divid$ into n9e books4 ,!y h left to !  
directors ( ! spectacle ! c>e ( divid+ x
 into m or few] days1 accord+ to        
circum/ances4  ,! fir/ book comm5ces ) !
 assembl+ ( ! disciples 9 ! upp] *amb]1 
& repres5ts ! election ( ,/4 ,mat?ias1 !
 desc5t ( ! ,holy ,_s1 & ! e>li] prea*+ 
( ! apo/les :5 brav+ ! p]secutions ( !  
synagogue4 ,! second book ext5ds f !    
m>tyrdom ( ,/4 ,/eph5 to ! conv]sion (  

,/4 ,paul4 ,! ?ird is fill$ ) ! leg5d>y 
traditions conc]n+ ! apo/le%ip ( ,/     
,?omas 9 ,india4 ,! f\r? br+s back !    
spectacle to ,j]usalem1 :]e ,h]od dies  
aft] hav+ cut (f ! head ( ,/4 ,james !  
,great]2 !n ! sc5e is transf]r$ to      
,antio*1 :]e ,/4 ,pet]1 at !            
solicitation ( ,simon ! ,magician1 is   
put into prison1 & obta9s 8 lib]ty by   
re/or+ to life ! son ( ! pr9ce ( t city 
:o _h be5 dead t5 ye>s4 ,! fif? book    
conta9s1 fir/1 ! prea*+ ( ,/4 ,paul at  
,a!ns1 :]e he conv]ts ,/4 ,d5is1 !      
future apo/le ( ,france2 !n1 ! dea? ( ! 
,bless$ ,virg91 at :i* ! apo/les are    
pres5t1 br\ght toge!r sudd5ly by a      
miracle4 ,! six? book is consecrat$ to !
 apo/le%ip & m>tyrdom ( ,/4 ,mat!w 9    
,e?iopia1 ( ,/4 ,b>nabas 9 ! ,isle (    
,cyprus1 ( ,/4 ,simon & ,/4 ,jude at    
,babylon1 &1 f9ally1 ( ,/4 ,b>?olomew1  
:om ,pr9ce ,a/yages flay$ alive4 ,9 !   
sev5? book1 ,/4 ,?omas ends 8 apo/le%ip 
9 ,india1 sla9 by ! sword2 ,/4 ,mat?ias 
is /on$ to dea? by ! ,jews2 ,/4 ,&rew is

 crucifi$ by ! provo/ ( ,a*aia2 !       
,emp]or ,claudius dies & ,n]o succe$s   
him4 ,9 ! eigh? book1 ,/4 ,philip & ,/4 
,james ! ,less suff] m>tyrdom at        
,hi]apolis4 ,! two pr9ces comb9e ) !    
apo/les aga9/ ,simon ! ,magician & br+ 8
 miracles to naught4 ,/ ,paul recalls   
,patroclus to life1 :o _h fall5 f a high
 w9d[ :ile sleep+ ov] ! apo/olic s]mon4 
,9 ! n9? & la/ book1 ,simon ! ,magician1
 avail+ himself ( 8 mo/ p[]ful          
en*antm5ts 9 ord] to deceive ! ,romans1 
hav+ caus$ himself to be lift$ into !   
air by ! demons1 falls at ! voice ( ,/4 
,pet] & is kill$4 ,n]o av5ges him by    
imprison+ ,/4 ,pet] & ,/4 ,paul--puts to
 dea? ,proces & ,m>t9ian1 _! gaol]s1 :om
 !y _h conv]t$ & by :om !y 7 set at     
lib]ty--arre/s ! two apo/les anew1 &    
condemns "o to be crucifi$1 ! o!r to be 
behead$4 ,!n1 t]rifi$ by ! successive   
app>itions ( ! two m>tyrs1 :o ann\nce to
 him ! v5geance ( heav51 he invokes !   
demons1 dem&s _! c\nsel1 kills himself1 
& ! devils be> away 8 s\l to hell4  ,:5 

we add t ea* book is fill$ ) /rik+      
conv]sions1 t "s t]m9ate ) ! baptism ( a
 :ole city or a :ole p1 & t ! apo/les   
insure ! triumph ( ! gospel ev5 9 dea?1 
a suffici5t idea w h be5 giv5 ( !       
hi/oric procession & ! moral unity ( ?is
 drama1 or r ( ?is epic work$ up 9      
dialogue & arrang$ = ! #eha /age4 ,b 9  
ord] to get a cle>] notion ( its        
!atrical p[] & poetic features1 x is    
necess>y to direct our att5tion1 9 !    
fir/ place1 to ! int]e/ ( ! leg5ds :i*  
are "h bl5d$ con/antly ) hi/ory2 &1 9 ! 
second place1 to ! fairy art & !        
magnific5ce ( ! spectacle4  ,"h1 =      
in/ance1 is an example ( ! leg5d>y      
poetry int]wov5 9 ! piece4 ,we borr[ x f
 ! ?ird book4 ,gond(orus1 k+ ( ,india1  
wi%es to build a magnific5t palace2 b he
 is 9 want ( ar*itects1 & !re=e s5ds 8  
provo/ ,abanes to ,rome 9 se>* ( "o4 ,! 
mess5g] m\nts at once on a drom$>y3 he  
is foll[$ by a s]vant lead+ a camel4 ,9 
?ree & a half h\rs !y are at ,caes>ea 9 
,pale/9e1 :]e ! apo/le ,/4 ,james is    

dwell+4 ,/4 ,mi*ael _h desc5d$ f heav5  
to anticipate ! arrival ( ,abanes1 &    
comm&s ! apo/le1 9 ! "n ( our ,"l1 to   
(f] himself z ar*itect4 ,direct$ by !   
ar*angel1 he acco/s ,abanes & tells him 
t he is ! man he seeks4 ,!y breakfa/    
toge!r & set out1 n ?is "t on a drom$>y 
& a camel1 b 9 a %ip conduct$ by        
,pal9urus1 :o _h j arriv$1 br++ ,/4     
,james1 ! son ( ,zeb$ee1 f ,spa9 to     
,pale/9e4 ,:ile !y are mak+ ! voyage1 ! 
k+ ( ,&r9opolis is hold+ c\nsel ^u !    
mann] ( celebrat+ ! nuptials ( 8 daught]
 ,pelagia1 :o is esp\s$ to ! "y *evali] 
,d5is2 & ! result ( ?is delib]ation is t
 he mu/ invite ev]ybody :o c come4 ,!   
apo/le & ! ,provo/ disemb>k at          
,&r9opolis at v mom5t :5 ! h]ald !      
proclamation1 9 ! "n ( ! k+1 summon+ to 
! banquet citiz5s ( all conditions & ev5
 rang]s--pilgrims & wayf>]s4 ,/4 ,?omas 
consequ5tly is pres5t at ! nuptial fea/4
 ,a "y ,jewess *ants a r\ndelay3    ,!re
 is a ,god ( ,hebrew /ory4   ,dwell+ 9  
et]nal glory   ,:o fir/ ( all ?+s claims

 our love3   ,:o made ! e>?1 sea1 sky   
above1   ,& taught ! morn+ />s to s+4   
,high w\ld ,i laud ?is virtu\s k+1   ,& 
blam+ naught1 8 praises r+   ,?r\gh e   
hall1 ?r\gh e grove4   ,!re is a ,god ( 
,hebrew /ory1   ,dwell+ 9 et]nal glory1 
,:o fir/ ( all ?+s claims our love4     
,footnote #aaf    ,footnote #aaf3 ,%e   
comm5ces 9 ,hebrew3 ,a s>ahel zadab     
ahebo91 ,aga   sela tanme? ?avehel      
,elyphale? a d] dean991 etc4 ,!n %e     
translates h] r\ndelay into ,fr5*4  ,/4 
,?omas1 *>m$ ) ?is song1 begs t x may be
 repeat$1 & ! k+'s butl] boxes 8 e>s4   
,ere ! morr[ %all be ?r\gh1   ,?y h& its
 fault w sorely rue1  says ! apo/le1    
add+--    ',tw]e bett] = ?y purgatory1  
,to suff] angui% transitory4  ,?is      
pr$iction is n t>dy ( accompli%m5t4 ,!  
butl] is s5t to ! f\nta9 by ! cup-be>]4 
,a lion comes up1 & ) a snap ( 8 tee?   
bites (f ! guilty h&1 :ile ! poor man   
dies rep5tant & comm5d+ 8 s\l to ,god4  
,9 ! banquet hall all is gay confusion1 
:5 pres5tly a dog ent]s ) ! dissev]$ h&4

 ,! k+1 in=m$ ( ! prophecy & its        
accompli%m5t1 pro/rates himself ) 8 :ole
 family at ! feet ( ! apo/le1 :o blesses
 him4 ,all at once !re appe>s a bran* ( 
palm cov]$ ) dates4 ,! w$d$ c\ple eat ( 
x & !n fall asleep4 ,9 _! dreams angels 
c\nsel !m to pres]ve _! virg9ity4 ,aft] 
hav+ baptiz$ ! k+ ( ,&r9opolis & all 8  
h\sehold1 ,/4 ,?omas r5ews 8 j\rney ) 8 
guide1 & arrives 9 ,india4  ,gond(orus &
 8 bro!r ,agatus salute ! ar*itect :om  
,abanes has br\ght4 ,well1 ma/]1 at :at 
s*ool did y /udy y\r art8 ,my ma/]      
surpasses all o!rs 9 excell5ce4 ,& ( :om
 did he le>n 8 sci5ce8    ,ma/] & tea*] 
_h he none1   ,he le>ne? f himself      
alone4  ,:]e is he8    ,9 a c\ntry f>   
away1   ,he lives & rule? regally3   ,! 
sons ( m5 8 s]vants be1   ,8 twelve     
appr5tices are we4  #ehb  ,! k+1 amaz$  
at ! k ( ! /rang]1 gives him a va/ sum (
 gold1 = ! con/ruction ( 8 palace4 ,b x 
0 n an e>?ly edifice t ! apo/le propos$ 
to build--x 0 a heav5ly & spiritual     
edifice ^: mat]ials 7 alms & good works4

 ,he !re=e di/ributes among ! begg>s :om
 he meets all ! money :i* has be5 giv5  
him4 ,at ! end ( two ye>s1 ,gond(orus   
comes to see ! build+1 & n f9d+ x1 he   
?us addresses ,/4 ,?omas & ,abanes3     
,sc\ndrels )\t consci5ce born1   ,:]e   
has all my money gone8   ,my tru/ 9 y   
has co/ me de>4  ,,?omas    ,sire1 !re) 
,i did upre>   ,a palace fair1 ( r>e    
device   ,= y--  ,,agatus4    ,:]e is't8
  ,,?omas4    ,9 ,p>adise4  ,! ,indian  
k+1 :o does n und]/& t /yle (           
ar*itecture1 ?r[s ,/4 ,?omas & ,abanes  
into prison4 ,sc>cely has he return$    
home ) 8 foll[]s1 :5 ,agatus sudd5ly    
dies4 ,! angels desc5d 9 ha/e to be> 8  
s\l to heav54  ,footnote #aag ,:at d ,i 
see8 he cries4 ,! palace :i* ,?omas has 
made = ?y bro!r1 replies ,raphael4      
,great ,god1 b ,i am n pure en\gh to be 
its port]6 ,?y bro!r1 said ,uriel1 has  
made himself unwor?y ( x4 ,b if ?\      
desire/1 we w supplicate our ,"l to     
re/ore !e to e>?1 & ?is palace %all be  
?9e :5 ?\ ha/ repaid ! k+ 8 money4 ,!   

s\l ( ,agatus joyfully agre$ to ?is1 & 0
 re/or$ to its body by ,uriel4 ,!n      
,agatus1 z soon z life return$1 arose & 
told ,gond(orus all t he _h se51 propos+
 to reimburse him = all ! exp5ses ( ?is 
heav5ly palace ! possession ( :i* he    
desir$4 ,! amaz$ k+1 wi%+ to secure !   
beautiful palace = himself1 goes & fl+s 
himself at ! feet ( ,/4 ,?omas1 besee*+ 
baptism = himself & c\rt4    ,footnote  
#aag3 ,al?\gh ! arts ( ! middle ages1   
says ,fa!r   ,cahi]1 did n adopt an     
absolutely inv>iable =m = !             
repres5tation ( s\ls1 ! mo/ ord9>y      
symbol is t ( a   small1 nude figure    
escap+ f ! m\?1 l a sword drawn f   !   
%ea?4 ,monagraphie de la ,ca!drale de   
,b\rges1 p4 #aeh1 note   #b4  ,:5 !     
,my/]y ( ! ,acts ( ! ,apo/les 0 play$ at
 ,bruges 9 #aecf1 s p]fect 0 !          
repres5tation ( ?is leg5d & ! o!r m>vels
 ( ! piece1 says ! old hi/orian ,du     
,b]ry1 t _m ( ! he>]s ?\ght x real & n  
feign$4 ,!y saw1 among a ?\s& o!r       
wondr\s sights1 ! provo/ ( ! k+ ( !     

,indies ent] rid+ on a huge drom$>y1 v  
well con/ruct$1 :i* mov$ its head1 op5$ 
its m\?1 & ran out its tongue4 ,:5 !    
butl] 0 puni%$1 !y saw a lion /eal up & 
bite (f ! h&1 & a dog :o bore x /ill    
ble$+ into ! mid/ ( ! fea/]s4 ,^! 7 n ! 
only animal prodigies t pass$ "u ! eyes 
( ! spectators4 ,9 ! repres5tation ( !  
sixte5? book1 = example1 two sorc]]s1   
irritat$ aga9/ ,/4 ,mat!w1 caus$ a      
multitude ( s]p5ts to appe>1 & ! apo/le 
summon$ =? f ! e>? a v t]rible dragon   
:i* dev\r$ !m4 ,9 ano!r "p ( ?is same   
book1 ,/4 ,philip1 hav+ be5 l$ be=e !   
god ,m>s1 makes a dragon leap =? f ! m\?
 ( ! idol1 :i* kills ! son ( ! pagan    
bi%op1 two tribunes1 & two v>lets4 ,9 ! 
c\rse ( ! sev5? book1 a /ill m          
extraord9>y automaton appe>s4 ,/4 ,&rew 
deliv]s ,greece f a mon/r\s s]p5t fifty 
cubits long4 ,"h1 says ! note introduc$ 
= ! ord]+ ( ! my/]y1 an oak mu/ be      
plant$1 & a s]p5t mu/ be coil$ b5ea? !  
said oak1 gl>+1 & mu/ vomit =? a great  
quantity ( blood & !n die4  ,! m>vels ( 

! art multiply !mselves inf9itely & 9   
all directions4 ,we see1 = example1     
idols crumbl+ into p[d] at ! voice ( !  
apo/les1 & temples cru%+ ! pagans 9 _!  
fall4 ,we see ,saul #ehc /ruck d[n f 8  
horse by a great light out ( heav52 ,/4 
,?omas walk+ ov] r$-hot iron2 ,/4       
,b>nabas fa/ b\nd ^u a c>t-:eel ov] a   
pan ( live coals1 :i* burn him to c9d]s4
 ,footnote #aah ,we see1 also1 ! apo/les
 borne ?r\gh ! air to assi/ at ! dea? ( 
! ,virg94 ,"h lightn+ mu/ be made 9 a   
:ite cl\d1 & ?is cl\d mu/ float ar\nd   
,/4 ,john1 :o is prea*+ at ,ephesus1 &  
he mu/ be borne 9 ! cl\d to ! gates (   
,notre ,dame4 ,a mom5t aft]1 ?und] &    
lightn+ mu/ bur/ =? f a :ite cl\d :i*   
%all veil ov] ! apo/les z !y prea* 9    
diff]5t c\ntries1 & be> !m be=e ! gates 
( ,notre ,dame4 ,:ile ! apo/les are     
c>ry+ ! body ( ! ,holy ,virg9 to ! tomb1
 *ant+ ,9 exitu ,israel de ,egypto1 a   
rosy cl\d 9 %ape l a coronet mu/ desc5d1
 on :i* %\ld be _m holy sa9ts hold+ nak$
 swords & d>ts4 ,a mob ( ,jews come to  

lay h&s on ! %r9e4 ,z soon z !y t\* x1  
_! h&s mu/ be glu$ to ! litt] & become  
)]$ & black2 & ! angels 9 ! cl\d mu/ ca/
 d[n fire ^u !m & a /orm ( d>ts4 ,!     
sacrilegi\s ,jews are /ruck ) bl9dness4 
,"s ( !m are conv]t$ & recov] _! sight4 
,five rema9 ob/9ate4 ,! devils come to  
torm5t !m1 & f9ally /rangle !m4 ,"h _!  
s\ls rise 9 ! air & ! devils be> !m     
away4 ,la/ly1 we h ! ,assumption ( !    
,holy ,virg94 ,"h ,gabriel puts a s\l   
into ! body ( ,m>y1 aft] ,mi*ael has    
roll$ away ! /one4 ,& ! ,virg9 ,m>y     
rises to h] knees1 a halo ( glory r\nd  
h] l ! sun4 ,!n a gr& pause ( ! organ or
 an!m1 :ile ,m>y is be+ plac$ 9 ! cl\d  
on :i* %e w asc5d4 ,! angels %\ld s+ z  
!y disappe> ,v5ite asc5damus1 & ! angels
 ought to surr\nd ! ,virg9 & be> h]     
above ,gabriel & ! o!r angels4 ,lift$   
?us above n9e *oirs ( angels1 %e elicits
 va/ admiration1 & behold+ f ! height ( 
heav5 ,/4 ,?omas1 :o c\ld n arrive 9 "t 
to assi/ at h] dea? & receive h] la/    
b5$iction1 %e ?r[s him h] girdle4       

,footnote #aah3 ,d>u w pret5d to burn   
,b>nabas1 & w burn a   feign$ body1 & w 
l[] ,b>nabas "u ! e>?4  ,?us 9 ?is      
drama1 requir+ =ty days & five hundr$ & 
?irty p]sons ,footnote #aai = its       
p]=mance1 heav51 air1 e>?1 hell1 all    
p>ticipat$ 9 ! movem5t & ! spectacle4   
,:at k9d ( a !atre 0 requir$ = su* sc5ic
 action8 ,9 ! sixte5? c5tury m5 saw     
!atres ) two /ages = ! miracles ( ,notre
 ,dame4 ,! ,my/]ies ( ! ,acts ( !       
,apo/les & ( ! ,passion requir$ ?ree4   
,heav5 0 on high1 hell bel[1 e>? 9      
mid-space4 ,let u attempt to build anew 
^! !atres be=e ! eyes ( our read]s4     
,footnote #aai3 ,?is is ! numb] ( actors
 employ$ 9 !   repres5tation made at    
,bruges 9 #aecf1 accord+ to !           
calculation   ( ,m4 ,*evali] de         
,sa9t-,am&4 ,cahi]1 ,monographie de la  
,ca!drale de ,b\rges1 p4 #aec4 ,we f9d  
only #dhd p]sons 9 !   ,rep]toire1 des  
noms cont5us au jeu des actes des       
apotres4 ,see   ! edition ( ?is ,my/]y  
publi%$ at ,p>is 9 #aeda by ,arn\l   &  

,*>les les ,angli]s1 "u ?is title3 ,les 
ca?oliques   ,o,euvres et ,actes des    
,apotres4  ,p>adise 0 an amphi!atre 9   
=m4 ,high above appe>$ ! ,deity1 seat$  
^u a gold5 ?rone & ov]look+ all--! /age 
& ! audi5ce4 ,at ! f\r corn]s ( 8 ?rone 
sat f\r p]sons repres5t+ ,peace1 ,m]cy1 
,ju/ice1 ,tru?4 ,at _! feet 7 n9e *oirs 
( angels rang$ by hi]>*ies ^u ! /eps4   
,!re 0 space also = ! bless$ spirits & =
 ! organ :i* accompani$ ! cele/ial      
*ants4 ,ev]y?+ fla%$ & glitt]$4 ,! pa9t]
 & ! c>v] 7 prodigal ( _! wond]s4 ,( ?is
 we c =m a judgm5t f a description ( !  
p>adise display$ at ,bruges on !        
repres5tation ( ! ,triumphant ,my/]y ( !
 ,acts ( ! ,apo/les4 ,accord+ to a      
contempor>y n>rative1 five hundr$ & odd 
actors1 sally+ =? f ! abbey ( ,/4       
,sulpice on ,sunday aft]noon1 ,april    
#cj1 #aecf1 bore ) !m 9 great pomp !    
app>atus ( a spectacle :i* !y 7 ab\t to 
give at ! amphi!atre ( ! ,ar5es4 #ehd   
,!y _h a p>adise twelve feet long1 &    
eight feet wide4 ,x _h all ar\nd x op5  

?rones pa9t$ to resemble pass+ cl\ds1 & 
bo? )\t & )9 7 little angels z *]ubim & 
s]aphim1 p[]s & dom9ations1 9           
bas-relief1 _! h&s jo9$ & always mov+4  
,9 ! middle 0 a seat fa%ion$ l a ra9b[1 
^u :i* 0 seat$ ! ,godhead--,fa!r1 ,son1 
& ,holy ,gho/2 & beh9d 7 two gold suns  
revolv+ cont9u\sly 9 oppos+ orbits4 ,at 
! f\r corn]s 7 seats on :i* repos$      
,ju/ice1 ,peace1 ,tru?1 & ,m]cy1 ri*ly  
clo!d2 & beside ! said ,godhead 7 two   
small angels *ant+ hymns & canticles to 
! music ( ! play]s on ! flute1 ! h>p1 ! 
lute1 ! rebec1 & ! viol1 :o circl$ ab\t 
! p>adise4  ,! same acc\nt describes a  
hell f\rte5 feet 9 l5g? & eight 9 wid?4 
,x 0 made 9 ! fa%ion ( a rock1 ^u :i* 0 
rais$ a t[] always burn+ & s5d+ =?      
flames4 ,at ! f\r corn]s ( ! said rock 7
 f\r small t[]s1 )9 :i* appe>$ spirits  
und]go+ div]se torm5ts1 & on ! =e-edge (
 ! rock wri!d a great s]p5t1 hiss+ &    
emitt+ fire f 8 m\? & e>s & no/rils2 &  
along ! passages ( ! said rock tw9$ &   
crawl$ all k9ds ( s]p5ts & great toads4 

,! =m & dim5sions ( ?is fi]y cav]n v>i$ 
accord+ to ! exig5cies ( ! dramatic     
action2 b its place 0 inv>iably 9 ! l[] 
"p ( ! !atre4 ,9 ?is 7 assembl$ all !   
diabl]ie1 usually compris+ a doz5       
pr9cipal p]sonages2 & f !nce issu$ a    
t]rible /orm ( h[ls & %rieks4 ,lucif] 0 
!re1 & ,satan1 ,belial1 ,c]b]us1 ,a/>o?1
 ,burgibus1 ,levia?an1 ,pros]p9e1 & o!r 
devils great & small4 ,! gate ?r\gh :i* 
!y pass$ :5 com+ to e>? to torm5t       
mank9d1 appe>$ 9 %ape l ! enorm\s jaws (
 a dragon1 & 0 call$ hell's m\?4        
,footnote #abj    ,footnote #abj3 ,at ! 
repres5tation ( ! ,my/]y ( ! ,passion   
at ,metz1 9 ,july1 #adcg4 ,! m\? ( hell 
0 exce$+ly well   made1 = x op5$ & %ut  
:5 ! devils wi%$ to ent] or g   =?1 & x 
_h a great /eel "u-"w4 ,*ronique de     
,metz1   ,,ms42 compos$ by a cure ( ,/4 
,eu/a*e1 cit$ by ,beau*amps1 9 !        
,re*]*es sur les !atres4''  ,limbo1 :5  
dem&$ by ! peculi> features ( ! play1 z 
9 ! ,my/]y ( ! ,resurrection1 0 plac$   
bel[ hell1 & 0 symboliz$ by a huge t[] )

 slits & grat+s on all sides1 9 ord] t !
 spectators might cat* glimpses ( !     
spirits conf9$ !re4 ,z ^! spirits 7 only
 /atuettes1 !re 0 /ation$ beh9d ! t[] a 
body ( m5 :o h[l$ & %riek$ 9 conc]t1 &  
:5 any?+ 0 to be said to ! audi5ce1 a   
/rong & lu/y voice spoke 9 ! "n ( all4  
,footnote #aba ,:5 a purgatory 0 ne$$1 x
 0 locat$ & con/ruct$ aft] ne>ly ! same 
mann]4    ,footnote #aba3 ,my/]es in$its
 du ,x,ve siecle publi%$ by   ,a*ille   
,jub9al1 t4i41 preface1 p4 xlii4 7,p>is1
 #ahcg74 ,let u   rem>k "h 9 pass+1 t   
,m4 ,jub9al1 :o is bett] acqua9t$   ) ! 
manuscripts ( ! middle ages ?an ) 8     
cate*ism1 has   conf\nd$ limbo )        
purgatory4   ,! /age1 prop]ly s call$1  
:i* 0 on a level ) ! audi5ce1 repres5t$ 
e>?--t is1 ! diff]5t c\ntries to :i* !  
dramatic action 0 successively          
transf]r$4 ,x !re=e requir$ a va/ly     
great] space ?an hell or p>adise2 ! "o  
symboliz$ by a cav]n1 & ! o!r by an     
amphi!atre4 ,x 0 divid$ into comp>tm5ts1
 & inscriptions indicat$ ! c\ntries & ! 

cities4 ,?is division 0 effect$ by      
scaffolds entirely sep>ate1 :5 !re 0    
room en\gh4 ,?us at ! ,my/]y ( !        
,passion1 repres5t$ at ,p>is 9 #adcg1 at
 ! entrance ( ,k+ ,*>les ,,vii41 !      
scaffolds occupi$ ! :ole ( ! ,rue ,/4   
,d5is = a di/ance ( a /one's ?r[ on ei!r
 side1 & ! m remote /age1 on :i* ! la/  
judgm5t 0 exhibit$1 0 be=e ,le ,*atelet4
 ,! spectators 7 oblig$ to travel f "o  
"p to ! o!r ) ! actors4 ,b !y rema9$    
seat$1 & c\ld see ! :ole )\t *ange (    
place1 at ! p]=mance ( ! same my/]y1    
giv5 ! same ye> at ,metz1 9 ! #ehe pla9 
( ,veximiel4 ,= ! va/ semicircle de/9$ =
 ! assembly _h n9e r[s ( seats1 & beh9d 
7 ! gr& *airs = ! lords & dames assembl$
 f all p>ts ( ! prov9ce1 & ev5 f        
,g]many4 ,x 0 ! same at ,bruges on !    
prec$+ ye> at ! repres5tation ( ! ,acts 
( ! ,apo/les4 ,! enclosure occupi$ !    
:ole space ( ! anci5t amphi!atre1       
commonly call$ ! ,dit* ( ! ,ar5es4 ,x _h
 two /ages1 & va/ pavilions protect$ !  
spectators f ! inclem5cy ( ! wea!r & !  

heat ( ! sun4  ,b ?ree ye>s aft]1 9     
#aeda1 :5 ! burgesses ( ,p>is play$ t   
imm5se drama 9 ! hall ( l',hotel de     
,fl&re1 or :5 ! ,frat]nity ( ! ,passion 
gave _! repres5tations = a c5tury & a   
half1 at _! !atre ( ! ,tr9ity1 9 a hall 
"o hundr$ & tw5ty-n9e feet long &       
?irty-six feet deep1 h[ 7 local         
di/9ctions indicat$8 ,!n ! /age1 9      
default ( space1 0 divid$ by simple     
p>titions1 & inscriptions1 indicat+     
beyond mi/ake ! h\ses1 cities1 & div]se 
c\ntries1 7 m indisp5sable ?an ev]4 ,we 
may rem>k1 f9ally1 t 9 ! great my/]ies1 
divid$ by days1 x 0 easy dur+ ! tempor>y
 susp5sion ( ! play to give a new aspect
 to ! /age by a *ange ( sc5]y4          
,sometimes1 also1 z 9 ! prec$+ c5tury1 !
 actors 7 oblig$ to in=m ! audi5ce t !y 
7 transport$ f "o place to ano!r by     
say+1 ,"h we come to ,be?lehem--to      
,j]usalem4 ,we are mak+ sail = ,rome--= 
,a!ns1 etc4 ,& ! illusion 0 kept up1 z  
f> z c\ld be1 by ! cessation ( ! music1 
9 ! int]val dur+ :i*1 to use an         

expression ( ,m4 ,sa9te-,beuve1 ! mighty
 tra9 swept on across space & "t4       
,pass+ f ! ar*itecture ( ! !atre to !   
physiognomy ( ! actors1 let u /udy !    
mann] 9 :i* !y 7 recruit$4 ,!re 7 /ock  
companies1 & extemporiz$ companies4 ,( !
 fir/ description 7 ! ,frat]nity ( !    
,passion1 s celebrat$ 9 ! hi/ory ( !    
repres5tations ( ! my/]ies at ! end ( ! 
middle ages4 ,!re 7 also ! burgesses (  
,p>is1 artisans ( all h&icrafts1 :o1 at 
! end ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 assembl$ at ! 
village ( ,/4 ,maur1 ne> ,v9c5nes1 to   
give on fe/al days _! pi\s spectacles4  
,int]dict$ ,june #c1 #acih1 by ord9ance 
( ! provo/ ( ,p>is1 :o mi/ru/$ ?is      
novelty1 !y obta9$ f ,k+ ,*>les ,,vi41  
by lett]s pat5t ( ,decemb] #d1 #adjb1   
p]mission to play ev5 at ,p>is1 & at !  
same "t _! society 0 elevat$ into a     
p]man5t frat]nity1 "u ! title ( ,de la  
,passion de ,notre ,seigneur1 & 0       
in/all$ ne> ! gate ,/4 ,d5is 9 ! anci5t 
hospital ( ! ,tr9ity1 !n = "s "t disus$4
  ,x w\ld appe> t 9 c]ta9 prov9ces1     

cities1 & ev5 p>i%es1 _h1 l ,p>is1 _!   
association ( miracle-play]s4 ,b1 mo/   
commonly1 ^! companies 7 improvis$1 &   
consi/$ ( volunte]s4 ,?is 0 ! case at ! 
gigantic repres5tations ( ! ,my/]y ( !  
,acts ( ! ,apo/les at ,bruges & at      
,p>is4 ,we h /ill ! cry & public        
proclamation made at ,p>is1 ,?ursday1 ! 
sixte5? ( ,decemb]1 #aedj1 by ! comm& ( 
our "l ! k+1 ,francis ,i4 by "n1 &      
monsieur ! provo/ ( ,p>is1 summon+ ! p  
to fill ! p>ts necess>y = ! play+ ( said
 my/]y4 ,at eight o'clock ( ! morn+ !re 
7 assembl$ at ! ,hotel de ,fl&re1 :]e ! 
my/]y 0 to be p]=m$1 all ^? :o 7 *>g$ ) 
its managem5t1 rhetoricians1 g5tlem5 ( !
 long robe & ! %ort1 lawy]s & common]s1 
cl]gym5 & laity1 9 va/ numb]s4 ,!y p>ad$
 ?r\gh ! /reets 9 f9e app>el1 all well  
m\nt$ accord+ to _! e/ate & capacity1   
prec$$ by six trumpet]s & escort$ by    
num]\s s]geants ( ! provo/1 :o kept !   
cr[d 9 *eck4 ,!y halt$ at e squ>e1 &1   
aft] a triple fl\ri% ( trumpets1 a      
public cri] made ! proclamation1 :i* 0 9

 bad rhyme4 ,t5 days #ehf aft]1 on ,/4  
,/eph5's day1 ! l>ge hall ( ! ,hotel de 
,fl&re--! usual place1 says ! n>rative1 
= mak+ ! records & hold+ ! rehe>sals ( !
 my/]ies1 0 fill$ ) a cr[d ( burgesses &
 m]*ants1 cl]gy & laity1 :o came to     
exhibit _! tal5ts 9 ! pres5ce ( !       
commission]s & lawy]s deput$ to he> !   
voice ( ea* p]son1 reta9+ & remun]at+ !m
 accord+ to ! measure ( _! excell5ce 9 !
 p>ts requir$4 ,! selections hav+ be5   
made1 ! rehe>sals comm5c$ & cont9u$ e   
day until ! p]=mance ( ! my/]y1 :i* 0   
play$ at ! beg9n+ ( ! next ye>4  ,:oev] 
deem$ himself ( any value respond$      
g5]\sly to ^! appeals1 n only among !   
b\rgeois & g5tlem5--artisans &          
magi/rates--b also ! cures & _! vic>s1 !
 canons1 & sometimes ev5 ! fri>s4 ,wom5 
alone 7 exclud$1 ! female p>ts be+      
always fill$ by m54 ,! p>ticipation ( ! 
cl]gy 9 ^! sc5ic div]sions is readily   
acc\nt$ =1 :5 "o consid]s ! moral aim & 
! religi\s "* ( ! plays4 ,all ^! dramas 
repres5t ! my/]ies & hi/ory (           

,*ri/ianity4 ,all comm5ce1 ei!r ) read+s
 f ! ,holy ,scripture or by ! *ant+ ( ! 
hymns ( ! ,*ur*1 or by ! recitation ( ! 
,ave ,m>ia--! :ole assemblage kneel+ &  
jo9+ 9 ! s]vices4 ,all end$1 moreov]1 z 
9 prec$+ c5turies1 ) ! ,te ,deum4 ,!    
spectacle 0 frequ5tly int]rupt$ by      
prea*+1 & m ?an once1 at ! end ( a      
dramatic day1 actors & spectators might 
be se5 w5d+ _! way to *ur* to (f] up    
?anks to heav54 ,beside1 did n ! cl]gy  
f9d !mselves on _! own gr\nd1 9 ^!      
plays1 in/itut$ 9 ord] to increase !    
solemnity ( _! sacr$ days1 & ev9c+      
unque/ionable traces ( a liturgic orig98
 ,let u add f9ally1 ) ,dom ,piol91 t a  
di/9ction 0 rigor\sly ma9ta9$ betwe5    
pr(ane pieces & ^? ^: aim 0 !           
edification & ! in/ruction ( ! fai?ful2 
t :ile zeal\sly keep+ 9 *eck all act+   
:i* c\ld possibly be turn$ to lic5se1 ! 
cl]gy fur!r$ ) all _! p[] ! exhibit+ ( !
 my/]ies4 ,! le>n$ ,b5$ict9 pres5ts to u
 ! *apt] ( ,/4 ,juli5 at ,mans prev5t+1 
9 #aeci1 ! r++ ( ! ca!dral bells 9 ord] 

n to int]rupt a repres5tation ( !       
,miracle ( ,!ophilus2 & /opp+ !m aga91 9
 #aeef1 &1 9 addition1 ha/5+ ! morn+    
(fices & delay+ ^? ( ev5+1 9 ord] to    
accommodate !m to ! "t ( ! p]=mance ( ! 
,my/]y ( ! ,conception ( ! mo/ ,holy    
,virg94  ,aft] ! di/ribution ( p>ts1 all
 ! actors 7 oblig$ on ! spot to pl$ge   
!mselves by oa? & "u p5alty ( a f9e nev]
 to be abs5t f ! rehe>sals4 ,a second   
appeal to ! public good-w 0 necess>y to 
secure a w>drobe = ! hundr$s ( play]s1  
:o on ! day ( exhibition wore sometimes 
! ri*e/ jewels & ! mo/ beautiful /uffs (
 a :ole prov9ce4 ,! magnific5ce ( !     
spectacle at ,bruges1 9 #aecf1 w\ld     
/rike u z incr$ible1 if ! au?or ( !     
n>rative :i* has pres]v$ u ! details1 _h
 n tak5 ! precaution to =ew>n 8 read]s  
at ! />t t he kept )9 ! tru?4 ,z        
illu/rat+ its spl5dor1 take ! foll[+    
examples1 ga!r$ "h & !re f ! volume4    
,/4 ,james ! ,less] wore a sc>f e/imat$ 
at #dej gold cr[ns4 ,! girdle ( ,/4     
,mat!w 0 valu$ at m ?an #ejj cr[ns /]l+4

 ,que5 ,dampdeomopolis1 :o 0 m\nt$ on an
 ambl+ pad :i* 0 cov]$ ) a h\s+ ( black 
velvet & _h a gold fr+$ h>ness1 wore a  
petticoat ( clo? ( gold1 b5ea? a robe ( 
crimson damask bord]$ ) gold *a9s1 :ile 
d[n ! front ran a ri* bead+ ( preci\s   
/ones1 rubies & diamonds1 ( ! value ( m 
?an #b1jjj cr[ns4 ,?is is n all4 ,f head
 to foot gold & jewels glitt]$ #ehg on  
h] p]son4 ,h] head-dress 0 surm\nt$ by a
 :ite fea!r1 & on h] =ehead hung by a   
little ?read ( black silk a huge ori5tal
 pe>l4 ,! wife ( ,h]od ,agrippa _h = h] 
girdle a great gold *a9 ( m ?an #a1jjj  
cr[ns 9 value2 f :i* hung *aplets c>v$ 9
 facets4 ,%e _h on h] neck ano!r great  
*a9 & a coll> ( pe>ls1 :5ce hung a r+ & 
sprig ( f\r diamonds1 & on h] /oma*] 0 a
 dorure :i* bore a gold dog hav+ a great
 ruby hang+ f its neck1 & a great pe>l  
susp5d$ to ! tail4  ,all ^! pr9cesses--&
 !y c\ld be c\nt$ by doz5s--_h ) !m _!  
maids1 _! squires1 & _! pages1 h&somely 
clo!d4 ,!re 7 likewise pr9ces1 k+s1 &   
emp]ors1 :o came f all qu>t]s ( ! _w4   

,no?+ approa*es to ! magnific5ce ( ,n]o4
 ,x w\ld c>ry u too f> out ( our way if 
we %\ld m5tion 9 detail ! num]\s &      
brilliant cortege :i* prec$$ ! =midable 
emp]or :5 ! actors issu$ f ! abbey ( ,/4
 ,sulpice1 :]e !y rob$ !mselves be=e    
ent]+ ! !atre4 ,fir/ came a troop (     
musicians compos$ ( a fif]1 six         
trumpet]s1 & f\r play]s on ! tambor9e2  
next ! gr& provo/ ( ,rome1 m\nt$ on a   
spl5did horse cap>ison$ ) violet-color$ 
sat91 fr+$ ) :ite silk2 !n f\r cavali]s 
att5d+ ! ensign-be>] ( ,n]o2 pres5tly   
f\r companies ( ,moors cr[n$ ) laurels &
 be>+1 "s1 masses ( gild$ silv]1 o!rs1  
vases ( silv] & gold or cornucopiae     
fill$ ) fleurs de lis--or ! armorial    
be>+s ( ! empire int]-work$ on triumphal
 hats4 ,la/ly1 a horse appe>$ cov]$ to !
 gr\nd ) fle%-color$ velvet1 bord]$ )   
trac]y ( gold1 into :i* 7 wov5 ! devices
 ( ,n]o4 ,?is horse1 conduct$ by two    
lackeys clo!d also ) fle%-color$ velvet1
 bore a cu%ion ( silk & clo?-(-gold 9   
,turki% "w1 on :i* lay ?ree cr[ns1 !    

fir/1 solid gold2 ! second1 all pe>ls2 !
 ?ird1 compos$ ( e k9d ( preci\s /one ( 
m>vell\s beauty & ri*ness--& ^! ?ree    
cr[ns =m$ ! imp]ial head-ge>4  ,next !re
 came into sight ano!r horse1 ^: h>ness 
& cap>ison 7 ( blue sat91 fr+$ ) gold & 
be/rewn ) />s made ( embroid]y ( gold   
/uff on a violet field4 ,! two lackeys  
:o l$ x by ! bridle1 _h _! heads uncov]$
 & 7 clo!d ) velvet ( a violet crimson1 
purfl$ ) gold1 sla%$ ) broad sla%es1    
?r\gh :i* ! l9+ ( :ite sat9 %[$ itself 9
 folds4 ,?is 0 ! saddle-horse ( !       
emp]or4  ,aft]w>d came six play]s on !  
hautboy clo!d 9 s>c9et ( a violet       
crimson4  ,n]o appe>$ la/1 borne on a   
high tribunal eight feet wide & t5 long1
 & cov]$ to ! e>? ) clo?-(-gold1 /rewn )
 l>ge embroid]$ eagles1 copi$ z closely 
z possible f ! life4 ,! *air on :i* he 0
 seat$ 0 entirely cov]$ ) ano!r         
clo?-(-gold crimp$4 ,8 sagum1 or milit>y
 cloak1 0 ( blue velvet all purfl$ )    
gold1 ) l>ge fl[]s 9 ne$le-"w aft] !    
antique2 ! sleeves sla%$1 & display+    

b5ea? ! undulat+ folds ( ! l9+1 :i* 0 ( 
gold /uff on a violet field4 ,8 robe1 a 
crimson velvet1 adorn$ ) fl[]s &        
int]lac$ ) gold ?read1 0 l9$ ) velvet ( 
! same color4 ,! cape 0 s]rat$1 ! po9ts 
int]bl5d+1 & 0 be/rewn ) a pr(usion (   
great pe>ls1 & at ea* po9t hung a great 
tassel ( o!r pe>ls4 ,8 hat1 ( ,p]sian   
velvet & ( a tyrannical fa%ion1 0 bord]$
 ) *a9s ( gold & /rewn ) a great        
quantity ( r+s4 ,8 gold cr[n1 ) its     
triple bran*es1 0 fill$ ) gems s num]\s1
 s v>i$1 & ( s great a price t x is     
impossible to specify !m4 ,& 8 coll> 0 n
 less g>ni%$4 ,8 busk9s1 ( ,p]sian      
velvet1 ) small sla%es1 7 lac$ ) *a9s ( 
gold1 & "s r+s hung f 8 #ehh g>t]s4 ,he 
plac$ "o ( 8 feet ^u a casket :i*       
enclos$ ! imp]ial seal & 0 cov]$ ) silv]
 clo? s[n ) gems1 ?us symboliz+ t ! p[] 
( ! empire 0 81 & t all ?+s 7 submissive
 to him4 ,9 8 h& 0 a battle-axe well    
gild$4 ,8 port 0 haughty & 8 mi5 v      
magnific5t4 ,! tribunal1 ) ! mon>* ^u x1
 0 borne by eight captive k+s1 ! drap]y 

conceal+ f ! audi5ce ev]y?+ save _!     
heads1 on :i* re/$ cr[ns ( gold4 ,a     
tr\pe ( musicians foll[$ ) trumpets1    
cl>ions1 tambor9es1 & fifes4 ,!         
procession 0 clos$ by tw5ty-f\r         
cavali]s1 capta9s1 *evali]s1 squires1   
cup-be>]s--"s we>+ ! imp]ial liv]y1 o!rs
 clad accord+ to _! pleasure2 & by      
*>iots :i* 7 load$ ) ! emp]or's baggage 
& viv&]ie1 & 7 drawn by eighte5 or tw5ty
 horses4  ,n]o's sagum1 ) its spl5did   
fl[]-"w aft] ! antique1 8 hat (         
tyrannical fa%ion1 8 battle-axe1 !      
eagles embroid]$ on ! drap]y :i* cov]$ 8
 tribunal1 ! laurel cr[ns :i* begirt !  
br[s ( 8 ,moori% gu>ds1 ! cornucopiae1 !
 vases ( gold & silv] :i* !y c>ri$1 all 
indicate a t5d5cy t[>d hi/orical co/ume4
 ,?is is also se5 9 ! robes ( !         
sev5ty-two disciples approa*+ ! anci5t  
mann]--! caps ( ! high prie/s1 ,josephus
 & ,abia*>1 made accord+ to ! ,jewi%    
mann]--! dagg] ( ,polemius1 k+ (        
,arm5ia1 ! gold5 h&le ( :i* 0 prep>$    
aft] ! antique--! robe1 fa%ion$ aft] !  

,hebrew mann]1 :i* 0 worn by ! "y ,jew  
:om we saw s++ at ! m>riage ( ,pelagia &
 ,d5is4 ,b ap>t f ^! examples & "s o!rs 
:i* are f\nd "h & !re 9 ! pomp\s        
catalogue ( ! actors ( ,bruges1 ev]ybody
 us$ great lib]ty & mu* fancifulness 9 !
 *oice ( habilim5ts4 ,ea* p]son took !  
mo/ beautiful ?+s he c\ld lay h&s on4 ,!
 cortege ( ,n]o clos$1 z we h se51 by   
cavali]s dress$ aft] _! own pleasure4 ,!
 m>e*al ( ,migdeus1 k+ ( ,great] ,ynde1 
& 8 valet1 _h taffeta clo!s :ile be>+ on
 _! %\ld]s b>s ( iron & mallets4 ,! "l (
 ,quantilly1 au?or ( ! relation f :i* we
 h d]iv$ our details1 aft] hav+ spok5 ( 
a gr\p ( eighte5 or tw5ty p]sons bl9d1  
halt1 demoniac1 lep]s & vagabonds1      
confesses t !y 7 too well clad to accord
 ) _! condition4  ,?us f> we h conc]n$  
ourselves ) ! hi/ory ( ! my/]ies & _!   
repres5tation2 we %all n[ proce$ to a   
critical retrospect ( ! subject4  ,!    
trilogy ( ! ,my/]y ( ! ,passion & !     
,triumphant ,my/]y ( ! ,acts ( !        
,apo/les1 des]ve an important place 9 ! 

hi/ory ( ,fr5* dramatic art1 n only     
because !y *>act]ize ! epo* ( :i* !y 7 !
 two *ief works1 b also because !y h an 
intimate & an ess5tial connection ) !   
tragic ma/]pieces ( ! eighte5? c5tury--a
 connection also :i* has be5 little     
notic$4 ,we propose to consid] ! lit]>y 
value & ! influ5ce ( ^? two plays1      
comm5c+ ) an e/imate ( ! mise en sc5e & 
! spectacle ^: fairy-l pomp & imm5se    
popul>ity we h j tak5 9 view4  ,!       
dramatic writ]s & ! manag]s ( ! my/]ies 
7 well aw>e t to move ! multitude ! eye 
is ( great] p[] ?an ! e>4 ,we h se5 t !y
 direct$ all _! en]gies to ! m>vels (   
/age effect4 ,b !y did n li/5 to !      
precept ( ! poet1 a precept f\nd$ on ! v
 nature ( art1 :i* enjo9s t only ^? ?+s 
%\ld be int]wov5 into ! composition :i* 
c be witness$ )\t incr$ulity & )\t      
disgu/4 ,if ! devils int]v5e1 !y mu/ be 
introduc$ ) _! bat-%ap$ w+s ev] mov+1 & 
fire issu+ f _! no/rils1 _! m\?1 & _!   
e>s1 :ile !y held 9 _! h&s #ehi fi]y    
di/affs %ap$ l s]p5ts2 t ,c]b]us1 port] 

( hell1 %\ld h on 8 helmet ?ree heads   
emitt+ flame1 & t ! keys he c>ri$ 9 8 h&
 %\ld seem to h j issu$ f a furnace1 !y 
sp>kl$ s2 t ! long & hide\s brea/s (    
,pros]p9e %\ld drip incessantly ) blood1
 & ) jets ( fire at int]vals2 t ,lucif] 
%\ld h a casque vomit+ =? flames        
unceas+ly1 & %\ld hold 9 8 grasp h&fuls 
( vip]s :i* mov$ 9 fi]y twi/s4 ,x 0 !n  
ev]y:]e fire1 &1 above all1 real fire--=
 ! contempor>y au?ority :o furni%es u ) 
! details is p>ticul> to tell u1 two    
sev]al times1 t !re 7 p employ$ to fe$  
?is fire4  ,! fire ?us c>ri$ ab\t by !  
devils 9 all _! go+s & com+s1 & ev]     
bur/+ f ! m\? ( hell :5 op5$1 became    
naturally ! occasion ( num]\s accid5ts4 
,we h an example ( ?is nature :i* might 
h be5 tragical1 b by good luck 0 only   
ludicr\s1 9 ! p]=mance ( ! ,my/]y ( ,/4 
,m>t9 at ,seurre1 9 #adif4 ,at !        
comm5cem5t ( ! spectacle1 :i* la/$ ?ree 
days1 & op5$ ) a sc5e ( diabl]ie1 ! man 
:o held ! role ( ,satan hav+ wi%$1 says 
an (ficial report ( ?is epo*1 to asc5d  

to e>?1 caught fire 9 8 ne!r g>m5ts1 & 0
 sev]ely burnt4 ,b he 0 s sudd5ly rescu$
 & reclo!d1 t1 )\t any "o be+ aw>e ( !  
accid5t1 he w5t ?r\gh ) 8 "p & !n retir$
 to 8 h\se4 ,! affair _h occurr$ 9 !    
morn+ betwe5 sev5 & eight o'clock4 ,:5  
he return$ at "o 9 ! aft]noon1 ! int]val
 all[$1 accord+ to usage1 = ! audi5ce to
 d9e 9 be+ n[ ov]1 he address$ to       
,lucif]1 :o 0 ! cause ( 8 misadv5ture1  
f\r impromptu v]ses t ! public applaud$ 
exce$+ly1 b _! grossness prev5ts our    
reproduc+ !m4  ,^! mat]ial imitations ( 
physical nature & ^! exagg]ations ( !   
spectacle appe> ev]y:]e4 ,:5 !y wi%$1 = 
example1 to repres5t a m>tyr1 x 0       
necess>y t ! victim %\ld be visibly     
tortur$4 ,we h ev51 9 ! repres5tation ( 
! ,my/]y ( ! ,acts ( ! ,apo/les1 ,/4    
,b>nabas disappe>+ adroitly & leav+ 8   
c\nt]feit pres5tm5t 9 ! h&s ( !         
execution]1 :o b9ds x ^u a :eel & sets x
 revolv+ ov] a burn+ brazi] be=e ! eyes 
( ! spectators4 ,:5 ,/4 ,paul 0         
decapitat$1 x 0 requisite t 8 head1 z x 

fell to ! gr\nd1 %\ld leap ?ree times1 &
 t at ea* b\nd1 9 accordance ) !        
tradition1 a f\nta9 %\ld gu% =?4 ,:5 !y 
repres5t$ ! crucifixion ( our ,"l1 & !  
despair ( ,judas1 x 0 necess>y t !      
,savi\r ( ! _w %\ld be se5 nail$ to !   
cross = ! space ( ?ree h\rs1 & t !      
traitor be hung mis]ably f a tree4 ,on !
 p]=mance ( ! ,my/]y ( ! ,passion be=e !
 p ( ,lorra9e 9 #adcg1 ,god1 accord+ to 
a *ronicl] ( ! "t1 0 imp]sonat$ by ,sir 
,nicole don ,neuf-,*a/el1 :o 0 cure (   
,/4 ,victor at ,metz1 & w\ld h ne>ly di$
 on ! cross1 _h he n be5 succor$2 &     
ano!r prie/ _h to be put 9 8 place to   
p]fect ! repres5tation ( ! crucifixion4 
,! next day ! said cure1 aft] hav+      
repos$1 play$ ! resurrection & bore 8 "p
 sup]bly4 ,ano!r prie/1 :o 0 call$      
,messire ,jehan de ,nicey1 & :o 0 *apla9
 ( ,metrange1 act$ ,judas1 & 0 almo/    
kill$ by hang+1 = 8 he>t fail$ him1 & he
 0 "r spe$ily cut d[n4  ,! ta/e ( !     
sixte5? & sev5te5? c5turies = ^!        
mat]iali/ic repres5tations 0 su* t = !  

sc5ic features ( ! long] my/]ies !y     
cont5t$ !mselves sometimes ) a simple   
pantomime4 ,inde$1 on ,septemb] #h1     
#adbd1 at ! solemn entry ( ! ,duke (    
,b$=d1 ! ,engli% ,reg5t ( ,france1 !    
*ildr5 ( ,p>is1 to adopt ! expression ( 
,sauval1 play$ ! ,my/]y ( ! ,old & ,new 
,te/am5t )\t #eij spee* or sign1 z if !y
 _h be5 images c>v$ on a frieze4  ,!    
infancy ( art1 :i* appe>$ ev]y:]e at ?is
 epo* 9 ! repres5tation ( ! ,my/]ies1 0 
especially visible 9 _! /yle & 9 _!     
composition4 ,a rapid exam9ation ( its  
lit]>y faults w suffice to %[ t ! ,fr5* 
drama ( ! middle ages1 progressive1 if n
 z reg>ds its tru?fulness1 at lea/ 9 !  
pomp ( its spectacle1 0 9 rapid decl9e 9
 respect to poetry4  ,! fir/ & grave/   
lit]>y fault ( ?is drama 9 its          
decad5ce--t :i* includes all ! o!rs--is 
! abs5ce ( all t makes ! s\l & life ( ! 
drama--( ev]y?+ :i* di/+ui%es x mo/     
ess5tially f hi/ory4 ,!re is nei!r plot1
 nor p]ipetia1 nor *>act]s1 nor         
passions4 ,9 ! ?irte5? c5tury1          

,ruteboeuf1 9 ! ,miracle ( ,!ophilus1   
be/[s on 8 h]o a passionate nature1 &   
develops ! action n by ev5ts 9 _! ord9>y
 sequ5ce1 b by ! /ormy /ruggles ( ! he>t
 & ! agitations ( consci5ce4 ,"o        
pr9cipal p]sonage is put ^u ! /age1 & a 
s+le incid5t c>ries ! play rapidly =w>d 
to a unique d5\em5t4 ,jean ,bodel1 9 !  
,play ( ,/4 ,ni*olas1 less skill$ ?an 8 
contempor>ies 9 mak+ 8 intrigue keep /ep
 to ! movem5ts ( passion1 consol$       
himself ) lay+ viol5t h&s on ! leg5d1 to
 :i* he gives an entirely new =m4 ,9 !  
f\rte5? c5tury we f9d no long]1 x is    
true1 9 ! anonym\s au?ors ( ! ,miracles 
( ,notre ,dame ei!r t creat+ p[]1 or ^? 
passionate intrigues1 or t simple &     
rapid movem5t1 b at lea/ we meet ) "s   
true pa?os 9 c]ta9 sc5es1 & 9 a great   
numb] ( monologues !re are pron\nc$ &   
well-su/a9$ *>act]s 9 ! female p>ts1    
especially :ile ! dramatic int]e/       
conc5trates on "o p]son4 ,op5 ! two mo/ 
celebrat$ works ( ! fifte5? & sixte5?   
c5turies--! ,my/]y ( ! ,passion ( ! two 

,jehan ,mi*els1 & ! ,triumphant ,my/]y (
 ! ,acts ( ! ,apo/les ( ! bro!rs        
,greban--!re is no?+ m ?an a pure &     
simple mise en sc5e ( hi/ory or ( leg5d1
 unroll+ itself sl[ly z ! ev5ts arrive 9
 _! *ronological ord]4 ,!re is no unity 
ei!r ( "t or ( place1 z 9 ! pa/2 nor is 
!re unity ( action4 ,p]sonal int]e/ has 
ceas$2 ! passions h ceas$2 vigor\s      
*>act]izations h ceas$4 ,ev]ybody speaks
 frigidly f "o end ( ! piece to ! o!r1 &
 = =ty days1 & "o c sc>cely f9d ?r\gh\t 
! plays a t]se or impassion$ l9e4 ,!re  
is no progression 9 ! movem5t2 no       
advance 9 intrigue2 no fre%             
complication2 ! tiresome dramati/ jogs  
along )\t tr\bl+ himself ab\t d5\em5t4  
,?is drama1 :i* has no long] a dramatic 
art save 9 its dialogue & its           
spectacle--is x !n absolutely )\t       
poetry8 ,"s critics seem to h ?\ght s1  
s9ce !y dwelt only on its absurdities & 
its lit]>y pov]ty4 ,& x mu/ be av[$ t   
pu]ility1 triviality1 indec5cy ev51 s   
dom9ate !re1 t x is easy1 :5 approa*+ x1

 to give "o's self ov] to a univ]sal    
disgu/4 ,o!rs1 recogniz+ its pov]ty z a 
:ole1 h f\nd "s r$eem+ features4 ,( ?is 
numb] are ,m4 ,onesime ,le ,roy1 ^:     
patriotic admiration ( ! ,artesian works
 has p]haps l$ him too f>1 & ,m4        
,d\haire1 :o has bett] controll$ 8      
en?usiasm4 ,m4 ,d\haire is1 9 our       
op9ion1 ! critic :o 0 n only ! fir/ to  
/udy1 b has also mo/ cle>ly compreh5d$ !
 religi\s beauties ( ! lat] m$iaeval    
my/]ies4 ,we appeal1 he says 9 #ahdj1 9 
8 lectures on ! ,hi/ory ( ,*ri/ian      
,poetry1--we appeal to ! memory & !     
emotions ( ! read]4 ,:o is !re t does n 
recall ) ! mo/ ineffable s5tim5ts ( joy 
^? graceful sc5es ( ! gospel ( !        
,nativity ( our ,lady1 ! int]ior ( !    
h\se ( ,joa*im1 8 retirem5t among !     
%eph]ds1 ! triumphal song ( ,/4 ,ann    
aft] ! bir? ( ,m>y1 ! life ( ! #eia     
,virg9 9 ! temple8 ,:o has n pres5t 9 8 
memory ! gr& pictures ( ! ,gospel (     
,nicodemus1 ! conv]sations ( ! patri>*s 
9 limbo1 ! desc5t ( ,jesus ,*ri/ into   

hell1 ! sil5t app>ition ( ,*>9us &      
,leucius 9 ! ,sanh$rim1 ! t]rible       
portrayal ( ! la/ days ( ,pilate1 & t   
p]sonification ( ! ,jew 9 ,ahasu]us ^:  
gr&eur surpasses ! l(tie/ conceptions ( 
pr(ane poetry8 ,b x is n alone = its    
dep?1 x is also = its =m1 or at lea/ = !
 arrangem5t & effect ( its comb9ations1 
t our my/]ies are rem>kable4 ,d\btless 9
 respect to !atrical art !y are m ?an   
defective4 ,!y h inde$1 to speak truly1 
no art at all4 ,! ev5ts are n co-ord9at$
 ) a preconceiv$ idea1 & di/ribut$ 9 a  
mann] to lead =w>d to a cata/rophe or to
 a f9al p]ipetia4 ,! ord] ( facts is    
habitually t ( "t4 ,!y are hi/oric      
dialogues & no?+ m4 ,b z 9 hi/ory !     
div9e & ! human1 ! sup]natural & ! real1
 are almo/ always bl5d$ toge!r1 !       
compos]s ( ! 'my/]ies' h dilig5tly work$
 out ?is int]relation4 ,aid$ by !       
con/ruction ( _! !atres1 :i* p]mitt$ !m 
to move _m sc5es1 !y comb9$ ^! actions 9
 a mann] to elicit extraord9>y effects1 
unfold+ simultane\sly to ! eye ( !      

spectator heav51 e>?1 hell4 ,!y initiat$
 him into ! secret ( life1 %[$ to him ! 
my/]i\s w>f>e ( s\ls1 & by ?is spectacle
 made 8 _s pass ?r\gh t]rors t any o!r  
drama w\ld be p[]less to produce4       
,subscrib+ entirely1 & x is an easy ?+ =
 u1 to ! judgm5t ( ! au?or ( ! ,c\rse ^u
 ,*ri/ian ,poetry1 let u gu>d ourselves 
f go+ too f> by ext5d+ ! conclusion     
beyond ! premises4 ,:]e does ,m4        
,d\haire f9d ^! poetical beauties :i* he
 (f]s = our admiration8 ,9 ! trilogy ( !
 ,my/]y ( ! ,passion4 ,n[ ?is va/       
dramatic composition is no?+ m1 9 fact1 
?an an agglom]ation ( ! my/]ies :i*     
prec$$ ! "w ( ! two ,jehan ,mi*els4 ,^! 
*>m+ sc5es1 ^! gr& pictures1 :i* are met
 ) "h & !re1 are only ! fragm5ts ( a m  
anci5t poetry1 t h be5 ga!r$ up anew4   
,:5 ! dramati/s ( ! fifte5? & sixte5?   
c5turies ent] ^u orig9al composition1 ! 
decl9e ( poetry is se5 ev]y:]e1 9 !     
detail z well z 9 ! :ole1 9 ! /yle z 9 !
 conception4 ,we "k ( b "o m]it :i*     
truly belongs to !m--x is ! happy       

developm5t !y h giv5 to /age effect by a
 simultane\s pres5tation ( heav51 hell1 
& ! e>?--%ad[+ =? by ?is triple !atrical
 action ! incessant int]v5tion ( !      
sup]natural p[]s 9 ! de/9ies ( humanity4
 ,b :ile ?is conception is maje/ic1 its 
lit]>y execution is wret*$4 ,we h a pro(
 9 ! ,triumphant ,my/]y ( ! ,acts ( !   
,apo/les1 writt5 f beg9n+ to end )\t    
v]ve1 or color+1 or nobl5ess1 by ! two  
mo/ celebrat$ dramatic poets ( _! age1  
:om ,m>ot calls--    ,! two ,grebans (  
high-res\nd+ l9e4  ,hav+ notic$ ! lit]>y
 pov]ty ( ! dramatic poetry ( ?is epo*1 
we w n[ po9t out ! pr9cipal s\rces ( its
 faults4 ,!y are two4 ,! fir/ is a      
misconception ( ! dramati/s respect+ !  
nature ( ! types propos$ = ! imitation (
 art4 ,! second is a consequ5ce ( !     
popul>ity & ! indef9ite l5g? ( _!       
spectacles4  ,x is impossible to comp>e 
! meagr5ess1 ! languor1 & ! /upidity ( !
 two bro!rs ,greban ) ! bright &        
graceful vivacity ( ! writ] :o praises  
!m1 )\t be+ amaz$ at ! eulogies he      

be/[s1 & dem&+ :at c be ! reason ( ?is  
misjudgm5t on ! "p ( a poet1 ! mo/      
spiritual & ! mo/ delicate ( ! reign (  
,francis ,i4 ,x comes f ! false idea :i*
 ! fifte5? & sixte5? c5turies =m$ ( !   
dramatic /yle1 or1 to speak m #eib      
exactly1 ( ! entire dramatic art4 ,9    
place ( seek+ ! ideal1 !y s\ght reality1
 &1 :at is worse1 x 0 9 ! commone/      
realities t ! dramati/s ( t "t se>*$    
aft] ! type ( _! language & ! morals (  
_! h]oes4 ,we h already rem>k$ ! same   
ab]ration ( public ta/e 9 ! f> too      
mat]iali/ic imitations ( ! spectacle4   
,"u a lit]>y & dramatic po9t ( view1    
says ,m4 ,sa9te-,beuve1 t :i* is !      
ess5tial *>act]i/ic ( ! my/]ies ( !     
sixte5? c5tury is its l[ vulg>ity & its 
too m9ute triviality4 ,! au?ors _h b "o 
aim4 ,!y s\ght to portray 9 ! m5 & ev5ts
 ( o!r times ! sc5es ( ! common life :i*
 w5t on "u _! eyes4 ,) !m ! :ole art 0  
r$uc$ to ?is imitation1 or r to ?is     
fai?ful facsimile4 ,if !y exhibit$ a    
populace1 x 0 recognizable at once z t (

 ! m>ket-places or ( ! city4 ,e tribunal
 0 a copy ( ! ,*atelet or ( ! ,p>liam5t4
 ,! headsm5 ( ,n]o1 ( ,domitian1 ,d>u1  
,pes>t1 ,torneau1 ,molle/91 seem$ tak5 f
 ! ,place du ,palais de ,ju/ice or f    
,montfaucon4 4 4 4  ,:at ! public above 
all admir$1 0 ! p]fect con=mity ( !     
dialogue1 & ( ! o!r features ( ! play1 )
 ev]yday realities4 ,! good t[nsm5 c\ld 
n cease gaz+ at & li/5+ to s natural an 
imitation ( _! daily cu/oms & _! dome/ic
 bick]+s4 ,all contempor>y praise be>s  
^u ?is exact resemblance4 ,x is 9 ?is   
way t common & uncultur$ m9ds--/rang]s  
to ! intimate & pr(\nd joys (           
art--readily accept false co91 & cont5t 
!mselves ) pleasures at a l[ price4     
,?is habitual imitation ( ! common life 
& ( ev]y?+ trivial is f\nd ev5 9 sc5es (
 a :olly ideal nature 9 heav5 & 9 hell4 
,! language ( ,god & ( p>adise is vulg>2
 t ( ! devils is grotesque1 sometimes   
ev5 indec5t4 ,at ! comm5cem5t ( !       
my/]ies ( ! bro!rs ,greban1 :ile !      
apo/les h assembl$ toge!r 9 an upp]     

*amb] to elect ,/4 ,mat?ias1 ,lucif]    
ord]s ! demons to w&] ov] ! e>?1 & be=e 
go+ ! evil spirits reque/ 8 b5$iction4  
,he replies to !m3    ,devils damn$1 9  
mal$iction   ,o'er y ea*1 ) p[] blight$1
   ,my paw ,i /ret*1 ( ,god accurs$1    
,f s9s & misde$s all absolv+1   ,up6    
,set =?6 etc4  ,:5 ,satan & ,a/>o? br+ !
 s\ls ( ,ananias & ,saphira to hell1    
,lucif] is s transport$ ) joy t he bids 
! demon ho/s exult3    ,let ! cr[d ( !  
damn$1   ,"h1 be=e my tribunal1   ,s+ an
 an!m inf]nal6  ,belial & ,burgibus1 he 
adds1 w lead ! treble3 ,b]its1 ,c]b]us1 
& "s o!rs1 ! t5or2 ,a/>o? & ,levia?an1 !
 bass4 ,at once !y all beg9 to *ant 9   
*orus3    ,! m he has1 ! m he asks =    
,our gr& devil1 ,lucif]4   ,does he wi% 
! sky to p\r   ,s\ls by ?\s&s runn+     
o'er8   ,! m !y come1 he longs = m1   ,=
 8 appetite is sore4   ,! m he has1 ! m 
he asks =1   ,our gr& devil1 ,lucif]4   
,lucif]1 deaf5$ by _! hubbub1 /ops 8    
e>s1 & tries to sil5ce !m4 ,impossible6 
,on ) ! song6 cries ,belial1 & ! upro>  

cont9ues4  ,! ,my/]y ( ! ,passion also  
comm5ces ) a sc5e 9 hell1 ! tone ( :i*  
appe>s /ill m s+ul>4 ,god is 9          
consultation ) ! heav5ly c\rt ^u !      
r$emption ( ! human race4 ,lucif]1      
al>m$1 convokes 8 assembly4    ,devils (
 hell-fire1 horn$ & t]rible1   ,infam\s 
dogs1 :y sit ye idle8   ,/>t up1 ye fat 
ones1 "y1 old1 & nak$2   ,s]p5ts        
atroci\s1 hump-back$ & twi/$4  ,! devils
 ha/ily assemble4 ,satan is ! fir/ to   
respond to ! graci\s appeal4    ,:at    
is't ?\ wi%e/1 bull-dog outrage\s--     
,fetid1 infect$1 abhorr5t1 m5daci\s8    
,= !e we h =feit$ heav5 & all1   ,to    
suff] su* evils z no "o c measure--   ,&
 n[1 is curs+ y\r only pleasure8        
,belial calls ,lucif] a bag full (      
rott5ness1 ^: only food is toads1 & #eic
 compla9s also t x is 8 nature to torm5t
 !m4  ,?is con/ant habit ) ! my/]y-mak]s
 ( repres5t+ ! demons z insult+ ea* o!r 
9 _! colloquies1 says ,m4 ,d\haire1 is  
born ( a pr(\nd ?\ght4 ,we are told t ! 
wick$ despise ea* o!r4 ,x is ?is :i* !  

,*ri/ian dramati/s put into action4     
,no?+ c give a m t]rible idea ( hell ?an
 ^! disputes1 :]e ! demons mutually     
accuse ea* o!r ( suff]+s :i* _c be      
abat$4  ,"h is a reflection full (      
ju/ice1 & indisp5sable = a "r           
int]pretation ( ! moral aim ( ! my/]ies4
 ,b !re /ill rema9s ! lit]>y &          
philosophical rem>k ( ,m4 ,sa9t-,beuve  
^u ! g5]al t5d5cy ( ?is epo* to a       
reproduction ( ! morals & language ( !  
mo/ common & vulg> life4 ,= ! dramati/s 
might h repres5t$ ! wick$ness ( !       
demons--! horror & disord] ( hell--)\t  
seek+ _! phrases 9 a vocabul>y ( ! l[e/ 
/amp4  ,! frequ5t *ange f s]i\sness to  
buffoon]y1 f ! beautiful to ! burlesque1
 has a simil> orig9 9 ! ta/es ( our     
ance/ors = ! actualities ( ord9>y life1 
:]e ^! transitions are habitual4 ,b x   
also rose out ( ! necessity ( keep+ up !
 int]e/ ( a spectacle :i* cont9u$ _m    
days1 sometimes _m weeks4 ,v>iety 0 a   
necessity4 ,t popul> assembly w\ld      
cons5t to weep or ev5 to be s]i\s morn+ 

& ev5+ = a mon?8 ,let u take an example 
:]e triviality1 livel9ess1 & morality   
are all unit$ toge!r1 ,we borr[ x f ,m4 
,onesime ,le ,roy1 :o f\nd x 9 an un$it$
 ,my/]y ( ! ,passion4 & publi%$ x 9     
#ahcg4  ,! anonym\s dramati/1 aft] hav+ 
depict$ 9 beautiful & t\*+ sc5es ! sweet
 virtues & good de$s ( ,/4 ,joa*im & ,/4
 ,ann1 br+s on ! /age two knaves :o wi% 
to make exp]im5ts on _! pi\s simplicity4
 ,! fell[1 :o has m ?an "o trick 9 8    
bag1 says ! le>n$ critic f :om we       
transcribe ! analysis1 pret5d+ t cold   
wea!r makes him insane1 /yles himself   
,claqu$5t *att]]2 & ! o!r is call$      
,bab91 :i* ^w1 accord+ to ! lexicograph]
 ,r\*i1 signifies 'fooli%1' 'imbecile4' 
,bab91 despite 8 "n & simple air1 is m  
artful ?an ev5 ,claqu$5t1 :om he        
p]suades to imitate madness & to let    
himself be b\nd1 ! bett] to excite      
compassion4 ,claqu$5t1 ti$ up ) cords by
 ,bab91 beg9s to gna% 8 tee? & to utt]  
pite\s cries1 :i* br+ ! wife ( ,joa*im4 
,?is holy woman wi%es to relieve him4   

,bab9 %\ts out n to t\* him3    ,ha1    
good dame6 be w>y1   ,t\* him n1 ,i pray
 !e1   ,le/1 p]*ance1 he slay !e6  ,aft]
 a long sc5e ( horrible contortions on  
"o side1 & ( t5d] compassion on ! o!r1  
,bab9 says he is go+ to lead away       
,claqu$5t1 & receives money f ! *>itable
 dame1 :o bids him take good c>e ( 8    
fri5d1 & to return :5 ! money is gone4  
,bab91 ^u ! latt] "p ( ?is advice1      
replies pleasantly1 ,o madame1 )\t fail6
 ,z soon z ,ann has gone away1 ,claqu$5t
 says to ,bab91 ,quick1 untie me6 ,b !  
latt]1 wi%+ to pr(it1 l ,raton1 f !     
mis=tune :i* ano!r ,b]tr& has br\ght on 
himself1 says to him1    ,wait a:ile1 ,i
 beg y1 d2   ,y h :at is be/ = y2   ,&  
s9ce ,i am a trifle clev]1   ,i w manage
 all ?is silv]4  ,claqu$5t1 :o sees     
himself caught 9 a sn>e1 fills ! air ) 8
 %rieks1 :i* h no %am 9 !m n[4 ,bab9 is 
n at all fright5$1 & tells him1 ) a     
rem>kable allusion to ! fable ( ! fox & 
! goat1    ,adieu1 good ,claqu$5t4 ,9 ! 
well   ,till to-morr[ y mu/ dwell4      

,murd]6 a ?ief1 a ?ief6 cries ! entrapp$
 rogue1 :ile ! o!r1 z he runs (f1       
d\btless tells #eid ev]ybody he meets on
 ! way n to approa* ! infuriat$ man4    
,don't t\* him4 ,he w bite y6 ,f9ally1  
!y come to ,claqu$5t's assi/ance1 & :5  
!y inquire :o put him 9 ?is condition1  
he replies3    ,un l>on*eau1 ple9 de    
malfalct4   7,a rogui% fell[ full (     
mis*ief74  ,all ! com$y ( ?is sc5e1 says
 ,m4 ,onesime ,le ,roy1 lies 9 ?is s+le 
^w1 un l>on*eau a dim9utive ( l>ron     
7rogue71 :o has tak5 9 a triple scamp1  
:o ?9ks himself pa/ ma/]y6 ,x is ?us t  
,patel9 says ( ano!r scamp1 8 y\ng]     
bro!r1 ,he has deceiv$ me1 :o h deceiv$ 
s _m o!rs4 ,is !re n1 adds ,m4          
,d\haire1--is !re n1 moreov]1 9 ?is     
burlesque & m]ry episode1 a lesson = ^? 
v fooli% p]sons :o f excess ( goodness  
are s easily victimiz$ by ! ruses (     
pr(essional begg>s8  ,^! gay sc5es q    
naturally turn to f>ce1 & ^! moralities 
deg5]ate into satires4 ,?is occurs1 & 9 
a deplorable mann]1 ev5 9 !             

repres5tation ( ! grave/ & mo/ solemn   
my/]ies4 ,! ,frat]nity ( ! ,passion1    
p]ceiv+ t ! p grew tir$ ( _! pi\s       
spectacles1 call$ to _! rescue a        
mis*iev\s & m]ry tr\pe1 ^: duty x 0 to  
attract ! cr[d to _! hall at ! ,hospital
 de la ,tr9ite4 ,x 0 ! ,enfants sans    
s\ci company1 celebrat$ at ! end ( !    
f\rte5? c5tury1 & compos$ ( "y g5tlem5 (
 family1 :o1 hav+ inv5t$ a k+dom f\nd$  
on ! faults & vices ( ! human race1     
call$ x ! ,fool's ,k+dom1 nam$ z its k+ 
! ,pr9ce ( ,fools1 & /yl$ _! plays      
,fool]ies 7sotties7--plays :i* !y made  
^u ev]ybody1 9 a fanta/ic & allegorical 
=m4 ,at ! c\rt & among ! subjects ( !   
pr9ce figure 8 well-belov$ son1 ! ,pr9ce
 ( ,jollity1 ! ,"m ,fool1 ! ,affianc$   
,fool1 ! ,fool ,occasion1 ! ,dissolute  
,fool1 ! ,boa/+ ,fool1 ! ,*eat+ ,fool1 !
 ,ignorant ,fool1 ! ,corrupt ,fool1 &   
tw5ty o!r p]sonages ^: names & qualities
 v>y accord+ to ! requirem5ts ( ! f>ce1 
& ( a satire :i* sp>$ none4 ,9 a sottie 
play$ on ,%rove ,tuesday1 9 #aeaa1 &    

direct$ aga9/ ,pope ,julius ,,ii41 !n at
 w> ) ,l\is ,,xii41 ! ,"m ,fool         
repres5ts ! ,*ur*4 ,9 ano!r sottie :]e  
l'anci5 monde is introduc$1 ! ,dissolute
 ,fool is dress$ z a *ur*man1 ! ,boa/+  
,fool z a g5d>me1 & ! ,ly+ ,fool z a    
m]*ant4 ,x 0 ! sc&al\s conduct ( ^! "y  
,ari/ophaneses1 ^: lic5ti\sness equall$ 
_! boldness1 :i*1 9 #aedg1 provok$ !    
ord] ( ! ,p>liam5t aga9/ ! repres5tation
 ( my/]ies4 ,! ,hospital de la ,tr9ite  
rev]t$ to its fir/ de/9ation1 & !       
,frat]nity ( ! ,passion1 driv5 f _!     
!atre aft] a c5tury & a half (          
popul>ity1 c\ld only obta9 p]mission on 
! foll[+ ye> to con/ruct a new /age at !
 ,hotel de ,b\rgogne1 on ! express      
condition t !y w\ld play only pr(ane    
subjects1 :i* %\ld also be lawful &     
prop]4 ,!y accept$ ?is new mode (       
exi/5ce2 b _! "t 0 pa/1 & _! glory 0    
con/antly 9 a decl9e4 ,h[ev]1 !y held   
out bravely till #aehh1 at :i* p]iod !y 
leas$ _! !atre to a company ( travell+  
com$ians1 :o = "s ye>s _h be5 try+ to   

e/abli% !mselves 9 ,p>is4 ,! clev]e/ (  
!m1 we are told by ! bro!rs ,p>fait1    
attempt$ to pres]ve _! fame by giv+ out 
t ! religi\s title ( _! frat]nity did n 
p]mit !m to play pr(ane pieces4 ,!y _h  
realiz$ ?is a trifle late 9 ! day2 "s   
=ty ye>s too late inde$6  ,!            
resuscitation ( ! ,greek !atre1 f\r ye>s
 aft] ! p>liam5t>y decree1 complet$ !   
ru9 ( ! m$ieval spectacles4 ,!y /ill    
play$ ! miracles 9 ! prov9ces1 !y ev5   
compos$ new ones4 ,b ! pi\s             
repres5tations w5t out1 *ang+ m & m2 & !
 #eie next c5tury1 :i* 0 t ( ,boileau1  
m]ely amus$ itself ) ridicul+ !m4       
,h[ev]1 9 ! v simplicity ( ! miracles   
!re 0 some?+ too popul> to be completely
 =gott51 9 c\ntries :]e ! fai? & !      
innoc5t mann]s ( our good ance/ors      
surviv$4 ,on ,may #ah1 #ahce1 ,m4       
,guizot1 !n m9i/]1 recomm5d$ to !       
att5tion ( 8 hi/orical correspond5ts !  
/ill surviv+ traditions ( ! moralities &
 my/]ies ( ! middle ages4 ,!re are yet  
pres]v$ on fe/al days1 9 c]ta9 di/ricts 

( ,france1 said he1 c]ta9 popul>        
dramatic p]=mances4 ,x w n be a useless 
labor to exam9e & note d[n ^! relics ( !
 pa/1 be=e mod]n civilization & ! usages
 ( ! common language cause _!           
disappe>ance4  ,! au?or ( ,rese>*es into
 ! ,my/]ies :i* h be5 repres5t$ 9 ,ma9e1
 ,dom ,piol91 has trac$ ^! p]=mances f !
 end ( ! sixte5? c5tury up to ! pres5t  
"t4 ,he f9ds ! la/ "o at ,laval1 dur+ ! 
procession ( ,corpus ,*ri/i4 ,at its    
orig91 he says1 "o ( ! pr9cipal features
 ( ?is fete1 ! "o1 at lea/1 :i*         
peculi>ly attract$ ! att5tion ( ! mob1  
consi/$ 9 sc5es f ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5t
 :i* 7 repres5t$ on !atres erect$ along 
! r\te ( ! procession1 b *iefly at ! ma9
 c\rt ( ! ,conv5t des ,cordeli]s1 !y    
belong$1 unque/ionably1 to ! miracles'  
prop]1 hav+ reta9$ t *>act]i/ic         
simplicity & brevity :i* is f\nd 9 ! mo/
 anci5t pieces4 ,we "k t ,k+ ,r5e       
e/abli%$ a simil> cu/om 9 ! city ( ,aix4
 ,aft]w>d1 :5 ! m>ionettes 7 introduc$  
into ,france by ,ca?>9e de ,m$icis1     

puppets 7 sub/itut$ = ! play]s4 ,?is    
!atre--a remnant ( ! anci5t             
mann]s--cont9u$ until ! end ( !         
re/oration1 ! la/ p]=mance be+ 9 88#cg4 
,m4 ,d\haire closes 8 ,c\rse ^u !       
,hi/ory ( ,*ri/ian ,poetry by acc\nt ( a
 =eign p]=mance1 ext5d+ f ! creation ( !
 _w to ! resurrection ( ! dead1 ( :i* he
 0 an eye-witness4 ,x 0 9 #ahcj1 at a   
small t[n on ! banks ( ! ,loire4 ,:at ,i
 came to see1 he adds1 0 ! ',my/]y ( !  
,passion' play$ by puppets4 ,i did n    
suppose1 be=e ?is curi\s adv5ture1 t !re
 c\ld be any exi/+ trace ( ! sc5ic plays
 ( ! middle ages2 b ,i h s9ce le>nt t   
!re /ill rema9 _m consid]able ve/iges 9 
our we/]n & s\!rn prov9ces--:]e n only  
pr(essional actors & puppets repres5t ! 
pr9cipal sc5es ( bo? ,te/am5ts1 b ev5   
families amuse !mselves ) ?is holy      
recreation on days ( solemn fea/s4      
,p]mit u to m5tion1 9 our turn1 !       
p]=mance ( a my/]y witness$ by m5 /ill  
alive1 & ^: simplicity c>ries "o q back 
to ! middle ages4 ,we get ! fact f !    

presid5t ( ! mod]n ,boll&i/s4 ,at !     
comm5cem5t ( our c5tury a good prie/ (  
,fr5* ,ha9aut took ^u himself to br+ out
 ! ,my/]y ( ! ,passion1 = ! welf>e ( 8  
flock4 ,an appeal 0 made to all         
well-dispos$ p1 &1 z at ,p>is 9 #adcg1 =
 ! ,my/]y ( ! ,acts ( ! ,apo/les1 ! p>ts
 7 di/ribut$ to ! burgesses & artisans (
 e description1 accord+ to ! measure (  
_! tal5t 9 su* case requir$4 ,a ,judas 0
 want+4 ,! prie/ at once hit ^u !       
apo!c>y ( ! place1 ^: mode/y kept him 9 
8 laboratory1 & he w5t 9 se>* ( him4 ,my
 fri5d1 said he1 we are go+1 z y "k1 to 
repres5t a f9e 'my/]y1' & x is necess>y1
 = ! common good1 t y %\ld d some?+4 ,i 
h f\nd y\r place4 ,y\r role is ,judas4  
,b ,m4 le cure1 my memory is n wor? a   
s\1 & y w\ld nev] be able to /uff s _m  
words into my head4 ,exactly s1 my      
fri5d4 ,i h select$ = y ! %orte/ "p1 &  
,i pl$ge myself to tea* y x 9 no "t4    
,/raightway our man is enroll$ 9 ! #eif 
company4 ,! solemn day arrives4 ,! p>i% 
& all ! c\ntry r\nd are !re4 ,!         

spectacle comm5ces1 & ! actors1 duly    
co/um$ & seat$ on b5*es along ea* side (
 ! /age1 rise 9 turn to g ?r\gh ) :at !y
 h to say4 ,! mom5t ( ! kiss ( ,judas is
 at h&4 ,! poor apo!c>y rema9s glu$ to 8
 *air1 pale ) t]ror4 ,! prie/1 :o is all
 eyes1 ha/5s to him1 & =ces him to get  
up4 ,arriv$ be=e ! p]son :o repres5ts   
,jesus ,*ri/1 he falls on 8 knees1      
trembl+ 9 e limb1 & cry+ ) jo9$ h&s1 ,oh
 ,"l6 ?\ well kn[e/ x 0 n my fault6 ,x  
is monsieur ! cure :o =ces me4  ,?is gr&
 trilogy ( ! ,my/]y ( ! ,passion--:i*   
hi/ory exhibits z closely connect$ )    
puppet %[s & village p]=mances1 naive   
ev5 to ! grotesque--has q ano!r         
importance & q ano!r de/9y 9 ! eyes (   
philosophy1 :i* disc]ns !re9 ! pr9cipal 
features ( ! mod]n dramatic art4 ,let u 
n quit ?is subject be=e pres5t+ a       
confirmation ( ! !sis :i* ! read]s ( ^! 
essays h already se5 ma9ta9$ 9 an       
article :]e ,corneille1 ,rac9e1 & ev5   
,voltaire himself 7 %[n to be           
unconsci\sly ! l9eal successors ( our   

old dramati/s f> m ?an ( ,a,eschylus1 ( 
,sophocles1 & ( ,euripides4 ,! fa!r (   
,fr5* trag$y1 :o disc\rs$ ^u 8 art ) s  
mu* philosophy & toil$ night & day to   
make our poetry ,ari/otle's--,pi]re     
,corneille1 aft] hav+ = half a c5tury   
attempt$ himself1 & se5 attempt$ ar\nd  
him1 e possible d5\em5t1 0 l$ to        
recognize ! necessity 9 ?is p>ticul> (  
go+ contr>y to ! tragic art ( ! ,greeks4
 ,! anci5ts1 he wrote at ! close ( 8    
c>e]1 v (t5 cont5t !mselves 9 _!        
trag$ies ) depict+ vices 9 su* a mann] z
 to cause u to hate !m1 & virtues s z to
 cause u to love !m1 )\t tr\bl+ !mselves
 ) recomp5s+ good actions or puni%+ bad 
ones4 ,clytemne/ra & h] p>am\r slay     
,agamemnon1 & g free4 ,m$ea does ! same 
) h] *ildr51 & ,atreus ) ^? ( h] bro!r4 
,x is true t by c>efully /udy+ ! actions
 :i* 7 select$ = ! cata/rophe ( _!      
trag$ies1 !re 7 "s crim9als :om !y      
puni%$1 b by crimes great] ?an _! own4 4
 4 4  ,our drama h>dly tol]ates su*     
subjects4 4 4 4 4 ,x is ! int]e/ :i* we 

love to ext5d to ! virtu\s t has oblig$ 
u to resort to ?is o!r mode ( f9i%+ !   
dramatic poem by puni%+ ! bad actions & 
by recomp5s+ ! good4 ,x is n a precept (
 art1 b a cu/om1 :i* we h obs]v$4  ,:5ce
 orig9at$ ?is cu/om ,corneille gave 8   
own c5tury ! cr$it ( x2 b x is f !      
middle ages t x dates4 ,:at tragic drama
 0 x :i* 0 ! mo/ important--! mo/       
popul>--! longe/ play$--( t fir/ epo* ( 
! mod]n !atre8 ,0 x n ! ,my/]y ( !      
,passion1 :i* we h se5 comm5c+ ) a      
simple dramatiz+ ( ! gospel--gr[+ c5tury
 by c5tury--& end+ ) an imm5se trilogy1 
ext5d+ f ! fall ( man to ! bir? ( our   
,savi\r1 f ! passion & ! dea? ( !       
,savi\r to 8 resurrection1 f !          
e/abli%m5t ( ! ,*ur* to ! la/ judgm5t--t
 solution ( human doctr9es :i* regulates
 all ?+s retribution = ! wick$ &        
recomp5se = ! good1 & by mak+ virtue    
rise victori\s f its battle ) !         
passions8 ,:at ! middle ages %[ u 9 !   
my/]y :i* 0 its ma/]piece1 appe>s )\t   
exception 9 all ^? dramatic compositions

 :i* h come d[n to u4 ,we h already     
rem>k$1 & x is moreov] a fact recogniz$ 
by all s*ol>s1 t !re is n a tragic drama
 ( ?is epo*1 :atev] may be its subject1 
:i* does n close ) ! ,te ,deum or ) "s  
o!r *ant ( joy1 ( triumph1 or (         
=giv5ess4 ,its d5\em5t is always homage 
r5d]$ by ! ju/ice #eig heav5 av5g+      
innoc5ce1 or by m]cy be/[+ on ! guilty  
rep5tance & p>don4  ,9 speak+ ?ree ye>s 
ago ^u ! liturgic orig9 ( ! mod]n       
trag$y1 & ! influ5ce ( ,*ri/ianity on ! 
dramatic passions1 we end$ by say+ t we 
ne$ no long] seek1 z has be5 too (t5    
done1 9 ,corneille or ,rac9e = ! re/or]s
 ( ! anci5t trag$y2 t ^? great          
dramati/s1 x is true1 receiv$ f ,greece 
! sci5ce ( ! pageant & ! mise en sc5e2 b
 t z mu* z !y approa* ! ,greek art 9 _! 
lit]>y =m1 s mu* !y dep>t f x n only by 
_! d5\em5t b also by ! moral "* ( _!    
intrigue4 ,x 0 impossible1 9 fact1 to   
*ange ! nature ( ! tragic d5\em5t )\t   
*ang+ t ( ! passions & ( ! ev5ts :i* l$ 
to !m4 ,let u develop ?is conclusion (  

our essay by %[+ :at x is t prev5ts our 
compreh5d+ ,fr5* trag$y & def9+ x4      
,voltaire has said1 ,to compress an     
illu/ri\s & int]e/+ ev5t into ! space ( 
two or ?ree h\rs1 to introduce ! p]sonae
 only :5 !y ought to appe>1 to nev]     
leave ! /age empty1 to con/ruct an      
intrigue :i* %all be probable z well z  
/rik+1 to say no?+ useless1 to in/ruct !
 m9d & to move ! he>t1 to be always     
eloqu5t 9 v]se1 & ) an eloqu5ce         
appropriate to ea* "* repres5t$1 to make
 ! dialogue z pure z ! *oice/ prose1 )\t
 ! con/ra9t ( ! rhyme appe>+ to fett] ! 
?\ghts1 & nev] to admit an obscure or   
h>% or declamatory v]se--^! are !       
conditions :i* are exact$ f a trag$y (  
our day1 be=e x c pass to po/]ity ) !   
approbation ( critics1 )\t :i* x c nev] 
h a true reputation4  ,?is def9ition1 or
 r ?is exposition1 o!rwise s cle> & s   
elegant1 ( ! dem&s ( our ,melpom5e1 are 
f> f be+ complete4 ,9 ! "t ( ,euripides1
 a ,greek c\ld h said almo/ z mu*4 ,x is
 because ,voltaire has only tak5 into   

acc\nt ! /yle & ! mise en sc5e1 ! laws (
 :i* 7 at ,a!ns :at !y are at ,p>is4 ,! 
diff]5ce betwe5 ! anci5t trag$ies & !   
mod]n tragic art consi/s ess5tially 9 _!
 moral "* & 9 t alone4 ,*ri/ianity1 by  
modify+ ! passions ( ! human he>t1 has  
be5 able to modify !m on ! /age         
likewise4 ,x is1 !n1 f ! philosophy ( ! 
drama t we ought to set out ) ,ari/otle 
to /udy its nature4  ,! ,fr5* trag$y1   
su* z our own great c5tury has made x1  
is ! repres5tation ( an action m        
probable ?an real1 m ideal ?an hi/oric1 
:olly noble1 s]i\s1 & becom+1 re/rict$  
to "o place1 accompli%$ 9 a few h\rs1   
)\t any int]ruption1 except ! int]val ( 
! acts1 con/ruct$ ) ! maje/ic simplicity
 ( ! epic1 draw+ its />tl+ *anges f !   
play ( passions r f t ( ev5ts1 & lead+  
=w>d ! m9d by admiration & en?usiasm to 
emotions ( pity & ( t]ror4  ,x is n !   
,greek trag$y--al?\gh ! anci5t ,melpom5e
 has transmitt$ to our "t its co?urnus1 
its mise en sc5e1 its triple unity1 its 
h]oes !mselves1 ) _! t]rors & _! te>s4  

,! poetic =m is ! same1 ! moral =ce is  
entirely diff]5t4 ,on ! ,a!nian /age1 ! 
w 0 subjugat$ by a brutal fatality2 ^u  
ours1 ! w makes ! de/9y4 ,vice becomes m
 t]rible1 virtue m magnanim\s1 & !      
/ruggles ( ! s\l hold a l>g] place ?an !
 tricks ( =tune4 ,! h]oes ( ! anci5t    
trag$y1 to become endurable ) u1 w\ld h 
n only to take on some?+ ( our "*1 ( our
 mann]s1 ( our s5tim5ts1 &1 above all1 (
 our consci5ce1 b x w\ld be necess>y to 
*ange _! mode ( action1 & to lead !m to 
a d5\em5t by pa?s :olly new4  ,return+  
to ! trilogy ( ! ,passion1 let u        
conclude ?is essay ) a #eih reflection  
:i* appe>s to u ( a nature to ?r[ great 
light ^u ! popul>ity & ! gigantic       
proportions ( ?is my/]y4 ,! middle age1 
s p5etrat$ ) ,*ri/ian beliefs & ideas1  
lov$ x only because x f\nd !re ! supreme
 manife/ation ( ,div9e ,provid5ce1 at   
once m]ciful & j4 ,x _h be5 induc$ to   
?us repres5t ! :ole hi/ory ( ! human    
race1 only to give to t manife/ation all
 ! developm5t dem&$ by ! religi\s       

consci5ce & ! e?ics ( nations4 ,!re 0   
ne$$ ! repres5tation ( s9 & ! fall ( !  
fir/ man to expla9 ! ju/ice & ! p>don ( 
,cavalry3 !re 0 ne$$ ! spectacle ( a    
univ]sal judgm5t to solve ! gr& trag$y (
 human de/9ies4  ,we may blame ! lit]>y 
ta/es ( our good ance/ors1 b n _!       
philosophy4 ,x has e/abli%$ on an       
immovable basis ! fundam5tal laws ( our 
dramatic art4 ,we may laugh at ! pu]ile 
simplicity ( _! !atre1 b let u laugh    
rev]5tly1 s9ce we f9d 9 _! lit]>y       
infancy ! g]m1 ! /r5g?1 ! "* ( ! manhood
 ( ! great c5tury4  ------  ,translat$ &
 ,abridg$ f ! ,civilta ,cattolica4      
,,antonio ,,canova4   ,memorie di       
,antonio ,canova1 scritte da ,antonio   
d',e/e1 e publicate p] cura1 di         
,aless&ro d',e/e4 ,fir5ze3 ,felice ,le  
,monni]4 #ahfd4  ,x mu/ be kn[n1 says   
,signor ,antonio d',e/e1 t :5 ! le>n$   
,missir9i und]took to publi% !          
arti/-life ( ,canova1 he _h rec\rse to  
me z ! only p]son liv+ :o c\ld in=m him 
?or\ghly & truly ( ! pr9ciples ( !      

,v5etian arti/1 & in/ruct him 9 "s      
details ( a life :i* ,i _h kn[n         
intimately = ! space ( fifty ye>s4 4 4 4
 ,i put ^u pap] :atev] might s]ve to    
illu/rate n only ! disposition & "* ( my
 fri5d1 b also ! excell5t qualities ( 8 
he>t4 4 4 4 ,i 0 disappo9t$ :5 !        
illu/ri\s writ]1 9 s5d+ back my         
manuscript1 said3 ',i h made use ( _m   
?+s1 & ( "s anecdotes1 b n ( all1 s9ce  
!y appe>$ to me too famili>4' ,to tell !
 tru?1 su* an answ] hurt my self-love1 &
 (f5d$ ! unqu5*able affection :i* ,i    
felt = ,canova4  ,h5ce ! book be=e u4 ,!
 au?or has app>5tly endeavor$ *iefly to 
exhibit ,canova ! arti/ z a model = !   
/udi\s1 b he has n ov]look$ ,canova !   
citiz5 & ! ,*ri/ian4 ,he beg9s ) him 9 !
 humble ,possagno1 & %[s u 8 life 9     
,v5ice1 :]e 8 g5ius fir/ display$       
itself1 ev5 9 ! deg5]ate s*ool ) :i*    
alone he 0 !n acqua9t$4 ,x 0 9 ,rome t !
 "y sculptor saw ! anci5t purity 9 its  
full spl5dor4 ,x bur/ ^u him l a sudd5  
revelation4 ,= sev]al days he 0 l "o 9 a

 trance4 ,!n1 ) 8 conceptions enlight5$1
 8 mann] fix$1 & 8 aim det]m9$1 he ?rew 
himself into 8 "w4 ,yet he 0 nev] a     
s]vile copyi/ ( ,greek or ,roman models4
 ,he imbib$ ! _s ( ! classical s*ool1 b 
8 g5ius nev] 0 trammell$ by imitation4  
,! la/ gr\p :i* he c>v$ "u ! inspiration
 drawn f ! anci5t ma/]pieces1--8        
,da$alus & ,ic>us1--comp>$ ) 8 ,!seus1 !
 fir/ "w :i* he execut$ 9 ,rome1 %[s 9 a
 m>k$ #eii mann] ! *ange 9 8 /yle--we   
might almo/ say 8 conv]sion to ! true   
pr9ciples ( art4  ,f ?is "t ,canova1    
?\gh end[$ ) r>e mode/y1 & always ready 
to take advice1 %[$ a fix$ resolution to
 free sculpture f ! mann]ism !n s       
common2 & nei!r ! advice ( fri5ds nor ! 
abuse ( evil-m9d$ critics c\ld %ake 8   
purpose4  ,nature und\bt$ly lavi%$      
tal5ts ^u him ) unsp>+ h&2 b he 0 )\t a 
p>allel 9 ! indu/ry & c>e ) :i* he fo/]$
 ! div9e flame4 ,8 :ole "t n pass$ 9    
labor 0 devot$ to monum5ts & museums (  
art4 ,) 8 fri5d d',e/e he (t5 paid a    
rev]5tial visit to ! fam\s horses at !  

,quir9al1 be=e :i* he gave free v5t to 8
 fancy4 ,he us$ to sp5d _m h\rs 9       
contemplat+ ^! ma/]pieces4 ,long be=e   
sunrise he w\ld spr+ f 8 b$ & %ut       
himself up 9 8 /udio4 ,he took no       
relaxation--sc>cely ev5 food & re/4     
,aft] hamm]+ at ! m>ble all day1 he     
exam9$ x by c&lelight1 & dream$ ab\t x  
at night4 ,he s consum$ himself 9 "w t 8
 fri5ds _h to wr5* ! tools f 8 h&s by   
=ce4 ,b if he laid d[n ! *isel1 x 0 only
 to return to ! /udy ( anci5t           
ma/]pieces4 ,n cont5t ) contemplat+ !   
works !mselves "u e possible aspect1 he 
tri$ to /udy out :at in/rum5ts ! arti/s 
probably made use (4 ,he w\ld ?r[ op5 8 
/udio1 & !n hide or disguise himself 9  
ord] to ov]he> ! hone/ op9ions ( 8      
visitors4 ,extravagant praise always    
made him suspici\s4 ,once he 0 s mu*    
pa9$ at a lavi% eulogium ^u "o ( 8 works
 t he ran1 all trembl+1 to 8 fri5d      
,hamilton1 & begg$ him to po9t out "s   
defect 9 x2 & hav+ obta9$ ! criticism t 
he ask$1 he ran home aga9 9 great glee  

to correct ! fault4 ,he gladly accept$  
criticism f ! ignorant z well z ! le>n$4
 ,"o day1 :5 he 0 q old1 & recogniz$ z !
 fir/ sculptor ( ! "t1 he begg$ d',e/e  
to move to a c]ta9 spot a beautiful gr\p
 t he _h f9i%$4 ,sev]al labor]s 7 call$ 
9 to move x4 ,:5 !y _h done _! task1 "o 
( !m1 ) t connoisseur-air :i* ! ,roman  
labor] kn[s s well h[ to assume1 %rugg$ 
8 %\ld]s & exclaim$3  ,well1 p]haps !   
m>*ese 7,canova bore ?is title 9 8 lat] 
ye>s7 kn[s be/2 b to me ?is /atue seems 
to h ! goitre4  ,! pupils 9 ! /udio     
sprang up 9 a rage & load$ ! poor man ) 
abuse1 & 9 ! mid/ ( ! noisy dispute     
,canova ru%$ into ! room1 & ) "s        
difficulty le>n$ :at 0 ! labor]'s (f5ce4
 ,he d>t$ a glance ( fire at ! m>ble4   
,bravo6 he exclaim$ aft] a mom5t's      
pause4 ,y are "r4 ',take ?is wat*--x is 
y\rs--y h done me a great s]vice4  ,s   
say+1 he ?rew 8 wat* & *a9 ^u ! man's   
neck2 & tak+ up a *isel began imm$iately
 to ret\* ! /atue4  ,at ! age (         
tw5ty-five1 ,canova 0 select$ by        

,volpato to execute ! monum5t ( ,clem5t 
,,xiv41 & x is n too mu* to say t !     
re/oration ( ! art ( sculpture dates f  
?is immortal "w4 ,! gov]nm5ts ( ,v5ice1 
,russia1 ,au/ria1 & ,france invit$ him  
to take up 8 resid5ce 9 _! respective   
capitals2 b he 0 nev] happy out ( ,rome2
 ! gr\nd seem$ to burn "u 8 feet :5ev]  
he 0 away f 8 belov$ /udio & ! great    
works ( ! anci5t sculptors4 ,few arti/s 
ev] enjoy$ s high a reputation 9 ,europe
 dur+ _! lifetime z ,canova1 & few      
c]ta9ly ev] s\ght x less4 ,he 0 :olly   
absorb$ 9 love = 8 art4 & eag]ness = its
 advancem5t4  ,b ! "* ( a great arti/1  
accord+ to ! ,italian ideal1 is n       
complete )\t a t\* ( oddity1 & ,canova 0
 n free f "s amiable ecc5tricities4 ,8  
love passage ) ! ,signor9a ,volpato1 & !
 #fjj way he got out ( x1 w p]haps      
furni% ! subject = a poem by "s future  
,goldoni2 b we h no space to tell ( x   
"h4  ,d',e/e describes ! moral "* (     
,canova extremely well4 ,he 0 upright1  
brave1 & s9c]e1 an ard5t patriot1 & a   

s5sible1 practical ,*ri/ian4 ,9 ! mid/ (
 8 labors he 0 n ins5sible to ! d>k     
cl\ds :i* obscur$ ! political horizon1 &
 he felt s deeply ! mis=tunes :i*       
?reat5$ 8 c\ntry t he took ! pa9s to    
ret\* 8 ,danc+ ,girls because _!        
expression 0 too joyful to accord ) 8   
own sadness ( he>t4 ,he 0 /ill employ$  
on ?is "w :5 ! pope 0 c>ri$ into        
captivity4 ,he felt ! mis=tune z a      
p]sonal affliction1 & on ! /atue wrote  
^! words3 ,modell$ 9 ! mo/ unhappy days 
( my life1 ,june1 #ahji4  ,a few weeks  
aft] ! e/abli%m5t ( ! ,roman republic1 a
 ,national ,in/itute 0 erect$1 & ,canova
 0 *os5 a memb]4 ,he accept$ ! appo9tm5t
 will+ly1 9 ! hope ( be+ useful to ,rome
 & to h] arti/s2 b :51 on ! ev5+ appo9t$
 = 8 =mal admission1 ! oa? ( memb]%ip 0 
t5d]$ to him1 & he he>d ! words1 ,i swe>
 hatr$ to pr9ces1 etc41 he sprang to 8  
feet1 cri$ out 9 8 ,v5etian dialect1 ,mi
 non odio nessun6 7,i hate no "o71 &    
left ! hall4  ------  ,f ,! ,mon?4      
,,con/ance ,,%]wood4  ,,an              

,,autobiography ,,( ,,! ,,sixte5?       
,,c5tury4 ,,by ,,lady ,,georgiana       
,,full]ton4   ,,*apt] ,,ix4  ,on ! next 
morn+ ,mr4 ,congleton call$ me into !   
libr>y f ! g>d51 :]e ,i 0 ga!r+ =       
,muriel a few ( su* h>dy fl[]s z _h     
surviv$ ! e>ly fro/4 ,%e 0 wont to c>ry 
!m ) h] to ! prisons2 = x 0 "o ( h]     
k9dly appreh5sions ( ! suff]+s ( o!rs to
 divide ! com=t :]e) ?+s seem+ly        
indiff]5t d affect ^? t be %ut out ( all
 k9ds ( enjoym5ts2 & :]e a less t5d]    
nature %\ld h be5 cont5t to provide     
necess>ies1 %e1 ?r\gh a m delicate      
acqua9tance%ip & light t\*1 z x 71 on ! 
/r+s ( ! human he>t1 ev] be?\ght h]self 
:5 x 0 possible to m9i/] if b "o m9ute's
 pleasure to ^? :o _h (t5 well-nigh     
=gott5 ! v ta/e ( x4 ,& %e ha? told me  
t\*+ t po9t ( fl[]s1 h[ x _h once happ5$
 t ! sc5t ( "s violets %e _h conceal$ 9 
h] bosom ) a l int5t did move to te>s an
 ag$ man1 :o = _m ye>s pa/ _h n se51 no 
n s mu* z "o gre5 leaf 9 8 prison2 :i*  
te>s1 he said1 did him m good ?an any?+ 

else :i* c\ld h happ5$ to him4  ,i ?rew 
d[n on a b5* ! *rysan!mums & o!r bold   
blossoms ,i _h ga!r$1 & runn+ into !    
h\se1 op5$ ! door ( ! libr>y1 :]e1 lo & 
behold1 to my no small agitation &      
amaze1 ,i discov]$ ,edmund ,g5+s1 :o    
cri$ out z ,i ent]$3  ,o my de> ma/]'s  
daught] & well-rememb]$ playmate1 ,i d  
greet y ) all m9e he>t2 & ,i ?ank ,god t
 ,i see y 9 s good a condition1 z ,i may
 ) inf9ite gladness #fja make report (  
to y\r good fa!r1 :o ?r\gh me do? imp>t 
to y 8 pat]nal bless+ & mo/ affectionate
 comm5dations4  ,edmund1 ,i cri$1 sc>ce 
able to speak = ha/e1 is he 9 ,london8  
is he 9 prison8  ,no1 =soo?1 quo? ,mr4  
,congleton4  ,no1 v]ily1 quo? ,edmund2  
bo? at ! same "t4  ,?y fe>s1 silly w5*1 
add$ ! fir/1 h run away ) ?y wits1 & ,i 
d c\nsel !e ano!r "t to be at m pa9s to 
re/ra9 !m2 = :5 !re be s _m occasions to
 be afraid ( v]itable evils1 'tis b     
sorry wa/e to sp5d fe>s on pres5t       
fancies4  ,by :i* ,i did conjecture my  
uncle n to be greatly pleas$ ) ,edmund's

 com+ to 8 h\se1 & notic$ t he did      
fidget 9 8 *air & ev] & anon glanc$ at !
 w9d[s :i* op5$ on ! g>d5 9 an uneasy   
mann]4  ,& :]e=e art ?\ !n 9 ,london8 ,i
 ask$ ( ,edmund2 :o ?us answ]$3         
,because ,mr4 ,james ,f5n1 :o is also   
call$ ,williesd51 0 tak5 & committ$     
close prison] to ! ,m>%alsea a %ort "t  
back2 :i*1 :5 my de> ma/] did he> (1 he 
0 greatly di/urb$ & turmoil$ !reby1 by  
reason ( weighty matt]s hav+ pass$      
betwixt him & t g5tleman t\*+ l&s       
belong+ to recusants1 & t extraord9>y   
damage 0 likely to ensue to sev]al      
p]sons ( great m]it1 if he c\ld n       
adv]tise him 9 "t h[ to answ] to ^?     
accusations :i* w\ld be laid aga9/ him2 
& did seek if by any means he c\ld h    
access to him2 b c\ld f9d no hope !re(  
)\t imm95t dang] n to himself only1 b to
 _m beside1 if he _h come to ,london &  
be5 recogniz$4  ,:]e9 he did judge      
rightly1 quo? my uncle2 & !n ,edmund--  
,s1 see+ my ma/] & o!rs ( a l fai? ) him
 9 s great /raits t\*+ _! prop]ty & _!  

lives also1 ,i did mo/ e>ne/ly crave 8  
lic5ce1 be+ unkn[n & ( no acc\nt 9 ! _w1
 & s lea/ to be suspect$1 to und]take   
?is ent]prise1 :i* he c\ld n himself    
p]=m2 :i* at la/ he did grant me1 albeit
 n )\t reluctance4 ,& ?us resolv$ ,i    
came to t[n4  ,& has y\r hope be5       
fru/rat$8 ,mr4 ,congleton ask$4 ,to :om 
,edmund--,i ?ank ,god1 ! end ha? answ]$ 
my expectations4 ,i committ$ ! cause to 
him to :om no?+ is impossible1 &        
det]m9$1 l a tru/y s]vant1 to d all t 9 
me did lie !reunto4 ,& ?9k+ on no o!r   
means1 ,i took up my abode ne> to !     
prison1 hop+ 9 "t to get acqua9t$ ) !   
keep]2 = :i* purpose ,i _h to dr9k ) him
 ea* day1 /&+ ! co/1 beside pay+ him    
well1 :i* ,i 0 furni%$ ) ! means to d4  
,at la/ ,i did1 by 8 means1 procure to  
see ,mr4 ,f5n1 & n only come to speak to
 him1 b to h access to 8 cell ?ree or   
f\r times ) p5 & ink & pap] to write 8  
m9d4 ,s ,i h furni%$ him ) ! in=mation  
he _h ne$ (1 & likewise br\ght away ) me
 su* answ]s to my ma/]'s que/ions z %\ld

 solve 8 d\bts h[ to proce$ 9 ! a=esaid 
matt]s4  ,god rew>d !e1 my good y\?1    
,mr4 ,congleton said1 = ?is ?+ :i* ?\   
ha/ done2 = v]ily1 "u ! laws lately set 
=?1 recusants be 9 su* condition t1 if n
 dea?1 begg>y do? />e !m 9 ! face1 & no 
rem$y !reunto except by su* assi/ance z 
well-dispos$ ,prote/ants be will+ to    
yield to !m4  ,& :]e do? my fa!r /ay at 
?is pres5t "t8 ,i ask$2 & ,edmund       
answ]$3  ,n s mu* z to y1 ,mi/ress      
,con/ance1 am ,i free to reply to t "q2 
= :5 ,i left1 ',edmund1' quo? my ma/]1  
'x is a "p ( prud5ce 9 ^! days to gu>d  
^? t be de> to u f dang]s ensu+ on :at  
m5 d call our p]v]sity2 & z ^! new laws 
enact #fjb t he :i* kn[e? any "o :i* do?
 he> mass1 be x ev] s privately1 or     
suff]s a prie/ to absolve him1 or p]=ms 
any o!r action app]ta9+ to ,ca?olic     
religion1 & do? n discov] him be=e "s   
public magi/rate )9 ! space ( tw5ty days
 next foll[+1 %all suff] ! puni%m5t (   
high treason1 ?an :i* no?+ c be m       
horrible2 & t nei!r sex nor age be a    

cause ( exemption f ! l p5alties1 s t   
fa!r mu/ accuse son1 & si/] bro!r1 &    
*ildr5 _! p>5ts2--x is1 ,i say1 a       
m]ciful "p to hide f our fri5ds :]e we d
 conceal ourselves1 ^: consci5ces d *>ge
 u ) ^! novel crimes1 le/ !irs be also  
burd5$ ) ! *oice ei!r to d5\nce u if    
call$ ^u to te/ify !reon1 or else to    
speak falsely4 ,!re=e ,i d *>ge !e1 my  
son ,edmund' 7= ?us inde$ do? my ma/]   
t]m me1 8 unwor?y s]vant71 't ?\ keep f 
my good *ild1 & my de> si/]1 & h] no    
less de> husb&1 ! k ( my pres5t1 b inde$
 ev]-%ift+1 abode2 & solely in=m !m1 by 
^w ( m\?1 t ,i am 9 good heal?1 & 9 v   
good he>t also1 & d mo/ e>ne/ly pray =  
!m1 t _! /r5g? & pati5ce be su* z !     
times d require4'  ,& art ?\ reconcil$1 
,edmund8 ,i ask$1 ev] speak+ ha/ily &   
be=eh& ) prud5ce4 ,mr4 ,congleton *eck$ 
me %>ply2 :]eupon1 ) great confusion1 ,i
 int]rupt$ my spee*2 b ,edmund1 albeit n
 9 words yet by signs1 answ]$ my "q s z 
,i %\ld be c]tifi$ x 0 ev5 z ,i hop$4   
,he !n ask$ if ,i %\ld n be glad to     

write a lett] to my fa!r1--:i* he w\ld  
c>ry to him1 s t x 0 nei!r sign$ nor    
address$1--:i* lett] ,i did sit d[n to  
compose 9 a hurri$ mann]1 my he>t       
prompt+ my p5 to utt] :at x li/$1 r ?an 
weigh+ ! words 9 :i* ^? affectionate    
s5tim5ts 7 express$4 ,mr4 ,congleton    
likewise did write to him1 :il/ ,edmund 
took "s food1 :i* he greatly ne$$2 = he 
_h sc>ce eat5 s mu* z "o com=table meal 
s9ce he _h be5 9 ,london1 & 0 to ride   
day & night till he rea*$ 8 ma/]4 ,i    
wept v bitt]ly :5 he w5t away2 = ! sight
 ( him recall$ ! de> "m ,i _h lo/1 !    
sole p>5t ^: company ,i 0 likewise reft 
(1 & ! home ,i 0 nev] l to see aga94 ,b 
:5 ^? te>s 7 /ay$1 t :i* at ! "t did    
cause sadness m9i/]$ com=t 9 !          
retrospect1 & relief f worse fe>s made !
 pres5t sep>ation f my fa!r m tol]able4 
,& on ! next ,sunday1 :5 ,i w5t to !    
,*>t] ,h\se1 ) my c\s9s & ,mi/ress ,w>d1
 ,i 0 9 su* good *e] t ,polly comm5d$ my
 prat+2 :i* %e said = "s days _h be5 s  
/ay$ t %e _h greatly fe>$ ,i _h caught !

 infecti\s plague ( melan*oly f ,kate1  
:om %e v[$ did half kill h] ) ! s\nd (  
h] doleful sigh+ s9ce ,mr4 ,lacy 0 gone1
 :i* %e said 0 a dismal music br\ght    
into fa%ion by love-sick ladies1 & su* z
 %e nev] did int5d to practise2 =1 quo? 
%e1 ,i hold c>e to be ! wor/ enemy 9    
life2 & to be 9 love v dull sport1 if x 
s]ve n to make "o m]ry4 ,?is %e said    
turn+ to ,sir ,ralph ,+oldby1 !         
a=e-m5tion$ suitor = h] h&1 :o w5t ) u1 
& !reupon cri$ out1 ,m]cy on u1 fair    
mi/ress1 if we mu/ be m]ry :5 we be sad1
 & by m]rim5t w9 a lady's love1 ! lack (
 :i* do? s take away m]rim5t t we mu/   
ne$s be sad1 & s lose t :i* %\ld cure   
sadness2 & mu* m he 9 t /yle1 & %e      
answ]+ & mak+ sport ( 8 disc\rse1 z 0 h]
 wont ) all g5tlem54  ,:5 we rea*$ !    
h\se1 ,mrs4 ,milic5t 0 await+ u at !    
door ( ! gall]y = to conduct u to ! be/ 
place :]e9 we c\ld see h] maje/y's      
entrance4 ,!re 7 "s seats !re & o!r     
p]sons pres5t1 "s ( :i* 7 ( ,polly's    
acqua9tance1 ) :om %e did keep up a #fjc

 brisk conv]sation1 9 :i* ,i _h occasion
 to notice ! %>pness ( h] wit1 9 :i* %e 
did surpass any woman ,i h s9ce kn[n1 = 
%e 0 nev] at a loss = an answ]2 z :5 "o 
said to h]--  ,truly1 y h no mean op9ion
 ( y\rself1 fair mi/ress4  ,z "o %all   
prize himself1 quo? %e1 s let him look  
to be valu$ by o!rs4  ,& ano!r3 ,y ?9k  
y\rself to be ,m9]va4  ,:]eupon %e3 ,no1
 sir1 n :5 ,i be at y\r elb[2 mean+ he 0
 no ,ulysses4  ,& :5 "o g5tleman ask$ h]
 ( a book1 if %e _h read x3  ,! epi/le1 
%e said1 & no m4  ,& :]e=e no m1 quo?   
he1 s9ce t ha? wit 9 x8  ,because1 %e   
answ]$1 an au?or :o sets all 8 wit 9 8  
epi/le is l to make 8 book resemble a   
bankrupt's d\blet4  ,h[ s8 ask$ !       
g5tleman4  ,9 ?is wise1 sai? %e1 t he   
sets ! velvet be=e1 ?\gh ! back be b (  
buckram4  ,= my "p1 quo? a foppi% "y    
man1 ,i h ?\ghts 9 my m9d %\ld fill _m  
volumes4  ,alack1 good sir1 cries %e1 is
 !re no type good en\gh to set !m 98    
,he1 some:at nettl$1 decl>es t %e reads 
no books b ( "o sort1 & doats on ,sir   

,bevis & ,owlglass1 or ,fa%ion's        
,mirror1 & su* l idle /uff1 :]e9 he     
himself _h nev] f\nd s mu* z "o ^w (    
pr(itable use or reasonable ent]ta9m5t4 
,i h read a fable1 %e said1 :i* speaks (
 a pa/ure 9 :i* ox5 f9d fodd]1 h\nds1   
h>es1 /orks1 liz>ds1 & "s animals no?+4 
,to deliv] y my op9ion1 said a lady :o  
sat next to ,polly's disputant1 ,i h no 
great e/eem = lett]s 9 g5tlewom54 ,!    
greate/ read]s be (t ! wor/ do]s4       
,lett]s6 cries ,polly2 :y1 surely !y be 
! mo/ weighty ?+s 9 creation2 = s mu* z 
! diff]5ce ( "o lett] mi/ak5 9 ! ord] 9 
:i* x %\ld /& 9 a %ort s5t5ce do? alt] !
 expression ( a man's resolve 9 a matt] 
( life & dea?4  ,h[ prove y t1 madam8   
quo? ! lady4  ,by ! same tok51 answ]$   
,polly1 t ,i once did he> a g5tleman    
say1 ',i mu/ g die a begg>1' :o will$ to
 say1 ',i mu/ g buy a dagg]4'  ,!y all  
did laugh1 & !n "s "o said1 ,!re 0 a    
witty book ( emblems made on all !      
c>d9als at ,rome1 9 :i* ^! sc>let pr9ces
 7 v r\ghly h&l$4 ,bell>m9e1 = in/ance1 

z a tig] fa/ *a9$ to a po/1 & a scroll  
proce$+ f ! bea/'s m\?--',give me my    
lib]ty2 y %all see :at ,i am4' ,i wi%1  
quo? ! speak]1 he 7 let loose 9 ?is     
isl&4 ,! que5's judges w\ld soon con/ra9
 him to eat 8 words4  ,p]adv5ture1      
answ]$ ,polly1 8 own words %\ld be too  
good food = a recusant 9 h] maje/y's    
prisons4  ,maybe1 madam1 y h ta/$ ( t   
food1 quo? ! a=esaid lady1 t y be s well
 acqua9t$ ) its qualities4  ,!n ,i      
p]ceiv$ t ,mi/ress ,w>d did nudge ,polly
 = to /ay h] f c>ry+ on a fur!r enc\nt] 
( words on ?is subject2 =1 z %e did     
rem9d u aft]w>d1 _m p]sons _h be5 ?r[n  
into prison = only s mu* z a ^w lightly 
spok5 9 conv]sation :i* %\ld be suppos$ 
ev5 9 a remote mann] to inf] a favorable
 op9ion ( ,ca?olic religion2 z1 =       
in/ance1 a booksell] 9 ,ox=d1 = a je/   
t\*+ ! que5's supremacy 9 ecclesia/ical 
matt]s1 _h be5 a %ort "t be=e arre/$1   
pillori$1 :ipp$1 & 8 e>s nail$ to a     
c\nt]1 :i* ) a knife he _h himself to   
cut ?r\gh to free himself2 :i* maybe _h 

n be5 tak5 mu* notice (1 z no?+ s+ul> 9 
^! days1 ! man be+ a ,ca?olic & ( no    
great note1 b t mu* talk _h #fjd be5    
m9i/]$ conc]n+ a t]rible disease :i*    
broke out imm$iately aft] ! pass+ ( t   
s5t5ce1 by :i* ! judge :i* _h pron\nc$  
x1 ! jury1 & _m o!r p]sons conc]n$ 9 x1 
_h di$ rav+ mad2 to ! no small affright 
( ! :ole city4 ,i we51 h[soev]1 no nudg+
 %\ld h /opp$ ,polly f talk+1 :i* inde$ 
0 a passion ) h]1 b t a bur/ ( music at 
t "t did ann\nce ! que5's approa*1 & we 
did all /& up on ! tiptoe ( expectation 
to see h] maje/y ent]4  ,my he>t did    
beat z fa/ z ! p5dulum ( a clock :5 !   
cries outside res\nd$1 ,long live ,que5 
,elizabe?6 & h] maje/y's voice 0        
di/9ctly he>d answ]+1 ,i ?ank y1 my good
 p2 & ! u%]s cry+ out1 ,la ,royne6 z !  
great door 0 ?r[n op52 ?r\gh :i* we did 
see h] maje/y alight f h] coa*1 foll[$  
by _m nobles & lords1 & among/ !m "o (  
h] bi%ops1 & my ,"l & my ,lady ,surrey1 
kneel+ to receive h] on ! /eps1 ) a     
goodly company ( k9sfolks & fri5ds ar\nd

 !m4 ,oh1 h[ ,i did note e l9eam5t ( t  
royal lady1 ( s great p[] & maje/y1 t x 
%\ld seem z if %e 7 n made ( ! same m\ld
 z ^? ( :om ! ,scriptures d say1 t du/  
!y are1 & to du/ mu/ !y return4 ,v      
maje/ic did %e appe>2 h] /ature nei!r   
tall nor l[1 b h] air exce$+ly /ately4  
,h] eyes small & black1 h] face fair1 h]
 nose a little hook$1 & h] lips n>r[4   
,^u h] head %e _h a small cr[n1 h] bosom
 0 uncov]$2 %e wore an oblong coll> (   
gold & jewels1 & on h] neck an exce$+   
f9e necklace4 ,%e 0 dress$ 9 :ite silk  
bord]$ ) pe>ls1 & ov] x a mantle ( black
 silk %ot ) silv] ?reads2 h] tra91 :i* 0
 borne by h] ladies1 0 v long4 ,:5 my "l
 knelt1 %e pull$ (f h] glove1 & gave him
 h] "r h& to kiss1 sp>kl+ ) r+s &       
jewels2 b :5 my lady1 9 z sweet & mode/ 
a mann] z c be ?\ght (1 advanc$ to pay  
h] ! same homage1 %e did )draw x ha/ily 
& mov$ on4 ,i c ev5 n[1 at ?is di/ance (
 "t1 call to m9d ! look ( t sweet lady's
 face z %e rose to foll[ h] maje/y1 :o  
leant on my "l's arm ) a %[ ( s+ul>     

favor1 address+ h]self to him 9 a mild1 
playful1 & oblig+ mann]4 ,h[ ! "y       
c\ntess's *eek did gl[ ) a burn+ blu%1 z
 if d\bt+ if %e _h (f5d$ 9 ! mann] ( h] 
behavior1 or _h anyways m]it$ ! repulse 
%e _h met )6 ,h[ %e /ood = "o mom5t     
irresolute1 seek+ to cat* my "l's eye1 s
 z to be direct$ by him2 & fail+ to d s1
 ) a pretty smile1 b ) :at ,i1 :o lov$  
h]1 fanci$ to be a quiv]+ lip1 address$ 
h]self to ! ladies ( ! que51 & conduct$ 
!m ?r\gh ! cloi/]s to ! g>d51 :i!r h]   
highness & my "l _h gone4  ,9 a brief "t
 ,mi/ress ,milic5t came to fet* u to a  
w9d[ :i* look$ on ! squ>e1 :]e a great  
op5 t5t 0 set = a collation1 & seats all
 r\nd x = ! conc]t :i* 0 to foll[4 ,z we
 w5t along1 ,i took occasion to ask ( h]
 ! "n ( a wait+-g5tleman1 :o ord]$ ab\t 
! s]vants ) no small alacrity1 & met h] 
maje/y ) _m b[s & quirks & a long       
complim5t 9 v]se4  ,tis ,mr4 ,*ur*y>d1  
%e said2 a reta9] ( 8 grace's1 & a poet 
)al4  ,n a grave "o1 ,i hope1 said      
,polly4  ,nay1 answ]$ ! simple          

g5tlewoman1 b "o well v]s$ 9 pageants & 
t\rnam5ts & su*like devices1 z well z 9 
writ+ ( v]ses & epigrams v f9e & witty4 
,h] maje/y do? sometimes s5d = him :5   
any pageant is on h&4  ,ah1 !n1 ,i d\bt 
n1 quo? ,polly1 he do? take himself to  
be no mean p]sonage 9 ! /ate1 & s       
behaves accord+ly4  #fje  ,pretty       
,milic5t left u to seek = ,mi/ress      
,bess1 :om %e _h *>ge ( t day2 & n[ our 
eyes 7 s int5t on wat*+ ! spectacle be=e
 u t ev5 ,polly = a :ile 0 sil5t4 ,!    
que5 did sit at table ) a /ore ( noblem5
 wait+ on h]2 & a m goodly sight & a r>]
 "o is n to be se5 ?an a /ore ( m5 fam$ 
= s mu* brav]y & wit & arts ( /ate1 t   
none h be5 f\nd to surpass !m 9 any age1
 :o be s loyal to a que5 & s rev]5t to a
 woman z ^! to ?is lady1 :o do? we> !   
cr[n ( s great a k+dom1 s t all ! _w do?
 hold x 9 respect1 & h] h& s\ght by s _m
 great pr9ces4 ,b all ?is "t ,i c\ld n  
p]ceive t %e s mu* z once did look t[>d 
my ,lady ,surrey1 or spoke "o s+le ^w to
 h] or to my ,lady ,lumley1 or little   

,bess1 & took v scanty notice also ( my 
,lady ,b]keley1 8 grace's si/]1 :o 0 a  
lady ( s great & haughty a /oma*1 & (   
spee* s eloqu5t & ready1 t ,i h he>d !  
que5 did say1 t albeit ,lady ,b]keley   
b5t h] knee :5 %e made obeisance to h]1 
%e c\ld v well see %e b5t n h] w to love
 or s]ve h]1 & t %e lik$ n su* z h a    
man's he>t 9 a woman's body4 ',tis said 
t p>ity bre$e? n affection1 or aff9ity  
respect1 ( :i* say+ ?is op9ion ( !      
que5's %\ld seem a notable example4 ,b  
to see my ,lady ,surrey s treat$ 9 h]   
own husb&'s fa!r's h\se work$ 9 me su*  
effects ( *ol]1 m+l$ ) sadness1 t ,i    
c\ld sc>ce re/ra9 my te>s4 ,me?\ght !re 
0 a great] nobl5ess & a m true que5ly   
greatness 9 h] meek & )al dignifi$      
endurance ( ^! slights :o 0 ! subject1  
?an 9 ! sov]eign :o did s insult "o :o  
lea/ ( all did des]ve x4 ,:at ! que5    
did1 o!rs took patt]n f2 & nei!r my ,"l 
,burleigh1 nor my ,"l ,leice/]1 or ,sir 
,*ri/oph] ,hatton1 or "y ,"l ,essex     
7albeit my "l's own fri5d 71 or little  

,sir ,john ,h>r+ton1 h] maje/y's godson1
 did s mu* z speak "o civil ^w or %[ h] 
! lea/ att5tion2 b %e did be> h]self ) s
 mu* sweetness1 &1 ?\gh ,i knew h] he>t 
0 full almo/ to bur/+1 kept up s brave  
an appe>ance t none %\ld see x except   
su* z _h _! own he>ts w\nd$ ?r\gh h]s1 t
 "s 7 pres5t t day :o s9ce h told me t1 
= promise ( future di/9ction & true     
nobility ( aspect & behavior1 !y _h n 9 
_! :ole lives kn[n "o to be comp>$ ) !  
"y ,c\ntess ( ,surrey4  ,polly did po9t 
out to u ! a=esaid noblem5 & g5tlem51 & 
also ,dr4 ,*5ey1 ! bi%op ( ,gl\ce/]1 :o 
_h accompani$ h] maje/y1 & ,m4 de la    
,motte1 ! ,fr5* ambassador1 :om %e did  
seem greatly to favor2 b none t day s   
mu* z my ,"l ,surrey1 on :om %e let fall
 _m graci\s smiles1 & us$ playful       
fa%ions ) him1 su* z nipp+ him once or  
twice on ! =ehead1 & %ak+ h] fan1 z if  
to reprove him = 8 answ]s to h]         
que/ions1 :i* nev]!less1 if h] c\nt5ance
 might be judg$ (1 did greatly cont5t   
h]2 albeit ,i once obs]v$ h] to fr[n 7& 

me?\ght1 !n1 :at a t]ror do? lie 9 a    
sov]eign's fr[n7 & speak %>ply to him2  
at ! :i* a high color came into 8 *eek1 
& rose up ev5 to 8 temples1 :i* h]      
maje/y p]ceiv+1 %e did aga9 use ! same  
bl&i%m5ts z be=e2 & :5 ! collation 0    
end$1 & ! conc]t began1 :i* _h be5      
provid$ = h] grace's ent]ta9m5t1 %e w\ld
 h him sit at h] feet1 & gave him s _m  
tok5s ( good-w1 t ,i he>d ,sir ,ralph   
,+oldby1 :o 0 /&+ beh9d me1 say to ano!r
 g5tleman3  ,if t "y nobleman's fa!r is 
l to be %ort] by ! head1 8 fa!r's son is
 l to h 8 own rais$ high] ?an ev] 8     
fa!r's 01 s he do? keep cle> ( papi/ry &
 ov]mu* fondness = 8 wife1 :i* be ! two 
?+s h] #fjfmaje/y do? mo/ abhor 9 h]    
c\rti]s4  ,my he>t mov+ me to curiosity1
 ,i c\ld n =be> to ask3  ,i pray y1 sir1
 :]e=e do? n h] maje/y l h] c\rti]s to  
love _! wives8  ,at ! :i* "q he laugh$1 
& said3  ,by reason1 ,mi/ress ,con/ance1
 t :5 !y be 9 t case !y d become /ay]s  
at home1 & wait n on h] maje/y ) a l    
dilig5ce z :5 !y are unm>ri$1 or        

lea/ways love n _! ladies4 ,! ,bible    
sai? a man _c s]ve ,god & mammon4 ,n[ h]
 grace do? op9e m5 _c s]ve ! que5 & _!  
wives also4  ,!n1 ,i w>mly cri$1 ,i hope
 my ,"l ,surrey %all nev] s]ve ! que56  
,i' fai?1 say x n s l\d1 "y ,mi/ress    
,papi/1 said ,sir ,ralph1 laugh+1 or we 
%all h y committ$ = high treason4 ,"s   
are 9 ! ,t[]1 ,i w>rant y1 = no worse   
(f5ce ?an ! utt]+ ( su* l ra% words4 ,h[
 %\ld y fancy to h y\r pretty e>s bor$ )
 a r\gh] in/rum5t ?an ,ma/] ,anselm's ! 
jewell]8  ,& s he2 b ,polly1 :o me?9ks 0
 n well pleas$ t he %\ld notice m9e e>s1
 :i* 7 little & well-%ap$1 :]eas h]s 7  
some:at l>g] ?an did accord ) h] small  
face1 did /op 8 fur!r spee* ) me by ask+
 him if he 7 an enemy to papi/s2 = if s1
 %e w\ld h naught to say to him1 & he   
might become a c\rti] to ! que51 or any 
"o else's husb&1 = any?+ %e did c>e1    
yea1 if %e 7 to lose h] e>s = x4  ,& he 
answ]$1 he did v mu* love "s papi/s1    
albeit he hat$ papi/ry :5 x prov$ n     
con=mable to reason & ! laws ( ! c\ntry4

  ,& s !y fell to :isp]+ & su*like      
disc\rses z lov]s hold toge!r2 & ,i1 be+
 seat$ betwixt ?is enamor$ g5tleman & ! 
wall on ! o!r side1 _h no "o !n to talk 
)4 ,b if my tongue & m9e e>s also1 save 
= ! music bel[1 7 idle1 n s m9e eyes2 = 
!y did /ray f "o po9t to ano!r ( ! fair 
spectacle :i* ! g>d5 did !n pres5t1 n[  
re/+ on ! que5 & ^? ne> unto h]1 & anon 
on my ,lady ,surrey1 :o sat on a c\* to 
! left ( h] maje/y's rais$ canopy1      
toge!r ) ,lady ,s\?well1 ,lady ,arundell
 7,sir ,rob]t's wife71 & o!r ladies ( ! 
que51 & on "o side ( h] ! bi%op (       
,gl\ce/]1 :om1 by reason ( 8 assidu\s   
talk+ ) h]1 ,i took m special note ( ?an
 ,i %\ld o!rwise h done2 albeit he 0 a  
man :i* did attract ! eye1 ev5 at ! fir/
 sight1 by a mo/ amiable suavity (      
c\nt5ance1 & a sweet & dignifi$ behavior
 bo? 9 spee* & action su* z ,i h seldom 
obs]v$ great] 9 any "o4 ,8 mann]s 7 free
 & uncon/ra9$2 & only to look at him    
conv]se1 x 0 easy to p]ceive he _h a mo/
 ready wit temp]$ ) b5evol5ce4 ,he seem$

 va/ly tak5 ) my ,lady ,surrey2 & ei!r  
_h n notic$ h[ o!rs kept alo( f h]1 or 0
 r mov$ !reby to %[ h] civility2 = !y   
soon did fall into su* eag]1 & 9 "s sort
 famili>1 disc\rse1 z x %\ld seem to run
 on "s subject ( l int]e/ to bo?4 ,h]   
color w5t & came z ! conv]sation        
advanc$2 & :5 %e spoke1 he li/5$ ) su*  
grave suavity1 &1 :5 %e /ay$ h] spee*1  
answ]$ 9 s oblig+ a mann]1 & seem$ s lo?
 to break (f1 t ,i c\ld n b admire h[   
two p]sons1 hi!rto /rang]s to ea* o!r1 &
 ( su* v>i\s ages & /&+1 %\ld be s      
companionable on a fir/ acqua9tance%ip4 
,:5 ! que5 rose to dep>t1 9 ! same ord] 
9 :i* %e came1 e "o kneel+ z %e pass$1  
,i did ke5ly wat* to see :at visage %e  
w\ld %[ to my ,lady ,surrey1 :om %e did 
inde$ ?is "t salute2 b 9 no graci\s     
mann]1 z "o :o looks )\t look+1 notices 
)\t #fjg he$+1 & 9 t5d]+ ( ?anks ?anke? 
n4 ,z my "l walk$ by h] maje/y's side   
?r\gh ! cloi/]s to ! door1 he sudd5ly   
dropp$ on "o knee1 & draw+ a pap] f 8   
bosom1 did pres5t x to h] highness1 :o  

/>t$ z if surpris$1 & %ook h] head 9 a  
playful mann]--7oh1 :at a cruel         
playfulness me?\ght x 01 :o knew1 z h]  
maje/y mu/ ne$s also h done1 :at t pap] 
did conta97--z if %e w\ld n be at t "t  
tr\bl$ ) su* grave matt]s1 & did h& x to
 my ,"l ,burleigh2 !n gave aga9 h] h& to
 my "l to kiss1 :o did kneel ) a l      
rev]5ce z be=e2 b ) a %ade ( melan*oly 9
 8 fair "y face1 :i* me?\ght became x   
bett] ?an ! smiles x _h worn t day4     
,aft] ! que5 _h left1 & all ! gue/s 7   
gone save su* few z my "l _h will$ to   
/ay to supp] 9 8 private ap>tm5ts1 ,i   
w5t unto my lady's *amb]1 :]e ,i f\nd   
,mi/ress ,milic5t1 :o said %e 0 ) my "l1
 & pray$ me to await h] return2 = t %e 0
 urg5t ,i %\ld n dep>t )\t speak+ ) h]1 
:i* 0 also :at ,i greatly desir$4 ,s ,i 
took a book & read = ! space ( an h\r or
 m1 :il/ %e t>ri$ ) my "l4 ,:5 %e came  
91 ,i c\ld see %e _h be5 weep+4 ,b h]   
wom5 be+ pres5t1 & likewise ,mi/ress    
,bess1 %e tri$ to smile1 & press$ my h&1
 bidd+ me to /ay till %e 0 rid ( h]     

trapp+s1 z %e did t]m !m2 &1 sitt+ d[n  
be=e h] mirror1--?\gh ,i we5 %e nev]    
look$ at h] own face1 :i* t ev5+ _h 9 x 
m ( ! :it5ess ( a lily ?an ! color ( !  
rose1--%e desir$ h] wom5 to unbraid h]  
hair1 & remove f h] head ! diamond      
circlet1 & f h] neck ! heavy gold *a9 ) 
a pe>l cross1 :i* _h belong$ to h]      
husb&'s "m4 ,!n /epp+ out ( h] robe1 %e 
put on a silk wrapp]1 & s dismiss$ !m1 &
 likewise little ,bess1 :o be=e %e w5t  
:isp]$ 9 h] e>3  ,nan1 me?9ks ! que5 is 
f\l & r$-hair$1 & ,i %\ld n c>e to kiss 
h] h& = all ! f9e jewels %e do? we>4  ,&
 s hugg$ h] r\nd ! neck & /opp$ h] m\? )
 kisses4 ,:5 !y 7 gone1  ,con/ance1 quo?
 %e1 we be full "y1 ,i we51 = ! burd5   
laid ^u u1 my "l & me4  ,ay1 sweet "o1  
,i cri$2 & ,god def5d ?\ %\ld/ h to c>ry
 x alone2 = my he>t 0 sore t %e _h _h s 
little favor %[n to h] & my "l s mu*4 ,a
 fa9t color t+$ h] *eek z %e repli$3    
,god kn[s ,i %\ld be well cot5t t ,phil 
%\ld /& s well 9 h] maje/y's good graces
 z %\ld be conv5i5t to 8 honor & !      

fur!rance ( 8 =tunes1 if s be 8 fa!r 0  
out ( prison2 & 'tis little ,i %\ld reck
 ( su* slights z h] highness %\ld *oose 
to put ^u me1 if ,i saw him n s covet\s 
( h] favor t he %all ?9k less well ( 8  
poor ,nan h]eaft] by reason ( ! lack (  
h] maje/y's good op9ion ( h]1 :i* 0 s   
pla9ly %[$ to-day4 ,=1 good ,con/ance1  
be?9k !e :at a gall+ ?+ x is to a "y    
nobleman to see 8 wife s meanly         
entreat$2 & = h] maje/y to ask him1 z %e
 did1 if ! pale-fac$ *it by 8 side1 :5  
%e arriv$1 0 8 si/] or 8 c\s94 ,& :5 he 
said x 0 8 wife :o _h knelt ) him to    
greet h] maje/y--,wife6 quo? ! que52 i' 
fai?1 ,i _h =gott5 ?\ wa/ m>ri$--if     
inde$ t is to be call$ a m>riage :i*    
*ildr5 d contract be=e !y come to ! age 
( reason2 & said %e w\ld take measures =
 t a law %\ld be pass$ :i* %\ld make su*
 fooli% m>riages unlawful4 ,& :5 my "l  
tri$ to tell h] we _h be5 m>ri$ a second
 "t a few mon?s s9ce1 %e pret5d$ n to   
he>1 & ask$ ,m4 de la ,motte if1 9 8    
c\ntry1 *ildr5 7 made to m>ry 9 _!      

infancy4 ,to :i* he gave answ]1 t ! l   
practice did sometimes take place #fjh 9
 ,france2 & t he _h himself be5 pres5t  
at a w$d+ :]e ! bridegroom 0 :ipp$      
because he did refuse to op5 ! ball ) ! 
bride4 ,at ! :i* h] maje/y v mu* laugh$1
 & said %e hop$ my "l _h n be5 s us$ on 
8 w$d+-day4 ,i promise y ,phil 0 v      
angry2 b ! w\nd ^! je/s made 0 s salv$  
ov] ) complim5ts1 :i* pleasantly tickle 
! e>s :5 utt]$ by s great a que51 & m>ks
 ( favor m num]\s ?an c be ?\ght (1 9 ! 
matt] ( invit+ him to hunt ) h] 9       
,m>ylebone & ,gre5wi* p>k1 & tell+ him  
he des]v$ bett] treatm5t ?an he _h1 z to
 8 h\sehold & sett+ =w>d 9 ! _w1 t      
me?9ks ! sc> 0 n long 9 heal+2 albeit 9 
! relat+ ( ^! passages ! pa9 some:at    
reviv$4 ,b :at do? afflict me ! mo/ is !
 refusal h] highness made to read my    
"l's lett]1 lam5t+ ! unhappy position ( 
! duke 8 fa!r1 & hop+ ! que51 by 8 means
 & ^? ( o!r fri5ds1 %\ld mitigate h]    
ang]4 ,i w\ld h _h ,phil n only g d[n on
 8 knees z he did1 b lie on ! ?re%old ( 

! door1 s t %e %\ld h walk$ ov] ! son's 
body if %e refus$ to %[ m]cy to ! fa!r2 
b he yet do? greatly hope f ! favor %[$ 
him t he may sue h] maje/y ) bett]      
effect "s o!r "t2 & ,i pray ,god he may 
be "r4  ,"h did ! de> lady break (f h]  
spee*1 &1 hid+ h] face 9 h] h&s1 rema9$ 
sil5t = a %ort space2 & ,i1 see+ h] s   
deeply mov$1 ) ! int5t to draw away h]  
?\ghts f pa9ful mus+s1 inquir$ ( h] if !
 good ent]ta9m5t %e _h f\nd 9 conv]s+ ) 
! bi%op _h be5 attributable to 8 witty  
disc\rse1 or to ! subjects !re9 treat$  
(4  ,ah1 good ,con/ance1 %e answ]$1 our 
talk 0 ( "o :om y h (t5 he>d me speak   
(--,mr4 ,m>t9's fri5d1 ,ma/] ,campion1  
,footnote #abb :o is n[ beyond seas at  
,d\ay1 & :om ?is bi%op once did hold to 
be m de> to him ?an ! apple ( 8 eye4 ,he
 says 8 qualifications 7 s excell5t1 &  
he s belov$ by all p]sons 9 & outside ( 
8 college at ,ox=d1 t none m s2 & t he  
did himself see 9 him s great a pres5t  
m]it & promise ( future excell5ce1 t x  
_h caus$ him m grief ?an any?+ else :i* 

_h happ5$ to him1 & be5 ! occasion ( 8  
%$d+ m te>s ?an he _h ev] ?\ght to h    
done1 :5 he :o _h receiv$ f him deacon's
 ord]s1 & :om he _h hop$ %\ld h be5 an  
honor & a prop to ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&1 did 
=sake x & fly 9 ! face ( 8 que5 & 8     
c\ntry3 fir/1 by go+ into ,irel&2 & !n1 
z he und]/ood1 beyond seas1 to s]ve !   
bi%op ( ,rome1 aga9/ ! laws ( ,god &    
man4 ,b t he did yet s de>ly affection  
him t1 und]/&+ we _h sometimes tid+s (  
,mr4 ,m>t91 by ^: means he _h mo/ly be5 
mov$ to ?is lam5table defection1 he %\ld
 be cont5t$ to he> some:at ( 8 :ilom    
son1 /ill de> to him1 albeit e/rang$4 ,i
 told him we did (t5 see ,ma/] ,campion 
:5 ,mr4 ,m>t9 0 "h2 & t1 f :at ,i _h    
he>d1 bo? 7 l to be at ,d\ay1 b t no    
lett]s pass$ betwe5 ,mr4 ,m>t9 &        
ourselves2 = t 8 grace did n all[ ( su* 
correspond5ce s9ce he _h be5 reconcil$ &
 gone beyond seas4 ,:i* ! bi%op said 0 a
 comm5dable prud5ce 9 8 grace1 & ! "p ( 
a c>eful fa!r2 & add$1 t !n maybe he    
knew m ( :at _h befall5 ,ma/] ,campion  

?an ,i did2 = t he _h a long epi/le f   
him1 s full ( mov+ argum5ts & pi?y      
remon/rances z might h %ak5 "o n well   
gr\nd$ & settl$ 9 8 religion1 & :i* also
 conta9$ a recital ( 8 ne> arre/ 9      
,dubl91 :]e ! que5's (fic]s w\ld h      
arre/$ him1 if a fri5d _h n privately   
w>n$ him ( 8 dang]4 ,& ,i d "k1 good    
#fji ,con/ance1 :o t fri5d 02 = albeit  
,i w\ld n tell ! bi%op we _h se5 ,ma/]  
,campion s9ce he 0 reconcil$1 he1 9     
tru?1 0 "h "s mon?s ago3 my "l met him 9
 ! /reet1 disguis$ z a common travell+  
man1 & br\ght him into ! g>d51 :i!r he  
also call$ me2 & we he>d !n f him h[ he 
w\ld h be5 tak5 9 ,irel&1 if ! vic]oy   
himself1 ,sir ,h5ry ,sydney1 :o did     
greatly favor him1--z inde$ all :o "k   
him incl9e to d1 = 8 great p>ts1 &      
nobl5ess ( m9d & he>t1 & )al mo/        
attractive mann]s1--_h n s5t him a      
message1 9 ! middle ( ! night1 to !     
effect t he %\ld in/antly leave ! city1 
& take measures = to escape abroad4 ,s1 
"u ! "n ( ,patrick1 & we>+ ! liv]y ( !  

,e>l ( ,kild>e1 he travell$ to a port   
tw5ty miles f ,dubl91 & !re emb>k$ =    
,engl&4 ,! que5's (fic]s1 com+ on bo>d !
 %ip :]eon he _h tak5 8 passage1 be=e x 
sail$1 se>*$ x all ov]2 b ?r\gh ,god's  
m]cy1 he said1 & ,/4 ,patrick's pray]s1 
^: "n he _h tak51 no "o did recognize   
him1 & he pass$ to ,london2 & ! day     
aft]1 my "l s5t him ov] to ,fl&]s4 ,s   
mu* z ! bi%op did "k !reon1 he relat$   
unto me1 & /9t$ n 9 8 praise ( 8 great  
m]its1 & lam5tations = :at he call$ 8   
p]v]sion2 & h5ce he took occasion to    
speak ( religion4 ,& :5 ,i said ,i _h   
be5 br\ght up 9 ! ,ca?olic religion1    
albeit ,i n[ con=m$ to ! times1 he said 
he w\ld %[ me ! way to be ,ca?olic &    
/ill obey ! laws1 & t ,i might yet      
believe = ! mo/ "p :at ,i _h le>nt f my 
tea*]s1 s be ,i r5\nc$ ! ,pope1 &       
comm5d$ my say+ ! pray]s ,i _h be5 us$  
to2 :i*1 he d\bt$ n1 7 m pleas+ to ,god 
?an su* z "s m9i/]s d recite out ( _!   
own heads1 :om he did grieve to he>     
frequ5t$ our h\se1 & 7 no bett] ?an     

h]etics1 su* z ,mr4 ,fox & ,mr4 ,fulke &
 ,mr4 ,*>ke1 & ! l ( !m4 ,b :at did mu* 
cont5t me 01 t he mislikes ! cruel usage
 recusants d meet )2 & he said1 n z if  
boa/+ ( x1 b to decl>e 8 m9d !reon1 t he
 _h (t5 s5t !m alms :o suff]$ = _!      
consci5ce' sake1 z _m d at ?is "t4 ,b t 
,i 0 to rememb] _m ,prote/ants 7 burnt 9
 ! late que5's "t1 & t if ,papi/s 7 n   
kept "u by /rict laws1 ! l might happ5  
aga94    ,footnote #abb3 ,/ate ,pap]s4  
,y %\ld h told him1 ,i cri$1 :o _h be5  
sil5t long] ?an ,i lik$1 t ,prote/ants  
are burnt also 9 ?is reign1 by ! same   
tok5 t "s ,anabapti/s did s suff] a %ort
 "t back1 to y\r ,mr4 ,fox's no small   
disgu/1 :o %\ld w none b ,ca?olics to be
 put to dea?4  ,cont5t !e1 good         
,con/ance1 my lady answ]$2 ,i be n s    
furni%$ ) argum5ts z ?\ 9 a l case w\ld/
 be4 ,s ,i only said1 ,i w\ld to ,god   
none 7 burnt1 or hang$1 or tortur$ any m
 9 ?is c\ntry1 or 9 ! _w at all1 =      
religion2 & my "l ( ,gl\ce/] decl>$ he 0
 ( ! same m9d1 & w\ld h none s dealt )1 

if he c\ld m5d x1 "h or abroad4 ,!n !   
que5 ris+ to g1 our disc\rse came to an 
end2 b ?is good bi%op says he w visit me
 :5 he next do? come to ,london1 & make 
t matt] pla9 to me h[ ,i c rema9        
,ca?olic1 & obey ! que51 & cont5t 8     
grace4  ,!n he w %[ y1 ,i cri$1 h[ to   
s]ve ,god & ! _w1 :i* ! gospel sai? is a
 ?+ n to be ?\ght (1 & full ( p]il to ! 
s\l4  ,my ,lady ,surrey bur/ into te>s1 
& ,i 0 ang]$ ) myself t ,i _h spok5     
p]adv5ture ov] %>ply to h] :o _h too mu*
 tr\ble already2 b x did make me mad to 
see h] s beset t ! fai? :i* _h be5 once 
s root$ 9 h]1 & %\ld be h] sure & only  
/ay 9 ! dang]\s pa? %e _h ent]$ on1 %\ld
 be 9 su* wise %ak5 z h] words did      
indicate4 #faj ,b %e 0 n ang]$1 ! sweet 
s\l2 & draw+ me to h]self1 laid h] head 
on my bosom1 & said3  ,?\ art a true    
fri5d1 ?\gh a bold "o2 & ,i pray ,god ,i
 may nev] lack ! b5efit ( su* fri5d%ip z
 ?9e1 = he kn[e? ,i h great ne$ !re(4   
,& s we p>t$ ) _m t5d] embraces1 & our  
he>ts m /rictly l9k$ toge!r ?an         

h]et(ore4    ,,*apt] ,x4  ,9 ! mon? (   
,novemb] ( ! same ye> 9 :i* ! que5 did  
visit ,"l & ,lady ,surrey at ! ,*>t]    
,h\se1 a p]son1 :o m5tion$ n 8 "n1      
deliv]$ into ! port]'s h&s at our gate a
 lett] = me1 :i* ,i f\nd to be f my good
 fa!r1 & :i* ,i d "h transcribe1 z a    
memorial ( 8 great piety t[>d ,god1 &   
t5d] love = me 8 unwor?y *ild4    ,,my  
,,de>ly ,,belov$ ,,daught] 7s he71--,y\r
 com=table lett] has   n a little *e]$  
me2 & ! m s t ?is pres5t "o is   l to be
 ! la/ ,i %all be able to write on ?is  
side ( !   sea1 if x s happ5 t x %all   
please ,god to prosp] my int5t1   :i* is
 to pass ov] into ,fl&]s at ! fir/      
conv5i5t   opportunity3 = ! /ress ( !   
times1 & m9e own e>ne/   desire to live 
)9 ! compass ( a religi\s life1 h mov$  
me   to =sake = a :ile ?is realm1 &     
betake myself to a place   :i* %all af=d
 opportunity & a suffici5cy ( leisure = 
!   prosecution ( my design4 ,!         
com=table report ,edmund made ( ?y      
heal?1 increas$ height1 & good          

condition1 z also ( ?y   exce$+ pleasant
 & affectionate behavior to him1 z      
deput$ f   ?y poor fa!r to convey to !e 
8 pat]nal bless+1 toge!r   ) su* tok5s z
 a ?ird p]son may exhibit ( t mo/       
natural   & t5d] affection :i* he be>s  
to !e1 8 sole *ild1 :om   next to ,god  
he do? mo/ entirely value & love1--( :i*
 *>ge   ?is good y\? assur$ me he did   
acquit himself z my true son 9   ,*ri/1 
:i* inde$ he n[ is1--& my good bro!r's  
lett] &   ?9e1 :i* bo? d give pro( ( !  
exce$+ great favor %[n   t[>d !e 9 8    
h\se1 :]e9 he do? reckon my ,con/ance n 
s   mu* a niece 7= su* be 8 words7 z a  
mo/ *]i%$ daught]1   ^: good qualities &
 lively p>ts h s ende>$ h] to 8         
family1 t ! greate/ sorr[ :i* c\ld befal
 !m %\ld be to   lose h] company2 :i* ,i
 d n "h recite = to awak5 9 !e   motions
 ( pride or a va9 conceit ( ?9e own     
des]ts1 b r   gratitude to ^? ^:        
goodness is s great z to ov]look ?y     
defects & magnify ?y m]its2--,edmund's  
report1 ,i say1 c\pl$ )   ^! lett]s1 h  

yield$ me all ! cont5tm5t ,i desire at  
?is   "t1 :5 ,i am ab\t to emb>k on a   
p]il\s voyage1 ( :i* none   c =esee !   
c\rse or ! end2 "o 9 :i* ,i take ! cross
 (   ,*ri/ z my only /aff2 8 words1     
,foll[ me1 = my motto2 &   8 promise to 
all su* z d confess him be=e m51 z !    
assur$   an*or ( my hope4    ,our +5u\s 
y\? in=m$ !e 7albeit ,i d\bt n 9 su*    
wise   z to conceal1 if x _h be5        
possible1 8 own ability1 :i*1 )   8     
devot$ness1 d exce$ praise7 h[ he       
acquitt$ bo? me &   o!rs ( mu* tr\ble & 
imm95t dang] by 8 =tunate despat*   ) t 
close prison]4 ,i _h det]m9$ to place   
him ) "s (   my acqua9tance1 le/ p]haps 
he %\ld return1 n )\t "s   dang] ( 8    
s\l1 to 8 own fri5ds2 b :5 he und]/ood  
my   resolution1 he cri$ out ) l words  
to ^? ( ,/4 ,lawr5ce1   ',:i!r goe? my  
ma/] )\t 8 s]vant8 ,:i!r goe? my   fa!r 
)\t 8 son8' & ) te>s di/ill+ f 8 eyes1  
he   humbly entreat$ he might g toge!r )
 me1 say+1 z x 7   ) ,/4 ,pet]1 ',ma/]1 
,i am #faa ready to g ) y to prison1    

yea to dea?2' b1 =eca/+ 8 future        
ability1 z also to try   8 _s a little  
fur!r1 ,i made him answ] x 0 impossible2
 to   :i* our ,edmund repli$1 ',alas6 & 
is x impossible8 ,%all my   native soil 
re/ra9 free w8 or home-made laws alt]   
dev\t   resolutions8 ,am ,i n "y8 ,c ,i 
n /udy8 ,may ,i n 9 "t get   :at y n[ h 
got--le>n+ = a s*ol>8 yea1 virtue = a   
prie/1 p]haps2 & s at l5g? obta9 t = :i*
 y n[ are   ready8 ,direct me ! way1 ,i 
besee* y2 & let me1 if y please1   be   
y\r precursor4 ,tell me :at ,i %all d1  
or :i!r ,i mu/ g2   & = ! re/1 ,god1 :o 
kn[s my desire1 w provide & supply   !  
want4 ,c x be possible t he :o clo!s !  
lilies ( !   field1 & fe$s ! f[ls ( !   
air1 w =sake him :o =sakes   all to     
fulfil 8 div9e precept1 ,seek fir/ !    
k+dom ( ,god &   8 ju/ice1 & all o!r ?+s
 %all be giv5 to y8' ,f9ally1   he end$1
 to my no small admiration1 by recit+ ! 
words ( our   ,savi\r1 ',:osoev] %all   
=sake home1 or bre?r51 or si/]s1 or     
fa!r1 or "m1 = my sake & ! gospel's1    

%all receive a   hundr$fold & possess   
life ev]la/+4'    ,by ^! impulses1 (t5  
repeat$ ) great f]vor ( _s1 ,i   p]ceiv$
 ,god ,almighty's call+ 9 him1 & !re=e  
at la/   condesc5d$ to let him take 8   
adv5tures1 procur+ him   comm5dations to
 su* fri5ds beyond seas z %\ld assi/ him
 9   8 purpose1 & furni%+ him ) money   
suffici5t = su* a   j\rney2 n judg+ x to
 be prud5t to keep him ) me1 :o h   n   
ability to w>rant m9e own passage2 & s  
not$ a recusant1   t ,i run a great]    
risk to be arre/$ 9 any port :]e ,i     
emb>k4   ,& s1 9 all love & affection1  
we did "p2 & ,i h s9ce _h   intellig5ce1
 = ! :i* ,i d return mo/ humble & he>ty 
?anks to ,god1 t he ha? safely cross$ ! 
seas1 & has n[   rea*$ a sure h>bor1 :]e
 8 religi\s desires may take effect4    
,& n[1 daught] ,con/ance1 m9e own good  
*ild1 f>e !e well6   ,pray = ?y poor    
fa!r1 :o w\ld fa9 give !e ! bless+ (   !
 eld] z ( ! y\ng] son--,jacob's portion 
& ,esau's also4   ,b me?9ks ! bless+s ( 
?is _w be n at ! pres5t "t   = !        

,ca?olics ( ?is l&2 & s we mu/ ne$s be  
cont5t1 =   our *ildr5 z = ourselves 7& 
a covet\s man he is :i* %\ld   n !re) be
 satisfi$71 ) ! bless+s our ,"l did utt]
   on ! m\nta91 & mo/ly ) t 9 :i* he do?
 say1 ',bless$   are ye :5 m5 %all      
p]secute y1 & revile y1 & say all       
mann] ( evil aga9/ y falsely1 = my "n's 
sake2 = great is   y\r rew>d 9 heav54'  
,y\r lov+ fa!r 9 natural affection & t5 
?\s& times m   9 ! love ( ,*ri/1   ,h4  
,s4  ,oh1 :at a gulf ( t5fold sep>ation 
did ^? words beyond seas sugge/ betwixt 
t sole p>5t & 8 poor *ild6 ,?\ghts      
travel n ) ease beyond ! limits :i*     
nature ha? set to ?is isle2 & :at lies  
beyond ! wat]y wa/e :]e) ,provid5ce ha? 
engirdl$ our %ores (f]s no apt images to
 ! m9d pictur+ ! invisible f ! visible1 
z x is wont to d ) home-sc5es1 :]e "o   
city or "o l&scape be>e? a close        
resemblance to ano!r4 ,& if1 9 ! =sak+ (
 ?is realm1 s mu* dang] did lie1 yea1 9 
! v ports :5ce he might sail1 s t ,i1 :o
 %\ld o!rwise h pray$ t ! w9ds might    

deta9 him1 & ! waves =ce him back on 8  
native soil1 0 con/ra9$ to supplicate t 
!y %\ld assi/ him to ab&on x1--h[ mu*   
great]1 me?\ght1 %\ld be ! p]ils ( 8    
return1 :51 z he inde$ hop$1 a m>k %\ld 
be set on him :i* 9 our c\ntry dooms m5 
to a cruel dea?6 ,_m natural te>s ,i %$ 
at ?is p>t+1 :i* until !n _h n seem$ s  
desp]ate & f9al2 #fab & = a :ile w\ld n 
li/5 to ! consolations :i* 7 (f]$ by !  
good fri5ds :o 7 s t5d] to me1 b cont9u$
 to w&] ab\t 9 a disconsolate mann] 9 ! 
g>d51 or passionately to weep 9 my own  
*amb]1 until ,muriel1 ! sov]eign mi/ress
 ( com=t to o!rs1 albeit ev] ail+ 9 h]  
body1 & contemn$ by su* z div$ n ?r\gh  
ext]ior de=mity into ! int]ior          
excell5ces ( h] s\l1 ) sweet compulsion 
& au?oritative argum5ts drawn f h]      
admirable fai? & simple devotion1       
rek9dl$ 9 m9e ! m noble s5tim5ts sorr[  
_h obscur$1 n s mu* ?r\gh div]t+1 z by  
elevat+ & sweet5+1 my ?\ghts to a great]
 s5se ( ! goodness ( ,god 9 call+ my    
fa!r1 & p]adv5ture ,edmund also1 to s   

great an honor z ! prie/hood1 & nev] m  
honorable ?an 9 ^! days1 :]e9 x (t5times
 do? prove ! road to m>tyrdom4  ,9      
,decemb] ( t ye> my ,"l & my ,lady      
,surrey1 by ! ,duke ( ,norfolk's desire1
 remov$ = "s weeks to ,k5n+hall = *ange 
( air1 & also ,lady ,lumley1 8 grace    
judg+ !m to be z yet too "y to keep h\se
 alone4 ,my "l's bro!rs & ,mi/ress      
,bess1 ) h] gov]ness1 7 likewise c>ri$  
!re4 ,lady ,surrey wrote f t seat1 t1 7 
x n = ! duke's imprisonm5t & con/ant    
fe>s t\*+ 8 life1 %e %\ld h _h great    
cont5tm5t 9 t retirem5t1 & be5 mo/ glad 
to h t>ri$ !re1 if x _h pleas$ ,god1 s  
long z %e liv$1 my "l tak+ s mu*        
pleasure 9 field-sports1 & o!rwise s    
companionable1 t he (t5 (f]$ to ride )  
h]2 & 9 ! ev5+s !y did ent]ta9 !mselves 
) books1 *iefly poetry1 & sometimes     
play$ at c>ds4 ,!y _h b few visitors1 by
 reason ( ! disgrace & tr\ble 8 grace 0 
9 at t "t2 only su* ( _! neighbors z did
 hunt & %oot ) ! e>l h] husb&2 mo/ly    
,sir ,h5ry ,/af=d & ,mr4 ,rookwood's two

 sons1 :om %e comm5d$2 ! "o = 8 good    
qualities & hone/ c>riage1 & ! o!r = wit
 & le>n+2 z also ,sir ,hammond          
l',e/range1 a g5tleman :o /ay$ no long] 
away f ,k5n+hall1 %e obs]v$1 ?an !reunto
 compell$ by lack ( an excuse = t>ry+ if
 pres5t1 or return+ :5 abs5t4 ,he (t5   
procur$ to be invit$ by my "l1 :o us$ to
 meet him out ( doors1 & frequ5tly c>ri$
 him back ) him to d9e or to sup1 & (t5 
bo?4  ,& albeit 7s my lady wrote7 ,i    
d\bt n b he do? set a reasonable value  
on my "l's society1--:o1 al?\gh "y en\gh
 to be 8 son1 is exce$+ly conv]sable &  
pleasant1 z e "o :o kn[s him do?        
te/ify1--& mislikes n1 ,i we51 ! good   
*e]1 or ! w9e f 8 grace's cell>2 yet ,i 
w>rant !e1 good ,con/ance1 'tis n = !   
sake only ( our poor company or         
hospitable table t ?is good knight do?  
haunt u1 b r f ! passion ,i pla9ly see  
he ha? conceiv$ = our ,milic5t s9ce a   
day :5 he hurt 8 arm by a fall n f> f   
h5ce1 & ,i procur$ %e %\ld dress x ) t  
r>e o9tm5t ( ?9e1 :i* v]ily do? prove ( 

great efficacy 9 cases :]e ! sk9 is     
rubb$ (f4 ,me?9ks ! w\nd 9 8 arm 0 !n   
transplant$ into 8 he>t1 & ! good man s 
bewit*$ ) ! blue eyes & dove-l c\nt5ance
 ( 8 *irurgeon1 t he has fall5          
head-ov]-e>s 9 love1 & is1 z ,i hope1   
m9d$ to address h] 9 a lawful mann]4 ,8 
w\nd did take an exce$+ long "t 9 heal+1
 to ! no small discr$it ( ?y o9tm5t2 =  
he came sev]al days to h x dress$1 & ,i 
c\ld n *oose b smile :5 at la/ our sweet
 practition] did ask him1 9 an innoc5t  
mann]1 if ! w\nd did yet sm>t1 = inde$  
%e c\ld see no appe>ance 9 x b :at      
betok5$ x to be heal$4 ,he answ]$1 ',!re
 be w\nds1 ,mi/ress ,milic5t1 :i* sm>t1 
albeit no outw>d m>ks ( su* suff]+ d %[ 
!mselves4' #fac ',ay1' quo? ,milic5t1 'b
 = su* ,i be ( op9ion fur!r dress+ is   
ne$less2 & ) my lady's lic5ce1 ,i w     
furni% y1 sir1 ) a liquid :i* %all      
/r5g!n ! sk91 & s relieve ! a*+1 if s y 
be c>eful to apply x night & morn+ to ! 
injur$ "p1 & to cork ! bottle aft] us+  
x4' ',my memory is s bad1 fair          

physician1' quo? ! knight1 't ,i am l to
 =get ! prescription4' ,%e answ]$1 he   
%\ld /& ! bottle s z x %\ld meet 8 eyes 
:5 he rose1 & !n he mu/ ne$s rememb] x4 
,& s broke (f ! disc\rse4 ,b :5 he is "h
 ,i notice h[ 8 eyes d foll[ h] :5 %e   
sets ! table = prim]o1 or works at !    
tamb\r-frame1 or plays ) ,bess1 to :om  
he (t5 talks z %e sits on h] knees1 :o1 
if ,i mi/ake n1 %all be1 "o ( ^! days1  
,lady l',e/range1 & is z wor?y to be s  
well m>ri$ z any girl 9 ! k+dom1 bo? z  
t\*+ h] bir? & h] exce$+ great virtue & 
good disposition4 ,he is an extreme     
,prote/ant1 & v bitt] aga9/ ,ca?olics2 b
 z %e1 albeit mild 9 temp]1 is z firmly 
settl$ 9 ! new religion z he is1 no     
diff]5ce w exi/ betwe5 !m on a po9t 9   
:i* 'tis mo/ ( all to be desir$ husb&s &
 wives %\ld be agre$4 ,?\ may/ ?9k t ,i 
h be5 ov] apt to note ! signs ( ?is good
 knight's passion1 & to draw d$uctions f
 su* tok5s z h appe>$ ( x1 visible maybe
 to no o!r eyes ?an m9e2 b1 tru/ me1    
,con/ance1 ^? :o d !mselves "k :at 'tis 

to love ) an engross+ affection are     
quick to m>k ! same effects 9 o!rs4 ,:5 
,phil is 9 ! room1 ,i f9d x a h>d matt] 
at times to re/ra9 m9e eyes f gaz+ on t 
de> husb&1 :om ,i d s entirely love t ,i
 h no o!r pleasure 9 life b 9 8 company4
 ,& n to seem to him or to o!rs too     
fond1 :i* is n a beseem+ ?+ ev5 9 a     
wife1 ,i /udy to conceal my con/ant ?9k+
 on him by su* devices z cunn+ly to     
provoke o!rs to speak ( my "l1 & s appe>
 only to foll[ :]eunto my own desire do?
 po9t1 or to propose que/ions1--a pa/ime
 :]e9 he do? excel1--& s m9i/] to m9e   
own pride 9 him )\t direct flatt]y1 or 9
 an unbecom+ mann] sett+ =? 8 praise4 ,&
 ?us ,i d gr[ le>n$ 9 ! tricks ( true   
affection1 & to p]ceive 9 su* z are 9   
love :at m9e own he>t do? tea* me to be 
! signals ( t passion4  ,s f> my lady2 &
 n long aft]1 on ! fir/ day ( ,febru>y1 
,i _h a note f h]1 writt5 9 great       
di/raction ( m9d at ! ,*>t] ,h\se1 :]e  
%e & all 8 grace's *ildr5 _h return$ 9 a
 sudd5 mann] on ! he>+ t ! que5 _h issu$

 a w>rant = ! duke's execution on ! next
 ,monday4 ,prep>ations 7 made ) !       
expectation ( all ,london1 & a conc\rse 
( _m ?\s&s to witness x1 ! tread ( ^:   
feet 0 he>d at night1 l to ! roll (     
muffl$ drums1 along ! /reets2 b on !    
,sunday1 late 9 ! night1 ! que5's maje/y
 ent]$ into a great mislik+ t ! duke    
%\ld die ! next day1 & s5t an ord] to ! 
%]iffs to =be> until !y %\ld he> fur!r4 
,8 grace's "m1 ! d[ag] c\ntess1 & my    
,lady ,b]keley 8 si/] 7n[ inde$ l[]+ h] 
pride to mo/ humble supplication71 & my 
,"l ,arundel f 8 sick-b$1 & ! ,fr5*     
ambassador1 toge!r ) _m o!rs1 su$ )     
s+ul> e>ne/ness to h] maje/y = 8 life1  
:o1 albeit %e _h /ay$ ! execution ( 8   
s5t5ce1 w\ld by no means recall x4 ,i   
ha/$ to ! ,*>t] ,h\se1 ,mi/ress ,w>d go+
 ) me1 & bo? 7 admitt$ into h] lady%ip's
 *amb]1 ) :om did sit t day ! faire/    
picture ( grief ,i ev] beheld--! ,lady  
,m>g>et ,h[>d1 :o = "s mon?s _h resid$ )
 ! ,c\ntess ( ,sussex1 :o 0 a v good    
lady to h] & all ^! afflict$ *ildr54    

,albeit ,lady ,surrey _h (t5 greatly    
comm5d$ ?is "y lady1 & /yl$ h] s r>e a  
piece ( p]fection t no "o #fad c\ld "k &
 n admire h]1 ! lovel9ess ( h] face1    
nobility ( h] figure1 & attractiv5ess ( 
h] mann]s exce$$ my expectations4 ,!    
sight ( ^! si/]s m9d$ me !n ( :at ,lady 
,surrey _h writt5 :5 !y 7 yet *ildr51   
t\*+ my ,"l ,surrey1 /yl+ !m two tw9    
*]ries on "o /alk2 & me?\ght1 n[ t !    
lovely pair _h rip5$ into e>ly maturity1
 _! lik5ess 9 beauty 7?\gh diff]+ 9     
complexion7 ju/ifi$ ! say+4 ,lady       
,m>g>et greet$ u z ?\gh we _h n be5     
/rang]s1 & 9 ! mid/ ( h] great & natural
 sorr[ %[$ a grateful s5se ( ! %>e we   
did take 9 a grief :i* me?9ks 0 deep] 9 
h] ?an 9 any o!r ( ^! m\rn]s4  ,oh1 :at 
a p]iod ( anxi\s susp5se did foll[ t    
fir/ reprieve6 :at alt]nations ( hope & 
fe>6 :at affectionate lett]s 7 ex*ang$  
betwe5 t lov+ fa!r & good ma/] & 8      
sorr[ful *ildr5 & s]vants2 n[ writ+ to  
,mr4 ,dyx1 8 fai?ful /ew>d3    ,f>ewell1
 good ,dyx6 y\r s]vice ha? be5 s fai?ful

 unto me1 z   ,i am sorry t ,i _c make  
pro( ( my good-w to recomp5se   x4 ,i   
tru/ my dea? %all make no *ange 9 y t[>d
 m9e1 b   t y w fai?fully p]=m ! tru/ t 
,i h repos$ 9   y4 ,=get me1 & rememb]  
me 9 m9e4 ,=get n to c\nsel &   advise  
,philip & ,nan's unexp]i5c$ ye>s2 ! re/ 
( _!   bro!rs' & si/]s' well-do+ re/e?  
mu* ^u _! virtu\s   & consid]ate deal+s4
 ,god grant !m 8 grace1 :i* is able to  
"w bett] 9 !m ?an my natural well-mean+ 
he>t c wi% unto   !m4 ,am54 ,& s1 hop+ (
 y\r hone/y & fai?fulness :5 ,i   am    
dead1 ,i bid y ?is my la/ f>ewell4 ,t4  
,h4  ,n[ to ano!r tru/y fri5d & hone/   
dep5d5t3    ,good fri5d ,george1        
f>ewell4 ,i h no o!r tok5s to s5d my    
fri5ds b my books2 & ,i "k h[ sorr[ful y
 are1 among/ !   re/1 = my h>d hap1 :]e(
 ,i ?ank ,god2 because ,i hope 8        
m]ciful *a/isem5t w prep>e me = a bett] 
_w4 ,look well   ?r\gh\t ?is book1 & y  
%all f9d ! "n ( duke v   unhappy4 ,i    
pray ,god x may end ) me1 & t o!rs may  
spe$   bett] h]eaft]4 ,b if ,i might h  

my wi%1 & 7 9 z good a   /ate z ev] y   
knew me1 yet ,i w\ld wi% = a l[] degree4
 ,be a   fri5d1 ,i pray y1 to m9e2 & d  
my he>ty comm5dations to y\r   good wife
 & to g5tle ,mr4 ,d5nye4 ,i die 9 ! fai?
 t y h   ev] kn[n me to be (4 ,f>ewell1 
good fri5d4    ,y\rs dy+1 z he 0 liv+1  
,,norfolk4  ,^! lett]s & "s o!rs did    
pass f h& to h& 9 t afflict$ h\se2 &    
sometimes hope & sometimes despair      
prevail$ 9 ! he>ts ( ! great /ore (     
relatives & fri5ds :i* (t5 assembl$ !re 
to conf] on ! means ( s(t5+ ! que5's    
ang] & mov+ h] to m]cy2 "o "t ?r\gh     
lett]s f ! k+ ( ,france & o!r pr9ces1   
:i* 0 an ill %ot1 = to be s entreat$ by 
=eign pot5tates did b inflame h]        
maje/y's ang] aga9/ ! duke2 at o!rs1 by 
my ,"l ,sussex & my ,"l ,arundel1 or su*
 p]sons 9 h] c\rt z ne>ly approa*$ h]   
highness & c\ld deal ) h] :5 %e 0 m]ry &
 *ose to condesc5d to _! disc\rse4 ,b ! 
w9d %ifts n (t5] ?an did ! que5's m9d at
 t "t1 s div]se 7 h] dispositions t[>d  
?is nobleman1 & always oppos$ to su* z  

appe>$ 9 ^? :o spoke on ?is topic1 :e!r 
z press+ = 8 execution1 or su+ = m]cy to
 be ext5d$ to him4 ,i he>d mu* talk at t
 "t t\*+ 8 grace's good qualities3 h[   
noble _h be5 8 _s2 h[ mod]ate 8         
disposition2 h[ pla9 8 attire2 h[       
b\ntiful 8 alms4  #fae  ,z ! fates ( _m 
d 9 ^! days hang on ! doom ( "o1 mu*    
eag]ness 0 %[n among/ ^? :o haunt$ my   
uncle's h\se to le>n ! news afloat      
conc]n+ ! issue ( ! duke's affair4 ,"s  
,ca?olics ( note 7 ly+ 9 prison at t "t 
9 ,norwi*1 mo/ ( !m fri5ds ( ^! g5tlem52
 ( :i* f\r 7 condemn$ to dea? at t "t1 &
 "o to p]petual imprisonm5t & loss ( all
 8 prop]ty = reconcilem5t2 b :il/ !     
,duke ( ,norfolk 0 yet alive1 !y held ! 
hope he %\ld1 if once out ( prison1     
recov] ! que5's favor & drive f _! seats
 8 & _! mortal enemies1 my ,lords       
,burleigh & ,leice/]4 ,& v]ily ! axe 0  
held susp5d$ on ! head ( t duke = f\r   
mon?s & m1 to ! unspeakable angui% ( _m2
 &1 among/ o!rs1 8 ag$ & afflict$ "m1 ! 
,d[ag] ,c\ntess ( ,surrey1 :o came to   

,london f ! c\ntry to be ne> h] son 9   
?is extremity4 ,?ree times did ! que5   
issue a w>rant = 8 dea? & !n recall$ x2 
s t ^? trembl+ relatives & well-wi%]s 9 
& out ( 8 h\se did look ea* day to he> !
 fatal issue _h be5 compass$1 ,9 ! mon? 
( ,m>*1 :5 h] maje/y 0 sick ) a sev]e   
inflammation & agoniz+ pa91 occasion$1  
"s said1 by poison adm9i/]$ by papi/s1 b
 by h] own physicians decl>$ to arise f 
h] contempt ( _! prescriptions1 !re 0 a 
/range turmoil1 ,i we51 9 "s m5's       
brea/s1 albeit sil5t z a /orm brew+ on a
 sultry day4 ,"u _! brea?1 & ) faces    
%ap$ to conceal ! wi% :i* br$ ! inquiry1
 !y ask$ ( ! que5's heal?2 :il/ o!rs    
tore _! hair & beat _! brea/s ) no      
affect$ grief1 & ! mo/ "p ( ! p lam5t$  
h] dang]4 ,oh1 :at five days 7 ^? :5 !  
%ad[ ( dea? did hov] ov] t royal c\*1 & 
m5's he>ts fail$ !m = fe>1 or else      
wildly :isp]$ hopes su* z !y dur/ n utt]
 al\d1--n s mu* z to a close fri5d1--le/
 ! walls %\ld h e>s1 or ! pavem5t op5 "u
 _! feet6 ,my ,god1 9 ?y h&s lie !      

issues ( life & dea?4 ,?\ do/ assign to 
ea* "o 8 space ( exi/5ce1 8 l5g? ( days4
 ,?y ways are n z our ways1 nor ?y      
?\ghts z our ?\ghts4 ,%e liv$ :o 0 yet  
to doom s _m pr9cely heads to ! block1 s
 _m sa9tly =ms to ! dungeon & ! rack4   
,%e liv$ ^: fir/ act 0 to /ret* =? a h& 
yet weak5$ by sickness to sign1 a f\r?  
"t1 a w>rant = a k9sman's dea?1 & once  
aga9 recall$ x4 ,ea* day "s "o %\ld come
 9 ) v>i\s reports t\*+ ! que5's        
dispositions4 ,sometimes %e _h be5 he>d 
to op9e t h] dang]s f h] enemies 7 s    
great t ju/ice mu/ be done4 ,at o!rs %e 
vehem5tly spoke ( ! ne>ness ( blood to  
h]self1 ( ! sup]iority 9 honor ( ?is    
duke2 & once %e wrote to ,"l ,burleigh  
7a copy ( ?is lett] ,"l ,surrey saw 9   
,"l ,ox=d's h&s71 t %e 0 m behold5 to ! 
h9d] "p ( h] head ?an %e d>$ tru/ ! =w>d
 "p ( ! same2 & express$ great fe> le/  
an irrevocable de$ %\ld be committ$4 ,b 
%e w\ld n see ,"l ,surrey1 or suff] him 
to plead 9 p]son = 8 fa!r's life4 ,yet  
!re 7 good hopes among/ 8 fri5ds he %\ld

 yet be releas$1 till "o day--,i m9d x  
well1 = ,i 0 sitt+ ) ,lady ,surrey1     
read+ out l\d to h]1 z ,i 0 (t5 us$ to  
d--my ,"l ,b]keley bur/ into ! *amb]1 & 
cri$1 ?r[+ 8 gloves on ! table & swe>+ a
 t]rible oa?3  ,t woman has undone u6   
,:at1 ! que58 said my lady1 :ite z a    
smock4  ,v]ily a que51 he answ]$        
gloomily4 ,i w>rant y ! ,que5 ( ,scots  
ha? end$ z %e did beg91 & dragg$ 8 grace
 into a pit f :5ce ,i promise y he w    
nev] n[ rise4 ,a lett] writ 9 h] ciph]  
to ! ,duke ( ,alva ha? be5 int]cept$1 9 
:i* t luckless royal #faf wight1 ev]    
fatal to h] fri5ds z to h]self1 do? say1
 't %e ha? a /rong p>ty 9 ,engl&1 &     
lords :o favor h] cause2 "s ( :om1      
albeit prison]s1 s p[]ful1 t ! ,que5 (  
,engl& %\ld n d>e to t\* _! lives4'     
,alack6 ^? words1 '%\ld n d>e1' %all    
prove ! dea?-w>rant ( my noble bro!r4   
,curs$ be ! day :5 he did get entangl$ 9
 t popi% sir5's plots6  ,speak n h>%ly (
 h]1 good my "l1 quo? ,lady ,surrey1 9  
h] g5tle voice4 ,h] sorr[s d be> too    

great a semblance to our own n to       
bespeak f u pati5ce 9 ?is mi%ap4  ,nan1 
said ,"l ,b]keley1 ?\ art ( too mild a  
disposition4 ',tis ! only fault ,i d f9d
 ) !e4 ,be%rew me1 if my wife & !e c\ld 
n make ex*ange ( "s portion ( h] _s & ?y
 meekness to ! advantage ( bo?4 ,i      
w>rant !e ,phil's wife %\ld hold a tight
 h& ov] him4  ,i read n t precept 9 !   
,bible1 my "l1 quo? %e1 smil+4 ,x       
speake? r\ndly ( ! duty ( wives to obey1
 b n s mu* z "o ^w ( _! rul+4  ,?\ had/ 
be/ prea* ?y !ology to my ,lady         
,b]keley1 he answ]$2 & !n %e--  ,b ,i   
pray y1 my "l1 is x inde$ y\r op9ion t !
 que5 w h 8 grace's life8  ,i %\ld n    
give s mu* z a brass p91 ,nan1 = 8      
pres5t *ance ( m]cy at h] h&s1 he repli$
 sadly4 ,& 8 words 7 ju/ifi$ 9 ! ev5t4  
,^? rel5tless enemies ( ! duke1 my      
,lords ,burleigh & ,leice/]1 --:o1 at ! 
"t ( ! que5's illness1 _h /ood ?ree days
 & ?ree nights )\t /irr+ f h] b$side 9 s
 great t]ror le/ %e %\ld die & he %\ld  
compass ! ?rone ?r\gh a m>riage ) !     

