,,texas ,,agricultural ,,experiment ,,stations4 ,,bulletin ,,no4 #ajb4 ,,january #aijh -------------------------- ,,department ,,of ,,entomology4 ,college ,station1 ,texas4 ,photograph3 ,honey ,bee on ,horse-mint ,honey ,bee on ,horse-mint ,,texas ,,honey ,,plants4 ,c4 ,e4 ,sanborn1 ,u4 ,s4 ,cooperative ,entomologist and ,acting ,state ,entomologist4 ,e4 ,e4 ,scholl1 ,assistant ,state ,entomologist and ,apiarist4 -------------------------- ,postoffice1 ,,college ,,station1 ,,brazos ,,county1 ,,texas4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,texas ,,agricultural ,,experiment ,,stations -------------------------- ,,officers4 -------------------------- ,,governing ,,board4 7,board of ,directors ,a4 ,m4 ,college47 ,k4 ,k4 ,,leggett1 ,president ,abilene ,t4 ,d4 ,,rowell1 ,vice ,president ,jefferson ,a4 ,,haidusek ,la ,grange ,j4 ,m4 ,,green ,yoakum ,,walton ,,peteet ,dallas ,r4 ,t4 ,,milner ,austin ,l4 ,l4 ,mc,i,n,n,i,s ,bryan ,w4 ,b4 ,,sebastian ,breckenridge ,,station ,,officers4 ,h4 ,h4 ,,harrington ,,ll4 ,d41 ,president of the ,college and ,director ,j4 ,w4 ,,carson ,assistant to ,director and ,state ,feed ,inspector ,w4 ,g4 ,,welborn ,vice ,director and ,agriculturist ,m4 ,,francis ,veterinarian ,e4 ,j4 ,,kyle ,horticulturist ,,john ,c4 ,,burns ,animal ,husbandry ,r4 ,l4 ,,bennett ,cotton ,specialist ,o4 ,m4 ,,ball ,botanist ,g4 ,s4 ,,fraps ,chemist ,c4 ,e4 ,,sanborn ,co-,operative ,entomologist ,n4 ,c4 ,,hamner ,assistant ,chemist ,e4 ,c4 ,,carlyle ,assistant ,chemist ,l4 ,mc,l,e,n,n,a,n ,deputy ,feed ,inspector ,a4 ,t4 ,,potts ,deputy ,feed ,inspector ,j4 ,h4 ,,rodgers ,deputy ,peed ,inspector ,h4 ,e4 ,,hanna ,deputy ,feed ,inspector ,c4 ,w4 ,,crisler ,chief ,clerk ,w4 ,l4 ,,boyett ,clerk ,feed ,control ,f4 ,r4 ,navaille ,stenographer ,a4 ,s4 ,ware ,stenographer ,,state ,,sub-,,stations4 ,w4 ,s4 ,,hotchkiss1 ,superintendent ,troupe1 ,smith ,county ,s4 ,a4 ,,waschka1 ,superintendent ,beeville1 ,bee ,county ,,note--,the main station is located on the grounds of the ,agricultural and ,mechanical ,college1 in ,brazos ,county4 ,the postoffice address is ,college ,station1 ,texas4 ,reports and bulletins are sent free upon application to the ,director4 ,,preface4 ,this preliminary bulletin on ,texas ,honey ,plants represents work of the ,department of ,entomology dating through the office tenures of ,professors ,mally1 ,newell1 ,sanderson and ,conradi4 ,they each have authorized and aided in the collection of the flora and data contained in this publication4 ,to ,mr4 ,louis ,h4 ,scholl1 of ,new ,braunfels1 ,texas1 ,assistant and ,apiarist from #aijb until #aijf1 the ,department is directly indebted for the material contained herein1 except as is otherwise designated4 ,mr4 ,ernest ,scholl1 now ,assistant and ,apiarist1 has furnished material as shown herein4 ,he is now working on a continuation of the subject4 ,mr4 ,d4 ,c4 ,milam1 of ,uvalde1 formerly ,foul ,brood ,inspector1 has also contributed1 as is shown4 ,the main body of the work1 however1 has been accomplished through the services of ,mr4 ,louis ,h4 ,scholl1 and much credit is due him1 since he has done more in this ,department1 and perhaps more than any other person in helping to build up the ,bee ,industry of ,texas4 ,his data are followed by this mark 99 ,,introduction4 ,this publication treats of many of the ,texas honey plants in a brief technical manner4 ,in addition1 wherever possible1 the common name is used in connection with the description4 ,the sequence followed by ,coulter in his ,botany of ,south ,west ,texas is herein mainly followed4 ,in some instances quotations from ,small's ,botany of ,texas were used1 as is shown in the publication4 ,the plants are discussed by families4 ,not only is the honey producing qualities of the plants mentioned1 but frequent mention is also made of the respective quality and yield of pollen and propolis4 ,data are included in many instances concerning the weather conditions and its effects upon the yield of certain plants4 ,it is hoped that this will be a great help to apiarists in selecting locations for bees1 since the value of bees depends entirely on the environment under which they may be placed4 ,again it may help in selecting certain plants to be planted that might prove to be very beneficial to an established apiary4 ,the geographical distribution is given in a general brief way1 so that one is less apt to be confused concerning the abundance in nature of certain plants4 ,in this connection it must be remembered1 however1 that on account of extended cultivation in ,texas1 some of the common wild plants are becoming less numerous than formerly1 while cultivated varieties are becoming more common4 ,two indices are contained in this bulletin4 ,the first contains all the common or vernacular names1 and the second contains the latin or technical names4 ,the latter is complete1 since some plants are known only by the technical appellation4 9999999999 ,,triple-,,leafed ,,barberry4 ,berberis trifoliata ,moric4 ,barberry family4 ,berberideae4 ,on gravelly slopes and foothills from the ,gulf coast to the ,limpia mountains4 7,coulter74 ,hunter1 gravelly hills2 honey yield abundant1 also pollen2 fine for early brood rearing4 ,january and ,february499 ,,prickly ,,poppy4 ,argemone platyceras 7,link4 and ,otto47 ,poppy family4 ,papaveraceae4 ,abundant in valleys and along dry hillsides4 7,coulter74 ,roadsides1 waste fields and prairies4 ,honey yield unimportant1 but abundance of pollen during the dearth of summer4 ,may and ,july499 ,this plant is abundant along the ,brazos valley4 ,bees work heavily on it in ,june1 carrying heavy loads of pollen1 which they store in nearly every comb1 thus making it disagreeable in the honey combs sometimes4 7,e4 ,scholl74 ,,poppy4 ,papaver rhoeas ,l4 ,poppy family4 ,papaveraceae4 ,cultivated in flower gardens4 ,honey yield not important and plants few4 ,may499 ,,peppergrass4 ,,pepperwort4 ,lepidium ,virginicum ,l4 ,mustard family4 ,cruciferae4 ,in all situations1 ,quebec to ,minnesota1 ,kansas1 ,florida1 ,texas and ,mexico4 ,naturalized in ,europe4 7,small74 ,found in all kinds of places2 honey yield not important2 some pollen4 ,june to ,august499 ,,greggia4 ,greggia camporum ,gray4 ,mustard family4 ,cruciferae4 ,mountains of ,western ,texas4 7,coulter74 ,honey yield early but not abundant2 also pollen helps early brood rearing4 ,hunter2 waste fields and fertile prairies4 ,honey yield early1 but not abundant2 also pollen2 helps early brood rearing4 ,february499 ,,common ,,turnip4 ,brassica rapa ,l4 ,mustard family4 ,cruciferae4 ,cultivated and sometimes escaped2 bees work on the blossoms1 honey and pollen4 ,june and ,july499 ,,black ,,mustard4 ,brassica nigra ,koch4 ,mustard family4 ,cruciferae4 ,cultivated and escaped2 bees sometimes busy on it4 ,june and ,july499 ,,mignonette4 ,reseda odorata ,l4 ,mignonette family4 ,resedaceae4 ,college3 cultivated on ,apiary ,experimental plats4 ,honey yield good2 plants not plentiful enough for surplus4 ,june and ,july499 ,,portulaca4 ,portulaca grandiflora ,hook4 ,purslane family4 ,portulaceae4 ,cultivated in ornamental flower beds4 ,honey yield good as it comes during time when few others in bloom2 also abundance of highly colored pollen1 red1 orange and yellows4 ,june until frost499 ,,salt ,,cedar4 ,tamarix gallica ,l4 ,tamarisc family4 ,tamariscineae4 ,a common ,european ,mediterranean shrub which seems to have escaped in many places in ,texas4 7,coulter74 ,on roadsides1 in thickets and waste places2 