,,col\r4  ,ent]$ at ,/ation]s' ,hall4   
,illu/ration3 ,,sunset    ,,col\r ,,z ,a
 ,,means ,,( ,,art3  ,,be+ ,,an         
,,adaptation ,,( ,,! ,,exp]i5ce ,,(     
,,pr(essors ,,to ,,! ,,practice ,,(     
,,amateurs4   ,,by ,,frank ,,h[>d1      
,,au?or ,,( ,,! ,,sket*]',s ,,manual1   
,,! ,,_s ,,( ,,%akspe>e1 c4   ,,london3 
,,h5ry ,g4 ,,bohn1 ,,york ,,/reet1      
,,cov5t ,,g>d54 ,,mdcccxlix4            
,d$ication     ,,to     ,,sir ,,augu/us 
,,wall ,,callcott1 ,r4,a4     c4 c4 c4  
,,de> ,,sir1      ,! endeav\r ( ! pres5t
 "w is to fix & develope1 =     ! b5efit
 ( ! ,amateur & ! ,/ud5t1 "s ( !        
ackn[l$g$ g5]al pr9ciples ( ,col\r+ z a 
means ( ,art1     )\t ref]5ce to !      
purposes to :i* su* ,art %all be        
appli$1--)\t ref]5ce to poetical        
expression or "*1     or to ! imitation 
( ! details ( ,nature1 :i* are          
requisite = ! production ( great works4 
,& ,i h mu* pleasure 9 be+ p]mitt$ to   
d$icate x to     y1 :o h s rec5tly %[n t
 ! capability to execute     9 ! high]  

walks ( ,art does n dep5d1 z is         
errone\sly     suppos$1 ^u me*anical    
skill atta9$ by con/ant practice     &  
devotion to "o class ( subjects2 b ^u   
intellectual     qualifications & m5tal 
ref9em5t1 :i* has ev] be5     conspicu\s
 9 y\r treatm5t ( ! subjects g5]ally    
adorn$     by y\r p5cil4      ,i h !    
hon\r to rema91     ,y\r ob$i5t ,s]vant1
     ,frank ,h[>d4     ,,cont5ts4       
,,page  ,,preface                       
,v  ,,introduction                      
#ag   ,,*apt] ,i4  ,,col\r+ ,,z ,a      
,,means ,,( ,,art                       
#be   ,section #a4--;,,h>mony           
#bg   ,section #b4--,,tone              
#ca   ,,*apt] ,,ii4  ,,rules ,,=        
,,produc+ ,,pictures ,,9 ,,col\r        
#ce   ,section #a4--;,,cuyp',s          
,,pr9ciple                              
#ci   ,section #b4--;,,bo?',s ,,pr9ciple
                                    #da 
,section #c4--;,,hobbima ,,&            
,,ruysdael',s ,,pr9ciples               
#dc   ,section #d4--,,t5i]s ,,&         

,,o/ade',s ,,pr9ciples                  
#de   ,section #e4--,,! ,,pr9ciples ,,( 
,,titian ,,& ,,! ,,v5etian ,,s*ool      
#dg   ,section #f4--,,ludovico          
,,c>acci',s ,,pr9ciple                  
#di   ,section #g4--;,,ano!r ,,pr9ciple 
,,( ,,titian                         #ea
   ,section #h4--,,rub5',s ,,pr9ciple   
#ec   ,section #i4--,,turn]',s          
,,pr9ciple                              
#ee  ,section #aj4--;,,ano!r ,,pr9ciple 
,,( ,,turn]                         #eg 
,section #aa4--,,mod]n ,,mann]          
#ei  ,section #ab4--;,,ab/ract          
,,pr9ciples ,,to ,,:i* ,,^!             
,,arrangem5ts ,,may ,,be ,,ref]r$       
#fa   ,,*apt] ,,iii4  ,,f9e ,,col\r+    
#fi   ,section #a4--,,pr9ciples ,,(     
,,col\r+ ,,objects                      
#ga   ,section #b4--;,,col\rs ,,(       
,,lights ,,& ,,%ad[s                    
#ii   ,section #c4--,,sun%9e            
#aja   ,section #d4--,,sunset           
#ajc   ,section #e4--,,moonlight        
#aje   ,section #f4--;,,grey ,,daylight 

#ajg     ,,li/ ,,( ,,plates4            
,,frontispiece4 ,,sunset4            7to
 face ,title page47                     
,,page   #a4 ,,cuyp',s ,,pr9ciple       
#ci   #b4 ,,bo?',s ,,pr9ciple           
#da   #c4 ,,ruysdael ,,& ,,hobbima',s   
,,pr9ciple                #dc   #d4     
,,t5i]',s ,,& ,,o/ade',s ,,pr9ciple     
#de   #e4 ,,titian ,,& ,,! ,,v5etian    
,,s*ool                  #dg   #f4      
,,ludovico ,,c>acci',s ,,pr9ciple       
#di   #g4 ,,ano!r ,,pr9ciple ,,(        
,,titian                     #ea   #h4  
,,rub5',s ,,pr9ciple                    
#ec   #i4 ,,turn]',s ,,pr9ciple         
#ee  #aj4 ,,ano!r ,,pr9ciple ,,( ,,turn]
                     #eg  #aa4 ,,mod]n  
,,mann]                                 
#ei  #ab4 ,,! ,,n]i                     
#hh  #ac4 ,,! ,,bian*i                  
#ic  #ad4 ,,! ,,dut* ,,s*ool            
#id  #ae4 ,,sun%9e                      
#aja  #af4 ,,moonlight                  
#aje  #ag4 ,,grey ,,daylight            
#ajg     ,,preface4   ,9 ! ,sket*]'s    

,manual1 ! g5]al pr9ciples ( mak+       
pictures 9 black & :ite1 or1 z x is     
te*nically t]m$1 9 ,*i>oscuro1 h be5    
briefly1 b x is hop$ di/9ctly1 expla9$4 
,! foll[+ "w on ,col\r+ proce$s ^u !    
same me?od4 ,x treats fir/ ( !          
arrangem5ts ( masses ( col\rs :i* h be5 
e/abli%$ by v>i\s ma/]s or s*ools1 & :i*
 h be5 recogniz$ z satisfactory or      
agreeable by ! public voice2 x !n po9ts 
out ! ab/ract pr9ciples to :i* ^! sev]al
 arrangem5ts may be ref]r$2 & f9ally    
directs att5tion to ! qualities (       
,col\r+ 9 ,art :i* are requisite z      
reg>ds ! imitation ( ,nature4 ,x does n 
pr(ess to desc5d to details1 = ^!       
require a consid]able advance 9 ! ,art1 
& consequ5tly c\ld n possibly be r5d]$  
intelligible 9 any publication1 because 
!y w\ld require ! ex]cise ( fir/-rate   
p[]s1 to col\r e individual impression (
 ! plates4 ,= examples ( ! details (    
col\r+1 ! ,amateur & ! ,/ud5t mu/ be    
ref]r$ to ! be/ pictures ( ! sev]al     
ma/]s ^: g5]al pr9ciples are h]e9       

exhibit$4 ,b x %\ld be obs]v$1 t al?\gh 
! sev]al ma/]s1 ^: names h be5 br\ght   
=w>d 9 ! pres5t "w1 & 9 ! ,sket*]'s     
,manual1 z ! orig9ators ( ! sev]al      
pr9ciples ( ,*i>oscuro & ,col\r1 are    
g5]ally di/+ui%$ by "s ex]cise ( !      
pr9ciples to :i* _! names are atta*$1 !y
 h produc$ _m & valuable works 9 o!r & v
 diff]5t /yles4 ,x is n int5d$ to imply 
t all ! works ( ^! ma/]s are con/ruct$  
^u ! same pr9ciples2 /ill less is x     
int5d$ to imply t ! pr9cipal m]it ( ^!  
ma/]s resides 9 ! p>ticul> pr9ciple (   
picture-mak+1 :i* !y h ma9ly1 if n      
entirely1 contribut$ to develope2 = ?is 
w\ld r$uce ! art ( pa9t+ to a me*anical 
trade1 or m]e means ( gratify+ ! eye4   
,lea/ ( all has x be5 int5d$ to af=d to 
critics a means ( attack ^u ! mod]n     
ma/]s1 ^: names h be5 introduc$ into ^! 
little works1 z pa9t]s ( pictures on    
receipt1 or on a pr9ciple ( manufacture4
 ,! developm5t ( a new pr9ciple ( ,art1 
:e!r relat+ to ,composition1 ,*i>oscuro1
 or ,col\r1 is z m]itori\s & wor?y (    

di/9ction z1 if n m s ?an1 ! production 
( an able "w ^u ! pr9ciples ( ,art      
previ\sly e/abli%$ by o!rs4  ,! au?or is
 fully s5sible t he mu/ submit to       
criticism ) respect to :atev] he may    
place be=e ! public2 nor is he 9 ! lea/ 
dispos$ to compla9 ( any c5sure ( !     
matt] conta9$ 9 ! works1 or ( ! mann] 9 
:i* t matt] is plac$ be=e ! public4 ,he 
c ev5 af=d to smile at ! criticism t a  
"w address$ to ! ,,amateur & ! ,,/ud5t  
on ,picture-mak+ 9 ,*i>oscuro1 w n make 
a ,raffaelle or a ,titian1 p>ticul>ly z 
! great m]it ( ! latt] 0 col\r+2 & he   
may obs]ve t he does n expect t ev5 !   
pres5t "w1 :i* is solely devot$ to      
col\r+1 w make a ,titian4 ,x w be       
suffici5t if he %all h plac$ 9 a        
tangible %ape be=e ! read] "s ( !       
pr9ciples by :i* ! effects ( ,col\r+1 & 
light & %ade h be5 made1 by c]ta9 ma/]s1
 subs]vi5t to high] purposes2--! ,art is
 b ! means to an end4 ,b ! au?or feels t
 he has a "r to compla9 ( a criticism ( 
8 "w1 9 :i* ! c5sures ( ! critic ^u ?ird

 p>ties are made to appe> to h proce$$ f
 ! au?or2 & he n[ begs to disclaim hav+ 
said any?+ disrespectful ei!r ( ,mr4    
,/anfield or ,mr4 ,rob]ts1 ei!r directly
 or indirectly1 z w be evid5t ^u !      
inspection ( ! ,sket*]'s ,manual4  ,& ! 
au?or feels x necess>y to remove an     
errone\s impression ) respect to !      
nature & int5tion ( ^! works1 by /at+1 t
 !y are expressly int5d$ = ! ,amateur or
 ! ,beg9n] 9 ,art2 t !y are n int5d$ to 
be argum5tative or controv]sial2 nor are
 any matt]s introduc$ t require !       
support ( argum5t1 evid5ce1 or au?ority1
 al?\gh ^! c\ld easily be adduc$1 if    
requisite2 b ! desire ( ! au?or has be5 
to lay be=e ! ,amateur su* pr9ciples (  
,art z h receiv$ ! sanction ( ye>s1 &   
are univ]sally appreciat$ by ! public 9 
_! effects3 & ! only m]it claim$ is t ( 
hav+ br\ght !m toge!r 9 su* a =m z to   
di/+ui% !m cle>ly2 & to r5d] ! pr9ciples
 z evid5t z possible4 ,b !re is no      
pret5sion ( limit+ ! :ole ,art ( ,col\r+
 to ! pr9ciples ( ,col\r+ conta9$ h]e94 

,= ! me?od 9 :i* ! plates ( ! pres5t "w 
h be5 execut$1 ,i am indebt$ to a rec5t 
improvem5t 9 ,li?ography1 made by ,mr4  
,hullm&ell4 ,x is capable ( produc+ m   
ne>ly ! effects ( pa9t+ ?an any o!r /yle
 ( engrav+2 b f ^! plates pr(ess+ only  
to repres5t masses ( ,col\r & g5]al     
tone1 & be+ ! fir/ t h be5 attempt$ 9   
?is p>ticul> application1 !y are n      
calculat$ to display ,mr4 ,hullm&ell's  
improvem5t to advantage4                
,,introduction4   ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds 
9 "o ( 8 ,disc\rses has /at$1 t !       
,edifice ( ,art has be5 gradually rais$ 
by ! contributions ( ! great m5 ( pa/   
ages1 & t al?\gh e addition to k requir$
 ! ex]tion ( a m9d f> 9 advance ( its   
contempor>ies to effect x1 ! results h  
n[ become ! common prop]ty ( all arti/s1
 & may easily be appropriat$ by e       
,/ud5t--t mu* may n[ be taught1 :i* x   
requir$ va/ g5ius to discov]4  ,x w n be
 necess>y to adduce any argum5t 9       
support ( ?is proposition4 ,! diff]5ce (
 op9ion w pr9cipally ref] to :at "p c be

 taught8 ,& h]eon !re h be5 z great     
divisions & disputes z h aris5 ) reg>d  
to ! "p ( ! pig t 0 =bidd5 to be eat5 by
 ! foll[]s ( ,mahomet2 only x %\ld be   
obs]v$ t ! discussions h t]m9at$ 9 an   
almo/ opposite result2 = :]eas ! :ole   
pig 0 eat51 sc>cely any ( ! ,art has be5
 taught4  ,num]\s works h be5 publi%$ & 
num]\s me?ods ( in/ruction adopt$2 b !y 
are almo/ all direct$ to po9ts (        
me*anical execution1 or ! repres5tation 
( individual objects1 :i* ma9ly dep5d ^u
 skill4  ,skill is ! natural result (   
practice or =tunate organization1 & w1 (
 c\rse1 diff] ) ! p]sev]ance or capacity
 ( ! /ud5t1 :i* has l$ to ! p]suasion t 
! productions ( ,art are dep5d5t ^u :at 
is call$ natural g5ius4  ,b :at is kn[n 
( ,art may be z easily communicat$ z any
 o!r fact1 & z easily acquir$ z a k (   
hi/ory1 or any o!r appeal to ! memory1 &
 is indisp5sable equally to ! critic &  
to ! amateur4 ,on ?is subject !re are   
few if any works2 & x is r>ely t\*$ by  
pr(ess$ tea*]s ( ! ,art4  ,! me?od (    

private tuition at pres5t 9 fav\r is1 to
 make a draw+ be=e ! pupil1 :o is       
expect$ to appreciate ! c\rse ( proce$+1
 & to imitate ! effect4  ,wat*+ a draw+ 
?us 9 progress1 x w be obs]v$ t ! great]
 "p is done app>5tly )\t a ?\ght2 x     
appe>s to be lit]ally at ! f+]s' ends ( 
! arti/3 & ?is w be f\nd to compreh5d   
mu*1 x n all t conf]s ! effect ( a      
picture4 ,b 9 :at does ?is consi/8      
,repeat$ practice1 & cont9u$ /udy (     
works ( art1 w und\bt$ly1 9 "t1 br+ x to
 ! f+]s' ends ( ! /ud5t also1 & x w     
ins5sibly become an inexplicable habit1 
mann] or /yle4 ,b ?is is1 9 fact1 :at   
may be taught or communicat$ 9 a %ort   
"t2 x is ! k result+ f ! exp]i5ce (     
ages1--! edifice built up ( discov]ies f
 "t to "t contribut$ to ! fund ( ,art by
 ! success & failures ( our pr$ecessors4
 ,?is is ! k or sci5ce ( pa9t+1 :i* %\ld
 prec$e all practice or atta9m5t (      
skill1 & su* portion z relates to       
col\r+1 x is ! int5tion ( ! pres5t "w to
 supply4 ,skill w foll[ z a result ( !  