,que5 ( ,scots1 t !y v[$ to h 8 blood at
 any co/ if h] maje/y did recov]1--s    
dealt ) p>liam5t z to move x to s5d a   
petition pray+ t1 = ! safety ( h]       
highness & ! quiet+ ( h] realm1 he %\ld 
be =?) execut$4 ,& f t day to ! m\rnful 
"o ( 8 dea?1 albeit f ! great reluctance
 h] maje/y _h ev9c$ to h him despat*$1 8
 fri5ds1 yea unto ! la/ mom5t1 liv$ 9   
expectancy ( a reprieve2 he himself made
 up 8 m9d to die ) extraord9>y =titude1 
n *oos+ to ent]ta9 s mu* z ! lea/ hope (
 life4  ,"o day at t "t ,i saw my ,lady 
,m>g>et m5d+ "s hose1 & at ea* /it* %e  
made ) h] ne$le te>s fell f h] eyes4 ,i 
(f]$ to assi/ h] lady%ip2 b %e said1    
press+ ! hose to h] he>t1 ,i ?ank !e1   
good ,con/ance2 b no o!r h&s ?an m9e    
%all put a /it* 9 ^! hose1 = !y be my   
fa!r's1 :o ha? worn !m ) ^! holes = _m  
mon?s1 till poor ,ma/] ,dyx be?\ght     
himself to br+ !m "h to be pat*$ & m5d$1
 :i* task ,i w\ld h none p]=m b myself4 
,my fa!r w\ld n suff] him to procure a  
new pair1 le/ x %\ld be miscon/ru$ z a  

sign ( 8 hope or desire ( a long] life1 
& ) ! same int5t he refuse? to eat fle% 
z (t5 z ! physicians d ord]2 '=1' quo?  
he1 ':y %\ld ,i c>e to n\ri% a body     
doom$ to su* ne> decay8' ,!n1 aft] a    
pause1 %e said1 ,he w n we> clo!s :i* h 
any velvet on !m1 be+1 he sai?1 a       
condemn$ p]son4  ,lady ,surrey took "o (
 ! hose 9 h] h&1 b ,lady ,m>g]et1 ) a   
filial jeal\sy1 sadly smil+1 %ook h]    
head3 ,nay1 ,nan1 quo? %e1 n ev5 to !e1 
sweet "o1 w ,i yield "o jot or tittle ( 
?is mean1 b1 9 relation to him :o do?   
own ^! poor hose1 exalt$ labor4 ,!n %e  
ask$ h] si/] if %e _h he>d ( ! duke's   
reque/ t ,mr4 ,fox1 8 old s*oolma/]1    
%\ld att5d on him 9 ! ,t[]1 to :om he   
desir$ to pr(ess t fai? he did fir/     
gr\nd him 94  ,& my ,lady ,surrey answ]$
 yea1 t my "l _h in=m$ h] ( #fag x1 & _m
 o!r pro(s beside t 8 grace s\ght to    
prep>e = dea? 9 ! be/ mann] he c\ld ?9k 
(4  ,"s ill-dispos$ p]sons h said1 quo? 
,lady ,m>g>et1 t x is ) ! int5t to      
propitiate ! que5 t my fa!r do? %[      

himself to be s settl$ 9 8 religion1 & t
 he is n :at he seems2 b tis a sl&] on 8
 grace1 :o ha? be5 ( ?is way ( ?9k+ s9ce
 he atta9$ to ! age ( reason1 & 0 nev]  
at any "t reconcil$1 z "s h put =?4     
,?is 0 ! la/ "t ,i did see ^! afflict$  
daught]s until long aft] _! fa!r's dea?1
 :o 0 behead$ 9 ! *apel ( ! ,t[] %ortly 
aft]w>d4 ,:5 ! bl[ fell :i*1 /rik+ at   
him1 /ruck a no less fatal bl[ to !     
peace & well-do+ ( 8 *ildr51 !y all left
 ! ,*>t] ,h\se1 & remov$ = a "t into !  
c\ntry1 to ! h\ses ( div]s relatives1 9 
su* wise z be=e 8 dea? ! duke _h desir$4
 ,a lett] :i* ,i receiv$ f ,lady ,surrey
 a few weeks aft] %e left ,london do?   
be/ s]ve to %[ ! mann] ( ?is disposal1 &
 ! temp] ( ! writ]'s m9d at t melan*oly 
"t4     ,my ,,own ,,de> ,,con/ance1--,x 
may l y to he> t y\r afflict$   fri5d is
 improv$ 9 bodily heal?1 & some:at      
recov]$ f !   great suff]+ ( m9d :i* !  
duke1 _! good fa!r's dea?1   has caus$  
to all 8 poor *ildr5--mo/ly to ,megg &  
,phil & me2   = _! bro!rs & my si/] are 

too "y greatly to grieve4 ,my   ,"l     
,arundel is sorely afflict$1 ,i he>1 &  
ha? writ a v   lam5table lett] to our   
good ,lady ,sussex conc]n+ ?is sad      
mi%ap4 ,my ,lady ,b]keley & my ,lady    
,we/morel& are almo/   di/ract$ ) grief 
= ! dea? ( a bro!r !y did s+ul>ly       
love4 ,t poor lady 7( ,we/morel&7 is mu*
 to be piti$1 =   t %e is p>t$ f h]     
husb&1 maybe = ev]1 & has lo/   two fair
 daught]s 9 "o ye>4    ,my "l ha? %[n   
mu* affection = 8 fa!r1 & natural       
sorr[ 9 ?is sad loss2 & :5 8 la/ lett]s 
writt5 a %ort   "t be=e he suff]$1 &    
address$ ,to my lov+ *ildr51   specially
 ! "o to ,philip & ,nan1 rea*$ 8 h&s1 he
 wept s   long & bitt]ly t x seem$ z if 
8 te>s %\ld nev] cease4   ,my "l is =?) 
to make 8 *ief abode at ,cambridge = a  
ye>   or two2 & ,meg & ,i1 ) ,lady      
,sussex1 & ,i d hope ,bess              
also--albeit 8 grace do? appe> 9 8 lett]
 to be o!rwise   m9d$4 ,b me?9ks he     
appreh5d$ to lay too heavy a *>ge on    
h]1 :o is inde$ a good lady to u all 9  

?is our unhappy   condition1 & 0 lo?    
,megg %\ld be out ( my company4    ,!   
p>t+ ) my "l is a sore trial1 & :at ,i  
_h n look$   to2 b ,god's w be done2 &  
if x be = ! advantage ( 8   s\l1 z well 
z ! advancem5t ( 8 le>n+1 he %\ld reside
   at ! univ]sity1 x %\ld ill befit me  
to rep9e4 ,& n[   me?9ks ,i w           
transcribe1 if my te>s d n h9d] me1 8   
grace's lett]s1 :i* w in=m !e ( 8 la/   
wi%es bett]   ?an ,i c\ld expla9 !m2 =  
,i w\ld h !e "k h[ t5d] &   =eca/+ 0 8  
love = u1 & ! good c\nsel he ha? left   
unto 8 son1 :o1 ,i pray to ,god1 may    
always foll[ x4 ,& ,i w\ld   h !e       
likewise note "o po9t ( 8 advice1 :i*   
inde$ ,i   %\ld h be5 bett] cont5t$ he  
_h n t\*$ ^u1 =asmu*   z 8 hav+ done s  
mu/ ne$s h9d] t :i* ?y fond love =   my 
poor self1 & resolv$ adh]5ce to :at he  
calls 'bl9d   papi/ry1' do? s greatly   
prompt !e to desire2 = if on 8   bless+ 
he do? *>ge u to bew>e ( x1 & !n ,i %\ld
 move   my "l to s mu* neglect ( 8 la/  
wi%es z at any "t to be   reconcil$1    

be?9k !e ) :at an ill grace ,i %\ld urge
 on   him1 9 o!r respects1 ob$i5ce to 8 
comm&s1 :i* inde$ are   su* z d comm5d  
!mselves to any ,*ri/ian s\l z mo/ wise 
&   pr(itable4 #fah ,& n[1 break+ (f m9e
 own disc\rse to   transcribe 8 words--a
 f> m noble & wor?y employm5t ( my      
p5--& pray+ ,god to bless !e1 ,i rema9  
?y t5d] & lov+   fri5d1   ,,ann         
,,surrey4   ,! ,duke ( ,norfolk's lett]s
 to 8 *ildr53    ,,de> ,,*ildr51--,?is  
is ! la/ lett] t ev] ,i ?9k to write    
to y2 & !re=e1 if y lov$ me1 or t y w   
seem   grateful to me = ! special love t
 ,i h ev] borne unto y1   !n rememb] &  
foll[ ^! my la/ lessons4 ,oh1 ,philip1  
s]ve   & fe> ,god1 above all ?+s4 ,i f9d
 ! fault 9 myself1 t ,i   h 7,god =give 
me67 be5 too neglig5t 9 ?is po9t4 ,love 
&   make mu* ( y\r wife2 = !re91        
consid]+ ! great adv]sity   y are n[ 91 
by reason ( my fall1 is y\r greate/     
pres5t   com=t & relief1 beside y\r     
happ9ess 9 hav+ a wife :i* is   endu$ ) 
s great t[>dness 9 virtue & good        

qualities1 & 9   p]son comp>able ) ! be/
 sort4 ,foll[ ^! two lessons1 &   ,god w
 bless y2 & )\t ^!1 z y may see by div]s
   examples out ( ! ,scripture1 & also  
by ord9>y worldly pro(1   :]e ,god is n 
fe>$1 all goe? to wreck2 & :]e love is n
   betwe5 ! husb& & wife1 !re ,god do? n
 prosp]4 ,my ?ird   lesson is1 t y %[   
y\rself lov+ & natural to y\r   bro!rs &
 si/] & si/]-9-law4 ,?\gh y be v "y 9   
ye>s1 yet y mu/ /rive ) consid]ation to 
become a man2 =   x is y\r own pres5ce &
 good gov]nm5t ( y\rself t mu/   get    
fri5ds2 & if y take t c\rse1 !n h ,i be5
 s   c>eful a fa!r unto y1 z ,i h tak5  
su* ord] z y1 by   ,god's grace1 %all be
 well able1 beside y\r wife's l&s1 to   
ma9ta9 y\rself l a g5tleman4 ,m>ry6 ! _w
 is gre$y &   covet\s2 & if ! %[ ( !    
well gov]nm5t ( y\rself d n   fe> &     
re/ra9 _! gre$y appetite1 x is l t1 by  
undirect means1 !y w ei!r put y f t :i* 
law laye?   ^u y1 or else drive y to mu*
 tr\ble 9 try+ & hold+   y\r "r4 ,:5 my 
gr&fa!r di$1 ,i 0 n mu* above a ye>     

eld] ?an y are n[2 & yet1 ,i ?ank ,god1 
,i took su* ord] )   myself1 z y %all   
reap ! commodity ( my s long pass$      
travel1   if y d n[ imitate ! l4 ,help  
to /r5g!n y\r "y &   raw ye>s ) good    
c\nsel4 ,i s5d y h]e) a brief s*$ule1   
:om ,i wi% y to make acc\nt ( z fri5ds1 
& :om z s]vants2   & ,i *>ge y1 z a fa!r
 may d1 to foll[ my direction   !re92 my
 exp]i5ce c bett] tell :at is fit = y   
?an y\r   "y ye>s c judge (4 ,i w\ld wi%
 y = ! pres5t to make   y\r *ief abode  
at ,cambridge1 :i* is ! place fitte/ = y
 to   promote y\r le>n+ 92 & beside1 x  
is n v f> h5ce1   :]eby y may1 )9 a     
day's w>n+1 be "h to foll[ y\r own      
causes1 z occasion s]ve?4 ,if1 aft] a   
ye> or two1 y sp5d "s   "t 9 a h\se ( ! 
law1 !re is no?+ t w prove m to   y\r   
commodity1 consid]+ h[ = ! "t y %all h  
cont9ual bus9ess ab\t y\r own law       
affairs2 & !reby also1 if   y sp5d y\r  
"t well1 y %all be ev] aft] bett] able  
to   judge 9 y\r own causes4 ,i too late
 rep5t t ,i foll[$ n ?is   c\rse t n[ ,i

 wi% to y2 = if ,i _h1 !n my case       
p]*ance   _h n be5 9 s ill /ate z n[ x  
is4    ,:5 ,god %all s5d y to ^? ye>s z 
t x %all be fit =   y to keep h\se ) y\r
 wife 7:i* ,i _h r 7 soon]1   ?an t y   
%\ld fall into ill company71 !n ,i w\ld 
wi% y   to )draw y\rself into "s private
 dwell+ ( y\r own4 ,& if   y\r hap may  
be s good z y may s live )\t be+ call$  
to   high] degree1 oh1 ,philip1 ,philip1
 !n %all y enjoy t bless$   life :i* y\r
 w(ul fa!r w\ld fa9 h done1 & nev] c\ld 
be s happy4 ,bew>e ( high degree4 ,to a 
va9-glori\s1 pr\d   /oma* x seeme? at ! 
fir/ sweet4 ,look into all #fai         
*ronicles1 & y %all f9d t 9 ! end x br+s
 heaps (   c>es1 toils 9 ! /ate1 & mo/  
commonly 9 ! end utt]   ov]?r[4 ,look   
into ! :ole /ate ( ! nobility 9 times   
pa/1   & into _! /ate n[1 & !n judge    
:e!r my lessons be true   or no4 ,assure
 y\rself1 z y may see by ! book ( my    
acc\nts1   & y %all f9d t my liv+ did   
h>dly ma9ta9 my exp5ses2   = all ! help 
t ,i _h by ,tom's l&s1 & some:at by y\r 

wife's & si/]'s-9-law1 ,i 0 ev] a begg>4
 ,y may1 by !   grace ( ,god1 be a great
 deal ri*] & quiet] 9 y\r l[ degree1    
:]e9 ,i once aga9 wi% y to cont9ue4 ,!y 
may1 t %all wi%   y ! contr>y1 h a good 
mean+2 b believe y\r fa!r1 :o   ( love  
wi%es y be/1 & ) ! m9d t he is at ?is   
pres5t fully arm$ to ,god1 :o sees bo?  
/ates1 bo? high & l[1   z x 7 ev5 be=e 8
 eyes4 ,bew>e ( ! c\rt1 except x be   to
 d y\r pr9ce s]vice1 & t1 z ne> z y c1 9
 !   l[e/ degree1 = t place ha? no      
c]ta9ty2 ei!r a man1 by   foll[+ !re(1  
ha? too mu* ( worldly pomp1 :i*1 9 !    
end1   ?r[s him d[n headlong1 or else he
 live? !re unsatisfi$2   ei!r t he _c   
atta9 = himself t he w\ld1 or else t    
he _c d = 8 fri5ds z 8 he>t desire?4    
,rememb] ^!   notes1 & foll[ !m2 & !n y1
 by ,god's help1 %all reap !   commodity
 ( !m 9 y\r old ye>s4    ,if y\r bro!rs 
may be suff]$ to rema9 9 y\r company1 ,i
 w\ld   be mo/ glad !re(1 because       
cont9u+ toge!r %\ld /ill   increase love
 betwe5 y4 ,b ! _w is s cat*+ (   ev]y?+

 t falls1 t ,tom be+1 z ,i believe1 aft]
 my dea?1   ! que5's maje/y's w>d1 %all 
be begg$ by "o or ano!r4 ,b   yet y are 
sure to h y\r bro!r ,william left /ill )
 y1   because1 poor boy1 he ha? no?+ to 
fe$ cormorants )al2 to   :om y w z well 
be a fa!r z a bro!r2 = ^u my bless+   ,i
 commit him to y\r *>ge to provide =1 if
 t :i* ,i h   assur$ him by law %all n  
be s suffici5t z ,i mean x4 ,if law     
may take place1 y\r si/]-9-law w be     
surely en\gh convey$ to   8 beho(1 & !n 
,i %\ld wi% h] to be br\ght up ) "s     
fri5d ( m9e2 z = ! pres5t ,i all[ be/ ( 
,sir ,*ri/oph]   ,heydon1 if he w s mu* 
befri5d y z to receive h] to soj\rn   ) 
him2 if n !re 9 "s o!r place1 z y\r     
fri5ds %all   be/ all[ (4 ,& t\*+ !     
be/[+ ( y\r wife & ,megg1 :o   ,i w\ld  
be lo? %\ld be out ( y\r wife's company2
 = z %e   %\ld be a good companion =    
,nan1 s ,i commit ,megg ( especial      
tru/ to h]4 ,i ?9k good1 till y keep    
h\se toge!r1 if my ,lady   ( ,sussex    
might be entreat$ to take !m to h] z    

soj\rn]s1   !re 7 no place s fit        
consid]+ h] k9dr$ unto y1 & !   assur$  
fri5d t ,i hope y %all f9d ( h]2 beside 
%e is a   good lady4 ,if x w n be s     
br\ght to pass1 !n1 by ! advice   ( y\r 
fri5ds1 take "s o!r ord]2 b 9 no case ,i
 w\ld wi%   y to keep any h\se except x 
be toge!r ) y\r wife4    ,?us ,i h      
advis$ y z my tr\bl$ memory c at pres5t 
suff]   me4 ,bew>e ( pride1 /ubbornness1
 taunt+1 & sull5ness1 :i*   vices nature
 do? some:at k9dle 9 y2 & !re=e y mu/   
) reason & discretion make a new nature 
9 y\rself4 ,give n   y\r m9d too mu* &  
too gre$ily to gam+2 make a pa/ime ( x1 
& no toil4 ,& la/ly1 delight to sp5d "s 
"t 9 read+ (   ! ,scriptures2 = !re9 is 
! :ole com=t ( man's life2 all   o!r ?+s
 are va9 & transitory2 & if y be dilig5t
 9   read+ ( !m1 !y w rema9 ) y         
cont9ually1 to y\r   pr(it & commodity 9
 ?is _w1 & to y\r com=t &   salvation 9 
! _w to come1 :i!r1 9 grace ( ,god1 ,i  
am n[   ) joy & consolation prep>+      
myself4 ,&1 ^u my bless+1   bew>e ( bl9d

 papi/ry1 :i* br+s no?+ b bondage to    
m5's   consci5ces4 #fbj ,mix y\r pray]s 
) fa/+1 n ?9k+   !reby to m]it2 = !re is
 no?+ t we ourselves c d t   is         
good1--we are b unpr(itable s]vants2 b  
fa/1 ,i say1 !reby   to tame ! wick$    
affection ( ! m9d1 & tru/ only to be    
sav$   by ,*ri/'s preci\s blood2 = )\t a
 p]fect fai? !re91   !re is no          
salvation4 ,let works foll[ y\r fai?2   
!reby to %[   to ! _w t y d n only say y
 h fai?1 b t y   give te/imony !re( to !
 full satisfaction ( ! godly4 ,i   write
 some:at ! m h]e91 because p]*ance y h  
h]et(ore he>d1 or p]*ance may h]eaft]   
he>1 false bruits t   ,i 0 a papi/2     
,footnote #abc b tru/ unto x1 ,i nev]1  
s9ce ,i   knew :at religion meant 7,i   
?ank ,god7 0 ( o!r m9d ?an n[   y %all  
he> t ,i die 92 al?\gh 7,i cry ,god     
m]cy7 ,i h n   giv5 fruits & te/imony ( 
my fai? z ,i ought to h done2 !   :i* is
 ! ?+ t ,i d n[ *ieflie/ rep5t4         
,footnote #abc3 ,!re w\ld seem to be no 
d\bt t ! ,duke (     ,norfolk 0 a s9c]e 

,prote/ant4 ,! /r5u\s advice to 8       
*ildr5 to bew>e ( ,pop]y af=ds evid5ce (
 x4 ,greatly1     h[ev]1 z x w\ld h t5d$
 to _! worldly prosp]ity to     h foll[$
 _! fa!r's la/ injunctions 9 ?is        
respect1 all     b "o ( ^? he ?us       
c\nsell$ 7 subsequ5tly reconcil$     to 
! ,ca?olic ,*ur*4      ,! ,duke's lett]s
 9 ?is *apt] are all au!ntic4 ,see !    
,rev4     ,m4 ,ti]ney's ,hi/ory (       
,arundel1 & ! ,app5dix to ,nott's       
edition ( ,"l ,surrey's poems4    ,:5 ,i
 am gone1 =get my condemn+1 & =give1 ,i 
*>ge y1 my   false accus]s1 z ,i prote/ 
to ,god ,i d2 b h no?+ to d   ) !m if !y
 live4 ,surely1 ,banni/] dealt no way b 
hone/ly   & truly4 ,hick=d did n hurt me
 9 my consci5ce1 will+ly2 nor   did n   
*>ge me ) any great matt] t 0 ( weight  
o!rways   ?an truly4 ,b ! ,bi%op (      
,ross1 & specially ,b>b]1 did   falsely 
accuse me1 & laid _! own treasons ^u my 
back4 ,god   =give !m1 & ,i d1 & once   
aga9 ,i w y to d2 be> no   malice 9 y\r 
m9d4 ,& n[1 de> ,philip1 f>ewell4 ,read 

?is my   lett] sometimes ov]2 x may     
*ance make y rememb] y\rself !   bett]2 
& by ! same1 :5 y\r fa!r is dead &      
rott51 y   may see :at c\nsel ,i w\ld   
give y if ,i 7 alive4 ,if y foll[   ^!  
admonitions1 !re is no d\bt b ,god w    
bless y2 & ,i1   y\r e>?ly fa!r1 d give 
y ,god's bless+ & m9e1 ) my   humble    
pray]s to ,almighty ,god t x w please   
him to bless y   & y\r good ,nan2 t y   
may bo?1 if x be 8 w1 see y\r   *ildr5's
 *ildr51 to ! com=t ( y bo?2 & aft]w>d t
   y may be p>tak]s ( ! heav5ly k+dom4  
,am51 am54 ,writt5 by   ! h& ( y\r lov+ 
fa!r4 ,t4 ,h4  ,& to ,tom 8 grace did   
write3    ,tom1 out ( ?is t ,i h writt5 
to y\r bro!r1 y may le>n   su* lessons z
 are fit = y4 ,t ,i write to "o1 t ,i   
write   to all1 except x be some:at :i* 
p>ticul>ly t\*es any ( y4   ,to fe> &   
s]ve ,god is g5]ally to y all2 &1 on my 
bless+1   take greate/ c>e !re(1 = x is 
! f\ndation ( all   goodness4 ,y h1 ev5 
f y\r infancy1 be5 giv5 to be   /ubborn4
 ,bew>e ( t vice1 ,tom1 & bridle nature 

) wisdom4   ,?\gh y be h] maje/y's w>d1 
yet if y use y\rself well to my   ,"l   
,burleigh1 he w1 ,i hope1 help y to buy 
y\r own w>d%ip4   ,foll[ y\r eld]       
bro!r's advice1 :o1 ,i hope1 w take su* 
a   c\rse z may be to all y\r com=ts4   
,god s5d him grace s to d1   & to y too6
 ,i give y ,god's bless+ & m9e1 & ,i    
hope he   w prosp] y4    ,& to ,w he    
sai? 7:om me?9ks 8 he>t did incl9e to1 z
   ,jacob's did to ,b5jam973    ,w1 ?\gh
 y be n[ "y1 yet ,i hope1 if x %all     
please ,god   to s5d y life1 t y w !n   
consid] ( ! precepts   h]et(ore writt5  
to y\r bre?r54 ,i h committ$ ! *>ge (   
y\r br++-up to y\r eld] bro!r2 & !re=e  
,i *>ge y   to be ob$i5t to him1 z y    
w\ld h be5 to me if ,i _h be5   #fba    
liv+4 ,if y %all h a lik+ to my         
daught]-9-law1 ,bess   ,dacres1 ,i hope 
y %all h x 9 y\r own *oice to m>ry h]4  
,i   w n advise y o!rways ?an y\rself1  
:5 y are ( fit   ye>s1 %all ?9k good2 b 
?is assure y\rself1 x w be a good       
augm5tation to y\r small liv+1 consid]+ 

h[ *>geable !   _w gr[e? to be4 ,z y are
 y\nge/1 s ! m y ought to   be ob$i5t to
 y\r eld]s4 ,god s5d y a good y\ng]     
bro!r's   =tune 9 ?is _w1 & 8 grace1 t y
 may ev] be 81 bo?   9 ?is _w & 9 ! _w  
to come4  ,to me1 8 unwor?y daught]1 7  
^! l9es writt51 :i* ,i be a%am$ to      
transcribe1 b t 8 goodness do? appe> 9 8
 good op9ion ( me r ?an my s poor m]its3
    ,well-belov$ ,nan1 t ha? be5 z de>  
to me z if y _h be5   my own daught]1   
al?\gh1 consid]+ ?is ill hap t has n[   
*anc$1 y might h _h a great] m>riage ?an
 n[ y\r husb&   %all be2 yet ,i hope t y
 w rememb] t1 :5 y 7   m>ri$1 ! case 0  
f> o!rways2 & !re=e ,i hope y\r         
dutiful deal+s %all be s to y\r husb&1 &
 y\r si/]ly love   to y\r bro!rs-9-law &
 si/]-9-law1 z my fri5ds t %all   see x 
may ?9k t my great affection to y 0 well
 be/[$4   ,?anks be to ,god1 y h hi!rto 
tak5 a good c\rse2 :]eby all   t wi% y  
well take great hope r ( y\r go+ =w>d   
!re9 ?an backw>d--:i* ,god =bid6 ,i w   
reque/ no m at   y\r h&s1 n[ t ,i am    

gone1 9 recomp5se ( my =m] love to   y1 
b t y w obs]ve my ?ree lessons3 to fe> &
 s]ve   ,god1 fly+ idl5ess2 to love     
fai?fully y\r husb&2 & to be   k9d to   
y\r bro!rs & si/]s--specially committ+  
to y\r c>e   m9e only daught] ,megg1    
hop+ t y w n be a si/]-9-law   to h]1 b 
r a natural si/]1 yea ev5 a v "m2 &   t 
z ,i took c>e = ! well be/[+ ( y1 s y w 
take   c>e = ! well be/[+ ( h]1 & be a  
cont9ual call] on   y\r husb& = ! same4 
,if ?is mi%ap _h n *anc$1 y &   y\r     
husb& might h be5 a:ile /ill "y1 & ,i   
w\ld1 by   ,god's help1 h suppli$ y\r   
wants4 ,b n[ ! case is *ang$1   & y mu/1
 at y\r ye>s ( fifte51 atta9 to !       
consid]ation   & discretion ( tw5ty2 or 
else1 if ,god s5d y to live 9 y\r   age1
 y %all h cause to rep5t y\r folly 9    
y\?1 beside !   endang]+ ! ca/+ away (  
^? :o d :olly dep5d ^u y\r   two        
well-do+s4 ,i d n mi/ru/ t y w be m9dful
 ( my   la/ reque/s2 & s do+ ,god bless 
y1 & s5d y to be old   p>5ts to virtu\s 
*ildr51 :i* is likelie/ to be if y give 

!m good example4 ,f>ewell6 = ?is is !   
la/ t y %all   ev] receive f y\r lov+   
fa!r4 ,f>ewell1 my de> ,nan6    ,& to 8 
own sweet ,megg he subjo9$ 9 ! same     
lett] ^!   words3    ,megg1 ,i h1 z y   
see1 committ$ y to y\r lov+ si/]4 ,i    
*>ge y !re=e1 ^u my bless+1 t y obey h] 
9 all   ?+s1 z y w\ld d me or y\r own   
"m1 if we 7 liv+2   & !n ,i d\bt n b by 
h] good means y %all be 9 fit "t   be/[$
 to y\r own com=t & cont5tm5t4 ,be good2
 no babbl]1   & ev] be busi$ & do+ (    
some:at2 & give y\r m9d to   read+ 9 !  
,bible & su* o!r good books1 :]eby y may
   le>n to fe> ,god2 & s y %all prove1  
by 8 help1 h]eaft]   ! bett] wife1 & a  
virtu\s woman 9 all o!r respects4 ,if y 
foll[ ^! my lessons1 !n ,god's bless+ & 
m9e ,i give y1   & pray t y may bo? live
 & die 8 s]vant4 ,am54  ,:5 ,i read ^!  
lett]s1 & my ,lady ,surrey's comm5ts ^u 
!m1 :at pangs seiz$ my he>t6 ,h] #fbb   
mess5g] 0 await+ an answ]1 :i* he said  
mu/ be brief1 = he _h to ride to        
,b]mondsey ) a message = my ,"l ,sussex1

 & _h be5 long delay$ 9 ! city4 ,i seiz$
 a p51 & ha/ily wrote3    ,oh1 my de> & 
honor$ lady1 :at grief1 :at pa91 y\r    
lett]   ha? caus$ me6 ,=give me if1 hav+
 b brief "t 9 :i* to   write a few l9es 
by y\r mess5g]1 ,i dwell n on ! sorr[   
:i*   do? oppress y1 nor on ! _m        
excell5ces app>5t 9 ^?   f>ewell lett]s1
 :i* give tok5 ( s great virtue & wisdom
 9   ! writ]1 t "o %\ld be prompt$ to   
exclaim he did lack b   "o ?+ to be     
p]fect1 t be+ a true fai?1--b r   direct
 my answ] to t passage 9 y\rs :i* do? "w
 9 me su*   regret1 yea su* angui% (    
he>t1 z my poor words c ill express4    
,= v]ily !re c be no great] dang] to a  
s\l ?an to be lur$   f ! pr(ession ( a  
true ,ca?olic fai?1 once firmly receiv$ 
& yet inw>dly held1 by deceptive        
argum5ts1 :]eby x do?   conceal its own 
weakness "u ! g>b ( respect = ! dead &  
duty to ! liv+4 ,=1 ,i pray y1 m9e own  
de> lady1 :at   respect & :at duty is   
ow+ to m5 :i* be n r due to him   :o    
reads ! he>t1 & w ask a /rict acc\nt (  

su* z1   hav+ kn[n 8 w1 yet h n done x8 
,believe me1 'tis a   p]il\s ?+ to d    
evil t good may come4 ,is x possible y  
%\ld resolve nev] to pr(ess t religion  
:i*1 9 y\r   consci5ce1 y d believe to  
be true1 nor to move y\r "l   !reunto1 =
 any human respect1 h[ev] de> & sacr$8  
,i hope   o!r feel+s may return1 &      
,god's h& w support1 uphold1 &   nev]   
fail y 9 y\r ne$4 ,i besee* him to gu>d 
& keep y 9   ! "r way4    ,y\r humble   
s]vant & truly lov+ poor fri5d1         
,,con/ance ,,%]wood4   ,,to ,,be        
,,cont9u$4   ------  #fbc  ,f ,!        
,=tnightly ,review4  ,,! ,,he>t ,,& ,,! 
,,bra94  ,,by ,,george ,,h5ry ,,lewes4  
,he>t & bra9 are ! two lords ( life4 ,9 
! metaphors ( ord9>y spee* & 9 ! /rict] 
language ( sci5ce1 we use ^! t]ms to    
indicate two c5tral p[]s1 f :i* all     
motives radiate1 to :i* all influ5ces   
conv]ge4 ,!y rule ! moral & ! physical  
life3 ! moral owes to !m its cont9u\s   
supply ( feel+s & ideas2 ! physical its 
cont9u\s supply ( food & /imulus4 ,all !

 composite mat]ial :i* s]ves to build up
 ! bodily fabric1 & repair its daily    
wa/e1 is only s mu* c>t$ mat]ial await+ 
! ar*itect1 until x has twice pass$     
?r\gh ! he>t--until hav+ be5 s5t by !   
he>t to ! lungs x has !re receiv$ its   
pla/ic virtues1 & returns to ! he>t to  
be !nce di/ribut$ ?r\gh\t ! organism4 ,s
 mu* is famili> to e "o2 b less famili> 
is ! fact t ?is transmission ( ! blood f
 he>t to lungs1 & its di/ribution       
?r\gh\t ! organism1 are r5d]$ possible &
 made effective only "u ! influ5ce ( !  
bra94 ,life is su/a9$ by food & /imulus4
 ,! op]ation ( nutrition itself is      
indissolubly connect$ ) s5sibility4     
,life is a plexus ( nutrition &         
s5sation1 ! ?reads ( :i* may ideally be 
sep>at$1 b :i* 9 reality are s int]wov5 
z to be indissoluble4 ,?is is a p>adox  
:i* ev5 _m physiologi/s w reject2 b x is
 only a p>adox because biological       
que/ions h con/antly be5 reg>d$ f a     
*emical po9t ( view4  ,to r5d] my       
proposition free f ambiguity1 x is      

ne$ful to premise t ! t]m he>t1 by a    
famili> device ( rhetoric1 "h expresses 
! :ole ( t great circulatory app>atus ( 
:i* x is only a "p2 & 9 l mann] ! t]m   
bra9 "h expresses ! :ole ( ! s5sory     
app>atus4 ,! read] kn[s p]fectly well t 
9 /rict anatomical language ! he>t is   
only "o organ hav+ a def9ite function2 &
 t ! bra9--al?\gh ! t]m is us$ )        
consid]able laxity--is only "o portion (
 ! complex n]v\s me*anism1 hav+ also its
 def9ite functions4 ,b ,i am n "h       
address+ anatomi/s1 & = purposes (      
simplification ,i %all g5]ally speak ( !
 he>t z if x 7 ! :ole ( ! vascul> sy/em1
 & ( ! bra9 z if x 7 ! :ole ( ! n]v\s   
sy/em4 ,& !re is a philosophic tru?     
sugge/$ by ?is dep>ture f ! limitations 
( anatomical def9ition1 namely1 t if !  
bra9 z a n]v\s c5tre requires to be     
di/+ui%$ f all o!r n]v\s c5tres1 x also 
requires to be affiliat$ on !m3 x has   
its special functions z an organ1 b x   
has also a community ( prop]ty--i4e41   
s5sibility--) all o!r n]v\s c5tres4  ,9 

! /udy ( animal organisms1 ! sci5tific  
artifice call$ analysis1 :i* sep>ates   
ideally :at nature has indissolubly     
unit$1 isolat+ ea* portion ( a complex  
:ole to /udy x undi/urb$ by ! influ5ces 
( o!r portions1 has e/abli%$ a division 
( life into animal & vegetable4 ,!      
division is z old z ,ari/otle1 b has    
become ! common prop]ty ( sci5ce only   
s9ce ! days ( ,bi*at4 ,x is n exact1 b x
 is conv5i5t4 ,z an artifice x has prov$
 its utility1 b l all su* di/9ctions x  
has a t5d5cy to div]t ! m9d f           
contemplation ( ! real syn!sis ( nature4
 ,ev5 z an artifice ! classification is 
n free f ambiguities2 & p]haps x w\ld be
 less exceptionable if #fbd in/ead (    
vegetal & animal we 7 to sub/itute      
nutritive & s5sitive4 ,all ! ph5om5a (  
gr[?1 developm5t1 & decay--ph5om5a      
common to plants z to animals--may range
 "u ! laws ( nutrition4 ,all ! ph5om5a (
 feel+ & motion :i* specially di/+ui%   
animals1 w range "u ! laws ( s5sibility4
 ,plants1 x is true1 manife/ motion1 "s 

few ( !m ev5 locomotion2 b 9 !m x is    
believ$ t ^! ph5om5a are nev] due to !  
/imulus ( s5sibility4  ,view+ ! animal  
organism z ?us diff]5tiat$1 we see on ! 
"o h& a complex sy/em ( organs--gl&s1   
membranes1 vessels--all h>moni\sly work+
 to "o end1 :i* is to build up ! body1 &
 sil5tly repair its cont9ual wa/e4 ,!y  
evolve ! successive phases ( developm5t4
 ,!y prep>e successive g5]ations4 ,on ! 
o!r h&1 we see a complex sy/em (        
organs--muscles1 t5dons1 bones1 n]ves1 &
 n]ve-c5tres--also h>moni\sly           
co-op]ative4 ,!y /imulate ! organs (    
nutrition4 ,!y "w fir/ = ! pres]vation (
 ! individual 9 ! /ruggle ( exi/5ce2    
next1 = ! p]fection ( ! individual 9 !  
developm5t ( 8 highe/ qualities4  ,b x  
is important to rememb] t ?is division  
is purely ideal--a sci5tific artifice1 n
 a reality4 ,nature kn[s ( none su*4 ,9 
! organism ! two lives are "o4 ,! two   
sy/ems int]lace1 int]p5etrate ea* o!r1 s
 t ! slighte/ modification ( ! "o is    
foll[$ by a correspond+ *ange 9 ! o!r4  

,! bra9 is n\ri%$ by ! he>t1 & 7 x n = !
 blood :i* is mom5tly pump$ into x by ! 
he>t1 its s5sibility w\ld vani%4 ,& !   
he>t 9 turn dep5ds ^u ! bra91 n = food1 
b = /imulus1 = motive p[]1 )\t :i* food 
is in]t4 ,t we may feel1 x is necess>y  
we %\ld fe$2 t we may fe$1 x is necess>y
 we %\ld feel4 ,nutrition _c be         
dissociat$ f s5sation4 ,! blood :i*     
n\ri%es ! bra91 giv+ x impulse & su/a9+ 
p[]1 c\ld nev] h become art]ial blood1  
c\ld nev] h rea*$ ! bra91 _h n ! he>t   
:i* s5t x !re be5 subject$ to influ5ces 
f ! bra94 ,! blood itself has no        
locomotive impulse4 ,! he>t has no      
spontane\s p[]3 x is a muscle1 & l all  
o!r muscles mu/ be /imulat$ into        
activity4 ,unless ! s5sitive me*anism 7 
9 action1 ! lungs c\ld n exp&1 ! blood  
w\ld n become oxyg5at$1 ! he>t w\ld n   
pump4 ,look on ! corpse f :i* ! life has
 j vani%$4 ,:y is x in]t8 ,!re is food  
)9 x4 ,x has blood 9 abundance4 ,!re is 
air 9 ! lungs4 ,! muscles are           
contractile1 & ! t5dons ela/ic4 ,s      

little is ! wondr\s me*anism impair$1 t 
if by any means we c\ld supply a /imulus
 to awak5 ! dormant s5sibility1 ! *e/   
w\ld exp&1 ! he>t w\ld beat1 ! blood    
w\ld circulate1 ! corpse w\ld revive4   
,x is unnecess>y to po9t out 9 detail h[
 dep5d5t ! bra9 is ^u ! he>t2 b m5tion  
may be made ( ! fact t m blood is s5t to
 ! bra9 ?an to any o!r organ 9 ! body3  
accord+ to "s e/imates a fif? ( ! :ole1 
accord+ to o!rs a ?ird4 ,n only is a    
l>ge quantity ( blood dem&$ = ! cont9u\s
 activity ( ! bra91 b su* is ! peculi>  
nature ( ?is great n]v\s c5tre1 t ( all 
organs x is ! mo/ delicately susceptible
 to e v>iation 9 ! quality ( ! blood s5t
 to x4 ,if ! he>t pumps feebly1 ! bra9  
acts feebly4 ,if ! blood be vitiat$1 !  
bra9 is le?>gic2 & :5 ! bra9 is le?>gic1
 ! he>t is weak4 ,?us d ! two great     
c5tres int]act4 ,!y are bo? lords (     
life1 & bo? mutually indisp5sable4  ,!re
 are two objections :i* x may be well to
 anticipate3 ,nutrition1 x may be       
object$1 _c be s indissolubly bl5d$ )   

s5sation z ,i h affirm$1 because1 9 !   
fir/ place1 mo/ ( ! nutritive processes 
g on )\t ! int]v5tion ( #fbe s5sibility2
 & 9 ! second place1 ! nutritive life ( 
plants is confess$ly indep5d5t (        
s5sation1 s9ce 9 plants !re is no       
s5sitive me*anism :atev]4 ,nutrition is 
simply a *emical process4  ,! answ]s to 
^! objections may be v brief4 ,nutrition
 is a biological n a *emical process3 x 
involves ! op]ation ( *emical laws1 b ^!
 laws are !mselves subord9at$ to        
physiological laws2 & "o ( ^! laws is ! 
necess>y dep5d5ce ( organic activity on 
a n]v\s me*anism :]ev] su* a me*anism   
exi/s4 ,al?\gh popul> language1 & !     
mi/ak5 views 7z ,i conceive7 (          
physiologi/s1 all[ u to say1 )\t any    
app>5t absurdity1 t ! processes (       
respiration1 dige/ion1 circulation1 &   
secretion g on )\t feel+ or             
s5sation--because ^! processes d n      
habitually become di/9ct 9 consci\sness1
 b are m]g$ 9 ! g5]al feel+ (           
exi/5ce--we h only to replace ! ^w      

feel+1 or s5sation1 by ! phrase n]v\s   
influ5ce1 & x !n becomes a s]i\s        
biological error to speak ( nutrition z 
dissociat$ f ! /imulus ( n]v\s c5tres1 z
 capable ( cont9uance )\t ! int]v5tion (
 s5sibility4 ,! *emical comb9ations &   
decompositions d n ( c\rse dep5d on ?is 
int]v5tion1 b ! transport ( mat]ials    
does4 ,all ! disputes :i* h be5 wag$ on 
?is subject w\ld h be5 sil5c$ _h !      
disputants borne 9 m9d ?is di/9ction    
betwe5 ! *emical & organic elem5ts 9 e  
nutritive process4 ,x is n ! /ok] :o    
makes ! /eam2 b if ! /ok] 7 n to supply 
! fire ) coals1 & ! safety-valve 7 n to 
regulate ! am\nt ( pressure1 /eam might 
inde$ be g5]at$1 b no /eam-eng9e w\ld   
p]=m its useful "w4 ,9 l mann]1 x is n !
 vascul> sy/em :i* makes a secretion2 b 
if ! blood did n supply ! gl& )         
mat]ials1 ! secret+ process w\ld quickly
 end1 & ! blood c only be br\ght to !   
gl& ?r\gh ! ag5cy ( muscul> contractions
 /imulat$ by n]v\s influ5ce4  ,grant+ t 
plants h no s5sibility1 & t 9 !m !      

process ( nutrition mu/ g on )\t su* an 
int]v5tion1 we are able to demon/rate t 
9 animals 9 ^: organism ! s5sitive      
app>atus is an integral portion1 !      
processes ( nutrition are m or less "u !
 influ5ce ( ?is app>atus4 ,9 say+ m or  
less1 ,i indicate ! great] or less      
p]fection ( ! organism2 =1 z e "o kn[s1 
! p]fection ( ea* type is due to !      
pr$om9ance ( its s5sitive me*anism4 ,9  
"s ( ! l[e/ types1 no trace ( a n]v\s   
me*anism c be discov]$4 ,a little high] 
9 ! scale1 ! me*anism is v slight &     
simple4 ,/ill high]1 x becomes complex &
 important4 ,x culm9ates 9 man4         
,correspond+ ) ?is scale ( complexity 9 
! s5sitive life is ! scale ( complexity 
9 ! nutritive life4 ,z ! two rise 9     
importance !y rise 9 ! scale ( dep5d5ce4
 ,?us a frog or a triton w live long    
aft] its bra9 is remov$4 ,i h kept frogs
 = sev]al weeks )\t _! bra9s1 & tritons 
)\t _! heads4 ,r$i1 ! illu/ri\s ,italian
 naturali/1 kept a turtle alive five    
mon?s aft] ! removal ( its bra94 ,n[ x  

is ne$less to say t 9 high] animals dea?
 w\ld rapidly foll[ ! loss ( ! bra94 ,a 
some:at simil> p>allelism is se5 on !   
removal ( ! he>t4 ,none ( ! high]       
animals c survive a s]i\s injury to !   
he>t2 b t organ may be remov$ f a       
reptile1 & ! animal w crawl away seem+ly
 z lively z ev]4 ,a frog w live sev]al  
h\rs )\t a he>t1 & w hop1 swim1 &       
/ruggle z if un9jur$4 ,/ill+ once remov$
 all ! visc]a f a frog1 :i*1 h[ev]1     
cont9u$ = "o h\r to hop1 def5d itself1 &
 9 v>i\s ways manife/ its vivacity4     
,footnote #abd    ,footnote #abd3       
,/ill+1 ,unt]su*ung5 ueb] die ,function5
 des   ,rueck5m>ks1 p4 #ch4   #fbf  ,9  
spite ( ^! evid5ces ( a tempor>y        
indep5d5ce ( bra9 & he>t1 z individual  
organs1 !re is no?+ m c]ta9 ?an !       
intimate int]dep5d5ce ( ! s5sitive &    
circulat+ sy/ems2 & if 9 l[] animals !  
int]dep5d5ce ( ! two great c5tral organs
 is less en]getic ?an 9 ! high]1 ! law (
 ! int]v5tion ( s5sibility 9 all        
processes ( nutrition is unaffect$4 ,9  

fact1 :]ev] ! motor me*anism is muscul>1
 z x is 9 all b ! simple/ animals1 !    
necess>y int]v5tion ( s5sibility is an a
 priori axiom4 ,e action 9 ! organs (   
su* animals is a manife/ation ( muscul> 
contractility1 & !re is no kn[n means ( 
excit+ ?is contractility except by !    
/imulus ( a n]ve4  ,! he>t is a muscle4 
,"s ye>s ago !re 0 a s*ool (            
physiologi/s advocat+ ! hypo!sis t !    
action ( ! he>t 0 due to ! irritability 
( its muscul> tissue1 :i* 0 /imulat$ by 
! pres5ce ( blood4 ,! great ,hall] 0 !  
head ( ?is s*ool1 & 8 ,memoires sur la  
nature s5sible et irritable des p>ties  
,footnote #abe is /ill wor?y ! att5tion 
( exp]im5tali/s4 ,&1 inde$1 :5 m5 saw ! 
he>t cont9ue its pulsations "s "t aft]  
dea?1 & ev5 aft] removal f ! body1 &    
saw1 moreov]1 t aft] pulsation _h ceas$ 
x c\ld be reviv$ by ! injection ( w>m   
blood1 !re seem$ ! /ronge/ argum5ts 9   
favor ( ! hypo!sis4 ,unhappily = !      
hypo!sis1 ! he>t cont9ues to beat long  
aft] all ! blood has be5 pump$ out ( x1 

consequ5tly its beat+ _c be due to !    
/imulus ( ! blood4    ,footnote #abe3   
,lausanne1 #agef1 9 #d vols4   ,9 our   
own day ! difficulty has to a           
consid]able ext5t be5 remov$ by !       
discov]y ( a small n]v\s sy/em specially
 allott$ to ! he>t1--n]ves & ganglia    
imb$d$ 9 its sub/ance1 :i* !re d ! "w ( 
n]ves & ganglia ev]y:]e else4 ,cut !    
he>t into pieces1 & ea* piece conta9+ a 
ganglion w beat z be=e2 ! o!r pieces w  
be /ill4 ,beside ?is special c>diac     
sy/em :i* influ5ces ! regul> pulsations1
 !re is ! g5]al n]v\s sy/em1 :i*        
accel]ates & arre/s ^! pulsations at e  
mom5t ( our lives4 ,! he>t is ?us       
connect$ ) ! g5]al organism ?r\gh !     
int]v5tion ( ! great s5sory app>atus4   
,filam5ts ( :at are call$ ! pneumoga/ric
 n]ves connect ! he>t ) ! sp9al *ord &  
c]ebral masses2 b x is n ! influ5ce ( ^!
 filam5ts :i* causes ! regul> beat+s ( !
 he>t 7z physiologi/s =m]ly suppos$71 & 
! pro( is t ^! filam5ts may all be cut1 
?us entirely isolat+ ! he>t f all       

connection ) ! great n]v\s c5tres1 & yet
 ! he>t w cont9ue tranquilly beat+4 ,:at
 causes ?is8 ,obvi\sly ! /imulus comes f
 ! he>t's own n]ves2 & ^! are1          
presumably1 excit$ by ! molecul> *anges 
go+ on )9 x4  ,physiologi/s1 z we said j
 n[1 suppos$ t ! filam5ts ( !           
pneumoga/ric n]ves di/ribut$ to ! he>t  
caus$ its beat+4 ,:at !n 0 _! surprise1 
a few ye>s s9ce1 :5 ,web] ann\nc$ t !   
/imulation ( ^! fibres1 in/ead (        
accel]at+ ! he>t's action1 arre/$ x6 ,"h
 0 a p>adox4 ,all o!r muscles1 x 0 said 
7b errone\sly said71 are excit$ to      
increas$ action :5 _! n]ves are         
/imulat$1 & "h is a muscle :i* is       
p>alyz$ by ! /imulation ( its n]ves4 ,! 
fact 0 indisputable2 an electric curr5t 
pass$ ?r\gh ! pneumoga/ric did sudd5ly &
 inv>iably arre/ ! he>t4 ,physiologi/s 7
 int]e/$4 ,! frogs & rabbits ( ,europe  
_h a bad "t ( x1 call$ ^u to answ]      
categorically su* que/ions put to _!    
he>ts4 ,9 a little :ile x appe>$ t      
al?\gh a /rong electric curr5t arre/$ ! 

pulsations--& 9 mammals                 
in/antane\sly--yet a feeble curr5t      
accel]at$ in/ead ( arre/+ !m4 ,! same   
opposite results foll[$ a p[]ful & a    
g5tle excitation ( ! upp] region ( !    
sp9al *ord4  #fbg  ,to ^! v important & 
sugge/ive facts1 :i* ?r[ a /rong light  
on _m ph5om5a hi!rto obscure1 let u add 
! int]e/+ facts t 9 a heal?y1 vigor\s   
animal1 ! he>t quickly recov]s its      
normal activity aft] ! )drawal ( !      
electric /imulus2 b 9 a sickly or highly
 s5sitive animal ! arre/ is f9al4  ,:o  
does n read "h ! physiological          
explanation ( ! famili> fact t p[]ful   
m5tal %ocks mom5tly arre/ ! he>t1 &     
sometimes arre/ x = ev]8 ,t :i* a p[]ful
 curr5t w d appli$ to ! pneumoga/ric    
n]ve1 w be done by a pr(\nd agitation ( 
grief or joy--truly call$ a he>t-%ak+   
influ5ce4 ,! agitation ( ! great c5tres 
( ?\ght is communicat$ to ! sp9al *ord1 
& f x to ! n]ves :i* issue to v>i\s p>ts
 ( ! body3 ! limbs are viol5tly mov$1 ! 
gl&s are excit$ to increas$ activity1 ! 

te>s fl[1 ! facial muscles contract1 !  
*e/ exp&s1 laught] or sobs1 dances (    
delight & %\ts ( joy1 ^! & ! manifold   
expressions ( an agitat$ emotion1 are ! 
aft] results--! fir/ effect is an arre/1
 m or less fugitive1 foll[$ by an       
increase ( ! he>t's action4 ,if !       
organism be vigor\s1 ! effect ( a p[]ful
 emotion is a sudd5 pal5ess1 indicat+ a 
mom5t>y arre/ ( ! he>t4 ,?is may be b = 
an in/ant2 ! he>t pauses1 & ! lungs     
pause ) x--! brea? is tak5 away4 ,?is is
 succe$$ by an en]getic palpitation2 !  
lungs exp&1 ! blood ru%es to face & bra9
 ) increas$ =ce4 ,%\ld ! organism be    
sickly or highly s5sitive1 ! arre/ is ( 
long] duration1 & fa9t+1 m or less      
prolong$1 is ! result4 ,9 a v s5sitive  
or v sickly organism ! arre/ is f9al4 ,!
 %ock ( joy & ! %ock ( grief h bo? be5  
kn[n to kill4  ,! effects ( a g5tle     
/imulus we may expect to be v diff]5t1  
s9ce we "k t a feeble electric curr5t   
/imulates ! he>t's action4 ,! nature ( !
 /imulus is always ! same1 no matt] on  

:at occasion x arises4 ,x may arise f a 
da% ( cold wat] on ! face--z we see 9 ! 
revival ( ! he>t's action :5 we ?r[ wat]
 on ! face ( a fa9t+ p]son4 ,x may arise
 f inhal+ an irritant odor4 ,x may arise
 f ! pleasurable sight ( a de> fri5d1 or
 ! ?rill ( delight at ! new bir? ( an   
idea4 ,9 e case ! bra9 is excit$1 ei!r  
?r\gh an impression on a s5sitive n]ve1 
or ?r\gh ! impulses ( ?\ght2 & !        
s5sibility ?us call$ into action        
necess>ily dis*>ges itself ?r\gh "o or m
 ( ! easie/ *annels2 & among ! easie/ is
 t ( ! pneumoga/ric n]ve4 ,b ! he>t ?us 
act$ on 9 turn reacts4 ,its increas$    
en]gy ?r[s m blood into ! bra91 :i*     
draws its su/a9+ p[] f ! blood4         
,exp]im5tali/s h discov]$ ano!r lum9\s  
fact connect$ ) ?is influ5ce ( ! bra9 ^u
 ! he>t1 namely1 t al?\gh a curr5t ( a  
c]ta9 int5sity 7v>y+ ( c\rse ) ! nature 
( ! organism7 w infallibly arre/ ! he>t1
 if appli$ at once1 yet if we beg9 ) a  
feeble curr5t & g on gradually increas+ 
its int5sity1 we may at la/ surpass !   

degree :i* w\ld h produc$ in/antane\s   
arre/1 & yet ! he>t w cont9ue to beat   
en]getically4  ,! effect ( repetition 9 
dim9i%+ a /imulus is "h v noticeable4 ,x
 w s]ve to expla9 :y1 accord+ to !      
traditions ( famili> exp]i5ce1 we are   
c>eful to break ! ann\ncem5t ( disa/r\s 
news1 by intimat+ some?+ mu* less       
calamit\s1 :]e) to produce ! fir/ %ock1 
& !n1 :5 ! he>t has )/ood t1 we hope x  
may h en]gy to meet ! m agitat+         
emotions4 ,! same fact w also s]ve1     
p>tly1 to expla9 :y f repetition !      
effect ( smok+ is no long] z x is at    
fir/ to produce pal5ess1 sweat+1 &      
sickness4 ,! he>t ceases to be s5sibly  
affect$ by ! /imulus4  #fbh  ,return+ to
 ! effects ( a g5tle /imulus1 we c read 
!re9 ! rationale ( *ange ( sc5e1        
especially ( =eign travel1 9 re/or+ !   
exhau/$ en]gies4 ,! g5tle excitem5t (   
novel & pleasurable sights is n1 z p    
g5]ally suppose1 m]ely a m5tal          
/imulus--a pleasure :i* passes away )\t 
a physical influ5ce2 on ! contr>y1 x is 

insep>ably connect$ ) an increas$       
activity ( ! circulation1 & ?is br+s ) x
 an increas$ activity ( all ! processes 
( wa/e & repair4 ,if ! excitem5t &      
fatigue be n too great1 ev5 ! sickly    
travell] f9ds himself /rong] & happi]1 9
 spite ( bad food1 irregul> h\rs1 & _m  
o!r conditions :i* at home w\ld h       
enfeebl$ him4 ,i h he>d a v di/+ui%$    
physician 7,sir ,h5ry ,holl&7 say t su* 
is 8 conviction ( ! b5eficial influ5ce (
 ev5 slight n]v\s /imulus on ! nutritive
 processes1 t :5 ! pati5t _c h *ange (  
sc5e1 *ange ( room is ( "s              
advantage--nay1 ev5 *ange ( furniture1  
if !re _c be *ange ( room6  ,to ^? :o h 
?or\ghly grasp$ ! pr9ciple ( !          
indissoluble conjunction ( nutrition &  
s5sation1 su* effects are obvi\s        
d$uctions4 ,!y po9t to ! great          
importance ( pleasure z an elem5t (     
effective life4 ,!y lead to ! "q :e!r   
mu* ( ! sup]ior heal? ( y\? is n due to 
! great] am\nt ( pleasurable excitem5t  
:i* life af=ds to "y m9ds4  ,c]ta9 x is 

t mu* ( ! m>vell\s activity ( "s old m51
 especially ( m5 engag$ 9 politics or 9 
int]e/+ pr(essions1 may be assign$ to ! 
great] /imulus giv5 to _! bodily        
functions by ! pleasurable excitem5t (  
_! m9ds4 ,m5 :o vegetate s9k prematurely
 into old age4 ,! f]vid :eels ( life    
revolve ^u excitem5t4 ,if ! excitem5t be
 too int5se1 ! :eels take fire2 b if !  
m5tal /imulus be simply pleasurable1 x  
is em95tly b5eficial4  ,e impression    
reacts on ! circulation1 a slight       
impression produc+ a slight accel]ation1
 a p[]ful impression1 produc+ an arre/ m
 or less prolong$4 ,! %ock ( a w\nd & ! 
pa9 ( an op]ation cause fa9tness1       
sometimes dea?4 ,inde$1 x is useful to  
"k t _m sev]e op]ations are dang]\s only
 because ( ! %ock or pa91 & c be p]=m$ )
 impunity if ! pati5t fir/ be r5d]$     
ins5sible by *lor(orm4 ,on ! o!r h&1 !  
m]e irritation ( a n]ve s z to produce  
sev]e pa9 w produce syncope or dea? 9 an
 animal :i* is v feeble or exhau/$4 ,x  
is possible to cru% ! :ole ( ! upp] "p (

 ! sp9al *ord 7! m$ulla oblongata7 )\t  
arre/+ ! action ( ! he>t1 if ! animal   
has be5 r5d]$ ins5sible by *lor(orm2    
:]eas )\t su* precautions a v slight    
irritation ( ! m$ulla suffices to arre/ 
! he>t4  ,a mom5t's reflection w        
disclose ! reason ( ! rem>kable         
diff]5ces obs]v$ 9 human be+s 9 ! matt] 
( s5sitiv5ess4 ,! /upid are /upid1 n    
simply because _! n]v\s developm5t is   
bel[ ! av]age1 b also because !         
connection betwe5 ! two great c5tral    
organs1 bra9 & he>t1 is comp>atively    
languid2 ! pneumoga/ric is n 9 !m a     
ready *annel = ! dis*>ge ( n]v\s        
excitem5t4 ,! s5sitive are s5sitive     
because 9 !m ! connection is rapid &    
easy4 ,all n]v\s excitem5t mu/ dis*>ge  
itself ?r\gh "o or m *annels2 b :at     
*annels1 w dep5d on ! native & acquir$  
t5d5cies ( ! organism4 ,9 highly        
s5sitive animals a m]e prick on ! sk9 c 
be prov$ to affect ! beat+ ( ! he>t2 b y
 may lac]ate a reptile )\t s5sibly      
affect+ its pulse4 ,9 l mann]1 a        

pleasurable sight or a sugge/ive ?\ght w
 quick5 ! pulse ( an intellig5t man1    
:]eas 8 /upid bro!r may be ! spectator (
 fe/al or solemn sc5es & ! auditor (    
noble eloqu5ce ) sc>cely a *ange4  #fbi 
,! highly s5sitive organism is "o 9 :i* 
! reactions ( s5sibility on !           
circulation1 & ( ! circulation on !     
s5sibility1 are mo/ direct & rapid4 ,?is
 is (t5 ! s\rce ( weakness &            
ineffici5cy--z we see 9 c]ta9 fem99e    
natures ( bo? sexes1 :]e9 ! excessive   
s5sitiv5ess does n lie 9 an unusual     
developm5t ( ! n]v\s c5tres1 b 9 an     
unusual developm5t ( ! direct connection
 betwe5 bra9 & he>t4 ,!re are m5 & wom5 
( p[]ful bra9s 9 :om ?is rapid          
transmission ( s5sation to ! he>t is n  
obs]vable2 ! n]v\s =ce dis*>ges itself  
?r\gh o!r *annels4 ,!re are m5 & wom5 ( 
small bra9s 9 :om ! irritability is s   
great t almo/ e s5sation transmits its  
agitat+ influ5ce to ! he>t4  ,& n[ we   
are 9 a condition to appreciate ! tru?  
:i* 0 confus$ly express$ 9 ! anci5t     

doctr9e respect+ ! he>t z ! great       
emotional organ4 ,x /ill lives 9 our    
ord9>y spee*1 b has long be5 bani%$ f ! 
text-books ( physiology1 ?\gh x is n1 9 
my op9ion1 a :it m unsci5tific ?an !    
mod]n doctr9e respect+ ! bra9 7mean+ !  
c]ebral hemisph]es7 z ! exclusive organ 
( s5sation4 ,t ! he>t1 z a muscle1 is n 
end[$ ) ! prop]ty ( s5sibility--a       
prop]ty exclusively possess$ by         
ganglionic tissue--we all admit4 ,b !   
he>t1 z ! c5tral organ ( ! circulation1 
is s indissolubly connect$ ) e          
manife/ation ( s5sibility1 & is s       
delicately susceptible to all emotional 
agitations1 t we may n improp]ly reg>d x
 z ! anci5ts reg>d$ x1 9 ! light ( !    
*ief c5tre ( feel+2 = ! anci5ts _h no   
conception ( ! he>t z an organ specially
 end[$ ) s5sibility--!y only ?\ght ( x z
 ! *ief ag5t ( ! s5sitive s\l4 ,& is n  
?is ! conception we mod]ns =m ( ! bra98 
,we d n imag9e ! c]ebral mass1 z a m]e  
mass1 & unrelat$ to ! re/ ( ! organism1 
to h 9 itself s5sibility2 b we conceive 

x z ! c5tre ( a great sy/em1 dep5d5t =  
its activity on a ?\s& influ5ces1       
s5sitive because s5sibility is ! =m (   
life peculi> to x1 b liv+ only 9 virtue 
( ! vital activities ( ! :ole organism4 
,?us ! he>t1 because its action is      
mom5tly involv$ 9 e emotion1 & because e
 emotion reacts ^u x1 may1 z truly z !  
bra91 be call$ ! great emotional c5tre4 
,nei!r bra9 nor he>t c claim t title    
exclusively4 ,!y may claim x toge!r4    
----  #fcj  ,transcrib]3 ,read ?is      
section ) a fix$ pit* font s ! two      
columns are correctly align$4  ,f ,!    
,mon?4  ,,! ,,dream ,,( ,,g]ontius4     
,,by ,,john ,,h5ry ,,newman1 ,d4,d4     
,conclud$4  ,sec4#d4  ,,s\l4          ,b
 h>k6 ^u my s5se   ,comes a fi]ce       
hubbub1 :i* w\ld make me fe>1   ,c\ld ,i
 be fright$4  ,,angel4            ,we   
are n[ arriv$   ,close on !             
judgm5t-c\rt2 t sull5 h[l   ,is f !     
demons :o assemble !re4   ,x is ! middle
 region1 :]e ( old   ,satan appe>$ among
 ! sons ( ,god1   ,to ca/ 8 jibes &     

sc(fs at holy ,job4   ,s n[ 8 legions   
?rong ! ve/ibule1   ,hungry & wild1 to  
claim _! prop]ty1   ,& ga!r s\ls = hell4
 ,hi/ to _! cry4  ,,s\l4    ,h[ s\r & h[
 unc\? a dissonance6  ,,demons4         
,l[-born clods      ,( brute e>?1       
,!y aspire   ,to become gods1      ,by a
 new bir?1             ,& an extra      
grace1   ,& a score ( m]its1      ,z if 
ought                 ,c\ld /& 9 place  
,( ! high ?\ght1        ,& ! glance (   
fire   ,( ! great spirits1      ,! p[]s 
ble/1           ,! lords by "r1         
,! primal own]s   ,( ! pr\d dwell+      
,& realm ( light1      ,dispossess$1    
,aside ?ru/1                            
,*uck$ d[n1                             
,by ! %e] might                         
,( a despot's w1                        
,( a tyrant's fr[n1   ,:o aft] expell+  
,_! ho/s1 gave1                         
,triumphant /ill1                       
,& /ill unju/1                          
,ea* =feit cr[n                         
,to psalm-dron]s                        

,& cant+ groan]s1                       
,to e slave1                            
,& pi\s *eat1                           
,& crawl+ knave1                        
,:o lick$ ! du/                         
,"u 8 feet4  #fca  ,,angel4    ,x is !  
re/less pant+ ( _! be+2   ,l bea/s (    
prey1 :o1 cag$ )9 _! b>s1   ,9 a deep   
hide\s purr+ h _! life1   ,& an         
incessant pac+ to & fro4  ,,demons4     
,! m9d bold       ,& indep5d5t1   ,!    
purpose free1   ,s we are told1   ,mu/ n
 ?9k       ,to h ! asc5dant1     ,:at's 
a sa9t8       ,"o ^: brea?              
,do? ! air ta9t       ,be=e 8 dea?2     
,a bundle ( bones1       ,:i* fools     
adore1         ,ha6 ha6       ,:5 life  
is o'er1   ,:i* rattle & /9k1           
,e'en 9 ! fle%4         ,we cry 8 p>don6
   ,no fle% ha? he2       ,ha6 ha6      
,= x ha? di$1                           
',tis crucifi$                          
,day by day1   ,afre%1 afre%1           
,ha6 ha6                                
,t holy clay1                           

,ha6 ha6                                
,& su* fudge1   ,z prie/l+s prate1      
,is 8 gu]don                            
,be=e ! judge1                          
,& pleads & atones                      
,= spite & grudge1                      
,& bigot mood1   ,& envy & hate         
,& gre$ ( blood4  ,,s\l4    ,h[ impot5t 
!y are6 & yet on e>?   ,!y h repute =   
wondr\s p[] & skill2   ,& books         
describe1 h[ t ! v face   ,( ?' evil "o1
 if se51 w\ld h a =ce   ,to freeze ! v  
blood1 & *oke ! life   ,( him :o saw x4 
#fcb  ,,angel4           ,9 ?y trial    
/ate   ,?\ had/ a traitor ne/l+ close at
 home1   ,connatural1 :o ) ! p[]s ( hell
   ,0 leagu$1 & ( ?y s5ses kept ! keys1 
,& to t deadlie/ foe unlock$ ?y he>t4   
,& !re=e is x1 9 respect ( man1   ,^?   
fall5 ones %[ s maje/ical4   ,b1 :5 "s  
*ild ( grace1 angel or sa9t1   ,pure &  
upright 9 8 integrity   ,( nature1 meets
 ! demons on _! raid1   ,!y scud away z 
c[>ds f ! fight4   ,nay1 (t ha? holy    
h]mit 9 8 cell1   ,n yet disburd5$ (    

mortality1   ,mock$ at _! ?reats &      
w>like ov]tures2   ,or1 dy+1 :5 !y sw>m$
 l flies1 ar\nd1   ,defi$ !m1 & dep>t$  
to 8 judge4  ,,demons4    ,virtue &     
vice1            ,a knave's pret5ce4    
',tis all ! same2          ,ha6 ha6     
,dread ( hell-fire1   ,( ! v5om\s flame1
      ,a c[>d's plea4   ,give him 8     
price1         ,sa9t ?\gh he be1        
,ha6 ha6                                
,f %rewd good s5se   ,he'll slave =     
hire2                               ,ha6
 ha6                  ,& does b aspire  
,to ! heav5 above   ,) sordid aim1      
,n f love4           ,ha6 ha6  ,,s\l4   
,i see n ^? false spirits2 %all ,i see  
,my de>e/ ,ma/]1 :5 ,i rea* 8 ?rone8    
,or he>1 at lea/1 8 awful judgm5t-^w    
,) p]sonal intonation1 z ,i n[   ,he>   
!e1 n see !e1 angel8 ,hi!rto   ,all has 
be5 d>kness s9ce ,i left ! e>?2   ,%all 
,i rema9 ?us sight-b]eft all ?r\gh   ,my
 p5ance-"t8 if s1 h[ comes x !n   ,t ,i 
h he>+ /ill1 & ta/e1 & t\*1   ,yet n a  
glimm] ( t pr9cely s5se   ,:i* b9ds     

ideas 9 "o1 & makes !m live8  #fcc      
,,angel4    ,nor t\*1 nor ta/e1 nor he>+
 ha/ ?\ n[2   ,?\ live/ 9 a _w ( signs &
 types1   ,! pres5tations ( mo/ holy    
tru?s1   ,liv+ & /rong1 :i* n[ encompass
 !e4   ,a disembodi$ s\l1 ?\ ha/ by "r  
,no conv]se ) aught else beside ?yself2 
,b1 le/ s /]n a solitude %\ld load   ,& 
break ?y be+1 9 m]cy are v\*saf$   ,"s  
l[] measures ( p]ception1   ,:i* seem to
 !e1 z ?\gh ?r\gh *annels br\ght1       
,?r\gh e>1 or n]ves1 or palate1 :i* are 
gone4   ,& ?\ art wrapp$ & swa!d ar\nd 9
 dreams1   ,dreams t are true1 yet      
enigmatical2   ,= ! belong+s ( ?y pres5t
 /ate1   ,save ?r\gh su* symbols1 come n
 home to !e4   ,& ?us ?\ tell'/ ( space 
& "t & size1   ,( fragrant1 solid1      
bitt]1 musical1   ,( fire1 & ( refre%m5t
 aft] fire2   ,z 7let me use similitude 
( e>?1   ,to aid !e 9 ! k ?\ do/ ask7-- 
,z ice :i* bli/]s may be said to burn4  
,nor ha/ ?\ n[ ext5sion1 ) its p>ts     
,correlative1--long habit coz5s !e1--   
,nor p[] to move ?yself1 nor limbs to   

move4   ,ha/ ?\ n he>d ( ^?1 :o aft]    
loss   ,( h& or foot1 /ill cri$ t !y _h 
pa9s   ,9 h& or foot1 z ?\gh !y _h x    
/ill8   ,s is x n[ ) !e1 :o ha/ n lo/   
,?y h& or foot1 b all :i* made up man4  
,s w x be1 until ! joy\s day   ,(       
resurrection1 :5 ?\ wilt rega9   ,all ?\
 ha/ lo/1 new-made & glorifi$4--        
--,h[1 ev5 n[1 ! consummat$ sa9ts   ,see
 ,god 9 heav51 ,i may n explicate3--    
,mean:ile let x suffice !e to possess   
,su* means ( conv]se z are grant$ !e1   
,?\gh till ! beatific vision ?\ art     
bl9d2   ,= e'en ?y purgatory1 :i* comes 
l fire1   ,is fire )\t its light4       
,,s\l4                 ,8 w be done6    
,i am n wor?y e'er to see aga9   ,! face
 ( day2 f> less 8 c\nt5ance1   ,:o is ! 
v sun4 ,na!less1 9 life1   ,:5 ,i look$ 
=w>d to my purgatory1   ,x ev] 0 my     
solace to believe1   ,t1 ere ,i plung$  
into ?' av5g+ flame1   ,i _h "o sight ( 
him to /r5g!n me4  ,,angel4    ,nor ra% 
nor va9 is t pres5tim5t2   ,yes1--= "o  
mom5t ?\ %alt see ?y ,"l4   ,?us w x be3

 :at "t ?\ art arraign$   ,be=e ! dread 
tribunal1 & ?y lot   ,is ca/ = ev]1 %\ld
 x be to sit   ,on 8 "r h& among 8 pure 
elect1   ,!n sight1 or t :i* to ! s\l is
 sight1   ,z by a lightn+-fla%1 w come  
to !e1   ,& ?\ %alt see1 amid ! d>k     
pr(\nd1   ,:om ?y s\l love?1 & w\ld fa9 
approa*1   ,"o mom5t2 b ?\ kn[e/ n1 my  
*ild1   ,:at ?\ do/ ask3 t sight ( !    
,mo/ ,fair   ,w gladd5 !e1 b x w pi]ce  
!e too4  #fcd  ,,s\l4    ,?\ speake/    
d>kly1 angel2 & an awe   ,falls on me1 &
 ,i fe> le/ ,i be ra%4  ,,angel4    ,!re
 0 a mortal1 :o is n[ above   ,9 ! mid  
glory2 he1 :5 ne> to die1   ,0 giv5     
communion ) ! ,crucifi$1--   ,su*1 t !  
,ma/]'s v w\nds 7 /amp$   ,^u 8 fle%2 &1
 f ! agony   ,:i* ?rill$ ?r\gh body &   
s\l 9 t embrace1   ,le>n t ! flame ( !  
,ev]la/+ ,love   ,do? burn1 ere x       
trans=m4 4 4 4  ,sec4 #e4    4 4 4 ,h>k 
to ^? s\nds6   ,!y come ( t5d] be+s     
angelical1   ,lea/ & mo/ *ildlike ( !   
sons ( ,god4  ,,fir/ ,,*oir ,,(         
,,angelicals4    ,praise to ! ,holie/ 9 

! height1         ,& 9 ! dep? be praise3
   ,9 all 8 words mo/ wond]ful2         
,mo/ sure 9 all 8 ways6    ,to u 8 eld] 
race he gave                 ,to battle 
& to w91   ,)\t ! *a/isem5t ( pa91      
,)\t ! soil ( s94    ,! y\ng] son he    
will$ to be              ,a m>vel 9 8   
bir?3   ,_s & fle% 8 p>5ts 72           
,8 home 0 heav5 & e>?4    ,! ,et]nal    
bless$ 8 *ild & arm$1     ,& s5t him    
h5ce af>1   ,to s]ve z *ampion 9 ! field
            ,( elem5tal w>4    ,to be 8 
vice-roy 9 ! _w              ,( matt]1 &
 ( s5se2   ,^u ! fronti]1 t[>d ! foe1   
,a resolute def5ce4  ,,angel4    ,we n[ 
h pass$ ! gate1 & are )9   ,! h\se (    
judgm5t2 & :]eas on e>?   ,temples &    
palaces are =m$ ( p>ts   ,co/ly & r>e1 b
 all mat]ial1   ,s 9 ! _w ( spirits     
n\ght is f\nd1   ,to m\ld )al & =m a    
:ole1   ,b :at is immat]ial2 & ?us   ,! 
smalle/ portions ( ?is edifice1         
,cornice1 or frieze1 or balu/rade1 or   
/air1   ,! v pavem5t is made up ( life--
   ,( holy1 bless$1 & immortal be+s1    

,:o hymn _! ,mak]'s praise cont9ually4  
#fce  ,,second ,,*oir ,,( ,,angelicals4 
,praise to ! ,holie/ 9 ! height1      ,&
 9 ! dep? be praise3   ,9 all 8 words   
mo/ wond]ful2      ,mo/ sure 9 all 8    
ways6    ,woe to !e1 man6 = he 0 f\nd   
,a recreant 9 ! fight2   ,& lo/ 8       
h]itage ( heav51      ,& fell[%ip )     
light4    ,above him n[ ! angry sky1    
,ar\nd ! tempe/'s d9   ,:o once _h      
angels = 8 fri5ds1      ,has b ! brutes 
= k94    ,o man6 a savage k9dr$ !y3     
,to flee t mon/] brood   ,he scal$ !    
sea-side cave & clomb     ,! giants ( ! 
wood4    ,) n[ a fe> & n[ a hope1       
,) aids :i* *ance suppli$1   ,f y\? to  
old1 f sire to son1      ,he liv$1 &    
toil$1 & di$4    ,he dre$ 8 p5ance age  
by age2      ,& /ep by /ep began        
,sl[ly to d(f 8 savage g>b1      ,& be  
aga9 a man4    ,& quick5$ by !          
,almighty's brea?1   ,& *a/5$ by 8 rod1 
,& taught by angel-visit+s1             
,at l5g? he s\ght 8 ,god2    ,& le>n$ to
 call ^u 8 "n1        ,& 9 8 fai? create

   ,a h\sehold & a fa!rl&1      ,a city 
& a /ate4    ,glory to him :o f ! mire1 
,9 pati5t l5g? ( days1   ,elaborat$ into
 life        ,a p to 8 praise6  ,,s\l4  
,! s\nd is l ! ru%+ ( ! w9d--   ,! summ]
 w9d--among ! l(ty p9es2   ,swell+ &    
dy+1 e*o+ r\nd ab\t1   ,n[ "h1 n[       
di/ant1 wild & beautiful2   ,:ile       
scatt]$ f ! bran*es x has /irr$1        
,desc5d ec/atic odors4  ,,?ird ,,*oir   
,,( ,,angelicals4    ,praise to !       
,holie/ 9 ! height1        ,& 9 ! dep?  
be praise3   ,9 all 8 words mo/         
wond]ful2            ,mo/ sure 9 all 8  
ways6    ,! angels1 z beseem+ly         
,to _s-k9d 0 giv51   ,at once 7 tri$ &  
p]fect$1           ,& took _! seats 9   
heav54    ,= !m no twilight or eclipse2 
,no gr[? & no decay3   ,twas hopeless1  
all-engulf+ night1         ,or beatific 
day4    ,b to ! y\ng] race !re rose     
,a hope ^u its fall2   ,& sl[ly1 surely1
 gracefully1             ,! morn+ dawn$ 
on all4    ,& ages1 op5+ out1 divide    
,! preci\s & ! base1   ,& f ! h>d &     

sull5 mass           ,mature ! heirs (  
grace4    ,o man6 albeit ! quick5+ ray  
,lit f 8 second bir?1   ,takes him at   
l5g? :at once he 01       ,& heav5 gr[s 
out ( e>?2    ,yet /ill betwe5 t e>? &  
heav5--   ,8 j\rney & its goal--   ,a   
d\ble agony awaits                      
,8 body & 8 s\l4    ,a d\ble debt he has
 to pay--               ,! =feit ( 8    
s9s3   ,! *ill ( dea? is pa/1 & n[      
,! p5ance-fire beg9s4    ,glory to him1 
:o ev]more                  ,by tru? &  
ju/ice reigns2   ,:o te>s ! s\l f out   
its case1       ,& burns away its /a9s6 
#fcf  ,,angel4    ,!y s+ ( ?y approa*+  
agony1   ,:i* ?\ s eag]ly did/ "q (3    
,x is ! face ( ! inc>nate ,god   ,%all  
smite !e ) t ke5 & subtle pa92   ,& yet 
! memory :i* x leaves w be   ,a sov]eign
 febrifuge to heal ! w\nd2   ,& yet )al 
x w ! w\nd provoke1   ,& aggravate &    
wid5 x ! m4  ,,s\l4    ,?\ speake/      
my/]ies2 /ill me?9ks ,i "k   ,to        
dis5gage ! tangle ( ?y words3   ,yet r  
w\ld ,i he> ?y angel voice1   ,?an =    

myself be ?y int]pret]4  ,,angel4    ,:5
 !n--if su* ?y lot--?\ see/ ?y ,judge1  
,! sight ( him w k9dle 9 ?y he>t   ,all 
t5d]1 graci\s1 rev]5tial ?\ghts4   ,?\  
wilt be sick ) love1 & ye>n = him1   ,& 
feel z ?\gh ?\ c\ld/ b pity him1   ,t "o
 s sweet %\ld e'er h plac$ himself   ,at
 disadvantage su*1 z to be us$   ,s     
vilely by a be+ s vile z !e4   ,!re is a
 plead+ 9 8 p5sive eyes   ,w pi]ce !e to
 ! quick1 & tr\ble !e4   ,& ?\ wilt hate
 & loa! ?yself2 =1 ?\gh   ,n[ s9less1 ?\
 wilt feel t ?\ ha/ s9n$1   ,z nev] ?\  
did/ feel2 & wilt desire   ,to sl9k     
away1 & hide !e f 8 sight2   ,& yet wilt
 h a long+ aye to dwell   ,)9 ! beauty (
 8 c\nt5ance4   ,& ^! two pa9s1 s c\nt] 
& s ke51--   ,! long+ = him1 :5 ?\ see/ 
him n2   ,! %ame ( self at ?\ght ( see+ 
him1--   ,w be ?y v]ie/1 %>pe/          
purgatory4  ,,s\l4    ,my s\l is 9 my   
h&3 ,i h no fe>1--   ,9 8 de> might     
prep>$ = weal or woe4   ,b h>k6 a deep1 
my/]i\s h>mony   ,x floods me1 l ! deep 
& solemn s\nd   ,( _m wat]s4  #fcg      

,,angel4               ,we h ga9$ !     
/airs   ,:i* rise t[>d ! pres5ce-*amb]2 
!re   ,a b& ( mighty angels keep ! way  
,on ei!r side1 & hymn ! inc>nate ,god4  
,,angels ,,( ,,! ,,sacr$ ,,/air4        
,fa!r1 ^: goodness none c "k1 b !y      
,:o see !e face to face1   ,by man ha?  
come ! inf9ite display       ,( ?9e     
all-lov+ grace2   ,b fall5 man--!       
creature ( a day--       ,skills n t    
love to trace4   ,x ne$s1 to tell !     
triumph ?\ ha/ wr\ght1   ,an angel's    
dea?less fire1 an angel's rea* ( ?\ght4 
,x ne$s t v angel1 :o ) awe       ,amid 
! g>d5 %ade1   ,! great ,creator 9 8    
sickness saw1       ,soo!d by a         
creature's aid1   ,& agoniz$1 z victim (
 ! law       ,:i* he himself _h made2   
,= :o c praise him 9 8 dep? & height1   
,b he :o saw him reel 9 t victori\s     
fight8  ,,s\l4    ,h>k6 = ! l9tels ( !  
pres5ce-gate   ,are vibrat+ & e*o+ back 
! /ra94  ,,f\r? ,,*oir ,,( ,,angelicals4
    ,praise to ! ,holie/ 9 ! height1    
,& 9 ! dep? be praise   ,9 all 8 words  

mo/ wond]ful2           ,mo/ sure 9 all 
8 ways6    ,! foe blasphem$ ! holy ,"l1 
,z if he reckon$ ill1   ,9 t he plac$ 8 
puppet man           ,! fronti] place to
 fill4    ,= ev5 9 8 be/ e/ate1         
,) ample/ gifts endu$1   ,a sorry s5t9el
 0 he1                   ,a be+ ( fle% &
 blood4    ,z ?\gh a ?+1 :o = 8 help    
,mu/ ne$s possess a wife1   ,c\ld cope )
 ^? pr\d rebel ho/s1   ,:o _h angelic   
life4    ,& :51 by bl&i%m5t ( ,eve1     
,t e>?-born ,adam fell1   ,he %riek$ 9  
triumph1 & he cri$1      ,a sorry       
s5t9el4    ,! ,mak] by 8 ^w is b\nd1    
,escape or cure is none2   ,he mu/ ab&on
 to 8 doom1               ,& slay 8 d>l+
 ,son4  ,,angel4    ,& n[ ! ?re%old1 z  
we trav]se x1   ,utt]s al\d its glad    
responsive *ant4  #fch  ,,fif? ,,*oir   
,,( ,,angelicals4    ,praise to !       
,holie/ 9 ! height1      ,& 9 ! dep? be 
praise3   ,9 all 8 words mo/ wond]ful2  
,mo/ sure 9 all 8 ways6    ,o lov+      
wisdom ( our ,god6               ,:5 all
 0 s9 & %ame1   ,a second ,adam to !    

fight                ,& to ! rescue     
came4    ,o wise/ love6 t fle% & blood  
,:i* did 9 ,adam fail1   ,%\ld /rive    
afre% aga9/ ! foe1     ,%\ld /rive &    
%\ld prevail4    ,& t a high] gift ?an  
grace         ,%\ld fle% & blood ref9e1 
,god's pres5ce & 8 v self1         ,&   
ess5ce all-div9e4    ,o g5]\s love6 t he
 :o smote        ,9 man = man ! foe1    
,! d\ble agony 9 man                    
,= man %\ld und]go2    ,& 9 ! g>d5      
secretly1               ,& on ! cross on
 high1   ,%\ld tea* 8 bre?r5 & inspire  
,to suff] & to die4  ,sec4 #f4  ,,angel4
    ,! judgm5t n[ is ne>1 = we are come 
,into ! veil$ pres5ce ( our ,god4       
,,s\l4    ,i he> ! voices t ,i left on  
e>?4  ,,angel4    ,x is ! voice ( fri5ds
 ar\nd ?y b$1   ,:o say ! ,subv5ite ) ! 
prie/4   ,hi!r ! e*oes come2 be=e !     
?rone   ,/&s ! great angel ( ! agony1   
,! same :o /r5g!n$ him1 :at "t he knelt 
,lone 9 ! g>d5 %ade1 b$ew$ ) blood4   ,t
 angel be/ c plead ) him = all          
,torm5t$ s\ls1 ! dy+ & ! dead4  ,,angel 

,,( ,,! ,,agony4    ,jesu6 by t %udd]+  
dread :i* fell on !e2   ,jesu6 by t cold
 dismay :i* sick5$ !e2   ,jesu6 by t    
pang ( he>t :i* ?rill$ 9 !e2   ,jesu6 by
 t m\nt ( s9s :i* crippl$ !e2   ,jesu6  
by t s5se ( guilt :i* /ifl$ !e2   ,jesu6
 by t innoc5ce :i* girdl$ !e2   ,jesu6  
by t sanctity :i* reign$ 9 !e2   ,jesu6 
by t ,godhead :i* 0 "o ) !e2   ,jesu6   
sp>e ^! s\ls :i* are s de> to !e1   ,:o 
9 prison1 calm & pati5t1 wait = !e2     
,ha/51 ,"l1 _! h\r1 & bid !m come to !e1
   ,to t glori\s home1 :]e !y %all ev]  
gaze on !e4  #fci  ,,s\l4    ,i g be=e  
my ,judge4 ,ah6 4 4 4 4  ,,angel4       
4444 ,praise to 8 "n6   ,! eag] _s has  
d>t$ f my hold1   ,&1 ) ! intemp]ate    
en]gy ( love1   ,flies to ! de> feet (  
,emmanuel2   ,b1 ere x rea* !m1 ! ke5   
sanctity1   ,:i* ) its efflu5ce1 l a    
glory1 clo!s   ,& circles r\nd !        
,crucifi$1 has seiz$1   ,& scor*$1 &    
%rivell$ x2 & n[ x lies   ,passive &    
/ill be=e ! awful ?rone4   ,o happy1    
suff]+ s\l6 = x is safe1   ,consum$1 yet

 quick5$1 by ! glance ( ,god4  ,,s\l4   
,take me away1 & 9 ! l[e/ deep          
,!re let me be1   ,& !re 9 hope ! lone  
night-wat*es keep1       ,told out = me4
   ,!re1 motionless & happy 9 my pa91   
,lone1 n =lorn1--   ,!re w ,i s+ my sad 
p]petual /ra91       ,until ! morn4     
,!re w ,i s+1 & soo! my /rick5 brea/1   
,:i* ne'er c cease   ,to ?rob1 & p9e1 & 
langui%1 till possess$       ,( its sole
 peace4   ,!re w ,i s+ my abs5t ,"l &   
love3--       ,take me away1   ,t soon] 
,i may rise1 & g above1   ,& see him 9 !
 tru? ( ev]la/+ day4  ,sec4 #g4         
,,angel4    ,n[ let ! gold5 prison ope  
its gates1   ,mak+ sweet music1 z ea*   
fold revolves   ,^u its ready h+e4 ,&   
ye1 great p[]s1   ,angels ( purgatory1  
receive f me   ,my *>ge1 a preci\s s\l1 
until ! day1   ,:51 f all bond &        
=feiture releas$1   ,i %all reclaim x = 
! c\rts ( light4  #fdj  ,,s\ls ,,9      
,,purgatory4  #a4 ,"l1 ?\ ha/ be5 our   
refuge3 9 e g5]ation2  #b4 ,be=e ! hills
 7 born1 & ! _w 03    f age to age ?\   

art ,god4  #c4 ,br+ u n1 ,"l1 v l[3 = ?\
 ha/ said1    ,come back aga91 ye sons (
 ,adam4  #d4 ,a ?\s& ye>s be=e ?9e eyes 
are b z ye/]day3    & z a wat* ( ! night
 :i* is come & gone4  #e4 ,?\gh ! grass 
spr+ up 9 ! morn+2    yet 9 ! ev5+ x    
%all %rivel up & die4  #f4 ,?us we fail 
9 ?9e ang]2 & 9 ?y wra? we are tr\bl$4  
#g4 ,?\ ha/ set our s9s 9 ?y sight3    &
 our r\nd ( days 9 ! light ( ?y         
c\nt5ance4  #h4 ,come back1 ,o ,"l6 h[  
long8 & be entreat$ = ?y s]vants4  #i4  
,9 ?y morn+ we %all be fill$ ) ?y m]cy3 
we %all rejoice & be 9 pleasure all our 
days4  #aj4 ,we %all be glad accord+ to 
! days ( our humiliation2     & ! ye>s 9
 :i* we h se5 evil4  #aa4 ,look1 ,o ,"l1
 ^u ?y s]vants & on ?y "w2     & direct 
_! *ildr51  #ab4 ,& let ! beauty ( ! ,"l
 our ,god be ^u u3     & ! "w ( our h&s 
direct ?\ x4    ,glory be to ! fa!r & to
 ! ,son3 & to ! ,holy ,gho/4    ,z x 0 9
 ! beg9n+1 is n[1 & ev] %all be2    _w  
)\t end4 ,am54  ,,angel4    ,s(tly &    
g5tly1 de>e/1 sweete/ s\l     ,9 my mo/ 

lov+ arms ,i n[ enfold !e1   ,&1 o'er ! 
p5al wat]s1 z !y roll1     ,i poise !e1 
& ,i l[] !e1 & hold !e4    ,& c>efully  
,i dip !e 9 ! lake1     ,& ?\1 )\t a sob
 or a resi/ance1   ,do/ ?r\gh ! flood ?y
 rapid passage take     ,s9k+ deep1     
deep]1 into ! dim di/ance4    ,angels1  
to :om ! will+ task is giv51     ,%all  
t5d1 & nurse1 & lull !e1 z ?\ lie/2   ,&
 masses on ! e>?1 & pray]s 9 heav51     
,%all aid !e at ! ?rone ( ! ,mo/        
,highe/4    ,f>ewell1 b n = ev]6 bro!r  
de>1     ,be brave & pati5t on ?y b$ (  
sorr[2   ,swiftly %all pass ?y night (  
trial "h1     ,& ,i w come & wake !e on 
! morr[4   ----  #fda  ,f ,! ,ed9burgh  
,review4 7,abridg$47  ,,! ,,*ur* ,,&    
,,mosque ,,( ,,/4 ,,sophia4   #a4       
,byzant9e ,ar*itecture2 illu/rat$ by    
,examples ( ,edifices erect$ 9 ! ,ea/   
dur+ ! e>lie/ ages ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,)    
,hi/orical & ,ar*aeological             
,descriptions4 ,by ,c4 ,,texi] & ,e4 ,p4
 ,,pullan4 ,folio4 ,london3 #ahfd4  #b4 
,epigraphik von ,byzantium und          

,con/ant9opolis1 von d5 aelte/5 ,zeit5  
bis zum ,j4 #adec4 ,von ,dr4 ,s4 ,a4    
,,de?i] und ,dr4 ,a4 ,d4 ,,mordtmann4   
#dto4 ,wi53 #ahfd4  #c4 ,acta           
,patri>*ates ,con/ant9opolitani1        
#acje-adjb1 e ,codice ,,ms4 ,biblio!cae 
,palat4 ,v9dobon5sis2 ed5tibus ,d4 ,d4  
,,miklovis* et ,,mull]4 #hvo4 #b vols4  
,vi5nse3 #ahfj-b4  #d4 ,die alt-*ri/li*e
 ,baud5kmale ,kon/ant9opels von ,v4 bis 
,,xii4 ,jahrhund]t4 ,auf ,befehl se9]   
,maje/aet des ,ko5igs aufg5omm5 und     
hi/oris* erlaeut]t von ,w4 ,,salz5b]g4  
,im ,anhange des ,sil5ti>ius ,paulus    
,bes*reibung d] heilig5 ,sophia und d]  
,ambon1 metris* ueb]setzt und mit       
,anm]kung5 v]seh51 von ,dr4 ,c4 ,w4     
,k,o,r,t,ue,m4 ,fol4 ,b]l93 #ahed4  #e4 
,aya ,s(ia1 ,con/ant9ople1 z rec5tly    
re/or$ by ,ord] ( ,h4 ,m4 ! ,sultan     
,abdul ,m$jid4 ,f ! orig9al ,draw+s (   
,*evali] ,,gasp>d ,,fossati4 ,li?ograph$
 by ,l\is ,,haghe1 ,esq4 ,imp]ial folio4
 ,london3 #ahed4   ,!re is n "o among ! 
evid5ces ( ,moslem conque/ m gall+ to   

,*ri/ian associations ?an ! occupation (
 ,ju/9ian's anci5t basilica = ! purposes
 ( ,mohamm$an wor%ip4 ,! mo/ commonplace
 sight-se] f ! we/ feels a ?rill :5 8   
eye falls = ! fir/ "t ^u ! fl>+ cres5t  
:i* surm\nts ,sophia's cupola ) gold5   
gleam2 & ?is emotion deep5s into a feel+
 ( awe at ! my/]i\s disp5sations (      
,provid5ce1 :5 he has /ood b5ea? !      
unalt]$ & /ill /ately dome1 &           
survey$   ,! sanctu>y1 ! :ile ! usurp+  
,moslem pray$4  ,= ori5tal ,*ri/ians1   
?is s5se ( bitt]ness is h>dly second to 
t ) :i* !y reg>d ! ,turki% occupation ( 
,j]usalem itself4 ,9 ! latt]1 h[ev] !y  
may wri! "u ! political supremacy ( _!  
unbeliev+ ma/]1 /ill1 z ! "r ( access to
 ^? monum5ts :i* =m ! peculi> object (  
,*ri/ian v5]ation is practically        
undi/urb$1 !y are sp>$ ! d\ble indignity
 ( religi\s pr(anation sup]-add$ to     
social wrong4 ,b ! mosque ( ,/4 ,sophia 
is1 9 ,*ri/ian eyes1 a /&+ monum5t at   
once ( ,moslem sacrilege & ( ,*ri/ian   
defeat1 ! s5se ( :i* is p]petuat$ &     

embitt]$ by ! pres]vation ( its anci5t1 
b n[ desecrat$ "n4  ,to an imag9ative   
visitor ( ! mod]n mosque1 x might seem z
 if ! /ructure itself 7 n unconsci\s (  
?is wrong4 ,! v position ( ! build+ is a
 k9d ( sil5t prote/ aga9/ ! unholy use  
to :i* its ,turki% ma/]s h p]v]t$ x4 ,l 
all anci5t ,*ri/ian *ur*es1 x 0 built   
exactly 9 ! l9e ( ea/ & we/2 &1 z !     
great alt>1 :i* /ood 9 ! semicircul>    
apse1 0 directly at ! ea/]n po9t ( !    
build+1 ! wor%ipp]s 9 ! old ,/4 ,sophia 
necess>ily fac$ directly ea/w>d2 & all !
 appliances ( _! wor%ip 7 arrang$ ) a   
view to t position4 ,n[1 9 ! exig5cies (
 ,mohamm$an ecclesiology1 s9ce !        
wor%ipp] mu/ turn to ! ,kibla at ,mecca 
7t is1 9 ,con/ant9ople1 to ! s\?-ea/71 !
 mihrab1 or sacr$ ni*e1 9 ! mod]n ,/4   
,sophia is #fdb necess>ily plac$ out ( !
 c5tre ( ! apse2 & ?us ! mimb] 7pulpit71
 ! pray] c>pets1 & ! long ranks (       
wor%ipp]s !mselves1 pres5t an appe>ance 
s+ul>ly at v>iance ) e notion (         
ar*itectural h>mony1 be+ arrang$ 9 l9es1

 n p>allel1 b oblique1 to ! l5g? ( !    
edifice1 & out ( keep+ ) all ! details (
 ! orig9al con/ruction4 ,x is z ?\gh !  
dead walls ( ?is v5]able pile _h reta9$ 
m ( ! _s ( _! f\nd] ?an ! deg5]ate sons 
( ! fall5 ,rome ( ! ea/1 & _h refus$ to 
b5d !mselves at ! w ( t hateful         
dom9ation be=e :i* ! liv+ wor%ipp]s     
tamely yield$ or impot5tly fl$6  ,!     
mosque ( ,/4 ,sophia _h long be5 an     
object ( curi\s int]e/ to travell]s 9 ! 
ea/4 ,_! int]e/1 h[ev]1 _h seldom ris5  
beyond curiosity2 & x 0 direct$ r t[>d  
,/4 ,sophia z x is1 ?an to ! ,*ri/ian   
ev5ts & traditions ) :i* x is connect$4 
,= ^?1 inde$1 :o "k ! grudg+ & caprici\s
 conditions "u :i* alone a ,*ri/ian     
visitor is admitt$ to a mosque1 & !     
jeal\s scrut9y to :i* he is subject$    
dur+ 8 visit1 x w be easy to und]/& h[  
r>e & h[ prec>i\s h be5 ! opportunities 
= a complete or exact /udy ( ?is1 ! mo/ 
important ( all ! monum5ts ( ,byzant9e  
art2 &1 not)/&+ its exce$+ int]e/ =     
antiqu>ian & arti/ic purposes1 f> m (   

our k ( its details 0 d]iv$ f !         
contempor>y description ( ,procopius    
,footnote #abf or ,aga?ias1  ,footnote  
#abg f ! v]ses ( ,paulus ,sil5ti>ius1   
,footnote #abh f ! casual allusions (   
o!r anci5t au?orities1 &1 above all1 f !
 invaluable "w ( ,du ,gauge1 :i* is !   
great rep]tory ( ev]y?+ t has be5 writt5
 ^u anci5t or m$iaeval ,byzantium1 ?an f
 ! obs]vation ev5 ( ! mo/ favor$ mod]n  
visitors ( ,con/ant9ople1 until !       
publication ( ! works nam$ at ! head (  
^! pages4    ,footnote #abf3 ,de        
,edificiis1 lib4 i4 c4 i4      ,footnote
 #abg3 ,pp4 #aeb-c4    ,footnote #abh3  
,a v good ,g]man v]sion1 ) mo/ valuable 
notes1   is app5d$ to ! text (          
,saltz5b]g's ,baud5kmale4  ,= !         
elaborate acc\nt ( ! pres5t condition ( 
! mosque ( ,/4 ,sophia :i* we n[        
possess1 we are indebt$ to ! happy      
necessity by :i* ! ,turki% (ficials1 9  
und]tak+ ! rec5t re/oration ( ! build+1 
7 l$ to engage ! s]vices ( an em95t     
,european ar*itect1 ,*evali] ,fossati1 9

 ^: admirable draw+s1 z li?ograph$ 9 !  
,aya ,s(ia1 e ar* & pill> ( ! /ructure  
is reproduc$4 ,! ar*aeological &        
hi/orical details1 :i* lay beyond !     
prov9ce ( a volume ma9ly pr(essional 9  
its object1 are suppli$ 9 ! le>n$ &     
c>eful "w ( ,m4 ,salz5b]g1 :o dur+ !    
progress ( ! re/oration 0 s5t to        
,con/ant9ople at ! co/ ( ! late ,k+ (   
,prussia1 = ! express purpose ( copy+ & 
describ+ exactly e object :i* might s]ve
 to ?r[ light on ,byzant9e hi/ory1      
religion1 or art1 or on ! hi/ory &      
condition ( ! anci5t *ur* ( ,/4 ,sophia1
 ! mo/ v5]able monum5t ( !m all4  ,nor  
is x possible to imag9e1 "u all !       
circum/ances ( ! case1 a comb9ation (   
opportunities m favorable = ! purpose4  
,f long neglect & injudici\s or         
insuffici5t rep>ation1 ! mosque _h fall5
 into s ru9\s a condition1 t1 9 ! ye>   
#ahdg1 ! late sultan1 ,abdul ,m$jid1    
f\nd x necess>y to direct a se>*+ survey
 ( ! entire build+1 & ev5tually a ?or\gh
 repair4 ,9 ! progress ( ! "w1 :ile     

engag$ ne> ! entrance ( ! nor!rn        
transept1 ,m4 ,fossati discov]$1 b5ea? a
 ?9 coat ( pla/] 7evid5tly laid on to   
conceal ! design f ! eyes ( true        
believ]s7 a beautiful mosaic picture1   
almo/ un9jur$1 & reta9+ all its orig9al 
brilliancy ( color4 ,a fur!r exam9ation 
%[$ t ^! mosaics ext5d$ ?r\gh\t !       
build+2 &1 ) a lib]ality :i* e lov] (   
art mu/ gratefully applaud1 ! sultan at 
once acc$$ to ! sugge/ion ( ,m4         
,fossati1 #fdc & ord]$ t ! pla/] %\ld be
 remov$ ?r\gh\t ! int]ior2 ?us expos+   
once m to view ! orig9al decorations ( !
 anci5t basilica4 ,x 0 :ile ! mosque 0  
/ill cr[d$ ) ! scaffold+ erect$ to c>ry 
on ?is mo/ int]e/+ "w1 t ,m4 ,salz5b]g  
arriv$ 9 ,con/ant9ople4 ,he ?ankfully   
ackn[l$ges ! facilities af=d$ to him1 z 
well by ! ,turki% (ficials z by !       
,*evali] ,fossati2 &1 al?\gh ! specim5s 
( ! purely pictorial decorations ( !    
anci5t *ur* :i* he has publi%$ are n z  
num]\s z ! read] may possibly expect1   
yet !y are extremely *>act]i/ic1 & full 

( religi\s z well z ( hi/orical &       
antiqu>ian int]e/4  ,not)/&+ ! beauty & 
attractiv5ess ( ,m4 ,l\is ,haghe's      
magnific5t li?ographs ( ,*evali]        
,fossati's draw+s publi%$ 9 ! ,aya      
,s(ia1 ! subject has receiv$ 9 ,engl& f>
 less att5tion ?an x des]ves4 ,!re is n 
an incid5t 9 ,byzant9e hi/ory ) :i* !   
*ur* ( ,/4 ,sophia is n associat$4 ,!re 
is n a *>act]i/ic ( ,byzant9e art ( :i* 
x does n conta9 abundant examples4 ,x   
recalls 9 numb]less details1 pres]v$ 9  
monum5ts 9 :i* "t has wr\ght little     
*ange & :i* ! jeal\sy or contempt ( !   
conqu]ors has fail$ to de/roy or ev5 to 
trave/y1 int]e/+ illu/rations ( !       
doctr9e1 ! wor%ip1 & ! discipl9>y usages
 ( ! anci5t ,ea/]n ,*ur*1 :i* are )     
difficulty trac$1 at pres5t1 9 ! liv+   
sy/em ( h] deg5]ate repres5tative4 ,to  
all ^! rese>*es ! wid] cultivation ( art
 & ( hi/ory1 :i* our age has accept$ z  
its call+1 ought to l5d a deep]         
significance & a m solemn int]e/4 ,/4   
,sophia ought no long] to be a m]e l\nge

 = ! sightse] or a spectacle = ! lov] ( 
! picturesque4  ,! hi/ory ( ?is v5]able 
*ur* may be said to rea* back z f> z !  
fir/ selection ( ,byzantium by          
,con/ant9e z ! new capital ( 8 empire4  
,orig9ally1 ! pret5sions ( ,byzantium to
 ecclesia/ical rank 7 suffici5tly       
humble1 its bi%op be+ b a suffragan ( ! 
metropolitan ( ,h]aclea4 ,b1 f ! date ( 
! translation ( ! seat ( empire1        
,con/ant9e's new capital began to rise 9
 dignity4 ,! p]sonal importance :i*     
accru$ to ! bi%op f 8 position at ! c\rt
 ( ! emp]or1 0 soon reflect$ ^u 8 see4  
,! fir/ /eps ( its upw>d progress are   
unrecord$2 b )9 little m ?an half a     
c5tury f ! f\ndation ( ! imp]ial city1 !
 celebrat$ fif? canon ( ! c\ncil :i* 0  
held !re9 9 #cha n only di/9ctly assign$
 to ! ,bi%op ( ,con/ant9ople ! primacy (
 honor1 next aft] ! ,bi%op ( ,rome1 b1  
by alleg+ z ! gr\nd ( ?is prec$5ce !    
pr9ciple t ,con/ant9ople is ! new ,rome1
 laid ! f\ndation ( t rivalry ) ! old]  
,rome :i* _h its f9al issue 9 ! complete

 sep>ation ( ! ,ea/]n f ! ,we/]n ,*ur*4 
,! dignity ( ! see 0 repres5t$ 9 !      
beauty & magnific5ce ( its *ur*es1 &    
especially ( its ca!dral4 ,"o ( !       
consid]ations by :i* ,con/ant9e 0       
influ5c$ 9 ! selection ( ,byzantium = 8 
new capital1 lay 9 ! advantages =       
ar*itectural purposes :i* ! position    
comm&$4 ,! ri* & v>i\s m>bles (         
,proconnesus2 ! unlimit$ supply ( timb] 
f ! =e/s ( ! ,eux9e2 ! arti/ic g5ius & !
 manual dext]ity ( ! ar*itects &        
artisans ( ,greece--all lay )9 easy rea*
 ( ,byzantium2 &1 freely z ,con/ant9e   
avail$ himself ( ^! res\rces = !        
embelli%m5t ( ! new city 9 its palaces1 
its (fices ( /ate1 & its o!r public     
build+s1 ! magnific5ce :i* he exhibit$ 9
 8 *ur*es out/ripp$ all 8 o!r und]tak+s4
 ,( ^! *ur*es by f> ! mo/ magnific5t 0 t
 :i* =ms ! subject ( ! pres5t notice4   
,its title is (t5 a subject (           
misappreh5sion to ^? :o1 be+ accu/om$ to
 reg>d #fdd ,sophia m]ely z a fem99e "n1
 are l$ to suppose t ! *ur* ( ,con/ant9e

 0 d$icat$ to a sa9t s call$4 ,! cal5d>1
 z well ( ! ,greek z ( ! ,lat9 ,*ur*1   
does1 x is true1 commemorate m ?an "o   
sa9t nam$ ,sophia4 ,?us "o ,sophia is   
record$ z hav+ suff]$ m>tyrdom "u       
,adrian1 9 company ) h] ?ree daught]s1  
,fai?1 ,hope1 & ,*>ity4 ,ano!r is said  
to h be5 m>tyr$ 9 "o ( ! latt]          
p]secutions toge!r ) ,/4 ,ir5e2 & a ?ird
 is /ill specially v5]at$ z a m>tyr at  
,f]mo 7! anci5t ,firmum74 ,b x 0 n any (
 ^! t suppli$ ! title ( ,con/ant9e's    
basilica4 ,t *ur* 0 d$icat$ to ! ,greek 
text--! ,,holy ,,wisdom2 t is1 to !     
,div9e ,logos1 or ,^w ( ,god1 "u ! title
 ( ! ,holy ,wisdom1 borr[$ by adaptation
 f ! well-kn[n prophetic allusion       
conta9$ 9 ! eigh? *apt] ( ,prov]bs1 &   
famili> 9 ! !ological language ( ! f\r? 
c5tury4  ,! orig9al *ur*1 h[ev]1 :i*    
,con/ant9e erect$ 9 #cbe-f 0 b ! g]m out
 ( :i* ! latt] ,/4 ,sophia grew4 ,! e>ly
 hi/ory ( ,/4 ,sophia is m>k$ by _m     
vicissitudes1 & comprises1 9 tru?1 !    
hi/ory ( f\r di/9ct *ur*es1 t (         

,con/ant9e1 t ( ,con/antius1 t (        
,!odosius1 & f9ally t ( ,ju/9ian4       
,?irty-f\r ye>s aft] ! f\ndation ( ,/4  
,sophia by ! fir/ ,*ri/ian emp]or1 8    
son1 ,con/antius1 ei!r because ( its    
insuffici5t size1 or ow+ to "s injury   
:i* x _h su/a9$ 9 an e>?quake1 rebuilt  
x1 & unit$ ) x ! adjo9+ *ur* ( ! ,ir5e1 
or peace 7also built by 8 fa!r71 =m+ bo?
 into "o gr& edifice4 ,&1 al?\gh ! *ur* 
( ,con/antius 0 n mu* long] liv$ ?an t (
 8 fa!r1 x is memorable z ! !atre =     
sev]al ye>s ( ! eloqu5ce ( ,/4 ,john    
,*ryso/om1 :ile its de/ruction 0 a      
monum5t at once ( ! triumph & ( ! fall (
 t great fa!r4 ,x 0 )9 ! walls ( ?is    
*ur* t 8 m ?an human eloqu5ce 0 wont to 
draw1 ev5 f ! light & frivol\s audi5ces 
( t pleasure-lov+ city1 plaudits1 !     
notice ( :i* 9 8 own pages reads s      
/range to mod]n eyes4 ,x 0 "h t he      
provok$ ! petty malice ( ! imp]ial      
directress ( fa%ion1 by 8 inimitable    
d5unciation ( ! indelicacy ( female     
dress4 ,"h1 too1 0 enact$ t memorable   

sc5e1 :i*1 = deep dramatic int]e/1 has  
seldom be5 surpass$ 9 hi/ory--! fall5   
m9i/] ,eutropius cl++ to ! alt> ( ,/4   
,sophia = protection aga9/ ! popul>     
fury1 :ile ,*ryso/om1 9 a glori\s       
exordium on ! in/ability ( human        
greatness1  ,footnote #abi dis>ms ! rage
 ( ! populace by excit+ _! commis]ation 
= _! fall5 enemy4 ,nor c we wond] t ^?  
:o _h hung entranc$ ^u t eloqu5t voice  
%\ld1 :5 x 0 sil5c$ by 8 cruel &        
arbitr>y bani%m5t1 h recogniz$ a        
,nemesis 9 ! de/ruction ( ! *ur* :i* _h 
s (t5 e*o$ ) ! gold5 melody ( its tones4
 ,/4 ,sophia1 by a div9e judgm5t1 z ! p 
believ$1 0 de/roy$ = ! second "t 9 #djd1
 9 ! tumult :i* foll[$ ! bani%m5t ( ,/4 
,john ,*ryso/om4    ,footnote #abi3     
,horn1 9 ,eutropium ,patricium4 ,opp4   
tom iii41 p4 #cii   et seq4 7,migne ed47
   ,! ?ird ,/4 ,sophia 0 built 9 #dae by
 ,!odosius ! ,y\ng]4 ,! *ur* ( ,!odosius
 la/$ long] ?an ei!r ( ^? :i* w5t be=e  
x4 ,x endur$ ?r\gh ! long s]ies (       
controv]sies on ! ,inc>nation4 ,x       

witness$ _! fir/ beg9n+1 & x almo/      
surviv$ _! close4 ,x 0 b5ea? ! gold5 ro(
 ( ! ,!odosian basilica t ,ne/orius     
sc&aliz$ ! or?odoxy ( 8 flock1 & gave ! 
fir/ impulse to ! controv]sy :i* be>s 8 
"n1 by applaud+ ! vehem5t decl>ation ( !
 prea*] :o d5i$ to ! ,virg9 ,m>y ! title
 ( "m ( ,god4 ,& x 0 f its ambo or #fde 
pulpit t ! ,emp]or ,z5o promulgat$ 8    
celebrat$ ,h5oticon--! decree ( union by
 :i* he va9ly hop$ to heal ! disa/r\s   
division4 ,! ,/4 ,sophia ( ,!odosius 0 !
 sc5e ( ! fir/ act 9 ! long /ruggle     
betwe5 ,con/ant9ople & ,rome1 ! great   
,acacian s*ism2 :51 at ! haz>d ( 8 life1
 an impetu\s monk1 "o ( ! fi]y          
,sleepless ,bro!rhood1 p9n$ ! papal     
excommunication on ! cope ( ,acacius z  
he 0 advanc+ to ! alt>4 ,& x witness$ ! 
close ( t protract$ conte/1 9 ! complete
 & unres]v$ submission to ,rome :i* 0   
exact$ by ! =mul>y ( ,pope ,hormisdas z 
! condition ( reconciliation4 ,!        
/ructure ( ,!odosius /ood a hundr$ &    
f\rte5 ye>s--f #dae to #ebi1 b p]i%$ at 

l5g? 9 ! fif? ye> ( ,ju/9ian1 9 a disa/]
 :i*1 = a "t1 made ,con/ant9ople all b a
 des]t--! memorable battle ( ! blue &   
gre5 factions ( ! hippodrome1 kn[n 9    
hi/ory z ! ,nika s$ition4  ,! re/oration
 ( ,/4 ,sophia1 :i* _h be5 de/roy$ 9 !  
conflagration caus$ by ! viol5ce ( !    
riot]s1 became1 9 ! view ( ,ju/9ian1 a  
duty ( ,*ri/ian atonem5t no less ?an (  
imp]ial munific5ce4 ,!re is no evid5ce t
 ! burn+ ( ! *ur* arose f any special   
act ( impiety direct$ aga9/ x 9         
p>ticul>2 b x is c]ta9 t ! anci5t feuds 
( ! religi\s p>ties 9 ! ea/ ent]$       
vitally z an elem5t ( discord into ?is  
fatal s$ition2 & ev5 ! soldi]s :o _h be5
 engag$ on ! side ( ! civil p[] 9 !     
repression ( ! tumult1 & :o 7 *iefly    
legion>ies enli/$ f among ! ,h]uli1 !   
mo/ savage ( ! b>b>ian tribes ( !       
empire1 _h contribut$ l>gely to !       
sacrilegi\s enormities by :i*1 ev5 m ?an
 by ! de/ruction ( human life1 !        
religi\s feel+s ( ! city _h be5 outrag$4
  ,! entire hi/ory ( ! recon/ruction    

exhibits mo/ curi\sly ! op]ation ( !    
same impulse4 ,x 0 und]tak5 ) a         
l>ge-h&$ness1 & urg$ on ) an en]gy1 :i* 
bespeak = o!r ?an m]ely human motives4  
,sc>ce _h ,con/ant9ople begun to recov] 
aft] ! s$ition f ! /upor ( its al>m1 & !
 affright$ citiz5s to /eal back f !     
,asiatic %ore to :i* !y _h fl$ 9 t]ror )
 _! families & _! mo/ valuable effects1 
:5 ,ju/9ian commission$ ,an!mius (      
,tralles to prep>e ! plans ( ! new      
basilica1 on a scale ( magnific5ce till 
!n unkn[n4 ,on ! #bc;d ( ,febru>y1 #ecb1
 )9 =ty days f ! cata/rophe1 ! fir/ /one
 ( ! new edifice 0 solemnly laid4       
,ord]s1 to borr[ ! words ( ! *ronicl]1  
,footnote #acj 7 issu$ simultane\sly to 
all ! dukes1 satraps1 judges1 quae/ors1 
& prefects ?r\gh\t ! empire1 to s5d 9 f 
_! sev]al gov]nm5ts pill>s1 p]i/yles1   
bronzes1 gates1 m>bles1 & all o!r       
mat]ials suitable = ! project$ und]tak+4
 ,h[ effici5tly ! ord] 0 c>ri$ out may  
yet be read 9 ! motley1 ?\gh magnific5t 
array ( pill>s & m>bles :i* =m ! mo/    

/rik+ *>act]i/ic ( ,/4 ,sophia1 & :i*   
are = ! mo/ "p1 z we %all see1 ! spoil (
 ! old] glories ( ,roman & ,grecian     
ar*itecture4 ,we %all only m5tion "h    
eight porphyry columns f ! ,temple ( !  
,sun at ,baalbec1 :i* ,aurelian _h s5t  
to ,rome1 & :i*1 hav+ come into !       
possession ( a noble ,roman wid[1 nam$  
,m>cia1 z h] d[ry1 7 pres5t$ by t pi\s  
lady to ,ju/9ian1 z an (f]+ ,greek text1
 = ! ,salvation ( h] s\l4   ,footnote   
#aca    ,footnote #acj3 ,anonymi de     
,antiquit4 ,con/ant9op4 79 ,b&uri's     
,imp]ium ,ori5tale71 p4 #ee4            
,footnote #aca3 ,anonymi1 p4 #ee4       
,inde$1 "s ( ! incid5ts ( ! und]tak+ are
 s curi\s 9 !mselves1 & illu/rate s     
curi\sly ! mann]s & feel+s ( ! age1 t we
 are induc$ to select a few ( !m f among
 a mass ( m or less leg5d>y details1    
suppli$ by ! anonym\s #fdf *ronicl]     
already ref]r$ to1 ^: "w ,b&uri has     
pr9t$ 9 8 ,imp]ium ,ori5tals  ,footnote 
#acb & :o1 if less tru/wor?y ?an        
,procopius or ! ,sil5ti>y1 has pres]v$ a

 mu* great] am\nt ( ! tradition>y gossip
 connect$ ) ! build+4    ,footnote #acb3
 ,"u ! title ,anonymi de ,antiquitatibus
   ,con/ant9opoleos4 ,! ?ird "p is      
devot$ entirely to a ,hi/ory   &        
,description ( ! ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,sophia4   
,= ! va/ly enl>g$ scale ( ,ju/9ian's    
/ructure1 x became necess>y to make     
ext5sive pur*ases 9 ! imm$iate circuit (
 ! anci5t *ur*2 &1 z commonly happ5s1 ! 
dem&s ( ! proprietors rose 9 proportion 
to ! necessity 9 :i* ! imp]ial pur*as] 0
 plac$4 ,x is int]e/+ to contra/ !      
diff]5t _s 9 :i* ea* s\ght to use !     
legal rights ( a proprietor4  ,! fir/ 0 
a wid[1 nam$ ,anna1 ^: t5em5t 0 valu$ by
 ! imp]ial commiss>ies at eighty-five   
p\nds ( gold4 ,?is (f] on ! "p ( !      
commiss>y ! wid[ unhesitat+ly refus$1 & 
decl>$ t %e w\ld consid] h] h\se *eap at
 fifty hundr$-weight ( gold2 b :5       
,ju/9ian1 9 8 anxiety to secure ! site1 
did n hesitate to wait ^u ! wid[ h]self 
9 p]son1 %e 0 s /ruck by 8 condesc5sion1
 & s fir$ by ! contagion ( 8 pi\s       

en?usiasm1 t %e n only surr5d]$ !       
requir$ gr\nd1 b refus$ all paym5t = x 9
 money3 only pray+ t %e might be buri$  
ne> ! spot1 9 ord] t1 f ! site ( h] =m] 
dwell+ itself1 %e might claim !         
pur*ase-money on ! day ( judgm5t4 ,%e 0 
buri$1 accord+ly1 ne> ! ,skeuophylacium1
 or treasury ( ! sacr$ vessels4         
,footnote #acc    ,footnote #acc3       
,anonymi1 p4 #eh4  ,v diff]5t1 b yet    
h>dly less *>act]i/ic ( ! "t1 0 !       
conduct ( "o ,antio*us1 a eunu*1 &      
o/i>ius ( ! palace4 ,8 h\se /ood on !   
spot n[ directly "u ! great dome1 & 0   
valu$ by ! imp]ial surveyor at          
?irty-five p\nds ( gold4 ,b ,antio*us   
exact$ a f> l>g] sum1 & ob/9ately refus$
 to abate 8 dem&4 ,ju/9ian1 9 8         
eag]ness1 0 dispos$ to yield2 b         
,/rategus1 ! prefect ( ! treasury1 begg$
 ! emp]or to leave ! matt] 9 8 h&s1 &   
proce$$ to arre/ ! obdurate proprietor &
 ?r[ him into prison4 ,x *anc$ t        
,antio*us 0 a passionate lov] ( ! sports
 ( ! hippodrome1 & ,/rategus s tim$ !   

p]iod ( 8 imprisonm5t t x w\ld include  
an unusually attractive exhibition 9 !  
hippodrome--:at 9 ! language ( ! mod]n  
turf w\ld be call$ ! be/ meet+ ( !      
season4 ,at fir/ ,antio*us kept up a    
det]m9$ front2 b1 z ! "t ( ! games      
approa*$1 ! temptation prov$ too /rong2 
8 resolution began to wav]2 &1 at l5g?1 
:5 ! morn+ arriv$1 he bawl$ out lu/ily f
 ! prison1 & promis$ t1 if he 7 releas$ 
9 "t to enjoy 8 favorite spectacle1 he  
w\ld yield up possession on ! emp]or's  
own t]ms4 ,by ?is "t ! races _h begun1 &
 ! emp]or _h already tak5 8 seat2 b     
,/rategus did n hesitate to h ! sport   
susp5d$1 l$ ,antio*us at once to !      
emp]or's tribunal1 &1 9 ! mid/ ( !      
assembl$ spectators1 complet$ !         
negotiation4  ,footnote #acd            
,footnote #acd3 ,anonymi p4 #ei4  ,a    
?ird 0 a cobbl]1 call$ by ! classic "n (
 ,x5ophon4 ,8 sole e>?ly possession 0 ! 
/all 9 :i* he ex]cis$ 8 trade1 abutt+ on
 ! wall ( "o ( ! h\ses doom$ to         
demolition 9 ! cle>ance ( ! new site4 ,a

 lib]al price 0 (f]$ = ! /all2 b !      
cobbl]1 al?\gh he did n refuse to       
surr5d] x1 :imsically exact$1 z a       
condition prec$5t1 t ! sev]al factions (
 ! *>iote]s %\ld salute him1 9 ! same   
way z !y salut$ ! emp]or1 :ile pass+ 8  
seat 9 ! hippodrome4 ,ju/9ian agre$2 b  
took :at mu/ be consid]$ an ung5]\s     
advantage ( ! simple man ( lea!r4 ,!    
lett] ( ,x5ophon's4 condition 0         
fulfill$4 ,he 0 plac$ #fdg 9 ! front ( !
 c5tre tribune1 gorge\sly array$ 9 a    
sc>let & :ite robe4 ,! factions1 z !y   
pass$ 8 seat 9 procession1 duly r5d]$ ! 
prescrib$ salute2 b ! poor cobbl] 0     
balk$ ( 8 anticipat$ triumph1 be+       
compell$1 amid ! d]isive *e]s & laught] 
( ! multitude1 to receive ! solute ) 8  
back turn$ to ! assembly6  ,footnote    
#ace    ,footnote #ace3 ,anonymi1 p4    
#ei4   ,b x is ar\nd ! imp]ial build]   
himself t ! incid5ts ( ! hi/ory ( ! "w1 
& /ill m its leg5d>y m>vels1 gr\p       
!mselves 9 ! pages ( ! anonym\s         
*ronicl]4 ,= al?\gh ! *ief ar*itect1    

,an!mius1 0 assi/$ by ,aga?ias1 by      
,isidorus ( ,miletus1 & by a c\ntless   
/aff ( m9or subord9ates1 ,ju/9ian1 f !  
fir/ to ! la/1 may be truly said to h   
be5 ! v life & s\l ( ! und]tak+1 & !    
director ev5 ( its smalle/ details4 ,f !
 mom5t :51 at ! close ( ! inauguratory  
pray]1 he ?rew ! fir/ %ovelful ( mort>  
into ! f\ndation1 till its solemn op5+ =
 wor%ip on ,*ri/mas-day1 #ech1 8        
en?usiasm nev] abat$1 nor did 8 en]gy   
relax4 ,"u ! gl>e ( ! noon-day sun1 :ile
 o!rs 7 indulg+ 9 ! cu/om>y sie/a1      
,ju/9ian 0 to be se51 clad 9 a co>se l95
 tunic1 /aff 9 h&1 & 8 head b\nd ) a    
clo?1 direct+1 enc\rag+1 & urg+ on !    
workm51 /imulat+ ! indu/ri\s by lib]al  
donations1 visit+ ! loit]]s ) 8         
displeasure4 ,"s ( 8 exp$i5ts1 z detail$
 by ! *ronicl]1 are extremely curi\s4   
,we %all m5tion only "o4 ,9 ord] to     
exp$ite ! "w1 x 0 desirable to induce ! 
m5 to "w aft]-h\rs4 ,! natural way (    
effect+ ?is w\ld h be5 to (f] !m a      
proportionate increase ( pay2 b ,ju/9ian

 *ose r to obta9 ! same result          
indirectly4 ,accord+ly1 he 0            
accu/om$--if our au?ority c be reli$    
on--to scatt] a quantity ( co9s ab\t !  
build+2 & ! workm51 afraid to se>* = !m 
9 ! op5 day1 7 l$ to cont9ue _! "w till 
! %ades ( ev5+ began to fall1 9 ord] t  
!y might m securely c>ry (f ! spoil "u  
cov] ( ! d>kness6  ,"s ( ! build+       
op]ations :i* ?is writ] describes are   
equally s+ul>4 ,! mort>1 to secure      
great] t5acity1 0 made ) b>ley-wat]2 !  
f\ndations 7 fill$ up ) huge rectangul> 
masses1 fifty feet long1 ( a concrete ( 
lime & s&1 moi/5$ ) b>ley-wat] & o!r    
glut9\s fluid1 & b\nd toge!r by wick]   
framework4 ,! tiles or bricks ( :i* !   
cupola 0 =m$ 7 made ( ,rhodian clay1 s  
light t twelve ( !m did n exce$ ! weight
 ( "o ord9>y tile4 ,! pill>s &          
buttresses 7 built ( cubical & triangul>
 blocks ( /one1 ) a cem5t made ( lime & 
oil1 sold]$ ) lead1 & b\nd1 )9 & )\t1 ) 
clamps ( iron4  ,x is pla91 h[ev]1 t ^! 
p>ticul>s1 h[ev] curi\s !y may seem1 are

 n to be accept$ implicitly1 at lea/ if 
!y are judg$ by ! palpable incr$ibility 
( "s ( ! o!r /atem5ts ( ! writ]4 ,!     
sup]natural appe>s l>gely z an elem5t 9 
8 hi/ory4 ,on ?ree sev]al occasions1    
accord+ to ?is *ronicl]1 ! emp]or 0     
favor$ ) angelic app>itions1 9 :i* 7    
imp>t$ to him successive in/ructions1   
fir/ z to ! plan ( ! build+1 aga9 z to  
urg+ on its progress1 & f9ally z to f9d+
 funds = its completion4 ,"o ( ^!       
n>ratives is extremely curi\s1 z %[+ !  
int]mixture ( e>? & heav5 9 ! leg5d>y   
notions ( ! "t4 ,a boy1 dur+ ! abs5ce ( 
! masons1 _h be5 left 9 *>ge ( _! tools1
 :51 z ! boy believ$1 "o ( ! eunu*s ( ! 
palace1 9 a respl5d5t :ite dress1 came  
to him1 ord]$ him at once to call back !
 masons1 t ! "w ( heav5 might n be long]
 ret>d$4 #fdh ,on ! boy's refus+ to quit
 ! po/ ( :i* he _h be5 left 9 *>ge1 !   
suppos$ eunu* volunte]$ to take 8 place1
 & swore by ! wisdom ( ,god t he w\ld n 
dep>t f ! place till ! boy %\ld return4 
,ju/9ian ord]$ all ! eunu*s ( ! palace  

to be p>ad$ be=e ! boy2 & on ! boy's    
decl>+ t ! visitor :o _h appe>$ to him 0
 n any ( ! numb]1 at once conclud$ t !  
app>ition 0 sup]natural2 b1 :ile he     
accept$ ! exhortation to great] zeal &  
en]gy 9 =w>d+ ! "w1 he took a *>act]i/ic
 advantage ( ! oa? by :i* ! angel _h    
sworn n to leave ! *ur* till ! return ( 
8 y\?ful mess5g]4 ,)\t p]mitt+ ! boy to 
g back to ! build+ :]e ! angel _h appe>$
 to him1 ,ju/9ian s5t him away to !     
,cyclades = ! re/ ( 8 life1 9 ord] t !  
p]petual pres5ce & protection ( ! angel 
might ?us be secur$ = ! *ur*1 :i* t     
div9e mess5g] 0 pl$g$ nev] to leave till
 ! boy %\ld return to relieve him at 8  
po/6   ,footnote #acf    ,footnote #acf3
 ,anonymi1 p4 #fa4  ,)\t dwell+ fur!r1  
h[ev]1 on ! leg5d>y details1 we %all f9d
 m>vels en\gh 9 ! results1 su* z !y     
appe> 9 ! real hi/ory ( ! build+4 ,&    
p]haps ! greate/ m>vel ( all is !       
%ortness ( ! p]iod 9 :i* s va/ a "w 0   
complet$1 ! new *ur* be+ actually op5$ =
 wor%ip )9 less ?an sev5 ye>s f ! day ( 

! conflagration4 ,t5 ?\s& workm5 7      
employ$ on ! edifice1 if x be true t a  
hundr$ ma/]-build]s1 ea* ( :om _h a     
hundr$ m5 "u him1 7 engag$ to accel]ate 
& complete ! und]tak+4 ,= !             
philosophical /ud5t ( hi/ory1 !re is a  
deep subject ( /udy 9 ! b>e enum]ation (
 ! mat]ials br\ght toge!r = ?is great   
,*ri/ian ent]prise1 & ( ! v>i\s qu>t]s f
 :i* !y 7 collect$4 ,x is n alone ! ri* 
assortm5t ( preci\s m>bles--! spotless  
:ite ( ,p>os2 ! gre5 ( ,croceae2 ! blue 
( ,libya2 toge!r ) p>ti-color$ m>bles 9 
a v>iety h>dly ev] equall$ be=e--! co/ly
 cipoll9e1 ! rose-ve9$ :ite m>ble (     
,phrygia1 ! curi\sly /reak$ black m>ble 
( ,gaul1 & ! c\ntless v>ieties (        
,egyptian porphyry & granite4 ,f> m     
curi\s is x to consid] h[ ! mat]ials ( !
 /ructure 7 select$ s z to pres5t 9     
!mselves a s]ies ( trophies ( ! triumphs
 ( ,*ri/ianity ov] all ! pr\de/ =ms (   
wor%ip 9 ! old _w ( paganism4 ,9 ! =e/ (
 pill>s :i* surr\nd ! dome & su/a9 !    
graceful ar*es ( ! gynaeconitis1 !      

visitor may /ill trace ! spoils ( !     
,temple ( ! ,sun at ,baalbec1 ( ! fam\s 
,temple ( ,diana at ,ephesus1 or t ( !  
,delian ,apollo1 ( ,m9]va at ,a!ns1 (   
,cybele at ,cyzicus1 & ( a ho/ ( less   
di/+ui%$ %r9es ( paganism4 ,:5 ! m]e co/
 ( ! transport ( ^! massive monum5ts to 
,con/ant9ople is tak5 into acc\nt1 all  
wond] ceases at ! va/ness ( ! sums :i*  
are said to h be5 exp5d$ 9 ! "w4 ,x is  
easy to und]/& h[1 be=e ! walls _h ris5 
two cubits f ! gr\nd1 =ty-five ?\s& two 
hundr$ p\nds 7 consum$4   ,footnote #acg
 ,x is n difficult to acc\nt = ! enorm\s
 g5]al taxation1 ! oppressive exactions 
f individuals1 ! p]c5tages on prefects' 
incomes1 & ! d$uctions f ! sal>ies (    
judges & pr(essors1 :i* w5t to swell !  
almo/ fabul\s aggregate ( ! exp5diture2 
& !re is p]haps an economical lesson 9 !
 leg5d ( ! app>ition ( ! angel1 :o1 :5 !
 build+ _h ris5 z f> z ! cupola1        
conduct$ ! ma/] ( ! imp]ial treasury to 
a subt]ranean vault 9 :i* eighty hundr$ 
weight ( gold 7 discov]$ ready = !      

completion ( ! "w6   ,footnote #ach     
,footnote #acg3 ,gibbon's ,decl9e &     
,fall1 vol4 iii4 p4 #fcc4    ,footnote  
#ach3 ,anonymi1 p4 #fb4  ,ev5           
indep5d5tly ( ! build+ itself & its     
arti/ic decorations1 ! value ( ! sacr$  
furniture & appliances exce$$ all t _h  
ev] be=e be5 devis$4 ,! s$ilia ( ! #fdi 
prie/s & ! ?rone ( ! patri>* 7 ( silv]  
gilt4 ,! dome ( ! tab]nacle 0 ( pure    
gold1 ornam5t$ ) gold5 lilies1 &        
surm\nt$ by a gold cross sev5ty-five    
p\nds weight & encru/$ ) preci\s /ones4 
,all ! sacr$ vessels--*alices1 beak]s1  
ew]s1 di%es1 & pat5s1 7 ( gold4 ,!      
c&elabra :i* /ood on ! alt>1 on ! ambo1 
& on ! upp] gynaeconitis2 ! two colossal
 c&elabra plac$ at ei!r side ( ! alt>2 !
 dome ( ! ambo2 ! sev]al crosses )9 !   
bema2 ! pill>s ( ! icona/asis2 ! cov]s (
 ! sacr$ books--all 7 likewise ( gold1 &
 _m ( !m load$ ) pe>ls1 diamonds1 &     
c>buncles4 ,! sacr$ l95s ( ! alt> & !   
communion clo?s 7 embroid]$ ) gold &    
pe>ls4 ,b :5 x came to ! con/ruction ( !

 alt> itself1 no s+le "o ( ^! co/ly     
mat]ials 0 consid]$ suffici5tly preci\s4
 ,pi\s +5uity 0 task$ to its utmo/ to   
devise a new & ri*] sub/ance1 & ! table 
( ! great alt> 0 =m$ ( a comb9ation (   
all v>ieties ( preci\s mat]ials4 ,into !
 /ill fluid mass ( molt5 gold 7 ?r[n    
pe>ls & o!r gems1 rubies1 cry/als1      
topazes1 sapphires1 onyxes1 & ame?y/s1  
bl5d$ 9 su* proportions z might seem be/
 suit$ to enhance to ! highe/ imag9able 
limit ! co/l9ess ( :at 0 prep>$ z !     
?rone ( ! ,mo/ ,high on e>?6 ,& to ?is  
comb9ation ( all t is mo/ preci\s 9     
nature1 art add$ all ! weal? at its     
disposal1 by ! ri*ness ( ! *as+ & !     
elaborat5ess & beauty ( ! design4  ,!   
total co/ ( ! /ructure has be5 v>i\sly  
e/imat$4 ,x am\nt$1 accord+ to ! anci5t 
au?orities1 to ?ree hundr$ & tw5ty ?\s& 
p\nds2 b :e!r ^! 7 ( silv] or ( gold is 
n expressly /at$4 ,gibbon  ,footnote    
#aci leaves x to ea* read]1 accord+ to !
 measure ( 8 belief1 to e/imate x 9 "o  
or ! o!r metal2 b ,mr4 ,neale  ,footnote

 #adj is n det]r$ by ! sne] ( ,gibbon f 
express+ 8 belief t gold mu/ be int5d$4 
,accord+ to ?is supposition !           
exp5diture1 if ?is c be believ$         
possible1 w\ld h rea*$ ! enorm\s sum (  
?irte5 millions /]l+6    ,footnote #aci3
 ,decl9e & ,fall1 vol4 iii41 p4 #ebc4   
,footnote #adj3 ,ea/]n ,*ur*1 vol4 i41  
p4 #bcg4    ,x 01 no d\bt1 ) pr(\nd     
self-gratulation t1 at ! end ( almo/ six
 ye>s ( anxi\s toil1 ,ju/9ian receiv$ ! 
intellig5ce ( ! completion ( ?is great  
labor ( love4 ,at 8 special entreaty1 ! 
la/ details _h be5 urg$ =w>d ) headlong 
ha/e1 9 ord] t all might be ready = !   
great fe/ival ( ,*ri/mas 9 ! ye> #ech2 &
 8 ar*itect _h n disappo9t$ 8 hopes4    
,!re is "s unc]ta9ty z to ! precise date
 ( ! d$ication2 & inde$ x is probable t 
! fe/ival may h ext5d$ ov] sev]al days1 
& ?us h be5 assign$ to diff]5t dates by 
diff]5t writ]s4 ,b :5 x came 7probably  
on ,*ri/mas eve1 ,decemb] #bd1 #ech7 x 0
 a day ( triumph = ,ju/9ian4 ,a ?\s&    
ox51 a ?\s& %eep1 a ?\s& sw9e1 six      

hundr$ de]1 t5 ?\s& p\ltry1 & ?irty ?\s&
 measures ( corn1 7 di/ribut$ to ! poor4
 ,l>gesses to a fabul\s am\nt 7 divid$  
among ! p4 ,! emp]or1 att5d$ by !       
patri>* & all ! great (fic]s ( /ate1 w5t
 9 procession f 8 palace to ! entrance (
 ! *ur*4 ,b1 f t spot1 z ?\gh he w\ld   
claim to be alone 9 ! f9al act ( (f]+1  
,ju/9ian ran1 unatt5d$1 to ! foot ( !   
ambo1 & ) arms out/ret*$ & lift$ up 9 ! 
attitude ( pray]1 exclaim$ 9 words :i* !
 ev5t has made memorable3 ,glory to     
,god1 :o ha? acc\nt$ me wor?y ( su* a   
"w6 ,i h conqu]$ !e1 ,o ,solomon6       
,ju/9ian's works 9 ,/4 ,sophia1 h[ev]1 7
 n de/9$ to cease ) ?is fir/ completion 
( ! build+4 ,not)/&+ ! c>e be/[$ on #fej
 ! dome1 ! selection ( ! lighte/        
mat]ials = x1 & ! sci5ce employ$ 9 its  
con/ruction1 an e>?quake :i* occurr$ 9 !
 ye> #eeh ov]?rew ! semi-dome at ! ea/  
end ( ! *ur*4 ,its fall 0 foll[$ by t ( 
! ea/]n half ( ! great dome itself2 & 9 
! ru9 p]i%$ ! alt>1 ! tab]nacle1 & !    
:ole bema1 ) its co/ly furniture &      

appurt5ances4 ,?is cata/rophe1 h[ev]1   
only suppli$ a new inc5tive to ! zeal ( 
,ju/9ian4 ,an!mius & 8 fell[-labor]s 7  
n[ dead1 b ! task ( repair+ ! injury 0  
entru/$ to ,isidorus ! ,y\ng]1 nephew ( 
! ,isidorus :o _h be5 associat$ )       
,an!mius 9 ! orig9al con/ruction ( !    
*ur*4 ,x 0 complet$1 & ! *ur* r$$icat$1 
at ! ,*ri/mas ( ! ye> #efa2 nor c x be  
d\bt$ t ! *ange :i* ,isidorus n[        
introduc$ 9 ! proportions ( ! dome1 by  
add+ tw5ty-five feet to its height1     
contribut$ mat]ially z well to !        
elegance ( ! dome itself z to ! g5]al   
beauty ( ! *ur* & ! h>mony ( its sev]al 
p>ts4  ,! *ur* ( ,ju/9ian ?us complet$  
may be reg>d$ z sub/antially ! same     
build+ :i* is n[ ! *ief temple ( ,islam4
 ,! few modifications :i* x has und]gone
 w be m5tion$ 9 ! prop] place2 b x may  
be conv5i5t to describe ! build+1 su* z 
x came f ! h&s ( its fir/ f\nd]1 be=e we
 proce$ to its lat] hi/ory4  ,/4        
,sophia1 9 its primitive =m1 may be tak5
 z ! type ( ,byzant9e ecclesiology 9    

almo/ all its details4 ,al?\gh its walls
 enclose :at may be r\ghly  ,footnote   
#ada call$ a squ>e ( #bda feet1 !       
int]nal plan is n inaptly describ$ z a  
,greek cross1 ( :i* ! nave & transepts  
con/itute ! arm1 :ile ! aisles1 :i* are 
surm\nt$ by ! gynaeconitis1 or wom5's   
gall]y1 may be said to complete x into a
 squ>e1 )9 :i* ! cross is inscrib$4 ,!  
head ( ! cross is prolong$ at ! ea/]n   
extremity into a slightly project+ apse4
 ,! aisle is approa*$ at its we/]n end  
?r\gh a d\ble n>!x or por*1 ext5d+ ov] !
 entire bread? ( ! build+1 & ab\t #ajj  
feet 9 dep?2 s t ! :ole l5g? ( !        
/ructure1 f ! ea/]n wall ( ! apse to !  
wall ( ! out] por*1 is ab\t #cdj feet4  
,9 ! c5tre1 f f\r massive pi]s1 rises ! 
great dome1 b5ea? :i*1 to ! ea/ & to !  
we/1 spr+ two great semi-domes1 ! ea/]n 
support$ by ?ree1 ! we/]n by two1       
semi-domes ( small] dim5sions4 ,! c5tral
 ( ! ?ree less] semi-domes1 to ! ea/1   
con/itutes ! ro( ( ! apse to :i*        
allusion has already be5 made4 ,! pi]s (

 ! dome 7diff]+ 9 ?is respect f ^? ( ,/4
 ,pet]'s at ,rome7 pres5t f )9 a s+ul>ly
 light & elegant appe>ance2 !y are      
nev]!less con/ruct$ ) great /r5g? &     
solidity1 support$ by f\r massive       
buttresses1 :i*1 9 ! ext]ior1 rise z    
high z ! base ( ! dome1 & are capaci\s  
en\gh to conta9 ! ext]ior /aircases ( ! 
gynaeconitis4 ,! lightness ( ! dome-pi]s
 is 9 great "p due to ! lightness ( !   
mat]ials ( ! dome itself already        
describ$4 ,! diamet] ( ! dome at its    
base is #ajj feet1 its height at !      
c5tral po9t above ! floor is #agi feet1 
! orig9al height1 be=e ! recon/ruction 9
 #efa1 hav+ be5 tw5ty-five feet less4   
,footnote #adb ,! effect ( ?is          
comb9ation ( domes1 semi-domes1 & plane 
ar*es1 on ent]+ ! nave1 is s+ul>ly      
/rik+4 ,x con/itutes1 9 ! op9ion ( !    
au?ors ( ,byzant9e ,ar*itecture1 :at may
 reg>d$ z ! *>act]i/ic beauty be ( ,/4  
,sophia2 & ! effect is height5$ 9 !     
mod]n mosque by ! nak$ness ( ! l[] "p ( 
! #fea build+1 & by ! abs5ce ( ^?       

appurt5ances ( a ,*ri/ian *ur*1--z !    
alt>1 ! scre51 & ! ambo1--:i*1 by arre/+
 ! eye 9 m m9ute obs]vation1 )drew x 9 !
 ,*ri/ian times f ! g5]al proportions ( 
! /ructure4 ,?is effect ( lightness is  
also increas$ by num]\s w9d['s1 :i*     
encircle ! tympanum4 ,!y are tw5ty-f\r 9
 numb]1 small1 l[1 & circul>-head$2 & 9 
! spaces betwe5 !m spr+ ! tw5ty-f\r     
gro9$ ribs ( ! dome1 :i* meet 9 ! c5tre 
& divide ! vault into tw5ty-f\r equal   
segm5ts4 ,! int]ior 0 ri*ly decorat$ )  
mosaic "w4 ,at ! f\r angles b5ea? ! dome
 7 f\r colossal figures ( w+$ s]aphim2 &
 f ! summit ( ! dome look$ d[n t maje/ic
 face ( ,*ri/ ! ,sov]eign ,judge1 :i*   
/ill rema9s ! lead+ type ( our ,"l's    
c\nt5ance 9 ! s*ool ( ,byzant9e art1 &  
ev5 9 ! ,lat9 reproductions ( x fills ! 
m9d ) a feel+ ( rev]5ce & awe1 h>dly to 
be equall$ by any o!r production (      
,*ri/ian art4 ,! ext]ior ( ! dome is    
cov]$ ) lead1 & x 0 orig9ally surm\nt$  
by a /ately cross1 :i* 9 ! mod]n mosque 
is replac$ by a gigantic cresc5t fifty  

y>ds 9 diamet]2 on ! gild+ ( ?is ornam5t
 ,murad ,,iii4 exp5d$ #ej1jjj ducats1 & 
! glitt] ( x 9 ! sun%9e is said to be   
visible f ! summit ( ,m\nt ,olympus--a  
di/ance ( a hundr$ miles4 ,to an eye    
accu/om$ to ! convexity ( ! cupola (    
we/]n *ur*es1 ! int]ior height ( ! dome 
( ,sophia is p]haps some:at disappo9t+1 
especially consid]+ ! "n a]ial1 by :i* x
 is call$ by ! anci5t au?orities4 ,?is  
"n1 h[ev]1 0 giv5 to x1 n s mu* to      
convey ! idea ( lightness or air9ess 9 !
 /ructure1 z because its proportions1 z 
design$ by ! ar*itect1 7 int5d$ to      
repres5t or reproduce ! suppos$         
convexity ( ! a]ial vault itself4       
,footnote #ada3 ,?is is n exactly true4 
,! precise dim5sions (   ! build+       
7exclud+ ! apse & n>!x7 are #bda feet by
 #bbf   feet4     ,footnote #adb3 ,lat] 
,greek au?orities1 = ! purpose ( exalt+ 
! glories ( ! old] *ur*1 allege t !     
second dome is    fifte5 feet l[] ?an ! 
fir/2 & ev5 ,von ,hamm]                 
7,con/ant9ople und d] ,bosporus1 vol4   

i41 p4 #cdf7 adopts ?is    view4 ,b     
,zon>as & ! old] writ]s agree t ! height
 0    increas$ by tw5ty-five feet4 ,see 
,neale's ,ea/]n ,*ur*1 vol4    i41 p4   
#bci4  ,) ,ju/9ian's ,/4 ,sophia beg9s  
:at may be call$ ! second or classic    
p]iod ( ,byzant9e ar*aeology4 ,x is     
prop]1 !re=e1 t we %\ld describe1 al?\gh
 ( necessity v briefly1 its g5]al outl9e
 & arrangem5ts4  ,) v few exceptions1 ! 
,greek *ur*es ( ! e>li] p]iod 7includ+ !
 old] *ur* ( ,/4 ,sophia1 :e!r z        
orig9ally built by ,con/ant9e & re/or$  
by 8 son1 or z rebuilt by ,!odosius7 7 (
 t oblong =m :i* ! ,greeks call$ dromic 
& :i* is kn[n 9 ! we/ z ! type ( !      
basilica4 ,! pres5t ,/4 ,sophia1 on !   
contr>y1 may be reg>d$ z practically !  
type ( ! cruci=m /ructure4 ,?is cruci=m 
appe>ance1 h[ev]1 is1 z has be5 already 
expla9$1 conf9$ to ! int]nal arrangem5t1
 ! ext]ior pres5t+ ! appe>ance ( a      
squ>e1 or if ! por* be reg>d$ z "p ( !  
*ur*1 ( an oblong rectangle4  ,to beg9 )
 ! n>!x or por*3--,t ( ,/4 ,sophia is   

d\ble1 consi/+ ( an out] 7exon>?cx7 z   
well z an inn] 7eson>!x7 por*4 ,mo/     
,byzant9e *ur*es h b a s+le n>!x--(t5 a 
lean-to aga9/ ! we/]n wall2 & 9 "s few  
*ur*es ! n>!x is altoge!r want+4 ,b 9   
,/4 ,sophia x is a sub/antive "p ( !    
edifice2 &1 ! ro( ( ! inn] comp>tm5t be+
 ar*$1 x =ms ! sub/ructure ( ! we/]n    
gynaeconitis1 or wom5's *oir1 :i* is    
also c>ri$ ^u a s]ies ( unrivall$ ar*es 
support$ by pill>s1 mo/ ( :i* are       
hi/orical1 ar\nd ! nor!rn & s\!rn sides 
( ! nave4 ,! out] por* is comp>atively  
pla91 & communicates ) ! inn] "o by five
 m>ble doorways 7( :i* "o is n[ wall$   
up71 ! doors be+ ( bronze1 wr\ght 9     
floriat$ crosses1 /ill di/+ui%able1     
al?\gh mu* mutilat$ by ! ,turki%        
occupants4 ,! inn] por* is mu* m ri*1 ! 
floor ( wat]$ m>ble1 & ! walls l9$ )    
m>bles ( v>i\s colors & ) ri*ly c>v$    
alaba/]4 ,x op5s on #feb ! *ur* by n9e  
gates ( highly-wr\ght bronze2 ov] !     
c5tral portal is a well-pres]v$ gr\p 9  
mosaic1 be>+ ! inscription3 ,greek      

text--& repres5t+ our ,"l1 ) ! ,virg9 & 
,/4 ,john ! ,bapti/ on ei!r h&1 9 ! act 
( giv+ ) uplift$ "r h& 8 b5$iction to an
 emp]or 7no d\bt ,ju/9ian7 pro/rate at 8
 feet4 ,?is gr\p is repres5t$ 9 "o ( ,m4
 ,salz5b]g's plates2 & x is specially   
int]e/+ = ! comm5t>y1 explanatory ( !   
attitude ( our ,"l1 giv5 9 ! poem (     
,paul ! ,sil5ti>y1 accord+ to :om !     
position ( our ,"l's f+]s repres5ts1 9 !
 language ( signs !n receiv$1 ! initial 
& f9al lett]s ( ! sacr$ "n1 ,greek text3
  ,greek text  ,! out/ret*$ =ef+] meant 
,i2 ! b5t second f+]1 ,c or sigma2 !    
?ird f+] appli$ to ! ?umb1 ,x2 & !      
little f+]1 sigma4 ,x may also be not$ t
 ,ju/9ian 9 ?is curi\s gr\p is repres5t$
 ) ! nimbus4 ,dur+ ! progress ( !       
re/oration ( ! build+ 9 #ahdg1 ?is      
mosaic 0 uncov]$1 & exactly copi$2 b l  
all ! o!r mosaics :i* conta9            
repres5tations ( ! human =m1 x has be5  
cov]$ ) canvas1 & aga9 c>efully coat$ ) 
pla/]4 ,x 0 on ! phiale or f\nta9 ( !   
out] c\rt ( ?is n>!x t ! fam\s          

pal9dromic inscription 0 plac$3         
,greek text   ,wa% ?y s9s1 n ?y         
c\nt5ance only4  ,! int]ior ( ,/4       
,sophia1 exclusive ( ! wom5's *oir1     
consi/$ ( ?ree great divisions--! nave1 
:i* 0 ! place ( ! laity2 ! soleas1 or   
*oir1 :i* 0 assign$ to ! assi/+ cl]gy ( 
! v>i\s grades2 & ! bema1 or sanctu>y1 !
 semi-circul> apse at ! ea/]n end 9 :i* 
! sacr$ my/]ies 7 celebrat$1 %ut (f f ! 
soleas by ! incona/asis or scre51 &     
flank$ by two small]1 b simil>1         
semicircul> recesses2 ! diaconicon1     
correspond+ ) ! mod]n ve/ry2 & !        
pro!sis1 9 :i* ! bread & w9e 7 prep>$ = 
! eu*>i/ic (f]+1 :5ce !y 7 c>ri$1 9 !   
procession call$ ! ,great ,entrance1 to 
! high alt> )9 ! bema4  ,! position ( ^!
 sev]al p>ts is /ill g5]ally traceable 9
 ! mod]n mosque1 al?\gh1 ! divisions    
hav+ be5 all swept away1 !re is "s      
controv]sy z to details4  ,! nave1 (    
c\rse1 occupies ! we/]n end1 & is ent]$ 
directly f ! por*4 ,x 0 sep>at$ f !     
soleas1 or *oir1 at ! ambo--! pulpit1 or

 m prop]ly gall]y1 :i* 0 us$ n only =   
prea*+1 b also = ! read+ or *ant+ ( !   
lessons & ! gospel1 = ecclesia/ical     
ann\ncem5ts or proclamations1 & 9 ,/4   
,sophia = ! coronation ( ! emp]or4 ,!   
ambo ( ,/4 ,sophia 0 a v massive &      
/ately /ructure ( ri* & co/ly mat]ial & 
( mo/ elaborate workman%ip2 x 0 cr[n$ by
 a canopy or balda*91 surm\nt$ by a     
solid gold5 cross a hundr$ p\nds 9      
weight4 ,all trace ( ! ambo has long    
disappe>$ f ! mosque2 b f ! numb] (     
cl]gy1 prie/s1 deacons1 subdeacons1     
lectors1 & s+]s 7numb]+1 ev5 on ! r$uc$ 
scale prescrib$ by ,ju/9ian1 #che7 :i* !
 soleas 0 design$ to accommodate1 z well
 z f o!r indications1 x is believ$ t !  
ambo1 :i* 0 at ! extreme end ( ! soleas1
 mu/ h /ood "u ! dome1 a little to ! ea/
 ( ! c5tre4 ,! seat ( ! emp]or 0 on !   
left side ( ! soleas1 imm$iately bel[ ! 
seats ( ! prie/s1 close to ! ambo1 &    
opposite to ! ?rone ( ! patri>*4 ,!     
seats assign$ 9 ! pres5t patri>*al *ur* 
to ! pr9ces ( ,walla*ia & ,moldavia     

correspond 9 position to ^? =m]ly       
occupi$ by ! ?rone ( ! emp]or & are     
directly opposite t ( ! patri>*4 ,beside
 its sacr$ uses1 ! ambo ( ,/4 ,sophia 0 
#fec ! sc5e ( _m a /rik+ incid5t 9      
,byzant9e hi/ory4 ,! read] ( ,gibbon w  
recall ! graphic picture ( ,h]acleonas  
compell$ by ! turbul5t multitude to     
appe> 9 ! ambo ( ,/4 ,sophia ) 8 infant 
nephew 9 8 arms = ! purpose ( receiv+ _!
 homage to ! *ild z emp]or2 ,footnote   
#adc or 8 /ill m vivid description ( !  
five sons ( ,copronimus1 ( :om ! elde/1 
,nicephorus1 _h be5 made bl9d1 & ! o!r  
f\r _h _! tongues cut out1 escap+ f _!  
dungeon & tak+ sanctu>y 9 ,/4 ,sophia4  
,!re are few m t\*+ /ories 9 all !      
bloody annals ( ,byzantium ?an t :i*    
pres5ts ! bl9d ,nicephorus employ+ t    
faculty ( spee* :i* _h be5 sp>$ 9 him   
alone1 by appeal+ f ! ambo on behalf ( 8
 mute bro!rs to ! pity & protection ( ! 
p6  ,footnote #add    ,footnote #adc3   
,decl9e & ,fall1 vol4 iv44 p4 #djc4     
,footnote #add3 ,ibid41 vol4 iv41 p4    

#dac4   ,b x 0 ^u ! bema ( ,/4 ,sophia1 
z we h already se51 t ! weal? & pi\s    
munific5ce ( ,ju/9ian 7 mo/ lavi%ly     
exp5d$4 ,x 0 %ut (f f ! soleas by !     
incona/asis1 :i* 9 ,byzant9e art is a   
scre5 resembl+1 9 all except its        
position1 ! rood-scre5 ( we/]n          
ar*itecture1 & d]iv$ its "n f ! sacr$   
pictures 7,greek text7 repres5t$ ^u x4  
,9 t ( ,/4 ,sophia ! mat]ial 0 silv]1 ! 
l[] "p be+ highly wr\ght ) arabesque    
devices1 & ! upp] compos$ ( twelve      
pill>s1 tw9$ two & two1 & sep>at$ by    
panels on :i* 7 depict$ 9 oval m$allions
 ! figures ( our ,"l1 8 ,virg9 ,"m1 & ! 
prophets & apo/les4 ,x _h ?ree doors2 ! 
c5tral "o 7call$ ,greek text1 sacr$     
door7 lead+ directly to ! alt>1 t on !  
"r to ! diaconicon1 & t on ! left to !  
pro!sis4 ,! figures on ei!r side ( !    
c5tral door1 foll[+ :at appe>s to h be5 
! univ]sal rule1 7 ^? ( our ,"l & !     
,virg91 & above ! door /ood a massive   
cross ( gold4 ,! alt>1 ) its canopy or  
tab]nacle1 has be5 already describ$4 ,! 

