file 0 produc$ f images produc$ by ,core ,hi/orical ,lit]ature 9 ,agriculture 7,,*la71 ,cornell ,univ]sity7 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,,transcrib]',s ,,notes3 ,,oe & oe repres5t ! oe ligature4 ,text pr9t$ 9 italics & boldface 9 ! orig9al are repres5t$ "h betwe5 "u- scores 7z 9 italics7 & equal signs 7z 9 boldface71 res- pectively4 ,text pr9t$ 9 small capitals 9 ! orig9al h be5 transcrib$ z ,,all ,,capitals4 ,m ,transcrib]'s ,notes w be f\nd at ! end ( ?is text4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,,%eep1 ,,sw9e1 ,,& ,,p\ltry2 ,,embrac+ ,,! ,,hi/ory ,,& ,,v>ieties ,,( ,,ea*2 ,,! ,,be/ ,,modes ,,( ,,bre$+2 ,,_! ,,fe$+ ,,& ,,managem5t2 ,,toge!r ,,) ,,! ,,diseases ,,to ,,:i* ,,!y ,,are ,,respectively ,,subject1 ,,& ,,! ,,appropriate ,,rem$ies ,,= ,,ea*4 ,,by ,,rob]t ,,j5n+s1 ,v4 ,s41 ,,pr(essor ,,( ,,pa?ology ,,& ,,op]ative ,,surg]y ,,9 ,,! ,,vet]9>y ,,college ,,( ,,philadelphia2 ,,late ,,pr(essor ,,( ,,vet]9>y ,,m$ic9e ,,9 ,,! ,,agricultural ,,college ,,( ,,ohio2 ,,secret>y ,,( ,,! ,,am]ican ,,vet]9>y ,,association ,,( ,,philadelphia2 ,,au?or ,,( ,,! ,,horse ,,& ,,8 ,,diseases1 ,,cattle ,,& ,,_! ,,diseases1 ,,etc41 ,,etc4 ,illu/ration ,) ,num]\s ,illu/rations4 ,,philadelphia3 ,,john ,e4 ,,pott] ,,& ,,company4 #fag ,,sansom ,,/reet ,ent]$ accord+ to ,act ( ,congress1 9 ! ye> #ahfd1 by ,,john ,e4 ,,pott]1 ,9 ! ,cl]k's ,(fice ( ! ,di/rict ,c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 9 & = ! ,ea/]n ,di/rict ( ,p5nsylvania4 ,,preface4 ,enc\rag$ by ! favorable reception ( 8 =m] works1 ! au?or pres5ts 9 ! foll[+ pages :at is int5d$ by him z a popul> comp5dium relative to ,%eep1 ,sw9e1 & ,p\ltry4 ,x w\ld n h be5 a difficult matt] to collect mat]ial be>+ ^u ea* di/9ct class suffici5t = an entire volume ( ! pres5t size4 ,inde$1 ! ma9 tr\ble exp]i5c$ has be5 ! select+ ( su* facts & sugge/ions only z seem$ to him ( p>am\nt practical importance4 ,he has n deem$ x advisable to cumb] 8 "w ) items ( in=mation :i* c\ld be ( s]vice to p>ticul> sections & localities only2 b has r endeavor$ to pres5t1 9 a concise1 yet compreh5sible %ape1 :atev] is ess5tial to be und]/ood conc]n+ ! animals 9 "q4 ,! amateur /ock-rais] & ! weal?y f>m] w1 ( c\rse1 call to _! aid all ! works1 no matt] h[ exp5sive or volum9\s1 :i* are to be f\nd be>+ ^u ! subject 9 :i* !y are = ! "t int]e/$4 ,! pres5t volume c sc>cely be expect$ to fill ! ni*e :i* su* might desire to see occupi$4 ,! au?or's exp]i5ce z a vet]9>y surgeon among ! great body ( our f>m]s conv9ces him t :at is ne$$ by !m 9 ! premises is a treatise1 ( conv5i5t size1 conta9+ ! ess5tial features ( ! treatm5t & managem5t ( ea*1 c\*$ 9 language free f te*nicality or r>ely sci5tific expressions1 & =tifi$ by ! results ( actual exp]i5ce ^u ! f>m4 ,su* a place ! au?or tru/s ?is "w may occupy4 ,he hopes t1 :ile x %all n be entirely de/itute ( int]e/ = any1 x w prove acceptable1 9 a peculi> degree1 to t num]\s & ?rifty class ( citiz5s to :i* allusion has already be5 made4 ,! importance ( su* a "w _c be ov]rat$4 ,take ! subject ( %eep = example3 ! /eadily gr[+ dem& = wooll5 goods ( e description is produc+ a great & lucrative developm5t ( ! wool trade4 ,ev5 light fabrics ( wool are n[ ext5sively pref]r$ ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry to ^? ( cotton4 ,our imports ( wool f ,engl& dur+ ! pa/ six ye>s h increas$ at an almo/ incr$ible rate1 :ile our productions ( ! article dur+ ! pa/ few ye>s greatly exce$ t ( ! same p]iod 9 any portion ( our hi/ory4 ,relative to sw9e1 moreov]1 x may be said t !y =m s consid]able an item ( our comm]ce t a ?or\gh in=mation z to ! be/ mode ( rais+ & c>+ = !m is highly desirable2 :ile our dome/ic p\ltry contribute s mu*1 directly & indirectly1 to ! com=t & p>tial subsi/5ce ( hundr$s ( ?\s&s1 t s5sible views t\*+ t division w be ( s]vice 9 almo/ e h\sehold4 ,to ^? :o are famili> ) ! au?or's previ\s works ^u ! ,horse & ,cattle1 x is ne$less to say any ?+ z to ! me?od adopt$ by him 9 discuss+ ! subject ( ,diseases4 ,to o!rs he w\ld say1 t only su* diseases are describ$ z are likely to be actually enc\nt]$1 & su* curatives recomm5d$ z 8 own p]sonal exp]i5ce1 or t ( o!rs ^u ^: judgm5t he relies1 has satisfi$ him are rational & valuable4 ,! foll[+ works1 among o!rs1 h be5 consult$3 ,r&all's ,%eep ,husb&ry2 ,y\att on ,%eep2 ,goodale's ,bre$+ ( ,dome/ic ,animals2 ,all5's ,dome/ic ,animals2 ,/eph5s's ,book ( ! ,f>m2 ,y\att on ! ,hog2 ,ri*>dson on ! ,hog2 ,dixon & ,k]r's ,ornam5tal & ,dome/ic ,p\ltry2 ,b5nett's ,p\ltry ,book2 & ,br[ne's ,am]ican ,p\ltry ,y>d4 ,to ^? pr(essional bre?r5 :o h s c\rte\sly furni%$ him ) valuable in=mation1 gr[+ out ( _! own obs]vation & practice1 he ackn[l$ges himself especially indebt$2 & 7 he c]ta9 t !y w\ld n take (f5ce1 he w\ld be pleas$ to m5tion !m "h by "n4 ,%\ld ! "w prove ( s]vice to our intellig5t ,am]ican f>m]s & /ock-bre$]s z a body1 ! au?or's end w h be5 atta9$4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,%eep ,,& ,,_! ,,diseases4 ,,page ,,hi/ory ,,& ,,v>ieties #ae ,,am]ican ,,%eep #ba ,native ,%eep #bb ,! ,spani% ,m]9o #be ,! ,saxon ,m]9o #cf ,! ,new ,leice/] #da ,! ,s\?-,d[n #dg ,! ,cotswold #eb ,! ,*eviot #ed ,! ,l9coln #ef ,,natural ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,%eep #eg ,=mation ( ! ,tee? #ei ,/ructure ( ! ,sk9 #fc ,anatomy ( ! ,wool #fd ,long ,wool #gf ,middle ,wool #gh ,%ort ,wool #hj ,,cross+ ,,& ,,bre$+ #ha ,,bre$+ #ha ,po9ts ( ! ,m]9o #ic ,bre$+ ,m]9os #ig ,g5]al ,pr9ciples ( ,bre$+ #ajf ,use ( ,rams #aab ,lamb+ #aag ,managem5t ( ,lambs #aba ,ca/ration & ,dock+ #abg ,,fe$+ ,,& ,,managem5t #abi ,,fe$+ #abi ,%ade #acc ,f5ces #acc ,hoppl+ #acc ,dang]\s ,rams #acd ,prairie ,fe$+ #ace ,fall ,fe$+ #acg ,w9t] ,fe$+ #acg ,fe$+ ) o!r ,/ock #adb ,division ( ,flocks #adb ,regul>ity 9 ,fe$+ #adc ,effect ( ,food #add ,y>ds #adf ,fe$+-,racks #adg ,tr\ghs #aej ,b>ns & ,%$s #aea ,%$s #aee ,hay-,hold] #aef ,tagg+ #aeg ,wa%+ #afj ,cutt+ ! ,ho(s #afe ,%e>+ #aff ,cold ,/orms #aga ,sun-,scald #aga ,ticks #aga ,m>k+ or ,br&+ #agb ,maggots #agc ,%ort5+ ! ,horns #agd ,selection & ,division #agd ,! ,crook #agf ,driv+ & ,slaught]+ #agg ,driv+ #agg ,po9ts ( ,fat ,%eep #aha ,slaught]+ #ahd ,cutt+ ,up #ahf ,relative qualities #ahg ,contributions to ,manufactures #aia ,,diseases ,,& ,,_! ,,rem$ies #aie ,,adm9i/]+ ,,m$ic9e #aig ,,ble$+ #aig ,,feel+ ,,! ,,pulse #aii ,apoplexy #bjj ,braxy #bja ,bron*itis #bja ,cat>rh #bjb ,malignant ,epizooetic ,cat>rh #bjc ,colic #bje ,co/iv5ess #bjf ,di>rhoea #bjf ,disease ( ! ,biflex ,canal #bjg ,dys5t]y #bjh ,flies #bji ,f\ls #bji ,fractures #baj ,g>get #baa ,goitre #baa ,grub 9 ! ,head #bab ,ho(-,ail #bad ,hoove #bbe ,hydatid on ! ,bra9 #bbf ,ob/ruction ( ! ,gullet #bbh ,oph?almia #bbi ,palsy #bbi ,pelt-,rot #bcj ,pneumonia #bcj ,poison #bcc ,rot #bcc ,scab #bcf ,small-,pox #bci ,sore ,face #bdb ,sore ,m\? #bdc ,ticks #bdc ,,illu/rations4 ,a ,,leice/] ,,ram #ae ,,rocky ,,m\nta9 ,,%eep #ai ,a ,,m]9o ,,ram #be ,a ,,spani% ,,%eep-,,dog #bh ,,out ,,at ,,pa/ure #ce ,a ,,c\ntry ,,sc5e #da ,a ,,s\?-,,d[n ,,ram #dg ,,! ,,cotswold #eb ,a ,,*eviot ,,ewe #ed ,,skeleton ,,( ,,! ,,%eep ,,z ,,cov]$ ,,by ,,! ,,muscles #eg ,,! ,,walla*ian ,,%eep #fd ,,! ,,happy ,,trio #ha ,,! ,,scot* ,,%eep-,,dog ,,or ,,colley #ajj ,,ewe ,,& ,,lambs #aag ,,fe$+ ,,& ,,managem5t #abi ,a ,,cov]$ ,,salt+-,,box #acj ,a ,,conv5i5t ,,box-,,rack #adg ,a ,,hole-,,rack #adh ,,! ,,hopp]-,,rack #aej ,,an ,,economical ,,%eep-,,tr\gh #aea ,,%eep-,,b>n ,,) ,,%$s #aeb ,a ,,%$ ,,( ,,rails #aee ,,wa%+ ,,app>atus #afb ,,toe-,,nipp]s #aff ,,fleece #afg ,,%eph]d',s ,,crook #agf ,,! ,,%eph]d ,,& ,,8 ,,flock #agi ,,drov]',s ,,or ,,but*]',s ,,dog #ahe ,,quiet ,,enjoym5t #aie ,,an ,,engli% ,,rack ,,= ,,fe$+ ,,%eep #bjc ,a ,,b>rack ,,= ,,/or+ ,,%eep ,,fodd] #bbh ,,! ,,broad-,,tail$ ,,%eep #bcf ,,sw9e ,,& ,,_! ,,diseases4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,hi/ory ,,& ,,bre$s #bde 7#g7 ,,am]ican ,,sw9e #bed 7#af7 ,! ,byefield #bef 7#ah7 ,! ,b$=d #bef 7#ah7 ,! ,leice/] #beg 7#ai7 ,! ,york%ire #beg 7#ai7 ,! ,*9ese #beh 7#bj7 ,! ,suffolk #bfj 7#bb7 ,! ,b]k%ire #bfa 7#bc7 ,,natural ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,hog #bfc 7#be7 ,=mation ( ! ,tee? #bfe 7#bg7 ,,bre$+ ,,& ,,managem5t #bfg 7#bi7 ,,bre$+ #bfg 7#bi7 ,po9ts ( a ,good ,hog #bgd 7#cf7 ,treatm5t dur+ ,pregnancy #bgf 7#ch7 ,abortion #bgg 7#ci7 ,p>turition #bgi 7#da7 ,treatm5t :ile ,suckl+ #bhb 7#dd7 ,treatm5t ( ,"y ,pigs #bhc 7#de7 ,ca/ration #bhd 7#df7 ,spay+ #bhf 7#dh7 ,wean+ #bhg 7#di7 ,r++ #bhi 7#ea7 ,fe$+ & ,fatt5+ #bij 7#eb7 ,pigg]ies #bie 7#eg7 ,slaught]+ #bih 7#fj7 ,pickl+ & ,cur+ #cjj 7#fb7 ,value ( ! ,c>cass #cjd 7#ff7 ,,diseases ,,& ,,_! ,,rem$ies #cjg 7#fi7 ,cat*+ ! ,pig #cjh 7#gj7 ,ble$+ #cji 7#ga7 ,dr5*+ #caj 7#gb7 ,cat>rh #caj 7#gb7 ,*ol]a #caa 7#gc7 ,crack+s #cad 7#gf7 ,di>rhoea #cad 7#gf7 ,fev] #cae 7#gg7 ,f\l ,sk9 #cag 7#gi7 ,inflammation ( ! ,lungs #cag 7#gi7 ,jaundice #cah 7#hj7 ,leprosy #cai 7#ha7 ,le?>gy #cai 7#ha7 ,mange #cbj 7#hb7 ,measles #cbb 7#hd7 ,murra9 #cbc 7#he7 ,qu9sy #cbc 7#he7 ,/agg]s #cbc 7#he7 ,swell+ ( ! ,sple5 #cbc 7#he7 ,surfeit #cbe 7#hg7 ,tumors #cbe 7#hg7 ,,illu/rations4 ,,! ,,wild ,,bo> #bde 7#g7 ,,! ,,wild ,,bo> ,,at ,,bay #beb 7#ad7 ,,! ,,*9ese ,,hog #bei 7#ba7 ,,! ,,suffolk #bfj 7#bb7 ,a ,,b]k%ire ,,bo> #bfa 7#bc7 ,,skeleton ,,( ,,! ,,hog ,,z ,,cov]$ ,,by ,,! ,,muscles #bfc 7#be7 ,,! ,,old ,,c\ntry ,,well #bfg 7#bi7 ,,wild ,,hogs #bgi 7#da7 ,,! ,,old ,,engli% ,,hog #bii 7#fa7 ,a ,,wick$-,,look+ ,,specim5 #cjg 7#fi7 ,,hunt+ ,,! ,,wild ,,bo> #cae 7#gg7 ,,p\ltry ,,& ,,_! ,,diseases4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,hi/ory ,,& ,,v>ieties #cbg 7#g7 ,,! ,,dome/ic ,,f[l #cbg 7#g7 ,! ,bantam #ccj 7#aj7 ,! ,african ,bantam #cca 7#aa7 ,! ,bolton ,gray #ccc 7#ac7 ,! ,blue ,dun #ccd 7#ad7 ,! ,*ittagong #cce 7#ae7 ,! ,co*9 ,*9a #ccf 7#af7 ,! ,cuckoo #cci 7#ai7 ,! ,dom9ique #cdj 7#bj7 ,! ,dork+ #cdj 7#bj7 ,! ,fawn-color$ ,dork+ #cdc 7#bc7 ,! ,black ,dork+ #cdc 7#bc7 ,! ,dunghill ,f[l #cdd 7#bd7 ,! ,frizzl$ ,f[l #cdd 7#bd7 ,! ,game ,f[l #cde 7#be7 ,! ,mexican ,h5-,cock #cdg 7#bg7 ,! ,wild ,indian ,game #cdh 7#bh7 ,! ,spani% ,game #cdh 7#bh7 ,! ,gueld]l& #cdi 7#bi7 ,! ,spangl$ ,hamburgh #cej 7#cj7 ,! ,gold5 ,spangl$ #cej 7#cj7 ,! ,silv] ,spangl$ #cea 7#ca7 ,! ,java #ceb 7#cb7 ,! ,j]sey-,blue #ceb 7#cb7 ,! ,l>k-,cre/$ ,f[l #ceb 7#cb7 ,! ,malay #ced 7#cd7 ,! ,pheasant-,malay #cef 7#cf7 ,! ,plym\? ,rock #ceg 7#cg7 ,! ,pol& #ceh 7#ch7 ,! ,black ,poli% #cfj 7#dj7 ,! ,gold5 ,pol&s #cfa 7#da7 ,! ,silv] ,pol&s #cfc 7#dc7 ,! ,black-topp$ ,:ite #cfd 7#dd7 ,! ,%anghae #cfd 7#dd7 ,! ,:ite ,%anghae #cfg 7#dg7 ,! ,silv] ,pheasant #cfh 7#dh7 ,! ,spani% #cfi 7#di7 ,,natural ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,dome/ic ,,f[ls #cgb 7#eb7 ,! ,gu9ea ,f[l #cgh 7#eh7 ,! ,pea ,f[l #cha 7#fa7 ,! ,turkey #chf 7#ff7 ,! ,wild ,turkey #chf 7#ff7 ,! ,dome/ic ,turkey #cia 7#ga7 ,! ,duck #cid 7#gd7 ,! ,wild ,duck #cif 7#gf7 ,! ,dome/ic ,duck #cih 7#gh7 ,! ,goose #djb 7#hb7 ,! ,wild ,goose #djb 7#hb7 ,! ,dome/ic ,goose #djd 7#hd7 ,! ,b]nacle ,goose #djg 7#hg7 ,! ,brem5 ,goose #dji 7#hi7 ,! ,br5t ,goose #daj 7#ij7 ,! ,*9a ,goose #daa 7#ia7 ,! ,:ite ,*9a #dac 7#ic7 ,! ,egyptian ,goose #dad 7#id7 ,! ,java ,goose #dae 7#ie7 ,! ,t\l\se ,goose #dae 7#ie7 ,! ,:ite-front$ ,goose #daf 7#if7 ,! ,anatomy ( ! ,egg #dag 7#ig7 ,,bre$+ ,,& ,,managem5t #dba 7#aja7 ,,bre$+ #dba 7#aja7 ,high ,bre$+ #dbb 7#ajb7 ,selection ( ,/ock #dbi 7#aji7 ,fe$+ #dcb 7#aab7 ,bran #dce 7#aae7 ,millet #dcf 7#aaf7 ,rice #dcf 7#aaf7 ,potatoes #dcf 7#aaf7 ,gre5 ,food #dcg 7#aag7 ,e>?-,worms #dcg 7#aag7 ,animal ,food #dch 7#aah7 ,insects #dci 7#aai7 ,lay+ #dci 7#aai7 ,pres]vation ( ,eggs #ddc 7#abc7 ,*oice ( ,eggs = ,sett+ #ddf 7#abf7 ,incubation #ddi 7#abi7 ,incubation ( ,turkeys #dec 7#acc7 ,incubation ( ,geese #ded 7#acd7 ,re>+ ( ! ,"y #dee 7#ace7 ,re>+ ( ,gu9ea ,f[ls #deh 7#ach7 ,re>+ ( ,turkeys #dei 7#aci7 ,re>+ ( ,duckl+s #dfa 7#ada7 ,re>+ ( ,gosl+s #dfc 7#adc7 ,caponiz+ #dfd 7#add7 ,fatt5+ & ,slaught]+ #dfh 7#adh7 ,slaught]+ & ,dress+ #dgb 7#aeb7 ,p\ltry-,h\ses #dgd 7#aed7 ,,diseases ,,& ,,_! ,,rem$ies #dgh 7#aeh7 ,a/hma #dgi 7#aei7 ,co/iv5ess #dhj 7#afj7 ,di>rhoea #dha 7#afa7 ,fev] #dhb 7#afb7 ,indige/ion #dhb 7#afb7 ,lice #dhc 7#afc7 ,loss ( ,fea!rs #dhe 7#afe7 ,pip #dhe 7#afe7 ,r\p #dhh 7#afh7 ,w\nds & ,sores #dij 7#agj7 ,,illu/rations4 ,,v>ieties ,,( ,,f[l #cbg 7#g7 ,,! ,,bantam #cca 7#aa7 ,,bantam #ccb 7#ab7 ,,bolton ,,grays ,,or ,,creole ,,f[l #ccc 7#ac7 ,,co*9 ,,*9as #ccg 7#ag7 ,,:ite ,,dork+s #cda 7#ba7 ,,gray ,,game ,,f[ls #cdf 7#bf7 ,,gueld]l&s #cdi 7#bi7 ,,hamburgh ,,f[ls #cej 7#cj7 ,,malays #ced 7#cd7 ,,pol& ,,f[ls #cei 7#ci7 ,,%anghaes #cfe 7#de7 ,,:ite ,,%anghaes #cfg 7#dg7 ,,spani% ,,f[ls #cfi 7#di7 ,,! ,,gu9ea ,,f[l #cgi 7#ei7 ,,! ,,pea ,,f[l #chb 7#fb7 ,,! ,,wild ,,turkey #chf 7#ff7 ,,! ,,dome/ic ,,turkey #cib 7#gb7 ,,! ,,eid] ,,duck #cie 7#ge7 ,,wild ,,duck #cig 7#gg7 ,,r\5 ,,duck #cii 7#gi7 ,,wild ,,or ,,canada ,,goose #djc 7#hc7 ,a ,,brem5 ,,goose #dji 7#hi7 ,,*9a ,,or ,,hong ,,kong ,,goose #daa 7#ia7 ,,b>ny>d ,,sc5e #dba 7#aja7 ,,fight+ ,,cocks #dbi 7#aji7 ,,on ,,! ,,wat* #ddj 7#abj7 ,,m>quee ,,or ,,t5t-,,%ap$ ,,coops #def 7#acf7 ,,duck-,,pond ,,& ,,h\ses #dfa 7#ada7 ,a ,,bad ,,/yle ,,( ,,slaught]+ #dfh 7#adh7 ,,ru/ic ,,p\ltry-,,h\se #dge 7#aee7 ,a ,,fancy ,,coop ,,9 ,,*9ese ,,or ,,go?ic ,,/yle #dgf 7#aef7 ,,among ,,! ,,/raw #dgh 7#aeh7 ,,prairie ,,h5s #dhc 7#afc7 ,,swans #dhh 7#afh7 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,leice/] ,,ram4 ,,hi/ory ,,& ,,v>ieties ,) a s+le exception--t ( ! dog--!re is no memb] ( ! bea/ family :i* pres5ts s great a div]sity ( size1 color1 =m1 cov]+1 & g5]al appe>ance1 z *>act]izes ! %eep2 & none occupy a wid] range ( climate1 or subsi/ on a great] v>iety ( food4 ,?is animal is f\nd 9 e latitude betwe5 ! ,equator & ! ,arctic circle1 rang+ ov] b>r5 m\nta9s & ?r\gh f]tile valleys1 fe$+ ^u almo/ e species ( edible =age--! cultivat$ grasses1 clov]s1 c]eals1 & roots--br[s+ on aromatic & bitt] h]bs alike1 cropp+ ! leaves & b>ks f /unt$ =e/ %rubs & ! pung5t1 res9\s ev]gre5s4 ,9 "s p>ts ( ,norway & ,sw$51 :5 o!r res\rces fail1 he subsi/s on fi% or fle% dur+ ! long1 rigor\s w9t]1 &1 if r$uc$ to necessity1 ev5 dev\rs 8 own wool4 ,9 size1 he is dim9utive or massive2 he has _m horns1 or b two l>ge or small spiral horns1 or is poll$ or hornless4 ,8 tail may be broad1 or long1 or a m]e button1 discov]able only by ! t\*4 ,8 cov]+ is long & co>se1 or %ort & hairy1 or s(t & furry1 or f9e & spiral4 ,8 color v>ies f :ite or black to e %ade ( br[n1 dun1 buff1 blue1 & gray4 ,?is wide div]sity results f long dome/ication "u almo/ e conceivable v>iety ( condition4 ,among ! ant$iluvians1 %eep 7 us$ = sacrificial (f]+s1 & _! fleeces1 9 all probability1 furni%$ !m ) clo?+4 ,s9ce ! deluge _! fle% has be5 a favorite food among _m nations4 ,_m ( ! rude1 w&]+ tribes ( ! ,ea/ employ !m z bea/s ( burd54 ,! unciviliz$--&1 to "s ext5t1 ! ref9$--inhabitants ( ,europe use _! milk1 n only z a bev]age1 b = mak+ into *eese1 butt]1 & curds--an appropriation ( x :i* is also notic$ by ,job1 ,isaiah1 & o!r ,old ,te/am5t writ]s1 z well z mo/ ( ! ,greek & ,roman au?ors4 ,! ewe's milk sc>cely diff]s 9 appe>ance f t ( ! c[1 ?\gh x is g5]ally ?ick]1 & yields a pale1 yell[i% butt]1 :i* is always s(t & soon becomes rancid4 ,9 dairy regions ! animal is likewise frequ5tly employ$ at ! tread-mill or horizontal :eel1 to pump wat]1 *urn milk1 or p]=m o!r light dome/ic "w4 ,! call+ ( ! %eph]d has1 f "t immemorial1 be5 conspicu\s1 & n want+ 9 dignity & importance4 ,abel 0 a keep] ( %eep2 z 7 ,abraham & 8 desc5dants1 z well z mo/ ( ! anci5t patri>*s4 ,job possess$ f\rte5 ?\s& %eep4 ,ra*el1 ! favor$ "m ( ! ,jewi% race1 came ) h] fa!r's %eep1 = %e kept !m4 ,! sev5 daught]s ( ! prie/ ( ,midian came & drew wat] = _! fa!r's flocks4 ,moses1 ! /atesman & lawgiv]1 le>n$ 9 all ! wisdom ( ! ,egyptians1 busi$ himself 9 t5d+ ! flocks ( ,je?ro1 8 fa!r-9-law4 ,david1 too1 t sweet s+] ( ,israel & its de/9$ mon>*--! ,jewi% h]o1 poet1 & div9e--0 a keep] ( %eep4 ,to %eph]ds1 abid+ 9 ! field1 keep+ wat* ov] _! flocks by night1 came ! glad tid+s ( a ,savi\r's bir?4 ,! ,hebrew t]m = %eep signifies1 9 its etymology1 fruitfulness1 abundance1 pl5ty--indicative ( ! bless+s :i* !y 7 de/9$ to conf] ^u ! human family4 ,9 ! ,holy ,scriptures1 ?is animal is ! *os5 symbol ( purity & ! g5tl] virtues1 ! victim ( propitiatory sacrifices1 & ! type ( r$emption to fall5 man4 ,among pr(ane writ]s1 ,hom] & ,hesiod1 ,virgil & ,!ocritus1 introduce !m 9 _! pa/oral !mes2 :ile _! h]oes & demi-gods--,h]cules & ,ulysses1 ,eneas & ,numa--c>efully p]petuate !m 9 _! doma9s4 ,9 mod]n times1 !y h engag$ ! att5tion ( ! mo/ enlight5$ nations1 ^: prosp]ity has be5 intimately l9k$ ) !m1 :]ev] wool & its manufactures h be5 reg>d$ z ess5tial /aples4 ,spa9 & ,portugal1 dur+ ! two c5turies 9 :i* !y figur$ z ! mo/ ent]pris+ ,european c\ntries1 excell$ 9 ! production & manufacture ( wool4 ,fl&]s1 = a "t1 took prec$5ce ( ,engl& 9 ! p]fection ( ! arts & ! enjoym5ts ( life2 & ! latt] c\ntry !n s5t :at little wool %e rais$ to ! =m] to be manufactur$4 ,?is be+ soon f\nd highly impolitic1 l>ge b\nties 7 (f]$ by ,engl& = ! importation ( arti/s & ma*9]y2 & by a sy/ematic & ?or\gh c\rse ( legislation1 :i* look$ to ! utmo/ protection & increase ( wool & wooll5s1 %e gradually c>ri$ _! production beyond any ?+ ! _w _h ev] se54 ,( ! orig9al bre$ ( ?is invaluable animal1 no?+ c]ta9 is kn[n2 f\r v>ieties hav+ be5 deem$ by naturali/s entitl$ to t di/9ction4 ,^! are1 #a4 ,! ,musimon1 inhabit+ ,corsica1 ,s>d9ia1 & o!r isl&s ( ! ,m$it]ranean1 ! m\nta9\s p>ts ( ,spa9 & ,greece1 & "s o!r regions bord]+ ^u t inl& sea4 ,^! h be5 frequ5tly dome/icat$ & mix$ ) ! long-cultivat$ bre$s4 #b4 ,! ,argali ranges ov] ! /eppes1 or inl& pla9s ( ,c5tral ,asia1 nor?w>d & ea/w>d to ! ocean4 ,!y are l>g] & h>di] ?an ! ,musimon & n s easily tam$4 #c4 ,! ,rocky ,m\nta9 ,%eep--frequ5tly call$ ! ,bighorn by our we/]n hunt]s--is f\nd on ! prairies we/ ( ! ,mississippi1 & ?r\gh\t ! wild1 m\nta9\s regions ext5d+ ?r\gh ,cali=nia & ,oregon to ! ,pacific4 ,!y are l>g] ?an ! ,argali--:i* 9 o!r respects !y resemble--& are probably desc5d$ f !m1 s9ce !y c\ld easily cross ^u ! ice at ,behr+'s ,/raits1 f ! nor?-ea/]n coa/ ( ,asia4 ,l ! ,argali1 :5 caught "y !y are readily tam$2 b x is n kn[n t !y h ev] be5 br$ ) ! dome/ic %eep4 ,be=e ! c\ntry 0 ov]run by ! :ite ram1 !y probably inhabit$ ! region bord]+ on ! ,mississippi4 ,fa!r ,h5nep9--a ,fr5* ,jesuit1 :o wrote "s two hundr$ ye>s ago--(t5 speaks ( meet+ ) goats 9 8 travels ?r\gh ! t]ritory :i* is n[ embrac$ by ,ill9ois1 ,wiscons91 & a portion ( ,m9nesota4 ,! wild1 clamb]+ prop5sities ( ^! animals--occupy+1 z !y d1 ! giddy heights f> beyond ! rea* ( ! travell]--& _! out] coat+ ( hair--suppli$ und]nea?1 h[ev]1 ) a ?ick coat+ ( s(t wool--give !m mu* ! appe>ance ( goats4 ,9 summ] !y are g5]ally f\nd s+le2 b :5 !y desc5d f _! isolat$1 rocky heights 9 w9t]1 !y are greg>i\s1 m>*+ 9 flocks "u ! guidance ( lead]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,rocky ,,m\nta9 ,,%eep4 #d4 ,! ,be>d$ ,%eep ( ,africa inhabit ! m\nta9s ( ,b>b>y & ,egypt4 ,!y are cov]$ ) a s(t1 r$di% hair1 & h a mane hang+ bel[ ! neck1 & l>ge1 locks ( hair at ! ankle4 ,_m v>ieties ( ! dome/icat$ %eep--t is1 all ! subjugat$ species--app>5tly diff] less f _! wild namesakes ?an f ea* o!r4 ,! fat-rump$ & ! broad-tail$ %eep are mu* m ext5sively diffus$ ?an any o!r1 & occupy ne>ly all ! s\?-ea/]n "p ( ,europe1 ,we/]n & ,c5tral ,asia1 & ,nor!rn ,africa4 ,!y are suppos$1 f v>i\s passages 9 ! ,p5tateu* 9 :i* ! fat & ! rump are spok5 ( 9 connection ) (f]+s1 to be ! v>ieties :i* 7 propagat$ by ! patri>*s & _! desc5dants1 ! ,jewi% race4 ,!y c]ta9ly give indisputable evid5ce ( remote & cont9u$ subjugation4 ,_! long1 p5d5t1 dr[sy e>s1 & ! highly artificial po/]ior developm5ts1 are *>act]i/ic ( no wild or rec5tly dome/icat$ race4 ,?is bre$ consi/s ( num]\s sub-v>ieties1 diff]+ 9 all _! *>act]i/ics ( size1 fleece1 color1 etc41 ) q z _m & m>k$ %ades ( di/9ction z ! mod]n ,european v>ieties4 ,9 ,madagasc>1 !y are cov]$ ) hair2 9 ! s\? ( ,africa1 ) co>se wool2 9 ! ,levant1 & along ! ,m$it]ranean1 ! wool is comp>atively f9e2 & f t ( ! fat-rump$ %eep ( ,?ibet ! exquisite ,ca%m]e %awls ( comm]ce are manufactur$4 ,bo? rams & ewes are sometimes br$ ) horns1 & sometimes )\t1 & !y exhibit a great div]sity ( color4 ,"s yield a c>cass ( sc>cely ?irty p\nds1 :ile o!rs h weigh$ two hundr$ p\nds dress$4 ,! tail or rump v>ies greatly1 accord+ to ! purity & /yle ( bre$+2 "s are less ?an "o-eigh?1 :ile o!rs exce$ "o-?ird ( ! entire dress$ weight4 ,! fat ( ! rump or tail is e/eem$ a great delicacy2 9 hot climates resembl+ oil1 & 9 cold]1 suet4 ,x is d\btful :e!r %eep are indig5\s to ,great ,brita92 b !y are m5tion$ z exi/+ !re at v e>ly p]iods4 ,,am]ican ,,%eep4 ,9 ,nor? ,am]ica1 !re are none1 /rictly speak+1 except ! ,rocky ,m\nta9 bre$1 already m5tion$4 ,! broad-tail$ %eep ( ,asia & ,africa 7 br\ght into ! ,unit$ ,/ates ab\t sev5ty ye>s ago1 "u ! "n ( ! ,tunisian ,m\nta9 %eep1 & br$ ) ! native flocks4 ,"s ( !m 7 subsequ5tly di/ribut$ among ! f>m]s ( ,p5nsylvania1 & _! mix$ desc5dants 7 highly priz$ z prolific1 & good nurses1 com+ e>ly to maturity1 atta9+ l>ge weight1 ( a sup]ior quality ( c>cass1 & yield+ a heavy fleece ( excell5t wool4 ,! pr9cipal objection made to !m 0 ! difficulty ( propagation1 :i* always requir$ ! assi/ance ( ! %eph]d4 ,! lambs 7 dropp$ :ite1 r$1 tawny1 blui%1 or black2 b all1 except+ ! black1 grew :ite z !y approa*$ maturity1 reta9+ "s spots ( ! orig9al color on ! *eeks & legs1 & sometimes hav+ ! entire head tawny or black4 ,! few :i* desc5d$ f ! orig9al importations h become bl5d$ ) ,am]ican flocks1 & h long ceas$ to be di/+ui%able f !m4 ,! common %eep ( ,holl& 7 e>ly import$ by ! ,dut* emigrants1 :o orig9ally coloniz$ ,new ,york2 b !y1 9 l mann]1 h long s9ce ceas$ to exi/ z a di/9ct v>iety4 ,improv$ ,european bre$s h be5 s l>gely introduc$ dur+ ! pres5t c5tury1 t ! ,unit$ ,/ates at pres5t possesses e kn[n bre$ :i* c\ld be ( p>ticul> b5efit to its husb&ry4 ,by ! c5sus ( #ahfj1 !re 7 ne>ly tw5ty-?ree & a half millions ( %eep 9 ?is c\ntry1 yield+ upw>ds ( sixty & a half million p\nds ( wool4 ,an almo/ inf9ite v>iety ( crosses h tak5 place betwe5 ! ,spani%1 ,engli%1 & native families2 c>ri$1 inde$1 to su* an ext5t t !re are1 comp>atively speak+1 few flocks 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates t pres]ve entire ! di/9ctive *>act]i/ics ( any "o bre$1 or t c lay claim to unmix$ purity ( blood4 ,! pr9cipal bre$s 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates are ! s-call$ ,natives2 ! ,spani% & ,saxon ,m]9os1 introduc$ f ! c\ntries ^: names !y be>3 ! ,new ,leice/]1 or ,bakewell2 ! ,s\?-,d[n2 ! ,cotswold2 ! ,*eviot2 & ! ,l9coln--all f ,engl&4 ,,native ,,%eep4 ,?is "n is popul>ly appli$ to ! common co>se-wooll$ %eep ( ! c\ntry1 :i* exi/$ "h previ\sly to ! importation ( ! improv$ bre$s4 ,^! 7 ( =eign & mo/ly ( ,engli% orig91 & c\ld probably claim a common desc5t f no "o /ock4 ,! e>ly settl]s1 emigrat+ f diff]5t sections ( ! ,briti% ,empire1 & a portion ( !m f o!r p>ts ( ,europe1 br\ght ) !m1 9 all probability1 ea* ! favorite bre$ ( 8 own imm$iate neighborhood1 & ! admixture ( ^! =m$ ! mongrel family n[ "u consid]ation4 ,amid ! p]ils ( w> & ! incursions ( bea/s ( prey1 !y 7 c>efully pres]v$4 ,z e>ly z #afgf1 ,new ,engl& 0 spok5 ( z ab\nd+ ) %eep4 ,^! common %eep yield$ a wool suitable only = ! co>se/ fabrics1 av]ag+1 9 ! h&s ( good f>m]s1 f ?ree to ?ree & a half p\nds ( wool to ! fleece4 ,!y 7 sl[ 9 arriv+ at maturity1 comp>$ ) ! improv$ ,engli% bre$s1 & yield$1 :5 fully gr[n1 f t5 to f\rte5 p\nds ( a middl+ quality ( mutton to ! qu>t]4 ,!y 7 usually long-legg$1 light 9 ! =e-qu>t]1 & n>r[ on ! brea/ & back2 al?\gh "s r>e in/ances might be f\nd ( flocks ) ! %ort legs1 & "s approximation to ! g5]al =m ( ! improv$ bre$s4 ,!y 7 excell5t bre$]s1 (t5 re>+1 almo/ entirely de/itute ( c>e1 & )\t %elt]1 "o hundr$ p] c5t4 ( lambs2 & 9 small flocks1 a /ill l>g] proportion4 ,^!1 too1 7 usually dropp$ 9 ,m>*1 or ! e>li] "p ( ,april4 ,re/less 9 _! disposition1 _! impati5ce ( re/ra9t almo/ equall$ t ( ! untam$ ,argali1 f :i* !y 7 desc5d$2 & 9 _m sections ( ! c\ntry x 0 common to see f tw5ty to fifty ( !m rov+1 ) little reg>d to enclosures1 ov] ! possessions ( _! own] & 8 neighbors1 leav+ a l>ge portion ( _! wool adh]+ to bu%es & ?orns1 & ! rema9d] plac$ ne>ly beyond ! possibility ( c>d+1 by ! tory-we$ & burdock1 s common on new l&s4 ,to ?is g5]al "* ( ! native flocks1 !re 0 b "o exception--a consid]ably num]\s & probably accid5tal v>iety1 kn[n z ! ,ott] bre$1 or ,creep]s4 ,^! 7 excessively duck-legg$1 ) well-=m$ bodies1 full *e/s1 broad backs1 yield+ a close1 heavy fleece1 ( m$ium quality ( wool4 ,!y 7 des]v$ favorites :]e indiff]5t /one or wood f5ces exi/$1 s9ce _! p[] ( locomotion 0 absolutely limit$ to _! enclosures1 if protect$ by a f5ce n less ?an two feet high4 ,! quality ( _! mutton equall$1 :ile _! aptitude to fatt5 0 decid$ly sup]ior to1 _! long]-legg$ contempor>ies4 ,! race is n[ q ext9ct4 ,an excell5t v>iety1 call$ ! ,arl+ton %eep1 0 produc$ by ,g5]al ,wa%+ton1 f a cross ( a ,p]sian ram ^u ! ,bakewell1 :i* bore wool f\rte5 in*es 9 l5g?1 s(t1 silky1 & admirably suit$ to comb+4 ,^!1 likewise1 h long s9ce become incorporat$ ) ! o!r flocks ( ! c\ntry4 ,! old common /ock ( %eep1 z a di/9ct family1 h ne>ly or q disappe>$1 ow+ to univ]sal cross+1 to a great] or less ext5t1 ) ! =eign bre$s ( lat] introduction4 ,! fir/ & second cross ) ! ,m]9o result$ 9 a decid$ improvem5t1 & produc$ a v>iety exce$+ly valuable = ! f>m] :o re>s wool solely = dome/ic purposes4 ,! fleeces are ( unev5 f95ess1 be+ hairy on ! ?ighs1 dew-lap1 etc42 b ! g5]al quality is mu* improv$1 ! quantity is consid]ably augm5t$1 ! c>cass is m compact & ne>] ! gr\nd1 & !y h lo/ _! unquiet & rov+ prop5sities4 ,! cross ) ! ,saxon1 = reasons h]eaft] to be giv51 has n g5]ally be5 s successful4 ,) ! ,leice/] & ,d[ns1 ! improvem5t1 s f> z =m size1 & a prop5sity to take on fat are conc]n$1 is manife/4 ,,! ,,spani% ,,m]9o4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,m]9o ,,ram4 ,! ,spani% %eep1 9 diff]5t c\ntries1 has1 ei!r directly or indirectly1 effect$ a complete revolution 9 ! "* ( ! fleece4 ,! race is unque/ionably "o ( ! mo/ anci5t extant4 ,! e>ly writ]s on agriculture & ! vet]9>y art describe v>i\s bre$s ( %eep z exi/+ 9 ,spa91 ( diff]5t colors--black1 r$1 & tawny4 ,! black %eep yield$ a f9e fleece1 ! f9e/ ( t color :i* 0 !n kn[n2 b ! r$ fleece ( ,baetica--a consid]able "p ( ! ,spani% coa/ on ! ,m$it]ranean1 compris+ ! mod]n ,spani% prov9ces ( ,ga51 ,cordova1 ,seville1 ,&alusia1 & ,granada1 :i* 0 e>ly coloniz$ by ! ent]pris+ ,greeks--01 accord+ to ,pl9y1 ( /ill sup]ior quality1 & _h no fell[4 ,^! %eep 7 probably import$ f ,italy1 & ( ! ,t>5t9e bre$1 :i* _h gradually spread f ! coa/ ( ,syria1 & ( ! ,black ,sea1 & _h !n rea*$ ! we/]n extremity ( ,europe4 ,_m ( !m m+l$ ) & improv$ ! native bre$s ( ,spa91 :ile o!rs cont9u$ to exi/ z a di/9ct race1 &1 meet+ ) a climate & an h]bage suit$ to !m1 reta9$ _! orig9al "* & value1 & 7 ! prog5itors ( ! ,m]9os ( ! pres5t day4 ,columella1 a coloni/ f ,italy1 & uncle ( ! writ] ( an excell5t "w on agriculture1 introduc$ m ( ! ,t>5t9e %eep into ,baetica1 :]e he resid$ 9 ! reign ( ! ,emp]or ,claudius1 9 ! ye> #da1 & o!rwise improv$ on ! native bre$2 =1 /ruck ) ! beauty ( "s ,african rams :i* _h be5 br\ght to ,rome to be exhibit$ at ! public games1 he pur*as$ !m1 & convey$ !m to 8 f>m 9 ,spa91 :5ce1 probably1 orig9at$ ! bett] v>ieties ( ! long-wooll$ bre$s ( t c\ntry4 ,be=e 8 "t1 h[ev]1 ,spa9 possess$ a valuable bre$2 s9ce ,/rabo1 :o fl\ri%$ "u ,tib]ius1 speak+ ( ! beautiful wooll5 clo?s t 7 worn by ! ,romans1 says t ! wool 0 br\ght f ,truditania1 9 ,spa94 ,! limit$ region ( ,italy--ov]run1 z x repeat$ly 01 by hordes ( b>b>ians dur+ & aft] ! times ( ! late/ emp]ors--soon lo/ h] pamp]$ flocks2 :ile ! ext5d$ regions ( ,spa9--int]sect$ 9 e direction by almo/ impassable m\nta9s--c\ld ma9ta9 _! m h>dy race1 9 defiance ( revolution or *ange4 ,to :at ext5t ! improvem5ts :i* h be5 notic$ 7 c>ri$ is unkn[n2 b z ,spa9 0 at t "t highly civiliz$1 & z agriculture 0 ! favorite pursuit ( ! great] "p ( ! coloni/s t spread ov] ! va/ t]ritory1 :i* !n ackn[l$g$ ! ,roman p[]1 x is highly probable t ,columella's exp]im5ts laid ! f\ndation = a g5]al improvem5t 9 ! ,spani% %eep--an improvem5t1 moreov]1 :i* 0 n lo/1 nor ev5 mat]ially impair$1 dur+ ! d>k] ages t succe$$4 ,! ,m]9o race possess inbr$ qualities to an ext5t surpass$ by no o!rs4 ,!y h be5 improv$ 9 ! g5]al weight & ev5ness ( _! fleece1 z 9 ! celebrat$ flock ( ,ramb\illet2 9 ! uni=mity & excessive f95ess ( ! fibre1 z 9 ! ,saxons2 & 9 _! =m & fe$+ qualities1 9 v>i\s c\ntries2 b !re has nev] yet be5 det]ioration1 ei!r 9 quantity or quality ( fleece or c>cass1 :]ev] !y h be5 transport$1 if suppli$ ) suitable food & att5tion4 ,mo/ %eep annually %$ _! wool if unclipp$2 :ile ! ,m]9o reta9s its fleece1 sometimes = five ye>s1 :5 all[$ to rema9 un%orn4 ,conclusive evid5ce is ?us af=d$ ( cont9u$ bre$+ among !mselves1 by :i* ! v con/itution ( ! wool-produc+ organs b5ea? ! sk9 h become p]man5tly e/abli%$2 & ?is prop]ty is transmitt$ to a great ext5t1 ev5 among ! crosses1 ?us m>k+ ! ,m]9o z an anci5t & peculi> race4 ,! rema9s ( ! anci5t v>ieties ( color1 also1 z notic$ by ,pl9y1 ,sol9us1 & ,columella1 may /ill be discov]$ 9 ! mod]n ,m]9o4 ,! pla9 & inde$ ! only reason t c be assign$ = ! union ( black & gray faces ) :ite bodies1 9 ! same bre$1 is ! frequ5t int]mixture ( black & :ite %eep1 until ! :ite prevails 9 ! fleece1 & ! black is conf9$ to ! face & legs4 ,x is /ill apt to break out occasionally 9 ! individual1 unless x is fix$ & conc5trat$ 9 ! face & legs1 by repeat$ crosses & a c>eful selection2 &1 on ! contr>y1 9 ! ,m]9o ,s\?-,d[n ! black may be r$uc$ by a few crosses to small spots ab\t ! legs1 :ile ! ,m]9o hue ov]spreads ! c\nt5ance4 ,?is hue--v>i\sly describ$ z a velvet1 a buff1 a fawn1 or a sat9-color$ c\nt5ance1 b 9 :i* a r$ t+e n infrequ5tly pr$om9ates1 /ill indicates ! orig9al colors ( ! indig5\s bre$s ( ,spa92 & ! black wool1 = :i* ,spa9 0 =m]ly s mu* di/+ui%$1 is /ill incl9$ to break out occasionally 9 ! legs & e>s ( ! ,m]9o4 ,9 "s flocks half ! e> is inv>iably br[n1 & a co>se black hair is (t5 disc]nible 9 ! f9e/ pile4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,spani% ,,%eep ,,dog4 ,! conque/1 9 ! eigh? c5tury1 by ! ,moors ( ^? f9e prov9ces 9 ! s\? ( ,spa91 s f> f *eck+1 s]v$ r to enc\rage ! production ( f9e wool4 ,! conqu]ors 7 n only ent]pris+1 b highly skill$ 9 ! useful arts1 & c>ri$ on ext5sive manufactories ( f9e wooll5 goods1 :i* !y export$ to diff]5t c\ntries4 ,! luxury ( ! ,moori% sov]eigns has be5 ! !me ( _m writ]s2 & 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury1 :5 ! wooll5 manufacture fl\ri%$ 9 b few places1 !re 7 f\nd 9 ,seville no less ?an sixte5 ?\s& looms4 ,a c5tury lat]1 ,b>celona1 ,p]pignan1 & ,tortosa 7 celebrat$ = ! f95ess ( _! clo?s1 :i* became /aple articles ( trade ?r\gh\t ! great] "p ( ,europe1 z well z on ! coa/ ( ,africa4 ,aft] ! expulsion ( ! ,moors1 9 ! fifte5? c5tury1 by ,f]d9& & ,isabella1 ! wooll5 manufacture langui%$1 & 01 9 a great degree1 lo/ to ,spa91 ow+ to ! rigor\s bani%m5t ( ne>ly "o million indu/ri\s ,moors1 mo/ ( :om 7 weav]s4 ,z a consequ5ce1 ! sixte5 ?\s& looms ( ,seville dw9dl$ d[n to sixty4 ,! ,spani% gov]nm5t p]ceiv$ its fatal mi/ake too late1 & subsequ5t ef=ts to ga9 its lo/ vantage-gr\nd 9 respect to ?is manufacture prov$ fruitless4 ,dur+ all t "t1 h[ev]1 ! ,spani% %eep appe> to h )/ood ! baneful influ5ce ( almo/ total neglect2 & al?\gh ! ,m]9o flocks & ,m]9o wool h improv$ "u ! m c>eful managem5t ( o!r c\ntries1 ! _w is orig9ally indebt$ to ,spa9 = ! mo/ valuable mat]ial 9 ! manufacture ( clo?4 ,! p]petuation ( ! ,m]9o %eep 9 all its purity1 amid ! convulsions :i* *ang$ ! entire political framework ( ,spa9 & de/roy$ e o!r national improvem5t1 /rik+ly illu/rates ! prim>y det]m9+ p[] ( blood or bre$+1 z well z ! ag5cy ( soil & climate--possibly too mu* und]rat$ 9 mod]n times4 ,^! ,spani% %eep are divid$ into two classes3 ! /ation>y1 or ^? t rema9 dur+ ! :ole ( ! ye> on a c]ta9 f>m1 or 9 a c]ta9 di/rict1 !re be+ a suffici5t provision = !m 9 w9t] & 9 summ]2 & ! migratory1 or ^? :i* w&] "s hundr$s ( miles twice 9 ! ye>1 9 que/ ( pa/urage4 ,! pr9cipal bre$ ( /ation>y %eep consi/s ( true ,m]9os2 b ! bre$s mo/ s\ght =1 & ) :i* s _m c\ntries h be5 enri*$1 are ! ,m]9os ( ! migratory description1 :i* pass ! summ] 9 ! m\nta9s ( ! nor?1 & ! w9t] on ! pla9s t[>d ! s\? ( ,spa94 ,! fir/ impression made by ! ,m]9o %eep on "o unacqua9t$ ) its value w\ld be unfavorable4 ,! wool ly+ clos] & ?ick] ov] ! body ?an 9 mo/ o!r bre$s1 & be+ abundant 9 yolk--or a peculi> secretion f ! gl&s ( ! sk91 :i* n\ri%es ! wool & causes x to mat closely toge!r--is cov]$ ) a dirty cru/1 (t5 full ( cracks4 ,! legs are long1 yet small 9 ! bone2 ! brea/ & ! back are n>r[1 & ! sides some:at flat2 ! =e-%\ld]s & bosoms are heavy1 & too mu* ( _! weight is c>ri$ on ! co>s] p>ts4 ,! horns ( ! male are comp>atively l>ge1 curv$1 & ) m or less ( a spiral =m2 ! head is l>ge1 b ! =ehead r l[4 ,a few ( ! females are horn$2 b1 g5]ally speak+1 !y are )\t horns4 ,bo? male & female h a peculi> co>se & unsightly gr[? ( hair on ! =ehead & *eeks1 :i* ! c>eful %eph]d cuts away be=e ! %e>+-"t2 ! o!r "p ( ! face has a pleas+ & *>act]i/ic velvet appe>ance4 ,"u ! ?roat !re is a s+ul> loos5ess ( sk91 :i* gives !m a rem>kable appe>ance ( ?roat9ess1 or holl[ness 9 ! neck4 ,! pile or hair1 :5 press$ ^u1 is h>d & unyield+1 ow+ to ! ?ickness into :i* x gr[s on ! pelf1 & ! abundance ( ! yolk1 reta9+ all ! dirt & gravel :i* falls ^u x2 b1 ^u exam9ation1 ! fibre exce$s1 9 f95ess & 9 ! numb] ( s]rations & curves1 t :i* any o!r %eep 9 ! _w produces4 ,! av]age weight ( ! fleece 9 ,spa9 is eight p\nds f ! ram1 & five f ! ewe4 ,! /aple diff]s 9 l5g? 9 diff]5t prov9ces4 ,:5 fatt$1 ^! %eep w weigh f twelve to sixte5 p\nds p] qu>t]4 ,! excell5ce ( ! ,m]9os consi/ 9 ! unexampl$ f95ess & felt+ prop]ty ( _! wool1 & 9 ! weight ( x yield$ by ea* individual %eep2 ! clos5ess ( t wool1 & ! luxuriance ( ! yolk1 :i* enable !m to support extremes ( cold & wet q z well z any o!r bre$2 ! read9ess ) :i* !y adapt !mselves to e *ange ( climate1 reta9+1 ) common c>e1 all _! f95ess ( wool1 & ?riv+ "u a burn+ tropical sun1 & 9 ! froz5 regions ( ! nor?2 an appetite :i* r5d]s !m app>5tly satisfi$ ) ! co>se/ food2 a quietness & pati5ce into :atev] pa/ure !y are turn$2 & a g5tl5ess & tractabl5ess n excell$ 9 any o!r bre$4 ,_! defects--p>tly attributable to ! bre$1 b m to ! improp] mode ( treatm5t to :i* !y are occasionally subject$--are1 _! un?rifty & unpr(itable =m2 a t5d5cy to abortion1 or b>r5ness2 a difficulty ( yean+1 or giv+ bir? to _! "y2 a paucity ( milk2 & a too frequ5t neglect ( _! lambs4 ,!y are likewise said1 not)/&+ ! f95ess ( _! wool1 & ! beautiful r$ color ( ! sk9 :5 ! fleece is p>t$1 to be m subject to cutane\s affections ?an mo/ o!r bre$s4 ,man1 h[ev]1 is f> m responsible = ?is ?an ,nature4 ,e ?+ 0 sacrific$ 9 ,spa9 to f95ess & quantity ( wool4 ,^! 7 suppos$ to be connect$ ) equality ( temp]ature1 or1 at lea/1 ) fre$om f exposure to cold2 &1 !re=e1 twice 9 ! ye>1 a j\rney ( f\r hundr$ miles 0 und]tak51 at ! rate ( eighty or a hundr$ miles p] week--! spr+ j\rney comm5c+ :5 ! lambs 7 sc>cely f\r mon?s old4 ,x is difficult to say 9 :at way ! wool ( ! migratory %eep 01 or c\ld be1 b5efit$ by ^! p]iodical j\rneys4 ,al?\gh among !m is f\nd ! f9e/ & mo/ valuable wool 9 ,spa91 yet ! /ation>y %eep1 9 c]ta9 prov9ces--,segovia1 ,leon1 & ,e/remadura--are m valuable ?an ! migratory flocks ( o!rs4 ,moreov]1 ! fleece ( "s ( ! ,g]man ,m]9os--:i* d n travel at all1 & are h\s$ all ! w9t]--greatly exce$s t obta9$ f ! be/ migratory bre$--! ,leonese--9 f95ess & felt+ prop]ty2 & ! wool ( ! migratory %eep has be51 comp>atively speak+1 driv5 out ( ! m>ket by t f %eep :i* nev] travel4 ,) respect to ! c>cass1 ^! h>ass+ j\rneys1 occupy+ "o-qu>t] ( ! ye>1 t5d to de/roy all possibility ( fatt5+1 or any t5d5cy t[>d x1 & ! =m & ! con/itution ( ! flock are det]iorat$1 & ! lives ( _m sacrific$4 ,! fir/ importation ( ,m]9os into ! ,unit$ ,/ates took place 9 #ahja2 a bank] ( ,p>is1 ,mr4 ,deless]t1 hav+ %ipp$ f\r1 ( :i* b "o arriv$ 9 safety at 8 f>m ne> ,k+/on1 9 ,new ,york2 ! o!rs p]i%$ on ! passage4 ,! same ye>1 ,mr4 ,se? ,adams1 ( ,massa*usetts1 import$ a pair f ,france4 ,9 #ahjb1 ,*ancellor ,liv+/on1 !n ,am]ican ,m9i/] at ! c\rt ( ,v]sailles1 s5t two *oice pairs f ! ,ramb\illet flock--:i* 0 />t$1 9 #aghf1 by plac+ f\r hundr$ ewes & rams1 select$ f ! *oice/ ,spani% flocks1 on ! royal f>m ( t "n1 9 ,france--to ,cl>emont1 8 c\ntry-seat1 on ! ,hudson riv]4 ,9 ! latt] "p ( ! same ye>1 ,colonel ,humphreys1 ,am]ican ,m9i/] to ,spa91 %ipp$ two hundr$1 on 8 dep>ture f t c\ntry4 ,! l>ge/ importations1 h[ev]1 7 made ?r\gh ,hon4 ,william ,j>vis1 ( ,v]mont1 !n ,am]ican ,consul at ,lisbon1 ,portugal1 9 #ahji1 #ahaj1 & #ahaa1 :o succe$$ 9 obta9+ ! *oice/ %eep ( t c\ntry4 ,v>i\s subsequ5t importations took place1 :i* ne$ n be p>ticul>iz$4 ,! cessation ( all comm]cial int]c\rse ) ,engl&1 9 #ahjh & #ahji1 gr[+ out ( difficulties ) t c\ntry1 direct$ att5tion1 9 an especial mann]1 t[>d manufactur+ & wool-gr[+4 ,! ,m]9o1 consequ5tly1 rose into importance1 & s great 0 ! int]e/ ar\s$1 t f a ?\s& to f\rte5 hundr$ doll>s a head 0 paid = !m4 ,"s ( ! lat] importations1 un=tunately1 arriv$ 9 ! wor/ condition1 br++ ) !m ^? sc\rges ( ! %eep family1 ! scab & ! foot-rot2 :i* evils1 toge!r ) increas$ supply1 soon br\ght !m d[n to less ?an a tw5tie? "p ( _! =m] price4 ,:51 h[ev]1 x 0 e/abli%$1 by actual exp]im5t1 t _! wool did n det]iorate 9 ?is c\ntry1 z _h be5 fe>$ by _m1 & t !y became readily acclimat$1 !y aga9 rose into favor4 ,! pro/ration ( ! manufactur+ int]e/s ( ! c\ntry1 :i* ensu$ soon aft]w>ds1 r5d]$ ! ,m]9o ( comp>atively little value1 & ru9$ _m :o _h pur*as$ !m at _! previ\s high prices4 ,s9ce t p]iod1 ! valuation ( ! %eep :i* be> ! p>ticul> wool has1 z a matt] ( c\rse1 kept pace ) ! fluctuations 9 ! price ( ! wool4 ,! t]m ,m]9o1 x mu/ be rememb]$1 is b ! g5]al appellation ( a bre$1 compris+ sev]al v>ieties1 pres5t+ ess5tial po9ts ( diff]5ce 9 size1 =m1 quality & quantity ( wool4 ,^! families h g5]ally be5 m]g$1 by int]bre$+1 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & o!r c\ntries :i* h receiv$ ! race f ,spa94 ,purity ( ,m]9o blood1 & actual excell5ce 9 ! individual & its ance/ors1 =m ! only /&>d 9 select+ %eep ( ?is bre$4 ,families h1 inde$1 sprung up 9 ?is c\ntry1 exhibit+ wid] po9ts ( diff]5ce ?an did ^? ( ,spa94 ,?is is ow+1 9 "s cases1 d\btless1 to p>ticul> causes ( bre$+2 b m (t51 probably1 to conceal$ or =gott5 infusions ( o!r blood4 ,! "q1 :i* has be5 at times rais$1 :e!r !re are any ,m]9os 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 desc5dants ( ! e>ly importations1 ( unque/ionable purity ( blood1 has be5 conclusively settl$ 9 ! affirmative4 ,! m9or di/9ctions among ! v>i\s families into :i*1 z has already be5 intimat$1 ! ,am]ican ,m]9o has div]g$1 are num]\s1 b may all1 p]haps1 be class$ "u ?ree g5]al heads4 ,! fir/ is a l>ge1 %ort-legg$1 /rong1 exce$+ly h>dy %eep1 c>ry+ a heavy fleece1 rang+ f m$ium to f9e1 free f hair 9 prop]ly br$ flocks2 some:at incl9$ to ?roat9ess1 b n s mu* s z ! ,ramb\illets2 br$ to exhibit ext]nal concrete gum 9 "s flocks1 b n commonly s2 _! wool r long on back & belly1 & exce$+ly d5se2 wool :it] )9 ?an ! ,ramb\illets2 sk9 ! same ri* rose-color4 ,%eep ( ?is class are l>g] & /rong] ?an ^? orig9ally import$1 c>ry mu* heavi] fleeces1 & 9 well-select$ flocks1 or individuals1 ! fleece is ( a decid$ly bett] quality4 ,! second class embraces small] animals ?an ! prec$+2 less h>dy2 wool1 z a g5]al ?+1 f9]1 & cov]$ ) a black1 pit*y gum on its extremities2 fleece ab\t "o-f\r? light] ?an 9 ! =m] class4 ,! ?ird class1 br$ at ! ,s\?1 mo/ly1 includes animals /ill small] & less h>dy1 & c>ry+ /ill f9] & light] fleeces4 ,! fleece is de/itute ( ext]nal gum4 ,! %eep & wool h a close resemblance to ! ,saxon2 &1 if n actually mix$ ) t blood1 !y h be5 =m$ into a simil> v>iety1 by a simil> c\rse ( bre$+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,out ,,at ,,pa/ure4 ,! mutton ( ! ,m]9o1 not)/&+ ! prejudices exi/+ on ! subject1 is %ort-gra9$1 & ( good flavor1 :5 kill$ at a prop] age1 & weighs f t5 to f\rte5 p\nds to ! qu>t]4 ,x is rem>kable = its longevity1 reta9+ its tee?1 & cont9u+ to bre$ two or ?ree ye>s long] ?an ! common %eep1 & at lea/ half a doz5 ye>s long] ?an ! improv$ ,engli% bre$s4 ,x %\ld1 h[ev]1 be rem>k$1 9 ?is connection1 t x is correspond+ly sl[ 9 arriv+ at maturity1 z x does n atta9 its full gr[? be=e ?ree ye>s ( age2 & ! ewes1 9 ! be/ manag$ flocks1 are r>ely p]mitt$ to bre$ be=e !y rea* t age4 ,! ,m]9o is a f> bett] bre$] ?an any o!r f9e-wooll$ %eep1 & its lambs1 :5 newly dropp$1 are claim$ to be h>di] ?an ! ,bakewell1 & equally s ) ! high-br$ ,s\?-,d[n4 ,! ewe1 z has be5 intimat$1 is n s good a nurse1 & w n usually d full ju/ice to m ?an "o lamb4 ,eighty or n9ety p] c5t4 is ab\t ! ord9>y numb] ( lambs re>$1 ?\gh x (t5 rea*es "o hundr$ p] c5t41 9 c>efully manag$ or small flocks4 ,allusion has h]et(ore be5 made to ! cross betwe5 ! ,m]9o & ! native %eep4 ,on ! introduction ( ! ,saxon family ( ! ,m]9os1 !y 7 univ]sally engraft$ on ! p>5t /ock1 & ! cross 0 cont9u$ until ! ,spani% blood 0 ne>ly br$ out4 ,:5 ! admixture took place ) judici\sly select$ ,saxons1 ! results 7 n unfavorable = c]ta9 purposes4 ,^! in/ances ( judici\s cross+ 71 un=tunately1 r>e4 ,f95ess ( wool 0 made ! only te/s ( excell5ce1 no matt] h[ scanty its quantity1 or h[ dim9utive or mis]able ! c>cass4 ,! consequ5ce 01 z might be suppos$1 ! ru9 ( mo/ ( ! ,m]9o flocks4 ,,! ,,saxon ,,m]9o4 ,! indig5\s bre$ ( %eep 9 ,saxony resembl$ t ( ! neighbor+ /ates1 & consi/$ ( two di/9ct ,v>ieties--"o be>+ a wool ( "s value1 & ! o!r yield+ a fleece applicable only to ! co>se/ manufactures4 ,at ! close ( ! sev5 ye>s w>1 ,augu/us ,fr$]ic1 ! ,elector ( ,saxony1 import$ "o hundr$ rams & two hundr$ ewes f ! mo/ improv$ ,spani% flocks1 & plac$ a "p ( !m on "o ( 8 own f>ms1 9 ! neighborhood ( ,dresd51 :i* he kept unmix$1 z he desir$ to asc]ta9 h[ f> ! pure ,spani% bre$ c\ld be naturaliz$ 9 t c\ntry ,! o!r "p ( ! flock 0 di/ribut$ on o!r f>ms1 & devot$ to ! improvem5t ( ! ,saxon %eep4 ,x 0 soon suffici5tly app>5t t ! ,m]9os did n deg5]ate 9 ,saxony4 ,_m p>cels ( _! wool 7 n inf]ior to ! *oice/ ,leonese fleeces4 ,! be/ bre$ ( ! native ,saxons 0 also mat]ially improv$3 ,! majority ( ! %eph]ds 71 h[ev]1 ob/9ately prejudic$ aga9/ ! innovation2 b ! elector1 resolutely b5t ^u accompli%+ 8 object1 import$ an additional numb]1 & compell$ ! cr[n-t5ants1 !n occupy+ l&s "u him1 to pur*ase a c]ta9 numb] ( ! %eep4 ,compulsion 0 n long necess>y2 ! true int]e/ ( ! %eph]ds 0 discov]$2 pure ,m]9os rapidly increas$ 9 ,saxony1 & became p]fectly naturaliz$4 ,inde$1 aft] a consid]able lapse ( ye>s1 ! fleece ( ! ,saxon %eep began1 n only to equal ! ,spani%1 b to exce$ x 9 f95ess & manufactur+ value4 ,to ?is result ! gov]nm5t v mat]ially contribut$1 by ! e/abli%m5t ( an agricultural s*ool1 & o!r m9or s*ools = %eph]ds1 & by di/ribut+ v>i\s publications1 :i* pla9ly & intelligibly %[$ ! value & prop] managem5t ( ! ,m]9o4 ,! bre$]s 7 select$ ) almo/ exclusive ref]5ce to ! quality ( ! fleece4 ,great c>e 0 tak5 to prev5t exposure ?r\gh\t ! ye>1 & !y 7 h\s$ on e slight em]g5cy4 ,by ?is c\rse ( bre$+ & treatm5t ! size & weight ( ! fleece 7 r$uc$1 & t h>d9ess & vigor ( con/itution1 :i* _h univ]sally *>act]iz$ ! migratory ,spani% bre$1 7 p>tially impair$4 ,9 num]\s in/ances1 ?is managem5t result$ 9 p]man5t injury to ! "* ( ! flocks4 ,! fir/ importation ( ,saxons into ?is c\ntry 0 made 9 #ahbc1 by ,samuel ,heu/an1 a m]*ant ( ,bo/on1 ,massa*usetts1 & consi/$ ( f\r good rams1 ( :i* two w5t to ,bo/on1 & ! o!rs to ,philadelphia4 ,! foll[+ ye>1 sev5ty-sev5--ab\t two-?irds ( :i* numb] only 7 pure-blood$--7 br\ght to ,bo/on1 sold at public auction at ,brooklyn1 ,n4,y41 z pure-blood$ electoral ,saxons1 & ?us scatt]$ ov] ! c\ntry4 ,ano!r lot1 compos$ ( grade %eep & pure-bloods1 0 dispos$ (1 n long aft]w>ds1 by public sale1 at ,brighton1 ne> ,bo/on1 & br\ght increas$ prices1 "s ( !m realiz+ f f\r hundr$ to five hundr$ & fifty doll>s4 ,^! prices gave rise to speculation1 & _m animals1 ( a decid$ly inf]ior grade1 7 import$1 :i* 7 ?r[n ^u ! m>ket = ! mo/ !y c\ld comm&4 ,! sales 9 _m in/ances n half cov]+ ! co/ ( importation1 ! speculation 0 soon ab&on$4 ,9 #ahbg1 ,h5ry ,d4 ,grove1 ( ,hoosic1 ,n4,y41 a native ( ,g]many1 & a highly intellig5t & ?or\ghly br$ %eph]d1 :o _h accompani$ "s ( ! e>ly importations1 import$ "o hundr$ & fifte5 *oice animals = 8 own bre$+1 &1 9 ! foll[+ ye>1 eighty m4 ,^! =m$ ! flock f :i* ,mr4 ,grove br$1 to ! "t ( 8 decease1 9 #ahdd4 ,! av]age weight ( fleece f 8 entire flock1 ne>ly all ( :i* 7 ewes & lambs1 0 t5 p\nds & f\rte5 ounces1 ?or\ghly wa%$ on ! %eep's back4 ,?is 0 realiz$ aft] a %ort summ] & w9t]'s keep1 :5 ! quantity ( hay or its equival5t f$ to ! %eep did n exce$ "o & a half p\nds1 by actual weight1 p] day1 except to ! ewes1 :i* receiv$ an additional quantity j be=e & aft] lamb+4 ,?is treatm5t 0 att5d$ ) no disease or loss by dea?1 & ) an increase ( lambs1 equall+ "o = e ewe4 ,! ,saxon ,m]9o diff]s mat]ially 9 frame f ! ,spani%2 !re is m r\ndness ( c>cass & f95ess ( bone1 toge!r ) a g5]al =m & appe>ance indicative ( a disposition to fatt54 ,two di/9ct bre$s are notic$4 ,"o v>iety has /\t] legs1 /\t] bodies1 head & neck comp>atively %ort & broad1 & body r\nd2 ! wool gr[s mo/ on ! face & legs2 ! grease 9 ! wool is almo/ pit*y4 ,! o!r bre$1 call$ ,escurial1 has long] legs1 ) a long1 sp>e neck & head2 v little wool on ! latt]2 & a f9]1 %ort]1 & s(t] "* 9 its fleece1 b less 9 quantity4 ,f :at has j be5 /at$ x w be se5 t !re are few ,saxon flocks 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates t h n be5 r$uc$ to ! quality ( grade %eep1 by ! promiscu\s admixture ( ! pure & ! impure :i* 7 import$ toge!r2 all ( !m be+ sold to our bre$]s z pure /ock4 ,besides1 !re are v few flocks :i* h n be5 aga9 cross$ ) ! ,native or ! ,m]9o %eep ( our c\ntry1 or ) bo?4 ,^? :o e>ly pur*as$ ! ,m]9o cross$ !m ) ! ,native2 & :5 ! ,saxons arriv$ ^? mongrels 7 br$ to ,saxon rams4 ,?is is ! hi/ory ( ?ree-qu>t]s1 probably1 ( ! ,saxon flocks ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,z ^! %eep h n[ s long be5 br$ t[>d ! ,saxon t _! wool equals t ( ! pure-bloods1 x may well be que/ion$ :e!r !y are any worse = ! admixture2 :5 cross$ only ) ! ,m]9o1 x is1 und\bt$ly1 to _! advantage4 ,! ,am]ican ,saxon1 ) ^! e>ly crosses 9 its p$igree1 is1 by g5]al admission1 a h>di] & m easily kept animal ?an ! pure ,escurial or ,electoral ,saxon4 ,climate1 fe$1 & o!r causes h1 d\btless1 conspir$1 z 9 ! case ( ! ,m]9o1 to add to _! size & vigor2 b1 aft] e necess>y all[ance has be5 made1 !y g5]ally owe ^! qualities to ^? e>ly crosses4 ,! fleeces ( ! ,am]ican ,saxons weigh1 on ! av]age1 f two or two & a qu>t] to ?ree p\nds4 ,!y are1 comp>atively speak+1 a t5d] %eep1 requir+ regul> supplies ( good food1 good %elt] 9 w9t]1 & protection 9 cool wea!r f /orms ( all k9ds2 b !y are evid5tly h>di] ?an ! p>5t ,g]man /ock4 ,9 docility & pati5ce "u conf9em5t1 9 late maturity & longevity1 !y resemble ! ,m]9os1 f :i* !y are desc5d$2 ?\gh !y d n mature s e>ly z ! ,m]9o1 nor d !y ord9>ily live s long4 ,!y are poor] nurses2 _! lambs are small]1 fatt]1 & f> m likely to p]i%1 unless %elt]$ & c>efully wat*$2 !y d n fatt5 s well1 &1 be+ consid]ably light]1 !y consume an am\nt ( food consid]ably less4 ,tak5 toge!r1 ! ,am]ican ,saxons be> a mu* f9] wool ?an ! ,am]ican ,m]9os2 ?\gh ?is is n always ! case1 & _m bre$]s ( ,saxons cross ) ! ,m]9o1 = ! purpose ( increas+ ! weight ( _! fleeces )\t det]iorat+ its quality4 ,our ,saxon wool1 z a :ole1 falls consid]ably bel[ t ( ,g]many2 ?\gh individual specim5s f ,saxons 9 ,connecticut & ,ohio comp>e well ) ! highe/ ,g]man grades4 ,?is inf]iority is n attributable to climate or o!r natural causes1 or to a want ( skill on ! "p ( our bre$]s2 b to ! fact t b a v few ( our manufactur]s h ev] felt will+ to make t discrim9ation 9 prices :i* w\ld r5d] x pr(itable to bre$ ^? small & delicate animals :i* produce ?is exquisite quality ( wool4 ,,! ,,new ,,leice/]4 ,! unimprov$ ,leice/] 0 a l>ge1 heavy1 co>se-wooll$ bre$ ( %eep1 inhabit+ ! midl& c\nties ( ,engl&4 ,x 0 a sl[ fe$]1 its fle% co>se-gra9$1 & ) little flavor4 ,! bre$]s ( t p]iod reg>d$ only size & weight ( fleece4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,c\ntry ,,sc5e4 ,ab\t ! middle ( ! la/ c5tury1 ,rob]t ,bakewell1 ( ,di%ley1 9 ,leice/]%ire1 fir/ appli$ himself to ! improvem5t ( ! %eep 9 t c\ntry4 ,be=e 8 improvem5ts1 aptitude to fatt5 & symmetry ( %ape--t is1 su* %ape z %\ld increase z mu* z possible ! mo/ valuable p>ts ( ! animal1 & dim9i% ! (fal 9 ! same proportion--7 entirely disreg>d$4 ,p]ceiv+ t small] animals increas$ 9 weight m rapidly ?an ! v l>ge ones1 t !y consum$ less food1 t ! same quantity ( h]bage1 appli$ to fe$+ a l>ge numb] ( small %eep1 w\ld produce m meat ?an :5 appli$ to fe$+ ! small] numb] ( l>ge %eep1 :i* alone x w\ld support1 & t %eep c>ry+ a heavy fleece ( wool possess$ less prop5sity to fatt5 ?an ^? :i* c>ri$ "o ( a m mod]ate weight1 he select$ f ! diff]5t flocks 9 8 neighborhood1 )\t reg>d to size1 ! %eep :i* appe>$ to him to h ! greate/ prop5sity to fatt51 & ^: %ape possess$ ! peculi>ities :i*1 9 8 judgm5t1 w\ld produce ! l>ge/ proportion ( valuable meat1 & ! smalle/ quantity ( bone & (fal4 ,he 0 also ( op9ion t ! fir/ object to be att5d$ to 9 bre$+ %eep is ! value ( ! c>cass1 & t ! fleece ought always to be a second>y consid]ation2 & ?is = ! obvi\s reason t1 :ile ! addition ( two or ?ree p\nds ( wool to ! weight ( a %eep's fleece is a diff]5ce ( great am\nt1 yet if ?is increase is obta9$ at ! exp5se ( ! animal's prop5sity to fatt51 ! f>m] may lose by x t5 or twelve p\nds ( mutton4 ,! sort ( %eep1 !re=e1 :i* he select$ 7 ^? possess$ ( ! mo/ p]fect symmetry1 ) ! greate/ aptitude to fatt51 & r small] 9 size ?an ! %eep g5]ally br$ at t "t4 ,hav+ =m$ 8 /ock f %eep s select$1 he c>efully att5d$ to ! peculi>ities ( ! individuals f :i* he br$1 &1 s f> z c be asc]ta9$--= all ( ,mr4 ,bakewell's measures 7 kept secret1 ev5 f 8 mo/ intimate fri5ds1 & he di$ )\t ?r[+1 volunt>ily1 ! lea/ light on ! subject--did n object to bre$+ f ne> relations1 :51 by s do+1 he br\ght toge!r animals likely to produce a prog5y possess+ ! *>act]i/ics :i* he wi%$ to obta94 ,hav+ ?us e/abli%$ 8 flock1 he adopt$ ! practice--:i* has s9ce be5 con/antly foll[$ by ! mo/ em95t bre$]s ( %eep--( lett+ rams = ! season1 in/ead ( sell+ !m to ^? :o wi%$ = _! use4 ,by ?is means ! ram-bre$] is enabl$ to keep a mu* l>g] numb] ( rams 9 8 possession2 &1 consequ5tly1 8 p[] ( select+ ^? mo/ suitable to 8 flock1 or :i* may be requir$ to correct any faults 9 %ape or quality :i* may occur 9 x1 is greatly increas$4 ,by cauti\sly us+ a ram = "o season1 or by obs]v+ ! produce ( a ram let to "s o!r bre$]1 he c asc]ta9 ! probable qualities ( ! lambs :i* su* ram w get1 & ?us avoid ! dang] ( mak+ mi/akes :i* w\ld det]iorate ! value ( 8 /ock4 ,! f>m]s1 likewise1 :o hire ! rams1 h an opportunity ( v>y+ ! rams f :i* !y bre$ mu* m ?an !y o!rwise c\ld d2 & !y are also enabl$ to select f %eep ( ! be/ quality1 & f ^? be/ calculat$ to effect ! greate/ improvem5t 9 _! flocks4 ,! idea1 :5 fir/ introduc$ by him1 0 s novel t he _h great difficulty 9 induc+ ! f>m]s to act ^u x2 & 8 fir/ ram 0 let = sixte5 %ill+s4 ,s em95t1 h[ev]1 0 8 success1 t1 9 #aghg1 he let ?ree rams1 = a s+le season1 = twelve hundr$ & fifty p\nds 7ab\t six ?\s& two hundr$ doll>s71 & 0 (f]$ t5 hundr$ & fifty p\nds 7ab\t five ?\s& two hundr$ doll>s7 = tw5ty ewes4 ,soon aft]w>ds he receiv$ ! enorm\s price ( eight hundr$ gu9eas 7or f\r ?\s& doll>s7 = two-?irds ( ! s]vices ( a ram = a s+le season1 res]v+ ! o!r ?ird = himself4 ,! improv$ ,leice/] is ( l>ge size1 b some:at small] ?an ! orig9al /ock1 & 9 ?is respect falls consid]ably bel[ ! co>s] v>ieties ( ,cotswold1 ,l9coln1 etc4 ,:]e !re is a suffici5cy ( fe$1 ! ,new ,leice/] is unrivall$ = its fatt5+ prop5sities2 b x w n be> h>d /ock+1 nor mu/ x be compell$ to travel f> 9 se>* ( its food4 ,x is1 9 fact1 prop]ly & exclusively a l[l& %eep4 ,9 its appropriate situation--on ! luxuriant h]bage ( ! highly cultivat$ l&s ( ,engl&--x possesses unequall$ e>l9ess ( maturity2 & its mutton1 :5 n too fat1 is ( a good quality1 b is usually co>se1 & comp>atively defici5t 9 flavor1 ow+ to t unnatural /ate ( fatness :i* x s readily assumes1 & :i* ! bre$]1 to ga9 weight1 s g5]ally fe$s =4 ,! we!rs1 hav+ rea*$ _! second ye>1 are turn$ (f 9 ! succe$+ ,febru>y or ,m>*1 & weigh at t age f ?irty to ?irty-five p\nds to ! qu>t]4 ,! wool ( ! ,new ,leice/] is long1 av]ag+1 aft] ! fir/ %e>+1 ab\t six in*es2 & ! fleece ( ! ,am]ican animal weighs ab\t six p\nds4 ,x is ( co>se quality1 & little us$ 9 ! manufacture ( clo?1 on acc\nt ( its l5g?1 & t defici5cy ( felt+ prop]ties common1 9 a great] or less ext5t1 to all ,engli% bre$s4 ,z a comb+ wool1 h[ev]1 x /&s fir/1 & is us$ 9 ! manufacture ( ! f9e/ wor/$s1 & ! l textures4 ,! high-br$ ,leice/]s ( ,mr4 ,bakewell's /ock became %y bre$]s & poor nurses2 b crosses subsequ5tly adopt$ h1 to "s ext5t1 obviat$ ^! defects4 ,! lambs are n1 h[ev]1 g5]ally reg>d$ z v h>dy1 & !y require consid]able att5tion at ! "t ( yean+1 p>ticul>ly if ! wea!r is ev5 mod]ately cold or /ormy4 ,! gr[n %eep1 too1 are mu* affect$ by sudd5 *anges 9 ! wea!r2 an abrupt *ange to cold be+ pretty c]ta9 to be regi/]$ on _! noses by unmi/akable indications ( cat>rh or snuffles4 ,9 ,engl&1 :]e mutton is g5]ally eat5 by ! labor+ classes1 ! meat ( ?is v>iety is 9 v great dem&2 & ! consequ5t return :i* a %eep possess+ su* f9e fe$+ qualities is enabl$ to make r5d]s x a g5]al favorite ) ! bre$]4 ,in/ances are record$ ( ! mo/ extraord9>y prices hav+ be5 paid = ^! animals4 ,!y h spread into all p>ts ( ! ,briti% dom9ions1 & be5 import$ into ! o!r c\ntries ( ,europe & into ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,!y 7 fir/ introduc$ into our own c\ntry1 "s =ty ye>s s9ce1 by ,*ri/oph] ,dunn1 ( ,albany1 ,n4,y4 ,subsequ5t importations h be5 made by ,mr4 ,p[el1 ( ,philadelphia1 & v>i\s o!r g5tlem54 ,! bre$1 h[ev]1 has nev] prov$ a favorite ) any l>ge class ( ,am]ican f>m]s4 ,our long1 cold w9t]s--b1 m especially1 our dry1 scor*+ summ]s1 :5 x is (t5 difficult to obta9 ! ri*1 gre51 t5d] fe$ 9 :i* ! ,leice/] delights--toge!r ) ! g5]al deprivation ( gre5 fe$ 9 ! w9t]1 rob x ( its e>ly maturity1 & ev5 ( ! ultimate size :i* x atta9s 9 ,engl&4 ,its mutton is too fat1 & ! fat & lean are too little int]mix$ to suit ,am]ican ta/e4 ,its wool is n v salable1 ow+ to ! de>? ( wor/$ manufactures 9 our c\ntry4 ,its e>ly decay & loss ( wool con/itute an objection to x1 9 a c\ntry :]e x is (t5 s difficult to advantage\sly turn (f %eep1 p>ticul>ly ewes4 ,b1 not)/&+ all ^! disadvantages1 on ri* l[l& f>ms1 9 ! vic9ity ( consid]able m>kets1 x w always 9 all probability make a pr(itable return4 ,! head ( ! ,new ,leice/] %\ld be hornless1 long1 small1 tap]+ t[>ds ! muzzle1 & project+ horizontally =w>d2 ! eyes prom95t1 b ) a quiet expression2 ! e>s ?91 r long1 & direct$ backw>d2 ! neck full & broad at its base1 :]e x proce$s f ! *e/1 s t !re is1 ) ! slighte/ possible deviation1 "o cont9u$ horizontal l9e f ! rump to ! poll2 ! brea/ broad & full2 ! %\ld]s also broad & r\nd1 & no unev5 or angul> =mation :]e ! %\ld]s jo9 ei!r ! neck or ! back--p>ticul>ly no ris+ ( ! )]s1 or holl[ beh9d ! situation ( ^! bones2 ! arm fle%y ?r\gh\t its :ole ext5t1 & ev5 d[n to ! knee2 ! bones ( ! leg small1 /&+ wide ap>t2 no loos5ess ( sk9 ab\t !m1 & comp>atively void ( wool2 ! *e/ & b>rel at once deep & r\nd2 ! ribs =m+ a consid]able ar* f ! sp9e1 s z1 9 "s cases--& especially :5 ! animal is 9 good condition--to make ! app>5t wid? ( ! *e/ ev5 great] ?an ! dep?2 ! b>rel ribb$ well home2 no irregul>ity ( l9e on ! back or belly1 b on ! sides2 ! c>cass v gradually dim9i%+ 9 wid? t[>ds ! rump2 ! qu>t]s long & full1 &1 z ) ! =e-legs1 ! muscles ext5d+ d[n to ! hock2 ! ?ighs also wide & full2 ! legs ( a mod]ate l5g?2 & ! pelt also mod]ately ?91 b s(t & ela/ic1 & cov]$ ) a good quantity ( :ite wool1 n s long z 9 "s bre$s1 b consid]ably f9]4 ,,! ,,s\?-,,d[n4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,s\?-,,d[n ,,ram4 ,a long range ( *alky hills1 div]g+ f ! *alky /ratum :i* int]sects ,engl& f ,norfolk to ,dor*e/]1 is t]m$ ! ,s\?-,d[ns4 ,!y ent] ! c\nty ( ,sussex on ! we/ side1 & are cont9u$ almo/ 9 a direct l9e1 z f> z ,ea/ ,b\rne1 :]e !y rea* ! sea4 ,!y may be reg>d$ z occupy+ a space ( m ?an sixty miles 9 l5g?1 & ab\t five or six 9 bread?1 consi/+ ( a succession ( op5 d[ns1 ) few enclosures1 & di/+ui%$ by _! situation & "n f a m nor!rn tract ( simil> elevation & soil1 pass+ ?r\gh ,surrey & ,k5t1 & t]m9at+ 9 ! cliffs ( ,dov]1 & ( ! ,=el&s4 ,on ^! d[ns a c]ta9 bre$ ( %eep has be5 produc$ = _m c5turies1 9 great] p]fection ?an else:]e2 & h5ce h sprung ^? successive colonies :i* h f\nd _! way abroad & mat]ially b5efit$ ! bre$ ( %ort-wooll$ %eep :]ev] !y h gone4 ,x is only1 h[ev]1 )9 a comp>atively rec5t p]iod t !y h be5 br\ght to _! pres5t p]fection4 ,z rec5tly z #aggf !y 7 small 9 size1 & ( a =m n sup]ior to ! common wooll$ %eep ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 !y 7 f> f possess+ a good %ape1 be+ long & ?9 9 ! neck1 high on ! %\ld]s1 l[ beh9d1 high on ! lo9s1 d[n on ! rump1 ! tail set on v l[1 p]p5dicul> f ! hip-bones1 %>p on ! back2 ! ribs flat1 n b[+1 n>r[ 9 ! =e-qu>t]s1 b good 9 ! leg1 al?\gh hav+ big bones4 ,s9ce t p]iod a c\rse ( judici\s bre$+1 pursu$ by ,mr4 ,john ,ellman1 ( ,glynde1 9 ,sussex1 has ma9ly contribut$ to raise ?is v>iety to its pres5t value2 & t1 too1 )\t ! admixture ( ! slighte/ degree ( =eign blood4 ,?is pure1 improv$ family1 x w be borne 9 m9d1 is spok5 ( 9 ! pres5t connection2 inasmu* z ! orig9al /ock1 pres5t+1 ) trifl+ modifications1 ! same *>act]i/ics :i* !y exhibit$ sev5ty-five ye>s ago1 are yet to be f\nd 9 ,engl&2 & ! int]m$iate space betwe5 ^! two classes is occupi$ by a v>iety ( grades1 ris+ or fall+ 9 value1 z !y approximate to or rec$e f ! improv$ blood4 ,! ,s\?-,d[n %eep are poll$1 b x is probable t ! orig9al bre$ 0 horn$1 z x is n unusual to f9d among ! male ,s\?-,d[n lambs "s ) small horns4 ,! dusky1 or at times1 black hue ( ! head & legs fully e/abli%es ! orig9al color ( ! %eep1 &1 p]haps ( all %eep2 :ile ! lat] p]iod at :i* x 0 s]i\sly attempt$ to get rid ( ?is d+y hue prov+ unsuccessful1 only confirms ?is view4 ,_m ( ! lambs h be5 dropp$ entirely black4 ,x is an upl& %eep1 ( m$ium size1 & its wool--:i* 9 po9t ( l5g? belongs to ! middle class1 & diff]s ess5tially f ,m]9o wool ( any grade1 ?\gh ! fibre 9 "s ( ! f9e/ fleeces maybe ( ! same app>5t f95ess ) half or "o-qu>t] blood ,m]9o--is defici5t 9 felt+ prop]ties1 mak+ a fuzzy1 hairy clo?1 & is no long] us$ 9 ,engl&1 unless l>gely mix$ ) =eign wool1 ev5 = ! l[e/ class ( clo?s4 ,z x has det]iorat$1 h[ev]1 x has increas$ 9 l5g? ( /aple1 9 t c\ntry1 to su* an ext5t t improv$ ma*9]y enables x to be us$ z a comb+-wool1 = ! manufacture ( wor/$s4 ,:]e ?is has tak5 place x is q z pr(itable z :5 x 0 f9] & %ort]4 ,9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 :]e ! dem& = comb+-wool is s small t x is easily met by a bett] article1 ! same result w\ld n probably foll[4 ,inde$1 x may well be d\bt$ :e!r ! prop] comb+ l5g? w be easily rea*$1 or at lea/ ma9ta9$ 9 ?is c\ntry1 9 ! abs5ce ( t high fe$+ sy/em :i* has und\bt$ly giv5 ! wool its increas$ l5g? 9 ,engl&4 ,! av]age weight ( fleece 9 ! hill-f$ %eep is ?ree p\nds2 on ri* l[l&s1 a little m4 ,! ,s\?-,d[n1 h[ev]1 is cultivat$ m p>ticul>ly = its mutton1 :i* = quality takes prec$5ce ( all o!r--f %eep ( good size--9 ! ,engli% m>kets4 ,its e>ly maturity & extreme aptitude to lay on fle%1 r5d] x peculi>ly valuable = ?is purpose4 ,x is turn$ (f at ! age ( two ye>s1 & its weight at t age is1 9 ,engl&1 f eighty to "o hundr$ p\nds4 ,high-f$ we!rs h rea*$ f ?irty-two to ev5 =ty p\nds a qu>t]4 ,not)/&+ its weight1 x has a pati5ce ( occasional %ort keep1 & an endurance ( h>d /ock+1 equal to any o!r %eep4 ,?is gives x a decid$ advantage ov] ! bulki] ,leice/]s & ,l9colns1 z a mutton %eep1 9 hilly di/ricts & ^? produc+ %ort & scanty h]bage4 ,x is h>dy & heal?y1 ?\gh1 9 common ) ! o!r ,engli% v>ieties1 mu* subject to cat>rh1 & no %eep bett] )/&s our ,am]ican w9t]s4 ,! ewes are prolific bre$]s & good nurses4 ,! ,d[n is quiet & docile 9 its habits1 &1 ?\gh an indu/ri\s fe$]1 exhibits b little disposition to rove4 ,l ! ,leice/]1 x is comp>atively a %ort-liv$ animal1 & ! fleece cont9ues to decrease 9 weight aft] x rea*es maturity4 ,x crosses bett] ) %ort & middle-wooll$ bre$s ?an ! ,leice/]4 ,a %eep possess+ su* qualities1 mu/1 ( necessity1 be valuable 9 upl& di/ricts 9 ! vic9ity ( m>kets4 ,! ,emp]or ( ,russia paid ,mr4 ,ellman ?ree hundr$ gu9eas 7fifte5 hundr$ doll>s7 = two rams2 &1 9 #ahjj1 a ram belong+ to ! ,duke ( ,b$=d 0 let = "o season at eighty gu9eas 7f\r hundr$ doll>s71 two o!rs at =ty gu9eas 7two hundr$ doll>s7 ea*1 & f\r m at tw5ty-eight gu9eas 7"o hundr$ & =ty doll>s7 ea*4 ,! fir/ importation into ! ,unit$ ,/ates 0 made by ,col4 ,j4 ,h4 ,p[ell1 ( ,philadelphia4 ,a subsequ5t importation1 9 #ahcd1 co/ sixty doll>s a head4 ,! desirable *>act]i/ics ( ! ,s\?-,d[n may be ?us summ$ up3 ,! head small & hornless2 ! face speckl$ or gray1 & nei!r too long nor too %ort2 ! lips ?91 & ! space betwe5 ! nose & ! eyes n>r[2 ! "u-jaw or *ap f9e & ?92 ! e>s tol]ably wide & well-cov]$ ) wool1 & ! =ehead also1 & ! :ole space betwe5 ! e>s well protect$ by x1 z a def5ce aga9/ ! fly2 ! eye full & bright1 b n prom95t2 ! orbits ( ! eye1 ! eye-cap or bone n too project+1 t x may n =m a fatal ob/acle 9 lamb+2 ! neck ( a m$ium l5g?1 ?9 t[>d ! head1 b enl>g+ t[>d ! %\ld]s1 :]e x %\ld be broad & high & /raight 9 its :ole c\rse above & bel[4 ,! brea/ %\ld be wide1 deep1 & project+ =w>d betwe5 ! =e-legs1 indicat+ a good con/itution & a disposition to ?rive2 correspond+ ) ?is1 ! %\ld]s %\ld be on a level ) ! back1 & n too wide above2 !y %\ld b[ outw>d f ! top to ! brea/1 indicat+ a spr++ rib b5ea?1 & leav+ room = x2 ! ribs com+ out horizontally f ! sp9e1 & ext5d+ f> backw>d1 & ! la/ rib project+ m ?an o!rs2 ! back flat f ! %\ld]s to ! sett+ on ( ! tail2 ! lo9 broad & flat2 ! rump broad1 & ! tail set on high1 & ne>ly on a level ) ! sp9e4 ,! hips %\ld be wide2 ! space betwe5 !m & ! la/ rib on ea* side z n>r[ z possible1 & ! ribs g5]ally pres5t+ a circul> =m l a b>rel2 ! belly z /raight z ! back2 ! legs nei!r too long nor too %ort2 ! =e-legs /raight f ! brea/ to ! foot1 n b5d+ inw>d at ! knee1 & /&+ f> ap>t1 bo? be=e & beh9d2 ! hock hav+ a direction r outw>d1 & !y twi/1 or ! meet+ ( ! ?ighs beh9d1 be+ p>ticul>ly full2 ! bones f9e1 yet hav+ no appe>ance ( weakness1 & ( a speckl$ or d>k color2 ! belly well def5d$ ) wool1 & ! wool com+ d[n be=e & beh9d to ! knee & to ! hock2 ! wool %ort1 close1 curl$ & f9e1 & free f sp9y project+ fibres4 ,,! ,,cotswold4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,cotswold4 ,! ,cotswolds1 until improv$ by mod]n crosses1 7 a v l>ge1 co>se1 long-legg$1 flat-ribb$ v>iety1 light 9 ! =e-qu>t]1 & %e>+ a long1 heavy1 co>se fleece ( wool4 ,!y 7 =m]ly br$ only on ! hills1 & fatt$ 9 ! valleys1 ( ! ,sev]n & ! ,?ames2 b ) ! enclosures ( ! ,cotswold hills1 & ! improvem5t ( _! cultivation1 !y h be5 re>$ & fatt$ 9 ! same di/rict4 ,!y 7 h>dy1 prolific bre$]s1 & capital nurses2 defici5t 9 e>ly maturity1 & n possess+ fe$+ prop]ties equall+ ^? ( ! ,s\?-,d[n or ,new ,leice/]4 ,!y h be5 ext5sively cross$ ) ! ,leice/] %eep--produc+ ?us ! mod]n or improv$ ,cotswold--by :i* _! size & fleece h be5 some:at dim9i%$1 b _! c>casses h be5 mat]ially improv$1 & _! maturity r5d]$ e>li]4 ,! we!rs are sometimes fatt5$ at f\rte5 mon?s old1 :5 !y weigh f fifte5 to tw5ty-f\r p\nds to a qu>t]2 & at two ye>s old1 increase to tw5ty or ?irty p\nds4 ,! wool is /rong1 mell[1 & ( good color1 ?\gh r co>se1 six to eight in*es 9 l5g?1 & f sev5 to eight p\nds p] fleece4 ,! sup]ior h>dihood ( ! improv$ ,cotswold ov] ! ,leice/]1 & _! adaptation to common treatm5t1 toge!r ) ! prolific nature ( ! ewes1 & _! abundance ( milk1 h r5d]$ !m 9 _m places rivals ( ! ,new ,leice/]1 & h obta9$ = !m1 ( late ye>s1 m att5tion to _! selection & g5]al treatm5t1 "u :i* managem5t /ill f>!r improvem5t has be5 made4 ,!y h also be5 us$ 9 cross+ o!r bre$s1 & h be5 mix$ ) ! ,hamp%ire ,d[ns4 ,inde$1 ! improv$ ,cotswold1 "u ! "n ( new1 or improv$ ,ox=d%ire %eep1 h frequ5tly be5 ! successful c&idates = prizes (f]$ = ! be/ long-wooll$ %eep at "s ( ! pr9cipal agricultural meet+s or %[s 9 ,engl&4 ,! quality ( _! mutton is consid]$ sup]ior to t ( ! ,leice/]2 ! tall[ be+ less abundant1 ) a l>g] developm5t ( muscle or fle%4 ,! degree to :i* ! cross betwe5 ! ,cotswold & ,leice/] may be c>ri$1 mu/ dep5d ^u ! nature ( ! old /ock1 & on ! situation & "* ( ! f>m4 ,9 expos$ situations1 & some:at scanty pa/ure1 ! old blood %\ld decid$ly prevail4 ,on a m %elt]$ soil1 & on l& t w be> clos] /ock+1 a great] use may be made ( ! ,leice/]4 ,ano!r circum/ance t %\ld guide ! f>m] is ! object :i* he has pr9cipally 9 view4 ,if he expects to d]ive 8 *ief pr(its f ! wool1 he w look to ! primitive ,cotswolds2 if he expects to ga9 m z a grazi]1 he w use ! ,leice/] ram m freely4 ,%eep ( ?is bre$1 n[ ( e/abli%$ reputation1 h be5 import$ into ! ,unit$ ,/ates by ,messrs4 ,corn+ & ,go?am1 ( ,albany1 & br$ by ! latt]4 ,,! ,,*eviot4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,*eviot ,,ewe4 ,on ! /eep1 /orm-la%$ ,*eviot hills1 9 ! extreme nor? ( ,engl&1 ?is bre$ fir/ attract$ notice = _! great h>d9ess 9 resi/+ cold1 & = fe$+ on co>se1 hea!ry h]bage4 ,a cross ) ! ,leice/]1 pretty g5]ally resort$ to1 con/itutes ! improv$ v>iety4 ,! ,*eviot readily amalgamates ) ! ,leice/]--! rams employ$ 9 ! sy/em ( bre$+1 :i* has be5 ext5sively introduc$ = produc+ ! fir/ cross ( ?is desc5t1 be+ ( ! pure ,leice/] bre$--& ! prog5y is sup]ior 9 size1 weight ( wool1 & t5d5cy to fatt51 to ! native ,*eviot4 ,! b5efit1 h[ev]1 may be said to end ) ! fir/ cross2 & ! prog5y ( ?is mix$ desc5t is greatly inf]ior to ! pure ,leice/] 9 =m & fatt5+ prop]ties1 & to ! pure ,*eviot 9 h>d9ess ( con/itution4 ,! improv$ ,*eviot has greatly ext5d$ itself ?r\gh\t ! m\nta9s ( ,scotl&1 & 9 _m in/ances supplant$ ! black-fac$ bre$2 b ! *ange1 ?\gh (t5 advantage\s1 has 9 "s cases be5 o!rwise--! latt] be+ some:at h>di]1 & m capable ( subsi/+ on hea?y pa/urage4 ,!y are a h>dy race1 h[ev]1 well suit$ = _! native pa/ures1 be>+1 ) comp>ative impunity1 ! /orms ( w9t]1 & ?riv+ well on poor keep4 ,! pure/ specim5s are to be f\nd on ! ,scot* side ( ! ,*eviot hills1 & on ! high & /ony m\nta9 f>ms :i* lie betwe5 t range & ! s\rces ( ! ,teviot4 ,^! %eep are a capital m\nta9 /ock1 provid$ ! pa/ure resembles ^? hills1 9 conta9+ a good proportion ( ri* h]bage4 ,?\gh less h>dy ?an ! black-fac$ %eep ( ,scotl&1 !y are m pr(itable z respects _! fe$+1 mak+ m fle% on an equal quantity ( food1 & mak+ x m quickly4 ,!y h :ite faces & legs1 op5 c\nt5ances1 lively eyes1 & are )\t horns2 ! e>s are l>ge1 & some:at s+ul>1 & !re is mu* space betwe5 ! e>s & eyes2 ! c>cass is long2 ! back /raight2 ! %\ld]s r light2 ! ribs circul>2 & ! qu>t]s good4 ,! legs are small 9 ! bone1 & cov]$ ) wool1 z well z ! body1 ) ! exception ( ! face4 ,! we!r is fit = ! but*] at ?ree ye>s old1 & av]ages f twelve to eighte5 p\nds a qu>t]2 ! mutton be+ ( a good quality1 ?\gh inf]ior to ! ,s\?-,d[n1 & ( less flavor ?an ! black-fac$4 ,! ,*eviot1 ?\gh a m\nta9 bre$1 is quiet & docile1 & easily manag$4 ,! wool is ab\t ! quality ( ,leice/]1 co>se & long1 suitable only = ! manufacture ( l[ coat+s & flu%+s4 ,x closely cov]s ! body1 assi/+ mu* 9 pres]v+ x f ! effects ( wet & cold4 ,! fleece av]ages ab\t ?ree & a half p\nds4 ,=m]ly1 ! wool 0 ext5sively employ$ 9 mak+ clo?s2 b hav+ giv5 place to ! f9] ,saxony wools1 x has sunk 9 price1 & be5 conf9$ to comb+ purposes4 ,x has ?us become altoge!r a second>y consid]ation4 ,! ,*eviots h become an ,am]ican %eep by _! repeat$ importations into ?is c\ntry4 ,! wool on sev]al *oice %eep1 import$ by ,mr4 ,c>mi*ael1 ( ,new ,york1 0 f five to sev5 in*es long1 co>se1 b well suit$ to comb+4 ,,! ,,l9coln4 ,! old bre$ ( ,l9coln%ire %eep 0 hornless1 _h :ite faces1 & long1 ?91 & weak c>casses2 ! ewes weigh$ f f\rte5 to tw5ty p\nds a qu>t]2 ! ?ree-ye> old we!rs f tw5ty to ?irty p\nds2 legs ?ick1 r\gh & :ite2 pelts ?ick2 wool long--f t5 to eighte5 in*es--& cov]+ a sl[-fe$+1 co>se-gra9$ c>cass ( mutton4 ,a judici\s sy/em ( bre$+1 :i* avoid$ ,bakewell's errors1 has wr\ght a decid$ improvem5t 9 ?is bre$4 ,! improv$ ,l9colns possess a r m desirable robu/ness1 approa*+1 9 "s few specim5s1 almo/ to co>s5ess1 z comp>$ ) ! f9e/ ,leice/]s2 b !y are m h>dy1 & less liable to disease4 ,!y atta9 z l>ge a size1 & yield z great an am\nt ( wool1 ( ab\t ! same value4 ,?is bre$1 inde$1 sc>cely diff]s m f ! ,cotswold ?an d flocks ( a simil> v>iety1 :i* h be5 sep>ately br$ = sev]al g5]ations1 f ea* o!r4 ,!y are prolific1 & :5 well-f$1 ! ewes w frequ5tly produce two lambs at a bir?1 = :i* !y provide lib]ally f _! udd]s till ! "t = wean+4 ,! weight ( ! fleece v>ies f f\r to eight p\nds p] head4 ,hav+ allud$ to ! pr9cipal po9ts ( int]e/ connect$ ) ! v>i\s bre$s ( %eep 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 our next bus9ess is ) ,,! ,,natural ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,%eep4 ,illu/ration3 ,,skeleton ,,( ,,! ,,%eep ,,z ,,cov]$ ,,by ,,! ,,muscles4 #a4 ,! int]maxill>y bone4 #b4 ,! nasal bones4 #c4 ,! upp] jaw4 #d4 ,! union ( ! nasal & upp] jaw-bones4 #e4 ,! union ( ! mol> & la*rymal bones4 #f4 ,! orbits ( ! eye4 #g4 ,! frontal bone4 #h4 ,! l[] jaw4 #i4 ,! incisor tee?1 or nipp]s4 #aj4 ,! mol>s or gr9d]s4 #aa4 ,! ligam5t ( ! neck support+ ! head4 #ab4 ,! sev5 v]tebrae1 or ! bones ( ! neck4 #ac4 ,! ?irte5 v]tebrae1 or bones ( ! back4 #ad4 ,! six v]tebrae ( ! lo9s4 #ae4 ,! sacral bone4 #af4 ,! bones ( ! tail1 v>y+ 9 diff]5t bre$s f twelve to tw5ty-"o4 #ag4 ,! haun* & pelvis4 #ah4 ,! eight true ribs1 ) _! c>tilages4 #ai4 ,! five false ribs1 or ^? t are n atta*$ to ! brea/-bone4 #bj4 ,! brea/-bone4 #ba4 ,! scapula1 or %\ld]-blade4 #bb4 ,! hum]us1 bone ( ! arm1 or l[] "p ( ! %\ld]4 #bc4 ,! radius1 or bone ( ! =e-arm4 #bd4 ,! ulna or elb[4 #be4 ,! knee ) its diff]5t bones4 #bf4 ,! metac>pal or %ank-bones--! l>g] bones ( ! leg4 #bg4 ,a rudim5t ( ! small] metac>pal4 #bh4 ,"o ( ! sessamoid bones4 #bi4 ,! fir/ two bones ( ! foot--! pa/]ns4 #cj4 ,! prop] bones ( ! foot4 #ca4 ,! ?igh-bone4 #cb4 ,! /ifle-jo9t & its bone--! patella4 #cc4 ,! tibia1 or bone ( ! upp] "p ( ! leg4 #cd4 ,! po9t ( ! hock4 #ce4 ,! o!r bones ( ! hock4 #cf4 ,! metat>sal bones1 or bone ( ! h9d-leg4 #cg4 ,rudim5t ( ! small metat>sal4 #ch4 ,a sessamoid bone4 #ci4 ,! fir/ two bones ( ! foot--! pa/]ns4 #dj4 ,! prop] bones ( ! foot4 ,,division4 ,v]tebrata--possess+ a back-bone4 ,,class4 ,mammalia--su* z give suck4 ,,ord]4 ,rum9antia--*ew+ ! cud4 ,,family4 ,capridae--! goat k9d4 ,,g5us4 ,oris--! %eep family4 ,( ?is ,g5us !re are ?ree v>ieties3 ,,oris1 ,,ammon1 or ,,argali4 ,oris ,musmon4 ,oris ,aries1 or ,dome/ic ,%eep4 ,( ! latt]--) :i* alone ?is treatise is conc]n$--!re are ab\t =ty well kn[n v>ieties4 ,betwe5 ! oris1 or %eep1 & ! capra1 or goat1 ano!r g5us ( ! same family1 ! di/9ctions are well m>k$1 al?\gh consid]able resemblance exi/s betwe5 !m4 ,! horns ( ! %eep h a spiral direction1 :ile ^? ( ! goat h a direction upw>d & backw>d2 ! %eep1 except 9 a s+le wild v>iety1 has no be>d1 :ile ! goat is be>d$2 ! goat1 9 8 highe/ /ate ( improvem5t1 :5 he is made to produce wool ( a f95ess unequall$ by ! %eep--z 9 ! ,ca%m]e bre$--is ma9ly1 & always1 ext]nally cov]$ ) hair1 :ile ! hair on ! %eep may1 by dome/ication1 be r$uc$ to a few co>se hairs1 or got rid ( altoge!r2 &1 f9ally1 ! pelt or sk9 ( ! goat has ?ickness v f> exce$+ t ( ! %eep4 ,! age ( %eep is usually reckon$1 n f ! "t t !y are dropp$1 b f ! fir/ %e>+2 al?\gh ! fir/ ye> may ?us include fifte5 or sixte5 mon?s1 & sometimes m4 ,:5 d\bt exi/s relative to ! age1 rec\rse is _h to ! tee?1 s9ce !re is m unc]ta9ty ab\t ! horn 9 ?is animal ?an 9 cattle2 ewes t h be5 e>ly br$1 appe>+ always1 accord+ to ! r+s on ! horn1 a ye> old] ?an o!rs t h be5 long] kept f ! ram4 ,,=mation ,,( ,,! ,,tee?4 ,%eep h no tee? 9 ! upp] jaw1 b ! b>s or ridges ( ! palate ?ick5 z !y approa* ! =ep>t ( ! m\?2 !re also ! d5se1 fibr\s1 ela/ic matt]1 ( :i* !y are con/itut$1 becomes cond5s$1 & =ms a cu%ion or b$1 :i* cov]s ! conv]se extremity ( ! upp] jaw1 & occupies ! place ( ! upp] incisor1 or cutt+ tee?1 & p>tially dis*>ge _! functions4 ,! h]bage is firmly held betwe5 ! front tee? 9 ! l[] jaw & ?is pad1 & ?us p>tly bitt5 & p>tly torn asund]4 ,( ?is1 ! roll+ motion ( ! head is suffici5t pro(4 ,! tee? are ! same 9 numb] z 9 ! m\? ( ! ox4 ,!re are eight incisors or cutt+-tee? 9 ! =ep>t ( ! l[] jaw1 & six mol>s 9 ea* jaw above & bel[1 & on ei!r side4 ,! incisors are m admirably =m$ = graz+ ?an 9 ! ox4 ,! %eep lives clos]1 & is de/9$ to foll[ ! ox1 & ga!r n\ri%m5t :]e t animal w\ld be unable to crop a s+le blade4 ,?is close life n only loos5s ! roots ( ! grass1 & disposes !m to spread1 b by cutt+ (f ! %ort suck]s & spr\t+s--a wise provision ( nature--causes ! plants to ?r[ out fre%1 & m num]\s1 & /rong] ones1 & ?us is in/rum5tal 9 improv+ & increas+ ! value ( ! crop4 ,no?+ w m exp$iti\sly & m effectually make a ?ick1 p]man5t pa/ure ?an its be+ occasionally & closely eat5 d[n by %eep4 ,9 ord] to enable ! %eep to bite ?is close1 ! upp] lip is deeply divid$1 & free f hair ab\t ! c5tre ( x4 ,! "p ( ! too? above ! gum is n only1 z 9 o!r animals1 cov]$ ) enamel1 to enable x to be> & to pres]ve a %>p5$ edge1 b ! enamel on ! upp] "p rises f ! bone ( ! too? ne>ly a qu>t] ( an in*1 & pres5t+ a convex surface outw>d1 & a concave )91 =ms a little scoop or gorge ( wond]ful execution4 ,! m\? ( ! lamb newly dropp$ is ei!r )\t incisor tee? or x has two4 ,! tee? rapidly succe$ to ea* o!r1 & be=e ! animal is a mon? old he has ! :ole ( ! eight4 ,!y cont9ue to gr[ ) 8 gr[? until he is ab\t f\rte5 or sixte5 mon?s old4 ,!n1 ) ! same previ\s process ( dim9ution z 9 cattle1 or c>ri$ to a /ill great] degree1 ! two c5tral tee? are %$1 & atta9 _! full gr[? :5 ! %eep is two ye>s old4 ,9 exam9+ a flock ( %eep1 h[ev]1 !re w (t5 be v consid]able diff]5ce 9 ! tee? ( ^? t h n be5 %e>$1 or ^? t h be5 once %e>$2 9 "s measure to be acc\nt$ = by a diff]5ce 9 ! "t ( lamb+1 & likewise by ! g5]al heal? & vigor ( ! animal4 ,!re w also be a mat]ial diff]5ce 9 diff]5t animals1 attributable to ! good or bad keep :i* !y h _h4 ,^? f$ on good l&1 or o!rwise well kept1 w g5]ally take ! />t ( o!rs t h be5 half />v$1 & r5ew _! tee? "s mon?s soon] ?an ^!4 ,!re are also irregul>ities 9 ! times ( r5ew+ ! tee?1 n to be acc\nt$ = by ei!r ( ^! circum/ances2 9 fact1 n to be expla9$ by any kn[n circum/ance relat+ to ! bre$ or ! keep ( ! %eep4 ,! want ( improvem5t 9 %eep1 :i* is occasionally obs]v$1 & :i* _c be acc\nt$ = by any defici5cy or *ange ( food1 may sometimes be ju/ly attribut$ to ! t5d]ness ( ! m\? :5 ! p]man5t tee? are protrud+ ?r\gh ! gums4 ,betwe5 two & ?ree ye>s old ! next two incisors are %$2 & :5 ! %eep is actually ?ree ye>s old1 ! f\r c5tral tee? are fully gr[n2 at f\r ye>s old1 he has six tee? fully gr[n2 & at five ye>s old--"o ye> be=e ! horse or ! ox c be said to be full-m\!d--all ! tee? are p]fectly develop$4 ,! %eep is a mu* %ort]-liv$ animal ?an ! horse1 & does n (t5 atta9 ! usual age ( ! ox4 ,_! natural age is ab\t t5 ye>s1 to :i* age !y w bre$ & ?rive well2 ?