99,,! ,,elim9ator99 99or1 ,,skeleton ,,keys to ,,sac]dotal ,,secrets99 ,by 99,ri*>d ,b4 ,we/brook1 ,d4,d41 ,l4,l4,d499 #ahid ,,cont5ts ,,preface ,,to ,,! ,,second ,,edition ,,preface ,,skeleton ,,keys ,,to ,,sac]dotal ,,secrets ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,! ,,:ole ,,tru? ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,sac]dotalism ,,impea*$ ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,! ,,fabul\s ,,claims ,,( ,,judaism ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,moses ,,& ,,! ,,p5tateu* ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,anci5t ,,symbolism ,,& ,,mod]n ,,lit]alism ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,a/ral ,,keys ,,to ,,bible ,,/ories ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,! ,,fable ,,( ,,! ,,fall ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,se>* ,,= ,,! 8,,la/ ,,adam0 ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,:at ,,is ,,kn[n ,,( ,,! ,,new ,,te/am5t ,,*apt] ,x4 ,,! ,,drama ,,( ,,! ,,gospels ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,,! ,,ideal ,,*ri/ ,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,,jesus ,,& ,,o!r ,,*ri/s ,,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,a ,,rev]5t ,,critique ,,on ,,jesus ,,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,a ,,few ,,fragm5ts ,,*apt] ,,xv4 ,,blood-,,salvation ,,*apt] ,,xvi4 ,,?+s ,,t ,,rema9 ,,index ,,preface ,,to ,,! ,,second ,,edition ,,! ,elim9ator has n[ be5 be=e ! public ne>ly two ye>s4 ,i h se5 no?+ wor?y ( ! "n ( criticism respect+ x4 ,a few ,unit>ian m9i/]s h said t ,*ri/ mu/ h be5 a p]son in/ead ( a p]sonification1 = ! reason t m5 c\ld n h conceiv$ ( su* a p]fect "* )\t a liv+ example1 & t ! great influ5ce ex]cis$ by him = s long a "t1 ov] s _m p1 proves him to h be5 an hi/oric "*4 ,^! argum5ts are anticipat$ & fully answ]$4 7,see pp4 #bhc1 #bhd1 #cjf47 ,our ,unit>ian fri5ds are ! greate/ ideali/s ^u ! globe6 ,!y only accept ! ,gospel biography ( ,jesus 7& we h no o!r7 j s f> z ! /ory accords ) :at !y ?9k x ought to be4 ,!y d5y ! immaculate conception & miracul\s bir? ( ! ,*ri/1 & h v great d\bts ab\t 8 crucifixion & resurrection4 ,_! ,*ri/ is purely ideal4 ,! fact is t ,*ri/5dom has wor%ipp$ ! lit]al ,jesus = ! ideal ,*ri/ = ne>ly tw5ty c5turies1 ?\gh _! conceptions ( him h be5 manifold & contradictory4 ,no wond] t s _m intellig5t ,*ri/ian sects 9 ! e>ly ages ( ! *ur* utt]ly d5i$ ! exi/5ce ( ,jesus z an hi/oric p]son4 7,see pp4 #bff1 #bfg1 #ceg47 ,b !re is indubitable evid5ce t ?is ,*ri/ "* 7call$ by _m ,unit>ians ! 8,univ]sal ,*ri/07 0 ma9ly my?ical1 drawn f ! a/rological riddles ( ! old] ,pagan my?ologies4 ,9 fact1 almo/ ev]y?+ 9 ,*ri/ianity seems to h be5 an aft]?\ght4 ,x is ! lea/ orig9al ( any ( ! t5 great religions ( ! _w1 & ! great mi/ake has be5 9 mak+ almo/ ev]y?+ lit]al :i* ! wise m5 ( anci5t times reg>d$ z allegorical4 ,?is comes f ! prie/ly attempt to id5tify ! ,jewi% ,jesus ) ! ,ori5tal ,*ri/ ,tradition is1 9 fact1 ! ma9 f\ndation ( ! ,*ri/ian s*eme1 & cunn+ sac]dotali/s h done by artifice :at hi/ory1 9 fact1 has fail$ to d4 ,b = its moral precepts & its 8en?usiasm ( humanity10 ,*ri/ianity w\ld n survive = a s+le c5tury4 ,! s-call$ 8,apo/les' ,cre$0 7:i* 0 n =mulat$ until c5turies aft] ! la/ ,apo/le slept 9 ! grave71 & :i* is repeat$ 9 s _m *ur*es e ,sunday1 has a great] numb] ( hi/orical & !ological mis/atem5ts ?an any o!r writ+ ( ! same l5g? n[ extant6 ,!re is 9 our day a g5]al disposition to magnify ! virtues ( ! ,*ri/ ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 connect$ ) a proposition to unite all ,*ri/ians 9 8 lead]%ip4 ,?is device w n succe$1 because x is z impossible to f\nd a p]fect religion ^u an imp]fect man z x is ^u a fallible ,book4 ,lov]s ( ! tru? w %[ t ! traditional ,*ri/ is n a p]fect model4 7,see ,*apt] xiii47 ,!re is a mo/ significant s5se 9 :i* x may be tru?fully said3 8,nev] man spake l ?is man10 z no great moral tea*] ev] utt]$ s _m ?+s t ne$$ to be revis$ & expla9$6 ,may x n be ! fact t bo? ,ca?olic & ,prote/ant ,*ri/ians are "u a great delusion z to ! facts ( religion8 ,i ?9k s4 ,i believe s4 ,i well "k h[ difficult x is to explode a delusion t is ne>ly tw5ty c5turies old1 & t is support$ by a sac]dotalism ( va/ weal? & le>n+1 & ^: vot>ies by 8?is craft h _! weal?40 ,i nail ^! ,?ses to ! *ur* doors ( all ! ,ca?olics & ,prote/ants 9 ,*ri/5dom1 & ) ,m>t9 ,lu!r1 at ! ,diet ( ,worms1 ,i exclaim1 8,"h ,i /&4 ,i _c move6 ,god help me60 ,if ,i am mi/ak51 !n my reason is at fault & all hi/ory is a lie6 ,x is said t :5 ,r5an di$1 ! ,pope inquir$ :e!r he _h confess$ be=e 8 de-cease1 & ^u be+ told t he _h n1 repli$1 8,well1 !n ,god w h to save him = 8 s9c]ity60 ,i am ready to be judg$ on ?is gr\nd4 ,i sum up my late/ conclusions ?us3 ,! ,jesus ( ! ,gospels is traditional1 ! ,*ri/ ( ! ,new ,te/am5t is my?ical4 ,r4 ,b4 ,,we/brook4 #agjg ,ox=d ,/reet1 ,philadelphia4 ,octob] #a1 #ahid4 ,,preface ,_m ?+s 9 ?is book w greatly %ock1 & ev5 give he>tfelt pa9 to1 num]\s p]sons :om ,i greatly respect4 ,i h a l>ge %>e ( ! love ( approbation1 & naturally desire ! good op9ion ( ^? ) :om ,i h be5 associat$ 9 a long life4 ,!re is no pleasure 9 ! fact t ,i h to /& q alone 9 ! eyes ( ne>ly all ,*ri/5dom4 ,!re is no satisfaction 9 be+ deem$ a di/urb] ( ! peace ( ! great majority ( ^? 8pr(ess+ & call+ !mselves ,*ri/ians40 ,b1 at ! same "t1 ,i mu/ n be indiff]5t 9 matt]s :]e ,i believe tru? is conc]n$4 ,be=e ,i )drew f ! or?odox m9i/ry ,i us$ to wond] :y ,god 9 8 graci\s provid5ce _h n se5 fit to s ord] ev5ts z to give u a cr$ible & und\bt$ hi/ory ( ! inc>nation & bir? ( 8 ,son ,jesus ,*ri/1 & :y t ,savi\r1 :o _h come to repair ! great evils inflict$ ^u our race by ,adam1 _h nev] once m5tion$ t un=tunate fall4 ,i d n d5y t !re 0 a p]son nam$ ,jesus ne>ly n9ete5 hundr$ ye>s ago4 ,i ?9k !re 7 sev]al p]sons be>+ ?is "n & :o 7 contemporane\s1 & t sev]al ( !m 7 v good m52 b t any "o ( !m 0 su* a p]son z is describ$ 9 ! ,gospels ,i _c believe4 ,i lay special emphasis on ! ^w su*4 ,admitt+ = ! sake ( ! argum5t ! real1 hi/orical p]sonality ( ,jesus ( ,naz>e?1 he has by ! process ( idealization become an imp]sonation1 & ,i h s attempt$ to make x appe>2 & ,i _c b ?9k t ?is view is n inconsi/5t ) ! mo/ enlight5$ piety & religi\s devotion1 :ile ?is explanation relieves u ( _m ?+s :i* are absurd & contradictory4 ,i desire to expla9 m fully ?an appe>s 9 ! ,table ( ,cont5ts ! plan ( ?is book4 ,i fir/ combat ! policy ( suppression & deception1 & insi/ t ! :ole tru? %all be publi%$1 & h %[n t sac]dotalism is responsible = ! fact t x has n be5 done4 ,z s-call$ ,*ri/ianity is bas$ ^u ,judaism1 ,i und]take to %[ ! fabul\s "* ( _m ( ! claims ( ! ,jews1 disclaim+ all int5tion to asp]se ! "* ( ,israelites ( ! pres5t g5]ation4 ,i ?\ght x prop] 9 ?is connection to give ! sub/ance ( an op5 lett] to ! ,*ief-,ju/ice ( ! ,supreme ,c\rt ( ,p5nsylvania on ,moses & ! ,p5tateu*--to :i* ,8 ,honor nev] respond$--%[+ t ! 8law ( ,s9ai 0 n ! fir/ ( :i* we h any k10 & t ,moses 0 n 8! greate/ /atesman & lawgiv] ! _w _h ev] produc$10 z ! ,*ief-,ju/ice _h affirm$ 9 a lecture be=e ! ,law ,s*ool ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,p5nsylvania4 ,pres5t+ brief views ( ! symbolic "* ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 & %[+ h[ 8,a/ral ,keys0 unlock _m ,bible /ories1 ,i und]take to %[ t ! s-call$ fall ( ,adam is a fable1 no?+ m2 & !n1 z ! fir/ ,adam is %[n to be a my?1 ,i g 9 se>* = ! 8la/ ,adam40 ,f9d+ no k ( su* a p]son except 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 ,i deem x necess>y to briefly %[ ! "* ( ?is book1 t x may be det]m9$ h[ f> x %\ld be receiv$ z evid5ce 9 a matt] ( s mu* importance4 ,!n 9 five *apt]s1 m or less connect$1 ,i combat ! idea ( ! hi/orical1 or r traditional1 ,jesus1 & foll[ ) an exam9ation ( ! evangelical dogma ( ,blood-,salvation1 & close ) a v brief summ>y ( ! ,?+s t ,rema9 z ! f\ndation ( fai?4 ,i d n expect ca/e cl]gym5 to read ?is book any f>!r ?an is necess>y to d5\nce x4 ,x is _! way ( meet+ que/ions l ^? h]e9 discuss$4 ,i am prep>$ to h c]ta9 dilettanti sne]-+ly say1 8,?is book is ( no critical value40 ,!y are s accu/om$ to 8s*ol>ly essays0 :i* 8are poetically s5tim5tal & floridly vague0 t !y h little respect = any?+ else4 ,! book is int5d$ = ! common p1 & n = ! pr(essional critics4 ,i d n expect ev]ybody to agree ) me1 especially at fir/4 ,tru? c af=d to wait1 & 9 ye>s to come _m po9ts t ,i h made1 :i* are n[ s />tl+1 w be calmly & intellig5tly accept$4 ,!re are probably mi/akes 9 ! book--mi/akes 9 names1 9 dates1 & p]haps 9 facts2 b ^! w n affect ! ma9 argum5t4 ,no man kn[s ev]y?+4 ,until rec5tly x 0 nev] suspect$ by ! le>n$ _w t ,! ,contemplative ,life 0 n writt5 by ,philo ne>ly n9ete5 c5turies ago1 in/ead ( be+ writt5 by a monk 9 ! ?ird c5tury ( ! ,*ri/ian era4 ,ev5 ,macaulay & ,bancr(t h made mi/akes1 & s h _m o!r au?ors ( good repute4 ,i h always tri$ to pres]ve a rev]5t _s--a g5u9e respect = true religion & morality4 ,i h always be5 pr(\ndly religi\s1 & _c rememb] ! "t :5 ,i 0 n dev\t4 ,b ,i d n believe t x is ev] prop] 8to d evil t good may come40 ,9 ?is "w ,i h s\ght only ! tru?1 9 ! firm conviction t sup]/ition & falsehood _c promote a c\rse ( "r liv+1 :i* is ! object & aim ( all true religion4 ,i h a supreme disreg>d = lit]>y fame4 ,i d n %r9k f be+ call$ a compil] or ev5 a plagi>i/4 ,!re is absolutely v little ( real orig9ality 9 ! _w4 ,i c\ld h foll[$ ! c\rse ( _m writ]s & absorb$ or assimilat$1 & ?us seem+ly made my own :at !y _h writt52 b ,i h *os5 to quote freely1 & s h sub/antially giv5 ! words ( _m au?ors ( repute1 & at ! same "t sav$ myself ! labor ( a re-co9+1 :i* does n1 aft] all1 deceive ! intellig5t read]4 ,! books f :i* ,i l>gely quote are ma9ly volum9\s & v exp5sive1 & "s ( !m are out ( pr9t4 ,i am indebt$ to ! le>n$ foot-notes ( ,evan ,p[ell ,m]$i? 9 8 prize essay on ,! ,prophet ( ,naz>e? = sev]al ?+s1 & mu/ n fail to ackn[l$ge my obligations to c]ta9 liv+ au?ors = valuable assi/ance1 & especially to my fri5d ,dr4 ,alex&] ,wild]1 :o prep>$ at my reque/ ! sub/ance ( ,*apt] ,x41 ,! ,drama ( ! ,gospels1 & :o1 9 my judgm5t1 has few sup]iors 9 classical & ,ori5tal lit]ature4 ,i sympa?ize ) ^? p]sons :o w compla9-+ly exclaim1 8,y h tak5 away my ,savi\r1 & ,i "k n :]e y h laid him40 ,b suppose t we d n ne$ a ,savi\r 9 ! evangelical s5se8 ,suppose t man has n fall51 b t ! race has be5 ris+ ^! _m c5turies2 & t :ile we h ma9ly to save ourselves1 all ! good & great m5 ( all ages h aid$ u 9 ! "w ( salvation by :at !y h said & done & suff]$1 s t in/ead ( "o savior we really h _h _m saviors4 ,i ?9k t ?is view is m reasonable & consol+ ?an ! comm]cial device ( :at is call$ ! 8s*eme ( r$emption10 besides hav+ sci5tific facts to su/a9 x4 ,i h pres]v$ on ! title-page "s ( my college degrees1 to indicate my pr(essional /udies ( !ology & law1 & n f motives ( p$antry4 ,r4 ,b4 ,,we/brook4 #agjg ,ox=d ,/reet1 ,philadelphia4 ,,skeleton ,,keys ,,to ,,sac]dotal ,,secrets ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,! ,,:ole ,,tru? 8,= !re is no?+ cov]$ t %all n be reveal$1 nei!r hid t %all n be kn[n4 ,!re=e1 :atsoev] ye h spok5 9 d>kness1 %all be he>d 9 ! light1 & t :i* ye h spok5 9 ! e>1 9 closets1 %all be proclaim$ ^u ! h\setops40--,luke #ab3 #b1 #c4 ,,! assumption is g5]al t if ! fai? ( ! common p %\ld be unsettl$ z to "s ?+s :i* !y h h]et(ore be5 taught reg>d+ religion1 !y w\ld imm$iately reject all tru?1 & fall into a mo/ deplorable /ate ( skepticism & infidelity1 & t ! exi/+ in/itutions ( religion w\ld be de/roy$1 & public virtue s und]m9$ z to endang] ! v f\ndations ( morality & civil gov]nm5t4 ,?is is n only ! fe> ( cons]vative & timid cl]gym51 b _m ( our prom95t /atesm5 seem anxi\s le/ ! enlight5m5t ( ! p 9 matt]s 9 :i* !y h be5 cruelly deceiv$ %\ld s weak5 ! re/ra9ts ( police & gov]nm5tal au?ority z to result 9 univ]sal an>*y & a g5]al disreg>d ( ! rights ( prop]ty1 & ev5 ( ! sacr$ness ( human life4 ,^! fooli% fe>s %[ a great want ( confid5ce 9 human nature1 & falsely assume t moral "* dep5ds ma9ly ^u an unque/ion+ fai? 9 c]ta9 dogmas :i*1 9 po9t ( fact1 h no necess>y connection ) x4 ,! /ati/ics ( crime %[ t a v l>ge majority ( ^? :o h be5 seiz$ by ! /rong arm ( ! law z dang]\s memb]s ( society are ^? :o mo/ he>tily believe 9 ^? v dogmas ( !ology :i* we are w>n$ n to criticise1 ?\gh we may "k !m to be accretions ( ignorance & sup]/ition1 & t "s ( !m h a natural t5d5cy to fett] ! ess5tial pr9ciples ( true religion & t high] code ( morality :i* alone c /& /rong "u all circum/ances4 ,x is safe to affirm t n9ety-n9e hundr$?s ( ! crim9al class believe1 or pr(ess to believe1 9 ! dogmas ( ! dom9ant !ology1 ,romi% & ,prote/ant2 :i* are ess5tially ! same4 ,x is too (t5 =gott5 t ! v fir/ condition ( good gov]nm5t is fai? 9 human nature1 confid5ce 9 ! p4 ,y always excite di%onor & di%one/y by treat+ m5 z if y ?9k !m all rogues1 & z if y expect no?+ good f !m1 b e conceivable evil1 only z !y may be re/ra9$ by ! fe> ( pa9s & p5alties 9 ?is life & aft] dea?4 ,"o great fundam5tal mi/ake ( !ologians & dogmatic pieti/s is ! baseless assumption t religion is some?+ sup]natural1 n to say anti-natural2 some?+ ext]nal to human nature & ( =eign orig92 some?+ to be receiv$ by transfusion z ! result or consequ5ce ( fai? 9 c]ta9 dogmas or ! obs]vance ( ext]nal rites2 some?+ bottl$ up by ! ,*ur*1 l r>e & preci\s m$ic9es 9 an apo!c>y-%op1 to be dealt out to ^? :o are will+ to foll[ prie/ly prescriptions & pay ! requir$ price4 ,! fact is1 *ur*es & scriptures & dogmas are ! outcome ( t religi\s elem5t :i* is inh]5t 9 human nature4 ,x _c be too (t5 or too /rongly urg$ t ! religi\s pr9ciple is innate & in]adicable 9 mank9d1 & t y might z well try to de/roy man's love ( ! beautiful1 8 desire = k1 8 love ( home & k9dr$1 or ev5 8 appetite = food1 z to try to de/roy x4 ,x is z natural to feel ! want ( religion z x is to be hungry4 ,y _c de/roy ! f\ndations ( religion4 ,!y re/ 9 nature & ant$ate all cre$s & *ur*es1 & w survive !m4 ,ev5 ,pr(essor ,tyndall says3 8,! facts ( religi\s feel+ are to me z c]ta9 z ! facts ( physics40 444 8,! _w w h religion ( "s k9d40444 8,y :o h escap$ f ^! religions into ! high & dry light ( intellect may d]ide !m1 b 9 do+ s y d]ide accid5ts ( =m m]ely1 & fail to t\* ! immovable basis ( ! religi\s s5tim5t 9 ! nature ( man4 ,to yield ?is s5tim5t reasonable satisfaction is ! problem ( problems at ?is h\r40 ,r5an also writes ?us3 8,all ! symbols :i* s]ve to give %ape to ! religi\s s5tim5t are imp]fect1 & _! fate is to be "o aft] ano!r reject$4 ,b no?+ is m remote f ! tru? ?an ! dream ( ^? :o seek to imag9e a p]fect$ humanity )\t religion40444 8,devotion is z natural z egoism to a true-born man4 ,! organization ( devotion is religion4 ,let no "o hope1 !re=e1 to disp5se ) religion or religi\s associations4 ,ea* progression ( mod]n society w r5d] ?is want m imp]i\s40 ,we use ! ^w religion z x 0 us$ by ,cic]o1 9 ! s5se ( scruple1 imply+ ! consci\sness ( a natural obligation :olly irrespective ( :at "o may believe conc]n+ ! gods4 ,religion 9 its true mean+ is ! great fact ( duty1 ( oughtness1 consi/+ 9 an hone/ & p]si/5t ef=t to realize ideal excell5ce & to trans=m x into actual "* & practical life4 ,religion z a _s & a life is object$ to by none1 b is admir$ & comm5d$ by all4 ,x is sup]/ition1 bigotry1 cr$ulity1 & dogma t are dete/able4 ,! religi\s in/9ct has be5 p]v]t$1 turn$ into wrong *annels1 made subs]vi5t to prie/craft & k+craft1 b its basic pr9ciple rema9s = ev] firm4 ,if x c\ld h be5 de/roy$1 ! ma*9ations ( prie/s w\ld h annihilat$ x long ago4 ,give y\rselves no anxiety ab\t ! corn]-/one ( religion1 b look well to ! rott5 sup]/ructures t h be5 re>$ ^u x4 ,its pr(ess$ fri5ds are (t5 its real enemies4 ,x is ! false prophet :o is afraid to h 8 oracles subject$ to te/s ( reason & hi/ory4 ,x is ! evil-do] :o is afraid ( ! light1 ! consci\s ?ief :o objects to be+ se>*$4 ,an hone/ man w\ld say1 8,let ! tru? be publi%$1 ?\gh ! heav5s fell40 ,! :ole tru? %\ld be publi%$1 z a matt] ( common hone/y1 if no?+ m4 ,we h no moral "r to conceal ! tru?1 any m ?an we h to proclaim falsehood4 ,he :o delib]ately does ! "o w n hesitate long ab\t do+ ! o!r4 ,& ?is is "o ( ! mo/ s]i\s aspects ( ?is subject4 ,he :o c br+ himself to practise deceit reg>d+ religion w soon be a villa9 at he>t1 ev5 if worldly prud5ce is /rong en\gh to keep him out ( ! p5it5ti>y4 ,z a rule1 ! unfai?ful tea*] inflicts a great] evil ^u 8 own s\l ?an ^u 8 unsuspect+ dupe4 ,! deceiv] is sure to be ov]tak5 by 8 own deceit4 ,mean m5 become m mean1 & li>s come to believe _! own (t-repeat$ falsehoods4 ,?is pr9ciple may 9 "p acc\nt = ! fact t 9 all ages di%one/1 m]c5>y1 design+ prie/s h be5 mo/ corrupt citiz5s & ready tools 9 ! h&s ( tyrants to oppress & enslave ! p4 ,e deceptive act blunts ! moral s5se1 defiles & se>s ! consci5ce1 until at la/ ! hypocrite deg5]ates into a slimy1 subtle human s]p5t t always crawls ^u its belly & eats du/4 ,secretiv5ess & deceitfulness become a second nature1 & %[ !mselves cont9ually ev5 9 ! ord9>y affairs ( life4 ,! reflex influ5ce ( deception ^u ! deceiv] himself is its mo/ bitt] condemnation4 ,b mod]n prea*]s h a way ( ju/ify+ _! evasions & prev>ications by say+ t ev5 ,jesus himself )held f 8 own disciples "s ?+s1 = ! reason t !y 7 8n able to be> !m10 q ov]look+ ! fact t he is also report$ to h said1 8,:5 ! ,_s ( tru? has come1 he w tea* y all ?+s10 & t o!r passage 7,luke #ab3 #b71 :]e ,jesus is repres5t$ z say+1 8,= !re is no?+ cov]$ t %all n be reveal$1 nei!r hid t %all n be kn[n4 ,!re=e1 :atsoev] ye h spok5 9 d>kness1 %all be he>d 9 ! light1 & t :i* ye h spok5 9 ! e>1 9 closets1 %all be proclaim$ ^u ! h\setops40 ,if aft] eighte5 hundr$ ye>s ( ,*ri/ian tea*+ ! "t has n yet come to proclaim ! :ole tru?1 x is n likely to come = _m ages 9 ! future4 ,if religion is a my/]y too great to be compreh5d$1 too sacr$ = rev]5t b untrammell$ inve/igation1 some?+ t c only exi/ ) a bl9d1 unreason+ cr$ulity & ! utt] /ultification ( ! natural faculties ( a true manhood1 !n religion is n wor? :at x co/s & %\ld be expos$ z a delusion & a sn>e4 ,! "t = ! religi\s ,kabala has pass$1 & ambiguities1 concealm5ts1 & evasions are no long] to be tol]at$4 ,m>t9 ,lu!r build$ bett] ?an he knew :5 he proclaim$ ! "r ( private judgm5t 9 matt]s ( religion4 ,x has tak5 two hundr$ ye>s = ?is fundam5tal pr9ciple to become ?or\ghly accept$ by ! p2 b s firmly is x n[ e/abli%$ t bigot$ ecclesia/ics might z well attempt to resi/ ! tr5d ( an e>?quake1 /op ! ris+ ( ! sun1 & turn ! light ( noonday into ! d>kness ( midnight z to attempt to arre/ ! progress ( a true religi\s rationalism4 ,! mad rav+s ( fanatics w h no m influ5ce ?an ! pope's bull _h on ! comet4 ,le>n+ is no long] monopoliz$ by a few monks & m9i/]s4 ,= e five cl]gym5 :o are abrea/ ) ! times1 ! progress ( mod]n ?\ght1 & ! conclusions ( sci5ce1 !re are fifty laym5 :o are famili> ) ! writ+s ( ,humboldt1 ,d>w91 ,huxley1 ,sp5c]1 ,tyndall1 & scores ( o!r sci5ti/s1 to :om ! _w is m indebt$ = true progress ?an to all ! lazy monks & mutt]+ prie/s :o h liv$ s9ce ! _w began4 ,! fact is1 ! old delusion t m5 mu/ look to ! sac]dotal class exclusively1 or ev5 ma9ly1 = religi\s tru?1 has be5 = ev] bani%$ f ! m9ds ( intellig5t m54 ,! lit]ature ( ! day is full ( free ?\ght & d[nright rationalism1 & ev5 ! secul> newspap] is a mission>y ( religi\s progress & re=m1 & br+s /irr+ messages ( intellectual progress e day to our breakfa/-tables4 ,! _w moves1 & ^? :o attempt to /op x are sure to be cru%$4 ,! pret5ce t any?+ is too sacr$ = inve/igation & publication w n /& ! light ( ?is wide-awake n9ete5? c5tury4 ,x is (t5 said t ! common p are n ready = ! :ole tru?4 ,9 #ahgc1 ,dr4 ,j4 ,g4 ,holl&1 !n editor ( ,scribn]'s ,mon?ly1 wrote to ,dr4 ,augu/us ,blauvelt decl9+ to publi% an article on 8,! ,div9e & ,infallible ,inspiration ( ! ,bible10 & add$1 8,i believe y are "r4 ,i %\ld l to speak y\r words to ! _w2 b if ,i d speak !m x w pretty c]ta9ly co/ me my connection ) ! magaz9e4 ,?is sacrifice ,i am will+ to make if duty requires x4 ,i am afraid ( no?+ b do+ injury to ! cause ,i love4444 ,9 %ort1 y see t ,i s9c]ely d\bt :e!r ! ,*ri/ian _w is ready = ?is article4444 ,in/ead ( ! !ologians ! p w\ld h[l4444 ,i _c yet c>ry my audi5ce 9 su* a revolution4 ,p]haps ,i %all be able to d s by & by1 b z ,i look at x to-day x seems impossible4444 ,my de> fri5d1 ,i believe 9 y4 ,y are 9 advance ( y\r "t4 ,y h great b5efits 9 y\r h&s = y\r "t4 ,y are free & true4 ,& ,i m\rn sadly & 9 g5u9e di/ress t ,i _c speak y\r words ) a tongue :i* all my fell[-,*ri/ians c he>4 ,!y w n he> !m yet4 ,!y w "s "t44440 ,dr4 ,holl& has pass$ away & _c reply to criticism4 ,let u be k9d & *>itable4 ,he int5d$ to be "r1 b he 0 mi/ak54 ,! p d n h[l :5 ! tru? is publi%$1 ev5 ?\gh _! prejudices may be ar\s$2 & no t$i\s prep>ation is n[ necess>y to be able to he> ! :ole tru?4 ,! masses ( ! p are hungry = k1 & x is high "t t !y be hone/ly f$4 ,!y n[ m ?an half suspect t !y h be5 deceiv$ by ^? "s ( :om !y h educat$ by _! *>ities & lib]ally paid to tea* !m ! tru?4 ,:51 9 #ahge1 ,scribn]'s ,mon?ly did publi% ,dr4 ,blauvelt's articles on 8,mod]n ,skepticism10 x 0 n ! p t 8h[l$40 ,x 0 ! cl]gy4 ,"s ( !m dem&$ a new editor2 o!rs w>n$ ! p f ! pulpit n to patronize ,scribn]2 & "o di/+ui%$ man decl>$ t ! magaz9e mu/ be 8/amp$ out10 & at once organiz$ a mo/ p[]ful ecclesia/ical comb9ation aga9/ ! fre$om ( ! press2 & yet ! ,nor? ,am]ican ,review & o!r simil> magaz9es are today do+ m to settle long-moot$ religi\s que/ions ?an all ! pulpits 9 ,*ri/5dom2 & ! p d n h[l4 ,no respectable ent]pris+ publi%] n[ hesitates to publi% a book ( real m]it1 h[ev] mu* its doctr9es may diff] f ! dom9ant fai?s4 ,! masses ( ! p are det]m9$ to "k all t c be kn[n ( ! hi/ory1 philosophy1 & pr9ciples ( religion2 & ! great] ! ef=t to conceal & suppress ! tru? ! /rong] w be ! dem& = its full & undisguis$ proclamation4 ,t !re is a g5]al drift+ away f ! old =mulas ( religi\s doctr9e ev]ybody kn[s1 & yet !re is m practical religion 9 ! _w to-day ?an 9 any previ\s age4 ,x does n consi/ 9 fa/+s & att5dance ^u ecclesia/ical rites & ord9ances2 b x takes ! =m ( univ]sal education1 ( provid+ homes = fri5dless infancy & old age1 ( ! prev5tion ( cruelty to *ildr5 & ev5 to brute animals1 ( ! m rational & humane treatm5t ( lunatics1 paup]s1 & crim9als1 ameliorat+ ! mis]ies ( prisons & hospitals1--9 %ort1 ( elevat+ & improv+ ! condition ( univ]sal humanity4 ,^! truly religi\s works d n dep5d ^u any p>ticul> /atem5t ( religi\s belief1 = all sects & p]sons ( no sect are equally engag$ 9 !m4 ,*>ities w\ld n cease if all cre$s %\ld be ab&on$ or %\ld be s revis$ z n to be recogniz$ by ! disciples ( ,calv9 & ,wesley1 & if e prie/ 9 ! l& %\ld h5ce=? give up ! mumm]ies & pu]ilities ( ! ,d>k ,ages4 ,religion1 z ! 8en?usiasm ( humanity10 ! cultivation ( all ! virtues1 & ! practice ( ! highe/ morality gr[+ out ( ! inali5able rights ( man 9 all ! relations ( life1 is a fix$ fact4 ,x is a natural end[m5t1 coeval ) humanity 9 its developm5t & progress1 & is z absolutely inde/ructible z manhood itself4 ,s f> f be+ true is ! assumption t religion w\ld be imp]ill$ by ! exposure ( ! false dogmas ( !ology & ! hea!ni% rites & sup]/iti\s c]emonies ( ecclesia/icism1 x is cle> to _m m9ds t ! my?s ( dogmatic !ology & ! absurdities ( primitive ages are ! *ief ob/acles 9 ! way ( ! free c\rse ( true religion2 & x may safely be affirm$ t ! di/+ui%+ dogmas ( ! dom9ant !ology1 ,ca?olic & ,prote/ant1 z w h]eaft] be %[n1 are ess5tially demoraliz+ & logically t5d to und]m9e & corrupt public virtue4 ,x is n int5d$ to affirm t *ur*es & !ologians d no good & t _! entire influ5ce is bad4 ,!y tea* mu* t is humane 9 pr9ciple & moral 9 practice1 & s d good = society4 ,nev]!less1 x is true t mu* ( ! rott5 morality ( ! times c be philosophically trac$ to ! influ5ce ( a false !ology4 ,! ma9 dogmas ( ,romi% & or?odox ,prote/ant cre$s are false1 & x is absurd to suppose t a pure sy/em ( public virtue c be f\nd$ ^u ignorance1 sup]/ition1 & falsehood4 ,b1 aft] all1 we are ask$1 ,does x make any odds :at "o believes if he is only s9c]e 9 8 fai?8 ,! obvi\s answ] is1 t ! m s9c]ely y believe a lie ! m dang]\s is y\r fai?4 ,! m tru/fully y build ^u a s&y f\ndation ! soon] & great] w be ! fall & ru9 ( ! sup]/ructure4 ,! m implicitly y confide 9 a di%one/ p>tn] or ag5t ! m successful w be 8 robb]y4 ,!re is no safety 9 error & falsehood4 ,! ,we/m9/] div9es well said1 8,tru? is 9 ord] to righte\sness40 ,!re c be no true righte\sness inh]5t 9 a sy/em ( sup]/ition & falsehood4 ,! failure ( ! ,*ur* to rea* ! masses & to e/abli% a condition ( public hone/y sup]ior to ! anci5t hea!n morality %[s t !re mu/ be "s s]i\s defect 9 its me?ods4 ,b ! cru%+ objection to !ological agitation & free discussion is ! common "o t 8x is unwise to unsettle & de/roy ! fai? ( ! p 9 ! dom9ant !ology unless !re is some?+ bett] to (f] !m z a sub/itute40 ,!re is some?+ bett]4 ,tru? is always bett] & saf] ?an falsehood4 ,9 ! discussions :i* are to foll[ an attempt w be made to %[ t !re is a natural religion :i* accords ) enlight5$ reason1 & :i* _c fail to furni% a firm sci5tific f\ndation = ! highe/ morality4 ,! common say+1 t 8x is bett] to h a false religion ?an no religion10 conta9s two gr\ndless assumptions--viz4 t x is possible = a man to h no religion1 & t t :i* is false may be dignifi$ ) ! "n religion4 ,x is ab\t "t t ?+s %\ld be call$ by _! "r names1 & t sup]/ition & falsehood %\ld n be deem$ necess>y to public morality4 ,= a religion 7s call$7 ( sup]/ition & falsehood !re mu/ be a religion ( natural sci5ce t _c be ov]?r[n1 & :i* _c fail to make its way among m5 z k %all increase & ! pr9ciples ( true religi\s philosophy %all be bett] und]/ood4 ,we %\ld n be fright5$ at ! c[>dly cry ( 8de/ructive criticism40 ,we mu/ pull d[n be=e we c recon/ruct4 ,,conclusions4 7#a7 ,to imitate ! example ( ! e>ly ,*ri/ian ,fa!rs 9 fraud1 falsehood1 & =g]y = ! promotion ( religion is a policy t is too %ock+ to ! moral s5se ( civiliz$ m5 ev]y:]e to be tol]at$4 ,to )hold or suppress ! tru? is a crime aga9/ humanity & contr>y to ! _s ( ?is age2 & ^? :o d x are ! enemies ( progress & unwor?y to be recogniz$ z ! au?oritative tea*]s ( ! _w4 7#b7 ,^? :o publi% t :i* is false or suppress :at is true n only d a great wrong to ! p1 b1 if possible1 d a great] wrong to _! own s\ls1 & mu/ suff] ! consequ5ces4 ,!y mu/ h an awful reckon+ ) et]nal1 retributive ju/ice4 7#c7 ,x is a mo/ egregi\s mi/ake to suppose t ! p _c be tru/$ ) ! :ole tru?--t _! s5se ( "r is s dull & flimsy t on ! slighte/ discov]y ( ! errors 9 :i* !y h be5 in/ruct$ f infancy !y w\ld lose confid5ce 9 all tru? & rightfulness & ru% riot\sly to ru94 ,if ! p mu/ be hoodw9k$ = ev]1 !n ! di/+ui%+ pr9ciple ( ! ,prote/ant ,re=mation & ! basic pr9ciples ( our ,am]ican ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce & republican gov]nm5t are false & delusive1 & we %\ld return to m$ival times & to feudal & autocratic gov]nm5t 9 ,*ur* & ,/ate4 7#d7 ,x is high "t t m5 %\ld see t dogma is n religion2 t bl9d fai? is m to be fe>$ ?an rational skepticism & sci5tific inve/igation2 t :atev] is oppos$ to reason & sci5ce 9 !ology c be sp>$1 n only )\t any loss1 b greatly to ! advantage ( true religion & s\nd morality4 ,all ! religion t is wor? hav+ is natural & rational1 & corresponds ) ! facts ( ! univ]se z !y are demon/rat$ by ! crucibles ( sci5ce & ! inductions ( a s\nd philosophy4 ,! pr9cipal moral obligations ( m5 gr[ out ( _! relations to ea* o!r 9 life1 & no?+ c be m complete ?an ! ,gold5 ,rule1 emphasiz$ 9 ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt1 b z cle>ly taught 9 ! ,jewi% ,babylonian ,talmud1 & 9 ! tw5ty-f\r? ,maxim ( ! ,*9ese philosoph] ,confucius1 & _m o!rs c5turies be=e ! ,*ri/ian era4 7#e7 ,in/ead ( load+ d[n religion ) ,ori5tal my?s & fables1 in/ead ( a gorge\s ritualism & surplic$ prie/s1 borr[$ lit]ally f ! anci5t paganism1 in/ead ( dogmas & cre$s & unque/ion+ fai? & bl9d submission to ecclesia/ical dictation & rule1 we want s\nd moral in/ruction 9 ! great fundam5tal tru?s ( nature & ( sci5ce1 :i* w always be f\nd to /r5g!n & confirm ! pr9ciples ( true religion4 ,^! are ! s\rces f :i* to ga9 light4 ,we want less cre$ & m e?ical culture1 less pr(ession & p>aph]nalia 9 religi\s wor%ip & m practical philosophy & common s5se4 7#f7 ,! man :o 9 sci5tific matt]s w\ld make false repres5tations & conceal ! real tru? w\ld be deem$ an impo/or1 & ! "t has come :5 hypocrites & c[>ds 9 !ology %\ld be made to feel _! degradation & be =c$ into an op5 ab&onm5t ( 8ways t are d>k & tricks t are va940 ,if we w\ld scorn delusions 9 natural philosophy1 if we w\ld correct errors 9 oceanic *>ts1 a/ronomical diagrams1 & geographical maps1 :y %\ld we hesitate to correct ! mo/ egregi\s blund]s reg>d+ ^? ?+s :i* are inf9itely m important8 ,c we ) any prop] s5se ( propriety & "r connive at falsehood & uphold & /r5g!n x by our sil5ce & c[>dly neglig5ce 9 fail+ to expose x8 ,are n all delusions debas+ & oppos$ to ! progress ( tru? & ! elevation ( mank9d8 ,9 all ! dep>tm5ts ( human k religion & morality are mo/ imp]ative 9 _! dem&s = pure & unadult]at$ tru?2 & he :o does n recognize ?is fact s9s griev\sly aga9/ 8 own s\l1 aga9/ ! human family1 & aga9/ ! tru? & its et]nal ,au?or1 ! ,god ( all tru?4 7#g7 ,f9ally1 let x n be ov]look$ t x w n1 = _m reasons1 be possible mu* long] to keep ! p 9 ignorance1 & to palm (f ^u !m my?s = v]itable hi/ory & a sy/em ( !ology pla9ly at v>iance ) ! conclusions ( sci5ce1 ! facts ( hi/ory1 & ! spiritual & moral consci\sness ( e true & well-develop$ man4 ,! s*oolma/] is abroad1 & ! _s ( fe>less inve/igation is 9 ! air1 & m5 w1 soon] or lat]1 f9d out :at is true2 & :5 !y come to und]/& h[ !y h be5 impos$ ^u by _! c[>dly tea*]s1 a fe>ful reaction w be ! result2 & woe to ! hypocrite & "t-s]v] :5 t "t comes6 ,x is !re=e n only good pr9ciple1 b good policy1 to tell ! :ole tru? n[4 ,! foll[+ copy ( a book-notice well describes ! preval5t policy reg>d+ matt]s ( fai?3 8,a !ory ( religi\s philosophy :i* is mu* common] among u ?an mo/ ( u ?9k1 b :i* has nev] be5 express$ s fully or s attractively z 9 ! /ory ( ,m>ius4 8#8,submit1' x seems to say1 #8to ! religi\s ord] ab\t y1 accept ! common beliefs1 or at lea/ behave z if y accept$ !m1 & live habitually 9 ! atmosph]e ( feel+ & s5sation :i* !y h eng5d]$ & /ill eng5d]2 surr5d] y\r feel+ :ile /ill ma9ta9+ ! intellectual citadel intact2 pray1 weep1 dream ) ! majority :ile y ?9k ) ! elect2 only s w y obta9 f life all x has to give1 its mo/ delicate flavor1 its subtle/ aroma4'0 ,aga9/ su* a %am ! writ] he>tily prote/s1 z aga9/ ! villa9\s maxim1 quot$ f memory1 accr$it$ to ,ari/otle3 8,?9k ) ! sages & philosoph]s1 b talk l ! common p40 ,come :at may1 let u cease to pr(ess :at we h ceas$ to believe4 8,! two le>n$ p ( ! village10 says ,dr4 ,oliv] ,w5dell ,holmes1 tell+ ( 8 fanciful ,arr[head ,village1 87 ! rector & ! doctor4 ,^! two wor?ies kept up ! old controv]sy betwe5 ! pr(essions :i* gr[s out ( ! fact t "o /udies nature f bel[ upw>d1 & ! o!r f above d[nw>d4 ,! rector ma9ta9$ t physicians contract$ a squ9t :i* turns _! eyes inw>dly1 :ile ! muscles :i* roll _! eyes upw>d become palsi$4 ,! doctor retort$ t !ological /ud5ts develop$ a ?ird eyelid--! nictitat+ membrane1 :i* is s well kn[n 9 birds1 & :i* s]ves to %ut out1 n all light1 b all ! light !y d n want40 ,! ,presbyt]ians h provid$ = a revision ( _! cre$1 ?\gh !y h /ultifi$ !mselves by c]ta9 re/rictions1 %utt+ out ! light !y d n want6 ,let u hope t ! "t w soon come :5 m5 w be hone/ en\gh & brave en\gh to foll[ ! tru? :]ev] x may lead4 ,let !re be p]fect v]acity above all ?+s1 m especially 9 matt]s ( religion4 ,x is n a "q ( c\rtesies :i* deceive no "o4 ,to pr(ess :at is n believ$ is immoral4 ,immorality & untru? c nev] lead to morality & virtue2 all language :i* conveys untru?1 ei!r 9 sub/ance or appe>ance1 %\ld be am5d$ s t words c be und]/ood 9 _! recogniz$ mean+s1 )\t equivocal explanations or affirmations4 ,let hi/oric facts h _! true explanation4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,sac]dotalism ,,impea*$ 8,! heads !re( judge = rew>d1 & ! prie/s !re( tea* = hire1 & ! prophets !re( div9e = money40--,micah #c3 #aa4 8,put me1 ,i pray !e1 into "o ( ! prie/s' (fices1 t ,i may eat a piece ( bread40--#a ,sam4 #b3 #cf4 ,,! cognom5s prie/1 prophet1 presbyt]1 prea*]1 p>son1 & pa/or h c]ta9 ?+s 9 common1 & ^! titles may !re=e be us$ int]*angeably4 ,z f> back z hi/ory ext5ds1 ! (fice or ord] n[ repres5t$ by ! cl]ical pr(ession exi/$4 ,x 0 z common among pagan tribes 9 ! remote/ p]iods z among ,jews & ,*ri/ians 9 m mod]n times4 ,s]vice done to ! gods by ! few 9 behalf ( ! _m is ! prim>y idea ( ! prie/ly function4 ,x has always & ev]y:]e be5 ! pr(ession & pr]ogative ( ! prie/s to pret5d to approa* ne>e/ to ! gods & to propitiate !m2 on acc\nt ( :i* !y h always be5 suppos$ to h special influ5ce ) ! reign+ deity & to be ! au?oriz$ exp\nd]s & int]pret]s ( ! div9e oracles4 ,! prie/hood has always be5 a ca/e1 a 8holy ord]20 & x 0 no less s among anci5t ,jews ?an among mod]n ,*ri/ians4 ,9 all *ur*es cl]gym5 ex-(ficio ex]cise c]ta9 sacr$ pr]ogatives4 ,!y occupy select seats 9 e sanctu>y4 ,!y lead 9 e act ( wor%ip4 ,!y preside ov] e sacr$ c]emony4 ,!y exclusively adm9i/] ! ord9ances ( religion4 ,!y baptize ! *ildr5 & give or )hold ! 8,holy ,communion40 ,!y celebrate our m>riages1 visit our sick1 & conduct our fun]als4 ,9 ,romi% *ur*es & 9 "s ( our ,prote/ant *ur*es !y pret5d to pron\nce 8absolution0 & to seal ! po/ulant = ! heav5ly re/4 ,x is n necess>y1 n[ & "h1 to speak ( ! evil influ5ce t ^! pret5sions ex]t ^u ! common p1 nor ( ! light 9 :i* intellig5t1 ?9k+ wom5 & m5 commonly reg>d !m2 b x is appropriate to note ! reflex influ5ce :i* su* assumptions h ^u ! cl]gy !mselves1 disqualify+ !m = su* rational pres5tation ( doctr9al tru? z _! he>]s h a "r to expect4 ,! pride ( 8 ord] makes x humiliat+ = ! prie/ to admit t :at he does n "k is wor? kn[+4 ,claim+ to be ! au?oriz$ exp\nd] ( ,god's w1 h[ c he admit t he c possibly be 9 error 9 any matt] relat+ to religion8 ,9 view ( ! high pret5sions ( 8 ord]1 f\nd$1 z he claims1 ^u a pl5>ily-inspir$ & infallible book-revelation1 & he pr(ess+ to be specially call$ & sanctifi$ by ,god himself z 8 repres5tative1 x w\ld be ecclesia/ical treason to admit1 ev5 by implication1 t he is n 9 possession ( all tru?4 ,reg>d+ 8 cre$ z a f9ality1 8 m9d becomes n>r[1 circumscrib$1 & unprogressive4 ,he 0 taught f *ildhood t 8to d\bt is to be damn$10 & ?r\gh all 8 novitiate he 0 w>n$ aga9/ be+ unsettl$ by ! delusions ( reason & ! wiles ( infidelity4 ,8 pr(essional education has be5 n>r[1 "o-sid$1 sect>ian4 ,he has seldom1 if ev]1 read any?+ outside ( 8 own d5om9ational lit]ature1 & has he>d little f anybody b 8 own !ological pr(essors & associates4 ,he suspects t ,humboldt1 ,sp5c]1 ,huxley1 & ,tyndall are all infidels1 & t ! sum & sub/ance ( ,evolution1 z taught by ,d>w91 is t man is ! l9eal desc5dant ( ! monkey4 ,"s p]sons ?9k t m9i/]s are (t5 select$ f among weakl+s 9 ! family fold4 ,h[ev]1 ?is may be1 ! absorption ( ! 8holy-ord]s0 idea1 & ! natural self-assurance & self-satisfaction t belong to a ca/e pr(ession1 r5d] delusive ! hope t any?+ orig9al c ev] come f su* a s\rce4 ,:e!r weak at fir/ or n1 ! habits ( ?\ght & ! peculi> tra9+ ( "y ecclesia/ics are almo/ sure to dw>f !m intellectually = life4 ,! !ological /ud5t has become ! butt 9 wide-awake society ev]y:]e1 & 8 appe>ance 9 public is ! occasion = je/s & ridicule ov] 8 sanctimoni\s vanity & silly pride4 ,! extreme cl]ical co/ume :i* he is sure to assume excites ! disgu/ ( s5sible p1 ?\gh he may m>* ?r\gh ! /reet & up ! aisle ) ! regulation /ep ( ! 8ord]10 & suppose himself to be ! object ( rev]5t admiration on ! "p ( all behold]s4 ,no wond] t ! *ur*es compla9 t few "y m5 ( ability ent] ! m9i/ry 9 ^! mod]n times4 ,! prie/ly (fice has always be5 deem$ "o ( great influ5ce1 s t anci5t k+s 7 accu/om$ to assume x4 ,?is 0 true ( ! k+s ( anci5t ,egypt1 & ! practice 0 kept up among ! ,greeks & ,romans4 ,ev5 ,con/ant9e1 ! fir/ ,*ri/ian emp]or 7s call$71 cont9u$ to ex]cise ! function ( a pagan prie/ aft] 8 pr(ess$ conv]sion to ,*ri/ianity1 & he 0 n initiat$ into ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* by baptism until j be=e 8 dea?4 ,"o excommunicat$ k+ lay = ?ree days & nights 9 ! sn[ 9 ! c\rty>d be=e ! ,pope w\ld grant him an audi5ce6 ,! 8,pontifex-,maximus0 idea ( ! ,roman emp]ors 0 ! real f\ndation ( ! 8temporal p[]0 claim$ by ! bi%ops ( ,rome4 ,k+craft & prie/craft h always be5 9 close alliance4 ,:5 ! k+ 0 n a prie/ he always us$ ! prie/2 & ! prie/ has g5]ally be5 will+ to be us$ on ! side ( ! k+ z aga9/ ! p :5 lib]ally subsidiz$ by ! reign+ pot5tate4 ,moreov]1 prie/craft has always be5 ambiti\s = p[]1 & sometimes has be5 s influ5tial z to make ! mon>* subs]vi5t to ! monk4 ,m ?an "o pr\d cr[n has be5 humbly remov$ 9 tok5 ( submission to prie/ly au?ority1 & p[]ful sov]eigns h be5 oblig$ to submit to ! mo/ m5ial exactions & humiliations at ecclesia/ical m&ates4 ,! prie/ly rle has always be5 to utilize ! religi\s s5tim5t = ! subjection ( ! cr$ul\s to ! arbitr>y influ5ce ( ! ca/e or ord]4 ,prie/craft nev] c\ld af=d to h a consci5ce1 s admitt$1 & !re=e x has n %runk f ! commission ( any crime t c\ld augm5t its dom9ion4 ,its greate/ success has be5 9 ! "w ( demoralization4 ,x has always be5 ! corrupt] ( religion4 ,! ignorance & sup]/ition ( ! p & ! p]v]sions ( ! religi\s s5tim5t1 innate 9 man1 h be5 ! /ock 9 trade ( ! craft 9 all ages1 & are to-day4 ,x w be %[n lat] h[ ! :ole sy/em ( dogmatic !ology1 ,romi% & ,prote/ant 7= ! sy/em is ! same71 has be5 =m$ s z to aggr&ize ! prie/1 p]petuate 8 p[]1 & hold ! masses 9 /rict subjection4 ,?is is a simple matt] ( fact4 ,hi/ory is philosophy tea*+ by example1 & (t5 repeats itself1 & x seldom gives an example ( a prie/ly ca/e or 8holy0 ord] ( m5 lead+ 9 a great practical re=m4 ,! dom9ant prie/ly idea is to protect ! int]e/s ( ! ord]1 n to promote ! welf>e ( ! p4 ,9 view ( ^! pr9ciples & facts1 & o!rs :i* might be pres5t$1 x is reasonable to conclude t we _c expect ! :ole liv+1 unadult]at$ tru?1 ev5 if !y _h x1 f ! pr(essional cl]gy4 ,! ca/e idea r5d]s x ess5tially unnatural & philosophically impossible4 ,b !re are o!r pot5t reasons :y su* expectation is va94 ,all ,*ri/5dom is cov]$ ) num]\s sects 9 ! =m ( ecclesia/ical judicatories1 ea* claim+ to be ! true expon5t ( all religi\s tru?4 ,! ,romi% ,*ur* is pre-em95tly prie/ly & autocratic4 ,! prie/hood is ! ,*ur*1 & ! p only belong to ! ,*ur*2 t is1 belong to ! prie/hood1 & t1 too1 9 a /rong] s5se ?an at fir/ seems to atta* to ! ^w belong4 ,!n ! prie/hood itself is subdivid$ into ca/es43 8,great fleas h little fleas ^u _! backs to bite 'em1 ,& little fleas h less] fleas2 & s--ad inf9itum0 ,:5 ,patrick ,j4 ,ryan 0 in/all$ ,ar*bi%op 9 ,philadelphia1 an (fice conf]r$ by a =eign pot5tate1 our own city newspap]s 9 flam+ headl9es call$ x 8,! ,en?ronem5t ( a ,prie/60 ,& s x 04 ,he sat ^u a ?rone & receiv$ ! honors ( a pr9ce4 ,he is call$ 8,8 ,grace10 & we>s ! royal purple 9 ! public /reets4 ,bi%ops are high] ?an ! 8inf]ior cl]gy10 & ! prie/1 presbyt]1 or eld] is ( a high] ca/e ?an ! deacon1 & all are high] & m holy ?an ! p4 ,all m9i/]s ex]cise functions :i* w\ld be deem$ sacrilege 9 a layman4 ,! same odi\s _s ( ca/e prevails 9 fact1 if n s prom95tly 9 =m1 9 all or?odox d5om9ations1 especially z to ! di/9ction betwe5 ! cl]gy & ! laity4 ,ev5 ,quak]s h high] seats = 8recomm5d$ m9i/]s40 ,moreov]1 prie/s h laid d[n cre$s conta9+ c]ta9 affirmations & d5ials :i* are call$ 8,articles ( ,religion10 to :i* all /ud5ts ( div9ity & c&idates = holy ord]s mu/ subscribe be=e !y c be initiat$ into ! sacr$ arcana4 ,! pr(essor 9 ! !ological sem9>y1 :o p]haps 0 select$ = ! *air q z mu* = 8 cons]vatism z = 8 le>n+1 has tak5 a pl$ge1 if n an oa?1 t he w tea* ! "y aspirant = ecclesia/ical honors no?+ at v>iance ) ! /&>ds ( 8 d5om9ation2 :i* cov5ant he is v sure to keep 7hav+ o!r pr(essors & aspirants = pr(essor%ips to wat* him7 9 full view ( ! p5alty ( dismission f 8 *air & consequ5t ecclesia/ical degradation4 ,! v la/ place on ?is e>? :]e "o might expect orig9al rese>*1 ?or\gh inve/igation1 & fe>less proclamation ( ! :ole tru? is 9 a !ological s*ool4 ,a horse 9 a b>k-mill becomes bl9d 9 consequ5ce ( go+ r\nd & r\nd 9 ! same circul> pa?2 & ! !ological pr(essor 9 8 treadmill _c fail to become purbl9d z reg>ds all new tru?4 ,:at c be expect$ f ! graduates ( su* sem9>ies8 ,! !ological novitiate sits ) trembl+ rev]5ce at ! feet ( ! v5]able !ological ,gamaliel4 ,f 8 sanctifi$ lips he is to le>n all wisdom4 ,)\t 8 approbation he _c receive ! covet$ diploma4 ,)\t 8 recomm5dation he w n be likely to receive an e>ly call to a desirable p>i%4 ,! /ud5t is oblig$ to f9d 9 ! ,bible j :at 8 ,*ur* requires1 & no?+ m & no?+ less4 ,9 ord] to be admitt$ into ! cl]ical ca/e & h holy h&s laid ^u 8 y\?ful head he mu/ believe or pr(ess to believe1 ipsissima v]ba1 j :at ! 8,confession0 & 8,cate*ism0 conta94 ,! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,samuel ,mill] once said 9 a sort ( confid5tial und]tone1 8,:at is ! use ( exam9+ c&idates = ! m9i/ry at all z to :at !y believe8 ,! fact t !y apply = admission %[s t !y int5d to answ] all que/ions z we expect !m to answ]2 else1 !y v well "k1 we w\ld n admit !m40 ,! ecclesia/ical sy/em is emphatically an iron-b$/ead sy/em4 ,if a c&idate is too long1 x cuts him %ort]2 & if too %ort1 x /ret*es him4 ,he mu/ be made to fit4 ,!n1 aft] 8ord9ation0 or 8consecration10 ! new-fl$g$ !ologian ent]s ^u 8 public "w s press$ by ! c>es ( 8 *>ge & ! social & pr(essional dem&s ^u 8 "t t he f9ds x impossible to prep>e a lecture & two orig9al s]mons a week2 s he falls back ^u ! 8notes0 he took f ! lips ( 8 8old pr(essor0 9 ! div9ity s*ool1 or ^u "s ( ^? num]\s 8skeletons0 & 8sket*es0 ( s]mons expressly publi%$ = ! 8aid0 ( busy "y m9i/]s2 & he gives to 88 p0 a di% ( !ological ha%1 if n ( re-ha%1 in/ead ( p\r+ out 8 own liv+ words t %\ld brea! & ?\ghts t %\ld burn4 ,h5ce x is easy to see :y "o sc>cely ev] gets a fre%1 liv+ tru? f ! pulpit4 ,x is almo/ always ! same old1 old /ory ( commonplace fossils t ! wide-awake _w has outgr[n long ago1 & t mod]n sci5ce has fe>lessly consign$ to ! 8bats & ! moles0 ( ! ,d>k ,ages4 ,no wond] ! pulpit platitudes fail to attract ! masses ( e>ne/ m51 especially 9 our great cities4 ,!n if a cl]gyman %\ld discov]1 aft] ye>s ( ?\ght & /udy1 t he has be5 9 error 9 "s matt]s1 & t a pure rational int]pretation ( ! ,bible is possible1 & he really feels t ! cre$s1 z well z ! ,scriptures1 ne$ revis+1 :at c he d8 ,if he lets 8 new light %9e1 he w %>e ! fate ( ,col5so1 ,rob]tson ,smi?1 ,augu/us ,blauvelt1 ,pr(essor ,woodr[1 & scores ( o!rs4 ,he kn[s t h]esy-hunt]s are on ! sc5t ( 8 track4 ,! mad-dog cry ( ,h]etic w\ld be z fatal z a %>p %ot f ! ecclesia/ical rifle4 ,proscription1 degradation1 o/racism1 />e him 9 ! face4 ,few m5 :o h ! esprit de corps ( ecclesia/icism & a reasonable reg>d = p]sonal com=t & pref]m5t are h]oic en\gh to face ! social exclusion1 f9ancial ru91 & begg>y = !mselves & families :i* are almo/ sure to foll[ a trial & condemnation = h]esy4 ,if ! newly-enlight5$ m9i/] escapes ! inquisition ( a h]esy trial by decl>+ himself indep5d5t1 he has a gauntlet to run 9 :i* _m poison$ arr[s w be sure to pi]ce 8 quiv]+ _s4 ,x is true t "s sects h no writt5 cre$ & no trials = h]esy2 b ev5 among !m !re is an impli$ /&>d ( :at is 8regul>10 & m ?an "o gr& s\l kn[s by a sorr[ful exp]i5ce1 :at x is to belong to ! 8left w+0 ( ! ,lib]al army1 & to foll[ ! 8_s ( tru?0 outside ( ! impli$ cre$4 ,ano!r reason :y ! :ole tru? _c be expect$ f ! regul> cl]gy is1 ! influ5ce ( _! pecuni>y dep5d5ce ^u ^? to :om !y m9i/]4 ,! ,jews h always be5 great borr[]s & imitators4 ,x 0 q natural t !y %\ld adopt ! 8price-curr5t li/0 ( ! anci5t ,phnicians1 ^: prie/s n only exact$ ! tribute ( 8fir/-fruits10 b a fee 9 k9d ( ea* sacrifice4 ,!n ! judicial functions ex]cis$ by ,jewi% prie/s became a fruitful s\rce ( rev5ue1 z ! f9es = c]ta9 (f5ces 7 paid to ! prie/s 7#b ,k+s #ab3 #af2 ,hosea #d3 #h2 ,amos #b3 #h74 ,accord+ to #b ,sam4 #h3 #ah & #b ,bangs #aj3 #aa1 also #ab3 #b1 ! prie/s ( ! royal sanctu>ies became ! gr&ees ( ! realm1 :ile ! petty prie/s 7 g5]ally poor en\gh--j z is well kn[n to be ! case among ! ,*ri/ian cl]gy ( to-day1 "s receiv+ a sal>y ( tw5ty-five ?\s& doll>s & m p] annum1 :ile _m ( ! 8inf]ior cl]gy0 h>dly av]age two hundr$ & fifty doll>s a ye>4 ,t ! ,*ri/ian cl]ical pr(ession 0 borr[$ f ! ,jews1 j z ! latt] copi$ x f ! hea!n1 is evid5t f ! fact t ,paul1 :ile refus+ = himself pecuni>y support1 pref]r+ to 8"w ) 8 own h&s0 7weav+ t5t-clo?71 8liv+ 9 8 own hir$ h\se10 nev]!less def5d$ ! pr9ciple ( m9i/]ial support1 ma9ly on ! gr\nd ( ! ,mosaic law 7,deut4 #be3 #d71 8,?\ %alt n muzzle ! ox :5 he treade? out ! corn0 7#a ,cor4 #i3 #i2 #a ,tim4 #e3 #ah74 ,x is a /rik+ illu/ration ( ! inconsi/5cy ( ! mod]n cl]gy t !y quote1 9 ref]5ce to a sal>i$ m9i/ry1 ! words ascrib$ to ,jesus 7,matt4 #aj3 #aj71 8,! workman is wor?y ( 8 meat10 or1 z x is r5d]$ 9 ,luke #aj3 #g1 8,! labor] is wor?y ( 8 hire10 v conv5i5tly =gett+ to quote ! connect+ words requir+ !m to 8provide nei!r gold nor silv] nor brass 9 _! purse1 nor scrip = _! j\rney1 nei!r two coats1 nei!r %oes1 nor yet /aves10 b to ent] unc]emoni\sly into any h\se1 accept+ any pr(f]$ hospitality1 8eat+ su* ?+s z might be set be=e !m40 ,! fact is1 ! fir/ disciples ( ,jesus1 accord+ to our ,gospels1 7 m5dicant monks1 lead+ lives ( asceticism & pov]ty4 ,!re is no evid5ce t "o ( !m ev] receiv$ a sal>y2 !y made !mselves entirely dep5d5t on public *>ity & hospitality4 ,! idea ( a 8*ur* liv+0 or 8b5efic$ cl]gy0 or a sal>i$ m9i/ry nev] ent]$ into ! m9d ( ,him ( :om x is said he 8_h n :]e to lay 8 head40 ,x is en\gh = ! pres5t argum5t to emphasize ! po9t t1 9 ! v nature ( ?+s1 x is n reasonable to expect ! :ole tru? f a sal>i$ m9i/ry4 ,^? :o h a l>ge sal>y naturally desire to reta9 x2 ^? :o h small & insuffici5t sal>ies naturally desire to h !m increas$4 ,?is c only be done by c>efully pres]v+ a good or?odox /&+ accord+ to ! sect>ian %ibbole?1 & 9 pleas+ ! p :o r5t ! pews or :o dole out _! p5uri\s subscriptions = 8! support ( ! gospel40 ,high-sal>i$ m9i/]s are mo/ likely to be pr\d1 arrogant1 bigot$1 sect>ian4 ,/>vel+ m9i/]s become brok5 9 _s1 fawn+1 & cr\*+1 & !y g5]ally h an unconsci\s expression ( appeal = help1 ( importunity & expectancy1 /amp$ ^u _! faces4 ,! mill/one ( pecuni>y dep5d5ce hangs s heavily ab\t _! necks t !y seldom hold up _! heads l m51 & !y c nev] utt] a new tru? or a />tl+ s5tim5t )\t paus+ to consid] :at effect x may h on ! bread & butt] ( a dep5d5t & g5]ally num]\s family4 ,m9i/]s ) high sal>ies are almo/ sure to be spoil$1 & ^? ) l[ ones are sure to be /ultifi$ & dw>f$ intellectually & morally2 s t we _c dep5d ^u ei!r class = ! highe/ & late/ tru?s4 ,^? :o h a 8liv+10 provid$ 9 a ,/ate ,*ur*1 & ^? :o dep5d ^u volunt>y contributions f ! p1 are alike manacl$ & h&icapp$4 ,we mu/ look else:]e ?an to ! mod]n pulpit = t tru? :i* alone c give fre$om & true manl9ess4 ,p]fect indiff]5ce z to ecclesia/ical /&+1 back$ by pecuni>y indep5d5ce1 is an ess5tial condition = untrammell$ inve/igation & ! fe>less proclamation ( ! :ole tru?4 ,x 0 notic$ 9 ! rec5t conv5tion ( sci5ti/s 9 ?is city 7! ,am]ican ,association7 t x 0 ! sal>i$ pr(essors 9 ,*ur* colleges :o pr(ess$ to f9d no conflict betwe5 ,geology & ,g5esis4 ,x w always be s until ! ecclesia/ical tyranny is greatly weak5$ or de/roy$1 & m5 c utt] _! bolde/ ?\ghts )\t fe> or favor1 & :5 tea*]s c af=d to h a consci5ce by mak+ !mselves free f ,*ur* control & m5ial dep5d5ce ^u ^? to :om !y m9i/] = ! necess>ies ( a m]e livelihood4 ,sci5ce itself has made progress only z x has be5 fe>less ( prie/ly mal$ictions2 & :5 x %all ?r[ (f ! incubus ( ,*ur* patronage x w a/oni% ! _w 9 %[+ ! et]nal antagonisms betwe5 ! dogmas ( ! dom9ant !ology & ! ess5tial tru?s ( natural religion & morality4 ,,conclusions4 ,! foll[+ conclusions foll[ f :at has be5 said3 7#a7 ,! cl]ical frat]nity claims to be m ?an a m]e pr(ession4 ,x is ess5tially a ca/e1 a 8holy ord]10 borr[$ f ! anci5t paganism1 b some:at modifi$ by ,judaism & a p]v]t$ ,*ri/ianity4 7#b7 ,f su* a ca/e or ord] ! :ole tru? is n to be expect$1 especially :5 ! tru? w\ld %[ ! ord] to be an impo/ure4 ,! assumptions ( peculi> sanctity1 (ficial pre-em95ce1 functional pr]ogatives1 & special spiritual au?ority make su* a hope unnatural & q impossible4 7#c7 ,! *ur* sy/em1 ) its te/s ( or?odoxy1 its ecclesia/ical h&cuffs1 & its worse ?an physical ?umb-screws1 puts an end to all indep5d5t ?9k+1 & results 9 an en=c$ con=mity inconsi/5t ) intellectual progress & ! discov]y & full publication ( ! :ole tru?4 7#d7 ,! pecuni>y /ip5d ^u :i* pr(essional prea*]s are dep5d5t has a demoraliz+ & degrad+ influ5ce1 s t ! doctr9al tea*+ ( ! pulpit %\ld n be receiv$ )\t hesitation & di/ru/4 ,! common law excludes ! te/imony ( int]e/$ witnesses1 &1 ?\gh mod]n /atutes admit su* te/imony1 ! c\rts take x = :at x is wor?1 b always ) _m gra9s ( all[ance4 8,a gift p]v]te? judgm5t10 & self-int]e/ may sway ! convictions ( a man :o int5ds & desires to be fairly hone/4 7#e7 ,! exi/+ sy/ems ( m9i/]ial education & support det] _m sup]ior m5 f ent]+ ! pr(ession1 & h plac$ prea*+ ^u a comm]cial or m]cantile basis1 :i* has manacl$ & crippl$ ! pulpit1 & mu/ soon] or lat] result 9 ! consid]ation ( ! "q :e!r ! s]vices ( ! cl]gy are wor? :at !y co/1 & :e!r ! tru? mu/ n be s\ght = 9 "s o!r direction4 ,m ?an two hundr$ & fifty ?\s& prie/s & m9i/]s 7( :om ab\t "o hundr$ ?\s& are 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates7 are ma9ta9$ at an annual exp5se ( m ?an five hundr$ millions ( doll>s2 &1 z a rule1 :]e prie/s are mo/ num]\s1 p are poore/ & public morality l[e/4 ,a memb] ( ! ,canadian ,p>liam5t 7,hon4 ,james ,beatty7 has rec5tly publi%$ a book 9 :i* he opposes ! :ole sy/em ( a sal>i$ cl]gy on scriptural & o!r gr\nds2 & _m o!r ?\ghtful m5 are beg9n+ to inquire h[ x is t ! ,society ( ,fri5ds get along s well )\t a 8hirel+ m9i/ry40 7#f7 ,x is a great mi/ake to suppose t we mu/ look ma9ly to pr(essional cl]gym5 = in/ruction 9 div9e ?+s4 ,x is a significant fact t ! mo/ able & important books t h be5 publi%$ )9 ! la/ decade h be5 writt5 by laym5 or by p]sons1 l ,em]son1 :o h outgr[n ! n>r[ g>m5ts ( a ca/e pr(ession & h laid !m (f4 ,h[ to get along )\t pr(essional m9i/]s has be5 well answ]$ by ,capt4 ,rob]t ,c4 ,adams 7quot$ 9 ! writ]'s book1 ,man--,:5ce & ,:i!r8 pp4 #bah1 #bai74 ,if m9i/]s w\ld give up ! holy-ord]s idea1 ca/ into ! sea ! mill/one incumbrance ( pecuni>y dep5d5ce1 engage e>ne/ly 9 "s legitimate "w to support !mselves1 !y w\ld !n = ! fir/ "t beg9 to realize :at s\l-fre$om is1 & !y c\ld !n prea* ) an intellig5ce & p[] & ) a satisfaction to !mselves ( :i* !y n[ "k no?+4 ,let !m try x = !mselves & le>n a lesson4 ,:e!r ! cl]ical ord] is s div9e an in/itution t we h no "r to call x into "q or to aboli% x altoge!r1 is a "q t mu/ be practically consid]$ soon4 7#g7 ,!re is a deep impression widely prevail+ among ?\ghtful & s9c]ely religi\s p]sons t ! infidelity ( ! pulpit is l>gely responsible = ! prevail+ skepticism ( ! age4 ,! ^w 8infidelity0 is "h specially us$ 9 a /rict philological s5se--infidele1 n fai?ful1 unfai?fulness to a tru/--b x is also us$ 9 its m g5]al s5se ( disbelief 9 c]ta9 religi\s dogmas4 ,we impea* & arraign ! cl]gy 7admitt+ a few honorable exceptions7 on ! g5]al *>ge ( infidelity 9 ! /ricte/ & broade/ s5se ( ! ^w-- #a/4 ,9 t !y fail to qualify !mselves to be ! lead]s ( ?\ght 9 ! great1 liv+ que/ions affect+ religion & morality4 ,we h else:]e said3 8,n "o m9i/] 9 a ?\s& #8disc]ns ! signs ( ! times' or is prep>$ = ! crisis4 ,few pa/ors ev] read any?+ beyond _! own d5om9ational lit]ature4 ,_! education is p>tial1 "o-sid$1 pr(essional4 ,!y cl+ to m$iaeval sup]/itions ) ! desp]ate grasp ( dr[n+ m54 ,! great majority ( ! cl]gy are n m5 ( broad m9ds & wide & deep rese>*1 & h n ! ability to meet ! vex$ que/ions ( to-day40 ,x is an admitt$ policy1 especially among ! or?odox cl]gy 7s call$71 n to read or to li/5 to any?+ t might unsettle _! fai? 9 :at !y h accept$ z a f9ality2 :]eas no man c intellig5tly believe any?+ until he has c&idly consid]$ ! reasons assign$ by o!r m5 = n believ+ :at he does4 8,he t is fir/ 9 8 own cause seeme? j2 b 8 neighbor come? & se>*e? him40 ,pr(essor ,fi%]1 ! *ampion ( ,yale-,college or?odoxy1 has rec5tly admitt$ 9 ! ,nor? ,am]ican ,review t at lea/ "o ( ! causes ( ! decl9e ( cl]ical au?ority & influ5ce is ! increas$ intellig5ce ( ! laity4 ,if ! p _c get :at !y desire f ! pulpit1 !y w seek x f ! plat=m & ! press4 ,tru? is no long] to be conceal$ 9 cloi/]s & smo!r$ 9 !ological sem9>ies1 b x is to be proclaim$ f h\setops & 9 language und]/ood 9 e-day life4 ,x 0 once said t 8! lips ( ! prie/ give k10 b x may n[ be truly said t mod]n sci5ti/s & philosoph]s among ! laity are ! pr9cipal tea*]s ( mank9d1 & t publications l ! ,nor? ,am]ican ,review & ,! ,=um1 & la/1 b n lea/1 ! secul> daily newspap]s1 are do+ m to in/ruct ! p 9 liv+ tru?s ?an ! :ole brood ( ecclesia/ical p>rots4 #b;d4 ,we *>ge t _m pr(essional cl]gym5 suppress ?+s :i* !y d believe to be true1 & n unfrequ5tly sugge/ ?+s1 at lea/ by implication1 :i* !y d "k to be false4 ,dr4 ,edw>d ,ev]ett ,hale rec5tly publi%$ an article 9 ! ,nor? ,am]ican ,review entitl$ 8,ins9c]ity 9 ! ,pulpit20 & ! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,phillips ,brooks ( ,bo/on1 :o rec5tly receiv$ episcopal honors 9 ,massa*ussetts1 has confirm$ 9 ! ,pr9ceton ,review :at ,dr4 ,hale *>g$ 9 ! ,nor? ,am]ican ,review reg>d+ cl]ical dis+5u\sness4 ,dr4 ,brooks wrote ?us3 8,a l>ge acqua9tance ) cl]ical life has l$ me to ?9k t almo/ any company ( cl]gym51 talk+ freely to ea* o!r1 w express op9ions :i* w\ld greatly surprise1 & at ! same "t greatly relieve1 ! congregations :o ord9>ily li/5 to ^! m9i/]s4444 ,h[ _m m5 9 ! m9i/ry to-day believe 9 ! doctr9e ( v]bal inspiration :i* our fa!rs held8 & h[ _m ( u h frankly told ! p t we d n believe x8444 ,h[ _m ( u hold t ! ev]la/+ puni%m5t ( ! wick$ is a cle> & c]ta9 tru? ( revelation8 ,b h[ _m ( u :o d n h ev] said a ^w80 ,! same pr9ciple ( prev>ication & deceit 0 practis$ by ! e>ly ,fa!rs ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*1 :o n only conceal$ ! tru? f ! masses ( ! p1 b did n hesitate to deceive & mislead !m4 ,mo%eim1 an ecclesia/ical hi/orian ( high au?ority1 te/ifies t 89 ! f\r? c5tury x 0 an almo/ univ]sally adopt$ maxim t x 0 an act ( virtue to deceive & lie :5 by su* means ! int]e/s ( ! ,*ur* might be promot$40 ,he fur!r says ( ! fif? c5tury1 8,fraud & impud5t impo/ure 7 artfully proportion$ to ! cr$ulity ( ! vulg>40 ,milman1 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ,*ri/ianity1 says3 8,x 0 admitt$ & av[$ t to deceive into ,*ri/ianity 0 s valuable a s]vice z to hall[ deceit itself40 ,he fur!r says 9 ! same hi/orical "w1 8,t "s ( ! ,*ri/ian leg5ds 7 delib]ate =g]ies c sc>cely be que/ion$40 ,!re is n a ,bible manuscript or v]sion t has n be5 manipulat$ by ecclesia/ics = c5tury aft] c5tury4 ,_m ( ^! prie/s 7 bo? ignorant & vici\s4 ,f ! fif? to ! fifte5? c5tury crimes n fit to be m5tion$ prevail$ among ! cl]gy4 ,dr4 ,l>dn] says t ,*ri/ians ( all sorts 7 guilty ( fraud1 & quotes ,cassaubon z say+1 8,9 ! e>lie/ times ( ! ,*ur* x 0 consid]$ a capital exploit to l5d to heav5ly tru? ! help ( _! own inv5tions40 ,dr4 ,?omas ,burnet1 9 a ,lat9 treatise int5d$ = ! cl]gy only1 said1 8,too mu* light is hurtful to weak eyes20 & he recomm5d$ ! practice ( deceiv+ ! common p = _! own good4 ,i "k t ?is same policy is 9 vogue 9 our day4 ,?is same nef>i\s doctr9e ( ! exot]ic & esot]ic1 "o ?+ = ! prie/ & ano!r = ! p1 is f> f be+ dead 9 ?is n9ete5? c5tury4 ,x has always be51 & n[ is1 ! real prie/ly policy to keep ! common p 9 ignorance ( _m ?+s2 & if all d n accept ! maxim ( ,gregory1 t 8,ignorance is ! "m ( ,devotion10 _m m9i/]s privately hold 9 our day t 8:]e ignorance is bliss ',tis folly to be wise40 #c;d4 ,! ?ird article ( impea*m5t1 "u ! g5]al *>ge ( infidelity is1 t sac]dotali/s tea* dogmas :i* !y d n believe !mselves4 ,!y d n all believe1 ex animo1 ! di/9ctive dogmas ( ! or?odox cre$s--t ,god is angry ) ! great body ( mank9d1 t 8 wra? is a burn+ flame1 & t !re is1 z to a majority ( m51 b a mom5t's "t & a po9t ( space betwe5 !m & et]nal torture m t]rible ?an imag9ation c conceive or language describe4 ,x is well said t 8,actions speak l\d] ?an words20 & we ne$ only ask ! "q1 8,d m9i/]s :o pr(ess to believe ^! horrible dogmas prea* z if !y really believ$ !m80 ,notice ! g5]al deportm5t ( ! cl]gy at ! summ] resort1 at ! seaside1 or on ! m\nta9-top1 & say :e!r !y c possibly believe :at = eight or n9e mon?s !y h be5 prea*+ 9 _! n[ clos$ *ur*es4 ,li/5 to ! private conv]sation ( our evangeli/s at ! camp-meet+ or at ! meet+s ( ecclesia/ical bodies1 & !n conclude1 if y c1 t !y believe :at !y tea*4 ,take1 if y please1 ! case ( "o ( our be/-kn[n evangelical m9i/]s1 a memb] ( ! /ricte/ ( our or?odox sects1 :o sp5ds a l>ge proportion ( 8 "t 9 /udy+ ! ways ( insects1 & :o w\ld *ase a pismire across ! cont95t to f9d out its habits4 ,c a pa/or believe 9 8 he>t ! dogmas ( ! ,we/m9/] ,confession1 & yet devote s mu* "t to ants8 ,x is impossible4 ,he may deceive himself2 he _c deceive o!rs4 #d?4 ,our f\r? article ( impea*m5t "u ! g5]al *>ge is1 t ! pulpit is ! great promot] ( skepticism call$ infidelity1 9 t x insi/s ^u ! belief ( dogmas :i* are absurd ^u _! face1 su* z ! miracul\s conception ( ,jesus1 ! dogma ( ! ,tr9ity1 ! orig9 & fall ( man1 vic>i\s atonem5t1 pr$e/9ation1 election & reprobation1 et]nal torture = ! majority1 & _m o!r absurdities :i* no rational m9d c n[ consi/5tly accept4 ,true1 ^! dogmas may be f\nd 9 ! ,bible2 & :5 m5 ate told ) weekly reit]ations t ! ,bible is purely div9e1 sup]natural1 & infallible1 & !y f9d t x is purely human1 natural1 & v fallible1 !y _c believe ! ,bible1 ?\gh !y f9d _m inspir+ & helpful ?+s 9 x4 ,:5 m9i/]s tell ?9k+ m5 t !y mu/ believe all or reject all1 !y accept ! fooli% alt]native & reject all4 ,& s x might be fur!r %[n h[1 9 v _m ways1 ! pulpit is ! great promot] ( skepticism & infidelity1 & t ! pr(ess$ tea*]s ( religion are its greate/ enemies1 its mo/ effective clogs & successful antagoni/s4 ,no wond] t ! mo/ ?\ghtful & intellig5t m5 & wom5 9 e community h drift$ away f ! popul> fai?1 & are anxi\sly inquir+1 ,:at next8 ,presid5t ,?omas ,jeff]son1 9 writ+ to ,timo?y ,pick]+1 well said3 8,! religion-build]s h s di/ort$ & de=m$ ! doctr9es ( ,jesus1 s muffl$ !m 9 my/icisms1 fancies & falsehoods1 h c>icatur$ !m into =ms s mon/r\s & inconceivable1 z to %ock reasonable ?9k]s to revolt !m aga9/ ! :ole1 & drive !m ra%ly to pron\nce its f\nd] an impo/or40 ,writ+ to ,dr4 ,coop]1 he said3 8,my op9ion is t !re w\ld nev] h be5 an infidel if !re _h nev] be5 a prie/40 ,we w\ld n aboli% ! (fice1 or1 if y please1 ! pr(ession1 ( public moral tea*]1 b we w\ld bani% f ! _w ! ca/e idea1 ! holy-ord] pret5ce4 ,:5 simple-m9d$ "y m5 & grave & surplic$ bi%ops talk ab\t tak+ 8holy ord]s10 s5sible & ?\ghtful m5 "k t !y are talk+ holy nons5se4 ,no man has a "r to assume t he is m holy ?an o!r m51 or t he has au?ority to ex]cise religi\s functions t o!r m5 h n4 ,nor h we any objection t moral tea*]s %\ld be paid = _! s]vices z o!r tea*]s are paid2 b :5 educat$ m5 c af=d to tea* )\t pecuni>y comp5sation1 we ?9k x w\ld be well = !m to d s2 & :5 ! tea*] ( morals adopts ! example ( ,/4 ,paul1 8work+ ) 8 own h&s0 & 8liv+ 9 8 own hir$ h\se10 we ?9k ! _w w be ! bett] = x4 ,let u hope t ! day w soon dawn :5 cl]gym5 w consid] !mselves moral tea*]s only1 & = ev] repudiate ! false pret5ce ( special au?ority & prie/ly sanctimoni\sness1 & cle>ly und]/& t m$iocrity & /upidity w n mu* long] be tol]at$ because ( ! s-call$ sacr$ness ( a pr(ession4 ,t ! e/imate "h made ( sac]dotali/s may n seem extreme & unju/ifiable1 ,i add ! te/imony ( "o ( ! mo/ honor$ ecclesia/ics ( ! ,e/abli%$ ,*ur* ( ,engl&1 ,canon ,f>r>1 :o 9 a rec5t s]mon on prie/craft said3 8,9 all ages ! exclusive pr$om9ance ( prie/s has meant ! indiff]5ce ( ! majority & ! subjection ( ! few4 ,x has meant ! slav]y ( m5 :o w n act1 & ! indol5ce ( m5 :o w n ?9k1 & ! timidity ( m5 :o w n resi/1 & ! indiff]5ce ( m5 :o d n c>e40 ,alas t 8holy h&s0 %\ld s (t5 be laid 8^u skulls t _c tea* & w n le>n06 ,let me "h quote f ,pr(essor ,huxley an admirable /atem5t ( ! facts 9 ! case3 8,ev]y:]e h !y 7sac]dotali/s7 brok5 ! _s ( wisdom & tri$ to /op human progress by quotations f _! ,bibles or books ( _! sa9ts4 ,9 ?is n9ete5? c5tury1 z at ! dawn ( mod]n physical sci5ce1 ! cosmogony ( ! semi-b>b>\s ,hebrew is ! incubus ( ! philosoph] & ! opprobrium ( ! or?odox4 ,:o %all numb] ! pati5t & e>ne/ seek]s aft] tru?1 f ! days ( ,galileo until n[1 ^: lives h be5 embitt]$ & _! good "n bla/$ by ! mi/ak5 zeal ( bibliolat]s8 ,:o %all c\nt ! ho/ ( weak] m5 ^: s5se ( tru? has be5 de/roy$ 9 ! ef=t to h>monize impossibilities2 ^: life has be5 wa/$ 9 ! attempt to =ce ! g5]\s new w9e ( sci5ce into ! old bottles ( ,judaism1 compell$ by ! outcry ( ! same /rong p>ty8 ,x is true t if philosoph]s h suff]$1 _! cause has be5 amply av5g$4 ,ext+ui%$ !ologies lie ab\t ! cradle ( e sci5ce z ! /rangl$ snakes beside t ( ,h]cules2 & hi/ory records t :5ev] sci5ce & or?odoxy h be5 fairly oppos$1 ! latt] has be5 =c$ to retire f ! li/s1 ble$+ & cru%$ if n annihilat$1 scot*$ if n sla94 ,b or?odoxy le>ns n1 nei!r c x =get2 & ?\gh at pres5t bewild]$ & afraid to move1 x is z will+ z ev] to insi/ t ! fir/ *apt] ( ,g5esis conta9s ! beg9n+ & ! end ( s\nd sci5ce1 & to visit ) su* petty ?und]bolts z its half-p>alyz$ h&s c hurl ^? :o refuse to degrade nature to ! level ( primitive ,judaism40 8,religion10 he also else:]e writes1 8aris+ l all o!r k out ( ! action & int]action ( man's m9d1 has tak5 ! intellectual cov]+s ( ,feti%ism1 ,poly!ism1 ( ,!ism or ,a!ism1 ( ,sup]/ition or ,rationalism2 & if ! religion ( ! pres5t diff]s f t ( ! pa/1 x is because ! !ology ( ! pres5t has become m sci5tific ?an t ( ! pa/2 n because x has r5\nc$ idols ( wood & idols ( /one1 b x beg9s to see ! necessity ( break+ 9 pieces ! idols built up ( books & traditions & f9e-spun ecclesia/ical cobwebs1 & ( *]i%+ ! noble/ & mo/ human ( man's emotions by wor%ip1 #8= ! mo/ "p ( ! sil5t sort1' at ! alt> ( ! unkn[n & unkn[able0444 8,if a man asks me :at ! politics ( ! inhabitants ( ! moon are1 & ,i reply t ,i "k n1 t nei!r ,i nor any "o else h any means ( kn[+1 & t "u ^! circum/ances ,i decl9e to tr\ble myself ab\t ! subject at all1 ,i d n ?9k he has any "r to call me a skeptic40 ,aga93 8,:at are among ! moral convictions mo/ fondly held by b>b>\s & semi-b>b>\s p8 ,!y are ! convictions t au?ority is ! s\nde/ basis ( belief2 t m]it atta*es to a read9ess to believe2 t ! d\bt+ disposition is a bad "o1 & skepticism a s92 & !re are _m excell5t p]sons :o /ill hold by ^! pr9ciples40444 8,yet we h no reason to believe t x is ! improvem5t ( our fai? nor t ( our morals :i* keeps ! plague f our city2 b x is ! improvem5t ( our natural k4 ,we h le>n$ t pe/il5ces w only take up _! abode among ^? :o h prep>$ unswept & ung>ni%$ resid5ces = !m4 ,_! cities mu/ h n>r[1 un wat]$ /reets full ( accumulat$ g>bage2 _! h\ses mu/ be ill-dra9$1 ill-v5tilat$2 _! subjects mu/ be ill-light$1 ill-wa%$1 ill-f$1 ill-clo!d2 ! ,london ( #affe 0 su* a city2 ! cities ( ! ,ea/1 :]e plague has an endur+ dwell+1 are su* cities2 we 9 lat] times h le>n$ some:at ( ,nature1 & p>tly obey h]4 ,because ( ?is p>tial improvem5t ( our natural k1 & t ( fractional ob$i5ce1 we h no plague2 b because t k is v imp]fect & t ob$i5ce yet incomplete1 typhus is our companion & *ol]a our visitor40 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,! ,,fabul\s ,,claims ,,( ,,judaism 8,n giv+ he$ to ,jewi% fables40--,tit4 #a3 #ad4 8,nei!r give he$ to fables40--#a ,tim4 #a3 #d4 8,b refuse pr(ane & old wives' fables40--#a ,tim4 #d3 #g4 ,,x is impossible to und]/& mod]n ,*ri/ian ecclesia/icism )\t a c>eful /udy ( anci5t ,judaism4 ,x is report$ t ,jesus himself said1 8,salvation is ( ! ,jews40 ,! gospel 0 to be prea*$ 8to ! ,jews fir/40 ,! common belief to-day is1 t ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* repres5ts ! sub/ance ( :at ,judaism 0 ! promise1 & t ! ,new ,te/am5t conta9s ! fulfilm5t & realization ( :at 0 =e%ad[$ 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,all well-in=m$ !ologians und]/& t ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* is held to h _h its orig9 9 :at is d5om9at$ ! 8call ( ,abraham10 & t :at is kn[n 9 or?odox p>lance z ! 8,abrahamic cov5ant0 lies at ! f\ndation ( ! or?odox !ory ( grace & ( all o!r sy/ems ( doctr9e falsely designat$ z evangelical4 ,x is a sugge/ive fact t :ile ,*ri/ians hold t _! religion is ! v qu9tess5ce & outcome ( ,judaism1 !y mo/ cordially hate ! ,jews1 & ! ,jews 9 return1 h a supreme contempt = ,*ri/ians & /\tly d5y ! relation%ip ( p>5t & *ild4 ,n[ t ! desc5t ( ! ,jews f ! ,*aldean ,abram1 :om !y affect to call _! fa!r1 is discr$it$ by all s*ol>s :o reject ! inspirational & infallible !ory ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 x is v difficult to f9d out ! real orig9 ( ?is /range p4 ,all mod]n writ]s on ,jews & ,judaism admit t outside ( ! ,old ,te/am5t !re is little or no hi/ory ( ! ,jews d[n to ! "t ( ,alex&]1 & t !re is v little reliable hi/ory ev5 9 ! collection ( books kn[n z ! ,hebrew ,scriptures4 ,x _c be d\bt$ n[ t ! ,p5tateu*1 improp]ly call$ ! five books ( ,moses1 0 mo/ly writt5 aft] ! return ( ! ,jews f _! captivity 9 ,babylon1 ab\t #ech b4 c41 & :at is f\nd 9 ^! books ma9ly corresponds ) ! religion & lit]ature ( ! ,assyrians1 & 0 le>n$ dur+ _! soj\rn 9 t c\ntry1 & n1 z has ignorantly be5 suppos$1 f ! my?ical ,abram1 ! reput$ immigrant f ,ur ( ! ,*aldees4 ,:at is record$ 9 ! ,p5tateu*1 n be+ m5tion$ 9 o!r ,old-,te/am5t writ+s1 %[s t su* records _h no exi/5ce :5 ^? books 7 writt51 & !re=e c\ld h no recognition4 ,x w be %[n h]eaft] t !re is little or no?+ 9 ! ,p5tateu* t is /rictly orig9al1 mu* less /rictly hi/orical4 ,inde$1 ! tales ( ! ,old ,te/am5t g5]ally 7 writt5 = a religi\s or patriotic purpose1 ) little reg>d = "t1 place1 or hi/orical accuracy4 ,p]sons1 real or my?ical1 are (t5 us$ to repres5t diff]5t tribes1 :ile allegory is ! rule r ?an ! exception 9 :at is ignorantly accept$ z hi/ory4 ,?is is admitt$ by _m em95t ,*ri/ian writ]s4 ,! ^w 8,jew0 fir/ occurs 9 #b ,k+s #af3 #f to d5ote ! inhabitants ( ,judea1 b !y %\ld prop]ly h be5 call$ 8,judeans40 ,! v "n ,jew is probably my?ological1 d]iv$ f ,je\d1 ! "n ( ! only son ( ,saturn1 ?\gh1 l ,abraham1 he _h sev]al o!r sons4 ,x _c be d\bt$ t ! /ories ( ,saturn & ,abraham are slightly v>i$ v]sions ( ! same fable4 ,! ,jews nev] des]v$ to be call$ a nation1 at lea/ n until 9 comp>atively mod]n times4 ,!y 7 incl9$ f ! fir/ to m+le ) & int]m>ry ) o!r peoples1 & s became mongrels at an e>ly p]iod4 ,!re 0 no race di/9ction1 we are told1 betwe5 ! ,canaanites1 ,idumeans1 & ,israelites4 ,i%mael m>ri$ an ,egyptian woman1 & s did ,joseph1 ! son ( ,jacob4 ,esau m>ri$ a daught] ( ,i%mael1 also two o!r wom51 call$ daught]s ( ,canaan1 "o a ,hittite & ! o!r a ,hivite4 ,judah & ,simeon ea* m>ri$ ,canaanites4 ,we read 9 ,judges #c3 #e1 #f1 8,! *ildr5 ( ,israel dwelt among ! ,canaanites1 ,hittites1 & ,amorites1 & ,p]izzites1 & ,hivites1 & ,jebusites2 & !y took _! daught]s to be _! wives1 & gave _! own daught]s to _! sons1 & s]v$ _! gods40 ,9 ,ezekiel #af? x is writt53 8,?us sai? ! ,"l ,god unto ,j]usalem1 ,?y bir? & ?y nativity 0 9 ! l& ( ,canaan2 ?y fa!r 0 an ,amorite & ?y "m an ,hittite4 ,y\r "m 0 an ,hittite & y\r fa!r an ,amorite--?9e eld] si/]1 ,sam>ia1 & ?y y\nge/ si/]1 ,sodom40 ,9 ,deut4 #g3 #g ! ,jews are told1 8,! ,"l did n set 8 love ^u y because ye 7 m 9 numb] ?an any o!r p1 = ye 7 fewe/ ( all p40 ,9 ,jo%4 #ab3 #bd !y are rem9d$ t x 0 necess>y to 8s5d !m hornets :i* drove !m 7! ,canaanites7 out be=e y1 ev5 ! two k+s ( ! ,amorites20 & 9 ,ex4 #bc3 #bh1 #bi x is said1 8,i w s5d hornets be=e !e :i* %all drive out ! ,hivite1 ! ,canaanite1 & ! ,hittite f be=e !e4 ,i w n drive !m out f be=e !e 9 "o ye>1 le/ ! l& become desolate & ! bea/s ( ! field multiply aga9/ !e40 ,?is does n look z if ! ,jews 7 v num]\s or valor\s 9 ! little t]ritory n mu* l>g] ?an ! ,/ate ( ,connecticut4 ,josephus makes c]ta9 notes to %[ t ! ,lac$emonians claim$ orig9al k9%ip ) ! ,jews1 & "s writ]s make ! same claim = ! ,afghans & sev]al o!r peoples4 ,no?+ is m c]ta91 9 my judgm5t1 ?an t ! ,jews are ! mo/ ?or\ghly mongrel race ^u ! face ( ! e>?4 ,t !y h c]ta9 idiosyncrasies 9 common1 & ev5 c]ta9 di/+ui%+ facial & o!r physical m>ks1 c easily be acc\nt$ = on o!r gr\nds ?an ! assumption ( unity ( race4 ,! common /ory ( ! orig9 ( ! ,jews is c]ta9ly fabul\s4 ,major-,g5]al ,=long1 ( ! ,briti% ,army1 says3 8,!y 7 probably 9 ! beg9n+ a w&]+ tribe ( ,b$\9 ,arabs :o got possession ( ! rocky p>ts ( ,pale/9e1 :i* 7 nev] made bett] by _! pres5ce4 ,!y are a comp>atively mod]n p4 ,! fir/ notice ( ,jews is possibly t ( c]ta9 ,%emitic rul]s 9 ! ,aram pay+ tribute ab\t #hej b4 c4 to ,vul-,nir>i1 ! successor ( ,%almanes] ( ,syria2 reg>d+ :i*1 h[ev]1 mu* m is made by biblici/s ?an ! simple record w>rants4 ,?is is ! case also :]e ,*ampollion affirms t m5tion is made on ! ,!ban temples ( ! capture ( c]ta9 t[ns ( ! l& we call ,juda1 ?is be+ ?\ght to prove ! exi/5ce ( ,jews4 ,simil> assumption takes place 9 reg>d to ! hi]atic papyri ( ! ,leyd5 ,museum1 held to belong to ! "t ( ,rameses ,,ii41 an inscription read on ! rocks ( ,el-,hamamat1 & ! discov]y ( "s names l ,*$orlaom] 9 ! records ( ,babylonia2 b ?is is all ! 