syn?ronus1 or b5* ) /alls1 = ! (ficiat+ 
bi%op & cl]gy1 are at ! back ( ! alt>   
along ! circul> wall ( ! bema4 ,! seats 
7 ( silv] gilt4 ,! pill>s :i* sep>at$ !m
 7 ( pure gold4 ,all ?is co/ly & gorge\s
 /ructure has ( c\rse disappe>$ f !     
mod]n mosque4 ,! eye n[ ranges )\t      
int]ruption f ! entrance ( ! royal doors
 to ! v extremity ( ! bema2--! only     
objects to arre/ obs]vation be+ !       
sultan's gall]y 7maksure71 :i* /&s at ! 
left or nor? side ( ! bema2 ! mimb]1 or 
pulpit = ! ,friday pray]1 :i* is plac$  
at ! "r or s\!rn end ( ! anci5t         
incona/asis2 ! mahfil1 or ord9>y prea*+ 
pulpit1 9 ! c5tre ( ! mosque2 & !       
mihrab1 or sacr$ ni*e1 :i* is at !      
s\?-ea/ side ( ! bema4  ,x 0 m          
difficult1 9 conv]t+ ! *ur* into a      
mosque1 to get rid ( ! num]\s sacr$     
pictures 9 gold & mosaic :i* adorn$ !   
walls & ar*es4 ,accord+ly1 in/ead (     
attempt+ to remove or de/roy !m1 !      
,moslem invad]s ( ! *ur* 7 cont5t )     
cov]+ all ^! ,*ri/ian repres5tations ) a

 coat ( pla/]2 & ?us 9 ! late rep>ation 
( ! mosque1 ! ar*itect1 hav+ remov$ !   
pla/]1 0 enabl$ to h copies made ( all !
 gr\ps :i* /ill rema9$ un9jur$4 ,( !    
pr9cipal ( !m ,m4 ,salz5b]g has giv5    
fac-similes4 ,on ! great we/]n ar* 0    
repres5t$ ! ,virg9 ,m>y1 ) ,/s4 ,pet] & 
,paul4 ,on ! side walls ( ! nave1 above 
! wom5's *oir ^u ei!r side1 7 figures1 9
 "p n[ defac$1 ( prophets1 m>tyrs1 & o!r
 sa9ts4 ,m4 ,salz5b]g has reproduc$ 9 8 
volume ,/s4 ,an!mius1 ,basil1 ,gregory1 
,dionysius ! ,areopagite1 ,nicolas (    
,myra1 ,gregory ! ,arm5ian apo/le1 & !  
prophets ,j]emiah1 ,isaiah1 & ,habakkuk4
 ,on ! great ea/]n ar* 0 a gr\p consi/+ 
( ! ,virg9 ,m>y1 ,/4 ,john ! ,bapti/1 & 
#fed ! ,emp]or ,john ,palaeologus1 ! la/
 ,*ri/ian re/or] ( ! build+2 b ^!       
figures--& /ill m ! gr\p :i* decorat$ ! 
ar* ( ! bema1 our ,"l1 ! ,virg91 & !    
,ar*angel ,mi*ael--are n[ mu* defac$4   
,mu* to ! cr$it ( ! late sultan1 h[ev]1 
he n only decl9$ to p]mit ! removal ( ^!
 relics ( anci5t ,*ri/ian art1 b gave   

ord]s t e means %\ld be tak5 to pres]ve 
!m2 at ! same "t direct+ t !y %\ld be   
c>efully conceal$ f ,moslem eyes1 z     
be=e1 by a cov]+ ( pla/]1 ! out] surface
 ( :i* is decorat$ 9 h>mony ) ^?        
portions ( ! anci5t mosaic1 :i*1 n      
conta9+ any object inconsi/5t ) !       
,moslem wor%ip1 h be5 re/or$ to _!      
orig9al condition4 ,accord+ly1 ! w+$    
s]aphim at ! angles ( ! buttresses :i*  
support ! dome h be5 pres]v$1 &1 to a   
,*ri/ian visitor1 appe> 9 /range contra/
 ) ! gigantic ,arabic inscriptions 9    
gold & colors :i* arre/ ! eye ^u ei!r   
side ( ! nave & )9 ! dome1 commemorat+ !
 f\r companions ( ! ,prophet1 ,abu-bekr1
 ,om>1 ,osman1 & ,ali4  ,b !re is "o    
*>act]i/ic ( ,/4 ,sophia :i* nei!r "t   
nor ! revolutions :i* "t has br\ght h   
be5 able to efface or ev5 sub/antially  
to modify--! /rik+ly graceful & elegant1
 al?\gh f> f classically correct1 gr\p+ 
( ! pill>s :i* support ! less] semidomes
 & ! wom5's *oir4 ,x w\ld be impossible1
 )\t ! aid ( a plan1 to convey any idea 

( ! arrangem5t ( ?is mat*less assemblage
 ( columns1 :i*1 z we h already obs]v$1 
are ev5 less preci\s = ! intr9sic       
ri*ness & beauty ( _! mat]ial ?an = !   
int]e/+ associations :i* _! pres5ce 9 a 
,*ri/ian temple involves4 ,mo/ ( ^! may 
/ill be id5tifi$4 ,! eight r$ porphyry  
pill>s /&+1 two & two1 "u ! semi-domes  
at ei!r end ( ! nave1 are ! celebrat$   
columns f ! ,temple ( ! ,sun1 already   
record$ z ! gift ( ,m>cia1 (f]$ by h] = 
! salvation ( h] s\l4 ,! eight pill>s ( 
gre5 s]p5t9e :i* support ! wom5's *oir1 
at ei!r side ( ! nave1 are f ! ,temple (
 ,diana at ,ephesus2 & among ! rema9+   
pill>s on ! gr\nd floor1 tw5ty-f\r 9    
numb]1 arrang$ 9 gr\ps ( f\r1 are /ill  
po9t$ out repres5tatives ( almo/ e =m ( 
! old5 wor%ip ( ! ,roman empire--spoils 
( ! pagan temples ( ,a!ns1 ,delos1      
,troas1 ,cyzicus1 & o!r sanctu>ies ( !  
hea!n gods4  ,less gr&1 b h>dly less    
graceful1 are ! gr\ps ( pill>s1         
sixty-sev5 9 numb]1 9 ! wom5's *oir     
above ! aisles & ! inn] por*4 ,!        

occasional abs5ce ( uni=mity :i* !y     
pres5t1 diff]+ f ea* o!r 9 mat]ial1 9   
color1 9 /yle1 & ev5 9 height1 al?\gh x 
may (f5d ! rules ( art1 is by no means  
ungrateful to ! eye4 ,9 ! total numb] ( 
! pill>s ( ,/4 ,sophia1 :i* is ! brok5  
numb] "o hundr$ & sev51 !re is suppos$  
to be a my/ic allusion to ! sev5 pill>s 
( ! ,h\se ( ,wisdom4  ,footnote #ade    
,footnote #ade3 ,prov]bs ix4 #a4  ,su* 0
 ,/4 ,sophia 9 ! days ( its e>ly        
glory--a fitt+ !atre = ! /ately         
c]emonial :i* con/itut$ ! peculi>       
*>act]i/ic ( ! ,byzant9e c\rt & ,*ur*4  
,on all ! great fe/ivals ( !            
ye>--,*ri/mas1 ,epiphany1 ,palm ,sunday1
 ,ea/]1 ,p5teco/1 & ! ,asc5sion2 at !   
c]emony ( ! emp]or's coronation2 at     
imp]ial m>riages2 & on occasions1 m r>e 
9 ! +lori\s annals ( ! ,l[] ,empire1 (  
imp]ial triumphs1--! emp]or1 att5d$ by !
 full array ( 8 family ,i & c\rt1 w5t 9 
/ate to ,/4 ,sophia & assi/$ at !       
celebration ( ! div9e my/]ies4 ,! emp]or
 himself1 ) 8 di/9ctive purple busk9s & 

close ti>a2 ! ,caes>1 #fee &1 9 lat]    
times1 ! ,seba/ocrator1 9 gre5 busk9s & 
op5 ti>a2 ! ,despots1 ! ,panhyp]seba/os1
 & ! ,protoseba/os2 ! long & c>efully   
graduat$ l9e ( function>ies1 civil &    
milit>y--! ,curopalata1 ! ,logo!te &    
,great ,logo!te1 ! ,dome/ic & ,great    
,dome/ic1 ! ,pro/o/rator1 ! ,/ratosp$>*1
 ! ,protospa?>ius1 ! ,great             
,a,eteriarch1 & ! ,acoly?1 ) ! sev]al   
tra9s ( att5dants 9 appropriate co/ume  
:i* belong$ to ea* dep>tm5t1--comb9$ to 
=m an array = :i* x w\ld be difficult to
 f9d a p>allel 9 ! hi/ory ( c]emonial2 &
 :5 to ^! are add$ ! purely             
ecclesia/ical function>ies1 = ^: numb]  
ev5 ! munific5t provision ( space       
allott$ by ,ju/9ian's ar*itect 0 f\nd at
 times insuffici5t1 "s idea may be =m$ (
 ! gr&eur ( ! s]vice1 :i*1 = s _m ages1 
l5t to t l(ty dome & ^! /ately          
colonnades a life & a significance n[   
utt]ly lo/ 9 ! wor%ip :i* has usurp$ its
 place4 ,z a purely ecclesia/ical       
c]emony1 probably "s ( ! great functions

 at ,/4 ,pet]'s 9 ,rome surpass 9       
spl5dor su* a c]emonial z ! ,great      
,entrance at ,/4 ,sophia on "o ( !      
emp]or's days4 ,b ! latt] _h !          
additional elem5t ( gr&eur d]iv$ f !    
pres5ce ( a c\rt unrivall$ = ! elaborate
 /atel9ess & spl5dor ( its c]emonial    
code4  ,we h said t ! *ur* ( ,ju/9ian   
is1 9 all sub/antial p>ticul>s1 ! ,/4   
,sophia ( ! pres5t day4 ,9 an           
ar*itectural view ! lat] hi/ory ( !     
build+ is h>dly wor? record+4 ,! ea/]n  
half ( ! dome1 9 consequ5ce ( "s settl+ 
( ! f\ndation ( ! buttresses1 hav+ %[n  
indications ( a t5d5cy to give way1 x   
became necess>y 9 ! reign ( ,basil !    
,mac$onian1 t[>d ! end ( ! n9? c5tury1  
to support x by f\r ext]ior buttresses1 
:i* /ill =m a conspicu\s object f !     
,s]aglio ,place4 ,! ,emp]or ,mi*ael1 9  
#hif1 erect$ ! t[] /ill /&+ at ! we/]n  
entrance1 to receive a set ( bells :i* 7
 pres5t$ by ! doge ( ,v5ice1 b :i* !    
,turks h melt$ d[n into cannon4 ,ab\t   
half a c5tury lat]1 a fur!r "w = !      

purpose ( /r5g!n+ ! dome 0 und]tak5 by !
 ,emp]or ,romanus2 & 9 ! ye> #ihg a     
complete rep>ation & re-/r5g!n+ ( !     
dome1 )9 & )\t1 0 execut$ "u ,basil !   
,bulg>icide1 9 :i* "w ! co/ ( !         
scaffold+ alone am\nt$ to t5 hundr$     
weight ( gold4  ,no fur!r rep>ations are
 record$ = upw>d ( two c5turies4 ,b1 to 
! %ame ( ! f\nd]s ( ! ,lat9 empire (    
,con/ant9ople1 ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,sophia     
suff]$ s mu* 9 _! h&s1 t1 aft] ! recov]y
 ( ! city by ! ,greeks1 m ?an "o ( !    
lat] ,greek emp]ors is f\nd engag$ 9    
repair+ ! injuries ( ! build+4 ,&ronicus
 ! ,eld]1 ,cantacuz5us1 & ,john ,,iv4   
,palaeologus1 ea* _h a %>e 9 ! "w2 &1 by
 a curi\s ?\gh =tuit\s co9cid5ce1       
,palaeologus1 ! la/ ( ! ,*ri/ian emp]ors
 :o are record$ z re/or]s ( ,/4 ,sophia1
 appe>s to be ! only "o admitt$ to !    
same honor :i* 0 accord$ to its fir/    
f\nd] ,ju/9ian--t ( hav+ 8 portrait     
introduc$ into ! mosaic decorations ( ! 
build+4 ,john ,palaeologus1 z we saw1 is
 repres5t$ 9 ! gr\p :i* adorn$ ! ea/]n  

ar* support+ ! great dome4 ,! figures1  
h[ev]1 are n[ mu* defac$4  ,h[ mu* ( !  
injury :i*1 f :atev] cause1 ! mosaic &  
o!r decorations ( ,/4 ,sophia h suff]$1 
is due to ! fanaticism ( ! ,turki%      
conqu]ors ( ,con/ant9ople x is          
impossible to say ) c]ta9ty4 ,probably1 
h[ev]1 x 0 f> less consid]able ?an might
 at fir/ be suppos$4 ,ow+ to ! peculi>  
discipl9e ( ! ,greek ,*ur*1 :i*1 :ile x 
freely admits pa9t$ images1 endures no  
sculptur$ ,*ri/ian repres5tations except
 t ( ! cross itself1 !re 0 little 9 !   
m>ble or bronze ( ,/4 ,sophia to provoke
 ,moslem #fef fanaticism4 ,! crosses    
?r\gh\t ! build+1 & especially 9 !      
wom5's *oir1 h be5 modifi$1 r ?an       
completely de/roy$2 ! mutilator be+     
g5]ally satisfi$ ) m]ely *isell+ (f !   
head ( ! cross 7! cruci=m "* be+ ?us    
de/roy$71 sp>+ ! o!r ?ree arms ( !      
,*ri/ian emblem4 ,= ! re/1 z we h       
already said1 ! *ange consi/$ 9 simply  
d5ud+ ! *ur* ( all its ,*ri/ian         
furniture & appliances1 :e!r movable    

objects or p]man5t /ructures1 & 9 cov]+ 
up f view all ! purely ,*ri/ian         
decorations ( ! walls1 ro(1 & domes4 ,! 
mosaic "w1 :]e x has p]i%$1 seems to h  
fall51 less f int5tional outrage or     
direct & volunt>y defacem5t1 ?an f !    
long-cont9u$ neglect "u :i* ! build+ _h 
suff]$ = g5]ations1 d[n to ! re/oration 
by ! late sultan4  ,! alt]ations ( !    
ext]ior "u ,moslem rule are f> m /rik+1 
z well z m consid]able4 ,mu* ( !        
und\bt$ly heavy & inelegant appe>ance ( 
! ext]ior ( ,/4 ,sophia is ow+ to !     
abs5ce ( sev]al gr\ps ( /atues & o!r    
arti/ic objects :i* 7 design$ to relieve
 ! massive & ungraceful proportions ( ! 
buttresses & supports ( ! build+ z se5 f
 )\t4 ,( ^! gr\ps ! mo/ important 0 t ( 
! celebrat$ horses n[ at ,/4 ,m>k's 9   
,v5ice4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! addition ( ! f\r
 m9>ets has1 9 a diff]5t way1 contribut$
 to produce ! same effect ( heav9ess &  
incongruity ( proportion4 ,( ^! m9>ets1 
! fir/1 t at ! s\?-ea/ angle1 0 built by
 ,mahomet ,,ii4 ,! second1 at !         

nor?-ea/1 0 erect$ by ,selim1 to ^: c>e 
! mosque 0 indebt$ = _m important works1
 int5d$ z well = its actual re/oration z
 = its prospective ma9t5ance &          
pres]vation4 ,! nor?-we/]n & s\?-we/]n  
m9>ets are bo? ! "w ( ,amura? ,,iii4 ,^!
 /ructures1 al?\gh exce$+ly light &     
elegant 9 !mselves1 are altoge!r out (  
keep+ ) ! massive /ructure to :i* !y 7  
int5d$ z an app5dage1 & ! pret5ti\s /yle
 ( _! decoration only height5s by !     
contra/ ! bald & un>*itectural appe>ance
 ( ! ext]ior ( ! *ur*4 ,x is n too mu*  
to say t ! effect ( ^! peculi>ly        
,mohamm$an additions to ! /ructure is   
ext]nally to de/roy its ,*ri/ian "*4  ,b
 :atev] may be said ( ! works ( =m]     
sultans1 x is impossible n to reg>d !   
late ,sultan ,abdul ,m$jid z a b5efactor
 to ,*ri/ian art1 ev5 9 ! works :i* he  
und]took directly 9 ! int]e/ ( 8 own    
wor%ip4 ,f ! "t ( ,amura? ,,iii4 !      
build+ _h be5 entirely neglect$4        
,dang]\s cracks _h appe>$ 9 ! dome1 z   
well z 9 sev]al ( ! semi-domes4 ,! lead 

cov]+ ( all 0 9 a ru9\s condition2 & !  
ap]tures n only admitt$ ! ra9 & sn[1 b  
p]mitt$ free entrance to flocks (       
pigeons & ev5 m de/ructive birds4 ,!    
ar*es ( ! gynaeconitis 7 9 _m places    
split & 9 a tott]+ condition ,! pill>s1 
especially on ! upp] floor1 7 displac$ &
 ?r[n out ( ! p]p5dicul>2 & ! :ole      
/ructure1 9 all its p>ts & 9 all its    
appo9tm5ts1 pres5t$ pa9ful evid5ce (    
gross & long-cont9u$ neglect4 ,m4 ,l\is 
,haghe has repres5t$1 9 two contra/$    
li?ograph$ sket*es1 ! int]ior ( ! mosque
 su* z x 0 & su* z x n[ is s9ce !       
re/oration4 ,! contra/ 9 appe>ance1 ev5 
on pap]1 is v /rik+2 al?\gh ?is c only  
be realiz$ by ^? :o h _h ! actual       
opportunity ( comp>+ ! new ) ! old4 ,b !
 sub/antial repairs are f> m important1 
z t5d+ to ! security ( a pile s v5]able 
& ! object ( s _m preci\s associations4 
,! great dome1 :ile x is reliev$ f ! f\r
 heavy & unsightly buttresses1 is made m
 p]man5tly secure by a d\ble gird] (    
wr\ght iron ar\nd ! base4 ,! lead ( !   

dome & ! ro( has be5 #feg r5ew$ ?r\gh\t4
 ,! tott]+ pill>s ( ! wom5's *oir h be5 
replac$ 9 ! p]p5dicul>1 & ! ar*es :i* !y
 su/a9 are n[ %or$ up & /r5g!n$4 ,!     
mosaic "w ?r\gh\t ! build+ has be5      
?or\ghly clean$ & re/or$1 ! defective   
portions be+ replac$ by a skilful       
imitation ( ! orig9al4 ,all ! fitt+s &  
furniture ( ! mosque--! sultan's gall]y1
 ! pulpits1 ! mihrab1 & o!r appurt5ances
 ( its wor%ip--h be5 r5ew$ 9 a /yle (   
great spl5dor4 ,! "w ( rep>ation ext5d$ 
ov] two ye>s1 & ow$ mu* ( its success1 z
 well z ( ! _s 9 :i* x 0 execut$1 to !  
enlight5$ lib]ality ( ,r$s*id ,pa*a4 ,an
 ef=t is said to h be5 made by !        
fanatical p>ty 9 ,con/ant9ople to induce
 ! sultan to ord] ! complete demolition 
( ! mosaic pictures on ! walls1 z be+   
utt]ly prohibit$ by ! ,koran4 ,b he     
firmly refus$ to acc$e to ! dem&2 & x 0 
) 8 express p]mission t ! k+ ( ,prussia 
commission$ ,m4 ,salz5b]g to avail      
himself ( ! occasion ( _! be+ uncov]$1 9
 ord] to secure = ! /ud5ts ( ! ,*ri/ian 

art ( ,byzantium ! advantage ( accurate 
copies ( e detail ( its mo/ anci5t z    
well z mo/ *>act]i/ic monum5t4  ------  
,f ,! ,lamp4  ,,all-,,hall[ ,,eve2 ,,or1
 ,,! ,,te/ ,,( ,,futurity4  ,,by ,,rob]t
 ,,curtis4   ,,*apt] ,,vii4  ,"h x 0 t !
 real fun 0 go+ on6 ,f ! c5tre ( ! veil+
 hung a /rong piece ( cord1 ) cross     
/icks1 ab\t eighte5 in*es long1 at !    
end4 ,on ea* end ( "o ( ^! /icks 0 /uck 
a %ort piece ( light$ c&le1 :ile on !   
ends ( ! o!r 7 /uck small apples ( a    
peculi>ly good k9d4 ,! cross 0 !n set   
turn+1 :5 "s plucky h]o snapp$ at !     
apples z !y w5t r\nd1 b z (t5 caught !  
light$ c&le 9 8 m\?1 :5 a he>ty laugh f 
! circle ( spectators proclaim$ 8       
discomfiture4 ,on ! o!r h&1 if =tunate  
en\gh to secure "o ( ! apples1 a clapp+ 
( h&s1 & %\ts ( ,well done6 proclaim$ 8 
victory4  ,a little to "o side ( ?is    
m]ry-g-r\nd 0 a huge tub ( spr+-wat]1   
fre% f ! pump1 & z cle> z cry/al4 ,x 0  
int5d$ t ! p]=m]s at ?is portion ( ! fun
 %\ld1 /ripp$ to ! wai/1 dive = p5ce or 

:atev] silv] ! by-/&]s *ose to ?r[ 94   
,up to ?is x _h n come into play1 =     
until _! bet!rs came d[n f ! p>lor no   
silv] 0 ?r[n 92 & ! y\ng/]s 7 lo? to wet
 !irsel's = no?9'4 ,n[1 h[ev]1 a        
t5p5ny-bit f ,tom ,murdock soon glitt]$ 
on ! bottom ( ! tub1 a full foot & a    
half "u wat]4 ,=?) two or ?ree "y fell[s
 peel$ (f1 to prove _! abilities z      
div]s4 ,! fir/1 a black-hair$ fell[1 ) a
 head z r\nd z a cannon-ball1 aft]      
/ruggl+ & bubbl+ until ! p began to ?9k 
he 0 smo!r+1 came up )\t ! prize4 ,he 0 
h&$ a kit*5 t[el to rub himself )2 :ile 
"o ( ! o!r "y gladiators adju/$ !       
t5p5ny-bit 9 ! middle ( ! tub1 drew #feh
 9 a long brea?1 & d[n he w5t l a duck4 
,he 0 n ne>ly s long d[n z ! o!r _h be52
 he nei!r /ruggl$ nor bubbl$1 & came up 
) ! money betwe5 8 tee?4  ,x wasn't y\r 
fir/ "t1 ,jamesy1 anyh[1 said "o4  ,h[  
did y get a h\lt ( x1 ,jamesy avic8 said
 ano!r4  ,b he kept dry+ 8 head1 & nev] 
m9d+ !m4  ,ano!r t5p5ny 0 !n ?r[n 9 by  
old ,n$ ,cavana2 x )/ood repeat$ ef=ts1 

b 0 at la/ fairly br\ght up4 ,jamesy    
seem$ to be ! mo/ exp]t1 = hav+ lift$   
?is second t5p5ny1 8 abilities 7 f9ally 
te/$ ) a fipp5ny-bit1 :i* aft] "o or two
 failures he br\ght up triumphantly 9 8 
tee?2 all ! o!r div]s hav+ decl9$ to try
 _! p[]s ^u x4  ,by ?is "t ! kit*5 floor
 0 v wet1 & x 0 ?\ght1 p>ticul>ly by !  
contributors to ! tub1 t !re _h be5     
en\gh ( t sort ( fun4 ,! girls1 :o 7 /&+
 9 :atev] dry spots ( ! flags !y c\ld   
f9d1 ?\ght s too2 !y1 did n wi% to wet  
_! %oes be=e ! dance1 & !re 0 ano!r move
 back to ! p>lor4  ,"h ! sc5e 0         
completely *ang$1 z if inde$ by magic1 z
 nobody _h be5 miss$ = ! p]=mance4 ,!   
long table 0 no :]e to be se51 :ile !   
*airs & =ms 7 rang$ along ! walls1 & old
 ,murr9 ! pip] greet$ _! entrance ) an  
enliv5+ jig4  ,p>tn]s 7 ( c\rse select$ 
at once1 & z "y ,l5non happ5$ to be com+
 9 f ! kit*5 ) ,w9ny ,cavana at ! mom5t1
 !y 7 soon ) arms akimbo foot+ x to     
admiration opposite ea* o!r4 ,n f> f !m 
ano!r c\ple 7 exhibit+ 9 l mann]4 ,!y 7 

,tom ,murdock & ,kate ,mulvey2 :ile     
sev]al o!r pairs 7 foot+ x ?r\gh ! room4
 ,to judge f ! self-satisfi$ smile ^u   
,kate ,mulvey's h&some lips1 %e 0 n a   
little pr\d or well pleas$ at hav+ tak5 
,tom ,murdock f ! belle ( ! p>ty2 = %e  
_h too mu* self-e/eem to ?9k t x 0 !    
belle ( ! p>ty _h be5 tak5 f ,tom       
,murdock4  ,i ne$ n pursue ! sev]al sets
 :i* 7 danc$1 nor p>ticul>ize ! pairs :o
 7 p>tn]s on ! occasion4 ,( c\rse ,tom  
,murdock took ! fir/ opportunity        
possible to claim ! h& ( ,w9ifr$ ,cavana
 = a dance4 ,inde$1 he 0 ill-pleas$ t 9 
8 own h\se he _h p]mitt$ any *ance      
circum/ance to prev5t 8 hav+ op5$ !     
dance ) h]1 & apologiz$ = x--b x happ5$ 
9 a mann] ov] :i* he _h no control4 ,he 
_h pick$ up t expression at a           
race-c\rse4  ,) all 8 bitt]ness he _h ! 
good s5se n to make a sc5e by endeavor+ 
to fru/rate t :i* he _h n ! tact to     
obviate by pre-arrangem5t4 ,w9ny _h made
 no reply to 8 apology1 & he cont9u$1 ,i
 did n ask ,kate ,mulvey to dance until 

,i saw y l$ out by "y ,l5non4  ,t is a  
bad complim5t to ,kate1 %e obs]v$4  ,i  
c't help t1 said he gruffly2 "s p take  
"t d-mn-bly by ! =elock4  ,t _c apply to
 ei!r him or me 9 ?is case2 !re 7 two   
pairs danc+ be=e he ask$ me4  ,n[ al?\gh
 ?is 0 c]ta9ly n said by way ( reproa*  
to ,tom = n himself be+ soon]1 x 0      
unansw]able1 & he did n try to answ] x4 
,he 0 n h[ev] 9 su* good humor z to =w>d
 himself mu* 9 ,w9ny's good op9ion1 &   
,emon-a-knock1 :o wat*$ him closely1 0  
cont5t t he %\ld be h] sole beau = ! re/
 ( ! ev5+4  ,refre%m5ts 7 n[ br\ght 92  
cold pun* = ! boys & nagus = ! girls2 = 
old ,murdock c\ld af=d to make a spla%1 
& ?is he ?\ght 0 8 "t to d x4 ,if any "o
 0 hungry1 !re 0 pl5ty #fei ( cold mate 
& bread on ! kit*5 dress]4 ,b aft] !    
calcannon & tea1 nobody seem$ to he>    
him4  ,aft] ! liquor on ! fir/ tray 0   
dispos$ (1 & ! glasses collect$ = a     
repl5i%1 a solo jig 0 univ]sally call$  
=4 ,! two be/ danc]s 9 ! prov9ce 7      
pres5t--,tom ,murdock & ,edw>d ,l5non1 s

 !re c\ld be no failure4  ,old ,murdock 
_h nev] se5 "y ,l5non dance until t     
night1 & s f> z he c\ld judge1 he 0 n ! 
man t ,tom ne$ be afraid (4 ,he _h (t5  
se5 ,tom's be/ danc+1 & c]ta9ly no?+ :i*
 "y ,l5non _h exhibit$ !re up to t "t   
c\ld at all t\* x4  ,come1 ,tom1 said   
he1 give ! girls a specim5 ( :at y c d1 
y\r lone1 & he laid ! pok] & tongs      
across ea* o!r 9 ! middle ( ! floor4    
,paddy ,murr9 /ruck up a _s-/irr+ jig1  
:i* no "o c\ld resi/4 ,! girls 7 all    
danc+ x to !mselves1 & "y ,l5non's feet 
7 dy+ to be at x1 b ( c\rse he mu/ wait4
  ,inde$ he 0 n anxi\s to exhibit 9     
opposition to 8 ho/'s son1 b fe>$ 8     
reputation z a danc] w\ld put him 9 = x4
  ,tom ,murdock hav+ be5 ?us call$ on1 0
 tight5+ ! fung ( "o ( 8 pumps1 to beg94
 ,turn+ !n to ,murr91 he call$ = !      
fox-hunt]'s jig4  ,he n[ comm5c$1 & l a 
kn[+ pr(essor ( 8 art took x easy at !  
comm5cem5t1 det]m9$ h[ev] to a/oni% !m  
ere he _h done4 ,he felt t he 0 danc+   
well1 b knew t he c\ld dance mu* bett]1 

& w\ld pres5tly d s4 ,he _h (t5 tri$ !  
pok] & tongs jig1 b hi!rto nev] q to 8  
satisfaction4 ,he _h sometimes come (f  
p]fectly victori\s1 )\t t\*+ !m1 b z (t5
 manag$ to kick !m ab\t ! floor4 ,he 0  
n[ on 8 mettle1 n only on acc\nt ( ,w9ny
 ,cavana1 b also because t :elp1 ,l5non1
 0 look+ on1 :i* he _h no "r to be4 ,= a
 :ile he succe$$ admirably4 ,he _h tipp$
 ea* division ( ! cross ) bo? heel &    
toe1 sev]al times ) rapid & successful  
precision2 b becom+ en?usia/ic1 z !     
plaudits pass$ r\nd1 he call$ to ,murr9 
to play fa/]1 :5 aft] a few mom5ts (    
increas$ spe$1 he tripp$ 9 ! tongs1 &   
came flat on 8 back ^u ! floor4 ,he 0   
soon up aga91 & a few t\*es ( !         
clo!s-bru% set all to rights1 except !  
irrepressible titt] t ran r\nd ! room4  
,( c\rse !re 0 an excuse "o ( ! fungs ( 
8 pump _h aga9 loos5$ & caught 9 !      
tongs4 ,?is 0 n m]ely an excuse1 b a    
fact1 ^u :i* ,tom ,murdock built mu*    
consolation = 8 p>tial failure1 z he    
himself jocosely call$ x2 b he 0 savage 

at he>t4  ,!re 0 a g5]al call n[ f !    
girls = "y ,l5non1 & ,emon-a-knock1     
,emon-a-knock1 res\nd$ on all sides4 ,he
 w\ld n rise1 h[ev]2 he 0 n[ m unwill+  
?an ev] to dance a mat*1 z he call$ x to
 himself1 ) 8 ho/'s son4  ,! p>tial     
failure ( 8 rival--& he 0 hone/ en\gh to
 admit t x 0 b p>tial1 & c\ld n h be5   
avoid$--gave him well-f\nd$ hopes ( a   
triumph4 ,he too _h tri$ 8 p[]s (       
agility by ! pok] & tongs te/1 & (t5] ) 
success ?an o!rwise4 ,x 0 "s "t n[ s9ce 
he _h tri$ x1 z latt]ly he _h n mu* "t  
to sp>e = su* amusem5ts4 ,he 0 unwill+1 
b n f fe> ( failure1 to get up2 b no    
excuse w\ld be tak52 he 0 caught by !   
coll> ( 8 coat by two /urdy h&some      
girls1 & dragg$ into ! middle ( ! room4 
,?us plac$ be=e ! spectators1 he c\ld n 
refuse ! ordeal1 z x might be call$4    
,he _h 8 wits ab\t him1 h[ev]4 ,he _h   
se5 ,tom ,murdock :isp] some?+ to ! pip]
 :5 he 0 fir/ call$ on to /& up1 & x    
#ffj prov$ t he 0 n a/ray z to its      
purport4  ,recollect+ ! jig he 0 9 !    

habit ( danc+ ! pok] & tongs to1 he ask$
 ! pip] to play x4 ,murr9 hesitat$1 & at
 la/ came out ) a /amm] t he hadn't x1 b
 he'd give him "o z good1 /rik+ up ! mo/
 difficult jig 9 ! ,iri% catalogue to   
dance to4  ,no1 said ,l5non /\tly1 ,i   
he>d y play ! jig ,i call$ = a hundr$   
times1 & no lat] ?an la/ night1 ,pat1 at
 ,jemmy ,mull>ky's1 z ,i pass$ home f   
"w1 & ,i'll h no o!r4  ,i took :atev]   
jig he happ5$ to /rike up1 said ,tom ) a
 sne]4  ,y might h _h y\r *oice1 = t    
matt]1 & ,i d>esay y _h1 repli$ ,l5non1 
& ,i'll h m9e6 ,x is my "r4  ,if a man c
 dance1 cont9u$ ,tom1 he ought to be    
able to dance to any jig t's giv5 him2  
x's l a man t c only say 8 pray]s out ( 
8 own book4 ,& !re 0 a suppress$ smile  
at ,l5non's exp5se4  ,he saw x1 & 8     
blood 0 up 9 a mom5t4  ,he may play any 
jig he *ooses n[1 exclaim$ ,l5non1      
except "o1 & t is ! "o y told him to    
play1 tak+ 8 *ance t 8 suspicions 7     
correct z to ! purport ( ! :isp]4  ,i'll
 play ! "o ,i pl$ = ! "y ma/h] himself2 

an' if t doesn't %oot y1 y ne$n't dance 
at all1 said ,murr91 app>5tly prompt$   
aga9 by ,tom ,murdock4  ,?is 0 a        
decision f :i* no imp>tial p]son c\ld   
diss5t1 & ,l5non seem$ p]fectly         
satisfi$1 b aft] all ?is jaw &          
int]ruption he felt 9 no great humor to 
dance1 & almo/ fe>$ ! result4  ,z he    
/ood up he caught a glance f ,w9ny's eye
 :i* bani%$ e ?\ght save t ( comply+ ) t
 look4 ,if ev] a look plant$ an undy+   
resolve 9 a man's he>t x 0 t4 ,x call$  
him ,emon z pla9 z if %e _h spok5 x1 &  
said1 ,don't let t fell[ put y d[n1 &   
quick z ! glance 0 x add$1 he's a na/y  
fell[4  ,to x n[ ,emon w5t ) 8 :ole     
he>t4 ,he c>$ n :at jig ,pat ,murr9     
play$1 or any o!r pip]1 he 0 able = !m4 
,at fir/ ! quiet tipp+ ( 8 heel & toe ^u
 ! floor1 ) n[ & !n a flat /amp :i* ?rew
 up ! du/1 0 inimitable4 ,z he got into 
! m]its ( ! ?+1 ! music 0 oblig$ to vie 
) him 9 activity4 ,x seem$ z mu* z if he
 0 danc+ = ! pip] to play to1 z t ! pip]
 0 play+ = him to dance4 ,^? :o 7 up to 

! m]its ( an ,iri% jig1 c\ld h told ! "o
 he 0 danc+ to if !re _h be5 no music at
 all4 ,!re 0 a tip1 a curl1 or a /amp = 
e note 9 ! tune4 ,9 fact he play$ ! jig 
^u ! floor ) 8 feet4 ,he n[ clos$ ! pok]
 & tongs ) confid5ce1 :ile ,tom ,murdock
 look$ on ) a malici\s hope t he too    
w\ld bungle ! bus9ess2 & ,w9ny ,cavana  
look$ on ) a timid fe> ( ! same result4 
,b he danc$ ?r\gh & among/ !m z if by   
magic--a toe "h1 & a heel !re1 9 ea*    
comp>tm5t ( ! cross$ irons ) ! rapidity 
( lightn+1 b he nev] t\*$ "o ( !m4      
,quick]6 quick]1 cri$ ,murdock to !     
pip]1 see+ t ,l5non 0 p]fect ma/] ( 8   
position4  ,aye1 z quick z y l1 /amm]$  
,l5non1 almo/ out ( brea?2 & ! increas$ 
spe$ ( ! music br\ght =? m /rik+        
p]=mance1 te/ifi$ to by ! applause :i*  
greet$ 8 f9i%+ b[4  ,he caught a %ort   
glance aga9 f ,w9ny's eye1 z he pass$ to
 a vacant seat4 ,?ank y1 ,emon1 f my    
he>t1 x said1 z pla9ly z ! o!r _h spok5 
:5 he /ood up4  ,x 0 n[ well on 9 !     
small h\rs1 & z old ,murdock & 8 son _h 

bo? ceas$ 9 a mann] to d any m honors1  
_! sil5ce 0 accept$ z a sort ( notice to
 quit1 #ffa & !re 0 a g5]al move 9 se>* 
( bonnets & cloaks4 ,tom ,murdock knew t
 he 0 9 ! dumps1 & wisely left ,w9ny to 
h] fa!r's escort4 ,l5non's way lay by ! 
,mulveys1 & he 0 t f> ) ,kate & "s o!rs4
 ,inde$1 all ! bran* roads & pa?ways 7  
e*o+ to ! noisy *at & op9ions ( !       
scatt]$ p>ty on _! sev]al ways home4    
,,*apt] ,,viii4  ,! aft]-reflections (  
^? mo/ int]e/$ 9 ! above ga!r+ 7 v>i\s1 
& x mu/ be admitt$ to "s ext5t          
unsatisfactory4 ,fir/ ( all1 old        
,murdock 0 ke5 en\gh to p]ceive t he _h 
n fur!r$ 8 object 9 ! lea/ by hav+ giv5 
! p>ty at all4 ,f :at ,tom _h told him  
he _h kept a close wat* ^u "y ,l5non1 ( 
^: aspirations t[>d ,w9ny ,cavana he _h 
n[ no d\bt1 & if he 0 n sure ( a        
pref]5ce ^u h] "p t[>d him1 he 0 q c]ta9
 t %e _h none t[>d ,tom4 ,?is 0 !       
natural result ( old ,murdock's         
obs]vations ( ,w9ny's conduct dur+ !    
ev5+1--:o1 :ile %e c\ld & did hide ! "o1

 c\ld n1 & did n1 hide ! o!r4  ,tom     
,murdock 0 ! lea/ satisfi$ ( !m all ) ! 
:ole bus9ess1 & sull5ly told 8 fa!r1 :o 
_h done x all to s]ve him1 t he _h done 
m h>m ?an good1 & t he knew he w\ld1 by 
ask+ t :elp ,l5non2 & he hop$ he might  
nev] die till he broke e bone 9 8 body4 
,by hook or by crook1 by fair means or  
f\l1 he mu/ put a /op to 8 hopes 9 t    
qu>t]4  ,8 fa!r 0 sil5t4 ,he felt t he  
_h n advanc$ matt]s by 8 p>ty4 ,old     
,cavana 0 n ! %>p old man 9 ^! matt]s1  
ei!r to m9d or div9e f h[ _m po9ts ! w9d
 blew1 & quietly suppos$ all _h gone on 
smoo?ly1 z he & old ,murdock wi%$4      
,w9ifr$ _h be5 m ?an confirm$ 9 h]      
dislike to ,tom ,murdock1 :ile h] secret
 pref]5ce = ,emon-a-knock _h be5 9 no   
respect dim9i%$4 ,%e _h dep? en\gh also 
to p]ceive t ,kate ,mulvey 0 anxi\s     
en\gh to propitiate ! good op9ion1 to   
:i* %e _h tak5 no pa9s to hide h]       
indiff]5ce4 ,%e 0 aw>e t ,kate ,mulvey's
 "n _h be5 associat$ ) "y ,l5non's by ! 
village gossips1 b %e _h se5 no?+ on t  

night to ju/ify any appreh5sion1 if %e  
*ose to set h]self to "w4 ,%e w\ld take 
an opportunity ( s\nd+ h] fri5d ^u ?is  
mom5t\s subject1 & f9d+ out h[ ! l&     
really lay4 ,if t 0 ! side ( h] head    
,kate's cap 0 incl9$ to lean to1 might  
!y n /rike a quiet & confid5tial little 
b>ga9 betwe5 !m1 z reg>d$ ^! two "y m58 
,kate ,mulvey's ?\ghts 7 n v mu* at     
v>iance ) ^? ( h] fri5d ,w9ny4 ,%e1 n   
hav+ ! same p5etration into ! probable  
results ( s9i/] looks & sc[l+ br[s2 or  
n1 p]haps1 hav+ ev] p]ceiv$ !m1 _h ?r[n 
"o ( ! nice/ caps t ev] came f a        
smoo?+-iron at ,tom ,murdock1 b %e fe>$ 
he _h n yet pick$ x up4 ,%e 0 afraid1   
until ! night ( ! p>ty1 t h] fri5d &    
rival--yes1 x is only 9 ! high] ranks ( 
society t ! two _c be unit$--_h ?r[n a  
/ill m ri*ly trimm$ "o at him2 b on t   
night1 & %e _h wat*$ closely1 %e _h =m$ 
a reasonable belief t h] fe> 0 totally  
unf\nd$4 ,%e 0 n q sure t x _h n be5 let
 drop 9 ,emon-a-knock's way1 if n       
actually ?r[n at him4 ,^! girls1 9 su*  

cases1 are s %>p6  ,! v same ?\ght _h   
/ruck h]4 ,%e also _h det]m9$ ^u s\nd+  
h] fri5d ,w9ny1 & w\ld #ffb take ! fir/ 
favorable opportunity ( hav+ a          
confid5tial *at ) h] ^u ! subject4 ,!   
girls 7 v intimate1 & 7 n rivals1 only  
!y did n "k x4 ,we %all see by-&-by h[  
!y s\nd$ ea* o!r4  ,"y ,l5non's         
aft]-?\ghts1 ^u ! :ole1 7 m satisfactory
 ?an p]haps ^? ( any ( ! o!r pr9cipal   
p]sons conc]n$4 ,if ,w9ny ,cavana _h n  
%[n him a decid$ pref]5ce ov] ! g5]al   
set ( "y m5 !re1 %e _h c]ta9ly be5 /ill 
less p>ticul> 9 h] conduct & mann] t[>d 
,tom ,murdock4 ,^! matt]s1 no d\bt1 are 
manag$ pretty mu* ! same 9 all ranks (  
society1 ?\gh1 ( c\rse1 n ) ! same      
ref9em5t2 & to "y ,l5non1 ^: he>t 0 on !
 wat*1 z well z 8 eyes1 "o or two little
 incid5ts dur+ ! night gave him "s fa9t 
hopes t1 z yet at lea/1 8 ri* rival _h n
 made mu* way aga9/ him4 ,hi!rto1 "y    
,l5non _h look$ ^u ! ri* heiress (      
,ra?ca% z a fruit too high = him to rea*
 f ! l[ gr\nd ^u :i* he /ood1 & _h giv5 

m ( 8 att5tion to h] poor] neighbor     
,kate ,mulvey4 ,he1 h[ev]1 met ) decid$ 
reluctance 9 t qu>t]1 & be+ nei!r       
c[>dly1 ignorant1 nor %y1 he _h improv$ 
"o or two favorable occasions ) ,w9ny   
,cavana at ! p>ty1 :om he n[ _h "s1     
p]haps delusive1 notion 0 n s f> above 8
 rea* aft] all4  ,^! are ! only p]sons )
 ^: aft]-?\ghts we are conc]n$4 ,!re may
 h be5 "s o!r by-play on ! "p ( two or  
?ree f9e "y m5 & h&some girls1 :o burn$ 
!mselves ^u ! b>1 & danc$ toge!r aft] !y
 became c9d]s1 b z !y are 9 no respect  
mix$ up ) our /ory1 we may pass !m by   
)\t inve/igat+ _! ?\ghts1 fur!r ?an to  
decl>e t !y 7 all well pleas$1 & t !    
praises ( old ,murdock's munific5ce rang
 f "o end ( ! p>i% to ! o!r4    ,,*apt] 
,,ix4  ,i mu/ n[ describe a portion ( ! 
g>d5 :i* /ret*$ out f ! back ( old ,n$  
,cavana's premises4 ,a l>ge well-enclos$
 f>my>d1 almo/ imm$iately at ! re> ( !  
h\se1 gave evid5ce ( ! com=t & pl5ty    
belong+ n only to ! old man himself1 b  
to ev]y?+ liv+ & dead ab\t ! place2 & z 

we %all be oblig$ to pass ?r\gh ?is     
f>m-y>d to get into ! g>d51 we may z    
well describe x fir/4 ,/acks ( corn1    
:eat1 oats1 & b>ley1 9 great v>iety (   
size1 po9t$ ! p9nacles ( _! f9i%+ t\* to
 ! sky4 ,/ick+ up f "s ( ^! 7 %am       
wea!r-cocks1 made ( /raw1 9 ! %ape (    
fi%1 f[l1 dogs1 & cats1 ! h&iwork (     
,jamesy ,doyle1 ! s]vant boy1--! same   
black-head$ ur*9 :o lift$ ! t5p5ny-bit  
out ( ! tub at old ,murdock's p>ty4 ,!y 
7 fa/5$ ^u /icks1 :i* did n turn r\nd1 &
 7 !re=e put up m to fright5 away !     
sp>r[s ?an = ! purpose ( indicat+ :i*   
way ! w9d blew1 or1 m likely /ill1 z m]e
 specim5s ( ,jamesy ,doyle's +5uity4 ,! 
:ole y>d 0 cov]$ a foot deep ) loose    
/raw1 = ! d\ble purpose ( giv+ com=t to 
two or ?ree litt]s ( "y pigs1 & t ( be+ 
us$ up1 by ! con/ant tramp+1 into manure
 = ! f>m2 = c[s1 heif]s1 & calves /ray$ 
ab\t x )\t int]ruption4 ,a gr& flock (  
geese1 z :ite z sn[ & z l>ge ne>ly z    
swans1 m>*$ 9 f ! fields1 head$ by _!   
g&]1 e ev5+ ab\t ! same h\r1 to sp5d _! 

night gaggl+ & wat*+ & sleep+ by turns  
"u ! /acks ( corn1 :i* 7 rais$ ^u /one  
pill>s ) mu%room metal-caps1 to keep out
 ! rats & mice4 ,a big black cock1 ) a  
hang+ r$ comb & :ite j[ls1 & innum]able 
h5s belong+ to him1 some?+ on ! ,brigham
 ,"y sy/em1 m>*$ triumphantly ab\t1     
call+ 8 favorites #ffc e n[ & !n ) a    
quick melan*oly little *uckle z (t5 z he
 f\nd a tit-bit among/ ! /raw4 ,ducks1  
half z l>ge z ! geese1 com+ home )\t a  
fea!r raffl$1 9 a mottl$ /r+ ( all      
colors1 f ! /ream bel[ ! hill1 div+1 =  
v>iety1 into ! clean /raw1 em]g+ n[ &   
!n1 & smatt]+ ) _! flat bills 9 any     
little puddle ( wat] t lay betwe5 !     
pavem5t 9 ! b>e "p ( ! y>d4 ,bullydhu1 !
 wat*-dog1 z ev5+ clos$1 tak+ possession
 ( a small wood5 h\se ^u :eels1--,jamesy
 ,doyle's h&iwork too1--t x might be    
turn$ to ! %elt]1 :i*ev] way ! w9d blew4
 ,x 0 a miracle to see ,bully gett+ into
 x1 ! door 0 s l[2 ano!r piece (        
consid]ation ( ,jamesy's = ! dog's      
com=t4 ,y c\ld only "k :5 he 0 9 x by   

see+ 8 l>ge s(t paws "u ! ar* ( ! l[    
door4  ,beyond ?is f>m-y>d--f>m 9 all   
its appe>ance & realities--0 ! g>d54 ,a 
?ick1 high1 furze h$ge1 ab\t sixty y>ds 
long1 ran d[n "o side ( x1 f ! corn] ( !
 f>my>d wall2 & at ! fur!r end ( ?is    
h$ge1 :i* 0 ! squ>e ( ! g>d51 & fac+ !  
sun1 0 c]ta9ly ! mo/ complete &         
beautiful summ]-h\se 9 ! p>i% ( ,ra?ca%1
 or ,jamesy ,doyle 0 v mu* mi/ak54 ,x   
also 0 8 h&iwork4 ,9 fact1 !re 0 no?+   
,jamesy c\ld n turn 8 h&s to1 & 8 he>t 0
 z ready z 8 h&s1 s t he 0 always       
successful1 b "h he _h out/ripp$ all 8  
=m] +5uity4 ,! b[] 0 n[ ( f\r ye>s' /&+1
 & e summ] ,jamesy 0 pr\d to see t      
nature _h approv$ ( 8 plan by endors+ x 
) a hundr$ diff]5t signatures4 ,) ! o!r 
portions ( ! g>d5 or its sev]al crops1  
we h no?+ to d2 we w !re=e l+] = a :ile 
ab\t ! furze h$ge & 9 ,jamesy's b[] to  
see :at may turn up4 ,b ,i mu/ describe 
ano!r item 9 ! locality4  ,imm$iately   
outside ! h$ge !re 0 a lane1 common to a
 c]ta9 ext5t to bo? f>ms4 ,x might be   

said to divide !m4 ,x lay q close to !  
furze h$ge1 :i* ran 9 a /raight l9e a   
long di/ance beyond :]e ,jamesy's b[]   
=m$ "o ( ! angles ( ! g>d54 ,!re 0 a    
gate across ! lane precisely outside !  
corn] :]e ! b[] _h be5 made1 & ?is 0 !  
ext5t ( ,murdock's "r or title to !     
commonalty ( ! lane4 ,pass+ ?r\gh ?is   
gate1 ,murdock bran*$ (f to ! left ) !  
produce ( 8 f>m4 ,x is a long lane1 !y  
say1 t has no turn+1 & al?\gh ! portion 
( ?is "o ) :i* we are conc]n$ 0 only    
sixty y>ds long1 ,i h n1 p]haps1 br\ght 
! read] to ! spot s quickly z ,i might4 
,i c]ta9ly c\ld h br\ght him ?r\gh ! y>d
 )\t putt+ ev5 ! ^w f>m be=e x1 or )\t  
say+ a ^w ab\t ! /acks ( corn & !       
wea!r-cocks1 ! pigs1 c[s1 heif]s1 &     
calves1 ! geese1 ducks1 cock1 & h5s1    
,bullydhu & 8 h\se1 etc41 & ) a hop1    
/ep1 & a leap ,i might h plac$ him 9    
,jamesy's b[] if he _h be5 ! p]son to   
occupy x--b he 0 n4 ,) e twig1 h[ev]1 ( 
! h$ge & ! b[] x is necess>y t my read]s
 %\ld be well acqua9t$2 & ,i hope ,i h  

succe$$ 9 mak+ !m s4  ,w9ny ,cavana 0 a 
?\ghtful1 ?rifty girl1 an exp]i5c$      
h\sekeep]1 nev] all[+ "o job to ov]take 
ano!r :]e x c\ld be avoid$4 ,( c\rse    
incid5tal difficulties w\ld sometimes   
arise2 b 9 g5]al %e manag$ ev]y?+ s     
nicely & sy/ematically t matt]s fell    
into _! own "t & place z regul>ly z     
possible4  ,:5 ,w9ny got ! invitation = 
,mick ,murdock's p>ty1 :i* 0 only 9 !   
=5oon ( ! day be=e x came (f1 h] fir/   
?\ght 01 t %e w\ld be v tir$ & ill-fitt$
 = bus9ess ! day aft] x 0 ov]4 ,%e !re=e
 call$ ,jamesy ,doyle to h] assi/ance1 &
 on t day & #ffd ! next1 %e got ?r\gh   
:atev] h\sehold jobs w\ld be> p]=mance 9
 advance1 & in/ruct$ ,jamesy z to "s    
little matt]s :i* %e us$ to ov]see      
h]self1 b :i* on ?is occasion %e w\ld   
entru/ solely to 8 own intellig5ce &    
judgm5t = ! day aft] ! p>ty4 ,%e c\ld n 
h committ$ !m to a m compet5t or        
consci5ti\s lad4 ,any?+ ,jamesy und]took
 to d1 he did x well1 z we h already se5
 bo? 9 ! hagg>d1 ! g>d51 & ! tub--= x 0 

he :o br\ght up ! fipp5ny-bit at        
,murdock's1 & he w\ld lay d[n 8 life to 
s]ve or ev5 to oblige ,w9ny ,cavana4    
,hav+ ?us pur*as$ an idle day aft] !    
p>ty1 ,w9ny 0 det]m9$ to enjoy x1 & aft]
 a v late breakfa/1 = h] fa!r1 poor s\l1
 0 dead tir$1 %e call$ ,jamesy1 & exam9$
 him z to :at he _h done or left undone4
 ,f9d+ t1 not)/&+ he _h be5 up z late z 
%e _h be5 h]self ! night be=e1 he _h be5
 fai?ful to ! tru/ repos$ 9 him1 & t    
ev]y?+ 0 9 trim ord]1 %e !n complim5t$  
him ^u 8 snapp+ & div+ abilities4  ,h[  
mu* did y take up out ( ! tub1 ,jamesy8 
%e ask$4  ,be gorra1 ,miss ,w9ny1 ,i    
took up two t5p5ny-bits an' a fipp5ny4  
,& :at w y d ) all t money1 ,jamesy8 x  
is ne>ly a mon?'s wages4  ,be gorra1 my 
"m has x a=e ?is1 ,miss ,w9ny4  ,t is a 
good boy1 ,jamesy1 b y %\ldn't curse4   
,be gorra1 ,i won't1 miss2 b ,i didn't  
?9k t 0 curs+1 at all1 at all4  ,well1 x
 is swe>+1 ,jamesy1 & t is j z bad4     
,well1 ,miss ,w9ny1 y'll nev] he> me say
 x ag54  ,t's "r1 ,james4 ,is ! g>d5    

op58  ,x is1 miss2 ,i'm af!r br++ out an
 armful ( leaves to bile = ! pigs4      
,w9ny pass$ on ?r\gh ! y>d into ! g>d54 
,x 0 a f9e1 mild day = ! "t ( ye>1 & %e 
0 soon sitt+ 9 ! b[] ) an unop5$        
/ory-book 9 h] lap4 ,x 0 a piece ( idle 
folly h] br++ ! book !re at all4 ,9 !   
fir/ place1 %e _h x by he>t--= books 7  
sc>ce 9 t locality1 & 7 (t5 read--& 9 ! 
next1 %e 0 m 9 a humor to ?9k ?an to    
read4 ,x 0 no /range ?+1 "u !           
circum/ances1 if1 l "s h]o9es ( a high] 
/amp1 %e fell into a rev]ie4 ,h[ long %e
 rema9$ ?us1 to use ! pat5t phrase 9 su*
 a case1 mu/ be a m]e matt] ( surmise2 b
 a /ep at ! gate outside ! h$ge1 & h]   
own "n di/9ctly pron\nc$1 caus$ h] to   
/>t4 ,eaves-dropp+ has be5 univ]sally   
condemn$1 & li/5]s1 !y say1 nev] he>    
good ( !mselves4 ,b :]e is ! "y girl1 or
 inde$ any p]son1 he>+ _! own "n        
pron\nc$1 & be+ 9 a position to li/5    
unobs]v$1 :o w\ld n d s8 ,our h]o9e1 at 
all ev5ts1 0 n above t sort ( ?+1 &     
in/ead ( hemm+1 or c\gh+1 or %uffl+ h]  

feet 9 ! gravel1 %e cock$ h] e>s & held 
h] brea?4 ,we w\ld be a little indulg5t 
to a p]son s sorely tempt$1 :atev] our  
read]s may ?9k4  ,if ,w9ny ,cavana1 %e  
he>d1 0 twice z pr\d1 an' twice z great 
a lady1 y may believe me1 ,tom1 %e      
w\ldn't refuse y4 ,%e'll h six hundr$   
p\nds z r\nd z ! cr[n ( y\r hat2 an' t  
f9e f>m we're af!r walk9' ov]2 l h]1 or 
n l h]1 take my advice an' don't lose ! 
=tune an' ! f>m4  ,n if ,i c help x1    
fa!r4 ,!re's m reason ?an y "k ( :y ,i  
%\ld secure ! ready money ( h] =tune at 
any rate2 z to h]self1 if x wasn't = t1 
%e might m>ry ,tom ,naddy ?' aumadhawn  
if %e _h a m9d4  ,_h y any *at ) h] la/ 
night1 ,tom8 ,oh !n1 wasn't %e look9'   
elegant6  #ffe  ,z elegant z y please1  
fa!r1 b z pr\d z a peacock4 ,no1 ,i _h  
no *at ) h]1 except :at ! :ole room c\ld
 he>2 %e 0 det]m9$ on t1 & ,i'm /ill (  
op9ion t y did m h>m ?an good4  ,n if y 
7 wor? a ?rawnc51 ,tom4 ,arrah avic     
ma*ree1 y don't undh]/& h]2 t 0 all put 
on1 man alive4 ,i'm afe]d %e'll ?9k y   

hav5't ! pluck 9 y2 %e's a sp]it$ girl  
h]self1 & dep5d ^u x %e expects y to    
spake1 an' its :at %e's vex$ at1 y\r    
dilly-dally9'4 ,:y did y let t fell[    
take h] out = ! fir/ dance8 ,i he]d     
,mrs4 ,moran rem>k x to ,kitty ,mulvey's
 "m4  ,t 0 a mi/ake1 fa!r2 he _h h] out 
be=e ,i got 9 f ! kit*54  ,!y don't l !m
 mi/akes1 ,tom1 an' t's ! v ?+ ,i blame 
y =2 y %\ld h /uck to h] l a lee* ! :ole
 night2 !y l a man t's 9 e>ne/4 ,take my
 advice1 ,tom avic1 an put ! "q plump to
 h] at wan/ =e ,%raftide4 ,tell h] ,i'll
 lay d[n a p\nd = y = e p\nd h] fa!r    
gives h]1 & ,i'll make ov] ?is place to 
y out an out4 ,old ,n$ an ,i w live     
toge!r :ile we la/1 an t c't be long1   
,tom avic4 ,i "k he'll settle ,ra?ca% ^u
 ,w9ny1 & he'll h ! int]e/ ( h] =tune   
beside--  ,int]e/ be d--d6 int]rupt$    
,tom2 won't he pay ! money d[n8  ,he    
might d t same1 b ,i ?9k n2 he's afe]d x
 might be dribbl$ away1 b ) ,ra?ca%1 an 
,ra?ca%more jo9$1 ! devil's 9 x & %e c't
 live l a lady2 at all ev5ts1 ,tom1 y c 

live l a g5tleman2 ould ,n$'s = y       
entirely1 ,tom1 ,i c tell y t4  ,t is   
all v well1 fa!r1 & ,i wi% t y c\ld make
 me ?9k t y\r words w\ld come true1 b   
,i'm n come to f\r-&-tw5ty ye>s ( age   
)\t kn[+ some?+ ( ! way girls get on2 & 
if t "o is n set on "y ,l5non1 my "n is 
n ,tom ,murdock2 & ,i'll tell y :at's m1
 t if x wasn't = h] =tune & t f>m1 he   
might h h] & welcome4 ,!re are _m girls 
9 ! p>i% z h&some1 & h&som] = t matt]1  
?an :at %e is1 t w\ld j jump at me4  ,i 
"k t1 ,tom agra1 b maybe x's :at y'll   
only fix h] on t :elp1 z y call him1 !  
/rong]1 if y be h\ld9' back ! way y d4  
,!y l pluck1 ,tom2 !y l pluck1 ,i tell  
y1 & 9 my op9ion %e's only mak9' b'lief1
 to dhraw y out4 ,try h]1 ,tom1 try h]4 
,i w1 fa!r1 & if ,i fail1 & ,i f9d t t  
spalpe5 ,l5non is at ! bottom ( x1 let  
!m bo? look out1 t's all4 ,= 8 "p1 ,i h 
a way ( deal+ ) him t he kn[s no?+ ab\t1
 & z = h]--  ,"h ,jamesy ,doyle came out
 into ! lane f ! f>m-y>d1 & fa!r & son  
imm$iately bran*$ (f 9 ! direction ( _! 

own h\se1 leav+ ,tom ,murdock's second  
"p ( ! ?reat unf9i%$4  ,b ,w9ny _h he>d 
en\gh4 ,h] he>t1 :i* _h be5 beat+ )     
indignation ! :ole "t1 _h ne>ly betray$ 
itself :5 %e he>d ,emon-a-knock call$ a 
spalpe54  ,"o ?+ %e 0 n[ c]ta9 (1 & !   
c]ta9ty gave h] :ole s\l relief1--t if  
ev] ,tom ,murdock c\ld h _h any *ance ( 
success ?r\gh h] fa!r's influ5ce1 & h]  
love = him1 x 0 n[ entirely at an end = 
ev]4 ,%\ld h] fa!r urge ! mat* ^u h]1 %e
 _h1 z a la/ rem$y1 b to reveal ?is     
conv]sation1 to ga9 him ov] indignantly 
to h] side4  #fff  ,w9ny 0 seldom v     
wrong 9 h] lik+s or dislik+s1 al?\gh    
p]haps bo? 7 =m$ 9 "s in/ances r ha/ily1
 & %e (t5 knew n :y4 ,9 ,tom ,murdock's 
case1 %e 0 glad1 & n[ r pr\d out (      
h]self1 t %e _h nev] lik$ him4  ,i knew 
! dirt 0 9 him1 %e said to h]self z %e  
return$ to ! h\se4 ,i wi% he did n live 
s ne> u1 = ,i =esee no?+ b tr\ble &     
vexation be=e me on 8 acc\nt4 ,i'm sorry
 ,jamesy ,doyle came out s soon4 ,i'd l 
to h he>d :at he 0 go+ to say ( myself1 

b sure he said en\gh4 ,em-on-a-knock may
 despise himself & 8 ?reat4 ,& %e w5t   
into ! h\se to prep>e ! d9n]4  ,tom     
,murdock1 not)/&+ 8 %ortcom+s1 & !y 7   
nei!r few nor f> betwe51 0 a %rewd1     
clev] fell[ 9 mo/ matt]s4 ,x 0 ow+ to   
?is %rewdness t he resolv$ to wat* = "s 
favorable opportunity1 r ?an seek a =mal
 meet+ ) ,w9ny ,cavana at wan/ z _h be5 
'advis$ by 8 fa!r4  ,,to ,,be ,,cont9u$4
  ------  ,f ,once a ,week4  ,,sa9t     
,,doro!a4    ,! sun blaz$ fi]cely out ( 
cl\dless blue1   ,& ! deep sea flung    
back ! gl>e aga91   ,z ?\gh !re 7 inde$ 
ano!r sun   ,)9 ! mimic sky reflect$    
!re2   ,n /eadily & /raight1 z f above1 
,b all a?w>t ! little rippl+ waves   ,! 
brok5 daybeams sp>kl+ leapt al(t   ,9   
glitt]+ ru92 sc>ce a brea? ( air   ,to  
/ir ! wat]s or to wave ! trees2   ,!    
fl[]s hung droop+1 & ! leaves lay close 
,aga9/ _! bran*es1 z if sick & fa9t   ,)
 ! dull heat & ne$+ /rong support4   ,! 
city walls1 ! /ones ( e /reet1   ,!     
h\ses gl['d1 y w\ld h ?\ght t none      

,w\ld v5ture =?1 till t ! graci\s night 
,%\ld come ) sable robe & wrap ! e>?    
,9 s(te/ folds1 & %ade m5 f ! day4   ,b 
see1 f e /reet ! see?+ cr[ds   ,p\r out1
 & all along ! way !y /&1   ,& ribald   
je/ & song res\nd al\d1   ,& light acco/
 & c>eless revelry3   ,:at means ?is1   
:]e=e flock ! p =?8   ,ceases ! hum1 a  
sudd5 sil5ce falls   ,on all ar\nd1 !   
tramp ( arm$ m5   ,r+s ?r\gh ! air2 &   
h>k1 :at fur!r s\nd8   ,a girl's fre%   
voice1 a sad sweet song is he>d   ,above
 ! clank ( arms1 m5 hold _! brea?2      
,yet n all sadness is t wondr\s *ant1   
,t hu%es ! wild cr[d ) sudd5 awe4   ,z  
:5 ! night+ale's melliflu\s tones       
,rise 9 ! woodl&1 ere ! o!r birds       
#ffg   ,h ceas$ _! vesp] hymn1 t mom5t  
drops   ,ea* flutt]+ song/]'s wild      
?anksgiv+ lay1   ,s = a:ile did sil5ce  
fall on all   ,)9 ! see?+ cr[d at t     
sweet voice4   ,%e comes1 !y br+ h] =?  
to die1 = %e   ,?is day mu/ w9 ! m>tyr's
 palm1 ?is day   ,mu/ witness = h] fai?1
 ?is day mu/ reap   ,! fruit ( all h]   

pa9s1 long re/ 9 heav56   ,long _h !y   
sp>$ h]1 = ! gov]nor   ,0 lo? t %e %\ld 
suff]1 & h] race   ,0 noble1 s !y hop$  
to make h] yield1   ,& wait$ /ill &     
wait$2 b at l5g?   ,!y grew enrag$ at h]
 calm /eadfa/ness1   ,!y knew n :5ce a  
resolution su*   ,z made a "y maid      
baffle ag$ m51   ,s %e mu/ die4         
,n[ z %e w5t along   ',mid/ all h]      
gu>ds1 aga9 bur/ =? ! mob   ,into su*   
bitt] taunts1 su* f\l wild words1   ,z  
s5t ! hot blood mantl+ to h] *eek   ,=  
%ame t %e1 a maid1 mu/ he> su* ?+s2   ,&
 yet 0 no remorse )9 _! he>ts1   ,no    
light ( pity 9 _! savage eyes1   ,l     
hungry wolves t sc5t ! blood f f>   ,!y 
h[l$ ) joy1 expectant ( _! prey4   ,!re 
0 "o !re1 he 9 old days _h lov$   ,h]   
fair "y face1 b he too n[1 ) scorn      
,writt5 9 8 d>k eyes & on 8 br[1   ,& 9 
! curl ( 8 %ort lip1 /ood by2   ,x      
'seem$ n su* a face1 t bitt] smile1   ,=
 he 0 pass+ fair1 9 y\?'s heyday2   ,b  
if contemptu\s 0 8 mi51 8 words   ,7    
worse = h] to be>1 = he cri$ out--      

,he1 :om h] he>t yet own'd its only     
love6   ,he1 :om %e held fir/ ( all liv+
 m56   ,he1 :om %e honor'd yet1 ?\gh    
left by him   ,9 h] di/ress &           
dang]6--?is man cri$1   ,ho1 ,doro!a6   
do? ! bridegroom wait8   ,& goe/ ?\ to 8
 arms8 ,joy g ) !e6   ,b yet :5 9 8     
palace c\rts above1   ,:]e( ?\ telle/1  
fair "o1 ?9k on u   ,:o toil 9 ?is sad  
_w bel[2 on me   ,?9k ?\ be=e all o!rs1 
?9e old love1   ,& s5d me some:at = a   
tok51 s5d   ,( t same heav5ly fruit & ( 
^? fl[]s   ,t fade n6                   
,!n %e turn'd & answ]'d him1   ,z ?\ ha/
 said1 s be x1 ?y reque/   ,is grant$6 &
 %e pass'd on to h] dea?4   ,%e di$3 h] 
s\l 0 rapt into ! skies4   ,! vulg>     
horde :o wat*'d h] torture1 knew        
,n\ght ( ! great unfa?omable bliss      
#ffh   ,:i* wait$ h]1 & :5 h] _s fl$    
,none saw ! angel b&s receive h]1 none  
,he>d ! long jubilant sweet s\nd t bur/ 
,?r\gh heav5's high gates1 swept f t5   
?\s& h>ps   ,by s]aph *oirs1 = %e _h di$
 on e>?   ,only to ent] on ! life above4

   ,night fell ^u ! e>?1 ! city lay     
,slumb'r+ 9 cool repose1 ! re/less sea1 
,we>y ) danc+ all day 'nea? ! sun1   ,0 
hu%$ to sleep by ! fa9t :isp'r+ breeze  
,t1 want+ =ce to sport1 b rose & fell   
,) soo?+ murmur1 l to p9e b\ghs /irr'd  
,by ! nor? w9d3 sleep held m5's eyelids 
close4   ,& he1 t y\?1 slept1 aye1 slept
 peacefully1   ,nor reck'd ( ! vile     
insult he _h p\r'd   ,^u ! head ( "o :om
 once he swore   ,to love beyond all    
o!rs4 ,z he lay1   ,wrapt 9 ! dreamless 
slumb] ( "y heal?1   ,sudd5 a light     
une>?ly cle> ha? fill'd   ,! *amb]1 & he
 />ts up f 8 c\*1   ,gaz+ 9 tr\bl$      
wond]3 by 8 side   ,:at sees he8        
,a "y boy he deems him fir/1   ,b :5 _h 
mortal su* a calm pure smile   ,s9ce our
 fir/ fa!r lo/ 8 purity8   ,a radiant   
angel1 r1 %\ld he be1   ,:o /&s all     
glori\s1 be>+ 9 8 h&s   ,su* fruit &    
fl[]s z surely nev] grew   ,on ?is dull 
e>?2 _! fragrance fill'd ! air1   ,&    
smote ! s5ses ( ,!ophilus1   ,t a sad   
ye>n+ rose )9 8 he>t1   ,su* z at times 

a /ra9 ( song w raise1   ,or "s *ance ^w
 w br+ 7we "k n :y71   ,flood+ ! inmo/  
s\l ) t /range s5se1   ,half pa91 half  
pleasure1 ( "s bygone "t--   ,"s f> (f &
 =gott5 happ9ess1   ,we "k n :]e nor    
:at4                      ,! /rang]     
spoke1   ,& ?us he said1 ,rise up1      
,!ophilus6   ,& take ^! gifts :i* ,i f  
heav5 br+4   ,fair ,doro!a1 m9dful ( h] 
words1   ,ha? s5t !e ^!1 & bids !e t    
h5ce=?   ,?\ sc(f n1 b believe6         
,) ^? same words   ,vani%'d ! *]ub1 & ! 
room 0 d>k1   ,save :]e ! moonbeams made
 unc]ta9 light1   ,& :]e rema9'd ^?     
blossoms & t fruit1   ,= f ea* leaf &   
/em !re /ream'd a ray   ,z ( ! morn+4   
,d[n ^u 8 c\*   ,!ophilus sank prone1 ) 
awe oppress'd2                #ffi   ,b 
= a mom5t4 ,/>t+ wildly up1   ,he cri$1 
,my love1 my ,doro!a1 li/6   ,if ?\ can/
 he> me 9 ^? />ry halls   ,:]e n[ ?\    
dwelle/1 ,i accept ?y gift4   ,d ?\ take
 m9e1 = ,i d give myself   ,up to !     
s]vice ( ?y ,"l2 ?y fai?   ,%all f ?is  
h\r be m9e1 = ,i believe6  ------       

,translat$ f ,d] ,ka?olik4  ,,! ,,two   
,,sides ,,( ,,ca?olicism4  ,second      
,article4  ,i4 ,,! ,,problem4  ,nei!r1  
says ,jesus ,*ri/1 d !y put new w9e into
 old bottles2 o!rwise ! bottles break1 &
 ! w9e runne? out4 ,! p>able tea*es t ! 
new _s ( ,*ri/ianity requires a new =m1 
correspond+ to its ess5ce4 ,! ess5ce & !
 =m ( ,*ri/ianity are1 !re=e1 intimately
 connect$4  ,:at is ?us g5]ally         
enunciat$ 9 reg>d to ! ess5tial         
connection ( ! _s ( ,*ri/ianity ) ! =ms 
( its expression1 is equally true ( !   
mutual relations subsi/+ betwe5 !       
sub/ance & ! manife/ation ( ! ,*ur*4    
,*ri/ianity & ! ,*ur* are virtually     
id5tical4 ,! =m]1 consid]$ z a s\rce (  
union & bro!rhood1 con/itutes ! ,*ur*1  
,9 a =m] article we h recogniz$         
,ca?olicism z ! type ( ! ,*ur* ,f\nd$ by
 ,*ri/4 ,h5ce ! int]dep5d5ce ( ! ess5ce 
) ! =m ( ,*ri/ianity 9 g5]al is n m     
?or\gh ?an t ( ! _s ( ! ,*ur* ) !       
hi/orical developm5t ( ,ca?olicism4  ,^!
 rem>ks w be f\nd to designate ! object 

( ! pres5t essay4 ,an inquiry into !    
fundam5tal pr9ciple ( ,ca?olicism mu/   
address itself to ! elucidation ( !     
cause ( ! necess>y connection betwe5 !  
_s & ! out] %ape ( ! ,*ur* j m5tion$4 ,!
 direction 9 :i* ! light is to be s\ght 
appe>s by ! p>able cit$ above4  ,! new  
w9e requires new bottles1 because !y    
only correspond ) its nature4 ,by ! same
 induction x is affirm$ t if ! true     
,*ur* is realiz$ only 9 ! =m (          
,ca?olicism1 ! reason is to be f\nd 9 ! 
inmo/ nature ( ! ,*ur*1 9 ! ca?olicity (
 h] _s4  ,?is idea ( ! inh]5t ca?olicity
 ( ! ,*ur*1 z well z ! =ego+ ass]tion ( 
a necess>y int]-dep5d5ce ( ! ess5ce ) ! 
image ( ,ca?olicism1 is to be e/abli%$  
on scriptural au?ority by ! foll[+      
disquisition4   ,,ii4 ,,! ,,k+dom ,,(   
,,god ,,on ,,e>?4  ,! %ape & =m 9 :i*   
,ca?olicism appe>s 9 hi/ory has its root
 9 ! papacy4 ,x is c]ta9ly des]v+ (     
att5tion1 t precisely 9 ! in/itution ( !
 papacy ! ,*ur* is designat$ by a "n :i*
 af=ds an insight into h] inmo/ nature4 

,on t occasion ! ,*ur*--mean+ ! ,*ur* z 
app>5t 9 hi/ory--is call$ ! k+dom (     
heav54  ,footnote #adf ,! ,"l says to   
,pet]1 ,i w give #fgj unto !e ! keys ( !
 k+dom ( heav52 a promise sub/antially !
 same ) t giv5 9 ! same brea? to ! same 
apo/le1 ?\gh "u a diff]5t metaphor1 :5  
,jesus calls him ! rock ^u :i* he w     
build 8 ,*ur*4 ,! primate is ! subject (
 bo? pr$ictions4 ,! apo/le ,pet] is to  
be ! f\ndation ( ! ,*ur*1 & he is to    
receive ! keys ( ! same edifice1 t is to
 say1 he is to be ! ma/] ( ! h\se4      
,footnote #adf3 ,matt4 xvi4 #ah1 #ai4   
,t ! epi!t ( k+dom ( heav5 expresses !  
ess5tial "* ( ! ,*ur*1 is easily %[n by 
a glance at ! passages ( ,scripture 9   
:i* ! ,*ur* is m5tion$4 ,su* is always !
 case :]e ! k+dom ( ,god or ( heav5 is  
repres5t$ z 9 c\rse ( realization on    
e>?4 ,9 ?is respect ! p>ables ( ,jesus  
are especially significant4 ,!y address 
!mselves pr9cipally to ! _s1 !          
organization1 & ! mo/ ess5tial          
peculi>ities ( ! new ord] ( ?+s :i*     

,jesus ,*ri/ _h come into ! _w to       
e/abli%4 ,9 ^! disc\rses ! new f\ndation
 is con/antly br\ght =w>d z ! k+dom (   
,god or ( heav54 ,?us we _c b recognize 
9 ?is expression a designation ( ! inn] 
ess5ce ( ! in/itution ( ,jesus4  ,at a  
"t :5 8 de/9$ k+dom _h n yet become     
hi/orically manife/1 ,jesus might /ill  
say1 9 ! same acceptation ( ! t]m1 t x 0
 already pres5t1 & palpable to all :o   
s\ght to grasp x4 ,?is actual pres5ce ( 
! k+dom is d$uc$ by ! ,"l f ! efficacy (
 8 miracles4 ,9 !m ! vital pr9ciple (   
,ca?olicism 0 already at "w4 ,x _h ent]$
 ! _w at ! same in/ant ) ! p]son ( !    
,son ( ,man4 ,b n until aft] ,*ri/ 0    
exalt$ did x assume a hi/orical         
palpability4 ,no less does ! decl>ation 
( ,jesus1 t f ! days ( ,john ! ,bapti/ !
 k+dom ( heav5 suff]e? viol5ce1 display 
,ca?olicism z a p[] ev5 be=e x came to  
figure 9 hi/ory4 ,= ?is v =w>dness ) :i*
 ev5 !n ! viol5t took x by =ce1 0 a     
product ( ! ,*ri/-l p[] :i* _h ent]$    
humanity simultane\sly ) ! p]son ( !    

,messiah4 ,& :]e ! ,jews are call$ sons 
( ! k+dom1 x is likewise 9 ref]5ce to   
?is elem5t>y pr9ciple ( ,ca?olicism4 ,x 
_h be5 plant$ 9 ! fir/ in/ance on !     
hi/orical soil ( ,judaism1 !nce1 (      
c\rse1 to spread its b5ign influ5ce ov] 
! e>?1 & ?us to make hi/orically manife/
 ! vital sub/ance ( ! ,*ur* 9 its only  
adequate expression4 ,_m %all come f !  
ea/ & ! we/1 & %all sit d[n ) ,abraham1 
& ,isaac1 & ,jacob1 9 ! k+dom4 ,on ! o!r
 h&1 ! k+dom %all be tak5 f ! ,jews1    
because !y h made x unfruitful4  ,no    
,*ri/ian s]mon %\ld omit to give ?is    
inn] view ( ,ca?olicism1 or ( ! adv5t ( 
! k+dom4 ,!re9 lies its peculi> =ce4 ,! 
prea*] ( ! gospel has no m effective ^w 
( consolation = ! pi\s s\ls :o give him 
a ready he>+1 ?an ! assurance t ! k+dom 
( ,god has come nigh unto !m4 ,9 ?is ^w1
 also1 ! apo/le ( ,*ri/ has 8 mo/ pot5t 
weapon aga9/ ! assailants ( ! ,*ur*4 ,if
 !y receive y n1 says ! ,"l unto 8      
disciples1 g y\r ways out into ! /reets 
( ! same city1 & say1 ,ev5 ! v du/ ( y\r

 city1 :i* cleave? on u1 we d wipe (f   
aga9/ y2 yet "k ?is1 t ! k+dom ( ,god is
 at h&4 ,! inv9cibility ( ,ca?olicism   
gr[s out ( ! p[] ( its pr9ciple4 ,z (   
old 9 enabl+ ! apo/les to heal ! sick1 s
 at ! pres5t day 9 h] v>i$ =tunes !     
,*ur* approves h]self ! k+dom ( ,god4   
,b h[ is ! int]ior ( ! ,*ur* relat$ to !
 ext]ior8 ,! ^w ( ! k+dom is ! se$ (    
,ca?olicism4 ,accord+ to ! quality ( !  
he>]s ( ! ^w1 ! gr[+ gra9 is fruitful or
 empty1 ! memb]s g5u9e or spuri\s4      
,aga91 ! k+dom ( heav5 is l to a net1   
ca/ into ! sea1 & ga!r+ toge!r all k9d (
 fi%es4 ,! k+dom ( ! ,son ( ,man is n   
)\t sc&als1 & !m t "w #fga iniquity4    
,footnote #adg ,h5ce ! k+dom ( ,god on  
e>? embraces ! entire ,*ur* 9 h]        
temporal exi/5ce4 ,! latt] is %[n to be 
a k+dom ( long-suff]+1 9 pres]v+ h]     
connection ev5 ) +r$i5ts e/rang$ f h] 9 
_s1 leav+ ! ultimate sep>ation ( ! false
 memb]s to ! f9al judgm5t4 ,ev5 ^! err+ 
ones c>ry on _! s\ls ! impress ( !      
k+dom1 ! signature ( baptism4 ,nev]!less

 _! adhesion to ! k+dom is ext]nal &    
objective m]ely4 ,9 ! m accurate s5se ( 
! ^w1 ! idea ( ! k+dom applies only to !
 m>r[1 ! s\l ( ! ,*ur*4 ,! good se$ only
 are ! real *ildr5 ( ! k+dom4           
,footnote #adg3 ,matt4 xiii4 #da4  ,?is 
acc\nt ( ! =mation ( ! k+dom ( ,god     
expla9s h[ ! ess5ce ( ! true ,*ur*      
becomes a hi/orical reality 9 ! actual  
condition ( ,ca?olicism1 not)/&+ its    
imp]fections4 ,! position1 !re=e1 t ! _s
 ( ! ,*ur* is insep>able f h] temporal  
exi/5ce by no means d5ies t ?is         
hi/orical ext]ior ( ,ca?olicism may be  
infect$ ) elem5ts hav+ no?+ 9 common )1 
& ev5 ho/ile to1 ! "* ( ! true ,*ur*4   
,?is results f ! fact t ! true ,*ur*1   
?\gh always pres]v+ a unit>y            
organization1 realizes h]self by degrees
 only4 ,! =m ( ,ca?olicism is gradually 
purifi$ & disclos$ by ! sanctify+ virtue
 ( its inn] life4 ,?us x is t p>asites  
take root 9 ! soil ( ! ,*ur*4  ,x is    
!re=e a %ift+ ( ! real issue :5 ,mr4    
,hase def9es ! ,ca?olic antagonism to ! 

ideal ,*ur* ( ,prote/antism z consi/+ 9 
a notion ( ,ca?olicism t 9 all ess5tial 
attributes !re is a p]fect congruity    
betwe5 ! idea ( ! ,*ur* & ! concrete    
,*ur* ( ,rome2 or 9 o!r words1 t ! latt]
 ,*ur* is at all tunes ! p]fect type (  
,*ri/ianity4 ,two di/9ct ?+s are "h     
conf\nd$4 ,! position ( ,ca?olicism--t !
 ess5ce ( ! true ,*ur*1 s f> z realiz$  
at all1 exi/s only )9 ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 
:]e alone1 !re=e1 a fur!r developm5t (  
?is ess5ce c be accompli%$ or ! ideal ( 
! ,*ur* atta9$--is by no means equival5t
 to ! pret5sion1 attribut$ to           
,ca?olicism by ,hase1 t ,ca?olicism has 
already atta9$ ! ideal1 or t x is at all
 times ! mo/ p]fect repres5tation (     
,*ri/ianity4 ,aft] ?is misrepres5tation 
( ! position ( ,ca?olicism1 ,hase has no
 difficulty 9 di/ort+ ! well-kn[n       
,ca?olic doctr9e t s9n]s also belong to 
! ,*ur* into an unconsci\s ackn[l$gm5t (
 ! ideal ,*ur* ( ,prote/antism4  ,:ile !
 tol]ation ( spuri\s memb]s is a m&ate (
 ! educational mission ( ! ,*ur*1 x     

involves1 moreov]1 a special disp5sation
 ( ,div9e ,provid5ce4 ,l h] div9e       
pr9ciple1 ! ,*ur* appe>s z a s]vant     
among m54 ,! beauty ( h] inn] life is   
veil$ b5ea? an ext]ior cov]$ ) manifold 
imp]fections4 ,?is s]ves z a con/ant    
admonition to ! ,*ur* n to rely ^u      
ext]nals4 ,yet ev5 ^! %ad[s on ! image (
 ! ,*ur* are evid5ces ( h] vitality4 ,h[
 sup]human mu/ be an organization :i*   
outla/s all enemies 9 spite ( _m        
defici5cies6 ,x is error1 !re=e1 to inf]
 f ! und5iable1 practical incongruity   
betwe5 ! ess5ce ( ! ,*ur* & h] outw>d =m
 t !re _c be an exclusive1 concrete     
realization ( ! true ,*ur* 9 hi/ory4    
,to make ! gr[? ( ,ca?olicism           
intelligible to 8 he>]s1 ,jesus comp>es 
! k+dom ( heav5 ) a gra9 ( mu/>d1 :i*   
unfolds ! lea/ ( all se$s to a /ately   
tree4 ,imm$iately !reaft] x is said t ! 
k+dom ( heav5 p5etrates ! mass (        
humanity l leav54 ,! law ( developm5t ( 
,ca?olicism is fur!r illu/rat$ by !     
foll[+ p>able3 ,! e>?1 says ,jesus1     

br+e? =? fruit2 fir/ ! blade1 !n ! e>1  
aft]w>d ! full corn 9 ! e>2 man has b to
 ca/ ! se$ into ! e>?2 !n he may sleep1 
& ! se$ %all #fgb spr+ & gr[ up1 he     
kn[e? n h[4 ,ev5 s is ! k+dom ( ,god4 ,!
 ,*ur* !re=e c>ries ! g]ms ( h] gr[? 9  
h] inmo/ nature4 ,ca?olicism is         
gradually develop$ out ( itself1 f )94  
,?anks to ! en]gy ( h] own pr9ciple1 !  
,*ur* ) h] arms encircles nation aft]   
nation4 ,! faculty ( be+ all ?+s unto   
all m5 %e owes to h] be+ ! k+dom ( ,god4
 ,"h is ! root ( ,ca?olicism4 ,z ! k+dom
 ( ,god1 ! ,*ur* is fraught ) a weal?   
adequate to ! m5tal requirem5ts ( all   
individuals & all nations4 ,z ! k+dom ( 
,god1 ! ,*ur* is adapt$ to e age &      
clime4  ,! ^w ,*ur* is us$ by ,jesus    
,*ri/ f> m r>ely ?an t ( ! k+dom (      
heav52 inde$ b twice1 & on ea* occasion 
9 direct ref]5ce to ! ext]nal =m ( !    
,*ur*4  ,t ?is hi/orical ext]ior (      
,ca?olicism1 designat$ ! ,*ur*1 is !    
manife/ation ( ! k+dom ( ,god1 ,we h    
already d$uc$ f ,matt4 xvi4 #ah1 #ai1 & 

xiii4 #da4 ,! same tru? is express$ 9 ! 
p>able ( ! treasure hid 9 ! field4 ,he  
:o w\ld possess ! treasure1 t is to say1
 ! k+dom ( heav51 or ! vital pr9ciple ( 
,ca?olicism1 mu/ buy ! field 9 :i* ! gem
 is conceal$4 ,! field1 ! ,ca?olic      
ext]ior ( ! ,*ur*1 is n ! inn] life2 b !
 latt] is realiz$ only 9 ! hi/orical =m 
( ,ca?olicism4  ,x n[ behooves u to m   
precisely exp\nd ?is relation betwe5 !  
_s & ! out] =m ( ! ,*ur* f ! words (    
,jesus4 ,! way to d ?is is indicat$ by  
our ,"l himself4 ,x consi/s 9 an ext5d$ 
analysis ( ! biblical idea ( ! k+dom (  
,god4 ,9 x is disclos$ ! inmo/ nature ( 
! ,*ur* & !reby ! ultimate orig9 ( h]   
hi/orical figure z in/itut$ by ,*ri/1 or
 ! pr9ciple ( ,ca?olicism1 :i* is !     
object ( our se>*4  ,my k+dom1 says !   
,"l1 is n ( ?is _w2 t is to say1 its    
orig9 is n "h1 & x is n e/abli%$ by !   
ex]cise ( worldly p[]4 ,regnum meum non 
e/ h9c4 ,true1 ! k+dom ( ,*ri/ is       
e/abli%$ 9 ! mid/ ( ! _w1 b x 0 n g5]at$
 !re3 f above1 f heav51 x 0 plant$ 9 !  

_w z a sup]natural realm ( grace4 ,!re=e
 its exi/5ce & its ext5sion is 9 no wise
 dep5d5t on worldly p[]2 its f\ndations 
lie deep]1 9 ! pr9ciple ( tru? :i* has  
ent]$ ! _w ) ,*ri/4 ,= ?is cause came he
 into ! _w1 t he %\ld be> witness unto !
 tru?4 ,all !y t are ( ! tru?1 d him    
homage z _! k+1 & he> 8 k+ly voice4 ,!  
same pr9ciple works 9 !m z t ( a new    
wor%ip2 !y wor%ip ! ,fa!r 9 _s & 9 tru?4
  ,b ?is elevat$ s5se ( tru? 9          
individual s\ls is ! fruit ( a high] =m 
( be+4 ,he t is ( ,god he>e? ! words (  
,god2 b !y he> !m n :o are n ( ,god4 ,! 
entrance into ! k+dom ( ,god !re=e      
necess>ily presupposes a new beg9n+ (   
man's life1 a new bir? ( wat] & ( ! ,_s4
 ,:]ev] ! k+dom ( ,god obta9s a foo?old1
 x assumes ! =m ( an entirely new /ate (
 ?+s1 ( a new creation1 ( ! pr9ciple ( a
 new m5tal activity1 a new nature ( !   
_s4  ,a transmutation ( our s\ls1 su* z 
j describ$1 necess>ily involves a       
rupture ) ! natural man1 a disc>d+ ( !  
orig9al individuality4 ,)\t ?is         

alt]ation we are imp]vi\s to ! new light
 :i* is to ent] our s\ls toge!r ) !     
k+dom ( ,god4 ,?is indisp5sable         
self-d5ial is accompli%$ by a two-fold  
in/rum5tality--by ! love ( ,god1 :i* is 
! fir/ comm&m5t1 & by ! love ( our      
neighbor z ourselves4 ,:oev] is 9 ?is   
frame ( m9d is pron\nc$ by ,jesus to be 
n f> f ! k+dom ( ,god4  ,:at has be5    
said reveals ano!r peculi>ity ( ! k+dom 
( ,god on e>?4 ,x is a sup]natural      
k+dom4 ,at ?is po9t only d we fully     
compreh5d ! title ( ! ,*ur* to #fgc !   
designation ( ! k+dom ( heav54 ,! k+dom 
( ,god hi/orically manife/$ 9 ! ,*ur* is
 intimately connect$ ) ! intro-div9e    
relations or ! inmo/ life ( ! ,deity4   
,by admission into ! ,*ur* ,god ! ,fa!r 
translates u into ! k+dom ( 8 belov$    
,son4 ,?is is n m]ely an ex]cise ( !    
creative love common to ! ?ree p]sons ( 
! ,tr9ity4 ,on ! contr>y1 x is an       
evid5ce :at mann] ( love ! ,fa!r ha?    
be/[$ ^u u t we %\ld be call$ ! sons (  
,god4 ,precisely 9 ?is is ! peculi>     

sup]natural "* ( ?is disp5sation made   
manife/4 ,x is ?is sup]natural          
*>act]i/ic ( ! ,*ur* :i* acc\nts = !    
be/[al ^u ! ,*ur* ( ! "n ( ! com+ realm 
( glory4 ,! g]m ( ! latt] is already    
conta9$ 9 ! exi/+ ,*ur*4 ,:ile1 = ?is   
reason1 ! ,*ur* visible is call$ ! k+dom
 ( heav51 s ! latt] cont9ues to be> ! "n
 ( ! ,*ur* ev5 9 ! spl5dor ( its et]nal 
glory4 ,?is circum/ance w>rants ! bold  
utt]ance ( ! apo/le t our conv]sation is
 9 heav54 ,9 ! same s5se x is laid d[n 9
 ! cate*ism ( ! c\ncil ( ,tr5t t ! ,*ur*
 militant & ! ,*ur* triumphant are b two
 p>ts ( ! "o ,*ur*1 n two *ur*es2 & )   
entire consi/5cy ! same au?ority speaks 
( ! ,*ur* militant z synonym\s ) ! k+dom
 ( heav54  ,x is b ano!r expression = ! 
sup]natural "* ( ! ,*ur* if %e is call$ 
! ,j]usalem :i* is above1 ev5 9 h]      
hi/orical =m & figure4 ,& precisely     
because ?is epi!t applies to h]1 %e is  
free & is our "m4 ,! ca?olicity ( !     
,*ur*1 h] faculty ( enfold+ all mank9d1 
( be+ ! spiritual "m ( u all1 is ow+ to 

h] sup]natural "*4  ,?is doctr9e ( !    
sup]naturalness ( ! ,*ur* is ! connect+ 
l9k betwe5 ! ess5ce & ! =m (            
,ca?olicism4 ,z ! latt] is sup]natural 9
 its "*1 s mu/ ! =m ( its e/abli%m5t be>
 a sup]natural impress4 ,h[ c any?+     
utt]ly sup]natural atta9 an adequate =m 
( expression by m]e natural developm5t8 
,x assumes a hi/orical reality 9 s f>   
only z x assumes simultane\sly ) its    
sup]natural ess5ce a correspond+        
sup]natural image4 ,! =m z well z !     
sub/ance ( ! ,*ur* mu/ ne$s be ! fruit (
 an imm$iate int]position ( ,god1       
because ! sub/ance mu/ ne$s ex]cise its 
sup]natural functions4  ,! idea j       
express$ may h be5 dimly pres5t to ! m9d
 ( ,moehl] :5 he wrote3 ,b x is !       
conviction ( ,ca?olics t ?is purpose ( !
 div9e revelation 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus w\ld n 
h be5 atta9$ at all1 or at lea/ w\ld h  
be5 atta9$ b v imp]fectly1 if ?is       
embodim5t ( ! tru? _h be5 b mom5t>y1 &  
if ! p]sonal manife/ation ( ! ,^w _h n  
be5 suffici5tly p[]ful to give its tones

 ! highe/ degree ( int5sifi$ animation1 
& ! mo/ p]fect conceivable efficacy1 t  
is to say1 to brea! into x ! brea? (    
life1 & to create a union once m sett+  
=? ! tru? 9 its vitality1 & rema9+      
emblematically ! conclusive au?ority =  
all "t1 or1 9 o!r words1 repres5t+ ,*ri/
 himself4  ,view$ 9 ?is light1 !        
hi/orical manife/ation ( ! ,*ur*1       
in/itut$ ,matt4 xvi4 #ah1 #ai1 pres5ts  
itself z a po/ulate ( h] ess5ce4        
,because ! ,*ur* 0 ess5tially de/9$     
hi/orically to manife/ ! k+dom ( ,god1 !
 ,"l built h] ^u ,pet]1 ! rock4 ,a      
temporal e/abli%m5t ( ! k+dom ( heav5 9 
! mid/ ( ?is _w requir$ ! div9e         
in/allation ( an individual keep] ( !   
keys4 ,?us ! idea ( ! papacy fl[s f t ( 
a k+dom ( ,god on e>?4  ,if1 !n1 ?is    
explanation pres5ts ,ca?olicism z a     
sup]natural k+dom1 & if ?is v attribute 
con/itutes ! *>act]i/ic feature ( its   
be+1 its inmo/ life & fundam5tal #fgd   
pr9ciple1 x is manife/ly inadmissible to
 place ! k+dom ( ,god z e/abli%$ 9 !    

,*ur* on ! same foot+ ) ! works (       
creation4 ,a juxtaposition l ?is w\ld   
entirely ignore ! vital ess5ce ( !      
,*ur*1 t is to say1 h] sup]iority to    
nature4  ,! same di/9ction is ov]look$  
by ^? :o reg>d ,*ur* & /ate z simply two
 manife/ations ( ! same k+dom ( ,god4   
,su* is ! po9t ( view ( a sy/em ( moral 
!ology1 ! influ5ce ( :i* ^u ! op9ions   
prevail+ among a consid]able fraction ( 
! pres5t g5]ation ( !ologians is n to be
 mi/ak54 ,9 ! eye ( t doctr9e ,mosaism &
 ,*ri/ianism--/ate & ,*ur*--bo?         
ext]nally repres5t ! k+dom1 & bo?       
repres5t "o & ! same k+dom2 ! =m] ! /ate
 r 9 its negative1 ! latt] ! ,*ur* r 9  
its positive aspect4 ,& ?us we h two    
great =mations 9 :i* ! k+dom on e>? is  
made manife/1 ,*ur* & /ate4 ,c\ld       
,hirs*] h rea*$ any o!r conclusion8 ,he 
reg>ds x z 8 task to dispose ( ! "q :e!r
 ! g]ms ( ! div9e k+dom1 l se$s1 are    
implant$ 9 ! "* ( man z 9 a fruitful    
soil1 & :e!r !y c spr+ =? f x i4e41 f ! 
"* or nature ( man himself & blossom z !

 k+dom ( ,god4  ,al?\gh x is "h said t  
,god abode 9 man ) 8 ,holy ,_s & ) its  
sanctify+ grace1 yet ! ,holy ,_s or 8   
grace is n made ! f\ndation ^u :i* !    
k+dom is erect$2 t f\ndation is s\ght1  
on ! contr>y1 9 ! div9e p[]s infus$ into
 man at 8 creation4 ,god only assi/s at 
! uprais+ ( ! k+dom ?r\gh !m by dwell+ 9
 !m = ev] z ! pr9ciple ( div9e guidance4
  ,! logical inf]5ce f ^! premises1 :i* 
seek ! g]ms ( ! k+dom ( ,god z e/abli%$ 
on e>? 9 human nature itself1 t is to   
say1 9 ! heav5ly faculties inh]5t 9 man1
 is well disclos$ 9 ! def9ition ( !     
k+dom ( ,god on e>? giv5 by ,pet]s51 a  
!ologian re>$ 9 ! s*ool ( ,s*lei]ma*]4  
,! k+dom ( ,god on e>?1 says he1 is at  
once ,*ur*1 /ate1 & civilization1 i4e41 
x is an organism ( community 9 religion1
 morals1 & society1 & by ^! ?ree special
 organisms x ess5tially approa*es1      
develops1 & p]fects its organic unity1 9
 organiz+ its religi\s pr9ciple 9 !     
,*ur*1 its moral framework 9 ! /ate1 &  
its natural base 9 civilization1 ?us 9 !

 unity ( all ?ree r\nd+ its proportions 
z a univ]sal organism ( g5u9e humanity4 
,if ! g]ms ( ! div9e k+dom1 l se$s1 are 
implant$ 9 ! "* ( man z 9 a fruitful    
soil1 x is entirely consi/5t to reg>d ! 
k+dom ( ,god on e>? z sub/antially      
id5tical ) ! idea ( ! human race1 z !   
realization ( t idea4  ,x gives u       
pleasure to /ate t ! notion ( ! k+dom ( 
,god on e>? j allud$ to has be5 decl>$  
unscriptural ev5 9 a ,prote/ant exegesis
 ( great] ?or\ghness4   ,footnote #adh  
,footnote #adh3 ,h(man1 ,s*riftbeweis1  
#ahee4   ,,iii4 ,,! ,,body ,,( ,,*ri/4  
,next to ! idea ( ! k+dom ( ,god1 ! mo/ 
significant expression = ! inn] ess5ce (
 ,ca?olicism is f\nd 9 ! scriptural     
conception ( ! body ( ,*ri/4 ,z 8 body1 
! ,*ur* is intimately connect$ ) him4   
,*ri/ & ! ,*ur* belong toge!r z ! head &
 ! body2 bo? con/itute a s+le :ole4 ,?is
 intimate relation betwe5 ,*ri/ & !     
,*ur* is describ$ by ! ,scriptures 9    
animat$ t]ms4 ,! ,*ur*1 x says1 is =    
,*ri/ :at our own body is = u2 z memb]s 

( ! ,*ur* we are memb]s ( ! body (      
,*ri/1 ( 8 fle%1 & ( 8 bones4 ,on "o    
occasion1 inde$1 ! apo/le uses ! ^w     
,*ri/ z synonym\s ) ! ,*ur*1 s intimate 
is _! relation4  #fge  ,& x is ! ,son ( 
,man1 or ,*ri/ 9 8 human capacity1 z ^: 
body ! ,*ur* is reg>d$4 ,= z ! head !re(
 ! apo/le designates him :o 0 rais$ f ! 
dead4 ,! ,*ur* "h ent]s into a pr(\ndly 
intimate relation to ! sacr$ humanity ( 
,*ri/4 ,we %all seek fur!r pr(it f ?is  
idea 9 ! sequel4  ,imm$iately aft] hav+ 
call$ ! ,*ur* ! body ( ,*ri/1 he calls  
h] ! ,greek text4 ,?is epi!t results f !
 =ego+4 ,x is because %e is ! body (    
,*ri/ t ! ,*ur* is ! ,greek text4 ,i    
translate ^! difficult words1 ! fulness 
( him :o fille? all 9 all4 ,god :o      
fille? all ?+s ) 8 ess5tial pres5ce1 9  
:om we live1 & move1 & h our be+1 ha? 8 
fulness 9 ! ,*ur*4 ,! ,*ur* is entirely 
fill$ ) ,god4 ,b h[8 ,is n ,god1 9 8 v  
nature1 pres5t ev]y:]e8 ,h[ !n c ! ,*ur*
 be fill$ ) ,god 9 a great] degree ?an !
 _w )\t8 ,z ! body ( ,*ri/1 %e has ?is  

capacity4 ,= if ! ,*ur*1 z ,*ri/'s body1
 assumes a special relation1 peculi> to 
h]self1 to 8 sacr$ humanity1 !n1 by t v 
assumption1 %e acquires a %>e 9 ! ,greek
 text ( ! ,deity :i* dwells bodily 9 t  
sacr$ humanity4 ,%e !reby becomes ! spot
 :]e ,god is especially reveal$ &       
glorifi$4 ,= :ile ,god1 9 ! fulness ( 8 
nature1 is pres5t ov] all ! _w1         
nev]!less ?is pres5ce is m l>gely app>5t
 9 ! ,*ur* ?an else:]e4 ,by ! ,*ur*     
alone ! manifold wisdom ( ,god is kn[n  
unto ! pr9cipalities & p[]s 9 heav5ly   
places4 ,9 him is glory 9 ! ,*ur* by    
,*ri/ ,jesus ?r\gh\t all ages1 _w )\t   
end4 ,?us %e /&s approv$ z 8 pl]oma1 z  
entirely fill$ ) ,god4  ,b h[ are we to 
und]/& ?is repletion ( ! ,*ur* ) ,god8  
,x is well kn[n t ,moehl] sees 9 !      
visible ,*ur* ! ,son ( ,god cont9ually  
appe>+ among m5 9 human =m1 con/antly   
re-creat+1 et]nally rejuv5at+ himself1 8
 p]petual inc>nation4 ,9 ?is s5se he    
appreh5ds ! scriptural conception ( !   
body ( ,*ri/1 ! int]pretation ( ! div9e 

& ! human 9 ! ,*ur*4 ,?is proposition1  
:i* has become celebrat$1 0 int5d$1 9 ! 
fir/ in/ance1 to af=d a m pr(\nd insight
 into ! visibility ( ! ,*ur*1 9 addition
 to :i* x is insep>able f ,moehl]'s     
views on ! subject ( ! means ( grace4 ,9
 ?is tw(old light we mu/ make x !       
subject ( exam9ation4  ,moehl] goes on  
to argue t1 if ! ,*ur* is a cont9uance (
 ! inc>nation1 %e mu/ be1 l ! latt]1 a  
visible "o4 ,?is c mean no m ?an t ev5 z
 ! ,son ( ,god dur+ 8 /ay ^u e>? wr\ght 
visibly = mank9d 9 ! fle%1 s also ! sav+
 efficacy ( ,*ri/1 abid+ aft] 8 dep>ture
 f ! e>?1 requires a visible m$ium4 ,su*
 a po9t1 h[ev]1 ,prote/antism is f> f   
disput+4 ,9 ! sep>ate congregations1 9  
_! visible means ( grace1 & 9 ! audible 
exposition ( ! ^w ( ,god1 ev5           
,prote/ants admit t ! efficacy ( ,*ri/  
is visibly p]petuat$1 & ! idea (        
,*ri/ianity & ! ,*ur* gradually realiz$4
 ,e ,prote/ant d5om9ation aspires to be 
! palpable image1 ! liv+ pres5tm5t1 ( ! 
,*ri/ian religion4 ,moehl]'s conception 

( ! ,son ( ,god cont9ually appe>+ among 
m5 9 human =m has ev5 become a favorite 
!me ( mod]n ,prote/ant !ology4 ,?is w   
appe> f ! m]e p]usal ( ! disquisitions  
on ?is head ( ! s-call$ ,*ri/ological   
s*ool4 ,! advantage ga9$ = ! ,ca?olic   
int]pretation am\nts to no?+4 ,= ! po9t 
is n t ! efficacy ( ,*ri/ is p]petually 
ex]cis$ among m5 9 a visible mann]1 b x 
is 9 "q :e!r ?is cont9u$ ex]cise ensues 
only 9 ! fold ( a p>ticul> in/itution1 &
 by p>ticul> means ( grace4  ,moehl]    
arriv$ at 8 doctr9e 9 #fgf ref]5ce to ! 
,*ur* ?r\gh ! m$ium ( 8 views reg>d+ !  
means ( grace4 ,9 8 op9ion ! ,eu*>i/ic  
desc5t ( ! ,son ( ,god 7& ! same mu/ be 
inf]r$ to apply to all ! means ( grace  
:i* x is ! function ( ! ,*ur* to adm9i/]
  ,footnote #adi7 is a "p ( ! totality (
 8 m]it1 :]e) we are r$eem$4 ,!         
sacram5tal (f]+ ( ,*ri/ is ! conclusion 
( 8 great sacrifice = u1 & 9 x all ! o!r
 p>ts ( ! same sacrifice are to be be/[$
 ^u u2 9 ?is f9al portion ( ! objective 
(f]+1 ! :ole is to become subjective1 a 

"p ( our individual be+4 ,b ! inc>nation
 ( ,god1 or1 9 o!r words1 ! "w ( our    
salvation accompli%$ by ,*ri/ dur+ 8    
walk ^u e>?1 /&s 9 ne$ ( no cont9uation 
or completion by a po/hum\s labor (     
,*ri/1 con/itut+ a "p ( ! totality ( 8  
m]it1 :]e) we are r$eem$4 ,! p]petual   
condesc5sion ( ,*ri/1 adm9i/]$ by !     
,*ur*1 to our helplessness1 does n =m a 
complem5t to ! objective "w ( salvation2
 x is n an integral "p ( x1 b only its  
cont9u$ application4 ,*ri/us says       
,su>ez1 jam v]o nos non r$imit1 s$      
applicat nobis r$emptionem suam         
,footnote #aej ,if ?is "w ( r$emption 7 
ev5 n[ 9 progress--t is to say1 if !    
,eu*>i/ic desc5t ( ! ,son ( ,god 7 a "p 
( ! totality ( 8 m]its1 :]e) we are     
r$eem$1 !n ,*ri/ w\ld n h fully tak5    
away ! s9 ( ! _w once = all on ,golgo?a4
 ,:o w\ld ma9ta9 su* a proposition8     
,moehl] w\ld be ! la/ man to d s4 ,he   
w\ld !re=e und\bt$ly h r5\nc$ ! op9ion 9
 "q if ^!1 its logical results1 _h      
pres5t$ !mselves to 8 m9d4 ,! sacram5tal

 (f]+ ( ,*ri/1 z inde$ ! :ole ( 8       
p]5nial sav+ efficacy 9 ! sacram5ts ( ! 
,*ur*1 :]e) we are sav$1 is only ! means
 by :i* x is appli$ to our salvation4 ,!
 gr\nd ( salvation = all mank9d 0       
p]fect$ 9 ! suff]+s & dea? ( ,*ri/4 ,!  
realization ( salvation = individuals is
 accompli%$ by _! appropriat+ to        
!mselves ! salvation pur*as$ or a*iev$ =
 all mank9d by ! preci\s blood ( ,jesus 
,*ri/2 a "w 9 :i*1 und\bt$ly1 ,*ri/     
himself co-op]ates z ! head ( ! ,*ur*4  
,footnote #adi3 ,=1 accord+ to ,/4      
,?omas1 ! ,eu*>i/ is !   p]fectio omnis 
sacram5ti1 hab5s quasi 9 capitulo et    
summo   omnia1 quae alia sacram5ta      
cont95t s+illatim2 ! p]fection   ( !    
:ole sacram5t1 hav+ z x 7 9 an epitome &
 a   summ>y all ! virtues :i*1 o!r      
sacram5ts conta9   s+ly4--,,iv4 ,s5t4 a4
 #h4 q4 #a1 a4 #b1 solut4 #b ad4 #d4    
,footnote #aej3 ,at pres5t ,*ri/ does n 
r$eem u1 b applies   to u 8 r$emption4  
,de ,inc>nat41 ,p>4 ,i41 ,disp4 #ci1    
,sec4 #c4  ,9 ?is s5se ! apo/le says t  

he fills up ^? ?+s t are want+ ( !      
suff]+s ( ,*ri/ 9 8 fle%4 ,by fai?fully 
foll[+ ,*ri/1 we p>take m & m ( ! fruits
 ( r$emption4 ,?us is ,*ri/ likewise    
gradually fulfill$ 9 ! individual       
,*ri/ians--t is to say1 he f9ds 9 !m a m
 & m ample expression4 ,& 9 ! same      
degree 9 :i* ,*ri/ /amps himself ^u !   
s+le memb]s ( ! ,*ur*1 ! latt] also is m
 & m fill$ ) him4  ,sc>ce has ! apo/le  
decl>$ ( ,*ri/1 9 ,col4 ii4 #i1 t 9 him 
dwelle? all ! ,greek text ( ! ,godhead  
corporally1 :5 he turns to ! ,colossians
 ) ! words1 ,& y are fill$ 9--,god t is 
to say1 9 him1 i4e4 9 ,*ri/1 9 s f> z ye
 /& 9 communion ) him1 :i* is ! head (  
all pr9cipality & p[]4 ,?is communion ( 
individuals ) ,*ri/1 & _! att5dant      
p>ticipation 9 ! fulness ( ! ,godhead   
:i* dwelle? 9 him1 is accompli%$ by !   
in/rum5tality ( ! ,*ur*1 p>ticul>ly by !
 sacram5t ( baptism1 :i* incorporates ! 
individual ) ! ,*ur*4 ,v]se #aj-ab3 ,et 
e/is 9 illo repleti4 ,9 quo et          
circumcisi e/is1 circumcisione non manu 

facta1 s$ 9 circumcisione ,*ri/i1       
consepulti ei 9 baptismo4  ,?us ! ,*ur* 
is se5 to be ! pl]oma ( ! ,godhead 9 a  
tw(old #fgg po9t ( view4 ,fir/1 9 h]    
memb]s1 :i*1 be+ gradually fill$ ) ,god1
 become p>tak]s ( ! div9e nature4 ,9 !  
second place1 9 ! active coop]ation ( ! 
,*ur* h]self 9 ! p]=mance ( ?is "w4  ,9 
! fir/ reg>d1 ! repletion ( ! ,*ur* )   
,god is n a /ate atta9$ once = all4 ,x  
is r a process ( measur$ gr[? ,greek    
text4 ,! measure ( ! age ( ! fulness (  
,*ri/ is ! goal & ! objective po9t ( !  
entire developm5t ( ! ,*ur*4 ,x w be    
atta9$ :5 e individual %all h become    
complete 9 ,*ri/1 & !re) also 9 8 own   
p]son a pl]oma ( ,*ri/4 ,9 ! edify+ ( ! 
body ( ,*ri/1 or 9 ! e/abli%m5t ( !     
,*ur*1 !re=e1 we mu/ "w )\t repose till 
we all meet 9 ! unity ( ! fai? & ( ! k (
 ! ,son ( ,god4 ,9 ?is s5se only c x be 
said t !re is a progress 9 ! ,*ur*4 ,?is
 cont9u$ developm5t ( ,ca?olicism !     
apo/le reg>ds z a gradual repletion ( ! 
s+le memb]s ( ! ,*ur* ) all ! fulness ( 

,god1 ,greek text4  ,we h z yet1 h[ev]1 
come to "k b ! "o phase ( ?is relation (
 ! ,*ur* to ,*ri/1 or to ! pl]oma ( !   
,godhead4 ,! ,*ur* is n only de/9$ to   
pres5t h]self at ! close ( h] hi/orical 
developm5t z ! pl]oma ( him t fille? all
 9 all2 %e is ev5 n[ entitl$ to ?is     
attribute1 by virtue ( h] ess5tial "*4  
,on ?is head we d]ive in/ruction f a    
ne>] contemplation ( ! process (        
developm5t 9 :i* ! erection ( ! ,*ur* is
 complet$4 ,! :ole body1 says ! apo/le1 
mean+ ! body ( ,*ri/ himself1 make?     
increase ( ! body unto ! edify+ ( itself
 9 *>ity4 ,! ,*ur* !re=e c>ries )9      
h]self1 9 ! inmo/ recesses ( h] be+1 !  
pr9ciple & ! g]m9al p[] ( h] :ole       
developm5t4 ,?is fundam5tal pr9ciple (  
,ca?olicism is ,*ri/ himself1 :o p]vades
 ! ,*ur* z 8 body4  ,!re is a subjective
 & an objective repletion ( ! ,*ur* )   
,*ri/4 ,! =m] progresses gradually1 9 s 
f> z ! s+le memb]s ( ! ,*ur* assimilate 
!mselves m & m to ,*ri/4 ,! latt] is a  
giv5 /ate ( ?+s f ! fir/4 ,9 x consi/s !

 mo/ subtle ess5ce ( ! ,*ur*4 ,?is      
objective pres5ce ( ,*ri/ 9 h] approves 
itself z ! vital p[] ( h] gr[?4 ,!      
gradual rip5+ ( ! ,*ur* !re=e gr[s up   
into ,*ri/ 7,greek text1 ,eph4 iv4 #ae7 
on ! "o h&1 & proce$s f him 7,greek     
text7 on ! o!r4 ,f him--t is to say1 by 
means ( ! vivify+ influ5ce ( ! ,son (   
,god1 pres5t 9 ! ,*ur*1 %e make?        
increase ( h]self unto ! edify+ ( h]self
 9 *>ity4  ,x is ! same idea1 :5 !      
apo/le *>act]izes ! gr[? ( ! ,*ur* z an 
,greek text1 an augm5tum ,dei1 i4e41 a  
gr[? emanat+ f ,god4 ,god effects x1 b  
by ! in/rum5tality ( ! ,*ur*1 )9 h] & z 
issu+ f h]4 ,= ?is purpose ,god ha?     
in/all$ h] z 8 pl]oma4 ,precisely       
because ! ,*ur* is fill$ ) ,god1 or is 8
 pl]oma1 ! memb]s ( ! ,*ur* may         
gradually become complete 9 him4 ,?us   
!re is a developm5t & a progress only = 
! individual memb]s ( ! ,*ur*4 ,%e      
h]self1 by virtue ( h] ess5tial "*1 is  
sup]ior to developm5t1 & acts z !       
impell+ =ce ( ?is developm5t4           

,*ri/ianity has a hi/ory1 b x is n      
itself a hi/ory4 ,! ess5ce (            
,*ri/ianity1 :i* is t ( ! ,*ur*1 is n a 
?+ 9 process ( =mation1 x is a ?+       
accompli%$ & p]fect f ! beg9n+4  ,!     
scriptural idea ( ! body ( ,*ri/ pres5ts
 ! pr9ciple ( ,ca?olicism 9 a new light4
 ,! ,*ur* alone has ,*ri/ = h] head4 ,x 
is h] exclusive privilege to be ! body (
 ,*ri/4 ,?is gives h] a fell[%ip ( life 
) ,*ri/1 by :i* %e is di/+ui%$ f ! _w1 !
 #fgh latt] su/a9+ to him no relation b 
t ( subjection & dep5d5ce4 ,b ^u :at    
re/s ?is privilege ( ! ,*ur*8 ,:y is %e 
alone ! body ( ,*ri/1 ! pl]oma ( !      
,god-head8  ,*ri/ology mu/ supply !     
fundam5tal reason4 ,accord+ to !        
,ca?olic dogma ( ! p]son ( ,*ri/1 he    
fille? ! univ]se only by virtue ( 8     
,godhead4 ,) 8 life z ! ,son ( ,man he  
fille? only ! ,*ur*1 8 body4 ,b h[ mu* m
 l>gely does ,god reveal himself by 8   
p]sonal inhabitation ( ! sacr$ humanity 
( ,*ri/ ?an by ! creative p[] :]e) he   
p5etrate? & fille? all 9 all6 ,"h a s+le

 ray1 a fa9t reflection ( 8 glory1      
flutt]s ?r\gh ! veil ( creat$ nature1   
!re ! fulness ( ! ,godhead dwelle?      
bodily4  ,! idea ( ,ca?olicism1 !re=e1  
co9cides ) t ( fulness4 ,z ! pl]oma (   
him :o fille? all 9 all1 ! ,*ur* h>bors 
9 h] bosom a treasure1 ! ri*ness ( :i*  
is inexhau/ible4 ,e creat$ ?+1 e s+le   
p]iod1 e p>ticul> phase ( ! culture ( ! 
human m9d1 has "s good attribute4 ,yet  
?is attribute is a m]e special          
advantage1 a peculi> quality1 a feeble  
reflex ( ! *ief good1 a s+le ray ( ! %9+
 sea ( goodness inclos$ 9 ! unfa?omable 
abyss ( ! div9e ess5ce1 ( ! fulness ( ! 
,godhead4 ,! complet5ess ( ! revelation 
( ,god's goodness is f\nd only 9 ! sacr$
 humanity ( ,*ri/1 & !re=e 9 ! ,*ur*4   
,h5ce ! ,*ur* is ! highe/ good t is to  
be f\nd on e>?4 ,let ! productions ( !  
human m9d1 at a giv5 /age ( its         
developm5t1 be ev] s glori\s & sublime1 
!y c nev] supplant ! pl]oma ( ! ,*ur*4  
,h] weal? is fraught ) all ! possible   
results ( ! human intellect &           

imag9ation2 & ^!1 9 ! fulness ( ! ,*ur*1
 are int5sifi$1 rais$1 z x 71 to a high]
 p[] ( goodness4 ,e production ( ! human
 m9d is m or less 9 dang] ( fall+ %ort (
 ! requirem5ts ( lat] ages4 ,! metal (  
all su* fabrics ne$s to be reca/ f "t to
 "t1 z =ms & fa%ions *ange4 ,9 default (
 ?is1 x gradually deg5]ates into m]e    
antiquity1 or1 9 ! mo/ =tunate ev5t1 x  
pres]ves only ! "* ( an honor$ relic4 ,f
 ?is fate ( all t comes into exi/5ce !  
,*ur* is exempt4 ,%e alone is ev] "y1 & 
always on a level ) ! times4 ,?is       
qualifies h] to be ! tea*] ( ! _w f age 
to age4 ,h5ce1 also1 %e is enabl$ to    
m9i/] an appropriate rem$y = ! disease (
 e g5]ation4 ,h[1 !n1 c a movem5t :i*   
makes w> on ! ,*ur* claim to be an      
advance ( ! human m9d 9 ! "r direction8 
,! int]e/s ( true civilization w nev]   
int]f]e ) ^? ( ! ,*ur*4  ,z well t !    
,*ur* is ! body ( ,*ri/ z t 9 h] is !   
fulness ( him :o fille? all 9 all--bo? (
 ^! attributes adh]e to h] 9 virtue ( h]
 div9e f\ndation4 ,?us ,ca?olicism1 ^:  

fundam5tal pr9ciple we h contemplat$ 9  
?is tw(old scriptural aspect1 is n !    
product ( ! comb9ation ( any ext]nal    
circum/ances4 ,x is gr\nd$ 9 ! v idea ( 
! ,*ur*1 9 ! inmo/ dep?s ( h] be+4      
,!re=e %e rema9s ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* 9 e   
vicissitude ( h] ext]nal condition1 :e!r
 9 ! spl5dor ( pr9cely honors1 or "u !  
cru%+ weight ( ,n]onic p]secution4  ,if1
 !n1 ,ca?olicism is ( ! ess5ce ( !      
,*ur*1 ! mom5t\s conclusion is          
irresi/ible1 t ! true ,*ur* is capable (
 realization 9 su* an image only z      
enables h] to pres5t h]self 9 h]        
ess5tial feature ( ca?olicity4 ,x foll[s
 t ! papacy1 z necess>y to ! ,ca?olic   
manife/ation ( ! ,*ur*1 is imp]atively  
dem&$ by ! law ( h] be+4  ------ #fgi   
,f ,once a ,week4  ,,! ,,ca!dral        
,,libr>y4  ,x is n[ betwe5 =ty & fifty  
ye>s ago t ,i obta9$ leave f ! dean &   
*apt] ( ,w9t]bury ,ca!dral to read = "s 
weeks 9 _! ca!dral libr>y4 ,! editions (
 ! fa!rs & ( "s important middle-age    
writ]s :i* are pres]v$ 9 t quiet libr>y 

boa/ ( peculi> excell5ce1 & ,i well     
rememb] ! exultation ) :i* ,i1 !n a v "y
 man1 receiv$ news ( ! desir$ in=mation 
to ransack ^? treasures4 ,hav+ secur$ a 
small lodg+ 9 ! close1 or ca!dral       
enclosure1 ,i set out = ,w9t]bury e>ly 9
 ! ye> #ahb-4 ,?r\gh ! k9dness ( "o ( ! 
canons1 :o seldom _h to consult ! libr>y
 on 8 own acc\nt1 ,i 0 provid$ ) a key  
to ! libr>y build+s1 & all[$ to keep    
undi/urb$ possession ( x z long z my    
visit la/$4 ,?is key gave access n only 
to ! libr>y1 b to all p>ts ( ! ca!dral  
likewise1 includ+ ev5 ! cloi/]s1 s t ,i 
0 able to let myself 9 & out ( ! noble  
edifice at all h\rs ( ! day or night1 & 
to ramble un*all5g$ ?r\gh aisle1 crypt1 
/alls1 tri=ium1 & organ-l(t4  ,i h nev] 
=gott51 & %all nev] =get1 ! day on :i*  
,i fir/ took my seat 9 ! room :i* 0 to  
be ! special sc5e ( my labors4 ,! libr>y
 lay on ! s\? side ( ! ca!dral1 be+ a   
l[] cont9uation ( ! s\? transept1 & =m+ 
"o side ( ! cloi/] c\rt4 ,x 0 obvi\sly1 
!re=e1 rais$ above ! height ( ! cloi/]  

vault+1 & x 0 rea*$ by a flight ( /airs 
op5+ into ! ca!dral itself4 ,n>r[ness 7x
 measur$ ab\t eighty feet by ?irty71 & a
 c]ta9 antique collegiate air 7& smell1 
too1 to be p]fectly accurate7 ab\t !    
b9d+s ( ! books & ! cov]+s ( ! *airs1 7 
its *ief *>act]i/ics4 ,!re 0 a bu/ (    
,cic]o at "o end1 & ( ,s5eca at ! o!r4  
,"s small] bu/s ( ! pr9cipal ,greek     
fa!rs adorn$ ! side-%elves1 & a d+y     
portrait ( ! judici\s ,hook] abode 9 a  
mu/y frame ov] ! heavy /one mantelpiece4
 ,! f5d] itself 0 ( /one1 or r !        
fireplace 0 n protect$ by a f5d] at all1
 b by a small /one wall1 ab\t ?ree in*es
 ?ick & six in*es high1 :i* af=d$       
blissful repose to ! out/ret*$ foot4    
,"o ,april ev5+1 %ortly aft] sunset1 :5 
!re 0 /ill daylight en\gh to read !     
titles on ! backs ( books1 ,i walk$     
across ! close 9 ord] to fet* & br+ away
 ) me a c\ple ( volumes ( :i* ,i /ood 9 
ne$4 ,x 0 an h\r :5 ! gr& old ca!dral is
 accu/om$ to put on its v be/ appe>ance4
 ,! heav5-kiss+ spire & ! f> l[]1 b     

beautiful1 we/]n t[]s are t9t$ ) ! fa9t 
rose color :i* suits old /onework s     
admirably2 & ! deep gloom ( ! cloi/]s1  
temp]$ by ! gl[ f ! noble piles (       
masonry ov]head1 makes x possible & easy
 to realize "s ( ! raptur\s visions ( ! 
recluse4 ,i pass$ z usual d[n ! nave1 & 
hav+ asc5d$ ! little /aircase1 let      
myself into ! libr>y1 & 0 on ! po9t (   
attack+ ! necess>y book%elf1 :5 in/ead (
 plac+ ! key 9 my pocket1 z x 0 my habit
 to d1 ,i toss$ x c>elessly on to ! sill
 ( an adjo9+ w9d[4 ,! woodwork ( !      
libr>y 0 by no means 9 a s\nd condition1
 & betwe5 ! inn] edge ( ! sill & ! wall 
!re 0 a wide *9k1 op5+ d[n into unse5   
dep?s ( di/ance4 ,into ?is *9k1 impell$ 
by my evil g5ius1 or by "o ( ! gho/ly   
be+s t 7z #fhj ,i 0 assur$ by ! v]g]7   
haunt ! libr>y & cloi/]s1 d[n tumbl$ my 
unlucky key4 ,i saw x disappe> ) a %>p  
tw+e ( vexation1 pr9cipally1 h[ev]1 at !
 ?\ght ( ! "t & tr\ble t w\ld be consum$
 9 br++ x to light aga94 ,to-morr[1 ,i  
said to myself1 ,i %all be =c$ to get a 

c>p5t] to remove ?is sill1 & rake up !  
key f heav5 kn[s :]e2 :ile smirk+ ,mr4  
,scre5s1 ! v]g]1 w wat* ! :ole proce$+1 
& ins9uate ) sil5t suavity a d\bt :e!r  
,i am a fit p]son to be entru/$ ) ,canon
 ,doolittle's key4 ,x 0 n until ,i _h   
come d[n f ! %ort ladd] ) ! books "u my 
arm1 &1 w>n$ by ! deep5+ %ades1 0 ab\t  
to leave ! libr>y1 t ! full effect ( !  
key's disappe>ance pres5t$ itself to my 
m9d4 ,! out] gate & inn] door ( ! nave  
_h be5 c>efully %ut by me1 accord+ to   
cu/om1 on ent]+ ! ca!dral4 ,all ! gates 
& doors 7 fitt$ ) a spr+-lock1 s t )\t  
my key ,i 0 d\ble-lock$ into ! build+4  
,my fir/ ?\ght 0 "o ( amusem5t1 & ,i    
fairly laugh$ al\d at my own p]plexity4 
,x seem$ an impossible & inconceivable  
?+ t "o might really h to pass ! entire 
night 9 ?is situation4 ,pres5tly ,i left
 ! libr>y1 ! door ( :i* ,i _h n %ut on  
ent]+1 & w5t d[n ! /aircase into !      
transept1 & !n into ! nave4 ,i c>efully 
tri$ ! inn] door1 b )\t effect4 ,i _h   
done my duty on ent]+1 & x 0 hopelessly 

& m]cilessly fa/5$ aga9/ me4 ,resolv$ on
 ma9ta9+ unbrok5 self-possession1 ,i    
return$ to ! libr>y4 ,x 0 n[ q d>k1 !   
only light be+ t reflect$ f ! %afts ( ! 
cloi/]s1 on :i* ! moonbeams 7 n[ beg9n+ 
to fall4 ,i sat d[n 9 a l>ge arm-*air   
:i* /ood at "o end ( ! libr>y table1 &  
?\ght ov] all ! possible means (        
extricat+ myself f an unexpect$ durance4
 ,%\ld ,i g up to ! belfry 9 !          
nor?-we/]n t[] & toll "o ( ! bells until
 ! v]g]1 r\s$ f 8 fir/ sleep1 %\ld come 
to see :at 0 ! matt]8 b ev5 ?is ,i c\ld 
n d )\t ! key1 :i* w\ld be requir$ to   
op5 ! door at ! entrance ( ! t[]4 ,or   
%\ld ,i make my way into ! organ-l(t1 & 
fill+ ! bell[s q full1 /rike a          
succession ( l\d *ords1 until ! music   
might attract ! att5tion ( "s pass]-by8 
?is might be done1 b x w\ld be a p]il\s 
exp]im5t4 ,half ,w9t]bury w\ld be seiz$ 
) ! belief t _! old ca!dral 0 haunt$4 ,!
 organ-l(t w\ld be invad$ by v]g]s1     
beadles1 & con/ables--!re 7 no          
blue-coat$ police 9 ^? days-- & ,i %\ld 

move ab\t ! anci5t city ev] aft] ) !    
/igma ( a madcap on my head4 ,p w\ld nod
 kn[+ly to "o ano!r z ,i pass$1 &       
significantly tap _! =eheads1 by way (  
h9t+ t ,i 0 a little t\*$4 ,canon       
,doolittle w\ld recall 8 key1 & ab/a9 f 
invit+ me to 8 hospitable table4        
,gradually1 !re=e1 ,i gave up ! s*eme ( 
sav+ myself by means ( ! organ2 & !     
belfry be+ already set aside1 no o!r    
res\rce rema9$ b to /ay :]e ,i 01 &     
quietly to pass ! h\rs z be/ ,i c\ld    
until ,mr4 ,scre5s %\ld op5 ! doors at  
ab\t half-pa/ six 9 ! morn+1 ready = !  
sev5 o'clock pray]s 9 ! ,lady *apel4  ,i
 0 luckily undi/urb$ by any fe>s aris+ f
 ! possible anxiety ( my l&lady4        
,w9t]bury is ne> ! sea2 & ,i _h on m ?an
 "o occasion sp5t ! great] "p ( ! night 
on ! cliffs1 wat*+ ! glori\s moonlit    
effects ^u ! romantic coa/ sc5]y ( t    
di/rict4 ,^! ,mrs4 ,jollisole 0 accu/om$
 to call my coa/-gu>d nights2 & ,i made 
no d\bt t1 %\ld ,i fail to appe>1 !     
s5sible old lady w\ld g cont5t$ly to b$1

 suppos+ me to h m\nt$ gu>d on ! cliffs4
  ,i !re=e lo/ no "t 9 compos+ myself1  
if n to sleep1 at any rate to an attempt
 at sleep4 ,! libr>y table 0 always     
surr\nd$ by an #fha array ( solemn old  
oak *airs1 padd$ ) cu%ions ( yell[i%    
lea!r1 & look+ z ?\gh--if _! own op9ion 
7 consult$--no mortal man ( l[] degree  
?an a preb5d>y %\ld ev] be all[$ to seat
 himself ^u !m4 ,at ea* end ( ! table   
!re 0 a *air ( a sup]ior ord]--a c\ple (
 deans1 z x 71 keep+ high /ate amid/ !  
surr\nd+ canons4 ,^! *airs 7 made (     
precisely ! same k9d ( oak1 & cov]$ )   
lea!r ( exactly ! same yell[i% t+e z !  
o!rs1 b _! :ole design 0 l>g] & m       
impos+1 & :at 0 ( ! mo/ consequ5ce to me
 9 my pres5t position--!y 7 arm-*airs1  
af=d+ opportunity = all mann] ( easy &  
sleep-invit+ po/ures4 ,?r[+ myself into 
"o ( ^! dignifi$ receptacles1 ,i soon   
fell asleep1 & soon aft]w>d took to     
dream+4  ,lean+ 9 my dream on ! sill ( !
 libr>y w9d[1 ,i fanci$ myself to be    
gaz+ d[n into a peaceful *ur*-y>d4 ,"o  

by "o1 l gleams ( moonlight 9 ! d>k %ade
 ( ! surr\nd+ cloi/]s1 ,i saw a numb] ( 
"y girls assemble1 & fall ) easy        
exactitude into rank1 z if ab\t to take 
"p 9 a procession4 ,ea* sl5d] figure 0  
drap$ 9 ! pure/ :ite musl91 ) a veil ( !
 same mat]ial arrang$ ov] ! head1 &     
p>tially conceal+ ! face4 ,j z "o sees  
at ! pres5t day 9 ,roman ,ca?olic *ur*es
 at ! m important fetes1 ! procession 0 
arrang$ accord+ to ! gradations (       
height4 ,! v "y *ildr5 7 9 ! front1 & z 
! o!r end ( ! l9e 0 approa*$1 ! pretty  
:ite figures grew gradually tall]1 until
 girls ( eighte5 or n9ete5 br\ght up !  
re>4 ,!y pres5tly began to move1 & x 0  
cle> t !y 7 ab\t to take "p 9 "s solemn 
(fice = ! dead4 ,) two prie/s at _!     
head1 !y made ! circuit ( ! cloi/]s1    
mov+ along ) graceful regul>ity ( /ep4  
,betwe5 ea* pair ( ! sl5d] columns ( !  
cloi/] build+1 ,i imag9$ t a small /one 
bas9 7or b5iti]7 0 set1 /&+ on a l[     
p$e/al1 & fill$ ) holy wat]4 ,ea* girl  
walk+ on ! side next to ^! bas9s 0      

furni%$ ) a small broom ( fea!rs1 l ^?  
:i* may at any "t be se5 9 ! ,cont95tal 
*ur*es4 ,dipp+ ^! brooms f "t to "t into
 ! bas9s ( wat]1 !y wav$ !m 9 beautiful 
h>mony ) _! own h>moni\s movem5ts1      
spr9kl+ ! anci5t monum5tal slabs ov] :i*
 !y 7 /epp+4 ,!y sang to a /ra9 ( r>e   
melody ! famili> words ( ,requiem       
,a,eternam4  ,pres5tly !y seem$ to *ange
 "t & tune1 & to s+ a hymn ( _m v]ses1  
ea* v]se end+ ) a refra94 ,a s+le voice 
w\ld give ! v]se1 b all jo9$ toge!r 9 ! 
pla9tive music ( ! refra93    ,?r\gh    
life's long day & dea?'s d>k night1   ,o
 g5tle ,jesus6 be our light6  ,i h he>d 
mu* music1 secul> & sacr$1 s9ce !n2 b ,i
 "k ( no musical effect :i* abides ) me 
s con/antly z t imag9$ *ant+ ( "y voices
 he>d long ago4  ,"o girl 9 p>ticul>    
attract$ my att5tion z ,i dreamt4 ,%e 0 
"o ( ! pair :o clos$ ! procession1 & 0 (
 a comm&+ height & extremely elegant    
figure4 ,%e _h1 z x seem$ to me1 tak5   
excessive precaution 9 draw+ h] ample   
veil closely ar\nd h] head & face1  99  

99 99 99  ,on a sudd5 ,i awoke4 ,!re1 9 
"o ( ! decanal arm-*airs1 ,i 0 sitt+--9 
an easy1 famili> po/ure1 z if ,i _h be5 
myself a dean-- & !re beside me1 close  
at h&1 )9 rea* ( my out/ret*$ arm1 0 a  
tall figure 9 :ite1 cle>ly a female =m1 
& ! precaution _h be5 tak5 ( draw+ an   
ample veil closely ar\nd ! head & face4 
,any "o b an imbecile w\ld h act$ z ,i  
did1 ?\gh ,i rememb] tak+ "s cr$it to   
myself at ! "t = my coolness & pres5ce (
 m9d4 ,i simply sat /ill & />$2 & by    
degrees ,i obs]v$1 ,i conn$4 ,ye>s be=e1
 9 my boyhood1 ,i _h walk$ a good #fhb  
deal on ! /ret*2 & ,i _h kn[n :at x 0 9 
,nor? ,devon to wake up ^u ! middle ( ! 
night1 to feel ! h>d1 unyield+ turf     
und]nea? "o's back1 & see & gaze1 gaze  
wi/fully ^u ! bright unansw]+ />s above 
"o's head4 ,ev5 !n "o c\ld div9e ! true 
value ( a b$4 ,b to wake on ! d[ns 9 !  
small h\rs is a trifle comp>$ ) wak+ 9 a
 ca!dral any "t betwe5 dew & dawn4 ,m   
especially :51 z 0 my case1 y h a gho/  
at y\r elb[4 ,n t my gho/ rema9$ long   

/ation>y4 ,%e did n4 ,/>t+ f my         
arm-*air1 %e began a survey ( ! %elves  
by moonlight 9 s active & bus9ess-l a   
mann] t ,i felt no d\bt1 giv5 h] quondam
 or pres5t mortality1 %e 0 or _h be5 a  
blue4 ,9 five m9utes1 my p[]s ( decision
 7 wide awake1 & ! "q ( h] mortality 0  
settl$4 ,%e 0 n a ?+ ( ! pa/1 b alive z 
,i myself 02 & ! only scruple 01 h[ or  
h[ soon to awak5 h] f h] somnambuli/'s  
dream4 ,:ile ,i 0 debat+ ) myself ! be/ 
means to pursue1 %e sudd5ly pass$ out ( 
! libr>y door on to ! /one /aircase4 ,my
 al>m 0 n[ fairly excit$4 ,%e _h two    
c\rses to pursue 9 h] s5sational        
c>e]--,i employ ! ^w 9 a m correct use  
?an x is commonly put to4 ,%e might ei!r
 turn d[nw>d t[>d ! floor ( ! *ur*      
itself1 9 :i* case %e c\ld d h]self     
little or no h>m2 or %e c\ld m\nt !     
asc5d+ /aircase1 & rea* an outw>d       
p>apet1 ) heav5 knew :at mad s*eme 9    
view1 be=e ,i _h "t to ov]take h]4 ,%e  
*ose ! second alt]native1 &--%e lead+1  
,i foll[+--we m\nt$ ! l(ty /aircase t   

leads to ! base ( ! spire4 ,i 0 aw>e t !
 door at ! top ( ?is p>ticul> asc5t 0 n 
furni%$ ) a lock2 x 0 fa/5$ by a simple 
bolt1 & ,i _h little d\bt t my          
sleep-walk+ fri5d w\ld %oot t bolt back 
z readily z %e _h tak5 d[n & replac$ !  
books on ! libr>y %elves4 ,my greate/   
fe> 0 t %e might beg9 play+ "s mad prank
 ^u ! p>apet be=e ,i 0 suffici5tly ne>  
to arre/ h] movem5ts4 ,i ne$ h>dly add  
t1 influ5c$ by ! dread ( consequ5ces    
commonly said to foll[ on a sudd5 awak5+
 f a fit ( somnambulism1 ,i inw>dly     
resolv$ to try e means ( humor+ & coax+ 
my companion d[n aga9 to t]ra firma1 &  
only z a la/ resort to attempt ar\s+ h]4
 ,9 a few mom5ts we /ood side by side on
 ! plat=m look+ d[n on ,w9t]bury1 :i*   
lay out/ret*$ 9 ! :ite moonlight4 ,x 0 a
 tranquil & beautiful sc5e4 ,!re 0 !    
*ur* ( ,/4 ,w]burgh1 a noble monum5t (  
?irte5? c5tury build+1 :i* w\ld attract 
in/antane\s admiration any:]e b "u !    
%ad[ ( ,w9t]bury ca!dral4 ,!re 0 ! f9e  
old m>ket-place1 ) ! c>v$ /one pump at  

:i* ,cromwell drank z he pass$ ?r\gh !  
city2 & ! *>m+ly qua9t guildhall1 & !   
ru9s ( ! abbey skirt+ ! riv] 9 !        
di/ance4 ,i 0 n p]mitt$1 h[ev]1 long to 
enjoy ! prospect4 ,be=e ,i c\ld lift a  
f+] to arre/ h] rapid movem5ts1 my      
my/]i\s companion _h /epp$ lightly on to
 ! p>apet1 & began a quick & p]fectly   
unemb>rass$ walk ar\nd x4 ,dread+ !     
exp]im5t ( =cible rescue1 x occurr$ to  
me to try ! effect ( quietly acco/+ h]1 
& endeavor+--by humor+ h] pres5t m5tal  
condition--to decoy h] away f h] p]il\s 
amusem5t4 ,x 0 an awful mom5t ( susp5se4
 ,%\ld %e lose h] balance & h] life1 x  
w\ld be next to impossible = me ev]     
totally to cle> up ! enigmatical        
circum/ance ( my hav+ be5 actually      
pres5t by h] side dur+ t weird moonlit  
dance ^u ! p>apet4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 ,i 
7 to seize & lift h] f ! top-/one1 %e   
might r\se ! :ole close ) frightful     
screams1 %e might fa9t--might ev5 die--9
 my arms1 or f ! %ock ( sudd5 awak5+ %e 
might lose h] reason4  #fhc  ,b !re 0 no

 "t to /& balanc+ *ances4 ,accord+ly1 ,i
 g5tly drew t[>d h] side1 & said1 9 z   
easy & collect$ a tone z ,i c\ld comm&1 
,i ?9k we left ! libr>y door unlock$2   
be=e y complete y\r r\nds1 _h we n bett]
 g d[n ! /airs & secure x8 ,hav+ be5    
all[$ ! entry ( ! ca!dral1 ,i ?9k we are
 b\nd 9 honor to %ut doors aft] u4  ,to 
be sure1 %e repli$1 & in/antly1 to my   
int5se relief1 dropp$ clev]ly d[n into !
 space betwe5 ! p>apet & ! l[] c\rses ( 
! spire4 ,to be sure1 ! door %\ld be    
lock$ at once4 ,let u g d[n4 ,i _c make 
out :o y are4 ,9 none ( my =m] visits to
 ! ca!dral h ,i met y2 b y seem to be no
 intrud]1 & ,i w c]ta9ly g d[n & secure 
! door z y sugge/4  ,all ?is 0 utt]$    
quickly & easily1 b ) an ab/ract$ air1 &
 )\t ! slighte/ motion ( h] /eadfa/     
eyes4 ,:ile /ill speak+1 %e /oop$ "u !  
l[ door-way at ! /air-head1 & began to  
desc5d4 ,i foll[$1 busily devis+ plans =
 prev5t+ any fre% asc5t1 & yet /ill     
avoid+ ! necessity ( break+ ! curi\s    
spell :i* b\nd h]4 ,we rea*$ ! libr>y   

door4 ,to my surprise1 %e produc$ a key 
( h] own1 & 0 ab\t to turn ! lock1 :5 ,i
 rememb]$ t at ?is rate ,i %\ld be      
depriv$ = ! re/ ( ! night ( my only     
com=ts1 ! w>m atmosph]e ( ! libr>y & !  
decanal arm-*air4 ,i !re=e extemporiz$ a
 bold /roke4  ,excuse me1 ,i said1 ,i h 
left my hat & a few pap]s inside1 & hav+
 a canon's key1 ,i w save y ! tr\ble (  
lock+ up4 ,b p]mit me to sugge/ t x is  
/ill v e>ly 9 ,april & ! night is cold4 
,:y n give up ! re/ ( y\r walk =        
to-night1 & return aga9 on "o ! glori\s 
nights 9 ,may or ,june8  ,)\t utt]+ a   
syllable 9 reply1 %e turn$ on h] heel1 &
 began sl[ly desc5d+ ! /aircase into !  
transept4 ,my curiosity 0 n[ fairly on !
 al]t1 & ,i resolv$ to unravel ! my/]y1 
at lea/ s f> z to discov] by :at means  
%e w\ld leave ! ca!dral1 & 9 :at        
direction %e w\ld g4 ,/epp+ = a mom5t   
inside ! libr>y1 ,i ha/ily b quietly    
slipp$ (f my %oes on ! matt+ ( ! floor1 
& foll[$ h] b>efoot & sil5t4 ,%e 0 j    
/epp+ f ! /aircase into ! transept1 :5  

,i caught sight ( h] aga94 ,) ! same    
/eady & self-possess$ action :i* %e _h  
display$ ?r\gh\t1 %e cross$ ! transept1 
& made /raight = a small po/]n door :i* 
l$1 z ,i knew1 into ! g>d5 ( ! bi%op's  
palace4 ,?is %e unlock$1 & ,i made sure 
t1 hav+ pass$ ?r\gh1 %e w\ld lock x aga9
 beh9d h]4 ,:e!r1 h[ev]1 %e 0 a little  
=getful t night1 or :e!r ! unexpect$    
r5contre ) a /rang] _h ruffl$ ! tranquil
 s]5ity ( h] trance1 x s happ5$ t %e    
omitt$ to turn ! lock1 & ,i 0 able1 aft]
 g5tly reop5+ ! door1 to trace h]       
progress /ill fur!r4 ,"u ! noble c$>s ( 
! episcopal g>d5s1 pa/ long fl[]-b$s &  
fre%-m[n lawns1 ,i foll[$ h] b>efoot1   
until we arriv$ )9 a few y>ds ( ! h9d]  
build+s ( ! palace4 ,"h ,i /opp$ "u !   
d>k %ade ( a c$>1 & wat*$ my companion  
walk coolly up to a little oak51        
iron-clamp$ door1 op5 x1 & disappe> )9 !
 h\se4 ,!n ( c\rse ,i retrac$ my /eps   
t[>d ! ca!dral4 ,b /opp+ aga9 "u "o ( ! 
magnific5t c$>s1 ,i c\ld n avoid a few  
mom5ts' reflection on ! exce$+ly odd    

position into :i* accid5t _h br\ght me4 
,"h 0 ,i1 alone & b>efoot$1 /&+1 at two 
o'clock 9 ! morn+1 on ! lawn ( ! palace1
 :]e ,i _h no m bus9ess ?an ,i _h at !  
top ( ! spire2 & ! only place 9 :i* ,i  
c\ld f9d %elt] = ! night 0 ! ca!dral    
itself1 a build+ #fhd t mo/ p w\ld r    
avoid ?an ent] dur+ ! small h\rs4 ,!    
que]ness ( my situation1 h[ev]1 did n   
prev5t me f enjoy+ to ! full ! extreme  
lovel9ess ( ! g>d5s1 & ! glori\s view ( 
! spl5did edifice1 ris+ :ite & cle> 9 ! 
moonlight above _! %ady alleys &        
recesses4  ,on rega9+ ! libr>y1 ,i doz$ 
away ! rema9d] ( ! d>k h\rs 9 ! same    
commodi\s arm-*air1 & z soon z ! bell   
began to toll = ! sev5 o'clock pray]s1  
,i pass$ unnotic$ out ( ! build+ &      
rega9$ my lodg+s4  ,be5 keep+ a         
coa/-gu>d night1 sir8 said ,mrs4        
,jollisole1 z %e set ! breakfa/ ?+s 9   
ord]4  ,:y1 yes1 ,mrs4 ,jollisole1 ,i   
answ]$2 ,i did enjoy "s r ext5sive      
prospects la/ night4  ,& t 0 all t      
pass$4 ,i _h fix$ x 9 my own m9d t ,i   

w\ld keep my own c\nsel /rictly until ,i
 %\ld h call$ at ! palace1 & communicat$
 ! :ole ( ! circum/ances 9 confid5ce to 
! bi%op1 ) :om ,i 0 slightly acqua9t$4  
,?is plan ,i c>ri$ into effect 9 ! c\rse
 ( ! morn+4 ,8 lord%ip 0 at home1 &     
li/5$ ) 8 cu/om>y k9dness & c\rtesy to !
 :ole ( my romantic recital4 ,j z ,i 0  
f9i%+1 8 /udy door op5$1 & a "y lady    
ent]$1 dress$ 9 black1 tall1 & /rik+ly  
beautiful1 ?\gh look+ pale & fagg$4     
,glanc+ at me %e gave a slight />t1 &   
tak+ a book f "o ( ! %elves1 in/antly   
left ! room1 aft] a few mutt]$ words (  
apology = di/urb+ ! bi%op4 ,x 0 my      
companion ( ! libr>y & ! t[]4  ,i see1  
said 8 lord%ip1 t y h recogniz$ ! gho/4 
,t "y lady is an orphan niece ( m9e1 &  
has be5 br\ght up 9 my h\se f h]        
infancy4 ,nev] /rong1 %e has r$uc$ :at  
vigor %e possesses by h] ard5t love (   
books1 & h] intellectual int]e/ is awake
 to all k9ds ( subjects4 ,%e is equally 
unwe>i$ 9 visit+ among/ ! poor1 & (t5   
returns home f h] r\nds 9 a /ate (      

exhau/ion f :i* x is difficult to r\se  
h]4 ,ab\t a twelvemon? ago we fir/      
notic$ ! appe>ance ( a t5d5cy to        
somnambulism4 ,%e 0 remov$ = sev]al     
weeks to ! sea-side1 & we began to hope 
t a p]man5t improvem5t _h set 94 ,a     
sev]e loss1 h[ev]1 :i* %e has lately    
su/a9$1 has1 ,i fe>1 done h] great      
injury1 & "h is pro( ( ! old malady     
return+4 ,we are indebt$ to y1 sir1 add$
 ! k9d old man1 = y\r judici\s &        
?\ghtful way ( proce$+ "u ! circum/ances
 ( la/ night1 & = at once putt+ me 9    
possession ( ! details1 :i* w enable me 
to take ! necess>y precautions4  ,be=e  
leav+ ! bi%op's company1 ,i begg$ him to
 g ) me into ! ca!dral1 & to be pres5t  
:ile a c>p5t] remov$ ! woodwork ( !     
libr>y w9d[ 9 ord] to recov] ! key4 ,?is
 he cons5t$ at once to d1 & we cross$ ! 
g>d5s by ! v r\te :i* ! gho/ & ,i _h    
trav]s$ dur+ ! night4 ,on remov+ !      
panell+1 we f\nd t ! dep? ( ! *9k 0     
comp>atively trifl+1 & ! key 0 soon se5 
%9+ among ! du/4  ,i 0 fur!r gratifi$ by

 ano!r discov]y1 :i*1 toge!r ) ! extreme
 pleasure t x gave ! bi%op1 q indemnifi$
 me = my night's imprisonm5t4  ,we      
notic$1 p>tially conceal$ by rubbi% 9 a 
ni*e ( ! wall bel[ ! panell+1 ! corn] ( 
a vellum cov]+4 ,on fur!r exam9ation1   
?is prov$ to be a ,,ms4 copy ( ,/4      
,mat!w's ,gospel1 n inde$ ( ! mo/ anci5t
 date1 b adorn$ ) v r>e & curi\s        
illum9ation1 & mak+ an excell5t addition
 to ! /ores ( ! libr>y4 ,aft] a         
tete-a-tete d9n] t ev5+ ) ! fri5dly     
bi%op1 we sp5t a pleasant h\r or two 9 a
 ?or\gh inspection ( ! newly-f\nd       
treasure4  ,x 0 little m ?an a mon?     
aft]w>d t ,i he>d ! great bell 9 ! we/]n
 t[] toll ! tid+s #fhe ( a dea?4 ,"o    
week m1 & a sorr[+ procession (         
s*ool-*ildr5 & wom5 ( ! alms-h\ses fil$ 
f ! transept into ! quiet cloi/]-gr\nd1 
!re to bury ! la/ rema9s ( "o :o w\ld   
seem to h be5 to !m 9 life a lov+ &     
mu*-lov$ fri5d4 ,x 0 s4 ,! eag] bra9 & !
 ye>n+ he>t1 worn out ) unequal labors1 
7 laid to re/ = ev]4 ,! bi%op's frail   

nursl+ 0 dead4  ----  ,f ,! ,mon?4      
,,ca?olic ,,philosophy ,,9 ,,! ,,?irte5?
 ,,c5tury   ,! errors ( ! pres5t day are
 g5]ally ! consequ5ces ( "s false       
pr9ciple admitt$ long ago1 & _m may be  
trac$ cle>ly to ! calamities ( ! sixte5?
 c5tury4 ,"o ( ^! is1 t ! m$iaeval le>n+
 pres]v$ 7z 0 decl>$ at ! ,c\ncil (     
,tr5t7 *iefly among ! monks 0 9 its     
nature useless & trifl+1 fitt$ only to  
amuse ignorant & n>r[-m9d$ m5 9 !       
d>kness ( ! middle ages1 & consi/$ 9    
c]ta9 metaphysical speculations &       
logical quibbles1 call$ s*ola/ic tea*+4 
,sev]al ,fr5* writ]s h done mu* to      
disabuse m5 ( ?is prejudice1 by mak+    
kn[n ! am\nt ( k & sci5ce atta9$ by     
m$iaeval s*ol>s1 ^: works are despis$   
because !y are too sc>ce to be read1 &  
p]haps too deep to be und]/ood 9 a less 
/udi\s age4 ,"o ( ^! *ampions ( he tru? 
is ,ozanam1 :o has trac$ ) a ma/]-h& !  
pres]vation ( all t 0 valuable 9        
antiquity1 ?r\gh ! d[nfall ( ! empire2 &
 he has r5d]$ a subject :i* o!rwise x   

w\ld h be5 presumption to approa* a pla9
 matt] ( hi/ory1 :i* ! read] has only to
 receive1 l o!r facts2 s t we see h[1 "u
 ! safegu>d ( ! ,*ur*1 ! same p[]s :i* 7
 =m]ly us$ 9 va9 by ! philosoph]s = !   
discov]y ( tru?1 7 successfully us$ = ! 
atta9m5t its deep] my/]ies4 ,b all t is 
human is m>k$ by imp]fection2 & ! v     
in/9ct :i* l$ philosoph]s to feel aft]  
_! ,creator1 & seek t supreme good = :i*
 we 7 creat$1 0 misl$ by errors :i* all 
ultimately end$ 9 infidelity4 ,x is n   
necess>y to dwell on ^!4 ,a few words w 
rem9d ! classical s*ol> t ! ,ionian     
s*ool1 :i* s\ght tru? by exp]im5t1 ?r\gh
 ! p]ception ( ! s5ses1 leads to        
fatalism & pan!ism2 :ile ,py?agoras1 :o 
s\ght by reason & ! sci5ces him :o is   
above & beyond _! sph]e1 left !         
disappo9t$ reason 9 a /ate ( d\bt &     
indiff]5ce1 or else despair4 ,plato     
alone pursu$ a c\rse ( safety4 ,tak+ !  
exi/5ce ( ,god z a tru? d]iv$ p]haps f  
patri>*al tea*+1 he us$ ! ,socratic     
me?od ( induction only = ! de/ruction ( 

falsehood1 & receiv$ ) fe>less c&or all 
t ! poets taught ( sup]human goodness & 
beauty2 = ?\gh ! symbolism ( ! poets    
deg5]at$ into disgu/+ idolatry1 !y h be5
 call$ ! true/ ( hea!n tea*]s4 ,x is    
well kn[n h[ ,ari/otle /r5g!n$ ! reason+
 p[]2 b ! mighty p[] _h no object on :i*
 to put =? its /r5g?1 & ! m noble m9ds  
reject$ at once bo? reason+ & exp]im5t1 
& s\ght = religion 9 ! my/icism (       
,alex&ria4 ,su* 0 ! wreck & wa/e ( all t
 man c\ld d )\t revelation1 #fhf & s    
sick5+ 0 ! disappo9tm5t1 t ,/4 ,augu/9  
w\ld fa9 h clos$ ! ,*ri/ian s*ools to   
,virgil & ,cic]o1 :i* he lov$ once too  
well2 b ,/4 ,gregory1 br\ght up z he 0 a
 ,roman & a ,*ri/ian1 _h no?+ to rep5t (
 or to de/roy1 & classic lett]s 7       
pres]v$ by ,*ri/ians4  ,ozanam f\nd     
pleasure 9 believ+ t ,*ri/ianity1 :ile z
 yet conceal$ 9 ! catacombs1 0 9 all    
s5ses und]m9+ anci5t ,rome1 & t x _h an 
ameliorat+ effect on ! ,/oic1 :i* 0 !n !
 be/ sect ( ! philosoph]s2 s t ,s5eca1  
in/ead ( foll[+ ! lant]n ( ,z5o1 :o     

confus$ ! natures ( ,god & man1 le>nt f 
,/4 ,paul n only to di/+ui% !m1 b also !
 relation 9 :i* man reg>ds 8 ,creator & 
,fa!r1 :om he s]ves ) free-w & love1 by 
subdu+ 8 body to ! comm& ( 8 s\l4 ,b !  
pride ( philosophy may be modifi$ )\t   
be+ subdu$4 ,! pr9ciple ( hea!nism is ! 
antagoni/ ( ,*ri/ianity3 "o is f man1 & 
= man2 ! o!r f ,god1 & = ,god4 ,x 0 !   
object ( ,/4 ,paul & ! fir/ fa!rs ( !   
,*ur* to lib]ate ! intellect z well z ! 
affections f p]v]sion1 & to tea* h[ !   
treasures ( antiquity might be us$ by   
,*ri/ians = religion1 z ! spoils (      
,egypt & ! luxuri\s p]fumes ( !         
,magdal54 ,& aft] ! fi]ce battle (      
,*ri/ianity ) paganism 0 ov]1 ! triumph 
( ! ,*ur* 0 complet$ "u ,con/ant9e by ! 
,*ri/ianization ( lit]ature2 t is1 by   
us+ 9 ! s]vice ( tru? all ^? p[]s :i* _h
 be5 wa/$ 9 ! ineffectual ef=ts = its   
discov]y4 ,a mix$ mass ( anci5t le>n+ 0 
sav$ f ! wreck ( ! ,roman _w2 & z ,pope 
,boniface pres]v$ ! spl5did temple ( !  
,pan!on1 & d$icat$ x to ! wor%ip ( ,god 

glorifi$ 9 8 sa9ts1 s ! doctors ( !     
,*ur* employ$ ! logic & eloqu5ce ( !    
philosoph]s )\t adopt+ _! !ories4 ,?is 0
 n always easy1 & "s1 l ,orig5 &        
,t]tullian1 fell into error2 = !        
di/9ctive "* ( ,*ri/ian tea*+ is to be  
dogmatic1 n argum5tative1 submitt+ !    
conclusions ( reason to ! decisions (   
inspir$ au?ority1 & ! prov9ce ( reason  
has b\nds :i* x _c pass4  ,gradually a  
,*ri/ian lit]ature arose4 ,n only 9 !   
/ill classical ,roman s*ools1 b 9 ^? (  
,con/ant9ople1 ,asia1 & ,africa1 pagan  
writ+s 7 us$ z subs]vi5t to ! tra9+ (   
,*ri/ian au?ors1 & ! f\r? c5tury 0 !    
gold5 age ( intellect z well z sanctity4
 ,! fa!rs employ$ _! classical tra9+ 9 !
 /udy ( ! ,holy ,scriptures2 b1 accord+ 
to ! true pr9ciple ( sacr$ /udy1 !y     
s\ght f ,almighty ,god himself ! grace  
:i* alone c direct ! use ( !            
intellectual p[]s4 ,f ! ?ree s5ses (    
,holy ,scripture 7says ,/4 ,bonav5ture1 
9 a passage quot$ by ,ozanam out ( 8    
,r$actio ,artium ad ,!ologiam7 desc5d$  

?ree s*ools ( ,scriptural tea*+4 ,!     
allegorical1 :i* decl>es matt]s ( fai?1 
9 :i* ,/4 ,augu/9 0 a doctor1 & 9 :i* he
 0 foll[$ by ,/4 ,anselm & o!rs1 :o     
taught by discussion4 ,! moral1 on :i*  
,/4 ,gregory f\nd$ 8 prea*+ & taught m5 
! rule ( life1 9 :i* he 0 foll[$ by ,/4 
,b]n>d :o belongs also to ! my/ical     
s*ool & by a ho/ ( prea*]s4 ,:ile f !   
?ird or analogical s5se1 ,/4 ,dionysius 
taught by contemplation ! mann] 9 :i*   
man may unite himself to ,god4 ,ozanam  
names a *a9 ( au?ors z belong+ to ?is   
s*ool ( ,boe?ius1 :o on ! eve ( m>tyrdom
 wrote ! consolations ( t sorr[ :i* is  
conceal$ "u ! illusions ( ! _w2         
,isidore1 ,b$e1 ,rabanus1 ,anselm1      
,b]n>d1 ,pet] ,damian1 ,pet] ! ,lomb>d1 
:o rejoic$ 'to ca/ 8 s5t5ces l ! wid['s 
mite into ! treasury ( ! temple1 ,hugo1 
& ,ri*>d ( ,/4 ,victor1 ,pet] !         
,spani>d1 ,alb]t1 ,/4 ,bonav5ture1 & ,/4
 ,?omas4  #fhg  ,"u ! b>b>ian rule1 all 
! intellectual1 an well z ! dev\t1 took 
sanctu>y 9 ! cloi/]2 s t :5 ! ,arian    

,lomb>ds attack$ ! c5tre ( ,*ri/5dom1 !y
 7 oppos$ only by ! tea*+ & discipl9e ( 
! ,*ur* z p]fect$ by ,/4 ,gregory2 & !  
p[] ( ^! mu/ h be5 sup]natural1 z !     
influ5ce ( lett]s 0 ne>ly lo/ 9 ,rome4  
,!n1 9 def5ce ( ! fai?1 ,/4 ,b5$ict     
m>%all$ a new b& ( devot$ *ampions 9 !  
m\nta9s ( ,subiaco1 & he made x a "p (  
_! duty to pres]ve ! treasures ( le>n+1 
& to employ !m 9 ! s]vice ( religion2 & 
^! monks1 says ,ozanam1 :o sp5t six h\rs
 9 *oir1 transcrib$ 9 _! cells !        
hi/orians & ev5 ! poets ( ,greece &     
,rome1 & bequea!d to ! middle ages ! mo/
 valuable writ+s ( antiquity4  ,x is    
agre$ by all t ,*>lemagne 0 ! f\nd] ( ! 
middle ages2 & he op5$ ! s*ools 9 :i*   
!ology 0 =m$ into a sci5ce1 & ga9$ !    
title ( s*ola/ics4 ,alcu9 0 ! in/rum5t  
by :om ,*>lemagne remodell$ ,european   
lit]ature1 ) ! au?ority ( ! ,*ur* &     
c\ncils1 tradition & ! fa!rs4 ,( ^! !   
,greek 7 little kn[n we/ (              
,con/ant9ople2 & ! *ief repres5tative ( 
! ,lat9 fa!rs 0 ,/4 ,augu/94 ,!re 7 a   

few lat] writ]s1 z ,boe?ius on !        
,consolation ( ,philosophy1 &           
,cassidorus1 :o wrote ,de ,septem       
,discipl9is4  ,e "o kn[s1 says ,ozanam1 
t :5 ,europe 0 robb$ ( anci5t lit]ature 
by ! invasion ( b>b>ians1 ! rema9s (    
sci5ce1 sav$ by pi\s h&s1 7 divid$ into 
sev5 arts1 & enclos$ 9 ! ,trivium &     
,quadrivium4 ,^! arts 7 gramm>1         
rhetoric1 logic1 & ma!matics1 :i* la/   
compreh5d$ ari?metic & geometry1 music &
 a/ronomy4 ,! e/abli%m5t ( public s*ools
 9 c5t1 ix41 says ,ozanam1 assi/$ !     
progress ( reason+1 till x became 9     
itself an art capable ( be+ employ$     
indiff]5tly to prove ei!r side ( an     
argum5t4 ,! sci5ce ( words 0 no long] t 
( gramm>1 b became dialectics2 & words 7
 us$ lightly z a m]e play ( ! intellect1
 or z a me*anical process to analyze    
tru?4 ,b x c nev] be lawful = a ,*ri/ian
 to discuss :at has be5 reveal$1 z ?\gh 
x 7 possible t ^? :o reject x may be "r2
 nor to consid] tru? z an op5 "q1 :i* is
 /ill to be decid$1 & may be s\ght by ^?

 rules ( reason+ :i* _h be5 laid d[n by 
,ari/otle = ! discov]y ( :at 0 z yet    
unkn[n4 ,x 0 = ?is reason t1 z ,ozanam  
says1 ,t]tullian call$ ,ari/otle !      
patri>* ( h]etics2 yet 8 rules ( reason+
 7 "r1 & ! error lay 9 us+ !m amiss4    
,?us ! ,mani*aeans reason$ :5 !y %\ld h 
believ$1 & ! ,paulicians subject$ !     
,holy ,scriptures to _! own             
int]pretation1 & reject$ all t 0 above  
_! compreh5sion2 & ?us 9 aft]-times did 
! ,albig5ses1 & !n ! ,prote/ants ( !    
sixte5?1 & ! ,lib]als ( ! n9ete5?1      
c5tury4  ,x 0 9 #hia t ,pas*asius wrote1
 = ! in/ruction ( 8 conv5t1 a treatise  
on ! ,holy ,eu*>i/1 9 :i* he prov$ by   
reason+ t doctr9e :i* ! :ole _w believes
 & confesses2 b he 0 contradict$ by     
,ratram1 :o fir/ put =? ! h]esy t ! real
 pres5ce is only figurative1 & !n !     
,*ur* pron\nc$ ! dogma (                
transub/antiation4 ,f t "t !ologians 7  
oblig$ to confute ! intellectual h]esies
 ( philosoph]s by fight+1 z on common   
gr\nd1 ) ! weapons ( argum5t :i* 7 us$  

by bo?1 9 ord] to def5d ! doctr9es :i*  
_h be5 hi!rto decl>$ simply & by        
au?ority1 z by our ,"l himself4 ,n[1    
says ,ozanam1 my/]ies 7 subject$ to     
def9itions1 & revelation 0 divid$ into  
syllogisms4 ,& z ! love ( argum5t       
'increas$1 ! disputants took up ! "q :i*
 #fhh _h be5 discuss$ among hea!n       
philosoph]s z to ! ab/ract exi/5ces :i* 
are call$ univ]sal =ms or ideas2 types (
 creat$ ?+s et]nally exi/+ 9 ! m9d (    
,god1 accord+ to ! tea*+ ( ,/4          
,bonav5ture4 ,& :5 ^! 7 discov]$ by     
metaphysics1 logic 0 ex]cis$ ^u !m2 & a 
dispute arose z to :e!r tru? exi/s      
indep5d5tly ( ! p]ceptions ( man4 ,!    
,platoni/s ass]t$ t x does1 & ?is       
belief1 :i* !y call$ idealism1 0 held by
 ! div9es1 & 0 call$ realism1 :ile ^? :o
 d5i$ t x exi/s indep5d5tly ( man 7 said
 to be nom9ali/s4 ,9 mod]n days !       
dispute ( realism & nom9alism is laugh$ 
at z an idle w> ( words2 b ! w> is1 9   
tru?1 on pr9ciples1 & /ill divides !    
or?odox & unbeliev]1 & ! names ( realism

 & nom9alism are only *ang$ = objective 
& subjective tru?4  ,a pa9ful exp]i5ce  
_h long prevail$ t ! _s ( controv]sy is 
de/ructive ( devotion2 & ! m dev\t1 we>y
 ( ! w>s ( philosoph]s1 reject$ logic1 &
 f\nd 9 ! my/ic s*ool t repose :i* _h   
be5 s\ght ev5 by hea!ns 9 a c\nt]feit   
my/icism1 9 :i* ! evil p[]s delud$ m5 by
 imitat+ div9e inspirations4 ,accord+ to
 ,ozanam1 ,*ri/ian my/icism is idealism 
9 its mo/ brilliant =m1 :i* seeks tru? 9
 ! high] regions ( spontane\s           
inspiration2 & he goes on to expla91 f !
 writ+s ( ,/4 ,dionysius1 t its nature  
is contemplative1 ascetic1 & symbolical4
 ,x is contemplative1 z x br+s man into 
! pres5ce ( ! imm5se indivisible ,god1 f
 :om all p[]1 life1 & wisdom desc5d ^u  
man ?r\gh ! hi]>*ies ( ! angels & ?r\gh 
! ,*ur*1 & ^: div9e influ5ces act 9 n9e 
successive sph]es ?r\gh all ! gradations
 betwe5 exi/5ce & no?+4 ,x is ascetic1 z
 x acts on ! w ?r\gh ! l9k :i* connects 
! body ) ! m9d1 & regulates ! passions  
?r\gh ! inf]ior "p ( ! s\l4 ,?is m$ic9e 

( s\ls 0 taught by ! fa!rs ( ! des]t1 :o
 7 foll[$ by all ! my/ic doctors2 & x 0 
on ?is reciprocal action ( physics &    
morals t ,/4 ,bonav5ture aft]w>d wrote !
 ,comp5dium4 ,x is symbolic1 because x  
takes ! creation z a symbol ( spiritual 
?+s1 & ! ext]nal _w z ! %ad[ ( :at is   
invisible4 ,! union ( man ) ,god is !   
object & fullness ( ! k :i* reg>ds bo? !
 div9e & human nature1 & levels all     
intellects 9 ! imm$iate pres5ce ( ,god4 
,?is 0 imp>t$ to ,adam1 & re/or$ by     
,*ri/ our ,"l1 :o left x 9 ! keep+ ( !  
,*ur*4 ,! fir/ un9spir$ tea*] ( ?is     
my/ic !ology is ?\ght to h be5          
,dionysius ! ,areopagite1 & ! m>tyr$    
,bi%op ( ,a!ns1 or1 z "s say1 ( ,p>is4  
,9 ! fe/ival ( 8 m>tyrdom x is decl>$ t 
he wrote books1 :i* are admirable &     
heav5ly1 conc]n+ ! div9e names1 !       
heav5ly & ecclesia/ical hi]>*y1 & on    
my/ical !ology4 ,ozanam quotes a fragm5t
 f 8 writ+s1 :i* tea*es t !             
indivisibility ( ,god is intangible by  
ma!matical ab/ractions ( quantity1 &    

indef9able by logic1 because def9ition  
is analysis2 & x is incomp>able1 because
 !re are no t]ms ( comp>ison4  ,! tea*+ 
( ,/4 ,dionysius 0 n =gott5 :5 ! k (    
,greek 0 lo/ 9 ! we/4 ,he 0 succe$$ 9   
?is religi\s & ,*ri/ian philosophy by   
,/4 ,anselm 9 ! elev5? c5tury4 ,9 8     
,monologium1 ,de ,ratione ,fidei1 he    
supposes an ignorant man to be seek+ !  
tru? ) ! sole =ce ( 8 reason1 & disput+ 
9 ord] to discov] a tru? hi!rto unkn[n4 
,e "o1 = ! mo/ "p1 he says1 if he has   
mod]ate und]/&+1 may p]suade himself1 by
 reason alone1 z to :at we necess>ily   
believe ( ,god2 & ?is he may d 9 _m     
ways1 ea* accord+ to t be/ suit$ to     
himself2 #fhi & he goes on to say t 8   
own mode consi/s 9 d$uc+ all !ological  
tru?s f "o po9t--! be+ ( ,god4 ,all !   
div]sity ( beautiful1 great1 & good ?+s 
supposes an ideal "o or unity ( beauty1 
& ?is unity is ,god4 ,h5ce ,/4 ,anselm  
d]ives ! attributes ( ,god--! creation1 
! ,holy ,tr9ity1 ! relation ( man to    
,god1 9 a ^w1 all !ology4 ,!            