endeav\r to make use ( ! means to       
produce ! end--,pictures4  ,!re has be51
 un=tunately1 s great confusion 9 ! use 
( ! t]ms applicable to ,col\rs1 t x     
becomes difficult to convey any di/9ct  
in=mation respect+ !m1 )\t haz>d+ ! *>ge
 ( p$antry by limit+ ! signification (  
c]ta9 words4 ,t9ts1 ,tones1 & ,%ades (  
,col\r h be51 & /ill are1 too commonly  
us$ s indiscrim9ately to mean ! same &  
diff]5t ?+s1 t no def9ite impression c  
be giv51 unless !re exi/ a previ\s k ( !
 mode 9 :i* ea* ^w is appli$4 ,x w1     
!re=e1 be necess>y to expla9 ! mean+s ) 
:i* ea* ^w w be us$ 9 ! pres5t "w4      
,,t9ts are ^? specific & def9ite        
qualities ( col\rs1 by :i* ! individuals
 ( a class are di/+ui%$ f ea* o!r3 z (  
,r$s2 ,sc>let1 ,crimson1 ,p9k1          
,rose-col\r1 c43 ( ,gre5s2 ,apple-gre51 
,olive-gre51 ,pea-gre51 c43 ( ,yell[s2  
,/raw-col\r1 ,amb]1 c43 ( ,blues2       
,sky-blue1 ,g>t]-blue1 ,indigo1 c4      
,,%ades ,,( ,,col\r imply ! degree (    
brilliancy or dep?1 z bright or deep    

,crimson2 light or d>k ,blue4  ,,tones  
,,( ,,col\r are ( m g5]al application1 z
 indicat+ ! g5]al aspect ( classes (    
,t9ts or ,%ades2 & especially designat+ 
! degree ( w>m? or coldness3 z cool     
gre5s1 w>m greys4 ,!re may be light] &  
d>k] ,%ades ( ! same ,,tone1 b n ( !    
same ,,t9t4 ,rose-col\r & ,crimson may  
be said to be light] & d>k] %ades ( !   
same ,tone4  ,! ^w ,tone is also us$ by 
itself 9 opposition to crudity or       
rawness ( col\r2 & h5ce is te*nically   
descriptive ( ! t]n>y comp\nds1 ( :atev]
 t9t or %ade2 :ile ! prim>y col\rs & !  
b9>y comp\nds1 ,blue1 ,r$ & ,yell[1 &   
,purple1 ,orange & ,gre51 are te*nically
 di/+ui%$ z ,col\r4 ,! light] %ades (   
,tone 9 ?is s5se are te*nically includ$ 
"u ! t]m ,greys2 w>m1 z !y conta9       
,orange2 cool1 z !y conta9 ,purple or   
,gre54 ,t9ts & ,tones are fur!r class$ z
 pure1 z !y approa* purple1 & ^? t9ts   
obs]v$ 9 ,"m ( ,pe>l1 h5ce1 also pe>ly  
t9ts2 w>m or hot z !y approa* ,orange2  
heavy1 & unless !y are exce$+ly         

transp>5t1 muddy1 z !y approa* ,gre54   
,,half-,,t9ts express ^? gradations (   
col\r1 & ,,half-,,lights ^? gradations (
 light1 betwe5 ! greate/ brilliancy & ! 
%ad[s4  ,col\rs are said to be          
,,support$ by o!rs :i* pres5t "s        
resemblance1 b are inf]ior 9 brilliancy2
 z blues by purples1 crimsons by        
r$di%-br[ns1 yell[s by orange3          
--,,contra/$ by ^? :i* are ! mo/        
opposite1 z blues by orange or br[ns1   
r$s by gre51 yell[s by purples3         
--,,balanc$ :5 by opposition !y are s   
neutraliz$ t no "o appe>s pr9cipal or   
pr$om9ant4  ,! au?or ( a rec5t          
publication on ,col\r is q 9 error1 :51 
9 describ+ te*nical t]ms1 he /ates !    
,balance ( ,col\r+ is ! h>mony produc$  
by support+ "o col\r by ano!r introduc$ 
9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! picture1 ei!r ( !    
same col\r1 or "o approa*+ to x4 ,?is is
 ,,spread+ a col\r ,,?r\gh ! picture1 & 
?\gh x may contribute to ! balance (    
col\r+ by contra/+ & neutraliz+ ! o!r   
col\rs 9 ! "w1 x is 9 itself ! v        

opposite ( ! balance ( col\r+1 z x      
consi/s entirely 9 load+ "o side ( !    
beam4 ,to ?is x may be add$ t col\rs are
 said to be ,,support$ by simil> t9ts   
adjac5t1 & ,,e*o$ by !m :5 9 diff]5t    
p>ts ( ! picture4  ,!re are _m o!r      
errors 9 ! book above-m5tion$1 b z ?is  
is n int5d$ to be a controv]sial        
disquisition1 ^? mi/akes only w be      
notic$ :i* might o!rwise lead to        
confusion2 b to ! correction4  ,!       
def9ition ( ,,mell[ness1 z caus$ by ^?  
w>m col\rs :i*1 :5 bl5d$1 produce an    
agreeable tone or hue1 & w\ld !n be said
 to sympa?ize & create h>mony1 is z     
incorrect & indef9ite1 z ! rema9d] ( !  
p>agraph is )\t f\ndation3--,on !       
contr>y1 if1 9 mix+ two or m col\rs1 a  
disagreeable & h>% effect 7 produc$1 !y 
w\ld be said to h an antipa?y1 & create 
rawness--?is adult]ation ( "o col\r by  
ano!r causes :at pa9t]s t]m a ,,muddy   
effect4 ,pa9t]s t]m an effect muddy :5 x
 is dirty 9 col\r & want+ 9 transp>5cy4 
,?is fancy respect+ ! sympa?y & antipa?y

 ( c]ta9 col\rs1 :i* is m di/9ctly      
allud$ to 9 ! foll[+ passage3--:51 to   
produce a p>ticul> t9t1 ! mix+ ( two    
col\rs :i* d n sympa?ize is unavoidable2
 "o or m may be introduc$ ^: sympa?y is 
great]1 t a pleas+ & h>moni\s effect may
 be produc$1 c4--?is is :olly gr\ndless4
 ,h[ ! sympa?y & antipa?y allud$ to are 
suppos$ to act is n v evid5t1 b !y h no 
exi/5ce :atev]4  ,! def9ition ( a       
,,pe>ly ,,hue1 z obta9$ by s(t5+ or     
bl5d+ ! w>m col\rs )\t adult]at+ "o ) ! 
o!r1 is equally liable to objection z   
untrue4  ,! attempt at a philosophical  
acc\nt ( ! cause ( ! col\rs produc$ at  
sunset & sunrise1 has be5 incid5tally   
expos$ 9 ! ?ird *apt] ( ! pres5t "w4    
,?is error und\bt$ly does n orig9ate ) !
 pr(ess$ au?or ( ! publication allud$   
to2 & z ! great] "p ( ! book is         
evid5tly1 ?\gh )\t ackn[l$gm5t1 compil$ 
f ,mr4 ,burnett & o!r writ]s on !       
subject1 ! o!r errors are probably 9 a  
great measure also ! result (           
compilation4     ,,*apt] ,i4  ,,col\r+  

,,z ,a ,,means ,,( ,,art4   ,col\r+ is !
 decorative "p ( ,art4 ,x answ]s to     
,rhy?m & ,rhyme 9 poetry1 z ! means (   
attract+ ! s5ses4 ,z x is a means (     
produc+1 s its indisp5sable             
qualification is1--,,beauty4 ,9 ! high] 
aims ( ,art x %\ld be made subs]vi5t to 
,"* & ,expression1 by accord+ ) ! nature
 ( ! subject2 b1 /ill "u ! limitation & 
regulation ( ^? pr9ciples :i* gov]n     
,pictorial ,effect4 ,"u all             
circum/ances1 & to :atsoev] purposes    
appli$1 ! fir/ qualification ( ,col\r+ z
 a means ( ,art is1 t x %\ld produce a  
,picture4  ,a picture has be5 else:]e   
def9$ z an arrangem5t ( "o or m objects 
& accessories s z to af=d an agreeable  
subject ( ,contemplation4 ,& ! pr9ciples
 :i* regulate ,*i>oscuro & g5]al        
arrangem5t = ?is purpose1 h be5 po9t$   
out4 ,! same pr9ciples mu/ regulate     
,col\r+ z a means ( ,art4  ,! m]e       
repres5tation ( any object1 h[ev]       
accurately detail$ & col\r$1 does n     
con/itute a picture4 ,x mu/ be repres5t$

 ) accessories & "u ,pictorial ,effect4 
,?is z reg>ds ,*i>oscuro has be5 %[n to 
dep5d ^u ,bread?4 ,z reg>ds ,col\r+ x   
dep5ds ^u ,h>mony4   ,,*apt] ,i4        
,,section ,i4  ,,h>mony4  ,h>mony is a  
t]m borr[$ f ! si/] ,art ( ,music1 to   
d5ote a degree ( relation or congruity  
betwe5 two or m col\rs1 s z mutually to 
support or develope ea* o!r's beauties1 
z is ! case ) a *ord or concord ( s\nds4
 ,! degrees ( relation1 or qualification
 = h>mony1 ( s\nds1 c be asc]ta9$ by    
ma!matical calculation incapable (      
errone\s results4 ,n s1 ^? ( ,col\rs2 at
 lea/ 9 ! pres5t /ate ( ! sci5ce (      
,optics4 ,if x %\ld be prov$ t col\rs   
are ! effect ( vibrations ( ! air1 or   
any o!r fluid1 z are s\nds1 ! ,h>mony ( 
,col\rs may equally become ! subject (  
ma!matical calculation1 ) equally c]ta9 
results2 at pres5t we _c g beyond rude  
approximations by guess or supposition2 
& are vaguely plac$ "u ! regulation (   
,ta/e1 itself z ,protean & undef9$4  ,! 
!ory ( ! ?ree or sev5 col\rs be+ all    

equally necess>y to ea* o!r1 :i* has be5
 d]iv$ f ! division ( ! ray ( light by a
 prism1 has be5 suppos$ to af=d !       
relative proportions ( ! v>i\s t9ts     
necess>y to ,h>mony 9 a picture1 because
 exi/+ 9 light2 & fanciful1 b entirely  
unf\nd$1 analogies h be5 drawn by       
en?usia/s betwe5 ! sev5 col\rs & ! sev5 
notes1 & ! ?ree col\rs & ! notes ( !    
common *ord 9 music3 b )\t go+ into ! "q
 ( h[ f> ?is w\ld be likely to assi/ 9  
our pres5t inquiry1 if true1 x may be   
suffici5t to obs]ve t ^! relative       
proportions v>y ) ! sub/ance ( ! prism  
by means ( :i* ! ray ( light is divid$2 
s t ! :ole induction falls to ! gr\nd4  
,b 7 ! proportions always ! same1 !     
induction w\ld be equally unt5able4 ,=1 
?\gh light may be v beautiful2 & !      
,ra9b[ may be v beautiful2 a totally    
diff]5t k9d ( beauty is requir$ = a     
picture4 ,! col\rs ( ! ,ra9b[ may       
p]fectly h>monize2 b x is m ?an d\btful 
:e!r ! p]son ^: :ole picture 0 a        
repres5tation ( a ,ra9b[1 w\ld be       

consid]$ to h produc$ a f9ely col\r$ "w 
( ,art4  ,h>mony1 9 ,pictorial ,col\r1  
does n dep5d ^u any p>ticul>            
proportionate quantities ( ! diff]5t    
t9ts2 nor 9 any p>ticul> disposition or 
arrangem5t ( !m2 b ^u ! qualities & !   
treatm5t ( ! individual col\rs4 ,a      
picture may be pa9t$ ) e v>iety ( ! mo/ 
brilliant col\rs2 or1 on ! o!r h&1 z    
,rembr&t treat$ light1 ! "w may conta9  
only "o small sp>k ( col\r1 ! rema9d]   
be+ made up ( neutral t9ts2 & ev5 !     
small sp>k ( col\r may be disp5s$ )1 & !
 :ole picture be made up ( a v>iety (   
tones4  ,hav+ dwelt s mu* 9 ! ,sket*]'s 
,manual1 ^u ! pr9ciple ( ,bread? be+    
indisp5sable = ! production ( ,pictorial
 ,effect1 x w sc>cely be requisite to   
po9t out t x is equally necess>y t      
,col\rs %\ld be s treat$ z to produce   
,unity2 & t1 z ) lights & %ad[s1 s      
:atev] v>iety ( t9ts may be introduc$   
into a picture1 !y mu/ be s bl5d$ &     
incorporat$ ) ea* o!r1 t !y /ill =m p>ts
 ( a :ole2--t :e!r ! lights be :ite1 & !