\gh !re are record$ in/ances ( _! bre$+ at ! age ( fifte51 & ( liv+ tw5ty ye>s4 ,! c>eless exam9] may be sometimes deceiv$ ) reg>d to ! f\r-ye>-old m\?4 ,he w see ! tee? p]fectly develop$1 no dim9utive ones at ! sides1 & ! m\? app>5tly full2 & !n1 )\t giv+ himself ! tr\ble ( c\nt+ ! tee?1 he w conclude t ! animal is five ye>s old4 ,a process ( displacem5t1 z well z ( dim9ution1 has tak5 place "h2 ! rema9+ outside milk-tee? h n only %runk to less ?an a f\r? "p ( _! orig9al size1 b ! f\r-ye>-old tee? h gr[n be=e !m & p]fectly conceal !m1 unless ! m\? is completely op5$4 ,aft] ! p]man5t tee? h all appe>$ & are fully gr[n1 !re is no crit]ion z to ! age ( ! %eep4 ,9 mo/ cases1 ! tee? rema9 s\nd = "o or two ye>s1 & !n1 at unc]ta9 int]vals--ei!r on acc\nt ( ! h>d "w 9 :i* !y h be5 employ$1 or f ! natural effect ( age--!y beg9 to loos5 & fall out2 or1 by reason ( _! natural sl5d]ness1 !y are brok5 (f4 ,:5 favorite ewes1 t h be5 kept = bre$+1 beg9 to lose condition1 at six or sev5 ye>s old1 _! m\?s %\ld be c>efully exam9$4 ,if any ( ! tee? are loose1 !y %\ld be extract$1 & a *ance giv5 to ! animal to %[ h[ f>1 by br[s+ e>ly & late1 %e may be able to make up = ! dim9i%$ numb] ( h] incisors4 ,x frequ5tly happ5s t ewes ) brok5 tee?1 & "s ) all ! incisors gone1 w keep pace 9 condition ) ! be/ 9 ! flock2 b !y mu/ be well tak5 c>e ( 9 ! w9t]1 &1 inde$1 nurs$ to an ext5t t w\ld sc>cely answ] ! f>m]'s purpose to adopt z a g5]al rule1 9 ord] to prev5t !m f decl9+ to su* a degree z w\ld make x v difficult aft]w>d to fatt5 !m = ! but*]4 ,x may c]ta9ly be tak5 z a g5]al rule1 t :5 %eep become brok5-m\!d !y beg9 to decl9e4 ,causes ( :i* ! f>m] is utt]ly ignorant1 or ov] :i* he has no control1 w sometimes ha/5 ! loss ( ! tee?4 ,"o ?+1 h[ev]1 is c]ta9--t close fe$+1 caus+ additional ex]cise1 does we> !m d[n2 & t ! %eep ( f>m]s :o /ock unusually & unseasonably h>d1 lose _! tee? mu* soon] ?an o!rs d4 ,,! ,,/ructure ,,( ,,! ,,sk94 ,! sk9 ( ! %eep1 9 common ) t ( mo/ animals1 is compos$ ( ?ree textures4 ,ext]nally is ! cuticle1 or sc>f-sk91 :i* is ?91 t\gh1 devoid ( feel+1 & pi]c$ by innum]able m9ute holes1 ?r\gh :i* pass ! fibres ( ! wool & ! ins5sible p]spiration4 ,x seems to be ( a scaly texture2 al?\gh is n s evid5t z 9 _m o!r animals1 on acc\nt ( a peculi> sub/ance--! yolk--:i* is plac$ on x1 to protect & n\ri% ! roots ( ! wool4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 suffici5tly evid5t 9 ! scab & o!r cutane\s eruptions to :i* ?is animal is liable4 ,bel[ ?is cuticle is ! rete mucosum1 a s(t /ructure2 its fibres hav+ sc>cely m consi/5ce ?an mucilage1 & be+ ) great difficulty sep>at$ f ! sk9 b5ea?4 ,?is appe>s to be plac$ z a def5ce to ! t]m9ations ( ! blood-vessels & n]ves ( ! sk91 :i* latt] are1 9 a mann]1 envelop$ & cov]$ by x4 ,! color ( ! sk91 & probably t ( ! hair or wool also1 is det]m9$ by ! rete mucosum2 or1 at lea/1 ! hair & wool are ( ! same color z ?is sub/ance4 ,b5ea? ! rete mucosum is ! cutis1 or true sk91 compos$ ( numb]less m9ute fibres cross+ ea* o!r 9 e direction2 highly ela/ic1 9 ord] to fit closely to ! p>ts b5ea?1 & to yield to ! v>i\s motions ( ! body2 & d5se & firm 9 its /ructure1 t x may resi/ ext]nal injury4 ,blood-vessels & n]ves innum]able pi]ce x1 & appe> on its surface 9 ! =m ( papillae1 or m9ute em95ces2 :ile1 ?r\gh ?\s&s ( little orifices1 ! exhal5t absorb5ts p\r out ! sup]flu\s or r$undant fluid4 ,! true sk9 is compos$1 pr9cipally or almo/ entirely1 ( gelat9e2 s t1 al?\gh x may be dissolv$ by long-cont9u$ boil+1 x is insoluble 9 wat] at ! common temp]ature4 ,?is organization seems to h be5 giv5 to x1 n only = ! sake ( its pres]vation :ile on ! liv+ animal1 b t x may aft]w>ds become useful to man4 ,! sub/ance ( ! hide readily comb9+ ) ! tann+ pr9ciple1 is conv]t$ into lea!r4 ,,! ,,anatomy ,,( ,,! ,,wool4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,walla*ian ,,%eep4 ,on ! sk9 ( mo/ animals is plac$ a cov]+ ( fea!rs1 fur1 hair1 or wool4 ,^! are all ess5tially ! same 9 composition1 be+ compos$ ( an animal sub/ance resembl+ coagulat$ album51 toge!r ) sulphur1 silica1 c>bonate & phosphate ( lime1 & oxides ( iron & manganese4 ,wool is n conf9$ to ! %eep4 ,! "u-hair ( "s goats is n only f9] ?an ! fleece ( any %eep1 b x occasionally has ! crisp$ appe>ance ( wool2 be+1 9 fact1 wool ( diff]5t qualities 9 diff]5t bre$s--9 "s1 rivall+ or excell+ t ( ! %eep1 b 9 o!rs v co>se4 ,a portion ( wool is also f\nd on _m o!r animals2 z ! de]1 elk1 ! ox5 ( ,t>t>y & ,hudson's ,bay1 ! gnu1 ! camel1 _m ( ! fur-clad animals1 ! sable1 ! polecat1 & sev]al species ( ! dog4 ,judg+ f ! mixture ( wool & hair 9 ! coat ( mo/ animals1 & ! relative situation ( ^! mat]ials1 x is n improbable t su* 0 ! "* ( ! fleece ( ! primitive %eep4 ,x has1 inde$1 be5 ass]t$ t ! primitive %eep 0 entirely cov]$ ) hair2 b ?is is1 d\btless1 incorrect4 ,!re exi/s1 at ! pres5t day1 v>ieties ( ! %eep occupy+ ext5sive di/ricts1 t are clo!d outw>dly ) hair ( diff]5t degrees ( f95ess & sleekness2 & und]nea? ! ext]nal coat is a s(t]1 %ort]1 & clos] "o1 t answ]s to ! description ( fur--accord+ to mo/ travell]s--b :i* really possesses all ! *>act]i/ics ( wool4 ,x is1 !re=e1 highly improbable t ! %eep--:i* has n[ become1 by cultivation1 ! wool-be>+ animal 9 a pre-em95t degree--%\ld1 9 any c\ntry1 at any "t1 h ev] be5 entirely de/itute ( wool4 ,%eep ( almo/ e v>iety h at times be5 9 ! g>d5s ( ! ,london 7,eng47 ,zooelogical ,society2 b !re has n be5 "o on :i* a portion ( crisp$ wool1 al?\gh exce$+ly small1 has n be5 discov]$ b5ea? ! hair4 ,9 all ! regions ov] :i* ! patri>*s w&]$1 & ext5d+ nor?w>d ?r\gh ! great] "p ( ,europe & ,asia1 ! %eep is ext]nally cov]$ ) hair2 b und]nea? is a f9e1 %ort1 d[ny wool1 f :i* ! hair is easily sep>at$4 ,?is is ! case ) ! %eep at ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope1 & also 9 ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,! *ange f hair to wool1 ?\gh mu* influ5c$ by temp]ature1 has be5 *iefly effect$ by cultivation4 ,:]ev] hairy %eep are n[ f\nd ! managem5t ( ! animal is 9 a mo/ disgraceful /ate2 & among ! cultivat$ %eep ! rema9s ( ?is anci5t hairy cov]+ only exi/s1 to any great ext5t1 among ^? t are comp>atively neglect$ or ab&on$4 ,! filam5t ( ! wool has sc>cely pu%$ itself ?r\gh ! pore ( ! sk91 :5 x has to p5etrate ?r\gh ano!r & s+ul> sub/ance1 :i*1 f its adhesiv5ess & color1 is call$ ! yolk4 ,?is is f\nd 9 greate/ quantity ab\t ! brea/ & %\ld]s--! v p>ts t produce ! be/1 & heal?ie/1 & mo/ abundant wool--& 9 proportion z x ext5ds1 9 any consid]able degree1 ov] o!r p>ts1 ! wool is !n improv$4 ,x diff]s 9 quantity 9 diff]5t bre$s4 ,x is v abundant on ! ,m]9os2 x is suffici5tly pl5tiful on mo/ ( ! s\!rn bre$s1 ei!r to assi/ 9 ! production ( ! wool1 or to def5d ! %eep f ! inclem5cy ( ! wea!r2 b 9 ! nor!rn di/ricts1 :]e ! cold is m int5se & ! yolk ( wool is defici5t1 a sub/itute = x is sometimes s\ght by sme>+ ! %eep ) a mixture ( t>1 oil1 or butt]4 ,:]e !re is a defici5cy ( yolk1 ! fibre ( ! wool is dry1 h>%1 & weak1 & ! :ole fleece becomes ?9 & hairy2 :]e ! natural quantity ( x is f\nd1 ! wool is s(t1 oily1 pl5tiful & /rong4 ,?is yolk is n ! inspissat$ or ?ick5$ p]spiration ( ! animal2 x is n compos$ ( matt] :i* has be5 accid5tally pick$ up1 & :i* has lodg$ 9 ! wool2 b x is a peculi> secretion f ! gl&s ( ! sk91 de/9$ to be "o ( ! ag5ts 9 ! n\ri%m5t ( ! wool1 & at ! same "t1 by its adhesiv5ess1 to mat ! wool toge!r1 & =m a secure def5ce f ! wet & cold4 ,*emical exp]im5ts h e/abli%$ its composition1 z foll[s3 fir/1 ( a soapy matt] ) a basis ( pota%1 :i* =ms ! great] "p ( x2 second1 a small quantity ( c>bonate ( pota%2 ?ird1 a p]ceptible quantity ( acetate ( pota%2 f\r?1 lime1 9 a peculi> & unkn[n /ate ( comb9ation2 fif?1 an atom ( muriate ( pota%2 six?1 an animal oil1 to :i* its peculi> odor is attributable4 ,all ^! mat]ials are believ$ to be ess5tial to ! yolk1 & n f\nd 9 x by m]e accid5t1 s9ce ! yolk ( a great numb] ( samples--,spani%1 ,fr5*1 ,engli%1 & ,am]ican--has be5 subject$ to repeat$ analyses1 ) ! same result4 ,! yolk be+ a true soap1 soluble 9 wat]1 x is n difficult to acc\nt = ! comp>ative ease ) :i* %eep t h ! natural proportion ( x are wa%$ 9 a runn+ /ream4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 a small quantity ( fatty matt] 9 ! fleece1 :i* is n 9 comb9ation ) ! alkali1 & :i*1 rema9+ atta*$ to ! wool1 keeps x a little glut9\s1 not)/&+ ! mo/ c>eful wa%+4 ,! fibre ( ! wool hav+ p5etrat$ ! sk9 & escap$ f ! yolk1 is ( a circul> =m1 g5]ally l>g] t[>d ! extremity1 & also t[>d ! root1 & 9 "s in/ances v consid]ably s4 ,! filam5ts ( :ite wool1 :5 cleans$ f grease1 are semi-transp>5t2 _! surface 9 "s places is beautifully poli%$1 9 o!rs curi\sly incru/$1 & !y reflect ! rays ( light 9 a v pleas+ mann]4 ,:5 view$ by ! aid ( a p[]ful a*romatic microscope1 ! c5tral "p ( ! fibre has a s+ul>ly glitt]+ appe>ance4 ,m9ute filam5ts1 plac$ v regul>ly1 are sometimes se5 bran*+ f ! ma9 trunk1 l b\ghs f ! pr9cipal /em4 ,?is ext]ior poli% v>ies mu* 9 diff]5t wools1 & 9 wools f ! same bre$ ( %eep at diff]5t times4 ,:5 ! animal is 9 good condition1 & ! fleece heal?y1 ! appe>ance ( ! fibre is really brilliant2 b :5 ! /ate ( ! con/itution is bad1 ! fibre has a dull appe>ance1 & ei!r a wan1 pale light1 or sometimes sc>cely any1 is reflect$4 ,z a g5]al rule1 ! filam5t is mo/ transp>5t 9 ! be/ & mo/ useful wools1 :e!r long or %ort4 ,x increases ) ! improvem5t ( ! bre$1 & ! f95ess & heal?9ess ( ! fleece2 yet x mu/ be admitt$ t "s wools h diff]5t degrees ( ! transp>5cy & opacity1 :i* d n appe> to affect _! value & utility4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 ! diff]5ce ( transp>5cy 9 ! same fleece1 or 9 ! same filam5t1 t is *iefly to be notic$ z improv+ ! value ( ! wool4 ,z to ! size ( ! fibre1 ! t]ms f9e & co>se1 z commonly us$1 are b vague & g5]al descriptions ( wool4 ,all f9e fleeces h "s co>se wool1 & all co>se fleeces "s f9e4 ,! mo/ accurate classification is to di/+ui% ! v>i\s qualities ( wool 9 ! ord] 9 :i* !y are e/eem$ & pref]r$ by ! manufactur]--z ! foll[+3 fir/1 f95ess ) close gr\nd1 t is1 ?ick-matt$ gr\nd2 second1 pur5ess2 ?ird1 /raight-hair$1 :5 brok5 by draw+2 f\r?1 ela/icity1 ris+ aft] compression 9 ! h&2 fif?1 /aple n too long2 six?1 color2 sev5?1 :at co>se exi/s to be v co>se2 eigh?1 t5acity2 & n9?1 n mu* pit*-m>k1 ?\gh ?is is no disadvantage1 except ! loss ( weight 9 sc\r+4 ,! bad or disagreeable prop]ties are--?91 gr\nd$1 tossy1 curly-hair$1 &1 if 9 a sort$ /ate1 little 9 x t is v f9e2 a t5d] /aple1 z ela/icity1 _m dead :ite hairs1 v yolky4 ,^? :o buy wool = comb+ & o!r light goods t d n ne$ mill+1 wi% to f9d l5g? ( /aple1 f95ess ( hair1 :it5ess1 t5acity1 pur5ess1 ela/icity1 & n too _m pit*-m>ks4 ,! prop]ty fir/ attract+ att5tion1 & be+ ( great] importance ?an any o!r1 is ! f95ess ( ! pile--! quantity ( f9e wool :i* a fleece yields1 & ! degree ( t f95ess4 ,( ! absolute f95ess1 little c be said1 v>y+1 z x does1 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! same fleece to a v consid]able degree1 & ! diamet] ( ! same fibre (t5 be+ exce$+ly diff]5t at ! extremity & ! c5tre4 ,! micromet] has sometimes indicat$ t ! diamet] ( ! =m] is five times z mu* z t ( ! latt]2 &1 consequ5tly1 t a giv5 l5g? ( yield tak5 f ! extremity w\ld weigh tw5ty-five times z mu* z ! same l5g? tak5 f ! c5tre & cleans$ f all yolk & grease4 ,t fibre may be consid]$ z co>se ^: diamet] is m ?an ! five-hundr$? "p ( an in*2 9 "s ( ! mo/ valuable samples ( ,saxony wool x has n exce$$ ! n9e-hundr$? "p2 yet 9 "s animals1 ^: wool has n be5 us$ = manufactur+ purposes1 x is less ?an "o twelve-hundr$? "p4 ,! extremities ( ! wool1 & frequ5tly ^? portions :i* are ne> to ! root1 are l>g] ?an ! int]m$iate p>ts4 ,! extremity ( ! fibre has1 g5]ally1 ! greate/ bulk ( all4 ,x is ! product ( summ]1 soon aft] %e>+-"t1 :5 ! secretion ( ! matt] ( ! wool is increas$1 & :5 ! pores ( ! sk9 are relax$ & op51 & p]mit a l>g] fibre to protrude4 ,! portion ne> ! root is ! gr[? ( spr+1 :5 ! wea!r is gett+ w>m2 & ! int]m$iate "p is ! (fspr+ ( w9t]1 :5 "u ! influ5ce ( ! cold ! pores ( ! sk9 contract1 & p]mit only a f9] hair to escape4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! animal is well f$1 ! dim9ution ( ! bulk ( ! fibre w n be foll[$ by weakness or decay1 b1 9 proportion z ! pile becomes f9e1 ! value ( ! fleece w be increas$2 :]eas1 if cold & />vation %\ld g h&-9-h&1 ! woolly fibre w n only dim9i% 9 bulk1 b 9 heal?1 /r5g?1 & wor?4 ,! v>iations 9 ! diamet] ( ! wool 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! fibre w also curi\sly correspond ) ! degree ( heat at ! "t ! respective portions 7 produc$4 ,! fibre ( ! wool & ! record ( ! meteorologi/ w s+ul>ly agree1 if ! v>iations 9 temp]ature are suffici5tly di/9ct f ea* o!r = any appreciable "p ( ! fibre to =m4 ,x foll[s f ?is1 t--! natural t5d5cy to produce wool ( a c]ta9 fibre be+ ! same--%eep 9 a hot climate w yield a comp>atively co>se wool1 & ^? 9 a cold climate w c>ry a f9]1 b at ! same "t a clos] & a w>m] fleece4 ,9 proportion to ! co>s5ess ( a fleece w g5]ally be its op5ness1 & its inability to resi/ ei!r cold or wet2 :ile ! coat ( s(t]1 small]1 m pliable wool w admit ( no int]/ices betwe5 its fibres1 & w bid defiance to fro/ & /orms4 ,! natural in/9ct ( ! %eep w\ld seem to tea* ! wool-gr[] ! advantage ( att5d+ to ! influ5ce ( temp]ature ^u ! animal4 ,he is evid5tly impati5t ( heat4 ,9 ! op5 di/ricts1 & :]e no %elt] is ne>1 he climbs to ! highe/ p>ts ( 8 walk1 t1 if ! rays ( ! sun mu/ /ill fall on him1 he may nev]!less be cool$ by ! breeze2 b1 if %elt] is ne>1 ( :atev] k9d1 e %ad$ spot is cr[d$ ) %eep4 ,! wool ( ! ,m]9os aft] %e>+-"t is h>d & co>se to su* a degree z to r5d] x v difficult to suppose t ! same animal c\ld be> wool s opposite 9 quality1 comp>$ ) t :i* _h be5 clipp$ f x 9 ! c\rse ( ! same season4 ,z ! cold wea!r advances1 ! fleeces recov] _! s(t quality4 ,pa/ure has a f> great] influ5ce on ! f95ess ( ! fleece4 ,! /aple ( ! wool1 l e o!r "p ( ! %eep1 mu/ increase 9 l5g? or 9 bulk :5 ! animal has a sup]abundance ( nutrim5t2 &1 on ! o!r h&1 ! secretion :i* =ms ! wool mu/ decrease l e o!r1 :5 suffici5t n\ri%m5t is n af=d$4 ,:5 little cold has be5 exp]i5c$ 9 ! w9t]1 & vegetation has sc>cely be5 *eck$1 ! %eep yields an abundant crop ( wool1 b ! fleece is p]ceptibly co>s] z well z heavi]4 ,:5 ! fro/ has be5 sev]e1 & ! gr\nd long cov]$ ) sn[1 if ! flock has be5 fairly suppli$ ) nutrim5t1 al?\gh ! fleece may h lo/ a little 9 weight1 x w h acquir$ a sup]ior degree ( f95ess1 & a proportional increase ( value4 ,%\ld1 h[ev]1 ! %eep h be5 neglect$ & />v$ dur+ ?is cont9u$ cold wea!r1 ! fleece z well z ! c>cass is ?9n]1 & al?\gh x may h pres]v$ its smallness ( filam5t1 x has lo/ 9 weight1 & /r5g?1 & usefulness4 ,connect$ ) f95ess is tru5ess ( /aple--z equal 9 gr[? z possible ov] ! animals--a fre$om f ^? %aggy portions1 "h & !re1 :i* are occasionally obs]v$ on poor & neglect$ %eep4 ,^! portions are always co>se & comp>atively wor?less1 & !y indicate an irregul> & unheal?y action ( ! secretion ( wool1 :i* w also probably weak5 or r5d] ! fibre diseas$ 9 o!r p>ts4 ,includ$ 9 tru5ess ( fibre is ano!r circum/ance to :i* allusion has already be5 made--a fre$om f co>se hairs :i* project above ! g5]al level ( ! wool 9 v>i\s p>ts1 or1 if !y are n ext]nally se51 m+le ) ! wool & debase its qualities4 ,s\ndness is closely associat$ ) tru5ess4 ,x means1 g5]ally speak+1 /r5g? ( ! fibre1 & also a fre$om f ^? brea*es or )]$ portions ( :i* some?+ has previ\sly be5 said4 ,! eye w readily detect ! brea*es2 b ! hair g5]ally may n possess a degree ( /r5g? proportion$ to its bulk4 ,?is is asc]ta9$ by draw+ a few hairs out ( ! /aple1 & grasp+ ea* ( !m s+ly by bo? ends1 & pull+ !m until !y break4 ,! wool (t5 becomes injur$ by felt+ :ile x is on ! %eep's back4 ,?is is pr9cipally se5 9 ! heavy bre$s1 especially ^? t are neglect$ & half-/>v$1 & g5]ally beg9s 9 ! w9t] season1 :5 ! coat has be5 completely saturat$ ) wat]1 & x increases until %e>+-"t1 unless ! cob sep>ates f ! wool b5ea?1 & drops (f4 ,wool is g5]ally injur$ by keep+4 ,x w probably increase a little 9 weight = a few mon?s1 especially if kept 9 a damp place2 b aft] t x w some:at rapidly become light]1 until a v consid]able loss w (t5 be su/a9$4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is n ! moral ( ! case2 =1 except v great c>e is tak51 ! mo? w get into ! bundles & injure & de/roy ! /aple2 & t :i* rema9s unt\*$ by !m w become consid]ably h>% & less pliable4 ,if to ?is ! loss ( ! int]e/ ( money is add$1 x w be se5 t he seldom acts wisely :o ho>ds 8 wool1 :5 he c obta9 :at approa*es to a fair remun]at+ price = x4 ,s(tness ( ! wool is evid5tly connect$ ) ! pres5ce & quality ( ! yolk4 ,?is sub/ance is und\bt$ly design$ n only to n\ri% ! hair1 b to give x ri*ness & pliability4 ,! gr[? ( ! yolk ought to be promot$1 & agriculturi/s ought to pay m att5tion to ! quantity & quality ( yolk possess$ by ! animals select$ = ! purpose ( bre$+4 ,bad managem5t impairs ! pliability ( ! wool1 by arre/+ ! secretion ( ! yolk4 ,! s(tness ( ! wool is also mu* influ5c$ by ! *emical elem5ts ( ! soil4 ,a *alky soil notori\sly det]iorates x2 m9ute p>ticles ( ! *alk be+ necess>ily br\ght into contact ) ! fleece & mix+ ) x1 h a corrosive effect on ! fibre1 & h>d5 x & r5d] x less pliable4 ,! p>ticles ( *alk come 9 contact ) ! yolk--!re be+ a *emical aff9ity betwe5 ! alkali & ! oily matt] ( ! yolk--imm$iately unite1 & a true soap is =m$4 ,! fir/ /orm wa%es a portion ( x2 & ! wool1 depriv$ ( its natural pabulum & ungu5t1 loses "s ( its vital prop]ties--its pliability among ! re/4 ,! slight degree ( h>%ness :i* has be5 attribut$ to ! ,engli% ,s\?-,d[n has be5 expla9$ 9 ?is way4 ,! felt+ prop]ty ( wool is a t5d5cy ( ! fibres to entangle !mselves toge!r1 & to =m a mass m or less difficult to unravel4 ,by moi/ure & pressure1 ! fibres ( ! wool may become matt$ or felt$ toge!r into a species ( clo?4 ,! manufacture ( felt 0 ! fir/ mode 9 :i* wool 0 appli$ to clo?+1 & felt has long be5 9 univ]sal use = hats4 ,! full+ ( flannels & broadclo?s is effect$ by ! felt+ pr9ciple4 ,by ! jo9t influ5ce ( ! moi/ure & ! pressure1 c]ta9 ( ! fibres are br\ght into m intimate contact ) ea* o!r2 !y adh]e--n only ! fibres1 b2 9 a mann]1 ! ?reads--& ! clo? is tak5 f ! mill %ort5$ 9 all its dim5sions2 x has become a k9d ( felt1 = ! ?reads h disappe>$1 & x c be cut 9 e direction ) v little or no unravell+2 x is altoge!r a ?ick]1 w>m]1 s(t] fibre4 ,?is felt+ prop]ty is "o ( ! mo/ valuable qualities possess$ by wool1 & on ?is prop]ty are ! f9] k9ds ( wool especially valu$ by ! manufactur] = ! f9e/ broadclo?s4 ,?is naturally sugge/s a consid]ation ( ! v>i\s =ms 9 ! /ructure on :i* x dep5ds4 ,! mo/ evid5t di/9ction betwe5 ! qualities ( hair & wool is ! comp>ative /raightness ( ! =m]1 & ! crisp$ or spirally-curl+ =m :i* ! latt] assumes4 ,if a little lock ( wool is held up to ! light1 e fibre ( x is twi/$ into num]\s m9ute corkscrew-l r+lets4 ,?is is especially se5 9 ! fleece ( ! %ort-wooll$ %eeps2 b1 al?\gh less /rik+1 x is obvi\s ev5 9 wool ( ! l>ge/ /aple4 ,! spirally-curv+ =m ( wool us$1 errone\sly1 to be consid]$ z ! *ief di/9ction betwe5 ! cov]+ ( ! goat & ! %eep2 b ! "u-coat ( "s ( ! =m] is f9] ?an t ( any %eep1 & x is n[ ackn[l$g$ frequ5tly to h ! crisp$ & curl$ appe>ance ( wool4 ,9 "s bre$s ( cattle1 p>ticul>ly 9 "o v>iety ( ! ,devons1 ! hair assumes a curl$ & wavy appe>ance1 & a few ( ! m9ute spiral r+lets h be5 occasionally se54 ,x is ! same ) _m ( ! ,highl&s2 b !re is no det]m9ation to take on ! true crisp$ "*1 & ?r\gh\t its :ole ext5t1 & x is /ill no?+ b hair4 ,on "s =eign bre$s1 h[ev]1 z ! yak ( ,t>t>y1 & ! ox ( ,hudson's ,bay1 "s f9e & valuable wool is produc$4 ,!re is an intimate connection betwe5 ! f95ess ( ! wool & ! numb] ( ! curves1 at lea/ 9 %eep yield+ wool ( ne>ly ! same l5g?2 s t1 :e!r ! wool ( diff]5t %eep is exam9$1 or t f diff]5t p>ts ( ! same %eep1 x is en\gh = ! obs]v] to take advice ( ! numb] ( curves 9 a giv5 space1 9 ord] to asc]ta9 ) suffici5t accuracy ! f95ess ( ! fibre4 ,to ?is curl$ =m ( ! wool n en\gh att5tion is1 z a g5]al ?+1 paid by ! bre$]4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 t on :i* its mo/ valuable uses dep5d4 ,x is t :i* is ess5tial to x 9 ! manufactory ( clo?s4 ,! object ( ! c>d] is to break ! wool 9 pieces at ! curves--! pr9ciple ( ! ?read is ! adhesion ( ! p>ticles toge!r by _! curves2 & ! f95ess ( ! ?read1 & consequ5t f95ess ( ! clo?1 w dep5d on ! m9ut5ess ( ^! curves1 or ! numb] ( !m f\nd 9 a giv5 l5g? ( fibre4 ,x w readily be se5 t ?is curl+ =m has mu* to d ) ! felt+ prop]ty ( wool2 x mat]ially contributes to t disposition 9 ! fibres :i* enables !m to atta* & intw9e !mselves toge!r2 x multiplies ! opportunities = ?is int]lac+1 & x increases ! difficulty ( unravell+ ! felt4 ,! felt+ prop]ty ( wool is ! mo/ important1 z well z ! di/+ui%+ "o2 b x v>ies ess5tially 9 diff]5t bre$s1 & ! usefulness & ! consequ5t value ( ! fleece1 = clo?+ purposes1 at lea/1 dep5d on ! degree to :i* x is pursu$4 ,! s]rat$--not*$1 l ! tee? ( a saw--edge ( wool1 :i* has be5 discov]$ by means ( ! microscope1 is also1 z well z ! spiral curl1 deem$ an important quality 9 ! felt+ prop]ty4 ,repeat$ microscopic obs]vations h remov$ all d\bts z to ! g5]al outl9e ( ! woolly fibre4 ,x consi/s ( a c5tral /em or /alk1 probably holl[1 or1 at lea/1 por\s1 possess+ a semi-transp>5cy1 n f\nd 9 ! fibre ( hair4 ,f ?is c5tral /alk !re spr+s1 at diff]5t di/ances1 on diff]5t bre$s ( %eep1 a circlet ( leaf-%ap$ projections4 ,,long ,,wool4 ,! mo/ valuable ( ! long-wooll$ fleeces are ( ,briti% orig94 ,a consid]able quantity is produc$ 9 ,france & ,belgium2 b ! manufactur]s 9 ^? c\ntries ackn[l$ge ! sup]iority ( ! ,briti% wool4 ,long wool is di/+ui%$1 z its "n w\ld import1 by ! l5g? ( its /aple1 ! av]age ( :i* is ab\t eight in*es4 ,x 0 mu* improv$1 ( late ye>s1 bo? 9 ,engl& & 9 o!r c\ntries4 ,its /aple has1 )\t detrim5t to its manufactur+ qualities1 become %ort]2 b x has also become f9]1 tru]1 & s\nd]4 ,! long-wooll$ %eep has be5 improv$ m ?an any o!r bre$2 & ! pr9cipal error :i* ,bakewell committ$ hav+ be5 repair$ s9ce 8 dea?1 ! long wool has progressively ris5 9 value1 at lea/ = curl+ purposes4 ,"s ( ! bre$s h /aples ( d\ble ! l5g? t has be5 m5tion$ z ! av]age "o4 ,pa/ure & bre$+ are ! p[]ful ag5ts "h4 ,probably because ! ,leice/] blood prevails 91 or1 at lea/1 m+les )1 e o!r long-wooll$ bre$1 a great simil>ity 9 ! appe>ance & quality ( ?is fleece has become app>5t1 ( late ye>s1 9 e di/rict ( ,engl&4 ,! %ort-wooll$ fleeces are1 to a v consid]able degree1 unlike 9 f95ess1 ela/icity1 & felt+ prop]ty2 ! %eep !mselves are /ill m unlike2 b ! long-wools h1 9 a great degree1 lo/ _! di/9ctive po9ts--! ,l9coln1 = example1 has n all ( 8 =m] gaunt c>cass1 & co>se1 entangl$ wool--! ,cotswold has become a v>iety ( ! ,leice/]--9 fact1 all ! long-wooll$ %eep1 bo? 9 appe>ance & fleece1 h almo/ become ( "o v>iety2 & r>ely1 except f culpable neglect 9 ! bre$]1 has ! fleece be5 injuri\sly weak5$1 or too mu* %ort5$1 = ! mo/ valuable purposes to :i* x is devot$4 ,9 addition to its l5g?1 ?is wool is *>act]iz$ by its /r5g?1 its transp>5cy1 its comp>ative /\tness1 & ! slight degree 9 :i* x possesses ! felt+ prop]ty4 ,s9ce ! ext5sion ( ! process ( comb+ to wools ( a %ort] /aple1 ! application ( ?is wool to manufactur+ purposes has und]gone consid]able *ange4 ,9 "s respects1 ! range ( its use has be5 limit$2 b its dem& has1 on ! :ole1 increas$1 & its value is m highly appreciat$4 ,inde$1 !re are c]ta9 important bran*es ( ! wooll5 manufacture1 su* z wor/$ /uffs1 bombaz9es1 musl9-dela9es1 etc41 9 :i* x c nev] be sup]s$$2 & its rapid ext5sion 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 )9 ! pa/ few ye>s1 cle>ly %[s t a l>ge & increas+ dem& = ?is k9d ( wool w cont9ue at remun]at+ prices4 ,?is long wool is class$ "u two divisions1 di/+ui%$ bo? by l5g? & ! f95ess ( ! fibre4 ,! fir/--! long-comb+ wool--is us$ = ! manufacture ( h>d y>n1 & ! wor/$ goods = :i* t ?read is adapt$1 & requires ! /aple to be long1 firm1 & little dispos$ to felt4 ,! %ort-comb+ wool has1 z its "n implies1 a %ort] /aple1 & is f9] & m felty2 ! felt is also clos] & s(t]1 & is *iefly us$ = hosi]y goods4 ,,middle ,,wool4 ,?is article is ( m rec5t orig9 ?an ! =m]1 b has rapidly increas$ 9 quantity & value4 ,x c nev] sup]s$e1 b w only /& next 9 e/imation to1 ! native ,engli% long fleece4 ,x is yield$ by ! half-br$ %eep--a race t becomes m num]\s e ye>--be+ a cross ( ! ,leice/] ram ) ! ,s\?-,d[n1 or "s o!r %ort-wooll$ ewe2 reta9+ ! fatt5+ prop]ty & ! e>ly maturity ( ! ,leice/]1 or ( bo?2 & ! wool d]iv+ l5g? & /raightness ( fibre f ! "o1 & f95ess & felt9ess f ! o!r4 ,! av]age l5g? ( /aple is ab\t five in*es4 ,!re is no description ( ! f9] /uff-goods 9 :i* ?is wool is n mo/ ext5sively & advantage\sly employ$2 & ! nails1 or portions :i* are brok5 (f by ! comb1 & left 91 :e!r belong+ to ?is description ( wool or to ! long wool1 are us$ 9 ! manufacture ( sev]al species ( clo? ( no inf]ior quality or value4 ,"u ! bre$ ( middle wools mu/ be class$ ^? :i*1 :5 !re 7 b two divisions1 7 kn[n by ! "n ( %ort wools2 & if ,engli% productions 7 alone treat$ (1 w\ld /ill reta9 ! same di/9ctive appellation4 ,to ?is class belong ! ,s\?-,d[n & ,*eviot2 toge!r ) ! fleece ( sev]al o!r bre$s1 n s num]\s1 nor occupy+ s great an ext5t ( c\ntry4 ,f ! *ange1 h[ev]1 :i* ins5sibly took place 9 !m all--! l5g!n+1 & ! increas$ ?ickness ( ! fibre1 &1 m especially1 f ! gradual introduction ( o!r wools possess+ delicacy ( fibre1 pliability1 & felt+ qualities beyond :at ^! c\ld claim1 & at ! same "t1 be+ *eap] 9 ! m>ket--!y lo/ gr\nd 9 ! manufacture ( ! f9] clo?s1 & h = "s "t ceas$ to be us$ 9 ! production ( !m4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! *anges :i* h tak5 place 9 ! con/ruction ( ma*9]y h multipli$ ! purposes to :i* !y may be devot$1 & v consid]ably enhanc$ _! value4 ,^! wools1 ( late1 rank among ! comb+ wools2 !y are prep>$ z mu* by ! comb z by ! c>d1 & 9 "s places m4 ,on ?is acc\nt !y meet ) a readi] sale1 at fair1 remun]at+ prices1 consid]+ ! increas$ weight ( ea* individual fleece1 & ! increas$ weight & e>li] maturity ( ! c>cass4 ,! ,s\?-,d[ns yield ab\t sev5-t5?s ( ! pure %ort wools gr[n 9 ! ,briti% k+doms2 b ! half-br$ %eep has1 z has be5 rem>k$1 encroa*$ on ! pure %ort-wooll$ "o4 ,! av]age /aple ( middle-wooll$ %eep is ?ree & a half in*es4 ,^! wools are employ$ 9 ! manufacture ( flannels1 army & navy clo?s1 coat+s1 heavy clo?s = calico pr9t]s & pap] manufactur]s1 wooll5 cords1 co>se wooll5s1 & blankets2 besides be+ p>tially us$ 9 cass9ettes1 baizes1 bock+s1 c>pets1 druggets1 etc4 ,,%ort ,,wool4 ,f ?is division e wool ( ,engli% production is exclud$4 ,^! wools1 yield$ by ! ,m]9os1 are employ$1 unmix$1 9 ! manufacture ( ! f9] clo?s1 &1 comb9$ ) a small proportion ( wool f ! ,engli% bre$s1 9 o!rs ( an inf]ior value4 ,! av]age l5g? ( /aple is ab\t two & a half in*es4 ,^! wools ev5 may be submitt$ to ! action ( ! comb4 ,!re may be fibres only "o in* 9 l5g?2 b if !re are o!rs f two & a half to ?ree in*es1 s t ! av]age ( ! /aple %all be two in*es1 a ?read suffici5tly t5aci\s may1 f ! improv$ /ate ( ma*9]y1 be spun1 & _m delicate & beautiful fabrics readily wov51 :i* 7 unkn[n n _m ye>s ago4 ,illu/ration ,,cross+ ,,& ,,bre$+ ,no "o bre$ ( %eep comb9es ! highe/ p]fection 9 all ^? po9ts :i* give value to ?is race ( animals4 ,"o is rem>kable = ! weight1 or e>ly maturity1 or excell5t quality ( its c>cass1 :ile x is defici5t 9 quality or quantity ( wool2 & ano!r1 :i* is valuable = wool1 is comp>atively defici5t 9 c>cass4 ,"s v>ieties w fl\ri% only "u c]ta9 conditions ( food & climate2 :ile o!rs are mu* less affect$ by ^? conditions1 & w subsi/ "u ! greate/ v>iations ( temp]ature1 & on ! mo/ opposite qualities ( v]dure4 ,9 select+ a bre$ = any giv5 locality1 ref]5ce %\ld be _h1 fir/1 to ! fe$ & climate1 or ! surr\nd+ natural circum/ances2 &1 second1 to ! m>ket facilities & dem&4 ,*oice %\ld !n be made ( t bre$ :i*1 ) ! advantages possess$1 & "u all ! circum/ances1 w yield ! greate/ net value ( ! m>ketable product4 ,ri* l[l& h]bage1 9 a climate :i* all[s x to rema9 gre5 dur+ a l>ge portion ( ! ye>1 is favorable to ! production ( l>ge c>casses4 ,if conv5i5t to a m>ket :]e mutton f9ds a prompt sale & good prices1 !n all ! conditions are realiz$ :i* calls = a mutton-produc+1 z contradi/+ui%$ f a wool-yield+1 %eep4 ,"u su* circum/ances1 ! *oice %\ld und\bt$ly be made f ! improv$ ,engli% v>ieties--! ,s\?-,d[n1 ! ,new ,leice/]1 & ! improv$ ,cotswolds or ,new ,ox=d%ire %eep4 ,9 decid+ betwe5 ^!1 m9or & m specific circum/ances mu/ be tak5 into acc\nt4 ,if l>ge numb]s are to be kept1 ! ,d[ns w h]d--rema9 ?riv+ & heal?y :5 kept toge!r 9 l>ge numb]s--mu* bett] ?an ! two l>g] bre$s2 if ! fe$1 ?\gh g5]ally pl5tiful1 is liable to be some:at %ort dur+ ! dr\ghts ( summ]1 & !re is n a c]ta9 supply ( ! mo/ nutriti\s w9t] fe$1 ! ,d[ns w bett] endure occasional %ort keep2 if ! m>ket dem&s a *oice & high-flavor$ mutton1 ! ,d[ns possess a decid$ sup]iority4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 b few are to be kept 9 ! same enclosure1 ! l>ge bre$s w be z heal?y z ! ,d[ns2 if ! pa/ures are some:at wet or m>%y1 ! =m] w bett] subsi/ on ! rank h]bage :i* usually gr[s 9 su* situations2 if !y d n af=d s f9e a quality ( mutton1 !y--p>ticul>ly ! ,leice/]--possess an e>li] maturity1 & give m meat = ! am\nt ( food consum$1 z well z yield m tall[4 ,! next po9t ( comp>ison betwe5 ! long & ! middle wooll$ families1 is ! value ( _! wool4 ,?\gh n ! fir/ or pr9cipal object aim$ at 9 ! cultivation ( any ( ^! bre$s1 x is1 9 ?is c\ntry1 an important item ( incid5t 9 det]m9+ _! relative pr(itabl5ess4 ,! ,am]ican ,leice/] yields ab\t six p\nds ( long1 co>se1 comb+ wool2 ! ,cotswold1 some:at m2 b ?is p]haps c\nt]balanc$ by ^! consid]ations2 ! ,d[ns gr[ ?ree to f\r p\nds ( a l[ quality ( c>d+ wool4 ,none ( ^! wools are v salable1 at remun]at+ prices1 9 ! ,am]ican m>kets4 ,bo?1 h[ev]1 w appreciate 9 proportion to ! increase ( manufactures ( wor/$1 flannels1 baizes1 & ! l4 ,! diff]5ce 9 ! weight ( ! fleeces betwe5 ! bre$s is1 ( itself1 a less important consid]ation ?an x w\ld at fir/ appe>1 = reasons :i* w be giv5 :5 ! connection betwe5 ! am\nt ( wool produc$ & ! food consum$ by ! %eep is notic$4 ,! ,*eviots are unque/ionably inf]ior to ! bre$s above nam$1 except 9 a capacity to endure a vigor\s w9t] & to subsi/ on heal?y h]bage4 ,us$ 9 ! natural & artificial circum/ances :i* surr\nd %eep-husb&ry 9 _m p>ts ( ,engl&--:]e ! fatte/ & f9e/ quality ( mutton is consum$1 z almo/ ! only animal food ( ! labor+ classes--! heavy1 e>ly-matur+ ,new ,leice/]1 & ! /ill heavi] ,new ,ox=d%ire %eep seem exactly adapt$ to ! wants ( produc]s & consum]s1 & are ( unrivall$ value4 ,to depa/ure poor] soils1 su/a9 a fold+ sy/em1 & furni% ! mutton :i* supplies ! tables ( ! weal?y1 ! ,s\?-,d[n meets an equal requirem5t4 ,suffici5t att5tion is by no means paid 9 _m portions ( ! c\ntry to ! pr(it :i* c\ld be made to result f ! cultivation ( ! %eep4 ,"o ( ! mo/ s]i\s defects 9 ! preval5t husb&ry ( ,new ,engl&1 = example1 is ! neglect ( %eep4 ,t5 times ! pres5t numb] might be easily f$1 & !y w\ld give 9 meat1 wool1 & prog5y1 m direct pr(it ?an any o!r dome/ic animal1 :ile ! food :i* !y consume w\ld d m t[>ds f]tiliz+ ! f>ms ?an an equal am\nt consum$ by any o!r animal4 ,x is notori\s t ! pa/ures ( t section ( ! c\ntry h s]i\sly det]iorat$ 9 f]tility & become ov]run ) wor?less we$s & bu%es to ! exclusion ( nutriti\s grasses4 ,) %eep--z well z ) all o!r animals--mu* or prolong$ ex]cise 9 pursuit ( food1 or o!rwise1 is unfavorable to tak+ on fat4 ,"s seem to =get1 9 _! e>ne/ advocacy ( ! m]its ( ! diff]5t bre$s1 t ! g5]al physical laws :i* control ! developm5t ( all ! animal tissues z well z functions1 are uni=m4 ,bett] organs w1 d\btless1 make a bett] appropriation ( animal food2 & !y may be taught1 s to speak1 to appropriate x 9 p>ticul> directions3 9 "o bre$1 m especially to ! production ( fat2 9 ano!r1 ( muck1 or lean meat2 9 yet ano!r1 ( wool4 ,b1 ^! ?+s be+ equal1 l>ge animals w always require m food ?an small ones4 ,animals :i* are to be c>ri$ to a high /ate ( fatness mu/ h pl5tiful & nutriti\s food1 & !y mu/ ex]cise b little1 9 ord] to prev5t ! unnecess>y combu/ion 9 ! lungs ( t c>bon :i* =ms ne>ly f\r-fif?s ( _! fat4 ,no art ( bre$+ c c\nt]act ^! e/abli%$ laws ( ,nature4 ,9 in/itut+ a comp>ison betwe5 bre$s ( %eep = wool-gr[+ purposes1 x is und5iable t ! "q is n1 :at v>iety w %e> ! heavie/ or ev5 ! mo/ valuable fleece1 irrespective ( ! co/ ( production4 ,co/ ( fe$ & c>e1 & e o!r exp5se1 mu/ be d$uct$1 9 ord] to fairly te/ ! pr(its ( an animal4 ,if a l>ge %eep consume twice z mu* food z a small "o1 & give b once & a-half z mu* wool1 x is obvi\sly m pr(itable--o!r ?+s be+ equal--to keep two ( ! small] %eep4 ,! next "q1 !n1 is1--f :at bre$--) ! same exp5se 9 o!r p>ticul>s--w ! v]dure ( an acre ( l& produce ! greate/ value ( wool8 ,&1 fir/1 z to ! comp>ative am\nt ( food consum$ by ! sev]al bre$s4 ,!re are no satisfactory exp]im5ts :i* %[ t bre$1 9 itself consid]$1 has any p>ticul> influ5ce on ! quantity ( food consum$4 ,x is f\nd1 ) all v>ieties1 t ! consumption is 9 proportion to ! live weight ( ! gr[n animal4 ,( c\rse1 ?is rule is n inv>iable 9 its individual application2 b its g5]al s\ndness has be5 satisfactorily e/abli%$4 ,gr[n %eep take up betwe5 two & a half & ?ree & a ?ird p] c5t4 ( _! weight1 9 :at is equival5t to dry hay1 to keep !mselves 9 /ore condition4 ,! consumption ( food1 !n1 be+ proportion$ to ! weight1 x foll[s t1 if "o acre is capable ( su/a9+ ?ree ,m]9os1 weigh+ "o hundr$ p\nds ea*1 x w su/a9 two ,leice/]s1 weigh+ "o hundr$ & fifty ea*1 & two & two-fif? ,s\?-,d[ns1 weigh+ "o hundr$ & tw5ty-five ea*4 ,m]9os ( ?is weight (t5 %e> five p\nds p] fleece1 tak+ flocks ?r\gh4 ,! h]bage ( an acre1 !n1 w\ld give fifte5 p\nds ( ,m]9o wool1 twelve ( ,leice/]1 & b n9e & ?ree-fif?s ( ,s\?-,d[n--e/imat+ ! latt] z high z f\r p\nds to ! fleece4 ,ev5 ! f9e/ & lighte/-fleec$ %eep kn[n z ,m]9os av]age ab\t f\r p\nds to ! fleece2 s t ! fe$ ( an acre w\ld produce z mu* ( ! highe/ quality ( wool sold "u ! "n ( ,m]9o z x w\ld ( ,new ,leice/]1 & m ?an x w\ld ( ,s\?-,d[n1 :ile ! =m] w\ld be wor? f fifty to "o hundr$ p] c5t4 m p] p\nd ?an ei!r ( ! latt]4 ,nor does ?is indicate all ! actual diff]5ce1 z 9 ! =ego+ e/imate ! live weight ( ! ,engli% bre$s is plac$ l[1 & t ( ! ,m]9os high4 ,! live weight ( ! five-p\nd f9e-fleec$ ,m]9o does n exce$ n9ety p\nds2 x ranges1 9 fact1 f eighty to n9ety2 s t ?ree hundr$ p\nds ( live weight--x be+ und]/ood t all ( ^! live weights ref] to ewes 9 fair ord9>y1 or :at is call$ /ore1 condition--w\ld give a /ill great] product ( wool to ! acre4 ,x is p]fectly safe1 !re=e1 to say t ! h]bage ( an acre w uni=mly give ne>ly d\ble ! value ( ,m]9o t x w ( any ( ! ,engli% long or middle wools4 ,:at are ! o!r relative exp5ses ( ^! bre$s8 ,! full-blood$ ,leice/] is 9 no respect a h>di] %eep ?an ! ,m]9o1 ?\gh "s ( its crosses are mu* h>di] ?an ! pure-br$ %eep3 inde$1 x is less h>dy1 "u ! mo/ favorable circum/ances4 ,x is m subject to colds2 its con/itution m readily gives way "u disease2 ! lambs are m liable to p]i% f exposure to cold1 :5 newly dropp$4 ,"u unfavorable circum/ances--h]d$ 9 l>ge flocks1 fami%$ = fe$1 or subject$ to long j\rneys--its capacity to endure1 & its ability to rally f sad drawbacks1 d n comp>e1 ) ^? ( ! ,m]9o4 ,! high-br$ ,s\?-,d[n1 ?\gh consid]ably less h>dy ?an ! unimprov$ p>5t /ock1 is /ill fairly entitl$ to ! appellation ( a h>dy animal2 x is1 9 fact1 ab\t on a pace ) ! ,m]9o1 ?\gh x w n be> z h>d /ock+1 )\t a rapid dim9ution 9 size & quality4 ,if ! peculi> m]its ( ! animal are to be consid]$ 9 det]m9+ ! exp5ses1 z !y surely %\ld be1 ! sup]ior fecundity ( ! ,s\?-,d[n is a po9t 9 its favor1 z well = a wool-produc+ z a mutton %eep4 ,! ewe n only frequ5tly produces tw9 lambs--z d bo? ! ,m]9o & ,leice/]--b1 unlike ! latt]1 %e possesses nurs+ prop]ties to d ju/ice to !m4 ,?is advantage1 h[ev]1 is fully c\nt]balanc$ by ! sup]ior longevity ( ! ,m]9o4 ,all ! ,engli% mutton bre$s beg9 to rapidly det]iorate 9 am\nt ( wool1 capacity to fatt51 & g5]al vigor1 at ab\t five ye>s old2 & _! e>ly maturity is no (fset to ?is1 9 an animal kept = wool-gr[+ purposes4 ,?is e>ly decay requires e>li] & m rapid slaught] ?an is always economically conv5i5t1 or ev5 possible4 ,x is well1 on prop]ly /ock$ f>ms1 to slaught] or turn (f ! ,m]9o we!r at f\r or five ye>s old1 to make room = ! bre$+ /ock2 b he w n p>ticul>ly det]iorate1 & he w ri*ly pay ! way ) 8 fleece = sev]al ye>s long]4 ,bre$+ ewes are r>ely turn$ (f be=e eight1 & are frequ5tly kept until t5 ye>s old1 at :i* p]iod !y exhibit no great] m>ks ( age ?an d ! ,d[ns & ,leice/] at five or six4 ,in/ances are kn[n ( ,m]9o ewes bre$+ uni=mly until fifte5 ye>s old4 ,! improv$ ,cotswold is said to be h>di] ?an ! ,leice/]2 b ?is v>iety1 f _! great size1 & ! consequ5t am\nt ( food consum$ by !m1 toge!r ) ! o!r necess>y incid5ts connect$ ) ! bre$+ ( su* l>ge animals1 is incapacitat$ f be+ g5]ally introduc$ z a wool-gr[+ %eep4 ,all ! co>se races h "o advantage ov] ! ,m]9o3 !y are less subject to ! visitation ( ! ho(-ail1 & :5 untreat$1 ?is disease spreads ) less viol5ce & malignity among !m4 ,?is has be5 expla9$ by ! fact t _! ho(s d n gr[ long & turn "u f ! sides1 z d ^? ( ! ,m]9o1 & ?us reta9 dirt & fil? 9 con/ant contact ) ! foot4 ,tak+ into acc\nt all ! circum/ances connect$ ) ! peculi> managem5t ( ea* race1 toge!r ) all ! incid5ts1 exig5cies1 & risks ( ! husb&ry ( ea*1 x may be confid5tly ass]t$ t ! exp5ses1 o!r ?an ^? ( fe$1 are n small] p] head1 or ev5 9 ! numb] requir$ to /ock an acre1 9 ei!r ( ! ,engli% bre$s above ref]r$ to1 ?an 9 ! ,m]9o4 ,inde$1 x may well be d\bt$ :e!r any ( ^? ,engli% bre$s1 except ! ,s\?-,d[n1 is on an equality1 ev51 ) ! ,m]9o1 9 ^! respects4 ,= wool-gr[+ purposes1 ! ,m]9o1 !n1 possesses a m>k$ & decid$ sup]iority ov] ! be/ bre$s & families ( co>se-wooll$ %eep4 ,z a mutton %eep1 x is inf]ior to "s ( ^? bre$s2 al?\gh n s mu* z is popul>ly suppos$4 ,_m p]sons1 :o h nev] ta/$ ,m]9o mutton1 & :o h1 consequ5tly1 an unfavorable impression ( x1 w\ld1 if requir$ to consume ! fat & lean toge!r1 f9d x m palatable ?an ! lusci\s & ov]-fat ,new ,leice/]4 ,! mutton ( ! cross betwe5 ! ,m]9o & ! ,native w\ld c]ta9ly be pref]r$ to ! ,leice/]1 by anybody b an ,engli% labor]1 accu/om$ to ! latt]1 s9ce x is %ort-gra9$1 t5d]1 & ( good flavor4 ,! same is true ( ! crosses ) ! ,engli% v>ieties1 :i* w h]eaft] be treat$ ( m p>ticul>ly4 ,grade ,m]9o we!rs1 half-bloods1 = example1 are favorites ) ! drov] & but*]1 be+ ( good size1 extraord9>ily heavy = _! app>5t bulk1 by reason ( ! %ortness ( _! wool1 comp>$ ) ! co>se bre$s1 mak+ good mutton1 tall[+ well1 & _! pelts1 f ! great] weight ( wool on !m1 comm&+ an extra price4 ,9 speak+ ( ! ,m]9o 9 ?is connection1 no ref]5ce is made to ! ,saxons1 ?\gh !y are1 z is well kn[n1 pure-blood$ desc5dants ( ! =m]4 ,assum+ x1 !n1 z settl$1 t x is to ! ,m]9o race t ! wool-gr[] mu/ look = ! mo/ pr(itable %eep1 a few consid]ations are subjo9$ z to ! adaptability ( ! widely div]se sub-v>ieties ( ! race to ! wants & circum/ances ( diff]5t portions ( ! c\ntry4 ,^u ! fir/ introduction ( ! ,saxons1 !y 7 s\ght ) avidity by ! hold]s ( ! f9e-wooll$ flocks ( ! c\ntry1 consi/+ at t "t ( pure or grade ,m]9os4 ,"u ! decisive enc\ragem5t (f]$ bo? to ! wool-gr[] & ! manufactur] by ! t>iff ( #ahbh1 a great impetus 0 giv5 to ! production ( ! f9e/ wools1 & ! ,saxon ev]y:]e sup]s$$1 or br$ out by cross+1 ! ,spani% ,m]9os4 ,9 ,new ,york & ,new ,engl&1 ! latt] almo/ entirely disappe>$4 ,9 ! f9e-wool mania :i* ensu$1 weight ( fleece1 con/itution1 & e ?+ else1 7 sacrific$ to ! quality ( ! wool4 ,!n came ! t>iff ( #ahcb1 :i*1 z well z t ( #ahbh1 gave too mu* protection to bo? wool-gr[] & manufactur]1 into ^: pursuits agricultural & m]cantile speculators madly ru%$4 ,skill )\t capital1 capital )\t skill1 & 9 "s cases1 probably1 ?ir/ = ga9 )\t ei!r1 laid hold ( ^! favor$ avocations4 ,! natural & inevitable result foll[$4 ,9 ! f9ancial crisis ( #ahcg1 manufactur+1 & all o!r monet>y ent]prises :i* _h n be5 conduct$ ) skill & provid5ce1 & :i* 7 n bas$ on an adequate & va/ capital1 7 involv$ 9 a common de/ruction2 & ev5 ! mo/ solid & be/ conduct$ in/itutions ( ! c\ntry 7 %ak5 by ! fury ( ! explosion4 ,wool sudd5ly fell almo/ fifty p] c5t4 ,! gr[] began to be disc\rag$4 ,! bre$] ( ! delicate ,saxons--& !y compris$ ! flocks ( ne>ly all ! l>ge wool-gr[]s 9 ! c\ntry1 at t "t--c\ld n obta9 = 8 wool its actual fir/ co/ p] p\nd4 ,:5 ! ,saxon gr[]s f\nd t ! t>iff ( #ahdb br\ght !m no relief1 !y began to give up _! co/ly & c>efully nurs$ flocks4 ,! example once set1 x became contagi\s2 & !n 0 a p]iod :5 x seem$ z if all ! ,saxon %eep ( ! c\ntry w\ld be sacrific$ to ?is reaction4 ,_m ab&on$ wool-gr[+ altoge!r1 at a heavy sacrifice ( _! fixtures = re>+ %eep2 o!rs cross$ ) co>se-wooll$ bre$s2 &1 ru%+ f "o extreme to ! o!r1 "s ev5 cross$ ) ! ,engli% mutton bre$s2 or "s1 ) m judgm5t1 w5t back to ! p>5t ,m]9o /ock1 b usually select$ ! heavie/ & co>se/-wooll$ ,m]9os1 & ?us mat]ially det]iorat$ ! "* ( _! wool4 ,?is p]iod became di/+ui%$ by a mania = heavy fleeces4 ,! ,engli% crosses 71 h[ev]1 spe$ily ab&on$4 ,! ,m]9o rega9$ 8 supremacy1 lo/ = ne>ly a qu>t] ( a c5tury1 & aga9 became ! popul> favorite4 ,x 0 g5]ally adopt$ by ^? :o 7 comm5c+ flocks 9 ! new ,we/]n ,/ates1 & gives its type to ! %eep ( ^? regions4 ,! supply ( f9e wool1 !n1 proportionably decreas$1 & t ( m$ium & co>se increas$4 ,wools1 = conv5i5ce1 may be classifi$ z foll[s3 sup]f9e1 ! *oice/ quality gr[n 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & nev] gr[n "h except+ 9 comp>atively small quantities2 f9e1 good ord9>y ,saxon2 good m$ium1 ! highe/ quality ( wool usually kn[n 9 ! m>ket z ,m]9o2 m$ium1 ord9>y ,m]9o2 ord9>y1 grade ,m]9o & select$ ,s\?-,d[n fleeces2 &1 co>se1 ! ,engli% long-wools1 etc4 ,?is subdivision is1 p]haps1 m9ute en\gh = all practical purposes "h4 ,x soon became app>5t t1 to su/a9 our manufactur+ int]e/--t engag$ 9 ! manufacture ( f9e clo?s--! dim9ution ( f9e wools %\ld n only be at once arre/$1 b t ! gr[? ( !m %\ld be imm$iately & l>gely increas$4 ,an increas$ att5tion 0 accord+ly be/[$ ^u ?is bran* ( indu/ry1 & sections ( ! c\ntry :i* _h previ\sly held alo( f wool-gr[+1 emb>k$ 9 t call+ ) comm5dable ent]prise4 ,! climate nor? ( =ty-"o degrees1 or1 beyond all dispute1 nor? ( =ty-two degrees1 is too sev]e = any v>iety ( %eep commonly kn[n1 :i* be> ei!r sup]f9e or f9e wools4 ,9 fact1 ! only su* v>iety 9 any ?+ l g5]al use is ! ,saxon2 & ?is1 z has be5 rem>k$1 is a delicate %eep1 entirely incapable ( safely )/&+ our nor!rn w9t]s1 )\t good %elt]1 good & regul>ly-adm9i/]$ food1 & c>eful & skilful managem5t 9 all o!r p>ticul>s4 ,:5 ! season is a little m ?an usually back-h&1 s t grass does n />t prior to ! lamb+ season1 x is difficult to raise ! lambs ( ! mature ewes2 ! "y ewes w1 9 _m in/ances1 dis[n _! lambs1 or1 if !y own !m1 n h a drop ( milk = !m2 & if1 "u su* circum/ances1 z (t5 happ5s1 a nor!a/ or a nor?we/ /orm comes driv+ d[n1 be>+ sn[ or sleet 9 its w+s1 or !re is a sudd5 depression ( ! temp]ature f any cause1 no c>e w save multitudes ( lambs f p]i%+4 ,if ! "t ( hav+ ! lambs dropp$ is def]r$1 = ! purpose ( escap+ ^! evils1 !y w n atta9 size & /r5g? suffici5t to enable !m to pass safely ?r\gh _! fir/ w9t]4 ,nor? ( ! latitude la/ nam$1 x is necess>y1 z a g5]al rule1 t !y be dropp$ 9 ! fir/ half ( ,may1 to give !m ?is requisite size & /r5g?2 & occasional cold /orms come1 ne>ly e season1 up to t p]iod1 &1 n unfrequ5tly1 up to ! fir/ ( ,june4 ,^! consid]ations h _h _! weight ev5 ) ! few l>ge %eep-hold]s 9 t section1 ^: f>ms & build+s h be5 arrang$ ) exclusive ref]5ce to ! re>+ ( ^! %eep2 _m ( :om h adopt$ a ,m]9o cross4 ,) ! ord9>y f>m]s--! small %eep-own]s1 :o1 9 ! aggregate1 gr[ by f> ! l>ge/ portion ( ! nor!rn wools--! ,saxon %eep is1 = ^! reasons1 9 m>k$ disrepute4 ,!y h n ! necess>y fixtures = _! w9t] protection1 & are unwill+ to be/[ ! necess>y am\nt ( c>e on !m4 ,besides1 mutton & wool be+ ab\t an equal consid]ation ) ?is class1 !y want l>g] & e>li] matur+ bre$s4 ,above all1 !y want a /rong1 h>dy %eep1 :i* dem&s no m c>e ?an _! cattle4 ,! /rong1 compact1 m$ium-wooll$ ,m]9o1 or1 m g5]ally1 its crosses ) co>se v>ieties1 produc+ ! wool class$ z ord9>y1 is ! common favorite4 ,9 ! ,nor?we/1 ?is is especially ! case1 :]e ! climate is /ill worse = delicate %eep4 ,at ! ,s\?1 on ! contr>y--:]e ^! disadvantages d n exi/ to s great an ext5t1 c]ta9ly--wool v>y+ f good m$ium upw>d are m pr(itable /aples = cultivation ?an ! l[] classes2 & 9 t section a high degree ( f95ess 9 fleece has be5 s\ght 9 bre$+ ! ,m]9o--! f\r-p\nd f9e-fleec$ ,m]9o hav+ receiv$ m>k$ att5tion4 ,?is is a f> m pr(itable animal ?an ! ,saxon1 o!r ?+s be+ equal--:i* is n ! case1 s9ce ! =m] is e way a h>di] animal & a bett] nurse2 &1 al?\gh ab\t tw5ty p\nds heavi]1 & !re=e consum+ m fe$1 ?is additional exp5se is m ?an c\nt]balanc$ by ! additional c>e & risk att5d+ ! husb&ry ( ! ,saxon4 ,,po9ts ,,( ,,! ,,m]9o4 ,= bre$+ purposes1 ! %ape & g5]al appe>ance ( ! ,m]9o %\ld be z foll[s3--,! head %\ld be well c>ri$ up1 & 9 ! ewe hornless4 ,x w\ld be bett]1 on _m acc\nts1 to h ! ram also hornless1 b1 z horns are usually *>act]i/ic ( ! ,m]9o ram1 _m pref] to see !m4 ,! face %\ld be r %ort1 broad betwe5 ! eyes1 ! nose po9t$1 &1 9 ! ewe1 f9e & free f wr9kles4 ,! eye %\ld be bright1 mod]ately prom95t1 & g5tle 9 its expression4 ,! neck %\ld be /raight--n curv+ d[nw>d--%ort1 r\nd1 & /\t--p>ticul>ly s at its junction ) ! %\ld]1 =w>d ( ! upp] po9t ( :i* x %\ld n s9k bel[ ! level ( ! back4 ,! po9ts ( ! %\ld] %\ld n rise to any p]ceptible ext5t above ! level ( ! back4 ,! back1 to ! hips1 %\ld be /raight2 ! crops--t portion ( ! body imm$iately back ( ! %\ld]-blades--full2 ! ribs well ar*$2 ! body l>ge & capaci\s2 ! flank well let d[n2 ! h9d-qu>t]s full & r\nd--! fle% meet+ well d[n betwe5 ! ?ighs1 or 9 ! twi/s4 ,! bosom %\ld be broad & full2 ! legs %ort1 well ap>t1 & p]p5dicul>--t is1 n drawn "u ! body t[>d ea* o!r :5 ! %eep is /&+4 ,view$ z a :ole1 ! ,m]9o %\ld pres5t ! appe>ance ( a l[1 /\t1 plump1 &--?\gh diff]+ ess5tially f ! ,engli% mutton-%eep model--a highly symmetrical %eep4 ,! sk9 is an important po9t4 ,x %\ld be loose1 s+ul>ly mell[1 & ( a ri*1 delicate p9k color4 ,a colorless sk91 or "o ( a tawny1 approa*+ to a butt]nut1 hue1 indicates bad bre$+4 ,on ! subject ( wr9kles1 !re is a diff]5ce ( op9ion4 ,z !y are r *>act]i/ic ( ! ,m]9o--l ! black color 9 a ,b]k%ire hog1 or ! abs5ce ( all color 9 ,durham cattle--^! wr9kles h be5 m reg>d$1 by novices1 ?an ^? po9ts :i* give actual value to ! animal2 & %rewd bre$]s h n be5 sl[ to act ^u ?is h9t4 ,_m h cont5d$ t m wool c be obta9$ f a wr9kl$ sk92 & ?is view ( ! case has l$ bo? ! ,spani% & ,fr5* bre$]s to cultivate !m l>gely--! latt]1 to a mon/rosity4 ,an exce$+ly wr9kl$ neck1 h[ev]1 adds b little to ! weight ( ! fleece--n en\gh1 9 fact1 to comp5sate = ! de=mity1 & ! great imp$im5t ?us plac$ 9 ! way ( ! %e>]4 ,a smoo?ly drawn sk91 & ! abs5ce ( all dead lap1 w\ld n1 on ! o!r h&1 p]haps be desirable4 ,! wool %\ld d5sely cov] ! :ole body1 :]e x c possibly gr[--f a po9t betwe5 & a little bel[ ! eyes1 & well up on ! *eeks1 to ! knees & hocks4 ,%ort wool may %[1 p>ticul>ly 9 "y animals1 on ! legs1 ev5 bel[ ! knees & hocks2 b long wool cov]+ ! legs1 & on ! nose1 bel[ ! eyes1 is unsightly1 )\t value2 :ile on ! face x frequ5tly imp$es ! sight ( ! animal1 caus+ x to be 9 a /ate ( p]petual al>m1 & disqualify+ x to escape real dang]4 ,nei!r is ?is useless wool ! slighte/ indication ( a heavy fleece--contr>y to :at seems to be ?\ght by "s4 ,x is v (t5 se5 9 ,saxons %e>+ sc>cely two p\nds ( wool1 & on ! v lighte/ fleec$ ,m]9os4 ,! am\nt ( gum :i* ! wool %\ld exhibit is ano!r moot$ po9t4 ,m]9o wool %\ld be yolky1 or oily1 prior to wa%+--?\gh n to ! extreme ext5t1 occasionally witness$1 ( giv+ x ! appe>ance ( be+ saturat$ ) grease4 ,! extreme tips may exhibit a suffici5t trace ( gum to give ! fleece a d>ki% ca/1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! ram2 b a black1 pit*y gum1 resembl+ half-h>d5$ t>1 ext5d+ an eigh? or a qu>t] ( an in* into ! fleece1 & :i* _c be remov$ by ord9>y wa%+1 is decid$ly objectionable4 ,!re is a :ite or yell[i% concrete gum1 n removable by common wa%+1 :i* appe>s 9 ! int]ior ( "s fleeces1 & is equally objectionable4 ,! weight ( fleece rema9+ ! same1 m$ium l5g? ( /aple1 ) compactness1 is pref]able to long1 op5 wool1 s9ce x con/itutes a bett] safegu>d f inclem5cies ( wea!r1 & bett] protects ! animal f ! bad effects ( cold & dr5*+ ra9s 9 spr+ & fall4 ,! wool %\ld be1 z ne>ly z possible1 ( ev5 l5g? & ?ickness ov] ! entire body4 ,%ortness on ! flank1 & %ortness or ?ickness on ! belly1 are s]i\s defects4 ,ev5ness ( fleece is a po9t ( ! fir/ importance4 ,_m %eep exhibit good wool on ! %\ld] & side1 :ile x is f> co>s] & ev5 hairy on ! ?ighs1 dew-lap1 etc4 ,rams ( ?is /amp %\ld n be br$ f by any "o aim+ to e/abli% a sup]ior f9e-wooll$ flock2 & all su* ewes %\ld gradually be exclud$ f ^? select$ = bre$+4 ,! /yle ( ! wool is a po9t ( z mu* importance z m]e f95ess4 ,"s v f9e wool is /iff1 & ! fibres almo/ /raight1 l hair4 ,x has a dry1 cottony look2 & is a poor1 unsalable article1 h[ev] f9e ! fibre4 ,s(tness ( wool--a delicate1 silky1 highly ela/ic feel betwe5 ! f+]s or on ! lips1 is ! fir/ ?+ to be reg>d$4 ,?is is usually an index1 or insep>able att5dant1 ( ! o!r good qualities2 s mu* s1 inde$1 t an exp]i5c$ judge c decide1 ) little difficulty1 betwe5 ! quality ( two fleeces1 9 ! d>k4 ,wool %\ld be f9ely s]rat$1 or crimp$ f "o extremity to ! o!r3 t is1 x %\ld pres5t a regul> s]ies ( m9ute curves2 &1 g5]ally1 ! great] ! numb] ( ^! curves 9 a giv5 l5g?1 ! high] ! quality ( ! wool 9 all o!r p>ticul>s4 ,! wool %\ld op5 on ! back ( ! %eep 9 connect$ masses1 in/ead ( break+ up into little r\nd spiral r+lets ( ! size ( a pipe-/em1 :i* indicate ?9ness ( fleece2 & :5 ! wool is press$ op5 ea* way ) ! h&s1 x %\ld be close en\gh to conceal all b a delicate rose-color$ l9e ( sk94 ,! int]ior ( ! wool %\ld be a pure1 glitt]+ :ite1 ) a lu/re & livel9ess ( appe>ance n surpass$ 9 ! be/ silk4 ,! po9ts 9 ! =m ( ! ,m]9o :i* ! bre$] is call$ ^u p>ticul>ly to avoid are1 a long1 ?9 head1 n>r[ betwe5 ! eyes2 a ?91 long neck1 ar*+ d[nw>d be=e ! %\ld]s2 n>r[ lo9s2 flat ribs2 /eep1 n>r[ h9d-qu>t]s2 long legs2 ?ighs sc>cely meet+ at all2 & legs drawn f> "u ! body at ! lea/ approa* ( cold4 ,all ^! po9ts 71 sep>ately or conjo9tly1 illu/rat$ 9 _m ( ! ,saxon flocks :i* h be5 swept f ! c\ntry4 ,suffici5t att5tion has already be5 paid to ! po9ts to be avoid$ 9 ! fleece4 ,,bre$+ ,,m]9os4 ,! fir/ great />t+-po9t1 among pure-blood animals1 is1 t l w beget l4 ,if ! sire & ewe are p]fect 9 any giv5 po9ts1 ! (fspr+ w g5]ally be2 if ei!r is defective1 ! (fspr+--subject to a law :i* w possibly be notic$--w be half-way betwe5 ! two2 if bo? are defective 9 ! same po9ts1 ! prog5y w be m s ?an ei!r ( its p>5ts--x w inh]it ! am\nt ( defect 9 bo? p>5ts add$ toge!r4 ,!re are exce$+ly few p]fect animals4 ,bre$+1 !re=e1 is a sy/em ( c\nt]balanc+--bre$+ out--9 ! (fspr+1 ! defects ( "o p>5t1 by ! m>k$ excell5ce ( ! o!r p>5t1 9 ! same po9ts4 ,! highe/ blood conf]s on ! p>5t possess+ x ! greate/ p[] ( /amp+ its own *>act]i/ics on its prog5y2 b1 blood be+ ! same1 ! male %eep possesses ?is p[] 9 a great] degree ?an ! female4 ,we may1 !re=e1 9 ! beg9n+1 bre$ f ewes possess+ any defects %ort ( c>d9al ones1 )\t impropriety1 provid$ we possess ! prop] ram = t purpose2 b1 :]e a high /&>d ( quality is aim$ at1 all ewes possess+ ev5 consid]able defects %\ld gradually be ?r[n out f bre$+4 ,e ye> %\ld add to ! vigor ( ! selection4 ,b1 f ! beg9n+--& at ! beg9n+1 m ?an at any o!r "t--! greate/ c>e %\ld be ev9c$ 9 ! selection ( ! ram4 ,if he has a defect1 t defect is to be inh]it$ by ! :ole future flock2 if x is a mat]ial "o--z1 = example1 a holl[ back1 bad cross1 or ?9 fleece1 or a highly unev5 fleece--! flock w be "o ( l[ quality & little value4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 he is p]fect1 ! defects 9 ! female w be less5$1 & gradually br$ out4 ,x be+1 h[ev]1 difficult to f9d p]fect rams1 ^? %\ld be tak5 :i* h ! fewe/ & lighte/ defects1 & none ( ^! mat]ial1 l ^? j enum]at$4 ,^! defects are to be met & c\nt]balanc$ by ! decid$ excell5ce--sometimes1 inde$1 runn+ into a fault--( ! ewe1 9 ! same po9ts4 ,if ! ram1 !n1 is a little too long-legg$1 ! %orte/-legg$ ewes %\ld be select$ = him2 if gummy1 ! drye/-wooll$2 if 8 fleece is a trifle bel[ ! prop] /&>d ( f95ess--b he has be5 reta9$1 z (t5 happ5s1 = weight ( fleece & g5]al excell5ce--he is to be put to ! f9e/ & lighte/-fleec$ ewes1 & s on4 ,) a selection ( rams1 ?is sy/em ( c\nt]balanc+ w\ld require b little skill1 if ea* p>5t possess$ only a s+le fault4 ,if ! ewe be a trifle too ?9-fleec$1 & good 9 all o!r p>ticul>s1 x w\ld require no nice judgm5t to decide t %e %\ld be br$ to an uncommonly ?ick-fleec$ ram4 ,b mo/ animals possess1 to a great] or less degree1 sev]al defects4 ,to select s t e "o ( ^! 9 ! dam %all meet its opposite 9 ! male1 & ! contr>y1 requires n only pl5tiful mat]ials f :i* to select1 b ! ke5e/ discrim9ation4 ,aft] ! bre$] has successfully e/abli%$ 8 flock1 & giv5 !m an excell5t "*1 he soon enc\nt]s a s]i\s evil4 ,he mu/ bre$ 9-&-91 z x is call$--t is1 int]bre$ betwe5 animals m or less ne>ly relat$ 9 blood--or he mu/ seek rams f o!r flocks1 at ! risk ( los+ or *ang+ ! di/9ctive "* ( 8 flock1 hi!rto s c>efully s\ght1 & built up ) s mu* pa9/ak+4 ,! oppon5ts ( 9-&-9 bre$+ cont5d t x r5d]s diseases & all o!r defects h]$it>y1 & t x t5ds to decrease ( size1 debility1 & a g5]al break+ up ( ! con/itution4 ,its def5d]s1 on ! o!r h&1 insi/ t1 if ! p>5ts are p]fectly heal?y1 ?is mode does n1 ( itself1 t5d to any dim9ution ( heal?fulness 9 ! (fspr+2 & !y likewise claim--:i* mu/ be conc$$--t x enables ! skilful bre$] mu* m rapidly to br+ 8 flock to a p>ticul> /&>d or model1 & to keep x !re mu* m easily--unless x be true t1 9 c\rse ( "t1 !y w dw9dle & gr[ feeble4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,scot* ,,%eep-,,dog1 ,,or ,,colley4 ,s f> z ! effect on ! con/itution is conc]n$1 bo? positions may be1 to a c]ta9 ext5t1 true4 ,b x is1 p]haps1 difficult always to decide ) c]ta9ty :5 an animal is n only free f disease1 b f all t5d5cy or pr$isposition t[>ds x4 ,a bro!r or si/] may be app>5tly heal?y--may be actually s--b may /ill possess a peculi>ity ( individual con=mation :i*1 "u c]ta9 circum/ances1 w manife/ itself4 ,if ^! circum/ances d n *ance to occur1 !y may live until old age1 app>5tly possess+ a robu/ con/itution4 ,if tri$ toge!r1 _! (fspr+--by a rule already laid d[n--w possess ?is individual t5d5cy 9 a d\ble degree4 ,if ! ram be int]br$ ) si/]s1 half-si/]s1 daught]s1 gr&daught]s1 etc41 = sev]al g5]ations1 ! pr$isposition t[>d a p>ticul> disease--9 ! fir/ place slight1 n[ /rong1 & con/antly gr[+ /rong]--w p]vade1 & become radically incorporat$ into1 ! con/itution ( ! :ole flock4 ,! fir/ "t ! requisite excit+ causes are br\ght to be>1 ! disease breaks out1 &1 "u su* circum/ances1 ) peculi> sev]ity & malignancy4 ,if x be ( a fatal "*1 ! flock is rapidly swept away2 if n1 x becomes *ronic1 or p]iodical at frequ5tly recurr+ int]vals4 ,! same rem>ks apply1 9 "p1 to ^? defects ( ! outw>d =m :i* d n at fir/1 f _! slightness1 attract ! notice ( ! ord9>y bre$]4 ,!y are rapidly increas$ until1 almo/ be=e ?\ght ( by ! own]1 !y de/roy ! value ( ! %eep4 ,t su* are ! common effects ( 9-&-9 bre$+1 ) su* skill z x is commonly conduct$1 all "k :o h giv5 att5tion to ! subject2 & = ^! reasons ! sy/em is reg>d$ ) decid$ disapprobation & repugnance by n9e out ( t5 ( ! be/ practical f>m]s4 ,! %eep-bre$] c1 h[ev]1 avoid ! effects ( 9-&-9 bre$+1 & at ! same "t pres]ve ! "* ( 8 flock1 by seek+ rams ( ! same bre$1 possess+1 z ne>ly z possible1 ! *>act]i/ics :i* he wi%es to pres]ve 9 8 own flock4 ,if ?is rule is neglect$--if he draws indiscrim9ately f all ! diff]5t v>ieties or families ( a bre$--"s l>ge1 & "s small--"s long-wooll$1 & "s %ort-wooll$--"s m$ium1 & "s sup]f9e 9 quality--"s tall1 & "s squatty--"s cru/$ ov] ) black gum1 & "s entirely free f x--bre$+ w become a m]e matt] ( hap-haz>d1 & no c]ta9 or uni=m results c be expect$4 ,s _m v>ieties _c be fus$ into "o = a numb] ( g5]ations--z is evid5c$ by ! want ( uni=mity 9 ! ,ramb\illet flock1 :i* 0 comm5c$ by a promiscu\s admixture ( all ! ,spani% families2 & x n m]ely happ5s1 z betwe5 c]ta9 classes ( ,saxons1 t p>ticul> families c nev] be successfully amalgamat$4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! bre$] has rea*$ no satisfactory /&>d--if 8 %eep are defici5t 9 ! requisites :i* he desires--he is /ill to adh]e to ! bre$--provid$ ! desir$ requisites are *>act]i/ic ( ! bre$ he possesses--& select bett] animals to improve 8 own inf]ior ones4 ,if he has1 = in/ance1 an inf]ior flock ( ,s\?-,d[ns1 & wi%es to obta9 ! qualities ( ! be/ ,d[n dams1 he %\ld seek = ! be/ rams ( t bre$4 ,b if he wi%es to obta9 qualities n *>act]i/ic ( ! bre$ he possesses1 he mu/ cross ) a bre$ :i* does possess !m4 ,if ! possessor ( ,s\?-,d[ns wi%es to conv]t !m into a f9e-wooll$ %eep simil> to ! ,m]9o1 he %\ld cross 8 flock /eadily ) ,m]9o rams--con/antly increas+ ! am\nt ( ,m]9o1 & dim9i%+ ! am\nt ( ,s\?-,d[n blood4 ,to effect ! same result1 he w\ld take ! same c\rse ) ! common %eep ( ! c\ntry1 or ) any o!r co>se race4 ,!re are ^?1 :o1 =gett+ t "s ( ! f9e/ v>ieties n[ 9 exi/5ce1 ( sev]al k9ds ( dome/ic animals1 are ! result ( crosses--bitt]ly inveigh aga9/ ! practice ( cross+1 "u any & all circum/ances4 ,x is1 x mu/ be admitt$1 an unqualifi$ absurdity1 z frequ5tly conduct$--z1 = example1 an attempt to unite ! fleece ( a ,m]9o & ! c>cass ( a ,leice/]1 by crosses betwe5 ^? bre$s2 b1 "u ! limitations already laid d[n1 & ) ! objects specifi$ z legitimate ones1 ?is objection to cross+ savors ( ! mo/ pr(\nd prejudice1 or ! mo/ unblu%+ quack]y4 ,x is nei!r conv5i5t1 nor )9 ! means ( e man wi%+ to />t a flock ( %eep1 to comm5ce exclusively ) full-bloods4 ,) a few to bre$ rams f1 & to beg9 a full-blood /ock1 ! bre$] w f9d x 8 be/ policy to pur*ase ! be/ common %eep ( 8 c\ntry1 & gradually grade !m up ) ,m]9o rams4 ,9 select+ ! ewes1 good %ape1 fair size1 & a robu/ con/itution1 are ! ma9 po9ts--! little diff]5ce 9 ! quality ( ! common %eep's wool be+ ( no consequ5ce4 ,= _! wool1 !y are to look to ! ,m]9o2 b good =m & con/itution !y c & ought to possess1 s z n to entail deep-root$ & entirely unnecess>y evils on _! prog5y4 ,satisfactory results h foll[$ cross+ a ,d[n ram--small1 compact1 exce$+ly beautiful1 f9e & ev5 fleec$--) l>ge-siz$ ,m]9o ewes4 ,! half-blood ewes 7 !n br$ to a ,m]9o ram1 & also _! female prog5y1 & s on4 ,! ,s\?-,d[ns1 f a disposition to take on fat1 manife/$ !mselves1 to a p]ceptible ext5t1 9 e g5]ation1 & ! wool ( _m ( ! %eep 9 ! ?ird g5]ation--sev5-eigh?s blood ,m]9o1 & "o-eigh? blood ,d[n--0 v ev51 & equal to m$ium1 & "s ( !m to good m$ium ,m]9o4 ,_! fleeces 7 light] ?an ! full-blood ,m]9os1 b increas$ 9 weight ) ea* succe$+ cross back t[>d ! latt]4 ,! mutton ( ! fir/1 & ev5 ( ! second cross 0 ( a beautiful flavor1 & reta9$1 to ! la/1 "s ( ! sup]iority ( ,s\?-,d[n mutton4 ,results are also not$ ( bre$+ ,leice/] ewes--tak+ "o cross ( ! blood1 z 9 ! prec$+ case--t[>d ! ,m]9o4 ,! mongrels1 to ! second g5]ation--beyond :i* !y 7 n br$--7 ab\t midway betwe5 ! p>5t /ock 9 size--) wool %ort]1 b f> m f9e & compact ?an ! ,leice/]--_! fleeces ab\t ! same weight1 five p\nds--&1 altoge!r1 !y 7 a %[y & pr(itable %eep1 & well calculat$ to please ! mass ( f>m]s4 ,_! fleeces1 h[ev]1 lack$ ev5ness1 _! ?ighs rema9+ disproportionately co>s] & heavy4 ,a diff]5ce ( op9ion exi/s 9 relation to ! numb] ( crosses necess>y be=e x is prop] to bre$ f a mongrel ram4 ,"s high au?orities ass]t t x does n admit ( ! slighte/ d\bt t a ,m]9o1 9 ! f\r? g5]ation1 f ev5 ! wor/-wooll$ ones1 is 9 e respect equal to ! /ock ( ! sire--t no diff]5ce ne$ to be made 9 ! *oice ( a ram1 :e!r he is a full-blood1 or a fifte5-sixte5?s--& t1 h[ev] co>se ! fleece ( ! p>5t ewe may h be51 ! prog5y 9 ! f\r? g5]ation w n %[ x4 ,o!rs1 h[ev]--:ile admitt+ t ! only value ( blood or p$igree1 9 bre$+1 is to insure ! h]$it>y transmission ( ! prop]ties ( ! p>5t to ! (fspr+1 & t1 z soon z a mongrel rea*es ! po9t :]e he /amps 8 *>act]i/ics on ! prog5y1 ) ! same c]ta9ty t a full-blood does1 he is equally valuable1 provid$ he is1 individually1 z p]fect an animal--cont5d t ?is _c be dep5d$ ^u1 ) any c]ta9ty1 9 rams ( ! f\r? ,m]9o cross4 ,!y ass]t t ! (fspr+ ( su* crosses inv>iably lack ! /yle & p]fection ( ?or\gh-br$ flocks4 ,! six?1 sev5?1 or eigh? cross might be g5]ally1 & ! la/1 p]haps1 almo/ inv>iably1 z good z pure-blood rams2 yet pure blood is a fix$ /&>d1 & 7 e bre$] to ?9k himself at lib]ty to dep>t f x 9 8 rams1 ea* "o m or less1 accord+ to 8 judgm5t or caprice1 ! :ole blood ( ! c\ntry w\ld become adult]at$4 ,no man1 assur$ly1 c be au?oriz$ to sell a ram ( any cross1 :e!r ! t5?1 or ev5 ! tw5tie?1 z a full-blood4 ,x is ( ! utmo/ importance = ^? comm5c+ flocks1 ei!r ( full-bloods1 or by cross+1 to select ! *oice/ rams4 ,a gr[n ram may1 by me?ods :i* w h]eaft] be describ$1 be made to s]ve f "o hundr$ to "o hundr$ & fifty ewes 9 a season4 ,a good ,m]9o ram w1 mod]ately speak+1 add m ?an a p\nd ( wool to ! fleece ( ! dam1 or e lamb got by x1 f a common-wooll$ ewe--t is1 if ! ewe at ?ree ye>s old %e>$ ?ree p\nds ( wool1 ! lamb at ! same age w %e> f\r4 ,?is w\ld give "o hundr$ or "o hundr$ & fifty p\nds ( wool = ! use ( a ram = a s+le season2 & e lamb subsequ5tly got by him adds a p\nd to ?is am\nt4 ,_m a ram gets1 dur+ 8 life1 eight hundr$ or "o ?\s& lambs4 ,nor is ! extra am\nt ( wool all4 ,he gets f eight hundr$ to "o ?\s& half-blood$ %eep1 wor? d\ble _! dams1 & ready to be made ! basis ( ano!r & high] /ride 9 improvem5t4 ,a good ram1 !n1 is z important &1 x may be1 q z valuable an animal z a good f>m-horse /allion4 ,:5 ! numb] ( a ram's prog5y are tak5 into consid]ation1 & :5 x is se5 ov] :at an imm5se ext5t1 ev5 9 8 own direct (fspr+1 8 good or bad qualities are to be p]petuat$1 ! folly ( t economy :i* w\ld select an inf]ior animal is suffici5tly obvi\s4 ,x w be f\nd ! be/ economy 9 />t+ a flock1 :]e ! prop] flocks f :i* to draw rams are n conv5i5t1 to pur*ase sev]al ( ! same bre$1 ( c\rse1 b ( diff]5t /ra9s ( blood4 ,?us ram ,no4 #b c be put on ! (fspr+ ( ,no4 #a1 & ! rev]se2 ,no4 #c c be put on ! (fspr+ ( bo?1 & bo? ^u ! (fspr+ ( ,no4 #c4 ,! *anges :i* c be rung on ?ree di/9ct /ra9s ( blood1 )\t 9-&-9 bre$+ close en\gh to be att5d$ ) any consid]able dang]1 are innum]able4 ,! bro!r & si/]1 x w be born 9 m9d1 are ( ! same blood2 ! fa!r & daught]1 half2 ! fa!r & gr&daught]1 "o-f\r?2 ! fa!r & great-gr&daught]1 "o-eigh?2 & s on4 ,bre$+ betwe5 animals possess+ "o-eigh? ( ! same blood1 w\ld n be consid]$ v close bre$+2 & x is n unusual1 9 rugg$1 well-=m$ families1 to bre$ betwe5 ^? possess+ "o-f\r? ( ! same blood4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ^! rams ( diff]5t /ra9s are br\ght promiscu\sly1 )\t ref]5ce to simil>ity ( *>act]i/ics1 !re may1 & probably w1 be diff]5ce betwe5 !m2 & x might require "t & skill to give a flock desc5d$ f !m a prop] uni=mity ( "*4 ,^? :o bre$ rams = sale %\ld be prep>$ to furni% diff]5t /ra9s ( blood1 ) ! necess>y individual & family uni=mity4 ,,g5]al ,,pr9ciples ,,( ,,bre$+4 ,"s few sugge/ions ^u ! g5]al pr9ciples to be obs]v$ 9 bre$+ may n be sup]flu\s "h1 ref]r+ ! read]1 :o is dispos$ to inve/igate ?is subject 9 detail1 to its full discussion 9 ! au?or's treatise ^u ,cattle & _! ,diseases4 ,z illu/rative ( ! importance ( bre$+ only f ! be/1 tak+ c>e to avoid /ructural defects1 & especially to secure fre$om f h]$it>y diseases1 s9ce bo? defects & diseases appe> to be m easily transmissible ?an desirable qualities1 x may be rem>k$ t scr(ula is n uncommon among %eep1 & pres5ts itself 9 v>i\s =ms4 ,sometimes x is connect$ ) consumption2 sometimes x affects ! visc]a ( ! abdom51 & p>ticul>ly ! mes5t]ic gl&s1 9 a mann] simil> to consumption 9 ! lungs4 ,! scr(ul\s ta9t has be5 kn[n to be s /rong z to affect ! foetus1 & lambs h occasionally be5 dropp$ ) x2 b mu* (t5] !y %[ x at an e>ly age1 & any affect$ 9 ?is way are liable to fall an easy prey to any ord9>y or preval5t disease1 :i* develops 9 su* ) unusual sev]ity4 ,%eep are also liable to sev]al diseases ( ! bra91 & ( ! respiratory & dige/ive organs4 ,epilepsy1 or fits1 & rheumatism sometimes occur4 ,! bre$]'s aim %\ld be to grasp & r5d] p]man5t1 & increase s f> z practicable1 e v>iation = ! bett]1 & to reject = bre$+ purposes su* z %[ a d[nw>d t5d5cy4 ,a rem>kable in/ance ( ! success :i* has (t5 att5d$ ! well-direct$ ef=ts ( intellig5t bre$]s1 is furni%$ 9 ! new ,mau*amp-,m]9o %eep1 :i* orig9at$ 9 a s+le animal--a product ( ! law ( v>iation--& :i*1 by skilful bre$+ & selection1 has become an e/abli%$ bre$ ( a peculi> type1 & possess+ valuable prop]ties4 ,samples ( ! wool ( ^! %eep 7 %[n at ! great exhibition 9 ,london1 9 #ahea1 z well z at ! subsequ5t great agricultural exhibition at ,p>is1 & attract$ mu* att5tion4 ,?is bre$ 0 orig9at$ by ,mons4 ,j4 ,l4 ,graux4 ,9 #ahbh1 a ,m]9o ewe produc$ a peculi> ram lamb1 hav+ a diff]5t %ape f ! ord9>y ,m]9o1 & possess+ wool s+ul>ly long1 /raight1 & silky4 ,two ye>s aft]w>d1 ,mr4 ,graux obta9$ by ?is ram "o ram & "o ewe1 hav+ ! silky "* ( wool4 ,among ! produce ( ! ensu+ ye> 7 f\r rams & "o ewe ) simil> fleeces2 & 9 #ahcc1 !re 7 rams en\gh ( ! new sort to s]ve ! :ole flock ( ewes4 ,9 ea* subsequ5t ye>1 ! lambs 7 ( two k9ds2 "o possess+ ! curl$1 ela/ic wool ( ! old ,m]9os1 only a little long] & f9]1 & ! o!r l ! new bre$4 ,at la/1 ! skilful bre$] obta9$ a flock conta9+ ! f9e1 silky fleece ) a small] bre$1 broad] flanks1 & m capaci\s *e/2 & sev]al flocks be+ cross$ ) ! ,mau*amp v>iety1 ! ,mau*amp-,m]9o bre$ is ! result4 ,! pure ,mau*amp wool is rem>kable = its qualities z a comb+-wool1 ow+ to ! /r5g?1 z well z ! l5g? & f95ess ( ! fibre4 ,x is f\nd ( great value by ! manufactur]s ( ,ca%m]e %awls1 & simil> goods1 be+ second only to ! true ,ca%m]e fleece1 9 ! f9e1 flexible delicacy ( ! fibre2 & :5 9 comb9ation ) ,ca%m]e wool1 imp>t+ /r5g? & consi/5cy4 ,! quantity ( ?is wool has s9ce become z great z t f ord9>y ,m]9os1 or great]1 :ile its quality comm&s tw5ty-five p] c5t4 high] price 9 ! ,fr5* m>ket4 ,bre$]s1 c]ta9ly1 _c wat* too closely any accid5tal peculi>ity ( con=mation or *>act]i/ic 9 _! flocks4 ,! app>5t influ5ce ( ! male fir/ hav+ fruitful int]c\rse ) a female1 ^u h] subsequ5t (fspr+ by o!r males1 has be5 notic$ by v>i\s writ]s4 ,! foll[+ well-au!nticat$ in/ances are 9 po9t3 ,a small flock ( ewes1 belong+ to ,dr4 ,w4 ,wells1 9 ! isl& ( ,granada1 0 s]v$ by a ram procur$ = ! purpose4 ,! ewes 7 all :ite & woolly2 ! ram 0 q diff]5t1 be+ ( a *ocolate color1 & hairy l a goat4 ,! prog5y 71 ( c\rse1 crosses1 b bore a /rong resemblance to ! male p>5t4 ,! next season1 ,dr4 ,wells obta9$ a ram ( precisely ! same bre$ z ! ewes2 b ! prog5y %[$ di/9ct m>ks ( resemblance to ! =m] ram1 9 color & cov]+4 ,! same ?+ occurr$ on neighbor+ e/ates1 "u l circum/ances4 ,six v sup]ior pure-br$ black-fac$ horn$ ewes1 belong+ to ,mr4 ,h4 ,%aw1 ( ,leo*el1 ,cu%nie1 7 s]v$ by a :ite-fac$ hornless ,leice/] ram4 ,! lambs 7 crosses4 ,! next ye> !y 7 s]v$ by a ram ( exactly ! same bre$ z ! ewes !mselves1 & _! lambs 71 )\t an exception1 hornless & br[ni% 9 ! face1 in/ead ( be+ black & horn$4 ,! ?ird ye> !y 7 aga9 s]v$ by a sup]ior ram ( _! own bre$2 & aga9 ! lambs 7 mongrels1 b %[$ less ( ! ,leice/] *>act]i/ics ?an be=e2 & ,mr4 ,%aw at la/ p>t$ f ^! f9e ewes )\t obta9+ a s+le pure-br$ lamb4 ,to acc\nt = ?is result--seem+ly reg>d$ by mo/ physiologi/s z inexplicable--,mr4 ,james ,mc,gillivray1 ,v4 ,s41 ( ,huntley1 has (f]$ an explanation1 :i* has receiv$ ! sanction ( a numb] ( compet5t writ]s4 ,8 !ory is1 t :5 a pure animal ( any bre$ has be5 pregnant by an animal ( a diff]5t bre$1 su* pregnant animal is a cross ev] aft]1 ! purity ( h] blood be+ lo/1 9 consequ5ce ( h] connection ) ! =eign animal1 & h]self becom+ a cross =ev]1 incapable ( produc+ a pure calf ( any bre$4 ,to cross1 m]ely = ! sake ( cross+1 to d s )\t t c>e & vigilance :i* are highly ess5tial1 is a practice :i* _c be too mu* condemn$1 be+1 9 fact1 a national evil1 if pu%$ to su* an ext5t z to d away ) a useful bre$ ( animals1 & e/abli% a g5]ation ( mongrels 9 _! place--a result :i* has foll[$ 9 num]\s in/ances among/ e bre$ ( animals4 ,! pr9cipal use ( cross+ is to raise animals = ! but*]4 ,! male1 be+ g5]ally an animal ( a sup]ior bre$1 & ( a vigor\s nature1 almo/ inv>iably /amps 8 ext]nal =m1 size1 & muscul> developm5t on ! (fspr+1 :i* ?us be> a /rong resemblance to him2 :ile _! int]nal nature1 d]iv$ f ! dam1 well adapts !m to ! locality1 z well z to ! treatm5t to :i* _! dams h be5 accu/om$4 ,) %eep1 :]e ! peculi>ities ( ! soil1 z reg>ds ! goodness ( fe$1 & exposure to ! sev]ities ( ! wea!r1 (t5 prev5t ! introduction ( an improv$ bre$1 ! value ( us+ a new & sup]ior ram is (t5 v consid]able2 & ! weight ( mutton is !reby mat]ially increas$1 )\t its quality be+ impair$1 :ile e>li] maturity is at ! same "t obta9$4 ,x involves1 h[ev]1 m sy/ematic att5tion ?an mo/ f>m]s usually l to be/[1 = x is necess>y to employ a diff]5t ram = ea* purpose2 t is1 a native ram1 = a portion ( ! ewes to keep up ! purity ( ! bre$1 & a =eign ram1 to raise ! improv$ cross-br$ animals = felt+1 ei!r z lambs or %eep4 ,?is plan is adopt$ by _m bre$]s ( ,leice/] %eep1 :o ?us employ ,s\?-,d[n rams to improve ! quality ( ! mutton4 ,"o inconv5i5ce att5d+ ?is plan is ! necessity ( fatt5+ ! maid5 ewes z well z ! we!rs4 ,!y may1 h[ev]1 be dispos$ ( z fat lambs1 or ! practice ( spay+ 7fully expla9$ 9 ,cattle & _! ,diseases7 might be adopt$1 s z to increase ! felt+ disposition ( ! animal4 ,cross+1 !re=e1 %\ld be adopt$ ) ! greate/ caution & skill1 :]e ! object is to improve ! bre$ ( animals4 ,x %\ld nev] be practis$ c>elessly or caprici\sly1 b x may be advantage\sly pursu$1 ) a view to rais+ sup]ior & pr(itable animals = ! but*]4 ,= ! latt] purpose1 x is g5]ally advisable to use males ( a l>g] bre$1 provid$ !y possess a disposition to fatt52 yet1 9 su* cases1 x is ( importance t ! pelvis ( ! female %\ld be wide & capaci\s1 s t no injury may arise 9 lamb+1 9 consequ5ce ( ! increas$ size ( ! heads ( ! lambs4 ,! %ape ( ! ram's head %\ld be /udi$ = ! same reason4 ,9 cross+1 h[ev]1 = ! purpose ( e/abli%+ a new bre$1 ! size ( ! male mu/ give way to o!r m important consid]ations2 al?\gh x w /ill be desirable to use a l>ge female ( ! bre$ :i* is s\ght to be improv$4 ,?us1 ! ,s\?-,d[ns h va/ly improv$ ! l>g] ,hamp%ires1 & ! ,leice/]1 ! huge ,l9colns & ! ,cotswolds4 ,,use ,,( ,,rams4 ,m]9o rams are frequ5tly us$ f ! fir/ to ! t5? ye>1 & ev5 long]4 ,! lambs ( v old rams are commonly suppos$ n to be z ^? ( middle-ag$ ones2 ?\gh :]e rams h n be5 ov]task$1 & h be5 prop]ly f$1 little if any diff]5ce is discov]able 9 _! prog5y by reason ( _! sire's age4 ,a ram lamb %\ld n be us$1 z x ret>ds 8 gr[?1 injures 8 =m1 &1 9 _m in/ances1 p]man5tly impairs 8 vigor & c\rage4 ,a ye>l+ may run ) ?irty ewes1 a two-ye>-old ) f =ty to fifty1 & a ?ree-ye>-old ) f fifty to sixty2 :ile "s v p[]ful1 mature rams w s]ve sev5ty or eighty4 ,fifty1 h[ev]1 is en\gh1 :]e !y run ) ! ewes4 ,x is well settl$ t an impov]i%$ & ov]task$ animal does n transmit 8 individual prop]ties s decid$ly to 8 (fspr+ z does "o 9 full vigor4 ,rams1 ( c\rse1 are n to be select$ = ewes by m]e *ance1 b accord+ z _! qualities may improve ^? ( ! ewes4 ,x may n be sup]flu\s1 ?\gh seem+ly a repetition1 to /ate t a good ewe flock %\ld exhibit ^! *>act]i/ics3 /rong bone1 support+ a roomy frame1 af=d+ space = a l>ge developm5t ( fle%2 abundance ( wool ( a good quality1 keep+ ! ewes w>m 9 inclem5t wea!r1 & insur+ pr(it to ! bre$]2 a disposition to fatt5 e>ly1 enabl+ ! bre$] readily to get rid ( 8 %eep select$ = ! but*]2 & a prolific t5d5cy1 increas+ ! flock rapidly1 & be+ also a s\rce ( pr(it4 ,e "o ( ^! prop]ties is advantage\s 9 itself2 b :5 all are comb9$ 9 ! same individuals ( a flock1 t flock is 9 a high /ate ( p]fection4 ,9 select+ rams1 x %\ld be obs]v$ :e!r or n !y possess "o or m ( ^? qualities 9 :i* ! ewes may be defici5t1 9 :i* case _! union ) ! ewes w produce 9 ! prog5y a high] degree ( p]fection ?an is to be f\nd 9 ! ewes !mselves1 & su* a result w improve ! /ate ( ! future ewe-flock2 b1 on ! contr>y1 if ! ewes are sup]ior 9 all po9ts to ! rams1 !n1 ( c\rse1 ! use ( su* w only s]ve to det]iorate ! future ewe-flock4 ,sev]al rams runn+ 9 ! same flock excite ea* o!r to an unnatural & unnecess>y activity1 besides injur+ ea* o!r by con/ant bl[s4 ,x is1 9 e po9t ( view1 bad husb&ry1 :]e x c be avoid$1 &1 z cu/om>ily manag$1 is de/ructive to e ?+ l c>eful & judici\s bre$+4 ,! nice adaptation :i* ! male %\ld possess to ! female is out ( ! "q :]e half a doz5 or m rams are runn+ promiscu\sly ) two or ?ree hundr$ ewes4 ,be=e ! rams are let out1 ! bre$+ ewes %\ld all be br\ght toge!r 9 "o y>d2 ! =m ( ea* not$1 toge!r ) ! l5g?1 ?ickness1 quality & /yle ( h] wool--asc]ta9$ by op5+ ! wool on ! %\ld]1 ?igh1 & belly4 ,:5 e po9t is ?us det]m9$1 t ram %\ld be select$ :i*1 on ! :ole1 is be/ calculat$ to p]petuate ! excell5cies ( ea*1 bo? ( fleece & c>cass1 & to be/ c\nt]balance defects 9 ! mutual (fspr+4 ,e ewe1 :5 turn$ 9 ) ! ram1 %\ld be giv5 a di/9ct m>k1 :i* w cont9ue visible until ! next %e>+4 ,= ?is purpose1 no?+ is bett] ?an ,v5etian r$ & hog's l>d1 well incorporat$1 & m>k$ on ) a cob4 ,! ewes = ea* ram require a diff]5tly %ap$ m>k1 & ! m>k %\ld also be made on ! ram1 z not$ 9 ! %eep-book4 ,?us x c be det]m9$ at a glance by :at ram ! ewe 0 tapp$1 any "t be=e ! next %e>+4 ,! ewes select$ = ea* ram are plac$ 9 diff]5t enclosures1 & ! *os5 ram plac$ ) !m4 ,rams require b little prep>ation on be+ put among ewes4 ,if _! sk9 is r$ 9 ! flanks :5 ! %eep are turn$ up1 !y are ready = ! ewes1 = ! natural desire is !n ^u !m4 ,mo/ ( ! ewes w be s]v$ dur+ ! second week ! ram is among !m1 & 9 ! ?ird1 all4 ,x is bett]1 h[ev]1 n to )draw ! rams until ! expiration ( f\r weeks1 :5 ! flocks c be d\bl$1 or o!rwise re-arrang$ = w9t]1 z may be necess>y4 ,! tr\ble ?us tak5 is1 9 reality1 slight--no?