7s-call$7 evid5ce z to ! exi/5ce ( anci5t ,jews :i* has be5 advanc$2 & ! mo/ is made ( x 9 ,dr4 ,bir*'s op5+ address on ! ,progress ( ,biblical ,ar*aeology at ! inauguration ( ! ,ar*aeological ,society4 ,( ,jews we he> no?+ dur+ all ! ,?o?mik w>s1 unless !y be includ$ among ! phallic-wor%ipp+ ,h]monites :o 7 m5tion$ z inhabit+ ! highl&s ( ,syria4 ,we h no real hi/orical evid5ce ( ! p]sons or k+doms ( ,david or ,solomon1 ?\gh we may grant ! ,jewi% /ories cum grano salis1 see+ h[ outrage\sly !y h always exagg]at$ 9 ev]y?+ p]ta9+ to _! own glorification4 8,! only logical conclusion ju/ifiable :5 we give up ! inspiration !ory is1 t ,arabs & ,syro-,phnicians 7 kn[n to ,assyrians & ,egyptians1 & ?is none w\ld d5y4 ,inde$1 we readily grant1 ) ,dr4 ,bir*1 t "u ! n9ete5? & tw5tie? ,egyptian dyna/ies ! influ5ce ( ! ,araman nations is di/9ctly m>k$2 t n only by blood & alliances _h ! ,ph>aohs be5 closely unit$ ) ! pr9ces ( ,pale/9e & ,syria1 b t ! language ( ! p]iod ab\nds 9 ,semitic words q diff]5t f ! ,egyptian1 ) :i* !y 7 embroid]$ & int]m+l$4 ,c\ld x possibly be o!rwise8 ,is x n s to ?is day8 ,is a va/ & rapidly-spawn+ ,%emitic cont95t l ,arabia n to influ5ce ! n>r[ delta ( a riv] adjo9+ x or ! wild highl&s ( ,syria to ! nor?8 ,( c\rse ,arabs or ,%emites 7 ev]y:]e spread ov] ,egypt1 ,syria1 & ,phnicia1 z well z 9 _! anci5t seats ( empire 9 ,arabia1 ,irak 7,kaldia71 & on ! imp]ial m\nds ( ,kalneh & ,koyunjik2 b n necess>ily z ,jews4 ,i _c f9d t ^! la/ 7 any?+ m ?an a peculi> religi\s sect ( ,arabs :o settl$ d[n f _! pri/9e nomadic habits & obta9$ a quasi gov]nm5t "u petty pr9ces or %eiks1 su* z we h se5 take place 9 ! case ( num]\s ,arabian & ,indian sects4 8,only ab\t two hundr$ ye>s or s aft] _! return f ,babylon did ! ,jews seem to consolidate into a nation1 & ! collection & translation ( _! old my?ic records--deciph]$ ) mu* difficulty by ! dilig5t libr>ians ( ,ptolemy ,philadelphus f 8old %r$s & scraps ( lea!r0--no d\bt mat]ially aid$ 9 consolidat+ ! p & 9 weld+ !m into :at !y became--clans pr\d ( a sort ( a my?ic hi/ory built up by ,ezra & o!r m5 acqua9t$ ) ,babylonian records & popul> cosmogonies40 ,no ef=ts1 say ! lead]s ( ! ,biblical ,ar*aeological ,society1 h be5 able to f9d ei!r amid/ ! num]\s engrav+s on ! rocks ( ,arabia ,petrea or ,pale/9e1 any save ,phnician inscriptions2 n ev5 a record ( ! ,syro-,hebrew "*1 :i* 0 once ?\ght to be ! peculi> prop]ty ( ,hebrews4 ,mo/ ( ^? inscriptions hi!rto discov]$ d n date ant]ior to ! ,roman empire4 ,few1 if any monum5ts 7( ,jews7 h be5 f\nd 9 ,pale/9e or ! neighbor+ c\ntries ( any useful antiquity save ! ,moabite ,/one1 & ! value ( ?is la/ is all 9 favor ( my previ\s argum5ts on ^! po9ts4 ,at ! pool ( ,siloam we h an 8inscription 9 ! ,phnician "* z old z ! "t ( ! ,k+s2444 x is incis$ ^u ! walls ( a rock-*amb] app>5tly d$icat$ to ,baal1 :o is m5tion$ on x4 ,s t "h1 9 a mo/ holy place ( ?is peculi> p1 we f9d only ,phnicians1 & ^! wor%ipp+ ! ,sun-god ( ,f]tility1 z 0 cu/om>y on e coa/ ( ,europe f unkn[n times d[n to ! rise ( ,*ri/ianity40 ,! ,biblical ,ar*aeological ,society & ,briti% ,museum au?orities tell u frankly & cle>ly t no ,hebrew squ>e "* c be prov$ to exi/ till aft] ! ,babylonian captivity1 & t1 at all ev5ts1 ?is inscription ( ,siloam %[s 8t ! curv$ or ,phnician "* 0 9 use 9 ,j]usalem itself "u ! ,hebrew mon>*y1 z well z ! cont]m9\s ,phnicia1 ,moabitis1 & ! m di/ant ,assyria4 ,no monum5t1 inde$10 cont9ues ,dr4 ,bir*1 8( great] antiquity inscrib$ 9 ! squ>e "* 7,hebrew7 has be5 f\nd z yet old] ?an ! fif? c5tury ,a4 ,d4 ! small capitals are m9e1 & ! co9s ( ! ,maccabean pr9ces1 z well z ^? ( ! revolt] ,b>co*ab1 are impress$ ) ,sam>itan *>act]s4 ,s t "h we h ! mo/ complete confirmation ( all t ,i ass]t z to ! my?ical hi/ory ( a ,judean p prior to a c5tury or s b4 c41 & ev5 !n only "u su* a gov]nm5t z ,babylonian adm9i/rators _h taught !m to =m & ! lax rule ( ! ,seleukid1 foll[$ by int]mitt5t ,roman gov]nm5t1 p]mitt$ (40 ,ano!r mod]n writ] says3 8,soon aft] ! dea? ( ,alex&] ! ,jews fir/ came into notice "u ,ptolemy ,i4 ( ,egypt1 & "s ( _! books 7 collect$ at ! new-built city ( ,alex&ria40 ,su* 0 ! insignificance ( ! ,jews z a p t ! hi/orical monum5ts prec$+ ! "t ( ,alex&] ! ,great1 :o di$ #cbc ye>s b4 c41 make n ! slighte/ m5tion ( any ,jewi% transaction4 ,! writ+s ( ,?ales1 ,solon1 ,py?agoras1 ,democritus1 ,plato1 ,h]odotus1 & ,x5ophon1 all ( :om visit$ remote c\ntries1 conta9 no m5tion ( ! ,jews :atev]4 ,nei!r ,hom] nor ,ari/otle1 ! preceptor ( ,alex&]1 makes any m5tion ( !m4 ,! /ory ( ,josephus1 t ,alex&] visit$ ,j]usalem1 has be5 prov$ to be a fabrication4 ,alex&]'s hi/orians say no?+ ab\t x4 ,he did pass ?r\gh ! coa/ ( ,pale/9e1 & ! only resi/ance he enc\nt]$ 0 at ,gaza1 :i* 0 g>rison$ by ,p]sians 7,wytt5ba*'s ,opuscula1 vol4 ii4 pp4 #daf1 #dba74 ,= half a c5tury aft] its de/ruction1 says ,dr4 ,rob9son1 !re is no m5tion ( ,j]usalem 9 hi/ory2 & ev5 until ! "t ( ,con/ant9e its hi/ory pres5ts little m ?an a blank 7vol4 i4 pp4 #cfg1 #cga74 ,g5]al ,=long says3 8,! area ( ,judea & ,sam>ia is1 accord+ to ! above au?ority1 #adj ,x #dj #efjj squ>e miles1 :i* ,i ?9k is c]ta9ly "o-f\r? too mu*1 my own triangulation ( x giv+ only #dejj1 or a figure ( ab\t #acj ,x #ce4 ,i w1 h[ev]1 conc$e ! allotm5t ( #efjj1 b we mu/ rememb] t1 z a rule1 ! :ole is a dismal1 rocky1 arid region1 ) only int]sect+ valleys1 wat]$ by spr+s & heavy ra9 f ,novemb] to ,febru>y inclusive1 & hav+ scor*+ heats f ,april to ,septemb]4 ,ev5 ! inhabitable portions ( ! c\ntry c\ld only support ! v sp>se/ population1 & ,i speak aft] hav+ m>*$ ov] x & also a consid]able portion ( ! re/ ( ! _w4 ,9 ,india we %\ld look ^u x z a v poor prov9ce2 9 "s respects v l ! hilly tracts ( ,mew> or ,odeypoor 9 ,kajpootana1 b 9 ext5t1 population1 & weal? x is less ?an t small pr9cipality4 8,! *ief importance ( ,pale/9e 9 anci5t hi/ory 0 due to its ly+ on ! high-road betwe5 ! great k+doms ( ,egypt1 ,babylon1 & ,assyria1 & z giv+ ! ,arabs a hid+- & abid+-place :i* !y--,jews includ$--c\ld n obta9 if !y v5tur$ out on ! pla9s s\? & ea/4 ,! holes & fa/nesses ( ! hills 7 _! safegu>ds1 &1 z !y assure u1 v mu* us$ inde$4 ,! ,jewi% /rip is divid$ into ,sam>ia z a c5tre1 ) ,galilee nor? & ,judea s\?1 giv+ to ! two =m] eight-t5?s1 & ! latt] two-t5?s2 t is1 two tribes2 #efjj ,x #b_/aj s t ! ,judean area w\ld be ab\t #efjj ,x #h_/aj #bj squ>e miles1 aga9/ ! #ddhj ( ! latt]2 & ! population w\ld be some:at 9 ?is proportion1 = ! extreme b>r5ness ( all ! c\ntry s\? & ea/ ( ,j]usalem w\ld be 9 "s degree made up = by ?is t[n be+ p]haps a little l>g] ?an ^? 9 ! nor?4 8,we are ?us prep>$ to /ate ! population ( ! entire l& 9 t]ms ( its area1 z 0 done = ! ,judean capital1 & ) equally />tl+ results4 ,! :ole ,turki% empire yields at pres5t less ?an tw5ty-f\r p]sons to ! squ>e mile1 & 9 ! wild & w>r+ ages we are "h conc]n$ ) we may safely say t !re 7 less ?an tw5ty p] squ>e mile1 ( :i* half 7 females & "o-?ird ( ! o!r half *ildr5 & feeble p]sons1 unable to take ! field :e!r = w> or agriculture4 ,! result is disa/r\s to mu* biblical matt]1 & f>-rea*+2 upsett+ ! mighty armies ( ,jo%ua & ! ,judges1 no less ?an ^? ( ,david & ,solomon1 :o are ?\ght = a few %ort ye>s to h unit$ ! tribes3 nay1 ! /]n facts ( figures de/roy all ! subsequ5tly divid$ k+s or petty *iefs :o la/$ d[n to ! six? c5tury or s b4 c41 & %[ u t ,jews h ev] be5 insignificant 9 ! extreme1 especially :5 comp>$ ) ! great peoples :o g5]ally rul$ !m1 & f> & wide ar\nd !m4 8,s t ?is paltry ?irty ?\s& to =ty ?\s& is ! v mo/ :i* ! twelve tribes c\ld1 & only = ^! few ye>s1 br+ to ! front4 ,9 g5]al1 ! tribes w>r$ ) "o ano!r & ) _! neighbors1 s t1 = ! purposes ( =eign w>1 ! ,jewi% race repres5t$ only two or ?ree tribes at a "t1 or1 say1 t5 ?\s& able m54 ,?us "o tribe--z1 = example1 ,judah--w\ld h only f ?ree ?\s& to f\r ?\s& m5 9 all1 suppos+ e man left 8 fields & home to fight1 :ile ,assyrian armies n unusually numb]$ "o hundr$ ?\s& to two hundr$ ?\s& m540 ,9 ! above /ati/ics also we h tak5 a great] area ?an ,i ?9k ! tribes occupi$4 ,!re is n a sign ( a ,jewi% p till ab\t :at is call$ _! 8,ea/]n ,captivity10 & ! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,rodwell writes 9 ! ,trans4 ( ! ,biblical ,ar*aeological ,society t 8! ,hebrew ( ! ,bible is no o!r ?an a dialectic v>iety ( ! ,canaaniti% or ,phnician tongue express$ 9 ! ,*aldean "*1 n br\ght1 z has be5 taught1 by ,abram himself f ,ur ( ! ,*aldees1 b adopt$ by ! ,israelites dur+ _! long captivities40 8,c\ld x possibly be o!rwise :5 we look at ! facts8 ,! ,jews 7 a poor1 ignorant1 weak ,arab tribe1 liv+ on ! outskirts ( a l& occupi$ = long ages previ\sly by ! mo/ fam\s race ( all antiquity--a p f :om ,greece1 ,rome1 & ,c>?age alike borr[$ ! ideas ( _! e>lie/ art & ar*itecture4 ,hom] call$ ?is race ,ph5s ,poludaidaloi--#8arti/s ( v>i$ skill1' & lat] ,romans priz$ !m above all o!rs = _! con/ructive tal5t4 ,pl9y1 ,s5eca1 & ,v>ro praise !m 9 words :i* w nev] die2 ,jews said t ,david solicit$ _! skill$ labor1 & t ,solomon's temple1 small & simple ?\gh x 01 c\ld n be rais$ )\t _! help2 nay1 ?\gh ,ezra says he _h ^! ensamples be=e him1 & _h se5 all ! f9e build+s ( ,babylon1 yet he too _h to solicit _! aid1 else ! walls ( ! city ( ,jehovah & ,z]ub-babel's second %r9e c\ld nev] h be5 con/ruct$4 ,9 all arts1 trades1 & manufactures ?is extraord9>y p excell$ e anci5t race1 & f ! v e>lie/ times d[n & into ! ,roman p]iod4 ,is x surpris+1 !n1 t _! language & cu/oms prevail$ :]ev] _! skill$ aid 0 requir$8 t ,africa 9 its writ+ 0 no less ,punic--t is1 ,phnician--?an ,libyan1 guid$ by ^! wondr\s ,ph5i or 8,tyrii bil+ues08 ,! hi/ory ( ,brita9 dur+ "s pa/ g5]ations z ! fir/ great manufactur+ c\ntry ( mod]n times %[s h[ civilization1 p[]1 & progress mu/ ev] foll[ indu/ry & usefulness1 & ,phnicians to a great ext5t 9 e>ly days controll$ #8! s9ews ( w>' :]e ?is 0 _! int]e/2 b x too (t5 prov$ m pr(itable to deal 9 swords & helmets ?an 9 #8,tyrian purple' & co/ly brocade /uffs4 ,manufactur]s are n mu* giv5 to writ+1 & ^! ,ph5i h be5 s p>simoni\s 9 _! v[els & lavi% & indiff]5t 9 ! use ( b's1 dfs1 r's1 & s's t few philological /ud5ts h attempt$ ! translation ( ,phnician writ+s1 ?\gh ,phnician1 & n ,hebrew1 is :at alone we f9d traces ( 9 ,syria & ,pale/9e40 ,x has be5 sub/antially said by ,william ,h5ry ,burr1 9 a "w n n[ 9 ! m>ket1 t 8v errone\s ideas prevail 9 reg>d to ! magnitude ( ! nation & c\ntry ( ! ,jews & _! importance 9 hi/ory4 ,mo/ maps ( anci5t ,pale/9e assign f> too mu* t]ritory to t nation4 ,!y make ! greate/ l5g? ( ! c\ntry f #afj to #age miles1 & its greate/ bread? f #gj to #ij1 inclos+ an area ( f #aj1jjj to #ab1jjj squ>e miles--a little l>g] ?an ! ,/ate ( ,v]mont4 ,!y n only include ! entire ,m$it]ranean coa/ = #afj miles1 b a consid]able m\nta9-tract on ! nor?1 above ,dan1 & a portion ( ! des]t on ! s\?1 bel[ ,be]-%eba1 besides runn+ ! ea/]n b\nd>y out too f>4 ,moreov]1 !y l5g!n ! di/ances 9 e direction4 ,f ,dan to ,be]%eba1 ! extreme nor!rn & s\!rn t[ns1 ! di/ance on ,mit*ell's map is #afe miles1 & on ,colton's1 #aej2 b on a map accompany+ ,biblical ,rese>*es 9 ,pale/9e1 by ,edw>d ,rob9son1 ,d4 ,d41 :i* is "o ( ! mo/ rec5t & elaborate1 & w d\btless be accept$ z ! be/ au?ority1 ! di/ance is only #abh miles4 8,n[1 ! ,israelites 7 nev] able to drive out ! ,canaanites f ! *oice/ portion ( ! c\ntry--! ,m$it]ranean coa/--nor ev5 f mo/ p>ts ( ! int]ior 7,judges #a3 #af-ca2 #a ,k+s #i3 #bj1 #ba74 ,! ,phnicians1 a p[]ful m>itime p1 occupi$ ! nor!rn portion ( ! coa/1 & ! ,phili/9es ! s\!rn2 betwe5 ^! ! ,jebusites or "s o!r p held control1 s t ! ,israelites 7 exclud$ f any "p ( ! ,m$it]ranean %ore4 ,! map ( _! c\ntry mu/ !re=e und]go a r$uction ( a /rip on ! we/ at lea/ #aj miles wide by #afj long1 or #afjj squ>e miles4 ,a fur!r r$uction mu/ be made ( ab\t #djj squ>e miles = ! ,dead ,sea & ,lake ( ,tib]ias4 ,?is leaves at mo/ #ijjj squ>e miles by ,colton's map4 ,b on ?is map ! extreme l5g? ( ! c\ntry is #age miles1 :i* is #dg miles too great3 = ! :ole dom9ion ( ! ,jews ext5d$ only f ,dan to ,be]%eba1 :i* ,dr4 ,rob9son places only #abh miles ap>t4 ,we mu/ !re=e make a fur!r r$uction ( an area ab\t #dg by #fj miles1 or #bhjj squ>e miles4 ,!n we mu/ take (f a slice on ! ea/1 at lea/ #aj miles broad by #fj long1 or #fjj squ>e miles4 ,?us we r$uce ! area ( ,colton's map f #aa1jjj squ>e miles to #efjj--;a little less ?an ! ,/ate ( ,connecticut4 8,b n[1 if we subtract f ?is :at 0 wild]ness & des]t1 & also :at 0 at no "t inhabit$ & controll$ by ! ,israelites1 we fur!r r$uce _! habitable t]ritory ab\t "o-half4 ,! l& ( ,canaan be+ ne>ly all m\nta9\s & b\nd$ on ! s\? & ea/ by a va/ des]t :i* encroa*$ ^u ! bord]s ( ! c\ntry1 a great "p ( x 0 b>r5 wild]ness4 ,nor did b "o-fif? ( ! ,israelites 7two & a half tribes7 occupy ! c\ntry ea/ ( ! ,jordan1 :i* 0 almo/ equal 9 ext5t to t on ! we/1 ! prop] ,l& ( ,promise4 ,! ea/]n half1 !re=e1 mu/ h be5 b ?9ly populat$ by ! two & a half tribes1 :o 7 only able to ma9ta9 a prec>i\s foo?old aga9/ ! bord]+ enemies4 ,s1 !n1 x is n probable t ! ,israelites actually inhabit$ & gov]n$ at any "t t]ritory ( m ?an #cjjj squ>e miles1 or n mu* if any l>g] ?an ! little ,/ate ( ,delaw>e4 ,at all ev5ts1 x c h>dly be d\bt$ t ,delaw>e conta9s m good l& ?an ! :ole c\ntry ( ! ,jews ev] did4 8,! promise to ,abraham 9 ,g54 #ae3 #ah is #8f ! riv] ( ,egypt to ! riv] ,euphrates4' ,b ! ,jewi% possessions nev] rea*$ ! ,nile by #bjj miles4 ,9 ,ex4 #cc3 #ca ! promise is r5ew$1 b ! riv] ( ,egypt is n nam$4 ,! b\nd>ies are #8f ! ,r$ ,sea to ! ,sea ( ! ,phili/9es 7! ,m$it]ranean71 & f ! des]t to ! riv]4' ,by #8! riv]' 0 d\btless meant ! ,euphrates2 & assum+ t by #8! des]t' 0 meant ! ea/]n b\nd>y 7?\gh ,canaan 0 b\nd$ on ! s\? also by ! same great des]t :i* rea*$ to ! ,r$ ,sea71 we h 9 ?is promise a t]ritory #fjj miles long by an av]age ( ab\t #ahj broad1 mak+ an area ( ab\t #ajj1jjj squ>e miles1 or t5 times z mu* z ! ,jews ev] c\ld claim1 & ne>ly "o-half ( x un9habitable4 ,s1 !n1 ! promise 0 nev] fulfill$1 = ! ,israelites 7 conf9$ to a v small c5tral portion ( _! l& ( promise1 & :e!r !y occupi$ #cjjj or #ab1jjj squ>e miles 9 ! p]iod ( _! greate/ p[]1 ! fact is n to be disput$ t _! c\ntry 0 a v small "o4 8,lam>t9e describes ! j\rney f ,be?any to ,j]i*o z s+ul>ly toilsome & melan*oly--nei!r h\ses nor cultivation1 m\nta9s )\t a %rub1 imm5se rocks split by "t1 p9nacles t+$ ) colors l ^? ( an ext9ct volcano4 #8,f ! summit ( ^! hills1 z f> z ! eye c rea*1 we see only black *a9s1 conical or brok5 peaks1 a b\ndless labyr9? ( passes r5t ?r\gh ! m\nta9s1 & ^? rav9es ly+ 9 p]fect & p]petual /illness1 )\t a /ream1 )\t a wild animal1 )\t ev5 a fl[]1 ! relics ( a convuls$ l&1 ) waves ( /one' 7vol4 ii41 p4 #adf740 ,b le/ x may be ?\ght t ^! dismal features are due to mod]n deg5]acy1 let u take ! te/imony ( an e>ly ,*ri/ian ,fa!r1 ,/4 ,j]ome1 :o liv$ a long "t 9 ,be?lehem1 f\r miles s\? ( ,j]usalem4 ,9 ! ye> #dad he wrote to ,d>danus ?us3 8,i beg ( ^? :o ass]t t ! ,jewi% p aft] com+ out ( ,egypt took possession ( ?is c\ntry 7:i* to u1 by ! passion & resurrection ( our ,savi\r1 has become truly ! l& ( promise71 to %[ u :at ?is p possess$4 ,_! :ole dom9ions ext5d$ only f ,dan to ,be]%eba1 h>dly #afj ,roman miles 9 l5g? 7#adg geographical miles74 ,! ,scriptures give no m to ,david & ,solomon1 except :at !y acquir$ by alliance aft] conque/4444 ,i am a%am$ to say :at is ! bread? ( ! l& ( promise1 le/ ,i %\ld !reby give ! pagans occasion to blaspheme4 ,x is b #dg miles 7#db geographical miles7 f ,joppa to our little t[n ( ,be?lehem1 beyond :i* all is a frightful des]t0 7vol4 ii41 p4 #fje74 ,else:]e he describes ! c\ntry z ! 8refuse & rubbi% ( nature40 ,he says t 8f ,j]usalem to ,be?lehem !re is no?+ b /ones1 & 9 ! summ] ! inhabitants c sc>cely get wat] to dr9k40 8,9 ! ye> #ahdg1 ,lieut4 ,lyn* ( ! ,u4 ,s4 ,navy 0 s5t to explore ! riv] ,jordan & ! ,dead ,sea4 ,he & 8 p>ty ) great difficulty cross$ ! c\ntry f ,acre to ! ,lake ( ,tib]ias1 ) trucks drawn by camels4 ,! only roads f "t immemorial 7 mule-pa?s4 ,frequ5t dt\rs _h to be made1 & !y 7 compell$ actually to make "s portions ( _! road4 ,ev5 !n ! la/ declivity c\ld n be ov]come until all h&s turn$ out & haul$ ! boats & baggage d[n ! /eep places2 & _m times x seem$ z if1 l ! anci5t h]d ( sw9e1 !y w\ld all ru% precipitately into ! sea4 ,ov] ?ree days 7 requir$ to make ! j\rney1 :i* 9 a /raight l9e w\ld be only tw5ty-sev5 miles4 ,= ! fir/ few miles !y pass$ ov] a pretty f]tile pla91 b ?is 0 ! anci5t ,phnician c\ntry1 :i* ! ,jews nev] conqu]$4 ,! re/ ( ! r\te 0 m\nta9\s & rocky1 ) n a tree visible nor a h\se outside ! little wall$ villages 7pp4 #ace to #aeb74 8,! anci5t ,sea ( ,galilee has a prom95t place 9 ,jewi% geography & comm]ce1 yet on ?is insignificant body ( wat]1 twelve miles long by sev5 wide1 all ! comm]ce ( ! ,jews 0 c>ri$ on1 except :5 !y _h ! use ( a port on ! ,r$ ,sea4 8,9 a book entitl$ ,! ,holy ,l&1 ,syria1 etc41 by ,david ,rob]ts1 ,r4 ,a4 7,london1 #ahee71 ! valley ( ! ,jordan is ?us describ$3 8#8,a l>ge portion ( ! valley ( ! ,jordan has be5 f ! e>lie/ "t almo/ a des]t4 ,b 9 ! nor!rn "p ! great numb] ( rivulets :i* desc5d f ! m\nta9s on bo? sides produce 9 _m places a luxuriant gr[? ( wild h]bage4 ,s too 9 ! s\!rn "p1 :]e simil> rivulets exi/1 z ar\nd ,j]i*o1 !re is ev5 an exub]ant f]tility2 b ^? rivulets seldom rea* ! ,jordan & h no effect on ! middle ( ! ,ghor4 ,! m\nta9s on ea* side are rugg$ & desolate1 ! we/]n cliffs ov]hang+ ! valley at an elevation ( #ajjj or #abjj feet1 :ile ! ea/]n m\nta9s fall back 9 ranges ( f #bjjj to #bejj feet4'0 ,:at 0 ! size ( anci5t ,j]usalem8 ,we "k pretty ne>ly :at x is n[ & h[ _m inhabitants x conta9s4 ,x is ?ree-qu>t]s ( a mile long by half a mile wide1 & its population is n m ?an 1#ejj 7,biblical ,rese>*es1 vol i41 p4 #dba71 a l>ge proportion ( :om are drawn ?i!r by ! r5[n$ sanctity ( ! place4 ,dr4 ,rob9son measur$ ! wall ( ! city1 & f\nd x to be only #ab1igh feet 9 circumf]5ce1 or ne>ly two & a half miles 7vol4 i41 p4 #bfh74 8,9 a book entitl$ ,an ,essay on ! ,anci5t ,topography ( ,j]usalem1 by ,james ,f]gusson 7,london1 #ahdg71 a diagram is giv5 ( ! walls ( anci5t & mod]n ,j]usalem1 f :i* x appe>s t ! greate/ l5g? ( ! city 0 at no "t m ?an #fjjj feet1 or a little m ?an a mile1 & its greate/ wid? ab\t ?ree-qu>t]s ( a mile2 :ile ! real ,j]usalem ( old 0 b a little m ?an a qu>t] t size4 8,) ^! measurem5ts ,mr4 ,f]gusson und]takes to e/imate ! probable population ( ! anci5t city1 z foll[s3 8#8,if we all[ ! inhabitants ( ! fir/-nam$ cities fifty y>ds to ea* individual1 & t "o-half ( ! new city 0 inhabit$ at ! rate ( "o p]son to ea* "o hundr$ y>ds1 ?is w give a p]man5t population ( #bc1jjj s\ls4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 we all[ only ?irty-?ree y>ds to ea* ( ! old cities1 & admit t ! :ole ( ! new 0 z d5sely populat$ z ,london1 or all[+ "o hundr$ y>ds to ea* inhabitant1 we obta9 #cg1jjj s\ls = ! :ole2 :i* ,i d n ?9k x at all probable t ,j]usalem ev] c\ld h conta9$ z a p]man5t population4' 8#8,9 ano!r "p ( ! book 7p4 #dg7 he says3 8,if we 7 to tru/ ,josephus1 he w\ld h u believe t ,j]usalem conta9$ at "o "t1 or c\ld conta91 two & a half or ?ree millions ( s\ls1 & t at ! siege ( ,titus #a1ajj1jjj p]i%$ by fam9e & ! sword1 #ig1jjj 7 tak5 captive1 & #dj1jjj all[$ by ,titus to g free4 8,9 ord] to %[ ! gross exagg]ation ( ^! numb]s1 he cites ! fact t ! army ( ,titus did n exce$1 altoge!r1 #cj1jjj1 & t ,josephus himself enum]ates ! fight+-m5 ( ! city at #bc1djj1 :i* w\ld give a population some?+ "u #ajj1jjj4 ,b ev5 ?is he believes to be an exagg]ation4 ,=1 says he1 8#8,9 all ! sallies x _c be discov]$ t at any "t ! ,jews c\ld br+ into ! field #aj1jjj m51 if s _m4444 ,titus enclos$ ! city ) a l9e f\r & a half miles 9 ext5t1 :i*1 ) 8 small army1 0 s weak a disposition t a small body ( ! ,jews c\ld easily h brok5 ?r\gh x2 b !y nev] seem to h _h numb]s suffici5t to be able to attempt x4' 8,! au?or guesses t ! ,jews might h mu/]$ at ! beg9n+ ( ! siege ab\t #aj1jjj m51 & t ! city might h conta9$ altoge!r ab\t #dj1jjj inhabitants1 p]man5t & transi5t1 9 a space :i* 9 no o!r city 9 ! _w c\ld accommodate #cj1jjj s\ls4 ,b ! wall ( ,agrippa 0 built1 z ! same au?or /ates1 twelve or ?irte5 ye>s aft] ! ,crucifixion2 h5ce prior to t "t ! area ( ,j]usalem 0 only #gef1jjj y>ds1 & x 0 capable ( conta9+ only #bc1jjj inhabitants at mo/1 b probably nev] did conta9 m ?an #ae1jjj4 8,all[+ to ,j]usalem1 9 ! p]iod ( ! greate/ prosp]ity ( ! ,jews1 a population ( ev5 #bj1jjj1 is x at all probable t ! :ole c\ntry c\ld h conta9$ any?+ l ev5 ! l[e/ e/imate to be ga!r$ f ! ,scripture record8 ,9 #a ,*ron4 #ba3 #e1 #f we read t ! numb] ( #8m5 t drew ! sword ( ,israel & ,judah am\nt$ to #a1egj1jjj1 n c\nt+ ! tribes ( ,levi & ,b5jam94 ,9 #b ,sam4 #bd3 #i1 ! numb] giv5 at ! same c5sus is #a1cjj1jjj1 & no omission is m5tion$4 ,assum+ ! l>g] numb] to be correct1 & add+ only "o-eigh? = ! two tribes ( ,levi & ,b5jam91 :i* may h be5 ! smalle/1 we h #a1gff1jjj fight+-m54 ,?is w\ld give1 at ! rate ( "o fight+-man to f\r inhabitants1 a total population ( ov] #g1jjj1jjj s\ls4 ,b if we adopt a m reasonable ratio1 ( "o to six1 we h a population ( ov] #aj1ejj1jjj s\ls4 ,& !n we omit ! ali5s4 ,^! numb]$ #aec1fjj work+-m5 only two ye>s lat] 7#b ,*ron4 #b3 #ag71 & ! total ali5 population1 !re=e1 mu/ h be5 ab\t #ejj1jjj1 :i*1 add$ to ! c5sus1 w\ld make ! total population f #g1ejj1jjj to #aa1jjj1jjj1 or m4 ,c any intellig5t man believe t a m\nta9\s1 b>r5 c\ntry1 no l>g] ?an ,connecticut1 )\t comm]ce1 )\t manufactures1 )\t ! me*anical arts1 )\t civilization1 ev] did or c\ld subsi/ ev5 two millions ( p8 ,mu* less c x be believ$ t x subsi/$ #8sev5 nations great] & mighti] ?an ! ,israeliti% nation itself' 7,deut4 #g3 #a7--;i e4 n less ?an #ad1jjj1jjj4 8,t ! ,jews 7 a v b>b>\s p is und5iable4 ,slav]y necess>ily makes a p b>b>\s4 ,n only 7 ! ,israelites a nation ( slaves1 accord+ to _! own record1 b aft] _! entry into ,canaan !y 7 six times r$uc$ to bondage 9 _! own l& ( promise4 ,dur+ a p]iod ( #bha ye>s !y 7 9 slav]y #aaa ye>s4 8,t ! ,jews 7 f> beh9d _! surr\nd+ neighbors 9 civilization is %[n by ! fact t 9 ! fir/ battle !y f\ght "u _! fir/ k+1 ,saul1 !y _h 9 ! :ole army #8nei!r sword nor spe> 9 ! h& ( any ( ! p1' except ,saul & ,jona?an 7#a ,sam4 #ac3bb74 ,nor 0 any #8smi? f\nd ?r\gh\t all ! l& ( ,israel' 7v]4 #ai71 b #8all ! ,israelites w5t d[n to ! ,phili/9es to %>p5 e man 8 %>e1 & 8 c\lt]1 & 8 axe1 & 8 mattock' 7v]4 #bj47 ,?is 0 #djd ye>s aft] ! ,exodus & only #ge ye>s prior to ! build+ ( ,solomon's temple4 ,_! weapons ( w> 7 ^? ( ! rude/ savage4 8,z ano!r evid5ce ( ! b>b>ism ( ! ,jews1 :5 ,david resolv$ to build a h\se = himself he _h no native artisans1 b _h to s5d to ,hiram1 k+ ( ,tyre1 = masons & c>p5t]s 7#b ,sam4 #e3 #aa74 ,ev5 ! wood itself _h to be br\ght f ,tyre1 x w\ld seem t ev5 9 ^? days1 z n[1 ! m\nta9s ( ,canaan 7 de/itute ( trees--a sure sign ( a /]ile c\ntry4 ,! wood ( c\rse _h to be c>ri$ ov]l&4 ,:eel-c>riages 7 unkn[n to ! ,israelites1 except 9 ! =m ( *>iots ( iron us$ by _! enemies1 :i* prev5t$ ,judah1 ev5 ) ! help ( ! ,"l1 f driv+ out ! inhabitants ( ! valleys 7,judg4 #a3 #ai74 ,david captur$ #ajjj *>iots 9 ab\t ! sixte5? ye> ( 8 reign1 ( :i* he pres]v$ only #ajj1 disabl+ all ! horses 7#a ,ghron4 #ah3 #c47 ,prior to ?is ev5t nei!r *>iots nor horses _h be5 us$ by ! ,israelites1 nor 0 mu* use made ( !m by ! subsequ5t k+s4 ,ox5 & asses 7 _! bea/s ( burd52 camels 7 r>e ev5 long aft] ,solomon's reign4 ,h[1 !n1 0 ! wood br\ght f ,tyre ov] ! m\nta9s1 unless x 0 c>ri$ on ! backs ( ox5 or asses or dragg$ along ! gr\nd80 ,t a consid]able numb] ( ,jews at "o "t soj\rn$ 9 ,egypt is highly probable4 ,h[ !y got !re1 & h[ !y came to leave1 is n s c]ta94 ,an em95t ,egyptologi/ writes 9 a lead+ ,london j\rnal3 8,! pres5ce ( l>ge numb]s ( ,semites 9 anci5t ,egypt has always be5 a puzzle to hi/orians1 & :at fir/ l$ to _! migrat+ f ,mesopotamia to ! l& ( ! ,ph>aohs has nev] hi!rto be5 made cle>4 ,q rec5tly1 h[ev]1 ! ,briti% ,museum has become possess$ ( a numb] ( cunei=m tablets :i* ?r[ consid]able light on ! subject4 ,e>ly 9 ! pres5t ye> a numb] ( ^! tablets 7 (f]$ = sale 9 ,cairo4 ,!y _h be5 dug up f ! grave ( a royal scribe ( ,am5ophis ,,iii4 & ,,iv4 ( ! eighte5? dyna/y1 :i* _h giv5 up its records1 & n only records1 b seals & papyri ( great hi/orical & arti/ic value4 ,"s w5t to ! ,b\lak ,museum1 "s to ,b]l91 o!rs to private p]sons1 & eighty-"o h f\nd _! way to ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,^! la/ h n[ be5 arrang$ & catalogu$ by ,mr4 ,budge1 ! well-kn[n ,egyptologi/1 ^: inve/igations h br\ght to light a mo/ int]e/+ *apt] 9 ! hi/ory ( anci5t ,egypt4 ,n only d ! tablets expla9 ! hi/orical crux m5tion$ above1 b !y introduce u to ! family life ( ! e>ly k+s4 ,!y picture to u ! spl5dors ( ! royal palaces2 !y enable u to assi/ at ! betro?al ( ! k+s' daught]s & to foll[ ! k+s to _! hunt+-gr\nds4 ,mo/ ( ! tablets are lett]s address$ to ,am5ophis ,,iii41 & "s are f ,tu%ratta1 k+ ( ,mesopotamia4 8,am5ophis ,,iii4 0 a mighty hunt]1 & once on a %oot+-trip into ,mesopotamia aft] big game he1 l a k+ 9 a fairy-tale1 met & lov$ ,ti1 ! daught] ( ,tu%ratta4 ,!y 7 m>ri$ 9 due "t1 & ,ti w5t d[n into ,egypt ) ?ree hundr$ & sev5te5 ( h] pr9cipal ladies4 ,?is br\ght a ho/ ( _! ,semitic c\ntrym5 along1 :o f\nd 9 ,egypt a good field = _! bus9ess capacities1 & gradually1 l ! mod]n ,jews 9 ,russia1 got possession ( ! l&s & goods ( _! ho/s4 ,! influ5ce ( ! ,semitic que5 is atte/$ by ! v fact t ?is libr>y ( cunei=m tablets 0 pres]v$4 ,& "u ! feeble sov]eigns :o foll[$1 h] c\ntrym5 d\btless held _! own4 ,b at la/ came ! n9ete5? dyna/y & ! ,ph>aoh #8:o knew n ,joseph4' ,!n !y 7 set to brick-mak+ & pyramid-build+1 till ! outbreak :i* l$ to ! ,r$ ,sea triumph4 8,mr4 ,budge1 ( ! ,briti% ,museum1 has translat$ ?ree ( ! lett]s4 ,"o is f ,tu%ratta to ,am5o-phis4 ,aft] _m complim5t>y salutations1 he proposes to 8 son-9-law t !y %\ld cont9ue ! arrangem5t made by _! fa!rs = pa/ur+ d\blehump$ camels1 & 9 ?is way he leads up to ! ma9 purport ( 8 epi/le4 ,he says t ,manie1 8 great-nephew1 is ambiti\s to m>ry ! daught] ( ! k+ ( ,egypt1 & he pleads t ,manie might be all[$ to g d[n to ,egypt to woo 9 p]son4 ,! alliance w\ld1 he consid]s1 be a bond ( union betwe5 ! two c\ntries1 & he adds1 z ?\gh by an aft]-?\ght1 t ! gold :i* ,am5ophis appe>s to h ask$ = %\ld be s5t = at once1 toge!r ) #8l>ge gold j>s1 l>ge gold plates1 & o!r articles made ( gold4' ,aft] ?is mean+ int]polation he returns to ! m>riage "q1 & proposes to act 9 ! matt] ( ! d[ry 9 ! same way 9 :i* 8 gr&fa!r act$1 presumably on a l occasion4 ,he !n enl>ges on ! weal? ( 8 k+dom1 :]e #8gold is l du/ :i* _c be c\nt$1' & he adds an inv5tory ( pres5ts :i* he is s5d+1 articles ( gold1 inlay1 & h>ness1 & ?irty eunu*s40 ,9 speak+ ( ! soj\rn ( ! ,israelites 9 ,egypt1 ,dr4 ,knapp]t says3 8,accord+ to ! tradition pres]v$ 9 ,g5esis1 x 0 ! promotion ( ,jacob's son1 ,joseph1 to be vic]oy ( ,egypt t br\ght ab\t ! migration ( ! sons ( ,israel f ,canaan to ,go%54 ,! /ory goes t ?is ,joseph 0 sold z a slave by 8 bro!rs1 & aft] _m *anges ( =tune receiv$ ! vic]egal (fice at ,ph>aoh's h&s ?r\gh 8 skill 9 int]pret+ dreams4 ,fam9e drives 8 bro!rs1 & aft]w>d 8 fa!r1 to him1 & ! ,egyptian pr9ce gives !m ! l& ( ,go%5 to live 94 ,x is by imag9+ all ?is t ! leg5d tries to acc\nt = ! fact t ,israel pass$ "s "t 9 ,egypt4 ,b we mu/ look = ! real explanation 9 a migration ( c]ta9 tribes :i* c\ld n e/abli% or ma9ta9 !mselves 9 ,canaan1 & 7 =c$ to move f>!r on40 ,! au?or ( ! ,religion ( ,israel says3 8,! hi/ory ( ! religion ( ,israel mu/ />t f ! soj\rn ( ! ,israelites 9 ,egypt4 ,=m]ly x 0 usual to take a mu* e>li] />t+-po9t1 & to beg9 ) a discussion ( ! religi\s ideas ( ! patri>*s4 ,& ?is 0 p]fectly "r s long z ! acc\nts ( ,abraham1 ,isaac1 & ,jacob 7 consid]$ hi/orical4 ,b n[ t a /rict inve/igation has %[n u t ^! /ories are entirely unhi/orical1 ( c\rse we h to beg9 ! hi/ory lat] on40 ,! au?or ( ,! ,_s ,hi/ory ( ,man says3 8,! ,hebrews came out ( ,egypt & settl$ among ! ,canaanites4 ,!y ne$ n be trac$ beyond ! ,exodus2 t is _! hi/orical beg9n+4 ,x 0 v easy to cov] up ?is remote ev5t by ! recital ( my?ical traditions1 & to prefix to x an acc\nt ( _! orig9 9 :i* ! gods 7patri>*s7 %\ld figure z _! ance/ors40 ,b h[ ab\t ! ,jewi% exodus f ,egypt8 ,:at 0 ! real cause8 ,:om %all we cr$it1 ! writ] ( ! book call$ ,exodus or o!r writ]s8 ,:at foll[s diff]s v mu* f ! ,hebrew /ory4 ,lysima*us relates t 8a fil?y disease broke out 9 ,egypt1 & ! oracle ( ,ammon1 be+ consult$ on ! occasion1 comm&$ ! k+ to purify ! l& by driv+ out ! ,jews 7:o 7 infect$ ) leprosy1 etc471 :o 7 hateful to ! gods4 ,! :ole multitude ( ! p 7 accord+ly collect$ & driv5 out into ! wild]ness40 ,diodorus ,siculus says3 8,9 anci5t times ,egypt 0 afflict$ ) a great plague1 :i* 0 attribut$ to ! ang] ( ,god on acc\nt ( ! multitude ( =eign]s 9 ,egypt1 by :om ! rites ( ! native religion 7 neglect$4 ,! ,egyptians accord+ly drove !m out4 ,! mo/ notable ( !m w5t "u ,cadmus & ,danaus to ,greece1 b ! great] numb] foll[$ ,moses1 a wise & valiant lead]1 to ,pale/9e40 ,tacitus1 ! ,roman hi/orian1 says3 8,9 ?is cla% ( op9ions "o po9t seems to be univ]sally admitt$--a pe/il5tial disease1 disfigur+ ! race ( man & mak+ ! body an object ( loa?some de=mity1 spread+ all ov] ,egypt4 ,boc*oris1 at t "t ! reign+ mon>*1 consult$ ! oracle ( ,jupit] ,hammon1 & receiv$ = answ] t ! k+dom mu/ be purifi$ by ext]m9at+ ! infect$ multitude1 z a race ( m5 dete/$ by ! gods4 ,aft] dilig5t se>* ! wret*$ suff]]s 7 collect$ toge!r1 & 9 a wild & b>r5 des]t ab&on$ to _! mis]y4 ,9 t di/ress1 :ile ! vulg> h]d 0 sunk 9 deep despair1 ,moses1 "o ( _! numb]1 rem9d$ !m t by ! wisdom ( 8 c\nsels !y _h be5 already rescu$ out ( imp5d+ dang]4 ,des]t$ z !y 7 by m5 & gods1 he told !m t if !y did n repose _! confid5ce 9 him z _! *ief by div9e commission !y _h no res\rce left4 ,8 (f] 0 accept$4 ,_! m>* began1 !y knew n :i!r4 ,want ( wat] 0 _! *ief di/ress4 ,worn out ) fatigue1 !y lay /ret*$ on ! b>e e>?1 he>tbrok51 ready to expire1 :5 a troop ( wild asses1 return+ f pa/ure1 w5t up ! /eep asc5t ( a rock cov]$ ) a grove ( trees4 ,! v]dure ( ! h]bage r\nd ! place sugge/$ ! idea ( spr+s ne> at h&4 ,moses trac$ ! /eps ( ! animals1 & discov]$ a pl5tiful ve9 ( wat]4 ,by ?is relief ! fa9t+ multitude 0 rais$ f despair40 ,9 a le>n$ "w on ,egypt by ,mr4 ,william ,oxley ( ,engl&1 publi%$ 9 #ahhd1 ! au?or writes3 8,tak+ ! records z we f9d !m1 if !y are real hi/ory1 & z ,pale/9e is contigu\s to ,egypt1 we %\ld naturally expect to f9d "s ref]5ce to ! ,israelites 9 ! ,egyptian annals1 b :at does appe> 9 reg>d to ,pale/9e is c]ta9ly n favorable to ! assumption t x 0 ! home ( ! ,israelites z a nation4 ,i cull ! foll[+ f su* mat]ials z are at pres5t )9 rea*1 p>tly tak5 f ! ,records ( ! ,pa/3 8,x has be5 g5]ally ackn[l$g$ by ,egyptian biblici/s t #8! cruel bondage ( ! ,israelites1 culm9at$ "u ! reign ( ,rameses ,,ii41 n9ete5? dyna/y1 & t ! ,exodus took place "u 8 successor1 ,m5ephtah ,i41 #acbf b4 c41 :o 0 dr[n$ 9 ! ,r$ ,sea ) all 8 ho/ 9 8 attempt to br+ ! w&]]s back aga94 ,b1 z ,i h already said1 ! tomb ( ?is v k+ at ,!bes conta9s an inscription to ! effect t he _h liv$ to a good old age1 & 0 a *ild ( good-=tune f 8 cradle to ! grave4 ,9 ! annals ( ,rameses ,,iii41 :o reign$ "s fifty or sixty ye>s aft] ! ,israelites ought to h be5 settl$ 9 _! own l&1 _m ref]5ces are made to ! c\ntry 9 :i* !y 7 locat$ 7accord+ to biblical acc\nts74 ,! k+ goes to :at is kn[n to u z ,pale/9e1 ,phnicia1 & ,syria to receive ! annual tribute f ! *iefs_/ :om he calls ,khetas4 ,9 ! enum]ation ( 8 conque/s1 ext5d+ f ,egypt ea/ & nor?w>d1 he enum]ates ?irty-eight tribes & peoples1 & says3 #8,i h smitt5 e l&1 & h tak5 e l& 9 its ext5t4' ,9 8 rem9d] to ! ,god ,ptah ( ! b5efits he _h conf]r$ on ! god1 ! k+ says3 #8,i gave to ?y temple f ! /ore-h\ses ( ,egypt1 ,t>-net]1 & ,kh>u 7i1 e4 ,pale/9e & ,syria7 m num]\s (f]+s ?an ! s& ( ! sea1 z well z cattle & slaves' 7,syrians74 ,he also built a temple to ,ammon 9 ! same c\ntry1 to :i* #8! nations ( ! ,rut5na came & br\ght _! tribute4' ,mak+ full all[ance = ! usual ,egyptian flatt]y1 ! fact is cle> t 9 ! "t ( ?is k+ ! ,israelites c\ld n h be5 a settl$ & di/9ct p2 & ! incid5t ( _! ,exodus w\ld h be5 too fre% & rec5t to be pass$ ov] )\t "s comm5t by ?is va+lori\s mon>*4 8,f a papyrus translat$ 9 ! ,records ( ! ,pa/ 7ii4 #ajg71 entitl$ ,travels ( an ,egyptian1 :o gives a full acc\nt ( ,pale/9e1 etc41 x appe>s !re 0 a =tress !re :i* _h be5 built by ,rameses ,,ii41 & :i* 0 /ill belong+ to ,egypt4 ,?is w\ld be ab\t #acej ,b4 ,c42 b n ! slighte/ h9t ( any su* p z ,israelites1 al?\gh he tells u #8he visit$ ! c\ntry to get in=mation respect+ ! c\ntry1 ) ! mann]s & cu/oms ( its inhabitants4' 8,! next is ,rameses ,,xii41 "s two hundr$ ye>s aft] ! ,exodus1 :o is ! h]o ( ! /ory ( ! possess$ pr9cess4 ,he 0 9 ,mesopotamia at ! "t :5 ! *ief ( ! ,bakht5 br\ght 8 daught]1 :o aft]w>d became que5 ( ,egypt4 #8,8 ,maje/y 0 !re regi/]+ ! annual tributes ( all ! pr9ces ( ! c\ntries1' among :om he enum]ates ,t>-net] 7,pale/9e71 b no m5tion ( ,israelites4 8,i f9d no fur!r trace until ! "t ( ,h]odotus 7ab\t #dbj ,b4 c472 & "h we come on hi/orical gr\nd4 ,?is great hi/orian travell$ ?r\gh ,egypt & ,pale/9e 9 ! reign ( "o ( ! k+s ( ! ,p]sian dyna/y1 ab\t =ty or fifty ye>s aft] ! alleg$ return ( ! ,jews f _! captivity 9 ,babylon1 & :5 ! temple _h be5 built & ! city =tifi$4 ,he repeat$ly alludes to ! ,phnicians & ,syrians1 ^: c\ntry ext5d$ f ! coa/ ( ! ,levant d[n to ! ,egyptian fronti]1 includ+ ! i/hmus & ,s9aitic ,p59sula4 ,he says t ,ne*o 7ab\t #fgj b4 c47 f\ght ) ! ,syrians1 & took a l>ge city1 ,cadytis2 b he makes no m5tion ( ,jews nor yet ( ,j]usalem4 ,if !y _h be5 !re1 x is incr$ible t su* a c>eful & grasp+ hi/orian %\ld h explor$ ! l& )\t notic+ !m 9 "s way or o!r4 8,! next is f a tablet erect$ to ,alex&] ,,ii4 by ,ptolemy1 at t "t vic]oy "u ! ,p]sian k+1 b :o soon aft] himself became k+ ( ,egypt1 #cje b4 c4 ,! inscription /ates t #8,alex&] m>*$ ) an army ( ,ionians to ! ,syrians' l&1 :o 7 at w> ) him4 ,he p5etrat$ its int]ior & took x at "o /roke1 & l$ _! pr9ces1 cavalry1 %ips1 & works ( art to ,egypt4' 8,next foll[s ! ?ird ,ptolemy1 #bch b4 c4 7see ! ,decree ( ,canopus1 ,records ( ! ,pa/1 viii41 #ha71 :o invad$ ! two l&s ( ,asia1 & br\ght back to ,egypt all ! treasures :i* _h be5 c>ri$ away by ,cambyses & 8 successors4 ,he #8import$ corn f ,ea/ ,rut5na & ,kafa?a'--i4 e4 f ,syria & ,phnicia4 ,x 0 ! fa!r ( ?is k+ :o is cr$it$ ) s5d+ to ,judea = ! sev5ty-two m5 :o translat$ ! ,hebrew ,bible into ,greek2 & yet nei!r ( ^! ,ptolemaic k+s makes m5tion ( ,judea1 ,j]usalem1 or ! ,jews6 ,! inf]5ce is obvi\s3 !y 7 n !re4 8,_m hi/oriograph]s1 :5 writ+ ( ,jewi% annals1 use ! ,ptolemaic & o!r monum5tal & papyrian acc\nts z apply+ to ! ,jews1 & consequ5tly use ! t]m #8,jews1' b ?is is unw>rantable1 inasmu* z ! acc\nts !mselves speak ( #8,syrians1 ,phnicians1' etc41 b n ( #8,jews4' ,accord+ to ! be/ cyclopdi/s1 #8!re is little or no?+ kn[n ( ! ,jews or ,j]usalem until ! "t ( ,*ri/2' & ev5 !n x is tak5 *iefly f ,josephus1 :o1 to my view1 is sc>cely admissible z a *ronograph] ( actual hi/ory4 ,no m5tion is made by ! ,ptolemies--say #bej or ev5 less ye>s b4 c4--( ! ,jews ( ,j]usalem1 & z ! ,roman emp]or ,hadrian 7f #aag to #ach ,a4 ,d47 is cr$it$ ) *ang+ ! "n ( ! city to lia ,capitol9a1 x c\ld only h be5 kn[n z ,j]usalem = a few c5turies at mo/4 ,! ,ar* ( ,titus 9 ,rome is tak5 z conclusive pro( t x 0 erect$ to commemorate 8 victories ov] ! rebelli\s ,jews & ! successful siege ( ,j]usalem4 ,b ev5 ?is1 ,i appreh5d1 is tak5 *iefly f ,josephus4 ,:5 9 ,rome la/ ye> ,i closely inspect$ ?is ar*1 expect+ to f9d an inscription to ?is effect1 b ,i 0 disappo9t$ at see+ only a ,lat9 "o ov] ! ar*1 :i* reads 79 ,engli%73 #8,! ,s5ate & ,roman ,p to ! ,div9e ,titus1 7,son7 ( ! div9e ,vespasian1' & ano!r1 by ,pius ,,vii41 record+ its re/oration4 ,x is true1 ,i saw ! alto-reliefs on ! inside ( ! ar*1 %[+ a table1 trumpets1 & a sev5-bran*$ lamp2 b ^! 7 us$ 9 _m temples1 & w\ld z well ref] to ! ,syrian or ,phnician temples1 :i* und\bt$ly exi/$ at t "t1 & 9 ! abs5ce ( direct ,roman te/imony to ! "n ( ! city & p 7( :i* ,i am unaw>e71 x _c be accept$ z indubitable evid5ce ( its ref]5ce to a city call$ & kn[n to !m z ,j]usalem1 & to a p kn[n to !m z ,jews4 ,unless ?is c be e/abli%$1 x only am\nts to an inf]5ce re/+ on ,josephus4 8,z ! result ( my rese>*es1 ,i place ,jewi% hi/orians1 s call$1 ^u ! same foot+ z ! ,*ri/ian ecclesia/ical ones1 ^: works1 :ile conta9+ a base ( m or less hi/orical ref]5ce & tru?1 are yet too mu* ov]weight$ ) unhi/orical my?s to be reg>d$ z g5u9e1 sob] hi/ory4 ,to my view1 ! ,jews 71 at ! p]iod ,i am ref]r+ to1 9 a n dissimil> position to ! ,druses ( ,lebanon ( ! pres5t day4 ,z is well kn[n to a c]ta9 class ( writ]s :o h come 9 contact ) !m1 !y =m a community held toge!r n s mu* by national ties z by semi-religi\s ones1 :i* are bas$ ^u ,cabali/ic & !urgic rites & c]emonies4 ,l :at ,i conceive ! ,jews to h be5 9 ! c5turies prec$+ ! ,*ri/ian era1 !y are an ord] r ?an a nation1 ! rema9s ( sy/ems :i* h cont9u$ & surviv$ f anci5t times4 ,9 ?is light ! ,jewi% records are intelligible z writ+s veil$ 9 allegory1 treat+ ( _! my/ic lore1 albeit express$ 9 v]biage t be>s a lit]al mean+ ^u its surface4 ,i give ?is z ! only solution t pres5ts itself ( ! my/]i\s problem "u review40 ,i n[ propose to /ate a few po9ts f ! ,jewi% writ+s !mselves 7collat$ f ,bi%op ,col5so7 to %[ ! fabul\s "* ( ! hi/ory ( ?is pret5ti\s p4 ,! numb] ( fight+-m5 :o m>*$ out ( ,egypt is n[h]e e/imat$ at less ?an #fjj1jjj1 & if ?is repres5t$ only "o-f\r? ( ! population1 ! latt] mu/ h rea*$ #c1jjj1jjj4 ,if we cut ?is d[n "o-?ird1 s z to be sure ( our figures1 we make x #b1jjj1jjj s\ls4 ,! numb] ( ! *ildr5 ( ,israel :o w5t into ,egypt 0 #gj 7,ex4 #a3 #e74 ,!y soj\rn$ 9 ,egypt #bae ye>s4 ,x c\ld n h be5 #dcj ye>s1 z w\ld appe> f ,ex4 #aa3dj4 ,! m>g9al *ronology makes ! p]iod #bae ye>s1 & !re 7 only f\r g5]ations to ! ,exodus--namely1 ,levi1 ,koha?1 ,amram1 & ,moses 7,ex4 #f3 #af1 #ah1 #bj74 ,h[ c\ld ^! p h increas$ 9 #bae ye>s f #gj s\ls s z to numb] #fjj1jjj w>riors8 ,x w\ld h requir$ an av]age numb] ( #df *ildr5 to ea* fa!r4 ,! #ab sons ( ,jacob _h betwe5 !m only #ec sons4 ,at ?is rate ( increase1 9 ! f\r? g5]ation !re w\ld h be5 only #fcaa males 7provid$ !y 7 all liv+ at ! "t ( ! ,exodus71 in/ead ( #a1jjj1jjj4 ,if we add ! fif? g5]ation1 :o w\ld be mo/ly *ildr51 ! total numb] ( males w\ld n h exce$$ #bh1dfe4 ,all ! fir/-born males f a mon? old & upw>d1 ( ^? t 7 numb]$1 7 #bb1bgc 7,num4 #c3 #dc74 ,! l[e/ computation ( ! :ole numb] ( ! p at t "t is #b1jjj1jjj4 ,! numb] ( males w\ld be #a1jjj1jjj4 ,divid+ ! latt] numb] by ! numb] ( fir/-born1 gives #dd1 :i* w\ld be ! av]age numb] ( boys 9 ea* family1 or ab\t #hh *ildr5 by ea* "m4 ,or1 if :]e ! fir/-born 7 females1 ! males 7 n c\nt$1 ! numb] ( *ildr5 by ea* "m w\ld be r$uc$ to #dd4 ,dan 9 ! fir/ g5]ation _h b "o son 7,g54 #df3 #bc71 & yet 9 ! f\r? g5]ation 8 desc5dants _h increas$ to #fb1gjj w>riors 7,num4 #b3 #bf71 or #fd1djj 7,num4 #bf3 #dc74 ,ea* ( 8 sons & gr&sons mu/ h _h ab\t #hj *ildr5 ( bo? sexes4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! ,levites increas$ ! numb] ( 8males f a mon? old & upw>d0 dur+ ! #ch ye>s 9 ! wild]ness only f #bb1jjj to #bc1jjj 7,num4 #c3 #ci2 #bf3 #fb71 & ! tribe ( ,manasseh dur+ ! same "t increas$ f #cb1bjj 7,num4 #a3 #ce7 to #eb1gjj 7#bf3 #cd74 ,! :ole population ( ,israel 7 in/ruct$ 9 "o s+le day to keep ! passov]1 & actually did keep x 7,ex4 #ab74 ,at ! fir/ notice ( any su* fea/ ,jehovah said1 8,i w pass ?r\gh ! l& ( ,egypt ?is night40 ,! passov] 0 to be kill$ 8at ev50 on ! same day t ,moses receiv$ ! comm&4 ,! wom5 7 at ! same "t ord]$ to borr[ jewels ( _! neighbors1 ! ,egyptians4 ,aft] midnight ( ! same day ! ,israelites receiv$ notice to />t = ! wild]ness4 ,no "o 0 to g out ( 8 h\se till morn+1 :5 !y 7 to take _! hurri$ flight ) _! cattle & h]ds4 ,h[ c\ld #b1jjj1jjj p1 scatt]$ ab\t ov] a wide di/rict1 z !y mu/ h be5 ) _! cattle & h]ds1 h gott5 ready & tak5 a simultane\s hurri$ flight at twelve h\rs' notice8 ,! ,israelites1 ) _! flocks & h]ds1 rea*$ ! ,r$ ,sea1 a di/ance ( f fifty to sixty miles ov] a s&y des]t1 9 ?ree days6 ,m>*+ fifty abrea/1 ! able-bodi$ w>riors alone w\ld h fill$ up ! road = sev5 miles1 & ! :ole multitude w\ld h made a column tw5ty-two miles long1 s t ! la/ ( ! body c\ld n h be5 />t$ until ! front _h advanc$ t di/ance--m ?an two days' j\rney = su* a mix$ company4 ,!n ! %eep & cattle mu/ h =m$ ano!r va/ column1 cov]+ a mu* great] tract ( gr\nd 9 proportion to _! numb]4 ,^u :at did ^! two millions ( %eep & ox5 fe$ 9 ! j\rney to ! ,r$ ,sea ov] a des]t region1 s&y1 gravelly1 & /ony alt]nately8 ,h[ did ! p manage ) ! sick & infirm1 & especially ) ! sev5 hundr$ & fifty bir?s t mu/ h tak5 place 9 ! ?ree days' m>*8 ,judah 0 =ty-two ye>s old :5 he w5t d[n ) ,jacob into ,egypt1 be+ ?ree ye>s old] ?an 8 bro!r ,joseph1 :o 0 !n ?irty-n9e4 ,= 8,joseph 0 ?irty ye>s old :5 he /ood be=e ,ph>aoh0 7,g54 #da3 #df72 & f t "t n9e ye>s elaps$ 7sev5 ( pl5ty & two ( fam9e7 be=e ,jacob came d[n into ,egypt4 ,judah 0 born 9 ! f\r? ye> ( ,jacob's d\ble m>riage 7,g54 #bi3 #ce71 be+ ! f\r? ( ! sev5 *ildr5 ( ,leah born 9 sev5 ye>s2 & ,joseph 0 born ( ,ra*el 9 ! sev5? ye> 7,g54 #cj3 #bd1 #bf2 #ba3 #da74 ,9 ^! =ty-two ye>s ( ,judah's life ! foll[+ ev5ts are record$ 9 ,g54 #ch3 ,he gr[s up1 m>ries1 & has ?ree sons4 ,8 elde/ son gr[s up1 m>ries1 & dies4 ,! second son m>ries 8 bro!r's wid[ & dies4 ,! ?ird son1 aft] wait+ to gr[ to maturity1 decl9es to m>ry ! wid[4 ,! wid[ !n deceives ,judah himself1 & be>s him tw9s--,ph>ez & ,z>ah4 ,"o ( ^! tw9s gr[s up & has two sons--,hez-ron & ,hamul--bom to him be=e ,jacob goes d[n into ,egypt4 ,9 ,ex4 #cj3aa-ac1 ,jehovah comm&$ ,moses to take a c5sus ( ! *ildr5 ( ,israel1 & 9 do+ x to collect half a %ekel ( ! sanctu>y z atonem5t-money4 ,?is expression 8%ekel ( ! sanctu>y0 is put into ! m\? ( ,jehovah six or sev5 mon?s be=e ! tab]nacle 0 made4 ,9 ,ex4 #ch3 #bf we read ( su* a tribute be+ paid1 b no?+ is !re said ( any c5sus be+ tak51 only t ! numb] ( ^? :o paid1 f tw5ty ye>s old & upw>d1 0 #fjc1eej m54 ,9 ,num4 #a3 #a-df1 m ?an six mon?s aft] ?is occasion1 an acc\nt ( an actual c5sus is giv51 b no atonm5t-money is m5tion$4 ,if 9 ! fir/ in/ance a c5sus 0 tak51 b accid5tally omitt$ to be m5tion$1 & 9 ! second in/ance ! tribute 0 paid1 b accid5tally omitt$ likewise1 x 0 nev]!less surpris+ t ! numb] ( adult males %\ld h be5 id5tically ! same 7#fjc1eej7 on bo? occasions1 six mon?s ap>t4 ,a>on & 8 two sons 7 ! only prie/s dur+ ,a>on's lifetime4 ,!y _h to make all ! burnt-(f]+s on a s+le alt> n9e feet squ>e 7,ex4 #cg3 #a71 besides att5d+ to o!r prie/ly duties = #b1jjj1jjj p4 ,at ! bir? ( e *ild bo? a burnt-(f]+ & a s9-(f]+ _h to be made4 ,! numb] ( bir?s mu/ be reckon$ z at lea/ two hundr$ & fifty a day1 = :i* consequ5tly five hundr$ sacrifices w\ld h to be (f]$ daily--an impossible duty to be p]=m$ by ?ree prie/s4 ,= poor wom5 pigeons 7 accept$ in/ead ( lambs4 ,if half ( !m (f]$ pigeons1 & only "o in/ead ( two1 x w\ld h requir$ #ij1jjj pigeons annually = ?is purpose alone4 ,:]e did !y get ! pigeons8 ,h[ c\ld !y h _h !m at all "u ,s9ai8 ,!re 7 ?irte5 cities :]e ! pres5ce ( ^! ?ree prie/s 0 requir$ 7,jo%4 #ba3 #ai74 ,! ?ree prie/s _h to eat a l>ge portion ( ! bumt-(f]+s 7,num4 #ah3 #aj7 & all ! s9-(f]+s--two hundr$ & fifty pigeons a day--m ?an eighty = ea* prie/4 ,9 keep+ ! second passov] "u ,s9ai1 #aej1jjj lambs mu/ h be5 kill$--i4 e4 "o = ea* family 7,ex4 #ab3 #c1 #d74 ,! ,levites slew !m1 & ! ?ree prie/s _h to spr9kle ! blood f _! h&s 7#a ,*ron4 #cj3 #af2 #ce3 #aa74 ,! kill+ _h to be done 8betwe5 two ev5+s0 7,ex4 #ab3 #f71 & ! spr9kl+ _h to be done 9 ab\t two h\rs4 ,! kill+ mu/ h be5 done 9 ! c\rt ( ! tab]nacle 7,lev4 #a3 #c1 #e2 #ag3 #b-f74 ,! area ( ! c\rt c\ld h held b #ejjj p at mo/4 ,"h ! lambs _h to be sacrific$ at ! rate ( #abej a m9ute1 & ea* ( ! ?ree prie/s _h to spr9kle ! blood ( m ?an #djj lambs e m9ute = two h\rs4 ,! numb] ( w>riors ( ! ,israelites1 z record$ at ! ,exodus1 0 #fjj1jjj 7,ex4 #g3 #cg72 subsequ5tly x 0 #fjc1eej 7,ex4 #ch3 #be-bh71 & at ! end ( _! w&]+s x 0 #fja1gcj 7,num4 #bf3 #ea74 ,b 9 #b ,*ron4 #ac3c1 ,abijah1 k+ ( ,judah1 br+s #j1jjj m5 aga9/ ,j]oboam1 k+ ( ,israel1 ) #j1jjj1 & 8!re fell d[n sla9 ( ,israel #ejj1jjj *os5 m50 7v]4 #ag74 ,on ano!r occasion1 ,pekah1 k+ ( ,israel1 slew ( ,judah 9 "o day1 #abj1jjj valiant m5 7#b ,*ron4 #bh3 #f47 ,! ,israelites at _! ,exodus 7 provid$ ) t5ts 7,ex4 #af3 #af71 9 :i* !y und\bt$ly encamp$ & dwelt4 ,!y did n dwell 9 t5ts 9 ,egypt1 b 9 8h\ses0 ) 8doors10 8sidepo/s10 & 8l9tels40 ,^! t5ts mu/ h be5 made ei!r ( hair or ( sk9 7,ex4 #bf3 #g1 #ad2 #cf3 #ad1 #ai7--mo/ probably ( ! latt]--& 7 !re=e mu* heavi] ?an ! mod]n canvas t5ts4 ,at lea/ #bjj1jjj 7 requir$ to accommodate #b1jjj1jjj p4 ,suppos+ !y took ^! t5ts f ,egypt1 h[ did !y c>ry !m 9 _! hurri$ m>* to ! ,r$ ,sea8 ,! p _h burd5s en\gh )\t !m4 ,!y _h to c>ry _! knead+-tr\ghs ) ! d\gh unleav5$1 _! clo!s1 _! cook+ ut5sils1 c\*es1 infants1 ag$ & infirm p]sons1 & food en\gh = at lea/ a mon?'s use1 or until manna 0 provid$ = !m 9 ! wild]ness1 :i* 0 8on ! fifte5? day ( ! second mon? aft] _! dep>ture out ( ! l& ( ,egypt0 7,ex4 #af3a74 ,"o ( ^! t5ts1 ) its poles1 pegs1 etc41 w\ld be a load = a s+le ox1 s t !y w\ld h ne$$ #j4jjj ox5 to c>ry ! t5ts4 ,b ox5 are n usually tra9$ to c>ry goods on _! backs1 & w n d s )\t tra9+4 ,!n x is writt53 8,^! be ! words :i* ,moses spake unto all ,israel0 7,deut4 #a3 #a74 8,& ,moses call$ all ,israel & said unto !m0 7,deut4 #e3a74 8,!re 0 n a ^w ( all t ,moses comm&$1 :i* ,jo%ua read n be=e all ! congregation ( ,israel1 ) ! wom51 & ! little ones1 & ! /rang]s t 7 conv]sant among !m0 7,jo%4 #h3 #ce74 ,h[ 0 x possible to d ?is be=e at lea/ #b1jjj1jjj p8 ,c\ld ,moses or ,jo%ua1 z actual eye-witnesses1 h express$ !mselves 9 su* extravagant language8 ,surely n4 ,! camp ( ! ,israelites mu/ h be5 at lea/ a mile & a half 9 diamet]4 ,?is w\ld be all[+ to ea* p]son on ! av]age a space ?ree times ! size ( a c(f9 = a full-gr[n man4 ,! a%es1 (fal1 & refuse ( ! sacrifices w\ld !re=e h to be c>ri$ by ! prie/ 9 p]son a di/ance ( ?ree-qu>t]s ( a mile 8)\t ! camp1 unto a clean place0 7,lev4 #d3aa1 #ab47 ,!re 7 only ?ree prie/s--namely1 ,a>on1 ,eleaz>1 & ,i?am>--to d all ?is "w = #b1jjj1jjj p4 ,all ! wood & wat] w\ld h to be br\ght into ?is imm5se camp f ! outside4 ,:]e c\ld ! supplies h be5 got :ile ! camp 0 "u ,s9ai1 9 a des]t1 = ne>ly twelve mon?s toge!r8 ,h[ c\ld s great a camp h be5 kept clean8 ,b h[ huge does ! difficulty become if we take ! m reasonable dim5sions ( twelve miles squ>e = ?is camp2 t is1 ab\t ! size ( ,london6 ,imag9e at lea/ half a million ( m5 hav+ to g out daily a di/ance ( six miles & back to ! suburbs = ! common necessities ( nature1 z ! law direct$4 ,! ,israelites und\bt$ly _h flocks & h]ds ( cattle 7,ex4 #cd3 #c74 ,!y soj\rn$ ne>ly a ye> be=e ,s9ai1 :]e !re 0 no food = cattle2 & ! wild]ness 9 :i* !y soj\rn$ ne>ly =ty ye>s is n[ & 0 !n a des]t 7,deut4 #cb3 #aj2 #h3 #ae74 ,! cattle surely did n subsi/ on manna6 ,among o!r prodigies ( valor1 #ab1jjj ,israelites are record$ 9 ,num4 #ca z slay+ all ! male ,midianites1 tak+ captive all ! females & *ildr51 siez+ all _! cattle & flocks1 numb]+ #hjh1jjj head1 tak+ all _! goods & burn+ all _! cities1 )\t ! loss ( a s+le man4 ,!n !y kill$ all ! wom5 & *ildr5 except #cb1jjj virg9s1 :om !y kept = !mselves4 ,!re w\ld seem to h be5 at lea/ #hj1jjj females 9 ! aggregate1 ( :om #dh1jjj 7 kill$1 besides 7say7 #bj1jjj boys4 ,! numb] ( m5 slaught]$ mu/ h be5 ab\t #dh1jjj4 ,ea* ,israelite !re=e mu/ h kill$ #d m5 9 battle1 c>ri$ (f #h captive wom5 & *ildr51 & driv5 home #fg head ( cattle4 ,& !n aft] rea*+ home1 z a pa/ime1 by comm& ( ,moses1 he _h to murd] #f ( 8 captive wom5 & *ildr5 9 cold blood4 ,n[1 ,i respectfully submit t1 judg+ f ! acc\nt ( ! ,exodus ( ! ,jews1 :i* !y h writt5 !mselves1 we _c cr$it x4 ,! n>rative is full ( contradictions1 & is s absurd & incr$ible1 & ev5 impossible1 t we mu/ reg>d x z a huge my?4 ,!re may h be5 an ,exodus f ,egypt1 ( :i* ?is acc\nt is an exagg]ation1 b x be>s s _m evid5ces ( ! fabul\s t we ca/ x aside & are l$ to d\bt :e!r ! ,jews 7 ev] 9 ,egypt except z tramps & vagabonds1 & to suspect t ! :ole /ory is an adapt$ hi/ory ( "s great exodus ( "s anci5t tribes writt5 = a purpose4 ,i ?9k x has be5 %[n t ! ,jews 7 n ! p t !y h be5 suppos$ to be4 ,!y are a mod]n p 9 ! _w's hi/ory1 ant$at$ by _m highly-civiliz$ & p[]ful nations4 ,!y are n desc5dants ( ,abram1 z w be %[n m fully h]eaft]1 & _! population nev] rea*$ ! fabul\s numb]s t are giv5 9 :at is call$ _! sacr$ hi/ory4 ,inde$1 !re is s mu* ( ! fabul\s ab\t !m1 s mu* ( false pret5ce t ^u ! v face is impossible & incr$ible1 t ! wond] is t ,*ri/ians %\ld ev] h s]i\sly ?\ght ( reg>d+ !m & _! in/itutions z ! s\rce & sub/ance ( :at ,*ri/ianity is4 ,we h no prejudice aga9/ ! ,jews4 ,we ca/ no reflection ^u ! s-call$ ,hebrews ( ! pres5t day4 ,!y are n responsible = _! ance/ors1 any m ?an ,glad/one1 ,huxley1 ,tyndall1 ,sp5c]1 & o!r bra9y ,engli%m5 are responsible = ! savag]y & b>b>ism ( _! =efa!rs4 ,x has be5 our object 9 ?is *apt] to %[ ! ,mun*aus5i% "* ( ,jewi% hi/ory1 ^u :i* ! :ole sup]/ructure ( mod]n !ology re/s4 ,if anybody is pr\d ( 8 desc5t f su* a p1 he is welcome to ! glory4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,moses ,,& ,,! ,,p5tateu* 8,b ev5 unto ?is day1 :5 ,moses is read1 ! veil is ^u _! he>t40--#b ,cor4 #c3ae4 ,,! fir/ five books ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 suppos$ by _m to h be5 writt5 by ,moses1 are call$ ! ,p5tateu*4 ,9 ! e>ly *apt]s ( ,g5esis1 9 ! 8,au?oriz$ ,v]sion10 !re is plac$ at ! head ( ! page 9 ! m>g91 8a4 m4 #a10 :i* mean ,anno ,mundi--! ye> ( ! _w--"o1 & imm$iately bel[ x are ! lett]s 8b4 c40--:i* mean ,be=e ,*ri/--8#djjd40 ,?is is ! sy/em ( *ronology e/abli%$ by ,ar*bi%op ,us%]1 & means t #djjd ye>s be=e ,*ri/ ! _w 0 "o ye> old4 ,x is claim$ t ,moses promulgat$ ! law ab\t #adea b4 c41 & ?is mu/ h be5 ab\t two ?\s& five hundr$ & fifty-?ree ye>s aft] ! ,creation1 :i* add$ to #ahij1 ! pres5t date1 w\ld make ! _w j five ?\s& eight hundr$ & n9ety-f\r ye>s old4 ,lyell1 a mo/ judici\s geologi/ e/imat$ ! delta ( ! ,mississippi at "o hundr$ ?\s& ye>s1 & "s p]sons ?9k ^! figures %\ld h be5 d\bl$4 ,pr(essor ,john ,fiske ?9ks ! glacial p]iod began two hundr$ & =ty ?\s& ye>s ago1 & t human be+s inhabit$ ,europe at lea/ "o hundr$ & sixty ?\s& ye>s e>li]1 ?us giv+ an antiquity to our race ( n less ?an f\r hundr$ ?\s& ye>s4 ,o!r sci5ti/s talk ( hundr$s ( ?\s&s1 & ev5 millions1 ( ye>s1 b we atta* no importance to specific figures4 ,we simply insi/ ^u an antiquity :i* v f> exce$s six ?\s& ye>s4 ,le>n$ ,egyptologi/s place ,rameses ,,ii41 ! ,ph>aoh ( ! ,jewi% captivity1 ^: mummy is n[ to be se5 9 ! museum at ,cairo1 at #acij ye>s b4 c4 ,x seems /range t 8 mummy %\ld be on exhibition 9 a museum :5 8he & all 8 ho/s 7 swall[$ up 9 ! ,r$ ,sea40 ,if we are told t ,rameses ,,ii4 0 succe$$ by ,se?i ,,ii41 we f9d f ,egyptian records t bo? ( ^! k+s liv$ to a good old age1 & ! mummy ( ea* has be5 pres]v$1 & n ev5 a h9t is giv5 t ei!r ( !m 0 dr[n$4 ,b we h1 accord+ to ! tables ( ,abydos & ,buns51 :i* are g5]ally accept$1 ?ree ?\s& six hundr$ & tw5ty ye>s be=e ,*ri/ z ! "t 9 :i* ,m5es1 ! fir/ mon>* ( ,egypt1 reign$1 mak+ two ?\s& two hundr$ & ?irty ye>s z ! p]iod ( ! ,egyptian mon>*y be=e ! reign ( ,rameses ,,ii4 ,b ,i cont5d t ,egyptian civilization ext5ds back at lea/ sev5 ?\s& ye>s1 & ,miss ,amelia ,b4 ,edw>ds1 ! ,egyptologi/1 :o has rec5tly lectur$ 9 our ,p5nsylvania ,univ]sity c\rse1 ?9ks t5 ?\s& ye>s n too high an e/imate4 ,9 support ( ibis hypo!sis1 ! great antiquity ( man1 :i* no s*ol> n[ disputes1 c>ries u back _m ?\s&s ( ye>s beyond ,m5es1 & !re are _m facts :i* favor ! assumption t ! valley ( ! ,nile 0 "o ( ! places inhabit$ = an indef9ite p]iod4 ,! works ( art--monum5ts1 ar*itecture1 pa9t+s1 etc4--%[ an antiquity t _c be e/imat$4 ,mane?o1 an ,egyptian prie/1 :o wrote a hi/ory ( ,egypt1 by reque/ ( ,ptolemy ,,ii41 two hundr$ & eighty-six ye>s be=e ,*ri/1 c>ries u back m ?an sev5 ?\s& ye>s4 ,! ,p5tateu* is a compilation by sev]al au?ors1 & h5ce its pat*work "*4 ,pr(essors ,ewald & ,ku55 & o!rs h prov$ ?is1 & ,dean ,/anley1 ( ! ,engli% ,e/abli%m5t1 has admitt$ x4 ,"s portions may h be5 compil$ eight hundr$ or n9e hundr$ ye>s be=e ,*ri/1 b n ! two contradictory acc\nts ( ! creation & fall ( man4 ,! ,assyrian cunei=m tablets1 :i* 7 discov]$ 9 #ahgc & #ahgd a4 d41 & :i* are n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 %[ t ?is anci5t p _h ?is /ory ab\t two ?\s& ye>s be=e ! "t ( ,moses4 ,! ,jews le>n$ x 9 ,babylon1 & none ( ! o!r ,old-,te/am5t writ+s conta9 any notice ( x1 because x 0 n kn[n until aft] ! return ( ! ,jews f _! captivity 9 ,babylon1 five hundr$ & eighte5 ye>s be=e ,*ri/4 ,is x n reasonable to suppose t ! v>i\s ,old-,te/am5t writ]s w\ld h made "s ref]5ce to ! ,p5tateu* _h !y kn[n ( its exi/5ce8 ,pr(essor ,franois ,l5ormant ( ! ,national ,libr>y ( ,france1 a mo/ le>n$ ar*aeologi/ & palaeontologi/1 & a mo/ dev\t ,*ri/ian1 9 8 ,beg9n+s ( ,hi/ory admits t ! ,jews borr[$ sub/antially ! /ory ( ! creation & ! fall f m anci5t nations1 & furni%es ! orig9al copies4 ,! leg5ds record$ 9 ,g5esis are f\nd among _m anci5t peoples :o liv$ _m c5turies be=e ,moses2 & ,b]osus1 a prie/ ( ! temple ( ,belus1 :o wrote two hundr$ & sev5ty-six ye>s be=e ,*ri/1 affirms t fragm5ts ( ,*aldean hi/ory c be trac$ back #ae ,sadi or #aej1jjj ye>s4 ,i h m5tion$ ^! ?+s because !y are g]mane to :at is to foll[4 ,!re is good reason = ?9k+ t ! book ( ,deut]onomy 0 writt5 ab\t six hundr$ & tw5ty-"o ye>s be=e ,*ri/1 & ! rema9+ books ( ! ,p5tateu* 7 ( lat] date1 com+ d[n to f\r hundr$ & fifty ye>s be=e ,*ri/4 ,?is ,pr(essor ,ku55 has demon/rat$ beyond controv]sy 9 8 ,religion ( ,israel1 to :i* ,i mu/ ref] = 8 argum5ts 9 detail4 ,! be/ s*ol>%ip ( ! _w does n believe t :at is call$ ! ,law ( ,moses 0 writt5 prior to ! fif? or six? c5tury be=e ,*ri/1 & le>n$ m5 9 ,holl&1 ,g]many1 & ,engl&1 z well z ! mo/ advanc$ ?9k]s 9 ,am]ica1 n[ accept ?is op9ion4 ,pr(essor ,rob]tson ,smi?1 9 ! ,encyclopdia ,britannica1 adopts ?is view1 & ,dean ,/anley1 9 8 ,jewi% ,*ur*1 does n leave u 9 d\bt z to 8 op9ion4 ,take ! foll[+ z an example ( :at ,i mean 7,g54 #ab3f73 8,& ! ,canaanite 0 !n 9 ! l&20 :]eas ! expulsion ( ! ,canaanites did n occur until sev]al c5turies aft] ! dea? ( ,moses1 :5 ?is mu/ h be5 writt54 ,9 ,g54 7#cf3 #ca7 we read1 8,be=e !re reign$ any k+ ov] ,israel40 ,?is mu/ h be5 two hundr$ ye>s aft] ! dea? ( ,moses4 8,! nations t 7 be=e y0 7,lev4 #ac3 #h7 ( c\rse presupposes t ! ,canaanites _h already be5 subdu$4 8,n[ ! man ,moses 0 v meek1 above all ! m5 t 7 ^u ! face ( ! e>?0 7,num4 #ab3ac71 c\ld h>dly h be5 writt5 by ,moses himself4 ,! expression 8unto ?is day0 frequ5tly occurs1 & %[s t ! "t 0 long aft] ! ev5ts took place4 ,x is also impli$ 9 v>i\s places t ! writ] resid$ 9 ,pale/9e1 & s x c\ld n h be5 ,moses4 ,9 ,deut]onomy 7#ai3 #ad7 we read1 8,?\ %alt n remove ?y neighbor's l&m>k :i* !y ( old "t h set 9 ?9e inh]itance40 ,!y _h no l&m>k to remove1 unless ?is 0 writt5 conc]n+ ! l& ( ,canaan long aft] ! dea? ( ,moses4 ,!y are reproa*$ = n keep+ ! ,sabba? 9 ! pa/ = a long "t1 & ?is is giv5 z a reason = ! ,captivity2 & h5ce ,leviticus #bf3cd1 #ce1 #dc 0 writt5 aft] ! ,captivity1 :i* began 9 #eig b4 c4 ,9 ,g54 #ad3ad1 ,lot is tak5 prison] & rescu$ f 8 captors1 :om !y 8pursu$ unto ,dan40 ,n[1 !re 0 no su* place z ,dan until aft] ! entrance into ,canaan4 ,we read 9 ,judg4 #ah3bg1 #bi t ?is city 0 call$ ,lai%1 :i* 0 burn$ by ! ,israelites1 & !n !y built a city1 & !y call$ x 8,dan1 aft] ! "n ( _! fa!r3 h[beit ! "n ( ! city 0 ,lai% at fir/40 ,?is 8tr\t 9 ! milk0 is z /rik+ z if "s "o %\ld write ( ,*icago :5 ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce 0 sign$4 ,9 ,g54 #cf3ca we read1 8,& ^! are ! k+s t reign$ 9 ! l& ( ,edom be=e !re reign$ any k+ ov] ! *ildr5 ( ,israel40 ,?is passage %[s t x 0 writt5 aft] !re _h be5 k+s 9 ,israel1 & c\ld n h be5 writt5 by ,moses4 ,i c\ld %[ simil> incongruities conc]n+ ! manna 9 ,g54 #af3 #ce1 comp>$ ) ,jo%4 #e3 #ab4 ,s ,deut4 #bd3 #ad mu/ h be5 writt5 aft] ! entrance into ,canaan1 z until !n !y _h no l&s1 & !re 7 no gates & no 8/rang]s )9 _! gates40 ,! same might be said ( ! f\r? comm&m5t ( ! ,decalogue3 ! ,israelites _h no gates until aft] !y ent]$ ,canaan4 ,x c\ld n h be5 writt5 by ,moses 9 ! wild]ness ( ,arabia4 ,^! illu/rations might be produc$ indef9itely1 b en\gh h be5 giv5 to %[ t ! ,p5tateu* 0 writt5 sev]al hundr$ ye>s aft] ! dea? ( ,moses1 & t we are ju/ifiable 9 fix+ ! date = mo/ ( x 9 ! f\r?1 fif?1 or six? c5tury be=e ! ,*ri/ian era4 ,! ,p5tateu* ab\nds 9 duplicate traditions ( ! same transactions1 & also 9 div]sity & contradictions4 ,^! num]\s repetitions are fatal to ! supposition t x 0 writt5 by ,moses4 ,if ,moses 0 ! au?or ( ! ,p5tateu*1 we %\ld expect to f9d a good _m h9ts ( ?is 9 o!r p>ts ( ! ,bible2 :]eas we h no ref]5ce to ,s9ai & its awful ?und]s1 &1 al?\gh ,moses is m5tion$ 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 x only %[s ! exi/5ce ( traditions to t effect at t "t4 ,n until ! "t t ,*ri/ianity arose1 ab\t ?irte5 hundr$ ye>s aft] ! dea? ( ,moses1 did ! tradition obta9 curr5cy t he 0 ! au?or ( ! ,p5tateu*4 ,! fact is1 ! ,jews are a comp>atively mod]n p1 & 7 n kn[n z a nation until ! "t ( ,alex&] ! ,great 7#cef-cbe b4 c471 & ,h]odotus1 by nev] m5tion+ !m1 s indicates4 ,:ile ! ,h9doos1 ,egyptians1 ,grecians1 ,romans1 ,*aldeans1 & ,babylonians _h _! m5 ( sci5ce1 lit]ature1 & law1 ^: fame only bright5s ) ! flight ( "t1 ! ,jews h no hi/ory except :at 0 writt5 by !mselves1 & t is s absurd1 impossible1 & contradictory t nobody c believe x4 ,ev]ybody kn[s t ! anci5t ,jews 7 ! con/itutional imitators ( o!r peoples4 ,!y h always be5 ! second-h& clo!s-deal]s ( ! _w4 ,z a race !y nev] h be5 not$ = orig9ality1 b h always be5 ready to borr[ :at belong$ to o!r p1 & !n1 ) *>act]i/ic self-complac5cy1 h claim$ to be ! 8orig9al ,jacobs0 ( ev]y?+ good & great4 ,we int5d ?is z no reflection ^u ! ,jews ( ! pres5t day4 ,c4 ,/anil& ,wake1 an ,engli% writ]1 9 8 great "w on ! ,evolution ( ,morality1 vol4 ii41 page #ei1 ?us expresses 8 views3 8,judg+ f ?is fact1 _m p]sons imag9e--or at lea/1 f ! sup]/iti\s rev]5ce t !y h = ! ,decalogue1 appe> to d s--t until ! "t ( ! ,hebrew lawgiv] ! mo/ ord9>y rules ( morality 7 unkn[n4 ,! m]e fact ( ,egypt be+ ! />t+-po9t ( ! ,exodus ought to be suffici5t to disabuse ! m9d ( ?is idea1 )\t ref]5ce to ! cont5ts ( ! code itself4 ,b ! moral laws giv5 9 ! ,decalogue are ( s primitive a "* t x is absurd to suppose1 except on ! assumption t ! ,hebrews 7 at t p]iod 9 a condition ( pure savag]y1 t ,god w\ld p]sonally appe> to give 8 imm$iate sanction to !m4 ,! comm&s1 ,honor ?y fa!r & ?y "m1 ,?\ %alt n kill1 ,?\ %alt n commit adult]y1 ,?\ %alt n /eal1 ,?\ %alt n be> false witness aga9/ ?y neighbor1 ,?\ %alt n covet1 7 simply reit]ations ( laws to :i* ! ,hebrews _h be5 subject dur+ _! :ole soj\rn 9 ,egypt1 & :i* mu/1 9 fact1 h be5 famili> to !m be=e _! ance/ors left _! traditional ,*aldean home40 ,!n we mu/ be> 9 m9d t ,moses himself 0 an ,egyptian by bir?1 & t he 0 br\ght up at ! c\rt ( ,ph>aoh until he 0 =ty ye>s ( age1 & 9 ,acts #g3 #bb we are told t 8,moses 0 le>n$ 9 all ! wisdom ( ! ,egyptians1 & 0 mighty 9 words & 9 de$s40 ,! :ole matt] relat+ to ! ,p5tateu* is ?us summ$ up by ! late ,pr(4 ,john ,wm4 ,drap]1 ,m4 ,d41 ,,ll4,d41 late ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,new ,york1 9 8 ,conflict betwe5 ,religion & ,sci5ce3 8,no man may d>e to impute !m 7! books ( ! ,p5tateu*7 to ! inspiration ( ,almighty ,god1 _! inconsi/5cies1 incongruities1 & impossibilities1 z expos$ by _m le>n$ & pi\s mod]n s*ol>s1 bo? ,g]man & ,engli%1 are s great4 ,x is ! decision ( ^! critics t ,g5esis is a n>rative bas$ ^u leg5ds2 t ,exodus is n hi/orically true2 t ! :ole ,p5tateu* is unhi/oric & un-,mosaic3 x conta9s ! mo/ extraord9>y contradictions & impossibilities1 suffici5t to involve ! cr$ibility ( ! :ole--imp]fections s conspicu\s t !y w\ld de/roy ! au!nticity ( any mod]n hi/orical "w40444 8,to ! critical eye !y all pres5t peculi>ities :i* demon/rate t !y 7 writt5 on ! banks ( ! ,euphrates1 & n 9 ! des]t ( ,arabia4 ,!y conta9 _m ,*aldaisms40444 8,f su* ,assyrian s\rces ! leg5ds ( ! creation ( ! e>? & heav5s1 ! ,g>d5 ( ,ed51 ! mak+ ( man f clay & ! woman f "o ( 8 ribs1 ! temptation ( ! s]p5t1 etc41444 7 obta9$ by ,ezra40 8,i agree 9 ! op9ion ( ,hupfeld1 t ! discov]y t ! ,p5tateu* is put toge!r out ( ! v>i\s s\rces ( orig9al docum5ts is beyond all d\bt1 is n only "o ( ! mo/ important & mo/ pregnant ) consequ5ces = ! int]pretation ( ! hi/orical books ( ! ,old ,te/am5t--or r = ! :ole ( !ology & hi/ory--b x is also "o ( ! mo/ c]ta9 discov]ies :i* h be5 made 9 ! doma9 ( criticism & ! hi/ory ( lit]ature40 ,b n only d ! laws ( ,egypt ant$ate ! laws accr$it$ to ,moses1 b ! ,h9doos _h laws :i* 7 yet m anci5t4 ,! writ+s ( ,buddha1 :o di$ 9 #dgg b4 c41 ref] to old] books & quote f !m1 & ^! aga9 ref] to /ill old] books1 until we rea* laws :i* exi/$ _m ?\s&s ( ye>s be=e ! ,law ( ,moses1 z ! laws ( ,manu 7 drawn f ! 8immemorial cu/oms0 ( ! nation & con/itute a k9d ( common law4 8,! mo/ accurate s*ol>s po9t to ,india z ! orig9 ( ,egyptian civilization10 says ,le ,r5\f1 ! le>n$ ,egyptologi/4 ,if ,egyptian lit]ature 0 d]iv$ 9 a remote p]iod f ,india1 :at mu/ be ! date ( old ,india's laws z comp>$ ) ! laws ( ! ,hebrews8 ,x is no wond] t ,max ,mll]1 pr(essor 9 ! or?odox ,univ]sity ( ,ox=d1 says 79 ,*ips1 vol4 i41 p4 #aa73 8,aft] c>efully exam9+ e possible objection t c be made aga9/ ! date ( ! ,v$ic hymns1 _! claim to t high antiquity :i* is ascrib$ to !m has n1 z f> z ,i c judge1 be5 %ak540 ,! same le>n$ ,sanskrit s*ol> says1 8,! op9ion t ! pagan religions 7 m]e corruptions ( ! religion ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 once support$ by m5 ( high au?ority & great le>n+1 is n[ z completely surr5d]$ z ! attempt at expla9+ ,greek & ,lat9 z corruptions ( ,hebrew0 7,sci5ce ( ,religion1 p4 #bd74 ,?is great ,sanskrit s*ol> admits 9 _m places 9 8 volum9\s writ+s ! great] antiquity ( ! pagan scriptures1 & gives _m weighty reasons to %[ h[ impossible & absurd x is to suppose t !y h be5 *ang$ & int]polat$ to adapt !m to m mod]n times4 ,! ,v$as1 ! sacr$ writ+s ( ! ,h9doos1 accord+ to ,sir ,william ,jones ! ,ori5tali/1 8_c be d5i$ to h an antiquity ! mo/ di/ant40 ,accord+ to ! ,brahmans1 !y are coeval ) ! creation1 & ! ,sama-,v$a says1 8,!y 7 =m$ ( ! s\l ( ,him :o exi/s by1 or (1 himself40 ,! ,h9doo laws 7 codifi$ by ,manu & copi$ by all antiquity1 notably by ,rome 9 ! compilation or dige/ ( ! laws ( all nations call$ ! ,code ( ,ju/9ian1 :i* has be5 adopt$ z ! f\ndation ( all mod]n legislation4 ,i c\ld1 did "t p]mit1 furni% ! laws ( ,manu1 ! ,ju/9ian ,code1 & ! ,civil ,code ( ,napoleon 9 p>allel columns1 9 a way to %[ _! common orig9 beyond a d\bt4 ,laws ( betro?al & m>riage1 pat]nal au?ority1 tutelage1 & adoption2 prop]ty1 contract1 deposit1 loan1 sale1 p>tn]%ip1 donation1 & te/am5t>y beque/1--all 7 elaborately promulgat$ by ! ,code ( ,manu 9 #bfhj slocas4 ,laws 7 arrang$ "u eighte5 pr9cipal heads1 conc]n+ z _m diff]5t causes = :i* laws are enact$3 ,debts1 deposits & loans = use1 sale )\t own]%ip1 gifts1 non-paym5t ( wages1 agreem5ts1 sale & pur*ase1 disputes1 b\nd>ies1 assaults1 sl&]1 robb]y & viol5ce1 adult]y1 alt]cation betwe5 man & wife1 inh]itance1 & gam+4 8,! c\rt ( ,brahma ) f\r faces0 is :]e f\r le>n$ ,brahmans sat 9 judgm5t1 "o ( :om 0 ! k+'s *ief c\nsellor4 ,"o ( _! trite say+s 01 8,:5 ju/ice1 hav+ be5 w\nd$ by iniquity1 approa*es ! c\rt1 & ! judges extract n ! arr[ or d>t1 !y also %all be w\nd$ by x40 ,! mode ( conduct+ lawsuits 01 9 a great degree1 simil> to t us$ 9 all civiliz$ c\ntries ( ! pres5t day4 ,! oa? tak5 by witnesses 0 z foll[s3 8,:at ye "k to h be5 transact$ 9 ! matt] be=e u1 betwe5 ! p>ties reciprocally1 decl>e at l>ge & ) tru?1 = y\r evid5ce 9 ! cause is requir$40 8,! witness :o speaks falsely %all be fa/ b\nd "u wat] 9 ! snaky cords ( ,v>una1 & be :olly depriv$ ( p[] to escape torm5t dur+ a hundr$ transmigrations40 ,brahmans 7 bani%$ = giv+ false evid5ce1 b all o!rs 7 puni%$ by bl[s on ! abdom51 ! tongue1 feet1 eyes1 nose1 & e>s1 & 9 capital cases bl[s 7 inflict$ ^u ! :ole body4 ,"s ( ! moral say+s ( ! ,h9doos run ?us3 8,he :o be/[s gifts = worldly fame1 :ile he suff]s 8 family to live 9 di/ress1 t\*es 8 lips ) honey1 b swall[s poison4 ,su* virtue is c\nt]feit4 ,ev5 :at he does = 8 spiritual body1 to ! injury ( ^? he is b\nd to ma9ta91 %all br+ him ultimate mis]y1 bo? 9 ?is _w & ! next4 8,cont5t1 return+ good = evil1 resi/ance to s5sual appetite1 ab/95ce f illicit ga9s1 k ( ! ,v$as1 k ( ! ,supreme ,_s1 v]acity1 & fre$om f wra?1 =m ! t5fold sy/em ( duties4 8,honor ?y fa!r & ?y "m4 ,=get n ! favors ?\ ha/ receiv$4 ,le>n :il/ ?\ art "y4 ,seek ! society ( ! good4 ,live 9 h>mony ) o!rs4 ,rema9 9 ?9e own place4 8,speak ill ( none4 ,ridicule n bodily infirmities4 ,pursue n a vanqui%$ foe4 ,deceive ev5 n ?y enemies4 ,=giv5ess is sweet] ?an rev5ge4 ,! sweete/ bread is t e>n$ by labor4 ,k is ri*es4 8,:at "o le>ns 9 8 y\? is z la/+ z grav5 on /one4 ,! wise is he :o kn[s himself4 ,speak k9dly to ! poor4 ,discord & gam+ lead to mis]y4 ,he misconceives 8 int]e/ :o violates 8 promise4 8,!re is no tranquil sleep )\t a good consci5ce1 nor any virtue )\t religion4 ,to honor ?y "m is ! mo/ acceptable wor%ip4 ,( wom5 ! faire/ ornam5t is mode/y40 ,! foll[+1 f ! laws ( ,manu 7lib4 iii4 ,sloca #ee71 w contra/ /rangely ) ! law ( ,moses reg>d+ ! treatm5t ( wom5 & ! e/eem 9 :i* !y %\ld be held3 8,wom5 %\ld be nurtur$ ) e t5d]ness & att5tion by _! fa!rs1 _! bro!rs1 _! husb&s1 & _! bro!rs-9-law1 if !y desire great prosp]ity40 8,:]e wom5 live 9 affliction ! family soon becomes ext9ct2 b :5 !y are lov$ & respect$1 & *]i%$ ) t5d]ness1 ! family gr[s & prosp]s 9 all circum/ances40 8,:5 wom5 are honor$ ! div9ities are cont5t2 b :5 we honor !m n all acts ( piety are /]ile40 8,! h\seholds curs$ by ! wom5 to :om !y h n r5d]$ due homage f9d ru9 weigh !m d[n & de/roy !m z if smitt5 by "s secret p[]40 8,9 ! family :]e ! husb& is cont5t ) 8 wife1 & ! wife ) h] husb&1 happ9ess is assur$ = ev]40 ,t !re 7 _m trivial ?+s 9 ! anci5t pagan laws1 & _m practices prevail$ among a portion ( ! p :i* seem idolatr\s1 we freely admit2 b ! same is true ( _m ( ! ,hebrew laws1 :i* are too obsc5e = quotation "h4 ,we also f9d among ! ,hebrews all =ms ( nature-wor%ip1 su* z sun-wor%ip1 tree-wor%ip1 fire-wor%ip1 s]-p5t-wor%ip1 & phallic-wor%ip4 ,( ?is m lat] on4 ,besides ! ,h9doos & ! ,egyptians1 !re 7 _m nations m anci5t ?an ! ,hebrews4 ,! ,grecian ,argos 0 f\nd$ #ahjg b4 c4 ,a!ns & ,sp>ta exi/$ #aeej b4 c4 ,!n !re 7 ! ,phnicians1 a m>itime p :o fl\ri%$ m ?an five ?\s& ye>s ago1 ^: monum5ts & inscriptions are f\nd 9 ,pale/9e to-day1 :ile ! ,hebrews h left u nei!r monum5t nor inscription4 ,! ,*aldeans e/abli%$ a mon>*y f\r ?\s& or five ?\s& ye>s ago1 & ?ree ?\s& five hundr$ or f\r ?\s& ye>s back ! ,assyrians became ma/]s ( ! valley ( ! ,euphrates & ! ,tigris1 & f ^! p ! ,jews got all !y ev] knew ab\t ?+s subsequ5tly record$ 9 ! ,p5tateu*4 ,! ,jewi% & ,*ri/ian religions 7= !y are claim$ to be "o7 are next to be+ ! y\nge/1 or mo/ mod]n1 ( any ( ! great religions ( ! _w1 ! ,mohamm$an be+ ! la/4 ,ea* claim$ div9e au?ority2 all _h _! lawgiv]s1 prie/s1 & prophets1 :o wrote1 z !y claim$1 _! bibles by div9e inspiration4 ,! error ( ,judaism is 9 claim+ ! greate/ antiquity1 z well z claim+ to be ! only religion hav+ ! div9e sanction4 ,i _c refra9 f m5tion+ "s ?+s :i* _c be reg>d$ z :olly irrelevant4 ,moses _h a v rem>kable exp]i5ce 9 8 infancy4 ,at 8 bir? he 0 plac$ 9 an ark & set afloat on ! ,nile1 & 0 rescu$ by ,ph>aoh's daught]1 :o call$ a nurse = him :o prov$ to be 8 "m4 ,we h _m c\nt]p>ts ( ?is 9 ,grecian & ,egyptian my?ology4 ,p]seus 0 %ut up 9 a *e/ & ca/ into ! sea by ! k+ ( ,argos1 & 0 f\nd by ,dictys1 :o educat$ him4 ,bac*us 0 conf9$ 9 a *e/ by ord] ( ! k+ ( ,!bes1 & 0 ca/ ^u ! ,nile4 ,he _h two mo!rs--natural & adopt$4 ,osiris1 ! ,egyptian div9ity1 0 conf9$ 9 a c(f] & ?r[n into ! riv]4 ,he float$ to ,phnicia4 ,8 "m w&]$ 9 sil5ce & grief to ,byblos1 & 0 select$ by ! k+'s s]vants & tak5 to ! palace1 & 0 made ! nurse ( ! "y pr9ce4 ,we c\ld give sev]al o!r p>allel cases1 b we pause & wond] :e!r ! report$ exp]i5ce ( ,moses 0 n ano!r v]sion ( ! same my?4 ,we next f9d ?is 8greate/ ( /atesm5 & lawgiv]s0 a fugitive f ju/ice 7,ex4 #b3 #aa-ae74 ,he _h kill$ a man & buri$ him 9 ! s&1 & :5 he le>n$ t ! murd] 0 kn[n by ! ,hebrews1 & ,ph>aoh s\ght to slay him1 he fl$ to ! l& ( ,midian & t5d$ ! flocks ( ,je?ro1 a prie/1 until he 0 eighty ye>s old4 ,he knew !n t x 0 wrong to kill j z well z he did aft] receiv+ ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts2 = he 8look$ ?is way & t0 to f9d out :e!r any "o saw him1 & 8he fe>$1 & said1 ,surely ?is is kn[n40 ,he %[$ a s5se ( guilt4 ,he always seem$ afraid ( ,ph>aoh on acc\nt ( ?is murd]4 ,he 0 next commission$ to deliv] 8 bre?r5 f _! bondage 9 ,egypt1 & 0 in/ruct$ to say t 8,i ,am t ,i ,am0 _h s5t him 7,ex4 #c3 #ad74 ,n[1 x seems to me v /range t ,nuk-,pa-,nuk 0 ! ,egyptian "n = ,god1 & means1 8,i ,am t ,i ,am60 7,bonwick1 ,egyptian ,belief1 p4 #cie74 ,?is "n 0 f\nd ^u an ,egyptian temple1 accord+ to ,higg9s 7,anacalypsis1 vol4 ii4 p4 #ag71 :o says1 8,i ,am 0 a div9e "n und]/ood by all ! initiat$ among ! ,egyptians20 & ,buns5 affirms1 9 8 ,keys ( ,/4 ,pet]1 t ! 