,illustration3 ,happy ,homes are happier if the ,,new ,,home ,,terms ,,to ,,suit ,,eve ,,the ,,new ,,home ,,sewing ,,machine ,,co ,,chas4 ,e4 ,,naylor1 ,,manager4 #gbe ,,market ,,st4 7,history ,building71 ,,san ,,francisco ,,health1 ,,happiness1 and ,,longevity4 ,health without ,medicine1 ,happiness without ,money1 ,,the ,,result1 ,,longevity4 ,,by ,l4 ,p4 ,mc,c,a,r,t,y1 ,author of the ,annual ,statistician and ,economist1 ,,san ,,francisco1 ,,cal4 ,,san ,,francisco3 ,,carson ,,co41 #baj ,,post ,,street4 ,,health ,,happiness ,,and ,,longevity4 ,entered according to ,act of ,congress in the year #ahij1 by ,l4 ,p4 ,mc,c,a,r,t,y1 ,in the ,office of the ,librarian of ,congress at ,washington1 ,d4 ,c4 ,price1 in ,flexible ,covers1 4#ge ,price1 in ,paper ,covers1 4#ej ,,address1 ,l4 ,p4 ,mc,c,a,r,t,y1 #had ,cal4 ,st41 ,s4 ,f41 ,cal4 ,,or ,,the ,,book ,,trade ,,generally4 ,,carson ,,co41 ,wholesale ,agents1 #baj ,post ,st41 ,,san ,,francisco1 ,,cal4 ,,preface4 444 to know ,that which before us lies in daily life ,is the prime wisdom4 ,what is more is fume1 ,or emptiness1 or fond impertinence1 ,and renders us1 in things that most concern1 ,unpractic'd1 unprepar'd1 and still to seek4 --,milton's ,adam to ,angel4 ,experience is honored4 ,this book is the result of experience4 ,man is interested in what pertains to health4 ,we are positive that the ideas herein set forth are healthful4 ,our profession is not that of a doctor of chemical medicines4 ,we have no hobby to ride or patent panacea to advertise1 but desire to express1 in plain1 forcible1 truthful language1 the methods by which mankind can practically achieve health1 happiness and longevity4 ,these go together4 ,why should they not8 ,related1 dependent upon each other1 the great objects of human life1 the culmination of all physical and worldly pleasure are contained in them4 ,whether you are the perfect embodiment of a business man or the ideal disciple of a certain profession1 you cannot possibly reach the highest or even most lucrative grades of your calling without health1 happiness1 and their logical consequence1 longevity4 ,they will prove trusty lieutenants4 ,without them the battle of life will draw to a close in retreat and end in defeat4 ,to assert that the average man can enjoy health without medicine1 happiness without even money1 and longevity too1 is a broad and sweeping declaration4 ,in fact1 we expect to have opposition from those who have not tried the formula laid down in the following pages4 ,to keep yourself in health without medicine is what we intend to convey2 and we assert that but little or no medicine is necessary to reach that condition4 ,to have happiness without any money 7in the present condition of society7 is not what we claim1 but that more happiness can be extracted from a competency than by more or less4 ,to live to good old age means with us #hj to #abj years1 to increase with future generations1 when order1 regularity1 sobriety1 cleanliness1 and love for the whole human family1 shall be paramount in the political1 moral1 and intellectual world4 ,the author is living on thirty years of made land4 ,in other words1 according to medical diagnosis1 he should have died thirty years ago6 ,hence he desires to put before the unhealthy1 unhappy1 and short-lived human race the result of his experience of half a century4 ,having battled with a score of diseases1 a number of which were claimed to be absolutely incurable--having freed himself entirely of them all--having been completely restored to health and happiness1 he honestly believes that he has a convincing right to be heard4 ,you can now prove for yourself4 ,,part ,i4 ,,chapter ,i4 ,health is the vital principle of bliss1 ,and exercise of health4 ,health1 ,happiness1 and ,longevity4 ,what a talisman is here6 ,in them is the magic that can rule all men4 ,no seal1 figure1 character1 engraven on a sympathetic stone1 can equal their single or combined influence4 ,say to your fellow-man1 ,if you follow my direction ,i will confer upon you health1 happiness1 and longevity1 and you will receive his lasting gratitude4 ,he will always be your friend4 ,money is potent1 but these qualities are1 as it were1 omnipotent4 ,money alone cannot bring them2 they alone can make wealth4 ,this work is not a philosophical treatise1 difficult to read and more so to comprehend4 ,its ideas are simple1 the result of long experience and observation4 ,its propositions are easily demonstrated4 ,then1 my reader1 do not think you are perusing the hobbies of a crank1 the fantasies of a dreamer1 and the preachings of him who does not practice4 ,the world has been so flooded with worthless productions of such characters that we fear we must combat severe prejudice4 ,will you lay that aside8 ,if so we will not only interest but instruct you4 ,agreeing with our premises and conclusions1 you will certainly reap some benefit2 not agreeing1 you will be tempted to further investigation1 which will inevitably prove the strength of our position4 ,this book was not written at one sitting or many1 but it is the culmination of several years' preparation4 ,while the first part is the result of thorough reasoning and experience1 the second is a collection of the best modern data on prominent diseases and their remedies1 with our own annotations4 ,both sections represent thoughtful and painstaking labor4 ,even if you are so bold as to maintain that you possess health1 happiness1 and are sure of longevity1 we believe you cannot fail to find practical1 valuable truths in these pages4 ,whether you are an editor1 merchant1 lawyer1 doctor1 minister1 or day-laborer1 we hope at least to entertain you4 ,are we right8 ,read and judge4 ,from the mythological times of ,a,esculapius down to the present day1 votaries of medical science have been compounding1 diagnosing1 and prescribing for helpless1 suffering humanity4 ,for many ages this condition may have been a necessity1 but in the light of our present civilization1 sound common sense is the best physician4 ,that doctors cannot be trusted to be right in every instance or even in a majority of them is shown by practical experiments4 ,they certainly are well proved to be an inharmonious crowd by the experience of a ,boston ,globe reporter1 who recently called upon ten regular physicians on the same day1 and described his symptoms in exactly the same language to each4 ,he received ten prescriptions1 of which no two were alike1 and a majority were utterly inconsistent each with the other4 ,nellie ,bly1 the famous lady writer of the ,new ,york ,world1 had a cold and went to over fifty of the city's leading physicians1 in ,october1 #ahhi1 asking them to prescribe for her4 ,they did1 and among the collection there were no two alike1 and many diametrically opposite in nature and effect6 ,in a lecture recently delivered before the ,cooper ,medical ,college1 ,san ,francisco1 ,cal41 on the subject of ,quacks and ,quackery1 by ,prof4 ,l4 ,c4 ,lane1 the speaker said3 ,every good thing in the world has been counterfeited1 and in these advanced times the work is so well done that it takes an expert to detect the true from the false4 ,everything is now more or less adulterated1 especially the food we consume4 ,the three great professions also of theology1 law1 and medicine1 have been and are grossly counterfeited1 especially the latter1 which opens up the widest field for imposture4 ,as the above quotations1 without an explanation1 might convey the idea to the reader that the author considers that doctors1 dentists1 and specialists are no longer a necessity1 ,i will say1 ,under the present state of society1 they are not only indispensable1 but absolutely a necessity4 ,when you are ill1 and do not know what is the matter with you1 or if you know the nature of your ailments1 and do not know a remedy1 seek a first-class physician2 take his advice in every particular until he either cures you or you are convinced he cannot4 ,i am not a prophet1 nor the son of one1 but ,i will venture an opinion that before the close of the next century1 the position of the minister1 teacher1 and physician will be filled by one and the same person4 ,the teacher then will fill the most exalted position on the earth4 ,he will not only instruct how to navigate the air without collision1 but how not to catch cold at #cj1jjj feet elevation in your shirt sleeves1 and who and what is ,god4 ,his school-house will sit upon the most elevated spot in his district1 with light reflected from all four sides2 it will be at least fifty feet from the floor of his school-room to the ceiling2 and in place of a steeple1 there will be a dome1 containing a #ajj-;inch refractor telescope1 and with the extra timber not used for a steeple1 the seats will be made more comfortable1 and pure filtered water will be supplied for the pupils to drink4 ,it is granted that the majority of mankind appreciate health1 desire happiness1 and expect longevity4 ,with this as an incentive1 why not strive to win the prize8 ,do not depend on the doctor1 do not think some drug must be applied or imbibed for every ill2 there are other methods4 ,perhaps we can aid you to the true enjoyment of life if you will impartially weigh our argument4 ,here is an editor suffering from nervousness4 ,he consults a physician1 who hands him an opiate so that he can sleep4 ,better if he had given up all thought of his paper and battles of words1 on leaving his office1 and allowed his throbbing1 weary brain a deserving rest4 ,then the cells of this brainy tissue would cease to be gorged with blood1 and sleep would positively follow4 ,again1 there is a clergyman every ,sunday beseeching his flock to obey the commandments of the ,bible2 while every day1 through carelessness1 he is breaking the laws of health4 ,if an all-wise ,being gave us our bodies as homes of our souls1 did he not mean that we should promote the happiness of the soul by providing for it a healthy residence8 ,what logic and strength exist in a religion that does not countenance such philosophy8 ,the majority of mankind admire a well-developed physique4 ,the minister wishes and prays to influence the masses of men4 ,can he reach them effectively1 can he point to himself as an example1 can he sway them by any reasoning or eloquence1 when he himself has a husky voice1 a pallid face1 and a weakened figure8 ,indeed1 the cowled1 decrepit monk could lead the world in the darkness of the middle ages2 but in the brightness of the nineteenth century his scepter is powerless4 ,health1 ,happiness and ,longevity seem to be all that is required for mortal man4 ,they are the foundation1 the superstructure1 and the apex respectively of the great ,pyramid of life4 ,who would desire more than the possession of perfect health1 the realization of happiness1 the achievement of ripe old age1 retaining all the pleasurable attributes of ,perfected ,manhood1 experiencing all these until called upon to surrender this present house of clay for a more advanced state1 whatever that may be8 ,such degrees of soundness1 felicity1 and age1 which we have mentioned1 are within the reach of all who desire them1 if they will observe the rules implied in the following terms1 arranged in the order of their importance3 ,regularity1 ,cleanliness1 ,temperance 7or moderation71 ,morality1 and ,self-control4 ,it is safe to state the proposition that there is not one in a thousand of those induced to peruse this humble effort1 who will not claim to possess one or more of the foregoing virtues1 while a fair minority will urge that they are characterized by all of them4 ,that your egoism may not get the better of you in the start and bias you before reading my talk1 ,i will frankly say that there is hardly a person living to-day who is either regular1 cleanly1 temperate1 moral1 or self-controlled4 ,it is a fact that some have made fair efforts in those lines of action1 but we shall attempt to prove that not any have perfected themselves in a single attribute above mentioned4 ,with us1 regularity1 cleanliness1 temperance1 morality1 and self-control are so interlaced as to become synonymous terms1 the perfection of any one of which means the consummation of all1 while their master could laugh at sorrow1 pain1 and even death1 for through long years they would pass his door and forget to knock4 ,just in proportion as we approximate these virtues1 correspondingly will our lives be prolonged and our happiness intensified4 ,fear will not prostrate us because ,death rides on every passing breeze1 ,he lurks in every flower4 ,as modifying the foregoing partially1 let us understand1 however1 that it is possible to have health and longevity to a wonderful degree without cleanliness1 temperance1 morality1 and self-control1 on one vital consideration4 ,that is1 the continual exercise of regularity4 ,here we have the corner-stone of the whole structure of health1 the cardinal first law4 ,but can we be happy without the generous employment of all these virtues8 ,obviously and fortunately1 we cannot4 ,health is also the chief desideratum to happiness4 ,as disease creeps through the physical frame1 as aches and pains increase and torment our bodies1 our doubts supplant faith in the ,source of all goodness4 ,after a quarter of a century's constant devotion1 in sackcloth and ashes1 as it were1 attempting to free the body from the shackles of pulmonary consumption1 and growing gradually worse during the whole period1 the majority of devotees1 we think1 would begin to inquire1 ,are our prayers lacking sincerity8 or is the ,source of goodness at this time otherwise occupied8 or may it not be that this for which ,i ask1 ,i must seek by personal action8 ,we will try this self-helping method2 if success comes1 we will return to the same altar with a more exalted idea of a higher ,source4 ,cleansed of our maladies1 we will have a clearer perception of who and what is ,god4 ,,chapter ,,ii4 ,there is naught like universal co-operation to promote universal achievement4 ,individuals may seek and obtain health through the agencies already1 and to be1 suggested4 ,to keep in health1 their neighbors must be induced or compelled to adopt the same course4 ,this is not an absolute law1 but manifestly is very essential4 ,supposing your own house1 sidewalk1 alley1 or yard1 are comparatively immaculate1 it will be impossible to live without constant danger and exposure if your friend 7or enemy in this sense7 has an untidy house1 a dirty sidewalk1 and a filthy yard1 in your proximity4 ,then how encouraging to note that health is as contagious as disease4 ,it even spreads with greater rapidity4 ,health is gladly welcomed2 disease is shunned like a deadly poison4 ,all over the world past and contemporary history proves that1 once started1 health spreads at a rate that disease cannot follow4 ,what will surely result8 ,healthful communities will make healthful municipalities2 healthful municipalities will end in commonwealths and nations of like character4 ,the whole earth will be leavened4 ,from a record of #cd years as the average duration of human life1 the thermometer of universal progress will point to the threescore and ten1 or #gj years4 ,if you were induced to smile at the close of the last sentence1 it shows that you are not lost to all sense of appreciation--but quietly put on your sober cap for a moment and read a few facts on vital statistics4 ,the average length of life up to twenty years ago was #cc years1 now it has reached about #cd4h years4 ,this has not been caused by the whole world becoming more healthful--indeed1 some portions of the earth1 including sections of the ,united ,states1 have retrograded1 and the former limit of mortality has been lowered--but by the health of a number of organizations1 sects1 and individuals who have increased their standards of regularity1 cleanliness1 temperance1 morality1 and self-control4 ,thus the average rate of mortality has been raised nearly #b4 ,an interesting fact which is new to the majority of persons is this1 that the whole sect of ,friends1 or ,quakers1 live an average of #eh years per individual4 ,in the thirty-two years from #ahej to #ahhb they raised the average six years1 or about one year in five4 ,with this ratio1 which is itself increasing1 the plurality of ,quakers will be centenarians in less than two hundred years--in half that time if assisted by the world at large4 ,by the foregoing it will be seen that the whole organization of ,friends live #gj longer than the general age allotted to mankind1 which includes them to make up the universal rate4 ,another noticeable feature in connection with the ,quakers' life is this1 the deaths among them average #ah in every thousand2 in the general population1 #bb per thousand2 while the amount given to charities per inhabitant in that sect is #g4gh1 and in the total population the average is #a4df4 ,why this difference in longevity to so marked a degree8 ,the prohibitionist will give this reason1 that the ,friends dissipate less2 the religionists will say they are more truthful1 more godly4 ,while each of the aforementioned reasons have a healthful tendency1 there is a more scientific conclusion1 for it is a well-known fact that there are thousands of cases of longevity of men and women who lack every moral principle1 and dissipate all their lives4 ,the scientist comes to our rescue4 ,he tells us that the ,quaker's life is prolonged by his methodical way of living1 evenness of temperament1 wearing the same weight of clothing1 allowing nothing to furrow the brow1 regularity of sleeping1 drinking1 exercising1 and eating4 ,he takes no food or drink into his stomach above #ajj degrees or below #ej degrees ,fahr4 ,boiling hot soup and frozen ice-cream are unknown in a ,quaker family4 ,this might convey the idea that ice-cream is foresworn by them4 ,not entirely so4 ,they use the same good judgment in that as in every other indulgence1 allowing the cream to rise in temperature from #aj degrees to #ae degrees above the freezing point1 to soft consistency1 before it is taken into the stomach4 ,dr4 ,ufflemann1 a ,german physician of authority1 draws some important conclusions from his own experiments and those of others4 ,the rules laid down are briefly3-- #a4 ,that1 in general1 a temperature of food which approaches that of the blood is most healthful4 #b4 ,for quenching the thirst the best temperature is from #ej degrees ,fahr4 to #fh degrees ,fahr4 ,americans prefer about #dj degrees4 #c4 ,the gulping down of ice-water or hot coffee1 etc41 means eventually a stomach damnation4 #d4 ,the use of very hot and cold substances1 following or alternating1 is injurious to the teeth4 #e4 ,ingestion of cold food and drinks lessens the bodily temperature1 whether it be normal or febrile4 #f4 ,cold food and drinks increase the tendency to cough1 by causing1 reflexly1 a congestion of the bronchial vessels4 ,hence persons with bronchial disease ought not to indulge in cold drinks4 ,the habits of indulgence in alcoholic drinks1 tobacco1 opium1 and other narcotics or stimulants1 have less to do than is generally supposed with longevity1 but much to do with happiness1 while their abuse or irregularity determines all for health1 happiness1 and longevity combined4 ,temperance men and moralists will take issue with me1 and undertake to prove that any quantity1 no matter how small1 of either alcohol1 tobacco1 or opium will shorten life2 but the facts will not sustain the assertion4 ,it is the irregularity with which the body is treated1 either by outward application or bathing1 in eating1 sleeping1 or excess in all vices4 ,for health1 a regular gratification in the full list of vices is better than having no vices--such as are so termed by the world--and being irregular in everything else4 ,while ,i do not believe in practising any form of vice1 yet the man who takes six drinks of alcoholic spirits in reasonable quantities at fixed intervals each day1 smokes six cigars--two after each meal--chews three ounces of tobacco with the same punctuality every day1 eats his meals slowly and at stated periods1 sleeps from #h-a_/b to #i hours per night between the same hours1 will outlive the man who neither smokes1 chews1 or drinks1 but does eat and sleep irregularly1 and lies awake all night hating his neighbor for his immoralities4 ,he gets thin and haggard1 followed by all the weaknesses to which his system is heir2 while the other man1 with his evenness of nature1 habits1 and dissipations1 enjoys health1 becomes fat1 and lives to the proverbial good old age4 ,here1 then1 my reader1 we have the explanation why a man may live through dissipation all his life1 and then die only by accident at #hj or #ajj years of age4 ,a beggar1 miser1 or hermit may by degrees contract the habit of filthiness1 non-bathing1 scantiness of food and improper clothing1 with such regularity that he will outlive all his friends and relatives1 and be chronicled at his death as one of the centenarians4 ,as an interesting fact1 we state that in #ahhh a beggar1 aged #hd1 in ,perth1 ,hungary1 tried to commit suicide by throwing himself into the ,danube because he was no longer able to support his father and mother1 who were #aae and #aaj years old respectively6 ,poisons may be taken in infinitesimal doses for a while1 then increasing by degrees until twenty grains of morphia or strychnia may be taken at a single dose without immediate injury4 ,there is at least one case of positive record in ,colusa ,county1 of this ,state4 ,in closing this chapter we wish to call attention to a reasonable result of true system1 or regularity4 ,here is a convict in the ,state prison4 ,before he was incarcerated his health was imperfect1 and he wore a sallow1 dejected look2 but behold him after six months of strict penitentiary discipline2 he is a well man1 fat and sleek--no longer a semi-invalid4 ,there are exceptions1 but they are due to melancholy generally4 ,a soldier after he enlists1 unless he is exposed to the constant privations of protracted war1 throws off most defects in his physique4 ,you must know the cause2 it is the compulsory regulation of diet and clothing4 ,cleanliness and regularity are forced upon them1 showing it to be just what they needed4 ,,chapter ,,iii4 ,let health my nerves and finer fibers brace4 ,the possession of health1 happiness1 and longevity requires not so much a general literary and scientific education1 as a practical knowledge of one's own self4 ,the latter will far outweigh the other4 ,in many ways1 however1 will these qualities be improved by the former4 ,a person must know what is regularity1 cleanliness1 and temperance1 or moderation4 ,by the use of these effective auxiliaries1 ,i have freed myself of so many maladies within the last thirty years that the average medical devotee will laugh in derision and question my trustworthiness4 ,for the first eleven years of my life ,i had seven years of wasting sickness4 ,of these1 five were spent in bed4 ,at the age of #bb ,i left a clerkship in ,new ,york ,city to come to ,california1 via ,cape ,horn4 ,consumption was strongly seated on my lungs4 ,in addition to this dangerous affliction ,i had bronchitis1 catarrh1 constipation1 piles1 periodical rheumatism1 cataracts on my eyes1 corns on my feet1 and fever and ague from one to three months every year4 ,surely ,i was in a position to sympathize with ,job1 but impatient1 rather than patient like the ,biblical hero4 ,i set myself towards absolute health4 ,before ,i had been in this ,state two years1 ,i gained the mastery of the lung and throat troubles2 but while assisting in putting in a flume in ,feather ,river1 below ,oroville1 in #ahei1 ,i ruptured myself so that for twenty-five years ,i wore a truss4 ,now ,i am entirely rid of the aforementioned list of ailments1 including hernia4 ,the detail of how ,i treated each of the maladies might not interest the reader1 and is too long a story to relate in this work4 ,the principal things done in each case1 however1 will be chronicled under their proper heads in the second part of this work4 ,see index4 ,i do not now smoke1 chew1 nor drink intoxicants2 the latter ,i did to a limited degree1 and the former to excess1 for a number of years1 up to the close of #ahfi4 ,on the #cast day of ,december of that year--the day ,i smoked my last cigar--,i bought twenty-five cigars and smoked twenty-three of them4 ,my cigar bill that year averaged #b4ej per day1 and ran as high as #d4jj4 ,having dissipated1 and had nearly every form of disease1 ,i speak from my own thorough experience and not from that of anyone else4 ,why should not my story1 then1 have a beneficial influence8 ,if any man knows how he can improve the welfare of his fellows1 it is his duty to spread the information4 ,true it is that many of the quasi reformers1 or informers1 are cranks or dreamers2 but we wish the fact distinctly understood and appreciated that we come not under that category4 ,we raise no false standard2 we send forth no untried hypothesis4 ,there is a man in a ,new ,england ,state who annually lectures on agriculture1 writes special and general articles for the country papers on the most improved methods of farming1 appears before legislative committees as a successful tiller of the soil4 ,but1 alas6 what superficiality is contained in this man's brain4 ,his house is a barn1 his garden a chicken-yard1 his orchard a forest1 and his meadow a pasture4 ,there are like phantasmagoric geniuses interested in the health question4 ,we simply say1 ,trust them not4 ,shun them and their advice as you would the presence and enticings of a bunco steerer4 ,but you will get impatient to learn in what consists cleanliness1 regularity1 and temperance if ,i do not proceed4 ,indeed1 ,i think ,i can hear some of you say1 ,i neither chew1 drink1 smoke1 eat irregularly1 or miss my stipulated number of hours in bed2 yet ,i have all manner of aches and pains1 and many lingering maladies4 ,if such be the case1 you do not understand the true principle and its practical application of cleanliness4 ,a word here in regard to bathing4 ,there is no doubt we all should bathe at least once a day4 ,it should be done either at retiring or rising4 ,if a warm or hot bath1 at night2 if cold or sponge bath1 in the morning4 ,of course1 if a person is not accustomed to a cold sponge bath1 or is quite nervous1 he must not attempt it too strongly at first4 ,commence and advance by gradation4 ,almost anything can be done to which an individual is unaccustomed if regular steps are taken towards the end1 and not one leap4 ,whether it be beneficial or destructive1 invigorating or poisoning1 gradation will accomplish the end4 ,madame ,patti1 who always has been obliged to take the greatest care of herself1 gives this warning1 which may not be out of place3 ,take plenty of exercise1 take it in the open air1 take it alone1 and breathe with the mouth closed4 ,live on simple food2 all the fruit and rare beef you want1 very little pastry1 a glass of claret for dinner1 coffee in moderation1 but never a sip of beer1 because it thickens the voice and stupefies the senses4 ,keep regular hours for work1 meals1 rest1 and recreation1 and never under any circumstances indulge in the fashionable habit of eating late suppers4 ,if you want to preserve the beauty of face1 and the priceless beauty of youth1 keep well1 keep clean1 keep erect1 and keep cool4 ,without being didactic1 let me detail to you a few things you should and should not do2 and all of which ,i carry out to the letter3-- ,adopt some style of clothing so that even if you change the color the weight will be about the same4 ,wear no overcoat1 overshoes1 nor gloves2 in their place wear a sufficiently heavy suit when it is warm1 so as to have enough on when it is cold4 ,by wearing a chest protector fore and aft of the lungs1 made of chamois and flannel1 over the under-garment and under the shirt1 you will never take cold through your lungs4 ,have good1 thick-soled boots--and always of the same thickness--and you will not take cold through your feet4 ,have a hat always of the same weight1 and that should be light1 with ventilators in the top or sides4 ,if you do not wear your hat at the lunch table1 or in your place of business1 you will not catch cold in your head4 ,a large list of accessories accompany the above3-- ,never sit at your desk or home fireside with the same coat which you use on the street4 ,in its place have one #ej per cent lighter for such occasions and positions4 ,never sleep in your under-garments1 nor in any other clothing that you carry during the day4 ,the reason is strong and obvious4 ,your covering in the course of the day receives all the perspiration and surface deposit of the skin1 which amounts to considerable in sixteen hours4 ,this must have a chance to escape or be absorbed by the air4 ,the amount is only increased by wearing the same garments at night4 ,have a good warm night-shirt1 and a clean one at least every week4 ,do not sleep in a room without having the windows down from the top to some extent4 ,if there be six1 lower three of them4 ,if you sleep with a companion and do not know anything about animal magnetism1 find out through someone who does know4 ,ascertain which of you is more positive1 and govern yourself accordingly4 ,i find best results for me in sleeping with my head north1 and on the west side of a negative companion4 ,this principle of magnetism is too little observed4 ,yet it applies to all persons at all times4 ,naturally some individuals are more magnetic than others1 that is1 more positive4 ,usually1 if not always1 the more masculine1 swarthy1 is the more positive1 while the light-haired and eyed are negative4 ,sleep invariably with your head towards the north if you are positive1 towards the west if you are negative1 but never in any case towards the east or south4 ,these conclusions are based wholly on scientific reasons1 and anyone who understands physics will see the cogency of our statements4 ,as a preventative against anything that has once been in my stomach rising and remaining on the tongue1 ,i use a piece of ordinary whalebone to curry it every morning1 from end to end4 ,this will tend to purify the breath1 sweeten the mouth1 and aid mastication4 ,my tooth brush1 after using1 is so thoroughly cleansed and dried that anyone acquainted with the facts would hardly believe it had been used4 ,there are millions of particles of dust1 atoms1 microbes1 or any other name you may use1 that collect upon your person and clothing hourly4 ,if your garments be tattered and torn1 or patched and glazed1 this will not shorten your life or lessen your appetite2 but ,i assure you1 if you will use up a #ae-;cent whisk-broom twice a year1 in brushing yourself from head to foot before each meal1 there will be less to fall upon your food1 and thus find its way to your stomach1 and your days will be prolonged in exact ratio4 ,,chapter ,,iv4 ,on life's vast ocean diversely we sail1 ,reason the card1 but passion is the gale4 ,there are more diseases contracted1 more unhappiness created during life1 and early decay occasioned1 by politeness and pride than by whisky and tobacco combined4 ,total-abstinence advocates will assert that drink kills more than all other causes4 ,what would they think if we should say1 if he is a reformed drinker1 that it was out of pure politeness that he quaffed his first glass4 ,politeness is the cause of disease in many ways1 of which the following are a few3-- ,a friend--only in name--will stop you in the first corner of the street and insist on telling you a good787 joke about ,brown1 ,smith1 or ,jones4 ,he takes you by the lapels of the coat1 holds you to windward for twenty minutes in a breeze blowing twenty-five miles an hour1 although this lays you up with a cold for a week1 and thus plants the first seeds of consumption4 ,you will be too polite to tell him that your health will not permit you to be so exposed4 ,as a remedy for this class of attacks1 if a man insists on saying anything more than ,how do you do or ,good-bye1 ,i should invite him into the nearest hall-way or around the corner to leeward1 entirely out of the draft4 ,if this does not seem feasible1 ,i would bid him ,good-day4 ,another case of excessive politeness is when a gentleman or lady continues chatting ten minutes in the hall after he or she must go immediately4 ,then at the door after they have walked out1 you1 in dressing-gown and slippers1 stand on the cold marble step in a driving fog for twenty minutes more1 to hear the latest gossip--too polite to slam the door in their faces1 or excuse it as an accident4 ,but the politeness that kills faster than any other is that of the consumptive1 bronchially-affected1 or catarrhal patient4 ,he will sit at the table1 or in company1 and1 out of pure politeness1 swallow the mucus and other impurities that arise in his throat--too polite to use a cuspidor or excuse himself by withdrawing to another room or the open air1 and clear his throat4 ,a great many people are accustomed to expectorate into their handkerchiefs4 ,this is a baneful practice4 ,just as soon as that gets dry which they have thrown up from their lungs1 innumerable microbes of deadly effect escape and do extensive harm4 ,avoid this habit and use the cuspidor or step out-of-doors4 ,it is not unreasonable to believe that #ej per cent of all the consumptives would recover if they would1 by care and cleanliness1 see that no particle of mucus once away from the lungs should ever go back down the throat1 and observe other points regarding apparel and cleanliness mentioned in the first part of this work4 ,we have already devoted some space to what we should and should not do4 ,all that1 however1 is but a small part of a life which will continually experience health1 happiness1 and longevity4 ,we trust you do not simply read these statements not intending to test their value4 ,it is not unlikely that many of you from your course or line of business will find it eminently difficult to absolutely follow our instructions4 ,be that as it may1 come as approximately as you can1 and there will positively result an improvement in your physical condition1 a progression in your happiness1 and a realization of longevity4 ,the remainder of this chapter will be occupied by a program1 or rather set of formula of what is necessary to aid you in keeping well1 living long and happily4 ,keep your bowels open and regular in action4 ,this you can do1 if irregular or constipated1 by taking a few drops of water in your right hand every morning and rubbing the bowels in a circular motion from right to left1 until a friction is produced and the moisture gone4 ,from six to ten separate passages of the hand over the bowels is usually sufficient1 and the object will be accomplished4 ,each day this is repeated2 in a very short time you will be all right in this particular1 and will not require even this effective medicine4 ,you must be aware that a score of maladies are kept at bay by the regularity of the bowels4 ,this fact cannot be too strongly impressed on mankind in general4 ,it is very seldom indeed that you come upon a man who is well with a bad digestive apparatus2 but1 again1 he who possesses a strong stomach and is moderate and regular in eating is almost invariably characterized with a vigorous constitution4 ,disease finds no place to locate upon or in him4 ,there is no doubt the ,american people eat too fast1 and that is why so many die so soon4 ,the system is worn out when it should be ready to do its best work4 ,if all the men and women in this country would eat #ej slower they would live #be longer4 ,of this we have no doubt--nor do you1 reader4 ,sleep eight hours every night1 between the same hours1 as nearly as possible1 in a room well ventilated from the top of the window4 ,if your room is small you will require more ventilation than if it is large2 in this case use more clothing on the bed4 ,if possible have a bowl or basin of water uncovered in the room1 but the next morning do not either drink or wash your face in the water that has stood exposed all night4 ,to drink it is slow suicide2 to wash in it is unhealthy4 ,in the morning scrape the tongue with a strip of whalebone1 as before mentioned2 brush the teeth with a good stiff clean tooth-brush1 up and down1 but not across2 note this latter proposition1 there is reason for it4 ,by perpendicular brushing the bristles or hairs get in between the teeth1 where much sediment is left1 and the gums are not made sore4 ,this is the best method also to prevent tartar forming4 ,gargle the throat with clean water three or four times2 then1 if you have it at hand1 drink about three swallows of cool filtered water2 if not near go thirsty until it is4 ,never take a drink of water1 whether you be sick or well1 without first gargling the throat with at least one swallow and spitting it out4 ,do you think filtering of reservoir or general city water is necessary8 ,if not1 then make a microscopic examination1 and any skepticism will be entirely removed4 ,it is a prominent fact in science to-day that almost all diseases and troubles are started or promulgated by microbes and bacilli4 ,there are often enough of these in one swallow of water to poison a whole family4 ,then take a moist towel and apply it to every part of your body2 follow this with a vigorous rubbing with a dry towel4 ,a sponge bath is recommended by many physicians4 ,this is all right for the first time1 but from that on the sponge begins to get foul1 not from necessity1 but because not one person in fifty will wash and thoroughly dry the sponge4 ,in any other case it is a disease breeder4 ,perforated with so many cells and passages1 intricate and numberless1 it is not surprising that it should be the residence of much that is dangerous4 ,during the time of your bath you should close the windows of your room to exclude the cold draughts--in any part of the country where the atmosphere moves over two miles per hour--but not the sun4 ,after this lower or raise your window to the height or level of the eyes1 and proceed to enjoy a breathing exercise4 ,this is done by first exhausting all the air from the lungs through the mouth1 then inhale1 slowly1 through the nasal organs to the full capacity of the lungs4 ,do this three times or more each morning4 ,if your lungs are not too weak1 tap with your fingers on your chest while it is inflated4 ,this will tend to develop your capacity of breathing wonderfully4 ,the gentle percussion thus effected is quite exhilarating4 ,practice yourself also in holding your breath for a prolonged interval1 but always draw in air through your nostrils2 they strain out all impurities4 ,you are now ready for your breakfast2 but1 perhaps you say1 ,i am a workingman and have not the time4 ,to such ,i would reply3 ,i go through all these duties in one hour's time1 and if belated ,i accomplish it in forty minutes4 ,if ,i have to take a train at #e ,a4 ,m41 ,i see that ,i am called at #d ,a4 ,m41 at least1 and enjoy my regular time for toilet4 ,i would advise those of you who think you have not time1 to go to bed that much earlier4 ,even if you are to travel1 by using my method of preparation you will not experience that tired1 disagreeable1 restless feeling that will otherwise come4 ,you all know how intensely that feeling acts to destroy all your pleasure until the day is half over and it is worn away4 ,employ common-sense ways and you will be as fresh at #f as at #ab o'clock4 ,your lips will not be blue1 your skin cold1 your teeth unclean1 your mouth dry1 your eyes red1 and your whole self out of sorts as it were4 ,,chapter ,v4 ,of right choice food are his meals1 ,i ween4 ,now as to what you should eat1 what you should not eat1 and how you should eat4 ,this is perhaps the greatest problem for a man to solve4 ,a man with a bad digestive apparatus is practically an invalid4 ,we have no hesitation in saying that there is as much bodily injury done by over and careless eating among people commonly called temperate as among those who drink alcoholic liquors to a large extent4 ,if you would preserve your vital strength and capabilities for a happy1 long period1 mind your diet4 ,don't rest too much on the insane idea that you have a stomach of iron and that you can digest shingle nails4 ,you are not a species of the genus ostrich1 or goat4 ,then if you really do possess organs that can take care of all kinds of food1 their splendid power should not be destroyed or even weakened by improper indulgence4 ,the mightiest engine is soon as valueless as old iron if it is continually exerted to its greatest velocity4 ,if inanimate mechanism cannot stand a permanent strain surely bodily flesh would be quickly disabled4 ,some foods are particularly muscle formers1 others produce fat1 and still others brain and nerve1 while most of the common articles of diet combine these uses in varying degrees4 ,but the question to cover our entire physical needs requires to be broadened into this3 ,what combination of food will best nourish the body8 ,even then the answer must be modified to suit individual cases1 for the digestive power differs greatly in different persons4 ,moreover1 there is an interdependence between the different bodily organs and tissues1 so that the body must be built up as a whole4 ,if one part lacks the whole suffers1 and if one part is overfed the others will be underfed4 ,thus a person who becomes unduly fat loses in muscular fiber1 either in quantity or quality4 ,one who overfeeds the brain loses in muscular strength4 ,so1 too1 muscular development may be carried to such excess as to impoverish the brain1 and also to reduce the fat of the body below what is necessary both as surplus food laid up for emergencies1 and as a protection against sudden changes of temperature4 ,the best food for producing muscle1 therefore1 must1 while being duly appetizing1 contain a large per cent of nitrates for the muscles1 of phosphates for the brain and nerves1 and of carbonates for the fat4 ,of nitrates1 beans stand at #bd per cent1 then peas at #bb1 cabbage and salmon at #bj1 oats at #ag1 eggs and veal at #af1 and beef at #ae4 ,of phosphates1 salmon stands first at #g1 then codfish at #f1 beef and eggs at #e1 beans and veal at #d1 and cabbage1 peas1 and oats at #c4 ,of carbonates1 butter stands at the head at #ajj1 rice at #hj1 corn and rye at #gb1 wheat at #fi1 oats at #ff1 peas at #fj1 beans at #eg1 and cabbage at #df4 ,fresh codfish fried in fat or served with butter gravy about equals beef in all respects1 and so do eggs fried in fat4 ,but we must add3-- ,the mere eating of food cannot make muscle4 ,the muscles must be called into vigorous daily exercise1 yet without overdoing4 ,excessive eating is weakening1 and must be avoided4 ,it is the amount digested and assimilated that tells1 not the quantity taken into the stomach4 ,all the laws of health must be steadily observed4 ,we are in favor of a diet that excludes meat entirely2 and once a day should be the excess of those who indulge in the flesh-eating luxury4 ,a suspicion that there is a difference between merely getting food down into the stomach and its digestion1 is abroad1 and that a peach1 an orange1 an apple1 a spoonful of flour1 or something similar1 which is digested1 is really better for a man than a beefsteak1 which simply passes through the alimentary canal4 ,see ,food for further consideration of vegetarianism4 ,for breakfast have any of the numerous preparations of mush1 such as oatmeal1 cracked wheat1 and germea1 every other day some kind of fish2 of the miscellaneous1 potatoes baked or boiled1 eggs poached1 boiled1 or omelette1 and natural fruit2 of drinks1 water1 filtered or boiled1 and not below #ef degrees ,fahr41 milk1 pure and sweet but not cream1 cocoa1 chocolate1 tea1 or coffee4 ,these are good and beneficial in the order they are placed4 ,the following from the ,n4 ,y4 ,medical ,record is invaluable information3-- ,stimulants 7drink most healthful74--,milk heated to much above #ajj degrees ,fahrenheit loses for a time a degree of its sweetness and density4 ,no one who1 fatigued by over-exertion of body or mind1 has ever experienced the reviving influence of a tumbler of this beverage1 heated as warm as it can be sipped1 will willingly forego a resort to it because of its being rendered somewhat