+1 inde$1 :5 ! b5eficial results are consid]$4 ,) two assi/ants1 sev]al hundr$ ewes may be prop]ly classifi$ & divid$ 9 a s+le day4 ,:]e *oice rams are sc>ce1 s t x is desirable to make ! s]vices ( "o g a great way1 or :]e x is impossible to h sep>ate enclosures--z on f>ms :]e !re are a great numb] ( bre$+ ewes1 or :]e ! %eph]d sy/em is adopt$1 to ! exclusion ( f5ces--resort may be _h to ano!r me?od4 ,a hut %\ld be built1 conta9+ z _m ap>tm5ts z ! ram is desir$ to be us$1 ) an alley betwe5 !m1 ea* ap>tm5t to be furni%$ ) a fe$+-box & tr\gh 9 "o corn]1 & gates or b>s op5+ f ea* into ! alley1 & at ea* end ( ! alley4 ,adjo9+ ^! ap>tm5ts1 a y>d %\ld be inclos$1 ( size j suffici5t to hold ! flock ( bre$+ ewes4 ,a c\ple ( /rong rams1 ( any quality1 = ab\t e hundr$ ewes1 are !n apron$1 _! briskets rubb$ ) ,v5etian r$ & hog's l>d1 & let loose among ! ewes4 ,apron+ is p]=m$ by sew+ a belt ( co>se sack+1 broad en\gh to ext5d f ! =e to ! h9d legs1 loosely b /rongly ar\nd ! body4 ,to prev5t its slipp+ =w>d or back1 /raps are c>ri$ r\nd ! brea/ & back ( ! bree*4 ,x %\ld be made p]fectly secure1 or all ! labor ( ?is me?od ( c\pl+ w be f> worse ?an ?r[n away4 ,! pigm5t on ! brisket %\ld be r5ew$ e two or ?ree days2 & x w be necess>y to *ange ! teas]s--z ^! apron$ rams are call$--ab\t once a week1 z !y d n long reta9 _! c\rage "u su* unnatural circum/ances4 ,twice a day ! ewes are br\ght into ! y>d 9 front ( ! hut4 ,^? m>k$ on _! rumps by ! teas]s are tak5 into ! alley4 ,ea* is admitt$ once to ! ram = :i* %e is m>k$1 & !n goes out at ! opposite end ( ! alley f :i* !y ent]$1 into a field sep>ate f t conta9+ ! flock f :i* %e 0 tak54 ,a p[]ful & vigor\s ram1 f ?ree to sev5 ye>s old1 & prop]ly f$1 c ?us be made to s]ve f "o hundr$ & fifty to ev5 two hundr$ ewes1 ) no great] injury ?an f runn+ loose ) fifty or sixty4 ,! labor "h requir$ is likewise m app>5t ?an real1 :5 ! op]ation is conduct$ 9 a sy/ematic mann]4 ,rams w d bett]1 accompli% m1 & la/ two or ?ree ye>s long]1 if daily f$ ) gra91 :5 on s]vice1 & x is bett] to cont9ue x4 ,9 all cases1 !y %\ld1 aft] s]v+1 be put on good pa/ure1 z !y w h lo/ a good deal ( condition1 be+ indispos$ to settle dur+ ! tapp+ season4 ,a ram %\ld receive ! equival5t ( f half a p9t to a p9t ( oats daily1 :5 work$ h>d4 ,!y are mu* m conv5i5tly f$ :5 kept 9 huts4 ,if suff]$ to run at l>ge1 !y %\ld be s ?or\ghly tam$ t !y w eat f a measure held by ! %eph]d4 ,c>eful bre$]s ?us tra9 _! /ock-rams1 f ! "t !y are lambs4 ,x is v conv5i5t1 also1 to h !m halt]-broke1 s t !y c be l$ ab\t )\t dragg+ or lift+ !m4 ,an iron r+ atta*$ to "o ( ! horns1 ne> ! po9t1 to :i* a cord c be fa/5$ = lead+1 conf9+1 etc41 is v useful & conv5i5t4 ,if rams are wild1 x is a matt] ( consid]able difficulty to fe$ !m sep>ately1 & x c only be effect$ by y>d+ ! flock & cat*+ !m out4 ,"s bre$]s1 9 addition to extra fe$+1 take ! rams out ( ! flocks ea* night1 %utt+ !m up 9 a b>n or /able by !mselves4 ,to ?is practice !re is no objection1 & x greatly saves _! /r5g?4 ,rams %\ld n be suff]$ to run ) ! ewes ov] a mon?1 at lea/ 9 ! ,nor!rn ,/ates4 ,x is mu* bett] t a ewe g dry ?an t %e h a lamb lat] ?an ! fir/ ( ,june4 ,besides1 aft] ! rutt+ season is ov]1 ! rams gr[ cross1 frequ5tly /rik+ ! pregnant ewes dang]\s bl[s ) _! heavy horns1 at ! racks & tr\ghs4 ,x is reasonably en\gh conjectur$1 t if procreation & ! fir/ p]iod ( ge/ation take place 9 cold wea!r1 ! foetus w be fitt$ = ! climate :i* rules dur+ ! e>ly /ages ( its exi/5ce4 ,if ?is be s--& x is c]ta9ly 9 accordance ) ! laws ( ,nature--f9e-wooll$ %eep are mo/ likely to ma9ta9 _! excell5ce by def]r+ ! connection ( ! male till ! comm5cem5t ( cold wea!r2 &1 9 ! ,nor!rn ,/ates1 ?is is done ab\t ! fir/ ( ,decemb]1 ?us br++ ! yean+ "t 9 ! la/ ( ,april1 or ! fir/ ( ,may1 :5 ! e>ly grass af=ds a l>ge supply & good quality ( food4 ,,lamb+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ewe ,,& ,,lambs4 ,! ewe goes ) "y ab\t five mon?s1 v>y+ f "o hundr$ & =ty-five to "o hundr$ & sixty-two days4 ,pregnant ewes require ! same food z at all o!r times4 ,until two or ?ree weeks prec$+ lamb+1 x is only necess>y t !y1 l o!r /ore-%eep1 be kept 9 good1 plump1 ord9>y condition2 nor are any sep>ate arrangem5ts necess>y = !m aft] t p]iod1 9 a climate :]e !y obta9 suffici5t succul5t food to provide = a prop] secretion ( milk4 ,9 backw>d seasons 9 ! ,nor?1 :]e ! grass does n />t prior to ! lamb+-"t1 c>eful f>m]s fe$ _! ewes on *opp$ roots1 or roots mix$ ) oat & pea-meal1 :i* is excell5t economy4 ,caution is1 h[ev]1 necess>y to prev5t injury or abortion1 :i* is (t5 ! result ( excessive fat1 feebl5ess1 or disease4 ,! fir/ may be rem$i$ by blood-lett+ & sp>e diet2 & bo? ! la/ by re/or$ heal? & g5]\s food4 ,sudd5 frights1 z f dogs or /range objects2 long or sev]e j\rneys1 great ex]tions1 un:olesome food1 bl[s 9 ! region ( ! foetus1 & "s o!r causes1 produce abortion4 ,lambs are usually dropp$1 9 ! ,nor?1 f ! fir/ to ! fifte5? ( ,may2 9 ! ,s\?1 !y c safely come e>li]4 ,x is n exp$i5t to h !m dropp$ :5 ! wea!r is cold or boi/]\s1 z !y require too mu* c>e2 b ! soon] ! bett]1 aft] ! wea!r has become mild1 & ! h]bage has />t$ suffici5tly to give ! ewes t gre5 food :i* is requir$ to produce a pl5tiful secretion ( milk4 ,x is cu/om>y1 9 ! ,nor?1 to h fields ( clov]1 or ! e>lie/ grasses1 res]v$ = ! e>ly spr+-fe$ ( ! bre$+-ewes2 &1 if ^! c be contigu\s to _! /ables1 x is a great conv5i5ce--= ! ewes %\ld be conf9$ 9 ! latt]1 on cold & /ormy nights1 dur+ ! lamb+ season4 ,if ! wea!r be w>m & pleasant1 & ! nights mod]ately w>m1 x is bett] to h ! lamb+ take place 9 ! pa/ure2 s9ce %eep are !n m dispos$ to own _! lambs1 & take k9dly to !m1 ?an 9 ! confusion ( a small inclosure4 ,9 ! latt]1 %eep1 unless p>ticul>ly docile1 cr[d f "o side to ano!r :5 any "o ent]s1 runn+ ov] "y lambs1 press+ !m sev]ely1 etc42 ewes become sep>at$ f _! lambs1 & !n run viol5tly r\nd f "o to ano!r1 jo/l+ & knock+ !m ab\t2 "y & timid ewes1 :5 s sep>at$1 w frequ5tly neglect _! lambs = an h\r or m be=e !y w aga9 approa* !m1 :ile1 if ! wea!r is sev]ely cold1 ! lamb1 if x has nev] suck$1 is 9 dang] ( p]i%+4 ,lambs1 too1 :5 fir/ dropp$ 9 a dirty inclosure1 tumble ab\t1 9 _! fir/ ef=ts to rise1 & ! membrane :i* adh]es to !m becomes sme>$ ) dirt & dung2 & ! ewe's refus+ to lick !m dry mu* increases ! haz>d ( freez+4 ,9 cold /orms1 h[ev]1 & 9 sudd5 & sev]e wea!r1 all ?is mu/ be enc\nt]$2 &1 !re=e1 e %eph]d %\ld tea* 8 %eep docility4 ,x requires b a v mod]ately cold night to de/roy ! new-born ,saxon lamb1 :i*--! pure blood--is dropp$ ne>ly z nak$ z a *ild4 ,dur+ a sev]ely cold p]iod1 ( sev]al days cont9uance1 x is almo/ impossible to re> !m1 ev5 9 ! be/ %elt]4 ,! ,m]9o1 ,s\?-,d[n1 & "s o!r bre$s1 w endure a great] degree ( cold ) impunity4 ,:]e inclosures are us$ = yean+1 !y %\ld be kept clean by frequ5t litt]+s ( /raw--n en\gh1 h[ev]1 to be ?r[n on at any "o "t1 to emb>rass ! lamb ab\t ris+4 ,! pr$ispos+ symptoms ( lamb+ are1 enl>gem5t & r$d5+ ( ! p>ts "u ! tail1 & droop+ ( ! flanks4 ,! m imm$iate are1 :5 ! ewe /ret*es h]self frequ5tly2 sep>at+ h]self f h] companions2 exhibit+ re/lessness by n rema9+ 9 "o place = any l5g? ( "t2 ly+ d[n & ris+ up aga91 z if dissatisfi$ ) ! place2 paw+ ! gr\nd ) a =efoot2 bleat+1 z if 9 que/ ( a lamb2 & appe>+ fond ( ! lambs ( o!r ewes4 ,9 a v few h\rs1 or ev5 %ort] "t aft] ! exhibition ( ^! symptoms1 ! imm$iate symptom ( lamb+ is ! expulsion ( ! bag ( wat] f ! vag9a4 ,:5 ?is is obs]v$1 ! ewe %\ld be n>r[ly wat*$1 = ! pa9s ( labor may be expect$ to come on imm$iately4 ,:5 ^! are felt by h]1 ! ewe presses or =ces ) e>ne/ness1 *ang+ "o place or position = ano!r1 z if desir\s ( relief4 ,! ewe does n (t5 require me*anical assi/ance 9 p>turition4 ,h] labors w sometimes be prolong$ = ?ree or f\r h\rs1 & h] l\d moan+s w ev9ce ! ext5t ( h] pa94 ,sometimes %e w g ab\t sev]al h\rs1 & ev5 resume h] graz+1 ) ! =e-feet & nose ( ! lamb protrud+ at ! m\? ( ! vag9a4 ,if let alone1 h[ev]1 ,nature w g5]ally relieve h]4 ,9 case ( a false p>turition ( ! foetus--:i* is comp>atively r>e--! %eph]d may apply 8 ?umb & f+]1 aft] oil+1 to pu% back ! lamb1 & assi/ 9 g5tly turn+ x till ! nose & =e-feet appe>4 ,:]e feebl5ess 9 expell+ ! foetus exi/s1 only ! slighte/ aid %\ld be r5d]$1 & t to help ! ?roes ( ! dam4 ,! objection to int]f]+--except z a la/ resort--is1 t ! ewe is fright5$ :5 caught1 & h] ef=ts to expel ! lamb cease4 ,:5 aid$1 9 any case1 ! g5tle/ =ce %\ld be appli$1 & only 9 conjunction ) ! ef=ts ( ! ewe4 ,! cle>+1 or plac5ta1 g5]ally drops f ! ewe 9 ! c\rse ( a v %ort "t--9 _m cases1 )9 a few m9utes--aft] lamb+4 ,x %\ld be c>ri$ away1 & n all[$ to lie ^u ! lamb+-p\nd4 ,common kale1 or curly-gre5s1 is excell5t food = ewes t h lamb$1 z its nutritive matt]1 be+ mucilag9\s1 is :olly soluble 9 wat]1 & b5eficial 9 enc\rag+ ! necess>y dis*>ges ( ! ewe at ! "t ( lamb+4 ,9 ^! respects1 x is a bett] food ?an ,sw$i% turnips--^u :i* %eep are sometimes f$--:i* become r too fibr\s & a/r+5t1 9 spr+1 = ! secretion ( milk4 ,9 ! abs5ce ( kale or cabbage1 a little oil-cake w aid ! dis*>ges & purify ! body4 ,new grass also op]ates m$ic9ally ^u ! sy/em4 ,,managem5t ,,( ,,lambs4 ,:ile ! lamb is tumbl+ ab\t & attempt+ to rise--! ewe1 mean:ile1 lick+ x dry--x is well to be 9 no ha/e to int]f]e4 ,a lamb t gets at ! teat )\t help1 & procures ev5 a small quantity ( milk1 kn[s h[ to help itself aft]w>d1 & r>ely p]i%es4 ,if help$1 x sometimes cont9ues to expect x1 & w d little = itself = two or ?ree days4 ,! same is true :]e lambs are f$ f a spoon or bottle4 ,b if ! lamb ceases to make ef=ts to rise--especially if ! ewe has left (f lick+ x :ile x is wet & *illy--x is "t to r5d] assi/ance4 ,x is n advisable to ?r[ ! ewe d[n--z is frequ5tly practis$--9 ord] to suckle ! lamb2 because in/9ct tea*es ! latt] to po9t its nose upw>d 9 se>* ( ! teats4 ,x is1 !re=e1 d\bly difficult to tea* x to suck f ! bag ( ! pro/rate ewe2 & :5 x is taught to d ?is1 by be+ s suckl$ sev]al times1 x is awkw>d ab\t f9d+ ! teat 9 ! natural position1 :5 x beg9s to /& & help itself4 ,c>efully dis5gag+ ! ewe f h] companions1 ) 8 crook--:i* useful article w be h]eaft] describ$--! assi/ant %\ld place "o h& be=e ! neck & ! o!r beh9d ! buttocks ( ! ewe1 & !n1 press+ h] aga9/ 8 knees1 he %\ld hold h] firmly & /ill1 s t %e w n be con/antly cr[d+ away f ! %eph]d1 :o %\ld set ! lamb on its feet1 induc+ x to /&1 if possible2 if n1 support+ x on its feet by plac+ "o h& "u its body2 put its m\? to ! teat1 & enc\rage x to suck by tickl+ x ab\t ! roots ( ! tail1 flanks1 etc41 ) a f+]4 ,! lamb1 mi/ak+ ?is la/ = ! c>esses ( its dam1 w r$\ble its ef=ts to suck4 ,sometimes x w manife/ great dullness1 & ev5 app>5t ob/9acy1 9 refus+ = a long "t to attempt to assi/ itself1 cr[d+ backw>d1 etc42 b ! k9d & g5tle %eph]d1 :o w n s9k himself to ! level ( brute1 by res5t+ ! /upidity ( a brute1 w g5]ally c>ry ! po9t by p]sev]ance4 ,sometimes milk+ a little into ! lamb's m\?1 hold+ ! latt] close to ! teat1 w induce x to take hold4 ,if ! ewe has no milk1 ! lamb %\ld be f$1 until ! natural supply comm5ces1 ) small quantities ( ! milk ( a new-mil* c[4 ,?is %\ld be mix$1 say half & half1 ) wat]1 ) en\gh molasses to give x ! purgative effect ( ! fir/ milk1 g5tly w>m$ to ! natural heat--n scald$ & suff]$ to cool--& !n f$ ?r\gh a bottle ) a sponge 9 ! op5+ ( x1 :i* ! lamb %\ld suck1 if x c be induc$ s to d4 ,if ! milk is p\r$ 9 its m\? f a spoon or bottle1 x is frequ5tly difficult1 z be=e /at$1 to induce x to suck4 ,moreov]1 unless milk is p\r$ into ! m\? sl[ly & ) c>e--no fa/] ?an ! lamb c swall[--a spe$y :eez+1 ! infallible precursor ( dea?1 w %[ t a portion ( ! fluid has be5 =c$ into ! lungs4 ,lambs h be5 frequ5tly kill$ 9 ?is way4 ,if a lamb becomes *ill$1 x %\ld be wrapp$ 9 a wooll5 blanket1 plac$ 9 a w>m room1 & giv5 a little milk z soon z x w swall[4 ,a trifle ( pepp] is sometimes plac$ 9 ! milk1 & ) good effect1 = ! purpose ( r\s+ ! cold & torpid /oma* into action4 ,9 ,new ,engl&1 "u su* circum/ances1 ! lamb is sometimes bak$1 z x is call$--t is1 put 9 a blanket 9 a mod]ately-heat$ ov51 until w>m? & animation are re/or$2 o!rs imm]se x 9 tepid wat]1 & subsequ5tly rub x dry1 :i* is said to be an excell5t me?od :]e ! lamb is ne>ly froz54 ,a good blanket h[ev]1 a w>m room1 & sometimes1 p]haps1 a little g5tle friction w g5]ally suffice4 ,if a /rong ewe1 ) a good bag ( milk1 *ance to lose h] lamb1 %e %\ld be requir$ to br+ up "o ( "s o!r ewe's tw9s1 or ! lamb ( "s feeble or "y ewe1 hav+ an inadequate supply ( milk4 ,h] own lamb %\ld be sk9n$ z soon z possible aft] dea?1 & ! sk9 sew$ ov] ! lamb :i* %e is to fo/]4 ,%e w sometimes be a little suspici\s = a day or two2 & if s1 %e %\ld be kept 9 a small p5 ) ! lamb1 & occasionally look$ to4 ,aft] %e has tak5 well to x1 ! false sk9 may be remov$ 9 ?ree or f\r days4 ,if no lamb is plac$ on a ewe :i* lo/ h] lamb1 & :i* has a full bag ( milk1 ! milk %\ld be drawn f ! bag once or twice1 or g>get may ensue2 ev5 if ?is is n ! result1 p]man5t indurations1 or o!r results ( inflammatory action1 w take place1 injur+ ! subsequ5t nurs+ prop]ties ( ! animal4 ,:5 milk$1 x is well to wa% ! bag = "s "t 9 cold wat]1 s9ce x *ecks ! subsequ5t secretions ( milk1 z well z allays inflammation4 ,sometimes a "y ewe1 ?\gh exhibit+ suffici5t fondness = h] lamb1 w n /& = x to suck2 & 9 ?is case1 if ! lamb is n v /rong & p]sev]+1 & p>ticul>ly if ! wea!r is cold1 x soon gr[s weak1 & p]i%es4 ,! conduct ( ! dam1 9 su* in/ances1 is occasion$ by inflammatory action ab\t ! bag or teats1 & p]haps some:at by ! novelty ( h] position4 ,9 ?is case1 ! %eep %\ld be caught & held until ! lamb has exhau/$ h] bag1 & !re w n (t5 be any tr\ble aft]w>d2 ?\gh x may be well en\gh to keep !m 9 a p5 toge!r until ! fact is det]m9$4 ,su* p5s--necess>y 9 a v>iety ( cases o!r ?an ^? m5tion$--ne$ n exce$ eight or t5 feet squ>e1 & %\ld be built ( light mat]ials1 & fa/5$ toge!r at ! corn]s1 s t !y c be readily mov$ by "o man1 or1 at ! mo/1 two1 f place to place1 :]e !y are want$4 ,_! position %\ld be daily %ift$1 :5 %eep are 9 !m1 = cleanl9ess & fre% fe$4 ,light p9e poles laid up l a f5ce1 & ea* nail$ & pegg$ to ! l[] ones at ! corn]s1 or laid on1 are q s]viceable4 ,two or ?ree sides ( a few ( !m %\ld be wattl$ ) twigs1 & ! tops p>tly cov]$1 9 ord] to %ield feeble lambs f cold ra9s1 pi]c+ w9ds1 & ! l4 ,"y lambs are subject to :at is commonly kn[n z p9n+--t is1 _! fir/ excrem5ts are s adhesive & t5aci\s t ! orifice ( ! anus is clos$1 & subsequ5t evacuations prev5t$4 ,! adh]+ matt]1 9 su* cases1 %\ld be entirely remov$1 & ! "p rubb$ ) a little dry clay1 to prev5t subsequ5t adhesion4 ,lambs w frequ5tly p]i% f ?is cause1 if n look$ to = ! fir/ few days4 ,! ewes & _! "y ought to be divid$ into small flocks1 & h a frequ5t *ange ( pa/ure4 ,"s c>eful %eph]ds adopt ! plan ( conf9+ _! lambs1 all[+ !m to suck two or ?ree times a day4 ,by ?is me?od !y suff] no fatigue1 & ?rive mu* fa/]4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 tr\blesome z well z injuri\s1 s9ce ! ex]cise is ess5tial to ! heal? & con/itution ( ! lamb int5d$ = re>+4 ,x is admissible only :5 !y are want$ = an e>ly m>ket2 & ) ^? :o re> !m = ?is purpose x is a common practice4 ,:]e !re are orphans or sup]num]>ies 9 ! flock1 ! des]t$ lambs mu/ be br\ght up by h&4 ,su* animals1 call$ pet lambs1 are support$ on c['s milk1 :i* !y receive w>m f ! c[s ea* "t !y are milk$1 & z mu* z !y c dr9k4 ,9 ! int]vals ( meals1 9 bad wea!r1 !y are kept "u cov]2 9 good wea!r !y are put into a grass enclosure dur+ ! day1 & %elt]$ at night until ! nights become w>m4 ,!y are f$ by h& out ( a small vessel1 :i* %\ld conta9 z mu* milk z x is kn[n ea* c dr9k4 ,!y are fir/ taught to dr9k out ( ! vessel ) ! f+]s1 l a calf1 & z soon z !y c hold a f+] /eady 9 ! m\?1 a small t9 tube1 ab\t ?ree in*es 9 l5g?1 & ( ! ?ickness ( a goose-quill1 %\ld be cov]$ ) sev]al folds ( l951 sew$ tightly on1 to use z a sub/itute = a teat1 by means ( :i* !y w dr9k _! all[ance ( milk ) great ease & quickness4 ,a goose-quill w\ld answ] ! same purpose1 7 x n easily squeez$ toge!r by ! m\?4 ,:5 ! same p]son fe$s ! lambs--& ?is %\ld be ! dairy-maid--!y soon become atta*$ to h]1 & desire to foll[ h] ev]y:]e2 b to prev5t _! bleat+1 & to make !m cont5t$1 an apron or a piece ( clo?1 hung on a /ake or bu% 9 ! inclosure1 w keep !m toge!r4 ,x is mu* bett] = ! lambs & = _! dams t !y be wean$ f ?ree & a half to f\r mon?s old4 ,:5 tak5 away1 !y %\ld be put = sev]al days 9 a field di/ant f ! ewes1 t !y may n he> ea* o!r's bleat+s1 z ! lambs1 :5 9 he>+ ( _! dams1 cont9ue re/less mu* long]1 & make con/ant &1 frequ5tly1 successful ef=ts to crawl ?r\gh ! f5ces :i* sep>ate !m4 ,"o or two tame old ewes are turn$ into ! field ) !m1 to tea* !m to come at ! call1 f9d salt :5 ?r[n to !m1 & eat out ( tr\ghs :5 w9t] approa*es4 ,:5 wean$1 ! lambs %\ld be put on ! fre%e/ & t5d]e/ grass--ri*1 sweet food1 b n too luxuriant4 ,! grass & clov]1 s[n ! prec$+ spr+1 on gra9-fields se$$ d[n1 is (t5 res]v$ = !m4 ,! dams1 on ! contr>y1 %\ld be put = a =tnight on %ort1 dry fe$1 to /op ! fl[ ( milk4 ,!y %\ld be look$ to aft] a day or two1 & if ! bags ( any are f\nd mu* di/5d$1 ! milk %\ld be drawn away1 & ! bags wa%$ = a little "t 9 cold wat]4 ,on %ort fe$1 !y r>ely give mu* tr\ble 9 ?is respect4 ,:5 ?or\ghly dri$ (f1 !y %\ld h ! be/ f>e1 to enable !m to recov] condition = subsequ5t bre$+ & w9t]+4 ,! fall is a critical p]iod 9 :i* to lose fle%1 ei!r = %eep or lambs2 & if any are f\nd defici5t1 !y %\ld at once be provid$ ) extra fe$ & att5tion4 ,if cold wea!r ov]take !m1 poor or 9 ill heal?1 !y w sc>cely outlive x2 or if by *ance !y survive1 _! emaciat$ c>cass1 impair$ con/itution1 & scant fleece w ill repay ! food & att5tion !y w h co/4 ,,ca/ration ,,& ,,dock+4 ,"s bre$]s advocate ca/ration 9 a day or two aft] bir?1 :ile o!rs w n all[ ! op]ation to be p]=m$ until ! lamb is a mon? old4 ,! weight ( au?ority1 h[ev]1 is 9 favor ( any "t betwe5 two & six weeks aft] bir?1 :5 ! creature has atta9$ "s /r5g?1 & ! p>ts h n become too rigid4 ,9 su* circum/ances1 ! be/ ,engli% bre$]s recomm5d f t5 to fifte5 days old z ! prop] "t4 ,a lamb ( a day old _c be confirm$ 9 all ! functions ( its body1 &1 inde$1 9 _m in/ances1 ! te/icles c !n sc>cely be f\nd4 ,at a mon? old1 on ! o!r h&1 ! lamb may be s fat1 & ! wea!r s w>m1 t ! op]ation may be att5d$ ) febrile action4 ,dry1 pleasant wea!r %\ld be select$ = ?is3 a cool day1 if possible2 if w>m1 x %\ld be done e>ly 9 ! morn+4 ,ca/ration is a simple & safe process4 ,let a man hold a lamb ) its back press$ firmly aga9/ 8 brea/ & /oma*1 & all f\r legs ga!r$ 9 front 9 8 h&s4 ,cut (f ! bottom ( ! p\*1 free ! te/icle f ! inclos+ membrane1 & !n draw x /eadily out1 or clip ! cord ) a knife if x does n snap (f at a prop] di/ance f ! te/icle4 ,"s %eph]ds draw bo? te/icles at once ) _! tee?4 ,x is usual to drop a little salt into ! p\*4 ,:]e ! wea!r is v w>m1 "s t\* ! end ( ! p\* ) an o9tm5t1 consi/+ ( t>1 l>d1 & turp5t9e4 ,z a g5]al ?+1 h[ev]1 ! animal w d z well )\t any application4 ,! object ( dock+ is to keep ! %eep beh9d clean f fil? & v]m92 s9ce ! tail1 if left on1 is apt to collect fil?1 &1 if ! animal purges1 becomes an intol]able nuisance4 ,! tail1 h[ev]1 %\ld n be dock$ too %ort1 s9ce x is a protection aga9/ cold 9 w9t]4 ,?is op]ation is by _m def]r$ till a late p]iod1 f appreh5sion ( too mu* loss ( blood2 b1 if ! wea!r be favorable & ! lamb 9 good condition1 x may be p]=m$ at ! same "t z ca/ration ) ! lea/ tr\ble & )\t injury4 ,! tail %\ld be laid ^u a plank1 ! animal be+ held 9 ! same position z be=e4 ,) "o h& ! sk9 is drawn t[>d ! body1 :ile ano!r p]son1 ) a two-in* *isel & mallet1 /rikes x (f at a bl[1 betwe5 ! bone-jo9ts1 leav+ x f "o & a half to two in*es long4 ,! sk9 imm$iately slips back ov] ! w\nd1 :i* is soon heal$4 ,%\ld ble$+ cont9ue--z1 h[ev]1 r>ely happ5s--s long z to sick5 ! lamb1 a small cord %\ld be ti$ firmly r\nd ! end ( ! tail2 b ?is mu/ n be all[$ to rema9 on above tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 z ! po9ts ( ! tail w\ld sl\gh (f4 ,ewe lambs %\ld be dock$ clos] ?an rams4 ,to prev5t flies & maggots1 & assi/ 9 heal+1 x is well to apply an o9tm5t compos$ ( l>d & t>1 9 ! proportion ( f\r p\nds ( ! =m] to "o qu>t ( ! latt]4 ,! lambs %\ld be c>efully protect$ f cold & wet till !y are p]fectly well4 ,illu/ration ,,fe$+ ,,& ,,managem5t ,,fe$+4 ,z soon z ! w>m wea!r approa*es & ! grass appe>s1 %eep become re/ive & impati5t = ! pa/ure4 ,?is in/9ct %\ld be repress$ till ! gr\nd has become ?or\ghly dry1 & ! grass has acquir$ sub/ance4 ,!y ought1 moreov]1 to be provid$ = ! *ange ( food by ! daily use ( roots = a few days be=e turn+ out4 ,! t5d5cy to excessive purg+ :i* is induc$ by ! fir/ spr+-fe$1 may be *eck$ by h\s+ !m at night & fe$+ !m = ! fir/ few days ) a little s\nd1 sweet hay4 ,!y mu/ be provid$ ) pure wat] & salt2 =1 ?\gh !y may d tol]ably well )\t ei!r1 yet ?rift & fre$om f disease are *eaply secur$ by ?is slight att5tion4 ,z to wat]1 x may be said t x is n indisp5sable 9 ! summ] pa/ures1 s9ce ! dews & ! succul5ce ( ! fe$ answ] z a sub/itute2 b a wide exp]i5ce hav+ demon/rat$ t free access to x is advantage\s1 p>ticul>ly to ^? hav+ lambs1 x %\ld be consid]$ a matt] ( importance on a %eep-f>m s to arrange ! pa/ures1 if possible1 z to br+ wat] into ea* ( !m4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,cov]$ ,,salt+ ,,box4 ,,salt is indisp5sable to ! heal?1 especially 9 ! summ]4 ,x is common to give x once a week1 :ile !y are at grass4 ,x is /ill bett] to give !m free access to x1 at all times1 by keep+ x 9 a cov]$ box1 op5 on "o side1 z 9 ! engrav+ annex$4 ,a l>ge holl[ log1 ) holes cut along ! side = ! ins]tion ( ! heads ( ! animals1 answ]s v well4 ,a %eep hav+ free access to salt at all times w nev] eat too mu* ( x2 & x w take its supply at su* times & 9 su* quantities z ,nature dem&s1 in/ead ( eat+ ( x voraci\sly at /at$ p]iods1 z int]m$iate ab/95ce w /imulate x to d4 ,:5 salt is f$ b once a week1 x is bett] to h a /at$ day1 s t x w n be =gott52 & x is well to lay ! salt on flat /ones--?\gh if laid 9 little h&fuls on ! grass1 v little ( x w be lo/4 ,,t>4 ,?is is suppos$ by _m to =m a v heal?ful condim5t = %eep1 & !y sme> ! nose ) x1 :i* is lick$ & swall[$ z ! natural heat ( ! fle%1 or t ( ! wea!r1 causes x to trickle d[n ov] ! no/rils & lips4 ,o!rs1 suff]+ ! flock to get unusually salt-hungry1 place t> ^u flat /ones1 or 9 tr\ghs1 & !n scatt] salt ^u x s t bo? may be consum$ toge!r4 ,appli$ to ! nose1 9 ! nature ( a cataplasm1 x may be advantage\s 9 cat>rhs2 & 9 ! same place1 at ! prop] p]iods1 its odor may1 p]haps1 repel ! fly1 ! eggs ( :i* produce ! g\t 9 ! head1 z x is t]m$4 ,h[ev] valuable x may be z a m$ic9e1 & ev5 z a deb]g5t 9 ! case specifi$1 !re is b slight gr\nd = confid5ce 9 x m]ely z a condim5t4 ,dry1 sweet pa/ures1 & su* z ab\nd 9 aromatic & bitt] plants1 are be/ suit$ = %eep-walks4 ,no animal1 ) ! exception ( ! goat1 crops s great a v>iety ( plants4 ,!y eat _m :i* are reject$ by ! horse & ! ox1 :i* are ev5 ess5tial to _! own wants4 ,9 ?is respect !y are valuable assi/ants to ! husb&man1 z !y fe$ gre$ily on wild mu/>d1 burdock1 ?i/les1 m>%-mall[s1 milk-we$1 & v>i\s o!r (f5d+ plants2 & ! ,m]9o exce$s ! m rec5t bre$s 9 ! range ( 8 selections4 ,9 pa/ures1 h[ev]1 :]e ! dry /alks ( ! burdock1 or ! h\nd's-tongue1 or tory-we$ h rema9$ /&+ ov] ! w9t]1 ! burs are caught 9 ! n[ long wool1 &1 if !y are num]\s1 ! wool is r5d]$ entirely unm>ketable & almo/ valueless4 ,ev5 ! dry prickles ( ! common & ,canada ?i/les1 :]e !y are v num]\s1 get into ! neck-wool ( %eep1 z !y ?ru/ _! heads "u & among !m to crop ! fir/ sc>ce fe$ ( ! nor!rn spr+2 &1 indep5d5tly ( injur+ ! wool1 !y make x difficult to wa% & o!rwise h&le ! %eep4 ,inde$1 x is a matt] ( ! s\nde/ policy to keep %eep on ! cleane/ pa/ures1 ^? free f ^! & simil> plants2 & 9 a region :]e !y are pa/ur$ ! ye> r\nd1 !y %\ld be kept f contact ) !m = "s mon?s prior to %e>+4 ,_m prep>e artificial pa/ures = _! flocks1 :i* may be done ) a numb] ( plants4 ,w9t] rye1 or :eat s[n e>ly 9 ! season1 may be f$ (f 9 ! fall1 )\t injury to ! crop2 &1 9 ! foll[+ spr+1 ! rye may be pa/ur$ till ! /alks %oot up & beg9 to =m a head4 ,?is af=ds an e>ly & nutriti\s food4 ,corn may be s[n broadca/1 or ?ickly 9 drills1 & ei!r f$ (f 9 ! fields or cut & c>ri$ to ! %eep 9 _! folds4 ,:ite mu/>d is also a valuable crop = ?is purpose4 ,to give %eep suffici5t v>iety1 x is bett] to divide _! range into sev]al small] ones1 & *ange !m z (t51 at lea/1 z once a week4 ,!y seek a favorite re/+-place1 on a dry1 elevat$ "p ( ! field1 :i* soon becomes soil$4 ,by remov+ !m f ?is = a few days1 ra9 w cleanse or ! sun dry x1 s z to make x aga9 suitable = !m4 ,m %eep may be kept1 & 9 bett] condition1 :]e ?is practice is adopt$1 ?an :]e !y are conf9$ to ! same pa/ure4 ,,%ade4 ,no "o :o has obs]v$ ) :at eag]ness %eep seek %ade 9 hot wea!r1 & h[ !y pant & app>5tly suff] :5 a hot sun is p\r+ d[n ^u _! ne>ly nak$ bodies1 w d\bt t1 bo? z a matt] ( humanity & utility1 !y %\ld be provid$1 dur+ ! hot summ]-mon?s1 ) a bett] %elt] ?an t af=d$ by a common rail-f5ce4 ,=e/ trees are ! mo/ natural & ! be/ %ades1 & x is z contr>y to utility z x is to good ta/e to /rip !m entirely f ! %eep-walks4 ,a /rip ( /one-wall or close bo>d f5ce on ! s\? & we/ sides ( ! pa/ure1 =ms a tol]able sub/itute = trees4 ,b 9 ! abs5ce ( all ^! & ( build+s ( any k9d1 a %ade c be *eaply con/ruct$ ( poles & bru%1 9 ! same mann] z ! %$s ( ! same mat]ials = w9t] %elt]1 :i* w be h]eaft] describ$4 ,,f5ces4 ,poor f5ces w tea* ewes & we!rs1 z well z rams1 to jump2 & = a jump+ flock !re is no rem$y b immod]ately high f5ces1 or extirpation4 ,"o jump] w soon tea* ! trick to a :ole flock2 & if "o by *ance is br\ght 91 x %\ld be imm$iately hoppl$ or kill$4 ,! la/ is by f> ! sure/ & safe/ rem$y4 ,,hoppl+ is done by sew+ ! ends ( a lea!r /rap1 broad at ! extremities1 s t x w n cut into ! fle%1 to a =e & h9d leg1 j above ! pa/]n jo9ts1 leav+ ! legs at ab\t ! natural di/ance ap>t4 ,clogg+ is fa/5+ a billet ( wood to ! =e leg by a lea!r /rap4 ,yok+ is fa/5+ two rams two or ?ree feet ap>t1 by b[s ar\nd _! necks1 ins]t$ 9 a light piece ( timb]1 "s two or ?ree in*es 9 size4 ,pok+ is done by ins]t+ a b[ 9 a %ort bit ( light timb]1 into :i* bit--worn on ! "u side ( ! neck--a rod is ins]t$1 :i* projects a c\ple ( feet 9 front ( ! %eep4 ,^! & simil> devices1 to prev5t rams f scal+ f5ces1 may be employ$ z a la/ resort by ^? improvid5t f>m]s :o pref]1 by su* tr\blesome1 injuri\s1 &1 at be/1 insecure means1 to gu>d aga9/ t vici\sness :i* !y might s mu* m easily h prev5t$ f be+ acquir$4 ,,dang]\s ,,rams4 ,f be+ teas$ & annoy$ by boys1 or pett$ & play$ ) :5 "y1 & sometimes )\t any o!r /imulant ?an a naturally vici\s temp]1 rams occasionally become v tr\blesome by _! prop5sity to attack m5 or cattle4 ,"s w all[ no man to ent] ! field :]e !y are )\t mak+ an imm$iate onset ^u him2 :ile o!rs w knock d[n ! ox or horse :i* presumes to dispute a lock ( hay ) !m4 ,a ram :i* is kn[n to h acquir$ ?is prop5sity %\ld at once be hood$1 &1 if n valuable1 at ! prop] season conv]t$ into a we!r4 ,b ! c\rage ?us manife/$ is usually ! concomitant ( great /r5g? & vigor ( con/itution1 & ( a p[]fully develop$ frame4 ,if good 9 o!r p>ticul>s1 x is a pity to lose ! s]vices ( s valuable an animal4 ,9 su* cases1 !y may be hood$1 by cov]+ _! faces ) lea!r 9 su* a mann] t !y c only see a little backw>d & =w>d4 ,!y mu/ !n1 h[ev]1 be kept ap>t f ! flock ( rams1 or !y w soon be kill$ or injur$ by bl[s1 :i* !y _c see to escape4 ,x sometimes happ5s t a usually quiet-temp]$ ram w sudd5ly exhibit "s pugnacity :5 "o is salt+ or fe$+ ! flock4 ,if su* a p]son turns to run1 he is imm$iately knock$ d[n1 & ! ram le>ns1 f t s+le lesson1 ! secret ( 8 ma/]y1 & ! prop5sity to ex]cise x4 ,z ! ram gives 8 bl[ f ! summit ( ! p>ietal & ! po/]ior portion ( ! frontal bones on ! top ( 8 head1 & n f ! =ehead1 he is oblig$ to cr\* 8 head s l[ :5 he makes 8 onset t he does n see =w>d well en\gh to sw]ve sudd5ly f 8 "r l9e1 & a few quick motions to ! "r & left enable "o to escape him4 ,run 9 ^u him1 z he da%es by1 ) pit*-=k1 club1 or boot-heel1 & puni% him sev]ely by bl[s ab\t ! head1 if ! club is us$1 giv+ him no "t to rally until he is ?or\ghly c[$4 ,?is may be deem$ h>% treatm5t1 & likely to increase ! vici\sness ( ! animal4 ,repeat$ in/ances h1 h[ev]1 prov$ ! contr>y2 & if ! animal once is =c$ to ackn[l$ge t he is ov]come1 he nev] =gets ! lesson4 ,,prairie ,,fe$+4 ,%eep1 :5 de/9$ = ! prairies1 ought to comm5ce _! j\rney z e>ly aft] ! %e>+ z possible1 s9ce !y are !n dis5cumb]$ ( _! fleece1 & d n cat* & reta9 z mu* du/ z :5 driv5 lat]2 fe$ is also g5]ally bett]1 & ! roads are dry & h>d4 ,"y & heal?y %eep %\ld be select$1 ) e>ly lambs2 or1 if ! latt] are too "y1 & ! di/ance great1 !y %\ld be left1 & ! ewes dri$ (f4 ,a l>ge wagon ought to accompany ! flock1 to c>ry su* z occasionally give out2 or !y may be dispos$ ( :5ev] !y become enfeebl$4 ,) good c>e1 a h>dy flock may be driv5 at ! rate ( twelve or f\rte5 miles a day4 ,con/ant wat*fulness is requisite1 9 ord] to keep !m heal?y & 9 good plight4 ,"o-half ! exp5se ( driv+ may be sav$ by ! use ( well-tra9$ %eph]d-dogs4 ,:5 arriv$ at _! de/9ation1 !y mu/ be ?or\ghly wa%$1 to free !m f all dirt1 & closely exam9$ z to any diseases :i* !y may h contract$1 t ^! may be promptly remov$4 ,a v>iety ( suitable food & good %elt] mu/ be provid$ = ! autumn1 w9t]1 & spr+ ensu+1 & e necess>y att5tion giv5 to !m4 ,?is w\ld be necess>y if !y 7 indig5\s to ! c\ntry2 b x is mu* m s :5 !y h j und]gone a campaign to :i* nei!r !y nor _! race h be5 accu/om$4 ,%eep _c be kept on ! prairies )\t mu* c>e1 artificial food1 & prop] att5tion2 & losses h (t5 occurr$1 by reason ( a false sy/em ( economy attempt$ by _m1 f disease & mortality 9 ! flocks1 amply suffici5t to h made a g5]\s provision = ! com=t & security ( twice ! numb] lo/4 ,m especially d !y require prop] food & att5tion aft] ! fir/ sev]e fro/s set 91 :i* )] & kill ! natural grasses4 ,by nibbl+ at ! bog--! fro/bitt51 dead grass--!y are inevitably subject to con/ipation1 :i* a b\ntiful supply ( roots1 sulphur1 etc41 is alone suffici5t to remove4 ,roots1 gra91 good hay1 /raw1 corn-/alks1 & pea or bean-v9es are ess5tial to ! pres]vation ( _! heal? & ?rift dur+ ! w9t]1 ev]y:]e nor? ( ?irty-n9e degrees4 ,9 summ]1 ! natural h]bage is suffici5t to su/a9 !m 9 f9e condition1 till !y %all h acquir$ a d5s] population ( animals1 :5 x w be f\nd necess>y to /ock _! mead[s ) ! be/ v>ieties ( artificial grasses4 ,! prairies seem adapt$ to ! usual v>ieties ( %eep introduc$ into ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 & ( su* are ! flocks made up1 accord+ to ! ta/e or judgm5t ( ! own]s4 ,%eph]d dogs are invaluable to ! own]s ( flocks1 9 ^! unf5c$1 illimitable ranges1 bo? z a def5ce aga9/ ! small prairie wolves1 :i* pr[l ar\nd ! %eep1 b h be5 rapidly ?9n$ (f by ! settl]s1 & also z assi/ants to ! %eph]ds 9 driv+ & h]d+ _! flocks on ! op5 gr\nd4 ,,fall ,,fe$+4 ,9 ! ,nor?1 ! grass (t5 gets v %ort by ! t5? or fifte5? ( ,novemb]1 & x has lo/ mo/ ( its nutriti\sness f repeat$ freez+ & ?aw+4 ,at ?is "t1 al?\gh no sn[ may h fall51 x is be/ to give ! %eep a light1 daily fodd]+ ( bright hay1 & a few oats 9 ! bundle4 ,giv5 ?us = ! t5 or twelve days :i* prec$e ! cov]+ ( ! gr\nd by sn[1 fodd] pays = itself z well z at any o!r "t dur+ ! ye>4 ,x is well to fe$ oats 9 ! bundle1 or ?re%$ oats1 ab\t a gill to ! head1 9 ! fe$+-tr\ghs1 c>ri$ to ! field = t purpose4 ,,w9t] ,,fe$+4 ,! "t = tak+ %eep f ! pa/ures mu/ dep5d on ! /ate ( ! wea!r & food4 ,sev]e fro/s de/roy mu* ( ! nutrim5t 9 ! grasses1 & !y soon aft] cease to af=d adequate n\ri%m5t4 ,long exposure to cold /orms1 ) su* food to su/a9 !m1 w rapidly r$uce ! condition ( ^! animals4 ,! only safe rule is to transf] !m to _! w9t]-qu>t]s ! fir/ day !y cease to ?rive abroad4 ,!re is no bett] food = %eep ?an well-rip5$1 s\nd ,timo?y hay2 ?\gh ! clov]s & ne>ly all ! cultivat$ grasses may be advantage\sly f$4 ,hundr$s & ?\s&s ( nor!rn flocks receive1 dur+ ! entire w9t]1 no?+ b ord9>y hay1 consi/+ ma9ly ( ,timo?y1 "s r$ & :ite clov]1 & frequ5tly a spr9kl+ ( gum1 or spe> grass4 ,bean & pea /raw are valuable1 especially ! =m]1 :i*1 if prop]ly cur$1 !y pref] to ! be/ hay2 & x is well adapt$ to ! production ( wool4 ,:]e hay is ! pr9cipal fe$1 x may be well1 :]e x is conv5i5t1 to give corn-/alks e fif? or six? fe$1 or ev5 once a day2 or ! daily fe$1 n ( hay1 might alt]nate betwe5 /alks1 pea-/raw1 /raws ( ! c]eal gra9s1 etc4 ,x is ma9ly a "q ( conv5i5ce ) ! f>m]1 provid$ a prop] supply ( palatable nutrim5t )9 a prop] compass is giv54 ,x w\ld n1 h[ev]1 be entirely safe to conf9e any k9d ( %eep to ! /raw ( ! c]eal gra9s1 unless x 7 "s ( ^? little h>dy v>ieties ( animals :i* w\ld be ( no use 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,! exp$i5cy ( fe$+ gra9 to /ore-%eep 9 w9t] dep5ds mu* on circum/ances4 ,if 9 a climate :]e !y c obta9 a prop] supply ( grass or o!r gre5 escul5ts1 x w\ld1 ( c\rse1 be unnecess>y2 nor is x a matt] ( necessity :]e ! gr\nd is froz5 or cov]$ ) sn[ = weeks or mon?s1 provid$ ! %eep be pl5tifully suppli$ ) good dry fodd]4 ,ne> m>kets :]e ! co>s] gra9s f9d a quick sale at fair prices1 x is n usual1 9 ! ,nor?1 to fe$ gra94 ,remote f m>kets x is g5]ally f$ by ! hold]s ( l>ge flocks4 ,oats are commonly pref]r$1 & !y are f$ at ! rate ( a gill a head p] day4 ,"s fe$ half ! same am\nt ( yell[ corn4 ,few] %eep1 p>ticul>ly lambs & ye>l+s1 get ?9 & p]i% :]e !y receive a daily fe$ ( gra92 !y consume less hay1 & _! fleeces are increas$ 9 weight4 ,on ! :ole1 !re=e1 x is consid]$ good economy4 ,:]e no gra9 is f$1 ?ree daily fe$s ( hay are giv54 ,! small] sizes ( ! ,saxon may be well su/a9$ on two p\nds ( hay2 b l>g] %eep w consume f ?ree & a half to f\r or ev5 five p\nds p] day4 ,%eep1 9 common ) all o!r animals1 :5 expos$ to cold1 w consume mu* m ?an if well protect$1 or dur+ a w>m] season4 ,x is a common & v good practice to fe$ gre5i% cut oats 9 ! bundle1 at noon1 & give b two fe$s ( hay1 "o at morn+ & "o at night4 ,"s fe$ gre5i% cut peas 9 ! same way4 ,9 w>m1 ?aw+ wea!r1 :5 %eep get to ! gr\nd & refuse dry hay1 a little gra9 assi/s mat]ially 9 keep+ up _! /r5g? & condition4 ,:5 ! fe$ is %orte/ 9 w9t]1 9 ! ,s\?1 !re are _m localities :]e %eep c get en\gh grass to take (f _! appetite = dry hay1 b n q en\gh to keep !m 9 prime ord]4 ,a mod]ate daily fe$ ( oats or pease1 plac$ 9 ! depository racks1 w\ld keep !m /rong & 9 good plight = ! lamb+ season1 & increase _! weight ( wool4 ,few ,nor!rn f>m]s fe$ ,indian corn to /ore-%eep1 z x is consid]$ too hot & /imulat+1 & %eep are ?\ght to become m liable to become cloy$ on x ?an on oats1 pease1 etc4 ,yell[ corn is n g5]ally judg$ a v safe fe$ = lambs & ye>l+s4 ,/ore-%eep %\ld be kept 9 good1 fair1 plump condition4 ,lambs & ye>l+s may be z fat z !y w become on prop] fe$+4 ,x is /at$ t %eep w eat cotton-se$1 & ?rive on x4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$ t %eep are n to be all[$ to get ?9 dur+ ! w9t]1 ) ! idea t _! condition c at any "t be readily rais$ by bett] fe$1 z ) ! horse or ox4 ,x is always difficult1 &1 unless prop]ly manag$1 exp5sive & haz>d\s1 to attempt to raise ! condition ( a poor flock 9 ! w9t]1 especially if !y h rea*$ t po9t :]e !y manife/ weakness4 ,if ! fe$+ ( a lib]al all[ance ( gra9 be sudd5ly comm5c$1 fatal di>rhoea w (t5 sup]v5e4 ,all extra fe$+1 !re=e1 mu/ be begun v gradually2 & x does n appe>1 9 any case1 to produce proportionable results4 ,roots1 su* z ruta-bagas1 ,iri% potatoes1 & ! l1 make a good sub/itute = gra91 or z extra fe$ = gr[n %eep4 ,! ruta-baga is pref]able to ! potato 9 its equival5ts ( nutrim5t4 ,no root1 h[ev]1 is z good = lambs & ye>l+s z an equival5t ( gra94 ,%eep may be taught to eat ne>ly all ! cultivat$ roots4 ,?is is done by )hold+ salt f !m1 & !n fe$+ ! *opp$ roots a few times1 rubb$ ) j suffici5t salt to induce !m to eat ! root to obta9 x2 b n en\gh to satisfy _! appetite = salt be=e !y h acquir$ a ta/e = ! roots4 ,x is cu/om>y ) "s f>m]s to cut d[n1 f "t to "t 9 ! w9t]1 & draw into ! %eep-y>ds1 "y trees ( ! hemlock1 ^: foliage is gre$ily eat5 by ! %eep1 aft] be+ conf9$ = "s "t to dry fe$4 ,?is br[se is commonly us$1 l t>1 = "s suppos$ m$ic9al virtues4 ,x is pron\nc$ heal?y = %eep4 ,mu* ! same rem>ks might be made ab\t ?is z h be5 already made conc]n+ t>4 ,no tonics & /imulants are ne$$ = a heal?y animal4 ,if ! foliage ( ! hemlock 7 con/antly accessible to !m1 !re w\ld be no possible objection to _! eat+ x1 s9ce _! in/9cts1 9 t case1 w\ld tea* !m :e!r1 & 9 :at quantities1 to dev\r x2 b :5 entirely conf9$ to dry fe$ = a protract$ p]iod1 %eep w consume injuri\s & ev5 poison\s succul5ts1 & ( ! mo/ :olesome ones1 hurtful quantities4 ,z a m]e laxative1 an occasional fe$ ( hemlock may be b5eficial2 ?\gh1 9 ?is po9t ( view1 a day's run at grass1 9 a ?aw1 or a fe$ ( roots1 w\ld produce ! same result4 ,9 a climate :]e grass is procurable mo/ ( ! "t1 br[se = m$ic9al purposes is entirely unnecess>y4 ,%eep und\bt$ly require salt 9 w9t]4 ,"s salt _! hay :5 x is /or$ 9 ! b>n or /ack4 ,?is is objectionable1 s9ce ! appetite ( ! %eep is mu* ! safe/ guide 9 ! premises4 ,x may be left accessible to !m 9 ! salt-box1 z 9 summ]2 or an occasional fe$ ( gr9$ hay or /raw may be giv5 !m 9 w>m1 ?aw+ wea!r1 :5 _! appetite is poor4 ,?is la/ is an excell5t plan1 & s]ves a d\ble purpose4 ,) a wisp ( /raw1 spr9kle a ?9 lay] ( /raw ) br9e1 !n ano!r lay] ( /raw1 & ano!r spr9kl+1 & s on4 ,let ?is lie until ! next day1 = ! br9e to be absorb$ by ! /raw1 & !n fe$ x to all ! graz+ animals on ! f>m :i* ne$ salt+4 ,wat] is indisp5sable1 unless %eep h access to succul5t food1 or clean sn[4 ,con/ant access to a brook or spr+ is be/2 b1 9 default ( ?is1 !y %\ld be wat]$ at lea/ once a day 9 "s o!r way4 ,,fe$+ ,,) ,,o!r ,,/ock4 ,%eep %\ld n run1 or be f$1 9 y>ds1 ) any o!r /ock4 ,cattle hook !m1 (t5 mortally2 & colts tease & frequ5tly injure !m4 ,x is (t5 said t colts w pick up :at %eep leave4 ,b well-manag$ %eep r>ely leave any ?+2 &1 if !y *ance s to d1 x is bett] to rake x up & ?r[ x into ! colts' y>d1 ?an to fe$ !m toge!r4 ,if %eep are n requir$ to eat _! food pretty clean1 !y w soon le>n to wa/e l>ge quantities4 ,if1 h[ev]1 !y are ov]-f$ ) ei!r hay or gra91 x is n prop] to compel !m1 by />vation1 to come back & eat x4 ,?is !y w n d1 unless sorely p9*$4 ,clean out ! tr\ghs1 or rake up ! hay1 & ! next "t fe$ less4 ,,division ,,( ,,flocks4 ,if flocks are %ut up 9 small inclosures dur+ w9t]1 accord+ to ! nor!rn cu/om1 x is necess>y to divide !m into flocks ( ab\t "o hundr$ ea*1 consi/+ ( %eep ( ab\t ! same size & /r5g?2 o!rwise1 ! /rong] rob ! weak]1 & ! latt] rapidly decl9e4 ,?is is n s important :]e ! %eep roam at l>ge2 b1 ev5 9 t case1 "s division & classification are be/4 ,x is be/1 inde$1 ev5 9 summ]4 ,! poor] & feebl] c by ?is means receive bett] pa/ure1 or a little m gra9 & bett] %elt] 9 w9t]4 ,by ^? :o gr[ wool to any ext5t1 bre$+ ewes1 lambs1 & we!rs1 are inv>iably kept 9 sep>ate flocks 9 w9t]2 & x is be/ to keep ye>l+ %eep by !mselves ) a few ( ! smalle/ two-ye>-olds1 & any old crones :i* are kept = _! excell5ce z bre$]s1 b :i* _c ma9ta9 !mselves 9 ! flock ( bre$+ ewes4 ,old & feeble or w\nd$ %eep1 late-born lambs1 etc41 %\ld be plac$ by !mselves1 ev5 if ! numb] be small1 z !y require bett] fe$1 w>m] %elt]1 & m att5tion4 ,unless ! %eep are ( a peculi>ly valuable v>iety1 h[ev]1 x is bett] to sell !m (f 9 ! fall at any price1 or to give !m to "s poor neighbor :o has "t to nurse !m1 & :o may ?us comm5ce a flock4 ,,regul>ity ,,9 ,,fe$+4 ,if any "o pr9ciple 9 %eep husb&ry des]ves c>eful att5tion m ?an o!rs1 x is1 t ! utmo/ regul>ity mu/ be pres]v$ 9 fe$+4 ,fir/1 !re %\ld be regul>ity z to ! times ( fe$+4 ,h[ev] abundantly provid$ =1 :5 a flock are fodd]$ sometimes at "o h\r & sometimes at ano!r--sometimes ?ree times a day1 & sometimes twice--"s days gra91 & "s days none--!y _c be made to ?rive4 ,!y w d f> bett] on inf]ior keep1 if f$ ) /rict regul>ity4 ,9 a climate :]e !y require hay ?ree times a day1 ! be/ times = fe$+ are ab\t sunrise 9 ! morn+1 at noon1 & an h\r be=e d>k at night4 ,unlike cattle & horses1 %eep d n fe$ well 9 ! d>k2 &1 !re=e1 !y %\ld h "t to consume _! food be=e night sets 94 ,noon is ! common "t = fe$+ gra9 or roots1 & is ! be/ "t1 if b two fodd]+s ( hay are giv54 ,if ! %eep receive hay ?ree times1 x is n a matt] ( mu* consequ5ce ) :i* fe$+ gra9 is giv51 only t ! practice be uni=m4 ,secondly1 x is highly ess5tial t !re %\ld be regul>ity 9 ! am\nt f$4 ,! consumption ( hay w1 x is true1 dep5d mu* ^u ! wea!r2 ! ke5] ! cold1 ! m ! %eep w eat4 ,9 ! ,s\?1 mu* dep5ds ^u ! am\nt ( grass obta9$4 ,9 _m places1 a light1 daily fodd]+ supplies2 9 o!rs1 a light fodd]+ plac$ 9 ! depository racks once 9 two days1 answ]s ! purpose4 ,9 ! /eady cold wea!r ( ! ,nor?1 ! %eph]d readily le>ns to det]m9e ab\t h[ mu* hay w be consum$ be=e ! next fodd]+ "t4 ,& ?is am\nt %\ld1 z ne> z may be1 be regul>ly f$4 ,9 fe$+ gra9 or roots1 !re is no difficulty 9 pres]v+ entire regul>ity2 & x is va/ly m important ?an 9 fe$+ hay4 ,( ! latt]1 a %eep w n ov]-eat & surfeit itself2 ( ! =m]1 x w4 ,ev5 if x be n f$ gra9 to ! po9t ( surfeit+1 x w expect a l am\nt1 h[ev] ov]-pl5te\s1 at ! next fe$+2 fail+ to receive :i*1 x w p9e = x1 & manife/ uneas9ess4 ,! effect ( su* irregul>ity on ! /oma* & sy/em ( any animal is bad2 & ! %eep suff]s m f x ?an any o!r animal4 ,x is mu* bett] t ! flock receive no gra9 at all1 ?an t !y receive x )\t reg>d to regul>ity 9 ! am\nt4 ,! %eph]d %\ld measure out ! gra9 to ! %eep 9 all in/ances1 in/ead ( guess+ x out1 & measure x to ea* sep>ate flock4 ,,effect ,,( ,,food4 ,well-f$ %eep1 z has be5 previ\sly rem>k$1 produce m wool ?an poorly f$ ones4 ,no doctr9e is m cle>ly recogniz$ 9 agricultural *emi/ry ?an t animal tissues d]ive _! *emical compon5ts f ! same compon5ts exi/+ 9 _! food4 ,v>i\s analyses %[ t ! *emical composition ( wool1 hair1 ho(s1 nails1 horns1 fea!rs1 lean meat1 blood1 cellul> tissue1 n]ves1 etc41 are ne>ly id5tical4 ,! organic "p ( wool1 accord+ to /&>d au?orities1 consi/s ( c>bon1 #ej4fe2 hydrog51 #g4jc2 nitrog51 #ag4ga2 oxyg5 & sulphur1 #bd4fa4 ,! inorganic con/itu5ts are small4 ,:5 burn$1 x leaves b a trifl+ p] c5t4 ( a%4 ,! l>ge quantity ( nitrog5 conta9$ 9 wool %[s t its production is increas$ by highly azotiz$ food2 & f v>i\s exp]im5ts made1 a /rik+ correspond5ce has be5 f\nd to exi/ betwe5 ! am\nt ( wool & ! am\nt ( nitrog5 9 food4 ,pease rank fir/ 9 increas+ ! wool1 & v high 9 ! av]age comp>ative increase :i* !y produce 9 all ! tissues4 ,! increase ( fat & muscle1 z ( wool1 dep5ds ^u ! nature ( ! food4 ,x is n v common1 9 ! ,nor?1 = wool-gr[]s to fatt5 _! we!rs = m>ket by extra w9t] fe$+4 ,"s give !m a little m g5]\s keep ! w9t] be=e !y are to be turn$ (f1 & !n salt !m :5 !y h obta9$ _! maximum fatness ! succe$+ fall4 ,/all-fe$+ is lo/ on an ill-%ap$1 un?rifty animal4 ,! p]fection ( =m & heal?1 & ! uni=m good condition :i* *>act]izes ! ?rifty "o1 indicate1 too pla9ly to be misund]/ood1 ^? :i* w be/ repay ! c>e ( _! own]4 ,! selection ( any indiff]5t animal = /all-fatt5+ w inevitably be att5d$ ) loss4 ,su* ought to be got rid (1 :5 fir/ br\ght f ! pa/ure1 = ! wool !y w br+4 ,:5 w9t] fatt5+ is attempt$1 %eep require w>m1 dry %elt]s1 & %\ld receive1 9 addition to all ! hay !y w eat1 meal twice a day 9 tr\ghs--or meal once & *opp$ roots once4 ,! equival5t ( f half a p9t to a p9t ( yell[ corn meal p] head ea* day is ab\t z mu* z ord9>y /ocks ( ,m]9o we!rs w pr(itably consume2 ?\gh 9 select$ flocks1 consi/+ ( l>ge animals1 ?is am\nt is frequ5tly exce$$4 ,,y>ds4 ,exp]i5ce has amply demon/rat$ t--9 ! climate ( ! ,nor!rn & ,ea/]n ,/ates1 :]e no grass gr[s f f\r to f\r & a half mon?s 9 ! w9t]1 & :]e1 !re=e1 all t c be obta9$ f ! gr\nd is ! repeat$ly froz51 unnutriti\s h]bage left 9 ! fall--x is bett] to keep %eep conf9$ 9 y>ds1 except+ :]e ! gr\nd is cov]$ ) sn[4 ,if suff]$ to roam ov] ! fields at o!r times1 !y get en\gh grass to take away _! appetite = dry hay1 b n en\gh to su/a9 !m2 !y fall away1 & t[>d spr+ !y become weak1 & a l>ge proportion ( !m frequ5tly p]i%4 ,flocks ( "s size are "h1 ( c\rse1 allud$ to1 & on prop]ly /ock$ f>ms4 ,a few %eep w\ld d bett] ) a b\ndless range4 ,"s let out _! %eep occasionally = a s+le day1 dur+ a ?aw2 o!rs keep !m entirely f ! gr\nd until let out to grass 9 ! spr+4 ,! =m] c\rse is pref]able :]e ! %eep ord9>ily get no?+ b dry fodd]4 ,x af=ds a heal?y laxative1 & a s+le day's graz+ w n take (f _! appetite f m ?an "o succe$+ dry fe$4 ,x is necess>y1 9 ! ,nor?1 to keep %eep 9 ! y>ds until ! fe$ has got a good />t 9 ! spr+1 or !y w get (f f _! fe$--p>ticul>ly ! bre$+ ewes--& get weak at ! mo/ critical "t = !m 9 ! ye>4 ,y>ds %\ld be firm-bottom$1 dry1 &1 9 ! nor!rn climate1 kept well litt]$ ) /raw4 ,! y>d+ sy/em is n practis$ to any great ext5t 9 ! ,s\?2 nor %\ld x be1 :]e %eep c get _! liv+ f ! fields4 ,,fe$+-,,racks4 ,:5 ! gr\nd is froz51 & especially :5 cov]$ ) sn[1 ! %eep eats hay well on ! gr\nd2 b :5 ! l& is s(t1 muddy1 or f\l ) manure1 !y w sc>cely t\* hay plac$ on x--or1 if !y d1 w tread mu* ( x into ! mud1 9 _! re/lessness :ile fe$+4 ,x %\ld !n be f$ 9 racks1 :i* are m economical1 ev5 9 ! fir/-nam$ case2 s9ce1 :5 ! hay is f$ on ! gr\nd1 ! leaves & se$s1 ! mo/ valuable "p ( ! fodd]1 are almo/ :olly lo/4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,conv5i5t ,,box-,,rack4 ,to make an economical box-rack--! "o 9 mo/ g5]al use 9 ! ,nor?--take six light pieces ( scantl+1 say ?ree in*es squ>e1 "o = ea* corn]1 & "o = ! c5tre ( ea* side4 ,bo>ds ( p9e or hemlock1 twelve or fifte5 feet long1 & twelve or f\rte5 in*es wide1 may !n be nail$ on to ! bottom ( ! po/s = ! sides1 :i* are sep>at$ by simil> bo>ds at ! ends1 two & a half feet long4 ,bo>ds twelve in*es wide1 rais$ above ! l[] ones by a space ( f n9e to twelve in*es1 are nail$ on ! sides & ends1 :i* completes ! rack4 ,! edges ( ! op5+ %\ld be made p]fectly smoo?1 to prev5t *af+ or te>+ out ! wool4 ,! l>ge/ dim5sions giv5 are suitable = ! l>ge bre$s1 & ! smalle/ = ! ,saxon2 & /ill small] are prop] = ! lambs4 ,^! %\ld be set on dry gr\nd1 or "u ! %$s2 & !y c be easily remov$ :]ev] necess>y4 ,unless ov]-f$1 %eep wa/e v little hay 9 !m4 ,"s pref] ! racks made ) slats1 or smoo?1 upright /icks1 9 ! =m ( ! common horse-rack4 ,?is k9d %\ld always be accompani$ by a broad tr\gh affix$ to ! bottom1 to cat* ! f9e hay :i* falls 9 fe$+4 ,^! racks may be atta*$ to ! side ( a build+1 or us$ d\ble4 ,a small lamb requires fifte5 in*es ( space1 & a l>ge %eep two feet1 = quiet1 com=table fe$+2 & ?is am\nt ( room1 at lea/1 %\ld be provid$ ar\nd ! racks = e %eep4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,hole-,,rack4 ,) :at is t]m$ a hole-rack1 %eep d n cr[d & take advantage ( ea* o!r s mu* z ) log-racks2 b !y are too heavy & unnecess>ily exp5sive = a common out-door rack4 ,?is rack is box-%ap$1 ) ! front =m$ ( a bo>d nail$ on horizontally1 or1 m commonly1 by nail+ ! bo>ds p]p5dicul>ly1 ! bottoms on ! sill ( a b>n1 & ! tops to horizontal pieces ( timb]4 ,! holes %\ld be at lea/ eight in*es wide1 n9e in*es high1 & eighte5 in*es f c5tre to c5tre4 ,9 ! ,s\?1 racks are n s necess>y = t con/ant use to :i* !y are put 9 cold] sections1 z !y are = depositories ( dry food1 = ! occasional visitation ( ! %eep4 ,9 s(t1 w>m wea!r1 :5 ! gr\nd is unfroz51 & any k9d ( gre5 h]bage is to be obta9$1 %eep w sc>cely t\* dry fodd]2 ?\gh ! little !y w !n eat w be highly s]viceable to !m4 ,b 9 a sudd5 freeze1 or on ! occurr5ce ( cold /orms1 !y w resort to ! racks1 & fill !mselves ) dry food4 ,!y anticipate ! com+ /orm by in/9ct1 & eat an extra quantity ( food to su/a9 ! animal heat dur+ ! succe$+ depression ( temp]ature4 ,!y %\ld always h racks ( dry fodd] = resort 9 su* em]g5cies4 ,^! racks %\ld h cov]s or ro(s to protect _! cont5ts f ra91 z o!rwise ! fe$ w\ld (t5 be spoil$ be=e b a small portion ( x w\ld be consum$4 ,hay or /raw1 saturat$ ) wat]1 or soak$ & dri$1 is only eat5 by ! %eep z a matt] ( absolute necessity4 ,! common box-rack w\ld answ] ! purpose v well by plac+ on ! top a triangul> cov] or ro(1 =m$ ( a c\ple ( bo>ds1 "o hung at ! upp] edge ) iron or lea!r h+es1 s t x c\ld be lift$ up l a lid2 mak+ ! ends tight2 draw+ 9 ! l[] edges ( ! sides1 s t x %\ld n be m ?an a foot wide on ! bottom2 ins]t+ a fl[2 & !n m\nt+ x on1 & mak+ x fa/ to1 two cross-sills1 f\r or five in*es squ>e1 to keep ! floor (f f ! gr\nd1 & long en\gh to prev5t x f be+ easily ov]turn$4 ,! l[] side-bo>d %\ld be n>r[1 on acc\nt ( ! increas$ height giv5 its upp] edge by ! sills4 ,a rack ( ! same con/ruction1 ) ! sides l ^? describ$ = ! hole-rack1 w\ld be /ill bett]1 ?\gh some:at m exp5sive2 or ! sides might consi/ ( rundles1 ! top be+ nail$ d[n 9 ei!r case1 & ! fodd] ins]t$ by little doors 9 ! ends4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,hopp]-,,rack4 ,:at is t]m$ ! hopp]-rack1 s]v+ bo? = a rack & a fe$+-tr\gh1 is a favorite ) _m %eep-own]s4 ,! accompany+ cut repres5ts a section ( su* a rack4 ,a piece ( durable wood1 ab\t f\r & a half feet long1 six or eight in*es deep1 & f\r in*es ?ick1 hav+ two not*es1 a a1 cut into x1 & two tr\ghs1 made ( in* bo>ds1 b b b b1 plac$ 9 ^! not*es1 & nail$ fa/1 con/itute ! =mation4 ,if ! rack is to be f\rte5 feet long1 ?ree sills are requir$4 ,! ends ( ! rack are made by nail+ aga9/ ! side ( ! sill-bo>ds t rea* up z high z x is desir$ to h ! rack2 & nails driv5 ?r\gh ^! end-bo>ds into ! ends ( ! side-bo>ds1 f f1 secure !m4 ,! sides may be fur!r /r5g!n$ by pieces ( bo>d on ! outside ( !m1 fitt$ into ! tr\gh4 ,a ro( may be put ov] all1 if desir$1 by means ( :i* ! fodd] is kept entirely f ! wea!r1 & no se$s or *aff c get into ! wool4 ,,tr\ghs4 ,?re%$ gra91 *opp$ roots1 etc41 :5 f$ to %eep1 %\ld be plac$ 9 tr\ghs4 ,) ei!r ( ! racks :i* h be5 describ$1 except ! la/1 a sep>ate tr\gh w\ld be requir$4 ,! mo/ economical are made ( two bo>ds ( any conv5i5t l5g?1 t5 to twelve in*es wide4 ,nail ! l[] side ( "o ^u ! edge ( ! o!r1 fa/5+ bo? into a two or ?ree-in* plank1 fifte5 in*es long1 & a foot wide1 not*$ 9 its upp] edge 9 ! =m requir$4 ,9 sn[y sections !y are turn$ ov] aft] fe$+1 & :5 falls ( sn[ are anticipat$ "o end is laid on ! y>d-f5ce4 ,illu/ration3 ,,an ,,economical ,,%eep-,,tr\gh4 ,v>i\s contrivances h be5 br\ght to notice = keep+ gra9 :]e %eep c fe$ on x at w1 a description ( :i* is omitt$1 s9ce x is n ?\ght be/1 by ! mo/ successful /ock-rais]s1 9 fe$+ or fatt5+ any quadrup$s1 to all[ !m gra9 at w1 /at$ fe$s be+ pref]r$ by !m2 & ! same is true ( fodd]4 ,if ?is sy/em is dep>t$ f 9 us+ depository racks1 z recomm5d$1 x is because x is r5d]$ necess>y by ! circum/ances ( ! case4 ,a ,m]9o /ore-%eep1 all[$ z mu* gra9 z x *ose to consume1 w\ld be likely to inflict injury on itself2 & gra9 s f$ w\ld1 g5]ally speak+1 be productive ( m damage ?an b5efit4 ,,b>ns ,,& ,,%$s4 ,%elt]s1 9 nor!rn climates1 are indisp5sable to pr(itable %eep-rais+2 & 9 e latitude nor? ( ! ,gulf ( ,mexico1 !y w\ld probably be f\nd advantage\s4 ,an animal eats mu* less :5 ?us protect$2 he is m ?rifty1 less liable to disease1 & 8 manure is ri*] & m abundant4 ,! fe$+ may be done 9 ! op5 y>d 9 cle> wea!r1 & "u cov] 9 sev]e /orms3 =1 ev5 9 ! vigor\s climate ( ! ,nor?1 none b ! bre$]s ( ,saxons make a regul> practice ( fe$+ "u cov]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,%eep-,,b>n ,,) ,,%$s4 ,humanity & economy alike dictate t1 9 ! ,nor?1 %eep %\ld be provid$ ) %elt]s "u :i* to lie nights1 & to :i* !y c resort at w4 ,x is n an uncommon circum/ance 9 ,new ,york & ,new ,engl& = sn[ to fall to ! dep? ( f tw5ty to ?irty in*es )9 tw5ty-f\r or =ty-eight h\rs1 & !n to be succe$$ by a /rong & int5sely cold we/ or nor?we/ w9d ( sev]al days cont9uance1 :i* lifts ! sn[1 block+ up ! roads1 & pil+ huge drifts to ! leew>d ( f5ces1 b>ns1 etc4 ,a flock )\t %elt] w huddle closely toge!r1 turn+ _! backs to ! /orm1 con/antly /epp+1 & ?us tread+ d[n ! sn[ z x rises ab\t !m4 ,/rong1 close-coat$ %eep d n seem to suff] z mu* f ! cold1 = a p]iod1 z w\ld be expect$4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 almo/ impossible to fe$ !m en\gh1 or half en\gh1 "u su* circum/ances1 )\t an imm5se wa/e ( hay--entirely impossible1 inde$1 )\t racks4 ,! hay is :irl$ away 9 an in/ant by ! w9d2 &1 ev5 if racks are us$1 ! %eep1 leav+ _! huddle1 :]e !y 7 kept w>m & ev5 moi/ by ! melt+ sn[ 9 _! wool1 soon get *ill$1 & are dispos$ to return to _! huddle4 ,imp]fectly fill$ ) food1 ! supply ( animal heat is l[]$1 &1 at ! end ( ! second or ?ird day1 ! feeble ones s9k d[n hopelessly1 ! ye>l+s1 & ^? some:at old1 receive a %ock f :i* no?+ b ! mo/ c>eful nurs+ w enable !m to rally1 & ev5 ! /ronge/ suff] an injuri\s loss 9 condition4 ,few p]sons1 !re=e1 :o own z _m z =ty or fifty %eep1 attempt to get along )\t "s k9d ( %elt]s1 :i* are v>i\sly con/ruct$1 to suit _! ta/es or circum/ances4 ,a %eep-b>n1 built ^u a side-hill1 w af=d two floors3 "o und]nea?1 surr\nd$ by ?ree sides ( wall1 %\ld op5 to ! s\?1 ) slid+ or sw++ doors to gu>d aga9/ /orms2 & ano!r may be provid$ above1 if ! floors are p]fectly tight1 ) prop] gutt]s to c>ry (f ! ur9e2 & suffici5t /orage = ! fodd] c be furni%$ by scaffolds ov]head4 ,!y may also be con/ruct$ ) twelve or fifte5-feet po/s on level gr\nd1 all[+ ! %eep to occupy ! l[] "p1 ) ! fodd] /or$ above4 ,9 all cases1 h[ev]1 ?or\gh v5tilation %\ld be provid$2 = ( ! two evils1 ( exposure to cold or ( too great privation ( air1 ! =m] is to be pref]r$4 ,%eep _c long endure close conf9em5t )\t injury4 ,9 all ord9>y wea!r1 a %$1 closely bo>d$ on ?ree sides1 ) a light ro(1 is suffici5t protection2 especially if ! op5 side is %ield$ f bleak w9ds1 or leads into a well-inclos$ y>d4 ,if ! floors above are us$ = /orage1 !y %\ld be made tight1 t no hay1 *aff1 or du/ c fall ^u ! fleece4 ,! %$s atta*$ to ! b>n are n usually fram$ or sill$1 b are support$ by "s po/s ( durable timb] set 9 ! gr\nd4 ,! ro(s are =m$ ( bo>ds batt5$ ) slats4 ,! b>n has g5]ally no p>titions )91 & is entirely fill$ ) hay4 ,!re are _m situations 9 :i* op5 %$s are v liable to h sn[ drift$ "u !m by c]ta9 w9ds1 & !y are subject 9 all sev]e gales to h ! sn[ c>ri$ ov] !m to fall d[n 9 l>ge drifts 9 front1 :i* gradually encroa* on ! %elt]$ space1 & are v inconv5i5t1 p>ticul>ly :5 !y ?aw4 ,= ^! reasons1 _m pref] %eep-h\ses cov]$ on all sides1 ) ! exception ( a wide doorway = +ress & egress1 & "o or two w9d[s = ! necess>y v5tilation4 ,!y are conv5i5t = y>d+ %eep1 & ! v>i\s processes = :i* ?is is requir$2 z = %e>+1 m>k+1 sort+1 etc41 & especially s = lamb+-places1 or ! conf9em5t ( newly-%orn %eep 9 cold /orms4 ,!y %\ld h s mu* space t1 9 addition to ! outside racks1 o!rs c be plac$ tempor>ily ?r\gh ! middle :5 requir$4 ,! facts mu/ n be ov]look$--z be>+ ^u ! "q ( %elt]1 ev5 9 ! w>m] regions ( ! c\ntry--t cold ra9s1 or ra9s ( any temp]ature1 :5 imm$iately succe$$ by cold or freez+ wea!r1 or cold1 pi]c+ w9ds1 are m hurtful to %eep ?an ev5 sn[-/orms2 & t1 consequ5tly1 %eep mu/ be adequately gu>d$ aga9/ !m4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,%$ ,,( ,,rails4 ,,%$s4 ,! simple/ & *eape/ k9d ( %$ is =m$ by poles or rails1 ! upp] end re/+ on a /rong horizontal pole support$ by crot*$ po/s set 9 ! gr\nd4 ,x may be r5d]$ ra9-pro( by pea-v9es1 /raw1 or p9e b\ghs4 ,9 a region :]e timb] is v *eap1 planks or bo>ds1 ( a suffici5t ?ickness n to spr+ d[nw>d1 & ?us op5 ! ro(1 batt5$ ) slats1 may take ! place ( ! poles & b\ghs2 & !y w\ld make a tight] & m durable ro(4 ,if ! l[] ends ( ! bo>ds or poles are rais$ a c\ple ( feet f ! gr\nd1 by plac+ a log "u !m1 ! %$ w %elt] m %eep4 ,^! movable %$s may be connect$ ) hay-b>ns--hay-b>racks--or !y may surr\nd an inclos$ space ) a /ack 9 ! middle4 ,9 ! latt] case1 ! y>d %\ld be squ>e1 on acc\nt ( ! div]g5ce 9 ! l[] ends ( ! bo>ds or poles1 :i* a r\nd =m w\ld r5d] necess>y4 ,%$s ( ?is description are frequ5tly made betwe5 two /acks4 ,! end ( ! horizontal support+-pole is plac$ on ! /ack-p5s :5 ! /acks are built1 & ! middle is propp$ by crot*$ po/s4 ,! support+-pole may re/1 9 ! same way1 on ! upp] girts ( two hay-b>racks2 or two su* %$s1 at angles ) ea* o!r1 might =m w+s to ?is /ructure4 ,on all l>ge %eep-f>ms1 conv5i5ce requires t !re be "o b>n ( consid]able size1 to conta9 ! %e>+-floor1 & ! necess>y conv5i5ces ab\t x = y>d+ ! %eep1 etc4 ,?is %\ld also1 = ! sake ( economy1 be a hay-b>n1 :]e hay is us$4 ,x may be con/ruct$ 9 ! corn] ( f\r fields1 s t f\r hundr$ %eep c be f$ f x1 )\t rack+ flocks ( improp] size4 ,at ?is b>n x w\ld be exp$i5t to make ! be/ %elt]s1 & to br+ toge!r all ! bre$+-ewes on ! f>m1 if _! numb] does n exce$ f\r hundr$4 ,! %eph]d w\ld ?us be sav$ mu* travel at all times1 & p>ticul>ly at ! lamb+-"t1 & ea* flock w\ld be "u 8 almo/ con/ant sup]vision4 ,! size ( ?is b>n is a "q to be det]m9$ entirely by ! climate4 ,= l>ge flocks ( %eep1 ! /orage ( "s hay or o!r fodd] = w9t] is an indisp5sable precaution>y measure1 at lea/ 9 any "p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 &1 o!r ?+s be+ equal1 ! f>!r nor?1 or ! m elevat$ ! l&1 ! great] w\ld be ! am\nt necess>y to be /or$4 ,,hay-,,hold]4 ,:]e hay or o!r fodd] is ?r[n out ( ! upp] door ( a b>n into ! %eep-y>d--z x always mu/ necess>ily be 9 any m]e hay-b>n--or :]e x is ?r[n f a b>rack or /ack1 ! %eep imm$iately ru% on x1 trampl+ x & soil+ x1 & ! succe$+ =kfuls fall on _! backs1 fill+ _! wool ) du/1 se$1 & *aff4 ,?is is obviat$ by hay-hold]s--y>ds t5 feet squ>e--ei!r portable1 by be+ made ( po/s & bo>ds1 or simply a p5 ( rails1 plac$ "u ! doors ( ! b>ns1 & by ! sides ( ea* /ack or b>rack4 ,! hay is pit*$ into ?is hold] 9 fair wea!r1 en\gh = a day's fodd]+ at a "t1 & is tak5 f x by ! =k & plac$ 9 ! racks4 ,! poles or rails = /ack-p5s or hay-hold]s %\ld be s small z to entirely prev5t ! %eep f ins]t+ _! heads 9 !m aft] hay4 ,a %eep w (t5 ins]t 8 head :]e ! op5+ is wide en\gh = t purpose1 %ove x along1 or get cr[d$1 to :]e ! op5+ is n wide en\gh to )draw ! head1 & x w hang !re until obs]v$ & extricat$ by ! %eph]d4 ,if1 z (t5 happ5s1 x is ?us caught :5 its =ep>ts are elevat$ by climb+ up ! side ( ! p51 x w cont9ue to lose its foot+ 9 its /ruggles1 & w soon *oke to dea?4 ,,tagg+4 ,tagg+1 or clatt+1 is ! removal f ! %eep ( su* wool z is liable to get f\l$ :5 ! animal is turn$ on to ! fre% pa/ures4 ,if %eep are kept on dry fe$ ?r\gh ! w9t]1 !y w usually purge1 m or less1 :5 let out to gre5 fe$ 9 ! spr+4 ,! wool ar\nd & bel[ ! anus becomes saturat$ ) dung1 :i* =ms into h>d pellets1 if ! purg+ ceases4 ,:e!r ?is take place or n1 ! adh]+ dung _c be remov$ f ! wool 9 ! ord9>y process ( wa%+2 & x =ms a great imp$im5t 9 %e>+1 dull+ & /ra9+ ! %e>s to cut ?r\gh x1 :5 9 a dry /ate1 & x is (t5 impracticable s to d4 ,besides1 x is difficult to =ce ! %e>s betwe5 x & ! sk91 )\t frequ5tly & sev]ely w\nd+ ! latt]4 ,occasionally1 too1 flies deposit _! eggs "u ?is mass ( fil? prior to %e>+2 & ! ensu+ sw>m ( maggots1 unless spe$ily discov]$ & remov$1 w lead ! %eep to a mis]able dea?4 ,be=e ! animals are let out to grass1 ea* "o %\ld h ! wool %e>$ f ! roots ( ! tail d[n ! inside ( ! ?ighs2 x %\ld likewise be %e>$ f (f ! entire bag ( ! ewe1 t ! newly-dropp$ lamb may m readily f9d ! teat1 & f ! scrotum1 & s mu* space r\nd ! po9t ( ! %ea? ( ! ram z is usually kept wet4 ,if ! latt] place is neglect$1 sor5ess & ulc]ation sometimes ensue f ! con/ant mac]ation ( ! ur9e4 ,an assi/ant %\ld cat* ! %eep & hold !m :ile !y are tagg$4 ,! latt] process requires a good %e>]1 z ! wool mu/ be cut (f closely & smoo?ly1 or ! object is b half accompli%$1 & ! %eep w h an unsightly & ridicul\s appe>ance :5 ! rema9d] ( _! fleeces is tak5 (f2 :ile1 on ! o!r h&1 x is n only improp] to cut ! sk9 ( a %eep at any "t1 b x is peculi>ly s to cut t or ! bag ( a ewe :5 ne> lamb+4 ,! wool sav$ by tagg+ w f> m ?an pay ! exp5ses ( ! op]ation4 ,x answ]s well = /ock+s & o!r dome/ic purposes1 or x w sell = ne>ly half ! price ( fleece-wool4 ,c>e %\ld be ex]cis$ at all times 9 h&l+ %eep1 especially ewes heavy ) lamb4 ,x is highly injuri\s & unsafe to *ase !m ab\t & h&le !m r\ghly2 =1 ev5 if abortion1 ! wor/ consequ5ce ( su* treatm5t1 is avoid$1 !y become timid & %y ( be+ t\*$1 r5d]+ x difficult to cat* !m or r5d] !m assi/ance at ! lamb+ p]iod1 & ev5 a matt] ( difficulty to ent] ! cotes1 9 :i* x is sometimes necess>y to conf9e !m at t "t1 )\t hav+ !m driv+ ab\t pell-mell1 runn+ ov] _! lambs1 etc4 ,if a %eep is sudd5ly caught by ! wool on h] runn+1 or is lift$ by ! wool1 ! sk9 is to a c]ta9 ext5t loos5$ f ! body at ! po9ts :]e x is ?us seiz$2 &1 if kill$ a day or two aft]w>d1 blood w be f\nd settl$ ab\t ^? p>ts4 ,:5 %eep are to be h&l$1 !y %\ld be inclos$ 9 a y>d j l>ge en\gh to hold !m )\t _! be+ cr[d$1 s t !y %all h no *ance to run & da% ab\t4 ,! cat*] %\ld /op !m by seiz+ !m by ! h9d-leg j above ! hock1 or by clapp+ "o h& be=e ! neck & ! o!r beh9d ! buttocks4 ,!n1 n wait+ = ! %eep to make a viol5t /ruggle1 he %\ld ?r[ its "r arm ov] & ab\t imm$iately back ( ! %\ld]s1 place 8 h& on ! brisket1 & lift ! animal on 8 hip4 ,if ! %eep is v heavy1 he c ?r[ bo? arms ar\nd x1 clasp 8 f+]s "u ! brisket1 & lift x up aga9/ ! front "p ( 8 body4 ,he %\ld !n set x c>efully on its rump ^u ! tagg+-table1 :i* %\ld be eighte5 or tw5ty in*es high1 support its back ) 8 legs1 & hold x g5tly & conv5i5tly until ! tagg] has p]=m$ 8 duty4 ,two m5 %\ld n be all[$ to lift ! same %eep toge!r1 z x w be pretty sure to receive "s /ra9 betwe5 !m4 ,a good %e>] & assi/ant w tag two hundr$ %eep p] day4 ,:5 %eep receive gre5 fe$ all ! ye> r\nd--z !y d 9 _m p>ts ( ! ,s\?--& no purg+ ensues f eat+ ! newly-/>t+ grasses 9 ! spr+1 tagg+ is unnecess>y4 ,,wa%+4 ,_m judici\s f>m]s object to wa%+ %eep1 on acc\nt ( its t5d5cy to produce colds & cat>rhal affections1 to :i* ?is animal is p>ticul>ly subject2 b x _c well be disp5s$ )1 z ! wool is always r5d]$ m salable2 & if ! op]ation is c>efully done1 x ne$ n be att5d$ ) injury4 ,mr4 ,r&all1 ! ext5sive %eep-bre$] ( ,texas1 /ates t he does n wa% 8 %eep at all1 = :at he deems good reasons4 ,ab\t ! middle ( ,april1 or at ! "t :5 "o-half ( ! ewes h "y lambs at _! sides1 & ! balance ab\t to drop1 w\ld be ! only "t 9 t region :5 he c\ld wa% !m4 ,at ?is p]iod he w\ld n race or worry 8 ewes at all1 on any acc\nt2 z !y %\ld be tr\bl$ z little z possible1 & no advantage to ! fleece f wa%+ c\ld comp5sate = ! injury to ! animal4 ,9 8 high m\nta9-region1 lamb+-"t c\ld n prud5tly come be=e ! latt] "p ( ,m>* or ,april--! v p]iod :5 wa%+ & %e>+ mu/ be comm5c$--s9ce 9 ,febru>y1 & ev5 up to ! fifte5? or tw5tie? ( ,m>*1 !re is mu* bad wea!r1 & a s+le cold1 ra9y or sleety nor!r w\ld c>ry (f "o-half ( ! lambs dropp$ dur+ its cont9uance4 ,9 mo/ ( t portion ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ly+ nor? ( =ty degrees1 ! wa%+ is p]=m$ f ! middle ( ,may till ! fir/ ( ,june1 accord+ to ! season & climate4 ,:5 ! /reams are h>d1 :i* is frequ5tly ! case 9 lime/one regions1 x is bett] to att5d to x imm$iately aft] an abundant ra91 :i* proportionately less5s ! lime d]iv$ f ! spr+s4 ,! climate ( ! ,s\!rn ,/ates w\ld admit ( an e>li] "t4 ,! rule %\ld be to wait until ! wat] has acquir$ suffici5t w>m? = ba?+1 & until cold ra9s & /orms & cold nights are no long] to be expect$4 ,! practice ( a l>ge majority ( f>m]s is to drive _! %eep to ! wat]+-gr\nd e>ly 9 ! morn+1 on a w>m day1 leav+ ! lambs beh9d4 ,! %eep are conf9$ on ! bank ( ! /ream by a tempor>y enclosure1 f :i* !y are tak51 &1 if n too heavy1 c>ri$ into wat] suffici5tly deep to prev5t _! t\*+ bottom4 ,!y are !n wa%$1 by g5tly squeez+ ! fleece ) ! h&s1 aft] :i* !y are l$ a%ore1 & z mu* ( ! wat] press$ out z possible be=e lett+ !m g1 z ! great weight reta9$ 9 ! wool frequ5tly /agg]s & ?r[s !m d[n4 ,by ! be/ flock-ma/]s1 %eep are usually wa%$ 9 vats4 ,a small /ream is damm$ up1 & ! wat] tak5 f x 9 an aqu$uct1 =m$ by nail+ bo>ds toge!r1 & c>ri$ till a suffici5t fall is obta9$ to h x p\r d[n a c\ple ( feet or m into ! vat4 ,! body ( wat]1 to d ! "w fa/ & well1 %\ld be "s tw5ty-f\r in*es wide1 & five or six deep2 & ! swift] ! curr5t ! bett]4 ,! vat %\ld be "s ?ree & a half feet deep1 & l>ge en\gh = f\r %eep to swim 9 x4 ,a y>d is built ne> ! vat1 f ! gate ( :i* a plat=m ext5ds to & incloses ! vat on ?ree sides4 ,?is keeps ! wa%] f /&+ 9 ! wat]1 & makes x mu* easi] to lift ! %eep 9 & out4 ,! y>d is built opposite ! corn]s ( two fields--to take advantage ( ! angle ( "o ( !m to drive ! %eep m readily into ! y>d1 :i* %\ld be l>ge en\gh to conta9 ! entire flock1 if x does n exce$ two hundr$2 & ! bottom ( x1 z well z ! small] y>d1 unless well sodd$ ov]1 %\ld be cov]$ ) co>se gravel1 to avoid becom+ muddy4 ,if ! same e/abli%m5t is us$ by a numb] ( flock-ma/]s1 gravell+ w always be necess>y4 ,illu/ration3 ,,wa%+ ,,app>atus4 ,z soon z ! flocks are conf9$ 9 ! middle y>d1 ! lambs are all imm$iately caught out f among !m1 & set ov] ! f5ce into ! y>d to ! left1 to prev5t _! be+ trampl$ d[n1 z (t5 happ5s1 by ! old %eep1 or /ray+ (f1 if let loose4 ,z _m %eep are !n driv5 out ( ! middle y>d into ! small] y>d to ! "r1 z x w conv5i5tly hold4 ,a boy /&s by ! gate next to ! vat1 to op5 & %ut x1 or ! gate is drawn toge!r ) a *a9 & weight1 & two m51 cat*+ ! %eep z direct$ "u ! head ( tagg+1 comm5ce plac+ !m 9 ! wat] = ! prep>atory process ( wett+4 ,z soon z ! wat] /rikes ?r\gh ! wool1 :i* occupies b an in/ant1 ! %eep is lift$ out & let loose4 ,:]e !re are conv5i5ces = s do+1 ?is process may be m readily p]=m$ by driv+ !m ?r\gh a /ream deep en\gh to compel ! %eep to swim2 b swimm+ ! compact-fleec$1 f9e-wooll$ %eep = any l5g? ( "t--z is practis$ ) ! long-wools 9 ,engl&--w n prop]ly cleanse ! wool = /eam+4 ,! vat %\ld1 ( c\rse1 be 9 an inclos$ field1 to prev5t _! escape4 ,! :ole flock %\ld ?us be pass$ ov]1 & aga9 driv5 r\nd ?r\gh ! field into ! middle y>d1 :]e !y %\ld /& = ab\t an h\r be=e wa%+ comm5ces4 ,!re is a l>ge p] c5tage ( pota% 9 ! wool oil1 :i* acts ^u ! dirt indep5d5t ( ! favorable effect :i* w\ld result f ?us soak+ x ) wat] alone = "s "t4 ,if wa%$ soon aft] a good %[]1 previ\s wett+ might be disp5s$ )2 & x is n1 p]haps1 absolutely necess>y 9 any case4 ,if ! wat] is w>m en\gh to all[ ! %eep to rema9 9 x = ! requisite p]iod1 !y may be got clean by wa%+ )\t any previ\s wett+2 ?\gh ! sn[y :it5ess ( fleece1 :i* has su* an influ5ce on ! pur*as]1 is n s (t5 nor s p]fectly atta9$ 9 ! latt] way4 ,b little "t is sav$ by disp5s+ ) wett+1 z x takes proportionably long] to wa%1 & x is n s well = ! %eep to be kept s long 9 ! wat] at once4 ,:5 ! wa%+ comm5ces1 two & sometimes f\r %eep are plung$ 9 ! vat4 ,:5 f\r are put 91 two soak :ile two are wa%$4 ,?is %\ld n1 h[ev]1 be done1 unless ! wat] is v w>m1 & ! wa%]s are uncommonly quick & exp]t2 & x is1 ^u ! :ole1 r an objectionable practice1 s9ce few animals suff] s mu* f ! effects ( a *ill z ! %eep2 &1 if !y h be5 previ\sly wett$1 x is :olly unnecess>y4 ,:5 ! %eep are 9 ! wat]1 ! two wa%]s comm5ce knead+ ! wool ) _! h&s ab\t ! dirti] p>ts--! bree*1 belly1 etc4--& !y cont9ue to turn ! %eep s t ! desc5d+ curr5t ( wat] c /rike into all p>ts ( ! fleece4 ,z soon z ! %eep are clean1 :i* may be kn[n by ! wat] runn+ entirely cle>1 ea* wa%] seizes 8 own animal by ! =ep>ts1 plunges x deep 9 ! vats1 &1 tak+ advantage ( ! reb\nd1 lifts x out1 sett+ x g5tly d[n on its bree* ^u ! plat=m4 ,he !n--if ! %eep is old & weak1 & x is well 9 all cases--presses out "s ( ! wat] f ! wool1 & aft] submitt+ ! %eep to a process pres5tly to be m5tion$1 lets x g4 ,!re %\ld be no mud ab\t ! vat1 ! e>? n cov]$ ) sod1 be+ gravell$4 ,%eep %\ld be kept on clean pa/ures1 f wa%+ to %e>+--n :]e !y c come 9 contact ) ! gr\nd1 burnt logs1 & ! l--& !y %\ld n be driv5 ov] du/y roads4 ,! wa%]s %\ld be /rong & capable m51 &1 protect$ z !y are f any ?+ b ! wat] runn+ ov] ! sides ( ! vat1 !y c labor sev]al h\rs )\t inconv5i5ce4 ,two hundr$ %eep w employ two exp]i5c$ m5 n ov] half a day1 & ?is rate is at times mu* exce$$4 ,x is a great object1 n only z a matt] ( propriety & hone/y1 b ev5 z an item ( pr(it1 to get ! wool clean1 & ( a sn[y :it5ess1 9 :i* condition x w always sell = m ?an en\gh extra to (fset ! increas$ labor & ! dim9ution 9 weight4 ,! av]age loss 9 ,am]ican ,saxon wool 9 sc\r+1 aft] be+ wa%$ on ! back1 is e/imat$ at ?irty-six p] c5t42 & 9 ,am]ican ,m]9o =ty-two & a half p] c5t4 ,,cutt+ ,,! ,,ho(s4 ,z ! ho(s ( f9e-wooll$ %eep gr[ rapidly1 turn+ up 9 front & "u at ! sides1 !y mu/ be clipp$ z (t5 z once a ye>1 or !y become unsightly1 give an awkw>d1 hobbl+ gait to ! animal1 & ! "p ( ! horn :i* turns "u at ! sides holds dirt or dung 9 con/ant contact ) ! soles1 & ev5 prev5ts x f be+ readily %ak5 or wa%$ out ( ! cleft ( ! foot 9 ! natural movem5t ( ! %eep ab\t ! pa/ures1 z w\ld take place 7 ! ho( 9 its prop] place4 ,?is greatly aggravates ! ho(-ail1 & r5d]s ! cur+ ( x m difficult2 & x is ?\ght by _m to be ! excit+ cause ( ! disease4 ,x is cu/om>y to clip ! ho(s at tagg+1 or at or soon aft] ! "t ( %e>+4 ,"s employ a *isel & mallet to %ort5 ! ho(s2 b ! animal mu/ aft]w>d be turn$ ^u its back1 to p>e (f ! cru/ :i* projects & turns "u4 ,if ! wea!r be dry1 or ! %eep h /ood = "s "t on dry /raw1 z at %e>+1 ! ho(s are z t\gh z horn1 & are cut ) great difficulty2 & ?is is increas$ by ! grit & dirt adh]+ to ! sole1 :i* imm$iately takes ! edge (f f ! knife4 ,^! p]iods are ill-*os51 & ! me?od sl[ & bungl+4 ,x is p>ticul>ly improp] to submit heavily-pregnant ewes to all ?is unnecess>y h&l+ at ! "t ( tagg+4 ,:5 ! %eep is wa%$ & lift$ out ( ! vat1 & plac$ on its rump ^u ! plat=m1 ! gate-keep] %\ld advance ) a pair ( toe-nipp]s1 & ! wa%] pres5t ea* foot sep>ately1 press+ ! toes toge!r s t !y c be sev]$ at a s+le clip4 ,! nipp]s--:i* c be made by any blacksmi? :o c temp] an axe or a *isel--mu/ be made /rong1 ) h&les a little m ?an a foot long1 ! rivet be+ ( half-in* iron1 & conf9$ ) a nut1 s t !y may be tak5 ap>t = %>p5+4 ,! cutt+-edge %\ld desc5d ^u a /rip ( copp] ins]t$ 9 ! iron1 to prev5t x f be+ dull$4 ,) ?is p[]ful in/rum5t1 ! l>ge/ ho(s are sev]$ by a mod]ate compression ( ! h&4 ,two well-%>p5$ knives1 :i* %\ld be kept 9 a /& or box )9 rea*1 are !n grasp$ by ! wa%] & assi/ant1 & ) two dext]\s /rokes to ea* foot1 ! side-cru/1 be+ free f dirt1 & soak$ almo/ z s(t z a cucumb]1 is r$uc$ to ! level ( ! sole4 ,two exp]t m5 w g ?r\gh ^! processes 9 a v %ort space ( "t4 ,! clos] ! p>+ & clipp+ ! bett]1 if blood be n drawn4 ,an occasional %eep may require clipp+ aga9 9 ! fall4 ,illu/ration3 ,,toe-,,nipp]s4 ,,%e>+4 ,! "t :i* %\ld elapse betwe5 wa%+ & %e>+ dep5ds altoge!r on circum/ances4 ,f f\r to six days ( bright1 w>m wea!r is suffici5t2 if cold1 or ra9y1 or cl\dy1 m "t mu/ int]v5e4 ,sometimes ! wool rema9s 9 a condition unfit = %e>+ = a =tnight aft] wa%+4 ,! rule to be obs]v$ is1 t ! wat] %\ld be ?or\ghly dri$ out1 & ! natural oil ( ! wool %\ld s f> exude z to give ! wool an uncti\s feel+1 & a lively1 glitt]+ look4 ,if x is %e>$ :5 dry1 l cotton1 & be=e ! oil has exud$1 x is v difficult to ?ru/ ! %e>s ?r\gh1 ! um] is *eck$1 & ! wool w n keep s well = long p]iods4 ,if x is left until x gets too oily1 ei!r ! manufactur] is *eat$1 or1 :at m frequ5tly happ5s1 ! own] loses on ! price4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fleece4 ,%e>+1 9 ?is c\ntry1 is always done on ! ?re%+-floors ( ! b>ns--sometimes ^u l[ plat=ms1 "s eighte5 or tw5ty in*es high1 b m commonly on ! floor itself4 ,! place :]e ! %eep rema9 %\ld be well litt]$ d[n ) /raw1 & fre% /raw ?r[n on occasionally1 to keep ! %eep clean :ile %e>+4 ,no *aff or o!r sub/ance :i* w /ick 9 ! wool %\ld be us$ = ?is purpose4 ,! %e>+ %\ld n comm5ce until ! dew1 if any1 has dri$ (f f ! %eep4 ,all loose /raws /ick+ to ! wool %\ld be pick$ (f1 & :atev] dung may adh]e to any ( ! feet bru%$ (f4 ,! floor or tables us$ %\ld be plan$ or worn p]fectly smoo?1 s t !y w n hold dirt1 or cat* ! wool4 ,!y %\ld all be ?or\ghly clean$1 &1 if necess>y1 wa%$1 prep>atory to ! process4 ,if !re are any %eep 9 ! p5 dirty f purg+1 or o!r causes1 !y %\ld fir/ be caught out1 to prev5t !m f contam9at+ o!rs4 ,! mann] ( %e>+ v>ies ) almo/ e di/rict2 & x is difficult1 if n impossible1 to give intelligible practical in/ructions1 :i* w\ld guide an entire novice 9 skilfully %e>+ a %eep4 ,practice is requisite4 ,! foll[+ directions are z pla91 p]haps1 z c be made3 ,! %e>] may place ! %eep on t "p ( ! floor assign$ to him1 re/+ on its rump1 & himself 9 a po/ure ) 8 "r knee on a cu%ion1 & ! back ( ! animal re/+ aga9/ 8 left ?igh4 ,he grasps ! %e>s ab\t half-way f ! po9t to ! b[1 re/+ 8 ?umb along ! blades1 :i* gives him bett] comm& ( ! po9ts4 ,he may !n comm5ce cutt+ ! wool at ! brisket1 &1 proce$+ d[nw>d1 all ^u ! sides ( ! belly to ! extremity ( ! ribs1 ! ext]nal sides ( bo? sides to ! edges ( ! flanks2 !n back to ! brisket1 & !nce upw>d1 %e>+ ! wool f ! brea/1 front1 & bo? sides ( ! neck1 b n yet ! back ( x1 & also ! poll1 or =ep>t1 & top ( ! head4 ,!n ! jacket is op5$ ( ! %eep1 & its position1 z well z t ( ! %e>]1 is *ang$ by ! animal's be+ turn$ flat ^u its side1 "o knee ( ! %e>] re/+ on ! cu%ion1 & ! o!r g5tly press+ ! =e-qu>t] ( ! animal1 to prev5t any /ruggl+4 ,he !n resumes cutt+ ^u ! flank & rump1 & !nce onw>d to ! head4 ,?us "o side is complete4 ,! %eep is !n turn$ on ! o!r side--9 do+ :i* great c>e is requisite to prev5t ! fleeces be+ torn--& ! %e>] proce$s z ^u ! o!r1 :i* f9i%es4 ,he mu/ !n take ! %eep ne> to ! door ?r\gh :i* x is to pass out1 & neatly trim ! legs1 leav+ n a solit>y lock any:]e z a lodg+-place = ticks4 ,x is absolutely necess>y = him to remove f 8 /& to trim1 o!rwise ! useless /uff f ! legs becomes int]m+l$ ) ! fleece-wool4 ,9 ! use ( ! %e>s1 ! blades %\ld be laid z flat to ! sk9 z possible1 ! po9ts n l[]$ too mu*1 nor %\ld m ?an f "o to two in*es be cut at a clip1 & frequ5tly n s mu*1 dep5d+ on ! "p1 & ! compactness ( ! wool4 ,! wool %\ld be cut (f z close z conv5i5tly practicable1 & ev54 ,x may1 inde$1 be cut too close1 s t ! %eep c sc>cely avoid sun-scald2 b ?is is v unusual4 ,if ! wool is left 9 ridges1 & unev51 x betrays a want ( workman%ip v di/a/eful to ! really good f>m]4 ,great c>e %\ld be tak5 n to cut ! wool twice 9 two1 z inexp]i5c$ %e>]s are apt to d1 s9ce x is a great damage to ! wool4 ,?is results f cutt+ too f> f ! po9ts ( ! %e>s1 & suff]+ !m to get too elevat$4 ,9 su* cases1 e "t ! %e>s are pu%$ =w>d1 ! wool be=e1 cut (f by ! po9ts1 say a qu>t] or ?ree-eigh?s ( an in* f ! hide1 is aga9 sev]$4 ,to keep ! fleece entire1 :i* is ( great importance to its good appe>ance :5 done up1 &1 !re=e1 to its salabl5ess1 x is v ess5tial t ! %eep be held easily = itself1 s t x w n /ruggle viol5tly4 ,no man c hold x /ill by ma9 /r5g?1 & %e> x well4 ,! po/ure ( ! %e>] %\ld be su* t ! %eep is actually conf9$ to its position1 s t x is unable to />t up sudd5ly & te> its fleece2 b x %\ld n be conf9$ !re by sev]e pressure or =ce1 or x w be cont9ually kick+ & /ruggl+4 ,clumsy1 c>eless m51 !re=e1 always compla9 ( gett+ ! mo/ tr\blesome %eep4 ,! neck1 = example1 may be conf9$ to ! floor by plac+ x betwe5 ! toe & knee ( ! leg on :i* ! %e>] kneels2 b ! lazy or brutal %e>] :o suff]s 8 leg to re/ directly on ! neck1 soon provokes t /ruggle :i* ! animal is oblig$ to make to free itself f sev]e pa91 & ev51 p]haps1 to draw its brea?4 ,good %e>]s w %e>1 on ! av]age1 tw5ty-five ,m]9os p] day2 b a new beg9n] %\ld n attempt to exce$ f "o-?ird to "o-half ( t numb]4 ,x is ! la/ process 9 ! _w :i* %\ld be hurri$1 z ! %e>] w1 9 t case1 soon leave m ?an en\gh wool on 8 %eep to pay = 8 day's wages4 ,wool ought n to be %e>$1 & mu/ n be done up ) any wat] 9 x4 ,if w\nds are made1 z sometimes happ5s ) unskilful op]ators1 a mixture ( t> & grease ought to be appli$4 ,%e>+ lambs is1 9 ! ,nor!rn climate1 at lea/1 an unpr(itable practice2 s9ce ! lamb1 at a ye> old1 w give ! same am\nt ( wool1 & x is ?us /ripp$ ( its natural protection f cold :5 x is "y & t5d]1 = ! m]e pittance ( ! int]e/ on a p\nd1 or a p\nd & a half ( wool = six mon?s1 n m ?an two or ?ree c5ts1 & ?is all consum$ by ! exp5se ( %e>+4 ,mu* ! same may be said ( ! cu/om1 :i* obta9s 9 "s places1 ( %e>+ f %eep twice a ye>4 ,!re may be a reason = x1 :]e !y receive s little c>e t a portion are expect$ to disappe> e half ye>1 & ! wool to be torn f ! backs ( ! rema9d] by bu%es1 ?orns1 etc41 if left = a long p]iod2 b :5 %eep are inclos$1 & treat$ z dome/ic animals1 al?