warmer parts of ,southern ,united ,states1 naturalized from ,southern ,europe4 7,small74 ,college ,station2 cultivated ornamental shrub bees worked well on it1 but number of trees scarce4 ,may and ,june499 ,,fringed ,,poppy ,,mallow4 ,callirrhoe digitata ,nutt4 ,mallow family4 ,malvaceae4 ,common on prairies and in valleys4 7,coulter74 ,hunter2 prairies and lowlands4 ,honey yield not important2 some pollen4 ,may and ,june4 ,a good pollen yielder during ,may at ,college ,station499 ,,spanish ,,apple4 ,malvaviscus drummondii4 ,torr ,gray4 ,mallow family4 ,malvaceae4 ,from ,rio ,grande to the ,colorado and ,northeastward4 7,coulter74 ,in lowlands and along streams4 ,june and ,july499 ,plentiful along ,comal and ,guadalupe rivers1 ,new ,braunfels1 ,texas4 ,not important4 7,e4 ,scholl74 ,,rose ,,of ,,sharon4 ,,shrubby ,,althaea4 ,hibiscus ,syriacus ,l4 ,mallow family4 ,malvaceae4 ,in various situations ,new ,jersey and ,pennsylvania to ,florida and ,texas4 7,small74 ,cultivated ornamental1 in gardens and parks2 honey yield not important and plants few1 but bees work busily on it2 honey and pollen4 ,may to ,sept499 ,,spring ,,sida4 ,sida spinosa ,l4 ,mallow family4 ,malvaceae4 ,in cultivated grounds1 waste places on roadsides1 ,new ,york to ,iowa1 ,florida and ,texas4 ,widely distributed in the tropics4 7,small74 ,waste places1 fields and along roads2 some honey and pollen2 not important4 ,june to ,august499 ,,narrow-,,leafed ,,sida4 ,sida angustifolia ,lam4 ,mallow family4 ,malvaceae4 ,in dry soil ,texas to ,arizona2 also in ,mexico and tropical ,america4 7,small74 ,in dry soils2 bees found upon it2 yields pollen4 ,june to ,august499 ,,cotton4 ,gossypium herbaceum ,l4 ,mallow family4 ,malvaceae4 ,cultivated staple crop in the fields for fibre4 ,honey yield good1 steady flow till frost1 honey white and of good quality4 ,main source throughout cotton belt4 ,nectar glands on ribs of leaves and on bracts of buds1 blooms and bolls4 ,june to frost499 ,,japanese ,,varnish ,,tree4 ,firmiana platinifolia 7,l47 ,r4 ,br4 ,chocolate family4 ,buettneriaceae4 ,,hbk4 ,college ,station3 ,cultivated ornamental tree on campus2 honey yield very heavy but of short duration some seasons longer4 ,may and ,june499 ,,basswood4 ,,american ,,linden4 ,tilia ,americana ,l4 ,linden family4 ,tiliaceae4 ,a large and handsome tree of the ,atlantic ,states1 extending in ,texas to the ,valley of the ,san ,antonio ,river4 7,coulter74 ,on forests of ,eastern ,texas1 yields large quantities of excellent honey4 ,may and ,june499 ,,large-,,flowered ,,caltrop4 ,tribulus cistoides ,l4 ,bean-caper family4 ,zygophylleae4 ,hunter3 in fields and waste lands2 honey yield good until noon when flowers close2 also much pollen4 ,april1 ,august499 ,,greater ,,caltrop4 ,kallstroemia maxima 7,l7 ,t4 ,g4 ,bean-caper family4 ,zygophylleae4 ,tribulus maxima4 7,coulter74 ,common in dry soil throughout ,southern and ,western ,texas4 7,coulter74 ,hunter3 in fields and waste lands4 ,honey yield good in morning1 blossoms closing by noon except in cool weather2 good as it comes in the dearth of summer2 also abundance of pollen4 ,april to ,august499 ,,yellow ,,wood ,,sorrel4 ,oxalis stricta ,l4 ,geranium family4 ,geraniaceae4 ,eastern and ,southern ,texas4 7,coulter74 ,waste soils and open woodlands2 not plentiful for bee forage4 ,may1 ,august499 ,,tooth-,,ache ,,tree4 ,,prickly ,,ash4 ,,sea ,,ash4 ,,pepperwood4 ,xanthoxylum clava-,herculis ,l4 ,rue family4 ,rutaceae4 ,colorado to ,rio ,grande4 7,coulter74 ,along or near the coast1 ,virginia to ,florida1 ,arkansas and ,texas4 7,small74 ,hunter3 woodland prairies2 honey yield good2 bees work busily on it4 ,april1 ,june499 ,,hop ,,tree4 ,ptelea trifoliata ,l4 ,rue family4 ,rutaceae4 ,throughout ,southern and ,western ,texas4 7,coulter74 ,in woodlands and along rivers and creeks4 ,honey yield good2 very good in favorable seasons where abundant4 ,may and ,july499 ,,hardy ,,orange4 ,citrus trifoliata ,l4 ,rue family4 ,rutaceae4 ,college3 planted for hedges1 scarce2 honey yield fair for early brood4 ,bees worked on it abundantly4 ,march499 ,,tree ,,of ,,heaven4 ,ailanthus glandulosus ,desf4 ,quassia family4 ,simarubaceae4 ,in waste places and along streams1 more or less extensively naturalized in the ,united ,states and ,southern ,british ,america4 ,native of ,china4 7,small74 ,hunter3 cultivated for shade and escaped4 ,honey yield fair in good seasons1 pollen2 also nectar glands on leaf blades4 ,april499 ,,umbrella ,,china ,,tree4 ,melia azedarach ,l4 ,melia family4 ,meliaceae4 ,a favorite shade tree and extensively naturalized in ,central and ,southern ,texas4 7,coulter74 ,cultivated ornamental shade tree and escaped4 ,honey yield helps early brood rearing4 ,february1 ,march499 ,,possum ,,haw4 ,,bear ,,berry4 ,ilex decidua ,walt4 ,holly family4 ,ilicineae4 ,a species of ,southern ,states and extending in ,texas to the ,valley of the ,san ,antonio4 7,coulter74 ,college2 along lowlands1 creeks and streams4 ,honey yield good but short2 in warm spring early and valuable for early brood4 ,march1 ,may499 ,,youpon4 ,ilex ,caroliniana ,trelease4 ,holly family4 ,ilicineae4 ,a species of the ,gulf ,states and extending into ,texas4 ,limit uncertain4 7,coulter74 ,hunter3 low woodland thickets2 not important4 ,march1 ,april499 ,,brasil ,,wood4 ,,logwood4 ,condalia obovata ,hook4 ,buckthorn family4 ,rhamneae4 ,from the ,guadalupe to the ,rio ,grande and west of ,new ,mexico4 7,coulter74 ,hunter3 in woodlands1 dry soils2 honey yield not very important but comes well in dearth of summer4 ,july1 ,august499 ,abundant along ,carter's ,creek4 ,honey yield good during ,may4 7,e4 ,scholl74 ,,rattan ,,vine4 ,berchemia scandens ,trelease4 ,buckthorn family4 ,rhamneae4 ,a species of the ,southern ,states extending into ,texas where its western limit is uncertain4 7,coulter74 ,along ravines and low woodlands2 honey yield good1 giving surplus in favorable years but dark amber colored1 used in manufacturing-houses4 ,april499 ,,columbrina ,,texensis4 ,gray4 ,buckthorn family4 ,rhamneae4 ,from the ,colorado to the ,rio ,grande westward to ,new ,mexico4 7,coulter74 ,floresville1 slopes1 adobe hills4 ,honey yield good but not enough for surplus4 ,also some pollen4 ,april499 ,,cultivated ,,wine ,,grapes4 ,vitis 787 7,varieties74 ,vine family4 ,ampelidaceae4 ,cultivated in orchards2 good for pollen4 ,april1 ,may499 ,,mountain ,,grape4 ,vitis monticola ,buckley4 ,vine family4 ,ampelidaceae4 ,peculiar to the hilly limestone regions of ,western ,texas1 not extending to the low country nor to the granite mountains4 7,coulter47 ,hunter3 in woods and forests2 honey yield fairly good and pollen valuable for brood rearing4 ,march499 ,,cow ,,itch4 ,cissus incisa ,desmoul4 ,vine family4 ,ampelidaceae4 ,in shady places from the ,colorado to the ,rio ,grande and westward4 ,an ornamental vine known as ,yerba del buey4 7,coulter74 ,hunter3 along fences and edge of thickets2 honey yield keeps bees out of mischief during dearth4 ,surplus where plentiful4 ,april1 to ,august499 ,,soapberry4 ,,wild ,,china4 ,sapindus marginatus ,willd4 ,soapberry family4 ,sapindaceae4 ,common along creeks throughout ,texas from ,louisiana to ,new ,mexico and ,mexico4 ,smaller west of the ,colorado river4 7,coulter74 ,along rivers and creeks and sometimes along uplands2 honey yield good1 heavy flow in favorable seasons gives surplus4 ,june499 ,evergreen shrub1 blooms in ,april2 yields quantities of honey and pollen where enough bushes4 7,milam1 ,uvalde74 ,,common ,,balloon ,,vine4 ,cardiospermum ,halicacabum ,l4 ,soapberry family4 ,sapindaceae4 ,guadalupe to ,rio ,grande4 7,coulter74 ,in thickets and waste places ,new ,jersey1 ,missouri1 ,florida1 ,texas and tropical ,america2 summer and fall4 7,small74 ,hunter3 in creek bottoms2 honey yield fair but plants not abundant4 ,april1 ,july499 ,,mexican ,,buckeye4 ,ungnadia speciosa ,endl4 ,soapberry family4 ,sapindaceae4 ,common along rocky valleys and in the mountains from the ,valley of the ,trinity through ,western ,texas to ,new ,mexico4 7,coulter74 ,hunter3 mountainous woodlands4 ,honey yield good in dearth but not plentiful4 ,july4 ,,dwarf ,,sumach4 ,rhus copallina ,l4 ,sumach family4 ,anacardiaceae4 ,a sumach of the ,atlantic ,states extending through ,eastern and ,southern ,texas to the ,rio ,grande4 7,coulter74 ,hunter3 small shrubby tree rocky hillsides and woodland prairies4 ,honey yield good giving surplus in favorable seasons depending upon rains4 ,reported as a honey plant in most of the beekeepers reports received4 ,august499 ,,green ,,sumach4 ,rhus virens ,lindh4 ,sumach family4 ,anacardiaceae4 ,from the ,colorado to the ,rio ,grande and westward4 7,coulter74 ,in stony1 hilly woodlands4 ,bees are some seasons busy on it4 ,october499 ,,blue ,,lupine4 ,,bluebonnet4 ,lupinus subcarnosus ,hook4 ,pulse family4 ,leguminosae4 ,common lupine of ,southern and ,western ,texas1 'covering fertile slopes with a carpet of purple blue4' 7,harvard71 as early as ,march4 7,coulter74 ,hunter3 places in open woodlands4 ,honey yield good2 also pollen of very bright and orange colors4 ,march1 ,april499 ,,alfalfa ,,or ,,lucerne4 ,medicago sativa ,l4 ,pulse family4 ,leguminosae4 ,an extensively cultivated forage plant which has long been an introduced plant in ,southern and ,western ,texas4 7,coulter74 ,cultivated for hay crops2 honey yield fair2 early summer and fall2 better in irrigated regions4 ,may1 ,august499 ,large number of bees were seen on it at ,new ,braunfels1 ,texas4 ,june #aith1 #aijg4 ,a good thing in ,north ,texas4 7,e4 ,scholl74 ,,medick4 ,,burr ,,clover4 ,medicago denticulata ,willd4 ,pulse family4 ,leguminosae4 ,naturalized in ,western ,texas4 7,coulter74 ,college3 abundant on campus lawns4 ,honey yield sparingly in summer1 not important4 ,february to ,may499 ,,sweet ,,clover4 ,melilotus alba ,desv4 ,pulse family4 ,leguminosae4 ,distribution not definite4 ,cultivated and along fence rows2 honey yield good and of fine quality2 scarce and should be cultivated for honey4 ,may to ,october499 ,an important honey plant in ,north ,texas4 7,e4 ,scholl74 ,,yellow ,,sweet ,,clover4 ,melilotus officinalis 7,l7 ,lam4 ,pulse family4 ,leguminosae4 ,colorado along roadsides1 escaped4 ,honey yield good2 claimed to be superior to and earlier than ,m4 alba by beemen4 ,should be cultivated on the poor soils of ,texas4 ,april to ,september499 ,,red ,,clover4 ,trifolium pratense ,l4 ,pulse family4 ,leguminosae4 ,college ,station3 cultivated on experimental plats4 ,blooms in summer2 not important1 not much grown and deep corollas4 ,june499 ,,white ,,clover4 ,trifolium repens ,l4 ,pulse family4 ,leguminosae4 ,may be found wild in ,texas4 7,coulter74 ,along roadsides and on lawns4 ,cultivated at ,college1 but did not grow as conditions were too dry4 ,honey yield good and one of main sources in ,states north of ,texas4 ,june1 ,july499 ,,eysenhardtia4 ,eysenhardtia amorphoides4 ,h ,b ,k4 ,pulse family4 ,leguminosae4 ,throughout ,southern and ,western ,texas1 ,south of the ,colorado4 7,coulter74 ,hunter3 on light soils and woodlands and known as ,rock ,brush by beemen4 ,honey yield abundant4 ,blooming after heavy rains4 ,honey fine quality4 ,march1 ,may499 ,,black ,,locust4 ,robinia ,pseudacacia ,l4 ,pulse family4 ,leguminosae4 ,native from ,pennsylvania to ,iowa1 ,georgia and ,indian ,territory4 ,also naturalized in the northeastern part of ,north ,america4 7,small74 ,college3 cultivated on campus2 honey yield good if no cold weather2 bees work on it abundantly4 ,march1 ,april499 ,,cassia4 ,daubentonia longifolia 7,cav47 ,,dc4 ,pulse family4 ,leguminosae4 ,low and damp places2 sandy soils2 bees on it frequently but apparently of little value4 ,july1 ,september499 ,,mexican ,,ground-,,plum4 ,astragalus ,mexicanus4 ,a4 ,,dc4 ,pulse family4 ,leguminosae4 ,prairies throughout ,texas4 7,coulter74 ,hunter3 in open prairies honey yield abundant when season is favorable2 drouth injures it4 ,june499 ,,cow ,,pea4 ,vigna 7sp47 ,pulse family4 ,leguminosae4 ,honey yield good2 fair quality1 light color4 ,cultivated for forage crops and for enriching soils4 ,june1 ,august499 ,,cow ,,pea4 ,vigna ,sinensis 7,l7 ,endl4 7,var4 874 ,pulse family4 ,leguminosae4 ,cultivated for forage crops and for enriching soils2 honey yield good2 fair quality1 light color4 ,june1 ,august499 ,,japanese ,,delchos4 ,dolichos lablab ,l4 ,pulse family4 ,leguminosae4 ,cultivated in ,apiary ,experimental plats2 no bees on it2 other plants in bloom4 ,june1 ,august499 ,,garden ,,pea4 ,pisum sativum ,l4 ,pulse family4 ,leguminosae4 ,hunter3 cultivated widely2 honey yield unimportant1 some pollen2 not visited much by bees4 ,march1 ,april499 ,,red ,,bud4 ,cercis occidentalis ,torr4 ,pulse family4 ,leguminosae4 ,far ,western and ,north ,mexican species extending into ,western ,texas4 7,coulter74 ,aids early brood rearing4 ,march499 ,,red ,,bud4 ,,judas ,,tree4 ,cercis ,canadensis ,l4 ,pulse family4 ,leguminosae4 ,in rich soil ,ontario to ,minnesota1 ,new ,jersey1 ,florida and ,texas4 7,small74 ,hunter3 in woodlands4 ,honey yield fair1 aiding in early brood rearing4 ,march1 ,april499 ,,retama4 ,parkinsonia aculeata ,l4 ,pulse family4 ,leguminosae4 ,throughout ,southern and ,western ,texas4 7,coulter74 ,in sandy soils and low swamps4 ,blooms spring and throughout summer2 bees work on it more or less all summer4 ,may1 ,sept499 ,,honey ,,locust4 ,gleditschia triacanthos ,l4 ,pulse family4 ,leguminosae4 ,an ,atlantic species extending at least to the ,valley of the ,brazos river and common in cultivation4 7,coulter74 ,college ,station3 ,along ravines and valleys2 very heavy honey yield but of short duration4 ,april499 ,,mezquit ,,tree4 ,,screw ,,bean4 ,prosopis juliflora ,,dc4 ,pulse family4 ,leguminosae4 ,the chief woody plant of the wooded table-lands and high valleys throughout southern and western ,texas1 often forming impenetrable thickets4 7,coulter7 ,hunter3 throughout the black land prairies2 honey yield abundant1 main source in ,state1 good light honey4 ,april1 and again in ,june499 ,neptunia lutea ,benth4 ,pulse family4 ,leguminosae4 ,in ,eastern and ,southern ,texas1 extending as far up the ,rio ,grande as ,eagle ,pass4 7,coulter74 ,college1 open prairies2 not plentiful1 bees rarely found on it2 some pollen4 ,may499 ,,sensitive ,,briar4 ,schrankia angustata ,torr4 and ,gray4 ,pulse family4 ,leguminosae4 ,found in ,texas as far as ,san ,diego and probably in the ,san ,antonio region4 7,coulter74 ,hunter3 open prairies2 honey yield not important2 plants scarce2 pollen4 ,april to ,september499 ,,huisache4 ,acacia ,farnesiana ,willd4 ,pulse family4 ,leguminosae4 ,from ,san ,antonio to the ,gulf ,coast and lower ,rio ,grande4 7,coulter74 ,very plentiful in richer soil of ,southwest ,texas2 honey yield good for stimulating early brood rearing2 also pollen4 ,february1 ,april499 ,,huajilli4 ,acacia ,berlandiera ,benth4 ,pulse family4 ,leguminosae4 ,from the ,nueces to the ,rio ,grande and west to ,devil's ,river4 ,common on the bluffs of the lower ,rio ,grande4 