less acceptable to the palate4 ,the promptness with which its cordial influence is felt is indeed surprising4 ,some portion of it seems to be digested and appropriated almost immediately1 and many who now fancy they need alcoholic stimulants when exhausted by fatigue will find in this simple draught an equivalent that will be abundantly satisfying and far more enduring in its effects4 ,there is many an ignorant overworked woman who fancies she could not keep up without her beer2 she mistakes its momentary exhilaration for strength1 and applies the whip instead of nourishment to her poor1 exhausted frame4 ,any honest1 intelligent physician will tell her that there is more real strength and nourishment in a slice of bread than in a quart of beer2 but if she loves stimulants it would be a very useless piece of information4 ,it is claimed that some of the lady clerks in our own city1 and those too who are employed in respectable business houses1 are in the habit of ordering ale or beer at the restaurants4 ,they probably claim that they are 'tired1' and no one who sees their faithful devotion to customers all day will doubt their assertions4 ,but they should not mistake beer for a blessing or stimulus for strength4 ,a careful examination of statistics will prove that men and women who do not drink can endure more hardships1 and do more work1 and live longer1 than those less temperate4 ,if you must eat meat for breakfast1 have your steak rare1 mutton chops well done2 if fish1 always well done2 and if each are fried1 use butter1 not lard--the same applies to everything else that has to be fried4 ,all meats are sweeter and more healthful broiled than fried4 ,of bread1 for health1 natural graham comes first2 and1 in order of nutrition1 corn1 corn and wheat mixed1 rye1 and wheat4 ,they should be taken cold and at least twenty-four hours after baking4 ,if the midday meal is a lunch1 all dishes should be cold4 ,it can be made up largely from dishes left over from the morning meal1 such as cold cracked wheat with milk1 natural fruit2 add nuts1 sauces1 jellies1 and prepared fruit4 ,if dinner is taken at noon instead of lunch at that hour1 any one of the score of vegetable soups are first in value2 all other kinds are secondary2 let there be from three to six kinds of vegetables cooked2 any of the drinks mentioned for breakfast may be used1 but none of them iced2 cold bread1 and no pastry unless an open pie with unshortened undercrust4 ,an excellent morsel for dyspeptics is sea biscuit dipped in cold water and then placed in a hot oven from three to five minutes4 ,if meat is to be a portion of this meal1 you can have beef1 mutton1 or venison1 roasted or broiled1 the former rare1 and the two latter well done4 ,provided dinner is enjoyed at the close of the day1 it should occur before #e3cj ,p4 ,m42 if at midday1 then the lunch meal can be renamed supper1 and can be partaken of as late as #f or #g ,p4 ,m4 ,let there be no eating two meals for ,sundays and holidays1 and three for other days1 or indulging in them at later hours in the morning and earlier in the evening2 for this irregularity will detriment more than many kinds of improper food4 ,do not eat fresh pork1 for this and every other kind of swine flesh is an abomination4 ,eat no kidney1 liver1 or tripe2 deal sparingly with fowl and all the bird family4 ,outside impure water and uncleanliness1 there can be but one cause for skin diseases1 eczema1 boils1 and the dread leprosy1 which is the eating of pork1 kidney1 liver1 duck1 etc4 ,if the lion indiscriminately kills and eats all kinds of flesh1 and thereby is made ferocious1 if the lamb is rendered passive and inoffensive by grasses and grains1 then what the swine or different domestic fowls eat must have something to do with the make-up of the flesh of their bodies4 ,the hog is the most filthy animal of that nature1 while chicken and duck are the most so in the line of fowls used by man for food4 ,it is offensive but true that they will not only eat but relish both their own and man's excrement4 ,we cannot use space foolishly1 if we show plainly why pork should be abandoned4 ,did you ever stop to think on what most swine live8 ,swill is the most common term for it4 ,anything and everything that is the refuse of a boarding-house will they eagerly devour4 ,give them rotten apples and potatoes1 full of innumerable microbes1 and they will relish the repast4 ,place them in a dung heap--they will root1 and eat much of what they find4 ,now all meat1 all flesh and tissue1 is made from what an animal or person eats--if he doesn't eat he grows thin and starves4 ,then the hog's flesh is made from elements derived from swill1 decayed substances1 and everything either cooked1 uncooked1 or even digested1 that man is through with or has cast off4 ,you who eat pork relish that which once you have refused to eat--only in another form4 ,can you enjoy this meat when you consider all this8 ,surely its use means bad health and contamination4 ,skin diseases and poor complexions are found almost entirely among those who live on these improper foods4 ,again1 even if you feed swine on clean corn1 milk1 and water1 we ascertain by careful experiment and examination that pork is most susceptible to bacteria of almost any meat4 ,better boycott it altogether4 ,leprosy and skin troubles are found largely among pork-eating people--such as the inhabitants of the ,hawaiian ,islands1 where there are #gdi lepers4 ,on the other hand1 ,jews1 who everywhere are marked with clear skins1 avoid pork4 ,in ,constantinople there are #bej lepers1 in ,crete upwards of #c1jjj1 and quantities in the islands of eastern ,mediterranean ,sea1 and #a1jjj in ,norway4 ,these places are all characterized by the great amount of pork1 and duck too1 that they consume4 ,other things not good for invalids1 and will make strong persons invalids1 are3 ,fried potatoes1 hot cakes1 warm bread1 pound cake1 green cucumbers1 and rich pie-crust4 ,eat only those things that will excite the salivary glands to assist digestion4 ,the walls1 not the center of the alimentary canal1 need attention4 ,have your soup cool enough so that it will not cause tears in your eyes when you swallow--same with your coffee1 tea1 and other warm drinks2 take no ice drinks2 if you are used to having water only with your meals1 drink it warm with sugar and milk1 and not hot4 ,if you are obliged to live in a second-class boarding-house or restaurant1 and are obliged to take one of three meals each day at such a place1 insist on having a napkin4 ,use it first to wipe your glass for water1 then follow by polishing every utensil set before you for use at your meal4 ,if note is taken of the napkin before and after each meal1 you will be able by a mathematical calculation to tell just how much real estate did not belong to you4 ,how you should eat3 ,begin with one swallow of cool water4 ,eat slowly2 take full #bj minutes for a hurried meal1 and #de minutes when you have the time4 ,if you eat beefsteak1 have it rare2 if mutton chops1 have them well done2 if fish1 well done and brown2 if potatoes1 first choice1 baked2 second1 boiled2 third1 stewed or mashed4 ,never eat decayed vegetables or fruit2 have them fresh or do without them4 ,at table1 see that the conversation is pleasant and mirthful4 ,should any of the younger members of the family insist1 at each meal1 in changing this order of things1 cause them for a short season to sit at a separate table in the kitchen1 until this sort of disease--for disease it is--may be cured4 ,nothing retards digestion1 brings dyspepsia1 or creates neuralgia1 to such extent as a sullen disposition4 ,we will end this chapter with a remarkably bright paraphrase on the ten commandments1 which we recently ran across3-- ,,the ,,ten ,,health ,,commandments4 #a4 ,thou shalt have no other food than at meal-time4 #b4 ,thou shalt not make unto thee any pies1 or put into pastry the likeness of anything that is in the heavens above or in the waters under the earth4 ,thou shalt not fall to eating it or trying to digest it4 ,for the dyspepsia will be visited upon the children to the third and fourth generation of them that eat pie2 and long life and vigor upon those that live prudently and keep the laws of health4 #c4 ,remember thy bread to bake it well2 for he will not be kept sound that eateth his bread as dough4 #d4 ,thou shalt not indulge sorrow or borrow anxiety in vain4 #e4 ,six days shalt thou wash and keep thyself clean1 and the seventh thou shalt take a great bath2 thou1 and thy son1 and thy daughter1 and thy man-servant1 and thy maid-servant1 and the stranger that is within thy gates4 ,for in six days man sweats and gathers filth and bacteria enough for disease2 wherefore the ,lord has blessed the bath-tub and hallowed it4 #f4 ,remember thy sitting-room and bed-chamber to keep them ventilated1 that thy days may be long in the land which the ,lord thy ,god giveth thee4 #g4 ,thou shalt not eat hot biscuit4 #h4 ,thou shalt not eat thy meat fried4 #i4 ,thou shalt not swallow thy food unchewed1 or highly spiced1 or just before hard work1 or just after it4 #aj4 ,thou shalt not keep late hours in thy neighbor's house1 nor with thy neighbor's wife1 nor his man-servant1 nor his maid-servant1 nor his cards1 nor his glass1 nor with anything that is thy neighbor's4--,new ,england ,farmer4 ,with the use of the foregoing as a guide1 and ordinary judgment in the affairs with your fellow-men1 life will run smoothly1 happiness will follow1 and a long life be the result4 ,,chapter ,,vi4 ,let the jewel of happiness poise in the setting of health4 ,if you are a reader of this work to find out a cure for consumption1 catarrh1 bronchitis1 constipation1 hemorrhoids or piles1 hernia or rupture1 rheumatism1 fever and ague1 cataracts on the eyes1 warts on the hands1 corns on the feet1 and how to abstain from drink and tobacco in all injurious forms1 we will try and not disappoint you4 ,under the head of each disease above named1 see index and second part4 ,we offer you a remedy4 ,all of these troubles ,i have had 7and a score not mentioned71 of the entire list of which ,i am now free completely4 ,in short1 the whole number of diseases that beset the human family can be cured by care1 cleanliness1 regularity1 fresh air1 cold water used internally1 and by compress1 proper clothing1 right food1 regular exercise1 an even disposition1 a clear conscience1 intelligent and agreeable associates1 and a reasonable amount of time4 ,it took me #cj years1 #be of which ,i spent ascertaining the way4 ,if someone could have informed me1 as this book does you1 ,i would have enjoyed full health twenty-five years earlier than ,i did4 ,anyone observing the rules ,i have recounted can restore a broken-down constitution in less than #e years--yes1 even if one foot is already in the grave6 ,soon you will begin to lift it out1 and it will be a long period before you will take that step again4 ,i do not exaggerate when ,i state that ,i had both feet in the grave4 ,fortunately1 however1 my head was above-ground1 and ,i began to reason how to get the rest of myself away4 ,the secret was discovered1 the causes set to work1 and finally the end achieved4 ,to use another figure1 my coffin had many nails already driven in it when ,i secured a clincher1 pulled them all out1 and then split up the old wooden hulk to make fires with which to start the steam of my new energies4 ,all of my time is employed4 ,i do some sort of laborious work every day to start my blood coursing vigorously1 and open the pores of my skin4 ,by a proper adjustment of my under-clothing1 ,i prevent a cold1 and am always ready with a good appetite when meal-time comes4 ,i have never studied ,anatomy1 ,medicine1 or ,surgery1 know but little about the niceties of the ,english language1 but ,i have studied the ,materia ,medica of myself1 and am aware of just what is beneficial and what is injurious for me4 ,there is a duty each individual owes to his fellow-man1 each municipal corporation to its citizens1 and each ,state and general government to those over whom they preside4 ,every individual should strive to see how much distress he can relieve during his short stay on this earth2 how few thorns he has to place in the pathway of others1 and how many drops of oil he can pour on the disturbed waters of the ocean of life4 ,accidents that are preventable1 caused by carelessness1 laziness1 and ignorance1 cost more money1 suffering1 and life than viciousness and incendiarism1 in the ratio of #c to #a4 ,every man who builds a mill1 manufactory1 or a business block1 makes his own rate of insurance4 ,a slight variation in the construction of a building1 the omission of certain details1 the wrong location of hazardous machinery or materials1 or the neglect of cleanliness and order1 may very seriously affect the fire hazard1 and consequently the rate of insurance which must necessarily attach to the property4 ,the ,fire ,losses in the ,united ,states amount to #abe1jjj1jjj per annum1 and the great mass of this enormous loss is chargeable to bad construction of buildings1 the lack of necessary apparatus for extinguishing fires1 and carelessness in the management of property4 ,the unavoidable losses are few in number2 the avoidable1 many4 ,insurance companies restore no value1 repair no loss2 they can only distribute the loss throughout the community4 ,careless1 ignorant1 annihilative1 is the term to be applied to #ge of the fire losses4 ,the destruction of life by accidents1 where immediate death follows1 in the ,united ,states is large2 but1 in comparison with those that assist in shortening life1 they are about in the ratio of #a to #ajj4 ,only such persons as have undoubted integrity1 coupled with order1 cleanliness1 and carefulness should be allowed to insure their property1 and this should be restricted by law4 ,a certain sect in our population that now have to be charged from #ej to #ajj more for insurance than other people1 should be stricken from the list of the insured1 until they have by personal action abolished this difference in risk4 ,when the time comes that only such persons as attend to all the details of cleanliness and prevention of the loss of property and health can be insured1 the cost will be reduced #ej4 ,until we are willing1 or educated up to that point1 to protect our neighbors' lives and property as if they were ours1 we must expect to pay this #ej more for everything we have1 use1 drink1 eat1 and wear4 ,longevity will be restricted in the same proportion4 ,hundreds of accidents would be prevented by proper care4 ,throwing foolishly the match1 cigar1 cigarette1 etc41 any and everywhere1 causes great loss of property1 and often life2 the unthinking eat oranges and bananas in the street and cast underfoot the rinds and skins to cause the next moment the dislocation of a limb1 or broken skull4 ,over #ejj accidents have occurred in this city alone during the last #e years1 occasioned by some sort of vegetable or fruit refuse lying upon the pavements2 fatal results1 though not all immediate1 happened to #ae persons1 and a number were maimed for life4 ,broken bottles and glass thrown into the street and on the sidewalks bring about at times frightful accidents to both man and beast2 and if a correct report could be had from each livery-man and teamster in this regard1 it would startle the most inhuman of our race4 ,the tax-payer has a tendency to be selfish when he is really doing himself severe injury4 ,it is a case of reflex action4 ,in passing along a thoroughfare he sees a banana skin lying on the sidewalk4 ,he cannot possibly stop or trouble himself to push it into the gutter4 ,almost immediately another man comes along1 steps on the skin1 slips1 breaks his leg1 and is carried to the hospital4 ,he remains there a month1 supported by the city1 that is1 by money paid by the same tax-payer4 ,in this manner1 and other ways1 can every man act1 both selfishly or unselfishly4 ,if selfish in passing this by1 it is sure to come back on him a hundred-fold to the original trouble required4 ,his unselfishness will consist in saving his fellow-men from danger by removing the cause4 ,indeed1 he will be selfish if he casts it off for the sake of decreasing his taxation1 but such selfish unselfishness will be gladly excused4 ,garbage thrown out of back doors or under neighbors' steps creates contagion1 and in time the thoughtless individuals fall a prey to their own carelessness4 ,three out of every five men and five out of every hundred women are ruptured as a result of their own or somebody else's recklessness4 ,on the top of nearly every house in the section where artesian water is used1 there is a tank to receive water for various purposes about each dwelling2 much of this is employed for drinking and culinary uses4 ,without any attempt at a sensation1 we pronounce this box or tank a death trap6 ,there is not a clean one in this whole great city1 that has an outside exposure1 and #i out of every #aj are reeking with filth4 ,having had occasion to investigate several ,i am convinced that they average alike4 ,if so1 there are at least #ejj tons of concentrated filth playing the part of filters in the tanks of this city alone at this writing6 ,and there is every reason to believe that this city is as clean as the average4 ,provided this is so1 there is enough of such refuse in the ,united ,states to dam the ,mississippi ,river many times and build a levee across ,lake ,erie4 ,health officers may keep their own tanks clean in the future1 but if individuals desire health and abolition of the need of ,health ,boards1 let them keep their own tanks1 back yards1 streets1 and pavements neat4 ,municipal corporations should prevent by law the throwing of any kind of rubbish into the streets1 and make it a misdemeanor for the proprietors allowing any of their mercantile houses1 work-shops1 or residences to be found filthy1 and there are thousands of them in this city4 ,to avoid accidents1 every man1 woman1 and child should be compelled to pass to their right on the street4 ,every person in every city not having a legitimate vocation in the eyes of the law1 nor an income from property or money in the bank1 should1 if criminally inclined1 be sent to the ,house of ,correction4 ,if poor and willing to work1 they ought to be put to work in the public streets and in the parks1 to beautify them1 for the benefit of the frugal classes4 ,no begging should be allowed1 under penalty of imprisonment4 ,that a city may escape being overrun by country tramps1 their entrance should be quarantined4 ,to stop contagion1 public crematories should be established and cremation of the human and animal bodies be compulsory4 ,if the principal church and secret organizations will now change their rituals so as to permit of the incineration of the bodies of their deceased members1 the world will have advanced #ajj years before the close of this century and the average duration of life at that date will have increased from #cd4h to #dj years4 ,it is needful that the false sentiment regarding the disposition of our dead should undergo a complete revolution4 ,there could probably be no better aid to this end than a general investigation of the mortuary records of the towns and cities of the globe1 by proper officials1 the facts and discoveries of whom should be given all possible publicity4 ,an hundred or so years ago this was not so much a matter of importance as now1 with a greater and increasing density of population1 by virtue of which a great portion of the habitable earth is fast becoming a mass of putrifying corruption1 that will involve at no distant time the world in pestilence1 woe1 and desolation4 ,the recent official return on the condition of the ,london cemeteries is1 or should be1 sufficient to cause all reasonable persons to cry out for the crematory4 ,in ,brompton ,cemetery1 with an area of twenty-eight and three-fourths of an acre1 there have been buried in less than fifty years one hundred and fifty-five thousand bodies4 ,in ,tower ,hamlets ,cemetery1 with twelve acres less1 in about the same time1 the number is two hundred and forty-seven thousand4 ,when it is remembered how perfectly unfitted the soil of these districts is for burial purposes1 together with the means so largely employed for preventing speedy decomposition1 one may readily imagine the danger that menaces those above this still-increasing mass of sub-pollution4 ,multiply the condition of the ,london suburbs by several hundred thousand more1 and then ponder the product6 ,talk about sanitary regulations1 when our public health laws are violated thus1 and the air and water poisoned as a result of the superstitious custom of body burial6 ,when pestilence stalks abroad1 it is said to be planetary influence or divine wrath6 ,the following from the ,springfield ,republican will indicate the current of public opinion3-- ,that the custom of burying the dead is bound to be superseded by more scientific and economical methods1 especially in the centers of population1 may be seen in the reanimation of the old scheme of desiccation by ,new ,york capitalists4 ,these men are not yet ready to accept cremation4 ,their project is to build mausoleums as substitutes for cemeteries1 where the body will be subjected to the absorbent action of currents of pure1 dry air1 which will prevent decomposition1 and1 by thoroughly exhausting the body of moisture and gases1 carry away all germs of disease4 ,these air currents1 thus laden1 will then pass through furnaces1 where all noxious elements will be destroyed4 ,the lifeless form will be reduced in weight about two-thirds and nearly one-half in size4 ,resting in a sepulcher1 it may then be preserved for an indefinite period4 ,as explained in detail1 with particulars of the beauty of the buildings thrown in1 this scheme has advantages compared with the undesirable method in vogue1 though it is less thorough and simple than cremation4 ,a promoter of the enterprise in speaking of the desiccated body says that 'although shrunken1 still1 with the semblance of life1 it is an object that the eye of affection can look upon without a shock1 and the sanitarian can think of without a shudder4' ,in essence1 however1 the scheme is simply a concession to a public1 not yet educated to the idea of cremation4 ,while appropriating enough of the latter system to solve the question of public health1 it caters to the human sentimentalities in preserving at half size the dead form4 ,upon these sentiments1 summed up as the 'instinct of humanity1' the promoters of the new system base their hopes of profit4 ,besides advancing in its favor all the arguments used for cremation1 its friends add that in the desiccating process no danger can exist of suspended animation escaping notice4 ,public fountains should be established in every other block of cities or towns having over #a1jjj inhabitants1 with best-devised filters known1 so that both man and beast could enjoy pure water to drink1 free for the taking4 ,during epidemics it should be not only compulsory in municipalities to have water filtered in each house before drinking1 but it should be boiled4 ,every house ought to have a filter4 ,if you cannot afford a #dj one1 you can secure one for #dj cents4 ,,chapter ,,vii4 ,vice is a monster of so frightful mien1 ,as to be hated1 needs but to be seen2 ,yet seen too oft1 familiar with her face1 ,we first endure1 then pity1 then embrace4 ,but evil is wrought by want of thought ,as well as by want of heart4 ,the following extract from the report of the ,grand ,jury of this city1 given publicity ,december #e1 #ahhi1 is self-explanatory3-- ,some of the dives and variety theaters are the nurseries of vice and crime1 where drunkenness is encouraged1 our youth demoralized1 the unwary roped in and robbed1 and crimes committed which the authorities are unable to prevent or discover4 ,there is1 of course1 a broad distinction to be noted between those places of public resort where the demand for distilled1 fermented1 and malt liquors is supplied in a legitimate manner1 and the entertainment provided1 if any1 is not of an objectionable character1 and those places where salacious performances are presented as an attraction1 and lewd women1 under the guise of waitresses to serve liquors1 pursue a shameful vocation4 ,these evils may be partly remedied if respectable citizens will refuse to rent their property for such uses1 and also refuse to assist in obtaining licenses whereby such headquarters for drunkenness1 lewdness1 and crime are in a measure entrenched behind existing general laws4 ,the so-called 'social evil' is aggressive on our thoroughfares1 and should be restrained by the authorities within narrower limits4 ,but we add our interpretation and our suggestions for these twin evils which stalk up and down the earth and apparently defy control4 ,the minister treats lightly upon the liquor traffic1 in many instances because certain of his church members either sell it at wholesale1 retail1 or furnish the barley1 corn1 grapes1 hops1 or rent to the man who does4 ,the editors of all newspapers of general circulation must treat the subject likewise1 for fear of his advertising patrons4 ,his readers are never taken into account1 for the simple reason that circulation alone does not pay newspapers issued daily1 and very few that are issued weekly4 ,it will be seen by the above report that the grand jurymen too have vital interests at stake4 ,in order to keep their respective businesses from being boycotted by their fellow-merchants1 they handle the subject with soft gloves1 as if it were eggs1 and the social evil by this same jury is done up in nineteen words4 ,but they have indicated a great deal in those few words1 namely1 that such an evil does exist--something the different church organizations have refused to acknowledge4 ,high license1 with personal responsibility for results1 under a sufficient bond1 will in time remedy the liquor traffic4 ,the social evil should be licensed1 and under the perfect control of the police--and not the police under its control1 as seems to be the case in this city4 ,are they not under pay to look the other way8 ,its boundaries should be exact1 isolated1 and under the direct supervision of the health department4 ,is there any justice in demanding a license of a milliner1 or on any other mercantile pursuit that a female may see fit to adopt1 while #e1jjj of these questionable women go untaxed1 because you do not dare to acknowledge that their calling exists8 ,to ask the question is to answer it--,no66 ,let no one think that in any way whatever we would seem to unduly countenance1 or in the least encourage1 this evil4 ,but we do believe in recognizing absolute facts4 ,they cannot be overlooked4 ,it is surprising that1 amidst all this widespread discussion of intemperance1 no more has been said on this social problem4 ,as long as men are mortal1 this condition of relations will exist--it has existed through all time--but it is possible to limit it1 to heavily license it1 and keep it within proper bounds4 ,then by all means should churches and various kinds of societies exert their influence to the legal recognition of the true status1 and benefit the general condition of mankind4 ,boards of supervisors1 aldermen1 etc41 are clothed with power to accomplish the ends suggested1 if they are only backed by public sentiment4 ,if the ,catholic ,church organization alone will inaugurate a general agitation over the country1 as they have already indicated and begun in their convention at ,baltimore1 on the liquor traffic1 they will either break it up or put it under control2 for #fj of this business is carried on by their following4 ,public urinals are greater necessities than public fountains in cities and large towns4 ,the alarming increase of diabetes and kidney troubles in cities during the last few years1 while remaining normal1 or actually decreasing in the rural districts1 has led to the belief that the prolonged detention of the urine is the principal1 and1 in most cases1 the only cause of this terrible malady4 ,the foregoing facts recapitulated exhibit a few of the ills of mankind that are in the power of municipal officials to alleviate4 ,the duties of the general government cover all of the above1 and include the prevention of all criminals and paupers of every nation from landing on our shores2 the compulsory education of all citizens old and young--as it is cheaper to educate than to punish criminals2 to furnish employment upon all useful and needed public works for the worthy1 willing poor1 and cause to be distributed with equity to the deserving1 all the earnings of the criminal institutions of the country1 over and above their actual expenses4 ,it will not be out of place to complete this chapter with a few words on the necessity of giving man and beast one day in seven to rest4 ,sunday seems to be the preferable one1 but to compel the observance of one particular day in each week for all classes and sects would be tyrannical4 ,the majority of religious societies employ ,sunday for worship and rest1 but1 throwing aside the moral and religious bearing1 every human being would be healthier1 happier1 and live longer1 if he rested one day in the week4 ,we all live too fast4 ,though we enjoy laziness at times1 yet we are too anxious to get riches or fame earlier than we ought or can4 ,a man may work so mightily that he will be very wealthy at #dj instead of #ej1 but he will die at #gj instead of #hj4 ,better prolong life by reserving forces for the future4 ,,chapter ,,viii4 ,for a man's house is his castle4 ,after individual cleanliness and regularity1 erect your next house in which you intend to live1 or that you expect to rent to another1 or remodel your present residence1 to correspond with the following3-- ,sanitary ,house4--,it should stand facing the sun1 on dry soil1 in a wide1 clean1 amply-sewered1 substantially-paved street1 over a deep1 thoroughly ventilated and lighted cellar4 ,the floor of the cellar should be cemented1 the walls and ceilings plastered and thickly whitewashed with lime every year1 that the house may not act as a chimney to draw up into its chambers micro-organisms from the earth4 ,if your lot is situated so that you cannot face your house either east or south1 construct the rooms in such a way that your parlors and sleeping apartments will receive the sun at least #c hours during the day4 ,all windows should extend from floor to ceiling1 adjusted to let down from the top1 and in position to secure as much as possible of the through currents of air4 ,the outside walls1 if of wood or brick1 should be kept thickly painted1 not to shut out penetrating air1 but for the sake of dryness4 ,all inside walls should be plastered smooth1 painted1 and1 however unaesthetic1 varnished4 ,mantels should be of marble1 plate1 iron1 or1 if wood1 plain1 and1 whether natural1 painted1 or stained1 varnished4 ,interior wood-work1 including floors1 should all show plain surfaces and be likewise treated4 ,no paper on the walls1 no carpets on the floors1 but movable rugs1 which can be shaken daily in the open air--not at doors or out of windows1 where dust is blown back into rooms--should cover the floors4 ,white linen shades1 which will soon show the necessity of washing1 should protect the windows4 ,all furniture should be plain1 with cane seats1 without upholstery4 ,mattresses should be covered with oiled silk4 ,blankets1 sheets1 and spreads--no comforts or quilts--should constitute the bedding4 ,of plumbing there should be as little as is necessary1 and all there is must be exposed4 ,the inhabited rooms should be heated only with open fires1 the cellar and halls by radiated heat1 or1 better1 by a hot-air furnace1 which shall take its fresh air from above the top of the house and not from the cellar itself or the surface of the earth1 where micro-organisms most abound4 ,let there be no annual house cleaning1 but keep it clean all the time1 and have it gone through thoroughly at least four times per year4 ,of course a corner lot is always preferable1 but how often it is supposed that the benefit consists alone in a commanding position1 in a chance for architectural display1 when the greatest boon is the increased opportunity for sunlight4 ,the atmosphere of a room where the sun never shines is never agreeable or healthful4 ,science has taught us that the sun is the source of all life4 ,it will effect more than tons of disinfectants and chemicals to purge and sweeten the air of a house4 ,let the building be exposed to the south1 and keep shade trees from checking the sun too much4 ,verandas and broad piazzas often do as much harm as they give pleasure--especially if they are all covered with vines4 ,be more careful about plumbing than people are wont to be4 ,do not practice economy by trying to cut down plumbing bills4 ,when a contractor agrees to erect a house1 either withhold this part from him or see that he employs the most skilled labor4 ,ventilation cannot be slighted1 for upon it health greatly depends4 ,if you can in any way afford it1 use incandescent electric light instead of gas or oil4 ,the reason is a powerful one4 ,an ordinary gas jet destroys as much pure air and oxygen as five men--a good-sized oil lamp equal to three men4 ,add to this the heat that comes from such methods1 and we see the strong advantage of the incandescent electric light4 ,this vitiates no air1 gives off no perceptible heat4 ,though there are stories that electric lights injure the eyes1 from careful observation we find that it hurts the eyes of the majority no more than any artificial light4 ,the ,sanitary ,news urges people not to paper or paint the interior walls of houses4 ,arsenical poisons are used in coloring wall paper4 ,mold collects in flour paste used in fastening paper to walls1 absorbing moisture and germs of disease4 ,glue also disintegrates1 so that any friction removes small particles1 to which germs attach and float in the air4 ,undecorated walls1 ugly as they are1 the ,news insists are the only healthy ones to live within4 ,dr4 ,cushing1 of this city1 thus ends his lecture on ,healthful ,houses3-- ,the essentials then of good house building are1 first1 a dry soil1 a good foundation1 exposure to the sun1 and1 next1 good plumbing by reputable men at whatever cost necessary for first-class work1 warming and ventilating by open grates rather than by steam heaters and stoves1 clean floors and clean walls2 and now1 if there be no decomposition of animal or vegetable matter allowed in the immediate vicinity of the house1 we shall have done the best that the present state of science will permit toward making our houses healthful4 ,the ,hotel ,del ,monte is the only perfectly clean hotel in ,america4 ,it is located at ,monterey1 ,cal41 not over a quarter of a mile from the ocean4 ,the prevailing winds are from the sea and would naturally blow over the sands towards the house4 ,now the cause of dirt has virtually been killed by the planting of trees1 brush1 and by the laying of asphaltum walks and sod-ground drives on this windward side4 ,the only dirt is that which is brought there by travelers--this is easily kept down4 ,the moral is here3 ,if possible prevent dust and dirt by stopping the cause4 ,,chapter ,,ix4 ,let this great maxim be my virtue's guide4 ,as we are hastily reading books and papers we continually come across maxims1 epigrams1 and short1 pithy sayings that attract us4 ,we wish we could not only remember them1 but also often put them in practice1 but they slip our mind and actions almost immediately4 ,from time to time the author has collected fruit from the vast field of health of its kindred subjects1 and placed the best of them in this book for the reader's careful consideration4 ,among the multitude of ,don'ts for politeness are the following for health alone3-- ,don't endeavor to rest the mind by absolute inactivity2 let it seek its rest in work in other channels1 and thus rest the tired part of the brain4 ,don't delude yourself into the belief that you are an exception as far as sleep is concerned2 the normal average of sleep is eight hours4 ,don't allow your servants to put meat and vegetables in the same compartments of the refrigerator4 ,don't keep the parlor dark unless you value your carpet more than your and your children's health4 ,don't forget that moral defects are as often the cause as they are the effects of physical faults4 ,don't direct special mental or physical energies to more than eight hours' work in each day4 ,don't neglect to have your dentist examine your teeth at least every three months4 ,don't read1 write1 or do any delicate work unless receiving the light from the left side4 ,don't pamper the appetite with such variety of food that may lead to excess4 ,don't read in street-cars or other jolting vehicles4 ,don't eat or drink hot and cold things immediately in succession4 ,don't pick the teeth with pins or any other hard substance4 ,don't sleep in a room provided with stationary washstands4 ,don't neglect any opportunity to insure a variety of food4 ,there are many things we should never do4 ,among them are3-- ,never go to bed with cold or damp feet4 ,never lean with the back upon anything that is cold4 ,never begin a journey until the breakfast has been eaten4 ,never take warm drinks and then immediately go out in the cold4 ,never ride in an open carriage or near the window of a car for a moment after exercise2 it is dangerous to health or even life4 ,never omit regular bathing1 for unless the skin is in regular condition the cold will close the pores and favor congestion or other diseases4 ,never stand still in cold weather1 especially after having taken a slight degree of exercise4 ,perhaps among the following you may find succinctly stated what will be of eminent value3-- ,focus your brain as you would a burning-glass4 ,butter enough for a slice won't do for a whole loaf4 ,keep empty-headed between times4 ,mental furniture should be very select4 ,useless lumber in the upper story is worse than a pocketful of oyster shells4 ,leave your facts on your book shelves1 where you can find them when wanted4 ,a walking encyclopedia cannot work for want of room to turn round in his own head4 ,don't tax your memory4 ,make a memorandum1 and put it in your pocket4 ,every unnecessary thought is a waste of effective force4 ,don't believe that muscular exercise contracts head work4 ,brain and muscle are bung-hole and spigot of the same barrel4 ,it is poor economy to keep both running4 ,pin your faith to the genius of hard work4 ,it is the safest1 most reliable1 and most manageable sort of genius4 ,amuse yourself4 ,this is the first principle of good hard work4 ,and the second is like unto it4 ,don't work too much4 ,it is quantity1 not quality1 that kills4 ,therefore1 work only in the day-time4 ,night was made for sleep4 ,and loaf on ,sunday4 ,six days' work earns the right to go a-fishing1 or to church1 or to any harmless diversion1 on the seventh4 ,go to work promptly1 but slowly4 ,a late1 hurried start keeps you out of breath all day trying to catch up4 ,when you stop work forget it4 ,it spoils brains to simmer after a hard boil4 ,feed regularly1 largely1 and slowly4 ,lose no meal2 approach it respectfully and give it gratefully4 ,no more can be got out of a man than is put into him4 ,sleep one-third of your whole life4 ,how ,i hate the moralist who croaks over time wasted in sleep4 ,besides1 sleep is1 on the whole1 the most satisfactory mode of existence4 ,misconceivements4--,there are a number of mistakes made even by wise people while passing through life4 ,prominent among them is the idea that you must labor when you are not in a fit condition to do so2 to think that the more a person eats the healthier and stronger he will become2 to go to bed at midnight and rise at daybreak1 and imagine that every hour taken from sleep is an hour gained2 to imagine that1 if a little work or exercise is good1 violent and prolonged exercise is better2 to conclude that the smallest room in the house is large enough to sleep in2 to eat as if you had only a moment to finish a meal in1 or to eat without any appetite1 or to continue after it has been satisfied1 merely to please the taste2 to believe that children can do as much work as grown people1 and that the more hours they study the more they learn2 to imagine that whatever remedy causes one to feel immediately better 7as alcoholic stimulants7 is good for the system1 without regard to the after-effects2 to take off proper clothing out of season because you have become heated2 to sleep exposed to a direct draught2 to think any nostrum or patent medicine is a specific for all the diseases flesh is heir to4 ,weariness4--,a tramp knows what it is to be leg-weary1 a farm laborer to be body-weary1 a literary man to be brain-weary1 and a sorrowing man to be soul-weary4 ,the sick are often weary of life itself4 ,weariness is generally a physiological 'ebb-tide1' which time and patience will convert into a 'flow'4 ,it is never well to whip or spur a worn-out horse1 except in the direst straits4 ,if he mends his pace in obedience to the stimulus1 every step is a drop drawn from his life-blood4 ,idleness is not one of the faults of the present age2 weariness is one of the commonest experiences4 ,the checks that many a man draws on his physiological resources are innumerable2 and1 as these resources are strictly limited1 like any other ordinary banking account1 it is very easy to bring about a balance on the wrong side4 ,adequate rest is one kind of repayment to the bank1 sound sleep is another1 regular eating and good digestion another4 ,one day's holiday in the week and one or two months in the year for those who work exceptionally hard usually bring the credit balance to a highly favorable condition2 and thus with care and management physiological solvency is secured and maintained4 ,what ,produces ,death4--,someone says that few men die of age4 ,almost all persons die of disappointment1 personal1 mental1 or bodily toil1 or accident4 ,the passions kill men sometimes even suddenly4 ,the common expression1 'choked with passion1' has little exaggeration in it1 for even though not suddenly fatal1 strong passions shorten life4 ,strong-bodied men often die young2 weak men live longer than the strong1 for the strong use their strength and the weak have none to use4 ,the latter take care of themselves1 the former do not4 ,as it is with the body1 so it is with the mind and temper4 ,the strong are apt to break1 or1 like the candle1 run2 the weak burn out4 ,the inferior animals1 which live temperate lives1 have generally their prescribed term of years4 ,the horse lives #be years1 the ox #ae or #bj1 the lion about #bj1 the hog #aj or #ab1 the rabbit #h1 the guinea-pig #f or #g4 ,the numbers all bear proportion to the time the animal takes to grow to its full size4 ,but man1 of all animals1 is one that seldom comes up to the average4 ,he ought to live a hundred years1 according to the physiological law1 for five times #bj are #ajj2 but instead of that he scarcely reaches an average of four times the growing period4 ,the reason is obvious--man is not only the most irregular and most intemperate1 but the most laborious and hard-working of all animals4 ,he is always the most irritable of all animals1 and there is reason to believe1 though we cannot tell what an animal secretly feels1 that more than any other animal man cherishes wrath to keep it warm1 and consumes himself with the fire of his own reflections4 ,provided you have babies in your family go through the following and see if you can't train your child so it shall be among the last seventeen mentioned3-- ,take your pencil and follow me1 while we figure on what will happen to the #a1jjj1jjj of babies that will have been born in the last #a1jjj1jjj seconds4 ,i believe that is about the average--'one every time the clock ticks4' ,one year hence1 if statistics don't belie us1 we will have lost #aej1jjj of these little 'prides of the household4' ,a year later #ec1jjj more will be keeping company with those that have gone before4 ,at the end of the third year we find that #bb1jjj more have dropped by the wayside4 ,the fourth year they have become rugged little darlings1 not nearly so susceptible