\gh !re may be less b>b>ity 9 %e>+ !m 9 ! fall also1 ?an 9 ! case ( ! t5d] lambs1 !re is no gr\nd = x on ! score ( utility2 s9ce any ga9 accru+ f x _c pay ! additional exp5se :i* x occasions4 ,,cold ,,/orms occurr+ soon aft] %e>+ sometimes de/roy %eep1 9 ! nor!rn portions ( ! c\ntry1 especially ! delicate ,saxons2 =ty or fifty ( :i* h1 at times1 p]i%$ out ( a s+le flock1 f "o night's exposure4 ,%eep1 9 su* cases1 %\ld be h\s$2 or1 :]e ?is is impracticable1 driv5 into d5se =e/s4 ,,sun-,,scald4 ,:5 !y are %e>$ close 9 v hot wea!r1 h no %ade 9 _! pa/ures1 & especially :]e !y are driv5 imm$iately consid]able di/ances1 or rapidly1 ov] burn+ & du/y roads1 _! backs are sometimes s scor*$ by ! sun t _! wool comes (f4 ,if let alone1 ! matt] is n a s]i\s "o2 b ! application ( refuse l>d to ! back w ha/5 ! cure1 & ! />t+ ( ! wool4 ,,ticks4 ,^! v]m91 :5 v num]\s1 greatly annoy & enfeeble ! %eep 9 w9t]1 & %\ld be kept entirely out ( ! flock4 ,aft] %e>+1 ! heat & cold1 ! rubb+ & bit+ ( ! %eep1 soon drive (f ! tick1 & x takes refuge 9 ! wool ( ! lamb4 ,let a =tnight elapse aft] %e>+1 to all[ all to make ?is *ange ( resid5ce4 ,!n boil refuse tobacco leaves until ! decoction is /rong en\gh to kill ticks beyond a p]adv5ture1 :i* may be asc]ta9$ by exp]im5t4 ,five or six p\nds ( *eap plug tobacco1 or an equival5t 9 /ems1 & ! l1 may be made to answ] = a hundr$ lambs4 ,?is decoction is p\r$ into a deep1 n>r[ box1 kept = ! purpose1 :i* has an incl9$ %elf on "o side1 cov]$ ) a wood5 grate4 ,"o man holds ! lamb by its h9d legs1 :ile ano!r clasps ! =e legs 9 "o h&1 & %uts ! o!r ab\t ! no/rils1 to prev5t ! liquid f ent]+ !m1 & !n ! animal is entirely imm]s$4 ,x is !n imm$iately lift$ out1 laid on "o side ^u ! grate1 & ! wat] squeez$ out ( its wool1 :5 x is turn$ ov] & squeez$ on ! o!r side4 ,! grate conducts ! fluid back into ! box4 ,if ! lambs are regul>ly dipp$ e ye>1 ticks w nev] tr\ble a flock4 ,,m>k+ ,,or ,,br&+4 ,! %eep %\ld be m>k$ soon aft] %e>+1 or mi/akes may occur4 ,e %eep-own] %\ld be provid$ ) a m>k+ in/rum5t1 :i* w /amp 8 initials1 or "s o!r di/9ctive m>k1 su* z a small circle1 an oval1 a triangle1 or a squ>e1 at a s+le /roke1 & ) uni=mity1 on ! %eep4 ,x is cu/om>y to h ! m>k cut out ( a plate ( ?9 iron1 ) an iron h&le t]m9at+ 9 wood2 b "o made by cutt+ a type1 or rais$ lett]1 or "*1 on ! end ( a /ick ( light wood1 su* z p9e or basswood1 is f\nd to be bett]4 ,if ! pigm5t us$ be ?91 & ! m>k] be ?ru/ into x a little too deeply1 z (t5 happ5s1 ! surplus w n run (f f ! wood1 z x does f a ?9 %eet ( iron1 to daub ! sides ( ! %eep1 & spoil ! appe>ance ( ! m>k2 &1 if ! pigm5t be appli$ hot1 ! =m] w n get heat$1 l ! latt]1 & increase ! dang] ( burn+ ! hide4 ,v>i\s pigm5ts are us$ = m>k+4 ,_m boil t> until x assumes a glaz$1 h>d consi/5cy :5 cold1 & give x a brilliant1 black color by /irr+ 9 a little lampblack dur+ ! boil+4 ,?is is appli$ :5 j cold en\gh n to burn ! %eep's hide1 & x =ms a bright1 conspicu\s m>k all ! ye> r\nd4 ,! manufactur]1 h[ev]1 pref]s ! sub/itution ( oil & turp5t9e = t>1 z ! latt] is cleans$ out ( ! wool ) "s difficulty4 ,x %\ld be boil$ 9 an iron vessel1 ) high sides1 to prev5t x f tak+ fire1 on a small furnace or *af+-di% ne> :i* x is to be us$4 ,:5 cool en\gh1 =ty or fifty %eep c be m>k$ be=e x gets too /iff4 ,x is !n w>m$ f "t to "t1 z necess>y1 on ! *af+-di%4 ,pa9t1 made ( lampblack1 to :i* a little spirits ( turp5t9e is fir/ add$1 & !n dilut$ ) l9se$ or l>d oil1 is also us$4 ,! rump is a bett] place to m>k ?an ! side1 s9ce x is !re ab\t z conspicu\s "u any circum/ances1 & m s :5 ! %eep are huddl$ 9 a p51 or runn+ away f "o4 ,besides1 %\ld any wool be injur$ by ! m>k1 t on ! rump is less valuable ?an t on ! side4 ,ewes are commonly di/+ui%$ f we!rs by m>k+ !m on diff]5t sides ( ! rump4 ,_m m>k ea* %eep z x is dis*>g$ f ! b>n by ! %e>]2 b x consumes mu* less "t to d x at a s+le job1 aft] ! %e>+ is complet$2 & x is necess>y to take ! latt] c\rse if a hot pigm5t is us$4 ,,maggots4 ,rams ) horns gr[+ closely to _! heads are v liable to h maggots g5]at$ "u !m1 p>ticul>ly if ! sk9 on ! surr\nd+ p>ts becomes brok5 by fight+2 & ^!1 unless remov$1 soon de/roy ! animal4 ,boil$ t>1 or ! m>k+ sub/ance fir/ describ$1 is bo? rem$y & prev5tive4 ,if x is put "u ! horns at ! "t ( m>k+1 no tr\ble w ev] arise f ?is cause4 ,sometimes :5 a %eep sc\rs 9 w>m wea!r1 & clott$ dung adh]es ab\t ! anus1 maggots are g5]at$ "u x1 & ! %eep p]i%es mis]ably4 ,z a prev5tive1 ! dung %\ld be remov$2 z a rem$y1 ! dung & maggots %\ld be remov$--! latt] by t\*+ !m ) a little turp5t9e--& sulphur & grease aft]w>d appli$ to ! excoriat$ surface4 ,maggot-flies sometimes deposit _! eggs on ! backs ( ! long1 op5-wooll$ ,engli% %eep1 & ! maggots1 dur+ ! few days be=e !y assume ! pupa /ate1 s tease & irritate ! animal1 t fev] & dea? ensue4 ,t> & turp5t9e1 or butt] & sulphur1 sme>$ ov] ! p>ts1 are admirable prev5tives4 ,! ,m]9o & ,saxon are exempt f ^! attacks4 ,,%ort5+ ,,! ,,horns4 ,a convolution ( ! horn ( a ram sometimes s presses 9 ^u ! side ( ! head or neck t x is necess>y to %ave or rasp x away on ! "u side1 to prev5t ultimately fatal effects4 ,! po9t ( ! horn ( bo? ram & ewe bo? frequ5tly turn 9 s t !y w gr[ into ! fle%1 & sometimes into ! eye1 unless %ort5$4 ,! toe-nipp]s w (t5 suffice on ! ?9 extremity ( a horn2 if n1 a f9e saw mu/ be us$4 ,! m>k+-"t af=ds ! be/ opportunity = att5d+ to ?is op]ation4 ,,selection ,,& ,,division4 ,! necessity ( annually we$+ ! flock1 by exclud+ all its memb]s fall+ bel[ a c]ta9 /&>d ( quality1 & ! po9ts :i* %\ld be reg>d$ 9 fix+ t /&>d1 h already be5 br\ght to notice 9 connection ) ! pr9ciples ( bre$+4 ,! "t ( %e>+ is by f> ! mo/ favorable p]iod = ! flock-ma/] to make 8 selection4 ,he %\ld be pres5t on ! %e>+-floor1 & inspect ! fleece ( e %eep z x is gradually tak5 (f2 s9ce1 if !re are faults ab\t x1 he w !n discov] x bett] ?an at any o!r "t4 ,a glance w likewise reveal to him e defect 9 =m1 previ\sly conceal$1 :olly1 or 9 "p1 by ! wool1 z soon z ! newly-%orn %eep is p]mitt$ to /& up on its feet4 ,a rem>kably *oice ewe is frequ5tly reta9$ until %e dies ( old age2 a r poor nurse or bre$] is exclud$ = ! slighte/ fault1 & s on4 ,:atev] animals are to be exclud$1 may be m>k$ on ! %\ld] ) ,v5etian r$ & hog's l>d1 conv5i5tly appli$ ) a bru% or cob4 ,su* ( ! we!rs z h atta9$ _! prime1 & ^? ewes t h pass$ x1 %\ld be provid$ ) ! be/ fe$1 & fitt$ = ! but*]4 ,if !y h be5 prop]ly pu%$ on grass1 !y w be 9 good fle% by ! "t !y are tak5 f x2 &1 if n int5d$ = /all-fe$+1 ! soon] !y are !n dispos$ ( ! bett]4 ,^? divisions1 also1 9 l>ge flocks1 :i* utility dem&s1 are g5]ally made at or soon aft] %e>+4 ,n m ?an two hundr$ %eep %\ld be all[$ to run toge!r 9 ! pa/ures2 al?\gh ! numb] might1 p]haps1 be safely increas$ to ?ree hundr$1 if ! range is ext5sive4 ,we!rs & dry ewes to be turn$ (f %\ld be kept sep>ate f ! nurs+-ewes2 & if ! flock is l>ge en\gh to require a ?ird division1 x is cu/om>y to put ! ye>l+ & two-ye>-old ewes & we!rs1 & ! old1 feeble %eep toge!r4 ,x is bett]1 9 all cases1 to sep>ate ! rams f all ! o!r %eep at ! "t ( %e>+1 & to inclose !m 9 a field :i* is p>ticul>ly well-f5c$4 ,if !y are put ev5 ) we!rs1 !y are m qu>relsome2 & :5 cool nights arrive1 w worry !mselves & wa/e _! fle% 9 con/ant ef=ts to ride ! we!rs4 ,! ,m]9o ram1 al?\gh a quiet animal comp>$ ) ! common-wooll$ "o1 w be tempt$ to jump1 by poor f5ces1 or f5ces half ! "t d[n2 & if he is once taught ?is trick1 he becomes v tr\blesome z ! rutt+ p]iod approa*es1 unless hoppl+1 yok+1 clogg+1 or pok+ is resort$ to1 ei!r ( :i* causes him to wa/e 8 /r5g?1 besides be+ ! occasion ( frequ5t accid5ts4 ,,! ,,crook4 ,?is conv5i5t implem5t = cat*+ %eep is ( ! =m repres5t$ 9 ! cut accompany+1 ( ?ree-eigh?s in* r\nd iron1 drawn small] t[>d ! po9t1 :i* is made safe by a knot4 ,! o!r end is furni%$ ) a socket1 :i* receives a h&le six or eight feet long4 ,illu/ration3 ,,%eph]d',s ,,crook4 ,9 us+ x1 ! h9d leg is hook$ 9 f beh9d ! %eep1 & x fills up ! n>r[ "p beyond t po9t1 :ile pass+ along x until x rea*es ! loop1 :5 ! animal is caught by ! hook1 & :5 secur$1 its foot easily slips ?r\gh ! loop4 ,"s caution is requir$ 9 its use2 =1 %\ld ! animal give a sudd5 />t =w>d to get away1 ! mom5t x feels ! crook1 ! leg w be drawn =cibly ?r\gh ! n>r[ "p1 & /rike ! bone ) su* viol5ce aga9/ ! b5d ( ! loop z to cause ! animal consid]able pa91 & ev5 occasion lam5ess = "s days4 ,on fir/ embrac+ ! leg1 ! crook %\ld be drawn quickly t[>d ! %eph]d1 s z to br+ ! b5d ( ! loop aga9/ ! leg z high up z ! hock1 be=e ! %eep has "t ev5 to break (f2 & be+ secure1 its /ruggles w cease ! mom5t ! h& seizes ! leg4 ,no %eph]d %\ld be )\t ?is implem5t1 z x saves mu* y>d+ & runn+1 & leads to a prompt exam9ation ( e improp] or suspici\s appe>ance1 & a seasonable application ( rem$y or prev5tive1 :i* w\ld (t5 be def]r$ if ! :ole flock _h to be driv5 to a di/ant y>d to effect ! cat*+ ( a s+le %eep4 ,dext]ity 9 its use is spe$ily acquir$ by any "o2 & if a flock are prop]ly tame1 any "o ( its numb] c be readily caught by x at salt+-"t1 or1 g5]ally1 at o!r times1 by a p]son ) :om ! flock are famili>4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 at ! lamb+-"t1 :5 %eep & lambs require to be s repeat$ly caught1 t ! crook is m p>ticul>ly s]viceable4 ,= ?is purpose1 at t "t alone1 x w pay = itself t5 times ov] 9 a s+le season1 9 sav+ "t1 to say no?+ ( ! advantage ( ! %eep4 ,,driv+ ,,& ,,slaught]+4 ,,driv+4 ,mutton c be gr[n *eap] ?an any o!r k9d ( meat4 ,x is fa/ becom+ bett] appreciat$2 &1 /range z x may seem1 good mutton br+s a high] price 9 our be/ m>kets ?an ! same quality does 9 ,engl&4 ,its sub/itution 9 a l>ge measure = pork w\ld contribute mat]ially to ! heal? ( ! community4 ,w9t] fatt5+ ( %eep may (t5 be made v pr(itable & des]ves great] att5tion1 especially :]e manure is an object2 & ! in/ances are few1 inde$1 :]e x is n4 ,9 ,engl&1 x is consid]$ good policy to fatt5 %eep1 if ! increase ( weight w pay = ! oil-cake or gra9 consum$2 ! manure be+ deem$ a fair equival5t = ! o!r food--t is1 z mu* /raw & turnips z !y w eat4 ,lean %eep !re usually comm& z high a price p] p\nd 9 ! fall z fatt$ ones 9 ! spr+2 :ile1 9 ?is c\ntry1 ! latt] usually be> a mu* high] price1 :i* gives ! fe$] a great advantage4 ,! diff]5ce may be be/ illu/rat$ by a simple calculation4 ,suppose a we!r ( a good mutton bre$1 weigh+ eighty p\nds 9 ! fall1 to co/ six c5ts p] p\nd1 am\nt+ to f\r doll>s & eighty c5ts1 & to require tw5ty p\nds ( hay p] week1 or its equival5t 9 o!r food1 & to ga9 a p\nd & a half ea* week2 ! ga9 9 weight 9 f\r mon?s w\ld be ab\t tw5ty-five p\nds1 :i*1 at six c5ts p] p\nd1 w\ld be "o doll> & fifty c5ts1 or less ?an t5 doll>s p] ton = ! hay consum$2 b if ! same %eep c\ld be b\ght 9 ! fall = ?ree c5ts p] p\nd1 & sold 9 ! spr+ = six c5ts1 ! ga9 w\ld am\nt to ?ree doll>s & n9ety c5ts1 or upw>ds ( tw5ty doll>s p] ton = ! hay--! manure be+ ! same 9 ei!r case4 ,= fatt5+1 x is well to pur*ase animals z l>ge & ?rifty1 & 9 z good condition z c be _h at fair prices2 & to fe$ lib]ally1 s z to secure ! mo/ rapid increase t c be _h )\t wa/e ( food4 ,! fatt5+ ( %eep by ! aid ( oil-cake1 or gra9 pur*as$ = ! purpose1 may (t5 be made a *eap] mode ( obta9+ manure ?an by ! pur*ase ( artificial f]tiliz]s1 z guano1 sup]-phosphate ( lime1 & ! l2 & x is altoge!r pref]able4 ,x is practis$ ext5sively & advantage\sly abroad1 & des]ves at lea/ a fair trial among u4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,%eph]d ,,& ,,8 ,,flock4 ,%eep :i* are to be driv5 to m>ket %\ld n beg9 _! j\rney ei!r :5 too full or too hungry2 9 ! =m] /ate1 !y are apt to purge :ile on ! road1 & 9 ! latt]1 !y w lose /r5g? at once4 ,! %eep select$ = m>ket %\ld be ^? 9 ! be/ condition at ! "t2 & to asc]ta9 ?is1 x is necess>y to exam9e ! :ole lot1 & sep>ate ! fatte/ f ! re/1 :i* is be/ done at ab\t mid-day1 be=e ! %eep fe$ aga9 9 ! aft]noon4 ,! select$ ones are plac$ 9 a field by !mselves1 :]e !y rema9 until ! "t = />t+4 ,if !re be r\gh pa/ure to give !m1 !y %\ld be all[$ to use x1 9 ord] to rid !mselves ( "s ( ! food :i* might be productive ( inconv5i5ce on ! j\rney4 ,if !re is no su* pa/ure1 a few cut turnips w answ]4 ,all _! ho(s %\ld be c>efully exam9$1 & e unnecess>y app5dage remov$1 ?\gh ! firm portion ( ! horn %\ld n be t\*$4 ,e clott$ piece ( wool %\ld also be remov$ ) ! %e>s1 & ! animals prop]ly m>k$4 ,be+ ?us prep>$1 !y %\ld h fe$ e>ly 9 ! morn+1 & be />t$1 9 ! cold season1 ab\t mid-day4 ,let !m walk quietly away2 & z ! road is new to !m1 !y w g too fa/ at fir/1 to prev5t :i*1 ! drov] %\ld g be=e !m1 & let 8 dog br+ up ! re>4 ,9 a %ort "t !y w assume ! prop] spe$--ab\t "o mile an h\r4 ,%\ld ! road !y travel be a gre5 "o1 !y w proce$ nibbl+ _! way onw>d at ! grass along bo? sides2 b if x is a n>r[ turnpike1 ! drov] w require all 8 att5tion 9 meet+ & be+ pass$ by v>i\s vehicles1 to avoid injury to 8 *>ge4 ,9 ?is "p ( _! bus9ess1 drov]s g5]ally make too mu* ado2 & ! consequ5ce is1 t ! %eep are driv5 m f side to side ( ! road ?an is requisite4 ,^u meet+ a c>riage1 x w\ld be mu* bett] = ! %eep1 7 ! drov] to g =w>d1 in/ead ( s5d+ 8 dog1 & po9t (f ) 8 /ick ! lead+ %eep to ! ne>e/ side ( ! road2 & ! re/ w foll[1 z a matt] ( c\rse1 :ile ! dog walks beh9d ! flock & br+s up ! /raggl]s4 ,op5 gates to fields are s\rces ( great annoyance to drov]s1 ! /ock inv>iably mak+ an endeavor to g ?r\gh !m4 ,on obs]v+ an op5 gate ahead1 ! drov] %\ld s5d 8 dog beh9d him ov] ! f5ce1 to be ready to meet ! %eep at ! gate4 ,:5 ! %eep incl9e to re/1 !y %\ld be all[$ to lie d[n4 ,:5 ! animals are lodg$ = ! night1 a few turnips or a little hay %\ld be furni%$ to !m1 if ! road-sides are b>e4 ,if ^! are plac$ ne> ! gate ( ! field :i* !y occupy1 !y w be ready to take ! road aga9 9 ! morn+4 ,z a precaution aga9/ worry+ dogs1 ! drov] %\ld g frequ5tly ?r\gh ! flock ) a light1 retire to re/ late1 & rise up e>ly 9 ! morn+4 ,^! precautions are necess>y2 s9ce1 :5 %eep h once be5 di/urb$ by dogs1 !y w n settle aga9 ^u ! road4 ,! fir/ day's j\rney %\ld be a %ort "o1 n exce$+ f\r or five miles4 ,! :ole j\rney %\ld be s m>k$ out z t1 all[ance be+ made = un=ese5 delays1 ! animals may h "o day's re/ ne> ! m>ket4 ,,po9ts ,,( ,,fat ,,%eep4 ,! =mation ( fat1 9 a %eep de/9$ to be fatt5$1 comm5ces 9 ! inside1 ! web ( fat :i* envelopes ! inte/9es be+ fir/ =m$1 & a little deposit$ ar\nd ! kidneys4 ,aft] t1 fat is se5 on ! outside2 & fir/ ^u ! end ( ! rump at ! tail-head1 cont9u+ to move on along ! back1 on bo? sides ( ! sp9e1 or back-bone1 to ! b5d ( ! ribs to ! neck4 ,!n x is deposit$ betwe5 ! muscles1 p>allel ) ! cellul> tissue4 ,mean:ile1 x is cov]+ ! l[] r\nd ( ! ribs desc5d+ to ! flanks1 until ! two sides meet "u ! belly1 :5ce x proce$s to ! brisket1 or brea/1 9 front1 & ! %am or cod beh9d1 fill+ up ! inside ( ! arm-pits & ?ighs4 ,:ile all ^! depositions are proce$+ on ! outside1 ! progress 9 ! inside is n *eck$1 b r increas$1 by ! fatt5+ disposition enc\rag$ by ! acquir$ condition2 &1 h5ce1 simultane\sly1 ! kidneys become entirely cov]$1 & ! space betwe5 ! inte/9es & ! lumb> region1 or lo91 gradually fill$ up by ! web & kidney fat4 ,by ?is "t ! cellul> spaces ar\nd ea* fibre ( muscle are receiv+ _! %>e2 & :5 fat is deposit$ !re 9 quantity1 x gives to ! meat ! t]m m>bl$4 ,^! int]-fibr\s spaces are ! la/ to receive a deposition ( fat2 b aft] ?is has begun1 e o!r "p at ! same "t receives its due %>e1 ! back & kidneys secur+ ! mo/1 s mu* s t ! =m] lit]ally becomes nick$1 z x is t]m$--t is1 ! fat is felt ?r\gh ! sk9 to be divid$ into two portions1 f ! tail-head along ! back to ! top ( ! %\ld]2 & ! tail becom+ ?ick & /iff1 ! top ( ! neck broad1 ! l[] "p ( ea* side ( ! neck t[>d ! brea/s full1 & ! holl[s betwe5 ! brea/-bone & ! inside ( ! =e legs1 & betwe5 ! cod & ! inside ( ! h9d ?ighs1 fill$ up4 ,:5 all ?is has be5 accompli%$1 ! %eep is said to be fat1 or ripe4 ,:5 ! body ( a fat %eep is entirely ov]laid ) fat1 x is 9 ! mo/ valuable /ate z mutton4 ,few %eep1 h[ev]1 lay on fat entirely ov] _! body2 "o lay+ ! l>ge/ proportion on ! rump1 ano!r on ! back2 "o on ! p>ts adjo9+ ! =e-qu>t]1 ano!r on ^? ( ! h9d-qu>t]2 & "o m on ! inside1 & ano!r m on ! outside4 ,tak+ s _m p>ts1 & comb9+ any two or m ( !m toge!r1 a consid]able v>iety ( condition w be f\nd 9 any lot ( fat %eep1 :ile any "o is z ripe 9 its way z any o!r4 ,) ^! data = guides1 ! /ate ( a %eep 9 its progress t[>d rip5ess may be readily detect$ by h&l+4 ,a fat %eep1 h[ev]1 is easily kn[n by ! eye1 f ! fullness exhibit$ by all ! ext]nal p>ts ( ! p>ticul> animal4 ,x may exhibit want 9 "s p>ts :5 comp>$ ) o!rs2 b ^? p>ts1 x may easily be se51 w\ld nev] become s ripe z ! o!rs2 & ?is arises f "s con/itutional defect 9 ! animal itself2 s9ce1 if ?is 7 s1 !re is no reason :y all ! p>ts %\ld n be alike ripe4 ,! /ate ( a %eep t is obvi\sly n ripe _c altoge!r be asc]ta9$ by ! eye4 ,x mu/ be h&l$1 or subject$ to ! scrut9y ( ! h&4 ,ev5 9 s palpable an act z h&l+1 discretion is requisite4 ,a full-look+ %eep ne$s h>dly to be h&l$ on ! rump2 = he w\ld n seem s full1 unless fat _h fir/ be5 deposit$ !re4 ,a ?9-look+ %eep1 on ! o!r h&1 %\ld be h&l$ on ! rump2 & if !re be no fat !re1 x is useless to h&le ! re/ ( ! body1 = c]ta9ly !re w n be s mu* z to des]ve ! "n ( fat4 ,betwe5 ^! two extremes ( condition1 e v>iety exi/s2 & on t acc\nt exam9ation by ! h& is ! rule1 & by ! eye alone ! exception4 ,! h& is1 h[ev]1 mu* assi/$ by ! eye1 ^: acut5ess detects defici5cies & r$undancies at once4 ,9 h&l+ %eep1 ! po9ts ( ! f+]s are *iefly employ$2 & ! accurate k convey$ by !m1 ?r\gh practice1 ( ! exact /ate ( ! condition1 is truly surpris+1 & e/abli%es a conviction 9 ! m9d t "s intimate relation exi/s betwe5 ! ext]nal & int]nal /ate ( an animal4 ,h5ce orig9ates ?is practical maxim 9 judg+ /ock ( all k9ds--t no animal w appe> ripe to ! eye1 unless z mu* fat _h previ\sly be5 acquir$ 9 ! inside z con/itutional habit w all[4 ,! application ( ?is rule is easy4 ,:5 ! rump is f\nd nick$1 on h&l+1 fat is to be f\nd on ! back2 :5 ! back is f\nd nick$1 fat is to be expect$ on ! top ( ! %\ld] & ov] ! ribs2 & :5 ! top ( ! %\ld] proves to be nick$1 fat may be anticipat$ on ! "u side ( ! belly1 ,to asc]ta9 its exi/5ce bel[1 ! animal mu/ be turn$ up1 z x is t]m$2 t is1 ! %eep is set ^u 8 rump1 ) 8 back d[n1 & 8 h9d feet po9t+ upw>d & outw>d4 ,9 ?is position1 x c be se5 :e!r ! brea/ & ?ighs are fill$ up4 ,/ill1 all ^! alone w\ld n disclose ! /ate ( ! inside ( ! %eep1 :i* %\ld1 moreov]1 be look$ = 9 ! ?ickness ( ! flank2 9 ! fullness ( ! brea/1 t is1 ! space 9 front f %\ld] to %\ld] t[>d ! neck2 9 ! /iffness & ?ickness ( ! root ( ! tail2 & 9 ! bread? ( ! back ( ! neck4 ,all ^! latt] p>ts1 especially ) ! fullness ( ! inside ( ! ?ighs1 indicate a fullness ( fat 9 ! inside2 t is1 l>g5ess ( ! mass ( fat on ! kidneys1 ?ickness ( net1 & ?ickness ( lay]s betwe5 ! abdom9al muscles4 ,h5ce1 ! :ole object ( fe$+ %eep on turnips & ! l seems to be to lay fat ^u all ! bundles ( fle%y fibres1 call$ muscles1 t are capable ( acquir+ t sub/ance2 =1 z to bone & muscle1 ^! increase 9 weight & ext5t indep5d5tly ( fat1 & fat only increases 9 _! magnitude4 ,,slaught]+4 ,%eep are easily slaught]$1 & ! op]ation is unatt5d$ ) cruelty4 ,!y require "s prep>ation be=e be+ depriv$ ( life1 :i* consi/s 9 food be+ )held f !m = n less ?an tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 accord+ to ! season4 ,! reason = fa/+ %eep be=e slaught]+ is to give "t = ! paun* & inte/9es to empty !mselves entirely ( food1 z x is f\nd t1 :5 an animal is kill$ ) a full /oma*1 ! meat is m liable to putrefy1 & x n s well flavor$2 &1 z rum9at+ animals always reta9 a l>ge quantity ( food 9 _! inte/9es1 x is reasonable t !y %\ld fa/ some:at long] to get rid ( x1 ?an animals ) s+le /oma*s4 ,%eep are plac$ on _! side--sometimes ^u a /ool1 call$ a kill+-/ool--to be slaught]$1 &1 requir+ no fa/5+ ) cords1 are depriv$ ( life by ! use ( a /raight knife ?r\gh ! neck1 betwe5 its bone & ! w9dpipe1 sev]+ ! c>otid art]y & ! jugul> ve9 ( bo? sides1 f :i* ! blood fl[s freely out1 & ! animal soon dies4 ,illu/ration3 ,,drov]',s ,,or ,,but*]',s ,,dog4 ,! sk91 z f> z x is cov]$ ) wool1 is tak5 (f1 leav+ t on ! legs & head1 :i* are cov]$ ) hair1 ! legs be+ disjo9t$ by ! knee4 ,! entrails are remov$ by an incision along ! belly1 aft] ! c>cass has be5 hung up by ! t5dons ( ! b\ghs4 ,! net is c>efully sep>at$ f ! visc]a1 & roll$ up by itself2 b ! kidney fat is n !n extract$4 ,! inte/9es are plac$ on ! inn] side ( ! sk9 until divid$ into ! pluck1 conta9+ ! he>t1 lungs1 & liv]2 ! bag1 conta9+ ! /oma*2 & ! pudd+s1 consi/+ ( ! visc]a1 or guts4 ,! latt] are usually ?r[n away2 ?\gh ! ,scot*1 h[ev]1 clean !m & "w !m up into _! favorite haggis4 ,! sk9 is hung ov] a rope or pole "u cov]1 ) ! sk9-side upp]mo/1 to dry 9 an airy place4 ,! c>cass %\ld hang tw5ty-f\r h\rs 9 a clean1 cool1 airy1 dry ap>tm5t be=e x is cut d[n4 ,x %\ld be cool & dry2 =1 if w>m1 ! meat w n become firm2 &1 if damp1 a clamm9ess w cov] x1 & x w nev] feel dry1 & pres5t a fre%1 clean appe>ance4 ,! c>cass is divid$ 9 two1 by be+ saw$ "r d[n ! back-bone4 ,! kidney-fat is !n tak5 out1 be+ only atta*$ to ! p]itoneum by ! cellul> membrane1 & ! kidney is extract$ f ! suet1 ! "n giv5 to %eep-tall[ 9 an indep5d5t /ate4 ,,cutt+ ,,up4 ,( ! two modes ( cutt+ up a c>cass ( mutton1 ! ,engli% & ! ,scot*--( ! =m]1 ! practice 9 ,london be+ tak5 z ! /&>d1 & ( ! latt]1 t ( ,ed9burgh1 s9ce m c>e is ex]cis$ 9 ?is respect 9 ^! two cities--! ,engli% is1 p]haps1 pref]able2 al?\gh ! ,scot* accompli% ! task 9 a cleanly & workmanlike mann]4 ,! jigot is ! mo/ h&some & valuable "p ( ! c>cass1 br++ ! highe/ price1 & is ei!r a roa/+ or a boil+ piece4 ,a jigot ( ,leice/]1 ,*eviot1 or ,s\?-,d[n mutton makes a beautiful boil$ leg ( mutton1 :i* is priz$ ! m ! fatt] x is--?is "p ( ! c>cass be+ nev] ov]load$ ) fat4 ,! lo9 is almo/ always roa/$1 ! flap ( ! flank be+ skew]$ up1 & x is a juicy piece4 ,_m consid] ?is piece ( ,leice/] mutton1 roa/$1 z too ri*2 & :5 w>m ?is is1 probably1 ! case2 b a cold roa/ lo9 is an excell5t summ] di%4 ,! back-rib is divid$ into two1 & us$ = v diff]5t purposes4 ,! =ep>t--! neck--is boil$1 & makes sweet b>ley-bro?2 & ! meat1 :5 boil$1 or r ! :ole simm]$ = a consid]able "t beside ! fire1 eats t5d]ly4 ,! back-ribs make an excell5t roa/2 inde$1 !re is n a sweet] or m v>i$ "o 9 ! :ole c>cass1 hav+ bo? ribs & %\ld]4 ,! %\ld]-blade eats be/ cold1 & ! ribs1 w>m4 ,! ribs make excell5t *ops1 ! ,leice/] & ,s\?-,d[n af=d+ ! be/4 ,! brea/ is mo/ly a roa/+-piece1 consi/+ ( rib & %\ld]1 & is p>ticul>ly good :5 cold4 ,:5 ! piece is l>ge1 z ( ! ,s\?-,d[n or ,*eviot1 ! gri/ly p>ts ( ! ribs may be divid$ f ! true ribs1 & help$ sep>ately4 ,?is piece also boils well2 or1 :5 corn$ = eight days1 & s]v$ ) onion sauce1 ) ma%$ turnips 9 x1 !re are few m savory di%es at a f>m]'s table4 ,! %\ld] is sep>at$ be=e be+ dress$1 & makes an excell5t roa/ = family use1 be+ eat5 w>m or cold1 or c>v$ & dress$ z ! brea/ m5tion$ above4 ,! %\ld] is be/ f a l>ge c>cass ( ,s\?-,d[n1 ,*eviot1 or ,leice/]4 ,! neck-piece is p>tly laid b>e by ! removal ( ! %\ld]1 ! =ep>t be+ fitt$ = boil+ & mak+ into bro?1 & ! be/ "p = roa/+ or broil+ into *ops4 ,on ?is acc\nt1 x is a good family piece1 & g5]ally pref]r$ to any "p ( ! h9d-qu>t]4 ,heavy %eep1 su* z ! ,leice/]1 ,s\?-,d[n1 & ,*eviot1 supply ! mo/ ?rifty neck-piece4 ,,relative ,,qualities4 ,! diff]5t sorts ( mutton 9 common use diff] z well 9 quality z 9 quantity4 ,! fle% ( ! ,leice/] is l>ge1 ?\gh n co>se-gra9$1 ( a lively r$ color1 & ! cellul> tissue betwe5 ! fibres conta9s a consid]able quantity ( fat4 ,:5 cook$1 x is t5d] & juicy1 yield+ a r$ gravy1 & hav+ a sweet1 ri* ta/e2 b ! fat is r too mu* & too ri* = "s p's ta/es1 & c be put aside4 ,x mu/ be all[$ t ! lean ( fat meat is f> bett] ?an lean meat t has nev] be5 fat4 ,*eviot mutton is small] 9 ! gra91 n s bright ( color1 ) less fat1 less juice1 n s t5d] & sweet2 b ! flavor is high]1 & ! fat n s lusci\s4 ,! mutton ( ,s\?-,d[ns is ( m$ium f95ess 9 gra91 color pleasant r$1 fat well int]mix$ ) ! meat1 juicy1 & t5d]] ?an ,*eviot4 ,! mutton ( rams ( any bre$ is always h>d1 ( disagreeable flavor1 &1 9 autumn1 n eatable2 t ( old ewes is dry1 h>d1 & ta/eless2 ( "y ones1 well en\gh flavor$1 b /ill r dry2 :ile we!r-mutton is ! meat 9 p]fection1 accord+ to its k9d4 ,! want ( reli%1 p]haps ! di/a/e1 = mutton has s]v$ z an ob/acle to ! ext5sion ( %eep husb&ry 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! common mi/ake 9 ! managem5t ( mutton among u is1 t x is eat51 z a g5]al ?+1 at exactly ! wrong "t aft] x is kill$4 ,x %\ld be eat5 imm$iately aft] be+ kill$1 &1 if possible1 be=e ! meat has "t to get cold2 or1 if n1 !n x %\ld be kept a week or m--9 ! ice-h\se1 if ! wea!r require--until ! "t is j at h& :5 ! fibre passes ! /ate ( t\ghness :i* x takes on at fir/1 & rea*es t incipi5t or prelim9>y po9t 9 its process t[>d putrefaction :5 ! fibres beg9 to give way1 & ! meat becomes t5d]4 ,an op9ion likewise g5]ally prevails t mutton does n atta9 p]fection 9 juic9ess & flavor mu* "u five ye>s4 ,if ?is be s1 t bre$ ( %eep mu/ be v unpr(itable :i* takes five ye>s to atta9 its full /ate2 & !re is no bre$ ( %eep 9 ?is c\ntry :i* requires five ye>s to br+ x to p]fection4 ,?is be+ ! case1 x mu/ be folly to re/ra9 %eep f com+ to p]fection until !y h rea*$ t age4 ,lov]s ( five-ye>-old mutton d n pret5d t ?is c\rse be/[s pr(it on ! f>m]1 b only insi/ on its be+ be/ at t age4 ,7 ?is ! fact1 "o ( two absurd conditions mu/ exi/ 9 ?is dep>tm5t ( agriculture3 namely1 ! keep+ a bre$ ( %eep t _c1 or t %\ld n be all[$ to1 atta9 to p]fection be=e x is five ye>s old2 ei!r ( :i* conditions makes x obvi\s t mutton _c be 9 its be/ /ate at five ye>s4 ,! tru? is1 ! idea ( mutton ( ?is age be+ especially excell5t1 is f\nd$ on a prejudice1 aris+1 probably1 f ?is circum/ance3 be=e w9t] food 0 discov]$1 :i* c\ld ma9ta9 ! condition ( /ock :i* _h be5 acquir$ 9 summ]1 %eep lo/ mu* ( _! summ] condition 9 w9t]1 &1 ( c\rse1 an oscillation ( condition occurr$1 ye> aft] ye>1 until !y atta9$ ! age ( five ye>s2 :5 _! tee? beg9n+ to fail1 w\ld cause !m to lose _! condition ! m rapidly4 ,h5ce1 x 0 exp$i5t to slaught] !m at n exce$+ five ye>s ( age2 &1 no d\bt1 mutton w\ld be high-flavor$ at t age1 t _h be5 exclusively f$ on natural pa/ure & natural hay4 ,su* treatm5t ( %eep _c1 h[ev]1 be ju/ifi$ on ! pr9ciples ( mod]n practice2 because bo? reason & ta/e concur 9 mutton be+ at its be/ :5ev] %eep atta9 _! p]fect /ate ( gr[? & condition1 n _! l>ge/ & heavie/2 & z "o bre$ atta9s its p]fect /ate at an e>li] age ?an ano!r1 its mutton atta9s its be/ be=e ano!r bre$ atta9s :at is its be/ /ate1 al?\gh its %eep may be old]2 b ta/e alone pref]s "o k9d ( mutton to ano!r1 ev5 :5 bo? are 9 _! be/ /ate1 f "s peculi> prop]ty4 ,! cry = five-ye>-old mutton is ?us bas$ on v unt5able gr\nds2 ! tru? be+ t well-f$ & fatt$ mutton is nev] bett] ?an :5 x gets its full gr[? 9 its second ye>2 & ! f>m] _c af=d to keep x long]1 unless ! wool w\ld pay = ! keep1 s9ce we h n ! epicures & m5 ( weal? :o w\ld pay ! but*] ! extra price1 :i* he mu/ h1 to enable him to pay a remun]at+ price to ! grazi] = keep+ 8 %eep two or ?ree ye>s ov]4 ,all writ]s on diet agree 9 describ+ mutton z ! mo/ valuable ( ! articles ( human food4 ,pork may be m /imulat+1 beef p]haps m nutriti\s1 :5 ! dige/ive p[]s are /rong2 b1 :ile !re is 9 mutton suffici5t nutrim5t1 !re is also t degree ( consi/5cy & read9ess ( assimilation :i* r5d]s x mo/ cong5ial to ! human /oma*1 mo/ easy ( dige/ion1 & mo/ promotive ( human heal?4 ,( x1 almo/ alone1 c x be said t x is our food 9 sickness1 z well z 9 heal?2 its bro? is ! fir/ ?+1 g5]ally1 t an invalid is p]mitt$ to ta/e1 ! fir/ ?+ t he reli%es1 & is a natural prep>ation = 8 return to 8 natural alim5t4 ,9 ! same circum/ances1 x appe>s t fre% mutton1 broil$ or boil$1 requires ?ree h\rs = dige/ion2 fre% mutton1 roa/$1 ?ree & "o-f\r? h\rs2 & mutton-suet1 boil$1 f\r & "o-half h\rs4 ,good ham may be made ( any "p ( a c>cass ( mutton1 ?\gh ! leg is pref]able2 & = ?is purpose x is cut 9 ! ,engli% fa%ion4 ,x %\ld be rubb$ all ov] ) good salt1 & a little saltpetre1 = t5 m9utes1 & !n laid 9 a di% & cov]$ ) a clo? = eight or t5 days4 ,aft] t1 x %\ld be slightly rubb$ aga91 = ab\t five m9utes1 & !n hung up 9 a dry place1 say ! ro( ( ! kit*51 until us$4 ,we!r mutton is us$ = hams1 because x is fat1 & x may be cur$ any "t f ,novemb] to ,may2 b ram-mutton makes ! l>ge/ & highe/-flavor$ ham1 provid$ x be cur$ 9 spr+1 because x is out ( season 9 autumn4 ,!re is an infallible rule = asc]ta9+ ! age ( mutton by c]ta9 m>ks on ! c>cass4 ,obs]ve ! color ( ! brea/-bone1 :5 a %eep is dress$--t is1 :]e ! brea/-bone is sep>at$--:i*1 9 a lamb1 or be=e x is "o ye> old1 w be q r$2 f "o to two ye>s old1 ! upp] & l[] bone w be *ang+ to :ite1 & a small circle ( :ite w appe> r\nd ! edges ( ! o!r bones1 & ! middle "p ( ! brea/-bone w yet cont9ue r$2 at ?ree ye>s old1 a v small /reak ( r$ w be se5 9 ! middle ( ! f\r middle bones1 & ! o!rs w be :ite2 & at f\r ye>s1 all ! brea/-bone w be ( a :ite or gri/ly color4 ,,contributions ,,to ,,manufactures4 ,! products ( %eep are n m]ely useful to man2 !y provide 8 luxuries z well4 ,! sk9 ( %eep is made into lea!r1 &1 :5 s manufactur$ ) ! fleece on1 makes com=table mats = ! doors ( rooms1 & rugs = c>riages4 ,= ?is purpose1 ! be/ sk9s are select$1 & su* z are cov]$ ) ! longe/ & mo/ beautiful fleece4 ,tann$ %eep-sk9 is us$ 9 co>se book-b9d+4 ,:ite %eep-sk91 :i* is n tann$1 b s manufactur$ by a peculi> process1 is us$ z aprons by _m classes ( workm51 &1 9 agriculture1 z gloves 9 ! h>ve/2 &1 :5 cut into /rips1 z tw9e = sew+ toge!r ! lea!r cov]+s & /uff+s ( horse-coll>s4 ,morocco lea!r is made ( %eep-sk9s1 z well z ( goat-sk9s1 & ! bright r$ color is giv5 to x by co*9eal4 ,russia lea!r is also made ( %eep-sk9s1 ! peculi> odor ( :i* repels insects f its vic9ity1 & resi/s ! m\ld aris+ f damp1 ! odor be+ imp>t$ to x 9 curry+1 by ! empyreumatic oil ( ! b>k ( ! bir*-tree4 ,besides s(t lea!r1 %eep-sk9s are made into a f9e1 flexible1 ?9 sub/ance1 kn[n by ! "n ( p>*m5t2 &1 ?\gh ! sk9s ( all animals might be conv]t$ into writ+ mat]ials1 only ^? ( ! %eep & ! %e-goat are us$ = p>*m5t4 ,! f9] quality ( ! sub/ance1 call$ vellum1 is made ( ! sk9s ( kids & dead-born lambs2 & = its manufacture ! t[n ( ,/rasburgh has long be5 celebrat$4 ,mutton-suet is us$ 9 ! manufacture ( common c&les1 ) a proportion ( ox-tall[4 ,m9c$ suet1 subject$ to ! action ( high-pressure /eam 9 a dige/]1 at two hundr$ & fifty or two hundr$ & sixty degrees ( ,fahr5heit1 becomes s h>d z to be sonor\s :5 /ruck1 :it]1 & capable1 :5 made into c&les1 ( giv+ v sup]ior light4 ,/e>ic c&les1 ! inv5tion ( ! celebrat$ ,guy ,lussac1 are manufactur$ solely f mutton-suet4 ,besides ! fat1 ! inte/9es ( %eep are manufactur$ into v>i\s articles ( luxury & utility1 :i* pass "u ! absurd "n ( catgut4 ,all ! inte/9es ( %eep are compos$ ( f\r lay]s1 z 9 ! horse & cattle4 ,! out]1 or p]itoneal "o1 is =m$ ( t membrane1 by :i* e portion ( ! belly & its cont5ts is inve/$1 & conf9$ 9 its natural & prop] situation4 ,x is highly smoo? & poli%$1 & secretes a wat]y fluid :i* contributes to pres]ve t smoo?ness1 & to prev5t all friction & concussion dur+ ! diff]5t motions ( ! animal4 ,! second is ! muscul> coat1 by means ( :i* ! cont5ts ( ! inte/9es are gradually propell$ f ! /oma* to ! rectum1 !nce to be expell$ :5 all ! useful nutrim5t is extract$4 ,! muscles1 z 9 all ! o!r inte/9es1 are dispos$ 9 two lay]s1 ! fibres ( ! out] coat tak+ a longitud9al direction1 & ! inn] lay] be+ circul>--an arrangem5t diff]5t f t ( ! muscles ( ! oesophagus1 & 9 bo? beautifully adapt$ to ! respective functions ( ! tube4 ,! submuc\s coat comes next4 ,x is compos$ ( num]\s gl&s1 surr\nd$ by cellul> tissue1 & by :i* ! inn] coat is lubricat$1 s t !re may be no ob/ruction to ! passage ( ! food4 ,! muc\s coat is ! s(t vill\s "o l9+ ! inte/9al cavity4 ,9 its heal?y /ate1 x is always cov]$ ) mucus2 & :5 ! gl&s b5ea? are /imulat$1 z "u ! action ( physic1 ! quantity ( mucus is increas$2 x becomes ( a m wat]y "*2 ! cont5ts ( ! inte/9es are s(t5$ & dissolv$ by x2 & by means ( ! increas$ action ( ! muscul> coat1 :i*1 z well z ! muc\s "o1 feels ! /imulus ( ! physic1 ! faeces are hurri$ on m rapidly & dis*>g$4 ,9 ! manufacture ( "s sorts ( cords f ! inte/9es ( %eep1 ! out] p]itoneal coat is tak5 (f & manufactur$ into a ?read to sew inte/9es1 & make ! cords ( rackets & battl$ores4 ,future wa%+s cleanse ! guts1 :i* are !n twi/$ into diff]5t-siz$ cords = v>i\s purposes2 "s ( ! be/ kn[n ( :i* are :ip-cords1 hatt]'s cords = b[-/r+s1 clock-mak]'s cords1 b&s = sp9n+-:eels1 n[ almo/ obsolete1 & fiddle & h>p-/r+s4 ,( ! la/ class1 ! cords manufactur$ 9 ,italy are sup]ior 9 goodness & /r5g?2 & ! reason assign$ is1 t ! %eep ( t c\ntry are bo? small] & lean] ?an ! bre$s mo/ 9 vogue 9 ,engl& & 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,! difficulty 9 manufactur+ f o!r bre$s ( %eep lies1 x seems1 9 mak+ ! treble /r+s f ! f9e p]itoneal coat1 _! *ief fault be+ weakness2 by reason ( :i* ! small] ones are h>dly able to be> ! /ret* requir$ = ! high] notes 9 conc]t-pit*1 ma9ta9+1 at ! same "t1 9 _! =m & con/ruction1 t t5uity or smallness ( diamet] :i* is requir$ 9 ord] to produce a brilliant & cle> tone4 ,illu/ration ,,diseases ,,& ,,_! ,,rem$ies4 ,! dry & heal?ful climate1 ! roll+ surface1 & ! sweet & v>i$ h]bage1 :i* g5]ally prevail 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 insure p]fect heal? to an orig9ally s\nd & well-select$ flock1 unless !y are peculi>ly expos$ to disease4 ,no c\ntry is bett] suit$ to %eep ?an mo/ ( ! ,nor!rn & "s ( ! ,s\!rn portions ( our own4 ,9 ,europe1 & especially 9 ,engl&1 :]e ! sy/em ( managem5t is1 necess>ily1 9 ! highe/ degree artificial1 consi/+1 frequ5tly1 9 an e>ly & cont9u$ =c+ ( ! sy/em1 fold+ on wet1 pl\gh$ gr\nd1 & ! excessive use ( t wat]y food1 ! ,sw$i% turnip1 !re are num]\s & fatal diseases1 a long li/ ( :i* inv>iably cumb]s ! pages ( =eign writ]s on ?is animal4 ,! diseases incid5t to our flocks1 on ! contr>y1 may g5]ally be consid]$ z casualties1 r ?an z inbr$1 or necess>ily aris+ f ! quality ( food1 or f local causes4 ,x may be safely ass]t$ t1 ) a dry pa/ure1 well /ock$ ) v>i$ & nutriti\s grasses2 a cle>1 runn+ /ream2 suffici5t %ade & protection aga9/ sev]e /orms2 a con/ant supply ( salt1 t>1 & sulphur 9 summ]2 good hay1 & sometimes roots1 ) ample %elt]s 9 w9t]--"y %eep1 orig9ally s\nd & heal?y1 w seldom or nev] become diseas$ on ,am]ican soil4 ,! comp>atively few diseases1 :i* x may be necess>y "h to m5tion1 are arrang$ 9 alphabetical ord]--z 9 ! au?or's ,cattle & _! ,diseases--= conv5i5ce ( ref]5ce1 & treat$ 9 ! simple/ mann]4 ,rem$ies ( g5]al application1 to be adm9i/]$ (t5 by ! unskilful & ignorant1 mu/ nei!r be elaborate nor complicat$2 &1 if exp5sive1 ! lives ( mo/ %eep w\ld be de>ly pur*as$ by _! application4 ,a %eep1 :i* has be5 re>$ or pur*as$ at ! ord9>y price1 is ! only dome/ic animal :i* c die )\t mat]ial loss to its own]4 ,! wool & felt w1 9 mo/ in/ances1 repay its co/1 :ile ! c>cass ( o!r animals w be wor?less1 except = manure4 ,! loss ( %eep1 f occasional disease1 w leave ! f>m]'s pocket 9 a v diff]5t condition f ! loss ( an equal value 9 horses or cattle4 ,humanity1 h[ev]1 alike ) int]e/1 dictates ! use ( su* simple rem$ies1 = ! removal ( suff]+ & disease1 z may be )9 rea*4 ,,adm9i/]+ ,,m$ic9e4 ,! /oma* into :i* m$ic9es are to be adm9i/]$ is ! f\r?1 or dige/+ /oma*4 ,! comp>atively ins5sible walls ( ! rum51 or paun*1 are b slightly act$ ^u1 except by doses ( v improp] magnitude4 ,m$ic9e1 to rea* ! f\r? /oma*1 %\ld be giv5 9 a /ate z ne>ly approa*+ fluidity z may be4 ,ev5 !n x may be giv5 9 su* a mann] z to defeat ! object 9 view4 ,if ! animal =cibly gulps fluids d[n1 or if !y are giv5 ha/ily & bodily1 !y w foll[ ! caul at ! base ( ! gullet ) consid]able mom5tum1 =ce asund] ! pill>s1 & ent] ! rum52 if !y are drunk m sl[ly1 or adm9i/]$ g5tly1 !y w trickle d[n ! ?roat1 glide ov] ^! pill>s1 & pass on ?r\gh ! maniplus to ! true /oma*4 ,,ble$+4 ,ble$+ f ! e>s or tail1 z is commonly practis$1 r>ely extracts a quantity ( blood suffici5t to d any good :]e ble$+ is indicat$4 ,to ble$ f ! eye-ve91 ! po9t ( a knife is usually ins]t$ ne> ! l[] extremity ( ! p\* bel[ ! eye1 press$ d[n1 & !n a cut made inw>d t[>d ! middle ( ! face4 ,ble$+ f ! angul> or *eek-ve9 is recomm5d$1 9 ! l[] "p ( ! *eek1 at ! spot :]e ! root ( ! f\r? too? is plac$1 :i* is ! ?icke/ "p ( ! *eek1 & is m>k$ on ! ext]nal surface ( ! bone ( ! upp] jaw by a tub]cle1 suffici5tly prom95t to be v s5sible to ! f+] :5 ! sk9 ( ! *eek is t\*$4 ,?is tub]cle is a c]ta9 index to ! angul> ve91 :i* is plac$ bel[4 ,! %eph]d takes ! %eep betwe5 8 legs2 8 left h& m advanc$ ?an 8 "r1 :i* he places "u ! head1 & grasps ! "u jaw ne> to ! h9d] extremity1 9 ord] to press ! angul> ve91 :i* passes 9 t place1 = ! purpose ( mak+ x swell2 he t\*es ! "r *eek at ! spot ne>ly equidi/ant f ! eye & m\?1 & !re f9ds ! tub]cle :i* is to guide him1 & also feels ! angul> ve9 swell$ bel[ ?is tub]cle2 he !n makes ! incision f bel[ upw>d1 half a f+]'s bread? bel[ ! middle ( ! tub]cle4 ,:5 ! ve9 is no long] press$ ^u1 ! ble$+ w commonly cease2 if n1 a p9 may be pass$ ?r\gh ! lips ( ! orifice1 & a lock ( wool ti$ r\nd !m4 ,= ?or\gh ble$+1 ! jugul> ve9 is g5]ally to be pref]r$4 ,! %eep %\ld be firmly held by ! head by an assi/ant1 & ! body conf9$ betwe5 8 knees1 ) its rump aga9/ a wall4 ,"s ( ! wool is !n cut away f ! middle ( ! neck ov] ! jugul> ve91 & a ligature1 br\ght 9 contact ) ! neck by op5+ ! wool1 is ti$ ar\nd x bel[ ! %orn spot ne> ! %\ld]4 ,! ve9 w soon rise4 ,! orifice may be secur$1 aft] ble$+1 z be=e describ$4 ,! good effects ( ble$+ dep5d almo/ z mu* on ! rapidity ) :i* ! blood is ab/ract$1 z ! am\nt tak54 ,?is is especially true 9 acute diseases4 ,ei!r ble$ rapidly or d n ble$ at all4 ,! orifice 9 ! ve91 !re=e1 %\ld be ( "s l5g?1 & made l5g?wise ) ! ve94 ,a lancet is by f> ! be/ implem5t2 & ev5 a %ort-po9t$ p5knife is pref]able to ! bungl+ gleam4 ,ble$+1 moreov]1 %\ld always be resort$ to1 :5 x is indicat$ at all1 z ne>ly z possible to ! comm5cem5t ( ! malady4 ,! am\nt ( blood drawn %\ld nev] be det]m9$ by admeasurem5t1 b by con/itutional effect--! l[]+ ( ! pulse1 & indications ( weakness4 ,9 urg5t cases--apoplexy1 or c]ebral inflammation1 = example--x w\ld be prop] to ble$ until ! %eep /agg]s or falls4 ,! quantity ( blood 9 ! %eep is less1 9 comp>ison1 ?an t 9 ! horse or ox4 ,! blood ( ! horse con/itutes ab\t "o-eighte5? "p ( 8 weight2 & t ( ! ox at lea/ "o-tw5tie?2 :ile t ( ! %eep1 9 ord9>y condition1 is "o-tw5ty-second4 ,= ?is reason1 m caution %\ld be ex]cis$ 9 ble$+ ! latt]1 especially 9 frequ5tly resort+ to x2 o!rwise1 ! vital p[]s w be rapidly & fatally pro/rat$4 ,_m a %eep has be5 de/roy$ by ble$+ freely 9 disord]s n requir+ x1 & 9 disord]s :i* did require x at ! comm5cem5t1 b ( :i* ! inflammatory /age _h pass$4 ,,feel+ ,,! ,,pulse4 ,! numb] ( pulsations c be det]m9$ by feel+ ! he>t beat on ! left side4 ,! femoral art]y passes 9 an oblique direction across ! inside ( ! ?igh1 & ab\t ! middle ( ! ?igh its pulsations & ! "* ( ! pulse c be mo/ readily not$4 ,! pulsations p] m9ute1 9 a heal?y adult %eep1 are sixty-five 9 numb]2 ?\gh !y h be5 /at$ at sev5ty1 & ev5 sev5ty-five4 ,,apoplexy4 ,soon aft] ! %eep are turn$ to grass 9 ! spr+1 "o ( ! be/-condition$ %eep 9 ! flock is sometimes sudd5ly f\nd dead4 ,! symptoms :i* prec$e ! cata/rophe are occasionally not$4 ,! %eep leaps frantically into ! air two or ?ree times1 da%es itself on ! gr\nd1 & sudd5ly rises1 & dies 9 a few m9utes4 ,:]e animals 9 some:at poor condition are r =c$ =w>d = ! purpose ( rais+ _! condition1 x sometimes happ5s t !y become sudd5ly bl9d & motionless2 !y w n foll[ _! companions2 :5 approa*$1 !y run ab\t1 knock+ _! heads aga9/ f5ces1 etc42 ! head is drawn r\nd t[>d "o side2 !y fall1 gr9d _! tee?1 & _! m\?s are cov]$ ) a fro?y mucus4 ,su* cases are1 unque/ionably1 ref]able to a det]m9ation ( blood to ! bra94 ,treatm5t4 ,if ! eyes are prom95t & fix$1 ! membranes ( ! m\? & nose highly florid1 ! no/rils highly dilat$1 & ! respiration labor$ & /]tor\s1 ! ve9s ( ! head turgid1 ! pulse /rong & r sl[1 & ^! symptoms att5d$ by a p>tial or entire loss ( sight & he>+1 x is "o ( ^? decid$ cases ( apoplexy :i* require imm$iate & en]getic treatm5t4 ,rec\rse %\ld at once be _h to ! jugul> ve91 & ! animal bl$ until an obvi\s con/itutional effect is produc$--! pulse l[]$1 & ! rigidity ( ! muscles relax$4 ,an ap]i5t %\ld at once foll[ ble$+2 & if ! animal is /rong & pla?oric1 a %eep ( ! size ( ! ,m]9o w\ld require at lea/ two ounces ( ,epsom salts1 & "o ( ! l>ge mutton %eep1 m4 ,if ?is %\ld fail to op5 ! b[els1 half an ounce ( ! salts %\ld be giv51 say twice a day4 ,,braxy4 ,?is is manife/$ by uneas9ess2 loa?+ ( food2 frequ5t dr9k+2 c>ry+ ! head d[n2 draw+ ! back up2 swoll5 belly2 fev]i% symptoms2 & avoidance ( ! flock4 ,x appe>s mo/ly 9 late autumn & spr+1 & may be induc$ by exposure to sev]e /orms1 plung+ 9 wat] :5 hot1 & especially by con/ipation1 br\ght on by fe$+ on fro/bitt51 putrid1 or indige/ible h]bage4 ,_m %eep die on ! prairies f ?is disease1 induc$ by exposure & mis]able =age4 ,entire prev5tion is secur$ by w>m1 dry %elt]s1 & nutriti\s1 dry food4 ,treatm5t4 ,rem$ies1 to be successful1 mu/ be promptly appli$4 ,ble$ freely2 & to effect ?is1 imm]sion 9 a tub ( hot wat] may be necess>y1 9 consequ5ce ( ! /agnant /ate ( ! blood4 ,!n give two ounces ( ,epsom salts1 dissolv$ 9 w>m wat]1 ) a h&ful ( common salt4 ,if ?is is unsuccessful1 give a cly/]1 made ) a pipeful ( tobacco1 boil$ = a few m9utes 9 a p9t ( wat]4 ,adm9i/] half2 & if ?is is n effectual1 foll[ ) ! rema9d]4 ,!n b$ ! animal 9 dry /raw1 & cov] ) blankets2 assi/+ ! purgatives ) w>m gruels1 foll[$ by laxative prov5d] till well4 ,,bron*itis4 ,:]e %eep are subject to pneumonia1 !y are liable to bron*itis z well1 :i* is an inflammation ( ! muc\s membrane1 :i* l9es ! bron*ial tubes1 or ! air-passages ( ! lungs4 ,! symptoms are ^? ( an ord9>y cold1 b att5d$ ) m fev]1 & a t5d]ness ( ! ?roat & belly :5 press$ ^u4 ,treatm5t4 ,adm9i/] salt 9 doses ( f "o & a half to two ounces1 ) six or eight ounces ( lime-wat]1 giv5 9 "s o!r "p ( ! day4 ,,cat>rh4 ,?is is an inflammation ( ! muc\s membrane1 :i* l9es ! nasal passages1 & x sometimes ext5ds to ! l>ynx & ph>ynx4 ,9 ! fir/ in/ance--:]e ! l9+ ( ! nasal passages is alone & n v viol5tly affect$--x is m]ely accompani$ by an increas$ dis*>ge ( mucus1 & is r>ely att5d$ ) mu* dang]4 ,9 ?is =m1 x is usually t]m$ snuffles2 & high-br$ ,engli% mutton-%eep1 9 ?is c\ntry1 are apt to manife/ m or less ( x1 aft] e sudd5 *ange ( wea!r4 ,:5 ! inflammation ext5ds to ! muc\s l9+ ( ! l>ynx & ! ph>ynx1 "s degree ( fev] usually sup]v5es1 accompani$ by c\gh1 & "s loss ( appetite4 ,at ?is po9t1 ble$+ & purg+ are s]viceable4 ,cat>rh r>ely attacks ! ,am]ican f9e-wooll$ %eep ) suffici5t viol5ce 9 summ] to require ! application ( rem$ies4 ,depletion1 9 cat>rh1 9 our sev]e w9t] mon?s1 h[ev]1 rapidly produces t fatal pro/ration1 f :i* x is almo/ impossible to br+ ! %eep back1 )\t be/[+ an am\nt ( "t & c>e ^u x1 co/+ f> m ?an ! wor? ( an ord9>y animal4 ,! be/ c\rse is to prev5t ! disease by judici\s precaution4 ,) t am\nt ( att5tion :i* e prud5t f>m] %\ld be/[ on 8 %eep1 ! ,am]ican ,m]9o is b little subject to x4 ,good1 com=table1 & well-v5tilat$ %elt]s1 con/antly accessible to ! %eep 9 w9t]1 ) a suffici5cy ( food regul>ly adm9i/]$1 are usually a suffici5t safegu>d4 ,,malignant ,e,p,i,z,o,oe,t,i,c ,,cat>rh4 ,illu/ration3 ,,an ,,engli% ,,rack ,,= ,,fe$+ ,,%eep4 ,ess5tially diff]+1 9 type & virul5ce1 f ! prec$+1 is an epidemic1 or1 m prop]ly speak+1 an epizooetic malady1 :i*1 z (t5 z once 9 e eight or t5 ye>s1 sweeps ov] ext5d$ sections ( ! ,nor!rn ,/ates1 de/roy+ m %eep ?an all o!r diseases comb9$4 ,x commonly makes its appe>ance 9 w9t]s *>act]iz$ by rapid & viol5t *anges ( temp]ature1 :i* are spok5 ( by ! f>m]s z bad w9t]s = %eep4 ,! disease is sometimes t]m$ ! di/emp]1 & also1 b errone\sly1 grub 9 ! head4 ,! w9t] ( #ahdf-g prov$ peculi>ly de/ructive to %eep 9 ,new ,york1 & "s ( ! adjo9+ ,/ates2 "s own]s los+ "o-half1 o!rs ?ree-qu>t]s1 & a few sev5-eigh?s1 ( _! flocks4 ,"o p]son lo/ five hundr$ out ( eight hundr$2 ano!r1 n9e hundr$ out ( a ?\s&4 ,^! sev]e losses1 h[ev]1 ma9ly fell on ! hold]s ( ! delicate ,saxons1 & p]haps1 g5]ally1 on ^? possess+ n ! be/ accommodations1 or ! greate/ degree ( en]gy & skill4 ,symptoms4 ,! prim>y & ma9 disease1 9 su* in/ances1 is a species ( cat>rh2 diff]+1 h[ev]1 f ord9>y cat>rh 9 its diagnosis1 & 9 ! ext5t ( ! lesions accompany+ bo? ! prim>y & ! symptomatic diseases4 ,! animals affect$ d n1 necess>ily1 at fir/ %[ any signs ( viol5t colds1 z c\gh+1 sneez+1 or labor$ respiration2 ! only indications ( cat>rh notic$1 (t5times1 be+ a nasal dis*>ge4 ,animals hav+ ?is dis*>ge appe> dull & droop+2 _! eyes run a little1 & are p>tially clos$2 ! c>uncle & lids look pale2 _! movem5ts are languid1 & !re is an indisposition to eat2 ! pulse is ne>ly natural1 ?\gh at times some:at too languid4 ,9 a few days ^! symptoms are evid5tly aggravat$2 !re is rapid emaciation1 accompani$ ) debility2 ! c\nt5ance is exce$+ly dull & droop+2 ! eye is kept m ?an half clos$2 ! c>uncle1 lids1 etc41 are almo/ bloodless2 a gummy1 yell[ secretion ab\t ! eye2 ?ick1 glut9\s mucus adh]+ 9 & ab\t ! no/rils2 appetite feeble2 pulse languid2 & muscul> en]gy greatly pro/rat$4 ,!y rapidly gr[ weak]1 /umble1 & fall z !y walk1 & soon become unable to rise2 ! appetite gr[s feebl]2 ! mucus at ! nose is1 9 "s in/ances1 t+$ ) d>k1 grum\s blood2 ! respiration becomes oppress$2 & ! animals die )9 a day or two aft] !y become unable to rise4 ,^u a po/-mortem exam9ation1 ! muc\s membrane l9+ ! :ole nasal cavity is f\nd highly conge/$ & ?ick5$ ?r\gh\t its entire ext5t1 accompani$ ) ! mo/ int5se inflammation2 slight ulc]s are f\nd on ! membran\s l9+1 at ! junction ( ! cellul> e?moid bones ) ! cribri=m plate1 9 ! e?moidal cells2 & ! inflammation ext5ds to ! muc\s membrane ( ! ph>ynx1 & "s in*es1 f two to f\r1 ( ! upp] portion ( ! oesophagus4 ,no %eep1 affect$ ) ?is disease1 recov]s aft] emaciation & debility h proce$$ to any great ext5t4 ,9 ! g5]ality ( in/ances1 ! "t1 f ! fir/ obs]v$ symptoms until dea?1 v>ies f t5 to fifte5 days2 al?\gh dea?1 9 "s cases1 results m spe$ily4 ,treatm5t4 ,no?+ has be5 f\nd s s]viceable z m]cury1 :i*1 f its action on ! entire secretory sy/em1 p[]fully t5ds to relieve ! conge/$ membranes ( ! head4 ,dissolve "o gra9 ( bi-*loride ( m]cury--corrosive sublimate--9 two ounces ( wat]2 & give "o-half ounce ( ! wat]1 or "o-eigh? ( a gra9 ( corrosive sublimate1 daily1 9 two doses4 ,to /imulate & op5 ! b[els1 give1 also1 rhub>b 9 a decoction1 ! equival5t ( t5 or fifte5 gra9s at a dose1 accompani$ ) ! ord9>y c>m9ative & /oma*ic adjuvants1 g+] & g5tian 9 infusion4 ,,colic4 ,%eep are occasionally se51 p>ticul>ly 9 ! w9t]1 ly+ d[n & ris+ e mom5t or two1 & con/antly /ret*+ _! =e & h9d legs s f> ap>t t _! bellies almo/ t\* ! gr\nd4 ,!y appe> to be 9 mu* pa91 refuse all food1 & n unfrequ5tly die1 unless reliev$4 ,?is disease1 popul>ly kn[n z ! /ret*es1 is errone\sly attribut$ to an involution ( ! "p ( ! inte/9e )9 ano!r2 x be+1 9 reality1 a species ( flatul5t colic1 induc$ by co/iv5ess4 ,treatm5t4 ,half an ounce ( ,epsom salts1 a dra*m ( ,jamaica g+]1 & sixty drops ( ess5ce ( pepp]m9t4 ,! salts alone1 h[ev]1 w effect ! cure2 z w1 also1 an equival5t dose ( l9se$ oil1 or ev5 hog's l>d4 ,,co/iv5ess4 ,?is difficulty is remov$ by giv+ two table-spoonfuls ( ca/or oil e twelve h\rs1 till ! tr\ble ceases2 or give "o ounce ( ,epsom salts4 ,?is may be assi/$ by an injection ( w>m weak suds & molasses4 ,,di>rh,,oe,a4 ,common di>rhoea--purg+1 or sc\rs--manife/s itself simply by ! copi\sness & fluidity ( ! alv9e evacuations4 ,x is g5]ally ow+ to improp] food1 z bad hay1 or noxi\s we$s2 to a sudd5 *ange1 z f dry food to fre% grass2 to an excess1 z f ov]load+ ! /oma*2 & sometimes to cold & wet4 ,x is important to cle>ly di/+ui% ?is disease f dys5t]y4 ,9 di>rhoea1 !re is no app>5t g5]al fev]2 ! appetite rema9s good2 ! /ools are ?9 & wat]y1 b unaccompani$ ) slime1 or mucus1 & blood2 odor ( ! faeces is f> less (f5sive ?an 9 dys5t]y2 & ! g5]al condition ( ! animal is b little *ang$4 ,:5 x is light1 & n ( long cont9uance1 no rem$y is call$ =1 s9ce x is a heal?ful provision ( ,nature = ! m rapid expulsion ( "s (f5d+ matt] 9 ! sy/em1 :i*1 if reta9$1 might lead to disease4 ,treatm5t4 ,conf9em5t to dry food = a day or two1 & a gradual return to x1 (t5 suffices1 9 ! case ( gr[n %eep4 ,) lambs1 especially if attack$ 9 ! fall1 ! disease is m s]i\s4 ,if ! purg+ is sev]e1 & especially if any mucus is obs]v$ ) ! faeces1 ! fecul5t matt] %\ld be remov$ f ! b[els by a g5tle ca?>tic2 half a dra*m ( rhub>b1 or an ounce ( l9se$ oil1 or half an ounce ( ,epsom salts to a lamb4 ,?is %\ld be foll[$ by an a/r+5t2 &1 9 n9e cases out ( t51 ! latt] w s]ve 9 ! fir/ in/ance4 ,give "o qu>t] ( an ounce ( prep>$ *alk 9 half a p9t ( tepid milk1 once a day = two or ?ree days2 at ! end ( :i*1 & frequ5tly aft] ! fir/ dose1 ! purg+ w h ord9>ily abat$1 or entirely ceas$4 ,%eep's cordial is also a safe & excell5t rem$y--9 sev]e cases1 bett] ?an simple *alk & milk4 ,take ( prep>$ *alk1 "o ounce2 p[d]$ cate*u1 half an ounce2 p[d]$ ,jamaica g+]1 two dra*ms2 & p[d]$ opium1 half a dra*m2 mix ) half a p9t ( pepp]m9t wat]2 give two or ?ree table-spoonfuls morn+ & night to a gr[n %eep1 & half t quantity to a lamb4 ,,disease ,,( ,,! ,,biflex ,,canal4 ,f ! introduction ( =eign bodies into ! biflex canal1 or f o!r causes1 x occasionally becomes ! seat ( inflammation4 ,?is canal is a small orifice1 op5+ ext]nally on ! po9t ( ea* pa/]n1 imm$iately above ! cleft betwe5 ! toes4 ,x bifurcates )91 a tube pass+ d[n on ea* side ( ! inn] face ( ! pa/]n1 w9d+ r\nd & end+ 9 a cul de sac4 ,inflammation ( ?is canal causes an enl>gem5t & r$ness ( ! pa/]n1 p>ticul>ly ab\t ! ext]nal orifice ( ! canal4 ,! toes are ?r[n wide ap>t by ! tumor4 ,x r>ely attacks m ?an "o foot1 & %\ld n be all[$ to proce$ to ! po9t ( ulc]ation :i* x w d1 if neglect$4 ,!re is none ( t sor5ess & disorganization betwe5 ! back "p ( ! toes1 & none ( t peculi> fetor :i* di/+ui%es ! ho(-ail1 ) :i* disease x is sometimes conf\nd$4 ,treatm5t4 ,sc>ify ! coronet1 mak+ "o or two deep] incisions 9 ! pr9cipal swell+ ar\nd ! m\? ( ! canal2 & cov] ! foot ) t>4 ,,dys5t]y4 ,?is is occasion$ by an inflammation ( ! muc\s or inn] coat ( ! l>g] inte/9es1 caus+ a pret]natural increase 9 _! secretions1 & a morbid alt]ation 9 _! "*4 ,x is frequ5tly consequ5t on t =m ( di>rhoea1 :i* is caus$ by an inflammation ( ! muc\s coat ( ! small] inte/9es4 ,! inflammation ext5ds ?r\gh\t ! :ole alim5t>y canal1 increases 9 virul5ce1 & becomes dys5t]y1 a disease frequ5tly dang]\s & ob/9ate 9 its "*1 b1 =tunately1 n common among %eep1 g5]ally1 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,its diagnosis diff]s f t ( di>rhoea1 9 sev]al readily obs]v$ p>ticul>s4 ,!re is evid5t fev]2 ! appetite is caprici\s1 commonly v feeble2 ! /ools are z ?9 z 9 di>rhoea1 or ev5 ?9n]1 b mu* m adhesive1 9 consequ5ce ( ! pres5ce ( l>ge quantities ( mucus4 ,z ! erosion ( ! inte/9es advances1 ! faeces are t+$ ) blood2 _! odor is intol]ably (f5sive2 & ! animal rapidly wa/es away1 ! c\rse ( ! disease ext5d+ f a few days to sev]al weeks4 ,treatm5t4 ,mod]ate ble$+ %\ld be resort$ to1 9 ! fir/ or inflammatory %ape1 or :5ev] decid$ febrile symptoms are f\nd to be pres5t4 ,two doses ( physic hav+ be5 adm9i/]$1 a/r+5ts are s]viceable4 ,! %eep's cordial1 already describ$1 is z good z any2 & to ?is1 tonics may soon beg9 to be add$2 an additional quantity ( g+] may ent] into ! composition ( ! cordial1 & g5tian p[d] w be an useful auxili>y4 ,) ?is1 z an excell5t /imulus to cause ! sph9ct] ( ! anus to contract1 & also ! m\?s ( ! innum]able secretory & exhal5t vessels op5+ on ! inn] surface ( ! inte/9es1 a half gra9 ( /ry*n9e may be comb9$4 ,small] doses %\ld be giv5 = ?ree or f\r days4 ,,flies4 ,! prop] treatm5t1 ^u ! appe>ance ( flies or maggots1 has already be5 detail$ "u ! head ( ,,fe$+ ,,& ,,managem5t1 to :i* ! read] is ref]r$4 ,,f\ls4 ,%eep are mu* less subject to ?is disease ?an cattle are2 b enc\nt] x1 if kept 9 wet1 fil?y y>ds1 or on moi/1 poa*y gr\nd4 ,x is an irritation ( ! integum5t 9 ! cleft ( ! foot1 slightly resembl+ incipi5t ho(-ail1 & produc+ lam5ess4 ,x occasions1 h[ev]1 no s]i\s /ructural disorganization1 disappe>s )\t treatm5t1 is n contagi\s1 & appe>s 9 ! wet wea!r ( spr+ & fall1 in/ead ( 9 ! dry1 hot p]iod ( summ]1 :5 ! ho(-ail rages mo/4 ,a little solution ( blue vitriol1 or a little spirits ( turp5t9e--ei!r foll[$ by a coat+ ( w>m t>--promptly cures x4 ,= f\l noses1 dip a small swab 9 t>1 !n roll x 9 salt2 put "s on ! nose1 & compel ! %eep to swall[ a small quantity4 ,,fractures4 ,if !re be no w\nd ( ! s(t p>ts1 ! bone simply be+ brok51 ! treatm5t is extremely easy4 ,apply a piece ( wet lea!r1 tak+ c>e to ease ! limb :5 swell+ sup]v5es4 ,:5 ! swell+ is consid]able1 & fev] pres5t1 ! be/ c\rse is to op5 a ve9 ( ! head or neck1 all[+ a quantity ( blood to escape1 proportion$ to ! size & condition ( ! animal1 & ! urg5cy ( ! symptoms4 ,purgatives 9 su* cases %\ld nev] be neglect$4 ,epsom salts1 9 ounce doses1 giv5 ei!r z a gruel or a dr5*1 w be f\nd to answ] ! purpose well4 ,if ! brok5 bones are kept /eady1 ! cure w be complete 9 f ?ree to f\r weeks1 ! process ( reunion always proce$+ fa/] 9 a "y ?an 9 an old %eep4 ,%\ld ! s(t p>ts be injur$ to any ext5t1 or ! ends ( ! bone protrude1 recov]y is v unc]ta92 & x w become a "q :e!r x w\ld n be bett] to conv]t ! animal at once into mutton4 ,,g>get4 ,?is is an inflammation ( ! udd]1 sometimes kn[n z cak$ bag1 ) or )\t g5]al inflammation4 ,:]e x is simply an inflammation ( ! udd]1 x is usually caus$ by too great an accumulation ( milk 9 ! latt] prior to lamb+1 or 9 consequ5ce ( ! dea? ( ! lamb4 ,treatm5t4 ,draw+ ! milk p>tly f ! bag1 s t ! hungry lamb w butt & "w at x an unusual "t 9 pursuit ( its food1 & ba?+ x a few times 9 cold wat]1 usually suffices4 ,if ! lamb is dead1 ! milk %\ld be drawn a few times1 at increas+ int]vals1 wa%+ ! udd] = "s "t 9 cold wat] at ea* milk+4 ,9 cases ( obdurate induration1 ! udd] %\ld be ano9t$ ) iod9e o9tm5t4 ,if !re is g5]al fev] 9 ! sy/em1 an ounce ( ,epsom salts may be giv54 ,if suppuration =ms1 ! "p affect$ %\ld be op5$ ) ! lancet4 ,,goitre4 ,! swell$ neck 9 lambs is1 l ! goitre1 or bron*ocele1 an enl>gem5t ( ! ?yroid gl&s1 & is /rik+ly analog\s to t disease1 if n id5tical ) x4 ,x is cong5ital4 ,! gl&s at bir? are f ! size ( a pigeon's egg to t ( a h5's egg1 ?\gh m elongat$ & flatt5$ ?an an egg 9 _! =m4 ,! lamb is exce$+ly feeble1 & (t5 p]i%es almo/ )\t an ef=t to suck4 ,_m ev5 make no ef=t to rise1 & die z soon z !y are dropp$4 ,x is r>e1 inde$1 t "o lives4 ,a consid]able numb] ( lambs annually p]i% f ?is disease1 :i* does n appe> to be an epizooetic1 ?\gh x is m preval5t 9 "s seasons ?an 9 o!rs4 ,x does n seem to dep5d ^u ! wat]1 or any o!r natural circum/ances ( a region1 z goitre is g5]ally suppos$ to1 s9ce x may n prevail 9 ! same flock1 or on ! same f>m1 once 9 t5 ye>s2 nor c x be readily trac$ to any p>ticul> k9d ( food4 ,:5 x does appe>1 h[ev]1 its attacks are r>ely isolat$2 f :i* circum/ance "s h inf]r$ t x is induc$ by "s local or elim5t>y cause4 ,losses f ?is disease h rang$ f t5 p] c5t4 to tw5ty1 ?irty1 & ev5 fifty p] c5t4 ( ! :ole numb] ( lambs4 ,possibly1 high condition 9 ! ewes may be "o ( ! induc+ causes4 ,treatm5t4 ,none is kn[n :i* w rea* ! case4 ,%\ld "o hav+ ! disease *ance to live1 x w\ld sc>cely be wor? :ile to attempt r$uc+ ! entanglem5t ( ! gl&s4 ,p]haps keep+ ! bre$+-ewes uni=mly 9 fair1 plump1 b n high condition1 w\ld be z effectual a prev5tive z any4 ,,grub ,,9 ,,! ,,head4 ,:at is popul>ly kn[n z ! grub is ! l>va ( ! oe/rus oris1 or gad-fly ( ! %eep4 ,x is compos$ ( five r+s2 is tig]-color$ on ! back & belly1 spr9kl$ ) spots & pat*es ( br[n2 its w+s are /rip$4 ,! %eep gad-fly is l$ by in/9ct to deposit its eggs )9 ! no/rils ( ! %eep4 ,its attempts to d ?is--mo/ common 9 ,july1 ,augu/1 & ,septemb]--are always indicat$ by ! %eep1 :i* collect 9 close clumps1 ) _! heads inw>d1 & _! noses ?ru/ close to ! gr\nd1 & into x1 if any loose dirt or s& is )9 rea*4 ,if ! fly succe$s 9 deposit+ its egg1 ! latt] is imm$iately hat*$ by ! w>m? & moi/ure ( ! "p1 & ! "y grubs1 or l>vae1 crawl up ! nose1 f9d+ _! devi\s way to ! s9uses1 :]e1 by means ( _! t5taculae1 or feel]s1 !y atta* !mselves to ! muc\s membrane l9+ ^? cavities4 ,dur+ ! asc5t ( ! l>vae1 ! %eep /amps1 tosses its head viol5tly1 & (t5 da%es away f its companions wildly ov] ! field4 ,! l>vae rema9 on ! s9uses1 fe$+ on ! mucus secret$ by ! membrane1 & app>5tly creat+ no fur!r annoyance1 until ready to assume _! pupa =m 9 ! succe$+ spr+4 ,hav+ rema9$ 9 ! s9uses dur+ ! fall & w9t]1 !y ab&on !m z ! w>m wea!r approa*es 9 ! latt] "p ( spr+4 ,!y crawl d[n ! nose1 creat+ ev5 great] irritation & excitem5t ?an :5 !y orig9ally asc5d$1 drop on ! gr\nd1 & rapidly burr[ into x4 ,9 a few h\rs1 ! sk9 ( ! l>vae has contract$1 become ( a d>k-br[n color1 & x has assum$ ! =m ( *rysalis4 ,?is fly nev] eats2 ! male1 aft] impregnat+ two or ?ree females1 dies2 & ! latt]1 hav+ deposit$ _! ova 9 ! no/rils ( ! %eep1 also soon p]i%4 ,! l>vae 9 ! heads ( %eep may1 & probably d1 add to ! irritation ( ^? inflammatory diseases1 su* z cat>rh1 :i* attack ! membran\s l9+ ( ! nasal cavities2 & !y are a p[]ful s\rce ( mom5t>y irritation 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 :5 asc5d+ to1 & desc5d+ f1 _! lodg+-place 9 ! head4 ,b 9 ! int]val betwe5 ^! ev5ts1 ext5d+ ov] a p]iod ( sev]al mon?s1 n a movem5t ( ! %eep indicates ! lea/ annoyance at _! pres5ce4 ,!y are1 moreov]1 f\nd 9 ! heads ( ne>ly all %eep1 ! heal?y z well z ! diseas$1 at ! prop] season4 ,treatm5t4 ,?\gh ! pres5ce ( ! grub con/itutes no disease1 "s ?9k x well to dim9i% _! numb] by all conv5i5t means4 ,"o simple way ( effect+ ?is is1 by turn+ up ) a pl\gh a furr[ ( e>? 9 ! %eep-pa/ure1 into :i* ! %eep w ?ru/ _! noses on ! approa* ( ! oe/rus1 & ?us _m ( !m escape its attacks4 ,"s f>m]s sme> ! noses ( _! %eep occasionally ,) t>1 ! odor ( :i* is believ$ to repel ! fly4 ,ano!r plan1 deem$ efficaci\s 9 dislodg+ ! l>vae f ! s9uses1 is z foll[s3 ,take half a p\nd ( good ,scot* snuff1 & two qu>ts ( boil+ wat]2 /ir1 & let x /& till cold4 ,inject ab\t a table-spoonful ( ?is liquid & s$im5t up ea* no/ril1 ) a syr+e2 repeat ?is ?ree or f\r times1 at int]vals1 f ! middle ( ,octob] till ,janu>y4 ,! efficacy ( ! snuff w be increas$ by add+ half an ounce ( asafoetida1 p\nd$ 9 a little wat]4 ,! effects on ! %eep are imm$iate pro/ration & app>5t dea?2 b !y w soon recov]4 ,a decoction ( tobacco af=ds a sub/itute = snuff2 & "s recomm5d bl[+ tobacco smoke ?r\gh ! tail ( a pipe into ea* no/ril4 ,,ho(-,,ail4 ,! fir/ symptom ( ?is tr\blesome malady1 kn[n1 likewise1 z foot-ail1 :i* is ord9>ily notic$1 is a lam5ess ( "o or bo? ( ! =e-feet4 ,on daily exam9+1 h[ev]1 ! feet ( a flock :i* h ! disease among !m1 x w readily be se5 t ! lesions manife/ !mselves = sev]al days be=e !y are foll[$ ) lam5ess4 ,! horny cov]+ ( ! %eep's foot ext5ds up1 gradually ?9n+ out1 "s way betwe5 ! toes & divisions ( ! ho(1 & above ^! horny walls ! cleft is l9$ ) sk94 ,:5 ! po9ts ( ! toes are spread ap>t1 ?is sk9 is %[n 9 front1 cov]$ ) %ort1 s(t hair4 ,! back "p ( ! toes1 or ! heels1 c be sep>at$ only to a little di/ance1 & ! sk9 9 ! cleft above !m is nak$4 ,9 a heal?y foot1 ! sk9 ?r\gh\t ! :ole cleft is z firm1 dry1 & un]od$ z on any o!r "p ( ! animal4 ,! fir/ symptom ( ho(-ail is a slight erosion1 accompani$ ) inflammation & heat ( ! nak$ sk9 9 ! back p>ts ( ! clefts1 imm$iately above ! heels4 ,! sk9 assumes a mac]at$ appe>ance1 & is kept moi/ by ! pres5ce ( a sani\s dis*>ge f ! ulc]at$ surface4 ,z ! inflammation ext5ds1 ! friction ( ! p>ts causes pa91 & ! %eep limps4 ,at ?is /age1 ! foot1 ext]nally1 9 a great majority ( cases1 exhibits n ! lea/ trace ( disease1 ) ! exception ( a slight r$ness1 & sometimes ! appe>ance ( a small sore at ! upp] edge ( ! cleft1 :5 view$ f beh9d4 ,! ulc]ation ( ! surface rapidly ext5ds4 ,! ?9 upp] edges ( ! inn] walls ( ! ho( are disorganiz$1 & an ulc]ation is e/abli%$ betwe5 ! ho( & ! fle%y sole4 ,a purul5t fetid matt] is dis*>g$ f ! cavity4 ,! ext5t ( ! sep>ation increases daily1 & ! ulc]s also =m s9uses deep into ! fle%y sole4 ,! bottom ( ! ho( disappe>s1 eat5 away by ! acrid matt]1 & ! out] walls1 entirely sep>at$ f ! fle%1 hang only by _! atta*m5ts at ! coronet4 ,! :ole fle%y sole is n[ entirely disorganiz$1 & ! entire foot is a mass ( black1 putrid ulc]ation2 or1 z m commonly happ5s1 ! fly has /ruck x1 & a d5se mass ( wri?+ maggots cov] ! surface1 & burr[ 9 e cavity4 ,! =e-feet are g5]ally fir/ attack$2 &1 mo/ usually b "o ( !m4 ,! animal at fir/ manife/s b little con/itutional di/urbance1 & eats z usual4 ,by ! "t t any consid]able disorganization ( ! /ructures has tak5 place 9 ! fir/ foot1 & sometimes soon]1 ! o!r =efoot is attack$4 ,t becom+ z lame z ! fir/1 ! mis]able animal seeks its food on its knees2 &1 if =c$ to rise1 its /range1 hobbl+ gait betrays ! int5se agony occasion$ by br++ its feet 9 contact ) ! gr\nd4 ,!re is a b>e spot "u ! brisket1 ( ! size ( a man's h&1 :i* looks r$ & inflam$4 ,!re is a degree ( g5]al fev]1 & ! appetite is dull4 ,! animal rapidly loses condition4 ,! appe>ance ( ! maggot soon closes ! sc5e4 ,:]e ! rott5 foot is br\ght 9 contact ) ! side1 9 ly+ d[n1 ! fil?y1 ulc]\s matt] adh]es to1 & saturates ! %ort wool--x be+ b a mon? & a half1 or two mon?s1 aft] %e>+--& maggots are ei!r c>ri$ !re by ! foot1 or !y are soon g5]at$ !re4 ,a black cru/ is spe$ily =m$ r\nd ! spot1 :i* is ! decomposition ( ! surr\nd+ /ructures2 & innum]able maggots are at "w bel[1 burr[+ into ! integum5ts & muscles1 & eat+ up ! wret*$ animal alive4 ,! black1 fe/]+ mass rapidly spreads1 & ! poor suff]] p]i%es1 app>5tly 9 tortures ! mo/ excruciat+4 ,sometimes b "o =efoot is attack$1 & subsequ5tly "o or bo? h9d ones4 ,!re is no uni=mity 9 ?is p>ticul>2 & x is a s+ul> fact t1 :5 two or ev5 ?ree ( ! feet are dreadfully diseas$1 ! f\r? may be entirely s\nd4 ,s1 also1 "o foot may be cur$1 :ile e o!r "o is labor+ "u ! malady4 ,! highly (f5sive odor ( ! ulc]at$ feet is s peculi> t x is /rictly *>act]i/ic ( ! disease1 & w\ld reveal its "*1 to "o famili> ) x1 9 ! d>ke/ night4 ,ho(-ail is probably propagat$ 9 ?is c\ntry exclusively by inoculation--! contact ( ! matt] ( a diseas$ foot ) ! integum5ts l9+ ! bifurcation ( a heal?y foot4 ,t x is propagat$ 9 "s ( ! ways class$ "u ! ord9>y designation ( contagion1 is c]ta94 ,t x may be propagat$ by inoculation1 has be5 e/abli%$ by exp]im5t4 ,! matt] ( diseas$ feet has be5 plac$ on ! sk9 l9+ ! cleft ( a heal?y foot "u a v>iety ( circum/ances--sometimes :5 t sk9 is 9 its ord9>y & natural /ate1 sometimes aft] a v slight scorification1 sometimes :5 mac]at$ by moi/ure2 & "u ea* ( ^! circum/ances ! disease has be5 communicat$4 ,! same inf]5ce may be drawn1 also1 f ! mann] 9 :i* ! disease attacks flocks4 ,! :ole1 or any consid]able numb]1 ?\gh sometimes rapidly1 are nev] simultane\sly attack$1 z w\ld be expect$1 among animals s greg>i\s1 if ! disease c\ld be transmitt$ by simple contact1 inhal+ ! brea?1 or o!r effluvium4 ,! matt] ( diseas$ feet is left on grass1 /raw1 & o!r sub/ances1 & ?us is br\ght 9 contact ) ! inn] surfaces ( heal?y feet4 ,%eep1 !re=e1 contract ! disease f be+ driv5 ov] ! pa/ures1 y>d$ on ! /raw1 etc41 :]e diseas$ %eep h be51 p]haps ev5 days1 be=e4 ,! matt] w\ld probably cont9ue to inoculate1 until dri$ up by ! air & heat1 or wa%$ away by ! ra9s4 ,! /iff1 upright /ems ( closely m[n grass1 z on mead[s1 are almo/ z well calculat$ to receive ! matt] ( diseas$ feet1 & deposit x 9 ! clefts ( heal?y ones1 z any means :i* c\ld be artificially devis$4 ,x is n entirely safe to drive heal?y %eep ov] roads1 & especially into wa%+-y>ds1 or %eep h\ses1 :]e diseas$ %eep h be51 until ra9 has fall51 or suffici5t "t has elaps$ = ! matt] to dry up4 ,on ! moi/ bottom ( a wa%+-y>d1 & p>ticul>ly 9 h\ses or %$s1 kept f sun & w9d & ra91 ?is matt] might be pres]v$ = "s "t 9 a condition to inoculate4 ,:5 ! disease has be5 well kept "u dur+ ! fir/ season ( its attack1 b n entirely eradicat$1 x w almo/ or entirely disappe> z cold wea!r approa*es1 & x does n manife/ itself until ! w>m wea!r ( ! succe$+ summ]4 ,x !n assumes a mitigat$ =m2 ! %eep are n rapidly & simultane\sly attack$2 !re seems to be less inflammatory action con/itutionally1 & 9 ! diseas$ p>ts2 ! c\rse ( ! disease is less malignant & m t>dy1 & x m readily yields to treatm5t4 ,if well kept "u ! second summ]1 x is /ill mild] ! ?ird4 ,a %eep w occasionally be se5 to limp2 b its condition w sc>cely be affect$1 & dang]\s symptoms w r>ely sup]v5e4 ,"o or two applications made dur+ ! summ]1 9 a mann] pres5tly to be describ$1 w suffice to keep ! disease "u4 ,at ?is po9t1 a little vigor 9 ! treatm5t w rapidly ext+ui% ! disease4 ,treatm5t4 ,! prep>ation ( ! foot1 :]e any sep>ate individual treatm5t is resolv$ ^u1 is always necess>y1 at lea/ 9 bad cases4 ,%eep %\ld be y>d$ = ! op]ation imm$iately aft] a ra91 if practicable1 z ! ho(s c !n be readily cut4 ,9 a dry "t1 & aft] a night :i* left no dew ^u ! grass1 _! ho(s are almo/ z t\gh z horn4 ,!y mu/ be driv5 ?r\gh no mud1 or s(t dung1 on _! way to ! y>d1 :i* w\ld d\ble ! labor ( clean+ _! feet4 ,! y>d %\ld be small1 s t !y c be easily caught1 & x mu/ be kept well litt]$ d[n1 to prev5t _! fill+ _! feet ) _! own excrem5t4 ,if ! /raw is wett$1 _! ho(s w n1 ( c\rse1 dry & h>d5 z rapidly z 9 dry /raw4 ,if ! y>d c\ld be built ov] a %all[1 gravelly-bottom$ brook1 x w\ld be an admirable arrangem5t2 = ?is purpose1 a portion ( any little brook might be prep>$1 by plank+ ! bottom1 & wid5+ x1 if desirable4 ,by su* means ! ho(s w\ld be kept s s(t t ! greate/ & mo/ unpleasant "p ( ! labor1 z ord9>ily p]=m$1 w\ld be 9 a great measure sav$1 & !y w\ld be kept free f t dung :i*1 by any o!r arrangem5t1 w1 m or less1 get into _! clefts4 ,! pr9cipal op]ator seats himself on a *air1 hav+ )9 8 rea* a c\ple ( good knives1 a :et/one1 ! p[]ful toe-nipp]s already describ$1 a bucket ( wat] ) a c\ple ( l95 rags 9 x1 toge!r ) su* m$ic9es z may be deem$ necess>y4 ,! assi/ant cat*es a %eep & lays x p>tly on its back & rump1 betwe5 ! legs ( ! =eman1 ! head com+ up ab\t to 8 middle4 ,! assi/ant !n kneels on "s /raw1 or seats himself on a l[ /ool at ! h9d] extremity ( ! %eep4 ,if ! ho(s are long1 & especially if !y are dry & t\gh1 ! assi/ant pres5ts ea* foot to ! op]ator :o %ort5s ! ho( ) ! toe-nipp]s4 ,if !re is any fil? betwe5 ! toes1 ea* man takes 8 rag f ! bucket ( wat]1 & draws x betwe5 ! toes1 & r9ses x1 until ! fil? is remov$4 ,ea* !n takes a knife1 & ! process ( p>+ away ! horn comm5ces1 ^u ! effectual p]=mance ( :i* all else dep5ds4 ,a glance at ! foot w %[ :e!r x is ! seat ( ! diseas$ action4 ,! lea/ exp]i5ce _c fail 9 prop]ly settl+ ?is "q4 ,an exp]i5c$ f+]1 ev51 plac$ ^u ! back ( ! pa/]n close above ! heel1 w at once detect ! local inflammation1 9 ! d>k1 by its heat4 ,if ! disease is 9 ! fir/ /age--t is1 if !re are m]ely erosion & ulc]ation ( ! cuticle & fle% 9 ! cleft above ! walls ( ! ho(--no p>+ is necess>y4 ,b if ulc]ation has e/abli%$ itself betwe5 ! ho( & ! fle%y sole1 ! ulc]at$ p>ts1 h[ev] ext5sive1 mu/ be entirely /ripp$ ( _! horny cov]+1 no matt] :at am\nt ( "t & c>e x may require4 ,x is bett] n to w\nd ! sole s z to cause x to ble$ freely1 z ! runn+ blood w wa% (f ! subsequ5t application2 b no fe> ( w\nd+ ! sole mu/ prev5t a full compliance ) ! rule laid d[n above4 ,at ! wor/1 ! blood w /op fl[+ aft] a little :ile1 dur+ :i* "t no application ne$s to be made to ! foot4 ,if ! foot is 9 ! ?ird /age--a mass ( rott5ness1 & fill$ ) maggots--p\r1 9 ! fir/ place1 a little spirits ( turp5t9e--a bottle ( :i*1 ) a quill ?r\gh ! cork1 %\ld be always ready--on ! maggots1 & mo/ ( !m w imm$iately decamp1 & ! o!rs c be remov$ ) a probe or small /ick4 ,!n remove e p>ticle ( loose horn1 ?\gh x %\ld take ! entire ho(1 z x g5]ally w 9 su* cases4 ,! foot %\ld next be cleans$ ) a solution ( *loride ( lime1 9 ! proportion ( "o p\nd ( *loride to "o gallon ( wat]4 ,if ?is is n at h&1 plung+ ! foot repeat$ly 9 hot wat]1 j %ort ( scald+ hot1 w answ] e purpose4 ,! great object is to clean ! foot ?or\ghly4 ,if !re is any consid]able pr\d fle%1 x %\ld be remov$ ) a pair ( scissors1 or by ! actual caut]y--hot iron4 ,! foll[+ are "s ( ! mo/ popul> rem$ies3 ,take two ounces ( blue vitriol & two ounces ( v]digris1 to a junk-bottle ( w9e2 or spirits ( turp5t9e1 t>1 & v]digris 9 equal p>ts2 or ?ree qu>ts ( alcohol1 "o p9t ( spirits ( turp5t9e1 "o p9t ( /rong v9eg>1 "o p\nd ( blue vitriol1 "o p\nd ( copp]as1 "o & a half p\nds ( v]digris1 "o p\nd ( alum1 & "o p\nd ( saltpetre1 p\nd$ f9e2 mix 9 a close bottle1 %ake e day1 & let x /& six or eight days be=e us+2 also mix two p\nds ( honey & two qu>ts ( t>1 :i* mu/ be appli$ aft] ! prec$+ comp\nd4 ,or apply dilut$ aqua=tis--nitric acid--) a fea!r to ! ulc]at$ surface2 or dilut$ oil ( vitriol--sulphuric acid--9 ! same way2 or ! same ( muriatic acid2 or dip ! foot 9 t> ne>ly at ! boil+ po9t4 ,9 ! fir/ & second /ages ( ! disease1 be=e ! ulc]s h =m$ s9uses into ! sole1 & :olly or p>tly de/roy$ its /ructure1 ! be/ application is a saturat$ solution ( blue vitriol--sulphate ( copp]4 ,9 ! ?ird /age1 :5 ! foot is a fe/]+ mass ( corruption1 aft] x has be5 cleans$ z already direct$1 x requires "s /rong cau/ic to remove ! unheal?y granulations--! dead muscul> /ructures--& to re/ore heal?y action4 ,lun> cau/ic1 :i* is pref]able to any o!r application1 is too exp5sive2 *loride ( antimony is excell5t1 b frequ5tly unatta9able 9 ! c\ntry drug-/ores2 & muriatic acid1 or ev5 nitric or sulphuric acids1 may be us$ in/ead4 ,! diseas$ surface is t\*$ ) ! cau/ic1 appli$ ) a swab1 =m$ by fa/5+ a little t[ on ! end ( a /ick1 until ! objects above po9t$ out are atta9$4 ,! foot is !n treat$ ) ! solution ( blue vitriol1 & subsequ5tly coat$ ov] ) t> :i* has be5 boil$1 & is prop]ly cool$1 = ! purpose ( protect+ ! raw w\nd f dirt1 flies1 etc4 ,%eep 9 ?is /age ( ! disease %\ld c]ta9ly be sep>at$ f ! ma9 flock1 & look$ to z (t5 z once 9 ?ree days4 ,) ?is degree ( att5tion1 _! cure w be rapid1 & ! oblit]at$ /ructures ( ! foot w be re/or$ ) a/oni%+ rapidity4 ,! common me?od ( us+ ! solution ( blue vitriol is to p\r x f a bottle ) a quill 9 ! cork1 into ! foot1 :5 ! animal lies on its back betwe5 ! op]ators1 z already describ$4 ,9 ?is way a few c5ts' wor? ( vitriol w answ] = a l>ge numb] ( %eep4 ,! me?od is1 h[ev]1 imp]fect2 s9ce1 )\t extraord9>y c>e1 !re w almo/ always be "s slight ulc]ations n uncov]$ by ! knife1 :i* ! solution w n rea*1 ! passages to !m be+ devi\s1 & p]haps ne>ly or q clos$4 ,! disease w ?us be only tempor>ily suppress$1 n cur$4 ,a flock ( %eep :i* 7 9 ! second season ( ! disease1 _h be5 b little look$ to dur+ ! summ]1 & z cold wea!r set 91 _m ( !m became consid]ably lame1 & "s ( !m q s4 ,_! feet 7 ?or\ghly p>$2 & into a l>ge wa%+-tub1 9 :i* two %eep c\ld conv5i5tly /&1 a saturat$ solution ( blue vitriol & wat]1 z hot z c\ld be endur$ by ! h& ev5 = a mom5t1 0 p\r$4 ,! liquid 0 ab\t f\r in*es deep on ! bottom ( ! tub1 & 0 kept at t dep? by frequ5t additions ( hot solution4 ,z soon z a %eep's feet 7 p>$1 x 0 plac$ 9 ! tub1 & held !re by ! neck4 ,a second "o 0 !n prep>$1 & plac$ beside x2 :5 ! ?ird 0 ready1 ! fir/ 0 tak5 out2 & s on4 ,two %eep 7 ?us con/antly 9 ! tub1 ea* rema9+ "s five m9utes4 ,! cure 0 p]fect2 !re 0 n a lame %eep 9 ! flock dur+ ! w9t] or ! next summ]4 ,! hot liquid p5etrat$ to e cavity ( ! foot2 & d\btless _h a f> m decisive effect1 ev5 on ! uncov]$ ulc]s1 ?an w\ld h be5 produc$ by m]ely wett+ !m4 ,! exp5se att5d+ ! op]ation 0 ab\t f\r c5ts p] %eep4 ,?ree su* applications1 at int]vals ( a week1 w\ld effectually cure ! disease1 s9ce e new case w\ld ?us be arre/$ & cur$ be=e x w\ld h "t to inoculate o!rs4 ,x w\ld1 und\bt$ly1 accompli% ?is at any "t ( ye>1 & ev5 dur+ ! fir/ & mo/ malignant preval5ce ( ! contagion1 provid$ ! p>+ 0 suffici5tly ?or\gh4 ,! second & ?ird p>+s w\ld be a m]e trifle2 & ! liquid left at ! fir/ & second applications c\ld aga9 be us$4 ,?us %eep c\ld be cur$ at ab\t twelve c5ts p] head1 :i* is mu* *eap]1 9 ! long run1 ?an any ord9>y temporiz+ me?od1 :]e ! co/ ( a few p\nds ( blue vitriol is c\nt$1 b n ! "t consum$2 & ! disease is ?us kept l+]+ 9 ! flock = ye>s4 ,"s ,nor!rn f>m]s drive _! %eep ov] du/y roads z a rem$y = ?is disease2 & 9 cases ( ord9>y virul5ce1 especially :]e ! disease is *ronic1 x seems to dry up ! ulc]s1 & keep ! malady "u4 ,%eep are also sometimes cur$ by keep+ !m on a dry surface1 & driv+ !m ov] a b>n-floor daily1 :i* is well cov]$ ) quick-lime4 ,x may sometimes1 & "u peculi> circum/ances1 be cur$ by dryness1 & repeat$ wa%+ ) soap-suds4 ,_m f>m]s select ra9y wea!r z ! "t = doctor+ _! %eep4 ,_! feet are !n s(t1 & x is !re=e on all acc\nts good economy1 :5 ! feet are to be p>$1 & ea* sep>ately treat$1 provid$ !y c be kept 9 %eep-h\ses1 or "u %elt]s ( any k9d1 until ! ra9 is ov]1 & ! grass aga9 dry4 ,if imm$iately let out 9 wet grass ( any l5g?1 ! vitriol or o!r application is measurably wa%$ away4 ,?is is avoid$ by _m1 by dipp+ ! feet 9 m t>--an admirable plan "u su* circum/ances4 ,a flock ( %eep :i* h be5 cur$ ( ! ho(-ail1 is consid]$ m valuable ?an "o :i* has nev] _h x4 ,!y are f> less liable to contract ! disease f any casual exposure2 & its ravages are f> less viol5t & g5]al among !m4 ,?is ailm5t %\ld n be conf\nd$ ) a tempor>y sor5ess1 or inflammation ( ! ho(1 occasion$ by ! irritation f ! long1 r\gh grasses :i* ab\nd 9 l[ situations1 :i* is remov$ ) ! cause2 or1 if x cont9ues1 :ite pa9t or t> may be appli$1 aft] a ?or\gh wa%+4 ,,hoove4 ,?is is n common1 to any dang]\s degree1 among %eep2 b1 if turn$ ^u clov] :5 _! /oma*s are empty1 x w sometimes ensue4 ,hoove is a di/5sion ( ! paun* by gas extricat$ f ! f]m5tation ( its vegetable cont5ts1 & evolv$ m rapidly1 or 9 l>g] quantities1 ?an c be neutraliz$ by ! natural alkal9e secretions ( ! /oma*4 ,:5 ! di/5tion is great1 ! blood is prev5t$ f circulat+ 9 ! vessels ( ! rum51 & is det]m9$ to ! head4 ,! diaphragm is me*anically ob/ruct$ f mak+ its ord9>y contractions1 & respiration1 !re=e1 becomes difficult & imp]fect4 ,dea?1 9 su* cases1 soon sup]v5es4 ,treatm5t4 ,9 ord9>y cases1 g5tle b prolong$ driv+ w effect a cure4 ,:5 ! animal appe>s swell$ almo/ to bur/+1 & is dis9cl9$ to move1 x is bett] to op5 ! paun* at once4 ,at ! mo/ protrub]ant po9t ( ! swell+1 on ! left side1 a little bel[ ! hip bone1 plunge a tro*> or knife1 %>p at ! po9t & dull on ! edge1 into ! /oma*4 ,! gas w rapidly escape1 c>ry+ ) x "s ( ! liquid & solid cont5ts ( ! /oma*4 ,if no measures are tak5 to prev5t x1 ! p]i/altic motion1 z well z ! collapse ( ! /oma*1 w soon cause ! orifices ?r\gh ! abdom5 & paun* n to co9cide1 & ?us portions ( ! cont5ts ( ! =m] w escape into ! cavity ( ! latt]4 ,h[ev] p]fect ! cure ( hoove1 ^! sub/ances 9 ! belly w ultimately produce fatal irritation4 ,to prev5t ?is1 a canula1 or little tube1 %\ld be ins]t$ ?r\gh bo? orifices z soon z ! puncture is made4 ,:]e ! case is n imm95t1 alkalies h sometimes be5 successfully adm9i/]$1 :i* comb9e ) ! c>bonic acid gas1 & ?us at once r$uce its volume4 ,a flexible probang1 or 9 default ( x1 a rattan1 or grape-v9e1 ) a knot on ! end1 may be g5tly =c$ d[n ! gullet1 & ! gas ?us p]mitt$ to escape4 ,,hydatid ,,on ,,! ,,bra94 ,! symptoms ( ?is disease1 kn[n z turnsick1 /urdy1 /agg]s1 wat] 9 ! head1 etc41 are a dull1 mop+ appe>ance1 ! %eep sep>at+ f ! flock1 a w&]+ & blue appe>ance ( ! eye1 & sometimes p>tial or total bl9dness2 ! %eep appe>s un/eady 9 its walk1 w sometimes /op sudd5ly & fall d[n1 at o!rs gallop across ! field1 &1 aft] ! disease has exi/$ = "s "t1 w almo/ con/antly move r\nd 9 a circle--!re seems1 inde$1 to be an ab]ration ( ! intellect ( ! animal4 ,^! symptoms1 ?\gh r>ely all pres5t 9 ! same subject1 are yet suffici5tly m>k$ to prev5t any mi/ake z to ! nature ( ! disease4 ,on exam9+ ! bra9 ( %eep ?us affect$1 :at appe>s to be a wat]y bladd]1 call$ a hydatid1 is f\nd1 :i* may be ei!r small or ( ! size ( a h5's egg4 ,?is hydatid1 "o ( ! class ( entozoo5s1 has be5 t]m$ by naturali/s ! hydatis polycephalus c]ebralis1 or _m-head$ hydatid ( ! bra92 ^! heads be+ irregul>ly di/ribut$ on ! surface ( ! bladd]1 & on ! front "p ( ea* head !re is a m\? surr\nd$ by m9ute %>p hooks )9 a r+ ( suck+ disks4 ,^! disks s]ve z ! means ( atta*m5t1 by =m+ a vacuum1 & br+ ! m\? 9 contact ) ! surface1 & ?us1 by ! aid ( ! hooks1 ! p>asite is n\ri%$4 ,! coats ( ! hydatid are dispos$ 9 sev]al lay]s1 "o ( :i* appe>s to possess a muscul> p[]4 ,^! facts are develop$ by ! microscope1 :i* also discloses num]\s little bodies adh]+ to ! int]nal membrane4 ,! fluid 9 ! bladd] is usually cle> b occasionally turbid1 & !n x has be5 f\nd to conta9 a numb] ( m9ute worms4 ,treatm5t4 ,?is is deem$ an almo/ incurable disord]4 ,:]e ! hydatid is n imb$d$ 9 ! bra91 its con/ant pressure1 s+ul>ly en\gh1 causes a portion ( ! cranium to be absorb$1 & f9ally ! "p imm$iately ov] ! hydatid becomes ?9 & s(t en\gh to yield "u ! pressure ( ! f+]4 ,:5 su* a spot is discov]$1 ! ,engli% vet]9>ians usually dissect back ! muscul> integum5ts1 remove a portion ( ! bone1 c>efully divide ! inve/+ membranes ( ! bra91 & !n1 if possible1 remove ! hydatid :ole2 or1 fail+ to d ?is1 remove its fluid cont5ts4 ,! membranes & integum5ts are !n re/or$ to _! position1 & an adhesive pla/] plac$ ov] ! :ole4 ,! ,fr5* vet]9>ians usually simply puncture ! cranium & ! cy/ ) a tro*>1 & lay+ ! %eep on its back1 all[ ! fluid to run out ?r\gh ! orifice ?us made4 ,a common awl w\ld answ] e purpose = su* a puncture2 & ! puncture is ! pref]able me?od = ! unskill$ practition]4 ,an in/ance is1 inde$1 record$ ( a cure hav+ be5 effect$1 :]e ! animal _h be5 giv5 up1 by bor+ ) a gimlet into ! s(t place on ! head1 :5 ! wat] ru%$ out1 & ! %eep imm$iately foll[$ ! o!rs to ! pa/ure4 ,:51 h[ev]1 ! haz>d & cruelty att5d+ ! op]ation1 "u ! mo/ favorable circum/ances1 are consid]$1 z well z ! conc$$ liability ( a return ( ! malady--! gr[? ( new hydatids--x is evid5t t 9 ?is c\ntry1 x w\ld n be wor? :ile1 except 9 ! case ( uncommonly valuable %eep1 to adopt any o!r rem$y ?an depriv+ ! mis]able animal ( life4 ,,ob/ruction ,,( ,,! ,,gullet4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,b>rack ,,= ,,/or+ ,,%eep-,,fodd]4 ,aft] p\r+ a little oil 9 ! ?roat1 ! ob/ruct+ sub/ance :i* occasions ! *ok+1 c frequ5tly be remov$ up or d[n by ext]nal manipulation4 ,if n1 x may usually be =c$ d[n ) ! flexible probang1 describ$ 9 ,cattle & _! ,diseases1 or a flexible rod1 ! head ( :i* is gu>d$ by a knot1 or a little bag ( flax-se$4 ,! latt] hav+ be5 dipp$ 9 hot wat] = a m9ute or two1 is p>tly conv]t$ into mucilage1 :i* con/antly exudes ?r\gh ! clo?1 & protects ! oesophagus1 or gullet1 f lac]ation4 ,b little =ce mu/ be us$1 & ! :ole op]ation conduct$ ) ! utmo/ c>e & g5tl5ess2 or ! oesophagus w be s f> lac]at$ z to produce dea?1 al?