 %ad[s black1 or diff]5tly col\r$1 !    
same necessity = graduation rema9s2 s t 
,col\rs mu/ n be 9 flat pat*es4 ,& 9 !  
treatm5t ( ,col\rs1 besides ! graduation
 requisite = ,bread? ( ,*i>oscuro1 x is 
necess>y to pay att5tion to ! peculi>   
quality t]m$ ,,tone1 :i* is indisp5sable
 9 a col\r$ ,"w ( ,art4  ,z well z      
,bread? ( ,*i>oscuro1 !re mu/ be        
,,bread? ,,( ,,tone1 ! fundam5tal       
quality ( ,h>mony4   ,,*apt] ,i4        
,,section ,,ii4  ,,tone4  ,?is is a t]m 
also borr[$ f ! vocabul>y ( ,music1 to  
d5ote a prop]ty or quality ( ,col\r1 !  
opposite ( gaud9ess or h>%ness2 &       
implies a ri*ness or sobriety1 invit+   
quiet contemplation4 ,x conf]s :at is   
te*nically t]m$ repose4 ,x be>s t       
relation to col\rs 9 g5]al1 t ! quality 
( a musical note does to t ( an         
unmusical s\nd or m]e noise4 ,9 ,music1 
?is is kn[n to dep5d ^u ! vibrations ( !
 air be+ iso*ron\s1 or at regul>        
int]vals4 ,%\ld x be discov]$ t ,col\rs 
are also produc$ by vibrations1 ,tone 9 

its pres5t application may prove to     
arise f a simil> regul>ity4  ,tone      
implies a degree ( transp>5cy1 :i* 9    
,oil col\rs is atta9able ) great        
facility1 by a process t]m$ glaz+2 viz4 
pass+ a transp>5t col\r ov] a previ\sly 
prep>$ t9t4 ,!re are also "s o!r        
practical me?ods ( produc+ x1 :i* are m 
advisable 9 c]ta9 cases1 b :i* ne$ n be 
fur!r notic$ "h4 ,9 ,wat] col\rs1 !     
great] numb] ( pigm5ts us$ are          
transp>5t1 & ! legitimate me?od ( us+ !m
 proce$s ^u ! pr9ciple ( work+ entirely 
9 transp>5t m$ia2 :i* has1 at all times1
 excit$ great hopes ) reg>d to t bran* (
 ,art1 z af=d+ a bett] means ?an ,oil   
col\rs 79 :i* ! light t9ts are all      
compos$ ) opaque :ite7 ( produc+ !      
brilliancy & tru? ( ,nature1 9          
comb9ation ) ! transp>5cy 7tone7 :i* is 
requir$ 9 a "w ( ,art4 ,& x is to be    
regrett$1 t 9 "s few1 & ^? popul>       
in/ances1 ?is advantage aris+ out ( !   
legitimate use ( ,wat] col\rs1 %\ld h   
be5 ?r[n away1 )\t obta9+ any equival5t1

 o!r ?an t ( hid+ or correct+ blund]s2 &
 t attempts %\ld h be5 made1 by ! use ( 
opaque body col\rs1 & a simil> me?od (  
work+1 to imitate ! effect ( ,oil pa9t+4
 ,! progress ( ! true art ( ,wat]-col\r 
draw+1 mu/ necess>ily receive a *eck f !
 adoption ( su* a practice1 :i* w       
d\btless be sanction$ by ! idle or !    
hurri$2 & attempts to c>ry out ! orig9al
 prospects & g5u9e advantages ( !       
transp>5t m$ium1 w probably become r>e1 
if !y %\ld n cease entirely4  ,x is true
 t opaque ,wat]-col\rs are suppos$ to h 
an advantage ov] ,oil-col\rs1 9 light & 
brilliant p>ts1 9 consequ5ce ( ! t5d5cy 
( ! ,oil 7! vehicle1 z x is te*nically  
t]m$7 to come to ! surface1 & ?us to    
give a t+e to1 or obscure1 ! pur] t9ts (
 skies & di/ant brilliant objects4 ,on  
?is acc\nt1 !y are said to be us$ by    
,turn] 9 ^! p>ts1 :5 he desires to atta9
 great cle>ness & purity ( col\r4 ,b1   
h[ev]1 ! union ( ,wat]-col\rs ) ,oil may
 be advantage\s = ^! purposes1 & ?us    
,opaque ,wat]-col\rs may receive a      

p>tial sanction2 x _c be d5i$ t1 9 !    
in/ances previ\sly allud$ to1 9 :i* !   
,opaque ,wat]-col\rs are us$ = no o!r   
purpose ?an ! facility ( recov]+        
half-t9ts t _h be5 too mu* obscur$1 !   
only advantage ( ,wat]-col\rs is ab&on$1
 )\t obta9+ ! equival5t ( ri*ness1 aris+
 f texture 9 ,oil2 & ! purity ( ! "o art
 is lo/1 )\t atta9+ ! =ce ( ! o!r4 ,a   
crumbly1 bungl+ appe>ance is produc$1 & 
= no reason1 z ! practice c nev] be     
successfully employ$ 9 ! p>ts or        
objects1 9 :i* ! use ( semi-transp>5t   
col\rs is s invaluable 9 ,oil4 ,& 9     
fact1 ,opacity1 ! rev]se ( :at is       
desir$1 ,tone1 is produc$ by ! v same   
means 9 ,wat]-col\rs1 by :i* transp>5cy 
is atta9$ 9 ,oil4  ,bread? ( ,tone is   
obta9$ by a process t]m$ break+ !       
col\rs1 :i* is ! same ) ! me?od (       
incorporat+ lights ) ea* o!r1 describ$ 9
 ! ,sket*]'s ,manual2 viz4 graduat+ ea* 
t9t into ^? adjac5t1 by :i* means a     
c]ta9 degree ( aff9ity is diffus$       
?r\gh\t ! :ole picture1 & ,h>mony1 or   

,bread? ( ,tone1 is produc$4 ,! same    
results are effect$1 by a process p]haps
 abus$ 9 ! pres5t day1 t]m$ ,glaz+1 :i* 
consi/s 9 pass+ "s transp>5t pigm5t ( ! 
tone desir$1 ov] ! :ole picture1 & ?us  
break+ all ! t9ts 9 ! "w ) ! same col\r 
:i* produces ! aff9ity requir$4         
,,*apt] ,,ii4  ,,rules ,,= ,,produc+    
,,pictures ,,9 ,,col\r4   ,al?\gh       
,h>mony or ,pictorial ,col\r+ does n    
dep5d ^u any p>ticul> quantities or     
arrangem5t ( p>ticul> t9ts1 z ! slighte/
 consid]ation ( ! inf9ite v>iety (      
,pictures t h be5 produc$ w prove2 c]ta9
 quantities & arrangem5ts ( c]ta9       
col\rs1 h be5 f\nd to effect x4  ,^!    
discov]ies h be5 made f "t to "t1 & h   
ea* be5 adopt$ z pr9ciples by diff]5t   
arti/s2 & ?\gh admitt+ ( consid]able    
v>iation 9 details1 _! effects h be5 s  
evid5tly di/+ui%$ by ! public z uni=m 9 
g5]al aspect1 t !y h be5 rang$ 9 classes
 or s*ools1 to "o ( :i* any individual  
"w is in/antly ref]r$1 by ^? :o h ev5 a 
slight acqua9tance ) ! ,art4  ,by writ]s

 ^u ,art x has be5 v g5]ally cont5d$1 t 
!re mu/ be a balance ( w>m & cold       
col\rs4 ,a little consid]ation w %[1 t  
?is1 z well z all re/rictive            
regulations1 su* z t blue mu/ n come 9 !
 front ( ! picture1 c4 are unf\nd$1 or  
ne>ly ! :ole ( ! ,dut* s*ool ( l&scape &
 int]iors mu/ be condemn$ z want+ 9     
,h>mony1 or bad col\ri/s2 = ,ruysdael & 
,hobbima1 ,t5i]s & ,o/ade1 seem to h _h 
a horror ( w>m col\rs1 :ile1 on ! o!r   
h&1 ,cuyp & ,bo? seem to h _h an equal  
dread ( cool t9ts4 ,t a balance ( w>m & 
cold col\r is "o pr9ciple by :i*        
,pictorial ,h>mony may be obta9$1 is    
p]fectly true2 & t !re are v>i\s means (
 balanc+ !m is also true2 :i* af=ds     
num]\s v>ieties ( /yle or "* ( pictures4
 ,& t ! pr9ciple d$uc$ by ,sir ,jo%ua   
,reynolds f ! ,v5etian s*ool1 t "o-?ird 
( ! picture %\ld 7may7 be cool1 & !     
rema9+ two-?irds w>m1 is also j2 & w be 
productive ( beautiful results4 ,! error
 consi/s 9 mak+ ^! relative proportions 
indisp5sable to ,h>mony4  ,?is *apt] w  

conta9 su* pr9ciples z h be5 f\nd to    
ensure ,h>mony4 ,!re may1 p]haps1 be _m 
o!rs 9 /ore = future discov]y4  ,^!     
pr9ciples are ( univ]sal application1   
:atev] objects may be ! subject ( !     
draw+ or picture1 :e!r l&scape1 figures1
 animals1 fl[]s1 or altoge!r2 & !y are  
:olly indep5d5t ( ,poetical or ,dramatic
 col\r+1--! application ( col\r to      
,expression & ,"*1--& ( ! col\r+ (      
individual objects4  ,! art (           
composition1 9 reg>d to col\r1 consi/s 9
 arrang+ objects 9 su* a mann]1 t _!    
true col\r+ w produce ! comb9ation      
requir$ by ! pr9ciple adopt$4 ,! art (  
too _m ( ! arti/s ( ! pres5t day1       
consi/s 9 introduc+ ! col\rs requir$1   
)\t any ref]5ce to _! be+ f\nd 9 nature 
or n4  ,illu/ration3 ,,cuyp',s          
,,pr9ciple   ,,*apt] ,,ii4  ,,section   
,i4  ,,cuyp',s ,,pr9ciple4  ,! simple/  
arrangem5t & treatm5t ( ,col\rs w be    
f\nd 9 ! /yle ( ,cuyp & ,bo?2 objects 9 
%ad[ are reliev$ aga9/ a w>m sunny sky4 
,= ! reasons giv5 9 ! ,sket*]'s ,manual1

 ) reg>d to ,progressive ,execution1 ^! 
are ! be/ adapt$ to beg9n]s2 objects 9  
%ad[ d n pres5t mu* v>iety ( t9t4  ,!   
:ole aspect or g5]al tone ( ! picture is
 w>m4 ,! %ad[s are cool] ?an ! lights1 b
 v f> f cold2 be+ ( a ,sepia br[n1 &    
sometimes w>m]1 ) "s cool reflections f 
! air4 ,! sky is g5tly graduat$ f a ri* 
yell[ to ! mo/ delicate w>m grey4 ,!    
middle gr\nd af=ds "s blacki%-gre5      
half-t9ts or %ad[s2 & "s gold5 lights   
are introduc$ 9 front4  ,cuyp treat$    
figures1 animals1 & boats 9 ?is way4 ,! 
po9ts requir+ att5tion & c>e are1 fir/1 
! tone ( ! sky & yell[ lights1 :i* mu/  
be obta9$ f yell[ & ,roman o*res2 ! sky 
%\ld h a creamy quality ( col\r2 & :at  
little grey is introduc$1 mu/ be ,cobalt
 ,blue1 or ,ultram>9e ) ,c>m9e1 or      
,lake1 s z to prev5t ! slighte/         
appe>ance ( gre52 secondly1 ! masses (  
%ad[ mu/ be ( agreeable %ape & mu/ n be 
too d>k4 ,plate4  ,illu/ration3 ,,bo?',s
 ,,pr9ciple   ,,*apt] ,,ii4  ,,section  
,,ii4  ,,bo?',s ,,pr9ciple4  ,! /yle (  

,bo? is only a slight v>iation f t (    
,cuyp4 ,he adopt$ a diff]5t "* (        
subject1 usually contriv+ to relieve a  
mass ( rock or bank1 & a tree ) delicate
 foliage aga9/ ! sky2 & he increas$ !   
w>m? ( ! g5]al aspect ( ! picture1 by   
mak+ ! tree & "p ( ano!r light bank1 ( !
 ri* br[n af=d$ by burnt ,t]ra de       
,si5na1 & by introduc+ "s r$ cl\ds 9 !  
sky4 ,9 "s in/ances ,bo? has n escap$ ! 
dang]s t pres5t ! difficulty to 8       
foll[]s2 ! tone ( ^! pictures appe>s    
hot1 & !reby a vulg>ity is occasion$1 & 
t ref9em5t :i* is requir$ by ,ta/e 9 !  
,f9e ,arts1 is de/roy$4 ,plate4         
,illu/ration3 ,,ruysdael',s ,,&         
,,hobbima',s ,,pr9ciple   ,,*apt] ,,ii4 
,,section ,,iii4  ,,hobbima ,,&         
,,ruysdael',s ,,pr9ciples4  ,^! ma/]s h 
adopt$ a /yle :i*1 ?\gh app>5tly z      
opposite to t ( ,cuyp & ,bo? z cold is  
to w>m1 resembles x 9 ?is respect--!y   
r>ely1 if ev]1 admit positive col\rs 9  
=ce1 & ?us (f] ano!r simple pr9ciple = !
 treatm5t & arrangem5t ( t9ts4  ,9      