8,i ,am ( ! ,hebrews 0 ! same z ! ,i ,am ( ! ,egyptians40 ,!re is ano!r peculi>ity ab\t ,moses t seems /range to me4 ,9 8 /atue 9 ,fairm\nt ,p>k he is repres5t$ z hav+ horns1 & he is s portray$ 9 ! /atue by ,mi*ael ,angelo4 ,n[ ! sun-god ,bac*us _h horns1 & s _h ,zeus1 ! ,grecian supreme deity4 ,bac*us 0 call$ 8! ,lawgiv]10 & x is said t 8 laws 7 writt5 ^u two tables ( /one4 ,x is also said t he & 8 army enjoy$ ! light ( ! sun 7pill> ( fire7 dur+ ! night-"t1 & he1 l ,moses1 _h a rod ) :i* div]s miracles 7 wr\ght4 ,! ,p]sian leg5d relates t ,zoroa/] receiv$ f ,ormuzd ! ,book ( ! ,law ^u a high m\nta94 ,m9os receiv$ on ,m\nt ,dicta1 f ,zeus1 ! supreme god1 ! law4 ,!re are _m su* cases4 ,ev5 ,mohamm$1 x is said1 s receiv$ ! ,koran4 ,!n ! cross+ ( ! ,r$ ,sea by ,moses & 8 ?ree millions ( abscond+ slaves 8dry-%od10 & ! 8rock 9 ! wild]ness giv+ =? wat] :5 /ruck by ! rod ( ,moses10 bo? h sev]al p>allels4 ,orpheus1 ! e>lie/ poet ( ,greece1 relates h[ ,bac*us _h cross$ ! ,r$ ,sea dry-%od at ! head ( 8 army1 & h[ he 8divid$ ! wat]s0 ( ! riv]s ,orontes & ,hydaspis & pass$ ?r\gh !m 8dry-%od10 & h[ he drew wat] f ! rock ) 8 wond]ful rod4 ,pr(essor ,/e9?al notes ! fact 8t almo/ all ! acts ( ,moses correspond to ^? ( ! sun-gods40 ,x may seem /range t ! ,hebrews 7 acqua9t$ ) ,grecian my?ology1 yet we "k ?is 0 ! fact4 ,rev4 ,dr4 ,isaac ,m4 ,wise says1 8,! ,hebrews adopt$ =ms1 t]ms1 ideas1 & my?s ( all nations ) :om !y came 9 contact1 &1 l ! ,greeks1 9 _! way ca/ !m all 9 a peculi> ,jewi% religi\s m\ld40 ,moreov]1 !re are /range inconsi/5cies & contradictions connect$ ) ! alleg$ giv+ ( ! ,law to ,moses4 ,9 bo? ,exodus & ,deut]onomy ,god is repres5t$ z speak+ ! words1 & 9 ,deut4 #e3bb x is said ,god 8wrote !m on two tables ( /one0 aft] speak+ !m1 & 9 ,ex4 #bd3 #bh ,moses is repres5t$ z do+ ! writ+3 8,& he wrote ^u ! tables ! words ( ! cov5ant1 ! t5 comm&m5ts40 ,we "h f9d a hundr$ comm&m5ts1 m or less1 ( a c]emonial "*1 & only "o ( ! orig9al t51 ! "o relat+ to ! ,sabba?1 & we "h f9d 8e>+-"t & h>ve/0 made a season ( re/ j z mu* z ! ,sabba?4 ,!n !re are diff]5t reasons giv5 = ! obs]vance ( ! ,sabba? 9 ,ex4 #bj & ,deut4 #e--! "o t ,god 8re/$ on ! sev5? day0 aft] creat+ all ?+s 9 six days 7( c\rse ?is 0 9 six days ( tw5ty-f\r h\rs ea*1 else !re 0 no p]t95cy 9 ! reason72 & ! o!r1 t x 0 9 commemoration ( ! deliv]ance ( ! ,hebrews f ! bondage 9 ,egypt4 ,x has be5 claim$ t at lea/ ! ,sabba? is an in/itution fir/ e/abli%$ 9 ! ,decalogue ( ,exodus1 & yet ev5 ?is mu/ be d5i$4 ,evid5ces ( ! obs]vance ( ! sev5? day z sacr$ are f\nd 9 ! cal5d>s ( ! anci5t ,egyptians & ,assyrians1 & ! ,records ( ! ,pa/ ass]t t ,sabba? obs]vance 0 9 exi/5ce at lea/ elev5 hundr$ ye>s be=e ,moses or ,exodus among ! ,accadians1 ,*aldeans1 & ,assyrians4 ,!re are also great v>iances 9 ! language ( ! two acc\nts 9 ,exodus & ,deut]onomy1 :i* c\ld n h exi/$ if copi$ f :at ,god _h writt5 9 /one4 ,! second table ( /one 0 an exact copy ( ! fir/ 7,deut4 #aj3b74 ,:5 ,moses got excit$ at ,a>on's gold5 calf & broke ! two tables ( /one conta9+ ! ,law1 & ,god 0 go+ to de/roy ! p1 ,moses dissuad$ him f do+ s by tell+ him :at ! ,egyptians w\ld !n say ab\t him6 7,num4 #ad2 #ac-af47 ,x is wor?y ( note t ! fir/ comm&m5t is ( d\btful mono!ism3 ,?\ %alt h no 8o!r gods be=e me10 imply+ t !re 7 o!r gods4 ,!n !re is some?+ n pleasant 9 ! idea ( a 8jeal\s ,god10 z us$ 9 ?is comm&m5t & frequ5tly 9 o!r places4 ,contra/ ?is ) ! ,h9doo ,geeta1 :]e ,god is repres5t$ z say+1 8,!y :o s]ve ev5 o!r gods1 ) a firm belief 9 do+ s1 involunt>ily wor%ip ,me4 ,i am ,he :o p>take? ( all wor%ip1 & ,i am _! rew>d40 ,god is def9$ 9 ! ,h9doo ,v$as z1 8,he :o exi/s by himself1 & :o is 9 all because all is 9 him2 :om ! _s c alone p]ceive2 :o is imp]ceptible to ! organs ( s5se2 :o is )\t visible p>ts1 ,et]nal1 ! ,s\l ( all be+1 & :om none c compreh5d40 8,god is "o1 immutable1 )\t =m or p>ts1 inf9ite1 omnipres5t1 & omnipot5t40 ,no ne$ to prohibit ! mak+ ( a 8grav5 image0 to repres5t su* a god4 ,n[ take ,moses' description ( ,god4 ,he only saw 8 8back p>ts0 7,ex4 #cc3 #bb1 #bc71 & ,god held 8 h& ov] him :5 9 ! cleft ( ! rocks :ile he pass$ by1 t he might n see 8 glory4 ,&1 :ile x is said1 8,?\ can/ n see my face2 = !re %all no man see me & live0 7,ex4 #cc3 #bj71 yet 8! ,"l spake unto ,moses face to face1 z a man speake? unto 8 fri5d0 7,ex4 #cc3aa74 ,he 0 ) him 9 ! m\nta9 =ty days & nights1 & saw him & talk$ to him1 & s did at lea/ sev5ty-?ree o!r p]sons 7,ex4 #bd3 #i74 ,yet we are told 9 ,john #a3ah1 8,no man ha? se5 ,god at any "t40 ,!n !re are _m o!r 8comm&m5ts0 9 ! ,bible :i* _c be reconcil$ ) ! 8,t5 ,comm&m5ts10 & v _m acts reg>d$ z crim9al 9 ?is n9ete5? c5tury :i* are n =bidd51 b indirectly or tacitly sanction$4 ,"o ( ! 8,t5 ,comm&m5ts0 is1 8,?\ %alt n kill10 b husb&s are direct$ to kill _! wives if !y propose to !m a *ange ( religion1 & kill+ is comm&$ 9 num]\s in/ances & = trivial (f5ces1 su* z pick+ up /icks to make a fire on ! ,sabba?4 ,take ! foll[+ z specim5s ( ! cruelty ( ,moses3 8,b ( ! cities ( ^! p1 :i* ! ,"l ?y ,god do? give !e = an inh]itance1 ?\ %alt save no?+ alive t brea!?0 7,deut4 #bj3af74 ,"h is ano!r ( 8 injunctions3 8,?us sai? ! ,"l ,god ( ,israel1 ,put e man 8 sword by 8 side1 & g 9 & out f gate to gate ?r\gh\t ! camp1 & slay e man 8 bro!r1 & e man 8 companion1 & e man 8 neighbor0 7,ex4 #cb3bg74 ,"h is ano!r3 8,?us sai? ! ,"l ( ho/s1 ,i rememb] t :i* ,amalek did to ,israel "s f\r hundr$ ye>s be=e1 h[ he laid wait = him10 etc4 8,n[ g & smite ,amalek1 & utt]ly de/roy all t !y h2 slay bo? man & woman1 infant & suckl+1 ox & %eep1 camel & ass0 7#a ,sam4 #ae3 #b1 #c74 ,?is 0 sweep+1 m]ciless rev5ge on ! innoc5t4 ,he comm&s ! ,jews to sw9dle ! ,egyptians by false pret5ce1 8spoil+0 !m ( _! jewelry 7,ex4 #c3ai-bb74 ,he au?oriz$ !m to take usury ( /rang]s1 b n ( "o ano!r2 & to sell ! 8fle% ( animals t _h di$ ( !mselves0 to /rang]s & ali5s1 b n to run ! risk ( poison+ !mselves 7,deut4 #ad3ba74 ,9 ! affair ) ! ,midianites ,moses 0 m cruel ?an ! (fic]s & common soldi]y4 ,he 0 8wro? ) !m0 because !y _h sav$ all ! wom5 alive1 & requir$ t !y %\ld g back & f9i% ! brutal but*]y4 ,i _c d ?is subject ju/ice )\t transcrib+ a l>ge portion ( ,num4 #ca3 8,& !y w>r$ aga9/ ! ,midianites1 z ! ,"l comm&$ ,moses2 & !y slew all ! males4 8,& !y slew ! k+s ( ,midian1 beside ! re/ ( !m t 7 sla92 namely1 ,evi1 & ,rekem1 & ,zur1 & ,hur1 & ,reba1 five k+s ( ,midian2 ,balaam also ! son ( ,beor !y slew ) ! sword4 8,& ! *ildr5 ( ,israel took all ! wom5 ( ,midian captives1 & _! little ones1 & took ! spoil ( all _! cattle1 & all _! flocks1 & all _! goods4 8,& !y burnt all _! cities :]e9 !y dwelt1 & all _! goodly ca/les1 ) fire4 8,& !y took all ! spoil1 & all ! prey1 bo? ( m5 & ( bea/s4 8,& !y br\ght ! captives1 & ! prey1 & ! spoil1 unto ,moses & ,eleaz> ! prie/1 & unto ! congregation ( ! *ildr5 ( ,israel1 unto ! camp at ! pla9s ( ,moab1 :i* are by ,jordan ne> ,j]i*o4 8,& ,moses1 & ,eleaz> ! prie/1 & all ! pr9ces ( ! congregation1 w5t =? to meet !m )\t ! camp4 8,& ,moses 0 wro? ) ! (fic]s ( ! ho/1 ) ! capta9s ov] ?\s&s1 & capta9s ov] hundr$s1 :i* came f ! battle4 8,& ,moses said unto !m1 ,h ye sav$ all ! wom5 alive8 8,behold1 ^! caus$ ! *ildr5 ( ,israel1 ?r\gh ! c\nsel ( ,balaam1 to commit trespass aga9/ ! ,"l 9 ! matt] ( ,peor1 & !re 0 a plague among ! congregation ( ! ,"l4 8,n[ !re=e kill e male among ! little ones1 & kill e woman t ha? kn[n man by ly+ ) him4 8,b all ! wom5 *ildr51 t h n kn[n a man by ly+ ) him1 keep alive = y\rselves40 ,:at %all we say :5 we rememb] t ,moses f\nd a refuge ) ! ,midianites = =ty ye>s :5 he 0 a fugitive f ju/ice = ! murd] ( ! ,egyptian1 & ! ,midianites 7 ! fir/ to %[ ! ,jews hospitality :5 !y escap$ f ! bondage ( ,egypt8 ,moreov]1 ,moses _h m>ri$ a woman ( ,midian1 & might h be5 suppos$ to h "s reg>d = h] k9swom54 ,x _c be claim$ t ,moses 0 compell$ by ! l[ condition ( ! p to treat ! ,midianites ?us1 = he 0 ! sole au?or ( ?is extreme but*]y ( wom5 & *ildr51 & 0 8wro?0 ) 8 (fic]s = n committ+ ! atrocity 9 ! fir/ place4 ,true1 he *>ges ! wom5 ) hav+ 8caus$ ! *ildr5 ( ,israel1 ?r\gh ! c\nsel ( ,balaam1 to commit trespass aga9/ ! ,"l 9 ! matt] ( ,peor b ?is c\ld n ju/ify ! but*]y ( "s =ty-eight ?\s& wom5 & tw5ty ?\s& boys1 besides ! old m54 ,& !n ! ?irty-two ?\s& virg9s _h a fate worse ?an dea?1 ?\gh call$ ! ',"l's tribute'10 & ! prie/s got _! full %>e ( ! spoil4 ,= ^? :o w\ld ju/ify su* cruelty & :olesale but*]y1 z !y w\ld ju/ify fam9e & pe/il5ce ! effect ( natural laws1 ,i c h no v great respect4 ,x has be5 said1 8,cruel z _m ( ! ,mosaic puni%m5ts und\bt$ly 71 x is well to rememb] t two hundr$ ye>s ago ! crim9al code ( ,engl& 0 almo/1 if n equally1 bloody4 ,if ,moses /on$ adult]esses to dea?1 x is n v long s9ce we put wit*es & ,quak]s to dea?1 :ile 9 _m o!r c\ntries ! /ake & ! fagot 7 ! *ief argum5ts 9 aid ( or?odoxy4 ,x w\ld n be j to judge ( ! puni%m5ts inflict$ ov] ?ree ?\s& ye>s ago f ! /&po9t ( ! pres5t c5tury1 :5 ! ,mosaic disp5sation has pass$ away & t ( ! law ( love sub/itut$4 ,!re 0 no m]cy 9 ! smok+ rocks ( ,s9ai4 ,!re 0 no?+ b ! law 9 all its /]nness40 ,?is is all v well1 b we %\ld rememb] t ! cruel crim9al codes ( mod]n times got _! cruelty f ! ,mosaic code4 8,?\ %alt n suff] a wit* to live0 7,ex4 #bb3 #ah7 0 "o ( ! laws ( ,moses1 & f fir/ to la/ ?irty ?\s& wit*es 7' execut$ 9 ,great ,brita9 & two hundr$ ?\s& 9 ,g]many4 ,sir ,mat!w ,hale pron\nc$ ! dea?-s5t5ce on a 8wit*10 & ,black/one1 ! great comm5tator1 ?\ght t wit*craft mu/ be real because ! ,bible said !re 7 wit*es6 ,scotl& cont9u$ to burn wit*es until #agbb1 & ,g]many until #aghj1 :ile 9 #aeae !re 7 five ?\s& wit*es burn$ at ,g5eva4 ,i am a%am$ to speak ( our own hang+ ( wit*es 9 ,massa*usetts1 b x is v well kn[n t x 0 done by au?ority ( ! law ( ,moses3 8,a man also or woman t ha? a famili> _s1 or t is a wiz>d1 %all surely be put to dea?3 !y %all /one !m ) /ones3 _! blood %all be ^u !m0 7,lev4 #bj3 #bg747a7 ,rev4 ,rabbi ,hirs* sums up 8 conclusions z ! result ( 8 /udy ( ! ,p5tateu*3 8,! non-au!nticity ( ! ,p5tateu* is %[n by ! "w itself4 ,x is indicat$ by--7#a7 ,! impossible occurr5ces 9 ! des]t2 7#b7 ,! v>i\s contradictions & repetitions1 z 9 ! descriptions ( ! fe/ivals2 ! provision ( ! (ficiators = ! sacrifices2 ! appropriations ( ! ti!s2 ! rules = sacrific+ ! fir/-born *ildr5 to ,deity--! law regulat+ ^! matt]s v>y+ 9 ,deut]onomy & ,numb]s2 7#c7 ,c]ta9 phrases us$1 z 8up to ! pres5t day10 :i* lose all significance if appli$ to ,moses4 ,?us ! book itself %[s n "o au?or1 b _m4 8,! non-au!nticity ( ! ,p5tateu* is %[n also by lack ( ref]5ce to x 9 ! prophetical & hi/orical books4 ,j]emiah1 :5 d5\nc+ 9 unmeasur$ t]ms ! v s9s prohibit$ by ! ,decalogue1 nev] uses ! language ( ^? c>d9al rules ( morality2 ! prophecies %[ no trace ( ! prie/ly ord9ances2 &1 ?\gh mo/ ( ! laws ref] to ,s9ai1 ! "n occurs 9 none ( ! prophetical books4 7#a7 ,9 #ahfe ! wit*-laws 7 yet 9 =ce 9 ,s\? ,c>ol9a6 8,x conta9s old songs2 embodies ! writt5 law or judicial decisions ( ! ,israelites 9 ! ,book ( ! ,cov5ant2 spr+s f two curr5ts ( hi/ory1 ! ,elohi/ & ,jehovi/1 ! =m] compos$ ( ! y\ng] ,elohi/ ( ! ,s\? & ! old] ,elohi/ ( ! ,nor?2 %[s ,deut]onomy v mu* alt]$ f its orig9al =m by em5dations & additions1 be+ =m]ly )\t ! fir/ f\r & ! clos+ *apt]s1 & ! ,levitical ,law or ,prie/ly ,codex hav+ be5 lat] incorporat$ ) ,jo%ua & ! books ( ,moses2 & la/ly x is m>r$ by *anges made 9 accordance ) ! new religi\s _s40 ,we "k v little ab\t ,moses4 ,if !re ev] 0 su* a man--:i* is v d\btful1 tak+ ! writ+s accr$it$ to him = au?ority--he is n %[n to h be5 8! greate/ /atesman & lawgiv] ! _w has ev] produc$40 ,nei!r h ! ,jews ev] develop$1 9 anci5t or mod]n times1 su* a moral "* z a p z to ju/ify ! supposition t !y _h a great & inspir$ lead] among !m1 & t he taught !m any?+ n well kn[n = _m c5turies be=e to m anci5t & m intellig5t nations4 ,! assumption t ,moses 0 ! au?or1 "u div9e guidance1 ( :at is commonly call$ ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts1 ab\t "o ?\s& f\r hundr$ & fifty-"o ye>s be=e ! ,*ri/ian era1 is assumption only1 )\t a p>ticle ( pro( to su/a9 x4 ,:at are commonly call$ ! laws ( ,moses 7 writt5 by "s p]son or p]sons unkn[n 9 ! fif? or six? c5turies be=e ! beg9n+ ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,mo/ ( ! matt] ( :at is call$ ! ,p5tateu* 0 borr[$ f old] & wis] nations--! ,egyptians1 ! ,h9doos1 ! ,greeks1 etc4 ,b = ! unb\nd$ cr$ulity on ?is subject x w\ld seem l an insult s]i\sly to discuss ! "q1 ,:i* are ! old] writ+s8 &1 ,:i* ! sub/antial copies8 ,unless a man is ready to take assumptions = demon/rat$ facts1 to ignore ! museums & libr>ies1 to "q ! conclusions ( ! pr(\nd-e/ antiqu>ians1 & to make ! /ream ( hi/ory fl[ backw>d1 he mu/ admit t ! ,hebrews 7 ! borr[]s47#a7 7#a7 ,! sub/ance ( ?is *apt] 0 publi%$ 9 ,m>*1 #ahij1 9 ,an ,op5 ,lett] to ,hon4 ,edw>d ,m4 ,paxson1 ,*ief-,ju/ice ( ,p5nsylvania1 :o _h affirm$ 9 a lecture be=e ! ,law ,s*ool ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,p5nsylvania t ! 8law ( ,s9ai 0 ! fir/ ( :i* we h any k10 & t 8,moses 0 ! greate/ /atesman & lawgiv] ! _w has ev] produc$40 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,anci5t ,,symbolism ,,& ,,mod]n ,,lit]alism 8,:i* ?+s are an allegory40--,gal4 #d3bd4 ,,wor%ip is natural to man1 & all sy/ems ( religion1 _m ?9k1 receiv$ _! cult f ,nature-wor%ip4 ,typology1 my?ology1 !ology foll[$ ea* o!r z ! l9ks ( a well-=g$ *a94 ,cic]o well sugge/$3 8,d y n see h[1 f ! beg9n+1 f ! productions ( nature & ! useful inv5tions ( m5 h aris5 fictiti\s & imag9>y deities1 :i* h be5 ! f\ndations ( false op9ions1 p]nici\s errors1 & mis]able sup]/itions80 ,he ass]ts t 8if ! sacr$ my/]ies celebrat$ by ! mo/ anci5t peoples 7 prop]ly und]/ood1 !y w\ld r explicate ! nature ( ?+s ?an portray ! k ( ! gods40 ,plato said he 8w\ld exclude f 8 ideal republic ! poems ( ,hom]1 because ! "y w\ld n be able to di/+ui% betwe5 :at 0 allegorical & :at 0 actual40 ,proclus alleges t ev5 ,plato himself drew _m ( 8 peculi> dogmas f ! symbolisms ( ! anci5ts4 ,x is also said t he 0 curi\s to f9d out :at 0 ! secret mean+ ( ! allegories ( ! m anci5t sages & philosoph]s1 :ile at ! same "t he affirm$ t :at he %\ld successfully f9d out he w\ld keep to himself4 ,x is well kn[n t ! real (f5ce ( ,socrates 0 9 publi%+ to ! common p ! wisdom secret$ by o!r tea*]s4 ,heyne has truly said t 8f my?s all ! hi/ory & all ! philosophy ( ! anci5ts proce$40 ,g]ald ,massey1 9 8 great "w ,! ,natural ,g5esis1 claims t x is only 9 ! symbolic /age ( expression t we c expect to recov] ! lo/ mean+s ( prie/ly dogmas4 ,^! are pres]v$ 9 ! ge/ure-signs1 ideographic types1 images1 & my?s scatt]$ ov] ! _w4 ,! symbolic ext5ds beyond ! writt5 or spok5 language ( any p n[ extant4 ,he well says t 8anci5t symbolism 0 a mode ( expression :i* has bequea!d a m\ld ( ?\ght t imprisons ! m9ds ( myriads z effectually z ! toad %ut up 9 ! rock 9 :i* x dwells is conf9$40 ,my?s & allegories1 anci5tly unfold$ to initiates 9 ! my/]ies1 h be5 ignorantly adopt$ by mod]n prie/s & publi%$ to ! _w z ! lit]al tru?4 ,! ma9 dogmas ( mod]n !ology are bas$ on di/ort$ my?s1 8"u ! %ad[ ( :i* we h be5 c[]+ z timor\sly z birds 9 a /ubble :5 an artificial kite 9 ! %ape ( a hawk is hov]+ ov]head40 ,mod]n dogmatic !ology is l>gely :at ,mr4 ,massey has t]sely call$ 8fossiliz$ symbolism40 ,x 0 ! habit ( ! ,ori5tal m9d to p]sonify almo/ ev]y?+4 ,anci5t my/ics veil$ all _! ?\ghts 9 allegory & drap$ _! sacr$ lessons 9 symbols4 ,!y inv5t$ _m poetic riddles & fanta/ic /ories1 :i* ! initiat$ knew to be fanciful1 b :i* 9 "t came to be reg>d$ by ! masses z sub/antial hi/oric facts4 ,x is well kn[n t ?is me?od 0 n conf9$ to ! anci5ts1 b play$ a conspicu\s "p 9 ! ,middle ,ages1 & t its baneful influ5ce is n yet exhau/$4 ,x w h]eaft] be %[n t 9 no writ+s extant c be f\nd s _m illu/rations ( ! symbolic me?od ( tea*+ z 9 ! ,jewi% & ,*ri/ian ,scriptures4 ,ev5 9 our day ! common p h n outgr[n ?is habit ( p]sonification1 & are wont to tell _! *ildr5 ( ,santa ,claus & ,kriss ,kr+le :o br+ !m pres5ts at ,*ri/ma/ime1 & ( ,jack ,fro/ :o w bite !m if !y g out 9 ! cold4 ,mod]n folk-lore is full ( symbolisms & p]sonifications1 z real to multitudes z are ! my?ical /ories f\nd 9 writ+s suppos$ to conta9 an infallible div9e revelation4 ,a l>ge numb] ( le>n$ au?ors favor ! !ory t all sy/ems ( dogmatic !ology are my?ic sugge/ions ( ! ph5om5a ( physical nature1 po/ulat$ by philosoph]s & poets 9 ! mo/ anci5t p]iods ( ! _w4 ,!y ma9ta9 ?is hypo!sis1 9 "p f ! well-kn[n fact t _m ( ! mo/ widely-sep>at$ peoples1 :o nev] c\ld h _h any int]c\rse1 directly or indirectly1 h us$ ! same imag]y & sub/antially adopt$ ! same sy/ems ( religion4 ,?is sugge/ion reg>d+ ,nature-wor%ip is wor?y ( c>eful & rev]5t exam9ation4 ,primitive peoples1 liv+ mo/ly 9 ! op5 air1 7 br\ght 9 close contact ) ext]nal natural objects & ph5om5a4 ,"o ( ! mo/ preval5t =ms ( religion 9 anci5t times 0 tree-wor%ip1 & x ent]$ l>gely into ! religi\s ?\ght ( ! anci5t ,jews4 ,! tree furni%$ ! food1 ma9ly1 ^u :i* our race 9 its infancy dep5d$ = subsi/5ce4 ,! grove 0 call$ 8! retreat belov$ by gods & m540 ,x furni%$ %elt] f /orm1 & %ade f ! tropical sun4 ,x 0 a place ( re/ & a ?+ ( beauty4 ,mr4 ,b>l[1 9 8 excell5t book on ,symbolism1 says ! mo/ g5]ally-receiv$ symbol ( life 0 a tree4 ,x 0 insep>able f ! anci5t conception ( a g>d54 ,x 0 ! 8tree ( life0 9 ! my?ic p>adise4 ,x 0 sugge/ive ( passion & (fspr+ 9 connection ) ! s]p5t1 :i* 0 an emblem ( male virility4 ,! tree has _m sugge/ions1 n only 9 x leaves1 b 9 its fruit & mode ( propagation4 ,! sap ( c]ta9 trees has an exhil>at+1 & ev5 an intoxicat+1 quality4 ,! sacr$ soma 0 tak5 be=e read+ ! ,v$ic hymns 8to quick5 ! memory40 ,x 0 suppos$ to promote spirituality & inspiration4 ,v>i\s trees & plants are sugge/ive ( f]tility & fecundity 9 man4 ,! lotus is ! fl[] ( ,v5us4 ,!re is a 8language ( trees0 z well z 8language ( fl[]s40 ,!re are poetic & symbolic reasons 9 ! =m ( ! /ems & %ape ( ! leaves = ! display ( orange-blossoms z bridal decorations1 z ?\ghtful botani/s c readily see4 ,mu* ( ! symbolism ( ! ,old ,te/am5t is id5tical ) ! ,ea/]n tree-wor%ip2 & )\t "s k ( ?is =m ( imag]y mu* ( ! ,hebrew ,scriptures mu/ rema9 a dead lett]4 ,! frequ5t ref]5ces to palms1 c$>s1 oaks1 v9es1 m&rakes1 etc4 etc41 are va/ly significant to ! adept 9 symbolism4 ,! ,jewi% ,bible is full ( ,nature-wor%ip to all ^: eyes are n veil$ by sac]dotalism4 ,! fact t ,god is said to h appe>$ to ,moses 9 ! burn+ bu% is sugge/ive ( bo? tree- & fire-wor%ip 7,ex4 #c3 #b74 ,josephus says1 8,! bu% 0 holy be=e ! flame appe>$ 9 x & because x 0 holy x became ! vehicle ( ! burn+1 fi]y1 jeal\s ,god ( ! ,jews4 ,ev5 our ,*ri/mas ev]gre5s conta9 a recognition ( ! gods ( ! trees4 ,! feet is1 _m ( ! religi\s rites ( bo? ,jews & ,*ri/ians are b slight modifications ( ! anci5t ,nature-wor%ip1 z all well-read m5 "k1 b to :i* tru? our mod]n !ologians are z bl9d z bats4 ,abraham1 ! alleg$ prog5itor ( ! ,jewi% nation 7s call$71 is repres5t$ z a diss5t] f ! religion ( 8 native c\ntry2 yet he1 & 8 desc5dants & foll[]s aft] him = hundr$s ( ye>s1 employ$ ! same religi\s symbols & =ms ( wor%ip us$ by ! p ( ,*aldea & o!r s-call$ idolatr\s nations4 ,read ! solemn arraignm5t ( ! 8*os5 p0 by ! prophet1 record$ 9 ,ezek4 #af3ae to ! end ( t *apt]1 if y w\ld h pro( ( ?is *>ge4 ,! fact is1 if we treat ! /ory ( ,abraham & o!r s-call$ ,old-,te/am5t patri>*s z we d ! traditions ( o!r nations1 we %all be =c$ to give x an esot]ic int]pretation r ?an a lit]al or an hi/oric "o4 ,b m ( ?is f>!r on4 ,s]p5t-wor%ip is ano!r =m ( sacr$ symbolism1 & has an intimate connection ) phallic rites4 ,! s]p5t 0 n at fir/ a p]sonification ( evil1 b ( wisdom1 & is s us$ 9 our ,new ,te/am5t1 8444 wise 7%rewd7 z s]p5ts1 h>mless z doves40 ,x also d5otes ! art or gift ( heal+1 & 0 n only s us$ by ,esculapius1 b also by ,moses1 & is recogniz$ z a type by ,jesus himself3 8444 ,& z ,moses lift$ up ! s]p5t 9 ! wild]ness1 ev5 s mu/ ! ,son ( man be lift$ up1 t :osoev] believe? on him %\ld n p]i%1 b h1 et]nal life0 7,num4 #ba3i2 ,john #c3ad1 #ae74 ,inde$1 ! s]p5t has almo/ univ]sally be5 reg>d$ z a symbol ( immortal life1 & especially1 z frequ5tly pres5t$ 9 anci5t sculptures1 ) its tail 9 its m\?1 ?us =m+ an endless circle4 ,?is idea may h be5 sugge/$ at fir/ by its t5acity ( life1 & its be+ s ?or\ghly alive 9 all its p>ts1 its body & tail mov+ & liv+ aft] its head has be5 cru%$2 &1 fur!r1 f ! p]iodic r5ewal ( its sk91 sugge/+ a new & cont9u\s life4 ,!n !re are o!r significant qualities 9 ! s]p5t--viz4 its p[] ( volunt>y enl>gem5t & self-erection1 comb9$ ) its int5se gaze & wond]ful secret ( fasc9ation & its noiseless & my/]i\s movem5t--all sugge/ive ( ! spirituel4 ,x is also a symbol ( p[] & div9ity1 & z su* 0 embroid]$ ^u anci5t robes & flags ( royalty4 ,^u a decorative bann] rec5tly display$ ^u ! walls ( an edifice 9 ,philadelphia :]e9 rec5tly met ! ,g5]al ,assembly ( ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur* ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ! symbolic s]p5t 0 prom95t2 & ^? :o criticis$ x 7 sil5c$ by a memb]'s po9t+ to ! fact t ! s]p5t is engrav$ ^u ! seal ( ! ,g5]al ,assembly itself4 ,?9k ( ,presbyt]ians p]petuat+ s]p5t-symbolism6 ,x 0 d\btless ! emblematic snakes :i* _h be5 us$ 9 ,irel& 9 ! ,druidic wor%ip1 be=e ! introduction ( ,*ri/ianity1 t ! some:at my?ical ,/4 ,patrick drove out ( ! 8,em]ald ,isle0--all ! snakes accord+ to ,romi% tradition1 n[ believ$ by millions ( dev\t wor%ipp]s to be /rictly hi/orical1 ?\gh kn[n by prie/s to be my?ical4 ,he de/roy$ ! emblematic s]p5ts4 ,x 0 n until aft] ! inv5tion ( ! talk+ subtle s]p5t t tempt$ ,eve 9 ,ed5 t ! s]p5t became a symbol ( evil4 ,! ,jews nev] he>d ( t 8old s]p5t ! devil0 until aft] _! captivity 9 ,babylon4 ,we mu/ n fail1 h[ev]1 accord+ to ! ,old ,te/am5t1 to give ,k+ ,hezekiah cr$it = hav+ be5 a sort ( ,hebrew ,/4 ,patrick1 9 attempt+ to drive s]p5t-wor%ip f among ! ,israelites aft] x _h prevail$ among !m = ab\t sev5 hundr$ ye>s4 ,9 a l9e or two we sum up ! symbolism ( ! s]p5t1 z has be5 sugge/$1 9 t x is ?or\ghly alive1 has a fi]y nature1 is swift 9 motion1 & moves )\t b&s or feet4 ,x assumes a v>iety ( =ms1 is long-liv$1 & r5ews its y\? by %$d+ its ext]nal cov]+1 & at pleasure /&s erect1 enl>ges its size1 is /rong1 & is said to h ! m>vell\s secret ( fasc9ation4 ,initiates wor%ipp$ only ! qualities or pr9ciples symboliz$ by outw>d =ms1 :ile ! ignorant may h really wor%ipp$ ! ext]nal or lit]al object4 ,e quality 9 ! objects ( ! anci5t ,nature-wor%ip has sugge/$ a religi\s dogma1 :i* 0 fir/ incorporat$ into anci5t sy/ems ( sac]dotalism1 & c n[ be trac$ 9 an occult & esot]ic s5se 9 all bodies ( mod]n dogmatic !ology4 ,n9ety-n9e out ( e "o hundr$ ( pr(essional ecclesia/ics are z ignorant ( ^! ?+s z unborn babes1 :ile ! select few "k1 b conceal1 ! tru?4 ,! l>g] class are hone/ dupes & dunces1 :ile ! o!rs are hypocrites & impo/ors4 ,phallieism1 ! wor%ip ( ! g5ital organs1 0 ano!r =m ( natural symbolism4 ,m5 saw t 9 "s my/]i\s way ! race 0 propagat$ by ! congress ( ! g5]ative organs1 male & female1 & soon naturally wor%ipp$ !m z at lea/ ! symbols ( ! unkn[n fecundat+ p[] ( ! univ]se4 ,?is =m ( symbolism prevail$ 9 ! mo/ di/ant ages1 & has cont9u$ 9 _m c\ntries unto ! pres5t "t4 ,ri*>d ,payne ,knight1 an honorable ,engli% g5tleman1 9 #ahfe wrote a qu>to book1 ( :i* only two hundr$ copies 7 pr9t$1 entitl$ ,a ,disc\rse on ! ,wor%ip ( ,priapus1 & its ,connection ) ! ,!ology ( ! ,anci5ts1 9 :i* ?is :ole subject is boldly discuss$1 & phallicism illu/rat$ by "o hundr$ & ?irty-eight engrav+s1 _m ( !m copi$ f actual emblems n[ pres]v$ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum & 9 ! ,secret ,museum 9 ,naples4 ,major-,g5]al ,=long1 ( ! ,briti% army1 has also fully pres5t$ ?is subject 9 8 rec5t qu>to 9 two volumes1 entitl$ ,riv]s ( ,life2 or1 ,s\rces & ,/reams ( ! ,fai?s ( ,man 9 all ,l&s4 ,x w\ld d\btless a/\nd _m mod]n !ologians to be told t ev5 ! ,jews did n escape ! influ5ce ( ?is =m ( ,nature-wor%ip1 & t our ,bible1 especially ! ,old ,te/am5t1 conta9s _m evid5ces ( x2 & yet x is a fact4 ,circumcision 0 no d\bt an (f%oot ( phallicism4 ,x did n orig9ate ) ,abraham4 ,x 0 kn[n by ! ,egyptians1 ,abyss9ians1 & ,african tribes long be=e ! "t he is said to h liv$4 ,x 0 practis$1 accord+ to ,h]odotus1 at lea/ tw5ty-f\r hundr$ ye>s be=e our era1 & 0 ev5 !n an anci5t cu/om4 ,:5 ,jacob ent]$ into a cov5ant ) ,laban1 a pill> 0 set up1 surr\nd$ by a heap ( /ones 7,g54 #ca3de-ec71 :i* 0 a phallic emblem1 & frequ5tly us$ 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,hebrew patri>*s desir$ num]\s desc5dants1 & h5ce ! symbolic pill> 0 well suit$ to _! religi\s cult4 ,! "n ( ! reput$ fa!r ( ,abraham1 ,t]ah1 signifies 8a mak] ( images40 ,9 ,amos #e3 #bf x is said t ! ,hebrews 9 ! wild]ness wor%ipp$ a deity kn[n by a "n signify+ 8,god ( ! ,pill>10 z is %[n by ! "n ,baal ,tam>1 :i* means ! 8fructify+ god40 ,! ,semitic cu/om ( giv+ sanction to an oa? or sacr$ pl$ge by :at ! ,hebrews call$ ! 8putt+ ( ! h& "u ! ?igh0 is expla9$ by ! ,talmudi/s to be ! t\*+ ( t "p ( ! body :i* is seal$ & made holy by circumcision4 ,! translations ( ! ,jewi% ,scriptures ?r\gh motives ( delicacy are full ( ^! euphemisms4 ,pr(essor ,joseph ,p4 ,lesley1 9 8 ,man's ,orig9 & ,de/9y1 sugge/s t phallicism conv]t$ all ! old] ,arkite symbols into illu/rations ( its own philosophical conceptions ( ! my/]y ( g5]ation1 & ?us gave to ! v>i\s p>ts ( ! human body ^? names :i* con/itute ! special vocabul>y ( obsc5ity ( ! pres5t day4 ,e s*ol> kn[s x to be a fact t c]ta9 words & names n[ nev] spok5 except by ! vulg> ab\nd 9 ! orig9al ,jewi% writ+s1 & are p>tly conceal$ by ! conv5i5t me?ods ( euphemism4 ,:5 ,abraham call$ 8 s]vant to take a solemn oa?1 he requir$ him to lay 8 h&s ^u 8 p>ts ( g5]ation z ! mo/ sacr$ & rev]$ p>ts ( 8 body 7,g54 #bd3b71 & ,jacob1 :5 dy+1 made 8 son ,joseph take ! same =m ( oa? 7,g54 #dg3 #bi74 ,?is 0 b little m ?an ! equival5t ( ! mod]n cu/om ( lay+ ! h& ^u ! he>t z a tok5 ( s9c]ity4 ,! prop] translation ( :at ! s]vant ( ,abraham 0 requir$ to d is giv5 9 ! m>g9 ( ,bag/]'s ,compreh5sive ,bible ?us3 8,9 sectione circumcisionis me40 ,we h 9 ?is =m ( phallic oa? an important sugge/ion z to ! orig91 or at lea/ ! use1 ( ! words te/imony1 te/am5t1 te/ify1 & _! cognates 7te/is1 a witness71 :i* _c fail to occur to ! le>n$ read]1 b :i* _c "h be fully expla9$4 8,caute lege0 7read c>efully7 0 a w>n+ ( a secret or conceal$ mean+ :i* esot]ic writ]s anci5tly put 9 ! m>g9 ( _! books :5 !y w\ld call ! special att5tion ( ! initiat$ to :at is n[ call$ 8read+ betwe5 ! l9es40 ,until our read]s compreh5d ?is h9t !y w n be able to und]/& :at is really meant by ! 8te/imony0 m5tion$ 9 connection ) ! 8ark ( ! cov5ant10 z x occurs 9 ,ex4 #af3 #cd1 be=e any laws1 or ev5 alt>s1 7 kn[n 9 ,s9ai or its ?und]s he>d (4 ,9 ?is h9t may also be f\nd ! true explanation ( ,david's nude dance be=e ! ark1 & ( ! att5d+ circum/ances4 ,scores & scores ( pro(s c\ld "h be furni%$ f ! ,old-,te/am5t ,scriptures1 %[+ t ! use ( phallic emblems 0 ! rule r ?an ! exception = c5turies among ! ,jews2 & ! idols /ol5 by ,ra*el 7t]aphim7 ne$ no long] be misund]/ood1 nor ! mean+ ( ! w$ges ^u :i* %e sat & refus$ to rise :5 ! 8cu/om ( wom5 0 ^u h]0 7,g54 #ca3ce74 ,%e 0 engag$ 9 an act ( devotion4 ,g5]al ,=long ass]ts t at ?is pres5t day ,que5 ,victoria ( ,*ri/ian ,engl& rules ov] m ?an "o hundr$ millions ( phallic wor%ipp]s6 ,inde$1 m ?an half ( ! population ( our globe /ill wor%ip1 z symbols ( f]tility & fecundity1 ! g5ital organs4 ,a correspond5t ( ! ,london ,times1 ( ,april #h1 #ahge1 says3 8,! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur* /ill keeps up c]ta9 sugge/ions ( phallicism4 ,z ! anci5t temple or dagoba 0 ! womb or fem99e pr9ciple ( ! god ,siva or ,bod & o!rs1 s ! new c>d9al1 ,ar*bi%op ,mann+1 0 aft] 8 elevation conduct$ to 8 *ur*1 :i* is "h entitl$1 9 its relation to him1 bride or sp\se1 he call+ x sponsa mea4 ,! c>d9al 0 call$ ! bridegroom1 & ! actual build+ 7! %r9e ( ,/4 ,gregory7 8 sp\se1 & n ! spiritual ,*ur*1 :i* is call$ ,*rises40 ,! ,times' correspond5t fur!r writes ( ?is 8sac]dos magnus10 z he is t]m$1 go+ to meet 8 sp\se1 ! ,*ur*3 8,he /ood rev]5tly at ! door1 :5 holy wat] 0 pres5t$ to him & cl\ds ( inc5se spread ar\nd him1 to symbolize t1 inasmu* z be=e ! bridegroom ent]s ! bride-*amb] he wa%es & is p]fum$1 s ! c>d9al1 hav+ be5 esp\s$ to ! ,*ur* ) ! putt+ on ( a r+1 ( 8 title1 holy wat] & inc5se 7 (f]$ to him1 :5 ! *oir bur/ =? ) ! antiphon1 #8,ecce sac]dos magnus'--#8,behold ! great sac]dotal6'0 ,we are ?us assur$1 z f> z ?is is possible1 t ! phallic idea & a phallic fai? lie at ! base ( ?is cre$2 & we are rem9d$ ( ,apis ( ! ,nile ent]+ 8 palace = 8 works ( sacrifice & m]cy--t]ms appli$ to ! ,great ,g5]ator or ,great ,creator4 ,! anci5ts all taught t _! ,great ,"o1 ,manu1 ,man1 or ,noh1 0 9 ! great ark :i* floats 9 ! mid/ ( ! wat]s1 & t ! :ole 0 a my/]y incompreh5sible to ! un9itiat$4 ,he :o is "l ( ! ,*ri/ian ark is ! "l ( all nations1 :i* ! great sac]dos or pope claims to be4 ,he 0 till v lately a temporal z well z a spiritual head ( k+s & nations4 ,s no wond] t ! hold] ( ! rod1 baton1 or bann]1 :o occupies ! place also ( ,moses to lead 8 flocks ?r\gh ?is wild]ness1 is always exam9$ z to 8 phallic complet5ess be=e be+ confirm$ 9 ! pontificate4 ,?is1 we read 9 ! life ( ,leo ,x4 by ,roscoe1 is requir$ 9 ! case ( popes1 j z ! laws ( ,moses requir$ t all :o came to wor%ip _! v phallic ,,jhvh %\ld fir/ prove _! complet5ess z m54 ,f ?is we may conclude t eunu*s or incompet5t m5 7 *ildr5 ( ! devil1 or at lea/1 n ( ?is phallic god--a fact :i* ! writ] ( ,matt4 #ai3ab1 & ! ,fa!rs ,orig5 & ,val5t9e1 & a ho/ ( o!r sa9ts :o act$ on ?is text1 mu/ h ov]look$4 ,wm4 ,roscoe1 ! hi/orian1 ?us writes3 8,on ! #aa? ( ,augu/1 #adib1 aft] old ,rod]igo 7,borgia7 _h assum$ ! "n ( ,alex&] ,,vi41 & made 8 entrance z supreme pontiff into ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,pet]1 aft] ! procession & pageants _h all be5 gone ?r\gh1 ,alex&] 0 tak5 aside to und]go ! f9al te/ ( 8 qualifications1 :i* 9 8 p>ticul> case might h be5 disp5s$ )40 ,! hi/orian ( c\rse alludes to 8 num]\s prog5y4 ,! au?or expects to be criticis$1 & p]haps *>g$ ) obsc5ity1 = introduc+ ?is subject4 ,b x has be5 well said3 8,prud]y & pruri5cy are frequ5tly companions1 equally impure & c[>dly2 & 9 all sci5tific inve/igations !y %\ld be disreg>d$ r ?an conciliat$40 ,! anci5ts saw no impurity 9 ! symbolism ( p>5tage to indicate ! "w ( creation4 ,:at is div9e & natural to be & to d _c be immode/ & obsc5e4 ,no p]son c ) dec5cy & propriety impugn ! op]ation ( ,nature's laws to :i* he owes 8 exi/5ce2 & he is degrad$ & corrupt above all o!rs :o reg>ds t law z ess5tially s5sual4 ,phallicism meant no wrong until s5suality & impurity ( life sugge/$ t to m5tion x 0 indecor\s4 ,no clean & *a/e m9d c be %ock$ by ! mo/ obvi\s laws ( nature4 ,lydia ,m>ia ,*ild & o!r gr& wom5 h writt5 brave words on ?is subject :i* silly prudes w\ld d well to /udy1 if1 inde$1 !y ev] read any?+ beyond a lascivi\s ,fr5* novel4 ,wom5 only expose _! ignorance :5 !y are r$d5$ ) blu%es at ! m5tion ( phallic wor%ip1 & at ! same "t we> ! my/ic horse-%oe or ! cresc5t ^u _! immaculate bosoms1 eat hot cross-buns1 dance ar\nd ! ,maypole1 & wor%ip b5ea? ! *ur* /eeple4 ,ev5 ! ve/m5ts ( prie/s are ornam5t$ ) phallic emblems2 & "o c h>dly g abroad )\t behold+ ?+s :i* %[ h[ innoc5tly & unconsci\sly 8! records ( ! pa/0 are pres]v$ 9 *ur* ar*itecture1 ecclesia/ical rites1 & _m o!r ?+s daily be=e our eyes--well und]/ood by really le>n$ m51 b to ! true orig9 & significance ( :i* ! masses are totally bl9d4 ,!re are *ur*es 9 ,philadelphia1 & else:]e1 ev5 among ^? :o call !mselves lib]al1 :i* are ornam5t$ ) all ! emblems ( ! anci5t ,nature-wor%ip1 especially sun-wor%ip & phallus-wor%ip4 ,! ,wom5's ,*ri/ian ,temp]ance ,union held a great meet+ rec5tly at ,ocean ,grove1 ,n4 ,j41 & innoc5tly us$ a programme decorat$ ) ! horse%oe & _m o!r phallic emblems4 ,!y _h ! cat seat$ on ! cresc5t1 :i*1 accord+ to ,egyptian my?ology1 said1 8,we are virg9s1 b nev]!less desire t comm]ce :i* ev5tuates 9 (fspr+40 ,!y _h ! emblematic h>e also1 :i* always d5otes fecundity1 & _m o!r emblems n to be m5tion$ 9 polite society4 ,ev5 our ord9>y play+-c>ds1 ov] :i* s mu* preci\s "t is wa/$1 are di/+ui%$ by phallic symbols6 ,pass+ by ! symbolism ( fire-wor%ip preval5t 9 ne>ly all anci5t l&s1 & omitt+ to notice ance/or-wor%ip1 ! wor%ip ( ! sun1 :i* embraces ne>ly all ! =ms ( ,nature-wor%ip1 n[ claims our att5tion4 ,x %\ld be kept 9 m9d :at has already be5 intimat$1 t ! use ( natural objects 9 wor%ip is n necess>ily idolatr\s4 ,! prie/s ( ,*aldea1 ,babylonia1 ,h9do/an1 & ,egypt disclaim$ ! actual wor%ip ( ! mat]ial objects prom95t 9 _! rituals1 & held t ^! visible signs 7 necess>y = ! vulg> to contemplate1 :ile intellig5t wor%ipp]s fix$ _! spiritual eyes ^u ! ?+ or pr9ciple signifi$ by ! sign4 ,! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur* well und]/&s ?is pr9ciple1 & by its appeal to ! e> & eye ( un$ucat$ p attracts !m to its gorge\s temples & holds !m 9 loyal subjection to ! prie/s4 ,take ! foll[+ z an illu/ration ( ! anci5t cu/oms ref]r$ to3 8,mr4 ,f4 ,buckl& tells u1 9 ,l& & ,wat]1 t on ! fir/ ( ,may all ! *ori/]s ( ,magdal5 ,college1 ,ox=d1 /ill meet on ! summit ( _! t[]1 "o hundr$ & fifty feet high1 & s+ a ,lat9 hymn z ! sun rises1 :il/ ! f9al peal ( t5 bells simultane\sly welcomes ! graci\s ,apollo4 ,9 =m] days high mass 0 held "h1 & ! rector ( ,slymbridge1 9 ,gl\ce/]%ire1 x appe>s1 /ill has to pay t5 p\nds ye>ly = ! "o p]=mance ( sundry pieces ( *oir-music at #e ,a4 ,m4 on ! top ( ?is t[]4 ,?is ,may music1 ,*ri/ian prie/s expla91 is = ! repose ( ! s\ls ( k+s & o!rs1 :i*1 ( c\rse1 is q an aft]-?\ght4 ,e>ly mass = ,sol us$ also to be held 9 ! college *apel1 b x is n[ expla9$ t1 ow+ to ?is hav+ be5 =bidd5 at ! ,re=mation1 x has s9ce be5 p]=m$ at ! top ( ! t[]4 ,aft] ! pres5t hymn is sung by ! *ori/]s--boys dress$ 9 womanly raim5t--! lads ?r[ d[n eggs ^u ! cr[d b5ea?1 & bl[ long l\d bla/s to ,sol ?r\gh bright new t9 horns--%[+ u t ! ,bac*ic & ,jewi% trumpet ftes are n yet =gott5 by ,*ri/ians4 ,long be=e daybreak ! y\?s ( bo? sexes us$ to rise & g to a great di/ance to ga!r b\ghs & fl[]s1 & rea* home at sunrise to deck all doors1 w9d[s1 & lov$ spots4444 ,long be=e man 0 able to appreciate pl\gh+ & h>ve/+1 he ke5ly felt ! =ce ( ! w9t] & ( ! v]nal equ9ox1 & 0 ready to appreciate ! joy\s w>m? ( ! sun & its en]giz+ p[] on himself1 z well z on fruits & fl[]s40 ,:ile ! ,jewi% & ,*ri/ian ,bibles conta9 traces ( all =ms ( ! anci5t ,nature-wor%ip1 !re is "o =m t is specially conspicu\s f ! fir/ *apt] ( ,g5esis to ! la/ ( ,revelation--to wit1 ! wor%ip ( ! sun4 ,?is =m ( wor%ip 0 m g5]al among pagan nations ?an any o!r4 ,x 0 natural = ^? primitive p1 lead+ pa/oral lives 9 ! op5 air1 to fix _! att5tion ^u ! sun & to notice 8 relations to o!r cele/ial orbs4 ,x 0 natural = ! contemplative & dev\t to come to reg>d ! sun z ! be/ emblem ( ! creat+1 animat+1 fecundat+ _s ( ! univ]se1 :ile ! ignorant multitude may nev] h look$ beyond ! mat]ial object4 ,^? :o h read ! hi/ory ( ! sun-wor%ipp]s ( ,mexico & ,p]u1 detail$ 9 ! great works ( ,prescott1 mu/ h be5 impress$ by ! fact t ^! nations enjoy$ a high] prosp]ity & a pur] public morality :5 !y 7 wor%ipp]s ( ! sun ?an !y h ev] enjoy$ s9ce "u ! ,roman ,ca?olic religion call$ ,*ri/ian4 ,to fully und]/& h[ ! a/ronomical elem5t came to be ext5sively incorporat$ into ! ,jewi% & ,*ri/ian religions1 x is absolutely necess>y to famili>ize ourselves ) t anci5t pictorial device kn[n z ! sol> zodiac4 ,zodiac-#a ,zodiac-#b ,?is is no?+ m ?an an imag9>y belt cov]+ t region ( ! />ry heav5s )9 ! b\nds ( :i* ! app>5t motions ( ! sun1 moon1 & _m o!r l>ge planets are obs]v$4 ,x is divid$ into twelve equal p>ts ( ?irty degrees ea*1 call$ 8signs10 kn[n z 8con/ellations0 & designat$ z foll[s3 ,aries1 ! ,ram or ,lamb2 ,taurus1 ! ,bull2 ,gem9i1 ! ,tw9s2 ,canc]1 ! ,crab2 ,leo1 ! ,lion2 ,virgo1 ! ,virg92 ,libra1 ! ,balance2 ,scorpio1 ! ,scorpion2 ,sagitt>ius1 ! ,ar*]2 ,capricornus1 ! ,goat2 ,aqu>ius1 ! ,wat]-c>ri]2 ,pisces1 ! ,fi%es4 ,^! con/ellations are fill$ up ) imag9>y =ms ( m51 wom51 animals1 mon/]s1 & _m fanta/ic figures1 ea* includ+ a gr\p ( />s4 ,9 ! anci5t a/ronomy ^! gr\ps numb]$ ?irty-six1 to :i* _m mod]n additions h be5 made4 ,?r\gh ^! con/ellations passes a wavy l9e call$ ! ,ecliptic1 app>5tly m>k+ ! pa? ( ! sun1 b really indicat+ ! pa? ( our own e>? ar\nd ! sun4 ,! sun seems to move ?irty degrees a mon?1 & at ! end ( ! ye> appe>s at ! po9t f :i* he />t$4 ,we ?us h a natural belt or way ab\t sixte5 degrees wide ext5d+ ar\nd ! entire heav5s1 "o half ! ye> nor?1 & ! o!r half s\?1 ( ! equator4 ,b ! sun does n cross ! equator at ! same po9t ea* ye>1 s t 9 cross+ he is n always 9 ! same sign4 ,! sun seems to rec$e1 & z ! app>5t recession ( ! sun is caus$ by ! real movem5t ( ! e>?1 ! ph5om5al result is ! precession ( ! equ9oxes2 & z ! equ9octial po9t rec$es 9 a fix$ ratio1 ?is po9t w g back ?r\gh ! :ole circle ( ! con/ellations 9 ab\t tw5ty-five ?\s& ye>s1 requir+ ab\t tw5ty-"o hundr$ & sixty ye>s to pass ?r\gh ea* sign4 ,accord+ to ! anci5t a/rology1 ! sun assum$ at diff]5t times ! "* ( ! p>ticul> sign ?r\gh :i* x pass$1 & z su* 0 symbolically wor%ipp$4 ,f\r ?\s& ye>s ago ! sign ,taurus gave rise to ! wor%ip ( ! ,bull 7! ,egyptian ,apis72 & :5 ! sun pass$ into ! sign ( ,aries ! ,lamb1 ?is emblem dom9at$ ! wor%ip ( ,p]sians & o!r sun-wor%ipp]s1 & s became ! pas*al or passov] lamb ( ! anci5t ,hebrews4 ,y w n[ beg9 to see :at ?is zodiacal device has to d ) our int]pretations ( ! ,bible4 ,! ,jewi% ,scriptures also conta9 x1 &1 z w soon be made to appe>1 x is impossible to make s5se ( l>ge portions ( ! ,bible )\t x4 ,_m sup]ficial p]sons imag9e ?is peculi> mapp+ ( ! cele/ial heav5s to be a mod]n fancy1 because x is f\nd 9 mod]n almanacs & 9 ! maps & *>ts ( mod]n s*ool-books2 b ! fact is t x is s old & s univ]sal t x is impossible to asc]ta9 ) hi/orical accuracy :5 & :]e & h[ x did orig9ate4 ,!re are two anci5t zodiacs--"o at ,esne on ! ,nile1 & "o 9 ,india--besides two m mod]n ones at ,d5d]ah 9 ,egypt4 ,sir ,william ,drummond1 :o wrote 9 #ahaa1 e/imat$ ! age ( ! "o at ,esne at ab\t #fejj ye>s2 ,dupuis made x #ajjj ye>s old]2 :ile o!r calculations date ! ,indian zodiac back #bb1hge ye>s1 & ! ,egyptian "o #cj1ajj ye>s4 ,^! calculations are bas$ ^u ! assumption t ! signs 7 9 a c]ta9 position at c]ta9 kn[n times1 s t ! computation is "o ( simple ma!matical a/ronomy4 ,! cr$ibility ( ^! calculations is /r5g!n$ by ! foll[+ fact3 ,^u ! c(f9 ( an ,egyptian mummy1 n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 is f\nd a zodiac ) ! precise indication ( ! position ( ! con/ellations 9 ! ye> #agbb ,b4 c4 ,our own ,pr(essor ,mit*ell calculat$ ! exact position ( ! cele/ial bodies belong+ to our sol> sy/em at ! "t indicat$1 & f\nd t on ,octob] #g1 #agbb ,b4 c41 ! planets _h actually occupi$ ! position 9 ! heav5s m>k$ ^u ! mummy c(f96 ,b fur!r pro(s are sup]flu\s1 z ! zodiacal designs mu/ be mu* old] ?an ! ,bible or !y c\ld n h be5 s frequ5tly us$ 9 x4 ,! ,*aldean drama call$ ! book ( ,job is suppos$ by "s p]sons to be v anci5t1 & its au?or %[$ 8 famili>ity ) ! zodiacal con/ellations :5 he s sublimely *all5g$ 8 oppon5t3 8,can/ ?\ b9d ! sweet influ5ces ( ! ,pleiades1 or loose ! b&s ( ,orion80 8,can/ ?\ br+ =? ,mazz>o?80 etc4 etc4 ,b c !re be any d\bt z to ! antiquity ( ! zodiac :5 !re is an honor$ ,prote/ant doctor ( div9ity1 n[ liv+1 :o holds to ! op9ion t ,eno*1 or ev5 ,adam himself1 inv5t$ ! zodiac to =e%ad[ ! r$emption ( fall5 man ?r\gh ! bir?1 dea?1 resurrection1 & asc5sion ( a v]itable ,god8 ,m>t9 ,lu!r is said to h ?r[n 8 ink/& at ! head ( ! devil4 ,if ! lu/y old ,re=m] c\ld n[ visit ?is _w1 he w\ld d5\nce 9 unmeasur$ t]ms ( righte\s wra? a man :o "u ! g>b ( a ,lu!ran m9i/] c\ld utt] su* consummate nons5se4 ,& yet we mu/ n =get t ,dr4 ,m>t9 ,lu!r himself d5\nc$ ,cop]nicus z an a!i/ & a fool4 ,x is ! mis=tune ( ! preval5t dogmatic !ology t x 0 =m$ by p :o held ! geoc5tric !ory--t is1 t ?is little globe is ! c5tre ( ! univ]se4 ,ev5 n[ our pr(essional prie/s seldom ext5d _! ?\ghts beyond ! n>r[ limits ( ! planet ^u :i* we dwell4 ,!y d n realize t1 :ile ! e>? travels at ! rate ( #fh1jjj miles an h\r1 ,m]cury makes #aaj1jjj miles an h\r1 & t ! sun has #a1chj1jjj times our e>?'s bulk1 & has a diamet] ( #hbb1jjj miles to our e>?'s #hjjj2 & t a/ronom]s h "s k ( a fix$ /> 9 ! con/ellation ( ! ,swan :i* is #fb1dha1ejj1jjj1jjj 7#fb trillions #dha billions #ejj millions7 ( miles f ?is planet1 & t light1 :i* travels f ! sun to ! e>? 9 eight m9utes1 w\ld require t5 ye>s to rea* u f t />4 ,yet ! au?or ( ! ,gospel 9 ! ,/>s ?9ks ! :ole cele/ial univ]se 0 s con/ruct$ z to %ad[ =? ! dogmas ( petty prea*]s ( mod]n times6 ,"o c only laugh at su* fanciful follies4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,a/ral ,,keys ,,to ,,bible ,,/ories 8,!re=e !y took a key & op5$ !m40--,judg4 #c3 #be4 ,,x is ! c>efully-=m$ conclusion ( _m indep5d5t ?9k]s t !re is v little real hi/ory or biography 9 ! ,old-,te/am5t ,scriptures4 ,x is a mon/r\s mi/ake 9 mod]n m9i/]s to take z lit]al :at is1 9 fact1 /rictly allegorical4 ,! figurative "* ( mo/ ( ! ,bible n>ratives 0 well kn[n & freely admitt$ by _m anci5t writ]s1 ,jewi% & ,*ri/ian1 z w be %[n h]eaft]4 ,x w\ld be natural to comm5ce our /udies ( ,hebrew symbolism ) ! acc\nt ( ! creation & alleg$ fall ( man2 b z ?is dogma is s directly connect$ ) ! dogmas ( mod]n sac]dotalism1 we res]ve ! exam9ation ( ! s-call$ ,mosaic acc\nt ( ,ed5 & ! fall until we are ready to ent] ^u :at is call$1 9 !ological p>lance1 8! r$emptive s*eme0 ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,we say s-call$ ,mosaic acc\nt1 = !re are _m reasons = d\bt+1 z ,i h %[n1 t he wrote ! ,p5tateu*1 %\ld 8 exi/5ce be admitt$ = ! sake ( argum5t4 ,ar*bi%op ,burnet1 9 speak+ ( ! /ory ( creation1 says3 8,we receive ?is hi/ory )\t exam9ation1 because x 0 writt5 by ,moses2 b if we _h f\nd x 9 ! "w ( a ,greek philosoph]1 a rabbi1 or ,mohamm$an1 our m9ds w\ld be arre/$ at e /ep by d\bts & objections4 ,?is diff]5ce 9 our judgm5t does n come f ! nature ( ! facts2 x comes f ! op9ion we h ( ,moses1 :om we believe to be inspir$40 ,"h are ?ree assumptions n support$ by a p>ticle ( evid5ce1 to wit3 t su* a man z ,moses exi/$1 t he 0 sup]naturally inspir$1 & t he wrote ,g5esis & o!r books ( ! ,p5tateu* "u div9e inspiration4 ,n[1 we h no acc\nt ( ! real exi/5ce ( ,moses1 & no acc\nt ( :at he did & said except f writ+s accr$it$ to him & ! incid5tal m5tion ( him 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,8 alleg$ wond]ful exploits 9 ,egypt are n m5tion$ 9 ,egyptian annals nor 9 any o!r contemporane\s writ+s1 :ile _m ?+s-said ( him 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t are sub/antially record$ ( _m o!r p]sons1 z already %[n4 ,!re are _m reasons = believ+ t ,moses 0 a p]sonification ( ! sun & 8 :ole hi/ory a my?4 ,obs]v+ p]sons _c fail to notice t all anci5t pa9t+s & /atues ( ,moses repres5t him ) horns1 probably orig9ally d5ot+ ! rays ( ! sun :5 9 ! con/ellation ,taurus ! ,bull4 ,! fact is well kn[n t :at is call$ ! hi/ory ( ! ,jews is ma9ly fiction1 & t1 too1 borr[$ f o!r peoples & modifi$ to suit circum/ances2 & v bungl+ "w h !y made ( x4 ,! sac]dotali/s ( ! _w may be safely *all5g$ to produce any?+ /rictly orig9al f ! ,old ,te/am5t1 especially relat+ to morals4 ,! hi/orian ,josephus admits t ! ,jews 8nev] inv5t$ any?+ useful40 ,ev5 ! writ+s ( ,josephus %\ld be receiv$ ) _m gra9s ( all[ance4 ,he 0 himself sup]/iti\s & cr$ul\s1 z %[n 9 8 /ory ( a heif] giv+ bir? to a lamb :5 be+ l$ f ! temple /able to ! alt>4 ,moreov]1 we h no anci5t c]tifi$ copies ( :at he did actually write1 & !re is abundant evid5ce ( alt]ations & int]polations 9 8 alleg$ writ+s by sac]dotali/s 9 mod]n times4 ,!re is no great] imposition palm$ (f ^u ! ignorant ?an ! commonly-believ$ falsehoods t ! ,jews 7 a v anci5t p & t _! ,scriptures are ! olde/ book extant4 ,we n[ take up a few ,bible /ories1 & give to !m a symbolic in/ead ( an hi/oric int]pretation2 & = obvi\s reasons we beg9 ) ! alleg$ prog5itor ( ! ,jewi% nation1 ,abraham4 ,x may or may n be a m]e co9cid5ce t by transpos+ ! lett]s ( ! "n ,abraham we h ! "n ,brahma--j z 9 ! old leg5d ( ! sacrifice ( ! daught] ( ,agamemnon1 ,iph?i-g5ia1 if we divide ! syllables into words1 ,iph?i-g5i1 we h lit]ally ,jeph?ah's daught]2 s1 aft] all1 x may be greatly to ! cr$it ( ,jeph?ah t ! /ory is fabul\s4 ,^! curi\s co9cid5ces are n "h (f]$ z evid5ce4 ,x is ackn[l$g$1 at lea/ by implication1 9 ! ,bible itself t ! /ory ( ,abraham is ( ,*aldean orig91 z 8 fa!r ,t]ah 0 a native ( ,ur ( ! ,*aldees & ! alleg$ patri>* 0 a ,*aldean4 ,n[1 ^! p 7 great a/ronom]s 9 v anci5t times1 & 7 accu/om$ to veil _! occult sci5ce "u j su* allegorical p]sonifications & fabul\s tales z ?is ( ,abraham4 ,paul1 or :oev] wrote ! ,epi/le cr$it$ to him1 lets out ! :ole secret 7,gal4 #d3 #bb-bf73 8,= x is writt5 ,abraham _h two sons1 "o by a bondmaid1 ! o!r by a free woman4 ,b he :o 0 ( ! bondwoman 0 born aft] ! fle%1 b he ( ! free woman 0 by promise2 :i* ?+s are an allegory10 etc4 ,n[1 if y c>efully read ! apo/olic explanation 9 ^! v]ses1 y w notice t ! two sons ( ,abraham are two cov5ants1 & ! bondmaid ,hag> repres5ts an ,arabian m\nta91 :i* by a magical *ange becomes ! same z ! city ( ,j]usalem4 ,! "n ,abram signifies ! 8,fa!r ( ,elevation10 :i* is ! a/ronomical di/9ction ( ! planet ,saturn1 ! exaltation ( :i*1 ) its devi\s ways1 well repres5ts ! alleg$ hi/ory ( its prototype4 ,! ^w ,*asdim1 translat$ ,*aldees1 lit]ally means light1 & is a pr(essional n a geographical "n1 & probably ref]s to ! art ( magic & ! "w ( a/rolog]s2 s t x is m ?an probable t ,abram 0 n a p]son1 any m ?an ,*asdim 0 a place4 ,!re are _m ref]5ces 9 ! ,scriptures :i* favor ?is int]pretation1 b :i* _c "h be m5tion$4 ,ev5 9 ! ,"l's ,pray]1 f\nd 9 ,jewi% rituals long be=e ! ,*ri/ian era1 !re are evid5ces t x 0 fir/ address$ to ,saturn4 ,!re nev] 0 any =m ( religi\s wor%ip :i* did n conta9 an expression equival5t to ,our ,fa!r :o art 9 heav54 ,ev5 ,jupit] means ,our ,fa!r 9 ! sky4 ,! "n ( ,abram has _m v>iations1 & !re is an important s5se 9 :i* he may be call$ 8! fa!r ( _m nations40 ,he 0 ! ,esrael ( ! ,*aldeans1 ! ,israel ( ! ,phnicians1 z ! hi/orian ,san*onia?on di/9ctly alleges t _! "n = ,saturn 0 ,israel3 ! names ,abraham & ,israel are us$ int]*angeably 9 bo? ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5ts1 & among ! ,h9doos1 ! ,greeks1 ! ,p]sians1 & o!r nations he 0 ! god ,saturnus ( ! :ole pagan _w4 ,ev5 ^u ! dials ( our 8gr&fa!rs' clocks10 *]i%$ 9 _m families z heirlooms 9 our day1 8 memory is kept gre5 by ! figure ( ! god ( ,"t4 ,scores ( o!r similitudes betwe5 ,saturn & ,abraham c\ld "h be introduc$ did space p]mit4 ,suffice x to say1 ,saturn 9 fable m>ri$ 8 own si/]1 :o 0 a />2 & s did ,abraham1 & ! "n ( 8 wife signifies a />4 ,bo? _h _m sons1 b ea* _h a favorite son1 & ,saturn call$ 8 ,je\d1 :i* implies an only son1 z ,abraham s reg>d$ ,isaac4 ,a le>n$ ,engli% s*ol> has sugge/$ t ! "n 8,je\d0 is ! real orig9 ( ! "n 8,jew10 & he assigns sev]al philological & hi/orical reasons = 8 !ory4 ,x is c]ta9 9 ! m9ds ( _m pr(\nd & indep5d5t inve/igators t ! ,jewi% tribes orig9at$ 9 ,arabia1 & 7 orig9ally a m]e religi\s ord]1 & t _! s-call$ hi/ory is l>gely fabul\s1 & t _! exodus is a comp>atively mod]n novel ) an anci5t date1 z has be5 %[n4 ,let u n[ take ! be/-rememb]$ incid5t 9 ! life ( ,abraham1 ! attempt$ murd] & ! rescue ( 8 son ,isaac1 & see :at w come ( apply+ ! symbolic in/ead ( ! lit]al int]pretation to x4 ,let x be not$ t ?is is n an orig9al /ory4 ,! anci5t ,h9doos h "o l x4 ,k+ ,h>is-c&ra _h no son4 ,he pray$ = "o1 & promis$ t if "o %\ld be born to him he w\ld sacrifice him to ! gods4 ,"o 0 born1 & he nam$ him ,rohita4 ,"o day 8 fa!r told him ( 8 promise to ,v>una to (f] him 9 sacrifice4 ,! son b\ght a sub/itute1 & :5 he 0 ab\t to be immolat$ he 0 m>vell\sly rescu$4 ,!n !re is ! well-kn[n simil> /ory writt5 by ! ,phnician ,san*onia?on ?irte5 hundr$ ye>s be=e our era4 ,!n !re is ! ,grecian /ory ( ,agamemnon1 to :om1 :5 ab\t to sacrifice 8 daught]1 a /ag 0 furni%$ by a goddess z a sub/itute4 ,!re is ano!r ,grecian fable 9 :i* a maid5 0 ab\t to be sacrific$1 & z ! prie/ uplift$ 8 knife to %$ h] blood ! victim sudd5ly disappe>$1 & a goat ( uncommon beauty /ood 9 h] place z a sub/itute4 ,ano!r /ory runs ?us3 ,9 ,sp>ta ! maid5 ,hel5a 0 ab\t to be immolat$ on ! alt> ( ! gods1 :5 an eagle c>ri$ (f ! knife ( ! prie/ & laid x ^u ! neck ( a heif]1 :i* 0 sacrific$ 9 h] /ead4 ,simil> /ories might be produc$ f among _m nations 9 ! mo/ anci5t times1 long be=e ! ,jews pick$ ?is up 9 ,babylon & rewrote x1 ) modifications1 s z to apply x to _! my?ical prog5itor2 = ?is fable ( ,abraham's (f]+ 0 n writt5 until aft] _! return f _! ,babyloni% captivity--mu* ne>] our own "t ?an is g5]ally suspect$4 ,reg>d$ z an hi/oric acc\nt ( a real transaction1 ?is /ory ( ! attempt$ sacrifice ( a belov$ son by a v5]able fa!r is %ock+ 9 ! extreme1 di%onor+ alike to ,god & to ,abraham4 ,a good ,god c\ld n h done su* an unnatural & cruel ?+4 ,he _h no occasion to try ,abraham to f9d out h[ mu* fai? he _h4 ,he knew t already4 ,reg>d$ z an a/rological allegory1 x is +5i\s & conta9s a moral lesson1 to wit3 ob$i5ce to ! voice ( ,god & ! hope ( deliv]ance 9 ! h\r ( extreme em]g5cy4 ,! defect 9 ! /ory is1 t ,god c\ld trifle ) a lov+ *ild1 & pret5d to require him to break "o ( 8 own comm&m5ts1 8,?\ %alt n kill10 & subject him to its own p5alty1 8,:oso %$de? man's blood1 by man %all 8 blood be %$40 ,x w\ld n h avail$ ,abraham to plead t ,god told him to murd] 8 son1 any m ?an x avail$ ! ,pocasset crank :5 he plead$ t ,god _h direct$ him to murd] 8 little daught]4 ,! ,/ate ( ,massa*usetts s5t ! semi-lunatic to a safe place ( conf9em5t4 ,?is /ory ( ,abraham & ,isaac has l$ to scores & scores ( murd]s ( *ildr5 by _! fa!rs1 j z ! passage 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t1 8,?\ %alt n suff] a wit* to live10 has be5 plead$ 9 ju/ification ( ! cool1 delib]ate murd] ( multitudes ( m51 wom51 & *ildr5 on ! *>ge ( wit*craft4 ,! lit]al int]pretation ( :at is call$ infallible ,scripture has be5 ! mo/ bitt] curse to delud$1 prie/-ridd5 humanity4 ,x is ! 8/ock 9 trade0 ( ignorant & selfi% ecclesia/ics to-day4 ,let u look a little m closely at ?is ,abraham-&-,isaac my?4 ,abraham 0 ! p]sonification ( ,saturn1 ! god ( ,"t1 :ile ,isaac 0 ! p]sonification ( ! ,sun4 ,abraham took ,isaac up to ,hebron--:i* means union or alliance1 & cle>ly indicates a union ( ! ecliptic & equ9octial l9e--! v po9t at :i* ! ,ram ( ! v]nal equ9ox pass$ by1 or1 z might be poetically said1 0 caught 9 a cl\d or bu%2 s t ! :ole /ory 0 writt5 long ages be=e 9 ! cele/ial heav5s1 & emblazon$ 9 ! skies at ! return ( ea* v]nal equ9ox4 ,writ]s on a/ro-!ology po9t out details at great l5g? to support ! symbolic int]pretation1 b x is en\gh = pur purpose to m]ely give ! keynote4 ,let ! fact be specially not$ t ! names ( ! patri>*s h an a/rological mean+1 & t ! twelve sons ( ,jacob1 ! gr&son ( ,abraham1 :o became ! heads ( ! twelve tribes ( ,israel1 h di/9ctly a/rological *>act]s1 fully indicat$ 9 ,jacob's dy+ bless+ on 8 sons 7,g54 #di7 & 9 ! correspond+ 8,song ( ,moses0 7,deut4 #cc71 on ! bann] c>ri$ by ! diff]5t tribes 9 _! my?ical m>* f ,egypt to ,canaan2 & t on ! brea/plate ( ! (ficiat+ high prie/ ! jewels correspond to ! cele/ial signs ( ! sol> zodiac2 & al?\gh ,jacob _h *ildr5 by sev]al diff]5t wom5 & 0 a fir/-class ,mormon1 8 twelve sons are made to correspond ) ! twelve mon?s ( ! ye> & ! twelve signs ( ! zodiac4 ,?is fact is admitt$ by ! or?odox au?or ( ,! ,gospel 9 ! ,/>s4 ,8 daught]s are n consid]$ wor?y ( notice1 z t w\ld h spoil$ ! riddle4 ,! philology & etymology ( ! "n ,jacob has sugge/ions ( ! s]p5t2 & f 8 hi/ory he mu/ h be5 a snaky fell[ f ! fir/ to ! la/4 ,he 0 born ) 8 h& ^u 8 bro!r's 8heel10 & he manag$ to *eat him out ( 8 %>e ( 8 "m's affections1 & li$ to 8 fa!r1 & conspir$ ) 8 "m to rob ,esau1 8 bro!r1 ( 8 8bless+40 ,! /ories ( ,laban & ,leah & ,ra*el all con=m to ! symbolic r ?an ! lit]al hypo!sis1 z well z ,jacob's vision ( ! ladd]1 & 8 wre/l+-mat* ) ! angel1 :5 he op5ly obta9$ ! a/rological "n ( ! *ildr5 ( ,saturn--,israel4 ,x mu/ be admitt$ t ! allegorical hypo!sis relieves ! patri>*s ( ! *>ge ( _m mean ?+s1 su* z ! he>tless mann] 9 :i* ,abram treat$ ,hag> :5 ,s>ah got jeal\s1 & ! mann] 9 :i* he treat$ ,s>ah h]self :5 he li$ to ! k+ ?r\gh a selfi% c[>dice & gave 8 wife ov] to ! lu/s ( ! mon>* ,abimele*1 :o 0 7or "o be>+ 8 "n7 deceiv$ by ,isaac 9 reg>d to ,rebekah by a simil> trick 7,g54 #bf3a74 ,lot1 ! nephew ( ,abraham1 0 guilty ( a mean] & m unmanly act :5 he himself propos$ to give ov] 8 two virg9 daught]s to ! worse ?an bea/ly lu/s ( a h[l+ mob1 to protect two angels :o 7 gue/s at 8 t5t 7,g54 #ai3a-aa74 ,b !ologians w nev] will+ly admit t ! ,abraham ( ,g5esis 0 a my?4 ,!y well "k ! logical conclusion4 ,!y w\ld h to give up ! 8,abrahamic cov5ant10 :i* is ! basis ( sac]dotalism4 ,:5 ,pr(essor ,driv]1 ( ! or?odox ,univ]sity ( ,ox=d1 rec5tly admitt$ only by implication t ,abraham may h _h no real p]sonal exi/5ce1 & claim$ t su* hypo!sis w\ld n be injuri\s to religion1 8 article 0 reject$ & suppress$ by ! editor ( an or?odox pap] 9 ,philadelphia z dang]\s4 ,b to assume t all ! pr9cipal actors ( ,g5esis & "s o!r books 7 imp]sonations1 n p]sons1 w\ld n de/roy ! good ?+s !y are alleg$ to h said & done4 ,x is no m necess>y to insi/ ^u ! real p]sonality ( ,abraham ?an to insi/ ^u ! lit]al exi/5ce ( ,fai?ful & ,great-,he>t & o!r imp]sonations 9 ,pilgrim's ,progress4 ,nobody insi/s t ! *>act]s 9 ! p>ables accr$it$ to ,jesus mu/ be tak5 9 a lit]al s5se4 ,& yet x may be admitt$ t ! fictions ( ,scripture may h be5 sugge/$ by "s p]sons & facts1 j z 9 mod]n novels !re g5]ally is "s p]son :o /&s = ! orig9al ( ! /ory4 ,?is is em95tly s 9 ! novels ( ,dick5s & ,d',israeli4 ,nev]!less1 x is difficult to d\bt t ! pr9cipal *>act]s ( ! ,old ,te/am5t are my?ical1 pure & simple1 z we f9d ! orig9als 9 ! old] scriptures ( diff]5t nations1 confess$ly f\nd$ ^u ! sol> & o!r =ms ( ,nature-wor%ip4 ,! feet is1 t ! only rational way to expla9 ! m>vell\s /ories ( ! ,hebrew ,scriptures is by ! well-kn[n me?ods ( anci5t symbolism4 ,let u n[ m]ely glance at "s o!r ,old-,te/am5t fables4 ,noah & 8 ,deluge are ma9ly my?ical1 z ?is /ory is almo/ a lit]al copy ( ! ,*aldean1 ?\gh f\nd sub/antially 9 ! writ+s ( _m o!r nations4 ,x readily fits ! allegorical me?od ( int]pretation 9 almo/ e p>ticul>4 ,! ,*aldean acc\nt z writt5 by ,b]osus1 & f\nd rec5tly by ! late ,george ,smi? ( ! ,briti% ,museum on ! clay tablets1 is s mu* l ! /ory 9 ,g5esis t ! latt] mu/ h be5 copi$ f ! =m]2 & ! slight v>iations 9 ! two n>ratives are no great] ?an might h be5 expect$ z betwe5 ,*aldea & ,pale/9e4 ,! ,jews obta9$ x f ,babylon1 z !re is no m5tion made ( ?is miracle 9 any book ( ! ,bible writt5 be=e ! ,captivity4 ,! books ( ,psalms1 ,prov]bs1 ,*ronicles1 ,judges1 ,k+s1 etc4 are sil5t on ?is subject4 ,josephus def5d$ ! ,noa*ian ,deluge on ! sole gr\nd t an acc\nt ( x 0 held by ! ,*aldeans1 nev] pret5d+ t ! ,*aldean acc\nt 0 tak5 f ! ,jewi% record4 ,b x is useless to dwell on ! /ory ( a univ]sal deluge ( wat]4 ,x is 9 ! light ( mod]n sci5ce physically impossible & absurd2 & su* m5 z ,buckl&1 ,pye ,smi?1 ,hugh ,mill]1 & ,hit*cock1 ) _m o!r di/+ui%$ ,*ri/ian sci5ti/s1 give up ! doctr9e ( a univ]sal deluge :ile claim+ a p>tial "o4 ,& "h1 aga91 ! anci5t a/ronomy comes 9 ) an explanation ( p>tial floods ( wat]s by ! natural results ( ! 8precession ( ! equ9oxes10 9 :i*1 at c]ta9 p]iods dur+ ! *ange ( ! pol> axis ( ! e>?1 great physical convulsions mu/ foll[1 ) wide eruptions ( wat]1 mak+ a p>tial ov]fl[ & sugge/+ ! idea ( a univ]sal deluge4 ,f\r su* cataclysms mu/ h occurr$ :ile ! sun 0 mak+ "o j\rney ?r\gh ! twelve zodiacal con/ellations4 ,pr(4 ,huxley has rec5tly well said3 8,b ! voice ( ar*ology & hi/orical criticism /ill has to be he>d1 & x gives =? no unc]ta9 s\nd4 ,! m>vell\s recov]y ( ! records ( an antiquity f> sup]ior to any t c be ascrib$ to ! ,p5tateu*1 :i* has be5 effect$ by ! deciph]]s ( cunei=m *>act]s1 has put u 9 possession ( a s]ies once m1 n ( speculations1 b ( facts1 :i* has a mo/ rem>kable be>+ ^u ! "q ( ! tru/wor?9ess ( ! n>rative ( ! ,flood4 ,x is e/abli%$ t = c5turies be=e ! ass]t$ migration ( ,t]ah f ,ur ( ! ,*aldees 7:i*1 accord+ to ! or?odox int]pret]s ( ! ,p5tateu*1 took place aft] ! ye> #bjjj b4 c47 ,l[] ,mesopotamia 0 ! seat ( a civilization 9 :i* art & sci5ce & lit]ature _h atta9$ a developm5t =m]ly unsuspect$1 or1 if !re 7 fa9t reports ( x1 treat$ z fabul\s4 ,& x is also no matt] ( speculation1 b a fact1 t ! libr>ies ( ?is p conta9 v]sions ( a long epic poem1 "o ( ! twelve books ( :i* tells ! /ory ( a deluge :i* 9 a numb] ( its lead+ features corresponds to ! /ory attribut$ to ,b]osus1 no less ?an ) ! /ory giv5 9 ,g5esis1 ) curi\s exactnesss4 8,look+ at ! conv]g5ce ( all ^! l9es ( evid5ce leads to ! "o conclusion--t ! /ory ( ! ,flood 9 ,g5esis is m]ely a v]sion ( "o ( ! olde/ pieces ( purely fictiti\s lit]ature extant2 t :e!r ?is is or is n its orig91 ! ev5ts ass]t$ 9 x to h tak5 place assur$ly nev] did take place2 fur!r1 t 9 po9t ( fact ! /ory 9 ! pla9 & logically necess>y s5se ( its words has long s9ce be5 giv5 up by or?odox & cons]vative comm5tators ( ! ,e/abli%$ ,*ur*40 ,! only rational int]pretation ( ! extraord9>y /ories ( ! ,p5tateu* & o!r scriptures is to reg>d !m z my?ical & allegorical1 borr[$ f ! a/rological sy/ems ( m anci5t peoples4 ,x is v difficult to pres5t )9 ! limits "h all[$ :at has gr[n into pond]\s volumes 9 elucidat+ ! matt] 9 h&4 ,! /ory ( ,jonah & ! ,fi%1 tak5 z a lit]al /ory1 is incr$ible1 ?\gh ! notori\s ,brooklyn prea*] ?9ks t x mu/ be lit]ally true1 z t ,god might h s dilut$ ! ga/ric juice 9 ! /oma* ( ! fi% z to make ,jonah q indige/ible6 ,?is :ole /ory is f\nd 9 e>li] pagan writ+s1 & is fully expla9$ by ! a/ronomical ph5om5a4 ,! e>? is a huge fi% 9 ! anci5t my?ology1 & on ,decemb] ! #ba/ ! sun 7,jonah1 ! type7 s9ks into its d>k belly1 & aft] ?ree days--to wit1 ,decemb] #be?--x comes =?4 ,! ,sun-god is on dry l& aga94 ,!re is a ,h9doo fable mu* l ?is4 ,9 ,grecian fable ,h]cules 0 swall[$ by a :ale at ,joppa1 & is said to h la9 ?ree days 9 8 entrails4 ,! ,sun 0 call$ ,jona1 z c be %[n f _m au?orities4 ,! nurs]y-tale ( 8,little ,r$ ,rid+-,hood0 0 also a sun-my?1 mutilat$ 9 ! ,engli% /ory1 %[+ h[ ! ,sun 0 dev\r$ by ! ,black ,wolf 7,night71 & came out unhurt4 ,scores ( simil> sun-my?s c\ld be n>rat$4 ,b !re are geographical inaccuracies :i* %[ its my?ical "*4 ,in/ead ( ,n9eveh be+ 8?ree days' j\rney0 f ! coa/ :]e ,jonah 0 vomit$ out1 x is di/ant "s f\r hundr$ miles ( hill & pla91 & ! size ( ! city 0 n tw5ty by twelve miles1 b m ne>ly eight by ?ree miles4 ,moreov]1 ! city %[$ no signs ( decay till ab\t two hundr$ & fifty ye>s aft] ! alleg$ w>n+ ( ,jonah4 ,x is truly a/\nd+ t intellig5t m5 c be s bl9d4 ,x 0 rec5tly admitt$ by high ,*ri/ian au?ority t !re is n a p>ticle ( pro( = ?is /ory except t ,jesus _h ref]r$ to ,jonah z be+ 8?ree days & nights 9 ! :ale's belly40 ,if ,jesus did say ?is1 he us$ x z an illu/ration4 ,he probably /at$ a curr5t tradition1 if he said x at all4 ,let u n[ try our key 9 ! closet-door ( ! ,samson /ory4 ,accord+ to ! ,bible acc\nt1 ,samson p]=m$ twelve pr9cipal exploits2 & if y w turn to any good diction>y ( my?ology y w f9d a wond]ful lik5ess to ! twelve labors ( ,h]cules 9 ! ,greek my? ( ! ,sun4 ,"t c be tak5 to exam9e only "o--! cutt+ (f ( ,samson's hair :ile repos+ 9 ! lap ( ,delilah1 & ! consequ5t loss ( 8 /r5g?4 ,pr(essor ,goldhiz] says3 8,long locks ( hair & a long be>d are my?ological attributes ( ! sun40444 8,:5 ! p[]ful summ]'s sun is succe$$ by ! weak rays ( ! w9t]'s sun1 its /r5g? dep>ts40 ,b z ! sun becomes asc5dant aga9 he r5ews 8 /r5g?1 j z ,samson's /r5g? return$ :5 8 hair grew out aga94 ,! sev5 locks repres5t ! sev5 planet>y worlds4 ,! con/ellation ,virgo repres5ts ,samson's wife2 & ,delilah1 9 ^: lap he dalli$ & lo/ 8 /r5g?1 repres5ts ! mon?s ( autumn1 be=e ! w9t] came to h& him ov] to ! ,phili/9es1 ! dre>y "t ( ! w9t] mon?s4 ,! /ory ( ,samson is f\nd 9 ! sun-my?s ( all ! ,sun-wor%ip-p+ nations1 & ! /ory ( ,h]cules 0 kn[n 9 an isl& colony ( ! ,phnicians five hundr$ ye>s be=e x 0 kn[n 9 ,greece2 & ! /ory is almo/ z old z humanity itself4 ,! v "n ,samson 7or ,samp-%on7 9 "s languages means ! sun2 & !re is n an exploit record$ ( him t does n yield to ! sol> int]pretation2 & :5 mod]n m9i/]s und]take to expla9 h[ ,samson caught ?ree hundr$ foxes & set fire to _! tails1 !y nev] ?9k to m5tion 7if !y happ5 to "k x7 t 9 ! anci5t fe/ival ( ,c]es a fox-hunt 0 enact$ 9 ! !atres ( ,rome 9 :i* burn+ tor*es 7 b\nd to ! foxes' tails4 ,we h an explanation ( ?is f ,pr(4 ,/e9?al3 8,?is 0 a symbolical rem9d] ( ! damage done to ! fields by mildew1 call$ ! 'r$ fox' 9 ! la/ ( ,april4 ,x 0 at ! "t ( ! ,dog ,/> at :i* ! mildew 0 mo/ to be fe>$2 & if at t "t great sol> heat foll[$ too close ^u ! ho>-fro/ or dew ( ! cold nights1 ! mis*ief rag$ l a burn+ fox ?r\gh ! corn-fields4 ,l ! lion1 ! fox is an animal t indicates ! sol> heat1 be+ well suit$ bo? by its color & long-hair$ tail40 ,b\-*>t gives a simil> explanation & application1 & s d _m o!r writ]s4 ,x rema9s = m9i/]s ( ?is n9ete5? c5tury to dole out ! anci5t fables ( ! pa/ z lit]al hi/ory to ! gr[n-up *ildr5 ( to-day4 ,! /ory ( ,samson 9 all its details yields to ! key ( anci5t symbolism4 ,:y n admit ! fact t ?is is a sol> my?1 & ?us get cle> ( all ! blasphemy & absurdities ( a lit]al int]pretation8 ,! incr$ibly absurd /ory ( ,jo%ua's comm&+ ! sun to /& /ill = sev]al h\rs has a rational explanation1 reg>d$ z a my?1 well kn[n to initiates to set =? ! correction ( ! cal5d>1 s z to make diff]5t p]iods correspondras "o /ops a clock to make x agree ) ! r++ ( ! /&>d "t by ! t[n bell4 ,!re are scores ( p>allels 9 anci5t hi/ory4 ,reg>d ,solomon z a sun-my?1 & y h no difficulty ab\t ! size ( 8 family4 ,! sev5 hundr$ wives & ! ?ree hundr$ concub9es repres5t$ s _m />s4 ,ev5 ! n>ratives ( ,david's exploits ) ! five k+s1 8 8unpleasantness0 ) ,saul1 & 8 dalliance & intrigue ) ,ba?%eba yield to ! a/ro-my?ological key4 ,! same is true ( ! /ory ( ! two %e-be>s t ate up ! =ty-two *ildr5 :o call$ %orn ,eli%a 8bald-head40 ,! prophet 0 ! ,sun1 d5ud$ ( 8 curls at a c]ta9 a/ronomical p]iod2 ! two be>s 7 ! con/ellations ,ursa ,major & ,ursa ,m9or1 ! great be> & ! little be>2 & ! =ty-two *ildr5 7 a gr\p ( />s cov]$ by ! two be>s1 s t1 figuratively1 x might be said !y 7 8eat5 up40 ,& yet ! late ,dr4 ,nehemiah ,adams ( ,bo/on once exclaim$3 8,i believe t ! =ty-two *ildr5 :o made fun ( ! bald head ( ! prophet ( ,god are n[ 9 hell40 ,he once wrote an admirable book entitl$ ,agnes2 or1 ,! ,little ,key1 b he fail$ to f9d ! skeleton key to unlock ! sol> fable ( ! prophet1 ! saucy little *ildr51 & ! voraci\s be>s4 ,)9 ! la/ few mon?s ,philadelphia has be5 ! sc5e ( a mo/ impos+ ecclesia/ical c]emony--! inve/iture ( ! ,roman ,ca?olic ar*bi%op ) ! pallium1 a n>r[ b& or sa% made f wool gr[n ^u :ite lambs t _h be5 bless$ by ! ,pope on ,/4 ,agnes' ,day4 ,we he>d ! eloqu5t s]mon ( ! ar*bi%op ( ,new ,york1 & he comm5c$ 8 plausible disc\rse by trac+ ! pallium to ! mantle t fell f ,elijah ^u ,eli%a1 ! summ] & w9t] sun1 & 0 worn by him aft] ! translation ( ,elijah4 ,b we try our skeleton key1 & f9d t ,elijah repres5t$ ! asc5d+ summ] sun1 & ,eli%a ! sun ( autumn2 & :5 ,elijah ga9$ ! greate/ height1 ( c\rse 8 less5$ rays1 well call$ a 8mantle10 fell ^u ! bald-head$ man repres5t+ ! autumn4 ,?is is ! :ole /ory 9 pla9 language1 & ?is is ! k9d ( /uff t ecclesia/ical man-mill9]y is made (4 ,! cr[d />$ ) admiration & wond]1 j z *ildr5 are amus$ ) _! doll-babies1 :o are 8sick0 or 8well10 8naughty0 or 8good10 accord+ to ! :ims ( ! 8little wom50 :o dress & nurse !m4 ,!re is a doll-baby p]iod 9 e *ild's hi/ory1 & x may be necess>y to h a doll-baby p]iod 9 religion2 b x does seem to "s ( u t x is ab\t "t = full-gr[n wom5 & m5 to d(f _! bibs & aprons1 lay aside _! doll-babies & o!r ecclesia/ical toys1 & act z becomes m5 & wom5 ( full gr[?4 ,ev5 ,paul said1 8,:5 ,i 0 a *ild1 ,i spake z a *ild1 ,i und]/ood z a *ild2 b :5 ,i became a man1 ,i put away *ildi% ?+s40 ,x has be5 well said by a judici\s writ]3 8,intellig5t read]s1 except revelationi/s1 well "k t ! ,hebrew fables are my?s :i* teem ) hi/ory ( a k9d1 if we c only sep>ate ! :eat f ! *aff4 ,s also is ! /ory ( ! ,creation 9 ,g5esis4 ,we h a v valuable my?1 ?\gh a purely phallic tale1 su* z ,ea/ ,indians--& p]haps !y only--c ?or\ghly compreh5d4 8,we w\ld n seek to detract f ! great value ( my?s1 =1 besides _! own intr9sic wor?1 ^! /ories also exhibit to u _m phases ( anci5t life & ?\ght4 ,my?s may be reg>d$ z hi/ory :i* we h n yet be5 able to read4 ,we %\ld n disc>d z untrue or unhi/orical any tale1 biblical or o!r1 z imply+ t x is false & unwor?y ( consid]ation4 ,on ! contr>y1 we _c too e>ne/ly & pati5tly pond] ov] e anci5t tale1 leg5d1 or my?1 z !y all h "s f\ndation & in/ructive lesson4 ,:5ev] an important my? has exi/$ an important fact has d\btless be5 its basis40 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,! ,,fable ,,( ,,! ,,fall 8,& calle? ^? ?+s :i* be n z ?\gh !y 740--,rom4 #d3ag4 ,,! prevail+ belief ( ,*ri/5dom to-day is1 t ab\t six ?\s& ye>s ago1 some:]e 9 ,asia1 ! ,supreme ,creator took common clay & m\ld$ x into ! =m ( a man1 some:at z a sculptor =ms ! model f :i* ! m>ble /atue is to be con/ruct$1 & :5 %ap$ to 8 lik+ he brea!d into ! clay model ! brea? ( life1 & x became a liv+ s\l4 ,?is miracul\s "w is believ$ to h be5 begun & complet$ on a p>ticul> day2 s t 9 ! morn+ ! e>? conta9$ n a man1 b 9 ! aft]noon ! full-gr[n1 be>d$ man /ood up 9 8 maje/y & assum$ supremacy ov] all liv+ ?+s4 ,?is godlike man f9d+ himself lonely1 ! ,creator put him to sleep1 & op5$ 8 side & took !refrom a rib1 out ( :i* he =m$ a woman1 :o 0 to be a companion1 a wife1 to ! man2 & f ?is p>ticul> c\ple h come1 by ord9>y g5]ation1 all ! p dwell+ ^u ! face ( ! e>?4 ,!y are said to h be5 p]fect1 b1 un=tunately = _! prog5y1 ?is p]fection did n long cont9ue4 ,be=e !y 7 ble/ ) (fspr+ !y lo/ _! ,creator's favor by eat+ fruit f a =bidd5 tree1 & became fe>fully demoraliz$1 &1 in/ead ( begett+ *ildr5 end[$ ) _! own angelic qualities1 !y became ! unhappy p>5ts ( a race ( moral mon/]s1 ( :i* we are all degrad$ & deg5]ate desc5dants4 ,! sac]dotal /ory ( ! fall ( ,adam & ,eve is bas$ ^u ! assumption t x is to be receiv$ z lit]al hi/ory1 reveal$ by ! ,creator & writt5 d[n 9 a book by a man specially *os5 & pl5>ily inspir$2 s t !re c be no error or mi/ake 9 ! record4 ,to "q ?is n>rative 9 its lit]al s5se is mo/ impi\s1 & subjects ! d\bt] to ! *>ge ( favor+ infidelity4 ,:ile p]sons 8pr(ess+ & call+ !mselves ,*ri/ians0 _c agree reg>d+ _m ?+s deem$ by !m matt]s ( vital importance1 ! fall ( man is a matt] 9 :i* !y are fully agre$4 ,! great basic dogma :i* und]lies all mod]n sy/ems ( !ology1 ,romi% & ,prote/ant1 is ! utt] depravity ( ! human race ?r\gh ! fall ( ,adam1 doom+ a l>ge majority ( ! human family to et]nal puni%m5t4 ,h[ evil came into ! _w has be5 ! mo/ p]plex+ problem ( ! ages4 ,be=e x ! mo/ gigantic m9ds h be5 cov]$ ) confusion & p>alyz$ ) d\bt4 ,:y s9 & suff]+ %\ld h be5 p]mitt$1 n to say creat$1 has nev] be5 made cle> to ! human reason by any sy/em ( !ology1 ,romi% or ,prote/ant4 ,a few ye>s ago ,dr4 ,edw>d ,bee*] publi%$ a book entitl$ ,! ,conflict ( ,ages4 ,:5 review$ by ,dr4 ,*>les ,hodge 9 ! ,pr9ceton ,review he entitl$ 8 pap] 8,bee*]'s ,conflict20 b x 0 rightly call$ ,! ,conflict ( ,ages2 x 0 n 8,bee*]'s ,conflict10 & ! explanation giv5 by !ology only involves ! "q 9 great] d\bt & difficulty4 ,f ! fir/ dawn+ ( human reason1 ev5 9 ! m9d ( inquisitive *ildhood1 que/ions l ^! h be5 revolv$1 if n =mulat$3 ,did n ,god "k1 :5 he made ,adam & ,eve1 t !y w\ld fall8 ,:y1 !n1 did he create !m8 ,:y did he create a subtle s]p5t to tempt !m8 ,:y did he create a tree ! fruit ( :i* 0 =bidd58 ,:y did he make ! possible ev]la/+ ru9 ( innum]able unborn mortals dep5d on su* a trivial act z ! eat+ ( a c]ta9 apple8 ,:y did he n de/roy ,adam & ,eve aft] _! fir/ act ( disob$i5ce1 & ?us prev5t !m f propagat+ a fai?less prog5y1 :i* %\ld increase 9 geometrical progression until ! numb] %\ld be s great z to exhau/ calculation ) we>9ess1 /agg] reason itself1 & transc5d ev5 ! p[]s ( ! l(tie/ imag9ation to conceive8 ,:y are ! teem+ millions ( ! *ildr5 ( ,adam held virtually responsible = ?is s+le trivial act ( disob$i5ce by an unkn[n remote ance/or myriads ( ages ago8 ,h[ c\ld all m5 s9 9 him & fall ) him 9 ! fir/ transgression8 ,h[ c\ld ! guilt ( ,adam's s9 be imput$ to 8 *ildr58 ,! circum/ances connect$ ) ! degradation ( man are s extraord9>y t x is n unreasonable to inquire :e!r ! n>rative ( ! fall is a matt] ( sup]natural revelation bas$ ^u an hi/oric occurr5ce1 or :e!r x is purely my?ical1 portray+ ! conceptions ( ! human m9d z to ! orig9 ( evil at "s remote p]iod ( ! _w's *ildhood4 ,= ! support ( ! dogma ( total depravity ?r\gh ! fall ( ,adam !ologians rely prim>ily ^u ! acc\nt 9 ! book ( ,g5esis4 ,x is a notable fact t ,adam & ,eve are n hi/orically recogniz$ 9 any o!r portion ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 & _! v exi/5ce 0 totally ignor$ by ! ,tea*] ( ,naz>e?1 if ! ,gospels said to conta9 ! only report ( 8 tea*+s are to be cr$it$4 ,nobody pret5ds t ,moses1 ! d\btful au?or ( ! ,p5tateu*1 wrote f p]sonal k2 b x is claim$ t he wrote "u inspiration ( ,god1 ?\gh !re is n a s+le intimation 9 ,g5esis or any o!r book t he 0 s inspir$1 or t ,god _h any?