\gh ! ob/ruction is remov$4 ,,oph?almia4 ,oph?almia1 or inflammation ( ! eyes1 is n uncommon 9 ?is c\ntry2 b x is little notic$1 z1 9 mo/ cases1 x disappe>s 9 a few days1 or1 at wor/1 is only foll[$ by cat>act1 :i*1 be+ usually conf9$ to "o eye1 does n appreciably effect ! value ( ! animal1 & !re=e has no influ5ce on its m>ket price4 ,treatm5t4 ,"s recomm5d bl[+ pulv]iz$ r$ *alk 9 ! inflam$ eye2 o!rs squirt into x tobacco juice4 ,z a matt] ( humanity1 blood may be drawn f "u ! eye1 & ! eye ba!d 9 tepid wat]1 & occasionally ) a weak solution ( ! sulphate ( z9c comb9$ ) t9cture ( opium4 ,^! latt] applications dim9i% ! pa91 & ha/5 ! cure4 ,,palsy4 ,p>alysis1 or palsy1 is a dim9ution or entire loss ( ! p[]s ( motion 9 "s p>ts ( ! body4 ,9 ! w9t]1 poor lambs1 or poor pregnant ewes1 or poor feeble ewes imm$iately aft] yean+ 9 ! spr+1 occasionally lose ! p[] ( walk+ or /&+ r too sudd5ly to h x ref]able to increas+ debility4 ,! animal seems to h lo/ all /r5g? 9 its lo9s1 & ! h9d-qu>t]s are p[]less2 x makes ineffectual attempts to rise1 & _c /& if plac$ ^u its feet4 ,treatm5t4 ,w>m?1 g5tle /imulants1 & good nurs+ may raise ! pati5t2 b1 9 ! va/ majority ( cases1 x is m economical & equally humane1 to deprive x ( life at once4 ,,pelt-,,rot4 ,?is is (t5 mi/ak5 = ! scab1 b x is1 9 fact1 a diff]5t & less dang]\s disease4 ,! wool falls (f1 & leaves ! %eep ne>ly nak$2 b x is att5d$ ) no sor5ess1 ?\gh a r$di% cru/ w cov] ! sk91 f ! wool :i* has dropp$4 ,x g5]ally arises f h>d keep+ & mu* exposure to cold & wet2 &1 9 fact1 ! animal (t5 dies 9 sev]e wea!r f ! cold x suff]s on acc\nt ( ! loss ( its coat4 ,! rem$y is full fe$+1 a w>m /all1 & ano9t+ ! h>d "p ( ! sk9 ) t>1 oil1 & butt]4 ,"s1 h[ev]1 d no?+ = x1 sc>cely consid]+ x a disease4 ,su* say t if ! condition ( a poor %eep is rais$ z sudd5ly z practicable1 by g5]\s keep 9 ! w9t]1 ! wool is v apt to drop (f2 &1 if yet cold1 ! %eep w require w>m %elt]4 ,,pneumonia4 ,pneumonia--or inflammation ( ! lungs--is n a common disease 9 ! ,nor!rn ,/ates2 b und\bt$ cases ( x sometimes occur1 aft] %eep h be5 expos$ to sudd5 cold1 p>ticul>ly :5 rec5tly %orn4 ,! adhesions occasionally witness$ betwe5 ! lungs & pleura ( slaught]$ %eep1 betray ! =m] exi/5ce ( ?is disease 9 ! animal--?\gh1 9 _m in/ances1 x 0 s slight z to be mi/ak51 at ! "t1 = a h>d cold4 ,symptoms4 ,! animal is dull1 ceases to rum9ate1 neglects its food1 dr9ks frequ5tly & l>gely1 & its brea?+ is rapid & labori\s2 ! eye is cl\d$2 ! nose dis*>ges a t5aci\s1 fetid matt]2 ! tee? are gr\nd frequ5tly1 s t ! s\nd is audible at "s di/ance2 ! pulse is at fir/ h>d & rapid1 sometimes int]mits1 b be=e dea? x becomes weak4 ,dur+ ! height ( ! fev]1 ! flanks heave viol5tly2 !re is a h>d1 pa9ful c\gh dur+ ! fir/ /ages1 :i* becomes weak]1 & seems to be accompani$ ) m pa9 z dea? approa*es4 ,aft] dea?1 ! lungs are f\nd m or less hepatiz$--t is1 p]man5tly cond5s$ & engorg$ ) blood1 s t _! /ructure resembles t ( ! hep>1 or liv]--& !y h s f> lo/ _! integrity t !y are torn asund] by ! slighte/ =ce4 ,x may "h be rem>k$ t :5 %eep die f any cause1 ) _! blood 9 !m1 ! lungs h a d>k1 hepatiz$ appe>ance4 ,:e!r !y are actually hepatiz$ or n1 c readily be decid$ by compress+ ! w9dpipe1 s t air _c escape ?r\gh x1 & !n betwe5 su* compression & ! body ( ! lungs1 9 a closely fitt+ orifice1 ins]t+ a goose-quill1 or o!r tube1 & cont9u+ to bl[ until ! lungs are inflat$ z f> z !y c be4 ,z !y inflate1 !y w become ( a light] color1 & pla9ly manife/ _! cellul> /ructure4 ,if any portions ( !m _c be inflat$1 & reta9 _! d>k1 liv]-l consi/5ce1 & color1 !y exhibit hepatization--! result ( high inflammatory action--& a /ate utt]ly incompatible1 9 ! liv+ animal1 ) ! dis*>ge ( ! natural functions ( ! viscus4 ,treatm5t4 ,9 ! fir/1 or inflammatory /ages1 ble$+ & ap]i5ts are cle>ly call$ =4 ,"s recomm5d e>ly & copi\s ble$+1 repeat$1 if necess>y1 9 a few h\rs2 ?is foll[$ by ap]i5t m$ic9es1 su* z two ounces ( ,epsom salts1 :i* may be repeat$ 9 small] doses1 if ! b[els are n suffici5tly relax$4 ,! foll[+ s$ative may also be giv5 ) gruel1 twice a day3 nitrate ( pota%1 "o dra*m2 p[d]$ digitalis1 "o scruple2 & t>t>iz$ antimony1 "o scruple4 ,:ile depletion may be ( ine/imable value dur+ ! cont9uance--! %ort cont9uance--( ! febrile /ate1 yet excitation l ?is w soon be foll[$ by correspond+ exhau/ion1 :5 ! ble$+ & purg+ w\ld be murd]\s exp$i5ts2 & g5tian1 g+]1 & ! spirits ( nitr\s e!r w af=d ! only hope ( cure4 ,,poison4 ,%eep w (t51 9 ! w9t] or spr+1 eat gre$ily ( ! l[ laurel4 ,! animal appe>s aft]w>d to be dull & /upid1 swells a little1 & is con/antly gulp+ up a fev]i% fluid1 :i* x swall[s aga92 a "p ( x w trickle out ( its m\?1 & discolor its lips4 ,! plant probably br+s on a f]m5tation 9 ! /oma*1 & nature endeavors to ?r[ (f ! poison\s h]b by ret*+ or vomit+4 ,treatm5t4 ,9 ! e>ly /ages1 if ! gre5i% fluid be all[$ to escape f ! /oma*1 ! animal g5]ally recov]s4 ,to effect ?is1 gag ! %eep1 :i* may be done 9 ?is mann]3 ,take a /ick ( ! size ( ! wri/1 six in*es long--place x 9 ! animal's m\?--tie a /r+ to "o end ( x1 pass x ov] ! head & d[n to ! o!r end1 & !re make x fa/4 ,! fluid w !n run f ! m\? z fa/ z ?r[n up f ! /oma*4 ,9 addition to ?is1 give roa/$ onions & sweet5$ milk freely4 ,a bett] plan1 h[ev]1 is to =ce a gill ( melt$ l>d d[n ! ?roat2 or1 boil = an h\r ! twigs ( ! :ite a%1 & give "o-half to "o gill ( ! /rong liquor imm$iately2 to be repeat$1 if n successful4 ,dr5*]s ( milk & ca/or-oil are also recomm5d$4 ,,rot4 ,?is disease1 :i* sometimes causes ! dea? ( a million ( %eep1 9 ,engl&1 9 a s+le ye>1 is comp>atively unkn[n 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,x prevails some:at 9 ! ,we/]n ,/ates1 f all[+ %eep to pa/ure on l& t is ov]fl[$ ) wat]4 ,ev5 a crop ( gre5 oats1 e>ly 9 ! fall1 be=e a fro/ comes2 has be5 kn[n to rot "y %eep4 ,symptoms4 ,! fir/ are by no means /rongly m>k$2 !re is no loss ( condition1 b r ! contr>y1 to all appe>ance4 ,a pal5ess & want ( livel9ess ( ! membranes1 g5]ally1 may be consid]$ z ! fir/ symptoms1 to :i* may be add$ a yell[ness ( ! c>uncle at ! corn] ( ! eye4 ,:5 9 w>m1 sultry1 or ra9y wea!r1 %eep t are graz+ on l[ & moi/ l&s1 fe$ rapidly1 & "s ( !m die sudd5ly1 !re is gr\nd = fe>+ t !y h contract$ ! rot4 ,?is suspicion w be f>!r increas$ if1 a few days aft]w>d1 ! %eep beg9 to %r9k & gr[ flaccid ab\t ! lo9s4 ,by pressure ab\t ! hips at ?is "t1 a crackl+ is p]ceptible n[ or soon aft]w>d1 ! c\nt5ance looks pale1 & ^u p>t+ ! fleece1 ! sk9 is f\nd to h *ang$ its v]milion t9t = a pale r$1 & ! wool is easily sep>at$ f ! felt2 & z ! disord] advances1 ! sk9 becomes dappl$ ) yell[ or black spots4 ,to ^! symptoms succe$ increas$ dullness1 loss ( condition1 & great] pal5ess ( ! muc\s membranes1 ! eye-lids becom+ almo/ :ite1 & aft]w>d yell[4 ,?is yell[ness ext5ds to o!r p>ts ( ! body1 & a wat]y fluid appe>s "u ! sk91 ! latt] becom+ loose & flabby1 & ! wool com+ (f readily4 ,! symptoms ( dropsy (t5 ext5d ov] ! body1 & sometimes ! %eep becomes *ock]$1 z x is t]m$2 a l>ge swell+ =ms "u ! jaw1 :i*1 f ! appe>ance ( ! fluid :i* x conta9s1 is sometimes call$ ! wat]y poke4 ,! duration ( ! disease is unc]ta92 ! animal occasionally dies %ortly aft] becom+ affect$1 b m frequ5tly x ext5ds to f ?ree to six mon?s1 ! %eep gradually los+ fle% & p9+ away1 p>ticul>ly if1 z is frequ5tly ! case1 an ob/9ate purg+ sup]v5es4 ,po/-mortem4 ,! :ole cellul> tissue is f\nd to be infiltrat$1 & a yell[ s]\s fluid ev]y:]e foll[s ! knife4 ,! muscles are s(t & flabby1 hav+ ! appe>ance ( be+ mac]at$4 ,! kidneys are pale1 flaccid1 & infiltrat$4 ,! mes5t]ic gl&s are enl>g$1 & engorg$ ) yell[ s]\s fluid4 ,! belly is frequ5tly fill$ ) wat]1 or purul5t matt]2 ! p]itoneum is ev]y:]e ?ick5$1 & ! b[els adh]e toge!r by means ( an unnatural gr[?4 ,! he>t is enl>g$ & s(t5$1 & ! lungs are fill$ ) tub]cles4 ,! pr9cipal alt]ations ( /ructure are 9 ! liv]1 :i* is pale1 livid1 & brok5 d[n ) ! slighte/ pressure2 & on be+ boil$1 x w almo/ dissolve away4 ,:5 ! liv] is n pale1 x is (t5 curi\sly spott$2 9 "s cases x is speckl$1 l ! back ( a toad2 "s p>ts ( x1 h[ev]1 are h>d & s*irr\s2 o!rs are ulc]at$1 & ! bili>y ducts are fill$ ) flukes4 ,! malady is1 unque/ionably1 inflammation ( ! liv]4 ,?is fluke is f ?ree-qu>t]s ( an in* to an in* & a qu>t] 9 l5g?1 & f "o-?ird to "o-half an in* 9 its greate/ bread?4 ,^! fluke-worms und\bt$ly aggravate ! disease1 & p]petuate a /ate ( irritability & disorganization1 :i* mu/ necess>ily und]m9e ! /r5g? ( any animal4 ,treatm5t4 ,?is mu/1 to a consid]able ext5t1 be v unsatisfactory4 ,aft] ! use ( dry food & dry b$d+1 "o ( ! be/ prev5tives is ! abundant use ( pure salt4 ,9 viol5t attacks1 take eight1 t51 or twelve ounces ( blood1 accord+ to ! circum/ances ( ! case2 to ?is1 let a dose ( physic succe$--two or ?ree ounces ( ,epsom salts2 & to ^! means add a *ange ( diet1 good hay 9 ! field1 & hay1 /raw1 or *aff 9 ! y>d4 ,aft] ! op]ation ( ! physic--an additional dose hav+ be5 adm9i/]$1 (t5times1 9 ord] to quick5 ! action ( ! fir/--two or ?ree gra9s ( calomel may be giv5 daily1 mix$ ) half ! quantity ( opium1 9 ord] to secure its b5eficial1 & w>d (f its injuri\s effects on ! rum9ant4 ,to ?is %\ld be add$ common salt1 :i* acts z a purgative & a tonic4 ,a mild tonic1 z well z an ap]i5t1 is pla9ly indicat$ soon aft] ! comm5cem5t ( rot4 ,! doses %\ld be f two to ?ree dra*ms1 repeat$ morn+ & night4 ,:5 ! inflammatory /age is cle>ly pass$1 /rong] tonics may be add$ to ! salt1 & !re are none sup]ior to ! g5tian & g+] roots2 f "o to two dra*ms ( ea*1 f9ely p\nd$1 may be add$ to ea* dose ( ! salt4 ,! %eep hav+ a little recov]$ f ! disease1 %\ld /ill cont9ue on ! be/ & drie/ pa/ure on ! f>m1 & %\ld always h salt )9 _! rea*4 ,! rot is n infecti\s4 ,,scab4 ,?is is a cutane\s disease1 analog\s to ! mange 9 horses & ! it* 9 man1 & is caus$ & propagat$ by a m9ute insect1 ! ac>us4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,broad-,,tail$ ,,%eep4 ,if "o or m female ac>i are plac$ on ! wool ( a s\nd %eep1 !y quickly travel to ! root ( x1 & bury !mselves 9 ! sk91 ! place at :i* !y p5etrate be+ sc>cely visible1 or only di/+ui%able by a m9ute r$ po9t4 ,on ! t5? or twelf? day1 a little swell+ may be detect$ ) ! f+]1 & ! sk9 *anges its color1 & has a gre5i% blue t9t4 ,! pu/ule is n[ rapidly =m$1 & ab\t ! sixte5? day breaks1 :5 ! mo!rs aga9 appe>1 ) _! little ones atta*$ to _! feet1 & cov]$ by a portion ( ! %ell ( ! egg f :i* !y h j escap$4 ,^! little ones imm$iately set to "w1 p5etrate ! neighbor+ sk91 bury !mselves b5ea? x1 f9d _! prop] n\ri%m5t1 & gr[ & propagate1 until ! poor creature has myriads ( !m prey+ ^u him4 ,x is n wond]ful t1 "u su* circum/ances1 he %\ld spe$ily s9k4 ,! male ac>i1 :5 plac$ on ! s\nd sk9 ( a %eep1 w likewise burr[ _! way & disappe> = a :ile1 ! pu/ule ris+ 9 due "t2 b ! it*+ & ! scab soon disappe> )\t ! employm5t ( any rem$y4 ,! female br+s =? f eight to fifte5 "y at a "t4 ,9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ?is disease is comp>atively little kn[n1 & nev] orig9ates spontane\sly4 ,! fact1 t %ort-wooll$ %eep--l ! ,m]9o--are mu* less subject to its attacks1 is probably "o reason = ?is slight comp>ative preval5ce4 ,! disease spreads f individual to individual1 & f flock to flock1 n only by means ( direct contact1 b by ! ac>i left on po/s1 /ones1 & o!r sub/ances aga9/ :i* diseas$ %eep h rubb$ !mselves4 ,heal?y %eep are1 !re=e1 liable to contract ! malady1 if turn$ on pa/ures previ\sly occupi$ by scabby %eep1 al?\gh "s consid]able "t may h elaps$ s9ce ! dep>ture ( ! latt]4 ,! %eep labor+ "u ! scab is exce$+ly re/less4 ,x rubs itself ) viol5ce aga9/ trees1 /ones1 f5ces1 etc42 scrat*es itself ) its feet1 bites its sores1 & te>s (f its wool ) its tee?2 z ! pu/ules are brok51 _! matt] escapes1 & =ms scabs1 caus+ r$1 inflam$ sores1 :i* con/antly ext5d1 increas+ ! mis]y ( ! tortur$ animal2 if unreliev$1 he p9es away1 & soon p]i%es4 ,! po/-mortem appe>ances are v unc]ta9 & inconclusive4 ,!re is g5]ally *ronic inflammation ( ! inte/9es1 ) ! pres5ce ( a great numb] ( worms4 ,! liv] is occasionally s*irr\s1 & ! sple5 enl>g$2 & !re are frequ5tly s]\s effusions 9 ! belly1 & sometimes 9 ! *e/4 ,!re has be5 evid5t sympa?y betwe5 ! dige/ive & ! cutane\s sy/ems4 ,treatm5t4 ,fir/1 sep>ate ! %eep2 !n cut (f ! wool z f> z ! sk9 feels h>d to ! f+]2 ! scab is !n wa%$ ) soap-suds1 & rubb$ h>d ,) a %oe-bru%1 s t x may be cleans$ & brok54 ,= ?is use take a decoction ( tobacco1 to :i* add "o-?ird1 by measure1 ( ! lye ( wood-a%es1 z mu* hog's l>d z w be dissolv$ by ! lye1 a small quantity ( t> f a t>-bucket1 :i* conta9s grease1 & ab\t "o-eigh? ( ! :ole1 by measure1 ( spirits ( turp5t9e4 ,?is liquor is rubb$ ^u ! "p infect$1 & spread to a little di/ance ar\nd x1 9 ?ree wa%+s1 ) an int]val ( ?ree days ea*4 ,?is w inv>iably effect a cure1 :5 ! disord] is only p>tial4 ,or1 ! foll[+3 ,dip ! %eep 9 an infusion ( ars5ic1 9 ! proportion ( half a p\nd ( ars5ic to twelve gallons ( wat]4 ,! %eep %\ld be previ\sly wa%$ 9 soap & wat]4 ,! infusion mu/ n be p]mitt$ to ent] ! m\? or no/rils4 ,or1 take common m]curial o9tm5t2 = bad cases1 rub x d[n ) ?ree times its weight ( l>d--= ord9>y cases1 five times its weight4 ,rub a little ( ?is o9tm5t into ! head ( ! %eep4 ,"p ! wool s z to expose ! sk9 9 a l9e f ! head to ! tail1 & !n apply a little ( ! o9tm5t ) ! f+] ! :ole way4 ,make a simil> furr[ & application on ea* side1 f\r in*es f ! fir/2 & s on1 ov] ! :ole body4 ,! quantity ( o9tm5t aft] composition ) ! l>d1 %\ld n exce$ two ounces2 &1 g5]ally1 less w suffice4 ,a lamb requires b "o-?ird z mu* z a gr[n %eep4 ,?is w g5]ally cure2 b1 if ! animal %\ld cont9ue to rub itself1 a light] application ( ! same %\ld be made 9 t5 days4 ,or1 take two p\nds ( l>d or palm oil2 half a p\nd ( oil ( t>2 & "o p\nd ( sulphur2 gradually mix ! la/ two1 !n rub d[n ! comp\nd ) ! fir/4 ,apply z be=e4 ,or1 take ( corrosive sublimate1 "o half a p\nd2 :ite hellabore1 p[d]$1 ?ree-f\r?s ( a p\nd2 :ale or o!r oil1 six gallons2 ros91 two p\nds2 & tall[1 two p\nds4 ,! fir/ two to be mix$ ) a little ( ! oil1 & ! re/ be+ melt$ toge!r1 ! :ole to be gradually mix$4 ,?is is a p[]ful prep>ation1 & mu/ n be appli$ too freely4 ,an erysipelat\s scab1 or erysipelas1 att5d$ ) consid]able it*+1 sometimes tr\bles %eep4 ,?is is a febrile disease1 & is treat$ ) a cool+ purgative1 ble$+1 & oil or l>d appli$ to ! sores4 ,,small-,,pox4 ,! au?or ackn[l$ges himself indebt$ = :at foll[s "u ?is head to ,r4 ,mc,clure1 ,v4 ,s41 ( ,philadelphia1 au?or ( a ,prize ,essay on ,diseases ( ,%eep1 read be=e ! ,u4 ,s4 ,agricultural ,society1 9 #ahfj1 = :i* a m$al & diploma 7 aw>d$4 ,al?\gh ! small-pox 9 dome/ic animals has1 =tunately1 be5 z yet conf9$ to ! ,european ,cont95t--:]e x has be5 *iefly limit$ to ,engl&--no good reason c ev] be assign$ :y x %\ld n at "s future "t make its appe>ance among u1 especially :5 we rememb] h[ long a p]iod elaps$1 dur+ :i* we escap$ ! cattle plague1 al?\gh ! ,cont95t _h long be5 suff]+ f x4 ,! small-pox 9 %eep--v>iola ov]ia--is1 at times1 epizooetic 9 ! flocks ( ,france & ,italy1 b 0 unkn[n 9 ,engl& until #ahdg1 :5 x 0 communicat$ to a flock at ,dat*ett & ano!r at ,p9ni] by "s ,m]9os f ,spa94 ,x soon f\nd its way into ,hamp%ire & ,norfolk1 b 0 %ortly aft]w>d suppos$ to be eradicat$4 ,9 #ahfb1 h[ev]1 x sudd5ly reappe>$ 9 a sev]e =m among ! flocks ( ,wilt%ire2 = :i* reappe>ance nei!r any traceable infection nor contagion c\ld be assign$4 ,) ! pres5t light ^u ! subject1 x w\ld seem to be an in/ance ( ! orig9ation anew ( a malignant type ( v>ioloid disease4 ,su* an orig9 is1 9 fact1 assign$ to ?is disease 9 ,africa1 x be+ well e/abli%$ t c]ta9 devitaliz+ atmosph]ic influ5ces produce sk9 diseases1 & facilitate ! appe>ance ( pu/ul> eruptions4 ,! disease once root$ soon becomes epizooetic1 & causes a great] mortality ?an any o!r malady affect+ ?is animal4 ,out ( a flock numb]+ #agbj1 #ibj 7 attack$ 9 a natural way1 ( :i* #ej p] c5t4 di$4 ,( #hjj inoculat$ cases1 b #cf p] c5t4 di$4 ,num]\s exp]im5ts h prov$ beyond all d\bt t ?is disease 9 %eep is bo? infecti\s & contagi\s2 its p]iod ( incubation v>ies f sev5 to f\rte5 days4 ,! mortality is nev] less ?an #be p] c5t41 & n unfrequ5tly :ole flocks h be5 swept away1 dea? tak+ place 9 ! e>ly /ages ( ! eruption1 or 9 ! /ages ( suppuration & ulc]ation4 ,! symptoms may be mapp$ out z foll[s3 ,! animal is seiz$ ) a %iv]+ fit1 succe$$ by a dull /upidity1 :i* rema9s until dea? or recov]y results2 on ! second or ?ird day1 pimples are se5 on ! ?ighs & arm-pits1 accompani$ ) extreme r$ness ( ! eyes1 complete loss ( appetite1 etc41 etc4 ,x is ne$less to enum]ate o!r symptoms :i* exi/ 9 common ) ^? ( o!r disord]s4 ,prev5tion4 ,at pres5t1 b two modes are resort$ to1 = ! purpose ( prev5t+ ! spread ( ! disease1 :i* promise any degree ( c]ta9ty ( success4 ,! fir/ is by inoculation1 :i* 0 recomm5d$ by ,pr(essor ,simonds1 ( ,london4 ,?is di/+ui%$ pa?ologi/ appe>s to h ov]look$ ! fact t he 0 !reby only enl>g+ ! sph]e ( mis*ief1 by imp>t+ ! disease to animals t1 9 all probability1 w\ld o!rwise h escap$ x4 ,by inoculation1 moreov]1 a =m ( ! disease is giv51 n ( a modifi$ "*1 b ) all ! virul5ce ( ! orig9al affection :i* is to be arre/$1 & equally z pot5t = fur!r de/ruction ( o!rs4 ,by su* tea*+1 inoculation & vacc9ation w\ld be made "o & ! same ?+1 not)/&+ _! dissimil>ity4 ,ev5 vacc9ation w n protect ! animal1 z has be5 already %[n by ! exp]im5ts ( ,hurbrel ,d',arboval4 ,! second & be/ plan ( prev5tion is isolation & de/ruction1 z recomm5d$ by ,pr(essor ,gamgee1 ( ! ,ed9burgh ,vet]9>y ,college4 ,?is prov$ a great protection to ! %eep-f>m]s ( ,wilt%ire1 9 #ahfb4 ,9 all epizooetic diseases1 individual cases occur1 :i*1 :5 po9t$ out & recogniz$ z soon z ! fev] sets 9 & ! e>ly eruptions appe>1 %\ld be slaught]$ at once & buri$1 & ! re/ ( ! flock isolat$4 ,by ?is means ! disease has be5 conf9$ to b two or ?ree 9 a l>ge flock4 ,treatm5t4 ,9 treat+ ?is disease1 resort has ( late be5 _h to a plant1 kn[n z ,s>rac5ia purpura--,indian cup1 or pit*] plant--us$ = ?is purpose by ! ,micmacs1 a tribe ( ,indians 9 ,briti% ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,?is plant is indig5\s1 p]5nial1 & is f\nd f ! coa/ ( ,labrador to ! %ores ( ! ,gulf ( ,mexico1 gr[+ 9 great abundance on wet1 m>%y gr\nd4 ,! use ( ?is plant is becom+ q g5]al1 & good results h almo/ uni=mly att5d$ x4 ,take f "o to two ounces ( ! dri$ root1 & slice 9 ?9 pieces2 place 9 an e>!n pot2 add a qu>t ( cold wat]1 & all[ ! liquid to simm] g5tly ov] a /eady fire = two or ?ree h\rs1 s z to lose "o-f\r? ( ! quantity4 ,give ( ?is decoction ?ree w9e-glassfuls at once1 & ! same quantity f f\r to six h\rs aft]w>ds1 :5 a cure w g5]ally be affect$4 ,weak] & small] doses are c]ta9 prev5tives ( ! disease4 ,! public are indebt$ to ,dr4 ,morris1 physician to ! ,halifax 7,nova ,scotia7 ,disp5s>y1 = ! mann] ( prep>+ ?is em95tly useful article4 ,,sore ,,face4 ,%eep fe$+ on pa/ures infe/$ ) ,john's wort1 frequ5tly exhibit an irritation ( sk9 ab\t ! nose & face1 :i* causes ! hair to drop (f f ! p>ts4 ,! irritation sometimes ext5ds ov] ! entire body4 ,if ?is plant is eat5 9 too l>ge quantities1 x produces viol5t inflammation ( ! b[els1 & is frequ5tly fatal to lambs1 & sometimes to adults4 ,treatm5t4 ,rub a little sulphur & l>d on ! irritat$ surface4 ,if !re are symptoms ( inflammation ( ! b[els1 ?is %\ld be put into ! m\? ( ! %eep ) a flatt5$ /ick4 ,abundance ( salt is deem$ a prev5tive4 ,,sore ,,m\?4 ,! lips ( %eep sometimes become sudd5ly sore 9 ! w9t]1 & swell to ! ?ickness ( a man's h&4 ,! malady occasionally attacks :ole flocks1 & becomes q fatal4 ,x is usually attribut$ to noxi\s we$s cut ) ! hay4 ,treatm5t4 ,daub ! lips & m\? pl5tifully ) t>4 ,,ticks4 ,! treatm5t necess>y z a prev5tive aga9/ ^! insects1 & a rem$y = !m1 has already be5 indicat$ "u ! head ( ,,fe$+ ,,& ,,managem5t1 to :i* ! read] is ref]r$4 ,,sw9e ,,& ,,_! ,,diseases4 ,illu/ration ,,hi/ory ,,& ,,bre$s4 ,! hog is a cosmopolite1 adapt+ itself to almo/ e climate2 ?\gh its natural haunts--l ^? ( ! hippopotamus1 ! elephant1 ! rh9oc]os1 & mo/ ( ! ?ick-sk9n$ animals--are 9 w>m c\ntries4 ,!y are mo/ abundant 9 ,*9a1 ! ,ea/ ,indies1 & ! imm5se range ( isl&s ext5d+ ?r\gh\t ! :ole ,s\!rn & ,pacific oceans2 b !y are also num]\s ?r\gh\t ,europe1 f its ,s\!rn coa/ to ! ,russian dom9ions )9 ! ,arctic4 ,z f> back z ! records ( hi/ory ext5d1 ?is animal appe>s to h be5 kn[n1 & 8 fle% made use ( z food4 ,ne>ly fifte5 hundr$ ye>s be=e ,*ri/1 ,moses gave ^? laws to ! ,israelites :i* h giv5 rise to s mu* discussion2 & x is evid5t t1 _h n pork be5 ! prevail+ food ( t nation at ! "t1 su* /r+5t comm&m5ts & prohibitions w\ld n h be5 necess>y4 ,! v>i\s allusions to ?is k9d ( meat1 :i* repeat$ly occur 9 ! writ+s ( ! old ,greek au?ors1 %[ ! e/eem 9 :i* x 0 held among t nation2 & x appe>s t ! ,romans made ! art ( bre$+1 re>+1 & fatt5+ pigs a /udy4 ,9 fact1 ! hog 0 v highly priz$ among ! e>ly nations ( ,europe2 & "s ( ! anci5ts ev5 paid x div9e honors4 ,! ,jews1 ! ,egyptians1 & ! ,mohamm$ans alone appe> to h ab/a9$ f ! fle% ( sw9e4 ,! =m] 7 expressly d5i$ its use by ! laws ( ,moses4 ,& ! sw9e1 ?\gh he divide ! ho(1 & be clov5-foot$1 yet he *ewe? n ! cud2 he is unclean unto y4 ,lev4 xi4 #g4 ,^u ?is prohibition1 ,mohamm$1 probably1 f\nd$ 8 own4 ,= ! ,mosaic prohibition1 v>i\s reasons h be5 assign$3 ! alleg$ extreme fil?9ess ( ! animal2 x be+ afflict$ ) a leprosy2 ! great indige/ibility ( its fle% 9 hot climates2 ! int5t to make ! ,jews a peculi> p2 a prev5tive ( gluttony2 & an admonition ( ab/95ce f s5sual & disgu/+ habits4 ,at :at p]iod ! animal 0 reclaim$ f 8 wild ,/ate1 & by :at nation1 _c be /at$4 ,f ! e>lie/ times1 9 ,engl&1 ! hog has be5 reg>d$ z a v important animal1 & va/ h]ds 7 t5d$ by sw9eh]ds1 :o wat*$ ov] _! safety 9 ! woods1 & collect$ !m "u %elt] at night4 ,its fle% 0 ! /aple article ( consumption 9 e h\sehold1 & mu* ( ! weal? ( ! ri* & free portion ( ! community consi/$ 9 ^! animals4 ,h5ce beque/s ( sw9e1 ) l& = _! support1 7 (t5 made2 rights & privileges connect$ ) _! fe$+1 & ! ext5t ( woodl& to be occupi$ by a giv5 numb]1 7 grant$ accord+ to e/abli%$ rules4 ,long aft] ! end ( ! ,saxon dyna/y1 ! practice ( fe$+ sw9e ^u ! ma/ & acorns ( ! =e/ 0 cont9u$ till ! =e/s 7 cut d[n1 & ! l& laid op5 = ! pl\gh4 ,nature design$ ! hog to fulfil _m important functions 9 a =e/ c\ntry4 ,by 8 burr[+ aft] roots & ! l1 he turns up & de/roys ! l>vae ( innum]able insects1 :i* w\ld o!rwise injure ! trees z well z _! fruit4 ,he de/roys ! slug-snail & add]1 & ?us n only rids ! =e/s ( ^! injuri\s & unpleasant inhabitants1 b also makes !m subs]vi5t to 8 own n\ri%m5t1 & !re=e to ! b5efit ( mank9d4 ,! fruits :i* he eats are su* z w\ld o!rwise rot on ! gr\nd & be wa/$1 or yield nutrim5t to v]m92 & 8 digg+s = e>?-nuts & ! l1 loos5s ! soil1 & b5efits ! roots ( ! trees4 ,hogs 9 =e/ l& may1 !re=e1 be reg>d$ z em95tly b5eficial2 & x is only ! abuse :i* is to be fe>$4 ,! hog is popul>ly reg>d$ z a /upid1 brutal1 rapaci\s1 & fil?y animal1 grovell+ & disgu/+ 9 all 8 habits1 intractable & ob/9ate 9 temp]4 ,! mo/ (f5sive epi!ts among m5 are borr[$ f him1 or 8 peculi>ities4 ,9 _! native /ate1 h[ev]1 sw9e seem by no means de/itute ( natural affections2 !y are greg>i\s1 assemble toge!r 9 def5ce ( ea* o!r1 h]d toge!r = w>m?1 & appe> to h feel+s 9 common2 no "m is m t5d] to h] "y ?an ! s[1 or m resolute 9 _! def5ce4 ,neglect$ z ?is animal has ev] be5 by au?ors1 record$ in/ances are n want+ ( _! sagacity1 tractability1 & susceptibility ( affection4 ,among ! ,european peasantry1 :]e ! hog is1 s to speak1 "o ( ! family1 he may (t5 be se5 foll[+ 8 ma/] f place to place1 & grunt+ 8 recognition ( 8 protectors4 ,! hog1 9 po9t ( actual fact1 is also a mu* m cleanly animal ?an he has ! cr$it ( be+4 ,he is fond ( a good1 cleanly b$2 & :5 ?is is n provid$ = him1 x is (t5times int]e/+ to note ! degree ( sagacity ) :i* he w =age = himself4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 s mu* ! vogue to believe t he may be kept 9 any /ate ( neglect1 t ! t]ms pig1 & pig-/y are usually reg>d$ z synonym\s ) all t is dirty & disgu/+4 ,8 roll+ 9 ! mud is cit$ z a pro( ( 8 fil?y habits4 ,?is practice1 :i* he %>es 9 common ) all ! pa*yd]mat\s animals1 is und\bt$ly ! tea*+ ( in/9ct1 & = ! purpose ( cool+ himself & keep+ (f flies4 ,pigs are exce$+ly fond ( com=t & w>m?1 & w ne/le toge!r 9 ord] to obta9 ! latt]1 & (t5 /ruggle vehem5tly to secure ! w>me/ b]?4 ,!y are likewise peculi>ly s5sitive ( approa*+ *anges 9 ! wea!r1 & may (t5 be obs]v$ sudd5ly leav+ ! places 9 :i* !y _h be5 quietly fe$+1 & runn+ (f to _! /yes at full spe$1 mak+ l\d outcries4 ,:5 /orms are ov]hang+1 !y collect /raw 9 _! m\?s1 & run ab\t z if invit+ _! companions to d ! same2 & if !re is a %$ or %elt] ne> at h&1 !y w c>ry x !re & deposit x1 z if = ! purpose ( prep>+ a b$4 ,9 _! dome/icat$ /ate1 !y are1 und5iably1 v gre$y animals2 eat+ is ! bus9ess ( _! lives2 nor d !y appe> to be v delicate z to ! k9d or quality ( food :i* is plac$ be=e !m4 ,al?\gh naturally h]bivor\s animals1 !y h be5 kn[n to dev\r c>rion ) all ! voracity ( bea/s ( prey1 to eat & mangle infants1 & ev5 gorge _! appetites ) _! own "y4 ,x is n1 h[ev]1 unreasonable to believe t ! la/ revolt+ act--r>ely if ev] happ5+ 9 a /ate ( nature--arises m f ! pa9 & irritation produc$ by ! /ate ( conf9em5t1 & (t5 fil?1 9 :i* ! animal is kept1 & ! di/urbances to :i* x is subject$1 ?an f any actual f]ocity2 = x is well kn[n t a s[ is always unusually irritable at ?is p]iod1 snapp+ at all animals t approa* h]4 ,if %e is g5tly treat$1 prop]ly suppli$ ) su/5ance1 & seque/]$ f all annoyance1 !re is little dang] ( ?is practice ev] happ5+4 ,all ! (f5ces :i* sw9e commit are attribut$ to a disposition innately bad2 :]eas !y too (t5 arise f bad managem5t1 or total neglect4 ,!y are legitimate objects = ! sport ( idle boys1 hunt$ ) curs1 pelt$ ) /ones1 (t5 neglect$ & oblig$ to f9d a meal = !mselves1 or w&] ab\t half-/>v$4 ,made ?us ! ,i%maelites ( our dome/ic animals1 is x a matt] ( wond] t !y %\ld1 "u su* circum/ances1 incl9e to display ,i%maeliti% traits8 ,9 any well-regulat$ f>m-y>d1 ! sw9e are z tractable & z little dispos$ to w&] or trespass z any ( ! animals t x conta9s4 ,! ,,wild ,,bo> is g5]ally admitt$ to be ! p>5t ( ! /ock f :i* all our dome/icat$ bre$s & v>ieties h sprung4 ,?is animal is g5]ally ( a dusky br[n or iron-gray color1 incl9+ to black1 & div]sifi$ ) black spots or /reaks4 ,! body is cov]$ ) co>se hairs1 int]mix$ ) a d[ny wool2 ^! hairs become bri/les z !y approa* ! neck & %\ld]s1 & are 9 ^? places s long z to =m a mane1 :i* ! animal erects :5 irritat$4 ,! head is %ort1 ! =ehead broad & flat1 ! e>s %ort1 r\nd$ at ! tips1 & incl9$ t[>d ! neck1 ! jaw arm$ ) %>p1 crook$ tusks1 :i* curve slightly upw>d1 & are capable ( inflict+ fe>ful w\nds1 ! eye full1 neck ?ick & muscul>1 ! %\ld]s high1 ! lo9s broad1 ! tail /iff1 & f9i%$ (f ) a tuft ( bri/les at ! tip1 ! haun* well turn$1 & ! leg /rong4 ,a full-gr[n wild bo> 9 ,india av]ages f ?irty to =ty in*es 9 height at ! %\ld]2 ! ,african wild bo> is ab\t tw5ty-eight or ?irty in*es high4 ,! wild bo> is a v active & p[]ful animal1 & becomes fi]c] z he gr[s old]4 ,:5 exi/+ 9 a /ate ( nature1 he is g5]ally f\nd 9 moi/1 %ady1 & well-wood$ situations1 n f> remote f /reams or wat]4 ,9 ,india1 !y are f\nd 9 ! ?ick jungles1 9 plantations ( sug>-cane or rice1 or 9 ! ?ick pat*es ( high1 long grass4 ,9 ,engl&1 ,france1 ,g]many1 ,italy1 & ,spa91 _! resorts h be5 9 ! woods & =e/s4 ,?is animal is naturally h]bivor\s1 & appe>s to fe$ by *oice ^u plants1 fruits1 & roots4 ,he w1 h[ev]1 eat ! worms & l>vae :i* he f9ds 9 ! gr\nd1 also snakes & o!r su* reptiles1 & ! eggs ( birds4 ,!y seldom quit _! cov]ts dur+ ! day1 b pr[l ab\t 9 se>* ( food dur+ twilight & ! night4 ,_! acute s5se ( smell enables !m to detect ! pres5ce ( roots or fruits deeply imb$d$ 9 ! soil1 & !y (t5 d consid]able mis*ief by pl\gh+ up ! gr\nd 9 se>* ( !m1 p>ticul>ly z !y d n1 l ! common hog1 root up a little spot "h & !re1 b pl\gh long1 cont9u\s1 furr[s4 ,! wild bo>1 prop]ly s call$1 is nei!r a solit>y nor a greg>i\s animal4 ,= ! fir/ two or ?ree ye>s1 ! :ole h]d foll[s ! s[1 & all unite 9 def5ce aga9/ any enemies1 call+ ^u ea* o!r ) l\d cries 9 case ( em]g5cy1 & =m+ 9 regul> l9e ( battle1 ! weake/ occupy+ ! re>4 ,:5 arriv$ at maturity1 ! animals w&] alone1 z if 9 p]fect consci\sness ( _! /r5g?1 & appe> z if !y nei!r s\ght nor avoid$ any liv+ creature4 ,!y are reput$ to live ab\t ?irty ye>s2 z !y gr[ old1 ! hair becomes gray1 & ! tusks beg9 to %[ symptoms ( decay4 ,old bo>s r>ely associate ) a h]d1 b seem to keep ap>t f ! re/1 & f ea* o!r4 ,! female produces b "o litt] 9 ! ye>1 mu* small] 9 numb] ?an ^? ( ! dome/ic pig2 %e c>ries h] "y sixte5 or tw5ty weeks1 & g5]ally is only se5 ) ! male dur+ ! rutt+ season4 ,%e suckles h] "y = sev]al mon?s1 & cont9ues to protect !m = "s "t aft]w>d2 if attack$ at t "t1 %e w def5d h]self & !m ) exce$+ c\rage & fi]c5ess4 ,_m s[s w (t5 be f\nd h]d+ toge!r1 ea* foll[$ by h] litt] ( "y2 & 9 su* p>ties !y are exce$+ly =midable to man & bea/4 ,nei!r !y nor ! bo>1 h[ev]1 seem desir\s ( attack+ any ?+2 & only :5 r\s$ by aggression1 or di/urb$ 9 _! retreat1 d !y turn ^u _! enemies & manife/ ! mighty /r5g? ) :i* ,nature has end[$ !m4 ,:5 attack$ by dogs1 ! wild bo> at fir/ sull5ly retreats1 turn+ ^u !m f "t to "t & m5ac+ !m ) 8 tusks2 b gradually 8 ang] rises1 & at l5g? he /&s at bay1 fights furi\sly = 8 life1 & te>s & r5ds 8 p]secutors4 ,he has ev5 be5 obs]v$ to s+le out ! mo/ torm5t+ ( !m1 & ru% savagely ^u him4 ,hunt+ ?is animal has be5 a favorite sport1 9 almo/ all c\ntries 9 :i* x has be5 f\nd1 f ! e>lie/ ages4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,wild ,,bo> ,,at ,,bay4 ,wild bo>s l+]$ 9 ! =e/s ( ,engl& & ,scotl& = sev]al c5turies aft] ! ,norman conque/1 & _m tracts ( l& 9 ^? c\ntries d]iv$ _! "n f ?is circum/ance2 :ile in/ances ( valor 9 _! de/ruction are record$ 9 ! h]aldic devices ( _m ( _! noble families4 ,! precise p]iod at :i* ! animal became ext]m9at$ !re _c be precisely asc]ta9$4 ,!y _h1 h[ev]1 evid5tly be5 long ext9ct 9 ! "t ( ,*>les ,i41 s9ce he endeavor$ to re-introduce !m1 & 0 at consid]able exp5se to procure a wild bo> & 8 mate f ,g]many4 ,!y /ill exi/ 9 ,upp] ,au/ria1 on ! ,syrian ,alps1 9 _m p>ts ( ,hung>y1 & 9 ! =e/s ( ,pol&1 ,spa91 ,russia1 & ,sw$52 & ! inhabitants ( ^? c\ntries hunt !m ) h\nds1 or attack !m ) fire-arms1 or ) ! prop] bo>-spe>4 ,all ! v>ieties ( ! dome/ic hog w bre$ ) ! wild bo>2 ! p]iod ( ge/ation is ! same 9 ! wild & ! tame s[2 _! anatomical /ructure is id5tical2 _! g5]al =m be>s ! same *>act]s2 & _! habits1 s f> z !y are n *ang$ by dome/ication1 rema9 ! same4 ,:]e individuals ( ! pure wild race h be5 caught "y & subject$ to ! same treatm5t z a dome/ic pig1 _! fi]c5ess has disappe>$1 !y h become m social & less nocturnal 9 _! habits1 lo/ _! activity1 & liv$ m to eat4 ,9 ! c\rse ( "o or two g5]ations1 ev5 ! =m und]goes c]ta9 modifications2 ! body becomes l>g] & heavi]2 ! legs %ort]1 & less adapt$ = ex]cise2 ! =midable tusks ( ! bo>1 be+ no long] ne$$ z weapons ( def5ce1 disappe>2 ! %ape ( ! head & neck alt]s2 & 9 "* z well z 9 =m1 ! animal adapts itself to its situation4 ,nor does x appe> t a return to _! native wilds re/ores to !m _! orig9al appe>ance2 =1 9 :atev] c\ntry pigs h escap$ f ! control ( man1 & br$ 9 ! wild]ness & woods1 n a s+le in/ance is on record 9 :i* !y h resum$ ! habits & =m ( ! wild bo>4 ,!y1 inde$1 become fi]ce1 wild1 gaunt1 & grisly1 & live ^u roots & fruits2 b !y are1 not)/&+1 m]ely deg5]at$ sw9e1 & !y /ill associate toge!r 9 h]ds1 & d n walk solit>y & alone1 l _! grim ance/ors4 ,,am]ican ,,sw9e4 ,9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 sw9e h be5 an object ( att5tion s9ce its e>lie/ settlem5t1 & :5ev] a pr(itable m>ket has be5 f\nd = pork abroad1 x has be5 export$ to ! full ext5t ( ! dem&4 ,sw9e are n1 h[ev]1 indig5\s to ?is c\ntry1 b 7 d\btless orig9ally br\ght hi!r by ! e>ly ,engli% settl]s2 & ! bre$ ?us introduc$ may /ill be di/+ui%$ by ! traces !y reta9 ( _! p>5t /ock4 ,france1 also1 z well z ,spa91 &1 dur+ ! exi/5ce ( ! slave-trade1 ,africa1 h also comb9$ to furni% v>ieties ( ?is animal1 s mu* e/eem$ ?r\gh\t ! :ole ( ! c\ntry1 z furni%+ a valuable article ( food4 ,= ne>ly tw5ty ye>s foll[+ ! comm5cem5t ( ! g5]al ,european w>s1 soon aft] ! organization ( our national gov]nm5t1 pork 0 a comp>atively l>ge article ( comm]ce2 b exports = a "t dim9i%$1 & x 0 n until )9 a m rec5t p]iod t ?is /aple has be5 br\ght up to its =m] /&>d z an article ( exportation to t c\ntry4 ,! rec5t use :i* has be5 made ( its c>cass 9 conv]t+ x into l>d oil1 has t5d$ to /ill fur!r increase its consumption4 ,by ! c5sus ( #ahfj1 !re 7 upw>d ( ?irty-two & a half millions ( ^! animals 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,!y are re>$ 9 e "p ( ! ,union1 &1 :5 prop]ly manag$1 always at a fair pr(it4 ,at ! extreme ,nor?1 9 ! neighborhood ( l>ge m>kets1 & on su* ( ! ,s\!rn plantations z are p>ticul>ly suit$ to sug> or rice1 !y %\ld n be rais$ beyond ! numb] requir$ = ! consumption ( ! co>se or refuse food produc$4 ,sw9e are advantage\sly kept 9 connection ) a dairy or or*>d2 s9ce1 ) little additional food besides :at is ?us af=d$1 !y c be put 9 good condition = ! but*]4 ,on ! ri* bottoms & o!r l&s ( ! ,we/1 h[ev]1 :]e ,indian corn is rais$ 9 pr(usion & at small exp5se1 !y c be re>$ 9 ! greate/ numb]s & yield ! l>ge/ pr(it4 ,! ,scioto1 ,miami1 ,waba%1 ,ill9ois1 & o!r valleys1 & ext5sive tracts 9 ,k5tucky1 ,t5nessee1 ,miss\ri1 & "s adjo9+ ,/ates1 h = _m ye>s tak5 ! lead 9 ! production ( ,sw9e2 & x is probable t ! climate & soil1 :i* are peculi>ly suit$ to _! rapid gr[?1 z well z t ( _! appropriate food1 w enable !m to hold _! position z ! lead+ pork-produc]s ( ! ,nor? ,am]ican ,cont95t4 ,! bre$s cultivat$ 9 ?is c\ntry are num]\s2 &1 l our native cattle1 !y embrace _m ( ! be/1 & a few ( ! wor/1 to be f\nd among ! species4 ,great att5tion has be5 paid1 = _m ye>s1 to _! improvem5t 9 ! ,ea/]n ,/ates2 & n[h]e are !re bett] specim5s ?an 9 _m ( _! y>ds4 ,?is _s has rapidly ext5d$ ,we/ & ,s\?2 & among mo/ ( ! intellig5t f>m]s1 :o make !m a lead+ object ( att5tion1 on _! ri* corn-gr\nds1 sw9e h atta9$ a high degree ( excell5ce4 ,?is does n consi/ 9 ! introduction & p]petuity ( any di/9ct races1 s mu* z 9 ! bre$+ up to a desirable size & aptitude = fatt5+1 f su* m]itori\s individuals ( any bre$1 or _! crosses1 z come )9 _! rea*4 ,,! ,,byefield4 ,?is bre$ 0 =m]ly 9 high repute 9 ! ,ea/]n ,/ates1 & did mu* good among ! species g5]ally4 ,!y are :ite1 ) f9e curly hair1 well made & compact1 mod]ate 9 size & l5g?1 ) broad backs1 & at fifte5 mon?s atta9+ "s ?ree hundr$ to ?ree hundr$ & fifty p\nds net4 ,,! ,,b$=d4 ,! ,b$=d or ,woburn is a bre$ orig9at+ ) ! ,duke ( ,b$=d1 on 8 e/ate at ,woburn1 & br\ght to _! p]fection1 probably1 by judici\s crosses ( ! ,*9ese hog on "s ( ! be/ ,engli% sw9e4 ,a pair 0 s5t by ! duke to ?is c\ntry1 z a pres5t to ,g5]al ,wa%+ton2 b !y 7 di%one/ly sold by ! mess5g]1 9 ,m>yl&1 9 :i* ,/ate1 & 9 ,p5nsylvania1 !y 7 productive ( mu* good at an e>ly day1 by _! ext5sive di/ribution ?r\gh diff]5t ,/ates4 ,sev]al o!r importations ( ?is bre$ h be5 made at v>i\s times1 & especially by ! ent]pris+ ma/]s ( ! ,liv]pool packets1 9 ! neighborhood ( ,new ,york4 ,!y are a l>ge1 spott$ animal1 well made1 & incl9+ to e>ly maturity & fatt5+4 ,?is is an exce$+ly valuable hog1 b ne>ly ext9ct1 bo? 9 ,engl& & 9 ?is c\ntry1 z a bre$4 ,,! ,,leice/]4 ,! old ,leice/]%ire bre$1 9 ,engl&1 0 a p]fect type ( ! orig9al hogs ( ! midl& c\nties2 l>ge1 unga9ly1 slab-sid$ animals1 ( a light color1 & spott$ ) br[n or black4 ,! only good p>ts ab\t !m 7 _! heads & e>s1 :i* %[$ great] traces ( bre$+ ?an any o!r portions4 ,^! h be5 mat]ially improv$ by v>i\s crosses1 & ! orig9al bre$ has ne>ly lo/ all its peculi>ities & defects4 ,!y may n[ be *>act]iz$ z a l>ge1 :ite hog1 g5]ally co>se 9 ! bone & hair1 great eat]s1 & sl[ 9 matur+4 ,"s v>ieties diff] ess5tially 9 ^! p>ticul>s1 & mature e>ly on a mod]ate am\nt ( food4 ,! crosses ) small compact bre$s are g5]ally ?rifty1 desirable animals4 ,,! ,,york%ire4 ,! old ,york%ire bre$ 0 "o ( ! v l>ge v>ieties1 & "o ( ! mo/ unpr(itable = a f>m]1 be+ gre$y fe$]s1 difficult to fatt51 & uns\nd 9 con/itution4 ,!y 7 ( a dirty :ite or yell[ color1 spott$ ) black1 _h long legs1 flat sides1 n>r[ backs1 weak lo9s1 & l>ge bones4 ,_! hair 0 %ort & wirey1 & int]m+l$ ) num]\s bri/les ab\t ! head & neck1 & _! e>s long4 ,:5 full gr[n & fat1 !y seldom weigh$ m ?an f ?ree hundr$ & fifty to f\r hundr$ p\nds4 ,^! h be5 cross$ ) pigs ( ! improv$ ,leice/] bre$2 & :]e ! cross+s h be5 judici\sly manag$1 & n c>ri$ too f>1 a f9e race ( deep-sid$1 %ort-legg$1 ?9-hair$ animals has be5 obta9$1 fatt5+ k9dly1 & ris+ to a weight ( f two hundr$ & fifty to f\r hundr$ p\nds1 :5 kill$ betwe5 "o & two ye>s old2 & :5 kept ov] two ye>s1 rea*+ ev5 f five hundr$ to sev5 hundr$ p\nds4 ,!y h also be5 cross$ ) ! ,*9ese1 ,neapolitan1 & ,b]k%ire bre$s1 & h>dy1 pr(itable1 well-proportion$ animals !reby obta9$4 ,! orig9al bre$1 9 its purity1 size1 & defectiv5ess1 is n[ h>dly to be met )1 hav+ %>$ ! fate ( ! o!r l>ge old bre$s1 & giv5 place to small] & m symmetrical animals4 ,! ,york%ire :ite is among ! l>ge bre$s des]v+ comm5dation among u4 ,to ! same class belong also ! l>ge ,miami :ite1 & ! ,k5ilwor?2 ea* frequ5tly atta9+1 :5 dress$1 a weight ( f six hundr$ to eight hundr$ p\nds4 ,,! ,,*9ese4 ,?is hog is to be f\nd 9 ! s\?-ea/]n c\ntries ( ,asia1 z ,siam1 ,co*9 ,*9a1 ! ,burman ,empire1 ,cambodia1 ,malacca1 ,sumatra1 & 9 ,batavia1 & o!r ,ea/]n isl&s2 & is1 )\t d\bt1 ! p>5t /ock ( ! be/ ,european & ,am]ican sw9e4 ,!re are two di/9ct v>ieties1 ! :ite & ! black2 bo? fatt5 readily1 b f _! dim9utive size atta9 no great weight4 ,!y are small 9 limb1 r\nd 9 body1 %ort 9 ! head1 wide 9 ! *eek1 & high 9 ! *ime2 cov]$ ) v f9e bri/les gr[+ f an exce$+ly ?9 sk92 & n peculi>ly symmetrical1 s9ce1 :5 fat1 ! head is s buri$ 9 ! neck t little m ?an ! tip ( ! sn\t is visible4 ,! pure ,*9ese is too delicate & susceptible to cold ev] to become a really pr(itable animal 9 ?is c\ntry2 x is difficult to re>1 & ! s[s are n good nurses2 b "o or two judici\s crosses h1 9 a mann]1 naturaliz$ x4 ,?is bre$ w fatt5 readily1 & on a comp>atively small quantity ( food2 ! fle% is exce$+ly delicate1 b does n make good bacon1 & is (t5 too fat & oily to be g5]ally e/eem$ z pork4 ,!y are *iefly kept by ^? :o re> suck+-pigs = ! m>ket1 z !y make excell5t roa/]s at ?ree weeks or a mon? old4 ,five1 & ev5 sev51 v>ieties ( ?is bre$ are di/+ui%$1 b ^! are d\btless ! results ( diff]5t crosses ) our native k9ds2 among ^! are black1 :ite1 black & :ite1 spott$1 blue & :ite1 & s&y4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,*9ese ,,hog4 ,_m valuable crosses h be5 made ) ^! animals2 = ! preval5t fault ( ! old ,engli% bre$s hav+ be5 co>s5ess ( fle%1 unwield9ess ( =m1 & want ( aptitude to fatt51 an admixture ( ! ,*9ese bre$ has mat]ially correct$ ^! defects4 ,mo/ ( our small] bre$s are m or less indebt$ to ! ,asiatic sw9e = _! pres5t compactness ( =m1 ! read9ess ) :i* !y fatt5 on a small quantity ( food1 & _! e>ly maturity2 b ^! advantages are n consid]$1 9 ! judgm5t ( "s1 z suffici5tly great to comp5sate = ! dim9ution 9 size1 ! increas$ delicacy ( ! animals1 & ! decrease ( numb] 9 ! litt]s4 ,! be/ cross is betwe5 ! ,b]k%ire & ,*9ese4 ,,! ,,suffolk4 ,! old ,suffolks are :ite 9 color1 long-legg$1 long-bodi$1 ) n>r[ backs1 broad =eheads1 %ort hams1 & an abundance ( bri/les4 ,!y are by no means pr(itable animals4 ,a cross betwe5 ! ,suffolk & ,l9coln has produc$ a h>dy animal1 :i* fatt5s k9dly1 & atta9s ! weight ( f f\r hundr$ to five hundr$ & fifty1 & ev5 sev5 hundr$ p\nds4 ,ano!r cross1 mu* approv$ by f>m]s1 is t ( ! ,suffolk & ,b]k%ire4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,suffolk ,,pig4 ,!re are few bett] bre$s1 p]haps1 ?an ! improv$ ,suffolk--t is1 ! ,suffolk cross$ ) ! ,*9ese4 ,! great] "p ( ! pigs on ! late ,pr9ce ,alb]t's f>m1 ne> ,w9dsor1 7 ( ?is bre$4 ,!y are well-=m$1 compact1 ( m$ium size1 ) r\nd1 bulky bodies1 %ort legs1 small heads1 & fat *eeks4 ,_m1 at a ye> or fifte5 mon?s old1 weigh f two hundr$ & fifty to ?ree hundr$ p\nds2 at :i* age !y make f9e bacon hogs4 ,! suck+-pigs are also v delicate & delici\s4 ,^? aris+ f ,b]k%ire & ,suffolk are n s well %ap$ z ! latt]1 be+ co>s]1 long]-legg$1 & m prom95t ab\t ! hips4 ,!y are mo/ly :ite1 ) ?91 f9e hair2 "s few are spott$1 & are easily kept 9 f9e condition2 !y h a decid$ aptitude to fatt5 e>ly1 & are likewise valuable z /ore-pigs4 ,,! ,,b]k%ire4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,b]k%ire ,,bo>4 ,! ,b]k%ire pigs belong to ! l>ge class1 & are di/+ui%$ by _! color1 :i* is a s&y or :iti% br[n1 spott$ regul>ly ) d>k br[n or black spots1 & by _! hav+ no bri/les4 ,! hair is long1 ?91 some:at curly1 & looks r\gh2 ! e>s are fr+$ ) long hair r\nd ! out] edge1 :i* gives !m a ragg$ or fea!ry appe>ance2 ! body is ?ick1 compact1 & well =m$2 ! legs %ort1 ! sides broad1 ! head well set on1 ! sn\t %ort1 ! j[l ?ick1 ! e>s erect1 sk9 exce$+ly ?9 9 texture1 ! fle% firm & well flavor$1 & ! bacon v sup]ior4 ,?is bre$ has g5]ally be5 consid]$ "o ( ! be/ 9 ,engl&1 on acc\nt ( its smallness ( bone1 e>ly maturity1 aptitude to fatt5 on little food1 h>dihood1 & ! females be+ good bre$]s4 ,hogs ( ! pure orig9al bre$ h be5 kn[n to weigh f eight hundr$ to n9e hundr$ & fifty p\nds4 ,num]\s crosses h be5 made f ?is bre$2 ! pr9cipal =eign ones are ^? ) ! ,*9ese & ,neapolitan sw9e1 made ) ! view ( decreas+ ! size ( ! animal1 improv+ ! flavor ( ! fle%1 & r5d]+ x m delicate2 & ! animals ?us atta9$ are sup]ior to almo/ any o!rs 9 _! aptitude to fatt52 b are v susceptible to cold1 f be+ almo/ entirely )\t hair4 ,a cross ) ! ,suffolk & ,norfolk also is mu* improv$1 :i* produces a h>dy k9d1 yield+ well :5 s5t to ! but*]2 al?\gh1 "u mo/ circum/ances1 ! pure ,b]k%ire is ! be/4 ,no o!r bre$s h be5 s ext5sively diffus$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 )9 comp>atively s brief a p]iod1 z ! ,b]k%ires1 & !y h produc$ a m>k$ improvem5t 9 _m ( our =m] races4 ,!y weigh v>i\sly1 f two hundr$ & fifty to f\r hundr$ p\nds net1 at sixte5 mon?s1 accord+ to _! food & /yle ( bre$+2 & "s full-gr[n h dress$ to m ?an eight hundr$ p\nds4 ,!y p>ticul>ly excel 9 _! hams1 :i* are r\nd1 full1 & heavy1 & conta9 a l>ge proportion ( lean1 t5d]1 & juicy meat1 ( ! be/ flavor4 ,none ( our improv$ bre$s af=d long1 co>se hair or bri/les2 & x is a gratify+ evid5ce ( our decid$ improvem5t 9 ?is dep>tm5t ( dome/ic animals1 t our bru%-mak]s are oblig$ to import mo/ ( :at !y use f ,russia & nor!rn ,europe4 ,?is improvem5t is manife/ n only 9 ! hair1 b 9 ! sk91 :i* is s(t & mell[ to ! t\*2 9 ! f9] bones1 %ort] head1 upright e>s1 di%+ face1 delicate muzzle1 & wild eye2 & 9 ! %ort legs1 l[ flanks1 deep & wide *e/1 broad back1 & e>ly maturity4 ,,! ,,natural ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,hog4 ,illu/ration3 ,,skeleton ,,( ,,! ,,hog ,,z ,,cov]$ ,,by ,,! ,,muscles4 #a4 ,! l[] jaw4 #b4 ,! tee?4 #c4 ,! nasal bones4 #d4 ,! upp] jaw4 #e4 ,! frontal bone4 #f4 ,! orbit or socket ( ! eye4 #g4 ,! occipital bone4 #h4 ,! fir/ v]tebrae ( ! neck4 #i4 ,! v]tebrae ( ! neck4 #aj4 ,! v]tebrae ( ! back4 #aa4 ,! v]tebrae ( ! lo9s4 #ab4 ,! bones ( ! tail4 #ac1 #ad4 ,! true & false ribs4 #ae4 ,! %\ld]-blade4 #af4 ,! r\nd %\ld]-bone #ag4 ,! brea/-bone4 #ah4 ,! elb[4 #ai4 ,! bone ( ! =e-arm4 #bj4 ,! navicul> bone4 #ba4 ,! fir/ & second bones ( ! foot4 #bb4 ,! bones ( ! ho(4 #bc4 ,! haun* bones4 #bd4 ,! ?igh bone4 #be4 ,! /ifle bone4 #bf4 ,! upp] bone ( ! leg4 #bg4 ,! hock bones4 #bh4 ,! navicul> bone4 #bi4 ,! fir/ digits ( ! foot4 #cj4 ,! second digits ( ! foot4 ,,division4 ,v]tebrata--possess+ a back-bone4 ,,class4 ,mammalia--su* z give suck4 ,,ord]4 ,pa*yd]mata--?ick-sk9n$4 ,,family4 ,suidae--! sw9e k9d4 ,,g5us4 ,sus--! hog4 ,( ?is g5us !re are five v>ieties4 ,sus ,scropa1 or ,dome/ic ,hog4 ,sus ,papu5sis1 or ,b5e4 ,sus ,gu9e5sis1 or ,gu9ea ,hog4 ,sus ,africanus1 or ,mask$ ,bo>4 ,sus ,babirussa1 or ,babirussa4 ,a v slight comp>ison ( ! face ( ?is animal ) t ( any o!r w prove t /r5g? is ! object 9 view--/r5g? t[>d ! inf]ior "p ( ! bone4 ,9 po9t ( fact1 ! sn\t ( ! hog is 8 spade1 ) :i*1 9 8 natural /ate1 he digs & ruts 9 ! gr\nd = roots1 e>?-nuts1 worms1 etc4 ,to r5d] ?is implem5t m ne>ly p]fect1 an extra bone is add$ to ! nasal bone1 be+ connect$ ) x by /rong ligam5ts1 c>tilages1 & muscles1 & t]m$ ! sn\t-bone1 or spade-bone1 or pl\gh%>e4 ,by x & its c>tilag9\s atta*m5t1 ! sn\t is r5d]$ /rong z well z flexible1 & f> m effici5t ?an x o!rwise c\ld be2 & ! hog (t5 cont9ues to give bo? f>m]s & g>d5]s v unpleasant pro(s ( its effici5cy1 by pl\gh+ up deep furr[s 9 newly-s[n fields1 & grubb+ up ! soil 9 all directions 9 que/ ( liv+ & dead food4 ,z roots & fruits buri$ 9 ! e>? =m ! natural food ( ! hog1 8 face t]m9ates 9 ?is /rong1 muscul> sn\t1 ins5sible at ! extremity1 & p]fectly adapt$ = turn+ up ! soil4 ,!re is a l>ge plexus or fold ( n]ves proce$+ d[n ea* side ( ! nose2 & 9 ^!1 d\btless1 resides t peculi> p[] :i* enables ! hog to select 8 food1 ?\gh buri$ "s in*es bel[ ! surface ( ! gr\nd4 ,! olfactory n]ve is likewise l>ge1 & occupies a middle rank betwe5 t ( ! h]bivor\s & c>nivor\s animals2 x is comp>atively l>g] ?an t ( ! ox2 inde$1 few animals--) ! exception ( ! dog1 none--are gift$ ) a m acute s5se ( smell ?an ! hog4 ,to x epicures are indebt$ = ! truffles :i* =m su* a delici\s sauce1 = !y are ! actual f9d]s4 ,a pig is turn$ into a field1 all[$ to pursue 8 own c\rse1 & wat*$4 ,he /ops1 & beg9s to grub up ! e>?2 ! man hurries up1 drives him away1 & secures ! truffle1 :i* is inv>iably gr[+ "u t spot2 & ! poor pig goes (f to sniff out ano!r1 & ano!r1 only n[ & !n be+ p]mitt$1 by way ( enc\ragem5t1 to reap ! fruits ( 8 rese>*4 ,,=mation ,,( ,,! ,,tee?4 ,! hog has f\rte5 mol> tee? 9 ea* jaw1 six incisors1 & two can9es2 ^! latt] are curv$ upw>d1 & commonly d5om9at$ tu%es4 ,! mol> tee? are all slightly diff]5t 9 /ructure1 & increase 9 size f fir/ to la/2 !y be> no slight resemblance to ^? ( ! human be+4 ,! incisors are s fanta/ic 9 =m t !y _c well be describ$1 & _! de/9$ functions are by no means cle>4 ,^? 9 ! l[] jaw are long1 r\nd1 & ne>ly /raight2 ( ^? 9 ! upp] jaw1 f\r closely resemble ! correspond+ tee? 9 ! horse2 :ile ! two corn] incisors be> some?+ ( ! %ape ( ^? ( ! dog4 ,^! latt] are plac$ s ne> ! tu%es z (t5 to ob/ruct _! gr[?1 & x is sometimes necess>y to draw !m1 9 ord] to relieve ! animal & enable him to fe$4 ,! hog is born ) two mol>s on ea* side ( ! jaw2 by ! "t he is ?ree or f\r mon?s old1 he is provid$ ) 8 incisive milk-tee? & ! tu%es2 ! sup]num]>y mol>s protrude betwe5 ! fif? & sev5? mon?1 z does ! fir/ back mol>2 ! second back mol> is cut at ab\t ! age ( t5 mon?s2 & ! ?ird1 g5]ally1 n until ! animal is ?ree ye>s old4 ,! upp] corn] tee? are %$ at ab\t ! age ( six or eight mon?s2 & ! l[] ones at ab\t sev51 n9e1 or t5 mon?s old1 & replac$ by ! p]man5t ones4 ,! milk tu%es are also %$ & replac$ betwe5 six & t5 mon?s old4 ,! age ( tw5ty mon?s1 & f t to two ye>s1 is d5ot$ by ! %$d+ & replacem5t ( ! middle incisors1 or p9c]s1 9 bo? jaws1 & ! =mation ( a black circle at ! base ( ea* ( ! tu%es4 ,at ab\t two ye>s & a half or ?ree ye>s ( age1 ! adult middle tee? 9 bo? jaws protrude1 & ! p9c]s are becom+ black & r\nd$ at ! ends4 ,aft] ?ree ye>s1 ! age may be comput$ by ! gr[? ( ! tu%es2 at ab\t f\r ye>s1 or r be=e1 ! upp] tu%es beg9 to raise ! lip2 at five1 !y protrude ?r\gh ! lips2 & at six ye>s1 ! tu%es ( ! l[] jaw beg9 to %[ !mselves out ( ! m\?1 & assume a spiral =m4 ,^! acquire a prodigi\s l5g? 9 old animals1 & p>ticul>ly 9 unca/rat$ bo>s2 & z !y increase 9 size1 !y become curv$ backw>d & outw>d1 & at l5g? are s crook$ z to int]f]e ) ! motion ( ! jaws to su* a degree t x is necess>y to cut (f ^? project+ tee?1 :i* is done ) ! file1 or ) nipp]s4 ,illu/ration ,,bre$+ ,,& ,,managem5t ,,bre$+ ,9 ! selection ( a bo> & s[ = bre$+1 mu* m att5tion & consid]ation are requisite ?an is g5]ally imag9$4 ,x is z easy1 ) a v little judgm5t & managem5t1 to procure a good z an inf]ior bre$2 & ! =m] is mu* m remun]ative1 9 proportion to ! outlay1 ?an ! latt] c possibly ev] be4 ,! object ( ! f>m] or bre$] is to produce & reta9 su* an animal z w be be/ adapt$ to ! purpose he has 9 view1 :e!r t is ! consumption ( c]ta9 ?+s :i* c\ld n o!rwise be s well dispos$ (1 ! conv]t+ into hams1 bacon1 & pork1 or ! rais+ ( suck+-pigs & pork]s = ! m>ket4 ,almo/ all f>m]s keep "o or m pigs to dev\r ! (fal & refuse1 :i* w\ld o!rwise be wa/$4 ,?is is1 h[ev]1 a matt] totally di/9ct f bre$+ sw9e4 ,9 ! =m] case1 ! animal or animals are pur*as$ "y = a small price1 ea* p]son buy+ z _m z he consid]s he %all h food en\gh =1 & !n sold to ! but*]1 or kill$1 :5 9 prop] condition2 & ?us a c]ta9 degree ( pr(it is realiz$4 ,9 ! latt]1 _m cont+5cies mu/ be tak5 into acc\nt3 ! available means ( fe$+ !m2 :e!r or n ! food may be m pr(itably dispos$ (2 ! facilities af=d$ by railroads1 ! vic9ity ( t[ns1 or l>ge m>kets1 etc41 = dispos+ ( !m4 ,9 ! bre$+ ( sw9e1 z mu* z t ( any o!r live/ock1 x is important to pay great att5tion1 n only to ! bre$1 b also to ! *oice ( individuals4 ,! s[ %\ld produce a great numb] ( "y ones1 & %e mu/ be well f$ to enable h] to support !m4 ,"s s[s br+ =? t51 twelve1 or ev5 fifte5 pigs at a bir?2 b eight or n9e is ! usual numb]2 & s[s :i* produce few] ?an ?is mu/ be reject$4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 probable t fecundity dep5ds also on ! bo>2 he %\ld1 !re=e1 be *os5 f a race :i* multiplies quickly4 ,if a bacon & a late m>ket be objects1 ! l>ge & heavy v>ieties %\ld be select$1 c>e be+ tak5 t ! bre$ has ! "* ( possess+ ^? qualities mo/ likely to insure a heavy return--gr[?1 & facility ( tak+ fat4 ,good "o-ye> bacon-hogs be+ 9 great dem&1 !y may be kn[n by _! long bodies1 l[ bellies1 & %ort legs4 ,) ^! qualities are usually c\pl$ long1 p5dul\s e>s1 :i* attract pur*as]s4 ,if1 h[ev]1 hogs are to be sold at all seasons to ! but*]s1 ! animals mu/ atta9 _! full gr[? & be ready = kill+ be=e !y are a ye> old4 ,?is quality is p>ticul>ly prom95t 9 ! ,*9ese bre$2 b among our ord9>y v>ieties1 hogs are (t5 met ) bett] adapt$ = ?is purpose ?an = produc+ l>ge quantities ( bacon & l>d4 ,! ,b]k%ire cross$ ) ,*9ese is an excell5t pork]4 ,! s[ %\ld be *os5 f a bre$ ( prop] size & %ape1 s\nd & free f blemi%es & defects4 ,9 e case--:e!r ! object be pork or bacon--! po9ts to be look$ = 9 ! s[ are a small1 lively head2 a broad & deep *e/2 r\nd ribs2 capaci\s b>rel2 a haun* fall+ almo/ to ! h\gh2 deep & broad lo92 ample hips2 & consid]able l5g? ( body1 9 proportion to its height4 ,"o qualification %\ld ev] be kept 9 view1 &1 p]haps1 %\ld be ! fir/ po9t to :i* ! att5tion %\ld be direct$--t is1 smallness ( bone4 ,%e %\ld h at lea/ twelve teats2 = x is obs]v$ t ea* pig selects a teat = himself & keeps to x1 s t a pig n hav+ "o belong+ to him w\ld be />v$4 ,a good s[ %\ld produce a great numb] ( pigs1 all ( equal vigor4 ,%e mu/ be v c>eful ( !m1 & n cru% !m by h] weight2 above all1 %e mu/ n be addict$ to eat+ ! aft]-bir?1 &1 :at may (t5 foll[1 h] own "y4 ,if a s[ is ta9t$ ) ^? bad habits1 or if %e has difficult labors1 or br+s =? dead pigs1 %e mu/ be spay$ =?)4 ,x is1 !re=e1 well to br+ up sev]al "y s[s at once1 s z to keep ^? only :i* are free f defects4 ,bre$+ s[s & bo>s %\ld nev] be rais$ f defective animals4 ,s[s t h v l[ bellies1 almo/ t\*+ ! gr\nd1 seldom produce l>ge or f9e litt]s4 ,a good-siz$ s[ is g5]ally consid]$ m likely to prove a good bre$] & nurse1 & to f>r[ m easily & safely ?an a small1 delicate animal4 ,! anci5ts consid]$ ! di/+ui%+ m>ks ( a good bo> to be a small head1 %ort legs1 a long body1 l>ge ?ighs & neck1 & ?is latt] "p ?ickly cov]$ ) /rong1 erect bri/les4 ,! mo/ exp]i5c$ mod]n bre$]s pref] an animal ) a long1 cyl9drical body2 small bones2 well-develop$ muscles2 a wide *e/1 :i* d5otes /r5g? ( con/itution2 a broad1 /raight back2 %ort head & f9e sn\t2 brilliant eyes2 a %ort1 ?ick neck2 broad1 well-develop$ %\ld]s2 a loose1 mell[ sk92 f9e1 bright1 long hair1 & few bri/les2 & small legs & hips4 ,"s give ! pref]5ce to long1 flapp+ e>s2 b exp]i5ce seems to demon/rate t ^? animals are be/ :i* h %ort1 erect1 f9e e>s4 ,! bo> %\ld always be vigor\s & mascul9e 9 appe>ance4 ,few dome/icat$ animals suff] s mu* f 9-&-9 bre$+ z sw9e4 ,:]e ?is sy/em is pursu$1 ! numb] ( "y ones is decreas$ at e litt]1 until ! s[s become1 9 a mann]1 b>r54 ,?is practice also und\bt$ly contributes to _! liability to h]$it>y diseases1 su* z scr(ula1 epilepsy1 & rheumatism2 & :5 ^? possess+ any su* diseases are c\pl$1 ! ru9 ( ! flock is easily & spe$ily effect$1 s9ce !y are propagat$ by ei!r p>5t1 & always mo/ c]ta9ly & 9 mo/ aggravat$ =m1 :5 occurr+ 9 bo?4 ,z soon z ! slighte/ deg5]acy is obs]v$1 ! bre$ %\ld be cross$ f "t to "t1 keep+ sight1 h[ev]1 :ile s do+1 ( ! end 9 view4 ,! ,*9ese w g5]ally be f\nd ! be/ :i* c be us$ = ?is purpose2 s9ce a s+le cross1 & ev5 two1 ) "o ( ^! animals1 w seldom d h>m1 b (t5 effect consid]able improvem5ts4 ,! be/ =m$ ( ! prog5y result+ f ?is cross mu/ be select$ z bre$]s1 & ) !m ! old orig9al /ock cross$ back aga94 ,selection1 ) judici\s & cauti\s admixture1 is ! true secret ( =m+ & improv+ ! bre$4 ,repeat$ & indiscrim9ate crosses are z injuri\s z an ob/9ate adh]5ce to "o p>ticul> bre$1 & z mu* to be avoid$4 ,! foll[+ rules = ! selection ( ! be/ /ock ( hogs w apply to all bre$s3 ,f]tility4 ,9 a bre$+ s[1 ?is quality is ess5tial1 & x is "o :i* is inh]it$4 ,besides ?is1 %e %\ld be a c>eful "m4 ,a "y1 untri$ s[ w g5]ally display 9 h] t5d5cies ^? :i* h pr$om9at$ 9 ! race f :i* %e has desc5d$4 ,bo? bo> & s[ %\ld be s\nd1 heal?y1 & 9 fair1 b n ov] fat1 condition4 ,=m4 ,:]e a f>m] has an excell5t bre$1 b ) c]ta9 defects1 or too long 9 ! limb1 or too heavy 9 ! bone1 ! sire to be *os51 :e!r ( a pure or ( a cross bre$1 %\ld exhibit ! opposite qualities1 ev5 to an extreme2 & be1 moreov]1 "o ( a /ra9 not$ = e>ly & rapid fatt5+4 ,if 9 p]fect heal?1 "y /ock select$ = bre$+ w be lively1 animat$1 hold up ! head1 & move freely & nimbly4 ,bri/les4 ,^! %\ld be f9e & scanty1 s z to %[ ! sk9 smoo? & glossy2 co>se1 wirey1 r\gh bri/les usually accompany heavy bones1 l>ge1 spread+ ho(s1 & flapp+ e>s1 & ?us become "o ( ! indications ( a ?ick-sk9n$ & l[ bre$4 ,color4 ,diff]5t bre$s ( high excell5ce h _! own colors2 :ite1 black1 p>ti-color$1 black & :ite1 s&y1 mottl$ ) l>ge m>ks ( black1 are ! mo/ preval5t4 ,a black sk91 ) %ort1 scanty bri/les1 & small /ature1 demon/rate ! preval5ce ( ! ,neapolitan /ra91 or ! black ,*9ese1 or1 p]haps1 an admixture ( bo?4 ,_m pref] :ite2 & 9 suck+-pigs1 de/9$ = ! table1 & = pork]s1 ?is color has its advantages1 & ! sk9 looks m attractive2 x is1 h[ev]1 g5]ally ?\ght t ! sk9 ( black hogs is ?9n] ?an t ( :ite1 & less subject to eruptive diseases4 ,! influ5ce ( a fir/ impregnation ^u subsequ5t prog5y by o!r males is at times curi\sly illu/rat$4 ,?is has be5 notic$ 9 respect ( ! s[4 ,a s[ ( ! black & :ite bre$1 9 "o in/ance1 became pregnant by a bo> ( ! wild bre$ ( a deep *e/nut color4 ,! pigs produc$ 7 duly mix$1 ! color ( ! bo> be+ v pr$om9ant 9 "s4 ,! s[ be+ aft]w>ds put to a bo> ( ! same bre$ z h]self1 "s ( ! produce 7 /ill /a9$ or m>k$ ) ! *e/nut color :i* prevail$ 9 ! fir/ litt]2 & ! same occurr$ aft] a ?ird impregnation1 ! bo> be+ !n ( ! same k9d z h]self4 ,:at adds to ! =ce ( ?is case is1 t 9 ! c\rse ( _m ye>s' obs]vation1 ! bre$ 9 "q 0 nev] kn[n to produce prog5y hav+ ! slighte/ t+e ( *e/nut color4 ,a s[ is capable ( conceiv+ at ! age ( six or sev5 mon?s2 b x is always bett] n to let h] comm5ce bre$+ too e>ly1 z x t5ds to weak5 h]4 ,f t5 to twelve mon?s--& ! latt] is pref]able--is ab\t ! be/ age4 ,! bo> %\ld be1 at lea/1 a twelvemon? old--"s ev5 recomm5d eighte5 mon?s1 at lea/--be=e he is employ$ = ! purpose ( propagat+ 8 species4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! s[ has atta9$ h] second ye>1 & ! bo> 8 ?ird1 a vigor\s & num]\s (fspr+ is m likely to result4 ,! bo> & s[ reta9 _! ability to bre$ = almo/ five ye>s2 t is1 until ! =m] is upw>d ( eight ye>s old1 & ! latt] sev54 ,x is n advisable1 h[ev]1 to use a bo> aft] he has pass$ 8 fif? ye>1 nor a s[ aft] h] f\r?1 unless %e has prov$ a peculi>ly valuable bre$]--9 :i* case %e might produce two or ?ree m litt]s4 ,a bo> left on ! pa/ure1 at lib]ty ) ! s[s1 might suffice = ?irty or =ty ( !m2 b z he is commonly %ut up1 & all[$ access at /at$ times only1 s t ! "y ones may be born at ne>ly ! same "t1 x is usual to all[ him to s]ve f six to t5--on no acc\nt %\ld he s]ve m4 ,! be/ plan is1 to %ut up ! bo> & s[ 9 a /y toge!r2 =1 :5 turn$ 9 among sev]al females1 he is apt to ride !m s (t5 t he exhau/s himself )\t effect4 ,! bre$+ bo> %\ld be f$ well & kept 9 high condition1 b n fat4 ,full gr[n bo>s be+ (t5 savage & difficult to tame1 & prone to attack m5 & animals1 %\ld be depriv$ ( _! tusks4 ,:5ev] x is practicable1 x %\ld always be s arrang$ t ! animals %all f>r[ e>ly 9 ! spr+1 & at ! latt] end ( summ]1 or q ! beg9n+ ( autumn4 ,9 ! =m] case1 ! "y pigs w h ! run ( ! e>ly pa/ures1 :i* w be a b5efit to !m1 & a sav+ to _! own]s2 & !re w also be m :ey1 milk1 & o!r dairy produce :i* c be sp>$ = !m by ! "t !y are ready to be wean$4 ,9 ! second case1 !re w be suffici5t "t = ! "y to h gr[n & acquir$ /r5g? be=e ! cold wea!r comes on1 :i* is always v injuri\s to suck+-pigs4 ,,po9ts ,,( ,a ,,good ,,hog4 ,x may be n amiss to gr\p toge!r :at is deem$ desirable "u ?is head4 ,no "o %\ld be l$ away by m]e "n 9 8 selection ( a hog4 ,x may be call$ a ,b]k%ire1 or a ,suffolk1 or any o!r bre$ mo/ 9 e/imation1 & yet1 9 reality1 may possess none ( ?is valuable blood4 ,! only sure way to avoid imposition is1 to make "n always second>y to po9ts4 ,if a hog is f\nd possess+ su* po9ts ( =m z are calculat$ to insure e>ly maturity & faculty ( tak+ on fle%1 "o ne$s to c>e b little by :at "n he is call$2 s9ce no m]e "n c be/[ value ^u an animal defici5t 9 ! qualities already indicat$4 ,! true ,b]k%ire--t possess+ a da% ( ! ,*9ese & ,neapolitan v>ieties--comes1 p]haps1 ne>] to ! desir$ /&>d ?an any o!r4 ,! *ief po9ts :i* *>act]ize su* a hog are ! foll[+3--,9 ! fir/ place1 suffici5t dep? ( c>cass1 & su* an elongation ( body z w insure a suffici5t lat]al expansion4 ,! lo9 & brea/ %\ld be broad4 ,! bread? ( ! =m] d5otes good room = ! play ( ! lungs1 &1 z a consequ5ce1 a free & heal?y circulation1 ess5tial to ! ?riv+ or fatt5+ ( any animal4 ,! bone %\ld be small1 & ! jo9ts f9e--no?+ is m indicative ( high bre$+ ?an ?is2 & ! legs %\ld be no long] ?an1 :5 fully fat1 w\ld j prev5t ! animal's belly f trail+ ^u ! gr\nd4 ,! leg is ! lea/ pr(itable portion ( ! hog1 & no m ( x is requir$ ?an is absolutely necess>y = ! support ( ! re/4 ,! feet %\ld be firm & s\nd2 ! toes %\ld lie well toge!r1 & press /raightly ^u ! gr\nd2 ! claws1 also1 %\ld be ev51 upright & heal?y4 ,! =m ( ! head is sometimes deem$ ( little or no consequ5ce1 x be+ g5]ally1 p]haps1 suppos$ t a good hog may h an ugly head2 b ! head ( all animals is "o ( ! v pr9cipal po9ts 9 :i* pure or impure bre$+ w be mo/ obvi\sly indicat$4 ,a high-br$ animal w inv>iably be f\nd to arrive m spe$ily at maturity1 to take fle% m easily1 & at an e>li] p]iod1 &1 altoge!r1 to turn out m pr(itably ?an "o ( que/ionable or impure /ock4 ,su* be+ ! case1 ! head ( ! hog is a po9t by no means to be ov]look$4 ,! description ( head mo/ likely to promise--or1 r to be ! accompanim5t (--high bre$+1 is "o n c>ry+ heavy bones1 n too flat on ! =ehead1 or possess+ a sn\t too elongat$2 ! sn\t %\ld be %ort1 & ! =ehead r convex1 curv+ upw>d2 & ! e>1 :ile p5dul\s1 %\ld incl9e some:at =w>d1 & at ! same "t be light & ?94 ,! c>riage ( ! pig %\ld also be notic$4 ,if ?is be dull1 heavy1 & deject$1 "o may reasonably suspect ill heal?1 if n "s conceal$ disord] actually exi/+1 or j ab\t to break =?2 & !re _c be a m unfavorable symptom ?an a hung-d[n1 sl\*+ head4 ,( c\rse1 a fat hog = slaught] & a s[ heavy ) "y1 h n mu* sprightl9ess ( deportm5t4 ,color is1 likewise1 n to be disreg>d$4 ,^? colors are pref]able :i* are *>act]i/ic ( ! mo/ e/eem$ bre$s4 ,if ! hair is scant1 black is desirable1 z d5ot+ connection ) ! ,neapolitan2 if too b>e ( hair1 a too intimate alliance ) t v>iety may be appreh5d$1 & a consequ5t want ( h>dihood1 :i*--h[ev] unimportant1 if pork be ! object--r5d]s su* animals a haz>d\s speculation = /ore purposes1 on acc\nt ( _! extreme susceptibility ( cold1 & consequ5t liability to disease4 ,if :ite1 & n too small1 !y are valuable z exhibit+ connection ) ! ,*9ese4 ,if light1 or s&y1 or r$ ) black m>ks1 ! favorite ,b]k%ire is detect$2 & s on1 ) ref]5ce to e possible v>iety ( hue4 ,,treatm5t ,,dur+ ,,pregnancy4 ,s[s ) pigs %\ld be well & judici\sly f$2 t is to say1 !y %\ld h a suffici5cy ( :olesome1 nutriti\s food to ma9ta9 _! /r5g? & keep !m 9 good condition1 b %\ld by no means be all[$ to get fat2 z :5 !y are 9 high condition1 ! dang]s ( p>turition are enhanc$1 ! animal is m awkw>d & liable to smo!r & cru% h] "y1 &1 moreov]1 nev] has z mu* or z good milk z a lean] s[4 ,%e %\ld also h a sep>ate /y2 = sw9e are prone to lie s close toge!r t1 if %e is ev5 among o!rs1 h] "y w\ld be 9 great dang]2 & ?is /y %\ld be p]fectly clean & com=tably litt]$1 b n s ?ickly z to admit ( ! "y be+ able to bury !mselves 9 ! /raw4 ,z ! "t ( h] f>r[+ approa*es1 %e %\ld be well suppli$ ) food1 especially if %e be a "y s[1 & ?is h] fir/ litt]1 & also c>efully wat*$1 9 ord] to prev5t h] dev\r+ ! aft]-bir?1 & ?us eng5d]+ a morbid appetite :i* w next induce h] to fall ^u h] own "y4 ,a s[ t has once done ?is c nev] aft]w>d be dep5d$ ^u4 ,hung]1 ?ir/1 or irritation ( any k9d1 w (t5 induce ?is unnatural conduct1 :i* is ano!r reason :y a s[ ab\t to f>r[ %\ld h a /y to h]self1 & be c>efully att5d$ to1 & h all h] wants suppli$4 ,,abortion4 ,?is is by no means ( s common occurr5ce 9 ! case ( ! s[ z 9 _m o!r ( ! dome/icat$ animals4 ,v>i\s causes t5d to produce x3 insuffici5cy ( food1 eat+ too mu* succul5t vegetable food1 or un:olesome1 unsub/antial diet2 bl[s & falls2 & ! animal's habit ( rubb+ itself aga9/ h>d bodies1 = ! purpose ( allay+ ! irritation produc$ by ! v]m9 or cutane\s eruptions to :i* x is subject4 ,reit]at$ copulation does n appe> to produce abortion 9 ! s[2 at lea/ to ! ext5t x does 9 o!r animals4 ,! symptoms indicative ( approa*+ abortion are simil> to ^? ( p>turition1 b m int5se4 ,!re are1 g5]ally1 re/lessness1 irritation1 & %iv]+2 & ! cries ( ! animal ev9ce ! pres5ce ( sev]e labor-pa9s4 ,sometimes ! rectum1 vag9a1 or ut]us1 becomes relax$1 & "o or ! o!r protrudes1 & (t5 becomes inv]t$ at ! mom5t ( ! expulsion ( ! foetus1 prec$$ by ! plac5ta1 :i* pres5ts itself =emo/4 ,no?+ c be done1 at ! la/ h\r1 to prev5t abortion2 b1 f ! fir/1 e pr$ispos+ cause %\ld be remov$4 ,! treatm5t w dep5d ^u circum/ances4 ,:]e ! animal is "y1 vigor\s1 & 9 high condition1 ble$+ w be b5eficial--n a copi\s blood-lett+1 b small quantities tak5 at diff]5t times2 purgatives may also be adm9i/]$4 ,if1 :5 abortion has tak5 place1 ! :ole ( ! litt] 0 n born1 emolli5t injections may be resort$ to ) consid]able b5efit2 o!rwise1 ! aft] treatm5t %\ld be made ! same z 9 p>turition1 & ! animal %\ld be kept w>m1 quiet1 & clean1 & all[$ a c]ta9 degree ( lib]ty4 ,:5ev] "o s[ has abort$1 ! causes likely to h produc$ ?is accid5t %\ld be s\ght1 & an endeavor made1 by remov+ !m1 to secure ! re/ ( ! inmates ( ! pigg]y f a simil> mi%ap4 ,9 cases ( abortion1 ! foetus is seldom born alive1 & (t5 has be5 dead = "s days2 :]e ?is is ! case--:i* may be readily detect$ by a peculi>ly unpleasant putrid exhalation1 & ! dis*>ge ( a fetid liquid f ! vag9a--! p>ts %\ld be wa%$ ) a dilut$ solution ( *loride ( lime1 9 ! proportion ( "o "p ( *loride to ?ree p>ts ( wat]1 & a portion ( ?is lotion g5tly inject$ into ! ut]us1 if ! animal w submit to x4 ,mild doses ( ,epsom salts1 t9cture ( g5tian1 & ,jamaica g+]1 w also act b5eficially 9 su* cases1 &1 ) att5tion to diet1 soon re/ores ! animal4 ,,p>turition4 ,! p]iod ( ge/ation v>ies accord+ to age1 con/itution1 food1 & ! peculi>ities ( ! individual bre$4 ,! mo/ usual p]iod dur+ :i* ! s[ c>ries h] "y is1 accord+ to "s1 ?ree mon?s1 ?ree weeks1 & ?ree days1 or "o hundr$ & eight days2 accord+ to o!rs1 f\r lun> mon?s1 or sixte5 weeks1 or ab\t "o hundr$ & ?irte5 days4 ,x may safely be said to range f "o hundr$ & n9e to "o hundr$ & =ty-?ree days4 ,illu/ration3 ,,wild ,,hogs4 ,! s[ produces f eight to ?irte5 "y at a litt]1 & sometimes ev5 m4 ,"y & weakly s[s n only produce few] pigs1 b f>r[ e>li] ?an ^? ( matur] age & s\nd] condition2 & besides1 z might be expect$1 _! (fspr+ are defici5t 9 vigor1 (t5times1 inde$1 puny & feeble4 ,extraord9>y fecundity is n h[ev]1 desirable1 = n\ri%m5t _c be af=d$ to m ?an twelve1 ! s['s numb] ( teats4 ,! sup]num]>y pigs mu/ !re=e suff]2 if b "o1 x is1 ( c\rse1 ! smalle/ & weake/2 a too num]\s litt] are all1 inde$1 g5]ally und]siz$ & weakly1 & seldom or nev] prove pr(itable2 a litt] n exce$+ t5 w usually be f\nd to turn out mo/ advantage\sly4 ,on acc\nt ( ! discrepancy betwe5 ! numb] f>r[$ by diff]5t s[s1 x is a good plan1 if x c be manag$1 to h m ?an "o bre$+ at ! same "t1 9 ord] t ! numb] to be suckl$ by ea* may be equaliz$4 ,! s[ seldom recognizes ! pres5ce ( a /range little "o1 if x has be5 introduc$ among ! o!rs dur+ h] abs5ce1 & has la9 = half an h\r or s among h] own (fspr+ 9 _! /y4 ,! approa* ( ! p]iod ( f>r[+ is m>k$ by ! imm5se size ( ! belly1 by a depression ( ! back1 & by ! di/5tion ( ! teats4 ,! animal manife/s symptoms ( acute suff]+1 & w&]s re/lessly ab\t1 collect+ /raw1 & c>ry+ x to h] /y1 grunt+ pite\sly mean:ile4 ,z soon z ?is is obs]v$1 %e %\ld be p]suad$ into a sep>ate /y1 & c>efully wat*$4 ,on no acc\nt %\ld sev]al s[s be p]mitt$ to f>r[ 9 ! same place at ! same "t1 z !y w inevitably irritate ea* o!r1 or dev\r _! own or "o ano!r's "y4 ,! "y ones %\ld be tak5 away z soon z !y are born1 & deposit$ 9 a w>m spot2 = ! s[ be+ a clumsy animal1 is n unlikely 9 h] /ruggles to ov]lie !m2 nor %\ld !y be return$ to h]1 until all is ov]1 & ! aft]-bir? has be5 remov$1 :i* %\ld always be done ! mom5t x passes f h]2 = "y s[s1 especially1 w inv>iably dev\r x1 if p]mitt$1 & !n1 z ! "y are wet ) a simil> fluid1 & smell ! same !y w eat !m also1 "o aft] ano!r4 ,"s advise wa%+ ! backs ( "y pigs ) a decoction ( aloes1 colocyn?1 or "s o!r nause\s sub/ance1 z a rem$y = ?is2 b ! simple/ & easie/ "o is to remove ! little ones until all is ov]1 & ! "m beg9s to recov] h]self & seek ab\t = !m1 :5 !y %\ld be put ne> h]4 ,"s also recomm5d /rapp+ up ! s['s m\? = ! fir/ ?ree or f\r days1 only releas+ x to admit ( h] tak+ h] meals4 ,"s s[s are apt to lie ^u & cru% _! "y4 ,?is may be/ be avoid$ by n keep+ h] too fat or heavy1 & by n leav+ too _m "y ^u h]4 ,! /raw =m+ ! b$ %\ld likewise be %ort1 & n 9 too great quantity1 le/ ! pigs get huddl$ up "u x1 & ! s[ unconsci\sly ov]lie !m 9 t condition4 ,x does n always happ5 t ! p>turition is effect$ ) ease4 ,cases ( false pres5tation1 ( enl>g$ foetus1 & ( debility 9 ! "m1 (t5 r5d] x difficult & dang]\s4 ,! womb w occasionally become protrud$ & inv]t$1 9 consequ5ce ( ! =c+ pa9s ( difficult p>turition1 & ev5 ! bladd] has be5 kn[n to come away4 ,^! p>ts mu/ be return$ z soon z may be2 & if ! womb has come 9 contact ) ! dung or litt]1 & acquir$ any dirt1 x mu/ fir/ be wa%$ 9 lukew>m wat]1 & !n return$1 & conf9$ 9 its place by means ( a suture pass$ ?r\gh ! lips ( ! orifice4 ,! easie/ & p]haps ! be/ way1 h[ev]1 is n to return ! protrud$ p>ts at all1 b m]ely tie a ligature r\nd !m & leave !m to sl\gh (f1 :i* !y w d 9 ! c\rse ( a few days1 )\t effusion ( blood1 or f>!r injury to ! animal4 ,no s[ t has once suff]$ f protrusion ( ! womb %\ld be all[$ to bre$ aga94 ,,treatm5t ,,:ile ,,suckl+4 ,mu* dep5ds ^u ?is2 z _m a f9e s[ & promis+ litt] h be5 ru9$ = want ( prop] & judici\s c>e at ?is p]iod4 ,imm$iately aft] f>r[+1 _m s[s incl9e to be fev]i%2 :]e ?is is ! case1 a light & sp>+ diet only %\ld be giv5 !m = ! fir/ day or two1 z gruel1 oatmeal porridge1 :ey1 & ! l4 ,o!rs1 aga91 are v mu* debilitat$1 & require /r5g!n+2 = !m1 /rong s\p1 bread /eep$ 9 w9e1 or 9 a mixture ( br&y & sweet spirits ( nitre1 adm9i/]$ 9 small quantities1 w (t5 prove highly b5eficial4 ,! rations mu/ gradually be increas$ & giv5 m frequ5tly2 & !y mu/ be compos$ ( :olesome1 nutriti\s1 & succul5t sub/ances4 ,all k9ds ( roots--c>rots1 turnips1 potatoes1 & beet-roots--well /eam$ or boil$1 b nev] raw1 may be giv52 bran1 b>ley1 & oatmeal1 bran-fl\r1 ,indian corn1 :ey1 s\r1 skim1 & butt]-milk1 are all well adapt$ = ?is p]iod2 &1 %\ld ! animal appe> to require x1 gra9 well bruis$ & mac]at$ may be add$4 ,:5ev] x is possible1 ! s[ %\ld be turn$ out = an h\r ea* day1 to graze 9 a mead[ or clov]-field1 z ! fre% air1 ex]cise1 & h]bage1 w d h] imm5se good4 ,! "y pigs mu/ be %ut up = ! fir/ t5 days or =tnight1 aft] :i* !y w be able to foll[ h]1 & take _! %>e ( ! b5efit4 ,! food %\ld be giv5 regul>ly at c]ta9 h\rs2 small & (t5-repeat$ meals are f> pref]able to l>ge ones1 s9ce indige/ion1 or any dis>rangem5t ( ! functions ( ! /oma* vitiates ! milk1 & produces di>rhoea & o!r simil> affections 9 ! "y4 ,! "m %\ld always be well f$1 b n ov]-f$2 ! bett] & m c>efully %e is f$1 ! m abundant & nutriti\s w h] milk be1 ! bett] w ! suck+-pigs ?rive1 & ! less w %e be r$uc$ by suckl+ !m4 ,:5 a s[ is weakly1 & has n a suffici5cy ( milk1 ! "y pigs mu/ be taught to fe$ z e>ly z possible4 ,a k9d ( gruel1 made ( skim-milk & bran1 or oatmeal1 is a good ?+ = ?is purpose1 or potatoes1 boil$ & !n ma%$ 9 milk or :ey1 ) or )\t ! addition ( a little bran or oatmeal4 ,t[>d ! p]iod :5 ! pigs are to be wean$1 ! s[ mu/ be less pl5tifully f$1 o!rwise ! secretion ( milk w be z great z ev]2 x w1 besides1 accumulate1 & !re w be h>dness1 & p]haps inflammation ( ! teats4 ,if necess>y1 a dose ( physic may be giv5 to assi/ 9 c>ry+ (f ! milk2 b1 9 g5]al1 a little judici\s managem5t 9 ! fe$+ & wean+ w be all t is requir$4 ,,treatm5t ,,( ,,"y ,,pigs4 ,= ! fir/ t5 days1 or a =tnight1 ! "m w g5]ally be able to support h] litt] )\t assi/ance1 unless1 z has be5 already obs]v$1 %e is weakly1 or h] "y are too num]\s2 9 ei!r ( :i* cases !y mu/ be f$ f ! fir/4 ,:5 ! "y pigs are ab\t a =tnight old1 w>m milk %\ld be giv5 to !m4 ,9 ano!r week1 ?is may be ?ick5$ ) "s species ( f>9a2 & aft]w>d1 z !y ga9 /r5g? & increase 9 size1 boil$ roots & vegetables may be add$4 ,z soon z !y beg9 to eat1 an op5 frame or rail+ %\ld be plac$ 9 ! /y "u :i* ! little pigs c run1 & on ! o!r side ( ?is %\ld be ! small tr\ghs conta9+ _! food2 = x nev] answ]s to let !m eat out ( ! same tr\gh ) _! "m1 because ! food set be=e h] is g5]ally too /rong & /imulat+ = !m1 ev5 if !y %\ld secure any ( x1 :i* is1 to say ! lea/1 extremely d\btful4 ,^? int5d$ to be kill$ = suck+-pigs %\ld n be above f\r weeks old2 mo/ kill !m = ?is purpose on ! tw5ty-fir/ or tw5ty-second day4 ,! o!rs1 except+ ^? kept = bre$+1 %\ld be ca/rat$ at ! same "t4 ,,ca/ration ,,& ,,spay+4 ,pigs are *iefly ca/rat$ ) a view to fatt5+ !m2 &1 d\btless1 ?is op]ation has ! desir$ effect--= at ! same "t t x increases ! quiesc5t qualities ( ! animal1 x dim9i%es also 8 c\rage1 spirits1 & nobl] attributes1 & ev5 affects 8 =m4 ,! tusks ( a ca/rat$ bo> nev] gr[ l ^? ( ! natural animal1 b always h a dw>f$1 /unt$ appe>ance4 ,! op]ation1 if possible1 %\ld be p]=m$ 9 ! spr+ or autumn1 z ! temp]ature is ! m uni=m1 & c>e %\ld be tak5 t ! animal is 9 p]fect heal?4 ,^? :i* are fat & ple?oric %\ld be prep>$ by ble$+1 cool+ diet & quiet4 ,pigs are ca/rat$ at all ages1 f a =tnight to ?ree1 six & eight weeks1 & ev5 f\r mon?s old4 ,!re are v>i\s modes ( p]=m+ ?is op]ation4 ,if ! pig is n m ?an six weeks old1 an incision is made at ! bottom ( ! scrotum1 ! te/icle pu%$ out1 & ! cord cut1 )\t any precaution>y means :atev]4 ,:5 ! animal is old]1 !re is reason to fe> t hemorrhage1 to a great] or less ext5t1 w sup]v5e2 consequ5tly1 x w be advisable to pass a ligature r\nd ! cord a little above ! spot :]e ! division is to take place4 ,by ano!r mode--to be practis$ only on v "y animals--a portion ( ! base ( ! scrotum is cut (f1 ! te/icles =c$ out1 & ! cord sawn ?r\gh ) a some:at s]rat$ b blunt in/rum5t4 ,if !re is any hemorrhage1 x is arre/$ by putt+ a%es 9 ! w\nd4 ,! animal is !n dismiss$ & no?+ fur!r done ) him4 ,on animals two & ?ree ye>s old1 ! op]ation is "s times p]=m$ 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ,an assi/ant holds ! pig1 press+ ! back ( ! animal aga9/ 8 *e/ & belly1 keep+ ! head elevat$1 & grasp+ all ! f\r legs toge!r2 or1 :i* is ! pref]able way1 "o assi/ant holds ! animal aga9/ 8 *e/1 :ile ano!r kneels d[n & secures ! f\r legs4 ,! op]ator !n grasps ! scrotum ) 8 left h&1 makes "o horizontal incision across its base1 op5+ bo? divisions ( ! bag at ! same "t4 ,! te/icles are !n press$ out ) 8 f+] & ?umb1 & remov$ ) a blunt knife1 :i* lac]ates ! "p )\t bruis+ x & r5d]+ x pa9ful4 ,lac]ation only is requisite 9 ord] to prev5t ! subsequ5t hemorrhage :i* w\ld occur1 if ! cord 7 simply sev]$ by a %>p in/rum5t4 ,! w\nd is !n clos$ by pu%+ ! edges g5tly toge!r ) ! f+]s1 & x spe$ily heals4 ,"s break ! sp]matic cord )\t te>+ x2 !y twi/ x1 & !n pull x g5tly & f9ally until x gives way4 ,9 o!r cases1 a wax$ cord is pass$ z tightly z possible r\nd ! scrotum1 above ! epididymus1 :i* completely /ops ! circulation1 & 9 a few days ! scrotum & te/icles w drop (f4 ,?is op]ation %\ld nev] be p]=m$ on pigs ( m ?an six weeks ( age1 & ! sp]matic %\ld always1 fir/ ( all1 be measur$4 ,x1 moreov] requires great nicety & skill2 o!rwise1 accid5ts w occur1 & consid]able pa9 & inflammation be caus$4 ,too ?ick a cord1 a knot n ti$ suffici5tly tight1 or a portion ( ! te/icle includ$ 9 ! ligature1 w prev5t its success4 ,! mo/ fatal consequ5ce ( ca/ration is tetanus1 or lockjaw1 induc$ by ! %ock communicat$ to ! n]v\s sy/em by ! torture ( ! op]ation4 ,,spay+4 ,?is op]ation consi/s 9 remov+ ! ov>ies1 & sometimes a portion ( ! ut]us1 m or less consid]able1 ( ! female4 ,! animal is laid ^u its left side1 & firmly held by "o or two assi/ants2 an incision is !n made into ! flank1 ! =ef+] ( ! "r h& introduc$ into x1 & g5tly mov$ ab\t until x enc\nt]s & hooks hold ( ! "r ov>y1 :i* x draws ?r\gh ! op5+2 a ligature is !n pass$ r\nd ?is "o1 & ! left ov>y felt = 9 l mann]4 ,! op]ator !n sev]s ^! two ov>ies1 ei!r by cutt+ or te>+1 & returns ! womb & its appurt5ances to _! prop] position4 ,?is be+ done1 he closes ! w\nd ) two or ?ree /it*es1 sometimes rubs a little oil ov] x1 & releases ! animal4 ,all goes on well1 = ! heal+ p[] ( ! pig is v great4 ,! aft]-treatm5t is v simple4 ,! animals %\ld be well litt]$ ) clean /raw1 9 /yes wea!r-tight & ?or\ghly v5tilat$2 _! diet %\ld be c>$ =2 "s milk or :ey1 ) b>ley-meal is an excell5t article2 x is well to conf9e !m = a few days1 z !y %\ld be prev5t$ f gett+ into cold wat] or mud until ! w\nd is p]fectly heal$1 & also f creep+ ?r\gh f5ces4 ,! be/ age = spay+ a s[ is ab\t six weeks2 inde$1 z a g5]al rule1 ! y\ng] ! animal is :5 ei!r op]ation is p]=m$ ! quick] x recov]s4 ,"s p]sons1 h[ev]1 h two or ?ree litt]s f _! s[s be=e !y op]ate ^u !m2 :]e ?is is ! case1 ! result is m to be fe>$1 z ! p>ts h become m susceptible1 & are1 consequ5tly1 m liable to take on inflammation4 ,,wean+4 ,"s f>m]s wean ! pigs a few h\rs aft] bir?1 & turn ! s[ at once to ! bo>4 ,! be/ mode1 h[ev]1 is to turn ! bo> into ! hog-y>d ab\t a week aft] p>turition1 at :i* "t ! s[ %\ld be remov$ a few h\rs daily f h] "y4 ,x does n injure ei!r ! s[ or h] pigs if %e takes ! bo> :ile suckl+2 b "s s[s w n d s until ! dry+ ( _! milk4 ,! age at :i* pigs may be wean$ to ! greate/ advantage is :5 !y are ab\t eight or t5 weeks old2 _m1 h[ev]1 wean !m z e>ly z six weeks1 b !y seldom turn out z well4 ,!y %\ld n be tak5 f ! s[ at once1 b gradually wean$4 ,at fir/ !y %\ld be remov$ f h] = a c]ta9 numb] ( h\rs ea* day1 & accu/om$ to be impell$ by hung] to eat f ! tr\gh2 !n !y may be turn$ out = an h\r )\t h]1 & aft]w>ds %ut up :ile %e also is turn$ out by h]self4 ,subsequ5tly1 !y mu/ only be all[$ to suck a c]ta9 numb] ( times 9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs2 p]haps six times at fir/1 !n f\r1 !n ?ree1 &1 at la/1 only once2 & mean:ile !y mu/ be proportionably bett] & m pl5tifully f$1 & ! "m's diet 9 a l mann] dim9i%$4 ,"s advise t ! :ole litt] %\ld be wean$ at once2 ?is is n be/1 unless "o or two ( ! pigs are mu* weak] & small] ?an ! o!rs2 9 su* case1 if ! s[ rema9 9 tol]able condition1 !y might be suff]$ to suck = a week long]2 b ?is %\ld be ! exception1 & n a g5]al rule4 ,pigs are m easily wean$ ?an almo/ any o!r animals1 because !y le>n to fe$ soon]2 b att5tion mu/1 nev]!less1 be paid to !m1 if !y are to gr[ up /rong1 heal?y animals4 ,_! /yes mu/ be w>m1 dry1 clean1 well-v5tilat$1 & wea!r-tight4 ,!y %\ld h ! run ( a grass mead[ or enclosure = an h\r or two e f9e day1 9 spr+ & summ]1 or be turn$ into ! f>m-y>d among ! cattle 9 ! w9t]1 z fre% air & ex]cise t5d to prev5t !m f becom+ rickety or crook$ 9 ! legs4 ,! mo/ nutriti\s & succul5t food t circum/ances w p]mit %\ld be furni%$ !m4 ,newly-wean$ pigs require five or six meals 9 ! tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,9 ab\t t5 days1 "o may be omitt$2 9 ano!r week1 a second2 & !n !y %\ld d ) ?ree regul> meals ea* day4 ,a little sulphur m+l$ ) ! food1 or a small quantity ( ,epsom or ,glaub] salts dissolv$ 9 ! wat]1 w frequ5tly prove b5eficial4 ,a pl5tiful supply ( cle>1 cold wat] %\ld always be )9 _! rea*2 ! food left 9 ! tr\gh aft] ! animals h f9i%$ eat+ %\ld be remov$1 & ! tr\gh ?or\ghly r9s$ out be=e any m is put into x4 ,/rict att5tion %\ld also be paid to cleanl9ess4 ,! bo>s & s[s %\ld be kept ap>t f ! p]iod ( wean+4 ,! "q1 :i* is m pr(itable1 to bre$ sw9e1 or to buy "y pigs & fatt5 !m1 c be/ be det]m9$ by ^? int]e/$2 s9ce !y "k be/ :at res\rces !y c comm&1 & :at *ance ( pr(its ea* ( ^! sep>ate bran*es (f]s4 ,,r++4 ,?is op]ation is p]=m$ to c\nt]act ! prop5sity :i* sw9e h ( digg+ & furr[+ up ! e>?4 ,! r+ is pass$ ?r\gh :at appe>s to be a prolongation ( ! septum1 betwe5 ! supplem5tal1 or sn\t-bone1 & ! nasal4 ,! animal is ?us unable to obta9 suffici5t pur*ase to use 8 sn\t ) any effect1 )\t caus+ ! r+ to press s pa9fully ^u ! "p t he is =c$ to desi/4 ,! r+1 h[ev]1 is apt to break1 or x we>s out 9 process ( "t1 & has to be replac$4 ,! sn\t %\ld be p]=at$ at wean+-"t1 aft] ! animal has recov]$ f ca/ration or spay+2 & x w be necess>y to r5ew ! op]ation z x becomes ( l>ge gr[?4 ,x is too g5]ally neglect$ at fir/2 b no pigs1 "y or old1 %\ld be suff]$ to run at l>ge )\t ?is precaution4 ,! s['s r+ %\ld be asc]ta9$ to be ( suffici5t /r5g? previ\sly to h] tak+ ! bo>1 on acc\nt ( ! risk ( abortion1 if ! op]ation is r5ew$ :ile %e is ) pig4 ,c>e mu/ be tak5 by ! op]ator n to g too close to ! bone1 & t ! r+ turn easily4 ,a f> bett] mode ( proce$+ is1 :5 ! pig is "y1 to cut ?r\gh ! c>tilag9\s & ligam5t\s prolongations1 by :i* ! supplem5t>y bone is unit$ to ! prop] nasals4 ,! divid$ edges ( ! c>tilage w nev] re-unite1 & ! sn\t always rema9s p[]less4 ,,fe$+ ,,& ,,fatt5+4 ,roots & fruits are ! natural food ( ! hog1 9 a wild z well z 9 a dome/icat$ /ate2 & x is evid5t t1 h[ev] omnivor\s x may occasionally appe>1 its palate is by no means ins5sible to ! diff]5ce 9 eatables1 s9ce1 :5ev] x f9ds v>iety1 x w select ! be/ ) z mu* clev]ness z o!r quadrup$s4 ,inde$1 ! hog is m nice 9 ! selection ( 8 vegetable diet ?an any ( ! o!r dome/icat$ h]bivor\s animals4 ,to a c]ta9 ext5t he is omnivor\s1 & may be re>$ on ! refuse ( slaught]-h\ses2 b su* food is n :olesome1 nor is x natural2 =1 ?