to infantile diseases1 only #h1jjj having succumbed to the rigors imposed by the master4 ,by the time they have arrived at the age of twelve years but a paltry few hundred leave the track each year4 ,after threescore years have come and gone we find less trouble in counting the army with which we started in the fall of #ahhi4 ,of the #a1jjj1jjj with which we began our count1 but #cgj1jjj remain2 #fcj1jjj have gone the way of all the world1 and the remaining few have forgotten that they ever existed4 ,at the end of eighty1 or1 taking our mode of reckoning1 by the year #aifi ,a4 ,d41 there are still #ig1jjj gray-haired1 shaky old grannies and grandfathers1 toothless1 hairless1 and happy4 ,in the year #aihd our #a1jjj1jjj babies with which we started in #ahhi will have dwindled to an insignificant #bbc helpless old wrecks1 'stranded on the shores of time4' ,in #aiib all but seventeen have left this mundane sphere forever1 while the last remaining wreck will probably1 in seeming thoughtlessness1 watch the sands filter through the hour-glass of time1 and die in the year #aiig at the age of one hundred and eight4 ,what a bounteous supply of food for reflection6 ,laughter as a ,health ,promoter4--,in his ',problem of ,health1' ,dr4 ,greene says that there is not the remotest corner or little inlet of the minute blood-vessels of the human body that does not feel some wavelet from the convulsions occasioned by good hearty laughter4 ,the life principle1 or the central man1 is shaken to its innermost depths1 sending new tides of life and strength to the surface1 thus materially tending to insure good health to the persons who indulge therein4 ,the blood moves more rapidly and conveys a different impression to all the organs of the body1 as it visits them on that particular mystic journey when the man is laughing1 from what it does at other times4 ,for this reason every good hearty laugh in which a person indulges tends to lengthen his life1 conveying1 as it does1 new and distinct stimulus to the vital forces4 ,,chapter ,x4 ,while bright-eyed science watches round4 ,a scientific investigation into the nature and causes of consumption proves the immediate causes1 apart from hereditary1 to be dampness of houses and localities4 ,of races1 the negroes seem most liable1 and the ,jews the most exempt4 ,a french scientist has found that inhalation of air containing a small amount of hydrofluoric acid gas has a remarkably good effect on consumption4 ,in ,england good results were obtained by inspiration of air mixed with ozone4 ,that the disease results chiefly from inactivity of the lungs is the statement of a physician who maintains that the cure of the disease is a mechanical question4 ,the ,international ,tuberculosis ,congress lately held at ,paris admits that tuberculosis is contagious1 can be transmitted from man to animals1 and vice versa1 and is the same in men1 women1 and cattle4 ,diseased milk is the most frequent agent of transmission1 and with this meat1 particularly lightly cooked1 as food4 ,predisposing causes are sedentary life1 overwork1 mental anxiety1 insufficient nourishment1 in general1 anything calculated to lower the vitality4 ,the congress has discovered no remedy1 only palliatives for tuberculosis4 ,catarrhs1 bronchitis1 and other throat troubles have a tendency to develop into pleurisy or consumption when neglected4 ,typhoid fever never affects the atmosphere1 but it does affect water1 milk1 ice1 and meat4 ,the eggs of a parasite from dogs1 and hence more or less infecting all waters to which dogs have access1 appear to have an unequaled facility of passage to all parts of the human system4 ,as for surgical operations1 in a ,german paper are particulars of a case in which the eye of a man was thrust out of its socket by a parasite cyst in the rear1 discovered by surgical exploration and extracted4 ,from a #e-year old boy an injured kidney was removed successfully and the patient recovered4 ,the bridge of the nose was completely restored by using the breast-bone of a chicken and stretching the flesh of the old nose over it4 ,even the part of a destroyed nerve of the arm was restored by the substitution of a part of a sound nerve from an amputated limb1 so that the continuity was restored and sensation returned in #cf hours6 ,prematurely-born children are kept in an artificial mother1 which consists of a glass case warmed by bowls of water4 ,a new opiate has been discovered called the sulsonal4 ,it produces sleep in nervous people and those affected with heart disease1 but not in healthy subjects4 ,the idea that sufferers from heart disease should avoid physical exertion has been dispelled by a noted physiologist who has successfully employed regulated exercise4 ,brown-,s'equard has brought out his great ,vital ,fluid4 ,he is reported as saying3 ,i never made use of the word 'elixir1' still less of the words 'elixir of life4' ,these are all expressions or inventions of sensational newspapers4 ,if quacks or ignorant men in ,america have killed people1 as stated by the ,new ,york papers1 they would have avoided committing those murders had they paid the least attention to the most elementary rules as regards the subcutaneous injection of animal substances4 ,injections of animal matter have no danger1 as a rule1 unless the substances begin to be decomposed4 ,when this condition of things exists1 no good can be obtained1 and there is grave danger of inflammation1 abscesses1 and even death4 ,professor ,brown-,s'equard is reported to have lately informed the ,french ,academy of ,sciences that1 by condensing the watery vapor coming from the human lungs1 he obtained a poisonous liquid capable of producing almost immediate death4 ,the poison is an alkaloid 7organic71 and not a microbe or series of microbes4 ,he injected this liquid under the skin of a rabbit and the effect was speedily mortal without convulsions4 ,dr4 ,s'equard said it was fully proved that respired air contains a volatile element far more dangerous than the carbonic acid which is one of its constituents1 and that the human breath contains a highly poisonous agent4 ,this startling fact should be borne in mind by the occupants of crowded horse-cars and ill-ventilated apartments4 ,a very curious geographical distribution of certain virtues and vices has been mooted by a scientist4 ,intemperance is mostly found above latitude #dh degrees1 amatory aberrations south of the forty-fifth1 financial extravagance in large seaports1 industrial thrift1 in pastoral highland regions4 ,advance in ,hygienic ,clothing4--,the new cellular clothing now coming into use in ,england is said to be a success4 ,it is woven out of the same materials as the common weaves of cloth1 being simply1 as its name indicates1 closely woven into cells1 the network of which is covered over with a thin fluff4 ,its porous quality allows the slow passing of the outside and inside air1 giving time for the outside air to become of the same temperature as the body1 obviating all danger of catching colds1 and allowing vapors constantly exhaled by the body to pass off1 thus contributing toward health and cleanliness4 ,the common objection to cotton clothing--that it is productive of chills and colds--is removed if woven in this manner1 and the invention can certainly be said to be strictly in accordance with hygienic and scientific principles4 ,the annual death rate1 in #ahhh1 for the principal cities of the world1 per #a1jjj inhabitants1 was3 ,san ,francisco1 ,cleveland1 ,stockholm1 #ag2 ,bristol1 ,dresden1 #ah2 ,chicago1 ,cincinnati1 ,edinburgh1 ,london1 ,turin1 #ai2 ,berlin1 ,baltimore1 ,brussels1 ,buffalo1 ,liverpool1 ,philadelphia1 ,pittsburg1 #bj2 ,brooklyn1 ,st4 ,louis1 ,tokyo1 #ba2 ,amsterdam1 ,christiana1 ,paris1 ,washington1 #bb2 ,glasgow1 #bc2 ,copenhagen1 #bd2 ,bombay1 ,boston1 ,new ,orleans1 ,pesth1 ,venice1 ,vienna1 #be2 ,breslau1 ,calcutta1 ,manchester1 ,new ,york1 ,prague1 ,rotterdam1 #bf2 ,dublin1 #bg2 ,rome1 #bh2 ,hamburg1 ,munich1 #bi2 ,trieste1 #cj2 ,buda ,pesth1 ,st4 ,petersburg1 #cb2 ,alexandria1 #ch2 ,madras1 #dj2 and ,cairo1 #ea4 ,the death rate among the poor and rich respectively varies much4 ,in ,paris the death rate per #a1jjj inhabitants between #dj and #ej years in easy circumstances was #h4c against #ah4g among the poor4 ,in ,london are some districts of the wealthy classes where the rate was #aa4c against #ch in the slums4 ,the mean age at death among the gentry was #ee years1 while among the workers it was #bj-a_/b years4 ,it was found that only #h of the children of the upper classes died in their first year against #ai in the general population of ,liverpool and #cc in the slums of that city4 ,deaths from consumption were nearly one-fourth of all deaths among the poor1 and only one-eighteenth among the rich4 ,the above facts and figures cannot fail to set every intelligent person who reads them to thinking of this great health problem4 ,,happiness4 ,,chapter ,,xi4 ,,happiness4 ,the learned is happy ,nature to explore1 ,the fool is happy that he knows no more4 ,happiness is defined by ,webster as an agreeable feeling or condition of the soul arising from good of any kind2 the possession of those circumstances or that state of being which is attended with enjoyment2 the state of being happy2 felicity2 blessedness3 bliss2 joyful satisfaction4 ,happiness is generic and applied to almost every kind of enjoyment except that of the animal appetites2 felicity is a more formal word1 and is used more sparingly in the same general sense1 but with elevated associations2 blessedness is applied to the most refined enjoyment arising from the purest social1 benevolent1 and religious affections2 bliss denotes still more exalted delight1 and is applied more appropriately to the joy anticipated in heaven4 ,happiness is only comparative1 and we drink it in1 in the exact ratio of our understanding to interpret the justice of the divinity within us4 ,the first pre-requisite is wisdom1 the second is like unto it1 more wisdom1 and the third sufficient understanding to know that it is wisdom4 ,it is easy enough to be pleasant1 ,when life flows by like a song1 ,but the man worth while is one who will smile ,when everything goes dead wrong4 ,for the test of the heart is trouble1 ,and it always comes with the years1 ,and the smile that is worth the praises of earth ,is the smile that shines through tears4 ,it is easy enough to be prudent ,when nothing tempts you to stray1 ,when without or within no voice of sin ,is luring your soul away4 ,but it's only a negative virtue ,until it is tried by fire1 ,and the life that is worth the honor of earth ,is the one that resists desire4 ,by the cynic1 the sad1 the fallen1 ,who had no strength for the strife1 ,the world's highway is cumbered to-day1 ,they make up the item of life1 ,but the virtue that conquers passion1 ,and the sorrow that hides in a smile1 ,it is these that are worth the homage of earth1 ,for we find them but once in a while4 --,ella ,wheeler ,wilcox4 ,we possess none of the attributes save in a degree only1 any one of which can be intensified1 brightened1 or benefited by our thoughts and actions4 ,the shortest road to happiness1 after having cleansed your body1 actions1 and thoughts1 is to do all the good you can1 in all the ways you can1 to all living creatures you can1 just as long as you can4 ,the more unselfish you become1 the less you think of personal comfort1 and the more pleasure you take in the comforts of others1 the deeper and broader will the fountains of your own happiness become4 ,there is no class of people who have equal happiness or bliss pictured upon their countenances to those who practice and teach the universal brotherhood of man without regard to race1 creed1 sex1 caste1 or color4 ,happiness is like manna4 ,it is to be gathered in grains and enjoyed every day2 it will not keep2 it cannot be accumulated2 nor need we go out of ourselves nor into remote places to gather it1 since it is rained down from heaven at our very doors1 or1 rather1 within them4 ,george ,macdonald says3 ,a man must not choose his neighbor2 he must take the neighbor that ,god sends him4 ,in him1 whoever he be1 lies hidden or revealed a beautiful brother4 ,any rough-hewn semblance of humanity will at length be enough to move the man to reverence and affection4 ,and there is a still more extensive love1 urges ,charles ,mackay3-- ,you love your fellow-creatures8 ,so do ,i1-- ,but underneath the wide paternal sky ,are there no fellow-creatures in your ken ,that you can love except your fellow-men8 ,are not the grass1 the flowers1 the trees1 the birds1 ,the faithful beasts1 true-hearted1 without words1 ,your fellows also1 howsoever small8 ,he's the best lover who can love them all4 ,there are certain principles that lead to positive happiness4 ,one of these is the avoiding of mistakes4 ,what have been termed 'the fourteen mistakes of life' are given as follows3 ,it is a great mistake to set up our own standard of right and wrong and judge people accordingly2 to measure the enjoyment of others by our own2 to expect uniformity of opinion in this world2 to look for judgment and experience in youth2 to endeavor to mould all dispositions alike2 not to yield to immaterial trifles2 to look for perfection in our own actions2 to worry ourselves and others with what cannot be remedied2 not to alleviate all that needs alleviation as far as lies in our power2 not to make allowances for the infirmities of others2 to consider everything impossible that we cannot perform2 to believe only what our finite minds can grasp2 to expect to be able to understand everything4 ,the greatest of mistakes is to live for time alone when any moment may launch us into eternity4 ,ignorance is a state of happiness that many fairly intellectual people cite as well worthy of emulation2 but those who assert it have not understood1 or attempted to fathom1 how shallow is this lake of knownothingness called ignorance4 ,only a slight ripple can be seen on the bosom of a shallow lake during the most fearful storm1 yet but a slight zephyr is needed to show the white caps upon the grand old ocean1 and at the least provocation of a storm see how she causes the continents to tremble1 showing her great depth and majesty4 ,if in the presence of this happy1 ignorant personage1 we place the most beautiful piece of statuary or painting1 or produce the most startling of ,shakespeare's plays1 with the best living talent1 or have the most gifted vocalist sing the most difficult aria1 or have a panorama of the pyramid ,jeezeh1 ,eiffel ,tower1 ,washington ,monument1 ,philadelphia ,city ,hall1 ,cologne ,cathedral1 all actual size1 and such of nature's grandest views as the ,yosemite ,fall1 and ,father of the ,forest1 we would look upon this happy individual and listen in breathless silence for his opinion4 ,well1 what of it8 what is to prevent it8 would be the reply4 ,but note the difference even in a cultured child2 see the gentle cheek turn from pale pink to livid carmine1 the heart pant1 the bosom heave1 and the whole form1 for the time being1 feel itself suspended in the air4 ,to the above picture1 add cultured1 ripe old age1 and the enjoyment1 ecstasy1 and pure happiness that would follow could only be measured by the difference between where we stand and the end of space6 ,prerequisites in the begetting of wisdom are1 first1 you must be regular in everything you do1 act1 or think4 ,this will give you health4 ,second1 you must be regular1 cleanly1 temperate1 and moral4 ,this will start you on the road to happiness4 ,third1 in addition to the first and second propositions1 you must exercise self-control in all its aspects if you would have health1 be happy1 and live to excessive old age1 before the culmination of which you will possess wisdom of no ordinary character4 ,let the legend that man's inhumanity to man makes countless thousands mourn1 cease1 and in its place have1 ,the universal brotherhood of man removes the shackles of inhumanity1 replacing them by bands of love4 ,this will elevate the trend of human thought1 and every zephyr of human intellect will gather and multiply until a cyclone of happiness envelopes the earth2 like love it will seem but a soothing breeze to the human heart1 so gentle will fall its benign influences4 ,this brings us to the point where every person is led to look to each of the four points of the compass and there exclaim1 ,who or what is ,god8 ,this is the first thing upon which intelligent beings should render a decision2 mankind can only approximate happiness until they have settled in their own mind this point4 ,it is not imperative that your decision should cover all the truth or the only truth in regard to ,deity1 but it should preclude all doubt on the part of the person so deciding4 ,there is just as much inconsistency in the statement that we know who and what is ,god in his physical proportions1 just where ,he or ,it resides1 and just what relation ,it or ,he holds toward the human monad1 man1 as there is in the assertion1 ,there is no ,god4 ,there is no harm1 however1 in asserting our belief in one ,god1 the ,trinity1 or a great ,first ,cause4 ,if we believe it and shape our lives accordingly1 true light will be given sufficient to satisfy each searcher after the ,truth2 and he or they will advance to some other belief just when it is necessary4 ,the exultant ,methodist receives his light in one form1 and the quiet ,quaker in another4 ,the devout ,catholic represents still another type of ritualistic form1 and the ,wisdom ,religionist 7,theosophist7 seems to get his from ,nature1 and finds some good in everything4 ,with the #a1ajj other different kinds of faith1 there should be no complaint on our part of a variety from which to choose4 ,we offer not as anything new1 but as something possibly forgotten1 the following formulae for obtaining happiness1 viz43 7#a7 ,the carrying out in our lives and actions the ,golden ,rule2 7#b7 total unselfishness as regards self2 7#c7 trying to excel all others in doing what the world calls good2 7#d7 condemning no one until we have heard both sides of the question in dispute2 7#e7 having the same tender compassion for all the lower animals that you exercise towards the human family2 7#f7 following out consistently some religious belief1 and1 until you are convinced of a better one1 defending it2 7#g7 above all other things1 having charity for every person's short-comings and belief4 ,add to these a few intrinsic principles3 7#a7 ,happiness is no other than soundness and perfection of mind2 7#b7 there are two ways of being happy--we may either diminish our wants or augment our means--either will do1 the result is the same2 and it is for each man to decide for himself1 and do that which happens to be the easiest2 7#c7 happiness is a road-side flower growing on the highways of usefulness2 7#d7 carry the radiance of your soul in your face2 let the world have the benefit of it2 7#e7 learn the lesson embodied in this little poem3-- ,,the ,,two ,,workers4 ,two workers in one field ,toiled on from day to day1 ,both had the same hard labor1 ,both had the same small pay2 ,with the same blue sky above1 ,the same green grass below1 ,one soul was full of love1 ,the other full of woe4 ,one leaped up with the light1 ,with the soaring of the lark2 ,one felt it ever night1 ,for his soul was ever dark4 ,one heart was hard as stone1 ,one heart was ever gay2 ,one worked with many a groan1 ,one whistled all the day4 ,one had a flower-clad cot ,beside a merry mill2 ,wife and children near the spot ,made it sweeter1 fairer still4 ,one a wretched hovel had1 ,full of discord1 dirt1 and din1 ,no wonder he seemed mad1 ,wife and children starved within4 ,still they worked in the same field1 ,toiled on from day to day1 ,both had the same hard labor1 ,both had the same small pay2 ,but they worked not with one will3 ,the reason let me tell-- ,lo6 the one drank at the still1 ,and the other at the well4 7#f7 ,embody in your lives the better idea of this poem1 ,where ,do ,you ,live1 by ,josephine ,pollard3-- ,i knew a man1 and his name was ,horner1 ,who used to live on ,grumble ,corner3 ,grumble ,corner1 in ,cross-,patch ,town1 ,and he was never seen without a frown4 ,he grumbled at this2 he grumbled at that2 ,he growled at the dog2 he growled at the cat2 ,he grumbled at morning2 he grumbled at night2 ,and to grumble and growl were his chief delight4 ,he grumbled so much at his wife that she ,began to grumble as well as he2 ,and all the children1 wherever they went1 ,reflected their parents' discontent4 ,if the sky was dark and betokened rain1 ,then ,mr4 ,horner was sure to complain2 ,and1 if there was never a cloud about1 ,he'd grumble because of a threatened drought4 ,his meals were never to suit his taste2 ,he grumbled at having to eat in haste2 ,the bread was poor1 or the meat was tough1 ,or else he hadn't had half enough4 ,no matter how hard his wife might try ,to please her husband1 with scornful eye ,he'd look around1 and then1 with a scowl ,at something or other1 begin to growl4 ,one day1 as ,i loitered about the street1 ,my old acquaintance ,i chanced to meet1 ,whose face was without the look of care ,and the ugly frown which it used to wear4 ',i may be mistaken1 perhaps1' ,i said1 ,as1 after saluting1 ,i turned my head2 ',but it is1 and it isn't1 the ,mr4 ,horner ,who lived for so long on ,grumble ,corner6' ,i met him next day2 and ,i met him again1 ,in melting weather1 and pouring rain1 ,when stocks were up and when stocks were down2 ,but a smile somehow had replaced the frown4 ,it puzzled me much2 and so one day ,i seized his hand in a friendly way1 ,and said3 ',mr4 ,horner1 ,i'd like to know ,what can have happened to change you so8' ,he laughed a laugh that was good to hear1 ,for it told of a conscience calm and clear1 ,and he said1 with none of the old-time drawl1 ',why1 ,i've changed my residence1 that is all6' ',changed your residence8' ',yes1' said ,horner1 ',it wasn't healthy on ,grumble ,corner1 ,and so ,i moved2 'twas a change complete2 ,and you'll find me now on ,thanksgiving ,street6' ,now1 every day as ,i move along ,the streets so filled with the busy throng1 ,i watch each face and can always tell ,where men and women and children dwell2 ,and many a discontented mourner ,is spending his days on ,grumble ,corner1 ,sour and sad1 whom ,i long to entreat ,to take a house on ,thanksgiving ,street4 ,,chapter ,,xii4 ,gold can gild a rotten stick and dirt sully an ingot4 ,aids to ,morality4--,many imagine that the only ways in which public and private morality can be improved1 says the ,philadelphia ,ledger1 are those definite and direct methods which appeal at once to the conscience and the heart4 ,preaching and teaching1 persuading and warning1 exhorting and encouraging1 are instrumentalities worthy of all honor1 and those whose abilities qualify them for such tasks should receive every possible stimulus to exert them in so noble a cause4 ,but it is a great mistake to suppose that these are the only means to promote morality4 ,every truly civilizing influence is also a reforming one4 ,by this we do not mean that miscalled civilization which multiplies wants1 and increases luxury and develops refinement in a few1 at the expense of the many1 but that advancement of mind and of knowledge1 which is forever disclosing better methods of living and diffusing them among the whole people4 ,dr4 ,howard ,crosby1 president of the ,society for the ,prevention of ,crime1 in ,new ,york1 and who has had wide opportunities of observing the condition of morality in that city1 has recently declared that the moral condition of ,new ,york has vastly improved during the past few years1 and that fifty years ago1 although there was far less of the foreign element than there is now1 a low condition of morality existed that would not be tolerated at the present time4 ,what is true of ,new ,york in this respect is equally true of our other cities1 and if there be any pessimist who points to the well-known corruptions and vices which still exist as a refutation of this statement1 we would remind him that the very fact that such things are now brought to the light1 discussed1 and condemned1 is a proof that they are on the decline4 ,when a community is deeply sunk in immorality1 little or no comment is made on the fact4 ,when we come to seek into the causes of this improvement1 we shall find that among the most prominent are the practical results of scientific progress and the civilizing tendencies of the age4 ,there is no question that dirt1 disease1 and darkness are prevalent sources of vice and crime1 and whatever influences are brought to bear against them will also press heavily against immorality4 ,the increasing value set upon health1 as shown alike in sanitary laws and regulations and in the greater willingness manifested by the community to understand and adopt hygienic modes of life1 is beyond dispute4 ,the improvements in house building and drainage2 the introduction of water1 pure and plentiful2 the freer admission of fresh air2 the better systems of ventilation2 the brilliant lighting up of our city streets--all contribute to the prevention of crime and to the spread of a higher type of morality1 while increasing the health1 peace1 and comfort of the community4 ,and when to all these we add the better and wider education given to the rising generation than was thought possible fifty years ago1 we shall find abundant reason for the moral advancement which has been made4 ,there are some persons who feel quite powerless to help on the cause of reform1 or to improve the moral character of a single individual1 because they have no gift for influencing men by direct appeal4 ,they have1 perhaps1 tried and failed1 and so1 although they would like to do some good in the world1 they are hopeless of any success4 ,let such take courage as they remember how many indirect1 yet most effectual1 methods there are of accomplishing this end4 ,let them look over the multitudes of civilizing agencies that are silently working in the interests of morality1 and attach themselves to such as most heartily engage their interest4 ,every intelligent individual must be in sympathy with some of them2 and it is just there that his services are needed and will be most valuable4 ,nor let him make the mistake of supposing that he is thus working upon a lower or inferior plane4 ,it is in works of benevolence and reform1 just as in all other kinds of work--that which a man can do best is the very best thing for him to do4 ,so1 if one man is interested in sanitary schemes and another in evening schools2 if one is anxious for free libraries and another for free parks2 if one can help to secure good roads and clean streets and another can aid in protecting children or dumb animals from ill-treatment1 let each be assured that in such exertions he is doing his share in promoting morality and in elevating character as surely and as effectually as those whose peculiar province it is to teach or to preach1 to admonish or to advise4 ,if the butcher's trade begets in him1 the butcher1 a disposition to use the knife more indiscriminately1 and causes him to look upon the taking of life indifferently and unconcernedly1 so that in a majority of the ,states he is disqualified from sitting upon a murderer's jury1 there then must be something not only in the associations we keep but in the business we follow4 ,the average lawyer tries by every known means to clear his client4 ,in #ej of the cases handled by #ej of the attorneys their clients are guilty and they know it4 ,they do not break the law of their ,state or country simply because the laws in the main are made to screen the evil-doers and not the honest citizen4 ,but how they can do this and affiliate with any one of the #a1ajj different faiths1 or attend their church organizations or services sincerely1 is more than we can surmise4 ,in contrast1 however1 we must mention an isolated case that has reached us well authenticated4 ,a very prominent and able lawyer of ,new ,york ,city1 who had the reputation of never losing a case1 was accosted by a well-known offender of the law on trial for felony before the court of ,oyer and ,terminer4 ,the attorney invited the would-be client into his private office and had him state his case4 ,he finished1 and the lawyer remarked1 ,you are guilty4 ,well1 ,i know that1 replied the culprit1 that is why ,i want your services--you never lose a case4 ,sir1 said the lawyer1 you have come to the wrong office4 ,i have never failed in any case before the courts2 ,i account for it from the fact that ,i have never espoused a cause where ,i knew the client was guilty4 ,knowing ,i was right1 ,i have thrown my whole soul into it1 and won4 ,gossip4--,there is a vast deal of unhappiness in this world caused by gossip4 ,dr4 ,j4 ,g4 ,holland presents helpful ideas in the following3-- ,what is the cure for gossip8--,simply culture4 ,there is a great deal of gossip that has no malignity in it4 ,good-natured people talk about their neighbors because they have nothing else to talk about4 ,as we write1 there comes to us the picture of a family of young ladies4 ,we have seen them at home1 we have met them in galleries of art1 we have caught glimpses of them going from a book store or library with a fresh volume in their hands4 ,when we meet them they are full of what they have seen and read4 ,they are brimming with questions4 ,one topic of conversation is dropped only to give place to another in which they are interested4 ,we have left them after a delightful hour1 stimulated and refreshed1 and during the whole hour not a neighbor's garment was soiled by so much as a touch4 ,they had something to talk about4 ,they knew something1 and wanted to know more4 ,they could listen as well as they could talk4 ,to speak freely of a neighbor's doings and belongings would have seemed an impertinence to them1 and1 of course1 an impropriety4 ,they had no temptation to gossip1 because the doings of their neighbors formed a subject very much less interesting than those which grew out of their knowledge and their culture4 ,and this tells the whole story4 ,the confirmed gossip is always either malicious or ignorant4 ,the one variety needs a change of heart and the other a change of pasture4 ,gossip is always a personal confession either of malice or imbecility1 and the young should not only shun it1 but1 by most thorough culture1 relieve themselves from all temptation to indulge in it4 ,it is a low1 frivolous1 and1 too often1 a dirty business4 ,there are neighborhoods in which it rages like a pest4 ,churches are split in pieces by it4 ,neighbors are made enemies by it for life4 ,in many persons it degenerates into a chronic disease1 which is practically incurable4 ,let the young cure it while they may4 ,married ,life4--,as the family is the center about which all life revolves1 it is absolutely essential to have happy relations there4 ,husbands too often neglect their wives and homes4 ,women are lonely1 says ,mrs4 ,annie ,jenness4 ,they miss their husbands4 ,what amount of companionship exists between the ,american woman and the man8 ,he starts for his office as soon as his breakfast is hurriedly swallowed4 ,he does not come home at the lunch hour4 ,he is barely in season for a late dinner4 ,very possibly he belongs to a club and has an engagement as soon as dinner is done4 ,if not that1 his head is in bank or counting-house1 and he studies the stock quotations in the night's paper1 and counts1 as against a possible rise of wheat1 the day's gossip1 with which his wife is overflowing1 very small potatoes4 ,they have callers1 or they go to opera or theater4 ,it may easily happen that they do not spend ten minutes in conversation with each other during the day4 ,american men are always in a hurry4 ,they seem to live for the sole purpose of catching trains4 ,they have no time to amuse or be amused4 ,the conditions of modern life separate them from women4 ,the lives of men grow more and more simple--business comprehends the whole4 ,the lives of women grow more and more complex--everything which is not business is given over to them4 ,a man past the romantic epoch1 who honestly enjoys talking with women1 is not an average mortal4 ,the every-day sort of man takes pains to be detained somewhere until all the guests have departed from his wife's #e o'clock tea4 ,the couple live in different worlds4 ,the world is now discussing why marriage is a failure1 if it is8 ,then consider this collection of reasons3-- ,when either of the parties marry for money4 ,when the lord of creation pays more for cigars than his better half does for hosiery1 boots1 and bonnets4 ,when one of the parties engages in a business that is not approved by the other4 ,when both parties persist in arguing over a subject upon which they never have and never can think alike4 ,when neither husband nor wife takes a vacation4 ,when the vacations are taken by one side of the house only4 ,when a man attempts to tell his wife what style of bonnet she must wear4 ,when a man's ,christmas presents to his wife consist of boot-jacks1 shirts1 and gloves for himself4 ,when the watchword is1 ',each for himself4' ,when dinner is not ready at dinner-time4 ,when 'he' snores his loudest while 'she' kindles the fire4 ,when 'father' takes half of the pie and leaves the other half for the one that made it and her eight children4 ,when the children are given the neck and back of the chicken4 ,when children are obliged to clamor for their rights4 ,when the money that should go for a book goes for what only one side of the house knows anything about4 ,when there is too much latch-key4 ,when politeness1 fine manners1 and kindly attentions are reserved for company or visits abroad4 ,,chapter ,,xiii4 ,the greatest friend of truth is time4 ,,what ,,we ,,inherit ,,from ,,the ,,past4 ,the world moves only through the constant accumulation and conservation of force--the force of mind4 ,we are not capable of conceiving the immense wastage of this force from year to year and from century to century4 ,if we produce a great inventor we are ignorantly proud of him4 ,we wonder at him as if he were a miracle4 ,a great thinker in mechanics1 in art1 in science1 in letters1 astonishes as if he were a prodigy1 when he is really only an approach to what all men have the right to be1 to what all men may become when the right mind has applied to it the right compelling power of suggestion from the force of other minds4 ,as surely as the plant is involved in its seed1 so surely is all the progress of the future involved in the thought of the past1 recorded in books as far as it is possible to record it at all4 ,the telephone1 the telegraph1 the phonograph1 the steam-engine1 the power loom--every result of the application of mind in the subjection of matter--existed in the minds of men and was recorded in books years before the thought gave suggestion to the mind which applied it practically4 ,back of the mind of the great thinker in poetry1 in statesmanship1 in science1 in mechanics1 is the conserved force of the minds preceding him4 ,but what does it all avail if it is wasted8 ,we may have now a thousand ,edisons1 ,fultons1 ,morses and ,maurys1 inert and practically useless because of force unapplied that might set them in motion to make the lives of millions1 born and unborn1 easier and happier4 ,we have poets1 statesmen1 scientists1 and inventors as unknown and unproductive as the worms which change them into productive forms of matter in country church-yards1 where some ,gray finds them and touches us with a sense of their loss to us without suggesting the remedy4 ,what remedy is there if it is not this of making the suggested possibility of the past the endeavor of the present and the achievement of the future8 ,how is that possible1 if we regard our capable men as miracles1 when our own incapacity to understand is the only miracle when we leave the great possibilities of mind in unnumbered thousands to die with the matter of their bodies8 ,charity builds a small-pox hospital and men bless it--rightly4 ,it benefits its hundreds and its thousands4 ,the same benevolence1 operating under the force of the conserved energy of mind1 discovers vaccination1 and so benefits millions and tens of millions for ages after the small-pox hospital is back in the clay from which its bricks were burned4 ,there is here no parallel possible between the results achieved--those of the one hand so immensely exceed those of the other4 ,the whole problem of the present and future is to bring the accumulated force of suggestion from the past to bear on the given point--on the mind of the living man1 capable in possibility1 and failing to achieve only for lack of stimulus--of force1 of power--as a steam-engine is incapable without force applied from without4 ,and as it is the last shovel of coal that sets the engine to work1 so the mind1 prepared for the final suggestion that is to give it its highest usefulness1 will remain inert if the suggestion fails it4 ,these suggestions may come from nature or directly from other minds1 but in the main they come from the force of mind preserved in books4 ,can there be any greater1 any more capable benevolence1 than that which gives this force its widest possible application8 ,a million dollars may endow a hospital for a century4 ,half as much in an endowment making a library free may bring pressure to bear on some brain1 that1 as a result1 will save more suffering for the human race than has been saved by vaccination4 ,,longevity4 ,,chapter ,,xiv4 ,,longevity4 ,tell me not in mournful numbers1 ,life is but an empty dream1 ,for the soul is dead that slumbers1 ,and things are not what they seem4 ,how long shall a man live8 ,that depends entirely upon the ,liver6--,punch4 ,if you have read with care the preceding chapters of this work1 and paused between the lines to reflect1 you will not now have to be retold our panacea for a long life4 ,by this we mean the usually allotted three-score and ten1 or also the #abj years given as the limit in ,genesis1 #crd and #fth chapters4 ,these ages1 however1 are not common in any country or age4 ,there are many instances of #gj years1 but not enough to be called common1 while it is the survival of the fittest that reach #abj years4 ,in the ,united ,states only #e4f of population are above #fj years and probably not more than #d-a_/b are over #gj years4 ,norway has the best record1 with #i of the population above the age of #fj4 ,japan has #a1ahb1jjj people over #gj years1 but only #gc of these are over #ajj1 and #a alone has reached the age of #aaa years4 ,probably the oldest human being living in the ,united ,states at this writing is the old ,indian named ,gabriel1 residing at or near ,castroville1 ,cal41 #ajj miles south of ,san ,francisco4 ,he has an authentic history of #adf years1 and he is believed to be over #aej years old4 ,but for real characteristic longevity1 we must visit the mountain fastnesses of ,thibet1 in ,asia1 where live a number of specimens of the human family that have a recorded history back to the latter part of the #afth century4 ,we have previously told you that by regularity alone man may reach the age of #ajj years4 ,now we intend to treat more the possibilities of how long it is possible for mankind to retain all their mental faculties and enjoy sufficient vital force to battle with the world for a livelihood4 ,we are led to believe1 like ,dr4 ,wm4 ,a4 ,hammond1 a prominent physician of ,new ,york ,city that there is no physiological reason at the present day why man should die4 7,further on we give more of the ,doctor's theory47 ,just so long1 however1 as there are no paid teachers to show how not to get sick1 how to keep the physique and mind from tiring1 the heart from growing weary and discontented1 just so long will the average of life remain under #dj years and the grave-yards continue to be populated4 ,there are hundreds of reasons why this or that clan or sect live longer than the other sect or clan1 but what we wish to convey is that none of them live out all their days4 ,for instance1 in comparison with other nations not mentioned1 the ,german can drink more beer1 the ,frenchman more wine1 the ,russian more pure spirits1 the ,englishman more brandy1 and the ,american more whisky1 before harm is perceptible1 likewise the ,chinese can smoke more opium and the ,russian a stronger cigarette1 and more of them1 before harm is apparent to others4 ,no matter what an individual's creed1 color1 or nationality1 if he be intelligent and clearly endowed with the five known senses1 he does know that any narcotic1 no matter of what nature1 even if it is as mild as steeped tea leaves and as odorless as pure water1 is a detriment to some one of the senses4 ,as each sense is dulled1 the others must sympathize with it2 so it will not require an instrument to measure to the 4#jja part of an inch1 or to a single vibration of the violet ray1 to test the degree of injury that the human structure received for each variation from the path of perfection4 ,if perfection of climate is sought1 perfect sanitation obtained1 regularity1 cleanliness1 uprightness1 temperance1 and self-control practiced1 if the bodily waste is supplied with nature's fruits1 grains1 vegetables1 and herbs1 if drinking is done at nature's fountain for thirst1 life will be prolonged to see the light in more than one century4 ,finally1 add to that1 if self is forgotten1 and only the comfort of others remembered and regarded1 life may be indefinitely prolonged4 ,m4 ,chevreul1 the eminent ,french scientist1 died ,april #i1 #ahhi1 aged #ajc years4 ,on the #cast day of ,august1 #ahhf1 he attained the age of #ajj years1 and was still in vigorous health1 and with all his faculties unimpaired4 ,the occasion 'was celebrated by the students of ,paris1 among whom he is a great favorite1 and by the ,french people generally1 with enthusiasm4' ,the ,paris ,journal ,illustre seized upon the opportunity to interview him in a manner that is described as marking 'an era in this line of journalistic enterprise4 ,not only were his words taken down verbatim1 but his various attitudes while speaking were photographed by the instantaneous process1 and engraved1' twelve illustrations being given in the interview4 ,m4 ,chevreul is an important figure in the scientific world1 and the interview contains many useful lessons in hygiene and philosophy1 not the least of which is described by his interviewer as an exposition of the 'chemical secret of longevity4' ,in a condensed form1 it is as follows3 ,he regards longevity as a great blessing1 and declares that the method by which it may be secured is easy to learn2 but ,i think that with many people it would be difficult to follow4 ,he laid down the proposition that the larger proportion of the human race die of disease and not of old age4 ,now1 he finds that while we should especially guard against drawing general conclusions from particular cases1 yet it is nevertheless true that the study of particular cases may and should conduct us to general precepts4 ,it is necessary for each one to study his personal aptitudes1 and conform to them with a constant firmness4 ,every r'egim'e is personal1 and ',i cannot too much insist upon this essential point1 that what is suitable for one may not be for another4 ,it is1 then1 important for each one to note well what is adapted to his own constitution4 ,thus1 ,i have the same aversion to fish as to fermented liquors1 especially to wine1 also a distaste for a large number of vegetables1 and ,i could never drink milk4 ,shall ,i conclude1 then1 that fish1 that the vegetables which ,i do not relish1 and milk1 are not nutritive8--,certainly not2 for ,i judge by a general rule and not by my own idiosyncrasies4 ,coffee and chocolate agree with me2 the latter is especially nutritive1 and gives me an appetite for food4 ,it is for me an aperient4 ,shall ,i conclude from this that chocolate would give everybody an appetite8' ,he maintains a barometric exactness and regularity in all the habits of his daily life1--eats at fixed hours1 takes his time1 and leaves the table with some appetite for more4 ,he says he remembers the words of the wise man1 ',the stomach has slain more men than war1' and that the ,spartans proscribed