,proslogium1 or tru? demon/rat+ itself1 
is a second "w1 9 :i* ,/4 ,anselm       
proposes to demon/rate tru? :i* has be5 
already atta9$4 ,z 9 ! fir/ he _h1 at ! 
reque/ ( "s bro!rs1 writt5 ,de ,ratione 
,fidei 9 ! p]son :o seeks by reason+ :at
 he 'does n "k1 s he n[ seeks = "s "o ( 
^! _m argum5ts :i* %\ld require no pro( 
b f itself4 ,he 0 ! fir/ to use ! fam\s 
argum5t1 t f ! sole idea ( ,god is d]iv$
 ! demon/ration ( 8 exi/5ce4 ,he ?us    
beg9s ! ,proslogium3 ',! fool ha? said 9
 8 he>t1 !re is no ,god4 ,:]e=e ! mo/   
fooli% a!i/ has 9 8 m9d ! idea ( !      
sov]eign good1 :i* good _c exi/ 9 ?\ght 
only1 because a yet great] good c /ill  
be conceiv$4 ,?is sov]eign good !re=e   
exi/s indep5d5tly ( ! ?\ght1 & is ,god4'
 ,x is n wor? :ile to foll[ out ! errors
 :i* arose 9 ! middle ages f nom9alism4 
,9 ! elev5? c5tury ,roscel9 c>ri$ x to !
 absurdity ( say+ t ideas are only      
words1 & t no?+ real exi/s except 9     
p>ticul>s4 ,& ,philip ( ,*ampeaux ass]t$
 ! opposite extreme1 & d5i$ ! exi/5ce ( 

all b univ]sals2 z t humanity alone     
exi/s1 ( :i* m5 are m]e p>ts or         
fragm5ts4 ,x 0 9 ! twelf? c5tury t      
,abel>d1 :o _h be5 tra9$ 9 bo? ^!       
sy/ems1 came =? 9 ! pride ( 8 va/       
intellect to reconcile !m by a new !ory1
 b 8 se>* aft] tru? 0 by a m]e          
intellectual ma*9]y1 to be employ$ by   
sci5ce 9 ord] to con/ruct g5]al s*eme ( 
human k2 :ile x l$ to ! rejection ( t   
simple fai? :i* believes )\t exam9ation1
 & sub/itut$ ! sy/em ( rationalism1 s   
fruitful to ?is day ( error & unbelief4 
,x 0 :ile m5 7 con/ruct+ ?is            
intellectual t[] ( ,babel t ,almighty   
,god rais$ up z ! *ampion ( ! tru? !    
meek & holy ,/4 ,b]n>d4 ,l ,david he    
laid aside 8 weapons ( reason+1 & left 8
 cloi/] to ov]?r[ ! gigantic foe4 ,9 !  
c[l ( ,/4 ,b5$ict1 he decl>$ t ! tru?1  
:i* m5 s\ght by human ef=ts1 0 to be    
receiv$ 9 fai? z ! gift ( ,god1 f :om   
all k & light proce$s4 ,& x 0 n ! p[]s (
 8 well-tra9$ faculties1 nor 8 classical
 & poetical /udies1 b 8 pray]s1 :i* ga9$

 ! victory2 s t1 z by miracle1 ,abel>d1 
! mo/ eloqu5t disputant ( 8 age1 /ood   
mute be=e ! sa9t1 :o taught t fai? is no
 op9ion atta9$ by reason+1 b a          
conviction beyond all pro( t tru? is    
reveal$ by ,god4 ,?is _h be5 ! tea*+ (  
,/4 ,gregory1 :o said t fai? :i* is     
f\nd$ on reason has no m]it2 & ( ,/4    
,augu/91 :o said t fai? is no op9ion    
f\nd$ on reflection1 b an int]ior       
conviction2 & ( ! apo/le1 :o said t fai?
 is ! c]ta9ty ( ?+s unse54 ,x is consol+
 to read t ! holy influ5ce ( ,/4 ,b]n>d 
did n only sil5ce 8 adv]s>y2 ! he>t (   
,abel>d 0 melt$1 he laid aside ! /udies 
9 :i* he _h s ne>ly lo/ 8 s\l1 & he made
 8 submission to ! ,*ur*1 & s\ght !     
=giv5ess ( ,/4 ,b]n>d4 ,soon aft]w>d he 
di$ a p5it5t1 sorr[+ = 8 moral &        
intellectual (f5ces4 ,b evil does n end 
) ! guilty2 & 8 s*ool has cont9u$       
brilliant 9 intellect & ta/e1 b         
presumptu\s 9 apply+ !m to ! exam9ation 
( tru?4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! two folio       
volumes ( ,/4 ,b]n>d h be5 always a     

treasury ( devotion1 :]e ! sa9ts & pi\s 
( all succe$+ ages h be5 tra9$4 ,x is   
impossible = words to #fij conta9 m     
?\ght2 & he _h ! gift ( p5etrat+ ?\ghts 
conta9$ 9 ! inspir$ writ+s2 z :5 he     
wrote tw5ty-f\r s]mons on ! ?ree fir/   
v]ses ( ! ,canticles4 ,ozanam says t ,/4
 ,pi]re p]ceiv$ a fre% _w ( insects ea* 
day t he exam9$ a s+le /rawb]ry-leaf2 & 
?us 9 ! spiritual _w ! intellect ( ,/4  
,b]n>d contemplat$ & beheld wond]s ) a  
sort ( microscopic inf9ity1 :ile 8 va/  
compreh5sion 0 analog\s 9 its discov]ies
 to ! telescope4 ,su* 7 ! gifts conf]r$ 
by ,god on ! humble abbot ( ,clairvaux4 
,!re 7 9 ! "t ( ,/4 ,b]n>d o!r great    
tea*]s3 ,pet] ! ,v5]able1 ,/4 ,norb]t1  
,godfrey1 ,ri*>d1 & ,hugo1 all monks (  
,/4 ,victor4 ,ozanam says t he embrac$ !
 ?ree great modes ( tea*+--t is1 !      
allegorical1 moral1 & analogical2 &     
prec$$ ,/4 ,bonav5ture 9 a gigantic     
attempt to =m an encyclopa$ia ( human k1
 bas$ on ! tru? decl>$ by ,/4 ,james1 t 
e good & p]fect gift desc5ds f ! ,fa!r (

 light1 :o is above4  ,) a va/ am\nt (  
lit]>y treasures ! crusad]s _h br\ght f 
! ea/1 9 ! twelf? c5tury1 ! ,greek      
au?ors1 ) _! ,arab comm5tators4 ,!y     
br\ght ! physics1 metaphysics1 & morals 
( ,ari/otle2 & !y br\ght also ! pan!ism1
 :i*1 says ,ratisbon1 ! ,s>ac5s1 l !    
e>ly ,/oics1 _h le>nt f ! ,brahm9s1 :o  
believe t m5 h two s\ls--"o inf]ior & l$
 by in/9ct1 ! o!r unit$ & id5tical )    
,god4 ,?is fatal error 0 receiv$ by a   
d>+ s*ool1 to :i* ,fr$]ic ( ,sicily 0   
suspect$ to belong4 ,x 0 to confute ?is 
s*ool t ,/4 ,b]n>d _h taught 9 8 s]mons 
on ! ,canticles t union ) ,god is n by  
confusion ( natures1 b con=mity ( w4 ,! 
poison ent]$ ,europe f ! we/ z well z ! 
ea/2 ! ,arabs 9 ,spa9 mix$ ! delusions (
 ,alex&ria ) ! subtleties ( ,ari/otle1 &
 ! result 0 su* m5 z ,av]roes &         
,avic5na4 ,g]b]t1 aft]w>d ,silve/]      
,,ii41 _h himself /udi$ 9 ,spa91 &      
br\ght back into ! ,european s*ools n   
only ! philosophy ( ,ari/otle1 b !      
,jewi% translations ( ,av]roes4 ,!      

unle>n$ monks ( ! we/ 7 naturally al>m$ 
at ! new works on physics1 a/ronomy1 &  
al*emy1 & especially at ! logic (       
,ari/otle1 & ! t]rible eruption (       
pan!ism4 ,x 0 !n t ! ,*ur* ex]cis$ h]   
pat]nal au?ority1 & condemn$ ! confusion
 ( ! limits betwe5 fai? & op9ion1 & !   
degradation ( ! sci5ces to m]e worldly  
purposes4 ,ozanam gives ! bull issu$ 9  
#abed by ,innoc5t ,,iv41 9 :i* he       
compla9s t ! /udy ( civil law 0         
sub/itut$ = t ( philosophy1 & t !ology  
itself 0 bani%$ f ! education ( prie/s4 
,we desire to br+ back m5's m9ds to !   
tea*+ ( !ology1 :i* is ! sci5ce (       
salvation2 or at lea/ to ! /udy (       
philosophy1 :i*1 ?\gh x does n possess !
 g5tle pleasures ( piety1 yet has ! fir/
 glimpses ( t et]nal tru? :i* frees !   
m9d f ! h9drance ( covet\sness1 :i* is  
idolatry4  ,! t5d5cy ( philosophical    
errors 0 n[ r5d]$ app>5t by _!          
developm5t1 s t :at 0 at fir/ a vague   
op9ion 0 n[ a broad & well-def9$ sy/em4 
,^? :o 7 firm 9 ! tea*+ ( ! ,*ur* f\nd x

 necess>y to use e means = oppos+ su*   
multipli$ evils1 & !y boldly v5tur$ on a
 ,*ri/ian eclecticism1 :i* %\ld employ  
all ! faculties & all ! modes ( us+ !m 9
 ! s]vice ( religion2 b x 0 n l !       
eclecticism ( ,alex&ria1 :]e ! ideas (  
,plato 7 unit$ ) ! =ms ( ,ari/otle1 &   
adorn$ by ! delusions ( magic4 ,! /r5g? 
( ,*ri/ian eclecticism lay 9 ! pure     
unity ( fai?1 def5d$ by all ! p[]s (    
man4 #fia ,bo? analysis & syn!sis1 says 
,ozanam1 are h>moniz$ 9 true sci5ce3 !y 
are ! two poles ( ! intellectual _w1 & h
 ! same axis & horizon4 ,! int]sect+    
po9t ( ! two sy/ems 0 ! union ( :at is  
true 9 realism & nom9alism ) my/ic      
tea*+1 & ! eclectic admitt$ ! exp]i5ce (
 ! s5ses z well z ! d$uctions ( reason &
 ! intuition ( my/icism ) ! te/imony (  
le>n+4 ,?us 7 unit$ 9 ! /udy ( tru? !   
f\r great p[]s ( ! s\l1 reason1         
tradition1 exp]i5ce1 & intuition4 ,b x  
has be5 rem>k$ t "s ( ! ma/]s :o taught 
by exp]im5t & tradition 7 p]secut$ z    
magicians1 & "s ( ^? :o us$ reason &    

intuition 7 canoniz$4 ,bo?1 h[ev]1      
obs]v$ ! ascetic life1 ( :i* ! ab/95ce (
 ,py?agoras & ! endurance ( ! ,/oics 7  
imitations1 & all practis$ ! virtues mo/
 opposite to hea!n morality1 namely1    
humility & *>ity4 ,! fir/ attempt at    
unit+ ! diff]5t op9ions ( ! le>n$ 0 made
 by ,pet] ,lomb>d1 :o collect$ ! s5t5ces
 ( ! fa!rs into a "w1 :i* ga9$ him !    
title ( ,ma/] ( ! ,s5t5ces1 & :i* 0     
aft]w>d p]fect$ 9 ! ,summa ( ,/4 ,?omas4
 ,alb]t ! ,great left ! palace ( 8      
ance/ors = ! ,dom9ican cloi/]4 ,he /udi$
 at ,cologne1 & 0 unequall$ 9 le>n+ &   
psy*ology4 ,:ile he reason$ on ideas1 he
 made exp]im5ts on matt]2 nay1 he us$   
al*emy1 to discov] unkn[n p[]s &        
sup]natural ag5ts4 ,x is said t 8       
tw5ty-"o folio volumes h nev] be5       
suffici5tly /udi$ by any "o to pron\nce 
on _! m]its4 ,8 "w on ! univ]se 0 writt5
 aga9/ pan!ism1 & decl>es ! pres5ce (   
,god 9 e "p ( creation1 )\t be+ confus$ 
) x4 ,t div9e pres5ce is ! s\rce ( all  
p[]4 ,he 01 says ,ozanam 7p4 #cc71 an   

,atlas1 :o c>ri$ on 8 %\ld]s ! :ole _w (
 sci5ce1 & did n b5d b5ea? its weight4  
,he 0 famili> ) ! languages ( ! anci5ts 
& ( ! ea/1 & _h imbib$ gigantic /r5g? at
 ^! f\nta9s ( tradition4 ,he believ$ 9 !
 title ( magician1 :i* 8 disciples gave 
him2 & he is rememb]$ by po/]ity r z a  
my?ological be+ ?an z a man4  ,!        
contempor>y ( ,alb]t1 says ,ozanam1 0   
,alex&] ,hales1 :o wrote ! ,summa (     
,univ]sal ,!ology4 ,william ( ,auv]gne 0
 a ,dom9ican & preceptor ( ,/4 ,l\is2 he
 wrote ,specim5 ,doctr9ale1 ,naturale1  
,hi/oriale2 a division ( ! sci5ces & _! 
end1 conta9+--#a1 !ology1 physics1 &    
ma!matics2 #b1 practice1 mona/ic1       
economic1 & politic2 #c1 me*anics &     
arts2 #d1 logic & words4 ,duns ,scotus1 
a ,franciscan1 0 m accurate 9 le>n+ ?an 
,alb]t himself2 s\nd1 ?\gh no discov]] 9
 physics1 & deep 9 ma!matics4 ,he       
comm5t$ on ,ari/otle & ,pet] ,lomb>d4 ,f
 8 /r5g?1 sagacity1 & precision1 he 0   
nam$ ! ,doctor ,subtilis4 ,he wrote on  
free w1 & says t its p]fection is       

con=mity to ! w ( ,god2 & d]ives ! moral
 law f ! w ( ,god1 accord+ to ,/4 ,paul1
 ,s9 is ! transgression ( ! law4 ,:5 ,/4
 ,?omas taught t ! moral law is         
necess>ily good because ,god is good1 & 
?is "q divid$ ! le>n$ into ! s*ools (   
,scoti/s & ,?omi/s1 ,rog] ,bacon1 an    
,engli% ,franciscan1 0 ! pupil (        
,scotus2 b he 0 eclectic1 & admitt$ bo? 
ext]ior & int]ior exp]i5ce1 & !         
d$uctions ( reason1 into ! int]c\rse ( !
 s\l ) ,god4 ,?\gh he condemn$ magic z  
an impo/ure1 he wrote on al*emy1 & ) !  
simplicity ( en?usiasm he hop$ to f9d ! 
philosoph]'s /one1 & to read ! fall (   
empires 9 ! />s4 ,he believ$ 9 ! p[]s ( 
human sci5ce1 & he h9ts at ! possibility
 ( a vessel mov+ )\t sails or o>s2 &    
imag9$ a balloon1 a div+-bell1 a        
susp5sion bridge1 & o!r miracles ( art1 
especially a telescope & a              
multiply+-glass4 ,speak+ ( ,greek #fib  
fire & unqu5*able lamps1 he says t art z
 well z nature has its ?und]s1 &        
describes ! effect ( gun-p[d]1 !        

attraction ( ! load/one1 & ! sympa?ies  
betwe5 m9]als1 plants1 & animals2 &     
says1 ,:5 ,i see ! prodigies ( nature1  
no?+ />tles my fai? ei!r 9 ! works ( man
 or 9 ! miracles ( ,god2 conclud+1 t    
,ari/otle may n h p5etrat$ ! deepe/     
secrets ( nature1 & t ! sages ( 8 own "t
 w be surpass$ by ! novices ( future    
days4 ,he _h ! same cle> & s\nd views ( 
sup]natural ?+s1 & wrote on ! secret    
works ( art & nature1 & ! falsehood (   
magic4 ,man _c influ5ce ! spiritual _w  
except by ! lawful use ( pray] address$ 
to ,god & ! angels1 :o gov]n n only ! _w
 ( spirits1 b ! de/9ies ( man4 ,?\gh    
call$ ! ,doctor ,mirabilis1 he 0        
suspect$ ( magic1 & di$ neglect$ 9 a    
prison1 :]e he _h no light to f9i% 8 la/
 works4 ,8 manuscripts 7 burn$ at !     
,re=mation1 9 a conv5t ( 8 ord]1 by m5  
:o pr(ess$1 says ,ozanam1 to re/ore !   
tor* ( reason1 :i* _h be5 ext+ui%$ by ! 
monks ( ! middle ages4  ,raymond ,lulli1
 ! ,doctor ,illum9atus1 0 a ,franciscan1
 ! great inv5tor ( arts2 b he 0 a       

philosophical adv5tur]1 ^: ca/ ( m9d 0  
,spani%1 ,arabian1 ,african1 & ea/]n4 ,8
 y\? 0 lic5ti\s1 8 life turbul5t1 & 8   
imag9ation re/less2 b he di$ z a sa9t & 
a m>tyr on 8 return f lib]at+ ! ,*ri/ian
 slaves 9 ,spa94  ,! glory ( !          
,franciscan ord] is ! ,s]aphical        
,doctor1 ,/4 ,bonav5ture4 ,he 0 educat$ 
"u ,hales1 ! ,irrefragable ,doctor4 ,8  
g5ius 0 ke5 & 8 judgm5t j1 & he 0 a ma/]
 ( s*ola/ic !ology & philosophy4 ,b :5  
he /udi$1 x 0 at ! foot ( a crucifix1 ) 
eyes dr[n$ 9 te>s f incessant m$itation 
on ! passion ( ,*ri/4 ,8 life 0 d$icat$ 
to ! glory ( ,god & 8 own               
sanctification2 yet he sp5t mu* "t 9    
actual pray]1 because he knew f my/ic   
!ology t k & ob$i5ce are ! gifts ( ,god2
 & devot$ himself to mortifications1    
because !y alone prep>e ! s\l = !       
reception ( div9e grace & intuition4    
,yet ?\gh he obta9$ ! gift ( ec/acy & ! 
grace ( crucify+ ! human nature1 he     
plac$ ,*ri/ian p]fection n 9 h]oic acts 
( virtue1 b 9 p]=m+ ord9>y actions well4

 ,ozanam quotes 8 words3 ,a con/ant     
fidelity 9 small ?+s is a great & h]oic 
virtue2 x is a cont9u$ crucifixion (    
self-love1 a complete sacrifice ( self1 
an entice submission to grace4 ,& 8 own 
pale & worn c\nt5ance %one ) a happ9ess 
& peace :i* exemplifi$ 8 maxim t        
spiritual joy is a sign t grace is      
pres5t 9 ! s\l4 ,?\gh 8 desire =        
sacram5tal communion 0 int5se1 yet we   
are told 8 great humility once kept him 
at a di/ance f ! alt>1 till an angel    
bore to him ! consecrat$ ho/2 & !       
raptures ) :i* he always receiv$ 8 ,god 
are express$1 ?\gh d\btless imp]fectly1 
9 ! burn+ words1 ,transfige ,dom9e1     
etc41 :i* he 0 wont to utt] aft] he _h  
himself (f]$ ! holy sacrifice4 ,8       
devotional works1 writt5 = ,/4 ,l\is &  
o!rs 9 8 c\rt1 fill ! he>t ) _! unction1
 & rank him z ! great ma/] ( spiritual  
life4 ,x 0 dur+ ! int]vals ( ec/asies t 
he wrote2 & :ile he 0 occupi$ on ! life 
( ,/4 ,francis1 ,/4 ,?omas beheld him 9 
8 cell rais$ above ! e>?1 & ! future    

sa9t exclaim$3 ,leave a sa9t to write ! 
life ( a sa9t4  ,x is ) pr(\nd rev]5ce t
 we mu/ inquire :at 0 ! intellectual    
tea*+ ( s holy a man2 & x is1 inde$1 s  
va/ & yet s deep t x exhau/s all ! human
 p[]s 9 contemplat+ ! nature ( ,god & ! 
end ( man1 :i* is 8 union to ,god4      
,ozanam gives a passage f 8 "w on !     
,r$uction ( ,arts to ,philosophy1 9 :i* 
he #fic says t philosophy is ! m$ium by 
:i* ! !ologian =ms = himself a mirror   
7speculum7 f creat$ ?+s1 :i* s]ve him z 
/eps by :i* he may asc5d to heav54 ,he  
beg9s by ! reveal$ tru?1 t e good &     
p]fect gift desc5ds f ! ,fa!r ( light1 &
 tea*es ( its desc5t by ^! f\r          
ways--ext]ior1 inf]ior1 int]ior1 &      
sup]ior--?r\gh successive irradiations1 
namely1 ,holy ,scripture1 exp]im5tal    
me*anics1 & philosophy1 :i* succe$ ea*  
o!r l ! days ( creation1 all conv]g+ 9 !
 light ( ,holy ,scripture1 & all succe$$
 by t sev5? day 9 :i* ! s\l w re/ 9 !   
p]fect k ( heav54  #a4 ,ext]ior light1  
or tradition1 relates to ! ext]ior =ms (

 matt]1 & produces ! me*anical arts1 :i*
 7 divid$ by ,hugo into sev5--weav+1 "w 
9 wood & 9 /one1 agriculture1 hunt+1    
navigation1 !atricals1 & m$ic9e4  #b4   
,inf]ior light1 or t ( ! s5ses1 awak5s 9
 ! m9d ! p]ceptions ( ! five s5ses1 z   
,/4 ,augu/9 says1 by t f9e ess5ce ^:    
nature & ^: seat baffles all our        
discov]ies4  #c4 ,int]ior light1 or     
reason1 tea*es u by ! processes ( ?\ght 
^? intellectual tru?s :i* are fix$ 9 !  
human m9d by physics1 logic1 & e?ics1   
?r\gh rational1 natural1 & moral action 
on ! w1 ! conduct1 & ! spee*1 :i* are ! 
triple functions ( ! und]/&+1 & on !    
?ree faculties ( ! reason--appreh5sion1 
judgm5t1 & action2 ?is int]ior light    
acts on outw>d ?+s by physics1          
ma!matics1 & metaphysics1 & p]ceives    
,god 9 all ?+s by logic1 by physics1 &  
by e?ics4 ,& he goes on to consid] tru? 
z x is 9 ! ess5ce ( words1 ?+s1 &       
actions4  #d4 ,! sup]ior light proce$s f
 grace & f ! ,holy ,scriptures1 &       
reveals ! tru?s relat+ to salvation &   

sanctification4 ,x is nam$ f its rais+ u
 to ! k ( ?+s above u1 & because x      
desc5ds f ,god by way ( inspiration & n 
by reflection4 ,?is light also is       
?reefold4 ,holy ,scripture conta9s1 "u !
 lit]al s5se ( ! words1 ! allegorical1  
:i* decl>es :at mu/ be believ$ conc]n+  
,god & man2 ! moral1 :i* tea*es u h[ to 
live2 ! analogical1 :i* gives ! laws by 
:i* man may unite himself to ,god4 ,& ! 
tea*+ ( ,holy ,scripture conta9s ?ree   
po9ts--fai?1 virtue1 & beatitude4 ,!    
c\rse by :i* k mu/ be s\ght is by1  #a1 
tradition2 #b1 exp]im5t2 #c1 reason2 &  
#d1 a desc5t z x 7 by ! same road1 s z  
to f9d ! /amp ( ! div9ity on all :i* is 
conceiv$1 or felt1 or ?\ght4 ,all       
sci5ces are p]vad$ by my/]ies2 & x is by
 lay+ hold ( ! clue ( ! my/]y t all !   
dep?s ( ea* sci5ce are explor$4  ,x 0 to
 ,m\nt ,alv]nia1 :]e 8 ma/]1 ,/4        
,francis1 s lately receiv$ ! /igmata1 t 
,/4 ,bonav5ture retir$ to write !       
,it9]>ium ,m5tis ad ,deum1 9 :i* he     
treats on ! div9e nature1 & consid]s    

,god z manife/+ himself 9 ?ree modes1 & 
man z receiv+ ! k ( him by ! ?ree       
functions ( memory1 und]/&+1 & w4       
,ozanam says3 ,to ^! triple functions ( 
! m9d ,god manife/s himself 9 ?ree ways3
 #a1 by ! traces ( 8 creation 9 ! _w2   
#b1 by 8 image 9 human nature2 #c1 by ! 
light :i* he %$s on ! sup]ior region ( !
 s\l4 ,^? :o contemplate him 9 ! fir/   
are 9 ! ve/ibule ( ! tab]nacle2 ^? :o   
rise to ! second are 9 ! holy place2 ^? 
:o rea* ! ?ird are )9 ! holy ( holies1  
:]e ! two *]ubim figur$ ! unity ( !     
div9e ess5ce & ! plurality ( div9e      
p]sons4 ,he lik5s ! invisible exi/5ce ( 
,god to ! light1 :i*1 ?\gh unse51       
enables ! eye to p]ceive colors2 &      
proves f 8 exi/5ce 8 unity1 et]nity1 &  
p]fection2 & f ! et]nal action ( 8      
goodness he d$uces ! doctr9e ( !        
,tr9ity4  #fid  ,! ,breviloquium treats 
on ! nature ( man1 :o exi/s n ( himself1
 nor by emanation f ,god1 b 0 call$ into
 life out ( no?+ by ! ,creator1 & lives 
by no mortal life borr[$ f ! out] _w1 b 

by its own & immortal life1 intellig5t &
 free4 ,^! attributes ( ,god are        
communicat$ by him to 8 creatures       
accord+ to 8 own law1 t ! sup]ior %all  
be ! m$ium ( grace to ! inf]ior4 ,!     
happ9ess ( ! s\l mu/ be immortal & is 9 
,god1 & %e c exi/ sep>at$ f ?is body :i*
 %e inhabits & moves4 ,ozanam says3 ,!  
,comp5dium ,!ologies ,v]itatis treats ( 
! connection betwe5 physics & morals1 & 
inquires h[ ! body indicates ! v>iations
 ( ! s\l by t my/]i\s l9k on :i* !      
sci5tific speculate1 b :i* ! sa9t treats
 z a subject n = dogmatiz+ b =          
contemplation1 assi/$ by ! mortification
 :i* alone br+s ! passions into         
subs]vi5cy4 ,b ! ,s]aphic ,doctor left 8
 tea*+ unf9i%$4 ,"s ( 8 spiritual works 
h be5 translat$ by ! ,abbe ,b]?aumi]2 & 
! read] w f9d t :at has be5 said gives  
an imp]fect idea ( ! writ+s ( ?is doctor
 ( ! ,*ur*1 :i* fill six folio volumes1 
& h sc>cely be5 ma/]$ by a few1 ?\gh !y 
h w>m$ ! devotion ( _m2 & "o %ort       
treatise1 call$ ! ,soliloquy1 is ( su* a

 nature z to include ! :ole sci5ce (    
devotion4 ,x repres5ts ! s\l contemplat+
 ,god1 n 9 8 creatures1 b )9 itself1 &  
ask+ :at is h] own position 9 8 pres5ce3
 creat$ by him1 & s9n+ aga9/ him2 r$eem$
 by him1 & yet s9n+2 full ( contrition1 
yet firm 9 ! hope ( glory4 ,! tea*+ (   
,/4 ,paul is cont9u$ by ,/4 ,augu/91 ,/4
 ,ambrose1 & ,/4 ,b]n>d2 & x seems z if 
no o!r book 7 ne$ful4 ,"o passage1 & "o 
only1 may %[ ! treasures x conta9s4 ,!  
s\l is conv9c$ ( ! vanity ( creat$ ?+s1 
& asks h[ m5 are s bl9d$ z to love !m4  
,because ! s\l is creat$ ) s glori\s &  
s5sitive a nature1 t x _c live )\t love2
 & :ile ! elect f9d no?+ 9 creat$ ?+s   
:i* c satisfy _! desire ( happ9ess1 &   
!re=e re/ 9 ! contemplation ( ,god1 !   
delud$ multitude neglect !mselves =     
pass+ objects1 & love _! exile z if x 7 
_! home4 ,b ,ozanam does n leave 8      
hi/ory ( intellectual progress to treat 
( spiritual gifts4  ,/4 ,?omas 0 born   
ne>ly at ! same "t z ,/4 ,bonav5ture1 9 
! same wild valleys ( ! ,ap5n9es4 ,!y   

/udi$ toge!r at ,p>is2 !y liv$ & di$ & 7
 canoniz$ toge!r4  ,x 0 said by         
,pallavic9i t :51 9 ! twelf? c5tury1 !  
,arabs made ,cordova a second ,a!ns1 &  
,av]roes us$ ! philosophy ( ,ari/otle z 
a weapon aga9/ ! fai?1 ,god rais$ up !  
intellect ( ,/4 ,?omas1 :o1 by deep /udy
 ( ,ari/otle1 f\nd 9 8 own pr9ciples a  
solution ( ! argum5ts us$ by infidels2 &
 ! s*ola/ics1 foll[+ him1 h s employ$   
,ari/otle to def5d ,*ri/ianity1 t       
:osoev] rebels aga9/ ! ,vatican rebels  
also aga9/ ! ,lycaeum4 ,/4 ,?omas _h1   
h[ev]1 to confute ! errors ( ,ari/otle1 
& ( ,abel>d & o!rs :o _h foll[$ !m1 :ile
 he set =? ! great tru?s ( reason :i* he
 taught4 ,x 0 9 #abdh t he publi%$ a    
comm5t on ! ,e?ics4 ,he _h himself1 says
 ,ozanam1 ! le>n+ & ! weight (          
,ari/otle2 8 p[] ( analysis &           
classification1 & ! same sobriety (     
language4 ,he _h also /udi$ ! ,timaeus (
 ,plato1 ! doctr9es ( ,alb]t1 ,alex&]   
,hales1 & ,john ( ,salisbury4 ,he foll[$
 ! s*ool ( ,/4 ,augu/91 & drew f ,/4    

,gregory 8 rule ( morals4 ,8 comm5ts on 
! ,s5t5ces conta9 a me?odical c\rse (   
philosophy1 z 8 ,summa conta9s an       
abridgm5t ( div9ity4 ,9 an extract giv5 
by ,ozanam1 ,/4 ,?omas says1 fai?       
consid]s be+s 9 relation to ,god2       
philosophy1 z !y #fie are 9 !mselves4   
,philosophy /udies second causes2 fai?1 
! fir/ cause alone4 ,9 philosophy !     
notion ( ,god is s\ght f ! k (          
creatures1 s t ! notion ( ,god is second
 to t ( 8 creatures2 fai? tea*es fir/ ! 
notion ( ,god1 & reveals 9 him !        
univ]sal ord] ( :i* he is ! c5tre1 & s  
ends by ! k ( creatures2 & ?is is ! mo/ 
p]fect me?od1 because human und]/&+ is  
?us assimilat$ to ! div9e2 :i*          
contemplat+ itself contemplates all ?+s 
9 itself4 ,!ology1 !re=e1 only borr[s f 
philosophy illu/rations ( ! dogmas %e   
(f]s to our fai?4  ,x 0 9 #abfe t1 at ! 
reque/ ( ,/4 ,raymond de ,p5na=t1 ,/4   
,?omas wrote ! ,summa ,!ologies aga9/ ! 
infidels 9 ,spa92 a book :i* has ev]    
s9ce be5 consid]$ z a p]fect body (     

!ology & ! manual ( ! sa9ts4 ,9 !       
philosophy ( ,/4 ,bonav5ture1 says      
,ozanam1 ! lead+ guide 0 p]haps r !     
div9e love ?an ! rese>*es ( intellect4  
,/4 ,?omas comb9$ all ! faculties "u !  
rule ( a l(ty m$itation & a solemn      
reason1 unit+ ! ab/ract p]ceptions      
beheld by ! und]/&+ ) ! images ( ext]nal
 ?+s receiv$ by ! s5ses4 ,x 0 a va/     
encyclopa$ia ( moral sci5ces1 9 :i* 0   
said all t c be kn[n ( ,god1 ( man & 8  
relations to ,god2 9 %ort1 ,summa totius
 !ologies4 ,?is monum5t1 h>moni\s ?\gh  
div]se1 colossal 9 its dim5sions1 &     
magnific5t 9 its plan1 rema9$ unf9i%$1 l
 all ! great political1 lit]>y1 &       
ar*itectural creations ( ! middle age1  
:i* seem only to be %[n & n suff]$ to   
exi/4 ,& ! ,doctor ,angelicus left ! va/
 outl9e incomplete4 ,t outl9e is to be  
appreciat$ only by ! le>n$2 ! ignorant  
may guess its greatness by a catalogue1 
h[ev] meagre1 ( its cont5ts4 ,9 ! fir/  
"p1 or ! natural1 ,/4 ,?omas treats ( ! 
nature ( ,god & ( creatures2 8 ess5ce1 8

 attributes1 & ! my/]y ( ! ,holy        
,tr9ity2 !n1 9 relation to 8 creatures1 
z _! ,creator & ,pres]v]4 ,9 ! second1  
or moral1 "p he treats ( g5]al          
pr9ciples1 ( virtues & vices1 ( !       
movem5t ( ! reasonable creature t[>d    
,god1 ( 8 *ief end1 & on ! qualities ( !
 actions by :i* he c atta9 x1 ( !       
!ological & moral virtues4 ,9 ! ?ird1 or
 !ological1 "p he exam9es ! means (     
atta9+ ,god1 ! inc>nation & ! sacram5ts4
 ,9 ! ,summa1 says ,ozanam1 ! notions ( 
?+s lead to ! attributes ( ! div9ity1   
unity1 goodness1 & tru?2 ?us1 natural   
!ology arriv$ at ! unity z well z !     
attributes ( ,god1 :ile f 8 action is   
d$uc$ 8 ,p]sonality & ,tr9ity4 ,!n      
foll[s ! nature ( good & bad angels1 (  
s\ls 9 a sep>ate /ate2 & !n ! sci5ce (  
man consid]$ z a comp\nd be+ ( s\l &    
body1 end[$ ) intellect = receiv+       
impressions f ! div9e light above1 & f  
its reflection on ?+s bel[4 ,he is also 
end[$ ) desire1 by :i* he is =m$ to seek
 goodness & happ9ess1 b is free 9 w to  

*ose vice or virtue2 & ! rejection ( s91
 & acquisition ( virtue1 9 a life       
regulat$ by div9e human law1 is a %ad[ (
 life 9 heav54 ,en\gh has be5 said to %[
 h[ l(ty 0 ! tea*+ ( ! sa9t2 to ^:      
invocation l>ge indulg5ces are atta*$1 &
 :o _h ! task ( compos+ ! (fice us$ on !
 fe/ival ( ,corpus ,dom9i4 ,! great     
object ( 8 adoration & contemplation 0 !
 my/]y ( ! real pres5ce2 & 8 ,adoro ,te 
devote may be us$ z an act ( wor%ip at !
 holie/ mom5t ( ! sacrifice ( ! alt>4 ,!
 ec/asy ( 8 joy 9 communion is express$ 
9 ! ,gratias ,tibi ago2 & he decl>$ 8   
fai? 9 ! my/]y z he lay on ! a%es :]e he
 di$4 ,& ?is pure fai? is record$ by    
,raphael1 :o repres5ts him 9 8 picture (
 ! ',dispute on ! ,bless$ ,eu*>i/' among
 ! doctors ( all ages be=e ! miracul\s  
ho/4  #fif  ,l all o!r sa9ts1 he s\ght  
deta*m5t by mortification1 & ! love (   
,god by pray]4 ,8 pr9ciple 01 t pray]   
mu/ prec$e /udy1 because m is le>nt f ! 
crucifix ?an f books2 & 8 la/ maxim 01 t
 9 ord] to avoid be+ sep>at$ f ,god by  

s91 a man mu/ walk z 9 ! sight ( ,god & 
prep>$ = judgm5t4 ,:5 he laid aside 8   
religi\s /udies to prep>e = et]nity1 he 
us$ ! words ( ,/4 ,augu/93 ,!n %all ,i  
truly live :5 ,i am full ( !e & ?y love2
 n[ am ,i a burd5 to myself1 because ,i 
am n entirely full ( !e4  ,my/ic !ology 
0 n[ c>ri$ to p]fection by ,g]s51 abbot 
( ! ,b5$ict9e mona/]y ( ,v]ceuil f #abbj
 to #abdj4 ,_m attribute to him !       
au?or%ip ( ! ,imitation ( ,*ri/2 !re    
are1 h[ev]1 a numb] ( o!rs :o d n agree 
) ?is op9ion4 ,! ,imitation is g5]ally  
rank$ z com+ v close aft] ! inspir$     
writ+s4 ,:at is said ( ! int]ior life is
 m or less intelligible to ^? :o are    
endeavor+ aft] p]fection1 b mu/ be      
un9telligible to any :o h n ! fai?3 ,una
 vox librorum 7iii4 #dc71 says ! au?or2 
b ! "o voice does n tea* all alike1 = he
 :o is )9 is ! tea*] ( tru?4 ,! f\r     
books are 9 ! h&s ( all4 ,! cont5ts ( ! 
fir/ are on ! conduct ( m5 z to !       
ext]ior _w1 & ! qualities necess>y = !  
foll[+ ( ,*ri/--humility1 deta*m5t1     

*>ity1 & ob$i5ce2 !n grace w be f\nd1 n 
9 ext]nal ?+s1 b )91 9 a m9d calm1      
ob$i5t1 & seek+ n to adapt b to ma/]    
circum/ances4 ,! second tea*es him :o   
turns f creatures t ! k+dom ( ,god is   
)91 & t ! gov]nm5t ( ?is inn] _w is !   
sci5ce ( p]fection3 ,give room to ,*ri/ 
& refuse entrance to o!rs2 !n w man be  
free amid ! *aos1 & creatures w be to   
him only ! speculum vitae4 ,seek ,*ri/ 9
 all1 & y w f9d him 9 all2 seek self1 & 
y w f9d x ev]y:]e3 "o ?+ is above all1 t
 leav+ all y leave self4 ,9 ! ?ird book 
! s\l li/5s to ! int]nal voice ( ,god1  
:o makes kn[n to h] t he is h]          
salvation2 & %e !re=e prays = ! "o gift 
( div9e love4 ,x is impossible1 p]haps n
 desirable1 to repeat ! dev\t           
aspirations ( ?is div9e love4 ,may ^? :o
 read ! holy words receive _! import    
?r\gh ! light ( grace6 ,! f\r? book     
relates to ! union ( ! s\l ) h] ,"l     
?r\gh sacram5tal communion2 & ?is c only
 be read 9 ! h\rs ( devotion4  ,x is    
presumptu\s to say ev5 ?us mu* ( ! great

 sa9ts :o liv$ 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury1 h[ is
 x possible to und]value ! progress !y  
made 9 all ! highe/ p[]s ( ! s\l8 or :o 
c speak ( ! s*ools ( ! middle ages z    
des]v+ ( contempt 9 days :i* _c         
compreh5d !m8  ,ozanam desires to %[ t  
,dante 0 tra9$ 9 ?is exalt$ le>n+1 & has
 embodi$ :at he le>nt 9 8 ,div9a        
,comm$ia4 ,he speaks ( ! full developm5t
 atta9$ by s*ola/ic tea*+ 9 ^? great    
tea*]s1 aft] :om no ef=ts 7 made to     
ext5d ! limits ( human k2 & he speaks ( 
! p]plexities :i* arose ) ! anti-papal  
s*ism4 ,x 0 to ! calm & maje/ic         
philosophy ( ! ?irte5? c5tury1 says     
,ozanam1 t ,dante turn$ 8 eyes2 & 8     
great poem decl>$ to an age1 :i*        
und]/ood him n1 ! contemplative1        
ascetic1 & symbolical tea*+ ( ! my/ic   
s*ool1 :i* he _h /udi$ 9 ! ,comp5dium ( 
,/4 ,bonav5ture & ! ,summa ( ,/4 ,?omas2
 & he proves by an analysis ( t wond]ful
 poem t x conta9s n only ! great tru?s (
 revelation1 b ! _s ( ! decay+ m$iaeval 
philosophy3    ,o voi *e avete gli      

intelletti sani1   ,mirate la dottr9a *e
 asc5de   ,sotto 'l velame del v]si     
/rani4  ------  #fig  ,translat$ f !    
,revue du ,monde ,ca?olique4  ,,:at     
,,came ,,( ,a ,,pray]4   ,9 ! fif? /ory 
( an old h\se 9 ! ,rue du               
,f\r-,sa9t-,g]ma91 lay a sick woman ^:  
pale emaciat$ face bore traces ( age &  
sorr[4 ,beside h] b$ 0 a "y man1 ^: t5d]
 c>e %[$ him to be h] son4 ,! furniture 
( ! ap>tm5t1 ?\gh ( ! pla9e/ k9d1 0     
neatly & c>efully arrang$1 :ile !       
crucifix at ! head ( ! b$ & a /atue ( ! 
,bless$ ,virg9 m>k$ ! ,*ri/ian family4  
,! y\? _h j giv5 8 "m a spoonful (      
gruel1 & %e _h fall5 asleep smil+ on h] 
son--t quiet sleep att5dant on recov]y f
 sev]e illness4 ,he knelt to ?ank ,god =
 hav+ sav$ 8 "m's life1 & :ile he prays1
 & %e sleeps1 )\t di/urb+ ! pray] ( !   
"o1 or ! sleep ( ! o!r1 ,i w tell y _!  
/ory 9 a few words4  ,! fa!r 0 a pr9t]  
at ,sceaux4 ,indu/ri\s1 prud5t1 (       
scrupul\s integrity1 lov+ ju/ice & fe>+ 
,god1 he acquir$ by 8 hone/ labor a     

compet5ce = 8 old age & a fair prospect 
= 8 son4 ,losses1 failures1 & un=ese5   
mis=tunes ru9$ him1 & he f\nd himself   
bankrupt4 ,?is bl[ s5sibly affect$ him1 
b did n ov]:elm him4 ,he 0 (f]$ a       
situation z compositor 9 a pr9t+ (fice 9
 ,p>is1 resum$ ! workman's dress1 &     
c\rage\sly began to "w4 ,8 wife1 z /rong
 z he1 nev] utt]$ a compla9t or regret4 
,_! son 0 )drawn f college to le>n 8    
fa!r's trade1 & al?\gh s "y1 8 he>t 0   
p5etrat$ ) pr(\nd religi\s fai?4 ,?us   
liv$ ?is humble h\sehold1 resign$ &     
happy1 because !y lov$ ea* o!r1 fe>$    
,god1 & accept$ trials4 ,sev]al ye>s    
elaps$1 ye>s ( toil 9 _! endeavors to   
liquidate ! debts ( ! pa/3 fruitful1    
h[ev]1 9 dome/ic joys4 ,! *ild became a 
"y man1 & fulfill$ ! promises ( 8       
*ildhood4 ,god bless$ ^! afflict$ p>5ts 
9 _! son4  ,sudd5ly ! fa!r fell sick &  
di$4 ,^? ( u :o h wept at ! dea?-b$ ( a 
fa!r1 "k ! angui% ( ^? h\rs :5 we       
contemplate = ! la/ "t ! belov$ features
 :i* we are to see no m on e>?2 !       

impressions ( :i* grief "t s(t5s b c    
nev] efface4 ,= ^? :o live entirely 9 ! 
dome/ic circle1 ! sep>ation1 9 break+ ! 
he>t1 breaks at ! same "t ! tie to life4
 ,left ?us alone1 ! "m & son 7 m closely
 unit$1 ea* gave to ! o!r ! love =m]ly  
be/[$ ^u him :o 0 no m4 ,jacques ,dur& 0
 n[ tw5ty-five ye>s old4 ,8 c\nt5ance 0 
frank & op51 b s]i\s & grave4 ,he _h !  
e/eem ( 8 employ]1 ! respect ( 8        
companions1 & ! sympa?y ( all :o knew   
him4 ,he 0 n a%am$ to be a me*anic1 kn[+
 ! hidd5 *>m ( labor :5 t labor is (f]$ 
to ,god4 ,dur+ ! mon? ( 8 "m's illness  
he did n leave h] pill[4 ,! physician   
pron\nc$ h]1 ! day be=e our /ory op5s1  
out ( dang]4 ,y und]/& n[ :y ! "y man   
pray$ ) s mu* f]vor :ile 8 "m slept4 ,8 
devotions 7 int]rupt$ by a knock at !   
door4 ,x 0 ,mme4 ,anto9e1 ! port]'s     
wife1 a little loquaci\s1 b oblig+ to h]
 t5ants1 9 a ^w1 su* a portress z we f9d
 only 9 books4 ,jacques1 :o 0 go+ out1  
_h reque/$ h] to take 8 place beside 8  
"m4 ,%e ent]$ quietly = fe> ( di/urb+ ! 

pati5t1 receiv$ ! directions :i* ! "y   
man gave h] 9 a l[ voice1 & seat+ h]self
 ne> ! b$side1 busi$ h] skilful f+]s )  
h] knitt+4 ,old ,anto9e1 ! port]1 /opp$ 
our fri5d ,jacques at ! foot #fih ( !   
/aircase4 ,he 0 polite1 b5evol5t1 atta*$
 to 8 t5ants1 did n despise !m if !y 7  
poor1 & r5d]$ !m a s]vice if he c\ld4   
,he 0 an old soldi] ( #ahad4 ,he        
delight$ to speak ( ! ,fr5* campaign1   
wore ) pride ! m$al ( ,/4 ,hel5a1 & %[$ 
a seal :i* he receiv$ at ,*ampaub]t4 ,9 
remembrance ( ,napoleon1 he says1 rais+ 
8 hat & /raight5+ 8 b5t figure4 ,i don't
 "k ( any fault t he _h except relat+   
too (t5 ! battle ( ,*ampaub]t4  ,well1  
said he1 h[ is ,mme4 ,dur&8 ,mu* bett]1 
repli$ ! y\?1 %e has j fall5 into a     
quiet sleep1 :i* ! doctor decl>es       
favorable to h] recov]y4 ,god be prais$1
 resumes ,anto9e4 ,beg p>don1 ,m4       
,jacques1 ,i c tell y n[ ,mme4 ,dur& has
 made u v uneasy4 ,9 say+ ?is he gave ! 
"y man a cordial %ake ( ! h&1 :i* !     
latt] he>tily return$4  ,9 go+ out      

,jacques took ! ,rue du                 
,vieux-,colembi]1 & ent]$ ! (fice ( !   
,mont-de-piete at ! corn] ( ,la         
,croix-,r\ge4  ,dur+ 8 "m's illness he  
_h sp5t _m h>d-e>n$ sav+s1 = y already  
"k he _h impos$ on himself ! obligation 
( pay+ ! debts ( ! failure1 & beside1   
deta9$ at home ) 8 "m1 he _h be5 unable 
to e>n any?+ dur+ ! mon?4 ,/ill ! doctor
 _h to be paid1 & m$ic9es b\ght2 ! small
 sum advanc$ by 8 employ] 0 ne>ly       
exhau/$1 & he 0 n[ on 8 way to pawn a   
silv] =k & spoon4 ,a "y girl /ood beside
 him 9 ! (fice1 & z !re 7 _m to be s]v$ 
be=e himself1 he reliev$ ! we>9ess (    
wait+ by wat*+ h]4 ,h] cap _h no        
ribbons1 b 0 gracefully plac$ on h]     
light hair2 a wooll5 dress1 n new1 nor (
 ! late/ fa%ion1 b clean & well kept1 a 
w$d+ r+ 7d\btless h] "m's legacy71 & a  
pla9 %awl1 complet$ h] poor toilette4   
,jacques 0 attract$ by h] mode/ air4 ,"s
 indu/ri\s seam/ress1 he said to        
himself4 ,z 8 turn _h n[ come1 he       
pres5t$ ! =k & spoon--! value 0         

asc]ta9$--& ! sum paid4 ,! girl1 foll[+ 
him1 drew f a napk9 a half worn cloak1  
:i* %e (f]$ ) a timid air4  ,t5 francs1 
says ! cl]k4  ,oh6 said %e blu%+1 if y  
c\ld give me fifte5 = x6 ,see1 sir1 !   
cloak is /ill good4  ,well1 twelve      
francs2 w y trade at t price8  ,hav+    
giv5 h] ass5t1 %e took ! money & !      
receipt1 & w5t out4 ,jacques prec$$ h]1 
& be=e pass+ out ! door1 he saw h] dry a
 te>4 ,%e is weep+1 he said to himself2 
,i suppose ! r5t is unpaid4 ,poor girl6 
,/upid cl]k6 ,) ^! reflections he arriv$
 at ! druggi/'s2 he b\ght ! rem$ies     
prescrib$ by ! doctor2 !n c]ta9 t ,mme4 
,anto9e 0 tak+ good c>e ( 8 *>ge1 he    
?\ght he %\ld h "t to say a pray] at !  
*ur* ( ,/4 ,sulpice4 ,jacques _h a      
p>ticul> devotion to ! ,bless$ ,virg94  
,x is to h] int]cession he attribut$ 8  
"m's cure3 x is be=e h] alt> t he knelt4
 ,8 pray] 0 an act ( ?anksgiv+ & a      
petition = a new favor4 ,8 "m wi%$ him  
to m>ry2 he _h (t5 dream$ ( *e]+ h] old 
age by ! affection ( a daught]1 & he    

ask$ ! ,virg9 to guide him 9 8 *oice4   
,happ9ess disposes ! s\l to *>ity4 ,he  
?\ght ( ! mo!rless1 ! suff]+1 & !       
sorr[ful1 & pray$ = !m4 ,he rememb]$ !  
"y girl he _h j se5 weep+1 & pray$ = h]4
 ,at ?is mom5t1 a woman kneel+ 9 front (
 him rose1 & z %e pass$ him to leave !  
*ur* he recogniz$ ! "y girl4 ,pray] has 
! secret ( dry+ our te>s2 h] face _h    
resum$ its usual s]5ity4 ,he /ill pray$ 
= h]3 ,holy ,virg91 wat* ov] t *ild1    
grant t %e may be ev] pi\s & *a/e1 & all
 else %all be add$ to h]4 ,z he prep>$  
to leave1 he saw a lett] beside ! *air  
:]e #fii ! girl _h knelt4 ,he made ha/e 
to rejo9 h] 9 ord] to re/ore x2 b %e _h 
already left ! *ur*4 ,he put x 9 8      
pocket1 int5d+ to burn x :5 he rea*$    
home4  ,t ev5+1 z he sat by 8 "m's side 
:ile %e slept1 "h-view$ ! ev5ts ( ! day1
 accord+ to 8 cu/om1 prep>atory to 8    
exam9ation ( consci5ce4 ,?us he recall$ 
! incid5ts ( ! morn+1 & hav+ drawn !    
lett] f 8 pocket prep>$ to burn x4 ,he  
approa*$ ! fire & 0 ab\t to ?r[ x 94    

,:at re/ra9s 8 h&8 ,9 ! lett] he feels  
some?+--a piece ( gold1 p]haps4 ,x 0 n  
seal$2 he op5$ x1 & drew out a m$al ( ! 
,bless$ ,virg94 ,! op5 lett] excit$ 8   
curiosity2 he 0 tempt$ to read x4 ,d n  
blame him too sev]ely1 read]1 if he     
yields to ! temptation4 ,he has f9i%$ 8 
p]usal1 & ,i see he is affect$4 ,8      
emotion excites my curiosity1 & ,i am   
tempt$ to read x 9 my turn4 ,w y be     
angry ) me1 or w y be accomplices 9 my  
fault8 ,"h are ! cont5ts ( ! lett]3     
,,to ,m4 ,,luci5 ,,rigaut1   ,,corporal 
,,9 ,,! #aaj,,? ,,regim5t1 ,,metz4      
,,my ,,de> ,,bro!r3--,i _c s5d y !      
hundr$ francs y ask me   =4 ,d n blame  
me1 x is n my fault2 "w is n well paid1 
&   ev]y?+ is v de> 9 ,p>is1 & y mu/ "k 
la/ mon? ,i _h   to pay some?+ to ! man 
:o takes c>e ( mamma's tomb4 ,:5 y      
return ,i am sure y w be mu* griev$ if t
 is neglect$4 ,y   %all receive fifty   
francs4 ,"h are ?irty f me2 ! rema9d]   
is f ! good ,abbe ,g>ni] :om ,i w5t to  
see1 & :o wi%es   also to assi/ 8       

extravagant *ild4 ,at ! same "t he gave 
me   = y a m$al ( ! ,bless$ ,virg91 :i* 
y w f9d 9 my   lett]1 & :i* y mu/ we> on
 y\r neck4 ,t1 my naughty   bro!r1 w    
pres]ve y f dang] & keep y f s94        
,promise me nev] m to associate ) bad   
companions1 :o lead y   to ! cafes & :o 
are n too pi\s1 ,i am sure4 ,y mu/ say  
y\r   pray]s morn+ & night1 g to mass on
 ,sunday1 confess1 & live   l a good    
,*ri/ian4 ,i w n reproa* y = hav+       
neglect$   y\r duties1 b ,i am griev$1 &
 if y c\ld h se5 y\r poor   si/] weep ,i
 am sure y w\ld re=m4 ,d y rememb] :5   
mamma   0 ab\t to leave u1 & we 7 beside
 h] b$ re/ra9+ our   te>s t %e might h z
 a la/ joy 9 ?is _w ! smile (   h]      
*ildr51 h[ %e made u promise to be      
always good &   religi\s8 ,nev] =get t  
promise1 ,luci51 = ! good ,god   puni%es
 p]jur$ *ildr54 ,:at w y ?9k ( my lett]8
 ,oh1   y w call me a little scold4 ,y w
 be angry at fir/1 !n   y w p>don me2 y 
w put ! m$al ar\nd y\r neck1 & y   w    
write me a good lett] to re/ore gaiety  

to my he>t4 ,y d   n "k h[ well ,i h    
arrang$ my room4 ,:5 y return y w       
recognize our old furniture4 ,mamma's   
portrait hangs ov] ! bureau1   & ,i h   
plac$ our fir/ communion pictures on ea*
 side4 ,:5 ,i   h money ,i buy fl[]s1 & 
= f\r s\s ,i give to my abode !   sweet 
odor ( ! c\ntry4 ,%all ,i tell y h[ ,i  
employ my "t8 ,i   am an e>ly ris]4     
,fir/ my h\sekeep+1 !n my breakfa/2     
aft]w>d ,i he> mass1 & f ! *ur* to my   
day's "w4 ,?anks   to ! recomm5dation ( 
! ,abbe ,g>ni] & ( ! si/] at !          
,patronage1 ,i d n want = "w4 ,9 ! ev5+1
 be=e return+1   ,i say a pray] 9 !     
*ur*2 !n my supp]1 & a little read+   or
 m5d+ till b$-"t4 ,on ,sunday aft] mass 
,i g to ! cemet]y   to pray at mamma's  
tomb1 aft]w>d to ! ,patronage1 :]e we   
enjoy   ourselves mu*4 ,i wi% y c\ld see
 h[ good ! si/] is1 h[ %e   spoils me1  
h[ g5tly %e scolds me :5 ,i am n good1 =
 9 spite   ( all my s]mons x sometimes  
happ5s t ,i des]ve to be scold$4   ,y   
see1 bro!r1 t ,i h no "t to be sad4 ,if 

9 ! ev5+ ,i   feel #gjj lonely1 ,i ?9k (
 ,god1 :o is always ne> u1 ( my good    
fri5ds1 ( y1 :om ,i %all see next ye>1 &
 ^! sweet   ?\ghts make me =get !       
isolation ( my little room4 ,h[ pr\d ,i 
%all be to g out lean+ on y\r arm1 & to 
walk ) y on   ,sunday 9 ! ,luxemb\rg6 ,)
 ! corporal's ribbons & !   ,italian    
m$al1 ,i am sure ev]ybody w turn r\nd to
 look at y4   ,d y "k ,i h made a nov5a 
t y may be made s]geant   be=e ! beg9n+ 
( next ye>8 ,i w s5d y e mon? t5        
francs to f9i% pay+ y\r debt4 ,h no     
scruples 9 accept+   !m2 x is sup]flu\s 
money :i* w\ld h s]v$ to buy   gew-gaws4
 ,y d me a favor 9 tak+ x1  z ,i %all be
 prev5t$   f becom+ a coquette4 ,:at    
%all ,i say m to y8 ,be good1 be   a    
,*ri/ian2 b ,i h already said t4 ,d n   
=get me1 b   write (t54 ,we mu/ love "o 
ano!r1 s9ce ea* ( u is all !   family ( 
! o!r4 ,f>ewell1 ,luci54     ,y\r       
affectionate si/]1     ,,madele9e4  ,i d
 n regret hav+ be5 curi\s4 ,i und]/& !  
emotion ( ,jacques4 ,i am also mov$4    

,?is lett] f a si/] to a bro!r1 s simple
 & naive1 brea!s 9 e ^w ! p]fume ( s9c]e
 piety1 & 9 ea* l9e is f\nd ! c&or ( an 
innoc5t he>t4 ,:5 ,jacques _h f9i%$     
read+ x1 he /ill l+]$ be=e ?r[+ x into !
 fire4 ,he wi%$ to read x aga94 ,he read
 x sev]al times2 !n he %ut x up 9 a     
draw]1 & put ! m$al ar\nd 8 neck4 ,he 0 
*>m$4 ,he lov$ ?is simple lett]1 & he   
lov$1 almo/ )\t kn[+ x1 ?is *ild ^:     
?\ghts _h be5 accid5tally made kn[n to  
him4 ,he guess$ :at ! si/] did n tell h]
 bro!r1 ! pawn+ ( ! cloak to complete ! 
fifty francs1 ! privations to :i* %e    
submits 9 ord] to s5d e mon? ! promis$  
t5 francs4 ,i und]/& n[1 said he1 !     
secret ( h] te>s4 ,?ree francs are want+
 = ! requir$ sum4  ,he 0 /ill m mov$ by 
h] te>s n[ t he _h ! secret ( !m4 ,a    
good ,*ri/ian girl1 ?\ght he4 ,9 8 ev5+ 
pray] %e 0 n =gott54  ,! foll[+ day1 z 8
 "m 0 tol]ably re/or$1 he return$ to !  
pr9t+ (fice4 ,z he work$ he ?\ght (     
,madele9e1 & 0 sad t he %\ld see h] no  
m4 ,x 0 a folly1 b :o has n be5 fooli%8 

,a little folly is ! poetry ( y\?4  ,"t 
pass$1 ! impression grew fa9t]1 b 0 n   
effac$4 ,x 0 l a dream we try to reta9  
on awak5+1 b ^: brilliant colors fade by
 ! light ( day4 ,mme4 ,dur& 0 fully     
re/or$1 b al?\gh occupi$ ) ! c>e ( !    
h\sehold1 %e did n g out1 & ?is expla9s 
:y on ,ea/] ,sunday ,jacques 0 alone at 
high mass 9 ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,sulpice4 ,?is 
fe/ival1 :5 ! fai?ful are unit$ 9 "o    
common joy1 disposes ! he>t to s]5e     
impressions4 ,aft] hav+ ?ank$ ,god = 8  
"m's recov]y1 he dream$ ( a new         
affection1 & begg$ ! bless$ ,virg9 to   
guide him 9 8 *oice4 ,mass be+ end$1 a  
"y girl on h] knees 9 front ( him rose  
to leave ! *ur*1 & he recogniz$         
,madele9e4 ,he left 9 8 turn1 & dur+ !  
day he ?\ght ( t sweet face1 :i* _h     
twice appe>$ to him1 z if 9 answ] to 8  
pray]4 ,x is ,madele9e :om he w m>ry1 h]
 smile %all make ! joy ( 8 ,*ri/ian     
fireside2 /ill1 h[ is he to see h] aga98
 ,he kn[s n2 ! ,bless$ ,virg91 :5 %e    
*ooses1 w br+ him back to h]4  ,9 _!    

ev5+ *ats1 :5 8 "m made plans ( m>riage 
= him1 he nev] utt]$ ,madele9e's "n4    
,aga91 on "o ( ^? mild days :i* are !   
*>m ( ! mon? ( ,april1 he 0 walk+ 9 !   
,luxemb\rg4 ,x 0 a beautiful ,sunday1 ! 
lilacs 7 9 fl[]1 & ! old g>d5 seem$     
rejuv5at$ 9 its new dress4 ,z he ?\ght (
 ,madele9e1 #gja two v]ses f ,brizeux   
recurr$ to 8 memory3    ,vi5ne ,avril1  
et jeunesse1 am\rs1 fleurs sont ecloses2
   ,dieu s\s la meme loi mit les plus   
belles *oses4  ,at ! turn ( a walk1 9 a 
fre%1 simple dress1 he saw h] once m4   
,:5 %e _h pass$ he foll[$ h]4 ,he knew n
 :y himself1 b an indescribable *>m     
attract$ & reta9$ him ne> h]4 ,he left !
 ,luxemb\rg1 w5t d[n ! ,b\lev>d ,mont   
,p>nasse1 & saw h] ent] a h\se :i* he   
recogniz$ z an asylum = "y "w-wom54  ,"o
 morn+1 z he /opp$ at ,anto9e's lodg+1  
he saw on 8 face traces ( sorr[4  ,y    
seem sad1 he said to him2 has any       
mis=tune happ5$ to y8  ,no1 repli$      
,anto9e1 b ,i am griev$4 ,a "y woman1   
beg p>don1 :o has liv$ above = two      

mon?s1 has j fall5 ill1 ( bad fev]1 !   
doctor says4 ,%e is a good girl1 ,m4    
,jacques--a good indu/ri\s girl4 ,%e has
 work$ h>d & sat up late1 :i* br\ght on 
fev]1 & :5 ,i ?9k ( x ,i am tr\bl$4  ,is
 %e alone8 ask$ ,jacques4  ,entirely    
alone2 b s gay1 ( a disposition s sweet1
 t ?\gh poorly f$ & ov]work$ %e nev]    
compla9$4 ,:5 %e pass$1 morn+ & night1  
%e _h always a pleasant ^w = old        
,anto9e4 ,y w n believe x1 b = ?ree days
 %e has n be5 d[n4 ,i h be5 z mu*       
afflict$ z if %e 7 my own *ild4  ,s     
say+1 he wip$ a te> :i* fell on 8 :ite  
mu/a*e4  ,dur+ ! day ,jacques recall$ ! 
words ( ! old man4 ,he 0 sad at ! ?\ght 
( ! poor girl1 sick )\t a fri5d ne> h]1 
= ev5 ,anto9e 0 deta9$ at ! lodge dur+ 8
 wife's abs5ce4 ,he did n "k h] 7& t 0 n
 surpris+1 z 9 ,p>is two neighbors (t5  
live /rang]s to ea* o!r7 & _h nev] se5  
h]3 he 0 tr\bl$ t %e suff]$1 & t no "o 0
 ne> h] to alleviate h] suff]+4 ,he     
resolv$ to speak to 8 "m 9 ! ev5+ ( h]  
case1 t %e might g & take c>e ( h]4 ,he 

?\ght h[ ,madele9e might fall sick1 & h 
no "o ne> h]4 ,he det]m9$ to confide to 
8 "m ! secret ( 8 love1 & to beg h] to  
see ,madele9e & obta9 h] cons5t to _!   
m>riage4  ,9 ! ev5+ he in=m$ 8 "m ( _!  
neighbor's illness1 & ! next day ,mme4  
,dur& took h] place at h] b$side4 ,x 0 a
 dang]\s illness1 b y\?1 good c>e1      
pray]1 & a nov5a to ! ,bless$ ,virg9    
triumph$1 & at ! end ( fifte5 days %e   
began to improve4 ,dur+ ?is "t ,mme4    
,dur& devot$ h]self to ?is sweet1 pati5t
 *ild4 ,:5 h] c>e 0 no long] necess>y %e
 cont9u$ to g e morn+ to h] pati5t's    
room4 ,!y work$ & talk$ toge!r4 ,mme4   
,dur& spoke ( h] son & %e ( h] "m :om %e
 _h lo/1 & ins5sibly a mutual affection 
sprang up betwe5 !m4 ,jacques li/5$ )   
int]e/ to 8 "m's praise ( ! sick *ild1 &
 0 = a mom5t di/ract$ f 8 remembrance ( 
,madele9e4 ,he _h1 moreov]1 t mode/y (  
true love :i* %rank f ! av[al ( its     
t5d]ness4 ,8 "m knew no?+ ( 8 love1 &   
t\*$ by ! sweetness & pati5ce ( ! "y    
girl :om %e _h nurs$1 hop$ %e might yet 

become h] son's wife4  ,"o ev5+ 9 ! mon?
 ( ,june he 0 walk+ ) 8 "m 9 ! g>d5s ( !
 ,luxemb\rg4 ,he rememb]$ 8 la/ meet+ ) 
,madele9e1 :i* recall$ ^! v]ses (       
,brizeux3                  ,un jeune    
homme   ,natlf du meme eudroit1         
travailleur1 econome   ,en voyant sa    
belle ame1 en voyant s\ beau corps      
,l'airnee3 les vieilles g5s fir5t lea   
deux accords4  ,he 0 ab\t to speak to 8 
"m ( ,madele9e :5 %e said to him1 ,my   
son1 y are ent]+ y\r #gjb tw5ty-six?    
ye>1 x is "t = y to m>ry1 & if y wi%1 ,i
 %\ld l to call our neighbor1 ! "y girl 
:om ,i h nurs$1 my daught]4  ,"m1 said  
,jacques1 ,i _c m>ry h]1 ,i love ano!r4 
,he !n relat$ 8 simple /ory1 & pron\nc$ 
= ! fir/ "t ,madele9e's "n4 ,mme4 ,dur& 
li/5$ mu* mov$4 ,%e und]/ood & %>$ !    
tru/+ fai? ( h] son4 ,my *ild1 said %e1 
x %all be z y desire4 ,i w g on ,sunday 
to ! ,patronage4  ,! week pass$4 ,mme4  
,dur& cont9u$ to see h] pati5t (t51 &   
%e1 ne>ly re/or$1 came sometimes to h]  
ap>tm5t at ! "t ,jacques 0 at ! pr9t+   

(fice1 = 8 "m wi%$ to prev5t a meet+ :i*
 might p]haps tr\ble an innoc5t he>t4 ,b
 on ,saturday1 hav+ return$ soon] ?an   
usual1 he f\nd ! "y girl 9 8 "m's room4 
,!y conv]s$ a mom5t1 & %e )drew4 ,9 !   
pallid face he recogniz$ ! sweet        
c\nt5ance ( ,madele9e4 ,:5 %e _h gone1  
he embrac$ 8 "m1 weep+ & smil+ at ! same
 "t4 ,x is %e1 x is my sweet ,madele9e4 
,8 "m1 return+ 8 embrace1 exclaim$1 ,%e 
%all be y\r wife & my daught]4  ,i mu/  
tell y h[1 on ,jacques' return f "w1    
,mme4 ,dur& w5t = ,madele9e1 h[ !y pass$
 _m a pleasant ev5+ 9 conv]sation or 9  
read+ a good book1 & "u _! "m's eye lov$
 ea* o!r ) a pure & e>ne/ love4  ,at !  
end ( a mon? ,mme4 ,dur& obta9$ ! cons5t
 ( ,madele9e1 b %e said no?+ to h] ( h] 
son's secret1 ( _! meet+1 ( ! lett]1 ( !
 feel+s s long *]i%$1 nor ( ! protection
 ( ,m>y1 :o _h br\ght toge!r ^! two     
,*ri/ian s\ls4 ,?is %e left = him to    
relate "o day :5 he 0 alone ) 8 betro!d4
 ,%e li/5$ mu* affect$1 & y may be      
surpris$ to le>n t %e =got to ask = !   

lo/ lett] & ! m$al ( ! ,virg94  ,mme4   
,dur& saw ! good abbe & ! si/] at !     
,patronage1 & !y approv$ ! m>riage4 ,!  
cons5t ( ! soldi] bro!r 0 ask$ & obta9$4
  ,! m>riage 0 to take place 9 a few    
days4 ,beg p>don1 says ,anto9e1 ^! two  
"y p 7 made = ea* o!r--a f9e mat*       
really4 ,y w n believe me1 b ,i love !m 
z if !y 7 my own *ildr54  ,luci5 came to
 ,p>is = ! w$d+4 ,f ! fir/ he made a    
conque/ ( ,anto9e4 ,x turn$ out t       
,anto9e too _h s]v$ 9 ! #aaj?4 ,! two   
h]oes talk$ ( _! campaigns4 ,"o relat$ !
 battle ( ,*ampaub]t1 ! o!r t (         
,solf]9o4 ,! m$al ( ,/4 ,hel5a frat]niz$
 ) ! ,italian m$al2 !y drank to !       
laurels ( ! old #aaj?1 to ! triumphs ( !
 new4 ,! vet]an & ! conscript became !  
be/ fri5ds 9 ! _w4  ,! great day arriv$4
 ,! abbe bless$ ! union & ,anto9e gave  
away ! bride4 ,he /raight5$ 8 b5t       
figure2 he put a new ribbon 9 8 m$al4   
,he 0 pr\d] ?an on ! ev5+ ( ,*ampaub]t1 
:5 ,napoleon said1 ,soldi]s ( ! #aaj?1 y
 are h]oes8 ,bro!r ,luci51 ) 8          

corporal's badge & 8 ,italian m$al1 add$
 mu* to ! brilliancy ( ! cortege4       
,mesdames ,dur& & ,anto9e put on _!     
ri*e/ dresses4 ,:at %all we say (       
,madele9e 9 h] bridal dress8 ( h] veil1 
& ! wrea? ^u h] auburn tresses8 ( !     
sweet face reflect+ ! purity ( an       
innoc5t he>t & a *a/e love8 ( ! te>s :i*
 fl[ :5 ! he>t is too full8 ( ! sacr$   
h\r :5 ?is ,*ri/ian c\ple unite 9 a     
common pray]8  ,n[ !y are m>ri$ !y d n  
seek pleasures abroad4 ,_! happ9ess is  
f\nd 9 _! daily labor1 _! ev5+          
conv]sation1 or read+2 on ,sunday1 aft] 
mass1 a walk to ! ,tuil]ies1 :ile _! "m 
at _! side smiles on _! love4 ,_! he>ts 
are drawn s ne> toge!r t #gjc !y beat 9 
unison1 !y ?9k & feel at ! same "t4 ,at 
la/ a *ild makes "o m joy 9 ?is joy\s   
h\se--"o /rong] bond betwe5 ^! unit$    
s\ls4 ,su* is _! pure affection3 a love 
:i* age c nev] )]1 a love born ( a      
pray]1 & ble/ by ,god4  ,jacques has    
reap$ ! fruit ( 8 labor2 he has paid all
 ! debts ( ! pa/1 & ease & pl5ty h      

return$ to ! h\sehold4 ,he hopes to be  
soon tak5 into p>tn]%ip ) 8 employ]4    
,!y d n wi% to leave ! old h\se 9 ! ,rue
 du ,f\r-,sa9t-,g]ma91 s fill$ ) sweet  
memories1 b !y h tak5 a l[] floor1 !y h 
a l>ge ap>tm5t1 & are almo/ ri*4 ,! poor
 h _! %>e ( _! ri*es4  ,luci51 ! soldi]1
 has entirely re=m$1 & has ris5 to !    
rank ( s]geant4 ,p]haps he may yet we>  
an (fic]'s epaulettes4  ,old ,anto9e    
gr[s old1 b 8 he>t rema9s "y2 8 figure  
is m b5t1 b he /ill /raight5s x :5 he   
speaks ( ,napoleon1 & relates to our    
fri5ds ! battle ( ,*ampaub]t4 ,he 0 !   
godfa!r ( ! little boy4 ,a f9e *ild1    
said he ,beg p>don1 we w make a g5]al ( 
him4 ,i am will+1 ,i am sure1 said      
,madele9e1 b we mu/ fir/ make him a     
,*ri/ian4  ------  ,f ,! ,london        
,review4  ,,ca?olic ,,progress ,,9      
,,london4   ,!re are few que/ions ^u :i*
 !re exi/s a great] v>iety ( op9ion1 & )
 reg>d to :i* su* contradictory /atem5ts
 are publi%$1 z ^u ! increase ( ,roman  
,ca?olicism 9 ! metropolis4 ,!re are ^? 

on "o h& :o believe t x has made no     
progress at all1 & t ! rumors (         
conv]sions1 & ev5 ^? ,roman ,ca?olic    
build+s :i* h ( late ye>s sprung up 9   
su* abundance ar\nd u1 are n to be tak5 
z pro(s ( su* an increase 9 ! numb]s (  
,roman ,ca?olics z ! latt] at lea/ seem 
to indicate4 ,o!rs believe )\t d\bt+ t !
 ,ca?olic ,*ur* is sil5tly &            
en]getically spread+ its ramifications  
ov] ! metropolis1 & t !re is h>dly a    
h\sehold ( any respectability 9 :i* its 
ag5ts1 9 "s =m or o!r1 h n contriv$ to  
get a foot+2 :ile !re are p]sons :o g s 
f> z to ass]t t _m ( ! ,prote/ant cl]gy 
!mselves are ! direct emiss>ies ( ,rome1
 do+ h] "w1 & do+ x consci\sly--nay1 do+
 x "u compact--:ile receiv+ ! pay ( !   
,national ,*ur*4 ,we believe t ! tru? w 
be f\nd to lie betwe5 ^! extreme views4 
,n only has ! ,*ur* ( ,rome ga9$ gr\nd 9
 ,london1 b x is /eadily progress+1 ev5 
at ! pres5t "t1 ?\gh by no means at su* 
a rate1 except 9 c]ta9 p>i%es1 z to     
occasion ! slighte/ dang] to !          

,prote/ant cause1 if only a mod]ate     
am\nt ( en]gy & good w is %[n by !      
,re=m$ d5om9ations 9 secur+ _! flocks )9
 _! own folds4 ,we h already /at$ our   
belief t ! fact ( a cl]gyman hold+ ,high
 or ,l[ ,*ur* views is n 9 any mann]    
:atev] necess>ily connect$ ) ! increase 
( ,ca?olicism among 8 congregation1 b t 
su* increase is ow+ ei!r to ! lack ( a  
suffici5t /aff ( ! ,prote/ant cl]gy to  
#gjd repel its advances1 or to ! apa?y  
or ineffici5cy ( ! incumb5t1 or1 z may  
be especially %[n 9 "s weal?y di/ricts1 
to t my/]i\s want ( p[] 9 ! cl]gy ( !   
,*ur* ( ,engl& ov] ! m9ds ( ! ri* &     
influ5tial ( _! p>i%ion]s4 ,& t ?is view
 is n )\t "s basis 9 fact1 w be se5 :5  
we h describ$ ! pres5t relative position
 ( ! ,ca?olic & ,anglican ,*ur*es 9 !   
weal?y1 ari/ocratic1 & popul\s p>i% (   
,k5s+ton1 compris+ z x does ! ?ree w>ds 
( ,nott+-hill1 ,k5s+ton1 & ,brompton4   
,=m]ly1 = ! accommodation ( ! :ole ( !  
,roman ,ca?olics ( ! p>i% ( ,k5s+ton1   
!re 0 b "o small *apel ne> ! ,high      

/reet1 :i* appe>$ amply suffici5t = !   
memb]s ( t cre$4 ,b t5 or twelve ye>s   
ago a ,roman ,ca?olic build] pur*as$1 at
 an enorm\s price1 a plot ( gr\nd ab\t  
?ree acres 9 ext5t beside ! *ur* ( !    
,holy ,tr9ity1 ,brompton4 ,= a "t       
consid]able my/]y prevail$ z to ! uses x
 0 to be appli$ to2 b1 %ortly aft] !    
build+s 7 comm5c$1 !y 7 discov]$ to be =
 ! future resid5ce & *ur* ( ! ,oratorian
 fa!rs1 !n e/abli%$ 9 ,k+ ,william      
/reet1 ,/r&4 ,z soon z a portion ( !    
build+ 0 f9i%$1 ! fa!rs remov$ to x f _!
 =m] dwell+2 & ! *apel1 a small &       
commodi\s erection1 0 op5$ = div9e      
s]vice4 ,at fir/ ! congregation 0 ( !   
scantie/ description2 ev5 on ,sundays at
 high mass1 small z ! *apel 01 x 0      
frequ5tly only half fill$1 :ile1 on week
 days1 at _m ( ! s]vices1 x 0 no        
uncommon circum/ance to f9d ! att5dances
 sc>cely m num]\s ?an ! numb] ( prie/s  
s]v+ at ! alt>4 ,by degrees !           
congregation increas$1 till ! *apel 0   
f\nd too small = _! accommodation1 &    

ext5sive additions 7 made to x2 b ^!1   
aga91 7 soon fill$ to ov]fl[+1 & fur!r  
alt]ations _h to be made1 till at la/ ! 
build+ 0 capable ( hold+ )\t difficulty 
f #b1jjj to #b1ejj p]sons4 ,x is n[     
frequ5tly s cr[d$ at high mass t x is   
difficult = an individual ent]+ x aft] !
 comm5cem5t ( ! s]vice to f9d ev5 /&+   
room4 ,9 ! meantime ! mona/]y itself1 if
 t is ! prop] t]m1 0 complet$--a spl5did
 appe>ance x pres5ts-- & we believe is  
n[ fully occupi$4  ,! ,roman ,ca?olic   
population 9 ! p>i%1 or mission1 "u !   
spiritual direction ( ! fa!rs ( !       
,oratory1 n[ comprises betwe5 #g1jjj &  
#h1jjj s\ls4 ,! av]age att5dance at mass
 on ,sundays is ab\t #e1jjj1 & ! av]age 
numb] ( communions = ! la/ two ye>s has 
be5 ab\t #de1jjj annually4 ,b 9 addition
 to ?is *ur*1 ,k5s+ton has ?ree o!rs1   
,/4 ,m>y's1 ,upp] ,holl& /reet1 ,/4     
,simon ,/ock1 belong+ to ! ,c>melite    
,fri>s1 & ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,francis ,assissi
 9 ,nott+ ,hill4 ,( mona/]ies1 or       
religi\s communities ( m51 x has !      

,oratorians be=e m5tion$1 & ! ,discalc$ 
,c>melites1 9 ,vic>age place4 ,( conv5ts
 ( ladies1 x has ! ,assumption 9        
,k5s+ton squ>e1 ! ,poor ,cl>es ,conv5t 9
 ,edmond t]race1 ! ,franciscan ,conv5t 9
 ,portobello road1 ! ,si/]s (           
,mis]icorde1 #aie ,brompton road1 & !   
,si/]s ( ,jesus1 #d ,holl& villas4 ,(   
s*ools1 ! ,roman ,ca?olics possess1 9 ! 
p>i% ( ,k5s+tion1 ! ,orphanage 9 !      
,fulham road1 ! ,indu/rial ,s*ool ( ,/4 
,v9c5t de ,paul1 z well z ! l>ge        
,indu/rial ,s*ools = girls 9 ! s\!rn    
w>d4 ,all ^! s*ools are v num]\sly      
att5d$1 ! gross numb] ( pupils am\nt+ to
 #a1bjj1 ^? ( ! ,oratory alone be+      
#a1jjj4 ,! k9dness & consid]ation %[n by
 ! ,roman ,ca?olic tea*]s to ! *ildr5 ( 
! poor is above all praise1 n only 9    
,k5s+ton1 b 9 all localities :]e !y are 
"u _! *>ge4  ,x might be imag9$ f ?is   
acc\nt ( ! ,roman ,ca?olic in/itutions 9
 ,k5s+ton1 t a g5]al #gje ru% _h be5    
made ^u t p>i%1 & t ! surr\nd+ di/ricts 
7 comp>atively free f ,roman ,ca?olics4 

,su*1 h[ev]1 is v f> f be+ ! case4 ,9 ! 
union ( ,fulham & ,hamm]smi? we h !     
,roman ,ca?olic *ur* ( ,/4 ,?omas (     
,cant]bury1 ! *ur* ( ! ,holy ,tr9ity1   
,brook-gre51 & ! *ur* ( ,our ,lady (    
,grace1 ,turnham-gre54 ,( mona/]ies !re 
are ! ,/4 ,m>y's ,tra9+ ,college & !    
,bro!rs ( ,m]cy1 & = ladies !re is !    
ord] ( ! ,good ,%eph]d4 ,( *>ities &    
s*ools !y h ! ,holy ,tr9ity alms-h\ses  
on ,brook-gre51 a home = ag$ females1 a 
refuge = female p5it5ts1 mo/ admirably  
manag$ & produc+ a mo/ b5eficial effect1
 an excell5t re=matory = crim9al boys1 !
 l>ge indu/rial s*ools ( ,/4 ,v9c5t de  
,paul1 & a home1 ,/4 ,joseph's1 =       
de/itute boys4 ,9 ,bays-wat] !re is !   
ca!dral ( ,/4 ,m>y's ( ! ,angels 7( :i* 
! celebrat$ ,dr4 ,mann+ is ! sup]ior7 & 
! conv5t ( ,notre ,dame de ,sion4 ,9    
,*elsea !re is ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,m>y's1     
,cadogan t]race1 a conv5t = ! ,si/]s (  
,m]cy1 ano!r = ! ,?ird ,ord] ( ,s]vites1
 z well z two well conduct$ & num]\sly  
att5d$ s*ools4  ,9 ! unit$ p>i%es ( ,/4 

,m>g>et's & ,/4 ,john's1 ,we/m9/]1 a few
 ye>s s9ce1 ! prie/s op5$ _! campaign ) 
consid]able en]gy4 ,9 addition to _!    
*ur* 9 ! ,horsf]ry road1 :i* 0 op5$ 9   
#ahac1 !y erect$ ^? ( ,/4 ,pet]'s & ,/4 
,edmond's 9 ,palace /reet1 ! sup]ior    
prie/ ( ! latt] be+ ! celebrat$ ,fa!r   
,rob]ts1 a man n only respect$ = ! en]gy
 he %[s 9 ! cause ( 8 religion1 b belov$
 by all classes = 8 philan?ropy4 ,to ^! 
"s s*ools & conv5ts 7 add$1 ! mo/       
celebrat$ ( ! latt] be+ t ( ! ,si/]s (  
,*>ity 9 ,victoria /reet4 ,at fir/ !    
prie/s seem$ to be sangu9e ( success 9 !
 p>i%2 b _! advance 0 met by m5 ( z mu* 
ability1 c\rage1 & en]gy z !mselves4    
,on ! ,surrey side ( ! wat] ! ,ca?olic  
,*ur* has ! magnific5t ca!dral d$icat$  
to ,/4 ,george1 9 ,/4 ,george's ,fields2
 ! *ur* ( ! ,mo/ ,holy ,tr9ity1 ,p>k]'s 
road1 ,dockhead1 ,b]mondsey2 ! *ur* (   
,our ,lady ( ! ,immaculate ,conception1 
,tr9ity road1 ,ro!ri!2 t ( ,our ,lady ( 
,la ,salette & ,/4 ,joseph1 ,melior     
/reet1 ,s\?w>k2 & ! *ur* ( ! ,sacr$     

,he>t ( ,jesus1 ,w9dham /reet1          
,camb]well2 beside sev]al o!rs 9        
,peckham1 ,clapham1 ,lambe?1 & !        
surr\nd+ di/ricts4 ,( communities ( m5  
!re are ! ,capu*9es at ,peckham & at    
,clapham1 ! ,r$emptori/s1 & ! ,bro!rs ( 
! ,*ri/ian ,s*ools4 ,( conv5ts !y h !   
,religi\s ( ! ,fai?ful ,virg9 at        
,norwood1 :i* also comprises an         
orphanage2 ! ord] ( ! ,si/]s ( ,m]cy 9  
,b]mondsey2 ! ord] ( ! ,si/]s ( !       
,*ri/ian ,retreat1 ,/4 ,joseph's1       
,k5n+ton2 ! ,little ,si/]s ( ! ,poor1   
,f5timan road1 ,lambe?2 beside "o or two
 o!rs ( m9or importance4 ,x %\ld also be
 rem>k$ t all ^! e/abli%m5ts1 ) "o or   
two exceptions1 h sprung up )9 ! la/ t5 
or tw5ty ye>s4 ,( ! numb]s ( !          
congregations ( ! diff]5t *ur*es x w\ld 
be difficult to =m a j idea1 b !y are   
c]ta9ly v great2 t prop]ly atta*$ to ,/4
 ,george's ca!dral alone we h be5       
assur$1 on mo/ reliable ,roman ,ca?olic 
au?ority1 am\nt+ to #ab1jjj or #ac1jjj4 
,! numb] ( *ildr5 att5d+ ! s*ools is    

d\btless proportionably great4  ,9 !    
nor?-ea/]n portion ( ! metropolis1 we   
f9d ! ,roman ,ca?olics1 al?\gh !y h     
lately built sev]al new *ur*es1 are     
fully occupi$ 9 hold+ _! own gr\nd )\t  
ex]t+ !mselves to make conv]ts4 ,& "h1  
oppos$ z we are to _! cre$ on doctr9al  
po9ts1 x w\ld be unju/ to )hold our me$ 
( praise to ! ex]tions ( ! prie/s 9     
reliev+ ! temporal mis]ies ( #gjf _!    
poor4 ,x w\ld be difficult to imag9e    
*>itable ef=ts c>ri$ on m indefatigably 
or nobly4 ,few :o h n visit$ & p]sonally
 inspect$ ! diff]5t c\rts & alleys 9 !  
neighborhood ( ,spitalfields1           
,be?nal-gre51 ,/4 ,george's-9-!-,ea/1 & 
,ratcliffe ,highway1 inhabit$ z !y are  
by ! poor ,iri%1 c h an idea ( ! abject 
pov]ty :i* reigns 9 !m1 or ! am\nt (    
pati5ce1 c\rage1 & ,*ri/ian feel+       
necess>y to relieve x4 ,yet all ?is is  
*e]fully p]=m$ by ! ,roman ,ca?olic     
prie/hood1 _! en]gies appe>+ to increase
 9 proportion z ! difficulties & dang]s 
be=e !m become great]4 ,x w\ld p]haps be

 an inju/ice to _! body 9 ?is di/rict to
 select any = notice 9 pref]5ce to !    
re/2 b we _c refra9 f mak+ special      
m5tion ( ! labors ( ! ,rev4 ,fa!r       
,kelley1 ( ,ratcliffe ,highway1 & !     
,rev4 ,fa!r ,*aura91 ( ,spitalfields1   
into ! results ( ^: ex]tions we h made  
p]sonal inve/igation4  ,9 ! nor!rn      
di/ricts ( ! metropolis1 especially 9   
,isl+ton & its surr\nd+ neighborhoods1 !
 ,roman ,ca?olics appe> to h made       
consid]able progress4 ,!y h lately built
 sev]al new *ur*es z well z h\ses =     
religi\s communities1 bo? = m5 & wom54  
,t _! progress 9 ! metropolis is n      
solely ! result ( ! ,high-,*ur*         
practices 9 ! e/abli%m5t may be presum$ 
f ! fact t1 al?\gh ! inhabitants (      
,isl+ton & its vic9ity are p>ticul>ly   
not$ = _! atta*m5t to ,l[-,*ur*         
pr9ciples1 ,ca?olicism has ga9$ m gr\nd 
!re ?an 9 localities :]e ,puseyism is   
dom9ant4 ,9 ! nor?-we/]n di/ricts x does
 n appe> to h increas$1 ?\gh ! *ur*es   
are well att5d$1 & ! congregations      

app>5tly v num]\s4 ,t ( "o ( ! l>ge/1   
,our ,lady's *ur*1 9 ,/4 ,john's ,wood1 
is #f1jjj1 & ! *ildr5 9 ! s*ools #fjj4  
,9 ! c5tral di/ricts ( ,london ,roman   
,ca?olic *ur*es are v num]\s &          
proportionately well att5d$2 ^? 9       
,moorfields1 & ^? 9 ! neighborhood (    
,cov5t ,g>d5 & ,piccadilly1 be+         
p>ticul>ly s4  ,"o ( ! mo/ effective    
means employ$ by ! ,roman ,ca?olics to  
make ! conv]sions is ! op5+ ( s*ools = !
 education ( *ildr5 ( ! poor2 nor d !y  
hesitate to admit t ^! s*ools are n only
 op5 to ! *ildr5 ( _! own p]suasion1 b  
to all :o may *oose to avail !mselves ( 
!m4 ,?is is cle> f ! spee* ( ! late     
,c>d9al ,wiseman at ! ,roman ,ca?olic   
,congress held at ,mal9es 9 ! autumn (  
#ahfc4 ,speak+ ( ! hundr$s ( ragg$      
*ildr51 sc>cely kn[+ _! p>5ts1 he _h be5
 accu/om$ to meet 9 ! diff]5t lanes &   
alleys ( ! poor] ,london localities1 he 
says3 ,we are do+ all we c to ga!r ^!   
poor little outca/s toge!r1 & to give !m
 ,*ri/ian tra9+4 ,! s*ools 9 :i* !y are 

taught1 & to :i* ,i am at pres5t allud+1
 are !mselves situat$ 9 a truly fe>ful  
spot1 ,*>les /reet1 ,drury lane4 ,we owe
 !m 9 a great measure to ! great zeal ( 
! fa!rs ( ! ,oratory4 ,_! co/ has be5 no
 less ?an ,l#ab1jjj4 ,! ,religi\s ,si/]s
 f ,t\rnay1 ) a devotion truly h]oic1 h 
und]tak5 ! c>e ( ! girls' s*ool4 ,= "s  
"t pa/ we h _h ! consolation ( see+     
increas$1 by #a1jjj a ye>1 ! numb] (    
*ildr5 att5d+ our s*ools = ! poor2 !re  
/ill rema9 #ag1jjj poor *ildr5 :o att5d 
no s*ool4  ,! ,ca?olic ,*ur* judges     
rightly t a few ye>s h5ce ! *ildr5 "u   
its c>e w n only augm5t ! numb] ( adult 
memb]s ( its fai?1 b w proportionately  
swell _! ranks 9 ! next g5]ation4 ,nor  
is ?is dang] to ! ,prote/ant cause to be
 despis$4 ,all _! s*ools are admirably  
manag$1 & ! *ildr5 9 !m are treat$ ) !  
greate/ k9dness & consid]ation4 ,we h   
visit$ sev]al1 & 9 all we rem>k$ a great
 affection & #gjg respect exi/+ 9 ! m9ds
 ( ! pupils = _! tea*]s1 ! latt] n      
consid]+ t _! duties are ov] :5 !       

classes are dismiss$1 b aft]w>d ent]+   
into _! amusem5ts & occupations ) great 
pati5ce & good humor4 ,we lately visit$ 
unexpect$ly ! s*ool allud$ to by ,c>d9al
 ,wiseman1 & al?\gh lessons 7 ov] we    
f\nd "o ( ! ma/]s 9 ! l>ge play-room    
busily employ$ 9 in/ruct+ a doz5 ( ! mo/
 ragg$ ur*9s x w\ld be possible to f9d 9
 t squalid & impov]i%$ locality 9 !     
my/]ies ( sp9n+ peg-tops4 ,su* acts (   
k9dness to *ildr5 are n =gott5 :5 !y gr[
 up1 & a bett] means ( b9d+ !m to _!    
fai? :5 adults x w\ld be impossible to  
imag9e4  ,9 ,gate /reet1 ,l9coln's      
,inn-fields1 is ano!r s*ool ( ! same    
description4 ,we h wat*$ its progress   
s9ce its e/abli%m5t1 & m>k$ ! great     
increase 9 ! numb] ( its s*ol>s4 ,x     
comm5c$ ) v few1 b mu/ n[ numb] sev]al  
hundr$s4 ,^? 9 ,drury-lane h m ?an f\r  
hundr$ *ildr51 among :om1 p]haps1 n t5  
be=e ! build+s 7 erect$ 7 receiv+ any   
in/ruction :atev]4 ,all ! ,roman        
,ca?olic *>ities appe> to be admirably  
manag$2 _! orphanages especially s4 ,^? 

( ! ,si/]s ( ,*>ity 9 ,victoria /reet1  
,we/m9/]1 & ,norwood1 consid]+ !        
comp>atively small means at ! disposal (
 _! prie/hood1 are p]fect models ( :at  
in/itutions ( ! k9d ought to be2 at !   
same "t1 x mu/ n be imag9$ t ! ,roman   
,ca?olic *>ities 9 ,london are solely ( 
a description calculat$ to obta9 conv]ts
 to _! cre$4 ,_! re=matories = fall5    
wom5 & _! ex]tions = ! relief ( ! sick  
are wor?y ( ! highe/ praise4 ,an        
hospital1 ) a *ur* atta*$1 solely =     
*ronic & incurable diseases1 has = "s "t
 be5 e/abli%$ 9 ,great ,ormond /reet1 at
 ! exp5se ( a g5tleman ( weal?4 ,!      
hospital is "u ! c>e ( ! prioress &     
si/]s ( ! ,ord] ( ,/4 ,john ( ,j]usalem1
 & we nev] saw an infirm>y ( ! k9d bett]
 manag$4 ,a l>ge /aff ( nuns nurse !    
sick2 & n only are _! numb]s great] 9   
proportion to ^? ( ! pati5ts ?an 9 any (
 our metropolitan hospitals1 b _!       
att5tion & k9dness to ^? "u _! *>ge     
might s]ve z a model to _m ( our        
,prote/ant in/itutions ( a simil> "*4   

----  #gjh   ,f ,*amb]s's ,j\rnal4  ,a  
,,vani%+ ,,race4   ,! resid5ce ( ,capta9
 ,c4 ,f4 ,hall 9 ! arctic regions1 & 8  
explorations among ! solemn & maje/ic   
wa/es surr\nd$ by ! hyp]borean seas1 h  
inve/$ ! ,esquimaux ) a degree ( int]e/ 
:i* !y _h nev] previ\sly excit$4 ,!     
savage inhabitants ( ! m beautiful &    
f]tile regions ( ! e>? h be5 obs]v$ by  
travell]s ) close & c>eful att5tion1 :i*
 leads to hopeful ef=ts = _!            
civilization4 ,z ! map ( ! _w is op5$ up
 to our compreh5sion1 new s*emes &      
prospects = ! advance ( ! human race are
 op5$ ) x2 savans1 arti/s1 mission>ies1 
m]*ants1 gird !mselves to ! conte/ ) !  
mat]ial & moral conditions ( ! peoples  
yet1 ?\gh ! _w's day has la/$ s long1 9 
_! infancy1 ^: unkn[n future may conta9 
hi/ories z brilliant z ^? ( !           
civilizations ( ! pres5t & ! pa/4 ,b !re
 is a race :o h n excit$ su* hopes1 :o h
 n giv5 rise to su* ex]tions--a race ^: 
life ( unimag9able h>d%ip gives !m a    
my/]i\s resemblance to ! phantoms (     

my?ological belief1 & places !m beyond !
 rea* ( ! sympa?ies ( civilization by   
its physical conditions1 ! amelioration 
( :i* is impossible4 ,beyond ! /]n b>ri]
 :i* nature has set 9 ! nor!rnmo/ "p (  
h] awful realm1 beh9d ! t]rible ramp>t (
 sn[ & ice1 & /orm & d>kness1 ^!        
creatures ( h] wra?1 r ?an ( h] b\nty1  
dwell4 ,to rea* _! l&1 ! travell] mu/   
leave beh9d him e famili> object1 &     
ab&on e habit or ne$ ( ord9>y life4 ,he 
mu/ bid f>ewell to gre5 trees1 to f]tile
 fields1 to ! crops :i* give food to man
 & bea/1 to ! dome/ic animals1 to e mode
 ( conveyance1 to e implem5t ( common   
use1 to food & clo?+ su* z ev5 ! poore/ 
& r\ghe/ sons ( a less t]rible clime may
 comm&2 to ! ?\s& voices ( nature1 ev5 9
 its seclud$ nooks1 ,x is a mock]y to   
speak ( ! arctic regions z ! l& ( !     
,esquimaux1 = n[h]e on ! e>? is man less
 sov]eign4 ,"h nature is inde$ gr&      
beyond conception1 b also t]rible1      
implacable1 & imp5etrable4 ,%e sets man 
aside 9 h] awful scorn2 he is a ?+ ( no 

mom5t1 a cumb]] ( ! ice-fields1 le>n+ ! 
simple lessons :]eby he supports 8      
squalid exi/5ce f ! brutes1 :i* are     
lordli] ?an he1 inasmu* z ! ice-slav]y  
is no *a9 ( s]vitude to !m2 & he$less ( 
him1 ( 8 t]rible hung] & de/itution1 ( 8
 hopeless isolation1 %e builds h]       
ice-palaces ^u ! seas1 & locks ! l& 9 h]
 glitt]+ ice-*a9s1 & fl+s h] t]rific    
bann]s ( flame wide aga9/ ! nor!rn sky2 
& s5ds h] voice abroad1 )\t a tone (    
pity 9 its vibrations1 s\nd+ ?r\gh !    
tr\bl$ dep?s ( ! wat]s & ! r5t masses ( 
! _m-t9t$ iceb]gs4 ,nature is inde$     
beautiful 9 h] nor!rn /rongholds1 b h]  
beauty %[s only its t]rible aspects1 its
 dread gr&eur4 ,! face ( ! mighty "m    
does n s(t5 into a smile = ! feebl5ess (
 h] y\nge/-born (fspr+1 b is fix$ 9 its 
awful sublimity4 ,!re is no po9t (      
contact betwe5 ?is ice-k+don & ,european
 civilization1 & m5 ( our race & tongue 
%r9k f x ) an appall$ sadness1 = has x  
n[ be5 ! tomb ( _m ( our brave & belov$8
 ,?ree c5turies ago x e>n$ t evil       

reputation1 :i*1 9 ! !n elem5t>y /ate ( 
geographical k1 & ! g5]al preval5ce (   
sup]/ition1 assum$ a weird & baleful =m4
 ,x has b increas$ #gji 9 degree1 ?\gh  
diff]+ 9 k9d1 9 our days1 & we ?9k ( !  
arctic regions z ! sepul*re ( ! belov$  
dead1 ! l& t[>d :i* ! he>t ( ,engl&     
ye>n$1 & :i* kept pitiless sil5ce ?r\gh 
long ye>s ( hope def]r$4 ,b ( its p we d
 n ?9k2 we are satisfi$ to h b a vague  
notion ( !m2 to wond]1 amid ! _m m>vels 
( t mighty problem--! di/ribution ( !   
human race--h[ human be+s ev] f\nd _!   
way to ^? dreadful fa/nesses1 m cruel 9 
_! exaction ( human suff]+ ?an ! des]t &
 ! =e/4 ,?is indiff]5ce gives way :5 we 
le>n :at mann] ( p ^! are :om we call   
,esquimaux1 a ^w :i* signifies eat]s (  
raw food1 b :o call !mselves ,innuit1 or
 ! p1 & expla9 _! own orig9 by a /ory   
:i* is a pleas+ te/imony to ! common    
possession ( self-conceit by all        
nations4 ,!y say t ! ,creator made :ite 
m5 fir/1 b 0 dissatisfi$ ) !m1 reg>d$ !m
 z wor?less unf9i%$ creatures1 &        

/raightway set ab\t mak+ ! ,innuit p1 :o
 prov$ p]fectly satisfactory4  ,capta9  
,hall liv$ among ?is /range race = two  
ye>s & a half1 & he is ab\t to return & 
prosecute 8 rese>*es 9 ,boo?ia & ,k+    
,william's ,l&4 ,?is "t1 8 object is to 
trace ! remnants ( ! ,frankl9 exp$ition1
 :i*--z he f9ds ! hi/ory ( ! few ev5ts  
:i* h ev] m>k$ ! progress ( "t 9 t      
di/ant l& h&$ d[n by oral tradition )   
extraord9>y di/9ctness--he has no d\bt (
 be+ able to d4 ,8 fir/ j\rney 0 9 se>* 
( relics ( ! ,frobi%] exp$ition1 & 0 z  
successful z x 0 d>+1 pati5t1 & p]sev]+4
 ,8 exp]i5ces 7 /range 9 all respects1 &
 9 _m mo/ revolt+2 b we owe mu* to ?is  
*e]ful1 c\rage\s1 simple-he>t$ ,am]ican 
g5tleman1 :o has reveal$ ! ,esquimaux to
 u z ,capta9 ,grant has reveal$ !       
,african tribes1 & ori5tal t\ri/s !     
dwell]s 9 ! des]ts4 ,!re is poetical    
h>mony 9 ! /]n conditions ( life among !
 ,innuits2 !re is ! impress ( sadness & 
( /]ility ^u !m all4 ,"t itself *anges  
its mean+ 9 a l& :]e    ,! sun />ts r$ly

 up   ,to %9e = half a ye>1  & dim w9try
 twilight la/s ?r\gh\t ! o!r half1 &    
hung] is ! normal /ate ( ! p4 ,!        
travell]'s r\te is to be trac$ on ! map1
 :i* is m]e guess-"w hi!rto1 up ! we/]n 
side ( ,davis's ,/rait2 & once away f   
,hol/e9borg1 ! j\rney assumes all its   
savage features4 ,! t]rible iceb]gs re> 
_! m5ac+ masses 9 ! track ( ! %ip2 ! sun
 p\rs its beams ^u !m1 & ba!s !m 9 gold5
 light2 !y appe> 9 fanta/ic %apes (     
,go?ic ca!dral1 ( battlem5t$ t[]1 ( cle>
 s+le-pi]c$ spire1 ( /rong f5c$ city1 ( 
jewel-m\nta91 ( va/ cry/al hills2 & s1 z
 ! voyag] leaves art & civilization     
beh9d1 _! mo/ supreme =ms fla% a        
mirage-l rem9isc5ce ^u him1 int5sify+ ! 
contra/ ( ! prospect1 & lur+ him to a   
frantic & futile regret4  ,a gr& &      
t]rible confusion reigns ar\nd2 ! voyag]
 %r9ks f ! ov]:elm+ sc5e1 :]e ranges (  
m\nta9s1 isl&s1 rocks1 ca/les1 huge     
=mless masses1 & gorge\s prismatic      
lights1 surr\nd t labor+ speck ^u !     
my/ic sea1 ( ^: littl5ess he is s small 

an atom2 & a /range s5se1 :i* is n fe>1 
b awe1 comes to him ) ! k t no?+ ( ?is  
sublime confusion is real1 on ! horizon 
or beyond x4 ,= all ! "t ( 8 /ay 9 !    
arctic regions he is to be surr\nd$ by  
contradictions1 by ! sublime/           
manife/ations ( nature1 by ! l[e/       
conditions ( humanity1 by gorge\s &     
maje/ic optical delusions1 & by ! h>de/ 
& mo/ grovell+ facts ( daily exi/5ce2 he
 mu/ %>e1 to _! fulle/ ext5t1 !         
rel5tless physical ne$s ( ! #gaj p1 &   
live1 if he w\ld live at all1 9 close   
contact ) !m--& yet 8 solitude mu/ be   
inw>dly pr(\nd & unapproa*able2 8       
purposes un9telligible to 8 associates2 
& _! language1 elem5t>y 9 itself1 dimly 
& scantily compreh5d$ by him ev5 9 its  
mo/ sp>+ =ms4 ,all ?is )\t any ( !      
alleviations ( life among savages 9     
s\!rn c\ntries--)\t ! w>m?1 :i*1 if     
sometimes oppressive1 is ord9>ily       
grateful--)\t ! ri* & g5ial beauties (  
nature--)\t ! res\rces ( sport )\t !    
natural fruits ( ! e>?--)\t !           

intellectual occupation ( speculat+ ^u  
developm5t1 ( asc]ta9+ capabilities1 or 
( inve/igat+ s\rces ( weal?4 ,! civiliz$
 dwell] 9 arctic regions has none ( ^!4 
,he beholds1 ) admiration s solemn z to 
be pa9ful1 ! unapproa*able dignity & h>d
 implacable /illness ( nature2 b he nev]
 dreams ( treasure to be wre/$ f ! cells
 ( ! ice-prison2 he seeks ! dead--! dead
 ( c5turies ago--! dead ( a decade s9ce1
 to be f\nd1 x may be1 incorporat$ ) _! 
froz5 re/+ place2 = ! fiat ( nature     
arre/s decay 9 ^! t]rible regions1 :]e  
dea? & life are always at close gripes )
 "o ano!r4 ,:ile ! m9d is ceaselessly   
impress$ ) sadness & solemnity1 ! body  
ass]ts its claim to sup]iority2 x w n be
 =gott5 or neglect$1 = cold encompasses 
x ) unrelax+ m5ace ( dea?1 & hung] preys
 ^u ! vitals1 ^: heat wanes rapidly 9 ! 
pitiless climate1 & :i* crave = !       
nutrim5t s h>d to procure1 s repulsive  
:5 procur$4  ,toil is ! law ( ! ice-clad
 l&--toil1 n to wre/ f ! bosom ( ! e>?  
h] *ildr5's su/5ance1 b to te> f !      

amphibi\s creatures1 f :om !y h le>n$ h[
 to %elt] !mselves f ! cold1 & ^: sk9s  
cov] !m1 ! unctu\s fle%1 :i* !y dev\r   
raw 9 enorm\s quantities4 ,! ,innuit    
are1 on ! :ole1 a g5tle p1 driv5 by !   
rel5tless ne$ & sev]ity ( _! lives into 
close & peaceful companion%ip4 ,!y h no 
k+1 no gov]nm5t1 no law1 no def9$       
religion1 no prop]ty2 !y h1 = all ^!1   
cu/om--! olde/ law2 !y are animat$ by ! 
same _s t dictat$ ! reply once made to  
"o :o sat by ,jacob's well3 ,our fa!rs  
wor%ipp$ 9 ?is m\nta91 & we wor%ip4 ,z !
 old ,innuits did1 s d _! successors4   
,!y h no bread1 no m$ic9e1 no h\sehold  
furniture2 !y are poor human waifs ^u ! 
wide :ite bosom ( ! froz5 seas2 & !y h1 
no help or res\rce b 9 ! seal1 ! walrus1
 ! :ite be>1 ! re9-de]1 & ! wond]ful    
,esquimaux dogs1 :i* are by f> ! noble/ 
liv+ creatures 9 all ^? /]ile wa/es4 ,f 
! seal !y h le>n$ to make ! igloo1 :i*  
is ! h\se ( ! ,innuit4 ,!y eat ! fle% ( 
?is animal1 & dr9k its fre% w>m blood2  
!y kill its "y1 & eag]ly swall[ ! milk (

 ! "m1 f\nd 9 ! /oma* ( ! baby seal4 ,:5
 ! sudd5 summ] comes1 & ! sn[ melts1 &  
leaves ! surface ( ! ice b>e1 !y are    
h\seless2 ! igloo melts away2 _! home is
 b ( froz5 wat]1 & sudd5ly x disappe>s4 
,!n !y h rec\rse to ! tupic1 :i* is a   
huge %eet ( sk9s hung across a          
horizontal pole1 support$ at ei!r end4  
,_! b$ is a sn[ plat=m1 /rewn ) ! moss  
:i* is ! re9-de]'s food1 & cov]$ ) sk9s4
 ,_! *oice/ da9ties are ! fat ( !       
tuktoo1 or re9-de]1 ! m>r[ procur$ by   
ma%+ ! bones ( ! legs1 & ! ?ick1 :ite1  
unctu\s l9+ ( ! :ale-hide4  ,! int]ior (
 an igloo pres5ts a picture m repulsive 
?an t ( any ,african hut or ,indian     
wigwam1 m di/ress+ to human feel+s &    
degrad+ to human pride4 ,! igloo is a   
dome-%ap$ build+1 made ( ice-blocks1 )  
an ap]ture 9 ! ro(1 & a rude doorway at 
"o side1 clos$ #gaa ) ice-blocks1 :5 !  
inmates are assembl$4 ,! sn[ plat=m :i* 
=ms ! b$ is occupi$ by ! wom5 & !       
/rang]4 ,m5 & wom5 are clad 9 sk9s1 put 
toge!r ) neatness & +5uity4 ,! dress ( !

 sexes diff]s only 9 two p>ticul>s2 t ( 
! wom5 is furni%$ ) a long tail1 dep5d+ 
f ! jacket1 & has a sort ( hood1 9 :i*  
loads & *ildr5 are c>ri$4 ,! life ( !   
infant is pres]v$ by its nak$ body be+  
kept 9 contact ) t ( ! "m4 ,"o h\sehold 
implem5t !y possess--x is a /one lamp2  
some?+ l a tr\gh1 ) a deep groove 9 x1 9
 :i* ! dri$ moss1 us$ z a wick1 floats 9
 ! seal oil1 express$ by ! tee? ( ! wom5
 f lumps ( blubb]1 :i* !y pati5tly mill 
until ! preci\s ungu5t is all procur$4  
,b ?is lamp too (t5 fails !m1 & d>kness 
& hung] take up frequ5t abode ) !       
,innuit4 ,days & nights are pass$ by !  
m51 sitt+ s+ly1 9 dea?-l /illness &     
sil5ce1 by ! hole :i* !y h f\nd1 f> "u !
 sn[1 at :i* ! seal w bl[4 ,x is /range 
& t]rible to ?9k ( ^? wat*es1 9 ! mid/ (
 ! desolation1 "u t arctic sky1 ) ! cold
 d5se fog n[ swoop+1 n[ lift+1 9 ! en=c$
 /illness1 ) fam9e gnaw+ ! wat*]1 &     
fam9e at home 9 ! igloo1 & ! *ance (    
food dep5d+ on ! sur5ess ( "o           
in/antane\s /roke1 d[n ?r\gh ! sn[1     

?r\gh ! n>r[ orifice 9 ! ice1 into !    
?roat ( ! animal ) ! sleek sk91 & !     
m\rnful human eyes1 :i* va9ly implore   
m]cy f rag+ hung]4  ,:5 ! ,innuit br+s !
 seal to ! igloo1 a cr[d invades ! n>r[ 
space1 = ! simple/ hospitality prevails1
 & ! long wat*1 ! skilful /roke1 d n    
con/itute sole own]%ip ( ! prize4 ,! sk9
 is /ripp$ (f ! huge unsightly c>cass1 &
 a horrible sc5e ensues4 ,! fle% is torn
 or cut ) ! /one knives 9 l>ge lumps1 & 
hav+ be5 fir/ lick$ by ! wom51 to remove
 any hairs or o!r adhesive matt]1 is    
di/ribut$ to ! p>ty1 & dev\r$ raw2 !    
blood is drunk1 ! bones are ma%$1 !     
entrails are gre$ily eat51 ! dogs %>+ 9 
all2 & ! blubb] is made to yield its oil
 by ! disgu/+ process already describ$4 
,"o turns sil5c$ f ! picture2 f !       
sights1 & s\nds1 & sc5ts2 f ! vision (  
d>k faces1 eag] ) glutton\s long+1 ga!r$
 r\nd ! r$1 fl>+ light2 f ! sk9-clo!d   
bodies1 reek+ ) grease & fil?1 & ! f\l  
exhalations ( ! mutilat$ animal2 f !    
lumps ( fle% torn by savage h&s1 &      

cramm$ dripp+ into di/5d$ m\?s2 f !     
/eam+ blood1 & ! human creatures :o     
raptur\sly quaff x 9 ! pres5ce ( ! :ite 
man1 :o sits among !m & fe$s ) !m1 ^:   
he>t ye>ns ) dumb compassion = !m1 :o   
has wond]ful sci5tific in/rum5ts 9 8    
pockets1 & 8 ,bible 9 8 brea/4 ,z ! seal
 tea*es ! ,innuits ! art ( h\s+         
!mselves1 s ! :ite be> tea*es !m h[ to  
kill ! walrus1 _! mo/ pl5tiful & frequ5t
 food1 :5 ! ice is drift+1 & ! unwieldy 
creatures lie ^u ! blocks close in%ore2 
!n ! be> climbs ! ov]hang+ precipice1 & 
tak+ a heavy block 9 8 deft =epaws1 he  
hurls x ) r>e skill & nicety ( aim ^u ! 
bask+ mon/] bel[4 ,s brutes tra9 m5 9 ^?
 dreadful regions1 & n m5 brutes4 ,!    
life ( ! ,innuits is full ( su*         
contradictions4 ,& _! dea?s8 ,f !       
contemplation ( ^! "o turns away        
appall$1 = !y die 9 utt] solitude4  ,:5 
,capta9 ,hall fir/ he>d ( ?is horrible  
cu/om1 he />t$ (f at once to see its    
tru?2 & hav+ remov$ ! blocks ) :i* !    
doorway _h be5 built up1 ent]$ an igloo1

 & f\nd a woman :o _h yet _m days to l+]
 ?us fa/5$ up 9 h] liv+ tomb4 ,aga91    
he>+ t a woman _h be5 ab&on$ to die1 at 
a great di/ance1 he set =?1 #gab & hav+ 
rea*$ ! spot ) imm5se difficulty &      
dang]1 he manag$ to remove ! sn[ & !    
block :i* clos$ ! hole 9 ! top ( !      
igloo1 l[]$ himself into x1 & f\nd !    
woman dead1 & froz5 z h>d z h] bi] & h] 
tomb1 ) a sweet s]5e smile ^u ! m>ble   
face4 ,s ?is is ! close ( a life ( toil 
& privation--! )drawal ( e k9dr$ face1 !
 fe>ful solitude ( ! ice-walls1 !       
t]rible arctic d>kness & sil5ce1 & !    
froz5 corpse ly+ un%r\d$1 nak$1 b5ea? ! 
froz5 sk9s1 until ! resurrection4       
,surely ! angel ( dea? is an angel (    
m]cy !re1 & does 8 err& g5tly1 be>+ away
 ! lonely1 t]rifi$ _s to ! city ( gold1 
! gates ( pe>l1 ! jasp] sea1 ! l& :]e   
!re is no d>kness1 physical or m5tal1 = 
ev]more4 ,! e>?1 always pitiless to !m1 
:i* nev] fe$s !m f h] bosom1 does n     
suff] h] dead *ildr5 ( ! ,innuit p to   
sleep _! la/ sleep 9 h] lap4 ,_! graves 

are only blocks ( ice pil$ ar\nd & above
 ! corpses1 :i* rema9 unh>m$1 unless :5 
! blocks melt1 z !y sometimes d1 & !    
wolves1 dogs1 or be>s ga9 access to !   
froz5 rema9s4 ,! ,innuits are dy+ out2  
disease is mak+ havoc among !m2         
consumption1 =m]ly unkn[n1 is ?9n+ _!   
numb]s by its sl[1 furtive1 murd]\s     
advance2 _! *ildr5 are few1 & few] /ill 
are re>$2 & ! long /ory ( awful         
desolation draws to a close4 ,:o c      
regret x8 ,:o c d aught b desire t !    
giant wa/es ( ! arctic regions %\ld be  
left to ! s\lless creatures ( ,god2 t ! 
great discord betwe5 !m & human life has
 ceas$ to tr\ble ! h>mony ( creation2 t 
! my/]y ( su* an exi/5ce is quietly laid
 at re/1 among ! ?+s :i* we "k n n[1 b  
:i* we %all "k h]eaft]8  --------       
,,miscellany4   ,,sci5ce4   ,a ,new ,k9d
 ( ,mirror4--,! ,*emical ,news /ates t  
,m4 ,dode1 a ,fr5* *emi/1 has introduc$ 
plat9um mirrors1 :i* are greatly admir$1
 & :i* pres5t ?is advantage1 t !        
reflect+ metal is deposit$ on ! out]    

surface ( ! glass1 & ?us any defect 9 ! 
latt] is conceal$4 ,! process1 :i* is   
pat5t$ 9 ,p>is1 is describ$ z foll[s3   
,*loride ( plat9um is dissolv$ 9 wat]1 &
 a c]ta9 quantity ( oil ( lav5d] is add$
 to ! solution4 ,! plat9um imm$iately   
leaves ! aque\s solution & passes to !  
oil1 :i* holds x 9 susp5sion 9 a f9ely  
divid$ /ate4 ,to ! oil s *>g$ ! au?or   
adds li?>ge & borate ( lead1 & pa9ts a  
?9 coat ( ?is mixture ov] ! surface ( ! 
glass1 :i* is !n c>ri$ to a prop]       
furnace4 ,at a r$ heat ! li?>ge & borate
 ( lead are fus$1 & cause ! adhesion ( !
 plat9um to ! s(t5$ glass4 ,! process is
 v exp$iti\s4 ,a s+le bak+1 ,m4 ,dode   
says1 w furni% #bjj metres ( glass ready
 = comm]ce4 ,x w\ld take fifte5 days1 he
 says1 to coat ! same ext5t ) m]cury by 
! ord9>y plan4    ,african              
,silkworm4--,a silkworm be=e unkn[n 9   
,europe has be5 introduc$ into ,france f
 ,s5egal1 & )\t suff]+ f *ange (        
climate4 ,x yields a ri*] silk ?an t (  
any o!r worm kn[n to naturali/s1 & its  

cocoons are twice ! ord9>y weight4 ,x is
 to be tri$ 9 ,algi]s1 & if successful  
!re1 ?is new & ri* silk may become 9 "t 
an important article ( comm]ce4         
,sci5ce 9 a ,balloon4--,mr4 ,glai%] has 
#gac giv51 9 a lecture at ! ,royal      
,in/itution1 a resume ( 8 sci5tific     
exp]im5ts 9 balloons4 ,tables record+ ! 
decl9e ( temp]ature ) elevation1 %[ t :5
 ! sky 0 cle> a m rapid decl9e took     
place ?an :5 ! sky 0 cl\dy4 ,"u a cle>  
sky1 a fall ( #a deg4 takes place )9    
#ajj feet ( ! e>?1 b at heights exce$+  
#be1jjj feet x is necess>y to pass ?r\gh
 #a1jjj feet ( v]tical height to obta9 a
 fall ( #a deg4 9 temp]ature4 ,at       
extreme elevations1 9 bo? /ates ( ! sky1
 ! air became v dry1 b z f> z 8         
exp]im5ts w5t1 0 nev] q free f wat]4 ,f 
asc5ts made be=e & aft] sunset1 ,mr4    
,glai%] concludes t ! laws :i* hold good
 by day d n hold good by night2 inde$1 x
 seem$ probable t at night1 = "s little 
di/ance1 ! temp]ature may increase )    
elevation1 in/ead ( decreas+4 ,f        

exp]im5ts made on sol> radiation ) a    
black5$ bulb !rmomet]1 & ) ,h]s*el's    
act9omet]1 x 0 inf]r$ t ! heat rays f ! 
sun pass ?r\gh space )\t loss1 & become 
effective 9 proportion to ! d5sity or ! 
am\nt ( wat] pres5t 9 ! atmosph]e ?r\gh 
:i* !y pass4 ,if ?is be s1 ! proportion 
( heat receiv$ at ,m]cury1 ,v5us1       
,jupit]1 & ,saturn may be ! same z t    
receiv$ at ! e>?1 if ! con/itu5ts ( _!  
atmosph]es be ! same z t ( ! e>?1 &     
great] if ! am\nt ( aque\s vapor be     
great]1 s t ! effective sol> heat at    
,jupit] & ,saturn may be great] ?an at  
ei!r ! inf]ior planets1 ,m]cury or      
,v5us1 not)/&+ _! f> great] di/ances f !
 sun4 ,?is conclusion is mo/ important z
 corroborat+ ,pr(essor ,tyndall's       
exp]im5ts on aque\s vapor4 ,exp]im5ts on
 ! w9d %[$ t ! velocity ( ! air at !    
e>?'s surface 0 v mu* less ?an at a high
 elevation4 ,a comp>ison ( ! temp]ature 
( ! dew po9t1 z %[n by diff]5t          
in/rum5ts1 gave results prov+ t !       
temp]atures ( ! dew po9t1 z f\nd by !   

use ( ! dry & wet bulb !rmomet]s1 &     
,daniell's hygromet]1 are wor?y ( full  
confid5ce z f> z ! exp]im5ts w5t4    ,! 
,eruption ( ,m\nt ,etna4--,at a rec5t   
meet+ ( ! ,p>is ,academy ( ,sci5ces1 an 
important lett] 0 read f ,m4 ,f\que to  
,m4 ,sa9t-,claire ,deville on ! eruption
 ( ,etna1 :i* has pres5t$ sev]al ph5om5a
 ( great sci5tific int]e/4  ,! eruption 
comm5c$ at half-pa/ t5 on ! ev5+ (      
,janu>y #ca4 ,on ! previ\s day two      
successive %ak+s ( ! e>? _h be5 notic$4 
,j be=e ! eruption began a viol5t       
e>?quake 0 felt1 ! wave travell+ to !   
nor?-ea/2 aft] ?is1 slight oscillations 
cont9u$ until ab\t #d ,a4,m4 ,l>ge      
flames n[ rose f a po9t on ! nor?-ea/   
side ( ,etna #e1ejj feet above ! sn[    
l9e1 & lava began to fl[ rapidly4 ,9 two
 or ?ree days ! lava trav]s$ a space (  
#ai1jjj feet1 ) a wid? ( f #aj1jjj to   
#ab1jjj1 & a v>iable ?ickness1 b (t5    
rea*+ to ! dep? ( #cj or #fj feet4 ,aft]
 de/roy+ = "s di/ance ev]y?+ 9 its      
passage1 ! curr5t ( lava /ruck "o ( !   

old crat]s1 & !n bifurcat$4 ,! /ream on 
! we/ side mov$ v sl[ly1 &1 becom+      
subdivid$1 x ne>ly ceas$ to move2 !     
/ream on ! ea/ side fell ov] a deep &   
precipit\s valley1 :i* x soon fill$1 be+
 !n able to cont9ue its progress1 until 
f9ally x 0 /opp$ by a lava m\nd ( a     
previ\s eruption4  ,! numb] ( ! crat]s  
is sev52 ( ^! five =m a va/ elliptical  
enclosure1 ! major axis ( :i* is direct$
 t[>d ! nor?-ea/4 ,a deep fissure1      
#a1ejj feet 9 l5g?1 op5$ f ! base ( a   
=m] crat]1 ,frum5to1 to ! ne>e/ ( !     
pres5t cones4 ,?is *asm1 ,m4 ,f\que %[s1
 0 probably =m$ by ! %ock at !          
comm5cem5t ( ! eruption4 ,?is fissure1 &
 also a depression ( ! crat] ,frum5to1  
is 9 a "r l9e ) ! major axis ( ! ellipse
 =m$ by ! crat]s4 ,! same g5]al fact has
 be5 sev]al times notic$ 9 previ\s      
eruptions4  ,! vapors att5d+ an eruption
 h be5 divid$ into ! dry1 conta9+ *iefly
 *loride ( sodium & no wat]1 ! acid1 :i*
 conta9 a l>ge am\nt ( wat]y vapor1 !   
alkal9e1 & ! c>bonic4 ,! fir/ indicates 

! maximum1 & ! la/ ! m9imum ( volcanic  
action4 ,ea* ( ^! v>ieties ( vapor1     
succe$+ 9 _! ord]1 7 notic$ at ?is      
eruption4 ,m4 ,f\que f\nd ! dry vapor ^u
 ! /ill inc&esc5t lava2 ! acid vapor 9  
^? p>ts :]e ! temp]ature 0 ov] #gad #djj
 deg42 ! alkal9e1 :]e ! temp]ature 0    
l[]1 b g5]ally ov] #ajj deg42 & f9ally1 
c>bonic acid has be5 detect$ 9 "o ( !   
adjac5t old crat]s1 :i* 0 at ! ord9>y   
temp]ature4 ,! fir/ ?ree v>ieties (     
vapor 7 ?us f\nd ^u ! same transv]se    
section ( ! lava1 less ?an #aej feet    
di/ant f ea* o!r4 ,9 all ^! vapors !    
atmosph]ic air :i* accompani$ !m 0      
depriv$ ( "p ( its oxyg51 g5]ally       
conta9+ only f #ah to #ai p] c5t41 & 9  
"s alkal9e vapors ! proportion 0 /ill   
less4  ,9 ?is eruption !re 0 a rem>kable
 abs5ce ( sulphur & its comp\nds2       
*emical te/s z well z ! s5se ( smell    
c\ld detect no trace ( !m4 ,! eruption  
inde$ 0 *>act]iz$ by ! abs5ce ( !       
comp\nds ( sulphur & ! abundance ( !    
comp\nds ( *lor9e4 ,hydro-*lorate (     

ammonia1 :i* 0 f\nd 9 abundance1 has    
g5]ally be5 reg>d$ z exclusively belong+
 to ! alkal9e vapors2 b "h x has be5    
discov]$ among ! o!r v>ieties1 :il/ !   
alkal9e vapors 7 di/+ui%$ by ! c>bonate 
r ?an by ! hydro*lorate ( ammonia4  ,at 
! pres5t "t1 ,m4 ,f\que writes1 !       
eruption is mo/ active 9 ! f\r l[e/     
crat]s2 ^! ?r[ liquid lava into ! air1 &
 emit a ne>ly colorless smoke2 ! ?ree   
sup]ior crat]s eject solidifi$ lava &   
black /ones1 at ! same "t p\r+ out a    
d5se smoke *>g$ ) aque\s vapor &        
br[n-color$ a%es4  ,! ?ree high] crat]s 
produce e two or ?ree m9utes a v l\d    
report resembl+ ! roll+ ( ?und]2 ! f\r  
l[] crat]s1 on ! contr>y1 s5d =? a rapid
 succession ( r++ s\nds1 :i* x is       
impossible to c\nt4 ,^! s\nds foll[ ea* 
o!r )\t any cessation1 & are only to be 
comp>$ to ! noise produc$ by a s]ies (  
bl[s f a hamm] fall+ on an anvil4 ,if ! 
anci5ts he>d ^! noises 9 =m] eruptions1 
x is easily conceivable h[ !y imag9$ a  
=ge to exi/ 9 ! c5tre ( ! volcano1 )    

,cyclops = ! ma/] workman4 ,! lava is   
black1 ri* 9 pyrox5e1 & /rongly attract$
 by a magnet4 ,s9ce ! comm5cem5t ( !    
eruption1 ! c5tral crat] ( ,etna has    
emitt$ :ite vapors1 :i* cont9ually cov] 
its summit4 ,sev]al good photographs ( !
 eruption h be5 tak5 by ,m4 ,b]?i]1 :o  
accompani$ ,m4 ,f\que 9 8 explorations1 
:i* 7 by no means unatt5d$ ) dang]4  ,m4
 ,sa9t-,claire ,deville !n made "s      
obs]vations on ?is pap]4 ,he expla9$ !  
almo/ entire abs5ce ( sulphur by ! fact 
t ,m4 ,f\que only exam9$ ! vapors f !   
lava4 ,^! ne>ly always conta9 *lor9e =  
_! electro-negative elem5t1 & sc>cely   
%[1 & t n until lat]1 sulphurett$ &     
c>bonic vapors4 ,aft] ! eruption (      
,vesuvius 9 #ahfa1 v light deposits (   
sulphur 7 f\nd cov]+ ! hydro*lorate (   
ammonia1 :i* %[s t ! =m] body is n abs5t
 f ! lava4 ,! exi/5ce ( hydro*lorate (  
ammonia 9 ! emanations does n necess>ily
 exclude t ( ! vapors ( hydro*loric &   
sulphuric acids4   ,magnetism (         
,iron-clad ,%ips4--,/aff-,comm&] ,evans1

 ( ! ,briti% navy1 & ,mr4 ,ar*ibald     
,smi?1 :o h devot$ !mselves = sev]al    
ye>s to inve/igations into ! "* ( !     
magnetism ( iron-built & armor-plat$    
%ips1 h embodi$ ! results ( _! /udies 9 
an int]e/+ pap] read at a rec5t meet+ ( 
! ,royal ,society4 ,x is well kn[n t    
iron %ips h be5 v difficult to navigate 
because ( ! di/urb+ effect ( ! iron ^u !
 compass1 & s]i\s accid5ts h happ5$ 9   
consequ5ce4 ,b und]writ]s1 & ! :ole     
naval pr(ession1 w be glad to he> t !   
difficulty & risk are n[ greatly less5$1
 if n entirely remov$4 ,= ! results     
e/abli%$ by ! pap] 9 "q are--,t x is no 
long] necess>y to sw+ a %ip 9 ord] to   
asc]ta9 ! compass deviation1 or error1  
see+ t x is possible to det]m9e ! v>i\s 
=ms ( error by ma!matics2 t an iron %ip 
%\ld always be built ) h] head to ! s\?2
 if built head nor?1 !re is su* a       
confus$ am\nt ( magnetism conc5trat$ 9 !
 /]n z to h a viol5t di/urb+ effect on !
 compass2 t if1 aft] build+1 a %ip is to
 be armor-plat$1 ! head1 dur+ ! fix+ ( !

 plates1 %\ld be turn$ 9 ! opposite     
direction-- t is1 to ! nor?2 & t        
especial pa9s %\ld be tak5 :ile build+  
an iron %ip to provide a #gae suitable  
place = ! /&>d-compass4 ,beside ^!      
p>ticul>s1 ! %ot & %ell /[$ 9 ! vessel1 
! iron wat]-tanks1 &1 inde$1 all ! iron 
us$ 9 h] int]ior fitt+s1 are to be tak5 
into acc\nt2 & x is satisfactory to "k t
 ! influ5ce ex]t$ on ! compass by any "o
 or all ( ^! conditions c be asc]ta9$1 &
 all[$ =1 z 9 ! o!r cases above m5tion$4
   ,gyges ,expla9$4--,! ,london ,read]  
gives ! foll[+ explanation ( a curi\s   
exp]im5t 9 optics :i* has be5 p]=m$ at  
"o ( ! ,london !atres "u ! "n ( ,eidos  
,a,eides1 & reproduc$ 9 ,new ,york "u ! 
appellation ( ,gyges4 ,x consi/s 9 caus+
 an actor or an inanimate object :i* is 
9 full view ( ! audi5ce at "o mom5t to  
disappe> in/antly1 & !n to reappe> ) !  
same rapidity4 ,! means by :i* ?is is   
accompli%$ are v simple1 & are to "s    
ext5t simil> to ^? us$ 9 exhibit+       
,pepp]'s ,gho/4 ,a %eet ( pla9 unsilv]$ 

glass is plac$ ^u ! /age1 ei!r upright  
or incl9$ at a suitable angle1 at !     
place :]e ! actor or object is to       
disappe>4 ,?is glass is n p]ceiv$ by !  
audi5ce1 & x does n int]f]e ) _! view ( 
! sc5]y1 etc41 beh9d ! plate4 ,a        
duplicate sc5e repres5t+ t "p ( ! back (
 ! /age cov]$ by ! glass is plac$ at !  
w+1 out ( sight ( ! spectators4 ,) !    
ord9>y light+ ( ! /age ! reflection (   
?is c\nt]feit sc5e 9 ! glass is too fa9t
 to be obs]v$2 b :5 a /rong light is    
?r[n ^u ! sc5e1 ! /age lights be+ l[]$  
at ! same "t1 ! image becomes visible4  
,?is duplicate sc5e be+ an exact        
fac-simile ( ! backgr\nd ( ! /age1 !    
*ange is n notic$ by ! audi5ce1 ! only  
diff]5ce be+ t !y n[ see by reflection t
 :i* !y saw a mom5t previ\sly by direct 
vision4 ,! actor1 /&+ a suffici5t       
di/ance beh9d ! glass1 is completely    
hidd5 f view1 & he is aga9 r5d]$ visible
 by turn+ d[n ! light on ! false sc5e & 
all[+ ! /age lights to pr$om9ate4 ,:5   
,eidos ,a,eides 0 be+ p]=m$ at ,h]      

,maje/y's ,!atre1 x 01 h[ev]1 possible1 
) a good op]a-glass1 to di/+ui% ! outl9e
 ( ! figure beh9d ! plate4 ,! effects   
produc$ may ( c\rse be modifi$4 ,an     
actor may be made to appe> walk+ or fly+
 9 ! air1 or danc+ on a tight-rope1 by  
eclips+ or obscur+ a rais$ plat=m on :i*
 he may be plac$4  ------  ,,new        
,,publications4   ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,engl&  
,,f ,,! ,,fall ,,( ,,wolsey ,,to ,,!    
,,dea? ,,( ,,elizabe?4 ,by ,james       
,an?ony ,fr\de1 ,m4,a41 late fell[ (    
,exet] ,college1 ,ox=d4 ,volumes ,i4 &  
,,ii4 #hvo41 pp4 #ddg & #eja4 ,new      
,york3 ,*>les ,scribn]  ,company4  ,9 ^!
 two luxuri\s volumes we h ! fir/       
in/alm5t ( an important "w ^u ! mo/     
important p]iod ( ,engli% hi/ory4 ,six  
o!r volumes are to foll[4 ,mr4 ,fr\de is
 a ?or\gh good ,prote/ant4 ,8 ma9       
purpose 9 ?is hi/ory seems to h be5 !   
glorification ( ! ,engli% re=m]s4 ,= !  
wor/ sov]eigns ( ! h\se ( ,tudor he     
displays an en?usia/ic admiration :i*1  
"o is tempt$ to believe1 is half g5u9e  

s5tim5t1 & half love ( p>adox4          
,ca?olics1 ( c\rse1 he c\ld n h expect$ 
to satisfy2 b he has gone too f> to     
please ev5 ! memb]s ( 8 own ,*ur*4 ,(   
,h5ry ,,viii41 ^: apologi/ he has       
appropriately be5 call$1 he draws a     
flatt]+ portrait3  ,if ,h5ry ,,viii41 he
 says1 _h di$ previ\s to ! fir/         
agitation ( ! divorce1 8 loss w\ld h be5
 deplor$ z "o ( ! heavie/ mis=tunes :i* 
_h ev] befall5 ! c\ntry2 & he w\ld h    
left a "n :i* w\ld h tak5 its place 9   
hi/ory by ! side ( t ( ! ,black #gaf    
,pr9ce or ( ! conqu]or ( ,ag9c\rt4 ,left
 at ! mo/ try+ age1 ) 8 "* un=m$1 ) !   
means at 8 disposal ( gratify+ e        
incl9ation1 & m>ri$ by 8 m9i/]s :5 a boy
 to an unattractive woman f> 8 s5ior1 he
 _h liv$ = ?irty-six ye>s almo/ )\t     
blame1 & bore ?r\gh ,engl& ! reputation 
( an upright & virtu\s k+4 ,nature _h   
be5 prodigal to him ( h] r>e/ gifts4 ,9 
p]son he is said to h resembl$ 8        
gr&fa!r1 ,edw>d ,,iv41 :o 0 ! h&some/   
man 9 ,europe4 ,8 =m & be>+ 7 pr9cely2 &

 amid/ ! easy fre$om ( 8 address1 8     
mann] rema9$ maje/ic4 ,no knight 9      
,engl& c\ld mat* him 9 ! t\rnam5t except
 ! ,duke ( ,suffolk2 he drew ) ease z   
/rong a b[ z 0 borne by any yeoman ( 8  
gu>d2 & ^! p[]s 7 su/a9$ 9 unfail+ vigor
 by a temp]ate habit & by con/ant       
ex]cise4 ,8 /ate pap]s & lett]s lose    
no?+ by comp>ison ) ^? ( ,wolsey &      
,cromwell4 ,he 0 an accompli%$ musician2
 he wrote & spoke 9 f\r languages2 he 0 
"o ( ! be/ physicians ( 8 age1 an       
eng9e]1 & a !ologian4 ,he 0 'att5tive1' 
z x is call$1 'to 8 religi\s duties1'   
be+ pres5t at ! s]vices 9 ! *apel two or
 ?ree times a day ) unfail+ regul>ity1 &
 %[+ to outw>d appe>ance a real s5se (  
religi\s obligation 9 ! en]gy & purity (
 8 life4 ,9 private he 0 good-humor$ &  
good-natur$4 ,b l all pr9ces ( !        
,plantageuet blood1 he 0 a p]son ( a mo/
 int5se & imp]i\s w4 ,8 impulses1 9     
g5]al nobly direct$1 _h nev] kn[n       
contradiction2 & late 9 life1 :5 8 "* 0 
=m$1 he 0 =c$ into collision )          

difficulties ) :i* ! exp]i5ce (         
discipl9e _h n fitt$ him to cont5d4 ,he 
_h capacity1 if 8 tra9+ _h be5 equal to 
x1 to be "o ( ! greate/ ( m54 ,) all 8  
faults ab\t him he 0 p]haps ! greate/ ( 
8 contempor>ies4  ,mr4 ,fr\de does n    
believe t ! k+'s scruples respect+ !    
validity ( 8 m>riage ) ,ca?>9e ( ,aragon
 7 inspir$ by 8 affection = ,anne       
,boleyn4 ,!y _h aris5 to _! wor/        
dim5sions be=e he _h ev] se5 ,anne      
,boleyn4 ,b ,mr4 ,fr\de's n>rative ( !  
k+'s e>ly int]c\rse ) ,anne is extremely
 unsatisfactory1 n to say dis+5u\s4 ,h[ 
long ,h5ry may h *]i%$ 8 scruples 9     
secret1 our au?or af=ds u no means (    
guess+2 b ! e>lie/ intimation :i* he    
f9ds ( an int5d$ divorce 0 9 ,june1     
#aebg4 ,x 0 9 #aebe1 he says1 t ,anne   
came back f ,france & appe>$ at !       
,engli% c\rt4 ,?is is an error1 & is    
inconsi/5t ) o!r /atem5ts 9 ! same      
*apt]2 ! date 0 #aebb2 & almo/          
imm$iately aft]w>d ! k+ began to pay    
,anne m>k$ att5tion4 ,h] celebrat$      

love-passage ) ,"l ,p]cy took place 9   
#aebc4 ,mr4 ,fr\de speaks ( x z foll[s3 
,"l ,p]cy1 elde/ son ( ,"l ,nor?umb]l&1 
z we all "k1 0 said to h be5 engag$ to  
h]4 ,he 0 9 ! h\sehold ( ,c>d9al        
,wolsey2 & ,cav5di%1 :o 0 ) him !re1    
tells a long romantic /ory ( ! affair1  
:i*1 if 8 acc\nt be true1 0 ultimately  
int]rupt$ by ,"l ,nor?umb]l& himself4   
,n[ :at w be ?\ght ( our au?or's hone/y 
:5 we say t ,cav5di% repeats aga9 & aga9
 t ! mat* 0 brok5 (f by comm& ( ! k+8   
,"l ,nor?umb]l& did n appe> 9 ! matt] at
 all until ,wolsey1 by 8 maje/y's ord]s1
 _h remon/rat$ ) ! "y nobleman1 &       
?reat5$ him ) dire consequ5ces if he    
%\ld p]si/ 9 a pursuit :i* 0 displeas+  
to 8 sov]eign4 ,mr4 ,fr\de c>efully     
suppresses all allusion to int]c\rse    
betwe5 ! k+ & 8 fair favorite1 until !  
project ( ! divorce 0 well advanc$1--n  
discuss+ or discr$it+ ! /atem5ts ( o!r  
hi/orians respect+ ,h5ry's e>ly passion 
= ,anne ,boleyn2 b simply putt+ !m beh9d
 8 back1 z matt]s ( :i* x did n suit 8  

purpose to take notice4 ,?is fa%ion (   
writ+ may d = romance1 b n = hi/ory4  ,9
 dem&+ a divorce f 8 fir/ que51 ,h5ry   
has1 z we might suppose1 ,mr4 ,fr\de's  
full approval3  ,x may be admitt$1 or x 
ought to be admitt$1 t if ,h5ry ,,viii4 
_h be5 cont5t$ to re/ 8 dem& = a divorce
 m]ely on ! int]e/s ( ! k+dom2 if he _h 
=borne1 :ile 8 reque/ 0 p5d+1 to affront
 ! pr9cess :o _h = _m ye>s be5 8        
companion & 8 que52 if he _h %[n h] t   
respect :i* h] #gag high "* gave h] a "r
 to dem&1 & :i* h] situation z a /rang] 
ought to h made x impossible to him to  
refuse1 8 conduct w\ld h be5 liable to  
no imputation1 & our sympa?ies w\ld )\t 
res]ve h be5 on 8 side4 4 4 4 4 ,8 k+dom
 dem&$ ! security ( a /able succession2 
8 consci5ce1 x may n be d\bt$1 0 s]i\sly
 agitat$ by ! loss ( 8 *ildr52 & look+  
^u x z ! s5t5ce ( heav5 ^u a connection 
! legality ( :i* _h f ! fir/ be5        
viol5tly disput$1 he believ$ t he _h be5
 liv+ 9 ince/ & t 8 mis=tunes 7 !       
consequ5ce ( x4 ,"u ^! circum/ances he  

_h a full "r to apply = a divorce4  ,)  
all its faults1 ,mr4 ,fr\de's book tells
 _m :olesome tru?s 9 a v =cible mann]4  
,"h is an admission :i* f su* an        
out-&-out ,prote/ant we %\ld h>dly h    
look$ =2 he is speak+ ( religi\s        
p]secution3  ,we ?9k bitt]ly ( ^! ?+s1 &
 yet we are b qu>rell+ ) :at is         
inevitable f ! con/itution ( ! _w4 4 4 4
 ,! value ( a doctr9e _c be det]m9$ on  
its own app>5t m]its by m5 ^: habits (  
m9d are settl$ 9 o!r =ms2 :ile m5 (     
exp]i5ce "k well t out ( ! ?\s&s (      
!ories :i* rise 9 ! f]tile soil bel[ !m1
 x is b "o "h & !re :i* gr[s to         
maturity2 & ! prec>i\s *ances ( possible
 vitality1 :]e ! opposite probabilities 
are s enorm\s1 oblige !m to disc\rage & 
repress op9ions :i* ?reat5 to di/urb    
e/abli%$ ord]1 or :i*1 by ! rules (     
exi/+ beliefs1 imp]il ! s\ls ( ^? :o    
ent]ta9 !m4 ,p]secution has ceas$ among 
ourselves1 because we d n any m believe 
t want ( !oretic or?odoxy 9 matt]s (    
fai? is necess>ily fraught ) ! trem5d\s 

consequ5ces :i* once 7 suppos$ to be    
atta*$ to x4 ,if1 h[ev]1 a s*ool ( ,?ugs
 7 to rise among u1 mak+ murd] a        
religi\s s]vice2 if !y ga9$ proselytes1 
& ! proselytes put _! tea*+ 9 execution1
 we %\ld spe$ily beg9 aga9 to p]secute  
op9ion4 ,:at tea*]s ( ,?uggism w\ld     
appe> to ourselves1 ! tea*]s ( h]esy    
actually appe>$ to ,sir ,?omas ,m1 only 
be+ z mu* m hateful z ! et]nal dea? ( ! 
s\l is m t]rible ?an ! s+le & mom5t>y   
sep>ation ( x f ! body4 ,!re is1 ,i ?9k1
 no j gr\nd on :i* to condemn           
consci5ti\s ,ca?olics on ! score (      
p]secution1 except only ?is3 t z we are 
n[ conv9c$ ( ! inju/ice ( ! p]secut+    
laws1 s among ^? :o believ$ !m to be j1 
!re 7 "s :o 7 l$ by an in/9ctive prote/ 
( human feel+ to be l5i5t 9 ! execution 
( ^? laws2 :ile o!rs ( h>d] nature & m  
n>r[ sympa?ies en=c$ !m )\t reluctance1 
& ev5 ) exultation4  ,! foll[+ extract f
 an acc\nt ( ! feel+s ( ! mass ( !      
,engli% p dur+ ! e>ly /ages ( ! divorce 
affair1 mu/ be r unpalatable to !       

,high-,*ur* ,episcopalians3  ,!y        
believ$--& ,wolsey 01 p]haps1 ! only    
lead+ memb] ( ! privy c\ncil1 except    
,ar*bi%op ,w>ham1 :o 0 n "u ! same      
delusion--t x 0 possible = a national   
*ur* to sep>ate itself f ! unity (      
,*ri/5dom1 & at ! same "t to cru% or    
prev5t innovation ( doctr9e2 t fai? 9 ! 
sacram5tal sy/em c\ld /ill be ma9ta9$1  
?\gh ! prie/hood by :om ^? my/]ies 7    
disp5s$ %\ld m9i/] 9 gold5 *a9s4 ,?is 0 
! ,engli% hi/orical !ory h&$ d[n f      
,william ,rufus1 ! second ,h5ry1 & !    
,edw>ds2 yet x 0 & is a m]e phantasm1 a 
?+ ( words & pap] fictions1 z ,wolsey   
saw x to be4 ,wolsey knew well t an     
ecclesia/ical revolt impli$1 z a        
c]ta9ty1 innovation ( doctr9e2 t pla9 m5
 c\ld n & w\ld n cont9ue to rev]5ce !   
(fice ( ! prie/hood1 :5 ! prie/s 7      
treat$ z ! paid (ficials ( an e>?ly     
au?ority high] ?an _! own4 ,he 0 n to be
 blam$ if he took ! p at _! ^w2 if he   
believ$ t1 9 _! doctr9al cons]vatism1 !y
 knew & meant :at !y 7 say+2 & !        

reaction :i* took place "u ,que5 ,m>y1  
:5 ! ,anglican sy/em _h be5 tri$ &      
fail$1 & ! alt]native 0 se5 to be       
absolute union ) ,rome1 or a =feiture ( 
,ca?olic or?odoxy1 proves aft] all t he 
0 wis] ?an 9 ! imm$iate ev5t he seem$ to
 be2 t if 8 policy _h succe$$1 & if1    
#gah /r5g!n$ by success1 he _h introduc$
 into ! ,*ur* ^? re=ms :i* he _h promis$
 & desir$1 he w\ld h satisfi$ !         
sub/antial wi%es ( ! majority ( !       
nation4  ,f an introductory *apt] on !  
social condition ( ,engl& 9 ! e>ly "p ( 
! sixte5? c5tury1 we extract ! foll[+   
graphic passage1 z an example ( ,mr4    
,fr\de's fasc9at+ /yle4 ,d\btless mo/ ( 
our read]s w agree ) u 9 wi%+ t s       
graceful a p5 _h be5 m wor?ily employ$3 
,! habits ( all classes 7 op51 free1 &  
lib]al4 ,!re are   two expressions1     
correspond+ "o to ! o!r1 :i* we         
frequ5tly   meet ) 9 old writ+s1 & :i*  
are us$ z a k9d ( index1   m>k+ :e!r !  
condition ( ?+s 0 or 0 n :at x ought    
to be4 ,we read ( 'm]ry ,engl&'2--:5    

,engl& 0 n m]ry1   ?+s 7 n go+ well ) x4
 ,we he> ( ! 'glory (   hospitality1'   
,engl&'s pre-em95t boa/1--by ! rules (  
:i* all   tables1 f ! table ( !         
tw5ty-%ill+ freehold] to !   table 9 !  
b>on's hall & abbey refectory1 7 op5 at 
!   d9n] h\r to all com]s1 )\t /9t or   
res]ve1 or "q   ask$3 to e man1 accord+ 
to 8 degree1 :o *ose to ask =   x1 !re 0
 free f>e & free lodg+2 bread1 beef1 &  
be] =   8 d9n]2 = 8 lodg+1 p]haps1 only 
a mat ( ru%es 9 a   sp>e corn] ( ! hall1
 ) a billet ( wood = a pill[1 b   freely
 (f]$ & freely tak51 ! gue/ probably f>+
 mu* z   8 ho/ f>$1 nei!r worse nor     
bett]4 ,!re 0 little fe> (   an abuse ( 
su* lic5ce1 = suspici\s *>act]s _h no   
leave to   w&] at pleasure2 & = any man 
f\nd at l>ge1 & unable to   give a      
suffici5t acc\nt ( himself1 !re 7 !     
ev]-ready   p>i% /ocks or t[n gaol4 ,!  
'glory ( hospitality' la/$ f>   d[n into
 ,elizabe?'s "t2 & !n1 z ,camd5 says1   
'came 9 great   brav]y ( build+1 to !   
great beautify+ ( ! realm1 b to   !     

decay' ( :at he valu$ m4    ,9 su* frank
 /yle ! p liv$1 hat+ ?ree ?+s ) all   _!
 he>ts3 idl5ess1 want1 & c[>dice2 & = ! 
re/1   c>ry+ _! he>ts high1 & hav+ _!   
h&s full4 ,! h\r (   ris+1 w9t] & summ]1
 0 f\r o'clock1 ) breakfa/ at five1     
aft] :i* ! labor]s w5t to "w1 & !       
g5tlem5 to   bus9ess1 ( :i* !y _h no    
little4 ,9 ! c\ntry e unkn[n   face 0   
*all5g$ & exam9$1--if ! acc\nt giv5 0   
insuffici5t1 he 0 br\ght be=e ! ju/ice2 
if ! village   %opkeep] sold bad w>es1  
if ! village cobbl] made 'unhone/'      
%oes1 if s]vants & ma/]s qu>rell$1 all 0
 to be look$ to   by ! ju/ice2 !re 0 no 
fe> le/ "t %\ld hang heavy )   him4 ,at 
twelve he d9$2 aft] d9n] he w5t hunt+1  
or to 8   f>m1 or to d :at be pleas$4 ,x
 0 a life unref9$1 p]haps1   b color$ ) 
a broad1 rosy ,engli% heal?4   ,,!      
,,am]ican ,,annual ,,cyclop$ia ,,&      
,,regi/] ,,( ,,important ,,ev5ts ,,( ,,!
 ,,ye> #ahfd4 #hvo41 pp4 #hch4 ,new     
,york3 ,d4 ,appleton  ,company4  ,!     
,annual ,cyclop$ia gr[s m & m valuable &

 int]e/+ e ye>4 ,! pres5t volume is a   
great improvem5t ^u all t h gone be=e x4
 ,! c\rse ( ev5ts has be5 unusually v>i$
 & />tl+1 & ! topics sugge/$ by x appe> 
to h be5 = ! mo/ "p select$ ) good      
judgm5t & treat$ by compet5t writ]s4 ,we
 h "u ! head ( ,army ,op]ations an      
admirable hi/ory ( ,%]man's great m>* & 
( ,grant's campaign 9 ! wild]ness1 bo?  
illu/rat$ ) maps4 ,! article on ! ,army 
( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ab\nds 9 in=mation    
respect+ ! numb] ( troops1 organization1
 supplies1 dep>tm5t & corps comm&]s1    
etc41 su* z ev]ybody wants to h1 b      
nobody kn[s :]e to look =4 ,"u ! titles 
( ,conf$]ate & ,unit$ ,/ates ,congress  
we h a complete political hi/ory ( our  
c\ntry dur+ ! la/ ye>1 :ile ! condition 
& progress ( ! sev]al =eign /ates are   
treat$ 9 _! prop] places4 ,a great deal 
( int]e/+ matt] is giv5 9 ! articles on 
! ,anglican & ,greek ,*ur*es1 ,comm]ce &
 ,comm]cial ,int]c\rse1 ,diplomatic     
,correspond5ce & ,=eign ,relations1     
,f9ances ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,fre$m51    

,fre$om ( ! ,press1 ,geographical       
,explorations & ,discov]ies1 ,lit]ature 
& ,lit]>y ,progress1 ,milit>y ,surg]y & 
,m$ic9e 7pr(usely illu/rat$71 ,navy1    
,ordnance1 ,petroleum1 etc41 etc4 #gai  
,"u ! head ( ,public ,docum5ts is ! mo/ 
correct translation ( ! ,pope's         
,encyclical & syllabus ( errors condemn$
 t has yet appe>$ 9 ?is c\ntry4         
,biographical sket*es are also giv5 ( ! 
mo/ di/+ui%$ m5 :o di$ dur+ ! c\rse ( ! 
ye>4   ,,songs ,,= ,,all ,,seasons4 ,by 
,alfr$ ,t5nyson4 ,) illu/rations by ,d4 
,maclise1 ,t4 ,creswick1 ,s4 ,eyt+e1 ,c4
 ,a4 ,b>ry1 ,h4 ,f5n1 & ,g4 ,p]k9s4     
#afmo41 pp4 #hd4 ,bo/on3 ,ticknor       
,fields4   ,,h\sehold ,,poems4 ,by ,h5ry
 ,w4 ,longfell[4 ,) illu/rations by     
,john ,gilb]t1 ,birket ,fo/]1 & ,john   
,absolon4 #afmo41 pp4 #if4 ,bo/on3      
,ticknor  ,fields4  ,! s]ies (          
,companion ,poets = ! ,p1 ( :i* ^! two  
volumes are ! fir/ issues1 des]ves      
special comm5dation z an example ( ! way
 9 :i* *eapness & elegance may be       

comb9$4 ,= half a doll> ,messrs4        
,ticknor  ,fields (f] u a neat little   
book1 pr9t$ 9 ! be/ /yle ( typography1  
on ri* t9t$ pap]1 ) a clean broad m>g91 
& "s twelve or fifte5 wood-cuts by      
reputable arti/s4 ,! selections appe> to
 h be5 made ) good judgm5t1 & include "s
 late pieces ( bo? ,t5nyson & ,longfell[
 :i* are n to be f\nd 9 previ\s editions
 ( _! works4   ,,! ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,!     
,,prote/ant ,,re=mation ,,9 ,,g]many ,,&
 ,,switz]l&1 ,,& ,,9 ,,engl&1 ,,irel&1  
,,scotl&1 ,,! ,,ne!rl&s1 ,,france1 ,,&  
,,nor!rn ,,europe4 ,,9 ,a ,,s]ies ,,(   
,,essays1 ,,review+ ,d',,aubigne1       
,,m5zel1 ,,hallam1 ,,bi%op ,,%ort1      
,,prescott1 ,,ranke1 ,,fryxell1 ,,&     
,,o!rs4 ,by ,m4,j4 ,spald+1 ,d4,d41     
,ar*bi%op ,baltimore4 ,f\r? revis$      
edition1 ,two volumes 9 "o4 #hvo41 pp4  
#did & #eji4 ,baltimore3 ,john ,murphy  
,company4  ,we welcome ?is new & improv$
 edition ( ! be/ antidote t has yet be5 
prep>$ = ,engli% read]s to ! common     
misrepres5tations ( ,prote/ant hi/orians

 ( ! re=mation4 ,ar*bi%op ,spald+'s book
 has be5 s long be=e ! public1 & has be5
 receiv$ ) su* g5]al favor1 t x w\ld be 
sup]flu\s at ?is late day to ent] ^u a  
g5]al exam9ation ( its m]its4 ,x w prove
 a valuable guide to ! /ud5t ( ,engli% &
 cont95tal hi/ory2 he w f9d "h ! *ief   
po9ts made aga9/ ! ,*ur*1 by ! long li/ 
( writ]s nam$ 9 ! title-page1 tak5 up & 
answ]$ by a prelate ( high reputation = 
s\nd & ?or\gh s*ol>%ip4 ,dr4 ,spald+ (  
c\rse does n d5y t !re 7 abuses 9 ! #af?
 c5tury :i* ought to h be5 aboli%$2 b he
 cont5ds t ! gravity & ext5t ( ^!       
disord]s h be5 greatly exagg]at$2 t !y  
g5]ally orig9at$ 9 ! _w & its pr9ces1 n 
9 ! ,*ur*2 mo/ ( !m be+ due to ! fact t 
bad m5 7 ?ru/ into high ecclesia/ical   
places by worldly-m9d$ & av>ici\s       
sov]eigns2 t !re 0 a lawful & efficaci\s
 rem$y = all su* evils1 :i* consi/$ 9   
giv+ to ! popes _! due p[] & influ5ce 9 
! nom9ation ( bi%ops & 9 ! delib]ations 
( g5]al c\ncils2 9 a ^w1 t re=mation )9 
! ,*ur*1 & n revolution outside ( x1 0 !

 only prop]1 lawful1 & efficaci\s rem$y 
= exi/+ evils2 & f9ally1 t ! fact (     
,*ri/ians hav+ at l5g? felt prep>$ to   
resort to ! desp]ate & totally wrong    
rem$y ( revolution 0 ow+ to a tra9 (    
circum/ances :i* _h caus$ fai? to wane &
 gr[ cold1 & :i* n[ appeal$ m to !      
passions ?an to reason1 m to human      
consid]ations ?an to ! pr9ciples ( div9e
 fai? & ! int]e/s ( et]nity4   ,,! ,,ye>
 ,,( ,,m>y2 ,,or1 ,,! ,,true ,,s]vant   
,,( ,,! ,,bless$ ,,virg94 ,translat$ f !
 ,fr5* ( ,rev4 ,m4 d',arville1 ,apo/olic
 ,pro?onot>y4 ,edit$1 & 9 "p translat$1 
by ,mrs4 ,j4 ,sadli]4 #abmo4            
,philadelphia3 ,pet] ,f4 ,cunn+ham4     
,?is is a "w int5d$ = ! use ei!r (      
private p]sons or ( confrat]nities1     
sodalities1 & simil> associations =m$ 9 
honor ( ! ,bless$ ,virg94 ,! matt] is   
di/ribut$ into ex]cises1 ! numb] ( :i*  
is fix$ at sev5ty-two1 because our ,lady
 is suppos$ to h liv$ sev5ty-two ye>s on
 e>?4 ,"o ex]cise is appropriat$ to ea* 
( ! ,sundays & pr9cipal fe/ivals ( !    

ye>4  #gbj  ,! rev]5d au?or writes )    
simplicity & unction1 & has giv5 u a    
really dev\t book4 ,! translation seems 
to be v well done4   ,,c]emonial1 ,,=   
,,! ,,use ,,( ,,! ,,ca?olic ,,*ur*es ,,9
 ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,( ,,am]ica4      
,publi%$ by ord] ( ! ,fir/ ,c\ncil (    
,baltimore1 ) ! approbation ( ! ,holy   
,see4 ,?ird edition1 c>efully revis$ &  
consid]ably enl>g$4 ,) illu/rations4    
#abmo41 pp4 #ecd4 ,baltimore3 ,kelly    
,piet4  ,?is book is almo/ indisp5sable 
to cl]gym51 & v conv5i5t = laym5 :o wi% 
to und]/& ! beautiful c]emonies :i* !   
,*ur* has appo9t$ = ! v>i\s fe/ivals &  
s]vices ( ! ecclesia/ical ye>4 ,x 0     
orig9ally compil$ by ,bi%op ,rosati1 (  
,/4 ,l\is1 & =mally adopt$ by ! c\ncil (
 ,baltimore 9 #aheb4 ,! ext5sive        
additions :i* are n[ publi%$ ) x 7 made 
by direction ( ! late ,ar*bi%op ,k5rick1
 ( ,baltimore4 ,!y consi/ ( ! c]emonies 
( l[ mass1 l[ mass = ! dead1 & ! mann] (
 giv+ holy communion )9 ! mass or at o!r
 times2 in/ructions = ! prie/ :o is     

oblig$ to say two masses1 f ! decrees ( 
! sacr$ congregation ( rites1 approv$ "u
 ! pres5t pope2 ! mann] ( s++ mass )\t  
deacon & sub-deacon1 & ! vesp]s )\t     
cope-be>]s1 9 accordance ) approv$      
usages ( ! be/-regulat$ *ur*es 9 ,italy2
 ! mode ( giv+ b5$iction ) ! bless$     
sacram5t1 9 :i* ! c]emonial ( bi%ops & !
 v>i\s decrees ( ! sacr$ congregation ( 
rites are /rictly foll[$2 ,gregorian    
notes to guide ! celebrant & sacr$      
m9i/]s 9 s++ ! pray]s1 gospel1 epi/le1  
confiteor1 etc4  ,! illu/rations1 int5d$
 to %[ ! prop] =m ( v>i\s *ur* ut5sils1 
*ur* furniture1 etc41 con/itute a       
valuable feature ( ! book4              
,,m$itations ,,& ,,consid]ations ,,= ,a 
,,retreat ,,( ,,"o ,,day ,,9 ,,ea*      
,,mon?4 ,compil$ f ! writ+s ( ,fa!rs ( !
 ,society ( ,jesus1 by a ,religi\s4     
,publi%$ ) ! approbation ( ! ,mo/ ,rev4 
,ar*bi%op ( ,baltimore4 #ahmo41 pp4     
viii41 #aed4 ,baltimore3 ,kelly  ,piet4 
,?is little book is design$ = ! use n   
only ( religi\s communities1 b ( p]sons 

9 ! _w :o may feel dispos$ to devote a  
day n[ & !n exclusively to ! affairs (  
_! s\ls4 ,! ex]cises consi/ ( ?ree      
m$itations & a consid]ation1 = ea* mon? 
9 ! ye>1 arrang$ aft] ! mann] ( !       
ex]cises ( ,/4 ,ignatius4   ,,/reet     
,,ballads1 ,,popul> ,,poetry1 ,,&       
,,h\sehold ,,songs ,,( ,,irel&4 #afmo41 
pp4 #cab4 ,bo/on3 ,patrick ,donahoe4  ,!
 poems conta9$ 9 ?is little volume are  
by a great numb] ( au?ors1 & ( c\rse ( v
 diff]5t degrees ( m]it4 ,mo/ ( !m are (
 a patriotic nature2 a good _m are      
amatory2 & two or ?ree seem to h no     
bus9ess 9 ! collection at all4 ,=       
example1 ,lieut-,colonel ,halp9e's      
,april #bj1 #ahfd1 is a poem ( !        
,am]ican rebellion4 ,mr4 ,john ,savage's
 ,at ,niag>a is c]ta9ly nei!r a /reet   
ballad nor a h\sehold song1 nor is x "p 
( ! popul> poetry ( ,irel& any m ?an (  
our own c\ntry4 ,we d>e say1 h[ev]1 t   
nobody w feel dispos$ to qu>rel ) !     
editor = includ+ ^! spirit$ pieces1 z   
well z o!rs we might m5tion1 :i* d n    

prop]ly belong "u ! categories m5tion$ 9
 ! title-page4  ,among ! be/ kn[n writ]s
 ^: names appe> 9 ! table ( cont5ts are 
,william ,all+ha91 ,aubrey ,de ,v]e1    
,samuel ,f]gusson1 ,lady ,wilde1 ,g]ald 
,griff91 & ,cl>5ce ,mangan4   ,,! ,,mon?
 ,,( ,,m>y1 ,,= ,,! ,,use ,,(           
,,ecclesia/ics4 ,translat$ f ! ,fr5*4   
#cbmo41 pp4 #bjg4 ,baltimore3 ,john     
,murphy  ,company4  ,?is little manual  
is int5d$ exclusively = ecclesia/ics1   
especially /ud5ts 9 !ological sem9>ies4 
,x sets =?1 = ea* day ( ! mon?1 "s trait
 ( ! life ( ! ,bless$ ,virg91 fir/ z an 
object ( v5]ation & love1 secondly1 z a 
model ( "s virtue ( ! cl]ical /ate1 &   
f9ally1 z a motive ( confid5ce4 ,x is   
brief1 sugge/ive1 & practical4   ,! ,man
 )\t a ,c\ntry 7,bo/on3 ,ticknor        
,fields7 is a repr9t 9 pamphlet =m ( a  
rem>kable n>rative :i* appe>$ orig9ally 
9 ,! ,atlantic ,mon?ly4  ---------- #gba
  ,,! ,,ca?olic ,,_w4  ,,vol4 ,i41 ,,no4
 #f4 ,,septemb]1 #ahfe4   ,f ,! ,dubl9  
,review4  ,,! ,,*ri/ian ,,s*ools ,,(    

,,alex&ria4--,,orig54   ,orig5is ,op]a  
,omnia4 ,ed4 ,de la ,rue1 accurante ,j4 
,p4 ,,migne4 ,p>is4  ,orig5es1 ,e9e     
,d>/ellung se9es ,leb5s und se9] ,lehre1
 von ,dr4 ,,r$ep5n+4 7,orig53 ,a ,hi/ory
 ( 8 ,life & ,doctr9e4 ,by ,dr4         
,,r$ep5n+74 #ahda4 ,bonn4  ,9 a =m]     
article we h giv5 "s acc\nt ( ! labors &
 tea*+ ( ,panta5us & ,clem5t 9 ! tw5ty  
ye>s aft] ! dea? ( ,m>cus ,aurelius     
7#ahj-bjb71 dur+ :i* ! ,*ur* enjoy$     
comp>ative peace4 ,commodus 0 n a       
p]secutor1 l 8 philosophic fa!r4        
,p]sonally1 he 0 a signal in/ance ( !   
total break-d[n ( philosophy z a tra9+ =
 a pr9ce imp]ial2 = :atev] advantages ! 
mo/ enlight5$ me?ods & ! mo/ complete   
e/abli%m5t ( philosophic tutors c\ld    
af=d 7 81 probably to 8 great disgu/4 ,b
 ! ,*ur* has (t5 f\nd t an imp]ial      
philosoph] is some?+ ev5 worse ?an an   
imp]ial debau*ee4 ,p]t9ax & ,didius     
,julianus1 :o succe$$ ,commodus1 _h     
little "t ei!r = philosophy or pleasure1
 = !y foll[$ _! pr$ecessor1 aft] !      

viol5t fa%ion s popul> ) conspirators & 
,praetorians1 9 less ?an a twelvemon?4  
,septimius ,sev]us1 ! fir/1 &1 ) "o     
exception1 ! only ,roman emp]or :o 0 a  
native ,african1 dur+ ! e>li] ye>s ( 8  
reign protect$ ! ,*ri/ians r ?an        
o!rwise4 ,h[ & :y he saw occasion to    
*ange we %all h to consid] fur!r on4    
,dur+ ^! tw5ty ye>s ( tranquillity !    
great ,*ur* ( ,alex&ria _h be5 mak+ no  
little progress4 ,h] *ildr5 _h n be5    
entirely undi/urb$4 ,! populace1 &      
sometimes ! magi/rates1 (t5 did n wait =
 an imp]ial edict to set ^u ! ,*ri/ians1
 & ! commotions t foll[$ ! dea? (       
,commodus 7 ! occasion ( m ?an "o       
m>tyr's cr[n4 ,we le>n f ,clem5t (      
,alex&ria1 speak+ ( ?is v "t (          
comp>ative quiet1 t burn+s1 behead+s1 & 
crucifixions took place daily2 :]eby he 
seems to po9t to "s p>ticul> local      
p]secutions4 ,b ! ,alex&rian ,*ur*1 on !
 :ole1 0 left 9 peace1 & 0 rapidly      
ext5d+ h]self among ! /ud5t population (
 ! city1 among ! ,greeks1 b1 above all1 

among ! poor] classes ( ! native        
,egyptians4 ,*ri/ianity seems to h      
spread 9 ,egypt ) a #gbb rapidity almo/ 
unexampl$ else:]e1 & hi/orians h tak5   
mu* pa9s to po9t out t ?is 0 ! effect ( 
! consid]able agreem5t !re is betwe5 !  
asceticism ( ! e>ly ,*ur* & t ( ! native
 wor%ip4 ,)\t discuss+ ! po9t1 we may   
note t rapidity ( ext5sion 0 ! rule1 n !
 exception1 :5 an apo/le 0 ! mission>y2 
& t ! ,alex&rian ,*ur* 0 f\nd$ by direct
 commission f ,/4 ,pet]1 &1 !re=e1 %>$ )
 ,rome & ,antio* ! di/9ction ( be+ !    
"m-city ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,moreov]1 ! ,nile
 valley1 :i* above ! ,delta is n[h]e m  
?an elev5 miles 9 wid?1 conta9$ a teem+ 
population1 ! :ole ( :i* 0 ?or\ghly     
accessible by means ( ! riv] itself4 ,= 
ne>ly five hundr$ miles e city & t[n1 e 
lea/ village & hamlet1 /ood "r on !     
banks ( ! great wat]-way2 & x is        
probable t half ! inhabitants ( ,upp]   
,egypt & ! ,!baid 7 (t5 float+ on its   
bosom at "o & ! same "t4 ,! high road t 
0 s s]viceable = traffic & pleasure c\ld

 be made ( equal s]vice to religion4 ,h[
 unwe>i$ly ! successors ( ,/4 ,m>k mu/ h
 trav]s$ x f end to end may be read 9 ! 
hi/ory ( ^? lauras & h]mitages t at "o  
"t 7 to be f\nd :]ev] its rocky b>ri]s 7
 ind5t$ by a s&y valley1 & :]ev] ! old  
build]s ( ,!bes & ,memphis _h left a    
qu>ri$ op5+ 9 ! lime/one4 ,!re 0 n a    
/rong] contra/ betwe5 ^! mona/ic dwell+s
 & ! bosom ( ! gay riv] ?an !re 0 betwe5
 ,egyptians ,*ri/ian & ,egyptians pagan4
 ,if ! ,*ur*'s conv]ts ru%$ into !      
des]ts & ! caves1 x 0 n especially      
because !y lik$ !m1 b because !re 0     
absolutely no o!r means ( gett+ out ( a 
society n to be mat*$ = immorality      
except1 p]haps1 by pagan ,rome at its v 
wor/4 ,( ! numb] ( ,*ri/ians 9 ,alex&ria
 itself at ! comm5cem5t ( ! ?ird c5tury 
we c only =m an approximate judgm5t4 ,on
 ! "o h&1 ,eusebius tells u t ! ,*ur* _h
 spread ov] ! :ole ,!baid4 ,z ! ,!baid 0
 ! s\!rn division ( ,egypt prop]1 &1    
!re=e1 ! mo/ di/ant f ,alex&ria1 we may 
safely say z mu*1 at lea/1 = ! ,delta & 

,middle ,egypt4 ,on ! o!r h&1 we are    
told by ,orig5 t ! ,*ri/ians 9 ! city 7 
n s num]\s z ! pagans1 or ev5 ! ,jews4  
,?is w n appe> surpris+ if we recollect 
t ! ,alex&rian ,jews 7 m num]\s1 z well 
z ri*] & m p[]ful1 ?an any o!r ,jewi%   
community 9 ! _w4 ,we "k en\gh to be q  
sure t ! ,alex&rian ,*ur* 0 work+       
quietly b vigor\sly4 ,f ! heads ( !     
,cate*etical s*ool d[n to ! humble/     
little *ild t 0 m>k$ out by baptism 9 ! 
great city ( s91 !re 0 a great "w go+   
on4 ,! impulse t ,panta5us & ,clem5t 7  
giv+ 0 felt d[nw>d & ar\nd1 & :5 ,orig5 
beg9s to rise on ! sc5e1 we c m>k :at an
 advance !re has be5 ev5 9 ! %ort tw5ty 
ye>s s9ce ! dea? ( ,m>cus ,aurelius4    
,septimus ,sev]us _h reign$ = t5 ye>s1 z
 we said above1 be=e he began to        
p]secute4 ,he 0 und\bt$ly an able &     
vigor\s emp]or2 he c\ld meet 8 enemies &
 get rid ( 8 fri5ds1 bribe !            
,praetorians & slaught] 8 prison]s ( w>1
 ) equal coolness & g5]ally ) equal     
success4 ,9 ! c\rse ( a reign ( tw5ty   

ye>s he seems to h visit$ ) ho/ile int5t
 ! great] "p ( 8 ext5sive empire1 f !   
,syrtes ( ,africa1 :]e he 0 born1 to !  
banks ( ! ,euphrates1 & !nce to ,brita91
 :]e he di$1 at ,york1 ,a4,d4 #baa4 ,at 
! "t we speak ( 7#aih7 he _h j conclud$ 
a brilliant campaign aga9/ ^? pe/s ( !  
,roman soldi]y1 ! ,p>?ians2 & hav+ !n   
engag$ ! ,arabs1 /ill 9 arms = a *ief ^:
 head he _h _h ! pleasure #gbc ( s5d+ to
 ,rome twelve mon?s be=e1 _h got r !    
wor/ ( x 9 two battles4 ,x 0 betwe5 ?is 
& ! ye> #bjb t he visit$ ,alex&ria4 ,!re
 c be no d\bt he mu/ h be5 receiv$ at   
,alex&ria ) no little triumph by "o     
class ( its citiz5s4 ,"s six ye>s be=e1 
he _h re/or$ to ! ,greek inhabitants _! 
s5ate & municipal privileges4 ,!        
,greeks1 :o1 z f> z intellect w5t1 7 !  
indisputable rul]s ( ,alex&ria1 mu/ h   
be5 highly elat$ at be+ n[ re/or$ to    
civil importance2 = ?\gh _! s5ate 0     
little m ?an an ornam5t1 & _! municipal 
rights conf9$ to hold+ c]ta9 assemblies 
= ! discussion ( grievances1 /ill1 to h 

a recogniz$ ma*9]y ( w>ds & tribes1 & to
 be call$ m5 ( ,mac$on1 z ( old1 0 n )\t
 advantage1 & 01 inde$1 all t _! fa!rs  
_h presum$ to seek =1 ev5 9 ! days ( !  
lam5t$ ,ptolemies4 ,we _c d\bt1 !re=e1 t
 by ! ,greeks ,sev]us 0 receiv$ ) mu*   
en?usiasm1 & he1 on 8 "p1 seems to h be5
 equally satisfi$ ) 8 reception1 = we   
f9d t he enri*$ ,alex&ria ) a temple (  
,rhea1 & ) public ba?s :i* he nam$ aft] 
himself4 ,b m came ( ?is visit ?an      
complim5ts or temples4 ,x 0 an h\r (    
favor = ! ,greeks2 ! *ief among !m 7    
also ! *iefs & rul+ spirits ( !         
univ]sity2 we "k !y mu/ h come across   
,*ri/ianity dur+ ! prec$+ tw5ty ye>s 9  
_m ways1 b *iefly z a tea*+ t 0 ga9+    
gr\nd ye>ly among _! be/ m52 z          
philosoph]s1 we "k !y loa!d x2 z        
wor%ipp]s ( ! immortal my?s1 !y 7 burn+ 
to put x d[n4 ,does x seem 9 any way    
connect$ ) ^! facts t ,sev]us at ?is v  
"t *anges 8 policy ( mildness1 & issues 
a decree =bidd+1 "u sev]e/ p5alties1 all
 conv]sions to ,*ri/ianity or ,judaism8 

,!re is some?+ sugge/ive 9 !            
juxtaposition ( facts1 & x is n at all  
impossible t ! comm5cem5t ( ! fif?      
p]secution 0 a complim5t to ,clem5t (   
,alex&ria4 ,sev]us1 inde$1 mu/ h        
frequ5tly come into contact )           
,*ri/ianity himself dur+ ! ?ree or f\r  
ye>s he sp5t 9 ,syria & ! ,ea/2 he c\ld 
n h visit$ ,antio*1 ,edessa1 & ,caes>ea 
)\t be+ oblig$ to notice ! developm5t ( 
! ,*ur*4 ,! ,jews1 too1 _h giv5 him a   
great deal ( tr\ble1 :i* may acc\nt = t 
"p ( ! edict :i* affect$ !m1 & p]haps ! 
,montani/ fanatics _h help$ to irritate 
him aga9/ ! "n ( ,*ri/ian4 ,h[ev] ^! ?+s
 may be1 ! prohibition1 ?\gh app>5tly   
mod]ate 9 its scope1 0 ! signal = !     
outbur/ ( a trem5d\s p]secution4        
,laetus1 ! prefect ( ,alex&ria1 0 s     
zeal\s 9 8 "w1 t x is impossible n to   
suspect t he 0 act+ "u ! v eye ( 8      
imp]ial ma/]4 ,he 0 n cont5t ) tortur+ &
 slay+ 9 ! city itself1 b s5t 8         
emiss>ies up ! ,nile to ! v extremity ( 
! ,!baid to hunt up ! ,*ri/ians & s5d !m

 by boatloads to ! capital = judgm5t &  
puni%m5t4 ,numb]s ( ! ,alex&rian        
,*ri/ians fl$ to ,pale/9e & else:]e on !
 fir/ intimation ( dang]4 ,panta5us1 :o 
_h return$ f 8 ,indian mission1 _h      
p]haps already left ,alex&ria2 b ,clem5t
 0 at ! head ( ! ,cate*isms1 & he 0 ( ! 
numb] ( ^? :o fl$4 ,! great s*ool 0 = a 
"t brok5 up4 ,! functions ( ! ,*ur* 7   
susp5d$ = want ( m9i/]s1 or prev5t$ by !
 impossibility ( meet+ 9 safety4 ,x 0   
taught 9 ! ,alex&rian ,*ur* t if !y 7   
p]secut$ 9 "o city1 !y %\ld flee into   
ano!r2 &1 j at ?is "t1 ! ,motani/ error1
 t x 0 unlawful to flee f p]secution1   
caus$ ?is tea*+ to be act$ ^u ) less    
hesitation ?an usual2 & s1 9 ! ye> #bjb1
 ,*ri/ians 9 ,alex&ria1 f be+ a         
comp>atively fl\ri%+ community1 became a
 proscrib$ & secret sect4  #gbd  ,x w\ld
 be v f> f ! tru?1 h[ev]1 to suppose t !
 tea*+s ( ! ,cate*etical s*ool _h n be5 
able to =m m>tyrs4 ,we "k t multitudes  
/ood up = _! fai? & %$ _! blood = x at  
,alex&ria1 dur+ ! fir/ ye>s ( ?is       

p]secution1 & ?is amid/ horrors s       
unusual ev5 ) p]secutors1 t x 0 ?\ght !y
 port5d$ ! com+ ( ! la/ day4 ,! "n (    
,potamiana alone w s]ve to raise        
associations suffici5t to picture bo? ! 
h]oism ( ! confessors & ! enormities ( !
 tyrants4 ,b !re is ano!r "n ) :i* we   
are m ne>ly conc]n$ at pres5t4          
,leonides1 ! fa!r ( ,orig51 0 "o ( ^?   
,*ri/ians :o _h n fl$ f ! p]secution4   
,he 0 an inhabitant ( ,alex&ria1 a man (
 "s position & sub/ance1 & :5 ! tr\bles 
began he 0 liv+ 9 ,alex&ria ) 8 wife &  
family4 ,x 0 n long be=e he 0 m>k$ d[n  
by ,laetus & dragg$ to prison4 ,!       
m>tyr's cr[n 0 n[ )9 8 grasp2 b he left 
beh9d him 9 8 desolate home ano!r :o 0  
burn+ to %>e x by 8 side4 ,8 son1       
,orig51 0 n yet sev5te5 :5 8 fa!r 0 torn
 away by ! ,roman soldi]s1 &1 9 spite ( 
! entreaties ( 8 "m1 he insi/$ ^u foll[+
 him to prison4 ,8 "m f9ally kept him   
beside h] by a device :i* may raise a   
smile 9 ?is g5]ation4 ,%e hid all 8     
clo!s1 says ,eusebius1 & s compell$ him 

to /op at home4 ,b 8 zeal 0 all ar\s$ & 
on fire1 &1 inde$1 9 ?is1 ! e>lie/      
incid5t kn[n to u ( 8 life1 we seem to  
read ! zeal & fire ( ! man t 0 to be4   
,he s5t a message to 8 fa!r 9 ^! words1 
,be sure n to wav] on our acc\nt4 ,!    
exact words seem to h be5 h&$ d[n to u1 
& ,eusebius1 :o gives !m1 probably      
receiv$ !m f ,orig5's own disciples 9   
,caes>ea ( ,pale/9e4 ,! boy well knew   
:at w\ld be ! m>tyr's *ief & only       
anxiety 9 8 prison4 ,! ?\ght ( ! wife & 
sev5 "y *ildr5 :om he 0 leav+ desolate  
w\ld be a f> bitt]] m>tyrdom ?an !      
,roman prisons4 ,b ,leonides glori\sly  
p]sev]$1 confess$ ! fai?1 & 0 behead$1  
:ile ! :ole ( 8 prop]ty 0 confiscat$ to 
! emp]or4  ,orig51 z we h said1 0 n q   
sev5te5 ye>s old at 8 fa!r's m>tyrdom1  
hav+ be5 born ab\t ! ye> #ahe4 ,bo? 8   
fa!r & "m 7 ,*ri/ians1 & app>5tly _h    
dwelt a long "t 9 ,alex&ria4 ,he _h     
!re=e be5 br\ght up f 8 infancy 9 t     
c>eful ,*ri/ian tra9+ :i* x is ! pride &
 joy ( a good & e>ne/ ,*ri/ian fa!r to  

be/[ ^u 8 son4 ,! traces ( ?is tra9+1 z 
we f9d !m 9 ,eusebius1 are t\*+ 9 !     
extreme4 ,leonides1 to :om ! tea*+s (   
,clem5t _h made ! ,holy ,scriptures a v 
f\nta9 ( life & sweetness1 made !m !    
pr9cipal means ( ! education ( 8 son4 ,e
 day ! *ild repeat$ to 8 fa!r a portion 
( ! holy books1 & 0 in/ruct$ accord+ to 
8 capacity4 ,kn[+ :at1 9 aft] life1 0 to
 be ,orig5's connection ) ! ,holy       
,scriptures1 we are n surpris$ to f9d t 
8 fa!r soon began to exp]i5ce "s        
difficulty 9 answ]+ 8 que/ions4 ,! boy1 
) true ,alex&rian in/9ct1 0 n cont5t ) !
 b>e lett] ( ! book2 he w\ld "k its     
hidd5 mean+ & prophetic s5se4 ,leonides 
disc\rag$ ^! que/ions & speculations1 n1
 x w\ld seem1 because he disapprov$ (   
!m1 b because he s5sibly ?\ght !m       
premature 9 s "y a *ild4 ,b 9 ! secret (
 8 he>t he 0 full ( joy to see ! ardor1 
eag]ness1 & amaz+ quickness ( 8 de>     
*ild1 & (t51 :5 ! boy 0 asleep1 w\ld he 
uncov] 8 brea/ & rev]5tly kiss x1 z !   
temple ( ! ,holy ,_s4 ,x is ( v great   

importance = ! "r compreh5sion ( ! great
 ,orig5 to be> 9 view ?is picture ( 8   
t5d] y\?1 & to reflect t he 0 no conv]t 
f hea!nism1 no #gbe ,*ri/ianiz$         
philosoph]1 ^: e>ly notions might f "t  
to "t be expect$ to crop up 9 ! field ( 
8 or?odoxy1 b a ,*ri/ian *ild1 born &   
br$ 9 ! ,*ur*'s bosom1 br\ght up by a   
fa!r ( unque/ion$ ability1 :o di$ a     
m>tyr & is honor$ z a sa9t4 ,orig5 began
 to ?9k rightly z soon z he c\ld ?9k at 
all2 8 e>ly education left him no?+ to  
=get4 ,z he grew up & began to be       
famili> ) ,alex&ria ! beautiful1 he     
receiv$ t subtle education ( ! eye &    
imag9ation t e ,alex&rian1 l e ,a!nian1 
succe$$ to z an heirloom4 ,b ) ! hea!n  
philosoph]s he _h no?+ to d1 & x may be 
que/ion$ :e!r he ev] ent]$ ! walls ( !  
,museum4 ,8 fa!r _h n neglect$ to tea*  
him ! ord9>y bran*es ( ,greek le>n+4 ,he
 att5d$ ! lectures ( ,clem5t1 ^?        
brilliant & w9n+ disc\rses1 half        
apology1 half exhortation1 t he himself 
0 aft]w>d to emulate s well4 ,he he>d   

,panta5us1 also1 aft] ! v5]able tea*] _h
 return$ f 8 ,indian mission4 ,we may be
 sure t he dread$ worse ?an poison !    
society ( ! pagan y\? ( ! univ]sity2 ?is
 8 subsequ5t conduct proves4 ,b he _h 8 
circle ( fri5ds1 & among !m 0 a "y man1 
some:at old] ?an himself1 :o 0 h]eaft]  
to leave an undy+ "n z ,/4 ,alex&] (    
,j]usalem4 ,?us1 by e> & eye1 by ma/] & 
by fell[-/ud5t1 by 8 fa!r's labor1 & by 
! work+s ( 8 own wond]ful intellect &   
indomitable w1 he 0 =m$ into a man4 ,8  
education came to a premature end2 b 8  
fa!r's m>tyrdom1 ?\gh to outw>d seem+ x 
left him a de/itute orphan1 really h>d5$
 ! boy ( sev5te5 into ! man & ! h]o4    
,:5 8 fa!r 0 m>tyr$1 cont9ues ,eusebius1
 writ+1 9 all probability1 f ! relation 
( ^? :o _h he>d ,orig5's own acc\nt1 he 
0 left an orphan1 ) 8 "m & six "y bro!rs
 & si/]s1 be+ ( ! age ( sev5te54 ,all 8 
fa!r's prop]ty 0 confiscat$ to !        
emp]or's treasury1 & !y 7 9 ! utmo/     
de/itution2 b ,god's provid5ce took c>e 
( ,orig54 ,a ri* & illu/ri\s lady (     

,alex&ria receiv$ him into h] h\se4     
,:e!r ?is lady 0 pr(ess$ly a ,*ri/ian1 a
 pagan1 or a h]etic1 hi/ory does n say4 
,%e c h>dly h be5 a pagan1 ?\gh x is n  
impossible t a philosophic & lib]al     
pagan lady %\ld h tak5 a fancy to help  
su* a y\? z ,orig54 ,x is n likely t %e 
0 a h]etic1 = 9 t case ,orig5 w\ld nev] 
h ent]$ h] door4 ,?anks to ! ,gno/ics1  
h]etics 9 ^? days 7 look$ ^u 9 ,alex&ria
 z m to be dread$ ?an pagans4 ,%e 0     
probably1 by outw>d pr(ession at lea/1 a
 ,*ri/ian1 illu/ri\s1 says ! hi/orian1 =
 :at %e _h done1 & illu/ri\s 9 e o!r    
way4 ,:at %e _h done we are n p]mitt$   
ev5 to guess2 b "o fact 9 h] hi/ory we d
 "k1 & x is v significant4 ,%e _h liv+ 9
 h] h\se1 on ! foot+ ( an adopt$ son1 "o
 ,paul1 a native ( ,antio*1 & "o ( !    
*iefs ( ! ,alex&rian h]etics4 ,x is     
c]ta9 t ,orig5's patroness mu/ h _h ei!r
 v unc]ta9 or v easy notions (          
,*ri/ianity1 if %e c\ld l5d h] h\se1 h] 
money1 & h] influ5ce to an ar*-h]etic1  
:o _h come f ,syria to tr\ble ! ,*ur* ( 

,alex&ria1 z ,basilides & ,val5t9e _h   
come be=e him4 ,gno/icism _h probably   
lo/ gr\nd 9 ! city1 "u ! eloqu5t attacks
 ( ,/4 ,clem5t4 ,?is ,paul 0 a man (    
great eloqu5ce1 & 8 reputation attract$ 
great numb]s to he> him1 n only (       
h]etics1 b also ( ,*ri/ians4 ,he came f 
,antio*1 ! headqu>t]s ( an unkn[n numb] 
( ,gno/ic sects1 &1 ) ! usual in/9ct (  
false tea*]s1 he _h l$ captive ?is      
,alex&rian lady4 ,m>k1 ( infam\s memory1
 _h already done ! same ?+ by o!rs1 &   
p]haps by h]1 & ,paul _h succe$$ to 8   
position & 0 n[ #gbf ! rival ( ! head ( 
! ,cate*isms4 ,su* a /ate ( ?+s makes x 
easi] to und]/& :y ,/4 ,clem5t1 9 8     
,/romata1 calls ^? :o lean to h]esy     
traitors to ,*ri/1 & comp>es p]v]ts to !
 companions ( ,ulysses 9 ! /y ( ,circe1 
& :y he makes ! v treat+ ) h]etics to be
 no?+ less ?an des]tion 9 ! soldi] (    
,*ri/4 ,x does seem a little /range1 at 
fir/ sight1 t ! uncompromis+ ,orig5 %\ld
 h cons5t$ to receive assi/ance f "o ^: 
or?odoxy mu/ h be5 9 su* bad odor4 ,!   

difficulty gr[s less1 h[ev]1 if we      
consid] ! circum/ances4 ,x 0 9 ! v heat 
( a t]rible p]secution1 :5 ! canons ( ! 
,*ur* mu/ h be5 susp5d$4 ,orig5 _h lo/ 8
 fa!r1 & _h n[h]e to turn = b>e         
subsi/5ce4 ,we c h>dly wond] if1 9 su* a
 /rait z ?is1 he ask$ few que/ions :5 ! 
*>itable lady wi%$ to take him 94 ,b :5 
! grief & agitation ( 8 orphan$ /ate _h 
some:at subsid$1 & :5 ! p]secutors _h   
begun to slack5 _! fury1 we may suppose 
t he began to exam9e ! h>bor ( 8 refuge1
 & t x pleas$ him n4 ,he 0 "u ! same ro(
 z ,paul ( ,antio*1 a h]etic & a lead] (
 h]etics2 b nev]1 "y z he 01 c\ld he be 
induc$ to associate ) him 9 pray]1 or 9 
any way t c\ld violate ! canons ( !     
,*ur*1 z f> z x 0 possible to keep !m 9 
su* times4 ,f 8 *ildhood1 says 8        
biograph]1 he kept ! canons1 & execrat$ 
! tea*+s ( h]etics2 & he tells u t ?is  
la/ phrase is ,orig5's own4 ,& x seems t
 he took ! mo/ en]getic measures to get 
away f a companion%ip t he mu/ h loa!d4 
,he _h be5 well in/ruct$1 z we h said1  

by 8 fa!r 9 ! ord9>y bran*es (          
education4 ,aft] 8 fa!r's dea? he aga9  
appli$ himself to /udy ) great] ardor   
?an be=e1 = he _h an object 9 view n[4  
,x 0 n long be=e he 0 (f]+ himself z a  
public tea*] ( ^? sci5ces t are         
designat$ by ! g5]al t]m ,grammatica4 ,x
 0 ! fir/ public /ep 9 a life t 0       
aft]w>d to be little less ?an ! entire  
hi/ory ( ! ,ea/]n ,*ur*4 ,he 0 n yet    
eighte51 b !re 0 no help = x4 ,he mu/ h 
bread1 & he c\ld n eat ( ! loaf t 0 %>$ 
by ,paul ( ,antio*4 ,e>ly writ]s lay mu*
 /ress on ?is fir/ exhibition ( or?odox 
zeal 9 him :o 0 aft]w>d to be ! hamm] ( 
h]etics1 f ,egypt to ,greece4 ,c]ta9 x  
is t 8 conduct z a boy 0 ! same z 8     
s5tim5ts :5 he 0 9 8 sixtie? ye>4 ,to   
err 9 morals1 he wrote 9 8 comm5t>y on  
,mat!w1 at ,caes>ea1 =ty ye>s aft] 8    
fir/ essay z a tea*] ( gramm>1--to err 9
 morals is bad1 b to err 9 dogma & to   
contradict ,holy ,writ is mu* worse4 ,if
 9 aft] life he 0 to be s s+ul>ly e>ne/ 
& s unaffect$ly dev\t1 s en?usia/ic = ! 