\gh he is omnivor\s1 he is n ess5tially c>nivor\s4 ,! refuse ( ! dairy-f>m is m cong5ial to 8 heal?1 to say no?+ ( ! quality ( its fle%4 ,sw9e are g5]ally fatt5$ = pork at f six to n9e mon?s old2 & = bacon1 at f a ye> to two ye>s4 ,eighte5 mon?s is g5]ally consid]$ ! prop] age = a good bacon hog4 ,! fe$+ w always1 9 a great measure1 dep5d ^u ! circum/ances ( ! own]--^u ! k9d ( food :i* he has at 8 disposal1 & c be/ sp>e--& ! purpose = :i* ! animal is int5d$4 ,x w also1 9 "s degree1 be regulat$ by ! season2 x be+ possible to fe$ pigs v diff]5tly 9 ! summ] f :at !y are f$ 9 ! w9t]4 ,! refuse wa% & gra9s1 & o!r residue ( brew]ies & di/ill]ies1 may be giv5 to sw9e ) advantage1 & seem to induce a t5d5cy to lay on fle%4 ,!y %\ld n1 h[ev]1 be giv5 9 too l>ge quantities1 nor unmix$ ) o!r & m sub/antial food2 s9ce1 al?\gh !y give fle% rapidly :5 f$ on x1 ! meat is n firm1 & nev] makes good bacon4 ,hogs eat acorns & bee*-ma/ gre$ily1 & s f> ?rive on ?is food t x is an easy matt] to fatt5 !m aft]w>ds4 ,apples & pumpk9s are likewise valuable = ?is purpose4 ,!re is no?+ s nutriti\s1 s em95tly & 9 e way adapt$ = ! purpose ( fatt5+1 z are ! v>i\s k9ds ( gra9--no?+ t t5ds m to create firmness z well z delicacy 9 ! fle%4 ,indian corn is equal1 if n sup]ior1 to any k9d ( gra9 = fatt5+ purposes1 & c be giv5 9 its natural /ate1 z pigs are s fond ( x t !y w eat up e k]nel4 ,! pork & bacon ( animals t h be5 ?us f$ are peculi>ly firm & solid4 ,animal food t5ds to make sw9e savage & fev]i%1 & (t5 lays ! f\ndation ( s]i\s inflammation ( ! inte/9es4 ,weekly wa%+ ) soap & a bru% adds wond]fully to ! ?riv+ condition ( a hog4 ,9 ! ri* corn regions ( our ,/ates1 ^u t gra9 beg9n+ to rip51 z x does 9 ,augu/1 ! fields are f5c$ (f into suitable lots1 & l>ge h]ds are successively turn$ into !m1 to consume ! gra9 at _! leisure4 ,!y wa/e no?+ except ! /alks1 :i* 9 t l& ( pl5ty are consid]$ ( little value1 & !y are /ill useful z manure = succe$+ crops2 & :atev] gra9 is left by !m1 lean] droves :i* foll[ w readily glean4 ,peas1 e>ly buck:eat1 & apples1 may be f$ on ! gr\nd 9 ! same way4 ,!re is an improvem5t 9 ! "* ( ! gra9 f a few mon?s' keep+1 :i* is fully equival5t to ! int]e/ ( ! money & ! co/ ( /orage4 ,if fatt5$ e>ly 9 ! season1 hogs w consume less food to make an equal am\nt ( fle% ?an 9 cold] wea!r2 !y w require less att5tion2 &1 g5]ally1 e>ly pork w comm& ! highe/ price 9 m>ket4 ,x is mo/ economical to provide sw9e ) a f9e clov] pa/ure1 to run 9 dur+ ! spr+ & summ]2 & !y ought also to h access to ! or*>d1 to pick up all ! unripe & sup]flu\s fruit t falls4 ,!y %\ld also h ! wa% ( ! h\se & ! dairy1 to :i* add meal1 & let x s\r 9 l>ge tubs or b>rels4 ,n less ?an "o-?ird1 & p]haps m1 ( ! :ole gra9 f$ to hogs1 is sav$ by gr9d+ & cook+1 or s\r+4 ,c>e mu/1 h[ev]1 be tak5 t ! s\r+ be n c>ri$ s f> z to injure ! food by putrefaction4 ,a mixture ( meal & wat]1 ) ! addition ( yea/ or su* rema9s ( a =m] f]m5tation z adh]e to ! sides or bottom ( ! vessel1 & exposure to a temp]ature betwe5 sixty-eight & sev5ty-sev5 degrees ,fahr5heit1 w produce imm$iate f]m5tation4 ,9 ?is process !re are five /ages3 ! sac*>9e1 by :i* ! />* & gum ( ! vegetables1 9 _! natural condition1 are conv]t$ into sug>2 ! v9\s1 :i* *anges ! sug> into alcohol2 ! mucilag9\s1 sometimes tak+ ! place ( ! v9\s1 & occurr+ :]e ! sug> solution1 or f]m5t+ pr9ciple1 is weak1 produc+ a slimy1 glut9\s product2 ! acetic1 =m+ v9eg>1 f ! v9\s or alcoholic /age2 & ! putrefactive1 :i* de/roys all ! nutritive pr9ciples & conv]ts !m into a poison4 ,! precise po9ts 9 f]m5tation1 :5 ! food becomes mo/ pr(itable = fe$+1 has n z yet be5 satisfactorily det]m9$2 b t x %\ld /op %ort ( ! putrefactive1 & probably ! full maturity ( ! acetic1 is c]ta94 ,! roots = fatt5+ ought to be wa%$1 & /eam$ or boil$2 & :5 n int5d$ to be f]m5t$1 ! meal may be scald$ ) ! roots4 ,a small quantity ( salt %\ld be add$4 ,potatoes are ! be/ roots = sw9e2 !n p>snips2 orange or r$ c>rots1 :ite or ,belgian2 sug>-beets2 mangel-wurtzels2 ruta-bagas2 & !n :ite turnips1 9 ! ord] m5tion$4 ,! nutritive prop]ties ( turnips are diffus$ ?r\gh s l>ge a bulk t x is d\btful if !y c ev] be f$ to fatt5+ sw9e ) advantage2 & !y w b>ely su/a9 life :5 f$ to !m uncook$4 ,!re is a great loss 9 fe$+ roots to fatt5+ sw9e1 )\t cook+4 ,:5 unprep>$ gra9 is f$1 x %\ld be on a full /oma*1 to prev5t imp]fect ma/ication1 & consequ5t loss ( ! food4 ,x is bett]1 inde$1 to h x always be=e !m4 ,! animal ma*9e is an exp5sive "o to keep 9 motion2 & x %\ld be ! object ( ! f>m] to put 8 food 9 ! mo/ available condition = its imm$iate conv]sion into fat & muscle4 ,! foll[+ injunctions %\ld be rigidly obs]v$1 if "o w\ld secure ! greate/ results3 #a4 ,avoid f\l fe$+4 #b4 ,d n omit add+ salt 9 mod]ate quantities to ! mess giv54 #c4 ,fe$ at regul> int]vals4 #d4 ,cleanse ! tr\ghs previ\s to fe$+4 #e4 ,d n ov]-fe$2 give only z mu* z w be consum$ at ! meal4 #f4 ,v>y ! food4 ,v>iety w create1 or1 at all ev5ts1 increase appetite1 & x is mo/ conducive to heal?4 ,let ! v>iations be gov]n$ by ! condition ( ! dung ca/1 :i* %\ld be ( a m$ium consi/5ce1 & ( a grayi%-br[n color2 if h>d1 increase ! quantity ( bran & succul5t roots2 if too liquid1 dim9i%1 or disp5se ) bran1 & make ! mess firm]2 add a portion ( corn4 #g4 ,fe$ ! /ock sep>ately1 9 classes1 accord+ to _! relative conditions4 ,keep s[s ) "y by !mselves2 /ore-hogs by !mselves2 & bacon-hogs & pork]s by !mselves4 ,x is n advisable to keep ! /ore-hogs too high 9 fle%1 s9ce high fe$+ is calculat$ to ret>d developm5t ( =m & bulk4 ,x is bett] to fe$ pigs int5d$ to be put up = bacon loosely & n too abundantly1 until !y h atta9$ _! full /ature2 !y c !n be br\ght into ! highe/ possible condition 9 a surpris+ly %ort space ( "t4 #h4 ,keep ! sw9e clean1 dry1 & w>m4 ,cleanl9ess1 dryness1 & w>m? are ess5tial1 & z imp]ative z fe$+2 = an inf]ior description ( food w1 by _! aid1 succe$ f> bett] ?an ! highe/ fe$+ w )\t !m4 ,,pigg]ies4 ,few items conduce m to ! ?riv+ & well-be+ ( sw9e ?an airy1 spaci\s1 well-con/ruct$ /yes1 & above all1 cleanl9ess4 ,!y 7 =m]ly too (t5 h\s$ 9 damp1 dirty1 close1 & imp]fectly-built %$s1 :i* 0 a fruitful s\rce ( disease & ( un?rifty animals4 ,any place 0 once ?\ght good en\gh to keep a pig 94 ,9 l>ge e/abli%m5ts1 :]e num]\s pigs are kept1 !re %\ld be divisions appropriat$ to all ! diff]5t k9ds2 ! bo>s1 ! bre$+ s[s1 ! newly wean$1 & ! fatt5+ pigs %\ld all be kept sep>ate2 & 9 ! divisions assign$ to ! second & la/ ( ^! classes1 x is be/ to h a di/9ct ap>tm5t = ea* animal1 all op5+ into a y>d or inclosure ( limit$ ext5t4 ,z pigs require w>m?1 ^! build+s %\ld face ! s\?1 & be kept wea!r-tight & well dra9$4 ,good v5tilation is also important2 = x is idle to expect animals to make good fle% & reta9 _! heal?1 unless !y h a suffici5cy ( pure air4 ,! blood requires ?is to give x vitality & free x f impurities1 z mu* z ! /oma* requires :olesome & /r5g!n+ food2 & :5 x does n h x1 x becomes vitiat$1 & impairs all ! animal functions4 ,bad smells & exhalations1 moreov]1 injure ! flavor ( ! meat4 ,damp & cold floors %\ld be gu>d$ aga9/1 z !y t5d to induce cramp & di>rhoea2 & ! ro( %\ld be s contriv$ z to c>ry (f ! wet f ! pigs4 ,! walls ( a well-con/ruct$ /y %\ld be ( solid masonry2 ! ro( slop+1 & furni%$ ) sp\ts to c>ry (f ! ra92 ! floors ei!r slightly incl9$ t[>d a gutt] made to c>ry (f ! ra91 or else rais$ f ! gr\nd on beams or joi/s1 & p]=at$ s t all ur9e & moi/ure %all dra9 (f4 ,bricks & tiles1 sometimes us$ = floor+1 are objectionable1 because1 h[ev] well cov]$ ) /raw1 !y /ill /rike cold4 ,wood is f> sup]ior 9 ?is respect1 z well z because x admits ( ^? clefts or p]=ations be+ made1 :i* s]ve n only to dra9 (f all moi/ure1 b also to admit fre% air4 ,! manure proce$+ f ! pig-/y has (t5 be5 mu* und]valu$1 & = ?is reason1 t ! litt] is suppos$ to =m ! pr9cipal portion ( x2 :]eas x con/itutes ! lea/ valuable "p1 &1 inde$1 x c sc>cely be reg>d$ z manure at all--at lea/ by itself--:]e ! requisite att5tion is paid to ! cleanl9ess ( ! animals & ( _! dwell+s4 ,! ur9e & ! dung are valuable1 be+1 f ! v nature ( ! food ( ! animals1 exce$+ly ri* & oleag9\s1 & mat]ially b5eficial to cold soils & grass-l&s4 ,! manure f ! /y %\ld always be collect$ z c>efully z t f ! /able or c[-h\se1 & husb&$ 9 ! same way4 ,! door ( ea* /y ought to be s hung t x w op5 inw>d or outw>d1 s z to give ! animals free +ress & egress4 ,= ?is purpose1 x %\ld be hung across f side to side1 & ! animal c pu% x up to effect its entry or exit2 =1 if x 7 hung 9 ! ord9>y way1 x w\ld d]ange ! litt] e "t x op5$ inw>d1 & be v liable to hit*4 ,if x is n int5d$ t ! pigs %all leave _! /y1 !re %\ld be an upp] & l[] door2 ! =m] ( :i* %\ld always be left op5 :5 ! wea!r is w>m & dry1 :ile ! latt] w s]ve to conf9e ! animal4 ,!re %\ld likewise be w9d[s or slides1 :i* c be op5$ or clos$ at w1 to give admission to ! fre% air1 or exclude ra9 or cold4 ,:]ev] x c be manag$1 ! tr\ghs--:i* %\ld be ( /one or ca/ metal1 s9ce wood5 ones w soon be gnaw$ to pieces--%\ld be s situat$ t !y c be fill$ & clean$ f ! outside1 )\t int]f]+ ) or di/urb+ ! animals at all2 & = ?is purpose x is well to h a flap1 or door1 ) sw++ h+es1 made to hang horizontally on ! tr\gh1 s t x c be mov$ to & fro1 & alt]nately be fa/5$ by a bolt to ! inside or outside ( ! mang]4 ,:5 ! hogs h f$ suffici5tly1 ! door is swung inw>d & fa/5$1 & s rema9s until fe$+-"t1 :5 ! tr\gh is cleans$ & refill$ )\t any tr\ble1 & !n ! flap drawn back1 & ! animals admitt$ to _! food4 ,"s cov] ! tr\gh ) a lid hav+ z _m holes 9 x z !re are pigs to eat f x1 :i* gives ea* pig an opportunity ( select+ 8 own hole1 & eat+ away )\t int]f]+ ) or incommod+ 8 neighbor4 ,a hog ought to h ?ree ap>tm5ts1 "o ea* = sleep+1 eat+1 & evacuations2 ( :i* ! la/ may occupy ! l[e/1 & ! fir/ ! highe/ level1 s t no?+ %all be dra9$1 & z little c>ri$ into ! fir/ two z possible4 ,! pigg]y %\ld always be built z ne> z possible to t portion ( ! e/abli%m5t f :i* ! *ief "p ( ! provision is to come1 s9ce mu* labor w ?us be sav$4 ,wa%+s1 & comb+s1 & bru%+s1 z has be5 previ\sly sugge/$1 are valuable adjuncts 9 ! treatm5t ( sw9e2 ! en]gies ( ! sk9 are ?us r\s$1 ! pores op5$1 ! heal?ful functions aid$1 & t in]tness1 s likely to be eng5d]$ by ! lazy life ( a fatt5+ pig1 c\nt]act$4 ,a supply ( fre% wat] is ess5tial to ! well-be+ ( sw9e1 & %\ld be freely furni%$4 ,if a /ream c be br\ght ?r\gh ! pigg]y1 x answ]s bett] ?an any ?+ else4 ,sw9e are dirty fe$]s & dirty dr9k]s1 usually plung+ _! =e-feet into ! tr\gh or pail1 & ?us pollut+ ) mud or dirt :atev] may be giv5 to !m4 ,"o ( ! advantages1 !re=e1 to be d]iv$ f ! /ream ( runn+ wat] is1 its be+ kept con/antly clean & :olesome by its runn+4 ,if ?is advantage _c be procur$1 x is desirable to pres5t wat] 9 vessels ( a size to receive b "o head at a "t1 & ( su* height z to r5d] x impossible1 or difficult1 = ! dr9k] to get 8 feet into x4 ,! wat] %\ld be r5ew$ twice daily4 ,if sw9e are closely conf9$ 9 p5s1 !y %\ld h z mu* *>coal twice a week z !y w eat1 = ! purpose ( correct+ any t5d5cy to disord]s ( ! /oma*4 ,rott5 wood is an imp]fect sub/itute = *>coal4 ,,slaught]+4 ,a pig t is to be kill$ %\ld be kept )\t food = f twelve to sixte5 h\rs previ\s to slaught]+2 a little wat] mu/1 h[ev]1 be )9 8 rea*4 ,he %\ld1 9 ! fir/ place1 be /unn$ by a bl[ on ! head4 ,"s advise t ! knife %\ld be ?ru/ into ! neck s z to sev] ! art]y lead+ f ! he>t2 :ile o!rs pref] t ! animal %\ld be /uck ?r\gh ! brisket 9 ! direction ( ! he>t--c>e be+ ex]cis$ n to t\* ! fir/ rib4 ,! blood %\ld !n be all[$ to dra9 f ! c>cass into vessels plac$ = ! purpose2 & ! m completely x does s1 ! bett] w be ! meat4 ,a l>ge tub1 or o!r vessel1 has be5 previ\sly got ready1 :i* is n[ fill$ ) boil+ wat]4 ,! c>cass ( ! hog is plung$ into ?is1 & ! hair is !n remov$ ) ! edge ( a knife4 ,! hair is m easily remov$ if ! hog is scald$ be=e he /iff5s1 or becomes q cold4 ,x is n1 h[ev]1 necess>y1 b simply brutal & b>b>\s1 to scald him :ile !re is yet "s life 9 him4 ,bacon-hogs may be s+$1 by envelop+ ! body 9 /raw1 & sett+ ! /raw on fire1 & !n scrap+ x all ov]4 ,:5 ?is is done1 c>e mu/ be obs]v$ n to burn or p>* ! cuticle4 ,! entrails %\ld !n be remov$1 & ! int]ior ( ! body well wa%$ ) lukew>m wat]1 s z to remove all blood & impurities1 & aft]w>d wip$ dry ) a clean clo?2 ! c>cass %\ld !n be hung up 9 a cool place = eighte5 or tw5ty h\rs1 to become set & firm4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,old ,,engli% ,,hog4 ,= cutt+ up1 ! c>cass %\ld be laid on ! back1 ^u a /rong table4 ,! head %\ld !n be cut (f close by ! e>s1 & ! h9d] feet s f> bel[ ! h\ghs z n to disfigure ! hams1 & leave room suffici5t = hang+ !m up2 aft] :i* ! c>cass is divid$ into equal halves1 up ! middle ( ! back bone1 ) a cleav+-knife1 &1 if necess>y1 a h&-mallet4 ,!n cut ! ham f ! side by ! second jo9t ( ! back-bone1 :i* w appe> on divid+ ! c>cass1 & dress ! ham by p>+ a little (f ! flank1 or sk9ny "p1 s z to %ape x ) a half r\nd po9t1 cle>+ (f any top fat :i* may appe>4 ,next cut (f ! %>p edge along ! back bone ) a knife & mallet1 & slice (f ! fir/ rib next ! %\ld]1 :]e !re is a bloody ve91 :i* mu/ be tak5 out1 s9ce1 if x is left 91 t "p is apt to spoil4 ,! corn]s %\ld be squ>$ (f :5 ! ham is cut4 ,! ord9>y practice is to cut out ! sp9e1 or back bone4 ,"s take out ! *9e & upp] p>ts ( ! ribs 9 ! fir/ place2 inde$1 almo/ e locality has its peculi> mode ( proce$+4 ,,pickl+ ,,& ,,cur+4 ,! usual me?od ( cur+ is to pack ! pork 9 clean salt1 add+ br9e to ! b>rel :5 fill$4 ,b x may be dry-salt$1 by rubb+ x 9 ?or\ghly on e side ( ea* piece1 ) a /rong lea!r rubb] firmly secur$ to ! palm ( ! "r h&4 ,! pieces are !n ?r[n into heaps & spr9kl$ ) salt1 & occasionally turn$ till cur$2 or x may at once be pack$ 9 dry casks1 :i* are roll$ at times to br+ ! salt into contact ) e "p4 ,hams & %\ld]s may be cur$ 9 ! same mann] ei!r dry or 9 pickle1 b ) diff]5tly arrang$ mat]ials4 ,! foll[+ is a good pickle = two hundr$ p\nds3 ,take f\rte5 p\nds ( ,turk's ,isl& salt2 "o-half p\nd ( saltpetre2 two qu>ts ( molasses1 or f\r p\nds ( br[n sug>2 ) wat] en\gh to dissolve !m4 ,br+ ! liquor to ! scald+-po9t1 & skim (f all ! impurities :i* rise to ! top4 ,:5 cold1 p\r x ^u ! ham1 :i* %\ld be p]fectly cool1 b n froz51 & closely pack$2 if n suffici5t to cov] x1 add pure wat] = ?is purpose4 ,"s ext5sive pack]s ( *oice hams add pepp]1 allspice1 c9namon1 nutmegs1 or mace & cloves4 ,! hams may rema9 six or eight weeks 9 ?is pickle1 !n %\ld be hung up 9 ! smoke-h\se1 ) ! small end d[n1 & smok$ f t5 to tw5ty days1 accord+ to ! quantity ( smoke4 ,! fire %\ld n be ne> en\gh to heat ! hams4 ,9 ,holl& & ,we/phalia1 ! fire is made 9 ! cell>1 & ! smoke c>ri$ by a flue into a cool1 dry *amb]4 ,?is is1 und\bt$ly1 ! be/ mode ( smok+4 ,! hams %\ld at all times be dry & cool1 or _! flavor w suff]4 ,gre5 sug>-maple *ips are be/ = smoke2 next to !m are hickory1 sweet bir*1 corn-cobs1 :ite a%1 or bee*4 ,! smoke-h\se is ! be/ place 9 :i* to keep hams until !y are want$4 ,if remov$1 !y %\ld be kept cool1 dry1 & free f flies4 ,a canvas cov] = ea*1 saturat$ ) lime1 :i* may be put on ) a :itewa% bru%1 is a p]fect protection aga9/ flies4 ,:5 n to be kept long1 !y may be pack$ 9 dry salt1 or ev5 9 sweet br9e1 )\t injury4 ,a common me?od is to pack 9 dry oats1 bak$ saw-du/1 etc4 ,! foll[+ is ! me?od 9 mo/ g5]al use 9 sev]al ( ! ,we/]n ,/ates4 ,! *9e is tak5 out1 z also ! sp>e-ribs f ! %\ld]s1 & ! m\se-pieces & %ort-ribs1 or grisk9s1 f ! middl+s4 ,no acute angles %\ld be left to %\ld]s or hams4 ,9 salt+ up1 all ! meat1 except ! heads1 jo9ts1 & *9es1 & small] pieces1 is put into p[d]+-tubs--wat]-tight half-hog%eads--or into l>ge tr\ghs1 t5 feet long & ?ree or f\r feet wide at ! top1 made ( ! popl> tree4 ,! latt] are mu* m conv5i5t = pack+ ! meat 91 & are easily caulk$1 if !y %\ld crack s z to leak4 ,! salt+-tray--or box 9 :i* ! meat is to be salt$1 piece by piece1 & f :i* ea* piece1 z x is salt$1 is to be transf]r$ to ! p[d]+-tub1 or tr\gh--mu/ be plac$ j s ne> ! tr\gh t ! man /&+ betwe5 c transf] ! pieces f "o to ! o!r easily1 & )\t wa/+ ! salt z !y are lift$ f ! salt+-box into ! tr\gh4 ,! salt] /&s on ! (f-side ( ! salt+-box4 ,! hams %\ld be salt$ fir/1 ! %\ld]s next1 & ! middl+s la/1 :i* may be pil$ up two feet above ! top ( ! tr\gh or tub4 ,! jo9ts w ?us 9 a %ort "t be imm]s$ 9 br9e4 ,measure into ! salt+-tray f\r measures ( salt--a peck measure w be f\nd mo/ conv5i5t--& "o measure ( clean1 dry1 sift$ a%es2 mix1 & incorporate !m well4 ,! salt] takes a ham into ! tray1 rubs ! sk91 & ! raw end ) 8 composition1 turns x ov]1 & packs ! composition ( salt & a%es on ! fle%y side till x is at lea/ ?ree-qu>t]s ( an in* deep all ov] x2 & on ! int]ior l[] "p ( ! ham1 :i* is cov]$ ) ! sk91 z mu* z w lie on x4 ,! man /&+ ready to transf] ! pieces1 deposits x c>efully1 )\t di/urb+ ! composition1 ) ! sk9-side d[n1 9 ! bottom ( ! tr\gh4 ,ea* succe$+ ham is !n deposit$1 side by side1 s z to leave ! lea/ possible space unoccupi$4 ,:5 ! bottom is :olly cov]$1 see t e visible "p ( ?is lay] ( meat is cov]$ ) ! composition ( salt & a%es4 ,!n beg9 ano!r lay]1 e piece be+ cov]$ on ! upp] or fle%y side ?ree-qu>t]s ( an in* ?ick ) ! composition4 ,:5 ! tr\gh is fill$1 ev5 full1 9 ?is way1 ) ! jo9ts1 salt ! middl+s ) salt only1 )\t ! a%es1 & pile !m up on ! jo9ts s t ! liquifi$ salt may pass f !m into ! tr\gh4 ,heads1 jo9ts1 back bones1 etc41 receive salt only1 & %\ld n be put 9 ! tr\gh ) ! l>ge pieces4 ,mu* slight] salt+ w pres]ve !m1 if !y are salt$ ^u loose bo>ds1 s t ! bloody br9e f !m c pass (f4 ,! jo9ts & middl+s are to rema9 9 & above ! tr\gh )\t be+ re-h&l$1 re-salt$1 or di/urb$ 9 any way1 till !y are to be hung up to be smok$4 ,if ! hogs d n weigh m ?an "o hundr$ & fifty p\nds1 ! jo9ts ne$ n rema9 long] ?an five weeks 9 ! pickle2 if !y weigh two hundr$1 or upw>d1 six or sev5 weeks are n too long4 ,x is bett] t !y %\ld /ay 9 too long1 r ?an too %ort a "t4 ,9 ?ree weeks1 ! jo9ts1 etc41 may be hung up4 ,tak+ out ( pickle1 & prep>+ = hang+ up to smoke1 are ?us p]=m$3 ,scrape (f ! undissolv$ salt2 if ! directions h be5 foll[$1 !re w be a consid]able quantity on all ! pieces n imm]s$ 9 ! br9e2 ?is salt & ! br9e are all sav$2 ! br9e is boil$ d[n1 & ! dry composition giv5 to /ock1 especially to hogs4 ,wa% e piece 9 lukew>m wat]1 & ) a r\gh t[el clean (f ! salt & a%es4 ,next1 put ! /r+s 9 to hang up4 ,set ! pieces up edgewise1 t !y may dra9 & dry4 ,e piece is !n to be dipp$ into ! meat-pa9t1 z x is t]m$1 compos$ ( w>m--n hot--wat] & v f9e a%es1 /irr$ toge!r until !y are ( ! consi/5ce ( ?ick pa9t1 & hang up to smoke4 ,by be+ ?us dipp$1 !y receive a coat+ :i* protects !m f ! fly1 prev5ts dripp+1 & t5ds to less5 all ext]nal injuri\s influ5ces4 ,hang up ! pieces :ile yet moi/ ) ! pa9t1 & smoke !m well4 ,,value ,,( ,,! ,,c>cass4 ,no "p ( ! hog is valueless1 except+1 p]haps1 ! bri/les ( ! f9e-br$ races4 ,! v inte/9es are cleans$1 & knott$ into *itt>l+s1 v mu* reli%$ by "s2 ! blood1 mix$ ) fat & rice1 is made into black pudd+s2 & ! t5d] muscle "u ! lumb> v]tebrae is work$ up into sausages1 sweet1 high-flavor$1 & delici\s2 ! sk91 roa/$1 is a r>e & too?some morsel2 & a roa/ suck+-pig is a g5]al delight2 salt pork & bacon are 9 incessant dem&1 & =m important articles ( comm]ce4 ,"o great value arises f ! peculi>ity ( its fat1 :i*1 9 contradi/9ction to t ( ! ox or ( ! %eep1 is t]m$ l>d1 & diff]s f ei!r 9 ! proportion ( its con/itu5t pr9ciples1 :i* are ess5tially ole9e & /e>9e4 ,x is r5d]$1 or fri$ out1 9 ! same mann] z mutton-suet4 ,x melts completely at n9ety-n9e degrees ,fahr5heit1 & !n has ! appe>ance ( a transp>5t & ne>ly colorless fix$ oil4 ,eighty degrees is ! melt+-po9t4 ,x consi/s ( sixty-two p>ts ole9e1 & ?irty-eight ( /e>9e1 out ( "o hundr$4 ,:5 subject$ to pressure betwe5 folds ( blott+-pap]1 ! ole9e is absorb$1 :ile ! /e>9e rema9s4 ,= dome/ic purposes1 l>d is mu* us$3 x is mu* bett] ?an butt] = fry+ fi%2 & is mu* us$ 9 pa/ry1 on ! score ( economy4 ,! /e>9e conta9s ! /e>ic & m>g>ic acids1 :i*1 :5 sep>at$1 are solid1 & us$ z inf]ior sub/itutes = wax or sp]maceti c&les4 ,! o!r1 ole9e1 is fluid at a l[ temp]ature1 & 9 ,am]ican comm]ce is kn[n z l>d-oil1 :i* is v pure1 & ext5sively us$ = ma*9]y1 lamps1 & mo/ ( ! purposes = :i* olive or sp]maceti oils are valu$4 ,x has giv5 to pork a new & pr(itable use1 by :i* ! value ( ! c>cass is greatly increas$4 ,a l>ge am\nt ( pork has ?us be5 )drawn f ! m>ket1 & ! depression1 :i* mu/ o!rwise h occurr$1 has be5 !reby prev5t$4 ,:]e ! oil is requir$1 ! :ole c>cass1 aft] tak+ out ! hams & %\ld]s1 is plac$ 9 a tub hav+ two bottoms1 ! upp] "o p]=at$ ) holes4 ,! pork is laid on ! latt]1 & !n tightly cov]$4 ,/eam1 at a high temp]ature1 is !n admitt$ into ! tub1 & 9 a %ort "t all ! fat is extract$1 & falls ^u ! l[] bottom4 ,! rema9+ mass is bones & scraps4 ,! la/ is f$ to pigs1 p\ltry1 or dogs1 or af=ds ! be/ k9d ( manure4 ,! bones are ei!r us$ = manure1 or are conv]t$ into animal *>coal1 valuable = v>i\s purposes 9 ! arts4 ,:5 ! object is to obta9 l>d ( a f9e quality1 ! animal is fir/ sk9n$1 & ! adh]+ fat !n c>efully scrap$ (f2 ?us avoid+ ! oily1 viscid matt] ( ! sk94 ,! bri/les ( ! co>se bre$s are long1 /rong1 firm1 & ela/ic4 ,^! are =m$ into bru%es = pa9t]s & arti/s1 z well z = num]\s dome/ic uses4 ,! sk91 :5 tann$1 is ( a peculi> texture1 & v t\gh4 ,x is us$ = mak+ pocket-books1 & = "s ornam5tal purposes2 b *iefly = ! seats ( rid+-saddles4 ,! num]\s little v>iegations on x1 :i* con/itute its beauty1 are ! orifices :5ce ! bri/les h be5 remov$4 ,illu/ration ,,diseases ,,& ,,_! ,,rem$ies ,by reason ( be+ g5]ally consid]$ a subord9ate species ( /ock1 sw9e d n1 9 _m cases1 %>e 9 ! b5efits :i* an improv$ sy/em ( agriculture & ! pres5t advanc$ /ate ( vet]9>y sci5ce1 h conf]r$ ^u o!r dome/icat$ animals4 ,s9ce !y are by no means ! mo/ tractable ( pati5ts1 x is any ?+ b an easy matt] to compel !m to swall[ any ?+ to :i* _! appetite does n incite !m2 &1 h5ce1 prev5tion w be f\nd bett] ?an cure4 ,cleanl9ess is ! great po9t to be insi/$ ^u 9 ! managem5t ( ^! animals4 ,if ?is1 & w>m?1 be only att5d$ to1 ailm5ts among !m are comp>atively r>e4 ,z1 h[ev]1 disappo9tm5t may occasionally occur1 ev5 "u ! be/ sy/em ( managem5t1 a brief view ( ! pr9cipal compla9ts ) :i* !y are liable to be attack$ is pres5t$1 toge!r ) ! be/ mode ( treatm5t to be adopt$ 9 su* cases4 ,,cat*+ ,,! ,,pig4 ,sw9e are v difficult animals to obta9 any ma/]y ov]1 or to op]ate on1 or exam9e4 ,seldom tame1 or easily h&l$1 !y are at su* p]iods mo/ unmanageable--kick+1 scream+1 & ev5 bit+ fi]cely4 ,! foll[+ me?od ( gett+ hold ( !m has be5 recomm5d$3 ,fa/5 a d\ble cord to ! end ( a /ick1 & b5ea? ! /ick let !re be a runn+ noose 9 ! cord2 tie a piece ( bread to ! cord1 & pres5t x to ! animal2 & :5 he op5s 8 m\? to seize ! bait1 cat* ! upp] jaw 9 ! noose1 run x tight1 & ! animal is fa/4 ,ano!r me?od is1 to cat* "o foot 9 a runn+ noose susp5d$ f "s place1 s z to draw ! imprison$ foot (f ! gr\nd2 or1 to envelop ! head ( ! animal 9 a clo? or sack4 ,all co]cive measures1 h[ev]1 %\ld1 z f> z possible1 be avoid$2 = ! pig is naturally s av]se to be+ h&l$ t 9 8 /ruggles he w (t5 d himself f> m mis*ief ?an ! disease :i* is to be inve/igat$ or rem$i$ w\ld effect4 ,,ble$+4 ,! common mode ( draw+ blood f ! pig is by cutt+ (f portions ( ! e>s or tail2 ?is %\ld only be resort$ to :5 local & in/ant blood-lett+ is requisite4 ,! jugul> ve9s ( sw9e lie too deep1 & are too mu* imb$d$ 9 fat to admit ( _! be+ rais$ by any ligature ab\t ! neck2 x is1 !re=e1 useless to attempt to puncture !m1 z x w\ld only be /rik+ at r&om4 ,^? ve9s1 h[ev]1 :i* run ov] ! int]ior surface ( ! e>1 & especially t[>d its out] edge1 may be op5$ )\t mu* difficulty2 if ! e> is turn$ back on ! poll1 "o or m ( !m may easily be made suffici5tly prom95t to admit ( its be+ punctur$ by press+ ! f+]s on ! base ( ! e>1 ne> to ! con*4 ,:5 ! necess>y quantity ( blood has be5 obta9$1 ! f+] may be rais$1 & x w cease to fl[4 ,! palate ve9s1 runn+ on ei!r side ( ! ro( ( ! m\?1 are also easily op5$ by mak+ two incisions1 "o on ea* side ( ! palate1 ab\t half way betwe5 ! c5tre ( ! ro( ( ! m\? & ! tee?4 ,! fl[ ( blood may be readily /opp$ by means ( a pl$get ( t[ & a /r+1 z 9 ble$+ ! horse4 ,! bra*ial ve9 ( ! =e-leg--commonly call$ ! plate-ve9--runn+ along ! inn] side "u ! sk9 af=ds a good opportunity4 ,! be/ place = punctur+ x is ab\t an in* above ! knee1 & sc>cely half an in* backw>d f ! radius1 or ! bone ( ! =e-arm4 ,no dang] ne$ to be appreh5d$ f cutt+ two or ?ree times1 if suffici5t blood _c be obta9$ at once4 ,?is ve9 w become easily disc]nible if a ligature is ti$ firmly ar\nd ! leg1 j bel[ ! %\ld]4 ,?is op]ation %\ld always be p]=m$ ) ! lancet1 if possible4 ,9 cases ( urg5t ha/e1 :]e no lancet is at h&1 a small p5knife may be us$2 b ! fleam is a dang]\s & objectionable in/rum5t4 ,,dr5*+4 ,:5ev] x is possible1 ! m$ic9e to be adm9i/]$ %\ld be m+l$ ) a portion ( food1 & ! animal ?us *eat$ or coax$ into tak+ x2 s9ce _m in/ances are on record1 9 :i* ! pig has ruptur$ "s vessel 9 8 /ruggles1 & di$ on ! spot1 or s injur$ himself z to br+ on inflammation & subsequ5t dea?4 ,:]e ?is _c be done1 ! foll[+ is ! be/ me?od3 ,let a man get ! head ( ! animal firmly betwe5 8 knees--)\t1 h[ev]1 p9*+ x--:ile ano!r secures ! h9d] p>ts4 ,!n let ! fir/ take hold ( ! head f bel[1 raise x a little1 & incl9e x slightly t[>d ! "r1 at ! same "t sep>at+ ! lips on ! left side s z to =m a hole into :i* ! fluid may be gradually p\r$--no m be+ introduc$ into ! m\? at a "t ?an c be swall[$ at once4 ,%\ld ! animal snort or *oke1 ! head mu/ be releas$ = a few mom5ts1 or he w be 9 dang] ( be+ /rangl$4 ,,cat>rh4 ,?is ailm5t--an inflammation ( ! muc\s membranes ( ! nose1 etc4--is1 if tak5 9 "t1 easily cur$ by op5+ m$ic9es1 foll[$ up by w>m bran-wa%--a w>m1 dry /y--& ab/95ce f ri* gra9s1 or /imulat+1 f>9ace\s diet4 ,! cause1 9 mo/ cases1 is exposure to drafts ( air1 :i* %\ld be gu>d$ aga9/4 ,,*ol]a4 ,= :at is pres5t$ conc]n+ ?is disease1 ! au?or is indebt$ to 8 fri5d1 ,g4 ,w4 ,b[l]1 ,v4 ,s41 ( ,c9c9nati1 ,ohio1 ^: famili>ity ) ! v>i\s diseases ( our dome/ic animals & ! be/ modes ( treat+ !m1 entitles 8 op9ions to great weight4 ,! t]m *ol]a is employ$ to designate a disease :i* has be5 v fatal among sw9e 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 & = ! reason1 t its symptoms1 z well z ! indications accompany+ its t]m9ation1 are v ne>ly alli$ to :at is manife/$ 9 ! disease ( t "n :i* visits man4 ,epidemic *ol]a has1 = sev]al ye>s pa/1 committ$ fe>ful ravages among ! sw9e (1 p>ticul>ly1 ,ohio1 ,indiana1 & ,k5tucky4 ,inde$1 _m f>m]s :o1 until rec5tly1 h be5 accu/om$ to raise l>ge numb]s ( ^! animals1 are1 9 a great measure1 dis9cl9$ to inve/ aga9 9 su* /ock1 on acc\nt ( ! sev]e losses--9 "s in/ances to ! ext5t ( ! entire drove ^u p>ticul> places4 ,v>i\s rem$ies h1 ( c\rse1 be5 prescrib$2 b ! mo/ h fail$ 9 ne>ly e case :]e ! disease has secur$ a firm foo?old4 ,prev5tives are1 !re=e1 ! mo/ t c at pres5t be expect$2 & 9 ?is direction some?+ may be done4 ,al?\gh "s peculi> *ange 9 ! atmosph]e is1 probably1 an impell+ cause ( *ol]a1 its ravages may be some:at /ay$ by remov+ o!r pr$ispos+ associate causes4 ,grant+ t ! hog is a fil?y animal & fond ( root+ among fil?1 x is by no means necess>y to p]si/1 = t reason1 9 surr\nd+ him ) all ! na/9ess possible2 = ev5 a hog1 :5 p5n$ up 9 a fil?y place1 9 company ) a l>ge numb] ( o!r hogs--p>ticul>ly :5 t place is improp]ly v5tilat$--is n z heal?y z :5 ! animals are kept toge!r 9 small] numb]s 9 a clean & well v5tilat$ b>n or p54 ,look1 = a mom5t1 at a drove ( hogs com+ along ! /reet1 ! animals all fat & ready = ! knife4 ,!y h be5 driv5 sev]al miles1 & are sc>cely able to crawl along1 _m ( !m hav+ to be c>ri$ on drays1 :ile o!rs h di$ on ! road4 ,at la/ !y are driv5 into a p51 p]haps1 sev]al in*es deep ) ! manure & fil? deposit$ !re by hundr$s ( pr$ecessors2 e hole 9 ! gr\nd has become a puddle2 & 9 su* a place "s "o hundr$ or two hundr$ animals are pil$ toge!r1 exhau/$ f ! drive :i* !y h _h4 ,!y lie d[n 9 ! mud2 & 9 a %ort "t "o c see ! /eam beg9n+ to rise f _! bodies 9 volumes1 increas+ _! already pro/rate condition by ! consequ5t inhalation ( ! noxi\s gas ?us ?r[n (f f ! sy/em2 ! blood becomes impregnat$ ) poison2 ! v>i\s functions ( ! body are !reby impair$2 & disease w inevitably be develop$ 9 "o =m or ano!r4 ,%\ld ! disease1 kn[n z ! hog *ol]a1 prevail 9 ! neighborhood1 ! *ances are v greatly 9 favor ( _! be+ attack$ by x1 & consequ5tly p]i%+4 ,! symptoms ( *ol]a are z foll[s3 ,! animal appe>s to be in/antane\sly depriv$ ( en]gy2 loss ( appetite2 ly+ d[n by himself2 occasionally mov+ ab\t sl[ly1 z ?\gh exp]i5c+ "s slight uneas9ess int]nally2 ! eyes h a v dull & sunk5 appe>ance1 :i* increases ) ! disease2 ! evacuations are almo/ cont9u\s1 ( a d>k color1 hav+ a fetid odor1 & conta9+ a l>ge quantity ( bile2 ! extremities are cold1 & sor5ess is ev9c$ :5 ! abdom5 is press$2 ! pulse is quick5$1 & sometimes h>dly p]ceptible1 :ile ! buccal membrane--t belong+ to ! *eek--pres5ts a slight purple hue2 ! tongue has a furr$ appe>ance4 ,! evacuations cont9ue fluid until ! animal expires1 :i* may be 9 twelve h\rs f ! fir/ attack1 or ! disease may run on = sev]al days4 ,9 a v %ort "t aft] dea?1 ! abdom5 becomes ( a d>k purple color1 & ^u exam9ation1 ! /oma* is f\nd to conta9 b a little fluid2 ! inte/9es are almo/ entirely empty1 reta9+ a slight quantity ( ! d>k color$ matt] be=e m5tion$2 ! muc\s membrane ( ! alim5t>y canal exhibits consid]able inflammation1 :i* sometimes appe>s only 9 pat*es1 :ile ! o!r p>ts are fill$ ) d>k v5\s blood--indicat+ a break+ up ( ! capill>y vessels 9 su* places4 ,treatm5t4 ,z a prev5tive1 ! foll[+ w be f\nd valuable3 ,fl\r ( sulphur1 six p\nds2 animal *>coal1 "o p\nd2 sulphate ( iron1 six ounces2 c9*ona pulv]iz$1 "o p\nd4 ,mix well toge!r 9 a l>ge mort>2 aft]w>ds give a table-spoonful to ea* animal1 mix$ ) a few potato-peel+s & corn meal1 ?ree times a day4 ,cont9ue ?is = "o week1 keep+ ! animal at ! same "t 9 a clean1 dry place1 & n all[+ too _m toge!r4 ,,crack+s4 ,^! w sometimes appe> on ! sk9 ( a hog1 especially ab\t ! root ( ! e>s & ( ! tail1 & at ! flanks4 ,!y are n at all to be conf\nd$ ) mange1 z !y nev] result f any ?+ b exposure to extremes ( temp]ature1 :ile ! animal is unable to avail himself ( su* protection z1 9 a /ate ( nature1 in/9ct w\ld h induc$ him to adopt4 ,!y are peculi>ly tr\blesome 9 ! heat ( summ]1 if he does n h access to wat]1 9 :i* to lave 8 p>*$ limbs & half-scor*$ c>cass4 ,ano9t ! crack$ p>ts twice or ?ree times a day ) t> & l>d1 well melt$ up toge!r4 ,,di>rh,,oe,a4 ,be=e attempt+ to /op ! dis*>ge 9 ?is disease--:i*1 if p]mitt$ to cont9ue un*eck$1 w rapidly pro/rate ! animal1 & probably t]m9ate fatally--asc]ta9 ! quality ( food :i* ! animal has rec5tly _h4 ,9 a majority ( in/ances1 ?is w be f\nd to be ! cause4 ,if tak5 9 its incipi5t /age1 a m]e *ange to a m b9d+ diet1 z corn1 fl\r1 etc41 w suffice = a cure4 ,if acidity is pres5t--produc$1 probably1 by ! hog's hav+ f$ ^u co>se1 rank grasses 9 swampy places--give "s *alk 9 ! food1 or p[d]$ egg-%ells1 ) ab\t half a dra*m ( p[d]$ rhub>b2 ! dose1 ( c\rse1 %\ld v>y ) ! size ( ! animal4 ,9 ! acorn season1 !y alone w be f\nd suffici5tly curative1 :]e facilities = obta9+ !m exi/4 ,dry lodg+ is indisp5sable2 & dilig5ce is requisite to keep x dry & clean4 ,,fev]4 ,! symptoms ( ?is disease are1 r$ness ( ! eyes1 dryness & heat ( ! no/rils1 ! lips1 & ! sk9 g5]ally2 appetite gone1 or v defective2 &1 g5]ally1 a v viol5t ?ir/4 ,illu/ration3 ,,hunt+ ,,! ,,wild ,,bo>4 ,ble$ z soon z possible2 aft] :i* h\se ! animal well1 tak+ c>e1 at ! same "t1 to h ! /y well & ?or\ghly v5tilat$4 ,! ble$+ w usually be foll[$1 9 an h\r or two1 by su* a return ( appetite z to induce ! animal to eat a suffici5t quantity ( food to be made ! vehicle = adm9i/]+ ext]nal rem$ies4 ,! be/ is bread1 /eep$ 9 bro?4 ,! hog1 h[ev]1 s9ks s rapidly :5 8 appetite is ne> gone1 t no depletive m$ic9es are1 9 g5]al1 necess>y or prop]2 ! fev] w ord9>ily yield to ! ble$+1 & ! only object ne$s to be ! support ( 8 /r5g?1 small portions ( n\ri%+ food1 adm9i/]$ frequ5tly4 ,d n let ! animal eat z mu* z 8 incl9ation might prompt2 :5 he appe>s to be no long] rav5\s1 remove ! mess1 & d n (f] x aga9 until aft] a lapse ( ?ree or f\r h\rs4 ,if ! b[els are conf9$1 ca/or & l9se$ oil1 9 equal quantities1 %\ld be add$ to ! bread & bro?1 9 ! proportion ( two to six ounces4 ,a species ( fev] frequ5tly occurs z an epizooetic1 (t5times attack+ ! male pigs1 & g5]ally ! mo/ vigor\s & be/ look+1 )\t any di/9ction ( age1 & ) a =ce & rapidity absolutely a/oni%+4 ,at o!r times1 its progress is mu* sl[]2 ! symptoms are less int5se & al>m+2 & ! vet]9>y surgeon1 employ$ at ! outset1 may meet ) "s success4 ,! causes are1 9 ! majority ( in/ances1 ! bad /yes 9 :i* ! pigs are lodg$1 & ! noisome food :i* !y (t5 conta94 ,9 addition to ^! is ! con/ant ly+ on ! dung-heap1 :5ce is exhal$ a va/ quantity ( delet]i\s gas2 also1 ! rema9+ f> too long on ! muddy or p>*$ gr\nd1 or too protract$ exposure to ! rigor ( ! season4 ,:5 an animal is attack$ ) ?is disease1 he %\ld be sep>at$ f ! o!rs1 plac$ 9 a w>m situation1 "s /imulat+ o9tm5t appli$ to ! *e/1 & a decoction ( sorrel adm9i/]$4 ,frictions ( v9eg> %\ld also be appli$ to ! dorsal & lumb> region4 ,! dr9ks %\ld be emoli5t1 slightly imbu$ ) nitre & v9eg>1 & ) aromatic fumigation ab\t ! belly4 ,if ! fev] !n appe>s to be los+ gr\nd1 :i* may be asc]ta9$ by ! regul>ity ( ! pulse1 by ! abs5ce ( ! pla9tive cries be=e he>d1 by a less labori\s respiration1 by ! abs5ce ( convulsions1 & by ! non-appe>ance ( blot*es on ! sk91 !re is a fair *ance ( recov]y4 ,!n adm9i/]1 e second h\r1 z be=e direct$1 & give a prop] all[ance ( :ite wat]1 ) gr\nd b>ley & rye4 ,:5 ! symptoms r$\ble 9 int5sity1 x is be/ to de/roy ! animal2 = x is r>e t1 aft] a c]ta9 p]iod1 mu* *ance ( recov]y exi/s4 ,ble$+ is seldom ( mu* avail1 b produces1 occasionally1 consid]able loss ( vital p[]1 & augm5ts ! putrid dia!sis4 ,,f\l ,,sk94 ,a simple irritability or f\lness ( sk9 w usually yield to cleanl9ess1 & a wa%+ ) a solution ( *loride ( lime2 b1 if x is neglect$ = any l5g? ( "t1 x assumes a malignant "*--scabs & blot*es1 or r$ & fi]y eruptions appe>--& ! disease rapidly passes into mange1 :i* w be h]eaft] notic$4 ,,inflammation ,,( ,,! ,,lungs4 ,?is disease1 popul>ly kn[n z heav+s1 is sc>cely to be reg>d$ z curable4 ,7 x obs]v$ 9 its fir/ /age1 :5 indicat$ by loss ( appetite & a %ort1 h>d c\gh1 x might1 possibly1 be got "u by copi\s ble$+1 & friction ) /imulat+ o9tm5t on ! region ( ! lungs2 m9ute & frequ5t doses ( t>t> emetic %\ld also be giv5 9 butt]--all food ( a /imulat+ nature c>efully avoid$--& ! animal kept dry & w>m4 ,if once ! heav+s set 91 x may be calculat$ ) confid5ce t ! =mation ( tub]cles 9 ! sub/ance ( ! lungs has begun2 & :5 ^! are =m$1 !y are v r>ely absorb$4 ,! causes ( ! disease are damp lodg+1 f\l air1 want ( v5tilation1 & un:olesome food4 ,:5 tub]cul> =mation becomes e/abli%$1 ! disease may be communicat$ ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! atmosph]e1 ! infecti\s influ5ce dep5d+ ^u ! noxi\s p>ticles respir$ f ! lungs ( ! diseas$ animal4 ,! foll[+ may be tri$1 ?\gh ! knife is probably ! be/ resort1 if = no o!r reason1 at lea/ to provide aga9/ ! dang] ( infection3 ,%ave ! hair away f ! *e/1 & b5ea? ea* =e-leg2 wet ! "p ) spirits ( turp5t9e1 & set fire to x1 hav+ previ\sly _h ! animal well secur$1 ) 8 head well rais$1 & a flannel clo? at h& ) :i* to ext+ui% ! flame aft] x has1 burn$ a suffici5t "t to produce slight bli/]s2 if c>ri$ too f>1 a sore is =m$1 productive ( no good effects1 & caus+ unnecess>y suff]+4 ,calomel may also be us$1 ) a view to promote ! absorption ( ! tub]cles2 b ! success is que/ionable4 ,,jaundice4 ,! symptoms ( ?is disease are1 yell[ness ( ! :ite ( ! eye2 a simil> hue ext5d+ to ! lips2 & sometimes1 b n inv>iably1 swell+ ( ! "u "p ( ! jaw4 ,treatm5t4 ,ble$ freely2 dim9i% ! quantity ( food2 & give an active ap]i5t e second day4 ,aloes are1 p]haps1 ! be/1 comb9$ ) colocyn?2 ! dose w v>y ) ! size ( ! animal4 ,,leprosy4 ,?is compla9t commonly comm5ces ) ! =mation ( a small tumor 9 ! eye1 foll[$ by a g5]al pro/ration ( spirits2 ! head is held d[n2 ! :ole frame incl9es t[>d ! gr\nd2 univ]sal languor succe$s2 ! animal refuses food1 langui%es1 & rapidly falls away 9 fle%2 bli/]s soon make _! appe>ance b5ea? ! tongue1 !n ^u ! ?roat1 ! jaws1 ! head1 & ! entire body4 ,! ,causes ( ?is disease are want ( cleanl9ess1 abs5ce ( fre% air1 want ( due att5tion to v5tilation1 & f\l fe$+4 ,! obvi\s treatm5t1 !re=e1 is1 fir/1 ble$2 clean out ! /y daily2 wa% ! affect$ animal ?or\ghly ) soap & wat]1 to :i* soda or pota% has be5 add$2 supply him ) a clean b$2 keep him dry & com=table2 let him h g5tle ex]cise1 & pl5ty ( fre% air2 limit ! quantity ( 8 food1 & dim9i% its rankness2 give bran ) wa%1 9 :i* add1 = an av]age-siz$ hog--say "o ( "o hundr$ & sixty p\nds weight--a table-spoonful ( ! fl\r ( sulphur1 ) z mu* nitre z w cov] a dime1 daily4 ,a few gra9s ( p[d]$ antimony may also be giv5 ) effect4 ,,le?>gy4 ,symptoms3 torpor2 desire to sleep2 hang+ ( ! head2 &1 frequ5tly1 r$ness ( ! eyes4 ,! orig9 ( ?is disease is1 app>5tly1 ! same z t ( indige/ion1 or surfeit1 except t1 9 ?is in/ance1 x acts ^u a hog hav+ a natural t5d5cy to a r$undancy ( blood4 ,treatm5t4 ,ble$ copi\sly2 !n adm9i/] an emetic4 ,a decoction ( camomile fl[]s w be safe/2 ?\gh a suffici5t dose ( t>t> emetic w be f> m c]ta94 ,aft] ?is1 r$uce = a few days ! am\nt ( ! animal's food1 & adm9i/] a small portion ( nitre & sulphur 9 ea* morn+'s meal4 ,,mange4 ,?is cutane\s affection owes its exi/5ce to ! pres5ce ( a m9ute insect1 call$ ac>us scabiei1 or mange-fly1 :i* burr[s b5ea? ! cuticle1 & occasions mu* irritation & annoyance 9 its progress ?r\gh ! sk94 ,its symptoms are suffici5tly well kn[n1 consi/+ ( scabs1 blot*es1 & sometimes multitudes ( m9ute pu/ules on diff]5t p>ts ( ! body4 ,if neglect$1 ^! symptoms become aggravat$2 ! disease spreads rapidly ov] ! entire surface ( ! sk91 & if all[$ to proce$ on its c\rse un*eck$1 w be=e long produce deep-seat$ ulc]s & malignant sores1 until ! :ole c>cass ( ! affect$ animal becomes a mass ( corruption4 ,! cause is to be look$ = 9 dirt1 accompani$ by hot-fe$+4 ,hogs1 h[ev] well & prop]ly kept1 w occasionally become affect$ ) ?is disease f contagion4 ,few diseases are m easily propagat$ by contact ?an mange4 ,! introduction ( a s+le affect$ pig into an e/abli%m5t may1 9 "o night1 cause ! seizure ( scores ( o!rs4 ,no f\l-sk9n$ pigs1 !re=e1 %\ld be introduc$ into ! pigg]y2 inde$1 x w\ld be an excell5t precaution to wa% e animal newly pur*as$ ) a /rong solution ( *loride ( lime4 ,treatm5t4 ,if ! mange is b ( mod]ate viol5ce1 & n ( v long /&+1 ! be/ mode is to wa% ! animal1 f sn\t to tail1 leav+ no portion ( ! body uncleans$1 ) s(t soap & wat]4 ,place him 9 a dry & clean /y1 :i* is s situat$ z to comm& a con/ant supply ( fre% air1 )\t1 at ! same "t1 an exposure to cold or draught2 furni% a b$ ( clean1 fre% /raw4 ,r$uce 8 food1 bo? 9 quality & quantity2 let boil$ or /eam$ roots1 ) butt]-milk1 or dairy-wa% take ! place ( any food ( a heat+ or inflammatory "*4 ,keep him )\t food = five or six h\rs1 & !n give to a hog ( av]age size two ounces ( ,epsom salts 9 a w>m bran ma%--to be increas$ or dim9i%$1 ( c\rse1 z ! animal's size may require4 ,?is %\ld be previ\sly mix$ ) a p9t ( w>m wat]1 & add$ to ab\t half a gallon ( w>m bran ma%1 & x w act z a g5tle purgative4 ,give 9 e meal aft]w>d "o table-spoonful ( fl\r ( sulphur1 & z mu* nitre z w cov] a dime1 = f ?ree days to a week1 accord+ to ! /ate ( ! disease4 ,:5 ! scabs beg9 to heal1 ! pu/ules to retreat1 & ! fi]y sores to fade1 a cure may be anticipat$4 ,:5 ! above treatm5t has be5 practis$ = f\rte5 days1 )\t effect+ a cure1 prep>e ! foll[+3 tra9 oil1 "o p9t2 oil ( t>1 two dra*ms2 spirits ( turp5t9e1 two dra*ms2 naph?a1 "o dra*m2 ) z mu* fl\r ( sulphur z w =m ! =ego+ into a ?ick pa/e4 ,rub ! animal previ\sly wa%$ ) ?is mixture2 let no portion ( ! hide escape4 ,keep ! hog dry & w>m aft] ?is application1 & all[ x to rema9 on 8 sk9 = ?ree days4 ,on ! f\r? day wa% him aga9 ) s(t soap1 add+ a small quantity ( soda to ! wat]4 ,dry him well aft]w>d1 & let him rema9 z he is1 hav+ aga9 *ang$ 8 b$d+1 = a day or s2 cont9ue ! sulphur & nitre z be=e4 ,almo/ all cases ( mange1 h[ev] ob/9ate1 w1 soon] or lat]1 yield to ?is treatm5t4 ,aft] he is convalesc5t1 :itewa% ! /y1 & fumigate x by plac+ a little *loride ( lime 9 a cup1 or o!r vessel1 & p\r+ a little vitriol ^u x4 ,9 ! abs5ce ( vitriol1 boil+ wat] w answ] ne>ly z well4 ,,measles4 ,?is is "o ( ! mo/ common diseases to :i* hogs are liable4 ,! symptoms are1 r$ness ( ! eyes1 f\lness ( ! sk91 & depression ( spirits2 decl9e1 or total dep>ture ( ! appetite2 small pu/ules ab\t ! ?roat1 & r$ & purple eruptions on ! sk94 ,! la/ are m pla9ly visible aft] dea?1 :5 !y imp>t a peculi> appe>ance to ! gra9 ( ! meat1 ) fad+ ( its color1 & di/5tion ( ! fibre1 giv+ an appe>ance simil> to t :i* might be produc$ by punctur+ ! fle%4 ,treatm5t4 ,all[ ! animal to fa/1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 = tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 & !n adm9i/] a w>m dr9k1 conta9+ a dra*m ( c>bonate ( soda1 & an ounce ( bole arm5ian2 wa% ! animal1 cleanse ! /y1 & *ange ! b$d+2 give at e fe$+1 or ?rice a day1 ?irty gra9s ( fl\r ( sulphur1 & t5 ( nitre4 ,?is malady is attributable to dirt1 comb9$ ) ! giv+ ( /eam$ food or wa% to hogs at too high a temp]ature4 ,x is tr\blesome to eradicate1 b usually yields to treatm5t1 & is r>ely fatal4 ,,murra94 ,?is resembles leprosy 9 its symptoms1 ) ! addition ( /agg]+1 %ortness ( brea?1 & dis*>ge ( viscid matt] f ! eyes & m\?4 ,! treatm5t %\ld consi/ ( cleanl9ess1 coolness1 ble$+1 purg+1 & limitation ( food4 ,cloves ( g>lic are recomm5d$2 & z 9 all febrile diseases !re exi/s a great] or less disposition to putrefaction1 x is probable t g>lic1 f its antiseptic prop]ties1 may be useful4 ,,qu9sy4 ,?is is an inflammatory affection ( ! gl&s ( ! ?roat4 ,treatm5t4 ,%ave away ! hair1 & rub ) t>t>-emetic o9tm5t4 ,fom5t+ ) v w>m wat] is also useful4 ,:5 ext]nal suppuration takes place1 x is to be reg>d$ z a favorable symptom4 ,9 ?is case1 wait until ! swell+s are ?or\ghly ripe2 !n ) a %>p knife make an incision ?r\gh ! entire l5g?1 press out ! matt]1 wa% ) w>m wat]1 & aft]w>d dress ! w\nd ) any res9\s o9tm5t1 or yell[ soap ) co>se br[n sug>4 ,,/agg]s4 ,?is disease is caus$ by an excessive det]m9ation ( blood to ! head4 ,treatm5t4 ,ble$ freely & purge4 ,,swell+ ,,( ,,! ,,sple54 ,! symptom mo/ positively indicative ( ?is disease is ! circum/ance ( ! affect$ animal lean+ t[>d "o side1 cr++1 z x 71 f int]nal pa91 & b5d+ t[>d ! gr\nd4 ,! cause ( ! ob/ruction on :i* ! disease dep5ds1 is ov]-fe$+--p]mitt+ ! animal to indulge its appetite to ! utmo/ ext5t t gluttony may prompt1 & ! capacity ( its /oma* admits4 ,a v %ort p]sev]ance 9 ?is mode ( managem5t--or1 r1 mismanagem5t--w produce ?is1 z well z o!r maladies1 d]iv+ _! orig9 f a deprav$ condition ( ! secretions & ! ob/ruction ( ! excretory ducts4 ,treatm5t4 ,clean out ! alim5t>y canal by means ( a p[]ful ap]i5t4 ,all[ ! animal to fa/ = f\r or five h\rs1 :5 he w take a little sweet wa% or bro?1 9 :i* may be m+l$ a dose ( ,epsom salts proportion$ to 8 size4 ,?is w g5]ally effect ! desir$ end--a copi\s evacuation--& ! action ( ! m$ic9e on ! wat]y secretions w also relieve ! exi/+ diseas$ condition ( ! sple54 ,if ! affection has cont9u$ = any l5g?1 ! animal %\ld be bl$4 ,a decoction ( ! leaves & tops ( wormwood & liv]wort1 produc$ by boil+ !m 9 s(t wat] = six h\rs1 may be giv5 9 doses ( f half a p9t to a p9t & a half1 accord+ to ! size1 age1 etc41 ( ! animal4 ,scammony & rhub>b1 mix$ 9 a bran wa%1 or ) ,indian meal1 may be giv5 ) advantage on ! foll[+ day2 or1 equal portions ( blue-pill mass & comp\nd colocyn? pill1 =m$ into a bolus ) butt]4 ,! animal hav+ be5 kept fa/+ ! previ\s night1 w probably swall[ x2 if n1 let 8 fa/ cont9ue a c\ple ( h\rs long]4 ,l[] 8 diet1 & keep him on r$uc$ f>e1 ) ex]cise1 &1 if x c be manag$1 graz+1 until ! malady has pass$ away4 ,if he is !n to be fatt5$1 x %\ld be done gradually2 be cauti\s ( at once re/or+ him to full diet4 ,,surfeit4 ,?is is ano!r "n = indige/ion4 ,! symptoms are1 pant+2 loss ( appetite2 swell+ ( ! region ab\t ! /oma*1 etc42 & frequ5tly ?r[+ up ! cont5ts ( ! /oma*4 ,treatm5t4 ,9 g5]al1 ?is affection w pass away1 provid$ only x is all[$ to cure itself1 & all food c>efully kept f ! animal = a few h\rs2 a small quantity ( sweet gra9s1 ) a little bran ma%1 may !n be giv51 b n ne>ly z mu* z ! animal w\ld wi% to take4 ,= a few days1 ! food %\ld be limit$ 9 quantity1 & ( a wa%y1 liquid nature4 ,! ord9>y food may !n be resum$1 only obs]v+ to fe$ regul>ly1 & remove ! fragm5ts rema9+ aft] ea* meal4 ,,tumors4 ,^! are h>d swell+s1 :i* make _! appe>ance on diff]5t p>ts ( ! body4 ,!y are n =midable1 & require only to be suff]$ to progress until !y s(t52 !n make a free incision1 & press out ! matt]4 ,sulphur & nitre %\ld be giv5 9 ! food1 z ! appe>ance ( ^! swell+s1 :atev] be _! cause1 indicates ! necessity ( alt]ative m$ic9es4 ,,p\ltry ,,& ,,_! ,,diseases4 ,illu/ration ,,hi/ory ,,& ,,v>ieties ,,! ,,dome/ic ,,f[l4 ,! cock tribe is us$ z a g5]ic t]m1 to include ! :ole family ( dome/ic f[ls2 ! "n ( ! male1 9 ?is in/ance1 furni%+ an appellation suffici5tly compreh5sive & well recogniz$4 ,! dome/ic cock appe>s to h be5 kn[n to man f a v e>ly p]iod4 ,( 8 real orig9 !re is little def9itely kn[n2 & ev5 ! "t & mann] ( 8 introduction into ,greece1 or ,s\!rn ,europe1 are envelop$ 9 obscurity4 ,9 ! palmie/ days ( ,greece & ,rome1 h[ev]1 he occupi$ a conspicu\s place 9 ^? public %[s :i* amus$ ! masses ( ! p4 ,he 0 d$icat$ to ! s]vice ( ! pagan deities1 & 0 connect$ ) ! wor%ip ( ,apollo1 ,m]cury1 ,m>s1 & p>ticul>ly ,esculapius4 ,! fle% ( ?is bird 0 highly e/eem$ z a delicacy1 & occupi$ a prom95t place at ! ,roman banquets4 ,great pa9s 7 tak5 9 ! re>+ & fatt5+ ( p\ltry = ?is purpose4 ,! practice ( cock-fight+1 b>b>\s z x is1 orig9at$ 9 classic times1 & among ! mo/ poli%$ & civiliz$ p ( antiquity4 ,to its introduction into ,brita9 by ! ,caes>s we owe our acqua9tance ) ! dome/ic f[l4 ,x is impossible to /ate positively to :at species ( ! wild cock1 kn[n at pres5t1 we are to look = ! primitive type1 s remote is ! date ( ! orig9al dome/ication ( ! f[l4 ,_m writ]s h endeavor$ to %[ t all ! v>ieties ( ! dome/ic f[l1 ( :i* we n[ h k1 are d]iv$ f a s+le primitive /ock4 ,x has1 also1 be5 confid5tly ass]t$ t ! dome/ic cock owes 8 orig9 to ! jungle f[l ( ,india4 ,! mo/ probable supposition1 h[ev]1 is1 t ! v>ieties kn[n to u may be ref]r$ to a few ( ! m rem>kable f[ls1 z ! prog5itors ( ! sev]al species4 ,! great f[l ( ,/4 ,jago & ,sumatra may1 p]haps1 safely be recogniz$ z ! type ( "s ( ! l>g] v>ieties1 su* z ! ,spani% & ! ,padua f[ls1 & ^? resembl+ !m2 :ile to ! ,bankiva cock1 probably1 ! small] v>ieties belong1 su* z ,bantams1 ! ,turki% f[l1 & ! l4 ,! reasons assign$ = suppos+ ^! k9ds to be ! true orig9als ( our dome/ic p\ltry1 are1 fir/1 ! close resemblance subsi/+ betwe5 _! females & our dome/ic h5s2 second1 ! size ( our dome/ic cock be+ int]m$iate betwe5 ! two1 & alt]nat+ 9 degree1 sometimes incl9+ t[>d ! "o1 & sometimes t[>d ! o!r2 ?ird1 f ! nature ( _! fea!rs & _! g5]al aspect--! =m & di/ribution ( _! tails be+ ! same z our dome/ic f[ls2 &1 f\r?1 9 ^! two birds alone are ! females provid$ ) a cre/ & small wattles1 *>act]i/ics n to be met ) 9 any o!r wild species4 ,! wild cock1 or ! ,/4 ,jago f[l1 is frequ5tly s tall z to be able to peck crumbs )\t difficulty f an ord9>y d9n]-table4 ,! weight is usually f t5 to ?irte5 or f\rte5 p\nds4 ,! comb ( bo? cock & h5 is l>ge1 cr[n-%ap$1 (t5 d\ble1 & sometimes1 b n inv>iably1 ) a tuft$ cre/ ( fea!rs1 :i* occurs ) ! greate/ frequ5cy1 & gr[s to ! l>ge/ size1 9 ! h54 ,! voice is /rong & v h>%2 & ! "y d n arrive to full plumage until m ?an half gr[n4 ,! ,bankiva f[l is a native ( ,java1 & is *>act]iz$ by a r$ ind5t$ comb1 r$ wattles1 & a%y-gray legs & feet4 ,! comb ( ! cock is scollop$1 & ! tail elevat$ a little above ! rump1 ! fea!rs be+ dispos$ 9 ! =m ( tiles or slates2 ! neck-fea!rs are ( a gold color1 long1 dep5d5t1 & r\nd$ at ! tips2 ! head & neck are ( a fawn color2 ! w+ cov]ts a dusky br[n & black2 ! tail & belly1 black4 ,! color ( ! h5 is a dusky a%-gray & yell[2 h] comb & wattles mu* small] ?an ^? ( ! cock1 &--) ! exception ( ! long hackles--%e has no fea!rs on h] neck4 ,^! f[l are exce$+ly wild1 & inhabit ! skirts ( woods1 =e/s1 & o!r savage & unfrequ5t$ places4 ,^! ,bankivas resemble our ,bantams v mu*2 &1 l !m1 are also occasionally to be se5 fea!r$ to ! feet & toes4 ,indep5d5t ( all consid]ations ( pr(itabl5ess1 dome/ic f[ls are gift$ ) two qualifications1 :i*--:e!r 9 man1 bea/1 or bird--are sure to be popul>3 a c\rage\s temp] & an affectionate disposition4 ,:5 we add to ^! beauty ( appe>ance & h>d9ess ( con/itution1 x is no wond] t !y are held 9 su* univ]sal e/eem4 ,! c\rage ( ! cock is emblematic1 8 gallantry admirable1 & 8 s5se ( discipl9e & subord9ation mo/ exempl>y4 ,! h5 is des]v$ly ! ackn[l$g$ patt]n ( mat]nal love4 ,:5 h] passion ( philoprog5itiv5ess is disappo9t$ by ! failure or subtraction ( h] own brood1 %e w ei!r cont9ue incubat+ till h] natural p[]s fail1 or w viol5tly kidnap ! "y ( o!r f[ls1 & insi/ ^u adopt+ !m4 ,x w\ld be idle to attempt an enum]ation "h ( ! num]\s bre$s & v>ieties ( ! dome/ic f[l4 ,^? only1 !re=e1 w be describ$ :i* are g5]ally accept$ z ! be/ v>ieties2 & ^! arrang$1 n 9 ! ord] ( _! m]its necess>ily1 b alphabetically1 = conv5i5ce ( ref]5ce4 ,,! ,,bantam4 ,! orig9al ( ! ,bantam is1 z has be5 already rem>k$1 ! ,bankiva f[l4 ,! small :ite1 & also ! color$ ,bantams1 ^: legs are heavily fea!r$1 are suffici5tly well-kn[n to r5d] a p>ticul> description unnecess>y4 ,bantam-fanci]s g5]ally pref] ^? :i* h clean1 bright legs1 )\t any ve/ige ( fea!rs4 ,a ?or\gh-br$ cock1 9 _! judgm5t1 %\ld h a rose comb2 a well-fea!r$ tail1 b )\t ! sickle fea!rs2 full hackles2 a pr\d1 lively c>riage2 & ought n to exce$ a p\nd 9 weight4 ,! nanke5-color$1 & ! black are ! g5]al favorites4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,bantam4 ,^! little creatures exhibit "s peculi> habits & traits ( disposition4 ,among/ o!rs1 ! cocks are s fond ( suck+ ! eggs laid by ! h5 t !y w (t5 drive h] f ! ne/ 9 ord] to obta9 !m2 !y h ev5 be5 kn[n to attack h]1 te> op5 ! ov>ium1 & dev\r its %ell-less cont5ts4 ,to prev5t ?is1 fir/ a h>d-boil$1 & !n a m>ble egg may be giv5 !m to fight )1 tak+ c>e1 at ! same "t1 to prev5t _! access ei!r to ! h5 or to any real eggs4 ,ano!r /range prop5sity is a passion = suck+ ea* o!r's blood1 :i* is *iefly exhibit$ :5 !y are m\lt+1 :5 !y h be5 kn[n to peck ea* o!r nak$1 by pull+ out ! new fea!rs z !y appe>1 & squeez+ ) _! beaks ! blood f ! bulbs at ! base4 ,^! f[ls be+ subject to a great heat ( ! sk91 its surface occasionally becomes h>d & tight5$2 9 :i* cases ! h>d roots ( ! fea!rs are drawn into a position m ne>ly at "r angles ) ! body ?an at ord9>y times1 & ! sk9 & sup]ficial muscles are ?us subject$ to an unusual degree ( pa9ful irritation4 ,! disagreeable habit is1 !re=e1 simply a provision ( ,nature = _! relief1 :i* may be successfully accompli%$ by wa%+ ) w>m wat]1 & ! subsequ5t application ( pomatum to ! sk94 ,illu/ration3 ,,bantam4 ,bantams1 9 g5]al1 are gre$y dev\r]s ( "s ( ! mo/ de/ructive ( our insects2 ! grub ( ! cock-*af] & ! crane-fly be+ especial favorites ) !m4 ,_! *ick5s c h>dly be rais$ s well1 z by all[+ !m free access to m9ute insect da9ties2 h5ce1 ! suitabl5ess ( a worn-out hotb$ = !m dur+ ! fir/ mon? or six weeks4 ,!y are ?us positively s]viceable creatures to ! f>m]1 z f> z _! limit$ range ext5ds2 & /ill m s to ! g>d5] & ! nurs]yman1 z !y w save v>i\s g>d5 crops f injuries to :i* !y w\ld o!rwise be expos$4 ,! f[l commonly kn[n z ! ,bantam is a small1 elegantly-=m$1 & h&somely t9t$ v>iety1 evid5tly b remotely alli$ to ! game bre$1 & furni%$ ) fea!rs to ! toes4 ,,! ,,african ,,bantam4 ,! cock ( ?is v>iety is r$ ^u ! neck1 back1 & hackles2 tail1 black & erect1 /udd$ ) glossy gre5 fea!rs ^u ! sides2 brea/1 black gr\nd spott$ ) yell[1 l ! ,gold5 ,pheasant2 comb1 s+le2 *eeks1 :ite or silv]y2 ! pullet is entirely black1 except ! inside ( ! w+-tips1 :i* is p]fectly :ite4 ,9 size1 !y comp>e ) ! common pigeon1 be+ v small2 _! w+s are ab\t two in*es long] ?an _! bodies2 & _! legs d>k & de/itute ( fea!rs4 ,!y are v quiet1 & ( decid$ b5efit 9 g>d5s1 9 de/roy+ bugs4 ,^! symmetrically-=m$ birds are highly priz$1 bo? by ! fanci] & ! practical man1 & ! pure-bloods are v r>e4 ,!y weigh f eight to twelve ounces ea* = ! h5s2 & ! cocks1 f sixte5 to tw5ty ounces4 ,,! ,,bolton ,,gray4 ,illu/ration3 ,,bolton ,,grays ,,or ,,creole ,,f[l4 ,^! f[ls--call$1 also1 ,dut* ,e-day ,lay]s1 ,p5cill$ ,dut* ,f[l1 ,*ittaprats1 &1 9 ,p5nsylvania1 ,creole ,f[l--7 orig9ally import$ f ,holl& to ,bolton1 a t[n 9 ,lanca%ire1 ,engl&1 :5ce !y 7 nam$4 ,!y are small siz$1 %ort 9 ! leg1 & plump 9 ! make2 color ( ! g5u9e k9d1 inv>iably pure :ite 9 ! :ole cappel ( ! neck2 ! body :ite1 ?ickly spott$ ) black1 sometimes runn+ into a grizzle1 ) "o or m black b>s at ! extremity ( ! tail4 ,a good cock ( ?is bre$ may weigh f f\r to f\r & a half p\nds2 & a h5 f ?ree to ?ree & a half p\nds4 ,! sup]iority ( a h5 ( ?is bre$ does n consi/ s mu* 9 rapid z 9 cont9u$ lay+4 ,%e may n produce z _m eggs 9 a mon? z "s o!r k9ds1 b %e w1 x is claim$1 lay m mon?s 9 ! ye> ?an probably any o!r v>iety4 ,!y are said to be v h>dy2 b _! eggs1 9 ! judgm5t ( "s1 are r wat]y & innutriti\s4 ,,! ,,blue ,,dun4 ,! v>iety kn[n "u ?is "n orig9at$ 9 ,dorset%ire1 ,engl&4 ,!y are "u ! av]age size1 r sl5d]ly made1 ( a s(t & pleas+ blui%-dun color1 ! neck be+ d>k]1 ) high1 s+le combs1 deeply s]rat$4 ,! cock is ( ! same color z ! h51 b has1 9 addition1 "s h&some d>k /ripes 9 ! long fea!rs ( ! tail1 & sometimes a few gold51 or ev5 sc>let m>ks1 on ! w+s4 ,!y are exce$+ly impud5t1 famili>1 & pugnaci\s4 ,! h5s are good lay]s1 want+ to sit aft] lay+ a mod]ate numb] ( eggs1 & prov+ att5tive & c>eful re>]s ( _! own *ick5s1 b r savage to ^? ( o!r h5s4 ,! eggs are small & %ort1 tap]+ slightly at "o end1 & p]fectly :ite4 ,! *ick5s1 on fir/ com+ f ! egg1 sometimes be> a resemblance to ! gray & yell[ catk9 ( ! will[1 be+ ( a s(t blui% gray1 mix$ ) a little yell[ "h & !re4 ,"s class ^! birds among ! game f[ls1 n recogniz+ !m z a di/9ct race1 ^u ! gr\nd t1 z !re are ,blue ,dun families belong+ to sev]al bre$s--! ,spani%1 ! ,poli%1 ! ,game1 & ! ,hamburghs1 = example--x is m correct to ref] ea* ,blue ,dun to its own prop] ance/ry4 ,,! ,,*ittagong4 ,! ,*ittagong is a v sup]ior bird1 %[y 9 plumage1 exce$+ly h>dy1 & ( v>i\s colors4 ,9 "s1 ! gray pr$om9ates1 int]sp]s$ ) lighti% yell[ & :ite fea!rs ^u ! pullets4 ,! legs are ( a r$di% fle%-color2 ! meat is delicately :ite1 ! comb l>ge & s+le1 wattles v full1 w+s good size4 ,! legs are m or less fea!r$2 ! model is graceful1 c>riage pr\d & easy1 & action prompt & det]m9$4 ,?is bre$ is ! l>ge/ 9 ! _w2 ! pullets usually weigh+ f eight to n9e p\nds :5 !y beg9 to lay1 & ! cocks f n9e to t5 p\nds at ! same age4 ,!y d n lay z _m eggs 9 a ye> z small] h5s2 b !y lay z _m p\nds ( eggs z ! be/ bre$s4 ,?is bre$ has be51 by "s1 conf\nd$ ) ! great ,malay2 b ! po9ts ( diff]5ce are v noticeable4 ,!re is less (fal2 ! fle% is f9]1 al?\gh ! size is greatly increas$2 _! fecundity is great]2 & ! (fspr+ arrive e>li] at maturity ?an 9 ! common ,malay v>iety4 ,!re is also a r$ v>iety ( ! ,*ittagong1 :i* is r small] ?an ! gray4 ,^! h legs sometimes yell[ & sometimes blue2 ! latt] color1 p]haps1 f "s mixture ) ! d>k v>iety2 ! w+s & tail are %ort4 ,sometimes !re is a rose-color$ comb1 & a top-knot1 ?r\gh cross+4 ,?is v>iety may weigh sixte5 or eighte5 p\nds a pair1 z ord9>ily br$4 ,! eggs are l>ge & ri*1 b n v abundant1 & !y d n hat* rem>kably well4 ,!re is1 besides1 a d>k-r$ v>iety2 ! h5s yell[ or br[n1 ) s+le s]rat$ comb1 & no top-knot2 legs heavily fea!r$1 ! fea!rs black & ! legs yell[4 ,! cock is black on ! brea/ & ?ighs4 ,! ,*ittagongs are g5]ally q leggy1 /&+ "s tw5ty-six in*es high2 & ! h5s tw5ty-two in*es4 ,a fir/ cross ) ! ,%anghae makes a v l>ge & valuable bird = ! table1 b n = bre$+ purposes4 ,,! ,,co*9 ,,*9a4 ,! ,co*9 ,*9a f[l are said to h be5 pres5t$ to ,que5 ,victoria f ! ,ea/ ,indies4 ,9 ord] to promote _! propagation1 h] maje/y made pres5ts ( !m occasionally to su* p]sons z %e suppos$ likely to appreciate !m4 ,!y diff] v little 9 _! qualities1 habits1 & g5]al appe>ance f ! ,%anghaes1 to :i* !y are und\bt$ly ne>ly relat$4 ,! egg is ne>ly ! same size1 %ape1 & color2 bo? h an equal developm5t ( comb & wattles--! ,co*9s slightly diff]+ f ! ,%anghaes1 *iefly 9 be+ some:at full] & deep] 9 ! brea/1 n q s deep 9 ! qu>t]1 & be+ usually smoo?-legg$1 :ile ! ,%anghaes1 g5]ally1 are m or less heavily fea!r$4 ,! plumage is mu* ! same 9 bo? cases2 & ! cr[ 9 bo? is equally sonor\s & prolong$1 diff]+ consid]ably f t ( ! ,great ,malay4 ,illu/ration3 ,,co*9 ,,*9as4 ,! cock has a l>ge1 upright1 s+le1 deeply-ind5t$ comb1 v mu* resembl+ t ( ! ,black ,spani%1 &1 :5 9 high condition1 ( q z brilliant a sc>let2 l him1 also1 he has sometimes a v l>ge :ite e>-hole on ea* *eek1 :i*1 if n an indisp5sable or ev5 a requir$ qualification1 is1 h[ev]1 to be pref]r$1 = beauty at lea/4 ,! wattles are l>ge1 wide1 & p5d5t4 ,! legs are ( a pale fle%-color2 "s specim5s h !m yell[1 :i* is objectionable4 ,! fea!rs on ! brea/ & sides are ( a bright *e/nut-br[n1 l>ge & well-def9$1 giv+ a scaly or imbricat$ appe>ance to ^? p>ts4 ,! hackle ( ! neck is ( a light yell[i% br[n2 ! l[] fea!rs be+ tipp$ ) d>k br[n1 s z to give a spott$ appe>ance to ! neck4 ,! tail-fea!rs are black1 & d>kly iridesc5t2 back1 sc>let-orange2 back-hackle1 yell[-orange4 ,x is1 9 %ort1 altoge!r a flame-color$ bird4 ,bo? sexes are l[] 9 ! leg ?an ei!r ! ,black ,spani% or ! ,malay4 ,! h5 approa*es 9 h] build m ne>ly to ! ,dork+ ?an to any o!r bre$1 except t ! tail is v small & proportionately depress$2 x is small] & m horizontal ?an 9 any o!r f[l4 ,h] comb is ( mod]ate size1 almo/ small2 %e has1 also1 a small1 :ite e>-hole4 ,h] color+ is flat1 be+ compos$ ( v>i\s %ades ( v light br[n1 ) light yell[ on ! neck4 ,h] appe>ance is quiet1 & only attracts att5tion by its extreme neatness1 cleanl9ess1 & compactness4 ,! eggs av]age ab\t two ounces ea*4 ,!y are smoo?1 ( an oval %ape1 equally r\nd$ at ea* end1 & ( a ri* buff color1 ne>ly resembl+ ^? ( ! ,silv] ,pheasant4 ,! newly-hat*$ *ick5s appe> v l>ge 9 proportion to ! size ( ! egg4 ,!y h light1 fle%-color$ bills1 feet1 & legs1 & are ?ickly cov]$ ) d[n1 ( ! hue commonly call$ c>roty4 ,!y are n less ?rifty ?an any o!r *ick5s1 & fea!r some:at m uni=mly ?an ei!r ! ,black ,spani% or ! ,malay4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 mo/ desirable to hat* ^!--z well z o!r l>ge-gr[+ v>ieties--z e>ly 9 ! spr+ z possible2 ev5 s soon z ! end ( ,febru>y4 ,a peculi>ity 9 ! cock]els is1 t !y d n %[ ev5 ! rudim5ts ( _! tail-fea!rs till !y are ne>ly full-gr[n4 ,!y increase s rapidly 9 o!r directions1 t !re is no mat]ial to sp>e = ! production ( ^! decorative app5dages4 ,! m]its ( ?is bre$ are su* t x may safely be recomm5d$ to p resid+ 9 ! c\ntry4 ,= ! inhabitants ( t[ns x is less desirable1 z ! light tone ( its plumage w\ld %[ e m>k ( dirt & defilem5t2 & ! read9ess ) :i* !y sit w\ld be an inconv5i5ce1 r ?an o!rwise1 9 families ) :om p]petual lay]s are mo/ 9 requisition4 ,exp5se ap>t1 !y are equal or sup]ior to any o!r f[l = ! table2 _! fle% is delicate1 :ite1 t5d]1 & well flavor$4 ,,! ,,cuckoo4 ,! f[l s t]m$ 9 ,norfolk1 ,engl&1 is1 v probably1 an old & di/9ct v>iety2 al?\gh !y are g5]ally reg>d$ z m]e ,b>n-door f[ls--t is1 ! m]ely accid5tal result ( promiscu\s cross+4 ,! "n probably orig9at$ f its b>r$1 plumage1 :i* resembles t on ! brea/ ( ! ,cuckoo4 ,! prevail+ color is a slaty blue1 undulat$1 & s(tly %ad$ ) :ite all ov] ! body1 =m+ b&s ( v>i\s wid?s4 ,! comb is v small2 irides1 bright orange2 feet & legs1 light fle%-color4 ,! h5s are ( a good size2 ! cocks are l>ge1 approa*+ ! heavie/ bre$s 9 weight4 ,! *ick5s1 at two or ?ree mon?s old1 exhibits ! b>r$ plumage ev5 m p]fectly ?an ! full-gr[n birds4 ,! eggs av]age ab\t two ounces ea*1 are :ite1 & ( porcela9 smoo?ness4 ,! newly-hat*$ *ick5s are gray1 mu* resembl+ ^? ( ! ,silv] ,pol&s1 except 9 ! color ( ! feet & legs4 ,?is bre$ supplies an unfail+ troop ( good lay]s1 good sitt]s1 good mo!rs & good fe$]s2 & is well wor? promotion 9 ! p\ltry-y>d4 ,,! ,,dom9ique4 ,?is seems to be a tol]ably di/9ct & p]man5t v>iety1 ab\t ! size ( ! common ,dunghill ,f[l4 ,_! combs are g5]ally d\ble--or rose1 z x is sometimes call$--& ! wattles small4 ,_! plumage pres5ts1 all ov]1 a sort ( gre5i% appe>ance1 f a peculi> arrangem5t ( blue & :ite fea!rs1 :i* is ! *ief *>act]i/ic ( ! v>iety2 al?\gh1 9 "s specim5s1 ! plumage is inevitably gray 9 bo? cock & h54 ,!y are v h>dy1 heal?y1 excell5t lay]s1 & capital incubators4 ,no f[l h bett] /ood ! te/s ( mix+ )\t det]iorat+ ?an ! pure ,dom9ique4 ,_! "n is tak5 f ! isl& ( ,dom9ica1 f :i* !y are report$ to h be5 import$4 ,take all 9 all1 !y are "o ( ! v be/ bre$s ( f[l :i* we h2 & al?\gh !y d n come 9 to lay+ s "y z ! ,spani%1 !y are f> bett] sitt]s & nurs]s4 ,,! ,,dork+4 ,?is has be5 t]m$ ! ,capon ,f[l ( ,engl&4 ,x =ms ! *ief supply = ! ,london m>ket1 & is di/+ui%$ by a :ite or fle%-color$ smoo? leg1 arm$ ) five1 in/ead ( f\r toes1 on ea* foot4 ,its fle% is extremely delicate1 especially aft] caponization2 & x has ! advantage ov] "s o!r f[ls ( fe$+ rapidly1 & gr[+ to a v respectable size :5 prop]ly manag$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,:ite ,,dork+s4 ,= ^? :o wi% to /ock _! p\ltry y>ds ) f[ls ( ! mo/ desirable %ape & size1 clo!d 9 ri* & v>igat$ plumage1 &1 n expect+ p]fection1 are will+ to ov]look "o or two o!r po9ts1 ! ,speckl$ ,dork+s--s call$ f ! t[n ( ,surrey1 ,engl&1 :i* br\ght !m into mod]n repute--%\ld be select$4 ,! h5s1 9 addition to _! gay colors1 h a l>ge1 v]tically flat comb1 :i*1 :5 !y are 9 high heal?1 adds v mu* to _! brilliant appe>ance1 p>ticul>ly if se5 9 bright sun%9e4 ,! cocks are magnific5t4 ,! mo/ gorge\s hues are lavi%$ ^u !m1 :i* _! great size & peculi>ly squ>e-built =m display to ! greate/ advantage4 ,_! legs are %ort2 _! brea/ broad2 !re is b a small proportion ( (fal2 & ! good1 pr(itable fle% is abundant4 ,! cocks may be br\ght to consid]able weight1 & ! flavor & appe>ance ( _! meat are inf]ior to none4 ,! eggs are produc$ 9 reasonable abundance2 &1 ?\gh n equal 9 size to ^? ( ,spani% h5s1 may fairly be call$ l>ge4 ,!y are n ev]la/+ lay]s1 b at due or conv5i5t int]vals manife/ ! desire ( sitt+4 ,9 ?is respect1 !y are /eady & good mo!rs :5 ! little ones appe>4 ,!y are bett] adapt$ ?an any o!r f[l1 except ! ,malay1 to hat* sup]abundant turkeys' eggs2 z _! size & bulk enable !m to af=d w>m? & %elt] to ! "y = a long p]iod4 ,= ! same reason1 sp>e goose eggs may be entru/$ to !m4 ,) all ^! m]its1 h[ev]1 !y are n f\nd to be a pr(itable bre$1 if kept ?or\gh-br$ & unmix$4 ,_! p[]s seem to fail at an e>ly age4 ,!y are also apt to p9e away & die j at ! po9t ( rea*+ maturity4 ,!y appe> at a c]ta9 epo* to be seiz$ ) consumption--9 ! ,speckl$ ,dork+s1 ! lungs seem+ to be ! seat ( ! disease4 ,! ,:ite ,dork+s are1 h[ev]1 h>dy & active birds1 & are n subject to consumption or any o!r disease4 ,z mo!rs1 an objection to ! ,dork+s is1 t !y are too heavy & clumsy to re> ! *ick5s ( any small] & m delicate bird ?an !mselves4 ,pheasants1 p>tridges1 bantams1 & ,gu9ea f[l are trampl$ "u foot & cru%$1 if 9 ! lea/ weakly4 ,! h51 9 h] affectionate indu/ry 9 scrat*+ = grub1 kicks h] smalle/ nursl+s "r & left1 & leaves !m sprawl+ on _! backs2 & be=e !y are a mon? old1 half ( !m w be muddl$ to dea? ) ?is r\gh k9dness4 ,9 spite ( ^! drawbacks1 ! ,dork+s are /ill 9 high favor2 b a cross is f\nd to be m pr(itable ?an ! true bre$4 ,a glossy1 en]getic game-cock1 ) ,dork+ h5s1 produces *ick5s 9 size & beauty little inf]ior to _! mat]nal p>5tage1 & mu* m robu/4 ,! sup]num]>y toe on ea* foot almo/ always disappe>s ) ! fir/ cross2 b x is a po9t :i* c v well be sp>$ )\t mu* disadvantage4 ,9 o!r respects1 ! appe>ance ( ! newly-hat*$ *ick5s is sc>cely alt]$4 ,! eggs ( ! ,dork+s are l>ge1 pure :ite1 v mu* r\nd$1 & ne>ly equal 9 size at ea* end4 ,! *ick5s are br[ni%-yell[1 ) a broad br[n /ripe d[n ! middle ( ! back1 & a n>r[] "o on ea* side2 feet & legs yell[4 ,,! ,,fawn-,,color$ ,,dork+4 ,! f[l be>+ ?is "n is a cross betwe5 ! :ite ,dork+ & ! fawn-color$ ,turki% f[l4 ,!y are1 ( l(ty c>riage1 h&some1 & heal?y4 ,! males ( ?is bre$ weigh f eight to n9e p\nds1 & ! females f six to sev52 & !y come to maturity e>ly = s l>ge a f[l4 ,_! tails are %ort] & _! eggs d>k] ?an ^? ( o!r ,dork+s2 _! fle% is f9e & _! eggs ri*4 ,x is "o ( ! be/ v>ieties ( f[l kn[n1 z ! size is readily increas$ )\t dim9i%+ ! f95ess ( ! fle%4 ,,! ,,black ,,dork+4 ,! bodies ( ?is v>iety are ( a l>ge size1 ) ! usual proportions ( ! race1 & ( a jet-black color4 ,! neck-fea!rs ( "s ( ! cocks are t+$ ) a bright gold color1 & ^? ( "s ( ! h5s be> a silv]y complexion4 ,_! combs are usually d\ble1 & v %ort1 ?\gh sometimes cupp$1 rose1 or s+le1 ) wattles small2 & !y are usually v r$ ab\t ! head4 ,_! tails are r %ort] & broad] ?an mo/ ( ! race1 & !y fea!r r sl[ly4 ,_! legs are %ort & black1 ) five toes on ea* foot1 ! bottom ( :i* is sometimes yell[4 ,! two back toes are v di/9ct1 />t+ f ! foot sep>ately2 & !re is frequ5tly a "p ( an extra toe betwe5 ! two4 ,?is bre$ comm5ce lay+ :5 v "y1 & are v ?rifty lay]s dur+ w9t]4 ,_! eggs are ( a l>ge size1 & hat* well2 !y are p]fectly h>dy1 z _! color indicates1 & = ! product are consid]$ among ! mo/ valuable ( ! ,dork+ bre$4 ,,! ,,dunghill ,,f[l4 ,?is is sometimes call$ ! ,b>n-door f[l1 & is *>act]iz$ by a ?91 s]rat$1 upright comb1 & wattles hang+ f ea* side ( ! l[] m&ible2 ! tail rises 9 an ar*1 above ! level ( ! rump2 ! fea!rs ( ! rump are long & l9e-l2 & ! color is f9ely v>iegat$4 ,! female's comb & wattles are small] ?an ^? ( ! cock2 %e is less 9 size1 & h] colors are m dull & sombre4 ,9 ! be/ specim5s ( ?is v>iety1 ! legs %\ld be :ite & smoo?1 l ^? ( ! ,dork+1 & _! bodies r\nd & plump4 ,be+ mongrels1 !y bre$ all colors1 & are usually f five to sev5 or eight p\nds p] pair4 ,,! ,,frizzl$ ,,f[l4 ,?is f[l is errone\sly suppos$ to be a native ( ,japan1 &1 by an equally common error1 is frequ5tly call$ ! ,friesl&1 "u ! appreh5sion t x is d]iv$ f t place4 ,its "n1 h[ev]1 orig9ates f its peculi> appe>ance4 ,x is difficult to say :e!r ?is is an aborig9al v>iety1 or m]ely a peculi> in/ance ( ! morphology ( fea!rs2 ! circum/ance t !re are also frizzl$ ,bantams1 w\ld seem to make 9 favor ( ! latt] position4 ,! fea!rs are ruffl$ or frizzl$1 & ! rev]sion makes !m peculi>ly susceptible ( cold & wet1 s9ce _! plumage is ( little use z clo?+4 ,!y h ?us ! dem]it ( be+ t5d] z well z ugly4 ,9 good specim5s1 e fea!r looks z if x _h be5 curl$ ! wrong way ) a pair ( hot curl+-irons4 ,! plumage is v>iegat$ 9 its colors2 & !re are two v>ieties1 call$ ! ,black & ,:ite ,frizzl$4 ,! /ock1 :i* is r curi\s ?an valuable1 is reta9$ 9 ?is c\ntry m by importation ?an by re>+4 ,"s writ]s say t ?is v>iety is a native ( ,asia1 & t x exi/s 9 a dome/ic /ate ?r\gh\t ,java1 ,sumatra1 & all ! ,philipp9e isl&s1 :]e x succe$s well4 ,x is1 accord+ to su*1 unc]ta9 9 :at c\ntry x is /ill f\nd wild4 ,,! ,,game ,,f[l4 ,x is probable t ^! f[l1 l o!r *oice v>ieties1 are natives ( ,india4 ,x is c]ta9 t 9 t c\ntry an orig9al race ( "s f[l exi/s1 at ! pres5t day1 be>+ 9 full p]fection all ! peculi> *>act]i/ics ( ! species4 ,9 ,india1 z is well kn[n1 ! natives are infect$ ) a passion = cock-fight+4 ,^! f[ls are c>efully br$ = ?is b>b>\s amusem5t1 & ! f9e/ birds become articles ( great value4 ,9 ,sumatra1 ! inhabitants are s mu* addict$ to ! cruel sports to :i* ^! f[ls are devot$1 t in/ances are record$ ( m5 /ak+ n only _! prop]ty ^u ! issue ( a fight1 b ev5 _! wives & *ildr54 ,! ,*9ese are likewise passionately fond ( ?is pa/ime2 z1 inde$1 are all ! inhabitants ( ! ,indian c\ntries pr(ess+ ! ,mussulman cre$4 ,! ,romans introduc$ ! practice into ,brita91 9 :i* c\ntry ! e>lie/ record$ cock-fight dates back to ab\t ! ye> #aajj4 ,9 ,mexico & ! ,s\? ,am]ican c\ntries x is /ill a national amusem5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,gray ,,game ,,f[ls4 ,! game f[l is "o ( ! mo/ gracefully =m$ & beautifully color$ ( our dome/ic bre$s ( p\ltry2 & 9 its =m1 aspect1 & t extraord9>y c\rage :i* *>act]izes its natural disposition1 exhibits all t ei!r ! naturali/ or ! sportsman w\ld at once recognize z ! pure/ type ( high blood1 embody+1 9 %ort1 all ! mo/ indubitable *>act]i/ics ( gall9ace\s ari/ocracy4 ,x is some:at inf]ior 9 size to o!r bre$s1 & 9 its %ape approximates m closely to ! elegance & lightness ( =m usually *>act]i/ic ( a pure & uncontam9at$ race4 ,among/ p\ltry1 he is :at ! ,arabian is among/ horses1 ! high-br$ ,%ort-horn among/ cattle1 & ! fleet greyh\nd among/ ! can9e race4 ,! fle% is beautifully :ite1 z well z t5d] & delicate4 ,! h5s are excell5t lay]s1 & al?\gh ! eggs are "u ! av]age size1 !y are n to be surpass$ 9 excell5ce ( flavor4 ,su* be+ ! "* ( ?is v>iety ( f[l1 x w\ld d\btless be mu* m ext5sively cultivat$ ?an x is1 7 x n = ! difficulty att5d+ ! re>+ ( ! "y2 _! pugnacity be+ su*1 t a brood is sc>cely fea!r$ be=e at lea/ "o-half are kill$ or bl9d$ by fight+4 ,) prop] c>e1 h[ev]1 mo/ ( ! difficulties to be appreh5d$ may be avoid$4 ,x is exce$+ly desirable to p]petuate ! race1 = uses ! mo/ important & valuable4 ,z a cross ) o!r bre$s1 !y are invaluable 9 improv+ ! flavor ( ! fle%1 :i* is an inv>iable consequ5ce4 ,! plumage ( all f[l relat$ to !m is increas$ 9 brilliancy2 & !y are1 moreov]1 v prolific1 & ! eggs are always enri*$4 ,,! ,,mexican ,,h5-,,cock4 ,?is unique bre$ is a favorite v>iety ) ! ,mexicans1 :o t]m !m ,h5-cocks f ! fact t ! male birds h %ort1 broad tails1 &1 9 color & plumage1 ! appe>ance ( ! h5s ( ! same v>iety1 diff]+ only 9 ! comb1 :i* is v l>ge & erect 9 ! cock1 & small 9 ! h54 ,!y are g5]ally pheasant-color$1 ) occasional *anges 9 plumage f a light yell[ to a d>k gray2 &1 9 "s in/ances1 !re is a t5d5cy to black tail-fea!rs & brea/1 z well z an incl9ation to gray & light yell[1 & ) a slight approximation to r$ hackles 9 "s r>e in/ances4 ,?is v>iety has a /rong frame1 & v l>ge & muscul> ?ighs4 ,! cocks are di/+ui%$ by l>ge1 upright combs1 /rong bills1 & v l>ge1 lu/r\s eyes4 ,! legs v>y f a dirty to a d>k-gre5 color4 ,! h5 does n mat]ially diff] 9 appe>ance f ! cock4 ,!y are z good lay]s & sitt]s z any o!r game bre$1 & are good nurses4 ,,! ,,wild ,,indian ,,game4 ,?is v>iety 0 orig9ally import$ into ?is c\ntry f ,calcutta4 ,! h5 has a long neck1 l a wild goose2 nei!r comb nor wattles2 ( a d>k1 glossy gre5 color2 v %ort fan tail2 l(ty 9 c>riage1 trim built1 & wild 9 g5]al appe>ance2 legs v l>ge & long1 spott$ ) blue2 ord9>y weight f f\r & a half to six p\nds4 ,z a lay]1 %e is equal to o!r f[ls ( ! game v>iety4 ,! cock /&s z high z a l>ge turkey1 & weighs n9e p\nds & upw>d2 ! plumage is ( a r$di% ca/1 int]sp]s$ ) spots ( glossy gre52 comb v small2 no wattles2 & bill unlike e o!r f[l1 except ! h54 ,,! ,,spani% ,,game4 ,?is v>iety is call$ ! ,engli% f[l by "s writ]s4 ,x is m sl5d] 9 ! body1 ! neck1 ! bill1 & ! legs1 ?an ! o!r v>ieties1 & ! colors1 p>ticul>ly ( ! cock1 are v bright & %[y4 ,! fle% is :ite1 t5d]1 & delicate1 & on ?is acc\nt m>ketable2 ! eggs are small1 & extremely delicate4 ,! plumage is v beautiful--a cle>1 d>k r$1 v bright1 ext5d+ f ! back to ! extremities1 :ile ! brea/ is beautifully black4 ,! upp] convex side ( ! w+ is equally r$ & black1 & ! :ole ( ! tail-fea!rs :ite4 ,! beak & legs are black2 ! eyes resemble jet beads1 v full & brilliant2 & ! :ole cont\r ( ! head gives a mo/ f]oci\s expression4 ,,! ,,gueld]l&4 ,! ,gueld]l& f[l 7 orig9ally import$ into ?is c\ntry f ! nor? ( ,holl&1 :]e !y are suppos$ to h orig9at$4 ,!y are v symmetrical 9 =m1 & graceful 9 _! motions4 ,!y h "o noticeable peculi>ity1 :i* consi/s 9 ! abs5ce ( a comb 9 ei!r sex4 ,?is is replac$ by an ind5tation on ! top ( ! head2 & f ! extreme end ( ?is1 at ! back1 a small spike ( fea!rs rises4 ,?is adds greatly to ! beauty ( ! f[l4 ,! pres5ce ( ! male is especially dignifi$1 & ! female is little inf]ior 9 c>riage4 ,illu/ration3 ,,gueld]l&s4 ,! plumage is ( a beautiful black1 t+$ ) blue1 ( v ri* appe>ance1 & be>+ a brilliant gloss4 ,! legs are black1 &1 9 "s few in/ances1 slightly fea!r$4 ,crosses ) ! ,%anghae h heavily fea!r$ legs4 ,! wattles are ( good size 9 ! cock1 :ile ^? ( ! h5 are slightly less4 ,! fle% is f9e1 ( :ite color1 & ( excell5t flavor4 ,! eggs are l>ge & delicate--! %ell be+ ?ick] ?an 9 ^? ( mo/ o!r f[ls--& are mu* priz$ = _! good qualities4 ,! h5s are great lay]s1 seldom incl9+ to sit4 ,_! weight is f five p\nds = ! pullets1 to sev5 p\nds = ! cocks4 ,! ,gueld]l&s1 9 %ort1 possess all ! *>act]i/ics ( a p]fect bre$2 & 9 bre$+ !m1 ?is is demon/rat$ by ! uni=m aspect :i* is obs]vable 9 _! desc5dants4 ,!y are light & active birds1 & are n surpass$1 9 po9t ( beauty & utility1 by any bre$ kn[n 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,! only objection1 inde$1 :i* has be5 rais$ aga9/ !m is ! t5d]ness ( ! *ick5s4 ,) a degree ( c>e1 h[ev]1 equal to _! value1 ?is difficulty c be surm\nt$1 & ! bre$ mu/ be highly appreciat$ by all :o h a ta/e = beauty1 & :o desire f9e fle% & lusci\s eggs4 ,,! ,,spangl$ ,,hamburgh4 ,! ,spangl$ ,hamburgh f[l are divid$ into two v>ieties1 ! di/9ctive *>act]i/ics be+ slight1 & almo/ dep5d5t ^u color2 ^! v>ieties are t]m$ ! ,gold5 & ,silv] ,spangl$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,hamburgh ,,f[ls4 ,! ,gold5 ,spangl$ is "o ( no ord9>y beauty2 x is well & v neatly made1 has a good body1 & no v great (fal4 ,on ! cre/1 imm$iately above ! beak1 are two small1 fle%y horns1 resembl+1 to "s ext5t1 an abortive comb4 ,above ?is cre/1 & occupy+ ! place ( a comb1 is a v l>ge br[n or yell[ tuft1 ! fea!rs compos+ x d>k5+ t[>d _! extremities4 ,"u ! ins]tion ( ! l[] m&ible--or t portion ( ! neck correspond+ to ! *9 9 man--is a full1 d>k-color$ tuft1 some:at resembl+ a be>d4 ,! wattles are v small2 ! comb1 z 9 o!r high-cre/$ f[ls1 is v dim9utive2 & ! sk9 & fle% :ite4 ,! hackles on ! neck are ( a brilliant orange1 or gold5 yell[2 & ! g5]al gr\nd-color ( ! body is ( ! same hue1 b some:at d>k]4 ,! ?ighs are ( a d>k-br[n or blacki% %ade1 & ! legs & feet are ( a blui% gray4 ,9 ! ,silv] ,spangl$ v>iety1 ! only p]ceptible diff]5ce is1 t ! gr\nd color is a silv]y :ite4 ,! extremity & a portion ( ! extreme m>g9 ( ea* fea!r are black1 pres5t+1 :5 9 a /ate ( re/1 ! appe>ance ( regul> semicircul> m>ks1 or spangles--& h5ce ! "n1 ,spangl$ ,hamburgh2 ! v>ieties be+ t]m$ gold or silv]1 accord+ to ! prevail+ color be+ bright yell[1 or silv]y :ite4 ,! eggs are ( mod]ate size1 b abundant2 *ick5s easily re>$4 ,9 m]e excell5ce ( fle% & z lay]s1 !y are inf]ior to ! ,dork+ or ! ,spani%4 ,!y weigh f f\r & a half to five & a half p\nds = ! male1 & ?ree & a half = ! female4 ,! =m] /&s "s tw5ty in*es 9 height1 & ! latt] ab\t eighte5 in*es4 ,,! ,,java4 ,! ,great ,java f[l is seldom se5 9 ?is c\ntry 9 its purity4 ,!y are ( a black or d>k auburn color1 ) v l>ge1 ?ick legs1 s+le comb & wattles4 ,!y are good lay]s1 & _! eggs are v l>ge & well-flavor$2 _! gait is sl[ & maje/ic4 ,!y are1 9 fact1 among/ ! mo/ valuable f[ls 9 ! c\ntry1 & are frequ5tly describ$ z ,spani% f[ls1 ?an :i* no?