those citizens who were too fat4 ,i use little salt or spices1 and but little coffee1 and ,i flee as from a pest from all those excitants of which ,i feel no need1 and from all tobacco and alcoholics in whatever form they may present themselves4' ,he divides his day1 the morning to exact science1 the middle of the day to philosophy1 and the evening to music and poetry4 ',but above all1 no discussion at the table4 ,one should only eat with a calm spirit4 ,let the dining-room remain the dining-room1 and never be turned into a room for argument4 ,discussion while eating is a cushion of needles in the stomach4' ,dr4 ,felix ,l4 ,oswald has made the following brilliant conclusions in the ,curiosities of ,longevity3-- ,among the centenarians of all nations and all times1 a significant plurality were either rustics1 or city dwellers addicted to outdoor pursuits4 ,centenarians are remarkably frequent among the bailiff-ridden boors of ,southern ,russia1 and the five oldest persons of modern times were care-worn if not abjectly poor villagers3 ,peter ,czartan1 who died in a hamlet near ,belgrade1 #agbd1 in his hundred and eighty-fifth year2 the ,russian beggar ,kamartzik1 a native of ,polotzk1 who reached an age of one hundred and sixty-three years1 and died in consequence of an accident2 the fisherman ,jenkins1 who1 in spite of life-long penury1 lived at least a century and a half 7the estimate of his neighbors varying from one hundred and fifty-eight to one hundred and sixty-nine years72 the negress ,truxo1 who died in slavery on the plantation of a ,tucuman physician1 in her hundred and seventy-fifth year2 and the day-laborer1 ,thomas ,parr1 who attained the pretty-well-authenticated age of one hundred and fifty-two years1 and who died a few weeks after his removal from country air and indigence to comfort and city quarters4 ,if dietetic restrictions tend to prolong human life1 the rule would seem to be chiefly confirmed by its exceptions4 ,the children of ,israel are apt to ascribe their certainly remarkable longevity to the ,mosaic interdict of hogs' flesh4444 ,john ,h4 ,brown1 ,m4 ,d41 the ,berwick ,a,esculapius1 enumerates a long list of patients who had postponed their funeral by following his plan of systematic hygiene--the plan1 namely1 of 'toning down' plethora by bleeding and cathartics1 and of 'toning up' debility by means of beef and brandy4 ,but sixteen hundred years ago the philosopher ,lucian called attention to the exceptional longevity of the ,pythagorean ascetics1 whose religious by-laws enjoined total abstinence from wine and all sorts of animal food4 ,the naturalist ,brehm describes the robust physique of a ,soudan chieftain who1 at the reputed age of one hundred and six years1 could hurl a stone with force sufficient to kill a jackal at a distance of fifty yards1 and thought nothing of starving for a week or two if his foragers happened to return empty-handed4 ,but the same traveler mentions that his swarthy ,nestor now and then compensated such fasts by barbecues lasting from ten to twenty-four hours1 and including a m'elange of marrow-fat and pepper-grass1 besides dozens of hard-boiled crane's eggs1 jerboa stew1 and deep draughts of clarified butter4 ,long fasts certainly enhance the vigor of the digestive organs1 but the net result of repeating such experiments seems rather difficult to reconcile with the experience of ,luigi ,cornaro1 the ,venetian reformer1 who managed to outlive all his cousins and schoolmates1 and ascribed his success to the mathematical regularity of his bill of fare1 which1 during the last sixty years of his self-denying existence1 had been limited to twelve ounces of solid food and fourteen ounces of fluids--wine chiefly1 a beverage which the ,soudanese emir would have rejected with a snort of virtuous horror4 ,dr4 ,virchow1 though by no means an advocate of total abstinence1 admits that the longevity of the ,semitic desert-dwellers can be explained only by their caution in the use of stimulants--a virtue which in their case would1 indeed1 appear to offset an unusual number of circumstantial disadvantages--thirst1 fiery suns1 and fiery passions being decidedly unpropitious to length of life4 ,and here1 at last1 we may strike a bit of terra firma in the quicksands of speculative hygiene4 ',take a hundred different animals1' says the sanitarian ,schrodt1 and you will find them to prefer a hundred different sorts of solid food1 but they all drink milk in infancy1 and afterward water2 and considering the infinite variety of comestibles a healthy human stomach contrives to digest1 we might very well agree to deserve that privilege by limiting the variety of our beverages4' ,instinct certainly abhors the first taste of alcoholic liquors1 and statistics prove that in all climes and among all nations the disease-resisting power of the human organism is diminished by the habitual use of toxic stimulants4 ,mohammed1 ,buddha1 and ,zoroaster agree on that point1 and the esoteric teachings of ,pythagoras may have qualified his rather fanciful objections to grape-juice by the practical hope of longevity4 ,a complete list of infallible prescriptions for the prolongation of human life would fill a voluminous book1 and would include some decidedly curious specifics4 ',to what do you ascribe your hale old age8' the ,emperor ,augustus asked a centenarian whom he found wrestling in the palaestra and bandying jokes with the young athletes4 ',intus mulso1 foris oleo1' said the old fellow--',oil for the skin and mead water and honey for the inner man4' ,cardanus suggests that old age might be indefinitely postponed by a semi-fluid diet warmed 7like mothers' milk7 to the exact temperature of the human system and ,voltaire accuses his rival ,maupertuis of having hoped to attain a similar result by varnishing his hide with a sort of resinous paint 7un poix r'esineux7 that would prevent the vital strength from evaporating by exhalation4 ,robert ,burton recommends 'oil of unaphar and dormouse fat2' ,paracelsus1 rectified spirits of alcohol2 ,horace1 olives and marsh-mallows4 ,dr4 ,zimmerman1 the medical adviser of ,frederick the ,great1 sums up the ',art of ,longevity' in the following words3 ',temperate habits1 outdoor exercise1 and steady industry1 sweetened by occasional festivals4' ,the increasing longevity of man is attracting considerable attention from collectors of statistics1 and some curious facts are being elicited4 ,according to the last census1 #aj per cent of the people who died between #ahgj and #ahhj had outlived the traditional three-score years and ten1 whereas of the deaths between #ahdj and #ahej1 only #g4dg per cent were of persons of that age4 ,in #ahej1 #af4ij per cent of the deaths were of children under one year of age2 in #ahhj1 the proportion was #bc4bd1 showing a smaller percentage of deaths among adults4 ,the average length of life in ,england #cjj years ago was only twenty years4 ,in ,france the average length of life1 under ,louis ,,xviii41 was twenty-eight years4 ,actuaries are figuring that within the past half-century the average length of life has greatly increased4 ,a study of this subject is impeded by the tendency of almost everyone to generalize from individual examples within his own observation4 ,this is almost sure to be misleading1 because no one's acquaintance is so large that it embraces factors enough to base a theory on4 ,people say that life is longer than it used to be1 because ,palmerston rode to hounds at #hb1 and ,peter ,cooper and the ,emperor ,william were intellectually vigorous at over #ia4 ,they forget that ,marino ,faliero was over #hj when he concocted his plot1 and that the blind ,dodge ,dandolo was #hd when he took ,constantinople4 ,every age has produced a few long-lived men1 and here and there a centenarian4 ,the question of importance is not whether this age is yielding more centenarians than former ages1 but whether1 on the average1 the age of man is longer than it was1 and if so1 how much longer8 ,the grounds for an increased longevity--better doctors and more of them1 better drainage1 more wholesome food1 wiser habits1 and better facilities for securing change of air--justify the belief that life is lengthening1 to what degree it is hard to say4 ,m4 ,flourens1 who had made a life study of the subject1 said that every man ought to live to be a hundred1 if he took care of himself4 ,in a number of the ,popular ,science ,monthly is an article by ,clement ,milton ,hammond on the prolongation of human life that is interesting both in the way of being readable and as based on returns as to an unusually large number of persons above eighty years of age4 ,the facts were obtained by sending out #e1jjj blanks to be filled4 ,they were sent through ,new ,england only and were intended to cover personal history and hereditary influence4 ,over #c1ejj of the blanks were filled out and returned4 ,they show that less than #e per cent remained unmarried through life1 the unmarried women being three times as numerous as the unmarried men4 ,the average number of children was five4 ,five out of six of the old people had light complexions1 blue or gray eyes1 and abundant brown hair4 ,the men were generally tall and ranged in weight from #ajj to #afj pounds1 with a few of #bjj pounds1 and the women of medium size1 weighing from #ajj to #abj pounds1 with some exceptional cases up to #ahj pounds4 ,the men were generally bony and muscular1 and the women the opposite4 ,at the time of record the hair was generally thick1 the teeth poor or entirely gone1 the skin only slightly wrinkled4 ,generally their habits of eating and sleeping have been conspicuously regular4 ,they have as a rule adhered to one occupation through life1 and of the #a1jjj men #dfa were farmers4 ,few have used alcoholic drink stronger than cider4 ,a large majority of the men used tobacco4 ,the average age of the parents and grandparents of the persons reported on was about sixty-five4 ,the average time of sleep was about eight hours4 ,dr4 ,maurice advances some staunch ideas on old age3-- ,do poor people live longer than the affluent8 ,there are so many more poor in the world than there are rich that we can be sure of finding more poor old people4 ,probably excessive wealth is a burden sure to exhaust its possessor in the care of it4 ,our millionaires1 however1 are men for the most part who began poor and were possessed of tenacious vitality1 that is1 with a grip on other things as strong as on the money bags4 ,professor ,humphrey's ',report on ,age of ,persons' gives us #hbd persons1 of both sexes1 of whom about half were poor and the rest at least in good circumstances1 #aj per cent only being possessed of wealth4 ,the real truth seems to be that poverty1 with an iron constitution and sound nerves1 is most likely to produce an instance of extreme age2 but the possession of the comforts and amenities of life produces by far the best average of ages4 ,the average age of the middle classes has always surpassed that of others2 but at present sanitation forces on the poor so many provisions against disease that they are saved from their former high death-rate1 and brought quite near the privately better-bred and furnished class4 ,there has certainly been long sustained1 in proverbs and otherwise1 a conviction that early rising and early retiring have much to do with prolonged vitality4 ,franklin insisted on it vigorously4 ,lord ,mansfield1 also1 held it to be an important item in his sustained vigor to near ninety4 ,i am inclined to believe that the estimate is not erroneous4 ,we are far more the creatures of habit than we generally allow4 ,at certain moments we become regularly hungry1 regularly sleepy1 and so with all other functions4 ,it is wise beyond doubt to recognize this fact and never break our habits1 that is1 our useful habits4 ,but beyond this1 there are certain habits dependent on cosmical causes1 such as movements of the sun4 ,our natural rest would seem to be properly conformed1 in the main1 to the appearance and disappearance of daylight4 ,but after we have fairly and fully considered the subject1 there remains the one fact that idleness will end life sooner than any other cause4 ,the hour that any person retires from any and all occupation he is sure to drop into decadence4 ,the mind is very sure to begin to lose its clearness when it is withdrawn from regular exercise4 ,both brain and muscular power lapse with lack of activity4 ,the custom of working excessively till sixty-five or seventy1 and then withdrawing from business1 is wrong at both ends4 ,we crowd life at the beginning1 and let its functioning grow torpid at the close4 ,much is lost to age by our modern methods of locomotion4 ,great walkers are scarce2 there is almost a total lack of horse-back exercise4 ,carriage-riding over smooth roads in no way compensates4 ,perhaps there is nothing that prolongs life more than genial1 hearty laughter4 ,william ,matthews says that there is not a remote corner or little inlet of the minute blood-vessels of the human body that does not feel some wavelet from the great convulsion caused by hearty laughter shaking the central man4 ,not only does the blood move more quickly than it is wont1 but its chemical or electric condition is distinctly modified1 and it conveys a different impression to the organs of the body1 as it visits them on that particular mystic journey when the man laughs1 from what it does at other times4 ,a genial1 hearty laugh1 therefore1 prolongs life1 by conveying a distinct and additional stimulus to the vital forces4 ,best of all1 it has no remorse in it4 ,it leaves no sting1 except in the sides1 and that goes off4 ,cicero thought so highly of it that he complained bitterly at one time that his fellow-citizens had all forgotten to laugh3 ,civem mehercule non puto esse qui his temporibus ridere possit4 ,titus1 the ,roman emperor1 thought he had lost a day if he had passed it without laughing4 ,what a world would this be without laughter6 ,to what a dreary1 dismal complexion should we all come at last1 were all fun and cachination expurged from our solemn and scientific planet6 ,care would soon overwhelm us2 the heart would corrode2 the river of life would be like the lake of the ,dismal ,swamp2 we should begin our career with a sigh1 and end it with a groan2 while cadaverous faces1 and words to the tune of ',the ,dead ,march in ,saul1' would make up the whole interlude of our existence4 ,hume1 the historian1 in examining a ,french manuscript containing accounts of some private disbursements of ,king ,edward ,,ii4 of ,england1 found1 among others1 one item of a crown paid to somebody for making the king laugh4 ,could one conceive of a wiser investment8 ,perhaps by paying one crown ,edward saved another4 ',the most utterly lost of all days1' says ,chamfort1 'is that on which you have not once laughed4' ,even that grimmest and most saturnine of men1 who1 though he made others roar with merriment1 was never known to smile1 and who died 'in a rage1 like a poisoned rat in a hole'--,dean ,swift--has called laughter 'the most innocent of all diuretics4' ,yet the philosopher of ,concord1 ,r4 ,w4 ,emerson1 is reported as having said in a lecture3 ',laughter is to be avoided4 ,lord ,chesterfield said that after he had come to the years of understanding he never laughed4' ,lord ,chesterfield would have had far more influence if1 instead of repressing every inclination to laugh1 he had now and then given his ribs a holiday--nay1 if he had even roared outright2 for it would have disabused the public of the notion that he never obeyed a natural impulse1 but that everything he said and did was prestudied--done by square1 rule1 and compass4 ,as it was1 though he was confessedly the politest1 best-bred1 most insinuating man at court1 yet he was regularly and invariably out-flanked and out-maneuvered by ,sir ,robert ,walpole1 who had the heartiest laugh in the kingdom1 and by the ,duke of ,newcastle1 who had the worst manners in the world4 ,in commending laughter1 we mean genuine laughter1 not a make-believe1 not the artificial or falsetto laugh of fashionable society1 nor1 again1 the mere smile of acquiescent politeness1 or the crackling of thorns under a pot1 or the curl of the lips that indicates in the laughter a belief in his fancied superiority4 ,still less do we mean the hollow1 mocking laugh of the cynic4 ,the laughter which we would commend as healthful is not bitter1 but kindly1 genial1 and sympathetic4 ,no ,physiological ,reason for ,death4--,dr4 ,william ,a4 ,hammond1 a prominent physician of ,new ,york1 who has written several medical treatises1 and was some years ago ,surgeon-,general of the ,united ,states ,army1 has recently set forth his belief that there is no physiological reason at the present day why man should die4 ,he maintains that people die through the ignorance of the laws which govern their existence1 and from their inability1 or indisposition1 to attend to those laws with which they are acquainted4 ,now1 as the business of medical men has ostensibly been for the last four thousand years to prolong human life1 and as ,dr4 ,hammond affirms that there is no good reason why people should die1 the wonder is why men of his school have not drawn up some formula by which they could live on for three or four thousand years1 at least4 ,there has always been a vague impression that the knowledge of the preservation of human life had been lost1 and that in some favored era of the world's history that knowledge would be recovered4 ,if there is such a thing as a hidden law of life1 which1 when discovered and asserted1 will arrest physical decay and prevent death1 except by accident1 ,doctor ,hammond1 and all who hold to his doctrine1 ought to lose no time in making it known4 ,this medical authority reasons that1 as the human body is constantly dying and constantly renewing its particles1 this law of displacement and renewal ought to be perpetual1 and that when it is discovered just what substances are best fitted to maintain this equipoise1 as it were1 there should be no giving out of the physical powers4 ',the food that man takes into his stomach1' says ,doctor ,hammond1 'ought to be of such quantity and quality as would exactly repair the losses which1 through the action of the several organs1 his body is to undergo4 ,if it is excessive in either of these directions1 or if it is deficient1 disease of some kind will certainly be the result4 ,if he knew enough to be able to adjust his daily food to the expected daily requirements of his system1 disease could never ensue through the exhaustion of any one of his vital organs4 ,a large majority of the morbid affections to which he is subject are due to a lack of this knowledge4 ',now1 suppose that he is exactly right in his calculations1 and that the food taken is neither too great nor too little1 but exactly compensates the anticipated losses1 the death of each cell in the brain1 or the heart1 or the muscles1 etc41 will be followed by the birth of a new cell1 which will take its place and assume its functions4 ,gout1 rheumatism1 liver and kidney diseases1 heart affections1 softening and other destructive disorders of the brain1 the various morbid conditions to which the digestive organs are subject1 would be impossible except through the action of some external force1 such as the swallowing of sulphuric acid1 or a blow on the head1 or a stab with a knife1 which would come clearly within the class of accidents1 and of course many of these would be avoidable4' ,dr4 ,hammond's theory supposes that the time will come when the individual will have learned the uttermost thing about the laws of life1 and when he will conform so strictly to these laws that he will have nothing more to learn in regard to the best way of living4 ,it may require ages for this progress1 but when it is attained1 and the race is set free from all morbific influences1 physical death would be impossible4 ,the summary of his points is that 'people die from ignorance of the laws of life2 and from willfulness in not obeying the laws they know4' ,that may be a part of the truth which is very near the surface4 ,but the other demonstration is not quite so clear as could be wished--that there can be any such thing as an eternity of physical life1 even if all the laws touching that life were known and every one of them obeyed4 ,,part ,,ii ,,chapter ,i4 ,,diseases ,,and ,,remedies2 ,,how ,,to ,,prevent ,,most ,,maladies ,,and ,,cure ,,ills ,,possessed4 ,note4--,if the reader is in haste to know what will cure this or that trouble1 before perusing the pages of this entire pamphlet1 such as cramp1 colic1 indigestion1 constipation1 headache1 etc41 the index found in the back part of this work will give immediate reference1 and the prescriptions instant relief4 ,if you are cured thereby of any of the many maladies that beset the human family1 remember that it is only temporary2 for to be cured of any disease permanently requires the removal of the cause4 ,one of the objects of this book is to convey that information4 ,the great disparity between the actions and teachings of many of our principal writers must be apparent to every reader of books1 pamphlets1 and editorials1 upon the subject of health and its allies1 happiness and longevity4 ,many of the leading exponents of temperance have periodical spells of drunkenness1 and some drink all the time4 ,the prominent articles written upon the subject of sanitary matters and cleanliness1 are generally by the editor whose office is the scene of disorder1 the floor covered with tobacco quids1 old rubbish and dust1 and the corners filled with cobwebs4 ,the writer upon the subject of poverty and the wrongs of the poor1 has his headquarters fitted up in the most magnificent style2--he never knew what it was to want for a meal1 nor did he ever darken the door of real poverty4 ,the missionary advocate soliciting funds for the heathen and down-trodden poor of foreign lands1 more than likely never crossed the borders of his own ,state1 certainly has not taken a stroll through the dark lanes and alleys1 or climbed the dingy stairways of the tenement houses of his own city4 ,if he had done so1 a more effective appeal would have gone up for the suffering poor and spiritually blind of the principal unsanitary municipalities of his own country4 ,the physician with a bad cough and broken-down constitution is still prescribing for consumptives and patients with all manner of aches and pains1 of which his own body is a perfect index4 ,and the minister who has not yet lost all his hatred for that other sect1 and occasionally assists in persecuting it1 is still teaching the doctrine of the meek and lowly ,nazarene4 ,having experienced a large number of diseases and their successful remedies1 we have for several years been collecting the most reliable data and testimony on many--in short most--of mankind's bodily ills4 ,in this second part we present them for your benefit4 ,there are about #aa1jjj remedies mentioned in the #aeth edition of the ,united ,states ,dispensatory1 by reference to which it will be seen that each affliction to which flesh is heir must be more than well drugged4 ,it is the fault of the community at large that the necessity of such a work exists4 ,there is no demand for any form of disease even with the improper state of society as it is to-day4 ,extreme old age and a limited number of accidents are all that can be necessary to record4 ,the following is an admirable article from the ,st4 ,louis ,globe ,democrat1 which is quite pertinent4 ,sanitation and ,sanity4--,the general subject of sanitation now covers our architecture and our home life2 our sewerage and disposition of waste2 our personal cleanliness and contact in all social relations2 our food and drink1 both as to quality and kind2 quarantine and other preventives against contagion and infection2 the purification of streams1 and the cleansing of the air of smoke and foul vapors2 in fact1 the whole subject of health or wholeness4 99 99 99 ,a national board of health was as unthought of as was an ,atlantic cable in #ahjj4 ,but the fact that great epidemics were liable to invade us1 and did invade us1 led to a system of quarantine and to enforced vaccination4 ,but the regulation by law of our social manners1 so far as they bore on public health1 was not undertaken to any extent until within the past decade4 99 99 99 ,indeed1 public sentiment is as yet so uninformed that thorough laws in the case could not be enacted or enforced4 ,there is not a stream in the ,united ,states that can be kept entirely free from pollution4 ,the sanitary value of this is not understood by even the intelligent populace4 ,the drainage of swamps is neglected in the neighborhood of our larger cities4 ,st4 ,louis has tolerated inside her limits pools that have made fevers of a malarious sort1 with spinal meningitis1 as common as croup4 ,chicago has acres of rotting vegetable matter inside the corporation every autumn4 ,the inroads of yellow fever have always been invited by the unsanitary condition of ,southern towns4 ,the reports of ,surgeon-,general ,hamilton1 last summer1 showed that the pest found its first welcome in a town where sewerage was wholly neglected1 and tons of rotting sawdust and refuse filled the heated air with fever conditions4 ,the discovery of the germ origin of diphtheria and of the typhoid forms of fever1 has led to great changes in thousands of households4 ,our houses are constructed with far more attention to ventilation and proper heating4 ,we shall finally get rid of drunkenness and intemperance of other sorts1 on sanitary grounds mainly4 ,alcohol has been considered as at least valuable in moderation4 ,it has been looked upon as a medicine4 ,that its value as a stimulant hangs on the previous abuse of health is now understood1 and its value purely as a very temporary bridging of weakness alone is conceded4 ,that the drink habit is in any sense1 however moderate1 of sanitary value1 is disproved4 ,few doctors prescribe any form of alcohol for habitual use4 ,the saloon is unsanitary in all its effects4 ,the temperance issue rests at that point4 ,animals to which spirits have been given in their food digest nearly one-half less than other animals of the kind4 ,the nutrition of the human body demands the abolition of stimulants and narcotics4 ,the saloon will go ultimately as a nuisance to health4 ,we have not yet reached a condition when public morals can rest on any other basis than health4 ,it is doubtful if there can be a higher basis4 ,what is unwholesome is wrong2 what is promotive of health and completeness for the individual and for the community is right4 ,sanity is dependent on sanitary living4 ,they both are derived etymologically from sanitus1 and that from sanus1 the ,latin for sound or whole4 ,insanity has come to have the limited meaning of unsoundness of brain4 99 99 99 ,insanity is on the increase in the ,united ,states1 but not more so than nervous disorders in general4 ,this indicates a tendency to a break-down of the national type of organism1 and cannot be considered with indifference4 ,the fact exists as a consequence of the overwork and high pressure of modern life1 but in this country is at its maximum1 because1 for several generations1 we have been at white heat1 subjecting a continent to our domestic purposes4 ,the vast unfolding of means of wealth has also acted as a stimulant1 compared to which alcohol is insignificant4 ,our lunatic asylums multiply1 but are all full4 ,the percentage of failure is greatest in ,california1 where speculation has been most intense4 ,it is impossible to avoid the problem4 ,how shall we reverse this tendency1 and begin the construction of an ,american type of full1 robust1 conservative1 and reserved energy8 ,the underlying problem of all problems is to secure a constitution4 ,a nation that lives and works in such a manner as to grow weaker in brain endurance and nerve power1 and yet so lives that the demands on brain and nerves are increased1 is doomed4 ,the intensity of modern life is something we cannot reverse4 ,we must adapt ourselves to it by securing larger and more systematic means of recuperation4 ,brain-workers must learn to use the first half of the day for work1 and sacredly give the last half to rest and play4 ,night must be given back entirely to sleep4 ,withal it is clear that we must understand the close relation between sanity and sanitation4 ,our people can no longer eat and drink as grossly as our fathers did4 ,the stomach gets not half the time it formerly did for digestion4 ,it must1 therefore1 be delivered of half its toil4 ,the introduction of stoves and modern conveniences must be accompanied by more rational ventilation4 ,active brains require a vast and regular supply of oxygen4 ,it is not for the lungs alone that we need pure air1 but for the brain4 ,this is specifically an ,american problem1 the readjustment of society1 so that the mind shall be relieved of strain and consequent enfeeblement4 ,individual1 municipal1 and national cleanliness by enactment of law are among the first steps that should be taken4 ,the churches and schools should teach it as a prerequisite before godliness1 or education in general2 then with perfect ventilation1 sanitation1 and regularity of all the virtues1 there will be no vices1 and godliness and education will be contagious1 just as though they were real diseases4 ,the first thing to undertake if you are desirous of freeing yourself of any disease1 ache1 or pain1 is to stop the cause4 ,act on the same principle you would if you had a barrel that had leaked its contents and you desired to refill it1--first stop the leak4 ,it is absolutely necessary that you study cause as well as effect1 if you would know yourself4 ,the ,secret of ,sound ,health4--,half the secret of life1 says ,mac,millan's ,magazine1 we are persuaded1 is to know when we are grown old2 and it is the half most hardly learned4 ,it is more hardly learned1 moreover1 in the matter of exercise than in the matter of diet4 ,there is no advice so commonly given to the ailing man of middle age as the advice to take more exercise1 and there is perhaps none which leads him into so many pitfalls4 ,this is particularly the case with the brain workers4 ,the man who labors his brain must spare his body4 ,he cannot burn the candle at both ends1 and the attempt to do so will almost inevitably result in his lighting it in the middle to boot4 ,most men who use their brains much soon learn for themselves that the sense of physical exaltation1 the glow of exuberant health which comes from a body strung to its full powers by continuous and severe exercise1 is not favorable to study4 ,the exercise such men need is the exercise that rests1 not that which tires4 ,they need to wash their brains with the fresh air of heaven1 to bring into gentle play the muscles that have been lying idle while the head worked4 ,nor is it only to this class of laboring humanity that the advice to take exercise needs reservations4 ,the time of violent delights soon passes1 and the effort to protract it beyond its natural span is as dangerous as it is ridiculous4 ,some men1 through nature or the accident of fortune1 will1 of course1 be able to keep touch of it longer than others2 but when once the touch has been lost1 the struggle to regain it can add but sorrow to the labor4 ,of this our doctor makes a cardinal point2 but1 pertinent as his warning may be to the old1 for whom1 indeed1 he has primarily compounded his elixir vitae1 it is yet more pertinent to men of middle age1 and probably it is more necessary4 ,it is in the latter period that most of the mischief is done4 ,the old are commonly resigned to their lot2 but few men will consent without a struggle to own that they are no longer young4 ,all things are not good to all men1 and all things are not always good to the same man4 ,the man who confines his studies within one unchanging groove will hardly find his intellectual condition so light and nimble1 so free of play1 so capable of giving and receiving1 as he who varies them according to his mood1 for the mind needs rest and recreation no less than the body2 it is not well to keep either always at high pressure4 ,one fixed1 unswerving system of diet1 without regard to needs and seasons1 or even to fancy1 is not wise4 ,the great secret of existence after all is to be the master and not the slave of both mind and body1 and that is best done by giving both free rein within certain limits1 which1 as the old sages were universally agreed1 each man must discover for himself4 ,happy are the words of ,addison1 and happily quoted3 ,a continual anxiety for life vitiates all the relishes of it1 and casts a gloom over the whole face of nature1 as it is impossible that we should take delight in anything that we are every moment afraid of losing4 ,one of the best methods of avoiding that pitiful anxiety is to learn within what limits we may safely indulge our desire for change1 and then freely indulge it within them4 ,,chapter ,,ii4 ,we shall now take up a practical list of subjects1 arranged in alphabetical order4 ,without any attempt at egotism1 we claim that there are few nontechnical books extant that contain a superior selection of preventatives and remedies4 ,read carefully and judge for yourself4 ,there are very few common or occasional afflictions which are not considered to some extent4 ,why always seek a doctor when you seem to be somewhat off your physical equilibrium8 ,you will generally at each visit spend more money than this book will cost4 ,learn to provide against constant medical attention4 ,accidents4--,in sudden emergencies1 either of accident or sickness1 the first great requisite is presence of mind4 ,be calm4 ,endeavor1 if possible1 to grasp the situation1 and do what is to be done promptly and quietly1 until the arrival of the physician4 ,all hurried and distracted motions1 and all exciting noises1 confuse the attendants and needlessly alarm the sufferer4 ,in many cases1 the course of immediate action is suggested by the circumstances2 but where you do not know what aid to render1 it is best to do nothing1 except to make the patient as comfortable1 for the time being1 as possible4 ,for all ordinary emergencies1 ample directions are3-- #a4 ,always look in the direction in which you are moving4 #b4 ,never leave a car1 or other public vehicle1 when it is in motion4 #c4 ,never put your head or arms out of a vehicle when it is in motion4 #d4 ,if a horse runs away with you1 remain in the vehicle rather than risk the danger of jumping from it4 #e4 ,in thunder-storms keep away from trees1 metallic substances1 doors1 and windows4 ,the lower part of a house is the safer4 #f4 ,never play with fire-arms4 ,always keep them beyond the reach of children4 #g4 ,avoid charcoal fumes2 they are deadly when confined in a close room4 #h4 ,illuminating gas2 be sure to turn it off4 ,never blow it out4 #i4 ,when gas can be smelt in an apartment always air the room well before striking a match or bringing a light4 #aj4 ,when very cold1 move quickly4 ,if any part of the body is frozen1 rub it with snow1 and keep from the fire4 #aa4 ,change wet clothing as soon as possible4 #ab4 ,carefully avoid exposure to night air1 in malarial districts4 #ac4 ,if necessary to go into an old vault or well1 first introduce a burning candle4 ,if the light burns low and finally goes out1 carbonic acid gas is present and the place is unsafe to enter4 ,unslaked lime will absorb the gas and purify the air4 #ad4 ,avoid walking on railroad tracks and icy sidewalks4 #ae4 ,when awake1 very young children should never be left alone4 #af4 ,do not go1 with loose hair or flowing garments1 near dangerous machinery4 #ag4 ,never touch gunpowder after dark4 #ah4 ,never fondle a strange dog4 #ai4 ,never light a fire with kerosene4 #bj4 ,fill and trim your lamps in the day-time4 ,never trim or fill a lighted lamp4 #ba4 ,keep matches in a closed metallic box4 #bb4 ,have your horses rough-shod as soon as the ground freezes4 #bc4 ,when feeling dizzy or seasick1 lie down4 #bd4 ,do not close the damper of your stove too early4 ,better waste coal than run the risk of suffocation by gas4 #be4 ,when climbing a ladder1 look up and not down4 #bf4 ,in railroad traveling take the center of the car1 and the middle car of the train1 for safety4 #bg4 ,eat only pure food1 drink only pure liquids1 think only pure thoughts1 and keep your blood pure4 #bh4 ,in going through dry woods or over prairies do not smoke or cast matches about carelessly4 ,there should be laws against this often wanton destruction of property4 #bi4 ,look out for spontaneous ignition of oily rags1 oil-painted canvas rolled up1 wet iron filings4 #cj4 ,in entering mines not used1 always try for gas before venturing into them4 #ca4 ,do not be careless in any way whatever in connection with fire4 ,the losses in the ,united ,states1 in #ahhi1 by fires as a result of carelessness amounted to nearly #ajj1jjj1jjj1 while in ,san ,francisco for the same year we find that fully #hj of the losses can be attributed to the same source4 ,alcohol4--,felix ,l4 ,oswald1 ,m4,d41 gives some very good ideas in ,good ,health on the alcoholic habit4 ',reform1' says an able political writer1 'is ever unpopular4 ,all wrongs lie in the consent of the wronged1 and what with the fierce support of those who thrive on the abuse1 and the dull1 heavy1 ignorant conservatism of the masses1 99 99 99 it is a sad delusion to suppose that the cause is won when the argument is made4' ,an unquestionable preponderance of power1 they argue1 favors the side of the liquor venders1 and in this world1 at least1 always finds a way to assert itself as right4 ,the last link of that syllogism1 however1 is a rule with occasional exceptions4 ,no unqualified evil has ever succeeded in maintaining its supremacy1 and the evils of the alcohol vice are offset by no benefits4 ,alcohol has been called 'negative food1' because its physiological influence torpifies the functional energy of the digestive organs1 and thus1 for a time1 renders the toper insensible to the cravings of hunger4 ,the same effect1 however1 can be produced by a stunning blow1 and we might as well claim that the interests of political economy could be promoted by a fierce war1 because a knock-down stroke with the butt-end of a musket is apt to lessen the appetite of the afflicted soldier4 ,no real benefit can result from the lethargizing effect of a poison dose1 the retardation of the digestive functions being in every case a morbid and abnormal process1 avenging its repetition by the fatty degeneration of the tissues and the impoverished condition of the blood4 99 99 99 ,during the horrible flood which a few months ago devastated the two richest provinces of the ,chinese ,empire1 a number of vile marauders eked out an existence by fishing out wreckage and plundering floating corpses4 ,the idea of mentioning the profits of these wretches as a compensating offset to the horrors of a public calamity would justly consign its propounder to the custody of a lunatic commission4 ,yet1 by an exactly analogous line of argument1 many of our political economists continue to defend the legal sanction of the liquor traffic4 ,nay1 it might be seriously questioned if the total loss 7by fire or water7 of a billion bushels of grain would not be financially and morally preferable to their conversion into a life-blighting poison4 ,according to the statistics of the ,treasury ,department1 the alcohol drinkers of the ,united ,states 7representing hardly one-fifth of the alcoholized nations of ,christendom7 spent during the last ten years a yearly average of #cgj1jjj1jjj for whisky1 #eh1jjj1jjj for other distilled liquors1 #ef1jjj1jjj for wine1 and #adj1jjj1jjj for ale and beer2 together1 #fbd1jjj1jjj a year4 ,that enormous sum has been far worse than wasted4 ,it has been invested in the purchase of disease4 ,it has been devoted to the development of idiocy1 crime1 and pauperism4 ,it has turned blessings into a concentration of curses4 ,the general recognition of these facts will seal the doom of the liquor traffic4 ,dr4 ,c4 ,e4 ,spitka expresses some results of science investigating strong drinks3-- ,alcoholism among the ancients was therefore mainly or exclusively known in its acute phases1 the drunken frenzy in which ,alexander the ,great killed ,clitus being a familiar example4 ,with the introduction of tobacco and playing cards1 the saloon1 the cellar-dive1 and the bar-room usurped the place formerly held by the inn4 ,the enlargement of cities deprived their inhabitants of rustic sports1 and led to their seeking in other and more dangerous channels an escape from mental and physical strain1 and a variation of routine monotony4 ,it is generally conceded by those medical writers who are unshackled by prejudice that a certain amount of alcohol can be ingested with perfect impunity4 ,that amount has been accurately determined by ,dujardin-,beaumetz in the course of experiments made in the abattoirs of ,paris4 ,transferring the result of his experiments to the human species1 he concluded that a man weighing #abj pounds could take the equivalent of two ounces of alcohol a day for years without injury to any organ of the body4 ,but when the amount taken daily exceeds the toleration-point1 prolonged abuse is followed by results which are as sinister as they are insidious4 ,in the dead-house of the ,philadelphia ,hospital1 ,formad found that1 of #bej chronic alcoholists1 nearly #ii per cent had fatty degeneration of the liver1 #fj per cent had congestion or a dropsical state of the brain1 the same proportion an inflamed or degenerated stomach1 while not quite #a per cent had normal kidneys4 ,of #ag children of drunken fathers observed by ,voisin1 #c were idiots1 #b confirmed epileptics1 #a suffered from a congenital spinal disease1 and the remainder died in early life with convulsions4 ,of #aa children similarly descended1 cited by ,dagonet1 #i died in the same way4 ,of #aag such births recorded in ,alsace-,lorraine1 #ac were still-born and #ci died of convulsive disorders shortly after birth4 ,one drunken father had #g still-born children in succession2 another lost #h of #ab by convulsions4 ,it is not alone as a direct result of inebriety that a defective nervous system is thus transmitted4 ,even in his sober intervals1 he whose nervous system has been shattered by alcohol is liable to have a degenerate or diseased offspring4 ,of #ah children recorded as born under these circumstances1 ,voisin found #h epileptic and #aj idiotic4 ,as if to prove beyond the possibility of a doubt that such degeneracy is due to the alcoholism of the parent1 and to that alone1 two ,french investigators1 ,mairet and ,combemale1 performed a series of experiments on dogs1 by which they showed that the same result which the chronic inebriate is accused of producing in his offspring1 through selfish indulgence1 can be produced at will in the offspring of lower animals by compulsory induction of the same vice in them4 ,an ,english investigation1 just completed1 puts in tangible form the effect of the use of alcohol1 from observations covering #d1bcd cases in all walks of life4 ,this report shows that1 with men over twenty-five1 the intemperate use of alcohol cuts off ten years from life1 those who never drink to excess1 or use no liquor1 living1 on the average1 ten years longer than those who do4 ,indulgence1 if carried to excess1 doubles diseases of the liver1 quadruples those of the kidneys1 and greatly increases the number of deaths from pneumonia1 pleurisy1 and epilepsy4 ,it is not often appreciated how many people die annually from the effects of strong drink4 ,dr4 ,norman ,kerr1 an eminent physician of ,england1 believing the statement of temperance people to be extravagant1 that #fj1jjj people die annually from the effects of strong drink1 began as early as #ahgj a personal inquiry1 in connection with several medical men and experts1 expecting to quickly disprove the same4 ,according to their deductions1 the latest estimates of deaths of adults annually caused through intemperance is1 in ,great ,britain1 #abj1jjj2 in ,france1 #adb1jjj2 in the ,united ,states1 #hj1jjj--or nearly a half million each year in three countries