,gospel1 s eag] 9 explor+ ! dep?s (     
sacr$ sci5ce1 & s unwav]+ 9 8 fai?1 all 
?is 0 b ! gr[? & developm5t ( :at 0     
already spr++ 9 8 s\l 9 ^? e>ly ye>s ( 8
 trials & zeal4 ,! /rong w 0 already    
try+ its fir/ flights1 ! s5sitive he>t 0
 be+ s*ool$ to ?r[ all its motive p[]   
into duty1 & ! quick1 cle> appreh5sion &
 ! wond]ful memory = :i* he 0 to be s   
fam\s1 7 already beg9n+ to %[ :at !y    
w\ld "o day be4  ,orig5 0 n[ a tea*] (  
gramm> & ! sci5ces1 b he _h n kept s*ool
 = _m mon?s :5 8 tea*+s took a turn t he
 c h>dly h anticipat$4 ,8 text-books 7 !
 common pagan hi/orians1 poets1 &       
philosoph]s t h be5 ?umb$ by ! s*ool-boy
 f t g5]ation to ?is4 ,x 0 no "p (      
,orig5's "* to leave 8 he>]s 9 error :5 
pla9 speak+ w\ld prev5t x2 & s x happ5$ 
t 8 exposition ( 8 au?or (t5 took 9 h& n
 m]ely ! p>ts ( spee*1 b ! doctr9e4     
,?\gh he 0 only #gbg s*ool-ma/] by      
pr(ession1 8 s*ol>s soon f\nd out he 0 a
 ,*ri/ian1 & a ,*ri/ian ( uncommon p[] &
 cle>-sight$ness4 ,! ,cate*etical s*ool 

0 clos$2 ma/]s & s*ol>s 7 scatt]$ 9     
flight or 9 concealm5t4 ,x 0 n long1    
!re=e1 be=e ! "y tea*] f\nd himself     
appli$ to by fir/ "o hea!n & !n ano!r1  
:o1 "u o!r circum/ances1 w\ld h appli$  
to ! s*ool ( ! ,cate*isms4 ,among ^! 7  
,plut>*us1 :o soon aft]w>d %[$ h[ a "y  
,alex&rian /ud5t c\ld die a glori\s     
m>tyr2 & ,h]aclas1 8 bro!r1 :o1 aft] 8  
conv]sion1 left ev]y?+ to rema9 ) 8     
ma/]1 became 8 assi/ant & successor 9 8 
cate*etical "w1 & f9ally di$ ,patri>* ( 
,alex&ria4 ,^! 7 ! fir/-fruits ( 8 zeal 
= s\ls4 ,_m o!rs foll[$2 & z !          
p]secution 0 some:at abat+1 ,demetrius1 
bi%op ( ,alex&ria1 look+ r\nd = m5 to   
resume ! "w ( ! s*ools1 saw no "o bett] 
fitt$ to be intru/$ ) its direction ?an 
,orig5 himself4 ,he 0 accord+ly1 ?\gh n 
yet eighte51 appo9t$ ! successor (      
,clem5t4  ,laetus1 prefect ( ,alex&ria1 
:o _h ex]t$ himself s /r5u\sly to please
 ,sev]us :5 ! p]secution comm5c$1 _h n[ 
be5 recall$2 probably he _h reap$ !     
rew>d ( 8 zeal1 & 0 promot$4 ,8         

successor1 ,aquila1 signaliz$ 8 ent]+ ^u
 (fice by an activity t outdid t (      
,laetus himself4 ,! p]secution t _h     
calm$ d[n a little t[>d ! end ( ! fir/  
ye> & :5 ,laetus 0 leav+1 n[ rag$ )     
r$\bl$ fury4 ,we h already said t !     
au?oritative tradition1 &1 9 great      
measure1 also ! practice1 ( ! ,alex&rian
 ,*ur* 0 flight at a "t l ?is4 ,orig51  
h[ev]1 0 v f> f flee+2 nev] at any "t ( 
8 life did he display su* fe>less       
baldness1 su* en]getic contempt = !     
enemy1 z dur+ ^! ye>s ( blood1 f #bjd to
 #baa4 ,!re 0 no prison s well-gu>d$1 no
 dungeon s deep1 t he c\ld n hold       
communication ) ! confessors ( ,*ri/4   
,he w5t up to ! tribunals ) !m1 & /ood  
beside !m at ! int]rogatory & at !      
torture4 ,he w5t back ) !m 9 a sort (   
defiant triumph1 aft] s5t5ce ( dea? _h  
be5 pron\nc$4 ,he walk$ undaunt$ly by _!
 side up to ! /ake & ! behead+ block1 & 
kiss$ !m & bade !m adieu :5 x 0 "t = !m 
to die4 ,x is no wond] t ,eusebius sets 
d[n 8 own safety to a miracul\s         

int]position ( ! "r h& ( ,god4 ,once1 z 
he /ood by a dy+ m>tyr1 embrac+ him z he
 expir$1 ! ,alex&rian mob set on him )  
/ones & ne>ly kill$ him2 h[ he escap$   
none c\ld tell4 ,aga9 & aga9 !          
p]secutors tri$ to seize him2 z (t5 7x  
is impossible1 says ! hi/orian1 to tell 
h[ (t57 0 he deliv]$ f _! h&s4 ,he 0    
n[h]e safe3 no soon] did ! mob get a    
suspicion ( :]e he 0 ?an !y surr\nd$ !  
h\se1 & h\nd$ 9 ! soldi]s to drag him   
out4 ,he fl$ f h\se to h\se2 p]haps he 0
 assi/$ to escape by "s ( 8 num]\s      
fri5ds2 p]haps he hid himself1 z ,/4    
,a?anasius 9 ! next c5tury did1 9 "s (  
^? und]gr\nd wells & ci/]ns ) :i* e h\se
 9 ,alex&]'s city 0 provid$1 & !n s\ght 
o!r qu>t]s :5 ! mob _h gone (f4 ,b x 0 n
 long be=e he 0 aga9 discov]$4 ,! numb]s
 t came to he> him soon let ! infuriat$ 
pagans "k :]e _! victim 01 & he 0 aga9  
besieg$ & hunt$ out4 ,once1 ,/4         
,epiphanius relates1 he 0 caught1       
app>5tly by a /reet-mob1 & "s ( ! l[    
,egyptian prie/s z _! lead]s4 ,x 0 ne> !

 ,egyptian qu>t] ( ! city2 p]haps1 ev51 
he 0 visit+ "s poor native conv]t 9 !   
dirty /reets ( ! ,rhacotis itself4 ,if  
s1 ! "n ( ,orig5 w\ld h be5 en\gh to    
empty ! :ole qu>t] ( its p>iah race1 &  
br+ !m yell+ & curs+ into ! #gbh        
,hepta/adion4 ,!y %[$ him no m]cy2 !y   
abus$ him horribly2 !y beat him & bruis$
 him2 !y dragg$ him along ! gr\nd4 ,b   
be=e kill+ him outright1 ! idea seiz$ !m
 t !y %\ld make him d5y 8 religion1 & at
 ! same "t make a %ameful exhibition (  
himself4 ,!re mu/ h be5 ,greeks 9 !     
cr[d1 = ,egyptians w\ld nev] h _h       
pati5ce to sp>e him s long4 ,!          
,s]apeion1 h[ev]1 0 at h&1 & ?i!r !y    
dragg$ him4 ,z !y haul$ him along1 !y   
%av$ 8 head1 says ,/4 ,epiphanius--t is1
 !y tri$ to make him look l ! ,egyptian 
prie/s1 :o 7 di/+ui%$ by a womani%      
smoo?ness ( face2 & we may imag9e t !y  
did x ) no g5tle h&s4 ,:5 at l5g? ! ru%+
 mob _h surg$ up ! /eps ( ! great       
temple1 _! victim 9 ! mid/ ( !m1 !y set 
him on 8 feet1 & gave him "s palm       

bran*es1 tell+ him to act ! prie/ &     
di/ribute !m to ! vot>ies ( ,s]apis4 ,! 
palm1 we "k1 0 a favorite tree ) !      
,egyptian prie/s2 x 0 sculptur$ & pa9t$ 
on ! walls ( _! huge temples1 & x 0     
borne 9 ! h&s ( wor%ipp]s on solemn     
fe/ivals4 ,on ! pres5t occasion !re 71  
probably1 prie/s ( "o rank or ano!r /&+ 
be=e ! ve/ibule ( ! ,s]apeion1 ready to 
supply ^? :o %\ld ent]4 ,x 01 !re=e1 !  
"w ( a mom5t to seize ! /ock ( "o ( ^!  
m9i/]s1 & =ce ,orig5 to take 8 place4   
,if !y anticipat$ ! pleasure ( see+ !   
hat$ ,*ri/ian tea*] humiliat$ to !      
position ( an o/i>ius ( an idolatr\s    
temple1 !y 7 nev] m mi/ak5 9 _! lives4  
,orig5 took ! palms1 & began )\t        
hesitation to di/ribute !m2 b1 z he did 
s1 he cri$ out 9 a voice z l\d & /eady z
 if nei!r suff]+ nor dang] c\ld affect  
him1 ,take ! palms1 good p6--n ! palms (
 idols1 b ! palms ( ,*ri/6 ,h[ he escap$
 aft] ?is piece ( d>+1 we are only left 
to conjecture4 ,p]haps ! ,roman troops  
came sudd5ly on ! sc5e to quell ! riot2 

& z !y hat$ ! dwell]s 9 ! ,rhacotis     
almo/ z mu* z ! latt] hat$ ,orig51 !    
neighborhood ( ! ,s]apeion w\ld h be5   
spe$ily cle>$ ( ,egyptians4 ,h[ev] x    
came ab\t1 ,orig5 0 sav$4  ,mean:ile1 he
 saw 8 own s*ol>s daily go+ to dea?4 ,! 
"y /ud5t ,plut>*us fell among ! fir/    
victims ( ,aquila's new vigor2 ,orig5 0 
by 8 side :5 he 0 l$ to execution1 0    
recogniz$ by ! mob1 & once m n>r[ly     
escap$ ) 8 life4 ,s]5us1 ano!r ( 8      
disciples1 0 burnt2 ,h]aclides1 a       
cate*um51 & ,h]o1 :o _h j be5 baptiz$1 7
 behead$2 a second ,s]5us1 aft] endur+  
_m torm5ts1 suff]$ 9 ! same way4 ,a     
woman nam$ ,h]aeis1 "o ( 8 conv]ts1 0   
burn$ be=e %e c\ld be baptiz$1 receiv+ !
 baptism ( fire1 z h] in/ructor said4   
,ano!r :o is numb]$ among 8 disciples is
 ,basilides1 ! soldi] :o protect$ ,/4   
,potamiana f ! insults ( ! mob1 & :om %e
 conv]t$ by appeal+ to him ?ree nights  
aft]w>d4 ,we are told t ! bre?r51 & we  
"k :o w\ld be =emo/ among ! bre?r5 9 su*
 a case1 visit$ him 9 prison z soon z !y

 he>d ( 8 wond]ful & unexpect$          
confession4 ,he told !m 8 vision1 0     
baptiz$1 & ! foll[+ day di$ a m>tyr4    
,probably x 0 ,orig5 :o address$ to him 
! few hurri$ words ( in/ruction !re 0 "t
 to say4 ,all ! m>tyrs1 says ,eusebius1 
:e!r he knew !m or knew !m n1 he m9i/]$ 
to ) ! mo/ eag] affection4 ,8           
reputation1 x may well be conceiv$1     
suff]$ no dim9ution z ^! ?+s came to be 
kn[n4 ,! horrors ( ! p]secution c\ld n  
keep s*ol>s away f him1 nor prev5t      
increas+ numb]s f com+ to seek him4 ,_m 
( ! unbeliev+ pagans1 full ( admiration 
= a hol9ess ( life & a h]oism !y c\ld n 
compreh5d1 came to 8 #gbi in/ructions2 &
 ev5 lit]>y ,greeks :o _h gone ?r\gh !  
curriculum ( ! ,museum1 & 7 deeply v]s$ 
9 ,platonic my?s & ,py?agorean !ories ( 
mortification1 came to li/5 to ?is      
fe>less "y philosoph]1 9 :om !y f\nd a  
le>n+ t c\ld n be ga9said1 comb9$ ) a   
practical contempt = ! ?+s ( ! body t 0 
q unkn[n 9 _! own s*ools4  ,! p]secution
 seems to h di$ d[n & gone out t[>d !   

ye> #baa1 n9e ye>s aft] its comm5cem5t4 
,orig5's labors became ! m extraord9>y 9
 proportion z he _h fre] scope = pursu+ 
!m4 ,! feature 9 8 life at ?is "t1 :i*  
is mo/ *>act]i/ic ( ! "t & ! city1 & :i*
 m ?an any?+ else attract$ ! cultivat$  
hea!ns to li/5 to him1 0 8 sev]e        
asceticism4 ,times ( p]secution may be  
consid]$ to disp5se ) asceticism2 b     
,orig5 did n ?9k s4 ,x 0 a say+ ( 8     
ma/]1 ,/4 ,clem5t1 &1 inde$1 appe>s to h
 be5 a common prov]b 9 t re=m$ s*ool (  
hea!n philosophy :i* result$ 9          
,neo-,platonism1 ,z y\r words1 s be y\r 
life4 ,a philosoph] 9 ,alex&ria at t "t1
 if he w\ld n be ?\ght to belong to an  
effete race ( ?9k]s :o _h long be5 left 
beh9d1 or :o only surviv$ 9 ! well-paid 
& well-f$ pr(essor%ips ( ! univ]sity1 0 
( necessity a man ^: /rict & sob] liv+  
correspond$ to ! high & s]i\s tru?s :i* 
he consid]$ x 8 mission to utt]4 ,/4    
,clem5t did n =get ?is1 ei!r 9 pr9ciple 
or 9 practice1 :5 he und]took to w9 !   
hea!n m5 ( sci5ce to ,*ri/4 ,orig51 born

 a ,*ri/ian1 made a tea*] app>5tly by   
*ance & 9 ! confusion ( a p]secution1   
c>$ little1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 = :at     
pagan philosophy w\ld ?9k ( him4 ,! fact
 t all :o pret5d$ to be philosoph]s     
pret5d$ also to asceticism may1 inde$1 h
 caus$ him to embrace a life ( d5ial m z
 a matt] ( c\rse4 ,b ! holy gospels & ! 
tea*+s ( ,clem5t 7 ! reasons ( 8        
asceticism4 ,x is amaz+ t ,prote/ant    
writ]s1 :5 !y write ( ! asceticism ( !  
e>ly ,*ur*1 c see 9 x no?+ b !          
reflection ( ,buddhism1 or ,judaism1 or 
( ! t5ets ( ,py?agoras1 & t !y always   
seem n]v\sly glad to prove by !         
assi/ance ( ! ,egyptian climate or !    
,platonic hatr$ ( matt]1 t x 0 n ! c>ry+
 out ( ! law ( ,*ri/1 b m]ely a         
self-impos$ burd54 ,climate1 d\btless1  
has great influ5ce on food1 & ,engli%   
d9n]s w\ld no m suit an ,egyptian sun   
?an w\ld ! two regulation paximatia ( ! 
,abbot ,moses 9 ,cassian be en\gh = ev5 
! mo/ will+ ( ,engli% ,ci/]cians4 ,b :y 
g to climate1 to ,plato1 to ,py?agoras1 

& to ,buddha1 to acc\nt = :at is "o ( ! 
mo/ /rik+ recomm5dations ( ! gospels8   
,we ne$ n /op to inquire ! reason1 b we 
may be sure t a *ild :o _h be5 taught ! 
,holy ,scriptures by he>t w\ld n be     
unlikely to "k some?+ ( _! tea*+4 ,8    
biograph] tells u expressly1 ) reg>d to 
sev]al ( 8 acts ( mortification1 t !y 7 
done 9 ! endeavor to c>ry out lit]ally  
our ,"l's comm&s4 ,& yet x is v         
rem>kable1 & a trait ( ! times1 t       
,eusebius1 9 describ+ 8 mode ( life1    
uses ! ^w philosophy ?ree times :]e we  
%\ld use asceticism4 ,orig51 soon aft]  
be+ appo9t$ head ( ! ,cate*etic s*ool1  
f\nd he c\ld n d 8 duty by 8 he>]s z    
?or\ghly z he c\ld wi%1 on acc\nt ( 8   
o!r occupation ( tea*] ( gramm>4 ,he    
!re=e resolv$ to give x up4 ,x 0 8 only 
means ( subsi/5ce1 b he might reasonably
 h expect$ to live by ! gospel z long z 
he 0 9 su* a po/ z *ief cate*i/4 ,if he 
_h expect$ ?is he w\ld n h be5          
disappo9t$1 = !re w\ld h be5 no lack (  
*>ity4 ,b he _h an entirely diff]5t view

 ( ! matt]4 ,he w\ld be a burd5 #gcj to 
no "o1 & w\ld live a life ( ! /ricte/   
pov]ty4 ,simple1 /raight=w>d1 & great1  
"h z ev]1 we may conceive h[ he w\ld    
appreciate ! fett]s ( a ri* man's       
patronage4 ,b1 if we may tru/ !         
utt]ances ( 8 :ole life1 8 love = holy  
pov]ty 0 su* t1 :ile x makes "s ref]    
once m to ,py?agoras1 to a ,ca?olic x r 
sugge/s ,/4 ,francis ( ,assisi4 ,i      
tremble1 he said ?irty ye>s aft]w>d1 :5 
,i ?9k h[ ,jesus comm&s 8 *ildr5 to     
leave all !y h4 ,= my own "p1 ,i plead  
guilty to my accus]s & ,i pron\nce my   
own s5t5ce2 ,i w n conceal my guilt9ess 
le/ ,i become d\bly guilty4 ,i w prea* !
 precepts ( ! ,"l1 ?\gh ,i am consci\s (
 n hav+ foll[$ !m myself4 ,let u n[ at  
lea/ lose no "t 9 becom+ true prie/s ( !
 ,"l1 ^: inh]itance is n on e>? b 9     
heav54 ,su* language f "o :o c h>dly be 
said to h possess$ any?+ dur+ 8 :ole    
life c only be expla9$ on "o hypo!sis4  
,9 ord]1 !re=e1 at once to secure 8     
indep5d5ce 9 ,god's "w1 & to oblige     

himself to practise rigor\s pov]ty1 he  
made a sacrifice :i* none b a poor /ud5t
 c appreciate4 ,he sold 8 manuscripts1 &
 secur$ to himself1 f ! sale1 a sum (   
f\r oboli a day1 :i* 0 to be 8 :ole     
income4 ,?is sum1 :i* 0 ab\t ! ord9>y   
pay ( a common sailor1 :o _h 8 food &   
lodg+ provid$ = him1 0 little en\gh to  
live ^u2 b mis]able z x 01 ,orig5 mu/ h 
paid a de> premium to obta9 x4 ,^?      
manuscripts ( anci5t au?ors 7 probably !
 fruits & ! assi/ance ( 8 e>ly /udies2  
he mu/ h writt5 _m ( !m "u ! eye ( 8    
m>tyr$ fa!r4 ,he _h labor$ ) c>e & love 
to write !m out fairly1 we are told1 &  
d\btless he priz$ !m at once z a s*ol>  
prizes 8 libr>y & a labori\s work] ! "w 
( 8 h&s4 ,= _m ye>s1 probably until he  
w5t to ,rome 9 #baa1 he cont9u$ to      
receive 8 twop5ce or ?reep5ce e day f ! 
p]son :o _h b\ght 8 books4 ,b we cease 9
 great "p to wond] h[ little he liv$ on 
:5 we "k h[ he liv$4 ,9 ob$i5ce to our  
,"l's comm&1 & 9 opposition to !        
prevail+ practice ( all b ! poore/      

classes1 he wore ! tunic s+le1 & z = !  
pallium1 he seems ei!r to h disp5s$ ) x 
altoge!r1 or only to h worn x :il/      
tea*+4 ,= _m ye>s he w5t entirely       
b>efoot4 ,he fa/$ cont9ually f all t 0 n
 absolutely necess>y to keep him alive2 
he nev] t\*$ w9e2 he work$ h>d all day 9
 tea*+ & visit+ ! poor2 & aft] /udy+ :at
 we %\ld call !ology ! great] "p ( !    
night1 he did n g to b$1 b took a little
 re/ on ! floor4 ,?is vehem5tly         
philosophic life1 z ,eusebius calls x1  
r$uc$ him 9 "t1 z might h be5 expect$1  
to a m]e wreck2 insuffici5t food &      
scanty clo?+ br\ght on sev]e /oma*ic    
compla9ts1 :i* ne>ly caus$ 8 dea?4 ,x is
 n to be suppos$ t 8 disciples & ! ,*ur*
 9 g5]al look$ on ) indiff]5ce :il/ he  
practis$ ^! au/]ities4 ,on ! contr>y1 he
 0 solicit$ ov] & ov] aga9 to receive   
assi/ance & to take c>e ( himself2 & _m 
7 ev5 some:at (f5d$ because he refus$ _!
 well-meant (f]s4 ,b ,orig5 _h *os5 to  
put 8 h& to ! pl\gh1 & he w\ld n h be5  
,orig5 if he _h turn$ back4 ,x is       

probable1 inde$1 t he some:at mod]at$ 8 
au/]ities :5 8 heal? began to give way  
s]i\sly2 b h>d "w & h>d liv+ 7 8 lot to 
! end1 & ! "n ( ,adamant9e1 :i* he      
receiv$ at ?is "t1 & :i* all ages &     
c\ntries h confirm$ to him1 %[s :at !   
popul> impression 0 ( :at he actually   
w5t ?r\gh4 ,z might h be5 expect$1 a man
 ( su* s+l5ess & det]m9ation _h _m      
imitators4 ,we h se5 t ! v pagan        
philosoph]s came to li/5 to him4 #gca ,!
 "y s*ol>s :om he in/ruct$1 & _m ( :om  
he conv]t$1 did m ?an li/5 to him2 !y   
jo9$ him1 & imitat$ z ne>ly z !y c\ld   
:at ,eusebius aga9 calls ! philosophy ( 
8 life4 ,x 0 no b>r5 ap+ ( ext]nals1 su*
 z might h be5 se5 go+ on a little way  
(f at ! ,museum2 he1 on 8 "p1 taught !m 
deep & e>ne/ lessons 9 ! deepe/ & mo/   
e>ne/ ( all philosophies2 !y1 on !irs1  
prov$ t 8 words 7 p[] by ! sev]e/ ( all 
te/s--!y /ood firm 9 ! horrors ( a      
fe>ful p]secution1 & m ?an "o ( !m      
witness$ to !m by a cruel dea?4  ,z long
 z ! p]secution la/$1 any?+ l regul>ity 

& complet5ess 9 a "w l t ( ,orig5 0     
cle>ly impossible4 ,b a p]secution at   
,alex&ria1 ?\gh g5]ally furi\s z long z 
x la/$1 happily seldom la/$ v long4     
,popul> op9ion 01 no d\bt1 v bitt] aga9/
 ,*ri/ianity4 ,b popul> op9ion 0 "o ?+2 
! w ( ! pr9ce-gov]nor ano!r4 ,moreov]1 !
 popul> op9ion ( ! ,greek philosoph]s 0 
g5]ally diametrically oppos$ to t ( _!  
,roman ma/]s1 & ! beliefs & traditions (
 ! ,rhacotis t5d$ to ! in/ant           
ext]m9ation ( ! ,jews2 & ?\gh ^! f\r    
antagoni/ic elem5ts c\ld1 ^u occasion1 s
 f> =get _! diff]5ces z to unite 9 an   
onslaught aga9/ ! ,*ri/ians1 yet1 be=e  
long1 qu>rels arose & riots ensu$ among 
! alli$ p>ties to su* an ext5t t !      
legion>ies _h no *oice b to cle> !      
/reets 9 ! mo/ imp>tial mann]4 ,aga91 x 
is q c]ta9 t ! ,*ri/ian p>ty includ$ 9 x
 n a few m5 ( rank2 &1 :at is m         
important1 ( p[] & au?ority4 ,?is we "k 
f ! tr\ble ,/4 ,dionysius1 "o ( ,orig5's
 s*ol>s1 aft]w>d _h ) _m su* p]sons :o  
_h laps$ 9 ! ,decian p]secution4 ,z     

ev]y?+1 !re=e1 dep5d$ on ! humor ( !    
gov]nor1 & z ! gov]nor 01 z o!r m51     
liable to be influ5c$ by bribes         
sugge/ions1 & caprice1 a furi\s         
p]secution might sudd5ly die out1 & !   
,*ur* beg9 to enjoy comp>ative peace at 
! v "t :5 ?+s look$ wor/4 ,until ! ye>  
#baa1 ,adamantius taught1 /udi$1 pray$1 
& fa/$ amid/ di/urbance1 m>tyrdoms1 &   
flee+s f h\se to h\se2 b t ye> wr\ght a 
*ange1 n only 9 ,alex&ria1 b ov] ! :ole 
_w4 ,x 0 simply ! ye> ( ! dea? (        
,septimus ,sev]us at ,york1 & ( !       
accession ( ,c>acalla & ,geta2 b ?is 0  
an ev5t :i*1 if prec$5ts 7 to be tru/$1 
invit$ all ! nations t recogniz$ !      
,roman eagle to be ready = any *ange1   
h[ev] unreasonable1 beg9n+ ) ! s5ate1 & 
end+ ) ! ,*ri/ians4 ,x 01 probably1 9   
?is same ye>1 #baa1 t ,orig5 took       
advantage ( ! re/oration ( tranquillity 
to visit ! city & ,*ur* ( ,rome4 ,x w\ld
 seem t ?is episode ( 8 j\rney to ,rome 
has n be5 suffici5tly consid]$ 9 !      
great] "p ( ! acc\nts ( 8 life4         

,prote/ant writ]s1 z may be expect$1    
pass x ov] quietly1 ei!r b>ely m5tion+  
x1 or1 if !y d put a gloss ^u x1 conf9+ 
!mselves to g5]alities ab\t ! int]*ange 
( ideas or ! antiquity & r5[n ( ! ,roman
 ,*ur*4 ,b !re is evid5tly m 9 x ?an    
?is4 ,orig5 0 j tw5ty-six ye>s ( age3   
?\gh s "y1 he 0 already fam\s z a tea*] 
& a holy liv] 9 ! mo/ le>n$ ( cities1 & 
"o ( ! mo/ ascetical ( *ur*es4 ,8 "w 0  
imm5se1 & daily increas+4 ,on !         
cessation ( ! p]secution1 ! great s*ool 
0 to be reorganiz$1 & put once m into t 
?or\gh work+ ord] :i* _h made x s       
effective "u ,panta5us & ,clem5t4 ,yet1 
j at ?is busy crisis1 he hurries (f to  
,rome1 /ays !re a %ort "t1 & hurries    
back aga94 ,9 ! fir/ place1 :y g at all8
 ,:at c\ld ,rome or any o!r *ur* give   
him t he _h n already at ,alex&ria8 ,n  
sci5tific le>n+1 c]ta9ly2 n a sy/ematic 
#gcb organization ( "w2 n rev]5ce =     
,holy ,scripture2 n ! me?od ( confut+   
le>n$ philosophy4 ,aga93 :y g specially 
to ,rome8 ,0 !re n a high road1 easy &  

comp>atively %ort1 to ,caes>ea (        
,pale/9e1 & w\ld he n f9d !re facilities
 en\gh = ! int]*ange ( ?\ght8 ,= !re1   
ab\t fifte5 ye>s be=e1 _h assembl$ "o ( 
! fir/ c\ncils ev] held s9ce ! c\ncil ( 
,j]usalem4 ,0 !re n ,j]usalem1 ! cradle 
( ! ,*ur*8 ,x 0 !n1 inde$1 %orn ( its   
glory1 bo? spiritual & hi/orical2 = x 0 
subject1 at lea/ n sup]ior1 to ,caes>ea1
 & 0 kn[n to ! empire by ! "n ( ,aelia  
,capitol9a2 b its ag$ bi%op 0 a work] ( 
miracles4 ,0 !re n ,antio*1 ! great     
c5tral see ( busy1 intellectual ,syria1 
! see ( ,/4 ,!ophilus1 :]e9 sa9tly      
bi%ops on ! "o h&1 & ,m>cionite h]esy & 
,pas*al s*ism on ! o!r1 kept !          
traditions ( ! fai? bright & poli%$8 ,7 
!re n ! ,sev5 ,*ur*es8 ,0 !re n _m a    
"m-city betwe5 ! ,m$it]ranean & ! m\nta9
 ranges :]e apo/olic tea*+s 7 /rong yet1
 & apo/olic m5 yet rul$8 ,orig5's motive
 9 go+ to see ,rome is giv5 u by        
himself1 or1 r1 by 8 biograph] 9 8      
words2 b1 un=tunately1 9 su* an ambigu\s
 way t x is almo/ useless z an argum5t2 

he wi%$1 says ,eusebius1 to see ! v     
anci5t ,*ur* ( ,rome4 ,! ^w we h        
translat$ v anci5t 7,greek text7 may    
also mean1 z we ne$ n say1 fir/ 9       
dignity4 ,x is h>dly wor? :ile to argue 
^u x1 b x w n fail to /rike ! read] t   
,j]usalem & ,antio*1 n to m5tion o!r    
sees1 7 bo? old] ?an ,rome1 if age 0 !  
only recomm5dation4 ,orig5's visit to   
,rome1 !n1 is a v rem>kable ev5t 9 8    
life1 = x %[s und\bt$ly t ! *ief ( !    
greate/ s*ool ( ! ,*ur* f\nd he requir$ 
some?+ :i* c\ld only be obta9$ 9 ,rome1 
& t some?+ c only h be5 an approa* to ! 
*ief & supreme deposit>y ( tradition4   
,he 0 at ! v beg9n+ ( 8 c>e]1 & he c\ld 
beg9 no bett] ?an by invok+ ! bless+ ( t
 rock ( ! ,*ur* ( :om 8 ma/]1 ,clem5t1  
_h taught him to ?9k s nobly & lov+ly4  
,we %all see t1 _m a ye> aft] ?is1 9 !  
mid/ ( tr\bles & calumnies1 :5 8 great  
life 0 ne>ly clos$1 ! same see ( ,pet]  
receiv$ ! pr(essions & ob$i5ce ( 8 fail+
 voice1 z x _h witness$ & bless$ ! ardor
 ( 8 y\?4 ,he 0 n1 inde$1 ! fir/ :o1    

?\gh already great 9 8 own c\ntry1 _h   
be5 drawn t[>d a greatness :i* some?+   
told !m 0 )\t a rival4 ,?ree-qu>t]s ( a 
c5tury be=e ,rome _h attract$ f f>-(f   
,j]usalem t great ,/4 ,hegesippus1 !    
f\nd] ( *ur* hi/ory1 ^: works are lo/1 b
 ^: fame rema9s4 ,a conv]t f ,judaism1  
he left 8 native city1 travell$ to      
,rome1 & soj\rn$ !re = tw5ty ye>s1      
busily le>n+ & committ+ to writ+ ^?     
practices & traditions ( ! ,roman ,*ur* 
:i* he aft]w>d appe>s to h dissem9at$   
all ov] ! ,ea/1 & :i* he convey$1 t[>d !
 end ( 8 life1 to 8 own ,j]usalem1 :]e  
he di$4 ,f ,assyria & beyond ! ,tigris !
 p]fume ( ,rome _h entic$ ! great       
,tatian--happy if1 on 8 return1 he _h   
/ill kept pure t fai? :i*1 at ,rome1 he 
def5d$ s well aga9/ ,cresc5s ! cynic4 ,a
 great m9d & a widely cultivat$ g5ius   
f\nd ! sph]e ( its re/ 9 ,rome1 :5 ,/4  
,ju/9 f9i%$ 8 w&]+s !re & seal$ ! work+s
 ( 8 active intellect by %$d+ 8 blood at
 ! bidd+ ( ! rul+ clique (              
,/oics--philosophus et m>tyr z ! old    

m>tyrologies call him4 ,a fam\s "n1 too1
 is t ( ,rhodon1 ( ,asia1 well kn[n = 8 
/eady & able def5ce ( ! fai? aga9/      
,m>cionites & o!r h]etics4 ,^!1 & su* z 
^!1 _h come f ! _w's ends to visit !    
great apo/olic see be=e ,orig5's day    
dawn$4 ,b !re 7 o!rs1 & z great1 :om    
#gcc he may actually h met 9 ! city1    
ei!r on a visit l himself1 or because !y
 7 memb]s ( ! ,roman cl]gy4 ,!re 0 !    
great ,c>?ag9ian1 ,t]tullian1 :o1 = _m  
ye>s1 liv$1 le>n$1 & wrote 9 ,rome2 8   
works %[ h[ well he knew ! ,roman ,*ur*1
 & h[ (t5 aft]w>d he _h occasion1 9 8   
polemical battles1 to allude to !       
,ecclesia transm>9a z ,africa call$     
,rome4 ,a meet+ betwe5 ,orig5 &         
,t]tullian is a v sugge/ive idea2 ! only
 mis=tune is1 t we h no w>rant :atev] = 
suppos+ x beyond ! b>e possibility4 ,b  
by nam+ ,t]tullian we sugge/ "o view1 at
 lea/1 ( ! ecclesia/ical society :i*    
,orig5 w\ld meet :5 he visit$ ,rome4    
,ano!r celebrat$ man1 :om !re is m      
likelihood t ,orig5 did meet1 is !      

conv]t ,roman lawy]1 ,m9ucius ,felix1 :o
 employ$ 8 recogniz$ tal5ts & tra9$     
skill 9 vigor\s apologetic writ+s1 "o ( 
:i* we /ill possess4 ,a ?ird 0 ! prie/  
,caius1 "o ( ! ,roman cl]gy1 fam$ z !   
adv]s>y ( ,proclus ! ,montani/1 unless  
he _h already />t$ on 8 mission>y c>e] z
 region>y bi%op4 ,f9ally1 !re 0 ,/4     
,hippolytus1 :o1 l ,caius1 0 f ! s*ool (
 ,/4 ,ir5aeus1 & _h come f ,lyons to    
,rome1 :]e he seems to h be5 no unwor?y 
repres5tative ( 8 tea*]'s zeal aga9/    
h]etics4 ,ne>ly e /ep ( ! life ( ,/4    
,hippolytus is encumb]$ by ! ru9 ( a    
le>n$ !ory or ! useless rubbi% ( an     
ab&on$ position2 b he z f> z we c       
conjecture1 ! *ief sci5tific advis] ( ! 
,roman pontiffs 9 ! measures !y took at 
?is "t reg>d+ ,ea/] & aga9/ ! ,noetians4
 ,until sci5tific m5 h settl$ _!        
disputes z to :o 0 ! au?or ( !          
,philosophum5a1 or ,treatise aga9/ ,all 
,h]esies1 little m c be said ab\t ,/4   
,hippolytus4 ,! ,treatise itself1 h[ev]1
 ^: recov]y "s tw5ty ye>s ago excit$ s  

mu* int]e/1 mu/ h _h an au?or1 & x is   
ne>ly c]ta9 ! au?or mu/ h be5 "o ( !    
,roman cl]gy at ?is v "t4 ,x is /ill m  
c]ta9 t ! matt]s !re9 discuss$ mu/      
repres5t v completely "o view ( ,*ur*   
matt]s at ,rome 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! ?ird    
c5tury2 &1 !re=e1 ev5 if ,orig5 did n   
meet ! au?or 9 p]son1 he mu/ h met _m :o
 ?\ght z he did4 ,n[ x is r int]e/+ to  
read ! ,philosophum5a 9 ?is light1 & to 
conjecture :at ,orig5 w\ld ?9k ( "s (   
its views4 ,! lead+ idea ( ! "w1 :i* is 
n ev5 yet extant complete1 is to prove t
 all h]esies h sprung f ,greek          
philosophy4 ,?is x attempts to d by     
detail+1 fir/1 ! sy/ems ( ! philosoph]s1
 !n ^? ( ! h]etics1 & %[+ _! mutual     
connection4 ,! sc&al\s attack on ,/4    
,calli/us1 9 ! n9? book1 may or may n be
 an int]polation by a lat] h&2 if n1 !  
au?or mu/ h be5 mu* m +5i\s ?an         
reputable4 ,!re is no d5y+ ! hi/orical &
 lit]>y value ( ! ,treatise2 b :]e x    
pr(esses to draw d$uctions & to give    
philosophical analyses ( sy/ems1 x seems

 ( comp>atively mod]ate wor?4 ,=        
in/ance1 ! au?or's analysis &           
appreciation ( ! philosophy ( ,ari/otle 
is little bett] ?an a libel on ! great  
mae/ro di lor *i sanno2 & ,basilides1   
?\gh d\btless a clev] p]sonage 9 8 way1 
c h>dly h tak5 ! tr\ble to g s f> = !   
small am\nt ( philosophy t seasons 8    
fanta/ical speculations4 ,b a g5]al     
op9ion resembl+ ! op9ion ma9ta9$ 9 !    
,treatise seems to h be5 common 9 !     
,we/2 & :5 ,t]tullian says ( !          
philosophy ( ,plato t x 0 ha]eticorum   
omnium condim5t>ium1 he 0 d\btless      
express+ ! idea ( _m beside himself4 ,to
 ,orig51 fre% f ! s*ool ( ,clem5t & !   
atmosph]e ( ,alex&ria1 su* language mu/ 
h s\nd$ />tl+1 to say ! lea/1 & we _c   
help feel+ he w\ld be r #gcd sorry1 if n
 indignant1 to he> ! great names he _h  
be5 taught to ?9k ( ) s mu* admiration &
 compassion unfeel+ly c>icatur$ into a  
relation%ip ( pat]nity ) su* m5 z !     
f\nd]s ( ,gno/icism4 ,he does n appe> to
 h be5 v famili> yet ) ! ,greek sy/ems2 

!y _h n come specially 9 8 way1 ?\gh he 
_h he>d ( !m 9 ! ,*ri/ian s*ools1 & !re 
is little d\bt t he _h already se5 !    
necessity ( /udy+ !m m closely1 z he    
actually did on 8 return to ,alex&ria4  
,:at effect ! views ( ! ,we/]n ,*ur* _h 
on 8 tea*+1 & h[ he treat$ !            
philosoph]s1 we %all h to consid] 9 !   
sequel4 ,mean:ile1 8 /ay at ,rome 0 ov]2
 he _h /udi$ ! fai? & h]esy1 discipl9e &
 s*ism1 *ur* organization & sect>ian    
rebellion1 9 ! mo/ important c5tre ( !  
:ole ,*ur*1 & 8 s*ool at ,alex&ria 0    
await+ him1 to reap ! b5efit ( 8 j\rney4
  ,on ! return ( ,orig5 to ,alex&ria1 x 
w\ld almo/ appe> z if he _h wi%$ to     
decl9e1 = a "t1 ! (fice ( *ief ( !      
,cate*isms4 ,! hi/orian tells u t he    
only resum$ x at ! /rongly express$     
desire ( 8 bi%op1 ,demetrius1 :o 0      
anxi\s = ! pr(it & advantage ( ! bre?r54
 ,p]haps he wi%$ = great] leisure ?an   
su* a po/ w\ld p]mit (1 9 ord] to c>ry  
into execution c]ta9 projects t 7 =m+ 9 
8 m9d4 ,b nei!r ! patri>* nor 8 s*ol>s  

w\ld he> ( 8 giv+ up1 & s he _h to      
settle to 8 "w aga92 :i* he did1 says   
,eusebius1 ) ! greate/ zeal1 z he did   
ev]y?+4 ,f ?is "t1 ) "o or two %ort     
int]ruptions1 he liv$ & taught 9        
,alex&ria = tw5ty ye>s4 ,8 life z an    
au?oritative tea*] & ma/] 9 ,israel may 
be said to comm5ce f ?is po9t4 ,x 0 an  
epo* resembl+ 9 "s degree t o!r epo*1   
?irty ye>s be=e1 :5 ,panta5us _h be5    
call$ ^u to take ! *>ge ( *ief tea*] 9 !
 ,alex&rian ,*ur*4 ,n[1 z !n1 ! w9t] ( a
 p]secution _h pass$1 & ! season 0 sunny
 & promis+4 ,n[1 z !n1 m5 7 high 9 hope1
 & set to "w ) valiant he>ts to repair !
 brea*es ! /raggle _h left1 & to re/ore 
to ! rock-built =tress t glory &        
comel9ess t became h] s well2 b ) :i*1  
if ne$ 01 %e c\ld securely disp5se4 ,b  
!re 0 no slight diff]5ce betwe5 #ahj &  
#baa4 ,! tide ( ,*ri/ianity _h ris5     
p]ceptibly all ov] ! ,*ur*2 mo/ ( all on
 ! %ores ( its greate/ sci5tific c5tre4 
,! possibility ( appeal+ to ^? :o _h    
he>d ! apo/les _h long be5 pa/1 b n[ ev5

 ! disciples ( ,polyc>p1 ,simeon1 &     
,ignatius _h disappe>$2 in/ead (        
,ir5aeus !re 0 ,hippolytus1 & ,demetrius
 ( ,alex&ria 0 ! elev5? successor ( ,/4 
,m>k4 ,h]etics _h multipli$1 que/ions _h
 be5 ask$1 tradition 0 develop+ itself1 
dogma 0 be+ fix$4 ,! =m ( tea*+ 01      
!re=e1 9 process ( *ange z o!r ?+s      
*ang$4 ,great] precision1 m positive    
!ology1 a m con/ant look-out = :at      
au?ority _h said or might say--^!       
necessities w\ld make ! tea*]'s (fice m 
difficult1 ev5 if m def9ite4 ,! position
 ( ! ,*ur* t[>d its enemies1 also1 0    
s5sibly *ang+4 ,! ga9-say]s 7 n ( ! same
 class z _h be5 address$ by ,/4         
,!ophilus or ,/4 ,ju/94 ,! /ate ( ?+s _h
 gr[n m di/9ctly m>k$4 ,*ri/ianity 0 no 
long] an idea t might1 9 a bur/ ( noble 
rhetoric1 be made to set on fire1 = a   
mom5t1 ev5 ! camp ( ! enemy4 ,x 0 n[    
kn[n to ! ,g5tile _w z a /]n & unyield+ 
praxis2 susceptible1 p]haps1 ( sci5tific
 & lit]>y treatm5t1 b q di/9ct f bo?    
sci5ce & lett]s4 ,en?usia/ic b timid    

dilettanti _h lo/ _! en?usiasm1 & gave  
full scope to _! fe>s4 ,amiable         
philosoph]s took back ! "r h& (         
fell[%ip1 & retreat$ beh9d ^? :o1 by a  
#gce special in/9ct1 _h always refus$ to
 be amiable1 & n[ ?\ght !mselves m      
ju/ifi$ ?an ev]4 ,on ! ,*ri/ian side !  
w> _h lo/ mu* ( ! adv5ture :i*          
accompanies ! fir/ da%+ inroads into an 
enemy's c\ntry4 ,surprises 7 n s easy1  
sy/ematic opposition 0 frequ5t1 & _!    
writ]s 7 oblig$ to fight by tactics1 & 9
 ! prosaic array ( argum5t = argum5t4   
,docum5ts1 moral te/imony1 in/itutions1 
7 ! objects ( attack f )\t4 ,! apo/les 7
 vilifi$1 fai? 0 prov$ to be irrational1
 ! ,bible 0 rank$ ) ,syrian impo/ures & 
,jewi% *>m-books4 ,& "h1 9 ! matt] ( !  
,bible1 0 a mighty ent]prise = !        
,*ri/ian tea*]4 ,! canon _h n yet be5   
(ficially promulgat$4 ,a g5]ation t w\ld
 despise an apocryphal book ( ,hom] or a
 false ,orphic hymn w\ld n be easily    
satisfi$ ) ! cr$5tials ( a religion4    
,great1 !n1 w\ld be t ,*ri/ian tea*] :o 

%\ld at once tea* ! fai?ful1 & yet n    
take away f ! fai?2 w9 ! philosoph]s1 & 
yet fight !m h& to h&2 & give to ! _w a 
critical edition ( ! ,bible1 yet hold   
fa/ to anci5t tradition4 ,su* 0 ! "w (  
,orig54  ,he began by ext]nal           
organization2 he divid$ ! multitudes t  
flock$ to ! ,cate*isms into two gr&     
classes2 "o ( ^? :o 7 comm5c+1 ano!r (  
^? :o 7 m advanc$4 ,! =m] class he gave 
to 8 fir/ conv]t1 ,h]aclas2 ! latt] he  
kept to himself4 ,h]aclas 0 skill$ 9    
!ology1 & 9 o!r respects a v eloqu5t    
man2 &1 moreov]1 he 0 fairly conv]sant )
 philosophy1 ?ree qualifications 9 an   
,alex&rian cate*i/ none ( :i* c\ld be   
disp5s$ )4 ,9 any case1 ! division 0 a  
matt] ( absolute necessity1 = ^!        
extraord9>y ,alex&rian s*ol>s1 models & 
patt]ns t des]ve to be imitat$ m        
ext5sively ?an !y h be51 gave him no    
respite & kept no regul> s*ool-h\rs1 b  
cr[d$ 9 & out f morn+ till night2 n ev5 
a brea?+-space did !y af=d him1 says 8  
biograph]4 ,9 su* circum/ances !ological

 /udy & scriptural labors 7 out ( ! "q1 
ev5 if he _h be5 ! man ( adamant t 8    
admir]s1 ) ! true ,alex&rian passion =  
nicknames1 _h already begun to call him4
 ,he !re=e look$ ab\t among 8 famili>s1 
^? ( 8 disciples :o _h atta*$ !mselves  
to him & liv$ ) him a life ( /udy &     
asceticism2 & f !m he *ose out ,h]aclas1
 ! bro!r ( ! m>tyr$ ,plut>*us1 to be !  
*ief associate ( 8 "w4  ,x ne$ n be aga9
 m5tion$ t ,orig5's "w1 z t ( ,panta5us 
& ( ,clem5t be=e him1 _h ?ree classes ( 
p]sons to deal )--cate*um5s1 h]etics1 & 
philosoph]s4 ,8 deal+s ) ! h]etics &    
philosoph]s w be treat$ ( m             
appropriately :5 we come to consid] 8   
j\rneys1 ! mo/ important ( :i* occurr$  
aft] ! expiration ( ! tw5ty ye>s ) :i*  
we are n[ conc]n$4 ,z ! s*ool (         
,alex&ria 0 *iefly & prim>ily connect$ )
 ! cate*um5s1 ! acc\nt ( ! tw5ty ye>s ( 
8 presid5cy w naturally be conc]n$      
*iefly & prim>ily ) ! latt]1 t is to    
say1 ) ^? :om t great s*ool und]took to 
in/ruct 9 fai? & discipl9e4 ,& "h we    

approa* & /& close b5ea? "o side ( t    
monum5tal fane t be>s ^u x = all        
g5]ations ! "n ( ,orig54 ,! neophytes ( 
,alex&ria 7 *iefly taught out ( "o book2
 x 0 ! cu/om h&$ f tea*] to tea*]2 ea*  
held up ! book & expla9$ x1 accord+ to !
 unv>y+ tradition ( ! anci5ts4 ,= two   
hundr$ & t5 ye>s ! "w _h gone on2 b "t  
has de/roy$ ne>ly e trace ( :at 0 writt5
 & spok54 ,= ! fir/ "t s9ce ,/4 ,m>k    
wrote ! gospel1 ,alex&ria speaks n[ 9   
hi/ory ) a voice t %all comm5ce a new   
era 9 ! hi/ory ( #gcf ,holy ,scripture4 
,pantaemus _h writt5 ,comm5t>ies on !   
:ole ( ! ,bible2 ,clem5t _h left1 9 !   
,hypotyposes1 a summ>y exposition ( all 
! canonical ,scripture1 n =gett+ a      
glance at ! ,contradictions ( h]etics4  
,bo? ^! writ+s h p]i%$ long ago4 ,:5    
,orig5 came1 9 8 turn1 to take ! same "w
 9 h&1 a press+ want soon =c$ itself ^u 
8 m9d4 ,!re 0 no au!ntic v]sion ( !     
sacr$ ,^w4 ,! ,new ,te/am5t canon 0 /ill
 unc]ta91 "o ,*ur* uphold+ a great]     
numb] ( books1 ano!r less4 ,! ,roman    

canon 01 inde$1 f ! fir/ id5tical ) !   
,trid5t9e 7see ,p]rone1 ,de ,locis      
,!ologicis74 ,b ! ,*ur* ( ,antio*1 e4g41
 ignor$ no less ?an five ( ! canonical  
books4 ,alex&ria1 well suppli$ ) le>n$  
expositors1 & n a little influ5c$ by !  
native ,alex&rian in/9ct = criticism &  
gramm>1 _h got fur!r 9 ! developm5t ( ! 
canon ?an ! majority ( its si/]s4 ,yet1 
s f>1 !re _h h>dly be5 any di/9ct       
int]f]5ce on ! "p ( au?ority1 & ?\gh1 z 
we %all see1 ,orig5's ,new ,te/am5t     
canon 0 ! same z t ( ! ,c\ncil ( ,tr5t1 
yet !re 7 n want+ private writ]s :o     
express$ d\bts ab\t ! ,epi/le to !      
,hebrews or ! ,apocalypse4 ,"o ?+1      
h[ev]1 is v cle> 9 all ^! some:at       
tr\blesome disputes ab\t ! canon2 :e!r  
we turn to ,t]tullian 9 ,africa1 to ,/4 
,j]ome 9 ,italy1 to ,/4 ,ir5aeus 9 !    
,we/1 or to ,clem5t & ,orig5 9 ! ,ea/1  
we f9d "o gr& & l>ge crit]ion put =? z !
 te/ ( all au!nticity1 viz41 ! tradition
 ( ! anci5ts4 ,g to ! olde/ *ur*es1 says
 ,/4 ,ir5aeus4 ,! true/1 says           

,t]tullian1 is ! olde/2 ! olde/ is :at  
always 02 :at always 0 is f ! apo/les2 g
 !re=e to ! *ur*es ( ! apo/les1 & f9d   
:at is !re held sacr$4 ,we mu/ n        
transgress ! b\nds set by our fa!rs1    
says ,orig54 ,x took sev]al c5turies to 
complete ?is process2 b ! pr9ciple 0 a  
/rong & a liv+ "o1 & its work+ out 0    
only a matt] ( "t4 ,x 0 work$ out some?+
 9 ?is fa%ion4 ,a prov9cial presbyt]1 we
 w say f ,pelusium1 or ,sy5e1 or        
,ars9oe1 came up to ,alex&ria 7he may   
easily h done s1 ?anks to ! police      
arrangem5ts & eng9e]+ ent]prise (       
,ptolemy ,philadelphus72 hav+ mu*       
ecclesia/ical news to communicate1 &    
p]haps important bus9ess to arrange on !
 "p ( 8 bi%op1 he w\ld be ?r[n into     
close contact ) ! presbyt]y ( !         
metropolitan ,*ur*4 ,let u suppose t1 9 
ord] to support "s po9t ( practical     
morality1 t\*+ ! laps$ or ! conv]ts1 he 
quot$ ,h]mas' ,%eph]d z canonical       
,scripture4 ,! ar*deacon ) :om he 0     
argu+ w\ld demur to su* an au?ority2 let

 him quote ,paul1 or ,jude1 or ,pet]1 or
 ,john1 b n ,h]nias2 ,h]nias 0 n 9 !    
canon4 ,! presbyt] f ! prov9ces w\ld be 
a little amaz$ & ev5 ruffl$2 h[ c\ld he 
say x 0 n 9 ! canon :5 he himself _h    
he>d x read on ! ,"l's day be=e ! sacr$ 
my/]ies 9 ! patri>*al ,*ur*1 9 ! pres5ce
 ( ! v patri>* himself1 seat$ on 8      
?rone1 & surr\nd$ by ! cl]gy8 ,a        
canonical book meant a book )9 ! ,*ur*'s
 g5]al rule 7,greek text71 & ! rule ( ! 
,*ur* 0 t a book read at su* a "t 0     
!reby decl>$ true ,scripture4 ,!        
ar*deacon w\ld reply t ! presbyt] 0 "r 9
 ! ma91 bo? z to facts & pr9ciples2 b   
w\ld po9t out t at ,alex&ria !y _h a set
 ( books :i* 7 read at ! solemn "t he   
m5tion$1 beside regul> ,scripture2 & if 
he _h kn[n _! usages bett]1 or if he _h 
ask$ any ( ! cl]gy1 or ! patri>*1 he    
w\ld be aw>e t su* writ+s 7 only read to
 ! p z pi\s exhortations1 n def9$ z !   
repository ( ! fai?4 ,! presbyt] w\ld   
consid] ?is inconv5i5t1 & w\ld d\btless 
be "r 9 ?9k+ s4 ,! practice 0 #gcg      

condemn$ by v>i\s c\ncils 9 ! next      
c5tury4 ,b he w\ld at once admit t if ! 
tradition 7 s1 !n ! ,alex&rian ,*ur*    
c]ta9ly appe>$ to reject ,h]nias4 ,b he 
w\ld h ano!r difficulty4 ,did n ,clem5t1
 ( bless$ memory1 consid] ,h]nias z     
au!ntic1 or1 at any rate1 ! ,epi/le (   
,b>nabas1 :i* 0 q a p>allel case8 ,& did
 n ,orig5 7:om we suppose to be !n      
tea*+7 call ! ,%eph]d div9ely inspir$8  
,x 0 true1 ! ar*deacon w\ld rejo91 t bo?
 ,clem5t 9 =m] ye>s & ,orig5 !n spoke v 
highly ( sev]al writ+s ( ?is class2 b he
 mu/ ref] him once m to ! au?oritative  
tradition ( ! ,alex&rian ,*ur*1 to be   
le>n$1 9 ! la/ in/ance1 f ! lips (      
,demetrius himself3 ?is w\ld at once %[ 
t ,clem5t & ,orig5 c\ld n mean to put   
,h]nias on a level ) ,paul1 & ,orig5    
himself w\ld c]ta9ly admit s mu*1 if he 
7 ask$4 ,! presbyt] w\ld inquire1 dur+ 8
 /ay1 ( ! heads ( ! ,cate*etical s*ool1 
( ! anci5t prie/s1 & ( ! patri>*2 he    
w\ld be satisfi$ t :at ! ar*deacon said 
0 true2 & he w\ld return to 8 city on ! 

,r$ ,sea1 or at ! extremity ( ! ,!baid1 
or on ! nor?-we/]n coa/ ( ! cont95t1 )  
au!ntic intellig5ce t ! ,apo/olic ,*ur* 
( ,alex&ria reject$ ,h]mas f !          
,scripture canon1 & t1 !re=e1 x c]ta9ly 
ought to be reject$ by 8 own ,*ur*4 ,he 
w\ld1 p]haps1 9 addition to ?is1 br+ !  
in=mation t ! metropolitan ,*ur*1 s he  
_h f\nd out 9 8 rese>*es1 upheld !      
,epi/le to ! ,hebrews1 or ! ,apocalypse 
( ! ,apo/le ,john1 to be true & g5u9e   
,scripture2 w\ld x n1 !re=e1 be well to 
consid] :e!r ^! also %\ld n be admitt$  
by !mselves8 ,9 ?is way1 or 9 "s way    
analog\s1 ! ,*ur*es t lay )9 !          
circumscription ( a patri>*al or        
apo/olic see w\ld by degrees be l$ to   
con=m _! canon to ! canon ( ! pr9cipal  
,*ur*4 ,z "t w5t on1 ! great            
metropolitan sees !mselves became gr\p$ 
r\nd ! ?ree gr& c5tres ( ,alex&ria1     
,antio*1 & ,rome2 &1 f9ally1 9 ! process
 ( ! developm5t ( tradition1 at lea/ z  
e>ly z ,a4,d4 #hjj1 ! :ole ,*ur* _h     
adopt$ ! canon z approv$ by ,rome 9 !   

decretal ( ,innoc5t ,i4 ,x is1 !re=e1 a 
rem>kable fact t ,orig5 quotes ! canon (
 ! ,new ,te/am5t precisely z x n[ /&s 9 
! ,vulgate4 ,x w\ld h>dly be true to say
 t he =mally /ates z exclusively au!ntic
 ! complete li/ ( ! ,ca?olic canon2 b t 
he does enum]ate x is c]ta94 ,moreov]1 9
 addition to ! rem>kable correctness ( 8
 inve/igations on ! canon1 ,orig5 did   
mu*1 9 o!r ways1 = a book t 0           
emphatically ! textbook ( 8 s*ool4 ,!   
exempl>s 9 g5]al use 7 9 a mo/          
unsatisfactory /ate3 !re 7 h>dly two    
alike4 ,writ]s _h be5 c>eless1 audaci\s 
innovators _h ins]t$ _! int]polations1  
hone/ b mi/ak5 bungl]s _h add$ & tak5   
away :5ev] ! s5se seem$ to require x4 ,x
 is ,orig5 himself :o makes ^!          
compla9ts1 & nobody _h bett] occasion to
 "k h[ true !y 74 ,! manuscript us$ 9 ! 
great ,*ur* probably diff]$ f t us$ by !
 *ief cate*i/2 81 aga91 diff]$ f e "o ( 
^? br\ght to class by ! weal?i] ( 8     
s*ol>s4 ,"o w\ld br+ up a copy ( ,/4    
,mat!w's ,gospel1 :i*1 on inve/igation1 

w\ld turn out to be full ( ,naz>ite or  
,ebionite improvem5ts--ano!r w\ld h an  
,acts ( ! ,apo/les1 :i* _h be5 bequea!d 
to him by "s v5]able ,judaizant1 & :]e9 
,/4 ,james ( ,j]usalem w\ld be f\nd to h
 assum$ m importance ?an ,/4 ,luke 0    
g5]ally suppos$ to h giv5 him4 ,a ?ird  
w\ld h a copy s full ( mon/r\s          
corruptions 9 ! way ( mutilation &      
delib]ate h]etical gloss+1 t ! or?odox  
e>s ( ! #gch ma/] w\ld c]ta9ly h detect$
 a quotation f x 9 two l9es3 x w\ld be  
"o ( ,val5t9e's editions4 ,a f\r?1 newly
 arriv$ f "s place :]e ,t]tullian _h    
nev] be5 he>d (1 w\ld appe> ) a bulky   
set ( volum9a1 :i* ,orig5 w\ld f9d to 8 
great disgu/ to be ! ,new ,te/am5t      
accord+ to ,m>cion4 ,t fir/ & *ief (    
reckless falsifi]s _h circumcis$ ! ,new 
,te/am5t1 z ,/4 ,ir5aeus calls x1 to su*
 an ext5t t he _h to inv5t a quantity ( 
new ,acts & ,apocalypses to keep up     
appe>ances1 & :at he reta9$ he _h freely
 cut & tortur$ into ,m>cionism2 = he    
said op5ly t ! apo/les 7 mod]ately      

well-in=m$1 b t 8 lights 7 f> 9 advance 
( !m4 ,su* examples z ^! are1 ( c\rse1  
extremes2 b ev5 9 or?odox copies !re mu/
 h be5 a bewild]+ numb] ( v>iantes4     
,orig5's position w\ld br+ him into     
contact ) exempl>s f _m di/ant *ur*es4  
,! "w ( copy+ fre% ones = ! missions1 or
 to supply ! wants ( ! prov9ces1 w\ld   
necessitate "s *oice ( manuscripts2 & 9 
a matt] s important1 we may be sure t 8 
cate*i/s1 fell[-t[nsm5 ( ,ari/>*us1 r   
enjoy$ ?an o!rwise ! vigor\s critical   
disputes :i* ! collation ( ,,mss4 has a 
special t5d5cy to eng5d]4 ,x is ne>ly   
e/abli%$--inde$1 we may say1 x is       
c]ta9--t ,orig5 wrote a copy ( ! ,new   
,te/am5t ) 8 own h&4 ,x 0 n a new       
edition1 app>5tly1 b a correct$ copy ( !
 g5]ally receiv$ v]sion4 ,he correct$ ! 
blund]s ( copyi/s2 he /ruck out ( ! text
 ev]y?+ t 0 evid5tly a m]e gloss2 he    
re-ins]t$ :at _h cle>ly dropp$ out by   
mis*ance1 & adopt$ a few read+s t 7     
unmi/akable improvem5ts4 ,b he made no  
alt]ation ( ! text on m]e conjecture4   

,h[ev] faulty a read+ might seem1 he    
nev] *ang$ x )\t au?ority2 he _h too mu*
 rev]5ce = ,holy ,scripture1 & probably1
 also1 too bitt] an exp]i5ce (          
conjectural em5dations1 to sanction su* 
dang]\s proce$+s by 8 own practice4 ,?is
 preci\s copy1 ! fruit ( 8 labors &     
/udy1 ! deposit>y ( 8 wide exp]i5ce1 & !
 record ( 8 adamant9e indu/ry1 0        
app>5tly ! "o f :i* he himself always   
quot$1 &1 !re=e1 we may conclude1 :i* he
 always us$4 ,x lay1 aft] 8 dea?1 9 !   
ar*ives ( ,caes>ea ( ,pale/9e1 ) 8 o!r  
,biblical ,,mss4 ,pamphilus ! ,m>tyr is 
relat$ to h copi$ x2 & 9 ! "t (         
,con/ant9e1 ,eusebius s5t _m transcripts
 ( x to ! imp]ial city4 ,eusebius       
himself copi$ x ) all ! rev]5ce he w\ld 
necess>ily feel = 8 h]o1 ,orig52 & by   
means ( 8 copy1 or ( copies made by 8   
direction1 x became ! basis ( t rec5sion
 ( ! ,new ,te/am5t kn[n z ! ,alex&r9e4  
,/4 ,j]ome 0 well acqua9t$ ) ! libr>y ( 
,caes>ea1 & (t5 m5tions ! ,codices      
,adamantii :i* he 0 privileg$ to consult

 !re2 & we ne$ n rem9d ! read] ( !      
well-kn[n agreem5t ( ! ,lat9 v]sions )  
^? ( ,pale/9e & ,alex&ria4 ,n[ ,pale/9e 
meant--fir/1 ,j]usalem1 :]e 0 !         
celebrat$ libr>y =m$ by ,/4 ,alex&]1    
,orig5's own college fri5d & an         
,alex&ria man1 z we %\ld say1 & p>tly "u
 ,orig5's influ5ce2 &1 secondly1        
,caes>ea1 :i* inh]it$ ,orig5's          
traditions & tea*+1 at lea/ equally )   
,alex&ria1 z we %all see lat] on1 & 9   
:i* ! orig9als ( 8 works 7 pres]v$ )    
religi\s v5]ation1 until w> & sack (    
,p]sian or ,moslem de/roy$ !m4 ,?us ! "w
 ( ,orig5 on ! ,new ,te/am5t1 begun &   
ma9ly c>ri$ out dur+ ^? tw5ty ye>s at   
,alex&ria1 is liv+ & active at ?is v    
day4 ,b if ! ,new ,te/am5t ne$$ sett+ to
 rights1 x 0 correct & accurate 9       
comp>ison ) ! ,old4 ,h[ he treat$ !     
,septuag9t1 & h[ ! ,hexapla & !         
,tetrapla grew "u nimble h&s & le>n$    
heads1 we mu/ = ! pres5t def] to tell4  
#gci  ,f ,! ,=tnightly ,review4         
,,m>t9',s ,,puzzle4  ,i4    ,!re %e goes

 up ! /reet ) h] book 9 h] h&1     ,& h]
 ,good morn+1 ,m>t96 ,ay1 lass1 h[ d'ye 
d8   ,v well1 ?ank y1 ,m>t96 ,i c't     
und]/&2     ,i might j z well nev] h    
cobbl$ a %oe6   ,i c't und]/& x4 ,%e    
talks l a song3     ,h] voice takes y\r 
e> l ! r+ ( a glass2   ,%e seems to give
 gladness :ile limp+ along2     ,yet    
s9n] ne'er suff]$ l t little lass4      
,,ii4    ,n[1 ,i'm a r\gh fell[--:at's  
happ5'd to me8     ,s9ce la/ ,i left    
,falm\? ,i've n _h a fight   ,) a m9]   
come d[n = a dip 9 ! sea2     ,i cobble 
cont5t$ f morn+ to night4   ,! ,"l gives
 me all t a man %\ld require2           
,protects me1 & cuddles me up1 z x 74   
,b :at h ,i done to be sav$ f ! fire8   
,& :y does 8 puni%m5t fall ^u h]8       
,,iii4    ,fir/1 a fool ( a boy ran h]  
d[n ) a c>t4     ,!n1 h] fool ( a       
fa!r--a blacksmi? by trade--   ,:y !    
deuce does he tell u x hah broke 8 he>t8
     ,8 he>t6--:]e's ! leg ( ! poor     
little maid6   ,well1 t's n en\gh2 !y   
mu/ pu% h] d[n/airs1     ,to make h] g  

crook$3 b :y c\nt ! li/8   ,if x's "r to
 suppose t our human affairs     ,are   
all ord]'d by heav5--!re1 bang goes my  
fi/6  ,,iv4    ,= if angels c look on   
su* sights--nev] m9d6     ,:5 y're next 
to blasphem+1 x's be/ to be mum4   ,!   
p>son decl>es t h] woes w]5't design'd2 
,b1 !n1 ) ! p>son x's all k+dom-come4   
,lose a leg1 save a s\l --a conv5i5t    
text2     ,i call x ,tea doctr9e1 n     
savor+ ( ,god4   ,:5 poor little ,molly 
wants *a/5+1 :y1 next--     ,! ,ar*angel
 ,mi*ael might ta/e ( ! rod4  #gdj  ,v4 
,b1 to see ! poor d>l+ g limp+ = miles  
,to read books to sick p6--& j ( an age 
,:5 girls le>n ! mean+ ( ribbons &      
smiles1--     ,makes me feel l a        
squirrel t turns 9 a cage4   ,! m ,i pu%
 ?9k+1 ! m ,i resolve3     ,i nev] get  
fur!r3--& z to h] face1   ,x />ts up :5 
ne> on my puzzle ,i solve1     ,& says1 
,?is cru%'d body seems su* a sad case4  
,,vi4    ,n t %e's = compla9+3 %e reads 
to e>n p5ce2     ,& f ^? :o c't pay1    
simple ?anks are en\gh4   ,does %e leave

 lam5tation = *aps )\t s5se8            
,h[soev]1 %e's made up ( wond]ful /uff4 
,ay1 ! s\l 9 h] body mu/ be a /\t cord2 
,%e s+s little hymns at ! close ( ! day1
   ,?\gh %e has b ?ree f+]s to lift to !
 ,"l1     ,& only "o leg to kneel d[n ) 
to pray4  ,,vii4    ,:at ,i ask is1 ,:y 
p]secute su* a poor de>1     ,if !re's  
law above all8 ,answ] t if y c6         
,irreligi\s ,i'm n2 b ,i look on ?is    
sph]e     ,z a place :]e a man %\ld j   
?9k l a man4   ,x isn't fair deal+6 ,b1 
contr>iwise1     ,d bullets 9 battle !  
wick$ select8   ,:y1 !n x's all         
*ance-"w6 ,& yet1 9 h] eyes1     ,%e    
hold's a fix$ some?+ by :i* ,i am       
*eck'd4  ,,viii4    ,yond] ribbon (     
sun%9e aslope on ! wall1     ,if y eye x
 a m9ute1 'll h ! same look3   ,s k9d6 &
 s m]ciful6 ,god ( u all6     ,x's ! v  
same lesson we get f ?y book4   ,!n is  
life b a trial8 ,is t :at is meant8     
,"s mu/ toil1 & "s p]i%1 = o!rs bel[3   
,! inju/ice to ea* spreads a common     
cont5t2     ,ay6 ,i've lo/ x aga91 = x  

c't be q s4  ,,ix4    ,%e's ! victim (  
fools3 t seems ne>] ! m>k4     ,on e>?  
!re are eng9es & num]\s fools4   ,:y !  
,"l c p]mit !m1 we're /ill 9 ! d>k2     
,he does1 & 9 "s sort ( way !y're 8     
tools4   ,x's a r\ndab\t way1 ) respect 
let me add1     ,if ,molly goes crippl$ 
t we may be taught3   ,b1 p]haps1 x's ! 
only way1 ?\gh x's s bad2     ,9 t case 
we'll b[ d[n our heads1 z we ought4     
#gda  ,x4    ,b ! wor/ ( me is1 t :5 ,i 
b[ my head1     ,i p]ceive a ?\ght      
wriggl+ away 9 ! du/1   ,& ,i foll[ its 
tracks1 q =getful1 in/ead     ,( humble 
acceptance3 =1 "q ,i mu/6   ,"h's a     
creature made c>efully--c>efully made   
,put toge!r ) craft1 & !n /ampt on1 &   
:y8   ,! answ] seems n[h]e3 x's discord 
t's play'd4     ,! sky's a blue di%6--an
 implacable sky6  ,,xi4    ,/op a mom5t4
 ,i seize an idea f ! pit4     ,!y tell 
u t discord1 ?\gh discord1 alone1   ,c  
be h>mony :5 ! notes prop]ly fit3       
,am ,i judg+ all ?+s f a s+le false     
tone8   ,is ! univ]se "o imm5se organ1 t

 rolls     ,f devils to angels8 ,i'm    
bl9d ) ! sight4   ,x p\rs su* a spl5dor 
on heaps ( poor s\ls6     ,suppose ,i   
try kneel+ ) ,molly to-night4  ,,george 
,,m]$i?4  ------  ,translat$ f ,d]      
,ka?olik4  ,,! ,,two ,,sides ,,(        
,,ca?olicism4  ,?ird & conclud+         
,article4   ,,iv4 ,,! ,,he>t ,,( ,,!    
,,*ur*4  ,*ri/ approves himself z ! head
 ( ! ,*ur* inasmu* z h] individual      
memb]s are subject to 8 guidance1 & live
 & move 9 him4  ,footnote #aea ,?is     
protract$ influ5ce ( ,*ri/ is ex]cis$ by
 means ( an innate h>moniz+ & vivify+   
pr9ciple ( ! ,*ur*4 ,we h arriv$ at !   
he>t ( ! ,*ur*4 ,our anci5t !ology be/[s
 ?is epi!t on ! ,holy ,gho/4  ,footnote 
#aeb  ,! ,*ur* receives ! ,holy ,gho/   
?r\gh ,*ri/4 ,su* is ! doctr9e (        
,scripture1 cle>ly express$4 ,jesus     
promises 8 disciples to s5d !m aft] 8   
dep>ture ! ,holy ,_s1 ! ,_s ( tru?1 9   
:om !y w f9d a comp5sation = ! ,ma/]4 ,=
 x is ! function ( ! ,_s to te/ify (    
,*ri/1 & to br+ all ?+s to ! remembrance

 ( ! ,*ur*1 :atsoev] ,jesus has said4   
,?us are all ?+s taught unto ! ,*ur*4   
,?is efficacy1 :i* has ! glory ( ,*ri/ =
 its aim1 ! ,holy ,gho/ d]ives f !      
fulness ( ,*ri/'s ,godhead1 de meo      
accipiet4 ,! ,holy ,gho/ 0 n giv5 until 
aft] ,jesus 0 glorifi$4 ,*ri/ be+       
exalt$1 & hav+ receiv$ ! ,holy ,gho/    
promis$ ( ! ,fa!r1 %$s =? ! ,_s ^u !    
,*ur*4 ,ev5 ! prior inspiration ( !     
apo/les 0 ! result ( an act ( ,*ri/4    
,jesus brea!d on !m & said unto !m1     
,receive ye ! ,holy ,gho/4    ,footnote 
#aea3 ,/4 ,?omas1 iii4 #ic1 a4 #f4      
,footnote #aeb3 ,ibid1 a4 #a1 ad4 ,s3   
,caput habet manife/am em95tiam         
respectu caet]orum ext]iorum membrorum2 
s$ cor habet qu&am   influ5tiam         
occultam4 ,et ideo cordi comp>atur      
,spiritus sanctus1 qui   invisibilit]   
ecclesiam viviflcat et unit4  ,! ,_s    
acts z ! he>t ( ! ,*ur* "u ! control &  
influ5ce ( ! head4 ,! fundam5tal        
!ological reason ( ?is is n difficult ( 
demon/ration4 ,! ext]nal relations #gdb 

( ! sev]al div9e p]sons1 or _! relations
 to ! works ( ,god1 su* z ! "o j        
describ$ ( ! ,holy ,gho/ to ! ,*ur*1 are
 intimately connect$ ) ! intro-div9e    
relations ( ! memb]s ( ! mo/ ,holy      
,tr9ity to ea* o!r4 ,x is 9 ?is s5se t  
,holy ,writ makes m5tion ( a mission ( !
 ,son & ( ! ,_s4 ,! expression implies t
 ! p]son conc]n+ :om x is us$1 occupies 
t[>d ! rema9+ div9e p]sons a position   
admitt+ ( ! giv+ ( a mission by !m or "o
 ( !m1 t is to say1 ( a p>ticul> "w done
 by ! "o by ! p[] & at ! delegation ( ! 
o!r4 ,= "o p]son ( ! ,tr9ity to act 9 a 
mission1 !re=e1 x is requisite t ! p[] &
 ! w to act mu/ emanate f ! p]son       
conf]r+ ! mission4 ,?us ,jesus says t 8 
doctr9e is n 8 own1 b ! doctr9e ( him by
 :om he 0 s5t4 ,b "o p]son ( ! ,tr9ity c
 be a recipi5t f ano!r 9 s f> only z !  
recipi5t issues f ! giv] = ev] & ev]1 or
 only 9 respect ( ! et]nal procession4  
,x foll[s t a div9e p]son c receive a   
mission only 9 emanat+ f ano!r1 t is to 
say1 none b ! p]sonae productae1 ! ,son 

& ! ,holy ,gho/1 c be s5t2 :ile1 on !   
o!r h&1 only ! p]sonae produc5tes1 !    
,fa!r & ! ,son1 c conf] a mission4 ,h5ce
 ! fundam5tal reason :y ! sway ( ! ,_s 9
 ! ,*ur* is ex]cis$ "u ! influ5ce (     
,*ri/1 is to be f\nd 9 ! mann] ( !      
et]nal procession1 i4e41 9 ! com+ ( !   
,_s f ! ,fa!r & ! ,son4  ,! ess5ce (    
,*ri/ianity consi/s 9 spiritual         
int]c\rse & spiritual influ5ce4 ,z      
di/+ui%$ f ! old cov5ant1 ! *>act]i/ic (
 ! ,new ,te/am5t disp5sation consi/s 9  
?is3 t x is done by ! ag5cy ( ! ,holy   
,gho/1 s5t d[n f heav54 ,! ,_s ( ,*ri/ 0
 9 ! prophets2 b ! same ,_s manife/s a  
new activity s9ce ! mission f heav54 ,:5
 ! apo/le desires to make ! true        
f\ndation ( fai? cle> to ! ,galatians1  
he cont5ts himself ) ask+ !m :5ce !y _h 
receiv$ ! ,_s8 ,by its desc5t ! bless+ (
 ,abraham came on ! ,g5tiles ?r\gh      
,jesus ,*ri/1 9 fulfilm5t ( !           
prophecies4 ,! p\r+ out ( ! ,holy ,gho/ 
is ! cr[n+ "w ( ,*ri/'s m$iation4  ,b   
:at is ! badge ( ?is m pr(use           

disp5sation ( ! ,_s1 ?us recogniz$ 9    
,scripture z ! peculi> m>k (            
,*ri/ianity8 ,"u ! anci5t cov5ant1      
answ]s ,/4 ,gregory ( ,naziance1 ! ,holy
 ,gho/ 0 pres5t only by its efficacy    
7,greek text72 n[ x abides among u      
,greek text i4e41 9 its ess5ce1 or      
sub/antialit]1 z our !ologians phrase x4
 ,! efficacy ( ! ,_s 9 ! prophets is    
describ$ by ,/4 ,cyril ( ,alex&ria z a  
m]e irradiation ,greek text2 !y receiv$ 
only ! effulg5ce ( ! light1 z ^? :o     
foll[ a tor*-be>] ,greek text2 :ile !   
,_s 9 prop] p]son ent]s into ! s\ls ( ^?
 :o believe 9 ,*ri/1 & dwells !re9      
,greek text4 ,x is only s9ce ! asc5sion 
( ,*ri/ t ! inhabitation ( ! ,_s 9 !    
s\ls ( m5 has rea*$ its completion z    
,greek text4 ,?is is ! reason assign$ by
 ,/4 ,cyril = ! decl>ation ( ! ,"l t he 
t is lea/ 9 ! k+dom ( heav5 is great]   
?an ,john ! ,bapti/1 ?an :om !re ha? n  
ris5 a great] among !m t are born (     
wom54 ,he int]prets ! k+dom ( heav5 "h  
ref]r$ to to be ! imp>tm5t ,greek text (

 ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,f ?is int]pretation he 
d$uces ! reason :]e=e ! humble/ citiz5 (
 ! k+dom ( heav5 is above ! ,bapti/4 ,= 
! latt] is born ( woman1 ! =m] ( ,god4  
,9 consequ5ce ( ?is reg5]ation we are   
p>tak]s ( ! div9e nature1 :i* ,/4 ,cyril
 int]prets to mean nei!r m nor less ?an 
! dwell+ ( ! ,holy ,gho/ 9 our s\ls4    
,footnote #aec     ,footnote #aec3      
,comm5t1 9 ,joann4 ,evangel41 lib4 #e4  
,op] ,lutet1   #afch1 ,a4 ,,iv41 p4 #dgd
 et seq4   ,z ! head ( ! ,*ur*1 ! ,son  
#gdc ( man1 be+ lift$ up f ! e>?1 draws 
all m5 unto him4 ,! ,scripture concludes
 ! n>ration ( ! miracul\s ev5ts ( ! fir/
 ,*ri/ian ,passov] & ( _! imm$iate      
results ) ! rem>k t ! ,"l add$ to !     
,*ur* daily su* z %\ld be sav$4 ,!re=e1 
imm$iately aft] ! outp\r+ ( ! ,holy     
,gho/1 began ! daily increase ( ! ,*ur* 
?r\gh ! fructify+ influ5ce ( ! grace (  
its head4 ,!y 7 multipli$ 9 proportion z
 !y walk$ 9 ! com=t1 ! ,greek text1 ( ! 
,holy ,gho/4 ,by "o ,_s ! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/ 
is baptiz$ into "o body1 :i* ,_s ov]fl[s

 x & saturates x ) its ess5ce4 ,9 him we
 7 seal$ z ! possession ( ,*ri/1 & we "k
 t he abide? 9 u by ! ,_s :i* he ha?    
giv5 u4 ,on be+ receiv$ into ! ,*ur* !  
memb]s are built into an edifice1 !     
f\ndation ( :i* has its corn]/one 9     
,*ri/4 ,by ?is incorporation !y are     
unit$ into a mansion ( ,god 9 ! ,_s4 ,9 
s f> z we are jo9$ unto ! ,"l we are "o 
_s ) him1 & our bodies are temples ( !  
,holy ,gho/4  ,on acc\nt ( its intimate 
relations ) ,*ri/1 ! ,_s is call$ ! ,_s 
( ,*ri/4 ,ev5 ! ,"l himself is directly 
call$ ! ,_s4 ,by him1 ! ,_s ( ! ,"l1 we 
are trans=m$ into 8 image1 ! image !    
,"l4 ,!reby ! ,_s ev9ces itself !       
pr9ciple ( our lib]ty4  ,! ma9 result ( 
! action ( ! ,_s 9 ! ,*ur* is1 !re=e1 ! 
union ( ! latt] & ( h] individual memb]s
 ) ,*ri/1 ! ,*ri/ :o is )9 u4 ,! union  
betwe5 ,*ri/ & ! ,*ur* is effect$ by !  
,_s1 :o acts z ! connect+ l9k1 :ile     
,*ri/ himself is ! effici5t cause ( !   
union1 9 s f> z he s5ds 8 ,_s to        
accompli% x4 ,h[1 !n1 is ! inhabitation 

( ! ,_s1 :i* is id5tical ) t ( ,*ri/1 9 
! ,*ur* br\ght ab\t8 ,! answ] to ?is "q 
involves results decisive ( ! pres5t    
inve/igation4  ,if ! ,*ur* 7 an unatta9$
 ideal1 accord+ to ! ,prote/ant         
acceptation1 ! promise ( ,*ri/ to be ) 8
 foll[]s ev5 unto ! end ( ! _w w\ld     
admit ( no m pr(\nd int]pretation ?an t1
 aft] 8 p]sonal dep>ture1 ! ,"l w\ld    
cont9ue to occupy ! m9ds ( 8 disciples1 
?us giv+ _! ?\ghts a "r direction ?r\gh 
all "t4 ,! pres5ce ( ,*ri/ 9 ! visible  
,*ur* w\ld no long] be v\*saf$ by a     
sub/antial pl$ge1 mak+ ! repletion ( !  
,*ur* ) ,*ri/1 :i* is ! ideal ( t       
in/itution1 a hi/orical reality ev5 at !
 pres5t day1 9 s f> z ! pl$ge is        
actually pres5t4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 !    
latt] view is ! only scriptural "o1 !n !
 true ,*ur* is n to be h&$ ov]          
exclusively to ! future & to ! realm (  
ideas4 ,%e is h]self )9 ! sph]e (       
reality1 %e belongs to ! liv+ pres5t1 if
 ! inmo/ pr9ciple ( h] be+ is ev5 n[    
actually at "w1 z a gift coeval ) h]    

e/abli%m5t1 n ! m]e object ( se>* &     
speculation4  ,! idea ( ,ca?olicism     
presupposes "o ?+ m4 ,su* a pr9ciple    
dwell+ 9 ! ,*ur* z a reality mu/        
necess>ily ex]cise its functions 9 a    
s+le individual image only4 ,bo? ( ^!   
positions are ! necess>y results ( !    
tea*+s ( ,holy   ,writ4  ,! ,scriptures 
describe ! ,holy ,gho/1 by :om ! love ( 
,god is %$ abroad 9 our he>ts1 z some?+ 
conf]r$ ^u u1 p] spiritum sanctum qui   
datus e/ nobis4 ,9 ! capacity ( abid+ 9 
our s\ls z some?+ be/[$ ^u u1 z donum1 !
 fa!rs di/+ui% a p]sonal attribute ( !  
,holy ,gho/1 hav+ its f\ndation 9 !     
peculi> mann] ( its et]nal emanation f !
 ,fa!r & ,son4 ,?is emanation is wr\ght 
z a common infusion ( be+ f ,fa!r &     
,son1 z an intro-div9e ov]fl[+ ( love4  
,footnote #aed ,toge!r #gdd ) ! ,holy   
,gho/ t is giv5 unto u1 t is to say1 by 
means ( ! love %$ abroad 9 our he>ts    
?r\gh him1 ! two o!r p]sons ( ! ,tr9ity 
likewise come & take up _! abode )9 our 
s\ls4 ,! unity ( ! ?ree div9e p]sons is 

n only ! antetype ( ! unity ( ! ,*ur*1 b
 is at ! same "t its fundam5tal         
pr9ciple4 ,9 8 high sac]dotal invocation
 ! ,"l prays t all ^? :o believe ?r\gh !
 ^w may be "o1 ev5 z ! ,fa!r is 9 him & 
he 9 ! ,fa!r2 & t we may be "o 9 ! ,fa!r
 & ! ,son1 ut et ipsi eis nolis unum    
s9t4 ,! unity ( ! ,fa!r & ! ,son1 :o    
take up _! abode )9 u simultane\sly ) ! 
,holy ,gho/1 is ! f\ndation ( our own   
ecclesia/ical unity4 ,!re is !          
fundam5tal1 ! ultimate pr9ciple (       
,ca?olicism4 ,9 x1 ?r\gh ! ,holy ,gho/1 
we h a fell[%ip ) ! ,fa!r & ) 8 ,son    
,jesus ,*ri/4    ,footnote #aed3 ,/4    
,augu/9us1 de ,tr9it41 lib4 v41 cap4    
#ad3   ,exiit enim non quomodo natus1 s$
 quomodo datus2 et ideo non   dicitur   
filius4 ,cap4 #ae3 ,quia sic proc$ebat  
ut esset donabile1   jam donum erat et  
antequam esset cui d>etur4 ,cap4 #aa3   
,spiritus   sanctus ineffabilis e/      
qua$am ,patris ,filiique communio4 4 4 4
 hoc   ipse proprie dicitur1 quod illi  
communit]3 quia et ,pat] spiritus   et  

,filius spiritus et ,pat] sanctus et    
,filius sanctus4 ,ut ergo ex   nom9e1   
quod utrique conv5it1 utriusque communio
 significetur1   vocatur donum amborum  
,spiritus sanctus4  ,! o!r functions    
ascrib$ to ! ,_s by ,holy ,writ are also
 ( su* a nature z to con/ra9 u to assume
 t ! ess5ce ( ! true ,*ur* is a reality 
ev5 at ?is day4 ,by ! ,holy ,gho/ we    
receive ev5 n[ an e>ne/ ( ! inh]itance 9
 /ore = u4 ,its te/imony assures u t we 
are ! *ildr5 ( ,god4 ,we h become su*   
ev5 n[1 & ?r\gh him4 ,we are born ( !   
,_s4 ,! r5ewal accompli%$ by him is a   
ba? ( reg5]ation1 ! putt+ on ( a new    
man4 ,9 ! he>ts ( believ]s he is a well 
( wat] spr++ up into ev]la/+ life4 ,9   
?is s5se our ju/ification may be reg>d$ 
z a glorification 9 ! g]m4 ,*ri/ has    
ano9t$ ! ,*ur* ) a *rism :i* abides &   
ex]ts itself 9 h] z a p]man5t tea*]4  ,x
 is an entire misappreh5sion ( !        
creative p[] ( ,*ri/ianity to ascribe to
 ! ,_s ( ,*ri/ :i* gov]ns ! ,*ur* no m  
pr(itable efficacy ?an ! b>r51          

resultless *ase ( an ideal :i* con/antly
 eludes realization4 ,! v idea t a law (
 /eady developm5t is to be trac$ 9      
,*ri/ianity itself1 ?is v favorite view 
( all ! advocates ( an ideal ,*ur*1     
ought to h l$ to a m pr(\nd appreciation
 ( ! ess5ce & hi/ory ( ! ,*ur*4 ,if !   
,*ur* is to und]go a developm5t1 !      
realization ( h] ideal %\ld n be po/pon$
 to ! end ( "t4 ,:at is its c\rse 9     
hi/ory8 ,?is po9t is decisive ( our     
position respect+ ! ideal ,*ur*4  ,!    
doctr9e relies ^u ,matt1 xviii4 #bj4 ,"h
 ! ,ca?olic acceptation ( a realization 
( ! ess5ce ( ! ,*ur*1 hi/orically       
manife/$1 w\ld appe> to be directly     
exclud$4 ,! passage adduc$ makes ,*ri/  
abide among u1 & accord+ly makes ! true 
,*ur* come into be+ simply 9 consequ5ce 
( ! casual assemblage ( two or ?ree1 s t
 x takes place 9 8 "n--a condition !    
p]=mance or brea* ( :i* is a matt] by no
 means pat5t to ! s5ses4 ,b ^! words are
 to be read 9 connection ) :at prec$es  
!m4 ,v]ses #ag & #ah allude to !        

au?ority (' ! ,*ur* z hi/orically       
manife/4 ,! resolutions ( t au?ority are
 ratifi$ 9 heav51 & are valid be=e ,god4
 ,=--su* is ! logical ?read ( ! disc\rse
 ( ,jesus--:at ! ,*ur*1 z hi/orically   
manife/$1 orda9s1 is at ! same "t orda9$
 by ! ,holy ,gho/ dwell+ )9 h]4 ,t su*  
is actually ! case1 ! ,"l !n proce$s to 
%[ by ! conclud+ illu/ration4 ,!        
agreem5t ( two is alone suffici5t to    
secure a fulfilm5t ( ! pray]3 = :]e two 
or ?ree are assembl$ toge!r 9 ! "n (    
,*ri/1 !re is he 9 ! mid/ ( !m3 h[ mu* m
 amply !n is ! pres5ce & ! c\nt5ance (  
,*ri/ assur$ to ! entire ,*ur*1 & to !  
organ intru/$ ) ! execution ( h] #gde   
p[]6  ,footnote #ee ,true1 ,*ri/ is     
pres5t ev5 :]e only two or ?ree are     
assembl$ 9 8 "n2 b ! result ( 8 pres5ce 
corresponds to ! ext5t ( ! assembly4    
,!re ,*ri/ simply effects ! fulfilm5t ( 
! common pray]4 ,t ! arbitr>y conc\rse (
 a few individuals 9 ! "n ( ,*ri/ is !  
realization ( ! ess5ce ( ! ,*ur*1 n[h]e 
9 ! :ole passage is !re a ^w to confirm 

su* an int]pretation4    ,footnote #aee3
 ,?is is ! int]pretation ( ?is passage  
by !   c\ncil ( ,*alc$on1 9 its missive 
to ,pope ,leo ! ,great4 ,comp>e         
,ball]9i1 op4 ,s4 ,leonis t4 i41 p4     
#ajhg4  ,! advocates ( ! ideal ,*ur*    
also cite ,eph4 v4 #bg4  ,footnote #aef 
,!re ! ,*ur* is call$ holy & )\t blemi%1
 n hav+ spot or wr9kle2 a description   
suppos$ to be applicable exclusively to 
! ,*ur* t is to be1 & by no means to !  
,*ur* z x is4 ,! rem>k is an idle "o1 & 
does n t\* ! real "q4 ,9 our view x is !
 "w ( ! pres5t to lay ! f\ndation = !   
future glory ( ! ,*ur*4 ,?is position is
 fully borne out by ! words (           
,scripture4 ,= 9 v]se #bf ! apo/le po9ts
 out ! sanctification ( ! ,*ur* z !     
imm$iate object ( ! sacrifice ( ,*ri/1 &
 at ! same "t indicates ! means by :i* !
 ,*ur* is to be sanctifi$4 ,?is is done 
by ! wa%+ ( wat]1 :i* owes its purify+  
efficacy to ! simultane\s utt]ance ( !  
^w4 ,! pres5tation ( ! ,*ur* 9 unblemi%$
 hol9ess & glory1 ! object ( !          

sacrificial dea? ( ,*ri/1 is !re=e      
gradually effect$ 9 ! pres5t _w 9       
proportion z ! purification by !        
sacram5t1 "u ! cont9u$ influ5ce ( ,*ri/1
 ex]ts its efficacy 9 he ,*ur*4         
,footnote #aef3 ,hase1 ,h&bu* d] prot4  
,polemik 7,manual (   ,prote/ant        
,polemics71 p4 #db4   ,if ! apo/le 7 "h 
speak+ simply ( a remote future hol9ess 
( ! ,*ur*1 8 :ole c\rse ( reason+ w\ld  
lose its po9t4 ,! love ( ,*ri/ is "h    
pres5t$ to husb&s & wives z a model = _!
 own connubial relations4 ,z !          
self-sacrifice ( ,*ri/ = ! ,*ur* has =  
its object ! sanctification ( ! latt]1 s
 ! mutual self-devotion ( husb&s & wives
 is to inve/ _! lives ) a high] grace4  
,x is n ! m]e act ( ! self-sacrifice (  
,*ri/ :i* is to be emulat$ 9 m>riage4   
,no admonition w\ld be ne$$ = su* a     
purpose4 ,m>riage is necess>ily a type (
 ?is relation4 ,! disc\rse ( ! apo/le   
t5ds1 on ! contr>y1 to recomm5d ! motive
 ( ! sacrifice ( ,*ri/1 & its influ5ce  
^u ! sanctification ( ! ,*ur*1 to husb&s

 & wives = imitation4 ,h[ feeble1 h[    
little calculat$ to =tify ! admonition (
 ! apo/le1 w\ld be _! ref]5ce to !      
relation ( ,*ri/ to ! ,*ur*1 if !       
sanctification ( ! ,*ur* by ,*ri/1 ?us  
held up to husb&s & wives = emulation1 7
 some?+ totally unreal1 a m]e creature (
 reflection6 ,if ! purpose ( ! sacrifice
 ( ,*ri/1 ! sanctification ( ! ,*ur*1 7 
/ill unatta9$1 h[ c\ld husb&s & wives be
 expect$ to make _! int]c\rse be> ^?    
moral fruits by :i* x is to approve     
itself a type ( ! relation ( ,*ri/ to ! 
,*ur*8  ,! hol9ess ( ! ,*ur*1 !n1 has   
its orig9 9 ! sacram5ts4 ,b t :i* makes 
! ,*ur* holy app]ta9s to h] ess5tial "*4
 ,x foll[s t ?is "* also is evolv$ by   
means ( ! sacram5ts4 ,?is proves1       
f9ally1 t ?is evolution ( ! "* ( ! true 
,*ur* is only possible 9 a s+le1        
individual hi/orical manife/ation1 t is 
to say1 only )91 or at lea/ by ! ag5cy  
,footnote #aeg (1 t visible body politic
 :i* is 9 possession ( ! sacram5ts4     
,footnote #aeg3 ,! means ( grace        

adm9i/]$ by ! ,*ur*   sometimes ex]t _! 
influ5ce beyond ! pale1 i4e41 outside (1
   h] hi/orical image4 ,?is is se5 9 !  
validity ( ! baptism (   h]etics4       
,prote/antism is untrue to its own      
pr9ciple 9 repres5t+ ! adm9i/ration ( ! 
sacram5ts accord+ to _! in/itution z an 
index ( ! true ,*ur*4 ,! :ole =ce ( ?is 
position lies 9 ! presumption ( a #gdf  
di/9ct hi/orical organization z !       
necess>y expon5t ( ! inw>d ess5ce ( !   
true ,*ur*4 ,a contr>y doctr9e is 9     
dang] ( be/[+ ! "n ( ! true ,*ur* on a  
society :i* may possibly be compos$     
exclusively ( hypocrites4 ,! inf]5ce is 
obvi\s4 ,if ! ess5ce ( ! true ,*ur* is  
only to be f\nd 9 ! doma9 ( ! m9d1 or if
 x ev5 rema9s a m]e ideal1 :]e is !     
gu>antee t ! mantle ( ! sacram5tal      
organization cov]s t sil5t1 invisible   
congregation ( spirits 9 :i* alone !    
,prote/ant looks = ! ess5ce ( ! true    
,*ur*8 ,! re=m]'s idea ( ! ,*ur* is "h  
entangl$ 9 a contradiction 9 t]ms4 ,on !
 pr9ciple ( ju/ification by fai? alone1 

! "* ( ! true ,*ur* mu/ be :olly        
express$ 9 some?+ incorporeal4 ,& yet ! 
true ,*ur* is to be recogniz$ by ! use (
 ! sacram5ts accord+ to _! in/itution4  
,:]e is ! connect+ l9k betwe5 ! ext]nal 
& ! int]nal ,*ur*8 ,! congru5ce ( ! ,_s 
& ! body ( ! ,*ur*1 if x occurs1 is     
purely accid5tal4 ,! visible ,*ur*1 tak5
 by itself1 is a m]e ext]nal ?+1        
possibly void ( all sub/antial ess5ce4  
,! doctr9e ( sola fides is incapable ( a
 pr(\nd appreciation ( ! visible ,*ur*4 
,?is1 tak5 9 connection ) ! old         
,prote/ant !ory t ! phase ( ! ,*ur*     
manife/$ 9 prea*+ & 9 ! sacram5ts is ( !
 ess5ce ( ! ,*ur*1 makes x cle> t !     
attempt ( ! re=m]s to spiritualize      
,*ri/ianity leads on ! contr>y to a     
mat]ialization ( ! idea ( ! ,*ur*4  ,!  
mod]n ,prote/ant !ology 0 f> f be+      
det]r$ by its rev]5ce = ! re=m]s f lay+ 
b>e ?is uns\nd portion ( _! sy/em4 ,!y  
attempt$ to make up = x by ! well kn[n  
!ory ( ! ideal ,*ur*1 :i* beg9s by      
r5\nc+1 9 entire consi/5cy ) !          

,prote/ant pr9ciple ( ju/ification by   
fai? alone1 e outw>d manife/ation ( !   
ess5ce ( ! ,*ur*4  ,! manifold =ms 9 :i*
 ,*ri/ianity becomes palpable z a p[] 9 
hi/ory are "h treat$ z some?+ purely    
accid5tal1 easily capable ( sev]ance f !
 ess5ce ( ! true ,*ur*4 ,h[ does ?is    
explanation comport ) ! doctr9e (       
,scripture j exp\nd$8  ,! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/1
 says ,holy ,writ1 receives h] unse5    
bridal ornam5ts by means ( ! palpable   
sacram5ts4 ,9 consequ5ce ( _! efficacy  
%e conceals ! g]ms ( h] future glory "u 
! guise ( h] temporal image4 ,! mo/     
pr(\nd & sup]-s5sual *>act]i/ic ( !     
,*ur* is1 !re=e1 closely ?\gh my/]i\sly 
alli$ ) ! palpable ext]ior4 ,x is n our 
pres5t task to %[ h[ ?is alliance is    
=m$4 ,we simply inquire into ! f\ndation
 ( ?is necess>y comb9ation ( ! _s & ! =m
 ( ! ,*ur*4 ,?is f\ndation we claim to  
discov] 9 ! sublimity ( ! pr9ciple      
h]et(ore recogniz$ by u z ! m>r[1 ! he>t
 ( ! ,*ur*4  ,if t :i* con/itutes ! he>t
 ( ! ,*ur* is sup]natural1 & beyond !   

rea* ( ! natural p[]s ( ! human m9d1 its
 imp>tm5t & pres]vation necess>ily      
presuppose a peculi> influ5ce ( ,god ^u 
man1 diff]5t f ! creative p[]4 ,"u ^!   
circum/ances1 ! precise me?od ( ! div9e 
influ5ce p]vad+ ! ,*ur* is only to be   
le>n$ ) c]ta9ty f revelation4 ,& "h we  
f9d ! mo/ explicit tea*+s on ?is        
subject4 ,accord+ to ! te/imony (       
,scripture1 ! ,"l promotes ! gr[? ( !   
,*ur* by means palpable to ! s5ses4 ,?is
 sugge/s inquiry into ! laws "u :i* ^!  
means ( grace f9d _! application4 ,^?   
laws are d]iv$ f ! object ( _!          
in/itution4 ,x consi/s 9 ! adhibition ( 
in/rum5talities 9 ! production ( a div9e
 effect4 ,consequ5tly ! means employ$1  
or ! sacram5ts1 c manife/ _! efficacy   
only "u c]ta9 conditions div9ely orda9$4
  ,! correct und]/&+ ( ! #gdg mutual    
relations subsi/+ betwe5 ! _s & ! body (
 ! ,*ur* is fur!r assi/$ by ref]5ce to  
ano!r idea also d]iv$ f ! ,*ur*4 ,!     
regul> gr[? ( ! ,*ur* is made           
intelligible to u z a self-edification 9

 love4 ,! means requir$ = ! atta9m5t (  
?is purpose h be5 giv5 into ! h&s ( !   
,*ur* h]self4 ,= ?is end ,pet] receiv$ !
 keys ( ! k+dom ( heav54 ,he is n only !
 ?read ( ! hi/orical developm5t ( !     
,*ur*1 b ! int]ior organization also    
necess>ily presupposes a union ) ,pet]4 
,! organs ( ?is organization are !      
sacram5ts4 ,b !y manife/ _! sav+        
efficacy on ^? only :o h n kn[+ly       
int]rupt$ ! *a9 ( union betwe5 !mselves 
& ,pet]1 & _! use is totally void (     
effect if ! p>ty by :om !y are adm9i/]$ 
is n actuat$ by ! desire ( do+ t :i* is 
done 9 sacram5tal c]emonies by ! ,*ur*1 
unit$ ) ,pet] 7int5tio faci5di quod     
facit ecclesia47  ,! inmo/ pr9ciple1 !  
he>t ( ! ,*ur*1 is insep>ably connect$ )
 ^! visible actions1 :i* are            
efficaci\sly adm9i/]$ only accord+ to ! 
int5tion & 9 ! "n ( ! visible ,*ur*1 & 9
 virtue ( _! efficacy ! latt] approves  
h]self z holy4 ,?us ! pres5t inquiry    
leads to ! same result already rea*$ by 
o!r inve/igations4 ,! _s & ! body (     

,ca?olicism are n to be sep>at$4 ,!     
connect+ l9k :i* b9ds !m toge!r is      
,pet]1 ! be>] ( ! keys ( ! k+dom (      
heav51 :o /ill lives 9 8 successors4 ,b 
! f\nta9-head ( ?is necess>y relation%ip
 is 9 ! vital pr9ciple ( ! ,*ur*1 9 h]  
sup]natural pr9ciple4  ,! idea ( a      
sup]natural pr9ciple1 & t ( ! papacy1   
toge!r con/itute ! pr9ciple (           
,ca?olicism4 ,9 ! =m] we behold its     
fundam5tal ess5ce1 9 ! latt] ! cem5t (  
its hi/orical unity1 z well z ! connect+
 l9k betwe5 ! int]ior & ! ext]ior       
ca?olicity ( ! ,*ur*4  ------  ,f ,!    
,mon?4  ,,sonnet4  ,,unspiritual        
,,civilization4    ,we h be5 pip+1 ,"l2 
we h be5 s++2   ,five hundr$ ye>s h     
pass$ o'er lawn & lea1   ,m>k$ by ! bl[+
 bud & fall+ tree1   ,:ile all ! ways ) 
melody 7 r++3   ,9 t5t$ li/s1           
high-/ation$ & fl[]-fl++1   ,beauty     
look$ d[n on conqu]+ *ivalry2   ,sci5ce 
made wise ! nations2 laws made free2    
,art1 l an angel ev] onw>d w++1         
,bright5$ ! _w4 ,b1 ,o great ,"l &      

,fa!r6   ,h ^!1 ?y b\nties1 drawn to !e 
man's race1   ,t /ood s f> alo(8 ,h !y n
 r   ,8 s\l subject$8 ) a bl9d embrace  
,gulf$ x 9 s5se8 ,prime bless+s *ang$ to
 curse   ',twixt ,god & man c set ,god's
 univ]se4  ,,aubrey ,,de ,,v]e4  ------ 
#gdh  ,f ,! ,mon?  ,,con/ance ,,%]wood4 
,,an ,,autobiography ,,( ,,! ,,sixte5?  
,,c5tury4  ,,by ,,lady ,,georgiana      
,,full]ton4   ,,*apt] ,,xi4  ,dur+ ! two
 ye>s :i* foll[$ ! ,duke ( ,norfolk's   
dea? ,i did only see my ,lady ,surrey   
once1 :i* 0 :5 %e came to ,arundel      
,h\se1 on a visit to h] "l's gr&fa!r2 & 
h] lett]s = a :ile 7 bo? scanty & brief4
 ,%e made no m5tion ( religion1 & b     
little ( h] husb&2 & *iefly t\*$ on su* 
!mes z ,lady ,m>g>et's nuptials ) ,mr4  
,sackville 7,"l ,dorset's heir7 &       
,mi/ress ,milic5t's ) ,sir ,hammond     
l',e/range4 ,%e _h great cont5tm5t1 %e  
wrote1 to see !m bo? s well m>ri$       
accord+ to _! degree2 b t = h]self %e   
did v mu* miss h] good si/]'s company & 
h] g5tlewoman's affectionate s]vices1 :o

 w\ld n[ reside all ! ye> at h] husb&'s 
seat 9 ,norfolk2 b %e look$ :5 my "l &  
h]self %\ld be at ,k5n+hall1 :5 he left 
! univ]sity1 t !y might yet1 be+        
neighbors1 sp5d "s happy days toge!r1 if
 x s pleas$ ,god4 ,once %e wrote 9      
exce$+ great joy1 s t %e said %e h>dly  
knew h[ to conta9 h]self1 = t my "l 0   
com+ 9 a few days to sp5d ! long        
vacation at ,"l ,sussex's h\se at       
,b]mondsey4 ,b :5 %e wrote aga91        
me?\ght--albeit h] lett] 0 *e]ful1 & %e 
did je/ 9 x some:at m ?an 0 h] wont--t  
!re 0 a sil5ce t\*+ h] husb&1 & h] own  
cont5tm5t 9 8 society1 :i* betok5$ a    
res]ve su* z ,i _h n notic$ 9 h] be=e4  
,ab\t t "t x 0 bruit$ 9 ,london t my ,"l
 ,surrey _h receiv$ no small detrim5t by
 ! bad example he _h at ,cambridge1 & ! 
lib]ty p]mitt$ him4  ,& n[1 =sak+ = a   
:ile ! !me ( t noble pair1 ^: mi%aps &  
felicities h ev] sadd5$ & rejoic$ m9e   
he>t almo/ equally ) m9e own good or    
evil =tune1 ,i "h purpose to set d[n su*
 occurr5ces z %\ld be wor?y ( note 9 ! m

 obscure sph]e 9 :i* my lot 0 ca/4  ,:5 
,i 0 ab\t sixte51 my c\s9 ,kate 0 m>ri$ 
to ,mr4 ,lacy2 fir/ 9 a secret mann]1 9 
! night1 by ,mr4 ,plasd51 a prie/1 9 h] 
fa!r's libr>y1 & ! next day at ! p>i%   
*ur* at ,holborn4 ,me?9ks a fair] bride 
nev] rode to *ur* ?an our ,kate4 ,h] "m 
w5t ) h]1 :i* 0 ! fir/ "t %e _h be5 out 
( doors = a long space ( "t1 = %e fe>$  
to cat* cold if ! w9d did bl[ f ! nor?  
or ! ea/2 & if f ! s\? %e fe>$ x %\ld   
br+ noxi\s vapors f ! riv]2 & ! we/1    
infection f ! city1 & s /ay$ at home =  
great] safety4 ,b on ,kate's w$d+ day we
 did all prote/ ! w9d blew n at all1 s t
 f no qu>t] ( ! sky %\ld mis*ief arise2 
& 9 a clos$ litt]1 :i* %e reckon$ to be 
saf] ?an a coa*1 %e cons5t$ to g to     
*ur*4  ,m>ry1 good wife1 cri$ ,mr4      
,congleton1 :5 %e _h be5 magnify+ all ! 
dang]s %e mo/ly fe>$1 ?\ do/ =get !     
greate/ ( all 9 ^! days1 :i* do? hold u 
all by ! neck1 z x 74 ,= he>+ mass1 z we
 did 9 ?is room la/ night1 we d all run 
! risk ( be+ hang$1 :i* %\ld be a great]

 p]il me?9ks ?an a brea? ( f\l air4     
#gdi  ,%e1 be+ 9 a m]ry mood1 repli$3   
,twittle twattle1 ,mr4 ,congleton2 ! "o 
may be avoid$1 ! o!r n4 ',tis no reason 
,i %\ld get a cold to-day because ,i be 
l to be hang$ to-morr[4  ,i' fai?1 cri$ 
,polly1 my "m ha? well p>ri$ y\r ?ru/1  
sir2 & me?9ks ! holy ,bi%op ( ,ro*e/] 0 
( ! same m9d ) h]4  ,h[ s1 ,polly8 quo? 
h] fa!r2 & %e1 ,!re happ5$ a false rumor
 to rise sudd5ly among ! p :5 he 0 9 !  
prison1 s ,i h he>d ,mr4 ,rop] relate1 t
 he %\ld be br\ght to execution on a    
c]ta9 day2 :]e=e 8 cook1 t 0 wont to    
dress 8 d9n] & c>ry x daily unto him1   
he>+ ( 8 execution1 dress$ him no d9n]  
at all t day4 ,:]e=e1 at ! cook's next  
repair unto him1 he dem&$ ! cause :y he 
br\ght him n 8 d9n]4 ',sir1' said !     
cook1 'x 0 commonly talk$ all ov] ! t[n 
t y %\ld h di$ to-day1 & !re=e ,i ?\ght 
x b va9 to dress any?+ = y4' ',well1'   
quo? ! bi%op m]rily1 '= all t report1 ?\
 see/ me yet alive2 & !re=e1 :atsoev]   
news ?\ %alt he> ( me h]eaft]1 pri!e let

 me no m lack my d9n]1 b make x ready2 &
 if ?\ see me dead :5 ?\ come/1 !n eat x
 ?yself4 ,b ,i promise !e1 if ,i be     
alive1 by ,god's grace1 to eat nev] a   
bit ! less4'  ,& on ! day he 0 v]ily    
execut$1 said ,mi/ress ,w>d1 :5 !       
lieut5ant came to fet* him1 he said to 8
 man1 ',rea* me my furr$ tippet1 to put 
ab\t my neck4' ',o my "l6' said !       
lieut5ant1 ':at ne$ y be s c>eful ( y\r 
heal? = ?is little "t1 be+ n mu* above 9
 h\r8' ',i ?9k no o!rwise1' said ?is    
bless$ fa!r2 'b yet1 9 he mean "t1 ,i w 
keep myself z well z ,i c2 = ,i tell y  
tru?1 ?\gh ,i h1 ,i ?ank our ,"l1 a v   
good desire & a will+ m9d to die at ?is 
pres5t1 & s ,i tru/ ( 8 inf9ite m]cy &  
goodness he w cont9ue x1 yet ,i w n     
will+ly h9d] my heal? "o m9ute ( an h\r1
 b /ill prolong ! same z long z ,i c by 
su* reasonable ways z ,almighty ,god ha?
 provid$ = me4' ,^u :i* my good aunt    
fa/5$ h] veil ab\t h] head1 & said !    
holy bi%op 0 ! mo/ wise sa9t &          
reasonable/ m>tyr %e _h yet he>d (4     

,kate 0 dress$ 9 a kirtle ( :ite silk1  
h] head attir$ ) an habilim5t ( gold1 & 
h] hair1 bright] itself ?an gold1 wov5  
ab\t h] face 9 cunn+ly wr\ght tresses4  
,%e 0 l$ to *ur* betwe5 two             
g5tlem5--,mr4 ,tre%am & ,mr4            
,hogdson--fri5ds ( ! bridegroom1 :o _h  
bride-laces & rosem>y ti$ ab\t _! silk5 
sleeves4 ,!re 0 a fair cup ( silv] gilt 
c>ri$ be=e h]1 :]e9 0 a goodly bran* (  
rosem>y1 gild$ v fair1 & hung ab\t )    
silk5 ribbons ( all colors4 ,musicians  
came next2 !n a gr\p ( maid5s be>+ g>l&s
 f9ely gild$2 & ?us we pass$ on to !    
*ur*4 ,! common p at ! door *e]$ !      
bride1 ^: fair face 0 a passport to _!  
favor2 b z ,muriel crept along1 lean+ on
 my arm1 ,i caught s\nd ( murmur$       
bless+s4  ,sweet sa9t1 quo? an ag$ man1 
lean+ on 8 /aff1 ne> ! por*1 ,i we5 ?9e 
esp\sals be n ( e>?4 ,a woman1 ) a *ild 
9 h] arms1 :isp]$ to h] z %e pa/1 ,he ?\
 kn[e/ ( is dead1 & di$ pray+ = !e4 ,a  
man1 ^: eyes _h wat*$ h] pa9fully asc5d+
 ! /eps1 call$ h] an angel2 :]eupon a   

begg> ) a crut* cri$ out1 ,m>ry1 a lame 
angel6 ,a sweet smile 0 on h] face z %e 
turn$ t[>d him2 & draw+ a piece ( silv] 
f h] pocket1 %e be/[$ x on him1 ) "s su*
 words z ^!--t %e pray$ !y might bo? be 
s happy1 albeit lame1 z to hobble to    
heav51 & get !re 9 good "t1 if x %\ld   
please ,god4 ,!n he fell to bless+ h] s 
l\d1 t %e hurri$ me into ! *ur*1 n      
cont5t to be ?ank$ 9 s public a mann]4  
#gej  ,aft] ! c]emony1 we return$ 9 !   
same ord] to ,ely ,place4 ,! banquet :i*
 foll[$1 & ! sports succe$+ x1 7        
conduct$ 9 a private & some:at quiet    
fa%ion1 & n _m gue/s invit$1 by reason (
 ! times1 & ,mr4 ,congleton mislik+ to  
draw notice to 8 h\se1 :i* _h hi!rto be5
 b little mole/$1 p>tly = t ,sir        
,francis ,wals+ham _h a fri5d%ip = him1 
& also = 8 si/]1 ,lady ,eg]ton (        
,ridley1 :i* procur$ = !m great] favor1 
9 ! way ( tol]ation1 ?an is ext5d$ to   
o!rs2 & likewise ! ,portuguese          
ambassador 0 8 v good fri5d1 & 8 *apel  
op5 to u at all times2 s t prie/s did n 

ne$ to come to 8 h\se = ! p]=mance ( any
 religi\s actions1 except t "o ( !      
m>riage1 :i* _h tak5 place ! night be=e 
9 8 libr>y4 ,h[soev]1 he 0 v well kn[n  
to be a recusant1 = t nei!r himself1 nor
 any belong+ to him1 att5d$ ,prote/ant  
wor%ip2 & ,sir ,francis sometimes told  
him t ! clem5cy ) :i* he 0 treat$ 0 %[n 
t[>d him ) ! hope t1 by mild c\rses1 he 
might be soon br\ght to "s bett]        
con=mity4  ,mr4 ,lacy's h\se 0 9 ,gray's
 ,inn ,lane1 a few doors f ,mr4 ,s)9    
,wells's2 & ?r\gh ?is proximity an      
intimate acqua9tance%ip did arise betwe5
 t wor?y g5tleman & 8 wife & ,kate's    
fri5ds4 ,he 0 v good-natur$1 pleasant 9 
conv]sation1 c\rte\s1 & g5]\s2 & ,mrs4  
,wells a mo/ virtu\s g5tlewoman4 ,al?\gh
 he 7,mr4 ,s)97 mu* delight$ 9 hawk+1   
hunt+1 & o!r su*like div]sions1 yet he s
 sob]ly gov]n$ 8 affections !re91 z to  
be cont5t to deprive himself ( a good "p
 ( ^? pleasures1 & retire to a m        
pr(itable employm5t ( tra9+ up "y       
g5tlem5 9 virtue & le>n+2 & ) su*       

success t 8 h\se has be51 z x 71 a      
fruitful sem9>y to _m wor?y memb]s ( !  
,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,among ! "y g5tlem5 :o  
resid$ ) him at t "t 0 ,mr4 ,hub]t      
,rookwood1 ! y\nge/ ( ! two sons ( ,mr4 
,rookwood1 ( ,eu/on1 :om ,i _h se5 at ! 
inn at ,b$=d1 :5 ,i 0 j\rney+ to        
,london4 ,we did spe$ily ent] into a    
some:at close acqua9tance%ip1 f\nd$ on a
 simil>ity ( ta/es & agreeable int]*ange
 ( civilities1 t\*+ ! l5d+ ( books &    
likewise pieces ( music1 :i* ,i did make
 fair copies ( = him1 & :i* we sometimes
 practic$ 9 ! ev5+2 = he _h a pleasant  
voice & an aptness to cat* ! trick ( a  
song1 albeit unle>n$ 9 ! art1 :]e9 he   
/yl$ me pr(ici5t2 & ,i1 no?+ lo? to     
imp>t my k1 became 8 in/ructor1 & did   
tea* him bo? to s+ & play ! lute4 ,he 0 
n mu* tall] ?an :5 ,i _h se5 him be=e2 b
 8 figure 0 *ang$1 & 8 visage _h gr[n   
pale1 & 8 hair ?ick & fl[+1 especially  
t[>d ! back ( ! head1 discov]+ 9 front a
 high & ?\ghtful =ehead4 ,!re 0 a great 
deal ( good "y company at t "t 9 ,mr4   

,wells's h\se2 = "s ,ca?olics tabl$ !re 
beside ^? t 7 8 pupils1 & o!rs resort$  
to x by reason ( ! pleasant ent]ta9m5t  
!y f\nd 9 ! society ( +5u\s p]sons1 well
 qualifi$1 & ( _! own religion4 ,i _h   
mo/ days opportunities ( conv]s+ )      
,hub]t1 ?\gh we 7 nev] alone2 &1 by     
reason ( ! fri5d%ip :i* _h exi/$ betwe5 
8 fa!r & m9e1 ,i all[$ him a k9dness ,i 
did n commonly af=d to o!rs4  ,mr4 ,lacy
 _h _h 8 tra9+ 9 t h\se1 &1 albeit 8    
natural p>ts did n title him to ! praise
 ( an em95t s*ol>1 he _h !nce d]iv$ a   
great e/eem = le>n+1 a ta/e = books1 ( !
 :i* he did possess a great /ore 7_m    
hundr$ volumes71 & a discreet mann] (   
talk+1 ?\gh some?+ t9ctur$ )            
affectation1 inasmu* z he %\ld seem to  
be r enamor$ ( ! words he utt]$1 ?an    
c>eful ( ! #gea sub/ance4 ,hub]t 0 wont 
to say t 8 spee* 0 l to ! draw+ ( a     
lead5 sword out ( a gild$ %ea?4 ,he 0 a 
v virtu\s "y man2 & 8 wife _h nev] b "o 
compla9t to set =?1 :i* 0 t 8 books took
 up s mu* ( 8 "t t %e 0 almo/ z jeal\s (

 !m z if !y _h be5 h] rivals4 ,%e w\ld h
 x he did kill himself ) /udy2 &1 9 a   
p>ticul> mann]1 ) ! writ+ ( ! life ( "o 
,?omas a ,kempis1 :i* 0 a "w he _h _h a 
long "t on h&4 ,"o day %e comes into 8  
libr>y1 & salutes him ?us3 ,mr4 ,lacy1  
,i w\ld ,i 7 a book2 & !n me?9ks y w\ld 
a little m respect me4 ,polly1 :o 0 by1 
cri$ out1 ,madam1 y mu/ !n be an        
almanac1 t he might *ange e ye>2 :]eat  
%e 0 n a little displeas$4 ,& ano!r "t1 
:5 h] husb& 0 sick1 %e said1 if ,mr4    
,lacy di$1 %e w\ld burn ,?omas a ,kempis
 = ! kill+ ( h] husb&4 ,i1 he>+ ?is1    
answ]$ t to d s 7 a great pity2 to :om  
%e repli$1 ,:y1 :o 0 ,?omas a ,kempis8  
to :i* ,i answ]$1 ,"o ( ! sa9tlie/ m5 ( 
! age :]e9 he liv$4 ,:]e) %e 0 s        
satisfi$1 t %e said1 !n %e w\ld n d x = 
all ! _w4  ,me?9ks ,i read m 9 t "o ye> 
?an 9 all ! re/ ( my life beside4 ,m9e  
aunt 0 m sick ?an usual1 & ,mi/ress ,w>d
 s tak5 up ) ! nurs+ ( h]1 t %e did n   
(t5 leave h] room4 ,polly 0 m>ri$ 9 !   
w9t] to ,sir ,ralph ,+oldby1 & w5t to   

reside = "s mon?s 9 ! c\ntry4 ,muriel   
prevail$ on h] fa!r to visit ! prison ) 
h]1 9 ,mi/ress ,w>d's /ead1 s t         
sometimes !y 7 abroad ! :ole ( ! day2 by
 reason ( :i*1 ,i 0 (t5] 9 ,gray's ,inn 
,lane ?an at home1 sometimes at ,kate's 
h\se1 & sometimes at ,mi/ress ,wells's  
mansion1 :]e ,i became infect$ ) a zeal 
= le>n+1 :i* ,hub]t's example &         
conv]sation did greatly invite me to4   
,he _h ! mo/ w9n+ tongue1 & ! apte/ _s 9
 ! _w to div9e ! natural incl9ations (  
^? he consort$ )4 ,! books he advis$ me 
to read 7 mo/ly su* z ,mi/ress ,w>d1 to 
:om ,i did fai?fully recite _! titles1  
acc\nt$ to be n o!rwise ?an good &      
pr(itable1 hav+ le>n$ s mu* f good m5 %e
 consult$ !reon1 = %e 0 h]self no s*ol>2
 b !y br$ 9 me a great ?ir/ = k1 a crav+
 to conv]se ) ^? :o _h m le>n+ ?an      
myself1 & )al s ke5 a reli% = ,hub]t's  
society1 t ,i _h no cont5tm5t s welcome 
z to li/5 to 8 disc\rse1 :i* 0 season$ )
 a r>e k9d ( eloqu5ce & a discursive    
fancy1 to :i*1 also1 ! p]fection ( 8    

c>riage1 8 pronunciation ( spee*1 & !   
deportm5t ( 8 body l5t no mean lu/re4   
,naught arrogant or affect$ disfigur$ 8 
conv]sation1 9 :i* did lie s efficaci\s 
a p[] ( p]suasion1 & at times1 :5 !     
occasion call$ = x1 s great a vehem5cy (
 passion1 z en=c$ admiration ( 8 great  
p>ts1 if n approval ( 8 argum5ts4 ,i    
made him at t "t judge ( ! new ?\ghts   
:i* books1 l s _m keys op5+ secret      
*amb]s 9 ! m9d1 did unlock 9 m9e2 & ,i  
m9d me h[ eag]ly ,i look$ = 8 answ]s--h[
 ,i hung on 8 lips :5 he 0 speak+1 n f  
any s+ul> affection t[>d 8 p]son1 b by  
reason ( ! extraord9>y fasc9ation ( 8   
spee*1 & ! int]e/ ( ! !mes we disc\rs$  
^u2 "o "t t\*+ on ! hi/ories ( great m5 
( pa/ ages1 at ano!r on ! *anges wr\ght 
9 our own by ! new art ( pr9t+ books1   
:i* _h produc$ su* great *anges 9 ! _w1 
& yet great] to be expect$4 ,& z he 0   
well skill$ 9 ! ,italian z well z !     
,fr5* language1 ,i came by 8 means to be
 acqua9t$ ) _m great writ]s ( ^?        
nations4 ,he translat$ = me sundry      

passages f ! div9e play ( ,signor ,dante
 ,alighi]i1 9 :i* #geb hell & purgatory 
& heav5 are depict$1 z x 7 by an        
eye-witness1 ) s mu* pregnancy ( mean+ &
 =ce ( g5ius1 t x %\ld almo/ appe> z if 
"s special revelation _h be5 v\*saf$ to 
! poet beyond 8 natural ?\ghts1 to      
disclose to him ! secrets ( o!r sph]es4 
,he also made me read a portion ( t mo/ 
f9e & sweet poem on ! deliv]y ( ! holy  
city ,j]usalem1 compos$ by ,signor      
,torquato ,tasso1 a g5tleman :o resid$  
at t "t at ! c\rt ( ! ,duke ( ,f]r>a1 & 
:i* "o ,mr4 ,fairfax has s9ce done into 
,engli% v]se4 ,! fir/ f\r cantos !re( 7 
giv5 to ,mr4 ,wells by a "y g5tleman1 :o
 _h = a :ile /udi$ at ! ,univ]sity (    
,padua4 ,?is fair poem1 & mo/ly ! second
 book !re(1 ha? rema9$ impr9t$ 9 my     
memory ) a s+ul> fixity1 by reason t x  
prov$ ! occasion ( my disc]n+ = ! fir/  
"t a special incl9ation on ,hub]t's side
 t[>d myself1 :o ?\ght no?+ ( love1 b 0 
only glad to h acquir$ a fri5d end[$ ) s
 mu* wit & sup]ior k1 & will+ to imp>t  

x4 ,?is book1 ,i say1 did conta9 a      
n>ration :i* br$ 9 me s great a res5tm5t
 ( ! au?or's m]its1 & s quick a sympa?y 
) ! feign$ subjects ( 8 muse1 t nev]    
be=e or s9ce me?9ks has a fiction s mov$
 me z ! /ory ( ,ol9do & ,sophronisba4   
,me?9ks ?is 0 p>tly ascribable to a     
c]ta9 lik5ess betwe5 ! sc5es describ$ by
 ! poet & "s :i* take place at ?is "t 9 
our c\ntry4 ,9 ! maid5 ( high & noble   
?\ghts1 fair1 b he$less ( h] beauty1 :o 
/ood 9 ! pres5ce ( ! soldan1 once a     
,*ri/ian1 !n a r5egade1 tak+ on h]self !
 sole guilt1--,o virtu\s guilt6 ,o wor?y
 crime6--( :i* all ! ,*ri/ians 7 accus$1
 to wit1 ( rescu+ sacr$ ,m>y's image f !
 h&s ( ! infidels :o did curse &        
blaspheme x1 &1 :5 all 7 to die = ! act 
( "o unkn[n1 (f]$ h]self a ransom = all1
 & ) a %amefac$ c\rage1 su* z became a  
maid1 & a bold mode/y befitt+ a sa9t--a 
bosom mov$ inde$1 b n dismay$1 a fair b 
n pallid *eek--0 cont5t to p]i% = t !   
re/ %\ld live2--9 h]1 ,i say1 ,i saw a  
lik5ess 9 _s to ^? :o suff] n[adays = a 

l fai? ) h]s1 n at ! h&s ( infidels1 b (
 su* ^: p>5ts did = ! mo/ "p hold t same
 belief :i* !y d n[ make out to be      
treason4  ,hub]t1 obs]v+ me to be ?us   
mov$1 smil$1 & ask$ if1 9 ! l case1 ,i  
%\ld h will$ to die z ,sophronisba4     
,yes1 ,i answ]$1 if ,god did give me    
grace2 & !n1 z ,i utt]$ ! words1 ,i     
?\ght x %\ld n be lawful to tell a lie1 
n = to save all ! lives 9 ! _w2 :i* d\bt
 ,i imp>t$ to him1 :o laugh$ & said he 0
 ( ! poet's m9d1 :o do? exclaim1 t\*+   
?is lie1 ,o noble deceit6 wor?i] ?an    
tru? itself6 & t he ?\ght a s\l %\ld n  
suff] long 9 purgatory = su* a s94      
,maybe n1 ,i answ]$2 yet1 ,i we51 !re   
%\ld be m fai? 9 a sole commitm5t to    
,god ( ! ev5ts ?an 9 do+ ! lea/ evil s t
 good %\ld come ( x4  ,he said1 ,i      
m>vel1 ,mi/ress ,con/ance1 :at %\ld be  
y\r ?\ghts !reon if ! life ( a prie/ 0 9
 y\r h&s1 & y able to save him by a lie4
  ,v]ily1 ,i answ]$1 ,i "k n1 ,ma/]     
,rookwood2 b ,i h s mu* tru/ 9 ,almighty
 ,god t he w\ld1 9 su* a case1 put words

 into my m\? :i* %\ld be true1 & yet    
mislead evil-purpos$ m51 or t he %all   
keep me f su* fe>ful /raits1 or =give me
 if1 9 ! /ress ( a great p]il1 ,i       
unwitt+ly %\ld err4  ,& ,i pray y1      
,hub]t !n said1 z if n greatly c>+ to   
pursue ! !me1 :at be y\r ?\ght conc]n+ !
 unhappy y\? ,ol9do1 :o did s dote on   
?is maid5 t1 fe>ful ( (f5d+ !re :]e     
above #gec all he desir$ to please1 _h1 
greatly z he lov$1 little hop$1 no?+    
ask$1 & n s mu* z reveal$ 8 passion     
until a common fate b\nd bo? to an equal
 dea?8  ,i ?\ght n at all on him1 ,i    
answ]$2 b only on ,sophronisba4  ,at :i*
 he sigh$ & read fur!r3 ,t all wept = h]
 :o1 albeit doom$ to a cruel dea?1 wept 
n = h]self1 b 9 ?is wise secretly       
reprov$ ! fond y\?'s weep+3 ',fri5d1'   
quo? %e1 'o!r ?\ghts1 o!r te>s1 o!r     
sighs1 d beseem ?is h\r4 ,?9k ( ?y s9s1 
& ,god's great recomp5se = ! good4      
,suff] = 8 sole sake1 & torm5t %all be  
sweet4 ,see h[ fair ! heav5s d %[1 ! sun
 h[ bright1 z x 7 to *e] & lure u       

onw>d6'  ,ah6 ,i exclaim$1 %ame on him  
:o did ne$ to be s exhort$1 :o %\ld h   
be5 ! mo/ valiant1 be+ a man6 ,to ! :i* 
he quickly repli$3  ,he will$ to die ( 8
 own free w r ?an to live )\t h] :om he 
jewell$ m ?an life3 b 9 ! matt] ( griev+
 love do? make c[>ds ( ^? :o %\ld else h
 be5 brave4  ,me ?9ks1 r1 ,i answ]$1 t 9
 noble he>ts love's effects %\ld be     
noble4  ,be?9k y1 ,mi/ress ,con/ance1 he
 !n ask$1 t ,sophronisba did act        
comm5dably1 insomu* t :5 an unlook$-=   
deliv]ance came1 %e refus$ n to be unit$
 9 life to him t _h will$ to be unit$ to
 h] 9 dea?4  ,y may ?9k me ungrateful1  
sir1 answ]$2 b o!r m]its me?9ks ?an     
fondness = h]self %\ld h won s great a  
he>t4  ,y be h>d to cont5t1 ,mi/ress    
,con/ance1 he answ]$ some:at res5tfully4
 ,to satisfy y1 ,i p]ceive "o %\ld h a  
h>d z well z a great he>t4  ,nay1 ,i    
cri$1 ,i praise n h>dness1 b love n     
s(tness ei!r4 ,y t be s le>n$1 ,i pray y
 f9d ! ^w :i* do? express :at please? me
 9 a man4  ,i "k n ! ^w1 he answ]$2 ,i  

w\ld ,i knew ! sub/ance ( y\r lik+1 t ,i
 might furni% myself ) x4  ,:]eupon our 
disc\rse end$ t day2 b x m9i/]$ food to 
my ?\ghts1 & ,i fe> me also to a va9    
cont5t t "o s gift$ ) le>n+ & great     
promise ( future greatness %\ld ev9ce   
some?+ ( reg>d beyond a mutual fri5d%ip 
= "o z ignorant & "y z ,i !n 04  ,"s    
mon?s aft] ,kate's m>riage1 matt]s      
became v tr\blesome1 by reason ( ! kill+
 ( a great /ore1 z 0 report$1 ( ,fr5*   
,hugu5ots 9 ,p>is on ,/4 ,b>?olomew's   
day1 & aft]w>d 9 _m cities ( ,france1   
:i* did con/]nate ! ,engli% ,ca?olics = 
m reasons ?an "o1 & awoke s mu* rage 9 !
 brea/s ( ,prote/ants1 t ! ,fr5*        
ambassador told ,lady ,tregony1 a fri5d1
 ( ,mi/ress ,wells1 t he did sc>ce      
v5ture to %[ 8 face2 & none1 save only !
 que5 h]self1 :o is always 8 v good     
fri5d1 w\ld speak to him4 ,i 0 "o ev5+  
at ! h\se ( ,lady ,+oldby1 ,polly's     
"m-9-law1 "s "t aft] ?is dismal news _h 
be5 bruit$1 & ! company !re assembl$ did
 = ! mo/ "p disc\rse on ^! ev5ts1 n only

 z deplor+ :at _h tak5 place1 & condemn+
 ! au?ors !re(1--:i*1 inde$1 0 :at all  
good p]sons mu/ ne$s h done1--b took    
occasion !nce to use su* vile t]ms &    
opprobri\s language t\*+ ,ca?olic       
religion1 & ! cruelty & wick$ness ( su* 
z did pr(ess x1 )\t s mu* z a ?\ght ( ! 
mis]ies inflict$ on !m 9 ,engl&1        
t--albeit ,i _h be5 s*ool$ 9 ! h>d      
lesson ( sil5ce--s /rong a passion      
ov]came me !n1 t ,i _h well nigh1 z !   
,psalmi/ sai?1 spok5 ) my tongue1 yea1  
"y z ,i 01 utt]$ words ris+ hot f my    
he>t1 9 ! mid/ ( t adv]se company1 :i*  
,i did "k1 !m to be1 if "o _h n at #ged 
t mom5t lift$ up 8 voice1 ^: pres5ce ,i 
_h already not$1 ?\gh n acqua9t$ ) 8 "n2
 a man ( rev]5t & exce$+ly b5evol5t     
aspect2 ag$1 b ) an eye s bright1 &     
silv]y hair cr[n+ a noble =ehead1 t s   
mu* excell5ce & dignity is seldom to be 
obs]v$ 9 any "o z 0 app>5t 9 ?is        
g5tleman4  ,good fri5ds1 he said1 & at !
 s\nd ( 8 voice ! speak]s hu%$ _! eag]  
disc\rs+1 ,god def5d ,i %\ld 9 any way  

diff] ) y t\*+ ! massacres 9 ,france2 = 
v]ily x has be5 a lam5table & horrible  
?+ t s _m p]sons %\ld be kill$1 &       
religion to be ! pret5ce = x2 b to he>  
"s speak ( x1 "o %\ld ?9k none did suff]
 9 ?is c\ntry = _! fai?1 & bloody laws  
did n exi/1 :]eby ,papi/s are put to    
dea? 9 a legal1 cold-blood$ fa%ion1 m   
t]rible1 if possible1 ?an ! sudd5 bur/s 
( wild passions & civil /rife1 :i*      
rev5ge = late cruelties committ$ by !   
,hugu5ots1 :]e9 _m ?\s& ,ca?olics _h    
p]i%$1 ! de/ruction ( *ur*es1 havoc (   
fi]ce soldi]y1 & appreh5sion ( ! l      
attempts 9 ,p>is1 _h /irr$ up to fury2 s
 t :5 ! ^w w5t =? to fall on ! lead]s ( 
! p>ty1 ! savage "w once begun1 ev5 z a 
fire 9 a city built ( wood1 rag$ z a    
madness = "o :ile1 & m5 9 a panic /ruck 
at foes1 ^: gripe !y did ?9k to feel    
ab\t _! ?roats4  ,"h ! speak] paus$ an  
in/ant4 ,?is s bold op5+ ( 8 spee* did  
seem to take all pres5t by surprise1 &  
almo/ robb$ me ( my brea?2 = x is well  
kn[n t n[adays a ^w1 yea a piece ( a ^w1

 or a nod ( ! head1 :]eby any suspicion 
may arise ( a favorable disposition t[>d
 ,ca?olics1 is (t5-times a suffici5t    
cause = a man to be accus$ & ca/ into   
prison2 & ,i wait$ 8 next words 7:i* e  
"o1 p]adv5ture f curiosity1 did likewise
 seem incl9$ to he>7 ) d[nca/ eyes1 :i* 
d>$ n to glance at any "o's face1 &     
*eeks :i* burn$ l hot coals4  ,x is well
 kn[n1 quo? he1 t ! suff]+s :i* be      
endur$ by recusants at ?is "t 9 our     
c\ntry are su*1 t _m %\ld pref] to die  
at once ?an to be subject$ to s con/ant 
a fe> & t]ror z do? beset !m4 ,i speak n
 n[ ( ! tru? or ! falsity ( _! religion1
 :i*1 if x be ev] s damnable & wick$1 is
 no new inv5tion ( _! own1 b :at all    
,*ri/ian p did agree 91 "o hundr$ ye>s  
ago2 s t ! ag$ d b abide by :at !y 7    
taught by und\bt$ au?ority 9 _! y\?1 & !
 "y h receiv$ f _! p>5ts z true4 ,b ,i d
 solely av] t ,papi/s are subject$ to a 
?\s& vexations1 bo? ( bonds1            
imprisonm5ts1 & torm5ts worse ?an dea?1 
yea & (t5times to dea? itself2 & t s    

dreadful1 t to be sla9 by ! sword1 or   
dr[n$1 yea ev5 burn$ at ! /ake1 is n s  
t]rible2 = !y d hang a man & !n cut him 
d[n yet alive1 & but*] him 9 su*        
ways--pluck+ out 8 he>t & te>+ 8 limbs  
asund]--t no?+ m horrible c be ?\ght (4 
,!y be traitors :o are s us$1 cri$ "o   
g5tleman1 some:at recov]+ f ! surprise  
:i* ^! bold words _h caus$4  ,if to be (
 a diff]5t religion f ! sov]eign ( !    
c\ntry be a pro( ( treason1 cont9u$ !   
v5]able speak]1 !n 7 ! ,hugu5ots1 :i* h 
p]i%$ 9 ,france1 a :ole mass & ne/ (    
traitors4  ,a g5tleman seat$ beh9d me1  
:o _h a trick ( sleep+ 9 8 *air1 woke up
 & cri$ out1 ,n half a "o1 sirs2 n s mu*
 z half a "o is all[$1 mean+ ! mass1 :i*
 he did suppose to h be5 spok5 (4  ,& if
 s1 des]v$ all to die1' cont9u$ !       
speak]4  ,ay1 & s !y d1 sir1 quo? !     
sleep]4 ,i pray y let !m all be hang$4  
,^u :i* e "o #gee laugh$1 & ! ag$       
g5tleman also2 & !n he said1  ,good my  
fri5ds1 ,i we5 'tis a ra% ?+ to speak 9 
favor ( recusants n[adays1 & :at few    

c\ld d>e to d b su* z _c be suspect$ (  
disloyalty to ! que5 & ! c\ntry1 & :o1  
hav+ drunk ( ! cup ( affliction 9 _!    
y\?1 ev5 to ! dregs1 & held life = a    
long "t z a burd5 :i* ha? ne$ to be     
borne day by day1 until ! wi%$ = h\r (  
release do? come--& ! soon]1 ! m        
welcome--h no enemies to fe>1 & no      
object to atta94 ,& if s be t y w be> ) 
me = a few mom5ts1 yea1 if ye procure me
 to be hang$ to-morr[ 7?is he said ) a  
pleasant smile2 &1 ,m>ry1 fe> n1 ,mr4   
,rop]1 & ,i' fai?1 speak on1 sir1 0     
bruit$ r\nd him by 8 a/oni%$ auditors71 
,i w recite to y "s small "p ( ! mis]ies
 :i* h be5 endur$ ( late ye>s by su* z  
_c be *>g$ ) ! lea/ ?\ght ( treason1 or 
s mu* z ! lea/ (f5ce aga9/ ! laws1      
except 9 :at t\*es ! secret practice (  
_! religion4 ,wom5 h1 to my c]ta9 k1 be5
 hung up by ! h&s 9 prisons 7:i* d      
ov]fl[ ) recusants1 s t at ?is "t !re   
rema9e? no room = common malefactors71 &
 cruelly sc\rg$1 = t !y w\ld n confess  
by :i* prie/ !y _h be5 reconcil$ or     

absolv$1 or :]e !y _h he>d mass4 ,prie/s
 are (t5 tortur$ to =ce !m to decl>e :at
 !y he> 9 confession1 :o h>bor prie/s & 
,papi/s1 :]e su* & su* recusants are to 
be f\nd1 & ! l que/ions2 & 9 s /r5u\s a 
mann]1 t ne$les h be5 ?ru/ "u _! nails1 
& "o man1 n long s9ce1 di$ ( 8 rack+4 ,o
 sirs & g5tle ladies1 ,i h se5 ) m9e own
 eyes a y\?1 ! son ( "o ( my fri5ds--"y 
,m>k ,typp]1 born ( hone/ & ri* p>5ts1  
skilful 9 human le>n+1 hav+ left 8 /udy 
= a "t1 & go+ home to see 8             
fri5ds--:ipp$ ?r\gh ! /reets ( ,london1 
& burnt 9 ! e>1 because1 =soo?1 a =w>d  
judge1 to :om he _h be5 accus$ z a      
,papi/1 & f9d+ no pro( !re(1 condemn$   
him z a vagabond4 ,& :at ?9k y1 good p1 
( ! dea? ( ,sir ,rob]t ,tyrwit's son1 :o
 0 accus$ = he>+ ( a mass at ! m>riage (
 8 si/]1 & albeit at ! "t ( 8 arre/ 9 a 
griev\s fev]1 0 pull$ out ( ! h\se &    
?ru/ into prison1 ev5 z he !n 01 feeble1
 fa9t1 & griev\sly sick8 ,8 afflict$    
p>5ts entreat1 make int]cession1 & use  
all ! means !y c to move ! ju/ices to h 

consid]ation ( ! sick2 n to heap sorr[  
^u sorr[1 nor affliction on ! afflict$2 
n to take away ! life ( s comely a "y   
g5tleman1 :om ! physicians come & affirm
 w c]ta9ly die if he %\ld be remov$4    
,all ?is is no?+ reg>d$4 ,!y lay hold on
 ! sick man1 pull him away1 %ut him up 9
 prison1 & )9 two days next aft] he     
dies4 ,!y bury him1 & make no scruple or
 reg>d at all4 ,o sirs1 be?9k y :at ^!  
p>5ts d feel :5 !y he> ,engli%m5 speak (
 ! murd]s ( ,prote/ants 9 ,france z an  
unhe>d ( crime4 ,if1 9 ^! days1 "o 9 a  
family ( recusants do? covet !          
inh]itance ( an eld] bro!r--yea1 ( a    
fa!r--he ha? b to con=m to ! n[ e/abli%$
 religion 7,i leave y to ?9k ) h[ mu* ( 
piety & consci5ce71 & d5\nce 8 p>5t z a 
,papi/1 & /raightway he do? procure him 
to be despoil$1 & 8 l&s giv5 up to him4 
,?us ! se$s ( /rife & bitt] enmity h be5
 s[n broadca/ ?r\gh ! l&1 ! b&s ( love 9
 families de/roy$1 ! f\ndations ( honor 
& b5efic5ce bl[n up1 ! ve9s & s9ews ( ! 
common society ( m5 cut asund]1 & a     

fi5dly =ce ( viol5ce & a deadly poison (
 suspicion us$ aga9/ su* z are accus$ ( 
no o!r crime ?an _! religion1 :i* !y yet
 adh]e to2 albeit _! =tunes be ru9$ by  
f9es & _! lives 9 #gef con/ant jeop>dy f
 /r5u\s laws made yet m urg5t by private
 malice4 ,my fri5ds1 ,i w\ld t n "o hair
 ( ! head ( s mu* z "o ,hugu5ot _h be5  
t\*$ 9 ,france2 t n "o ,prote/ant _h    
p]i%$ 9 ! flames 9 ! late que5's reign1 
or 9 t ( h] pres5t maje/y2 & also t !   
p]secution n[ fram$ 9 ?is c\ntry aga9/  
,papi/s1 & s h&l$ z to bl9d m5's eyes & 
"w 9 !m a /range hypocrisy1 yea & 9 "s  
an innoc5t belief t fre$om ( m5's s\ls  
be ! (fspr+ ( ,prote/ant religion1 %\ld 
pass away f ?is l&4 ,i c>e n h[ soon 7z 
m9e honor$ fa!r-9-law1 & 9 ,god too1 ,i 
v]ily might add1 0 wont to say71--,i c>e
 n h[ soon ,i be sewn up 9 a bag & ca/  
into ! ,?ames1 if s be ,i might fir/ see
 religi\s diff]5ces at an end1 & m5 ( "o
 m9d t\*+ ,god's tru?4  ,"h ?is noble & 
c\rage\s speak] ceas$1 & v>i\s murmurs  
rose among ! company4 ,"o lady rem>k$ to

 h] neighbor3 ,a m>vell\s prea*] t (    
s$iti\s doctr9es1 me?9ks4  ,& "o        
g5tleman said t if su* talk 7 suff]$ to 
pass unpuni%$ 9 h] maje/y's subjects1 he
 %\ld look to see mass+ & ,pop]y to re> 
aga9 _! heads 9 ! l&4  ,& _m l\dly      
affirm$ none c\ld be ,papi/s1 or wi% !m 
well1 & be fri5ds to ! que5's gov]nm5t1 
& s x did /& to reason t ,papi/s 7      
traitors4  ,& ano!r said t1 = 8 "p1 he  
%\ld desire to see !m less m]cifully    
dealt )2 & t ! great clem5cy %[n to su* 
z did refuse to come to *ur*1 by only   
lay+ f9es on !m1 & n deal+ s r\ndly z   
%\ld compel !m to ob$i5ce1 did b ma9ta9 
!m 9 _! ob/9acy2 & he himself w\ld z    
lief %oot d[n a sem9>y prie/ z a wolf1  
or any o!r evil bea/4  ,i notic$ ?is la/
 speak] to be "o ( ^? :o _h spok5 ) mo/ 
abhorr5ce ( ! massacres 9 ,france4  ,"o 
lady call$ out 9 a l\d voice t ,papi/s1 
& su* z take _! "p1 among :i* %e did    
lam5t to see ,mr4 ,rop]1 %\ld be a%am$ s
 mu* z to speak ( p]secution2 & began to
 relate ! cruelties practis$ ^u         

,prote/ants tw5ty ye>s back1 & ! burn+  
at ,ox=d ( ^? excell5t godly m51 !      
bi%ops ( ,london & ,worce/]4  ,mr4 ,rop]
 li/5$ to h] ) an att5tive c\nt5ance1 & 
!n said3  ,i' fai?1 madam1 ,i _c *oose b
 ?9k ,dr4 ,latim]1 if x be he y speak (1
 did some:at approve ( su* a me?od (    
deal+ ) p]sons ob/9ate t\*+ religion1 :5
 o!rs ?an himself & ^? ( 8 own way (    
?9k+ 7 ! subjects ( x1 if we judge by a 
lett] he wrote 9 #aech to 8 s+ul> good  
fri5d ! ,"l ,privy ,seal ,cromwell1 at !
 "t he 0 appo9t$ to prea* at ! burn+ at 
,smi?field ( ,fri> ,=e/ ( ,gre5wi*1 a   
le>n$ div9e ,i (t5 did conv]se ) 9 my "y
 ye>s4  ,:at wrote ! good bi%op8 two or 
?ree p]sons ask$2 & ! lady :o _h spok5  
be=e said %e %\ld w>rant x to be some?+ 
pi\s1 = a m virtu\s ,prote/ant nev] did 
live ?an ?is holy m>tyr4  ,:]eupon ,mr4 
,rop]3 ,?is holy bi%op did op5 8        
disc\rse "r m]rily1 = 9 a pleasant mann]
 he ?us beg9s 8 lett]3 ',&1 sir1 if x be
 y\r pleasure1 z x is1 t ,i %all play ! 
fool 9 my cu/omable mann] :5 ,=e/ %all  

suff]1 ,i w\ld wi% my /age /ood ne> unto
 ,=e/2 = ,i w\ld endeavor myself s to   
cont5t ! p t !re) ,i might also conv]t  
,=e/1 ,god s help+4' ,& fur!r on he do? 
greatly lam5t t ! ,:ite ,fri>s (        
,donca/] _h access to ! prison]1 & ?r\gh
 ! fault ( ! %]iff or jail]s1 or bo?1 he
 %\ld be all[$ to he> mass & receive !  
sacram5t1 by :i* he is r com=t$ 9 8 way 
?an disc\rag$4 ,& su* is 8 fooli%ness1  
?is good #geg do? humbly say1 t if ,=e/ 
w\ld abjure 8 religion1 he %\ld yet 7=  
all 8 pa/ ob/9acy7 wi% him p>don$4 ,o   
sirs1 ?9k y t :5 at ,ox=d ?is ag$ man1  
sev5te5 ye>s aft]1 did see ! flames ga!r
 r\nd himself1 t he did n call to m9d   
:at "t he prea*$1 play+ ! fool1 z he    
sai?1 be=e a man 9 l agonies1 & nev]    
urg$ s mu* z "o ^w aga9/ 8 s5t5ce8      
,m>ry1 if he did n1 said "o1 :om ,i take
 to h be5 ,sir ,*ri/oph] ,wray1 :o _h   
be5 a sil5t li/5] until !n1 if 8        
consci5ce prick$ him n !reon1 x mu/ ne$s
 h be5 by ! same rule z ! lawy] us$ to !
 c\ntryman1 :o did put to him ?is "q3   