,hobbima & ,ruysdael1 :o pa9t$ l&scapes1
 d>k br[ni% masses are reliev$ aga9/ a  
cl\dy grey sky1 & "s :ite or grey light 
is introduc$ 9 front to c>ry ! col\r ( !
 sky ?r\gh ! "w4 ,! g5]al aspect ( !    
picture is cold4 ,:at little w>m? ( tone
 may be admitt$1 is to be f\nd 9 ! c5tre
 ( ! %ad[s2 & ! only approximation to   
positive col\r1 is 9 ! sky1 a little    
cold feeble blue1 obta9$ 9 wat]-col\rs f
 ,indigo2 & a small portion ( a deep]   
%ade ( ! same tone ( blue on m\nta9s or 
trees 9 %ad[ 9 ! di/ance2 or a little   
cold gre5 9 ! middle gr\nd4 ,if ev] any 
r$ be introduc$1 x mu/ be a m]e speck ( 
v]milion %ad$ ) grey1 to give value by  
contra/ to ! neutral tones1 :i* make up 
! pr9ciple "p ( ! picture4 ,plate4      
,illu/ration3 ,,o/ade',s ,,pr9ciple     
,,*apt] ,,ii4  ,,section ,,iv4  ,,t5i]s 
,,& ,,o/ade',s ,,pr9ciples4  ,t5i]s &   
,o/ade h treat$ homely int]iors ^u !    
same pr9ciple1 mak+ up ! great] "p ( !  
picture ) br[ni% grey tones1 & introduc+
 9 ! light1 "s v feeble spots ( ! prim>y

 col\rs1 c>efully %ad$ ) grey1 to       
assimilate !m ) ! g5]al aspect ( ! "w4  
,:at little w>m? is admitt$1 is f\nd 9 !
 %ad[s & reflections1 z 9 ! productions 
( ,ruysdael & ,hobbima4 ,b ! lights af=d
 a great] purity ( tone2 s t :ile !     
works ( ,ruysdael & ,hobbima w\ld be    
said to h a grey tone1 ,t5i]s1 &        
p>ticul>ly ,o/ade1 are said to h a      
silv]y tone4 ,plate4  ,illu/ration3     
,,pr9ciple ,,( ,,titian ,,& ,,!         
,,v5etian ,,s*ool   ,,*apt] ,,ii4       
,,section ,v4  ,,! ,,pr9ciples ,,(      
,,titian ,,& ,,! ,,v5etian ,,s*ool4  ,! 
,v5etian ,s*ool1 f\nd$ by ,titian1      
adopt$ a comb9ation ( ri* w>m br[ns1    
yell[s1 & gre5s1 support$ by crimsons1  
all deep 9 tone1 ov]spread+ two-?irds ( 
! picture1 oppos$ by v ri*1 almo/ w>m1  
blues1 & animat$ by a po9t ( :ite1      
sometimes accompani$ by black 9 ! front 
( ! subject4 ,no viol5t contra/s are    
admitt$1 no crude col\rs4 ,! :ite is    
ton$ d[n to assimilate ) fle% t9ts1 :i* 
are aga9 ton$ to accord ) gold5 lights1 

gradually deep5+ into yell[i% br[ns1 &  
em]g+ ?r\gh w>m gre5s to jo9 ! blues1   
:i* are kept 9 *eck by ! opposition 9 "s
 places to ri* r$di% br[ns ( ! same     
relative %ade1 s t "o %all n be d>k] ?an
 ! o!r2 ! blue is graduat$ z x approa*es
 ! :ite1 into :i* x is bl5d$ by !       
int]position ( fle%y-col\r$ t9ts4 ,!    
:ole aspect ( ! picture is ri* & w>m1 b 
subdu$4 ,! lights are gold5 & ! %ad[s   
br[n1 ) j s mu* cool gre51 :ite1 & blue1
 z %all prev5t ! picture appe>+ ru/y4 ,b
 ?\gh ^! t9ts are call$ cool1 because !y
 are cool] ?an ! re/ ( ! "w1 z 9 ! /yle 
( ,cuyp & ,bo?1 !y mu/ n be cold2 b     
above all x is requisite to take c>e t  
!y are n crude4 ,:ite mu/ be ton$ )     
yell[ or r$2 blue mu/ incl9e to purple2 
& if black be introduc$1 x mu/ n be blue
 black4 ,plate4  ,illu/ration3          
,,ludovico ,,c>acci',s ,,pr9ciple       
,,*apt] ,,ii4  ,,section ,,vi4          
,,ludovico ,,c>acci',s ,,pr9ciple4      
,ludovico ,c>acci foll[$ ! ,v5etian     
s*ool1 b subdu$ ! col\rs ( ! :ole       

picture1 to :at ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds   
calls a cloi/]$ tone1 ! effect ( a dim  
religi\s light1 ?r\gh /ori$ pane4 ,nei!r
 :ite nor black are admitt$3 ! deepe/   
%ad[s d n desc5d bel[ a ri* br[n2 !     
brighte/ lights d n rise above a creamy 
yell[4 ,! blue is no long] oppos$ to a  
br[n ( ! same relative %ade1 b is       
introduc$ 9 ! half-lights1 & c>efully   
bl5d$ into ! %ad[s1 by means ( w>m      
reflections1 & ! int]position ( r$di%   
purple %ad[s4 ,! ,*i>oscuro is broad] & 
m tranquil ?an 9 ! works ( ! ,v5etian   
s*ool4 ,plate4  ,illu/ration3 ,,ano!r   
,,pr9ciple ,,( ,,titian   ,,*apt] ,,ii4 
,,section ,,vii4  ,,ano!r ,,pr9ciple ,,(
 ,,titian4  ,titian has adopt$ ano!r    
pr9ciple 9 ! pa9t$ ceil+ ( ! ,hall (    
,judgm5t1 9 ! ,ducal palace at ,v5ice4  
,pure greys are int]sp]s$ among/ masses 
( bright crimson1 :i* are oppos$ to "s  
pure :ite & blue1 brok5 by fle% t9ts4 ,!
 r$s & greys are support$ by "s w>m     
yell[s1 & ! :ole assimilat$ by ri* br[n 
%ad[s4 ,! contra/s ( col\r & ,*i>oscuro 

are vivid1 & require c>e 9 ! %apes1 z   
well z ! situations ( ! masses & po9ts (
 relief4 ,plate4  ,?is pr9ciple ( col\r+
 is applicable to gorge\s hi/orical     
subjects1 portraits1 & fl[]s4 ,sir      
,?omas ,lawr5ce frequ5tly adopt$ x ) a  
slight v>iation1 result+ f ! comb9ation 
( "s portion ( ! foll[+ pr9ciple :i* 0  
develop$ by ,rub5s4  ,illu/ration3      
,,rub5',s ,,pr9ciple   ,,*apt] ,,ii4    
,,section ,,viii4  ,,rub5s' ,,pr9ciple4 
,rub5s is ! f\nd] ( ano!r s*ool 9 :i* ! 
mo/ viol5t contra/s ( col\r & ,*i>oscuro
 are admitt$ 9 ! focus ( ! picture4 ,!  
deepe/ black1 support$ by ri* yell[s1   
crimsons1 & blues1 is oppos$ to !       
brighte/ v]milion1 sometimes height5$ ) 
gold1 & ! pure/ :ite1 :i* is graduat$   
?r\gh e v>iety ( pe>ly t9t into bright  
blues1 int]sp]s$ ) purply greys1 creamy 
& fle%y half-t9ts4  ,great simplicity ( 
,*i>oscuro is requisite 9 ?is /yle (    
col\r+4 ,bo? ! :ite & ! black mu/       
graduate un9t]rupt$ly into !            
half-lights1 :i* =m ! great] "p ( !     

picture4 ,! crimsons1 blues1 & yell[s1 t
 support ! black1 mu/ all p>take ( !    
same tone4 ,! v]milion mu/ graduate into
 purply t9ts1 :i* w em]ge ?r\gh greys & 
gre5s to ! bright blue4 ,plate4         
,illu/ration3 ,,turn]',s ,,pr9ciple     
,,*apt] ,,ii4  ,,section ,,ix4          
,,turn]',s ,,pr9ciple4  ,turn] has      
controv]t$ ! old doctr9e ( a balance (  
col\rs1 by %[+ t a picture may be made  
up ( delicately graduat$ blues & :ite1  
support$ by pale cool gre51 & enliv5$ by
 a po9t ( ri* br[ni% crimson4 ,x        
requires "s c>e 9 ! graduation & %apes (
 ! masses ( blue & :ite1 & 9 ! situation
 ( ! po9t ( col\r4 ,plate4              
,illu/ration3 ,,ano!r ,,pr9ciple ,,(    
,,turn]   ,,*apt] ,,ii4  ,,section ,x4  
,,ano!r ,,pr9ciple ,,( ,,turn]4  ,ano!r 
pr9ciple adopt$ by ,turn] is1 to contra/
 ri* autumnal yell[s 9 ! =egr\nd1 ) a   
brilliant ,italian blue sky1 graduat$   
?r\gh a s]ies ( exquisitely delicate    
pe>ly t9ts1 to meet ! cool] gre5 t9ts ( 
! middle gr\nd4 ,! w>m col\rs 9 !       

=egr\nd are qualifi$ by purply          
half-t9ts1 & support$ by w>m %ad[s & "s 
ri* crimsons2 or sometimes r$uc$ to     
comp>ative sobriety by ! opposition ( ! 
brighte/ orange & :ite4 ,plate4         
,illu/ration3 ,,mod]n ,,mann]   ,,*apt] 
,,ii4  ,,section ,,xi4  ,,mod]n ,,mann]4
  ,a v fav\rite mann] ( ! pres5t day is 
p>tially to relieve a t[]1 /eeple1      
spire1 or "s upright object1 r5d]$ ( a  
purple col\r1 aga9/ a :ite cl\d :i* is  
graduat$ ) purply greys1 creamy & fle%y 
t9ts1 & oppos$ to "s bright pat*es (    
blue2 ! l[] "p ( ! build+ or object is  
graduat$ ?r\gh cool gre5s or greys1 into
 "s w>m] yell[s or br[ns 9 ! =egr\nd1   
:i* are int]sp]s$ ) po9ts ( bright      
col\rs1 su* z ,cobalt blue1 ,v]milion1  
,lake1 & sometimes :ite & black1 b      
always introduc+ 9 front "s dull r$1 z (
 bricks or tiles1 contra/$ ) fre% greys4
 ,plate4   ,,*apt] ,,ii4  ,,section     
,,xii4  ,,ab/ract ,,pr9ciples ,,to ,,:i*
 ,,^! ,,arrangem5ts ,,may ,,be ,,ref]r$4
  ,^! sev]al /yles ( col\r+ may be r$uc$

 to c]ta9 ab/ract pr9ciples1 :i* may be 
made ! f\ndation = o!r & diff]5t        
arrangem5ts1 z ! ta/e & tal5t ( ! arti/ 
or amateur may dictate4  ,pictures may  
be made up ( a balance1 or h>monic      
arrangem5t ( ,,tones4  ,or1 ( a balance1
 or h>monic arrangem5t ( ,,col\rs4  ,or1
 ( a balance1 or h>monic arrangem5t (   
,,tones & ,,col\rs4  ,or1 by reliev+ a  
,,sp>k ( ,,col\r aga9/ a mass ( ,,tones4
  ,or1 by reliev+ a spot ( black or     
:ite1 ! conc5tration ( ,,tones1 aga9/ a 
g5]al aspect ( ,,col\rs4  ,pictures may 
be w>m 9 tone1 qualifi$ by s mu* cool   
t9t z w prev5t _! appe>+ hot4  ,or cool1
 ) s mu* w>m t9t z w prev5t _! appe>+   
cold4  ,a small sp>k ( bright col\r w   
balance a l>ge mass ( subdu$ t9t4 ,equal
 brightness w require equal masses4  ,= 
! pr9ciples by :i* ! %apes & situations 
( masses & po9ts mu/ be gov]n$1 ! read] 
is ref]r$ to ! ,sket*]'s ,manual1 :]e !y
 w be f\nd at l5g?1 & c>efully          
illu/rat$4 ,! same regulations t gov]n !
 di/ribution ( sev]al lights or %ad[s1  

mu/ guide ! positions ( sev]al masses ( 
! same col\r4 ,if two or m are          
introduc$1 !y mu/ n be equal 9 size1 nor
 simil> 9 %ape1 nor mu/ !y be s plac$1 t
 a l9e drawn ?r\gh !m1 w\ld be ei!r     
horizontal or v]tical--p>allel ) ei!r   
base or side4 ,! great pr9ciple ( col\r+
 be+ ,v>iety )9 ! limits ( ,h>mony1 su* 
masses ( simil> t9ts %\ld be ( diff]5t  
sizes & %apes1 & %\ld be int]sp]s$ at   
diff]5t di/ances ?r\gh ! picture1 s z to
 sugge/ an undulat+ l9e1 trav]s+ all1 or
 at lea/ ?ree1 ( ! f\r qu>t]s ( !       
picture1 t all ! p>ticul> col\r %all n  
be on "o side1 & none on ! o!r1 nor all 
at ! l[]1 & none 9 ! upp] half ( !      
picture4 ,b if ! arrangem5t ( reliev+ a 
sp>k ( col\r aga9/ a mass ( tones1 or ! 
rev]se be adopt$1 x mu/ n be plac$ 9 !  
c5tre ( ! picture1 nor equidi/ant f ei!r
 top & base1 or ! two sides4  ,) reg>d  
to ! beauty ( individual t9ts1 x w\ld be
 difficult to come to any v /rict       
def9ition1 z :at is pleas+ to "o p]son1 
is n s to ano!r2 & p>ticul>ly 9 ref]5ce 

to ! use ( col\rs 9 ,art1 = !y !n become
 s dep5d5t ^u ! o!r t9ts by :i* !y are  
surr\nd$1 t !y may be said to cease to h
 positive designations1 & to become only
 comp>ative2 & !re is sc>cely any t9t1  
h[ev] disagreeable 9 itself1 b may be   
made by ,art to appe> agreeable1 if n   
beautiful4 ,b ! object ( ! pres5t "w be+
 to collect ! c]ta9 or decid$ pr9ciples 
( ,art1 = ! b5efit ( ^? :o desire to    
d]ive pleasure or amusem5t f x1 !       
d\btful or que/ionable hypo!ses w be    
left unt\*$1 & ^? po9ts only br\ght =w>d
 :i* are calculat$ to ensure success4   
,= ?is purpose1 ! amateur %\ld avoid    
gre5i% blues & gre5i% yell[s2 !y bo?    
appe> sickly3 & nev] place su* a gre5   
betwe5 blue & yell[ z w\ld result f !   
mixture ( ! p>ticul> t9ts ( ^? two      
col\rs :i* are made use (4  ,bo? blue & 
yell[ become agreeable z !y incl9e to   
r$4 ,r$ becomes ri* z x incl9es to blue1
 brilliant z x incl9es to yell[4 ,all   
%ades & tones ( purple or orange are    
agreeable2 b ( gre5s1 ^? only :i* incl9e

 to yell[4 ,bluei% gre5s require ei!r to
 be v pale1 z %[n 9 ,turn]'s fir/       
pr9ciple 7,see ,plate71 or mod]at$ )    
black1 s z almo/ to cease to be col\rs1 
& become tones4 ,all %ades & t9ts ( !   
t]ti>y comp\nds are agreeable 9 _!      
places2 !y receive value by ! opposition
 ( ! col\r :i* ent]s lea/ into _!       
composition1 & become difficult to      
manage only :5 !y approa* full bluei%   
gre54  ,:ite & black give value to all  
col\rs & tones4  ,x may be necess>y to  
make an obs]vation ^u ! =ego+ w>n+1 &   
almo/ proscription1 ( ! use ( gre5 9    
,art1 z t col\r is f\nd to be exce$+ly  
agreeable 9 ,nature1 & is us$ ) success 
9 manufactures1 & = o!r g5]al purposes4 
,x is f\nd to af=d great relief to weak 
sight1 & is ab/ract$ly s mu* admir$1 t x
 appe>s s+ul> & p>adoxical to say1 t    
gre5 mu/ be sp>+ly us$ 9 pictures1 ev5 9
 l&scapes1 ^: greate/ *>m 9 nature      
consi/ ( luxuriance ( vegetation3 b su* 
is ! case4 ,! g5]al tone ( a picture may
 be yell[1 z 9 ! works ( ,cuyp1 ,bo?1   