aggregating a population of #aab1jjj1jjj4 ,excessive ,beer ,drinking4--,in the earlier part of our work we endeavored to impress on our readers the necessity of regularity and the avoidance of excesses4 ,the last week of #ahhi in ,new ,york ,city saw two prominent brewers buried1 and two others of the guild were near death4 ,none of them were1 or are1 over forty-seven years old4 ,kidney and heart disease were the causes of death in the case of the first two4 ,similar ailments have marked the other two gentlemen for the grave4 ,the question arises1 ,was it beer or champagne that caused these diseases8 ,in this connection the statement a physician of ,bellevue ,hospital once made is not amiss4 ,these are his words3 ,the worst cases of alcoholic ailments coming under our observation are those resulting from excessive beer drinking4 ,in appearance the beer drinker may be the picture of health2 but in reality he is most incapable of resisting disease4 ,a slight injury1 a severe cold1 or a shock to the body or mind1 will commonly provoke acute disease1 ending fatally4 ,compared with other inebriates who use different kinds of alcohol1 he is more incurable and more generally diseased4 ,it is our observation that beer drinking in this country produces the very lowest kind of inebriety1 closely allied to criminal insanity4 ,the most dangerous class of ruffians in our large cities are beer drinkers4 ,intellectually1 a stupor amounting almost to paralysis arrests the reason1 changing all the higher faculties into a mere animalism1 sensual1 selfish1 sluggish1 varied only with paroxysms of anger1 senseless and brutal4 ,that men are the sex most addicted to stimulating but injurious habits is sadly growing less true1 and women are finding recourse too often to poisonous invigorators4 ,if one-half of what the doctors are saying all over the country is true1 there may soon be a greater need of a temperance reform among the women than there ever has been among the men4 ,strong drink1 however1 is not the monster by which the women may be enslaved1 but a strong and poisonous drug equally baneful in its effect4 ,this drug is antipyrine4 ,it is a white powder1 slightly bitter1 and soluble in water4 ,until about a year ago it was prescribed for fevers only1 but a ,french medical college recommended it for headaches and other pains and disorders1 and in this way it has gained its grasp on so many thoughtless and nervous women4 ,in ,chicago and many other places it is said that the habit is gaining with alarming rapidity1 for the women take it for every ill1 and cannot believe that its soothing effect can have any evil result until the habit is thoroughly fixed upon them4 ,it produces different results under different circumstances1 and1 like many other preparations1 varies according to the size of the dose4 ,in large doses it has been known to produce complete relaxation1 and at the same time a loss of reflex action1 and death4 ,in moderate or tonic doses it often produces convulsions4 ,its effect as a stimulant seems to be very much like that of quinine1 and the physicians say that they do not understand why it should get the hold on women that it does4 ,the latest female vice is intoxication by naphtha4 ,it is not drank4 ,the fumes of it are simply inhaled1 inducing1 so the inebriates say1 a particularly agreeable exhilaration4 ,remedies of ,alcoholism4--,without much doubt1 the best way to affect a cure is to regularly reduce one's amount of liquor each day until the system can do without it4 ,a systematic decrease can always be carried through if the will power will back it4 ,we add also some ideas that have been advanced by good judges3 ,to dispel as quickly as possible the effects of intoxicants1 one of the most effectual remedies is a small dose of sal volatile1 or volatile salts1 in a wine-glass of water--repeating the dose in half an hour4 ,a dish of cold broth may answer the same purpose4 ,the most speedy way1 however1 of effecting a cure1 is by taking an emetic1 following it with the sal volatile and water half an hour after4 ,the ,russian physician and publicist ,portugaloff declares that strychnine in subcutaneous injections is an immediate and infallible remedy for drunkenness4 ,the craving of the inebriate for drink is changed into positive aversion in a day1 and after a treatment of eight or ten days the patient may be discharged4 ,even should the appetite return months afterward1 the first attempt to resume drinking will produce such painful and nauseating sensations that the person will turn away from the liquor in disgust4 ,the strychnine is administered by dissolving one grain in two hundred drops of water1 and injecting five drops of the solution every twenty-four hours4 ,dr4 ,portugaloff recommends the establishment of inebriate dispensaries in connection with police stations4 ,appetite4--,happy is the man who always possesses a good appetite2 unhappy is he who does not have this precious boon4 ,the lack of it results largely from failure of exercise and the excessive use of condiments4 ,in the first place1 try to take an invigorating bath with a wet towel and rub hard4 ,if you cannot endure even that1 use a dry towel on the body until the friction brings the blood to the surface of the skin4 ,then give the mouth a careful cleansing by rinsing and tooth-brush4 ,when you sit at the table1 do so with a cheerful mood1 eat slowly1 partake sparingly of condiments1 using salt mostly1 and vinegar for an acid4 ,preface your meals with a walk long enough to get up a circulation1 if it is dinner or supper hour1 but do not tire yourself1 and be sure to rest the last fifteen minutes before eating4 ,asphyxiation4--,a practical man1 conversant with cases in which asphyxiation resulted from inhaling carbonic acid gas1 gives some valuable hints for their recovery by simple remedies always at hand4 ,fresh air to restore consciousness is the first important step4 ,then he gave apples1 apple juice1 or vinegar1 to neutralize the gas and remove it from the stomach by eructations4 ,eggs broken into vinegar mixed and swallowed made a very effective drink4 ,after removing the gas from the stomach1 the patient was further relieved by a cup of strong1 hot coffee1 which speedily restored him to normal vigor4 ,on two similar occasions1 where a physician was called1 he administered injections of carbonate of ammonia1 and the man was ill for eight or ten days from the effects of the medicine4 ,a little common sense is often better than physic4 ,bathing4--,we have already treated this subject to some extent1 but we recommend the careful reading of ,dr4 ,c4 ,h4 ,steele's ideas1 part of which we embody here2 also some other worthy opinions on this matter1 of great importance to health4 ,the use of water in the treatment of diseases dates back to remote antiquity4 ,savages resort to the surf and sweat-bath1 and ,hindoos and ,mohammedans bathe because their religion commands them to do so4 ,references to the bath may be found scattered throughout the literature of ,greece1 and in ,rome the magnificent buildings and lavish expenditure devoted to the public bath show it in the highest stage of perfection it has ever attained4 ,it is only within a few years past that the domestic bath has been accepted as a necessity4 ,no home in ,england is complete without a bath-room1 and no ,englishman deems himself well unless he bathes daily4 ,the speaker said that a thermometer1 whose use should be understood1 should be permanently attached to every bath-tub4 ,physiological ,action of the ,bath4--,in considering the physiological action of the bath1 it is first to be accepted that water of a temperature below that of the body abstracts heat from the skin1 which abstraction continues indefinitely1 only for a time checked by the renewed activity of the heat centers4 ,in a bath the temperature of which is from #ib degrees to #ie degrees1 the body may remain indefinitely without any loss or gain of temperature1 but after the bath a cooling takes place1 owing to increased perspirations4 ,if the water is between #gg degrees and #hf degrees1 there is1 after the first shock1 a positive rise in the temperature of the body4 ,sixty-five degrees1 and lower1 may be borne for a long time4 ,nature adapts herself to the cold bath by a rapid stimulation of heat production4 ,all the muscles1 nerves1 and organs of the body are brought into heightened activity1 and thus it is that to the healthy individual the cold bath is invigorating4 ,but nature has her limits1 and the bath must be discontinued while this tonic effect is felt1 for the heat centers become fatigued and give rise to a chill which may continue for days afterward4 ,the greatest agency in bathing is the stimulation of perspiration1 and this depends upon the relative dryness of the surrounding air4 ,thus1 in the dry vapor1 or ,turkish bath1 a person will easily endure #bfd degrees1 and lose four pounds per hour by perspiration4 ,it is this rapid evaporation from the skin that keeps the body cool4 ,a person may stand for some time in an oven1 beside a roasting rib of beef4 ,but in the steam or ,russian bath the perspiration is retarded1 and a temperature of #abj degrees is hardly bearable4 ,a temperature of #abd degrees may induce a rise in the temperature of the mouth to #ajd degrees or even #ajg degrees1 which is seldom reached in a raging fever4 ,hence1 there is an element of danger in the ,russian bath--a danger to sudden death similar to sunstroke4 ,this danger is much more pronounced in the hot-water bath when perspiration ceases altogether1 and the supply of heat from the interior to the skin is excessive4 ,the temperature of bathing water should not exceed #ajd degrees1 and this hot bath should not be endured more than fifteen minutes4 ,even then it is likely to be followed by depression and weakness4 ,the circulation being quickened1 the cold bath acts as a good blood purifier1 washing away the poisons of the body through the channels of the veins4 ,in case of persons troubled with an excess of fat1 the bath must be accompanied by massage1 banting1 and a liberal indulgence in outdoor exercise4 ,in the hot bath there is this same waste of tissue1 but no tonic effects1 and it is invariably accompanied with loss of energy and vitality4 ,but the action of the bath upon the skin is no less beneficial than upon the interior of the body4 ,it favors the excretory action of the skin1 thus purifying it4 ,the millions of dead scales1 kept to the skin by the clothing1 and the cementing effect of the oil1 are washed away1 thus relieving the skin1 which is the great sewerage system of the body4 ,the work of the lungs and kidneys is thus lessened1 and the danger of consumption and ,bright's disease1 which may be caused by uncleanness1 reduced4 ,effects of ,sea ,bathing4--,sea bathing is much more tonic than all other kinds1 and the reason is simple4 ,the salt has a slightly irritating effect on the skin1 which is very beneficial4 ,besides1 sea bathing is always accompanied by the best of exercise1 by relaxation and freedom from the ordinary cares of life1 by a change of climate and scene4 ,the beating of the waves against the body also has an exhilarating effect4 ,the bath in the sea should be taken about three hours after breakfast4 ,there are three stages experienced in the cold bath--first1 that of depression2 second1 the tonic stage2 and third1 the giving out of the heat-producing powers4 ,this is the same as the one stage of the hot bath1 and is always to be avoided as highly injurious4 ,nevertheless1 the hot bath has its value4 ,its power to cool the body is admitted1 and it is used with effect in cases inflammation induced by cold4 ,the cold foot-bath is recommended as a positive cure for cold feet4 ,the practice among modern women of taking hot baths is endangering the health of the race4 ,in a hot bath there is at first a feeling of oppression and violent throbbing of the head1 followed by prostration1 a highly feverish condition1 and a relaxation of the entire system4 ,in case of any organic disease of the heart or consumption1 this bath must be carefully shunned4 ,the hot bath belongs alone to the province of the physician4 ,the cold bath1 on the other hand1 aside from its tonic effects1 renders the body less sensitive to changes of temperature1 and in this climate is1 hence1 especially valuable as a protection against catching cold4 ,this bath is from #fh degrees to #ge degrees1 and should be taken in the morning before breakfast4 ,bleeding4--,a sudden and profuse flow of blood is cause for alarm4 ,first1 decide whether the blood comes from an artery or a vein4 ,if from a vein1 the blood is dark1 and oozes or flows evenly2 if from an artery1 it is bright red1 and spurts in jets4 ,in the former case1 the bleeding may generally be stopped by binding on a hard pad4 ,in case of a ruptured artery1 the flow of blood may be checked by tying a twisted handkerchief1 a cord1 or strap1 between the wound and the heart4 ,if the hand is cut1 raise the arm above the head and bind it tightly4 ,in wounds of the throat1 arm-pit1 or groin1 caused by cuts1 and in case of any deep wound1 thrust the thumb and finger into the bottom of the wound and pinch up the part from which the blood comes1 directing the pressure against the flow4 ,in cuts of the lips1 compress the lips between the thumb and finger nearer the angle of the mouth than the cut itself4 ,in scalp wounds1 make direct pressure against the bones of the skull with the fingers1 or1 better1 by means of a compress or bandage4 ,nosebleed4--,full-blooded persons who are afflicted with headache and dizziness are most subject to nosebleed4 ,in such cases1 the bleeding should be regarded as a relief to an overcharged system1 and should not be too suddenly stopped4 ,to stop the bleeding1 keep the patient's arms elevated1 apply cold water or ice to the base of the brain1 or inject vinegar or alum water up the nostrils with a syringe4 ,a thick piece of wrapping paper1 placed between the upper lip and gum1 and firmly pressed1 will usually arrest the flow4 ,it acts by compressing the arteries which supply the ,sneiderian membrane4 ,try plugging with cotton1 or a strip of soft muslin1 gently pushed up the nostrils1 thus causing the blood to clot about the plug4 ,if these remedies fail1 the case should have the attention of a physician4 ,brain ,worry4--,after a good spell of hard work1 the brain worker is often tormented by finding it difficult1 all at once1 to turn off the steam4 ,his work-day thoughts will intrude themselves in spite of every effort to keep them out4 ,thackeray generally succeeded in exorcising the creatures he had been calling into existence1 by the simple expedient of turning over the leaves of a dictionary4 ,a great lawyer was in the habit1 in similar circumstances1 of plunging into a cold bath1 and averred that a person never took out of cold water the same ideas that he took into it4 ,perhaps the best mental corrective of this condition is to employ the mind for a short time in a direction most contrasted to that in which it has been overworked4 ,during excessive labor of the brain1 there is an increased flow of blood to the working organ4 ,if this condition of distention is long continued1 the vessels are apt to lose the power of contracting when mental activity is diminished4 ,hence arises the impossibility of fulfilling the physical conditions of sleep1 the most important of which is the diminution of the flow of blood to the brain4 ,it is certain enough that the continued deprivation of any considerable part of the normal amount of sleep will be seriously detrimental to health4 ,dr4 ,hammond1 in his work on sleep1 mentions the case of a literary man in ,america who for nearly a year restricted his rest to four hours a day1 and frequently less4 ,at the end of that time1 the overtasking of his mental powers was manifested in a curious way4 ,he told the physician that1 though still able to maintain a connected line of reasoning1 he found that as soon as he attempted to record his ideas on paper1 the composition turned out to be simply a tissue of arrant nonsense4 ,when in the act of writing1 his thoughts flowed so rapidly that he was not conscious of the disconnected nature of what he was writing1 but as soon as he stopped to read it over1 he was aware how completely he had misrepresented his conceptions4 ,breathing4--,in each respiration an adult inhales one pint of air4 ,a man respires #af to #bj times a minute1 or #bj1jjj times a day2 a child1 #be to #ce times a minute4 ,while standing1 the adult respiration is #bb2 while lying1 #ac4 ,the superficial surface of the lungs1 i4 e41of their alveolar spaces1 is #bjj square yards4 ,the amount of air inspired in #bd hours is about #b1ejj gallons4 ,two-thirds of the oxygen absorbed in #bd hours is absorbed during the night hours1 from #f ,p4,m4 to #f ,a4,m4 ,three-fifths of the total carbonic acid is thrown off in the day-time4 ,the pulmonary surface gives off about #e fluidounces of water daily in the state of vapor4 ,the heart sends through the lungs #aib gallons of blood hourly1 or #d1fjh gallons daily4 ,the duration of inspiration is five-twelfths1 of expiration seven-twelfths1 of the whole respiratory act2 but during sleep1 inspiration occupies ten-twelfths of the respiratory period4 ,there are two good rules to follow given by ,william ,blaikie3-- #a4 ,to hold the body erect1 whether standing1 sitting1 or walking1 and breathe deeply4 ,this habit gives the lungs and digestive organs free play4 ,more oxygen is taken into the blood1 and the food is more readily digested and assimilated4 #b4 ,to fill the lungs full at frequent intervals1 holding the air in the chest as long as is comfortable4 ,this practice will soon improve a disturbed circulation4 ,bright's ,disease4--,bright's disease is a disorder of the kidneys which causes those organs to secrete albumen in the urine1 while they fail to extract from the blood the urea1 or effete matter1 which they should take up from that fluid4 ,urea in the blood operates as a poison1 and when accumulated in large quantities1 produces drowsiness1 convulsions1 and apoplexy4 ,intemperance is a fruitful source of ,bright's disease1 because excessive drinking tends peculiarly to the degeneration of the kidneys4 ,the best remedy we know1 or have ever seen tested1 is ,bethesda water1 from ,waukesha ,springs1 ,wis4 ,it should be natural1 without gas2 a quart per day will not be too much for an adult4 ,bruises4--,if the skin is not broken1 the best thing for a bruise1 or black and blue spot1 as they are often termed1 is a piece of pure copper4 ,it should be thin enough to shape with the fingers just the curvature or angle of the portion of the body bruised4 ,in applying it1 be very gentle at first1 for if it be a finger nail you desire to preserve1 on first application it will give you quite a severe shock1 but by relieving it every second or two1 inside of #e minutes the pain will cease1 and no black spot will follow4 ,if the skin be broken1 and the blood has ceased to flow1 and you desire to use this remedy1 first paste a piece of unprinted newspaper over the broken part1 and then proceed as above2 but in no case ever place a piece of copper on a broken part of the skin without the above precaution4 ,burns4--,a correspondent of the ,philadelphia ,record vouches for the wonderful efficacy of the common cat-tail as a remedy for burns4 ,he says3 ,take the down1 and with just enough lard to hold it together1 make a plaster and lay upon any burn1 and it soothes and heals so soon that it seems a miracle4 ,put upon a fresh burn1 and in less than half an hour the smart is gone2 if it is an old burn1 the healing will commence in twenty-four hours4 ',cat-tail' is also the ,indian remedy for scrofulous sores or ulcers4 ,age does not destroy its healing virtues4 ,it can be laid away and kept for years without losing any of its remedial properties4 ,burns should be bathed with alcohol or turpentine and afterwards with lime-water and sweet-oil1 but never with cold water4 ,soft soap or apple butter are equally excellent for burns4 ,cancer4--,it is well proved that cancer cannot be successfully removed by use of the knife4 ,surgeon ,john ,mc,farlane1 of ,glasgow1 mentions the cutting out of eighty-six cancers without effecting a single cure4 ,for those who are troubled we would say that there have been and there are remedies with permanent effects4 ,the writer knows of a female physician in this city who has been very successful in achieving lasting cures in numerous authenticated instances4 ,chewing ,gum and ,other ,substances4--,regular chewing outside of meal hours of any substance is injurious4 ,it unnecessarily excites the salivary glands1 the strength of which should be reserved for eating4 ,do not chew the ends of your finger nails4 ,little pieces of the nails may be swallowed1 which at some time--possibly quite remote--may cause you great pain1 and even death4 ,this has occurred4 ,it has also been found by opticians and doctors that hardly anything will affect the eyes harmfully quicker than gum-chewing4 ,cholera4--,dr4 ,gamaleia1 of ,odessa1 claims to have discovered a prophylactic against cholera1 and hopes to win the prize of #bj1jjj offered for such a cure4 ,he calls his specific ,chemical ,vaccine1 and has tried it efficaciously on apes1 guinea-pigs1 and pigeons4 ,this is obtained by the successive passages of cholera virus through the blood of animals4 ,after each of these passages1 the virus becomes stronger1 and is finally injected into the patient4 ,a cure which was very effective when the cholera struck ,america is called the ,sun ,cholera ,medicine4 ,it is also an excellent remedy for colic1 and diarrhea1 etc4 ,take equal parts of tincture of cayenne pepper1 tincture of opium1 tincture of rhubarb1 essence of peppermint1 and spirits of camphor4 ,mix well4 ,dose3 #ae to #cj drops in a little cold water1 according to age and violence of symptoms1 repeated every fifteen minutes or twenty1 until relief is obtained4 ,our own infallible remedy for cholera1 cholera morbus1 cramps1 colic1 and diarrhea1 is3-- ,tincture of opium1 #c drachms4 cayenne pepper1 #e drachms4 ginger1 #e drachms4 camphor1 #c drachms4 ,dose3 #a teaspoonful in a gill of cool water for an adult2 repeat with half a teaspoonful in #ae minutes if not relieved4 ,for a child #b years old #a_/d the above dose1 and in proportion up to an adult4 ,cleanliness4--,the ,english upper classes are clean1 but cleanliness of any high degree is a modern virtue among them4 ,it is an invention of the nineteenth century4 ,men and women born at the close of the eighteenth century did as ,french people do to-day2 they took a warm bath occasionally for cleanliness1 and they took shower-baths when they were prescribed by the physician for health1 and they bathed in summer seas for pleasure1 but they did not wash themselves all over every morning4 ,however1 the new custom took deep root in ,england1 because it became one of the signs of class4 ,it was adopted as one of the habits of a gentleman4 ,don't take your pocket-handkerchief to dust off your shoes and the next moment wipe your face and eyes with it2 don't carry your own sheets with you on a trip and then sit in the smoking-car for #bjj miles for enjoyment2 anything added to white castile soap as scenting matter is no improvement and in most cases is detrimental4 ,we have taken this subject up so carefully in bathing and in the first part that we will say no more here4 ,cold ,feet4--,the best prescription for cold or tired feet is to carefully envelop each toe and foot with blank newspaper before encasing the same with sock4 ,first have the feet perfectly dry and warm1 then they will remain so all day1 if properly protected with easy-fitting1 strong boots or shoes4 ,barbers do this to prevent their feet scalding and heating2 stage drivers use this method1 and hundreds attest its efficacy4 ,many people1 especially women and children1 suffer the whole winter through with cold feet4 ,this is mainly due to the fact that they wear their shoes too tight4 ,unless the toes have perfect freedom1 the blood cannot circulate properly4 ,people who wear rubbers the whole winter through1 generally suffer with their feet4 ,rubbers make them very tender by overheating and causing them to perspire4 ,they should be removed as soon as one enters the house4 ,they draw the feet1 keep them hot and wet with perspiration--then as soon as one goes again into the air the feet are chilled4 ,colds4--,don't have any fear of night air4 ,that is an unfounded superstition4 ,keep your windows open4 ,you will sleep better and the next day you will not catch cold4 ,take a good hot lemonade just before retiring2 in the morning1 immediately on getting out of bed1 take a cold bath and rub hard until you are in a perfect glow4 ,too much coddling is unquestionably one of the most common causes of catarrh4 ,one who is inured to hardships is able to endure exposure without injury1 while one unaccustomed to like experience quickly succumbs4 ,air-tight houses1 close and unventilated1 overheated rooms1 even the quantity of clothing required1 are active causes1 preventing development of hardihood4 ,as a result1 colds and catarrh are universal maladies among civilized people4 ,says a writer in ,woman's ,work3 ,without dwelling on the nature and causes of colds1 or on what physicians call the pathology of these disorders1 ,i will say that a low or even starvation diet for a few days1 with the free drinking of warm1 mildly stimulating teas1 is better for a cold than any drug or combination of drugs4 ,if with this a warm bath or a hot foot-bath is taken1 little more will be needed4 ,nine cases in ten of colds can be broken up in this early stage by a hot foot or rather leg-bath1 keeping the bath as hot as it can be borne1 until perspiration arises4 ,after the bath drink a half pint of hot lemonade and go to bed4 ,a ,good ,cough ,remedy4--,the following is from a doctor connected with an institution with many children3 ,there is nothing more irritable to a cough than a cough4 ,for some time ,i had been so fully assured of this that ,i determined1 for one minute at least1 to lessen the number of coughs heard in a certain ward in a hospital of the institution4 ,by the promise of rewards and punishments1 ,i succeeded in inducing them to simply hold their breath when tempted to cough1 and in a little while ,i was myself surprised to see how some of the children entirely recovered from their disease4 ,constant coughing is precisely like scratching a wound on the outside of the body4 ,so long as it is done the wound will not heal4 ,let a person when tempted to cough draw a long breath and hold it until it warms and soothes every air-cell1 and some benefit will soon be received from this process4 ,the nitrogen which is thus refined acts as an anodyne to the mucous membrane1 allaying the desire to cough and giving the throat and lungs a chance to heal4 ,at the same time a suitable medicine will aid nature in her effort to recuperate4 ,constipation4--,regularity in the hour of going to stool and the avoidance of highly-seasoned food are preventatives4 ,see constipation1 first part1 per index1 for a cure4 ,consumption4--,what ,changes has the ,acceptance of the ,germ ,theory made in ,measures for the ,prevention and ,treatment of ,consumption8 is the title of an essay by ,dr4 ,charles ,v4 ,chapin1 of ,providence1 to whom was awarded a premium of #bjj by the trustees of the ,fisk ,fund4 ,in this essay ,dr4 ,chapin has given an admirable r'esum'e of all that has been written about consumption from the time of ,hippocrates to the present day4 ,after a careful examination of the literature of the subject1 he thinks that we are justified in the conclusion that the acceptance of the germ theory has made no direct or important addition either to the hygiene or medicinal treatment of consumption4 ,he thinks1 however1 that it should have great influence4 ,it tells us plainly what we ought to do4 ,we simply do not obey its behests4 ,the germ theory--now no longer a theory in the case of tubercular consumption--tells us that we have to do with a contagious disease4 ,now there is no theoretical reason why a purely contagious disease like tuberculosis cannot be exterminated4 ,if we can prevent the spread of contagion at all1 we can prevent it entirely4 ,the enormous value of preventive measures1 isolation1 disinfection1 and quarantine1 is well illustrated in history of cholera1 typhus fever1 and yellow fever in the ,united ,states4 ,by keeping out the virus of these diseases1 or destroying it when it had gained access to our shores1 we have for a number of years been remarkably free from these diseases1 and it is certain that if these precautions had not been taken we should have suffered severely4 ,for obvious reasons1 the suppression of tuberculosis is not so easy a matter as the suppression of cholera or yellow fever4 ,neither is the suppression of scarlet fever or small-pox as easy4 ,yet whenever the public has been educated to a correct appreciation of the contagious nature of scarlet fever1 the number of cases has diminished very much4 ,even in small-pox1 with its virulent contagion1 it is possible1 by means of isolation and disinfection1 to check its spread even among an unvaccinated population1 as has been illustrated many times of late in the anti-vaccination city of ,leicester1 ,england4 ,we must now put tuberculosis among these diseases1 and1 though its theoretical suppression is simple its actual extermination is a very difficult problem4 ,it lies largely with the medical profession how long tubercular disease shall decimate the human race4 ,the physicians are the educators of the people in these matters4 ,when the doctor shall teach that tuberculosis is contagious1 the people will believe1 and will govern themselves accordingly4 ,in combating contagious diseases the preventive measures taken often give discouraging results4 ,this will be particularly so in tubercular disease4 ,half-way measures secure less than half-way results1 and these alienate the support of those who only indifferently believe in contagion and the importance of precautionary measures4 ,efficient means of suppression are radical1 and bear hard on the individual2 they are not complied with1 and they produce violent opposition4 ,yet1 difficult as it may be1 the medical profession should take aggressive action against this disease4 ,we have no right to wait for the discovery of a specific1 or the gradual evolution of a phthisis-proof race4 ,we must take the world as we find it1 full of men and women predisposed to tubercular phthisis1 and with no idea of its contagious nature4 ,what can we do about it8 #a4 ,teach the people the true nature of the tuberculosis1 that no one ever has tubercular consumption unless the tubercle bacilli find their way into their lungs4 #b4 ,teach them1 also1 that1 even if it finds its way there1 it will not grow unless the conditions are right4 ,teach fathers and mothers how to rear healthy boys and girls4 ,tell them what to eat and what to wear1 to exercise1 to breathe fresh air4 ,this alone would exterminate phthisis4 #c4 ,the contagion must be destroyed4 ,fortunately1 in this disease there is no need of isolation4 ,disinfection is enough4 ,the consumptive patient gives off the poison only in the sputum1 or perchance the other excreta1 if the disease extend beyond the lungs4 ,the virus is not given off from these while moist4 ,we must therefore disinfect all sputum at once with mercuric bi-chloride4 ,cloths must be used instead of handkerchiefs1 and then burned1 or1 if the latter are used1 they should be often changed1 and immediately put in a bi-chloride solution and boiled4 ,bed-linen should be treated in the same way4 ,frequent disinfection of the entire person1 and fumigation of the apartment1 would be safe additions to the preventive measures4 #d4 ,persons who have a marked predisposition to the disease had best not come in close contact with the phthisical4 ,children should never have tuberculous nurses1 wet or dry4 ,in the case of consumptives very great attention should be paid to ventilation1 and to the alimentation both of the patient and the attendants4 ,such measures1 if rigidly carried out1 would be of enormous service in preventing this disease4 ,but with the increasing prevalence of tuberculosis among domestic animals1 something more is imperatively demanded4 ,active measures should be taken to free the country from animal tuberculosis4 ,there are some ideas which it is well to observe3-- #a4 ,flies may carry the virus if they are allowed to frequent cuspidors into which consumptives have expectorated4 ,clean these out often4 ,do not permit the patient to spit into a handkerchief and then let it lie around to dry4 ,the dust arising may inoculate some person prone to consumption4 #b4 ,be careful about the meat you eat4 ,it can and does convey tuberculosis4 ,investigations have been made showing that as high as #ej of a herd to be slaughtered in ,new ,york ,city had tuberculosis4 ,milk may be also infected and often is4 #c4 ,have an abundance of flowers around4 ,they invariably are helpful4 #d4 ,constant and regular singing with proper care and not tiring is excellent for consumptive lungs1 which should be done in well-ventilated rooms4 #e4 ,be out in the open air as much as possible1 and breathe through the nose entirely4 ,continually exercise the lungs by drawing in long breaths4 #f4 ,if possible try fumes of hydrofluoric acid4 ,in glass factories if workmen are rendered consumptive by stooping over the grinding machinery1 they usually find great benefit by being allowed to work in the room with the glass etchers1 where so much hydrofluoric acid is employed4 #g4 ,buttermilk is well recommended4 #h4 ,consumptive and bronchial troubles in women are often due to irregularity of dress about the throat and lungs4 ,there is danger from wearing d'ecoll'ete costumes4 ,so regular have we been in our habits that the throwing off of a #a-oz4 neck-tie for half an hour in the open air will give us a cold with the thermometer at #gj ,fahr4 ,the ocean cure is well set forth in the following1 which represents the advantages of a long sea voyage3-- #a4 ,perfect rest and quiet1 and complete removal from and change of ordinary occupation and way of life2 a very thorough change of scene1 and perfect and enforced rest from both mental and physical labor4 #b4 ,the life in the open air and the great amount of sunshine to be enjoyed2 it is quite possible1 under favorable circumstances1 to pass fifteen hours daily in the open air2 and whenever it is possible the traveler by sea is certain to endeavor to escape from the close and sometimes unpleasant atmosphere of a small cabin1 into the pure air to be found on deck4 #c4 ,the great purity of the air at sea1 and its entire freedom from organic dust and other impurities4 ,in this respect it has an advantage over the air of an open country1 for the latter is apt to contain the pollen of grasses and other plants1 which1 in some persons1 excites hay fever and asthma4 ,the air of the cabins may1 of course1 be contaminated1 but the air of the open sea is probably the purest to be found anywhere4 #d4 ,the presence in the sea air of a large amount of ozone1 as well as particles of saline matter1 more particularly in stormy weather1 from the sea spray1 and these may exercise a beneficial effect in certain throat and pulmonary affections on the respiratory mucous membrane4 #e4 ,the great equability of the temperature at sea4 ,this refers chiefly to the daily variations1 which rarely exceed four or five degrees ,fahr4 ,it must be noted that in a long sea voyage very considerable variations of temperature are encountered1 and in a swift steamer the transitions are somewhat sudden4 #f4 ,the great humidity of the atmosphere and the high barometric pressure1 which are considered to exercise a useful sedative influence on certain constitutions4 ,it is said that the temperature of the body averages one degree ,fahr4 less on account of this sedative effect4 ,the exhilarating and tonic effect of rapid motion through the air2 for by the continuous progress of the ship the sea breezes are constantly blowing over it1 and the passengers are borne through the rapidly-moving air without any exertion of their own4 ,the influence of these currents of air on the surface of the body is1 no doubt1 important1 acting as a stimulant and a tonic1 increasing evaporation from the skin1 and imparting tone to the superficial blood-vessels4 ,we now give our own cure1 which we claim is of great value1 at least it is worth trying1 for it cured the author of consumption of twenty years' standing in one year4 ,this disease can be cured by cold packing the lungs and throat1 and following the rules in general for health stated in the first part of this work4 ,you must understand a cold compress or pack1 otherwise you are likely to increase the malady and hasten your death4 ,some persons cannot warm one ounce of cold water in twenty-four hours4 ,such we advise to go very slowly4 ,first adopt the formulae for cleanliness and regularity already given4 ,then when a little more blood is infused through the system and hence more heat exists1 commence the cold pack4 ,use simply a moistened cambric handkerchief1 placed upon the lungs2 envelop with at least two thicknesses of linen and one of flannel2 wrap up warm and go to bed4 ,do not attempt to cold pack any part of your body and then expose it to a moving atmosphere4 ,after one week you can increase the moisture of the pack at least #ej4 ,then add to the thickness and moisture #aj each week1 as long as you can succeed in warming it and causing it to sweat that portion of the body packed4 ,if you should wake up in the night and find the pack dry1 remove the portion previously moistened and retain only the dry covering1 viz41 the linen and flannel4 ,in the morning1 before arising1 thoroughly rub the lungs with a dry linen towel4 ,this1 then1 is all that is necessary to get rid of this incurable 787 disease1 if you will only follow the rules already given for health1 happiness1 and longevity4 ,convulsions1 ,fits4--,when a child has a convulsion1 or what is commonly called a fit1 attention should be given to the urinary secretion at once4 ,if there is suppression of urine1 the child should be put into a warm bath and made to sweat as speedily as possible4 ,in many cases in which children die from a succession of convulsions1 the real cause of death is suppression of urine 7a fact which is probably not so generally known as it should be71 so that the child really dies of poisoning through the retention of the urinary secretion4 ,when a child is subject to attacks of this character1 care should be taken to dress it warmly in flannels1 so as to keep up a degree of perspiration most of the time1 and hot baths should be administered frequently4 ,give a glass of ,bethesda water from three to four times a day1 and the disease will disappear4 ,corns and ,bunions are caused by tight1 ill-fitting boots and shoes4 ,the way of preventing them is1 therefore1 manifest4 ,thrusting the toe into a lemon1 to be kept on over night1 will make the removal of a corn easy4 ,two or three applications will suffice for the worst cases4 ,soft corns may be relieved by dissolving a piece of ammonia1 the size of three peas1 in an ounce of water1 and applying the solution as hot as can be borne4 ,it is beneficial to place blank newspaper between the toes4 ,that will keep them from scalding1 and hence softening1 so that corns will easily form4 ,we have already referred to this paper method for cold feet4 ,paper is a non-conductor and thus has the proper effect4 ,croup4--,the following prescription1 to be used as a gargle1 is not only excellent for croup1 but will absolutely keep anyone from choking to death from phlegm in the throat1 no matter what the cause1 so long as they have any portion of a lung left4 ,it consists of the yolks of two eggs thoroughly beaten1 in half a pint of good cider vinegar1 adding two tablespoonfuls of honey4 ,i have known two different patients1 given up by their physicians1 to rally in thirty minutes under the above treatment1 and finally get well4 ,diabetes4--,a prominent ,french physician advocates a coffee remedy4 ,after having continued to use the remedy for upward of a third of a century in many hundreds of cases1 he again appeals to the profession to give it a trial in those cases of liver and kidney troubles which have resisted all other treatment4 ,his habit is to place twenty-five grammes1 or about three drachms1 of the green berries 7he prefers a mixture of three parts of ,mocha with one part each of ,martinique and ,isle de ,bourbon coffee7 in a tumbler of cold water1 and let them infuse over night4 ,the infusion1 after straining or filtering1 is to be taken on an empty stomach the first thing after getting up in the morning4 ,he cites many cases of renal and hepatic colics1 diabetes1 migraine1 etc41 which1 although rebellious to all other treatments for years1 soon yielded to the green coffee infusion4 ,it is worth a trial at any rate4 ,bethesda water from the ,wakeshaw ,springs1 in ,wisconsin1 will cure three out of every five cases of diabetes and help the other two4 ,drink it as you would any good water4 ,diphtheria4--,diphtheria is a malignant and very infectious disease4 ,it may often be communicated by a kiss1 a touch of the hand1 or by drinking out of the same cup with the sick person4 ,the mildest case should be carefully isolated4 ,in the family this may sometimes be done by removing the patient to an upper room1 which can be well ventilated by means of windows and an open fire4 ,the contagion of diphtheria is not carried far by the atmosphere2 hence1 by strict attention to cleanliness and ventilation1 it may be quite possible to isolate a case even under the family roof4 ,the disease is characterized by soreness of the throat1 pain in swallowing1 apoplectic1 epileptic1 hysterical1 or the result of poisoning4 ,put a cork between the patient's teeth1 that the tongue may not be bitten4 ,loosen the clothing1 have plenty of fresh air1 and do not restrain the movements of the patient1 except to prevent injury or bruising4 ,rub the temples with cologne or spirits1 and1 as soon as the patient can swallow1 give a little cold brandy and water4 ,dr4 ,w4 ,a4 ,scott1 of ,iowa1 where1 in the latter part of #ahhi1 diphtheria raged1 found a valuable and effective remedy for this dread disease4 ,the recipe can be filled at any drug store1 and used by any person without danger3-- ,take ten grains of permanganate of potassium and mix with one ounce of cold water4 ,as soon as dissolved1 it must be applied with a rag or sponge mop or swab to the whitish places in the tonsils1 and other parts that have the diphtheria membrane on them4 ,do this very gently1 but thoroughly1 every three hours until better2 then every six hours until well4 ,it does not give pain1 but is rather nauseous to the taste4 ,if the tongue is coated white1 mix one drachm of hyposulphite of soda and five drops oil of sassafras in four ounces of syrup made of sugar and hot water1 and give a teaspoonful every #a to #c hours1 as needed1 when awake4 ,if the tongue is not coated white1 ,i mix #bj drops of tincture of phytolacca in four ounces of cold water and give a teaspoonful every #a to #c hours1 as needed1 when awake4 7,the phytolacca is the common poke-root of the ,south1 and as it loses its strength by drying and age1 the tincture should be from the fresh root1 or it is worthless47 ,it is well to apply a little sweet-oil or cosmoline to the outside of the throat to protect from the action of the air1 as the patient must be protected from all danger of getting chilled4 ,in the beginning of the disease1 in mild cases1 the above solution of permanganate of potassium is all ,i use1 and all that is needed1 as the disease is local at first1 but rapidly affects the whole system when seated4 ,in the stinking form of diphtheria this solution soon destroys all smell1 and in every case destroys the diphtheria membrane without leaving any bad effect4 ,m4 ,roulin1 of ,france1 has successfully treated #bb cases of diphtheria