7,coulter74 ,on dry and rocky hills in solid masses generally4 ,honey yield very heavy and main surplus in ,southwest ,texas2 fine quality1 white2 considered the best honey in ,texas in quality4 ,april499 ,,paradise ,,flower4 ,,catsclaw4 ,,devils ,,claws4 ,acacia ,greggii ,gray4 ,pulse family4 ,leguminosae4 ,in dry or rocky soil1 ,texas1 ,new ,mexico4 7,small74 ,floresville3 ,all over ,southwest ,texas4 ,honey yield very abundant1 a main yielder of fine quality honey4 ,april499 ,,round-,,flowered ,,catsclaw4 ,acacia ,roemeriana ,schlecht4 ,pulse family4 ,leguminosae4 ,throughout ,texas south of the ,colorado and west to ,el ,paso4 7,coulter74 ,hunter3 in brushy woodlands2 honey yield is heavy1 of fine quality1 but plants not abundant4 ,april and ,may499 ,acacia amentacea ,,dc4 ,pulse family4 ,leguminosae4 ,from the ,guadalupe to the lower ,rio ,grande and west to the ,pecos4 7,coulter74 ,very plentiful throughout ,southwest ,texas1 on prairies4 ,honey yield of no importance4 ,bees gather pollen from it occasionally in early summer499 ,,plum4 ,prunus domestica ,l4 ,rose family4 ,rosaceae4 ,hunter3 in orchards and escaped4 ,honey yield good with fruit bloom4 ,helps to build up colonies of bees4 ,february499 ,,wild ,,plum4 ,prunus 7sp47 ,rose family4 ,rosaceae4 ,college ,station3 planted on campus4 ,honey yield good but of short duration4 ,march499 ,,peach4 ,amygdalus ,persica ,l4 ,rose family4 ,rosaceae4 ,in waste places and cultivated grounds throughout the ,united ,states4 7,small74 ,cultivated in orchards2 honey yield good2 with fruit bloom builds up colonies in spring4 ,january to ,april499 ,,bridal ,,wreath4 ,spiraea ,virginiana ,britt4 ,rose family4 ,rosaceae4 ,cultivated ornamental shrub4 ,honey yield unimportant2 bees sometimes busy on it4 ,march499 ,,dew-,,berry4 ,rubus trivialis ,michx4 ,rose family4 ,rosaceae4 ,a ,southern blackberry1 apparently common in ,eastern1 ,southern and ,western ,texas4 7,coulter74 ,common wild1 little cultivated2 bees on it busy2 honey and pollen4 ,february1 ,april499 ,,rose4 ,rosa ,tourn4 ,cultivated widely2 honey yield unimportant2 pollen gathered from it sometimes4 ,spring1 summer and fall499 ,,apple4 ,malus malus 7,l7 ,britt4 ,rose family4 ,rosaceae4 ,cultivated in orchards2 honey yield early2 helps in brood rearing2 good where abundant4 ,march1 ,april499 ,,pear4 ,pyrus communis ,l4 ,rose family4 ,rosaceae4 ,a much cultivated fruit tree1 important for early honey and pollen4 ,february1 ,march499 ,,hawthorn4 ,,white ,,thorn4 ,crataegus spathulata ,michx4 ,rose family4 ,rosaceae4 ,a species of the ,gulf ,states and extending to the lower ,colorado in ,texas4 7,coulter74 ,in woodlands and creeks2 good for honey and pollen4 ,april499 ,,hawthorn4 ,,white ,,thorn4 ,crataegus arborescens ,ell4 ,rose family4 ,rosaceae4 ,a species of the ,gulf ,states and extending to the lower ,colorado in ,texas4 7,coulter74 ,college ,station2 in woodlands and creek banks2 honey yield good1 bees found busily on it2 also pollen4 ,april499 ,,crepe ,,myrtle4 ,lagerstroemia ,indica ,l4 ,loose strife family4 ,lythraceae4 ,in waste places in and near gardens2 widely cultivated and sparingly naturalized from ,maryland1 ,florida and ,texas4 7,small74 ,cultivated ornamental on campus2 honey yield occasionally good and visited much by bees4 ,june1 ,october499 ,,jussiaea4 ,jussiaea repens ,l4 ,evening ,primrose family4 ,onagrarieae4 ,in streams from the ,san ,antonio northward and eastward4 7,coulter74 ,in water edge of rivers and lakes4 ,not affected by drouth2 it is important for bees during dearth4 ,june to ,september499 ,,jussiaea4 ,jussiaea diffusa ,forskl4 ,evening ,primrose family4 ,onagrarieae4 ,in and about ponds1 ,kentucky to ,kansas1 ,florida and ,texas1 also in tropical ,america and ,asia4 7,small7 ,in water edge of pasture tanks and pools4 ,honey yield good2 important as it is not affected by drouths but better after rains4 ,june1 ,august499 ,gaura filiformis ,small4 ,evening ,primrose family4 ,onagrarieae4 ,sandy soils and along creeks2 honey yield good2 sometimes yielding surplus in spurts when favorable season and rains prevail4 ,june1 ,october499 ,,musk ,,melon4 ,cucumis ,melo ,l4 ,gourd family4 ,cucurbitaceae4 ,hunter3 cultivated4 ,honey yield good2 abundant during dewy mornings4 ,also pollen4 ,early summer to fall4 ,important in melon growing sections1 ,south ,texas4 ,july and ,september499 ,,cucumber4 ,cucumis sativa4 ,gourd family4 ,cucurbitaceae4 ,cultivated2 honey yield very good2 short duration2 pollen2 but plants not abundant4 ,april1 ,july499 ,,watermelon4 ,citrullus ,citrullus 7,l7 ,small4 ,gourd family4 ,cucurbitaceae4 ,cultivated2 honey yield good2 abundant during dewy mornings1 also pollen2 from early summer to frosts in late autumn4 ,may to ,october499 ,successful in honey plant plot at ,college in #aije4 7,e4 ,scholl74 ,,wild ,,gourd4 ,cucurbita foetidissima ,,hbk4 ,gourd family4 ,cucurbitaceae4 ,abundant in the valleys of ,southern and ,western ,texas4 7,coulter74 ,hunter3 in a variety of places4 ,honey yield not important2 plants scattered and few1 good for pollen4 ,april1 ,july499 ,,common ,,pumpkin4 ,cucurbita pepo ,l4 ,gourd family4 ,cucurbitaceae4 ,cultivated3 not important for honey1 but much pollen4 ,may1 ,june499 ,,common ,,cactus ,,or ,,prickly ,,pear4 ,opuntia englemannii ,salm4 ,dyk4 ,cactus family4 ,cactaceae4 ,common throughout ,southern and ,western ,texas4 ,this seems to be common prickly pear of ,texas1 though all the flat-jointed opuntias bear that name4 ,the joints are commonly spoken of as leaves and form an important food for grazing of animals1 under the name of nopal4 ,the nopal leaf is also much used for poultices1 etc4 7,coulter74 ,hunter3 over entire ,southwestern ,texas2 ,honey yield abundant2 sometimes surplus2 honey of rank flavor when first stored4 ,may1 ,june499 ,,dogwood4 ,cornus asperifolia ,michx4 ,dogwood family4 ,cornaceae4 ,an ,eastern species extending to ,central ,texas where the variety ,drummondii is the common form4 7,coulter74 ,lowlands and along banks2 honey yield good and bees fairly roam over blossoms1 but species not plentiful4 ,march1 ,april499 ,,elder4 ,sambucus ,canadensis ,l4 ,honey suckle family4 ,caprifoliaceae4 ,moist grounds throughout ,texas4 7,coulter74 ,along rivers and wet places2 honey yield good but not plentiful4 ,april1 ,may499 ,,black ,,haw4 ,virburnum prunifolium ,l4 ,honey suckle family4 ,caprifoliaceae4 ,an ,atlantic species1 extending westward into ,texas as far as the valley of the ,guadalupe and probably the ,san ,antonio4 7,coulter74 ,hunter3 in woodlands and forests4 ,honey yield good1 early1 valuable for brood rearing4 ,march1 ,april499 ,,coral ,,berry4 ,,indian ,,currant4 ,symphoricarpos symphorlcarpos 7,l7 ,mac,m4 ,honey suckle family4 ,caprifoliaceae4 ,an ,atlantic species extending into ,texas4 ,near ,new ,braunfels4 7,lindheimer74 7,coulter74 ,in woodlands along rivers and rocky soil4 ,honey yield good and of long duration4 ,july1 ,september499 ,,bush ,,honeysuckle4 ,lonicera fragrantissima ,lindle4 ,honey suckle family4 ,caprifoliaceae4 ,shrubby vine2 cultivated species on campus2 honey yield extremely early1 valuable to stimulate bees if weather is favorable2 also pollen4 ,january499 ,,white-,,flowered ,,honeysuckle4 ,lonicera albiflora ,torn4 ,gray4 ,honey suckle family4 ,caprifoliaceae4 ,abundant throughout ,western ,texas and especially in the mountains west of the ,pecos4 7,coulter74 ,hunter3 cultivated for ornamental purposes4 ,honey yield good1 but few