,ludovico ,c>acci 7see ,plates72 r$1 z 9
 ! second pr9ciple ( ,titian 7see       
,plate72 blue1 z 9 ! fir/ pr9ciple (    
,turn] 7see ,plates72 grey or br[n1 z 9 
! works ( ,ruysdael & ! ,dut* ,s*ool    
7see ,plates72 b a gre5 picture1 h[ev]  
true to nature1 in/antly excites an     
univ]sal outcry z be+ disagreeable2 & if
 any ( ! mod]n s*ool1 to :i* we %all    
pres5tly adv]t1 h be5 = a mom5t tol]at$1
 x has aris5 f ! previ\s great          
reputation ( ! arti/1 or = o!r m]its 9 !
 "w1 & 9 spite ( its be+ a gre5 picture4
  ,! foll[+ hypo!sis may be ! mode (    
acc\nt+ = ?is p>adox1 &1 at ! same "t1  
may ?r[ "s light ^u ano!r1 :i* w be     
notic$2 t al?\gh pa9t+ is an imitative  
art1 imitation1 to ! ext5t ( deception1 
does n con/itute its highe/ excell5ce4  
,! eye is excit$ by ,col\r1 & ! object (
 pa9t+1 indep5d5t ( poetical expression 
or "*1 is to excite ! eye agreeably4 ,b 
gre5 is f\nd to excite ! eye less ?an   
any o!r t9t1 7!reby af=d+ "s            
corroboration to ! idea t1 /rictly      

speak+1 its opposite r$1 is ! only true 
col\r17 n ev5 except+ black2 s t x acts 
z an opiate1 & is us$ = c\nt]act+ !     
brightness ( ! sun1 by means ( p>asols  
or glasses1 & to gu>d weak eyes f !     
effects ( light by means ( silk %ades4  
,x is ?r[n out z a sugge/ion t1 9 look+ 
at a picture 9 :i* excitem5t to ! degree
 ( pleasure is expect$1 a disappo9tm5t  
may arise f f9d+ a preval5ce ( ^? t9ts  
:i* d n excite1 except to a v slight    
ext5t1 & t ?us a gre5 picture may       
occasion dissatisfaction4 ,9 look+ at   
,nature we d n wi% to be always excit$1 
& gre5 is admir$ or valu$ z af=d+       
repose2 b 9 look+ at a picture1 ! v     
object is excitem5t1 )9 c]ta9 limits1   
:i* gre5 has a t5d5cy to de/roy4  ,c]ta9
 t9ts ( gre5 become disagreeable 9 c]ta9
 p>ts ( pictures1 f association ( ideas4
 ,gre5 9 fle%1 excites ! idea (         
corruption & decay4 ,gre5 9 skies1      
occasion$ by bl5d+ ! w>m yell[s ( sunset
 ) ! blue1 excite ! impression ( want ( 
skill to prev5t ! "o t9t runn+ into !   

o!r4  ,b 9 res]vation x mu/ be repeat$1 
t !re is no t9t t _c be controll$ & made
 available1 by great skill & managem5t1 
to ! purposes ( ,art4 ,^! w>n+s are =   
beg9n]s & amateurs2 & ! "w is int5d$ to 
%[ !m :at !y may d ) safety2 z !y atta9 
pr(ici5cy1 !y may attempt difficulties1 
:i* pr9cipally reside 9 tru? ( detail 9 
comb9ation ) agreeable g5]al effect4 ,:5
 to ?is is add$ a j subs]vi5ce to       
,poetical ,"*1 ! greate/ requisitions ( 
! ,art h be5 compli$ )2 all o!r         
difficulties1 ( :atev] nature1 be+ m]ely
 a species ( m\ntebank trick]y1 b5ea? ! 
aim ( high ,art1 & des]v+ ( ! well-kn[n 
s>casm ( ,dr4 ,johnson ^u "s difficult  
music1 t he wi%$ x 7 impossible4        
,,*apt] ,,iii4  ,,f9e ,,col\r+4   ,hav+ 
%[n 9 ! prec$+ *apt]s c]ta9 pr9ciples ^u
 :i* ,pictorial arrangem5ts ( ,col\rs   
may be ensur$1 ! att5tion ( ! read] mu/ 
be direct$ to :at o!r qualities are     
requisite to con/itute ,f9e ,col\r+4    
,f9e ,col\r+ mu/ n be conf\nd$ ) ,f9e   
,col\rs4 ,"s ( ! ,f9e/ ,col\ri/s h      

avoid$ ,f9e ,col\rs1 & ,sir ,jo%ua      
,reynolds adduces z a pro( t ,apelles 0 
a ,f9e ,col\ri/1 ! /atem5t by ,pl9y1 t1 
aft] he _h f9i%$ 8 pictures1 he pass$ an
 atram5tum1 or blackness1 ov] ! :ole (  
!m4  ,nor is tru? ( imitation suffici5t 
( itself to con/itute ,f9e ,col\r+1 ?\gh
 x always conf]s a value on a "w ( ,art4
  ,f9e ,col\r+1 9 ! high] walks ( ,art1 
implies an adaptation ( ! g5]al aspect  
or /yle ( col\r+ to ! expression & "* ( 
! subject2 x !n acquires ! title (      
,poetical ,col\r+1 :i* is its highe/    
comm5dation z a means ( ,art4  ,b1      
indep5d5t ( subject1 !re are o!r ab/ract
 qualifications ( ,f9e ,col\r+ to be    
s\ght =1 9 ! repres5tation ( objects4 ,x
 n only requires su* an arrangem5t (    
t9ts & tones z %all produce an agreeable
 :ole1 b desc5ds to m9utiae1 & dem&s t  
su* t9ts & tones1 %all be obta9$ by a   
degree ( ref9em5t or idealization1 )9   
probability1 ( ! ord9>y appe>ances (    
,nature1 or by a selection ( ! greate/  
beauties %e displays1 & su* a comb9ation

 ( !m z %all contribute to convey ! mo/ 
pleas+ impressions1 & pres5t h] "u ! mo/
 attractive aspect4   ,,*apt] ,,iii4    
,,section ,i4  ,,pr9ciples ,,( ,,col\r+ 
,,objects4  ,proce$+ to consid] ,col\r+ 
indep5d5tly ( ,"* or ,expression1 to :i*
 x %\ld be subs]vi5t 9 ! high] walks (  
,art1 ! att5tion ( ! read] mu/ be       
direct$ to a circum/ance connect$ ) tru?
 ( repres5tation4  ,x has commonly be5 !
 practice1 "u ! almo/ univ]sal sanction 
( great au?orities1 to place ! /ud5t :o 
may be desir\s ( acquir+ ! ,art (       
,pa9t+1 be=e "s object1 & to direct him 
to copy :at he sees4 ,b :at does he see8
  ,we ne$ n g into ! "q ( h[ impressions
 are produc$ ^u ! m9d1 ?r\gh ! m$ium ( !
 eye2 :e!r a species ( picture ( !      
object be1 dur+ ! inspection1 z x 7     
pa9t$ ^u ! ret9a2 & :e!r t be inv]t$ or 
anywise diff]5t f ! real object2 or     
:e!r1 & to :at ext5t1 association       
rectifies ! imp]fections ( our sight4   
,^!1 & o!r inve/igations into !         
philosophical & physical nature (       

vision1 may be left to ! consid]ation ( 
^? :o desire to acc\nt = p>ticul> facts2
 we h to d ) ! facts !mselves4  ,9      
:atev] mann] ! effect may be produc$1 x 
is indisputable1 t a c]ta9 & di/9ct     
impression is produc$ ^u ! m9d1 ?r\gh ! 
m$ium ( ! eye1 by e object :i* may be   
be=e x1 & t impression has a /rict      
relation to ! real "* ( ! object2 =     
in/ance1 a m>ble /atue1 x appe>s1 or an 
impression is convey$ (1 an object ( "o 
unv>i$ t9t4 ,h[ ?is impression is       
convey$1 is ( no consequ5ce2 x is       
convey$2 & a s]ies ( t9ts may be        
artificially arrang$ ^u pap] 7or any o!r
 conv5i5t mat]ial71 s z also1 if n      
equally1 to convey to ! m9d ! impression
 ( a m>ble /atue ( uni=m :it5ess4 ,b ^u 
exam9ation ( ! draw+ or pa9t+1 x w\ld be
 se51 t sc>cely any two p>ts ( !        
repres5tation ( ! /atue 7 ( exactly !   
same t9t4 ,"s p>ts w\ld be delicately   
graduat$ f a po9t ( light1 ?r\gh a s]ies
 ( d>k] t9ts1 to give ! appe>ance (     
r\ndness2 :ile o!rs w\ld be made ne>ly  

black by %ad[1 to give ! appe>ance (    
projection4 ,! pres5t enquiry has       
ref]5ce solely to ,col\rs1 b ! same     
difficulties occur ) reg>d to =ms4  ,"h 
!re is a discrepancy1 occasion$ by      
,association1 :i* we %all sc>cely f9d   
language to expla91 b :i* w 9 mo/ cases 
prove ( s]i\s p]plexity to ! /ud5t2 =   
!re are "s o!r p]sons l ,que5 ,elizabe?1
 :o h no idea ( %ad[1 unless x be ! %ad[
 ( a p>asol or tree1 "u :i* !y may      
escape ! int5sity ( a noon-day sun4 ,!  
/atue w appe>1 or an impression w be    
convey$ to ! m9d1 ( uni=m :it5ess4 ,b   
pictorially speak+1 "o spot only1 t :i* 
reflects ! greate/ light1 w appe> q     
:ite4 ,all ! o!r p>ts w appe>1 t is1 to 
convey ! impression1 !y mu/ be made1 (  
an inf9ite v>iety ( t9ts1 f ! brighte/  
light to ! deepe/ %ad[4 ,! /atue is     
actually uni=mly :ite1 & x appe>s       
uni=mly :ite1 yet ! appe>ance or        
repres5tation :i* mu/ be put ^u pap]1 to
 convey an impression ( t appe>ance by  
draw+ or pa9t+1 is totally opposite1 be+

 an inf9ite v>iety ( t9ts4  ,b 9 a      
/atue1 by reason ( its convexity1 !     
second species ( appe>ance1 !           
,pictorial1 is mu* m readily appreciat$1
 f ! /rong opposition ( light & %ad[1   
?an 9 a flat surface1--a ceil+1 a       
pavem5t1 or mead[1 9 :i* ! p]ception ( !
 modifications ( col\r1 aris+ f :at is  
t]m$ a]ial p]spective1 is consid]ably   
influ5c$1 by ! ,association above       
m5tion$1 until ! eye has become educat$ 
to obs]ve ^! m9ute & delicate gradations
 ( t9t4 ,?us1 9 look+ at a mead[1 we "k 
! grass to be g5]ally ( ! same col\r    
?r\gh\t1 & to an un$ucat$ eye x appe>s  
equally gre5 f "o end to ! o!r3 or !    
ceil+ ( a well light$ room1 we "k x to  
be ( "o col\r ?r\gh\t1 & x appe>s ( "o  
ev5 t9t f ! ne>e/ to ! mo/ di/ant       
extremity2 yet pictorially speak+1 x    
appe>s ( an inf9ite v>iety ( t9ts1 = !  
effect ( ! atmosph]e is su* z to rob !  
grass ( its col\r1 & to make ! :ite     
ceil+ grey1 z !y rec$e f ! eye4  ,x w   
sc>cely be necess>y to gu>d aga9/       