with carbolic acid as an antiseptic4 ,nasal douches1 consisting of three teaspoonfuls of the crude acid in a quart of water1 were employed every hour by means of the ordinary irrigator4 ,tonics were given internally4 ,dr4 ,deriker1 of ,st4 ,petersburg1 who is the head physician of the ,children's ,hospital1 and has treated no less than #b1jjj cases of diphtheria1 and tried all remedies1 both internal and external1 has found the following a certain cure for the disease3 ,as soon as the white spots appear on the tonsils he gives a laxative1 usually senna tea4 ,when the purgative effect has ceased1 he gives cold drinks acidulated with lemons1 limes1 or hydrochloric acid1 and every two hours a gargle composed of lime-water and milk4 ,hot milk was also given as a drink1 and the throat well rubbed with spirits of turpentine4 ,the ,academy of ,medicine in ,france offered a large sum of money for a successful cure for diphtheria1 and this is said to have been it4 ,equal parts of liquid tar and turpentine are put in an iron pan and burned in the patient's room4 ,the dense resinous smoke gives immediate relief4 ,the fibrinous matter soon becomes detached and is coughed up4 ,clothing4--,there are some very important principles in regard to dress3-- #a4 ,if you desire health1 do not wear a belt4 #b4 ,avoid tight lacing4 ,some of the most beautiful women1 including actresses1 are giving up this injurious practice4 #c4 ,do not wear1 especially in summer1 the constant black1 even if in mourning4 ,if you do someone may be mourning you too4 #d4 ,use woolens almost entirely for clothing--always for under-clothing4 #e4 ,have shoes that fit and give the feet an abundance of room1 and not high heeled1 but thick soled4 #f4 ,wear sufficiently heavy woolen under-garments so that you will not be obliged to resort continually to overcoats4 #g4 ,in summer1 use light outer garments--white flannels and cheviots are excellent4 ,the ,most ,important ,function of ,under-garments4--,it is a great mistake to suppose that the material of which a garment is made is the most important consideration in selecting warm under-clothing4 ,the way in which the fabric is prepared and manufactured is of more vital importance as regards heat or coldness of the body than the actual material4 ,a light garment with large meshes is more effective against cold than a close1 heavy one4 ,whatever an under-vest may be made of1 its real value as a protector from cold depends upon its ability to inclose within its meshes a certain quantity of air4 ,this is indeed the most important function of under-garments1 viz41 to encircle the whole body with an envelope of warm air1 and a vestment that does not keep a continual layer of warm air next to the skin is of very little use4 ,we advise the discarding of cotton shirts altogether and wearing only those of flannel4 ,the best material for an under-vest1 where the shirt worn is flannel1 is silk1 but by reason of high cost it is within the reach of a comparatively few only4 ,hence woolen under-vests must be selected4 ,they should be large and never tight-fitting1 for there must be room for the air to circulate freely beneath them4 ,good taste suggests that the outside shirt be of white flannel1 and that also must be large4 ,nearly all those which are on sale in stores have collars1 but for a small sum added to the price the dealer will make the necessary changes so that a linen collar may be worn4 ,with such under-clothing a man is very well protected against sudden changes of weather1 and is much less liable to take cold than he would be with a cotton shirt on4 ,now1 as to chest protectors4 ,if a man is subject to colds during the winter he should wear a chest-protector4 ,in order for him to get the full benefit of it it should fit him quite snugly at the neck and extend front and back to the belt4 ,dressed in flannels1 as we have recommended1 with his chest well covered by a protector1 he will be as well fortified against cold as under-clothing of a healthful sort can make him4 ,dropsy4--,it is not generally known that the silk on an ear of green corn is a powerful and efficient remedy for dropsy1 for bladder troubles and diseases of the kidneys4 ,in the ,louisville ,medical ,news we find an account of the medical properties of corn-silk and the cures that have been effected by its use4 ,the way to use it is to take two double-handfuls of fresh corn-silk and boil in two gallons of water until but a gallon remains4 ,add sugar to make a syrup4 ,drink a tumblerful of this thrice daily1 and it will relieve dropsy by increasing the flow of urine4 ,other diseases of the bladder and kidneys are benefited by the remedy1 which is prompt1 efficient1 and grateful to the stomach4 ,the treatment can be continued for months without danger or inconvenience4 ,bethesda water is just as good1 but both together are better4 ,dyspepsia4--,this trouble is often the result of decomposition of the food before it is digested4 ,unless this is remedied death will ultimately follow4 ,a good remedy is this3 ,thoroughly brown some whole grain wheat1 grind it in an ordinary clean coffee-mill2 eat of nothing else for the two last meals of the day2 carefully masticate it and eat sparingly for a few days1 after that ad libitum2 in ten days you will be well1 if all other suggestions regarding cleanliness are followed4 ,ears4--,sapolini of ,milan has described a method of his which he states has been successfully employed in #fb cases of deafness of old age4 ,it consists in mopping the membrana tympani with a weak oleaginous solution of phosphorus4 ,he claims that the treatment diminishes the opacity of the membrane1 increases the circulation1 and improves the hearing4 ,a writer in a medical journal says3 ,beware of too much quinine4 ,it will produce a congestion of the ear and irritation of the auditory nerve4 ,the common habit of taking quinine for neuralgia and other ailments without consulting a doctor is altogether reprehensible1 and may lead to very serious results4 ,many cases of deafness are produced by overdoses and long-continued use of this drug4 ,aprysexie is the name ,dr4 ,guye1 of ,amsterdam1 chooses for inattentiveness1 and he quite singularly finds that the nose is a cause of it4 ,a dull boy became quick to learn after certain tumors had been taken from the nose1 and a man who had been troubled with vertigo and buzzing in the ears for twelve years found mental labor easy after a like operation4 ,in a third case a medical student was similarly relieved4 ,dr4 ,guye supposes that these nasal troubles affect the brain by preventing the cerebral lymph from circulating freely4 ,elixir ,brown-,sequard4--,the way ,brown-,sequard uses this medicine is entirely successful4 ,do not think because others have failed that the principle is wrong4 ,most experimenters1 first1 are not careful in getting perfectly healthy specimens of animals from whose vitals the elixir is made1 while1 secondly1 they expose the liquid and allow it to become filled or impregnated with microbes and various foreign elements4 ,the process of administration is thus described3-- ,the syringe punctures the cuticle1 or scarf-skin1 and the cutis1 or true skin1 and then enters the subcutaneous or cellular tissue which covers the muscles1 or flesh4 ,through all the tissues of the body run the lymphatics1 which convey the injected matter to the lymph channels1 these in turn to the veins1 and thence throughout the system4 ,a half ounce of the fluid will be distributed in from one to three hours4 ,sometimes the subject might feel the stimulus very quickly1 and in some cases hours might elapse before any effect was felt4 ,the human system is able to absorb almost an unlimited amount of this liquid1 if administered properly and if pure4 ,epidemics4--,the history of severe plagues is remarkable4 ,the first great pestilence in a comparatively civilized nation was the one at ,athens about #djj ,b4 ,c4 ,on account of being shut up by the ,spartans in their crowded city the ,athenians had this terrible experience4 ,it carried off thousands--nearly two-thirds of the population4 ,in the reign of the ,emperor ,justinian no less than #ajj1jjj1jjj inhabitants died in thirty years from a pestilence that swept from ,persia to ,gaul4 ,later1 in the fourteenth century1 the plague of beautiful ,florence in ,italy killed #hj1jjj people in six months4 ,in #affe-ff ,london was a vast pest-house and during ,september of #afff the weekly death rate reached the number of #h1jjj4 ,in ,america the sunny ,south has witnessed the blasting effects of yellow fever during the last fifteen years4 ,in #ahgh1 ,florida had #b1fdi deaths1 and ,new ,orleans #c1igg from yellow fever4 ,fully #cc of those attacked succumbed4 ,in the same year #d1bjj people died of it at ,memphis4 ,the last important run of this epidemic was in #ahhh1 at ,jacksonville and ,decatur4 ,there the deaths averaged #aj of those attacked4 ,the duration of the infection stages of various diseases is thus given by ,dr4 ,t4 ,f4 ,pearse1 an ,english physician3 ,measles1 from the #b;d day of the disease for #c weeks2 small-pox1 from the #ast day for #d weeks2 scarlet fever1 from the #dth day for #g weeks2 mumps1 from the #b;d day for #c weeks2 diphtheria1 from the #ast day for #c weeks4 ,the incubation periods1 or intervals occurring between exposure to infection and the first symptoms1 are as follows3 ,whooping-cough1 #ad days2 mumps1 #ah days2 measles1 #aj days2 small-pox1 #ab days2 scarlet fever1 #c days2 diphtheria1 #ad days4 ,scarlet fever is at its minimum from ,january to ,may1 and at its maximum in ,october and ,november4 ,diphtheria is more evenly distributed through the year1 and is most dangerous a little later than scarlet fever4 ,measles and whooping-cough seem to be somewhat aggravated by cold weather1 but are most fatal in ,may and ,june4 ,hot weather is adverse to small-pox1 and favorable to disorders of the bowels1 particularly in children4 ,,the ,,difference ,,between ,,measles ,,and ,,small-,,pox4--,at the outset of a popular eruption it is often difficult to decide whether the case is one of measles or of small-pox4 ,m4 ,grisol's method of diagnosis is as follows 7,medical ,times73 ,if1 upon stretching a portion of the skin1 the papule becomes impalpable to the touch1 the eruption is caused by measles2 if1 on the contrary1 the papule is still felt when the skin is drawn out1 the eruption is the result of small-pox4 ,erysipelas4--,it has long been known that an attack of erysipelas exerts a remarkable influence upon other diseases1 and the attempt has been made to cure more serious maladies by deliberately inoculating the patient with the virus of erysipelas4 ,in a recent case in ,norway1 the growth of a cancer was greatly retarded by this means1 and life was probably prolonged a few weeks or even months1 though no cure was effected4 ,exercise4--,ben4 ,hogan1 the reformed pugilist1 has advanced some practical ideas3-- ,in every city there are thousands of rich men and women who are ready to commit suicide because of ill-health4 ',what is wealth without health8' they say4 ',nothing1' ,i should say2 but ,i do say that1 while every man cannot amass wealth1 every man can secure good health4 ,i know a man who owns a fine horse4 ,he employs two men to take care of that horse and keep him in condition4 ,he is exercised1 sponged1 and blanketed daily4 ,does the owner himself have a man to take care of him8--,no4 ,he possibly bathes once a week4 ,he arises at #h o'clock in the morning1 throws his breakfast down without masticating it1 and madly rushes off to his business4 ,at noon he rushes into a restaurant and eats his dinner in five minutes4 ,on he goes1 hiring men to look after the health of his horse1 but never stops to think of his own body and its needs4 ,a man cannot digest his food unless he eats carefully4 ,a meal should never be eaten in less than one hour4 ,gladstone says he bites each piece of meat he puts into his mouth twenty times before he swallows it1 and that isn't too often4 ,the men of to-day who throw their food into their stomach are physical wrecks in fifteen years4 ,the ,american doctor studies medicine when he should study nature2 instead of trying to prevent disease1 they try to cure4 ,there are many people who do not take a bath in two years and they prematurely die from poisoning4 ,the poison that accumulates under the first layer of skin breeds disease and sooner or later must come death4 ,there are thousands of people dying of consumption who haven't sense enough to know that they can throw it off4 ,no man who is lazy can become healthy1 for the best way to bring health is by physical development4 ,i have seen thousands of young men apparently on the verge of the grave grow strong by following this daily routine3 ,when you get up in the morning rub yourself with a rough towel until the blood is in circulation1 and then take a cold bath4 ,never take a cold bath without getting the blood in circulation1 for it is dangerous4 ,after the bath rub the flesh for three-quarters of an hour4 ,then take a cup of tea and eat some toast1 and start out for a half hour's walk4 ,don't plod slowly along the streets1 but walk as rapidly as your legs will carry you4 ,when you return you are ready for breakfast4 ,eat rice1 mutton chops1 and toast1 and drink tea4 ,if you are a business man you are ready for business1 but if you are training for an athlete you will again start upon the walk and keep it up all day4 ,a man under training is required to walk at least forty miles every day4 ,when he returns from his walk he is put under blankets until he has cooled1 and then again put in the bath-tub4 ,he is taken out and rubbed or manipulated4 ,then he is ready for dinner4 ,the athlete or pugilist would be required to eat raw ham or raw steak without salt or pepper4 ,pugilists are not allowed to use pepper1 because it heats the blood4 ,for men who are not undergoing training for pugilists ,i would advise a dinner on rare beef1 rice1 and other vegetables cooked dry4 ,eyes4--,a writer in ,cassell's ,magazine gives the following rules for the use and care of the eyes3-- #a4 ,sit erect in your chair when reading1 and as erect when writing as possible4 ,if you bend downward you not only gorge the eyes with blood1 but the brain as well1 and both suffer4 ,the same rule should apply to the use of the microscope4 ,get one that will enable you to look at things horizontally1 not always vertically4 #b4 ,have a reading-lamp for night use4 ,n4 ,b4--,in reading the light should be on the book or paper and the eyes in the shade4 ,if you have no reading-lamp1 turn your back to the light and you may read without danger to your eyes4 #c4 ,hold the book at your focus2 if that begins to get far away use spectacles4 #d4 ,avoid reading by the flickering light of the fire4 #e4 ,avoid straining the eyes by reading in the gloaming4 #f4 ,reading in bed is injurious as a rule4 ,it must be admitted1 however1 that in cases of sleeplessness1 when the mind is inclined to ramble over a thousand thoughts a minute1 reading steadies the thoughts and conduces to sleep4 #g4 ,do not read much in a railway carriage4 ,i myself always do1 however1 only in a good light1 and ,i invariably carry a good reading-lamp to hang on behind me4 ,thousands of people would travel by night rather than by day if the companies could only see their way to the exclusive use of the electric light4 #h4 ,authors should have black-ruled paper instead of blue1 and should never strain the eyes by reading too fine types4 #i4 ,the bedroom blinds should be red or gray1 and the head of the bed should be toward the window4 #aj4 ,those ladies who not only write but sew should not attempt the black seam by night4 #aa4 ,when you come to an age that suggests the wearing of spectacles1 let no false modesty prevent you from getting a pair4 ,if you have only one eye1 an eye-glass will do2 otherwise it is folly4 #ab4 ,go to the wisest and best optician you know of and state your wants and your case plainly1 and be assured you will be properly fitted4 #ac4 ,remember that bad spectacles are most injurious to the eyes1 and that good and well-chosen ones are a decided luxury4 #ad4 ,get a pair for reading with1 and if necessary a long-distance pair for use outdoors4 ,further rules are3-- ,avoid all sudden changes between light and darkness4 ,never begin to read1 write1 or sew for several minutes after coming from darkness to a bright light4 ,never read by twilight or moonlight1 or on dark1 cloudy days4 ,when reading1 it is best to let the light fall from above obliquely over the left shoulder4 ,do not use the eye-sight by light so scant that it requires an effort to discriminate4 ,the moment you are instinctively prompted to rub your eyes that moment stop using them4 ,if the eyelids are glued together on waking up do not forcibly open them1 but apply saliva with the finger4 ,it is the speediest diluent in the world2 then wash your eyes and face in warm water4 ,in the selection of books or pamphlets see that the paper is of a slight orange tint2 this shade is the most pleasant for the eye to look upon4 ,the following is recommended as an efficient means of removing particles from the eye3 ,make a loop by doubling a horse hair2 raise the lid of the eye in which is the foreign particle2 slip the loop over it1 and placing the lid in contact with the eyeball1 withdraw the loop1 and the particle will be drawn out with it4 ,an old locomotive engineer gives the following as an infallible method to eradicate any foreign substance from the eye1 viz41 close the eyes1 and rub gently from right to left with a circular motion the well eye4 ,food4--,of all the fruits we are blest with1 the peach is the most digestible4 ,there is nothing more palatable1 wholesome1 and medicinal than good1 ripe peaches4 ,they should be ripe but not overripe and half rotten2 and of this kind they may make a part of either meal1 or be eaten between meals2 but it is better to make them a part of the regular meals1 says ,hall's ,journal of ,health1 a medical authority4 ,it is a mistaken idea that no fruit should be eaten at breakfast4 ,it would be far better if our people would eat less bacon and grease at breakfast and more fruit4 ,in the morning there is an arid state of the secretions1 and nothing is so well calculated to correct this as cooling1 subacid fruits1 such as peaches1 apples1 etc4 ,the apple is one of the best of fruits4 ,baked or stewed apples will generally agree with the most delicate stomach1 and are an excellent medicine in many cases of sickness4 ,green or half-ripe apples stewed and sweetened are pleasant to the taste1 cooling1 nourishing1 and laxative1 far superior1 in many cases1 to the abominable doses of salts and oil usually given in fever and other diseases4 ,raw apples and dried apples stewed are better for constipation than liver pills4 ,oranges are very acceptable to most stomachs1 having all the advantages of the acid alluded to2 but the orange juice alone should be taken1 rejecting the pulp4 ,the same may be said of lemonade1 pomegranates1 and all that class4 ,lemonade is the best drink in fevers1 and when thickened with sugar is better than syrup of squills and other nauseants in many cases of cough4 ,tomatoes act on the liver and bowels1 and are much more pleasant and safe than blue mass and liver regulators4 ,the juice should be used alone1 rejecting the skins4 ,the small-seeded fruits1 such as blackberries1 figs1 raspberries1 currants1 and strawberries1 may be classed among the best foods and medicines4 ,the sugar in them is nutritious1 the acid is cooling and purifying1 and the seeds are laxative4 ,we would be much the gainers if we would look more to our orchards and gardens for our medicines and less to our drug stores4 ,to cure fever or act on the kidneys no febrifuge or diuretic is superior to water-melon1 which may1 with very few exceptions1 be taken in sickness and health in almost unlimited quantities1 not only without injury but with positive benefit4 ,but in using them the water or juice should be taken1 excluding the pulp1 and the melon should be ripe and fresh1 but not overripe and stale4 ,while1 undeniably1 a mixed diet is the best for man1 there is a mistaken notion1 which prevails to a great extent1 that meat should largely enter into the same4 ,as a consequence1 much more is eaten than is needed or can properly be disposed of in the system4 ,never eat meat oftener than once a day1 and very sparingly in summer4 ,men of sedentary habits might with safety for several days at a time during that season live on vegetables1 fruits1 milk1 breadstuffs1 and foods of like character1 which are easy of digestion4 ,for those who have good reason to believe that their kidneys are weak1 a diet largely made up of meat is ill-advised4 ,those organs are intimately concerned in its disposal in the system1 and hence are overtasked if it is taken in too great a quantity4 ,reasons ,why a ,strictly ,vegetable ,diet ,is to ,be ,preferred to ,animal ,food4--,the food which is most enjoyed1 says a writer in ,longman's ,magazine1 is the food we call bread and fruit4 ,in my long medical career1 ,i have rarely known an instance in which a child has not preferred fruit to animal food4 ,i have been many times called upon to treat children for stomachic disorders induced by pressing upon them animal to the exclusion of fruit diet1 and have seen the best results occur from the practice of reverting to the use of fruit in the dietary4 ,i say it without the least prejudice1 as a lesson learned from simple experience1 that the most natural diet for the young1 after the natural milk diet1 is fruit and whole-meal bread1 with milk and water for drink4 ,the desire for this same mode of sustenance is often continued into after years1 as if the resort to flesh were a forced and artificial feeding1 which required long and persistent habit to establish as a permanency as a part of the system of every-day life4 ,how strongly this preference taste for fruit over animal food prevails is shown by the simple fact of the retention of those foods in the mouth4 ,fruit is retained1 to be tasted and relished4 ,animal food1 to use a common phrase1 is bolted4 ,there is a natural desire to retain the delicious fruit for full mastication2 there is no such desire1 except in the trained gormand1 for the retention of animal substance4 ,one further fact which ,i have observed--and that too often to discard it--as a fact of great moment1 is that when a person of mature years has for a time given up voluntarily the use of animal food in favor of vegetable1 the sense of repugnance to animal food is soon so markedly developed that a return to it is overcome with the utmost difficulty4 ,neither is this a mere fancy or fad peculiar to sensitive men or oversentimental women4 ,i have been surprised to see it manifested in men who are the very reverse of sentimental1 and who were1 in fact1 quite ashamed to admit themselves guilty of any such weakness4 ,i have heard those who have gone over from a mixed diet of animal and vegetable food to a poor vegetable diet speak of feeling low under the new system1 and declare that they must needs give it up in consequence2 but ,i have found even these 7without exception7 declare that they infinitely preferred the simpler1 purer1 and1 as it seemed to them1 more natural food plucked from the prime source of food1 untainted by its passage through another animal body4 ,there are thirty vegetarian restaurants in ,london1 and a vegetarian hotel is the latest move in the right direction4 ,the time required to digest different kinds of food3-- ,hours4 ,roasted pork #e4ae ,salt beef 7boil'd7 #d4ae ,veal 7boiled7 #d4jj ,boiled hens #d4jj ,roasted mutton #c4ae ,boiled beef #c4cj ,roasted beef #c4jj ,raw oysters #b4de ,roasted turkey #b4cj ,boiled milk #b4jj ,boiled codfish #b4jj ,venison steak #a4ce ,trout 7broiled7 #a4cj ,tripe #a4jj ,pig's feet #a4jj ,eggs 7hard boil'd7 #c4cj to #e4cj ,eggs 7soft boil'd7 #c4jj ,the above is taken from ,beaumont's ,experiments on ,digestion4 ,dalton comments on these observations as follows3 ,these results would not always be precisely the same for different persons1 since there are variations in this respect according to age and temperament4 ,thus1 in most instances1 mutton would probably be equally digestible with beef1 or perhaps more so2 and milk1 which in some persons is easily digested1 in others is disposed of with considerable difficulty4 ,but as a general rule1 the comparative digestibility of different substances is no doubt correctly expressed by the above list4 ,to ,ascertain ,pure ,milk4--,take an extra quart of milk any day from your milkman and put it in a glass jar1 an ordinary fruit-jar will do2 set it away and await results4 ,the proportion of cream on top shows the richness of the milk4 ,let it alone until it turns to clabber1 and if there is any water in it1 it will appear between the cream and the clabber4 ,after fermentation sets in1 the water will sink to the bottom4 ,if there has been no water put into the milk1 none will show4 ,by trying milk from different milkmen1 you can readily see which is the best4 ,we will add under food that eggs should be kept in oak or porcelain receptacles1 not in pine boxes1 as they partake of the odor of the pine4 ,freckles4--,a young lady of ,st4 ,louis says3 ,i accidentally discovered a sovereign remedy a couple of years ago1 which costs next to nothing4 ,one day the plumber shut our water off1 and ,i could get none in which to wash my face4 ,i was fearfully soiled1 and1 looking out of the window just then1 ,i saw a friend approaching to call on me4 ,glancing about me1 ,i noticed half a water-melon from which the meat had been removed some time before4 ,it was partly filled with juice1 and ,i hastily washed my face in it4 ,the result was so soothing that ,i repeatedly washed my face in that manner4 ,judge of my astonishment a few days later on seeing that there was not a freckle left on my face4 ,gargle4--,an excellent gargle for general use is3-- ,chloras ,potass41 #c ounces4 ,tannin1 #b drachms4 ,dissolve one teaspoonful in half a pint of water1 which will keep for several days4 ,for bronchial trouble or bleeding at the lungs1 gargle the throat often2 but for general cleanliness1 gargle a little every morning2 for catarrh1 not only gargle but snuff some up the nose4 ,hair4--,to prevent hair from falling out1 headache1 neuralgia1 brain fever1 etc41 the hair should be worn comparatively short by both sexes1 washed and dried every day4 ,to preserve the hair this is a good recipe3 ,take a teaspoonful of dried sage2 boil it in a quart of water for twenty minutes4 ,strain it off and add a piece of borax the size of an ,english walnut2 pulverize the borax4 ,put the sage tea1 when cold1 into a quart bottle2 add the borax2 shake well together and put in a cool place4 ,brush the hair thoroughly and rub and wash well on the head with the hand2 then1 after a good hard rubbing1 brush the hair well before a fire1 so that it will become perfectly dry4 ,never use a fine-tooth comb1 as it irritates the skin1 and consequently inflames the roots of the hair4 ,headache4--,the causes are3 ,overstudy1 overwork in-doors1 neglect of the bath1 want of fresh air in bedrooms1 nervousness1 however induced2 want of abundant skin-exciting exercise1 the excitement inseparable from a fashionable life1 neglect of the ordinary rules that conduce to health1 overindulgence in food1 especially of a stimulating character1 weakness or debility of body1 however produced 7this can only be remedied by proper nutriment71 work or study in-doors1 carried on in an unnatural or cramped position of the body4 ,literary men and women ought to do most of their work at a standing desk1 lying down now and then to ease the brain and heart1 and permit ideas to flow4 ,they should work out-of-doors in fine weather--with their feet resting on a board1 not on the earth--and under canvas in wet weather4 ,it is surprising the good this simple advice1 if followed1 can effect4 ,health ,beverages4--,lemons make the best beverage4 ,they are very healthy and good1 not only for allaying the thirst1 but will cure a multitude of disorders4 ,the juice of the lemon contains citric acid4 ,acids1 as a rule1 decrease the acid secretion of the body and increase the alkaline4 ,citric acid1 which is the acid of lemons and oranges1 for instance1 will diminish the secretions of gastric juice1 but increases very materially the secretion of saliva4 ,the very thought of a lemon is sufficient to make the mouth water4 ,thirst in fevers is not always due to lack of water in the blood4 ,it may be due in part to a lack of the secretion of the saliva4 ,when the mouth is parched and dry1 the acid will increase the saliva4 ,when acid is given for the relief of dyspepsia it should be taken before eating4 ,lemon juice drank before meals will be found very advantageous as a preventive of heart-burn4 ,drinks for the ,voice4--,tea1 coffee1 and cocoa are three admissible drinks1 but none in excess4 ,for the voice cocoa is the most beneficial4 ,it should never be made too strong1 and those cocoas are the best that have been deprived of their oil4 ,a cup of thin cocoa1 just warm1 is more to be recommended between the exertions of singing than any alcoholic beverage4 ,tea must not be taken too strong1 nor when it has drawn too long1 for tea then becomes acid1 and has a bad influence on the mucous membrane that lines the throat4 ,there is always a dry sensation after having taken a cup of tea that has been allowed to draw too long4 ,a vocalist had better do without sugar in tea and only take milk with it4 ,hernia or ,rupture4--,a swelling suddenly appearing in the abdomen1 and especially in the groin1 may be recognized as a rupture1 particularly if it puffs out1 or grows larger when the patient breathes or coughs violently4 ,if1 for any reason1 the services of a physician cannot be immediately secured1 the patient should lie down on his back1 draw up his knees1 and1 while he breathes gently1 rest his fingers upon the rupture1 and press it in all directions4 ,in most cases the hernia will slip back when thus treated4 ,then apply a bandage to hold the bowels in place long enough for the person to have a truss fitted to him4 ,during this period the bowels should be kept regular4 ,the author of this book was cured of rupture of the right groin completely4 ,though having worn trusses of different patterns for #be years1 the one that effected a permanent remedy was an electric elastic truss1 invented by ,dr4 ,a4 ,t4 ,sherwood1 #djh ,stockton ,street1 this city4 ,this is no advertisement1 but wishing to help others who are afflicted1 we are of the opinion that it will cure four out of every five cases that exist1 provided the patient will pursue a careful course otherwise4 ,my treatment required less than #d months4 ,hiccoughing4--,sweet-flag 7calamus7 is claimed to be an agent that will relieve and stop persistent hiccough in almost any case4 ,chew a small piece of the root4 ,hydrophobia4--,rabies1 the madness produced by the bite of mad animals1 is often apprehended when there is no danger4 ,in case the supposed mad creature has been killed1 an important means of information is lost4 ,if possible1 the animal should be secured and closely watched4 ,if he does not show signs of rabies1 the bitten person need have no fear2 but1 in any case1 when one has been bitten1 the wound should be washed with hot water1 sucked1 by some person whose mouth is free from sores1 and then thoroughly cauterized with pure nitric acid or concentrated liquor of ammonia4 ,the patient's strength should be sustained by stimulants1 and medical attendance should be secured as soon as possible4 ,drs4 ,valentine ,mott and ,a4 ,f4 ,baldwin1 of the ,carnegie ,laboratory2 are prepared to inoculate hydrophobia patients according to the ,pasteur system4 ,the first patient was the seven-year-old son of ,dr4 ,newell1 of ,jersey ,city4 ,dr4 ,mott inoculated himself to prove the harmlessness of the method for a healthy man4 ,it has been discovered recently that the juice of the maguey plant is a certain remedy for hydrophobia4 ,influenza 7,la ,grippe74--,the first symptoms of the disease are sudden faintness1 a chill1 and marked prostration1 succeeded by headache and a general feeling of malaria1 followed by acute coryza1 pharyngitis1 and slight laryngitis1 winding up with bronchitis4 ,examination shows that the patients are about as sick as persons with a bad cold4 ,the duration of the attack is from #b to #aj days and upward4 ,an application of #b parts turpentine to #a of sweet-oil placed on the chest over the lungs1 and then inhale the steam from steeped eucalyptus leaves1 is the best remedy we know4 ,insomnia4--,the next time a sufferer finds himself awake1 say #b or #c o'clock in the morning1 instead of merely trying to banish the painful thought and repeating numbers1 according to habit1 let him revert at once to the dream which was the cause of his awakening1 and try to go on with it4 ,sleep will come soon4 ,it is stated on good authority that this experiment1 oft repeated1 has never been known to fail4 ,a correspondent of the ,lancet gives the following method of self-asphyxiation as an effectual remedy for insomnia in his own case3 ,after taking a deep inspiration1 he holds his breath till discomfort is felt1 then repeats the process a second and third time4 ,as a rule this is enough to procure sleep4 ,a slight degree of asphyxia is thus relied on as a soporific agent4 ,leprosy4--,an interesting report by the ,hawaiian ,board of ,health is in our hands2 incomplete statistics give the number of lepers in the several islands of the ,hawaiian group on ,january #a1 #ahhh1 as #djj4 ,a statement of the leper population at ,leper ,settlement at ,molokai for the biennial period ending ,march #ca1 #ahhh1 is #gdi4 ,the report says3 ,accurate statistics as to the number of lepers still at large in the various communities of this country cannot be obtained4 ,it is estimated from the best data obtainable1 that there were #fdd lepers at large on the islands on ,march #ca1 #ahhh4 ,the report says3 ,the rations furnished each leper at the ,leper ,settlement on ,molokai are abundant for the support of any adult ,hawaiian4 ,one of the embarrassing questions the board is called upon to decide is1 how many of the non-leper friends and relatives of the afflicted ones shall be allowed to go and live with them at the leper settlement as helpers1 or kokuas1 the number of applicants being in excess of the demand4 ,the great obstacle to be overcome in carrying out the law of segregation consists in the fact that the ,hawaiians do not appreciate and refuse to be convinced that leprosy is a communicable disease4 ,it is with them as if devotion to a fatal sentimentality had bid defiance to every instinct of self-preservation4 ,marriages between leprous and non-leprous individuals are freely contracted1 and the intimacies are not prevented by the fact of potent evidences of the disease4 ,if this race is ever to be rescued from the slough into which it is sinking1 the fatal lethargy that stupefies them must be dispelled1 the instinct of self-preservation must be awakened1 and it must be written upon their hearts1 as with the point of a diamond1 that to voluntarily contaminate one's self with leprosy is a crime4 ,in spite of a number of claims to the contrary1 we believe it safe to say that no one has been able to prove1 to the satisfaction of the medical profession1 who very rightly demand full proof in such cases1 that a single unmistakable case of this disease has been definitely cured4 ,says the report3 ,it is necessary always to bear in mind that the symptoms of leprosy1 like those of some other diseases1 have a way of receding or entirely disappearing for a time1 only to show themselves again when least expected4 ,government physicians generally attribute the causes which are checking the increase of the ,hawaiian population to be leprosy2 also the indolent and easy nature of the natives1 which causes them to rest content1 provided they can obtain the bare necessities of life4 ,they are content to sit idle while their places are being filled with ,chinese1 and their lands are gradually passing from their possession4 ,this apathy causes them to degenerate1 both mentally and physically1 and thus leads to the smallness of families and the general extinction of the race4 ,the following description of how this terrible disease develops and affects the patient is taken from the ,hankow 7,china7 ,medical ,mission report3 ,leprosy is common4 ,it chiefly affects men who work in the field2 we have met with it in brothers2 it is occasionally met with in women4 ,the age varies from ten to fifty years4 ,often the first symptom complained of is some localized anaesthesia--which is sometimes quite accidentally discovered--in the feet1 hands1 or face1 which are the parts that are most commonly affected4 ,the sensory nerves are first affected1 and sensation as a rule absent partially or completely4 ,the anaesthesia is followed by want of free use of affected parts2 the circulation is also impaired in those parts2 the hair on the eyebrows falls out4 ,a peculiar punched-out-looking ulcer1 with a very fetid discharge1 is often met in the feet2 sometimes1 but not so often1 in the hands4 ,as the disease advances1 which it does very slowly--it often apparently remains stationary for years--the face broadens1 becomes square1 glazed1 irregular and nodular2 nodules are also found in the mucous membrane of the lips and in the nerves2 perspiration is absent2 the natural expression of the face is completely changed2 the patient looks old and sad4 ,as the disease further advances1 the toes and fingers drop off1 and by and by part of the limb4 ,the general health is never affected4 ,treatment is not very satisfactory2 symptoms seem to be controlled for a time1 but never cured4 ,lockjaw4--,professor ,renzi1 of ,naples1 records several cases of tetanus successfully treated by absolute rest4 ,the method advocated is as follows3 ,the patient's ears are closed with wax1 after which he is placed in a perfectly dark room1 far from any noise4 ,he is made to understand that safety lies in perfect rest4 ,the room is carpeted heavily in order to relieve the noise of stepping about4 ,the nurse enters every quarter of an hour with a well-shaded lantern1 using more the sense of touch than sight to find the bed4 ,liquid food 7milk1 eggs in beef tea1 and water7 is carefully given1 so that mastication is not necessary4 ,constipation is not interfered with4 ,mild doses of belladonna or secale are given to relieve pain4 ,this treatment does not shorten the disease1 but under it the paroxysms grow milder1 and finally cease4 ,numerous physicians attest to the value of this treatment4 ,marriage4--,the ,medical ,record says the unpopularity of marriage in ,england continues unabated1 and last year was the first in recent times in which1 while the price of wheat fell1 the marriage rate remained stationary4 ,it is now #ad4b per #a1jjj4 ,the decline in the popularity of matrimony is greatest with those who have already had some experience of wedded life4 ,between #ahgf and #ahhh the marriage rate fell #ab per cent for bachelors and spinsters1 #bg per cent for widowers1 #ca per cent for widows4 ,another interesting fact is that the births have now reached the lowest rate recorded since civil registration began4 ,in #ahgf the rate was #cf4c per #a1jjj2 it is now #cj4f4 ,this is very satisfactory1 and it is also notable that the illegitimate birth-rate has declined1 the proportion1 #d4f per cent1 being the lowest yet registered4 ,the worst feature in the ,registrar-,general's returns1 however1 is the fact that the male births had fallen in proportion to the female2 in the last ten years #a1jch boys were born for every #a1jjj girls1 and last year the male preponderance had dropped by #e1 and is now standing at #a1jcc to #a1jjj4 ,m4 ,huth has recently published a valuable book on consanguinity4 ,there is no lack of instances of enforced consanguinity1 in the matter of marriage1 in isolated communities1 according to ,m4 ,huth1 to disprove the assumption that physical degeneration is likely to result from the practice4 ,an investigation into a number of unions between uncles and nieces1 nephews and aunts1 and cousins in the first and second degree1 gives an average of children rather above than below the general average1 though this is attributed to some extent to the comparatively early age at which such unions are generally contracted4 ,breeders inform us that the results are markedly in favor of consanguineous unions between healthy1 well-bred animals4 ,unions between men or animals of widely different varieties1 on the other hand1 have a decidedly injurious effect on the offspring1 and beyond a certain limit are almost absolutely sterile4 ,mulattoes and the half-breeds of ,india and ,america are striking examples of the deterioration to which such racial disparity gives rise4 ,the great point to bear in mind is that the union of individuals with the same morbid tendencies intensifies the taint1 and that1 too1 quite irrespective of any consanguinity4 ,the moral1 according to the author1 is that the reasons which have led to the prohibition of marriages within certain degrees of relationship are social1 and not physiological4 ,malaria 7,chills and ,fever74--,mr4 ,w4 ,s4 ,green1 editor of the ,weekly ,colusa ,sun1 of this ,state1 has made careful investigations on the malaria question4 ,we quote from his issue of ,may #ab1 #ahhh3-- ,irrigation and ,malaria4--,at the irrigation convention held at ,riverside in ,march1 '#hd1 a paper by ,w4 ,s4 ,green was read on the subject of ',irrigation on ,health4' ,the writer took a new departure1 and combated notions held for ages2 that is1 he held that however much the received notions of malaria might hold good as to other climates1 they were not correct when applied to ,california1 where the air was in motion pretty much all the while4 ,mr4 ,green received the highest indorsement of his ideas1 and they have come to be accepted as correct4 ,his statement of facts has been verified by almost all observing men4 ,to the ,pres4 of the ,irrigation ,convention1 ,riverside1 ,cal4-- ,having taken great interest in the problem of irrigation for twenty years and over1 ,i had intended to be present at your meeting1 but at this date ,i find it will be impossible4 ,if a man possesses a mite of knowledge or an idea on this great subject1 it is his duty to give his co-workers the benefit of it4 ,during a residence of thirty-four years in the ,sacramento ,valley1 ,i have had time and opportunity to observe and to study its sanitary conditions1 and these observations bear directly1 ,i think1 on the subject of the effect of irrigation on the health of a country4 ,i am led by these observations to reject almost in toto the long-accepted theory of infection by malaria from the atmosphere1 that is1 so far as it pertains to ,california4 ,i will not consume your time with a technical dissertation1 but will state some facts as briefly as possible1 and in plain1 homely phrase4 ,when ,i saw people living all along the margins of the tules1 where in summer the water became hot and stale and full of decaying vegetation1 and hundreds of forms of animal life1 and yet remain entirely free from malarial influence1 ,i began to think there was some mistake in the accepted theory4 ,i do not pretend to say that all the people living along the tule margins were or are healthy4 ,all who occupy some places seem to be attacked by chills1 while the occupants of places close by are never so attacked4 ,health is the rule4 ,i saw that all these people1 those on the healthy and those on the sickly places1 must breathe the same air1 coming to them from the same hot1 stagnant water and decaying vegetation1 and ,i concluded that malaria was not in the air4 ,but ,i investigated further4 ,there are clay1 or1 as some call them1 hardpan banks to the upper ,sacramento ,river1 which are from a quarter of a mile to a mile apart4 ,the river1 for some very indefinite number of centuries1 has vibrated between these banks--washing in on one side and filling in on the