+ m to d ) 8 writ+s ?an he _h ) ! writ+s ( ,hom]1 ,h]odotus1 or ,john ,milton4 ,b ! assumption t ! dogma ( ! fall ?r\gh ! s9 ( ,adam 0 fir/ reveal$ to ,moses--at mo/ n m !n eight or n9e hundr$ ye>s be=e ! ,*ri/ian era--is pla9ly explod$ by ! fact t ?is /ory exi/$ among _m nations c5turies & c5turies be=e ,moses is said to h be5 born or ! writ+ call$ ,g5esis exi/$4 ,x is n )9 ! l9es ( our g5]al purpose to "h give 9 detail ! num]\s leg5ds--sub/antially ! same1 ?\gh diff]+ 9 p>ticul>s--reg>d+ ! introduction ( s9 into ?is _w1 f\nd 9 ! writ+s ( ,h9doos1 ,p]sians1 ,etruscans1 ,phnicians1 ,babylonians1 ,*aldeans1 ,egyptians1 ,?ibetans1 & o!rs4 ,any man :o w\ld n[ d>e to d5y ?is /atem5t reg>d+ ! preval5ce ( ! /ory ( ! fall c5turies be=e ! writ+ ( ,g5esis exi/$ w\ld ju/ly subject himself to ! *>ge ( ignorance or di%one/y4 ,dr4 ,inman /ates t ,adam is ! ,phallus & ,eve ! ,yoni--9 o!r words1 t ,adam & ,eve signify ! same idea z ,abraham & ,s>a1 ,jacob & ,leah1 man & woman2 ?us embody+ 9 ! ,hebrew ! ,h9doo notion t all ?+s sprang f ,mahadeva & 8 ,sacti1 my lady ,s>a4 ,?is d$uction enables u at once to recognize1 z did ! e>ly ,*ri/ians1 ! my?ical "* ( ! acc\nt ( ! fall2 & we mu/ conclude t ! /ory means t ! male & female liv$ happily toge!r s long z ea* 0 )\t passion = ! o!r1 b t :5 a union took place betwe5 !m ! woman suff]$ all ! mis]ies insep>able f pregnancy1 & ! man _h to toil = a family1 :]eas he _h previ\sly only ?\ght ( himself4 ,! s]p5t is ! emblem ( 8desire10 indicat$ by ! man & recogniz$ by ! woman4 8,!re is a /rik+ resemblance betwe5 ! ,h9doo & ,hebrew my?s4 ,! fir/ tells u t ,mahadeva 0 ! prim>y ,be+1 & f him arose ! #8,sacti4' ,! second makes ,adam ! orig9al1 & ,eve ! product ( 8 "r side--an idea :i* is readily recognizable 9 ! ^w ,b5jam94 ,aft] ! creation1 ! ,egyptian1 ,v$ic1 & ,jewi% /ories all place ! woman beside a citron or pomegranate tree1 or "o be>+ bo? fruits2 ne> ?is is a cobra or asp1 ! emblem ( male desire1 because ^! s]p5ts c inflate or erect !mselves at w40 ,g5]al ,=long ?us disc\rses ^u ?is subject3 8,mo/ cosmogonies relate a phallic tale ( two individuals ,adam & ,eve1 meet+ 9 a g>d5 ( delight 7,gan-,ed571 & !n be+ s$uc$ by a s]p5t ,ar 7,ar-i-man71 ,hoa1 ,op1 or ,orus1 to p]=m ! g5]ative act1 :i* x is taught l$ to s9 & tr\ble1 & ?is long be=e we he> ( a spiritual god or ( sol> deities4 ,^! cosmogonies n>rate a conte/ betwe5 man & ,nature1 9 :i* ! =m] fell1 & mu/ ev] fall1 = ! laws ( ,sol & 8 seasons none c resi/40444 8,! ,jews le>n$ mo/ ( _! fai? & fables f ! great peoples ( ! ,ea/2 especially did !y get ! two cosmogonies1 & t sol> fable1 mix$ ) tru?1 ( a s]p5t tempt+ a woman ) ! fruit ( a tree1 ( c\rse 9 ! fad+ or autumnal equ9ox1 :5 only fruit exi/s & all creation tries to save itself by %ield+ all ! /ores ( nature f ! fi]ce onslaughts ( angry ,typhon :5 ent]+ on 8 dre>y w9t]4 ,! ,gan-,ed5 fable 0 cle>ly an attempt by ,zoroa/rians to expla9 to outsid]s ! difficult philosophical problem ( ! orig9 ( man & ( good & evil4 ,mi?ras1 !y said--& ! ,jews foll[$ suit--is ! good ,god1 ! inc>nation ( ,god1 :o dwells 9 ! beaute\s orb ( day2 to :i* ,*ri/ian ,jews add$ t he 0 born ( a virg9 9 a cave :i* he illum9at$40 8,! tree ( life m5tion$ 9 ,g54 #c3 #bb c]ta9ly appe>s10 says ,mr4 ,smi? 7,*al4 ,acct1 p4 #hh71 8to correspond to ! sacr$ grove ( ,anu1 :i* a lat] fragm5t ( ! creation-tablets /ates 0 gu>d$ by a sword turn+ to all ! f\r po9ts ( ! compass2 & !re too we h allusions to a ?ir/ = k1 hav+ be5 ! cause ( man's fall2 ! gods curse ! dragon & ,adam = ! transgression4 ,?is ,adam 0 "o ( ! ,zalmat-qaqadi1 or d>k m51 creat$ by ,hea or ,n9-,si-ku1 a "n po9t+ to ,hea be+ a ,n9 or ,creator1 :ile ,adam is call$ ,adami or ,admi1 ! pres5t ,ea/]n t]m = man & ! l+am1 & no prop] "n40 ,! impression t ,i get f ! leg5ds ( ,izdub>1 or ! ,flood1 or ev5 ! creation-tablets1 is simply t ^! 7 religi\s revivals4 ,ne>ly e illu/ration ( ,mr4 ,smi?'s la/ volume %[s ! s]p5t z an evil influ5ce4 ,n[1 if ,i am "r--& all ,i h read else:]e t5ds to ! same conclusion--!n all ! tales z to a temptation by a s]p5t1 a fall1 are phallo-py?ic transmutations ( fai?1 & h no m connection ) ! fir/ creation ( man ^u e>? ?an h ! flood1 ! ark1 or m\nta9-wor%ip ( ,jews 9 ! des]t1 or ! de/ruction ( ,py?o by ,apollo 9 ! e>ly days ( ,delphi1 etc4 8,! tree & s]p5t10 says ,f]gusson1 8are symboliz$ 9 e religi\s sy/em :i* ! _w has kn[n1 n except+ ! ,hebrew & ,*ri/ian1 ,! two toge!r are typical ( ! reproductive p[]s ( vegetable & animal life4 ,x is unc]ta9 :e!r ! ,jewi% tree ( life 0 borr[$ f ! ,egyptians or ,*aldeans2 b ! mean+ 0 9 bo? cases ! same1 & we "k t ! ,assyrian tree 0 a life-giv+ div9ity4 ,& ,moses1 or ! writ] ( ,g5esis1 has repres5t$ v mu* ! same 9 8 coil$ s]p5t & love-apples1 or citrons1 ( ! tree ( life4 8,! writ] ( ,g5esis probably drew 8 idea ( ! two trees1 t ( life & t ( k1 f ,egyptian & ,zoroa/rian /ory2 = criticism n[ assigns a comp>atively late date to ! writ+ ( ! fir/ ,p5tateu*al book4 ,aft] ,g5esis no fur!r notice is tak5 9 ! ,bible ( ! tree ( k4 ,b t ( life1 or ! tree :i* gives life1 seems sev]al times allud$ to1 especially 9 ,rev4 #b3 #g4 ,! l+am or pill> is ! ,ea/]n "n = ! tree :i* gives life4 ,b :5 ?is tree became cov]$ ) ! inscriptions ( all ! pa/ ages1 z 9 ,egypt1 !n ,to?1 ! ,pill>1 came to be call$ ! tree ( k40 ,b x mu/ n be suppos$ t all ,*ri/ian !ologians ( ! pres5t day hold ! hi/orical & lit]al tru? ( ! leg5d ( ! fall ( ,adam4 ,9 sev]al ( ! public libr>ies ( ,philadelphia may be f\nd a book entitl$ ,beg9n+s ( ,hi/ory1 writt5 by a le>n$ pr(essor ( ,ar*aeology at ! ,national ,libr>y ( ,france--,pr(essor ,franois ,l5ormant4 ,x 0 republi%$ by ,scribn]1 ,new ,york1 9 #ahhf1 ) an introduction by ,francis ,br[n1 associate pr(essor ( ,biblical ,philology 9 ! ,presbyt]ian ,union ,!ological ,sem9>y ( ,new ,york4 ,x is writt5 f a ,*ri/ian /&po9t1 & ! writ] is a firm def5d] ( ! infallibility ( ! ,hebrew ,scriptures1 & c nev] be suspect$ ( hav+ any sympa?y ) mod]n rationalism4 ,he n only admits t ! ,ed5ic /ory ( ! introduction ( s91 f\nd 9 ,g5esis1 is a compilation made up f ! ,%emitic traditions ( ,babylonians1 ,phnicians1 & o!r pagan peoples1 b he has cov]$ page aft] page ) pro(s ( ?is fact by le>n$ & accurate quotations f _! num]\s leg5ds4 ,he puts 9 ! common plea ( lawy]s1 kn[n z confession & avoidance1 & takes ! gr\nd t 8! writ] ( ! ,hebrew ,g5esis took ^! fables f float+ tradition z he f\nd !m1 & cleans$ !m ( _! impurities1 alt]$ _! poly!i/ic t5d5cies1 made !m mono!i/ic1 & o!rwise s trans=m$ !m z to make !m fit vehicles ( spiritual in/ruction by ! ,div9e ,_s :i* inspir$ him40 ,?is is an +5i\s device1 b x w h>dly satisfy s\nd ?9k]s4 ,! "q is1 :e!r ! /ory ( ,adam is hi/orical tru? or pagan fiction4 ,! highe/ s*ol>%ip pron\nces x fiction1 :ile c]ta9 or?odox writ]s admit ! fact 8t ,god us$ prevail+ b unreal fancies to tea* important tru?s40 ,! docum5t 9 :i* ! /ory ( ! fall is f\nd is a confus$1 inconsi/5t1 & absurd compilation by at lea/ two diff]5t writ]s1 repres5t+ ea* a diff]5t ,god1 ,jehovah & ,elohim1 ! writ]s contradict+ ea* o!r 9 _m p>ticul>s2 & ?is feet is admitt$ by c&id ,*ri/ian writ]s1 & by none m frankly ?an ! late ,dean ,/anley ( ! ,engli% ,e/abli%m5t4 ,! fir/ acc\nt ( creation ends at ! ?ird v]se ( ,g54 #b1 & ! second acc\nt beg9s ) ! f\r? v]se & closes ) ! end ( t *apt]4 ,9 ! fir/ acc\nt ! man & woman are creat$ toge!r on ! six? & la/ day ( creation 7,g54 #a3bh74 ,9 ! second acc\nt ! bea/s & birds are creat$ aft] ! creation ( ! man & be=e ! creation ( ! woman2 & x 0 n until aft] ,adam _h exam9$ & nam$ all ! bea/s ( ! fields1 & _h fail$ to f9d among ! apes1 *impanzees1 & ourangs a suitable companion = himself1 t ,eve 0 made f "o ( ,adam's ribs1 tak5 f 8 primeval anatomy :ile "u ! influ5ce ( a div9e anae/hetic 7,g54 #b3g1 #h1 #ae1 #bb74 ,9 ! fir/ acc\nt man 0 made on ! la/ day1 & woman 0 made at ! same "t2 9 ! second acc\nt man 0 made aft] ! plants & h]bs1 b be=e fruit trees1 bea/s1 & birds4 ,s x w\ld seem t1 inasmu* z woman 0 made aft] all ?+s1 %e 0 an aft]?\ght1 a sort ( necess>y evil = ! solace & com=t ( man4 ,^! contradictions run ?r\gh ! :ole ( ! fir/ & second *apt]s ( ,g5esis1 & pla9ly %[ t ^! n>ratives 7 compil$ by two diff]5t p]sons f vague traditions or f diff]5t writt5 docum5ts4 ,_h ! ,creator und]tak5 to write or dictate an acc\nt ( 8 own "w1 he c]ta9ly w\ld n h contradict$ himself six times )9 ! limit ( a few l9es4 ,! cr$ibility ( ! docum5t 9 :i* is f\nd ! acc\nt ( ! fall is fur!r impair$ by ! fact t x conta9s /atem5ts op5ly at v>iance ) ! demon/rations ( sci5ce4 ,x tea*es n only t ! _w 0 made 9 six days ( tw5ty-f\r h\rs ea*1 b t ! :ole planet>y sy/em 0 made 9 a s+le day4 8,he made ! />s also40 ,! discov]ies ( mod]n sci5ce h lately driv5 our sac]dotali/s to a new & absurd int]pretation ( ! /ory ( creation by alleg+ t ! six days spok5 ( 7 n p]iods ( tw5ty-f\r h\rs ea*1 b six indef9ite p]iods ( v long duration4 ,b x w\ld be easy to furni% num]\s admissions ( or?odox s*ol>s t ! six days ( ! creative week 7 int5d$ by ! writ]s to describe ord9>y days1 ( tw5ty-f\r h\rs ea*1 & n indef9ite p]iods4 ,any o!r int]pretation ,pr(essor ,hit*cock has pron\nc$ 8=c$ & unnatural1 & !re=e n to be adopt$ )\t a v urg5t necessity40 ,! v5]able ,moses ,/u>t1 long pr(essor ( ,biblical ,lit]ature 9 ! ,&ov] ,!ological ,sem9>y1 says3 8,:5 ! sacr$ writ] 9 ,g54 #a says ! fir/ day1 ! second day1 etc41 !re c be no possible d\bt--none1 ,i mean1 = a philologi/1 let a geologi/ ?9k z he may--t a def9ite day ( ! week is meant4 ,:at puts ?is beyond all "q10 ! le>n$ !ologian adds1 8is t ! writ] says specifically #8! ev5+ & ! morn+ 7 ! fir/ day1' #8! second day1' etc4 ,n[1 is an ev5+ & a morn+ a p]iod ( "s ?\s&s ( ye>s8444 ,if ,moses has giv5 u an errone\s acc\nt ( ! creation1 s be x4 ,let x come out & let u h ! :ole tru?40 ,! fact is1 t ! indef9ite-p]iod hypo!sis does n1 aft] all ! quirks & special plead+s1 ov]come ! difficulty4 ,! "q arises1 ,:y six indef9ite p]iods8 ,"o indef9ite p]iod is z long z six or sixty4 ,!re is no?+ 9 geology to indicate six p]iods4 ,"o ne$ only consid] ! attempt to reconcile ,g5esis & geology to pla9ly see t ! ,mosaic record 0 int5d$ to be tak5 9 its obvi\s s5se4 ,! =c$ int]pretations put ^u ! ,hebrew /ory to make x appe> to be hi/orical & lit]al tru? make x m absurd ?an x w\ld o!rwise appe>4 ,?9k ( ,adam creat$ 7accord+ to "o acc\nt7 on ! second day1 & ,eve on ! six? day1 & !n accept ! hypo!sis t ^! creative days repres5t indef9ite p]iods ( ?\s&s1 if n millions1 ( ye>s to ea* day1 s t f\r indef9ite p]iods ( ?\s&s ( ye>s pass$ away be=e ,adam _h 8 ,eve to be 8 helpmeet1 & :at a long1 lonely "t he mu/ h _h6 ,!n h[ small ! human c5sus mu/ h be5 = unnumb]$ ages1 & h[ /range ! fact t ! same writ] says t ,adam 8liv$ n9e hundr$ & ?irty ye>s1 & he di$20 t is to say1 he di$ sev]al hundr$ ?\s& ye>s be=e ! rib 0 tak5 f 8 side to make him a wife6 ,b ! fact mu/ be emphasiz$ t x is q useless to criticise ! s-call$ ,mosaic n>rative ( ! fall1 because x is ackn[l$g$ to be a huge my? or allegory by ! be/ s*ol>%ip ( mod]n times4 ,! ,*ri/ian au?or ( ! ,beg9n+s ( ,hi/ory has ) pr(\nd rese>* actually produc$ & pr9t$ ! /ories ( _m anci5t peoples 9 contra/ ) ! n>rative 9 ,g5esis4 ,he says 9 ! preface to 8 book3 8,?is is ! problem :i* ,i h be5 l$ to exam9e 9 comp>+ ! n>rations ( ! ,sacr$ ,book ) ^? curr5t long ages be=e ! "t ( ,moses among nations ^: civilization dat$ back into ! remote pa/1 ) :om ,israel 0 surr\nd$1 f among :om x came out4 ,z f> z ,i myself am conc]n$1 ! conclusion f ?is /udy is n d\btful4 ,t :i* we read 9 ! fir/ *apt] ( ,g5esis is n an acc\nt dictat$ by ,god himself1 ! possession ( :i* 0 ! exclusive privilege ( ! *os5 p4 ,x is a tradition ^: orig9 is lo/ 9 ! night ( ! remote/ ages1 & :i* all ! great nations ( ,we/]n ,asia possess$ 9 common1 ) "s v>iations4 ,! v =m giv5 x 9 ! ,bible is s closely relat$ to t :i* has be5 lately discov]$ 9 ,babylon & ,*aldea1 x foll[s s exactly ! same c\rse1 t x is q impossible = me to d\bt any long]4 ,! s*ool ( ,alex&ria 9 g5]al1 & ,orig5 9 p>ticul>1 9 ! fir/ c5turies ( ! ,*ur* int]pret$ ! fir/ *apt]s ( ,g5esis 9 ! allegorical s5se2 9 ! sixte5? c5tury ! great ,c>d9al ,cajetan reviv$ ?is sy/em1 &1 bold z x may appe>1 x has nev] be5 ! object ( any ecclesia/ical c5sure40 ,x is well und]/ood among m5 ( le>n+ t ! :ole /ory ( ,ed51 ! talk+ s]p5t1 & ! s9n+ woman is a my?1 & t all nations ( sun-wor%ipp]s h _h sub/antially ! same leg5d1 & _! prie/s1 poets1 & philosoph]s h n hesitat$ to ackn[l$ge among !mselves its fabul\s "*4 ,t e>ly ,jewi% & ,*ri/ian writ]s freely admitt$ ! allegorical "* ( ! n>rative ascrib$ to ,moses is well kn[n4 ,maimonides1 a le>n$ ,jewi% rabbi1 said3 8,"o ought n to und]/& nor take accord+ to ! lett] t :i* is writt5 9 ! ,book ( ! ,creation1 nor h ! ideas conc]n+ x t mo/ m5 h1 o!rwise our anci5t sages w\ld n h recomm5d$ u to c>efully conceal ! s5se ( x1 & on no acc\nt to raise ! allegorical veil :i* conceals ! tru? x conta9s4 ,tak5 accord+ to ! lett]1 ?is "w gives ! mo/ absurd & extravagant idea ( div9ity4 ,:oev] %all discov] ! true s5se ( x ought to be c>eful n to divulge x40 ,philo1 ! great ,jewi% au?ority1 took ! same gr\nd1 & wrote ma9ly to %[ ! allegorical "* ( all ! sacr$ books4 ,josephus held simil> views1 & s did ,papias & _m ( ! e>ly ,*ri/ian ,fa!rs4 ,orig5 said3 8,:at man ( good s5se w ev] p]suade himself t !re 0 a fir/1 second1 & a ?ird day1 & t ^! days _h ea* _! morn+ & ev5+ )\t ! n-yet-exi/+ sun1 moon1 & />s8 ,:at man suffici5tly simple to believe t ,god1 act+ ! "p ( a g>d5]1 plant$ a g>d5 9 ! ,ea/--t ! #8tree ( life' 0 a real tree1 evid5t to ! s5ses1 ^: fruit _h ! virtue ( pres]v+ life80 etc4 ,/4 ,augu/9e held ! same views z to ! allegorical "* ( ! s-call$ ,mosaic acc\nt ( ! creation & fall1 & s did ,t]tullian1 ,clem5t1 & ,ambrose4 ,"s ( ! e>ly ,*ri/ian au?orities c>ri$ ?is idea ( ! allegorical "* ( ! ,scriptures s f> z to apply x to ! ,gospels !mselves4 8,!re are ?+s !re90 7said ,orig57 8:i*1 tak5 9 _! lit]al s5se1 are m]e falsities & lies20 & ,/4 ,gregory ass]t$ ( ! lett] ( ,scripture t 8x is n only dead1 b deadly20 :ile ,a?anasius admoni%$ u t 8%\ld we und]/& ,sacr$ ,writ accord+ to ! lett] we %\ld fall into ! mo/ enorm\s blasphemies40 ,x seems to h be5 fully realiz$ 9 e>ly times t !re 0 no rational way to int]pret ,moses & 8 writ+s b ^u ! allegorical hypo!sis4 ,z ! ,mosaic acc\nt ( ! creation & ! fall ( man is s evid5tly ! same /ory t 0 sugge/$ to ! ,p]sians & o!r nations by ! a/ronomical ph5om5a1 we are =c$ to ! conclusion t ?is is ! only key to unlock ! my/]ies ( ! fir/ ?ree *apt]s ( ,g5esis4 ,if ! orig9al /ory is kn[n to h be5 f\nd$ ^u ! anci5t a/rological religion1 ! sub/antial copy 9 our ,jewi% ,scriptures mu/ h ! same basis4 ,all ! anci5t religions _h _! ,cabala--secret words & initiations--& ! ,jewi% & ,*ri/ian ,scriptures are no exceptions1 z is se5 ^u _! v surface4 ,we may n h all _! secrets--"s ( !m may n be prop] ?+s to write ab\t 9 our day--b no fair man ( intellig5ce c successfully d5y t _m ( ^? ?+s :i* are absurd if tak5 = hi/orical tru? are at once expla9$ by ref]5ce to ! sol> cults ( ! anci5ts4 ,_m !ologians h virtually admitt$ t !re is no?+ injuri\s to ! int]e/s ( true religion 9 ! hypo!sis "h pres5t$1 b1 on ! contr>y1 !re is mu* t is truly beautiful & calculat$ to elevate & inspire ! dev\t m9d4 ,ev5 ! di/+ui%$ ,alb]tus1 ( ! twelf? ,*ri/ian c5tury1 surnam$ ! ,great = 8 atta9m5ts z a s*ola/ic ecclesia/ic1 did n hesitate to write3 8,all ! my/]ies ( ! inc>nation ( our ,savi\r ,*ri/1 & all ! circum/ances ( 8 m>vell\s life f 8 conception to 8 asc5sion1 are to be trac$ out 9 ! con/ellations & are figur$ 9 ! />s40 8,! ,gospel 9 ! ,/>s0 0 ! significant adv]tisem5t ( a c\rse ( s]mons rec5tly deliv]$ 9 a prom95t ,lu!ran *ur* 9 ,philadelphia by a le>n$ doctor ( div9ity1 &1 ?\gh _m ( 8 he>]s ?\ght t ! title %\ld h be5 8,! ,/>s 9 ! ,gospel10 x 0 c]ta9ly an evid5ce ( progress & increas+ light to h a frank admission f su* a s\rce t all ! tru?s ( ! gospel & ! doctr9es ( ! ,re=mation 7 prefigur$ 9 ! cele/ial heav5s & illu/rat$ 9 ! con/ellations ( ! sol> zodiac4 ,?is au?or admits ! id5tity betwe5 ! t5ets ( ! a/ro-!ology ( anci5t sun-wor%ipp]s & ! pres5t dom9ant !ology ( ,*ri/5dom1 b assumes t ! orig9al con/ruction ( ! cele/ial heav5s & its fanciful division into con/ellations _h ref]5ce to1 & 9 fact prefigur$1 :at 0 lit]ally fulfill$ 9 ,*ri/ianity4 ,he f9ds 9 ! sol> zodiac ( ,esne 9 ,egypt z cle> pr$ictions ( ! com+ ( ,*ri/ z he f9ds 9 ,isaiah or any o!r ,jewi% prophet4 ,?us1 he 8gives away0 ! :ole argum5t1 & unwitt+ly admits ! natural orig9 ( all ! di/9ctive t5ets ( mod]n dogmatic !ology4 ,?is la/ craze may well be reg>d$ z a comp\nd ( sci5tific trifl+ & !ological1 moon%9e4 ,b x is said by !ologians t man is deprav$1 & t ! pres5t moral /atus ( humanity confirms ! dogma ( total depravity by desc5t ?r\gh fall5 & deprav$ ance/ors4 ,?is involves ! "q1 ,:at is depravity8 ,t man is n p]fect 9 morality is z true z t he is n p]fect 9 body nor 9 m5tality4 ,b does n e "o "k by 8 own exp]i5ce & obs]vation t human %ortcom+s ma9ly arise f a want ( p]fect developm5t & ! influ5ce ( environm5t1 r ?an f ess5tial1 innate vici\sness8 ,:at is call$ 8s90 %\ld be kn[n z 8undevelopm5t10 &1 z real z is ! law ( h]$ity1 x is no m real ?an ! law ( environm5t4 ,:]e !re is evid5ce ( h]$it>y evil t5d5cies x is n necess>y to g back m ?an two or ?ree g5]ations to f9d ! s\rce4 ,b ! fact mu/ "h be emphasiz$ & cont9ually kept 9 m9d t ! /ory ( ,ed5 & ! fall is sub/antially f\nd 9 ! annals ( _m nations ant]ior to ! exi/5ce ( ! ,jewi% tribes1 v>i$ only 9 trivial matt]s4 ,! /ory ( ! s]p5t 9 ,ed5 is probably ( ,aryan s\rce1 to :i* ! conception ( ! satanic orig9 ( evil 0 atta*$ aft] ! ,jews came into close contact ) ,p]sian duali/ic ideas4 ,to d\bt :i* 0 ! orig9al & :i* ! copy1 %[s1 reg>d+ ! well-e/abli%$ facts ( hi/ory1 a want ( in=mation s great z to make argum5t on ?is matt] q useless4 ,! conclusion is inevitable t if ! fall ( ,adam is a fiction1 !n ! entire sy/em ( evangelical !ology is bas$ ^u a fiction2 & ! fruit mu/ be natural to ! tree--a fictiti\s tree c only be> fictiti\s fruit4 ,or?odox !ologians1 especially ( ! logical ,presbyt]ian /amp1 realize t if !y give up ,adam & ,eve z prog5itors ( ! entire human race1 !y give up ! v f\ndation-/ones ( ! 8r$emptive s*eme40 ,?is acc\nts = ,presbyt]ian opposition to ! doctr9e ( evolution4 ,!y are logical en\gh to see t ! second ,adam z a ,savi\r 9 ! evangelical s5se mu/ %>e ! fate ( ! fir/ ,adam2 & s ,pr(essor ,woodr[ ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a has rec5tly be5 degrad$ on acc\nt ( 8 !ory ( evolution4 ,! _w moves1 &1 z ,pr(essor ,m>% ( ,yale ,college has well said1 8,! doctr9e ( evolution is z ?or\ghly demon/rat$ z ! ,cop]nican sy/em ( a/ronomy40 ,9 ! ,popul> ,sci5ce ,mon?ly = ,octob]1 #ahij1 we h a v able article f ,&rew ,d4 ,:ite1 ,,ll4,d41 ex-presid5t ( ,cornell ,univ]sity1 %[+ h[ completely sci5ce contradicts !ology 9 reg>d to ! ,ed5ic /ory4 ,he %[s t ! t5d5cy ( ! race has always be5 upw>d f l[ beg9n+s4 ,he fur!r %[s t ,ar*bi%op ,:ately & ! ,duke ( ,argyll *ampion$ ! ,bible /ory1 b 7 s conclusively answ]$ by ,sir ,john ,lubbock & ,tylor t ! views ( ! ar*bi%op 7 se5 to be unt5able1 :ile ! duke1 z an hone/ man & a s\nd ?9k]1 0 oblig$ to give up 8 =m] views & adopt ! sci5tific !ory4 ,! light ?r[n ^u ?is subject by ,h]b]t ,sp5c]1 ,buckle1 ,max ,mll]1 & scores ( o!r great s*ol>s is among ! glories ( ! c5tury n[ end+4 ,! public decl>ation ( ! celebrat$ ,von ,m>tius1 ( 8 conv]sion to ! sci5tific view ( ! /ory ( ! ,fall1 ought to make small] m5 less confid5t ( _! views on a subject !y h nev] /udi$4 ,9 #ahge1 ,commodore ,v&]bilt end[$ a univ]sity 9 ,t5nessee1 & x 0 put 9 *>ge ( ! ,me?odi/s4 ,dr4 ,alex&] ,w9*ell 0 call$ to ! *air ( ,geology4 ,he 0 di/+ui%$ 9 8 specialty by 8 successful labors 9 ano!r univ]sity4 ,he op5ly taught 8t man exi/$ be=e ! p]iod assign$ to ,adam1 & t all ! human race c\ld n h desc5d$ f ,adam40 ,! ,me?odi/ bi%op told him 8t su* views 7 contr>y to ! plan ( r$emption40 ,! ,me?odi/ ,conf]5ce resolv$ 8t !y w\ld h no m ( ?is10 & ,pr(essor ,w9*ell 0 summ>ily dismiss$ f ! *air1 & ! position1 ) its sal>y1 assign$ to ano!r4 ,! ,/ate ,univ]sity ( ,mi*igan recall$ him to 8 =m] *air 9 t in/itution1 :]e he c\ld tea* sci5ce reg>dless ( ! impot5t ?und]s ( !ology4 ,! fall ( ,adam is really ! pivotal pr9ciple 9 dogmatic !ology ( ! or?odox v>iety4 ,if ! entire human race are n desc5dants ( a real1 g5u9e1 hi/orical pair miracul\sly creat$ 7a pair almo/ div9e 9 p]fections71 & :o by disob$i5ce fell f _! high e/ate1 & by _! f$]al or repres5tative "* involv$ all _! c\ntless desc5dants by natural g5]ation & desc5t 9 ! same ru91--if ^! ?+s are n true1 !n :at is call$ ! evangelical s*eme is bas$ ^u a fiction1 & is to be s treat$1 reg>dless ( ! effect ^u o!r !ological doctr9es4 ,! dogma ( a sudd51 special creation ( a p]fect man is n su/a9$ by ! facts ( hi/ory nor ! sci5ce ( palaeontology4 ,sci5tific inve/igators f9d man1 s f> z ! evid5ce ( 8 remote exi/5ce c be trac$1 v ne>ly alli$ to apes2 & !re is abundant evid5ce to %[ t man has be5 improv+ 9 e respect z ye>s & cycles ( ye>s h roll$ away4 ,x is ?us absolutely demon/rat$ t ! hi/ory ( our race %[s ! rise or asc5t ( man f a v l[ e/ate1 in/ead ( 8 8fall0 f a condition ( high p]fection4 ,b x does n foll[1 because man z we fir/ f9d him 0 v mu* l ! an?ropoid ape1 t he is a l9eal desc5dant ( ! ape4 ,! m rational hypo!sis is1 t bo? apes & man 7 evolv$ f /ill l[] animal =ms by div]g5t l9es1 s t !re is a relation ( a v di/ant c\s9%ip exi/+ betwe5 !m4 ,!re is _m a fool-born je/ ab\t man & ! monkey1 (t repeat$ by adcapt&um !ologians :o h nev] read ,d>w9's ,orig9 ( ,species nor 8 ,desc5t ( ,man1 & :o !re=e d n "k t !re is no?+ 9 ^! writ+s to ju/ify su* c>icatures4 ,! fact is1 ! evolution ( man by sl[ & long-cont9u$ processes1 in/ead ( 8 sudd5 miracul\s creation on a c]ta9 day1 is n[ z well e/abli%$ z ! law ( gravitation1 9 ! judgm5t ( sci5ti/s :o are n hamp]$ & bl9d$ by preconceiv$ !ological dogmas4 ,x _c be d5i$ t ! weight ( sci5tific te/imony is v l>gely 9 favor ( ! developm5t ( man1 in/ead ( a miracul\s & complete creation at a p>ticul> p]iod ( "t4 ,! true gr\nd w be f\nd to be creation by evolution2 & if our purbl9d sac]dotali/s _h accept$ ?is doctr9e1 z ! brighte/ ( !m h privately done1 !y w\ld h sav$ !mselves ! disgrace ( becom+ ! laugh+-/ock ( ! sci5tific _w4 ,if man 0 br\ght to 8 pres5t high e/ate by a sy/em ( evolution1 x is no less ! "w ( ! ,supreme ,creator ( ! univ]se ?an if he _h be5 made f clay 9 an in/ant ( "t2 & if ! "* ( man1 m5tally & morally1 is admitt$ to be bas$ on ! degree ( 8 developm5t1 x w\ld solve _m a knotty "q 9 !ology & morals4 ,at any rate1 ! evolution hypo!sis has _m advantages ov] ! ,*ur* dogma1 manife/ly f\nd$ on a pagan fable4 ,! fact is1 sac]dotali/s h always be5 _! own wor/ enemies1 & h always be5 defeat$ 9 _! battles ) sci5ce & a true philosophy4 ,x is n int5d$ to ignore ! fact t leg5ds ( a p>adisiacal p]iod1 a real 8gold5 age10 are f\nd among all anci5t peoples1 also ( p]iods ( g5]al demoralization2 b ^! leg5ds c easily be acc\nt$ =4 ,x is a natural in/9ct 9 man to praise ! pa/1 & to ?9k t 8! =m] times 7 bett] ?an ! pres5t40 ,we see ?is among ag$ m5 & wom5 to-day4 ,!n x is well kn[n t ! /ream ( human hi/ory has nev] run 9 an unbrok5 *annel4 ,our race has ev] _h its 8ups & d[ns10 &1 comp>atively speak+1 mank9d has _h _m falls & asc5ts1 :ile ! g5]al or ultimate t5d5cy & result h be5 asc5d+ high] & high]4 ,moreov]1 ! gold5 age ( ,adam 9 ,ed5 mu/ h be5 v %ort1 accord+ to ! fable ( ,g5esis1 z ! fall occurr$ be=e he _h any *ildr54 ,:at a pity t ,adam & ,eve c\ld n h ma9ta9$ _! innoc5ce by bl9d ob$i5ce until at lea/ a son & daught] c\ld h be5 born to !m6 ,?is may be consid]$ irrev]5t1 b ev]ybody kn[s t1 outside ( ! pulpit & ! ,sun-day-s*ool1 ! /ory ( ,adam & ,eve is h>dly ev] m5tion$ except z a huge joke1 & t witty prea*]s (t5 take "p 9 laugh+ at x4 ,x is difficult to write ab\t a fiction o!rwise ?an faceti\sly4 ,i _c refra9 f aga9 quot+ ,pr(essor ,huxley 9 summ+ up my own conclusions 9 reg>d to ?is matt]3 8,i am fairly at a loss to compreh5d h[ any "o = a mom5t c d\bt t ,*ri/ian !ology mu/ /& or fall ) ! hi/orical tru/wor?9ess ( ! ,jewi% ,scriptures4 ,! v conception ( ! ,messiah1 or ,*ri/1 is inextricably int]wov5 ) ,jewi% hi/ory4 ,! id5tification ( ,jesus ( ,naz>e? ) t ,messiah re/s ^u ! int]pretation ( passages ( ! ,hebrew ,scriptures :i* h no evid5tial value unless !y possess ! hi/orical "* assign$ to !m4 ,if ! cov5ant ) ,abraham 0 n made2 if circumcision & sacrifices 7 n orda9$ by ,jehovah2 if ! #8t5 words' 7 n writt5 by ,god's h& on ! /one tables2 if ,abraham is m or less a my?ical h]o1 su* z ,!seus2 ! /ory ( ! deluge a fiction2 t ( ! fall a leg5d2 t ( ! creation ! dream ( a se]1--if all ^! def9ite & detail$ n>ratives ( app>5tly real ev5ts h no m value z hi/ory ?an ! /ories ( ! regal p]iod ( ,rome1 :at is to be said ( ! ,messianic doctr9e :i* is s mu* less cle>ly enunciat$8 ,& :at ab\t ! au?ority ( ! writ]s ( ! books ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 :o on ?is !ory h n m]ely accept$ flimsy fictions = solid tru?s1 b h built ! v f\ndations ( ,*ri/ian dogma ^u leg5ds & quicks&s8 8,! antagonism betwe5 natural k & ! ,p5tateu* w\ld be z great if ! speculations ( our "t _h nev] be5 he>d (4 ,x arises out ( contradictions ^u matt]s ( fact4 ,! books ( ecclesia/ical au?ority decl>e t c]ta9 ev5ts happ5$ 9 a c]ta9 fa%ion2 ! books ( sci5tific au?ority say !y did n40 8,:at we are pleas$ to call religion n[-a-days is = ! mo/ "p ,hell5iz$ ,judaism2 &1 n un-frequ5tly1 ! ,hell5ic elem5t c>ries ) x a mighty remnant ( old-_w paganism & a great infusion ( ! wor/ & weake/ products ( ,greek sci5tific speculation2 :ile fragm5ts ( ,p]sian & ,babylonian--or r ,accadian--my?ology burd5 ! ,judaic contribution to ! common /ock4 ,! antagonism ( ,sci5ce is n to ,religion1 b to ! hea!n survivals & ! bad philosophy "u :i* ,religion h]self is wellnigh cru%$4 ,n[1 = my "p1 ,i tru/ ?is antagonism w nev] cease1 b t to ! end ( "t true ,sci5ce w cont9ue to fulfil "o ( h] mo/ b5efic5t functions1 t ( reliev+ m5 f ! burd5 ( false ,sci5ce :i* is impos$ ^u !m 9 ! "n ( ,religion40 ,! fact t well-dress$ congregations d n laugh sac]dotali/s to scorn %[s h[ safe x is to rely ^u ! cr$ulity & indiff]5ce ( ^? :o h be5 taught m]e my?s z real hi/ory f e>ly *ildhood4 ,! day w come :5 ev5 *ildr5 w laugh 9 ! faces ( prie/s :5 !y s]i\sly speak ( ! fall ( ,adam & ,eve z a matt] ( actual occurr5ce4 ,! great curse ( true religion to-day is lit]alism1 en=c$ by prie/craft1 9 reg>d to :at relates to our mo/ sacr$ conc]ns4 ,x is no "p ( our design to "h expla9 ! developm5t !ory z to h[ man did orig9ate f ! l[] =ms ( animal exi/5ce1 b mu/ ref] ^? :o are will+ to le>n to su* works z ,d>w9's ,orig9 ( ,species & ,desc5t ( ,man1 ,huxley's ,man's ,place 9 ,nature1 & to scores ( o!r books accessible to all4 ,p]haps n9ety-n9e-hundr$?s ( liv+ work+ sci5ti/s repudiate ! ,adam-&-,eve /ory1 & reg>d x z a fable int5d$ to illu/rate :at man's atta9m5ts at ! "t w\ld n enable him to acc\nt = on natural pr9ciples4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,se>* ,,= ,,! 8,,la/ ,,adam0 8,= z 9 ,adam all die1 ev5 s 9 ,*ri/ %all all be made alive40444 8,& s x is writt51 ! fir/ ,adam 0 made a liv+ s\l1 ! la/ ,adam 0 made a quick5+ _s40--#a ,cob4 #ae3 #bb-de4 ,,! claim ( sac]dotalism is sub/antially z foll[s3 ,adam 0 ! fir/ man & ! sole prog5itor ( ! entire human race4 ,:5 he fell1 all 8 prog5y 8s9n$ 9 him & fell ) him 9 ! fir/ transgression40 ,dea? 0 fir/ introduc$ 9 ! _w by ,adam's s91 & life is re/or$ by ,*ri/4 ,adam & ,*ri/ are ! two great repres5tatives ( dea? & life1 ( ! fell & ! re/oration4 ,! ,creator p]mitt$ ?is great calamity to happ51 hav+ purpos$ f all et]nity to r$eem ?is deg5]ate race1 or at lea/ a portion ( x1 f ! t]rible curse caus$ by ,adam's s94 ,9 due "t he did inc>nate himself1 became man1 human fle% & blood1 by impregnat+1 or 8ov]%ad[+10 a ,jewi% virg91 & s 0 born1 by ord9>y g5]ation1 a human babe 9 ! p]son ( ,jesus ( ,naz>e?1 :o 0 call$ ! ,*ri/4 ,aft] ab\t ?irty ye>s ?is human-born ,god di$ to make x possible to re/ore our race to its orig9al moral /atus4 ,?is is call$ ! 8r$emptive s*eme10 & is ! sum & sub/ance ( ,*ri/ianity1 & is fully set =? 9 :at is v improp]ly call$ ! 8,apo/les' ,cre$10 :i* is publicly recit$ 9 ?\s&s ( *ur*es e ,sunday z an epitome ( _! belief4 ,! /ory ( ?is "o fir/ man1 :o s9n$ by eat+ an apple f a c]ta9 =bidd5 tree1 has be5 prov$ to be a fable1 a my?1 an allegory4 ,! leg5d may %ad[ =? c]ta9 natural tru?s1 b x is nev]!less a my?4 ,! ?+ nev] occurr$4 ,! alleg$ facts are n facts4 ,!re 0 no fir/ ,adam4 ,!re may h be5 "s "o :om c]ta9 p]sons call$ ! la/ ,adam1 b x is nev]!less true t :at is said ( him 0 f\nd$ ^u an unreality--a ?+ :i* nev] happ5$4 ,accord+ to biblical *ronology1 ! la/ ,adam did n make 8 adv5t until ab\t f\r ?\s& ye>s aft] ! fir/ ,adam fell1 ,ev5 ?is seems to h be5 a long p]iod to wait1 b if we accept ! int]pretation ( c]ta9 mod]n writ]s1 t :i* is call$ 8! beg9n+0 9 ,g5esis may h be5 =ty ?\s& or f\r hundr$ ?\s& ye>s be=e ! adv5t ( ,jesus4 ,true1 ?is w\ld %[ c]ta9 ev5ts to h be5 a v long way ap>t 7= in/ance1 ! creation ( ,eve aft] t ( ,adam7 & w\ld make ! "w ( ,*ri/ 9 ! 8r$emptive act0 occur ages & ages aft] ! mis*ief 0 done4 ,x is cont5d$ t ! promise ( ! s5d+ ( a ,savi\r 0 made ! v day t ! fir/ ,adam s9n$1 & t ! salvation ( ! s9n] 0 condition$ ^u man's fai? 91 & acceptance (1 ! promise t 9 due "t1 n m5tion$1 ! la/ ,adam %\ld come & repair all ! mis*ief :i* ! fir/ ,adam _h caus$4 ,x is claim$ by sac]dotali/s t ! say+ 9 ,g5esis #c3 #ae is ! fir/ promise ( a ,r$eem]3 8,& ,i w put enmity betwe5 !e ! s]p5t & ! woman1 & betwe5 ?y se$ & h] se$2 x %all bruise ?y head & ?\ %alt bruise 8 heel40 ,b ^! v words occur 9 ! pagan fables t 7 writt5 long be=e ! "t t ,i ,g5esis 0 writt51 & 9 "s ( ^! fables1 mu* m consi/5tly ) ! passage above quot$1 ! woman is repres5t$ z /&+ ) h] heel on ! s]p5t's head4 ,!n x is claim$ t ! ,creator accept$ ! sacrifice ( ,abel because x 0 a bloody sacrifice1 prefigur+ ! %$d+ ( ! blood ( ,*ri/1 & t he reject$ ! (f]+ ( ,ca9 because !re 0 no blood 9 x4 ,we h look$ 9 va9 ?r\gh ! ,old-,te/am5t ,scriptures = a promise ( ! la/ ,adam :o 0 to come & r$eem man1 b h fail$ to f9d x4 ,a sy/em ( 8r$emption0 t is bas$ on expressions s enigmatical mu/ h a v flimsy f\ndation ^u :i* to /&4 ,x is l ! assumption t wom5 g5]ally h an av]sion to reptiles because a s]p5t tempt$ ,eve & br\ght s _m curses on ! sex4 ,to su* mis]able subt]fuges w sac]dotali/s resort to ma9ta9 a !ory4 ,"o ( ! fir/ po9ts emphasiz$ 9 connection ) ! adv5t ( ,jesus is ! claim t x 0 9 exact fulfilm5t ( ,hebrew prophecy4 ,c]ta9 or?odox ,*ri/ian writ]s claim t !re are two hundr$ prophecies 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t relat+ to ,jesus1 :ile c]ta9 o!r em95t ,g]man & ,engli% ,*ri/ian s*ol>s d5y t !re is ev5 "o prophecy :i* does n admit ( ano!r & a m rational explanation4 ,! quotations f ,old-,te/am5t prophecies 9 ! ,gospels are1 to say ! lea/1 un=tunate1 & r sugge/ ! hypo!sis t c]ta9 ?+s1 if done at all1 7 done to make ! hi/ory fit ! pr$iction4 ,le>n$ ,bible critics cont5d t !re is n to be f\nd a s+le example ( su* r$emptive prophecy1 ev5 ?\gh ! !ory ( ! d\ble s5se ( prophecy be admitt$4 ,^! pr$ictions or hopes 7 int5d$ to apply to em95t *>act]s 9 ,hebrew hi/ory z deliv]]s1 & c only be appli$ to ,jesus by a =c$ & unnatural con/ruction2 &1 ?\gh ,cyrus & o!rs appe>$1 ! expectations ( ! ,jews h n yet be5 realiz$1 & "s ( !m are /ill await+ _! ,messiah1 spurn+ ! idea t ! pr$ictions ( _! prophets 7 fulfill$ 9 ! humble ,man ( ,naz>e?4 ,"o or two examples ( s-call$ ,messianic prophecies mu/ suffice4 ,mat!w 7#bg3 #i7 says ! prophecy ( 8,j]emy ! prophet0 reg>d+ ! ?irty pieces ( silv] 0 fulfill$ 9 ! betrayal ( ,jesus2 :]eas no su* prophecy is f\nd 9 ,j]emiah1 &1 ?\gh simil> words occur 9 ,ze*>iah1 !y h ano!r obvi\s application4 ,!n 9 ,mat!w 7*ap4 #b7 ,hosea is quot$ to prove t ,jesus dwelt 9 ,egypt to fulfil a prophecy1 :]eas x is evid5t 7,hos4 #aa3a7 t x 0 ( ,israel1 n ,jesus1 t ^? words 7 spok54 ,aga91 9 ,matt4 #bb3da ! quotation f ! ,psalms is obvi\sly misappli$--8,! ,"l said unto my "l10 etc4--z x 0 n writt5 by ,david1 b ,na?an address$ x to ,david4 ,x 0 ! poet t call$ ,david "l1 :i* spoils ! prophecy & ru9s ! argum5t ( ! evangeli/4 ,_m ?+s record$ 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t are unwitt+ly admitt$ to h be5 done to fulfil a suppos$ prophecy--8t x might be fulfill$40 ,!re is "o v amus+ example ( an attempt to fulfil an alleg$ prophecy--t ( ,jesus dwell+ 9 ,naz>e?1 because x _h be5 prophesi$ t he %\ld be call$ a ,naz-ar5e1 no su* prophecy ev] hav+ be5 utt]$4 ,! ,indian ,y$as are full ( alleg$ prophecies relat+ to com+ inc>nations1 & s are ! ,*9ese sacr$ books4 ,ev5 ,zoroa/]1 :o liv$ #egj ye>s b4 c41 prophesi$2 8,a virg9 %all conceive & be> a son1 & a /> %all appe> blaz+ at midday to ann\nce 8 appe>ance4 ,:5 y behold ! /> 7said he71 foll[ x :i!rsoev] x leads y4 ,adore ! my/]i\s *ild1 (f]+ him gifts ) pr(\nd humility4 ,he is inde$ ! ,almighty ,^w :i* creat$ ! heav5s4 ,he is inde$ y\r ,"l & ev]la/+ ,k+0 7,hi/ory ( ,idolatry1 ,fab]1 vol4 ii4 p4 #ib74 ,x 0 believ$ t ?is prophecy 0 fulfill$ by ! adv5t ( ! ,p]sian god ,sosia4 ,x 0 common among ! anci5ts to presage ! bir? ( a god by ! appe>ance ( a my/]i\s />1 & = a/ronom]s to ha/5 to adore ! new-born deity & pres5t him gifts4 ,greece1 ,rome1 ,arabia1 & ev5 ,mexico1 7 all famili> ) ,messianic prophecies4 ,bi%op ,hawes says t 8! idea t ,god %\ld 9 "s extraord9>y mann] visit & dwell ) m5 is f\nd 9 a ?\s& =ms among anci5t hea!ns40 ,! fact is1 !re is no promise or prophecy ( a 8la/ ,adam0 9 ! ,hebrew ,scriptures4 ,! ,jews give a v diff]5t int]pretation to ^? utt]ances alleg$ to be ,messianic1 & ! alleg$ types ( ,jesus 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t are purely fanciful1 & _m ( !m are exce$+ly *ildi%4 ,! idea t ,solomon & ,moses & ! scapegoat 7 types ( ,jesus is simply absurd1 & n cr$itable to ! alleg$ antetype4 ,!re is no ,jesus ( ,naz>e? 9 ! ,hebrew oracles4 ,! bloody sacrifices ( ! ,old ,te/am5t 7 ant$at$ by hea!n nations c5turies be=e ! ,jews4 ,! sacrific+ ( brute bea/s 0 hea!nism pure & simple1 to conciliate an imag9>y an?ropomorphic god4 ,tw5ty g5]ations ( innoc5t animals slaught]$ by div9e comm& 9 ord] to notify ! _w be=eh& ( ! com+ ( ! la/ ,adam1 yet nev] say+ s1 seem to h fail$ to prep>e ! p = ! alleg$ spiritual sacrifice ( ,jesus4 ,x 0 a signal failure4 ,if ^! bloody (f]+s 7 types ( ,jesus1 !re mu/ h be5 "s resemblance4 ,:]e9 did x lie8 ,a bullock 0 =c$ to ! alt>2 he di$ l any bea/ at ! %ambles4 ,x made ! sanctu>y a slaught]-h\se4 ,! involunt>y (f]+ ( an innoc5t lamb or pigeon _c be a type ( a will+ (f]+ ( a human be+4 ,! :ole s*eme ( bloody animal sacrifices is a type ( no?+ b ! cruelty ( b>b>ism1 & meant a good d9n] & fat prie/s6 ,x is g5]ally condemn$ by ! ,hebrew prophets z useless1 & 0 entirely reject$ by ^? :o 8pr(ess$ & call$ !mselves ,*ri/ians40 ,s9ce we c le>n absolutely no?+ t is rationally reliable conc]n+ ! 8la/ ,adam0 f ! ,old ,te/am5t1 x becomes necess>y = u to consult comp>atively mod]n hi/ory4 ,! adv5t ( ,jesus 0 made1 if made at all )9 ! hi/oric p]iod1 sc>cely n9ete5 hundr$ ye>s ago4 ,if su* a p]son appe>$ among m5 at t "t1 !re mu/ be "s writt5 record ( s wond]ful an ev5t by contempor>y p>ties4 ,9 ! ,jewi% ,talmud1 a p]fect wild]ness ( religi\s & secul> speculations1 we f9d _m spiteful & di/ort$ allusions to "o ,jesus :o w5t into ,egypt & le>n$ sorc]y & magic1 & by su* influ5ce rais$ a tumult among ! p & l$ away a p>ty ( delud$ foll[]s4 ,:e!r ?is 0 ,jesus ( ,naz>e? x is impossible to say4 ,!re 7 _m p]sons be>+ simil> names4 ,!re is at ! pres5t day mu* ignorance--or at lea/ indiff]5ce--ev5 among intellig5t ,*ri/ians1 to ! fact t ! v "n ( ,jesus is n ( ,hebrew1 b ( ,greek orig91 z inde$ is ! :ole hi/ory ( 8 life z relat$ 9 ! f\r ,gospels2 & no "o b ^? :o h a previ\s !ory to uphold c believe t ! p ( ,j]usalem dur+ ! "t ( ,*ri/ spoke any o!r language ?an t spok5 by _! =efa!rs4 ,f ?is we w pass to o!r in/ances :]e ! "n ( ,jesus is appli$ to o!rs n nam$ 9 ! ,gospels2 & x w be a matt] ( surprise to _m to "k t no less ?an fifte51 mo/ ( !m liv+ at ! "t ( ! ,*ri/ian era1 are nam$ by ! ,jewi% hi/orian ,josephus z be>+ ! "n ( ,jesus3 #a4 ,jesus1 son ( ,jos$ek 7,ant41 xi4 iii4 #aj1 iv4 #a74 #b4 ,jesus1 sumam$ ,jason1 son ( ,simon 7,ant41 xi4 iii4 #aj1 iv4 #a74 #c4 ,jesus1 son ( ,phabet 7,ant41 xv4 ix4 #c74 #d4 ,jesus1 son ( ,sie 7,ant41 xvii4 xiii4 #a74 #e4 ,jesus1 son ( ,damneus 7,ant41 xx4 ix4 #a74 #f4 ,jesus1 son ( ,gamaliel 7,ant41 xx4 ix4 #d74 #g4 ,jesus1 son ( ,sapphias 7 ,w>s1 ii4 xx4 #d74 #h4 ,jesus1 son ( ,%aphat 7 ,w>s1 iii4 ix4 #g74 #i4 ,jesus1 son ( ,ananus 7 ,w>s1 iv4 iv4 #i74 #aj4 ,jesus1 son ( ,ananus1 a plebeian 7 ,w>s1 vi4 v4 #c74 #aa4 ,jesus1 son ( ,gamala 7,life1 #ch1 #da74 #ab4 ,jesus1 a high prie/ 7 ,w>s1 vi4 ii4 #b74 #ac4 ,jesus1 son ( ,!bu?i 7 ,w>s1 vi4 viii4 #c74 #ad4 ,jesus1 fa!r ( ,elymas4 #ae4 ,jesus1 surnam$ ,b>abbas4 ,josephus also ref]s to "o ,judas1 a ,gaulonite1 :o 0 a lead] ( ! p1 & ^: "* & c>e] answ] 9 s _m respects to qualities cr$it$ to ,jesus ( ,naz>e? t x is suppos$ by _m t ! "n ,jesus _h be5 *ang$ to ,judas2 & he also ref]s to o!r ,jesuses :o are too mu* l ! traditional ,jesus ( ! ,gospels 9 _m ?+s to be m]e co9cid5ces4 ,!n !re 0 ! meek ,jesus1 m5tion$ by ,josephus1 :o liv$ dur+ ! reign ( ,alb9us1 :o prophesi$ su* evil ?+s1 & :o 0 sc\rg$ until 8 bones 7 laid b>e1 & :o utt]$ no reply1 & 9 s _m ways 0 l ! ,jesus ( tradition 7 ,w>s ( ! ,jews1 book vi41 *ap4 #e74 ,!n we h ! m5tion ( ! ,jesus1 z is well kn[n1 :o 0 ! fri5d ( ,simon & ,john & ! 8son ( ,sapphias10 :o 0 ! lead] ( a s$iti\s tumult1 :o 0 betray$ by "o ( 8 foll[]s1 & defeat$ by ,josephus himself :5 he 0 gov]nor ( ,galilee1 & put to %ame & confusion 7,life ( ,josephus1 sec4 #ab-ad74 ,?is und\bt$ly %[s t ne>ly all t is claim$ = ,jesus ( ,naz>e? might h be5 said z ! sub/ance ( :at 0 writt5 by ,josephus conc]n+ real hi/orical p]sons call$ ,jesus4 ,?is may acc\nt = ! conglom]ate "* & ! _m inconsi/5cies ascrib$ to ?is ,jesus ( tradition4 ,! failure ( ,jewi% writ]s ( ! fir/ c5tury to recognize ,jesus ( ,naz>e?1 ev5 9 ! mo/ casual way1 is a significant fact4 ,philo1 ! celebrat$ writ] ( 8 day1 0 born ab\t tw5ty ye>s be=e ! ,*ri/ian era1 & sp5t 8 "t 9 philosophical /udies at t c5tre ( le>n+1 ,alex&ria 9 ,egypt4 ,he labor$ dilig5tly & wrote volum9\sly to reconcile ! tea*+s ( ,plato ) ! writ+s ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 &1 ?\gh 9 ! prime & vigor ( manhood :5 ,jesus is said to h liv$1 & dwell+ 9 ! imm$iate vic9ity ( ,judea1 & 9 ! v city :]e ,*ri/ianity 0 e>ly introduc$1 yet ?is le>n$1 dev\t1 & hone/ ,jew makes no m5tion ( ,jesus ( ,naz>e?4 ,ev5 m /range is ! sil5ce ( ,josephus1 ! ,jewi% hi/orian1 :o 0 born ab\t ,a4 d4 #ce1 & liv$ & wrote ext5sively until aft] ! de/ruction ( ,j]usalem1 & yet he nev] m5tion$ ! "n ( ,jesus4 ,! celebrat$ passage reg>d+ ,*ri/ is kn[n to be a =g]y1 & ! "o respect+ 8,james ! bro!r ( ,jesus1 call$ ! ,*ri/10 is by no means wor?y ( confid5ce4 ,x mu/ be c]ta9 t 9 ! fir/ c5tury ( our era ,jesus ( ,naz>e? did n attract ! att5tion ( ^! fair & di/+ui%$ ,jewi% writ]s1 if he 9 fact exi/$4 ,9 e>ly times ! "n ,jesus1 z has be5 %[n1 0 z common z ! names ,john or ,james1 & :5 ! "n is m5tion$ x is impossible to say :o is ref]r$ to4 ,! passage 9 ,josephus ref]r+ to ,jesus ?us1 8,ab\t ?is "t appe>$ ,jesus1 a wise man1 if inde$ x be "r to call him a man10 etc41 is ackn[l$g$ by celebrat$ ,*ri/ian writ]s to be a fraud4 ,its au!nticity 0 giv5 up z long ago z ! "t ( ,dr4 ,na?aniel ,l>dn]1 au?or ( ! ,cr$ibility ( ! ,gospel ,hi/ory1 & "o ( ! mo/ highly reg>d$ ( ,*ri/ian writ]s4 ,gibbon1 too1 decid$ x to be a =g]y4 ,bi%op ,w>burton1 ! di/+ui%$ def5d] ( ,pope's ,essay on ,man aga9/ ! *>ge ( a!ism1 & "o ( ! mo/ di/+ui%$ ( ,*ri/ian def5d]s1 agre$ ) ,l>dn]4 ,! ,rev4 ,rob]t ,taylor quotes _m o!r ,*ri/ian writ]s z co9cid+4 ,! biograph] ( ,josephus 9 ! ,encyclopa$ia ,britannica says ! passage is unanim\sly reg>d$ z spuri\s4 ,drs4 ,oort1 ,hookyaas1 & ,xu551 ,g]man ,*ri/ian writ]s ( great repute1 9 ! ,bible = ,le>n]s decl>e ! passage to be 8c]ta9ly spuri\s0 & 8ins]t$ by a lat] & a ,*ri/ian h&40 ,gibbon says x 0 =g$ betwe5 ! "t ( ,orig5 7a4 d4 #bcj7 & ,eusebius 7a4 d4 #cae74 ,! cr$it ( ! =g]y1 h[ev]1 is g5]ally giv5 to ,eusebius1 :o fir/ quot$ x4 ,! di/+ui%$ au?ors ( ! ,bible = ,le>n]s di/9ctly /ate t ,josephus nev] m5tion$ ,jesus1 & cite ,josephus's close foll[+ ( ! atroci\s c>e] ( ,h]od up to ! v la/ mom5ts ( 8 life1 )\t m5tion+ ! slaught] ( ! innoc5ts1 z indubitable pro( t ,josephus knew no?+ ( ,jesus4 ,dr4 ,l>dn] gives ^! reasons :y he reg>ds ! passage z a =g]y3 8,i d n p]ceive t we at all want ! suspect$ te/imony to ,jesus1 :i* 0 nev] quot$ by any ( our ,*ri/ian ance/ors be=e ,eusebius4 8,nor d ,i recollect t ,josephus has any:]e m5tion$ ! "n or ^w ,*ri/ 9 any ( 8 works1 except ! te/imony above m5tion$ & ! passage conc]n+ ,james1 ! ,"l's bro!r4 8,x int]rupts ! n>rative4 8,! language is q ,*ri/ian4 8,x is n quot$ by ,*ryso/om1 ?\gh he (t5 ref]s to ,josephus1 & c\ld n h omitt$ quot+ x _h x be5 9 ! text4 8,x is n quot$ by ,photius1 ?\gh he has ?ree articles conc]n+ ,josephus4 8,"u ! article #8,ju/us ( ,tib]ias1 ?is au?or 7,photius7 expressly /ates t ! hi/orian 7,josephus71 be+ a ,jew1 has n tak5 ! lea/ notice ( ,*ri/4 8,nei!r ,ju/9 9 8 dialogue ) ,trypho ! ,jew1 nor ,clem5s ,alex&r9us1 :o made s _m extracts f ,*ri/ian au?ors1 nor ,orig5 aga9/ ,celsus1 h ev] m5tion$ ?is te/imony4 8,b1 on ! contr>y1 9 *apt] xxxv4 ( ! fir/ book ( t "w1 ,orig5 op5ly affirms t ,josephus1 :o _h m5tion$ ,john ! ,bapti/1 did n ackn[l$ge ,*ri/40 ,! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,giles1 au?or ( ! ,*ri/ian ,records1 adds to ! reasons = reject+ ! passage1 z foll[s3 8,^? :o are be/ acqua9t$ ) ! "* ( ,josephus & ! /yle ( 8 writ+s h no hesitation 9 condemn+ ?is passage z a =g]y int]polat$ 9 ! text dur+ ! ?ird c5tury by "s pi\s ,*ri/ian1 :o 0 sc&aliz$ t s fam\s a writ] z ,josephus %\ld h tak5 no notice ( ! ,gospels or ( ,*ri/ _! subject4 ,b ! zeal ( ! int]polator has outrun 8 discretion1 = we might z well expect to ga!r grapes f ?orns or figs f ?i/les z to f9d ?is notice ( ,*ri/ among ! ,judaiz+ writ+s ( ,josephus4 ,x is well kn[n t ?is au?or 0 a zeal\s ,jew1 devot$ to ! laws ( ,moses & ! traditions ( 8 c\ntrym54 ,h[1 !n1 c\ld he h writt5 t ,jesus 0 ! ,*ri/8 ,su* an admission w\ld h prov$ him to be a ,*ri/ian himself1 9 :i* case ! passage "u consid]ation1 too long = a ,jew1 w\ld h be5 f> too %ort = a believ] 9 ! new religion2 & ?us ! passage /&s =?1 l an ill-set jewel1 contra/+ mo/ inh>moni\sly ) ev]y?+ ar\nd x4 ,if x _h be5 g5u9e1 we might be sure t ,ju/9 ,m>tyr1 ,t]tullian1 & ,*ryso/om w\ld h quot$ x 9 _! controv]sies ) ! ,jews1 & t ,orig5 or ,photius w\ld h m5tion$ x4 ,b ,eusebius1 ! ecclesia/ical hi/orian 7i4 #aa71 is ! fir/ :o quotes x1 & our reliance on ! judgm5t1 or ev5 hone/y1 ( ?is writ] is n s great z to all[ our consid]+ ev]y?+ f\nd 9 8 works z und\bt$ly g5u9e40 ,oxley 9 8 great "w #jaa ,egypt says3 8,h[ev]1 ,i h f\nd 9 "s pap]s t ?is disc\rse 0 n writt5 by ,josephus1 b by "o ,caius1 a presbyt]40 ,"h1 accord+ to _! own %[+1 :at _h pass$ = c5turies z ! "w ( ,josephus 0 a fraud p]petrat$ by a dignit>y ( ! ,*ur*4 ,?is is 9 p]fect keep+ ) anci5t cu/om4 ,9 addition to all ?is1 !re is n an orig9al manuscript ( ,josephus 9 exi/5ce1 nor "o 7t ,i h he>d (7 t dates f>!r back ?an ! t5? or elev5? c5tury ,a4 ,d4 ,ano!r =g$ ref]5ce to ,*ri/ is f\nd 9 ! ,antiquities1 book xx4 *apt] ix4 section #a1 :]e ,josephus is made to speak ( ,james1 8! bro!r ( ,jesus1 :o 0 call$ ,*ri/40 ,"s !ologians :o reject ! long] ref]5ce to ,jesus accept ?is z g5u9e4 ,b !y d x )\t reconcil+ ! discrepancies betwe5 ! /ories reg>d+ ! end ( ?is same ,james4 ,accord+ to ?is passage1 ,james 0 put to dea? "u ! ord] ( ! high prie/4 ,b accord+ to ,hegesippus1 a conv]t$ ,jew :o wrote a hi/ory ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* ab\t ,a4 d4 #agj1 ,james 0 kill$ 9 a tumult1 n by s5t5ce ( a c\rt4 ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria confirms ?is1 & is quot$ by ,eusebius accord+ly4 ,eusebius also quotes ! l9e f ,josephus )\t notic+ t ! two d n agree4 ,! /atem5t is quot$ 9 v>i\s ways 9 ! e>ly writ]s1 & ! conclusion is irresi/ible t ! copies ( ,josephus 7 tamp]$ ) by copyi/s4 ,ev5 _h ,jesus liv$ & taught z describ$ 9 ! ,gospels1 ,josephus1 an or?odox ,jew1 a prie/1 & cons]vative gov]nm5t (ficial1 w\ld nev] h giv5 him ! title ( ,*ri/1 or ,messiah1 a p>ty lead] = :om ! ,jews 7 look+ to free !m f _! ,roman bondage4 ,among ! great pagan writ]s ( ! fir/ c5tury ( our era we f9d absolutely no?+ relat+ to ,jesus ( ,naz>e?4 ,!re 0 ,s5eca1 liv+ n f> f ^! times1 & !n ! ,eld] & ! ,y\ng] ,pl9y1 ,tacitus1 ,plut>*1 ,gal51 ,epictetus1 ,m>cus ,anton9us--"s ( ! noble/ m5 ( ! _w4 ,let u look at "s few fragm5ts ( te/imony t we h4 ,"o hi/orian writes t 8"u a r+lead] nam$ ,*re/us ! ,jews rais$ a tumult40 ,9 ano!r place he ref]s to ! ,*ri/ians z a class ( m5 devot$ to a 8new & mis*iev\s sup]/ition40 ,& ,tacitus speaks ( ,judea z 8! s\rce ( ?is evil40 ,ano!r speaks ( ! ,*ri/ians z 8a sect hat$ = _! crimes10 & ,suetonius gives ,n]o special praise = hav+ done ! mo/ t he c\ld to wipe !m (f ! face ( ! e>?4 ,9 a ,life ( ,claudius1 ano!r ,roman emp]or1 ,*ri/ is spok5 ( z 8a re/less1 s$iti\s ,jewi% agitator40 ,pl9y ! ,y\ng]1 writ+ to ! emp]or ab\t ,a4 ,d4 #ajd1 :5 he 0 gov]nor ( ,bi?ynia1 says ! ,*ri/ians d n wor%ip ! gods nor ! emp]ors--z mo/ ( ! p !n did--nor c\ld !y be induc$ to curse ,*ri/4 ,he says !y met morn+s = virtu\s v[s1 & *ant$ a hymn to ,*ri/ z to a god1 & 9 ! ev5+ !y ate toge!r a common meal4 ,& aft] he _h put !m to torture he said all he c\ld f9d aga9/ !m 0 8a p]v]se & immod]ate sup]/ition40 ,lucian1 ab\t ! middle ( ! second c5tury1 speaks ( ,jesus z ! crucifi$ ,sophi/4 ,we d n "k c]ta9ly :e!r ^! ref]5ces to ,*ri/ allude to ,jesus ( ,naz>e? at all4 ,*re/ians & ,*re/us 7 designations 9 common use all ov] ! _w1 & ! writ]s m]ely m5tion$ !m z a sect well kn[n z creat+ "s noise 9 ! _w4 ,c]ta9ly ! language us$ 9 describ+ !m is n v complim5t>y4 ,!y may h ref]r$ to ! ,ess5es1 :o _h _! ideal ,*re/4 ,a mod]n writ] has %[n t ! /ory ( ! p]secution ( ,*ri/ians by ! emp]or ,n]o 7a4 d4 #ed-fh7 is a mod]n fabrication4 ,rob]t ,taylor1 9 8 ,diegesis publi%$ 9 #ahbi1 prov$ t ,cornelius ,tacitus nev] c\ld h writt5 ! passage describ+ su* p]secution4 ,x has be5 demon/rat$ t ! :ole ( ! s-call$ ,annals ( ,tacitus1 conta9+ ! celebrat$ passage1 0 =g$ by a ,papal secret>y nam$ ,poggio ,bracciol9i4 ,9 #adbb1 :ile 9 ! receipt ( a small sal>y "u ,m>t9 ,v41 he 0 tempt$ by an (f] ( five hundr$ sequ9s 7:i* w\ld n[ be equal to fifty ?\s& doll>s7 to engage 9 "s my/]i\s lit]>y "w4 ,sev5 ye>s lat]1 six books ( :at are n[ call$ ! ,annals ( ,tacitus 7 br\ght to him by a monk f ,saxony4 ,!n all ,*ri/5dom rejoic$ to le>n t ! hea!n ,tacitus _h m5tion$ ,*ri/ crucifi$ "u ,pontius ,pilate4 ,poggio1 ?\gh a fa!r bo? spiritually & c>nally1 0 n a husb& till ! age ( fifty-f\r4 ,at sev5ty-two he accept$ ! (fice ( secret>y to ! republic ( ,flor5ce1 & at sev5ty-n9e he di$1 leav+ five sons ( 8 old age4 ,up to ! la/ he 0 a busy /ud5t & writ]4 ,fifty-six ye>s aft] 8 dea? 8 f\r? son 0 secret>y to ,pope ,leo ,x41 at :i* "t ! pope's /ew>d1 /imulat$ by a munific5t rew>d1 discov]$ ! fir/ six incomplete books ( ! ,annals1 be+ ! unf9i%$ "w ( ,poggio 9 8 old age4 ,! f9d+ ( anci5t ,,mss4 0 a v lucrative bus9ess = s*ol>s 9 ^? days4 ,x began ) ,petr>*1 :o di$ 9 #acgd1 & did n end ) ,poggio1 :o di$ 9 #adei4 ,poggio discov]$ sev]al orations ( ,cic]o1 a hi/ory by ,ammianus ,m>coll9us1 & sev]al o!r classic works1 besides ! unclassic writ+s ( ,t]tullian1 ! fir/ ,lat9 ,fa!r4 ,! mod]n fabrication ( _m ( ! anci5t ,lat9 & ,greek ,,mss4 is n[ becom+ app>5t4 ,jean ,h>d\91 a ,fr5* ,jesuit1 di$ 9 #agbi1 ag$ eighty-?ree ye>s4 ,he 0 deeply v]s$ 9 hi/ory1 language1 & numismatology4 ,at ! age ( =ty-f\r he began to suspect t c]ta9 writ+s ( ! ,*ri/ian ,fa!rs 7 spuri\s1 & soon became conv9c$ t none ( !m 7 g5u9e4 ,!n turn+ 8 att5tion to ! ,greek & ,lat9 classics1 he f\nd evid5ce suffici5t to conv9ce him t mo/ ( ^? also 7 =g]ies1 be+ fabricat$ by ! ,b5$ict9e monks aft] ! middle ( ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,eusebius's ,ecclesia/ical ,hi/ory1 fir/ f\nd 9 ,lat9 9 ! fifte5? c5tury & !n 9 ,greek 9 ! six-te5? c5tury1 we h no d\bt is a probable =g]y4 ,& if s we h really no hi/ory ( ! primitive ,*ur* except :at may be f\nd 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t & a few unc]ta9 fragm5ts ( apocryphal lit]ature1 all mu* corrupt$4 ,! use ( ! ^w ,*ri/us & ,*ri/ianus by ! ,lat9 writ]s is suffici5t evid5ce ( mod]n fabrication4 ,a9swor?'s ,lat9 ,diction>y has n ! ^w ,*ri/us nor ,*ri/ianus 9 ! ,lat9 "p1 b 9 ! "p :i* gives ! ,lat9 equival5ts ( ,engli% words we f9d ?is3 ,a ,*ri/ian ,*ri/ianus4 ,*ri/ianism or ,*ri/ianity ,*ri/ianismus4 ,*ri/mas ,*ri/ianataliam fe/um4 ,n[1 ! words ,*ri/us & ,*ri/ianus are us$ by ,tacitus1 ,suetonius1 ,pl9y 7! y\ng]71 ,t]tullian1 & all ! succe$+ ,lat9 ,fa!rs4 ,*ri/os 9 ,greek is a v prop] ^w1 be+ a translation ( ! ,hebrew ma%ia*1 mean+ 8ano9t$40 ,!re=e1 ! ,lat9s w\ld h r5d]$ x unctus4 ,b ! ,b5$ict9e monks :o =g$ ! lit]ature ( ! pret5d$ ,fa!rs1 in/ead ( translat+ *ri/os1 audaci\sly transf]r$ ! ^w1 & ?us ! new ^w ,*ri/us1 ) a capital ,c1 became an additional "n = ! man-god ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,n[1 we respectfully raise ! qu]y :e!r x is rational to suppose t su* wond]ful ?+s occurr$ 9 ! little prov9ce ( ,pale/9e1 surr\nd$ by le>n$ sages & philosoph]s ( ! mo/ enlight5$ nations ( ! _w1 & n "o direct & intellig5t ref]5ce %\ld h be5 made to !m8 ,is x n /range t we h no acc\nt ( ! bir?1 say+s1 & do+s ( ?is 8la/ ,adam10 :o is said to h come into ?is _w on ! mo/ important mission1 & yet we he> no?+ ( him except 9 f\r or five little anonym\s & dateless pamphlets writt5 a long :ile aft] ! ev5ts are said to h transpir$8 ,s9ce ! ,new ,te/am5t conta9s all t has be5 writt5 on ?is subject1 is x n our highe/ duty to subject ?is book to ! mo/ ?or\gh exam9ation8 ,?is we %all n[ proce$ to d 9 ! mo/ fe>less mann]1 h[ev] />tl+ ! conclusions :i* may be rea*$4 ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,:at ,,is ,,kn[n ,,( ,,! ,,new ,,te/am5t 8,se>* ! scriptures2 = 9 !m ye ?9k ye h et]nal life2 & !y are !y :i* te/ify ( me40--,john #e3 #ci4 ,,we ( c\rse use ! above passage z a motto1 z ! writ] mu/ h ref]r$ to ! ,old-,te/am5t ,scriptures1 z ! ,new ,te/am5t 0 n yet 9 exi/5ce4 ,z ?is book is ! sole dep5d5ce 9 f9d+ evid5ce reg>d+ ,jesus1 we naturally fir/ inquire z to :at is kn[n ( x4 ,we f9d ?is volume to be made up ( tw5ty-sev5 small tracts or pamphlets1 fa/5$ toge!r = ! sake ( conv5i5ce4 7#a7 ,we h f\r sket*es1 purport+ to be brief biographies ( ,jesus4 7#b7 ,next we h a cond5s$ hi/ory1 call$ ! ,acts ( ! ,apo/les4 7#c7 ,!n we h tw5ty-"o writ+s or lett]s address$ to diff]5t *ur*es or individuals 9 ! epi/ol>y =m ( communication4 7#d7 ,& f9ally we h a highly-wr\ght allegory1 p>tak+ some:at ( ! =m ( bo? hi/ory & prophecy4 ,we f9d t ?is volume ( little pamphlets is call$ ! 8,au?oriz$ ,v]sion0 ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,we inquire :o au?oriz$ ?is v]sion1 & f9d t x 0 gott5 up by c]ta9 m51 ma9ly ,engli%m51 9 ! ye> #afjc by ! 8special comm&0 ( ,james1 :o is call$ 8k+ ( ,great ,brita91 ,france1 & ,irel&10 & :o 0 address$ by ^! g5tlem51 mo/ly cl]gym51 z 8! ,mo/ ,high & ,mighty ,pr9ce1 ,def5d] ( ! ,fai?10 etc4 ,x n[ becomes a matt] ( sup]lative importance to det]m9e ! basis ^u :i* ?is v]sion ( ! ,new ,te/am5t 0 made4 ,x is well kn[n t 9 #ahha a ,new ,v]sion 0 publi%$1 & ,rev4 ,alex&] ,rob]ts1 ,d4 ,d41 a memb] ( ! committee ( revis]s1 issu$ a little book entitl$ ,companion to ! ,revis$ ,v]sion1 to be circulat$ ) x4 ,?is is ! late/ & highe/ au?ority by :i* to settle ! "q ( ! basis or /&>d ( our 8,au?oriz$ ,v]sion0 ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,x is /at$ on its title-page t x is 8,translat$ out ( ! ,orig9al ,greek20 & x is safe & fair to let ,dr4 ,rob]ts1 ! m\?piece ( ! ,new ,v]sion ,committee1 tell u ^u :at ,greek manuscripts ?is v]sion ( ,k+ ,james 0 bas$4 ,aft] giv+ a hi/ory ( ! diff]5t ,greek editions ( ! ,new ,te/am5t 7! fir/ ( :i* 0 complet$ 9 #aead1 & its publication =mally sanction$ by ,pope ,leo ,x4 9 #aebj71 he inquires1 8,:i* ( ! =ego+ ,greek texts =m$ ! orig9al f :i* our common ,engli% translation 0 d]iv$80 8,to ?is "q ! answ] is1 t ,beza's edition ( #aehi 0 ! "o usually foll[$40 ,beza's edition 0 bas$ on ,/ev5s' edition ( #aeej1 & t 0 d]iv$ f ! f\r? edition ( ,erasmus1 publi%$ 9 #aebg4 ,beza1 ,/ev5s1 ,erasmus6 ,9 ref]5ce to ! edition ( ,erasmus he said himself1 8,x 0 r tumbl$ headlong into ! _w ?an edit$40 ,b ! "q n[ comes up1 ,:at 0 ! basis ( ! edition ( ,erasmus8 ,dr4 ,rob]ts %all answ]3 8,9 ! ,gospels he pr9cipally us$ a cursive ,,ms4 ( ! fifte5? or sixte5? c5tury10444 8admitt$ by all to be ( a v inf]ior "*40444 8,he procur$ ano!r ,,ms4 ( ! twelf? c5tury or e>li]1 b ,erasmus 0 ignorant ( its value & made little use ( x40444 8,9 ! ,acts & ,epi/les he *iefly foll[$ a cursive ,,ms4 ( ! ?irte5? or f\rte5? c5tury1 ) occasional ref]5ce to ano!r ( ! fifte5? c5tury40444 8,= ! ,apocalypse he _h only "o mutilat$ ,,ms40 ,dr4 ,rob]ts adds3 8,he _h no docum5t>y mat]ials = publi%+ a complete edition ( ! ,greek ,te/am5t40 ,! po9t we "h raise is1 t x is an admission made by ! be/ or?odox au?ority t our 8,au?oriz$ ,new ,te/am5t0 0 =m$ out ( ,,mss4 dat+ no f>!r back ?an ! twelf?1 ?irte5?1 f\rte5?1 fifte5?1 & sixte5? c5turies1 & t ev5 ^! 7 ha/ily & unskilfully us$ or n us$ at all4 ,b ! "q naturally arises1 ,h n e>li] ,,mss4 come to light1 sub/antially confirm+ :at we h 9 ,k+ ,james' ,v]sion8 ,! answ] is1 t !re are n[ 9 exi/5ce ab\t two ?\s& ,,mss4 conta9+ p>ts ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 ) ab\t "o hundr$ & fifty ?\s& v>iations1 mo/ly trivial1 b "s v important2 b no s*ol>1 or?odox or lib]al1 w d>e to pret5d t any ( ^! date any f>!r back ?an ! f\r? or fif? c5tury2 & he w\ld be a reckless man1 feel+ b\nd to lie = :at he might reg>d z ! tru?1 :o w\ld contradict ! admission ( ,dr4 ,rob]ts1 t !re are only five copies ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 at all complete1 ( a great] antiquity ?an ! t5? c5tury1 nor :o w\ld d>e to "q ! /atem5t ( ! ,rev4 ,george ,e4 ,m]rell 9 8 rec5t ,/ory ( ! ,manuscripts1 t 8!re is a wide gap ( almo/ ?ree c5turies betwe5 ! orig9al manuscripts ( ! evangeli/s & apo/les & ! e>lie/ copies ( _! writ+s :i* h yet be5 discov]$40 ,:e!r !re ev] 7 orig9al manuscripts or accurate copies are que/ions :i* x w\ld be prud5t to hold = consid]ation until we h made fur!r inve/igations4 ,:5 we rev]5tly li/5 to our m9i/]s z !y exp\nd ! ,^w1 & le>n$ly tell u h[ c]ta9 s5t5ces %\ld h be5 translat$ f ! 8orig9al ,greek10 let u n laugh 9 _! faces1 b respectfully ask !m :e!r !y d n "k t !re is no orig9al ,greek ,te/am5t or any c]tifi$ copy1 & t all we "k ^u ^! matt]s is highly conjectural & :olly unau!nticat$4 ,! pr9cipal ,,mss4 ( ! ,new ,te/am5t 7 unkn[n = a ?\s& ye>s aft] ! ,*ri/ian era--to wit1 ^? f :i* our 8,au?oriz$0 ,new ,te/am5t 0 compil$--& _! real orig9 _c be trac$1 & ev5 _! accept$ date is purely a matt] ( conjecture4 ,! ,alex&rian1 ,vatican1 & ,s9aitic ,,mss41 suppos$ to date f ! f\r? & fif? c5turies1 are ( unc]ta9 & suspici\s orig91 & _! date is a matt] ( simple guess by p>ties ^: prepossessions w\ld incl9e !m to make !m z anci5t z possible4 ,h[ easy x is = ! be/ s*ol>s to be impos$ ^u is %[n f ! fact t ! exp]ts ( ! ,briti% ,museum w\ld probably h be5 sw9dl$ by ! rec5t ,syrian =g]y ( ! v anci5t book ( ,deut]onomy b = ! discov]y ( ! fact by a ,fr5* s*ol> t ! 8anci5t docum5t0 0 9 fact only a ye> or two old1 ! product ( a skill$ copyi/6 ,! fact is1 little or no?+ is actually kn[n by hi/orical & docum5t>y v]ification ( ! orig9 or dates ( ! ,,mss4 ^u :i* our ,new ,te/am5t is bas$4 ,! next "q t arises 9 a rational m9d 9 ?is connection is ?is3 ,h we 9 ^! tw5ty-sev5 little pamphlets all t has be5 writt5 ^u ! subjects to :i* !y relate8 ,! answ] to ?is "q is v emb>rass+4 ,x is an und\bt$ fact t ! ecclesia/ical c\ncil t select$ ! books compos+ ! ,new ,te/am5t _h at lea/ fifty ,gospels1 f :i* !y select$ f\r1 & m ?an "o hundr$ ,epi/les1 f :i* !y select$ sev5te51 & t f ne>ly a score ( books pr(ess+ to be records ( ! 8,acts ( ! ,apo/les0 !y select$ "o1 :i* ,*ryso/om 9 ! fif? c5tury says 80 n s mu* z kn[n to _m40 ,!n !re are =ty-"o ,new-,te/am5t books n[ extant1 call$ apocryphal1 relat+ to ! tea*+s ( ,jesus & ! apo/les1 & besides ! canonical & apocryphal books extant !re are sixty-eight ,new-,te/am5t books m5tion$ by ! ,*ri/ian ,fa!rs ( ! fir/ f\r c5turies :i* are n n[ kn[n to be 9 exi/5ce4 ,besides ^!1 m ?an fifty books1 writt5 9 ! second c5tury by m ?an tw5ty di/+ui%$ p]sons1 h my/]i\sly disappe>$4 ,! fact %\ld also be emphasiz$ t ! adoption ( ! ,new-,te/am5t books 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! f\r? c5tury1 z we n[ sub/antially h !m1 0 foll[$ by ! disappe>ance & probable de/ruction ( all books t c\ld ?r[ light ^u ! books receiv$1 & all ! suppos$ copies ( our ,gospels to t p]iod h be5 lo/ or de/roy$4 ,! fact to be kept 9 m9d is ?is1 t ! ,new-,te/am5t books :i* we n[ h 7 select$ f scores & hundr$s ( writ+s claim+ equal au?ority by a few self-appo9t-ed m51 :o _h v few qualifications & _m disqualifications = ! "w !y und]took = all com+ g5]ations4 ,we h b a trifl+ proportion 9 numb] ( ! anci5t records reg>d+ ,jesus4 ,b we n[ take up ! little pamphlets z we h !m1 & try to arrange !m 9 ord] ( "t4 ,! olde/ writ+s ( ! ,new ,te/am5t are ! ,epi/les ( ,paul4 ,& "h we f9d ourselves emb>rass$ by ! fact t biblical criticism %[s t n m ?an five--"s say f\r--( ! ,epi/les ascrib$ to ,paul 7 writt5 by him--viz4 ,fir/ ,!ssalonians1 ,galatians1 ,fir/ ,cor9?ians1 ,second ,cor9?ians1 & ,romans4 ,! o!r n9e ascrib$ to ,paul 7 d\btless writt5 by unkn[n second-c5tury au?ors4 ,! same unc]ta9ty prevails 9 reg>d to ! au?or%ip ( sev]al1 if n all1 ( :at are call$ ! ,g5]al or ,ca?olic ,epi/les1 z well z ( ! ,acts ( ! ,apo/les & ! book ( ,revelation4 ,x is impossible to fix ! dates ( ! ,new-,te/am5t books except approximately4 ,!re is a great div]sity ( op9ion4 ,! e>lie/ 7 probably writt5 9 ! la/ half ( ! fir/ c5tury1 & ! late/ c]ta9ly 9 ! la/ qu>t] ( ! second c5tury4 ,c]ta9 x is t no evid5ce c be f\nd ( ! exi/5ce ( our f\r ,gospels until ! latt] "p ( ! second c5tury1 ab\t "o hundr$ & fifty ye>s aft] ! alleg$ dea? ( ,jesus4 ,x is !re=e true :at ,pr(4 ,rob]tson ,smi?1 ,d4 ,d41 ! le>n$ ,scot* ,presbyt]ian m9i/]1 ass]ts1 t our f\r ,gospels are 8unapo/olic dige/s ( ! second c5tury40 ,f ! ,apo/olic ,epi/les we le>n no?+ ( ! life & tea*+s ( ,jesus4 ,) ,paul1 ,*ri/ 0 an idea r ?an a p]son4 ,n a syllable d we f9d 9 8 writ+s ( ! miracul\s bir? ( ,jesus1 no ref]5ce to ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt1 mu* less to ! miracles ascrib$ to him4 ,he r boa/$ t he _h le>n$ no?+ ( him f 8 disciples1 b :at he knew he _h receiv$ at ! "t ( 8 own miracul\s conv]sion4 ,he dwells ^u ! dea? & spiritual resurrection ( ,jesus1 n ^u 8 life2 & ! only words ( ,jesus quot$ by ,paul1 8x is m bless$ to give ?an to receive10 are n f\nd at all 9 ! ,gospels4 ,all t ,paul ev] claim$ to "k ab\t ,jesus z a p]son he le>n$ 9 a vision1 & x is to be tak5 = :at x is wor?4 ,we are absolutely driv5 to ! ,gospels = in=mation reg>d+ ! alleg$ f\nd] ( ,*ri/ianity1 8 bir?1 8 life1 8 tea*+s1 & 8 dea?4 ,& "h ! fact %\ld be fac$ t ,jesus nev] wrote any?+ ab\t himself1 8 mission1 or 8 doctr9es4 ,we %\ld n ev5 "k t he _h le>n$ ! art ( writ+ b = ! incid5t m5tion$ 9 "o ( ! ,gospels 7,john #h3f7 t on a c]ta9 occasion he /oop$ d[n & wrote 9 ! s&2 & n[ our le>n$ ,new ,v]sioni/s come along & snat* ?is f u by decl>+ t ! beautiful /ory ab\t ! k9d treatm5t ( ! woman tak5 9 adult]y is an int]polation n f\nd 9 ! be/ e>ly ,,mss41 s t we are n ev5 sure t ,jesus wrote any?+ ev5 ) 8 f+] 9 ! s&1 or t he ev5 knew h[ to write6 ,nobody pret5ds t ,jesus ev] direct$ 8 disciples or any "o else to write d[n :at he said & did1 b1 on ! o!r h&1 he (t5 =bade 8 disciples to tell :at he said & did2 & mu* ( :at he is report$ to h said 0 s obscure t ! disciples !mselves cont9ually misund]/ood him4 ,two reasons h be5 assign$ = ?is omission ( ,jesus to write himself or to commission o!rs to write d[n 8 say+s4 ,! fir/ is1 t he said no?+ :i* c\ld n be f\nd 9 !n exi/+ writ+s 7z c easily be %[n71 & ! second is1 t he 0 s sure t ! _w 0 ab\t to be de/roy$1 & t 8 own k+dom w\ld s soon be set up & e/abli%$ ^u ! g5]al ru91 t x 0 useless to write d[n :at 0 said & done 9 ! %ort rema9+ p]iod ( mundane hi/ory4 ,we h f\r brief sket*es claim+ to be biographies ( ,jesus1 :i* ! ,*ur* claims z au!ntic1 f :i* we mu/ draw all our in=mation reg>d+ ,jesus4 ,x is n necess>y "h to assign ! reasons ( le>n$ critics = _! conclusion t ! ,gospel 8accord+ to0 ,m>k is ! old] ( ! f\r4 ,b x is wor?y ( note t !re is n 9 x "o ^w ( ! miracul\s conception /ory1 & n a h9t ( ! bodily resurrection & asc5sion ( ,jesus1 z ! critics h a way ( prov+ t ! la/ *apt] ( ,m>k 0 add$ by a lat] h&4 ,!n we are emb>rass$ by ! te/imony ( ,ir5u1 ,orig51 ,j]ome1 & o!r ,*ri/ian ,fa!rs t ! ,gospel ( ,mat!w 0 writt5 9 ,hebrew1 :ile !re are indubitable int]nal evid5ces t ?is ,gospel1 z we h x1 0 writt5 9 ,greek & by a ,greek1 & n a ,jew1 & t x is really a !ological treatise writt5 by "s p>tisan = ecclesia/ical reasons1 & t if ,mat!w ev] wrote a ,gospel1 x has be5 un=tunately lo/ or purposely de/roy$4 ,an e>ly ,*ri/ian sect1 call$ 9 d]ision ,ebionites1 are suppos$ to h _h ! ,hebrew ,gospel ( ,mat!w1 & !y 7 p]secut$ & /amp$ out = d5y+ ! miracul\s conception & div9ity ( ,*ri/1 & ) !m1 "s critics suppose1 p]i%$ ! only g5u9e ,gospel ( ,mat!w4 ,!re is little if any d\bt t ! fir/ & second *apt]s ( our ,mat!w1 giv+ an acc\nt ( ! miracul\s bir? & g5ealogy ( ,jesus1 7 add$ :5 ?is fiction 0 incorporat$ into ,*ri/ianity z necess>y to a div9e ,*ur* e/abli%m5t :i* %\ld almo/ deify a hi]>*y & br+ ! common p into subjection4 ,9 read+ ,mat!w's ,gospel we %\ld und\bt$ly beg9 at *apt] #c1 & especially z ! fir/ two *apt]s are absurd1 contradictory1 & inconsi/5t4 ,if ,jesus 0 begott5 by ! ,holy ,gho/1 x 0 n consi/5t or necess>y to notice ! g5ealogy ( ,joseph1 & !re is no?+ m bungl+ ?an ! g5ealogies ( ,m>y & ,joseph z giv5 9 ,mat!w & ,luke4 ,inde$1 ! "n ,mat!w is n ,jewi%1 & !re are ^? :o d\bt if !re ev] 0 su* a man4 ,x is a sugge/ive fact t ! ,egyptians _h a ,mat?u1 & t he 0 ! regi/r>1 or keep] ( _! records4 ,! ,gospel ascrib$ to ,luke he himself admits to be a rsum or compilation ( :at _h be5 writt5 by o!rs & 0 ! preval5t belief 7,luke1 *apt] #a74 ,9 mak+ a close analysis ( ?is little tract a le>n$ ,g]man critic ,s*lei]ma*]1 %[s t x 0 probably compil$ f ?irty-?ree diff]5t manuscripts4 ,b s9ce ,luke himself claims no?+ m ?an ! (fice ( a collector1 8 "w is a m]e dige/ ( :at o!rs _h writt5 & a summ>y ( :at 0 !n believ$ by "s p]sons4 ,! ,gospel accord+ to ,john des]ves a m c>eful & ext5d$ notice1 f ! fact t x diff]s 9 s _m p>ticul>s f ! o!r ?ree ,gospels4 ,!re is no evid5ce ( ! exi/5ce ( ?is writ+ until ,a4 ,d4 #age1 :5 x 0 m5tion$ 9 ! ,clem5t9e ,homilies17#a7 & 9 #agf1 ,!ophilus ( ,antio* ascrib$ its au?or%ip to ,john4 ,b no?+ is m c]ta9 ?an t ,john ! ,evangeli/ did n write ?is little book1 z x conta9s int]nal evid5ce ( its ,grecian orig91 & t x c\ld n h be5 writt5 by "o famili> ) ,judaism & ! geography ( ,pale/9e4 ,_m ( ! be/ biblical s*ol>s1 or?odox & rationali/ic1 admit ?is fact1 & our ,me?odi/ fri5ds may amuse !mselves at _! leisure 9 read+ a le>n$ note f ! p5 ( _! great comm5tator1 ,dr4 ,adam ,cl>ke1 at ! close ( 8 exposition ( ! fir/ *apt] ( ,john1 9 :i* he po9ts out ?irty-five p>allels betwe5 ! writ+s ( ,philo ! le>n$ ,platoni/ & ! ,gospel ( ,john1 unwitt+ly %[+ t x mu/ h be5 writt5 by an ,alex&rian ,greek4 7#a7 ,^! 7 spuri\s4 ,& "r "h x is prop] to expose an anci5t fraud p]petuat$ 9 ! ,*ur* to ! pres5t day--to wit1 t ,papius & ,polyc>p1 e>ly ,*ri/ian writ]s1 7 p]sonally acqua9t$ ) & in/ruct$ by ,john1 & t !re=e a succession 0 e/abli%$ ) ! tea*+s ( ,jesus himself1 ^: p]sonal disciple ,john 04 ,?is /ory 0 orig9at$ by ,ir5u1 & ! fraud consi/s 9 conf\nd+ ,john ! son ( ,zeb$ee & ,salome ) "o ,john :o 0 said to be a presbyt] 9 ,asia ,m9or4 ,?is +5i\s device is cle>ly expos$ by ,reb] 9 8 "w--,! ,enigmas ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,ir5u1 bi%op ( ,lyons1 may be call$ "o ( ! f\nd]s ( ! papal hi]>*y1 z he 9 ! second c5tury attempt$1 b mis]ably fail$1 to furni% a catalogue ( bi%ops 9 ord]ly succession f ! apo/les2 & soon aft] he 0 foll[$ 9 ! same va9 attempt by ,t]tullian1 :o fir/ claim$ supremacy = ! bi%op ( ,rome1 call+ him 8epis-copus episcoporum10 a bi%op ( bi%ops4 ,! fact is1 x is n kn[n :o wrote ! f\r? ,gospel1 b x is c]ta9 t x 0 n writt5 by ! humble1 amiable ,galilean fi%]man1 b by a le>n$ neo-,platoni/1 :o 0 famili> ) ! dialectics ( ! le>n$ ,gno/ic philosoph]s1 & :o desir$ mo/ e>ne/ly _! complete suppression z ess5tial to ! success ( ! fix$ purpose ( prie/s to e/abli% a ,*ur*1 "u an alleg$ div9e commission1 9 :i* !y 7 to be ! k+s & pr9ces4 ,prie/s h always be5 ! corrupt]s & p]v]t]s ( tru? = _! own aggr&izem5t1 & ! ,grecian treatise palm$ ^u ! ,*ur* z ! ,gospel ( ,/4 ,john is "o ( ! mo/ illu/ri\s examples4 ,b = ?is s-call$ 8,gospel0 ! exi/5ce ( ! papal hi]>*y1 & ! consequ5t prie/ly pret5sions 9 ,prote/ant *ur*es1 w\ld h be5 impossible4 ,en\gh has be5 pres5t$ to %[ t we h no alt]native b to dep5d ^u ! synoptical ,gospels1 cr$it$ to ,mat!w1 ,m>k1 & ,luke1 9 our inquiry z to ,jesus4 ,n[ let u see j :]e we /& z to ! s\rces ( in=mation to :i* we are to look 9 le>n+ :om ,jesus 04 #a4 ,we are re/rict$ to f\r1 if n ?ree1 %ort biographies1 accr$it$ to ,mat!w1 ,m>k1 ,luke1 & ,john1 only two ( :om1 ,mat!w & ,john1 7 m5tion$ among ! disciples ( ,jesus4 #b4 ,t ^! sket*es 7 writt5 by ^? ^: names !y be> is n support$ by a p>ticle ( pro(1 b1 on ! o!r h&1 !re is /rong evid5ce t !y 7 n writt5 by ! p]sons to :om !y are cr$it$2 & ?is is especially true 9 reg>d to ,mat!w & ,john4 ,/rictly speak+1 our ,gospels are anonym\s4 #c4 ,^! docum5ts are )\t date1 bo? z to ! "t 9 :i* !y are writt5 & ! place ( writ+1 & !re is no pro( ( _! exi/5ce until m ?an "o hundr$ & fifty ye>s aft] ! alleg$ occurr5ce ( ! ?+s record$4 #d4 ,t ^! f\r ,gospels 7 select$ f _m o!r writ+s mo/ ( :i* h be5 lo/ or de/roy$4 #e4 ,t ! m5 :o made our f\r ,gospels canonical1 & reject$ all ! re/1 7 = ! mo/ "p n>r[1 bigot$ p>tisans1 & _h good reasons ( a selfi% nature to reject :atev] did n favor _! ambiti\s designs4 #f4 ,we h no pro( t ! f\r ,gospels made canonical by ! e>ly ecclesia/ical c\ncils 7 ! orig9al writ+s ( ! evangeli/s1 ev5 if we 7 sure t !y wrote any?+1 nor h we any pro( t ! copies adopt$ 7 g5u9e & au!ntic & ! be/ !n extant4 #g4 ,we h no pro( t ! copies we h are accurate copies ( ! ones adopt$ by ! c\ncils1 b we h pro( positive1 admitt$ by ! ,new ,v]sion-i/s ( #ahha1 t !y conta9 _m int]polations & additions & _m evid5ces ( =g]ies & alt]ations by ! ignorant1 design+1 & selfi% ecclesia/ics ( ! m$iaeval c5turies kn[n z ! ,d>k ,ages4 #h4 ,t ! ,au?oriz$ ,v]sion read 9 ! *ur*es & 9 our families is bas$ ^u ,,mss4 dat+ f ! twelf? to ! sixte5? c5tury1 & t only fragm5t>y ,,mss4 & unau!nticat$ copies are n[ 9 exi/5ce1 dat+ f ! f\r?1 fif?1 & six? c5turies4 #i4 ,t ! copies we h b\nd up 9 our ,new ,te/am5t contradict !mselves & "o ano!r 9 a great _m p>ticul>s1 & conta9 _m /atem5ts :i* are geographically1 hi/orically1 & philosophically absurd & incr$ible4 #aj4 ,t1 !re=e1 our ,gospels are ( unc]ta9 au?ority & ( und\bt$ human orig91 & are to be s reg>d$ )\t a d\bt4 ,n[1 x w be said t ?is is an infidel attack ^u ! ,new ,te/am5t1 & t x t5ds to ! ov]?r[ ( ! only religion t c d ! _w any good4 ,& yet1 /range z x may appe>1 ^! facts are pres5t$ 9 ! be/ int]e/s ( true religion--pres5t$ because !y are true1 & !re=e be/ adapt$1 nay absolutely ess5tial1 to ! successful def5se & propagation ( virtue & morality4 ,! real infidels ( ! day are ! !ological li>s & pret5d]s :o are wilfully ignorant1 or too di%one/ & c[>dly to publi% :at !y "k4 ,infidelity is brea* ( tru/1 disloyalty to tru?4 ,he :o w\ld d ! mo/ good mu/ tell ! :ole tru?4 ,if we reg>d ! ,gospels z simple compilations f e>li] docum5ts & traditions1 ) occasional additions & alt]ations to meet occasions & times1 we %all f9d 9 !m v _m ?+s to admire & to adopt into our problems ( life & sy/ems ( morals1 _m ?+s wor?y ( imitation1 _m ?+s to give c\rage & com=t 9 ! /ruggle = exi/5ce1 _m ?+s :i* w\ld be j z true & j z useful if !y _h only be5 writt5 ye/]day by "s "o :om we h kn[n f our *ildhood4 ,reg>d+ ! ,gospels z human1 we c excuse _! absurdities & errors1 & :ile we ca/ ^! errors aside we joyfully accept :at is true & good & beautiful2 b by claim+ = !m :at !y are n we br+ ev5 :at is true into disrepute4 ,x 0 a ma/]-/roke ( worldly wisdom & policy :5 ,ir5u 9 ! second c5tury 7:o fir/ m5tion$ our f\r ,gospels7 sanction$ ! mon/r\s assumption ( all ecclesia/ical au?ority by div9e "r by ! bi%ops & prie/s1 :i* p[] soon became c5traliz$ at ,rome2 b x 0 ! greate/ mis=tune ( ! ages = ! cause ( true religion & s\nd morality4 ,x n only made ! ,*ur* ( ,rome ) its imm5se ma*9]y a necess>y result1 b x made ! n less false sy/ems ( ,prote/ant dogmatic !ology possible4 ,!re is no use 9 attempt+ to disguise ! fact t ! s-call$ s*eme ( r$emption is 9 pr9ciple & sub/ance ! same 9 ! ,ca?olic & or?odox ,prote/ant ,*ur*es4 ,_m intellig5t p]sons feel t !y w\ld z soon belong to "o z ! o!r1 :ile !y secretly reg>d ! ,romani/s z logically ! m consi/5t4 ,! ,romani/s are /rong 9 t !y place ! ,*ur* fir/ 7jure div9o7 & make ! scriptures ! product ( ! ,*ur*1 & ( c\rse subject to its int]pretation4 ,prote/ants are weak 9 t !y make ! ,*ur* subject to writt5 scriptures1 :i* 7 select$ by ! f\nd]s ( ,ca?olicism1 & !n = c5turies alt]$1 =g$1 int]polat$1 & manipulat$ by popes & prie/s to /r5g!n _! au?ority & secure ! absolute submission ( ! p4 ,! "o fatal blund] ( ! ,prote/ant ,re=m]s 0 to f\nd _! sy/em ( !ology ^u a writt5 book ( ! orig9 ( :i* s little is kn[n1 & yet reg>d+ :i* s mu* is kn[n t x is impossible = p]sons ( a rational1 judicial m9d to accept x z an infallible sup]natural revelation4 ,! conclusion is inevitable t 9 ! abs5ce ( ev]y?