+ is m errone\s4 ,!y are z di/9ctly an orig9al bre$ z ! pure-blood$ ,great ,malay1 & possess ab\t ! same qualities z to excell5ce1 b fall r %ort ( !m 9 beauty4 ,"s1 h[ev]1 consid] ! pure ,java sup]ior to all o!r l>ge f[ls1 s f> z beauty is conc]n$4 ,_! plumage is decid$ly ri*4 ,,! ,,j]sey-,,blue4 ,! color ( ?is v>iety is light-blue1 sometimes approa*+ to dun2 ! tail & w+s r %ort] ?an ^? ( ! common f[l2 its legs are ( v>i\s colors1 g5]ally black1 sometimes lightly fea!r$4 ,( sup]ior specim5s1 ! cocks weigh f sev5 to n9e p\nds1 & ! h5s f six to eight4 ,!y are evid5tly mongrels2 & ?\gh once mu* e/eem$1 !y h be5 q neglect$1 s f> z bre$+ f !m is conc]n$1 s9ce ! introduction ( ! pur] bre$s1 z ! ,%anghaes & ! ,co*9-,*9as4 ,,! ,,l>k-,,cre/$ ,,f[l4 ,?is bre$ is sometimes conf\nd$ ) ! ,poli% f[l2 b ! %ape ( ! cre/1 z well z ! proportions ( ! bird1 is diff]5t4 ,?is v>iety1 ( :atev] color x may be1 is ( a peculi> tap]-=m1 incl9+ =w>d1 ) a mod]ately depress$1 backw>d-direct$ cre/1 & defici5t 9 ! neatness ( ! legs & feet s conspicu\s 9 ! ,pol&s2 ! latt] are ( m upright c>riage & ( a m squ>ely-built frame4 ,p]haps a good di/9ction betwe5 ! two v>ieties is1 t ! ,l>k-cre/$ h an occipital cre/1 & ! ,pol& m ( a frontal "o4 ,!y are ( v>i\s colors3 pure sn[ :ite1 br[n ) yell[ hackles1 & black4 ,! :ite is1 p]haps1 m brilliant ?an is se5 9 any o!r dome/icat$ gall9ace\s bird1 be+ mu* m dazzl+ ?an t ( ! ,:ite ,gu9ea ,f[l1 or ! ,:ite ,pea ,f[l4 ,?is :ite v>iety is 9 great e/eem1 hav+ a rem>kably neat & lively appe>ance :5 rambl+ ab\t a home/ead4 ,!y look v clean & attractive :5 dress$ = m>ket2 an old bird1 clev]ly truss$1 w be1 app>5tly1 z delicate & transp>5t 9 sk9 & fle% z an ord9>y *ick54 ,_! fea!rs are also m salable ?an ^? f d>k] color$ f[ls4 ,!y are b little1 if1 inde$1 any1 m t5d] ?an o!r k9ds rais$ ne> ! b>n-door2 !y are 9 e way pref]able to ! ,:ite ,dork+s4 ,9 ! cocks1 a s+le1 upright comb sometimes almo/ entirely takes ! place ( ! cre/2 ! h5s1 too1 v>y 9 ?is respect1 "s hav+ n m ?an half a doz5 fea!rs 9 _! head-dress4 ,if !y 7 n ( av]age m]it1 z to _! lay+ & sitt+ qualifications1 !y w\ld n reta9 ! favor !y d ) ! ?rifty h\se-wives by :om !y are *iefly cultivat$4 ,,! ,,malay4 ,illu/ration3 ,,malays4 ,?is maje/ic bird is f\nd on ! p59sula f :i* x d]ives its "n1 &1 9 ! op9ion ( _m1 =ms a connect+ l9k betwe5 ! wild & dome/icat$ races ( f[ls4 ,some?+ v l !m is1 inde$1 /ill to be f\nd 9 ! ,ea/4 ,?is native ,indian bird--! ,gigantic ,cock1 ! ,kulm ,cock ( ,europeans--(t5 /&s consid]ably m ?an two feet f ! cr[n ( ! head to ! gr\nd4 ,! comb ext5ds backw>d 9 a l9e ) ! eyes2 x is ?ick1 a little elevat$1 r\nd$ ^u ! top1 & has almo/ ! appe>ance ( hav+ be5 cut (f4 ,! wattles ( ! "u m&ibles are comp>atively small1 & ! ?roat is b>e4 ,pale1 gold5-r$di% hackles ornam5t ! head1 neck1 & upp] "p ( ! back1 & "s ( ^! spr+ be=e ! b>e "p ( ! ?roat4 ,! middle ( ! back & small] w+-cov]ts are deep *e/nut1 ! webs ( ! fea!rs disunit$2 pale r$di%-yell[1 long1 droop+ hackles cov] ! rump & base ( ! tail1 :i* la/ is v ample1 & entirely ( a glossy gre51 ( :i* color are ! w+-cov]ts2 ! second>ies & quills are pale r$di%-yell[ on _! out] webs4 ,all ! "u p>ts are deep glossy blacki%-gre51 ) high reflections2 ! deep *e/nut ( ! base ( ! fea!rs appe>s occasionally1 & gives a mottl$ & int]rupt$ appe>ance to ^? p>ts4 ,! weight ( ! ,malay1 9 g5]al1 exce$s t ( ! ,co*9-,*9a2 ! male weigh+1 :5 full-gr[n1 f elev5 to twelve1 & ev5 ?irte5 p\nds1 & ! female f eight to t5 p\nds2 height1 f tw5ty-six to tw5ty-eight in*es4 ,!y pres5t no /rik+ uni=mity ( plumage1 be+ ( all %ades1 f black to :ite2 ! m common color ( ! female is a light r$di%-yell[1 ) sometimes a fa9t t+e ( dunni%-blue1 especially 9 ! tail4 ,! cock is frequ5tly ( a yell[i%-r$ color1 ) black int]m+l$ 9 ! brea/1 ?ighs1 & tail4 ,he has a small1 b ?ick comb1 g5]ally incl9$ to "o side2 he %\ld be snake-head$1 & free f ! slighte/ trace ( top-knot2 ! wattles %\ld be extremely small1 ev5 9 an old bird2 ! legs are n fea!r$1 z 9 ! case ( ! ,%anghaes1 b1 l !m & ! ,co*9-,*9as1 8 tail is small1 comp>$ ) 8 size4 ,9 ! female1 !re is sc>cely any %[ ( comb or wattles4 ,_! legs are long & /\t2 _! fle% is v well flavor$1 :5 !y h be5 prop]ly fatt5$2 & _! eggs are s l>ge & ri* t two ( !m are equal to ?ree ( ^? ( our ord9>y f[ls4 ,! ,malay cock1 9 8 p]fection1 is a rem>kably c\rage\s & /rong bird4 ,8 beak is v ?ick1 & he is a =midable antagoni/ :5 (f5d$4 ,8 cr[ is l\d1 h>%1 & prolong$1 z 9 ! case ( ! ,co*9-,*9a1 b brok5 (f abruptly at ! t]m9ation2 ?is is q *>act]i/ic ( ! bird4 ,! *ick5s are at fir/ v /rong1 ) yell[ legs1 & are ?ickly cov]$ ) light br[n d[n2 b1 by ! "t !y are "o-?ird gr[n1 ! increase ( _! bodies has s f> out/ripp$ t ( _! fea!rs1 t !y are half nak$ ab\t ! back & %\ld]s1 & extremely susceptible ( cold & wet4 ,! great secret ( re>+ !m is1 to h !m hat*$ v e>ly inde$1 s t !y may h safely pass$ ?r\gh ?is p]iod ( unclo!d adolesc5ce dur+ ! dry1 sunny "p ( ,may & ,june1 & rea*$ ne>ly _! full /ature be=e ! midsumm] ra9s desc5d4 ,malay h5s are mu* us$ by "s = hat*+ ! eggs ( turkeys--a task = :i* !y are well adapt$ 9 e respect b "o1 :i* is1 t !y w foll[ _! natural in/9ct 9 turn+ (f _! *ick5s at ! usual "t1 in/ead ( reta9+ *>ge ( !m z long z ! "m turkey w\ld h done4 ,gosl+s w\ld suff] less f su* untimely des]tion4 ,,! ,,pheasant ,,malay4 ,?is v>iety is highly valu$ by _m1 n on acc\nt ( its intr9sic m]its1 :i* are consid]able1 b because x is believ$ to be a cross betwe5 ! pheasant & ! common f[l4 ,?is is1 h[ev]1 an errone\s op9ion4 ,hybrids betwe5 ! pheasant & ! f[l are1 = ! mo/ "p1 absolutely /]ile2 :5 !y d bre$1 x is n ) ea* o!r1 b ) ! /ock ( "o ( _! prog5itors2 & ! (fspr+ ( ^! ei!r fail or assimilate to "o or ! o!r orig9al type4 ,no half-br$ family is p]petuat$1 no new bre$ creat$1 by human or volucr9e ag5cy4 ,! ,pheasant ,malays are l>ge1 well-flavor$1 good sitt]s1 good lay]s1 good mo!rs1 &1 9 _m po9ts1 an ornam5tal & desirable /ock4 ,"s object to !m z be+ a trifle too long 9 _! make2 b !y h a heal?y look ( n be+ ov]-br$1 :i* is a recomm5dation to ^? :o re> = pr(it z well z pleasure4 ,! eggs v>y 9 size2 "s are v l>ge 9 summ]1 smoo?1 b n poli%$1 sometimes t+$ ) light buff1 balloon-%ap$1 & )\t ! zone ( irregul>ity4 ,! *ick5s1 :5 fir/ hat*$1 are all v mu* alike2 yell[1 ) a black m>k all d[n ! back4 ,! cock has a black tail1 ) black on ! neck & w+s4 ,,! ,,plym\? ,,rock4 ,?is "n has be5 giv5 to a v good bre$ ( f[ls1 produc$ by cross+ a ,*9a cock ) a h51 a cross betwe5 ! ,fawn-color$ ,dork+1 ! ,great ,malay1 & ! ,wild ,indian4 ,at a little ov] a ye> old1 ! cocks /& f ?irty-two to ?irty-five in*es high1 & weigh ab\t t5 p\nds2 & ! pullets f six & a half to sev5 p\nds ea*4 ,! latt] comm5ce lay+ :5 five mon?s old1 & prove !mselves v sup]ior lay]s4 ,_! eggs are ( a m$ium size1 ri*1 & r$di%-yell[ 9 color4 ,_! plumage is ri* & v>iegat$2 ! cocks usually r$ or speckl$1 & ! pullets d>ki% br[n4 ,!y h v f9e fle%1 & are fit = ! table at an e>ly age4 ,! legs are v l>ge1 & usually blue or gre51 b occasionally yell[ or :ite1 g5]ally hav+ five toes ^u ea* foot4 ,"s h _! legs fea!r$1 b ?is is n usual4 ,!y h l>ge & s+le combs & wattles1 l>ge *eeks1 r %ort tails1 & small w+s 9 proportion to _! bodies4 ,!y are dome/ic1 & n s de/ructive to g>d5s z small] f[ls4 ,!re is ! same uni=mity 9 size & g5]al appe>ance1 at ! same age ( ! *ick5s1 z 9 ^? ( ! pure bloods ( prim>y races4 ,,! ,,pol&4 ,! ,pol&1 or ,poli% f[l1 is q unkn[n 9 ! c\ntry :i* w\ld seem to h sugge/$ ! "n1 :i* orig9at$ f "s fanci$ resemblance betwe5 its tuft$ cre/ & ! squ>e-spread+ cr[n ( ! fea!r$ caps worn by ! ,poli% soldi]s4 ,! bre$ ( cre/$ f[ls is mu* e/eem$ by ! curi\s1 & is br$ ) great c>e4 ,^? desir\s ( propagat+ any s+ul> v>ieties1 sep>ate & conf9e ! individuals1 & d n suff] !m to m+le ) su* z h ! colors diff]5t4 ,! v>ieties are m e/eem$ 9 proportion to ! v>iety ( ! colors1 or ! contra/ ( ! tuft ) ! re/ ( ! plumage4 ,al?\gh ! diff]5ces ( plumage are ?us pres]v$ pretty con/ant1 !y seem to owe _! orig9 to ! same bre$1 & _c be reproduc$ pure )\t c>eful sup]9t5d5ce4 ,! cocks are mu* e/eem$ 9 ,egypt1 9 consequ5ce ( ! excell5ce ( _! fle%1 & are s common t !y are sold at a rem>kably *eap rate4 ,!y are equally abundant at ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope1 :]e _! legs are fea!r$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,pol& ,,f[ls4 ,! ,poli% are *iefly suit$ = keep+ 9 a small way1 & 9 a clean & grassy place4 ,!y are c]ta9ly n s fit = ! f>m-y>d1 z !y become bl9d$ & mis]able ) dirt4 ,c>e %\ld be ex]cis$ to procure !m g5u9e1 s9ce !re is no bre$ ( f[ls m disfigur$ by mongrelism ?an ?is4 ,!y w1 )\t any cross-bre$+1 occasionally produce :ite /ock t are v pretty1 & equally good = lay+4 ,if1 h[ev]1 an attempt is made to e/abli% a sep>ate bre$ ( !m1 !y become puny & weak4 ,x is1 !re=e1 bett] = ^? :o wi% = !m to dep5d ^u *ance2 e brood almo/ ( ! black produces "o :ite *ick51 z /rong & lively z ! re/4 ,^! f[ls are excell5t = ! table1 ! fle% be+ :ite1 t5d]1 & juicy2 b !y are q unsuitable = be+ re>$ 9 any numb]s1 or = g5]al purposes1 s9ce !y are s caprici\s 9 _! gr[?1 frequ5tly rema9+ /ation>y 9 ?is respect = a :ole mon?1 gett+ no l>g]2 & ?is1 too1 :5 !y are ab\t a qu>t] or half gr[n--! "t ( _! life :5 !y are mo/ liable to disease4 ,z avi>y birds1 !y are unrivall$ among f[ls4 ,_! plumage (t5 requires a close inspection to appreciate its elaborate beauty2 ! conf9em5t & frett+ seem n uncong5ial to _! heal?2 & _! plumage improves 9 attractiv5ess ) almo/ e mon?4 ,! great m]it1 h[ev]1 ( all ! ,poli% f[ls is1 t = ?ree or f\r ye>s !y cont9ue to gr[ & ga9 9 size1 h>d9ess1 & beauty--! male birds especially4 ,?is fact c]ta9ly po9ts out a v wide deviation 9 con/itution f ^? f[ls :i* atta9 _! full /ature & p]fect plumage 9 twelve or fifte5 mon?s4 ,! simil>ity ( color+ 9 ! two sexes--almo/ a specific di/9ction ( ,poli% & p]haps ,spani% f[ls--also sep>ates !m f ^? bre$s1 l ! ,game1 9 :i* ! cocks & h5s are rem>kably dissimil>4 ,_! edible qualities are z sup]ior1 comp>$ ) o!r f[ls1 z _! outw>d app>el surpasses 9 elegance4 ,!y h also ! reputation ( be+ ev]la/+ lay]s1 :i* fur!r fits !m = keep+ 9 small enclosures2 b1 9 ?is respect1 individual exceptions are (t5 enc\nt]$--z 9 ! case ( ! ,hamburghs--h[ev] truly ! habit may be ascrib$ to ! race4 ,!re are f\r kn[n v>ieties ( ! ,poli% f[l1 "o ( :i* appe>s to be lo/ to ?is c\ntry4 ,,! ,,black ,,poli%4 ,?is v>iety is ( a uni=m black--bo? cock & h5--gloss$ ) metallic gre54 ,! head is ornam5t$ ) a h&some cre/ ( :ite fea!rs1 spr++ f a fle%y protub]ance1 & front$ m or less deeply ) black4 ,! comb is m]ely two or ?ree spikes1 & ! wattles are r small4 ,bo? male & female are ! same 9 color1 except t ! =m] has frequ5tly n>r[ /ripes ( :ite 9 ! wav+ fea!rs ( ! tail1 a sign1 x is said1 ( true bre$+4 ,! h5s1 also1 h two or ?ree fea!rs on ea* side ( ! tail1 t+$ 9 ! tip ) :ite4 ,!y d n lay q s e>ly 9 ! spr+ z "s v>ieties1 especially aft] a h>d w9t]2 b !y are exce$+ly good lay]s1 cont9u+ a long "t )\t want+ to sit1 & lay+ r l>ge1 v :ite1 sub-ovate eggs4 ,!y w1 h[ev]1 sit at l5g?1 & prove ( v div]se dispositions2 "s be+ excell5t sitt]s & nurses1 o!rs he$less & spiteful4 ,! *ick5s1 :5 fir/ hat*$1 are dull black1 ) :ite brea/s1 & :ite d[n on ! front ( ! head4 ,!y d n always gr[ & get out ( h>m's way s quickly z "s o!r sorts1 b are n p>ticul>ly t5d]4 ,9 re>+ a brood ( ^! f[ls1 "s ( ! h5s may be obs]v$ ) cre/s r\nd & symmetrical z a ball1 & o!rs 9 :i* ! fea!rs turn all ways1 & fall loosely ov] ! eyes2 & 9 ! cocks1 also1 "s h ! cre/ fall+ gracefully ov] ! back ( ! head1 & o!rs h ! fea!rs turn+ ab\t & /&+ on end4 ,^! %\ld be reject$1 ! *ief beauty ( ! k9d dep5d+ ^u su* little p>ticul>s4 ,"o h5 ( ?is v>iety laid j a hundr$ eggs1 _m ( !m on consecutive days1 be=e want+ to incubate2 & aft] re>+ a brood successfully1 %e laid tw5ty-five eggs be=e m\lt+ 9 autumn4 ,,! ,,gold5 ,,pol&s4 ,^! are sometimes call$ ,gold ,spangl$1 z _! plumage approa*es to t ( ! ,gold ,spangl$ ,hamburghs2 b _m ( ! f9e/ specim5s h ! fea!rs m]ely fr+$ ) a d>k] color1 & ! cocks1 m frequ5tly ?an ! h5s1 exhibit a spott$ or spangl$ appe>ance4 ,_m ( !m are disfigur$ by a muff or be>d2 z to :i* ! "q has be5 rais$ :e!r x is an orig9al app5dage to ^! birds or n4 ,a di/9ct race1 ( :i* ! muff is "o p]man5t *>act]i/ic1 is n at pres5t kn[n4 ,?is app5dage1 :5ev] introduc$ into ! p\ltry-y>d1 is n easily got rid (2 :i* has caus$ "s to suspect ei!r t ! orig9al ,poli% 7 be>dless1 or t !re 7 two anci5t races4 ,! ,gold5 ,pol&s1 :5 well-br$1 are exce$+ly h&some2 ! cock has gold5 hackles1 & gold & br[n fea!rs on ! back2 brea/ & w+s ri*ly spott$ ) o*re & d>k br[n2 tail d>k]2 l>ge gold5 & br[n cre/1 fall+ back ov] ! neck2 b little comb & wattles4 ,! h5 is ri*ly lac$ ) d>k-br[n or black on an o*re gr\nd2 d>k-spott$ cre/2 legs light-blue1 v cleanly made1 & display+ a small web betwe5 ! toes1 almo/ z proportionately l>ge z t 9 "s ( ! wad]s4 ,!y are good lay]s1 & produce fair-siz$ eggs4 ,_m ( !m make excell5t mo!rs1 al?\gh !y _c be induc$ to sit e>ly 9 ! season4 ,! *ick5s are r clumsy-look+ little creatures1 ( a d+y-br[n1 ) "s da%es ( o*re ab\t ! head1 brea/ & w+s4 ,!y are sometimes incl9$ to disease 9 ! fir/ week ( _! exi/5ce2 b1 if !y pass ?is successfully1 !y become tol]ably h>dy1 ?\gh liable to come to a pause :5 ab\t half-gr[n4 ,x may be not$ z a peculi>ity 9 ! temp] ( ?is bre$1 t1 if "o is caught1 or attack$ by any animal1 ! re/1 :e!r cocks or h5s1 w in/antly make a furi\s attack ^u ! aggressor1 & endeavor to effect ! rescue ( _! companion4 ,,! ,,silv] ,,pol&s4 ,^! are simil> to ! prec$+ 9 %ape & m>k+s1 except t :ite1 black1 & gray are ex*ang$ = o*re or yell[1 & v>i\s %ades ( br[n4 ,!y are ev5 m delicate 9 _! con/itution1 m liable to rema9 /ation>y at a c]ta9 po9t ( _! adolesc5ce1 &1 /ill m ?an ! o!r v>ieties1 require & w repay extra c>e & accommodation4 ,_! top-knots are1 p]haps1 n s l>ge1 z a g5]al ?+2 b !y reta9 ! same neat blui% legs & slightly-webb$ feet4 ,! h5s are mu* m ornam5tal ?an ! cocks2 ?\gh ! latt] are sure to attract notice4 ,!y may1 unque/ionably1 be rank$ among ! *oice/ ( f[ls1 :e!r _! beauty or _! r>ity is consid]$4 ,!y lay1 9 tol]able abundance1 eggs ( mod]ate size1 ,fr5*-:ite1 mu* po9t$ at "o end2 & :5 !y sit1 acquit !mselves respectably4 ,! newly-hat*$ *ick5s are v pretty2 gray1 ) black eyes1 light lead-color$ legs1 & a swell+ ( d[n on ! cr[n ( ! head1 indicative ( ! future top-knot1 :i* is exactly ! color ( a p[d]$ wig1 &1 inde$1 gives ! *ick5 ! appe>ance ( we>+ "o4 ,!re is no difficulty 9 re>+ !m = ! fir/ six weeks or two mon?s2 ! critical "t be+ ! int]val betwe5 t age & _! rea*+ ! fif? or six? mon?4 ,!y acquire _! peculi> di/9ctive features at a v e>ly age1 & are !n ! mo/ elegant little m9iature f[ls :i* c possibly be imag9$4 ,! di/9ction ( sex is n v manife/ till !y are ne>ly full-gr[n2 ! fir/ obs]vable indication be+ 9 ! tail4 ,t ( ! pullet is c>ri$ uprightly1 z x ought to be2 b 9 ! cock]el1 x rema9s depress$1 await+ ! gr[? ( ! sickle-fea!rs4 ,! top-knot ( ! cock]el incl9es to hang m backw>d ?an t ( ! pullets4 ,x is rem>kable t ! ,gold5 ,poli% cock produces z true ,silv] *ick5s1 & ^? /rong]1 ) ! ,silv] ,poli% h51 z ! ,silv] ,poli% cock w\ld br+4 ,! ,silv] ,pol&s h all ! habits ( _! gold5 companions1 ! ma9 diff]5ce be+ ! silv]y gr\nd in/ead ( ! gold54 ,?is v>iety w sometimes make its appe>ance ev5 if m]ely its ,gold5 k9d is br$1 precisely z ! ,black ,poli% n[ & !n produce "s pure ,:ite *ick5s t make v elegant birds4 ,,! ,,black-,,topp$ ,,:ite4 ,?is v>iety does n at pres5t exi/ among u2 & "s h ev5 que/ion$ :e!r x ev] did4 ,buffon m5tions !m z if extant 9 ,france 9 8 "t4 ,an attempt has be5 made to obta9 !m f ! prec$+1 by act+ on ! imag9ation ( ! p>5ts4 ,! exp]im5t fail$1 ?\gh simil> s*emes are said to h succe$$ ) animals2 x prov$1 h[ev]1 t x w n d to bre$ f ! ,:ite ,poli% z a sep>ate bre$4 ,be+ ,alb9os1 ! *ick5s come v weakly1 & few survive4 ,?is bre$ is n[ recov]able1 probably1 only by importation f ,asia4 ,,! ,,%anghae4 ,= all ! purposes ( a really good f[l--= beauty ( model1 good size1 & lay+ qualities--! ?or\gh-br$ ,%anghae is among ! be/1 & g5]ally ! mo/ pr(itable ( dome/ic birds4 ,! cock1 :5 full-gr[n1 /&s ab\t tw5ty-eight in*es high1 if he is a good specim52 ! female1 ab\t tw5ty-two or tw5ty-?ree in*es4 ,a l>ge comb or heavy wattles are r>ely se5 on ! h5 at any age2 b ! comb ( ! male is high1 deeply ind5t$1 & 8 wattles d\ble & l>ge4 ,! comb & wattles are n1 h[ev]1 to be reg>d$ z ! *ief *>act]i/ics ( ?is v>iety1 nor ev5 its r$di%-yell[ fea!r$ leg2 b ! abundant1 s(t1 & d[ny cov]+ ( ! ?ighs1 hips1 & region ( ! v5t1 toge!r ) ! rem>kably %ort tail1 & l>ge m\nd ( fea!rs pil$ ov] ! upp] "p ( its root1 giv+ rise to a consid]able elevation on t "p ( ! rump4 ,x %\ld be rem>k$1 also1 t ! w+s are q %ort & small 9 proportion to ! size ( ! f[l1 & c>ri$ v high up ! body1 ?us expos+ ! :ole ( ! ?ighs1 & a consid]able portion ( ! side4 ,illu/ration3 ,,%anghaes4 ,^! *>act]i/ics are n f\nd1 9 ! same degree1 9 any o!r f[l4 ,! peculi> arrangem5t ( fea!rs gives ! ,%anghae 9 appe>ance1 :at x has 9 reality--a great] dep? ( qu>t]1 9 proportion to ! brisket1 ?an any o!r f[l4 ,z to ! legs1 !y are n v peculi>4 ,! color is usually r$di%-:ite1 or fle%-color1 or r$di%-yell[1 mo/ly cov]$ d[n ! outside1 ev5 to ! end ( ! toes1 ) fea!rs4 ,?is la/1 h[ev]1 is n always ! case4 ,! plumage ( ! ?or\gh-br$ is rem>kably s(t & silky1 or r d[ny2 & is1 9 ! op9ion ( _m1 equally z good = dome/ic purposes z t ( ! goose4 ,! fea!rs are c]ta9ly q z f9e & s(t1 if n z abundant4 ,9 lay+ qualities1 ! pure ,%anghae equals1 if x does n excel1 any o!r f[l4 ,! ,black ,pol&1 or ! ,bolton ,gray1 may1 p]haps1 lay a few m eggs 9 ! c\rse ( a ye>1 9 consequ5ce ( n s frequ5tly incl9+ to sit2 b _! eggs are n s ri* & nutriti\s4 ,a pullet ( ?is bre$ laid "o hundr$ & tw5ty eggs 9 "o hundr$ & tw5ty-five days1 !n /opp$ six days1 !n laid sixte5 eggs m1 /opp$ f\r days1 & aga9 cont9u$ h] lay+4 ,! eggs are g5]ally ( a pale yell[1 or nanke5 color1 n rem>kably l>ge1 comp>$ ) ! size ( ! f[l1 & g5]ally blunt at ! ends4 ,! comb is commonly s+le1 ?\gh1 9 "s specim5s1 !re is a slight t5d5cy to rose4 ,! fle% ( ?is f[l is t5d]1 juicy1 & unexceptionable 9 e respect4 ,tak+ into consid]ation ! goodly size ( ! ,%anghae--weigh+1 z ! males d1 at maturity1 f t5 to twelve p\nds1 & ! females f sev5 & a half to eight & a half1 & ! males & females ( six mon?s1 eight & six p\nds respectively--! economical uses to :i* its s(t1 d[ny fea!rs may be appli$1 its productiv5ess1 h>d9ess1 & its quiet & docile temp]1 ?is v>iety mu/ occupy1 & des]v$ly s1 a high rank among our dome/ic f[ls2 & ! m x is kn[n1 ! bett] w x be appreciat$4 ,,! ,,:ite ,,%anghae4 ,?is v>iety is entirely :ite1 ) ! legs usually fea!r$1 & diff] 9 no mat]ial respect f ! r$1 yell[1 & ,dom9ique1 except 9 color4 ,! legs are yell[i%1 or r$di%-yell[1 & sometimes ( fle%-color4 ,_m pref] !m to all o!rs4 ,! eggs are ( a nanke51 or dull yell[ color1 & blunt at bo? ends4 ,illu/ration3 ,,:ite ,,%anghaes4 ,x is claim$ by ! fri5ds ( ?is v>iety t !y are l>g] & m quiet ?an o!r v>ieties1 t _! fle% is mu* sup]ior1 _! eggs l>g]1 & ! h5s m pr(itable4 ,be+ m quiet 9 _! habits1 & less incl9$ to ramble1 ! h5s are invaluable z incubators & nurses2 & ! mildness ( _! disposition makes !m excell5t fo/]-mo!rs1 z !y nev] injure ! *ick5s belong+ to o!r h5s4 ,^! f[ls w rank among ! l>ge/ com+ f ,*9a1 & are v ?rifty 9 our climate4 ,a cock ( ?is v>iety atta9$ a weight ( eight p\nds1 at ab\t ! age ( eight mon?s1 & ! pullets ( ! same brood 7 proportionably l>ge4 ,!y are broad on ! back & brea/1 ) a body well r\nd$ up2 ! plumage :ite1 ) a d[ny s(tness--9 ! latt] respect mu* l ! fea!r+ ( ! ,brem5 goose2 ! tail-fea!rs %ort & full2 ! head small1 surm\nt$ by a small1 s+le1 s]rat$ comb2 wattles long & wide1 ov]lay+ ! *eek-piece1 :i* is also l>ge1 & ext5ds back on ! neck2 & ! legs ( a yell[ hue1 approa*+ a fle%-color1 & fea!r$ to ! ends ( ! toes4 ,,! ,,silv] ,,pheasant4 ,?is v>iety ( f[ls is rem>kable = great brilliancy ( plumage & div]sity ( colors4 ,on a :ite gr\nd1 :i* is usually t]m$ silv]y1 !re is an abundance ( black spots4 ,! fea!rs on ! upp] "p ( ! head are mu* long] ?an ! re/1 & unite toge!r 9 a tuft4 ,!y h a small1 d\ble comb1 & _! wattles are also comp>atively small4 ,a rem>kable peculi>ity ( ! cock is1 t !re is a spot ( a blue color on ! *eeks1 & a range ( fea!rs "u ! ?roat1 :i* has ! appe>ance ( a coll>4 ,! h5 is a small] bird1 ) plumage simil> to t ( ! cock1 & at a little di/ance seems to be cov]$ ) scales4 ,on ! head is a top-knot ( v l>ge size1 :i* droops ov] x on e side4 ,! ,silv] ,pheasants are beautiful & %[y birds1 & *iefly valuable z ornam5tal app5dages to ! p\ltry-y>d4 ,,! ,,spani%4 ,illu/ration3 ,,spani% ,,f[ls4 ,?is "n is said to be a misnom]1 z ! bre$ 9 "q 0 orig9ally br\ght by ! ,spani>ds f ! ,we/ ,indies2 &1 al?\gh subsequ5tly propagat$ 9 ,spa91 x has = "s "t be5 v difficult to procure good specim5s f t c\ntry4 ,f ,spa91 !y 7 tak5 9 consid]able numb]s into ,holl&1 :]e !y h be5 c>efully br$1 = _m ye>s2 & x is f t qu>t] t our be/ f[ls ( ?is v>iety come4 ,! ,spani% is a noble race ( f[ls1 possess+ _m m]its2 ( spirit$ & animat$ appe>ance2 ( consid]able size2 excell5t = ! table1 bo? 9 :it5ess ( fle% & sk91 & also 9 flavor2 & lay+ exce$+ly l>ge eggs 9 consid]able numb]s4 ,among birds ( its own bre$ x is n defici5t 9 c\rage2 ?\gh x yields1 )\t %[+ mu* fight1 to ^? :i* h a da% ( game blood 9 _! ve9s4 ,x is a g5]al favorite 9 all l>ge cities1 = ! additional advantage t no soil ( smoke or dirt is app>5t on its plumage4 ,! ?or\gh-br$ birds %\ld be entirely black1 z f> z fea!rs are conc]n$2 & :5 9 high condition1 display a gre5i%1 metallic lu/re4 ,! combs ( bo? cock & h5 are exce$+ly l>ge1 ( a vivid & mo/ brilliant sc>let2 t ( ! h5 droops ov] ^u "o side4 ,_! mo/ s+ul> feature is a l>ge1 :ite pat*1 or e>-hole1 on ! *eek--9 "s specim5s ext5d+ ov] a great "p ( ! face--( a fle%y sub/ance1 simil> to ! wattle2 x is small 9 ! female1 b l>ge & v conspicu\s 9 ! male4 ,?is m>k$ contra/ ( black1 bright r$1 & :ite1 makes ! bre$ ( ! ,spani% cock z h&some z t ( any v>iety :i* we h2 9 ! g5u9e bre$1 ! :ole =m is equally good4 ,spani% h5s are celebrat$ z good lay]s1 & produce v l>ge1 q :ite eggs1 ( a peculi> %ape1 be+ v ?ick at bo? ends1 & yet tap]+ (f a little at ea*4 ,!y are1 by no means1 good mo!rs ( families1 ev5 :5 !y d sit--:i* !y w n (t5 condesc5d to d--prov+ v c>eless1 & frequ5tly trampl+ half _! brood "u foot4 ,! inconv5i5ces ( ?is habit are1 h[ev]1 easily obviat$ by caus+ ! eggs to be hat*$ by "s m mo!rly h54 ,?is v>iety ( f[l has frequ5tly be5 kn[n to lose ne>ly all ! fea!rs 9 its body1 besides ! usual quantity on ! neck1 w+s1 & tail2 &1 if !y m\lt late1 & ! wea!r is sev]e1 !y feel x mu*4 ,?is mu/ (t5 happ5 9 ! case ( an ev]la/+ lay]2 = if ! sy/em ( a bird is exhau/$ by ! unremitt+ production ( eggs1 x _c conta9 )9 itself ! mat]ial = supply+ ! gr[? ( fea!rs4 ,!y h n1 ev5 yet1 become acclimat$ 9 ?is c\ntry1 s9ce cont9u$ fro/ at any "t is productive ( mu* injury to _! combs2 frequ5tly caus+ mortification 9 ! end1 :i* at times t]m9ates 9 dea?4 ,a w>m p\ltry-h\se1 high fe$+1 & c>e t !y d n rema9 too long expos$ to sev]e wea!r1 are ! be/ means ( prev5t+ ?is disfigurem5t4 ,"s birds are occasionally produc$1 h&somely /reak$ ) r$ on ! hackle & back4 ,?is is no pro( ( bad bre$+1 if o!r po9ts are "r4 ,! *ick5s are l>ge1 z w\ld be expect$ f su* eggs1 entirely %9+ black1 except a p9a=e ( :ite on ! brea/--9 :i* respect !y are precisely l ! ,black ,poli% *ick5s--& a slight spr9kl+ "u ! *91 ) sometimes also a little :ite r\nd ! back & eyes2 _! legs & feet are black4 ,_m ( !m d n get p]fectly fea!r$ till !y are ?ree-f\r?s gr[n2 &1 !re=e1 to h ?is v>iety come to p]fection 9 a c\ntry :]e ! summ]s are mu* %ort] ?an 9 _! native climate1 !y mu/ be hat*$ e>ly 9 spr+1 s t !y may be well cov]$ ) plumage be=e ! cold ra9s ( autumn4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 a great lack ( uni=mity 9 ! "t :5 !y get _! plumage2 ! pullets are always e>li] & bett] fea!r$ ?an ! cock]els--! latt] be+ g5]ally half nak$ = a consid]able "t aft] be+ hat*$1 ?\gh "s fea!r tol]ably well at an e>ly age4 ,! ,black is n ! only valuable race ( ,spani% f[l2 !re is1 also1 ! ,gray1 or ,speckl$1 ( a slaty gray color1 ) :ite legs4 ,_! gr[? is s rapid1 & _! size1 ev5tually1 s l>ge1 t !y are rem>kably sl[ 9 obta9+ _! fea!rs4 ,al?\gh well cov]$ ) d[n :5 fir/ hat*$1 !y look almo/ nak$ :5 half-gr[n1 & %\ld1 !re=e1 be hat*$ z e>ly 9 spr+ z possible4 ,! cross betwe5 ! ,pheasant-,malay & ! ,spani% produces a p>ticul>ly h&some f[l4 ,z e>ly pullets1 = lay+ purposes 9 ! autumn & w9t] aft] !y are hat*$1 no f[ls c surpass ! ,spani%4 ,!y are believ$1 also1 to be m precoci\s 9 _! con/itution2 & consequ5tly to lay at an e>li] age ?an ! pullets ( o!r bre$s4 ,,! ,,natural ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,dome/ic ,,f[ls4 ,f[ls are class$ by mod]n naturali/s z foll[s3 ,,division4 ,v]tebrata--possess+ a back bone4 ,,class4 ,aves--birds4 ,,ord]4 ,rasores--scrap]s4 ,,family4 ,phasianidae--,pheasants4 ,,g5us4 ,gallus--! cock4 ,birds1 z well z quadrup$s1 may be divid$ into two great classes1 accord+ to _! food3 ! ,c>nivor\s & ! ,gram9ivor\s4 ,f[ls belong1 /rictly speak+1 to ! latt]4 ,9 ! /ructure ( ! dige/ive organs1 birds exhibit a great uni=mity4 ,! oesophagus1 :i* is (t5 v muscul>1 is dilat$ into a l>ge sac--call$ ! crop--at its entrance into ! brea/2 ?is is abundantly suppli$ ) gl&s1 & s]ves z a species ( fir/ /oma*1 9 :i* ! food receives a c]ta9 am\nt ( prep>ation be=e be+ submitt$ to ! action ( ! prop] dige/ive organs4 ,a little bel[ ! crop1 ! n>r[ oesophagus is aga9 slightly dilat$1 =m+ :at is call$ ! v5triculus succ5turiatus1 ! walls ( :i* are v ?ick1 & conta9 a great numb] ( gl&s1 :i* secrete ! ga/ric juice4 ,bel[ ?is1 ! inte/9al canal is enl>g$ into a ?ird /oma*1 ! gizz>d1 9 :i* ! process ( dige/ion is c>ri$ /ill f>!r4 ,9 ! gram9ivor\s birds1 ! walls ( ?is cavity are v ?ick & muscul>1 & clo!d int]nally ) a /rong1 horny epi!lium1 s]v+ = ! trituration ( ! food4 ,! inte/9e is r %ort1 b usually exhibits sev]al convolutions2 ! l>ge inte/9e is always furni%$ ) two corea4 ,x op5s by a semicircul> orifice into ! cloaca1 :i* also receives ! orifices ( ! ur9>y & g5]ative organs4 ,! liv] is ( l>ge size1 & usually furni%$ ) a gall-bladd]4 ,! pancreas is lodg$ 9 a k9d ( loop1 =m$ by ! small inte/9e imm$iately aft] quitt+ ! gizz>d4 ,!re are also l>ge saliv>y gl&s 9 ! neighborhood ( ! m\?1 :i* p\r _! secretion into t cavity4 ,! organs ( circulation & respiration 9 birds are adapt$ to _! peculi> mode ( life2 b are n sep>at$ f ! abdom9al cavity by a diaphragm1 z 9 ! mammalia4 ,! he>t consi/s ( f\r cavities di/9ctly sep>at$--two auricles & two v5tricles--s t ! v5\s & art]ial blood c nev] mix 9 t organ2 & ! :ole ( ! blood return$ f ! diff]5t p>ts ( ! body passes ?r\gh ! lungs be=e be+ aga9 driv5 into ! sy/emic art]ies4 ,! blood is receiv$ f ! ve9s ( ! body 9 ! "r auricle1 f :i* x passes ?r\gh a tabul> op5+ into ! "r v5tricle1 & is !nce driv5 into ! lungs4 ,f ^! organs x returns ?r\gh ! pulmon>y ve9s into ! left auricle1 & passes !nce into ! v5tricles ( ! same side1 by ! contraction ( :i* x is driv5 into ! aorta4 ,?is soon divides into two bran*es1 :i*1 by _! subdivision1 give rise to ! art]ies ( ! body4 ,! jaws1 or m&ibles1 are %ea!d 9 a horny case1 usually ( a conical =m1 on ! sides ( :i* are ! no/rils4 ,9 mo/ birds1 ! sides ( ?is %ea? or bill are smoo? & %>p2 b 9 "s !y are d5ticulat$ along ! m>g9s4 ,! two ant]ior memb]s ( ! body are ext5d$ into w+s4 ,! beak is us$ in/ead ( h&s2 & su* is ! flexibility ( ! v]tebral column1 t ! bird is able to t\* ) its beak e "p ( its body4 ,?is curi\s & important result is obta9$ *iefly by ! l5g!n$ v]tebrae ( ! neck1 :i*1 9 ! swan1 consi/s ( tw5ty-?ree bones1 & 9 ! dome/ic cock1 ?irte54 ,! v]tebrae ( ! back are sev5 to elev52 ! ribs nev] exce$ t5 on ea* side4 ,! clo?+ ( ! sk9 consi/s ( fea!rs1 :i* 9 _! nature & developm5t resemble hair1 b are ( a m complicat$ /ructure4 ,a p]fect fea!r consi/s ( ! %aft1 a c5tral /em1 :i* is tubul> at ! base1 :]e x is ins]t$ into ! sk91 & ! b>bs1 or fibres1 :i* =m ! webs on ea* side ( ! %aft4 ,! two pr9cipal modifications ( fea!rs are quills & plumes2 ! =m] conf9$ to ! w+s & tail1 ! latt] con/itut+ ! g5]al clo?+ ( ! body4 ,besides ! common fea!rs1 ! sk9 ( _m birds is cov]$ ) a ?ick coat+ ( d[n1 :i* consi/s ( a multitude ( small fea!rs ( peculi> con/ruction2 ea* ( ^! d[n fea!rs is compos$ ( a v small1 s(t tube imb$d$ 9 ! sk91 f ! int]ior ( :i* !re rises a small tuft ( s(t filam5ts1 )\t any c5tral %aft4 ,^! filam5ts are v sl5d]1 & be> on ea* side a s]ies ( /ill m delicate filam5ts1 :i* may be reg>d$ z analog\s to ! b>bules ( ! ord9>y fea!rs4 ,?is d[ny coat fulfils ! same (fice z ! s(t1 woolly fur ( _m quadrup$s2 ! ord9>y fea!rs be+ analog\s to ! long1 smoo? hair by :i* ! fur ( ^! animals is conceal$4 ,! sk9 also be>s _m hair-l app5dages1 :i* are usually scatt]$ sp>+ly ov] its surface2 !y rise f a bulb :i* is imb$d$ 9 ! sk91 & usually indicate _! relation to ! ord9>y fea!rs by ! pres5ce ( a few m9ute b>bs t[>d ! apex4 ,once or twice 9 ! c\rse ( a ye> ! :ole plumage ( ! bird is r5ew$1 ! ca/+ ( ! old fea!rs be+ call$ m\lt+4 ,! base ( ! quills is cov]$ by a s]ies ( l>ge fea!rs1 call$ ! w+ cov]ts2 & ! fea!rs ( ! tail are furni%$ ) num]\s muscles1 by :i* !y c be spread out & fold$ up l a fan4 ,9 ! aquatic birds--l ! goose1 ! duck1 & ! swan--! fea!rs are con/antly lubricat$ by an oily secretion1 :i* completely excludes ! wat]4 ,9 _! reproduction1 birds are /rictly ovip>\s4 ,! eggs are always enclos$ 9 a h>d %ell1 consi/+ ( calc>e\s matt]1 & birds almo/ inv>iably devote _! :ole att5tion1 dur+ ! bre$+ season1 to ! hat*+ ( _! eggs & ! developm5t ( _! (fspr+2 sitt+ con/antly ^u ! eggs to communicate to !m ! degree ( w>m? necess>y = ! evolution ( ! embryo1 & att5d+ to ! wants ( _! newly-hat*$ "y1 until ! latt] are 9 a condition to %ift = !mselves4 ,9 ! /ructure & developm5t ( ! egg !re is a great uni=mity2 b !re is a rem>kable diff]5ce 9 ! condition ( ! "y bird at ! mom5t ( hat*+4 ,9 ! class "u consid]ation1 ! "y are able to run ab\t f ! mom5t ( _! break+ ! egg-%ell2 & ! only c>e ( ! p>5ts is devot$ to protect+ _! (fspr+ f dang]1 & lead+ !m into ^? places :]e !y are likely to meet ) food4 ,! longevity ( birds is v>i\s1 &1 unlike ! case ( m5 & quadrup$s1 seems to be> little proportion to ! age at :i* !y acquire maturity4 ,a few mon?s1 or ev5 a few weeks1 suffice to br+ !m to _! p]fection ( /ature1 in/9cts1 & p[]s4 ,dome/ic f[ls live to ! age ( tw5ty ye>s2 geese1 fifty2 :ile swans exce$ a c5tury4 ,! ord] ,rasores includes ! num]\s species ( gall9ace\s birds1 & ! t]m is appli$ to !m f _! habit ( scrat*+ 9 ! gr\nd 9 se>* ( food4 ,!y are g5]ally m>k$ by a small head1 /\t legs1 plumage f9e1 ! males usually adorn$ ) magnific5t colors1 & ! tails (t5 develop$ 9 a mann] to r5d] ! appe>ance extremely elegant4 ,! w+s are usually %ort & weak1 & ! flight ( ! birds is nei!r p[]ful nor prolong$4 ,! corla ( ?is ord] are l>g] ?an 9 any o!r birds4 ,! species are f\nd 9 almo/ all p>ts ( ! _w1 f ! tropics to ! froz5 regions ( ! nor?2 b ! f9e/ & mo/ typical k9ds are inhabitants ( ! temp]ate & w>m] p>ts ( ,asia4 ,!y fe$ pr9cipally on se$s1 fruit1 & h]bage1 b also1 to a consid]able ext5t1 on insects1 worms1 & o!r small animals4 ,_! g5]al habitation is on ! gr\nd1 :]e !y run ) great cel]ity1 b _m ( !m roo/ on trees4 ,!y are mo/ly polygam\s 9 _! habits1 ! males be+ usually surr\nd$ by a consid]able troop ( females2 & to ^!1 ) a few exceptions1 ! :ole bus9ess ( incubation is g5]ally left4 ,! ne/ is always plac$ on ! gr\nd 9 "s %elt]$ situation1 & v little art is exhibit$ 9 its con/ruction2 inde$1 an elaborate ne/ is ! less necess>y1 z ! "y are able to run ab\t & fe$ almo/ z soon z !y h left ! egg2 & at night or on ! approa* ( dang]1 !y collect b5ea? ! w+s ( _! "m4 ,mo/ ( ^! species are e/eem$ = ! table1 & _m ( !m are among ! mo/ celebrat$ ( game birds4 ,! pheasant family1 ( ?is ord]1 includes ! mo/ beautiful ( ! rasorial birds2 inde$1 "s ( !m may1 p]haps1 be ju/ly reg>d$ z pre-em95t 9 ?is respect ov] all ! re/ ( _! class4 ,9 ^!1 ! bill is ( mod]ate size & compress$1 ) ! upp] m&ible ar*$ to ! tip1 :]e x ov]hangs ! l[] "o2 ! t>si are ( mod]ate l5g? & ?ickness1 usually arm$ ) "o or two spurs2 ! toes are mod]ate1 & ! h9d] "o %ort & elevat$2 ! w+s are r %ort & r\nd$1 & ! tail m or less elongat$ & broad1 b frequ5tly w$ge-%ap$ & po9t$4 ,! head is r>ely fea!r$ all ov]2 ! nak$ sk9 is sometimes conf9$ to a space ab\t ! eye1 b g5]ally occupies a great] portion ( ! surface1 occasionally cov]+ ! :ole head1 & ev5 a "p ( ! neck1 & frequ5tly =m+ combs & wattles ( v rem>kable =ms4 ,9 "s species1 ! cr[n is furni%$ ) a cre/ ( fea!rs4 ,! birds ( ?is family are1 = ! mo/ "p1 indig5\s to ! ,asiatic cont95t & isl&s1 f :i*1 h[ev]1 sev]al species h be5 introduc$ into o!r p>ts ( ! globe4 ,! ,gu9ea ,f[l ( ,africa1 & ! ,turkeys ( ,am]ica1 are almo/ ! only in/ances ( wild ,phasianid\s birds out ( ,asia4 ,"s species1 su* z ! ,dome/ic ,f[l1 ! ,peacock1 ! ,turkey1 & ! ,gu9ea ,f[l1 h be5 r$uc$ to a /ate ( complete dome/ication1 & are di/ribut$ pretty g5]ally ov] ! _w4 ,,! ,,gu9ea ,,f[l4 ,?is bird belongs to ! same division1 class1 ord]1 & family z ! ,dome/ic ,f[l2 b is assign$ by naturali/s to ! g5us ,numida1 or ,numidian4 ,x is indig5\s to ! tropical p>ts ( ,africa1 & 9 a wild /ate1 ,gu9ea ,f[ls live 9 flocks1 9 woods1 pref]r+ m>%y places1 & fe$ on insects1 worms1 & se$s2 !y roo/ on trees2 ! ne/ is made on ! gr\nd1 & usually conta9s z _m z tw5ty eggs4 ,!y h be5 propagat$ 9 ! ,isl& ( ,jamaica to su* an ext5t z to h become wild1 & are %ot l o!r game4 ,!y d mu* damage to ! crops1 & are !re=e de/roy$ by v>i\s means2 "o ( :i* is1 to get !m tipsy by /rew+ corn /eep$ 9 rum1 & mix$ ) ! intoxicat+ juice ( ! cassava1 ^u ! gr\nd2 ! birds dev\r ?is1 & are soon f\nd 9 a helpless /ate ( inebriety4 ,! ,gu9ea ,f[l1 to a c]ta9 degree1 unites ! *>act]i/ics ( ! pheasant & ! turkey2 hav+ ! delicate %ape ( ! "o1 & ! b>e head ( ! o!r4 ,!re are sev]al v>ieties3 ! ,:ite1 ! ,spott$1 ! ,madagasc>1 & ! ,cre/$4 ,! latt] is n s l>ge z ! common species2 ! head & neck are b>e1 ( a dull blue1 %ad$ ) r$1 &1 in/ead ( ! casque1 x has an ample cre/ ( hair-l1 disunit$ fea!rs1 ( a blui% black1 rea*+ z f> =w>d z ! no/rils1 b1 9 g5]al1 turn$ backw>d4 ,! :ole plumage1 except ! quills1 is ( a blui% black1 cov]$ ) small grayi% spots1 sometimes f\r1 sometimes six on ea* fea!r4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,gu9ea ,,f[l4 ,?is f[l is n a great favorite among _m keep]s ( p\ltry1 be+ s un=tunate z to h ga9$ a mu* worse reputation ?an x really des]ves1 f hav+ be5 occasionally guilty ( a few trifl+ faults4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 useful1 ornam5tal1 & int]e/+ dur+ its life2 &1 :5 dead1 a desirable addition to ! table1 at a "t :5 all o!r p\ltry is sc>ce4 ,! be/ way to comm5ce keep+ ,gu9eas is to procure a sitt+ ( eggs :i* c be dep5d$ ^u = fre%ness1 & if possible1 f a place :]e b a s+le pair is kept4 ,a ,bantam h5 is ! be/ "m2 %e is light]1 & less likely to injure !m by tread+ on !m ?an a full-siz$ f[l4 ,%e w cov] n9e eggs1 & incubation w la/ a mon?4 ,! "y are excessively pretty4 ,:5 fir/ hat*$1 !y are s /rong & active z to appe> n to require ! att5tion :i* is really necess>y to re> !m4 ,almo/ z soon z !y are dry f ! moi/ure ( ! egg1 !y w peck ea* o!r's toes1 z if suppos+ !m to be worms1 scramble ) ea* o!r = a crumb ( bread1 & dom9e] ov] any little ,bantam or *ick5 t may *ance to h be5 hat*$ at ! same "t ) !mselves4 ,no "o1 ignorant ( ! fact1 w\ld guess1 f _! appe>ance1 to :at species ( bird !y belong$2 _! orange-r$ bills & legs1 & ! d>k1 zebra-l /ripes ) :i* !y are regul>ly m>k$ f head to tail1 be> no traces ( ! speckl$ plumage ( _! p>5ts4 ,( all kn[n birds1 ! ,gu9ea f[l is1 p]haps1 ! mo/ prolific ( eggs4 ,week aft] week1 & mon? aft] mon?1 !re are v few int]missions1 if any1 ( ! daily deposit4 ,ev5 ! process ( m\lt+ is sometimes insuffici5t to draw (f ! nutrim5t :i* x takes to make fea!rs in/ead ( eggs2 & ! poor ?+ w sometimes g ab\t half-nak$ 9 ! *illy autumn mon?s1 unable to refra9 f its diurnal visit to ! ne/1 & consequ5tly unable to furni% itself ) a new out] g>m5t4 ,! body ( ! ,gu9ea h5 may be reg>d$1 9 fact1 z a mo/ admirable ma*9e = produc+ eggs out ( insects1 gra91 & vegetables1 g>bage1 or :atev] mat]ial an omnivor\s creature c appropriate4 ,its normal plumage is s+ul>ly beautiful1 be+ spangl$ ov] ) an inf9ity ( :ite spots on a black gr\nd1 %ad$ ) gray & br[n4 ,! spots v>y f ! size ( a pea to extreme m9ut5ess4 ,! black & :ite occasionally *ange places1 caus+ ! bird to appe> cov]$ ) a net ( lace4 ,! :ite v>iety is n uncommon1 & is said to be equally h>dy & pr(itable ) ! usual k9d2 b ! peculi> beauty ( ! orig9al plumage is1 c]ta9ly1 all ex*ang$ = a dress ( n ! pure/ :ite4 ,x is d\btful h[ long ei!r ?is or ! =m] v>iety w\ld rema9 p]man5t2 ?\gh1 probably1 b = a few g5]ations4 ,pi$ birds blot*$ ) pat*es ( :ite1 are frequ5t1 b are n comp>able1 9 po9t ( beauty1 ) ^? ( ! orig9al wild color4 ,,! ,,pea ,,f[l4 ,?is bird is assign$ to ! g5us p>o1 or peacock--! division1 class1 or sex1 & family1 be+ ! same z ! prec$+4 ,! male ( ?is species is not$ = its long1 lu/r\s tail1 :i* x occasionally spreads1 glitt]+ ) hundr$s ( jewel-l eye-spots1 produc+ an unrivall$ effect ( grace & beauty4 ,! =m ( ! bird is also exce$+ly elegant1 & ! g5]al plumage ( ! body exhibits ri* metallic t9ts2 t ( ! neck1 p>ticul>ly1 be+ ( a f9e deep blue1 t+$ ) gold5 gre54 ,! female1 h[ev]1 is ( a mu* m sob] hue1 h] :ole plumage be+ usually ( a br[ni% color4 ,! voice ( ! peacock is by no means suitable to ! beauty ( its ext]nal appe>ance1 consi/+ ( a h>%1 disagreeable cry1 n unlike ! ^w paon1 :i* is ! ,fr5* "n ( ! bird4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,pea ,,f[l4 ,al?\gh naturaliz$ z a dome/ic bird 9 ,europe & ,am]ica1 ! pea f[l is a native ( ,india1 :]e x is /ill f\nd abundantly 9 a wild /ate2 & ! wild specim5s are said to be m brilliant ?an ^? br$ 9 captivity4 ,! date ( its introduction into ,engl& is n kn[n2 b ! fir/ peacocks appe> to h be5 br\ght into ,europe by ,alex&] ! ,great1 al?\gh ^! birds 7 among ! articles import$ into ,judea by ! fleets ( ,solomon4 ,!y rea*$ ,rome t[>d ! end ( ! republic1 & _! co/l9ess soon caus$ !m to be reg>d$ z "o ( ! greate/ luxuries ( ! table1 ?\gh ! mod]ns f9d !m dry & lea!ry4 ,?is1 p]haps1 z mu* z ! desire ( o/5tation1 may h induc$ ! extravagance ( ,vitellius & ,heliogabulus1 :o introduc$ di%es compos$ only ( ! bra9s & tongues ( peacocks at _! fea/s4 ,9 ,europe1 dur+ ! middle ages1 ! peacock 0 /ill a favorite article 9 ! bill ( f>e ( gr& ent]ta9m5ts1 at :i* x 0 s]v$ ) ! greate/ pomp & magnific5ce4 ,& dur+ ! p]iod ( *ivalry1 x 0 usual = knights to make v[s ( ent]prise on ^! occasions1 be=e ! peacock & ! ladies4 ,at pres5t1 h[ev]1 ! bird is kept entirely on acc\nt ( ! beauty ( its appe>ance4 ,9 a /ate ( nature1 pea f[l frequ5t jungles & wood$ localities1 fe$+ ^u gra91 fruits1 & insects4 ,!y are polygam\s1 & ! females make _! ne/s ^u ! gr\nd among bu%es2 ! ne/ is compos$ ( grass1 & ! numb] ( eggs laid is said to be five or six4 ,!y roo/ 9 high trees1 &1 ev5 9 captivity1 _! incl9ation to get into an elevat$ position frequ5tly manife/s itself2 & !y may (t5 be se5 p]*$ ^u high walls1 or ^u ! ridges ( build+s4 ,! latt] *>act]i/ic is1 indirectly1 "o reason :y _m are dis9cl9$ to keep pea f[l 9 a dome/ic /ate4 ,_! decid$ det]m9ation s to roo/ prev5ts su* a control be+ ex]cis$ ov] !m z w\ld re/ra9 !m f mis*ief1 until an eye c\ld be kept on _! movem5ts2 &1 consequ5tly1 !y commit _m depr$ations ^u g>d5s1 /eal+ (f to _! "w ( plund] at ! fir/ dawn1 or at ! mo/ unexpect$ mom5ts4 ,_! cunn+ inde$ is su* t1 if frequ5tly driv5 away f ! g>d5 at any p>ticul> h\r ( ! day or ev5+1 !y w nev] be f\nd !re1 aft] a c]ta9 "t1 at t special h\r1 b w inv>iably make _! inroads at day-break4 ,_m h tri$1 z a la/ resort1 to eject !m ) e m>k ( scorn & insult1 su* z h>% words1 ! crack+ ( :ips1 & ! ?r[+ ( h>mless brooms2 b !y rema9 incorrigible m>aud]s1 indiff]5t to ?is disrespectful usage1 & c>eless ( sev]e rebuke4 ,a mansion1 !re=e1 :]e ! fruit & vegetable g>d5 is at a di/ance1 is almo/ ! only place :]e !y c be kept )\t daily vexation4 ,! injury !y d to fl[]s is comp>atively trifl+2 ?\gh1 l ! ,gu9ea-f[l1 !y are great eat]s ( buds1 cutt+ !m out cleanly f ! axillae ( leaves4 ,!y mu/ likewise h a du/+-hole1 :i* is l>ge & unsightly2 b ?is c be provid$ = !m 9 "s nook out ( ! way2 & by fe$+ & enc\ragem5t1 !y w soon be taught to dispose !mselves into a pleas+ spectacle1 at :atev] po9t ( view may be deem$ desirable4 ,no "o ) a v limit$ range %\ld attempt to keep !m at all1 unless conf9$ 9 an avi>y4 ,:]e !y c be kept at l>ge1 !y %\ld be collect$ 9 consid]able numb]s1 t _! dazzl+ effects may be z impressive z possible4 ,a wanton de/ructiv5ess t[>d ! "y ( o!r p\ltry is also *>g$ ^u !m4 ,relative to ?is1 h[ev]1 /atem5ts diff]2 "s cont5d+ t su* in/ances ( cruelty con/itute ! exceptions1 & n ! rule4 ,! h5 does n lay till h] ?ird summ]2 b %e !n seems to h an in/9ctive fe> ( h] mate1 manife/$ by ! secrecy ) :i* %e selects ! place = h] ne/2 nor1 if ! eggs are di/urb$1 w %e g !re aga94 ,%e lays f f\r or five to sev54 ,if ^! are tak51 %e w frequ5tly lay a second "t dur+ ! summ]2 & ! plan is recomm5d$ to ^? :o are anxi\s to increase _! /ock4 ,%e sits f tw5ty-sev5 to tw5ty-n9e days4 ,a common h5 w hat* & re> ! "y2 b ! same objection lies aga9/ h] p]=m+ t (fice1 except 9 v f9e1 long summ]s1 = ! pea f[l z = turkeys--t ! "y require to be brood$ long] ?an ! h5 is conv5i5tly able to d4 ,a turkey w prove a mu* bett] fo/]-"m 9 e respect4 ,! peah5 %\ld1 ( c\rse1 be p]mitt$ to take *>ge ( "o set ( eggs4 ,ev5 )\t su* assi/ance1 %e w be tol]ably successful4 ,! same wise provision ( ,nature notic$ 9 ! case ( ! ,gu9ea f[l is ev9c$ 9 a /ill great] degree 9 ! little pea *ick5s4 ,_! native jungle--tall1 d5se1 sometimes imp]vi\s1 sw>m+ ) reptile1 quadrup$1 & ev5 insect1 enemies--w\ld be a mo/ dang]\s habitation = a little t5d] ?+ t c\ld m]ely run & squall4 ,accord+ly1 !y escape f ! egg ) _! quill-fea!rs v highly develop$4 ,9 ?ree days1 !y w fly up1 & p]* ^u any ?+ ?ree feet high2 9 a =tnight1 !y w roo/ on trees1 or ! tops ( %$s2 & 9 a mon? or six weeks1 !y w rea* ! ridge ( a b>n1 if !re are any int]m$iate l[ /ables or o!r build+s to help !m to m\nt f "o to ! o!r4 ,!re are two v>ieties ( ! common pea f[l3 ! pi$ & ! :ite4 ,! fir/ has irregul> pat*es ( :ite ab\t x1 l ! pi$ ,gu9ea f[l1 & ! rema9d] ( ! plumage resembl+ ! orig9al sorts2 ! :ite h ! ocellat$ spots on ! tail fa9tly visible 9 c]ta9 lights4 ,^! la/ are t5d]1 & mu* priz$ by ^? :o pref] v>iety to real beauty4 ,!y are occasionally produc$ by birds ( ! common k9d1 9 cases :]e no int]c\rse ) o!r :ite birds c h tak5 place4 ,9 "o in/ance1 9 ! same brood1 ^: p>5ts 7 bo? ( ! usual colors1 !re 7 two ( ! common sort1 & "o :ite cock1 & "o :ite h54 ,,! ,,turkey4 ,,! ,,wild ,,turkey4 ,! turkey belongs to ! g5us meleagris1 &1 ?\gh n[ kn[n z a dome/ic f[l 9 mo/ civiliz$ c\ntries1 0 conf9$ to ,am]ica until aft] ! discov]y ( t c\ntry by ,columbus4 ,x 0 probably introduc$ into ,europe by ! ,spani>ds ab\t ! ye> #aecj4 ,x 0 f\nd 9 ! =e/s ( ,nor? ,am]ica1 :5 ! c\ntry 0 fir/ settl$1 f ! ,i/hmus ( ,d>i5 to ,canada1 be+ !n abundant ev5 9 ,new ,engl&2 at pres5t1 a few are f\nd 9 ! m\nta9s ( ,massa*usetts1 ,new ,york1 & ,new ,j]sey2 9 ! ,we/]n & ! ,s\?we/]n ,/ates !y are /ill num]\s1 ?\gh con/antly dim9i%+ be=e ! ext5d+ & increas+ settlem5ts4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,wild ,,turkey4 ,! wild male bird measures ab\t ?ree feet & a half1 or ne>ly f\r feet1 9 l5g?1 & almo/ six 9 expanse ( ! w+s1 & weighs f fifte5 to =ty p\nds4 ,! sk9 ( ! head is ( a blui% color1 z is also ! upp] "p ( ! neck1 & is m>k$ ) num]\s r$di%1 w>ty elevations1 ) a few black hairs scatt]$ "h & !re4 ,on ! "u "p ( ! neck1 ! sk9 hangs d[n loosely1 & =ms a sort ( wattle2 & f ! po9t :]e ! bill comm5ces1 & ! =ehead t]m9ates1 arises a fle%y protub]ance1 ) a small tuft ( hair at ! extremity1 :i* becomes greatly elongat$ :5 ! bird is excit$2 & at ! l[] "p ( ! neck is a tuft ( black hair1 eight or n9e in*es 9 l5g?4 ,! fea!rs are1 at ! base1 ( a bright dusky t+e1 succe$$ by a brilliant metallic b&1 :i* *anges1 accord+ to ! po9t :5ce ! light falls ^u x1 to bronze1 copp]1 violet1 or purple2 & ! tip is =m$ by a n>r[1 black1 velvety b&4 ,?is la/ m>k+ is abs5t f ! neck & brea/4 ,! color ( ! tail is br[n1 mottl$ ) black1 & cross$ ) num]\s l9es ( ! latt] color2 ne> ! tip is a broad1 black b&1 !n a %ort mottl$ portion1 & !n a broad b& ( d+y yell[4 ,! w+s are :ite1 b&$ closely ) black1 & %ad$ ) br[ni% yell[1 :i* deep5s 9 t9t t[>d ! back4 ,! head is v small1 9 proportion to ! size ( ! body2 ! legs & feet are /rongly made1 & furni%$ ) blunt spurs1 ab\t an in* long1 & ( a dusky r$di% color2 ! bill is r$di%1 & br[n-color$ at ! tip4 ,! female is less 9 size2 h] legs are de/itute ( spurs2 h] neck & head are less nak$1 be+ furni%$ ) %ort1 dirty1 gray fea!rs2 ! fea!rs on ! back ( ! neck h br[ni% tips1 produc+ on t "p a br[n1 longitud9al b&4 ,%e also1 frequ5tly1 b n inv>iably1 wants ! tuft ( fea!rs on ! brea/4 ,h] prevail+ color is a dusky gray1 ea* fea!r hav+ a metallic b&1 less brilliant ?an t ( ! cock1 !n a blacki% b&1 & a grayi% fr+e4 ,h] :ole color is1 z usual among birds1 dull] ?an t ( ! cock2 ! w+-fea!rs display ! :ite1 & h no b&s2 ! tail is simil>ly color$ to t ( ! cock4 ,:5 "y1 ! sexes are s mu* alike t x is n easy to disc]n ! diff]5ce betwe5 !m2 & ! cock acquires 8 beauty only by degrees1 8 plumage n arriv+ at p]fection until ! f\r? or fif? ye>4 ,! habits ( ^! birds 9 _! native wilds are exce$+ly curi\s4 ,! males1 call$ ,gobbl]s1 associate 9 p>ties ( f t5 to a hundr$1 & seek _! food ap>t f ! females1 :i* ei!r g ab\t s+ly ) _! "y1 at t "t ab\t two-?irds gr[n1 or =m troops ) o!r females & _! families1 sometimes to ! numb] ( sev5ty or eighty4 ,^! all avoid ! old males1 :o attack & de/roy ! "y1 :5ev] !y c1 by reit]at$ bl[s ^u ! skull4 ,b all p>ties travel 9 ! same direction1 & on foot1 unless ! dog or ! hunt] or a riv] on _! l9e ( m>* compels !m to take w+4 ,:5 ab\t to cross a riv]1 !y select ! highe/ em95ces1 t _! flight may be m sure1 & 9 su* positions !y sometimes /ay = a day or m1 z if 9 consultation4 ,! males ^u su* occasions gobble ob/rep]\sly1 /rutt+ ) extraord9>y importance1 z if to animate _! companions2 & ! females & ! "y assume mu* ( ! same pomp\s mann]1 & spread _! tails z !y move sil5tly ar\nd4 ,hav+ m\nt$1 at l5g?1 to ! tops ( ! highe/ trees1 ! assembl$ multitude1 at ! signal note ( _! lead]1 w+ _! way to ! opposite %ore4 ,! old & fat birds1 contr>y to :at might be expect$1 cross )\t difficulty1 ev5 :5 ! riv] is a mile 9 wid?2 b ! w+s ( ! "y & ! meagre1 &1 ( c\rse1 ^? ( ! weak1 frequ5tly fail !m be=e !y h complet$ _! passage1 :5 !y drop 91 & are =c$ to swim = _! lives1 :i* !y d clev]ly en\gh1 spread+ _! tails = a support1 clos+ _! w+s1 /ret*+ out _! necks1 & /rik+ out quickly & /rongly ) _! feet4 ,all1 h[ev]1 d n succe$ 9 su* attempts1 & ! weak] (t5 p]i%4 ,! wild turkeys fe$ on maize1 all sorts ( b]ries1 fruits1 grasses1 & beetles2 tadpoles1 "y frogs1 & liz>ds1 are occasionally f\nd 9 _! crops4 ,! pecan nut is a favorite food1 & s is ! acorn1 on :i* la/ !y fatt5 rapidly4 ,ab\t ! beg9n+ ( ,octob]1 :ile ! ma/ /ill hangs on ! trees1 !y ga!r toge!r 9 flocks1 direct+ _! c\rse to ! ri* bottom-l&s1 & are !n se5 9 great numb]s on ! ,ohio & ,mississippi4 ,?is is ! turkey-mon? ( ! ,indians4 ,:5 !y h arriv$ at ! l& ( abundance1 !y disp]se 9 small1 promiscu\s flocks ( bo? sexes & e age1 dev\r+ all ! ma/ z !y advance4 ,?us !y pass ! autumn & w9t]1 becom+ comp>atively famili> aft] _! j\rneys1 :5 !y v5ture ne> plantations & f>m-h\ses4 ,!y h ev5 be5 kn[n1 on su* occasions1 to ent] /ables & corn-cribs 9 que/ ( food4 ,numb]s are kill$ 9 ! w9t]1 & pres]v$ 9 a froz5 /ate = di/ant m>kets4 ,! beg9n+ ( ,m>* is ! pair+ season1 = a %ort "t previ\s to :i* ! females sep>ate f _! mates1 & %un !m1 ?\gh ! latt] p]t9aci\sly foll[ !m1 gobbl+ l\dly4 ,! sexes roo/ ap>t1 b at no great di/ance1 s t :5 ! female utt]s a call1 e male )9 he>+ responds1 roll+ note aft] note 9 ! mo/ rapid succession2 n z :5 spread+ ! tail & /rutt+ ne> ! h51 b 9 a voice resembl+ t ( ! tame turkey :5 he he>s any unusual or frequ5tly-repeat$ noise4 ,:]e ! turkeys are num]\s1 ! woods1 f "o end to ! o!r1 sometimes = hundr$s ( miles1 res\nd ) ?is rem>kable voice ( _! woo+1 utt]$ responsively f _! roo/+-places4 ,?is is cont9u$ = ab\t an h\r2 &1 on ! ris+ ( ! sun1 !y sil5tly desc5d f _! p]*es1 & ! males beg9 to /rut = ! purpose ( w9n+ ! admiration ( _! mates4 ,if ! call ( a female be giv5 f ! gr\nd1 ! males 9 ! vic9ity fly t[>d ! individual1 &1 :e!r !y p]ceive h] or n1 erect & spread _! tails1 ?r[ ! head backw>d1 & di/5d ! comb & wattles1 %\t pomp\sly1 & ru/le _! w+s & body-fea!rs1 at ! same mom5t eject+ a puff ( air f ! lungs4 ,:ile ?us occupi$1 !y occasionally halt to look out = ! female1 & !n resume _! /rutt+ & puff+1 mov+ ) z mu* rapidity z ! nature ( _! gait w admit4 ,dur+ ?is c]emoni\s approa*1 ! males (t5 enc\nt] ea* o!r1 & desp]ate battles ensue1 :5 ! conflict is only t]m9at$ by ! flight or dea? ( ! vanqui%$4 ,! usual fruits ( su* victories are reap$ by ! conqu]or1 :o is foll[$ by "o or m females1 t roo/ ne> him1 if n ^u ! same tree1 until !y beg9 to lay1 :5 _! habits are alt]$1 ) ! view ( sav+ _! eggs1 :i* ! male breaks1 if he c get at !m4 ,^! are usually f n9e to fifte5 9 numb]1 sometimes tw5ty1 :iti% & spott$ ) br[n1 l ^? ( ! dome/ic bird4 ,! ne/ consi/s ( a few dri$ leaves plac$ on ! gr\nd1 sometimes on a dry ridge1 sometimes on ! fall5 top ( a dead leafy tree1 "u a ?icket ( suma* or bri]s1 or by ! side ( a log4 ,:5ev] ! female leaves ! ne/1 %e cov]s x ) leaves1 s z to scre5 x f obs]vation4 ,%e is a v close sitt]1 & :5 %e has *os5 a spot w seldom leave x1 on acc\nt ( its be+ discov]$ by a human intrud]4 ,%\ld %e f9d "o ( h] eggs1 h[ev]1 suck$ by a snake1 or o!r enemy1 %e ab&ons ! ne/ =ev]4 ,:5 ! eggs are ne> hat*+1 %e w n =sake h] ne/ :ile life rema9s4 ,! females are p>ticul>ly att5tive to _! "y1 :i* are v s5sitive to ! effects ( damp2 & consequ5tly wild turkeys are always sc>ce aft] a ra9y season4 ,! fle% ( ! wild turkey is mu* sup]ior to t ( ! dome/ic bird2 yet ! fle% ( su* ( ! latt] z h be5 suff]$ to roam at l>ge 9 ! woods & 9 ! pla9s is1 9 no respect1 improv$ by ?is p>tially wild mode ( life4 ,,! ,,dome/ic ,,turkey4 ,! orig9 ( ! popul> "n1 turkey1 appe>s to be ! confusion at fir/ unacc\ntably subsi/+ relative to ! id5tity ( ! bird ) ! ,gu9ea f[l1 :i* 0 /ill sc>ce at ! "t ( ! introduction ( ! turkey4 ,"s1 h[ev]1 say t ! "n arose f ! pr\d & ,turki% /rut ( ! cock4 ,!re is a "q :e!r ! dome/ic turkey is actually a second & di/9ct species1 or m]ely a v>iety ( ! wild bird1 ow+ its div]sity ( aspect to circum/ances dep5d5t on locality1 & consequ5t *ange ( habit1 comb9$ ) diff]5ce ( climate & o!r important causes1 :i* are kn[n 9 ! case ( o!r animals to produce su* rem>kable effects4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,dome/ic ,,turkey4 ,! v>ieties ( ! dome/icat$ turkey are n v di/9ct2 & z to _! relative value1 x is1 p]haps1 difficult to give any decisive op9ion4 ,"s suppose t ! :ite turkey is ! mo/ robu/1 & mo/ easily fatt5$4 ,exp]i5ce has1 h[ev]1 %[n to ! contr>y4 ,! pure :ite are v elegant creatures2 & ?\gh v t5d] to re>1 are n s mu* s z ! :ite pea f[l4 ,mo/ birds1 wild z well z tame1 occasionally produce p]fectly :ite individuals1 ( m delicate con/itution ?an _! p>5ts4 ,! selection & pair+ ( su* h probably be5 ! means ( e/abli%+ & keep+ up ?is bre$4 ,) all c>e1 !y w n[ & !n produce speckl$ birds & s %[ a t5d5cy to return to ! normal plumage4 ,x is rem>kable t 9 specim5s :i* are1 9 o!r respects1 sn[-:ite1 ! tuft on ! brea/ rema9s coal-black1 appe>+1 9 ! h5s1 l a tail ( erm9e1 & s %[+ u a great ornam5t4 ,! head & c>uncles on ! neck ( ! male are1 :5 excit$1 ( ! same blue & sc>let hues4 ,! bird is truly beautiful1 ) its sn[y & trembl+ flakes ( plumage ?us reliev$ ) small portions ( black1 blue1 & sc>let4 ,!y h "o m]it--!y dress mo/ tempt+ly :ite = m>ket2 b !y are unsuit$ = mirey1 smokey1 or clayey situations1 & %[ & ?rive be/ :]e !y h a range ( clean1 %ort pa/ure1 on a light or *alky subsoil4 ,! bronze & copp]-color$ v>ieties are g5]ally und]siz$1 & are among ! mo/ difficult ( all to re>2 b _! fle% is1 c]ta9ly1 v delicate1 &1 p]haps1 m s ?an t ( o!r k9ds--a circum/ance1 h[ev]1 t may p>tly result f _! f> great] delicacy ( con/itution1 & ! consequ5t extra tr\ble devot$ to _! managem5t4 ,! br[n & a%y-gray are n p>ticul>ly rem>kable2 b ! black are decid$ly sup]ior1 9 e respect1 n only z reg>ds great] h>d9ess1 & a consequ5t great] facility ( re>+1 b z acquir+ fle% m readily1 & t1 too1 ( ! v be/ & prime/ quality4 ,^? ( ?is color appe> also to be f> less remov$ ?an ! o!rs f ! orig9al wild /ock4 ,=tunately1 ! black seems to be ! favorite color ( ,nature2 & black turkeys are produc$ f> m abundantly ?an ^? ( any o!r hue4 ,! turkey is a mo/ pr(itable bird1 s9ce x c almo/ :olly provide = itself ab\t ! roads2 snails1 slugs1 & worms are among ! numb] ( its da9ties1 & ! ne>e/ /ream s]ves to slake its ?ir/4 ,to ! f>m]1 h[ev]1 x is (t5 a p]fect nuisance1 f its love ( gra92 & %\ld1 !re=e1 be kept 9 ! y>d until all corn is too /rong 9 ! root to pres5t any temptation4 ,not)/&+ ! sep>ation :i*1 ) ! exception ( c]ta9 seasons1 subsi/s betwe5 ! cock & h5 turkey 9 a wild /ate1 !y h be5 taught to fe$ & live amiably toge!r 9 a /ate ( dome/icity4 ,! =m]1 h[ev]1 reta9s suffici5t ( 8 h]$it>y prop5sities to give an occasional sly bl[ to a fr[>d *ick51 b t v seldom ( a s]i\s or malici\s "*4 ,"o reason :y ! turkeys se5 9 p\ltry-y>ds d n vie 9 spl5dor ( plumage ) _! untam$ bre?r5 is1 t !y are n all[$ to live long en\gh4 ,= ! same cause1 ! ?or\gh developm5t ( _! temp] & disposition is seldom witness$4 ,x does n atta9 its full gr[? till its fif? or six? ye>1 yet x is kill$ at late/ 9 ! second1 to ! evid5t det]ioration ( ! /ock4 ,if "s ( ! be/ bre$s 7 reta9$ to _! really adult /ate1 & well f$ mean:ile1 !y w\ld q recomp5se _! keep] by _! beauty 9 full plumage1 _! glanc+ hues ( gild$ gre5 & purple1 _! lovely %ades ( bronze1 br[n1 & black1 & ! pe>ly lu/re t radiates f _! poli%$ fea!rs4 ,,! ,,duck4 ,?is bird is ( ! ord] ( natatores1 or swimm]s2 family1 anatidae1 ( ! duck k9d2 g5us1 anas1 or duck4 ,! mo/ /rik+ "* ( ! swimm+ bird is d]iv$ f ! /ructure ( ! feet1 :i* are always palmate--t is1 furni%$ ) webs betwe5 ! toes4 ,!re are always ?ree toes direct$ =w>d1 & ^! are usually unit$ by a membrane to _! extremities2 b1 9 "s cases1 ! membrane is deeply cleft1 & ! toes are occasionally q free1 & furni%$ ) a di/9ct web on ea* side4 ,! f\r? toe is g5]ally b little develop$1 & (t5 entirely want+2 :5 pres5t1 x is usually direct$ backw>d1 & ! membrane is sometimes cont9u$ to x along ! side ( ! feet4 ,^! webb$ feet are ! pr9cipal ag5ts by :i* ! birds propel !mselves ?r\gh ! wat]1 ^u ! surface ( :i* mo/ ( !m pass a great portion ( _! "t4 ,! feet are g5]ally plac$ v f> back1 a position :i* is exce$+ly favorable to _! action 9 swimm+1 b :i* r5d]s _! progression on ! l& some:at awkw>d4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,eid] ,,duck4 ,! body is g5]ally /\t & heavy1 & cov]$ ) a v ?ick1 close1 d[ny plumage1 :i* ! bird keeps con/antly ano9t$ ) ! greasy secretions ( ! caudal gl&1 s t x is completely wat]-pro(4 ,! w+s exhibit a great v>iety 9 _! developm5t2 9 "s species be+ m]ely rudim5t>y1 de/itute ( quills1 & cov]$ ) a scaly sk9--9 o!rs1 be+ ( va/ size & p[]1 & ! birds pass+ a great "p ( _! lives 9 ! air4 ,! =m ( ! bill is also v rem>kable2 9 "s1 broad & flat2 9 o!rs1 deep & compress$2 & 9 o!rs1 long & sl5d]4 ,mo/ ( ^! birds live 9 societies1 :i* are (t5 exce$+ly num]\s1 inhabit+ high nor!rn & s\!rn latitudes4 ,! di/+ui%+ *>act]i/ic ( ! family ( ! anatidae is ! bill1 :i* is usually ( a flatt5$ =m1 cov]$ ) a s(t sk91 & furni%$ at ! edges ) a s]ies ( lamellae1 :i* s]ve to sift or /ra9 ! mud 9 :i* !y g5]ally seek _! food4 ,! feet are furni%$ ) f\r toes1 ?ree ( :i* are direct$ =w>d1 & unit$ by a web2 ! f\r? is direct$ backw>d1 usually ( small size1 & q free4 ,!y are admirable swimm]s1 & live & move on ! wat] ) ! utmo/ security1 ease1 & grace4 ,su* is _! adaptation to ?is elem5t t ! "y1 imm$iately aft] be+ hat*$1 w run to x1 & fe>lessly laun* !mselves ^u its bosom1 r[+ !mselves along ) _! webb$ feet1 )\t a s+le lesson1 & yet z dext]\sly z ! mo/ exp]i5c$ boatman4 ,!y are g5]ally inhabitants ( ! fre% wat]s1 & = ! mo/ "p1 pref] ponds & %all[ lakes1 9 :i* !y c inve/igate ! bottom ) _! peculi> bills1 )\t actually div+ b5ea? ! surface2 yet at "s seasons !y are f\nd along ! bord]s ( ! sea4 ,_! food g5]ally consi/s ( worms1 mollusca1 & aquatic insects1 :i* !y sep>ate f ! mud by ! ag5cy ( ! lamellae at ! m>g9 ( ! bill2 b mo/ ( !m also fe$ ^u se$s1 fruits1 & o!r vegetable sub/ances4 ,,! ,,wild ,,duck4 ,?is bird1 kn[n also by ! "n ( mall>d1 is ! orig9al ( all ! dome/ic v>ieties4 ,x is tw5ty-f\r in*es long1 & m>k$ ) gre51 *e/nut & :ite4 ,wild ducks are greg>i\s 9 _! habits1 & g5]ally migrate 9 l>ge flocks4 ,! males are l>g] ?an ! females1 & ! latt] are also usually ( a m uni=m & sob] t9t4 ,x is an inhabitant ( all ! c\ntries ( ,europe1 especially t[>d ! nor?1 & is also abundant 9 ,nor? ,am]ica1 :]e x is migratory1 pass+ to ! ,nor? 9 ,spr+1 & return+ to ! ,s\? 9 autumn4 ,x frequ5ts ! lakes ( ! int]ior1 z well z ! sea-coa/s4 ,x is pl5tiful 9 ,great ,brita9 at all seasons1 m]ely quitt+ ! m expos$ situations at ! approa* ( w9t]1 & tak+ %elt] 9 ! valleys2 or1 9 case ( a sev]e w9t]1 visit+ ! e/u>ies4 ,illu/ration3 ,,wild ,,duck4 ,!y m\lt twice 9 ! ye>1 9 ,june & ,novemb]2 9 ,june1 ! males acquire ! female plumage to a c]ta9 ext5t1 b rega9 _! prop] dress at ! second m\lt1 & reta9 x dur+ ! bre$+ season4 ,9 a wild /ate1 ! mall>d always pairs1 &1 dur+ ! p]iod ( incubation1 ! male1 al?\gh tak+ no "p 9 ! process1 always keeps 9 ! neighborhood ( ! female2 & x is s+ul> t half-br$ birds betwe5 ! wild & tame v>ieties always exhibit ! same habits1 al?\gh ! ord9>y dome/ic drakes are polygam\s1 always endeavor+ to get z _m wives z !y c4 ,! ne/ is usually plac$ ^u ! gr\nd among re$s & l$ges ne> ! wat]2 sometimes 9 holes or holl[ trees1 b r>ely among ! bran*es4 ,! eggs v>y f ab\t eight to f\rte5 9 numb]1 & ! "y are active f ! mom5t ( _! exclusion1 & soon take to ! wat]1 :]e !y are z mu* at home z ! old birds4 ,z ! fle% ( wild ducks is greatly valu$1 imm5se numb]s are %ot1 or tak5 9 o!r ways4 ,9 ,engl&1 l>ge numb]s are captur$ by decoys1 consi/+ ( a piece ( wat] situat$ 9 ! mid/ ( a quiet plantation1 f :i* six semicircul> canals are cut1 :i* are ro($ ov] ) hoops1 & cov]$ 9 ) nett+4 ,into ?is va/ trap ! ducks are entic$ by "y ducks tra9$ = ! purpose4 ,,! ,,dome/ic ,,duck4 ,! duck %\ld always f9d a place 9 ! p\ltry-y>d1 provid$ t x c h access to wat]1 ev5 a small supply ( :i* w suffice4 ,!y h be5 kept ) success1 & ! ord9>y duck fatt5$ to ! weight ( eight p\nds1 ) no fur!r supply ( wat] ?an t af=d$ by a l>ge pool sunk 9 ! gr\nd4 ,9 a g>d51 ducks w d good s]vice1 voraci\sly consum+ slops1 frogs1 & insects--no?+1 inde$1 com+ amiss to !m2 n be+ scrat*]s1 !y d n1 l o!r p\ltry1 commit su* a degree ( mis*ief1 9 return1 z to p>tially c\nt]balance _! usefulness4 ,a drake & two or ?ree ducks co/ little to ma9ta92 & ! only tr\ble !y w give is1 t if !re is mu* ext5t ( wat] or %rubb]y ab\t _! home1 !y w lay & sit abroad1 unless !y are br\ght up e night1 :i* %\ld be done4 ,!y w o!rwise drop _! eggs c>elessly "h & !re1 or incubate 9 places :]e _! eggs w be suck$ by cr[s1 & half _! prog5y de/roy$ by rats4 ,illu/ration3 ,,r\5 ,,duck4 ,! duck is v prolific1 & its egg is v mu* reli%$ by "s1 hav+ a ri* piquancy ( flavor1 :i* gives x a decid$ sup]iority ov] ! egg ( ! dome/ic f[l2 & ^! qualities r5d] x mu* 9 reque/ ) ! pa/ry-cook & confection]--?ree duck's eggs be+ equal 9 cul9>y value to six h5's eggs4 ,! duck does n lay dur+ ! day1 b g5]ally 9 ! night2 exceptions1 regulat$ by circum/ances1 w1 ( c\rse1 occasionally occur4 ,:ile lay+1 x requires1 z has be5 intimat$1 m att5tion ?an does ! h51 until x is accu/om$ to resort to a regul> ne/ = deposit+ its eggs2 :51 h[ev]1 ?is is once effect$1 little c>e is ne$$ beyond :at has be5 indicat$4 ,! duck is a bad hat*]1 be+ too fond ( ! wat]1 &1 consequ5tly1 too apt to all[ h] eggs to get cold2 %e w also1 no matt] :at k9d ( wea!r x may be1 br+ ! duckl+s to ! wat] ! mom5t !y break ! %ell--a practice always injuri\s1 & frequ5tly fatal2 h5ce ! v common practice ( sett+ duck's eggs "u h5s4 ,!re are sev]al v>ieties ( tame ducks2 b _! m]its are m div]se 9 an ornam5tal ?an 9 a pr(itable po9t ( view4 ,( :ite ducks1 ! be/ is ! ,aylesbury1 ) its unspott$1 sn[y plumage1 & yell[ legs & feet4 ,x is l>ge & excell5t = ! table1 b n l>g] or bett] ?an sev]al o!rs4 ,!y are assidu\s mo!rs & nurses1 especially aft] ! exp]i5ce ( two or ?ree seasons4 ,a mu* small] race ( :ite ducks is import$ f ,holl&1 useful only to ! proprietors ( ext5sive or seclud$ wat]s1 z entic]s ( pass+ wild birds to alight & jo9 _! society4 ,?is v>iety has a yell[-orange bill2 t ( ! ,aylesbury %\ld be fle%-color$4 ,!re is1 also1 ! :ite hook-bill$ duck1 ) a bill mon/r\sly curv$ d[nw>d--a ,roman-nos$ duck1 9 fact--) ,jewi% features1 ( a mo/ grotesque & ludicr\s appe>ance2 ! bill has "s resemblance 9 its curvature to t ( ! ,flam+o4 ,:ite ducks1 ( c\rse1 make b a sorry figure 9 t[ns or dirty suburbs1 or 9 any place :]e ! means ( wa%+ !mselves are scanty4 ,!re are "o or two pretty v>ieties1 n v common2 "o ( a slate-gray1 or blui% dun1 ano!r ( a s&y-yell[2 !re are also "s ) top-knots z compact & sph]ical z ^? ( any ,poli% f[l1 :i* rival ! hook-bill$ 9 oddity4 ,:at are t]m$ ! :ite ,pol& & ! black ,pol& are cre/$2 !y bre$ e>ly1 & are excell5t lay]s2 ! =m] are deem$ ! mo/ desirable ?\gh ! black are ! l>g]4 ,( mottl$ & pi$ sorts1 !re exi/s a great v>iety2 black & :ite1 bronze & :ite1 lightly speckl$1 & _m o!r mixtures4 ,to ?is class belongs ! ,r\5--or ,rhone1 or ,rohan1 s9ce ea* designation has be5 us$--duck1 :i* has be5 ne$lessly ov]prais$ by int]e/$ deal]s4 ,?is v>iety is highly e/eem$ by epicures2 x is a prolific bird1 & lays l>ge eggs2 its size is ! crit]ion ( its value4 ,!re is also a pi$ v>iety ( ! ,pol& ducks1 a hybrid betwe5 ! :ite & ! black1 ! ,beav]4 ,ano!r v>iety1 kn[n z ! ,labrador1 ! ,bu5os ,ayres1 or ! black ,ea/ ,indian duck1 is some:at r>e & highly e/eem$ by deal]s4 ,!y are v beautiful birds4 ,! feet1 legs1 & entire plumage %\ld be black2 a few :ite fea!rs w occasionally appe>4 ,! bill also is black1 ) a slight "u-t+e ( gre54 ,n only ! neck & back1 b ! l>g] fea!rs ( ! tail & w+s are gilt ) metallic gre52 ! female also exhibits slight traces ( ! same decoration4 ,on a sun%9y spr+ day1 ! effect ( ^! glitt]+ black ducks sport+ 9 ! blue wat] is v pleas+4 ,a peculi>ity ( ?is v>iety is1 t !y occasionally--t is1 at ! comm5cem5t ( ! season--lay black eggs2 ! color ( ^? subsequ5tly laid gradually fades to t ( ! common k9ds4 ,?is s+ul> appe>ance is n caus$ by any int]nal /ra9 p5etrat+ ! :ole ?ickness ( ! %ell1 b by an oily pigm5t1 :i* may be scrap$ (f ) ! nail4 ,!y lay1 p]haps1 a little lat] ?an o!r ducks1 b are n m difficult to re>4 ,_! voice1 likewise1 is said to diff] slightly f t ( o!r v>ieties2 b !y are f> sup]ior 9 hav+ a high1 wild-duck flavor &1 if well kept1 are 9 des]v$ repute z be+ excell5t food :5 kill$ imm$iately f ! pond1 )\t any fatt5+4 ,/ill ano!r bre$1 kn[n z ! ,muscovy duck1 is a di/9ct species f ! common duck2 & ! hybrid race w n1 !re=e1 bre$ aga9 betwe5 !mselves1 al?\gh !y are capable ( do+ s ) ei!r ( ! species f ! commixture ( :i* !y spr+4 ,?is duck does n d]ive its "n f hav+ be5 br\ght f ! c\ntry indicat$1 b f ! flavor ( its fle%1 & %\ld m prop]ly be t]m$ ! musk duck1 ( :i* ?is "n is b a corruption4 ,x is easily di/+ui%$ by a r$ membrane surr\nd+ ! eyes1 & cov]+ ! *eeks4 ,n be+ 9 e/eem1 on acc\nt ( _! peculi> odor1 & ! unpleasant flavor ( _! fle%1 !y are n wor? bre$+1 unless to cross ) ! common v>ieties2 9 :i* case1 ! musk drake mu/ be put to ! common duck4 ,?is w produce a v l>ge cross1 :ile ! opposite c\rse w beget a v inf]ior "o4 ,,! ,,goose4 ,,! ,,wild ,,goose4 ,! goose belongs to ! same family z ! duck1 b is class$ ) ! g5us ans]4 ,! gray-leg goose--a common wild goose ( ,engl&--is by "s reg>d$ z ! orig9al ( ! dome/ic bird4 ,x is ?irty-five in*es long2 upp] p>ts a%-br[n & a%-gray2 "u p>ts :ite4 ,?is v>iety is migratory1 proce$+ to ! ,nor!rn p>ts ( ,europe & ,asia 9 summ]1 & to ! ,s\? 9 w9t]4 ,! ,canada1 or ,cravat goose1 ! wild goose ( ?is c\ntry1 is a f9e species1 =ty in*es long1 (t5 se5 9 spr+ & autumn 9 l>ge1 triangul> flocks1 high 9 air1 & l$ by an old1 exp]i5c$ g&]1 :o frequ5tly utt]s a l\d honk1 equival5t1 d\btless1 to ,all's well6 ,?is s\nd (t5 comes ^u ! e> at night1 :5 ! flock are invisible2 & x is frequ5tly he>d ev5 9 ! daytime1 seem+ to come f ! sky1 ! birds be+ beyond ! rea* ( vision4 ,imm5se numb]s ( ^! noble birds are kill$ 9 ,canada1 z well z along our coa/s1 :]e !y assemble 9 ! autumn 9 l>ge flocks1 & rema9 till driv5 to m ,s\!rn climates by ! season4 ,illu/ration3 ,,wild ,,or ,,canada ,,goose4 ,! ,canada goose is capable ( dome/ication1 &1 9 spite ( its orig9al migratory habits--:i* x appe>s1 9 almo/ e in/ance1 to =get 9 ,engl&--%[s mu* m disposition = a truly dome/ic life ?an ! swan2 & x may be ma9ta9$ 9 p]fect heal? ) v limit$ opportunities = ba?+4 ,!y eat worms & s(t insects1 z well z grass & aquatic plants2 ) u1 !y d n bre$ until !y are at lea/ two ye>s old1 & s f> approa* ! swan2 l :i* bird1 also1 ! male appe>s to be fit = reproduction at an e>li] p]iod ?an ! female4 ,_m writ]s speak highly ( ! half-br$ ,canada4 ,!y are1 c]ta9ly1 v l>ge1 & may m]it approbation on ! table2 b ) :atev] o!r species ! cross is made1 !y are hide\sly disgu/+4 ,,! ,,dome/ic ,,goose4 ,! goose is n m5tion$ 9 ! ,bible1 b x 0 kn[n to ! anci5t ,egyptians1 & is repres5t$ 9 num]\s in/ances on _! monum5ts1 %[+ t x 0 anci5tly us$ = food1 z 9 our own times4 ,x 0 held sacr$ by ! ,romans1 because x 0 said to h al>m$1 by its cackl+ at night1 ! s5t9els ( ! capitol1 at ! invasion ( ! ,gauls1 & ?us to h sav$ ! city4 ,?is 0 attribut$ by "o ( ! ,roman writ]s to its f9e s5se ( smell1 :i* enables !m to p]ceive at a great di/ance ! odor ( ! human race4 ,! liv] ( ?is bird seems to h be5 a favorite morsel ) epicures 9 all ages2 & inv5tion appe>s to h be5 active 9 ex]cis+ ! means ( increas+ ! volume ( t organ4 ,x is g5]ally e/eem$ a fooli% bird2 yet x displays c\rage 9 def5d+ its "y1 & in/ances ( atta*m5t & gratitude h %[n t x is n defici5t 9 s5tim5t4 ,! value & usefulness ( geese are sc>cely calculable4 ,! only damage :i* !y d lies 9 ! quantity ( food :i* !y consume2 ! only c>e !y require is to be sav$ f />vation4 ,all ! fe>s & anxieties requisite to educate ! turkey & prep>e x = mak+ a prop] appe>ance at ! table are ) !m unnecess>y2 grass by day1 a dry b$ at night1 & a tol]ably att5tive "m1 are all t is requir$4 ,roa/ goose1 fatt$ to ! po9t ( repletion1 is almo/ ! only luxury t is n deem$ an extravagance 9 an economical f>m-h\se2 = !re are ! fea!rs1 to swell ! /ock ( b$s2 !re is ! dripp+1 to enri* ! dumpl+ or pudd+2 !re are ! giblets1 = m>ket or a pie2 & !re is ! :olesome1 solid1 savory fle% = all p>ties int]e/$4 ,!y are accus$ by "s ( r5d]+ ! spots :]e !y fe$ (f5sive to o!r /ock2 b ! explanation is simple4 ,a horse bites clos] ?an an ox2 a %eep goes ne>] to ! gr\nd ?an a horse2 b1 aft] ! %>pe/ %e>+ by %eep1 ! goose w poli% up ! tuft1 & gr[ fat ^u ! remnants ( o!rs4 ,consequ5tly1 :]e geese are kept 9 great numb]s on a small area1 little w be left to ma9ta9 any o!r grass-eat+ creature4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! pa/ures are n %ort1 x w n be f\nd t o!r graz+ animals object to fe$+ ei!r toge!r )1 or imm$iately aft]1 a flock ( geese4 ,! goose has ! m]it ( be+ ! e>lie/ ( p\ltry4 ,9 ?ree mon?s1 or1 ab\t f\r1 f leav+ ! egg1 ! birds ought to be fit = ! fea!r-b$1 ! spit1 & ! fire4 ,x is n only v e>ly 9 its lay+1 b also v late4 ,x (t5 anticipates ! spr+ 9 ,novemb]1 &1 aft]w>d1 :5 spr+ really comes 9 ,m>*1 x _c resi/ its g5]al influ5ce4 ,! autumnal eggs af=d useful employm5t to turkeys & h5s t *oose to sit at unseasonable times2 & ! p]iod ( incubation is less t$i\s ?an t requir$ = ! eggs ( "s o!r birds4 ,! flight ( ! dome/ic goose is q p[]ful en\gh1 especially 9 "y birds1 to all[ !m to escape 9 t way1 :]e !y are s incl9$4 ,9 ! autumn1 :ole broods may be se5 by e>ly ris]s tak+ _! morn+ flight1 & circl+ 9 ! air = matut9al ex]cise1 j l pigeons1 :5 fir/ let out ( _! lock]4 ,! bird lives to a v great age1 sometimes sev5ty ye>s or m4 ,z to ! orig9 ( our dome/ic species1 op9ions diff]4 ,by "s1 z already rem>k$1 ! gray-leg is reg>d$ z ! p>5t /ock2 o!rs consid] x a mongrel1 l ! dunghill f[l1 made up ( sev]al v>ieties1 to ea* ( :i* x occasionally %[s m or less aff9ity2 & yet o!rs cont5d t x is n to be ref]r$ to any exi/+ species4 ,! latt] ass]t t !re is really b "o v>iety ( ! dome/ic goose1 individuals ( :i* are f\nd f entirely :ite plumage1 ?r\gh diff]5t degrees ( pat*$ness ) gray1 to entirely gray color+1 except on ! abdom54 ,! dome/ic g&] is polygam\s1 b he is n an indiscrim9ate lib]t9e2 he w r>ely c\ple ) females ( any o!r species4 ,hybrid common geese are almo/ always produc$ by ! union ( a wild g&] ) a dome/ic goose1 & n by ! opposite4 ,! g&]s are g5]ally1 ?\gh n inv>iably1 :ite1 & are sometimes call$ ,embd5 geese1 f a t[n ( ,hanov]4 ,high fe$+1 c>e1 & mod]ate w>m? w induce a prolific habit1 :i* becomes1 9 "s measure1 h]$it>y4 ,! season ( ! ye> at :i* ! "y are hat*$--& !y may be re>$ at any season--influ5ces _! future size & developm5t4 ,aft] all[+ = ^! causes ( div]sity1 x is claim$ t ! dome/ic goose con/itutes only "o species or p]man5t v>iety4 ,,! ,,b]nacle ,,goose4 ,?is bird is sometimes call$ ! ,b>nacle goose2 its "n orig9ates f ! fact t x 0 =m]ly suppos$ to be br$ f ! %ells s t]m$1 :i* cl+ to wood 9 ! sea4 ,x is ab\t tw5ty-five in*es long1 & is f\nd wild 9 ,europe1 abundantly 9 ! ,baltic2 &1 occasionally1 z x is said1 9 ,hudson's ,bay1 on ?is cont95t4 ,?is bird is "o ( ^? species 9 :i* ! impulse ( reproduction has at l5g? ov]come ! sull5ness ( captivity1 & in/ances ( _! bre$+ :5 9 conf9em5t h increas$ 9 frequ5cy to su* an ext5t t hopes are ent]ta9$ ( ! cont9uance ( t increase4 ,! "y s re>$ %\ld be p9ion$ at ! wri/ z a precaution4 ,!y w\ld probably /ay at home cont5t$ly1 if unp9ion$1 until ! approa* ( inclem5t wea!r1 :5 !y w\ld be tempt$ to leave _! usual haunts 9 se>* ( m>%es1 unfroz5 spr+s1 mud-banks left by ! tide1 & ! op5 sea2 or !y might be induc$ to jo9 a flock ( wild birds1 in/ead ( return+ to _! =m] qu>t]s4 ,broods ( five1 six1 & sev5 h be5 re>$2 b !y are g5]ally valu$ z embelli%m5ts to ponds m]ely1 _! small size r5d]+ !m suitable ev5 = a v limit$ pleasure-gr\nd1 & ! v>iety be+ p]haps ! prettie/ geese t are ?us employ$4 ,! lively comb9ation ( black1 :ite1 gray1 & lav5d]1 gives !m ! appe>ance ( be+ 9 agreeable half-m\rn+4 ,! female diff]s little f ! male1 be+ di/+ui%$ by voice & deportm5t m ?an by plumage4 ,_! %ort bill1 ! mod]ate-siz$ webs ( _! feet1 & _! r\nd$ proportions1 indicate an aff9ity ) ! curi\s ,c]eopsis goose1 :i* is f\nd 9 consid]able numb]s on ! sea%ore ( ,sucky ,bay & ,goose ,isl&1 at ! s\?-ea/]n po9t ( ,au/ralia4 ,! numb] ( eggs laid is six or sev51 & ! "t ( incubation is ab\t a mon?2 x be+ difficult to "n ! exact p]iod1 f ! unc]ta9ty respect+ ! precise h\r :5 ! process comm5ces4 ,!y are /eady sitt]s4 ,! "y are lively & active little creatures1 runn+ hi!r & ?i!r1 & tugg+ at ! blades ( grass4 ,_! gr\nd color is ( a dirty :ite2 _! legs1 feet1 eyes1 & %ort /ump ( a bill1 are black2 !y h a gray spot on ! cr[n ( ! head1 gray pat*es on ! back & w+s1 & a yell[i% t+e ab\t ! =ep>t ( ! head4 ,! old birds are v g5tle 9 _! disposition & habits1 & are less noisy ?an mo/ geese4 ,! s]vice !y may r5d] z we$-eat]s is important1 ?\gh _! size alone precludes any comp>ison ( !m1 9 ?is respect1 ) ! swan4 ,_! favorite fe$+-gr\nds are ext5sive flats1 p>tially inundat$ by ! high] tides2 & _! bre$+ may p]haps be/ be promot$ by _! be+ furni%$ ) a little sea-we$ dur+ w9t] & e>ly spr+2 a few %rimps1 or small mussels1 w\ld probably n be unacceptable4 ,a s+le pair is m likely to bre$ ?an if !y are congregat$ 9 l>g] numb]s4 ,,! ,,brem5 ,,goose4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,brem5 ,,goose4 ,! ,brem5 geese--s call$ f ! place :5ce !y 7 orig9ally import$1 ?\gh "s t]m !m ,embd5 geese--h be5 br$ 9 ?is c\ntry1 pure1 & to a fea!r1 s9ce #ahba2 no s+le in/ance hav+ occurr$ 9 :i* ! slighte/ det]ioration ( "* c\ld be obs]v$4 ,! produce has inv>iably be5 ( ! pure/ :ite2 ! bill1 legs1 & feet be+ ( a beautiful yell[4 ,! fle% ( ?is goose does n p>take ( t dry "* :i* belongs to o!r & m common k9ds1 b is z t5d] & juicy z ! fle% ( a wild f[l2 x %r9ks less 9 cook+ ?an t ( any o!r f[l4 ,"s pron\nce its fle% equal if n sup]ior to t ( ! canvas-back duck4 ,!y likewise sit & hat* ) m c]ta9ty ?an common b>n-y>d geese2 w weigh ne>ly1 & 9 "s in/ances q1 twice ! weight--! full-blood weigh+ tw5ty p\nds & upw>d2 !y h d\ble ! quantity ( fea!rs2 & nev] fly4 ,,! ,,br5t ,,goose4 ,?is is a small species1 tw5ty-"o in*es long1 common 9 a wild /ate1 9 bo? ,europe & ,am]ica4 ,on our coa/1 x is a favorite game-bird1 & kn[n by ! "n ( ,brant4 ,x is easily tam$1 & is said to h produc$ "y 9 captivity1 ?\gh no details h be5 furni%$4 ,?is & ! ,s&wi* ,isl& goose are ! smalle/ ( _! tribe yet introduc$ to our aquatic avi>ies4 ,_! almo/ uni=m color ( lead5 black1 & _! compactness ( =m1 make !m a /rik+ feature 9 ! sc5e1 ?