other4 ,there is1 then1 an old or clay formation and a newer or alluvial formation2 of course1 there is alluvium on top of the clay1 but this is not to our purpose4 ,when ,i first saw the valley in #ahej1 this new land1 some of it as high as the old1 was covered with pea vines1 blackberry vines1 and a dense undergrowth generally1 while the other grew wild oats and was usually as open as our wheat-fields4 ,i began to notice that those people who built their houses and dug their wells on a newer formation generally had chills1 while the others1 as a rule1 had not4 ,sometimes these sickly and healthy places would be but a few feet apart4 ,they breathed the same air1 but they did not drink the same water4 ,i began to conclude that these people1 both along the river and around the margins of the tules1 drank the germ of disease and did not breathe it1 and ,i continued my observations4 ,the town of ,colusa is built upon the old1 or clay formation1 and the people are entirely free from the so-called malarial influence4 ,they are almost entirely free from chills1 typhoid fevers1 diphtheria1 etc41 but just at the lower end of the town there is evidence that the river at one time ran almost at right angles with its present course1 and while the land is just as high1 and very large oaks grew upon it1 showing the formation to be very old--the span of human life taken as a measure--yet in digging and boring wells1 as well as by the indigenous growth1 the very great difference in the age of the formation was apparent4 ,upon this new formation an extension to the town was located1 and among other buildings the county hospital was placed there4 ,the patients and employes of the hospital all had chills for several years1 until the physician-in-charge1 ,dr4 ,w4 ,h4 ,belton1 noticed that the people generally who used water from wells on this newly-made land had chills1 while the others had not1 and caused pipes from the town waterworks1 into which river water was pumped1 to be laid to the hospital4 ,there was an immediate change4 ,at the commencement of the use of river water1 there were some forty persons in the hospital1 all with chills1 but since the building has been almost entirely free from it4 ,there could be no more conclusive evidence that these people drank the germ of the disease and did not breathe it4 ,it is claimed that after a wet season there is more malaria in the air1 and that hence people are more subject to disease4 ,i have investigated this1 and my observations1 extended over a number of years1 have convinced me that the water in the wells is simply raised to a newer stratum1 one not thoroughly washed1 as it were1 and that people drink the germ of disease1 and do not breathe it4 ,my conclusions are1 therefore1 that irrigation will tend to bring on malarial disorders1 as it raises the water in wells to a newer stratum of earth1 but no further4 ,when we irrigate so as to produce this effect we must go down after pure drinking water1 or bring it to our houses in pipes4 ,the effect of disorders thus brought about is easily remedied4 ,i do not wish to be understood as maintaining that there may be no such thing as poison in the atmosphere4 ,in some localities1 where the air is not in motion every day1 as it is here1 the air1 like standing water1 may become stagnant4 ,i know of some hotels in this valley totally void of drainage1 and where the accumulated filth of a quarter of a century stands in the yards in cess-pools4 ,in some countries this would kill ninety out of a hundred people who would stop in them a week1 but here we feel no inconvenience from it1 except in so far that the water may become impregnated4 ,air in motion1 like water in motion1 purifies itself1 and hence ,i have come to the rejection of the theory of malaria in the air4 ,of our own remedies we feel very proud because they are sure to kill chills and fever4 ,there are two3-- ,first3 ,take the proportions of one 7#a7 of sulphur to two 7#b7 of gin1 or #d fluidounces of gin to #b of sulphur4 ,let it stand overnight4 ,for an adult take one teaspoonful of this mixture in a little water from #ae to #cj minutes before the attack4 ,remain in bed in a room warmed to #ij degrees ,fahr41 for from #f to #aj hours4 ,this has not been known to fail4 ,second3 ,this requires much care and judgment4 ,take a whole nutmeg finely grated1 and its equal quantity of pulverized alum1 thoroughly mix them1 and take at one dose2 the time to take it has everything to do with its effect4 ,it must be taken between #aj and #ag minutes before the shake is due to come on4 ,go to bed immediately1 using double the usual amount of bedclothes1 remain there from #a-a_/b to #c hours1 and both chills and fever will permanently depart4 ,if the medicine is taken too soon 7say #cj minutes before the shake71 the attack will be more severe2 if taken immediately after the shake it will increase the fever2 in either case the dose will have to be repeated to effect a cure4 ,this latter treatment completely cured the author4 ,nervousness and ,worry4--,one meets few unworried people4 ,most faces bear lines of care4 ,men go anxious to their day's duties1 rush through the hours with feverish speed1 and bring hot brain and tumultuous pulse home at night for restless1 unrefreshing sleep4 ,this is not only a most unsatisfactory1 but is also a most costly1 mode of living4 ,the other night the train lost two hours in running less than a hundred miles4 ,we have a hot box1 was the polite conductor's reply to some impatient passengers who begged to know the cause of the long delays at stations4 ,this hot-box trouble is not altogether unknown in human life4 ,there are many people who move swiftly enough and with sufficient energy1 but who grow feverish and are thus impeded in their progress4 ,a great many failures in life must be charged to worrying4 ,when a man worries he is impeded in several ways4 ,for one thing he loses his head4 ,he cannot think clearly4 ,his brain is feverish1 and will not act at its best4 ,his mind becomes confused1 and his decisions are not to be depended upon4 ,the result is that a worried man never does his work as well as he should do it1 or as he could do it if he were free from worry4 ,he is apt to make mistakes4 ,marks of feverishness are sure to be seen somewhere in whatever he does4 ,remedy3 ,keep cool1 think three times before you act once4 ,obesity and ,thinness4--,to increase the weight2 ,eat1 to the extent of satisfying a natural appetite1 of fat meats1 butter1 cream1 milk1 cocoa1 chocolate1 bread1 potatoes1 peas1 parsnips1 carrots1 beets1 farinaceous food1 or ,indian corn1 rice1 tapioca1 sago1 corn-starch1 pastry1 custards1 oatmeal1 sugar1 sweet wines1 and ale4 ,avoid acids4 ,exercise as little as possible1 sleep all you can1 and don't worry or fret4 ,to reduce the weight3 ,eat1 to the extent of satisfying a natural appetite1 of lean meat1 poultry1 game1 eggs1 milk moderately1 green vegetables1 turnips1 succulent fruits1 tea or coffee4 ,drink lime juice1 lemonade1 and acid drinks4 ,avoid fat1 butter1 cream1 sugar1 pastry1 rice1 sago1 tapioca1 corn-starch1 potatoes1 carrots1 beets1 parsnips1 and sweet wines4 ,exercise freely4 ,piles4--,when piles become painful1 whether they protrude or not1 the patient should take a warm hip-bath and remain in until the pain ceases1 extra precaution being taken for cleanliness1 using pure white castile soap with the hip-bath4 ,a careful diet of farinaceous and other easily-digested food1 and regularity in going to stool1 will suffice to cure the majority of cases4 ,if the piles are bleeding1 apply a salve of opium and nut-gall2 if itching1 a drop of oil of cade will give relief4 ,linseed oil1 applied to the piles1 is said to be an effective remedy4 ,in severe cases of piles great relief is afforded by the use of suppositories made after the following formula3 #b grains sulphate morphina1 #b grains extract belladonna1 #a scruple tannin4 ,the above mixed with a sufficient quantity of cocoa butter to make twelve suppositories of one-half ounce each2 one to be used every night on retiring4 ,poisons4--,poisons may be classified under two distinct heads--mineral and vegetable4 ,mineral poisons are irritating and corrosive in their action4 ,they produce a metallic taste in the mouth1 burning pains in the throat1 stomach1 and bowels1 and1 often1 violent retching and bloody vomiting1 purging1 cramps1 cold sweats1 and great depression4 ,vegetable poisons are chiefly narcotics1 and many of them are as virulent as any in the mineral kingdom4 ,they cause giddiness1 drowsiness1 stupor1 insensibility or delirium1 and oppressed breathing4 ,general ,directions4--,first and instantly dilute the poison with large draughts of warm water1 either clear1 or1 if the particular poison is known1 containing the proper antidote4 ,this will usually cause vomiting1 which is to be desired4 ,if vomiting does not soon occur1 excite it4 ,protect as much as possible the lining membrane of the stomach and bowels from contact with the poison by large and frequent doses of sweet-oil1 mucilage of gum arabic1 flaxseed tea1 milk1 etc4 ,melted cosmoline1 vaseline1 butter1 or lard will serve for this purpose4 ,keep up the temperature by means of warm blankets1 hot bottles1 etc42 and if there are marked evidences of sinking1 such as a failure of the pulse1 or very feeble1 gasping respiration1 give a little stimulus1 preferably by injection into the bowels4 ,in the case of an adult1 a tablespoonful of brandy1 whisky or gin1 with an equal quantity of water1 may be administered in this manner every five or ten minutes1 until reaction sets in--that is1 until the face regains its color1 the pulse becomes stronger1 and the breathing natural4 ,a general antidote for all cases of poisoning1 where the nature of the poison is unknown1 is a mixture of carbonate of magnesia1 powdered charcoal1 and hydrated sesquioxide of iron1 equal parts1 in water4 ,,poisons--,,mineral4 ,acids4--,muriatic 7spirit of salt71 nitric 7aqua fortis71 sulphuric 7oil of vitriol71 oxalic1 nitro-muriatic1etc4 ,nitric and sulphuric acids are sometimes used for the removal of warts2 oxalic acid is often employed for taking out iron or ink stains2 muriatic and nitro-muriatic acids are frequently prescribed medicinally4 ,as soon as a poisonous dose has been swallowed1 seek for something which will neutralize the acid4 ,powdered chalk1 whiting1 magnesia1 or lime scraped from a wall and stirred in water1 may be given in any of these cases4 ,for sulphuric or muriatic acid also administer soap-suds1 sweet milk1 common soap cut into small pieces1 baking or washing soda1 or saleratus1 giving these latter in very small quantities at a time1 so as not to produce dangerous distension of the stomach1 from the evolution of gas4 ,in the case of sulphuric acid1 water must not be used freely at first1 at least not unless it contains some antidote1 as the heat produced1 when this acid and water are mixed1 is sufficient of itself to cause serious damage4 ,ammonia1 and other alkalies 7,caustic ,potash1 ,soda or ,lime74--,antidotes3 ,vinegar1 lemon juice1 or a weak solution of tartaric acid1 to be followed immediately with sweet-oil or mucilage of gum arabic1 and an emetic4 ,also give an injection of boiled starch4 ,pain may be relieved with laudanum1 in doses of ten to fifteen drops1 as the paroxysms occur4 ,antimony 7,butter of ,antimony1 ,tartar ,emetic74--,encourage vomiting4 ,the antidotes are milk1 tea1 tannic acid4 ,arsenic1 ,ratsbane1 ,paris ,green1 ,cobalt1 and all arsenical preparations used as rat poisons4--,give the whites of five or six eggs1 beaten in half a pint of water2 or1 flour and water1 barley water1 flaxseed tea1 or magnesia4 ,also administer an emetic of five grains of sulphate of copper 7blue vitriol71 or fifteen grains of sulphate of zinc 7white vitriol71 ipecac1 or mustard and water4 ,after the vomiting1 give hydrated sesquioxide of iron in tablespoon doses1 every fifteen minutes1 until danger is past4 ,this is the best-known antidote for arsenic1 and should be procured fresh from the drug store if possible4 ,chloral1 ,chloroform1 ,ether4--,cold water should be sprinkled over the face and applied to the head4 ,if breathing is suspended1 treat the patient for artificial respiration4 ,the use of electricity is recommended4 ,corrosive ,sublimate 7,bedbug ,poison71 ,calomel 7,mercury74--,the whites of three or four eggs1 beaten in water1 should be given without delay4 ,if eggs are not at hand1 flour or thin starch gruel1 mucilage of gum arabic1 or milk1 will answer4 ,an emetic should be taken immediately after the antidote has been administered4 ,iodine 7used for external application74--,if it has been swallowed1 give a paste of starch1 or flour and water4 ,lead1 ,salts of 7,sugar of ,lead1 ,lead ,paint74--,after an emetic1 administer as much ,epsom salt1 or ,glauber's salt1 as the patient can drink4 ,then give large quantities of milk and whites of eggs4 ,lunar ,caustic1 ,nitrate of ,silver4--,give a large teaspoonful of common salt1 in a glass of water4 ,repeat the dose every ten minutes for an hour4 ,then give a dose of castor-oil1 and let the patient drink freely of flaxseed tea1 barley water1 or sweet milk4 ,muriates of ,tin and ,zinc4--,these poisons are sometimes found in canned goods--fruits1 vegetables1 fish1 and meats4 ,they cause nausea1 vomiting1 sudden failure of the vital forces1 and sometimes cramps and convulsions4 ,milk1 the whites of eggs1 strong tea1 or tincture of ,peruvian bark1 should be given4 ,after the violent symptoms have subsided1 the patient should drink freely of flaxseed tea or barley water4 ,phosphorus1 ,matches4--,give large quantities of warm water containing calcined magnesia1 chalk1 or whiting4 ,prussic ,acid4--,liquor of ammonia1 in doses of ten drops to a tablespoonful of water1 should be given every fifteen minutes1 until the patient is out of danger4 ,also apply smelling salts to the nose1 dash cold water in the face1 and give stimulants4 ,verdigris4--,give sugar1 milk1 and whites of eggs in large quantities1 then strong tea1 but no acids of any kind4 ,poisons--,vegetable4 ,aconite4--,induce free vomiting1 then give brandy or whisky every half hour until the dangerous symptoms are allayed4 ,alcohol1 ,spirits4--,give half a teaspoonful of aromatic spirits of ammonia in sweetened water every half hour4 ,bromide of potassa1 in doses of fifteen to thirty grains1 every two or three hours1 will also be found useful4 ,cocaine is the alkaloid of the coca plant of ,south ,american origin4 ,it is generally employed in the form of muriate of cocaine and principally used as a local anaesthetic4 ,it should only be used under the direction of a physician4 ,it may occasion dangerous effects even in doses usually deemed safe4 ,when it has been taken internally1 the proper antidote is a powerful emetic followed by stimulants--such as liquor and spirits of ammonia--administered internally4 ,when it has been used to a dangerous extent externally1 give whisky or brandy and ammonia4 ,laudanum1 ,opium1 ,paregoric1 ,morphia1 ,belladonna1 ,hyoscyamus1 ,stramonium1 and ,conium4--,an emetic of mustard and water1 twenty grains of sulphate of zinc 7white vitriol71 or thirty grains of powdered ipecac1 should be given4 ,strong coffee1 brandy1 or whisky should then be administered in large quantities1 and the patient walked around the room4 ,slapping1 pinching1 dashing cold water in the face1 and even whipping1 may be necessary to keep the patient awake4 ,strychnine 7,nux ,vomica74--,give an emetic of a solution of sulphate of zinc 7white vitriol71 or a strong infusion of tobacco2 or inject into the bowels bromide of potassium1 thirty grains1 and the extract of coca1 one-half ounce4 ,during the spasms1 the patient should breathe chloroform or ether from a saturated cloth held to the nose and mouth4 ,toadstools 7,false ,mushrooms7 and other poisonous plants and seeds1 such as are liable to be picked up and eaten by children4--,empty the stomach at once by an emetic you have at hand4 ,coffee poisoning occurs mostly with well-to-do people--those who are overfed4 ,tea poisoning comes to hard-working1 half-starved women4 ,the symptoms of coffee poisoning are want of appetite1 sleeplessness1 and nervous tremblings1 with various indications of indigestion and torpor of liver4 ,tea poisoning requires rest and nourishment2 but the victim of coffee excess usually needs to unload his system by exercise on a low diet4 ,antipyrine4--,dr4 ,t4 ,e4 ,smith1 of ,cincinnati1 had his whole right side paralyzed by a ten-grain dose of antipyrine4 ,the dose is an ordinary one4 ,this powerful drug is much resorted to by grippe victims4 ,removal of ,foreign ,substances4--,considering the frequency with which foreign bodies are swallowed1 especially by children1 the best treatment to employ in such cases should be generally known4 ,a variety of such methods have been advocated1 but just now the so-called potato cure appears to be the most popular4 ,one physician not long ago reported that he had successfully applied it with the best results in three cases4 ,one was that of a #f-year-old boy1 who swallowed a small weight2 another that of a girl1 #i years old1 who had swallowed a nail2 and the remaining one that of a woman who had swallowed a set of teeth4 ,he fed the patients for three days on nothing but potatoes4 ,this treatment is a method in vogue among the pickpockets of ,london1 who1 swallowing their booty1 live on potatoes until the stolen articles have passed down and out of the body4 ,rheumatism4--,those who have a tendency to that disease should take a stitch now and free their systems from all injurious retained matter4 ,they should live abstemiously1 exercise freely1 keep the skin active by frequent bathing1 the bowels open with fruits1 and drink water in large quantities4 ,water dissolves and washes waste matter out of the system2 it is therefore an absolute essential where there is any impairment in the action of the kidneys1 bowels1 or skin4 ,he who applies this simple treatment1 and takes proper care of himself otherwise1 may feel quite secure from attacks of rheumatism4 ,practical ,medicine suggests3 ,make a concentrated emulsion of black soap1 #bjj grammes2 add thereto #ajj or #aej grammes of turpentine1 and shake the whole vigorously until a beautiful creamy emulsion is obtained4 ,for a bath take half of this mixture1 which possesses an agreeable pine odor4 ,after remaining in the bath a quarter of an hour1 the patient should get into bed1 when a prickling sensation1 not disagreeable1 however1 is felt over the entire body2 then1 after a nap1 he awakens with marked diminution of rheumatic pains4 ,flour of sulphur dusted into the soles of the shoes and stockings is said to be a perfect preventive4 ,the exciting causes of rheumatism are cold or wet applied to the body when in a state of heat1 exposure to cold winds1 remaining long in wet clothes1 sleeping in a damp bed1 or blood-poisoning4 ,acute attacks of rheumatism should be treated by painting the affected part with tincture of iodine4 ,seasickness4--,experts claim that seasickness can be regulated by a system of breathing4 ,one must sit still and time the breathing to the upward and downward motion of the boat4 ,as the boat falls there should be a full expiration1 and as the boat rises start on an inspiration ending just as the boat begins to drop4 ,sleep4--,the ,home ,maker says3 ,up to the fifteenth year most young people require ten hours1 and till the twentieth year1 nine hours4 ,after that age everyone finds out how much he or she requires1 though1 as a general rule1 at least six to eight hours are necessary4 ,eight hours' sleep will prevent more nervous derangements in women than any medicine can cure4 ,during growth there must be ample sleep if the brain is to develop to its full extent1 and the more nervous1 excitable1 or precocious a child is1 the longer sleep should it get if its intellectual progress is not to come to a premature standstill1 or its life be cut short at an early age4 ,a doctor of prominence says3 ,there is no doubt in my mind but the belief that human beings should sleep with their bodies lying north and south has its foundation in true scientific facts4 ,each human system has two magnetic poles--one positive and one negative4 ,now1 it is true that some persons have the positive pole in the head and the negative pole in the feet1 and vice versa4 ,in order that the person sleeping should be in perfect harmony with the magnetic phenomena of the earth1 the head1 if it possesses the positive pole1 should lie to the south1 or if the feet possess the positive pole the head should lie to the north4 ,the positive pole should always lie opposite to the magnetic center of the continent and thus maintain a magnetic equilibrium4 ,the positive pole of the person draws one way1 but the magnetic pole of the earth draws the other way and forces the blood toward the feet1 affects the iron in the system1 tones up the nerves1 and makes sleep refreshing and invigorating4 ,but if the person sleeps the wrong way and fails to become magnetically en rapport with the earth1 he will then probably be too magnetic1 and he will have a fever resulting from the magnetic forces working too fast1 or he will not be magnetic enough1 and the great strain will cause a feeling of lassitude1 sleep will not be refreshing1 and in the morning he will have no more energy than there is in a cake of soap4 ,some persons may scoff at these ideas1 but the greatest scientific men of the world have studied the subject4 ,only recently the ,french ,academy of ,science made experiments upon the body of a guillotined man1 which go to prove that each human system is in itself an electric battery1 one electrode being represented by the head1 the other by the feet4 ,the body was taken immediately after death and placed on a pivot1 to move as it might4 ,after some vacillation the head portion turned toward the north1 the body then remaining stationary4 ,one of the professors turned it half way around1 but it soon regained its original position1 and the same result was repeatedly obtained1 until organic movement finally ceased4 ,small-pox and ,vaccination4--,notwithstanding existing prejudices1 statistics prove the great usefulness of vaccination4 ,in small-pox epidemics1 of those persons attacked who have not been vaccinated1 one case in four is fatal2 while of those who have been vaccinated1 the death rate is not one in four hundred and fifty4 ,in cities1 it is important that every infant should be vaccinated before it is six months old4 ,in the country1 the operation may be deferred until the infant is a year old4 ,care should be taken to have the virus fresh and from the cow4 ,the taking of virus from a child1 or an adult1 should never be allowed1 as constitutional diseases are often transmitted in that way4 ,vaccination is performed by making a small incision in the skin and introducing the virus on the point of a lancet or needle4 ,on the third day1 if the desired result has been attained1 a small red spot may be seen4 ,this increases in size1 becomes elevated1 and1 by the sixth day1 is filled with a clear1 yellow liquid4 ,about the eighth day1 the pustule is fully formed1 when symptoms of small-pox are usually felt1--headache1 shivering1 loss of appetite1 etc4 ,these symptoms subside in a day or two2 the fluid in the pustule dries up1 and a scab forms1 which remains about two weeks and then disappears1 leaving a scar4 ,the affected part should be protected by a loose bandage1 and all scratching or rubbing prevented4 ,the theory in regard to vaccination is that the disease in a mild form takes hold of the system1 and either completely or partially destroys the liability to contract the same disease in the future4 ,if the destruction is only partial1 it can be made total by future vaccinations4 ,all authorities agree that it is necessary to revaccinate frequently--just as often1 in fact1 as the system shows itself in readiness to take the vaccinations4 ,then as often as once in five or seven years vaccination should be repeated in order to obtain complete immunity from small-pox4 ,superstitions4--,numerous are the dangerous superstitions about marriage4 ,for instance1 the bride must not try on her wedding gown1 or ill-luck will follow4 ,she must not look in the glass after she is fully dressed and ready for the ceremony4 ,she must not enter her new home by stepping over the threshold1 but must be carried over it by one of her relatives4 ,a piece of the bride's cake must be broken over her head as soon as she is safely on the other side4 ,it is very unlucky for her to be in a happy state on her wedding-day4 ,she must be as dolorous as possible1 violent fits of weeping being especially beneficial4 ,it is a good idea for the brides-maids to throw away as many pins as possible on the wedding-day1 as this will hasten marriage4 ,the bride should throw away her slipper in leaving the wedding feast1 and she who catches it will be the first married4 ,the month of ,may is generally conceded to be the most unfortunate for marriages4 ,the lucky months are ,january1 ,april1 ,august1 ,october1 and ,november4 ,january is especially lucky4 ,lovers should carefully avoid passing a sharp or pointed instrument from one to the other4 ,such things tend to cause quarrels4 ,the wedding should be put off by all means if a cat sneezes on the eve of the wedding-day4 ,it should never take place if the cat is black4 ,to sweep dust over a girl's feet or legs will be certain to make an old maid of her4 ,should the younger sister of a family marry first1 the older sisters will be condemned to lasting celibacy unless they dance at her wedding in their stocking-feet4 ,the wedding-ring of the mother is an infallible cure for eruptions on the skin of the child4 ,the ring must be rubbed three times around each sore4 ,cure is certain4 ,the virtue of the dew that glitters and sparkles in every leaf and flower of a ,may morning has been recognized from the earliest times4 ,if a young girl wishes to obtain and preserve a glorious complexion she should venture out of a ,may morning and wash her face in this dew4 ,to spit in the hand before undertaking anything1 whether in love1 war1 or business1 will not fail to bring luck4 ,if you are out fishing1 do not step over your rod1 or you will catch no more fish than did ,simple ,simon in his mother's pail4 ,of births1 it may be said in general that a crying child will grow up to be a great and useful man4 ,this omen is not very clearly settled1 however1 and is often given the other way4 ,some seer far back in the ages discovered the following3 ,born on ,monday1 fair in the face2 born on ,tuesday1 full of ,god's grace2 born on ,wednesday1 sour and sad2 born on ,thursday1 merry and glad2 born on ,friday1 worthily given2 born on ,saturday1 work for your living2 born on ,sunday1 you will never know want4 ,to recall a person after they have left the house is bad luck4 ,to go back for something forgotten is also bad luck1 unless you sit down before going out again4 ,if1 when you sit before the fire1 a live coal jumps out1 it is a sign that you are to have good luck1 especially in money matters4 ,to wash in water another has washed in is not only bad sanitarily1 but also superstitiously4 ,he who makes many crumbs at the table will never have any money to spare4 ,it is flying in the face of fortune to sweep dust out of the front door or to allow it to be swept out4 ,in so doing you are sweeping out your good luck4 ,to count one's gains brings luck1 but to find money is the worst possible luck4 ,the #d-leaved clover once found1 should be treasured1 as every school-child knows and believes4 ,it brings luck of every description4 ,eve attempted to carry a #d-leaved shamrock of precious stone from ,paradise with her1 but it fell and shattered at her feet4 ,think of the disaster thus entailed upon the human race6 ,to see the moon over the left shoulder is as unlucky as to hold the four of clubs at cards4 ,but the new moon seen over the right shoulder1 or straight in front1 portends fortune as smiling as her own bright rays4 ,one should be careful in writing a letter not to cross out a word in it4 ,to do so means that any request you may have made in the letter will not be granted4 ,it is very unlucky to dry a letter before the fire1 instead of allowing it to dry slowly and naturally4 ,but unluckiest of all is to drop the letter on the floor after finishing it4 ,birth1 marriage1 and death are the three most important events in every life4 ,death1 being the most dreadful1 comes in for the largest share4 ,one of the best ways given us of avoiding it when mortal sickness is upon us is to allow the report to be circulated that you are already dead4 ,the chances are strongly in favor of getting well4 ,especially is this so if friends begin to arrange for the funeral4 ,a sure sign of early death is for a person to scatter the leaves of a red rose upon the ground4 ,it is extremely hazardous to an infant's life to pare its nails before it is a year old4 ,they should be bitten off4 ,some superstitions of my early life which ,i still remember are3-- #a4 ,turning a loaf of bread upside down creates family quarrels4 #b4 ,allowing anyone to pass between you and your companion evil and death to follow4 #c4 ,breaking a mirror1 death in the family4 #d4 ,having your hair cut on ,sunday1 forgetfulness4 #e4 ,beginning an undertaking on ,friday1 ill luck4 #f4 ,sitting at table or in company when just #ac are present1 a death of one of their number before the year is done4 #g4 ,presenting a sharp instrument or edge-tool to anyone1 ill luck to ensue4 #h4 ,putting on any garment inside out1 unless you retain it until the sun goes down1 bad luck to come4 #i4 ,spilling salt1 unless some is thrown into the fire or over the left shoulder1 misfortune4 ,during my life ,i have done everything in the above list that is claimed should not be done1 that fell in my way to do1 and still live and prosper1 although born on ,friday1 and being one of a family of #ac children4 ,snake ,bites4--,tie a string or ligature hard around the injured limb and above the bitten place2 suck the wound1 so as to extract the poison1 but be careful to see that the person who performs the sucking has no open sore in his mouth2 wash with warm water and apply caustics1 such as carbolic acid or concentrated liquor of ammonia2 give five to ten grains of carbonate of ammonia1 in water1 every hour1 and stimulate the patient with whisky or brandy2 rub the limbs with pieces of flannel dipped in hot whisky or diluted alcohol4 ,medical attendance should be secured as soon as possible4 ,tape-worm4--,recently attention has been called to cocoanuts as a vermifuge4 ,professor ,paresi1 of ,athens1 when he was in ,abyssinia1 happened to discover that ordinary cocoanut possesses vermifuge qualities in a high degree4 ,he took1 one day1 a quantity of the juice and pulp1 and shortly afterward felt some gastric disturbance1 which1 however1 passed off in a few hours4 ,subsequently he had diarrhea1 and was surprised to find that there had been expelled a complete tape-worm1 head and all1 quite dead4 ,after returning to ,athens he made a number of observations which were most satisfactory1 the tape-worm being always passed and quite dead4 ,he orders the milk and pulp of one cocoanut to be taken early in the morning1 fasting1 no purgative or confinement to the house being required4 ,teeth4--,for toothache rub a little essential oil on the face1 at the hinge of the jaw1 on the side that aches4 ,tobacco4--,probably no subject in our book can interest the majority of persons more than this great question of the use of tobacco4 ,we have a collection of opinions from the best authorities3-- ,the ,medical ,news published a paper by ,dr4 ,wm4 ,l4 ,dudley1 ,professor of ,chemistry in the ,vanderbilt ,university1 giving the results of recent careful analytical experiments made by him in his laboratory with the smoke of an ordinary cigarette4 ,mice were used upon which to employ his tests4 ,it is not needful that we should give the professor's description of his modus operandi by means of air-tubes1 an aspirator1 a glass jar1 etc41 the results of his experimentation being the chief object of interest in which the reader is concerned4 ,suffice it to say1 then1 that in each of his several chemical tests by the gradual combustion of a single cigarette1 the mouse that was the recipient of the resultant smoke died in the course of the operation1 being literally poisoned to death by inhaling the carbonic oxide evolved from the noxious weed4 ,the blood of the dead creature being subjected to spectroscopic examination1 it was found that the veinous fluid had been so completely altered and vitiated that death was the inevitable effect4 ,the tests were thoroughly scientific and conclusive4 ,the fact was demonstrated1 beyond the chance of doubt or question1 that carbonic oxide is the chief constituent of cigarette smoke1 if not all tobacco smoke1 and that its inhalation into the air-passage and lungs must of necessity be exceedingly deleterious1 as much so to men and boys as to mice4 ,cases of poisoning due to meat which seemed thoroughly wholesome have sometimes occurred and have remained unexplained4 ,in the ,revue d' ,hygiene1 ,m4 ,bourrier1 inspector of meat for the city of ,paris1 makes a suggestion4 ,he described his experiments with meat impregnated with tobacco smoke4 ,some thin slices of beef were exposed for a considerable time to the fumes of tobacco1 and afterward offered to a dog which had been deprived of food for twelve hours4 ,the dog1 after smelling the meat1 refused to eat it4 ,some of the meat was then cut into small pieces and concealed within bread4 ,this the dog ate with avidity1 but in twenty minutes commenced to display the most distressing symptoms1 and soon died in great agony4 ,all sorts of meat1 both raw and cooked1 some grilled1 roasted1 and boiled1 were exposed in tobacco smoke and then given to animals1 and in all cases produced symptoms of acute poisoning4 ,even the process of boiling could not extract from the meat the nicotine poison4 ,grease and similar substances have facilities of absorption in proportion with their fineness and fluidity4 ,fresh-killed meat is more readily impregnated1 and stands in order of susceptibility as follows--pork1 veal1 rabbit1 poultry1 beef1 mutton1 horse4 ,a simple experiment which will show how injurious is cigarette smoke inhaled may be easily performed by means of a handkerchief3 ,after taking a mouthful of smoke1 put the handkerchief tightly over the lips and blow the smoke through it4 ,you will find a dark brown stain on it4 ,if the smoke is inhaled1 and then blown through the handkerchief1 there is very little stain1 if any2 consequently all that nicotine must remain in the lungs4 ,an ,ex-,smoker's ,advice4--,a young man who1 not long ago1 was an inveterate smoker1 but who was recently induced to swear off1 came to me and talked in this strain3 ,i have been doing some figuring lately1 and the result astonishes me4 ,when ,i was smoking my hardest my average was eight cigars a day4 ,sometimes it would run over eight and sometimes under2 but eight was about the all-round figure4 ,i rarely bought my cigars by the box1 and as ,i indulged in straight #aj-;cent goods1 #hj cents a day was what my smoking cost me4 ,this1 with #dj cents added for cigars that ,i gave away and lost shaking dice1 make a total of about #f4jj a week that ,i now save4 ,it is just nine weeks and three days since ,i swore off1 and by ,saturday ,i shall have #fj in the bank1 without an effort on my part save that required to control an unnecessary appetite4 ,i must also regard as an asset the superabundance of animal spirits ,i enjoy as a direct result of my abstinence from a habit that everybody knows is weakening1 when indulged in to excess4 ,smoke yourself1 do you8 ,well1 try my scheme4 ,swear off and put your cigar money in the bank4 ,you might need it some day1 even if you are a newspaper man4 ,the ,new ,york ,medical ,journal contains a convincing article on tobacco3 ,tobacco contains an acrid1 dark brown oil1 an alkaloid1 nicotine1 and another substance called nicotianine1 in which exists its odorous and volatile principles4 ,when tobacco is burned a new set of substances is produced1 some of which are less harmful than the nicotine1 and are more agreeable in effect1 and much of the acrid oil--a substance quite as irritating and poisonous as nicotine--is carried off4 ,these fire-produced substances are called1 from their origin1 the 'pyridine series4' ,by great heat the more aromatic and less-harmful members of the series are produced1 but the more poisonous compounds are generated by the slow combustion of damp tobacco4 ,this oil which is liberated by combustion is bad both in flavor and in effect1 and it is better1 even for the immediate pleasure of the smoker1 that it should be excluded altogether from his mouth and air passages4 ,smoking in a stub of a pipe is particularly injurious1 for the reason that in it the oil is stored in a condensed form1 and the smoke is therefore highly charged with the oil4 ,sucking or chewing the stub of a cigar that one is smoking is a serious mistake1 because the nicotine in the unburned tobacco dissolves freely in the saliva1 and is absorbed4 ',chewing' is1 on this account1 the most injurious form of the tobacco habit1 and the use of a cigar holder is an improvement on the custom of holding the cigar between the teeth4 ,cigarettes are responsible for a great amount of mischief1 not because the smoke from the paper has any particularly evil effect1 but because smokers--and they are often boys or very young men--are apt to use them continuously1 or at frequent intervals1 believing that their power for evil is insignificant4 ,thus the nerves are under the constant influence of the drug1 and much injury to the system results4 ,moreover1 the cigarette smoker uses a very considerable amount of tobacco during the course of a day4 ',dipping' and 'snuffing' are semi-barbarities which need not be discussed4 ,not much effect is obtained from the use of the drug in these varieties of the habit4 ,nicotine is one of the most powerful of the 'nerve poisons' known4 ,its virulence is compared to that of prussic acid4 ,if birds be made to inhale its vapor in amounts too small to be measured1 they are almost instantly killed4 ,it seems to destroy life1 not by attacking a few1 but of all the functions essential to it1 beginning at the center1 the heart4 ,a significant indication of this is that there is no substance known which can counteract its effects2 the system either succumbs or survives4 ,its depressing action on the heart is by far the most noticeable and noteworthy symptom of nicotine poisoning4 ,the frequent existence of what is known 'tobacco heart' in men whose health is in no other respect disturbed is due to this fact4 ,a youth of eighteen at ,bayshire1 ,l4 ,i41 has become insane from the excessive use of cigarettes4 ,those who can use tobacco without immediate injury will have all the pleasant effects reversed and will suffer from the symptoms of poisoning if they exceed the limits of tolerance4 ,these symptoms are3 #a4 ,the heart's action becomes more rapid when tobacco is used4 #b4 ,palpitation1 pain1 or unusual sensations in the heart4 #c4 ,there is no appetite in the morning1 the tongue is coated1 delicate flavors are not appreciated1 and acid dyspepsia occurs after eating4 #d4 ,soreness of the mouth and throat1 or nasal catarrh appears1 and becomes very troublesome4 #e4 ,the eyesight becomes poor1 but improves when the habit is abandoned4 #f4 ,a desire1 often a craving1 for liquor or some other stimulant is experienced4 ,in an experimental observation of thirty-eight boys of all classes of society1 and of average health1 who had been using tobacco for periods ranging from two months to two years1 twenty-seven showed severe injury to the constitution and insufficient growth2 thirty-two showed the existence of irregularity of the heart's action1 disordered stomachs1 cough1 and a craving for alcohol2 thirteen had intermittency of the pulse1 and one had consumption4 ,after they had abandoned the use of tobacco1 within six months one-half were free from all their former symptoms1 and the remainder had recovered by the end of the year4 ,pasteur ,recommends ,camphor ,smoking4--,in an interview with ,m4 ,pasteur1 he was asked whether he considered la grippe occasioned by bacteria8 ,the professor smiled sardonically and shrugged his shoulders1 but said nothing4 ,on being asked what he considered the best remedy for the malady1 he remarked3 ,let men and women both quit smoking tobacco and smoke camphor instead1 and they will probably escape the pest4--,paris ,special4 ,the ,bulletin of this city has a good article on insanity and the cigarette4 ,ten or twelve boys have within a short time been committed to the insane asylum at ,napa whose insanity has been traced directly to the smoking of cigarettes4 ,the number who by reason of the same indulgence have brought on a degree of imbecility that may ultimately land them in the asylum or in the penitentiary cannot be reduced to an exact estimate4 ,but having occasion recently to make some inquiry about a number of boys who had figured in the records of the criminal courts1 it was found that a majority of them were habitual smokers of cigarettes4 ,the connection between cigarette smoking1 mental imbecility1 idiocy1 and crime has recently attracted more than usual attention4 ,no boy or young man can smoke a cigarette without being harmed thereby4 ,one of the reasons ascribed for the lunacy of several boys was that the cigarettes were made up of the vilest stuff4 ,they contained a narcotic beyond that usually found in pure tobacco4 ,this is supposed to be some of the cheaper forms of opium4 ,but1 whatever it may be1 it is making imbeciles and idiots of many boys1 and criminals of some of them4 ,in a number of instances where boys have been sent to the asylum1 it was found that after a short period1 the cigarette and all other forms of dissipation having been cut off1 the patients rapidly improved1 and after a few months' detention they were sent home4 ,the evil does not end here4 ,if a boy becomes an inveterate cigarette smoker1 the chances are greatly against any reformation4 ,some friend may take him in hand and show him the danger in season4 ,the larger number will keep right on4 ,of this number it is doubtful if ten per cent will ever come to anything4 ,and even these will accomplish far less than if they had never weakened their mental powers by this vile indulgence4 ,the crazy boys who bring up in the asylum are only the few wretched examples of the cigarette mania4 ,other examples are constantly found in the criminal courts4 ,the moral sense has been utterly lost1 or so weakened that there is no clear distinction between right and wrong4 ,every boy who smokes a cigarette has started to go to the bad4 ,just where he will bring up--whether in the insane asylum1 in the criminal courts1 or in a condition of such hopeless moral and mental imbecility that friends must support him1 or the almshouse must finally give him shelter1 is one of the questions that time will settle for him4 ,but if any better record is to be made for him1 the boy and the cigarette must have a prompt and final separation4 ,the ,boston ,herald states3 ,it is said that ,turkish tobacco contains prussic acid1 and that ,havana tobacco has another alkalide called collidine1 of which one-twentieth of a drop will kill a frog1 with symptoms of paralysis4 ,the half-liquid matter that accumulates in the bowl of a pipe will kill a small animal in three-drop doses4 ,a few drops of nicotine inserted under the conjunctiva of an animal will kill at once4 ,eight drops will kill a horse1 with frightful general convulsions4 ,it has been observed that the living systems quickly become tolerant of tobacco poison--an animal that is thrown into convulsions by half a drop one day will require twice as much the next day1 and so in four or five days four or five times as much4 ,the following is suggestive3 ,no student who smokes can obtain a scholarship at ,dartmouth ,college1 ,hanover1 ,n4 ,h4 ,it is a new