+ t1 by ev5 a /ra9 ( language1 c be call$ evid5ce z to ! g5u95ess & au!nticity1 ( our ,gospels we _c safely accept !m z an infallible au?ority 9 religi\s matt]s4 ,we h a "r to exam9e !m critically1 j z we w\ld read & /udy any o!r anci5t writ+s ( unc]ta9 au?or%ip & date4 ,! ,re=mation 0 9 "p ! sub/itution ( a book :i* 0 pron\nc$ infallible1 b :i* has prov$ to be v fallible1 = a ,*ur* :i* claim$ infallibility1 b :i* _h %[n itself n only v fallible1 b exce$+ly corrupt & dang]\s4 ,infallibility belongs to nei!r m5 nor books4 ,infallibility 9 books is an absurdity4 ,a religion f\nd$ ^u a pr9t$ book mu/ submit to exam9ation ( bo? ! orig9 & "* ( t book1 & mu/ %\ld] ! imp]fections & errors :i* ! discov]ies ( mod]n rese>* h fully expos$4 ,! pr9ciples ( true religion inh]5t 9 human nature1 an in]adicable con/itu5t ( ! con/itution ( man1 z has be5 %[n1 are to-day obscur$ & %ackl$ by ! false position 9 :i* its pr(ess$ fri5ds h plac$ x4 ,x w be %[n be=e ^! pap]s are conclud$ t a religion manacl$ by a pr9t$ book claim+ infallibility1 & made to dep5d solely ^u an hi/orical "* :o1 if admitt$ to be hi/orical1 wrote no?+ himself & commission$ no "o to write any?+ = him1 & ( ^: v]bal tea*+s & actual mode ( life we c nev] be sure1--a religion ?us encumb]$ mu/ suff] great loss1 if n total failure1 z m5 %all progress 9 k & sci5ce %all uncov] ! pa/ & demon/rate ! absurdities ( ! sup]/iti\s dogmas ( ! anci5t fai?s4 ,x is impossible to compress ! l>ge/ bra9s ( ! n9ete5? c5tury into ! smalle/ skulls ( ! twelf? c5tury4 ,! true fri5d ( religion is ! fe>less man :o d>es attempt to rescue x f ! accretions & p]v]sions ( ! ,d>k ,ages1 & to e/abli% its et]nal pr9ciples ( tru? & righte\sness 9 ! v nature ( man1 9 ! elevation ( moral "*1 9 /rict agreem5t ) ! demon/rat$ facts ( ! pres5t1 z oppos$ to ! bigot$ & degrad+ fancies ( ! pa/4 ,to def5d religion f ! follies ( its mi/ak5 *ampions1 & %[ t its f\ndations are secure & its ultimate triumph c]ta91 may n[ be d5\nc$ z treason to ! ,*ur*1 b 9 com+ ye>s x w be se5 to h be5 ! "w ( m5 ( :om ! ,*ur* ( to-day is n wor?y4 ,! fact is1 v little is kn[n ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 b too mu* is well kn[n to receive x 9 evid5ce 9 a matt] ( s mu* importance4 ,! n>ratives x conta9s w\ld be rul$ out ( c\rt 9 any civiliz$ c\ntry on ! globe4 ,x is evid5tly a huge compilation ( :at 0 at be/ only traditions among ! nations ( ! e>?1 & ev5 ^! traditions1 mix$ & mangl$ z !y are1 mu/ h ano!r & a m rational explanation ?an an hi/orical or a lit]al "o4 ,?is book _c be an infallible div9e revelation4 ,let u see :e!r we _c f9d out :at 0 really int5d$ to be taught by ! diff]5t writ]s4 ,,*apt] ,x4 ,,! ,,drama ,,( ,,! ,,gospels 8,great is ! my/]y ( godl9ess40--#a ,tim4 #c3af4 8,we speak ! wisdom ( ,god 9 a my/]y40--#a ,cor4 #b3g4 8,i speak z to wise m52 judge ye :at ,i say40--#a ,cor4 #aj3ae4 ,,9 e>ly times e prom95t religi\s tea*] _h 8 own gospel1 z ,paul ass]ts t he _h 84 ,! books t 7 canoniz$ did n by any means %ape ! belief ( ! e>ly ,*ri/ians1 b1 on ! contr>y1 _! beliefs %ap$ ! "* ( ! books4 8,! "q ( a #8,ca?olic canon1'0 says ,pr(essor ,davidson1 80 realiz$ ab\t ! same "t z ! idea ( a ,ca?olic ,*ur*40 ,! p>tisan%ip1 l[ trick]y1 & mob viol5ce by :i* votes ( c\ncils 7 obta9$ to e/abli% ecclesia/ical dogmas1 ! canonicity ( ,scriptures1 etc41 7 su* z n[-a-days *>act]ize a political meet+ 9 ! slums ( an ,am]ican city4 ,:ile1 !re=e1 we quote ! /atem5ts ( ! ,gospels to prep>e ! way = ! pres5tation ( our po9ts ( argum5t1 we d s only = conv5i5ce4 ,!y _c1 by any rule ( s\nd criticism1 te/imony ( contempor>y writ]s1 or ev5 ( spiritual disc]nm5t1 be accept$ z hi/orical4 ,! composition ( ! f\r ,gospels indicates 9 _m ways t !y 7 orig9ally collections ( religi\s /ories1 ea* ( :i* has a moral ( its own1 l ! fables ( sop1 or1 m prop]ly1 ! n>ratives conc]n+ ,buddha giv5 9 ! ,dhammapada4 ,?is 0 a common mode ( writ+ 9 e>ly times4 ,hi/ory & biography 7 h>dly consid]$4 ,h5ce contradictions ( v]bal /atem5t 7 n c\nt$ z ( any importance4 ,?is is probably ! reason :y ! transcrib]s neglect$ to remove ! conflicts ( /atem5t & o!r inaccuracies t ab\nd 9 ! ,gospels4 ,x is also m ?an probable t _m p>ts ( ^! works :i* h a n>rative =m 7 lat] int]polations4 ,! fir/ two *apt]s ( ,mat!w & ! fir/ two 9 ! ,gospel accord+ to ,luke are unequivocally ( ?is "*4 ,! /yle & diction are conspicu\sly unlike ! language ( ! o!r p>ts ( ^? works1 z w appe> on ! slighte/ notice4 ,! olde/ p>ts ( ! ,new ,te/am5t are ! ,epi/les ( ,paul to ! ,galatians1 ,cor9?ians1 ,romans1 & ,!ssalonians4 ,we w d well1 !re=e1 to /udy !m a little :ile by !mselves1 )\t ref]5ce to ! ,gospels & o!r docum5ts1 :i* 7 ( lat] date4 ,paul ass]ts t he possess$ & promulgat$ a gospel di/9ct & diff]5t f o!rs1 & he pron\nc$ an ana!ma on ! man or angel t %\ld tea* any diff]5t "o4 ,! way t he became possess$ ( x he sets =? z foll[s3 ,he _h no conf]5ce ) any human be+ :atsoev] ab\t ! matt]1 nor _h he any?+ to d ) ^? :o 7 apo/les be=e him1 b he w5t into ,arabia & aft]w>d to ,damascus4 ,a h9t is furni%$ by ,josephus 9 8 hi/ory ( 8 own life :i* ?r[s "s light ^u ! purpose ( ?is soj\rn 9 ,arabia4 ,!re 7 memb]s ( ! ,ess5ean bro!rhood liv+ !re :o 7 resort$ to by individuals desir+ in/ruction & discipl9e4 ,josephus himself w5t ?i!r = t purpose4 ,paul evid5tly _h a simil> err&4 ,he _h be5 a ,ph>isee1 b _h embrac$ ano!r fai?4 ,:y did he *oose ! ,ess5eans 9 pref]5ce to ! ,judean apo/les8 ,! answ] mu/ be t he 0 m c]ta9 ( le>n+ _! t5ets )\t adult]ation4 ,!y 7 fam\s = _! devotion to religi\s /udy1 _! cultivation ( sacr$ lit]ature & ! art ( prophecy1 = _! au/]ity1 indu/ry1 & peculi> social organization4 ,we %all f9d ^u comp>ison t ?is 0 v closely resembl+ :at is repres5t$ ( ! fir/ believ]s at ,j]usalem4 ,!y _h _! episcopacy1 _! deacons or /ew>ds1 _! ,holy ,scriptures1 & apo/les or mission>ies4 ,^! 7 num]\s 9 ,syria1 ,asia ,m9or1 & ,egypt4 ,z ! ,!rapeut ( ! latt] c\ntry resembl$ !m1 ev5 to ! signification ( _! "n 7heal]s1 m9i/]s71 ! probability is t ! two 7 ne>ly id5tical4 ,eusebius1 quot+ ! acc\nt ( ! ,egyptian communes z giv5 by ,philo ! ,jew1 has rem>k$ ! close simil>ity ( _! doctr9es & cu/oms ) ^? ( ! apo/olic congregations1 & decl>$ t !y 7 ,*ri/ians & _! writ+s ! ,gospels4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is n t5able1 at lea/ n t5able 9 ! way t he sugge/s4 ,un=tunately = 8 /atem5t1 ! ,ess5ean bro!rs exi/$1 ) all ! peculi>ities describ$1 long be=e ! ,*ri/ian era4 ,josephus treats ( !m z fl\ri%+ z e>ly z ! "t ( ,jona?an1 ! fir/ ( ! ,maccabeans :o held ! (fice ( high prie/4 ,ab\t t p]iod ! canon ( ! ,old ,te/am5t 0 f9ally collect$4 8,judas ga!r$ toge!r all ^? ?+s t 7 lo/ by reason ( ! w> we _h 7) ,antio*os ,epiphanes & 8 successors71 & !y rema9 ) u0 7#b ,macc4 #b3 #ad74 ,! ,maccabees or ,asmoneans 7 p>tisans ( ! sect kn[n z ,asideans 7,*aldeans71 & aft]w>d z ,ph>isees or ,p>sees4 ,at ?is v p]iod we fir/ le>n ( ! ,sadducees or ,zadokites1 :o *iefly belong$ to ! h]$it>y l9eage ( ,a>on1 & likewise ( ! ,ess5ean frat]nity4 ,^! la/ _h _! own sacr$ books1 & took no "p 9 ! wor%ip & sacrifices ( ! temple4 ,9 %ort1 !y 7 reg>d$ z a p ap>t4 ,_! books1 we h good reason to suppose1 7 diff]5t 9 t5or f ^? ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 & x is by no means improbable t !y includ$ ! scriptures writt5 9 ,greek by ! ,alex&rians & n[ call$ ! ,apocrypha4 ,! designation ,m9im may mean 8obs]v]s ( ! heav5s10 & ! ,ess5es appe> to h be5 su*4 8,be=e sunris+10 says ,josephus1 8!y speak n a ^w ab\t pr(ane matt]s1 b put up c]ta9 pray]s :i* !y h receiv$ f _! =efa!rs1 z if !y made a supplication = its ris+40 ,?is illu/rates ! taunt to ! ,ph>isees1 t !y c\ld disc]n ! face ( ! sky 9 reg>d to ! wea!r1 b c\ld n read !re ! signs or symbols ( ! times1 :i* 7 also writt5 !re4 ,! ,saddukim 7 d\btless ! disciples & p>tisans ( ,judas ( ,galilee1 or ,gaulonitis beyond ,jordan4 ,?is man & 8 colleague ,sadduk began _! c>e] at ! "t ( ! c5sus or enrolm5t by ,cyre-nius1 :i* took place aft] ! displac+ ( ,ar*e-laus1 ! son ( ,h]od ,i41 f ! ?rone ( ,judea4 ,!re are _m plausible reasons = id5tify+ !m ) ! apo/olic congregation4 ,!y e/abli%$ a new religi\s or philosophical sect1 :i* ,josephus decl>es _h a great _m foll[]s1 & laid ! f\ndations ( ! subsequ5t mis]ies ( ! ,jews4 ,_! t5ets agre$ ) ^? ( ! ,ph>isees2 b1 says ! hi/orian1 8!y h an inviolable atta*m5t to lib]ty1 & say t ,god is to be _! only ,rul] & ,"l4 ,!y d n value any k9ds ( dea?1 nor inde$ d !y he$ ! dea?s ( _! relations & fri5ds1 nor c any su* fe> make !m call any man "l40 ,! ,jewi% nation1 ,josephus decl>es1 0 infect$ ) ?is doctr9e to an incr$ible degree4 ,x is pla9 t ! books int]dict$ 9 ! ,talmud p]ta9$ to ! sect :i* foll[$ ^! tea*]s1 & p]haps also to ! ,ess5es4 ,! ,gospels %[ evid5ce ( hav+ be5 compil$ f previ\s works4 ,! "o ascrib$ to ,m>k is app>5tly ! m orig9al1 be+ %ort]1 m concise1 & exhibit+ few] traces ( hav+ be5 tamp]$ )4 ,! ,gospel accord+ to ,mat!w is f ! same orig9al1 hav+ :ole s5t5ces 9 exactly ! same words1 b x is amplifi$ & m diffuse4 ,nei!r ( ^! ,gospels 0 recogniz$ by ,paul1 & inde$ !re is mu* reason to d\bt :e!r he _h ev] se5 !m4 ,if he recogniz$ any evangelic compilation z g5u9e1 x 0 ! "o ascrib$ to ,luke2 & ev5 !n ! treatise mu/ h be5 rewritt5 aft] 8 p]iod4 ,!re exi/s abundant reason = reg>d+ ! ,ess5ean wor%ip z m or less id5tical ) t ( ,mi?ras1 ! ,p]sian 8god ( heav540 ,?is appe>s to be su/a9$ by a comp>ison ( ! cults4 ,?us1 z has be5 rem>k$1 !y p]mitt$ no disc\rse on secul> conc]ns be=e sunrise1 b *ant$ pray]s l ! ,ga?as1 z 9 supplication to ! div9ity presid+ ov] ! sky4 ,_! p]sonal habits exhibit$ a pr(\nd awe = ! ,sun4 ,_! "n itself 0 n peculi> to ! frat]nity ( ,pale/9e & ,arabia1 b 0 borne by ! ascetic prie/s at ,ephesus1 ^: mann] ( life 0 simil>2 & ,plut>* in=ms u t c]ta9 osioi 7ano!r =m ( ! "n7 p]=m$ my/ic rites 9 ! temple ( ,apollo at ,delphi 9 commemoration ( ,zagreus1 ! sun-god ( ! ,orphic religion1 :o 0 sla9 & resuscitat$4 ,! ,p]sian !ology is evid5tly ! basis & s\rce ( ,judaism4 ,! symbolism ( ! univ]se af=d$ a model = _! religion4 ,aft] ! conque/ ( ,pontus & ! pirate empire by ,pompey1 ab\t #gj b4 c41 ! wor%ip 0 introduc$ into ! ,roman empire4 ,! v]dict ( ,salamis 0 ?us rev]s$4 ,! defeat ( ,x]xes1 :o 0 a zeal\s propag&i/1 _h assur$ ! asc5d5cy ( ,apollo at ,delphi & ,demet] at ,eleusis ov] ! religion ( ,ahura ,mazda2 b ! conque/ ( ! ,mi?ras-wor%ipp]s by ,pompey result$ 9 ! introduction ( _! rites into e "p ( ! ,roman _w4 ,f ! riv] ,euphrates to ! ,wall ( ,anton9us 9 ,brita91 & into ! =e/s ( ,g]many1 ,mi?raism ev]y:]e prevail$4 ,= f\r c5turies x disput$ ! supremacy ) ,*ri/ianity2 & ev5 :5 x 0 proscrib$ & =bidd5 by imp]ial au?ority1 x /ill reta9$ its hold ^u ! pagani or inhabitants ( ! rural di/ricts4 ,! ,templ>s & o!r secret frat]nities ( ! ,middle ,ages 7 m or less simil> 9 "* to ^? ( ! ,p>see sun-god1 & ! rites :i* we h he>d d5\nc$ z magic & wit*craft 7 ,mi?raic c]emonies m+l$ ) aborig9al cu/oms4 ,al?\gh ! div9ity is ess5tially ,p]sian1 we _c b reg>d ! secret wor%ip z an ,assyrian in/itution4 ,m4 ,laj>d has giv5 an acc\nt ( ?is cultus1 :i* s g5]ally supplant$ ! my/ic wor%ip ( ! ,we/4 ,! /ory ( ! temptation ( ,jesus1 if read intellig5tly 8betwe5 ! l9es10 w be se5 to indicate ! *>act]i/ics ( ! ,mi?raic initiation4 8,jesus came f ,naz>e? ( ,galilee & 0 baptiz$ by ,john4 ,& /raightway com+ up out ( ! wat] he saw ! heav5s op5$1 & ! ,_s l a dove desc5d+ ^u him2 & !re came a voice f heav5 say+1 ,?is is my belov$ ,son1 9 :om ,i am well pleas$4 ,& imm$iately ! ,_s drive? him into ! wild]ness1 & he 0 !re 9 ! wild]ness =ty days tempt$ ( ,satan ,anra-ma9yas1 & 0 ) ! wild bea/s2 & ! angels m9i/]$ to him40 ,^! diff]5t clauses relate to diff]5t p>ts ( ! my/ic c]emony4 ,! soj\rn ( ! apo/le ,paul 9 ,arabia1 x is app>5t1 0 = a purpose 9 close analogy ) t ( ,jesus 9 ! wild]ness1 z already describ$4 8,x _h pleas$ ,god10 he says1 8to reveal or unveil 8 ,son 9 me20 s1 )\t conf]r+ ) anybody1 he set =? on 8 holy err&1 & ^u 8 return began to prea* a gospel :i* he decl>es 0 n accord+ to man nor taught 9 lessons1 b 0 receiv$ by ! revelation4 ,he 0 in/ruct$ at ! f\nta9 intuitively1 & s 0 8n a :it beh9d ! *iefe/ apo/les40 ,h5ce 9 ! utmo/ int5sity ( feel+ he proclaim$1 8,if we1 or ev5 an angel f heav51 prea* any o!r gospel to y1 let him be accurs$40 ,he goes on to recite ! hi/ory ( 8 c>e] to %[ 8 entire indep5d5ce ( ,judaism & ! o!r apo/les1 & dwells ^u 8 absolute rupture ) ,pet] at ,antio* on ! gr\nd ( ! adh]5ce ( ! latt] to ! disc>d$ re/rictions ( t religion4 ,! "q n[ becomes p]t95t1 ,:at is ! purport ( ?is 8fai?08 ,9 ! fifte5? *apt] ( ! ,fir/ ,cor9?ian ,epi/le he sets =? ! *ief po9ts z foll[s3 8,i deliv]$ unto y fir/ ( all t :i* ,i also receiv$3 h[ t ,*ri/ di$ = our s9s1 accord+ to ! ,scriptures2 also t he 0 buri$1 & t he rose aga9 ! ?ird day1 accord+ to ! ,scriptures2 & t he 0 se5 ( ,cephas1 & aft] t ( above five hundr$ bre?r5 at once2 aft] t he 0 se5 ( ,james1 & !n ( all ! apo/les2 &1 la/ ( all1 he 0 se5 ( me also1 z ( "o born out ( due "t40 ,x may appe> /range to ! common read] to be told t ^! matt]s1 :i* ! apo/le sets =? ) s mu* app>5t confid5ce1 are my/ic & arcane ! transcript ( old] !ologies & con/itut$ ?r\gh\t ( a/rologie symbolism4 ,! anci5t fai?s ( ! diff]5t peoples conta9 doctr9es & dramatic n>rative closely analog\s ) ! evangelic /ory ( ,jesus4 ,! lat] ,p]sians _h ! leg5d ( ,sao%yas 7! savior71 ! son ( ! virg9 ,er$atf]i1 :o conceives him 9 a miracul\s mann]4 8,he w appe> & re/ore all ?+s1 aft] :i* he w himself become subord9ate1 t ! ,creator may be supreme & all 9 all40 ,9 ! ,orphic drama1 z x 0 p]=m$ by ! ,osians at ! temple ( ,apollo at ,delphi1 ! bir? ( ,zagreus ( ! holy maid ,p]sephoneia z ! son ( ! ,supreme ,be+1 ,zeus1 is duly repres5t$2 !n 8 propos$ heir%ip ( ! univ]se1 8 passion & dea?2 & f9ally 8 re/oration aga9 into life ?r\gh a re9c>nation z son ( ! virg9 ,semel "u ! new "n ( ,dionysos4 ,! my? 0 ,assyrian1 ,semel be+ ! same z ,mylitta1 ! my/ic "m1 & h] *ild1 ,%amas ,dian-nisi1 or ! p]sonifi$ ,sun1 ! ,judge or ,"l ( mank9d4 ,! dea?1 resurrection1 & glorification ( ?is ,son ( ,god 7 celebrat$ 9 ! my/ic dramas ( sev]al c\ntries4 ,! leg5ds ( ,atys 9 ,asia ,m9or1 ( ,adonis or ,tammuz 9 ,syria1 ( ,osiris 9 ,egypt1 7 d]iv$ f ! same s\rce4 ,!y cov] ! same field & h ! same occult mean+4 ,! apocalypse1 or unveil+ ( ! my/ic purport ( ! sacr$ dramas to ^? consid]$ wor?y & compet5t to und]/& !m1 0 ! great object ( initiation4 ,! ,gospels 7 reg>d$ =m]ly z acc\nts ( a trag$y ( analog\s "*4 ,! high] function>ies ( ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 we h reason to believe1 h ?is same view1 :i* is m ?an h9t$ 9 sev]al places4 ,paul speaks unequivocally 9 ?is way ( 8 gospel & ! prea*+ or h]ald+ ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 8accord+ to ! revelation or unfold+ ( ! my/]y n[ made kn[n to all nations = ! ob$i5ce ( fai?40 ,:5 ! disciples ask$ ( ,jesus :y he spoke to ! common multitude 9 p>ables he makes ?is reply3 8,unto y x is giv5 to "k ! my/]y ( ! reign ( ,god2 b unto !m t are )\t all ^! ?+s are done 9 p>ables3 t see+ !y may see1 & n p]ceive1 & he>+ !y may he>1 & n und]/&40 ,9 ^! religi\s /ories !re is a v simil> g5]al outl9e4 ,!re is a div9e p>5tage & a c>e] giv52 !n ! ,holy ,"o is put to dea?1 ! corpse is br\ght 9 = burial1 ! tragic occurr5ce is m\rn$ by wom51 & ! c]emonial is conclud$ by 8 resuscitation & asc5sion4 ,!re 7 v>i$ phases ( ! repres5tation1 b !y always _h an intimate relation to ! seasons ( ! ye> & ! analog\s occurr5ces 9 ! _w ( nature4 ,?us ! suppos$ dea? m frequ5tly occurr$ at ! beg9n+ ( spr+1 & 0 m\rn$ = a l5t5 p]iod ( =ty days1 :i* ! v]nal equ9ox br\ght to a close4 ,!n fun]al rites 7 p]=m$1 & aft] ?ree days1 9 ! case ( ,adonis1 x 0 fabl$ t ! god arose & asc5d$ into ! high] sky4 ,9 ! ,dionysia or ,bac*ic rite ! god desc5d$ into hell1 ! _w ( dea?1 & br\ght !nce 8 virg9 "m1 t !y might be glorifi$ toge!r4 ,! ,neo-,platoni/s taught t ^! occult rites 7 a =m ( repres5t+ philosophic & religi\s dogmas z if 9 sc5es ( common life by liv+ p]sons1 & ( %ad[+ !m by c]emonies & processions4 ,?is is m ?an h9t$ by ,plato himself1 & is und\bt$ly true4 ,! c&idates 7 prep>$ = p>ticipation by long p]iods ( fa/+ & v>i\s purifications1 moral & physical4 ,! ,eleus9ia consi/$ ( a drama ( sev]al days 9 duration1 9 :i* ! abduction1 or r dea?1 ( ,p]sephon & ! w&]+s ( h] "m ,demet] s]v$ z ! veil or myesis to ! doctr9e ( resurrection & life ( et]nity4 ,! au?or ( ,! ,great ,dionysiak ,my? has ably pres5t$ ! v>i\s =ms ( ! ,bac*ic rites ) ! same basis & dn\em5t4 ,ev5 ! ,hebrew ,scriptures allude to ! matt]4 ,! 8m\rn+ = ! only "o0 is m5tion$ by ,j]emiah1 ,amos1 & ,ze*>iah4 ,t ! /ory ( ,jesus 0 9 l mann] a drama = religi\s ends1 consi/+ ( a miracul\s p>5tage1 a c>e] ( goodness1 a passion1 dea?1 resurrection1 & asc5sion1 is1 to say ! lea/1 no improbable solution ( ! "q4 ,x has also be5 notic$ t ! ev5ts ( ! seasons 7 d5ot$ by ! my/ic symbolism4 ,! sun1 />s1 con/ellations1 & e>? are commemorat$ 9 reg>d to _! annual c>e]s by ^! obs]vances2 :e!r because !y 7 ess5tial to ! physical well-be+ ( man or 7 especially appropriate = symbology diff]5t writ]s h conjectur$ diff]5tly1 accord+ to _! own m5tal peculi>ities4 ,probably bo? are "r1 s f> z _! views ext5d4 ,x becomes u n[ to inve/igate ! drama ( ! ,gospels m c>efully4 ,! my?ologic /ory ( ,mi?ras 0 probably ,assyrian 9 detail1 ?\gh ,p]sian 9 fir/ conception4 ,x embrac$ ! same notions z 7 d5ot$ by ! my/]ies ( ! ,we/]n peoples1 & h5ce ! ,mi?raic wor%ip 9 a v great degree sup]s$$ ! arcane religions ( ,asia ,m9or & ,europe4 ,v naturally1 z may easily be p]ceiv$1 ! framework ( ! ,gospel n>rative is on ! basis ( ^! rites4 ,! influ5ce ( ! o!r anci5t fai?s is also conspicu\sly manife/4 ,! physical1 & p>ticul>ly ! a/ronomic1 features are ev]y:]e pres5t 9 ! ext]nal /ructure ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,sir ,isaac ,newton 0 quick to p]ceive t ! fe/ivals ( ! ,*ur* _h be5 fix$ & arrang$ ^u ! obs]v$ ph5om5a ( ! heav5s1 & gave a detail$ li/ ( correspond5ces4 ,x 0 n prud5t1 h[ev]1 ev5 9 8 "t1 = a man to say all he knew1 & he c>efully avoid$ ! draw+ ( any conclusions :i* might enc\rage fur!r inquiry 9 t direction4 ,x has already be5 sugge/$ t ! gospel ( ,paul 0 at ! bottom ,ess5ean & ,mi?raic2 & 9 accordance ) t hypo!sis ! crucifixion1 dea?1 burial1 resurrection1 & asc5sion w\ld be sol> & a/rologic ev5ts4 ,! ,ess5es1 z well z ! o!r ,mi?ras-wor%ipp]s1 ador$ ! sun & greet$ 8 ris+ ) invocations & sacr$ *ants4 ,! dea? & resurrection 7 8accord+ to ! ,scriptures40 ,9 o!r words1 !y 7 duly set =? aft] ! mann] ( lit]al occurr5ces 9 ! sacr$ books ( ! ,ess5es long be=e ,paul 0 born4 ,! adepts ( t frat]nity und]/ood ! matt]1 & ! ho/ility :i* !y & ! o!r disciples always exhibit$ t[>d ! great apo/le 0 because he divulg$ too mu*4 ,8 writ+s conta9$ _m dysnoetic matt]s1 ,pet] decl>$--_m matt]s ( high] k improp]ly express$1 :i* !y t are unle>n$ & un/able might wre/ to _! own hurt4 ,accord+ to ! scriptures ( ! bro!rhood1 ! drama ( ! ,gospel _h its dn\em5t 9 ! passion & trag$y ( ,jesus4 ,paul1 l a g5u9e adept1 has accept$ ?is n>rative z ! basis ( 8 gospel2 nev]!less1 z ?\gh aw>e t x is a figurative r ?an a lit]al occurr5ce1 he n[h]e speaks ( ! crucifixion z a crime4 ,we use ! t]m drama 9 ?is connection f a delib]ate purpose1 because we believe x correct4 ,x 0 ! designation ( ! matt]s repres5t$ 9 ! ,eleus9ian1 ,dionysiac1 & o!r arcane rites4 ,! !atre ( ! ,greeks consi/$ ( su* tragic & o!r repres5tations1 :i* 7 p]=m$ at ! temples ( ,bac*us & sculapius4 ,our mod]n !atre orig9at$ 9 l mann] f ! my/]ies & mir-acle-plays ( ! ,middle ,ages1 9 :i* monks & prie/s act$ ! p>ts ( ! diff]5t p]sons ( ! ,gospel drama4 ,! 8,passion ,play10 :i* excites s mu* int]e/ 9 ^! mod]n times1 is v sugge/ive1 b little und]/ood by sac]dotali/s4 ,! ,*ri/ian wor%ip 9 ! e>li] c5turies 0 n s unlike or incongru\s ) ! pagan cu/oms z may h be5 suppos$4 ,! emp]or ,hadrian1 :5 9 ,egypt1 0 =cibly impress$ ) ! app>5t id5tity ( ! wor%ipp]s ( ,s]apis ) ^? ( ,*ri/4 8,^? :o wor%ip ,s]apis are ,*ri/ians10 he decl>$1 8& ^? :o call !mselves ,*ri/ian bi%ops are devotees ( ,s]apis4 ,! v patri>* himself :5 he came into ,egypt 0 said by "s to wor%ip ,s]apis & by o!rs to wor%ip ,*ri/40 ,! same ambiguity prevail$ 9 ! case ( ,*ri/ianity :]e x _h be5 9 contact ) ! arcane wor%ip ( ,mi?ras4 ,seel endeavors to expla9 ! matt] z "o ( policy4 ,he /ates t ! e>ly ,*ri/ians 9 ,g]many = ! mo/ "p o/5sibly paid wor%ip to ! ,roman gods 9 ord] to escape p]secution4 ,he makes a supposition z reg>ds ! adoption ( ! secret religion4 8,x is by no means improbable10 says he1 8t "u ! p]mitt$ symbols ( ,mi?ras !y wor%ipp$ ! ,son ( ,god & ! my/]ies ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,9 ?is po9t ( view10 he adds1 8! ,mi?raic monum5ts s frequ5t 9 ,g]many are evid5ces ( ! secret fai? ( ! e>ly ,*ri/ian ,romans40 ,we are n ready to accept ?is notion t ! ,*ri/ians paid homage to "o ,god1 mean+ ano!r at ! same "t1 except on ! hypo!sis t !y reg>d$ ,mi?ras & ,jesus z virtually ! same p]sonification4 ,?is conclusion seems to be c\nt5anc$ by ,augu/9e1 ! celebrat$ bi%op ( ,hippo4 8,i "k10 says he1 8t ! wor%ipp]s ( ! div9ity 9 ! cap ! /atues ( ,mi?ras 7 decorat$ ) ! r$ ,phrygian or c>d9al's cap us$ to say1 #8,our god 9 ! cap is ,*ri/ian4'0 ,t ! crucifixion ( ,*ri/ 0 n a lit]al hi/oric occurr5ce seems to require no argum5t4 ,besides1 ! fir/ day ( ! ,passov] 0 nev] a ,friday1 nor c x be accord+ to ! e/abli%$ pr9ciples ( ! ,jewi% cal5d>4 ,! acc\nt 9 ! ?ree synoptic ,gospels is !re=e manife/ly n correct z a lit]al occurr5ce2 & ! unkn[n writ] ( ! ,gospel ( ,john has lamely attempt$ to evade ! difficulty by plac+ ! crucifixion on ! day be=e ! ,passov]4 ,!re 0 a my/ic reason1 h[ev]1 = ?is /atem5t ( ! synoptic ,gospels4 ,! /ory ( ! crucifixion _h ! same occult mean+ z t ( ! dep>ture ( ! ,israelites f ,egypt4 ,! =ty days 9 :i* ,jesus 8%[$ himself alive aft] 8 passion0 correspond$ ) ! =ty ye>s ( w&]+ 9 ! wild]ness4 ,h5ce1 z ! ,israelites left ,egypt on ! fir/ day ( ! ,passov]1 s ,jesus 0 also crucifi$ on t day4 ,n be+ an hi/orical ev5t1 "o actually occurr+1 ! /atem5t 0 p]mitt$ 9 ord] to pres]ve ! h>mony & id5tity ( ! my?s4 ,z1 h[ev]1 ! /ory is a/rological1 we ne$ only expla9 t ! sun cross+ ! equ9octial l9e at ! #ba/ ( ,m>* is ?us crucifi$1 ! ecliptic & ! equator con/itut+ ! real cross 9 ! =m ( ! lett] ,x4 ,on ! ?ird day he appe>s asc5d+ 9 ! nor!rn hemisph]e1 & s is 8rais$ aga9 accord+ to ! ,scriptures40 ,paul1 :ile ref]r+ to ^! matt]s z app>5tly hi/orical1 nev] dep>ts f _! symbolic import4 ,9 fact1 he dwells ^u ?is s emphatically t ! ev5ts are only m5tion$ = ! purpose ( indicat+ 8 mean+ m def9itely4 8,i am crucifi$ ) ,*ri/10 says he2 8!y t are ( ,*ri/ h crucifi$ ! fle% ) its affections & lu/s40 ,nobody w = a mom5t imag9e t ?is crucifixion meant any physical viol5ce1 b only a a/+ (f ( ^? dispositions :i* are ess5tially unspiritual4 8,our old man is crucifi$10 ,paul expla9s aga91 89 ord] t ! body ( s9 might be de/roy$2444 likewise reckon ye also y\rselves to be dead inde$ unto s91 b alive unto ,god40 ,?is is ! real mean+ ( ! dea? & resurrection z a spiritual matt]4 ,! ext]nal hi/ory :i* is s mu* insi/$ ^u by ! p>tisans ( ! lett] vani%es utt]ly away be=e ! eyes ( him :o p]ceives z well z sees1 & und]/&s ?r\gh intellig5ce r ?an by sci5tific & logical reason+4 ,! e>ly ,fa!rs ( ! ,*ur* nev] scrupl$ to employ rites1 symbols1 & o!r ag5cies :i* _h be5 previ\sly us$ by ! v>i\s prie/hoods ( !' pagan wor%ips4 ,! entire biography ( ,jesus1 z x is set =? 9 ! ,gospels1 exhibits unequivocally a/rological features1 & a resemblance to ! n>ratives ( ! gods s close z to be equival5t almo/ to actual id5tity4 ,! miracul\s conception 0 b a c\nt]p>t ( _m o!rs3 ,atys1 ,adonis1 ,h]cules1 ,bac*us1 & sculapius 7 fabl$ to h be5 sons ( gods by human mo!rs4 ,! #be? ( ,decemb] 0 also ! bir?day ( ,mi?ras2 & ,*ryso/om1 ) *>act]i/ic sophi/ry & equivocation1 expla9s ! matt] & ju/ifies x z foll[s3 8,on ?is day also ! bir?day ( ,*ri/ 0 lately fix$ at ,rome1 9 ord] t :ile ! hea!n 7 busi$ ) _! pr(ane c]emonies ! ,*ri/ians might p]=m _! holy rites undi/urb$40 ,he adds3 8,!y call ?is ! bir?day ( ! ,inv9cible ,"o3 :o s inv9cible z ! ,"l t ov]?rew & conqu]$ dea?8 ,!y /yle x ! bir?day ( ! sun2 he is ! ,sun ( righte\sness ( :om ,mala*i speaks3 #8,^u y :o fe> my "n ! ,sun ( righte\sness %all arise ) heal+ 9 8 w+s4'0 ,at ! v outset a s]i\s difficulty is enc\nt]$4 ,:5 ! ,roman emp]or ,!odosius1 fifte5 c5turies ago1 decre$ ! univ]sal au?ority ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*1 he comm&$ also t all books ( ! philosoph]s & o!rs n accord+ to ! new fai? %\ld be de/roy$4 ,?is leaves only ! collection kn[n z ! ,new ,te/am5t & ! writ+s ( c]ta9 !ologians1 toge!r ) c]ta9 ,gospels1 ,epi/les1 & ,apocalypses d5om9at$ apocryphal :i* 7 extant dur+ ! e>li] c5turies ( our era4 ,9 addition to ?is1 !re is int]nal evid5ce 9 ! writ+s n[ reg>d$ z canonical t !y h be5 abridg$1 add$ to1 & *ang$1 s t ! s5se is m or less obscur$ & doctr9es are affirm$ :i* 7 n 9 ! orig9al docum5ts4 ,) ! exception1 p]haps1 ( "s ( ! ,epi/les ( ,paul1 ,james1 & ,fir/ ,pet] !re is no evid5ce1 or ev5 probability1 t any o!r book ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 :e!r ,gospel1 ,epi/le1 or ,apocalypse1 0 writt51 or ev5 kn[n1 by ! individual ^: "n x be>s4 ,inde$1 x is well kn[n among /ud5ts t ! practice 0 =m]ly common to app5d ! "n ( "s di/+ui%$ p]sonage to a lett] or treatise & put x =? ) ?is to comm5d x4 8,our ance/ors10 says ! philosoph] ,jambli*us1 8us$ to inscribe _! own writ+s ) ! "n ( ,h]ms1 he be+ z common prop]ty to all ! prie/s40 ,v significant1 !re=e1 is ! clause 8accord+ to0 :i* occurs 9 ! title ( e "o ( ! f\r ,gospels4 ,ea* ( !m has be5 9 exi/5ce "s fifte5 or sixte5 c5turies 8)\t fa!r1 )\t "m10 or any o!r v\*] or gu>antee z evid5ce ( ! tru? ( ! /atem5ts :i* x conta9s4 ,we h no obligation to hesitate 9 our av[al t n "o ( ! f\r reput$ evangeli/s _h any?+ to d ) ! production to :i* 8 "n is affix$4 ,! works mu/ /& ^u _! intr9sic m]its1 & receive consid]ation accord+ly4 ,two c5turies _h pass$ away aft] ! beg9n+ ( ! pres5t era be=e ! designation ( ,new ,te/am5t 0 us$ 9 connection ) any collection ( writ+s1 & be=e any special au?ority 0 claim$ = !m4 ,! m5 :o fir/ sugge/$ _! canonicity 7 ,ir5u ( ,lyons1 ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria1 & ,t]tullian ( ,c>?age4 ,nei!r ( ^! m51 s f> z is kn[n1 made any attempt to demon/rate t any book ( ! collection 0 g5u9e or au!ntic4 ,pr(essor ,davidson has decl>$ 9 reg>d to ! scribes :o made ! copies ( ! books ( ! ,old ,te/am5t t !y did n refra9 f *ang+ :at _h be5 writt5 or ins]t+ fre% matt]4 ,! same c\rse has be5 tak5 likewise ) ! text ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,h]etics & or?odox alike add$ to its matt] 9 ord] to e/abli% _! peculi> dogmas4 ,! text is n[h]e pure4 ,! doctr9es ( ! ,tr9ity1 ! ,nativity ( ,jesus1 8 ,godhead & equality ) ! ,fa!r1 ! /ory ( ,m>y1 7 all introduc$ f ,egypt & engraft$ into ! ,gospels4 ,jesus is repres5t$ z hav+ be5 born 9 a cave or /able at ! mom5t ( midnight4 ,at t p]iod ! con/ellation ,virgo is cut exactly 9 half by ! ea/]n horizon1 ! sun itself be+ b5ea? 9 ! zodiacal sign ( ,capricorn1 :i* 0 also call$ 8! ,/able ( ,augeas0 t ,h]cules 0 set to cleanse4 ,ju/9 ,m>tyr corroborates ?is by /at+ t ,*ri/ 0 born :5 ! sun 7,mi?ras7 takes 8 bir? 9 ! /able ( ,augeas1 com+ z a second ,h]cules to cleanse a f\l _w4 ,h5ce ! ros>y ( ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur* has ?is s]vice3 8,let u contemplate h[ ! ,bless$ ,virg9 ,m>y1 :5 ! "t ( h] deliv]y 0 come1 br\ght =? our ,r$eem] at midnight & laid him 9 a mang]40 ,by ! cave1 or petra1 we may und]/& ! cave ( initiation1 :i* 0 always employ$ 9 anci5t my/ic rites4 ,!re 0 su* a cave at ,be?lehem1 & ,j]ome affirms t ! my/]ies ( ,adonis 7 celebrat$ !re 9 8 "t4 ,ju/9 has pres]v$ ! tradition t ,mi?ras 0 born 9 a cave or petra1 & ,porphyry ass]ts t 8 rites 7 obs]v$ 9 caves repres5t+ ! vault ( ! heav5s4 ,! fam\s decl>ation to ,pet] owes all its significance to ?is fact3 8,?\ art ,pet]1 & ^u ?is rock 7petra7 ,i w build my ,*ur*2 & ! gates ( hell %all n prevail aga9/ x4 ,& ,i w give unto !e ! keys ( ! k+dom ( heav52 & :atsoev] ?\ %alt b9d on e>? %all be b\nd 9 heav53 & :atsoev] ?\ %alt loose on e>? %all be loos$ 9 heav540 ,und\bt$ly1 ?is passage is an int]polation2 nev]!less1 x is susceptible ( explanation4 ,jesus hav+ ask$ ! twelve apo/les :o he 0 said to be1 !y reply3 ! 8re9c>nation0 ( ?is or t prophet1 z x 0 believ$ t su* rebir? 0 usual among m54 ,pet] !n av[s t he is ! ,son ( ,god4 ,significantly1 ,pet] is n a ,jewi% prop] "n1 b relates to function4 ,x is a ,semitic ^w d5ot+ an int]pret] ( oracles4 ,! prie/s ( ,apollo among ! ,gauls 7 d5om9at$ pat]1 z hav+ ! gift ( prophecy4 ,! resid5ce ( ,balaam ! prophet 0 call$ ,petur1 & !re 7 oracles ( ,apollo at ,patrai 9 ,a*aia & ,pat>a 9 ,asia ,m9or4 ,:51 !re=e1 x is ann\nc$ t ! ,*ur* w\ld be built 8^u ?is rock10 we may und]/& x to be ! apo/le's oracul> utt]ance t ,jesus 0 ! ,son ( ,god4 ,! ,*ur* t 0 ?us e/abli%$ consi/$ solely ( adepts & initiates1 ! cl]gy only1 & ! high] function>ies at t4 ,! laity only belong to ! ,*ur*3 ! o!rs are ! ,*ur*4 ,! ,roman ,ca?olic hi]>*y h = c5turies caus$ ! fiction to be promulgat$ t ! apo/le ,pet] f\nd$ ! univ]sal see ( ,rome4 ,?is is l ! my/ic utt]ances ( ,jesus 9 speak+ to ! multitude 9 p>ables4 ,! pope1 c>d9als1 & prelates "k ! real tru?4 ,!re nev] took place1 s f> z any hi/orical evid5ce exi/s1 any visit1 & mu* less ! m>tyrdom1 ( ! apo/le ,pet] at ,rome4 ,! pope is n ! successor ( any ,*ri/ian apo/le :atev]1 b only ( ! pagan high prie/4 ,"u ! republic & emp]ors ! pontifex maximus 0 ! supreme religi\s dignit>y4 ,julius ,cs> held t (fice4 ,he presid$ ov] ! wor%ip & int]pret$ ! sacr$ oracles4 ,x 0 a direction 9 ! secret religion nev] to *ange ! =eign names4 ,! ,*aldaic designation ( ! supreme pontiff & hi]ophant 0 pet]4 ,:5 ! anci5t wor%ip 0 suppress$ ! ,roman bi%op succe$$ to ! pontificate2 & by ?is exaltation became vic> ( ! ,"l & successor ( ! pet] or pagan pontiff ( ,rome4 ,! tradition ( ! ,magi or wise m5 com+ f ! ea/ to wor%ip ! infant ,jesus1 :i* 0 prefix$ to ! ,gospel ( ,mat!w1 is pretty well set =? by ! names giv5 !m3 ,kasp>1 ! :ite "o2 ,mel*ior1 ! k+ ( light2 & ,bal?as>1 ! "l ( treasures4 ,! additional leg5d t !y travell$ to ,g]many & 7 buri$ at ,cologne grew out ( ! fact t ! ,mi?raic wor%ip 0 preval5t 9 t region4 ,x %\ld be borne 9 m9d1 :ile consid]+ ! a/rologic "* ( ! /ory ( ,jesus1 t ! divis-ion ( ! app>5t pa? ( ! sun among ! />s into ! con/ellations :i* =m ! zodiac 0 made & kn[n ?r\gh\t ! ,ori5tal _w & employ$ 9 its religi\s my?s at an antiquity s remote z n to be kn[n :5 ! plan 0 devis$4 ,a/rological correspond5ces are c>efully ma9ta9$ all ?r\gh ! gospel n>rative4 ,! apo/les repres5t ! twelve mon?s1 ea* ( !m be+ s5t or commission$ to ann\nce him 7! sun7 to ! p4 ,! special ev5ts & _! dates are commemorat$ by ! ,*ur* s z to be co9cid5t ) a/rological data4 ,! designation 8,lamb ( ,god0 comes directly f ! fact t ! crucifixion 0 plac$ at ! "t ! sun crosses ! equ9octial l9e 9 ,m>*1 & s ent]$ ! zodiacal sign ( ,aries1 ! ,lamb4 ,he 0 ?us 8sla9 be=e ! f\ndation ( ! _w10 or ye>1 & takes away ! s9s or evils ( w9t]4 ,hav+ desc5d$ into hell1 or ! w9t] p]iod1 he rises f ! dead4 ,he is n[ en?ron$2 ! f\r bea/s1 d5ot+ ! f\r *ief con/ellations 9 ea* qu>t] ( ! zodiacal circle--,taurus1 ,leo1 ,aquila1 & ,aqu>ius--adore him1 & ! tw5ty-f\r eld]s 7or h\rs7 fall d[n & wor%ip him4 ,! miracle ( turn+ wat] into w9e is done e ye>1 z ,addison has sung13 8,may ! sun ref9e ,! grape's s(t juice & mell[ x to w9e40 ,! curse ( ! fig tree is visit$ on e plant t is feeble & poorly root$ :5 ! sun's heat comes ^u x4 ,john ! ,bapti/ says ( ,jesus3 8,he mu/ increase1 b ,i mu/ decrease40 ,! #bd? ( ,june1 ,/4 ,john's ,day1 is ! la/ ( ! summ] sol/ice1 f :i* p]iod ! days %ort51 z1 on ! contr>y1 f ! #be? ( ,decemb]1 ! natal day ( ,jesus1 !y l5g!n4 8,?is is ! six? mon? ) h] t 0 call$ b>r510 said ! angel ,gabriel to ,m>y on ! #be? ( ,m>*1 ! ,annunciation1 n9e mon?s be=e ,*ri/mas4 ,on ! #ae? ( ,augu/ ! ,*ur* celebrates ! ,assumption ( ! ,bless$ ,virg9 into ! heav5ly *amb] ( ! ,k+ ( k+s1 & accord+ly ! con/ellation ,virgo 7or ,a/ra7 also disappe>s1 be+ eclips$ by ! light & glory ( ! sun4 ,?is disappe>ance cont9ues sev5 days4 ,miriam1 ! virg9 si/] ( ,moses & ,a>on1 d\btless also an a/ral "*1 0 seclud$ sev5 days :ile lepr\s4 ,?ree weeks lat] ! sun has mov$ on 9 ! sky1 p]mitt+ ! con/ellation aga9 to appe>2 & accord+ly ! ,*ur* celebrates ! #h? ( ,septemb] z ! anniv]s>y ( ! nativity ( ! ,bless$ ,virg94 ,! prom95t pagan symbols :i* are n[ adopt$ by ! ,*ri/ian prelacy are g5]ally a/ronomical4 ,a/rology & religion always w5t h& 9 h&1 & h n be5 legally divorc$4 ,at an e>li] p]iod ! sun ent]$ ! zodiacal sign ( ,taurus at ! v]nal equ9ox4 ,?is fact l$ to ! adoption ( ! bull or calf z a symbol ( ! ,deity4 ,we notice ?is fact all ov] ! anci5t _w1 & 9 "s mod]n peoples t h n _h a le>n$ ca/e ( prie/s4 ,e #baeb ye>s ! zodiac %ifts backw>d "o sign--i4 e4 "o-twelf? ( its :ole ext5t4 ,h5ce1 ev5tually1 ,aries1 ! ,ram or ,lamb1 took ! place ( ! ,bull to repres5t ! god ( spr+4 ,! pas*al lamb1 ! ram-head$ god ,am5 ( ,egypt1 & ! lamb ( ,*ri/ian symbolism ?us came into exi/5ce4 ,s9ce t ! con/ellation ,pisces has become ! equ9octial sign1 & ! ,fi% is ! symbol ( ! ,*ur*4 ,h5ce ! bi%op ( ,rome employs ! seal ( ! fi%]man1 & ! ,gospel n>rative has made ,/4 ,pet] a 8fi%]40 ,9 ?is way ! entire passion ( ,jesus f ! crucifixion to ! asc5sion is a/ronomic4 ,! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 hav+ ! sup]ior und]/&+ ( ! matt]1 holds ,prote/ants 9 d]ision = mak+ a feti% ( ! ,bible & wor%ipp+ ! sun1 :ile n compreh5d+ ! matt] intellig5tly4 ,inde$1 x is kn[n by e intellig5t prie/ t ! sun & phallic symbols *>act]ize e _w-religion4 ,no matt] :at attempts are made to disguise ! matt]1 su* is ! fact4 ,t ! sun is ! light ( ! _w ne$s b a m5tion2 & s is ,jesus z ! avatr or p]sonification4 ,! cross on :i* he is impal$ 0 a symbol ( ! phallic wor%ip ?\s&s ( ye>s ago4 ,! =m may be an ,x1 f1 or f1 b x means ! same4 ,he is buri$ 9 w9t] & resuscitat$ 9 ! spr+4 ,?us1 to recapitulate3 ,! ,*ri/ian religion consi/s ( ! wor%ip ( a div9e be+ inc>nat$ 9 human =m 9 ord] to r$eem fall5 man1 born ( a virg91 tea*+ immortality1 work+ wond]s1 dy+ ?r\gh ! ma*9ations ( ! evil "o1 ris+ f dea?1 re-asc5d+ into heav51 & to be ! judge ( ! liv+ & dead4 ,! ,mi?raic wor%ip1 its great rival & c\nt]p>t1 0 con/itut$ ) simil> imag]y4 ,! fe/ivals appo9t$ 9 honor ( ,mi?ras 7 fix$ 9 accordance ) ! seasons ( ! ye>1 8 bir? be+ at ! end ( ! sol/ice 9 ,decemb]1 8 dea? directly aft] ! equ9ox 9 ,m>*4 ,*ri/1 be+ l ,mi?ras1 ! p]sonification ( ! sun & "l ( ! cosmos1 enacts a c>e] on e>? correspond+ 9 its pr9cipal p>ts to t ( ! sun 9 ! heav5s4 ,! ,holy ,_s z a w9d or atmosph]e is ! h]ald ( 8 adv5t4 ,! ,virg9 is ! moon1 ! "m ( ! sun & que5 ( heav51 j z %e 0 9 ! pagan _w "u diff]5t names4 ,(t5 also at ev5+ we witness ! sun und]go+ a bloody passion & dy+ amid ! r$d5$ sky1 leav+ to ! "o :om he loves ! moon z 8 "m4 ,s consci\s is ! ,*ur* ( its desc5t 9 direct l9e f ! =m] paganism t x has adopt$ ! symbols ( its pr$ecessor & plac$ _m ( ! old gods 9 its catalogue ( sa9ts along ) ! ,assyrian ar*angels4 ,bac*us appe>s !re z ,/4 ,bac*us1 ,/4 ,d5is or ,dionysius1 ,/4 ,lib]1 ,/4 ,eleu!rius1 ,/4 ,lyacus4 ,priapus is !re z ,/4 ,f\t91 ,/4 ,cosmo1 & ,/4 ,damian4 ,! nymph ,aura ,placida is ,/4 ,aura & ,/4 ,placida4 ,!re is also ,/4 ,bibiana1 ^: anniv]s>y occurs on ! day ( ! ,grecian fe/ival ( tapp+ ! w9e-casks4 ,! /> ,m>g>ita has become ,/4 ,m>g>et1 & ,hippolytus ! son ( ,!seus1 ! h]o-f\nd] ( ! ,a!nian polity1 has also be5 canoniz$4 ,! true image1 or v]aicon1 has become ,/4 ,v]onica1 z ! supreme hi]ophant ( ,roman paganism is ,/4 ,pet]4 ,!n1 too1 !re are sa9t$ dogmas p]sonifi$1 z ,/4 ,p]petua1 ,/4 ,flicitas1 ,/4 ,rogatian1 ,/4 ,donatian1 etc4 ,!re are also ,/4 ,abraham1 ,/4 ,mi*ael1 ,/4 ,gabriel1 ,/4 ,david1 & ,/4 ,patrick1 ^: anniv]s>y falls on t ( 8 well-kn[n pr$ecessor1 ,pat] ,lib]1 ! ,roman ,bac*us4 ,! keys ( ! ,italian ,janus & ! ,phrygian ,kybel are n[ held by ! pope z ! keys ( ! k+dom ( heav54 ,!re is n a feature1 symbol1 c]emony1 or dogma 9 ! ,*ur* :i* did n h a pagan prototype4 ,ano!r fact is equally curi\s4 ,:ile ! wor%ip ( ,mi?ras is ! evid5t orig9 ( ! ,*ri/ian cultus1 ! ,lamas ( ,?ibet 9 ! he>t ( ,asia also h ecclesia/ical ord]s1 c]emonies1 & o!r in/itutions :i* are ! almo/ lit]al c\nt]p>t ( ^? ( ,rome4 ,:e!r !re ev] 0 really su* an individual liv+ on ! e>? z ,jesus ( ,naz>e? becomes1 9 view ( ^! facts1 a m9or "q4 ,my?1 leg5d1 tradition1 & fancy h s trans=m$ him t !re is no nucleus ( orig9al humanity left 9 sight4 ,he is almo/ absolutely )\t an hi/orical m5tion4 ,he has become a my?1 a p]sonification1 :e!r he 0 really a man or n4 ,he is !re=e an ideal1 & n real4 ,! passages 9 ,josephus are unque/ionable =g]ies4 ,tacitus speaks ( him z hav+ be5 crucifi$ "u ,pilate1 b 9 no way z an occurr5ce to be v\*$ =4 ,suetonius 9 8 life ( ,claudius ,cs> /ates t ! emp]or bani%$ ! ,jews f ,rome because !y rais$ s$ition "u ! in/igation ( "o ,*r/os4 ,if ?is is to be consid]$ z mean+ ! reput$ f\nd] ( ! ,*ri/ian religion1 ! or?ography ( ! "n is v sugge/ive4 ,godfrey ,higg9s decl>es 9 8 ,anacalypsis t x 0 ! orig9al t]m us$1 & 0 *ang$ to ,*rei/os & ,*ri/ = ecclesia/ical reasons4 ,he 0 ( op9ion also t transcrib]s _h made ^! alt]ations 9 ! books ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,*r/os 0 a title ( ,apollo & o!r div9ities1 & 0 conf]r$ ^u ! bett] class ( citiz5s 9 c]ta9 ,grecian /ates4 ,once ! t]m is appli$ to ,jesus 9 ! fir/ ,epi/le ( ,pet]3 8,! ,"l is ,*r/os40 ,! probabilities favor ! supposition1 ! t]m ,messiah1 :i* is ! ,hebrew equival5t = ,*ri/1 be+ n[h]e us$ except 9 ! f\r? *apt] ( ! ,gospel ( ,john to designate ,jesus1 & t be+ a d\btful passage4 ,!re are few data rema9+ t indicate ! "* ( ,jesus4 ,s f> z ^! are def9itive !y exhibit a close relation%ip to ! ,ess5ean bro!rhood4 ,dur+ ! reign ( ,h]od ,i41 ,hillel1 a ,babylonian1 became presid5t ( ! ,sanh$rim4 ,he 0 ?us ! recogniz$ head ( ! s*ool1 8 oppon5ts be+ kn[n z ,%ammaites4 ,bo? p>ties pr(ess$ to be ! cu/odians ( ! ,kabala or traditions ( ! anci5ts4 ,^! compris$ ! arcane lit]ature ( ! ,jews1 :i* 0 to be kept c>efully away f ! laity4 ,! ,hillelites appe> to h be5 m t5aci\s ( pr9ciples1 b ! ,%ammaites 7 v capti\s 9 reg>d to ! m9utiae4 ,! ,logia1 or aphorisms1 imput$ to ,jesus accord ) ! utt]ances ( ,hillel1 & 9 a degree ju/ify ! op9ion ( ! ,rabbis4 ,! relations ( ! bir? ( ,jesus at ,be?lehem & 8 e>ly abode at ,naz>e? are ( ! "* ( my?1 & s]ve to indicate 8 association ) ! ,ess5es4 ,be?lehem 0 ! reput$ bir?place ( ,k+ ,david1 & aft]w>d ! prophet ,micah1 depict+ ! rise ( ,hezekiah z ! messiah & lib]ator ( ,judea f ! ,assyrian yoke1 assigns 8 orig9 to ! same place4 ,?is latt] pr9ce c\ld n h be5 ! son ( ,ahaz1 :om he is said to h succe$$1 hav+ be5 born :5 t k+ 0 b t5 or elev5 ye>s old4 ,t ! dyna/y ( ,ahaz 0 ov]?r[n is intimat$ 9 ! decl>ation ( ,isaiah 7#g3 #i71 & by 8 ann\ncem5t ( ! accession ( a new pr9ce 7#i3 #f1 #g2 #aa3a1 etc474 ,! t[n ( ,be?lehem & ! places ab\t are enum]at$ 9 ! second *apt] ( ,fir/ ,*ronicles z conta9+ 8! families ( ! scribes10 8! ,k5ites10 f :om proce$$ ! ,re*abites ( lat] times4 ,^! ,k5ites appe> to h be5 a sac]dotal & lit]>y tribe1 l ! ,magians ( ,m$ia4 ,!y are said to h liv$ ne> ! city ( palm trees 7,judges #a3af71 & to h remov$ into ! s\!rn "p ( ! ,judean t]ritory4 ,moses 0 describ$ z hav+ int]m>ri$ & be5 adopt$ among !m1 & ! k+s ,saul & ,david 7 m or less famili> ) !m4 ,saul f\nd !m :5 be m>*$ aga9/ ! ,amalekites1 & ,david s5t !m pres5ts1 z be+ accu/om$ 9 8 c>e] z an outlaw to 8haunt0 _! region4 ,elijah ! prophet is said to h gone into _! c\ntry :5 he 0 driv5 out ( ! k+dom ( ,sam>ia4 ,! bir? ( ,jesus at ,be?lehem w\ld seem1 !re=e1 to h "s my/ic ref]5ce to ?is p1 z well z to ! notion ( a l9eal desc5t f ,david4 ,8 abode 9 ! e>li] ye>s ( life at ,naz>e? 0 evid5tly a my? ( k9dr$ nature4 ,curi\sly en\gh1 ! writ] ( ! fir/ *apt] ( ,luke has repres5t$ ,m>y z a resid5t ( ,naz>e?1 :ile ! second *apt] ( ,mat!w describes ,joseph z tak+ up 8 abode !re incid5tally1 fulfill+ ! ^w ( ! ,ess5ean prophets3 8,he w be call$ a ,naz>5e10 or ,naz>ite4 ,! ,ess5eans 7 also d5om9at$ ,naz>im1 & we may p]ceive ! idea sugge/$ by ! "n t ,jesus belong$ to _! body4 ,x 0 a common mode ( writ+1 to describe an e-day occurr5ce 9 a =m convey+ a my/ic or occult mean+ b5ea? ! app>5t /atem5t4 ,! "* ( ,jesus z a prophet & repres5tative p]sonage is ?us actually signifi$4 ,8 bir? 9 ! c\ntry ( ! ,k5ites & adepts betok5$ 8 consecration & sep>ation1 :ile ! resid5ce at ,naz>e? typifi$ 8 ,ess5ean relations4 ,! congregation ( disciples at ,j]usalem & _! sympa?iz]s 9 ,pale/9e 7 designat$ z ,nazore-ans & ,ebionim4 ,x is no great /ret* ( imag9ation to presume !m to h be5 an (f%oot ( ! ,ess5ean bro!rhood4 ,^! 7 zeal\s propag&i/s1 & _! modes ( life & action co9cide v closely ) ^? ( ! e>ly ,*ur*4 ,! writ]s ( ! ,gospels & ,acts ( ! ,apo/les describe ! apo/les & _! conv]ts z liv+ aft] ! mann] ( an ,ess5ean commune4 ,jesus 8orda9$ twelve t !y %\ld be ) him2444 & !y w5t into a h\se10 or became z "o family4 ,?is 0 precisely l ! ,ess5es & ,!rapeut4 8,9 ! fir/ place10 says ,philo1 8n "o ( !m has a h\se ( 8 own :i* does n belong to all ( !m40 ,= besides _! liv+ toge!r 9 l>ge societies1 ea* h\se is also op5 to e visit+ bro!r ( ! ord]4 8,fur!rmore1 all ( !m h "o /ore ( provisions & equal exp5ses2 !y h _! g>m5ts 9 common1 z !y d ) _! provisions4 ,!y reside toge!r1 eat toge!r1 & h ev]y?+ 9 common to an ext5t z x is c>ri$ out n[h]e else40 ,h5ce we read )\t surprise t ! multitude came ab\t !m1 s t !y c\ld n s mu* z eat bread4 ,! apo/olic congregation is also describ$ z imitat+ ! same =m ( liv+3 8,all t believ$ 7 toge!r & _h all ?+s common2 & sold _! possessions & goods1 & p>t$ !m to all ( !m z e "o _h ne$4444 ,nei!r said any ( !m t aught ( ! ?+s :i* he possess$ 0 8 own2 b !y _h all ?+s common4 ,nei!r 0 !re any among !m t lack$2 = z _m z 7 possessors ( l&s or h\ses sold !m1 & br\ght ! price ( ! ?+s t 7 sold & laid !m d[n at ! apo/les' feet2 & di/ribution 0 made unto e man z he _h ne$40 ,= a "t ! apo/les1 x is /at$1 7 /ew>ds ( ! :ole body1 tea*+ !m & supply+ !m ) food1 till f9ally sev5 ,hell5i/ic ,jews 7 select$ & set ap>t = t purpose4 ,eusebius comm5ts ^u ! acc\nt giv5 by ,philo ( ! ,!rapeut1 z foll[s3 8,^! facts appe> to h be5 /at$ by a man 7,philo71 :o at lea/ has paid att5tion to ^? t h exp\nd$ ! sacr$ writ+s4 ,b x is highly probable t ! anci5t comm5t>ies :i* he says !y h are ! v ,gospels & writ+s ( ! apo/les1 & probably "s expositions ( ! anci5t prophets1 su* z are conta9$ 9 ! ,epi/le to ! ,hebrews & _m o!rs ( ,/4 ,paul's ,epi/les4444 ,:y ne$ we add an acc\nt ( _! meet+s1 & ! sep>ate abodes ( m5 & wom5 9 ^! meet+s1 & ! ex]cises p]=m$ by !m1 :i* are /ill 9 vogue among u at ! pres5t day2 & :i*1 especially at ! fe/ival ( our ,savi\r's passion1 we are accu/om$ to use 9 our fa/+s & wat*+s & 9 ! /udy ( ! div9e ^w6 ,all ^! ! above-m5tion$ au?or has accurately describ$ & /at$ 9 8 writ+s2 & !y are ! same cu/oms t are obs]v$ by u alone at ! pres5t day1 p>ticul>ly ! vigils ( ! great fe/ivals1 & ! ex]cises 9 !m & ! hymns t are commonly recit$ among u4 ,he /ates t :il/ "o s+s gracefully ) a c]ta9 measure1 ! o!rs1 li/5+ 9 sil5ce1 jo9 9 s++ ! f9al clauses ( ! hymns2 also t on ! above-m5tion$ days !y lie on /raw spread on ! gr\nd1 &1 to use 8 own words1 !y ab/a9 altoge!r f w9e & ta/e no fle%4 ,wat] is _! only dr9k1 & ! reli% ( _! bread1 salt1 & hyssop4 ,besides ?is1 he describes ! grades ( dignity among ^? :o adm9i/] ! ecclesia/ical s]vices committ$ to !m--^? ( ! deacons & presid5t ( ! episcopate z ! highe/4 ,b :osoev] desires to h a m accurate k ( ^! ?+s may le>n !m f ! hi/ory already cit$2 b t ,philo1 :5 he wrote ^? /atem5ts1 _h 9 view ! fir/ h]alds ( ! gospel & ! orig9al practices h&$ d[n f ! apo/les mu/ be obvi\s to all0 ,z if to af=d fur!r f\ndation = ?is conjecture ( id5tity ( ! e>ly disciples ) ! ,ebionites1 ! ,greek ^w = ?is designation1 8pto*os10 usually translat$ 8poor0 & 8begg>10 occurs 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t 9 a mann] :i* (t5 sugge/s t ! ,ebionites are meant by ! designation4 8,happy ! poor 9 _s10 says ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt2 8= ! k+dom ( ! heav5s is !irs40 8,! gospel is prea*$ to !m0 0 ! message s5t to ,john ! ,bapti/ 9 8 prison at ,ma*]as4 8,if ?\ wilt be p]fect10 says ,jesus to ! "y man1 8g1 sell t ?\ ha/1 & give to ! poor40 ,9 ! ,gospel accord+ to ,/ ,luke 7#f3 #bj7 ,jesus actually addresses 8 disciples z 8ye poor10 or ,ebionim4 ,laz>us is call$ ,pto*os1 or ,ebioni1 9 ! sixte5? *apt]4 ,paul /]nly rebukes ! ,galatian ,*ri/ians = _! conv]sion to ,ebionism3 8,b !n1 n hav+ se5 ,god1 y 7 s]vants to ^? t are n gods2 b n[ hav+ kn[n ,god1 or r hav+ be5 kn[n by ,god1 :y d y turn ab\t aga9 to ! weak & begg>ly elem5ts80 ,nev]!less1 ! conclusion ( ,eusebius1 t ! ,ess5es or ,!rapeut 7 only ,*ri/ians ( ! apo/olic age1 is impossible4 ,!y 7 ( great] antiquity1 & fl\ri%$ :5 ,*ri/ians--or ,*re/ians1 :i*ev] !y may be--_h nev] be5 he>d (4 ,! conv]se is m probable by f>--t ! apo/les & _! ,ebionite foll[]s 7 religioni/s aft] ! =m ( ! ,ess5es4 ,we h indicat$ ! evid5t simil>ity ( ^! sect>ies ) ! ,mi?raic initiates1 & ! fact has also be5 %[n t _m ( ! ,*ri/ians ( ! fir/ c5turies also obs]v$ ! rites ( t wor%ip4 ,t ! a/rological features ( ea* 7 id5tical & are manife/ 9 ! /ory ( ,jesus has also be5 illu/rat$4 ,we may n[ treat ! f9al "q1 t ( ! p]son ( ,jesus himself4 ,x is ! easie/ way j n[ to conc$e 8 physical exi/5ce1 & reject ! m>vels1 exagg]ations1 & o!r incr$ibilities ( ! ,gospel n>ratives4 ,a ,roman ,ca?olic writ] ( great acut5ess has m>k$ out t v c\rse4 ,he expla9s 8 position s aptly t we w reproduce ! pr9cipal features1 :i* c]ta9ly seem 9 a great degree to su/a9 our proposition4 8,:]e intellect sees an idea1 an ab/raction10 says he1 8religion sees a p]son4 ,?is involves a sup]ior developm5t ( ! consci\sness2 inasmu* :ile intellect ( itself1 hav+ nei!r motive nor =ce1 c\ld n h creat$1 p]sonality includes intellect & all else t is indisp5sable to action--namely1 feel+ & en]gy40 ,he sets =? ,*ri/ianity z a religion 9 ,pale/9e 8:i* consi/$ 9 ! wor%ip ( a ,div9e ,be+ inc>nat$ 9 human =m 9 ord] to r$eem fall5 man1 born ( a virg91 tea*+ immortality1 work+ wond]s ( b5evol5ce1 dy+ ?r\gh ! ho/ile ma*9ations ( ! _s ( evil1 ris+ f dea?1 reasc5d-+ into heav51 & becom+ judge ( ! dead4 ,z repres5tative ( ! sun ! fe/ivals appo9t$ 9 8 honor 7 fix$ 9 accordance ) ! seasons1 8 bir? be+ at ! end ( ! w9t] sol/ice2 8 dea? at ! spr+ equ9ox2 8 ris+ soon aft]w>d1 & !n 8 asc5sion into heav51 :5ce he %[]s d[n b5efits on man40 ,! same au?or indicates ! ,ess5es z *]i%+ ^! beliefs3 8,d]iv+ _! t5ets f ! ,ea/1 !y believ$ 9 ! ,p]sian dualism1 reg>d$ ! sun z ! imp]sonation ( ! ,supreme ,light1 & wor%ipp$ x 9 a modifi$ way40 ,he adds3 8,to ! sect ( ! ,ess5es ! orig9als ( ,john ! ,bapti/ & ,jesus mu/ h belong$40 8,we may possess a tru/wor?y acc\nt ( ! _s t 0 9 ,jesus10 he says aga91 8& yet be altoge!r 9 ! d>k respect+ 8 precise say+s & do+s4 ,! condition ( ! _w at ?is p]iod be+ su* z ,i h describ$1 x 0 inevitable t any impressive p]sonality ^: c>e] enabl$ su* ?+s1 ) h[ev] small a modicum ( tru?1 to be pr$icat$ ( x z 7 pr$icat$ ( ,jesus1 %\ld be seiz$ ^u & appropriat$ to ! purposes ( a new religion4444 8,= ! masses ! spectacle ( an h]oic crusade aga9/ ! au?ority1 respectability1 & ph>isaism ( an e/abli%$ ecclesia/icism1 comb9$ ) complete self-devotion1 ) tea*+ ( ! mo/ absolute p]fection 9 morals--a p]fection readily recognizable by ! intuitive p]ceptions ( all--& ) a confid5t my/icism t seem$ to imply unb\nd$ sup]natural k--all *>act]i/ics ( ! sect ( ,ess5es to :i* he & ! ,bapti/ manife/ly belong$1--^! 7 amply suffici5t to w9 belief 9 ,jesus z a div9e p]sonage4 ,& especially s :5 !y f\nd him p]si/5tly report$ n only z hav+ p]=m$ miracles 9 8 life1 b z hav+ %[n t traditional sup]iority to all ! limitation ( humanity :i* 0 ascrib$ to _! previ\s div9ities by ris+ f ! dead & asc5d+ into heav54 ,famili> z !y 7 ) ! notion ( inc>nations 9 :i* ! sun play$ a pr9cipal "p1 & accu/om$ to associate su* ev5ts ) virg9 mo!rs impregnat$ by deities1 bir?s 9 /ables or caves1 haz>d\s c>e]s 9 ! ex]cise ( b5evol5ce1 viol5t dea?s1 & desc5ts into ! k+dom ( d>kness1 resurrections & asc5sions into heav51 to be foll[$ by ! desc5t ( bless+s ^u mank9d1--x requir$ b ! sugge/ion t ,jesus ( ,naz>e? 0 a new & nobl] inc>nation ( ! ,deity1 :o _h s (t5 be=e be5 inc>nate & put to dea? = man's salvation1 to transf] to him ! :ole p>aph]nalia ( doctr9e & rite deem$ appropriate to ! (fice40 ,!re appe>s no reasonable d\bt ( ! relation%ip ( ,jesus to ! ,ess5ean bro!rs4 ,n only does ! "n itself imply a p]sonification ( t peculi> p1 b he is repres5t$ z utt]+ _! di/9ctive doctr9es4 ,9 ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt he requir$ f 8 disciples1 z did ! ,ess5ean tea*]s1 a righte\sness exce$+ t ( ! ,scribes & ,ph>isees2 & ! ,beatitudes are di/9ctly ( ! same "*4 ,he prohibits ! oa?1 z ! ,ess5eans also did1 enjo9$ non-resi/ance to viol5t assault & =giv5ess ( injuries1 & exhort$ to take no ?\ght = ! morr[1 :i* he describ$ z s]v+ ,mammon4 ,he also *>g$ aga9/ divulg+ ! int]ior doctr9es1 comp>+ x to giv+ ! holy bread to dogs & ca/+ pe>ls to ! sw9e1 ! latt] tread+ ! preci\s jewels "u foot & ! dogs turn+ to r5d ! giv]4 ,inde$1 ! :ole disc\rse is "o :i* a tea*] ( ! frat]nity w\ld deliv] to c&idates4 8,^! ?+s10 he decl>es1 8are hid f ! wise & prud5t1 b are reveal$ to babes40 ,:5 8 disciples demur at 8 rigid t5ets 9 reg>d to m>riage1 p]mitt+ divorce only = lewdness or false religion1 he sanctions _! inf]5ce t x is n good to m>ry4 8,he t is able to receive ?is doctr9e10 add$ he1 8let him receive x40 ,to ! "y man :o desir$ to "k ! way to p]fection he fir/ gave a repro( = call+ him good :5 !re 0 no "o s b ! "o ,god1 & !n comm&$ him to sell all 8 possessions & give to ! poor1 probably mean+ ! ,ebionim4 ,9 ! p>able 9 ,luke ! ri* man aft] dea? is torm5t$1 :ile ! o!r1 ! pto*os or ,ebionite ,laz>us1 is comp5sat$ 9 ! lap ( ,abraham4 ,yet except ! few cases :5 ! t]ms 8bre?r50 & 8disciple0 are us$ !re are few direct ref]5ces to ! ,ess5es4 ,b he is cont9ually exhort+ aga9/ ! doctr9e ( ! ,ph>isees & ,sadducees1 & d5\nc+ ! =m]4 ,mean:ile1 he n[h]e fills a page 9 hi/ory4 ,he has left no m>k ( 8 individual exi/5ce4 ,we h obs]v$ t ,judaism 0 *iefly ! c\nt]p>t ( ,p]sian ,mazdaism1 ! ,supreme ,be+1 ! sev5 ,ame%a-sp5tas1 ,yazatas1 ,evil ,_s & devas1 be+ reproduc$ 9 ,jehovah ) 8 angels & sev5 ar*angels1 ,satan & 8 wick$ crew4 ,ess5ism1 9 turn1 appe>s to h be5 a =m ( ! ,p]sian religion1 includ+ ! wor%ip ( ! sun1 a/ral & prophetic doctr9es1 occult sci5ce1 a cultus & sacram5ts2 & z ! ,p]sian doctr9es 7 ascrib$ to ! unkn[n ,z>a?u/ra1 s ^? ( ! ,ess5ean bro!rhood are p]sonifi$ 9 ! "* ( a gift$ tea*]1 born on ! natal day ( ,mi?ras1 inculcat+ tru? & "r action1 & 9 e way repres5t+ & p]sonify+ ! religi\s sy/em4 ,?is 01 z has be5 obs]v$1 a common practice 9 =m] times4 ,z soon z we consid] ,jesus z ,ess5ism p]sonifi$ we f9d ! difficulties vani% :i* e o!r !ory pres5ts4 ,b ,ess5ism 0 mu* old] ?an ! ,*ri/ian era1 despite ! pret5se ( ,eusebius ( ! absolute id5tity ( ,ess5es & ! e>ly ,*ri/ians4 ,we may also rem>k t !re are fragm5ts ( books 9 exi/5ce :i* treat ( a ,jew1 ! son ( a soldi] & temple-woman1 :o exhibits *>act]i/ics ( ! ,jesus ( ! ,gospels suffici5t to intimate ! id5tity ( ! two4 ,!y place 8 c>e] 9 ! "t ( ! e>li] ,asmonean k+s1 ab\t ! p]iod :5 ! ,ess5es are fir/ m5tion$ by t "n4 ,we d n atta* great importance to ^! works1 except = ! fact t !y w\ld n h appe>$1 unless !re _h exi/$ a compreh5sive acc\nt ( "s k9d1 p>abolic or hi/oric1 to sugge/ _! prep>ation4 ,! ,toldo? ,je%u1 or ,g5]ations ( ,jesus1 to :i* we ref]1 has sev]al *>act]i/ics :i* are wor? not+4 ,! fa!r ( ,jesus1 be+ a soldi]1 probably d5ot$ a 8soldi] ( ,mi?ras10 & ! alma or ,bless$ ,virg91 a ,hebrew maid5 set ap>t = a "t1 z 0 ! practice = "y maids 9 ,a!ns1 to "w & be initiat$ at ! temple4 ,x is also ass]t$ t ,jesus sp5t a season 9 ,egypt1 :]e he le>n$ magic4 ,! ,!rapeut _h communes 9 t c\ntry z well z 9 ,arabia & ,pale/9e1 & 7 addict$ to ! /udy ( m$ical k1 a/rology1 & o!r arts1 :i*1 be+ d]iv$ f ! ,magi or prie/-ca/e ( ! ,ea/1 7 d5om9at$ magic4 ,?is t]m orig9ally c>ri$ ) x no reproa*ful mean+1 b meant all le>n+ ( a lib]al "*1 & occult sci5ce 0 only su* k z 0 consid]$ too sacr$ = pr(ane individuals4 8,he :o p\rs wat] into a muddy well10 says ,jambli*us1 8does b di/urb ! mud40 ,d\btless ! primitive ,ess5ean gospel describ$ ,jesus z a "y man ( r>e qualities1 ! son ( a ,mi?raic or ,ess5ean adept1 :o 0 in/ruct$ at ! s*ool ( ,alex&ria or 9 ! prie/-colleges ( anci5t ,egypt1 & became exp]t 9 ! te*nic ( religi\s & sci5tific wisdom4 ,?us1 ! great ,sidd>?a 0 taught by ! ,ja9a sage ,mahavira be=e he became himself a tea*] & a sage4 ,z ! sacram5ts ( ! ,*ur* are l ! obs]vances ( ! ,ess5es & ^? :i* are also celebrat$ at ! ,mi?raic initiations1 ?is is abundantly plausible4 ,! dep>ture made by ,paul & o!rs f ! me?ods ( ! ord] af=d ! reason = ! assign$ orig9 ( ,*ri/ianity at ! p]iod kn[n z ! 8ye> ( our ,"l10 ,anno ,dom9i4 ,! orig9al books f :i* ! ,gospels 7 compil$ h p]i%$4 ,!re 0 a ,gospel 9 ! possession ( ! ,ebionites c>efully gu>d$ z a sacr$ or arcane book1 a copy ( :i* ,j]ome procur$ ) great difficulty1 b :i* has s9ce be5 lo/ & =gott54 ,! sect disappe>$1 melt+ away into ! *ur* or ! synagogue1 & we n[ read ( !m load$ ) ! opprobri\s sl&]s ( ,ir5u & ,epiphanius4 ,!y 7 ! orig9al disciples 9 ,judea1 & 7 subject$1 9 common ) o!r ,jews1 to ! h>d%ips & p]secutions :i* foll[$ ^u ! de/ruction ( ! national polity4 ,?is ,hebrew ,gospel & su* writ+s z ! ,ca?olic ,epi/les ( ,james & ,pet] conta9$ _! peculi> doctr9es4 ,!y reg>d$ ,jesus z a tea*] or exempl>1 b n z a sup]human be+ 9 any s5se ( ! t]m4 ,t notion came f ! pagans4 ,inde$1 x 0 n _! belief t su* a man _h lit]ally exi/$4 ,! ,doket 7or ,illusioni/s7 held t he 0 a symbolic be+1 an ideality4 ,! ,gno/ics g5]ally1 :om ,gibbon describes z 8! mo/ polite1 ! mo/ le>n$1 & mo/ weal?y ( ! ,*ri/ian "n10 describ$ him z an aion or spiritual pr9ciple2 & consid]$ ! crucifixion z metaphorical & n a lit]al ev5t4 ,! real ,*ri/1 ,*r/os or div9e pr9ciple1 !y reg>d$ z /ill 9 heav51 intact4 ,! apo/le ,paul 0 ! great innovator ^u ! ,ebionite & ,ess5ean doctr9es4 ,he 0 too broad & f>-see+ to ov]look ! fact t ! exclusiv5ess ( ,judaism w\ld arre/ any univ]sal dissem9ation ( ! fai? 9 ! _w4 ,h5ce he /ruck out boldly on 8 own acc\nt4 ,he _h a gospel1 he decl>es to ! ,galatians1 :i* he _h receiv$ f no man2 x 0 n 8accord+ to any man10 b a di/9ct1 diff]5tiat$ matt]1 ! apocalypse ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 8,let ! man1 or ev5 angel1 t prea*es any o!r gospel be ana!ma10 he decl>es4 ,he did n hesitate to d5\nce ! ,ebioni/ apo/les1 nor !y 9 turn to set him =? z an impo/or1 hold+ ! doctr9e ( ,balaam & tea*+ fai? )\t works or rites4 ,at ,antio* he )/ood ,pet] to ! face1 & decl>es him condemn$4 ,writ+ to ! ,cor9?ians1 he d5\nces ! s*isms & deprecates ! influ5ce ( ,apollos1 a ,jew f ,alex&ria4 8,i1 ! wise ar*itect1 h laid ! f\ndation10 says he1 8b ano!r has built ^u x4 ,t f\ndation is ,*ri/40 ,x is v pla91 h[ev]1 t ! ,*ri/ t he taught 0 r an ideal ?an a lit]al p]sonage4 8,i h se5 ! ,"l10 he decl>es1 & aga9 av[s t he prea*$ 8,jesus ,*ri/ & ! ,crucifi$ ,"o40 ,yet :5 he ref]s to ! dea? & resurrection he always treats ( !m z figurative matt]s1 p]ta9+ to ! spiritual & n to ! corporeal nature4 ,a ,*ri/ t he _h se5 c\ld b be a spiritual entity4 8,fle% & blood _c inh]it ! k+dom ( ,god10 he decl>es1 8nei!r do? corruption inh]it incorruption40 ,?is is a complete sett+ aside ( any gross1 lit]al s5se to be giv5 to 8 language4 ,o!rs :o receiv$ ! gospel 7 crucifi$ z ,*ri/ 01 & rose aga9 to a new life :ile yet embodi$ 9 mortal fle%4 ,he 0 ! type1 ! model1 ! exempl>1 & !y :o believ$ 7 walk+ 9 8 foot/eps4 8,"k ye n10 he asks ! ,roman believ]s1 8t s _m ( u z 7 baptiz$ into ,jesus ,*ri/ 7 baptiz$ into 8 dea?8 ,we !n are buri$ ) him by ?is baptism into 8 dea?2 s t z ,*ri/ 0 rais$ up f ! dead1 ev5 s we %\ld walk 9 a new life4 ,= if we h become plant$ toge!r 9 ! lik5ess ( 8 dea?1 we are also1 on ! o!r h&1 9 t ( 8 resurrection3 kn[+ ?is1 t our old man 0 crucifi$ toge!r1 t ! body ( s9 might be made in]t1 t we may no long] be enslav$ to s94 ,if we di$ ) ,*ri/1 we believe t we w also live to him2 be+ aw>e t ,*ri/ hav+ ris5 f ! dead is no long] dy+1 dea? no long] rules him4 ,= :]e9 he di$1 he di$ to s9 once = all2 b :]e9 he lives1 he lives to ,god4 ,s likewise reckon ye y\rselves dead to s91 b alive to ,god 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus40 ,a spiritual crucifixion1 dea?1 & resurrection1 9 /rict analogy ) ! equ9octial crucifixion1 dea?1 & resurrection ( ! my/ic rites1 is ! =emo/ idea ( ?is passage4 ,! baptism ( ,jesus 9 ! riv] ,jordan & 8 =ty days' temptation 9 ! wild]ness 7 ( ! same "*4 ,!re 0 no lit]al dy+ signifi$ 9 ! case4 ,inde$1 nobody knew bett] ?an ,paul t ! ,jewi% ,sanh$rim did n sit & t capital puni%m5ts 7 n inflict$ at ! p]iod ( ! ,passov]1 ! day ( ! crucifixion1 be+1 accord+ to ! law1 8a day ( holy convocation40 ,! crucifixion be+ figurative & sugge/$ by an a/rological p]iod1 we are fully w>rant$ 9 ! hypo!sis t ! victim likewise 0 a symbolic p]sonage ( an a/ral "*4 ,?is ideal ,jesus1 ) ! emphatic b ambigu\s phrase ( ,paul--8,him crucifi$0--0 n suffici5t = ! exig5cies ( ! ,*ri/ian lead]s ( ! subsequ5t c5tury4 ,! ,gno/ics & o!r cultur$ m5 7 satisfi$1 b ! l[] classes want$ a m tangible "*1 a physical corporeity4 ,! great want1 !re=e1 0 "s pro( ( ! lit]al exi/5ce ( ! individual by ! evid5ce ( m5 t _h se5 him & be5 famili> ) him4 ,?is 0 n[ furni%$ by ! production ( ! ?ree synoptic ,gospels & _! adoption 9 ! place ( o!r evangelical lit]ature4 ,aft]w>d1 ,ir5u or "s "o ) 8 approval add$ ! ,gospel accord+ to ,john4 ,! fiction ( an apo/olic succession 0 !n orig9at$1 & =g]y = religi\s purposes 0 a g5]al practice4 ,! qu>rels ( ,*ri/ians ) ,*ri/ians 7 = c5turies m sc&al\s ?an all ! atrocities ( actual m>tyrdom4 ,previ\s to ?is ! ,*ur* _h labor$ indefatigably & successfully to de/roy ! influ5ce & reputation ( ,paul4 ,he 0 n[ tak5 into favor2 8 ,epi/les 7 revis$1 int]polat$1 ton$ d[n1 & accept$ z canonical4 ,! ,acts ( ! ,apo/les 0 next produc$4 ,x is a "w 9 two p>ts--"o set ap>t to ! /ory ( ! apo/le ,pet]1 & ! o!r to ! a*ievem5ts ( ,paul4 ,! purpose evid5tly 0 to indicate t ! two 7 n at v>iance1 b 7 labor]s 9 ! same field4 ,! "w ( h>moniz+ mu/ h be5 difficult4 ,9 our day x w\ld n h be5 possible4 ,books _c be got out ( ! way z 9 =m] c5turies1 & inconsi/5cies ( writ]s are sure to be expos$4 ,ju/9 ,m>tyr liv$ at ,rome 9 ! reign ( ! ,anton9es & wrote a ,def5ce ( ! ,*ri/ians4 ,yet he makes no m5tion ( 8,/4 ,pet] ! fir/ bi%op40 ,he _h nev] he>d ( him4 ,ir5u1 h[ev]1 did n hesitate to say any?+ to advance ! gospel1 & accord+ly boldly ass]ts t ,pet] & ,paul f\nd$ ! *ur* at ,rome2 ov]look+ _! reciprocal animosity1 & ! fact t ! ,epi/le ( ,paul to ! ,romans addresses ! 8sa9ts10 b makes no m5tion ( a *ur*4 ,claudius _h bani%$ ! ,jews f ,rome = _! turbul5t conduct "u ! in/igations ( ,*re/os1 & ! emp]ors ,trajan & ,adrian seem to h kn[n ( ,*ri/ians only f in=mation :i* !y _h d]iv$ solely f ! prov9ces 9 ! ,ea/4 ,b all ?is made no difficulty = ,ir5u4 ,?is ,fr5* prelate also decl>$ t ! m9i/ry ( ,jesus la/$ upw>d ( t5 ye>s2 also t he liv$ to be an eld]ly man4 ,! ana*ronisms & bad geography ( ! ,gospels are notori\s1 b !y d n comp>e ) ! absurdities ( ,ir5u4 ,he inv5t$ ! "n ,anti*ri/1 & hurl$ x ) f]oci\s rage :5ev] he _h be5 assail$ & h>d pu%$ 9 controv]sy4 ,he 0 nev] s mu* 9 8 elem5t z :5 qu>rell+2 & 8 designation ( ,ir5u 7a man ( peace7 is "o ( ! mo/ /up5d\s misnom]s ev] he>d (4 ,we h allud$ to ! fact t passages _h be5 int]polat$ into ! ,epi/les ( ,paul4 ,! object 0 to h>monize ! ,logos ( ,philo & 8 s*ool ) ! ,*ri/ or ,*r/os ( ! apo/le4 ,x w\ld h be5 a futile attempt if x _h be5 made :5 ,paul 0 ca/igat+ ! ,cor9?ian ,*ri/ians 9 reg>d to ,apollos4 ,a dead man's words1 h[ev]1 c be mutilat$ & p]v]t$ )\t 8 resi/ance4 ,we accord+ly f9d ! /urdy ,hebrew diction ( ! apo/le int]l>d$ ) ,gno/ic utt]ances1 & new epi/les purport+ to h be5 writt5 by him :i* give a diff]5t complexion to 8 doctr9es4 ,! pl]oma or fulness :i* is treat$ ( 9 ! ,epi/le to ! ,ephesians 0 tak5 bodily f ! ,gno/ics4 ,! pre-exi/5ce ( ,*ri/ z ! ,creator ( ! _w 0 ass]t$ 9 a spuri\s docum5t purport+ to be a lett] f him to ! ,colossians1 & int]polations ( a correspond+ nature 7 made 9 ! g5u9e ,cor9?ian ,epi/les4 ,?us 9 ! fam\s *apt] on ! resurrection we f9d ! foll[+ s5tim5t ( ,philo 9 an amplifi$ =m3 8,man1 be+ fre$ by ! ,logos 7or ,^w7 f all corruption1 %all be entitl$ to immortality40 ,gibbon has %[n u t ! fir/ regul> *ur* gov]nm5t 0 in/itut$ at ,alex&ria4 ,?is is 9 keep+ ) ! o!r facts4 ,! dogmas ( an inc>nate ,god1 ( ! ,tr9ity1 & ! sacr$ "* ( ! ,bless$ ,virg9 7 all introduc$ into ! cre$ by ! influ5ce ( ! ,alex&rians1 & x w\ld !re=e seem to be legitimately _! "r to in/itute ! gov]nm5t4 ,we h notic$ already t ! ,!rapeut ( t c\ntry _h (fices ) simil> titles & functions z ^? n[ possess$ by (fic]s ( ! ,*ur*1 & z !y & ! ,*ri/ians 7 closely alli$1 we h good reason = ! belief t !y _h unit$ ) ! new organization 9 su* numb]s z to outvote ! orig9al memb]s4 ,c]ta9 x is1 t !nce=? ! names ( ,ess5es & ,!rapeut occurr$ no m4 ,b ! sect :i* gave %ape to ! concept _h ?us1 to a c]ta9 degree at lea/1 resum$ control ov] ! :ole matt]4 ,t su* an individual z ,jesus ,*ri/ ev] liv$ is entirely )\t pro( f hi/ory4 ,we f9d ,josephus mak+ m5tion ( "o & ano!r :o acquir$ notoriety4 ,he describes ,judas ( ,galilee z ! f\nd] ( a f\r? philosophic sect1 & tells ( ,jesus ! son ( ,hanan :o pr$ict$ ! de/ruction ( ,j]usalem & its temple ye>s be=e x occurr$4 ,we obs]ve simil>ity en\gh 9 8 utt]ances to ^? ( ! tw5ty-f\r? *apt] ( ,mat!w1 & 9 8 deportm5t :5 br\ght be=e ! ,roman gov]nor to t describ$ 9 ! ,gospels1 to w>rant "s little surmise ( id5tity ) ! ,jesus ( ! ,gospels4 ,b ( ,jesus z ! f\nd] ( ! ,*ri/ian religion1 or m prop]ly ! ,ebionite sect1 we h no su* del9eation4 ,( him we h only an utt]ance :i* is a palpable =g]y4 ,?is prea*+ ( ,jesus z a v]itable individual ( l passions ) o!r m51 hav+ a w n always consonant ) ! div9e w1 & yet div9e 9 qualities & attributes1 has be5 v ju/ly 8to ! ,jews a /umbl+-block & to ! ,greeks fooli%ness40 ,intellig5t m51 h[ev] rev]5t & imp>tial1 h be5 compell$ to diss5t4 ,! fanatic ,t]tullian 9 decl>+ 8 own position gave utt]ance to :at _m felt to be ! sub/ance ( ! :ole matt]3 8,i rev]5ce x because x is contemptible2 ,i adore x because x is absurd2 ,i believe x because x is impossible40 ,we are outgr[+ a fai? & v5]ation s utt]ly *ildlike z to be fatuity itself4 ,if we se>* = ,jesus at ,naz>e? 9 ,galilee1 we %all n f9d a footpr9t4 ,if1 h[ev]1 we look = him 9 ! te/imonies ( ! ,naz>im & ,ess5es z ! p]sonification ( _! s*ool ( philosophic ?\ght1 ?us repres5t+ 9 concept ! emanation ( ,god & ! evolution ( man z a spiritual be+1 we %all see him z he is4 ,h5ce to surr5d] ! popul> notion ( a lit]al man z an infallible tea*] & exempl> is n to r5\nce any?+ t is vital 9 tru?4 ,we w only disp5se ) ! paganism & raan-wor%ip4 ,we elim9ate ! s5su\s imag]y1 b pres]ve intact ! life1 ! p[]1 & ! en]gy4 ,! p>ables & aphorisms :i* are 9 ! ,gospels are z true1 z :olesome1 & inspir+ z ev]4 ,jesus ! ideal repres5ts1 & w cont9ue to repres5t1 all t 0 impli$ 9 ! arcane religions 9 ! ,ea/4 ,^u ?is gr\nd1 !re=e1 x is well t ,*ri/ianity 9 its ext]nal =ms z well z 9 its esot]ic pr9ciples %\ld supplant ! o!r wor%ips4 ,x repeats :at !re is ( value 9 !m1 & at ! same "t x comes m closely home to ! high] consci\sness4 ,9 ! p]sonification ( ,jesus ! true ideal ( our humanity is sugge/$4 ,we are born ( our e>?ly fa!r & "m1 ^: image & "n we accord+ly inh]it1 & we h to pass ?r\gh ! pa9s & ?roes ( a second bir? z *ildr5 ( ! cele/ial p>5t4 ,?is 0 outl9$ di/9ctly by symbols 9 ! initiations1 & ! successful c&idate1 hav+ ov]come 9 ! trial1 0 en?ron$ & ackn[l$g$ z ! son ( ! ,mo/ ,high4 ,h5ce ,jesus sets =? 9 ! ,gospel ! la/ disclosure ( ! ,ess5en rite3 8,call no man fa!r on ! e>?1 = "o is y\r ,fa!r2 he is 9 ! heav5s2 & y are bro!rs40 ,paul repeats ! s5tim5t 9 o!r words3 8,z _m z are l$ by ! ,_s ( ,god1 !y are ! sons ( ,god2 heirs ( ,god & jo9t-heirs ) ,*ri/40 ,?is idea1 (t5 too mu* lo/ sight (1 lies at ! core ( all real k4 ,! end ( all wor%ip1 all philosophic discipl9e1 & all religi\s tea*+ is to op5 ! way 9 e m9d to a high] p]ception & a pr(\nd] consci5ti\sness4 ,yet ! sugge/ion ( ! angel at ! sepul*re is p]t95t--t we =be> to seek = ! liv+ among ! dead4 ,! real enlight5m5t ( mank9d comes n f tea*]s1 b only f ! f\nta9s ( int]ior illum9ation4 ,we h no call or occasion to g to ?is man or to t man z a lead]4 ,x may be ! prov9ce ( individuals to /& out conspicu\sly 9 ord] to indicate ! next advance to be made4 ,b :5 ea* has ?us p]=m$ 8 s]vice1 8 glory is out%one by ! refulg5t light :i* he has induc$ o!rs to seek & obta94 ,we require no display ( spiritual pyrote*nics4 ,en\gh = u t !re is tru?1 & t we h ! intellect to p]ceive x--t !re is "r1 & we h ! w to obey x4 ,nei!r a human ,god nor a div9e man c enlight5 u fur!r ?an ?is4 ,!re are fre$om & impulse = u to atta9 ! highe/ degree ( illum9ation ( :i* we are capable4 ,! human aspiration so>s beyond ! pa? ( ! lightn+4 ,9 e noble idea1 e wor?y desire1 we h a m$iator ) ,god4 ,! m sil5t ! "w1 ! m c]ta9 t ! pr9ciple ( all life is p]=m+ x4 ,9 ?is is our et]nity1 & !re is no?+ beyond4 ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,,! ,,ideal ,,*ri/ 8,:at ?9k ye ( ,*ri/8 ,^: son 0 he80--,matt4 #bb3 #db4 ,,ne>ly a qu>t] ( a c5tury ago 7#ahfh7 a v rem>kable pamphlet 0 publi%$ by reque/ ( ! ,free ,religi\s ,association1 writt5 by t rem>kable man1 ! ,rev4 ,samuel ,johnson1 a ,unit>ian m9i/] & an au?or ( no little repute4 ,! subject 0 ,! ,wor%ip ( ,jesus4 ,x _h a v limit$ circulation1 & ! /]eotype plates 7 de/roy$ 9 ! great ,bo/on fire1 & x is n[ v difficult to f9d a copy4 ,mr4 ,johnson takes ! gr\nd t 8,*ri/ianity is a tempor>y /ep 9 ! div9e gr[? ( man ?r\gh ! wor%ip ( ! ideal2 & ?is hope lies1 n 9 paus+ on ?is /ep z f9al1 nor 9 prov+ ! names & p]sonalities associat$ ) x to be z valid = ev] z !y h be5 9 ! pa/1 b 9 t :i* und]lies & gov]ns ! :ole process--! law ( religi\s idealization4 8,?is is no speculation2 x is ! positive law ( progress1 z hi/ory pres5ts x4 ,to wor%ip ideals is ! condition ( spiritual life4 ,to lose belief t !re is some:]e a bett] ?an ourselves is to gravitate d[nw>d to :at is worse ?an ourselves4 ,we gr[ bett] by def9ite homage to a be/4 ,& ?is wor%ip ( ideals is a process ( idealization4444 ,man's p[] ( gr[?1 !re=e1 resides 9 ! ability to %ift 8 v5]ation4444 8,ideals prove !mselves to be idealizations1 t !y may po9t him on to high] levels4 ,?is is religi\s progress4444 8,s a "t comes :5 e religion t c5tres 9 an individual's pr]ogative ( div9ity falls "u criticism1 & is1 s f>1 ref]r$ to tempor>y causes4 ,*ri/ianity _c escape ?is law4 ,z a di/9ct religion x is b ,*ri/ism1 & passes away1 l ,jehovism1 be=e a broad] fai?4 ,:e!r :at succe$s x be call$ ,!ism or ,pan!ism1 ?is t]m9ology ( sy/ems fails to express its scope4 ,x is free wor%ip ( ! "o inf9ite & et]nal life ( ! spiritual1 moral1 & physical univ]se4444 8,h[1 !n1 did ! conc5tration ( ! religi\s s5tim5t ^u ,jesus orig9ate8 ,n1 z ! ,*ur* insi/s1 9 ! und5iable rights ( a p]fect ,be+ to ! ev]la/+ allegiance ( mank9d1 = !re is no evid5ce ( 8 p]fection1 intellectual or spiritual1 b 9 ! fact t ! religi\s s5tim5t1 at a c]ta9 /age ( its hi/orical progress1 dem&$ a s+le human c5tre1 & knew h[ to satisfy its own dem& by its own process ( idealization4 8,! ideal itself 0 s5t 9 ! s\l ( ! age4 ,x 0 b\nd to d :at x w\ld ) its mat]ials by its own div9e gift4 ,x 0 ! creative =ce ( ! "t4 ,x is n ! :ole tru? to say ) ,m]ivale1 !n1 t7 ! religion ( ,*ri/ seiz$ & develop$1 ) a div9e en]gy1 ! lat5t ye>n+s ( mank9d = social comb9ation1 hav+ = its ess5ce1 9 a human po9t ( view1 ! doctr9e ( ! equality ( man_/ ,r did t religion cat* a _s ( univ]sality already abroad 9 ! age--n lat5t1 b mighty to trans=m society1 to inspire bo? ,hebrew ,messiah & ,g5tile philosoph]1 to make its god 9 its own image1 & to trans=m ! little ,jewi% sect at la/ into a ,*ur* ( civilization4444 8,& ?is1 at lea/1 is sure2 always !re is a man = ! h\r4 ,someh[ or o!r1 a great dem& w f9d satisfaction4 ,b ! man is n :at ! h\r reports him :5 x has cr[n$ him ) all t fai? & fancy c be/[1 & set up1 ?r\gh him1 its own special dem& z valid = all "t4 ,future ages w revise1 f a fre] /&po9t1 ! image x transmits = _! adoration4444 8,! e>lie/ types & emblems ( ,*ri/-wor%ip betray ?is p[]ful elem5t 9 its orig9ation4 ,jesus is repres5t$ 9 ! =m ( ! old deities & 9 conjunction ) !m4 ,betwe5 ! images ( ,m]cury ,criophorus & ,apollo ,nomius1 & t ( ! #8,good ,%eph]d_/ ! transition is s gradual t x is h>d to decide :e!r ! picture is pagan or ,*ri/ian4 ,9 ! ,catacombs ,jesus sits z ,pluto on ! judgm5t-seat1 ) ,m>y z ,pros]p9e1 :ile ,m]cury leads 9 s\ls4 ,/ill e>li] emblems ( ,jesus1 ! ,lamb1 ! ,fi%1 ! ,%ip1 ! ,cross1 ! ,dove1 are all associat$ ) old] hea!n my/]ies or my?ological beliefs1 z are also ! ,*ri/ian fe/ivals & rites4 8,& s ! idealization ( ,jesus w5t on /eadily & consi/5tly till x rea*$ deification4 ,! e>ly ,*ri/ian #8apologi/s' ridicul$ ! human gods ( ! old poly!ism1 yet !y did b conc5trate ! same pr9ciple m p]fectly 9 ! =m ( _! ,*ri/4 ,hebrew mono!ism 0 inde$ too /rong 9 ,paul to all[ ( 8 f9d+ 9 ,jesus m ?an a man 9 :om ! fulness ( ! ,godhead dwelt4 ,b ?is hov]s v close ^u ! l>g] desire ( ! nations4 ,& lat]1 9 ! ,gospel ( ,john1 ! ,g5tile curr5t has absorb$ ! ,hebrew & ! call = a ,god-man is boldly met4 ,a life ( ,jesus is "h dramatically con/ruct$1 n out ( hi/orical facts1 nor ev5 traditions1 b out ( t preconceiv$ ideal ( an inc>nate ^w atta*+ itself1 9 its long+ = actual & liv+ sub/ance1 to ! gr[+ pre/ige ( 8 "n4444 8,! records ( ,jesus' life h _h to be idealiz$ also2 & ^! are n1 l 8 p]son1 s dim & veil$ z to leave ! religions imag9ation a c]ta9 m>g9 ( fre$om1 h[ev] inadequate1 b a def9ite /atem5t ( doctr9es1 do+s1 & claims2 s t sci5ce1 philosophy1 art1 & morality h be5 taught to b[ 9 8 "n to ! limitations ( half-develop$ times & m54 8,x is n d5i$ t by leav+ out :at we dislike we c f9d 9 ! ,new-,te/am5t ,jesus z noble an ideal z we w1 ?