misconception z to ! use ( ! t]ms       
describ+ ! effect ( ! atmosph]e1 by     
expla9+ t x is n int5d$ to ass]t t an   
actual *ange takes place1 or t !re is   
any actual diff]5ce 9 ! col\r ( ^? p>ts 
( objects :i* are at a di/ance f ! eye2 
or1 t ! col\r 9 ! di/ance does n appe>  
to be1 z we "k x is1 ! same ) t ne>e/ ! 
eye2 b t ! effect ( di/ance is !        
pictorial appe>ance ( a modification (  
t9t1 by ! int]position ( ! atmosph]e1   
p]ceptible only to an educat$ eye4  ,we 
"k ! grass to be equally gre5 ?r\gh\t1 &
 x appe>s ( ! t9ts :i* convey t         
impression2 :ile ,association conceals !
 modification occasion$ by !            
int]position ( ! atmosph]e 7:i* !       
g5]ality ( obs]v]s consid] z only air1 &
 ( no consequ5ce71 & excites ! notion t 
! mead[ appe>s ( "o equal flat t9t4 ,b !
 di/ant extremity ( ! mead[ is se5 ?r\gh
 m or less atmosph]e1 :i* is m or less  
d5se2 & 9 proportion to its d5sity w !  
col\r ( ! grass be app>5tly alt]$ or    
*ang$ !reby2 & 9 "s in/ances1 z 9 case (

 a fog1 entirely conceal$4  ,9 look+ at 
any object ?r\gh a p]fectly transp>5t   
m$ium1 su* z plate glass1 we d n p]ceive
 any alt]ation 9 ! real col\rs4 ,b :5 ! 
m$ium is n p]fectly transp>5t1 :i* is ! 
case ) ! atmosph]e1 ! col\rs ( all      
objects se5 ?r\gh x are modifi$ or t+$ 9
 proportion to its d5sity1 until !y are 
sometimes lo/ or absorb$ 9 ! t9t ( !    
m$ium4  ,! slighte/ possible col\rless  
opacity gives a m$ium approa*+ to a     
:iti% film1 :i* is v evid5t :5 !re is   
light beh9d x2 z 9 ! case ( ! beams ( ! 
moon4 ,?is is ! cle>e/ /ate ( !         
atmosph]e4 ,z x increases 9 d5sity1 x   
becomes m & m :ite1 until x becomes a   
:ite mi/1 fog or cl\d4 ,! atmosph]e is  
sometimes col\r$1 z w h]eaft] be        
m5tion$2 at pres5t we h to d ) its      
col\rless /ate4  ,! opacity ( !         
atmosph]e1 z a :ite film ov] ! d>kness (
 space1 occasions ! blue appe>ance ( !  
sky2 & 9 proportion to ! r>ity or d5sity
 ( ! m$ium1 is ! int5sity ( col\r1 or r 
dep? ( tone4 ,if ! atmosph]e be         

extremely r>e1 z 9 ! ,pol> regions1 or  
at ! height ( ,mont ,blanc1 ! sky appe>s
 almo/ black4 ,& if ! atmosph]e be ?ick 
) vap\r1 ! sky assumes a milky col\r1 & 
! blue t9t is lo/ 9 t ( ! m$ium4 ,:5 !  
atmosph]e is j s r>e z to be sc>cely    
p]ceptible 9 its influ5ce ^u t]re/rial  
objects1--z 9 ,italy1 or ! ea/]n climes1
 :]e ! mo/ di/ant build+s appe> dim9i%$ 
9 size1 b almo/ z di/9ct z ^? close to !
 spectator1--yet suffici5tly d5se to    
become a veil to ! expanse ( space1 !   
col\r ( ! sky appe>s ! mo/ int5se blue4 
,z ne> z we c sup]ficially asc]ta9 x1--9
 ! exact m$ium betwe5 su* r>ity (       
atmosph]e z w\ld af=d blackness1 & su*  
opacity z w\ld af=d :it5ess1--we may    
expect to f9d ! mo/ int5sely blue col\r 
9 ! sky4  ,z ! effect ( ?is col\rless   
opacity ( ! atmosph]e is1 to r5d] !     
appe>ance ( ! d>kness ( space a blue    
col\r1 s all d>k t]re/rial objects are  
simil>ly affect$ by ! int]v5+ ( ?is     
m$ium1 &1 9 a correspond+ degree1 become
 m or less blue4 ,! d>k m\nta9s 9 ,wales

 & ,scotl& appe> ( a deep blue1         
sometimes v]g+ ^u purple2 & a slight    
comp>ison betwe5 ! col\r ( ! trees close
 to ! spectator & ^? 9 ! di/ance1 w %[  
h[ mu* m blue ! latt] become1 f !       
influ5ce ( ! m$ium ?r\gh :i* !y are     
view$4  ,& z objects1 9 proportion to _!
 di/ance1 are m or less affect$ by !    
int]position ( ! atmosph]e1 s1 also1 d !
 p>ts ( ! individual objects !mselves1  
become m or less grey z !y rec$e4 ,!    
b\nd>ies ( a :ite object are less :ite1 
& ( a black object less black1 ?an !    
p>ts ne>e/ ! eye4 ,a tree is mo/ gre5 at
 ! prom95t p>ts1 & grey] at ! top &     
sides4  ,?is tru? is s decid$ly felt by 
! public 9 g5]al--?\gh p]haps ins5sibly 
appreciat$ & b tacitly ackn[l$g$1--t1 z 
! atmosph]e r$uces ! col\rs ( all       
objects to a blue t9t1 s all blue col\rs
 convey an impression ( di/ance1 & all  
t9ts approa*+ to blue are accord+ly     
designat$ retir+ col\rs4  ,b ! atmosph]e
 is n always col\rless4 ,! rays ( ! sun 
t+e x ) yell[4 ,! rays f a fire or c&le 

t+e x ) a col\r approa*+ to r$4 ,!      
comb9ation ( smoke t+es x ) black or    
br[n2 & fogs infuse v>i\s degrees ( d+y 
yell[4 ,all ^! v>iations affect ! col\rs
 ( ! objects se5 ?r\gh ! atmosph]e1 &   
modify ! degree ( blue1 or quality (    
grey1 t9t communicat$ !reby4  ,:5 !     
atmosph]e is col\r$ by ! light ( ! sun1 
! blue is modifi$1 m or less1 into a w>m
 grey4 ,b ow+ to ! brilliancy result+ f 
! blaze ( light1 ! t9ts rema9 ( ! utmo/ 
purity4 ,all t5d5cy to gre5 is kept 9   
subord9ation by ! pe>ly t9ts ( ^? p>ts  
:i* are 9 %ad[4 ,! atmosph]e is r5d]$ m 
d5se at ! same "t t x is col\r$ by !    
light ( ! sun2 b ! light p>ts ( !       
objects se5 ?r\gh x are r5d]$1 by ! same
 cause1 s mu* m brilliant1 t ! d5sity ( 
! m$ium is p>tially comp5sat$2 :ile its 
full effect is app>5t ^u ! %ad[s se5    
?r\gh x1 ov] :i* a bright haze diffuses 
a beautiful blue t9t1 slightly w>m$ by !
 gold5 col\r ( ! illum9at+ p[]4 ,!      
contra/ ( ! yell[ t+e 9 ! lights makes  
^! %ad[s appe> to incl9e to purple2 & at

 sunset & sunrise1 :5 by ! great]       
quantity ( ! m$ium1 r5d]$ m d5se by !   
aque\s vap\rs close to ! e>?1 ! col\r ( 
! sun's light is enri*$ to a deep gold5 
hue approa*+ orange & r$1 ! %ad[s assume
 a decid$ly purple t9t1 ( :i* ! blue is 
suppli$ by ! d5sity1 & ! r$ by ! col\r1 
( ! m$ium4 ,z ! light ( ! sun decreases1
 ! col\r ( ! atmosph]e is m evid5tly t+$
 ) r$1 until ! sun has sunk s f> bel[ ! 
horizon1 t ! %ad[s ( night incorporat+ )
 ! col\r ( ! vap\rs1 r5d] !m a dull     
grey1 sometimes approa*+ a br[n4  ,9    
proportion z ! atmosph]e is illum9$ does
 x also become opaque4 ,! sky close to !
 sun appe>s mu* less blue ?an on !      
opposite side ( ! heav5s4 ,! beams ( !  
sun1 or moon1 or ev5 ! rays ( a c&le1   
become s opaque1 z absolutely to conceal
 all objects beh9d !m4  ,9 a gl[+       
sun%9e1 ! p>ticles ( ! atmosph]e load$ )
 light1 produce t s(t haze or calig9e1 z
 ! ,italian ha? x1 by :i* ! col\rs ( e  
object se5 ?r\gh x1 are assimilat$ 9 "o 
broad1 w>m1 grey tone1 h[ev] v>i$ ! t9ts

 ( ! objects 9 reality may be4  ,ano!r  
s+ul> appe>ance takes place 9 remote    
objects1 ( :i* no "o has s fully avail$ 
himself z ,turn]1 = ! production (      
pictorial beauties1 & ! brilliancy (    
sun%9e4 ,! atmosph]e1 :i* becomes mo/   
visible :5 be=e %ad[s1 is frequ5tly s   
mu* illum9at$ by ! sun's rays1 z to make
 ! %ad[s appe> ne>ly equally light ) !  
illum9at$ p>ts ( ! objects2 & ! only    
di/9ction betwe5 ! lights & %ad[s is to 
be f\nd 9 ! diff]5ce ( t9t--! %ad[s be+ 
blue or purple1 & ! lights a w>m yell[1 
or fle%y col\r4  ,! practice 9 art1 bo? 
9 ,oil & 9 ,wat] col\rs1 has be5 an     
imitation ( ! process ( nature1 & )     
simil> results4 ,x is usual 9 ,oil to   
pa9t ! di/ance /rong] 9 col\r ?an x is  
int5d$ to rema91 & :5 dry1 to pass "s v 
?9 opaque col\r 7te*nically to scumble7 
ov] ! :ole4 ,?us ! mo/ p]fectly a]ial   
t9ts are produc$4 ,9 ,wat] ,col\rs1 ow+ 
to ! diff]5t quality ( ! mat]ials       
employ$1 ano!r me?od is adopt$4 ,:ite1  
or any opaque pigm5t 7except :5 us$ 9   

conjunction ) ,oil pa9t+71 has a        
disagreeable effect2 s x is consid]$    
advisable p>tially to wa% out ! too     
highly col\r$ di/ance1 & a]ial t9ts     
simil> to ^? produc$ by ! scumble are   
obta9$4  ,h[ev] requisite x may be      
philosophically to acc\nt = ^!          
appe>ances1 x is unnecess>y to p]plex ! 
read] ( ! pres5t "w ) a que/ionable     
/atem5t ( ! great] impetus ( rays (     
c]ta9 col\rs enabl+ !m to p5etrate ?r\gh
 ! d5se atmosph]e1 :ile o!rs are m      
feeble1 & are swall[$ up & absorb$ by ! 
m$ium ?r\gh :i* !y 9 va9 essay to pass4 
,?is may be a v pretty /ory to amuse    
*ildr5 )1 & su* philosoph]s z are v]g+  
on _! second *ildhood2 b :ile s simple a
 me?od c be discov]$ ( acc\nt+ = !      
blu5ess ( ! sky & di/ant objects1 & "o t
 c be s easily exemplifi$ z t giv5 9 !  
previ\s pages1 we %all n be ! p>ties to 
contribute to t amusem5t1 by writ+ !    
hi/ory ( "s blue rays t 7 lo/ 9 a fog4  
,nor is ?is ! place to po9t out !       
absurdity ( su* !ories2 x w be suffici5t

 to rem>k t if !y are correct1 all      
di/ant objects mu/ appe> r$2 & ! blu5ess
 ( ! sky c only be acc\nt$ = by !       
hypo!sis1 t ! atmosph]e is a sort ( trap
 = ! blue rays ( all ! light t has pass$
 & is pass+ ?r\gh x6  ,su* be+ ! effect 
( ! atmosph]e1 & su* be+ ! antagoniz+   
influ5ce ( ,association 9 look+ at      
,nature1 x has be5 f\nd necess>y = !    
purposes ( ,art1 9 repres5tation1 to    
exagg]ate ! =m]1 to ov]/ep ! mode/y (   
,nature1 & ?us to produce :at may be    
t]m$ conv5tional imitations or          
translations ( ,nature4  ,=1 9 look+ at 
a picture1 ,association aga9 affects u2 
& z we "k :at is be=e u to be a flat    
surface1 ?is c only be ov]come by       
increas+ ! effects produc$ by atmosph]ic
 influ5ce1 reflections1 refractions1 c4 
,h5ce ! col\r ( all di/ant objects are  
r$uc$ to "s tone ( grey1 oscillat+      
betwe5 ! extremes ( bright blue or ev5  
purple1 & ! m$ium betwe5 black & :ite z 
! subject1 may be 9 sun%9e cold         
daylight2 or1 z ! ta/e ( ! arti/ may    

lead him to pref] "o scale ( col\r+ to  
ano!r4 ,^? :o delight 9 ! sunny skies ( 
,italy1 or tropical climates1 repres5t !
 di/ance by ! pure/ blue t ,ultram>9e   
af=ds4 ,o!rs1 :o del9eate ! village *ur*
 or ca!dral t[]1 repres5t !m ( a d>k    
grey4 ,m\nta9 sc5]y is repres5t$ ( a    
deep ,indigo blue1 sometimes incl9+ to a
 decid$ purple1 z all mu/ rememb] 9 !   
draw+s ( ! late ,mr4 ,robson4  ,if ?is  
exagg]ation or pictorial lic5se be      
object$ to1 z an unnecess>y dep>ture f  
tru? or ! beauty ( ,nature1 let ! mo/   
invet]ate wor%ipp] ( v]isimilitude place
 himself be=e a l&scape "u bright       
sun%9e1 on a cle> day1 & make an exact  
repres5tation1 if he be able1 ( :at he  
sees2 & he w be conv9c$ t 9 su* an      
in/ance1 some?+ m & v diff]5t is        
requir$1 to make a f9ely col\r$ picture4
 ,x _c be t ! col\rs ( ! orig9al are    
defici5t 9 beauty1 b t an ess5tial      
quality ( ! beauty ( ,nature _c be      
pres]v$ by ,imitative ,art4 ,he w f9d t 
x w n be possible to pres]ve ev5        