',sir1 if my c[ %\ld /ray into y\r field
 & fe$ !re "o :ole day1 :at %\ld be !   
law t\*+ comp5sation !re=8' ',m>ry1     
fri5d1 assur$ly to pay ! damage to !    
full1 :i* ?\ art b\nd5 at once to d4'   
',ay1' quo? ! c\ntryman2 'b 'tis y\r c[ 
ha? /ray$ into my field4' ,^u :i*1 ',g  
to1 g to1' cries ! lawy]2 '= ,i w>rant  
!e t do? altoge!r alt] ! law4'  ,"s     
smil$1 & o!rs murmur$ at ?is /ory2 &    
mean:ile "o ( ! company1 :o f 8 dress ,i
 p]ceiv$ to be a m9i/]1 & moreov] to    
hold "s dignity 9 ! ,prote/ant ,*ur*1   
rose f 8 place1 & cross+ ! room1 came up
 to ,mr4 ,rop] 7= t bold speak] 0 no o!r
 ?an ,sir ,?omas ,m's son-9--law1 ^:    
great *>ity & goodness ,i _h (t5 he>d   
(71 &1 %ak+ h&s ) him1 said3 ,i be ( !  
same m9d ) y1 fri5d ,rop]1 9 e ^w y h   
utt]$ tonight4 ,& ,i pray to ,god my s\l
 may be ) y\rs aft] ?is life1 & our end 
9 heav51 albeit ,i %\ld n sail !re 9 !  
same boat ) ?\4  ,good ,mr4 ,dean1 quo? 
,mr4 ,rop]1 ,i d say am5 to y\r pray]4 &
 !n he add$ some:at 9 a l[ voice1 &     

me?9ks x 0 t !re is b "o %ip *>t]$ =    
safety 9 su* a voyage4  ,at ! :i* ! o!r 
%ook 8 head & wav$ 8 h&1 & !n call+ to  
him a y\? n m ?an twelve or ?irte5 ye>s 
old1 8 son1 he did pres5t him to ,mr4   
,rop]4 ,i _h obs]v$ ?is "y g5tleman to  
li/51 ) an eag]ness betok5+ m ke5ness = 
in=mation ?an is usually to be f\nd 9   
y\?s ( 8 ye>s1 to ! disc\rses held t    
ev5+4 ,8 fa!r told ,mr4 ,rop] t ?is 8   
son's p>ts & quick appreh5sion 9 le>n+  
did lead him to hope he %\ld be "o day1 
if x pleas$ ,god1 an ornam5t to ! *ur*4 
,mr4 ,rop] smil$ z he salut$ ! y\?1 &   
said a few words to him1 :i* he answ]$ v
 readily4 ,i nev] saw aga9 t fa!r or t  
son4 ,! "o 0 ,dr4 ,ma!ws1 :om ! que5    
made ,bi%op ( ,durham2 & ! o!r1 ,toby   
,ma!ws1 8 son1 :o 0 reconcil$ "s ye>s   
ago1 &1 z ,i h he>d f "s1 is n[ a       
,jesuit4  ,! v5]able aspect ( ! good    
,mr4 ,rop] s engag$ my ?\ghts1 t ,i ask$
 ,lady ,tregony1 by ^: side ,i 0 sitt+1 
if %e 0 acqua9t$ ) him1 & if 8 virtue 0 
z great z 8 appe>ance 0 noble4 ,%e      

smil$1 & answ]$ t 8 appe>ance1 albeit   
honorable & comely1 0 n "o half s       
honorable z 8 life _h be51 or s comely z
 8 m9d4 ,t he _h be5 ! husb& ( ,sir     
,?omas ,m's nev]-to-be-=gott5 daught]1  
,m>g>et1 ^: memory he s rev]5tly did    
*]i% t he _h nev] s mu* z ?\ght ( a     
second m>riage2 & ( late ye>s1 s9ce he  
_h resign$ ! (fice ( sub-not>y 9 !      
,que5's ,b5* to 8 son1 he did give 8    
:ole sub/ance & 8 "t to ! s]vice ( !    
poor1 & especially to prison]s1 by      
reason ( :i* he 0 call$ ! /aff ( !      
sorr[ful1 & sure refuge ( ! afflict$4   
,n[1 !n1 ,i look$ on ! face ( ?is good  
ag$ man ) a deep] rev]5ce ?an h]et(ore4 
,n[ ,i long$ to be favor$ ) s #geh mu* (
 8 notice z "o pass+ ^w4 ,n[ ,i wat*$ = 
an opportunity to compass my desire1 &  
,i ?ank ,god n )\t effect2 = ,i d c\nt x
 z a *ief bless+ to h be5 honor$1 dur+ !
 rema9+ ye>s ( ?is virtu\s g5tleman's   
life1 ) s mu* ( 8 condesc5d+ goodness1 t
 if ! ^w fri5d%ip may be us$ 9 reg>d to 
su* affectionate feel+s z c exi/ betwe5 

"o v]g+ on f\r-score ye>s ( age & ( su* 
exalt$ m]it1 & a fooli% creature yet 9  
h] te5s1 :om he honor$ ) 8 notice1 x    
%\ld be s 9 ?is in/ance2 :]e9 on ! "o   
side a s+ul> rev]5ce & humble great     
affection did arise almo/ on fir/       
acqua9tance1 & on ! o!r s mu* b5ignity &
 goodness %[n 9 ! pa9s tak5 to cultivate
 su* good dispositions z _h be5 implant$
 9 ?is "y p]son's he>t by c>eful p>5ts1 
& to gu>d h] m9d aga9/ ! evils ( !      
times1 t no?+ c\ld be great]4  ,mr4     
,rop] *anc+ to come ne> u1 ,lady        
,tregony said some:at1 :i* caus$ him to 
address me 9 ?is wise3  ,& are !re1 !n1 
maid5s 9 ^! days n av]se to ! sight (   
gray hairs1 & :o mislike n to conv]se ) 
ag$ m58  ,?is 0 said ) s k9dly a smile t
 timidity vani%$1 & confid5ce took its  
place4  ,oh1 sir1 ,i cri$1 :5 ,i 0 n s  
mu* z five ye>s old1 my good fa!r %[$ me
 a picture ( ,sir ,?omas ,m1 & told me  
he 0 a man ( su* angelic wit z ,engl&   
nev] _h ! l be=e1 nor is ev] l to h     
aga91 & ( a mo/ fam\s & holy memory2 &  

me?9ks1 sir1 t y1 be+ 8 son-9-law1 :o   
knew 8 do+s & 8 m9d s well1 & liv$ s    
long 9 8 h\se1 mu/ ne$s 9 _m ?+s        
resemble him4  ,z to 8 do+s & 8 m9d1    
,mr4 ,rop] repli$1 no man liv+ kn[e? !m 
s well1 & if my mean wit1 memory1 & k   
c\ld s]ve me n[1 c\ld decl>e s mu* !re(4
 ,b t\*+ resemblance1 alas6 !re 0 b "o 9
 all ! _w t repres5t$ ! lik5ess ( 8     
virtues & p]fections2 "o :om he lov$ 9 a
 p>ticul> mann]1 & :o 0 wor?ie/ ( t love
 m ?an any creature ,god has made4  ,"h 
! good man's voice falt]$ a little1 & he
 made a /op 9 8 disc\rse2 b 9 a little  
:ile said t he _h ?\ght x behov$ him to 
set d[n 9 writ+ su* matt]s conc]n+ ,sir 
,?omas's life z he c\ld !n call to      
remembrance1 & t he w\ld l5d me !       
manuscript to read1 :i* ,i did e/eem an 
exce$+ great favor1 & "o ,i c\ld n      
suffici5tly ?ank him =4 ,!n he spoke    
some:at ( ! times1 :i* 7 wax+ e day m   
tr\blesome1 & told me he (t5 call$ to   
m9d a conv]sation he once _h ) ,sir     
,?omas1 walk+ along ! side ( ! ,?ames at

 ,*elsea1 :i* he relat$ 9 ^! words3     
',n[ w\ld to ,god1 my son ,rop]1' quo?  
,sir ,?omas1 ',i 7 put 9 a sack1 &      
pres5tly ca/ into ! ,?ames1 ^u condition
 t ?ree ?+s 7 well e/abli%$ ?r\gh\t     
,*ri/5dom4' ',& :at mighty ?+s are ^?1  
sir8' ,i ask$4 ,:]eupon he3 ',w\ld/ ?\  
"k1 son ,rop]1 :at !y be8' ',yea1 m>ry1 
sir1 ) a good w1 if x please y1' quo?   
,i4 ',i' fai?1 son1 !y be ^!1' he said3 
',! fir/ is t1 :]eas ! mo/ "p ( ,*ri/ian
 pr9ces are at mortal w>s1 !y 7 all at  
peace2 ! second t1 :]eas ! *ur* ( ,*ri/ 
is at pres5t sorely afflict$ ) s _m     
h]esies1 x 7 settl$ 9 p]fect uni=mity ( 
religion2 ! ?ird t1 :]e ! matt] ( ! k+'s
 m>riage is n[ come 9 "q1 x 71 to !     
glory ( ,god & ! quietness ( all p>ties1
 br\ght to a good conclusion4' ',ay1    
sir1' quo? ,i1 '^? 7 inde$ ?ree ?+s     
greatly to be desir$2 b'--,i cont9u$ ) a
 c]ta9 joy--':]e %all "o see a happi]   
/ate ?an 9 ?is realm1 t has s ,ca?olic a
 pr9ce t no h]etic #gei dur/ %[ 8 face2 
s virtu\s & le>n$ a cl]gy2 s grave &    

s\nd a nobility2 & s lov+1 ob$i5t       
subjects1 all 9 "o fai? agree+ toge!r8' 
',tru? x is inde$1 son ,rop]1' quo? he2 
& 9 all degrees & e/ates ( ! same w5t f>
 beyond me 9 comm5dation !re(4 ',& yet1 
son ,rop]1 ,i pray ,god1' said he1 't "s
 ( u1 z high z we seem to sit on !      
m\nta9s1 tread+ h]etics "u our feet l   
ants1 live n ! day t we w\ld gladly be  
at league & composition ) !m1 to let !m 
h _! *ur*es quietly to !mselves1 s t !y 
w\ld be cont5t$ to let u h ours quietly 
to ourselves4' ,aft] ,i _h told him _m  
consid]ations :y he _h no cause to say  
s3 ',well1' said he1 ',i pray ,god1 son 
,rop]1 "s ( u w live n to see t day4'   
,to :om ,i repli$3 ',by my tro?1 sir1 x 
is v desp]ately spok54' ,^! vile t]ms1  
,i cry ,god m]cy1 did ,i give him1 :o1  
p]ceiv+ me to be 9 a passion1 said      
m]rily unto me1 ',x %all n be s2 x %all 
n be s4' ,9 sixte5 ye>s & m1 be+ 9 !    
h\se conv]s+ ) him1 ,i c\ld n p]ceive   
him to be s mu* z once out ( temp]4     
,?is 0 ! fir/ ( _m conv]sations ,i held1

 dur+ ! ye>s ,i liv$ 9 ,holborn1 ) ?is  
wor?y g5tleman1 :o 0 n m pleas$ to      
relate1 ?an ,i to he>1 sundry anecdotes 
conc]n+ ,sir ,?omas ,m1 8 h\se1 & 8     
family4  ,be=e he left me t day1 ,i did 
make bold to ask him if he fe>$ n ill   
consequ5ces f ! c\rage\s words he _h us$
 9 a mix$1 yea r1 ) few exceptions1     
:olly adv]se1 company4  ,n mu*1 he      
answ]$4 ,m9e age2 ! k t !re are ^? :o   
w\ld n will+ly see me r\ghly h&l$1 & h  
p[] to prev5t x2 & )al no great conc]n1 
if x %\ld be s1 to h my lib]ty con/ra9$1
 yea1 my life %ort5$ by a few ye>s1 or r
 days1--do? move me to a great] fre$om (
 spee* ?an may g5]ally be us$1 & a      
notable indiff]5ce to ! results ( su*   
fre$om4  ,hav+ :isp]$ ! l fe>s ,i _h    
express$ to him to ,lady ,tregony1 %e   
did assure me 8 confid5ce 0 well bas$1 &
 t he _h connexions :i* w\ld by no means
 suff] him to be ?r[n into prison1 :i*  
%\ld be ! fate ( any "o else 9 t room :o
 _h spok5 b "o half1 yea "o t5? "p1 z   
boldly z he _h v5tur$ on4    ,,*apt]    

,,xii4  ,x 0 "s "t be=e ,i c\ld re/ore  
myself to my c\nt5ance1 aft] s mu* mov+ 
disc\rse1 s z to jo9 ) _s 9 ! sports & !
 danc+ :i* did ensue among ! "y p t     
ev5+4 ,b sob] ?\ghts & pa9ful !mes aft] 
a :ile gave place to m]rim5t2 & ! s\nd (
 music1 gay tattle1 & *e]ful /eps lur$  
me to su* enjoym5t z y\? is wont to take
 9 ^! k9ds ( pa/imes4 ,x 0 too mu* my   
wont to pursue ) eag]ness ! pres5t      
humor1 & dr9k deeply ( innoc5t pleasure 
:]e9 no h>m %\ld exi/ if enjoy$ )       
mod]ation4 ,b l 9 a horse on ^: neck !  
bridle is ca/1 :at began 9 a g5tle ambl+
 ends 9 wild gallopp+2 s lawful m]rim5t1
 if unre/ra9$1 (t5 ends 9 :at is        
unbeseem+1 & 9 "s sort blameable4 ,s ?is
 "t1 :5 danc+ tir$1 a r+ 0 =m$ =        
conv]sation1 & ! *oice ( ! night's      
pa/ime yield$ to my discretion2 alack1 r
 to my imprud5ce & folly1 me?9ks ,i     
might /yle x4 ,i *ose t argum5ts %\ld be
 held by two p]sons ( ! company1 turn by
 turn1 & t a judge %\ld be nam$ to allot
 a rew>d to ! wor?ie/1 & a p5ance to !  

wor/4 ,?is lik$ !m all exce$+ly1 & by "o
 cons5t !y appo9t$ me to be judge1 & to 
summon su* z %\ld dispute4 #gfj ,!re 7  
!re two "y g5tlem5 :i* haunt$ our h\se1 
& ,lady ,+oldby's also4 ,"o 0 ,m>t9     
,tregony1 ,lady ,tregony's nephew1 an   
ill-favor$ "y man1 ) mann]s worse ?an 8 
face1 & s api% & foppi% 9 8 dress &     
behavior1 t no "y woman c\ld abide him1 
mu* less w\ld receive 8 addresses1 or if
 %e did ent]ta9 him 9 conv]sation1 x 0  
to make sport ( 8 s great conceit4 ,he  
_h an ill-natur$ k9d ( wit1 m %>p ?an   
ke51 m bit+ ?an s>ca/ic4 ,he /udi$ ! art
 ( giv+ pa91 & (t5times did cause       
%amefac$ m]it to blu%4 ,! o!r 0 ,mr4    
,?omas ,%]wood1 :o1 albeit n v ne> 9    
blood to my fa!r1 01 h[soev]1 ( ! same  
family z ourselves4 ,he _h be5 to !     
,engli% ,college 9 ,d\ay1 & _h br\ght me
 tid+s a %ort "t back ( my fa!r &       
,edmund ,g5+s' safe arrival ?i!r1 &     
aft]w>d came (t5 to see u1 & mu*        
frequ5t$ ,lady ,tregony's h\se4 ,he _h  
exce$+ly good p>ts1 b 0 some:at diffid5t

 & ba%ful4 ,m>t9 ,tregony 0 wont to make
 him a m>k1 z x 71 ( 8 ill-natur$ wit1 &
 did fancy himself to be greatly 8      
sup]ior 9 %>pness1 p>tly because ,mr4   
,%]wood's disposition 0 retir+1 & p>tly 
t he _h too mu* goodness & s5se to b&y  
words ) s ill-mann]$ a "y man4 ,i pray y
 :o read ?is1 c\ld aught be m indiscreet
 ?an1 9 a ?\ghtless mann]1 to h summon$ 
^! two to dispute8 :i* nev]!less ,i did1
 ?9k+ "s sport %\ld arise out ( x1 to   
see ,ma/] ,m>t9 foi/$ 9 argum5t by "o he
 despis$1 & also f 8 extravagant ge/ures
 & affect$ c\nt5ances4 ,s ,i said3      
,ma/] ,tregony1 y\r task %all be to     
dispute ) ,ma/] ,%]wood2 & ?is ! !me (  
y\r argum5t1 ',! ,art ( ,torm5t+4' ,he  
:o %all describe ! nice/ in/ances ( su* 
skill1 :5 ex]cis$ by a ma/] t[>d 8      
s]vant1 a p>5t to 8 *ild1 a husb& to 8  
wife1 a wife to h] husb&1 a lov] to 8   
mi/ress1 or a fri5d to 8 fri5d1 %all be 
proclaim$ victori\s2 & 8 adv]s>y submit 
to su* p5ance z ! c\rt %all inflict4    
,ma/] ,%]wood %ook 8 head = to decl9e to

 ent] ^! li/s2 b all ! "y g5tlem5 &     
ladies cri$1 he %\ld n be suff]$ to %[  
contempt ( ! c\rt1 & =c$ him to /& up4  
,ma/] ,m>t9 0 no?+ lo?1 & 9 8 ill-favor$
 c\nt5ance !re appe>$ a made smile1 :i* 
did indicate an assurance ( victory2 s  
he began3  ,! m wit a man ha?1 ! bett]  
able he %all be at times to torm5t      
ano!r2 s ,i d premise1 & at ! outset (  
?is argum5t decl>e1 t to blame a man = !
 ex]cise ( a tal5t he do? possess is    
d[nright impiety1 & t to w\nd ano!r by !
 pung5cy ( home-?ru/s 9 conv]sation is z
 j a lib]ty 9 an +5i\s man1 z ! use ( 8 
sword 9 a battle is to a soldi]4  ,mr4  
,%]wood ^u ?is repli$1 t he did all[ a  
public disputation1 appo9t$ by meet     
judges1 to come "u ! "n ( a fair battle2
 b ev5 9 a battle 7he said7 g5]\s       
combatants aim n s mu* at w\nd+ _!      
adv]s>ies1 z to ! dis>m+ ( !m2 & t he :o
 9 private conv]sation do? make a weapon
 ( 8 tongue is l unto ! man :o provokes 
ano!r to a s+le combat1 :i* = ,*ri/ians 
is n lawful1 & pi]ces him easily :o has 

less skill 9 wield+ ! sword ?an himself4
  ,m>ry1 sir1 quo? ,ma/] ,m>t91 if y    
dobr+ piety into y\r disc\rse1 me?9ks ! 
rules ( j debate be n obs]v$2 = x is an 
unfair ?+ = to ov]rule a man ) argum5ts 
he do? n d>e to reply to "u pa9 (       
spiritual c5sures4  ,i cry y m]cy1 ,ma/]
 ,m>t91 quo? ! o!r2 y did br+ 9 impiety1
 & s me?\ght piety %\ld n be exclud$4   
,at ! :i* we all applaud$1 & ,m>t9 began
 to p]ceive 8 adv]s>y to be less #gfa   
contemptible ?an he _h suppos$4  ,n[ to 
! po9t1 ,i cri$2 = exordiums be t$i\s4  
,i pray y1 g5tlem51 beg91 & po9t out "s 
notable fa%ion :]e) a ma/] might torm5t 
8 s]vant4  ,^u :i* quo? ,m>t93 ,if a man
 ha? a sick s]vant1 & do? note 8 fancy  
to be set on "s indulg5ce n ( /rict     
necessity1 & %\ld !re=e d5y x to him1   
me?9ks t %\ld be a r>e opportunity to   
ex]cise 8 tal5t4  ,nay1 cri$ ,ma/]      
,%]wood1 a nic] "o1 & ev] at h& aft]w>d1
 %\ld be to %[ k9dness once to a dep5d5t
 :5 sick1 & to use him t5 times ! worse 
= x :5 he is well1 upbraid+ him = su*   

pa/ favors1 z if "o %\ld say3 ',alack1  
be z k9d z y w1 see :at return y d meet 
)6'  ,?is la/ piece ( +5uity 0 all[$ by 
! c\rt to surpass ! fir/4 ,n[1 ,i cri$1 
:at %\ld be ! greate/ torm5t a p>5t c\ld
 inflict on a *ild8  ,m>t9 answ]$3 ,if x
 %\ld be fond ( public div]sion1 to     
conf9e x 9-doors4 ,if retirem5t suits   
its temp]1 to compel x abroad4 ,if x    
%\ld delight 9 ! !atre1 to take x to see
 a good play1 & at ! mom5t :5 ! plot    
%all wax mo/ mov+1 to say x mu/ be tir$1
 & procure to s5d x home4 ,or1 9 m      
weighty matt]s1--a daught]'s m>riage1 = 
in/ance1--to detect if ! w5* ha? set h] 
he>t on "o lov]1 & if s1 to keep f h] ! 
k ( ?is g5tleman's addresses2 & :5 %e   
ha? accept$ ano!r1 to let h] "k ! fir/  
_h su$ = h] h&1 & be5 dismiss$4  ,"h all
 ! "y g5tlewom5 did exclaim t ,ma/]     
,%]wood c\ld by no means ?9k ( a m      
skilful torm5t ?an ?is %\ld prove4 ,he  
?\ght = an in/ant1 & !n said3  ,x %\ld  
be a f9] & m delicate torm5t to /ir up 9
 a "y g5tlewoman's m9d suspicions ( "o  

%e lov$1 & s "w on h] natural passions (
 jeal\sy & pride1 t %e %\ld h]self1 9 a 
ha/y mood1 disc>d h] lov]2 & ev] aft]1  
:5 ! act 0 n recallable1 rem9d h] %e    
h]self _h wr\ght h] own unhapp9ess1 &   
w\nd$ "o %e lov$4  ,yea1 t %\ld be worse
 ?an ! fir/ torm5t1 all b "o "y lady    
cri$ out2 :o1 = h] "p1 c\ld bett]       
endure1 %e said1 to h injur$ h]self ?an 
to be deceiv$1 z 9 ! fir/ case4  ,!n d  
come husb&s1 quo? ,mr4 ,m>t92 & ,i v[1  
he cri$1 ,i "k n h[ to cr$it !re be su* 
vile wret*es 9 ! _w z %\ld wi% to torm5t
 _! wives2 b if su* !re be1 me?9ks !    
sure/ me?od !y may practise is1 to lov+ 
wives to %[ indiff]5cy2 to su* z be     
jeal\s1 secrecy2 to su* z be pi\s1      
pr(an5ess2 & ! l 9 all ! po9ts :]eon _! 
affections are set4  ,alack6 cri$       
,mi/ress ,frances ,bellamy1 :at a /udy !
 man ha? made ( ?is f9e art6 ,g5tlewom5 
%\ld ne$s bew>e ( su* a "o = a husb&4   
,:at do? ,ma/] ,%]wood say8  ,:]eupon   
he3 ,me?9ks ! greate/ torm5t a husb&    
might inflict on a wor?y wife %\ld be to

 di%onor h] love by 8 bas5ess2 or if he 
_h injur$ h]1 to d\bt h] pron5ess to    
=give4  ,& wives1 quo? ,mi/ress         
,s\?well1--:at ( _! skill !re91 g5tlem58
  ,x be su*1 cri$ ,m>t91 z %\ld exce$   
m5's ability !re( to speak4 ,! greate/  
in/ance ( tal5t ( ?is sort ,i h witness$
 is 9 a "y m>ri$ lady1 ^: husb& is v    
will+ to /ay 9 8 h\se or g abroad1 or   
reside 9 t[n1 or at 8 seat 9 ! c\ntry1 z
 %\ld mo/ please h]1 s %e w\ld let him  
"k h] wi%es4 ,b %e is s artful 9        
conceal+ !m1 t ! poor man c nev] le>n s 
mu* z %\ld cause him to guess :at !y may
 be2 b ) a meek voice %e do? reply to 8 
ask+1 ',an x please y1 sir1 let x #gfb  
be z y *oose1 = y v well "k ,i nev] d   
oppose y\r w4' ,!n if he resolve to     
leave t[n1 %e make? n mu* ado till !y h 
rode tw5ty or ?irty miles out ( ,london4
 ,!n %e do? beg9 to sigh & weep1 = t %e 
%\ld be a mo/ ill-us$ creature1 & h]    
he>t almo/ brok5 = to leave h] fri5ds1 &
 be %ut up = six mon?s 9 a swamp1 = su* 
%e do? t]m 8 e/ate2 & if %e %\ld n h    

left ,london t same day1 %e %\ld h be5  
at ! ,"l ,mayor's banquet1 & se5 ! ,fr5*
 pr9ces1 :i*1 above all ?+s1 %e _h      
desir$4 ,b "s husb&s be s h>d-he>t$1 if 
!y c hunt & hawk1 'tis little c\nt !y   
make ( _! wives' pleasures4 ,!n :5 %e   
ha? almo/ provok$ ! good man to swe>1 %e
 hange? d[n h] head & sai?1 ',cont5t y1 
sir--cont5t y2 'tis y\r good =tune to h 
an ob$i5t wife4' ,& s mopes all ! "t ( !
 j\rney4  ,:il/ ,m>t9 0 speak+1 ,i not$ 
a "y g5tlewoman :o did deeply blu% :il/ 
he spoke1 & te>s came into h] eyes4 ,i  
he>d aft]w>d %e _h be5 lately m>ri$1 & t
 he c\nt]feit$ h] voice 9 s precise a   
mann]1 s t all su* z knew h] mu/ ne$s   
believe h] to be ! wife he spoke (2 & t 
!re 0 s mu* ( tru? 9 ! picture he _h    
drawn1 z to make x seem a lik5ess1      
albeit mo/ unju/ t[>d "o :o1 ?\gh apt to
 boa/ ( h] ob$i5ce1 & to utt] sundry    
trifl+ compla9ts1 0 a fond wife & t[>d  
lady to h] de> husb&2 & t ?is malice 9  
,mr4 ,tregony1 ov] & above 8 wont$      
spite1 0 due to h] rejection ( 8 h& "s  

%ort "t be=e h] m>riage4 ,ma/] ,%]wood1 
see+ ! ungraci\s g5tleman's ill-nature &
 ! lady's confusion1 /ood up ! m spe$ily
 to reply1 & s cut him %ort4 ,i w       
relate1 he said1 a yet m +5i\s practice 
( torm5t+1 :i* %\ld seem ! highe/ pro( (
 skill 9 a wife1 albeit also practis$ by
 husb&s1 only n s aptly1 or p]adv5ture s
 (t54 ,& ?is is :5 "o ha? (f]$ to ano!r 
a notable insult or affront1 s to turn !
 tables1 ev5 z a conjuror ! c>ds he do? 
h&le1 t /raightway ! (f5d$ p>ty %all    
seem to be ! (f5d]1 & be oblig$ to sue  
=giv5ess = t :]e9 he himself is hurt4 ,i
 pray y1 g5tlem5 & ladies1 c any?+ m    
+5i\s ?an ?is practice be ?\ght on8     
,all did admit x to be a r>e example (  
ability 9 torm5t+2 b "s object$ x 0 n   
solely ex]cis$ by wives & husb&s1 b t   
fri5ds1 lov]s1 & all sorts ( p]sons     
might use x4 ,!n "o g5tleman call$ = "s 
special in/ance ( ! art 9 lov]s4 ,b     
ano!r said x 0 a natural in/9ct1 & n an 
art1 9 su* to torm5t "o ano!r1 &        
likewise _! own selves1 & propos$ !     

behavior ( fri5ds 9 t respect z a m new 
& admirable !me4  ,ah1 quo? ,ma/] ,m>t91
 ) an affect$ wave ( 8 h&1 fir/ %[ me an
 in/ance ( a true fri5d%ip betwixt      
ladies1 or a s9c]e affection betwixt    
g5tlem52 & !n x w be "t = to describe ! 
arts :]eby !y d plague & torm5t ea* o!r4
  ,mr4 ,%]wood answ]$1 ,a ,fr5* g5tleman
 said1 a %ort "t s9ce1 t x %\ld be a    
piece ( comm5dable prud5ce to live ) y\r
 fri5d z look+ t he %\ld "o day be y\r  
enemy4 ,n[ we be w>rant$1 by ,ma/]      
,tregony's spee*1 to conclude 8         
fri5d%ips to be enmities 9 fair         
disguise2 & ! practices :]e) fri5ds     
torm5t ea* o!r no d\bt %\ld apply to ?is
 case also2 & s 8 exceptions ne$ 9 no   
wise alt] ! !me ( our argum5t4 ,i pray  
y1 sir1 beg91 & "n "s notable in/ance 9 
:i*1 )\t any app>5t brea* ( fri5d%ip1 ! 
appe>ance ( :i* is 9 bo? in/ances       
suppos$1 "o may be/ w\nd 8 fri5d1 or1 z 
,mr4 ,tregony ha? x1 ! disguis$ object (
 8 hatr$4  ,i notic$ t ,ma/] ,m>t9      
glanc$ #gfc malici\sly at 8 adv]s>y1 &  

!n answ]$1 ,! highe/ ex]cise ( su*      
ability %\ld be1 me?9ks1 to get         
possession ( a secret :i* y\r fri5d1 or 
disguis$ enemy1 has be5 at great pa9s to
 conceal1 & to let him "k1 by su* means 
z %all hold him 9 p]petual fe>1 b nev] 9
 full assurance ( ! same1 t y h x 9 y\r 
p[] to accuse him at any "t ( t :i* %\ld
 procure him to be ?r[n into prison1 or 
maybe hang$ on a gibbet4  ,a pal5ess    
spread ov] ,ma/] ,%]wood's face1 n      
caus$1 ,i we51 by fe> s mu* z by ang] at
 ! meanness ( "o :o1 f envy & spite1 ev5
 9 ! fre$om ( social h\rs1 %\ld h9t at  
secrets s weighty z w\ld t\* ! lib]ty1  
yea1 ! life1 ( "o he call$ 8 fri5d2 &   
/&+ up1 he answ]$1 :il/ ,i1 n[ too late 
disc]n+ m9e own folly 9 ! propos+ ( a   
dang]\s pa/ime1 trembl$ 9 e limb4  ,i   
"k1 quo? he1--,i "k a yet m +5i\s       
in/ance ( ! skill ( a malici\s he>t4 ,to
 hang a sword ov] a fri5d's head1 &     
cause him to appreh5d its fall1 mu/ ne$s
 be a well-practis$ device2 b if x be   
done 9 s skilful a mann] t ! weapon %all

 ?reat5 n himself alone1 b make him1 z x
 71 ! in/rum5t ( ru9 to o!rs de>] to him
 ?an 8 own life1--if1 by ! appe>ance (  
fri5d%ip1 ! reality ( :i* su* a he>t    
kn[e? n1 he ha? be5 to su* confid5ce z  
%all be ! means ( sorr[ to ^? :o h      
befri5d$ him 9 ano!r mann] ?an ?is false
 fri5d1 ?is true foe1--! triumph is !n  
complete4 ,malice & hatr$ c devise      
naught beyond x4  ,m>t9's eyes gl>$ s   
fe>fully1 & 8 voice s\nd$ s ho>se1 z he 
hesitat$ 9 answ]+1 t1 9 a sort (        
desp]ation1 ,i /ood up1 & cri$1 ,long   
en\gh h ^! two g5tlem5 _h ! talk to     
!mselves4 ,v]ily1 me?9ks !re be no      
conqu]or1 b a drawn game 9 ?is in/ance4 
,b a murmur rose among ! company t ,ma/]
 ,%]wood 0 victori\s1 & ,ma/] ,tregony  
%\ld d p5ance4  ,:at %all x be8 0 ask$2 
& all ) "o voice did op9e ,ma/] ,%]wood 
%\ld "n x1 = he 0 z mu* belov$ z ,ma/]  
,tregony 0 mislik$4 ,he 7,%]wood71      
albeit some:at inw>dly mov$1 ,i we51 _h 
re/ra9$ 8 indignation1 & cri$ out       
m]rily1 ,m>ry1 s w ,i6 ,look me 9 !     

face1 ,m>t91 & give me ?y h&4 ,?is %all 
be ?y p5ance4  ,! o!r did s2 b a fi5dly 
look ( res5tm5t 0 9 8 eyes2 & me?9ks    
,?omas ,%]wood mu/ ne$s h rememb]$ !    
grasp ( 8 h& to =give x1 ,i d\bt n1 ev5 
at ! foot ( ! scaffold4  ,f t day ,m>t9 
,tregony conceiv$ an implacable hatr$ = 
,ma/] ,%]wood1 :om he _h feign$ a great 
fri5d%ip = on 8 fir/ arrival 9 ,london1 
because he hop$1 by 8 means & influ5ce )
 8 aunt1 to procure h] to pay 8 debts4  
,b aft] he _h ?r[n (f ! mask1 he only   
wait$ = an opportunity to d5\nce him1   
be+ privy to 8 hav+ br\ght a prie/ to   
,lady ,tregony's h\se1 :o _h also said  
mass 9 h] *apel4 ,s "o day meet+ him 9 !
 /reets1 he cri$ out1 ,/op ! traitor6   
/op ! traitor6 & s caus+ him to be      
appreh5d$1 _h him be=e ! next ju/ice ( !
 peace2 :]e1 :5 !y 7 come1 he c\ld      
allege no?+ aga9/ him1 b t he suspect$  
him to be a ,papi/4 ,^u :i* he 0 exam9$ 
conc]n+ 8 religion1 &1 refus+ to admit !
 que5's *ur*-head%ip1 he 0 ca/ into a   
dungeon 9 ! ,t[]4 ,8 lodg+s 7 plund]$1 &

 ,l#be1 :i* he _h amass$1 z ,i knew1 :o 
_h assi/$ him to procure x1 = ! use ( 8 
ag$ & sick fa!r1 :o _h be5 lately ca/   
into prison 9 ,lanca/]1 0 c>ri$ (f ) !  
re/4 ,he 0 cruelly rack$1 we he>d1 = t  
he w\ld n reveal :]e he _h he>d mass2 & 
kept #gfd 9 a d>k fil?y hole1 :]e he    
endur$ v mu* f hung]1 /5*1 & cold4 ,no  
"o be+ all[$ to visit him--= ! ,t[] 0 n 
l "s o!r prisons :]e ,mi/ress ,w>d &    
o!rs c\ld sometimes p5etrate--or af=d   
him any com=t1 ,mr4 ,rop] _h1 by means (
 ano!r prison]1 convey$ to 8 keep] "s   
money = 8 use2 b ! keep] return$ x !    
next day1 because ! lieut5ant ( ! ,t[]  
w\ld n suff] him to h ! b5efit ( x4 ,all
 he c\ld be prevail$ ^u to d 0 to lay   
out "o poor sixp5ce = a little fre% /raw
 = him to lie on4 ,ab\t six mon?s aft]1 
he 0 br\ght to trial1 & condemn$ to die1
 = d5y+ ! que5's supremacy1 & 0 execut$ 
at ,tyburn1 accord+ to s5t5ce1 be+ cut  
d[n :il/ he 0 yet alive1 dismemb]$1     
b[ell$1 & qu>t]$4  ,poor ,lady          
,tregony's he>t did almo/ break at ?is 8

 end & h] k9sman's "p 9 x2 & dur+ ^? six
 mon?s--= %e w\ld n leave ,london :il/  
,?omas ,%]wood 0 yet alive--,i did      
con/antly visit h]1 almo/ e day1 &      
betwixt u !re did exi/ a sort ( fell[%ip
 9 our sorr[ = ?is wor?y "y man's       
suff]+s2 = t %e did reproa* h]self =    
lack ( prud5ce 9 n suffici5t di/ru/ ( h]
 own nephew1 :om n[ %e refus$ to see1 at
 lea/1 %e said1 until he _h rep5t$ ( 8  
s91 :i* he1 glory+ 91 _h told h]1 ! only
 "t !y _h met1 he %\ld s]ve h] 9 ! same 
mann]1 & if he c\ld ev] f9d out %e he>d 
mass1 %\ld get h] a lodg+ 9 ! ,t[]1 & = 
himself h] e/ate 9 ,norfolk1 :i!r %e 0  
!n purpos+ to retire1 & did d s aft]    
,ma/] ,%]wood's execution4 ,= m9e own   
"p1 z once be=e my fa!r's appreh5d$     
dang] _h div]t$ my m9d f *ildi% folly1 s
 did ! tragical result ( an ent]ta9m5t1 
:]e9 ,i _h be5 c>ri$ away by ?\ghtless  
mir?1 some:at sick5 me ( company &      
sports4 ,i w5t abroad n mu* ! next ye>2 
only 0 (t5 at ,mr4 ,wells's h\se1 & 9   
,hub]t's society1 :i* _h become s       

habitual to me t ,i 0 almo/ p]suad$ !   
pleasure ,i took !re9 proce$$ f a mutual
 incl9ation1 & ,i c\ld obs]ve ) :at     
jeal\sy he wat*$ any :om ,i did seem to 
speak ) or all[ ( any civility at _!    
h&s4 ,ev5 ,ma/] ,%]wood he w\ld jal\se1 
if he f\nd me weep+ ov] 8 fate2 & said  
he 0 happi] 9 prison1 = :om su* te>s did
 fl[1 ?an he at lib]ty1 = :om ,i %[$ no 
l reg>d4 ,oh1 ,i w\ld answ]1 he is happy
 because1 ,ma/] ,rookwood1 8 suff]+s are
 = 8 ,god & 8 consci5ce' sake1 & n su* z
 arise f a poor human love4 ,envy him 8 
fai?1 8 pati5ce1 8 hope1 :i* make him   
cry out1 z ,i "k he do?1 ',o my ,"l     
,jesu6 ,i am n wor?y t ,i %\ld suff] ^! 
?+s = !e2' & n ! compassionate te>s ( a 
paltry w5* t 9 "s sort 0 ! means to     
plunge him 9 ^! /raits4  ,9 ! spr+ ( !  
ye> :i* did foll[1 ,i he>d f my fa!r1 :o
 _h be5 orda9$ at ! ,engli% ,college at 
,rheims1 & 0 on ! wat*1 he adv]tis$ me1 
= an opportunity to return to ,engl&1 = 
to ex]cise ! sacr$ m9i/ry among/ 8 poor 
,ca?olic bre?r54 ,b at :i* port he %\ld 

l&1 or :i!r direct 8 /eps1 if he effect$
 a safe l&+1 he d>$ n = to commit to    
pap]4 ,he said ,edmund ,g5+s _h fall5   
into a mo/ dang]\s consumption1 p>tly by
 ! extraord9>y pa9s he took 9 8 /udies1 
& p>tly 9 8 spiritual ex]cises1 insomu* 
t ! physicians _h almo/ despair$ ( 8    
recov]y1 & t ! presid5t _h 9 consequ5ce 
resolv$ to s5d him into ,engl&1 to try  
*ange ( air4 ,t he _h left ,rheims )    
great regret1 & w5t on 8 j\rney1 z f> z 
,havre de ,grace1 &1 aft] a =tnight's   
/ay 9 t place1 hav+ pray$ to ,god v     
he>tily = ! recov]y ( 8 heal?1 s t he   
might return1 &1 )\t fur!r #gfe delay1  
cont9ue 8 /udies = ! prie/hood1 he felt 
himself v mu* bett]1 almo/ z well z ev] 
he 0 9 8 life2 ^u :i* he return$ to 8   
college1 & took up aga91 ) exce$+ great 
f]vor1 8 =m] mann] ( life2 &1 my fa!r   
add$1 8 common expression1 z (t5 z talk 
is m9i/]$ ( ,engl& & m>tyrdom !re1 is   
?is3 ',vivamus 9 spe6 ,vivamus 9 spe6'  
,?is lett] did ?r[ me into an exce$+    
great appreh5sion t my fa!r might fall  

into ! h&s ( ! que5's (fic]s at any "t  
he %\ld l&1 & ! fir/ news ,i %\ld he> ( 
him to be t he 0 ca/ into prison4 ,& z  
,i knew no ,ca?olic prie/ c\ld dwell 9  
,engl& ) out he did assume a feign$ "n1 
& mo/ly s "o ( 8 /ation1 & at "o "t well
 not$ z a g5tleman & a recusant1 ,i n[  
nev] he>d ( any prie/ arre/$ 9 any "p ( 
,engl& b ,i fe>$ x %\ld be him4  ,hub]t 
,rookwood 0 n[ m ?an ev] at ,mr4 ,lacy's
 h\se1 & 9 8 libr>y1 = !y did bo?       
affection ! same pursuits1 albeit ) v   
diff]5t abilities2 & ,i 0 us$ to        
transcribe = !m div]s passages f        
manuscripts & books1 tak+ great]        
pleasure1 s to sp5d "t1 ?an to embroid] 
9 ,kate's room1 ! compass ( ^: ?\ghts   
became ea* day m n>r[1 & h] mann] ( talk
 m ta/eless4 ,hub]t seem$ n well pleas$ 
:5 ,i told him my fa!r _h be5 orda9$    
abroad4 ,i ga!r$ ?is f a tr\bl$ look 9 8
 eyes1 & an increas+ pal5ess1 :i*       
betok5$1 to my n[ obs]vant eyes1        
emotions :i* he gave n v5t to 9 words at
 all1 or lea/ways 9 any t %\ld express  

/rong res5tm5t4 ,8 sil5ce always fright$
 me m ?an ang] 9 o!rs4 ,he _h acquir$ a 
great influ5ce ov] me1 &1 albeit ,i 0   
(t5 ill at ease 9 8 company1 ,i ill     
brook$ 8 abs5ce4 ,he 0 a zeal\s         
,ca?olic1 & did adduce argum5ts & pro(s 
9 behalf ( 8 religion ) r>e ability4 ,"s
 ( 8 writ+s :i* ,i copi$ at t "t _h a   
cog5cy & cle>ness 9 _! reasons & /yle1  
:i* 9 my poor judgm5t betok5$ a s+ul>   
%>p und]/&+ & +5uity ( le>n+2 b 9 8     
conv]sation1 & writ+s also1 0 lack+ !   
f]v5cy ( _s1 ! w>m? ( dev\t aims1 !     
indiff]5cy to worldly reg>ds1 :i* %\ld  
belong to a truly ,*ri/ian s\l1 or else 
! nobl5ess & fre$om ( spee* :i* "s d    
possess f natural temp]4 ,b 8 atta9m5ts 
7 f> sup]ior to ^? ( ! "y m5 ,i us$ to  
see at ,mr4 ,wells's1 & su* z gave him  
an extraord9>y reputation among/ !      
p]sons ,i 0 wont to associate )1 :i*    
contribut$ n a little to ! value ,i did 
set on 8 pref]5ce1 ( :i* no pro(s 7     
want+1 save an op5 pay+ ( 8 addresses to
 me1 :i* by reason ( 8 "y age & m9e1 & !

 poorness ( 8 prospects1 be+ b a y\ng]  
son ( a c\ntry g5tleman1 0 easy (       
acc\nt4 ,he _h a great desire = weal? & 
= all k9d ( greatness1 & us$ to speak ( 
le>n+ z a road to x4  ,9 ! spr+ ( t ye>1
 my ,"l ,surrey left ,cambridge1 & came 
to live at ,h[>d ,h\se ) 8 lady4 ,!y 7  
!n bo? 9 _! eighte5? ye>s1 & a m comely 
pair c\ld n be se54 ,! ye>s t _h pass$  
s9ce %e _h left ,london _h greatly      
matur$ h] beauty4 ,%e 0 tall] ( /ature  
?an ! common sort1 & v fair & graceful4 
,! e>l 0 likewise tall1 v /raight1      
long-visag$1 b ( a pleasant & noble     
c\nt5ance4 ,i c\ld n *oose b admire h]  
p]fect c>riage1 t[>d h] "l1 h]          
relatives1 & h] s]vants2 ! good ord] %e 
e/abli%$ 9 h] h\se2 ! c>e %e took ( h]  
si/]'s education1 :o 9 two ye>s 0 to be 
m>ri$ to ,"l ,william ,h[>d2 & h] great 
*>ity to ! poor1 :i* %e !n began to     
visit h]self1 & to relieve 9 all sorts (
 ways1 & 0 wont to say ! angels ( t old 
h\se :]e ,god _h be5 s]v$ by s _m pray]s
 & alms mu/ ne$s assi/ h] 9 h] c>e =    

#gff ^? 9 tr\ble4 ,my "l appe>$ exce$+ly
 fond ( h] !n4 ,"o day :5 ,i 0 visit+ h]
 lady%ip1 he ask$ me if ,i _h read !    
life ( t sweet holy ,que5 ,elizabe? (   
,hung>y2 & z ,i said ,i _h n met ) x1 he
 gift$ me ) a copy fairly pr9t$ & well  
ornam5t$1 :i* ,mr4 ,m>t9 _h left beh9d  
him :5 he w5t beyond seas1 & said3      
,mi/ress ,%]wood1 see if 9 ?is book y   
f9d n ! lik5ess ( a lady :i* y mislike n
 any m ?an ,i d4 ,be%rew me1 b ,i fe> ,i
 may f9d "s day /range gue/s 9 m9e h\se 
if %e d copy ! patt]n h]e9 set d[n2 & s 
,i w e'en s5d ! book out ( ! h\se1 = my 
lady is too good = me already1 & ,i be  
no fitt+ husb& = a sa9t1 :i* a v little 
m ( virtue %\ld make h]4  ,& s he       
laugh+1 & %e prettily *eck+ 8 wanton    
spee*1 & su* sweet lov+ looks & playful 
words pass+ betwe5 !m z gladd5$ my he>t 
to see4  ,"s "t aft]1 ,i f\nd "o day my 
,lady ,surrey look+ some:at grave &     
?\ghtful4 ,%e greet$ me ) an            
affectionate kiss1 & said1  ,ah1 sweet  
,con/ance1 ,i be glad ?\ art come2 =    

me?9ks we %all soon leave ,london4  ,s  
soon8 ,i answ]$4  ,n too soon1 de>      
,con/ance1 %e said some:at sadly4  ,i   
did look wi/fully 9 h] sweet face4      
,me?\ght !re 0 tr\ble 9 x1 & d\bt if %e 
%\ld fur!r speak or n2 = %e re/$ h] head
 on h] h&1 & h] d>k eyes did fix        
!mselves wi/fully on m9e1 z if ask+     
some:at ( me1 b :at ,i knew n4          
,con/ance1 %e said at la/1 ,i h no "m1  
no si/] ( m9e own age1 no bro!r1 no     
gho/ly fa!r1 to speak my m9d to4 ,me?9ks
 x %\ld n be wrong to unbosom my c>es to
 !e1 :o1 albeit "y1 ha/ a ?\ghtful _s1  
&1 z ,i h (t5 obs]v$1 an aptness to give
 good c\nsel4 ,& !n ?\ art ( t way (    
?9k+ :]e9 ,i 0 br\ght up1 & ?\gh 9      
outw>d %[ we n[ d diff]1 ,i am n greatly
 *ang$ !re91 z ?\ well kn[e/4  ,alack6  
,i cri$1 too well ,i d "k x1 de> lady2  
&1 albeit my tongue is sil5t !reon1 my  
he>t do? grieve to see y com=tless ( t  
:i* is ! sole s\rce ( true com=t4  ,tis 
n t tr\bles me1 %e answ]$1 a little     
impati5tly4 ,?\ art unreasonable1       

,con/ance4 ,my duty to my "l %apes my   
outw>d behavior2 b ,i h weighty c>es1   
nev]!less4 ,do/ ?\ m9d t passage 9 !    
late duke our fa!r's lett] to 8 son &   
me8--t we %\ld live 9 a l[] degree1 &   
out ( ,london & f ! c\rt4 ,me?9ks a     
prophetic _s did move him ?us to write4 
,my "l has a great he>t & a g5]\s temp]1
 & loves to sp5d money 9 all sorts (    
ways1 pr(itable & unpr(itable1 z ,i too 
well obs]ve s9ce we h be5 9 ,london4 ,& 
! que5 s5t him a /ore ( messages by my  
,"l ,essex1 & o!rs ( 8 fri5ds1 t %e 0   
surpris$ n to see him at c\rt2 & t x 0  
h] highness's pleasure he %\ld wait ^u  
h]1 & %e %all %[ him s mu* favor z he   
des]ves1 & su* l inducem5ts4  ,& ha? my 
"l be5 to c\rt8 ,i ask$4  ,yea1 he ha?  
be51 %e answ]$1 sigh+ deeply4 ,he ha?   
be5 =c$ to kiss ! h& :i* sign$ 8 fa!r's 
dea?-w>rant4 ,con/ance1 x is ?is :i* do?
 s pa9 me1 t h] maje/y %\ld ?9k he ha? 9
 8 he>t no res5tm5t ( t mi%ap4 ,%e said 
to my ,lady ,b]keley "s days s9ce1 :5 %e
 su$ = "s favor at h] h&s1 ',no1 no1 my 

,lady ,b]keley2 y love u n1 & nev] w4 ,y
 _c =give u y\r bro!r's dea?4' ,:y %\ld 
h] grace ?9k a son ha? less res5tm5t ( a
 fa!r's loss ?an a si/]8  ,will+ to     
m9i/] com=t to h] t\*+ t on :i* ,i did1 
nev]!less1 b too mu* cons5t to h] ?9k+1 
,i said1 ,9 my "l's case1 he mu/ h ne$s 
appe>$ to mislike #gfg ! que5 & h]      
gov]nm5t if he /ay$ away f c\rt1 & 8    
duty to 8 sov]eign compelle? him to r5d]
 h] s mu* homage z is due to h] maje/y4 
,yea1 cri$ my lady1 ,i be ( ! same m9d )
 !e1 t if my "l d live 9 ,london he is 9
 a mann] =c$ to swim ) ! tide1 & ,god   
only kn[e? into :at a flood ( tr\bles he
 may ?us be l$4 ,b ,i h prevail$ on him 
to g to ,k5n+hall1 & !re to enjoy t     
retir$ life 8 fa!r passionately wi%$ him
 to be cont5t$ )4 ,s ,i d look1 if x    
please ,god1 to happy days :5 we leave  
?is great city1 :]e s _m & great dang]s 
beset u4  ,h y be5 to c\rt likewise1 de>
 lady8 ,i ask$2 & %e answ]$1  ,no2 h]   
maje/y do? d5y me t privilege :i* ! wife
 ( a nobleman %\ld enjoy )\t s mu* z !  

ask+ = x4 ,my ,"l ,arundel & my ,"l     
,sussex are mad !reon1 & swe> 'tis !    
gipsy's do+1 z !y d always title ,"l    
,leice/]1 & a sign ( 8 hatr$ to my "l4  
,b ,i be n ( _! m9d2 = me?9ks he do? b  
aid my "l to w9 ! que5's favor by !     
slights :i* are put on 8 wife1 :i*1 if  
he do? take pati5tly1 mu/ ne$s secure = 
him su* favor z my ,"l ,leice/] %\ld    
wi%1 if report speaks truly1 none %\ld  
enjoy b himself4  ,b surely1 ,i cri$1 my
 "l's _s is too noble to /oma* s mean a 
treatm5t ( 8 lady8  ,a burn+ blu% spread
 ov] ! c\ntess's face1 & %e answ]$1     
,con/ance1 nobility ( s\l is %ap$ into  
action by div]s motives & influ5ces4 ,&1
 ,i pray !e1 s9ce 8 fa!r's dea? & ! loss
 ( 8 fir/ tutor1 :o ha? my "l _h to     
fa%ion ! aims ( 8 eag] _s to a wor?y    
ambition1 & tea* him virtu\s cont5tm5t )
 a mean] rank & l[] =tunes ?an 8 bir? d 
entitle him to8 ,he *afes to be degrad$1
 & w\ld fa9 rise to ! heights 8 ance/ors
 occupi$2 &1 alas6 ! ladd] :i* ^? :o    
beset him--= t !y w\ld climb aft] him--d

 ev] set be=e 8 eyes is ! que5's        
maje/y's favor4 ',tis ! brea? ( _!      
no/rils1 ! p]petual !me ( _! disc\rse4  
,m9e e>s sometimes a*e ) ! s\nd ( _!    
(t-repeat$ words4  ,!n %e broke (f h]   
spee* = an in/ant1 b soon ask$ me if to 
consult =tune-tell]s 0 n a s94  ,yea1 ,i
 answ]$1 ! ,*ur* do? hold x to be       
unlawful4  ,ah6 %e repli$1 ,i w\ld to   
,god my "l _h nev] resort$ to a p]son ( 
t sort1 :i* ha? fill$ 8 m9d ) an        
appreh5sion :i* w "w u great evil1 if ,i
 d mi/ake n4  ,alas6 ,i said1 ha? my "l 
be5 s delud$8  ,?\ ha/ he>d1 ,i we51 my 
lady cont9u$1 ( "o ,dr4 ,dee1 :om ! que5
 do? greatly favor1 & (t5 *>ge him to   
ca/ h] horoscope4 ,"s "t ago my "l 0    
rid+ ) h] maje/y & ! mo/ "p ( h] c\rt   
ne> unto ?is le>n$ g5tleman's h\se at   
,mortlake1 :i* h] highness1 tak+ notice 
(1 %e mu/ ne$s propose to visit him )   
all h] ret9ue1 9 ord]1 %e said1 to      
exam9e 8 libr>y & hold conf]5ce ) him4  
,b le>n+ t 8 wife _h be5 buri$ only f\r 
h\rs1 h] maje/y w\ld n ent]1 b desir$ my

 ,"l ,leice/] to take h] d[n f h] horse 
at ! *ur*-wall at ,mortlake & to fet* ! 
doctor unto h]1 :o did br+ out = h]     
grace's inspection 8 magic-glass1 ( :i* 
%e & all ^? ) h] did see "s ( !         
prop]ties4 ,sev]al ( ! noblem5 !reunto  
pres5t 7 greatly cont5t$ & delight$ )   
?is cunn+ wit*]y1 & did agree to visit  
aga91 9 a private mann]1 ?is le>n$ man1 
= to h _! nativities calculat$2 & my "l1
 ,i grieve to say1 w5t ) !m4 ,& ?is *eat
 or wiz>d1 = me?9ks "o or o!r ( ^? names
 mu/ ne$s belong to him1 pr$ict$ to my  
"l t he %\ld be 9 great dang] to be     
ov]?r[n by a woman4 ,&1 ,i #gfh we51    
good ,con/ance1 !re 0 a craft 9 ?is mo/ 
deep & deceptive1 = do? x n t5d1 :i*ev] 
way x be und]/ood1 to draw & urge onw>d 
my "l to a c>eful seek+ to avoid ?is    
dang] by a dilig5t s]v+ & wait+ on h]   
maje/y1 if %e be ! woman l to undo him1 
or else to move him to ! ?\ght t 8      
m>riage--z ,i d\bt n _m endeavor to     
ins9uate into 8 m9d--%\ld be an ob/acle 
to h] favor su* z mu/ ne$s m> 8 =tunes8 

,n t my "l ha? brea!d s mu* z "o su*    
pa9ful ^w 9 my he>+1 or abat$ 9 8 k9d   
behavior2 b !re are o!rs :o be n sl[ to 
h9t s mu* to myself2 &1 ,i pray y1 %all 
!y n !n deal ) him 9 ! same mann]1      
albeit he is too noble & g5tle to let me
 he> ( x8 ,b s9ce t day he is (t5       
?\ghtful :5 we are alone1 & 8 m9d ev]   
runn+ on means to propitiate h] maje/y1 
& do? s5d h] _m pres5ts1 ! value ( :i*  
%\ld r m>k !m z gifts f "o royal p]son  
to ano!r ?an f a subject to 8 pr9ce4 ,o 
,con/ance1 ,i w\ld ,k5n+hall 7 a ?\s&   
miles f ,london1 & a wild sea to run    
betwe5 x & ! c\rt1 su* z c\ld )         
difficulty be cross$2 b 'tis va9 wi%+2 &
 ,i ?ank ,god my "l %\ld be will+ to    
remove !re1 & s we %all be 9 quiet4     
,god s5d x6 ,i answ]$2 & t y1 my sweet  
lady1 may f9d !re all mann] ( cont5tm5t4
 ,!n ,i ask$ h] lady%ip if %e _h tid+s (
 my ,lady l',e/range4  ,yea1 %e answ]$2 
excell5t good tid+s1 = t %e 0 a cont5t$ 
wife to a lov+ husb&4 ,sir ,hammond1 %e 
said1 ha? a mo/ imp]i\s temp]1 &1 z ,i  

he>1 do? n brook ! lea/ contradiction2 s
 t a woman less mild & affectionate ?an 
,milic5t %\ld n1 ,i we51 live at peace )
 him4 ,b h] sweet temp] do? move h] to  
su* /rict condesc5sion to 8 humors1 t %e
 do? /yle h]self mo/ =tunate 9 m>riage &
 a s+ul> happy wife4 ,do/ m9d ,ma/]     
,*auc]'s tale ( ! pati5t ,grizzel1 :i*  
,phil read to me "s ye>s back1 soon aft]
 our fir/ m>riage1 = to give me a lesson
 on wifely duty1 & :i* ,i did !n write  
to !e ! /ory (8  ,yea1 well1 ,i cri$2 & 
t ,i 0 s ang]$ at h] pati5ce1 :i*       
me?\ght 0 fooli%1 yea1 wick$ 9 its      
excess1 t x did ?r[ me into a passion4  
,my lady laugh$ & said1 inde$ %e ?\ght s
 too2 b ,milic5t1 9 h] behavior & ! /yle
 ( h] lett]s1 did m9d h] s mu* ( t s+ul>
 ob$i5t wife1 t %e did sometimes call h]
 ,grizzel to h] face4 ,%e is n[ gone to 
reside ) h] husb&1 %e said1 at a seat ( 
8 n v f> f ,lynn4 ',tis a poor & wild   
di/rict2 & ! p1 ,i he>1 d resort to h] 9
 great numb]s = assi/ance 9 ! way (     
m$ic9e & surg]y1 & = mu* help ( v>i\s   

sorts4 ,%e is greatly cont5t$ t h] husb&
 do? 9 n[ise imp$e h] 9 ^! *>itable     
duties1 b r ! contr>y4 ,%e is a creature
 ( su* natural good impulses &          
compassionate _s t mu/ ne$s %[ k9dness  
to all :o d come 9 h] way4  ,!n my lady 
que/ion$ me t\*+ ,muriel & ,mi/ress     
,w>d1 & ,kate & ,polly1 :o 7 n[ bo?     
m>ri$2 & ,i told h] ,kate _h a fair son 
& ,polly a little daught]1 l to prove z 
%>p z h] "m if h] infant vivacity did n 
belie h]4 ,z to ,muriel & h] guide &    
fri5d1 ,i told h] lady%ip t few 7 l to h
 spee* ) !m1 save su* z 7 9 s de/itute a
 condition t no?+ c\ld exce$ x4 ,n[ t my
 two eld] c\s9s _h left home1 m9e       
uncle's h\se 0 become a sort ( refuge = 
! poor1 & an hospital = di/ress$        
,ca?olics4  ,& ?\1 ,con/ance1 my lady   
said1 do/ ?\ n ?9k on m>riage8  ,i smil$
 & answ]$ ,i did sometimes2 b _h n yet  
met ) any "o altoge!r con=mable to my   
lik+4  #gfi  ,n ,mr4 ,hub]t ,rookwood8  
%e said smil+2 ,i h be5 told he haunts  
,mrs4 ,lacy's h\se1 & w\ld fa9 be       

admitt$ z ,mi/ress ,%]wood's suitor4  ,i
 w n d5y1 ,i answ]$1 b t he do? te/ify a
 va/ reg>d = me1 or t he is a g5tleman (
 su* great p>ts & exce$+ly w9n+ spee* t 
a g5tlewoman %\ld be flatt]$ to be      
address$ by him2 b1 de> lady1 ,i        
cont9u$1 op5+ my he>t to h]1 albeit ,i  
reli% greatly 8 society1 m9e he>t do? n 
altoge!r incl9e to 8 suit2 & ,mr4       
,congleton ha? lately w>n$ me to be less
 free 9 all[+ ( 8 att5tions ?an ha?     
hi!rto be5 my wont2 =1 he said1 8 means 
be s scanty1 t x behove? him n to ?9k ( 
m>riage until 8 =tunes d improve2 & t 8 
fa!r w\ld n be compet5t to make su*     
settlem5ts z %\ld be ne$ful 9 su* a     
case1 or )\t :i* he %\ld suff] u to     
m>ry4 ,z ,hub]t _h nev] op5$ to me      
himself !reon 9 s po9t$ a fa%ion z to   
dem& an answ] f me1 ,i 0 some:at        
surpris$ at m9e uncle's spee*2 b ,i f\nd
 he _h (t5 m9i/]$ talk ( 8 passion =    
me--= s he t]m$ x--to ,kate & h] husb&4 
,& did x "w 9 !e1 sweet "o1 no regrets1 
my lady ask$1 t ! c\rse ( ?is poor      

g5tleman's true love %\ld be m>r$ by 8  
lack ( weal?8  ,9 tru? no1 de> lady1 ,i 
repli$2 except t ,i did notice1 ) s mu* 
( pa9 z a good he>t mu/ ne$s feel 9 !   
suff]+s ( ano!r1 t he 0 bo? sad & wro?  
at ! *ange 9 my mann]4 ,& inde$ ,i _h   
always se5--& me?9ks ?is 0 ! reason t my
 he>t incl9$ n w>mly t[>d 8 suit--t 8   
affection 0 ( t sort t do? readily bre$ 
ang]2 & t if he _h occasion to misd\bt a
 return f me ( su*-l reg>d z he pr(ess$1
 8 looks ( love sometimes *ang$ into a  
sc[l1 or some?+ ne>ly resembl+ "o4 ,yet 
,i _h a k9dness t[>d him1 yea1 m ?an a  
k9dness1 an atta*m5t1 :i* me?9ks %\ld h 
l$ me to correspond to 8 affection s f> 
z to be will+ to m>ry him1 if m9e uncle 
_h n =bade me to ?9k on x2 b s9ce he ha?
 laid 8 comm&s ^u me on t po9t1 me?9ks  
,i h exp]i5c$ a fre$om ( s\l & a great] 
peace ?an ,i _h kn[n = "s "t pa/4  ',tis
 well !n z x is1 my lady said2 & aft] "s
 fur!r disc\rse we p>t$ t day4  ,x _h   
be5 ) me ev5 z ,i _h said to h]4 ,my m9d
 _h be5 m at ease s9ce ! cont5d+ w\ld & 

w\ld n1 ! desire to please ,hub]t & !   
fe> to be false 9 s do+1 _h be5 /ay$1--&
 mo/ly s9ce he _h urg$ me to ent]ta9 him
 z a fri5d1 albeit def5d$ to receive him
 z a lov]4 ,& t peace la/$ until a      
day--ay1 a day :i* began l o!r days ) no
 p]ceptible pres5tim5t ( joy or sorr[1 !
 sun %9+ z brightly1 & no m1 at its rise
 ?an on any o!r morn+ 9 ,june2 & !      
?und]-cl\ds t[>d noon ov]%ad[+ its glory
 n m d>kly ?an a /orm is wont to d !    
cle> sky x do? invade2 nor yet ev5+     
smil+ aga9 m brightly & peacefully ?an  
is usually se5 :5 nature's commotion is 
hu%$1 & ! brilliant orb ( day do? s9k to
 re/ 9 a b$ ( purple glory2 & yet t day 
did h]ald ! greate/ joys1 presage !     
greate/ angui%1 m>k ! mo/ mighty beg9n+s
 ( mo/ v>i$ end+s t c be ?\ght ( 9 !    
life ( a creature n altoge!r untri$ by  
sorr[1 b on ! br9k ( deep] wat]s ?an %e 
_h yet s\nd$1 on ! v]ge ( su* passages z
 to h look$ =w>d to _h caus$ h] to      
tremble ) a two-fold res5tm5t ( hope & (
 fe>1 & to look back to do? con/ra9 h]  

to lay d[n h] p5 a:ile = to crave /r5g? 
to rec\nt ! same4  ,,to ,,be ,,cont9u$  
--------  #ggj  ,f ,*amb]s's ,j\rnal4   
,,t]r5e ,,phosphoresc5ce4   ,x has be5  
sugge/$ t light1 heat1 magnetism1 &     
electricity are only ! effects ( motion 
among ! molecules ( matt]4 ,our e>? is b
 an aggregation ( atoms1 & e sub/ance ^u
 :i* we lay our h&s is 9 l mann] =m$ (  
inf9itesimal p>ticles1 s small z to     
baffle microscopic inve/igation4 ,:5 we 
consid] t animalcula h be5 discov]$ s   
m9ute t x w\ld take a million ( !m to =m
 a gra9 ( s&1 x is evid5t t motion z    
motion among ! ultimate p>ticles ( matt]
 is beyond man's p[]s ( obs]vation4     
,physical inve/igations h l$ u to       
believe t ^! atoms h an action or       
circulation ( _! own1 & z ?is action (  
necessity escapes our eye1 x is n       
irrational1 :5 look+ = "s evid5ce ( ?is 
di/urbance1 to attribute to x physical  
=ces = :i* we _c satisfactorily acc\nt1 
yet :i* app]ta9 to ! e>?4 ,?us has aris5
 ! hypo!sis above /at$2 & intimately    

connect$ ) ^? =ces 7heat1 electricity1  
etc47 is phosphoresc5ce1 a p[] on :i* ! 
exam9ations ( tw5ty ye>s h ?r[n little  
light1 & :i* /ill rema9s ( d\btful      
orig94  ,! p[] 9 m9]als1 plants1 &      
animals ( produc+ light is app>5tly a   
consequ5ce ( ^! objects be+ "u ! direct 
influ5ce1 p]man5tly1 or = a "t1 ( heat1 
light1 or electricity1 z "s sub/ances   
become phosphoresc5t aft] insolation1 or
 exposure to ! sun's rays2 o!rs1 f heat3
 o!rs1 by hav+ an electric curr5t pass$ 
?r\gh !m2 & la/ly1 "s give =? a         
phosphoric light ( _! own1 )\t any      
appreciable w>m?4 ,:atev] may be ! cause
 ( ?is prop]ty1 x is f\nd to p]vade all 
p>ts ( creation3 ! atmosph]e1 ! common  
/ones by ! wayside1 ! fl[]s 9 cottage   
g>d5s1 & ! humble insects or worms      
crawl+ at our feet1 c %$ ar\nd a fa9t   
glimm] ( light4 ,! e>? itself is        
occasionally1 if n always1 self-lum9\s1 
z are o!r ( ! heav5ly bodies4 ,v5us1    
,jupit]1 ! moon1 & comets1 are          
conjectur$ to h a c]ta9 portion (       

phosphoric light1 :i* is indep5d5t ( &  
unborr[$ f ! sun4 ,! lum9osity ( ! e>?  
is made evid5t to u on />less1 moonless 
nights4 ,we may n h ?\ght ( x1 b /ill x 
is c]ta9 t light surr\nds u f "s s\rce  
or o!r 9 v>y+ quantities1 on su* nights 
z are above describ$2 = our movem5ts are
 v diff]5t1 ev5 :5 walk+ 9 ! op5 air on 
! d>ke/ nights1 f :at !y w\ld be 9 a    
cave1 or :5 grop+ 9 a room ) clos$      
%utt]s4 ,?is phase ( phosphoresc5ce1 &  
also t ( fa9t flick]+ cl\ds aga9/ !     
horizon1 is di/9ct f meteorological     
phosphoresc5ce1 :i* bran* ( ! subject   
includes lum9\s ra91 fog1 du/1          
ignis-fatuus1 nor!rn & s\!rn lights4 ,a 
%[] ( du/ :i* fell dur+ an eruption (   
,vesuvius 9 #agid1 _h a fa9t lum9osity 9
 ! d>k1 di/9ctly visible on ! sails (   
vessels on :i* x _h fall54 ,_m in/ances 
are record$ ( ra9 produc+ sp>ks z x t\*$
 ! gr\nd1 & ,arago collect$ ! au!ntic   
acc\nts ( ?is ph5om5on4 ,9 ,june1 #agca1
 an ecclesia/ic ne> ,con/ance describ$ !
 ra9 dur+ a ?und]-/orm z fall+ l drops (

 r$-hot liquid metal2 & x is obs]vable t
 mo/ ( ^! sp>kl+ %[]s seem to h occurr$ 
dur+ ?und]-/orms1 or :5 ! air 0 highly  
*>g$ ) electricity4  ,b complete my/]y  
/ill surr\nds ! cause ( lum9\s fogs &   
mi/s1 #gga :i* are ( r>e occurr5ce4 ,(  
^! !re are few well f\nd$ acc\nts1 & !  
mo/ rec5t in/ance ( "o 01 we believe1 9 
#ahei1 cont9u+ = a succession ( nights4 
,x la/$ f !n #ah? to ! #bf? ( ,novemb]1 
&1 9 ! abs5ce ( any moon1 s illum9at$ ! 
heav5s z to r5d] small objects di/9ctly 
visible 9 ! sitt+ room ( ,m4 ,w>t5an (  
,g5eva1 ^: description ( x w be f\nd 9 !
 ,comptes ,r5dus ( ! ,academy (         
,sci5ces1 ,p>is1 = ,decemb]1 #ahei4 ,x 0
 n a wet fog1 b a sort ( dry mi/1 s     
imp5etrable z to r5d] invisible ! banks 
( ! riv] ,leman1 b at ! same "t diffus+ 
suffici5t phosphoric light to make small
 objects cle> z on a moonlight night4   
,?is 0 also te/ifi$ by p]sons travell+  
on foot f ,g5eva to ,annemasse1 betwe5 !
 h\rs ( #aj & #ab ,p4,m4 ,ano!r fam\s   
in/ance 0 9 #aghc1 :5 a dry fog1 la/+ = 

a mon?1 cov]$ ! nor!rn p>ts ( ,am]ica1 &
 ,europe f ,sw$5 to ,africa4 ,x resembl$
 moonlight ?r\gh a veil ( cl\ds1 & 0    
equally diffus$ on all sides1 mak+      
objects visible at a di/ance ( six      
hundr$ y>ds4 ,be+1 z x 71 a deep mass ( 
phosphoric vapor1 rea*+ to ! summit ( ! 
highe/ m\nta9s1 no /orms ( ra9 or w9d   
seem$ to affect x2 b 9 ,europe x 0 ?\ght
 to emit an unpleasant sulphur\s smell4 
,ano!r feature ( meteorological         
phosphoresc5ce is t ( lum9\s appe>ances 
at sea1 q di/9ct f ! lum9osity ( ! ocean
 itself z produc$ by m>9e animalcula4   
,mrs4 ,som]ville gives ! foll[+ int]e/+ 
description ( "o ( ^! phosphoric        
ph5om5a3 ,capta9 ,bonnyca/le1 com+ up ! 
,gulf ( ,/4 ,lawr5ce on ! #g? (         
,septemb]1 #ahbf1 0 r\s$ by ! mate ( !  
vessel 9 great al>m f an unusual        
appe>ance4 ,x 0 a />light night1 :5     
sudd5ly ! sky became ov]ca/ 9 !         
direction ( ! highl& ( ,cornwallis      
c\ntry1 & an in/antane\s & int5sely     
vivid light1 resembl+ ! aurora1 %ot out 

( ! hi!rto gloomy & d>k sea on ! lee-b[1
 :i* 0 s brilliant t x light$ e ?+      
di/9ctly1 ev5 to ! ma/-head4 ,! light   
spread ov] ! :ole sea betwe5 ! two      
%ores1 & ! waves1 :i* be=e _h be5       
tranquil1 n[ began to be agitat$4       
,capta9 ,bonnyca/le describes ! sc5e z t
 ( a blaz+ %eet ( awful & mo/ brilliant 
light4 ,a long & vivid l9e ( light1     
sup]ior 9 brightness to ! p>ts ( ! sea n
 imm$iately ne> ! vessel1 %[$ ! base ( !
 high1 fr[n+1 & d>k l& abrea/2 ! sky    
became l[]+ & m int5sely obscure4 ,long 
tortu\s l9es ( light %[$ imm5se numb]s (
 v l>ge fi% d>t+ ab\t1 z if 9           
con/]nation4 ,! sprit-sail-y>d &        
mizz5-boom 7 light$ by ! gl>e1 z if     
gas-lights _h be5 burn+ directly bel[   
!m2 & until j be=e daybreak1 at f\r     
o'clock1 ! mo/ m9ute objects 7 di/9ctly 
visible4 ,day broke v sl[ly1 & ! sun    
rose ( a fi]y & ?reat5+ aspect4 ,ra9    
foll[$4 ,capta9 ,bonnyca/le caus$ a     
bucket ( ?is fi]y wat] to be drawn up3 x
 0 "o mass ( light :5 /irr$ by ! h&1 & n

 9 sp>ks1 z usual1 b 9 actual           
coruscations4 ,a portion ( ! wat]       
pres]v$ its lum9osity = sev5 nights4 ,on
 ! ?ird night1 sc9tillations ( ! sea    
reappe>$2 9 ! ev5+ ! sun w5t d[n v      
s+ul>ly1 exhibit+ 9 its desc5t a d\ble  
sun2 & :5 only a few degrees high1 its  
sph]ical figure *ang$ into t ( a long   
cyl9d]1 :i* rea*$ ! horizon4 ,9 ! night 
! sea became ne>ly z lum9\s z be=e2 b on
 ! fif? night ! appe>ance entirely      
ceas$4 ,capta9 ,bonnyca/le does n ?9k x 
proce$$ f animalcula1 b imag9es x might 
be "s comp\nd ( phosphorus1 sudd5ly     
evolv$1 & dispos$ ov] ! surface ( ! sea2
 p]haps f ! exuviae or secretions ( fi% 
connect$ ) ! oceanic salts1 muriate (   
soda & sulphate ( magnesia4  #ggb  ,q   
di/9ct f lum9\s mi/s is ano!r species ( 
phosphoric ph5om5on 9 ! %ape ( lum9\s   
bodies ( consid]able size & brilliancy4 
,we f9d ,arago say+1 9 #ahch1 t great   
lum9\s meteors1 simil> to lightn+ 9 _!  
nature1 %[ !mselves sometimes at !      
surface ( ! globe1 ev5 :5 ! sky does n  

appe> /ormy4 ,an in/ance ( ?is is giv5  
by a ,mr4 ,edw>ds1 z hav+ be5 se5 by him
 :5 cross+ ,lo* ,scavig 9 a boat at     
night4 ,9 ?is in/ance1 a light swept    
rapidly ov] ! face ( ! wat]1 resembl+ ! 
light 9 a cab9 w9d[1 b mov+ ) great     
rapidity4 ,x pass$ ne> ! boat1 & caus$  
mu* con/]nation among ! boatm51 :o view$
 x z some?+ sup]natural2 b x 0 soon out 
( sight1 foll[+ a curv$ c\rse4 ,a f> m  
/>tl+ occurr5ce 0 se5 by ! %ip ,montague
 :5 a few m9utes be=e mid-day1 & 9      
p]fectly s]5e wea!r1 a l>ge blui% globe 
( fire roll$ up to ! %ip1 ! ,montague1 &
 explod$1 %att]+ "o ( ! ma/s4 ,?is globe
 ( fire appe>$ z l>ge z a mill/one4 ,?is
 appe>ance does n seem to h _h !        
swiftness ( motion we %\ld expect if x  
_h be5 a species ( globul> lightn+1 b r 
resembl$ a gigantic ignis-fatuus1 :i*   
sometimes takes a globul> =m1 & al?\gh  
g5]ally attribut$ to ! combu/ion (      
phosphurett$ hydrog5 gas1 may & does    
arise f c]ta9 electrical conditions ( ! 
atmosph]e4 ,a rem>kable ignis-fatuus is 

describ$ by ,dr4 ,%aw 9 8 travels 9 !   
,holy ,l&4 ,he obs]v$ x on ,m\nt        
,ephraim1 & x foll[$ him = m ?an an h\r4
 ,sometimes x appe>$ globul>1 at o!rs x 
spread itself to su* a degree z to      
involve ! :ole company 9 a pale         
in(f5sive light2 !n x contract$ itself1 
& sudd5ly disappe>$1 b 9 less ?an a     
m9ute w\ld appe> aga92 sometimes runn+  
swiftly along1 x w\ld exp& itself ov]   
two or ?ree acres ( ! adjac5t m\nta9s4  
,we w n dwell on o!r in/ances (         
ignis-fatuus1 a ph5om5on s common z to  
be kn[n to all4 ,b al?\gh ?is =m (      
gas--phosphurett$ hydrog5--has be5 long 
kn[n z lum9\s1 x is only s9ce #ahei t   
gases 9 g5]al h be5 discov]$ to possess 
phosphoric qualities :5 expos$ to !     
sun's light4 ,x is a rem>kable fact1 b  
"o :i* has be5 prov$1 t1 ) ! exception (
 metals1 ne>ly all t]re/rial bodies     
appe> lum9\s :5 tak5 into ! d>k aft]    
insolation or exposure to ! sun4 ,!y    
absorb s mu* light z to give x back aga9
 :5 remov$ f its influ5ce1 & ?is prop]ty

 is oppos$ to electricity1 = we f9d t   
good conductors ( t fluid are n liable  
to insolat$ phosphoresc5ce4 ,! fir/     
discov]y ( ?is prop]ty 0 made by        
,visc5zo ,casc>iolo1 a %oemak] (        
,bologna1 :o1 lov+ al*emy1 & seek+ gold1
 f\nd 9 8 ramble a heavy /one1 f :i* he 
hop$ & long$ to produce ! preci\s metal4
 ,fail+ 9 ?is1 he f\nd :at till !n 0    
unkn[n1 t sulphuret ( b>yta w\ld absorb 
! sun's rays by day1 to emit !m by      
night4 ,f him ?is sub/ance has receiv$ !
 "n ( ,bologna /one2 & ?is fir/ discov]y
 has be5 foll[$ by o!rs1 :i* prove t    
phosphoric light may be produc$ by heat1
 friction1 cleavage1 & _m o!r =ces      
beside insolation4 ,"s diamonds %9e 9 ! 
d>k aft] a few m9utes' exposure to !    
sun2 o!rs _c be made phosphoresc5t by   
heat if uncut1 b :5 poli%$1 or submitt$ 
to two or ?ree electric dis*>ges1 easily
 become lum9\s4 ,s slight a heat is     
requir$ to call =? ?is light-giv+       
prop]ty 9 "s sub/ances1 t r>e k9ds (    
clorophane %9e 9 a d>k room f ! m]e w>m?

 ( ! h&2 & o!r sub/ances are phosphoriz$
 by ! slighte/ friction4 ,?us ,dana     
says3 ,m]ely ! rapid motion ( a fea!r   
across "s specim5s ( sulphuret ( z9c w  
(t5 elicit light m or less int5se f ?is 
metal4  ,sev]al simple & amus+ exp]im5ts
 may be made to %[ ! #ggc phosphoresc5ce
 ( m9]als4 ,! p[] ( cleavage to produce 
light is se5 :5 sug> is brok5 9 a mort>4
 ,if a suffici5t quantity is gr\nd      
rapidly 9 ! d>k1 ! :ole w appe> a mass (
 fire4 ,if phosphurett$ hydrog5 is      
evolv$ by ?r[+ phosphuret ( calcium into
 wat]1 ea* bubble z if rises w fire     
spontane\sly on comb9+ ) ! air4 ,b ! mo/
 elegant production ( light is ! result 
( an exp]im5t by ,pr(essor ,pontus 9    
#ahcc3 ,he %[$ t a vivid sp>k is produc$
 :5 wat] is made to freeze rapidly4 ,a  
small glass1 t]m9at+ 9 a %ort tube1 is  
fill$ ) wat]2 ! :ole is cov]$ ) a sponge
 or cotton-wool imbib$ ) e!r1 & plac$ 9 
an air pump4 ,z soon z ! exp]im5t] beg9s
 to produce a vacuum1 ! e!r evaporates1 
& ! sponge or cotton-wool desc5ds1 !    

temp]ature ( ! wat] rises rapidly4 ,b "s
 in/ants be=e congelation takes place1 a
 brilliant sp>k1 p]fectly visible 9 !   
daytime1 is sudd5ly %ot out ( ! little  
tube t t]m9ates ! glass globe4  ,be=e   
pass+ on to ! consid]ation ( animal     
phosphoresc5ce1 let u glance at !       
lum9osity ( plants4 ,?is is f\nd 9 _m   
phan]ogams & cryptogams4 ,9 ! latt]1 x  
is well kn[n1 f be+ f\nd frequ5tly 9    
m9es1 :]e ! fungus mycelium is se5      
spread+ its web-l gr[?1 & diffus+ a     
tranquil light1 suffici5tly /rong to    
read by1 z "s h affirm$4 ,! mo/         
beautiful in/ance ( ?is is f\nd 9 ! m9es
 9 ,hesse1 :]e ! gall]ies = supply+ air 
are illum9$ ) ?is s(t phosphoric light4 
,no example ( phosphoresc5ce among      
sea-we$ has be5 kn[n1 b ! delicate      
little moss ,s*i/o/ega osmundacea is    
lum9\s4 ,among phan]ogams1 or ord9>y    
plants1 are _m examples (               
phosphoresc5ce4 ,sev]al k9ds ( g>d5     
na/urtiums1 sun-fl[]s1 ,fr5* & ,african 
m>igolds1 yell[ lilies1 & poppies1 h be5

 se5 to emit ei!r sp>ks or a /eady      
light4 ,by "s x is ?\ght t x is produc$ 
:5 ! poll5 flies (f & is scatt]$ ov] !  
petals1 b x is inv>iably notic$ on w>m  
tranquil ev5+s1 :5 !re is electricity 9 
! atmosph]e4 ,x is obs]v$ t ne>ly all ! 
fl[]s prov$ to be phosphoric are ( a    
yell[ color1 b ! cause ( ?is has n be5  
asc]ta9$4 ,! leaves ( an ,am]ican plant 
7,o,enothera macrocapa7 h be5 se51 dur+ 
a sev]e /orm ( ?und] & lightn+1 to emit 
brilliant fla%es ( light1 & ?is is1 we  
believe1 ! only plant z yet discov]$ )  
phosphoric foliage4 ,m4 ,m>t9s (        
,montpelli] has notic$ t ! juice ( !    
,euphorbia phosphorea1 :5 rubb$ on pap]1
 appe>s lum9\s 9 ! d>k1 or :5 heat$4 ,b 
! mo/ rem>kable in/ance is t ( ! common 
potato emitt+ a brilliant light3 ,mr4   
,phipson /ates t a soldi] ( ,/rasburg   
?\ght t ! b>racks 71 on "o occasion1 on 
fire1 f ! light :i* 0 f\nd to proce$ f a
 cell> full ( potatoes4 ,x is a "q :e!r 
!y 7 9 a /ate ( decomposition1 & if s1 x
 diff]s slightly f ! lum9osity ( decay+ 

wood1 :i* is usually caus$ by ! pres5ce 
( phosphoric fungi4  ,to attempt to     
enum]ate ! animals ( inf]ior organism   
:i* are phosphoric w\ld be impossible1 z
 almo/ e kn[n zoophyte is possess$ ( ?is
 light-giv+ quality2 & p]haps no bran* (
 ! subject has receiv$ s mu* att5tion z 
t :i* conc]ns animals1 f ! fact ( !     
phosphoresc5ce ( dead animal matt] &    
insects be+ ph5om5a ( daily occurr5ce4  
,on ! =m]1 v e>ly obs]vations 7 made4 ,9
 #aeib1 ,fabricius d',acquap5d5te       
relates ! a/oni%m5t ( ?ree ,roman y\?s  
:o f\nd ! rema9s ( _! ,ea/] lamb %9+ l  
c&les 9 ! d>k4 ,ne>ly a c5tury lat]1    
,rob]t ,boyle describ$ ! phosphoresc5ce 
( a neck ( veal z a v spl5did %[1 & 9 a 
pap] 9 ! ,philosophical ,transactions   
tri$ to #ggd acc\nt = x4 ,x is f\nd t   
fle% w cont9ue lum9\s ab\t f\r days4    
,among ! insect-_w !re are num]\s       
light-giv+ memb]s4 ,! common gl[worm    
ne$s no description1 & ! lant]n flies ( 
! tropics are almo/ z well kn[n4        
,tropical regions ab\nd ) ^! fire-flies1

 sev5ty k9ds ( :i* are f\nd 9 ,s\?      
,am]ica & ! s\!rn /ates ( ! nor!rn      
cont95t4 ,"s ( !m emit ! light f !      
abdom51 o!rs f ! head4 ,! fam\s ,fulgora
 lant]n>ia1 or lant]n-fly ( ,l9naeus1   
produces ! light f ! long transp>5t horn
 or proboscis curv+ upw>d f ! head4 ,!  
light ( "o ( ^! is suffici5tly bright to
 read a newspap] by1 & two or ?ree ( !m 
9 a bottle is ! common =m ( lamp4 ,!    
natives also light _! way on a d>k night
 by ty+ "o or two at ! end ( a /ick4 ,! 
,noctua psi1 a little gray night-fly+   
mo?1 is lum9\s1 z also are "s k9ds (    
cat]pill>s2 & ! cricket & daddy         
long-legs h ! same prop]ty attribut$ to 
!m by "s naturali/s4 ,! read] _c fail to
 h notic$ t !re is no in/ance record$ ( 
any l>g] animal produc+ phosphoric      
light4 ,invisible animalcula & insects  
are num]\s1 & ( late ye>s ! common      
e>?worm1 or ,lambricus1 has be5 prov$   
beyond d\bt to h a phosphoric p[]2 b    
beyond ?is1 & ! crawl+ c5tip$e          
7,scolop5dra71 !re is no animal )       

light-giv+ p[]4 ,! gleam+ light se5 9 ! 
eyes ( cats1 dogs1 & wild animals has   
be5 call$ phosphoric2 b ?is is d\btful1 
& m ne>ly resembles "s phase ( reflect$ 
light4 ,humboldt1 & lat] ! natural      
hi/orian1 ,reug]1 speak ( a monkey1     
,nyctipi!cus trivirgatus z hav+ eyes s  
brilliant z to illum9e objects "s in*es 
(f4  ,b ?is is ! only case ( at all     
probable phosphoric light4 ,p]haps1 9   
?is v in/ance1 x arose f "s peculi>     
physical condition ( ! animal2 9 ! same 
way z ! sc9tillation 9 ! eyes ( "o or   
two human be+s 0 f\nd connect$ ) extreme
 delicacy ( con/itution4 ,! ph5om5on (  
brilliant colors be+ p]ceiv$ on a p]son 
press+ 8 eye1 or on ! injury ( ! optic  
n]ve1 is call$ by ,mr4 ,phipson         
subjective phosphoresc5ce1 b ?is is only
 an undevelop$ hypo!sis4  ,old dames &  
sup]/iti\s nor!rn]s speak ( ,elf-c&les z
 prec$+ dea?2 & ( ! fact ( human bodies 
dur+ life exhibit+ phosphoric light !re 
is no d\bt1 b x also dep5ds on ! /ate ( 
! body1 & does n signify ! sure approa* 

( dea?4 ,a lady 9 ,italy is describ$ by 
,b>?ol9 z produc+ phosphoric radiation  
:5 h] body 0 g5tly rubb$ ) dry l951 & m 
?an "o in/ance ( pale light surr\nd+    
sick p]sons is record$ on good au?ority4
 ,?is portion ( ! sci5ce (              
phosphoresc5ce is involv$ 9 ! same my/]y
 z ! previ\sly describ$ bran*es2 !ories 
are sugge/$2 b no real satisfactory     
explanation is f\nd = ! diff]5t k9ds (  
lum9osity4 ,we w close ?is article ) an 
acc\nt giv5 by ,dr4 ,kane ( an          
extraord9>y case ( phosphoresc5ce on !  
human body :i* occurr$ 9 ! pol> regions4
 ,x 0 on ! night ( ,janu>y #b1 #ahed1 t 
! p>ty s\ght %elt] f an icy dea?-deal+  
w9d 9 an ,esquimaux hut4 ,exhau/ion1    
add$ to ! int5se cold1 induc$ sleep1 b z
 ! doctor 0 compos+ himself = ! night1  
he 0 ar\s$ by an exclamation t ! fire 0 
out4 ,to try & relight x 0 ! in/ant     
endeavor ( ,dr4 ,kane & 8 man4 ,! latt] 
fail+1 ! doctor1 9 despair1 s\ght to d s
 himself4 ,x 0 s int5sely d>k1 says he1 
t ,i _h to grope = x 7! pi/ol ) :i* !y  

/rove to produce a sp>k71 & 9 do+ s t\*$
 8 h&4 ,at t in/ant1 ! pi/ol became     
di/9ctly visible4 ,a pale blui% light1  
slightly tremul\s1 b n brok51 cov]$ !   
metallic p>ts ( x--! b>rel1 lock1 &     
trigg]4 ,! #gge /ock1 too1 0 cle>ly     
disc]nible1 z if by ! reflect$ light1 & 
to ! amazem5t ( bo? ( u1 ! ?umb & two   
f+]s ) :i* ,pet]s5 0 hold+ x1 ! creases1
 wr9kles1 & circuit ( ! nails cle>ly    
def9$ ^u ! sk94 ,! phosphoresc5ce 0 n   
unlike ! ineffectual fire ( ! gl[worm4  
,z ,i took ! pi/ol1 my h& became        
illum9at$ also1 & s did ! p[d]-rubb$    
pap] :5 ,i rais$ x aga9/ ! muzzle4 ,!   
pap] did n ignite at ! fir/ trial2 b !  
light f x cont9u+1 ,i 0 able to *>ge !  
pi/ol )\t difficulty4  ------  ,f ,!    
,mon?4  ,,civilization ,,9 ,,! ,,fif?   
,,c5tury4   ,! "n ( ,ozanam 0 already   
celebrat$ 9 ! _w ( lett]s1 & he _h      
publi%$ "s portions ( 8 hi/orical c\rse1
 :5 he di$1 9 ! mid/ ( 8 unf9i%$ labors4
 ,8 e>ly dea? is a fre% pro( ( ! tru? ( 
! old adage1 ,ars longa1 vita brevis1 & 

! int]e/ ( 8 %ort autobiography is      
int5se4 ,he tells u ( himself3 ,9 ! mid/
 ( an age ( scepticism ,god gave me !   
bless+ ( hav+ a ,*ri/ian fa!r & a       
religi\s "m2 & he gave me = my fir/     
in/ructress a si/] full ( intellig5ce1 &
 dev\t1 l ! angels :om %e has gone to   
jo94 ,b1 9 ! c\rse ( "t1 ! rumors ( an  
infidel _w rea*$ ev5 to me1 & ,i knew   
all ! horror ( ^? d\bts :i* weigh d[n ! 
he>t dur+ ! day1 & :i* return at night  
^u ! pill[ moi/5$ ) te>s4 ,! unc]ta9ty (
 my et]nal de/9y left me no repose4 ,i  
clung ) despair to ! sacr$ dogmas1 & ,i 
?\ght ,i felt !m give way 9 my grasp4 ,x
 0 !n t ,i 0 sav$ by ! tea*+ ( a prie/  
well v]s$ 9 philosophy4 ,he arrang$ &   
cle>$ up my ideas4 ,i believ$ f t "t ) a
 firm fai?1 &1 p5etrat$ ) ! s5se ( s r>e
 a bless+1 ,i v[$ to ,god t ,i w\ld     
devote my life to ! s]vice ( t tru? :i* 
_h giv5 me peace4 ,tw5ty ye>s h pass$   
away s9ce t "t4 ,provid5ce has done     
ev]y?+ to snat* me f bus9ess & to fix me
 9 intellectual labors4 ,! comb9ation ( 

circum/ances has l$ me to /udy *iefly   
religion1 law1 & lett]s4 ,i h visit$ !  
places :i* c\ld af=d me in=mation4 ,!   
hi/orian ,gibbon1 z he w&]$ on !        
capitol1 beheld issu+ f ! gates ( !     
basilica ( ,ara ,coeli a long procession
 ( ,franciscans1 :o m>k$ ) _! s&als !   
pavem5t trodd5 by s _m triumphs4 ,x 0 !n
 t1 inspir$ by indignation1 he =m$ !    
design ( av5g+ antiquity ?us outrag$ by 
,*ri/ian b>b>ism1 & he conceiv$ ! plan (
 a ,hi/ory ( ! ,fall ( ! ,roman ,empire4
 ,i too h se5 ! monks ( ,ara ,coeli     
tread ! anci5t pavem5t ( ,jupit]        
,capitol9us1 & ,i rejoic$ at x1 z !     
victory ( love ov] /r5g?2 & ,i resolv$  
to write ! hi/ory ( progress 9 ^? ages  
:]e philosophy f9ds only decad5ce2 !    
hi/ory ( civilization 9 b>b>\s times1 ! 
hi/ory ( ?\ght escap+ ! %ipwreck (      
lett]s1 =ti teg5te bra*io 7,pref41 pp4  
#b1 #e47  ,! pr(essor relates himself1 )
 all ! vigor ( 8 intellect1 ! great &   
glori\s plan ( hi/ory :i* 0 ! object ( 8
 life1 9 a lett] dat$ ,jan4 #be1 #ahdh3 

,?is w be ! lit]>y hi/ory ( b>b>\s      
times1 ! hi/ory ( lett]s1 & consequ5tly 
#ggf ( civilization1 f ! ,lat9 decad5ce1
 & ! fir/ beg9n+ ( ,*ri/ian g5ius1 to ! 
end ( ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,i %all make x !
 subject ( my lectures dur+ t5 ye>s1 if 
x is necess>y1 & if ,god prolongs my    
life4 ,! subject w\ld be admirable1 = x 
w\ld consi/ 9 mak+ kn[n ?is long &      
labori\s education :i* ! ,*ur* be/[$ on 
mod]n nations4 ,he !n m>ks ! sali5t     
po9ts ( 8 picture--! intellectual /ate (
 ! _w at ! comm5cem5t ( ,*ri/ianity--!  
monde b>b>e & its irruption into        
civiliz$ society1 & met by ! labors (   
,boe?ius1 ,isidore ( ,seville1 ,v54     
,b$e1 & ,/4 ,boniface1 :o c>ri$ ! tor* (
 le>n+ f "o c\ntry to ano!r1 & h&$ x d[n
 to ,*>lemagne4 ,!n foll[ ! crusades1 & 
!n ! ?ree glori\s c5turies ( ! middle   
ages1 :5 ,/4 ,anselm1 ,/4 ,b]n>d1 ,pet] 
,lomb>d1 ,alb]t ! ,great1 ,/4 ,?omas1 & 
,/4 ,bonav5ture a*iev$ = ! _w (         
intellect all t ! ,*ur* & /ate acquir$ f
 ,gregory ,,vii41 ,alex&] ,,iii41       

,innoc5t ,,iii4 & ,,iv41 ,fr$]ic ,,ii41 
,/4 ,l\is1 & ,alfonso ,x4 ,he gives a   
resume ( ! ev5ts :i* influ5c$ mod]n     
hi/ory1 & ends by say+1 ,my labors w\ld 
be complet$ by la ,div9a ,comm$ia1 !    
greate/ monum5t ( a p]iod1 ( :i* x may  
be call$ an abridgm5t1 & ( :i* x is !   
glory4 ,?is is propos$ to himself by a  
man :o 0 ne> dy+1 a ye> & a half ago1 & 
:o is n yet :olly recov]$4 ,b ,i dep5d  
entirely on ! goodness ( ,god1 9 case he
 is pleas$ to re/ore my heal? & pres]ve 
to me ! love = ^! noble /udies ) :i* he 
has inspir$ me4 7,pref41 pp4 #c-f47     
,su* 0 ! object & occupation ( 8 life f 
! age ( eighte51 :5 he 0 an obscure     
/ud5t1 to ! "t :5 he pron\nc$1 z        
pr(essor1 ! lectures :i* conta9$ !      
labors ( tw5ty ye>s4 ,happily = himself1
 he _h le>nt e>ly ! result ( labor4 ,:5 
he 0 tw5ty ye>s ( age1 he wrote1 ,we    
exi/ on e>? only to accompli% ! w (     
,god4 ,?is w is fulfill$ day by day2 &  
he :o dies1 leav+ 8 task unf9i%$1 is1 9 
! sight ( ! div9e mak]1 z f> advanc$ z  

he :o has _h "t to br+ 8 to completion4 
,x 0 at ,pisa1 ,april #bc1 #ahec1 t ,m4 
,ozanam wrote a pray] s solemn1 z well z
 s t\*+1 t 8 fri5d1 ,fa!r ,amp]e1 seems 
to hesitate :e!r x ought to be laid be=e
 ! public4 ,8 hesitation 0 conqu]$ by ! 
desire ( mak+ :at is s excell5t kn[n1 & 
he publi%es ! soliloquy ( ! dy+ man3  ,i
 h said1 ',9 ! mid/ ( my days ,i %all g 
d[n to ! gates ( dea?1' etc4 7,canticle 
,ezek47  ,?is day is complet$ my =tie?  
ye>3 m ?an half ! ord9>y span ( life4 ,i
 am1 h[ev]1 dang]\sly ill4 ,mu/ ,i1 !n1 
quit all ^! possessions :i* ?\ ?yself   
ha/ giv5 me1 my ,god8 ,wilt ?\ n1 ,o    
,"l1 accept a "p ( ! sacrifice8 ,:i* (  
my ill-regulat$ affections %all ,i (f]  
up to !e8 ,wilt n ?\ accept ! holocau/ (
 my lit]>y self-love1 my academical     
ambition1 my prospects = /udy1 9 :i*1   
p]haps1 !re is m+l$ m pride ?an zeal =  
tru?8 ,if ,i sold ! half ( my books &   
gave ! price ( !m to ! poor1 & if ,i    
re/rict$ myself to fulfill+ ! duties (  
my (fice1 & consecrat$ ! re/ ( my life  

to visit+ ! poor & in/ruct+ appr5tices &
 soldi]s1 ,"l1 w\ld ?is be a suffici5t  
satisfaction1 & w\ld/ ?\ leave me !     
happ9ess ( liv+ to old age ) my wife1 & 
complet+ ! education ( my *ild8 ,p]haps1
 ,o my ,god1 ?is is n ?y w4 ,?\ wilt n  
accept ^! selfi% (f]+s4 ,?\ rejecte/ my 
holocau/ & my sacrifices4 ,x is myself  
:om ?\ require/4 ,x is writt5 9 !       
comm5cem5t ( ! book t ,i mu/ d ?y w1 &  
,i h said1 ,o ,"l1 ,i come4  ,x is ) a  
solemn int]e/ t we turn to ! fragm5ts ( 
t "w to :i* ,ozanam devot$ 8 life & #ggg
 en]gies1 & we f9d x to be ! hi/ory (   
mod]n ,europe4 ,he himself lays d[n !   
?ree elem5ts ( hi/ory4 ,fir/1 *ronology1
 :i* pres]ves ! g5]al succession (      
ev5ts2 !n leg5d1 :i* gives !m life &    
color2 & !n philosophy1 :i* fills !m1 z 
x 71 ) s\l & intellig5ce4  ,9 ! *ildhood
 ( ! _w1 :5 ! desire ( k 0 fre% & /rong1
 all pagan hi/ories began ) ! siege (   
,troy1 & all ,*ri/ian hi/ories f ,adam &
 ,eve4 ,au?ors ga9$ fame by *ronicles ( 
all pa/ ev5ts1 because x satisfi$ !     

natural curiosity ( man to "k !         
antec$5ts ( 8 c\ntry or race4 ,z "t w5t 
on1 hi/ory became ! expression ( popul> 
feel+s2 & :at took place g5]ally may be 
inf]r$ f :at we "k ( our own c\ntry4 ,! 
,briti% monk1 ,ge(frey ( ,monm\?1 wrote 
( ,ar?ur1 ! *ampion ( ! fai? & ! model (
 *ivalry2 & ! ,v5]able ,b$e wrote ( !   
sa9ts among 8 own ,saxon c\ntrym52 !n   
came1 ) ! evils ( ! re=mation1 a rev]5ce
 = :at 0 anci5t1 & ,/[ wrote ( ,ca?olic 
,engl& ) a fidelity :i* rank$ him among 
! b5efactors ( 8 c\ntry4 ,b !n also     
egotism began4 ,ea* mu/ ?9k = himself1 &
 appropriate ! results ( =m] labors2 ea*
 mu/ analyze1 or g5]alize1 or criticise2
 & p]haps x is true t ! orig9al writ] is
 he :o gives to ! _w 8 own view ( ?+s1 &
 n ! ?+s !mselves4 ,if he is unselfi% & 
loves tru? = itself1 he is a poet2 if he
 subjects tru? to 8 own views1 he writes
 ( hi/ory1 b he does n write hi/ory2    
facts become subs]vi5t to !ories1 & he  
m5tions only a few1 z necess>y          
illu/rations ( 8 own sy/em4 ,! read]    

yawns ov] ! succession ( k+s & ev5ts1 & 
*ooses = 8 guide ! infidel ,hume1 !     
philan?ropic ,mack9to%1 or ! ,hanov]ian 
,macaulay4 ,! fa%ion ( ! pres5t day is !
 idolization ( nature4 ,?is has made art
 pre-,raphaelite1 & poetry euphui/ic4   
,hi/ory1 too1 is p]haps becom+ a        
labori\s re/oration ( ! pa/4 ,) a ta/e =
 detail :i* is truly ,go?ic1 ! popul>   
hi/orian mu/ reproduce 8 *>act]s ) _!   
own features1 co/ume1 & ent\rage1 & !   
long =gott5 p]sonages1 z if re/or$ to   
life by ! g5ius ( ,sir ,walt] ,scott1   
mu/ walk ab\t ! /age 9 m$iaeval g>b4    
,hi/ory has gone ?r\gh ne>ly ! same     
phases on ! cont95t until ! p]iod ( !   
re=mation4 ,!n 9 ,ca?olic c\ntries--z   
,france1 ,spa91 & ,italy--arose a m     
reason+ b a grave & in/ructive s*ool (  
hi/ory1 :i* pres]v$ pa/ ev5ts z a       
deposit ( ! ages ( fai?2 & latt]ly1 s9ce
 excitem5t is become necess>y to all1 & 
! speculations ( ,g]man lit]ature h     
taught almo/ all to ?9k1 ! ,fr5* &      
,g]man hi/orians h adopt$ ! philosophy (

 hi/ory4 ,! ,g]man s*ool takes a nak$   
problem & proves x by a s]ies (         
ab/ractions4 ,we read ,s*legel &        
,guizot1 & we f9d1 in/ead ( facts or    
dates or p]sons1 a sort ( allegorical   
p]sonification ( civilization1 lib]ty1  
progress1 etc4 ,?is is r declamation ?an
 n>ration1 & ^? among ! le>n$ :o value  
antiquity h f\nd ! art ( realiz+ n !    
ext]nals b ! _s ( ! pa/4 ,?us :5        
,ozanam1 z ! pr(essor ( =eign lit]ature 
at ,p>is1 writes ( ! middle ages1 !     
p]sons :om he names are1 = ! mom5t1     
liv+1 n petrifi$1 z 9 ! /]eoscope1 b    
?9k+1 speak+1 & act+1 z if ! writ] c\ld 
op5 a bright glimpse into ! et]nal _w1  
:]e ,/4 ,d5ys1 ,/4 ,b]n>d1 ,/4          
,bonav5ture1 & ,/4 ,?omas /ill          
contemplate ! au?or & giv] ( all !y     
knew4 ,& :5 he speaks ( ! succession (  
ev5ts1 x seems z if we pass$ f ! mid/ ( 
a cr[d$ procession1 jo/l+ along ! du/y  
highway1 to an em95ce f :i* we see !    
po9ts ( its dep>ture & arrival1 !       
di/+ui%$ p]sons1 ! great objects1 & !   

direction ( ! m>*1 & t we #ggh n only   
see b und]/& & sympa?ize ) ! _s ( !     
und]tak+4 ,! ?\ght is f above1 b x      
becomes our own4 ,= he n only classifies
 & g5]alizes1 b he *ri/ianizes 8        
glimpses into hi/ory4 ,8 pictures are   
inde$ only illu/rative ( 8 pr9ciples2 b 
:5 he introduces a p]son or a fact1 he  
speaks ( !m ) su* intimacy ( k t x      
creates a ke5 curiosity z well z a      
consci\sness ( ignorance 9 ! read]4 ,b !
 read] ( ,ozanam mu/ be already a       
hi/orian be=e he c appreciate ! b5efit (
 hav+ 8 k classifi$ & animat$ by a liv+ 
pr9ciple1 z well z vivifi$ & r5d]$      
di/9ct1 z ! objects 9 a dull l&scape by 
a beam ( sun%9e4  ,! mission ( ,ozanam  
seems to be ! de/ruction ( ^? errors z  
to ! value ( ! k possess$ 9 ! middle    
ages1 :i* h exi/$ s9ce ! r5aissance4  ,x
 0 natural t :5 ! calamities ( ,europe 7
 s f> pa/ z to p]mit ! developm5t ( !   
intellectual faculties1 m5 %\ld be elat$
 by _! new p[]s1 & und]value ! pa9ful   
labors ( m5 int]rupt$ by viol5ce &      

crime4 ,maitl&1 by ! evid5ce ( 8 own    
read+1 saw ! inju/ice ( ?is1 & said     
wittily1 t by ! d>k ages 7 meant ! ages 
ab\t :i* we are 9 ! d>k4 ,b he c\ld see 
only ! outw>d face ( m$iaeval k1 & miss$
 its vivify+ _s--! fai? ( ! ,*ur*4      
,ozanam _h ! gift ( fai?1 & traces ) a  
firm h& ! progress ( human intellect1   
(t5 conceal$ & limit$1 b always advanc+1
 & (t5 break+ out 9 p[] & glory :5 "s   
sa9t$ pope or doctor ( ! ,*ur* expla9$ !
 pr9ciples ( religion & philosophy4  ,b 
x w\ld be presumptu\s to anticipate     
,ozanam himself1 ^: own words z well z 8
 v life itself h giv5 a resume ( 8 great
 object4 ,x is at ! conclusion ( a      
lecture t he ?us addresses ! /ud5ts3  ,x
 is n my int5tion to foll[ out into its 
m9or details ! lit]>y hi/ory ( ! fif?   
c5tury4 ,i only seek 9 x t light :i* w  
cle> up ! obscurity ( ! foll[+ ages4    
,travell]s tell u ( riv]s :i* fl[       
und]nea? rocks1 & :i* reappe> at a      
di/ance f ! place :]e !y 7 lo/ to !     
view4 ,i trace up ! /ream ( ^!          

traditions above ! po9t :]e x seems to  
be lo/1 & ,i %all endeavor to desc5d ) !
 /ream into ! abyss1 9 ord] to assure   
myself t ,i really behold ! same wat]s  
at _! outlet4 ,hi/orians h op5$ a *asm  
betwe5 antiquity & b>b>ism4 ,i h        
attempt$ to replace ! connections :i*   
,provid5ce has nev] suff]$ to fail 9 "t 
any m ?an 9 space1 etc4 ,i %\ld n brave 
! difficulties ( su* a /udy1 g5tlem51 if
 ,i 7 n support$1 nay1 urg$ onw>ds1 by  
y4 ,i call to witness ^! walls1 t if    
ev]1 at r>e int]vals1 ,i h be5 visit$ by
 inspiration1 x 0 )9 _! circuit2 :e!r !y
 h giv5 back "s ( ! glori\s e*oes ) :i* 
!y h =m]ly rung1 or :e!r ,i h felt      
myself c>ri$ away by y\r ard5t          
sympa?ies4 ,p]haps my design is ra%2 b y
 mu/ %>e ! responsibility4 ,y w make up 
! defici5cy ( my /r5g?4 ,i %all gr[ old 
& gray-hair$ 9 ! labor1 if ,god p]mits2 
b ! coldness ( age %all n ga9 ^u me s f>
 z t ,i %all n be able to return1 z ?is 
day1 9 ord] to r5ew ! "y vigor ( my he>t
 9 ! w>m? ( y\r y\?ful days4  ,x is 9 8 

lecture on pagan empires t ,ozanam lays 
d[n ! pr9ciple on :i* 8 views ( m$iaeval
 hi/ory are bas$3 ,ea* epo* has a ru9 & 
a conque/--a decad5ce & a r5aissance4 ,!
 greate/ epo* ( ! _w's hi/ory is t :5   
all t 0 giv5 to man at 8 creation 0     
ex*ang$ = a bett] nature at 8 r$emption4
 ,?is tru? ( de/ruction & reg5]ation is 
repeat$ ov] & ov] aga9 ?r\gh all creat$ 
?+s--! se$ mu/ die be=e ! #ggi new gra9 
c live4 ,z ea* individual mu/ be *ang$ f
 ! excell5ce ( :at he is /ill by nature 
to a heav5ly model1 s nations mu/ be    
*ang$1 & in/itutions p]i% & revive1 & ! 
great republic ( lett]s1 f\nd$ be=e !   
flood & p]fect$ 9 ,greece & ,rome1 mu/  
die & be reg5]at$ 9 ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*4 ,!
 fir/ decad5ce is t ( pagan ,rome4  ,x  
is impossible to repres5t by quotations 
! gr& b t]rible picture :i* ,ozanam     
draws ( paganism1 9 its glory1 its      
worldly spl5dor1 & its spiritual        
d>kness4 ,he does full ju/ice to !      
excell5ce ( e art & sci5ce :i* ! hea!ns 
atta9$2 b he %[s t :ile ! c\rt (        

,augu/us 0 ! model ( ref9em5t &         
civilization1 ! alt>s 7 smok+ ) inc5se  
to devils1 :o 7 ! p]sonifications ( e   
vice1 & ! rites ( ! temples 7           
incantations & abom9ations4 ,an audi5ce 
( ,*ri/ian /ud5ts c\ld n be> ! too      
revolt+ details4  ,8 object 0 ! same z t
 ( ! great au?or ( ,calli/a--to de/roy !
 pre/ige :i* /ill inve/s all t is       
classical4 ,rome 0 9 tru? a maje/ic     
empire1 & ev5 ,/4 ,j]ome trembl$ at its 
fall3 ,elle e/ captive la cite qui mit  
en captivite le monde4  ,/4 ,augu/9 0 n 
a ,roman1 & 0 less ov]p[]$ by ! t]ror ( 
its fall4 ,9 ! mid/ ( ! outcries :i*    
accus$ ,*ri/ianity z ! cause ( ! ru9 :i*
 involv$ ! _w by ! evid5t v5geance (    
heav51 ! sa9t wrote 8 ,city ( ,god1 &   
develop$ f ! creation ( ! _w to ! times 
9 :i* he liv$ ! great ,*ri/ian law (    
progress4 ,a new empire--t (            
consci5ce--0 to rule all nations4 ,9 ?is
 new empire /r5g? & c\rage 7 ( no avail1
 & wom5 7 z p[]ful z m5 9 conv]t+ ! _w4 
,clotilde conv]t$ ! hea!n ,franks1 &    

,!odol9d ! ,arian ,lomb>ds4 ,! holy     
bi%op ,/4 ,patrick conv]t$ 9 8 lifetime 
! :ole ,iri% nation2 & ! holy monk ,/4  
,b5$ict f\nd$ 9 ! des]t ( ,cass9o !     
mona/ic armies ( ! ,*ur*2 :ile ,/4      
,gregory1 f 8 b$ ( sickness1 head$ !    
battle ( civilization aga9/ b>b>ism4 ,! 
victory 0 complete1 & e conv]t$ c\ntry  
s5t =? its mission>ies to =m ,*ri/ian   
colonies4  ,?us fell ! p[] ( ,rome1 b n 
h] influ5ce1 = ! great influ5ce (       
paganism 0 ! excell5ce ( its lit]ature4 
,?\gh ! ,augu/an writ]s 7 no m1 yet     
,ammianus ,m>cell9us wrote hi/ory ) ! _s
 ( a soldi]1 & ,vegetius wrote !        
precepts ( ! art ( conqu]+4 ,symma*us 0 
?\ght to rival ,pl9y 9 8 lett]s2 &1 at !
 same "t1 ,claudian1 ! la/ & n ! lea/ ( 
,lat9 poets1 succe$$ ,lucan 9 ^?        
hi/orical epics s popul> at ,rome4 ,he  
celebrat$ ! w> ( ,gildo & ! victories ( 
,/ili*o ov] ! ,go?s 9 v]ses equal to !  
,ph>salia2 & 8 invectives aga9/         
,eutropius & ,ruf9us1 9 def5se ( ,/ili*o
 8 patron1 are /ill consid]$ ma/]pieces4

 ,he ignor$ n only ,*ri/ianity b        
,*ri/ian writ]s1 ?\gh ,/4 ,ambrose 0 at 
,milan & ,/4 ,augu/9 at ,c>?age1 & wrote
 gravely ( my?ology 9 an age :5 few     
pagans believ$ its fables4 ,he 0 an     
,egyptian by bir?1 & tra9$ 9 ! s*ools ( 
,alex&ria1 & 0 patroniz$ by ! ,*ri/ian  
emp]or ,honorius1 :o erect$ to him--z to
 ! be/ ( poets-- a /atue 9 ,trajan's    
,=um4 ,yet ,claudian _h truly pagan     
morals2 he prais$ ! vices ( 8 patron    
,/ili*o1 & :5 he 0 murd]$ he wrote a    
poem to 8 enemy2 he misus$ bo? panegyric
 & satire1 ! p[]s ( a good und]/&+ & a  
ri* fancy & fl[+ v]sification1 :i* place
 him1 aft] an int]val ( ?ree hundr$     
ye>s1 among ! poets ( anci5t ,rome4 ,b  
:ile ,claudian celebrat$ ! conflict (   
,rome ) ! b>b>ians1 he p]ceiv$ n !      
mighty w> betwe5 ,*ri/ianity & paganism2
 & :ile our ,"l & 8 bless$ ,"m #ghj     
triumph$ ov] ! idols & _! temples1 he   
wa/$ 8 poetry 9 _! praise2 & :5 he      
recit$ a poem 9 ! pres5ce ( ,honorius & 
! s5ate1 he spoke to !m z if !y believ$ 

9 my?ology4 ,ozanam gives "o rem>kable  
pro( ( ! hold ov] m5's m9ds reta9$ by   
paganism4 ,:5 ,honorius took possession 
( ! palace ( ,augu/us on ,m\nt ,palat9e1
 he assembl$ ! s5ate1 & 9 ! pres5ce (   
all ^! great p]sons1 _m ( :om 7         
,*ri/ian1 ,claudian unroll$ ! p>*m5t    
:]eon 8 v]ses 7 writt5 9 lett]s ( gold1 
& address$ ,honorius z resembl+ ,jupit] 
conqu]+ ! giants4 ,& aga91 :5 he _h !   
(fice ( %[+ ! spl5dors ( ,rome to       
,honorius1 :5 he visit$ x = ! fir/ "t   
7#djd71 he spoke ( ! city z a pagan 9 ! 
language ( idolatry4 ,& ! poet          
,rutilius1 ?\gh born 9 ,gaul1 idoliz$   
,rome4 ,rome 0 ! la/ div9ity ( !        
anci5ts4 ,"m ( m5 & gods 7he calls h]1 z
 he wrote 8 ,it9]>y to ,gaul71 ! sun    
rises & sets 9 ?y dom9ions2 ?\ ha/ made 
"o c\ntry ( _m nations--"o city ( ! _w4 
,?y ye> is an et]nal spr+2 ! w9t] d>es n
 /ay ?y joy4 ,s p[]ful 0 ! influ5ce (   
pagan ,rome ov] a =eign]2 & t influ5ce  
may be yet bett] p]ceiv$ 9 ! ,*ri/ian   
poet ,sidonius ,apoll9>is1 :o1 ?\gh     

br\ght up1 l ,ausonius1 9 ! ,gallic     
s*ools1 & s\nd 9 fai?1 c\ld n write     
hexamet]s )\t my?ology4 ,! only language
 ( poetry 0 pagan2 & :5 he wrote to ,/4 
,pati5t1 bi%op ( ,lyons 7:o f$ 8 p 9    
fam9e71 he comp>$ him to ,triptolemus4  
,! fir/ antagoni/ ( ! ,*ur*1 9 h] task (
 reg5]at+ society1 0 paganism2 ! second1
 b>b>ism4 ,*>lemagne con/ruct$1 on !    
ru9s ( ! ,roman empire1 an empire (     
enlight5$ ,*ri/ianity2 b ano!r decad5ce 
foll[$4 ,! ,normans sack$ mona/]ies1 &  
burn$ ! ,holy ,scriptures1 toge!r )     
,ari/otle & ,virgil4 ,! ,huns de/roy$ ! 
v grass ( ! fields4 ,! ,lomb>ds seem$ to
 be s5t = ! de/ruction ( all t 0 left ( 
human k9d4 ,ozanam says1 ,provid5ce     
loves to surprise4 ,! monks :o escap$ ! 
,norman pirates prea*$ to !m amid/ !    
a%es ( _! mona/]ies1 & ! ,normans became
 ,*ri/ians4 ,!n arose ! basilicas (     
,pal]mo & ,monreale 9 ,sicily1 & !      
*ur*es ( ,italy1 ,norm&y1 & ,engl&4 ,/4 
,adalb]t conv]t$ ! ,huns1 & !y def5d$   
,*ri/5dom aga9/ ! vices ( ,byzantium & !

 invasions ( ,mohamm$ans4 ,on ! ru9s ( !
 ,roman empire arose ! k+doms ( ,france1
 ,g]many1 & ,italy4 ,( ?is new empire1  
feudality & *ivalry 7 ! opposite        
elem5ts4 ,feudality 0 ! pr9ciple (      
division1 *ivalry t ( frat]nity2 & ^!   
remodell$ society4  ,! calamities att5d+
 ?is f9al disruption ( ! empire         
int]rupt$ /udy1 & le>n+ 0 conf9$ to !   
isl&s ( ,great ,brita9 & ,irel&1 f :5ce 
mission>ies c>ri$ n only religion b     
le>n+ into ! c\ntries :]e !y 7 almo/    
ext+ui%$ by ! ,go?s4 ,g]many _h ?ree    
great mona/]ies--,n\velle ,corbie1      
,fulda1 & ,/4 ,gall4 ,at ?is la/ mona/]y
 0 pres]v$ ! classic lit]ature4 ,monks  
/udi$ gramm> & wrote ,a,eneids4 ,! royal
 ,h$wige introduc$ ! /udy ( ,greek at   
,/4 ,gull2 & ,ozanam relates x 9 "o ( ^?
 graphic incid5ts :i* are wor? volumes4 
,a new p]iod began ) ,gregory ,,vii4 ,:5
 he said1 ,"l1 ,i h lov$ ju/ice1 & hat$ 
iniquity2 :]e=e ,i die 9 exile1 a bi%op 
repli$1 ,y _c die 9 exile1 because ,god 
has giv5 y ! e>? = y\r jurisdiction1 & !

 nations = y\r inh]itance4 ,!n foll[$ ! 
crusades1 t wond]ful & provid5tial means
 by :i* ! civilization ( ! ,ea/ 0 br\ght
 into ! s]vice ( ! ,we/]n ,*ur*4 ,!y    
de/roy$ feudalism2 = all :o f\ght ga9$  
glory1 :e!r s]f or noble4 #gha ,*ivalric
 poetry arose4 ,g]many _h its           
,niebelung51 ,spa9 its ,cid4 ,!n arose !
 arts ar\nd ,giotto & ! tomb ( ,/4      
,francis4 ,*ri/ian ar*itecture 0 n      
,roman4 ,! small temples & l>ge         
amphi!atres1 etc41 7 replac$ by l>ge    
*ur*es1 public halls1 s*ools &          
hospitals1 a small t[n r\nd a l>ge      
ca!dral4 ,!re 7 ?ree capitals3 ,rome1 ! 
seat ( ! ,papacy2 ,aix-la-,*apelle1 !   
seat ( empire2 & ,p>is1 ( ! s*ools4  ,h[
 paganism p]i%$ is p]haps "o ( ! mo/    
useful lectures 9 ! c\rse1 z x be>s ^u !
 d\bts :i* are /ill felt by "s z to !   
use ( pagan books 9 ,*ri/ian education4 
,ozanam %[s t ! monks pres]v$ by        
transcrib+ ! works ( ,s5eca & ,cic]o1 & 
t ,/4 ,augu/9 br\ght ,plato & ,ari/otle 
into ,*ri/ian s*ools2 t ,/4 ,augu/91 ,/4

 ,j]ome1 & ,/4 ,basil pres]v$ ! hea!n   
poets till ,*ri/ian poets _h le>nt _!   
art2 nay1 h[ ! ,*ur* protect$ ! ,gallic 
b>ds & ,g]man scalds1 & taught !m to s+ 
! praises ( ,god4 ,/4 ,gregory pres]v$ !
 ,saxon temples1 & ev5 adapt$ _! rites &
 fe/ivals to be us$ 9 ,*ri/ian wor%ip1 t
 :at _h be5 p]v]t$ to ! s]vice ( devils 
might be re/or$ to ,god4  ,! contra/--! 
abyss--betwe5 ! middle ages & !         
r5aissance has be5 exagg]at$4 ,!re 0    
lit]>y paganism 9 ! ages ( fai?4 ,!     
tr\bad\rs sang ( my?ology1 & ! language 
( idolatry 0 purifi$ by its application 
to ! praises ( ! m>tyrs1 z is %[n 9 !   
poems ( ,/4 ,paul9us4 ,:5 ! ,*ur* em]g$ 
f p]secution1 ! ,roman s*ools became    
,*ri/ian2 & :5 ! ,lomb>ds ?reat5$ to    
plunge ,*ri/5dom 9 d>kness1 !re 7 two   
lamps /ill burn+ 9 ! night--episcopal & 
mona/ic tea*+2 & 9 ^!1 by degrees1 !    
pagan books & pagan lit]ature 7 replac$ 
by ,*ri/ian works1 9 :i*1 h[ev]1 !re 7  
/ill abundant traces ( _! pagan ma/]s4  
,x is 9 a fragm5t t ,ozanam speaks ( !  

way 9 :i* ! valuable "p ( antiquity 0   
pres]v$4 ,:5 w9t] beg9s1 x seems z if   
vegetation w\ld p]i%4 ,! w9d sweeps away
 ! fl[]s & leaves2 b ! se$s rema94 ,!   
provid5ce ( ,god wat*es ov] !m4 ,!y are 
def5d$ by a husk aga9/ ! cold1 & h w+s  
:i* be> !m to cong5ial places1 :]e !y   
spr+ aga94 ,s1 :5 ! ages ( b>b>ism came1
 ! w9t] ( human nature1 x seems z if    
poetry & all ! vegetation ( ?\ght w\ld  
p]i%2 b x 0 pres]v$ 9 ! dry que/ions ( !
 s*ools ?r\gh ?ree or f\r c5turies2 & :5
 ! "t & place came1 ! man ( g5ius 0     
rais$ up1 & 9 8 h&s !y grew aga94 ,su* 0
 ,/4 ,?omas ( ,aqu91 ! *ampion (        
dogmatism2 & ,/4 ,bonav5ture1 (         
my/icism2 & ,*ri/5dom _h its own        
philosophy4 ,p]haps we d n realize      
suffici5tly ! despair :i* 0 ! lot (     
reflect+ hea!ns4 ,!y s\ght ! aid (      
philosophy to console !m = hopeless     
det]ioration f a gold5 to an iron age2 b
 philosophy c\ld only tea* t ! _w 0     
p]i%+1 & t ! pride ( man mu/ pres]ve him
 f err+ & p]i%+ ) its possessions4 ,!   

hea!ns knew n ! idea ( progress2 b !    
gospel tea*es & comm&s human            
p]fectibility1 & says to ea*1 ,be ye    
p]fect2 & to all1 ,let ! ,*ur* gr[ into 
! fulness ( ,*ri/4 ,x 0 fai?1 hope1 &   
*>ity :i* produc$ progress4  ,&1 fir/1  
fai? set free ! human m9d f ! ignorance 
( ,god4 ,idolatry 0 n only t m5 gave to 
devils ! wor%ip :i* !y ow$ to ,god2 x 0 
! love ( :at is mortal & p]i%able1      
in/ead ( :at is spiritual & et]nal2 x   
sunk mank9d into mat]ialism & s5suality4
 ,pa9t]s & sculptors repres5t$ only     
corporeal beauty3 !re 0 no expression 9 
! figures ( ,phidias or ,p>rhasius4     
,ozanam %[s h[ ,*ri/ian art us$ :at is  
mat]ial #ghb only z symbolism1 &        
express$ by =m & color :at is invisible 
& cele/ial2 :ile poetry 0 rescu$ f      
degradation1 & became :at x really is1 !
 noble/ aspiration aft] tru? ( :i* man 9
 8 pres5t /ate is capable4 ,philosophy 0
 fre$ f ! trammels ( false sy/ems1 &    
speculat$ securely & deeply on ! div9e &
 human nature4 ,orig5 =m$ 9 !           

,cate*etical s*ools ( ,alex&ria ! sci5ce
 ( !ology1 & 9 ! gold5 age ( ?is new    
sci5ce ,/4 ,j]ome taught exegesis1 ,/4  
,augu/9 dogmatic1 & ,/4 ,ambrose moral  
!ology4 ,/4 ,anselm 0 torm5t$ by !      
desire ( f9d+ a %ort pro( t ,god exi/s1 
& ) him began metaphysics4 ,^! 7 ! ri*  
treasures :i* lay conceal$ 9 ! s*ola/ic 
tea*+ ( ! middle ages4  ,z !ology &     
,*ri/ian philosophy _h sprung f fai?1 s 
hope ext5d$ k1 because m5 labor$ ) fre% 
vigor 9 improv+ sci5ce4 ,! c\rse ( ages 
(f]s no gr&] spectacle ?an t ( man tak+ 
possession ( nature by k4 ,9 ! sev5?    
c5tury ! ,byzant9e monks pi]c$ ! /eppes 
( ,c5tral ,asia1 & pass$ ! wall ( ,*9a2 
monks took ! message ( ! ,pope to !     
,khan be=e ,m>co ,polo visit$ ! ,ea/2 & 
monks1 9 ! eigh? c5tury1 visit$ ,icel& &
 ev5 ,am]ica4 ,x 0 ! calculations ( !   
middle ages :i* embold5$ ,columbus to   
discov] a new _w & new creation2 & :5   
,magellan sail$ r\nd ! globe1 man 0 ma/]
 ( 8 abode4 ,he goes on3 ,:5 man _h     
conqu]$ ! e>?1 he c\ld n re/2 ,cop]nicus

 bur/ ?r\gh ! false heav5s ( ,ptolemy2 !
 telescope discov]$ ! secrets ( ! />s1 &
 calculation numb]$ _! laws & orbits 9 !
 abyss ( heav54 ,woe be to ^? :o are l$ 
away by su* a sight f ,god6 ,! />s told 
8 glory to ,david1 & s !y did also to   
,kepl] & to ,newton4  ,x 0 by ! ?ird &  
greate/ ( ! !ological virtues1 *>ity1 t 
! moral z well z ! intellectual nature (
 man 0 reg5]at$1 ?\gh ! *ange 0 wr\ght1 
p]haps1 by sl[] degrees4 ,slav]y ( ! mo/
 revolt+ k9d--t slav]y :i* ignores ! s\l
 & ! reason1 z well z ! social rights ( 
! slave1 0 replac$ by lib]ty1 oppression
 & inju/ice by laws :i* are /ill bas$ ^u
 ! lett] ( ! ,roman laws2 b adm9i/]$ ) !
 equity ( ! ,*ri/ian code4 ,cruelty &   
indiff]5ce to human life1 z %[n 9 !     
national passion = gladiatorial games1 0
 replac$ by g5tl5ess & all good works2 &
 ! luxury ( palaces1 ba?s1 etc41 0      
replac$ by gorge\s *ur*es & hospitals4  
,education1 :i* _h be5 re/rict$ to !    
few1 0 ?r[n op5 to all by free s*ools & 
by ,*ri/ian prea*+4 ,above all1 !       

daught]s ( ,eve1 :o 7 degrad$ bel[ !    
condition ( ! v slaves1 7 rais$ to be   
helps-meet = ,*ri/ians1 ei!r by !       
sacram5t ( m>riage or by ! hol9ess (    
virg9ity4  ,9 speak+ ( ! recon/ruction (
 intellectual action 9 ! civilization ( 
,we/]n ,*ri/5dom1 ,ozanam has a gr& &   
/rik+ ?\ght1 t ! fir/ /ep to ?is 0      
uni=mity ( language4 ,! confusion (     
tongues :i* began at ,babel 0 sil5c$    
?r\gh\t ! _w by ! univ]sal use ( ! ,lat9
 language1 :i* 0 adopt$ by ! ,*ur*2 & t 
language1 :i* 0 =m$ to express all !    
passions & vices1 z well z ! /r5g? &    
intellig5ce ( man1 convey$1 by ! words (
 ,/4 ,gelasius & ,/4 ,gregory1 ! mo/    
sublime devotion2 by ^? ( ,/4 ,j]ome1 ! 
deep s5ses ( ! ,holy ,scriptures2 & :5 !
 ,*ri/ian intellect 0 free to develop   
itself1 !re arose t ,*ri/ian eloqu5ce 9 
prea*+ ! gospel :i* influ5c$1 = ! fir/  
"t1 all ranks & all dispositions ( m54  
,! pres5t edition ( ! au?or's works is  
conduct$ by fri5ds :o und]/ood & valu$ 8
 object1 & #ghc :o 7 able to fill up1   

)\t blemi%+1 ! unf9i%$ p>ts ( 8         
lectures4 ,no?+ c be done m fai?fully1  
or 9 bett] ta/e2 b !re are _m blanks too
 wide to be fill$ ev5 by su* skilful    
h&s4 ,ozanam says himself1 t ! two poles
 ( 8 "w are ! ,essays on ! ,g]mans be=e 
,*ri/ianity1 & t on ,dante4 ,^! =m !    
?ird & f\r? volumes4 ,9 ! fif? volume is
 8 ,essay on ! ,franciscan ,poets2 & t  
on ,dante closes ! s]ies4 ,we h conf9$  
ourselves to ! subject-matt] ( ! fir/ & 
second volumes1 :i* conta9 ! lectures on
 ! civilization ( ! fif? c5tury1 & :i*  
suffice to %[ ! l(ty ,*ri/ian philosophy
 ) :i* ,ozanam beholds ! c\rse ( mod]n  
hi/ory4 ,m ?an ?is x w\ld be difficult  
to %[4 ,! lectures !mselves are         
fragm5ts2 ideas snat*$ f ! rapid fl[ ( 8
 eloqu5ce1 & t eloqu5ce itself c\ld     
feebly express ! ?\ghts :i* visit$ 8    
m9d1 & ! impressions ( glory :i* left no
 trace b s5sation4 ,!re is no *ronology1
 no succession4 ,he fixes 8 eyes on !   
fif? c5tury--he p5etrates its my/]ies1 &
 ! secret influ5ces :i* x s5ds =? to    

aft] times4 ,he speaks ( :at he sees2 & 
we le>n t ! _w ( ,*ri/5dom has _h its   
decad5ce & r5aissance1 yet t progress   
cont9ues4 ,! crimes ( ! middle ages     
conceal t progress1 & s d ! tr\bles ( ! 
pres5t "t4 ,o passi graviora1 dabit     
,deus hic quoque f9em4  ------  ,f      
,*amb]s's ,j\rnal4  ,,! ,,bells ,,(     
,,avignon4    ,avignon 0 a joy\s city1  
,a joy\s t[n ) _m a /eeple1   ,t[]s &   
t\relles1 ro(s & turrets1   ,%elt]+ a   
m]ry p4   ,9 ea* t[]1 ! bells ( silv]1  
,bronze or iron1 sway$ s pr\dly1        
,toll+ deep & sw++ *e]ly1   ,beat+ fa/ &
 beat+ l\dly4    ,"o6 ,two6 ,?ree6 ,f\r6
 ev] s\nd+2   ,two6 ,f\r6 ,"o6 ,?ree6   
/ill repeat+2   ,five6 ,sev56 ,six6     
,eight6 hurry+1 *as+2   ,bim-bom-b+-bang
 m]ry beat+4   ,all ! day ! danc+       
sextons   ,dragg$ at bell-ropes1 ris+1  
fall+2   ,clang+ bells1 inquir+1 answ]+1
   ,f ! t[]s 7 ev] call+4    ,c>d9als1 9
 crimson g>m5ts1   ,/ood & li/5$ to !   
*im+2   ,& )9 8 l(ty *ateau   ,sate !   
pope1 & beat ! tim+4   ,m9/rels1        

soldi]s1 monks1 & je/]s   ,laugh$ to he>
 ! m]ry clamor1   ,z above !m 9 !       
turrets   ,music cla%$ f _m a hamm]4    
#ghd    ,avignon 0 a joy\s city3   ,f>  
away across ! bridges1   ',mong !       
v9e-slopes1 upw>d less5+1   ,to ! br[n  
cliffs' highe/ ridges1   ,clamor$ ^?    
sonor\s bells2   ,9 ! summ]'s noontide  
wrangl+1   ,9 "o silv] knot ( music     
,all _! *imes toge!r tangl+4    ,%[]+   
music on ! p   ,r\nd ! t[n-h\se 9 !     
morn+s2   ,scatt]+ joy & jubilations1   
,hope & welcome1 wra? & scorn+s2   ,u%]+
 k+s1 or m\rn+ pontiffs2   ,clang+ 9 !  
times ( ?und]1   ,& on nights :5        
conflagrations   ,clove ! city half     
asund]4    ,nights & nights across !    
riv]1   ,?r\gh ! d>kness />ry-dott$1    
,f> across ! bridge s /ately4   ,n[ by  
li*5s blurr$ & blott$1   ,came t float+1
 m\rnful music1   ,z f b&s ( angels     
fly+1   ,) ! l\d bla/s ( ! tempe/       
,/ill victori\sly vie+4    ,:o c\ld tell
 :y ,avignon   ,all its bells 0 ev]     
peal+8   ,:e!r to sc>e evil spirits1    

,/ill r\nd holy cities /eal+4   ,yet1   
p]haps1 t ceaseless *im+1   ,& t        
pleasant silv] beat+1   ,0 b z ( *ildr5 
play+1   ,& _! "m's "n repeat+4    ,"o6 
,two6 ,?ree6 ! bells w5t prattl+1   ,) a
 music s untir+2   ,"o6 ,two6 ,?ree6 9  
m]ry cad5ce1   ,roll+1 cra%+1 clang+1   
fir+4   ,h5ce x 0 t 9 pa/ ages1   ,:5   
'mid w> ^? s\nds seem$ sweet]1   ,la    
,ville ,sonnante p call$ x1   ,city     
sacr$ to ,sa9t ,pet]4    ,ye>s ago6 b n[
 all sil5t1   ,lone & sad1 ! grass-gr[n 
city1   ,has its bell-t[]s all des]t$   
,by ^? r+]s--m's ! pity4   ,pope &      
c>d9al are vani%$1   ,& no music fills !
 night-air2   ,gone ! r$ robes & !      
sable2   ,gone ! crosi] & ! mitre4      
------  #ghe  ,f ,! ,lamp4              
,,all-,,hall[ ,,eve2 ,,or1 ,,! ,,te/ ,,(
 ,,futurity4  ,,by ,,rob]t ,,curtis4    
,,*apt] ,x4  ,x is n to be wond]$ at t  
two p]sons1 equally clev] 9 all         
respects1 & hav+ a simil> ?\gh n        
id5tical object 9 view1 %\ld h pretty   
mu* ! same ?\ghts respect+ ! mann] (    

c>ry+ x out1 & f9ally pursue ! same     
c\rse to effect _! purpose4 ,b ! matt]  
involves "s nicety1 if n difficulty1 :5 
x s happ5s t ^? two p]sons h to "w ^u   
ea* o!r 9 a d\ble case4 ,x is !n a matt]
 ( diamond cut diamond2 & if1 z ,i h    
sugge/$1 bo? are equally clev]1 !       
discussion ( ! subject betwe5 !m w\ld   
make no bad sc5e 9 a play4 ,w9ny want$  
to f9d out some?+ f ,kate ,mulvey1 & at 
! same "t to hide some?+ f h]4 ,kate    
,mulvey 0 on precisely ! same int5t )   
,w9ny ,cavana 9 bo? ways2 s t "s su*    
t\rnam5t mu/ come (f betwe5 !m ! fir/ "t
 !y met1 ) suffici5t opportunity to h x 
out )\t int]ruption4  ,y h se5 t ,w9ny  
_h det]m9$ to s\nd h] fri5d ,kate1 z to 
h[ h] l& lay betwe5 ^! two "y m54 ,if   
,kate _h n made a l det]m9ation z to    
s\nd+ ,w9ny1 %e 01 at all ev5ts1 ready =
 ! enc\nt] at any mom5t1 & _h discuss$ !
 matt] ov] & ov] 9 h] own m9d4 ,_!      
mutual object1 !n1 0 to f9d out :i* ( ! 
"y m5 0 ! real object ( ! o!r's         
affections2 & up to ! pres5t mom5t ea*  

believ$ ! o!r to be a =midable rival to 
h] own hopes4  ,w9ny 0 n "o :o hesitat$ 
ab\t any matt] :i* %e felt to require   
imm$iate p]=mance2 & z %e knew t "s     
indef9ite "t might elapse be=e an       
opportunity c\ld occur to h h] *at out )
 ,kate ,mulvey1 %e 0 resolv$ to make "o4
  ,h] fa!r's h\se1 z ! read] has se5 9 !
 comm5cem5t1 0 n on ! roadside4 ,!re 0  
no g5]al pass t way2 & except p]sons _h 
bus9ess to old ,cavana's or ,mick       
,murdock's1 !y nev] w5t up ! lane1 :i* 0
 common to bo? ! h\ses ( ^! ri* f>m]s4  
,x 0 n s ) ! h\se :]e ,kate ,mulvey     
resid$4 ,its full front 0 to !          
high-road1 ) a space n m ?an ?ree p]*es 
betwe54 ,?is space _h be5 orig9ally :at 
is t]m$ 9 t rank ( life a bawn1 b 0 n[  
wisely conv]t$ into a cabbage-g>d51 ) a 
broad clean gravel-walk runn+ ?r\gh !   
c5tre ( ! plot1 f ! road to ! door4 ,x 0
 ab\t half a mile f ,cavana's1 & !re 0 a
 full view ( ! road1 = a long /ret*1 f !
 door or w9d[ ( ! h\se--t is1 (         
,mulvey's4  ,x 0 n[ a f9e mild day t[>d 

! end ( ,novemb]4 ,old ,mick ,murdock's 
p>ty _h ceas$ to be spok5 (1 & p]haps   
=gott51 except by ! few ) :om we h to d4
 ,w9ny ,cavana put on h] ev]yday bonnet 
& h] ev]yday cloak1 & />t$ = a walk4    
,bully-dhu cap]$ r\nd h] 9 an awkw>d    
playful mann]1 ) a deep-ton$ h[l ( joy  
:5 he saw ^! prep>ations1 & trott$ d[n !
 lane be=e h]4 ,z may be anticipat$1 %e 
b5t h] /eps d[n ! road t[>d ,mulvey's   
h\se4 ,%e knew %e c\ld be se5 com+ = "s 
di/ance1 & hop$ t ,kate might greet h] f
 ! door z %e pass$4 ,%e #ghf 0 n mi/ak52
 ,kate _h se5 h] f ! fir/ turn 9 ! road 
t[>d ! h\se1 & 0 all alive on h] own    
acc\nt4 ,%e _h tact & vanity en\gh1     
h[ev]1--= %e _h pl5ty ( "t be=e ,w9ny   
came alongside ( ! h\se1--to slip 9 &   
put on a dec5t g[n1 & bru% h] beautiful 
& abundant hair2 & %e came to ! door1 z 
if by m]e accid5t1 b look+ h] v be/1 z  
,w9ny approa*$4 ,kate knew t %e 0 look+ 
v h&some1 & ,w9ny ,cavana1 at ! v fir/  
glance1 felt ! same fact4  ,good morr[1 
,kate1 said ,w9ny2 t's a f9e day4  ,good

 morr[ k9dly1 ,w9ny2 won't y come 9 &   
sit d[n a:ile8  ,no1 ?ank y2 ! day is s 
f9e1 ,i'm out = a walk4 ,y may z well   
put on y\r bonnet1 & come along ) me2 x 
w d y good1 ,kitty4  ,) all my he>t2 /ep
 up to ! h\se1 & ,i'll be ready 9 two   
twos4 ,b %e 0 n s sure t x w\ld d h]    
good4  ,! girls !n turn$ up to ! h\se1 =
 ,kate _h run d[n 9 h] hair to %ake h&s 
) h] fri5d4 ,w9ny w\ld n g 91 b /ood at 
! door1 ord]+ ,bully-dhu n to gr[l at   
,capta91 & begg+ ( ,capta9 n to gr[l at 
,bully-dhu4 ,kate 0 sc>cely ! two twos  
%e gave h]self until %e came out ready =
 ! road2 & ! two fri5ds1 & ! two dogs1  
hav+ at once ent]$ into mo/ amicable    
relations ) ea* o!r1 w5t (f toge!r4     
,w9ny 0 resolv$ t no awkw>d pause on h] 
"p %\ld give ,kate reason to suppose !re
 0 any?+ unusual ^u h] m9d1 & w5t on at 
once1 z if f :]e %e _h left (f4  ,! day 
0 s f9e1 ,kate1 %e cont9u$1 t ,i 0      
anxi\s to get "s fre% air4 ,i h be5     
*urn+1 & pack+ butt]1 e day s9ce        
,monday1 & c\ld n get out4 ,biddy       

,murtagh is v clean & hone/1 b %e is v  
sl[1 & ,i c\ld n leave h]4  ,x is well =
 y1 ,w9ny1 t has ! butt] to pack4  ,yes1
 ,kate1 ,i suppose x w be well = me "s  
day or o!r2 b z long z my poor fa!r     
lives--,god betwe5 him & h>m6--,i don't 
feel ! want ( any?+4  ,god sp>e him to  
y1 ,w9ny mav\rne56 ,he's a f9e hale old 
man1 & ,i hope he'll live to be at !    
*ri/5+ ( _m a gr&*ild4 ,if report speaks
 ?rue1 ,w9ny de>1 t same is n unlikely  
to come r\nd4  ,report does n always    
speak ! tru?1 ,kate2 don't y "k t8  ,i  
d2 b ,i also "k t !re's seldom smoke )\t
 fire1 & t x sometimes makes a good hit4
 ,& sure1 no?9's m reasonable ?an t x's 
"r ?is "t4 ,tom's a f9e "y fell[2 an' l 
y\rself1 sure1 he's an only *ild4 ,!re  
wasn't su* a w$d9' ?is hundr$ ye>s--no1 
nor nev]--9 ! p>i% ( ,ra?ca%1 z x w     
be--come n[6  ,tom is a f9e "y man1     
,kate2 ,i don't d5y x--  ,y c\ldn't--y  
c\ldn't1 ,w9ny ,cavana6 y'd belie       
y\rsel' if y did1 said ,kate1 ) a little
 m w>m? ( mann] ?an 0 q politic "u !    

circum/ances4  ,b ,i don't1 ,kate2 & ,i 
c't see :y y ne$ fly at me 9 t way4  ,i 
beg y\r p>don1 ,w9ny de>2 b sure        
ev]ybody sees an' kn[s t y're on = "o   
ano!r2 an' :y n8--wasn't he z cross z a 
bag ( cats at 8 fa!r's p>ty because he  
let 't :elp' 7z he call$ him7 ,edw>d    
,l5non take y out = ! fir/ dance8       
,emon-a-knock is no :elp2 he c\ldn't    
call him a :elp4 ,did he call him "o8   
,didn't y he> him8 = if y didn't y      
might2 x wasn't b he spoke l\d en\gh4   
,x is well = him1 ,kate1 t ,emon did n  
he> him4 ,he's z good a man z ,tom      
,murdock at any rate4 #ghg ,he didn't   
fall ov] ! pok] & tongs z ,tom did4  ,t 
0 a m]e accid5t1 ,w9ny4 ,i se5 ! fung ( 
8 pump loose myself2 didn't ,i help to  
%ut x = him1 af!r he fell8  ,y 7 well   
employ$ inde$1 ,kate1 said ,w9ny        
sne]+ly4  ,y w\ld h done x y\rself if he
 ax$ y z he did me1 repli$ ,kate4       
,c]ta9ly n1 said ,w9ny4  ,s f> !y seem$ 
bo? to h ! wor/ ( x1 9 spite ( all _!   
caution4 ,:at !y want$ 0 to f9d out h[ !

 o!r's he>t /ood betwe5 ^! two "y m51   
)\t betray+ _! own--:i* latt] !y _h bo? 
ne>ly done4  ,!re 0 a pause1 & ,kate 0 !
 next to speak4  ,n b ,i mu/ admit t    
,emon-a-knock is a mild]1 bett] boy 9 "s
 respects ?an ,tom4 ,he has a nic] way )
 him1 ,w9ny1 & ,i ?9k x is easi] someh[ 
to l him ?an to l ,tom4  ,report says y 
d1 ,kate de>4  ,b y "k1 ,w9ny1 report   
does n always spake ?rue1 z y say       
y\rself4  ,ay1 b z y said j n[1 ,kate1 x
 sometimes makes a good hit4  ,well1    
,w9ny1 ,i wi% y joy at all ev5ts1 ) all 
my he>t4 ,bo? y\r fa!rs is anxi\s = y\r 
mat*2 an' sure1 :5 ! two f>ms is jo9$ 9 
"o1 ) y an' ,tom1 y c live l a lady4 ,i 
suppose y'll h\ld y\r head too high =   
poor ,kate an' ,emon-a-knock !n4  ,!re 0
 a sadness 9 ,kate's tone z %e said ?is1
 :i*1 f ignorance ( h[ matt]s really    
/ood1 0 p>tly g5u9e1 &1 f anxiety to f9d
 x out1 0 p>tly assum$4  ,b %e _h turn$ 
! key & ! door flew op54 ,w9ny c\ld f5ce
 ) h] feel+s no long]4  ,kate ,mulvey1  
%e exclaim$1 d n believe ! reports y he>

 ab\t me & ,tom ,murdock4 ,i'm aw>e (   
:at y say ab\t 8 fa!r & m9e be+ anxi\s  
to unite ! f>ms by our m>riage4 ,i don't
 want to say any?+ aga9/ ,tom ,murdock2 
b he'll nev] call me wife4 ,!re n[1     
,kate jewel1 y h ! tru?4 ,i'll be well  
en\gh (f1 ,kitty1 )\t ,tom ,murdock's   
money or l&2 & :5 ,i really don't c>e = 
him1 don't y ?9k x w\ld be mu* bett] &  
h&som] ( him to be/[ himself & x ^u "s  
nice girl )\t a p5ny 7& %e glanc$ slyly 
at ,kate1 ^: *eeks got rosy r$71 ?an to 
be /riv+ to =ce x ^u "o t doesn't want  
x--nor wi% = x8 ,& don't y ?9k x w\ld be
 mu* bett] & h&som] = me1 :o has a nice 
little fode51 & mu/ come 9 = my fa!r's  
l&1--,god betwe5 him & h>m6--to d !     
same1 if ,i c\ld meet ) a nice boy t    
really c>$ = myself1 & n = my money8    
,answ] me !m que/ions1 ,kate4  ,kate 0  
sil5t2 b h] eyes _h assum$ q a diff]5t  
expression1 if !y _h n altoge!r turn$   
almo/ a diff]5t color4 ,! weight (      
,w9ny's ri* rivalry _h be5 lift$ f h]   
he>t1 & s f> z t ob/acle _h be5 dread$1 

! coa/ 0 n[ cle>4 ,( c\rse %e secretly  
agre$ 9 ! propriety ( ,w9ny's views1 & x
 0 only necess>y t %e %\ld n[ d s op5ly4
  ,y didn't answ] me !m que/ions yet1   
,kate4  ,well ,i c\ld1 ,w9ny1 if ,i lik$
 x2 b ,i don't wi% to h act1 h&1 or "p 9
 sett+ y aga9/ y\r fa!r's wi%es4  ,y ne$
 n fe> t1 ,kitty2 my fa!r won't =ce me  
to d :at ,i really d n wi% to d4 ,he    
nev] put ! matt] to me pla9ly yet1 b ,i 
expect x e day4 ,he's always prais+ ,tom
 ,murdock1 & h9t+ at ! bus9ess1 by say+ 
he wi%es he c\ld see me com=tably       
settl$2 t he is gr[+ old & is n ! man he
 us$ to be2 & all t4 ,i "k v well1      
,kate1 :at he means1 bo? ways2 &1 ,god  
betwe5 him & h>m6 ,i say aga92 b he'll  
nev] see me ,tom ,murdock's wife4 #ghh  
,i h my answ] ready = !m bo?4  ,well1   
,w9ny1 z y seem det]m9$1 ,i suppose ,i  
may spake2 &1 to tell y ! tru?1 ,i      
always ?\ght x w\ld be a pity to put !m 
two f>ms into "o1 & s spoil two good    
e/abli%m5ts2 = sure any "o ( !m is      
la%+s1 ,w9ny1 = any dec5t boy & girl 9 !

 p>i%2 an' :at's m1 if !y 7 jo9$ toge!r 
tomorr[1 !re is n a g5tleman 9 ! c\nty  
w\ld ?9k a bit ! bett] ( !m t _h !m4    
,nev]1 ,kitty1 except x 0 "s poor       
brok5-d[n fell[ t want$ to borr[ a c\ple
 ( hundr$ p\nds1 & rob !m 9 ! end4 ,&   
n[1 ,kitty1 let u be pla9 & free ) "o   
ano!r4 ,my op9ion is t ,tom c\ld raise  
y--,i won't say out ( pov]ty1 ,kate2 =1 
?anks be to ,god1 x is n come to t ) y1 
& t x nev] may--b into com=t & pl5ty2 & 
t ,i c\ld1 "s day1 d ! same1 if ,i c\ld 
meet ) a nice boy t1 z ,i said1 w\ld c>e
 = myself & n = my money4 ,if ,tom took 
a lik+ to y1 ,kitty1 y might "k he 0 9  
e>ne/ = y\rself2 ,i "k he's only put up 
to 8 make-belief lik+ = me by 8 own fa!r
 & m9e4 ,b1 ,kitty de>1 ,i'm afraid1 l  
myself1 y h no fancy = him4  ,well1     
,w9ny1 to tell y ! tru?1 ,i always      
believ$ :at ! neighbors said ab\t y an' 
him2 an' ,i tri$ n to ?9k ( him = t same
 reason4 ,!re's no d\bt1 ,w9ny de>1 b x 
w\ld be a f9e mat* = me2 b ,i "k he's   
out an' out = y3 only = t1 ,w9ny1 ,i    

c\ld love e bone 9 8 body--!re n[6 y h x
 out4  ,he'll soon f9d 8 mi/ake1 ,kate  
de>1 ab\t me4 ,i'm sure ! ?+ w be br\ght
 to a po9t be=e long betwe5 u1 & betwe5 
my fa!r & me too4 ,:5 ,tom f9ds ,i'm    
positive1 he c't be bl9d to y\r m]its & 
beauty1 ,kitty--yes1 ,i w say x out1 y\r
 beauty6--y ne$n't be putt+ y\r h& to my
 m\? t way2 !re's no mi/ake ab\t x4     
,ah1 ,w9ny1 ,w9ny de>1 y're too l5i5t to
 me entirely2 sure ,i c\ldn't sit or /& 
beside y 9 t respect at all1 an' ) y\r  
money2 sure !y'll settle x all betwe5   
!mselves4  ,!y may settle :at !y l1     
,kitty2 b !y c't make me d :at ,i am    
det]m9$ n to d2 s z f> z t goes1 y h    
no?+ to fe>4  ,well1 ,w9ny de>1 ,i'm    
glad ,i "k ! tru?2 = n[ ,i won't be     
afe>d ( cross+ y1 at any rate2 & ,i "k  
ano!r t w\ldn't be sorry to "k z mu* z  
,i d4  ,:o1 ,kitty8 tell u4  ,ah1 !n n[1
 ,w9ny1 c't y guess8 or maybe x's :at y 
"k bett] ?an ,i d myself4  ,well1 ,i    
suppose y mean ,emon-a-knock2 = inde$1  
,kitty1 he's always on ! top ( y\r      

tongue1 & ! p>i% has x t y & he are     
promis$4 ,come n[1 ,kitty1 tell u !     
tru?4 ,i told y h[ !re 0 no tru? 9 !    
report ab\t me & ,tom ,murdock1 & h[ !re
 nev] c\ld be4  ,if ?is 0 n lead+ ,kate 
,mulvey to ! answ] mo/ dev\tly wi%$ =1  
,i d n "k :at ! mean+ ( ! latt] "p ( !  
s5t5ce c\ld be4 ,x 0 :at ! lawy]s w\ld  
call a lead+ "q4 ,! excitem5t too (     
,w9ny1 dur+ ! pause :i* ensu$1 %[$ v    
pla9ly ! object ) :i* %e spoke1 & !     
anxiety %e felt = ! result4  ,kate did n
 9 ! lea/ misund]/& h]4 ,p]haps %e knew 
m ( h] ?\ghts ?an ,w9ny 0 aw>e (1 & t x 
0 n !n %e f\nd !m out = ! fir/ "t2 =    
,kate 0 a %rewd obs]v]4 ,%e _h ga9$ h]  
own object1 & x 0 only fair %e %\ld n[  
p]mit ,w9ny to ga9 h]s4  ,ah1 ,w9ny de>1
 %e said1 aft] a contemplative pause1   
!re nev] 0 a ^w ( ! k9d betwe5 u4 #ghi  
,y "k1 ,w9ny1 9 ! fir/ place1 x w\ldn't 
d at all--two empty sacks c\ld nev] /&2 
& 9 ! next place1 nei!r 8 he>t 0 on me1 
nor m9e on him4 ,x 0 all idle talk ( !  
neighbors4 ,n b ,emon is a nice boy z   

!re is to be f\nd 9 ?is or any o!r p>i%1
 & y "k t1 ,w9ny2 don't y1 n[8  ,kitty  
de>1 !re's nobody c d5y :at y say1 & = t
 self-same reason ,i believ$ :at !      
neighbors said reg>d+ y & him4  ,tell me
 ?is n[1 ,w9ny1--y "k we 7 re>$1 ,i may 
say1 at ! door ) "o ano!r1 & h be5 fa/  
fri5ds s9ce we 7 t height 7& %e held h] 
h& )9 ab\t two feet ( ! gr\nd1 at ! same
 "t look+ fully & v k9dly into h]       
fri5d's face71-- tell me n[1 ,w9ny de>1 
did x fret y to believe :at y he>d8     
,come n[4  ,= y\r sake1 & = 81 ,kitty1 x
 c\ld n fret me2 b = my own sake--!re   
n[1 don't ask me4  ,no1 av\rne51 ,i     
won't2 :at ne$ h ,i1 ,w9ny1 :5 ,i see !m
 *eeks ( y\rs1--or is x ! sun t cum     
sudd5ly out ^u y1 ,w9ny a/hore8  ,kate  
,mulvey1 ,i'll tell y ! tru?1 z ,i      
believe y h told x to me4 ,= _m a long  
day ,i'm /riv+ to keep myself f lik+ t  
boy on y\r acc\nt4 ,i ?9k1 ,kate1 if ,i 
hadn't a p5ny-piece 9 ! _w no m ?an     
y\rself1 ,i w\ld h done my v be/ to take
 him f y2 x w\ld h be5 a fair fight !n1 

,kitty2 b ,i didn't l to use any odds   
aga9/ y1 ,kitty de>2 & ,i nev] gave him 
s mu* z "o ^w to g ^u4  ,i'm v ?ankful  
to y1 ,w9ny de>2 an' signs on ! boy1 he 
?\ght y 7 = a high mat* ) ri* ,tom      
,murdock2 an' any private *at ,emon an' 
,i ev] _h 0 ab\t t same ?+4  ,!n he has 
spok5 to y ab\t me6 ,o ,kitty1 de>      
,kitty1 :at us$ he to be say+ ( me8 d   
tell me4  ,! nev] a ^w ,i'll tell y1    
,w9ny de>4 ,let him spake to y\rself2   
:i* maybe he'll d :5 he f9ds y give ,tom
 ! g-by2 b ,i'm book-sworn2 s don't ask 
me4  ,well1 ,kitty1 ,i'm glad ,i happ5$ 
to come across y ?is morn+2 = n[ we     
und]/& ea* o!r1 & !re's no fe> ( our    
int]rupt+ "o ano!r 9 our ?\ghts any m4  
,none1 ?ank ,god1 said ,kitty4  ,by ?is 
"t ! girls _h w&]$ along ! road to ne>ly
 a mile f home4 ,!y _h bo? ga9$ _!      
object1 ?\gh n 9 ! r\ndab\t s\nd+ mann] 
:i* we _h anticipat$1 & !y 7 n[ bo?     
happy4 ,!y 7 no long] ev5 ! imag9>y     
rivals :i* x appe>s 0 all !y _h ev] be52
 & z ?is light broke ^u !m ! ende>+     

epi!ts ( de> & jewel became m frequ5t & 
emphatic ?an 0 usual 9 a conv]sation ( !
 same l5g?4  ,_! mutual confid5ces1 z !y
 retrac$ _! /eps1 7 imp>t$ to ! fulle/  
ext5t4 ,!y n[ p]fectly und]/ood ea* o!r1
 z ,w9ny _h said2 & to _! cordial       
%ake-h&s at ! turn up to ,kate ,mulvey's
 h\se 0 add$ an affectionate kiss1 z    
good z if !y swore nev] to int]f]e ) ea*
 o!r 9 love-affairs4    ,,*apt] ,,xi4   
,w9ny ,cavana1 z f> z h] own feel+s &   
belief 7 conc]n$1 _h n made a bad       
morn+'s "w ( x4 ,hi!rto %e _h suppos$ t 
,kate ,mulvey _h =e/all$ h] 9 !         
affections ( ,emon-a-knock4 ,! neighbors
 _h giv5 !m to ea* o!r1 & %e fe>$ t     
,emon 0 n free f ! p[] ( h] *>ms4 ,) ^! 
d\bts1 or almo/ ) ?is belief1 ^u h] m9d1
 %e c\ld n h met h] fa!r's #gij         
importunities ab\t ,tom ,murdock ) !    
same c>eless & happy det]m9ation :i*    
matt]s1 z !y n[ /ood1 w\ld enable h] to 
d4 ,be+ assur$1 f h] conv]sation )      
,kate1 t !re 0 no?+ betwe5 h] & ,emon1  
%e c\ld riddle m easily "s circum/ances 

& expressions :i*1 to say ! lea/ ( x1 7 
puzzl+1 ) a belief t ^! two p]sons 7    
mutually atta*$4 ,w9ny knew n[ h[ to    
reconcile !m2 & ! view %e took ( !m 0   
any?+ b favorable to h] fa!r's wi%es or 
,tom ,murdock's hopes4  ,%e c\ld n hope1
 h[ev]1--p]haps %e did n wi%1--= any    
int]view ) ,emon j !n1 :5 h] *ange (    
mann]1 emanat+ f h] k ( facts1 might    
draw him out1 = h] he>t n[ told h] t ?is
 w\ld surely come4 ,%e _h "s fe>s t h]  
fa!r might s\nd h] ab\t ,emon1 & %e wi%$
 to be able to say ) a cle> consci5ce t 
he _h nev] spok51 or ev5 h9t$ at !      
subject1 to h]2 b %e 0 det]m9$1         
nev]!less1 to act t[>d h] fa!r1 &       
subsequ5tly t[>d ,tom ,murdock1 z if h] 
tro? & ,emon's _h be5 already           
irrevocably plight$4 ,%e 0 9 hopes t if 
%e _h an int]view ) h] fa!r ^u ! subject
 ( ,tom ,murdock 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 !    
unalt]able dislike :i* %e w\ld exhibit  
to ! mat* might save h] ! horrible      
necessity ( go+ ?r\gh ! bus9ess ) ! man 
himself4 ,b poor ,w9ny _h settl$ matt]s 

9 h] own m9d 9 an ord] 9 :i* !y did n   
occur2 & x s happ5$ t1 al?\gh %e ?\ght  
h] he>t _h gone ?r\gh en\gh excitem5t = 
"o day1 & t %e w\ld1 = ! re/ ( t ev5+1  
hide b5ea? ! happ9ess :i* 0 creep+ ov]  
h]1 yet %e 0 mi/ak54  ,tom ,murdock _h  
se5 h] pass d[n ! road2 & ha/ily putt+  
on "o ( 8 be/ coats & 8 v be/ hat1 he   
foll[$ h]1 det]m9$ to h good news 9     
return = 8 fa!r's advice2 b he 0        
disappo9t$4 ,be=e he c\ld ov]take h]1 he
 p]ceiv$ t %e _h be5 jo9$ by ,kate      
,mulvey1 & t !y w5t co%]+ away toge!r4  
,( c\rse he saw t x 0 no g1 z he said1 =
 t "t2 b he w\ld wat* h] return+1 :5 he 
c\ld n fail to meet h] alone4  ,hang me1
 said he1 z he saw !m walk+ away1 if ,i 
don't ?9k ,kate ,mulvey is ! f9e/ girl (
 ! two1 & v ne>ly z h&some z ev] %e     
0--"s p say h&som]4 ,if x 0 n = h]      
money1 & t gr& f>m %e'll h1 ,i'd let h] 
see h[ soon ,i c\ld get a girl 9 e o!r  
respect z good1 if n bett]1 ?an %e is4  
,look at ! two ( !m3 ^u my fai?1 ,i ?9k 
,kate is ! lighte/ /epp] ( ! two4  ,tom 

paus$ = a few mom5ts1 if n 9 8 ?\ghts1  
at lea/ 9 ! expression ( !m2 = all !    
above _h be5 utt]$ al\d4 ,!n1 z if !y _h
 receiv$ a sudd5 spur :i* made him />t1 
he mutt]$ ) 8 usual sc[l1 ,no1 no2 ,i'll
 foll[ x up to ! dea? if necess>y4 ,t   
:elp %all nev] h x to say t ,tom        
,murdock fail$1 & p]haps add1 :]e he did
 n4 ,i'll h h]1 by fair means if ,i c2 b
 if n1 by !m five crosses1 & he clasp$ 8
 h&s toge!r1 %e %all be m9e by f\l4     
,sure x is n possible !y are go+ to meet
 t :elp ?is bless$ mom5t6 ,& he dogg$ !m
 at s long a di/ance beh9d t1 ev5 if _! 
conv]sation _h be5 less int]e/+1 !y w\ld
 n h be5 aw>e ( 8 /eal?y espionage4  ,:5
 !y turn$ to return1 he turn$ also1 & 0 
!n s f> be=e !m t1 ) ! bu%es & ! b5ds 9 
! road1 he c\ld n be p]ceiv$4 ,?us he   
wat*$ & wat*$1 until1 to 8 great        
satisfaction1 he saw !m "p company at   
,kate's h\se4 ,w9ny ,cavana1 z we h se51
 _h /ill "s di/ance to walk ere %e rea*$
 ! lane turn+ up to h] fa!r's2 & ,kate  
hav+ gone 9 & %ut ! #gia door1 ,tom     

/roll$ on1 z if by m]e accid5t1 until he
 met ,w9ny on ! road4  ,tom 0 det]m9$ to
 be z mild & z bl&1 z cordial &         
good-natur$1 z possible4 ,he felt !re _h
 always be5 a sort ( undef9$ snappi%    
battle betwe5 him & ,w9ny2 & he _h !    
hone/y ( m9d1 z well z ! vanity1 to     
blame 8 own h>% & abrupt mann] = ?is4   
,p]haps x arose no less f a consci\sness
 ( 8 p]sonal advantages ?an f a belief t
 9 8 position z an only son1 & heir to 8
 fa!r's int]e/ 9 a ri* & pr(itable f>m1 
he _h no great ne$ ( ^? bl&i%m5ts (     
expression s g5]ally requisite 9 mak+   
way to a "y & unhackney$ he>t4 ,he      
resolv$1 !re=e1 ^u ?is occasion to give 
,w9ny no cause to accuse him ( unc\?ness
 ( mann]2 nei!r 0 he incl9$ to be unc\? 
:5 he beheld ! gl[+ beauty ( h] face1   
height5$1 z he ?\ght1 solely by !       
ex]cise ( h] walk2 b n a little         
increas$1 )\t 8 k ( ! fact1 by ! new    
light :i* _h j dawn$ ^u ! horizon ( h]  
hopes4  ,h] he>t b\nc$ 9 h] bosom z %e  
saw him approa*4  ,good morn+1 ,w9ny1 he

 said1 hold+ out 8 h&4  ,good morr[     
k9dly1 ,tom1 %e repli$1 wi%+ to be      
civil1 & tak+ x4 ,%e knew %e 0 9 = x1 z 
%e express$ x to h]self2 b enc\rag$ by !
 hope )9 h] spr++1 & s(t5$ by !         
anticipation ( its fulfilm5t1 %e 0      
det]m9$ to be k9d b firm4  ,h y be5     
walk+ f>1 ,w9ny8 ,^u my life1 x seems to
 agree ) y4 ,x has improv$ y\r beauty1  
,w9ny1 if t 0 possible4  ,tom1 don't    
flatt] me2 y're always pay+ me          
complim5ts1 & ,i (t5 told y t ,i did n l
 x4 ,beside1 y did n let me answ] y\r "q
 until y beg9 at y\r old "w4 ,i walk$   
ab\t a mile ( ! road ) ,kate ,mulvey4   
,kate ,mulvey is a complete nice girl4  
,y are n tir$1 ,w9ny1 are y8  ,ah1 !n1  
:at w\ld tire me8 is x a mile ( a walk1 
& ! road "u my feet8 ,i c\ld walk to    
,boh]-na-,mil?iogue & back ?is m9ute4   
,by ?is "t !y _h come to ! end ( ! lane 
turn+ up to ,ra?ca% ,h\se4  ,i'm glad to
 f9d y are n tir$1 ,w9ny4 ,y may z well 
come on t[>d ! cross2 ,i h some?+ to say
 to y4  ,& welcome1 ,tom2 :at is x8     

,w9ny felt t ! ?+ 0 com+1 & %e wi%$ to  
appe> z c>eless & unconsci\s z possible4
 ,:5 %e recollect$ all ,kate ,mulvey _h 
said to h]1 %e 0 j 9 ! humor to h x ov]4
 ,^u reflection1 too1 %e 0 n sorry t x  
%\ld s happ5 be=e ! gr& passage betwe5  
h] & h] fa!r ^u ! same subject4 ,%e c\ld
 ! m easily dispose ( ! case ) him1 hav+
 already dispos$ ( x ) ,tom himself4 ,%e
 !re=e w5t on1 pa/ ! end ( h] own lane2 
& ,tom1 tak+ ?is = an unequivocal tok5 9
 8 favor1 0 beg9n+ to get really fond ( 
h]--at lea/ he ?\ght s4  ,well1 ,w9ny1  
,i'm v glad ,i happ5$ to meet y1 & t y  
seem incl9$ to take a walk ) me2 = to   
tell y ! tru?1 ,w9ny1 ,i c't help ?9k+ (
 y4  ,p]haps y don't try1 ,tom4  ,true =
 y1 ,w9ny de>2 ,i w\ldn't help ?9k+ ( y 
if ,i c\ld1 & ,i c\ldn't if ,i w\ld4    
,is t ! way ) y1 ,tom8  ,b ,w9ny did n  
smile or look at him1 z he _h hop$ %e   
w\ld h done4  ,y "k x is1 ,w9ny de>2 b  
,i c keep ! tru?1 9 pla9 ,engli%1 f y no
 long]4  ,see t n[6 ,ah1 !n1 ,tom1 ,i   
pity y4  ,& ,tom c\ld n tell f h] mann]1

 or f ! tone ( h] voice1 :e!r %e 0 9    
e>ne/ or #gib only jok+4 ,he pref]r$ !  
=m]4  ,well1 ,w9ny ,cavana1 if y knew h[
 mu* ,i love y1 y w\ld surely take pity 
on me1 my own colle5 dhass4  ,fai?1     
,tom1 ,i believe x's 9 e>ne/ y are1 sure
 en\gh4  ,9 e>ne/6 ,yes1 ,w9ny1 by !    
bright sky ov] me--& x is n bright] ?an 
y\r own eyes--,i am 9 e>ne/6 ,x is a    
long day n[ s9ce ,i fir/ took to lov+ y1
 ?\gh x 0 only ( late y might h pick$ x 
out ( my looks4 ,ah1 ,w9ny de>1 if y    
hadn't a p5ny-piece b y\rself1 ,i w\ld h
 spok5 to y long ago4 ,b !re 0 a great  
deal ( talk among ! neighbors ab\t !    
jo9+ ( !m two f>ms toge!r1 & ,i 0 afraid
 y might ?9k--  ,i und]/&4 ,y 7 afraid  
,i might ?9k x 0 my money & ! f>m y 7   
aft]1 & n myself4 ,0 n t x1 ,tom8  ,j s1
 ,w9ny4 ,b ,i am inde$ 9 e>ne/1 & =     
y\rself alone1 ,w9ny de>2 & ,i'm will+  
to prove my words by mak+ y my wife1 &  
mi/ress ( all ,i h com+ ,%raftide1 ,god 
will+4 ,& he took h] by ! h&4  ,%e )drew
 x at once1 aft] a slight /ruggle1 &    

repli$1 ,tom ,murdock1 put su* a ?+     
totally out ( y\r head1 = x c nev]      
be--nev]1 by ! same oa? y swore j n[1 & 
t is ! blue heav5 above me6 ,& %e turn$ 
back t[>d ! lane4  ,i cross1 ,w9ny4     
,don't say t4 ,i "k t y\r fa!r & m9e    
w\ld bo? be will+ = ! mat*4 ,z to :at   
y\r fa!r w\ld d = y1 ,w9ny mav\rne51 ,i 
don't c>e a b\ghalawn lui2 = ,i'm ri*   
en\gh )\t a cross ( 8 money or 8 l&4 ,my
 own fa!r w make ov] to me by lawful    
de$1 ! day y become my wife1 8 h\se &   
furniture1 toge!r ) ! :ole ( 8 l& &     
cattle4 ,y\r fa!r1 ,i "k1 ,w9ny1 w\ld d 
! same = y1 = he has b y\rself belong+  
to him2 & al?\gh y\r =tune or y\r l& has
 no?+ to say to my love1 yet1 ,w9ny1    
de>1 betwe5 u1 if y w cons5t to my      
pray]1 = x is no?+ less1 !re's few      
gr&ees 9 ! c\ntry c\ld comp>e to        
y1--,i'll say no?+ = myself1 ,w9ny de>1 
only say ! ^w4  ,no1 ,tom1 ,i'll say no 
^w b :at ,i'm aft] say+2 & y are only   
mak+ matt]s worse1 talk+ ( gr&eur &     
ri*es t way4 ,y w\ld only be /riv+ at   