\gh x c be only ( a purely int]ior individualism1 unrelat$ to practical & political functions4 ,b we _c ignore ! _m s\rces1 ap>t f ! real life ( ,jesus1 f :i* ?is fea/ ( good ?+s has be5 d]iv$4 ,! ,new ,te/am5t is1 9 fact1 n s mu* ! record ( a life z ! fruit ( two anci5t civilizations1 ! ,ori5tal & ,greek1 ( ^: conflu5ce ,*ri/ianity itself 0 ! product4444 8,x is urg$ t we de/roy ! basis ( religi\s unity :5 we take away ?is hi/orical & p]sonal c5tre ( fai?4 ,m5 absolutely ne$1 x is said1 t concrete =m1 t individuality1 "u :i* ! div9e is repres5t$ to !m 9 ! ,*ri/4 ,!re w\ld be m cause = ?is anxiety if x c\ld be %[n t !y h ev] possess$ su* a c5tre4 ,b :at h !y _h1 aft] all1 b a common "n = ev]-*ang+ ideals8 ,! belief t all eyes 7 turn$ to a common au?oritative c5tre 0 an illusion1 :i* _h its uses1 inde$1 b becomes a bre$] ( /rife 9 proportion z m5 le>n ! rights ( free inquiry4 #8,wor%ip ! ,*ri/6 foll[ ,jesus6' cry ! ages4 ,b :o is ,jesus8 & :at is ! ,*ri/8 ,! ,jesus ( ,mat!w is "o1 ! ,*ri/ ( ,john is ano!r1 ! #8second ,adam' ( ,paul is a ?ird4 ,! moral z well z ! !ological cont5ts ( ! "n v>y ) ! ages & ! sects t appeal to x4 ,z ! ,*ri/ ( ,lu!r 0 n ! ,*ri/ ( ,augu/9e1 nor 8 ! ,*ri/ ( ,james1 s ! ,*ri/ ( ! ,unit>ian is "o1 ( ! ,calv9i/ ano!r4 ,:om ! "o w save1 ! o!r w de/roy2 :at to ! "o is moral wrong1 to ! o!r is div9e "r2 :at love w\ld require 9 ! "o1 ju/ice w\ld =eclose 9 ! o!r4 ,:at common c5tre c ! lib]al ,bible s*ol>s & ! panic-/rick51 text-ridd5 ,revivali/s f9d 9 ! "n ( ,*ri/8 ,all ! w>r+ sects h be5 #8/&+ up = ,jesus2' & :i* ( !m kn[s :at ,jesus 08 ,! f>!r y get back t[>d ! orig9al1 ! less sure d y feel ( y\r own k1 & ! less "r %\ld y feel f :at y "k 9 "p to assume t y h f\nd ! appo9t$ c5tre ( religi\s ?\ght4 ,x w\ld be easy to %[ t unity is impossible s long z x is s\ght to f\nd x on ! claims ( a p]son to t position1 s9ce ! my/]i\s irrationality ( su* an (fice mu/ keep ! speculative faculties ( mank9d 9 ceaseless self-contradiction & /rife4 ,x w\ld be easy to %[ t ?is claim ( ,jesus has be5 ! p]petual root ( dogmatic w>f>e--t all b>b>ism ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* 9 pa/ ages has come ( jeal\sy ab\t ! honor due ! p]son ( ! ,*ri/40 ,we (f] no apology = ^! long extracts f ,mr4 ,johnson's inimitable little book ( n9ety pages4 8,he be+ dead yet speake?10 & 8 words give no unc]ta9 s\nd4 ,he 0 9 advance ( ! times1 & if 8 bre?r5 9 ! ,unit>ian m9i/ry w\ld reg>d ,jesus1 :om !y almo/ deify1 z an ideal 7q imp]fect7 t has come d[n to u f pagan peoples1 & cease to c\rt ! favor ( ! or?odox1 !y w\ld h m self-respect & m real reg>d f ! ?9k+ m5 ( ! age4 ,we might z well n[ come directly to ! "q :e!r ! ,jesus ( ! ,gospels 0 an ideal r ?an a hi/orical individual--an imp]sonation r ?an a p]son4 ,& "h we take ! broad gr\nd t :e!r !re 0 a real man or n makes no diff]5ce :atev]1 because ! writ+s !mselves are l>gely ideal1 & s make ! man :at he 0 n4 ,no two p]sons wor%ip ! same ,god1 ! 8p]sonifi$ ,inf9ite40 ,! conception ( ,god mu/ itself be limit$ & incomplete1 & !re=e inadequate & l>gely ideal4 ,no two p]sons believe 9 ! same ,jesus1 s !re mu/ be z _m ideals z !re are believ]s4 ,! habit ( exagg]at+1 ( deify+ ^? :om we h be5 taught to reg>d z ! greate/ & be/1 is a well-kn[n disposition ( ! human m9d4 ,inde$1 8! function ( ! ,*ur* is ! cultivation ( ! ideal40 ,?is is s palpable t ! leg5ds ( all religions recognize ?is pr9ciple to su* an ext5t t mo/ ( !m repres5t _! 8saviors0 z hav+ be5 born ( virg9 mo!rs4 ,ca?olics flock to _! temples & 9 p>rot-l utt]ances wor%ip an ideal ,jesus & an equally ideal ,virg91 & ?us cultivate only ! ideal side ( _! nature4 ,x is v mu* easi] to excite ! imag9ation ?an to conv9ce ! und]/&+2 & ?is is ! real secret ( ! /r5g? ( ,ca?olicism & ( ! weakness ( ,prote/antism4 ,ca?olic wor%ip is ma9ly spectacul>1 an appeal to ! s5ses1 & is !re=e attractive alike to ! un$ucat$ & ! educat$4 ,!y believe ! ,gospels lit]ally1 because !y h _h ! pr9cipal incid5ts record$ 9 !m set =? be=e _! eyes f _! v bir?1 & !y _c be reason$ out ( :at !y h nev] be5 reason$ into4 ,b we are told t ,jesus mu/ h be5 a real p]son or he nev] c\ld h ex]t$ ! influ5ce t he has = ! la/ eighte5 hundr$ ye>s ^u s _m millions ( p4 ,let u see3 ,if ,jesus ev] dwelt ^u ?is e>?1 x mu/ h be5 sev]al hundr$ ye>s ago4 ,n "o ( ! _m millions :o h wor%ipp$ him s9ce 8 few ye>s ( soj\rn "h b h done s 9 view ( :at !y h he>d ( him or read ( him4 ,!y nev] saw him & nev] he>d 8 voice4 ,he wrote no?+1 & nev] au?oriz$ any "o else to write any?+4 ,aft] ! lapse ( ne>ly two c5turies ! f\r ,gospels appe>$4 ,v little is told ( him !re4 ,if y take out :at is repeat$ conc]n+ him !re91 y w\ld n h1 9 l5g?1 :at w\ld make a mod]n s]mon2 & t w\ld be f\nd full ( contradictions1 absurdities1 & impossibilities4 ,^? :o h believ$ on him h believ$ on :at !y call$ te/imony conc]n+ him2 & t te/imony w\ld h produc$ ! same effect :e!r true or false if !y really believ$ x4 ,! real exi/5ce ( an alleg$ p]son is n ess5tial to excite admiration if x is really believ$ t he exi/$4 ,! ,swiss lov$ & honor$ ,william ,tell j z mu* z if he _h n 9 ^! latt] ye>s be5 prov$ a my?4 ,! _w's hi/ory teems ) ! h]oic de$s ( _m noble p]sons 7imp]sonations7 :o nev] _h an exi/5ce1 & ! lit]ature ( ! race w\ld greatly suff] by /rik+ out all t is fictiti\s4 ,! reason t ! ideal ,*ri/ has ex]t$ s mu* great] influ5ce ?an any o!r imp]sonation is because s _m skilful arti/s h be/[$ _! be/ labor ^u x1 & because ! figure is s anci5t & conta9s s _m features t comm5d !mselves to ! human m9d & he>t4 ,we f9d 9 ,natural ,g5esis1 by ! ,engli% poet ,g]ald ,massey1 a passage :i* s beautifully portrays our own view ( ?is subject t we _c =be> copy+ x3 8,x has (t5 be5 said t if !re 7 no hi/oric ,*ri/ !n ! writ]s :o repres5t$ su* a conception ( ! div9e man mu/ h includ$ among/ !m "o :o 0 equal to ! ,*ri/4 ,b ! my?ical ,*ri/ 0 n ! outcome ( any su* conception4 ,x 0 n a "w ( ! individual m9d at all1 b ( ! human race--a cr[n+ result ( evolution v]sus any private conception ( a h]o4 ,?is 0 ! h]o ( all m51 :o nev] 0 & 0 nev] meant to be human1 b f ! beg9n+ 0 div9e2 a my?ical h]o )\t mortal model1 & equally )\t fault or flaw4 ,?is 0 ! />-god :o dawn$ ?r\gh ! out]mo/ d>kness2 ?is 0 ! moon-god :o br\ght ! message ( r5ewal & immortality2 ?is 0 ! sun-god :o came ) ! morn+ to all m52 ?is 9 ! ,kronian /age 0 ! ann\nc] ( new life & endless cont9uity at ! op5+ ( e cycle1 & 9 ! psy*o!i/ic phase ! typical son ( ! ,et]nal z manife/] & repres5tative 9 "t4 8,z a m5tal model ! ,*ri/ 0 elaborat$ by :ole races ( m51 & work$ at cont9ually1 l ! ,apollo ( ,greek sculpture4 ,v>i\s nations wr\ght at ?is ideal1 :i* long-cont9u$ repetition evok$ f ! human m9d at la/ z x did ! ,greek god f ! m>ble4 8,egypt labor$ at ! portrait = ?\s&s ( ye>s be=e ! ,greeks add$ _! f9i%+ t\*es to ! type ( ! ev]-y\?ful sol> god4 ,x 0 ,egypt t fir/ made ! /atue live ) h] own life1 & humaniz$ h] ideal ( ! div9e4 ,h]s 0 ! leg5d ( supreme pity & self-sacrifice s (t5 told ( ! canonical ,*ri/4 ,%e relat$ h[ ! v god did leave ! c\rts ( heav5 & come d[n z a little *ild1 ! infant ,horus born ( ! ,virg91 ?r\gh :om he took fle% or desc5d$ into matt]1 cross$ ! e>? z a sub/itute_/ desc5d$ into ,hades z ! vivifi] ( ! dead1 _! vic>i\s ju/ifi] & r$eem]1 ! fir/-fruits & lead] ( ! resurrection into et]nal life4 ,! ,*ri/ian leg5ds 7 fir/ relat$ ( ,horus1 or ,osiris1 :o 0 ! embodim5t ( div9e goodness1 wisdom1 tru?1 & purity--:o p]sonat$ ideal p]fection 9 ea* sph]e ( manife/ation & e phase ( p[]4 ,?is 0 ! greate/ h]o t ev] liv$ 9 ! m9d ( man--n 9 ! fle%--to influ5ce ) trans=m+ =ce2 ! only h]o to :om ! miracles 7 natural because he 0 n human4 ,! canonical ,*ri/ only ne$$ a translator1 n a creator1 a transcrib] ( ! #8say+s' & a collector ( ! #8do+s' already ascrib$ to ! my?ical ,*ri/4 8,! humaniz$ hi/ory is b ! my?ical drama made mundane4 ,! say+s & m>vell\s do+s ( ,*ri/ be+ pre-extant1 ! #8_s ( ,*ri/1' ! #8secret ( ,*ri/1' ! #8sweet reasonabl5ess ( ,*ri/' 7 all pre-,*ri/ian1 & consequ5tly c\ld n be d]iv$ f any #8p]sonal f\nd]' ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,!y 7 extant be=e ! great delusion _h turn$ ! m9ds ( m5 & ! figure-head ( ,pet]'s b>k _h be5 mi/ak5 = a portrait ( ! build]4 8,! ,*ri/ ( ! ,gospels is 9 no s5se an hi/orical p]sonage or a supreme model ( humanity--a h]o :o /rove1 & suff]$1 & fail$ to save ! _w by 8 dea?4 ,x is impossible to e/abli% ! exi/5ce ( an hi/orical "* ev5 z an impo/or4 ,= su* an "o ! two witnesses1 a/ronomical my?ology & ,gno/icism1 completely prove an alibi4 ,! ,*ri/ is a popul> lay figure t nev] liv$1 & a lay figure ( pagan orig9--a lay figure t 0 once ! ,ram & aft]w>d ! ,fi%2 a lay figure t 9 human =m 0 ! portrait & image ( a doz5 diff]5t gods4 8,! imag]y ( ! ,catacombs %[s t ! types !re repres5t$ are n ! ideal figures ( ! human reality4 ,!y are ! sole reality ( ! c5turies aft] ! ,*ri/ian era1 because !y _h be5 9 ! c5turies long be=e4 ,! symbolism1 ! allegories1 ! figures1 & types rema9$ !re j :at !y 7 to ! ,romans1 ,greeks1 ,p]sians1 & ,egyptians1 ,! iconography ( ! ,catacombs absolutely proves t ! lay figure1 z ,*ri/1 mu/ h sat = ! portraits ( ,osiris1 ,horus ! *ild1 ,mi?ras1 ,bac*us1 ,ari/u1 ,apollo1 ,pan1 ! ,good ,%eph]d4 ,! lay figure or type is "o all ?r\gh4 ,! portraits are manifold1 yet !y all mean ! my?ical ,*ri/ "u :atsoev] "n4 8,! typical ,*ri/1 s f> f be+ d]iv$ f ! model man1 has be5 made up f ! features ( _m gods1 aft] a fa%ion some:at simil> to ^? #8pictorial av]ages' portray$ by ,mr4 ,galton1 9 :i* ! *>act]i/ics ( v>i\s p]sons are photograph$ & fus$ 9 a portrait--a composite lik5ess ( tw5ty diff]5t p]sons m]g$ 9 "o t is n anybody4 8,x is pitiful to track ! poor fai?ful glean]s :o pick$ up e fall5 fragm5t or scatt]$ waif & /ray ( ! my?os1 & to wat* h[ !y treasur$ e trait & t9t ( ! ideal ,*ri/ to make up ! p]sonal portrait ( _! own suppos$ real "o4 ,8 "m1 l ! o!r =ms ( ! que5 ( heav51 _h ! color ( ! mat] frugum1 ! complexion ( ! gold5 corn2 & a ,greek ,fa!r ( ! eigh? c5tury cites an e>ly tradition ( ! ,*ri/ians conc]n+ ! p]sonnel ( ! ,*ri/ to ! effect t 9 tak+ ! =m ( ,adam he assum$ features exactly l ^? ( ! ,virg91 & 8 face 0 ( a :eat5 color1 l t ( 8 "m4 ,t is1 he 7! se$7 0 corn-complexion$1 z 0 ! "m ( corn1 l ,flava ,k]es1 ,aurea ,v5us1 ! ,gold5 ,lak%mi1 ! ,yell[ ,neitli2 & ! son 0 h] se$1 :i* 9 ,egypt 0 ! corn br\ght =? at ! v]nal equ9ox1 & :i* 0 cont9u$ 9 ! cult ( ,rome z ! #8bread-corn ( ! elect4' 8,9 ! *apt] ( #8kn[+ ! spirits ( ! ,ea/' ! ,osirifi$ assumes ! type ( ! virile & hairy ,horus1 ! div9e hawk ( ! resurrection4 ,?is is call$ ! type "u :i* he desires to appe> be=e all m52 & x is said1 #88 hair is on 8 %\ld] :5 he proce$s to ! heav54' ,?is long hair ( ! adult ,horus rea*+ d[n to ! %\ld]s is a typical feature 9 ! portraits ( ! ,messiah1 ! copy ( ! ,kamite ,*ri/ made p]man5t by ! art ( ! ,gno/ics4 ,! halo ( ,*ri/ is ! glory ( ! sun-god se5 9 8 phantom phase :5 ! m physical type _h become psy*o!i/ic4 ,h5ce x is worn by ! *ild-,*ri/ z ! k>a/ mummy4 ,x is ! same halo t illum9$ ,horus & ,iu-em-hept1 ,kri%na & ,buddha1 & o!rs ( :om ! same old tales ( deliv]ance & r$emption 7 told & believ$4 ,yet ! dummy ideal ( paganism is suppos$ to h become d\bly real z ! man-god /&+ ) "o foot 9 two worlds--"o re/+ on ! gr\nd ( ! fall f heav51 & ! o!r on ! physical resurrection f ! e>?40 ,x is a well-kn[n fact t _m e>ly ,*ri/ian sects absolutely d5i$ ! exi/5ce ( ,*ri/ 9 ! fle%1 reg>d+ him z a phantom4 ,x is v difficult to decide :e!r ! apo/le ,paul believ$ 9 a real or an ideal ,*ri/4 ,he wrote 8 ,epi/les be=e ! ,gospels 7 writt51 & !re=e c\ld h le>n$ no?+ f t s\rce4 ,conc]n+ ! v>i\s appe>ances ( ,jesus aft] ! resurrection1 he says3 8,la/ ( all1 he 0 se5 ( me1 z by "o born out ( due "t10 & ?is seems to be> out ! conjecture t ,jesus 0 an ideal1 inasmu* z x 0 n 9 ! fle% t he saw him1 & 8 refusal to "k him aft] ! fle% indicates 8 /rong pref]5ce = him z an idea1 & n z a p]son4 ,paul makes no m5tion ( any miracle b t ( ! resurrection1 & t 0 manife/ly a spiritual r ?an a physical fact4 ,moreov]1 he 0 a ,ph>isee1 & x is difficult to see h[ he c\ld h 8glori$ 9 ! cross0 _h he tak5 ! cross 9 a lit]al s5se4 ,he ca/s no reproa* on ! ,jews = caus+ ,jesus to suff]1 & nev] speaks ( ! crucifixion z a crime1 nor %[s a p>ticle ( sympa?y or compassion ) ! suff]]4 ,he seems to h be5 ! real f\nd] ( ,*ri/ianity1 & might h _h 9 view ! direct action ( ! sol> div9ity ) :om ,*ri/ _h become associat$4 ,a c>eful analysis ( ! ,paul9e ,epi/les w %[1 we ?9k1 t ! ,*ri/ ( ,paul 0 an idea4 ,& "h x is important to be> 9 m9d t ^? :o attribut$ to him at lea/ t5 ,epi/les he nev] wrote w\ld n scruple to alt]1 am5d1 int]polate1 & *ange portions ( ! ,epi/les he actually did write4 ,^? :o =m$ ! sy/em ( ,*ri/ian ecclesia/icism nev] c\ld af=d to h a consci5ce4 ,^? ,fa!rs ( ! second c5tury :o =m$ ! f\ndations ( ! ,ca?olic hi]>*y 7 mo/ unscrupul\s m54 ,( ! ,gno/ics1 ,mr4 ,g]ald ,massey speaks z foll[s3 8,! anci5t wisdom ( ,egypt & ,*aldea liv$ on ) ! m5 :o knew1 call$ ! ,gno/ics4 ,!y _h directly inh]it$ ! gnosis t rema9$ oral1 ! say+s utt]$ f m\? to e> t 7 to be unwritt51 ! my/]ies p]=m$ 9 secret1 ! sci5ce kept conceal$4 ,! cont9uity ( ! a/ronomical my?os ( ,equ9octial ,*ri/olatry & ( ! total typology is prov$ by ! p]si/5ce ( ! type--! anci5t g5itrix1 ! two si/]s1 ! hebdomad ( inf]ior & sup]ior p[]s1 ! tr9ity 9 unity repres5t$ by ,iao ! tetrads male & female1 ! d\ble ,horus1 or ,horus & ,/auros1 ! sy/em ( ns1 ! ,k>aite div9ities1 ,h>pocrates & ,sut-,anubis1 ,isis & ,ha?or4 ,!irs 0 ! ,*ri/ n made fle%1 b ! manife/] ( ! sev5 p[]s & p]fect /> ( ! pl]oma4 ,! figure ( eight1 :i* is a sign ( ! ,nnu or associate gods 9 ,egypt1 :o 7 ! prim>y ,ogdoad1 is reproduc$ z a gno/ic symbol1 a figure ( ! pl]oma & fell[-type ( ! eight-ray$ />4 ,! #8,lamb ( ,god' 0 a gno/ic sign4 #8,"l1 ?\ art ! ,lamb' 7& #8our ,light'7 0 a gno/ic =mula4 ,! #8,immaculate ,virg9' 0 a gno/ic type4 ,on "o ( ! s>d /ones ,isis /&s be=e ,s]apis hold+ ! si/rum 9 "o h&1 9 ! o!r a :eat%eaf1 ! leg5d be+ #8,immaculate is our ,lady ,isis1' :i* proves ! cont9uity f ,kam4 8,x 0 gno/ic art t reproduc$ ! ,ha?or-,m]i & ,horus ( ,egypt z ! ,virg9 & *ild-,*ri/ ( ,rome1 & ! icons ( *>act]s entirely ideal :i* s]v$ z ! sole portraits ( ! hi/orical ,madonna & ,jesus ! ,*ri/4 ,! report ( ,ir5u suffic$ to %[ ! survival ( ! true tradition4 ,he compla9s ( ! oral wisdom ( ! ,gno/ics1 & says rightly !y read f ?+s unwritt5--i4 e4 f s\rces unkn[n to him & ! ,fa!rs 9 g5]al4 ,*ief ( ^! s\rces 0 ! sci5ce ( a/ronomy4 ,he te/ifies t ,m>cus 0 skill$ 9 ?is =m ( ! gnosis1 & enables u to foll[ ! l9e ( unbrok5 cont9uity1 & to confute 8 own ass]tion t ,gno/icism _h no exi/5ce prior to ,m>cion & ,val5t9us2 :i* %[s he did n "k1 or else he d5i$ ! fact1 t ! ,suttites1 ! ,m&aites1 ! ,ess5es1 & ,naz>5es 7 all ,gno/ics2 all ( :i* sects prec$$ ! cult ( ! c>naliz$ ,*ri/4 ,hippolytus in=ms u t ,elkesai said ! ,*ri/ born ( a ,virg9 0 onian4 ,! ,elkesites ma9ta9$ t ,jesus ! ,*ri/ _h cont9ually trans=m$ & manife/$ 9 v>i\s bodies at _m diff]5t times4 ,?is %[s !y also 7 9 possession ( ! gnosis1 & t ! ,*ri/ & 8 repeat$ inc>nations 7 ,kronian4 ,h5ce we are told t !y occupi$ !mselves #8) a bu/l+ activity 9 reg>d to a/ronomical sci5ce4' ,epiphanius also be>s witness t ! head & front ( ! gno/ic boa/ 0 a/ronomy1 & t ,manes wrote a "w on a/ronomy1 a/ronomy be+ ! root ( ! :ole matt] conc]n+ ,equ9octial ,*ri/olatry4 8,no?+ is m a/\nd+1 on _! own %[+1 ?an ! ignorance ( ! ,fa!rs ab\t ! nature1 ! significance1 ! desc5t ( ,gno/icism1 & its rootage 9 ! remote/ pa/4 ,!y knew no?+ ( evolution or ! survival ( types1 & = !m ! new beg9n+ ) ,*ri/ c>naliz$ oblit]at$ all t prec$$4 ,su* a ?+ z priority1 natural g5esis1 or ! doctr9e ( developm5t did n tr\ble ^? :o consid]$ t ! m ! my? ! great] 0 ! miracle :i* prov$ ! div9ity4 8,also1 x has be5 ass]t$ f ! "t ( ,ir5u d[n to t ( ,mansel t ! ,gno/ic h]etics ( ! second c5tury inv5t$ a numb] ( spuri\s ,gospels 9 imitation ( or 9 opposition to ! true gospel ( ,*ri/1 :i* has desc5d$ to u z canonical1 au!ntic1 & hi/oric4 ,?is is a popul> delusion1 false en\gh to damn all belief 9 x f ! beg9n+ until n[4 ,! ignorance ( ! pa/ manife/$ by m5 l ,ir5u is ! measure ( ! value ( _! te/imony to ! orig9es ( ,equ9octial ,*ri/olatry4 ,!y :o pret5d to "k all conc]n+ ! f\nd+ & ! f\nd] "k no?+ ( ! f\ndations4444 8,gno/icism1 accord+ to ^? :o are ignorant ( its orig9 & relation%ips1 0 suppos$ & assum$ to h orig9at$ 9 ! second c5tury2 ! fir/ be+ c>efully avoid$1 only proves t ! ,a-,gno/ics1 :o _h lit]ally adopt$ ! pre-,*ri/ian types1 & believ$ !y _h be5 hi/orically fulfill$1 7 !n = ! fir/ "t becom+ consci\s ( ! cult t prec$$ !irs & face to face ) ^? :o held !m to be ! h]etics4 ,gno/icism 0 no bir? or new ?+ 9 ! second c5tury1 x 0 no p]v]t] or corrupt] ( ,*ri/ian doctr9es div9ely reveal$1 b ! voice ( an old] cult gr[+ m audible 9 its prote/ aga9/ a sup]/ition z degrad+ & debas+ n[ z :5 x 0 d5\nc$ by m5 l ,tacitus1 ,pl9y1 ,julian1 ,m>cus ,aurelius1 & ,porphyry4 ,= :at c\ld be m %ock+ to any s5se really religi\s ?an ! belief t ! v ,god himself _h desc5d$ on e>? z an embryo 9 a virg9's womb1 to run ! risk ( abortion & univ]sal misc>riage dur+ n9e mon?s 9 ut]o1 & !n dy+ on a cross to save 8 own creat$ _w or a portion ( its p f et]nal p]dition8 ,! oppon5ts ( ! late/ sup]/ition 7 too intellig5t to accept a dy+ deity4444 8,nev] 7 m5 m p]plex$ & bewild]$ ?an ! ,a-,gno/ic ,*ri/ians ( ! ?ird & f\r? c5turies--:o _h />t$ f a new beg9n+ altoge!r1 :i* !y _h be5 taught to consid] solely hi/oric--:5 !y turn$ to look back = ! fir/ "t to f9d t an app>ition ( _! fai? 0 foll[+ !m "o way & confront+ !m 9 ano!r2 a %ad[ t ?reat5$ to /eal away _! sub/ance1 mock+ !m ) its arial unreality2 ! gho/ ( ! body ( tru? :i* !y _h embrac$ z a solid & et]nal reality claim+ to be ! rightful own] ( _! possessions2 a phantom ,*ri/ )\t fle% or bone2 a crucifixion t only occurr$ 9 cl\dl&2 a p>ody ( ! drama ( salvation p]=m$ 9 ! air1 ) nev] a cross to cl+ to1 n a nail-w\nd to ?ru/ ! f+]s into & hold on by1 n "o drop ( blood to wa% away _! s9s4 ,x 0 horrible4 ,x 0 devili%4 ,x 0 ! devil1 !y said1 & ?us !y s\ght to acc\nt = ,gno/icism & fight d[n _! fe>s4 #8,y poor ignorant idiotai6' said ! ,gno/ics1 #8y h mi/ak5 ! my/]ies ( old = mod]n hi/ory1 & accept$ lit]ally all t 0 only meant my/ically4'--#8,y spawn ( ,satan6' respond$ ! ,*ri/ians1 #8y are mak+ ! my/]y by conv]t+ our accompli%$ facts into y\r mis]able fables2 y are dissipat+ & disp]s+ into ?9 air our only bit ( solid foo?old 9 ! _w1 /a9$ ) ! r$ drops ( ,calv>y4 ,y are giv+ a ,satanic int]pretation to ! ^w ( revelation & falsify+ ! oracles ( ,god4 ,y are conv]t+ ! solid facts ( our hi/ory into y\r new-fangl$ allegories4'--#8,nay1' repli$ ! ,gno/ics1 #8x is y :o h tak5 ! allegories ( my?ology = hi/oric facts4' ,& !y 7 "r4 ,x 0 9 consequ5ce ( _! tak+ ! allegorical tradition ( ! fall = reality t ! ,*ri/ian ,fa!rs consid]$ woman to be accurs$1 & call$ h] a s]p5t1 a scorpion1 ! devil 9 fem99e =m40 ,! ,gno/ics are said by ,gibbon to h be5 8! mo/ polite1 ! mo/ le>n$1 & ! mo/ weal?y ( ! ,*ri/ian "n40 ,!y 7 f9ally =bidd5 by ,!odosias ,i4 to assemble at _! places ( meet+ or to tea* _! doctr9es4 ,_! books1 too1 7 burn$1 s t we h n[ no full acc\nt ( !m4 ,only ^? :o li$ ab\t !m h be5 p]mitt$ a he>+4 ,! v fact t all ! app>5tly hi/oric ev5ts 9 ! life ( ,jesus h an a/rological & metaphoric "* lifts him out ( ! category ( physical humanity into t ( ! ideal4 ,we may relegate him ?i!r1 & yet leave no vacant place 9 ! ar5a ( common life4 ,?is w\ld be 9 p]fect keep+ ) anci5t usage4 ,among ! reput$ f\nd]s ( philosophic sy/ems we h no evid5ce ( ! exi/5ce ( su* great tea*]s z ,manu1 ,kapila1 ,vyasa1 ,kanada1 or ,gotama1 & ! f\nd+ ( ! pr9cipal commonweal?s 0 ascrib$ to demigods & fictiti\s eponym\s h]oes4 ,rome1 ,a!ns1 ,sp>ta1 ,!bes1 & inde$ e anci5t city ( note1 0 said to be e/abli%$ aft] t mann]4 ,ev5 lead]s & tea*]s actually exi/+ h be5 disguis$ by my? or ! *>act]i/ics ( ! doctr9e :i* !y taught4 ,confucius & ,zoroa/] are hidd5 f view by ! "* assign$ to !m by lat] writ]s4 ,ev5 ,socrates z he appe>s & speaks 9 ! ,platonic ,dialogues is little else ?an a p]sonification ( ! ,academic philosophy4 ,:5 we consid] t he is closely assimilat$ to ! sages & h]o-gods ( ! o!r wor%ips1 & t e significant po9t 9 8 hi/ory con=ms to a/rological p]iods & to simil> *>act]i/ics 9 ! pagan religions1 we _c well avoid ! conclusion t he too is an ideal4 ,mr4 ,william ,oxley ( ,engl&1 9 8 great "w on ,egypt1 takes ! gr\nd t ! acc\nt we h ( ,jesus 9 ! ,gospels is sub/antially drawn f ,egyptian s\rces4 ,am5oph ,,iii4 0 "o ( ! greate/ ( ! old ,egyptian k+s4 ,among/ o!r gigantic works1 he built ! temple at ,luxor1 mu* ( :i* is buri$ 9 s& & cov]$ ov] by native h\ses4 ,x is on ! walls ( ?is temple t v rem>kable sculptures are portray$ relat+ to ! bir?1 etc4 ( ,am5oph ,,iii42 !y are on ! inn] wall ( ! sacr$ %r9e1 ! holy ( holies1 & ! sculptur$ sc5es repres5t ! annunciation1 ! conception1 ! inc>nation1 bir?1 & adoration ( ! div9e man-*ild 7,am5oph ,,iii47 born f ,mut-em-,sa4 ,! two latt] syllables mean 8! ,alone10 or ,only ,"o1 & ! :ole title means 8! "m :o gave bir? to ! ,only ,"o40 ,"o fact is e/abli%$ beyond all cavil1 & t is t ! ,new ,te/am5t is ! product ( an ord] ( m5 well v]s$ 9 a/ronomy1 & :o by ! aid ( t sci5ce produc$1 on l9es laid d[n by ! anci5t ,egyptian hi]ophants1 a new v]sion ( ! old my?s & allegories4 ,we h z a fact ! actual names & dates plagi>iz$ f an ,egypto-,arabic s\rce1 :i* und\bt$ly betrays its orig91 & ! int]pretation ( ?is1 & numb]less in/ances besides1 9 /rict accordance ) ! a/rological =mula & sy/em1 ) its ,graeco-,egyptian zodiacal pictorial repres5tations4 ,oxley says3 8,apropos to ?is doctr9e1 ,i h 9 my possession two /atuettes--"o dat+ f ! tw5ty-second dyna/y1 #ijj ,b4 c4--( ,isis1 cr[n$ & nurs+ ! babe ,horus4 ,on my return f ,egypt ?r\gh ,italy1 ,i obta9$ a /atuette ( ,m>y1 cr[n$ & nurs+ ! babe ,jesus1 :i* is an exact copy ( ! ,virg9 & ,*ild 9 ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,augu/9e 9 ,rome4 ,! figures are id5tical40 ,face to face ) su* a fact1 :o d>e ass]t t ! ,egyptian ,isis & ,horus are a my?1 & t ! ,*ri/ian ,m>y & ,jesus are really hi/orical8 ,"s simple-m9d$ ones beguile !mselves ) ! delusion t ^! ,egyptian & o!r hea!n beliefs are prophecies ( ! real ,jesus :o 9 ! fulness ( "t came d[n f heav5 & 0 born ( a virg94 ,b aga9/ ?is we h n only ! actual claim ( sev]al ,egyptian k+s to be ! 8son ( ,god accord+ to promise or prophecy0 7sixte5 hundr$ ye>s be=e ,*ri/ 0 born71 b we h ! fact ( a :ole nation = ?\s&s ( ye>s re/+ _! hopes ( et]nal salvation ^u a belief t 8! son ( ,god1 ,osiris1 came d[n f heav51 took ^u himself ! mortal =m1 0 sla9 by wick$ h&s1 rose aga9 f ! dead1 & asc5d$ into heav51 :]e he became ! great judge ( all mank9d40 ,:at adds to ! difficulty is t no dates are giv5 9 ! writ+s ( ! e>ly ,*ri/ian au?ors1 &1 :at is m1 _m ( _! names are evid5tly noms de plume2 = in/ance1 ! ar*-h]etic ,arius & ! great ,nic5e ,c\ncil seem to resolve !mselves simply into a controv]sy relat+ to ! sun-god "u ! =m ( ,aries 7! ,ram or ,lamb72 & z to dates 9 connection !re)1 !y are simply ,masonic po9ts ) an a/ronomical ref]5ce & symbolical mean+4 ,9 pla9 t]ms1 ne>ly ! :ole ( bo? ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5ts is an allegorical record ( a/ral1 sol>1 & planet>y ph5om5a1 ) p]sonages sub/itut$ = zodiacal signs2 & ) ?is key 9 h& ! ,h]metic /ud5t c unravel ! allegories :i* are pres5t$ 9 su* a =m z to read l lit]al hi/ory4 ,our ,engli% "n = ! zodiacal sign ref]r$ to is ! ,ram1 b 9 ,lat9 x is ,aries1 & ,nisan 7:i* is ! mon? ( ,m>*74 ,! 8sacr$ ye>0 ( all sy/ems comm5ces ) ?is mon? & sign2 h5ce ! ,arian h]esy & ! ,c\ncil ( ,nice2 :i* resolves itself into a descriptive p]sonifi$ acc\nt ( a conjunction ( planets ab\t ! def9ite fix+ ( ! fir/ po9t ( ,aries z a basic po9t 9 "t 9 hi/ory1 & :i* po9t is us$ 9 a/ronomical sci5ce to ?is day4 ,b ! appe>ance ( ! ,cross1 ) ! lett]s ,i ,h ,s on ! planisph]ical *>t1 gives ! key to ! solution ( ! my/]y4 ,! ,*ur* int]prets ^! lett]s to /& = ,jesus ,salvator ,hom9um--i4 e4 ,jesus ! ,savi\r ( ,m54 ,! initiates read !m z num]als1 :i* /& = #fjh2 :i* is ! exact p]iod ( a sol>-lun> cycle--i4 e4 ! numb] ( ye>s :i* pass be=e ! sun & moon occupy ! same relative positions 9 ! heav5s4 ,accord+ to ! a/ral !ology ( anci5t religi\s sy/ems1 ?is cycle ( #fjh 7or #fjj7 ye>s repres5t$ a ,messianic p]iod1 at ! completion ( :i* a new messiah or avat> or savior 0 born ^u ! e>?4 ,! "o prior to ,jesus 0 ,cyrus1 :o gave ord]s = ! build+ ( ! temple at ,j]usalem j six hundr$ ye>s be=e ,*ri/4 ,mana!o speaks ( a 8,cyrus10 son ( ,cambyses1 fir/ k+ ( ! tw5ty-second dyna/y1 b no ,cyrus appe>s 9 ! ,egyptian annals4 ,! biblical ,cyrus is only ano!r =m ( ,osiris1 & is 9 reality a sun-savior4 ,! ,arabs us$ ! same sy/em1 = _! ,mohamm$ comes 9 j ab\t six hundr$ ye>s aft] ,*ri/1 & _! era comm5ces ) _! comm5cem5t ( a new ye>1 :i* dates f #fbb ,a4 ,d4 ,ev5 our late/ era--,anno ,dom9i--did n come into g5]al use until ab\t "o ?\s& ye>s aft] ! ev5t x is said to commemorate _h pass$4 ,?is epo* 0 introduc$ into ,italy 9 ! six? c5tury by ,dionysius ! ,little1 a ,roman abbot1 & x began to be us$ 9 ,gaul 9 ! eigh?1 b 0 n g5]ally foll[$ until ! n9? c5tury4 ,f extant *>t]s 9 ,engl& x is kn[n to h be5 us$ a little be=e ! n9? c5tury1 b x did n come into common use = a c5tury lat]4 ,"t 01 = c5turies aft] ! alleg$ bir? ( ,*ri/1 calculat$ f ,janu>y #a 9 ! #d? ( ! #aid? ,olympiad1 ! #gec;d ,a4 u4 c4 ( ! f\ndation ( ,rome1 & #dgad? ( ! ,julian p]iod4 ,! a/ro-!ological f\ndation ( ! ,new ,te/am5t be+ demon/rat$1 ! actual date ( ! compilation ( ! matt] becomes ( second>y importance1 inasmu* z cele/ial ph5om5a are z true today z !y 7 :5 fir/ us$ to symbolize ! intellectual & spiritual nature ( man4 ,z all nations t h any pret5sions to be consid]$ civiliz$ h _h ! same ph5om5a = _! religi\s sy/ems1 & z ! pa? ( ! sol> orb has be5 utiliz$ = ! hi/ory ( its v>i\s p]sonifications1 ! "q arises1 ,:i* out ( ! _m messiahs or sun-saviors are true1 & :i* are false8 ,z has be5 already not$1 ! lead+ incid5ts 9 ! memoirs ( ,osiris1 ,buddha1 ,*ri%na1 & ,jesus are id5tical 9 conception1 b m or less v>i$ 9 expression accord+ to ! idiosyncrasies ( ! writ]s4 ,! logical & true me?od is to reg>d "o & all z allegorical symbols1 clo!d n m]ely ) an eclectic intellectuality1 b ve/$ ) a moral p[] t c affect ! he>t & consci5ce ( m5 = good4 ,! p>5tage ( ,*ri/ianism is 9 ,egyptian ,osirianism1 :ile t ( :at we und]/& z ,judaism is attributable to ,*aldean s\rces1 bo? conv]g+ to a common c5tre & f9d+ a new expression ?r\gh two div]se ord]s1 yet bo? equally v]s$ 9 ,cabali/ic sci5ce1 modifi$ by ! eclectic influ5ces :i* 7 active at ! p]iod ( _! production4 ,! ecclesia/ical p>ty1 = reasons :i* are well und]/ood1 nev] all[$ ! laity to be taught o!r ?an ! lit]al & surface mean+1 :ile ! my/ic bro!rhoods 7 =bidd5 by ! rules ( _! ord]s to make public ! real mean+ ( ! symbols1 ( :i* only ! highe/ degree ( initiates 7 all[$ to "k4 ,mr4 ,william ,oxley fur!r ?9ks t if x 7 possible to raise ! veil t obscures ! hi/oric pa/ x w\ld be f\nd t ! div9e-human ideal figure ( ,jesus ,*ri/ is ! comb9ation ( ! ,we/]n ,hesus & ,ea/]n ,*ri/us4 ,?is acc\nts = ! title1 :ile ! incid5ts 9 ! life ( ! hi/oric ,apollonius ( ,tyana w\ld supply mat]ial = ! p]sonal n>rative4 ,9 fact1 ! n]v\s desire ( ecclesia/ical review]s to suppress or expla9 away ! too pat5t simil>ity betwe5 8 & ! ,gospel life ( ,jesus is a half admission ( !re be+ a sub/ratum ( tru? 9 ! allegation4 ,oxley says3 8,aga9/ ! claim = a v high antiquity 9 reg>d to ev5 ! ,old ,te/am5t1 we are confront$ ) ! fact t all ! ,hebrew words us$ 9 its compilation h _! roots 9 ! ,arabic language 7or ,aramaic1 :i* closely bord]s ^u ! ,arabic72 & :at is n less /range is1 t _m ( ! s-call$ apocryphal writ+s ( ! ,*ri/ians are /ill extant 9 ! same language4 ,z ,*ri/ian productions ?is fact is inexplicable1 b consid]$ z ,*re/onian tales or leg5ds1 x is easy to und]/&1 see+ t !y relate to ! humaniz$ deity ( t geographical di/rict40 ,he concludes t ,*ri/ianity1 consid]$ z a liv+ spiritual tru?1 is ! gradual developm5t ( a sy/em ( ?\ght1 & is ! resultant ( ! highe/ & be/ conception ( ! human m9d z an ideal ( purity & e virtue t x is capable ( express+2 &1 fur!r1 t ?is ideal 0 pres5t$ to diff]5t nations long be=e ! ,*ri/ian "o 0 kn[n1 & t x 0 ! lit]aliz+ or p]sonification ( ?is writt5 ideal t af=d$ conditions = ! sup]/ructure ( ecclesia/ical sy/ems1 dep5d5t on a sep>ate ca/e ( m5 set ap>t = ! purpose ( its support & propag&a4 ,z ^! m5 7 able to grasp & wield p[] ov] ! intellect1 & ev5 p]sons1 ( _! vot>ies1 s 9 exact ratio ! spiritual & intellectual ideal 7:i* is n a monad1 b univ]sal7 0 lo/1 & ! assum$ hi/orical p]sonage is exalt$ at ! exp5se ( spiritual lib]ty & ! bir?right pr]ogative ( humanity4 ,9 %ort1 ! suppos$ ,f\nd] ( ,*ri/ianity is n an hi/orical p]sonage1 b an old ideal pres5t$ 9 a new] & bett] & high] =m ?an its pr$ecessors2 &1 fur!r1 ?is ideal is n dep5d5t ^u a pa/ hi/orical1 b is held up z ! /&>d ( atta9m5t by humanity2 & z ea* realizes ! tru? )9 him or h]self1 !n !y w f9d t ! real 8,*ri/0 is n & 0 n an hi/orical p]son1 b a spiritual life-giv+ pr9ciple )9 !mselves4 ,! records ( hi/ory %[ t a dramatic ,*ri/ has come d[n ! /ream ( "t f ! e>lie/ p]iods2 f ,india ?r\gh ,egypt1 ,*9a1 ,assyria1 ,babylon1 ,p]sia1 ,arabia1 ,asia ,m9or1 & ,pale/9e1 until ! pres5t "t--f ! ,buddha ( ! ,tauric con/ellations to ! ,aries & ,pisces ( ! mod]n ,*ri/2 & all 8 manife/ations possess ! ess5tial *>act]i/ics ( ! "o sun-god4 ,midway betwe5 ,buddhi/s & ! ,*ri/ians appe>s ! sublimely ideali/ic my?ology ( ,greece1 %9+ all ov] ) ! glory ( ! sol> leg5d4 ,v prom95t 9 ?is sy/em is ! god-man ,prome!us4 ,! "n is synonym\s ) ,logos1 :i* is us$ 9 ! f\r? ,gospel 9 ref]5ce to ,jesus1 & signifies a demi-deity2 & ,prome!us means ,provid5ce1 & is repres5t$ by ! all-see+ ,eye4 ,we select him r ?an o!r notable imp]sonations1 = ! purpose ( ref]r+ to ! wond]ful ,greek drama writt5 by s*ylus 7,prome!us ,b\nd71 :i* 0 act$ 9 ! !atre ( ,a!ns at lea/ five hundr$ ye>s be=e ! ,*ri/ian era4 ,! plot 0 d]iv$ f mat]ial ev5 !n ( great antiquity1 & conta9s all ! ess5tial features ( ! mod]n 8,passion ,play0 s beautifully portray$ ^u canvas 9 our *ur*es & eloqu5tly describ$ by our m9i/]s ( ! pres5t day4 ,no au?or ev] display$ great] p[]s ( poetry 9 support+ ?r\gh ?is ,prome!an play ! augu/ "* ( ?is div9e suff]]4 ,we give a few l9es f ,pott]'s translation43 8,i w speak1 ,n z upbraid+ !m1 b my own gifts ,comm5d+4 ',twas ,i :o br\ght sweet hope ,to inhabit 9 _! he>ts2 ,i br\ght ,! fire ( heav5 to animate _! clay1 ,& ?r\gh ! cl\ds ( b>b>\s ignorance ,diffus$ ! beams ( k4 ,9 a ^w1 ,prome!us taught ea* useful art to man40 ,he 0 call$ ^u to expla9 h[ 8 goodness c\ld h br\ght ^u him su* extreme suff]+1 & he says3 8,see :at1 a god1 ,i suff] f ! gods6 ,= m]cy to mank9d ,i am n deem$ ,wor?y ( m]cy2 b 9 ?is unc\? ,appo9tm5t am fix$ "h1 ,a spectacle di%onorable to ,jove6 ,on ! ?rone ( heav5 sc>ce 0 he seat$1 ,on ! p[]s ( heav5 ,he %[]$ 8 v>i\s b5efits1 !reby ,confirm+ 8 sov]eignty2 b = unhappy mortals ,_h no reg>d1 b all ! pres5t race ,will$ to extirpate & to =m anew4 ,none save myself oppos$ 8 w4 ,i d>$1 ,&1 boldly plead+1 sav$ !m f de/ruction-- ,sav$ !m f s9k+ to ! realm ( night2 ,= :i* (lnce ,i b[ b5ea? ^! pa9s1 ,dreadful to suff]1 pite\s to behold60 ,none rema9$ to be witnesses ( 8 dy+ agony b ! *orus ( ev]-fai?ful wom51 :o bewail$ & lam5t$ him4 ,! e>? trembl$ & ! :ole frame ( nature 0 convuls$1 & ! curta9 fell on ! sublime/ sc5e ev] pres5t$ to human sight--a dy+ god6 ,! pret]natural d>kness 0 exhibit$ on ! /age1 & ! mo/ agoniz+ & he>tfelt sorr[ manife/$ by ! weep+ audi5ce4 ,x 0 ! 8,passion ,play40 ,let x be kept 9 m9d t all ( ! incid5ts ( ! ,gospels h be5 act$ 9 ! !atres or illu/rat$ 9 ! sacr$ rites & religi\s c]emonies ( pagan peoples f "t immemorial4 ,are n ! ,gospels a plagi>iz$ & adapt$ drama8 ,we close ?is *apt] ) a fur!r quotation f ,mr4 ,johnson3 8,i am n ass]t+ t all ?is 0 pure fiction--t no "o /ood :]e m5 imag9$ !y saw a ,god on e>?4 ,b ,i d recognize ! extreme difficulty ( satisfy+ a free & s9c]e m9d z to h[ mu* or h[ little did #8happ51' & ! extreme h>dihood ( ass]t+ at ?is day t !re 0 any?+ 9 ! p]son or life ( ,jesus to ve/ 9 him ! claim to be ! endur+ def9itive c5tre ( religi\s ?\ght & association "u any "n or title :atsoev]4 ,nei!r ! "* ( ! records nor ! mann] ( _! orig9ation au?orizes t po/ulate ( p]fection ?r\gh :i* alone su* claim c\ld ve/ 9 any be+4 ,! v5]ation ( ages = 8 "n des]ves respect z ! satisfaction ( a natural dem& dur+ a c]ta9 /age ( human progress4 ,b x does n prove him an exception to ! law t ! wor%ip ( p]sonages mu/ give way to ! wor%ip ( pr9ciples--! c5trality ( an individual to ! c5trality ( ideas--! div9ity or #8lord%ip' ( a man to ! deity ( ! inf9itely wise & good4 ,x illu/rates t law4 ,*ri/ism 9 due "t passes1 l poly!ism1 & a l>g] fai? succe$s4 ,?us ! !ory refutes itself4 8,! ,*ri/ian idealization dem&s t all imp]fections 9 ! ,new-,te/am5t ,jesus %all be ascrib$ to ! misappreh5sions ( ! disciples & ! ignorance ( ! biograph]s4 ,x is confid5t t ,jesus mu/ h be5 great] ?an ! record %[s4 ,b we d n "k t he 0 ev5 s great z ! record %[s4 ,we are confid5tly told t su* an ideal z c be !re disc]n$ presupposes its actual--t no man c\ld h drawn su* a "* except f life4 #8,su* a gr& figure is n hewn out ( air4' ,b x is q possible to c>ry ?is k9d ( div9ation too f>4 8,if a man c\ld be t1 :y c\ld n a man or an age conceive t x ought to be8 ,all t c fairly be assum$ is1 t !re mu/ h be5 an impressive life 7or lives7 beh9d all ! con/ruction2 & ?is is n d5i$4 ,b ! necessities ( ! religi\s life 9 t "t produc$ ,jesus4 ,:y c\ld !y n magnify _! own product & improve ^u x ideally z !y develop$ into new & l>g] dem&s8 ,if we are to insi/ t ! idealiz+ faculty _c g beyond actuality1 no mean+ w be left to ! ^w ideal1 & no su* faculty w rema94 ,?is is ! irony to :i* ! old belief comes4444 8,a pure & simple wor%ip ( ! ,inf9ite & ,et]nal is ! necessity ( philosophy2 x is ! goal ( sci5ce2 x is ! true gr\nd ( tru/ & pray] & love1 ( philosophic ,!ism & spiritual ,pan!ism alike2 x is ! p>5t ( prophets1 ( my/ics1 ( re=m]s1 ( all true build]s ( man's social unity & religi\s communion40 ,no reasonable man c d\bt t ! ,*ri/ ( ,paul & ! ,gospels is l>gely1 if n altoge!r1 ideal2 & 9 ! succe$+ *apt] we proce$ to give m specifically our reasons = ?9k+ s4 ,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,,jesus ,,& ,,o!r ,,*ri/s 8,come n[1 let u reason toge!r40--,isa4 #a3ah4 8,let me reason ! case ) !e40--,j]4 #ab3 #a4 ,,t !re %\ld be held s _m diff]5t views conc]n+ ! "* & "w ( ,*ri/ is itself a v sugge/ive circum/ance4 ,x implies t ! evid5ce 9 ! case is n direct & cle>1 & t !re are gr\nds = d\bt & unc]ta9ty4 ,t hone/1 well-mean+ m5 %\ld be left 9 d\bt reg>d+ ! mo/ wond]ful ev5t 9 hi/ory1 involv+ _! salvation1 is /ill m a/\nd+4 ,"o w\ld suppose t if s wond]ful an ev5t z ! inc>nation ( ,god _h tak5 place x w\ld h be5 made s manife/ t ! mo/ skeptical c\ld n d\bt x4 ,!re seems to h be5 great neglect or indiff]5ce reg>d+ ! matt]4 ,contemporane\s hi/ory takes no notice ( ,jesus1 & ! biographies t we h ( him _c be %[n to h _h an exi/5ce until ne>ly two c5turies aft] he is said to h made 8 adv5t2 & ,paul1 :o _h writt5 conc]n+ him be=e ^! ,gospels 7 compil$1 0 s ambigu\s t ! mo/ le>n$ !ologians diff] z to :e!r he reg>d$ ! ,*ri/ z an actual p]son or m]ely an imp]sonation4 ,! e>ly records ( ! life ( ,*ri/1 if any exi/$1 seem to h be5 de/roy$ or lo/1 & !re are no orig9al docum5ts nor au!nticat$ copies ( su* records4 ,!re c be no true fai?1 no g5u9e intellig5t belief1 )\t evid5ce2 & :]e is ! evid5ce8 ,to believe )\t "s reason = believ+ is bl9d cr$ulity4 ,! mo/ intellig5t ,*ri/ian writ]s d n ev5 pret5d to h any docum5ts relat+ to ! exi/5ce ( ,jesus t by any /ra9 ( language c be call$ evid5ce4 ,ne&]1 an em95t ,*ri/ian writ]1 au?or ( a ,life ( ,*ri/1 ackn[l$ges 9 s _m words 8 pa9ful consci\sness ( ! utt] lack ( hi/oric evid5ce 9 reg>d to him1 8 acts1 & wond]ful p]=mances4 ,he dem&s1 z an imp]ative necessity1 to be p]mitt$ at ! beg9n+ to take ! mo/ important matt]s = grant$4 ,he asks3 8,:at1 !n1 is ! special presupposition ) :i* we mu/ approa* ! life ( ,*ri/8 ,x is1 9 a ^w1 ! belief t ,jesus ,*ri/ is ! ,son ( ,god 9 a s5se t _c be pr$icat$ ( any human be+1 ! tru? t ,*ri/ is ,god-man be+ presuppos$40 ,ne&]1 by mak+ ?is confession1 surr5d]s ! :ole "q4 ,!re is no direct evid5ce ( ! exi/5ce ( su* a p]son z ,jesus ( ,naz>e?1 & all fair-m9d$1 intellig5t ,*ri/ian writ]s admit x4 ,:at is call$ evid5ce is f\nd only 9 ! %ort sket*es ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 :i* h be5 %[n to be no evid5ce at all4 ,we might re/ ! case "h4 ,x is admitt$ t x _c be prov$ t ,jesus exi/$1 & :5 we und]take to %[ to ! contr>y we und]take to prove a negative--a ?+ :i* is nev] requir$ 9 a c\rt ( ju/ice4 ,yet we d und]take x1 & rev]5tly invite ! read] to imp>tially consid] ! po9ts 9 our case4 ,!re is 9 ! biography ( ,jesus an utt] want ( orig9ality4 ,x is a copy ( o!r lives4 ,x is a significant fact t all ! pr9cipal claims made = ,jesus ( ,naz>e? _h be5 made = o!rs long be=e him4 ,we c only m5tion a few4 ,! bir? ( ,buddha1 l ! bir? ( ,jesus1 0 ann\nc$ 9 ! heav5s by an a/]ism on ! horizon :i* is s+ul>ly call$ ! 8,messianic />40 ,:5 ,*ri%na 0 born 8 /> 0 po9t$ out by ,n>$1 a great a/ronom]4 ,! bir? ( e ,ea/ ,indian avat> 0 ann\nc$ by cele/ial signs4 ,ev5 ! ,jews h simil> traditions reg>d+ ,moses & ,abraham4 ,canon ,f>r> admits 9 8 ,life ( ,*ri/ t ! ,greeks & ,romans always held ?is idea ( ! bir? & dea? ( great m5 be+ presag$ by my/]i\s />s1 & ,tacitus affirms ?is reg>d+ ! de?ronem5t ( ,n]o4 ,all c&id !ologians admit t ?is doctr9e ( ! ann\ncem5t ( ! bir? ( extraord9>y p]sons by ! appe>ance ( />s 0 a univ]sal belief among anci5t peoples4 ,luke is ! only evangeli/ :o records ! fact t ! bir? ( ,jesus 0 att5d$ ) ! songs ( angels f ! heav5ly _w1 & !re is good reason = believ+ t ?is pr(ess$ compil] drew 8 in=mation f ! apocryphal ,gospel call$ 8,protevangelion40 ,b !re is no?+ novel 9 ?is idea1 = ! same ?+ _h long be=e be5 record$ ( ,*ri%na at 8 bir?1 t 8! qu>t]s ( ! horizon 7 irradiate ) joy10444 t 8! spirits & nymphs ( heav5 danc$ & sang1 & at midnight ! cl\ds emitt$ l[ pleas+ s\nds & p\r$ d[n ra9 ( fl[]s40 ,x is only necess>y "h to /ate t simil> demon/rations are alleg$ to h att5d$ ! adv5t ( o!r ,h9doo saviors1 & also ( ,confucius1 ( ,osiris1 ( ,apollonius1 ( ,apollo1 ( ,h]cules1 & ( ,esculapius4 ,x is c]ta9ly v s+ul> t all ! circum/ances connect$ ) ! bir? ( ,jesus are record$ ( sev]al o!r p]sons long be=e4 ,*ri%na 0 cradl$ among %eph]ds1 to :om 8 bir? 0 fir/ ann\nc$1 & ! prophet ,n>$ visit$ 8 fa!r & "m & decl>$ ! *ild to be ( div9e desc5t4 ,an ag$ h]mit nam$ ,asita1 l ,simeon ( our ,gospels1 visit$ ! infant ,buddha & pr$ict$ wond]ful ?+s ( 8 life & mission1 & wept because he 0 too old to see ! day4 ,n only 0 ! infant ,*ri%na ador$ by ! %eph]ds & magi1 b 0 pres5t$ ) 8gifts ( s&al-wood & p]fume10 v l 8frank9c5se & myrrh20 & he 0 also pres5t$ ) gifts ( 8co/ly jewels & preci\s sub/ances10 v l 8gold40 ,sub/antially ! same ?+s are record$ ( ,mi?ras1 ! ,p]sian savior1 ( ,socrates1 & _m ( ! ,grecian & ,roman demigods4 ,x mu/ suffice x to say t ^! incid5ts are too num]\s & circum/antial to be m]e co9cid5ces4 ,k+ ,kansa 0 jeal\s ( ! infant ,*ri%na1 & ord]$ a g5]al slaught] ( ! infants "u a c]ta9 age & 9 a c]ta9 di/rict1 j z ,h]od is falsely *>g$ ) hav+ done :5 ,jesus 0 born2 & z ,joseph & ,m>y 7 w>n$ 9 a dream to flee into ,egypt to save ! "y *ild's life1 s ! fo/]-fa!r ( ,*ri%na 0 w>n$ ( dang] by a 8heav5ly voice10 & he 0 tak5 to ,ma?ura2 & ,canon ,f>r>1 speak+ ( ! soj\rn ( ,joseph1 ,m>y1 & ! infant ,jesus 9 ,egypt1 writes3 8,anci5t leg5ds say t !y rema9$ two ye>s abs5t f ,pale/9e1 & liv$ at ,mat>ieh1 a few miles nor!a/ ( ,cairo40 ,?is seems to be ! same leg5d1 b ! "o reg>d+ ,*ri%na is sculptur$ ^u ! rocks & temples ( ,india1 :ile contempor>y hi/ory makes no m5tion ( ! slaught] ( ! innoc5ts by ,h]od2 & fur!r emb>rassm5t arises f ! fact t ,h]od 0 n k+ at t "t1 z ! tax+ "u ,quir9us did n take place "u ! reign ( ,h]od1 he hav+ be5 dead = sev]al ye>s4 ,x w\ld be easy to pres5t m ?an a score ( in/ances 9 :i* p]sons :o came to be reg>d$ z demigods & h]oes _h be5 oblig$ to flee f ! wra? ( ! reign+ mon>* at _! bir?1 z is record$ ( ! infant ,jesus4 ,9 all c5turies ( old5 times ! reign+ mon>* has g5]ally be5 jeal\s ( "s my/]i\s *ild1 ^: p>5ts or c>etak]s 7 oblig$ to hide him away 9 "s safe resort4 ,! long fa/ & temptation ( ,jesus 9 ! wild]ness1 f\nd 9 ! ,gospel 8accord+0 to ,mat!w1 h num]\s p>allels 9 ! exp]i5ce ( o!r ,messiahs1 ev5 9 m9or details4 ,! fa/ g5]ally1 z 9 ! case ( ,moses1 ! ,n9evites1 & ,jesus1 la/$ =ty days1 b t ( ,buddha cont9u$ =ty-sev5 days1 & 9 8 weakness & att5uation ( body he 0 tempt$ by ,m>a1 ! pr9ce ( evil1 :o promis$ him all ! k+doms ( ! e>?1 8univ]sal empire10 on c]ta9 conditions2 b1 l ,jesus1 he said1 8,avaunt6 get !e away f me60 ,aft] ! temptation & triumph bo? ,buddha & ,jesus 7 m9i/]$ unto by visit+ angels6 ,zoroa/]1 ! f\nd] ( ! ,p]sian religion1 _h a simil> exp]i5ce ) ! devil1 ( :i* !re are fully detail$ reports4 ,bo? ,*ri%na & ,jesus 7 precoci\s boys1 disput+ ) doctors & a/oni%+ _! tea*]s ) _! le>n+1 :i* _h n be5 acquir$ 9 ! usual way2 & bo? w&]$ away f _! p>5ts & became objects ( anxiety & se>* to anxi\s mo!rs4 ,bo? prea*$ a celebrat$ s]mon1 wr\ght num]\s & v simil> miracles1 7 hat$ & oppos$ by ! prie/s ( _! day1 & bo? suff]$ premature viol5t dea?s at ab\t ! same age1 & !n arose f ! dead4 ,^! p>allels might be giv5 to an indef9ite ext5t1 z !y appe> 9 ,asiatic ,rese>*es1 by ,sir ,william ,jones2 ,upham's ,hi/ory & ,doctr9e ( ,buddhism2 ,h>dy's ,manual ( ,buddhism2 num]\s o!r anci5t & mod]n writ+s on ?is subject2 & ! p>allel facts pres5t$ by ^! au?orities are admitt$ by ! mo/ di/+ui%$ ,*ri/ian writ]s n a few4 ,9 reg>d to miracles x is ?\ght be/ to say only a pass+ ^w4 ,x is admitt$ by ! able/ !ologians ( ! or?odox s*ools t miracles are indisp5sable to e/abli% ! claim ( a special sup]natural revelation1 & great reliance is made ^u ! miracles accr$it$ to ! ,*ri/ian ,*ri/2 & yet we f9d o!r saviors & h]oes cr$it$ n only ) ! same miracles sub/antially1 b ) a l>g] numb] ( ev5 m wond]ful miracles4 ,x w\ld be easy to fill a l>ge volume ) ! alleg$ miracles ( ,buddha & ,*ri%na1 & ,pr(4 ,max ,mll] affirms t ! ,buddhi/ic miracles 8surpass 9 wond]fulness ! miracles ( all o!r religions40 ,zoroa/]1 ,buddha1 ,osiris1 ,isis1 & ,horus all wr\ght miracles1 ev5 ! rais+ ( ! dead2 ,s]apis1 ,m>duk1 ,bac*us1 ,esculapius1 & ,apollonius did ! same2 & ! e>ly ,*ri/ian ,fa!rs admitt$ ! reality ( hea!n miracles1 b v conv5i5tly attribut$ !m to ! devil4 ,9 %ort1 x may safely be affirm$ t m wond]ful & bett]-au!nticat$ acc\nts ( miracles are giv5 ( num]\s o!r p]sons1 bo? be=e & aft] ! adv5t ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ri/1 ?an are giv5 ( 8 miracles 9 ! ,gospels4 ,! ,greeks 7 accu/om$ to say1 8,miracles = fools10 & ! ,romans %rewdly said1 8,! common p l to be deceiv$--deceiv$ let !m be20 & ev5 ! ,*ri/ian ,fa!r ,/4 ,*ryso/om decl>$ t 8miracles are prop] only to excite sluggi% & vulg> m9ds2 m5 ( s5se h no occasion = !m40 ,! mod]n !ological idea ( prov+ ! record by ! miracle1 & ! miracle by ! record1 has become too transp>5t = ev5 ! mo/ cr$ul\s4 ,!re is also great confusion ab\t ! "t ( ! bir? ( ,jesus1 ?\gh ! ,*ur* 9 a sort ( p]functory mann] settl$ ?is by say+ he 0 born ,decemb] #be1 ,a4 ,d4 ,"o4 ,b ! ,*ur* adopt$ ?is date = reasons ( an a/ronomical "*4 ,m ?an "o hundr$ diff]5t dates1 "s ext5d+ back ne>ly a c5tury1 h be5 fix$ z to 8 bir?1 %[+ t no "o knew any?+ ab\t x4 ,a blund]+ notice ( 8 bir? assigns its date to ! p]iod :5 ,cyr5ius 0 gov]nor ( ,syria1 & makes ! enrolm5t ord]$ by t (ficial ! occasion ( ,joseph's tempor>y soj\rn at ,be?lehem :5 t ev5t took place4 ,?is enrolm5t1 h[ev]1 0 n made till aft] ! displacem5t ( ,ar*elaus f ! k+dom ( ,judea & "s t5 ye>s or m aft] ! dea? ( ,h]od1 & ! /ory is accord+ly 9 direct contradiction ) ! acc\nt ( ! flight ( ,joseph into ,egypt1 :ile ,h]od 0 /ill alive1 to pres]ve ! life ( 8 son f t mon>*'s jeal\sy4 ,b :at is v significant is ! fact t :5 ,cyr5ius comm&$ ! enrolm5t ,judas ( ,galilee arose & d5\nc$ x4 ,he e/abli%$ a di/9ct sect :i* cont9u$ till ! ov]?r[ ( ! ,jewi% p4 ,josephus says3 8,:5 ,cyr5ius _h n[ dispos$ ( ,ar*elaus's money1 & :5 ! tax+s 7 come to a conclusion1 :i* 7 made 9 ! ?irty-sev5? ye> ( ,caes>'s victory ov] ,antony at ,actium10 ,antiq4 xviii4 #b4 ,! battle ( ,actium1 9 :i* ,octavianus ga9$ 8 f9al victory ov] ,antony1 occurr$ 9 b4 c4 #ca4 ,c\nt+ ?irty-sev5 ye>s1 w\ld br+ ! date ( ! tax+s d[n to ,a4 d4 #f4 ,ar*elaus aft] reign+ t5 ye>s 0 depos$ = misconduct1 & bani%$ into ,gaul4 ,cyr5ius1 a ,roman s5ator1 _h be5 s5t by ! gov]nm5t to settle up 8 f9ances & take an acc\nt ( ! sub/ance ( ! ,jews1 or1 9 o!r words1 to assess _! prop]ty 9 ord] to apportion _! taxes4 ,^! ?+s 7 done 9 ! ?irty-sev5? ye> aft] ! battle ( ,actium1 or 9 #f ,a4 d4 ,c\nt+ t5 ye>s back1 we w\ld be at ! ye> #d b4 c41 or ! ye> ,ar*elaus began to reign4 ,z ,h]od ( c\rse 0 dead be=e ,ar*elaus asc5d$ ! ?rone1 he consequ5tly di$ be=e ,*ri/ 0 born1 & h5ce ! entire /ory ( ! slay+ ( ! infants1 ! j\rney ( ! wise m51 & ! flight into ,egypt falls helplessly to ! gr\nd4 8,b :5 he he>d t ,ar*elaus did reign 9 ,judea1 9 ! room ( 8 fa!r ,h]od1 he 0 afraid to g ?i!r3 not)/&+1 be+ w>n$ ( ,god 9 a dream1 he turn$ aside into ! p>ts ( ,galilee40 ,matt4 #b3bb4 ,"h we h a /range /ate ( affairs4 ,joseph & ! "y *ild turn$ f ,judea to ,galilee :5 ,ar*elaus 0 z p[]ful 9 ! "o c\ntry z 9 ! o!r1 = 8 e?n>*y includ$ bo?6 ,9 read+ ! fir/ *apt] ( ,mat!w's ,gospel we f9d an inexplicable my/]y4 ,! v fir/ v]se reads3 8,! book ( ! g5]ation ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 ! son ( ,david1 ! son ( ,abraham40 ,!n 9 ! sixte5? v]se x is said1 8,& ,jacob begat ,joseph1 ! husb& ( ,m>y1 ( :om 0 born ,jesus :o is call$ ,*ri/40 ,9 ! eighte5?1 n9ete5?1 & tw5tie? v]ses ! ,holy ,gho/ is repres5t$ z ! real ,fa!r ( ,jesus by a virg92 & 8 miracul\s div9e desc5t is else:]e specifically taught 9 ! ,gospels1 & ! div9e ,son%ip ( ,jesus has be5 accept$ z a fact by ! g5]al ,*ur*--,roman ,ca?olic1 ,greek1 & ,prote/ant4 ,on ! o!r h&1 !re is pro( positive1 if ! record is accept$1 t ,jesus claim$ = himself simple humanity1 & consequ5t inf]iority & subjection to ,god2 & ,roman ,ca?olics & or?odox ,prote/ants v conv5i5tly settle ^! contradictions by affirm+ t he 0 bo? ,god & man2 :ile ,unit>ians reject ! div9ity ( ,jesus1 & by way ( apology = s do+ magnify 8 manhood s z to make him q div9e1 a human god4 ,x w\ld be easy to fill volumes ) acc\nts1 ) v slight v>iations1 ( ! miracul\s conception & bir? ( div9e p]sonages born ( virg9 mo!rs1 :o1 aft] labor+ & suff]+ = ! good ( m51 came to a tragic dea?1 :i* 0 g5]ally foll[$ by a triumphant resurrection & subsequ5t deification4 ,! cases are s num]\s t "o h>dly kn[s :]e to beg9 to enum]ate !m4 ,x w\ld be easy to furni% a roll conta9+ ! names ( scores ( inc>nate deities1 & x w\ld be t$i\s to describe ! _m ?+s 9 :i* !y sub/antially agree4 ,accord+ to "s mod]n writ]s1 support$ by abundant sculptures 9 temples1 caves1 & rocks1 ,vi%nu1 ! second p]son ( ! ,h9doo tr9ity1 has be5 inc>nat$ eight or n9e times1 ,buddha be+ ! fir/1 ,*ri%na ! eigh?1 & ,gautama1 also call$ ,sakya-,muni1 ! n9?4 ,! fact t ^! alleg$ inc>nations took place at uni=m int]vals %[ _! a/ronomical orig94 ,equally sugge/ive is ! fact t !re are s _m peculi>ities connect$ ) ! bir? ( ^! gods1 & also s _m incid5ts 9 _! lives & dea?s absolutely id5tical4 ,! "n ( ! "m ( ,buddha 0 ,maia & ! same "n 0 giv5 to ! "m ( ! ,greek ,m]cury & ev5 to lat] div9ities2 :i*1 l ! "n ,m>y1 typifies ! sea & sometimes ! mon? ( ,may4 ,buddha _h no e>?ly fa!r1 b 0 an immaculate conception ( a ray ( cele/ial light ?r\gh a virg9 "m4 ,*ri%na1 ! eigh? ,indian inc>nation1 0 born ( ! left int]co/al rib ( a virg94 ,8 bir? 0 conceal$ ?r\gh fe> ( ! tyrant ,kansa4 ,he rais$ ! dead & wr\ght m>vell\s miracles1 & wa%$ ! feet ( ! ,brahmans4 ,x w\ld be t$i\s to give details1 z almo/ e incid5t record$ 9 ! ,gospels ( ! life ( ! alleg$ ,*ri/ian inc>nation is record$ 9 circum/antial detail ( "s anci5t pagan deity4 ,! fact is1 t all ! great nations ( antiquity1 & _m ( ! small] tribes1 h _h v simil> views z to div9e manife/ations 9 human fle%2 & y ne$ only turn to ! pages ( any good diction>y ( my?ology to v]ify ! tru? ( ?is allegation4 ,we might ext5d ^! analogies to an indef9ite ext5t4 ,! au?or ( ,bible ,my?s has specifi$ ab\t fifty p>ticul>s 9 :i* ,jesus is said to h resembl$ ,buddha1 & z _m m p>ticul>s 9 ! case ( ,*ri%na4 ,nobody hav+ any k ( ! _w's hi/ory w d\bt t ^! ,indian div9ities prec$$ ! ,judean ,*ri/ by sev]al c5turies1 z _m di/+ui%$ writ]s1 l ,pr(4 ,max ,mll]1 h admitt$4 ,we *all5ge ! !ologians to pres5t "o s+le prom95t feature or *>act]i/ic said to h be5 %[n 9 ! c>e] ( ,jesus :i* did n appe> 9 sev]al o!r alleg$ inc>nations hundr$s ( ye>s be=e4 ,! fact is1 t ! ,*ri/ ( mod]n times is a p]fect copy ( o!r ,*ri/s :o prec$$ him4 ,n only are all anci5t ,ori5tal scriptures full ( inc>nat$ div9e saviors1 b ! same symbols & c]emonies ab\nd 9 _! wor%ip4 ,take ! cross1 = an example4 ,9 anci5t ,india ! cross 0 z common z 9 mod]n ,rome1 & hea!n temples 7 built 9 ! =m ( a cross c5turies be=e papi/s & ,puseyites & _! lib]al imitators ev] ?\ght ( su* a ?+4 ,x 0 a common symbol 9 ! anci5t wor%ip ( ,egypt4 ,x 0 a ,druidic emblem 9 ,brita9 five hundr$ ye>s be=e ! introduction ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,plato1 ! ,grecian philosoph]1 f\r hundr$ or five hundr$ ye>s be=e ,*ri/ proclaim$ ! cross to be ! be/ symbol ( ! div9ity next to ! supreme4 ,! wor%ipp]s ( ,s]apis us$ x1 & ,hadrian1 ! ,roman emp]or1 z late z ,a4 d4 #acj mi/ook !m = ,*ri/ians4 ,! /&>d portrait ( ,jesus1 s honor$ by mod]n ,*ri/ians1 is a copy ( ! head ( ,s]apis1 ! well-kn[n sun-god1 accord+ to ! te/imony ( ,mr4 ,k+ 9 8 able "w1 ,gno/ics & _! ,rema9s 7p4 #fh74 ,! same is true ( baptism & ! ,eu*>i/1 z c]emonies id5tical ) ^!1 9 _! ma9 aspects1 exi/$ among ! anci5t pagans4 ,! 8,"l's ,supp]0 virtually 0 9 use m ?an two hundr$ & fifty ye>s be=e ,*ri/4 ,:]ev] ,*ri/ian mission>ies h gone !y h f\nd sub/antially ! same dogmas & religi\s obs]vances1 & ,t]tullian1 a ,*ri/ian ,fa!r ( ! second c5tury1 conv5i5tly expla9$ ?is fact by say+ t ! devil _h taught ! hea!n ^! same ?+s to =e/all ! prea*+ ( ! mission>ies4 ,& yet ,ju/9 ,m>tyr 9 ! second c5tury 7a4 d4 #adj71 9 def5d+ ! ,*ri/ian religion aga9/ ! assaults ( pagans1 said3 8,= decl>+ t ! ,logos1 ! fir/-begott5 ,son ( ,god1 our ,ma/] ,jesus ,*ri/1 to be born ( a virg9 )\t any human mixture1 & to be crucifi$ & dead & to h aris5 aga9 into heav51 we say no m 9 ?is ?an :at y say ( ^? :om y /yle ! sons ( ,jove40 ,"h is a di/9ct admission 9 ! second c5tury1 f "o 9 high au?ority1 t ! doctr9e ( ! dea? & resurrection ( miracul\sly-inc>nat$ deities born ( virg9 mo!rs 0 well kn[n among pagans be=e ! ,*ri/ian era4 ,b we are n done ) ,ju/9 ,m>tyr yet4 ,9 8 ,apology to ! emp]or ,hadrian he makes ?is mo/ a/oni%+ admission3 8,9 say+ t all ?+s 7 made 9 ?is beautiful ord] by ,god1 :at d we seem to say m ?an ,plato8 ,:5 we tea* a g5]al conflagration1 :at d we tea* m ?an ! ,/oics8 ,by oppos+ ! wor%ip ( ! works ( m5's h&s we concur ) ,m5&] ! com$ian4444 ,= y ne$ n be told :at a p>cel ( sons ! writ]s mo/ 9 vogue among y assign to ,jove2 !re's ,m]cury1 ,jove's int]pret]1 9 imitation ( ! ,logos1 9 wor%ip among y4 ,!re's sculapius1 ! physician1 smitt5 by a ?und]bolt1 & aft] t asc5d+ into heav54 ,!re's ,bac*us1 torn to pieces2 & ,h]cules1 burnt to get rid ( 8 pa9s4 ,!re's ,pollux & ,ca/or1 ! sons ( ,jove by ,l$a1 & ,p]seus by ,dan2 &1 n to m5tion o!rs1 ,i w\ld fa9 "k :y y always deify ! dep>t$ emp]ors1 & h a fell[ at h& to make affidavit t he saw ,cs> m\nt to heav5 f ! fun]al pile8 8,z to ! ,son ( ,god1 call$ ,jesus1 %\ld we all[ him to be no?+ m ?an man1 yet ! title ( ! ,son ( ,god is v ju/ifiable1 ^u ! acc\nt ( 8 wisdom1 consid]+ t y h y\r ,m]cury 9 wor%ip "u ! title ( ! ,^w & ,mess5g] ( ,god4 8,z to ! objection ( our ,jesus be+ crucifi$1 ,i say t suff]+ 0 common to all ! =em5tion$ sons ( ,jove1 b only !y suff]$ ano!r k9d ( dea?4 ,z to 8 be+ born ( a virg91 y h y\r ,p]seus to balance t4 ,z to 8 cur+ ! lame & ! p>alytic & su* z 7 cripples f bir?1 ?is is little m ?an :at y say ( y\r sculapius40 ,/4 ,augu/9e says3 8,= ! ?+ itself :i* is n[ call$ ! ,*ri/ian religion really 0 kn[n to ! anci5ts1 nor 0 n want+ at any "t f ! beg9n+ ( ! human race until ! "t :5 ,*ri/ came 9 ! fle%1 f :5ce ! true religion :i* _h previ\sly exi/$ began to be call$ ,*ri/ian2 & ?is 9 our day is ! ,*ri/ian religion1 n z hav+ be5 want+ 9 =m] times1 b z hav+ 9 lat] times receiv$ ?is "n40 ,a fell[ & tutor 9 ,tr9ity ,college & lectur] on anci5t hi/ory 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,dubl9 7,mr4 ,mahaffy7 closes "o ( 8 lectures 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 8,!re is1 inde$1 h>dly a great or fruitful idea 9 ! ,jewi% or ,*ri/ian sy/em :i* has n its analogy 9 ! 7anci5t7 ,egyptian fai?4 ,! developm5t ( ! "o ,god into a tr9ity2 ! inc>nation ( ! m$iat+ deity 9 a virg91 & )\t a fa!r2 8 conflict & 8 mom5t>y defeat by ! p[]s ( d>kness2 8 p>tial victory 7= ! enemy is n de/roy$72 8 resurrection & reign ov] an et]nal k+dom ) 8 ju/ifi$ sa9ts2 8 di/9ction f1 & yet id5tity )1 ! uncreate incompreh5sible ,fa!r1 ^: =m is unkn[n & :o dwelle? n 9 temples made ) h&s1--all ^! !ological conceptions p]vade ! olde/ religion ( ,egypt4 ,s1 too1 ! contra/ & ev5 ! app>5t inconsi/5cies betwe5 our moral & !ological beliefs--! vacillat+ attribution ( s9 & guilt p>tly to moral weakness1 p>tly to ! int]f]5ce ( evil spirits1 & likewise ( righte\sness to moral wor?1 & aga9 to help ( good g5ii or angels2 ! immortality ( ! s\l & its f9al judgm5t1--all ^! ?+s h met u 9 ! ,egyptian ritual & moral treatises4 ,s1 too1 ! purely human side ( morals & ! catalogue ( virtues & vices are by natural consequ5ces z l z are ! !ological sy/ems4 ,b ,i recoil f op5+ ?is great subject n[2 x is en\gh to h lift$ ! veil & %[n ! sc5e ( _m a future conte/40 ,inde$1 ! able/ ( ! ,*ri/ian ,fa!rs nev] claim$ t ,*ri/ianity 0 a new religion rec5tly & specially reveal$ by ,jesus1 b made _m admissions q to ! contr>y4 ,cl>ke 9 8 ,evid5ces says t ! mo/ anci5t writ]s ( ! ,*ur* did n scruple to ackn[l$ge ! ,a!nian ,socrates a ,*ri/ian4 ,clem5s ,alex&r9us1 ( ! second c5tury 7a4 d4 #aid71 wrote3 8,& ^? :o liv$ accord+ to ! ,logos 7 really ,*ri/ians t is to say1 ^? :o practically accept$ ! ,greek conception ( a div9e inc>nation 7 really ,*ri/ians40 ,& :y n1 = is n ,john's ,gospel an elaboration ( ! ,neo-,platonism ( ! ,greeks8 & is n ! :ole ,*ri/ian s*eme an +5i\s comb9ation ( ,judaism & ,ori5tal philosophy8 ,lactantius well said3 8,if !re _h be5 "o to h collect$ ! tru? t 0 scatt]$ & diffus$ among ! sects into "o1 & to h r$uc$ x into a sy/em1 !re w\ld inde$ h be5 no diff]5ce betwe5 him & u40 ,c\ld any?+ be m emphatic ?an ?is admission ( a ,*ri/ian ,fa!r ( ! f\r? c5tury t ,*ri/ianity is made up ( fragm5ts ( o!r religions8 ,a volume might be fill$ ) simil> admissions f ! highe/ ,*ri/ian au?ority1 = x w\ld be easy to %[ t x 0 ! ma9 argum5t ( ,ju/9 ,m>tyr 7a4 d4 #ada7 t ! ,*ri/ian religion conta9$ no?+ t might n be f\nd 9 all e>li] religions1 & t !re=e its vot>ies des]v$ tol]ation & protection r ?an p]secution4 ,comp>e ! foll[+1 furni%$ by ,mr4 ,johnson1 ) ! tea*+s ( ,jesus3 8,:5 y h %ut y\r doors & d>k5$ y\r room1 bew>e ( say+ t y are alone1 = y are n alone1 = ,god is )91 & y\r g5ius is )91 & :at ne$ h !y ( light to see :at y are do+80 7,epictet41 i4 #ad72 8,d>e look up to ,god1 & say1 #8,use me z ?\ wilt4 ,i am "o ) !e4 ,i refuse no?+ t seems good to !e4 ,lead me :i!r ?\ wilt'0 7ii4 #af72 8,be n angry ) ! err+1 b pity !m r0 7i4 #ah72 8,be pati5t1 mild1 ready to =give1 sev]e to none1 kn[+ t ! s\l is nev] will+ly depriv$ ( tru?0 7ii4 #bb72 8,no ne$ to lift up ! h&s or get close to ! e>s ( an image1 s z to be he>d4 ,god is ne> !e1 ) !e1 9 !e4 ,i tell !e1 ,lucilius1 a holy _s dwells )9 u1 behold] ( our conduct0 7,s5eca1 ,ep41 xli472 8,betwe5 ,god & good m5 is fri5d%ip1 yea1 necess>y intimacy0 7,de ,prov41 i4 #e72 8,:at use 9 concealm5t f m58 ,no?+ is hid f ,god0 7,ep41 lxxxiii4 #a72 8,god escapes ! eyes2 he is se5 by ?\ght only0 7,nat4 ,que/41 vii4 #cj72 8,no temples are to be built to him4 ,he mu/ be hall[$ by ea* 9 8 own brea/0 7,s5eca1 quot$ by ,lactantius1 ,ind41 vi4 #be72 8,man's primal union is ) ,god0 7,cic]o1 ,de ,leg41 i4 #g72 8,virtue is ! same 9 ,god & man2 man !re=e is 9 ! lik5ess ( ,god0 7ibid474 ,we c\ld multiply ^! quotations indef9itely1 b we =be>4 ,! fact _c be d5i$ t ,*ri/ianity is b ! cont9uation & modification ( ! old pagan religions1 & t ,egypt has to be l>gely cr$it$ ) supply+ a great portion ( ! subject-matt] ( our s-call$ 8special revelation40 ,we c\ld take up ! sun-gods ( ,egypt & %[ t all ! titles & (fices ascrib$ to !m are giv5 to ,jesus1 & t (t5 ! v language is us$4 8,out ( ,egypt h ,i call$ my ,son0 is emphatically true1 b 9 a broad] & wid] s5se ?an is g5]ally suppos$4 ,?is w be m cle>ly %[n h]eaft]4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,a ,,rev]5t ,,critique ,,on ,,jesus ,,we say 8rev]5t0 out ( pure reg>d to ! feel+s ( multitudes ( dev\t p]sons :o v]ily believe t ,jesus 0 & is ,god1 & s any criticism ( him is simply blasphem\s4 ,?is subject is n to be treat$ 9 a light or frivol\s mann]4 ,we say 8rev]5t0 also out ( respect to a small] numb] ( s-call$ lib]als :o d5y ! div9ity ( ,*ri/1 b :o nev]!less believe t ,jesus 0 ! "o pre-em95tly good & wise man1 & t no man equal to him ev] exi/$ or ev] w exi/ ^u ! face ( ?is e>?2 t he 0 ! special ,son ( ,god1 ! model man1 wor?y ( wor%ip z ! man :o possess$ s mu* ( ! div9e _s z to entitle him to ! place ( honor & grateful remembrance among m5 = all "t & 9 all c\ntries4 ,we ?9k x m hone/ & respectful to rev]5tly inquire into ! evid5ces ( 8 div9e "*1 & n to accept ) bl9d cr$ulity :at o!r m5 say4 ,we are end[$ ) reason1 & x seems to u prop] t we %\ld ex]cise our rational faculties1 & n ignore !m altoge!r4 ,hone/ d\bt mu/ be m acceptable to him1 if he is ,god1 ?an unreason+ fai?4 ,n[1 we propose to look at him 9 ! light ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 & especially ( ! ,gospels1 assum+ !m to be au!ntic4 ,we %all "h pass by 8 infancy & *ildhood 7utt]ly ignor+ ! d\btful & controv]t$ passages conc]n+ 8 immaculate conception & miracul\s bir?71 & take ! fir/ direct acc\nt we h ( 8 life4 ,?is comm5ces :5 he 0 ab\t twelve ye>s ( age4 ,we are told t he accompani$ 8 "m & putative fa!r to ,j]usalem1 :i!r !y w5t to att5d ! fea/ ( ! ,passov]4 ,luke /ates t he /ray$ away f 8 p>5ts1 :o 7 greatly conc]n$ = 8 safety1 b he 0 at l5g? f\nd 9 ! temple among ! doctors ask+ & answ]+ wond]ful que/ions1 s z to a/oni% all :o he>d him ) 8 wond]ful k4 ,8 "m g5tly reprov$ him = giv+ !m s mu* anxiety1 & he answ]$ back1 r impati5tly1 8,h[ is x t ye s\ght me8 ,wi/ ye n t ,i mu/ be ab\t my ,fa!r's bus9ess8 ,b he w5t home ) 8 p>5ts & 0 subject to !m1 & = at lea/ eighte5 ye>s dwelt ) !m & 8 bro!rs ,james1 ,joses1 ,judas1 & ,simon4 ,! names ( 8 sev]al si/]s are n giv54 ,dur+ ^! eighte5 ye>s he is suppos$ to h le>n$ ! trade ( a c>p5t] & work$ ) 8 reput$ fa!r1 :o 0 a c>p5t]1 sp5d+ ! mo/ vigor\s portion ( 8 life 9 manual labor1 only devot+ ab\t ?ree ye>s to 8 mission z ! ,messiah4 ,n[1 ,jesus is held up z an 8example10 & we are 8to foll[ 8 /eps10 & x does n appe> t !re 0 any?+ 9 8 example specially wor?y ( imitation = ab\t ?irty ye>s4 ,we mu/ f9d x 9 ! la/ ye>s ( 8 e>?ly c>e] if we f9d x at all4 ,! fir/ in/ance 9 :i* ! evangeli/s br+ ,jesus =w>d z a moral tea*] is 9 ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt4 ,?is disc\rse is suppos$ by ,*ri/ians to be ! ma/]piece ( wisdom & deep spiritual insight4 ,:ile ,mat!w gives x z a complete disc\rse1 ,m>k & ,luke int]sp]se ! sub/ance ( ! s]mon ?r\gh\t _! ,gospels2 :i* is /rong presumptive pro( t x 0 n deliv]$ z a connect$ disc\rse4 ,l ! book ( ,prov]bs1 x seems to be a collection ( ! moral say+s ( =m] times1 _m ( :i* c be po9t$ out1 ) slight v]bal alt]ations1 9 ! writ+s ( pagan au?ors & ( m mod]n ,jews ( ! ,hillel s*ool4 ,9 fact1 !re is no?+ 9 ! s]mon :i* _h n be5 taught by _m o!rs a long "t be=e1 :ile !re is mu* t is absurd & impracticable1 n to say untrue & unju/4 ,ev5 ! deep spirituality involv$ 9 recogniz+ ! _s & int5t ( ! law c be p>allel$ by sev]al passages 9 ,buddhi/ic scriptures4 ,! s-call$ 8,gold5 ,rule0 0 ann\nc$ by ,confucius z an axiom ne>ly five c5turies be=e ! ,*ri/ian era1 bo? 9 its positive & its negative =m1 :ile ! same maxim is laid d[n 9 mo/ *oice & beautiful language by ,isocrates1 ,ari/otle1 ,sextus1 ,pittacus1 ,?ales1 & _m o!rs f ?ree to six c5turies be=e ,*ri/4 ,! same is true ( ! ,"l's ,pray]1 ?\gh x is (t5 ass]t$ t ,jesus fir/ taught ! 8,fa!rhood ( ,god & ! bro!rhood ( man40 ,?is is n true4 ,! 8,"l's ,pray]0 is f\nd 9 ! anci5t ,jewi% rituals1 & is entitl$ a 8,pray] to ! ,fa!r10 & ! expression 8,our ,fa!r :o art 9 heav50 is common to _m1 if n all1 nations & religions4 ,:ile !re are sev]al ?+s 9 ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt truly beautiful1 !re is no?+ t is /rictly orig9al2 !re are _m say+s :i* %[ a great lack ( k1 & t are positively impracticable & immoral 9 _! t5d5cy4 ,no ,*ri/ian tries to keep ^! say+s4 ,x w\ld lead to vagabondism & w\ld conv]t a nation into a cr[d ( tramps4 ,x w\ld be positively immoral to obey !m4 ,if ,jesus did n int5d t 8 tea*+s %\ld be tak5 accord+ to ! common s5se ( ! words us$1 :y did he n say s8 ,:at is language = b to express "o's mean+8 ,s f> f tea*+ ! non-resi/ance ( evil1 9 o!r places he runs into ! extreme ( tea*+ rev5ge4 7,see ,luke #aj3aj-ab2 ,matt4 #aj3ad1 #ae2 ,m>k #f3aa47 ,he also sanctions ! mo/ gross inju/ice4 ,he comm5ds ! unju/ /ew>d 7,luke #af3e-h71 say+ t he _h 8done wisely0 9 *eat+ 8 employ] by comp\nd+ ) 8 cr$itors1 & advises 8 he>]s to make 8fri5ds0 ( ! 8mammon ( unrighte\sness40 ,moreov]1 :oev] is famili> ) ! tea*+s ascrib$ to ,jesus mu/ "k t 8 fir/ condition ( disciple%ip is ! total surr5d] ( all worldly possessions & ! non-accumulation ( e>?ly treasures !reaft] 7,matt4 #af3 #bd2 ,luke #ad3 #bf1 #bg2 ,matt4 #ai1 etc474 ,c words be m emphatic ?an ! utt]ances ( ,jesus report$ 9 ,matt4 #f3ai-cd8--8,lay n up = y\rselves treasures ^u e>?1 :]e mo? & ru/ do? corrupt1 & :]e ?ieves break ?r\gh & /eal40444 8,= :]e y\r treasure is1 !re w y\r he>t be also40444 8,ye _c s]ve ,god & mammon40444 8,!re=e ,i say unto y1 ,take no ?\ght = y\r life1 :at ye %all eat or :at ye %all dr9k1 nor yet = y\r body1 :at ye %all put on40 ,?is absolute unconc]n ab\t food & raim5t is emphasiz$ by repeat+ ! injunction twice3 8,!re=e take no ?\ght1 say+1 ,:at %all we eat8 or1 ,:at %all we dr9k8 or1 ,:]e)al %all we be clo!d80444 8,take !re=e no ?\ght = ! morr[1 = ! morr[ %all take ?\ght = ! ?+s ( itself40 ,! attempts ( !ologians to modify ^! precepts are mo/ prepo/]\s4 ,!y tell u t ,jesus meant to disc\rage anxi\s ?\ght ab\t worldly possessions & wants--t he int5d$ to condemn undue anxiety & worrim5t ( m9d2 & !y ev5 ass]t t ! orig9al ^w implies & ju/ifies ?is r5d]+4 ,to ?is x may be repli$1 ,we _c be c]ta9 z to :at p>ticul> words ,jesus us$1 z we h no manuscripts ( ! ,gospels dat+ back to )9 f\r hundr$ ye>s ( 8 "t1 & ! alleg$ copies t we h are n au!nticat$2 s t an argum5t1 ev5 if ju/ifi$ by le>n$ criticism1 bas$ ^u ! impli$ mean+ ( p>ticul> words is useless1 unless we are sure1 z we _c be1 t ,jesus us$ ^? v words1 & t he int5d$ t 8 disciples & o!r unle>n$ & uncritical he>]s %\ld accept ! impli$ r ?an ! obvi\s mean+4 ,b1 tak+ ! words 9 ! ,greek manuscripts ( ! ,gospels n[ mo/ approv$ by s*ol>s1 we d5y t !re is any?+ 9 !m to ju/ify ! int]polation ( ! ^w 8anxi\s0 betwe5 ! words 8no0 & 8?\ght40 ,!re is ! highe/ classical au?ority = ! ass]tion t ! v]b employ$ "h simply means to 8c>e10 8to be c>eful10 8to he$10 & is s translat$ 9 o!r portions ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 z1 = examples1 9 #a ,cor4 #g3 #cb1 #cc1 #cd2 ,phil4 #d3f2 #a ,pet4 #e3g2 & 9 _m o!r passages4 ,:5 ,paul exhort$ ! ,philippians to be 8c>eful = no?+10 because ! ,"l 0 ab\t to appe> 9 judgm5t1 he obvi\sly meant t x 0 n wor? :ile to make any provision = future bodily wants4 ,x is a univ]sally-admitt$ pr9ciple ( critical int]pretation t ! mean+ ( words 9 any giv5 text mu/ be det]m9$ f ! context1 ! connection 9 :i* ! ^w occurs4 ,x s happ5s t ,jesus has illu/rat$ 8 doctr9e 9 ?is connection s z to make x impossible to d\bt z to ! mean+ ( ! words employ$3 8,behold ! f[ls ( ! air1 = !y s[ n1 nei!r d !y reap1 nor ga!r into b>ns2 yet y\r heav5ly ,fa!r fe$e? !m4 ,are n ye mu* bett] ?an !y80444 8,& :y take ye ?\ght = raim5t8 ,consid] ! lilies ( ! field1 h[ !y gr[2 !y toil n1 nei!r d !y sp91 & ,i say unto y t ,solomon 9 all 8 glory 0 n array$ l "o ( ^!40 ,! use ( ! illative ^w1 8:]e=e1 if ,god s clo! ! grass10 & ! ^w 8!re=e take no ?\ght10 %[ beyond d\bt t ,jesus int5d$ to tea*1 & did tea*1 t 8 disciples 7 to be z indiff]5t to matt]s ( food & clo?+ z are ! birds ( ! air & ! fl[]s ( ! field4 ,n only did he use words t sanction ! utmo/ improvid5ce 9 reg>d to future bodily wants1 b he gave ! s5se 9 :i* 8 words 7 to be receiv$ by ref]r+ !m to ! well-kn[n unconc]n ( ! birds & lilies4 ,b x may be fur!r %[n :at ,jesus meant to tea* by ref]5ce to 8 own life & ! lives ( 8 fir/ foll[]s4 ,!re is little or no evid5ce 9 ! ,gospels or else:]e t ,jesus or 8 fir/ disciples ev] possess$ any e>?ly goods :atev]1 or t !y ev] engag$ 9 any ( ! useful or weal?-produc+ avocations ( ! c\ntry 9 :i* !y liv$4 ,mat!w speaks ( ,jesus z ! son ( a c>p5t]1 & ,m>k calls him 8! c>p5t]1 ! son ( ,m>y40 ,! f]vid imag9ations ( mod]n writ]s h depict$ ,jesus z an appr5tice to 8 fa!r & labor+ at ! c>p5t]'s trade1 b !re is no evid5ce t he ev] pu%$ a plane or drove a nail4 ,!re is no reason to believe t he ev] erect$ a h\se = o!rs1 & x is c]ta9 t he nev] built a h\se = himself1 = he has told u t 8! foxes h holes & ! birds ( ! air h ne/s1 b ! ,son ( man has n :]e to lay 8 head40 ,!re is n 9 any ( ! ,gospels "o s+le ^w accr$it$ to ,jesus 9 favor ( indu/rial pursuits1 n "o syllable to ju/ify ! accumulation ( prop]ty1 or any =e?\ght :atev] = sickness1 = helpless infancy1 or tott]+ age4 ,:5 ,jesus s5t out 8 disciples he expressly =bade !m to make any provision = food or raim5t4 ,he said1 8,provide nei!r gold or silv] nor brass 9 y\r purses1 nor scrip = y\r j\rney1 nei!r two coats1 nei!r %oes1 nor yet /aves1 = ! workman is wor?y ( 8 meat40 ,!y 7 to ?r[ !mselves ^u ! *>ities ( ! _w1 accept su* ?+s z 7 giv5 !m1 & to manife/ ! utmo/ indiff]5ce to worldly com=ts4 ,!re is no evid5ce t any ( ! foll[]s ( ,jesus :o li/5$ to 8 p]sonal in/ructions ev] engag$ 9 any worldly avocation1 except to cat* a mess ( fi% :5 driv5 by hung] to d s4 ,!y liv$ f 8h& to m\?10 & if !y _h liv$ 9 our day !y w\ld1 e "o ( !m1 h be5 d5om9at$ 8tramps10 & w\ld h be5 am5able to our mod]n laws ( vagrancy4 ',tis true1 !re seems to h be5 "s sort ( c>e ab\t future possible wants1 b only on ! communi/ic pr9ciple4 ,!y _h a treasur] 9 ! p]son ( ,judas ,isc>iot1 b no individual possessions 7 all[$4 ,we are told 7,acts #d3 #bf7 reg>d+ e>ly ,*ri/ians1 8,nei!r 0 !re any among !m t lack$2 = z _m z 7 possessors ( l&s or h\ses sold !m & br\ght ! prices ( ! ?+s t 7 sold1 & laid !m d[n at ! apo/les' feet1 & di/ribution 0 made unto e man accord+ z he _h ne$40 ,9 ,acts #b3dd1 #de ! facts are also fully set =?3 8,& all t believ$ 7 toge!r & _h all ?+s common1 & sold _! possessions & goods1 & p>t$ !m to all m5 z e man _h ne$40 ,:atev] 0 all[$ z a community1 x is c]ta9 t no individual 0 all[$ to accumulate or reta9 prop]ty on 8 own p]sonal acc\nt4 ,9 p]fect consi/5cy ) ! view "h pres5t$ ,jesus taught t ! possession ( ri*es 0 almo/ sure to deb> "o f heav5--t :ile x might be possible = a ri* man to be sav$1 because all ?