plants4 ,may1 ,july499 ,,houstonia4 ,houstonia angustifolia ,michx4 ,madder family4 ,rubiaceae4 ,throughout ,texas4 7,coulter74 ,college ,station3 on dry soils and prairies4 ,bees work on it well but plants not abundant4 ,may1 ,july499 ,,button ,,bush4 ,cephalanthus occidentalis ,l4 ,madder family4 ,rubiaceae4 ,swamps and along streams throughout ,texas4 7,coulter74 ,hunter3 along rivers and creeks4 ,bees work on it4 ,july499 ,,button ,,weed4 ,diodia teres ,walt4 ,madder family4 ,rubiaceae4 ,sandy soil1 low grounds of ,texas to mouth of ,rio ,grande4 7,coulter74 ,low sandy soils2 honey yield good and valuable as it comes during drouth4 ,no surplus4 ,july1 ,august499 ,,broomweed4 ,gutierrezia ,texana ,t4 ,g4 ,composite family4 ,compositae4 ,sterile plains throughout ,texas4 7,coulter74 ,in open prairies2 honey yield good in fall for winter stores2 dark amber and strong flavor4 ,september1 ,october499 ,,goldenrod4 ,solidago sp4 7874 ,composite family4 ,compositae4 ,occurs in all parts of ,texas4 ,september4 ,see ,a4 ,b4 ,c4 #agc4 ,parthenium ,hysterophorus ,l4 ,composite family4 ,compositae4 ,throughout ,eastern and ,central ,texas4 ,dr4 ,harvard remarks that it is one of the commonest weeds about the streets of ,san ,antonio4 7,coulter74 ,hunter3 in waste places and open town lots of which it takes possession4 ,honey yield good in favorable seasons when not too dry4 ,white pollen4 ,april1 ,november499 ,,roman ,,wormwood4 ,ambrosia artemisiaefolia ,l4 ,composite family4 ,compositae4 ,a common weed of waste grounds1 extremely variable4 7,coulter74 ,dry upland soils and waste places2 probably pollen only4 ,july1 ,august499 ,,tall ,,ragweed4 ,ambrosia aptera ,,dc4 ,composite family4 ,compositae4 ,low grounds in ,southern and ,western ,texas4 7,coulter74 ,hunter3 along field fences and low places4 ,some honey but more pollen of a resinous nature4 ,july and ,august499 ,,great ,,ragweed4 ,ambrosia trifida ,l4 ,composite family4 ,compositae4 ,moist river banks throughout ,eastern and ,central ,texas4 7,coulter74 ,college3 in low moist creeks and along ,brazos river4 ,honey yield not important1 but yields much pollen4 ,july and ,august499 ,,cockle-,,burr4 ,,clot ,,burr4 ,xanthium ,canadense ,mill4 ,composite family4 ,compositae4 ,alluvial shores and waste ground4 7,coulter74 ,hunter3 along creeks1 in pastures and fields2 not important2 furnishes pollen late in the fall4 ,september1 ,october499 ,,cone ,,flower4 ,,nigger ,,head4 ,rudbeckia hirta ,l4 ,composite family4 ,compositae4 ,dry and open ground throughout ,texas4 7,coulter74 ,waysides and prairies2 of no importance2 bees gather propolis from resinous heads sometimes4 ,may1 ,june499 ,,cone ,,flower4 ,,nigger ,,head4 ,rudbeckia bicolor ,nutt4 ,composite family4 ,compositae4 ,pine woods or sandy soil1 ,eastern and ,southern ,texas4 7,coulter74 ,in woods and sandy soil1 ,arkansas to ,alabama and ,texas4 7,small74 ,waysides and prairies2 of no importance2 bees gather propolis from resinous heads sometimes4 ,may1 ,june499 ,,common ,,sunflower4 ,helianthus annuus ,l4 ,composite family4 ,compositae4 ,abundant in all valleys4 7,coulter74 ,hunter3 along roadsides and in waste fields4 ,honey yield sometimes good in the fall but strong in flavor4 ,much propolis gathered from the large composite heads of the flower and stems and leaves of the plant4 ,may1 ,september499 ,,virginian ,,crown-,,beard4 ,verbesina ,virginica ,l4 ,composite family4 ,compositae4 ,rich dry soil from the ,mississippi and ,gulf ,states through ,texas to ,mexico4 7,coulter74 ,in rich soils1 lowlands and woodlands2 honey yield very abundant1 depending upon seasons2 fine quality of honey4 ,october499 ,,sneeze ,,weed4 ,,bitter ,,weed4 ,helenium tenuifolium ,nutt4 ,composite family4 ,compositae4 ,river bottoms1 etc41 extending from the ,gulf and ,mississippi ,states to ,western ,texas4 7,coulter74 ,college3 abundant on open woodland prairies and plains of ,eastern ,texas4 ,honey yield good in favorable seasons2 pollen2 honey golden yellow1 heavy body but very bitter1 as if #ej per cent quinine and some pepper was added4 ,june to ,october499 ,,marigold4 ,gaillardia pulchella ,foug4 ,composite family4 ,compositae4 ,extending from plains of ,arkansas and ,louisiana through ,texas to those of ,arizona and ,mexico4 7,coulter74 ,hunter3 waysides and prairies4 ,honey yield of good quality1 dark amber colored4 ,a main yielder of surplus4 ,may1 ,june499 ,,blue ,,thistle4 ,cnicus altissimus ,willd4 ,composite family4 ,compositae4 ,borders of woods and open ground4 ,common in the ,atlantic ,states and extending into ,texas4 7,coulter74 ,hunter3 scattered over open prairies2 honey yield unimportant2 some pollen4 ,july1 ,august499 ,bees working heavily on it in ,june1 #aijg along ,guadalupe ,river1 ,new ,braunfels1 ,texas1 where some of the pastures were literally covered with it4 7,e4 ,scholl74 ,,american ,,knapweed4 ,centaurea ,americana ,nutt4 ,composite family4 ,compositae4 ,extending from the plains of ,arkansas and ,louisiana through ,texas to ,arizona and adjacent ,mexico4 7,coulter74 ,hunter3 open prairies and pastures4 ,not important4 ,july1 ,august499 ,,dandelion4 ,taraxacum officinale ,weber4 ,composite family4 ,compositae4 ,common everywhere2 an introduction from ,europe4 7,coulter74 ,see ,a4 ,b4 ,c4 of ,bee ,culture4 ,february499 ,,marigold4 ,tagetes patalus ,l4 ,composite family4 ,compositae4 ,cultivated in flower gardens2 honey yield not important2 bees only occasionally visiting it4 ,july499 ,,narrow-,,leafed ,,iron ,,wood4 ,bumelia angustifolia ,nutt4 ,appodilla family4 ,sapotaceae4 ,valley of the lower ,rio ,grande4 7,coulter74 ,specimen sent from the ,nueces ,river4 7,cotulla74 ,june499 ,,mexican ,,persimmon4 ,diospyros ,texana ,scheele4 ,ebony family4 ,ebenaceae4 ,woods along streams1 ,matagorda ,bay to the ,concho ,river and southward4 7,coulter74 ,mexicans call it ,chapote1 also known as black persimmon4 ,often found on rocky mesas but thrives best in canyons and on the edges of ravines4 7,harvard74 ,hunter3 in woodlands3 honey yield abundant1 not harmed by showers on account of bell-shaped flowers4 ,april499 ,,persimmon 7,,common74 ,diospyros ,virginiana ,l4 ,ebony family4 ,ebenaceae4 ,a common tree of the ,atlantic ,states4 ,extending ,into ,texas to the valley of the ,colorado4 7,coulter74 ,throughout ,east ,texas2 honey yield good1 not long and trees not abundant4 ,bell-shaped blossoms are protected in rain4 ,april499 ,,california ,,privet4 ,ligustrum vulgare ,l4 ,olive family4 ,oleaceae4 ,thickets and on roadsides1 ,ontario to ,pennsylvania and ,north ,carolina4 7,small74 ,ornamental shrub cultivated for hedges1 etc41 honey yield good2 flowering trees scarce1 trimmed and kept down in hedges4 ,april1 ,may499 ,a good flow at ,college ,station in #aijf4 7,e4 ,scholl74 ,,silver ,,berry4 ,elaeagnus argentia1 ,pursh4 ,oleaster family4 ,elaeagnaceae4 ,college ,station2 cultivated ornamental on campus4 ,honey yield abundant in narrowly funnel-shaped blossoms hanging downward4 ,nectar runs to mouth of flower4 ,protected from rains4 ,corolla #hmm4 deep4 ,long-tongue bees would be of advantage4 ,october1 ,november499 ,,sweet ,,olive4 ,elaeagnus angustifolia ,l4 ,oleaster family4 ,elaeagnaceae4 ,college ,station3 cultivated ornamental shrub on campus2 honey yield good2 bees work on blossom4 ,april499 ,,silk ,,weed4 ,asclepias sp4 ,milk weed family4 ,asclepiadeae4 ,beeville2 on plains and prairies4 ,honey yield good but pollen attaches to bee's feet and cripples them4 ,march499 ,,dense-,,flowered ,,phacelia4 ,phacelia congesta ,hook4 ,water-leaf family4 ,hydrophyllaceae4 ,throughout ,texas4 7,coulter74 ,rich places and moist woods2 honey yield sparing4 ,april1 ,june499 ,phacelia glabra ,nutt4 ,water-leaf family4 ,hydrophyllaceae4 ,low prairies ,arkansas and ,east ,texas4 7,coulter74 ,on prairies ,eastern ,texas4 ,march1 ,april499 ,,borage4 ,borage officinalis ,l4 ,borage family4 ,boragineae4 ,college3 cultivated2 honey yield good2 bees working busily on it during ,june4 ,old stalks die down in ,july and large lower leaves protect root stock during severe drouth and sprout out for bees to work on bloom in ,august4 ,june1 ,july499 ,,morning ,,glory4 ,ipomoea ,caroliniana ,pursh4 ,convolvulus family4 ,convolvulaceae4 ,most common in cultivated fields4 ,honey yield light1 pollen4 ,june to ,november499 ,,night-,,shade4 ,solanum rostratum ,dunal4 ,night-shade family4 ,solanaceae4 ,plains throughout ,texas4 7,coulter74 ,hunter3 waste lands1 prairies and roadsides4 ,honey very little2 some pollen4 ,may1 ,october499 ,,trumpet ,,creeper4 ,,trumpet ,,flower4 ,campsis radicans 7,l7 ,seem4 ,bigonia family4 ,bignoniaceae4 ,moist soil1 extending from ,atlantic and ,gulf ,states into ,texas and common in cultivation4 7,coulter74 ,cultivated and along river bottoms3 honey yield of little importance2 external nectar glands2 pollen from flowers4 ,july to ,october499 ,,large-,,flowered ,,verbena4 ,verbena urticaefolia ,l4 ,vervain family4 ,verbenaceae4 ,waste or open grounds1 extending from the ,atlantic regions through ,texas to tropical ,america4 7,coulter74 ,college ,station3 in waste open ground4 ,april1 ,august499 ,,blue ,,vervain4 ,verbena xutha ,lehm4 ,vervain family4 ,verbenaceae4 ,extending from ,louisiana through ,texas to ,southern ,california and ,mexico4 7,coulter74 ,college3 in sandy soils1 honey yield sparing and scattering throughout its season4 ,april1 ,august499 ,,spatulate-,,leafed ,,fog-,,fruit4 ,lippia nodiflora ,michx4 ,vervain family4 ,verbenaceae4 ,low ground extending from the ,gulf ,states to ,western ,texas4 7,coulter74 ,in moist places1 rivers and creeks2 honey yield very light and of little importance4 ,july499 ,,white ,,brush4 ,lippia ligustrina ,britt4 ,vervain family4 ,verbenaceae4 ,common on rocky slopes throughout ,texas4 7,coulter74 ,foliage eaten by cattle1 sheep and goats4 7,harvard74 ,all over ,southwest ,texas2 honey yield very heavy of fine quality but very short duration1 only a few days2 blooms after each rain during season4 ,may to ,november499 ,,lantana4 ,lantana ,camara ,l4 ,vervain family4 ,verbenaceae4 ,extending from the ,gulf ,states through ,southeastern ,texas to tropical ,america4 7,coulter74 ,on light soils of ,southwest ,texas2 unimportant2 bees seldom on it4 ,april1 ,october499 ,,french ,,mulberry4 ,callicarpa ,americana ,l4 ,vervain family4 ,verbenaceae4 ,rich or moist grounds1 extending from ,gulf ,states to ,southern ,texas4 7,coulter74 ,brazos bottoms1 ,college2 rich soil in woods1 abundant3 honey yield only fair4 ,may499 ,,roemer',s ,,sage4 ,salvia ,roemeriana ,scheele4 ,mint family4 ,labiatae4 ,in light fertile soils1 ,western ,texas4 7,coulter74 ,hunter3 rich soils in forests4 ,unimportant as a honey plant2 not abundant2 deep corollas4 ,may1 ,june499 ,,blue ,,sage4 ,salvia azurea ,lam4 ,mint family4 ,labiatae4 ,from ,gulf ,states to extreme ,western ,texas4 7,coulter74 ,hunter3 dry soil and waste places2 corolla deep and visited much more frequently by bumble bees than honey bees4 ,april1 ,october499 ,,catnip4 ,nepeta cataria ,l4 ,mint family4 ,labiatae4 ,cultivated on ,apiary ,experimental ,plats1 #aijd2 only a few plants grew and bloomed4 ,a few bees visited it4 ,soon died4 ,july499 ,,wild ,,bergamont4 ,monarda fistulosa ,l4 ,mint family4 ,labiatae4 ,dry soil throughout ,texas1 etc4 7,coulter74 ,college3 along banks of ravines4 ,honey yield good but plants not abundant4 ,may1 ,july499 ,,horse-,,mint4 ,monarda clinopodioides ,gray4 ,mint family4 ,labiatae4 ,eastern and ,southern ,texas4 7,coulter74 ,prairies and waste land2 honey yield abundant2 one of the main yielders2 honey compared to bass-wood in flavor4 ,may1 ,june499 ,,horse-,,mint4 ,monarda punctata ,l4 7,see frontis-piece74 ,mint family4 ,labiatae4 ,sandy ground extending from the ,atlantic regions to ,southern and ,western ,texas4 7,coulter74 ,in open prairies and waste land2 honey yield abundant2 one of the main crop yielders2 honey compared with basswood4 ,may1 ,july499 ,a good yielder in ,brazos bottoms4 ,college ,station1 ,texas1 in #aijg1 ,june4 7,e4 ,scholl74 ,,drummond',s ,,skull-,,cap4 ,scutellaria drummondii ,benth4 ,mint family4 ,labiatae4 ,common throughout ,texas in damp rich soil4 7,coulter74 ,on prairies1 ,kansas to ,texas4 7,small74 ,hunter3 waste places in fields and prairies4 ,honey yield abundant in spring2 much visited by bees4 ,april1 ,may499 ,,common ,,hoarhound4 ,marrubium vulgare ,l4 ,mint family4 ,labiatae4 ,a common escape in waste or open ground4 7,coulter74 ,hunter3 most all parts of the ,south2 fertile places2 fence corners and pens2 honey yield abundant2 steady flow2 dark amber colored4 ,claimed bitter by some4 ,february1 ,july499 ,,coleus4 ,coleus blumei ,benth4 ,mint family4 ,labiatae4 ,college2 ornament for borders1 etc4 ,honey yield of no importance4 ,bees gather pollen from it only occasionally4 ,july499 ,,common ,,pigweed4 ,amaranthus retroflexus ,l4 ,amaranth family4 ,amaranthaceae4 ,throughout ,texas4 7,coulter74 ,waste lands and fields2 honey yield of no importance2 some pollen4 ,july1 ,september499 ,,thorny ,,amaranth4 ,amaranthus spinosus ,l4 ,amaranth family4 ,amaranthaceae4 ,from ,tom ,green ,county to ,laredo4 7,coulter74 ,annual weedy herbs4 ,in waste places and cultivated soils presumably pollen only2 not important4 ,august499 ,,madeira ,,vine4 ,anredera scandens 7,l74 ,moq4 ,goosefoot family4 ,chenopodiaceae4 ,from the upper ,pecos to the lower ,rio ,grande1 7,ringgold74 7,coulter74 ,hunter4 ,texas2 cultivated for shade on verandas2 honey yield fair1 bees work on it industriously1 but the plants are scarce4 ,may1 ,september499 ,,japanese ,,buckwheat4 ,fagopyrum fagopyrum 7,l7 ,karst4 ,buckwheat family4 ,polygonaceae4 ,cultivated in fields in a small way2 honey yield good on favorable moist mornings1 not in dry weather4 ,honey very dark and strong in flavor2 not important for bees in ,texas4 ,june1 ,july499 ,a good yielder to bridge over from early spring flower to cotton bloom at ,college ,station1 ,texas4 7,e4 ,scholl74 ,,american ,,mistletoe4 ,phoradendron flavescens ,nutt4 ,mistletoe family4 ,loranthaceae4 ,from ,eagle ,pass to ,central ,texas4 ,reported on ,ulmus1 ,prosopis1 ,quercus1 etc4 7,coulter74 ,honey yield abundant and also pollen1 very valuable for early brood rearing4 ,the first source for bees in the season4 ,december1 ,january499 ,blooms in ,january and ,february if weather is not too cold1 yields pollen and honey4 7,milam1 ,d4 ,c1 ,uvalde1 ,texas74 ,,spurge4 ,euphorbia marginata ,pursh4 ,spurge family4 ,euphorbiaceae4 ,throughout the valleys of the ,pecos and ,rio ,grande4 7,coulter74 ,along valleys and lowlands2 honey yield of no importance4 ,june1 ,october499 ,,sonora ,,croton4 ,croton ,sonorae ,torr4 ,spurge family4 ,euphorbiaceae4 ,on rocky bluffs of the upper ,llano4 7,coulter74 ,hunter3 open places in woodland bluffs2 honey yield only light1 but comes in dearth and good if rains2 pollen4 ,july1 ,august499 ,,croton ,,capitatus ,,michx4 ,spurge family4 ,euphorbiaceae4 ,from the ,pecos