:at y w\ld n be able =1 nor all[$ to    
keep up1 ,tom1 & z = myself1 ,i'd look  
well1 w\ldn't ,i8 /uck up on a new      
sidec>1 & a drawn bonnet & fea!rs1 com+ 
d[n ! lane ( a ,sunday1 & ! neighbors   
?rong+ to mass1--ap+ my bett]s1 & gett+ 
myself & y\rself laugh$ at4 ,devil a "o1
 ,tom1 b !y'd call y ,"l                
,boh]-na-,mil?iogue4 ,no1 ,tom2 put x   
out ( y\r head2 t is my fir/ & la/ ^w to
 y4 ,& %e ha/5$ h] /ep4  ,no1 ,w9ny1 y  
won't leave me t way1 w y8 ,by all !    
books t 7 ev] %ut & op5$1 y may make :at
 y please ( me4 ,i'll nev] ask to put   
y\rself or myself a p9's-po9t beyond :at
 we always 71 ei!r 9 gr&eur or any?+    
else4 ,b w\ldn't x be a f9e ?+1 ,w9ny   
de>1 to h our *ildr5 able to hold up _! 
heads ) ! be/ 9 ! c\nty1 9 a mann]8     
,ay1 9 a mann]1 inde$4 ,no1 ,tom2 !y    
w\ld nev] be any?+ b ! ,murdocks (      
,ra?ca%more--gr&*ildr5 ( ould ,mick     
,murdock & ould ,n$ ,cavana1 ! common   
f>m]s4  ,& :at h y to say aga9/ old     
,mick ,murdock8 exclaim$ ,tom1 beg9n+ to

 feel t 8 suit 0 hopeless1 & flam+ up   
inw>dly 9 ! _s :i* 0 mo/ natural to him4
  ,no?+ inde$1 ,tom2 y ne$ n be s angry1
 ,i meant no (f5ce2 ,i said z mu* aga9/ 
my own fa!r z aga9/ y\rs1 if !re 0 any?+
 aga9/ ei!r4 ,b we mu/ soon #gic "p n[1 
,tom1 & let u "p fri5ds at all ev5ts1   
liv+ z we d )9 a /one's-?r[ ( ea* o!r4  
,%e held out h] h&1 b he took x coldly &
 loosely4 ,he felt t 8 game 0 up4  ,take
 my advice1 ,tom ,murdock--?is 0 !      
second "t %e _h f\nd x necess>y to      
ov]come h] antipa?y to pron\nce !       
"n--take my advice1 & nev] speak to me  
aga9 ^u ! subject4 ,sure1 !re's _m a f9e
 h&some girl w\ld be glad to li/5 to y2 
& ,i'll n[ ask y "o "q be=e we "p4      
,w\ldn't x be bett] & fitt] = y to be/[ 
y\rself & y\r l& ^u "s h&some "y girl :o
 has no?+ ( h] own1 & 01 maybe1 well    
incl9$ = y1 & to rise h] up to be       
indep5d5t1 ?an to be /riv+ to =ce       
y\rself & x ^u !m t doesn't want y\r l&1
 & _c c>e = y\rself8 ,:y don't y look   
ab\t y8 ,!re's _m a girl 9 ! p>i% z     

h&some1 & h&som]1 ?an ,i am1 t w\ld j   
jump at y4  ,w9ny _h no soon] utt]$ ^!  
latt] words ?an %e regrett$ !m4 ,%e did 
n wi% ,tom ,murdock to "k t %e _h       
ov]he>d him4 ,%e 0 glad h[ev] to p]ceive
 t1 9 8 ang]1 he _h n recogniz$ !m z a  
quotation f 8 conv]sation ) 8 fa!r at ! 
gate4  ,!re 0 a sil5ce n[ = a m9ute or  
two4 ,tom's blood 0 'up2 8 hopes (      
success 7 ov]1 & he 0 det]m9$ to speak 8
 m9d 9 an opposite direction4  ,h ,i set
 y ?9k+1 ,tom8 said ,w9ny1 half timidly4
  ,i'm d--d b y h1 ,w9ny ,cavana2 &     
,i'll answ] y\r "q ) "o mu* l x4 ,& w\ld
 n x be bett] & fitt] = y--( c\rse x    
w\ld--to be/[ y\rself & y\r =tune & y\r 
l& ^u "s h&some "y fell[ t has no?+ b 8 
day's wages1 & 0 well incl9$ = y1 & to  
rise him up out ( pov]ty1 ?an to spoil a
 good *ance = a fri5d by jo9+ y\rs to !m
 t has en\gh )\t x8 ,:y didn't y foll[  
up y\r fir/ "q ) t1 ,w9ny ,cavana8 ,& he
 /opp$ %ort1 enjoy+ ! evid5t confusion  
he _h caus$4  ,w9ny ?\ght1 too1 = a few 
mom5ts 9 sil5ce4 ,%e 0 consid]+ !       

probability ( ,tom ,murdock's hav+      
ov]he>d h] conv]sation ) ,kate ,mulvey f
 beh9d "s h$ge4 ,b ! result ( h]        
calculations 0 t x 0 impossible4  ,%e 0 
"r4 ,x 0 a m]e p>aphrase ( h] own "q to 
him1 & only %[s h[ two clev] p may hit  
^u ! same idea1 & express x 9 ne>ly !   
same language4 ,& ! "q 0 prompt$ by 8   
suspicions 9 ! qu>t] already intimat$4  
,yes1 ,i see h[ x is1 he exclaim$1      
break+ ! sil5ce1 & giv+ way to 8        
ungov]nable temp]4 ,b1 by ! hatr$ ,i be>
 to t :elp1 t %all nev] be1 at all      
ev5ts4 ,i'll g to y\r fa!r ?is mom5t1 & 
let him "k :at's go+ on--  ,& :o d y d>e
 to call 'a :elp1' ,tom ,murdock8 ,if x 
be ,edw>d ,l5non1 let me tell y t 8     
little f+] is wor? y\r :ole head &      
he>t--body & bones toge!r4  ,!re1       
!re--%e ackn[l$ges x4 ,b ,i'll put a    
spoke 9 t :elp's :eel1--= x 0 him ,i    
call$ a :elp1 s9ce y mu/ "k1--see if ,i 
don't2 s let him look out1 t's all4  ,i 
h ackn[l$g$ no?+1 ,tom ,murdock4 ,a ^w  
beyond common civility nev] pass$ betwe5

 ,edw>d ,l5non & myself2 & take c>e h[ y
 v5ture to int]f]e betwe5 my fa!r & me4 
,y h got y\r answ]1 & ,i h sworn to x4  
,y h no "r to int]f]e fur!r4  ,by ?is "t
 !y _h rea*$ ! end ( ! lane aga92 &     
,w9ny1 ) h] he>t on fire1 & h] face 9 a 
flame1 hurri$ to ! h\se4 ,=tunately1 h] 
fa!r _h n return$ #gid f ! fields1 &    
ru%+ to h] own room1 %e lock$ ! door1   
took (f h] bonnet & cloak1 & ?rew h]self
 7,i believe t is ! prop] expression7 ^u
 ! b$4 ,p]haps a s5sation noveli/ w\ld  
add t %e bur/ into an agony ( te>s4     
,,*apt] ,,xii4  ,w9ny lay = ne>ly an h\r
 m$itat+ ^u ! pa/1 ! pres5t1 & ! future4
 ,^u ! :ole %e did n regret :at _h      
occurr$1 ei!r be=e or aft] %e _h met    
,tom ,murdock1 & %e cool$ d[n into h]   
accu/om$ self-possession soon] ?an %e _h
 suppos$ possible4  ,"o gr& object _h   
be5 atta9$4 ,tom ,murdock _h come to !  
po9t1 & %e _h giv5 him 8 f9al &         
irrevocable answ]1 if %e _h tw5ty fa!rs 
?und]+ p>5tal au?ority 9 h] e>s4 ,a spot
 ( blue sky _h appe>$ too 9 ! ea/1 above

 ! outl9e ( ,%anvilla m\nta91 9 :i* !   
morn+-/> ( h] "y life might soon arise1 
& %9e brightly ?r\gh ! flimsy cl\ds--or 
%e c\ld call !m no?+ b flimsy--n[ :i* _h
 hi!rto d>k5$ h] hopes4 ,:at if ,tom    
,murdock 0 a villa98--& %e believ$ he 03
 :at d>$ he--:at c\ld he d8 ,p%aw1 no?+6
 ,b1 oh t ! passage-(-arms betwe5 h]self
 & h] fa!r 0 ov]6 ,!n1 ?\ght %e1 all    
might be pla9 sail+ be=e me4  ,b1 ,w9ny1
 suppos+ all ^! matt]s fairly ov]1--& ! 
battle ) y\r fa!r is likely to be z     
cranky & t\gh ^u 8 "p z x is c]ta9 to be
 /raight=w>d & det]m9$ ^u y\rs1--!re w  
/ill be a d\btful blank ^u y\r m9d & 9  
y\r he>t1 & "o ! solution ( :i* y _c1   
ev5 ) ,kate ,mulvey's assi/ance1 seek an
 occasion to fill up4 ,ah1 no1 y mu/    
tru/ to *ance = "t & opportunity = t mo/
 important ( all y\r int]views4 ,& :at  
if y be mi/ak5 aft] all1 &1 if mi/ak51  
cru%$ = ev] by ! result8  ,let ,w9ny    
alone = t4 ,wom5 seldom make a bad guess
 9 su* a case4  ,w9ny's m5tal & n]v\s   
sy/em hav+ bo? rega9$ _! ord9>y degree (

 composure1 %e left h] room1 & proce$$  
?r\gh ! h\se ^u h] usual occupations4   
,%e 0 n1 h[ev]1 q free f a c]ta9 degree 
( anxiety at ! anticipat$ int]view ) h] 
fa!r4 ,he _h n 9 any way intimat$ 8     
int5tion to ask c]ta9 que/ions t\*+ any 
communication %e might h receiv$ f ,tom 
,murdock1 toge!r ) h] answ]s !reto2 &   
yet %e felt c]ta9 t on ! fir/ favorable 
occasion he w\ld ask ! que/ions1 )\t any
 notice :atev]4 ,%e _h subsid$ = ! day1 
aft] a v excit+ morn+ ^u two v diff]5t  
subjects4 ,yes2 %e call$ !m diff]5t1    
?\gh !y 7 pretty mu* ak92 & %e w\ld n[  
pref] a cessation ( h] anxiety = !      
rema9d] ( t aft]noon at lea/4  ,s f> %e 
0 =tunate4 ,h] fa!r did n come 9 until x
 0 v late2 & be+ mu* fatigu$ by 8       
/ew>d%ip ( ! day1 he did n appe> incl9$ 
to ent] ^u any important subject1 b fell
 asleep 9 8 arm-*air aft] a ha/y &      
7,w9ny obs]v$7 sc>cely-t\*$ d9n]4  ,w9ny
 0 an affectionate good *ild4 ,%e 0     
devot$ly fond ( h] fa!r1 ) ^: image 7   
associat$ all h] ?\ghts ( happ9ess &    

love s9ce %e 0 able to clasp 8 knees &  
clamb] to 8 lap4 ,ev5 yet no absolute   
allegiance ( a decid$ nature claim$ !   
disloyalty ( h] he>t2 b %e felt t ! "t 0
 n f> di/ant :5 ei!r he mu/ abdicate 8  
royalty1 or %e mu/ rebel4  #gie  ,x is  
cle>ly my duty n[1 %e said to h]self1 n 
to delay ?is bus9ess ab\t ,tom1 ^u !    
*ance ( 8 be+ ! fir/ to speak ( x3      
to-morr[1 be=e ! c>es & labors ( ! day  
occupy 8 m9d1 & p]haps make him ev] s   
little a bit cross1 ,i w tell him :at   
has happ5$4 ,i am afraid he w be v angry
 ) me = refus+ t man2 b x _c be help$3 n
 = all ! gold !y bo? possess w\ld ,i    
m>ry ,tom ,murdock4 ,i %all n betray 8  
sordid villany1 h[ev]1 until all o!r    
res\rces fail2 b ,i "k my fa!r w scorn !
 fell[ z ,i d :5 he kn[s ! :ole tru?--b 
ah1 ,i h no witness1 ?\ght %e1 & !y w   
make a li> ( me4  ,if ! old man c\ld h  
ev] p]ceiv$ any diff]5ce 9 ! k9d &      
affectionate att5tion s uni=mly be/[$ ^u
 him by 8 fond daught]1 p]haps x might h
 be5 ^u t night aft] he awoke f a r     

l5g!n$ nap 9 8 easy *air4  ,w9ny _h sat 
dur+ ! :ole "t gaz+ ^u ! lov$ features (
 ! sleep+ old man4 ,%e c\ld n call to   
m9d1 f ! day ^u :i* h] memory fir/      
became consci\s1 a s+le unk9d or ev5 a  
h>% ^w :i* he _h utt]$ to h]4 ,t he c\ld
 be m ?an h>% to o!rs %e knew1 & %e 0 n[
 9 h] n9ete5? ye>2 fifte5 cle> ye>s1 %e 
might say1 ( unbrok5 memory4 ,%e c\ld   
rememb] h] fif? bir?day q well1 & s mu* 
z a snappi% ^w or a comm&+ look %e _h   
nev] receiv$ f him2 n1 ,god kn[s1 b he  
_h good reason1 _m's ! "t1 = m ?an ei!r4
 ,& !re he lay n[1 calm1 & fa/ asleep1 !
 only "o belong+ to h] on ! wide e>?1 & 
%e m$itat+ an opposition 9 h] he>t to 8 
plans respect+ h]--all1 %e knew1 aris+ f
 ! great love he _h = h]1 & ! fru/ration
 ( :i*1 %e 0 aw>e1 w\ld vex him sore4   
,oh1 ,tom ,murdock1 ,tom ,murdock1 :y   
are y ,tom ,murdock8 or ,emon-a-knock1  
:y did ,i ev] see y8 0 ! conclusion to  
?is tra9 ( ?\ght1 z %e sat /ill1 gaz+ on
 h] sleep+ fa!r4  ,!n a happi] tra9     
succe$$1 & a fond smile lit up h] h&some

 face4 ,ah no1 no6 ,i am ! only be+     
belong+ to him1 ! only "o he loves4 ,!  
fa!r :o = ne>ly tw5ty ye>s nev] spoke an
 unk9d ^w--& if he _h reason to reprove 
me did s by example & reque/1 & n !     
rod--has only to "k t a m>riage ) ,tom  
,murdock w\ld make me mis]able to make  
him spurn him1 z ,i did myself4 ,z to ! 
o!r boy1 ,i "k no?+ = c]ta9 myself ab\t 
him1 & ,i c fairly d5y any accusation he
 may make2 & ,i am c]ta9 he has be5 put 
up to x by old ,murdock ?r\gh 8 son4    
,yet ev5 on ?is score ,i'll d5y z little
 z ,i c4  ,"h x 0 h] fa!r awak5$2 &     
,w9ny _h only "t to conclude h] ?\ghts  
by wond]+ h[ t fell[ d>e call ,emon a   
:elp4  ,well1 fa!r de>1 %e said1 y h _h 
a nice nap2 y mu/ h be5 v tir$4 ,i wi%  
,i 0 a man1 t ,i might help y on ! f>m4 
,w9ny d>l9'1 ,i w\ldn't h y any?+ b :at 
y are = ! _w4 ,i h n mu* to d at all on 
! f>m b to poke ab\t1 & see t ! m5 ,i h 
at "w don't rob me by idl+2 & ,i mu/ say
 ,i nev] saw hone/] "w ?an :at !y leave 
aft] !m4 ,b1 ,w9ny1 ,i came across old  

,murdock %ortly aft] ,i w5t out1 & he   
came ov] my l& ) me1 & ,i w5t ov] 8 )   
him1 s t we _h r a long walk4 ,i'll     
engage he's z tir$ z :at ,i am4 ,i did n
 ?9k 8 f>m 0 s ext5sive z x is1 or t !  
l& 0 s good1 or 9 su* to-au-op          
caun-di-%on4 ,& poor old ,n$ yawn$ &    
/ret*$ himself4  ,w9ny saw ?r\gh ! :ole 
?+ at once4 ,! matt] ( a m>riage betwe5 
h]self & ,tom ,murdock1 & a union ( !   
f>ms1 _h d\btless be5 discuss$ betwe5 h]
 fa!r & old ,mick ,murdock1 & a f9al    
arrangem5t1 s f> z !y 7 conc]n$1 _h be5 
arriv$ at4 ,a hit* ^u h] "p %e 0 c]ta9  
nei!r #gif ( !m _h ev] dreamt (2 & yet  
hit* 0 a slight ^w to express !         
opposition %e 0 det]m9$ to give to _!   
wi%es4  ,%e knew t if h] fa!r _h got s  
f> z :]e he _h be5 int]rupt$ by ! yawn  
:5 he 0 fre% aft] breakfa/1 ! :ole ?+   
w\ld h come out4 ,%e 01 h[ev]1 a        
consid]ate girl2 & al?\gh %e knew !re 0 
at t mom5t a good op5+1 :]e a ^w w\ld h 
br\ght ! matt] on1 %e knew t ! result   
w\ld h completely driv5 re/ & sleep f ! 

poor old man's pill[ = ! night1 tir$ &  
fatigu$ z he 04 ,%e !re=e adroitly *ang$
 ! conv]sation to 8 own com=ts 9 a cup (
 tea be=e he w5t to b$4  ,yes1 mav\rne5 
he said1 ,i fell asleep be=e ,i mix$ a  
tumbl] ( pun*1 & ,i'll take ! tea n[    
in/ead2 =1 ,w9ny1 my love1 y c jo9 me at
 t4 ,d y "k1 ,w9ny1 ,i'm v ?ir/y8       
,well1 fa!r de>1 ,i'll soon give y :at w
 refre% y4  ,:ile ,w9ny 0 busy+ h]self =
 ! tea1 putt+ d[n a huge kettle ( wat] 9
 ! kit*51 & rattl+ ! cups & sauc]s until
 y'd ?9k %e 0 try+ to break !m1 ! old   
man wak5$ up into a tra9 ( ?\ght n      
altoge!r dissimil> to t :i* ,w9ny h]self
 _h indulg$ 9 ov] 8 sleep+ =m4  ,w9ny 0 
q "r4 ,! :ole matt] _h be5 discuss$ on t
 day betwe5 ! old m5 dur+ _!            
p]ambulations r\nd ! two f>ms2 !        
respective value & condition ( ! l& =m+ 
a m9ute calculation n unconnect$ ) ! o!r
 portion ( _! disc\rse--settlem5ts1 de$s
 ( conveyance1 etc41 etc41 _h all be5   
t\*$ ^u4  ,w9ny 0 "r 9 ano!r ( h]       
surmises1 al?\gh at ! "t %e sc>cely     

believ$ s h]self4 ,old ,murdock1 tak+ 8 
cue f ,tom1 told old ,n$ t if he f\nd   
,w9ny at all av]se to m>ry+ ,tom1 he 0  
c]ta9 "y ,l5non w\ld be at ! bottom (   
x--at lea/ ,tom _h m ?an h9t$ su* to    
him4  ,old ,n$ 0 furi\s at ?is1 decl>+ t
 if ,tom ,murdock 0 nev] to ! =e1 8     
daught] %\ld nev] be/[ 8 long & h>d     
e>n+s ^u a paup] l t1 look+ = a day's   
wages "h & !re1 & z (t5 )\t x z ) x2 h[ 
d>e ! likes ( him lift 8 eyes to 8      
little girl6 ,b he'd soon put a /op to  
t1 if !re 0 any?+ 9 x1 let :at w\ld turn
 up4 ,e p5ny-piece he 0 wor? 9 ! _w 0 9 
8 own p[]1 & !re 0 a v easy way ( br++  
,miss ,w9ny to h] s5ses1 if %e _h t wild
 notion 9 h] head4  ,poor old ,n$1 9 8  
indignation = :at he ?\ght ,w9ny's      
welf>e1 =got t %e 0 ! only be+ belong+  
to him 9 ! _w1 & t :5 x came to ! po9t  
he w\ld f9d x impossible to put ?is     
?reat ( cutt+ h] (f into execution4     
,old ,murdock 0 delight$ ) ?is tirade   
aga9/ "y ,l5non1 :om he look$ ^u z !    
only real ob/acle to ,tom's acquisition 

( l& & money1 to say no?+ ( a h&some    
wife4  ,be /uddy ) h]1 ,n$1 said he1 %e 
has a v floo/h]9' way wid h] :]e y're   
conc]n$2 ,i (t5 rem>k$ x4 ,don't let h] 
come r\nd y1 ,n$1 wid h] pillav]9' ab\t 
t ':elp1' z ,tom calls him4  ,an' he    
calls him q "r4 ,if he da>s to look up  
to my little girl1 he'll soon f9d out 8 
mi/ake1 ,i c tell him4  ,no?9' w\ld %[  
him 8 mi/ake s mu* z to h ,tom's bus9ess
 an' h]s settl$ at ,%raft1 ,n$4  ,i "k  
t1 ,mick2 an' ) ! bless+ ,i'll spake to 
h] 9 ! morn9' ^u ! subjict4 ,i dunna did
 ,tom ev] spake to h]self1 ,mick8  ,if  
he didn't he w a=e to-morr[ night2 he's 
on ! wat* to meet ) h] by accid5t2 he   
says x's bet!r nor to g /raight up to   
h]1 an' maybe fright5 h]4  ,v well1     
,mick2 ,i'll h an eye to !m2 maybe x    
w\ld be bet!r #gig let ,tom himself     
spake fir/4 ,^! girls are s dam' pr\d2  
an' ,i c tell y x is bet!r n vex ,w9ny4 
,( c\rse ^! two old m5 said a great deal
 m2 b ! above is ! pi? ( :at set old ,n$
 ,cavana ?9k+ ! great] "p ( ! night2 = !

 tea ,w9ny made 0 v /rong1 &1 z he said1
 he 0 ?ir/y1 hav+ miss$ 8 tumbl] ( pun* 
aft] d9n]4 ,he fell asleep1 h[ev]1 mu*  
soon] ?an he w\ld h done _h ! sequel to 
8 plans become kn[n to him be=e he w5t  
to b$4    ,,to ,,be ,,cont9u$4  ------  
,f ,! ,book ( ,days4  ,,"y',s ,,n>cissa4
   ,! ,?ird ,night ( ,"y's ,compla9t is 
entitl$ ,n>cissa1 f its be+ d$icat$ to !
 sad hi/ory ( ! e>ly dea? ( a beautiful 
lady1 ?us poetically designat$ by !     
au?or4 ,:atev] d\bts may exi/ ) respect 
to ! reality or p]sonal id5tity ( ! o!r 
*>act]s notic$ 9 ! ,night ,?\ghts1 !re c
 be none :atev] z reg>ds ,n>cissa4 ,%e 0
 ! daught] ( ,"y's wife1 by h] fir/     
husb&1 ,colonel ,lee4 ,:5 sc>cely       
sev5te5 ye>s ( age %e 0 m>ri$ to ,mr4   
,h5ry ,temple1 son ( ! !n ,"l ,palm]/on4
 ,footnote #aeh ,soon aft]w>d1 be+      
attack$ by consumption1 %e 0 tak5 by ,"y
 to ! s\? ( ,france 9 hopes ( a *ange = 
! bett]2 b %e di$ !re ab\t a ye> aft] h]
 m>riage1 & ,dr4 ,johnson tells u1 9 8  
,lives ( ! ,poets1 t h] fun]al 0 att5d$ 

) ! difficulties pa9t$ 9 su* animat$    
colors 9 ,night ! ,?ird4 ,"y's words 9  
relation to ! burial ( ,n>cissa1        
elim9at+1 = brevity's sake1 "s extrane\s
 & r$undant l9es1 are z foll[s3         
,footnote #aeh3 ,by a second wife1      
gr&fa!r ( ! pres5t   ,premi]4    ,:ile  
nature melt$1 sup]/ition rav$2   ,t     
m\rn$ ! dead2 & ?is d5i$ a grave4   ,=  
oh6 ! cur/ ungodl9ess ( zeal6   ,:ile   
s9ful fle% ret>d$1 _s nurs$   ,9 bl9d   
infallibility's embrace1   ,d5i$ ! *>ity
 ( du/ to spread   ,o'er du/6 a *>ity _!
 dogs enjoy4   ,:at c\ld ,i d8 :at      
succor8 :at res\rce8   ,) pi\s sacrilege
 a grave ,i /ole2   ,) impi\s piety t   
grave ,i wrong$2   ,%ort 9 my duty3 c[>d
 9 my grief6   ,m l h] murd]] ?an fri5d1
 ,i crept   ,) s(t susp5d$ /ep1 & muffl$
 deep   ,9 midnight d>kness1 :isp]$ my  
la/ sigh4   ,i :isp]$ :at %\ld e*o ?r\gh
 _! realms1   ,nor writ h] "n ^: tomb   
%\ld pi]ce ! skies4  ,all ,"y's         
biograph]s h told ! same /ory f ,johnson
 d[n to ! la/ edition ( ! ,night        

,?\ghts1 edit$ by ,mr4 ,gilfillan1 :o1  
speak+ ( ,n>cissa1 says h] rema9s 7     
brutally d5i$ sepulture z ! du/ ( a     
,prote/ant4 ,le ,t\rneure translat$ !   
,night ,?\ghts into ,fr5* 9 #aggj1 &1   
/range to say1 ! "w soon became exce$+ly
 popul> 9 ,france1 m s probably ?an ev] 
x has be5 9 ,engl&4 ,naturally en\gh1   
!n1 curiosity became excit$ z to :]e !  
un=tunate ,n>cissa 0 buri$1 & x 0 soon  
discov]$ t %e _h be5 int]r$ 9 ! ,botanic
 ,g>d5 ( ,montpelli]4 ,an old gate-keep]
 ( ! g>d51 nam$ ,m]ci]1 confess$ t _m   
ye>s previ\sly he _h assi/$ to bury an  
,engli% lady 9 a holl[1 wa/e spot ( !   
g>d54 ,z he told ! /ory1 an ,engli%     
cl]gyman came to him & begg$ t he w\ld  
bury a lady2 b he refus$1 until !       
,engli%man1 ) te>s 9 8 eyes1 said t %e 0
 8 only daught]2 on he>+ ?is1 he 7!     
gate-keep]71 be+ a fa!r himself1        
cons5t$4 ,accord+ly ! ,engli%man br\ght 
! dead #gih body on 8 %\ld]s1 8 eyes    
ra9+ te>s1 to ! g>d5 at midnight1 & he  
!re & !n buri$ ! corpse4 ,ab\t ! "t ?is 

confession 0 made1 ,pr(essor ,g\an1 an  
em95t botani/1 0 writ+ a "w on ! plants 
9 ! g>d51 into :i* he introduc$ ! above 
/ory1 ?us giv+ x a sort ( sci5tific     
au?ority2 & consequ5tly ! grave (       
,n>cissa became "o ( ! treasures ( !    
g>d51 & "o ( ! lead+ lions (            
,montpelli]4 ,a writ] 9 ! ,evangelical  
,magaz9e ( #agig gives an acc\nt ( a    
visit to ! g>d51 & a conv]sation ) "o   
,bannal1 :o _h succe$$ ,m]ci] 9 8 (fice1
 & :o _h (t5 he>d ! sad /ory ( ! burial 
( ,n>cissa f ,m]ci]'s lips4             
,subsequ5tly1 ,talma1 ! trag$ian1 0 s   
pr(\ndly impress$ ) ! /ory t he comm5c$ 
a subscription to erect a magnific5t    
tomb to ! memory ( ,n>cissa2 b z ! days 
( bigotry 9 matt]s ( sepulture _h ne>ly 
pass$ away1 x 0 ?\ght bett] to erect a  
simple monum5t1 inscrib$1 z we le>n f   
,murray's ,h&book1 ) ! words3           
,plac&is ,n>cissae manibus1  ! ,h&book  
add+1 ,%e 0 buri$ "h at a "t :5 !       
atroci\s laws :i* accompani$ !          
,revocation ( ,nantes1 back$ by !       

sup]/ition ( a fanatic populace1 d5i$   
,*ri/ian burial to ,prote/ants4  ,/range
 to say1 ?is /rik+ /ory is almo/ :olly  
devoid ( tru?4 ,n>cissa nev] 0 at       
,montpelli]4 ,t %e di$ at ,lyons we "k f
 ,mr4 ,h]b]t ,cr(ts's acc\nt ( ,"y1     
publi%$ by ,dr4 ,johnson2 t %e 0 buri$  
!re we "k by h] burial regi/ry & h]     
tomb/one1 bo? ( :i* are yet 9 exi/5ce4  
,& by ^! we also le>n t ,"y's animat$   
acc\nt ( h] fun]al 9 ! ,night ,?\ghts is
 simply untrue4 ,%e 0 n d5i$ a grave3   
,d5i$ ! *>ity ( du/ to spread   ,o'er   
du/1  nor did he /eal a grave1 z he     
ass]ts1 b b\ght & paid = x4  ,h] "n 0 n 
unwrit1 z h] tomb/one /ill te/ifies4 ,! 
c5tral squ>e ( ! ,hotel de ,dieu at     
,lyons 0 long us$ z a burial place =    
,prote/ants2 b ! alt]ation 9 ! laws at !
 "t ( ! great ,revolution do+ away ) !  
necessity ( hav+ sep>ate burial places =
 diff]5t religions1 ! c5tral g>d5 0     
conv]t$ into a m$ical g>d5 = ! use ( !  
hospital4 ,! ,prote/ants ( ,lyons be+ ( 
! poor] class1 !re 7 few memorials to   

move :5 ! anci5t bury+ place 0 made into
 a g>d54 ,! pr9cipal "o1 h[ev]1 consi/+ 
( a l>ge slab ( black m>ble1 0 set up   
aga9/ a wall1 close beside an old       
,spani% mulb]ry-tree4 ,ab\t tw5ty ye>s  
ago ! increas+ gr[? ( ?is tree          
necessitat$ ! removal ( ! slab1 :5 x 0  
f\nd t ! side :i* _h be5 plac$ aga9/ !  
wall conta9$ a ,lat9 inscription to !   
memory ( ,n>cissa4 ,! inscription1 :i*  
is too long to be quot$ "h1 leaves no   
d\bt ^u ! matt]4 ,x m5tions ! names ( h]
 fa!r & "m1 h] connection ) ! noble     
family ( ,li*field1 h] desc5t f ,*>les  
,,ii41 & concludes by /at+ t %e di$ on !
 #h? ( ,oct41 #agcf1 ag$ #ah ye>s4 ,on  
discov]+ ?is inscription ,m4 ,ozanam1 ! 
director ( ! ,hotel de ,dieu1 se>*$ !   
regi/ry ( ! ,prote/ant burial1 /ill     
pres]v$ 9 ! ,hotel de ,ville at ,lyons1 
& f\nd an entry1 ( :i* ! foll[+ is a    
correct translation3 ,madam ,lee1       
daught] ( ,col4 ,lee1 ag$ ab\t eighte5  
ye>s1 wife ( ,h5ry ,temple1 ,engli% by  
bir?1 0 buri$ at ! ,hotel de ,dieu at   

,lyons1 9 ! cemet]y ( p]sons ( ! ,re=m$ 
religion ( ! ,swiss nation1 ! #ab? (    
,oct41 #agcf1 at elev5 o'clock at night1
 by ord] ( ! ,prevot ( m]*ants4 ,receiv$
 #gbi livres #ab sols4 ,sign$1 ,p>a1    
prie/ & treasur]4 ,f ?is docum5t1 !     
au!nticity ( :i* is indisputable1 we    
le>n ! utt] untru?fulness ( ,"y's       
recital4 ,true1 ,n>cissa 0 buri$ at     
night1 & mo/ probably #gii )\t any      
religi\s s]vice1 & a consid]able sum    
*>g$ = ! privilege ( int]m5t1 b %e 0 n  
d5i$ ! *>ity _! dogs enjoy4 ,calculat+  
accord+ to ! av]age rate ( ex*ange at ! 
p]iod1 #gbi livres w\ld am\nt to        
?irty-five p\nds /]l+4 ,0 x ?is sum t   
excit$ a poetical imag9ation s /rong z  
to ov]/ep ! b\nds ( v]acity8 ,we c\ld   
grant ! excuse ( poetical lic5se _h n   
,"y decl>$ 9 8 preface t ! poem 0 real1 
n fictiti\s4 ,! subject is n a pleas+   
"o1 & we ne$ n c>ry x any fur!r2 b may  
conclude1 9 ! words ( ,mr4 ,cecil1 :o1  
allud+ to ,"y's r5unciation ( ! _w 9 8  
writ+s :5 he 0 eag]ly hunt+ = *ur*      

pref]m5t1 says3 ,"y is1 ( all o!r m51 "o
 ( ! mo/ /rik+ examples ( ! sad disunion
 ( piety f tru?4  ----  ,f ,! ,dubl9    
,review4  ,,madame ,,de ,,ma9t5on4      
,madame de ,ma9t5on et sa ,famille4     
,lettres et ,docum5ts in$its4 ,p>       
,,honore ,,bonhomme4 ,p>is3 ,didi]4     
#ahfc4   ,hi/oire de ,madame de         
,ma9t5on1 et des pr9cipaux ,ev5em5ts du 
,regne de ,l\is ,,xiv4 ,p> ,m4 le ,,duc 
,,de ,,noailles1 de l',academie         
,francaise4 ,tomes #d4 ,p>is3 ,comon4   
#ahdi-aheh4   ,! ,life ( ,madame de     
,ma9t5on4 ,translat$ f ! ,fr5*4 ,london3
 ,locky] ,davis4 #aggb4   ,! ,secret    
,correspond5ce ( ,madame de ,ma9t5on ) !
 ,pr9cess des ,urs9s1 f ! orig9al       
manuscripts 9 ! possession ( ! ,duke (  
,*oiseul4 ,translat$ f ! ,fr5*4 #c vols4
 ,london3 ,:ittak]4 #ahbg4   ,memorial  
de ,sa9t-,cyr4 ,p>is3 ,fulg5ce4 #ahdf4  
,female *>act]s h1 = good or ill1 play$ 
a l>g] "p on ! /age ( ,fr5* hi/ory ?an (
 ,engli%4 ,we h no names :i* correspond 
9 ext5sive influ5ce to ^? ( ,mesdames de

 ,sevigne1 de ,ma9t5on1 de ,g5lis1 &    
,recami]2 :ile ! extraord9>y p[]1 bo?   
political & social1 ex]cis$ by royal    
mi/resses 9 ,france1 f9ds no p>allel 9  
,engl&1 ev5 9 ! wor/ days ( c\rtly      
pr(ligacy4 ,nor is x easy to say to :at 
cause ?is diff]5ce betwe5 ! two c\ntries
 is to be ascrib$4 ,x may be t public   
op9ion has be5 br\ght to be> m fully on 
individual action "h ?an 9 ,france1 &   
acts z a m p[]ful re/ra9t2 & x may be   
also t extreme prom95ce 9 society is    
repugnant to ! m mode/ & retir+ habits (
 ,engli%wom54 ,!re is no lady 9 our     
annals :o has occupi$ a position simil> 
to t ( ,madame de ,ma9t5on 9 relation to
 royalty except ,mrs4 ,fitzh]b]t2 b %e1 
?\gh highly di/+ui%$ = h] virtues1 0    
altoge!r want+ 9 ^? intellectual        
end[m5ts :i* adorn$ t gift$ woman :o won
 ! e/eem & fix$ ! affections ( ,l\is    
,,xiv4 ,_m circum/ances comb9$ to make  
h] ! mo/ /rik+ example ( female asc5d5cy
 9 ,france2 & ! object ( ?is pap] w be  
to trace ! causes :i* l$ to x1 z well z 

to h] be+1 to ?is day1 an object (      
nev]-fail+ int]e/ to ! ,fr5* p4 ,l all  
great wom51 %e has _h _m virul5t        
detractors & _m ard5t eulogi/s2 b we    
%all endeavor to avoid ! #hjj extremes (
 bo?1 m especially z ,m4 ,bonhomme is ( 
op9ion t h] biography has /ill to be    
writt54 ,if !re 7 no high] consid]ation1
 self-respect alone w\ld dem& scrupul\s 
imp>tiality 9 a hi/orical inquiry2 & we 
are ! less tempt$ to dep>t f ?is rule 9 
! pres5t in/ance because we are conv9c$ 
t 9 ,madame de ,ma9t5on's hi/ory !re is 
ample scope = ! mo/ *ivalr\s v9dication 
( h] fame1 & t1 z "t goes on1 & !       
mat]ials relative to h] contempor>ies   
are collat$1 h] app>5t defects w less5 9
 importance1 & h] "* /& out 9 fair]     
proportions & cle>] light4 ,x ne$s only 
to comp>e rec5t memoirs ( h] ) ! jejune 
attempts ( ! la/ c5tury1 to p]ceive h[  
mu* h] cause ga9s f full] & clos]       
inve/igation4 ,! ,due de ,noailles has  
r5d]$ good s]vice to ! lit]ature ( 8    
c\ntry by 8 volum9\s hi/ory ( ?is lady1 

conduct$ z x is on ! s\nd & admirable   
pr9ciple ( mak+ ! subject ( ! biography 
speak = h]self4 ,!re is no hi/orical    
p]sonage ab\t :om m untru?s h be5       
circulat$2 &1 aft] all t has be5 said & 
writt51 ! only way to "k h] is to read  
h] correspond5ce4  ,"l ,macaulay speaks 
( ,fran*ise de ,ma9t5on 9 t]ms s po9t$1 
t !y well des]ve to be quot$ at !       
outset3  ,x w\ld be h>d to "n any woman 
:o1 ) s little romance 9 h] temp]1 has  
_h s mu* 9 h] life4 ,h] e>ly ye>s _h be5
 pass$ 9 pov]ty & obscurity4 ,h] fir/   
husb& _h support$ himself by writ+      
burlesques1 f>ces1 & poems4 ,:5 %e      
attract$ ! notice ( h] sov]eign1 %e c\ld
 no long] boa/ ( y\? or beauty2 b %e    
possess$ 9 an extraord9>y degree ^? m   
la/+ *>ms1 :i* m5 ( s5se1 ^: passions   
age has tam$1 & ^: life is a life (     
bus9ess & c>e1 prize mo/ highly 9 a     
female companion4 ,h] "* 0 su* z has    
well be5 comp>$ to t s(t gre5 on :i* !  
eye1 we>i$ by w>m t9ts & gl>+ lights1   
reposes ) pleasure4 ,a j und]/&+2 an    

inexhau/ible yet nev] r$undant fl[ (    
rational1 g5tle1 & sprightly            
conv]sation2 a temp] ( :i* ! s]5ity 0   
nev] = a mom5t ruffl$2 a tact :i*       
surpass$ ! tact ( h] sex z mu* z ! tact 
( h] sex surpasses ! tact ( ours2 su* 7 
! qualities :i* made ! wid[ ( a buffoon 
fir/ ! confid5tial fri5d1 & !n ! sp\se1 
( ! pr\de/ & mo/ p[]ful ( ,european k+s4
 ,x 0 said t ,l\is _h be5 ) difficulty  
prev5t$ by ! argum5ts & vehem5t         
entreaties ( ,l\vois f decl>+ h] ,que5 (
 ,france4 ,footnote #aei    ,footnote   
#aei3 ,hi/ory ( ,engl&1 *ap1 xi41 #afhi4
  ,! romance ( h] life began ) h] bir?1 
:i* took place on ! #bg? ( ,novemb]1    
#afce1  ,footnote #afj 9 ! prison (     
,niort1 :]e h] fa!r 0 conf9$4 ,8 life _h
 be5 full ( adv5ture & crime1 & he 0    
unwor?y ( ! fai?ful & affectionate wife 
:o %>$ 8 imprisonm5t4 ,he *ang$ 8       
religi\s pr(ession sev]al times1 b at ! 
mom5t ( ,frances' bir? he call$ himself 
,prote/ant4 ,! *ild accord+ly 0 baptiz$ 
9 ! ,calv9i/ *ur* ( ,niort1 ?\gh h] "m 0

 a ,ca?olic1 & 0 plac$ "u ! *>ge ( h]   
aunt1 ,madame de ,vilette1 at ,murcay1  
ab\t a league f ! prison4 ,! prison]1   
,con/ant d',aubigne1 0 at l5g? releas$1 
& be+ dis9h]it$ by 8 fa!r = 8 ill       
conduct1 emb>k$ a second "t = ,am]ica   
ab\t ! ye> #afdc1  ,footnote #afa tak+ )
 him 8 wife & *ildr54 ,little ,frances  
suff]$ s mu* f ! voyage t at "o "t %e 0 
?\ght to be dead1 & a sailor held h] 9 8
 arms1 ready to s9k h] 9 a wat]y grave4 
,on ne revi5t pas z ! ,bi%op ( ,metz    
said long aft] #hja to ,madame de       
,ma9t5on1 de si lo9 p\r p5 de *ose4     
,footnote #afb    ,footnote #afj3       
,bonhomme1 p4 #bce4    ,footnote #afa3  
,ibid41 p4 #bcj4     ,footnote #afb3 ,"o
 does n return f s f> b = a great       
object4  ,not)/&+ h] fa!r's evil        
example1 !re 0 en\gh 9 ,frances         
d',aubigne's ance/ral remembrances to h 
dazzl$ h] imag9ation 9 aft] life4 ,h]   
aunt1 :o _h be5 h] e>lie/ in/ructress1 0
 a zeal\s ,prote/ant2 & h] gr&fa!r1     
,agrippa d',aubigne1 z a soldi]1 a      

hi/orian1 & a satirical poet1 0 "o ( !  
fir/ m5 ( 8 day4 ,he _h s]v$ ,h5ry ,,iv4
 9 v>i\s capacities1 & 0 us$ to address 
8 royal ma/] s freely z to reproa* him =
 8 *ange ( religion4 ,"o day1 :5 ! k+ 0 
%[+ a c\rti] 8 lip pi]c$ by an assass9's
 knife1 d',aubigne said1 ,sire1 y h z   
yet r5\nc$ ,god only ) y\r lips1 & he   
has pi]c$ !m2 if y r5\nce him 9 he>t1 he
 w pi]ce y\r he>t also4  ,frances' fa!r 
di$ 9 ,m>t9ique1 hav+ lo/ all he _h ga9$
 by gambl+4 ,madame d',aubigne !re=e    
return$ to ,france1 & devot$ h]self to !
 education ( h] *ild4 ,%e made h]       
famili> ) ,plut>*'s ,lives1 & ex]cis$ h]
 9 composition4 ,%e w\ld gladly h kept !
 task ( in/ruction to h]self1 b pov]ty  
con/ra9$ h] at la/ to resign ,frances ) 
_m fe>s into ! h&s ( h] aunt1 ,madame de
 ,vilette4 ,! effect ( ?is transf] 0 h] 
becom+ imbu$ ) ,calv9i/ t5ets2 & :51    
?r\gh ! int]f]5ce ( ! gov]nm5t1         
,footnote #afc %e 0 remov$ f ,madame de 
,vilette's c>e1 & made ov] to a ,ca?olic
 relative1 %e prov$ v refractory1 &     

p]si/$ 9 turn+ h] back to ! alt> dur+   
mass4 ,v>i\s means ( p]suasion 7 tri$ 9 
va92 & x 0 n till ! ,ursul9e si/]s 9    
,p>is took h] 9 h& t h] scruples vani%$1
 & %e cons5t$ to abjure h] errors & to  
believe any?+ except t h] aunt ,vilette 
w\ld be damn$4 ,9 aft]-life %e us$ (t5  
to say t h] "m & sev]al ( ! nuns _h be5 
v injudici\s & sev]e ) h]1 & t1 b = !   
k9dness & good s5se ( "o lady 9 !       
conv5t1 %e %\ld probably nev] h embrac$ 
! ,ca?olic fai?4    ,footnote #afc3 ,duc
 de ,noailles1 tome ,i41 p4 #gg4  ,only 
a few ye>s pass$ be=e %e _h to *oose    
betwe5 a conv5tual life & a di/a/eful   
m>riage4 ,h] "m 0 dead1 & ! beautiful   
,indian1 z %e 0 call$1 0 left almo/ )\t 
res\rces4 ,%e _h become acqua9t$ ) !    
comic poet ,sc>ron1 & (t5 visit$ him4   
,he 0 five-&-tw5ty ye>s old] ?an h]self1
 & hide\sly de=m$4 ,a s+ul> p>alysis1   
caus$ by quack m$ic9es1 _h depriv$ him (
 ! use ( 8 limbs1 8 h&s & m\? only be+  
left free4 ,8 satirical pieces _h be5 v 
popul>1 &1 ?\gh fix$ to 8 *air1 he      

receiv$ a great deal ( company1 & jok$  
incessantly4 ,he 0 mu* /ruck by ,frances
 d',aubigne1 & appreciat$ h] tal5ts ! m 
highly because m5tal culture 0 rapidly  
advanc+1 & ! conv]sation 9 draw+-rooms  
began to be rational4 ,8 (f] ( m>riage 0
 accept$ by h]1 = %e pref]r$1 z %e said1
 m>ry+ him to m>ry+ a conv5t4 ,9 ! summ]
 ( #afeb %e became 8 bride4 ,su* a union
 des]v$ a place 9 "o ( 8 own f>ces1 &   
gave little promise ( happ9ess or       
virtue4 ,b ! consequ5ces 7 f> diff]5t f 
:at might h be5 expect$4 ,a *ange = !   
bett] _h tak5 place 9 public morals1 &  
,madame ,sc>ron _h no soon] a h\se ( h] 
own ?an %e took a prom95t "p 9 !        
movem5t4 ,%e c>efully t5d$ h] helpless  
sp\se2 bru%$ ! flies f 8 nose :5 he c\ld
 n use 8 f+]s1 & adm9i/]$ to him !      
opiate draught )\t :i* he c\ld n sleep4 
,%e receiv$ 8 gue/s ) a dignity beyond  
h] ye>s1 & h] conduct 0 regulat$ on a   
plan ( g5]al res]ve4 ,no "o d>$ address 
h] 9 words ( d\ble signification2 & "o (
 ! "y m5 ( fa%ion :o frequ5t$ ! h\se    

decl>$ t he #hjb w\ld soon] ?9k ( v5tur+
 on any famili>ity ) ! que5 ?an )       
,madame ,sc>ron4 ,p saw t %e 0 9 e>ne/4 
,dur+ ,l5t1 %e w\ld eat a h]r+ at ! l[] 
end ( ! table1 & retire be=e ! re/4 ,s  
"y & attractive1 9 a capital ( brilliant
 dissipation1 & ) su* a husb& z ,sc>ron1
 h] example c\ld n b h an effect4       
,mean:ile %e cultivat$ h] m9d1 & le>n$  
,italian1 ,spani%1 & ,lat94 ,%e knew n  
:at might be requir$ ( h]1 = ,sc>ron's  
=tune 0 dw9dl+ away1 & he _h be5        
compell$ to resign ! preb5d ( ,mans4 ,he
 0 a lay-ecclesia/ic1 &1 l _m lit]>y m5 
( t day1 bore ! title ( abbe4 ,pov]ty   
aga9 />$ h] 9 ! face1 & ! s]vant :o     
wait$ at table _h (t5 to :isp]1 ,madame1
 no roa/ aga9 to-day6 ,devot$ to h]     
husb&'s sick *amb]1 %e avoid$ society   
abroad1 & wrote1 only two ye>s aft] h]  
m>riage1 lett]s :i* might h come f an   
ag$ sa9t on ! br9k ( et]nity4 ,all bel[ 
is vanity1 %e said1 & vexation ( _s4    
,?r[ y\rself into ! arms ( ,god2 "o     
we>ies ( all b him1 :o nev] we>ies ( ^? 

:o love him4  ,h] enemies h /rongly     
conte/$ h] virtue at ?is p]iod1 &       
appeal$ to h] intimacy ) ,n9on de       
,l5clos 9 pro( ( _! allegations4 ,?is   
mod]n ,leontium c]ta9ly frequ5t$        
,sc>ron's draw+-room & also 7su* 7 !    
dissolute mann]s ( ! age7 t ( mo/ o!r   
celebrities 9 ,p>is4 ,b ! unhappy woman 
h]self has left beh9d h] an             
unque/ionable te/imony to ,madame       
,sc>ron's purity4 ,9 h] y\?1 %e says1 %e
 0 virtu\s ?r\gh weakness ( m9d3 ,i tri$
 to cure h] ( x1 b %e fe>$ ,god too mu*4
 ,%e _h1 ( c\rse1 _m admir]s1 & %e mu/  
ne$s h gone out ( ! _w n to h !m4 ,b to 
be admir$ & c\rt$ is "o ?+1 to yield &  
s9 mortally is ano!r4 ,x might be wi%$ t
 ,madame ,sc>ron's "n _h nev] be5 mix$  
up ) t ( ,n9on1 to :om virtue 0         
faibleese d'esprit b ! fre$om ( h]      
conduct mu/ n be tri$ too sev]ely by !  
/rict] laws ( propriety :i* prevail     
among u n[4 ,%e nev] =got ,n9on1        
correspond$ ) h] at times1 aid$ h] :5 %e
 0 9 di/ress1 & 0 consol$ by h] dy+ l a 

,*ri/ian at ! age ( #ij4  ,footnote #afd
  ,%e :o _h boa/$ t ,epicurus 0 h] model
 gave ! clos+ ye>s ( h] life to ,god4   
,footnote #afe    ,footnote #afd3 ,9    
#agje4    ,footnote #afe3 ,duc de       
,noailles1 tome i41 p4 #bjf4  ,madame   
,sc>ron's resi/ance to ! importunities (
 ,vill>ceaux 0 well kn[n1 & is ?us      
allud$ to by ,bois-,rob]t 9 v]ses       
address$ to ! m>quis himself3           
,footnote #aff    ,si c'e/ cette r>e    
beaute   ,qui tieut ton esprit en*a9e1  
,m>quis1 j'ai raison de te pla9dre2     
,c> son humeur e/ =t a cra9dre3   ,elle 
a presque autant de fi]te   ,qu'elle a  
de grace et de beaute4    ,footnote     
#aff3 ,m>quis1 if x is ?is r>e beauty :o
 holds y 9   *a9s1 ,i h reason to pity  
y2 = %e z ( a temp] mu* to be   fe>$4   
,%e has almo/ z mu* pride z %e has grace
 & beauty4  ,b ^? :o foll[ ! c\rse (    
,madame de ,ma9t5on's int]ior life "k   
p]fectly well h[ to int]pret :at        
,bois-,rob]t call$ haught9ess1 & ,n9on  
weakness ( m9d4 ,x is a matt] ( no small

 importance to rescue su* *>act]s f !   
f\l grasp ( calumny4 ,gilles ,boileau 0 
! only "o ( h] contempor>ies :ile %e 0  
"y :o d>$ to ?r[ out any suspicion aga9/
 h] honor1 b ?is he did evid5tly to     
av5ge himself on ,sc>ron1 aga9/ :om he  
_h a mortal pique4  ,a new era 0 dawn+  
on ,france4 ,ri*elieu & ,maz>9 _h by _! 
policy prep>$ ! triumphs ( mon>*y2      
,tur5ne & ,conde _h display$ _! g5ius 9 
w>2 ! great m9i/]s & capta9s wait$ = !  
mom5t :5 _! ma/] %\ld call !m to 8      
s]vice2 & arts & lett]s 7 ready to      
embelli% all ) _! ri* color+4 ,l\is     
,,xiv4 really m\nt$ ! ?rone 9 #affj1 & !
 glory & greatness ( ,france rose #hjc )
 him4 ,pascal1 ,moli]e1 ,la ,fonta9e1 & 
,boileau publi%$ _! works almo/ at !    
same "t4 ,rac9e pres5t$ to ! k+ !       
fir/-fruits ( 8 ma/] m9d1 & ! voice (   
,bossuet _h already be5 he>d f ! pulpit4
 ,sc>ron =esaw ! brilliancy ( ! epo*1 b 
he saw also t 8 own end 0 nigh4 ,i %all 
h1 he said1 no cause = regret 9 dy+1    
except t ,i h no =tune to leave my wife1

 :o des]ves m ?an ,i c tell1 & = :om ,i 
h e reason 9 ! _w to be ?ankful4        
,humor\s to ! la/1 he made a je/ ( 8    
suff]+s1 &1 :5 seiz$ ) viol5t hicc\gh1  
said if he c\ld only get ov] x1 he w\ld 
write a good satire ^u x4 ,he di$       
p]fectly himself1 & 0 n ev5 = a mom5t   
untrue to 8 "*4 ,a few seconds be=e 8   
end1 see+ ^? ar\nd him 9 te>s1 he said1 
,y weep1 my *ildr52 ah6 ,i %all nev]    
make y cry z mu* z ,i h made y laugh4   
,he _h b "o s]i\s int]val to give to    
dea?--t 9 :i* ,madame ,sc>ron caus$ him 
to fulfil 8 religi\s duties4 ,he _h     
always be5 a ,*ri/ian1 & nei!r 9 8      
writ+s nor 9 8 conv]sation _h all[$     
any?+ prejudicial to religion to escape 
him4 ,a *apla9 came e ,sunday to say    
mass at 8 h\se4 ,i leave y no =tune1 he 
said to 8 wife :5 dy+1 & virtue w br+   
none3 nev]!less be always virtu\s4 ,!   
po9t ( ?is admonition mu/ be ga!r$ f !  
corruption ( ! times4 ,h] "m's la/ words
 also _h sunk deep into ,frances'       
memory1 = %e _h w>n$ h] to hope ev]y?+ f

 ,god & to fe> ev]y?+ f man4 ,sc>ron di$
 9 #affj1 & 0 soon =gott54 ,8 "n w\ld n[
 sc>cely be kn[n1 nor w\ld any at ?is   
day be conv]sant ) 8 com$ies & satires b
 = ! exalt$ position :i* 8 wid[         
subsequ5tly atta9$4 ,8 imm$iate         
successors obey$ unconsci\sly ! epitaph 
:i* he _h himself compos$1 & made no    
noise ov] ! grave :]e poor ,sc>ron took 
8 fir/ night's re/4    ,passants1 ne    
faites pas de bruit1   ,de cra9te que je
 ne m'eveille2   ,c> voila la premi]e   
nuit   ,que le pauvre ,sc>ron sommeille4
   ,footnote #afg    ,footnote #afg3    
,poor ,sc>ron 8 fir/ night ( sleep      
enjoys3 ,hu%1   pass]s-by1 nor wake him 
) y\r noise6  ,0 !re ev] a m pa!tic     
joke8  ,:5 ,maz>9 di$ 9 #affa1 ! "y k+  
summon$ 8 c\ncil & said1 ,g5tlem51 ,i h 
hi!rto all[$ ! affairs ( /ate to be     
conduct$ by ! late c>d9al2 h5ce=w>d ,i  
int5d to gov]n myself1 & y w aid me )   
y\r advice :5 ,i ask x4 ,f t day1 ! face
 ( society 9 ,france rapidly *ang$4 ,!n1
 z ,voltaire says1 ! revolution 9 arts1 

intellect1 & morals :i* _h be5 prep>+ = 
half a c5tury took effect1 & at ! c\rt (
 ,l\is ,,xiv4 7 =m$ t ref9em5t ( mann]s 
& ^? social pr9ciples :i* h s9ce ext5d$ 
?r\gh ,europe4 ,! example long set by ! 
,hotel de ,ramb\illet 9 ,p>is 0 foll[$  
by _m o!rs1 & num]\s salons :i* h s9ce  
become matt] ( hi/ory unit$ all t 0 mo/ 
brilliant 9 g5ius & tal5t ) mu* t 0     
e/imable = wor? & ev5 piety4  ,! fir/ t5
 ye>s ( ,madame ,sc>ron's wid[hood 7    
pass$ 9 ! mid/ ( ^! elegant &           
intellectual circles4 ,! assemblies (   
,madame de ,sevigne1 ,madame de         
,c\langes1 ,l\vois' c\s91 & ,madame de  
,lafayette1 ! noveli/1 71 ) ! hotels (  
,albret & ,ri*elieu1 ^? :i* %e          
pr9cipally frequ5t$4 ,%e 0 9 great      
di/ress1 & h] fri5ds tri$ to obta9 = h] 
! p5sion h] husb& _h once enjoy$4 ,b    
,c>d9al ,maz>9 0 inflexible4 ,he        
rememb]$ ! ,maz>9ade1 9 :i* ,sc>ron _h  
satiriz$ him1 & refus$ to grant any     
relief to 8 *>m+ wid[4 ,b %e w\ld be    
behold5 to none = a subsi/5ce4 ,%e      

retir$ into ! #hjd conv5t ( !           
,hospital]s1 :]e a relation l5t h] an   
ap>tm5t1 & liv$ = "s "t on a pittance %e
 _h ho>d$4 ,! que5-"m !n became int]e/$ 
9 h] behalf1 & a p5sion ( ,l#ej a ye> 0 
assign$ h]4 ,h5ce=w>d1 %e said 9 a lett]
 to ,madame d',albret1 ,i %all be able  
to labor = my salvation 9 peace4 ,i h   
made a promise to ,god t ,i w give "o   
f\r? ( my p5sion to ! poor4 ,%e n[      
remov$ to ! ,ursul9e conv5t1 :]e %e liv$
 simply & mode/ly1 b visit$ con/antly1 &
 receiv$1 z ! si/]s compla9$1 a furi\s  
deal ( company4 ,h] dress 0 elegant1 b (
 *eap mat]ials1 & %e manag$ by r>e      
economy to keep a maid1 pay h] wages1 & 
h a little ov] at ! end ( ! ye>4 ,%e    
might h accept$ ! ,m>e*al d',albret's   
(f] ( a home 9 h] hotel1 b %e pref]r$   
entire indep5d5ce 9 h] own humble       
asylum4 ,_m a page c\ld we fill )       
acc\nts ( ! fri5d%ips %e =m$ at ?is     
p]iod4 ,to epitomize h] life is 9 "o    
respect a pa9ful task1 = ! records we   
possess respect+ h] are equally int]e/+ 

& copi\s4 ,%e has f\nd at la/ a         
biograph] wor?y ( h]1 & x is to ! ,due  
de ,noailles' volumes we mu/ ref] ^? :o 
long = fur!r details ?an our space all[s
 u to give4 ,he is ! able/ *ampion ( h] 
honor t has yet appe>$1 & refutes       
triumphantly ! calumnies ( ! ,duc de    
,sa9t ,simon by :i* s _m h be5 deceiv$4 
,at ! ,hotel d',albret ,madame ,sc>ron  
(t5 met ,madame de ,montespan1 :o soon  
aft] became ! mi/ress ( ,l\is4 ,! two   
ladies _h _m ta/es 9 common1 & an       
intimacy sprang up betwe5 !m4 ,h[       
/rangely !y became relat$ to ea* o!r    
aft]w>d we %all pres5tly see4 ,mean:ile 
,madame ,sc>ron 0 ov]tak5 by ano!r      
rev]se4 ,! que5-"m di$ 9 #afff1 & ) h] !
 p5sion ceas$4 ,_m spl5did mansions 7   
eag] to receive & ent]ta9 h]1 b %e      
decl9$ !m all z p]man5t abodes4 ,a ri* &
 dissolute old man propos$ to m>ry h]1 &
 h] fri5ds unwisely second$ 8 ov]tures2 
b %e 0 pro( aga9/ !m1 & wrote to ,n9on  
to express h] gratitude1 because ! voice
 ( t lic5ti\s woman alone 0 rais$ 9     

approval ( h] conduct4 ,%e 0 indignant  
at ! comp>ison h] fri5ds made betwe5 !  
unwor?y aspirant & h] late husb&1 & av[$
 h] read9ess to endure any h>d%ips r ?an
 sacrifice h] lib]ty1 & entangle h]self 
9 an engagem5t :i* consci5ce c\ld n     
approve4 ,con/ra9$1 !re=e1 by want1 %e 0
 ab\t to expatriate h]self1 & foll[ 9 ! 
tra9 ( ! ,du*esse de ,nem\rs1 :o 0      
affianc$ to ! ,k+ ( ,portugal4 ,x 0 a   
sore trial1 = none are m atta*$ to _!   
c\ntry1 none endure exile ) less        
=titude1 ?an ! ,fr5*4 ,%e saw ,madame de
 ,montespan once m2 x 0 9 ! royal       
palace1 & t incid5t *ang$ h] de/9y4 ,!  
future rivals met "u conditions h[      
diff]5t f ^? :i* 7 "o day to exi/6      
,madame de ,montespan1 ?\gh n yet ! k+'s
 mi/ress1 0 already 9 high favor1 & !   
patroness ( t poor wid[ :o 0 aft]w>d1 by
 w9n+ ,l\is' e/eem1 to supplant h] 9 8  
affections1 & become1 all b 9 "n1 ,que5 
( ,france4 ,?r\gh h] m$iation ! =feit$  
p5sion 0 re/or$1 & we f9d h] "n 9 ! li/ 
( ladies invit$ to a c\rt fete 9 #afhh4 

,nev]!less1 h] tr\bles )drew h] v mu* f 
! _w1 & %e ?\ght = a "t ( adopt+ a      
religi\s habit4 ,inde$1 x is n          
impossible t %e might actually h done s1
 _h %e n be5 made av]se to ! /ep by !   
sev]ity ( h] confessor1 ! ,abbe ,gobel94
 ,) a view ( mortify+ h] ambition to    
please & be admir$1 he recomm5d$ h] to  
dress /ill m pla9ly1 & be sil5t 9       
company4 ,%e obey$1 & became s          
disagreeable to h]self & o!rs t %e      
sometimes felt incl9$ to #hje r5\nce h] 
habits ( devotion4  ,footnote #afh ,%e  
retir$1 h[ev]1 to a small lodg+ 9 ! ,rue
 des ,t\rnelles1 liv$ m alone1 &1 z %e  
wrote to ,n9on1 read no?+ b ! ,book (   
,job & ! ,maxims4    ,footnote #afh3    
,duc de ,noailles1 tome i41 pp4 #caj-ab4
  ,"h =tune came to h] relief4 ,!       
infidelities ( ,l\is ,,xiv4 are         
unhappily too well kn[n4 ,suffice x 9   
?is place to say t ,madame de ,montespan
 bore him a daught] 9 #affi1 & a son1   
aft]w>d ! ,duc du ,ma9e1 9 #afgj4       
,circum/ances requir$ t ! exi/5ce ( ^!  

*ildr5 %\ld be conceal$1 & _! "m1 9 ^:  
he>t ! voice ( consci5ce 0 nev] /ifl$1  
be?\ght h] ( ! good ,madame ,sc>ron z "o
 :o 0 well fitt$ to take *>ge ( _!      
education4 ,accord+ly1 %e 0 s\nd$ on !  
subject4 ,! k+'s "n 0 n m5tion$1 b %e 0 
in=m$ t ! secret reg>d+ ! *ildr5 0 to be
 kept inviolate4 ,%e hesitat$1 refus$1  
reconsid]$ ! matt]1 & at la/ cons5t$ on 
condition t ! k+ himself %\ld comm& h]  
s]vices4 ,! (fice 0 f> f di%onorable 9 !
 eyes ( ! _w4 ,madame ,colb]t1 ! m9i/]'s
 wife1 _h be5 intru/$ ) two ( 8 maje/y's
 *ildr5 by ,madame de la ,valli]e4 ,x 0 
n on ?is po9t t ,madame ,sc>ron 0       
anxi\s1 b %e fe>$ le/ %e %\ld give sc&al
 & entangle h] consci5ce by a seem+     
indulg5ce to su* immorality4 ,l\is at   
la/ reque/$ t %e w\ld be z a "m to 8    
babes4 ,!y 7 plac$ ) a nurse 9 an       
obscure little h\se outside ! walls (   
,p>is4 ,madame ,sc>ron 0 to live z be=e 
9 h] own lodg+s1 b )\t los+ sight ( !   
infants4 ,x 0 a po9t ( honor ) h] to    
obs]ve ! utmo/ secrecy4 ,%e visit$ ea* (

 !m sep>ately1 = !y 7 kept ap>t1 & pass$
 9 & out disguis$ z a poor woman1 &     
c>ry+ l95 or meat 9 a basket4 ,return+  
home on foot1 %e ent]$ by a private     
door1 dress$1 & drove to ! ,hotel       
d',albret or ,ri*elieu to lull suspicion
 asleep4 ,:5 ! secret 0 at l5g? kn[n1 %e
 caus$ h]self to be bl$ le/ %e %\ld     
blu%4  ,footnote #afi ,9 two ye>s' "t ! 
numb] ( *ildr5 _h increas$1 & a diff]5t 
arrangem5t 0 adopt$4 ,a l>ge h\se 0     
pur*as$ 9 ! c\ntry1 n f> f ,vaugir>d1 & 
,madame ,sc>ron1 n[ enjoy+ a c]ta9      
degree ( opul5ce1 e/abli%$ h]self !re1 &
 gave all h] "t to ! task ( education4  
,%e 0 lo/ to ! _w1 & h] fri5ds deeply   
lam5t$ h] disappe>ance4 ,b %e 0 s[+ !   
se$ ( h] future greatness4 ,! k+1 :o _h 
a great love = 8 *ildr51 (t5 saw h] :5  
he visit$ !m2 ! av]sion he _h felt = h] 
at fir/ gradually melt$ away2 he admir$ 
h] t5d] & mat]nal c>e ( 8 (fspr+1       
contra/$ x ) ! comp>ative indiff]5ce (  
_! own "m1 greatly increas$ h] p5sion1  
&1 hav+ legitimiz$ ! ,duc du ,ma9e1 !   

,c\nt de ,vex91 & ,mademoiselle de      
,nantes 9 #afgc1 soon aft] appo9t$ !m ) 
_! g\v]nante a place at c\rt4 ,?us1 /ep 
by /ep1 )\t h] own seek+1 %e 0 l$ on to 
ex]cise a high] & mo/ salut>y influ5ce  
on ! k+'s moral "*1 till1 9 rew>d ( h]  
long-tri$ virtue1 %e 0 ultimately to fix
 8 w&]+ affections & effect 8 conv]sion2
 an object :i* = s _m ye>s %e _h reg>d$ 
z ! end ( h] be+4 ,%e 0 ne>ly =ty ye>s (
 age :5 %e ent]$ on h] duties 9 !       
palace2 &1 9 t difficult & try+         
position1 %e set ! glori\s example ( "o 
:o 0 guid$ 9 all ?+s by pr9ciple1 & :o  
?\ght t ! highe/ tal5ts 7 be/ devot$ to 
lead+ an irreproa*able life4 ,%e _h a "w
 be=e h]1 & x 0 great4 ,%e contribut$ to
 )draw ! k+ f 8 disord]ly habits1 to    
re/ore him to ! que51 & to br+ ab\t a   
re=mation ( morals 9 a qu>t] :]e x #hjf 
_h be5 mo/ wantonly ret>d$ by ! royal   
example4 ,! k+1 9 t day1 0 all 9 all4 ,!
 ideal ( ! gov]nm5t 0 royalty4 ,!       
,fronde _h di$ away1 & ) x ! p[] ( !    
nobles4 ,t ( ! p1 9 ! s5se 9 :i* x is n[

 g5]ally und]/ood1 0 unkn[n2 ev5        
infidels & sc(f]s sc>cely dream$ ( x4 ,!
 mon>*1 l ,cyrus  ,footnote #agj & !    
,caes>s1 believ$ himself some?+ m ?an   
man4 ,diseases fl$ at 8 t\*1 & he       
virtually set himself above all laws1   
human & div9e4 ,x ne$$ ! eloqu5ce ( a   
,bossuet to conv9ce ,l\is t a prie/ _h  
done 8 duty 9 refus+ absolution to ! "m 
( 8 illegitimate *ildr51 ,footnote #aga 
,! success ( 8 arms enhanc$ 8           
self-e/eem1 & ! atmosph]e ( 8 c\rt 0 s  
ta9t$ ) corruption t ,madame ,sc>ron (t5
 sigh$ = retirem5t1 & resolv$ to flee f 
s p]il\s & pa9ful a promotion4 ,h]      
int]c\rse ) ,madame de ,montespan 0     
*equ]$ ) /ormy diss5sions1 & ! jeal\sy (
 ! latt] became almo/ insupportable4 ,! 
education ( ! *ildr5 0 a con/ant subject
 ( cont5tion1 & ,madame ,sc>ron1 :o knew
 t !y w\ld be ru9$ if left to _! "m1 0 n
 dispos$ to yield any ( h] rights4 ,b ! 
,duc du ,ma9e 0 ! idol ( 8 fa!r & "m1 & 
?is s]v$ to atta* !m bo? to !           
incomp>able g\v]nante1 :o lov$ ! boy )  

an affection truly mat]nal4    ,footnote
 #afi3 ,deuxieme ,entreti5 a ,sa9t-,cyr4
     ,footnote #agj3 ,h]odotus1 ,clio1  
cciv4    ,footnote #aga3 ,duc de        
,noailles1 tome i41 p4 #caf4  ,be+      
disgu/$ ) ! c\rt1 & hav+ receiv$ f ! k+ 
a pres5t ( #bjj1jjj francs1 %e b\ght 9  
#afgd ! e/ate ( ,ma9t5on1 ab\t ?irty    
miles f ,v]sailles1 ) ! int5tion (      
retir+ ?i!r4 ,b a rupture betwe5 ! k+ & 
8 favorite mi/ress 0 at h&1 & on ?is    
circum/ance h+$ ,madame ,sc>ron's future
 c>e]4  ,9 spite ( 8 pr(ligacy1 ,l\is   
,,xiv4 0 at bottom religi\sly dispos$4  
,8 s]i\s att5tion to bus9ess prov$ him  
to be a man ( ?\ght & reflection1 &1 :5 
! great fe/ivals came r\nd1 x griev$ him
 n to be 9 a condition to fulfil 8      
religi\s duties4 ,! s]mons ( ,b\rdal\e  
dur+ ! ,l5t ( #afge t\*$ him1 & !       
expo/ulations ( ,bossuet 9 private      
deep5$ _! effect4 ,he resolv$ to dismiss
 ,madame de ,montespan1 & dep>t$ to jo9 
! army )\t see+ h]4 ,i h satisfi$ y1    
fa!r1 he said to ,b\rdal\e3 ,madame de  

,montespan is at ,clagny4 ,yes1 sire1   
repli$ ! prea*]2 b ,god w\ld be bett]   
satisfi$ if ,clagny 7 sev5ty leagues f  
,v]sailles4 ,mean:ile ,madame ,sc>ron1 )
 ! ,duc du ,ma9e1 w5t to ,b>eges1 &1 z !
 k+ _h1 be=e creat+ h] a m>*ioness1     
graci\sly call$ h]1 9 pres5ce ( 8       
nobles1 ,madame de ,ma9t5on1 we %all    
h5ce=w>d speak ( h] by ! "n :i* %e be>s 
9 hi/ory4 ,! ?ree mo/ important         
p]sonages 9 our drama 7 n[ sep>at$4 ,!  
k+1 at ! head ( 8 army1 receiv$ ! lett]s
 ( ,bossuet1 conjur+ him to p]sev]e 9 8 
promises ( am5dm5t1 :ile ,madame de     
,montespan1 9 h] retreat1 0 press$ by ! 
same f]vid eloqu5ce to return to ! pa? (
 virtue4 ,b ! ,duc du ,ma9e 0 ev]y:]e   
ent]ta9$ z ! k+'s son1 & fetes t vi$ )  
ea* o!r 9 spl5dor await$ him & 8        
g\v]nante ev]y:]e4 ,s popul> 0 ! k+1 s  
loyal 8 p1 t 8 vice pass$ = virtue or   
innoc5t gallantry4  ,b>eges 0 n !n :at x
 has n[ become4 ,a few ?at*$ cottages & 
"o h\se ) a slat$ ro( 7 all x c\ld boa/4
 ,madame de ,ma9t5on & h] sick *>ge1 !  

little duke1 _h b "o room1 meanly       
furni%$1 :]e he slept by h] side4 ,!    
place 0 !n sc>cely kn[n2 b ! physician  
,fagon _h discov]$ x dur+ 8 excursions  
among ! ,pyr5ees1 &1 by mak+ ,madame de 
,ma9t5on acqua9t$ ) ! #hjg efficacy (   
its ba?s1 he rais$ x to importance &    
secur$ = himself =tune & r5[n4 ,"h %e   
receiv$ _m lett]s f ! k+ 9 atte/ation ( 
8 fri5d%ip2 & return+ h5ce1 %e visit$   
,niort & ! prison :]e %e 0 born1 ! aunt 
%e _h s t5d]ly lov$1 & ! ,ursul9e conv5t
 :]e %e _h fir/ be5 s*ool$ & support$ by
 *>ity4 ,att5tions 7 lavi%$ on h] 9 e   
qu>t]1 & _m valuable records ( h] family
 fell into h] h&s4 ,among ^! 0 ! life ( 
h] illu/ri\s gr&fa!r1 ,agrippa          
d',aubigne1 writt5 by himself4  ,h]     
reception by ! k+ 0 m cordial ?an ev]2 b
 ! high favor 9 :i* %e /ood did n break 
h] resolution to r5\nce a c\rt life z   
soon z circum/ances %\ld p]mit4 ,%e     
correspond$ regul>ly ) ! ,abbe ,gobel91 
& (t5 express$ h] will+ness to foll[    
implicitly 8 advice4 ,madame de         

,montespan rega9$ h] asc5dancy1 at lea/ 
9 appe>ance2 b _m ?\ght t ! k+ 0 fa/    
becom+ wean$ f h]1 ?r\gh ! new influ5ce4
 ,madame de ,ma9t5on ex]t$ daily a m    
manife/ empire4 ,ev]y?+1 z ,madame de   
,sevigne wrote 9 #afgf1 yield$ to h]4   
,"o att5dant held ! pommade be=e h] on  
b5d$ knee1 ano!r br\ght h] gloves1 & a  
?ird lull$ h] to sleep4 ,%e salut$ no   
"o2 b ^? :o knew h] believ$ t %e laugh$ 
9 h] he>t at ^! =malities4 ,i desire m  
?an ev]1 %e said to ,m4 ,gobel91 to be  
away f ?is place2 & ,i am m & m confirm$
 9 my op9ion t ,i _c s]ve ,god "h4      
,madame de ,montespan1 dur+ "s ye>s1    
cont9u$ to be ! recogniz$ favorite2 b ! 
beautiful ,fontanges divid$ ) h] !      
un5viable di/9ction till1 hav+ j be5    
made a du*ess1 %e di$ 9 ! fl[] ( h] y\?4
 ,b amid/ all ?is levity1 ,l\is paid !  
sev]e ,madame de ,ma9t5on ! mo/ delicate
 att5tions1 :i* fail$ n to excite !     
utmo/ indignation 9 ! brea/ ( ! royal   
mi/ress4 ,at l5g?1 9 #afhj1 ! dauph9    
esp\s$ ! daught] ( ! ,elector ( ,bav>ia1

 & ,l\is1 anxi\s to reta9 ,madame de    
,ma9t5on 9 ! s]vice ( ! c\rt1 made h]   
lady ( ! b$-*amb] to ! dauph9ess4 ,9 ?is
 honorable (fice %e 0 set free f !      
bondage %e _h endur$4 ,%e _h n[ no?+ 9  
common ) ,madame de ,montespan2 & %e    
ex*ang$ ! ap>tm5ts %e _h occupi$ = o!rs 
imm$iately ov] ^? ( ! k+1 :]e he c\ld   
visit h] at w1 &1 by h] lively & fl[+   
conv]sation1 refre% 8 m9d :5 we>y )     
bus9ess1 or jad$ ) pleasures t _h long  
s9ce begun to pall4 ,surr\nd$ by m9ions 
( e sort1 x 0 some?+ new to him to be   
address$ freely & )\t any selfi% view4  
,?is 0 ! secret ( ,madame de ,ma9t5on's 
p[] ov] 8 he>t1 & he confess$ ! pot5cy (
 ! spell4 ,madame de ,montespan 0 visit$
 less & less1 & ,l\is pass$ h\rs e day 9
 ! ap>tm5ts ( ! dauph9ess1 :]e he f\nd  
also h] lady ( ! b$-*amb]4 ,a cabal 0   
=m$ by ! des]t$ mi/resses & "s pr(ligate
 m9i/]s aga9/ ! new & truly e/imable    
object ( ,l\is' favor2 b _! ma*9ations  
fail$4 ,! sov]eign at la/ broke 8 *a9s1 
& ,madame de ,montespan1 l ,n9on & ,la  

,valli]e1 made pr(it ( ! "t :i* 0 all[$ 
to h] = rep5tance1 b :i* _h be5 d5i$ to 
,fontanges4 ,! mis]able dea?-b$ ( t "y  
creature1 di/ract$ by remorse1 b /ill   
cl++ passionately to h] unlawful love1  
deeply affect$ ! k+1  ,footnote #agb &  
is said to h p[]fully contribut$ to     
reclaim him f 8 evil habits4 ,! b5ign   
influ5ce ( ,madame de ,ma9t5on reunit$  
him to ! long ab&on$ que51 :o1 ) all h] 
exalt$ piety & ,*ri/ian virtue1 0       
defici5t1 x mu/ be confess$1 9 tact &   
disc]nm5t1 z well z 9 ^? intellectual   
#hjh gifts :i* w\ld h made h] an        
acceptable companion to ,l\is2 :ile h]  
/rict devotional practices & retir+     
habits--habits :i* h] native mode/y &   
timidity ( "*1 comb9$ ) h] husb&'s      
neglect1 t5d$ to confirm--may h _h no   
small %>e 9 increas+ 8 e/rangem5t4 ,8   
ev5+s 7 n[ frequ5tly sp5t ) h]2 & e     
memb] ( ! royal family 0 delight$ ) !   
happy *ange1 & grateful to h] by :om x  
_h be5 br\ght ab\t4 ,! k+ himself f\nd !
 pa?s ( virtue to be ^? ( peace1 & ! f9]

 p>ts ( 8 "* 7 display$ to advantage4   
,he _h naturally a k9d & feel+ he>t1 & 0
 by no means t mon/] ( selfi%ness &     
=mality :i* hi/orians s (t5 make him4   
,footnote #agc    ,footnote #agb3       
,gab\rd1 ,hi/oire de ,france1 tome xiv41
 p4 #dec1   note4     ,footnote #agc3   
,duc de ,noailles1 tome ii41 p4 #bh4    
,aft] ! peace ( ,nimegu51 ,l\is ,,xiv41 
hav+ se5 8 ent]prises ev]y:]e cr[n$ )   
victory1 became intoxicat$ ) 8 own      
greatness1 & arrogant t[>d =eign p[]s4  
,b ! c\nsels ( ,madame de ,ma9t5on t5d$ 
to re/ra9 8 ambition & modify ! defiant 
tone ( 8 gov]nm5t4 ,%e well knew t su*  
an attitude1 beside be+ wrong 9 itself1 
0 ! c]ta9 =]unn] ( =midable coalitions4 
,h[ev] lightly %e might h ?\ght ( !     
,pr9ce ( ,orange1 if s+ly mat*$ ) !     
greate/ pot5tate ( ,europe1 %e wisely   
judg$ 8 tal5ts & pr[ess capable (       
inflict+ great injury on ,france if he 7
 9 union ) exasp]at$ allies4 ,:ile h] h&
 ?us ne>ly t\*$ ! helm ( /ate1 x 0 busy 
z ev] 9 disp5s+ private *>ities2 & x 0  

ab\t ?is "t also t %e f\nd$ an          
e/abli%m5t at ,rueil :i* 0 ! orig9 (    
,sa9t-,cyr4 ,= ! fir/ "t1 %e said1 9 a  
lett] to h] bro!r1 ,footnote #agd ,i am 
happy4    ,footnote #agd3 #bj? ,febru>y1
 #afhb4  ,9 #afhc ! que5 di$1 & ,l\is1  
:o _h become conv9c$ ( h] m]its too     
late1 wept ov] h] :5 expir+ & said1 ,x  
is ! fir/ tr\ble %e has ev] caus$ me4   
,madame de ,ma9t5on1 :o _h /aid ) h] to 
! la/1 0 ab\t to retire1 :5 ! ,duc de la
 ,ro*ef\cauld1 tak+ h] by ! arm1 drew h]
 t[>d ! k+1 say+1 ,x is no "t1 madame1  
to leave him3 he ne$s y 9 8 pres5t      
condition4 ,h] position at c\rt 0 n[ v  
emb>rass+4 ,%e 0 aw>e ( ! k+'s          
pr$ilections1 & he 0 no less p]suad$ t  
%e c\ld be atta*$ to him by none b      
virtu\s ties4 ,! dauph9ess reque/$ h] to
 accept ! place ( lady ( honor1 b %e    
/eadily refus$4 ,0 x inde$ t %e aspir$  
high]8 ,c\ld %e fancy = "o mom5t t ,l\is
 w\ld exalt h] to ! rank ( 8 wife8 ,an  
anecdote relat$ by ,madame de ,caylus   
w\ld lead u to suppose t ! ?\ght _h     

cross$ h] m9d1 & t ! k+ himself _h      
p]haps giv5 h] "s pl$ge ( 8 int5tions4  
,madame de ,caylus 0 a/oni%$ at h]      
decl9+ a po/ ( su* high dignity4 ,w\ld  
y1 ask$ h] aunt1 r be ! niece ( a lady (
 honor1 or ! niece ( "o :o refus$ to be 
su*8 ,madame de ,caylus repli$ t %e %\ld
 look ^u h] :o refus$ z immeasurably    
high] ?an h] :o accept$3 on :i* ,madame 
de ,ma9t5on kiss$ h]4 ,%e _h giv5 ! "r  
answ]4 ,madame de ,montespan 0 /ill at  
c\rt ) h] *ildr51 b h] day 0 gone by2 & 
%e ^: sil5t influ5ce _h wr\ght h] ov]?r[
 nev] triumph$ ov] h]1 & ev5 deem$ x    
prud5t to ab/a9 f any ov]t attempt to   
prev5t ! k+'s see+ h]4  ,! decorations  
at ,v]sailles 7 at ?is "t conduct$ on   
su* a scale z to make t spot "o ( !     
wond]s ( ! _w4 ,all ,europe 0 curi\s to 
see its g>d5s or read ( _! mat*less     
spl5dor4 ,its f\nta9s & cascades 7 nev] 
to be sil5t1 night or day1 & ! wat]s ( !
 ,eure 7 to supply !m by means ( a canal
 & aqu$uct m ?an f\rte5 leagues 9 l5g?4 
#hji ,tw5ty-two ?\s& m5 work$ on ! l9e1 

:i* trav]s$ ! e/ate & valley ( ,ma9t5on4
 ,! aqu$uct 0 !re support$ by magnific5t
 arcades1 & its entire co/1 )\t c\nt+   
pur*ase ( l&1 0 ab\t n9e millions (     
francs4 ,to ! t[n ( ,ma9t5on ! v p[]ful 
& pi\s lady :o bore its "n 0 a great    
b5efactress4 ,%e obta9$ = x fairs &     
m>kets1 & f\nd$ 9 x a hospital & s*ools4
 ,%e rebuilt1 entirely at h] own co/1 ! 
*ur* & presbyt]y1 z well z ^? ( two     
adjo9+ p>i%es4 ,%e br\ght ?i!r ,normans 
& ,flem+s to tea* ! villag]s h[ to      
weave1 & di/ribut$ abundant alms to !   
poor & infirm4 ,! k+ /aid at h] *ateau  
repeat$ly1 & inspect$ ! works t 7       
rapidly advanc+ among ! hills4 ,rac9e   
also 0 h] gue/ ab\t ?is p]iod1 & 0 *>m$ 
) 8 visit4 ,"h1 too1 9 ! v h\se :]e     
,*>les ,x41 & ) him ! direct ,b\rbon    
l9e1 aft]w>d ceas$ to reign1 0 probably 
fix$ t rem>kable m>riage ( :i* we %all h
 mu* to record4  ,madame de ,ma9t5on 0  
/ill beautiful1 ?\gh 9 h] fiftie? ye>4  
,%e 0 ?ree ye>s old] ?an ! k+1 & !      
influ5ce %e ex]t$ ov] him 0 no matt] (  

surprise to ^? :o 7 us$ to wat* h]      
radiant eyes & face beam+ ) animation & 
intellig5ce4 ,sev]e virtue gave         
additional dignity to h] di/+ui%$ &     
graceful mann]s1 &1 :ile %e yield$ to   
none 9 conv]sational p[]s1 %e 0 also a  
good li/5]4 ,! pr\d k+ f\nd 9 h] "o to  
:om he c\ld b[ )\t humiliation1 & h]    
conque/ ( 8 he>t 0 a signal triumph (   
moral wor?4 ,! m>riage 0 private1 & !   
secrecy s well pres]v$ t its date _c be 
asc]ta9$4 ,x is suppos$ to h tak5 place 
9 #afhe1 & 0 celebrat$ by ! ,ar*bi%op ( 
,p>is1 9 ! pres5ce ( ,p]e la ,*aise2    
,bontemps1 a valet-de-*ambre1 :o s]v$ ! 
mass2 & ,m4 de ,mont*evreuil1 ,madame de
 ,ma9t5on's intimate fri5d4 ,a union    
satisfactory to h] consci5ce 0 all %e   
requir$1 & ?is be+ obta9$1 %e took !    
utmo/ pa9s to prev5t ! matt] becom+     
public4 ,! c\rt rema9$ = "s "t 9        
ignorance ( ! m>riage2 b ! fact is      
beyond all d\bt1 & is dwelt on ) little 
disguise by ! ,bi%op ( ,*>tres1 9 lett]s
 to ! k+ & 8 wife1 & by ,b\rdal\e 9 8   

private in/ructions to ! latt]4 ,:ile   
,sa9t-,simon d5\nces x z s pr(\nd a     
humiliation = ! pr\de/ ( k+s t po/]ity w
 nev] cr$it x1 ,voltaire1 ) m good s5se1
 ma9ta9s t ,l\is 9 ?is m>riage 9 no     
degree compromis$ 8 dignity1 & t ! c\rt1
 nev] hav+ any c]ta9ty on ! subject1    
respect$ ! k+'s *oice )\t treat+ ,madame
 de ,ma9t5on z que54  ,footnote #age    
,!re is n ! slighte/ pro( t ,l\is ev]   
contemplat$ %>+ 8 ?rone ) h] op5ly1 &   
/ill less t h] ambition ext5d$ s f>4 ,9 
! passage we quot$ f ,macaulay ! read] w
 h obs]v$ t he introduces ! fable ) ,x 0
 said4 ,he is1 9 fact1 !re foll[+       
,sa9t-,simon & ! ,abbe de ,*oisy1       
,footnote #agf ^: ,memoirs are1 9 ?is   
p>ticul>1 altoge!r at v>iance ) ,madame 
de ,ma9t5on's "* z reveal$ 9 h] lett]s1 
) ! mode/y & res]ve :i* di/+ui%$ h] 9 s 
high a /ation1 & ) ! imp5etrable sil5ce 
%e always obs]v$ ) reg>d to ! fact ( !  
k+ be+ h] husb&4  ,footnote #agg        
,footnote #age3 ,siecle de ,l\is ,,xiv41
 tome ii4    ,footnote #agf3 ,livre vii4

    ,footnote #agg3 ,duc de ,noailles1  
tome ii41 pp4 #aca-b4  ,?\gh liv+ 9 !   
mid/ ( ! c\rt1 h] elevation 01 z        
,voltaire says1 no?+ b a retreat4 ,%e   
re/rict$ h] society to a small numb] (  
female fri5ds1 & devot$ h]self almo/    
exclusively to ! k+4 ,no di/9ction m>k$ 
h] 9 public1 except t %e occupi$ 9 *apel
 a gild$ tribune made = ! que54 #haj    
,l\is spoke ( h] z ,madame1 & if ! ,abbe
 de ,*oisy may be tru/$1 ,bontemps1 !   
valet1 address$ h] 9 private z y\r      
maje/y4 ,%e 0 seldom se5 9 !            
reception-halls1 b ! k+ pass$ all ! "t t
 0 n occupi$ ) public affairs 9 h]      
ap>tm5t4 ,he rose at eight1 surr\nd$ by 
8 (fic]s2 z soon z dress$1 he 0 closet$ 
) 8 m9i/]s1 ) :om he rema9$ till midday2
 at half-pa/ twelve he he>d mass1 & 9   
pass+ & repass+ ?r\gh ! gr& gall]y1 to  
:i* ! public 0 admitt$1 might be        
address$ by any "o :o ask$ p]mission ( !
 capta9 ( 8 gu>ds4 ,aft] mass1 he visit$
 ,madame de ,montespan daily till ! ye> 
#afia1  ,footnote #agh & /aid ) h] till 

d9n] 0 ann\nc$4 ,?is 0 ord9>ily ab\t    
half-pa/ "o4 ,madame de ,ma9t5on1 ?\gh  
%e supp$ 9 h] own room1 d9$ always at ! 
k+'s table1 sitt+ opposite him4 ,!n     
foll[$ %oot+ 9 ! p>k1 :i* 0 8 favorite  
amusem5t4 ,sometimes he hunt$ ! /ag1 !  
wolf1 or ! wild bo>2 b f ! "t he        
dislocat$ 8 arm 9 #afhc1 ?r\gh 8 horse's
 /umbl+ ov] a rabbit-burr[1 he seldom   
w5t to ! *ase m\nt$1 b 9 a cala%1 :i* he
 drove himself1 ) "s ladies1 & v (t5    
,madame de ,ma9t5on4 ,banquets 7 spread 
9 ! woods1 & 9 ! summ] ev5+s gondolas ) 
music pli$ on ! canal1 & ,madame de     
,ma9t5on's place 0 always 9 t ( ! k+4   
,at six or sev5 he return$ home1 & work$
 or amus$ himself till t51 ! h\r =      
supp]2 aft] :i* he pass$ an h\r ) 8     
*ildr51 lawful & legitimiz$1 8 bro!r    
sitt+ 9 an arm-*air l himself1 ! dauph9 
& ! o!r pr9ces /&+1 & ! pr9cesses on    
tab\rets4 ,dur+ w9t] at ,v]sailles1 a   
ball1 a com$y1 or an app>tem5t foll[$ e 
ev5+ 9 regul> succession4 ,! app>tem5t 0
 an assembly ( ! entire c\rt1 &         

sometimes end$ ) danc+1 aft] music1     
*ess1 billi>ds1 & all sorts ( games4    
,footnote #agh3 ,duc de ,noailles tome  
ii41 p4 #adg1 note4   ,!re 0 no?+ 9     
,madame de ,ma9t5on's temp] oppos$ to ! 
ceaseless fe/ivities ( ,v]sailles1      
,m>ly1 & ,fonta9ebleau4 ,%e height5$ !m1
 inde$1 by ! noble pleasures ( ! m9d1   
:i* h] influ5ce c\ld n fail to          
introduce4 ,h] /yle ( dress 0 exquisite1
 & eld]ly beyond :at h] age requir$2 &  
:ile %e treat$ all ar\nd h] ) ! utmo/   
att5tion1 %e 0 altoge!r free f airs (   
importance4 ,%e rose betwe5 six & sev51 
w5t /raight to mass1 & communicat$ ?ree 
or f\r times a week4 ,:ile %e 0 dress+1 
"o ( h] att5dants read ! ,new ,te/am5t  
or ! ,imitation ( ,jesus ,*ri/2 & dur+ !
 re/ ( ! day h] movem5ts 7 regulat$ by  
^? ( ! k+4 ,:5ev] %e 0 at lib]ty1 %e    
pass$ h] morn+s at ,sa9t-,cyr1 & ,l\is  
came to h] regul>ly sev]al h\rs be=e    
supp]4 ,%e nev] w5t to him except :5 he 
0 ill4 ,h] income am\nt$ to ne>ly f\r   
?\s& p\nds a ye> ( our money2 & ( ?is ! 

l>g] "p 0 giv5 to ! poor4 ,9 va9 !      
memb]s ( h] family look$ to h] =        
promotion1 9 va9 !y reproa*$ h] ) =gett+
 ! claims ( k9dr$3 ,i ref] y1 madam1 %e 
wrote to ! ,pr9cesse des ,urs9s1 to !   
valley ( ,josaphat to see :e!r ,i h be5 
a bad k9swoman4 ,i may be deceiv$1 b ,i 
believe ,i h done z ,i ought1 & t ,god  
has n plac$ me :]e ,i am to p]secute him
 cont9ually = :om ,i wi% to procure t   
repose :i* he does n enjoy4 ,no1 madam1 
x is only 9 ! vale ( ,josaphat t !      
reasons = my conduct t[>d my relatives w
 be app>5t4 ,mean:ile1 ,i conjure y n to
 condemn me4  ,footnote #agi            
,footnote #agi3 ,lett] ( #af? ,febru>y1 
#agaj4   ,! poor & un=tunate _h no cause
 = simil> compla9ts4 ,%e gave away      
betwe5 two & ?ree #haa ?\s& p\nds a ye>4
 ,dur+ ! sc>city ( #afid1 hav+ p>t$ )   
all %e _h1 %e sold a beautiful r+ & a   
pair ( horses1 to supply ! wants ( !    
suff]]s4 ,di/ribute my alms1 %e wrote to
 h] /ew>d1 z quickly z y c4 ,sp>e no    
pa9s1 & rep9e at no difficulty4         

,circum/ances require unusual *>ities4  
,see if peas1 beans1 milk1 & b>ley-meal1
 if any?+1 9 %ort1 w supply ! place ( ! 
bread :i* is s de>4 ,d 9 my h\se z y    
w\ld 9 y\r own family4 ,i leave x 9 y\r 
*>ge4 ,incite ! p to c\rage & to labor4 
,if !y d n s[1 !y w reap no?+ next ye>4 
,%e (t5 visit$ ! ne$y1 & reliev$ _!     
wants ) h] own h&4 ,%e w\ld put (f buy+ 
any?+ = h]self to ! la/ mom5t1 & !n say1
 ,!re1 ,i h tak5 t f ! poor4 ,h] *>ity  
inspir$ o!rs ) ! _s ( self-d5ial1 & ! k+
 & 8 *ief almon] (t5 disp5s$ _! b\nty   
?r\gh h]4 ,b nei!r poor nor ri* div]t$  
h] att5tion f ,l\is4 ,to 8 ease1 8      
ta/es1 8 s5tim5ts--ev5 :5 !y %ock$ h]--8
 "t1 & 8 v fri5d%ips1 %e sacrific$      
ev]y?+4 ,he 0 h] vocation2 & h] own     
fri5ds c\ld n1 z %e said1 b look ^u h] z
 dead to !m4 ,to h] ! k+ confid$ all2 & 
?us ! c>es ( /ate1 ! p]ils ( w>1 !      
intrigues ( ! c\rt1 cabals1 petitions1  
private int]e/s1 & ev5 family disputes1 
7 cont9ually roll+ _! d9 at h] feet4    
,pr9ces1 pr9cesses1 m9i/]s1 & a cr[d (  

p]sons anxi\s to secure _! own int]e/s1 
=c$ !mselves ^u h]1 & broke up all !    
pleasures ( solitude & society1 ( /udy1 
m$itation1 & correspond5ce1 = :i* %e    
p9$4 ,b %e _h c\nt$ ! co/1 & bore )     
equanimity ! abs5ce ( t p]fect happ9ess 
:i* %e nev] expect$ to atta9 on e>?4 ,! 
honors :i* encircl$ h] 7 brilliant      
fett]s1 & gall$ h] no less because !y   
glitt]$4 ,i c hold out no long]1 %e said
 "o day to h] bro!r1 ,c\nt d',aubigne2  
,i w\ld t ,i 7 dead6 ,! s5se ( duty 0 h]
 abid+ /r5g?1 & %e d]iv$ consolation f  
reflect+ t h] elevation 0 n ( h] own    
seek+4 ,! pa? by :i* %e _h be5 l$ 0     
/range--s /range t %e c\ld n b believe  
%e _h a div9e mission to accompli%4 ,x 0
 easy to int]pret h] conduct 9 a worldly
 & ambiti\s s5se2 b :51 s9ce ! ,ma/] ( !
 h\se 0 call$ ,beelzebub1 h ! *ildr5 ( 8
 h\sehold be5 rightly und]/ood8 ,:atev] 
is 9 ! he>t comes out soon] or lat] 9 ! 
writ+s1 & ^? :o read ,madame de ,ma9t5on
 9 h] lett]s1 w be 9 no d\bt z to :at 7 
h] guid+ pr9ciples4 ,always true to     

h]self1 %e 0 an enigma to ^? only :o _h 
n ! key to h] true "*4 ,! ye> ( h]      
m>riage 0 signaliz$ by "o ( ! mo/       
important legislative acts 9 ! hi/ory ( 
mod]n ,europe4 ,?is 0 ! revocation ( !  
edict ( ,nantes1 by :i*1 eighty-sev5    
ye>s be=e1 ,h5ry ,,iv4 _h1 %ortly aft] 8
 abjuration ( ,prote/antism1 t]m9at$ a  
long civil w> by grant+ to ! ,calv9i/s  
fre$om ( religi\s wor%ip & admission to 
(fices ( /ate4 ,! edict itself 0 z      
contr>y to ! _s ( t age z x w\ld be     
consonant ) ! ideas ( ?is4 ,^? :o reg>d$
 ea* o!r respectively z idolat]s &      
h]etics _h n yet le>n$ to live toge!r 9 
social & political bro!rhood4 ,! popes &
 sa9tly doctors ( ^? times look$ on su* 
frat]nity ) horror1 & =esaw t1 if x     
became g5]al1 indiff]5ce & widespread   
infidelity w\ld be its c]ta9 results4   
,ev5ts h ju/ifi$ _! anticipations2 &    
?\gh x may be d\bt$ :e!r ?is or t act ( 
intol]ance1 su* z ! revocation ( ! edict
 9 "q by ,l\is ,,xiv41 7 wise & exp$i5t 
"u ! circum/ances1 x ought nev] to be   

=gott5 t ! e/abli%m5t & ma9t5ance (     
,ca?olic unity 9 a #hab k+dom r$\nds1   
ab/ractly consid]$1 to ! glory ( a      
,*ri/ian pr9ce4 ,to ?is glory ! gov]nm5t
 ( ,l\is aspir$2 & :ile x is cle> f     
,madame de ,ma9t5on's correspond5ce t %e
 took no active "p 9 ! matt]1 x is      
evid5t also t %e approv$ x1 z did !     
nation 9 g5]al4 ,voltaire concurs ) !   
,duc de ,noailles 9 exon]at+ h] f ! *>ge
 ( hav+ in/igat$ ! revocation & applaud$
 its results4 ,no traces ( a _s (       
p]secution c be discov]$ 9 h] "*4 ,no?+ 
c exce$ ! sweetness ( disposition ) :i* 
%e reprov$ h] bro!r1 :5 gov]nor (       
,cognac1 = hav+ treat$ ! ,calv9i/s )    
ne$less sev]ity4 ,h pity1 %e wrote1 on  
p]sons m un=tunate ?an culpable4 ,!y    
hold ! errors we once held ourselves1 & 
f :i* viol5ce nev] )drew u4 ,d n        
disquiet !m2 su* m5 mu/ be allur$ by    
g5tl5ess & love3 ,jesus ,*ri/ has set u 
! example4  ,footnote #ahj ,ruvigny1 a  
,prote/ant1 aft]w>d made ,e>l ( ,galway 
by ,william ,,iii41 spoke ( h] to ! k+ z

 "o :o _h a lean+ to ! ,re=m$ religion2 
& ?\gh no?+ c\ld be m untrue1 x %[s t h]
 zeal z a ,ca?olic c\ld n h be5         
intemp]ate4 ,! k+ himself told h] t h]  
t5d]ness t[>d ! ,hugu5ots came1 he      
?\ght1 ( h] hav+ =m]ly be5 "o ( !m2 & ! 
hi/orians ( ! ,fr5* refugees 9          
,br&eburg1 ,erman & ,reclam1 all[ t %e  
nev] advis$ ! viol5t measures t 7 us$1 &
 decl>e t %e abhorr$ ! p]secutions      
consequ5t on ! revocation4 ,! au?ors (  
!m1 !y add1 conceal$ !m f h] z f> z     
possible1 kn[+ t %e desir$ ! adoption ( 
no o!r means b in/ruction & k9dness4    
,footnote #aha ,9 h] conv]sations ) !   
si/]s at ,sa9t-,cyr1 h] language 0      
always 9 con=mity ) ^! /atem5ts4 ,! k+1 
%e told !m1 :o _h a wond]ful zeal =     
religion1 press$ h] to dismiss "s       
,hugu5ots f h] s]vice1 or oblige !m to  
ent] ! fold ( ! ,*ur*4 ,i pray y1 sire1 
%e repli$1 to let me be mi/ress ( my own
 dome/ics1 & manage !m 9 my own way4    
,accord+ly1 %e nev] press$ !m to r5\nce 
_! errors4 ,%e %[$ !m ! m excell5t way  

:5 ev] %e _h an opportunity1 & 9 good "t
 _h ! satisfaction ( see+ !m all embrace
 ! ,ca?olic fai?4    ,footnote #ahj3    
,lettre a ,m4 d' ,aubigne1 #afhb4       
,footnote #aha3 ,tome i41 p4 #gg4  ,if1 
!n1 ,madame de ,ma9t5on applaud$ !      
revocation ( ! edict ( ,nantes1 %e mu/ n
 be held responsible = ! =c$ conv]sions1
 ! dragonades1 imprisonm5ts1 &          
emigration 9 :i* x issu$4 ,h] approval  
mu/ be int]pret$ 9 ! same s5se z ! brief
 address$ to ,l\is by ,innoc5t ,,xi41   
,footnote #ahb 9 :i* ! pontiff          
congratulat$ him on revok+ all !        
ord9ances issu$ 9 favor ( h]etics       
?r\gh\t 8 k+dom1 & provid+1 by v sage   
edicts1 = ! propagation ( ! or?odox     
fai?4 ,! immunities grant$ to !         
,calv9i/s by ,h5ry ,,iv4 involv$1       
accord+ to ,ranke1 a ,prote/ant         
hi/orian1 a degree ( indep5d5ce :i*     
seems h>dly compatible ) ! idea ( a     
/ate4  ,footnote #ahc ,religi\s diss5t  
naturally eng5d]$ political             
disaffection4 ,! ,prote/ant assemblies 9

 ! "t ( ,l\is ,,xiii4 endeavor$ to      
e/abli% a k9d ( f$]al republic4 ,six    
times dur+ t k+'s reign ! ,calv9i/s took
 up arms4 ,ri*elieu ma9ta9$ t no?+ great
 c\ld be und]tak5 s long z ! ,hugu5ots  
_h a foot+ 9 ! k+dom4 ,!y =m$ a treaty )
 ,spa91 ) a view to _! indep5d5ce1 & 7  
reg>d$ by ! nation at l>ge z a public   
enemy4    ,footnote #ahb3 #ac? ,novemb]1
 #afhe4     ,footnote #ahc3 ,lives ( !  
,popes1 vol4 ii41 p4 #dci4  ,zeal\sly z 
,madame de ,ma9t5on labor$ = ! conv]sion
 ( h] own relatives--p>ticul>ly ,m4 de  
,vilette & 8 *ildr5--x is no wond] t %e 
concurr$ ) ! k+1 ! cl]gy1 & ! p 9 ?9k+ t
 ! #hac "t 0 come to )draw f !          
,prote/ants ( ,france privileges dang]\s
 to religion & to ! /ate1 & to conc]t m 
effective measures = _! conv]sion4 ,%e  
held ) ,bossuet t a ,*ri/ian pr9ce ought
 to use 8 au?ority = ! de/ruction (     
false religions 9 8 realm1 & t he is at 
lib]ty to employ rigor\s measures1 b t  
g5tl5ess is to be pref]r$4 ,footnote    
#ahd ,%e believ$ ) ,f5elon t ! religi\s 

tol]ation :i* is necess>y 9 "o c\ntry   
may be dang]\s 9 ano!r--= ! mild & lov+ 
prelate ( ,cambray agre$ at bottom ) !  
/]n] ,bossuet on ?is subject4  ,footnote
 #ahe ,:e!r subsequ5t ev5ts v9dicat$ !  
political exp$i5cy ( ! revocation2 :e!r 
! evils x produc$ 7 n great] ?an ! good 
x propos$2 :e!r ^? :o recomm5d$ x w\ld  
n1 if furni%$ ) our exp]i5ce1 h wi%$ x  
_h nev] be5 c>ri$ into effect--are      
que/ions ( great importance & int]e/1 b 
=eign to ! purpose ( ?is pap]4          
,footnote #ahd3 ,politique tiree de     
l',ecriture ,sa9te1 livre vii4          
,footnote #ahe3 ,essai sur le ,g\v]nem5t
 civil1 tome xxii4  ,we h m ?an once    
allud$ to ,sa9t-,cyr1 & x is "t n[ to   
give "s acc\nt ( ! orig9 & nature ( t   
noble in/itution1 :i* p]i%$ ) ! mon>*y &
 old ari/ocracy ( ,france1 on :i* x     
dep5d$1 & ( :i* x 0 a support4 ,l mo/   
o!r great works1 its beg9n+s 7 small4   
,be=e ,madame de ,ma9t5on 0 rais$ s ne> 
! ?rone1 %e us$ (t5 to meet at ! ,*ateau
 de ,mont*evreuil an ,ursul9e si/] nam$ 

,madame de ,br9on1 ^: conv5t _h be5     
ru9$4 ,devot$ to ! "w ( education1 ?is  
lady sp5t h] days 9 giv+ in/ruction to  
"s *ildr5 9 ! village4 ,h] res\rces be+ 
v l[1 ,madame de ,ma9t5on intru/$ h] ) !
 c>e ( sev]al *ildr5 :om %e *>itably    
ma9ta9$1 & (t5 visit$ !m & _! mi/ress1  
fir/ at ,rueil1 & aft]w>d at ,noisy1 :]e
 ! k+ plac$ a *ateau at h] disposal1 &  
enabl$ h] to enl>ge ! e/abli%m5t4 ,!    
daught]s ( poor g5tlem5 7 !n admitt$ to 
! s*ool4 ,! k+1 return+ f ! *ase "o day1
 paid !m an unexpect$ visit1 & 0 s      
pleas$ ) all he saw t ,madame de        
,ma9t5on _h little difficulty 9 induc+  
him to ext5d 8 royal patronage mu*      
fur!r1 & provide means :]eby two hundr$ 
& fifty "y ladies1 ( noble bir? & poor  
=tunes1 might be in/ruct$1 clo!d1 & f$1 
f ! age ( sev5 or twelve ye>s to tw5ty4 
,! doma9 ( ,sa9t-,cyr 0 pur*as$2 &      
twelve "y p]sons belong+ to !           
e/abli%m5t1 & de/9$ = ! mo/ "p to a     
religi\s life1 7 select$ z mi/resses to 
direct ! l>g] in/itution4 ,!y ent]$ on  

_! duties aft] a noviciate ( n9e mon?s1 
& 7 call$ ,dames de ,sa9t ,l\is4 ,_! v[s
 7 simple1 _h ref]5ce to ! purpose 9 h&1
 & 7 n b9d+ = life4 ,! "y ladies 7      
nom9at$ by ! k+1 & 7 requir$ to prove _!
 pov]ty & f\r degrees ( nobility on !   
fa!r's side4 ,! f9al transf] ( ! rev5ues
 ( ! abbey ( ,/4 ,d5is to ! e/abli%m5t (
 ,sa9t-,cyr 0 n approv$ by ! ,holy ,see 
till aft] "s ye>s1 9 consequ5ce ( !     
dispute exi/+ betwe5 ,l\is & ! c\rt (   
,rome4 ,9 #afhi1 h[ev]1 ,alex&] ,,viii4 
=mally au?oriz$ ! f\ndation1 & 9 !      
,febru>y ( ! next ye> address$ a        
suitable brief to ,madame de ,ma9t5on1  
express+ ! w>m int]e/ he felt 9 h]      
und]tak+4 ,madame de ,br9on 0 elect$    
sup]ior = life1 b1 z %e did n altoge!r  
second ! designs ( ! f\ndress1 relax$ ! 
rules1 & introduc$ amusem5ts :i* 7 ?\ght
 too worldly1 a *ange became necess>y4  
,x 0 n )\t mu* pati5ce on ! "p ( ,madame
 de ,ma9t5on t ! difficulties 7 at la/  
ov]come4 ,madame de ,mont*evreuil1 _!   
mutual fri5d1 0 *>g$ ) a lettre de ca*et

 by :i* ! k+ comm&$ ,madame de ,br9on to
 quit #had ,sa9t-,cyr4 ,%e retir$ to !  
abbey ( ,maubisson1 ( :i* ! ,pr9cess    
,l\isa ( ,hanov] 0 abbess1 & !re pass$ !
 rema9d] ( h] days 9 honorable          
retirem5t1 & 9 ! enjoym5t ( a small     
p5sion4 ,%e 0 fond ( great p]sonages1 & 
( play+ an important "p1 & ?is feel+ l$ 
to h] becom+ ! int]m$i>y betwe5         
,leibnitz & ,bossuet1 9 a correspond5ce 
:i* aim$ at ! reunion ( ,ca?olics &     
,prote/ants1 & :i*1 z might h be5       
expect$1 produc$ no results4  ,aft]     
,madame de ,br9on's dep>ture1 ,madame de
 ,ma9t5on devot$ h]self m & m to h]     
important ent]prise4 ,z ! "y ladies 7   
educat$ = home & ! _w1 n ! cloi/]1 !y 7 
indulg$ occasionally ) dramatic         
repres5tations4 ,?is gave rise to two ( 
,rac9e's f9e/ pieces4 ,hav+ be5 reque/$ 
by ,madame de ,ma9t5on to inv5t "s moral
 or hi/orical poem 9 dialogue1 f :i*    
love %\ld be exclud$1 he produc$ ,e/h]1 
:i* 0 fir/ act$ at ,sa9t-,cyr 9 #afhi1 9
 pres5ce ( ! k+4 ,8 maje/y 0 *>m$2 !    

pr9ce wept4 ,rac9e _h nev] writt5 any?+ 
f9]1 or m t\*+4 ,e/h]'s pray] to        
,assu]us transport$ ! audi5ce4 ,madame  
de ,sevigne only lam5t$ t a little girl 
p]sonat$ t great k+4 ,num]\s            
repres5tations foll[$1 & cr[ds ( eag]   
spectators1 c\rti]s1 ecclesia/ics1      
lit]ati1 & religi\s sat beside ! ex-k+ &
 que5 ( ,engl&1 to he> ! pure & h>moni\s
 v]ses ( ,rac9e recit$ by ! "y1 !       
innoc5t1 & ! beautiful1 to ! ri*e/ &    
s(te/ music ,moreau c\ld compose4 ,?is  
success 0 b ! =]unn] ( a /ill great]4   
,at ! reque/ ( ,l\is1 ,rac9e wrote ano!r
 trag$y ! foll[+ ye>--viz41 ,a?alie2 9 !
 op9ion ( ,fr5* critics ! mo/ p]fect (  
all trag$ies4 ,b ! excitem5t att5d+ !   
play ( ,e/h] _h be5 too great to all[ ( 
a r5ewal ( ! exp]im5t4 ,! com$y1 z x 0  
call$1 ( ,a?alie 0 p]=m$ !re=e by ! blue
 class1 )\t /age or co/ume1 9 pres5ce   
only ( ! k+1 ,madame de ,ma9t5on1 ,james
 ,,ii41 & six or sev5 o!r p]sons1 among 
:om 0 ,f5elon4  ,9 ! mid/ ( su*         
amusem5ts1 pride & frivolity crept into 

,sa9t-,cyr1 & ,madame de ,ma9t5on became
 conv9c$ t %e _h all[$ its pupils m     
fre$om ?an !y c\ld enjoy )\t abuse4     
,re=m 0 indisp5sable4 ,! ,dames de ,sa9t
 ,l\is took mona/ic v[s "u ! rule ( ,/4 
,augu/94 ,no ef=t 0 sp>$ to inculcate   
piety & make religion lov$4 ,bossuet &  
,f5elon 7 frequ5tly invit$ to address ! 
"y p4 ,"o ( ! s]mons ?us deliv]$ is f\nd
 9 ! works ( ,bossuet1 b ! orig9al      
manuscript is said to be 9 ! h&writ+ ( !
 ,ar*bi%op ( ,cambray4 ,x be>s1 9 fact1 
! impress ( _! tw(old g5ius1 b ! pa?os (
 its /yle /amps x z m peculi>ly !       
production ( ,f5elon4  ,footnote #hf    
,footnote #ahf3 ,duc de ,noailles1 tome 
iii41 p4 #adj4  ,! ,duc de ,sa9t-,simon1
 incapable ( ma/]+ ideas ( a religi\s   
ord]1 c>ps & je]s at ,madame de ,ma9t5on
 z "o :o ?\ght h]self an univ]sal       
abbess4 ,^? :o c>efully exam9e ! annals 
( ,sa9t-,cyr1 & weigh ! difficulties t  
arose f ! v>i\s *>act]s ( ! sup]iors    
*os51 ! t5d5cy at "o "t to relax & at   
ano!r to ov]/ra9 ! religi\s education ( 

! pupils1 w arrive at ! conclusion t few
 ladies 9 an exalt$ position1 & 9 ! mid/
 ( all t is mo/ worldly1 ev] possess$ s 
mu* ( t wise & lov+ _s ( gov]nm5t :i*   
%\ld di/+ui% an abbess1 z ! wife1 fri5d1
 companion1 & c\nsellor ( ,l\is ,,xiv4  
,"o might almo/ say t ,sa9t-,cyr 0 !    
passion ( h] life4 ,:5 at ,v]sailles %e 
w5t !re daily1 & (t5 arriv$ at six 9 !  
morn+4 ,! "y ladies1 sc>cely yet awake1 
_h ! joy ( see+ h] belov$ & #hae rev]$  
figure among !m 9 ! sleep+ ap>tm5ts2 &  
%e frequ5tly help$ to dress ! little    
ones & comb _! hair1 ) unaffect$ &      
mat]nal k9dness4 ,! unremitt+ att5tion  
%e gave to ! e/abli%m5t 0 soon rew>d$1 &
 its b5eficial effects on society 7     
plac$ beyond all d\bt4 ,! pupils &      
mi/resses alike ( ,sa9t-,cyr 7 held 9   
great e/eem1 & _m ( !m1 scatt]$ ?r\gh ! 
k+dom1 fill$ important educational &    
conv5tual po/s2 :ile 9 ,hung>y1 ,au/ria1
 ,russia1 & ! ,milanese1 in/itutions 7  
=m$ on its model4 ,by int]e/+ ! k+ 9 its
 details1 & induc+ him to visit x v (t51

 ,madame de ,ma9t5on p>tly secur$ ! o!r 
great aim ( h] exi/5ce1 namely1 8       
amusem5t4  ,( all ! errors t h1 f "t to 
"t1 ins9uat$ !mselves into ! m9ds (     
,ca?olics1 none has worn a m plausible &
 poetic aspect ?an ,quietism4 ,x crept  
into ,sa9t-,cyr "u ! auspices ( ,madame 
de la ,maison=t1 a p]son ( a peculi>ly  
imag9ative & my/ic temp]am5t4 ,%e       
disc\rs$ ) l flu5cy ) ,rac9e & ,f5elon1 
& always appe>$ brimful ( intellig5ce & 
devotional feel+s4 ,madame de ,ma9t5on  
_h receiv$ h] z a fri5d1 & hail$ )      
delight h] resolution to adopt a        
religi\s habit & become "o ( ! ,dames de
 ,sa9t ,l\is4 ,%e made h] pr(ession 9   
#afib1 & by mod]at+ h] vivacity = a "t  
deceiv$ o!rs1 & p]haps h]self also4     
,errors ak9 to ^? ( ,mol9os 7 !n spread+
 fa/1 & ,madame ,guyon1 _! *ief         
propag&i/1 happ5$ to be a relation (    
,madame de la ,maison=t4 ,:5 ! =m] lady 
0 arre/$ = ! fir/ "t 9 #afhh1 h]        
k9swoman & ,madame de ,ma9t5on int]c$$ =
 h]4 ,aft] ?is %e (t5 visit$ ,sa9t-,cyr1

 & gradually became intimate ) ! ladies 
engag$ 9 ! in/itution4 ,h] manuscripts 7
 eag]ly read1 & a *os5 few :o 7 fir/    
initiat$ 9 _! my/]ies inoculat$ o!rs ) !
 subtle poison1 until all ! novices1 "o 
confessor1 ! lay-si/]s1 & _m "u         
in/ruction1 ab&on+ !mselves1 z !y       
believ$1 to ! sole guidance ( ! ,holy   
,_s1 practic$ all k9ds ( my/ic devotion1
 talk$ incessantly ! pi\s j>gon (       
,quietism1 look$ d[n ^u ^? :o c\ld n    
embrace ! new t5ets1 & /rangely =got _! 
v[s ( ob$i5ce to sup]iors4 ,no?+ 0 he>d 
b ! praises ( pure love1 holy           
indiff]5ce1 inactive contemplation1     
passive pray]1 & t entire ab&onm5t (    
"o's self to ,god :i* exempts u f c>+   
ab\t any?+1 & ev5 f be+ anxi\s ab\t our 
own salvation4  ,footnote #ahg ,f5elon1 
by 8 intimacy ) ,madame ,guyon1 ^:      
director he 01 l5t life & vigor to ^!   
extravagant ideas4    ,footnote #ahg3   
,madame ,guyon h]self dis[n$ _m ( !     
mon/r\s   conclusions ( ! ,quieti/s1    
:ile h] own op9ions 7 9 excess   ( ^? ( 

,f5elon4  ,8 elevation to ! see (       
,cambray1 9 #afie1 0 reg>d$ by !m z !   
triumph ( _! cause1 & ,sa9t-,cyr bade   
fair to rival ,port ,royal z a /ronghold
 ( suspect$ t5ets4 ,b episcopal au?ority
 int]f]$ at la/1 & ?r\gh ! remon/rances 
( ! ,bi%op ( ,*>tres1 ,madame ,guyon 0  
dismiss$1 & h] books 7 =bidd54 ,%e      
cont9u$1 h[ev]1 to correspond ) !       
inmates ( ,sa9t-,cyr2 & :51 9 ,decemb]1 
#afie1 %e 0 imprison$ anew1 !y exhort$  
ea* o!r to rema9 firm & endure ! com+   
p]secution4 ,bossuet himself1 at !      
reque/ ( ,madame de ,ma9t5on1 n[ fully  
alive to ! dang]1 came to assi/ 9       
ext+ui%+ ! nasc5t error1 :ile ,f5elon1  
on ! contr>y1 def5d$ 8 own & ,madame    
,guyon's op9ions f :at he consid]$ to be
 exagg]at$ *>ges1 & wrote 8 fam\s       
,maximes des ,sa9ts 9 opposition to     
,bossuet's ,etats d' ,oraison4 ,x is a  
"q :e!r ,bossuet 0 n l$1 9 ! zeal ( 8   
antagonism1 to make indef5sible /atem5ts
 ( a diff]5t t5d5cy4 ,f5elon1 9 fact1   
*>g$ him ) s do+1 & ! _s #haf display$  

by ! ,bi%op ( ,meaux 9 def5d+ himself & 
prosecut+ ! condemnation ( 8 =m] fri5d1 
does n pres5t ! mo/ pleas+ incid5t 9 !  
great ,bossuet's c>e]4 ,p]haps ,f5elon  
has won m glory by 8 ready & humble     
submission to ! ultimate decision ( !   
,holy ,see ?an has ,bossuet by 8 zeal 9 
procur+ a j c5sure on ,f5elon's errors4 
,! temp] & ability ) :i* ,f5elon plead$ 
8 cause began to enli/ public op9ion 9 8
 favor4 ,he utt]ly disclaim$ all        
p>ticipation 9 ! errors ( ,quietism1 &  
said he c\ld easily h calm$ ! heat$ m9ds
 ( ! si/]s ( ,sa9t-,cyr1 & h br\ght !m 9
 all docility "u _! bi%op's yoke4       
,footnote #ahh ,b ,bossuet invok$ !     
au?ority ( ! k+1 ! decision ( 8 bro!r   
prelates1 & ! judgm5t ( ! ,holy ,see4 ,!
 ,bi%op ( ,*>tres1 on mak+ a p]sonal    
inquiry into ! /ate ( ?+s1 requir$ t n  
only ,madame ,guyon's writ+s1 b ^? (    
,f5elon himself1 %\ld be deliv]$ into 8 
h&s4 ,:atev] ! m]its ( ! "q 9 o!r       
respects1 & :atev] op9ion may be =m$ ( !
 respective tea*+ ( ^! two great m51 !re

 c be no d\bt t ! ,maximes des ,sa9ts _h
 fo/]$ prevail+ errors4 ,! k+ express$  
great displeasure at ! c\rse ev5ts _h   
tak51 & by a lettre de ca*et 9 #afih    
ord]$ ,madame de la ,maison=t & ano!r   
lady to quit ! e/abli%m5t1 & all o!r    
infect$ p]sons to be remov$4 ,!y pass$ !
 night 9 te>s 9 ! sup]ior's ap>tm5t2 & !
 next day ,madame de ,ma9t5on come to   
console ! community = _! loss4 ,if %e   
err$ at all ?r\gh\t ?is p]plex+ affair1 
x 0 by ov]-indulg5ce & by =be>+ too     
long4 ,:5 h] duty became cle> &         
imp]ative1 %e 0 nev] undecid$1 nor %[$  
any incl9ation to enc\rage novelties 9  
religion4    ,footnote #ahh3 ,duc de    
,noailles1 tome iii41 p4 #bda4  ,a      
hi/ory ( ,madame de ,ma9t5on1 h[ev]     
detail$1 mu/ always be want+ 9 ^?       
p]sonal traits :i* di/+ui% mo/ /rik+    
biographies1 & ?is = ! simple reason t  
h] habits & disposition 7 retir+1 & h]  
daily ef=t 0 to ?r[ a veil ov] h]self4  
,t h] influ5ce 9 ! long run 0 enhanc$ by
 ?is mode/y1 no "o c d\bt2 yet x is n on

 t acc\nt ! less true1 t 9 ! sc5es ?r\gh
 :i* %e pass$ x is difficult to seize & 
depict h] individually4 ,we mu/1        
nev]!less1 endeavor to give "s idea ( h]
 relations ) ! royal family1 by "s ( :om
 %e 0 belov$1 by o!rs hat$1 & by all    
held 9 high consid]ation4 ,monsieur1 !  
k+'s bro!r1 lik$ & respect$ h] = ,l\is' 
sake1 to :om he 0 s9c]ely atta*$2 b x 0 
f> o!rwise ) ,madame4 ,a ,bav>ian by    
bir?1 %e 0 completely ,g]man 9 h] ta/es1
 & 9 ! mid/ ( ,p>isian spl5dor sigh$ =  
h] home beyond ! ,rh9e4 ,%e 01 %e said1 
a h]mit 9 a cr[d1 & pass$ h] days 9 utt]
 lonel9ess4 ,%e 0 a ,prote/ant at he>t1 
int5sely mascul9e1 & _h little sympa?y )
 ,madame de ,ma9t5on's quiet mode (     
life4 ,s fond 0 %e ( ! *ase1 t %e       
cont9u$ to foll[ x1 ?\gh %e _h be5 ?r[n 
f h] horse six-&-tw5ty times4 ,madame de
 ,ma9t5on 0 h] special av]sion1 & ?is   
antipa?y arose pr9cipally f h] national 
prejudices aga9/ unequal m>riages4 ,!   
k+'s wife 01 9 h] view1 an up/>t1 & !   
cr$it %e _h obta9$ at c\rt did n dim9i% 

?is impression4 ,%e spoke ) contempt (  
h] piety z m]e hypocrisy1 & laid to h]  
*>ge e species ( enormity4 ,%e _h p&]$  
to ! dauph9's pr(ligacy2 kill$ !        
dauph9ess by means ( h] acc\*eur2 l$ !  
"y ,du*ess ( ,b\rgogne into s92         
monopoliz$ corn dur+ a fam9e to enri*   
h]self2 & nev] dream$ ( any?+ b h] own  
pleasures & ambition2 %e _h poison$     
,l\vois &1 nobody knew :y1 ! ar*itect   
,mans>t2 %e1 ) ,p]e #hag la ,*aise1 _h  
in/igat$ ! p]secution ( ! ,prote/ants2  
%e _h set fire to ! *ateau ( ,luneville2
 &1 f h] retreat at ,sa9t-,cyr1 fom5t$  
conspiracies aga9/ ! reg5t6 ,truly !    
poison ( asps 0 "u ! lips ( ,madame     
,elizabe? ( ,bav>ia4 ,! dauph9ess1 on ! 
o!r h&1 neglect$ by h] dissolute husb&1 
made ,madame de ,ma9t5on h] fri5d1 &    
f\nd consolation 9 p\r+ h] tr\bles into 
h] e>1 & li/5+ 9 return to h] sage &    
t5d] c\nsels4 ,aft] t5 ye>s ( sickness &
 sorr[ 9 h] m>ri$ life1 %e di$ (        
consumption 9 #afij4 ,see1 said ! k+ to 
h] unwor?y p>tn]1 :at ! gr&eur ( ?is _w 

comes to6 ,?is is :at awaits y & me4    
,god grant u ! grace to die z holily z  
%e has done6  ,! pages ( ,fr5* hi/ory   
pres5t few pictures m replete ) gr&eur &
 int]e/ ?an ! retreat ( ! great ,conde  
at ,*antilly4 ,cr[n$ ) ! laurels ( a    
hundr$ victories1 ! pr9cely vet]an !re  
ga!r$ ar\nd him a m di/+ui%$ /aff ?an _h
 ev] sat 9 8 c\ncils ( w>--m5 :o1 endu$ 
) intellectual might & moral greatness1 
7 to a*ieve la/+ conque/s 9 ! realm (   
m9d4 ,pr(\ndly skill$ himself 9 hi/ory1 
philosophy1 art1 sci5ce1 & ev5 !ology1  
he lov$ to ent]ta9 ^? :o1 9 v>i\s ways1 
_h devot$ _! lives to ! triumph ( k &   
reflection ov] ignorance & s5suality4   
,all t 0 noble/ 9 bir? & cultivat$ 9 m9d
 met toge!r 9 8 orang]ies1 & saunt]$    
among 8 g>d5s & f\nta9s4 ,!re ! mo/     
em95t prelates ( _! "t 7 se5 side by    
side ) ! greate/ dramati/s1 hi/orians1 &
 poets4 ,!re 0 ,fle*i] & ,fleury2 !re   
,la ,fonta9e1 ,boileau1 & ,moli]e2 !re  
,rap9 & ,huet1 ,la ,bruy]e & ,bossuet4  
,!re wit sp>kl$ & wisdom %one z         

incessantly z ! jets & cascades t rose &
 fell 9 light & music by night & day4   
,?i!r came (t5 ! entire c\rt1 & ) x     
,madame de ,ma9t5on1 a /> among />s1    
brilliant b retir+1 to enhance ! glory (
 ! illu/ri\s & ag$ *ief4 ,!re1 honor$ by
 ! k+ & closet$ ) him daily1 z at       
,v]sailles & else:]e1 %e c\ld n fail to 
receive ! will+ homage ( e memb] ( !    
h\se ( ,conde4 ,!re1 too1 aft] ! g5]al's
 dea?1 %e saw h] =m] pupil1 ! k+'s      
daught]1 ,mademoiselle de ,nantes1      
esp\s$ to ,conde's gr&son2 & ?us1 z "t  
w5t on1 %e wat*$ ! c>e] ( ^? :om %e _h  
educat$1 & :o =m$ ! m noble alliances   
because ! k+ _h rais$ !m to ! rank (    
royal pr9cesses4 ,nev] did any lady     
occupy a m rem>kable & 9 "s respects a m
 enviable position ?an h]self4 ,!re nev]
 0 a case l x1 says ,madame de ,sevigne1
 & !re nev] w be su* a "o aga94 ,%e     
unit$ ! mo/ opposite conditions4 ,by h] 
union ) ,l\is %e 0 all b que51 & by h]  
admirable tact ex]t$ ov] /ate affairs a 
f> great] influ5ce ?an belongs 9 g5]al  

to a sov]eign's consort4 ,%e _h be5 !   
s]vant ( t v k+ ( :om %e 0 n[ !         
helpmate2 a wise in/ructress to 8       
*ildr51 & a "m 9 h] affection & c>e4 ,at
 "o mom5t %e 0 act+ abbess1 controll+ ! 
complicat$ irregul>ities :i* _h crept   
into ! religi\s & secul> economy (      
,sa9t-,cyr1 & at ano!r %e 0 m$iat+ z    
peace-mak] 9 ! family qu>rels & petty   
jeal\sies ( pamp]$ c\rti]s1 or by h]    
sage c\nsels arre/+ ! ravages ( w>1 &   
rescu+ h>mless populations f ! sc\rge ( 
fire & sword4 ,*ildr5 lov$ to he> h]    
voice1 & hung ^u h] smiles2 ! poor &    
afflict$ 7 fa9 to t\* ! hem ( h] g>m5t1 
= !y felt t virtue w5t =? f h]2 none 7 s
 great z to look d[n ^u h]2 none s l[ly 
z to ?9k t %e despis$ !m4 ,h] sov]eignty
 ov] o!rs 0 t to :i* m5 r5d] ! mo/ will+
 ob$i5ce--! sov]eignty1 n m]ely ( /ation
 or #hah intellect1 b ( "* ( /]l+ wor?1 
( wisdom le>n$ 9 ! s*ool ( suff]+1 (    
virtue tri$ l gold 9 ! fire4  ,z ,madame
 de ,ma9t5on's tal5ts & m]its prev5t$ h]
 be+ lo/ 9 a cr[d ( c\rti]s1 or 9 any   

way id5tifi$ ) !m1 s1 on ! o!r h&1 h]   
affectionate disposition kept h] f be+  
isolat$ & clos+ h]self r\nd aga9/ any   
intrusion ( private fri5d%ip4 ,s f> f x1
 %e _h ) h] a select gr\p ( ladies :o 7 
call$ h] famili>s1 :o %>$ ) h]1 9 a     
measure1 ! k+'s intimacy1 accompani$ h] 
9 h] walks & drives at ,m>ly1 & 7 h]    
gue/s at ! d9n]s & supp]s %e gave at    
,v]sailles & ,trianon4 ,!y 7 9 "s sort  
h] ladies ( honor1 ?\gh1 l h]self1 )\t  
any visible di/9ction4 ,( ^! ! pr9cipal 
7 ,madame de ,mont*evreuil & ,madame    
d',heudic\rt1 bo? old fri5ds1 & ) !m n9e
 o!rs1 among :om 7 h] two nieces1       
,mesdames de ,mailly & de ,caylus4 ,to  
ea* ( ^! a hi/ory atta*es2 = ! con/ant  
companions ( s extraord9>y a woman c\ld 
n b h special attractions & rem>kable   
qualities4 ,!re 7 9 ?is numb] ^? :o _h  
drunk deeply ( ! intoxicat+ cup (       
worldly pleasure1 & hav+ dra9$ its      
poison\s dregs1 ?ir/$ = ! f\nta9 ( liv+ 
wat]s4 ,x 0 ,madame de ,ma9t5on's       
especial c>e to enc\rage su* fri5ds 9 _!

 heav5ly aspirations1 & lead !m1 9 !    
mid/ ( ! c\rt1 to ent] ! devotional     
life4 ,(t5 %e call$ ! f]v5t ,f5elon to  
h] assi/ance1 & 8 lett]s address$ to    
,madame de ,grammont are a la/+ pro( ( !
 read9ess ) :i* he answ]$ to ! call4    
,if1 z all h] contempor>ies assure u1 x 
0 impossible to comb9e m t 0 pleas+ &   
solid 9 conv]sation ?an did ,madame de  
,ma9t5on--if1 9 h] case1 reason1 z      
,f5elon express$ x1 spoke by ! lips ( ! 
,graces--h[ admirable mu/ %e h appe>$ :5
 %e direct$ h] p[]s ( p]suasion to !    
highe/ & mo/ bless$ ( all ends6 ,nei!r  
p5 nor p5cil c adequately recall ! *>ms 
:i* surr\nd$ h]2 b ! captive he>t (     
,l\is & ! unanim\s voice ( ! ri*e/ & mo/
 lett]$ c\rt 9 ,europe atte/ _! reality 
& p[]4 ,9 h] ceaseless ef=ts to amuse ! 
k+1 8 immortal int]e/s 7 nev] lo/ sight 
(2 & if %e spoke to him comp>atively    
seldom on ! subject1 x 0 because x      
occupi$ all h] ?\ghts4 ,out ( !         
abundance ( ! he>t ! lips are (t5 mute4 
,9 #afhf ,l\is suff]$ extreme pa9 &     

incurr$ great dang] f a tumor1 :i* at   
la/ requir$ an op]ation4 ,?is           
circum/ance br\ght ,madame de ,ma9t5on's
 capacity = nurs+ into full play4 ,x 0  
%e :o wat*$ by 8 b$side1 & alleviat$ !  
suff]+s ( ! nation's idol4 ,! surg]y ( t
 day 0 wret*$1 & ! op]ation = fi/ula :i*
 _h to be p]=m$ 0 att5d$ ) great dang]4 
,int5se solicitude prevail$ ?r\gh !     
c\ntry2 =1 9 spite ( all ef=ts to prev5t
 anxiety1 ! report spread rapidly t !   
k+'s life 0 9 p]il4 ,! *ur*es 7 ?rong$1 
& ! p's atta*m5t f\nd v5t 9 pray]4 ,!   
royal pati5t alone 0 unmov$4 ,! gr&e    
op]ation1 z x 0 call$1 _h be5 decid$ on 
six weeks previ\sly1 & ! ev5+ be=e x 0  
to take place he walk$ 9 8 g>d5s z      
usual1 & !n slept s\ndly ?r\gh ! night1 
z if no?+ 7 to happ54 ,on wak+ he       
comm5d$ himself to ,god1 & submitt$ to !
 pa9ful op]ation ) ! utmo/ coolness4    
,l\vois held 8 h&1 & ,madame de ,ma9t5on
 0 9 ! room4 ,9 ! aft]noon he s5t = 8   
m9i/]s1 & cont9u$ to hold c\ncils daily1
 ?\gh ! surgeon's knife cruelly r5ew$ ! 

incisions sev]al times4 ,x is 9 ,god1   
wrote ,madame de ,ma9t5on1 t we mu/     
place our tru/2 = m5 "k n :at !y say1   
nor :at !y d4 ,! f\rte5 physicians (    
#hai ,*>les ,,ii4 7 /ill m unskilful 9 8
 la/ illness1  ,footnote #ahi & ju/ify  
equally ! op9ion ( ! ,nor!rn ,f>m]3     
,doctors1 !y knaws n[t1 = a says :at's  
nawways true3   ,naw soort a' ko9d o'   
use to saaey ! ?+s t a d4    ,footnote  
#ahi3 ,! k+ 0 9 a *air--!y _h plac$ a   
hot iron   on 8 head1 & !y held 8 tee?  
op5 by =ce4 ,agnes   ,/rickl&'s ,lives (
 ! ,que5s ( ,engl&2 vol4 viii41 p4 #ddg4
    ,a loa?some volatile salt1 extract$ 
f human skulls1 0 =c$   into 8 m\?4     
,macaulay's ,hi/ory ( ,engl&1 *ap4 iv44 
#afhe4  ,9 ! case ( ,l\is1 h[ev]1 !     
op]ator ,felix answ]$ to 8 "n4 ,a cure 0
 effect$1 & ! k+dom 0 fill$ )           
demon/rations ( joy4 ,e "o1 z ,madame de
 ,ma9t5on wrote1 0 9 raptures4 ,fa!r    
,b\rdal\e prea*$ a mo/ beautiful s]mon4 
,t[>d ! close he address$ ! k+4 ,he     
spoke to him ( 8 heal?1 8 love = 8 p1 & 

! fe>s ( 8 c\rt4 ,he caus$ _m te>s to be
 %$2 he %$ !m himself4 ,x 0 8 he>t t    
spoke1 & he t\*$ all he>ts4 ,y "k well  
:at ,i mean4 ,aft] d9+ ) ! citiz5s (    
,p>is at ! ,hotel de ,ville1 ,l\is drove
 ?r\gh e qu>t] amid ! l\de/             
acclamations4 ,! k+1 wrote 8 wife aga91 
has nev] be5 9 su* a good humor z s9ce  
he has witness$ ! en?usia/ic love !     
capital be>s t[>d him4 ,i v mu* l 8     
s5tim5ts3 p]haps !y w inspire him ) !   
design ( reliev+ 8 p4 ,absolute z !     
sov]eignty ( ,l\is 01 8 subjects        
delight$ 9 8 rule4 ,he 0 ! la/ ( a long 
l9e :o1 c5tury aft] c5tury1 _h =m$ !    
nation out ( ! confusion ( feudal times1
 & _h1 ( all k+s1 ! be/ "r to say1 if   
inde$ he ev] did say1  ,footnote #aij   
,l'etat1 c'e/ moi6    ,footnote #aij3   
,see ,duc de ,noailles1 tome iii41 p4   
#ffh4  ,9 him ! /ate 0 summ$ up1 & !    
k+dom 0 imp]sonat$ 9 him4 ,! soldi]     
expir+ on ! battlefield cri$ ,vive le   
roi6 & vessels h gone d[n at sea ) !    
entire crew %\t+ ! same words2 = ,vive  

le roi6 01 9 _! m9ds1 equival5t to ,vive
 la ,france6 ,! gov]nm5t ( ,l\is ,,xiv41
 ?\gh despotic1 01 on ! :ole1 m>k$ by   
mod]ation1 p>ticul>ly aft] ! dea? (     
,l\vois2 & if sometimes1 s$uc$ by !     
glory ( =eign conque/s & ! love ( regal 
display he =got ! int]e/s ( 8 p & !     
mis]y 8 magnific5ce entail$ on !m1      
,madame de ,ma9t5on 0 always ne> to     
c\nt]act ! arrogant m9i/]1 urge c\nsels 
( peace1 & heal ! ble$+ w\nds ( a loyal 
population4 ,yet %e 0 f> f be+ a m$dl+  
politician1 ,h] advice 0 n (f]$1 b ask$4
 ,%e ab/a9$ f ent]+ into details1 &     
conf9$ h]self to g5]al sugge/ions ( a   
moral "*1 dictat$ by consci5ce1 n       
ambition4 ,if %e guid$1 or1 r1 g5tly    
dispos$1 ! k+ to ?is or t measure1 %e 0 
9 turn guid$ h]self4 ,h] correspond5ce )
 ! ,abbe ,gobel91 ,f5elon1 & ! ,bi%op ( 
,*>tres suffici5tly proves t h] highe/  
ambition 0 to be a s]vant ( ,god4 ,t    
,rac9e1 ( :om %e 0 ! fri5d & patroness1 
%\ld extol h] 9 8 v]se  ,footnote #aia  
is n surpris+2 b ! satiri/ ,boileau1 be 

x rememb]$1 0 no less h] eulogi/4 ,if   
,byron's beautiful l9es on ,kirke ,:ite 
_h ! m weight because !y occurr$ 9 8 mo/
 bit+ satire1 some?+ ( ! same k9d may be
 said ( ,boileau's te/imony to ,madame  
de ,ma9t5on3    ,footnote #aia3 ,e/h]1  
act ii41 sc5e vii4    ,j'en sais une1   
*]ie et du monde et de ,dieu2   ,humble 
dans les gr&eurs1 sage dana la =tune3   
,qui gemit comme ,e/h] de sa gloire     
importune2   ,que le vice lui-meme e/   
contra9t d'e/im]1   ,et que1 sur ce     
tableau1 d'abord tu sais nonm]4         
,footnote #aib    ,footnote #aib3 ,i "k 
"o belov$ ( ,god & man1 :o is humble 9  
h] gr&eur & wise 9 h] good =tune2 :o    
groans l ,e/h]   ov] h] try+ glory2 :om 
vice itself is compell$ to respect2 &   
:om1 on see+ ?is picture1 y w "n 9 an   
in/ant4 ,satire   ,x4  ,! ,duc de       
,noailles is n ! only memb] ( ! ,fr5*   
,academy :o has aris5 ( late ye>s to    
refute ! calumnies ( ,sa9t-,simon4 ,m4  
,sa9t-,m>c ,gir>d9 has ably def5d$ !    
#hbj victim ( 8 malignity 9 ! ,j\rnal   

des ,debats1  ,footnote #aic &          
,messieurs ,rigault1 de ,pontm>t91      
,monty1 ,*asles1 & ,hocquet1 h pursu$   
successfully ! same g5]\s & equitable   
c\rse4    ,footnote #aic3 #d? & #af?    
,octob]1 #ahef4  ,:5 ,james ,,ii41 9    
,decemb]1 #afhh1 fl$ f 8 k+dom1 !       
sympa?ies ( m ?an half ! ,fr5* p 7      
enli/$ on 8 side4 ,ignorant ( ! ,briti% 
con/itution1 !y knew little ( ! p]il x  
_h incurr$ ?r\gh ! k+'s extraord9>y     
ext5sion ( ! disp5s+ p[]1 & !y saw 9 !  
l&+ & success ( ! ,pr9ce ( ,orange no?+ 
b a horrible dome/ic trag$y1 9 :i*1     
?r\gh p]sonal ambition & hatr$ ( ! true 
religion1 a ,ca?olic sov]eign 0 hurl$ f 
8 ?rone by an unnatural daught] &       
son-9-law4 ,!y jo9$1 !re=e1 )\t any     
misgiv+1 9 ! cordial reception giv5 to !
 royal fugitives by ,l\is1 & desir$ no?+
 s mu* z to make common cause ) !m1 &   
take v5geance on _! foes4 ,madame de    
,ma9t5on 0 n among ^? :o press$ ) all   
c]emony into ! pres5ce ( ! exil$ k+ &   
que52 b %e visit$ !m 9 private1 & 0     

receiv$ z became h] /ation4 ,!          
compassion %e felt = _! fate1 h]        
respectful address & ,*ri/ian           
consolations1 s won ^u ,m>y ,beatrice1 t
 a la/+ fri5d%ip 0 =m$ betwe5 ! que5 9  
"n1 n 9 reality1 & ! que5 9 reality1 n 9
 "n4 ,x cont9u$ )\t int]ruption dur+    
five-&-tw5ty ye>s1 & 0 cem5t$ by unity (
 s5tim5ts & mutual s]vices4 ,! ex-que5  
_h m>ri$ 9 h] fifte5? ye>1 & _h ov]come1
 by ! advice ( h] "m & ! ,pope1 h]      
desire to devote h]self to a religi\s   
life4  ,footnote #aid ,:atev] may h be5 
h] trials 9 a conv5t1 !y c\ld h>dly h   
equall$ ^? :i* befel h] z que54 ,a      
hundr$ & =ty-five ( h] lett]s to ,madame
 de ,ma9t5on are extant1 & ! read]s (   
,miss ,/rickl&'s ,lives are famili> ) ! 
,*aillot correspond5ce1 9 :i* ! desolate
 & sorr[ful que5 p\rs =? ! fulness ( h] 
s5sitive he>t1 & nev] tires ( express+  
h] love & e/eem = t rem>kable fri5d :om 
,provid5ce has l$ across h] ?orny pa?4  
,(t5 ,madame de ,ma9t5on repair$ to     
,sa9t-,g]ma9 to visit h]1 & /ill m      

frequ5tly ! latt] came to ,v]sailles to 
see ,madame de ,ma9t5on4 ,x 0 "s relief 
to escape = a "t f t d[nca/1 dre>y c\rt 
9 exile1 :]e a cr[d ( poor b fai?ful    
foll[]s ga!r$ ar\nd a ma/] equally      
wrong-head$ & un=tunate4 ,! semblance ( 
royalty :i* 0 !re kept up only increas$ 
! sadness ( ! place1 & fo/]$ ^?         
jeal\sies1 intrigues1 & cabals ( :i* a  
bani%$ c\rt is s (t5 ! p>5t & victim4   
,footnote #aid3 ,duc de ,noailles1 tome 
iv41 p4 #bca4  ,a p[]ful coalition1 9 ! 
creation ( :i* ! ,pr9ce ( ,orange 0 !   
*ief ag5t1 _h long be5 m5ac+ ,france1 & 
0 n[ actually =m$4 ,l\is f\nd himself   
oppos$ to ! great] "p ( ,europe1 = !    
,emp]or ,leopold1 ! ,g]manic & ,batavian
 f$]ations1 ! k+s ( ,spa9 & ,sw$51 & !  
,pope himself1 oblig$ to act on !       
def5sive1 adh]$ to ! league ( ,augsburg4
 ,footnote #aie    ,footnote #aie3 ,duc 
de ,noailles1 p4 #bec4   ,?ree p[]ful   
armies 7 s5t by ! k+ ( ,france to ! seat
 ( w>4 ,! mission ( "o ( !m 0 to capture
 ,philipsburg2 & f ! camp be=e t        

/ronghold ! k+'s bro!r wrote _m lett]s  
to ,madame de ,ma9t5on1 describ+ !      
op]ations 9 progress4 ,! ,duc du ,ma9e  
also1 once h] pupil1 & n[ 9 8 eighte5?  
ye>1 wrote to h] f "t to "t1 & receiv$  
?ankfully ! advice %e (f]$ him ) all a  
"m's solicitude4 ,! second ( ! ?ree     
armies 0 *>g$ ) ! deva/ation ( !        
,palat9ate1 & fulfill$ ! "p assign$ x ) 
di/ress+ precision4 ,if its soil 0 n to 
supply ! ,fr5*1 x mu/ #hba furni% n\ght 
to ! ,g]mans4 ,x 0 a p]fect g>d51 &     
,duras receiv$ ord]s to r$uce x to a    
wild]ness4 ,half a million ( human be+s 
7 w>n$ t 9 ?ree days _! h\ses w\ld be   
burn$ & _! fields laid wa/e4 ,fi]cely ! 
flames w5t up f city & hamlet1 & !      
fugitives sank ) fatigue & hung] 9 !    
sn[1 or1 escap+ beyond ! bord]s1 fill$ !
 t[ns ( ,europe ) squalid begg>y4 ,e    
or*>d 0 hewn d[n1 e v9e & almond tree 0 
de/roy$4 ,! ca/le ( ! ,elector ,palat9e 
0 a heap ( ru9s2 ! /ones ( ,manheim 7   
hurl$ into ! ,rh9e4 ,! ca!dral ( ,spires
 & ! m>ble sepul*res ( eight ,caes>s 7  

no m2 & ! fair city ( ,treves 0 doom$ to
 ! same cruel fate4 ,x 0 "t = ! voice ( 
m]cy to speak4 ,m>%al ,duras _h already 
writt5 to ,l\vois1 ,footnote #aif to    
remon/rate aga9/ ! b>b>\s ord]s he 0    
compell$ to execute1 & ,madame de       
,ma9t5on h]self is said to h int]c$$ )  
,l\is = ! suff]+ p ( ! ,rh9e4 ,! ,duc de
 ,noailles1 inde$1 does n /ate ?is1 l   
,macaulay1  ,footnote #aig z matt] (    
hi/ory1 ?\gh he all[s t x is probably   
true2 & ?is v>iety 9 ! views ( ! two    
hi/orians1 ea* anxi\s to d ju/ice 9 ?is 
p>ticul> to ! k+'s wife1 proves h[      
difficult x is = ev5 ! mo/ sagaci\s &   
unprejudic$ writ]s to arrive at ! exact 
tru? 9 ref]5ce to bygone days4 ,macaulay
 is c]ta9ly incl9$ to attribute to      
,madame de ,ma9t5on a mu* l>g] measure (
 political p[] ?an %e really ex]cis$2 & 
x is curi\s to obs]ve ! *a9 ( pure      
assumptions by :i*1 hav+ tak5 x = grant$
 t %e gov]n$ ,l\is1 he arrives at !     
conclusion t %e induc$ him to recognize 
! ,pret5d] z ,james ,,iii4   ,footnote  

#aih ,9 a lett] writt5 ,footnote #aii   
soon aft] ! tak+ ( ,philipsburg1 %e     
seems to disclaim all active int]f]5ce 9
 /ate affairs4 ,9 speak+ ( ,l\vois1 %e  
says t %e nev] contradict$ him1 & adds1 
,p ?9k t ,i gov]n ! k+dom1 & !y d n "k t
 ,i am conv9c$ ,god has be/[$ on me s _m
 favors only t ,i may seek m e>ne/ly !  
k+'s salvation4 ,i pray ,god daily to   
enlight5 & sanctify1 him4 ,b x is evid5t
 h[ completely an e>ne/ recomm5dation to
 ,l\is to sp>e ,treves1 & /ay ! ravages 
9 ! ,palat9ate1 may h talli$ ) t unique 
& hall[$ purpose4 ,h n ^? f :om su*     
trucul5t ord]s emanate a t]rible acc\nt 
to r5d]8 ,has n %e :o dissuades a rul] f
 an iniquit\s measure done some?+ t[>d  
sav+ 8 s\l8    ,footnote #aif3 #ba/     
,may1 #afhi4    ,footnote #aig3 ,hi/41  
*ap1 xi41 #afhi4    ,footnote #aih3     
,hi/1 *ap1 xxv1 #agja4    ,footnote     
#aii3 #d? ,octob]1 #afhh4  ,!re are     
/ories afloat respect+ ,madame de       
,ma9t5on1 & 9 ev]ybody's m\?1 :i* ! ,duc
 de ,noailles sc>cely condesc5ds to     

notice4 ,t %e :o always spoke & wrote ( 
,l\is 9 t]ms ( affectionate homage %\ld 
h s]i\sly committ$ h]self to su*        
ass]tions1 z t h] daily task ev] s9ce h]
 m>riage 0 to amuse a k+ :o c\ld n be   
amus$1 & t he 0 s selfi% t he nev] lov$ 
any?+ b himself1 is an improbability z  
inconsi/5t ) h] "* & policy z x is at   
v>iance ) ! facts ( ! case4 ,t 9 8 latt]
 ye>s h] life 0 embitt]$ by 8 fretful & 
qu]ul\s temp]1 & by ! fits ( passion    
into :i* he (t5 fell1 & t 9 "o ( h]     
lett]s writt5 at t p]iod %e compla9s ( !
 difficulty ( amus+ him1 is und\bt$ly   
true2 b ?is & simil> compla9ts ought n  
to be /ret*$ beyond _! natural mean+1 & 
made to tell too sev]ely aga9/ ! k+4    
,:51 9 ! e>ly "p ( #afia1 ,l\is appe>$ 9
 ! camp be=e ,mons1 8 wife1 sep>at$ f   
him = ! fir/ "t s9ce _! m>riage1 retir$ 
to ,sa9t-,cyr1 al>m$ at ! dang]s he 0   
ab\t to incur1 & unable to conceal h]   
sadness4 ,consolatory lett]s p\r$ 9 ^u  
h] f all qu>t]s1 especially #hbb f h]   
spiritual fri5ds & advis]s--! ,abbe     

,gobel91 ! ,bi%op ( ,*>tres1 & ,f5elon4 
,b1 ! selfi% mon>* :o c\ld n be amus$1  
did he1 amid ! bu/le ( a siege1 f9d "t  
to write to a lady fifty-five ye>s old1 
^: only bus9ess _h be5 to amuse him or  
fail 9 ! attempt8 ,he did2 & t n once n[
 & !n2 n briefly & drily1 z a matt] (   
=m2 n l a man :o _h little to say1 &    
/ill less atta*m5t1 to ! p]son to :om he
 said x4 ,no2 e day 9 h] solitude       
,madame de ,ma9t5on 0 consol$ by see+ a 
royal dragoon ride into ! c\rt-y>d ) a  
lett] = h] f 8 maje/y1 & almo/ e day )  
"o f ! k+'s bro!r also4 ,nor 0 ?is all2 
! k+1 :o _h nev] lov$ any "o b himself1 
prov$ t !re 0 at lea/ "o exception to   
?is rule1 & t he lov$ 8 wife4 ,9 #afib  
%e jo9$ him at ,mons1 by 8 comm&1 9     
company ) o!r ladies ( ! c\rt1 & foll[$ 
him to ! siege ( ,namur4 ,amusem5ts 7 n 
want+ 9 ! royal camp4 ,! k+ & 8 c\rti]s 
d9$ to ! music ( timbrels1 trumpets1 &  
hautboys1 & he review$ 8 troops 9 !     
pres5ce ( c>riages full ( fair faces4   
,b1 ) all ?is1 he visit$ ! diff]5t      

qu>t]s s dilig5tly1 & inspect$ s closely
 ! works & tr5*es1 rid+ cont9ually )9   
range ( ! enemy's guns1 t 8 wife _h     
almo/ z mu* anxiety = 8 safety z :5 %e  
pond]$ at a di/ance ! cruel *ances ( w>4
  ,9 spite ( 8 _m faults1 !re 0 mu* 9   
,l\is ,,xiv4 to captivate ! imag9ation (
 "o l ,madame de ,ma9t5on4 ,no pr9ce1   
says ! ,duke ( ,b]wick1  ,footnote #bjj 
0 ev] s little kn[n z ?is mon>*4 ,he has
 be5 repres5t$ z a man n only cruel &   
false1 b difficult ( access4 ,i h       
frequ5tly _h ! honor ( audi5ces f him1 &
 h be5 v famili>ly admitt$ to 8 pres5ce2
 & ,i c affirm t 8 pride is only 9      
appe>ance4 ,he 0 born ) an air ( maje/y1
 :i* /ruck e "o s mu*1 t nobody c\ld    
approa* him )\t be+ seiz$ ) awe &       
respect2 b z soon z y spoke to him1 he  
s(t5$ 8 c\nt5ance1 & put y q at ease4   
,he 0 ! mo/ polite man 9 8 k+dom2 & 8   
answ]s 7 accompani$ by s _m oblig+      
expressions1 t1 if he grant$ y\r reque/1
 ! obligation 0 d\bl$ by ! mann] (      
conf]r+ x2 & if he refus$1 y c\ld n     

compla94    ,footnote #bjj3  ,memoirs1  
vol4 ii4  ,madame de ,ma9t5on's         
campaign+ life 0 n altoge!r free f      
disagreeables4 ,on "o occasion1 writ+ f 
,d9ant1  ,footnote #bja %e relates h[ !y
 enc\nt]$ m difficulty 9 retir+ f ,namur
 ?an 9 approa*+ x4 ,!y 7 elev5 h\rs & a 
half on ! road1 & :olly unprovid$ )     
food4 ,%e arriv$ at h] j\rney's end     
exhau/$ ) hung] & suff]+ also f         
rheumatism & heada*e2 b1 x be+ an       
ab/95ce day1 ! only repa/ t await$ h] 0 
oil-s\p4 ,! k+ likewise1 ?\gh ?r\gh\t ! 
campaign he d9$ ord9>ily ) all !        
sumptu\sness ( ,v]sailles1 f\nd himself 
oblig$ sometimes to p>take ( a cold     
collation "u a h$ge1 )\t quitt+ 8       
travell+ c>riage4 ,w>f>e w\ld be an easy
 call+ if su* 7 its wor/ h>d%ips4       
,footnote #bja3 #ab? ,june1 #afic4  ,9  
,fl&]s1 z 9 ,france1 ,madame de ,ma9t5on
 cont9u$ to take ! mo/ lively int]e/ 9 !
 c\rse ( ev5ts1 m>tial1 political1 &    
social4 ,proximity to ! sc5e ( action   
did n induce h] to exce$ ^? limits (    

res]ve :i* %e _h long s9ce m>k$ out =   
h]self4 ,?\gh in=m$ ( all t happ5$1 &   
=m+ a s\nd judgm5t on almo/ e occurr5ce1
 ?\gh e>ne/ly desir+ peace r ?an        
aggr&izem5t1 & ju/ice r ?an glory1 %e   
obtrud$ no views ( h] own 9 ! cab9et ( !
 k+1 nor ev5 influ5c$ ! *oice ( g5]als4 
,x 0 h] habit ( close obs]vation1 & h]  
exact description #hbc ( all t pass$1   
:i* made ,napoleon ,bonap>te delight 9  
read+ h] correspond5ce1 & pron\nce x    
sup]ior to t ( ,madame de ,sevigne1     
because x _h m 9 x4 ,madame de ,ma9t5on 
speaks 9 "o place ( h] own /yle z dry & 
succ9ct2 &1 inde$1 7 x n = ! piety :i*  
con/antly brea!s ?r\gh !m1 h] lett]s    
w\ld (t5 read l ! despat*es ( a g5]al4  
,%e is brief1 t]se1 s5t5ti\s2 h] m9d be+
 evid5tly b5t on ?+s r ?an on words4 ,z 
a lett]-writ]1 %e resembles ,napoleon   
himself m ?an any o!r ,fr5* au?oress4   
,h] /yle is free f t vacillation1 t     
timid adoption ( a def9ite l9e1 :i*     
always indicates a weak ?9k] & a total  
abs5ce ( sy/em 9 ! m9d4 ,_h x be5       

o!rwise1 %e w\ld nev] h /ood s high 9 ! 
e/eem ( =eign c\rts1 nor w\ld pr9ces &  
sov]eigns1 su* z ! ,elector ( ,cologne1 
! ,duc de ,lorra9e1 & 8 "m1 ,que5       
,eleanor1 h writt5 to ask favors at h]  
h&s4  ,! reign ( ,l\is ,,xiv4 la/$ s    
long1 t nei!r 8 son nor gr&son ev] sat  
on ! ?rone4 ,if ! latt]1 ! ,duc de      
,b\rgogne1 _h n di$ 9 8 ?irtie? ye>1 he 
might1 z ! once docile pupil ( ,f5elon &
 ,madame de ,ma9t5on1 h fulfill$ 8      
promises ( excell5ce1 & h left to 8     
successors a ri* inh]itance ( wisdom4   
,telema*us 0 n compos$ expressly = him 9
 va94 ,he 0 born 9 #afhb1 & at an e>ly  
age 0 affianc$ to ,m>ie-,adelaide (     
,savoy4 ,! pr9cess 0 at t "t only elev5 
ye>s old1 & 01 by ! m>riage contract1 to
 remove to ,france1 & be w$d$ 9 ! ensu+ 
ye>4 ,! union ( ! "y c\ple 0 celebrat$ 9
 #afig1 b on acc\nt ( _! extreme y\? !y 
cont9u$ to live ap>t two ye>s long]4    
,dur+ ?is "t1 ,madame de ,ma9t5on       
und]took to complete ,m>ie-,adelaide's  
education4 ,! in/ructress 0 wor?y ( a   

pr9cess de/9$1 z x 0 believ$1 to gov]n  
,france4 ,all day %e sat by h] :5 sick1 
& ,rac9e read ,plut>*'s ,lives to h]    
dur+ ! pauses ( ! night2 ,bossuet 0 h]  
*apla91 & ,dangeau1 ^: manuscript       
memoirs ( ,l\is' c\rt h prov$ s useful  
to hi/orians1  ,footnote #bjb 0 h]      
knight ( honor4 ,%e 0 ! delight ( all   
ar\nd1 & s *>m$ ! k+1 t he 0 nev] will+ 
to "p ) h]4 ,b !re 7 no ap>tm5ts        
,m>ie-,adelaide s mu* lov$ to frequ5t z 
^? ( ,madame de ,ma9t5on4 ,sev]e z h]   
admonitions (t5 71 %e possess$ 9 !      
highe/ degree ! art ( atta*+ "y p]sons  
to h]1 & inspir$ !m ins5sibly ) ta/e1   
wisdom1 & nobility ( m9d4 ,%e _h long   
be5 conv9c$ t ! education ( pr9ces 0    
conduct$1 g5]ally1 9 su* a way z to     
prep>e !m = habitual ennui4 ,!y le>n$ & 
saw ev]y?+ 9 *ildhood1 &1 :5 gr[n up1 _h
 no?+ fre% to see or le>n4 ,%e )drew h]1
 !re=e1 z f> z possible f ! c\rt1 &     
submitt$ h] to ! simple & :olesome r\t9e
 ( ,sa9t-,cyr4 ,! pr9cess prov$         
extremely docile1 & h] amiability 0 z   

/rik+ z h] dilig5ce4 ,! society ( !     
religi\s 9 ,sa9t-,cyr1 s f> f putt+ a   
con/ra9t on h] lively & w9n+ ways1 seem$
 only to fit h] m completely to be ! pet
 companion ( ,l\is ,,xiv4 ,h] sprightly 
talk1 h] op5+ m9d1 h] elegant           
simplicity1 amus$ him 9 8 walks &       
drives1 9 ! g>d5s1 ! gall]ies1 & ! *ase2
 & :ile he contriv$ daily "s new        
div]sion = ! fasc9at+ *ild1 he c\ld n b 
trace 9 h] ! happy results ( ,madame de 
,ma9t5on's unwe>i$ att5tion4 ,%e ent]$  
into all h] *ildi% pleasures1 & ev5     
play$ hide-&-seek ) h]1 t %e might1 z %e
 said aft]w>d1 ga9 h] e> = s]i\s tru?s1 
& by yield+ all %e c\ld1 h ! bett]      
reason = )hold+ :at w\ld h be5 hurtful4 
,at la/--nor 0 ! "t                     
long--,m>ie-,adelaide quitt$ ,madame de 
,ma9t5on's embrace1 & ) h] heav5ly      
c\nsels #hbd grav5 on h] memory1 & giv5 
9 writ+ into h] h&s1 bidd+ f>ewell to ! 
hall[$ cloi/]s ( ,sa9t-,cyr1 & to h]    
daily gambols & prattle ) ! lov+ &      
indulg5t k+1 %e took h] place beside h] 

de/9$ bridegroom1 & ent]$ o!r realms (  
love4   ,footnote #bjb3 ,!y 7 fir/      
publi%$ entire 9 #ahef4  ,su* 0 ! woman 
( :om ! worldly & sceptical speak je]+ly
 z ! pr\d wid[ ( ,sc>ron2 ! intrigu+1   
au/]e1 ambiti\s ,m>quise de ,ma9t5on2 ! 
p]secutrix ( ,hugu5ots1 & ! despot ( h] 
royal sp\se4 ,!y "k n :at !y speak1 nor 
:]e( !y affirm2 = !y are incapable (    
e/imat+ ! "* ( ! righte\s4 ,outw>d acts 
are to !m an enigma & a /umbl+-block1   
because ! s\l & its guid+ pr9ciples _c  
be se54 ,a true ,*ri/ian1 su* z ,madame 
de ,ma9t5on1 is an object ( fai?1 z is !
 ,*ur*1 & z 0 ! ,*ur*'s ,"l 9 ! days ( 8
 humiliation4 ,seat$1 to say ! lea/1 on 
! foot/ool ( ! ?rone1 & surr\nd$ by all 
! pomp & circum/ance ( royal life1 %e 0 
to jaundic$ eyes b "o 9 a cr[d ( pr9ces 
& c\rti]s1 & diff]+ f !m only 9 t %e 0 m
 a/ute2 b1 se5 z ! prelates ( ,cambray &
 ,meaux saw h]--se5 z h] lett]s &       
conv]sations ) ! nuns ( ,sa9t-,cyr      
exhibit h]--se5 z ! ,duc de ,noailles   
describes h]1 & "t1 ! beautifi] ( !     

dead1 has r5d]$ h]--%e 0 us+ ?is _w & n 
abus+ x2 seek+ society only to improve  
x1 & solitude only to pray2 hold+ all %e
 possess$ 9 fealty to h] unse5 ,k+1 &   
mak+ e occupation subord9ate to t (     
loos5+ h] affections f e>?ly vanities1 &
 fa/5+ !m :olly ^u ,god4 ,! ,duc de     
,noailles' hi/ory does n end ) ! f\r?   
volume4 ,x leaves ,madame de ,ma9t5on 9 
h] sixty-second ye>--two-&-tw5ty ye>s   
be=e h] dea?4 ,to trace h] int]c\rse )  
,l\is dur+ ! long & disa/r\s w> ) ,spa91
 call$ ! ,w> ( ! ,succession--h] c\nsels
 & influ5ce dur+ ! defeats by ,m>lbor\gh
 & ,pr9ce ,eug5e1 & ! triumphant        
reprisals ( ,v5dome & ,vill>s--h] grief 
at ! k+'s dea? 9 #agae1 :5 %e _h rea*$  
h] eightie? ye>--h] retirem5t to !      
long-lov$ %ades ( ,sa9t-,cyr--h]        
devotion & zeal height5+ z age advanc$1 
& ! cele/ial goal 0 ne>$--h]            
conv]sations ) ! si/]s1 & h] lett]s to !
 ,pr9cesse des ,urs9s--to analyze h]    
correspond5ce1 & h] vade-mecum z publi%$
 by ,m4 ,bonhomme--to record ! pillage (

 ,sa9t-,cyr1 & ! outrage done to h]     
v5]able rema9s1 z to ^? ( ! royal dead 9
 ,/4 ,d5is1 by ! frantic revolutioni/s (
 #agib--w\ld supply ample mat]ials =    
ano!r article1 b w\ld only confirm !    
views already =m$ ( h] prevail+ "* &    
pr9ciples4 ,en\gh1 p]haps1 has be5 said 
to place our read]s on _! gu>d aga9/ !  
malice & fictions ( ! ,duc de           
,sa9t-,simon & a ho/ ( detractors :o    
rely too readily on 8 ^w1 & to dispose  
!m favorably t[>d a mo/ judici\s &      
rem>kable hi/ory1 :i* does honor to !   
,fr5* ,academy & ! illu/ri\s h\se ( de  
,noailles4  ------  #hbe   ,f ,all ,!   
,ye> ,r\nd4  ,a ,,dubl9 ,,may ,,morn+4  
,:5 ,i look d[n on ?is gay ,may morn+ f 
a w9d[ into ,great ,sackville /reet1 :]e
 !re is a huge column to ,admiral       
,nelson1 & a gold5 %op-front bo>d       
d$icat$ to ,o',connell1 on ! site = 8   
/atue1 & :i* is by-&-by to be made into 
a ,fr5* b\lev>d & plant$ ) trees--,i    
say1 on ?is ,may morn+ x is easy to see 
t "o ( ! _m great days = ,irel& has come

 r\nd once m4 ,= ! cr[ds 9 ! great      
?or\ghf>es1 & ! boys sitt+ on ! bridges1
 & ! flags & /ream]s1 & ! roll+         
c>riages1 & ! g5]al air ( busy idl5ess1 
tell me t a great fe/ival is t[>d2 &    
plac>ds 9 fi]cely c>buncl$ lett]s       
proclaim 9 an angry fit ( ,/4 ,an?ony's 
fire t ! ,pr9ce ( ,wales is to ,,op5    
some?+3 :i* some?+ a /ill great]        
scorbutic op]ation ( type tells u is ,,!
 ,,dubl9 ,,exhibition ,,( #ahfe4  ,n )\t
 *>ms1 & m>k$ & special features ( its  
own1 is ?is ,dubl9 city--to say no?+ ( !
 fre% & fair ,iri% faces & violet eyes  
:i* pass by 9 /reams1 or ( ! *e]ful     
voices & ! gay laughs he>d at e turn2 or
 ( ! giant policem5 :o we> m\/a*es &    
be>ds1 & ?us compete on m favorable t]ms
 ) milit>y rivals2 or ( ! rollick+      
driv]s1 :o /& up z !y drive1 v l !      
coc*i]i ( ,rome1 & :o look out = f>es 9 
a debonnaire indiff]5t fa%ion4 ,!re is a
 gay1 busy1 =eign1 p>ticolor$ look ab\t 
! place1 :i* rem9ds "o ( a =eign t[n4 ,!
 backgr\nd is compos$ ( wide spaci\s    

/reets1 ,grecian build+s wond]fully     
classic 9 tone & %ape1 fitt$ into corn]s
 ) porticoes t belong to ! /reet1 & "u  
:i* ! p walk--pretty breaks :]e !       
bridges come1 & ! ma/s ( %ipp+ se5 9 !  
sun half way d[n a long1 long ?or\ghf>e4
 ,!re are no w>eh\ses or ugly bus9ess   
associations2 b all is %ops & %opp+1 &  
color & livel9ess1 & c>riages & walk]s4 
,i ?9k1 z ,i look out on ?is ,may morn+1
 t x is curi\s t a p popul>ly suppos$ to
 want self-reliance & indep5d5ce1 & :o  
are utt]ly ignorant ( ! self-help       
pr9ciple1 %\ld1 aft] all1 h done "s few 
self-reliant ?+s 9 ?is v matt] (        
exhibitions4 ,"s "o tells me t _m       
decades ( ye>s be=e glass palaces 7     
?\ght (1 & :5 ! univ]sal peace &        
bro!rhood glass palaces 7 my/]i\sly     
suppos$ to br+ ) !m 7 n q believ$ 91 ?is
 un-self-reliant p _h _! regul> tri5nial
 exhibition ( manufactures1 on ! ,fr5*  
model4 ,fur!r1 t close on ! foot/eps ( !
 ,hyde ,p>k ,exhibition came ! great "o 
( ,cork1 & clos] aga9 on ! foot/eps (   

,cork ! really great ,dubl9 ,exhibition 
( #ahec1 ! build+ ( :i* co/ ne>ly eighty
 ?\s& p\nds1 & :i* 0 rem>kable = ! fir/ 
int]national collection ( pictures1 & = 
! fir/ p]=mance ( ,h&el on a colossal   
scale4 ,n cont5t ) ?is1 ,i am told t ?is
 p1 :o 7 n self-reliant1 w5t fur!r1 _h  
two m successful exhibitions on a small]
 scale1 & h n[ f9ally gird$ !mselves up 
= ?is yet m complete ef=t ( #ahfe4 ,n s 
bad1 ?is1 = our poor wo-begone si/] ) ! 
h>p1 especially :5 we consid] t our     
well-to-d ,scot* si/] has n fa%$ h]self 
) su* follies1 ju/ly consid]+ ! m>g9 (  
pr(it too unc]ta9 or too slight to repay
 ! tr\ble4 #hbf ,b ?is is a grim &      
/ati/ical ungraci\s view1 n all suit$ to
 ?is ,dubl9 ,may morn+4  ,x is kn[n1 !n1
 on ?is gay ,dubl9 ,may morn+1 t ! "y   
pr9ce1 :o 9 ?is isl& has always be5     
look$ to ) an affectionate int]e/1 has  
be5 9 ! city s9ce ov]-night1 & out at ! 
pretty lodge1 :i* lies out 9 ! ,phaynix4
 ,h5ce ! flags & ! /ream]s4 ,h5ce1 too1 
9 front ( ! palace1 ! balconies fr+$ )  

sc>let1 & ! s(t5$ & melodi\s buzz (     
di/ant milit>y music1 ) ! /aff (fic]s   
fly+ nor? & s\?1 & ! regim5ts tramp+ by4
 ,b ! flags gr[ ?ick]1 & ! balconies    
gay]1 & ! music m di/9ct1 z ,i f9d      
myself at ! corn] ( ! great place1 or   
squ>e d$icat$ to ,/4 ,/eph51 :i* is a   
good mile's walk+ all r\nd1 & ne> :i* ,i
 see ! great build+1 ) ! heavy por*es & 
pill>s1 r\nd :i*1 & ov] :i*1 run        
delicately1 ! light entrance ( a        
,moori%-look+ glass temple--a silv]     
h[dah on ! back ( a gray elephant4 ,su* 
is ! r novel design = ?is la/ com] 9 !  
long s]ies ( exhibitions4  ,aft] all !  
miles ( glass gre5h\se1 & ! long        
protract$ repetitions ( gorge\s decorat$
 pill>s & gird]s1 ,i _c b ?9k :at a     
happy comb9ation ?is is ( solidity &    
lightness2 & ackn[l$ge t 9 ^! days1 :5  
,paxton ,palace succe$s ,paxton ,palace 
) "s monotony1 !re is some?+ orig9al 9  
/rik+ out ! idea ( fitt+ ! glass-h\se to
 a great solid build+1 ) huge halls1 &  
long1 cool passages1 & spaci\s rooms1 & 

surr\nd+ ! :ole ) a g>d51 & gre5]y1 &   
cascades4  ,!re has be5 ! usual cru% &  
pressure1 ! trem5d\s toil+ aga9/ "t1 to 
get all done2 ! /ra9+ ( e n]ve1 ! sitt+ 
up all night1 ! hamm]+ & saw+1 ! /it*+ (
 a hundr$ workm5 & workwom51 *ang+ !    
utt] disord] & ! nak$ deal bo>ds & !    
rude planks ( five o'clock la/ ev5+ to  
p]fect ord]--to ! regul>ity ( a         
draw+-room & acres ( sc>let clo?4 ,& 9 a
 cr[d ( light ,may morn+ dresses we     
drift into ! huge conc]t hall1 :i* is to
 hold ?\s&s1 & to e*o to brass ?roats1 &
 :]e !re are ! great organ1 & ! or*e/ra 
:i* holds ! musical army a ?\s& /rong3  
on ! floor ( :i* h gr[n up b$s ^u b$s ( 
human lilies t flutt] & flutt] aga91 ^: 
fl[]s are :ite p>asols & gossam] %awls4 
,?is hall1 z a feature1 is n s          
rem>kable1 = !re are _m great halls2 b  
at its f> end x is op5 & cross$ half way
 by a gall]y3 & ?r\gh ?is op5+ we see f>
 on into a ,w9t] ,g>d5 & ,cry/al        
,palace1 :]e are ! light airy gall]ies1 
) ! old famili> rimson labels1 & ! ,fr5*

 trophies1 & ! bright objects1 & ! great
 apse l a glass ca!dral1 & ,mr4 ,doyle's
 pale color+1 ! fa9t l9es ( delicate    
gre51 *os5 ) r>e good ta/e1 :i* 9 itself
 is a novelty4  ,look+ out ?r\gh ! op5  
end ( ! conc]t hall1 & fac+ ! organ1 ,i 
see a gr& m>one velvet ea/]n canopy &   
dais1 "u :i* ! ,pa%a ( ,egypt is to sit 
a few mon?s h]eaft] & receive 8 tribes2 
& on ?is dais are ! nobles & g5tlem5    
ga!r+1 9 ! f9e ri* !atrical suits :i*   
give a color+ to a fe/ival1 & ( :i* we h
 n half en\gh4 ,judges 9 sc>let & erm9e1
 privy c\ncillors ) coats t seem clott$ 
) gold1 ! nev]-fail+ lords-lieut5ant &  
deputy-lieut5ants1 knights ( ,/4        
,patrick1 deans1 doctors 9 sc>let1      
soldi]s 9 sc>let1 a "l *ancellor all    
black & gold1 ea/]n d]vi%es 7x may be1 f
 ! pill[-case look ( _! caps71 a "l     
mayor ( ,york1 a "l provo/ ( ,ed9burgh2 
9 %ort1 all %apes ( p>ticolor$ f9]y4    
,turn+ r\nd = a second1 ,i see t ! black
 musical army has deb\*$ & tak5 gr\nd1 &
 t #hbg ! great or*e/ra has spread l a  

l>ge d>k fan f floor to ceil+4 ,i c see 
,ul/] 9 a gorge\s tab>d1 flitt+ to &    
fro1 m>%all+ gr&ees1 z none s well "k h[
 to m>%al !m1 ea* accord+ to 8 or h]    
degree4 ,t m>vell\s tab>d is s /iff &   
gorge\s1 t :5 x is laid by1 x surely _c 
be hung up or fold$ or put to sleep on  
its back l o!r robes1 b1 ,i fancy1 mu/  
/& up /raight 9 a w>drobe on its end1 l 
a /eel cuirass4  ,we seem to riot 9     
mayors4 ,! eye c be fea/$ on mayors2 !y 
c become z ! air we brea! if we s *oose 
x4 ,!y h fl[$ 9 f e t[n 9 ! ?ree k+doms4
 ,& x does /rike "o1 ) hav+ su* a       
municipal ga!r+ br\ght toge!r1 t !re is 
a sort ( corporate expression1 a k9d (  
municipal smirk or p]k1 a k9d ( smil+   
burgess air ( complac5cy :i* makes !    
:ole ( ?is _w ak94 ,e "o1 too1 seems to 
be inve/$ ) ! coll> ( ! ,gold5 ,fleece4 
,"h1 also1 are _m kn[n faces1 :o we> no 
sc>let nor gold nor coll>s4 ,faces l t (
 ! fam\s dog & animal pa9t] ^: f\r-foot$
 fri5ds look d[n at him f ! walls3 faces
 l t ( ! ,sir ,david :o inv5t$ ! mo/    

popul> toy 9 ! _w3 faces f ! sci5ce &   
art3 f ,s\? ,k5s+ton1 :i*1 z we all "k1 
is sci5ce & art3 faces f ,france1 f     
,canada1 ,rome1 ,india1 & a hundr$ o!r  
places4  ,n[1 ,i he> ! hum ( di/ant     
m>tial music1 & ! yet fa9t] b m         
inspirit+ s\nd ( di/ant *e]+4 ,!n !     
sc>let & erm9e1 ! privy c\ncil clott$   
gold1 ! ,may morn+ bonnets1 glitt] &    
ru/le ) excitem5t4 ,! hum & *att] (     
voices full ( expectation travel on     
s(tly d[n ! glass aisles & into ! great 
hall4 ,!re has be5 a gr& plung+ (       
milit>y troop]s outside1 a viol5t arre/ 
( fi]y horses pull$ up sudd5ly1 & !     
pr9ce & a royal duke & ! vice-k+ & all  
_! att5dants h desc5d$4 ,f ! outside1 ! 
%\t+ creeps 9 gradually1 until at la/ x 
comes to its fulle/ pit*2 :5 ! crimson &
 gold cr[d p>ts a little1 we see ?is    
pr9ce /&+ mode/ly "u ! ,egyptian pa%a's 
canopy1 ) ?irty ?\s& eyes ^u him4 ,at   
?is mom5t a speck half way up ! d>k     
or*e/ra1 b :i* is a v skilful & mo/     
musical speck1 gives a signal ) :at     

seems a :ite p91 & ! musical army       
advances ) ! f9e ,old ,hundr$?4 ,! gr&  
,old ,hundr$? travels out 9 ris+ waves  
?r\gh ! op5 end ( ! hall into ! glass   
ca!dral1 !n loses itself up & d[n 9 !   
aisles4 ,= two v]ses ! voices d ! battle
 by !mselves2 b1 at ! ?ird1 ! trumpets &
 ! gr& brass & ! roll+ ( mon/] drums    
bur/ out1 & e syllable is emphasiz$ ) a 
/irr+ cra%4 ,x is l ! deluge aft] a     
dr\ght4  ,!n ! sun gets up1 & ! gold &  
color$ figures cross1 & cr[d1 & flit    
pa/1 z "s bus9ess is be+ transact$ "u t 
,egyptian pa%a's canopy2 = !re are      
addresses to be read & spok51 & !re is  
mu* advanc+ & back+ to be done4 ,n[1 !  
p>ty "u ! pa%a's canopy breaks up = a   
"t1 & ! /iff gold & sc>let & privy      
c\ncil /rait-wai/coats1 & ! corporate   
dress+-g[ns1 hav+ =m$ !mselves into a   
procession1 take ! pr9ce r\nd to look at
 ! place4  ,& !re is a great deal to    
see4 ,!re are _m *>m+ pictures1 & among 
! *oice/ ^? ( :i* ! que5 ( ,spa9 has    
/ripp$ h] palaces1 & s5t "h4 ,is !re n a

 h9t ( _m a ,velasquez mo/ exquisite1 & 
( ,mr4 ,/irl+1 :i* are wor? a j\rney to 
! ,escurial to wor%ip8 ,"h is _m a r>e  
,reynolds :i* ,mr4 ,tom ,taylor might   
f9d wor? mak+ a note (1 & "h are walls  
cov]$ ) noble c>toons ( ! sev]e ,muni*  
s*ool4 ,^!1 ) ! photographs &           
wat]-colors1 & m$iaeval objects1 are    
common to _m #hbh an exhibition held    
be=e2 b !re is "o feature unique--a     
noble sculpture gall]y1 arti/ic1 *>m+ly 
light$1 suffici5t to delight ,mr4       
,gibson1 & drive ! ,royal ,academy to   
despair4 ,a sculpture-hall1 on :i* y c  
look d[n f a balu/rade 9 a room ov]head1
 z if into a ,pompeiian c\rt4 ,a        
sculpture-hall1 9 :i* y c look up to an 
ar*+ glass ro(1 &1 half way d[n aga91 to
 ! balu/rade j m5tion$1 :i* is dott$ )  
small /atutes4 ,a sculpture-hall1 :]e ,i
 c walk r\nd & ?9k myself 9 a ,roman    
palace1 to :i* ^! f9e objects belong1 & 
n 9 a tempor>y %$ :]e "s scatt]$ objects
 t h be5 l5t are %[n4 ,= "h ,i see t !  
,roman /udios h be5 empti$ ( _!         

treasures2 t ,miss ,hosm] has s5t h]    
,faun1 9 ton$ yell[ m>ble3 a            
m>vell\s--if ! spee* be n impolite-- "w 
= a woman4 ,) ,/ory's wond]ful ,judi?1 &
 a ,baby ,girl by ,mogni--a p5dant = !  
n[ fam\s ,read+ ,girl4 ,b x is easy to  
prophesy t ?is ,baby ,girl w be         
photograph$1 & /]eoscop$1 & b9ocul>iz$ 9
 a hundr$ ways1 & wat*$ ov] by policem5 
specially1 & visit$ by a /eady cr[d4    
,?is hall & its cont5ts--! l ( :i* x is 
no boa/ to say has n be5 yet se5 9 ^!   
k+doms--is ! feature ( ?is exhibition4  
,!n1 hav+ se5 all t is mo/ curi\s &     
beautiful--9 ! fa%ion 9 :i* su* ?+s mu/ 
be se5 :]e !re is only a qu>t] ( an h\r 
to see !m--! /iff' gold & crimson /r&s1 
:i* we call ! procession1 came back to !
 pa%a's dais4 ,& !n1 ) a cra% & a sma%1 
& a ?und]+ ( mon/] drums1 & ! rattle &  
roll+ ( little drums1 & ! %>p brassy b>k
 ( trumpets1 ! true ,engli% national    
,old ,hundr$?1 9 :i* musical &          
unmusical--p ) e>s1 & p )\t1 ev5 p )    
voices1 & p )\t--c jo91 !n ,god save !  