+s are possible ) ,god1 nev]!less x is 8easi] = a camel to g ?r\gh ! eye ( a ne$le ?an = a ri* man to ent] into heav540 ,ri*es 7 always d5\nc$ by ,jesus1 & pov]ty eulogiz$ z if x 7 a virtue 9 itself1 comm5d+ "o to ! favor ( ,god & greatly increas+ 8 prospects = ! heav5ly inh]itance4 ,if ! triple te/imony ( ! synoptical ,gospels am\nts to any?+1 x %[s beyond a d\bt t ,jesus w\ld accept no man z a disciple :o cont9u$ 9 ! possession ( worldly prop]ty1 or :o accumulat$ e>?ly ri*es1 or :o all[$ himself to ?9k ( ! future necess>ies ( life1 ev5 food & clo?+4 ,at ! same "t1 ! mo/ promiscu\s & pr(use almsgiv+ 0 enjo9$3 8,sell all t ?\ ha/ & give unto ! poor10 0 ! lit]al injunction4 8,give to him t aske? !e1 & f him t w\ld borr[ ( !e turn n ?\ away40 ,besides ?is1 he requir$ absolute non-resi/ance3 8,b ,i say unto y t ye resi/ n evil1 b :osoev] %all smite !e on ?y "r *eek turn to him ! o!r also 8,& :osoev] %all compel !e to g a mile1 g ) him twa9 8,& if any man w sue !e at ! law & take away ?y coat1 let him h ?y cloak also40 ,?is is ev5 m ?an non-resi/ance2 x is a rew>d = unpr9cipl$ m5 to impose ^u y4 ,x w\ld be impossible to /ate ! pr9ciple ( absolute non-resi/ance 9 /rong] language4 ,b mod]n comm5tators tell u t ,jesus did n int5d to be s und]/ood--t he m]ely int5d$ to condemn ! _s ( /rife & retaliation4 ,:y1 !n1 did he n say s8 ,:i* %all we accept--:at ,jesus pla9ly & repeat$ly said1 or :at comm5tators say he meant8 ,:at are we to say ab\t ! doctr9e ( bodily mutilation taught 9 ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt 7,matt4 #e3 #bi1 #cj78 ,!ologians ( to-day tell u t ^! words are to be tak5 9 a metaphorical s5se--t to secure salvation we mu/ sacrifice e passion t w\ld lead u into s91 ?\gh x might be z de> z a "r h&1 foot1 or eye4 ,! reason assign$ by ,jesus = en=c+ ?is precept _c be reconcil$ ) ! assumption t x 0 int5d$ to be figurative3 8,= x is pr(itable = !e t "o ( ?y memb]s %\ld p]i%1 & n t ?y :ole body %\ld be ca/ into hell40 ,if by memb]s ( ! body ,jesus meant pr9ciples or passions t might tempt & entrap "o into evil1 we mu/ *>ge ^u ! precept ! absurdity t x w\ld be bett] to ent] into heav5 ) "o evil pr9ciple or passion ?an to be ca/ into hell ) _m evil pr9ciples & passions6 ,! lit]al int]pretation is favor$ by ! fact t 9 anci5t times bodily mutilation 0 recogniz$ 9 religi\s matt]s4 ,9 ,matt4 #ai3ab1 ,jesus is report$ to h said1 8,& !re be eunu*s1 :i* h made !mselves eunu*s = ! k+dom ( heav5's sake4 ,he t is able to receive x1 let him receive x40 ,if ?is is n a sanction ( bodily mutilation1 :at c x mean8 ,t x 0 und]/ood lit]ally by _m e>ly ,*ri/ians _c be d5i$4 ,! ascetics ( ! second c5tury practis$ ! mo/ extreme lit]al mortification ( ! fle%1 & ev5 9 ! middle ( ! ?ird c5tury ,orig51 "o ( ! mo/ le>n$ ( ! ,*ri/ian ,fa!rs1 de/roy$ 8 own manhood by bodily mutilation z an act ( piety4 ,mu* curi\s matt] ^u ?is subject may be f\nd 9 ,mo%eim's ,ecclesia/ical ,hi/ory1 page #caj1 & also ,gibbon's ,decl9e & ,fall1 *ap4 xv4 & notes4 ,! faire/ & mo/ reasonable way to asc]ta9 :at ,jesus taught is to /udy 8 own life1 & !n to foll[ 8 example4 ,x w be some:at />tl+ to _m :5 we ann\nce ! proposition t ! religion ( ! ,*ri/ian ,gospels is mona/ic & ascetic 9 ! extreme1 & t ,jesus himself 0 an ascetic1 & t he requir$ 8 disciples to become su*4 ,"o ?+ is c]ta93 ,no man c /udy ! "* ( ,jesus & 8 tea*+s1 8 own life & ! c>e] ( 8 imm$iate disciples1 )\t admitt+ ! monki% "* ( _! religion4 ,x 0 emphatically ! religion ( sorr[1 ! religion n only ( anti-naturalism1 b ( unnaturalism4 ,x virtually said3 8,:atev] is natural is wrong2 :atev] y desire is wrong4 ,to d :at is pa9ful is "r1 :ile to d :at y want to d is c]ta9 ru94 ,life mu/ be "o incessant wail ( suff]+ if x is to be foll[$ ) et]nal bless$ness4 ,! body is ! enemy ( ! s\l1 & ! _w ! enemy ( ,god4 ,worldly prosp]ity is a curse 9 disguise1 :ile pov]ty & want & p]secution & suff]+ ( all k9ds are indications ( ! div9e favor40 7,see ,secret ( ! ,ea/1 by ,dr4 ,felix ,l4 ,oswald47 ,at ! v comm5cem5t ( 8 public c>e] ,jesus =m$ an alliance ) t h>die/ ( an*orites kn[n z ,john ! ,bapti/1 & 9 all ! ,gospels ! close relation%ip betwe5 ! missions ( ,john & ,jesus is con/antly recogniz$4 ,x is a tradition ( ! e>ly ,*ur* t ,jesus 0 nev] kn[n to smile1 & !re is an implication 9 ! ,gospels t 8 face 0 prematurely old4 ,he recomm5d$ a life ( religi\s m5dicancy & volunt>y pov]ty z absolutely necess>y = admission to 8 k+dom4 ,b !re 0 sc>ce any?+ 9 ! tea*+s ( ,jesus t _h n be5 insi/$ ^u = hundr$s ( ye>s be=e by ! monks ( ,india1 ,egypt1 & o!r c\ntries4 ,x is impossible to g into details1 b no man ( read+ w d5y ?is allegation4 ,l ! anci5t monks1 ,jesus practis$ long fa/+s & ab/a9$ f fle% meats1 ?\gh he ate fi% & vegetables4 ,he nei!r possess$ nor s\ght to acquire any worldly prop]ty4 ,:ile go+ ab\t ! /reets & ! sea%ore tea*+ by day1 he g5]ally resort$1 l anci5t monks1 to ! m\nta9s & wild]ness at night1 & 8 pr9cipal religi\s devotions 7 p]=m$ 9 ! d>kness ( midnight4 ,he ab/a9$ f m>riage1 & _h b little reg>d = ! dome/ic relations4 ,asceticism 0 ! di/+ui%+ *>act]i/ic ( ! e>ly ,*ur*1 & ! doctr9e ( ! community ( goods 0 practically receiv$ by ! ,*ur* = two hundr$ ye>s1 & is s receiv$ by _m to-day4 ,s f> f practically condemn+ ! lit]al tea*+s ( ,jesus z we f9d !m 9 ! ,gospels1 we take ! gr\nd t !y 7 j :at might h be5 expect$ f "o hold+ ! doctr9e t ! _w 0 ab\t to be de/roy$ & a new k+dom e/abli%$ ^u ! reg5]at$ e>?1 ( :i* he 0 to be ! k+ & 8 disciples ! pr9ces4 ,if !re 0 any?+ def9ite 9 ! tea*+s ( ,jesus1 x 0 ! spe$y com+ ( ! end ( ! _w4 ,c>efully /udy ! tw5ty-f\r? *apt] ( ,mat!w1 ! ?irte5? ( ,m>k1 & ! tw5ty-fir/ ( ,luke if y h any d\bts ^u ?is subject4 ,! attempt ( !ologians to make x appe> t ,jesus only ref]r$ to ! de/ruction ( ,j]usalem is mo/ absurd4 ,x virtually *>ges ,jesus ) ! inconsi/5cy ( giv+ in=mation ^u "o subject :5 8 disciples desir$ in=mation ^u ano!r4 ,!y ask$ him = signs t %\ld prec$e ! de/ruction ( ! _w1 & he di/9ctly affirm$1 8,?is g5]ation %all n pass away till all ^! ?+s are fulfill$20 8,!re be "s /&+ "h t %all n ta/e dea? till !y see ! ,son ( man com+ 9 8 k+dom0 7,matt4 #af3bh74 ,! doctr9e ( ! almo/ imm$iate end ( all mundane ?+s z !y !n exi/$ is ! only key to unlock :at seems s absurd 9 ! tea*+s ( ,jesus4 ,if he believ$ :at he taught z to ! spe$y end ( ! _w1 x 0 p]fectly consi/5t = him to condemn ! hold+ or accumulat+ ( prop]ty1 & to comm5d ! mo/ indiscrim9ate almsgiv+1 ! mo/ absolute non-resi/ance1 ) bodily mortification & mutilation1 & a life ( unworldl9ess & practical m5dicancy & pov]ty4 ,jesus & 8 disciples taught & act$ j z m5 w\ld tea* & act if !y believ$ t ! end ( ! _w 0 at h&4 ,8 disciples s und]/ood him4 ,9 ! ye> #ifj ,a4 d4 !re 0 9 ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* a revival ( ?is doctr9e1 & ! spe$y end ( ! _w & ! second com+ ( ,jesus 7 proclaim$ ) great e>ne/ness4 ,! cl]gy z a class adopt$ x1 & enc\rag$ p to give away _! possessions4 ,a univ]sal panic prevail$2 all bus9ess 0 susp5d$2 m5 ab&on$ _! families1 & multitudes und]took a pilgrimage to ,pale/9e to meet _! return+ ,"l4 ,x is h>dly necess>y to m5tion ! craze ( 8,mill]ism0 9 #ahdc 9 ?is c\ntry1 :5 _m1 9 p]fect consi/5cy ) _! belief1 gave up _! possessions & prep>$ _! 8asc5sion robes10 & wait$ anxi\sly = ! end4 ,if ! cl]gy ( all d5om9ations %\ld n[ unite 9 proclaim+ j :at ,jesus pr$ict$ conc]n+ ! end ( ! _w1 j 9 proportion z p s9c]ely believ$ ! message !y w\ld at once lit]ally accept ! tea*+s ( ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt1 & act accord+ly4 ,?is leads u to ! inevitable conclusion t mu* ( :at ,jesus taught c only be und]/ood & ju/ifi$ by 8 p>ticul> view & repres5tation ( ! almo/ imm$iate end ( all e>?ly ?+s2 & ?is und]/&+ ( ! subject is mu* m cr$itable to ,jesus z a tea*] ?an ! assumption t he fail$ to make himself und]/ood1 & t he did n mean :at he said1 ?\gh bo? he & 8 disciples practically 9 _! lives exemplifi$ ! unworldl9ess & asceticism t he prea*$4 ,we submit z a key to ! enigmas ( ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt & o!r h>d say+s attribut$ to ,jesus t he & 8 disciples believ$ & taught t ?is _w 0 ab\t to be made new1 t ! !n pres5t ord] 0 ab\t to t]m9ate1 & t !re=e e>?ly possessions & pursuits 7 ( no consequ5ce1 & ev5 ! dome/ic relations 7 ( little acc\nt4 ,t ! tea*+s & examples ( ,jesus 79 _m respects7 _c be accept$ by ! p ( ! n9ete5? c5tury )\t a complete ov]?r[ ( exi/+ in/itutions & =ms ( civilization is a self-evid5t fact4 ,we mu/ ab&on all indu/rial pursuits1 *ange all our views ( ! rights ( prop]ty1 adopt ! communi/ic pr9ciple & policy1 & lead l[ly lives ( self-d5ial & bodily mortification & discom=t4 ,we repeat t ! tea*+s & example ( ,jesus 7 natural & rational f 8 conviction ( ! approa*+ end ( all ?+s4 ,x w\ld be easy to po9t out _m o!r ?+s 9 ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt equally defective & (f5sive to reason & common s5se1 b we =be>4 ,we h dwelt ^u ?is celebrat$ s]mon at su* l5g? because x is held up z a model ( moral tea*+4 ,we pron\nce x a v inf]ior compilation ( ?+s good & bad1 n at all correspond+ ) prop] ideas ( practical morality1 & n adapt$ to ! pres5t necessities ( civilization4 ,:at is said ( ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt may be said ( _m portions ( ! alleg$ tea*+s ( ,jesus4 ,we m5tion only a few in/ances4 ,! p>able ( ! ,unju/ ,/ew>d ju/ifies a worldly cunn+ & a decid$ly di%one/ act 7,luke #af3e-h74 ,jesus comm5ds him1 say+ t 8he _h done wisely0 9 *eat+ 8 pr9cipal1 & advises 8 disciples to 8make to !m fri5ds ( ! mammon ( unrighte\sness40 ,a m grossly di%one/ act c\ld n h be5 committ$ by a p]son act+ 9 a fiduci>y capacity4 ,to foll[ 8 example w\ld ov]?r[ all bus9ess integrity & lead to univ]sal knav]y4 ,9 ! p>able ( ! ,unju/ ,judge he gives a v l[ & an?ropomorphic view ( ,god & ! efficacy ( pray]4 ,x is ?is3 ,a c]ta9 woman w5t to a judge = a c]ta9 favor1 & he w\ld n grant h] reque/4 ,%e p]si/$1 & f9ally he said1 8,?\gh ,i fe> n ,god nor reg>d man1 yet because ?is wid[ tr\ble? me ,i w av5ge h]1 le/ by h] cont9ual com+ %e we>y me40 ,!n ! lesson taught3 8,& %all n ,god av5ge 8 own elect :i* cry unto him day & night1 ?\gh he be> long ) !m80 ,?is c]ta9ly tea*es t if "o teases & worries ,god long en\gh1 he w answ] ! pray] )\t reg>d to ! rightfulness ( ! petition4 ,dr4 ,adam ,cl>k says 9 8 ,comm5t>y t ! expression 8%e we>y me0 is a metaphor tak5 f box]s1 8:o bruise ea* o!r ab\t ! face1 black5 ! eyes60 ,we =be> to rem>k on ?is blasphem\s doctr9e4 ,we pass on )\t specify+ ! manife/ly unju/ pr9ciples laid d[n 9 ! p>ables ( ! ,labor]s 9 ! ,v9ey>d1 ! ,t5 ,tal5ts1 ! ,great ,fea/1 & o!r p>ables1 ! mann] 9 :i* he treat$ ! woman ( ,canaan1 ! my/ification & evasions he us$1 leav+ h] 9 d\bt ) reg>d to 8 real mean+1 & ! _m in/ances 9 :i* he gave irrelevant answ]s & unfair & illogical conclusions4 ,8 tea*+s 7 notable = _! obscurity & ambiguity2 he tells u he did n desire to be und]/ood2 & no wond] t 8 mo/ tru/$ disciples wrangl$ ab\t 8 true mean+ & came to opposite conclusions4 ,8 own family did n believe 9 him1 & "s p]sons ?\ght him insane4 ,inde$1 8 my/]i\s & enigmatical /yle is s m>k$ t x sugge/s :e!r1 aft] all1 :at is said to h be5 spok5 by ,jesus 0 n ! utt]ances & traditions ( initiates 9 ! second ,*ri/ian c5tury8 ,! claim ( autocratic (ficial au?ority to =give & puni%1 to d5y be=e ,god ^? :o %\ld d5y him be=e m51 to d5\nce :ole cities = want ( fai? 9 him1 to come 9 ,god's "n to judge all mank9d1 to proclaim ev]la/+ puni%m5t & decl>e t "s %\ld nev] be =giv51 m>s ! beauty ( ,jesus' "*4 ,a real defici5cy 9 8 tea*+ 0 ! abs5ce ( any explicit decl>ation ( human bro!rhood4 ,x is a rem>kable feet t no cle> /atem5t ( ?is idea is record$ ( ,jesus4 ,b ! lack 0 suppli$ 9 a c]ta9 =m by ,paul1 ^: broad] e?nic exp]i5ce & m lib]al culture made him recognize ! dem& m fully1 & :o 0 !re=e b\nd to h x satisfi$ 9 8 religi\s ideal4 ,?is 0 easy1 s9ce he _h nev] se5 ,jesus1 & c\ld con/ruct 8 p]sonality z 8 own rev]5ce & s5se ( human ne$ might prompt4 ,! cle>e/ /atem5t ( human bro!rhood 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t is t ascrib$ to ,paul3 8,god ha? made ( "o blood all ! nations ( ! e>?40 ,yet ev5 9 ,paul's m9d x seems to h be5 condition$ on fai? 9 8 ,ma/]4 ,all 7 8memb]s ( "o ano!r1 :e!r ,jew or ,g5tile1 bond or free20 b x 0 only 9 s f> z !y 71 or 7 fit to be1 89 ! body ( ,*ri/40 ,cic]o & ,s5eca re/ human bro!rhood on broad] & deep] f\ndations4 8,all are memb]s ( "o great body10 says ,s5eca also2 b 9 :at s5se8 8,by ! con/itution ( nature1 :i* makes u k9dr$1 & m mis]able 9 do+ ?an 9 receiv+ an injury2 & by ^: sway our h&s are prep>$ = mutual help40 ,paul says1 8,9 ,*ri/ is nei!r bond nor free40 ,b ,s5eca says m broad-ly1 8,virtue invites all1 free-born1 slaves1 k+s1 exiles4 ,x asks no que/ions ab\t rank or weal?4 ,x is cont5t ) ! b>e man40 ,aga91 exhort+ ,n]o1 he says3 8,d n ask h[ mu* ( manumission is endurable1 b h[ mu* ! nature ( ju/ice & good w all[s y :i* bids y sp>e ev5 captives & p]sons b\ght ) a price4 ,let slaves f9d refuge be=e ! /atute2 if all ?+s are p]mitt$ y 7by cu/om & p[]7 aga9/ a slave1 !re is t :i* ! common law ( life =bids to be done to a man2 = ! slave is ( ! same nature z y\rself40 ,s ,cic]o says3 8,no o!r ?+s are s alike z we are to ea* o!r20 8,!re is no "o ( any nation :o _c rea* virtue by foll[+ ! light ( nature20 8,! f\ndation ( law is t nature has made u = ! love ( mank9d40 ,o!r te/imonies to l effect might easily be adduc$ f 8hea!n0 writ]s ( t age4 ,& ! lat] ,/oics d b e*o ! ?\ght ( _! pr$ecessors f ! days ( ,z5o & ,clean!s :5 !y reit]ate 9 ! broade/ t]ms ! belief t m5 are creat$ = ! v purpose ( mutual good4 ,& ,philo says3 8,we all are bro!rs by ! highe/ k9d ( k9dr$%ip1 z *ildr5 ( reason20 8,slav]y is impi\s1 z de/roy+ ! ord9ances ( nature1 :i* g5]at$ all equally & br\ght !m up z if bre?r51 n 9 "n only1 b 9 reality & tru?40 ,b ) ! apo/les ( ,*ri/ianity1 z probably ) ,jesus himself1 bro!rhood 0 insep>able f belief 9 8! ,*ri/40 ,b let u n ov]look ! facts t ! ,gospels attribute to ,jesus c]ta9 beliefs :i* our pres5t k positively contradicts1 & ev5 s5tim5ts & claims :i* ! highe/ morality _c approve4 ,= example1 take 8 belief 9 diabolic possession2 8 claim ( p[] to =give s9s & to judge mank9d ) 8 disciples on twelve ?rones2 8 d5unciation ( cities t %\ld n receive 8 mess5g]s2 8 (ficial retaliation 7,matt4 #aj3 #cc72 ! unp>donable s92 8 giv+ ,pet] ! keys ( ! k+dom ( heav51 & to 8 apo/les ! same p[]s2 ! second com+ ( ! ,son ( man1 ) de/ruction ( ! _w & ! com+ judgm5t day )9 t g5]ation2 condemn+ to endless puni%m5t ^? :o h n succor$ believ]s2 no salvation to ^? f\nd unrep5tant at 8 com+2 ! s9n+ bro!r :o w n he> ! ,*ur* to be treat$ z a hea!n2 8 sweep+ d5unciation ( ,ph>isees & ,scribes2 a p]sonal devil & an ev]la/+ hell2 p[] ov] deadly s]p5ts & ! tak+ ( poisons )\t injury2 ! work+ ( miracles by fai?1 ev5 to ! remov+ ( m\nta9s & te>+ up trees1 rais+ ! dead1 etc4 etc4 etc4 ,b n only are ! tea*+s ( ,jesus subject to criticism1 b 8 acts are equally s4 ,take = an example ! mann] 9 :i* he address$ 8 "m :5 f\nd disput+ ) ! doctors 9 ! temple1 b m p>ticul>ly he> 8 words to 8 "m at ! w$d+ 9 ,cana4 ,%e told him t ! w9e _h run out1 & he answ]$ 9 ! mo/ unc\? mann]1 8,woman1 :at h ,i to d ) !e80 ,t is to say1 ( :at conc]n 0 8 "m to him1 & :at _h he to d ) h] tr\ble ab\t ! w9e be+ out8 ,!n ! mak+ ( ! w9e1 ^u :i* ! p got drunk1 0 by no means wor?y ( imitation4 ,! quantity1 accord+ to "s div9es1 0 n less ?an two or ?ree hog%eads ( intoxicat+ dr9k1 en\gh to la/ ! balance ( ! week4 ,! gue/s 7 already drunk1 &1 ?\gh ! w9e 0 made out ( wat]1 x 0 nev]!less highly intoxicat+4 ,we might also m5tion 8 rude answ] :5 8 "m desir$ to speak to him 7,m>k #c3 #ba-ce74 ,at ! "t ( 8 triumphal entrance into ,j]usalem he took an 8ass & colt10 ! private prop]ty ( "s p]son1 )\t p]mission1 & ! by/&]s s und]/ood x4 ,he w5t imm$iately to ! temple & beat out ) a :ip all ! m]*ants 7:om he calls ?ieves71 all legitimate deal]s 9 animals & doves = religi\s sacrifice1 & viol5tly ov]?rew ! tables ( ! money-*ang]s1 ^: bus9ess seems also to h be5 legitimate4 ,?is act 0 a 8brea* ( ! peace10 & 9 any civiliz$ c\ntry w\ld h be5 foll[$ by arre/ & imprisonm5t4 ,x 0 n "r t he %\ld ass]t 8 au?ority by su* disord]ly conduct1 & t too ^u ! eve ( ! celebration ( a religi\s c]emony4 ,:5 wait$ on by a mo/ respectable deputation ( public m5 :o s]v$ (ficially 7,matt4 #bc3 #ba7 & inquir$ ( him 8by :at au?ority he did su* ?+s10 in/ead ( answ]+ !m frankly & mak+ kn[n to !m 8 mission1 he rais$ an irrelevant "q1 & because !y c\ld n tell :e!r 8,john's baptism 0 f e>? or heav510 he refus$ to give any apology or explanation ( 8 mo/ treasonable & viol5t actions4 ,he address$ ! ,scribes & ,ph>isees 9 ! mo/ extreme language1 call+ !m 8vip]s10 8bl9d guides10 8hypocrites10 8s]p5ts10 etc41 & us$ fulm9ations t 7 calculat$ to excite ! wor/ passions & ! mo/ atroci\s acts4 ,he told !m t !y 7 8:it$ sepul*res0 & 8fools40 ,:5 he 0 accept+ ! hospitalities ( a ,ph>isee 7,luke #aa3cg-ed7 he abus$ & d5\nc$ bo? ! ho/ & 8 gue/s4 ,he is said to h look$ on ! ,ph>isees 8) ang]10 ?us violat+ :at he taught4 ,8 unju/ifiable conduct t[>d ! 8b>r5 fig tree0 w n be ov]look$4 ,x 0 n ! season = figs2 he _h no "r to expect to f9d fruit on t tree1 yet he 8curs$0 x1 & "h aga9 de/roy$ private prop]ty )\t r5d]+ an equival5t4 ,s ) ! sw9e ( ! ,gad>5es4 ,?is /ory is *ildi% & wick$1 & 8 action result$ 9 ! de/ruction ( animals :i* mu/ h be5 valu$ at ab\t f\r ?\s& p\nds /]l+4 ,he 0 also *>geable ) dissimulation greatly at v>iance ) moral rectitude4 ,:5 8 bro!rs w\ld h him g to ,j]usalem to att5d ! fea/ ( tab]nacles he decl9$1 & advis$ !m to g )\t him4 ,b :5 !y _h gone1 8!n w5t up also to ! fea/1 z x 7 9 secret0 7,john #g3 #b-aj74 ,he c]ta9ly "h practis$ deceit4 ,:5 walk+ ) ! two disciples to ,emmaus he pret5d$ to be ano!r p]son1 & :5 !y arriv$ !re he 8made z ?\gh he w\ld g f>!r t is1 he pret5d$ :at he did n int5d4440 7,luke #bd3ac74 ,he practis$ ! utmo/ dissimulation 9 sev]al p>ticul>s 9 ! affair ( ,judas1 & c>ri$ x ev5 f>!r ?an ! traitor4 7,read & /udy ,matt4 #bf3 #df-ej & context47 ,we might pursue ?is subject indef9itely4 ,x is en\gh = our pres5t purpose to affirm t _m ( ! errors 9 natural philosophy1 physiology1 a/ronomy1 & o!r sci5ces t prevail$ 9 t day are impli$ or incorporat$ 9 ! ,gospels1 ) _m prevail+ sup]/itions1 & t !re are m mi/akes & a great] numb] ( contradictions 9 ! f\r ,gospels ?an 9 any o!r writ+s ( ! same l5g? n[ extant 9 any language4 ,!re is no "o subject ^u :i* s _m books h be5 writt5 z :at are call$ 8h>monies ( ! ,gospels40 ,!re are n[ m ?an "o hundr$ su* books extant1 besides ?\s&s t h gone out ( pr9t4 ,long ago z ! sev5te5? c5tury ,?omas ,munn ( ,london publi%$ su* a book1 on ! title-page ( :i* he /ates t he has reconcil$ ?ree ?\s& contradictions4 ,:at does all ?is imply8 ,has x ev] be5 f\nd necess>y to s reconcile ! writ+s ( ,plato1 ,socrates1 ,ari/otle1 ,newton1 or ,bacon8 ,c\ld n ,god make himself und]/ood8 ,x is an ackn[l$g$ fact among juri/e t ! discrepancies 9 ! f\r ,gospels w\ld de/roy ! cr$ibility ( any f\r witnesses 9 any intellig5t c\rt ( law4 ,we mu/ "h express our conviction t ! ,gospels1 :i* pr(ess to give ! life ( ,jesus1 are n orig9al1 g5u9e productions1 & x is "t to %[ h[ !y came into exi/5ce & 7 palm$ (f by ecclesia/ics z ! productions ( ^? ^: names !y be>4 ,ab\t ! "t ( ! bir? ( ,*ri/ianity almo/ e sy/em ( philosophy & religion c5tr$ at ,alex&ria 9 ,egypt4 ,! ,ess5es1 ?\gh scatt]$ ?r\gh\t all ! prov9ces ( ! ,roman empire1 _h _! head-qu>t]s at ,alex&ria1 :]e exi/$ a fl\ri%+ univ]sity4 ,to ?is c5tre ( le>n+ seek]s aft] tru? f all c\ntries ( ! globe f\nd _! way1 &1 comp>+ _! v>i\s sy/ems1 ! result 0 ! evolution ( ! ,eclectic philosophy1 made up ( :at 0 reg>d$ z ! be/ ( e kn[n fai?4 ,pale/9e & ,egypt 7 geographically contigu\s1 & ! comm]ce betwe5 !m 0 g5]al & con/ant ?r\gh ,alex&ria4 ,"h ! v>i\s sects ( ,judaism came into direct contact ) ,greek & ,ori5tal ?\ght & philosophy1 ) :i* !y _h be5 made q famili> dur+ _! captivity 9 ,babylon4 ,py?agorean1 ,platonic1 & ev5 ,zoroa/rian & ,buddhi/ic speculations 7 rife--7 9 ! v air ( ,alex&ria4 ,x is notori\s t 9 t city ,*ri/ian !ology assum$ a sy/ematic =m4 ,! fir/ & be/ ,*ri/ian manuscripts 7 ,alex&rian1 & s 7 ! fir/ bi%ops2 s says ,pr(4 ,calv9 ,e4 ,/[e4 ,x is impossible = any p>ty to escape entirely f ! influ5ce ( its surr\nd+s4 ,h[ c\ld a new sect eighte5 hundr$ ye>s ago escape ! influ5ces t dom9at$ ! v atmosph]e ( ,alex&ria8 ,*ri/ianity1 s call$1 did n escape ?is influ5ce1 b 9 a %ort "t took an eclectic =m made up ( ! !n exi/+ sy/ems ( fai? & philosophy1 s t we n[ f9d 9 x +r$i5ts tak5 f e kn[n sy/em ( religion & philosophy1 includ+ ,judaism1 ,platonism1 ,zoroa/rianism1 & ,buddhism4 ,mo%eim says ?is ,eclectic philosophy1 :i* 8*ose ! good & reject$ ! evil out ( e sy/em t _h be5 prop\nd$ to mank9d10 0 taught 9 ! univ]sity ( ,alex&ria :5 ,*ri/ianity came into exi/5ce4 ,a v int]e/+ "q arises 9 ?is connection1 :i* few h paus$ to pond]--viz4 ,:at became ( ! sects ( ! ,ess5es & ,!rapeuti/s aft] ! comm5cem5t ( ! ,*ri/ian era8 ,t !y sudd5ly disappe>$ z sects is an hi/orical fact4 ,b :at became ( !m8 ,is !re any?+ m natural ?an to assume t !y became ! pione]s ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*1 &1 9 fact1 t x 0 ^! p to :om ! "n 8,*ri/ian0 0 fir/ giv5 at ,antio*8 ,! entire ,new-,te/am5t ,scriptures are full ( phrases & allusions :i* cle>ly %[ ! ,ess5ean admixture1 ( :i* _m examples might be quot$4 ,ev5 ,eusebius1 /yl$ ! 8,fa!r ( ecclesia/ical hi/ory10 )\t ^: writ+s little or no?+ is kn[n ( ! e>ly ,*ri/ian ,*ur*1 n only admits ! close resemblance betwe5 ?is sect & ,*ri/ianity1 b he ev5 claims t !y 7 ,*ri/ians4 ,a ?or\gh inve/igation ( ?is matt] drives "o to ! conclusion t our ,ca?olic ,*ri/ianity came f ,alex&ria--virtually f ! ,ess5ean monks :o fl\ri%$ be=e ! ,augu/an age1 & t _! writ+s are ! f\ndation ( our ,gospels1 re-edit$1 *ang$1 & int]polat$ to suit times & occasions4 ,ca?olicism is ! und\bt$ (f%oot ( ,egyptian monk]y1 z ,prote/antism is an (f%oot ( ,ca?olicism1 & improp]ly call$ a ,re=mation4 ,paul probably became a sort ( ,m>t9 ,lu!r1 & l$ ! great s*ism f ! ,ess5ean ,*ur*1 & x 0 !n f a c]ta9 "t call$ ,*ri/ian4 ,! f\r ,greek ,gospels ( our ,new ,te/am5t 7 made up at ,alex&ria f ,egyptian asceticism1 & consi/ l>gely ( a union ( ,neo-,platonism ) ,judaism1 & is full ( ! occult & my/ical s common 9 t p]iod4 ,!y 7 n writt5 by ,mat!w1 ,m>k1 ,luke1 & ,john1 z c be prov$1 & he :o is call$ ,jesus ( ,naz>e? 0 no?+ m ?an an ,ess5ean imp]sonation4 ,?is view is hone/ly held by ! writ]1 & did space p]mit he c\ld give _m p]t95t reasons = x4 ,inve/igation 9 ?is direction w\ld meet a ri* rew>d4 ,_m pi\s p]sons "h confront u1 & inquire reproa*fully1 8,:at is ! use ( de/roy+ ! fai? ( ! p 9 ! ,*ri/ian religion80 ,?is "q implies :at is n true1 z x is f>!/ possible f ! object ( ^! pap]s to ridicule or 9 any way to br+ religion into disrepute4 ,x is n only good pr9ciple1 b x is also good policy1 to always tell ! tru?4 ,:y %\ld we say1 ei!r directly or by implication1 t ,*ri/ianity is a sup]natural religion :5 we "k x to be ( human orig91 & c %[ j h[1 & :51 & :]e x grew out ( !n exi/+ cre$s & sy/ems ( philosophy8 ,is religion su* a %am t x c be/ be subs]v$ by falsehood & impo/ure8 ,we ?9k n4 ,& if we %\ld adopt ! ,jesui/ic maxims1 t 8! end ju/ifies ! means0 & t 8pi\s int5t hall[s deceit10 x is simply impossible 9 ?is inquisitive sci5tific age to keep up a deception1 h[ev] v5]able = age & sacr$ f association4 ,k is on ! increase1 & ! p w n = ev] we> b&ages ov] _! eyes1 &1 ?us hoodw9k$1 swall[ )\t "q :atev] is put into _! m\?s by ! disp5s]s ( !ologic twaddle & prie/ly pap4 ,reg>d+ ,*ri/ianity z a special div9e revelation rec5tly made1 x w n /& sci5tific & hi/oric exam9ation2 b reg>d+ x z ( human orig91 an evolution1 a product ( t age ( pessimism :i* result$ f ! disappo9tm5t ( ! ,jews z to _! national ,messiah1 & ! dis9tegration & com+ decad5ce & d[nfall ( ! ,roman empire1 c\pl$ ) ! proclamation ( ! spe$y de/ruction ( ! _w itself1 x is j :at might h be5 expect$--a religion ( pessimism1 ( sorr[1 ( unworldl9ess1 ( evil =ebod+s4 8,:5 ! devil got sick1 ! devil a monk w\ld be40 ,:5 ,*>les ,,iv4 ( ,spa9 0 discomfit$ by ! mis=tunes ( w>1 he s\ght solace 9 embroid]+ a petticoat = ! ,virg9 ,m>y4 ,ranc _h a dome/ic trag$y1 & he f\nd$ ! ord] ( ,trappi/ monks4 ,loyola w\ld nev] h f\nd$ ,jesuitism if he _h n fir/ be5 disfigur$ & crippl$ 9 a milit>y siege4 ,dante 0 an exile :5 he wrote 8 ,inf]no1 & ,john ,calv9 0 a dyspeptic & suff]$ f rheumatism1 g\t1 & /one :5 he wrote 8 ,in/itutes4 ,! mo/ di/+ui%$ devotees to ! religion ( self-reproa* h always be5 suff]]s f heada*e & neuralgia1 z 8crippl$ foxes decry ! v9tage10 & grapes are always s\r t are beyond rea*4 ,! g]ms ( ,*ri/ianity grew out ( ! decay+ c>casses ( ! ,jewi% commonweal? & ! ,roman empire1 & z ! wor%ip ( sorr[ & unnaturalness x is n promotive ( ! highe/ virtue & ! be/ int]e/s ( human society4 ,x is only :5 ! di/9ctive asceticism is elim9at$ & its extreme pessimism is de/roy$ by a rational optimism t x becomes a real bless+ to humanity4 ,e religion reflects ! *>act]i/ics ( ! place & "t ( its bir?1 & ! gloomy & melan*olic temp]am5ts ( ! dwell]s by ! ,jordan1 ! ,nile1 & ! ,euphrates ?or\ghly p]meat$ & impregnat$ ! sects ( ^? c\ntries4 ,reg>d+ ,*ri/ianity z ( human orig91 we are at lib]ty to ca/ aside its lugubri\s _s1 its impracticable unworldl9ess & unnaturalness1 & ) high] e/eem1 & a m g5u9e he>tfelt appreciation1 & a s9c]e acceptance & approval we are free to adopt & glorify its g5]al humane _s "u ! div9e impulse ( ! univ]sal ,fa!rhood ( ,god4 ,! real religi\s basis is t he s]ves ,god be/ :o s]ves man be/1 & ! com+ ( ! k+dom ( ,god is concomitant ) ! com+ ( ! k+dom ( man4 ,! claim ( infallibility is always suspici\s1 & !re is no f9ality 9 religi\s tru? & progress2 & x _c be d\bt$ t ! religion ( ! n9ete5? c5tury is z great an improvem5t ^u ! religion ( ! fir/ z our civilization1 sci5ce1 comm]ce1 & ! me*anic arts are sup]ior4 ,pr(4 ,max ,mll]1 ( ! or?odox ,univ]sity ( ,ox=d1 well says3 8,! elem5ts & roots ( religion 7 !re z f> back z we c trace ! hi/ory ( man1 & ! hi/ory ( religion1 l ! hi/ory ( language1 %[s u ?r\gh\t a succession ( new comb9ations ( ! same radical elem5ts40 ,9 no sy/em ( religion is ! pr9ciple ( comb9ation1 ( previ\sly exi/+ =ms ( cre$ & conduct1 s app>5t z 9 ! ,*ri/ian religion4 ,x is ! be/ because x is ! late/ ( ! great religions1 & conta9s ! be/ selections & comb9ations ( all previ\sly exi/+ ones1 ,jewi% & pagan4 ,our fai? 9 ! sublime moral precepts ( ,*ri/ianity is increas$ & /r5g!n$ z we realize t !y are ?\s&s ( ye>s old1 t !y are ! accumulat$ products ( ! ages--an evolution f ! consummat$ wisdom ( all previ\sly exi/+ religioni/s ( all times & c\ntries4 ,god's real revelations to man are f )91 & !y w\ld n be any m div9e if !y 7 f )\t4 ,( no?+ c we be s sure z t ,god w take c>e ( 8 own et]nal tru?1 & cause x to %9e =? ) m radiant spl5dor z k %all increase & true sci5ce %all le>n to read m intellig5tly ! records ( ! div9e "* & w 9 ! infallible book ( nature4 ,ecclesia/ical tomtits may twitt] & flutt]1 & !ological owls may look solemn & wise & hoot out _! gloomy =ebod+s1 b ! true ark ( ,nature's cov5ant is safe43 8,ev] ! tru? comes upp]mo/1 ,& ev] is ju/ice done40 ,! only safe position1 because x is ! only true "o1 is t !re is a ,god 9 ! univ]se1 & t x is ! div9e ord] to make kn[n 8 w by sl[ & uni=m processes1 & n by sudd5 & miracul\s revelations4 ,! pr9ciple ( evolution is j z true 9 its application to moral & spiritual ?+s z x is 9 reg>d to ! mat]ial _w1 & ano!r ,d>w9 w "s day arise :o w demon/rate ! fact4 ,inde$1 ?is field is 8ripe = ! h>ve/10 z sev]al new sci5ces1 n dream$ ( until )9 a half c5tury pa/1 are reveal+ facts & e/abli%+ pr9ciples :i* are sure to consign ! old sup]naturalism to regions ( sup]/ition & prie/craft4 ,,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,a ,,few ,,fragm5ts 8,ga!r up ! fragm5ts t rema91 t no?+ be lo/40--,john #f3ab4 ,,gno/icism4 ,,s9ce prep>+ ,*apt] ,,xi41 on ,! ,ideal ,*ri/1 & quot+ freely f ,mr4 ,g]ald ,massey reg>d+ ! ,gno/ics1 "s d\bts h be5 sugge/$ z to ! s\ndness ( 8 views4 ,we h !re=e c>efully review$ ?is matt]1 & c f9d no reason to abate "o tittle f ! conclusions pres5t$ by ?is pa9/ak+ & able writ]4 ,! ^w gnosis1 mean+ k1 does n apply exclusively to a p>ty or sect ,! ,gno/ics 7 n di/+ui%$ f ,*ri/ians at fir/ by sect>ian l9es4 ,! ,epi/les ( ,paul1 bo? g5u9e & spuri\s1 recognize ! gnosis1 & !re 7 ,gno/ic sects1 z well z individual ,gno/ics1 bo? be=e & aft] ! ,*ri/ian era4 ,! gnosis consi/$ 9 kn[+1 & ma9ly 9 n accept+ z hi/orical & lit]al :at 0 really only allegorical4 ,! *ief ,gno/ic sects held z secret _! ess5tial doctr9es1 & at ! same "t !y _h an exot]ic /atem5t :i* !y gave to ! common p4 ,ev5 ,paul1 :o seems to h be5 a fir/-class ,gno/ic1 prea*$ "o gospel publicly to ! ,g5tiles1 & ano!r :i* he gave 8privately to !m t 7 ( reputation0 7,gal4 #b3 #b74 ,8 tea*+s 7 highly ,cabali/ic1 & he seems to h delight$ 9 8my/]ies40 ,he _h no conf]5ce ) any ( ! o!r apo/les z to :at he %\ld tea*1 b w5t to ,arabia1 :]e he d\btless met ! ,ess5ean bro!rhood1 & probably le>n$ f !m in/ead ( ! ,judean tea*]s4 ,! ,ess5es 7 fam\s = ! cultivation ( sacr$ lit]ature1 & _h _! p]sonifi$ ,*ri/1 z we h reason to believe4 ,mr4 ,c4 ,/anil& ,wake ?9ks1 ) good reason1 t ! ,ess5es 7 ,mi?ra/s1 & t !y wor%ipp$ ! sun1 & ,mi?ras1 ! ,p]sian savior1 0 a p]sonification ( ! sun4 ,! ,ess5es1 accord+ to ,josephus1 treat$ ! sun ) great v5]ation1 & (f]$ c]ta9 pray]s e>ly 9 ! morn+1 z if !y made supplication = its ris+4 ,! ,ess5es & ,mi?ra/s 7 ,gno/ics 9 t !y held to a p]sonifi$ savior1 & n a lit]al man ( fle% & blood4 ,! symbolism ( ! univ]se af=d$ models = ! secrets ( _! religion1 & _! rites 7 introduc$ into e "p ( ! ,roman empire--( c\rse includ+ ,pale/9e--& = ne>ly f\r c5turies ! ,mi?raic religion wellnigh ov]%ad[$ ,*ri/ianity4 ,mu* t 0 writt5 ( ,jesus indicates ! *>act]i/ics ( ! secret initiations4 ,x may appe> /range to ! sup]ficially in=m$ :5 we affirm1 z h]et(ore1 t _m ( ^? matt]s :i* ,paul set =? ) su* seem+ lit]alness 7 9 fact my/ic & arcane1 ! transcript ( old] doctr9es1 & 7 made up ?r\gh\t ( a/rological symbolism4 ,! sy/ems ( _m anci5t peoples c5turies be=e ,*ri/ianity conta9 doctr9es & dramatic /ories closely analog\s to ! gospel /ory ( ,jesus4 ,! ,neo-,platoni/s held t ^! occult rites 7 m]ely a =m ( repres5t+ philosophic ?\ght z if 9 sc5es ( daily life4 ,:ile ,paul ref]s to c]ta9 matt]s z app>5tly hi/orical1 he nev] ov]looks _! symbolic import4 ,! int]polators ( 8 writ+s misrepres5t$ 8 real views1 z is ev9c$ by int]nal evid5ce 9 ! writ+s !mselves4 ,! f\r? ,gospel1 falsely cr$it$ to ,john1 0 writt5 = ! evid5t purpose ( oppos+ ! ,gno/ic doctr9e ( ,jesus n made fle% by pres5t+ ! ,neo-,platonic dogma ( 8! ,^w made fle%40 ,9 _m places ?r\gh\t ! ,new ,te/am5t !re is an implication t !re 7 ^? :o d5i$ t ,jesus came 9 ! fle%3 8,& e _s t confesse? n t ,jesus ,*ri/ is come 9 ! fle% is n ( ,god0 7#a ,john #a3 #c74 ,9 #b ,john1 #g? v]se1 x is said3 8,= _m deceiv]s are ent]$ into ! _w1 :o confess n t ,jesus ,*ri/ is come 9 ! fle%4 ,?is is a deceiv] & an anti*ri/40 ,h[ does ?is comport ) ! assumption t ! exi/5ce ( ! human ,jesus 0 nev] d\bt$ 9 ! apo/olic age8 ,! ignorant & dis+5u\s ecclesia/ics :o wrote on ,gno/icism 9 e>ly ages always obs]v$ "o rule1 & t 0 to repres5t x z a m]e (f%oot & corruption ( ,*ri/ianity1 inv5t$ because ( disappo9t$ ambition by apo/ates f ! religion e/abli%$ by ! apo/les4 ,! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,k+1 9 8 ,gno/ics1 & _! ,rema9s1 affirms t su* repres5tations 8are entirely false40 ,! tru? is1 t ,gno/icism did n purport to be a ,*ri/ian sy/em1 except by a k9d ( syncretism to reconcile diff]5t fai?s4 ,! ,neo-,platoni/s attempt$ ?is1 & ,gno/ics did ! same on an analog\s plan4 ,! hi/orical exi/5ce ( ,jesus 0 little else ?an a concession made to ! unreason+ multitude1 :ile ! esot]ic doctr9e 0 s mu* old] z to make su* an exi/5ce ( no possible acc\nt except z a piece ( folk-lore to hang illu/rations ( doctr9es ^u4 ,?is is ! c5tral idea ( e bran* ( ,gno/icism4 ,! =ms set =? by diff]5t expositors are second>y & incid5tal1 liable to mislead ^? :o attempt to place !m 9 ! front & draw d$uctions f !m2 & h5ce ,saturn9us taught t all t 0 consid]$ physical 9 ,jesus 0 only a phantasy1 & t :at 0 f ,god 0 spiritual only1 & n at all corporeal4 ,z = ! writ+s ( ,tatian1 !y are 8lo/0--t is1 de/roy$--& we are "u no obligations to accept :at 8 enemies h said ( !m4 ,! p]iod 0 "o 9 :i* calumny1 sl&]1 & =g]y 7 ! rule1 z well z ! ma9 dep5d5ce = refut+ an adv]s>y4 ,we "k no?+ ( ,c]9?us except ?r\gh ,epiphanius1 ^: reputation = tru? & v]acity is s bad t he w\ld make falsehood appe> l tru? by 8 mann] ( tell+ x4 ,our evid5ce respect+ ,c]9?us comes *iefly f ,epiphanius1 :o once pr(ess$ to be a ,gno/ic 7,macosian71 & aft]w>d turn$ ,ca?olic1 &1 ,judas-l1 betray$ "s scores ( 8 =m] associates1 includ+ sev5ty wom51 to ! p]secut+ civil au?orities4 ,! ,ophites 7 c]ta9ly my/ics1 & read ev]y?+ conc]n+ ,jesus z a sacr$ allegory4 ,_m ?9k t ,*ri/os 0 ) !m ,*r/os1 ! good1 ! inc>nation & associate ( ,sophia1 8! wisdom f on high40 ,! 8wisdom religion0 0 ext5sively symboliz$4 ,py?agoras nam$ 8 esot]ic doctr9e ! gnosis or 8k10 & ,plato us$ a simil> expression to indicate ! 8int]ior k40 ,m>cion 0 evid5tly ,p]sian & us$ ,mi?raic symbolism4 ,! c]emonials ( ,mi?raism 7r$-cap ,*ri/ians7 & a/ral rites 7 adopt$ by ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 besides _m o!r rites ( paganism4 ,! ,jewi% ,cabala & ! ,gno/ics _h mu* 9 common4 ,! ,se?ites 7 ( ,jewi% orig91 & !y held t ,se? 0 ! son ( ,sophia1 :o _h fill$ him ) ! div9e gnosis1 & t 8 desc5dants 7 a spiritual race4 ,! ,m&aites 7 ,gno/ics1 z _! "n indicates1 & !y f\nd 9 ! sy/em ! old] type ( doctr9e :i* obta9$ 9 ,mesopotamia & 9 ! old & elaborate ,babylonian religion4 ,?is is se5 f ! fact t ! names ( ! old pan!on 7 adopt$4 ,! v>iety ( leg5ds reg>d+ ,jesus %[ t he 0 n an hi/orical "*4 ,d]iv+ ! bulk ( _! !osophy f beyond ! ,euphrates1 & ev5 mu* f beyond ! ,indus1 ! e>ly ecclesia/ics *ang$ names1 b reta9$ _! orig9al ideas4 ,ne>ly all ,*ri/ian fe/ivals are ! equival5ts ( pagan obs]vances1 z is well kn[n4 ,pr(4 ,f4 ,w4 ,newman d5\nces ! ass]tions ( ,tis*5dorf & ,canon ,we/cott1 conc]n+ ! ,gno/ics z 8unwor?y ( s*ol>s1 & only calculat$ to mislead read]s1 :o mo/ g5]ally are ignorant ( ! actual facts 9 9 ! case40 8,! uncritical & inaccurate "* ( ! ,fa!rs r5d]$ !m peculi>ly liable to be misl$ by =gone conclusions40 ,ori5tal ,*ri/ianity & ,p>seeism furni% a /rik+ example ( religi\s syncretism4 ,9 ! ,gno/ic basis itself x is n difficult to recognize ! g5]al features ( ! religion ( anci5t ,babylon1 & ?us we are br\ght ne>] to a solution ( ! problem z to ! real orig9 ( ,gno/icism 9 g5]al4 ,dr4 ,john ,tullo*1 pr9cipal ( ,/4 ,&rew's ,univ]sity & ! writ] ( ! article on ! ,gno/ics 9 ! ,encyclopa$ia ,britannica 7n9? edition71 truly says3 8,! s\rces ( ,gno/icism are to be f\nd 9 div]se =ms ( religion & speculative culture antec$5t to ,*ri/ianity1 especially 9 ! !ology ( ! ,alex&rian ,jews z repres5t$ 9 ! writ+s ( ,philo1 & aga9 9 ! influ5ces fl[+ f ! old ,p]sian or ,z>a?u/rian religion & ! ,buddhi/ic fai?s ( ! ,ea/40 ,he also says x is 8! fact t ! _s ( ,gno/icism & ! language :i* x aft]w>d develop$ 7 9 ! air ( ! apo/olic age1 & t ! la/ ?+ to seek 9 ! e>ly ,fa!rs is ei!r accuracy ( *ronology or a cle> sequ5ce ( ?\ght40 ,9 ,appletons' ,new ,am]ican ,cyclop$ia1 "u ! title 8,gno/ics10 x is said3 8,! ,gno/ics numb]$ two classes--! select few :o 7 admitt$ to ! div9e secrets1 & ! l>ge class ( common believ]s :o 7 n able to rise above ! physical condition40 ,! po9t is t ! ,gno/ics _h a secret doctr9e :i* _! adv]s>ies did n "k4 ,! recognition ( ,jesus z an actual p]son 0 only app>5t1 & h5ce diff]5t p diff]$ 9 t respect4 ,! doctr9e came f ! f> ,ea/1 & tea*]s only s\ght to h>monize x ) ! new wor%ip1 z !y also did ) ,mi?raism4 ,! real ,gno/ics 7 ! spiritual m5 ( ! times1 & m]e ext]nali/s c\ld n und]/& !m4 ,x w\ld be amus+ if x 7 n s s]i\s to see m5 (t5 affect+ great le>n+1 !mselves n pr(ess+ or?odoxy1 yet vehem5t = :at c only be call$ ,roman ecclesia/icism4 8,! lett] kille?10 & 8! wise %all und]/&40 ,_m writ]s on ,gno/icism seem to "k no m ?an ! cock on ! dunghill kn[s ( ! jewels t lie be=e him4 ,! fact is1 t ! writ+s ( ! s-call$ ,fa!rs1 & ( ! ,new ,te/am5t itself1 h come d[n to u p]colat$ ?r\gh ,roman sac]dotalism1 & mu/ be tak5 ) _m gra9s ( all[ance4 ,!re 7 _m m5 nam$ ,jesus at ! comm5cem5t ( ! ,*ri/ian era1 b t a ,jesus 0 crucifi$ & rose f ! dead is n support$ by a p>ticle ( evid5ce4 ,! anonym\s au?or ( ! great ,engli% book1 ,sup]natural ,religion1 has %[n h[ utt]ly valueless ! ,gospels are z s\rces ( evid5ce2 & :]e else %all we look = an hi/orical ,jesus8 ,we c h no fai? 9 hi/orical 8phantoms10 8aions10 & 8illusions40 ,nei!r pagan nor ,jewi% contemporane\s hi/ory gives any c\nt5ance to ! or?odox claim ( a p]sonal1 crucifi$1 & ris5 ,jesus4 ,,orig9 ,,( ,,! ,,*ri/ ,,/ory4 ,! ,gospels 7 d\btless compil$ ne>ly two hundr$ ye>s aft] ! beg9n+ ( ! ,*ri/ian era f ! my?ological & sup]/iti\s lore t 0 !n circulat+ 9 great abundance2 & ,*ri/ himself is only a my?ological p]sonage :o1 if su* a p]son ev] _h any exi/5ce at all1 exi/$ _m c5turies be=e ! ,*ri/ian era1 & 0 v diff]5t f ! ,*ri/ ( ! ,gospels1 be+ orig9ally sculapius or "s o!r "* ( ! l fame1 & s]v+ only z ! basis ( ! ,*ri/ian fable4 ,x is c]ta9 t ! primitive tea*]s ( ,*ri/ianity conv]t$ to _! own purposes ! writ+s ( anci5t poets & philosoph]s1 mix+ toge!r ! ,ori5tal ,gno/icism & ,greek philosophy1 & palm+ !m on ! _w 9 a new =m z ?+s especially reveal$ to !mselves4 ,x may fur!r be rem>k$ t at a mo/ e>ly p]iod ( ! ,*ri/ian era !re appe>s to h be5 great d\bts z to ! real exi/5ce ( ,*ri/4 ,! ,mani*ees1 z ,augu/9e in=ms u1 d5i$ t he 0 a man1 :ile o!rs ma9ta9$ t he 0 a man1 b d5i$ t he 0 a ,god 7,augu/4 ,s]m4 xxxvii4 c4 #ab74 ,!re is1 !re=e1 consid]able =ce 9 ! expressions ( a mod]n writ] t ! be+ ( no o!r individual m5tion$ 9 hi/ory ev] labor$ "u su* a defici5cy ( evid5ce z to its reality1 or ev] 0 ov]set by a ?\s&? "p ( ! weight ( positive pro( t x 0 a creation ( imag9ation only1 z t ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,8 exi/5ce z a man has1 f ! e>lie/ day on :i* x c be %[n to h be5 ass]t$1 be5 e>ne/ly & /r5u\sly d5i$2 & t n by ! enemies ( ! ,*ri/ian fai?1 b by ! mo/ intellig5t1 mo/ le>n$1 & mo/ s9c]e ( ! ,*ri/ian "n :o h left to ! _w pro(s ( _! intellig5ce & le>n+ 9 _! writ+s & ( _! s9c]ity 9 _! suff]+s4 ,! exi/5ce ( no individual ( ! human race t 0 real & positive 0 ev] by a l conflict ( j>r+ evid5ce r5d]$ equivocal & unc]ta94 ,no?+1 h[ev]1 is m common ?an = "s p]sons to assume an air ( contempt1 & to cry out t ^? :o d5y t su* a p]son z ,jesus ( ,naz>e? ev] exi/$ are utt]ly unwor?y ( be+ answ]$4 ,x is1 truly1 v conv5i5t = !m ?us to %elt] !mselves by assum+ 8 exi/5ce z incontrov]tible1 in/ead ( fairly meet+ hi/orical facts :i*1 to say ! lea/1 r5d] 8 exi/5ce v problemetical4 ,x is to no purpose to urge t x might z well be d5i$ t no su* a p]son z ,alex&] ! ,great or ,napoleon ,bonap>te ev] exi/$ z to set at defiance ! evid5ce ( ! exi/5ce ( ,jesus4 ,= ! exi/5ce ( nei!r ,alex&] nor ,napoleon 0 miracul\s1 & !re nev] 0 on e>? "o o!r real p]sonage ^: exi/5ce1 z a real p]sonage1 0 d5i$ & disclaim$ ev5 z soon z ev] x 0 ass]t$1 z 0 ! case ) respect to ! assum$ p]sonality ( ,*ri/4 ,b ! only common "* t runs ?r\gh ! :ole body ( ! evid5ce ( h]etics is1 t !y1 "o & all1 f fir/ to la/1 d5y ! exi/5ce ( ,jesus ,*ri/ z a man1 &1 pr(ess+ _! fai? 9 him z a ,god & ,savi\r1 yet uni=mly & consi/5tly hold ! :ole /ory ( 8 life & actions to be allegorical4 ,! v e>lie/ ,*ri/ian writ+s t h come d[n to u are ( a controv]sial "* & writt5 9 attempt$ refutation ( h]esies4 ,^! h]esies mu/ !re=e h be5 ( s mu* e>li] date & prior preval5ce2 !y c\ld n h be5 consid]$ ( suffici5t consequ5ce to h call$ 7z !y seem to h done7 = ! entire devotion & en?usia/ic zeal ( ! or?odox p>ty to extirpate or keep !m "u1 if !y _h n acquir$ deep root & become ( s]i\s notoriety--an inf]5ce :i* leads directly to ! conclusion t !y 7 ( ant]ior orig9ation to any date t has hi!rto be5 ascrib$ to ! ,gospel hi/ory4 ,9 accordance ) ! notion t ,*ri/ 0 a phantom1 ! writ] ( ! ,comm5t>ies :i* are attribut$ to ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria1 app>5tly quot+ f ! ,gospel ( ,nicodemus1 tells u t an apo/le attempt$ to t\* ! body ( ,*ri/1 b 9 s do+ f\nd no h>dness ( fle% & met ) no resi/ance f x1 al?\gh he ?ru/ 8 h& into ! inn] "p ( x4 ,a simil> idea is convey$ by ,luke :]e he says t ,*ri/ vani%$ out ( ! sight ( 8 disciples1 b yet %ortly aft] /ood 9 ! mid/ ( !m--a notion consi/5t only ) t ( an app>ition 7,luke #bd3 #ca1 #cf74 ,simil> rem>ks may be made on ! words ( ,*ri/ to ,?omas & ,m>y2 to ! latt] he says1 8,t\* me n1 = ,i h n yet asc5d$ to my ,fa!r t is1 ,i am n to be felt20 & to ! =m] he says1 8,rea* hi!r ?y h&1 & ?ru/ x into my side0 7,john #bj3ag1 #bg74 ,bo? ^! expressions1 contradictory z !y are ) reg>d to ,jesus1 /ill %[ t ! writ] knew some?+ ( ! notion ent]ta9$ t ,*ri/ 0 a phantom4 ,luke 7#bd3 #cg1 #ci7 also has words prov+ ! same po9t1 :]e he says t ! disciples1 :5 !y saw ,*ri/ aft] 8 resurrection1 ?\ght !y _h se5 a _s & t he told !m to h&le him4 ,m>cion ( ,pontus1 :o fl\ri%$ ab\t ,a4 ,d4 #abg1 believ$ ,*ri/ n to h be5 born ( a virg9 & to h gr[n up gradually1 b t he took ! =m ( a man & appe>$ z a man )\t be+ born1 & at once %[$ himself 9 ,galilee 9 full maturity4 ,manes also1 accord+ to ! te/imony ( ,socrates & o!rs1 8d5i$ t ,*ri/ 0 ev] really born or _h real human fle%1 b ass]t$ t he 0 a m]e phantom40 7,see ,l>dn]'s ,cr$ibility1 vol4 ii4 p4 #ada47 ,= m5 :o ent]ta9$ ?is notion ( 8! p]son ( ,*ri/10 8 suff]+s1 dea?1 & resurrection 7 ( c\rse a delusion--7 only 9 appe>ance4 ,?us1 accord+ to ,fa!r ,apelles1 :o wrote ab\t ,a4 ,d4 #afj1 ,*ri/ 0 n born1 nor 0 8 body l ours1 b consi/$ ( arial & e!real p>ticles4 ,v probably1 ,apelles did n ?9k x unlikely t a body compos$ ( su* subtile matt] z ?is %\ld rise f ! grave & be capable ( pass+ n only ?r\gh ! smalle/ ap]ture1 b ev5 ?r\gh solid matt]4 ,b>nabas1 ! companion ( ,paul1 9 8 ,gospel _h ano!r way ( dispos+ ( ! "q ( ! resurrection--namely1 by d5y+ t ,*ri/ 0 crucifi$ at all1 b 0 tak5 up into ! ?ird heav5 by f\r angels2 t x 0 ,judas ,isc>iot :o 0 crucifi$ 9 8 /ead2 & t ,*ri/ w n die till ! v end ( ! _w 7,tol&'s ,naz>5us1 ,lett] i4 *ap4 v4 p4 #ag47 ,! ,basilidians1 ab\t ! comm5cem5t ( ! second c5tury1 dispos$ 9 a simil> mann] ( ! miracle ( ! resurrection by ass]t+ t x 0 n ,*ri/1 b ,simon ( ,cyr5e1 :o 0 crucifi$ in/ead ( ,jesus4 ,su* are "s ( ! v>i\s op9ions ( ! orig9 ( ! /ory ( ,*ri/'s resurrection4 ,!y are plac$ be=e ! read] t he may h a *oice ( !ories4 ,aft] matur$ reflection1 h[ev]1 he w1 mo/ probably1 come to ! conclusion t ?is tale orig9at$ 9 ! same mann] z 8,! ,gospel ( ! ,bir? ( ,m>y10 8,! ,gospels ( ! ,infancy ( ,*ri/10 8,! ,gospel ( ,nicodemus10 ! epi/ol>y correspond5ce ( ,*ri/ & ,abg>us1 ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y & ,ignatius1 toge!r ) hundr$s ( o!r simil> productions ( ! ages :5 facts 7 n s mu* appreciat$ z fables 9 ! =m ( books4 ,if he arrive at ?is conclusion1 he w see no reason to believe t su* a p]sonage z ! ,*ri/ ( ! ,gospels 0 ev] crucifi$1 mu* less rais$ f ! dead4 ,,anci5t ,,enigmas4 ,x is amus+ to obs]ve h[1 9 anci5t times1 ! d>k1 enigmatical1 & allegorical /yle 0 practis$1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! ,ea/1 by all public tea*]s1 bo? ,jews & ,g5tiles4 ,by ?is means !y expla9$ away ! fabul\s tales curr5t reg>d+ _! gods1 & disc\rs$ on e bran* ( k kn[n to !m4 ,!y deem$ religion a my/]y n to be publicly expla9$1 & always deliv]$ its dogmas clo!d 9 d>k allegories 7,oie4 de ,nat4 ,deor4 lib4 ii4 iii42 ,sp5c] de ,legibus ,heb41 p4 #ahb2 ,cl]ici ,hi/4 ,eccles41 p4 #bc74 ,! ,egyptians & ,*aldeans 7 not$ = _! d>k say+s 7,simon ,hi/ cr4 des ,comm5t1 p4 #d74 ,gale 7,opuscula ,my?ologica7 gives an acc\nt ( sev]al anci5t books expressly writt5 z in/ructions to int]pret allegories4 ,! ,greek poets1 ,hom] n except$1 are by _! s*olia/s reg>d$ z treat+ ( _! gods 9 a my/ical /yle4 ,! ,/oic philosoph]s dress$ ! :ole hea!n !ology 9 allegorical language 7,cic4 de ,nat4 ,deor41 lib4 ii474 ,! ,py?agorean philosophy 0 taught 9 enigmatical expressions1 ! mean+ ( :i* 0 /udi\sly conceal$ f ! vulg> m9d1 & reveal$ ev5 to ! initiat$ only gradually z _! ye>s ( maturity 7 ?\ght to qualify !m = its reception4 ,plato & 8 foll[]s 9 ! groves ( ,academia practis$ ! same mode ( tea*+ religion1 especially !ogony4 ,! writ+s attribut$ to ,paul ! apo/le1 z has be5 %[n1 are replete ) my/ical & enigmatical expressions4 ,?is he confesses1 say+ t he spoke 8! wisdom ( ,god 9 a my/]y10 8comp>+ spiritual ?+s ) spiritual0 7#a ,cor4 #b3 #g1 #ac74 ,accord+ly1 he reg>ds ! hi/ory ( ,isaac & ,i%mael z an allegory 7,gal4 #d3 #bb-be71 :i* he condesc5ds to expla94 ,! primitive ,fa!rs ( ,*ri/ianity pursu$ ! same mode ( communicat+ in/ruction & ( def5d+ _! religion aga9/ ! pagans4 ,ju/9 ,m>tyr1 ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria1 ,ir5u1 ,t]tullian1 ,orig51 all ( !m1 7 v exp]t 9 ?is occult sy/em1 9 imitation ( ! hea!n philosoph]s1 by :om mo/ ( !m _h be5 educat$4 ,eusebius 7,hi/4 ,eccles4y lib4 vi4 c4 #ai71 cit+ :at he is pleas$ to call ! ass]tions ( ,porphyry1 writes t ,orig51 hav+ be5 educat$ 9 ,greek lit]ature1 int]m+l$ x ) ! fictions ( ,*ri/ianity1 t he dealt 9 ! works ( ,plato1 ,num5ius1 ,cranius1 ,apollophanes1 ,long9us ,mod]atus1 ,nico-ma*us1 ,*remon1 & ,cornutus1 & t he d]iv$ f ^! pagan au?ors ! allegorical mode ( int]pretation usual 9 ! my/]ies ( ! ,greeks1 & appli$ x to ! ,jewi% ,scriptures4 ,?us1 ,orig5's mode ( tea*+ 0 id5tical ) t ( ! pagans--a mode comm5d$ ev5 by ! le>n$ ,dodwell 7,lett]s ( ,advice1 etc41 p4 #bjh71 :o says t ! pagan my/ical arts ( concealm5t are ( use t[>d und]/&+ ! ,scriptures4 ,! ,jewi% rabbis also deliv]$ _! doctr9es 9 ! same obscure & my/ical mann]1 z _! ,talmud1 ,cabala1 ,gem>a1 & o!r books1 besides :at we call ! ,hebrew ,scriptures1 amply %[4 ,! religi\s tea*]s ( all ! nations ( antiquity ?us delight+ 9 d>k say+s1 x is !re=e by no means wond]ful t ! writ]s ( ! ,gospels1 :oev] !y 71 attribute simil> enigmas to ,jesus4 ,?is acc\nts1 9 a measure1 = ! obscurity ( ! ,gospels1 :ile1 h[ev]1 x traces _! orig9 to a pagan s\rce4 ,,gods ,,( ,,virg9 ,,bir?4 ,x is 9 p]fect h>mony ) :at has long ago be5 demon/rat$ by "s ( ! mo/ critical writ]s1 n only 9 ,engli%1 b also 9 o!r languages--namely1 t ! ,new ,te/am5t has be5 collect$ by ,eclectic monks--p>ticul>ly ,egyptian monks ( ,jewi% extraction connect$ ) ! ,alex&rian college--f v>i\s leg5d>y tales & o!r docum5ts !n afloat1 :i* !y modifi$ to answ] _! own purposes1 & :i* s9ce _! "t h be5 consid]ably alt]$ to suit ! requirem5ts ( diff]5t religi\s communities4 ,! ,*ri/ian apologi/s ( ! second & ?ird c5turies ev9c$ no lack ( k on ?is po9t4 ,ju/9 ,m>tyr1 z already cit$1 9 address+ a ,roman emp]or1 says t ! ,*ri/ians1 by decl>+ ,jesus to be ! ,son ( ,god1 born ( a virg91 said no m ?an ! ,romans said ( ^? :om !y /yl$ ! #bd sons ( ,jupit]1 su* z ,m]cury1 ,bac*us1 ,h]cules1 ,pollux1 & ,ca/or2 & z to ,jesus1 he repeats1 hav+ be5 born ( a virg91 ! pagans _h _! ,p]seus1 son ( ,jove & ! virg9 ,dana1 to balance ?is feature4 ,creusa1 daught] ( ,erec!us1 0 visit$ by ! god ,apollo1 & 9 consequ5ce became ! "m ( ! god ,janus4 ,a ,*9ese virg9 by means ( ! rays ( ! sun--reg>d$ z a deity--became ! "m ( ! god ,fo1 :o act$ z a m$iator betwe5 8 foll[]s & ano!r sup]ior god4 ,! ,h9doo virg9 ,roh9i 9 l miracul\s mann] gave bir? to a god1 "o ( ! ,brahman tr9ity4 ,ano!r ,h9doo virg91 ,devaci1 z already obs]v$1 hav+ _h an int]c\rse ) ! deity ,yasudeva1 became ! "m ( an inc>nate god ^: "n 0 ,*ri%na2 ^: bir? 0 ann\nc$ by ! appe>ance ( a new />2 ^: life1 :5 an infant1 0 s\ght 9 va9 by ! reign+ tyrant ( ! c\ntry2 ^: pr9cipal exploits 7 kill+ a t]rible s]p5t1 hold+ a m\nta9 on ! tip ( 8 f+]1 wa%+ ! feet ( ! ,brahmans1 sav+ multitudes by 8 miracul\s p[]1 rais+ _m f ! dead1 dy+ to save ! _w f s9 & d>kness1 ris+ f ! dead1 & !n asc5d+ to 8 heav5ly seat 9 ,vaicon?a 7,sir ,wm4 ,jones's ,asiatic ,rese>*es1 vol4 i4 pp4 #bei-bgc74 ,somonocodom1 :o1 accord+ to ! sacr$ books ( ! ,talapo9s ( ,siam1 0 de/9$ to save ! _w1 0 ano!r p]sonage :o _h a virg9 "m4 ,! foll[]s ( ,plato ab\t two hundr$ ye>s aft] 8 dea?1 b m ?an a c5tury be=e ! ,*ri/ian era1 report$ t he _h be5 born ( a virg94 ,! mo/ anci5t ,alex&rian *ronicles1 :i* furni% ample pro(s ( ! univ]sal preval5ce ( our gospel religion 9 ,egypt = ages be=e ! ,*ri/ian era1 te/ify z foll[s3 8,to ?is day ,egypt has consecrat$ ! pregnancy ( a virg9 & ! nativity ( h] son1 :om !y annually pres5t 9 a cradle to ! adoration ( ! p2 & :5 ,k+ ,ptolemy1 ?ree hundr$ & fifty ye>s be=e our ,*ri/ian era1 dem&$ ( ! prie/s ! significancy ( ?is religi\s c]emony1 !y told him x 0 a my/]y40 7,see ,*ri/ian ,my?ology ,unveil$1 p4 #id47 ,inde$1 ! fabul\s lore ( anci5t times is teem+ ) ! am\rs ( gods ) virg9s & ! results !re(4 ,"s writ]s h intimat$ t su* bir?s 7 ! consequ5ces ( ! artful intrigues ( ! pagan prie/s ) holy virg9s2 b ,dupuis1 ,alb]t1 ,alphonso1 ,b\lang]1 & o!rs h cle>ly %[n 8t ^! & simil> tales1 :i* are revolt+ to common s5se if tak5 lit]ally1 7 orig9ally1 9 ,ori5tal le>n+1 a/ronomical & o!r allegories1 convey+ ! mo/ sublime tru?s !n kn[n t\*+ ! revolutions ( ! heav5ly bodies & o!r physical & moral facts1 :ile _! mean+ 9 aft] ages 0 gradually p]v]t$ to answ] o!r ends40 ,,! ,,epi/les ,,sil5t ,,conc]n+ ,,! ,,words ,,& ,,works ,,( ,,jesus4 ,x is a mo/ rem>kable fact t 9 none ( ! ,epi/les is !re any m5tion made ( ! v>i\s wond]ful ?+s n>rat$ 9 ! ,gospels z hav+ be5 said & done by ,*ri/4 ,inde$1 !re is sc>cely an allusion made 9 !m to ^? a/\nd+ details ) :i* e page ( ! ,gospels is replete4 ,no m5tion is made 9 !m ( :at ! ,gospels /ate t ,*ri/ decl>$ reg>d+ ! day ( judgm5t--no?+ ab\t ,*ri/'s pret]natural bir?1 8 baptism1 8 temptation by ,satan1 8 d5unciations ( ! diff]5t exi/+ sects1 8 precepts1 8 p>ables1 8 intimate acqua9tance ) publicans1 ) ,magdal5e1 ) ,m>y & o!r wom54 ,n "o ( 8 miracles is detail$1 & no?+ is said ( ! m>vell\s circum/ances :i* att5d$ 8 crucifixion & dea?1 su* z ! sun d>k5+1 ! e>? quak+1 ! temple r5d+1 rocks cleav+ asund]1 graves op5+1 ! dead ris+ & walk+ ! /reets ( ,j]usalem4 ,^! are matt]s :i*1 "o w\ld imag9e1 %\ld occupy a v prom95t position 9 all ! ,epi/les--%\ld be reli$ ^u by ! writ]s respectively z facts ) :i* to atte/ & e/abli% ! tru? ( _! doctr9es1 & :i* w\ld1 ( !mselves1 suffice to conv9ce & conv]t ! mo/ incr$ul\s & obdurate m9d4 ,9 ! ,epi/les ascrib$ to ,pet]1 ,james1 & ,john1 :o are said to h be5 eye- & e>-witnesses ( :at ,*ri/ did & said1 "o w\ld expect1 c]ta9ly1 to f9d frequ5t details ( ! m>vell\s ?+s said ( ,jesus 9 ! ,gospels4 ,b ,pet] does n s mu* z allude to ! keys ( heav5 & hell :i* ! ,gospels say 7 giv5 him to keep1 nor ev5 to ! fact t ,jesus1 walk+ on ! sea1 enabl$ him also to d s & sav$ him f dr[n+4 ,nei!r does he tell ^? to :om he writes t ,jesus conf]r$ 8 bless+ ^u him :5 he pron\nc$ him 8! ,*ri/1 ! ,son ( ! liv+ ,god20 nor t ,jesus1 aft] he _h suspici\sly ask$ him ?ree times :e!r he lov$ him1 & _h z (t5 receiv$ affirmative answ]s1 *>g$ him to fe$ 8 flock4 ,( c\rse we _c expect him to h record$ 9 8 ,epi/les t ,jesus grac$ him ) ! epi!t 8,satan10 or t he d5i$ ! same ,jesus ?rice4 ,if x 0 ! son ( ,zeb$ee :o wrote 8! ,g5]al ,epi/le ( ,james0 7ab\t ! au?or%ip ( :i* ,*ri/ians h n z yet agre$71 x w\ld n seem too great a tribute to 8 div9e ,ma/] = him to ref] to "s ( 8 mighty words & de$s :i* he mu/ h witness$4 ,or if ! au?or is ! bro!r ( ,jesus 7:i* is n v likely1 s9ce all 8 relatives except 8 "m %unn$ him71 he c\ld deplore ! fact t he & 8 bro!rs--,joses1 ,simon1 & ,judas--did n believe 9 ! pret5sions ( _! div9e bro!r1 ,jesus4 ,b ! v "n ( ,jesus is m5tion$1 & t casually1 only ?rice 9 ! :ole ,epi/le4 ,john1 8! belov$ disciple10 c\ld 9 "o ( 8 ,epi/les1 or at lea/ 9 t :i* x is agre$ he wrote--to ! confirmation ( ! g5u95ess ( ,mat!w1 ,m>k1 & ,luke's ,gospels--h adv]t$ to t curi\s incid5t ( 8 "m ask+ ,jesus to all[ him & 8 bro!r ,james to sit on ea* side ( him 9 8 k+dom2 or c\ld1 ) a mixture ( joy & sorr[1 rum9ate on ! pleasure he _h felt 9 accompany+ ,pet] to prep>e ! la/ ,passov] :i* !y _h eat5 ) _! div9e ,ma/]1 & bemoan ! fatal disa/] :i* %ortly aft] ov]took 8 ,"l4 ,b he writes n "o ^w ab\t ^! rem>kable ev5ts1 or ab\t any?+ t occurr$ p]sonally betwe5 him & ,jesus4 ,inde$1 ! writ]s ( ! ,epi/les totally ignore ! cont5ts ( ! ,gospels4 ,h[1 !n1 is ?is fact to be acc\nt$ =8 ,did ! writ]s ( ! ,epi/les--:oev] !y 7--"k any?+ at all ab\t ! cont5ts ( ! pres5t ,gospels8 ,are we n entitl$ to inf] t ei!r ! *ur*es1 etc4 to :i* ^! ,epi/les 7 address$ 7 mu* old] ?an ! date ( ! ,gospels1 & ev5 ?an ! "t at :i* ! ,*ri/ ( ! ,gospels 0 born1 or t1 if ! pres5t ,gospels !n exi/$1 ! au?ors ( ! ,epi/les knew no?+ ( !m8 ,,conclusion4 ,we h se5 t1 s limit$ 0 ! k ( ,jesus ( futurity1 he falsely prophesi$ ! end ( ! _w1 ! "t ( 8 own resurrection1 ! p]petual praise ( a woman :o p\r$ ^u him a box ( o9tm5t1 & ! signs :i* believ]s 9 ,*ri/ianity w\ld manife/4 ,we h also se5 t a va/ numb] ( 8 precepts & doctr9es 7 obscure1 contradictory1 bigot$1 absurd1 & untrue1 & t mu* ( 8 conduct 0 op5 to criticism4 ,we h fur!r se5 t he 0 defici5t 9 k ( natural philosophy2 t he borr[$ ! be/ "p ( 8 doctr9e f hea!n my?ology2 t 8 life1 8 tea*+1 & 8 practices 7 id5tical ) ^? ( hea!n monks :o _h prec$$ him2 t1 l _m o!r human be+s1 he fe>$ dea?2 t nei!r 8 own neighbors1 nor k9sm51 nor ev5 8 disciples1 believ$ t he 01 ei!r 9 nature or p[]1 sup]ior to o!r mortals2 & t he himself av[$ t ! purpose = :i* he _h be5 u%]$ into ! _w 0 to s5d /rife1 division1 fire1 & sword on e>?1 & to make 8bro!r deliv] up bro!r to dea?1 & ! fa!r ! *ild1 & incite *ildr5 to rise up aga9/ _! p>5ts & cause !m to be put to dea?0 7,matt4 #aj3 #ba74 ,su* has be5 ! result ( our inquiry4 ,b let x n be suppos$ t !re 0 no?+ to admire 9 ! alleg$ "* & tea*+s ( ! ideal ,jesus4 ,!re are _m exce$+ly t5d] ?+s m+l$ ) ! arrogant & sev]e4 ,8 "*1 made up f _m models1 c\ld n be o!rwise ?an inconsi/5t & contradictory4 ,x is a p]fect mosaic1 b su* has be5 ! rev]5ce = ,jesus1 9 view ( ! extraord9>y claims made = him1 t m5 h clos$ _! eyes to 8 imp]fections & faults1 :ile !y h greatly magnifi$ 8 virtues4 ,we h kn[n _m p]sons 9 our day :o z f> excell$ ,jesus 9 e noble & manly quality z ! civilization & morality ( ! n9ete5? c5tury are sup]ior to ^? ( ! fir/4 ,x has be5 well said t ,jesus1 :e!r a p]son or an imp]sonation1 w cont9ue to be ! lead] j s long z he leads2 b he no long] leads4 ,x is f\nd 7assum+ 8 p]sonality7 t he taught no?+ b :at _h be5 taught ) equal di/9ctness be=e him1 & t he taught mu* n suit$ to ?is comm]cial age & to ! wants ( ?is n9ete5? c5tury4 ,:ile _m p]sons pr(ess to be disciples ( ,jesus1 yet nobody ev5 pret5ds to con=m _! lives to 8 alleg$ tea*+s4 ,prop]ly speak+1 !re is n n[ a real ,*ri/ian ^u ! face ( ! e>?1 z no "o attempts to practise ! extreme precepts ,*ri/ is said to h laid d[n 9 ! s-call$ ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt4 ,:at is call$ ,*ri/ianity is prov$ & admitt$ to be an evolution f v>i\s religions :i* 7 be=e x4 ,! good 9 e religion is ! same1 & m5 w g on we$+ out ! impure & imp]fect1 ! fitte/ only surviv+4 ,*ri/ianity claims to be an infallible div9e revelation1 & t x is complete 9 itself1 & ( c\rse admits ( no progress4 ,?is is ! difficulty betwe5 ! old or?odoxy & ! new or?odoxy ( ! cre$s4 ,! ,*ur* c>ries no flag ( truce4 ,x says1 ,y mu/ believe6 ,true m5 answ]1 ,we _c believe ! impossible & ! absurd4 ,!re c be no d\bt z to :o w survive 9 ?is /ruggle = exi/5ce4 ,! 8_s ( tru?0 is com+1 & x w 8tea* 9 all ?+s40 ,,*apt] ,,xv4 ,,blood-,,salvation 8,& almo/ all ?+s are by ! law purg$ ) blood2 & )\t ! %$d+ ( blood !re is no remission40--,heb4 #i3 #bb4 8,! blood ( ,jesus ,*ri/ 8 ,son cleanse? u f all s940--6 ,john #a3 #e4 ,,x w\ld be t$i\s to quote ev5 "o-t5? ( ! passages f ! ,new ,te/am5t 9 :i* salvation is ascrib$ to ! blood ( ,jesus4 ,inde$1 f ,g5esis to ,revelation sacrificial blood seems to be ! "o prom95t !me4 ,! salvation ( ,*ri/ is emphatically ! salvation by blood1 & ?is idea runs ?r\gh ! :ole sy/em ( :at is call$ evangelical !ology4 ,j]emy ,taylor wrote ab\t 8lapp+ ) ! tongue ! blood f ! ,savi\r's op5 w\nds10 sugge/+ ! well-kn[n habit ( ! blood?ir/y dog4 ,b ,mr4 ,taylor 0 outdone by ! late ,rev4 ,bi%op ,jesse ,t4 ,peck1 :5 he frantically exclaim$1 9 ! pres5ce ( ?\s&s ( p at a religi\s mass-meet+1 8,we h n en\gh blood 9 our religion4 ,i want to wade 9 ! blood ( ,calv>y up to my armpits1 & wall[ 9 x10 sugge/+ ! well-kn[n habits ( ! fil?y s[4 ,b ! ,rev4 ,t4 ,d4 ,talmage1 ,d4 ,d41 capp$ ! climax :51 9 8 usual rhapsodical /yle1 he exclaim$ 9 a rec5t s]mon3 8,x seems to me z if all ,heav5 7 try+ to bid 9 y\r s\l4 ,! fir/ bid x makes is ! te>s ( ,*ri/ at ! tomb ( ,laz>us2 b t is n a high-en\gh price4 ,! next bid ,heav5 makes is ! sweat ( ,ge?semane2 b x is too *eap a price4 ,! next bid ,heav5 makes seems to be ! :ipp$ back ( ,pilate's ,hall2 b x is n a high-en\gh price4 ,c x be possible t ,heav5 _c buy y 98 ,heav5 tries once m4 ,x says3 #8,i bid ?is "t = t man's s\l ! torture ( ,*ri/'s m>tyrdom1 ! blood on 8 temple1 ! blood on 8 *eek1 ! blood on 8 *91 ! blood on 8 h&1 ! blood on 8 side1 ! blood on 8 knee1 ! blood on 8 foot--! blood 9 drops1 ! blood 9 rills1 ! blood 9 pools coagulat$ b5ea? ! cross2 ! blood t wet ! tips ( ! soldi]'s spe>1 ! blood t pla%$ w>m 9 ! faces ( 8 enemies4' ,glory to ,god6 t bid w9s x6 ,! highe/ price t 0 ev] paid = any?+ 0 paid = y\r s\l4 ,no?+ c\ld buy x b blood6 ,! e/rang$ prop]ty is b\ght back4 ,take x4 ,y h sold y\rselves = naught2 & ye %all be r$eem$ )\t money4' ,o aton+ blood1 cleans+ blood1 life-giv+ blood1 sanctify+ blood1 glorify+ blood ( ,jesus6 ,:y n bur/ into te>s at ! ?\ght t = !e he %$ x--= !e ! h>d-he>t$1 = !e ! lo/80 ,h5ry ,,iii4 ( ,engl& 0 pres5t$ ) a small portion ( ! blood ( ,jesus1 said to h be5 %$ ^u ! cross1 & to h be5 pres]v$ 9 a phial1 duly atte/$ by ! ,patri>* ( ,j]usalem & o!r di/+ui%$ function>ies z g5u9e4 ,x 0 c>ri$ 9 triumph ?r\gh ! /reets ( ,london ) raptur\s %\t+s by a l>ge procession1 f ,/4 ,paul's to ,we/m9/] ,abbey1 & ! hi/orian te/ifies t x made all ,engl& radiant ) glory4 ,inde$1 !re has be5 en\gh ( ! s-call$ g5u9e blood t 0 %$ on ,calv>y giv5 to ! fai?ful to float ! l>ge/ %ip 9 ! navy ( ,great ,brita94 ,a suffici5t quantity ( ! real cross ^u :i* ,jesus is said to h be5 crucifi$ has be5 pres]v$ to erect ! l>ge/ temple ! _w ev] conta9$4 ,!re is no end to ! sup]/ition on ?is subject1 all go+ to %[ h[ deep-seat$ is ! cr$ulity :i* exi/s 9 ! popul> belief 9 reg>d to ?is matt]4 ,!re are _m illu/rations :i* might be giv5 ( 8blood-evocation0 among anci5t pagans :o reg>d$ blood z ! great arcanum ( nature4 ,b :at 0 ! orig9 ( ! idea t blood is purify+1 cleans+1 purg+8 ,!re is no?+ 9 ! ?+ itself t sugge/s ?is idea4 ,take a bas9ful ( newly-drawn blood & set x ^u ! table be=e y4 ,x soon coagulates1 & emits an (f5sive odor1 s t y are =c$ to hurry x f y\r pres5ce4 ,x is ! v opposite ( cleans+4 ,if y get a drop ^u y\r f+]1 y imm$iately wa% x (f4 ,inde$1 "s p]sons _c /& ! sight ( blood1 & %r9k f its t\* z f a deadly poison4 ,!re mu/ be "s reason = ! idea t 9 "s way blood is sugge/ive ( cleans+ or purify+4 ,n[1 we g to nature 9 se>* ( k4 ,!re is only "o ph5om5on 9 :i* ! %$d+ ( blood is a natural process1 & t is :5 ! "y girl arrives at ! /age ( pubesc5ce1 & 9 ?is case1 & 9 ?is case only1 does x sugge/ ! idea ( purification4 ,be=e ! p]iod approa*es no?+ c be m sugge/ive ( ! untidy ?an ! unpubesc5t girl4 ,%e is g5]ally awkw>d1 sl\*y1 & unattractive4 ,b let ! sangu9e\s evid5ce ( approa*+ womanhood appe>1 & h[ *ang$6 ,h] complexion becomes !n mo/ beautiful & bewit*+4 ,h] eyes sp>kle ) a fire :i* _c be describ$4 ,h] once ungraceful =m becomes li!1 & h] :ole p]son *anges 9 su* a mann] z to indicate t "s great ?+ has happ5$4 ,%e has be5 purifi$ or cleans$4 ,%e is a new creature4 ,old ?+s h pass$ away4 ,ea* succe$+ mon? %e has a simil> exp]i5ce until ! full bloom ( womanhood has pass$ away4 ,inde$1 we f9d among ! primitive cu/oms ( anci5t ,africans a special obs]vance ( ! comm5cem5t ( ! catam5ial p]iod4 ,be=e ! arrival ( ! "t ( p]iodicity ! "y girl is ( v little acc\nt1 & is n numb]$ z a memb] ( ! tribe4 ,x is n consid]$ indec5t = h] to run ar\nd 9 a /ate ( nudity until %e is f\rte5 ye>s ( age or until ! evid5ce ( pubesc5ce appe>s4 ,/anley says ( c]ta9 ,african girls3 8,!y wait ) impati5ce ! day :5 !y c be m>ri$ & h a clo? to fold ar\nd _! bodies40 ,!re 0 9 use among c]ta9 anci5t p1 n[ worn by ,ca?olic prie/s1 an apron kn[n z ! peplum1 :i* 0 worn aft] pub]ty4 ,! tribal m>k & totemic "n 7 conf]r$ 9 ! baptism ( blood4 ,a cov5ant 0 ent]$ into :i* 0 writt5 ) m5/ru\s blood1 because blood 0 ! ann\nc] ( ! female p]iod ( pubesc5ce4 ,f "t immemorial ! ,kaffirs h pres]v$ ! cu/om ( celebrat+ ! fir/ appe>ance ( ! m5/rual fl[4 ,all ! "y girls 9 ! neighborhood meet toge!r & make m]ry on ! happy occasion4 ,we are told by ,ir5u h[ ! fem99e ,logos 0 repres5t$ 9 ! my/]ies ( ,m>cus1 & ! w9e 0 suppos$ to be miracul\sly turn$ into blood1 & ,*>is1 :o 0 sup]ior to all ?+s1 0 ?\ght to infuse h] own blood into ! cup4 ,! cup 0 h&$ to ! wom51 :o also consecrat$ x ) an effusion ( blood proce$+ f !mselves4 ,x w\ld seem t ! blood ( ,*>is prec$$ ! blood ( ,*ri/1 & x is d\btful :e!r !re w\ld h be5 any cleans+ by ! blood ( ,*ri/ if !re _h be5 no purification by ! blood ( ,*>is4 ,?us ,nature's rubrics are writt5 9 r$4 ,! ,eu*>i/ is d]iv$ by ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria f ! mixture ( ! wat] & ! ,^w1 & he id5tifies ! ,^w ) ! blood ( ! grape4 ,we give ^! delicate h9ts = :at !y are wor?4 ,we h a deep conviction t ! conception ( ! idea ( purification by blood _h at fir/ "s connection ) ! natural issue ( blood at ! comm5cem5t ( p]iodicity 9 ! female4 ,9 ! ,eleus9ian ,my/]ies1 celebrat$ by pagans c5turies be=e ! pas*al supp] ( ! ,jews or ! ,"l's ,supp] ( ,*ri/ians1 ! elem5t ( blood 0 v conspicu\sly set =?1 & ,higg9s has %[n 9 8 ,anaealypsis t ! sacrifice ( bread & w9e 9 religi\s c]emonies 0 common among _m anci5t peoples1 ! w9e repres5t+ ! blood4 ,9 #ahhe a v rem>kable book appe>$1 entitl$ ,! ,blood ,cov5ant1 by ,rev4 ,h4 ,clay ,trumbull1 ,d4 ,d41 & we h obta9$ ! cons5t ( ?is au?or 7:om we h ! honor to recognize z an old & v de> p]sonal fri5d7 8to use any?+ we please1 9 any way we please1 )\t giv+ any cr$it40 ,= ?is p]mission we are truly ?ankful1 ?\gh we only avail ourself ( a few ( ! facts be>+ ^u ! po9t conc]n+ :i* we write4 ,our au?or says3 8,"o ( ^! primitive rites1 :i* is des]v+ ( m att5tion ?an x has yet receiv$1 z ?r[+ light on _m important phases ( ,bible-tea*+1 is ! rite ( blood-cov5ant+--a =m ( mutual cov5ant+ by :i* two p]sons ent] into ! close/1 ! mo/ endur+1 & ! mo/ sacr$ ( compacts z fri5ds & bro!rs1 or z m ?an bro!rs1 ?r\gh ! int]comm+l+ ( _! blood by means ( its mutual ta/+ or ( its transfusion4 ,?is rite is /ill obs]v$ 9 ! un*ang+ ,ea/2 & !re are hi/oric traces ( x f "t immemorial 9 e qu>t] ( ! globe1 yet x has be5 /rangely ov]look$ by biblical critics & biblical comm5tators g5]ally 9 ^! lat] c5turies4 8,al?\gh n[ comp>atively r>e1 9 view ( its responsibilities & ( its indissolubl5ess1 ?is cov5ant is sometimes ent]$ into by confid5tial p>tn]s 9 bus9ess or by fell[-travel]s2 aga91 by robb]s on ! road1 :o w\ld !mselves re/ fe>lessly on its obligations1 & :o c\ld be re/$ on )9 its limits1 h[ev] untru/wor?y !y or _! fell[s might be to any o!r compact4 ,yet1 aga91 x is ! *os5 compact ( lov+ fri5ds--( ^? :o are drawn to x only by mutual love & tru/4 8,!re are1 inde$1 v>i\s evid5ces t ! ! ( blood-cov5ant+ is reckon$ 9 ! ,ea/ ev5 a clos] tie ?an t ( natural desc5t--t a #8fri5d' by ?is tie is ne>] & is de>]1 #8/icke? clos]' ?an a #8bro!r' by bir?4 ,we 9 ! ,we/ are accu/om$ to say t #8 blood is ?ick] ?an wat]1' b ! ,arabs h ! idea t blood is ?ick] ?an a "m's milk4 ,) !m1 any two *ildr5 n\ri%$ at ! same brea/ are call$ #8milk-bro!rs' or #8suck+ bro!rs2' & ! tie betwe5 su* is v /rong4 8,lucian1 ! bright ,greek ?9k]1 writ+ 9 ! middle ( ! second c5tury ( our era1 is explicit z to ! nature & me?od ( ?is cov5ant z !n practis$ 9 ! ,ea/3 #8,& ?is is ! mann] ( x3 ,!reupon1 cutt+ our f+]s1 all simultane\sly1 we let ! blood drop into a vessel1 &1 hav+ dipp$ ! po9ts ( our swords into x1 bo? ( u hold+ !m toge!r1 we dr9k x4 ,!re is no?+ :i* c loose u f "o ano!r aft] t4' 8,yet1 a little :ile e>li] ?an ,lucian1 ,tacitus gives record ( ?is rite ( blood-bro!rhood z practis$ 9 ! ,ea/4 ,he makes an explanation3 #8,x is ! cu/om ( ,ori5tal k+s1 z (t5 z !y come toge!r to make cov5ant1 to jo9 "r h&s1 to tie ! ?umbs toge!r1 & to tight5 !m ) a knot4 ,!n1 :5 ! blood is ?us press$ to ! f+]-tips1 !y draw blood by a light /roke & lick x 9 turn4 ,?is !y reg>d z a div9e cov5ant1 made sacr$1 z x 71 by mutual blood or bl5d$ lives4' 8,sallu/1 ! hi/orian ( ,catil9e's conspiracy aga9/ ,rome1 says3 #8,!re 7 ^? :o said at t "t t ,catil9e at ?is conf]5ce1 :5 he induct$ !m into ! oa? ( p>tn]%ip 9 crime1 c>ri$ r\nd 9 goblets human blood mix$ ) w9e1 & t1 aft] all _h ta/$ ( x ) an imprecatory oa?1 z is m5's wont 9 solemn rites1 he op5$ to !m 8 plans4' ,florus1 a lat] ,lat9 hi/orian1 describ+ ?is conspiracy1 says3 #8,!re 0 add$ ! pl$ge ( ! league--human blood--:i* !y drank z x 0 borne r\nd to !m 9 goblets4' ,& yet lat] ,t]tullian sugge/s t x 0 _! own blood1 m+l$ ) w9e1 ( :i* ! fell[-conspirators drank toge!r4 #8,conc]n+ ! eat+ ( blood & o!r su* tragic di%es1' he says1 #8y read t blood drawn f ! arms & ta/$ by "o ano!r 0 ! me?od ( mak+ cov5ant among c]ta9 nations4' 8,z f> back ev5 z ! fif? c5tury be=e ,*ri/ we f9d an explicit description ( ?is ,ori5tal rite ( blood-cov5ant+4 #8,n[1 ! ,scy?ians1' says ,h]odotus1 #8make cov5ants 9 ! foll[+ mann]1 ) :omsoev] !y make !m3 ,hav+ p\r$ out w9e into a great e>!n dr9k+-b[l1 !y m+le ) x ! blood ( ^? mak+ cov5ant1 /rik+ ! body ) a small knife or cutt+ x slightly ) a sword4 ,!reaft] !y dip into ! b[l sword1 arr[s1 axe1 & javel94 ,b :ile !y are do+ ?is !y utt] _m invok+s1 & aft]w>d n only ^? :o make ! cov5ant1 b ^? ( _! foll[]s :o are ( ! highe/ rank1 dr9k (f ! w9e m+l$ ) blood4' 8,aga91 ,h]odotus says ( ?is cu/om 9 8 day3 #8,n[1 ! ,arabians rev]5ce 9 a v high degree pl$ges betwe5 man & man4 ,!y make ^! pl$ges 9 ! foll[+ way3 ,:5 !y wi% to make pl$ges to "o ano!r1 a ?ird man1 /&+ 9 ! mid/ ( ! two1 cuts ) a %>p /one ! inside ( ! h&s along ! ?umbs ( ! two mak+ ! pl$ges4 ,aft] t1 pluck+ "s wooll5 f ! g>m5ts ( ea* ( ! two1 he ano9ts ) ! blood sev5 /ones z ! 8heap ( witness0 :i* are set 9 ! mid/4 ,:ile he is do+ ?is he invokes ,dionysus & ,urania4 ,:5 ?is rite is complet$1 he t has made ! pl$ges introduces ! /rang] to 8 fri5ds1 or ! fell[-citiz5 to 8 fell[s if ! rite 0 p]=m$ ) a fell[-citiz54 8,go+ back1 n[1 to ! _w's mo/ anci5t records 9 ! monum5ts ( ,egypt1 we f9d evid5ce ( ! exi/5ce ( ! cov5ant ( blood 9 ^? e>ly days4 ,s f> 0 ?is symbolic ?\ght c>ri$ t ! anci5t ,egyptians spoke ( ! dep>t$ _s z hav+ ent]$ into ! nature1 &1 inde$1 into ! v be+1 ( ! gods by ! rite ( ta/+ blood f ! div9e arm4 8#8,! ,book ( ! ,dead1' z x is commonly call$1 is a gr\p1 or s]ies1 ( anci5t ,egyptian writ+s repres5t+ ! /ate & ! ne$s & ! progress ( ! s\l aft] dea?4 ,a copy ( ?is fun]eal ritual1 #8m or less complete accord+ to ! =tune ( ! deceas$1 0 deposit$ 9 ! case ( eveiy mummy4 #8,z ! ,book ( ! ,dead is ! mo/ anci5t1 s x is und\bt$ly ! mo/ important ( ! sacr$ books ( ! ,egyptians2' x is1 9 fact1 #8accord+ to ,egyptian notions1 ess5tially an inspir$ "w2' h5ce its cont5ts h an exceptional dogmatic value4 ,9 ?is book !re are sev]al obvi\s ref]5ces to ! rite ( blood-cov5ant+4 ,"s ( ^! are 9 a *apt] ( ! ritual :i* 0 f\nd transcrib$ 9 a c(f9 ( ! elev5? dyna/y1 ?us c>ry+ x back to a p]iod prior to ! days ( ! patri>*s4 8#8,give me y\r arm2 ,i am made z ye1' says ! dep>t$ s\l1 speak+ to ! gods4 ,!n1 9 explanation ( ?is /atem5t1 ! pre-hi/oric gloss ( ! ritual goes on to say3 #8,! blood is t :i* proce$s f ! memb] ( ! ,sun aft] he goes along cutt+ himself1' ! cov5ant blood :i* unites ! s\l & ! god is drawn f ! fle% ( ,ra :5 he has cut himself 9 ! rite ( t cov5ant4 ,by ?is cov5ant-cutt+ ! deceas$ becomes "o ) ! cov5ant+ gods4 ,aga91 ! dep>t+ s\l1 speak+ z ,osiris--or z ! ,osirian1 :i* e mummy repres5ts--says3 #8,i am ! s\l 9 8 two halves4' ,?is 0 at lea/ two ?\s& ye>s be=e ! days ( ! ,greek philosoph]4 ,h[ mu* e>li] x 0 recogniz$ does n appe>4 8,moreov]1 a #8r$ talisman1' or r$ amulet1 /a9$ ) #8! blood ( ,isis1' & conta9+ a record ( ! cov5ant1 0 plac$ at ! neck ( ! mummy z an assurance ( safety to 8 s\l4 #8,:5 ?is book ?is amulet-record has be5 made1' says ! ritual1 #8x causes ,isis to protect him4' #8,if ?is book is kn[n1' says ,horus1 #8he ! deceas$ is 9 ! s]vice ( ,osiris4444 ,8 "n is l t ( ! gods4'0 ,dr4 ,trumbull prop]ly rem>ks3 8,?us 9 anci5t ,egypt1 9 anci5t ,canaan1 9 anci5t ,mexico1 9 mod]n ,turkey1 9 mod]n ,russia1 9 mod]n ,india1 & 9 mod]n ,otaheite1 9 ,africa1 9 ,asia1 9 ,am]ica1 9 ,europe1 & 9 ,oceanica1 blood-giv+ 0 life-giv+4 ,life-giv+ 0 love-%[+4 ,love-%[+ 0 a he>t-ye>n+ aft] union 9 love & 9 life & 9 blood & 9 v be+4 ,t 0 ! primitive ?