rule of the faculty4 ,as the purchase of the breweries of the ,united ,states has been commenced by the capitalists of the eastern continent1 ,i trust they will extend their purchases to the distilleries and tobacco warehouses and plantations on this continent1 especially of the ,united ,states2 its financiers being shrewd will the sooner observe the advancement of intelligent progress in the line of thought1 and change their investments from breweries1 distilleries1 and cigarette and tobacco manufactories1 to the sinking of artesian wells and the invention of some improved water-filter4 ,tonsillitis1 ,quinsy1 ,black ,tongue1 or ,ulcerated ,sore ,throat4-- ,,prescription4 ,solution chlorate of potash 7#a in #af7 #c ounces ,tincture muriate of iron #b drachms ,tannic acid #aj grains ,tincture of capsicum #a drachm ,add glycerine to make #d ounces ,shake well before using4 ,dilute in equal parts of water1 and gargle every half hour in a severe case for the first three hours4 ,after that every two or three hours4 ,the above is invaluable and unfailing in case of quinsy4 ,vital ,statistics4--,statisticians are bringing out some curious facts with regard to the birth and death-rates of the leading nations of the world4 ,unfortunately1 our tables are not as accurate as those collected in the ,european ,states4 ,abroad there is a careful record of marriages1 births1 and deaths4 ,these are collected by us without any thoroughness1 save only when a census is being taken4 ,in ,england and ,wales it has been found that the birth-rate is #ce4d and the death-rate is #bj4e per #a1jjj persons4 ,in ,sweden the birth-rate is #cj4b1 against a death-rate of #ah4a4 ,in the ,german ,empire1 birth-rate #ci4c and death-rate #bf4a4 ,austria1 #ci4a birth-rate1 #bi4f death-rate4 ,the official returns state that our annual birth-rate is #cf and death-rate #ah1 but clearly our birth-rate is much larger1 as we are growing in numbers faster than any people on earth4 ,our increase is fully #aj1jjj1jjj since the last census was taken in #ahhj4 ,our colored population have a higher birth-rate than have the ,southern whites4 ,among the latter it is #bh4ga1 while for the colored it is #ce4jh4 ,although the death-rate of the blacks is quite large1 still they are increasing relatively faster than the white4 ,it is also a curious fact that more colored females are born than whites1 but taking blacks and whites together the births of the males exceed those of the females4 ,the report of the ,california ,state ,board of ,health for the month of ,april1 #ahhi1 contains the following3 ,reports from #ge different localities1 with an estimated population of #gja1iej1 give a mortality of #hce1 which is a percentage of #a4ah per #a1jjj in the month1 or an annual mortality of #ad4af1 which is the lowest annual percentage at which we have yet arrived1 indicating a remarkably good condition of the public health throughout the ,state4 ,voice4--,a question in connection with the training of the voice is to be discussed1 viz41 when it should be commenced4 ,with regard to the question1 says a distinguished scientist1 ,i am strongly of opinion that training can hardly be begun too early4 ,of course1 the kind and amount of practice that are necessary in the adult would be monstrous in a young child1 but there is no reason why1 even at the age of six or seven1 the right method of voice production should not be taught4 ,singing1 like every other art1 is chiefly learned by imitation1 and it seems a pity to lose the advantage of those precious early years when that faculty is most highly developed4 ,there is no fear of injuring the larynx or straining the voice by elementary instruction of this kind2 on the contrary1 it is habitual faulty vocalization which is pernicious4 ,there are three essential elements in voice production3 ,first1 the air blast1 or motive power2 second1 the vibrating reed1 or tone-producing apparatus2 third1 the sounding-board1 or re-inforcing cavities4 ,these1 to parody a well-worn physiological metaphor1 are the three legs of the tripod of voice4 ,defect in or mismanagement of any one of them is fatal to the musical efficiency of the vocal instrument4 ,the air supplied by the lungs is moulded into sound by the innumerable little fingers of the muscles which move the vocal cords1 and their training largely moulds the tone and volume of voice4 ,much of the lung and throat troubles existing can be traced to the ignorance of vocal teachers and parental indulgence in allowing the voice to be strained beyond its register4 ,to know a teacher that understands the proper treatment of the vocal organs1 from one that does not--judge them by their pupils2 if a pupil has an impaired throat1 and there is no improvement after six lessons1 change teachers4 ,every vocal teacher can instruct in the rudiments of music1 but only one in fifty knows anything about the voice4 ,warts4--,a drop of cinnamon oil on each wart daily1 continued for a fortnight1 will usually remove them4 ,the most successful remedy we have ever tried is to have the wart saturated three times a week for three weeks with the saliva of a person of positive magnetism1 not a member of the family4 ,there is a scientific reason for it not here explained1 but try it4 ,water4--,if a small quantity of oxalic acid added to water produces a white precipitate1 lime is contained in the water4 ,tincture of galls added to the water which contains iron will yield a black precipitate4 ,water which causes a bright piece of steel to turn yellow1 when dipped into it1 contains copper4 ,sulphuric acid1 dropped into water and turning it black1 shows that the water contains vegetable and animal matter4 ,for detecting sewage contamination1 fill a clean pint bottle three-fourths full of the water to be tested2 add a teaspoonful of granulated sugar2 cork the bottle1 and set it in a warm place for two days2 if the contents of the bottle become cloudy or muddy1 the water is unfit for domestic use4 ,half an ounce of the neutral solution of bisulphate of alumina added to #bjj gallons of water will precipitate the organic matter therein contained2 the water may be then used freely for drinking purposes4 ,to remove the odor from cistern water1 suspend in the water a bag containing a peck of charcoal4 ,according to ,dr4 ,leuf1 when water is taken into the full or partly full stomach1 it does not mingle with the food1 as we are taught1 but passes along quickly between the food and lesser curvative toward the pylorus1 through which it passes into the intestines4 ,the secretion of mucus by the lining membrane is constant1 and during the night a considerable amount accumulates in the stomach2 some of its liquid portion is absorbed1 and that which remains is thick and tenacious4 ,if food is taken into the stomach when in this condition it becomes coated with this mucus1 and the secretion of the gastric juice and its action are delayed4 ,these facts show the value of a goblet of water before breakfast4 ,this washes out the tenacious mucus and stimulates the gastric glands to secretion4 ,in old and feeble persons water should not be taken cold1 but it may be with great advantage taken warm or hot4 ,this removal of the accumulated mucus from the stomach is probably one of the reasons why taking soup at the beginning of a meal has been found so beneficial4 ,there is no remedy of such general application1 and none so easily obtainable1 as water1 and yet nine persons in ten will pass it by in emergency to seek for something of less efficacy4 ,there are but few cases of illness where water should not occupy the highest place as a remedial agent4 ,a strip of flannel or a napkin wrung out of hot water and applied round the neck of a child that has croup will usually bring relief in ten minutes4 ,a towel folded several times and quickly wrung out of hot water and applied over the seat of the pain in toothache or neuralgia will generally afford prompt relief4 ,this treatment in colic works like magic4 ,a physician writes3 ,we have known cases that have resisted other treatments for hours yield to this in ten minutes4 ,there is nothing that will so promptly cut short congestion of the lungs1 sore throat1 or rheumatism as hot water when applied promptly and thoroughly4 ,pieces of cotton batting dipped in hot water and kept applied to sores and new cuts1 bruises1 and sprains1 is the treatment adopted in many hospitals4 ,sprained ankle has been cured in an hour by showering it with water poured from a few feet4 ,tepid water acts promptly as an emetic1 and hot water taken freely half an hour before bed-time is the best cathartic in the case of constipation1 while it has a most soothing effect on the stomach and bowels4 ,this treatment continued for a few months1 with proper attention to diet1 will alleviate any case of dyspepsia4 ,water ,pollution ,remedy4--,according to ,dr4 ,s4 ,s4 ,kilvington1 the ,mississippi ,river received during the past year #aeb1fge tons of garbage and offal1 #ajh1eej tons of night-soil1 and #c1gfe dead animals from only eight cities2 the ,ohio #df1gjj tons of garbage1 #ba1aeg tons of night-soil1 and #e1ajj dead animals from five cities2 and the ,missouri #cf1jjj tons of garbage1 #bb1djj tons of night-soil1 and #ca1fjj dead animals from four cities4 ,doctor ,kilvington urges the cremation of most of the refuse1 and #bc out of #ce health officials consulted by him favored the plan4 ,whooping-,cough4--,mr4 ,w4 ,a4 ,stedman1 superintendent of the ,rochester ,gas ,works1 gives his opinion3-- ,the fumes of the substance used to purify gas are generally recognized as a specific for this disease4 ,the composition used for purifying gas is composed of wood shavings1 iron filings1 lime1 and sometimes copperas4 ,this substance cleanses the gas of the ammonia and sulphur it contains4 ,if a child with the whooping-cough is allowed to breathe the fumes of the purifier after it becomes foul1 immediate relief will be experienced4 ,the fumes of the lime after it has been taken out are particularly beneficial4 ,the lime1 after it is taken out1 begins to heat and throws off fumes strongly impregnated with ammonia4 ,after breathing these fumes for a short time the cough seems to loosen1 and two of these visits will generally cure the most obstinate case4 ,in ,newport one winter1 when ,i was superintendent of the gas works there1 there was an epidemic of whooping-cough1 and ,i treated over #bjj cases1 with the happiest results4 ,i had so many patients that ,i was forced to put benches in the purifying-room4 ,once in awhile there are people affected with whooping-cough to whom this gas treatment gives no relief1 but they are the exception rather than the rule4 ,in nearly every instance it gives immediate relief and effects a positive cure4 ,i know of many physicians who send all their whooping-cough patients straightway to the gas works4 ,i know that it is a sure cure from personal experience1 and we would be happy to extend the courtesies of our purifying-room to any person who is suffering from the disease4 ,yellow ,fever4--,the yellow fever is one of the varied forms of the typhus1 the name being derived front the hue of the victim1 while the ,spanish call it vomito negro--the black vomit--from one of its symptoms4 ,its home is tropical ,africa and tropical ,america1 but it is never found in ,india and ,china1 hot as the climate may be4 ,the cause of this difference1 however1 has never been explained4 ,its greatest prevalence is on the sea-coast or banks of navigable rivers4 ,its ordinary duration of attack is from #cf to #dh hours4 ,the yellow tinge first appears in the eye and then spreads over the face1 gradually reaching the extremities and often becoming dark brown4 ,the rate of mortality varies in a striking degree1 for in some places one-third of the cases prove fatal1 while in others the mortality reaches two-thirds1 and then at other times it has not exceeded three per cent4 ,treatment varies more in this disease than in any other1 which is a proof that thus far it has baffled the best practitioners4 ,like all other forms of pestilence1 it not only walketh in darkness but destroyeth at noonday4 ,the disease itself is not as dangerous as typhoid fever when properly handled4 ,it is a continuous fever1 lasting #gb hours4 ,the premonitory symptoms are a pain in the back of the head and in the loins1 followed by a slight chill4 ,the pulse and temperature then rise rapidly1 the former attaining usually about #aaj beats to the minute1 and the latter #ajd degrees in a few hours4 ,on the second day the pulse begins to drop and continues to do so slowly until the normal is reached1 while the temperature remains steady1 and this peculiarity is the one pathognomonic symptom of the disease1 as ascertained by experts who have studied many epidemics4 ,toward the third day the temperature is often up to #aje4 ,this is a grave symptom1 and unless it can speedily be reduced1 black vomit or gastric hemorrhage appears1 or the kidneys refuse to act on account of acute inflammation and destruction of tissue4 ,the famous black vomit is not fatal in more than #ej per cent of cases well treated1 but when albumen appears in the urine death almost inevitably follows4 ,nursing is everything4 ,the treatment of the disease is wholly expectant4 ,a hot mustard foot-bath and a large dose of castor-oil are preliminaries4 ,after this nothing is given but orange-leaf tea1 to promote perspiration1 and sometimes a little extract of jaborandi4 ,champagne in small quantities is found to be the best preventive of black vomit1 and dry cupping and blisters are resorted to in case of a tendency to kidney trouble4 ,the nurse does more than the doctor in yellow fever to effect a cure1 and in ,new ,orleans nearly all the black mammies are experts in handling the disease1 which undoubtedly accounts for the very low mortality in that city's epidemics4 ,to watch the patient1 be quick to start a fire if a north wind comes to chill the air1 to keep the clothing adjusted1 see that no talking is allowed1 and be familiar with the symptoms forerunning black vomit or kidney trouble1 and know how to treat them promptly--these are necessaries in nursing yellow fever1 and in these the darkey women of ,new ,orleans are more familiar than are the doctors in other towns4 ,on the third day after the attack1 when the fever heat subsides1 the patient is left in a weak and horribly nervous condition1 and for many hours is subject to immediate relapse upon the slightest provocation4 ,then it is that the tolling of a bell1 the sudden shock of a cannon fired by silly authorities1 the slightest indigestion or exposure to cold or excitement1 will do murder4 ,the stomach is left raw1 and for many days only milk1 gruel1 and crackers are given1 doled out in miserly quantity4 ,,supplemental4 ,the following important items do not appear under their regular alphabetical heading1 but are none the less efficacious4 ,blindness4--,a ,simple ,remedy ,that ,often ,will ,prevent ,this ,dreadful ,misfortune4--,it is distressing to learn that out of the #g1jjj persons blind from their birth in this country1 who owe their loss of sight to inflammation of the eyes1 at least two-thirds might now have been in the enjoyment of their sight but for the ignorance or neglect of their earliest guardians4 ,it seems that the remedies for the infantile inflammation which causes blindness are both many and simple4 ,thus1 says the ,london ,figaro1 it cannot be too widely made known that the eyes of the newly-born child1 if inflamed1 should be washed with pure warm water1 and that then a single drop of a #b per cent solution of nitrate of silver should be instilled into each with a drop-tube4 ,in ,germany midwives are enjoined to adopt the above remedial treatment1 under oath1 and since this has been done the decrease in the number of blind children has been most appreciable4 ,increase of ,blindness4--,dr4 ,lucien ,howe says blindness has increased in the ,state of ,new ,york during the past five years thirteen times as fast as the population2 and the ,state ,charities ,commissioners state that the excess in the increase of the insane in the ,state over the increase in the population for the last nine years has been forty-four per cent4 ,these figures are most startling1 especially when it is considered that the modes of treating the eyes and brain are supposed to have been so much improved of late years4--,ex4 ,hiccough4--,a ,mechanical ,cure4--,procure a glass of water and pour a little of it down the patient's throat4 ,while he is drinking the water he should press a finger on the orifice of each ear4 ,by this method you open the glottis1 and in five seconds the thing is done4 ,should you by any chance meet with an obstinate case1 you may rest assured that the throat and ears were not closed at one and the same time2 either the water was swallowed before the ears were thoroughly stopped1 or the water was not sufficient to fill the throat4 ,another precaution is to keep the chin well up4 ,this cure was obtained by the writer from an old ,indian medical officer who had experimented for some years to discover a method of relieving the terrible stage of hiccoughing in yellow fever1 and this cure was the outcome4--,pharmaceutical ,journal4 ,hydrophobia4--,dr4 ,bokai1 a professor at the ,klausenburg ,university1 ,hungary1 claims to have discovered an absolutely certain remedy for hydrophobia and for destroying the virus at the seat of the bite4 ,the remedy consists of a solution of chlorine1 bromine1 sulphuric acid1 and permanganate of potash1 with oil of eucalyptus4 ,the above was received in the ,united ,states as a press dispatch1 from ,vienna1 ,february #c1 #ahij4 ,intemperance4--,we believe1 says the ,canada ,health ,journal1 that there is no better direct remedy for intemperance than strict vegetarianism4 ,sir ,charles ,napier tried a vegetable diet as a cure for intemperance in twenty-seven cases1 and the cure was effected in every case1 the time varying from thirty-six days to twelve months4 ,la ,grippe4--,how to ,prevent ,it4--,a ,boston physician has a novel preventive of the influenza1 which has been named la grippe4 ,he orders a small quantity of the flour of sulphur to be put in an envelope and worn in the bottom of shoes4 ,only this and nothing more4 ,patients who complied with the conditions laid down1 escaped the influenza4 ,this particular physician evidently has some knowledge of human nature4 ,if he had told his patients1 in a general way1 to keep their feet warm1 they would have paid no attention to his directions4 ,but there was an odor of a drug store in the sulphur prescription1 and they followed it4 ,perhaps that was the easiest way to keep the feet warm4 ,teeth4--,extraction ,painless4--,by spraying the region of the external ear with ether1 ,drs4 ,henoque and ,fridel1 of ,paris1 render the dental nerves insensible1 and extract teeth without pain or general anaesthesia4 ,,index4 ,accidents1 ,percentage of1 ,preventable1 #cj-cb ,prevention of1 #he-hg ,advice of an ,ex-smoker1 #adh ,aids to ,morality1 ,philadelphia ,ledger1 #eh ,alcohol1 ,treatise by ,dr4 ,felix ,oswald on1 #hg1 #hh ,alcoholic ,habit1 #hg-ib ,alcoholism1 ,remedy for1 #ib ,reviewed by ,dr4 ,spitka1 #hh1 #hi ,animal and ,human ,lives ,compared1 #de ,antipyrine1 ,female ,intoxicant1 #ia ,paralysis ,caused by1 #aci ,appetite1 ,how to ,improve an1 #ib ,artery1 ,ruptured1 ,treatment of a1 #if ,asphyxiation1 ,remedy for1 #ic ,attorney1 the ,most ,conscientious1 #fj1 #fa ,babies1 ,mortality out of #a1jjj1 #de1 #df ,bathing1 ,dr4 ,steele's ,ideas of1 #ba1 #ic-if ,beer-drinking ,excessive1 #ij ,beggar ,centenarians1 #ac ,bethesda ,water1 ,benefits of1 #ih1 #ajh1 #aji1 #aac ,bites of ,snakes1 ,remedy for1 #ade ,black ,tongue1 ,prescription for1 #aeb ,bleeding1 ,treatment and ,cure for1 #if ,blindness1 a ,simple ,remedy for1 #aei ,increase of1 in ,state of ,n4 ,y41 #aei ,boston ,globe ,reporter1 ,experience of a1 #f ,brain-,workers1 ,time to ,rest for1 #hb ,brain ,worry1 ,panacea for1 #ig ,breakfast1 ,menu for1 #bd ,breathing1 ,healthful ,mode of1 #ig1 #ih ,breweries1 ,english ,purchasers of1 #aeb ,bright's ,disease1 ,remedy for1 #ih ,brown ,sequard's ,vital ,elixir1 #dh1 #aad ,bruises1 ,specific for1 #ii ,bunions and ,corns1 ,preventive for1 #ajh ,burns1 ,remedies for1 #ii ,butchers' ,trade1 ,effect of1 #fj ,cancer ,not ,cured by ,surgery1 #ii ,catholics and ,liquor ,evil1 #cg ,cemeteries of ,london1 ,pollution of the1 #cc1 #cd ,chevreul1 ,m41 ,health at #ajj ,years1 #fh ,chewing-gum1 ,injurious ,effect of1 #ii1 #ajj ,chills and ,fever1 ,w4 ,s4 ,green on1 #acj-acc ,cholera1 ,remedies for1 #ajj ,church and ,society ,duties1 #cg ,cigar ,dissipation1 #ae ,cigarette-smoking1 ,insanity ,results from1 #aej ,cleanliness1 ,hints on1 #ajj1 #aja of ,teeth1 ,tongue1 and ,throat1 #bj ,clothing1 ,importunities about1 #aaa-aac ,hygienic ,advance in1 #di ,cold and ,tired ,feet1 ,how to ,prevent1 #aja ,colds1 ,cure for1 #aja-ajc ,commandments1 the ,ten ,health1 #bh ,constipation1 ,remedies for1 #ai1 #bj1 #ajc ,consumption1 ,causes and ,palliatives1 #dg ,dr4 ,chapin's ,treatise on1 #ajc ,treatment of1 #ajc-ajh ,consumptives' ,pride ,unhealthful1 #ai ,convulsions 7,fits71 ,treatment of1 #ajh ,corns and ,bunions1 ,preventive and ,cure of1 #ajh ,cough ,remedy1 #ajb ,whooping1 ,cure for1 #aeh ,crematories ,will ,stop ,contagion1 #cc-ce ,crime1 ,prevention of1 ,dr4 ,crosby1 #eh-fj ,croup1 ,instantaneous ,relief of1 #aji ,dartmouth ,college1 ,no ,student ,smoker at1 #aeb ,deafness1 ,prevention and ,cure of1 #aac1 #aad ,death1 ,how ,produced1 #dd1 #de no ,physiological ,reason for1 #gf-gh ,death-rate1 of ,poor and ,rich1 #di1 #ej of ,principal ,cities1 #di ,deity1 ,belief in1 a ,necessity1 #ed1 #ee ,del ,monte ,hotel1 ,model for ,cleanliness1 #da ,diabetes1 ,treatment and ,remedies for1 #aji ,digestion1 ,time ,required for1 #abb ,dinner ,menu1 #be1 #bf ,diphtheria1 ,dr4 ,deriker's ,prescription1 #aaa ,dr4 ,roulin's 1 #aaa ,dr4 ,scott's 1 #aaj ,notes on1 and ,treatment of1 #aji-aaa ,diseases and ,their ,remedies1 #gi-afj ,individual ,experience with1 #ad1 #bi ,disparity between ,actions and ,teachings1 #gi ,dissipators ,long-lived1 ,why81 #ab ,dives and ,variety ,theaters1 ,grand ,jury's ,report1 #ce ,doctors and ,dentists a ,necessity1 #f1 #g ,drinks for the ,voice1 #abd ,dropsy1 ,treatment for1 #aac ,dyspepsia1 ,treatment and ,remedy for1 #aac ,ears1 ,care of the1 #aac ,eat1 ,how ,you ,should1 #bb1 #bg ,eat1 ,what ,you ,should1 #bb ,not1 #bb ,editor's ,opinion of ,evil1 #cf ,eggs1 ,how ,best to ,preserve1 #abc ,electric ,light1 ,incandescent1 ,best1 #dj ,elixir1 ,brown ,sequard's1 #dh1 #aad ,employment ,necessary for ,health1 #cj ,epidemics1 ,history of1 #aad-aaf ,erysipelas1 ,facts ,regarding1 #aaf ,esculapius1 #f1 #gj ,evil1 ,editor's ,opinions of1 #cf ,ministers' 1 #cf ,exercise1 ,ben ,hogan's ,opinion of1 #aaf1 #aag ,ex-smoker's ,advice1 #adh ,eye-glasses1 ,when to ,use1 #aah ,eye1 ,surgical ,operation on the1 #dg ,eyes1 ,care of the1 #aag-aai ,faith in the ,source of ,goodness1 #i ,feet1 ,cold and ,tired1 ,how ,remedied1 #aja ,fever1 ,yellow1 ,treatment of1 #aeg1 #aeh ,filtered ,water a ,necessity1 #ba11 #ce ,filters ,indispensable1 #ce ,fire ,losses in ,u4 ,s41 ,how to ,avoid1 #cj ,fits 7,convulsions71 ,treatment of1 #ajh ,food1 ,carbonates of1 #bc for ,each ,meal1 #bd-bh ,most ,wholesome1 #aai-abc ,nitrates of1 #bc ,phosphates of1 #bc ,sinew ,producing1 #bc ,temperature ,most ,healthful for1 #ab ,foreign ,substances1 ,removal of1 #aci ,forgotten ,lore ,remembered1 #da-dc ,fountains1 ,public1 a ,necessity for1 #ce ,freckles1 ,how to ,remove1 #abc ,friends or ,quakers1 ,average ,life of1 #aa ,garbage ,creates ,contagion1 #cb ,gargle for ,throat ,troubles1 #abc ,general ,government1 ,duties of the1 #cg ,germ ,theory1 ,discovery of the1 #ha ,god1 ,clearer ,perception of1 #i ,who and ,what ,is1 #ed1 #ee ,gossip1 by ,dr4 ,j4 ,g4 ,holland1 #fa ,remedy for1 #fa1 #fb ,grand ,jury's ,report1 of ,s4 ,f41 ,cal1 #ce1 #cf ,hair1 ,treatment to ,preserve the1 #abc ,hall's ,journal of ,health on ,food1 #aai ,hammond1 ,dr41 ,death ,not ,imperative1 #gf-gh ,happiness1 #ea-fe ,formula for1 #ee ,happiness1 ,not ,found in ,ignorance1 #ec ,headache1 ,causes and ,remedies for1 #abd ,health1 #e-ej ,beverages1 #abd ,chief ,desideratum1 #e-ej ,commandments1 ,ten1 #bh ,contagious as ,disease1 #aj ,happiness and ,longevity1 #e-gh ,how to ,keep in1 #aj1 #ad-ah ,laughter a ,promoter of1 #df ,maxims1 #da-dc ,officers' ,attention1 #cb1 #cc ,requirements of1 #da-dc ,healthful ,houses1 by ,dr4 ,cushing1 #dj ,hemorrhoids1 ,remedy for1 #ace ,hermit ,centenarians1 #ac ,hernia or ,rupture1 ,cure for1 #abe ,hiccough1 ,remedies for1 #abe1 #aei ,high ,license1 ,liquor ,remedy1 #cf ,hotel ,del ,monte1 ,model for ,cleanliness1 #da ,house ,decorations1 ,sanitary ,news1 #dj ,sanitary1 ,model for1 #ch-da ,human and ,animal ,lives ,compared1 #de ,life ,prolonged1 ,professor ,hammond1 #gc ,hydrophobia1 ,drs4 ,mott and ,baldwin on1 #abf ,remedies for1 #abe1 #abf1 #afj ,hygiene1 ,systematic1 ,dr4 ,j4 ,h4 ,brown1 #gj-gb ,hygienic ,clothing1 #di ,ignorance ,is ,not ,happiness1 #ec1 #ed ,incandescent ,light the ,best1 #dj ,individual ,duties1 #cj ,influenza 7,la ,grippe71 ,remedy for1 #abf ,insanity and the ,cigarette1 ,bulletin1 #aej ,insomnia1 ,relief for1 #abf ,insurance1 ,persons ,not ,eligible1 #ca ,intemperance1 ,cures for1 #ib1 #afj ,deaths ,caused by1 #ij ,intemperate ,men1 ,age of1 #ac ,invalids ,should ,not ,eat1 ,what81 #bg ,irrigation and ,malaria1 by ,w4 ,s4 ,green1 #acj-acc ,kidney ,surgical ,operation1 ,successful1 #dg ,la ,grippe 7,influenza71 ,remedy for1 #abf ,pasteur's ,cure for1 #aej ,prevention of1 #afj ,lane1 ,prof4 ,l4 ,c41 on ,quackery1 #f ,laughter1 a ,health ,promoter1 #df ,lawyer1 the ,most ,conscientious1 #fj1 #fa ,lawyer's ,profession1 ,influence ,exerted by1 #fj ,lepers of ,hawaii1 ,number of1 #abg ,pork ,eaters ,are1 #bg ,leprosy1 ,statistics ,regarding1 #abf-abh ,life ,being ,prolonged1 ,reason for1 #i ,life-table of #a1jjj ,souls1 #de1 #df ,vitiated by ,anxiety for1 #hd ,light1 ,electric1 ,incandescent1 ,best1 #dj ,liquor ,remedy1 ,high ,license1 #cf ,liquors ,consumed in ,u4 ,s41 ,value of1 #hh ,lockjaw1 ,successful ,treatment of1 #abi ,london ,cemeteries1 ,condition of1 #cc-ce ,longevity1 #ff-gh by ,dr4 ,maurice1 #gc-gf ,curiosities of1 ,dr4 ,oswald1 #fi1 #gc ,possible ,without ,virtues1 #i1 #ab ,statistics ,regarding1 #ff ,longman's ,magazine on ,vegetable ,diet1 #aba ,love1 ,those ,deserving1 #ec ,luncheon1 ,menu1 #be1 #bf ,macdonald1 ,geo41 ,neighbor of1 #eb ,mackay1 ,chas41 on ,love's ,subjects1 #ec ,malaria and ,irrigation1 by ,w4 ,s4 ,green1 #acj-acc ,chills and ,fever1 ,cures for1 #acc ,new ,theory by ,w4 ,s4 ,green on1 #acj-acc ,maladies and ,ills ,cured1 #gi-afj ,man1 ,oldest1 #fi ,marriage1 ,facts ,regarding1 #fb1 #abi1 #acj ,physical ,degeneration1 ,m4 ,huth on1 #acj ,married ,life1 ,is ,it a ,failure81 #fb1 #fc ,maxims for ,health1 #da-dc ,measles ,contrasted with ,small-pox1 #aae ,meats1 ,how ,best ,prepared1 #be ,kind and ,quality of1 #be ,men1 ,oldest1 #fi ,microbes and ,bacilli in ,water1 #ba ,milk1 ,purity1 ,how ,ascertained1 #abb ,minister1 ,teacher1 and ,physician1 #g ,minister's ,opinion of ,evil1 #cf ,misconceivements1 #dc1 #dd ,miser ,centenarians1 #ac ,mistakes of ,life1 #ec ,morality1 ,aids to1 #eh ,municipalities1 ,duties of1 #cb ,naphtha1 a ,female ,intoxicant1 #ia1 #ib ,nelly ,bly's ,experience with ,doctors1 #f ,nervousness and ,worry1 #acd ,nicotine in ,tobacco1 ,deadly ,poison1 #adh1 #adi ,nose-bleed1 ,remedy for1 #if ,obesity and ,thinness1 ,treatment for1 #acd ,oldest ,man ,living in ,u4 ,s4 in #ahij1 #ff ,patti's ,formula for ,health1 #af ,physician1 ,minister1 and ,teacher1 #g ,piles1 ,remedy for1 #ace ,poem1 ,deserving ,love1 by ,chas4 ,mackay1 #ec ,heart's ,test1 by ,ella ,w4 ,wilcox1 #ea ,milton's ,adam to ,angel1 #c ,the ,two ,workers1 #ef ,where ,do ,you ,live8 by ,josephine ,pollard1 #ef-eh ,poisons and ,antidotes1 #ace-aci ,mineral1 #acf-aci ,taken with ,impunity1 #ac ,vegetable1 #ace ,politeness1 ,health ,interfering1 #ah ,pork1 ,disease ,producing1 #bf ,unfit for ,food1 #bf ,practical ,knowledge1 ,health ,begetting1 #ad ,prevention of ,accidents1 #he-hg ,prohibitionist's ,reason for ,longevity1 #aa ,public ,fountains a ,necessity1 #ce ,urinals 1 #cg ,quaker's ,life ,prolonged1 ,why8 #aa or ,friends1 ,average ,life of1 #aa ,quinsy1 etc41 ,prescription for1 #aeb ,regularity1 ,first ,consideration ,is1 #h ,religionist's ,reason for ,long ,life1 #aa ,religious ,perceptions1 #ee ,remedies for ,alcoholism1 #ib ,diseases1 #gi-afj ,supplemental ,list1 #aei1 #afj ,rest1 ,one ,day in ,seven ,necessary1 #ch ,rheumatism1 ,prevention and ,cure of1 #aci1 #adj ,rupture or ,hernia1 ,cure for1 #abe ,sanitation and ,sanity1 #hj ,sanitary ,house ,building1 #ch-da ,scientific ,education1 ,practical ,knowledge1 #ad ,scientist's ,reasons for ,longevity1 #aa ,sea-bathing1 ,effects of1 #ie ,seasickness1 ,how to ,prevent1 #adj ,selfishness ,excusable in ,tax-payer1 #ca1 #cb ,sleep1 ,hours ,required1 #bj1 #adj-adb ,position of ,body ,during1 #ada ,small-pox and ,vaccination1 #adb ,contrasted with ,measles1 #aae ,smoking1 ,evil ,effects of1 #adh-aeb ,pasteur's ,substitute1 ,camphor1 #aej ,snake-bites1 ,remedy for1 #ade ,social ,evil1 ,grand ,jury's ,report of1 #cf1 #cg ,society and ,church ,duties1 #cg ,sound ,health1 ,secret of1 #hc ,spectacles1 ,when to ,use1 #aah ,stimulants1 ,most ,healthful1 #bd ,strychnine ,taken with ,impunity1 #ac ,substances1 ,foreign1 ,removal of1 #aci ,sulsonal1 a ,new ,opiate1 #dh ,sunday1 or ,one ,day1 for ,rest1 #ch ,superstitions of the ,world1 #adc-ade ,supplemental ,list of ,remedies1 #aei1 #afj ,tanks for ,water1 ,death-traps1 #cb ,tape-worms1 ,cure for1 #adf ,tax-payer1 ,selfishness ,excusable in the1 #ca1 #cb ,teacher1 ,minister1 and ,physician1 #g ,teeth1 ,painless ,extraction of1 #afj ,treatment of the1 #ag1 #bj ,ten ,health ,commandments1 #bh ,temperament1 by ,ella ,wheeler ,wilcox1 #ea1 #eb ,temperance ,not ,necessary to ,longevity1 #ab ,temperature for ,food and ,drinks1 #ab ,thinness and ,obesity1 ,treatment for1 #acd ,tobacco ,habit1 ,dr4 ,dudley on1 #adf ,experiments ,regarding1 #aej ,authorities on1 #adf-aeb ,tonsillitis1 etc41 ,prescription for1 #aeb ,toothache1 ,remedy for1 #adf ,typhoid ,fever1 ,substances ,affected by1 #dg ,ulcerated ,sore ,throat1 ,remedy for1 #aeb ,under-garments1 ,important ,function of1 #aaa-aac ,urinals1 ,public1 a ,necessity1 #cg ,vaccination and ,small-pox1 #adb ,vegetable ,diet1 ,why ,preferred1 #aba1 #abb ,vegetarian ,restaurants in ,london1 #abb ,virtues1 ,rank of the1 #h ,vital ,statistics1 #aj1 #aeb1 #aec ,principal ,cities1 #di ,voice1 ,drinks for the1 #abd ,essential ,elements in the1 #aed ,treatment of the1 #aec1 #aed ,warts1 ,remedies for1 #aed ,water1 ,detection of ,impurities in1 #aed-aef ,filtration of1 #aed-aef ,pollution ,remedy1 #aef ,when to ,drink1 #aee ,water-tanks1 ,uncleanly1 #cb ,weariness1 ,different ,phases of1 #dd ,treatment for1 #dd ,what ,we ,inherit1 #fc-fe ,where ,do ,you ,live8 by ,josephine ,pollard1 #ef ,whooping-cough1 ,positive ,cure for1 #aef1aeg ,wilcox1 ,ella ,wheeler1 on ,temperament1 #ea1 #eb ,wisdom1 ,prerequisites for1 #ed ,workers1 the ,two1 #ef ,worry and ,nervousness1 #acd ,yellow ,fever1 ,statistics and ,treatment of1 #aeg1 #aeh ,,adjusting ,,spectacles ,to suit the various conditions of sight a specialty4 ,no other optician has or can get such facilities as are found at this establishment1 because the instruments used for measuring the strength of the eye are my own invention and patent1 and the only ones ever invented that will give the exact amount of imperfection in one's sight4 ,illustration3 ,l4,a4 ,,berteling ,,scientific ,,the ,,only ,,reliable ,,optician #dbg ,,kearny ,,st4 ,my ,own ,invented ,instruments are the very ,best ever ,made for ,measuring ,defective ,sight4 ,i value my ,reputation4 ,my ,own ,discovered ,method is the only ,accurate one by which to ,determine ,imperfections of the ,eye ,i guarantee ,satisfaction4 ,,berteling',s ,,inventions3 ,demonstrative ,ophthalmoscope1 ,compound ,optometer1 ,eyeglasses1 ,refraction ,ophthalmoscope1 ,simple ,optometer1 ,charts1 ,centralizing ,prisometer1 ,myopic ,scale1 ,objective4 ,,my ,,success ,,has ,,been ,,due ,,to ,,the ,,merits ,,of ,,my ,,work4 ,,the ,,annual ,,statistician ,,and ,,economist1 ,illustration3 ,,by ,l4 ,p4 ,mc,c,a,r,t,y4 ,published between ,march and ,june of each year4 ,price1 in ,cloth #d4jj ,leather #e4jj ,the above work has been published annually since #ahgf 7fourteen volumes74 ,the set makes a most complete encyclopaedia of the events and discoveries in art1 science and literature the world over during those and previous years4 ,the work has become a recognized authority on all statistical matters throughout the world4 ,complete ,sets of the above ,work may be had of the undersigned on reasonable terms4 ,send for circular giving full particulars4 ,address1 ,,samuel ,,carson ,,co41 ,,booksellers1 #bjh ,,post ,,street1 ,,san ,,francisco1 ,,cal4 ,a ,,home ,,industry4 ,,the ,,pioneer ,,and ,,only ,,printing ,,ink ,,manufactory ,,on ,,the ,,pacific ,,coast4 ,e4 ,j4 ,,shattuck ,,co41 ,,manufacturers ,,of ,,printing ,,and ,,lithographic ,,inks1 ,,printers' ,,rollers ,,and ,,composition4 #ebj ,commercial ,st41 and #ebe ,clay ,st41 ,san ,francisco1 ,cal4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the paper used in this book was furnished by 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,the ,graham ,paper ,company1 of ,st4 ,louis4 ,san ,francisco ,office1 #ebg ,commercial ,street4 ,w4 ,g4 ,,richardson1 ,pacific ,coast ,manager4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,copperine1 the ,new ,type ,metal4 ,the ,only ,perfect ,amalgam of ,tin1 ,copper1 ,antimony and ,lead4 ,we call the special attention of printers to our new ,type ,metal1 ,,copperine which is the result of years of experiments4 ,all of our type is now made of this new amalgam1 and it is warranted to have better lasting qualities than any other type made in the ,united ,states1 and with publishers who use perfecting presses and stereotype their forms1 ,,copperine type will soon be the favorite1 as it will stand the stereotype process better than any type now in use4 ,,palmer ,,rey1 ,,portland1 ,,or4 ,,san ,,francisco1 ,,cal4 ,,galveston1 ,,tex4 ,,pure ,,water6 ,,pure ,,water6 ,,the ,,best ,,water ,,filter ,,in ,,the ,,world ,,is ,,the ,illustration ,,gate ,,city4 ,the filtering medium is a natural stone1 mined from the earth4 ,it is unlike any other stone4 ,,impurities ,,never ,,penetrate ,,it6 ,it does not absorb and become foul4 ,,no ,,metal ,,in ,,these ,,filters ,,to ,,poison ,,the ,,water4 ,i have in use one of these filters4 ,it gives perfect satisfaction2 it is the best ,i have seen4--,l4 ,p4 ,mc,c,a,r,t,y1 ,san ,francisco1 ,cal4 ,send for catalogue4 ,address1 ,,wiester ,,company1 #ag ,new ,montgomery ,st41 ,san ,francisco1 ,cal4 ,,manuf',s ,,and ,,dealers ,,in ,,useful ,,inventions4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illustration3 ,,bethesda ,pure1 ,refreshing and ,health-,giving ,water4 ,so delicately proportioned in mineral qualities by nature as to make it agreeable and wholesome in health1 and in cases of ,,diabetes and ,,bright',s ,,disease1 or any disease affecting the kidneys1 more benefit will be derived from it in #bd hours than from any medicine known to science in three months4 ,l4 ,,cahen ,,son1 ,general ,agts4 ,pacific ,coast1 #dah ,sacramento ,st41 ,,san ,,francisco4 ,,pacific ,electric ,belt and ,truss ,company4 ,illustration3 ,pacific ,electric ,pad ,truss ,,in ,,position ,,rupture ,,positively ,,cured4 ,a ,,new ,,invention4 ,rupture in all forms successfully retained and cured4 ,no interference with business4 ,no surgical operation4 ,no discomfort4 ,absolutely safe4 ,consultations free4 ,satisfaction guaranteed4 ,i was cured of ,hernia of #be years' standing by the above-named truss4--,l4 ,p4 ,mc,c,a,r,t,y4 99 99 99 99 99 ,holbrook's ,electric ,catarrh ,cure4 ,one bottle positively cures the worst case2 prompt1 agreeable1 convenient1 effective4 ,price1 one dollar per bottle2 sent by mail on receipt of price1 and if not satisfactory the money refunded4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illustration3 ,duplex ,galvanic ,belt ,for ,lady or ,gentleman ,,the ,,best ,,in ,,the ,,world4 ,,the ,,duplex ,,galvanic ,,belts1 ,for the cure of ,general ,debility1 ,nervous ,prostration1 ,rheumatism1 ,paralysis1 ,constipation1 and those troubles peculiar to ladies4 ,call and read letters from all parts of the country1 attesting their wonderful curative powers4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,we ,,also ,,manufacture ,dr4 ,sheerwood's ,electric ,abdominal ,supporters1 for ,ladies4 ,these garments are a boon to expectant mothers1 during the period of gestation1 and for the speedy cure of all ovarian and womb troubles1 the perfect correcting of all cases of deranged menstruation1 etc41 etc4 99 99 99 99 99 ,send for descriptive catalogue1 with hundreds of testimonials1 free on application4 ,address1 ,,pacific ,,electric ,,belt ,,and ,,truss ,,co41 #djh ,,stockton ,,street1 ,,san ,,francisco1 ,,cal4 ,,remington ,,standard ,illustration3 ,,type ,,writer4 ,for ,fifteen ,years the ,standard1 and ,constantly ,improving4 ,the ,embodiment of all ,most ,valuable ,type-writer ,improvements of ,recent ,years1 and ,excels all ,machines in ,speed1 ,durability1 and ,ease of ,manipulation4 ,g4 ,g4 ,,wickson ,,co41 #c and #e ,front ,st41 ,s4 ,f41 ,cal4 99 99 99 99 99 ,annual ,statistician and ,economist1 ,,reviewed ,,by ,,the ,,argonaut1 of ,s4 ,f41 ,april #ba1 #ahij4 ,mc,carty's ',annual ,statistician4'--,the fourteenth edition of ',the ,annual ,statistician and ,economist1' prepared by ,l4 ,p4 ,mc,carty1 has just been issued1 bringing the record up to the fifth day of ,april1 #ahij4 ,this work deservedly ranks among the foremost statistical publications of the world1 and is the most useful and valuable to ,californians1 inasmuch as it treats most fully of local topic1 as do ,macmillan's ',year ,book' of ,english affairs1 the ',american ,almanac' of ,united ,states and ,new ,york affairs1 etc4 ,it is by no means a local publication1 however2 it summarizes the history of mankind--in war1 politics1 religion1 education1 science1 and material progress--in wonderfully brief space1 and it is so systematically arranged that1 by table of contents or index1 one may find almost any desired information on the widest possible range of knowledge at a moment's notice4 ,it is arranged in four divisions3 ,the ,united ,states1 the political and military history of the ,union1 the personnel of the government1 the distribution of population1 and statistics of production1 of illiteracy1 of immigration1 of export and import1 etc42 ,the ,world1 in which the other political divisions of the globe are similarly analyzed1 though not so minutely2 ,the ,practical1 giving tables of mensuration1 rapid methods of calculation1 value of coins1 and other facts about material things2 and1 ,the ,miscellany1 in which are crowded what information could not well be included in the other chapters4 ,as the ',annual ,statistician' is issued between ,march and ,june each year1 it can summarize the reports of officials and other important sources of information which are not available for similar publications which appear soon after the end of the year1 and to indicate the compiler's assiduity in his task1 it may be mentioned that a leaf has been inserted in the present volume supplementing the record of events with a list of 'principal occurrences while binding1' including ,february and ,march4 ,published by ,l4 ,p4 ,mc,carty1 ,san ,francisco2 for sale by the book sellers2 price1 per cloth1 #d4jj2 black leather1 #e4jj4 ,,waterhouse ,,lester1 ,importers and ,dealers in ,hardwood ,lumber1 ,carriage and ,wagon ,material1 ,wheels1 ,bodies1 ,gears1 ,axles1 ,springs1 ,tire ,steel1 and ,carriage and ,wagon ,,tops4 ,pacific ,coast agents for ,crown ,shaft ,anti-,rattlers and ,always ,there ,lubricant4 #af to #bb ,beale ,street1 ,san ,francisco1 ,cal4 99 99 99 99 99 ,gold1 ,silver and ,nickel ,plating4 ,illustration ,every ,description of ,metal ,goods1 ,plated ,tableware1 and all kinds of ,house ,goods ,repaired and ,plated ,equal to ,new4 ,silver ,plated ,amalgam ,plates1 for ,saving ,gold in ,quartz and ,placer ,mining4 ,,san ,,francisco ,,plating ,,works1 #fec ,,and #fee ,,mission ,,street1 ,san ,francisco1 ,cal4 ,e4 ,g4 ,,denniston1 ,prop4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illustration ,,pacific --' ,,saw ,,manfg4 ,,co4 ,saws of every description on hand and made to order4 #ag #ai ,fremont ,street1 ,,san ,,francisco1 ,,cal4 99 99 99 99 99 ,duncan1 and ,garcin ,son's ,timber ,jacks2 ,h4 ,royer's ,lace ,leather2 ,planing ,knives2 ,curriers' ,knives4 ,agents for ,c4 ,b4 ,paul's ,files4 ,,beamish ,,custom-,,made ,shirts4 ,importer and ,manufacturer of ,gents' ,furnishing ,goods1 ,underwear1 ,gloves1 ,handkerchiefs1 ,collars1 ,etc4 ,,nucleus ,,building1 ,,cor4 ,,market ,,third ,,sts41 ,,san ,,francisco1 ,,california4 99 99 99 99 99 ,bookkeeping1 ,shorthand1 ,type-writing1 ,telegraphy1 ,,penmanship1 ,,english ,,branches1 ,,etc4 ,illustration3 ,,pacific ,business ,college1 #cbj ,,post ,,st4 ,,san ,,francisco4 ,individual ,instruction4 ,no ,vacations4 ,,ladies ,,admitted ,,to ,,all ,,departments4 ,life ,scholarship1 ,full ,business ,course1--#ge4 ,send for ,circular4 ,t4 ,a4 ,,robinson1 ,m4 ,a41 ,president4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illustration ,a ,,splendid ,,stock ,of ,common ,sense ,shoes kept constantly on hand1 superior goods only1 at bedrock prices1 at ,kast's1 #gch #gdj ,,market ,,st41 ,s4 ,f4 ,,branch3 ,broadway1 ,oakland4 ,,the ,,pacific ,mutual ,life ,insurance ,company of ,california1 #dah ,,california ,,st41 ,,san ,,francisco4 ,geo4 ,a4 ,moore1 ,president4 ,geo4 ,w4 ,beaver1 ,vice-,pres4 ,thos4 ,bennet1 ,supt4 ,j4 ,n4 ,patton1 ,secretary4 ,s4 ,m4 ,marks1 ,asst4 ,sec4 ,h4 ,f4 ,band1 ,asst4 ,supt4 ,,life ,,and ,,accident ,,insurance4 ,,organized #ahfh4 ,assets1 #b1bej1jjj4 ,paid on ,policy-,holders' ,acct41 #d1cjj1jjj4 ,policy ,contracts unsurpassed4 ,claims paid on presentation of satisfactory proof's4 ,for ,policy ,holders the best legal organization4 99 99 99 99 99 ,w4 ,w4 ,montague ,co4 ,,mantels1 ,,grates1 ,,tiles4 ,,brass1 ,,bronze1 ,,steel1 ,,and ,,iron ,fire ,place ,trimmings4 ,warm ,air1 ,hot ,water1 and ,steam ,heating ,apparatus ,for ,warming ,churches1 ,halls1 ,school-,houses1 ,dwellings and ,public ,buildings4 ,wrought ,steel ,ranges4 #cji--cag ,,market ,,street1 ,,san ,,francisco4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,sherman1 ,,clay ,,co4 ,,importers1 ,,manuf',s ,,and ,,jobbers4 ,,pianos4 ,weber1 ,estey1 ,emerson1 ,,sold ,,on ,,installments ,at ,cash ,prices4 ,,guitars4 ,c4 ,f4 ,martin1 ,h4 ,l4 ,mason4 ,fairbanks ,cole ,banjos4 ,bohman ,mandolines4 ,organs4 ,estey1 ,story ,clark1 ,,manufacturers ,,of ,,church ,,pipe ,,organs4 ,band ,instruments4 ,strings1 ,accordions1 and ,,musical ,,merchandise4 ,sheet ,,music1 ,music ,books1 ,etc41 ,etc4 ,,corner ,kearny and ,sutter ,sts4 ,,san ,,francisco1 ,,cal4 ,illustration3 ,bird's-,eye ,view of the ,celebrated ,hotel ,del ,monte1 ,monterey1 ,california4 ,transcriber's ,notes3 ,page #bb ,add missing period4 44 its greatest velocity4 ,if inanimate 444 ,page #bb ,add missing period4 444 and beef at #ae4 ,page #ci ,correct spelling3 celler to cellar4 444 not from the cellar itself or 444 ,page #ci ,correct spelling3 unesthetic to unaesthetic4 444 and1 however unaesthetic1 varnished4 ,page #db ,correct spelling3 succintly to succinctly4 444 may find succinctly stated 444 ,page #ed ,correct spelling3 ,shakspere's to ,shakespeare's4 444 startling of ,shakespeare's plays1 444 ,page #ha ,change comma to period4 444 of sanitary value1 is disproved4 ,few doctors 444 ,page #ace ,correct spelling3 quaniny to quantity4 444with a sufficient quantity of cocoa 444 ,page #adi ,correct typo3 in-instantly to instantly4 ,page #aeb ,correct spelling3 conjuctiva to conjunctiva4 444 under the conjunctiva of an 444 ,page #aeb ,correct spelling3 ,tonsilitis to ,tonsillitis4 ,tonsillitis1 ,quinsy1 ,page #aff ,correct spelling3 ,tonsilitis to ,tonsillitis4 ,tonsillis1 etc41 444