,que5 is sung4 ,sung6 ,r fir$ (f6       
,dis*>g$6 ,salvo$6  ,& !n ! glitt]+ mass
 beg9s to dissolve & fade away4 ,! /age1
 :i* has be5 laid out "u ! pa%a's       
canopy1 gradually cle>s4 ,at ! door !re 
is a /ruggle1 & ! scatt] ( new gravel1 )
 ! frantic leap+ up beh9d c>riages ( _m 
footm51 & ! clos+ 9 ( m\nt$ soldi]s4 ,& 
!n ! pageant melts away1 & ! "w ( ! day 
is done4  ,z ,i walk & w&] f ! light    
glass arcades to ! d>k] c\rts1 & f !    
c\rts to ! op5 t]races1 & he> ! hum (   
,saxons' voices1 & f at lea/ e ?ird m\? 
! %>p burr ( "s ,saxon dialect1 & :5 ,i 
meet burly %\ld]s & massive *e/s :i* are
 n ( ! c\ntry1 "s out-(-place           
speculations come into my m9d1 & ,i am  
tempt$ to make suppositions4 ,fir/1 ,i  
speculate--( c\rse %r9k+ away f ! dry   
bones ( politics--:e!r !re might n h be5
 "s mi/ake 9 ! old & con/ant treatm5t ( 
a p :o seem *e]ful & grateful = a k9d ^w
 or a k9d] act1 & :o are will+ & ev5    
clev] 9 _! way--& ?9k :e!r ! want (     
progress & want ( capital & (           

self-reliance1 & ! want ( a hundr$ o!r  
?+s :i* puzzle & dispirit ! political   
physician1 may n 9 "s degree be laid to 
! acc\nt ( old mi/akes1 old laws1 old   
errors1 old h>% treatm5t1 old jeal\sies 
& re/ra9ts1 ! folly ( :i* is n[ se5 &   
admitt$1 b ! fruits ( :i* rema9 to ?is  
day8  ,j z ! fruits ( a bad education   
l+] 9 a gr[n man1 & ! m>ks ( e>ly h>d%ip
 are /amp$ ^u ! face & con/itution1 x w 
take _m ye>s yet1 9 ! life ( a nation1  
be=e old faults are work$ out ( its     
con/itution4 ,& ,i ?9k--/ill 9 ! walks (
 ! ,w9t] ,g>d5--t if my fri5dly ,briton 
tell me t 8 exp]i5ce ( ! l[] ord]s (    
,iri% is t y c't dep5d ^u a ^w !y say1  
,i _c b recollect t half a c5tury ago !y
 7 civilly slaves1 )\t rights2 #hbi & t 
a c5tury ago !y 7 a proscrib$ ca/e1     
aga9/ :om "o-half ! laws ( ! l& 7       
direct$4 ,if we h f\nd !m indol5t1 &    
dis9cl9$ to p]sev]ance & ! mak+ ( money1
 h we n dim recollections ( see+ acts ( 
p>liam5t pass$ aga9 & aga9 to cripple _!
 trade8 ,a p mu/ gr[ up1 z a *ild mu/   

gr[ up2 & x is h>d to expect t a *ild ^:
 body has suff]$ by an unk9d or an      
injudici\s nurse1 %\ld become at once   
/rong "u bett] treatm5t4 ,!n ,i         
speculate on ! my/]i\s relation (       
,iri%m5 to ,iri% l&1 ?r\gh :i* ! bit (  
l& is z necess>y z ! bit ( bread2 :]e a 
t5ant holds 8 t9y scrap1 on :i* he pays 
8 ?irty-%ill+ r5t2 & dur+ ! :ole ye> is 
/ruggl+ desp]ately to "w out ( ?is great
 e/ate a few potatoes1 & few] clo!s =   
himself & family1 beside ! mis]able     
?irty-%ill+ m>g9 = ! l&lord4 ,i ?9k h[  
"s e/ates h two1 f\r1 six1 eight ?\s&   
t5ants ( ?is valuable class--& ?9k      
beside1 9 answ] to a natural objection1 
h[ ?is mis]able sy/em 0 creat$ =        
political ends1 to multiply vot]s to    
support gov]nm5t1 ,if ! ,palace & ,w9t] 
,g>d5 7 twice z long & twice z broad1 ,i
 %\ld n h half "t or space en\gh = !    
speculations t come cr[d+ on me )       
ref]5ce to ?is p]plex+ c\ntry4  ,& hav+ 
made ^! speculations1 & hav+ gone q r\nd
 ! g>d51 ,i beg9--9 addition to my      

speculations--to make "s r wild         
suppositions4 ,z1 suppose t1 = a m]e    
exp]im5t1 !re 7 a great] _s ( *>ity (   
spee* introduc$ into our deal+s ) ?is   
c\ntry4 ,suppose t we gave ! p "t &     
reasonable all[ance--look$ on )         
enc\ragem5t :]e !re 0 any good attempt  
made1 & ) indulg5ce :]e !re 0 failure4  
,suppose t "s ( our j\rnals gave ov]    
writ+ sla%+ articles1 & "s m5 desi/$ f  
spee*es & bitt] epigrams on ! m]e ,iri%1
 :i*1 be+ copi$ 9 e *eap pr9t1 & br\ght 
to e cab9 door1 d incalculable mis*ief1 
fatally wid5+ ! brea*1 & caus+ ,engl& & 
,engli%m5 to be sometimes almo/ hat$4   
,suppose t !re 7 "s little re/ra9t on ! 
traditional /ock ridicule ( ,iri%       
matt]s4 ,suppose t ! ,engli%m5 :o visit$
 ! c\ntry c>ri$ !mselves ) a little less
 ( ,william ! ,conqu]or & ,/rongb[ air1 
& suppose t--  ,b "h are ! umbrellas1 & 
! /icks1 & ! gate4  ------  ,f ,*amb]s's
 ,j\rnal4  ,,spee*4    ,be *oice &      
frugal ( ?y spee* alway3   ,! arr[ f !  
eng9e ( ! ?\ghts   ,once %ot1 is pa/    

recall2 = scorn is b>b$1   ,& w n out1 b
 rankles 9 ! w\nd2   ,& calumny do?     
leave a d>k5+ spot   ,on w\nd$ fame1    
:i*1 z x w\ld infect1   ,m>ks its sad   
victim 9 ! eyes ( m51   ,till no "o d>e 
approa* & "k ! tru?4  ------  #hcj  ,f  
,! ,lamp4  ,a ,,visit ,,to ,,! ,,gr&e   
,,*>treuse4   ,our pilgrimage to ,la    
,gr&e ,*>treuse 0 an ev5t 9 our lives   
wor? rememb]+4 ,at ab\t half-pa/ five on
 ! morn+ ( ! #bb;d ( ,june we left      
,lyons4 ,no?+ c\ld h be5 m auspici\s ?an
 ! brilliant sun & balmy air ( t e>ly   
morn+4 ,! birds sang *e]ily z we walk$ f
 ,/4 ,ir5ee d[n to ! railway /ation1 :]e
 our k9d fri5ds took leave ( u4 ,!      
c\ntry 9 ! neighborhood ( ,lyons 0      
exce$+ly pretty2 b z we drew ne>] to    
,gr5oble1 x became m & m attractive4 ,! 
railway passes ?r\gh two ranges (       
m\nta9s1 ^: sn[-capp$ summits /ood out 9
 beautiful contra/ to ! azure sky4 ,our 
only fell[-travell] 0 a prie/1 :o = a   
long "t _h be5 int5t on 8 brevi>y4      
,amus$ p]haps at our exclamations (     

delight1 he ent]$ into conv]sation ) u2 
& we 7 soon v good fri5ds4 ,he express$ 
p>ticul> int]e/ 9 ! condition ( !       
,ca?olic ,*ur* 9 ,engl&1 hav+ he>d t !re
 7 _m conv]sions 9 consequ5ce ( ! h>d "w
 do+ 9 our missions4 ,he spoke v highly 
9 favor ( a visit to ,la ,gr&e          
,*>treuse4 ,he k9dly promis$ always to  
pray = u1 & ! conv]sion ( ^? we _h left 
beh9d1 & to rememb] u 9 ! mass he 0 ab\t
 to (f]4 ,we rea*$ ,gr5oble at ab\t     
tw5ty m9utes to t54 ,x w n d to /op to  
describe ! magnific5t situation ( ?is   
old city1 completely surr\nd$ z x is )  
m\nta9s1 betwe5 ! riv]s ,is]e & ,drac4  
,until rec5tly x 0 a fronti] t[n2 a v   
/rong "o too1 judg+ f ! appe>ance ( !   
citadel1 pil$ =tress aft] =tress up !   
/eep m\nta9 side4 ,! ca!dral is int]e/+1
 z hav+ belong$ to ,/4 ,hugo1 ! fri5d ( 
! great f\nd] ( ! ,gr&e ,*>treuse4  ,we 
made an agreem5t ) ! driv] ( a c>riage  
to take u to ! ,gr&e ,*>treuse2 & he    
promis$ to take u !re 9 ab\t five h\rs1 
& put u d[n at ! door ( ! conv5t2 s1 at 

lea/1 we und]/ood him4 ,we return$ to ! 
hotel1 got "s refre%m5t1 & />t$ 9 an op5
 c>riage at ab\t twelve o'clock4 ,! road
 = sev]al miles runs ?r\gh a ri*ly      
cultivat$ valley1 ) wood$ m\nta9s on    
ei!r side4 ,ev]y:]e ! v9e 0 tra9$ 9     
graceful fe/oons1 & /ately walnut &     
*e/nut trees grew along ! roadside1 %ad+
 u f ! mid-day sun ) _! ri* foliage4 ,e 
n[ & !n we caught beautiful glimpses ( !
 di/ant ,alps1 abruptly ris+ f ! gre5   
level ( ! valley1 beyond ! hills clad ) 
! d>k v]dure ( ! p9e =e/s1 pil$ curi\sly
 "o ov] ano!r1 :i* run ! :ole l5g? ( !  
pla91 =m+ ! fir/ /eps1 z x 71 ( ^?      
mighty ,alp9e m\nta9s :i* re> _!        
magnific5t heights1 %r\d$ 9 et]nal      
glaci]s1 beh9d ^! graduat$ ranges4 ,j   
be=e rea*+ ,/4 ,laur5t du ,pont1 :at 0  
our a/oni%m5t to he> our driv] proclaim 
we %\ld %ortly rea* our de/9ation6 ,we  
c\ld n conceive h[ t c\ld be1 = we 7    
evid5tly approa*+ a small t[n4 ,h[      
diff]5t x look$ f all we _h read & he>d 
( ,la ,gr&e ,*>treuse6 ,our amazem5t    

increas$ :5 ! c>riage 0 driv5 up 9 front
 ( a small inn2 ! driv]1 gett+ d[n1 op5$
 ! door1 & said1 ) evid5t satisfaction1 
,n\s voila4 ,we dem&$ an explanation1 & 
8 reply 0 t ?is 0 ,/4 ,laur5t du ,pont1 
& z f> z he c\ld take u4 ,"h we #hca    
c\ld ei!r procure ano!r c>riage or mules
 to c>ry u up ! m\nta9 to ! mona/]y1 :i*
 we might rea* 9 ab\t two h\rs4  ,x 0   
difficult to suppress all ! indignation 
"o felt at be+ s completely tak5 92 & we
 ?reat5$ ! un=tunate driv] ) all k9ds ( 
compla9ts on our return to ,gr5oble4    
,!re 0 no?+ to be done1 s we agre$ we _h
 bett] make ! be/ ( x4 ,x 0 five        
o'clock1 & we c\ld n af=d to wa/e our "t
 9 words2 s we ord]$ ano!r c>riage1 & 9 
a few m9utes a mo/ rickety1 un9vit+     
conveyance 0 br\ght to ! door4 ,/4      
,laur5t du ,pont is situat$ at ! op5+ ( 
! n>r[ gorge lead+ to ! wild solitude   
:]e ! mona/]y is built4 ,! sc5]y 0 gr& &
 beautiful z we gradually began ! asc5t 
ab\t a mile f ,/4 ,laur5t du ,pont1 :]e 
! m\nta9s clos$ ^u our road1 & ! rocky  

/ream ( ! ,gui]s ,mort brawl+ b5ea? u4  
,tall p9es & /ately trees ov]%ad[$ u1   
ris+ f ! almo/ nak$ rocks !mselves4 ,"o 
( ! great peculi>ities ( ! ,*>treuse    
m\nta9 is ! extreme luxuriance ( !      
vegetation1 m+l$ z x is ) ! huge blocks 
( lime/one1 :i* sometimes =m$ walls on  
ei!r side ( our way4 ,we _h a mis]able  
horse1 :i* /\tly refus$ to g beyond a   
sleepy walk1 ! driv] & ! horse be+ ( !  
same dreamy nature4 ,we lo/ all pati5ce1
 & got out4 ,no language c adequately   
describe ! enjoym5t ( t walk4 ,! sc5]y1 
s sublimely wild2 ! s\nd ( ! ru%+       
torr5t1 n[ f> bel[ our road1 fill$ u )  
awe4 ,! p9es1 ris+ l weird giants by !  
m\nta9 side1 mile aft] mile2 ! sc5e     
*ang+ & becom+ m maje/ic ) e curve ( !  
road4 ,e n[ & !n we cross$ a h&somely   
built /one bridge1 erect$ by ! good     
monks1 across ! torr5t1 & pass$ "u      
sev]al tunnels cut ?r\gh ! rock4 ,! sun 
0 decl9+1 & no?+ c\ld exce$ ! beauty ( !
 ev5+2 we _h walk$ = ne>ly two h\rs 9   
almo/ un9t]rupt$ sil5ce1 = !re 0 t 9 !  

solemnity ( ! sc5e1 z we p5etrat$ fur!r 
into ! he>t ( ! des]t1 :i* fill$ "o's   
m9d ) ?\ghts & "o's s\l ) feel+s :i*    
c\ld n be utt]$4 ,at l5g?1 on a sudd5   
turn 9 ! road1 ! breeze waft$ t[>d u !  
s\nd ( ! *apel-bell1 r++1 we suppos$1 = 
vesp]s4 ,?is 0 truly a mo/ grateful s\nd
 to our e>s1 = we 7 we>y ) our walk & ! 
excitem5t ( ! sc5e1 & long$ = our       
j\rney's end4 ,a few /eps fur!r1 & ! va/
 mona/]y lay be=e u4 ,h[ solemn & sil5t 
x look$6 ,! tones ( ! bell1 h[ sweetly  
musical !y 76 ,to li/5 to !m1 to gaze on
 t gray pile1 &1 high above x1 on ! l(ty
 sn[-capp$ peaks ( ! m\nta9s1 0 an      
indescribable re/4 ,h[ wond]fully gr& 0 
t m\nta9 top6 & f> beyond ! =e/s ( p9e  
rose /ill m di/ant m\nta9 peaks1 asc5d+ 
until !y rea*$ ! v skies1 n[ gild$ ) all
 ! glories ( a sett+ sun4 ,x fill$ "o ) 
peace ! ?\ght ( all ! c5turies t t va/  
pile _h la/$2 ( ! long ages ! voices ( !
 monks _h m+l$ ) ! v>i$ voices ( nature 
9 "o hymn ( praise to ! almighty        
,creator ( all4 ,we wait$ until !       

arrival ( our c>riage int]rupt$ our     
mus+s4 ,x c\ld g no fur!r2 s1 foll[$ by 
! driv] c>ry+ our baggage1 we walk$ up  
to ! door ( ! conv5t ( ! ,soeurs de la  
,provid5ce1 :]e we 7 mo/ hospitably     
receiv$4 ,a fri5dly si/] took u to our  
cells1 & said supp] w\ld %ortly be      
ready4 ,! blaz+ logs ( p9e 9 a huge     
fireplace 9 ! refectory 7 mo/ *e]+1 = ! 
ev5+ air 0 q cold 9 ^! high regions ev5 
at ! close ( a hot ,june day4 ,a maigre 
supp] 0 s]v$ at half-pa/ sev54 ,we 7    
amus$ to he> t x _h all be5 cook$ by !  
monks1 & s5t to u f ! mona/]y1 #hcb :]e 
no?+ b maigre is ev] all[$4  ,f eight to
 n9e we walk$ r\nd ! mona/]y1 foll[+ a  
pa? close to ! d>k p9e =e/1 :i* =ms !   
backgr\nd to ! build+4 ,we c\ld look d[n
 f ?is height ^u ! cells1 *ur*1 & little
 g>d5s ( ! monks4 ,return+ t[>d !       
hospice1 we met ! rev]5d "m & a si/]2 !y
 took u into ! little *apel :]e we 7 to 
he> mass ! foll[+ morn+4 ,x 0 v pla9 &  
small2 !re 0 a grille 9 front ( ! alt>1 
on :i* ! bless$ sacram5t 0 n res]v$4    

,:at a trial ?is mu/ be to ! good si/]s6
  ,at half-pa/ n9e1 rev4 "m advis$ our  
retir+ to our cells1 z we 7 to be up    
e>ly ! next morn+1 & en r\te = ,/4      
,bruno's *apel by half-pa/ f\r4 ,a v    
intellig5t "y guide 0 provid$ u2 he told
 u he _h sp5t 8 life ) ! fa!rs1 & hop$  
to live !re to ! end4 ,he 0 extremely   
communicative & will+ to answ] all our  
que/ions4  ,!re are ab\t =ty monks 9 ?is
 mona/]y1 beside sev]al lay bro!rs4 ,!  
monks live ea* 9 8 cell1 :i* has a      
little g>d5 atta*$ to x4 ,!y ma9ta9     
sil5ce1 except+ on ,sundays & great     
fe/ivals1 & dur+ _! ,monday walk toge!r 
?r\gh ! des]t = f\r h\rs4 ,!y eat alone 
9 _! cells1 except+ on ,sundays2 ea*    
"o's maigre meal is pass$ by a lay bro!r
 f ! cloi/] ?r\gh a little turn into 8  
cell4 ,on ,sundays !y g to ! *oir at all
 ! h\rs except compl92 on o!r days !y   
only g to s+ mat9s & lauds at midnight2 
= high mass & vesp]s2 ! o!r h\rs are    
recit$ 9 _! cells4 ,wom5 are n only     
exclud$ _! enclosure1 b ev5 _! *ur*1 "u 

pa9 ( excommunication4 ,x 0 v tantaliz+ 
to he> ( _! solemn midnight (fice1 sung 
z x is 9 d>kness2 ea* monk takes ) him  
into *oir a d>k lant]n1 & = ea* antiphon
 he does n "k op5s a slide :i* ?r[s !   
light on x4 ,x mu/ h a wond]ful effect  
^! sudd5 fla%es ( light1 light+ up !    
,*>treux1 clo!d 9 _! :ite wooll5 habits1
 ) _! patri>*al be>ds & hood$ heads4    
,beside ! div9e (fice1 !y say ! (fice ( 
our ,bless$ ,lady1 &1 almo/ e day1 !    
(fice ( ! dead4 ,_! libr>y 0 plund]$ by 
! revolutioni/s1 & n[ =ms ! public      
libr>y at ,gr5oble1 "o ( ! f9e/ small   
collections ( books 9 ,france4 ,ne>ly   
all ?is we le>nt f our guide :ile walk+ 
up to ! *apel ( ,/4 ,bruno4 ,be=e we    
rea*$ x1 f> into ! mid/ ( a d>k =e/1 we 
came to ! *apel call$ ,de ,casalibus1   
erect$ ^u ! v spot :]e ! fir/ conv5t    
/ood1 :i* 0 de/roy$ by an avalan*e4 ,!  
*apel ( ,/4 ,bruno is built ov] ! same  
rock "u :i* he dwelt1 beside a gu%+     
spr+1 8 only bev]age1 :i* supplies !    
mona/]y to ?is day4  ,! *apel is ab\t an

 h\r's walk above ! pres5t mona/]y4 ,x  
is v pla91 b adorn$ ) frescoes1         
repres5t+ "s ( ! e>ly fa!rs ( ! ord]4 ,a
 mo/ beautiful alt> /&s at "o end ( x1 (
 exquisitely c>v$ ,italian m>bles1 on   
:i* has be5 plac$ ! same alt>-/one on   
:i* ,/4 ,bruno celebrat$ ! holy my/]ies2
 beh9d ?is is a basso-relievo ( ,/4     
,bruno1 ) our ,bless$ ,lady appe>+ to   
him1 beautifully execut$4 ,we l+]$ "h   
a:ile1 lo? to leave s holy a spot4 ,!   
guide told u t !re are frequ5tly z _m z 
sixty masses said 9 ! ,*>treuse *ur* 9  
"o morn+4 ,_m hundr$ prie/s make _!     
annual retreat "h4 ,:at place1 inde$1   
c\ld !y f9d m fitt+ = ! repose _! s\ls  
?ir/ =6 ,"h truly !y might die to ! _w &
 all its allurem5ts1 & m$itate 9 peace  
on ! deep my/]ies ( ,god & et]nity4 ,we 
desc5d$ ! m\nta9 to assi/ at ! (f]+ ( ! 
holy sacrifice at sev5 o'clock 9 !      
little *apel we _h #hcc visit$ on !     
previ\s ev5+1 ,x 0 a great joy to make  
our communion 9 ?is va/ m\nta9 solitude1
 :]e all comb9$ to elevate ! s\l to     

,god4 ,we _h hop$ a ,c>?usian w\ld say  
mass1 b 9 ?is 7 disappo9t$1 = a secul>  
prie/ _h be5 reque/$ to d s by ! ladies 
( 8 p>ty4  ,at ! ,homo factus e/ ( !    
,cr$o1 ! fa!rs pro/rate !mselves on !   
gr\nd1 & ! mode ( celebrat+ mass is     
/range1 & diff]s 9 _m po9ts f ! ord9>y  
mass ( secul>s4 ,z ! bless$ sacram5t 0 n
 res]v$ 9 ! *apel1 we pref]r$ f9i%+ our 
?anksgiv+ b5ea? ! blue sky on ! skirts (
 ! =e/ ( p9es4 ,aft] breakfa/ we ta/$ ! 
celebrat$ liqueur made by ! monks f !   
wild m\nta9 fl[]s4 ,x 0 v good2 !re 0 a 
c]ta9 *>m 9 tak+ x on ! spot :]e x 0    
made4 ,we _h a talk ) ! rev]5d "m1 &    
left ) h] a long li/ ( int5tions to be  
giv5 to ! fa!rs1 ask+ especially _!     
pray]s = ! conv]sion ( ,engl&4 ,?is1 we 
7 ?ankful to he>1 0 frequ5tly an object 
( _! devotions4 ,be=e leav+1 our        
curiosity to see "s ( ! fa!rs 0         
gratifi$2 = two came out to give        
in/ructions to "s workm54 ,we began to  
desc5d ! m\nta9 at ab\t half-pa/ eight1 
arriv$ at ,/4 ,laur5t du ,pont ab\t t51 

& z soon z our c>riage ( ! previ\s day 0
 ready />t$ = ,gr5oble4 ,once ! horse   
came to a dead /op1 & we fanci$ ! driv] 
wi%$ to prolong our j\rney z long z he  
c\ld1 t we might h no "t = mak+ !       
?reat5$ compla9ts on rea*+ ,gr5oble4 ,z 
x 01 we arriv$ !re five m9utes be=e ! "t
 fix$ = our dep>ture at half pa/-"o4    
,!re 0 h>dly a m9ute to get any?+ to eat
 beyond "s fruit & bread :i* we took )  
u4 ,s ! driv] escap$ 8 puni%m5t1 aft]   
all4  ------  ,f ,! ,read]4  ,,dea? ,,by
 ,,lightn+4   ,p 9 g5]al imag9e1 if !y  
?9k at all ab\t ! matt]1 t an impression
 ^u ! n]ves--a bl[1 = example1 or !     
prick ( a p9--is felt ! mom5t x is      
inflict$4 ,b ?is is n ! case4 ,! n]ves  
are n ! repositories ( s5sation2 !y are 
b ! conductors ( ! motion :i* produces  
s5sation4 ,! seat ( s5sation is ! bra91 
& to x ! intellig5ce ( any injury done  
to ! n]ves has to be transmitt$1 be=e t 
injury becomes manife/ 9 consci\sness4  
,! transmission1 moreov]1 requires "t1 &
 ! consequ5ce is1 t a w\nd inflict$ at a

 portion ( ! body di/ant f ! bra9 is m  
t>dily appreciat$ ?an "o inflict$       
adjac5t to ! bra94 ,by an extremely     
+5i\s exp]im5tal arrangem5t1 ,helmholtz 
has det]m9$ ! velocity ( n]v\s          
transmission bo? 9 w>m-blood$ &         
cold-blood$ animals4 ,9 a frog1 he f\nd 
! velocity to be ab\t eighty feet a     
second1 or less ?an "o-?irte5? ( !      
velocity ( s\nd 9 air4 ,if ?is holds    
good1 :i* x probably does1 9 ! case ( a 
:ale1 !n a creature ( ?is class1 eighty 
feet long1 if w\nd$ 9 ! tail1 w\ld n1 z 
,helmholtz has rem>k$1 be consci\s ( !  
injury till a second aft] ! w\nd _h be5 
inflict$4 ,b ?is is n ! only +r$i5t 9 ! 
delay t occurs betwe5 ! impression on   
#hcd ! n]ves & ! consci\sness ( !       
impression4 ,!re c sc>cely be a d\bt t  
to e act ( consci\sness belongs a       
det]m9ate molecul> arrangem5t ( !       
bra9--t e ?\ght or feel+ has its        
physical correlative 9 t organ2 & no?+ c
 be m c]ta9 ?an t e physical *ange1 :e!r
 molecul> or me*anical1 requires "t =   

its accompli%m5t4 ,s t1 ev5 aft] !      
intellig5ce ( an impression1 made ^u a  
di/ant portion ( ! body1 has rea*$ !    
bra91 a /ill fur!r "t is necess>y = !   
bra9 itself to put its h\se 9 ord]--=   
its molecules to take up ! position     
necess>y to ! completion ( consci\sness4
 ,helmholtz consid]s "o-t5? ( a second  
necess>y = ?is purpose4 ,?us1 9 ! case (
 ! :ale above suppos$1 we h fir/ "o     
second consum$ 9 ! transmission (       
intellig5ce ?r\gh ! s5sor n]ves f ! tail
 to ! head2 "o-t5? ( a second is requir$
 by ! bra9 to become consci\s ( !       
intellig5ce x has receiv$2 &1 if !      
velocity ( transmission ?r\gh ! motor be
 ! same z t ?r\gh ! s5sor n]ves1 a      
second w\ld be consum$ 9 s5d+ a comm& to
 ! tail to def5d itself4 ,?us m ?an two 
seconds w\ld elapse be=e an impression  
made ^u its caudal n]ves c\ld be        
respond$ to by a :ale eighty feet long4 
,n[1 x is q conceivable t an injury     
might be inflict$ :i* w\ld r5d] ! n]ves 
unfit to be ! conductors ( ! motion :i* 

results 9 s5sation2 & if su* a ?+       
occurr$1 no matt] h[ sev]e ! injury     
might be1 we %\ld n be consci\s ( x4 ,or
 x may be1 t long be=e ! "t requir$ = ! 
bra9 itself to complete ! arrangem5t    
necess>y = ! act ( consci\sness1 its p[]
 ( arrangem5t might be :olly susp5d$4 ,9
 su* case also1 ?\gh ! injury might be (
 su* a nature z to cause dea?1 ?is w\ld 
occur n only )\t pa91 b absolutely )\t  
feel+ ( any k9d4  ,dea?1 9 ?is case1    
w\ld be simply ! sudd5 negation ( life1 
accompli%$ )\t any int]v5tion (         
consci\sness4 ,d\btless1 !re are _m k9ds
 ( dea? ( ?is "*4 ,! passage ( a musket 
bullet ?r\gh ! bra9 is a case 9 po9t2 & 
! placid aspect ( a man ?us kill$ is 9  
p]fect accordance ) ! conclusion :i*    
might be drawn a priori f ! exp]im5ts ( 
,helmholtz4 ,cases ( ins5sibility1      
moreov]1 are n uncommon1 :i* d n result 
9 dea?1 & aft] :i* ! p]son affect$ has  
be5 able to te/ify t no pa9 0 felt prior
 to ! loss ( consci\sness4  ,! "t       
requir$ = a rifle-bullet to pass clean  

?r\gh a man's head may be r\ghly e/imat$
 at "o-?\s&? ( a second4 ,"h1 !re=e1 we 
%\ld h no room = s5sation1 & dea? w\ld  
be pa9less4 ,b !re are o!r actions :i*  
f> transc5d 9 rapidity t ( !            
rifle-bullet4 ,a fla% ( lightn+ cleaves 
a cl\d1 appe>+ & disappe>+ 9 less ?an   
"o-hundr$-?\s&? ( a second1 & ! velocity
 ( electricity is su* z w\ld c>ry x ov] 
a di/ance equal to t :i* sep>ates ! e>? 
& moon 9 a s+le second4 ,x is well kn[n 
t a lum9\s impression once made ^u !    
ret9a endures = ab\t "o-six? ( a second1
 & t ?is is ! reason :y we see a ribbon 
( light :5 a gl[+ coal is caus$ to pass 
rapidly ?r\gh ! air4 ,a body illum9at$  
by an in/antane\s fla% cont9ues to be   
se5 = ! six? ( a second aft] ! fla% has 
become ext9ct2 & if ! body ?us illum9at$
 be 9 motion1 x appe>s at re/ at ! place
 :i* x occupi$ :5 ! fla% fell ^u x4 ,!  
color-top is famili> to mo/ ( u4 ,by ?is
 in/rum5t a disk ) diff]5tly color$     
sectors is caus$ to rotate rapidly2 !   
colors bl5d toge!r1 & if !y are *os5 9 !

 proportions necess>y to =m :ite light1 
! disk appe>s :ite :5 ! motion is       
suffici5tly rapid4 ,su* a top1 rotat+   
#hce 9 a d>k room1 & illum9at$ by an    
electric sp>k1 appe>s motionless1 ea*   
di/9ct color be+ cle>ly se54 ,pr(essor  
,dove has f\nd t a fla% ( lightn+       
produces ! same effect4 ,dur+ a         
?und]-/orm he put a color-top 9 exce$+ly
 rapid motion1 & f\nd t e fla% reveal$ !
 top z a motionless object ) colors     
di/9ct4 ,if illum9at$ solely by a fla% (
 lightn+1 ! motion ( all bodies on !    
e>?'s surface w\ld1 z ,dove has rem>k$1 
appe> susp5d$4 ,a cannon-ball1 =        
example1 w\ld h its flight app>5tly     
arre/$1 & w\ld seem to hang motionless 9
 space z long z ! lum9\s impression :i* 
reveal$ ! ball rema9$ ^u ! eye4  ,if1   
!n1 a rifle-bullet move ) suffici5t     
rapidity to de/roy life )\t !           
int]position ( s5sation1 mu* m is a fla%
 ( lightn+ compet5t to produce ?is      
effect4 ,accord+ly1 we h well au!nticat$
 cases ( p be+ /ruck s5seless by lightn+

 :o1 on recov]y1 _h no memory ( pa94 ,! 
foll[+ circum/antial case is describ$ by
 ,hemm]3 ,on ! #cj? ( ,june1 #aghh1 a   
soldi] 9 ! neighborhood ( ,manheim1 be+ 
ov]tak5 by ra91 plac$ himself "u a tree1
 b5ea? :i* a woman _h previ\sly tak5    
%elt]4 ,he look$ upw>d to see :e!r !    
bran*es 7 ?ick en\gh to af=d ! requir$  
protection1 &1 9 do+ s1 0 /ruck by      
lightn+1 & fell s5seless to ! e>?4 ,!   
woman at 8 side exp]i5c$ ! %ock 9 h]    
foot1 b 0 n /ruck d[n4 ,"s h\rs aft]w>d 
! man reviv$1 b knew no?+ ab\t :at _h   
occurr$1 save ! fact ( 8 look+ up at !  
bran*es4 ,?is 0 8 la/ act (             
consci\sness1 & he pass$ f ! consci\s to
 ! unconsci\s condition )\t pa94 ,!     
visible m>ks ( a lightn+ /roke are      
usually insignificant3 ! hair is        
sometimes burnt2 slight w\nds are       
obs]v$2 :ile1 9 "s in/ances1 a r$ /reak 
m>ks ! track ( ! dis*>ge ov] ! sk94  ,! 
effects ( a %ock ( artificial lightn+ on
 a g5tleman ( our acqua9tance1 :o is v  
s5sitive to ! electric dis*>ge1 may be  

"h describ$4 ,"u ord9>y circum/ances !  
dis*>ge f a small ,leyd5 j> is exce$+ly 
unpleasant to him4 ,"s "t ago he happ5$ 
to /& 9 ! pres5ce ( a num]\s audi5ce1 ) 
a batt]y ( fifte5 l>ge ,leyd5 j>s *>g$  
beside him4 ,?r\gh "s awkw>dness on 8   
"p1 he t\*$ a wire :i* he _h no "r to   
t\*1 & ! dis*>ge ( ! batt]y w5t ?r\gh 8 
body4 ,"h life 0 absolutely blott$ out =
 a v s5sible int]val1 )\t a trace ( pa94
 ,9 a second or two consci\sness        
return$2 ! recipi5t ( ! %ock saw himself
 9 ! pres5ce ( 8 audi5ce & app>atus1 &  
by ! help ( ^! ext]nal facts imm$iately 
conclud$ t he _h receiv$ ! batt]y       
dis*>ge4 ,8 intellectual consci\sness ( 
8 position 0 re/or$ ) exce$+ rapidity1 b
 n s 8 optical consci\sness4 ,to prev5t 
! audi5ce f be+ al>m$1 he obs]v$ t x _h 
(t5 be5 8 desire to receive accid5tally 
su* a %ock1 & t 8 wi% _h at l5g? be5    
fulfill$4 ,b :ile mak+ ?is rem>k1 !     
appe>ance :i* 8 body pres5t$ to him 0 t 
( a numb] ( sep>ate pieces4 ,! arms1 =  
example1 7 deta*$ f ! trunk1 & seem$    

susp5d$ 9 ! air4 ,9 fact1 memory1 & !   
p[] ( reason+1 appe>$ to be complete    
long be=e ! optic n]ve 0 re/or$ to      
heal?y action4 ,b :at we wi% *iefly to  
dwell ^u "h is1 ! absolute pa9lessness (
 ! %ock2 & !re _c be a d\bt1 to a p]son 
/ruck dead by lightn+1 ! passage f life 
to dea? occurs )\t consci\sness be+ 9 ! 
lea/ degree implicat$4 ,x is an abrupt  
/oppage ( s5sation1 unaccompani$ by a   
pang4  ------  #hcf  ,f ,! ,dubl9       
,univ]sity ,magaz9e  ,,london4   ,a     
,dubl9 saunt]] ( antiqu>ian prop5sities 
pac+ ! flags 9 front ( ,*ri/ *ur*1 or   
elb[+ 8 tr\blesome way d[n ! n>r[ defile
 call$ ,ca/le /reet1 c sc>cely escape a 
c]ta9 s5se ( awe z he looks on ! h\ses &
 ! pass5g]s1 & d>ts a ?\ght back ?r\gh  
dim & tr\bl$ "t till he /rives to arrive
 at an idea (' ! fir/ inhabitants & !   
sc5e 9 :i* !y play$ out _! %ort p>ts4   
,pass+ ov] ! my/]i\s & weak race t      
prec$$ ! ,gaels1 he fancies ^! la/ 9 _! 
qua9t g>b go+ ab\t _! ord9>y            
occupations1 or ru%+ to _! e>? m\nds &  

dykes to repel ! fi]ce ,nor?m54 ,!n pass
 be=e 8 m9d's eye ! successive races (  
diff]5t spee*1 & diff]5t g>b1 & diff]5t 
int]e/s--! ,danes1 ,dano-,celts1 & !    
,anglo ,normans1 employ$ 9 fi]ce        
/ruggles ) ea* o!r1 & ea* look+ on !    
ev5ts ( 8 own times z p>am\nt to all t  
ev] agitat$ society till !n4 ,all n[    
quiet & sil5t 9 ! du/4 ,! %opkeep]      
att5d+ to 8 cu/om]s1 ! tippl] /epp+ into
 ! corn] %op = a dram1 & ! c>man smok+ 8
 pipe1 & giv+ 8 bea/ a m\?ful ( hay1 are
 z unconsci\s ( any p]sonal connection )
 ! dead g5]ations z if !y _h sprung full
 gr[n & furni%$ ) clo?+ f ! fat glebe ( 
! neighbor+ ,pho5ix ,p>k4  ,s w\ld feel 
/ill m int5sely an ar*aeologi/ on ,t[]  
,hill1 or by ! ,fleet ,dit*1 or on      
,london ,bridge1 if ! ev] hurry+ &      
fev]i% cr[d w\ld all[ him to conc5trate 
8 ?\ghts on any?+4  ,h[ x %\ld make !   
feel+s ( ! mo/ dri$ up anatomy ( an     
ar*aeologi/ gl[1 :51 ?r[+ 8 ?\ghts ne>ly
 n9ete5 c5turies back1 he sees ! mighty 
robb] conduct+ 8 b&1 gu>d$ by /rong     

def5ces ( bronze1 & lea!r1 & wood1 to ! 
bank ( ! !n cle> riv]1 & prep>+ to inve/
 & de/roy t ill-arm$ b h]oic body (     
brave m5 on ! o!r side1 :o1 9 def5ce (  
_! weak *ildr51 & lov+ & high-s\l$ wives
 & daught]s1 w soon s5d _m an arm$ &    
ru?less ,roman soldi] to %iv] on ! cold 
banks ( ,/yx4  ,& :at 0 ! pr(it ( all ! 
plott+1 & all ! unju/ w>f>e1 wag$ by m5 
s+le or 9 masses aga9/ ^? !y consid]$ _!
 foem58 ,!y %ort5$ ! c>e] ( _! oppon5ts1
 !y %ort5$ _! own lives4 ,!y pref]r$ a  
%ort & turbul5t exi/5ce to ! long] &    
quiet] span int5d$ = !m1 !y pass$ away1 
& 7 ei!r spe$ily =gott51 or rememb]$ b  
to be curs$4  ,x is a bewild]+          
occupation to a /rang] to contemplate a 
map ( ,london 9 ord] to acquire "s      
di/9ct notion ( ! numb] & arrangem5t ( !
 /reets 7an idea ( ! inhabitants is out 
( ! "q71 to pond] h[ ! c\ntless         
multitude c be f$ & clo!d1 & to reflect 
t if old "m e>? %\ld lose h] fruit-be>+ 
qualities = "o ye>1 h[ little w\ld avail
 ! beauty1 ! brav]y1 ! wit1 ! +5uity1 ! 

indu/ry1 & ! intellig5ce ( ! ?ree       
million inhabitants1 to prev5t ! circuit
 ( fam$ ,london f becom+ a va/          
*>nel-h\se4  ,our e>lie/ hi/orians 7 !  
poets1 ^! 7 succe$$ by ! romanc]s4      
,ge(fry ( ,monm\?1 translat+ ! ,*ronicle
 ( ,k+s br\ght f ,brittany1 in=m$ ! #hcg
 p ( ! twelf? c5tury t ,brutus1         
great-gr&son ( ,eneas1 aft] _m voyages &
 adv5tures1 f\nd$ a t[n ab\t :]e ! ,t[] 
has long /ood1 & call$ x ,new ,troy4    
,?is 0 aft]w>d *ang$ to ,tr9obantum4    
,lud1 bro!r to ,cassibelan1 aga9 gave x 
8 own "n--,ca] ,lud4 ,h5ce ,lud/[n s(t5$
 to ,london4 ,o!r d]ivations = ! city's 
"n are n at all r>e4 ,f ! ,celtic words 
,leana1 m>% or mead[2 ,l9n1 a pool2     
,lung1 or ,long1 a %ip2 & ,dunn1 a =t1 x
 is easy to make out ! =t among !       
mead[s1 ! =t ( ! pool1 or ! =t ( ! %ips4
 ,! si/] city1 ,dubl91 is simply black  
pool4  ,z anci5t ,dubl9 occupi$ at fir/ 
only ! hill ( :i* ! ca/le occupies !    
s\?-ea/]n spur1 s ,t[] ,hill1 ,ludgate  
,hill1 ,cornhill1 & ,holborn ,hill1 =m$ 

! site ( ! orig9al ,briti% ,dun or      
,duns4 ,h5ce ! mo/ int]e/+ portion (    
,london to an antiqu>y mu/ include ^?   
places ( /r5g?4 ,b z ! m ea/]ly em95ces 
h mu* long] ceas$ to be fa%ionable ?an  
our ,fi%amble & ,essex /reets1 & !      
traditions ( ,london lit]>y *>act]s f ! 
"t ( ,elizabe? date f regions fur!r we/1
 mo/ writ]s *oose to expatiate on !     
build+s t lie betwe5 ,:itehall & ,temple
 ,b>1 & on ! rem>kable p]sonages &      
incid5ts connect$ ) !m4 ,*>les ,knight 0
 unable to say 8 say conc]n+ ! mod]n    
,babylon 9 few] ?an six royal octavo    
volumes1 & ! portly octavo lately put =?
 by ,mr4 ,?ornbury is conc]n$ ) a v     
small area ( ! city1 ,temple ,b> be+ at 
its s\?-ea/ angle1 & ! ,/r&1 ,/4 ,m>t9's
 lane1 ,holborn1 & ,*anc]y lane its     
b\nd>ies4   ,,! ,,/r&4  ,temple ,b>1 t  
n>r[ neck ?r\gh :i* ! /ruggl+ s&s f9d _!
 way ) difficulty f ! ,/r& & ! ,fleet   
portions ( ! great h\r-glass1 & :i* is  
look$ on by %all[ read]s z a relic ( ho>
 antiquity1 dates only f #afgj1 f\r ye>s

 aft] ! great fire4 ,x =ms ! po9t (     
junction betwe5 ! cities ( ,london &    
,we/m9/]1 & 9 e>ly times 0 only provid$ 
) po/s1 rails1 & a *a94 ,^! 7 succe$$ by
 a wood5 h\se ) a n>r[ gate-way & a     
passage on "o side4 ,! pres5t /ructure  
is incumb]$ ) ! /atues ( ,elizabe?1     
,james ,i41 ,*>les ,i41 & ,*>les ,,ii41 
all di/+ui%$1 accord+ to ,mr4 ,?ornbury1
 by feeble heads1 crimp$ drap]y1 & feet 
& h&s kept :iti% by ! ra91 !            
non-project+ portions ( ! bodies rejoic+
 9 m ?an a c5tury ( d>k atmosph]ic      
deposits4  ,mr4 ,?ornbury's selection   
includes ! long l9e ( palaces t once    
adorn$ ! ,/r& or ,riv]-bank /reet1 !    
haunts ( arti/s 9 ,/4 ,m>t9's lane1 !   
traditions ( ,long ,acre1 ! rem9isc5ces 
connect$ ) ,drury lane1 & ! old h\ses ( 
! nobility 9 ,l9coln's-,inn ,fields4    
,"o ( ! mo/ rem>kable ( ! f9e build+s ( 
! ,/r& is t :i* be>s ! "n ( ! ambiti\s  
bro!r ( ,jane ,seym\r1 ! ,duke (        
,som]set1 :o boa/$ t he c\ld mu/]       
reta9]s to ! numb] ( #aj1jjj4 ,to erect 

8 palace1 :i*1 by ! way1 0 unf9i%$ at 8 
dea?1 he demoli%$ ! p>i% *ur* ( ,/4     
,m>y1 & pull$ d[n ! h\ses ( ! bi%ops (  
,worce/]1 ,ll&aff1 & ,li*field4 ,he w\ld
 also h appropriat$ ,/4 ,m>g>et's at    
,we/m9/]1 b ! mob w\ld n sanction !     
sacrilege4 ,moreov]1 he de/roy$ a *apel 
9 ,/4 ,paul's ,*ur*-y>d1 ) a cloi/]     
conta9+ ! ,dance ( ,dea?1 & a *>nel-h\se
 7bury+ ! bones 9 unconsecrat$ gr\nd74  
,to cr[n 8 acts ( rap9e he /ole ! /one (
 a *ur* ( ,/4 ,john ne> ,smi?field4 ,x  
is n wor? m5tion+ ! c>ry+ away ( ! /one 
( ! ,/r& ,inn1 x be+ ! prop]ty ( !      
lawy]s1 :o c\ld af=d to be robb$4  #hch 
,! ,dani% consort ( our ,solomon ,i4 "h 
delight$ all :o _h no objection to      
spectacles1 9 :i* ! h&some que5 & h]    
ladies masqu]ad$ to _! own & _! admir]s'
 cont5t4 ,r>e ,b5 ,jonson 0 surely elat$
 by ! li/s ( royal & noble p]sonages :o 
pres5t$ 8 masques4 ,f ?is same noble    
resid5ce ,*>les ,i4 _h "s tr\ble 9      
dislodg+ ! ,gallic foll[]s ( 8 /urdy    
que51 ) :om 8 h>d-head$ &               

wood5-%oe-abhorr+ subjects _h come to be
 at deadly feud4 ,z !y 7 r too t$i\s 9  
%ift+ ! halt]1 & trav]s+ ! c>t1 ! poor  
k+ 0 oblig$ to write ?us to ,buck+ham3  
,,/e5ie1--,i h receiv$ y\r lett] by     
,dick ,greame4 ,?is is my   answ]4 ,i   
comm& y to s5d all ! ,fr5* away to-morr[
 out (   ! t[n1 if y c by fair means 7b 
/ick n long 9   disput+71 o!rwise =ce !m
 away1 driv+ !m away l s   _m wild bea/s
 until y h %ipp$ !m1 & !--g ) !m6   ,let
 me he> no answ] b ( ! p]=mance ( my    
comm&4 ,s ,i re/1   ,y\r fai?ful1       
con/ant1 lov+ fri5d1   ,c4 ,r4   ,oak+1 
! sev5? ( ,augu/1 #afbf4    ,! ,fr5*    
inv5t+ all sorts ( vexati\s delays1 !   
yeom5 (   ! gu>d at la/ jo/l$ !m out1   
c>t+ !m (f 9 ne>ly =ty   coa*es4 ,!y    
arriv$ at ,dov] aft] f\r days' t$i\s    
travell+1   wrangl+ & bewail+4   ,que5  
,h5rietta tak+ "p 9 a masque at ,*ri/mas
 9 #afcb-c1 & ,prynne's ,hi/rioma/ix    
happ5+ to be publi%$ ! next day1 ! poor 
man lo/ 8 e>s = an uncomplim5t>y rem>k  
on wom5-actors1 :i* 0 f\nd 9 ! m>g91    

?\gh x c\ld n possibly h be5 writt5 )   
any ref]5ce to ! que5's appe>ance on t  
occasion4  ,to ,som]set ,h\se return$   
,h5rietta ,m>ia aft] ! re/oration1 & !re
 ! g>rul\s ,pepys paid 8 respects to h] 
z well z to ,madame ,ca/lema9e4         
,by-&-by1 9 came ! k+ & ,duke & ,du*ess 
( ,york4 ,! conv]sation 0 n a v decor\s 
"o1 & ! "y que5 7,ca!r9e ( ,braganza7   
said to ,*>les1 'y lie1' :i* made good  
sport1 z ! *uckl+ & delight$ ,pepys     
rem>ks1 ^? be+ ! fir/ ,engli% words he  
_h he>d h] say2 & ! k+ !n tri$ to make  
h] reply1 'confess & be hang$4'  ,! mo/ 
/rik+ object 9 ! old days ( ! ,/r& 0 !  
new ,maypole :i* replac$ ! old "o tak5  
d[n by ,oliv]'s ,p>liam5t4 ,x 0 ( c$>   
wood1 #acd feet high1 & /ood 9 front ( !
 *ur* ( ,/4 ,m>y4 ,x 0 br\ght 9 two     
pieces f bel[ ,bridge1 ! splic+ made    
secure by iron b&s1 ?ree cr[ns fa/5$    
t[>d its top1 & !n ! tall article 0     
rais$ by twelve sailors to a v]tical    
position1 & firmly imb$d$4 ,! op]ation 0
 happily accompli%$ "u ! sup]9t5d5ce ( !

 ,duke ( ,york 9 f\r h\rs4 ,!n s\nd$    
trumpets & drums2 & morris-danc]s 9     
motley attire1 & enliv5$ by ! music (   
pipe & tabor1 danc$ 9 glee ar\nd x1 :ile
 ?\s&s ( ?roats became ho>se ) loyal    
%\t+4 ,james w\ld h f\nd little enjoym5t
 9 ! g5]al glee1 if he c\ld at ! mom5t h
 _h a prophetic glimpse ( 8 wife1 ) h]  
infant son fold$ to h] brea/1 pac+ along
 ! riv] bank 9 d\bt & fe>1 & wat*+ = !  
fri5dly boat t 0 to convey h] f !       
unfri5dly city4  ,:5 ! pole t succe$$   
?is 0 oblig$ to abdicate1 x 0 pres5t$ to
 ,sir ,isaac ,newton1 :o aga9 pres5t$ x 
to ! rector ( ,wan/ead1 & 9 ,wan/ead p>k
 x help$ to support ! l>ge/ telescope !n
 kn[n4  ,f ?is memorable if un$ify+     
goal1 ,pope />t$ ! rac]s 9 ! ,dunciad3  
#hci    ,amid/ ! area wide !y took _!   
/&1   ,:]e ! tall maypole once o'erlook$
 ! ,/r&2   ,b n[1 z ,anne & piety orda91
   ,a *ur* collects ! sa9ts ( ,drury    
lane4  ,9 ! old palace ( ! ,savoy once  
liv$ ,john ( ,gaunt2 ,john1 ,k+ (       
,france1 ! ,black ,pr9ce's captive1 di$ 

!re2 ,george ,)]1 ! poet1 is buri$ !re2 
& !re also 0 ,ge(fry ,*auc] m>ri$4      
,simon1 e>l ( ,mont=t1 once liv$ )9 its 
prec9cts2 b :]e k+s1 ar*bi%ops1 & high  
nobles once walk$ & held high c\ncil1   
pickles are n[ sold1 pr9t+ types set up1
 & glass roll$ out & spun4  ,wat ,tyl]'s
 mob be+ =bidd5 to plund]1 & suppos+ a  
c\ple ( b>rels to conta9 money1 flung !m
 into a great fire4 ,! money1 alas1 0   
gunp[d]1 z 9 ! ,dunle>y ballad1 & blew  
up ! great hall1 %ook d[n ! neighbor+   
h\ses1 kill$ sundry ( ! social re=m]s1 &
 r$uc$ ! palace to ru9s4  ,h5ry ,,vii4  
in/itut$ )9 its prec9cts a h\se ( refuge
 = e indig5t p]son pass+ d[n !          
,riv]-side-road1 & by a natural process 
( abuse ! poor wayf>]s d]iv$ little     
advantages f x4 ,loit]]s1 %am cripples1 
& vagabonds ( bo? sexes begg$ abroad all
 day1 & came 9 ! ev5+ to ! ,savoy to sup
 & sleep4 ,edw>d ,,vi4 transf]r$ a good 
portion ( its rev5ue to ,bridewell      
,prison & ,*ri/'s ,hospital4 ,m>y       
replac$ ! *>ity on its old foot+1 mu* to

 ! enjoym5t ( invet]ate begg>s2 b       
,elizabe? 9 h] turn disagreeably        
surpris$ ! lazy inmates & ! corrupt     
gov]nor1 & !y _h to look out = victims 9
 o!r qu>t]s4  ,! build+ _h n lo/ its    
privilege ( %elt]+ impo/ure & knav]y 9 !
 la/ c5tury1 hav+ s]v$ z an asylum =    
fraudul5t debtors 9 ,que5 ,anne's "t2 x 
became ! d>l+ haunt ( su* *apla9s z ,mr4
 ,lev]'s ,rev]5d ,paul2 & 9 #aged we f9d
 9 ! ,public ,adv]tis] ?is preci\s      
docum5t put =? by !m3     ,,by          
,,au?ority4--,m>riages p]=m$ ) ! utmo/  
privacy1   secrecy1 & regul>ity1 at !   
anci5t royal *apel ( ,/4 ,john !        
,bapti/ 9 ! ,savoy1 :]e regul> & au!ntic
 regi/]s h   be5 kept f ! "t ( !        
re=mation 7be+ two hundr$ ye>s   &      
upw>d7 to ?is day1 ! exp5se n be+ m ?an 
"o gu9ea1   ! five-%ill+ /amp includ$4  
,!re are five private ways to   ?is     
*apel by l&1 & two by wat]4   ,)]1 !    
,cromwellian poet1 :o _h a h>d "t ( x   
aft] ! re/oration1 lies 9 ! ,savoy4     
,d5man1 petition+ = 8 life1 us$ ?is     

+5i\s device3 ,z long z ,)] lives1 ,i   
%all n be consid]$ ! wor/ poet 9 ,engl&4
  ,x is n easy to a pass5g] saunt]+ or  
hurry+ d[n ! ,/r& at ?is day1 admir+ !  
facade ( ,som]set ,h\se1 glanc+ into !  
w9d[s ( ri* %ops1 elb[+ 8 way ?r\gh an  
eag] & bu/l+ cr[d1 & hav+ 8 e>s /unn$ by
 ! ?und]+ rumble ( cabs1 busses1 &      
wagons1 to fancy x once a s&y & m>%y    
road1 & ! footpa? v disagreeable to !   
feet1 & int]f]$ ) by bu%es & ?ickets4   
,?ree wat]-c\rses f ! nor!rn fields f\nd
 _! way across x to ! riv]1 & ^! 7      
spann$ by ?ree bridges4 ,! build+ (     
,we/m9/] ,abbey enc\rag$ ! erection ( ! 
fir/ h\ses along ! ,riv]-side-way1 b !  
bad /ate ( ! road made a subject = a    
petition s late z ! reign ( ,edw>d ,,ii4
   ,,publi%+ ,,9 ,,! ,,sev5te5?         
,,c5tury4  ,( ! c(fee-h\ses 9 !         
neighborhood ( ! ,/r& & ,fleet /reet    
frequ5t$ by ! witty & ! le>n$ f !       
re/oration to ! close ( la/ c5tury1 we  
%all gladly speak if our limits p]mit4  
,mean:ile1 be+ on a lit]>y subject1 we  

mu/ n omit to m5tion t ! fa!r ( #hdj    
,mudie's & all o!r circulat+ libr>ies 9 
,london1 0 e/abli%$ at #acb ,/r&1 9     
#agdj1 by a booksell] nam$ ,ba?oe4  ,_h 
!re be5 su* e/abli%m5ts 9 ,pepys' "t1 !y
 w\ld h sav$ him "s money & "s tr\ble4  
,witness 8 disappo9tm5t ab\t ,hudibras3 
#bf? ( ,septemb]1 #affb4 ,to ! ,w>drobe4
 ,hi!r come ,mr4   ,batt]sby1 & we fall+
 into disc\rse ( a new book ( droll]y   
9 use1 call$ ',hudibras1' ,i w\ld ne$s g
 f9d x out1 & met   ) x at ! ,temple2   
co/ me #bs4 #f;d4 ,b :5 ,i come to read 
x1 x is s silly an abuse ( !            
presbyt]-knight go+ to !   w>s1 t ,i am 
a%am$ at x1 & meet+ at ,mr4 ,t[ns5d's at
   d9n]1 ,i sold x him = #ah;d4 7,! new 
book ( droll]y   cont9u+ to be ! rage71 
,febru>y #f?1 #affc4 ,to a booksell]'s  
9 ! ,/r&1 & !re b\ght ',hudibras' aga94 
,i am resolv$ once   m to read him1 &   
see :e!r ,i c f9d him an example ( wit  
or no4 7,success v d\btful47 #bh?       
,novemb]4 ,to ,paul's   ,*ur*-y>d1 & !re
 look$ ^u ! second "p ( ',hudibras1'    

:i* ,i buy n1 b borr[ to read4 7,he     
b\ght x a few days   aft]1 h[ev]47 ,! _w
 ha? mightily cri$ up ?is book1 ?\gh   x
 ha? n a good lik+ 9 me1 ?\gh ,i _h tri$
 b 7by87 two or   ?ree times read+ to   
br+ myself to ?9k x witty4  ,we f9d him 
a few days aft] ^! rese>*es pur*as+     
,full]'s ,wor?ies1 ! ,cabbala1 or       
,collection ( ,lett]s ( ,/ate1 ,les     
,delices de ,holl&1 & ,hudibras aga91 n[
 9 great fa%ion = droll]y1 ?\gh ,i _c1  
,i confess1 see en\gh :]e ! wit lies4   
,pepys' great acqua9tances seem to h    
discov]$ ?is sore spot 9 8 m5tal        
configuration1 & to h ang]$ x (t5times  
by quot+ ,hudibras at him1 & *uckl+ ov] 
! fun1 :i*1 alas1 0 ! rev]se ( fun to   
him4  ,x 0 long aft] ! introduction (   
pr9t+ into ! c\ntry t booksell]'s %ops  
became an in/itution4 ,at & be=e ! "t ( 
! great fire1 ,/4 ,paul's ,*ur*-y>d 0 ! 
*ief booksell+ m>t4 ,on ! #ca/ ,novemb]1
 #affj1 ,pepys b\ght a copy ( ! play (  
,h5ry ,,iv4 9 t place1 & s w5t to ! new 
!atre1 & saw x act$1 b my expectation   

be+ too great1 x did n please me z      
o!rwise ,i believe x w\ld1 & my hav+ a  
book did1 ,i believe1 spoil x a little4 
,poor ,pepys6 ,a leaf out ( ! sc&al\s   
*ronicle ( ! c\rt w\ld h int]e/$ him m  
?an all ! wit & wisdom ( ,%akespe>e4 ,he
 tells u 9 8 di>y h[ 8 wife & he laugh$ 
a :ole ev5+ ov] a pamphlet writt5 ab\t !
 que54  ,! fire de/roy$ ?\s&s ( f9e     
works 9 ! ,*ur*-y>d2 & s mu* 0 ! value (
 books increas$1 t ,ricaut's ,turkey1   
#hs4 be=e ! fire1 c\ld n be got "u #ees4
 aft] x4  ,lat] 9 "t1 ,little ,brita91 f
 ,duck-lane to ! ,pump1 became a lit]>y 
qu>t]4 ,:5 ,b5jam9 ,frankl9 fir/ visit$ 
,london he took lodg+s 9 ,little ,brita9
 at #cs4 #f;d1 p] week1 next door to a  
booksell]'s1 f :om1 z circulat+ libr>ies
 7 n 9 vogue1 he pur*as$ volumes1 read  
!m1 sold !m aga9 to ! same man1 & b\ght 
o!rs4  ,a great deal ( in=mation on     
booksell+ & o!r subjects t int]e/$ ! p  
ne> #bjj ye>s s9ce1 may be obta9$ f !   
p]usal ( ! ,life & ,errors ( ,john      
,dunton1 booksell]1 an autobiography4 ,!

 son ( a cl]gyman 9 ,hunt+don%ire1 he   
says he le>n$ ,lat9 s z to speak x      
pretty well extempore1 b he c\ld n get  
on well ) ! ,greek2 & ?is1 c\pl$ ) an   
affection ent]ta9$ = a virg9 9 8 fa!r's 
h\se1 su* passion c>efully conceal$ f   
its object1 completely unh+$ ! classical
 & cl]ical designs ( 8 fa!r on him4 ,he 
became a booksell]'s appr5tice1 & 9 #hda
 #afhe a booksell] 9 8 own p]son4 ,he   
speaks v disp>ag+ly ( ! m]e m5 ( lett]s 
( 8 day4 ,he says1 good simple-m9d$ man1
 t :at !y got p] %eet int]e/$ !m m ?an  
zeal = ! advancem5t ( lit]ature4 ,v     
little we blame ! poor fell[s1 b !y 7   
really inexcusable = pret5d+ to h       
ransack$ ! :ole ,bodleian ,libr>y1 to h 
gone ?r\gh ! fa!rs1 & to h read & dige/$
 all human & ecclesia/ical hi/ory1 :ile 
!y _h nev] ma/]$ a s+le page 9 ,/4      
,cyprian1 nor c\ld tell :e!r ! fa!rs    
liv$ be=e or aft] our ,savi\r4  ,t 0 !  
gold5 age ( s]mons & pamphlets1 ! latt] 
occupy+ ! place ( our mon?lies4 ,mr4    
,john ,dunton's fir/ essay 9 ! publi%+  

l9e 0 ,! ,suff]+s ( ,*ri/1 by ! ,rev4   
,mr4 ,doolittle4 ,all ! trade took      
copies 9 ex*ange = _! own books1 a      
feature peculi> to ! bus9ess #afj ye>s  
s9ce4 ,john ?rove & took a helpmate to  
himself1 n ,mrs4 ,m>y ,saund]s1 ! virg9 
be=e m5tion$4 ,! beautiful ,ra*el       
,seaton1 ! innoc5t ,s>ah ,day1 !        
religi\s ,s>ah ,brisc[1 _h successively 
pal$ ! image ( ! prec$+ lady 9 ! mirror 
( 8 r susceptible he>t1 & at ! end he   
became ! fond husb& ( ,miss ,annesley1  
daught] ( a noncon=mi/ div9e4 ,! happy  
pair always call$ ea* o!r by ! ende>+ & 
poetic names ( ,iris & ,phil>et1 b ?is  
t5d] atta*m5t did n prev5t ,phil>et f   
leav+ ,iris alone1 & mak+ excursions to 
,irel&1 to ,am]ica1 & to ,holl&1 &      
delay+ 9 ^? regions = long p]iods4 ,^!  
sep>ations & di/ant w&]+s did n t5d to  
make our booksell]'s old age com=table &
 indep5d5t4  ,dunton has left an int]e/+
 acc\nt ( mo/ ( ! !n em95t booksell]s 9 
! ?ree k+doms4 ,he says t 9 g5]al !y 7 n
 mu* bett] ?an knaves & a!i/s4 ,he also 

gave in=mation ( ! writ]s he employ$1 ! 
lic5s]s ( ! press1 etc4 ,x w\ld appe> t 
! publi%+ bus9ess ( ! "t 0 9 a v vigor\s
 condition4 ,! %oals ( pamphlets        
satisfi$ ! lit]>y hung] ( ^? to :om1 if 
!y liv$ 9 ! n9ete5? c5tury1 ,a!naeums & 
,exam9]s1 ,*amb]s's ,j\rnals & ,all !   
,ye> ,r\nds1 w\ld be z necess>y z       
atmosph]ic air4 ,! *ief booksell]s ( t  
day1 if n to be comp>$ ) cont95tal      
,alduses or ,/eph5ses or ,elzevirs1 7 m5
 ( good lit]>y ta/e & mu* in=mation4 ,( 
! booksell]s amb]-pres]v$ 9 ! ,dunciad1 
,dunton m5tions only ,l9tot & ,tonson4  
,! disreputable ,curll 0 n kn[n 9 8 day4
 ,?is g5ius1 embalm$ 9 ! he>ts ( !      
rascally pap]-m5 ( ,holywell /reet1 be+ 
once condemn$ = a vile publication1 &   
promot$ to ! pillory1 cunn+ly av]t$ !   
wra? ( ! mob by a pl5tiful di/ribution (
 h&bills1 9 :i* he /at$ 8 (f5ce to be a 
pamphlet complim5t>y to ! memory ( good 
,que5 ,anne4 ,edw>d ,cave1 9 />t+ !     
,g5tleman's ,magaz9e1 #ca/ ,janu>y1     
#agca1 gave heal?y employm5t to _m a    

pamphlete]1 ?\gh he dim9i%$ ! numb] (   
sep>ate pamphlets4    ,,b5 ,,jonson ,,& 
,,l9coln',s ,,inn4  ,our fancy to speak 
( books1 & _! writ]s & sell]s1 has l$ u 
aside f ! area m>k$ out by ,mr4         
,?ornbury = 8 own explorations1 s we mu/
 return to b\nds1 )9 :i* we f9d         
,l9coln's-,inn ,fields4 ,^! inns 7      
orig9ally e/abli%$ z places (           
ent]ta9m5t1 :]e pilgrims & o!r travell]s
 7 hospitably att5d$ by ! monks4 ,! t[n 
h\ses ( noblem5 7 also call$ inns1 j z 9
 ,p>is !y 7 /yl$ ho/els4 ,! inn 9 "q    
d]ives its "n f ! ,e>l ( ,l9coln1 ,h5ry 
de ,lacy1 to :om x 0 grant$ by ,edw>d   
,i4 ,_m em95t m5 h us$ *amb]s 9         
,l9coln's ,inn1 s9ce x became ! resort  
#hdb ( legal /ud5ts4 ,sir ,?omas ,m _h  
*amb]s !re1 & !re ,dr4 ,donne1 !        
poetical div9e1 attempt$ to /udy law 9 8
 sev5te5? ye>4 ,dr4 ,tillotson prea*$ to
 ! lawy]s 7) :at effect is n told7 9    
#affc1 our own ,ar*bi%op ,us%] 9 #afdg4 
,sir ,ma!w ,hale 0 at fir/ a wild /ud5t 
( ,l9coln's ,inn1 till reclaim$ by !    

sight ( a drunk>d seiz$ by a fit4       
,%aftesbury2 ,a%mole1 ! antiqu>y2       
,prynne1 ( pillory notoriety2 ,secret>y 
,?urloe2 ,sir ,john ,d5ham2 ,george ,)]1
 omitt+ m5tion ( mod]n celebrities1 all 
endeavor$ to p5etrate ! my/]ies ( law & 
equity 9 ?is long-endur+ in/itution4    
,"o ( ! mo/ rem>kable1 ?\gh n ! mo/     
reputable1 ( lawy]s connect$ ) ,l9coln's
 ,inn 0 ,sir ,edmund ,saund]s1 :o gave 8
 aid to ! cr[n :ile endeavor+1 9 #afhc1 
to ov]?r[ ! *>t] ( ,london4 ,! foll[+   
extract conc]n+ him is tak5 f ,grang]3  
,sir ,edmund ,saund]s 0 orig9ally a     
/roll+ begg> ab\t ! /reets1 )\t kn[n    
p>5ts or relations4 ,he came (t5 to beg 
scraps at ,clem5t's ,inn1 :]e he 0 tak5 
notice ( = 8 uncommon sprightl9ess2 & z 
he express$ a /rong incl9ation to le>n  
to write1 "o ( ! attorney's cl]ks taught
 him1 & soon qualifi$ him = a hackney   
writ]4 ,he took all opportunities (     
improv+ himself by read+ su* books z he 
borr[$ f 8 fri5ds2 & 9 ! c\rse ( a few  
ye>s became an able attorney & a v em95t

 c\nsel4 ,8 practice 9 ! ,c\rt ( ,k+'s  
,b5* 0 exce$$ by none4 ,8 art & cunn+ 0 
equal to 8 k1 & he ga9$ _m a cause by   
lay+ sn>es4 ,if he 0 detect$ he 0 nev]  
put out ( c\nt5ance1 b evad$ ! matt] ) a
 je/1 :i* he _h always at h&4 ,he 0 mu* 
employ$ by ! k+ 7,*>les ,,ii47 aga9/ !  
city ( ,london 9 ! bus9ess ( ! ,quo     
,w>ranto4 ,8 p]son 0 z heavy & unga9 z 8
 wit 0 al]t & sprightly4 ,he is said to 
h be5 a m]e lump ( morbid fle%4 ,! smell
 f him 0 s (f5sive t p held _! noses :5 
he came into c\rt4 ,"o ( 8 je/s on su*  
occasions 01 ',t none c\ld say he want$ 
issue1 = he _h no less ?an n9e on 8     
back4'  ,! lit]>y /ud5ts ( ! inn1 z !y  
sit 9 _! lonely *amb]s1 or conv]se ) _! 
comrades1 ,ar?ur ,p5d5nis & ,mr4        
,w>r+ton1 9 ! pleasant gr\nds1 delight  
to fancy brave old ,b5 ,jonson help+ to 
raise ! wall on ! ,*anc]y lane side1 &  
recit+ a passage f ,hom]4 ,:e!r ,sutton 
or ,camd5 s5t him back to college to    
pursue 8 /udies is n s c]ta94 ,8 fight+ 
s+le-h&$ 9 ,fl&]s 9 ! sight ( ! two     

armies1 & ! subsequ5t c>ry+ away ( !    
,spolia ,opima ( 8 foeman1 7 9 /rict    
accordance ) ! practice ( ! h]oes ( 8   
/udies4 ,8 college life & 8 de$s 9 =eign
 fields 7 all ov] 9 8 tw5ty-?ird ye>1   
#aeig1 :5 we f9d him a play] & writ] = !
 /age 9 ,london2 8 critics ass]t+ t he  
walk$ ! bo>ds z if he 7 tread+ mort>4   
,poor ,b51 ) a c\nt5ance comp>$ to a    
rott5 russet apple1 & describ$ by       
himself z rem>kable = a m\nta9 belly & a
 rocky face1 0 equally ragg$ 9 temp]4   
,qu>rel+ ) a bro!r actor1 he kill$ him 9
 a duel 9 ,hogsd5 ,fields1 & 0 br\ght v 
ne> ! gall[s-foot = 8 non-comm& ( temp]4
 ,he _h n ! g5tle "* nor ! expansive    
intellect ( 8 fri5d1 ! ,g5tle           
,%akespe>e1 nor did 8 *>act]s embrace   
entire humanity1 nor did he possess !   
so>+ & f>-seiz+ imag9ation ( 8 bro!r    
poet & play]1 b he m closely pictur$ !  
modes ( society 9 :i* !y mov$1 ! social 
& politic features ( ! locality & ! era2
 all ^? outw>d manife/ations1 9 fact1 t 
di/+ui% ! int]c\rse1 & ! morals1 & ! "* 

( ?is or t locality or "t1 f ^? ( #hdc  
its neighbors4 ,h5ce a bett] idea c be  
_h ( ! sc5ic features ( ,old ,london1 & 
! co/umes1 ! idioms1 & usages ( its p at
 ! end ( ! sixte5? & beg9n+ ( ! sev5te5?
 c5tury1 f ! lit]>y rema9s ( ,b5 ,jonson
 ?an f ^? ( ,william ,%akespe>e4 ,aubrey
 rem>k$ t ,%akespe>e's com$ies w\ld     
rema9 wit z long z ! ,engli% tongue is  
und]/ood2 :ile our pres5t writ]s reflect
 s mu* ^u p>ticul> p]sons &             
coxcombeties1 t tw5ty ye>s h5ce !y w n  
be und]/ood4  ,london 0 ,b5 ,jonson's   
_w2 its p1 su* z !y appe>$ to him1 !    
:ole human race4 ,! humori/s t he knew 7
 reproduc$ ) ! utmo/ tru?--& !          
class-modes & mann]s t came "u 8        
obs]vation 7 sket*$ f & to ! life4 ,!re 
0 local tru? ( co/ume & "*1 b little    
g5]alization4 ,illu/rative in/ances     
ab\nd 9 all 8 plays & poems4 ,9         
,elizabe?'s "t1 ,f9sbury ,fields 7 cov]$
 ) trees & w9dmills4 ,s we f9d ,ma/]    
,/eph5 7,e ,man 9 8 ,humor71 :o dwells  
at ,hogsd5 7,hoxton71 despis+ ! ar*]s ( 

,f9sbury & ! citiz5s t come a-duck+ to  
,isl+ton ,ponds4 ,! ,/r& 0 ! *ief road =
 ladies to pass ?r\gh 9 _! coa*es1 & !re
 ,lafoole 9 ! ',sil5t ,woman' has a     
lodg+ to wat* :5 ladies are gone to !   
*9a h\ses or ! ex*ange1 t he may meet !m
 by *ance1 & give !m pres5ts4 ,! g5]al  
"* ( ! /reets be=e ! fire is n =gott54  
,9 ',! ,devil is an ,ass' ! lady & h]   
lov] speak closely & g5tly f ! w9d[s (  
two contigu\s build+s4 ,su* are a few ( 
! examples ( ! local proprieties :i*    
con/antly turn up 9 ,jonson's dramas4   
,to ^? :o accuse r>e ,b5 ( intemp]ate   
habits x is useless to object t he la%$ 
intemp]ance & ! o!r vices ( 8 "t z      
sev]ely z ! mo/ rigid morali/ c\ld2 !re 
are too _m in/ances extant ( ! sons (   
,satan correct+ s9 9 _! spee*es &       
writ+s4 ,h[ev]1 ! club at ! ,m]maid 9   
,friday /reet to :i* he belong$1 consi/$
 ( su* m5 z we _c suppose to be (       
intemp]ate habits1 nor will+ to *]i% a  
not$ drunk>d4 ,= ,sir ,walt] ,raleigh1  
,%akespe>e1 ,beaumont1 ,flet*]1 ,seld51 

,cotton1 ,c>ew1 ,m>t91 ,donne1 fla%es ( 
wit1 & sallies ( imag9ation1 & t\*es (  
g5ial humor1 _h m *>ms !n bea/ly wall[+ 
9 liquor4 ,he> :at ,jonson himself says 
9 8 invitation to a fri5d to supp] :]e  
can>y1 8 d>l+ liquor1 0 to fl[3    ,(   
?is we w sup free b mod]ately1   ,nor   
%all our cups make any guilty m51   ,b  
at our p>t+ we w be z :5   ,we innoc5tly
 met4 ,no simple ^w   ,t %all be utt]$  
at our mir?ful bo>d   ,%all make u sad  
next morn+1 or affright   ,! lib]ty t   
we'll enjoy to-night4  ,x 0 to ! middle 
aisle ( ! old ca!dral ( ,/4 ,paul's t   
,jonson & o!rs l him resort$ to obta9   
su* wayw>d & grotesque *>act]s z w\ld   
take ! att5tion ( an audi5ce4 ,x 0 !    
favorite l\nge at ! "t ( coxcombs1      
bullies1 adv5tur]s1 & cut-purses4 ,"h a 
new man1 wi%+ to be 9 ! height ( fa%ion1
 w\ld br+ 8 tailor1 & set him to m>k !  
g>b ( ! =emo/ gallant 9 vogue4 ,c\ntry  
squires anxi\s = a v>ni%+ ( c\rtly      
poli%1 w\ld be f\nd !re obs]v+ ! dress &
 demeanor ( ! p ( fa%ion1 & aft]w>d fl++

 away ! produce ( _! good l&s 9         
ent]ta9m5ts %>$ ) ^! envi$ d>l+s ( !    
c\rtly goddess4 ,capta9 ,bobadil1 we may
 be c]ta91 0 met among ! cr[d at        
,paul's4 ,"h x 0 t all ^? niceties ( !  
mode :i* crop up ?r\gh 8 plays 7 obs]v$4
 ,9 ! ,midas ( ,lily1 quot$ by ,*>les   
,knight 9 8 ,london1 are f\nd collect$  
sev]al ( ^! di/9ctive m>ks ( ! c\rti]   
comme il faut3  ,h[ w y be trimm$1 sir8 
,w y h y\r be>d l a spade #hdd or a     
bodk98 ,a p5t-h\se on y\r upp] lip1 or  
an alley on y\r *98 ,a l[ curl on y\r   
head l a bull1 or dangl+ locks l a      
spaniel8 ,y\r mu/a*ioes %>p at ! end l  
%oemak]s' awls1 or hang+ d[n to y\r m\? 
l goat's flakes8 ,y\r love-locks wrea!d 
l a silk5 twi/1 or %aggy1 to fall on y\r
 %\ld]8  ,few dramati/s 9 8 or our days 
w\ld v5ture to speak s fe>lessly to 8   
audi5ce z hone/ ,b5 ,jonson3    ,if any 
"h *ance to behold himself1   ,let him n
 d>e to *all5ge me ( wrong2   ,= if he  
%ame to h 8 follies kn[n1   ,fir/ he    
%\ld %ame to act 'em4 ,my /rict h&   ,0 

made to seize on vice1 & ) a gripe1     
,squeeze out ! humor ( su* spongy s\ls  
,z lick up e idle vanity4  ,our b>d 0 n 
left to /ruggle ) ! h>d%ips ( an ord9>y 
!atrical c>e]4 ,he 0 employ$ to compose 
! plots & v]ses ( ! /ately & spl5did    
masques 9 :i* ,elizabe?1 & ,anne (      
,d5m>k1 & h] ,royal ,doggie delight$4   
,_h space p]mitt$1 we %\ld gladly h     
quot$ "s ( ! v]ses & /age directions (  
^! c\rt %[s4 ,among ! re/ is an ,iri%   
masque 9 :i* ,d5ni%1 ,donnell1 ,d]mott1 
& ,patrick come 9 _! long glibbs & %aggy
 mantles to pres5t _! complim5ts to ,k+ 
,yami%1 & congratulate him on ! m>riage 
( "s "l or o!r4 ,hav+ be5 r\ghly receiv$
 by ! janitors1 !y s\nd$ _! grievance   
al\d3  ,don4--,i% x te fa%ion to beate  
te imba%at]s "h8 & knock 'hem o' te head
 phit te phoite /ick8  ,d]4--,ant make  
t] me%age run out a t] m\?% be=e tey    
%peake vit te k+8  ,!y ann\nce _!       
int5tion to dance z well z t ( _! ma/]s1
 :o z yet /& outside3  ,don4--,b tey    
mu%t e5e come1 & daun* i' teyr mantles1 

& %[ tee h[ teye c foot te fad+ & te    
fad[1 & te phip a dunboyne ,i tr[4      
,d]4--,tey w fight = tee1 ,k+ ,yami%1 & 
= my mi%tress t]e4   ,footnote3 #bjc    
,footnote #bjc3 ,z out ( all late or    
/ill liv+ writ]s1 n   natives ( ,irel&1 
!re are n ?ree :o quote our             
peasant-pronunciation correctly1 s x is 
m ?an probable t   ,jonson1 acute z 8   
obs]vation 01 mi/ook ! pronunciation (  
8 own day4  ,aft] mu* s(t-sawd] ab\t _! 
love & _! loyalty to ,%amus1 six m5 &   
boys danc$ to bagpipes & o!r rude music4
 ,!n ! ,iri% g5tlem5 danc$ 9 _! mantles 
to ! s\nd ( h>ps2 & "o ( !m call$ on a  
b>d to celebrate ! fame ( him :o 0 to   
make ,er9 ! _w's wond] = peace & pl5ty3 
,advance1 immortal b>d2 come up & view  
,! gladd5+ face ( t great k+1 9 :om   ,s
 _m prophecies ( ?9e are knit4   ,?is is
 t ,james1 ( :i* long s9ce ?\ sung/1    
,%\ld end our c\ntry's mo/ unnatural    
broils4  ,w\ld he _h done s6 ,b5 0 n s  
bl9d b t he c\ld spy out "s little      
defects 9 ,solomon & 8 que54 ,z he c\ld 

n apply 8 tal5ts to _! correction1 he   
recomp5s$ himself 9 unm]ciful h&l+ (    
c\rt vices4 ,t[>d ! end ( ,james's reign
 he enjoy$ a compet5t =tune1 & own$ an  
ext5sive libr>y4 ,di/ress & illness     
succe$$2 b ,*>les ,i4 be+ made aw>e ( 8 
=lorn condition1 grant$ him an          
additional p5sion1 & t ti]ce ( can>y1 ^:
 successors h be5 dra9$ by all          
poet-laureates s9ce 8 day4 ,a blue m>ble
 /one lies ov] 8 rema9s 9 ! nor? aisle (
 ,we/m9/] ,abbey4 ,! epitaph1 ,,r>e ,,b5
 ,,jonson1 0 cut 9 ! flag at ! ord] &   
*>ge ( ,jack ,"y 7aft]w>d knight$74     
,eighte5-p5ce requit$ ! sculptor4  ,:e!r
 we h improv$ on ! feats ( arti/s (     
ano!r k9d1 9 ,que5 ,anne's reign1 is    
que/ionable4 ,at ,b>?olomew ,fair1 9 !  
reign ( t good-natur$ sov]eign1 a girl1 
( t5 ye>s1 walk$ backw>d up a slop+     
rope1 driv+ a :eelb>r[ beh9d h]4 #hde   
,sc>am\* danc$ on ! rope ) two *ildr51 &
 a dog1 9 a :eelb>r[1 & a duck on 8     
head4 ,our au?ority leaves u 9 "s d\bt z
 to ! relative positions ( man1 *ildr51 

dog1 duck1 & :eel-b>r[1 & :e!r ! duck   
took position on head ( dog or man4 ,!  
eighte5? c5tury 0 inaugurat$ by an      
intellig5t tig] pick+ ! fea!rs f a f[l 9
 su* /yle z to elicit ! he>ty applause (
 a disc]n+ public4 ,cont95tal sov]eigns 
( our own "t pref] ! /irr+ spectacle (  
m5 & horses gor$ by %>p horn$ bulls4 ,! 
tig] m]ely remov$ ! fea!rs f ! sk9 ( !  
dead f[l2 ! visc]a ( ! liv+ quadrup$    
foll[ ! ?ru/ ( ! bull's horn4  ------   
,translat$ f ,etudes ,religieuses1      
,hi/oriques1 et ,litt]aires1 p> des     
,p]es de la ,compagnie de ,jesus4   ,,! 
,,orig9 ,,& ,,mutability ,,( ,,species4 
,orig9es et ,trans=mations de l'homme et
 des autres etres4 lre p>tie4 ,p>       
,,tremaux4 ,p>is3 ,ha*ette4 #ahfe4      
,an?ropology is a rec5t sci5ce1 & yet   
its vot>ies h produc$ num]\s treatises4 
,! delicate que/ions :i* x raises h giv5
 bir? to v>i\s & contradictory op9ions4 
,! mo/ important problem ( ?is sci5ce is
 t :i* relates to ! orig9 ( man4 ,at :at
 epo* did man = ! fir/ "t tread !       

surface ( our globe8 ,h[ did he appe>8  
,:at cause produc$ him8 ,two fir/ class 
s*ol>s1 ,humboldt & ,bompl&1 said1 n    
long ago1 ,! g5]al "q ( ! orig9 ( !     
inhabitants ( a cont95t is beyond !     
limits prescrib$ to hi/ory1 p]haps x is 
n ev5 a philosophical "q4 ,bold] ?an !y1
 ! an?ropologi/s put a "q a ?\s& times m
 complex1 z to ! orig9 ( ! :ole human   
race1 & !y d n hesitate to believe t1   
soon] or lat]1 sci5ce w be able to answ]
 x ) c]ta9ty4 ,z to ! pres5t1 we may    
say1 ,quot capita1 tot s5sus2 ! mo/     
opposite ideas divide ! _w1 & x is ! ma9
 discord :i* p]vades sci5ce4 ,^! la/    
words are ^? ( ,m4 ,tremaux4 ,to rem$y  
?is confusion1 ! le>n$ travell] puts =? 
a new idea1 :i* 9 8 op9ion %\ld1 9 ?r[+ 
light on all ! aspects ( ! "q1 cause !  
discord to vani%2 trace ! way we ought  
to foll[2 & at no v di/ant day arrive at
 a complete solution4 ,x rema9s to be   
se5 :e!r ^! happy auguries w be realiz$1
 or if1 on ! contr>y1 ! !ory ( ,m4      
,tremaux1 add$ to ! o!rs1 w n h ! fatal 

effect ( increas+ ! confusion x w\ld    
aboli%4  ,! op9ions relat+ to ! orig9 ( 
man may be r$uc$ to ?ree4 ,9 ! fir/     
place1 we w /ate t ( ! monog5i/s1 :o    
behold 9 all ! human types scatt]$ ov] !
 _w only races & v>ieties ( ! same      
species1 & reg>d mank9d z desc5d+1 or at
 lea/ z capable ( desc5d+1 f a s+le     
c\ple primitively sprung f ! h&s ( !    
,creator4 ,?is op9ion is evid5tly       
con=mable to ! ,bible n>rative2 ?is     
reflection w n escape ! s9c]e ,*ri/ian1 
& we mu/ make x at ! risk ( excit+ !    
pity or indignation ( c]ta9 positivi/s1 
:o reproa* u ) br++ into sci5tific      
que/ions prejudices & argum5ts :i* are  
extra-sci5tific4  #hdf  ,! op9ion ( !   
polyg5i/s is diametrically oppos$ to !  
prec$+4 ,accord+ to !m1 ! typical       
diff]5ces :i* exi/ betwe5 ! races ( m5  
are s decid$1 s pr(\nd1 t !y c\ld n be !
 result ( ! conditions ( exi/5ce2 ^!    
diff]5ces are !n orig9al2 m51 in/ead (  
belong+ to a s+le zoological species1 =m
 a g5]a or ev5 a family1 ! biman\s      

family2 community ( orig9 is !n         
impossible1 & ! acc\nt 9 ,g5esis mu/ be 
consid]$ z leg5d>y4  ,la/ly1 a ?ird     
s*ool sep>ates itself entirely f !      
prec$+1 & consid]s ! "q "u discussion z 
a phase ( ! g5]al "q--! /ability ( !    
species4 ,! naturali/s connect$ ) ?is   
s*ool reg>d ! species z some?+          
ess5tially *angeable4 ,!y d$uce ?is     
op9ion f ! examples ( ! endless v>ieties
 ( =ms :i* our dome/ic animals above all
 o!rs pres5t4 ,x is possible1 by kn[n   
processes1 to obta91 aft] sev]al        
g5]ations1 products s diff]5t f !       
primitive type1 t to judge !m by ! =m   
only we %\ld believe 9 ! exi/5ce ( a new
 species2 ! cont9u$ fecundity betwe5 !  
two v>ieties alone atte/+ ! specific    
unity ( bo? types4 ,w\ld x n be         
possible1 by new me?ods1 or by a bett]  
employm5t ( ! means already kn[n1 to    
arrive at su* a complete trans=mation t 
! fecundity betwe5 ! new & ! primitive  
species %\ld cease to exi/1 or at lea/  
cease to be unlimit$8 ,we %\ld h ?us    

obta9$ a novel species by a simple      
trans=mation due to ! =ces ( nature4 ,! 
result :i* man might obta9 at ! end (   
sev]al g5]ations1 nature1 left to       
itself1 w\ld inevitably arrive at1 aft] 
a long] or %ort] "t1 accord+ z          
circum/ances %\ld be m or less          
favorable4 ,?is is admitt$ by ,lam>k1 & 
! two ,ge(froy ,sa9t-,hilaire2 x is     
admitt$ also by ! ,engli% naturali/     
,d>w94 ,! latt] reg>ds all animals      
actually exi/+ z desc5d+ f f\r or five  
prog5itors2 an equal numb] w\ld suffice 
= plants4 ,he ev5 adds t1 guid$ by      
analogy1 he w\ld will+ly admit t1 all   
organiz$ be+s1 plants & animals1 desc5d 
f "o s+le primordial type1 & t man %\ld 
con/itute no exception to ! g5]al laws2 
he spr+s f ! ape or "s ext9ct type1 &   
!nce f ! primitive4  ,x is to ?is la/   
s*ool t ,m4 ,tremaux belongs3 ! title ( 
8 book suffici5tly %[s x4 ,he conc$es ! 
v>iability & ! trans=mation ( ! species2
 b sep>ates himself di/9ctly f ,d>w9    
relative to ! causes :i* produce ?is    

v>iation4  ,m4 ,tremaux' book may be    
summ$ up entirely 9 ! /atem5t ( ! great 
law ( ! improvem5t ( be+s :i* is pr9t$ 9
 l>ge lett]s on ! front page ( ! fir/   
"p3 ,! improvem5t ( creatures is or     
becomes proportionate to ! degree (     
elaboration ( ! soil on :i* !y live6 ,& 
! soil is 9 g5]al elaborat$ 9 proportion
 z x belongs to a m rec5t geological    
=mation4 ,to prove ?is law1 & to d$uce f
 x e possible consequ5ce1 is ! object ( 
! book4  ,! fir/ requisite 9 judg+ a "w 
is to und]/& its aim or end4 ,?us we h  
endeavor$ to seize ! s5se & ! be>+ :i* !
 au?or atta*es to ! great law he ?9ks he
 has discov]$4 ,su* a soil gives su* a  
product1 we are told4 ,we und]/& ?is :5 
! direct fruits ( ! e>? are 9 "q t is1 (
 ! vegetables :i* draw directly f ! e>? 
! pr9ciples :i* %\ld assimilate !m4 ,b z
 to animals1 :at influ5ce c ! soil      
ex]cise ov] !m8 ,?is is :at ,m4 ,tremaux
 %\ld h expla9$1 & :at he has =gott5 to 
tell u4 ,mu/ we und]/& t ! l&1 by virtue
 ( its *emical & m9]alogical            

composition1 possesses a my/]i\s action 
( an unkn[n nature1 det]m9+ accord+ to !
 case ! improvem5t or deg5]acy ( !      
species ( #hdg animals8 ,su* is 9 fact !
 mean+ :i* _m passages seem to attribute
 to ?is law4 ,?us1 aft] hav+ %[n t !    
causes g5]ally assign$ _c expla9 ^?     
typical *anges :i* nature pres5ts1 !    
au?or adds3 ,by ! action ( cross-bre$+1 
food1 & climate alone1 we %all meet )   
contradictions at e /ep4 ,) ! action ( !
 sun1 ! :ole globe exhibits ! same      
effects4 ,s9ce x is nei!r ?r\gh food nor
 by climate t ! sun acts1 x is by "s    
my/]i\s ag5cy2 & behold u ?us1 9 !      
n9ete5? c5tury1 ?r[n back ^u occult     
causes4 ,may we be p]mitt$ to obs]ve t  
?is is n sci5tific8  ,entirely engag$ 9 
prov+ by facts ! law :i* mu/ s]ve z a   
oasis to 8 sy/em1 ,m4 ,tremaux seems    
nev] to h ?\ght ( expla9+ to himself !  
mann] ( ! e>?'s action4 ,?us1 beside    
num]\s places :i* cle>ly imply an       
imm$iate action1 o!rs c\ld be quot$ :i* 
only attribute to ! soil an indirect    

action due to ! alim5ts drawn f x4 ,=   
example1 apropos ( cret9ism1 we read3   
,?is sc\rge is above all endemical1     
because 9 fact ^? p]sons :o c pr(it by !
 products ( ano!r soil feel 9 a less]   
degree ! unfavorable results ( t        
condition4 ,& fur!r on3 ,to avoid liv+  
p]man5tly on a soil :i* produces        
cret9ism is ! sole rem$y1 or r ! only   
palliative1 aga9/ its p]nici\s effects  
on man4 ,x is be/ to ab&on x completely1
 or at lea/ to make use ( products o!r  
?an ^? de/9$ to fe$ its inhabitants4 ,9 
brief1 :at is necess>y to br+ humanity  
to p]fection8 ,fir/ly1 ,to *oose        
c>efully ^? l&s ^: products are m       
directly int5d$ = man4 ,secondly1 ,to h 
rec\rse to e prop] means ( improv+ ! l&4
 ,?irdly1 ,plant+ ) suitable trees ^?   
l&s :i* are unfavorable to ! gr[? (     
human food4 ,f\r?ly1 ,to subject to     
agriculture ^? =e/ l&s :i* occupy a     
favorable soil4  ,^! passages appe> cle>
 t x is n ( itself1 b by its            
productions1 & also d\btless ?r\gh its  

climate1 ! soil acts on man & on !      
animals4 ,?is explanation is m          
philosophical ?an novel4  ,betwe5 !     
monog5i/s & ! polyg5i/s1 ! "q r$uces    
itself v ne>ly to ?is3 ,c be+s diff]+ s 
mu* z ! ,europeans & ! ,bu%m51 !        
,hott5tot & ! ,au/ralian1 desc5d f !    
same ance/ors8 ,no1 reply ! polyg5i/s2 =
 ! diff]5ces are great] ?an ^? :i*      
*>act]ize c]ta9 species4 ,9 ord] to meet
 ?is objection1 ! monog5i/s h _h rec\rse
 to :at is call$ ! middle !ory1 & to t (
 ! cross-bre$s4 ,! :ole ( ! ext]nal     
circum/ances "u :i* ! repres5tatives ( a
 species exi/1 con/itute :at is call$ ! 
middle or m$ium1 to :i* monog5i/s1      
support+ !mselves on und\bt$ facts1     
attribute ! p[] ( gradually *ang+ !     
m$ium type ( a species4 ,! cross+ ( _m  
types ?us modifi$ w give bir? to new    
=ms1 all1 h[ev]1 belong+ to "o common   
k9d4  ,:]e d we f9d ! diff]5ce betwe5   
?is middle !ory & ! law ( ,m4 ,tremaux8 
,9 no?+ b a great] or less importance   
attribut$ to ! influ5ce ( soil2 & ev5   

?is diff]5ce is m app>5t ?an real4 ,!   
fundam5tal law s und]/ood--& x appe>s to
 u h>d to und]/& x o!rwise--con/itutes  
no novel idea or !ory2 x is no?+ m ?an a
 v>iation ( ! classic !ory ( ! influ5ce 
( m$ia4  ,h[ is ?is law prov$8 ,x is    
impossible = u to foll[ ! au?or 9 !     
developm5t ( 8 argum5ts4 ,he gives pro( 
9 !m ( r>e le>n+1 & ( pr(\nd & v>i$ k ( 
e?nography4 ,we obs]ve ! m>k$           
pr$ilection ( ,m4 ,tremaux = ! soil (   
,africa1 :i* he has ably describ$ 9     
special works4 ,b :5 we h f9i%$ read+   
him1 & w\ld give an acc\nt ( 8 argum5ts 
& ( _! value1 we d #hdh n f9d 9 !m all !
 elem5ts ( conviction4 ,we "k t _m      
writ]s h express$ an op9ion v diff]5t f 
ours1 b ev5 %\ld we be deem$ too exact+1
 we mu/ ackn[l$ge t an att5tive p]usal  
has n conv9c$ u4 ,!re are no d\bt       
rem>kable co9cid5ces 9 ! "w2 b !y are n 
( a suffici5tly tr5*ant "*1 &1 moreov]1 
mo/ ( ! facts may be expla9$ o!rwise ?an
 by ! influ5ce ( soil4 ,let u give "s   
examples4 ,we _c meet ) a s+le in/ance (

 a civilization :i* has develop$ itself1
 nor ev5 be5 ma9ta9$ 9 cases (          
emigration1 "u adv]se geological        
conditions4 ,no?+ is m natural1 9 fact4 
,:y %\ld emigrants on ! way (           
civilization settle pref]5tially 9      
unf]tile c\ntries8 ,= x mu/ n be =gott5 
t :at are "h call$ geological conditions
 ref] simply to ! f]tility ( ! soil4    
,ano!r argum5t ext5sively develop$ is   
drawn f ! p]si/5ce ( ! same types 9 !   
same c\ntries4 ,aft] hav+ exam9$ ,africa
 & ,europe f ?is po9t ( view1 ! au?or   
concludes ?us3 ,9 %ort1 :at h !         
migrations f ! ,ea/ peopl+ ! ,we/       
produc$8 ,!y h creat$ ,hell5es 9        
,greece1 ,romans 9 ,rome1 ,gauls 9      
,france1 & *ildr5 ( ,albion 9 ,engl&4   
,mu/ we conclude1 f ?is p]si/5ce1 t !   
conqu]+ races h 9 ea* g5]ation felt !   
influ5ce ( ! soil1 s z to resemble aft] 
"s c5turies ! =m] populations8 ,su* is !
 reason+ ( ,m4 ,tremaux4 ,b ! same fact 
is appeal$ to by polyg5i/s1 :o int]pret 
x 9 a diff]5t mann]4 ,accord+ to !m1 ?is

 p]si/5ce proves t ! conqu]+ race has   
always be5 absorb$ by ! indig5\s2 & !y d
 n fail to conclude f x t betwe5 ^! two 
races illimitable fecundity1 ! specific 
"* ( unity1 is h>dly ev] realiz$4  ,we  
read at ! same page3 ,if we pass ov] o!r
 cont95ts1 ! same results /rike u on all
 sides4 ,on c]ta9 po9ts ( ,au/ralia &   
,am]ica1 ! ,engli% type is atta*$ f ! v 
fir/ g5]ation4 ,?is fact is /at$ by "s  
naturali/s1 b x is d5i$ by o!rs4 ,we c  
say z mu* ( ! pret5d$ trans=mation (    
negroes4 ,messrs4 ,reiset1 ,lyell1 & ,e4
 ,reclus tell u t !y are trans=m$ 9 ab\t
 "o hundr$ & fifty ye>s to approa* !    
:ite type by "o qu>t] ( ! di/ance :i*   
sep>at$ !m f x4 ,b ,am]ican             
an?ropologi/s1 :o are ne>ly all         
polyg5i/s1 resolutely affirm ! contr>y4 
,?us we see ! facts are difficult to    
asc]ta91 & /ill m difficult to int]pret4
 ,x is "o ( ! gr& difficulties (        
an?ropology4 ,we r>ely succe$ 9 agree+  
ab\t ! facts !mselves1 :i* only happ5s 9
 "s exceptional cases support$ by       

p]fectly exact /ati/ics2 & _m facts are 
n ( a nature to be consign$ to ! columns
 ( an (ficial regi/]4 ,ev5 9 a case :]e 
! facts are plac$ beyond d\bt1 !y are   
g5]ally ( a nature to be v>i\sly        
int]pret$1 & e "o ) preconceiv$ ideas   
tortures !m at 8 pleasure1 & does n fail
 to f9d 9 !m a confirmation ( 8 !ories4 
,m4 ,tremaux is s fill$ ) 8 idea t he   
f9ds pro(s 9 support ( x ev5 9 politics2
 & reciprocally1 does n hesitate1 9 ! "n
 ( geology1 to c\nsel pr9ces on ! mann] 
( gov]n+ _! subjects4 ,= example1 we    
rememb] ! w> c>ri$ on 9 #ahdh by ,hung>y
 aga9/ ,au/ria4 ,at t "t ,transylvania  
)drew f ! common cause & ralli$ to !    
,au/rian gov]nm5t4 ,! emp]or ,francis   
,joseph rejoic$ at ?is result1 hop+ to  
easily propitiate ! ,croats2 b he       
exp]i5c$ f !m an unexpect$ resi/ance1 & 
_! assembly ( notables decl>$ t ,croatia
 %\ld cont9ue to %>e ! fate ( ,hung>y4  
,^u ?is ,m4 ,tremaux says3 ,?is w\ld    
appe> p>adoxical if we consid]$ only    
geographical positions1 b consult #hdi  

geology & all ?is w appe> p]fectly      
rational1 s9ce ,transylvania reposes l  
,au/ria ^u a great surface ( old gr\nd2 
:il/ ,hung>y1 ,croatia1 & ,dalmatia /&  
^u m rec5t lay]s4 ,we leave our read]s  
to appreciate ?is4  ,! au?or adds3 ,z to
 ,v5etia1 n only is its soil ( rec5t    
=mation1 b x possesses a di/9ct & v     
diff]5t nationality2 ?us ea* "o         
recognizes its unalt]able t5d5cies4     
,:at caus$ ! sangu9>y w> :i* has j      
desolat$ ,am]ica8 ,:y1 because !        
,s\!rns1 dwell+ on virg9 soil1 f\ght =  
_! indep5d5ce & w\ld n be gov]n$ by m5 f
 old l&s4 ,& reflect+ t ! new l&s ( !   
,s\? are m fitt$ to improve ! races :i* 
cultivate !m1 ,m4 ,tremaux fe>s n to    
pr$ict1 not)/&+ ! un=ese5 victory ( !   
,nor?1 t 9 ! future ! ,s\? w gov]n !    
,nor?1 if x be n sep>at$ f x4  ,z to    
,irel& & ,pol&1 x is aga9 9 ! "n (      
geology t our au?or def5ds _!           
indep5d5ce4 ,n hop+ to obta9 ?is result1
 he at lea/ gives ! pr9ces :o gov]n !m  
wise c\nsels = _! guidance4  ,let u come

 to ! sci5tific conclusions :i* ! au?or 
pret5ds to draw f 8 pr9ciple 9 favor (  
natural hi/ory 9 g5]al & ( an?ropology 9
 p>ticul>4 ,s9ce ! soil acts s          
en]getically 9 ! modification ( types1 x
 is evid5t t ! species ought to be      
ess5tially v>iable4 ,let a race be f\nd 
isolat$ on a favorable gr\nd1 )\t any   
communication ) ! re/ ( mank9d1 & !     
modifications w be produc$1 transmitt$1 
& increas$ 9 e g5]ation2 &1 aft] a long]
 or %ort] "t1 ! new type w be s diff]5t 
f ! old "o1 t illimitable fecundity w no
 long] exi/ betwe5 !m2 !re w only be "o 
species ! m4 ,trans=mations 9 reality   
are n made z rapidly z might be believ$1
 because ! isolation :i* we h suppos$   
nev] exi/s4 ,x !nce foll[s t ! cross+s )
 ! primitive race1 or ev5 ) a race on ! 
road to deg5]acy on an imp]fect soil1   
con/antly *eck ! effect ( ! sup]ior     
soil4 ,at l5g? !re is an equilibrium    
betwe5 ^! two causes1 & !n !re appe>s a 
m$ium type1 :i* pres]ves its id5tity s  
long z ! circum/ances rema9 ! same4 ,?is

 necess>ily happ5s 9 a p]iod ( sev]al   
?\s& ye>s1 l our hi/oric p]iod4 ,b if we
 take 9 at a glance sev]al ?\s& ages1 we
 %all und]/& t ! geological *anges      
effect$ by "t on ! surface ( ! _w w     
cause ! action ( ! soil to prevail ov] !
 influ5ce ( cross+s1 9 su* a mann] z to 
modify sl[ly b progressively ! types & !
 species4  ,/>t+ f ^! pr9ciples1 :at    
does ,m4 ,tremaux require 9 ord] to     
expla9 ! actual /ate ( creation8 ,a     
simple primordial cell or utricle1 ! mo/
 simply organiz$ be+1 :e!r animal or    
vegetable matt]s little4 ,if ?is be+ s  
simple exi/$ at ! epo* :i* geologi/s t]m
 ! ,silurian p]iod1 x is _m millions (  
ages pa/4 ,s9ce !n ! surface ( ! globe  
has be5 con/antly modifi$ & ameliorat$1 
life has be5 con/antly develop$1 & =m   
be5 br\ght ne>] to p]fection4 ,x is ?us 
t ev5 9 ! mo/ elem5t>y be+s nature has  
arriv$ at ! num]\s & complicat$ =ms :i* 
we "k4 ,9 ?is mann] man at 8 appo9t$ h\r
 appe>$ on e>?1 :]e he /rove to improve 
himself & is /riv+ 9 t direction /ill4  

,m4 ,tremaux does n exactly admit t we  
are desc5d$ f apes4 ,no2 b he cont5ds t 
bo? man & ape sprang f "o common s\rce1 
:i* has n[ disappe>$2 & t :il/ !        
quadruman1 plac$ "u unfavorable         
geological conditions1 has suff]$ f its 
inevitable influ5ce & be5 degrad$1 man  
has on ! contr>y1 "u happi] influ5ces1  
develop$ himself1 & is become able1 by  
#hej 8 intellig5t activity1 to combat ^?
 ext]nal influ5ces4 ,h5ce 8 actual      
sup]iority--h5ce 8 future progress4  ,a 
s]i\s objection "h pres5ts itself4 ,does
 ! influ5ce ( ! soil p]fect ! in/9ct (  
animals z well z _! bodies8 ,has x giv5 
man t intellig5ce :i*1 bett] ?an all    
zoological *>act]s1 especially di/+ui%es
 him f ! brute creation8 ,m4 ,tremaux   
meets ?is difficulty ) a reply :i* might
 h be5 tak5 f ,ny/5's diction>y4 ,9 8   
comp>ison ( man ) ! ape1 he tells u t   
,m4 ,gratiolet divides ! subject into   
two sections1 ! "o ref]r+ to            
organization1 ! o!r to faculties4 ,he   
conc$es ! resemblances ( ! fir/1 he     

refuses to ackn[l$ge ^? ( ! second1 )\t 
obs]v+ t ^! diff]5ces 9 faculties are   
only ! consequ5ce ( a great] or less    
degree ( organic developm5t4 ,?is       
philosophical h]esy does n slip by *ance
 f ! writ]'s p52 we f9d x repeat$ 9     
sev]al places1 ne>ly 9 ! same t]ms4     
,moreov]1 9 refut+ ano!r passage f      
,gratiolet1 he says3 ,i am a/oni%$ t    
,gratiolet does n recognize 9 in/9ct a  
rudim5t ( intellig5ce2 9 ! con/ructions 
( ! beav]1 9 ! ne/s ( birds1 9 ! cells (
 bees1 elem5ts ( sculpture & ( design1  
etc4  ,m4 ,tremaux divides ! op9ions (  
,gratiolet into two2 ! fir/ "p is s]i\s1
 & is t ( ! le>n$ anatomi/2 ! second is 
t ( s5tim5t1 :]e9 he speaks by ! same   
title z ! philosoph]s :o develop ! void 
( _! entities4 ,?is contempt =          
philosophy well expla9s ! /range ideas (
 our au?or ab\t ! intellig5ce ( man & ! 
s\ls ( brutes4 ,to see no?+ betwe5 bo? b
 a diff]5ce ( organization is n         
philosophical4 ,a little metaphysics    
w\ld spoil no?+1 & x really does n      

require a /rong dose to behold ! abyss  
:i* sep>ates human intellig5ce1 capable 
( seiz+ ! ab/ract & ! absolute z well z 
! concrete & ! cont95t1 f t ( brutes1   
act+ by in/9ct1 able only at ! mo/ to   
comb9e "s s5sations1 )\t ev] hav+ any   
g5]al ideas4  ,we ?9k we h n[ giv5 a    
pretty exact epitome ( ,m4 ,tremaux'    
ideas4 ,! :ole "w re/s ^u an ill def9$  
pr9ciple1 :i*1 9 ! s5se 9 :i* we h      
und]/ood x1 ! only "o :i* appe>s to u to
 be feasible1 _c be consid]$ new4 ,?is  
pr9ciple1 al?\gh true 9 a c]ta9 s5se &  
)9 c]ta9 limits1 is n to be prov$       
irrefragable1 z ! basis ( any !ory %\ld 
be4 ,! consequ5ces :i* are s\ght to be  
drawn f ! premises are n necess>ily     
conta9$ 9 !m1 & _m be> n ! seal ( a     
:olesome philosophy4 ,we %all p]haps be 
?\ght a little too sev]e ^u ?is "w4 ,we 
?9k we %\ld be s1 especially z ! au?or  
is 9 _m respects recomm5dable4 ,apropos 
( ! "q ( species1 ,m4 ,tremaux writes3  
,m4 ,k\r5s has 8 m]its1 b !y lie        
else:]e2 x is 9 8 rese>*es on ! p]io/eum

 & on ! vital cord t he acquires !m4 ,we
 may be all[$ to use ! same expressions 
& to say3 ,m4 ,tremaux des]ves well1 b n
 h]e92 8 actual labors on e?nography &  
ar*aeology are v good4 ,read ! acc\nt ( 
8 travels to ,s\dan & into ,asia ,m9or1 
& y w ackn[l$ge him a man ( tal5t &     
und\bt$ sci5ce4 ,b z to 8 !oretical     
ideas on ! "q ( ! species1 he mu/ n     
reckon ^u !m to support 8 reputation4   
,"s j\rnals may wa/e _! inc5se ^u him2 !
 ,con/itutional may exclaim3 ,! veil has
 be5 lift$444 a new law is ab\t to unite
 all disputants4 4 ! argum5ts ( ,m4     
,tremaux ab\nd1 & we feel only an       
emb>rassm5t 9 *oos+4 ,l',indep5dance    
,beige w jo9 ! *orus4 ,ev5 ! ,moniteur w
 grant its approval4 ,b all ?is is no   
set-(f aga9/ ! op9ions ( ! le>n$1 & ,m4 
,tremaux kn[s v well t our great        
naturali/s d n #hea look ^u 8 ideas z   
acceptable1 or 8 argum5ts z conclusive4 
,x w be obs]v$ t we h n spok5 ( !       
,bible1 al?\gh its n>rative appe>s      
compromis$ by ! trans=mation !ory4 ,we  

believe x to be useless to mix up !ology
 ) sci5tific debates1 at lea/1 :5 x is n
 directly attack$4 ,n[1 ,m4 ,tremaux is 
f> f attack+ revelation2 he does n      
believe 8 ideas reconcileable ) ,g5esis2
 he nev] speaks ( ! ,bible n>rative b ) 
! greate/ respect4 ,h5ce we believe x   
advisable to %[ great tol]ance t[>d     
sci5ces :i* are /ill 9 _! infancy1 :i*  
require _! elb[s free = developm5t1 &   
:i* mu/ w&] a little 9 unkn[n c\ntries1 
free to make a false /ep f "t to "t4 ,x 
is ?us !y w progress & arrive at ! tru?4
  ,we w add "o la/ rem>k on ! address ( 
! an?ropologi/s4 ,! orig9 ( man conc]ns 
hi/orians z mu* z naturali/s2 = ?is     
reason we %\ld n1 9 works ( ?is "*1     
neglect hi/oric monum5ts4 ,( all ^?     
monum5ts1 books are ! sure/4 ,ev5 9     
ab/ract+ ! special value :i* ! ,bible   
possesses z an inspir$ volume1 x is n ! 
less true t x is a docum5t :i* mu/ be   
consid]$1 & :i* z a writt5 docum5t has  
an inconte/ably saf] mean+ ?an all !    
fossils 9 ! _w4  ,= a high] reason we   

%\ld bew>e ( all !ories or hypo!ses :i* 
d n agree ) ! sacr$ text4 ,! ,bible no  
d\bt is n int5d$ to in/ruct u 9 !       
secrets ( ! natural ord]1 & x is p]haps 
= t t we f9d 9 x s little relat+ to ^!  
subjects2 b ! ,holy ,gho/1 :o inspir$ ! 
sacr$ writ]s1 c\ld n h dictat$ to !m    
errors1 & e ass]tion :i* w\ld be contr>y
 to ! cle> & c]ta9 s5se ( a passage 9 x 
%\ld1 = ?is reason1 be reject$ z untrue4
 ,:5 ! s5se is obscure or d\btful1 :i*  
is ne>ly always ! case 9 passages relat+
 to physics1 we %\ld1 we ?9k1 be v      
cauti\s1 & x is prud5t = ! le>n$ to be  
on _! gu>d1 = fe> ( fall+ into v num]\s 
& grave errors4  ------  ,f ,! ,victoria
 ,magaz9e4  ,,wisdom ,,by ,,exp]i5ce4   
,:at a %ame6 ,:at abom9able int]f]5ce6  
,:at cruelty6 ,:at tyranny6 ,^! & _m o!r
 /rong expressions ( ! same k9d proce$$ 
f a collection ( rose-/ocks plant$ ready
 = budd+4 ,!y 7 all fi]cely angry &     
indignant1 & fir/ "o & !n ano!r utt]$ "s
 exclamation ( disgu/1 & !n all jo9$ 9 a
 *orus ( mal$ictions on ! g>d5] :o _h   

done !m s mu* injury4 ,x 0 9 ! mon? (   
,june t _! feel+s 7 s mu* excit$1 j :5 !
 sap 0 mo/ active1 & !y 7 ?r[+ out _!   
mo/ luxuriant %oots4 ,i don't "k h[ !y  
w5t on :5 ! g>d5] fir/ dug !m up out ( !
 h$ges1 & cut away all _! side bran*es &
 left only a s+le /raight /em4 ,if !y   
did n make a fight = x !n1 x mu/ h be5  
because _! sap 0 all dri$ up1 & _!      
leaves _h fall5 (f1 & !y 7 9 l[ spirits1
 & did n mu* c>e :at became ( !m4 ,b ev5
 !n ,i don't ?9k !y yield$ )\t a        
/ruggle1 & ,i h no d\bt !re 0 a good    
deal ( scrat*+ & dragg+ back1 #heb & a  
great %[ ( indep5d5ce & sull5ness4 ,b !y
 _h n ! spirits to keep up resi/ance1 & 
! g>d5] did n give !m mu* *ance1 = he   
prun$ !m close1 & plant$ !m 9 r[s j f>  
en\gh ap>t to prev5t ! possibility ( _! 
hav+ mu* int]c\rse1 or ( ! evil dispos$ 
corrupt+ ! m docile4 ,b x 0 diff]5t 9   
,june1 :51 z ,i said1 ! sap 0 active1 & 
_! bran*es began to gr[ out on all      
sides1 s t !y c\ld rea* ea* o!r & ev5   
take a sly p9* at ! g>d5] or any ( 8    

fri5ds :o happ5$ to come ne>4 ,& !      
p>ticul> irritation n[ 0 because ! g>d5]
 _h discov]$ h[ wild !y 7 becom+1 & set 
resolutely ab\t re/ra9+ !m4 ,fir/ ( all 
he cut (f all ! suck]s t grew f ! roots1
 & ! l[] %oots1 leav+ only ^? t grew at 
! cr[n ( ! /ock1 & !n he put !m all     
/raight up1 & w\ld n let !m loll ab\t or
 hang ov] ! pa?--a habit !y _h got into 
:i* 0 v disagreeable to ^? :o pass$ by4 
,& if !y w\ld n /& upright )\t1 he fa/5$
 !m to pieces ( bo>d let into ! gr\nd4  
,?is 0 a great grievance1 b ,i ?9k !y   
mo/ rebell$ at hav+ _! l[] b\ghs cut (f1
 = if left to !mselves !y w\ld h spread 
& puff$ !mselves out 9 a mo/ ridicul\s  
way4  ,n[ x s happ5$ t ,madame ,boll1 a 
/ock ( a =m] ye> :i* _h be5 budd$1 b    
left 9 its place & n remov$ ) ! re/ into
 ! fl[]-g>d51 he>d _! exclamations (    
ang] & impati5ce1 & hav+ p]haps gone    
?r\gh "s su* phase ( feel+ h]self1 & ?us
 ga9$ wisdom by exp]i5ce1 %e ?\ght %e   
w\ld try if %e c\ld put _! case to !m 9 
a bett] light2 s %e took advantage ( a  

little lull 9 ! /orm1 & said 9 a g5tle1 
ladylike tone1  ,my "y fri5ds1 ,i am v  
sorry to see y s unhappy2 b p]haps if y 
w he> :at ,i h got to say1 y might ?9k  
bett] ( y\r pres5t position4  ,well1    
said ,miss ,/rong1 :o 0 toss+ h] long   
arms ab\t 9 a v excit$ way1 only luckily
 %e 0 out ( rea*1 if y are go+ to take !
 g>d5]'s "p1 & prea* pati5ce &          
submission1 & t sort ( ?+1 ,i c tell y y
 _h bett] keep y\r rem>ks to y\rself1 or
 if ,i c get at y1 ,i'll spoil t neat   
head-dress ( y\rs1 :i*1 let me tell y1  
is n half z pretty z hundr$s 9 ! h$g][s1
 or z ours w\ld h be51 if we _h be5 left
 to our own devices z we 7 la/ ye>2 :i* 
tirade %e end$ ) a scornful laugh 9 :i* 
_m ( ! o!rs jo9$4  ,b little ,miss      
,wild-,rose1 :o 0 ne>]1 said quietly1   
,p]haps x w\ld be z well to he> :at is  
said on ! o!r side2 p>ticul>ly z1 x is  
too hot to g on scream+ & abus+ p :o    
don't seem to c>e ab\t x2 & z sev]al ( !
 o!rs 7 ( ! same op9ion1 ,madame ,boll  
took c\rage1 & said :at 0 9 h] m9d4     

,p]haps x may give y m confid5ce 9 me to
 "k1 t :5 ,i 0 fir/ plac$ "h ,i _h _m ( 
! same ?\ghts & feel+s t y appe> to h4  
,i did n "k :y ,i 0 tak5 out ( ! h$g][1 
& trimm$ & re/ra9$1 & n all[$ to h my   
own way2 & ,i confess ,i ?\ght x v h>d4 
,p>ticul>ly ,i 0 indignant1 z no d\bt y 
w be :5 ! "t comes 7= y h /ill a good   
deal to und]go :i* y "k no?+ ab\t at    
pres5t71--,i 01 ,i say1 v indignant :5 !
 g>d5] cut a slit 9 ! only %oot :i* he  
_h left me1 & :i* 0 gr[+ v luxuriant1 & 
,i 0 q pr\d ( x2 & introduc$ a meagre   
little bud f ano!r tree1 & made me n\ri%
 & /r5g!n x1 ?\gh ,i knew t my own %oot 
w\ld suff] by x2 & s x turn$ out2 = aft]
 a :ile1 :5 ! bud began to gr[1 he cut  
away #hec my natural %oot altoge!r1 &   
left only t :i* _h be5 ins]t$4  ,"h     
,miss ,/rong broke 94  ,y 7 v tame to   
submit to x4 ,i w\ld h bang$ & twi/$    
ab\t till ,i _h got rid ( x "s way or   
o!r4  ,ah6 said ,madame ,boll1 we %all  
see2 y are /rong] & m resolute ?an ,i 04
 ,all ,i "k is1 ,i c\ld n help myself4  

,c[>dly creature6 mutt]$ ,miss ,/rong1  
scornfully4 ,b ,madame ,boll resum$3  ,i
 soon got us$ to ! *ange1 & gradually   
began to take an int]e/ 9 ! bud ,i _h   
adopt$2 & ?\gh ( c\rse ,miss ,/rong may 
affect to despise its beauty1 ,i c      
assure y t mo/ p h a diff]5t op9ion4    
,:]eupon1 ,madame ,boll gave h]self     
airs1 & coquetti%ly mov$ aside a leaf or
 two1 & display$ a mo/ p]fect &         
symmetrical rose4  ,b1 said ,miss       
,wild-,rose & h] p>ty all 9 a brea?1 d y
 mean t we %all all be> roses l t8  ,n  
all1 c]ta9ly1 possibly none ( y exactly 
l1 = !re are hundr$s ( v>ieties1 & _m ( 
!m mu* m beautiful4 ,x w be j z ! g>d5] 
fancies1 ?\gh he is g5]ally guid$ 9 8   
selection by ! habit & vigor ( ! /ock1  
,i d>esay he w give ,miss ,/rong1 :o is 
s en]getic1 a bud ( ,gloire de ,dijon1  
or ,anna de ,diesba*1 & y1 be+ weak]1 w 
h ,devoni5sis1 or ,niphetos4  ,miss     
,/rong gave a scornful toss at ?is1 b   
did n v\*safe any rem>k1 ?\gh ,i ?9k %e 
felt r complim5t$1 & ! o!rs began to    

muse1 s9ce x mu/ be s1 :at rose !y w\ld 
be likely to h1 & :i* w\ld become !m    
be/4  ,a little "t aft] ?is x turn$ out 
j z ,madame ,boll _h said--! g>d5] came 
"o morn+ & began to bud ! /ocks1 & j z  
he 0 prep>+ ,miss ,wild-,rose = !       
op]ation1 a "y lady came by1 & ask$ :at 
bud he int5d$ = t "o1 =1 %e said1 ,i    
want a ,devoni5sis1 & ,i ?9k x w\ld j   
suit x4  ,i h got a ,devoni5sis bud "h1 
he said1 & w put x 94  ,& t tall "o ,i  
?9k ,i %\ld l = ,gloire de ,dijon4  ,i w
 try1 he said1 b someh[ ,i am half      
afraid ,i %all h "s tr\ble ) x1 = ?\gh  
vigor\s x is r awkw>d1 & ! ?orns are v  
spiteful4 ,to say ! tru?1 ,i am half    
afraid ( x1 & h be5 leav+ x till ! la/4 
,b :at1 said ! lady1 is ?is 9 ! corn]8  
,surely x is ,madame ,boll2 & su* a     
beauty6 ,:at is x do+ "h8  ,to say !    
tru?1 ma'am1 ,i ov]look$ x :5 ,i plant$ 
! o!rs out1 & n[ x mu/ rema9 :]e x is = 
ano!r ye>4  ,well1 %e said1 ,i hope !   
o!rs w take patt]n f x & d z well4  ,s1 
said ,madame ,boll1 aft] !y 7 gone1 t   

acc\nts = my be+ left "h3 ,i mu/ confess
 ,i 0 a little mortifi$1 = ,i ?\ght x 0 
a slight2 b ,i g5]ally f9d1 if we wait  
a:ile1 ev]y?+ comes "r 9 ! end1 &       
possibly my be+ "h has done y "s good1  
or giv5 y com=t2 & if s1 in/ead (       
regret1 ,i ought to feel pleasure4 ,b   
n[1 my "y fri5ds1 ,i w tell y a         
conv]sation ,i ov]he>d "o day1 betwe5 ! 
"y lady :o 0 "h j n[ & ano!r1 :i* y\r   
fooli% behavior a %ort "t ago br\ght to 
my m9d4 ,!y 7 talk+ ab\t ! *ildr5 9 !   
s*ool1 & h[ difficult x 0 to make !m    
feel ! advantage ( be+ submissive &     
con=m+ to _! rules4 ,!y said !y 7 s     
anxi\s to h _! own way1 & seem$ to ?9k x
 0 a pleasure to _! tea*]s to ?w>t !m1  
or make !m d :at !y did n wi%1 & n t x 0
 int5d$ = _! good2 & if _! tea*]s ?\ght 
!y paid too mu* att5tion to _! dress1   
#hed & wi%$ to be sm>t1 & we> fl[]s &   
fea!rs1 :5 !y ought r to be adorn+ _!   
m9ds1 & beautify+ _! temp]s1 & enri*+ _!
 und]/&+1 !y 7 ready to cry out1 z y did
 j n[1 ',:at tyranny6' ',h[ int]f]+6'   

',:y c't !y let u dress z we l8' ,b :at 
!y 7 p>ticul>ly compla9+ ab\t on t      
occasion1 0 t ! *ildr5 w\ld p]si/ 9 we>+
 hoops :i* /uck out _! clo!s1 & made !m 
take up twice z mu* room z !y o!rwise   
w\ld h done4 ,=1 x seems1 ! b5*es :]e !y
 sat 7 only l>ge en\gh = !m if !y sat   
close toge!r1 :i* !y c\ld n d ) hoops   
on1 s !y 7 oblig$ to tell !m !y c\ld n  
take !m into ! s*ool if !y did n lay    
aside _! hoops1 & "s ( !m 7 fooli% en\gh
 to say t !y w\ld n come to s*ool if !y 
7 n all[$ to we> hoops4 ,n[1 x /ruck me1
 ?is 0 j l y\r folly 9 wi%+ to keep y\r 
wild-gr[+ suck]s & l[] bran*es1 :5 y "k 
v well t !y w\ld take away all !        
n\ri%m5t :i* is ne$$ to br+ ! beautiful 
rose-buds to p]fection2 ! bud1 9 y\r    
place1 answ]+ to ! k & o!r excell5ces   
:i* x is ! object ( education to imp>t  
to _! ignorant & lawless natures1 & :i*1
 9 aft] ye>s1 :5 !y are able to         
appreciate !m1 !y prize highly1 & c     
h>dly und]/& :at x 0 t made !m s av]se  
to g ?r\gh ! process necess>y = _!      

acquirem5t4  ,a ye> or two aft]w>d ,i   
saw ! "y lady & ! g>d5] look+ at a b$ ( 
beautiful roses on ! lawn1 & he>d ! "y  
lady ask :at _h become ( ! ,devoni5sis  
%e _h ask$ him to bud4  ,don't y see x1 
ma'am1 he said1 gr[+ aga9/ ! wall8 ,i   
?9k x is almo/ ! gem ( ! :ole g>d54     
,oh1 :at a beauty6 %e exclaim$2 & h[    
well x has gr[n6  ,yes1 ma'am1 he said2 
x has always done well2 x seem$ to take 
to x k9dly f ! v fir/1 & has nev] gone  
back at all4 ,b ,i _h a good deal (     
tr\ble ) ?is "o2 p]haps y may rememb] my
 say+ ,i ?\ght x likely ,i %\ld4 ,x is t
 /rong gr[+ "o y rem>k$ at ! same "t :5 
y told me to bud ! ,devoni5sis4 ,x won't
 make mu* %[ ?is ye>4 ,x wa/$ s mu*     
en]gy 9 putt+ out side-%oots & suck]s4  
,b ,i ?9k x has got out ( its bad ways1 
& next ye> ,i hope x w make q a gr&     
tree4  ,oh6 %e said1 & "h is my old     
fri5d ,madame ,boll1 ,i see4 ,i am glad 
y put x "h1 x is well wor? a good place4
  ,y he>1 said ,madame ,boll1 aft] !y 7 
gone1 to h] neighbor ,gloire de ,dijon1 

:at !y say ( u1 & ,i hope y h become    
reconcil$ to ! *ange1 & w let ! good t  
is 9 y %[ itself4  ,:]eupon !re seem$ to
 come r a la*rymose murmur f ! dw>f$    
%oot ( ,gloire de ,dijon4 ,b am ,i n to 
fl[] at all ?is ye>8  ,well1 my de>1    
said ,madame ,boll1 t5d]ly1 ,i d n wi%  
to be sev]e or say any?+ to hurt y\r    
feel+s1 b y mu/ "k t y\r pres5t         
disappo9tm5t is ! natural result ( y\r  
pa/ conduct4 ,y 7 s det]m9$ to indulge 9
 p]v]se & self-will$ suck]s1 & y nev]   
let ! g>d5] t\* y )\t try+ to prick 8   
f+]s or te> 8 clo!s4 ,& n[ all y want is
 a little pati5ce4 ,:o kn[s b y may be  
all[$ to bloom 9 ! autumn1 & p]haps w9 !
 prize at ! la/ fl[] %[8 ,b if n1 :y x w
 be all "r next ye>4 ,d y ?9k x 0 no    
mortification to me to be neglect$ &    
almo/ unnotic$ la/ ye>1 & t1 z x appe>s1
 entirely ow+ to ! c>elessness ( o!rs1 &
 n f any fault ( m9e8 ,well1 y see1 ,i h
 got ov] x2 & v likely next ye> #hee y w
 h ! gratification ( he>+ ! lady praise 
y z %e did me j n[4 ,be ?ankful t       

exp]i5ce ) y has n come too late4  ,:5  
,madame ,boll end$1 ,i c\ld see on !    
edge ( "o ( h] delicate leaves a drop ( 
dew1 & ,i said to myself1 ,h[ v l a te>6
  ------  ,f ,! ,mon?4  ,,labor]s ,,gone
 ,,to ,,_! ,,rew>d4   ,9 ! days 9 :i* we
 live1 m p]haps ?an at any o!r "t1      
education1 ! s*ool1 & ! college are made
 ! positions ( vital importance 9 !     
battle-field ( cont5d+ pr9ciples4       
,s]vices r5d]$ & losses su/a9$ on su*   
po9ts are1 !re=e1 wor?y ( special       
notice1 ( p>ticul> gratitude1 or (      
sorr[4 ,9 ! mon? ( ,may ( ?is ye> two   
s\ls w5t to _! re/1 bo? ( :om _h labor$ 
long1 signally1 & successfully 9 ! cause
 ( ,ca?olic education--especially = !   
high] classes2 bo? ( :om h left beh9d !m
 in/itutions 9 :i* _! _s is en%r9$3     
de/9$1 we tru/1 to cont9ue ?r\gh        
c5turies yet to come ! "w1 ! beg9n+s (  
:i* 7 committ$ to ^? ^: loss we are n[  
lam5t+4 ,on ! #ad? ( ,may ,monsignor de 
,ram1 ! re/or] ( ,ca?olic univ]sity     
education 9 ! c\ntries ov] :i* ! ,fr5*  

revolution _h swept1 di$ peacefully1 b  
almo/ )\t w>n+2 & a few days lat]1 8    
decease 0 foll[$ by t ( ! rev]5d "m     
,madel9e ,sophie ,b>at1 ! f\ndress &    
fir/ sup]ioress-g5]al ( ! congregation (
 ! nuns ( ! ,sacr$ ,he>t4 ,let u devote 
a few l9es to ea*4  ,monsignor de ,ram 0
 born at ,l\va91 ( p>5ts di/+ui%$ =     
piety & noble desc5t1 ,septemb] #b1     
#ahjd4 ,he e>ly devot$ himself to !     
s]vice ( ! ,*ur*2 0 orda9$ prie/1 ,m>*  
#ai1ahbg2 & became at once pr(essor 9 ! 
ecclesia/ical sem9>y ( 8 native diocese1
 ,me*l94 ,he _h no soon] gr[n up ?an he 
0 /ruck by obs]v+ t 8 native language1 !
 ,flemi%1 :i* ( all ,european tongues   
mo/ ne>ly resembles our own1 0 almo/    
:olly )\t books ( a good t5d5cy4 ,!     
reason 0 evid5t4 ,! population by :i* x 
is spok5 is comp>atively small1 & is    
hemm$ 9 by o!rs :i* speak ,fr5*1 ,dut*1 
or ,g]man4 ,h5ce x has almo/ sunk into a
 patois4 ,m5 :o speak ,flemi% to _!     
s]vants & labor]s read & write 9 ,fr5*4 
,! fir/ labors ( ,mons4 de ,ram 7 devot$

 to meet ?is want1 by publi%+ sev]al v  
useful books 9 ,flemi%4 ,he 0 only ?irty
 :5 ! bi%ops ( ,belgium resolv$ to erect
 a ,ca?olic univ]sity4 ,! attempt c\ld  
nev] be=e h be5 made2 = 9 ,belgium1     
almo/ m ?an any:]e else1 education _h = 
two hundr$ ye>s be5 seiz$ by ! /ate1 &  
us$ to an irreligi\s purpose4 ,!        
revolution ( #ahcj1 ?\gh n made by !    
,*ur* nor 9 its int]e/s1 _h giv5 x a    
fre$om :i* x nev] possess$ be=e4 ,! fir/
 use made ( ?is fre$om by ! bi%ops (    
,belgium 0 to erect a ,ca?olic          
univ]sity1 & ! "y & zeal\s prie/ de ,ram
 0 set ov] x by _! delib]ate *oice4 ,to 
its s]vice he devot$ ! re/ ( 8 life4    
,b5ea? 8 c>e 7 tra9$ dur+ ?irty ye>s a  
cont9ual succession ( "y m51 :o are at  
?is day ! /r5g? ( ! ,*ur* 9 ,belgium1 & 
to a consid]able degree 9 ,france4 #hef 
,engl& also has s5t /ud5ts !re4 ,^? :o h
 _h ! happ9ess ( att5d+ ! meet+s ( !    
,ca?olic congress 9 ,belgium mu/1 we    
?9k1 h be5 /ruck by ! high ,ca?olic tone
 ( a numb] ( "y m5 ( ! middle & high]   

classes1 & by _! intellig5ce4 ,= ^? m5  
,belgium & ! ,*ur* are indebt$ to !     
,ca?olic univ]sity ( ,l\va91 & ( t      
univ]sity ,monsignor de ,ram has1 until 
8 dea?1 be5 ! s\l4 ,on ,friday1 ,may    
#ab1 he return$ f att5d+ a meet+ ( !    
academy ( ,brussels4 ,on ! ev5+ (       
,sunday1 #ad?1 he _h ent]$ into ! unse5 
_w4 ,8 age 0 only sixty2 & z he 0 will+1
 s x might h be5 expect$ t he w\ld be   
able1 to cont9ue = ye>s to come ! labors
 9 :i* 8 life _h be5 sp5t4 ,su* 0 n ! w 
( 8 ,"l1 ^: call he 0 at once ready to  
obey4  ,at ,p>is1 on ! morn+ ( ,monday1 
,may #bb1 only sev5 :ole days lat]1 !   
sup]ioress ( ! ,society ( ! ,sacr$ ,he>t
 _h att5d$ ! mass ( ! community4 ,%e _h 
complet$ 9 ! prec$+ ,decemb] h]         
eighty-fif? ye>4 ,h] day ( labor 0 at   
la/ ov]4 ,%e 0 seiz$ ) apoplexy1 & nev] 
recov]$ ! p[] ( spee*4 ,%e gave1 h[ev]1 
cle> signs ( intellig5ce1 & receiv$ !   
viaticum1 z well z ! la/ unction4 ,on ! 
#bd? ! bless+ ( ! ,holy ,fa!r rea*$ h]  
by a telegraphic message4 ,on ! #be? %e 

slept ! sleep ( ! j4  ,%e 0 born 9      
,decemb]1 #aggi4 ,%e _h an eld] bro!r1  
:o be=e #ahjj 0 a prie/1 & _h jo9$      
himself to a society :i* 0 =m$ at ,vi5na
 9 ! latt] "p ( ! ,fr5* revolution1 "u !
 title ( ! ,fa!rs ( ! ,sacr$ ,he>t4 ,!  
fir/ sup]ior ( ?is society1 ,fa!r       
,t\rnely1 _h be5 a pupil ( ! illu/ri\s  
,fa!r ,em]y at ,/4 ,sulpice4 ,8 object  
seems to h be5 to cont9ue "u ano!r "n ! 
_s & practices ( ! ,society ( ,jesus1   
:i* _h be5 swept away tw5ty ye>s be=e by
 ! insane union ( ! mon>*s ( ,europe ) !
 revolution>y infidels1 until times %\ld
 all[ ( its re-e/abli%m5t4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 
he did n live to see4 ,8 successor1     
,fa!r ,v>91 jo9$ x at its re/oration4   
,he relates t ! great desire ( ,fa!r    
,t\rnely 0 ! f\ndation ( a congregation 
( nuns devot$1 "u ! protection ( !      
,sacr$ ,he>t1 to ! education ( "y p]sons
 ( _! own sex4 ,at "o "t he _h hop$ to  
see ?is project c>ri$ into execution by 
! ,pr9cess ,l\isa ( ,b\rbon-,conde1 :o  
actually came f ,switz]l&1 :]e %e 0 9   

exile1 to ,vi5na1 to conf] ) him on !   
subject4 ,b ,god call$ h] to !          
contemplative life1 & %e became a       
,b5$ict9e4 ,fa!r ,t\rnely1 h[ev]1 nev]  
d\bt$ its execution4 ,walk+ "o day on ! 
=tifications n[ de/roy$1 b !n surr\nd+  
,vi5na1 he said to ,fa!r ,v>91 allud+ to
 ?is disappo9tm5t1 ,de> fri5d1 ,i ?\ght 
?is _h be5 ! "w ( ,god1 & if x is n1 ,i 
confess ,i d n "k h[ to disc]n betwe5 ! 
_s ( tru? & ! _s ( falsehood4 ,!n1 aft] 
rema9+ sil5t a:ile 9 recollection1 he   
turn$ to 8 fri5d1 ) some?+ ( fire m ?an 
natural 9 8 expression1 & add$3 ,x is ! 
w ( ,god4 ,z to ! occasion & ! in/rum5t1
 ,i may h be5 deceiv$2 b1 soon] or lat]1
 ?is society w be f\nd$4 ,8 fri5d us$ to
 say t ! impression left by ^! words1 & 
! mann] 9 :i* !y 7 spok51 nev] fad$ f 8 
m9d4 ,!y impress$ him ) ! same          
conviction2 & he add$1 t :5 he repeat$  
!m to 8 bre?r51 x took possession ( all 
_! m9ds4  ,9 tru?1 said ,fr4 ,v>91 ,god 
_h n *os5 = ! comm5cem5t ( ?is "w       
in/rum5ts great 9 ?is _w4 ,t ! glory    

might be 8 alone1 he 0 pleas$ t !       
f\ndation ( ! build+ %\ld be simplicity1
 littl5ess1 no?+ness4  ,fr4 ,t\rnely di$
 soon aft]w>d1 #heg 9 ! fl[] ( 8 age4   
,fr4 ,v>9 succe$$ him1 & ! conclusion ( 
! revolution enabl$ him & 8 bre?r5 to   
return to ,p>is4 ,to ,p>is !y w5t 9 !   
ye> #ahjj4 ,x 0 exactly ! mom5t :5 to   
human eyes ! night seem$ d>ke/1 b :5 !  
morn+ 0 ready to spr+4 ,pius ,,vi4 di$ a
 prison] 9 ! h&s ( ! infidel ,fr5*      
revolutioni/s1 ,augu/ #bi1 #agii4 ,at   
?is mom5t1 says ,macaulay1 x is n /range
 t ev5 sagaci\s obs]v]s %\ld h ?\ght t  
at l5g? ! h\r ( ! ,*ur* ( ,rome 0 come4 
,an infidel p[] 9 ! asc5dant1 ! pope dy+
 9 captivity1 ! mo/ illu/ri\s prelates (
 ,france liv+ 9 a =eign c\ntry on       
,prote/ant alms1 ! noble/ edifices :i* !
 munific5ce ( =m] ages _h consecrat$ to 
! wor%ip ( ,god turn$ into temples (    
victory1 or into banquet+-h\ses =       
political societies1 or into            
!ophilan?ropic *apels2 su* signs might  
well be suppos$ to indicate ! approa*+  

end ( t long dom9ation4 ,b ! end 0 n    
yet4 ,aga9 doom$ to dea?1 ! milk-:ite   
h9d 0 /ill fat$ n to die4 ,ev5 be=e !   
fun]al rites _h be5 p]=m$ ov] ! a%es (  
,pius ,,vi41 a great reaction _h        
comm5c$1 :i* aft] ! lapse ( sixty-five  
ye>s appe>s to be /ill 9 progress4 ,z   
yet1 h[ev]1 no human =esight w\ld h     
obs]v$ ! tok5s ( t reaction4 ,p>is 0 no 
long] ! city :]e ! elde/ son ( ! ,*ur* 0
 en?ron$1 & :]e ! great ( ?is _w 7      
rejoic$ to heap _! weal? ^u any new plan
 :i* promis$ to promote ! glory ( ,god4 
,/ill1 ,napoleon ,bonap>te _h j seiz$ ! 
re9s z fir/ consul1 & !re 0 at lea/     
tol]ation to prie/s4 ,! community liv$ 9
 a s+le mean room1 :i* s]v$ !m z        
dormitory1 refectory1 kit*51 & /udy4 ,"h
 ,fr4 ,v>9 0 sitt+ ^u ! edge ( a v %abby
 b$1 & by 8 side sat "o ( 8 community1  
,fr4 ,b>at4 ,i ask$ him :at relations he
 _h4 ,he said1 "o little si/]4 ,! words 
made a /rong impression ^u me4 ,i ask$  
h[ old %e 01 & :at 7 h] p[]s4 ,he said  
%e 0 eighte5 or n9ete52 t %e _h le>n$   

,lat9 & ,greek1 & translat$ ,virgil &   
,hom] ) ease2 t %e _h qualities to make 
a good tea*]2 b t = ! pres5t %e _h gone 
to pass "s "t 9 h] family4 ,fa!r ,b>at1 
good man z he 01 0 n above human        
infirmity1 & l o!r eld] bro!rs1 h[ev]   
pr\d he might be ( 8 y\ng] si/]1 c\ld   
nev] fancy t %e 0 really gr[n up2 = :5  
he said %e 0 ab\t eighte5 or n9ete51 %e 
0 "o-&-tw5ty4 ,two mon?s lat] %e came to
 ,p>is4 ,i w5t to see h]1 & f\nd a "y   
p]son ( v delicate appe>ance1 extremely 
retir+1 & v timid4 ,:at a               
f\ndation-/one6 said ,i to myself1 9    
reply to ! feel+ ,i _h _h )9 me :5 h]   
bro!r _h m5tion$ h] to me = ! fir/ "t4  
,& yet x 0 ^u h] t x 0 ! w ( ,god to    
raise ! build+ ( ! ,society ( ,8 ,div9e 
,he>t4 ,?is 0 ! gra9 ( mu/>d-se$ :i* 0  
to produce ! tree ^: bran*es h already  
spread s wide4  ,on ,novemb] #ba1 #ahjj1
 %e d$icat$ h]self to ! ,sacr$ ,he>t1 "u
 ! patronage ( ! ,bless$ ,virg91 toge!r 
) an intimate fri5d1 ,mlle4 ,octavia    
,bailly1 :o %>$ h] aspirations4 ,x 0 !  

fir/ /reak on ! sky :i* told ( ! com+   
day4 ,! day ! society 0 =m$1 9 #ahjb1 %e
 became sup]ioress ( ! fir/ h\se1 :i* 0 
at ,ami5s4 ,9 #ahjf1 a second 0 f\nd$ at
 ,gr5oble2 t ye> ! fir/ g5]al           
congregation elect$ h] sup]ioress-g5]al4
 ,9 #ahbf !re 7 sev5te5 h\ses1 & ! rules
 7 approv$ by ,leo ,,xii4 ,be=e h] dea? 
%e _h "u h] rule n9ety-sev5 h\ses &     
#c1ejj nuns4 ,%e _h be5 sup]ioress ( !  
congregation = sixty-?ree ye>s2 & x is  
probable t ! majority ( ! ,fr5* ladies  
n[ liv+ :o h receiv$ a religi\s #heh    
education at all h receiv$ x at ! h&s ( 
h]self or ( h] *ildr5 9 religion4  ,h]  
body 0 tak5 to ,conflans1 :]e is !      
novitiate 9 ! neighborhood ( ,p>is4     
,dur+ ?ree days h] cell 0 visit$ by all 
:om ! rules ( ! community p]mitt$ to    
ent]--! nuns ( ! diff]5t h\ses 9 ,p>is1 
pupils pres5t & =m] ( all ages4 ,n only 
^!1 b _m prie/s 7 s desir\s to h m$als1 
*aplets1 etc41 t\*$ by h] rema9s1 t two 
si/]s1 :o 7 cont9ually employ$1 7 h>dly 
able to satisfy ! g5]al desire4  ,at !  

beg9n+ ( ?is %ort notice we spoke (     
sorr[ & a s5se ( loss z feel+s natural 9
 ^? int]e/$ 9 ! great works und]tak5 by 
su* labor]s z ,mons4 de ,ram & ,madame  
,b>at on ! occasion ( _! removal f !    
sc5e ( action4 ,we ne$ h>dly d m ?an    
allude to ! o!r feel+s :i* mu/ at ! same
 "t bl5d ) & qualify ^!2 to ! joy &     
exultation t mu/ always hail ! close ( a
 noble c>e] long p]sev]$ 91 f ! ?\ght ( 
! re/ & ! cr[n t h be5 s fai?fully won2 
& to ! confid5ce t ! works :i* ^? :o h  
be5 remov$ f u h be5 all[$1 :ile 9 !    
fle%1 s happily to f\nd1 promote1 &     
guide1 w c]ta9ly n suff] by ! ,provid5ce
 t has n[1 z we tru/1 plac$ !m :]e !y   
are enabl$ to see1 )\t any int]v5+ %ad[1
 ! value ( ! great end = :i* ^! works 7 
und]tak51 & :]e _! p[] to help !m on is 
to be measur$1 n by ! feeble & incon/ant
 en]gies ( a w /ill subject to failure &
 p]v]sion1 b by ! mighty int5sity ( !   
int]cession ( ^? :o are at re/ ) ,god4  
------  ,,miscellany4  ,mont ,c5is      
,railway4--,p5d+ ! completion ( ! great 

,mont ,c5is tunnel1 a tempor>y railway  
on incl9$ planes is to be c>ri$ along ! 
pres5t road ov] ! m\nta94 ,! ,fr5*      
,gov]nm5t1 on its portion ( ! l9e1 w use
 locomotives ) a peculi> me*anism1 to   
produce adhesion1 on a middle rail plac$
 betwe5 ! two ord9>y rails4 ,on !       
,italian side a traction c>riage w be   
employ$1 :i* w w9d ! c>riages up by     
means ( a drum act+ on a heavy fix$     
cable laid along ! l9e4 ,! me*anism ( ! 
traction wagon w be put 9 motion by an  
endless wire rope actuat$ by wat]-:eels 
at ! base ( ! incl9e4    ,homes )\t     
,h&s4--,a new book by ,mr4 ,woods1 ) !  
above title1 gives an acc\nt ( !        
habitations1 :i* are nev] m>r$ by       
incompet5ce or improv$ by practice1     
con/ruct$ by v>i\s animals1 class$      
accord+ to _! pr9ciples ( con/ruction1 &
 illu/rat$ by "s excell5t engrav+s1 f   
draw+s made expressly = ! "w4 ,! au?or  
fir/ describes ! homes ( ! burr[+       
mammalia1 & !n proce$s to ^? ( ! social 
birds & insects4 ,! mole appe>s to take 

! fir/ place 9 ,mr4 ,wood's li/ (       
mammalia4 ,?is extraord9>y animal does n
 m]ely dig tunnels 9 ! gr\nd & sit at ! 
end ( !m1 b =ms a complicat$ subt]ranean
 dwell+-place1 ) *amb]s1 passages1 & o!r
 arrangem5ts ( wond]ful complet5ess4 ,x 
has regul> roads lead+ to its fe$+      
gr\nds2 e/abli%es a sy/em (             
communication z elaborate z t ( a mod]n 
railway1 or1 to be m correct1 z t ( !   
subt]ranean network ( metropolitan      
sew]s4 4 4 4 ,h[ x manages to =m its    
burr[s 9 su* admirably /raight l9es is n
 an easy problem1 because x is always 9 
#hei black d>kness1 & we "k ( no?+ :i* c
 act z a guide to ! animal4 ,! real     
abode ( ! mole is mo/ extraord9>y4 ,!   
c5tral ap>tm5t is a ne>ly sph]ical      
*amb]1 ! ro( ( :i* is ne>ly on a level )
 ! e>? ar\nd ! hill2 &1 !re=e1 situat$  
at a consid]able dep? f ! apex ( ! heap4
 ,ar\nd ?is heap are driv5 two circul>  
passages1 or gall]ies1 "o j level ) !   
ceil+1 & ! o!r at "s height above4 ,!   
upp] circle is mu* small] ?an ! l[]4    

,five %ort desc5d+ passages connect !   
gall]ies ) ea* o!r1 b ! only entrance   
into ! keep is f ! upp] gall]y1 out (   
:i* ?ree passages lead into ! ceil+ ( ! 
keep4 ,!re=e1 :5 ! mole ent]s ! h\se f  
"o ( 8 tunnels1 he has fir/ to get into 
! l[] gall]y1 to asc5d !nce to ! upp]   
gall]y1 & s desc5d into ! keep4 ,! mole 
appe>s unequall$ 9 f]ocity1 activity1 & 
voracity4 ,! fox pref]s to avoid ! labor
 ( burr[+1 & avails itself ( ! des]t$   
home ( ! badg]1 or ev5 ! rabbit2 =1 ?\gh
 x ne$s a l>g] tunnel ?an ! latt]1 !    
cunn+ animal f9ds its labor consid]ably 
decreas$ by only hav+ to enl>ge a       
ready-made burr[ in/ead ( driv+ a       
passage ?r\gh solid e>?4  ,( ! weasel   
tribe1 ! badg] is ! mo/ p[]ful &        
indu/ri\s excavator2 !re are sev]al     
*amb]s 9 its domicile1 "o ( :i* is      
appropriat$ z a nurs]y1 & is w>mly padd$
 ) dry mosses & grass4 ,! rabbit1 l !   
eid] duck1 l9es h] nurs]y ) ! s(t fur f 
h] own brea/2 b ,mr4 ,wood deprecates   
?is be+ set =? z an act (               

self-sacrifice1 & held up z an example (
 su* to human be+s1 & decl>es x to be z 
purely in/9ctive z ! act ( lay+ eggs4   
,! ,weal? ( ,mexico4--,m4 ,laur1 !      
eng9e] deput$ by ! ,fr5* gov]nm5t to    
explore ! m9]al weal? ( ,mexico1 & :o   
has already publi%$ sev]al reports 9 !  
,moniteur1 has complet$ 8 task4 ,^!     
reports1 accord+ to a p>agraph 9 !      
,moniteur ,belge1 are %ortly to be      
publi%$ 9 a m ext5d$ =m1 giv+ ! exact   
situation1 ext5t1 & ri*ness ( ! pr9cipal
 m9]al ve9s ( t c\ntry4 ,x is hop$ t "u 
! new adm9i/ration _m ( ! old work+s1   
ab&on$ dur+ ! civil w>s1 w be resum$1 & 
t !y w prove z valuable to ! empire z !y
 7 dur+ ! e>ly days ( ! ,spani%         
occupation4  ------  ,,new              
,,publications4   ,,die ,,heilige       
,,elizabe?4 ,e9 ,bu* fu] ,*ri/51 von    
,alb5 ,/olz4 ,freiburg im ,breisgau4    
#ahfe4 #hvo1 pp4 #cae4  ,! ,life ( ,sa9t
 ,elizabe? ( ,hung>y4 ,a book =         
,*ri/ians1 by ,alb5 ,/olz4  ,! au?or (  
?is new life ( ,sa9t ,elizabe? is "o ( !

 popul> ,ca?olic writ]s ( ,g]many1 if n 
! =emo/4 ,he is ! ,abraham ( ,sancta    
,cl>a ( ?is c5tury4  ,! pr9cipal ev5ts (
 ! sa9t's life are n>rat$ 9 simple &    
famili> language4 ,! po9t treat$ ( 9 ea*
 *apt] is conclud$ ) a practical        
in/ruction4 ,^! are f> f be+ dry4 ,we   
w\ld sugge/ ! translation ( ?is book    
into ,engli%1 7 x n t x is1 l all ?is   
au?or writes1 ?or\ghly ,g]man1 &        
exclusively adapt$ to ! circum/ances &  
difficulties ( ! ,ca?olics ( ,g]many4   
,:at our ,ca?olic ,engli% read+ public  
ne$s1 is t "s ( our writ]s %\ld take a  
lesson f ?is agreeable z well z edify+  
writ]1 & d = !m :at he is do+ ) s mu*   
zeal = ! good ( 8 c\ntrym54   ,,william 
,,%akespe>e4 ,by ,8 ,em95ce ,c>d9al     
,wiseman4 #cbmo1 pp4 #fd4 ,bo/on3       
,patrick ,donahoe4  ,?is is an ,am]ican 
edition ( ! lecture ( ! late ,c>d9al    
,wiseman on ,william ,%akespe>e1 :i*    
appe>$ 9 ,,! ,,ca?olic ,,_w = ,july4 ,x 
conta9s1 9 addition to ! lecture1 an    
app5dix1 9 :i* ! em95t au?or makes      

sugge/ions =1 & obs]vations on1 a       
t]c5t5>y memorial ( ,%akespe>e4 #hfj ,! 
c>d9al sugge/$ a spl5did edition ( !    
great poet's works1 illu/rat$1 & pr9t$ 9
 ! be/ & mo/ elaborate /yle possible4 ,8
 em95ce w5t into ! mo/ m9ute details 9  
reg>d to ! mann] 9 :i* su* an edition   
%\ld be illu/rat$1 pr9t$1 b\nd1 etc4 ,! 
b9d+ & pap] ( ?is little volume are     
excell5t2 b ! type f :i* x is pr9t$ is  
too small4 ,we are sorry ,mr4 ,donahoe  
did n get x out 9 l>g] type4 ,7 x n =   
?is slight defect1 ! book w\ld be       
faultless4   ,,national ,,lyrics4 ,by   
,john ,gre5leaf ,:itti]4 ,illu/rat$4    
#cbmo1 pp4 #ajd4 ,bo/on3 ,ticknor       
,fields4  ,?is is ano!r ( ! *eap volumes
 ( poetry issu$ by ,ticknor  ,fields4 ,x
 conta9s sev]al ( ,mr4 ,:itti]'s e>li]  
pieces1 z well z _m ( 8 late poems4     
,among ! latt] are ,b>b>a ,friet*ie1 &  
,! ,poor ,vot] on ,election ,day4       
,,sybil3 ,a ,trag$y1 9 ,five ,acts4 ,by 
,john ,savage4 #abmo1 pp4 #aje4 ,new    
,york3 ,j4 ,b4 ,kirk]4  ,?is trag$y 0   

writt5 by ,mr4 ,savage--well kn[n 9 !   
lit]>y _w z ! au?or ( sev]al excell5t   
poems1 & n[ editor ( ! ,new ,orleans    
,times--"s ye>s ago1 & met ) a good     
reception 9 ! cities 9 :i* x 0 play$4 ,x
 conta9s _m good passages ( high        
poetical m]it1 & is1 we %\ld ?9k1 well  
adapt$ = ! /age4 ,! sc5e is laid 9      
,k5tucky1 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! pres5t c5tury1 
& describes society z x is suppos$ to h 
exi/$ at t "t4   ,a ,,g5]al ,,hi/ory ,,(
 ,,! ,,ca?olic ,,*ur*1 ,,f ,,!          
,,comm5cem5t ,,( ,,! ,,*ri/ian ,,era    
,,until ,,! ,,pres5t ,,"t4 ,by ,m4      
l',abbe ,j4 ,e4 ,d>ras4 ,) an           
,introduction & ,notes4 ,by ! ,mo/ ,rev4
 ,m4 ,j4 ,spald+1 ,d4,d41 ,ar*bi%op (   
,baltimore4 ,new ,york3 ,p4 ,o',%ea4    
,we h receiv$ numb]s #i1 #aj1 #aa1 & #ab
 ( ?is excell5t hi/ory4 ,numb] #ab br+s 
! "w d[n to ! pontificate ( ,sixtus     
,,iii41 #dcb4   ,,! ,,m>tyr',s          
,,monum5t4 ,be+ ! patriotism & political
 wisdom ( ,abraham ,l9coln1 z exhibit$ 9
 8 spee*es1 messages1 ord]s1 &          

proclamations f ! presid5tial canvass ( 
#ahfj until 8 assass9ation1 ,april #ad1 
#ahfe4 #abmo1 pp4 #big4 ,new ,york3 ,!  
,am]ican ,news ,company4  ,! title ( ?is
 h&some volume suffici5tly expla9s its  
purpose4 ,! orig9 ( ! "w is set =? 9 !  
foll[+ extract f ! preface3  ,a few days
 aft] ! assass9ation ( ,presid5t        
,l9coln1 ! publi%]s ( ! pres5t volume   
receiv$ ! foll[+ lett] f ! di/+ui%$     
g5tleman ^: "n x be>s3    ,g5tlem53     
,collect & publi%1 9 ! spe$ie/ possible 
mann]1   ! inaugural & o!r addresses (  
,abraham ,l9coln1 8   proclamations1    
messages1 & public lett]s1 inde$1 all he
 has   writt5 z ,presid5t1 & y w        
contribute to ! m\rnful   celebrations (
 ! ,am]ican p y\r %>e ( la/+ value1 &   
( f> m impressive eloqu5ce ?an ! mo/    
f]v5t orator c\ld   utt]4 ,y w\ld ?us   
make ! m>tyr re> 8 own monum5t1 :i*   no
 ye>s1 no c5turies1 c\ld level & cause  
to m+le aga9 )   ! du/4     ,y\r ob$i5t1
     ,,francis ,,lieb]4     ,,new       
,,york1 ,april #ah1 #ahfe4  ,?is book is

 got out 9 elegant /yle1 & w be valuable
 h]eaft] on acc\nt ( ! _m docum5ts x    
conta9s :i* relate to ! late civil w>4  
,receiv$3 ,,pa/oral ,,lett] ,,( ,,!     
,,rt4 ,,rev4 ,m4 ,,dom5ec1 ,d4,d41      
,,bi%op ,,( ,,pittsburg ,,to ,,! ,,cl]gy
 ,,& ,,laity ,,( ,,! ,,diocese1         
,,promulgat+ ,,! ,,jubilee3 toge!r ) !  
late ,encyclical ( ! ,holy ,fa!r4       
,publi%$ at ! (fice ( ! ,pittsburg      
,ca?olic4   ,,! ,,/ory ,,( ,,! ,,great  
,,m>*1 ,,f ,,! ,,di>y ,,( ,a ,,/aff     
,,(fic]4 ,by ,brevet-major ,george ,w>d 
,ni*ols1 aid-de-camp to ,g5]al ,%]man4  
,new ,york3 ,h>p]  ,bro!rs4