\ght 9 ! primitive religions ( all ! _w4 8,an anci5t ,*aldean leg5d1 z record$ by ,b]o-sus1 ascribes a new creation ( mank9d to ! mixture by ! gods ( ! du/ ( ! e>? ) ! blood t fl[$ f ! sev]$ head ( ! god ,belus4 #8,on ?is acc\nt x is t m5 are rational & p>take ( div9e k1' says ,b]osus4 ,! blood ( ! god gives !m ! life & nature ( a god4 ,yet1 aga91 ! e>ly ,phnician & ! e>ly ,greek !ogonies1 z record$ by ,san*onia?on & by ,hesiod1 ascribe ! vivify+ ( mank9d to ! outp\r$ blood ( ! gods4 ,x 0 f ! blood ( ,ouranos1 or ( ,saturn1 dripp+ into ! sea & m+l+ ) its foam1 t ,v5us 0 =m$1 to become ! "m ( h] h]oic po/]ity4 #8,! ,orphies1 :i* h borr[$ s l>gely f ! ,ea/1' says ,l5ormant1 #8said t ! immat]ial "p ( man1 8 s\l1 8 life1 sprang f ! blood ( ,dionysus ,zagreus1 :om444 ,titans _h torn to pieces1 p>tly dev\r+ 8 memb]s4' 8,hom] explicitly recognizes ?is univ]sal belief 9 ! p[] ( blood to convey life & to be a means ( revivify+ ! dead4 8,inde$1 x is claim$1 ) a %[ ( reason1 t ! v ^w 7surqu9u7 :i* 0 us$ = #8alt>' 9 ! ,assyrian 0 prim>ily ! ^w = #8table'--t1 9 fact1 :at 0 kn[n z ! #8alt>' to ! gods 0 orig9ally ! table ( communion betwe5 ! gods & _! wor%ipp]s40 ,f ! writ+s ( ,liv+/one1 ! ,african explor]1 z well z f ! reports ( ,/anley1 x appe>s t ! cu/om ( blood-cov5ant+ is kept up 9 ,africa 9 ^! mod]n times4 ,describ+ ! c]emony1 ,liv+/one says3 8,x is accompli%$ ?us3 ,! h&s ( ! p>ties are jo9$ 79 ?is case ,pitsane & ,sambanza 7 ! p>ties engag$74 ,small incisions are made on ! clasp$ h&s1 on ! pits ( ! /oma* ( ea*1 & on ! "r *eeks & =eheads4 ,a small quantity ( blood is tak5 f ^! po9ts1 9 bo? p>ties1 by means ( a /alk ( grass4 ,! blood f "o p]son is put into a pot ( be]1 & t ( ! second into ano!r2 ea* !n dr9ks ! o!r's blood1 & !y are suppos$ to become p]petual fri5ds or relations4 ,dur+ ! dr9k+ ( ! be] "s ( ! p>ty cont9ue beat+ ! gr\nd ) %ort clubs & utt] s5t5ces by way ( ratify+ ! treaty40 ,! primitive "* ( ^! cu/oms is ! m probable f ! fact t ,liv+/one fir/ f\nd !m exi/+ 9 a region :]e1 9 8 op9ion1 ! dress & h\sehold ut5sils ( ! p are id5tical ) ^? repres5t$ on ! monum5ts ( anci5t ,egypt4 ,conc]n+ ! orig9 ( ?is rite 9 ?is region1 ,cam]on says3 8,?is cu/om ( mak+ bro!rs1 ,i believe to be really ( ,semitic orig940 ,h5ry ,m4 ,/anley1 :o 0 s5t to rescue ,liv+/one1 gives _m int]e/+ acc\nts ( 8 exp]i5ce ) ! blood-cov5ant]s4 ,9 #ahga1 ,/anley enc\nt]$ ! =ces ( ,mirambo1 ! greate/ ( ,african w>riors4 ,!y agre$ to make 8/rong fri5d%ip0 ) ea* o!r4 ,! c]emony is ?us describ$3 8,manwa ,s]a1 ,/anley's #8*ief capta91' 0 reque/$ to seal our fri5d%ip by p]=m+ ! c]emony ( blood-bro!rhood betwe5 ,mirambo & myself4 ,hav+ caus$ u to sit front+ ea* o!r on a /raw c>pet1 he made an incision 9 ea* ( our "r legs1 f :i* he extract$ blood1 &1 int]*ang+ x1 he exclaim$ al\d1 ',if ei!r ( y break ?is bro!rhood n[ e/abli%$ betwe5 y1 may ! lion dev\r him1 ! s]p5t poison him1 bitt]ness be 9 8 food1 8 fri5ds des]t him1 8 gun bur/ 9 8 h&s & w\nd him1 & ev]y?+ t is bad d wrong to him until dea?4'0 ,! same blood n[ fl[$ 9 ! ve9s ( bo? ,/anley & ,mirambo4 ,!y 7 fri5ds & bro!rs 9 a sacr$ cov5ant--life = life4 ,at ! conclusion ( ! cov5ant !y ex*ang$ gifts1 z ! cu/om>y ratification or accompanim5t ( ! compact4 ,!y ev5 vi$ ) ea* o!r 9 pro(s ( _! unselfi% fidelity 9 ?is new cov5ant ( fri5d%ip4 ,aga9 & aga91 be=e & aft] ?is incid5t1 ,/anley ent]$ into ! cov5ant ( blood-bro!rhood ) repres5tative ,africans m ?an fifty times1 9 "s in/ances by ! op5+ ( 8 own ve9s2 at o!r times by all[+ "o ( 8 p]sonal escort to ble$ = him4 ,?us we see t 9 anci5t & mod]n times1 among all p & 9 all portions ( ! e>?1 ?is idea ( blood-fri5d%ip prevail$4 ,9 ! primitive ,ea/1 9 ! wild ,we/1 9 ! cold ,nor?1 & 9 ! torrid ,s\? ?is rite %[s itself4 8,x w be obs]v$10 says ,dr4 ,trumbull1 8t we h already not$ pro(s ( ! indep5d5t exi/5ce ( ?is rite ( blood-bro!rhood or blood-fri5d%ip among ! ?ree great primitive divisions ( ! race--! ,semitic1 ! ,hamitic1 & ! ,japhetic2 & ?is 9 ,asia1 ,africa1 ,europe1 ,am]ica1 & ! isl&s ( ! sea2 aga91 among ! five mod]n & m popul> divisions ( ! human family--,caucasian1 ,mongolian1 ,e?iopian1 ,malay1 & ,am]ican4 ,?is fact 9 itself w\ld seem to po9t to a common orig9 ( its v>i\s manife/ations 9 ! e>ly ,ori5tal home ( ! n[ scatt]$ peoples ( ! _w4 8,! ,egyptian amulet ( blood-fri5d%ip 0 r$1 z repres5t+ ! blood ( ! gods4 ,! ,egyptian ^w = 'r$' sometimes /ood = 'blood4' ,! sacr$ directions 9 ! ,book ( ! ,dead 7 writt5 9 r$2 h5ce foll[s our ^w #8rubric1' ,! ,rabbis say t :5 p]secution =bade ! we>+ ( ! phylact]ies ) safety1 a r$ ?read might be sub/itut$ = ?is tok5 ( ! cov5ant ) ! ,"l4 ,x 0 a r$ ?read :i* ,jo%ua gave to ,rahab z a tok5 ( h] cov5ant relations ) ! p ( ! ,"l4 ,! r$ ?read 9 ,*9a to-day b9ds ! d\ble cup f :i* ! bride & bridegroom dr9k _! cov5ant draught ( #8w$d+ w9e1' z if 9 symbolism ( ! cov5ant ( blood4 ,& x is a r$ ?read :i* 9 ,india to-day is us$ to b9d a sacr$ amulet ar\nd ! arm or ! neck4 ,among ! ,am]ican ,indians sc>let1 or r$1 is ! color :i* /&s = sacrifices or = sacrificial blood 9 all _! picture-pa9t+2 & ! %r9e1 or tunkan1 :i* cont9ues to h its devotees1 'is pa9t$ r$1 z a sign ( active or liv+ wor%ip4' ,! same is true ( ! %r9es 9 ,india2 ! color r$ %[s t wor%ip is /ill liv+ !re2 r$ cont9ues to /& = blood40 ,:5 a ,jewi% *ild is circumcis$1 x is commonly said ( him t he is caus$ 8to ent] into ! cov5ant ( ,abraham & 8 godfa!r or sponsor is call$ ,baal-be]i?1 ma/] ( ! cov5ant40 ,moreov]1 ev5 d[n to mod]n times ! rite ( circumcision has includ$ a recognition1 h[ev] unconsci\s1 ( ! primitive blood-fri5d%ip rite1 by ! cu/om ( ! a rabbi1 ,god's repres5tative1 receiv+ into 8 m\? ! prepuce or =esk9 t is cut f ! boy1 & !reby made a p>tak] ( ! blood m+l$ ) ! w9e accord+ to ! me?od describ$ among ! ,ori5tals1 9 ! rite ( blood-fri5d%ip1 f ! e>lie/ days ( hi/ory4 ,we make ?is /atem5t on ! te/imony ( ,buxtorf1 :o is a recogniz$ au?ority 9 matt]s ( ,jewi% cu/oms1 ?\gh he gives x 9 ,lat91 ) a view ( limit+ a k ( ! facts4 ,all t we h /at$ conc]n+ ! blood-cov5ant br+s u ne>] & ne>] to ! disgu/+ & bea/ly habit ( cannibalism4 ,dr4 ,trumbull says3 8,x w\ld ev5 seem to be indicat$1 by all ! tr5d ( hi/oric facts1 t cannibalism--gross1 repulsive1 inhuman cannibalism--_h its basis 9 man's p]v]sion ( ?is outrea*+ ( 8 nature 7:e!r t outrea*-+ 7 fir/ direct$ by revelation or by div9ely-giv5 innate prompt+s7 aft] int]-union & int]communion ) ,god1 aft] life 9 ,god's life1 & aft] gr[? ?r\gh ! p>tak+ ( ,god's food or ( t food :i* repres5ts ,god4 ,! /udies ( _m obs]v]s 9 widely-diff]5t fields h l$ bo? ! rationali/ic & ! fai?-fill$ /ud5t to conclude t 9 _! sph]e ( obs]vation x 0 a religi\s s5tim5t1 & n a m]e animal crav+--ei!r ?r\gh a sc>city ( food or f a _s ( malignity--t 0 at ! bottom ( cannibali/ic practices !re1 ev5 if t field 7 an exception to ! _w's fields g5]ally4 ,& n[ we h a glimpse ( ! nature & work+s ( t religi\s s5tim5t :i* prompt$ cannibalism :]ev] x has be5 practis$4 ,9 misdirect$ pursuance ( ?is ?\ght m5 h giv5 ! blood ( a consecrat$ human victim to br+ !mselves into union ) ,god2 & !n !y h eat5 ! fle% ( t victim :i* _h suppli$ ! blood :i* made !m "o ) ,god4 ,?is seems to be ! basis ( fact 9 ! premises1 :atev] may be ! und]/ood philosophy ( ! facts4 ,:y m5 reason$ ?us may inde$ be 9 "q4 ,t !y reason$ ?us seems evid5t4 ,c]ta9 x is1 t :]e cannibalism has be5 /udi$ 9 mod]n times x has commonly be5 f\nd to h _h orig9ally a religi\s basis2 & ! inf]5ce is a fair "o t x mu/ h be5 ! same :]ev] cannibalism exi/$ 9 e>li] times4 ,ev5 9 "s regions :]e cannibalism has long s9ce be5 prohibit$ !re are traditions & traces ( its =m] exi/5ce z a purely religi\s rite4 ,?us1 9 ,india little images ( fl\r pa/e or clay are n[ made = decapitation or o!r mutilation 9 ! temples1 9 av[$ imitation ( human be+s :o 7 once (f]$ & eat5 !re40 ,rville1 treat+ ( ! native religions ( ,mexico & ,p]u1 comes to a simil> conclusion ) ,dorman1 & he argues t ! /ate ( ?+s :i* 0 !re 0 ! same ! _w ov]1 s = z x relat$ to cannibalism4 8,cannibalism10 he says1 8:i* is n[ re/rict$ to a few ( ! savage tribes :o h rema9$ close/ to ! animal life1 0 once univ]sal to our race4 ,= no "o w\ld ev] h conceiv$ ! idea ( (f]+ to ! gods a k9d ( food :i* excit$ no?+ b disgu/ & horror40 ,9 ?is sugge/ion ,rville indicates 8 conviction t ! primal idea ( an alt> 0 a table ( blood-b\ght communion4 ,!re is some?+ t looks v mu* l cannibalism 9 ! six? *apt] ( ,john's ,gospel4 ,! ,jews murmur$ t ,jesus spoke ( himself z ! bread :i* came d[n f heav51 & inquir$1 8,h[ c ?is man give u ( 8 fle% to eat8 ,jesus !re=e said unto !m1 ,v]ily1 v]ily1 ,i say unto y1 ,except ye eat ! fle% ( ! ,son ( man & dr9k 8 blood ye h n life 9 y\rselves4 ,he t eate? my fle% & dr9ke? my blood ha? et]nal life2 & ,i w raise him up at ! la/ day4 ,= my fle% is meat inde$1 & my blood is dr9k inde$4 ,he t eate? my fle% & dr9ke? my blood abide? 9 me1 & ,i 9 him4 ,z ! liv+ ,fa!r s5t me1 & ,i live because ( ! ,fa!r2 s he t eate? me1 he also %all live because ( me4 ,?is is ! bread :i* came d[n out ( heav52 n z ! fa!rs did eat1 & di$2 he t eate? ?is bread %all live = ev]4 ,^! ?+s said he 9 ! synagogue1 z he taught 9 ,cap]naum40 ,?is 0 spok5 ne>ly two ye>s be=e he is said to h in/itut$ ! memorial ,supp]1 & has always be5 a my/]y to comm5tators1 ?\gh !y allege t ! :ole my/]y is expla9$ 9 ,john #f3 #fc3 8,x is ! _s t quick5e?2 ! fle% pr(ite? no?+3 ! words t ,i speak unto y1 !y are _s & !y are life40 ,?is seems to be v f>fet*$ inde$--an aft]?\ght4 ,x did n satisfy "s ( 8 disciples1 = 8f t "t _m ( 8 disciples w5t back1 & walk$ no m ) him40 ,f ?is simple idea ( secur+ fai?fulness by ! transfusion ( ! blood ( two p]sons seems to h come ! idea ( propitiat+ ! gods by (f]+ !m bloody sacrifices4 ,9 primitive times1 among b>b>\s & unciviliz$ peoples1 ! conception 0 univ]sal t ! gods 7 v mu* l !mselves1 & t !re=e !y w\ld be pleas$ ) pres5ts4 ,:5 (f5d$ !y c\ld be conciliat$1 & :5 "s crime _h be5 committ$ !y c\ld be induc$ to =give ! transgressor by "s valuable (f]+1 su* z ! fir/-fruits ( ! soil or ! mo/ immaculate animals ( ! flock4 ,?is idea ( obta9+ favors f ! invisible p[]s 0 c>ri$ to su* extremes t = ! honor ( humanity we %\ld feel incl9$ to d\bt ! mon/r\s /ories 7 !y n s well atte/$4 ,! (f]+ ( ^! sacrifices became s degrad$ & disgu/+ by sup]/ition t x end$ 9 ! belief t ! deity's ang] c\ld be appeas$1 8 rev5ge satisfi$1 8 vanity flatt]$1 & t he c\ld be made g5]ally pleas$1 by holocau/s ( human be+s2 s t ! m co/ly ! sacrifice1 ! m c]ta9 0 ! deity to smile ^u ! donor4 ,! ,molo*-wor%ip1 ! "m plac+ ! babe 9 ! arms ( ! mon/r\s idol & see+ x burn$ be=e h] own eyes1 seems to exhau/ ! horrors ( human +5uity4 ,we h only space to /ate t ^! abom9ations prevail$ ov] mo/ ( ! hea!n _w :5 ! ,old-,te/am5t rites & c]emonies came into use among ! ,jews4 ,we f9d ! cu/om ( (f]+ sacrifices 9 ! e>ly pages ( ,g5esis1 :5 x l$ to ! fir/ murd]4 ,ca9's sacrifice1 sac]dotal-i/s tell u1 0 n accept$ by ,jehovah because !re 0 no blood 9 x1 z !re 0 9 ! (f]+ ( ,abel4 ,abraham 0 ab\t to slay 8 own son :5 ! blood ( a ram 0 provid$ in/ead2 &1 9 fact1 all ! ,bible patri>*s sacrific$1 & ! exodus f ,egypt itself 0 br\ght ab\t "u ! pret5ce t ! p _h to g to ! des]t to (f] _! accu/om$ sacrifice4 ,! ,jews borr[$ _! idea ( sacrifice f ! hea!n1 & sometimes 7 m hea!ni% ?an ! hea!ns !mselves4 ,?\s&s & ?\s&s ( innoc5t animals 7 cruelly but*]$ = sacrifice1 z ! ,jews 7 full ( ,egyptian rem9isc5ces on "o h& & ( ,canaaniti% modes ( wor%ip on ! o!r4 ,x is said t ,jehovah all[$ ^! abom9ations because ( ! ignorance ( ^! p & _! h>dness ( he>t1 le/ !y might despise a nak$ religion & be dazzl$ by ! impos+ c]emonies by :i* !y 7 surr\nd$4 ,! :ole sy/em ( bloody sacrifices 0 bas$ ^u an?ropomorphic conceptions ( _! ,jehovah1 to :om ! 8agreeable smell0 ( ! blood 0 a sweet satisfaction4 ,! ,jews adopt$ ! v wor/ features ( paganism 9 reg>d to ^! bloody sacrifices1 :i* !y (f]$ on all occasions--s mu* s t _! prophets cri$ out aga9/ !m & ,jehovah himself d5\nc$ !m4 ,! life or blood ( ! animal 0 di/9ctly said to make 8! atonem5t = ! s\l40 ,?is notion ( a repres5tative victim is "o t belong$ to ! :ole anci5t _w1 z c be se5 by ref]5ce to any ( ! great cyclopa$ias4 ,x 0 adopt$ by ! ,jews1 n reveal$ to !m by ,jehovah4 ,! scape-goat 7,lev4 #af7 & _m o!r cases ( seem+ly expiatory sacrifices are embodim5ts ( ?is idea1 :i* 0 adopt$ by ,*ri/ianity directly f ,judaism1 ^: prie/s _h adopt$ x f o!r p4 ,! practice ( bloody (f]+s 0 common to ,h9doos1 ,assyrians1 ,phnicians1 ,greeks1 & ,nor?m54 ,!re is a ,h9doo ritual = human z well z = brute animals set =? 9 ,asiatic ,rese>*es4 ,9 ,fragm5ts ( ,san*onia?on1 ,kronos sacrifices 8 8only son0 to 8 fa!r ,ouranos1 8 8fa!r 9 heav540 ,agamemnon sacrific$ 8 daught]1 ,iphig5eia1 be=e go+ to ,troy1 & ,polyx5a1 daught] ( ,priam1 0 immolat$ on ! tomb ( ,a*illes to 8 manes4 ,repeat$ly 9 ! ,punic w>s *ildr5 ( noble families 7 burn$ alive to sculapius1 god ( m$ic9e4 ,burn+ at ! /ake & hang+ ^u a gibbet 7 sacrifices to appease ! div9e ju/ice4 ,9 %ort1 all bloody sacrifices 7 propitiatory1 to appease ! rage ( hung] 9 a fami%$ god4 ,blood 0 excell5t1 because its aroma 0 ! vehicle ( life1 & s af=d$ support to life4 ,9 ,hom]'s ,odyssey1 ,ulysses slays animals be=e ! gho/s ( ,hades1 & ^! run up to be n\ri%$ by ! blood4 ,he draws 8 sword1 ru%es ^u !m1 & drives !m away4 ,!n1 select+ "o ) :om he wi%es to talk1 he fe$s him ) ! invigorat+ vapor1 & ! gho/ is !n made /rong en\gh to talk4 ,b none ( ^! sacrifices 7 /rictly vic>i\s4 ,! old gods 7 angry at neglect1 b nev] _h ! k9d ( ju/ice t a %eep or goat or c[ c\ld n appease4 ,! ,jews 7 n unfamili> ) human sacrifices 7,lev4 #bg3bh1bi2 ,judg4 #aa3cj-ci71 & ev5 ! e>ly ,*ri/ians are said to h (f]$ bloody sacrifices ( human be+s4 ,! deification ( ,jesus to correspond ) ! apo!osis ( o!r p]sonages requir$ a div9e p>5tage4 ,?is idea 0 n gott5 up until ! second ,*ri/ian c5tury4 ,ju/9 made ,jesus a second god4 ,b ! e>li] ,fa!rs did n connect ! notion ( ! vic>i\s atonem5t ) t ( orig9al s9 & total depravity4 ,basilides ma9ta9$ t p5al suff]+ or suff]+ = purposes ( ju/ice ( necessity implies p]sonal crim9ality 9 ! suff]]1 & !re=e _c be endur$ by an innoc5t p]son z a sub/itute4 ,pr(4 ,rob]tson ,smi?1 ,,ll4,d41 9 ! ,encyclopa$ia ,britannica1 9 8 le>n$ article on 8,sacrifice1 says "p3 8,:]e we f9d a practice ( sacrific+ honorific gifts to ! gods1 we usually f9d also c]ta9 o!r sacrifices :i* resemble ^? already *>act]iz$1 to be consum$ 9 sacr$ c]emony1 b diff] f !m1 inasmu* z ! sacrifice--usually a liv+ victim--is n reg>d$ z a tribute ( honor to ! god1 b has a special or my/ic significance4 ,! mo/ famili> case ( ?is second species ( sacrifice is t :i* ! ,romans di/+ui%$ f ! ho/ia honor>ia by ! "n ( ho/ia piacul>is4 ,9 ! =m] case ! deity accepts a gift2 9 ! latt]1 he dem&s a life4 ,! =m] k9d ( sacrifice is (f]$ by ! wor%ipp] on ! basis ( an e/abli%$ relation ( fri5dly dep5d5ce on 8 div9e "l2 ! latt] is direct$ to appease ! div9e ang] or to conciliate ! favor ( a deity on :om ! wor%ipp] has no "r to c\nt0 7vol4 xxi4 p44 #acb74 ,piaml> ,sacrifices4--8,! idea ( sub/itution is widespread among all e>ly religions1 & is f\nd 9 honorific z well z piacul> rites4 ,9 all su* cases ! idea is t ! sub/itute %all imitate z closely z is possible or conv5i5t ! victim ^: place x supplies2 & s 9 piacul> c]emonies ! god may inde$ accept "o life = ano!r1 or c]ta9 select lives to atone = ! guilt ( a :ole community2 b ^! lives ought to be ( ! guilty k91 j z 9 blood-rev5ge ! dea? ( any k9sman ( ! manslay] satisfies ju/ice4 ,h5ce su* rites z ! ,semitic sacrifices ( *ildr5 by _! fa!rs ,molo*1 ! sacrifice ( ,iphig5eia & simil> cases among ! ,greeks1 inasmu* z some?+ is giv5 up by ! wor%ipp]s nor ! (f]+ up ( boys to ! goddess ,mania at ,rome4444 8,9 advanc$ societies ! t5d5cy is to modify ! horrors ( ! ritual1 ei!r by accept+ an effusion ( blood )\t actually slay+ ! victim--e4 g4 9 ! flagellation ( ! ,sp>tan lads--or by a fur!r ext5sion ( ! doctr9e ( sub/itution3 ! ,romans1 = example1 sub/itut$ puppets = ! human sacrifices to ,mania1 & ca/ ru% dolls into ! ,tib]1 at ! ye>ly aton+ sacrifice on ! ,sublician ,bridge4 ,m usually1 h[ev]1 ! life ( an animal is accept$ by ! god 9 place ( a human life4444 ,among ! ,egyptians ! victim 0 m>k$ ) a seal be>+ ! image ( a man b\nd & kneel+ ) a sword at 8 ?roat4 ,& (t5 we f9d a c]emonial lay+ ( ! s9 to be expiat$ on ! head ( ! victim 7,h]od1 ii4 #ci2 ,lev4 #d3 #d1 comp>$ ) #ad3 #ba74 8,9 su* piacul> rites ! god dem&s only ! life ( ! victim1 :i* is sometimes indicat$ by a special ritual ) ! blood 7z among ! ,hebrews ! blood ( ! s9-(f]+ 0 appli$ to ! horns ( ! alt> or to ! m]cy-seat )9 ! veil71 & !re is no sacrificial meal4 ,?us1 among ! ,greeks ! c>case ( ! victim 0 buri$ or ca/ into ! sea comp1 ) mo/ important ,hebrew s9-(f]+s & sacrifice ( *ildr5 to ,molo*--outside ! camp or city4 8,:5 ! fle% ( ! sacrifice is consum$ by ! prie/s1 z ) c]ta9 ,roman piacula & ,hebrew s9-(f]+s1 ! sacrificial fle% is seem+ly a gift accept$ by ! deity & assign$ by him to ! prie/s1 s t ! di/9ction betwe5 a honorific & a piacul> sacrifice is p>tly oblit]at$4 ,b ?is is n h>d to und]/&2 = j z a blood-rite takes ! place ( blood-rev5ge 9 human ju/ice1 s an (f5ce aga9/ ! gods may 9 c]ta9 cases be r$eem$ by a f9e 7e4 g4 ,h]od1 ii4 #fe7 or a sacrificial gift4 ,?is seems to h be5 ! orig9 ( ! ,hebrew trespass-(f]+ 7p4 #acf74 8,! mo/ curi\s developm5ts ( piacul> sacrifice take place 9 ! wor%ip ( deities ( ! totem type4 ,"h ! natural sub/itute = ! dea? ( a crim9al ( ! tribe is an animal ( ! k9d ) :i* ! wor%ipp]s & _! god alike c\nt k9dr$--an animal1 t is1 :i* mu/ n be (f]$ 9 a sacrificial fea/1 & :i* inde$ x is impi\s to kill4 ,?us1 ,hecat 0 invok$ z a dog1 & dogs 7 h] piacul> sacrifices4 ,& 9 l mann] 9 ,egypt ! piacul> sacrifice ( ! c[-goddess ,isis-,ha?or 0 a bull1 & ! sacrifice 0 accompani$ by lam5tations z at ! fun]al ( a k9sman40 ,"u ! head ( ,my/ical or ,sacram5tal ,sacrifices--i4 e4 sacrifices at initiations & 9 ! ,my/]ies3 8,accord+ to ,julian1 ! my/ical sacrifices ( ! cities ( ! ,roman empire 7444 (f]$ once or twice a ye>1 & consi/$ ( su* victims z ! dog ( ,hecat1 :i* might n ord9>ily be eat5 or us$ to furni% =? ! tables ( ! gods4444 ,! my/ic sacrifices seem always to h _h an aton+ efficacy2 _! special feature is t ! victim is n simply sla9 & burn$ or ca/ away1 b t ! wor%ipp]s p>take ( ! body & blood ( ! sacr$ animal1 & t s 8 life passes1 z x 71 into _! lives & knits !m to ! deity 9 liv+ communion4 8,9 ! ,old ,te/am5t ! hea!n my/]ies seem to appe> z c]emonies ( initiation by :i* a man 0 introduc$ into a new wor%ip4444 ,b orig9ally ! initiation mu/ h be5 introduction into a p>ticul> social community4444 ,f ?is po9t ( view ! sacram5tal rites ( my/ical sacrifice are a =m ( blood-cov5ant4444 ,9 all ! =ms ( blood-cov5ant1 :e!r a sacrifice is (f]$ or ! ve9s ( ! p>ties op5$ & _! own blood us$1 ! idea is ! same3 ! bond creat$ is a bond ( k9dr$1 because "o blood is n[ 9 ! ve9s ( all :o h %>$ ! c]emony40 ,a le>n$ fri5d writes me3 8,i d\bt :e!r a real di/9ction c be made betwe5 propitiatory & expiatory sacrifices4 ,propitiation is by expiation4 ,! basic idea 9 all sacrifices ( t nature appe>s to be sub/itution2 t is1 some?+ tak+ ! place ( ! (f5d]4444 ,x seems t ! basis ( all sacrifice is to be f\nd 9 a relation%ip1 or k9%ip 7?r\gh blood71 betwe5 ! deity--:o is only ! repres5tative ( ! tribal head reg>d$ z /ill liv+ 9 ! _s-_w--& ! wor%ipp]4 8,i may add t ! idea ( pollution by wrongdo+--i4 e4 (f5d+ ! tribal deity--to be got rid ( only by ! %$d+ ( blood1 is n unkn[n to s-call$ savages4 ,?is applies especially to (f5ces aga9/ *a/ity1 z ) ! ,ml]s ( ,rajmahal1 ,india1 & ! ,dyaks ( ,borneo4 ,! pig is ! animal usually sacrific$--probably because x is ! mo/ valuable animal food4 ,! ,pdam ,abors ( ,assam look ^u all crimes z public pollutions :i* require to be wa%$ away by a public sacrifice4 ,"h we h ! idea ( cleans+ by ! application ( blood1 & ?is appe>s to be ! idea also ) ! ,ml]s1 & probably among ! aborig9al hill-tribes ( ,india g5]ally40 ,momms51 ! ,roman hi/orian1 says3 8,at ! v core ( ! ,lat9 religion !re lay t pr(\nd moral impulse :i* leads m5 to br+ e>?ly guilt & e>?ly puni%m5t into relation ) ! _w ( ! gods1 & to view ! =m] z a crime aga9/ ! gods1 & ! latt] z its expiation4 ,! execution ( ! crim9al condemn$ to dea? 0 z mu* an expiatory sacrifice (f]$ to ! div9ity z 0 ! kill+ ( an enemy 9 j w>2 ! ?ief :o by night /ole ! fruits ( ! field paid ! p5alty to ,c]es on ! gall[s1 j z ! enemy paid x to "m e>? & ! good spirits on ! field ( battle4 ,! fe>ful idea ( sub/itution also meets u "h3 :5 ! gods ( ! community 7 angry1 & nobody c\ld be laid hold ( z def9itely guilty1 !y might be appeas$ by "o :o volunt>ily gave himself up 7devov]e se740 ,b x 0 left = ,anselm ( ,cant]bury1 late 9 ! elev5? c5tury1 to fir/ =mulate ! doctr9e ( vic>i\s atonem5t4 ,be=e ?is !re seem$ to be among ! !ologians ! idea t 9 "s way ,*ri/ came to re/ore1 at lea/ 9 "p1 all t 0 lo/ 9 ,adam4 ,dur+ ! fir/ f\r c5turies ( ! ,*ri/ian era !re seems to h be5 no fix$ op9ion z to :e!r !re 0 a ransom-price paid to ,god or ! devil4 ,"u ! article 8,devil 9 ! ,encyclopdia ,britannica x is said3 8,he ! devil 01 accord+ to ,cyprian 7,de ,unitate ,ecd471 ! au?or ( all h]esies & delusions3 he held man by reason ( 8 s9 9 rightful possession1 & man c\ld only be rescu$ f 8 p[] by ! ransom ( ,*ri/'s blood4 ,?is extraord9>y idea ( a paym5t or satisfaction to ! devil be+ made by ,*ri/ z ! price ( man's salvation is f\nd bo? 9 ,ir5u 7,adv4 ,hc]41 v4 #a4 #a47 & 9 ,orig51 & may be said to h held its sway 9 ! ,*ur* = a ?\s& ye>s4 ,& yet ,orig5 is cr$it$ ) ! op9ion t1 bad z ! devil 01 he 0 n altoge!r beyond hope ( p>don4 ,x w\ld be t$i\s to note ! v>i\s views t h prevail$ among !ologians to ! pres5t day4 ,"s hold t ! (f]+ 0 made to ,god to satisfy div9e ju/ice2 o!rs hold t x 0 a comm]cial transaction--s mu* blood = s _m s\ls2 & /ill o!rs reg>d ! :ole z a gov]nm5tal display to impress ! _w ) a s5se ( ! hatefulness ( s94 ,calv9i/s seem to ?9k t ! atonem5t 0 only made = ! elect1 b t ! blood ( ,*ri/ _h suffici5t m]it to save ! :ole _w4 ,roman ,ca?olics hold t x is ! lit]al1 mat]ial blood ( ,*ri/ t saves ! s9n]1 & h5ce _! extreme belief 9 ! dogma ( transub/antiation1 ! real body & blood ( ,jesus be+ (f]$ 9 ! sacrifice ( ! ,mass1 & tak5 by ! p5it5t 9 ! ,holy ,communion4 ,prote/ants g5]ally hold to a sort ( consub/antiation--a sort ( real pres5ce 9 ! sacram5t2 :ile p]sons ( intellig5ce pr(ess to believe t ?is :ole !ory ( blood-salvation is only to be accept$ 9 a figurative s5se4 ,! fact is1 t ! :ole s*eme ( vic>i\s atonem5t is an anci5t sup]/ition1 ?\gh taught 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 & is absurd & unphilosophical1 & false 9 pr9ciple & 9 practice1 z we %all h]eaft] %[4 ,we leave altoge!r out ( view ! logical conclusion t if ! blood %$ by ,jesus 0 ! blood ( a man1 x c\ld h _h no m efficacy ?an ! blood ( any o!r human be+1 & t if ! blood %$ 0 ! blood ( a ,god1 ! v m5tion ( ! ?\ght is absurd & blasphem\s 9 ! extreme4 ,x is nons5se to say t x 0 ! union ( ! div9e ) ! human nature t gave ! blood ( ,*ri/ its peculi> efficacy--t ! alt> sanctifies ! gift = if ! blood 0 *ang$ by ! man be+ unit$ ) ! ,god1 x 0 n human blood1 b ! blood ( a div9e man4 ,n[1 !re is no evid5ce t ! blood ( ,jesus 7suppos+ t he 0 crucifi$7 diff]$ 9 its ess5tial qualities f o!r human blood4 ,if analyz$ by ! *emi/1 x w\ld h be5 f\nd to conta9 only ! con/itu5t p>ticles :i* belong to human blood4 ,! :ite & r$ corpuscles & o!r *emical prop]ties w\ld h be5 f\nd 9 x4 ,! dogma ( blood-salvation z held by ,romani/s is cannibalism1 pure & simple1 & z held by ,prote/ants x is %e] sup]/ition1 )\t "o gra9 ( reason to support x4 ,x has no analogy 9 nature1 nor 9 ! philosophy ( legal jurisprud5ce z held & practis$ by ! mo/ enlight5$ nations ( ! _w4 ,x seems to u t ! doctr9e ( vic>i\s atonem5t is n only immoral1 b demoraliz+4 ,x repres5ts ,god z puni%+ ! innoc5t = ! guilty to make x possible to =give ! guilty4 ,?is is inconsi/5t ) ! et]nal pr9ciples ( ju/ice & rightfulness4 ,x mu/ h a demoraliz+ influ5ce ^u ! m9d & consci5ce ( ! s9n]1 to be told t 8 s9s are already aton$ =1 & he only ne$ to be cleans$ by ! blood ( ,*ri/2 & ?is is to be obta9$ by simple fai? & tru/6 ,believe t ,jesus %$ 8 blood = y1 & t he is wait+ & anxi\s to apply x 9 wa%+ away y\r guilt1 & x is done6 ,!n z (t5 z y s9 aft]w>d y ne$ only g ?r\gh ! same process to secure p>don6 ,! eas9ess ) :i* s9s may be blott$ out & wa%$ away mu/ h a demoraliz+ influ5ce ^u un$ucat$ m9ds1 ?\gh truly intellig5t p]sons may n reason 9 ?is way4 ,! l[ /ate ( morals among ^? :o really believe 9 ?is device = ! =giv5ess ( s9s may ?us be acc\nt$ =4 ,! num]\s defalcations & d[nright !fts among ! high] classes ( ,*ri/ians1 & ! petty ly+ & /eal+ among ! great mass ( ,ca?olics & ,prote/ants1 are notori\s1 & c be trac$1 we ?9k1 to ! easy me?ods ( gett+ rid ( ! consequ5cees ( wrong-do+4 ,our prison-/ati/ics are truly sugge/ive1 & %\ld be c>efully /udi$4 ,free?9k]s are f> 9 advance ( ,*ri/ians 9 ! matt] ( practical morality4 ,_m ( ^? :om ! c\rts exclude z witnesses1 because !y d n accept c]ta9 religi\s dogmas1 are pre-em95tly tru?ful1 & w\ld soon] die ?an tell a falsehood4 ,!y d n rely ^u ! blood ( ,jesus to wa% away ! vile/ s9s & make !m :ite z sn[4 ,our /atesm5 are beg9n+ to f9d out t our sy/em ( p>don is mo/ p]nici\s4 ,to relieve f ! consequ5ces ( wrong-do+ ?r\gh a div9e contrivance ( ! vic>i\s suff]+s ( an innoc5t p]son1 & t human disob$i5ce is made all "r z to consequ5ces by ?is ob$i5ce ( a div9e-human p]son1 does n comm5d itself to ! intellig5ce ( ?is n9ete5? c5tury4 ,! answ] ( !ologians to ?is *>ge is famili> & speci\s en\gh1 b x is n practically accept$ by ! common p4 ,:5 a *ild ent]s ! ,sunday-s*ool room1 & 8 eyes re/ ^u ! conspicu\s plac>d1 8,jesus ,paid x ,all0 ! natural inf]5ce is !re is no?+ m to pay1 no?+ to d b to accept ! free gift4 ,?\s&s ( ignorant p]sons1 ,ca?olics & ,prote/ants1 no d\bt secretly accept & rely ^u ?is easy device to cov] up _! num]\s %ortcom+s & misdo+s4 ,?is doctr9e is a welcome "o 9 ! murd]]'s cell & ^u ! plat=m ( ! gall[s4 ,9 ?\s&s ( uncultivat$ m9ds ! ?\ght is no d\bt deeply hidd5 t ab\t ! sure/ way to get to heav5 is to commit a murd] & h ! 8b5efit ( cl]gy10 & 9 due "t to be 8j]k$ to ,jesus0 7z describ$ by a ,we/]n j\rnal7 by ! hangman's rope4 ,:y %\ld x n be s8 ,! vic>i\s atonem5t has be5 made1 & is be+ made 9 ! ,mass1 & !y h only to accept x4 ,two prie/s or m9i/]s actually oppos$ ! po/ponem5t ( ! execution ( a c]ta9 murd]] on ! gr\nd t he !n believ$ 9 ,jesus1 b t if execution 0 po/pon$ !y did n "k t he w\ld cont9ue to 8believe10 & t 8 s\l might ?us be lo/6 ,suppose t our ,/ate au?orities %\ld proclaim 9 advance free p>don & a pr9cely palace to all lawbreak]s on ! simple condition ( tru/+ 9 ! m$iatorial int]position & sub/itution ( ano!r1 already made & accept$2 :at w\ld be ! effect on public morals8 ,! sy/em ( r$emption & p>don set =? 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t is inf9itely m ?an ?is1 & mu/ be demoraliz+4 ,all public (fic]s "k ! evil effects ( ! p>don sy/em1 & h[ ev5 ! fa9te/ hope ( p>don enc\rages crime1 & h[ c]ta9ly a free p>don is almo/ sure to be foll[$ by a life ( increas$ crim9ality4 ,!re %\ld be no su* ?+ z p>don 9 our ,/ate jurisprud5ce--no 8bo>d ( p>dons0 & no 8ex]cise ( ! executive clem5cy40 ,if a convict is believ$ to h be5 wrongly imprison$1 or by aft]-discov]$ evid5ce is f\nd to be innoc5t1 let no 8p>don bo>d0 or 8executive0 int]f]e1 b let ! case g back to ! c\rt t convict$ him or to "o ( l jurisdiction1 & let ! case be judicially review$ 9 ! light ( evid5ce2 & if ! accus$ is f\nd innoc5t1 let him be honorably acquitt$1 or if guilty rem&$ to prison4 ,!re is no?+ 9 reason1 philosophy1 or sci5ce t approves ! !ologie me?od ( deal+ ) (f5d]s4 ,x violates e pr9ciple ( ju/ice1 & has n "o s+le quality ( rightfulness 9 x4 ,x is a fiction pure & simple1 9 =m & 9 fact4 ,macaulay well said ( ?is r$emptive s*eme1 8,x resembles no?+ s mu* z a =g$ bond1 ) a =g$ release endors$ ^u its back40 ,gregg pung5tly put x ?us3 8,x looks v mu* l an impossible debt paid 9 inconceivable co92 or a legal fiction purely gratuit\s got rid ( by :at looks l a legal *ican]y purely fanciful4 ,x gives unwor?y conceptions ( ,god z "o delight+ 9 ! blood ( human be+s1 & ev5 sugge/s ! disgu/+ practices ( cannibalism4 ,x is a relic ( ! anci5t b>b>ic feti*ism borr[$ f savages by sac]dotali/s = purposes ( prie/craft1 & %\ld be sc\t$ by all hone/ & intellig5t m540 ,! sev]ely or?odox ,rev4 ,pr(essor ,%$d1 z well z ,dr4 ,prie/ley1 admits t !re 0 no sci5tific con/ruction ( ! doctr9e ( ! atonem5t 9 ! writ+s ( ! apo/olic ,fa!rs 7,hi/1 ( ,doc41 vol4 ii41 p4 #bjh74 ,! doctr9e 0 evid5tly manufactur$ :5 ! ,romi% ,*ur* 0 evolv$ out ( ! innum]able sects ( e>ly ,*ri/5dom1 & 0 en=c$ by :olesale excommunication ( diss5t]s & ! dea? p5alty4 ,*ri/ianity 0 plant$ 9 ,g]many1 ,prussia1 & ,sw$5 by milit>y p[]4 ,! ,saxons 7 8conv]t$0 by ,*>lemagne4 ,all ! secret religions h a god or demi-god put to dea?4 ,ev5 ! ,freemasons h ,hiram ,abiff4 ,! dea? ( ,osiris 0 ! c5tral po9t 9 ! ,egyptian sy/em4 ,he 0 kill$ by ,se? or ,typhon1 & return$ to life z ,rat-,am5ti1 ! judge4 ,9 ,egypt1 ,*ri/ianity m\ld$ its doctr9es ( ! ,tr9ity1 atonem5t1 & 8"m ( ,god40 ,! ,osirian !ology 0 graft$ on ! ,*ri/ian /ock1 if inde$ ! ,*ri/ian sy/em 0 n an evolution ( ,osirianism2 & ( ?is ! mon/r\s concoction kn[n z vic>i\s atonem5t 0 made1 & ?ru/ d[n m5's ?roats by ?reats ( hell & ! visits ( ! execution]4 ,we might ext5d our rem>ks ^u ?is subject indef9itely1 b we h n space4 ,we h se5 t blood-salvation did n orig9ate ) ei!r ,jews or ,*ri/ians4 ,dr4 ,trumbull has prov$ ?is ov] & ov] aga91 & ,kurtz1 an or?odox writ]1 has admitt$ ?is fact4 ,he says3 8,a comp>ison ( ! religi\s symbols ( ! ,old ,te/am5t ) ^? ( anci5t hea!ndom %[s t ! gr\nd & ! />t+-po9t ( ^? =ms ( religion :i* f\nd _! appropriate expressions 9 symbols 0 ! same 9 all cases2 :ile ! hi/ory ( civilization proves t on ?is po9t priority _c be claim$ by ! ,israelites4 ,b :5 in/itut+ su* an inquiry we %all also f9d t ! symbols :i* 7 transf]r$ f ! religions ( nature to t ( ! _s fir/ pass$ ?r\gh ! fire ( div9e purification1 f :i* !y issu$ z ! di/9ctive !ology ( ! ,jews1 ! dross ( a pan!i/ic deification ( nature hav+ be5 consum$40 ,all ?is is v frank1 b we %\ld n ov]look ! fact1 s cle>ly e/abli%$1 t ?is doctr9e ( cleans+ blood1 s con/antly taught 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t & proclaim$ f e or?odox pulpit 9 ! l&1 0 n a div9e revelation specially made to ,jews or ,*ri/ians1 b has be5 adopt$ & modifi$ f ! religions ( nature1 celebrat$ 9 all p>ts ( ! _w by ! mo/ b>b>\s peoples 9 ! remote/ p]iods ( "t4 ,inde$1 ! m gross & savage ! p1 ! m disgu/+ has be5 ?is doctr9e ( blood-salvation4 ,dr4 ,trumbull c\ld only ?9k ( two possible ways ( expla9+ ^! m>vell\s ?+s3 8,h[ x came to pass t m5 ev]y:]e 7 s g5]ally agre$ on ! ma9 symbols ( _! religi\s ye>n+s1 & _! religi\s hopes 9 ?is realm ( _! aspirations1 is a "q :i* obvi\sly admits ( two possible answ]s4 ,a common revelation f ,god may h be5 giv5 to primitive man1 & all ^! v>y+ yet relat$ indications ( religi\s /riv+s & aim may be b ! p]v]t$ rema9s ( ! lessons ( t misus$ or slight$ revelation4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,god may orig9ally h implant$ ! g]ms ( a common religi\s ?\ght 9 ! m9d ( man1 & !n h adapt$ 8 successive revelations to ! outwork+ ( ^? g]ms4 ,:i*ev] view ( ! probable orig9 ( ^! common symbolisms1 all ! _w ov]1 be adopt$ by any ,*ri/ian /ud5t1 ! importance ( ! symbolisms !mselves1 9 _! relation to ! tru?s ( revelation1 is manife/ly ! same4444 8,because ! primitive rite ( blood-cov5ant+ 0 well kn[n 9 ! l&s ( ! ,bible at ! "t ( ! writ+ ( ! ,bible1 = t v reason we are n to look to ! ,bible = a specific explanation ( ! rite itself1 ev5 :]e !re are incid5tal ref]5ces 9 ! ,bible to ! rite & its obs]vances2 b1 on ! o!r h&1 we are to f9d an explanation ( ! biblical illu/rations ( ! primitive rite 9 ! und]/&+ ( t rite :i* we ga9 f outside s\rces4 ,^! assumptions are v flimsy /uff ^u :i* to f\nd ! mo/ prom95t & my/]i\s doctr9e ( ! or?odox ,*ri/ian religion1 mak+ x ! ,alpha & ,omega ( ! :ole 8s*eme ( r$emption0 ,to witness ! mumm]ies ( ,roman ,ca?olic prie/s & ! manipulations ( ,prote/ant m9i/]s 9 ! celebration ( ! 8,eu*>i/ic ,fea/0 or 8,holy ,communion0 is en\gh to lead a truly intellig5t man to wond] :y ^! celebrants d n laugh ea* o!r 9 ! face4 ,ev5 our ,univ]sali/ & ,unit>ian m9i/]s sometimes indulge 9 ?is hea!n div]sion1 ?\gh "s ( !m deeply feel ! absurdity ( ! rite1 & ! consequ5t humiliation to :i* !y are subject$4 ,nev]!less1 "s ( our mo/ pr(\nd /atesm51 :5 ab\t to die1 call 9 a prie/1 ,ca?olic or ,prote/ant1 to adm9i/] ! hea!n ord9ance4 ,:5 w ! _w op5 its bl9d eyes1 & le>n t all t ,god requires ( m5 is to 8walk humbly1 love m]cy1 & deal ju/ly08 ,!re is no difficulty 9 accept+ ! words ( a ,god :o is said to h utt]$ ! burn+ repro( to rituali/s & hypocrites z foll[s3 8,to :at purpose is ! multitude ( y\r sacrifices8 ,i delight n 9 ! blood ( bullocks1 or ( lambs1 or ( he-goats4 ,br+ no m va9 oblations2 inc5se is an abom9ation unto me2 ! new moons & sabba?s1 ! call+ ( assemblies1 ,i _c away )2 x is iniquity ev5 ! solemn meet+4 ,& :5 y spread y\r h&s ,i w hide m9e eyes f y1 yea1 y make _m pray]s ,i w n he>1 y\r h&s are full ( blood4 ,wa% ye1 make y clean1 put away ! evil ( y\r do+s f be=e m9e eyes2 cease to d evil2 le>n to d well1 seek judgm5t1 relieve ! oppress$1 judge ! fa!rless1 plead = ! wid[s40 ,?is doctr9e ( bloodsalvation is1 9 our judgm5t1 mo/ unphilosophical & ev5 absurd4 ,x orig9at$1 z we h %[n1 9 ! mo/ gross & an?ropomorphic conceptions ( ,god1 & its solemn celebration 9 or?odox *ur*es is insep>able f ! mo/ ignorant & sup]/iti\s rites ( ! mo/ savage peoples4 ,its t5d5cy mu/ be demoraliz+4 ,,*apt] ,,xvi4 ,,?+s ,,t ,,rema9 8,t ^? ?+s :i* _c be %ak5 may rema940--,heb4 #ab3 #bg4 ,,9 ! prec$+ *apt]s we h %[n t 9 our judgm5t ! "t has fully come = ! fe>less proclamation ( ! :ole tru?1 reg>dless ( tempor>y consequ5ces4 ,we ?9k t we h also %[n t = _m important reasons we _c expect ! :ole tru? f ! pr(essional cl]gy4 ,we h %[n t ! ,jews are n ! v anci5t & num]\s p t !y h be5 suppos$ to h be51 & t _m ( _! claims are purely fabul\s2 & t ?is is specially true ( _! ,p5tateu*1 :i* ,moses1 suppos+ su* a man to h liv$1 c\ld n h writt54 ,we h %[n h[ ext5sively symbolism anci5tly prevail$ 9 sacr$ writ+s1 h[ mod]n sac]dotali/s h accept$ z lit]al hi/ory & matt]s ( fact :at 0 at fir/ a romance or an allegory int5d$ to illu/rate c]ta9 pr9ciples1 & h[ ! introduction ( a/ral keys c only expla9 _m ( ! ,old-,te/am5t /ories1 :i*1 tak5 lit]ally1 are extremely absurd & fooli%4 ,we ?9k we h %[n t ! 8fall0 ( ! my?ical ,adam & ,eve is an allegory1 & n an hi/orical fact1 & t x is extremely un=tunate t ! :ole sy/em ( dogmatic !ology is made to dep5d ^u a my?us4 ,we h gone 9 se>* ( ! 8second ,adam10 & h n f\nd him1 except 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 & we h %[n h[ utt]ly incomplete & unsatisfactory t acc\nt is1 n ris+ 9 any degree to ! "* ( evid5ce4 ,we h %[n t ! ,gospels are highly dramatic2 t ! ,*ri/ is l>gely ideal2 t _m o!r p]sons be=e ! ,*ri/ian era claim$ all t 0 claim$ = ,jesus2 & t he1 8 conduct1 & alleg$ say+s 7he wrote no?+7 are widely op5 to criticism4 ,we h %[n t ! di/+ui%+ feature ( ! ,new ,te/am5t--blood-salvation--is n a special revelation1 b t x has be5 borr[$ & modifi$ & adapt$ f savages & f ! mo/ ignorant & sup]/iti\s tribes2 & t :at is call$ ! 8r$emptive s*eme0 is full ( absurdities & contradictions1 & t x is philosophically & naturally demoraliz+ 9 its t5d5cy & influ5ce if its logical consequ5ces are accept$4 ,we n[ come to ! practical "q1 ,:at h we left8 ,is !re any?+ 9 religion wor? pres]v+8 ,inde$1 is !re any?+ condemn$ 9 ?is book t is ess5tial to ! pure/ religion & ! highe/ morality8 ,aft] d\bt+ & ?r[+ discr$it on s mu*1 h we any?+ left wor? pres]v+8 ,hav+ ca/ s mu* ( ! c>go ov]bo>d to light5 ! %ip1 is ! vessel wor? sav+8 ,hav+ ca/ away ! accretions & sup]/itions ( religion1 we are only n[ j prep>$ to def5d its ess5tial & sublime pr9ciples4 ,let u see :at rema9s4 ,i4 ,our ,fai? 9 ,god rema9s4--,n a ,god4 ,! passage 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t 7,john #d3 #bd7 admits t 8a0 is an int]polation4 ,!re is no p]sonality 9 ,god 9 a s5se :i* implies limitation4 ,god is _s1 & s _s is ,god4 ,ev5 ,pr(essor ,hckel1 ! ,g]man mat]iali/1 says3 8,?is moni/ic idea ( ,god1 :i* belongs to ! future1 has already be5 express$ by ,bruno 9 ! foll[+ words3 ,a _s exi/s 9 all ?+s1 & no body is s small b conta9s a "p ( ! div9e sub/ance )9 itself by :i* x is animat$40 ,! words ,god & religion h be5 s long associat$ ) sup]/ition & prie/craft t _m lib]al ?9k]s h a repugnance to bo?4 ,b we mu/ n let ^! p]v]sions ( sac]dotalism rob u ( good words4 ,we c conceive ( ,god z ! ,ov]-all & ,9-all ,_s ( ! ,univ]se4 ,t _s is causation1 & matt]1 its palpable =m1 is "o ( its manife/ations4 ,we "k t ,nature's me?od ( mak+ worlds & brutes & m5 is by a uni=m sy/em ( evolution1 tak+ millions & billions ( ye>s to c>ry on ! "w to ! pres5t "t1 & t x is likely t x w take millions m to p]fect x4 ,:5 ask$ :at _s is1 we answ]1 ,we d n "k2 nei!r d we "k :at electricity is1 nor c we answ] "o ( a ?\s& que/ions t come up reg>d+ ! subtle & occult qualities ( matt]4 ,we see no diff]5ce betwe5 ! ,unkn[able ( ,h]b]t ,sp5c] & ! ,unse>*able ( ,zoph> 9 ! book ( ,job4 ,! ,unkn[n ,p[] is ! ,n\m5on1 ! absolute ,be+ 9 itself1 ! inn] nature ( =ce1 motion1 & ev5 ( consci5ce4 ,we h said1 9 sub/ance1 else:]e3 ,x is a great mi/ake to ?9k ( ,god z outside ( & di/9ct f ! univ]se4 ,if !re be a ,god at all1 he is 9 ! univ]se & 9 e "p ( x4 ,we _c prop]ly localize him1 & say t he is pres5t 9 "o place & n 9 ano!r1 or t he is 9 "o place m ?an ano!r4 ,he mu/ be ev]y:]e & 9 ev]y?+4 ,an?ropomorphic 7man-l7 views ( ,god are :at make a!i/s & agno/ics4 ,m5 con/antly talk ( ! laws ( ,nature1 =gett+ t law itself is a product & _c be a cause4 ,! law ( gravitation is n ! cause ( gravitation4 ,a self-orig9at+ & self-execut+ law is un?9kable4 ,! preval5ce ( law supposes ! exi/5ce ( a lawmak] & a law-executor4 ,we accept ! law ( evolution1 b _c conceive ( evolution indep5d5t ( involution & an ,evolv]4 ,x may be said t ?is is 8begg+ ! "q0 by assum+ ! exi/5ce ( an inf9ite ,god4 ,b we d5y t x is an assumption 9 its la/ analysis4 ,:at is kn[n z ! sci5tific me?od leads logically to ! conclusion t !re mu/ be some?+ t !i/s g5]ally "n ,god4 ,y may call x 8protoplasm10 8molecul> =ce10 ! 8pot5tiality ( matt]10 or ev5 matt] itself2 & :5 y tell u :at ^! words mean we w tell y :at we mean by 8,god40 ,possibly we all mean ! same ?+4 ,we "k ( ! exi/5ce ( ,god1 z we "k o!r ?+s1 by palpable manife/ations4 ,a/ronom]s assum$ ! exi/5ce ( ,neptune f c]ta9 ph5om5a long be=e its exi/5ce c\ld be demon/rat$2 & if ! discov]y _h nev] be5 made ! ph5om5a s long obs]v$ w\ld h nev]!less ju/ifi$ ! conclusion t !re mu/ be "s /up5d\s cause = su* unmi/akable & m>vell\s p]turbations4 ,:5 m5 talk ( ! et]nity ( matt] we d n ev5 pr(ess to und]/& !m4 ,! mo/ advanc$ sci5ti/s d n attempt to expla9 "o ( a ?\s& my/]ies 9 :i* ! ph5om5a ( ! mat]ial _w is en%r\d$4 ,:y1 !n1 %\ld we be expect$ to expla9 :]e & h[ & :5 ,god came into exi/5ce1 or h[ he c\ld h _h an et]nal exi/5ce or be self-exi/5t8 ,we affirm no m ( ,god ?an mat]iali/s imply ( matt]1 & we end[ him ) no attributes t !y d n virtually ascribe to matt]4 ,s f> z assumption is conc]n$1 bo? /& on ! same gr\nd4 ,!y1 inde$1 call ?+s by diff]5t names1 b mean ab\t ! same ?+4 ,:at !i/s pref] to call 8! works ( ,god0 mat]iali/s call 8,nature10 8cosmic laws10 8spontane\s g5]ation10 8! pot5cy ( matt]10 8cons]vation ( en]gy1 8correlation ( =ce1 & 8natural selection4 ,! fundam5tal error ( mod]n sci5ti/s is t !y limit _! inve/igations to ! physical & palpable1 :ile we h demon/rable evid5ce ( ! exi/5ce ( ! spiritual & invisible4 ,we "k no?+ ( matt] b f its prop]ties & manife/ations1 & we h ! same k9d ( evid5ce 9 reg>d to _s1 & "k t x is sup]ior to gross matt]1 & !re=e _c be te/$ by ! same crucibles4 ,9 ! v nature ( ?+s a great cause mu/ ev] be impond]able & invisible4 ,x _c be weigh$ & measur$1 b mu/ ev] rema9 intangible & incompreh5sible4 ,! _s 9 physical man 9 its relation to ! ,supreme ,_s is z ! drop ( wat] to ! ocean or ! s+le glimm]+ ray to ! full-orb$1 refulg5t sun4 ,m5 may talk ( 8=ce correlation1 & trace its progress & products1 b !y mu/ rema9 dumb z to ! beg9n+ or orig9 ( =ce unless !y accept ! doctr9e ( an intellig5t ,fir/ ,=ce4 ,!re is no way ( acc\nt+ = ! exi/5ce ( _s1 ( life1 ( intellig5ce1 b by premis+ ! prior exi/5ce ( _s1 life1 & intellig5ce4 ,l only causes l4 ,an egg does n come f a /one1 & ! ascidian did n come f a lifeless rock4 ,! logical conclusion f ! facts & pr9ciples h]e9 sugge/$ is t !re mu/ be an intellig5t ,fir/ ,cause ( all ?+s--an all-p]vad+1 fecundat+1 animat+ ,_s ( ! univ]se2 & we pref] to call ?is ,god4 ,sci5ce has taught u ! processes ( 8 "w1 & d5om9ates !m ! 8laws ( ,nature40 ,9 po9t ( fact1 z little is kn[n ( ! orig9 & ess5ce ( matt] z ( _s1 & !re is z good gr\nd = agno/icism 9 ! =m] z 9 ! latt]4 ,!re is !re=e no necess>y conflict betwe5 true sci5ce & a rational !ism or monism4 ,x is a rational proposition t some?+ mu/ h be5 be=e :at is call$ creation4 ,!re mu/ h be5 an intellig5t pot5cy1 & t p[] !i/s call ,god4 ,mat]ialism 9 its la/ analysis ascribes to matt] all t !i/s ascribe to ,god4 ,x gives matt] an et]nal self-exi/5ce--end[s x ) an inh]5t inf9ite intellig5ce & an omnipot5t pot5cy4 ,x spells 8,god0 ) six lett]s in/ead ( ?ree4 ,x makes a ,god ( matt]1 & !n d5ies 8 exi/5ce6 ,we n[ submit t x is m rational to po/ulate ! exi/5ce ( an et]nal ,supreme ,intellig5ce & ,p[]1 ! ,creator & ,rul] ( all ?+s visible & invisible1 :o is ! ,au?or & ,executor ( ! laws by :i* bo? m9d & matt] are gov]n$4 ,?is ,supreme ,be+ is alone ! ,self-exi/5t ,"o1 & :at are call$ ! prop]ties & modes ( in]t matt] are b ! pro(s & manife/ations ( 8 et]nal p[] & ,godhead4 ,!re _c be a poem )\t a poet1 nor a picture )\t an arti/4 ,!re _c be a wat* or o!r complex ma*9e )\t an inv5tor & artisan4 ,! univ]se is ! sublime/ ( all poems1 & ,cic]o well said t x w\ld be easi] to conceive t ,hom]'s ,iliad came f ! *ance %ak+ toge!r ( ! lett]s ( ! alphabet ?an t ! atoms %\ld h produc$ ! cosmos )\t a m>%all+ ag5cy4 ,! visible & palpable compel u to ackn[l$ge _! c\nt]p>t 9 ! invisible & intangible1 & we _c rationally acc\nt = ! orig9 ( man )\t po/ulat+ ! exi/5ce ( an ,intellig5ce & ,p[] great] ?an humanity4 ,we are reproa*$ = ! inconsi/5cy ( believ+ 9 a ,p[] we _c compreh5d1 & end[+ him ) attributes ( :i* we c =m no j conceptions4 ,a!i/s d n seem to realize t !y are guilty ( a great] inconsi/5cy4 ,!y tell u t we believe 9 a ,be+ ( :om we c =m no conception1 b !y !mselves mu/ =m "s conception ( su* a ,be+1 else h[ c\ld !y d5y 8 exi/5ce8 ,!re is no difficulty 9 admitt+ ! exi/5ce ( a ,supreme ,p[] if we d n attempt to compreh5d & describe x4 ,mat!w ,arnold says3 8,we too w\ld say ',god' if ! mom5t we said ',god1 y w\ld n pret5d t y "k all ab\t him40 ,8 def9ition ( ,god is inde$ vague1 b va/ly sugge/ive3 8,an endur+ ,p[] n ourselves t makes = righte\sness40 ,?is sugge/s ! moral elem5t 9 ! unkn[n ,p[]4 ,!re is n only a spiritual s5se 9 man :i* recognizes ! sup]s5su\s1 b !re is an indwell+ witness to ! et]nal pr9ciple ( rightfulness4 ,! s5tim5t ( oughtness is inh]5t & in]adicable4 ,e man :o is n a moral idiot has a feel+ t c]ta9 ?+s ought & ought n to be--t !re is an ess5tial "r & wrong4 ,human intuition sees & feels ?is my/]i\s ,p[] t answ]s to our ,ego1 & f :i* x proce$s2 & ?is inw>d conviction _c be eradicat$ f ! av]age m9d by ! pret5sions ( sci5ce4 ,! pati5t wat*] 9 ! d>k room at ! t]m9us ( ! ocean cable sees 9 8 susp5d$ mirror ! reflection ( an electric sp>k1 & he at once recognizes x z a message f ! op]ator ?ree ?\s& miles away4 ,s ,god is se5 by ! aspir+ & contemplative 9 ! concave mirror ( man's own _s1 &1 ?\gh x is a m]e reflection1 a sp>k1 a fla%1 x cle>ly proves ! exi/5ce ( ! ,c5tral ,magnet4 ,x is ?is recognition ( ! moral elem5t t =ms ! basis ( moral gov]nm5t & ( t wor%ipfulness :i* has manife/$ itself among all nations1 b>b>ian & civiliz$4 ,x is safe to assume t ! av]age ,a!ism is disbelief 9 ! ,god ( ! dom9ant !ology1 & n 9 ! ,ultimate ,p[] t makes = righte\sness4 ,vulg>1 an?ropomorphic conceptions ( ,god1 :i* end[ him ) c]ta9 speculative attributes1 are condemn$ by reason & sci5ce2 b nev]!less ph5om5a h some?+ beh9d !m1 & en]gy has some?+ b5ea? x1 & all ?+s h some?+ 9 !m :i* is ! s\rce ( all ph5om5a & en]gy2 & ?is endur+1 all-p]vad+ ,p[] is our sure gu>antee ( ! ord] ( ! univ]se4 ,& ?is ,p[] !i/s p]si/ 9 call+ ,god4 ,!ologians may call ?is ,pan!ism1 b x is only seem+ly s4 ,!re is a va/ diff]5ce betwe5 say+ t ev]y?+ is ,god1 & t ,god is 9 ev]y?+4 ,! old wat*mak]-me*anician idea1 a ,god sep>ate & outside ( ! univ]se1 has become obsolete1 & sci5ce & reason & ! law ( progressive developm5t n[ compel m5 to re%ape _! conceptions ( ,god z id5tical ) ! ,cosmos1 plus ! ,et]nal ,p[]4 ,h]b]t ,sp5c] has beautifully said3 8,b amid ! my/]ies1 :i* become ! m my/]i\s ! m !y are ?\ght ab\t1 !re w rema9 ! "o absolute c]ta9ty t man is ev] 9 pres5ce ( an ,inf9ite & ,et]nal ,en]gy1 f :i* all ?+s proce$40 ,! felt & ! se5 h _! fulness 9 ! unse5 & intangible1 & ! visible impels u to seek its c\nt]p>t & complem5t 9 ! invisible4 ,,ii4 ,our ,fai? 9 ,religion rema9s4--,& "h ! "q comes up1 ,:at is religion8 ,! commonly-accept$ mean+ ( ! ^w is z d]iv$ f ! ,lat9 relig>e1 :i* means 8to b9d back or to b9d fa/40 ,we d n accept ! def9ition1 because x is sugge/ive ( bondage4 ,x implies a previ\s h>moni\s relation ) ,god :i* _h be5 lo/4 ,x favors ! dogmas ( ! fall ( ,adam & man's alleg$ re9/atem5t & 8b9d+ back0 to ! div9e allegiance1 ?r\gh :at is call$1 9 !ological p>lance1 a 8r$emptive s*eme40 ,x is a significant fact t ,lactantius1 a !ologian ( ! e>ly "p ( ! f\r? c5tury1 0 ! fir/ to apply ! ^w religion to 8! bond ( piety by :i* we are b\nd to ,god40 ,augu/9e ( ! fif? c5tury foll[$ 8 example1 & s did ,s]vius ab\t ! same "t2 & _! example has be5 foll[$ by !ologians ev] s9ce1 presumably because x favors ! dogmas ( ! fall ( ,adam & ! r$emption by ,*ri/4 ,b ! highe/ classical au?orities d]ive ! ^w religion f releg]e or relig]e1 signify+ 8to g ?r\gh or ov] & ov] aga9 9 read+1 spee*1 or ?\ght--to review c>efully & fai?fully to pond] & reflect ) consci5ti\s fidelity40 ,cic]o mu/ h und]/ood ! orig9al mean+ & orig9 ( ! ,lat9 ^w1 & he took ?is view ( ! subject4 ,he liv$ m ?an ?ree hundr$ ye>s be=e ,lactantius1 & he said3 8,b !y :o c>efully m$itat$1 & z x 7 consid]$ & reconsid]$ all ^? ?+s :i* p]ta9$ to ! wor%ip ( ! gods1 7 call$ religi\s1 f relig]e40 ,! ^w religio 0 9 common use 9 anci5t ,rome 9 ! s5se ( scruple1 imply+ ! consci\sness ( a natural obligation :olly irrespective ( ! gods4 ,! olde/ popul> mean+s ( ! ^w religion 7 fai?fulness1 s9c]ity1 v]acity1 honor1 punctili\sness1 & consci5ti\sness4997#a7 ,religion1 !n1 9 its true mean+1 is ! great fact ( duty1 ( oughtness or "r-fulness1 ( consci5ce & moral s5se4 ,its great bus9ess is to seek con=mity to "o's highe/ ideal4 ,x consi/s 9 an hone/ & p]si/5t ef=t by all appropriate means to realize ideal excell5ce & to trans=m into actual "* & practical life4 7#a7 ,see ,a ,/udy ( ,religion1 by ,francis ,e4 ,abbot4 ,religion 9 ?is s5se is univ]sally approv$4 ,x is false religion :i* is condemn$4 ,x is :at "s m5 w\ld require y to believe 9 spite ( hi/ory1 sci5ce1 & self-consci\sness4 ,x is sup]/ition1 bigotry1 cr$ulity1 cre$1 sect>ianism1 t m5 dete/4 ,religion is innate & in]adicable 9 man1 & !re is a natural religion conc]n+ :i* man _c be skeptical if he w\ld4 ,bi%op ,butl] has well said t ! morality ( ! gospel is 8! republication ( natural religion & x w\ld be easy to %[ ! evolution ( religion f v small beg9n+s & h[ ?is "w is go+ on to-day4 ,reg>d+ religion z an evolution1 a developm5t1 & n z some?+ z inflexible z a demon/rat$ proposition 9 ma!matics1 we are all ! :ile expect+ an improvem5t4 ,we h a "r to expect t ,*ri/ianity %\ld be bett] ?an m anci5t religions1 because x is ! late/2 & s x is 9 _m respects4 ,b we h a "r to expect t ?is improvem5t w g on ) ! lapse ( "t4 ,! religion ( ! n9ete5? c5tury is an improvem5t on ! religion ( ! fir/ c5tury1 b we are rea*+ =w>d to great] p]fection4 ,ev5 ! sy/em ( morals taught 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t is defective4 ,we want some?+ pur] & bett]1 & x is rapidly com+4 ,all true religion is natural1 & its morality relates to ! mutual & reciprocal claims ( m5 aris+ f organiz$ society4 ,if we are "r 9 our deal+s ) our fell[-m51 we _c be out ( h>moni\s relations ) ,god4 ,all happ9ess "h & h]eaft] dep5ds ^u our k ( ! ord] ( ! univ]se & ! con=mation ( our lives to x4 ,x is impossible to divorce true religion f real sci5ce1 & ! m we "k ( ! latt] ! m we %all h ( ! =m]4 ,:atev] t5ds to promote pure religion ought to be enc\rag$1 & no man has any m reason to be a%am$ ( 8 religion ?an he has to be a%am$ ( 8 appetite4 ,we sum up our ideas ( religion by say+3 ,d all ! good y c to all ! p]sons y c by all ! means y c1 & z long z y c4 ,,iii4 ,! ,scriptures rema9 = j ,:at !y are4--,portions ( ! ,bible comm& our mo/ pr(\nd rev]5ce & our mo/ unqualifi$ admiration4 ,we respond he>tily to "s ( ! truly excell5t moral maxims ( ! ,bible1 & read ) rapture "s ( ! selections ( poetry f ! ,hebrew prophets4 ,b "r 9 close connection we (t5 f9d /ories ( uncleanness1 =nications1 adult]ies1 & ince/s t ! vile/ newspap] ( to-day w\ld n d>e publi%4 ,jael meanly murd]s ,sis]a1 & is prais$ = x1 :ile ! deceit & trea*]y ( ,rahab are comm5d$ 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,! /ory ( ,boaz & ,ru? is only fit = a dime novel4 ,solomon's ,song is full ( lascivi\sness4 ,abram lies4 ,moses gets mad4 ,david commits adult]y & murd]s ,uriah4 ,jacob is deceitful & a trick/]2 & s on to ! end4 ,polygamy is %[n to h be5 ! rule1 & n ! exception1 among ,jehovah's favorites4 ,w> is ev]y:]e tacitly ju/ifi$1 & slav]y is practis$ & n an abolitioni/ op5s 8 m\?4 ,we g to ! ,new ,te/am5t1 & ,he :o is call$ ! 8,p]fect ,"o0 curses a fig tree = n be>+ fruit out ( season1 drives out ) small cords m5 engag$ 9 legitimate bus9ess1 upsets _! tables1 & uses ! mo/ viol5t & reproa*ful language t[>d !m4 ,he %[s want ( respect = 8 "m1 & is ambigu\s & evasive 9 8 conv]sation ) ! woman ( ,canaan--says he does n "k :e!r he is go+ to ! fea/ at ,j]usalem or n1 & !n /raightway sets out = ! ,holy ,city1 & makes believe by 8 actions t he is go+ to "o place1 :5 he is actually go+ to ano!r4 ,we want a high] morality ?an is taught 9 ! ,bible4 ,we want high] & m noble conceptions ?an are giv5 9 ! p>able ( ! 8,unju/ ,judge10 & m j & equitable pr9ciples ?an are taught 9 ! p>able ( ! 8,unju/ ,/ew>d0 or ! 8,labor]s 9 ! ,v9ey>d0 or ! 8,t5 ,tal5ts40 ,we want a morality t relates to ?is life r ?an to ! next ,we d n want ! possession ( prop]ty held up z a crime1 & pov]ty repres5t$ z a virtue entitl+ "o to a seat 9 ! future k+dom4 ,we want good homes to live 9 n[1 r ?an 8mansions 9 ! skies40 ,we d n want a morality t appeals to selfi%ness only1 t discrim9ates 9 favor ( celibacy1 & t only tol]ates m>riage z a rem$y = lu/1 z taught 9 ! sev5? *apt] ( ,fir/ ,cor9?ians4 ,we want a high] morality ?an ! morality ( ev5 ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,x is difficult to speak to e>s polite ( ! obsc5ity ( ! ,bible4 ,!re are m ?an "o hundr$ passages ( ! mo/ co>se & vulg> description4 ,to pr9t ^! 9 a book & s5d x ?r\gh ! ,unit$ ,/ates mails1 if law 7 imp>tially adm9i/]$1 w\ld put a man 9 ! p5it5ti>y4 ,!re are entire *apt]s t reek ) obsc5ity f beg9n+ to end4 ,we _c tell y ab\t ,onan1 & ,tam>1 & ,lot & 8 two daught]s1 & scores ( o!r obsc5e matt]s4 ,!re are passages ev5 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t t _c be m5tion$ 9 ! pres5ce ( a virtu\s woman4 ,:5 we ent] a lady's p>lor & see ! ri*ly-gild$ ,bible ^u ! c5tre-table1 we %udd] z we rememb] ! obsc5ity t is conta9$ betwe5 its co/ly lids4 ,:5 we see a "y girl tripp+ along our /reets1 ,bible 9 h&1 we wond] if %e kn[s t %e c>ries m obsc5ity ?an ,byron ev] wrote1 ?an ,%elley ev] dream$ (1 ?an ! vile/ ,fr5* noveli/ ev] d>$ to pr9t4 ,we h v grave d\bts ab\t putt+ ! ,bible into ! h&s ( *ildr54 ,!y are1 ?r\gh x1 made famili> ) mu* t is demoraliz+4 ,we h _m reasons = reject+ ! dogma ( ! pl5>y inspiration ( ! ,scriptures & ( _! infallibility4 ,^! fragm5t>y writ+s mu/ be judg$ by _! m]its--by :at !y are4 ,x has be5 %[n by ! au?or ( ,sup]natural ,religion t we ga9 m ?an we lose by tak+ ?is rational view ( ! ,bible4 ,an illusion is lo/1 b a reality is ga9$ :i* is full ( hope & peace4 ,! unkn[n m5 :o mo/ly wrote ! little pamphlets :i* make up ! ,bible probably did ! be/ !y knew--t is1 !y wrote accord+ to ! degree ( _! developm5t--b "s ( ! writ]s 7 on a v l[ plane4 ,we %\ld read ^! books & all o!r sacr$ writ+s ( all nations j z we /udy geology--z %[+ :at 0 9 ! m9d ( man :5 ! books 7 writt51 #8j z we le>n f ! e>?'s /rata ! hi/ory & ord] ( ! v>i\s p]iodic =mations4 ,! bibles ( ! ages are accessible to e man :o c read4 ,all ( !m conta9 mu* t is valuable1 ) mu* t is frivol\s1 sup]/iti\s1 & false4 ,b ^! books belong to our race1 & happy is ! man :o kn[s h[ to use !m wisely4 ,he :o rejects all makes z great a mi/ake z he :o accepts all4 ,! true position is t ! ,bible conta9s ! be/ ?\ghts ( _m ( ! be/ m5 t h liv$ 9 ! ages ( ! pa/1 express$ accord+ to _! light2 &1 :ile _! obvi\s errors %\ld be reject$1 :atev] comm5ds itself to our reason1 accord+ to ! be/ light ( to-day1 & to :i* ea* man's own inspiration & spiritual disc]nm5t responds1 %\ld be rev]5tly /udi$ & highly e/eem$4 ,religion is n a product ( ! ,bible1 b ! ,bible is a product ( religion--natural religion--?\gh (t5 misund]/ood & p]v]t$4 ,we d n ?r[ aside ! bibles1 b accept !m = j :at we f9d !m to be wor?4 ,we eat ! k]nel & ?r[ away ! %ell4 ,,iv4 ,our mo/ ,implicit ,fai? 9 ! ,cont9uity ( ,life rema9s4--,we h no m confid5ce 9 ,mat]ialism ?an we h 9 ,a!ism4 ,we believe t "s m5 at lea/ are immortal--t ! intellectual & moral giants %\ld be blott$ out at dea? is un?9kable4 ,we f9d 9 ?is doctr9e ( a future /ate mu* t has a moral t5d5cy4 ,x inspires self-respect & e/eem4 ,x leads to a prop] appreciation ( humanity4 ,x inspires hope = ! future4 ,x af=ds com=t 9 b]eavem5t4 ,x furni%es a prop] motive = aspiration & progress4 ,:5 we consid] ! millions ( ye>s t h be5 employ$ 9 br++ man to 8 pres5t high e/ate1 x is rational to assume t a capacity = su* imm5se progress is good gr\nd = fai? 9 /ill great] progress1 s t !re %all be no end to ! advancem5t & atta9m5ts ( humanity4 ,if primitive man 0 n immortal1 !re may h be5 a "t :5 he became immortal1 j z !re is a "t :5 ! embryo becomes a consci\s1 brea?+ babe1 & :5 ! undevelop$ *ild beg9s to ex]cise ! functions ( rationality & becomes an acc\ntable be+4 ,x is n true t ev5 ! extreme ,d>w9ian doctr9e is necess>ily oppos$ to ! doctr9e ( a future life = man4 ,on ! contr>y1 its fundam5tal pr9ciples sugge/ ! hypo!sis ( immortality4 ,if ! 8cons]vation ( en]gy0 is a true pr9ciple ( sci5ce1 x favors ! fai? ( man 9 ! doctr9e ( a future life4 ,greatness & goodness develop$ 9 man mu/ be 8cons]v$10 & h[ c x be done if dea? is a de/roy]8 ,! 8p]si/5cy ( =ce0 9 ! human p]sonality mu/ at lea/ be equal to ! prim>y elem5ts :i* environ t p]sonality4 ,is x rational to suppose t ! sweep ( evolution :i* has br\ght man f su* unfa?omable dep?s w n c>ry him up to /ill m illimitable heights8 ,are ^! va/ a*ievem5ts ( ,nature to be s un-?riftily wa/$8 ,d n ! products ( a pa/ et]nity po9t unmi/akably to /ill great] ?+s 9 an et]nity to come8 ,&1 !n1 does n ! sci5tific doctr9e ( ! 8inde/ructibility ( matt]0 favor ! belief 9 life aft] dea?8 ,! !ory ( 8natural selection0 also favors ! doctr9e ( a future life1 & nev] appe>s s real & s beautiful z :5 we realize t z man progresses 9 ev]y?+ t is gr& & good he volunt>ily falls 9 ) ?is natural law1 & ( *oice n only selects t :i* is mo/ to be desir$1 b by self-d5ial & almo/ sup]human ex]tions /rives to atta9 ! highe/ ideal ( 8 heav5ly aspirations4 ,! unwe>i$ ef=t ( ! mo/ highly-develop$ m5 to rea* a high] p]fection & a m exalt$ excell5ce is evid5ce t ,nature is true to h]self1 & t man w n be blott$ out ( consci\s exi/5ce j z he fir/ cle>ly p]ceives ! ess5tial diff]5ce betwe5 good & evil4 ,hav+ ta/$ ! fruit ( ! tree ( life1 he is de/9$ to live = ev]4 ,x is c]ta9ly a significant fact t ! fai? ( man 91 & a desire =1 a future life are /ronge/ 9 8 mom5ts ( greate/ m5tal & spiritual exaltation4 ,if ?is is an illusion1 x is /range t x %\ld be p>ticul>ly vivid :5 he is 9 8 mo/ god-l moods & :5 he is mo/ 9 love ) ! beautiful1 ! true1 & ! good4 ,is x possible = ,nature to ?us trifle ) & deceive & disappo9t man :5 he is mo/ s]i\s & tru?ful1 & :5 all ! elem5ts ( 8 bett] nature are 9 ! asc5dant & pr$om9ate ov] ev]y?+ t is gross & p]i%able8 ,a future life & an immortal "o mu/ exi/ to enable man to rea* t p]fection to :i* he aspires1 & feels himself b\nd to atta9 z ! only end wor?y ( 8 be+1 & :i*1 dur+ ! brief span ( mortal life1 is nev] rea*$ ev5 by ! mo/ virtu\s4 ,nature _c be s bl9d1 s /upidly improvid5t1 z to ?r[ away h] mo/ preci\s treasures1 ga!r$ by s mu* labor & suff]+1 & n p]mit man to c>ry =w>d ! great "w1 9 :i* he has j began to succe$1 to t p]fection to :i* all 8 aspirations unmi/akably conv]ge4 ,!n e cultivat$ man realizes z age increases t 8 atta9m5ts & successes 9 ?is ephem]al life fall f> %ort (1 & are absolutely inadequate & disproportionate to1 8 inh]5t p[]s2 & x is irrational to conclude t 8 v exi/5ce is to be blott$ out & life itself become utt]ly ext9ct j z he has le>n$ h[ to live1 & :at life is1 & :at is 8 be+'s end & aim4 ,we d n desire to argue ?is "q "h3 we only make a pr(ession ( our fai?4 ,v4 ,our ,fai? 9 ! ,doctr9e ( ,pres5t & ,future ,rew>ds & ,puni%m5ts rema9s4--,:ile x is irrational to accept ! horrible dogmas ( sac]dotalism z to ! et]nal torm5ts ( ! wick$1 x is equally unreasonable to believe t all m5 ent] ^u a /ate ( p]fect happ9ess )\t reg>d to moral "*4 ,! doctr9e ( rew>ds & puni%m5ts aft] dea? is cle>ly sugge/$ by ! pr9ciples ( natural religion :i* h be5 recogniz$ by all m51 pagan & ,*ri/ian4 ,t virtue br+s its own rew>d & vice its own puni%m5t is a fact 9 ! exp]i5ce ( m5 9 ?is life4 ,x mu/ be s 9 ! life to come1 z ! ord] ( ! univ]se _c be *ang$ by "t or place4 ,no valid objection c be made to ! pr9ciple ( future puni%m5t4 ,b its nature & object mu/ be tak5 into ! acc\nt4 ,true puni%m5t is nev] arbitr>y nor v9dictive4 ,x is rem$ial1 re=matory1 discipl9>y1 & has respect to ! con/itution ( moral gov]nm5t & ! be/ int]e/s & welf>e ( its subjects4 ,suff]+ is a consequ5ce ( s91 n a judicial p5alty1 & happ9ess is n a favor conf]r$ by grace1 b a legitimate product ( "r be+ r ?an ( "r do+4 ,m5 are rew>d$ or puni%$1 bo? 9 ?is life & ! life to come1 n s mu* = :at !y h done or n done z = :at !y are4 ,suff]+ is int5d$ to put an end to t :i* causes suff]+1 & is = ! good ( ! suff]]4 ,9 ?is _w & 9 all possible worlds s9 mu/ be a s\rce ( suff]+1 & goodness a f\nta9 ( happ9ess4 ,! degree ( happ9ess or mis]y ( man aft] dea? mu/ be 9 proportion to ! degree ( 8 p]fection or imp]fection 9 "* evolv$ dur+ life t w con/itute 8 8meetness40 ,! same p5al code mu/ prevail 9 ! next life t prevails "h1 & x may be ?us summ>iz$3 7#a7 ,suff]+ is a consequ5ce ( imp]fection & wrong-do+4 7#b7 ,imp]fection & wrong-do+ w meet _! appropriate puni%m5t 9 ! future life z 9 ?is _w4 7#c7 ,! effect w only cont9ue s long z ! cause exi/s4 7#d7 ,m5 w = ev] make _! own heav5 or hell1 & !re is good reason = believ+ t ! suff]+s ( _m p]sons aft] dea? w be1 beyond all conception1 awful 9 ! extreme4 7#e7 ,b ! 8immortal hope0 ju/ifies ! conclusion t all m5 w1 soon] or lat]1 be e/abli%$ 9 hol9ess & happ9ess4 ,9 response to ! "q1 ,aft] dea?--:at8 ! prop] answ] to ! int]rogative is1 ,9 life--:at8 ,dea? is transition1 n transmutation4 ,x is emigration1 n ,py?agorean transmigration4 ,*ange ( place does n make *ange ( "*4 ,x is !re=e reasonable to conclude t a man aft] dea? is j :at he 0 be=e dea?4 ,e man w gravitate to 8 own place4 ,!re w be z _m grades ( moral "* aft] dea? z 9 ?is life1 & !re=e z _m heav5s & hells4 ,mis]s & drunk>ds & lib]t9es w /ill be su*4 ,^? :o love ! pure & beautiful1 ! true1 ! "r1 ! unselfi%1 & ! humane w /ill h ! same desires & ta/es aft] dea? z be=e dea?1 & w naturally gravitate to k9dr$ spirits4 ,aft] mature reflection ! conclusion mu/ be rea*$ t ! greate/ happ9ess ( :i* man is capable arises f ?ree s\rces3 7#a7 ,! p]ception ( new tru?2 7#b7 ,its imp>tation to o!rs2 7#c7 ,do+ good to o!rs4 ,a m rational conception ( future bless$ness ?an ?is is impossible4 ,if ^! views are correct1 x is ! highe/ wisdom to *]i% & cultivate on e>? & dur+ life ! ta/es1 ! desires1 ! affections1 ! pr9ciples :i* 9 !mselves con/itute ! highe/ bliss ( sa9ts & angels 9 all possible worlds4 ,& z to hell aft] dea?1 we h no?+ to fe> b ! hell we may c>ry ) u--! hell ( unholy lu/1 ! hell ( unsanctifi$ passion1 ! hell ( selfi%ness1 ! hell :i* foll[s wrong liv+ & wrong do+4 ,b we mu/ br+ ?is book to a close4 ,! writ] is a firm believ] 9 ,god1 9 religion1 & 9 morality2 he accepts ! ,bible = j :at x is4 ,he believes 9 ! cont9uity ( life aft] dea? & 9 future rew>ds & puni%m5ts4 ,if he believ$ t he _h writt5 any?+ 9 ?is book to weak5 fai? 9 ^! doctr9es1 he w\ld commit ! manuscript to ! flames in/ead ( to ! pr9t]4 ,,index 99,a99 ,abraham a my?1 #adi & 8 s]vant1 #aca & phallic emblems1 #aca & ,saturn1 #aej (f]+ ,isaac--,p>allels1 #aea- #aed ,abrahamie ,cov5ant1 #aee ,abydos & ,buns5's ,egyptian tables1 #if ,adams1 ,dr41 on =ty-two *ildr5 & ! %e-be>s1 #afb ,capt4 ,r4 ,c41 h[ to disp5se ) m9i/]s1 #dj ,admission ( ,alb]tus1 #ahj ( ,ambrose1 #agi ( ,augu/9e1 #cba ( ,clem5s ,alex&r9us1 #cfd ( ,t]tullian1 #agi ,alex&ria1 sy/ems ( religion preval5t 91 #cdg ,anno ,dom9i1 inv5t$ 9 ! six? c5tury1 g5]ally adopt-#a ed 9 ! t5?1 #bii ,ari/otle1 maxims (1 disapprov$1 #bd ,arnold1 ,mat!w1 8 def9ition ( ,god1 #dba ,assyrian cunei=m tablets1 discov]y #ahgc-gd1 #ig ,a!ns & ,sp>ta1 date #aeej ,b4,c41 #ajh ,avat>s1 all ann\nc$ by cele/ial signs1 #cji- #cab 99,b99 ,bag/]'s ,compreh5sive ,bible on ! phallic oa?1 #acb ,b>l[ on tree-wor%ip1 #abe ,beatty1 ,hon4 ,james1 8 opposition to sal>i$ m9i/]s1 #dj ,b]osus on ,*aldean hi/ory1 #ih ,black/one on wit*es1 #aah ,blauvelt1 ,dr4 ,a41 #af #ag ,briti% ,museum1 manuscripts1 #gd ,brooks1 ,bi%op1 on ins9c]ity 9 ! pulpit1 #dc ,bro!rhood ( man1 #cdb #cdc ,buckl& on ,may music 9 ,magdal5 ,*ur*1 #acg ,buddha1 di$ #cgg ye>s be=e ,*ri/1 #ajd ,budge1 ,dr41 manuscripts classifi$ by1 #ge ,burnet1 ,bi%op1 on ! /ory ( ! creation1 #adf ,dr41 on conceal+ ! tru?1 #dd ,burr1 ,w4 ,h41 on area ( ,pale/9e & its population1 #fc-gj4 99,c99 ,c>d9al ,cajetan's admission1 #agh ,*aldean hi/ory1 date (1 #aji ,*ild1 ,lydia ,m>ia1 & wom5 at ,ocean ,grove1 #acf ,*ri/1 d\bts z to 8 exi/5ce1 #cfg- #cfi ,*ri/us & ,*ri/ianus1 evid5ce ( mod]n fabrication1 #bjg ,*ryso/om on ! #be? ( ,decemb]1 #bdc ,cic]o on symbolism1 #abb ,cic]o's def9ition ( religion1 #ab #dbd ,circumcision orig9at$ 9 phallic-ism1 m anci5t ?an ,judaism1 #acj ,cl>k1 ,dr4 ,adam1 po9ts ont ?irty-five p>allels to ,philo 9 ,john's ,gospels1 #bai ,clem5t1 admission (1 #agi ,col5so1 ,bi%op1 collates f ,p5-tateucn1 #he ,confucius's ,gold5 ,rule1 #bb ,con/ant9e a pagan prie/1 #bi ,cross v anci5t1 #cah 99,d99 ,david's nude dance1 #acb ,davidson1 ,pr(41 on 8,ca?olic canon10 #bbg ,deluge1 ,!1 ,jews obta9$ ! acc\nt f ,babylon1 #aef ,doket1 #bff ,drap] on ,p5tateu*1 #ajc ,driv]1 ,pr(41 & ,philadelphia editor1 #aee 99,e99 ,edw>ds1 ,miss ,amelia ,b41 on date ( ,egyptian mon>*y1 #if ,eli%a & %e-be>s expla9$1 #afb ,epi/les1 sil5ce (1 conc]n+ ! ,gospels1 #cgb ,ess5es exi/$ be=e ,*ri/ianity1 #bcj id5tical ) ,mi?raism1 #bcb pr(\nd reg>d = ! sun1 #bci ,eusebius reg>d$ ! ,ess5es z ,*ri/ians1 #bbi ,eusebius's ,hi/ory a probable =g]y1 #bjf 99,f99 ,f>r>1 ,canon1 on prie/craft1 #dh ,fi%]1 ,pr(41 on decl9e ( cl]ical au?ority1 #db ,fisk1 ,john1 on glacial p]iod1 #ie ,=long1 ,g541 on ,jews1 #ee on area ( ,judea & ,sam>ia1 #ei ,=long1 ,g541 on preval5ce ( phallicism1 #acj #acc on ! fall1 #agj 99,g99 ,gno/icism1 #cee- #cfb ,gno/ics1 :at !y held1 #bfg ,g]ald ,massey on1 #bhj- #bid ,gibbon on1 #bid ,gold5 ,rule us$ by ,confucius1 ,isocrates1 ,ari/otle1 ,sixtus1 ,pittacus1 ,?ales1 f ?ree to six c5turies be=e ,*ri/1 #cbg ,gospel 9 ! ,/>s1 #add #ade ,grecian ,argos1 date (1 #ajh ,gregory on ignorance & devotion1 #dd 99,h99 ,hale1 ,dr41 on ins9c]ity 9 ! pulpit1 #db ,sir ,mat!w1 condemns a wit* to dea?1 #aah ,h>monies ( ! ,gospels1 #cdg ,h]od di$ be=e ,jesus 0 born1 #cae ,heyne on my?s & philosophy1 #abc ,h9doo laws quot$1 #aje- #ajh ,hirs*1 ,rabbi1 on ,p5tateu*1 #aai #abj ,holmes1 ,o4 ,w41 ,rector & ,doctor1 #be ,huxley on cl]ical opposition to progress1 #dh on ! deluge1 #aeg #aeh on ! fall1 #ahg #ahh 99,i99 ,i ,h ,s1 num]als :i* /& = #cjh expla9$1 #bih ,inman1 ,dr41 on ,adam & ,eve1 #afi ,ir5u ! real f\nd] ( ! ,roman hi]>*y1 #bbj 99,j99 ,jacob & ,joseph1 #aba ,jeff]son to ,pick]+1 #df to ,dr4 ,coop]1 #dg ,je\d1 son ( ,saturn1 orig9 ( ! "n ( ,jew1 #aej ,jesus1 ,ess5ism p]sonifi$1 #bfd ,jesuses1 _m1 #aig ,jews1 mongrels1 #ed orig9 (1 #ee real cause ( exodus1 #gh ,john's ,gospel fir/ m5tion$ by ,!ophilus ( ,antio* 9 ,a4 d4 #agf #bai ,johnson1 ,rev4 ,samuel1 on ! ideal ,*ri/1 #bgf- #bha also #cje #cjf #cbc #cbd ,jonah & ! fi%1 ) its p>allel my?s1 #aei ,jones1 ,sir ,william1 on antiquity ( ! ,v$as1 #aje ,josephus1 =g]y ( passages relat+ to ,jesus1 num]\s au?orities quot$1 #bjj- #bjc4 jo9s ! ,ess5es1 #bbi on ! 8burn+ bu%10 #abf ,jo%ua1 & ! sun /&+ /ill1 #afb ,ju/9ian ,code1 orig9 (1 #aje 99,k99 ,kaffirs celebrate ! catamnial p]iod1 #cha ,keys ( ,pet]1 an int]polation1 #bdf ,knight1 ,ri*>d ,payne1 on ! 8,wor%ip ( ,priapus10 #acj 99,l99 ,lactantius1 admissions (1 #cbc ,l>dn]1 ,dr41 on deceit1 #dd admissions (1 #agg conc]n+ fall1 #agc ,l5ormant's admission1 #ih ,le ,r5\f on orig9 ( ,egyptian civilization1 #ajd ,lesley1 ,pr(41 on phallicism1 #aca ,"l's ,pray] v anci5t1 #cbg ,lu!r on ,cop]nicus1 #add ,lyell on delta ( ,mississippi1 #ie 99,m99 ,mahaffy1 ,pr(41 on ! id5tity ( ! ,egyptian & ,*ri/ian religions1 #cba #cbb ,mane!o on date ( ,egyptian mon>*y1 #ig ,mann+1 ,ar*bi%op1 consecration (1 sugge/ive1 #acc ,manu1 laws ( #bfhj slocas1 #ajd #aje ,maomonide#h1 admission z to ! fall be+ allegorical1 #agh ,m>ius1 /ory (1 #bd ,m>tyr's1 ,ju/91 comp>ison ( ,*ri/ianity & o!r religions1 #cai- #cba ,massey on ! ideal ,*ri/1 #bhd #bhh on symbolism1 #abc ,mat!w1 ,gospel (1 writt5 9 ,hebrew accord+ to ,ir5u1 ,orig51 & ,j]ome1 #bag ,m5es1 date ( reign1 #if ,m]rell1 ,rev4 ,geo4 ,e41 gap ( ?ree1 c5turies 9 ,,mss41 #bab ,mill]1 ,dr41 on exam9ation ( m9i/]s1 #cc ,milman on deceit1 #dd ,mit*ell1 ,pr(41 on mummy c(f91 #adc ,mi?raism1 its preval5ce1 #bcc #bch ,moses1 /range co9cid5ces 9 ! life (1 #aji- #aab a my?2 horns1 #adg & ! ,midianites & wit*es1 #aae #aah ,mo%eim on deceit1 #dc ,,mss41 date (1 #bac ,mll]1 ,max1 on dates1 #ajd ,mutilation1 bodily1 #cce 99,n99 ,ne&]'s concession1 #cjh ,neo-,platoni/s1 :at !y taught1 #bcg ,newton1 ,sir ,isaac1 :at he p]ceiv$1 #bch ,n9eveh n ?ree days' j\rney f ! coa/1 #aei ,noah & ! deluge2 ,*aldean & o!r nations1 #aef 99,o99 ,orig5 on ! fall1 #agh ,orphic & o!r dramas1 #bce ,oswald1 ,dr4 ,felix ,l41 quot$1 #ccf ,oxley1 ,william1 acc\nts ( ,jesus f ,egyptian s\rces1 #bif conc]n+ ,egyptian /atuettes1 #bif #cja on ! ,jews1 #gi 99,p99 ,pagan contemporane\s ) ,jesus2 au?orities quot$1 #bjd4 ,papius & ,polyc>p1 n in/ruct$ by ,john ! son ( ,zeb$ee1 b probably by ,john1 a ,presbyt] ( ,asia ,m9or1 #bai ,paul's g5u9e ,epi/les1 #bad #bae ,paxson1 ,*ief-,ju/ice1 op5 lett] to1 #aba ,peck1 ,bi%op1 on blood1 #bgg ,p5tateu*1 date (1 #ig #ih #ajj #aja ,pet]'s "n ( ,*aldaic orig91 #bdh ,phallicism n necess>ily obsc5e1 #abi #ace ,philo1 admission (1 #agh ,phnicians1 date (1 #aji ,plato on ,hom]'s poems1 #abb ,presbyt]ian s]p5t symbolism1 #abh ,proclus on ,plato1 #abb ,prome!us1 ! god-man1 #cjc 99,r99 ,ra*el sitt+ on ! w$ges1 #acb ,rameses ,,ii41 ,ph>aoh ( ! captivity1 #if ,reb] exposes a fraud1 #bbj ,religion1 def9ition (1 #ab ,r5an on religion1 #ab ,rob]ts1 ,dr4 ,alex&]1 ,v]sion #ahha1 #baj ,roscoe1 ,william1 description ( ! consecration ( ,pope ,alex&] ,,vi41 #acd ,ryan1',bi%op1 in/all$1 #ca #afc 99,s99 ,sabba? obs]v$ #aajj ye>s be=e ! ,hebrews exi/$1 #aac ,sacrifices1 human1 bea/s1 #cig #cih ,samson /ory & ! twelve labors ( ,h]cules2 ! foxes1 #afj #afa ,se?i ,,ii41 ,egyptian k+1 8 good old age1 #if ,%$d1 ,pr(41 admission1 #dji ,smi?1 ,dr4 ,rob]tson1 on ! ,gospels1 #bae on sacrifice1 #cih etc4 ,sp5c]1 ,h]b]t1 on inf9ite & et]nal en]gy1 #dbc ,/4 ,patrick & ! snakes1 #abh ,/anley on blood-fri5d%ip1 #chi ,/u>t1 ,moses1 on ! 8indef9ite-p]iod0 !ory1 #age 99,t99 ,tacitus1 ,annala (1 =g$1 #bje ,talmage on blood1 #cgg ,talmud1 ,babylonian1 #bb 8wild]ness ( speculations_/' #aif ,taylor1 ,j]emy1 on blood1 #cgg ,t]tullian1 fanatical expression (1 #bgc ,te/imony1 h9t z to ! orig9 ( ! ^w1 #acb ,!odosius1 ,emp]or1 ord]$ books burn$1 #bdd #bid ,toldo? ,je?u1 #bfe ,trumbull on blood cov5ant1 #chb-chi ,tyndall on religion1 #aa 99,u99 ,us%]1 ,ar*bi%op1 8 *ronology1 #ie 99,v99 ,v$io prophecies1 #aid ,virg9-born gods1 #cfi #cga ,von ,m>t9s1 conv]sion (1 #ahc 99,w99 ,wake1 ,c4 ,/anil&1 on ,p5tateu*1 #aja ,:ately1 ,ar*bi%op1 conv]t$ by ,sir ,john ,lubbock & ,taylor1 #ahc ,:ite1 ,&rew ,d41 %[s h[ sci5ce contradicts !ology1 #ahc ,w9*ell1 ,dr4 ,alex&]1 & ! ,me?odi/s1 #ahd ,wit*es execut$1 mod]n examples1 #aah 99,z99 ,zodiac1 #adj #ada age e/imat$1 #adc ,zoroa/] prophesi$ ( virg9s1 #aid ,,! ,,end4