slightly ! gradation ( t9ts be=e him1   
)\t desc5d+ almo/ to blackness 9 !      
%ad[s1 :i* w be de/ructive ( brilliancy 
( sun%9e1 & at ! same "t1 ( t quality   
:i* is indisp5sable 9 a "w ( ,art1      
bread?4 ,he w f9d t 9 comp>ison ) !     
brightness ( ! sky1 ! trees w look z d>k
 z !y are repres5t$ by ,ruysdael &      
,hobbima1 b :o inconte/ibly d n give !  
idea ( sun%9e4 ,z 9 translat+ f "o      
language to ano!r1 he w f9d t a lit]al  
v]sion may give ! bones1 b n ! _s ( !   
text2 & t some?+ m is requir$ to transf]
 ! full =ce & "* ( ! orig9al4 ,h]e9     
consi/s a great "p ( ! art ( col\r+     
objects4 ,x may be t ! sc5e be+ unb\nd$ 
9 ,nature1 is act$ ^u by extrane\s      
circum/ances :i* _c be call$ to ! aid ( 
a picture4  ,z x is impossible ) pigm5ts
 to rival ! brightness ( light1 x has   
be5 f\nd necess>y to adopt "s me?od (   
=c+ ! effect ( col\rs1 s z to conceal or
 to supply a comp5sation = ?is          
defici5cy1 & app>5tly to produce ! vig\r
 ( tru?4  ,?is has l$ to a division1 :i*

 rivals 9 fi]c5ess z 9 "n1 ! feud ( !   
,bian*i & ! ,n]i ( ,italy1 into two     
great s*isms or factions ( col\ri/s1 (  
:om1 x is to be regrett$1 too _m are apt
 to consid] ^? ( ! opposite p>ty z lo/ 9
 ! dep?s ( absurdity4 ,! ho/ility &     
contempt are q mutual1 & equally        
ungr\nd$4  ,a writ] 9 ,blackwood's      
,magaz9e ( ! ,n]i faction says1 ,we h   
receiv$ a prescriptive "r to make w> ^u 
! ris+ h]esy ( light pictures1 & we w   
wage x to ! knife1 or "s su*            
expressions4  ,c]ta9 tones ( col\r h be5
 f\nd to be almo/ univ]sally recogniz$ z
 agreeables2 & by ! above m5tion$ class 
( arti/s & critics1 ! ,n]i1 x is held to
 be f9e col\r+1 to r$uce e              
repres5tation1 )\t consid]ation (       
propriety1 to ^! conv5tionally agreeable
 tones4 ,plate4 ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds   
comm5ds a picture ( a moonlight sc5e by 
,rub5s1 :i* is s ri* 9 col\r1 t if y    
hide ! moon x appe>s l a sunset4  ,!    
backgr\nd ( ! f>-fam$ ,m]cury1 ,v5us &  
,cupid1 by ,corregio1 9 ! ,national     

,gall]y1 & ! sky ( ! ,bac*us & ,ariadne1
 by ,titian1 9 ! same collection1 are   
in/ances ( ?is practice1 ! use (        
conv5tionally agreeable tones1 :i* may  
be se5 by e "o4 ,x w\ld be difficult to 
say :at ! =m] 0 meant =1 except         
backgr\nd to ! figures2 & no "o ev] saw 
a sky su* a blue z ! latt]4 ,x          
irresi/ibly br+s to m9d !               
c\nt]-criticism ( a sceptic to !        
admiration ( a l&scape by ,p\ss91 9 :i* 
,sir ----1 a wor%ipp] ( ! old ma/]s1 0  
indulg+3--,:at ,i l s mu* is1 x looks s 
l an old picture4--,yes1 said ! sceptic1
 & ! sky looks z old z ! re/ ( !        
picture1 = y nev] see su* a sky         
n[-a-days4  ,! ,n]i app>5tly give up all
 hope ( rivall+ ! brightness ( nature2 b
 by =c+ ! %ad[s & g5]al tone ( ! :ole   
picture1 endeav\r to produce ! same     
gradation ( light & %ad[ z 9 nature1 b  
on a l[] scale4  ,! ,bian*i p>ty1 on !  
o!r h&1 endeav\r to comp5sate = ! want (
 positive brilliancy1 by ref9+ or       
increas+ ! delicacy & beauty ( ! t9ts4  

,light is ! orig91 or imm$iate cause (  
col\r1 & ! bright] ! light1 ! great]    
v>iety ( t9ts w be f\nd or display$4 ,z 
we _c rival ! cause1 ! ,bian*i cont5d t 
we mu/ increase ! effect by introduc+   
col\r 9 lieu ( ^? t9ts :i* 9 nature     
appe> neutral2 & ?us conceal ! weakness 
( our imitation ( ! cause1 by mak+ x    
app>5tly produce great] effects4 ,?us   
all greys are r5d]$ by pure ,ultram>9e  
blue t9ts1 or delicate pe>ly purple1 & !
 greate/ possible v>iety ( beautiful &  
delicate col\rs are introduc$ 9 ! light2
 :ile ! %ad[s are g5]ally ( a neutral   
col\r1 ! mo/ decid$ly contra/+ ) ! t9ts 
9 ! light4 ,b sometimes ! col\r is also 
c>ri$ ?r\gh ! %ad[s z well z ! lights2  
positive crimson be+ introduc$ into ^? (
 leaves or grass2 :ile ^? ( fle% are    
r5d]$ by a dull r$2 & ^? ( a s&y bank by
 pure blue4 ,plate4  ,! ,n]i compla9 t !
 ,bian*i want tone1 & ! ,bian*i t ! ,n]i
 want purity & light4  ,ea* ( ^!        
factions cont5ds1 t all ! difficulty (  
f9e col\r+ is to be f\nd only 9 _! own  

aim2 :ile !y hold 9 p]fect contempt !   
productions ( _! oppon5ts1 z be+ ( su*  
facile a*ievem5t z to ! s>casm ( ,mi*ael
 ,angelo1--to be fit only = *ildr51 &   
b5ea? ! att5tion ( ^? :o pr(ess to /udy 
! ,f9e ,arts4  ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,n]i  
,! ma9 diff]5ce betwe5 ! pr9ciples ( ^! 
two p>ties or factions1 w be f\nd to lie
 9 ! treatm5t ( ! atmosph]ic influ5ce & 
association1 previ\sly allud$ to4 ,!    
,bian*i avail+ !mselves ( ! =m]         
circum/ance1 z a reason = introduc+ a   
great v>iety ( pe>ly greys1 on ! purity 
& beauty ( :i* !y cont5d f9e col\r+ is  
dep5d5t2 & ! ,n]i avail+ !mselves ( !   
latt]1 z an excuse = ! introduction (   
bread? ( w>m tones1 & ! omission ( z mu*
 z possible ( ! cool t9ts1 :i* are deem$
 s indisp5sable by _! rivals2 !y limit !
 repres5tation ( atmosph]ic influ5ce to 
! lea/ possible degree4 ,titian's       
,v5uses are masses ( ! local col\r (    
fle%1 brok5 ) s little half-t9t1 t !y   
are sc>cely r\nd1 & satisfy few b       
critics suffici5tly le>n$ 9 ! ,art1 to  

be cont5t$ ) ! beauties ( ,art1 z a     
sub/itute = ! imitation ( ,nature4  ,?is
 class ( col\r+ is f\nd$ ^u ! p[] (     
,association1 previ\sly allud$ to1 by   
:i*1 ! local col\r ov]p[]s ! greys (    
atmosph]ic influ5ce2 9 o!r words1 t to !
 eyes ( ! _m1 fle% looks ( a fle% col\r1
 & ought to be s repres5t$4 ,b ! full   
effect ( ,association is "h n all[$ =4  
,9 look+ at fle%1 we "k x to be fle%    
col\r2 & we "k x to be r\nd2 & x        
requires "s education ( ! eye to discov]
 ! atmosph]ic influ5ce1 z well z ! m9ute
 gradations 9 =m4 ,b on ! o!r h&1 9     
look+ at a picture1 we "k x to be a flat
 surface2 & h[ev] f> ! imag9ation may be
 will+ or h a t5d5cy to supply !        
defici5cies 9 ! repres5tation1          
,association is an antagoni/ & n an     
ally4 ,?is w become evid5t ^u mak+      
outl9es ( objects & fill+ !m up ) flat  
t9ts2 imag9ation w n h p[] to make !m   
appe> to be r\nd1 or to rec$e4 ,!       
beauties ( ?is class ( col\r+ are solely
 conv5tional4  ,titian1 ,giorgione1 &   

,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds lead ! van ( !    
,n]i2 ,rub5s1 ,v&yke1 & ,lawr5ce are at 
! head ( ! ,bian*i2 unless1 inde$1 we   
%\ld consid] ,turn] z g5]al-9-*ief ( !  
latt]4 ,claude 0 probably ( ! ,bian*i   
faction2 b ,"t1 :o is ! great ally ( !  
,n]i1 has made him appe> 9 "s ( 8       
productions an adh]5t ( t p>ty4  ,x may 
be add$1 t mo/ hi/orical pa9t]s lean to 
! ,n]i faction1 on acc\nt ( !           
disadvantage aris+ f too close an       
approa* to ! common appe>ance ( e-day   
nature1 ( :i* ! effect is describ$ 9 !  
prov]b1 t famili>ity bre$s contempt1 &  
consequ5tly is de/ructive ( t gr&eur1   
solemnity1 or ref9em5t :i* is           
indisp5sable 9 high art2 & !y take      
refuge 9 ! cloi/]$ tone ( ,ludovico     
,c>acci1 s comm5d$ by ,sir ,jo%ua       
,reynolds1 a conv5tional beauty :i* w   
pres5tly be notic$4 ,! ,l&scape pa9t]s1 
on ! o!r h&1 almo/ univ]sally belong to 
! ,bian*i p>ty2 z tru? or app>5t tru? is
 s mu* m indisp5sable 9 subjects t only 
display ! sc5]y ( nature1 & :i* dep5d ^u

 t resemblance = produc+ an impression1 
?an 9 subjects :i* appeal to ! passions 
by ! display ( "s /irr+ incid5t4 ,f !   
nature ( ! mat]ials employ$1 ! t5d5cy ( 
oil pa9t+ is to ! side ( ! ,n]i2 :il/ ! 
g5]al incl9ation induc$ by ,wat]-col\r  
draw+1 is 9 fav\r ( ! ,bian*i p>ty4 ,!  
alleg$ pr9ciple ( ! col\r+ ( ! ,n]i is  
d$uc$ f ! hypo!sis laid d[n by ,sir     
,isaac ,newton1 t nei!r :ite nor black  
are col\rs1 !re=e say ! ,n]i1 nei!r %\ld
 appe> 9 a f9ely col\r$ picture2 !      
brighte/ lights %\ld n be :ite2 ! deepe/
 %ad[s %\ld n be black2 nev]!less1 ^?   
productions :i* are cit$ by ?is p>ty z !
 f9e/ specim5s ( col\r 9 exi/5ce1 d     
conta9 bo? :ite & black4 ,9 ! celebrat$ 
picture by ,giorgione1 copi$ rec5tly by 
,mr4 ,w>d1 ,r4,a41 to ! eye ( !         
un9itiat$ are pres5t$ bo? :ite lights1 &
 black %ad[s4 ,! =m]1 x is true1 are    
r$uc$ by ,"t or glaz+2 & ! latt] are    
excus$ z hav+ lo/ _! orig9al col\r4  ,b 
?is pr9ciple c sc>cely be said to be    
c>ri$ out1 except 9 su* pictures z      

possess ! cloi/]$ tone ( ,ludovico      
,c>acci allud$ to4 ,"h ! lights are w>m 
& gold51 z if transmitt$ ?r\gh /a9$     
glass4 ,! atmosph]ic greys are introduc$
 to no great] ext5t ?an is indisp5sable 
to prev5t ! picture appe>+ ru/y4 ,!     
%ad[s are deep ri* br[ns1 into :i* are  
?r[n /ill w>m] reflections2 & ! :ole    
picture is subdu$ to a s(t-my/]i\s      
effect1 :i* is admirably adapt$ to      
produce :at is te*nically t]m$ repose1 &
 to excite g5tle1 rev]5tial1 solemn1 &  
ev5 affectionate feel+s4 ,x is a /yle ( 
col\r+ peculi>ly suit$ to religi\s      
subjects2 & 9 repres5tations ( int]iors1
 may be said to be l nature1 because    
,nature may be made to appe> l x4 7,see 
,plate47  ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,bian*i    
,?is pr9ciple ( col\r+ may be c>ri$ out 
on a high] scale ?an is g5]ally f\nd    
among ! productions ( its advocates1 &  
ab/ract$ly1 is und\bt$ly calculat$ to   
lead to v beautiful results2 ?\gh x may 
be que/ion$1 :e!r x is suffici5t to     
entitle ! p>ty exclusively to arrogate  

to !mselves ! designation ( col\ri/s1 z 
!y are 9 ! habit ( do+4 ,= ! pr9ciple ( 
! ,bian*i is likewise adapt$ to produce 
exce$+ly beautiful col\r+2 & )\t "s     
rational or sci5tific /&>d by :i* !     
comp>ative beauty ( individual col\rs   
may be det]m9$1 s z to di/+ui% betwe5   
f9e col\rs & f9e col\r+1 ! admir]s ( ?is
 class ( col\rs may1 ) ! greate/ ju/ice1
 cont5d t x is equally beautiful ) t ( !
 opposite p>ty2 :ile x has ?is          
sup]iority1 t x w enable ! ,arti/ to    
produce mu* m resemblance 9 !           
repres5tation ( ext]nal nature1 & w be  
mu* less artificial 9 ! effects produc$ 
z imitation ( int]iors4  ,& !y d]ive a  
/rong argum5t 9 fav\r ( _! mode (       
proce$+ be+ correct1 & mo/ likely to /&1
 f ! circum/ance1 t ! pictures ( ,v&yke1
 _m ( :i* are n[ claim$ by ! ,n]i z     
pa9t$ on _! pr9ciple1 :5 fir/ done 7    
frequ5tly c5sur$ z be+ too raw or :ite4 
,fur!r1 x %\ld be obs]v$ t1 by too _m ( 
! ,n]i p>ty1 _! great object ( wor%ip1  
,tone1 is limit$ to ! ri* w>m br[ni%    