to ,southern and ,central ,texas4 7,coulter74 ,roadsides and prairies2 unimportant2 some pollen when no other bloom4 ,july1 ,september499 ,plenty of pollen at ,college ,station in ,august1 #aijg4 7,e4 ,scholl74 ,,texas ,,croton4 ,croton ,texensis ,muell4 ,spurge family4 ,euphorbiaceae4 ,from the staked plains to ,corpus ,christi4 7,coulter74 ,hunter3 roadsides and fields2 honey yield very light1 not important4 ,june1 ,august499 ,,one-,,seeded ,,croton4 ,croton monanthogynus ,michx4 ,spurge family4 ,euphorbiaceae4 ,central and ,southern ,texas4 7,coulter74 ,hunter3 open prairies and pastures2 honey yield fair1 but unimportant4 ,may1 ,june4 ,,castor-,,oil ,,plant4 ,ricinus communis ,l4 ,spurge family4 ,euphorbiaceae4 ,cultivated extensively for ornament and sparingly escaped in ,missouri and southwestward to ,central ,mexico4 7,coulter74 ,planted for ornamental purposes2 honey yield good in favorable seasons2 pollen2 has glands at base of leaves4 ,march1 ,april499 ,,american ,,or ,,white ,,elm4 ,ulmus ,americana ,l4 ,nettle family4 ,urticaceae4 ,extending westward to the streams of ,southern and ,central ,texas4 7,coulter74 ,college3 along moist creeks and streams2 honey yield good but not very plentiful4 ,august499 ,,winged ,,elm or ,,wahoo4 ,ulmus alata ,michx4 ,nettle family4 ,urticaceae4 ,on streams extending to the valley of the ,trinity4 7,coulter74 ,tree with corky winged branches1 along streams and low soils in woods2 honey yield good sometimes giving surplus2 much pollen2 honey of amber color and strong characteristic aroma4 ,august1 ,september499 ,,granjeno4 ,celtis pallida ,torr4 ,nettle family4 ,urticaceae4 ,very common on all mesas and foot-hills of ,western and ,southern ,texas4 7,coulter74 ,beekeepers value it as an important plant in ,southwest ,texas4 ,march1 ,april499 ,,hackberry4 ,celtis ,mississippiensis ,bosc4 ,nettle family4 ,urticaceae4 ,extending to ,central ,texas4 7,coulter74 ,in woodlands2 much planted for shade2 honey yield fair1 valuable for pollen in the spring4 ,march1 ,april499 ,,hackberry4 ,celtis occidentalis ,l4 ,nettle family4 ,urticaceae4 ,very common in the valleys of ,western and ,southwestern ,texas1 ',palo ,blanco' 7,coulter74 ,in woods and valleys1 planted for shade2 honey yield fair1 much pollen1 valuable for early brood rearing4 ,march1 ,april499 ,,osage ,,orange4 ,toxylon pomiferum ,raf4 ,nettle family4 ,urticaceae4 ,near waters from ,eastern to ,central and ,southern ,texas4 ,extensively used for hedges4 7,coulter74 ,planted for hedges and timber2 honey yield not important on account of scarcity of trees4 ,april499 ,,pecan-,,nut4 ,hicoria ,pecan 7,marsh7 ,britt4 ,walnut family4 ,juglandeae4 ,extending from the ,mississippi ,states to the streams of ,central and ,southwestern ,texas as far west as ,fort ,concho4 7,coulter74 ,along rivers and creeks2 honey yield where plentiful2 valuable for brood rearing on account of its pollen4 ,march499 ,,mockernut4 ,,whiteheart ,,hickory4 ,hicoria alba 7,l7 ,britt4 ,walnut family4 ,juglandeae4 ,extending to the ,valley of the ,brazos4 7,coulter74 ,college ,station1 ,brazos ,river4 ,abundant in the sandy valley land2 some honey and pollen4 ,march499 ,,black ,,walnut4 ,juglans nigra ,l4 ,walnut family4 ,juglandeae4 ,extending from the east to the valley of the ,colorado and ,san ,antonio4 7,coulter74 ,in forests1 along creeks and rivers2 some honey1 more pollen2 good to stimulate bees4 ,march499 ,,post ,,oak4 ,quercus minor 7,marsh7 ,sarg4 ,oak family4 ,cupuliferae4 ,sandy or sterile soils1 extending from the ,atlantic ,states to ,central ,texas4 7,coulter74 ,in sandy land sections of the country2 honey yield inferior but with large amount of pollen2 good for early brood rearing4 ,march1 ,april499 ,,live ,,oak4 ,quercus ,virginiana ,mill4 ,oak family4 ,cupuliferae4 ,common along water courses extending from the ,gulf ,states through ,southern and ,western ,texas to the mountains of ,new ,mexico4 7,coulter74 ,hunter3 in forests1 honey yield good1 poor in quality1 dark2 valuable for early brood rearing2 much pollen4 ,march499 ,,red ,,oak4 ,quercus rubra ,l4 ,oak family4 ,cupuliferae4 ,extending to the valleys of the ,colorado and ,san ,antonio4 ,not abundant and timber poor4 7,coulter74 ,along creeks and low-lands2 scarce2 pollen4 ,march1 ,april499 ,,swamp1 ,,spanish1 or ,,pin ,,oak4 ,quercus palustris ,du ,roi4 ,oak family4 ,cupuliferae4 ,low grounds extending to the valley of the ,colorado4 7,coulter74 ,forests2 good honey yield and also pollen2 valuable for brood rearing1 ,march1 ,april499 ,,water ,,oak4 ,quercus aquatica ,walt4 ,oak family4 ,cupuliferae4 ,wet grounds extending from the ,south ,atlantic ,states to the valley of the ,colorado4 7,coulter74 ,college3 along creeks and streams2 scarce and scattering2 pollen4 ,march499 ,,black ,,jack or ,,barren ,,oak4 ,quercus nigra ,l4 ,oak family4 ,cupuliferae4 ,extending to the valleys of the ,colorado and ,nueces4 7,coulter74 ,in post oak woods in sandy sections of the country2 early pollen4 ,march1 ,april499 ,,black ,,willow4 ,salix nigra ,marsh4 ,willow family4 ,salicineae4 ,on banks bending over the water of most streams of ,western ,texas4 7,coulter74 ,along rivers and creeks2 honey yield good and valuable for brood rearing1 and for abundance of pollen4 ,february to ,april499 ,,cottonwood4 ,,necklace ,,poplar4 ,populus monilifera ,ait4 ,willow family4 ,salicineae4 ,extending into the mountains of ,western ,texas4 7,coulter74 ,lowlands and along streams2 some honey but more pollen2 valuable for early brood rearing4 ,march499 ,,green ,,briar4 ,,cat ,,briar4 ,smilax bona-nox ,l4 ,lily family4 ,liliaceae4 ,abundant along the ,rio ,grande and ,pecos4 7,coulter74 ,in thickets ,massachusetts to ,florida and ,texas4 ,stretch berry4 7,small74 ,in thickets2 honey yield fair2 bees work on it well1 but of short duration4 ,april499 ,,asparagus4 ,asparagus officinalis ,linn4 ,lily family4 ,liliaceae4 ,in waste places and salt marshes4 ,new ,brunswick to ,georgia and ,louisiana4 ,naturalized from ,europe4 7,small74 ,cultivated for its young shoots for food2 honey yield of no importance1 but good for pollen4 ,march1 ,april499 ,,virginian ,,spiderwort4 ,commelina ,virginica ,l4 ,spiderwort family4 ,commelinaceae4 ,moist thickets and borders of rivers southern and southwestern ,texas4 7,coulter74 ,hunter3 moist fence corners and open woods2 honey yield unimportant1 valuable for pollen4 ,april1 ,may499 ,,spiderwort4 ,tradescantia gigantea ,rose4 ,spiderwort family4 ,commelinaceae4 ,on plains or prairies1 ,texas4 7,small74 ,new ,braunfels2 in and about hedges of woodlands2 honey yield unimportant but good for early pollen4 ,march1 ,may499 ,,sorghum4 ,sorghum vulgare ,pers4 ,grass family4 ,gramineae4 ,hunter3 cultivated for hay crops1 etc41 valuable for abundant yield of pollen2 some honey4 ,june1 ,august499 ,,indian ,,corn4 ,zea mays ,l4 ,grass family4 ,gramineae4 ,cultivated in fields for grain2 honey yield not positively known2 valuable for its pollen in abundance4 ,may1 ,june499 ,,index ,latin or ,technical ,names4 ,acacia amentacea ,acacia ,berlandiera ,acacia ,farnesiana ,acacia ,greggii ,acacia ,roemeriana ,ailanthus glandulosus ,amaranthaceae ,amaranthus retroflexus ,amaranthus spinosus ,ambrosia aptera ,ambrosia artemisiaefolia ,ambrosia trifida ,ampelidaceae ,amygdalus ,persica ,anacardiaceae ,anredera scandens ,argemone platyceras ,asclepiadeae ,asclepias sp ,asparagus officinalis ,astragalus ,mexicanus ,berberideae ,berberis trifoliata ,bignoniaceae ,berchemia scandens ,borage officinalis ,boragineae ,brassica nigra ,brassica rapa ,bumelia angustifolia ,callicarpa ,americana ,callirrhoe digitata ,cactaceae ,campsis radicans ,caprifoliaceae ,cardiospermum ,halicacabum ,celtis pallida ,celtis occidentalis ,celtis ,mississippiensis ,centaurea ,americana ,cephalanthus occidentalis ,cercis ,canadensis ,cercis occidentalis ,chenopodiaceae ,cissus incisa ,citrullus ,citrullus ,citrus trifoliata ,cnicus altissimus ,coleus blumei ,columbrina ,texensis ,commelinaceae ,commelina ,virginica ,compositae ,condalia obovata ,convolvulaceae ,cornaceae ,cornus asperifolia ,crataegus arborescens ,crataegus spathulata ,croton ,capitatus ,croton monanthogynus ,croton ,sonorae ,croton ,texensis ,cruciferae ,cucumis ,melo ,cucumis sativa ,cucurbitaceae ,cucurbita foetidissima ,cucurbita pepo ,cupuliferae ,daubentonia longifolia ,diodia teres ,diospyros ,texana ,diospyros ,virginiana ,dolichos lablab ,ebenaceae ,elaeagnaceae ,elaeagnus angustifolia ,elaeagnus argentia ,euphorbiaceae ,euphorbia marginata ,eysenhardtia amorphoides ,firmiana platinifolia ,fagopyrum fagopyrum ,gaillardia pulchella ,gaura filiformis ,geraniaceae ,gleditschia triacanthos ,gossypium herbaceum ,gramineae ,greggia camporum ,gutierrezia ,texana ,helenium tenuifolium ,helianthus annuus ,hibiscus syriacus ,hicoria alba ,hicoria ,pecan ,houstonia angustifolia ,hydrophyllaceae ,ilex ,caroliniana ,ilex decidua ,ilicineae ,ipomoea ,caroliniana ,juglandeae ,juglans nigra ,jussiaea diffusa ,jussiaea repens ,kallstroemia maxima ,labiatae ,lagerstroemia ,indica ,lantana ,camara ,leguminosae ,lepidium virginicum ,ligustrum vulgare ,liliaceae ,lippia ligustrina ,lippia nodiflora ,lonicera albiflora ,lonicera fragrantissima ,loranthaceae ,lupinus subcarnosus ,lythraceae ,malus malus ,malvaceae ,malvaviscus drummondii ,marrubium vulgare ,medicago denticulata ,medicago sativa ,meliaceae ,melia azedarach ,melilotus alba ,melilotus officinalis ,monarda clinopodioides ,monarda fistulosa ,monarda punctata ,nepeta cataria ,neptunia lutea ,oleaceae ,onagrarieae ,opuntia englemannii ,oxalis stricta ,papaveraceae ,papaver rhoeas ,parkinsonia aculeata ,parthenium ,hysterophorus ,phacelia congesta ,phacelia glabra ,phoradendron flavescens ,pisum sativum ,polygonaceae ,populus monilifera ,portulaceae ,portulaca grandiflora ,prosopis juliflora ,prunus 7sp47 ,prunus domestica ,ptelea trifoliata ,pyrus communis ,quercus aquatica ,quercus minor ,quercus nigra ,quercus palustris ,quercus rubra ,quercus ,virginiana ,reseda odorata ,resedaceae ,rhamneae ,rhus copallina ,rhus virens ,ricinus communis ,robinia ,pseudacacia ,rosa ,rosaceae ,rudbeckia bicolor ,rudbeckia hirta ,rubiaceae ,rubus trivialis ,rutaceae ,salicineae ,salix nigra ,salvia azurea ,salvia ,roemeriana ,sambucus ,canadensis ,sapindaceae ,sapindus marginatus ,sapotaceae ,schrankia angustata ,scutellaria drummondii ,sida spinosa ,sida angustifolia ,simarubaceae ,smilax bona-nox ,solanaceae ,solanum rostratum ,solidago sp4 787 ,sorghum vulgare ,spiraea ,virginiana ,symphoricarpos symphorlcarpos ,tagetes patalus ,tamariscineae ,tamarix gallica ,taraxacum officinale ,tilia ,americana ,tiliaceae ,toxylon pomiferum ,tradescantia gigantea ,tribulus cistoides ,trifolium pratense ,trifolium repens ,ulmus ,americana ,ulmus alata ,ungnadia speciosa ,urticaceae ,verbenaceae ,verbena urticaefolia ,verbena xutha ,verbesina ,virginica ,vigna sinensis 7,var4 87 ,vigna 7sp74 ,virburnum prunifolium ,vitis monticola ,vitis 787 7,varieties7 ,xanthium ,canadense ,xanthoxylum clava-,herculis ,zea mays ,zygophylleae ,,index ,vernacular or ,common ,names4 ,alfalfa or ,lucerne ,amaranth family ,american ,knapweed ,american mistletoe ,american or ,white elm ,apple ,appodilla family ,asparagus ,barberry family ,basswood4 ,american linden ,bean-caper family ,bigonia family ,black haw ,black jack or ,barren oak ,black locust ,black walnut ,black willow ,blue lupine4 ,bluebonnet ,blue sage ,blue thistle ,blue vervain ,borage ,borage family ,brasil wood ,bridal wreath ,broomweed ,buckthorn family ,buckwheat family ,bush honeysuckle ,button bush ,button weed ,cactus family ,california privet ,cassia ,castor-oil plant ,catnip ,catsclaw ,cockle-burr4 ,clot-burr ,coleus ,common ,balloon ,vine ,common cactus or ,prickly pear ,common hoarhound ,common pigweed ,common pumpkin ,common ,sunflower ,common turnip ,composite family ,cone flower4 ,nigger ,head ,convolvulus family ,coral berry4 ,indian currant ,cotton ,cottonwood4 ,necklace poplar ,cow itch ,crepe myrtle ,cucumber ,cultivated wine grapes ,cow pea ,dandelion ,dense-flowered phacelia ,devils claws ,dew-berry ,dogwood family ,drummond's skull-cap ,dwarf sumach ,ebony family ,elder ,evening primrose family ,eysenhardtia ,french mulberry ,fringed poppy mallow ,garden pea ,geranium family ,goldenrod ,goosefoot family ,gourd family ,grass family ,granjeno ,greater caltrop ,great ragweed ,green briar4 ,cat briar ,green sumach ,greggia ,hardy orange ,hackberry ,hawthorn4 ,white thorn ,holly family ,honey locust ,honey suckle family ,hop tree ,horse-mint ,houstonia ,huajilla ,huisache ,indian corn ,japanese buckwheat ,japanese delchos ,japanese varnish tree ,jussiaea ,lantana ,large-flowered caltrop ,large-flowered verbena ,lily family ,linden family ,live oak ,loose strife family ,madder family ,madeira vine ,mallow family ,marigold ,medick4 ,burr clover ,melia family ,mezquit tree4 ,screw bean ,mexican buckeye ,mexican ground plum ,mexican persimmon ,mignonette ,mignonette family ,milk weed family ,mint family ,mistletoe family ,mockernut4 ,whiteheart ,hickory ,morning glory ,mountain grape ,musk melon ,mustard family ,narrow-leafed iron wood ,narrow-leafed sida ,nettle family ,night-shade ,night-shade family ,oak family ,oleaster family ,olive family ,one-seeded croton ,osage orange ,paradise flower ,peach ,pear ,pecan-nut ,persimmon 7common7 ,peppergrass4 ,pepperwort ,plum ,poppy family ,portulaca ,possum haw4 ,bear berry ,post oak ,prickly poppy ,pulse family ,purslane family ,quassia family ,rattan vine ,red bud ,red bud4 ,judas tree ,red clover ,red oak ,retama ,roemer's sage ,roman wormwood ,rose ,rose family ,rose of sharon4 ,shrubby althaea ,round-flowered catsclaw ,rue family ,salt cedar ,sensitive briar ,silk weed ,silver berry ,sneeze weed4 ,bitter weed ,soapberry4 ,wild china ,soapberry family ,sonora croton ,sorgum ,spanish apple ,spatulate-leafed fog-fruit ,spiderwort family ,spring sida ,spurge ,spurge family ,sumach family ,swamp1 ,spanish1 or ,pin oak ,sweet clover ,sweet olive ,tall ragweed ,tamarisc family ,texas croton ,thorny amaranth ,tooth-ache tree4 ,prickly ash4 ,sea ash4 ,pepperwood ,tree of heaven ,triple-leafed barberry ,trumpet creeper4 ,trumpet flower ,umbrella china tree ,vervain family ,vine family ,virginian crown-beard ,virginian spiderwort ,walnut family ,water-leaf family ,watermelon ,water oak ,white brush ,white clover ,white-flowered honey suckle ,willow family ,wild bergamont ,wild gourd ,wild plum ,winged elm or ,wahoo ,yellow ,wood sorrel ,yellow sweet clover ,youpon ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,transcriber's note3 ,electronic version produced by ,frank ,zago - ,april #bnd1 #bjab4 ,notes about this edition3 only the obvious typos were fixed2 and several missing opening or closing quotes were added4 ,otherwise no other change was made4 ,the original book used is freely available from ,texas ,a,m ,university at3 http3_/_/repository4tamu4edu_/handle_/#a ifi4a_/cddj