yell[ :i* is legitimately sup]9duc$ 9   
oil pictures by ! action ( ,"t1 or      
glaz+2 & surreptiti\sly obta9$ by wa%+ )
 tobacco-wat]4 ,b an inspection ( !     
works ( ! ,dut* s*ool1 :o belong to a   
?ird p>ty :i* consid]s bo? ! ,bian*i &  
,n]i to be 9 ! wrong1 z too artificial1 
w %[ t tone may be cool z well z w>m1 & 
t !re is a silv]y tone :i* has z devot$ 
admir]s z ^? ( ! ,gold5 ,image--7see    
,plates ( ,ruysdael & ( ,o/ade74        
,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,dut* ,,s*ool  ,x may
 n be becom+ 9 ! au?or ( ! pres5t "w to 
decide betwe5 ^! great disputants2 b f !
 /atem5t respect+ ,v&yke's pictures1 t  
!y 7 consid]$ raw :5 fre% pa9t$1 z well 
z f ! nature ( ! mat]ials employ$1 x is 
evid5t1 t ! productions ( ,titian1      
,giorgione1 & o!r celebrat$ col\ri/s1 7 
n1 :5 fir/ pa9t$1 ( su* deep tones z !y 
exhibit n[2 & x may be suspect$ t !     
reputation1 :i* 0 d]iv$ f ! orig9al     
col\r+ ( _! pictures1 has1 to a c]ta9   
ext5t1 be5 atta*$ to ! col\r+ !y at     
pres5t exhibit2 & t v5]ation ( tal5t1 & 

respect = au?ority1 h giv5 sanction to  
:at w\ld be repudiat$ by ! ,great m5 ^: 
names =m ! slogan ( ! p>ty1 & is n      
really entitl$ to comm5dation4  ,t ! two
 pr9ciples may be comb9$1 & s produce   
high] qualities ?an ei!r af=ds alone1 is
 h>dly possible1 :5 _! opposite treatm5t
 ( ! effects ( atmosph]ic influ5ce &    
association are tak5 into consid]ation4 
,b ?is compromise may be made betwe5 !m 
) advantage bo? to ,amateurs & ,arti/s2 
t ! /yle ( ! ,n]i1 includ+ t ( ! ,dut*  
s*ool1 may be consid]$ z mo/ applicable 
to ! repres5tation ( int]iors & quiet or
 gr& subjects2 :ile t ( ! ,bian*i may be
 consid]$ z mo/ suit$ to ext]iors1 &    
subjects ( gaiety & animation4  ,= !    
b5efit ( ! ,amateur1 x w be necess>y to 
say some?+ m ^u ! /yle ( col\r+ adopt$  
by ! ,dut* s*ool1 ! productions ( :i*   
among ! cognosc5ti1 are t]m$ pictures ( 
,tone2 tone be+ 9 ?is in/ance us$ 9     
opposition to positive col\r1 & z imply+
 v>ieties ( ! t]n>y comb9ations1 call$  
neutral t9ts1 or greys1 b o!rwise       

possess+ ! qualities ( tone 9 a g5]al   
s5se1 namely1 transp>5cy4  ,?is /yle (  
col\r+ is peculi>ly adapt$ to ! class ( 
subjects on :i* ! ,ma/]s ( ! ,dut* s*ool
 g5]ally ex]cis$ _! p5cils1 homely      
int]iors2 b :5 appli$ to out-(-door     
sc5es1 al?\gh und\bt$ly possess$ ( c]ta9
 conv5tional beauties1 su* z h>moni\s   
arrangem5t & balance ( tones1 x has a   
t5d5cy to look dull & heavy4 ,! l&scapes
 ( ,ruysdael & ,hobbima d n reckon among
 _! beauties1 t ( vivacity or           
*e]fulness4 ,!y may be cle> & bright &  
fre%1 z _! admir]s say1 b !y d n        
repres5t ,nature "u h] mo/ bewit*+      
aspect1 nor is ! /yle ( ! s*ool adapt$  
to d s4 ,x leans to ! side ( ! ,n]i1 f  
its dread ( brilliant col\rs4 ,x is     
unaffect$1 sob]1 & 9 _m in/ances1 su* z 
int]iors or close woody sc5es "u grey   
daylight1 possesses great tru?2 b f its 
limit$ application1 & unpret5d+ effect1 
is sc>cely to be put into competition1 z
 a /yle ( ,f9e ,col\r+1 ) ! high] aims (
 ! two great p>ties be=e m5tion$4       

,plate4  ,su* is ! pres5t /ate ( ! !ory 
( ,f9e ,col\r+2 f :i* x is evid5t1 t1   
except 9 a v limit$ class ( subjects1   
,tru? _c be made ! te/--t ev5 9 ?is     
class ( subjects1 x is disput$ :e!r x   
%\ld be made ! te/2 & t x is also       
disput$1 to :at ext5t a dep>ture f tru? 
is admissible2 or r1 :at quantity (     
resemblance to ,nature is indisp5sable1 
& :at me?od may be ! be/ ( comp5sat+ !  
want ( accurate transcription2 9 %ort1  
:at is ! true idiom ( ,f9e ,col\r+ 9    
,art1 s z fully to translate ! beauties 
( ,nature4  ,! fa%ion ( ! day r leans to
 ! ,bian*i p>ty 9 ,wat]-col\r draw+s1 if
 n 9 ,oil pa9t+s2 b ! pr9ciples ( none (
 ! p>ties are fully develop$ 9 ! works (
 _! exi/+ foll[]s4 ,! foll[]s ( ! ,dut* 
s*ool are sacrific+ "p ( _! tru? = "s1 b
 x may be d\bt$ :e!r ! be/1 "p ( !      
conv5tional tones ( bo? ! o!r p>ties4 ,!
 ,bian*i are m reg>dless ( tru? ?an !y  
ne$ be1 ev5 to develope _! pr9ciples to 
! utmo/4 ,& ! ,n]i admit !mselves to be 
w&]+ 9 a maze1 )\t any fix$ ideas ( _!  

own pr9ciples1 & !re=e are less         
frequ5tly successful ?an ! rev]se2 & !y 
are equally obnoxi\s to ! *>ge ( dep>t+ 
f>!r f tru?1 ?an is necess>y to give _! 
own pr9ciples full play4 ,v rec5tly a   
h]esy ( ?is faction adopt$ a peculi>ity 
( tone1 :i* is n to be f\nd 9 ! works ( 
any ( ! great m5 ( _! p>ty2 & :i* is    
obnoxi\s to two s]i\s objections4 ,x is 
a gre5i% tone t unavoidably excites !   
idea ( corruption & decay1 :i*1 hav+ a  
t5d5cy t[>ds ! disgu/+1 is n tol]able 9 
! ,f9e ,arts2 & ! second objection is1  
t1 9 _! zeal = transp>5cy1 !y _h lo/    
solidity to su* an ext5t1 t a portrait (
 ,george ,,iv4 by a celebrat$ arti/1 _h 
! appe>ance ( a vision1 or ( hav+ be5   
spun out ( gre5 glass bottles4  ,!      
beg9n] & ! ,amateur h already be5 w>n$  
aga9/ ! dang]s ( gre5 9 pictures4 ,& x  
may n[ be add$1 t transp>5cy %\ld reside
 9 ! col\rs to conceal ! appe>ance (    
pigm5ts1 b t ! sub/ances repres5t$ %\ld 
appe> z solid z 9 nature4   ,,*apt]     
,,iii4  ,,section ,,ii4  ,,col\rs ,,(   

,,lights ,,& ,,%ad[s4  ,:atev] p>ty (   
,col\ri/s may f9d fav\r 9 ! eyes ( !    
read]1 x w be necess>y = him to be aw>e 
( c]ta9 effects obs]v$ 9 ,nature1 ( :i* 
he w make su* use z is admissible "u !  
pr9ciple he may adopt4  ,col\rs reside 9
 ! light p>ts ( objects1 if n brighte/  
on ! lighte/ p>ts1 closely adjac5t to   
!m4  ,%ad[s r$uce1 black51 or r5d]      
negative ! col\rs ( objects4 ,! edges1  
extremities1 or b\nd>ies ( all %ad[s are
 grey4  ,f ! effect ( contra/1 %ad[s    
appe> comp>atively ( ! opposite col\r to
 t ( ! light4 ,! ,bian*i take advantage 
( ?is circum/ance1 & sometimes =ce or   
increase ! col\r ( ! %ad[1 to br+ out t 
( ! light )\t really t++ x s deeply z is
 ! case 9 ,nature2 :]eby great]         
brilliancy is reta9$4  ,! col\rs ( !    
lights & %ad[s dep5d ^u t ( ! illum9at+ 
p[]1 :e!r sun%9e1 moonlight1 or grey    
daylight4 ,^! w be sep>ately po9t$ out4 
,illu/ration3 ,,sun%9e   ,,*apt] ,,iii4 
,,section ,,iii4  ,,sun%9e4  ,! degree  
to :i* ! col\rs ( objects w be affect$  

by t ( ! s\rce ( light1 w v mu* dep5d ^u
 ! /r5g? ( ! illum9at+ p[]4  ,! light ( 
! noonday sun is s vivid t x diffuses   
its col\r ov] all ! illum9$ p>ts ( !    
objects "u its influ5ce4 ,^! assume a   
ri* gold5 hue1 ?r\gh :i* ! local col\rs 
( ! objects are slightly di/+ui%able1 b 
r z modifications ( ! w>m tone diffus$  
by ! rays ( ! sun1 ?an z integral       
v>ieties ( t9t4  ,z already has be5     
notic$1 ! obvi\s effect ( a yell[i%     
light ^u a blue object w\ld be to induce
 a gre5i% t9t2 b 9 ! case ( sun%9e1 ?is 
is c\nt]act$ by ! brilliancy ( ! light1 
& 9 repres5tation1 x is necess>y = !    
same purpose1 to infuse suffici5t r$    
into ! light ( blue objects "u !        
influ5ce ( sun%9e1 or a disagreeable    
heavy effect w be produc$4  ,gre51      
yell[1 & orange objects become          
p>ticul>ly brilliant 9 sun%9e4  ,! %ad[s
 ( ! =egr\nd are1 9 ,nature1 p>ticul>ly 
negative or col\rless2 b z !y rec$e1    
become gradually m blue4 ,sir ,jo%ua    
,reynolds has made ! %ad[s on ! arm ( 8 

,sleep+ ,girl ne>ly black4 ,he is "o ( !
 ,n]i4 ,! ,bian*i w\ld h made !m p>take 
m ( ! col\r opposite to t ( light1      
purply br[n1 brok5 ) r$ reflections4 ,! 
%ad[s on gre5 objects 9 ! =egr\nd w\ld  
be r5d]$ by d>k crimson4 ,sir ,?omas    
,lawr5ce frequ5tly us$ pure lake 9 !    
%ad[s ( 8 grass or %rubs4 ,plate4       
,,*apt] ,,iii4  ,,section ,,iv4         
,,sunset4  ,at ,sunset !re is ev5 less  
v>iety ( col\r obs]vable 9 ! illum9$    
p>ts ( objects ?an :5 ! sun is high] 9 !
 sky4 ,?is arises f ! influ5ce ( !      
atmosph]e previ\sly allud$ to4 ,a great]
 quantity ( ! m$ium is load$ ) light1 & 
! local col\rs ( ! objects se5 ?r\gh x  
are consequ5tly affect$ to a great]     
degree !reby4 ,! col\r ( ! light is also
 affect$ by ! m$ium ?r\gh :i* x passes1 
& x becomes mu* ri*]1 & m ne>ly approa*+
 to orange4  ,! light 9 ! sky1 or       
illum9at+ p[]1 is made yell[2 b ! lights
 on objects are r5d]$ ( a fle%y col\r1  
:i* is made to appe> w>m] by !          
opposition ( positive purple %ad[s1 :ile

 ^? objects :i* d n receive any ( !     
sun's light are kept v cool grey 7!     
effect ( reflect$ light f ! blue sky71  
:i* by contra/ ?r[s ! :ole ( ! illum9at$
 "p ( ! picture into w>m?4              
,frontispiece4  ,illu/ration3           
,,moonlight   ,,*apt] ,,iii4  ,,section 
,v4  ,,moonlight4  ,! light ( ! moon be+
 :ite or silv]y grey1 ! %ad[s are made  
comp>atively w>m br[ns4 ,! appe>ance (  
moonlight is giv5 by ! col\rs on !      
illum9at$ objects 9 ! picture1 :i* are  
made to appe> cool] ?an !y really are1  
by ! contra/ ) ! w>m %ad[s4 ,by ?is     
means1 mu* m col\r may be introduc$ into
 ! light ?an is usually obs]v$ 9        
,nature1 & )\t impair+ ! effect (       
moonlight2 & ! ,bian*i cont5d t by su*  
means great] brilliancy is obta9$4 ,!   
blues 9 ! sky ne> ! moon are kept v pure
 = ! same purpose4 ,plate4              
,illu/ration3 ,,grey ,,daylight         
,,*apt] ,,iii4  ,,section ,,vi4  ,,grey 
,,daylight4  ,grey daylight also af=ds  
br[ni% %ad[s1 b f ! great] quantity &   

diffusion ( comp>atively col\rless      
light1 ! local col\rs ( objects become m
 visible1 :ile ! %ad[s are m v>i$ by    
reflection & refraction4 ,reflections   
take _! col\rs f ^? ( ! objects by :i*  
!y are occasion$4 ,! lights on objects  
are treat$ z 9 ! case ( moonlight2 !y   
are made positively w>m] ?an !y appe> 9 
nature1 & are r5d]$ comp>atively cool by
 ! w>m? ( ! %ad[s4--,plate4  99       99
       99       99       99  ,! degrees 
to :i* ^! lic5ces may be c>ri$1 mu/     
dep5d ^u ! /yle ( col\r+ adopt$4 ,!     
,amateur has _h !m plac$ be=e him1 &    
:i*ev] he may *oose1 he w be c]ta9 to   
meet ) success 9 ! eyes ( "o p>ty2 he _c
 hope to please all4   ,j4 ,m4 ,,burton1
 ,,ipswi* ,,/eam ,,press4