\gh !y _c be comp>$ 9 beauty ) _m o!r wat]f[l4 ,!re is s little diff]5ce 9 ! sexes t x is n easy to di/+ui% !m4 ,_! *ief m]it re/s 9 _! fondness = wat]-we$s1 9 :i* respect !y appe> to be second only to ! swan4 ,!y are quiet1 g5tle & h>mless 9 captivity4 ,"s praise _! fle%1 :ile o!rs pron\nce x fi%y1 /rong1 & oily2 !y may1 h[ev]1 be conv]t$ into tol]able meat by be+ sk9n$ & bak$ 9 a pie4 ,,! ,,*9a ,,goose4 ,illu/ration3 ,,*9a ,,or ,,hong ,,kong ,,goose4 ,?is bird figures "u a v>iety ( aliases3 ,knob goose1 ,hong ,kong goose1 ,asiatic goose1 ,swan goose1 ,*9ese ,swan ,gu9ea goose1 ,poli% goose1 ,muscovy goose1 &1 probably1 o!rs4 ,!re is some?+ 9 ! aspect ( ?is creature--9 ! d>k-br[n /ripe d[n its neck1 its small1 bright eye1 its h>% voice1 its c]emoni\s /rut1 & its affectation ( seldom be+ 9 a hurry--:i* seems to say t x came f ,*9a4 ,if s1 x has no d\bt be5 dome/icat$ = _m hundr$ ye>s1 p]haps z long z ! pea f[l or ! common f[l4 ,!y may be made to lay a l>ge numb] ( eggs by an increas$ supply ( n\ri%+ food4 ,if lib]ally furni%$ ) oats1 boil$ rice1 etc41 ! ,*9a goose w1 9 ! spr+1 lay f tw5ty to ?irty eggs be=e %e beg9s to sit1 & aga9 9 ! autumn1 aft] h] m\lt1 f t5 to fifte5 m4 ,ano!r peculi>ity is _! defici5t p[] ( flight1 comp>$ ) o!r geese1 ow+ to ! l>g] proportionate size ( _! bodies4 ,inde$1 ( all geese1 ?is is ! wor/ fly]2 !re is no occasion to p9ion !m2 ! common dome/ic goose flies mu* m /rongly4 ,! prevail+ color ( _! plumage is br[n1 comp>able to ! color ( :eat4 ,! diff]5t %ades are v h>moni\sly bl5d$1 & are well reliev$ by ! black tub]culat$ bill1 & ! pure :ite ( ! abdom54 ,_! movem5ts on ! wat] are graceful & swan-l4 ,slight v>iations occur 9 ! color ( ! feet & legs1 "s hav+ !m ( a dull orange1 o!rs black2 a delicate fr+e ( m9ute :ite fea!rs is occasionally se5 at ! base ( ! bill4 ,^! peculi>ities are h]$it>ily transmitt$4 ,! male is almo/ z mu* disproportionately l>g] ?an ! female z ! ,musk drake is 9 comp>ison ) 8 mate4 ,he is mu* incl9$ to lib]t9e w&]+s1 )\t1 h[ev]1 neglect+ prop] att5tion at home4 ,if !re is any o!r g&] on ! premises1 a disagreem5t is sure to result4 ,bo? male & female are1 p]haps1 ! noisie/ ( all geese2 at night1 ! lea/ footfall or motion 9 _! neighborhood is suffici5t to call =? _! clangor & resonant trumpet+s4 ,! eggs are some:at less ?an ^? ( ! dome/ic k9d1 ( a %ort oval1 ) a smoo?1 ?ick %ell1 :ite1 b slightly t+$ ) yell[ at ! small] end4 ,! gosl+s1 :5 fir/ hat*$1 are usually v /rong4 ,!y are ( a dirty gre51 l ! color produc$ by mix+ ,india-ink & yell[ o*re1 ) d>k] pat*es "h & !re4 ,! legs & feet are lead-color1 b aft]w>d *ange to a dull r$4 ,) good pa/urage1 !y require no f>!r att5tion ?an t be/[$ by _! p>5ts4 ,aft] a "t1 a little gra9 w /r5g!n & =w>d !m4 ,if well f$1 !y come to maturity v rapidly2 9 betwe5 ?ree & f\r mon?s f ! "t ( leav+ ! %ell1 !y w be full-gr[n & ready = food4 ,!y d n be> be+ %ut up to fatt5 s well z common geese1 &1 !re=e1 ^? de/9$ = ! table are ! bett] = pr(use h&-fe$+4 ,_! fle% is well-flavor$1 %ort1 & t5d]2 _! eggs1 excell5t = cook+ purposes4 ,!y are said to be a %ort-liv$ species2 ! g&]s1 at lea/1 n la/+ m ?an t5 or a doz5 ye>s4 ,hybrids betwe5 !m & ! common goose are prolific ) ! latt]2 ! second & ?ird cross is mu* priz$ by "s f>m]s1 p>ticul>ly = _! g&]s2 & 9 _m flocks ! blood ( ! ,*9a goose may be trac$ (t5times by ! m erect gait ( ! birds1 accompani$ by a fa9t /ripe d[n ! back ( ! neck4 ,) ! ,:ite-gr5t$ goose !y also bre$ freely4 ,! ,:ite-,*9a4 ,^! are l>g] ?an ! prec$+1 & app>5tly m t]re/rial 9 _! habits2 ! knob on ! head is n only ( great] proportion1 b ( a diff]5t %ape4 ,x is ( a spotless1 pure :ite--?\gh a v few gray fea!rs occasionally appe>--m swan-l ?an ! br[n1 ) a bright orange-color$ bill1 & a l>ge knot ( ! same color at its base4 ,x is p>ticul>ly beautiful1 ei!r 9 or out ( ! wat]1 its neck be+ long1 sl5d]1 & gracefully ar*$ :5 swimm+4 ,x bre$s ?ree or f\r times 9 ! season2 ! egg is q small = ! size ( ! bird1 be+ n m ?an half ! size ( t ( ! common goose4 ,9 _m in/ances1 ef=ts to obta9 "y f _! eggs h be5 unsuccessful2 b if ! female is suppli$ ) ! eggs ( ! common goose1 %e inv>iably hat*es & re>s ! gosl+s4 ,!y sit rem>kably well1 nev] %[+ !mselves out ( ! ne/ by day2 b1 possibly1 !y may leave ! ne/ too long 9 ! cold ( ! night4 ,"s ?9k t a quiet lake is m to _! ta/e ?an a rapid runn+ /ream1 & m conducive to ! fecundity ( _! eggs4 ,x is also believ$ by _m t1 "u favorable circum/ances1 !y w\ld be v prolific4 ,,! ,,egyptian ,,goose4 ,?is species is br$ to a c]ta9 ext5t 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,x is a mo/ /ately & ri* bird1 rem9d+ "o ( ! solemn antiquity ( ! ,nile1 ) its gorge\s mantle ( gold5 hues & its long hi/ory4 ,x is d>k r$ r\nd ! eyes2 r$ r+ r\nd ! neck2 :ite bill2 neck & brea/ light fawn-gray2 a m>oon /> on ! brea/2 belly r$ & gray2 half ( ! w+-fea!rs ri* black1 ! o!r "p ( !m pure :ite2 black b> runn+ across ! c5tre1 back light-r$1 gr[+ d>k-r$ t[>d ! tail2 ! tail a deep black4 ,!y are v prolific1 br++ (f ?ree broods a ye>1 f eight to twelve ea* "t2 _! weight is ab\t eight p\nds ea*4 ,,! ,,java ,,goose4 ,! g&] ( ?is species is :ite1 ) head & half ! neck light-fawn2 r$ tub]cle at ! root ( ! bill2 l>g] ?an ! common goose1 & long] 9 ! body2 walks erect1 /&+ z high z ! ,*9a goose1 ! female appe>+ to c>ry two p\*es1 or egg-bags1 "u ! belly4 ,x is v prolific2 & ! meat is ( f9e flavor4 ,,! ,,t\l\se ,,goose4 ,?is bird is said to h be5 orig9ally import$ f ! ,m$it]ranean2 & is kn[n also by ! names ,m$it]ranean goose1 & ,pyr5ean goose4 ,x is *iefly rem>kable = its va/ size1 9 :i* respect x surpasses all o!rs4 ,its prevail+ color is a slaty blue1 m>k$ ) br[n b>s1 & occasionally reliev$ ) black2 ! head1 neck1 z f> z ! beg9n+ ( ! brea/1 & ! back ( ! neck1 z f> z ! %\ld]s1 ( a d>k-br[n2 ! brea/ slaty-blue2 ! belly is :ite1 9 common ) ! "u surface ( ! tail2 ! bill is orange-r$1 & ! feet fle%-color4 ,9 habit1 ! ,t\l\se goose resembles 8 cong5]s1 b seems to possess a mild] & m tractable disposition1 :i* greatly conduces to ! *ance ( 8 e>ly fatt5+1 & t1 too1 at a little co/4 ,! curl ( ! plumage on ! neck comes clos] to ! head ?an t on common geese1 & ! abdom9al p\*1 :i*1 9 o!r v>ieties1 is an accompanim5t ( age1 exi/s f ! %ell4 ,! fle% is said to be t5d] & well-flavor$4 ,"s pron\nce ?is bird ! unmix$ & imm$iate desc5dant ( ! ,gray-leg2 :ile o!rs ass]t t x is only ! common dome/ic1 enl>g$ by e>ly hat*+1 v lib]al fe$+ dur+ y\?1 f9e climate1 &1 p]haps1 by age1 & /yle !m gr5adi] individuals ( ! dome/ic goose--no?+ m4 ,,! ,,:ite-,,front$ ,,goose4 ,9 its wild /ate1 ! ,:ite-front$ or ,laugh+ goose is tw5ty-sev5 in*es long1 & f\nd 9 great numb]s 9 ,europe & 9 ! ,nor? ,am]ican ,fur c\ntries1 b r>e along our coa/s4 ,:5 dome/icat$1 x belongs to ! class ( birds :i* are re/ra9$ f resum+ _! orig9al wild habits m by ! influ5ce ( local & p]sonal atta*m5t ?an f any love :i* !y seem to h = ! com=ts ( dome/ication2 :i* may be tru/$ ) _! entire lib]ty1 or ne>ly s1 b require an eye to be kept on !m f "t to "t1 le/ !y /ray away & assume an indep5d5t condition4 ,! :ite-front$ goose well des]ves ! patronage ( ^? :o h ev5 a small piece ( grass4 ,! fir/ impression ( e "o1 ^u see+ ?is species 9 conf9em5t1 w\ld be t x c\ld n be tru/$ ) lib]ty2 & ! sight ( x ex]cis+ its w+s at its fir/ escape w\ld make its own] despair ( recov]+ x4 ,?is is n1 h[ev]1 ! case4 ,by no great am\nt ( c>e & att5tion1 !y w manife/ su* a degree ( confid5ce & atta*m5t z to remove all hesitation z to ! future2 & !y may be reg>d$ z patt]ns ( all t is valuable 9 ans]9e nature--g5tle1 affectionate1 *e]ful1 h>dy1 useful1 & self-dep5d5t4 ,! g&] is an att5tive p>5t1 b n a fai?ful sp\se4 ,! eggs are small] ?an ^? ( ! common goose1 pure :ite1 & ( a v long oval2 ! %ell is also ?9n] ?an 91 mo/ o!rs2 ! fle% is excell5t4 99 99 99 99 99 ,hav+ complet$ ! enum]ation & description ( ! v>ieties ( p\ltry1 x w1 p]haps1 be appropriate to give "s acc\nt1 be=e proce$+ to ! next g5]al division ( ! subject1 ( ! /ructure1 or anatomy1 s to speak1 ( ,,! ,,egg4 ,9 a lay+ h5 may be f\nd1 ^u op5+ ! body1 :at is call$ ! ov>ium--a clu/] ( rudim5tal eggs1 ( diff]5t sizes1 f v m9ute po9ts up to %apes ( easily-di/+ui%$ =ms4 ,^! rudim5tal eggs h z yet no %ell or :ite1 ^! be+ exhibit$ 9 a diff]5t /age ( developm5t2 b consi/ :olly ( yolk1 on ! surface ( :i* ! g]m ( ! future *ick5 lies4 ,! yolk & ! g]m are envelop$ by a v ?9 membrane4 ,:5 ! rudim5tal egg1 /ill atta*$ to ! ov>ium1 becomes long] & l>g]1 & arrives at a c]ta9 size1 ei!r its own weight1 or "s o!r effici5t cause1 deta*es x f ! clu/]1 & makes x fall into a sort ( funnel1 lead+ to a pipe1 :i* is t]m$ ! oviduct4 ,"h ! yolk ( ! rudim5tal egg1 hi!rto imp]fectly =m$1 puts on its mature appe>ance ( a ?ick yell[ fluid2 :ile ! rudim5tal *ick or embryo1 ly+ on ! surface opposite to t by :i* x _h be5 atta*$ to ! ov>ium1 is :ite1 & some:at l pa/e4 ,! :ite1 or album51 ( ! egg n[ becomes diffus$ ar\nd ! yolk1 be+ secret$ f ! blood vessels ( ! egg-pipe1 or oviduct1 9 ! =m ( a ?91 glassy fluid2 & x is prev5t$ f mix+ ) ! yolk & ! embryo *ick5 by ! ?9 membrane :i* surr\nd$ !m be=e !y 7 deta*$ f ! egg-clu/]1 :ile x is /r5g!n$ by a second & /rong] membrane1 =m$ ar\nd ! fir/1 imm$iately aft] fall+ into ! oviduct4 ,?is second membrane1 envelop+ ! yolk ( ! g]m ( ! *ick51 is ?icke/ at ! two ends1 hav+ :at may be t]m$ bulg+s1 t]m$ *alazes by anatomi/s2 ^! bulg+s ( ! second membrane pass q ?r\gh ! :ite at ! ends1 & be+ ?us1 z x 71 emb$d$ 9 ! :ite1 !y keep ! inclos$ yolk & g]m some:at 9 a fix$ position1 prev5t+ !m f roll+ ab\t )9 ! egg :5 x is mov$4 ,! :ite ( ! egg be+ ?us =m$1 a ?ird membrane1 or1 r1 a d\ble membrane1 mu* /rong] ?an ei!r ( ! fir/ two1 is =m$ ar\nd x1 becom+ atta*$ to ! *alazes ( ! second membrane1 & t5d+ /ill m to keep all ! p>ts 9 _! relative positions4 ,dur+ ! progress ( ^! sev]al =mations1 ! egg gradually advances ab\t half way along ! oviduct4 ,x is /ill1 h[ev]1 de/itute ( ! %ell1 :i* beg9s to be =m$ by a process simil> to ! =mation ( ! %ell ( a snail1 z soon z ! out] lay] ( ! ?ird membrane has be5 complet$4 ,:5 ! %ell is fully =m$1 ! egg cont9ues to advance along ! oviduct1 till ! h5 goes to h] ne/ & lays x4 ,f ill heal?1 or accid5ts1 eggs are sometimes exclud$ f ! oviducts be=e ! %ell has begun to be =m$1 & 9 ?is /ate !y are popul>ly call$ w9d-eggs4 ,reckon+1 !n1 f ! %ell inw>d1 !re are six diff]5t envelopes1 ( :i* "o only c\ld be detect$ be=e ! desc5t ( ! egg into ! oviduct3 ! %ell2 ! ext]nal lay] ( ! membrane l9+ ! %ell2 ! int]nal lay] ( same l9+2 ! :ite1 compos$ ( a ?9n] liquid on ! outside1 & a ?ick] & m yell[i% liquid on ! inside2 ! bulg+s1 or *alazif]\s membrane2 & ! prop] membrane4 ,"o important "p ( ! egg is ! air-bag1 plac$ at ! l>g] end1 betwe5 ! %ell & its l9+ membrane4 ,?is is ab\t ! size ( ! eye ( a small bird 9 new-laid eggs1 b is increas$ z mu* z t5 times 9 ! process ( hat*+4 ,! air bag is ( su* great importance to ! developm5t ( ! *ick5--probably by supply+ x ) a limit$ atmosph]e ( oxyg5--t1 if ! blunt end ( an egg be pi]c$ ) ! po9t ( ! smalle/ ne$le1 ! egg _c be hat*$4 ,in/ead ( "o rudim5tal egg fall+ f ! ov>ium1 two may be detect$1 & w1 ( c\rse1 be inclos$ 9 ! same %ell1 :5 ! egg w be d\ble-yolk$4 ,! eggs ( a goose h1 9 "s in/ances1 conta9$ ev5 ?ree yolks4 ,if ! d\ble-yolk$ eggs be hat*$1 !y w r>ely produce two sep>ate *ick5s1 b1 m commonly1 mon/rosities--*ick5s ) two heads1 & ! l4 ,! %ell ( an egg1 *emically speak+1 consi/s *iefly ( c>bonate ( lime1 simil> to *alk1 ) a small quantity ( phosphate ( lime1 & animal mucus4 ,:5 burnt1 ! animal matt] & ! c>bonic acid gas ( ! c>bonate ( lime are sep>at$2 ! fir/ be+ r$uc$ to a%es1 or animal *>coal1 :ile ! second is dissipat$1 leav+ ! dec>boniz$ lime mix$ ) a little phosphate ( lime4 ,! :ite ( ! egg is )\t ta/e or smell1 ( a viscid1 glairy consi/5ce1 readily dissolv+ 9 wat]1 coagulable by acids1 by spirits ( w9e1 & by a temp]ature ( "o hundr$ & sixty-five degrees1 ,fahr5heit4 ,if x has once be5 coagulat$1 x is no long] soluble 9 ei!r cold or hot wat]1 & acquires a slight insipid ta/e4 ,x is compos$ ( eighty p>ts ( wat]1 fifte5 & a half p>ts ( album51 & f\r & a half p>ts ( mucus2 besides giv+ traces ( soda1 b5zoic acid1 & sulphurett$ hydrog5 gas4 ,! latt]1 on an egg be+ eat5 on a silv] spoon1 /a9s ! spoon ( a blacki% purple1 by comb9+ ) ! silv]1 & =m+ sulphuret ( silv]4 ,! :ite ( ! egg is a v feeble conductor ( heat1 ret>d+ its escape2 & prev5t+ its entrance to ! yolk2 a provid5tial contrivance1 n m]ely to prev5t spe$y f]m5tation & corruption1 b to arre/ ! fatal *ills1 :i* might occur 9 hat*+1 :5 ! "m h5 leaves h] eggs1 f "t to "t1 9 se>* ( food4 ,eels & o!r fi% :i* c live long out ( wat]1 secrete a simil> viscid sub/ance on ! surface ( _! bodies1 furni%$ to !m1 d\btless1 = a simil> purpose4 ,! yolk has an insipid1 bl&1 oily ta/e2 &1 :5 agitat$ ) wat]1 =ms a milky emulsion4 ,if x is long boil$ x becomes a granul>1 friable solid1 yield+ ^u expression1 a yell[1 insipid1 fix$ oil4 ,x consi/s1 *emically1 ( wat]1 oil1 album51 & gelat9e4 ,9 proportion to ! quantity ( album51 ! egg boils h>d4 ,! weight ( ! eggs ( ! dome/ic f[l v>ies mat]ially2 9 "s bre$s1 av]ag+ ?irty-?ree ounces p] doz51 9 o!rs1 b f\rte5 & a half ounces4 ,a fair av]age weight = a doz5 is tw5ty-two & a half ounces4 ,yell[1 mahogany1 & salmon-color$ eggs are g5]ally ri*] ?an :ite ones1 conta9+1 z !y d1 a l>g] quantity ( yolk4 ,^! are g5]ally pref]r$ = cul9>y purposes2 :ile ! latt]1 conta9+ an excess ( album51 are pref]r$ = boil+1 etc41 = ! table4 ,illu/ration ,,bre$+ ,,& ,,managem5t ,,bre$+4 ,good f[ls are v pr(itable 9 ! keep+ ( intellig5t bre$]s4 ,x is /at$1 by ^? mo/ compet5t to express ! op9ion1 t f\r acres ( l&1 devot$ to ! re>+ ( ! be/ v>ieties ( p\ltry1 w1 at ord9>y prices1 be q z productive z a f>m ( "o hundr$ & fifty acres cultivat$ 9 ! usual way4 ,! eggs ( ! common & *eap] k9ds :i* might be us$ = incubators & nurses1 w\ld pay--or c\ld be made to pay1 if prop]ly pres]v$1 & sold at ! "r "t--all exp5ses ( fe$1 etc42 :ile good capons ( ! l>g] bre$s w br+1 9 any ( our l>g] m>kets1 f ?ree to five doll>s p] pair1 & e>ly spr+ *ick5s f tw5ty to tw5ty-five c5ts p] p\nd4 ,to make p\ltry pr(itable1 !n1 x is only necess>y t ! bett] k9ds be br$ f1 t suitable places be provid$ = !m1 t !y be prop]ly f$1 & c>efully & intellig5tly manag$4 ,^! requirem5ts are too r>ely compli$ )1 9 e respect1 to enable a correct op9ion to be =m$ z to :at may be made out ( p\ltry "u ! mo/ favorable circum/ances4 ,a few g5]al pr9ciples1 well-und]/ood & fai?fully appli$1 w prove ( great value4 ,by 9-&-9 bre$+ is meant comm]ce betwe5 individuals ( ! same brood1 or bro!r & si/]1 s to speak2 by close bre$+1 comm]ce betwe5 ! p>5t & 8 (fspr+1 9 :atev] degree4 ,cross+ ! bre$4 ,to insure successful & b5eficial cross+ ( di/9ct bre$s1 9 ord] to produce a new & valuable v>iety1 ! bre$] mu/ h an accurate k ( ! laws ( procreation1 & ! v>i$ influ5ces ( p>5ts ^u _! (fspr+4 ,all ! bre$s 9 ?is c\ntry are crosses1 produc$ ei!r by accid5t or design4 ,cross+ does n necess>ily produce a bre$2 b x always produces a v>iety1 & t v>iety becomes a bre$ only :]e !re is a suffici5cy ( /am9a to make a di/9ctive race1 & cont9ue a prog5y ) ! uni=m or lead+ *>act]i/ics ( its prog5itors4 ,high bre$+4 ,:5 uni=mity ( plumage c be effect$ 9 mix$ bre$s or v>ieties )\t a resort to 9-&-91 or close bre$+1 & )\t sacrific+ ! heal? & vigor ( ! race1 x is desirable2 &1 9 _m in/ances1 x c be accompli%$ 9 a satisfactory mann]4 ,:at are call$ highly-br$ f[ls are1 h[ev]1 too (t5 ! det]iorat$ (fspr+ ( prog5itors f> bel[ ! orig9al /ock4 ,g5u9e high bre$+ consi/s 9 ! selection ( p>5t /ock ( ! same race1 p]fect 9 all ! g5]al *>act]i/ics1 & ( remote consangu9ity4 ,?is %\ld be resort$ to p]iodically1 9 ord] to secure ! be/ results4 ,if a race is pure--t is1 if ! species or v>iety is absolutely di/9ct & unsophi/icat$--! prog5y resembles ! prog5itors 9 almo/ e respect4 ,! mixture ( races1 :]e ! consangu9ity is remote1 is productive ( decid$ b5efits4 ,to illu/rate1 9 ! case ( f[ls3 :5 ! blood is unmix$--z ) ! ,gueld]l&s1 & "s o!rs--! (fspr+1 9 all respects1 resemble _! p>5ts2 9 plumage1 g5]al habits1 =m1 outl9e1 etc4 ,9 ?is case1 !y look almo/ id5tically ! same4 ,b :5 ! blood is mix$--z ) ! ,co*9 ,*9as1 & _m o!rs--! plumage w v>y widely1 or slightly1 accord+ to circum/ances1 ?\gh _m or mo/ ( ! g5]al *>act]i/ics may rema9 ! same4 ,! close bre$+1 to :i* _m resort = ! purpose ( procur+ uni=mity1 g5]ally results 9 an absolute det]ioration ( ! race 9 important respects4 ,9 "s cases1 close bre$+--&1 occasionally1 9-&-9--seems to be 9 accordance ) ! laws ( ,nature2 z ) ! wild turkey1 :i*1 9 its natural /ate1 resorts to ^! modes ( bre$+2 & yet ! race does n *ange 9 appe>ance or deg5]ate4 ,! reason is t ! bre$ is pure4 ,9 comp>+ any numb] ( ^! birds1 n ! lea/ dissimil>ity is discov]able2 !y all look alike1 z !y always h1 & always w4 ,!y are *ang$1 or det]iorat$1 only by cross+ or conf9em5t4 ,mo/ bre$s ( ! h5 k9d deg5]ate rapidly f close1 or 9-&-9 bre$+1 because !y are n p]fect ( _! k9d2 t is1 ! bre$ is n pure1 b ( mix$ blood2 & 9 su* objectionable bre$+1 ! race deg5]ates j 9 proportion z ! bre$ is imp]fect1 or impure4 ,! p]fect ,gueld]l& w admit ( ^! modes ( bre$+1 = a great l5g? ( "t1 )\t det]ioration2 b ! impure or mix$ w rapidly deg5]ate4 ,?is is also true ( all bre$s1 :]e9 ! *>act]i/ic m>ks are uni=m & confirm$1 %[+ p]fection 9 ! race4 ,z a g5]al rule1 h[ev]1 close & 9-&-9 bre$+ %\ld be c>efully avoid$ :]e ! race is n absolutely p]fect1 if x is desir$ to improve ! bre$2 & z all ! bre$s ( ?is k9d ( f[ls are ( mix$ blood1 ! dang] ( su* bre$+ is great] or less1 9 exact proportion z ! di/9ctive *>act]i/ics are v>iant or fix$2 & ! dang] /ill increases if ! bre$ is compos$ ( /ra9s ( blood greatly dissimil>1 or ( races widely diff]+ 9 ! con=mation or g5]al habits4 ,pres]v+ ! di/9ctive bre$s4 ,z to ! "t :5 ! diff]5t bre$s ( h5s %\ld be sep>at$ 9 ! spr+1 9 ord] to pres]ve ! bre$ pure1 ! mo/ ample exp]i5ce indicates t if ! eggs be pres]v$ & set aft] a sep>ation ( two days1 ! bre$ w be p]fect1 ! (fspr+ hav+ all ! *>act]i/ics or di/9ctive m>ks4 ,:5 a valuable bre$ is produc$1 ei!r by accid5t or design1 x %\ld be pres]v$1 & ! subsequ5t bre$+ %\ld cont9ue f t /ock2 o!rwise1 !re is no c]ta9ty ( ! purity ( ! blood ( ! new bre$1 = x does n foll[ t a diff]5t p>5tage1 ?\gh ( ! same "n or orig9al bre$ precisely1 w produce ! same new bre$1 or any ?+ resembl+ x4 ,! ,dork+ f[l1 = in/ance1 0 orig9ally produc$ by cross+ ! ,great ,malay ) ! ,engli% ,game1 z an accid5t2 b x by no means foll[s t ,dork+s are ! uni=m1 or ev5 ! common result ( su* a cross1 = hundr$s ( simil> exp]im5ts h prov$ unsuccessful4 ,! bre$+1 !re=e1 to be pure-blood$1 mu/ cont9ue f ! /ock orig9ally produc$ by accid5t2 & z su* bre$+ produces ! lead+ *>act]i/ics ( ! race ) great uni=mity1 ! g5u95ess ( ! bre$ _c be d\bt$4 ,9 ord] to produce a good cross1 ! p>5tage %\ld be heal?y1 & f heal?y races1 n mat]ially dissimil> 9 _! g5]al habits4 ,! size ( ! leg %\ld always be look$ to1 9 ord] to judge accurately z to purity ( blood4 ,if ! leg is l>ge = ! bre$--t is1 if l>g] ?an ! g5]ality ( ! same bre$--! purity ( ! blood1 ! f95ess ( ! fle%1 & mo/ ( ! o!r valuable qualities1 c be reli$ on2 b1 if ! legs are small] ?an mo/ o!rs ( ! same bre$1 ! f[l is spuri\s1 & ( det]iorat$ blood4 ,! fif? toe & fea!r$ legs ( "s bre$s 7 orig9ally ! result ( accid5t2 b by long & c>eful bre$+1 !y h become incorporat$ into ! nature ( c]ta9 races ( g5]al1 ?\gh n univ]sal or ess5tial1 requisites4 ,:5 a f[l exhibits any special m>ks indicative ( all ! races or bre$s f :i* ! cross orig9at$1 x is a sure evid5ce ( extraord9>y purity ( blood1 & ( ! sup]ior excell5ce ( ! race4 ,! be/ f[ls ( ! race %\ld always be select$ = cross+ or g5]al bre$+2 o!rwise ! bre$s w deg5]ate4 ,! quality--t is1 ! f95ess1 juic9ess1 & ri*ness ( flavor--( ! fle% ( dome/ic f[ls is ( mu* m importance ?an _! size4 ,all co>se-meat$ f[ls %\ld1 !re=e1 be reject$1 no matt] h[ l>ge !y may be4 ,!re is no difficulty 9 discrim9at+ betwe5 co>se & f9e f[ls at any "t4 ,9 ! case ( *ick5s1 if ! d[n is /raight & /&s out1 & ! body & limbs are loosely jo9$1 ! meat is co>se2 b if ! d[n is glossy1 & lies close to ! body1 & ! body & limbs are compactly =m$1 ! meat is f9e2 & :5 gr[n1 if ! f[l is light 9 weight1 9 proportion to its size1 ! fle% is co>se2 b if heavy1 ! fle% is f9e4 ,!re is also a fitness 9 ! quality ( ! fle%2 =1 if ! meat is f9e1 ! bones are f9e1 & ! fea!rs are f9e2 & ! conv]se holds true4 ,if ! fle% is f9e1 x is juicy & ri*ly flavor$2 if co>se1 x is dry1 fibr\s1 & insipid4 ,! color ( ! legs1 too1 is q mat]ial 9 judg+ ( ! quality ( f[ls4 ,all o!r ?+s be+ equal1 d>k-legg$ f[ls h ! f9e/ fle%1 & are mo/ h>dy4 ,turkeys1 :i* h ! f9e/ fle% ( any f[l ( _! size1 h black legs2 ! game-cock1 likewise1 :i* is univ]sally ackn[l$g$ to be ! f9e/-fle%$ ( any ( ! dome/ic f[ls1 except ! ,wild ,indian f[l ( ,calcutta1 has d>k legs4 ,x does n1 h[ev]1 ( necessity foll[ t all d>k-legg$ f[ls are f9e1 or t all yell[ or :ite-legg$ ones are co>se1 s9ce mu* dep5ds ^u ! bre$2 b x is true t ! d>ke/ leg :i* p]ta9s to ! bre$ indicates ! f9e/ f[l4 ,! color ( ! fea!rs1 also1 has m or less to d ) ! quality ( ! f[l4 ,"s bre$s h a mu* m brilliant plumage ?an o!rs2 b :5 brilliancy ( plumage is "h spok5 (1 x is to be und]/ood 9 comp>ison ) o!rs ( ! same bre$4 ,if1 !re=e1 a f[l is select$ ( ri* & glossy plumage1 :5 comp>$ ) o!rs ( ! same bre$1 ! legs w be d>k ( ! k9d1 & ! quality ( ! bird w excel4 ,! be/ bre$+ is to cross or mix ! races2 ?is process improves ! bre$s1 9 all respects4 ,:5 ! object 9 view is to p]petuate di/9ct v>ieties ( uncontam9at$ blood1 ! fir/ requisite is to procure f[ls kn[n to be ( pure blood1 & possess+ all ! necess>y *>act]i/ics ( _! k9d4 ,labor is lo/1 unless ! f[l select$ is a p]fect specim5 ( ! v>iety2 = :atev] imp]fection exi/s is likely to be p]petuat$ 9 ! prog5y4 ,reg>d %\ld be _h to plumage1 size1 & =m1 9 mak+ a selection ei!r ( a cock or a pullet2 & ^? are pref]able :i* are hat*$ e>lie/ 9 ! ye>4 ,! age ( ! f[ls is a matt] ( consid]able importance2 &1 ?\gh x is true t a pullet w lay ! greate/ numb] ( eggs 9 h] fir/ ye>1 yet x is believ$ t ! *ick5s :i* are hat*$ f ! second ye>'s eggs are m vigor\s & h>dy4 ,old h5s are g5]ally pref]r$ to pullets z sitt]s1 on acc\nt ( _! m s$ate & matronly "*4 ,a "y cock1 ?\gh m active 9 8 e>lie/ days1 & likely to be/[ 8 att5tion on ! h5s ) less res]ve1 is n1 h[ev]1 be/ = use 9 keep+ up a bre$4 ,! eggs impregnat$ by him aft] 8 fir/ season are likely to produce ! /ronge/ *ick5s4 ,x is an error to suppose--z is (t5 repres5t$--t 8 procreative p[] is decay$ or vitiat$ aft] ?ree or f\r ye>s4 ,on ! contr>y1 a heal?y1 vigor\s cock1 if n all[$ to walk ) too _m h5s1 may be valuable & useful 9 ! p\ltry-y>d = a long] "t4 ,an error is (t5 committ$ by assign+ too _m h5s to "o cock2 & ! result is a weakly & o!rwise det]iorat$ prog5y4 ,n m ?an five h5s %\ld be all[$ to associate ) a s+le cock1 :5 ! quality ( ! bre$ is a matt] ( int]e/4 ,?ree1 inde$1 w\ld be ! bett] numb] = re/riction2 b five is ! f>!/ limit :i* c be safely assign$4 ,mo/ p]sons1 9 obta9+ a s+le vigor\s cock & h5 ( a desirable v>iety1 f9d _! anticipations m ?an realiz$ 9 ! production ( a f9e prog5y4 ,! plumage is brilliant1 & ! *ick5s are ( increas$ size1 & rem>kably /rong & heal?y4 ,?is desirable /ate ( ?+s cont9ues s long z ! cock is re/rict$ to a small numb] ( h5s2 b z soon z 8 h>em is enl>g$1 diff]5t effects are manife/$1 & a det]ioration 9 ! /ock is cle>ly obs]vable--attributable1 n to close-bre$+1 b to ! increas$ disproportion ( ! females to ! male1 & ! consequ5t ov]task+ ( 8 p[]s4 ,9 bre$+-"t1 great cleanl9ess %\ld be pres]v$ 9 ! lodg+s ( ! f[ls1 & ! quantity & quality ( food %\ld be att5d$ to4 ,!y %\ld n be suff]$ to fe$ to repletion1 & su* k9ds ( food z are mo/ nutriti\s %\ld be c>efully provid$4 ,v>iety ( food is ess5tial2 & a prop] proportion ( animal & gre5 food %\ld be giv5 ) _! usual f>e4 ,suitable arrangem5ts %\ld1 ( c\rse1 be made to prev5t any int]mixture ( bre$s4 ,a con/ant vigilance 9 ?is respect is ! price ( success2 & :5 all prop] precautions are tak51 ! bre$] may be p]fectly secure t 8 anticipations w be realiz$4 ,,selection ,,( ,,/ock4 ,! habits ( ! dome/ic f[l1 9 a wild /ate1 are too little kn[n to asc]ta9 :e!r ! cocks always associate ) ! h5s1 or only occasionally4 ,?\gh h5s w lay "s eggs )\t pair+1 z ?is is n natural1 ! numb] w1 = ! mo/ "p1 be less1 & ! lay+ unc]ta92 x is1 !re=e1 indisp5sable to att5d to ! laws ( ,nature 9 ?is respect4 ,! numb] ( h5s to be all[$ to "o cock %\ld v>y ) ! object 9 view4 ,! limit = valuable bre$+ purposes has already be5 indicat$4 ,if pr(it is s\ght =1 9 ! production ( eggs alone1 "o cock--if a /\t1 "y1 & lively bird--may h z _m z tw5ty-f\r h5s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fight+ ,,cocks4 ,! *oice ( a cock is a v important ?+4 ,he is consid]$ to h e requisite quality :5 he is ( a good middl+ size2 c>ries 8 head high2 has a quick1 animat$ look2 a /rong & %rill voice2 a f9e r$ comb1 %9+ z if v>ni%$2 wattles ( a l>ge size1 & ( ! same color z ! comb2 ! brea/ broad2 ! w+s /rong2 ! plumage black or ( an obscure r$2 ! ?ighs v muscul>2 ! legs ?ick1 & furni%$ ) /rong spurs2 & ! claws r b5t & %>ply po9t$4 ,he ought1 also1 to be free 9 8 motions1 to cr[ frequ5tly1 & to scrat* ! gr\nd (t5 9 se>* ( worms1 n s mu* = himself z to treat 8 h5s4 ,he ought1 )al1 to be brisk1 spirit$1 ard5t1 & ready 9 c>ess+ ! h5s2 quick 9 def5d+ !m1 att5tive 9 solicit+ !m to eat1 9 keep+ !m toge!r1 & 9 assembl+ !m at night4 ,9 bre$+ game cocks1 ! qualities requir$ are e m>k ( p]fect heal?1 su* z a ruddy complexion2 ! fea!rs close1 %ort1 & n feel+ cold or dry2 ! fle% firm & compact2 & a full brea/1 betok5+ good lungs2 a tap]+ & ?9ness beh9d4 ,he %\ld be full 9 ! gir?1 well c\pl$1 l(ty & aspir+1 ) a good ?igh1 ! beam ( 8 leg v /rong1 ! eye l>ge & vivid1 & ! beak /rong1 crook$1 & ?ick at ! base4 ,a cock is 9 8 prime at two ye>s old2 ?\gh cocks are sometimes s precoci\s z to %[ e m>k ( full vigor at f\r mon?s1 :ile o!rs ( ! same brood d n appe> 9 t /ate = sev]al mon?s aft]w>d4 ,:5 m>ks ( decl9+ vigor are p]ceiv$1 ! cock mu/ be displac$1 to make way = a successor1 :i* %\ld be *os5 f among ! f9e/ & brave/ ( ! sup]num]>y "y cocks1 t ought to be re>$ = ?is special purpose4 ,! *ange ( cocks is ( mu* importance1 & is frequ5tly v tr\blesome to manage2 = peace does n long subsi/ betwe5 !m :5 !y hold a divid$ dom9ion 9 ! p\ltry-y>d1 s9ce !y are all actuat$ by a re/less1 jeal\s1 ha/y1 fi]y1 ard5t disposition2 & h5ce _! qu>rels become no less frequ5t ?an sangu9>y4 ,a battle soon succe$s to provocation or affront4 ,! two oppon5ts face ea* o!r1 _! fea!rs bri/l+ up1 _! necks /ret*$ out1 _! heads l[1 & _! beaks ready = ! onslaught4 ,!y obs]ve ea* o!r 9 sil5ce1 ) fix$ & sp>kl+ eyes4 ,on ! lea/ motion ( ei!r1 !y /& /iffly up1 & ru% furi\sly =w>d1 da%+ at ea* o!r ) beak & spur 9 repeat$ sallies1 till ! m p[]ful or ! m adroit has griev\sly torn ! comb & wattles ( 8 adv]s>y1 has ?r[n him d[n by ! heavy /roke ( 8 w+s1 or has /abb$ him ) 8 spurs4 ,9 ! *oice ( a h5 = sitt+1 a l>ge bird %\ld be select$1 ) l>ge1 wide-spread+ w+s4 ,?\gh l>ge1 %e mu/ n1 h[ev]1 be heavy nor leggy4 ,no "o ( judgm5t w\ld sit a ,malay2 z1 9 su* case1 n only w\ld _m eggs rema9 uncov]$1 b _m1 also1 w\ld be trampl$ ^u & brok54 ,eld]ly h5s w be m will+ to sit ?an "y & giddy pullets4 ,aft] ! common h51 :i*1 on acc\nt ( h] fecundity1 is des]v$ly e/eem$1 ! tuft$ h5s may be ju/ly rank$2 p>ticul>ly f be+ m delicate eat+1 because %e fatt5s m readily1 on acc\nt ( lay+ less4 ,! l>ge bre$1 ?\gh less prolific1 is pref]able 9 re>+ *ick5s = ! m>ket1 or = mak+ capons4 ,) reg>d to ^! ?ree k9ds1 ! g5]al op9ion ( bre$]s is1 t ! fir/ is m prolific 9 ! numb] ( eggs1 :ile ! o!rs produce l>g] *ick5s1 :i* br+ good prices4 ,! ,spani% f[l are n g5]ally good sitt]s1 b are excell5t lay]s2 ! ,dork+s rev]se ! ord]1 be+ bett] sitt]s ?an lay]s4 ,^! qualities w be f\nd to ext5d pretty g5]ally to h5s p>tak+ ( ! prevail+ colors ( ^! two v>ieties2 ! black be+ usually ! be/ lay]s1 & b c>eless or indiff]5t sitt]s1 :ile gray or *eck]$ h5s are ! be/ t c be produc$4 ,,fe$+4 ,exp]im5ts h demon/rat$ t :at may be call$ ! ga/ric juice 9 f[ls has n suffici5t p[] to dissolve _! food1 )\t ! aid ( ! gr9d+ action ( ! gizz>d4 ,be=e ! food is prep>$ = dige/ion1 !re=e1 ! gra9s mu/ be subject$ to a triturat+ process2 & su* z are n suffici5tly bruis$ 9 ?is mann]1 be=e pass+ into ! gizz>d1 are !re r$uc$ to ! prop] /ate1 by its natural action4 ,! action ( ! gizz>d is1 9 ?is respect1 me*anical2 ?is organ s]v+ z a mill to gr9d ! food to pieces1 & !n1 by means ( its p[]ful muscles1 press+ x gradually into ! inte/9es1 9 ! =m ( pulp4 ,! p[] ( ?is organ is said to be suffici5t to pulv]ize holl[ globules ( glass 9 a v %ort "t1 & solid masses ( ! same sub/ance 9 a few weeks4 ,! rapidity ( ?is process seems to be proportionate1 g5]ally1 to ! size ( ! bird4 ,a *ick51 = example1 breaks up su* sub/ances z are receiv$ into its /oma* less readily ?an ! capon2 :ile a goose p]=ms ! same op]ation soon] ?an ei!r4 ,ne$les1 & ev5 lancets1 giv5 to turkeys1 h be5 brok5 9 pieces & void$1 )\t any app>5t injury to ! /oma*4 ,! reason1 und\bt$ly1 is1 t ! l>g] species ( birds h ?ick] & m p[]ful organs ( dige/ion4 ,x has long be5 ! g5]al op9ion t1 f "s defici5cy 9 ! dige/ive app>atus1 f[ls are oblig$ to resort to ! use ( /ones & gravel1 9 ord] to enable !m to dispose ( ! food :i* !y consume4 ,"s h suppos$ t ! use ( ^! /ones is to %ea? ! gizz>d1 9 ord] to fit x to break into small] fragm5ts ! h>d1 angul> sub/ances :i* might be swall[$2 !y h also be5 consid]$ to h a m$ic9al effect2 o!rs h imag9$ t !y act$ z absorb5ts = undue quantities ( acids 9 ! /oma*1 or z /imulants to dige/ion2 :ile x has ev5 be5 gravely ass]t$ t !y contribute directly to nutrition4 ,repeat$ exp]im5ts1 h[ev]1 h e/abli%$ t pebbles are n at all necess>y to ! trituration ( ! h>de/ k9ds ( sub/ances :i* c be introduc$ into _! /oma*s2 &1 ( c\rse1 ! usual food ( f[ls c be bruis$ )\t _! aid4 ,!y d1 h[ev]1 s]ve a useful auxili>y purpose4 ,:5 put 9 motion by ! muscles1 !y are capable ( produc+ "s effects ^u ! cont5ts ( ! /oma*2 ?us assi/+ to gr9d d[n ! gra91 & sep>at+ its p>ts1 ! dige/ive fluid1 or ga/ric juice1 comes m readily 9 contact ) x4 ,,v>ieties ,,( ,,food4 ,f[ls ab\t a p\ltry-y>d c usually pick up a portion ( _! subsi/5ce1 &1 "u favorable circum/ances1 ! l>ge/ portion4 ,:5 s situat$1 ! keep+ ( p\ltry pays decid$ly ! be/4 ,! support ev5 ( p\ltry n design$ = fatt5+ %\ld n1 h[ev]1 be made to dep5d entirely ^u su* prec>i\s res\rces4 ,f[ls %\ld be f$ ) punctuality1 fai?fulness1 & discretion4 ,!y are fond ( all sorts ( gra9--su* z ,indian corn1 :eat1 oats1 rye1 buck:eat1 b>ley1 millet1 etc42 b _! p>ticul> pref]5ces are n s likely to guide 9 ! selection ( _! food1 z ! consid]ation ( :at is mo/ economical1 & easie/ to be procur$ on ! "p ( _! own]4 ,!y w readily eat mo/ k9ds ( vegetables 9 _! gre5 /ate1 bo? cook$ & raw4 ,!y likewise manife/ an incl9ation = animal food--su* z blood1 fi%1 & fle%--:e!r raw or o!rwise2 & seem by no means av]se to fe$+ on _! own species4 ,insects1 worms1 & snails !y w take ) avidity4 ,x is usual to give to dome/ic f[ls a quantity ( gra9 once1 at lea/1 daily2 b1 commonly1 9 less quantity ?an !y w\ld consume1 if unre/rict$4 ,!y fe$ ) great voracity2 b _! app>5t gre$9ess is n ! crit]ion by :i* ! possibility ( satisfy+ !m is to be judg$4 ,mod]ate quantities ( food w suffice2 & ! am\nt consum$ w usually be proportion$ to ! size ( ! individuals4 ,:atev] is *eape/1 at any giv5 "t1 may be giv51 )\t reg>d to any o!r consid]ations4 ,diff]5t circum/ances & diff]5t seasons may occasion a v>iation 9 _! appetite2 b a gill ( gra9 is1 g5]ally speak+1 ab\t ! usual daily portion4 ,"s v voraci\s f[ls1 ( ! l>ge/ size1 w ne$ ! all[ance ( a ?ird ( a p9t ea* day4 ,:eat is ! mo/ nutritive ( c]eal gra9s--)1 p]haps1 ! exception ( rice--z an article ( human food4 ,x is1 !re=e1 natural to suppose t x is ! be/ = f[ls2 & ! avidity ) :i* !y eat x w\ld induce ! conclusion t !y w\ld eat m ( ?is ?an ( any o!r gra94 ,yet x appe>s t :5 f[ls h z mu* :eat z !y c consume1 !y w eat ab\t a f\r? "p less ?an ( oats1 b>ley1 or buck:eat2 ! l>ge/ quantity ( :eat eat5 by a f[l 9 "o day be+1 accord+ to sev]al exp]im5ts1 ab\t ?ree-sixte5?s ( a p9t4 ,! diff]5ce 9 bulk is1 h[ev]1 comp5sat$ by ! diff]5ce 9 weight1 ^! ?ree-sixte5?s ( :eat weigh+ m ?an "o-f\r? ( a p9t ( oats4 ,! diff]5ce 9 weight is n1 9 e in/ance1 ! reason :y a f[l is satisfi$ ) a l>g] or small] measure ( "o sort ?an ano!r4 ,rye weighs less ?an :eat2 b /ill a f[l w be satisfi$ ) half ! quantity ( ?is gra94 ,indian corn ranks int]m$iately betwe5 :eat & rye2 five-f\r?s ( a p9t ( ,indian corn ) f[ls be+ f\nd1 by exp]im5t1 equal to six-f\r?s ( :eat1 & ?ree-f\r?s ( rye4 ,9 e/imat+ ! quantity ( gra9 daily consum$ by ! common f[l1 x is wise to use data a little above ?an bel[ ! av]age4 ,x may1 !re=e1 safely be said t a f[l ( ! common size1 hav+ free access to z mu* z c be eat5 ?r\gh ! day1 w consume1 day by day1 ( oats1 buck:eat1 or b>ley1 "o-f\r? ( a p9t2 ( :eat1 ?ree-sixte5?s2 ( ,indian corn1 five ?irty-seconds2 & ( rye1 ?ree ?irty-seconds4 ,x has be5 conclusively settl$1 by exp]im5ts in/itut$ to t end1 t !re is ! be/ economy 9 fe$+ p\ltry ) boil$ gra9 r ?an ) dry1 9 e case :]e ,indian corn1 b>ley1 & :eat c be procur$4 ,! exp5se ( fuel1 & ! additional tr\ble incid5t to ! process ( cook+1 are inconsid]able 9 comp>ison ) ! advantages d]iv$4 ,:]e oats1 buck:eat1 or rye are us$1 boil+ is useless1 :5 pr(it is conc]n$4 ,,bran4 ,x is an errone\s notion t money c be sav$ by fe$+ bran to f[ls2 s9ce1 !n1 s little ( ! f>9a ( ! gra9 rema9s 9 x1 t ! n\ri%m5t d]iv$ f its use is h>dly wor? m5tion+4 ,:5 boil$1 z x always mu/ be1 its bulk is b slightly increas$4 ,two measures ( dry bran1 mix$ ) wat]1 are equal to b ?ree-fif?s ( a measure ( dry b>ley4 ,,millet4 ,?is is recomm5d$ z excell5t food = "y *ick5s4 ,f[ls always pref] x raw2 ?\gh1 z its bulk is increas$ "o-half by boil+1 x is d\btless m economical to fe$ x cook$4 ,,rice4 ,f[ls are especially fond ( ?is food1 al?\gh !y soon lose _! reli% = x :5 all[$ to h x at _! discretion4 ,x %\ld always be boil$2 b its exp5se puts x out ( ! "q z a daily diet4 ,:5 us$ cont9u\sly1 x %\ld always be mix$ ) "s sub/ance conta9+ less nutritive matt]1 9 ord] t ! appetite may n be cloy$ by x4 ,,potatoes4 ,^! are v nutriti\s1 & are usually acceptable to f[ls1 :5 prop]ly prep>$4 ,:5 raw1 or 9 a cold /ate1 !y appe> to dislike !m2 !y %\ld1 !re=e1 be boil$ & giv5 :5 mod]ately hot2 :5 v hot1 x is said t f[ls w injure !mselves by eat+ !m1 & burn+ _! m\?s4 ,!y %\ld also be brok5 into pieces ( conv5i5t size2 o!rwise1 !y w be avoid$4 ,occasionally raw pieces ( potato w be dev\r$2 b f[ls _c be said to be fond ( ! root 9 ?is /ate4 ,! same rem>k applies to mo/ o!r roots1 especially to c>rots & p>snips2 ^! %\ld always be prep>$1 9 ord] to be :olesome & palatable4 ,f[ls %\ld nev] be conf9$ to a root diet1 9 any case2 b su* food %\ld be m+l$ or alt]nat$ ) a suffici5t quantity ( gra94 ,,gre5 ,,food4 ,indulg5ce 9 ?is k9d ( diet is absolutely necess>y to ! heal? ( f[ls1 & is also advantage\s 9 an economical po9t ( view4 ,! m delicate k9ds ( gre5 vegetables are eat5 ) ! utmo/ avidity2 all succul5t we$s1 grass1 & ! leaves ( trees & %rubs w also be consum$4 ,if h5s h gre5 plots to graze 9 dur+ ! day1 ! exp5se ( _! keep+ w be r$uc$ "o-half4 ,all ! refuse ( ! kit*51 ( a vegetable nature1 %\ld be freely ?r[n into ! p\ltry-y>d4 ,gre5 food1 h[ev]1 w n answ] = an exclusive diet4 ,exp]im5t has %[n t f[ls f$ ) ?is food alone = a few days toge!r exhibit sev]e symptoms ( relaxation ( ! b[els2 &1 aft] ! lapse ( eight or n9e days1 _! combs become pale & livid1 :i* is ! same indication ( disease 9 !m t pal5ess ( ! lips is 9 ! human species4 ,,e>?-,,worms4 ,^! are reg>d$ z delicacies by ! inhabitants ( ! p\ltry-y>d2 & ! individual :o is =tunate en\gh to capture "o is (t5 =c$ to und]go a sev]e ordeal 9 ord] to reta9 8 captive4 ,e>?-worms are m pl5tiful 9 moi/ l&1 su* z pa/ures1 etc41 ?an 9 t :i* is cultivat$2 9 g>d5s1 also1 !y exi/ 9 va/ numb]s4 ,:5 x is desirable to take worms 9 quantities1 x is only necess>y to ?ru/ a /ake or ?ree-prong$ =k into ! gr\nd1 to ! dep? ( ab\t a foot1 & to move x sudd5ly backw>d & =w>d1 9 ord] to %ake ! soil all ar\nd2 ! worms are in/9ctively t]rifi$ by any motion 9 ! gr\nd1 &1 :5 di/urb$1 ha/5 to ! surface4 ,x is advisable to /ore worms1 on acc\nt ( ! tr\ble & difficulty ( mak+ frequ5t collections4 ,!y may be plac$ 9 casks1 fill$ "o-?ird full ) e>?1 9 quantities at lea/ equal 9 bulk to ! e>?4 ,! e>? %\ld be spr9kl$ occasionally1 to prev5t x f becom+ too dry4 ,c>e %\ld1 h[ev]1 be ex]cis$ t ! e>? does n become too moi/2 s9ce1 9 su* an ev5t1 ! worms w p]i%4 ,9 ra9y wea!r1 ! casks %\ld be protect$ ) a cov]+4 ,,animal ,,food4 ,f[ls readily eat bo? fi% & fle% meat1 & h no reluctance to fe$+ ev5 on _! own k9d1 pick+ mu* m fai?fully ?an quadrup$s4 ,blood ( any k9d is e/eem$ by !m a delicacy2 & fi%1 ev5 :5 salt$1 is dev\r$ ) a reli%4 ,!y seem to be indiff]5t :e!r animal food is giv5 to !m 9 a cook$ or raw /ate2 ?\gh1 if any pref]5ce c be detect$1 x is = ! latt]4 ,!y are sometimes s gre$y t !y w attack ea* o!r 9 ord] to ta/e ! blood :i* fl[s f ! w\nds s inflict$2 & x is q common = !m1 9 ! m\lt+ season1 to gratify !mselves by pick+ at ! spr\t+ fea!rs on _! own bodies & ^? ( _! companions4 ,!y appe> to be p>tial to suet & fat2 b !y %\ld n be all[$ to dev\r ^! sub/ances 9 l>ge quantities1 on acc\nt ( _! t5d5cy to r5d] !m inconv5i5tly fat4 ,x is highly advantage\s to f[ls to all[ !m a reasonable quantity ( animal food = _! diet1 :i* %\ld be f$ to !m 9 small pieces1 bo? = safety & conv5i5ce4 ,bones & meat may be boil$2 & ! liquor1 :5 mix$ ) bran or meal1 is heal?y1 & n exp5sive4 ,,insects4 ,f[ls h a decid$ lik+ to flies1 beetles1 gras%opp]s1 & crickets2 & grubs1 cat]pill>s1 & maggots are held by !m 9 equal e/eem4 ,x is difficult1 h[ev]1 to supply ! p\ltry-y>d ) ?is species ( food 9 suffici5t quantity2 b en\gh may be provid$1 probably1 to s]ve z luxuries4 ,"s recomm5d t pailfuls ( blood %\ld be ?r[n on dunghills1 :]e f[ls are all[$ to run1 = ! purpose ( entic+ flies to deposit _! eggs2 :i*1 :5 hat*$1 produce sw>ms ( maggots = ! f[ls4 ,) ! same view1 any sort ( g>bage or (fal may be ?r[n out1 if ! dunghill is s situat$--z x always %\ld be--t its exhalations w n prove an annoyance4 ,,lay+4 ,! ord9>y productiv5ess ( a s+le individual ( ! family ( dome/ic f[ls is a/oni%+4 ,:ile few h5s are capable ( hat*+ m ?an fifte5 eggs1 & are incapable usually ( sitt+ m ?an twice 9 ! ye>1 frequ5t in/ances h occurr$ ( h5s lay+ ?ree hundr$ eggs annually1 :ile two hundr$ is ! av]age numb]4 ,"s h5s are accu/om$ to lay at long] int]vals ?an o!rs4 ,! habit ( "o v>iety is to lay once 9 ?ree days only2 o!rs w lay e o!r day2 & "s produce an egg daily4 ,! productiv5ess ( h5s dep5ds1 und\bt$ly1 ^u circum/ances1 to a great degree4 ,climate has a great influ5ce 9 ?is respect2 & _! lodg+ & food1 z well z ! c>e be/[$ ^u !m1 h m or less effect 9 promot+ or ob/ruct+ _! fecundity4 ,illu/ration3 ,,on ,,! ,,wat*4 ,!re seems to be1 naturally1 two p]iods ( ! ye> 9 :i* f[ls lay--e>ly 9 ! spr+1 & 9 ! summ]2 & ?is fact w\ld seem to indicate t1 if !y 7 left to !mselves1 l wild birds1 !y w\ld br+ =? two broods 9 a ye>4 ,! lay+ cont9ues1 ) few int]ruptions1 till ! close ( summ]1 :5 ! natural process ( m\lt+ causes !m to cease4 ,?is annual process comm5ces ab\t ,augu/1 & cont9ues ?r\gh ! ?ree foll[+ mon?s4 ,! con/itutional effect att5d+ ! beg9n+1 cont9uance1 & consequ5ces ( ?is p]iod--a v critical "o 9 ! case ( all fea!r$ animals--prev5ts !m f lay+1 until its v close1 :5 ! entire coat ( new fea!rs replaces ! old1 ! wa%+ ( ! nutritive juices1 yield$ by ! blood = ! express purpose ( promot+ ?is gr[?1 is a great dra9 ^u ! sy/em2 & ! con/itutional =ces1 :i* w\ld o!rwise assi/ 9 =m+ ! egg1 are r5d]$ inop]ative4 ,! approa* ( cold wea!r1 also1 at ! close ( ! m\lt+ p]iod1 contributes to ! same result4 ,z ! season ( m\lt+ is e ye> lat]1 ! old] ! h5 is1 ! lat] 9 ! spr+ %e w beg9 to lay4 ,z pullets1 on ! contr>y1 d n m\lt ! fir/ ye>1 !y comm5ce lay+ soon] ?an ! eld] h5s2 & x is possible1 by judici\s & c>eful managem5t1 s to arrange1 9 a collection ( p\ltry tol]ably num]\s1 z to h eggs ?r\gh\t ! ye>4 ,x is a s+ul> fact t pullets hat*$ v late 9 autumn1 & !re=e ( /unt$ gr[?1 w lay ne>ly z e>ly z ^? hat*$ 9 spr+4 ,! *eck+ ( _! gr[? seems to h a t5d5cy to produce eggs2 ( c\rse1 v t9y ones at fir/4 ,:5 a h5 is ne> to ! "t ( lay+1 h] comb & wattles *ange f _! previ\s dull hue to a bright r$1 :ile ! eye becomes m bright1 ! gait m spirit$1 & %e occasionally cackles = ?ree or f\r days4 ,^! signs r>ely prove false2 & :5 ! "t comes t %e desires to lay1 %e appe>s v re/less1 go+ backw>d & =w>d1 visit+ e nook & corn]1 cackl+ mean:ile1 z if displeas$ because %e _c suit h]self ) a conv5i5t ne/4 ,n hav+ look$ out = "o previ\sly1 %e r>ely succe$s 9 pleas+ h]self till ! mom5t comes :5 %e c no long] t>ry1 :5 %e is compell$ to *oose "o ( ! boxes or baskets provid$ = ?is purpose 9 ! p\ltry-h\se1 :]e %e settles h]self 9 sil5ce & lays4 ,9 "s in/ances1 a h5 w make *oice ( a p>ticul> ne/ 9 :i* to lay1 & :5 %e f9ds1 ^u desir+ to lay1 t ?is is pre-occupi$ by ano!r h51 %e w wait till x is vacat$2 b1 9 o!r cases1 h5s w g into any ne/ :i* !y f9d1 pref]r+1 = ! mo/ "p1 ^? hav+ ! greate/ numb] ( eggs4 ,! process ( lay+ is1 mo/ probably1 r pa9ful1 ?\gh ! h5 does n indicate ?is by h] cries2 b ! in/ant %e has done %e leaves ! ne/1 & utt]s h] joy by peculi>ly l\d notes1 :i* are re-e*o$ by ! cock1 z well z by "s ( ! o!r h5s4 ,"s h5s1 h[ev]1 leave ! ne/ 9 sil5ce1 aft] lay+4 ,x seems ev] to h be5 an object ( great importance1 9 an economical po9t ( view1 to secure ! lay+ ( h5s dur+ ^? p>ts ( ! ye> :51 if left to !mselves1 !y are indispos$ to deposit _! eggs4 ,= ?is purpose _m me?ods h be5 devis$1 ! mo/ ( :i* embrace an increase ( ri* & /imulat+ food4 ,"s recomm5d %utt+ h5s up 9 a w>m place dur+ w9t]1 & giv+ !m boil$ potatoes1 turnips1 c>rots1 & p>snips4 ,o!rs assign z ! reason = _! n lay+ 9 w9t]1 9 "s climates1 t ! e>? is cov]$ ) sn[1 s t !y c f9d no gr\nd1 or o!r calc>e\s matt]1 to =m ! %ells2 & advise1 !re=e1 t bones ( meat or p\ltry %\ld be p\nd$ & giv5 to !m1 ei!r mix$ ) _! food1 or by itself1 :i* !y w gre$ily eat4 ,^u ! :ole1 x w\ld seem t ! mo/ feasible means ( obta9+ fre% eggs dur+ ! w9t] is to h "y h5s--pullets hat*$ only ! previ\s spr+ be+ ! be/--to use extreme lib]ality 9 fe$+1 & to cauti\sly ab/a9 f ov]-/ock+ ! p\ltry-y>d4 ,z s]viceable food to increase lay+1 scraps ( animal food1 giv5 two or ?ree times a week1 answ] admirably2 ! be/ mode ( do+ s is ?r[+ d[n a bullock's liv]1 leav+ x ) !m1 & p]mitt+ !m to pick x at w2 ?is is bett] raw ?an boil$4 ,lights1 or guts1 or any o!r animal refuse1 w be f\nd to answ] ! same purpose2 b ^! sub/ances require1 or1 at all ev5ts1 are bett] =1 boil+4 ,cay5ne pepp]--9 fact all descriptions ( pepp]1 b especially cay5ne pepp] 9 pods--is a favorite food ) f[ls2 &1 be+ a p[]ful /imulant1 x promotes lay+4 ,an abundant supply ( lime1 9 "s =m1 %\ld n be omitt$2 ei!r *opp$ bones1 old mort>1 or a lump ( *alky m>l4 ,! %ell ( e egg us$ 9 ! h\se %\ld be r\ghly cru%$ & ?r[n d[n to ! h5s1 :i* w gre$ily eat !m4 ,a gre51 liv+ turf w be ( s]vice1 bo? = its grass & ! insects x may conta94 ,a du/+-place1 :]e9 to get rid ( v]m91 is indisp5sable4 ,a daily hot meal ( potatoes1 boil$ z c>efully z = ! family table1 !n *opp$1 & spr9kl$ or mix$ ) bran1 w be com=table & /imulat+4 ,aft] e meal ( ! h\sehold1 ! bones & o!r scraps %\ld be collect$ & ?r[n out4 ,z to ! numb] ( eggs1 ! v>ieties :i* possess ! greate/ fecundity are ! ,%anghaes1 ,gueld]l&s1 ,dork+s1 ,poli%1 & ,spani%4 ,! ,pol& & ,spani% lay ! l>ge/ eggs2 ! ,dork+s1 eggs ( good size2 :ile ! ,game & ! small] k9ds produce only small eggs4 ,^? eggs :i* h ! brighte/ yolks are ! f9e/ flavor$2 & ?is is usually ! case ) ! small] k9ds4 ,! l>ge eggs ( ! l>g] v>ieties (t5 h yolks ( a pale color1 & are inf]ior 9 flavor4 ,,pres]vation ,,( ,,eggs4 ,eggs1 aft] be+ laid1 lose daily1 by transpiration1 a portion ( ! matt] :i* !y conta91 not)/&+ ! compact texture ( _! %ell1 & ( ! close tissue ( ! flexible membranes l9+ ! %ell1 & envelop+ ! :ite4 ,:5 an egg is fre%1 x is full1 )\t any vacancy2 & ?is is a matt] ( common obs]vation1 :e!r x be brok5 raw1 or :5 x is ei!r s(t or h>d-boil$4 ,9 all /ale eggs1 on ! contr>y1 !re is uni=mly m or less vacancy1 proportion$ to ! loss !y h su/a9$ by transpiration2 h5ce1 9 ord] to judge ( ! fre%ness ( an egg1 x is usual to hold x up to ! light1 :5 ! transp>5cy ( ! %ell makes x appe> :e!r or n !re is any vacancy 9 ! upp] portion1 z well z :e!r ! yolk & :ite are m+l$ & muddy1 by ! rott+ & bur/+ ( _! envelop+ membranes4 ,! transpiration ( eggs1 besides1 is proportional to ! temp]ature 9 :i* !y are plac$1 cold ret>d+ & heat promot+ ! process2 h5ce1 by keep+ fre%-la9 eggs 9 a cool cell>1 or1 bett] /ill1 9 an ice-h\se1 !y w transpire less1 & be pres]v$ = a long] p]iod s\nd1 ?an if !y are kept 9 a w>m place1 or expos$ to ! sun's light1 :i* has also a good effect 9 promot+ ! exhalation ( moi/ure4 ,z1 !re=e1 f]m5tation & putridity c only take place by communication ) ! air at a mod]ate temp]ature1 su* connection mu/ be exclud$ by clos+ ! pores ( ! %ell4 ,x is an indisp5sable condition ( ! mat]ial us$ = ?is purpose1 t x %all be incapable ( be+ dissolv$ by ! moi/ure transpir$ f ! int]ior4 ,spirits ( w9e v>ni%1 made ) lac1 answ]s ! requirem5t2 ?is is n v exp5sive1 b is r an uncommon article 9 c\ntry places1 :]e eggs are mo/ abundantly produc$4 ,a bett] mat]ial is a mixture ( mutton & beef suet1 :i* %\ld be melt$ toge!r ov] a sl[ fire1 & /ra9$ ?r\gh a l95 clo? into an e>!n pan4 ,! *ief advantage 9 ! use ( ?is is1 t ! eggs rubb$ ov] ) x w boil z quickly z if no?+ _h be5 done to !m1 ! fat melt+ (f z soon z !y t\* ! wat]4 ,! transpiration is z effectually /opp$ by ! ?9ne/ lay] ( fat z by a ?ick coat+1 provid$ t no s5sible ve/ige be left on ! surface ( ! %ell4 ,all sorts ( fat1 grease1 or oil are well adapt$ to ?is purpose2 by means ( butt]1 hog's l>d1 olive oil1 & simil> sub/ances1 eggs maybe pres]v$ = n9e mon?s z fre% z ! day ^u :i* !y 7 laid4 ,ano!r me?od is1 to dip ea* egg into melt$ pork-l>d1 rubb+ x into ! %ell ) ! f+]1 & pack !m 9 old fig-drums1 or butt] firk9s1 sett+ e egg upright1 ) ! small end d[nw>d4 ,or1 ! eggs may be pack$ 9 ! same way 9 an upright e>!n pan2 !n cut "s r\gh %eep's tall[1 procur$ ! same day t ! animal is kill$1 into small pieces1 & melt x d[n2 /ra9 x f ! scraps1 & p\r x :ile w>m1 n hot1 ov] ! eggs 9 ! j> till !y are completely cov]$4 ,:5 all is cold & firm1 set ! vessel 9 a cool1 dry place till ! cont5ts are want$4 ,eggs w also keep well :5 pres]v$ 9 salt1 by arrang+ !m 9 a b>rel1 fir/ a lay] ( salt1 !n a lay] ( eggs1 alt]nately4 ,?is c1 h[ev]1 also act me*anically1 l bran or saw-du/1 s long z ! salt cont9ues dry2 =1 9 t case1 ! *lor9e1 :i* is ! antiseptic pr9ciple ( ! salt1 is n evolv$4 ,:5 ! salt1 h[ev]1 becomes damp1 its pres]vative pr9ciple w be br\ght into action1 & may p5etrate ?r\gh ! pores ( ! %ell4 ,imm]s+ eggs 9 vitriol1 or sulphuric acid1 is likewise a v effectual means ( pres]v+ !m2 ! sulphuric acid acts *emically ^u ! c>bonate ( lime 9 ! %ell1 by sett+ free ! c>bonic acid gas1 :ile x unites ) ! lime1 & =ms sulphate ( lime1 or pla/] ( ,p>is4 ,ano!r me?od is1 to mix toge!r a bu%el ( quick-lime1 two p\nds ( salt1 & eight ounces ( cream ( t>t>1 add+ a suffici5t quantity ( wat]1 s t eggs may be plung$ into ! pa9t4 ,:5 a pa/e is made ( ?is consi/5ce1 ! eggs are put into x1 & may be kept fre%1 x is said1 = two ye>s4 ,ano!r me?od ( pres]v+ eggs a long :ile fre%1 dep5ds ^u a v diff]5t pr9ciple4 ,eggs t h n be5 r5d]$ reproductive by ! cock h be5 f\nd to cont9ue v uncorrupt$4 ,9 ord]1 !re=e1 to h eggs keep fre% f spr+ to ! middle or ev5 to ! end ( ,w9t]1 x is only necess>y to deprive ! h5s ( all communication ) ! cocks1 = at lea/ a mon? be=e ! eggs are put away4 ,x ought n to be ov]look$1 9 ?is connection1 t eggs n only spoil by ! transpiration ( _! moi/ure & ! putrid f]m5tation ( _! cont5ts1 9 consequ5ce ( air p5etrat+ ?r\gh ! pores ( ! %ell1 b also by be+ mov$ ab\t & jo/l$1 :5 c>ri$ to a di/ance by sea or l&4 ,any k9d ( r\gh motion1 inde$1 ruptures ! membranes :i* keep ! :ite1 ! yolk1 & ! g]m ( ! *ick5 9 _! appropriate places2 &1 ^u ^! be+ mix$1 putrefaction is promot$4 ,,*oice ,,( ,,eggs ,,= ,,sett+4 ,eggs = hat*+ %\ld be z fre% z possible2 if laid ! v same day1 s mu* ! bett]4 ,?is is n always possible :5 a p>ticul> /ock is requir$2 b1 if a num]\s & heal?y brood is all t is want$1 ! mo/ rec5t eggs %\ld be select$4 ,eggs may be kept = ?is purpose 9 ei!r ( ! ways fir/ m5tion$2 or !y may be plac$ on _! po9ts 9 a box1 9 a cool1 dry place2 ! temp]ature ab\t sixty or sixty-five1 ,fahr5heit2 ! bottom ( ! box %\ld be cov]$ ) a lay] ( :eat bran1 !n a lay] ( eggs put 91 & cov]$ ) bran2 & s on1 alt]nat+4 ,9 ?is mode1 evaporation is prev5t$1 & ! eggs are almo/ z c]ta9 to hat* out1 at ! end ( six weeks1 or ev5 two mon?s1 z :5 !y 7 laid4 ,x is difficult to fix ! exact t]m dur+ :i* ! vitality ( an egg rema9s unext+ui%$2 z x1 unque/ionably1 v>ies f ! v fir/1 accord+ to ! vigor ( ! p>5ts ( ! inclos$ g]m1 & fades away gradually till ! f9al mom5t ( non-exi/5ce4 ,! *ick5s 9 /ale eggs h n suffici5t /r5g? to extricate !mselves f ! %ell2 if assi/$1 ! yolk is f\nd to be p>tially absorb$ into ! abdom51 or n at all2 !y are too fa9t to /&2 ! muscles ( ! neck are unable to lift _! heads1 mu* less to peck2 & al?\gh !y may sometimes be sav$ by extreme c>e1 _! usual fate is to be trampl$ to dea? by ! "m1 if !y d n expire almo/ z soon z !y beg9 to draw _! brea?4 ,?ick-%ell$ eggs1 l ^? ( geese1 ,gu9ea f[ls1 etc41 w reta9 life long] ?an ?9-%ell$ ones1 z ^? ( h5s & ducks4 ,:5 *oice eggs are expect$ to be laid1 x is m prud5t to h ! h5 :i* is to sit ^u !m wait = !m1 ?an to keep o!r eggs wait+ = h]4 ,a good sitt] may be amus$ = two or ?ree weeks ) a few addle-eggs1 & s be ready to take *>ge ( ^? ( value imm$iately ^u _! arrival4 ,z to ! *oice ( eggs = hat*+1 su* %\ld be tak51 ( c\rse1 z are believ$ to h be5 r5d]$ productive4 ,^? ( m$ium size--! av]age size t ! h5 lays--are mo/ apt to fulfil ?is requirem5t4 ,a v fair judgm5t may be =m$ ( eggs f _! specific gravity2 su* z d n s9k to ! bottom 9 a b[l ( tepid wat] %\ld be reject$4 ,! old-"t notion1 t small1 r\nd eggs produce females1 & long1 po9t$ ones males--orig9ally appli$1 by ! anci5ts1 to eat+ r ?an hat*+ purposes--may be consid]$ explod$4 ,! h5 t lays "o r\nd egg1 cont9ues to lay all h] eggs r\nd2 & ! h5 t lays "o oblong1 lays all oblong4 ,accord+ to ?is !ory1 !n1 "o h5 w\ld be ! p]petual "m ( cocks1 & ano!r ! p]petual produc] ( pullets2 :i* is absurd1 z daily exp]i5ce proves4 ,! same fate has be5 met$ out to t o!r v5]able te/ ( sex1 ! position ( ! air-bag at ! blunt end ( ! %ell4 ,if ! vacancy is a little on "o side1 x w produce a h52 if x is exactly 9 ! c5tre1 a cock4 ,^u ?is assumption1 ! cock %\ld be a v r>e bird2 s9ce !re are v few eggs inde$ 9 :i* ! air bottle is exactly conc5tric ) ! axis ( ! egg4 ,9 _m bre$s1 on ! contr>y1 ! cock]els be> a proportion ( at lea/ "o-?ird1 & sometimes two-?irds1 especially 9 ^? hat*$ dur+ w9t]1 or 9 unfavorable seasons2 ! imm$iate cause1 d\btless1 be+ t ! eggs produc+ a m robu/ sex possess a /rong] vitality4 ,nor are ^! two alleg$ te/s--! %ape ( ! egg1 & ! position ( ! air-tube--consi/5t ) ea* o!r2 =1 if ! r\nd egg produces a pullet1 & an egg ) ! air-bag a little on "o side does ! same1 !n all r\nd eggs %\ld h ! air bag 9 t position1 or "o te/ contradicts ! o!r2 & ! same argum5t applies to ! long or oval egg4 ,! exam9ation ( a few eggs by ! light ( a c&le w satisfy any "o t ! position ( ! air-bag diff]s z mu* 9 a long egg z x does 9 a r\nd4 ,!re are1 inde$1 no kn[n means ( det]m9+ be=eh& ! sex ( f[l2 except1 p]haps1 t cocks may be m likely to issue f l>ge eggs1 & h5s f small ones4 ,z1 h[ev]1 ! egg ( ea* h5 may be recogniz$1 ! means are accessible ( propagat+ f ^? p>5ts ^: race x is judg$ mo/ desirable to cont9ue4 ,,incubation4 ,! h5 manife/s ! desire ( incubation 9 a mann] diff]5t f t ( any o!r kn[n bird4 ,nature hav+ be5 suffici5tly task$ 9 "o direction1 %e becomes fev]i%1 & loses fle%2 h] comb is livid2 h] eyes are dull2 %e bri/les h] fea!rs to intimidate an imag9>y enemy2 &1 z if h] *ick5s 7 already ar\nd h]1 utt]s ! mat]nal cluck4 ,:5 ! det]m9ation to sit becomes fix$--x is n necess>y to imm$iately gratify ! fir/ fa9t incl9ations--! ne/ :i* %e has select$ %\ld be well clean$1 & fill$ ) fre% /raw4 ,! numb] ( eggs to be all[$ w dep5d ^u ! season1 & ^u ! size ( egg & h54 ,! wise/ plan is n to be too gre$y2 ! numb] ( *ick5s hat*$ is (t5 9 inv]se proportion to ! numb] ( eggs set--five h only be5 obta9$ f sixte54 ,an odd numb] is1 h[ev]1 to be pref]r$1 z be+ bett] adapt$ to cov]+ 9 ! ne/4 ,h5s w1 9 g5]al1 well cov] f elev5 to ?irte5 eggs laid by !mselves4 ,a bantam may be tru/$ ) ab\t half a doz5 eggs ( a l>ge bre$1 su* z ! ,spani%4 ,a h5 ( ! l>ge/ size z a ,dork+1 w successfully hat*1 at ! mo/1 five goose-eggs4 ,:5 h5s are det]m9$ to sit at seasons ( ! ye> at :i* !re is little *ance ( br++ up *ick5s1 ! eggs ( ducks or geese may be furni%$ h]2 ! "y may be re>$1 ) a little pa9/ak+1 at any "t ( ! ye>4 ,! autumnal lay+ ( ! ,*9a & ( ! common goose is v valuable = ?is purpose4 ,turkey-h5s frequ5tly h ?is fit ( unseasonable incubation4 ,:]e1 h[ev]1 x is inconv5i5t to gratify ! desire1 "o or two doses ( jalap w (t5 entirely remove x2 & f[ls (t5 lay 9 ?ree weeks aft]w>d4 ,"s place ! w\ld-be sitt] 9 an avi>y1 = f\r or five days at mo/1 & fe$ h] b sp>+ly2 f ! comm5cem5t ( h] conf9em5t1 %e w gradually leave (f cluck+1 & :5 ?is has ceas$1 %e may be aga9 set free1 )\t manife/+ ! lea/ desire to take to ! ne/ aga91 & 9 a %ort "t ! h5 w comm5ce lay+ ) r5ew$ vigor4 ,! b>b>\s measures sometimes resort$ to %\ld be fr[n$ ^u by e p]son ) humane feel+s4 ,?ree weeks is ! p]iod ( incubation2 ?\gh *ick5s are sometimes exclud$ on ! eighte5? day4 ,:5 ! h5 does n sit close = ! fir/ day or two1 or 9 e>ly spr+1 x w occasionally be "s h\rs long]2 :5 ! h5 is assidu\s1 & ! wea!r hot1 ! "t w be a trifle %ort]4 ,*ick5s h be5 kn[n to come out z late z ! tw5ty-sev5? day4 ,x may n be un9t]e/+ to note ! *anges :i* ! egg passes ?r\gh 9 hat*+4 ,9 twelve h\rs1 traces ( ! head & body ( ! *ick5 may be disc]n$2 at ! end ( ! second day1 x assumes ! =m ( a horse-%oe1 b no r$ blood z yet is se52 at ! fiftie? h\r1 two vesicles ( blood1 ! rudim5ts ( ! he>t1 may be di/+ui%$1 "o resembl+ a noose fold$ d[n on itself1 & pulsat+ di/9ctly2 at ! end ( sev5ty h\rs1 ! w+s may be se51 &1 9 ! head1 ! bra9 & ! bill1 9 ! =m ( bubbles2 t[>d ! end ( ! f\r? day1 ! he>t is m completely =m$2 & on ! fif? day1 ! liv] is disc]nible2 at ! end ( "o hundr$ & ?irty h\rs1 ! fir/ volunt>y motions may be obs]v$2 9 sev5 h\rs m1 ! lungs & /oma* appe>2 &1 9 f\r h\rs aft] ?is1 ! inte/9es1 ! lo9s1 & ! upp] jaw4 ,at ! end ( ! "o hundr$ & =ty-f\r? h\r1 two drops ( blood are obs]vable 9 ! he>t1 :i* is also fur!r develop$2 &1 on ! sev5? day1 ! bra9 exhibits "s consi/5ce4 ,at ! "o hundr$ & n9etie? h\r1 ! bill op5s1 & ! muscul> fle% appe>s on ! brea/2 9 f\r h\rs m1 ! brea/ bone is se52 &1 9 six h\rs aft]w>d1 ! ribs may be obs]v$ =m+ f ! back4 ,at ! expiration ( two hundr$ & ?irty-six h\rs1 ! bill assumes a gre5 color1 &1 if ! *ick5 be tak5 out ( ! egg1 x w visibly move4 ,at two hundr$ & sixty-f\r h\rs1 ! eyes appe>2 at two hundr$ & eighty-eight h\rs1 ! ribs are p]fect2 & at ?ree hundr$ & ?irty-"o h\rs1 ! sple5 approa*es ne> to ! /oma*1 & ! lungs to ! *e/2 at ! end ( ?ree hundr$ & fifty-five h\rs1 ! bill frequ5tly op5s & %uts4 ,at ! end ( ! eighte5? day1 ! fir/ cry ( ! *ick5 is he>d2 & x gradually acquires m /r5g?1 till x is enabl$ to release itself f conf9em5t4 ,aft] ! h5 has set a week1 ! f]tility ( ! eggs may be satisfactorily asc]ta9$ by tak+ a ?9 bo>d ) a small orifice 9 x1 plac+ a c&le at ! back1 & hold+ up ea* egg to ! po9ts ( light4 ,! b>r5 eggs may !n be remov$1 & us$1 h>d-boil$1 = "y *ick5s4 ,"s res]ve ?is = ! elev5? or twelf? day4 ,ab\t ! tw5ty-fir/ day1 ! *ick5 is exclud$ f ! egg2 = ! purpose ( break+ ! %ell ( :i* x is furni%$ ) a horny-po9t$ scale1 greatly h>d] ?an ! bill itself1 at ! upp] tip ( ! bill--a scale :i* falls (f1 or becomes absorb$1 aft] ! *ick5 is two or ?ree days old4 ,! *ick5 is roll$ up 9 ! egg 9 ! =m ( a ball1 ) its =ep>t t[>d ! highe/ end1 & its beak upp]mo/1 ! h>d scale ne>ly t\*+ ! %ell4 ,! fir/ few /rokes ( ! *ick5's beak produce a small crack1 r ne>] ! l>g] ?an ! small] end ( ! egg1 & ! egg is said to be *ipp$4 ,f ! fir/ crack1 ! *ick5 turns gradually r\nd1 f left to "r1 *ipp+ ! %ell z x turns1 9 a circul> mann]1 nev] obliquely4 ,all d n succe$ 9 produc+ ! result 9 ! same "t2 "s be+ able to complete ! "w )9 an h\r1 & o!rs tak+ two or ?ree h\rs1 :ile half a day is mo/ usually employ$1 & "s require tw5ty-f\r h\rs or m1 b r>ely two days4 ,"s h great] ob/acles to ov]come ?an o!rs1 all %ells n be+ alike 9 ?ickness & h>dness4 ,:5 *ick5s d n effect _! escape easily1 "s little assi/ance is ne$$2 b ! difficulty is to "k :5 to give x1 z a ra% attempt to help !m1 by break+ ! %ell1 p>ticul>ly 9 a d[nw>d direction t[>d ! small] end1 is (t5 foll[$ by a loss ( blood1 :i* c ill be sp>$4 ,x is bett] n to int]f]e1 until x is app>5t t a "p ( ! brood h be5 hat*$ = "s "t1 say twelve h\rs1 & t ! re/ _c succe$ 9 mak+ _! appe>ance4 ,x w !n g5]ally be f\nd t ! :ole fluid cont5ts ( ! egg1 yolk & all1 are tak5 up into ! body ( ! *ick51 & t weakness alone has prev5t$ its =c+ itself out4 ,! causes ( su* weakness are v>i\s2 sometimes1 insuffici5t w>m?1 f ! h5 hav+ set on too _m eggs2 sometimes ! orig9al feebl5ess ( ! vital sp>k2 b1 mo/ frequ5tly1 ! /al5ess ( ! eggs employ$ = incubation4 ,! *ances ( re>+ su* *ick5s are small2 b1 if !y survive ! fir/ tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 !y may be consid]$ z safe4 ,! only ?+ to be done is to take !m f ! h5 till %e is settl$ at night1 keep+ !m 9 ! mean:ile z snug & w>m z possible4 ,if a g5tle h& c p]suade a cru/ ( bread d[n _! ?roats1 x w d no h>m2 b all r\gh & clumsy manipulation w utt]ly defeat ! end 9 view4 ,animal heat w be _! greate/ re/orative4 ,at night1 !y %\ld be quietly slipp$ "u _! "m2 ! next morn+ w disclose ! sequel4 ,! p]iod ( incubation 9 ! ,gu9ea f[l is tw5ty-eight days1 or "o mon?2 9 ! pea f[l1 f tw5ty-sev5 to tw5ty-n9e days2 9 turkeys1 a mon?2 9 ducks1 ?irty or ?irty-"o days2 & 9 geese1 f tw5ty-sev5 to ?irty days4 ,,incubation ,,( ,,turkeys4 ,:5 ! turkey h5 has once select$ a spot = h] ne/1 %e w cont9ue to lay !re till ! "t = incubation2 s t ! egg may be br\ght home f day to day1 !re be+ no ne$ ( a ne/-egg1 z ) ! dome/ic f[l4 ,%e w lay f fifte5 to tw5ty eggs1 m or less4 ,if !re are any dead leaves or dry grass at h&1 %e w cov] h] eggs ) ^!2 b if n1 %e w take no tr\ble to collect !m f a di/ance4 ,h] det]m9ation to sit w be kn[n by h] con/antly rema9+ on ! ne/1 ?\gh x is empty2 &1 z x is seldom 9 a position suffici5tly secure aga9/ ! wea!r or pilf]]s1 a ne/ %\ld be prep>$ = h]1 by plac+ "s /raw1 ) h] eggs1 on ! floor ( a conv5i5t out-build+4 ,%e %\ld !n be br\ght home1 & g5tly & k9dly plac$ ^u x4 ,) ! smalle/ v>ieties1 ?irte5 eggs w suffice2 a l>ge h5 might cov] m4 ,at ! end ( a week1 x is usual to add "s f[ls' eggs2 ! activity ( ! *ick5s excites "s emulation 9 ! l>g] bre?r51 & ! eggs take up b little room 9 ! ne/4 ,"s believe x necess>y to turn ! eggs once a day2 b ! h5 h]self does t _m times daily4 ,if ! eggs are m>k$1 & _! position notic$ :5 %e leaves ! ne/1 !y w nev] be f\nd 9 ! same ord]4 ,9 ab\t f\r weeks1 ! "y w be hat*$4 ,,incubation ,,( ,,geese4 ,geese bre$ 9 g5]al only once a ye>2 b1 if well kept1 !y sometimes hat* twice a season4 ,dur+ ! sitt+1 9 sections :]e ! mo/ att5tion is paid to bre$+ !m1 ea* bird has a space allott$ to x1 9 r[s ( wick]-p5s1 plac$ "o above ano!r1 & ! p]son 9 *>ge ( !m drives ! :ole flock to wat] ?ree times a day1 &1 br++ !m back to _! habitations1 places ea* bird 9 its own ne/4 ,! mo/ successful bre$]s ( ,brem5 geese adopt ! foll[+ me?od3 ,! birds are1 9 ! fir/ place1 c>efully & prop]ly f$2 ! eggs are remov$ e day 9 ! g5tle/ mann] f ! ne/1 & plac$ 9 a basket ( cotton kept 9 a mod]ate temp]ature1 & free f damp4 ,:5 all ! geese beg9 to sit /eadily1 ea* is furni%$ ) a ne/ compos$ ( *opp$ /raw2 & c>e is tak5 t x is suffici5tly capaci\s4 ,n m ?an "o ( ! geese is all[$ to leave ! eggs at a "t4 ,z soon z "o leaves1 %e makes a cackl+ noise1 :i* is ! signal = ! att5dant to %ut up ! boxes 9 :i* ! o!rs are sitt+4 ,^! are made some:at l a dog-k5nel1 ) a ro( pit*$ bo? ways2 & are ?irty in*es long1 by tw5ty-f\r wide1 & tw5ty-f\r high2 ! door is 9 ! end1 & is cov]$ by a slid+ panel1 :i* moves upw>d1 :5 egress or +ress is s\ght1 & may be %ut d[n at pleasure4 ,! goose1 ^u return+1 f9ds only h] own box op54 ,:5 %e re-ent]s h] box1 ! :ole ( ! doors are aga9 op5$1 & ! same rule obs]v$ ?r\gh\t ! p]iod ( hat*+4 ,9 ?is way1 ea* goose is kept to its own ne/4 ,,re>+ ,,( ,,! ,,"y4 ,= ab\t tw5ty-f\r h\rs aft] bir?1 ! *ick5s c n only d well en\gh )\t any extrane\s n\ri%m5t1 b w be f> m likely to ?rive subsequ5tly1 if let alone1 ?an if cramm$ or incit$ to eat prematurely4 ,m *ick5s are de/roy$ by ov]-fe$+ ?an are lo/ by ! want ( x4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 well to turn !m 9 among o!r *ick5s t already fe$ !mselves2 !y w1 9 su* cases1 g5]ally foll[ ! example ( ! re/1 & pick away at :atev] is ar\nd4 ,illu/ration3 ,,m>quee ,,or ,,t5t-,,%ad$ ,,coops4 ,a roomy1 bo>d$ coop1 9 a dry1 sunny spot1 is ! be/ position = !m dur+ ! fir/ mon?2 aft] :i* x may be left op5 dur+ ! day1 = ! h5 to retire to :5 %e pleases4 ,9 quiet grassy places1 x is sc>cely necess>y to coop ! h5 at all4 ,z to food1 !y may h e ?+ :i* is n absolutely poison\s2 ?\gh if wet food is giv51 ! *ick5 is ?us oblig$ to take wat]1 :e!r x requires x or n1 9 ord] to get a suffici5t supply ( solid food1 & diseas$ b[els w be likely to foll[2 :]eas1 if ! food is dry1 !y c supply !mselves ) food & wat] accord+ to _! pleasure4 ,if ,indian meal is well boil$1 & f$ n too moi/1 x w answ] a v good purpose1 p>ticul>ly aft] !y are eight or t5 days old4 ,pure wat] mu/ be plac$ ne> !m 9 su* a mann] z to enable !m to dr9k )\t gett+ into ! wat]1 :i*1 by wett+ _! fea!rs1 b5umbs & injures !m4 ,meat & insect diet are almo/ necess>y2 b1 :atev] ! food1 ! meals mu/ be giv5 at %ort int]vals2 z mu* z !y c swall[1 & z (t5 z !y c eat4 ,) all _! indu/ry1 !y are only half-clad till fle% & bone /op gr[+ = a :ile1 & all[ d[n & fea!rs to ov]take !m4 ,*ick5s %\ld n be let out ( _! coops too e>ly 9 ! morn+1 or :il/ ! dew is on ! gr\nd2 /ill less %\ld !y be suff]$ to range ov] ! wet grass1 :i* is a common cause ( disease & dea?4 ,!y %\ld also be gu>d$ aga9/ sudd5 unfavorable *anges ( ! wea!r1 m p>ticul>ly if att5d$ ) ra94 ,ne>ly all ! diseases ( gall9ace\s f[ls arise f cold moi/ure4 ,! p]iod at :i* !y are left to %ift = !mselves dep5ds ^u ! disposition ( ! h54 ,"s w cont9ue _! att5tions to _! *ick5s till !y are ne>ly full-gr[n1 :ile o!rs w ca/ !m (f mu* e>li]4 ,9 ! latt] case1 an eye %\ld be kept ^u !m = a few days2 = *ick5s 9 ?is half-gr[n /ate are mu* m liable to disease ?an :5 !y 7 app>5tly t5d] little weakl+s1 cr[d$ "u _! "m's w+s4 ,!y %\ld be kept 9 a dry1 w>m1 place2 dryness is especially necess>y4 ,if ! *ick5s fea!r rapidly :5 v "y--z is ! case ) ! ,gold5 ,pheasant1 ,black ,pol&1 ,gueld]l&1 & "s o!rs--!y are always weakly1 h[ev] heal?y 9 o!r respects1 f ! fact t _! food goes to su/a9 _! fea!rs r ?an _! bodies2 & !y frequ5tly langui% & die1 f ?is circum/ance alone4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 !y fea!r sl[ly1 z d ! ,co*9 ,*9as1 ,%anghaes1 & o!rs1 ! food 9 e>ly life goes to n\ri% & su/a9 _! bodies until !y become m vigor\s1 & old en\gh to su/a9 ! %ock ( fea!r+ )\t detrim5t4 ,pure tan-color$ ,dork+s are m easily rais$ ?an o!rs ( ! race1 because !y fea!r m sl[ly4 ,*ick5s :i* fea!r rapidly mu/ be kept p]fectly dry & w>m1 or !y w die2 :ile nak$ *ick5s1 z !y are t]m$1 or ^? :i* fea!r at a m advanc$ age1 & v sl[ly1 seldom suff] f ! cold1 f ! fact t _! d[n is v w>m1 & _! blood is hott]1 & circulates m rapidly2 s9ce _! food pr9cipally goes to blood1 & fle%1 & bones1 & n to fea!rs4 ,,re>+ ,,( ,,gu9ea ,,f[ls4 ,= ! "y ( ^!1 ants' eggs1 s call$1 h>d-boil$ eggs *opp$ f9e1 small worms1 maggots1 bread-crumbs1 *opp$ meat1 or suet--:atev]1 9 %ort1 is mo/ nutriti\s1 is ! mo/ appropriate food4 ,?is ne$ n be (f]$ to !m 9 l>ge quantities1 z x w\ld only be dev\r$ by ! "m ,bantam z soon z %e saw t !y _h = ! "t satisfi$ _! appetites1 or x w\ld be /ol5 by o!r birds2 b x %\ld frequ5tly be adm9i/]$ to !m 9 small supplies4 ,fe$+ !m ?ree1 f\r1 or five times a day1 is n (t5 en\gh2 e half h\r dur+ daylight !y %\ld be tempt$ to fill _! craws1 :i* are soon empti$ aga9 by an extraord9>y p[] & quickness ( dige/ion4 ,! newly-hat*$ ,gu9ea f[l is a t9y creature1 & its gr[? is1 consequ5tly1 v rapid1 requir+ incessant supplies4 ,a *eck once receiv$ c nev] be recov]$4 ,!y d n1 9 su* cases1 mope & p9e = a day or two2 l "y turkeys "u simil> circum/ances1 & !n die2 b1 9 half an h\r aft] be+ 9 app>5t heal?1 !y fall on _! backs1 give a convulsive kick or two1 & fall victims1 9 fact1 to />vation4 ,! dem&s ( ,nature = ! gr[? ( bone1 muscle1 & p>ticul>ly ( fea!rs1 are s great1 t no subsequ5t abundant supply ( food c comp5sate = a fa/ ( a c\ple ( h\rs4 ,! fea!rs /ill g on gr[+ 9 geometrical progression1 & draw+ ! s\rces ( vitality /ill fa/] ?an !y c be suppli$1 till ! bird fa9ts & expires f inanition4 ,a dry1 sunny corn] 9 ! g>d5 w be ! be/ place to coop !m ) _! bantam h54 ,z !y increase 9 /r5g?1 !y w d no h>m1 b mu* good1 by dev\r+ worms1 grubs1 cat]pill>s1 maggots1 & all sorts ( insects4 ,by ! "t _! bodies are little long] ?an ^? ( sp>r[s1 !y w be able to fly ) "s degree ( /r5g?2 o!r additions to _! complete /ature are successively & less imm$iately develop$1 ! spurs1 comb1 & ornam5tal plumage n appe>+ till a subsequ5t p]iod4 ,:5 !y are ab\t ! size ( ?ru%es1 or a little l>g]1 unless ! summ] be v f9e1 ! bantam may be all[$ to range loose 9 ! or*>d & %rubb]y1 & no long] p]mitt$ to ent] ! g>d54 ,! "y mu/1 h[ev]1 /ill receive a b\ntiful & frequ5t supply ( food2 !y are n to be consid]$ safe till ! horn on _! head is fairly gr[n4 ,oatmeal is a great treat2 cook$ potatoes1 boil$ rice1 or any ?+1 9 %ort1 t is eatable1 may be ?r[n to !m2 !y w pick ! bones left aft] d9n] ) evid5t satisfaction4 ,! tam] !y c be made1 ! less tr\blesome w !y be :5 gr[n2 ! m k9dly !y are treat$1 ! fatt] w !y be = food1 & ! bett] price w !y br+ 9 m>ket4 ,= re>+ ! "y ( ! pea f[l1 ! same directions w be f\nd useful1 & %\ld be c>ri$ out 9 practice4 ,,re>+ ,,( ,,turkeys4 ,mu* quack]y has be5 recomm5d$ 9 ! treatm5t ( "y turkeys4 ,no?+1 h[ev]1 %\ld be giv5 to !m1 no?+ done = !m2 !y %\ld rema9 9 ! ne/1 "u ! %elt] ( _! "m's w+s1 = at lea/ eight or t5 h\rs2 if hat*$ 9 ! aft]noon1 till ! foll[+ morn+4 ,! h5 %\ld !n be plac$ on ! grass1 9 ! sun1 "u a roomy coop4 ,if ! wea!r is f9e1 %e may be /ation$ at any po9t desir$1 by a long piece ( flannel-li/ ti$ r\nd "o leg1 & fa/5$ to a /ump or /one4 ,at fir/1 a few crumbs ( bread %\ld be (f]$2 = "s h\rs1 ! little ones w be 9 no hurry to eat2 b1 :5 !y d comm5ce1 !y %\ld be suppli$ con/antly & abundantly ) *opp$ egg1 %r$s ( meat & fat1 curd1 boil$ rice mix$ ) cress1 lettuce1 & ! gre5 ( onions2 melt$ mutton-suet p\r$ ov] b>ley-meal1 & cut up :5 cold1 z also bullock's liv] boil$ & m9c$1 are excell5t ?+s4 ,"y turkeys d n l to h _! food m9c$ mu* small] ?an !y c swall[ x1 pref]r+ to make a meal at ?ree or f\r m\?fuls1 r ?an to tr\ble !mselves ) ! incessant peck+ & scrat*+ 9 :i* *ick5s s mu* delight4 ,pepp] w be f\nd p>ticul>ly useful 9 fe$+ !m2 z1 inde$1 all /imulat+ vegetables1 su* z horse-radi%1 & ! l4 ,"y turkeys are sometimes attack$ by fasciolae1 or worms 9 ! tra*ea2 b n s (t5 z *ick5s4 ,cramp is ! mo/ fatal to !m1 p>ticul>ly 9 bad wea!r4 ,a few pieces ( bo>d laid "u & ab\t ! coop are useful2 sometimes rubb+ ! leg ) _s w br+ back ! circulation4 ,! "t :5 ! h5 may be all[$ full lib]ty ) h] brood dep5ds mo/ ^u ! season1 ! situation1 etc4 ,"s ?9k t if ! "y are ?riv+1 ! soon] ! old ones are out ) !m ! bett]1 aft] ! fir/ t5 days or s4 ,a saf] rule may be fix$ at ! season1 call$ %oot+ ! r$1 :5 "y turkeys approa* ! size ( a p>tridge1 or be=e ! granul>1 fle%y excresc5ces on ! head & neck beg9 to appe>2 soon aft]1 ! :ole plumage1 p>ticul>ly ! tail-fea!rs1 %oot into rapid gr[?1 & lib]al n\ri%m5t is imp]atively requir$4 ,if let loose at ?is "t1 !y w obta9 mu* =ag+1 & /ill be ?ankful = all t is giv5 to !m4 ,c>away-se$s1 z a tonic1 are b5eficial1 if add$ to pl5ty ( b>ley1 boil$ potatoes1 *opp$ vegetables1 & refuse meat4 ,at ?is "t ! turkeys1 naturally en\gh1 beg9 to be tr\blesome & voraci\s2 !y h to gr[ f ! size ( a l>k to twelve or f\rte5 p\nds1 9 eight or n9e mon?s4 ,"o great m]it 9 old birds is1 t 9 situations :]e nuts1 acorns1 & ma/ are to be _h1 !y w lead (f _! brood to ^!1 & all ( !m w ab/a91 comp>atively1 f ravag+ o!r crops4 ,illu/ration3 ,,duck-,,pond ,,& ,,h\ses4 ,,re>+ ,,( ,,duckl+s4 ,! be/ mode ( re>+ ! "y ( ducks dep5ds v mu* ^u ! situation 9 :i* !y are hat*$4 ,x is cu/om>y to dip _! feet 9 wat] z soon z !y are hat*$1 & !n to clip ! d[n on _! tails close ) a pair ( scissors1 to prev5t _! becom+ drabbl$ & wat]-logg$2 & be=e _! introduction to ! pond1 :i* %\ld n be until a day or two aft] hat*+1 x is ?\ght advisable by _m to let !m h a private swim or two 9 a small pan ( wat]1 t !y may try _! /r5g? & practice _! webb$ feet be=e v5tur+ ^u a l>g] space4 ,= ! fir/ mon?1 ! conf9em5t ( ! "m "u a coop is bett] ?an too mu* lib]ty4 ,_! fir/ food may be boil$ eggs1 nettles1 & a little b>ley2 all k9ds ( sapp$ food1 cornmeal & wat] mix$ ?91 worms1 etc41 suit !m2 !y w also gre$ily eat cabbages or o!r gre5s1 mix$ ) boil$ bran2 & ?is mess1 ) ! addition ( pepp]1 =ms a valuable dietetic4 ,9 a few days1 !y require no c>e1 be+ p]fectly able to %ift = !mselves2 b at any age !y are ! mo/ helpless ( ! inhabitants ( ! p\ltry-y>d1 hav+ no weapons ) :i* to def5d !mselves f v]m91 or animals ( prey1 & _! awkw>d1 waddl+ gait preclud+ _! seek+ safety 9 flight4 ,! old duck is n s brave 9 def5ce ( h] brood z ! h52 b %e w1 nev]!less1 display at times mu* _s4 ,! "y seldom die ( any disease1 & ) prop] precaution !re w be no tr\ble 9 rais+ almo/ z _m duckl+s z are hat*$4 ,!y come e>ly to maturity1 be+ ne>ly full-gr[n & 9 f9e eat+ ord] at ?ree mon?s old2 f> excell+1 9 ?is respect1 all o!r p\ltry1 except geese4 ,none are m successful 9 re>+ duckl+s ?an ^? :o keep !m1 = ! fir/ p]iod ( _! exi/5ce1 9 p5s two or ?ree y>ds squ>e1 & cram !m night & morn+ ) long1 dri$ pellets ( fl\r & wat]1 or egg & fl\r1 until !y are judg$ old en\gh to be turn$ out ) _! "m to =age = !mselves4 ,!y are *e]ful1 h>mless1 good-natur$1 cleanly creatures1 c>efully wa%+ !mselves1 & arrang+ _! dress1 be=e comm5c+ _! meals2 & ! heal?y he>t9ess ( _! appetite is amus+1 r ?an disgu/+4 ,,re>+ ,,( ,,gosl+s4 ,= ! fir/ ?ree or f\r days1 gosl+s mu/ be kept w>m & dry1 & f$ on b>ley-meal1 or oatmeal1 mix$ ) milk1 if easily procurable2 if n1 ) wat]4 ,!y w beg9 to gr[ 9 ab\t a week4 ,= a week or two1 !y %\ld n be turn$ out until late 9 ! morn+1 & %\ld always be tak5 9 e>ly 9 ! ev5+4 ,_! great enemy is ! cramp1 :i* c be kept (f by mak+ !m sleep on dry /raw4 ,a little boil$ rice1 daily1 assi/s _! gr[?2 ) corn1 ( c\rse1 z soon z !y c eat x4 ,:5 gosl+s are fir/ all[$ to g at l>ge ) _! "m1 e plant ( hemlock :i* gr[s )9 _! range %\ld be pull$ up1 z !y are v apt to eat x1 & x g5]ally proves fatal4 ,night%ade is equally p]nici\s to !m2 & !y h be5 kn[n to be poison$ by eat+ sprigs ( yew-tree4 ,! "y ( ,brem5 geese1 :5 fir/ hat*$1 are ( a v delicate & t5d] con/itution4 ,x is be/ to let !m rema9 9 ! bre$+-box 9 :i* !y are hat*$ = tw5ty-f\r h\rs aft] !y leave ! %ell4 ,?is %\ld1 h[ev]1 be regulat$ by ! wea!r2 s9ce1 if x is fair & w>m1 !y may be let out an h\r or two 9 ! middle ( ! day1 :5 !y w wet _! little bills & nibble at ! grass4 ,!y ought n to be out 9 ! ra9 at any "t dur+ ! fir/ mon?2 & bo? geese & gosl+s %\ld be %ut up 9 ! boxes at night1 dur+ ! same p]iod1 z a protection aga9/ rats & v]m94 ,a v %all[ pool1 dug 9 ! y>d1 ) a bucket or two ( wat] ?r[n into x1 to suit ! tempor>y purpose ( ba?+1 is suffici5t dur+ t p]iod4 ,if well f$ on gra9 f ! "t !y are hat*$1 tw5ty-five p\nds weight c be secur$1 at sev5 or eight mon?s old4 ,by fe$+ !m till f\r days old1 & !n lit]ally turn+ !m out to grass1 an av]age weight ( f sev5te5 to eighte5 p\nds ea* has be5 atta9$1 at t age aft] ! fea!rs are cleanly pick$ (f4 ,,caponiz+4 ,capons h ev] be5 e/eem$ among ! greate/ delicacies ( ! table2 & are made by ! extirpation ( ! reproductive organs 9 male f[ls4 ,if a cock1 :5 "y1 is emasculat$1 a rem>kable *ange takes place 9 him4 ,8 natural fi]c5ess is calm$2 he becomes placid & peaceful2 8 pugnacity has des]t$ him2 he no long] seeks ! company ( ! h5s2 he loses 8 previ\s /rong1 %rill voice2 he gr[s to a f> l>g] size ?an he w\ld o!rwise h done1 hav+ no?+ to int]f]e ) ! ma9 bus9ess ( 8 life--to eat1 dr9k1 sleep1 & get fat z spe$ily z possible2 8 fle% is peculi>ly :ite1 firm & succul5t2 & ev5 ! fat is p]fectly de/itute ( rankness4 ,! capon may1 also1 by a little managem5t be conv]t$ into an admirable nurse4 ,"s ass]t t caponiz$ cocks are nev] aft]w>d subject to ! natural process ( m\lt+2 b ?is is d5i$ by o!rs4 ,! art has be5 practis$ f ! e>lie/ antiquity1 9 ,greece1 ,india1 & ,*9a1 = ! purpose ( improv+ ! fle% ( birds = ! table1 9 t5d]ness1 juic9ess1 & flavor4 ,x is ext5sively p]=m$ 9 ! great p\ltry-bre$+ di/ricts ( ,engl&2 b 9 ?is c\ntry x is by no means s g5]ally practis$ z w\ld naturally be expect$4 ,! in/rum5ts mo/ approv$ by skilful op]ators consi/ ( two five or sev5-p\nd weights = conf9+ ! f[l2 a scalpel1 = cutt+ op5 ! ?9 sk9 envelop+ ! te/icles2 a silv] retractor1 = /ret*+ op5 ! w\nd suffici5tly wide = op]at+ )92 a pair ( spr+ =ceps--) a %>p1 cutt+ edge1 resembl+ t ( a *isel1 hav+ a level half an in* 9 its greate/ wid?--= mak+ ! incision1 & secur+ ! ?9 membrane2 a spoon-%ap$ in/rum5t1 ) a %>p hook at "o end1 = pu%+ & remov+ ! te/icles1 adju/+ ! loop1 & assi/+ 9 te>+ op5 ! t5d] cov]+2 & a d\ble silv] canula1 = conta9+ ! two ends ( horse-hair1 or fibre1 con/itut+ ! loop4 ,! exp5se ( ^! in/rum5ts is 9 ! neighborhood ( six doll>s4 ,a *eap p5knife may be us$ in/ead ( ! scalpel2 & ! o!r in/rum5ts may be obta9$ ( a *eap] con/ruction--! :ole n co/+ m ?an half ! above-nam$ am\nt4 ,! cock]el int5d$ = capons %\ld be ( ! l>ge/ bre$s1 z ! ,dork+1 ,co*9 ,*9a1 or ! ,great ,malay4 ,!y may be op]at$ ^u at any "t aft] !y are a mon? old2 ! age ( f two to ?ree mon?s is consid]$ pref]able4 ,if possible1 x %\ld be done be=e ,july2 z capons made lat] nev] prove s f9e4 ,! f[l %\ld be conf9$ to a table or bo>d1 by lay+ him ) ! left side d[nw>d1 ! w+s drawn beh9d ! rump1 ! legs ext5d$ backw>d1 ) ! upp] "o f>!/ drawn out1 & ! head & neck left p]fectly free4 ,! fea!rs are next to be pluck$ f ! "r side1 ne> ! hip-jo9t1 on a l9e )1 & betwe5 ! jo9t ( ! %\ld]4 ,! space uncov]$ may be f an in* to an in* & a half 9 diamet]1 accord+ to ! size ( ! bird4 ,aft] draw+ (f ! sk9 f ! "p1 backw>d--s t1 :5 left to itself aft] ! op]ation is complet$1 x w cov] ! w\nd 9 ! fle%--make an incision ) ! bevel-edg$ knife1 at ! end ( ! =ceps1 betwe5 ! la/ two ribs1 comm5c+ ab\t an in* f ! back-bone1 & ext5d+ x obliquely d[nw>d1 f an in* to an in* & a half1 cutt+ j deep en\gh to sep>ate ! ribs1 tak+ due c>e n to w\nd ! inte/9es4 ,next1 adju/ & apply ! retractor by means ( ! small ?umb-screw1 & /ret* ! w\nd suffici5tly wide ap>t to af=d room = an exam9ation ( ! organs to be remov$4 ,!n1 ) ! scalpel1 or a %>p p5knife1 c>efully cut op5 ! sk91 or membrane1 cov]+ ! inte/9es1 :i*1 if n suffici5tly drawn up1 9 consequ5ce ( ! previ\s conf9em5t1 may be pu%$ =w>d t[>d ! brea/-bone1 by means ( ! b[l ( ! spoon-%ap$ in/rum5t1 or--:at w\ld answ] equally well--) ! h&le ( a tea-spoon4 ,z ! te/icles are expos$ to view1 !y w be f\nd connect$ ) ! back & sides by a ?9 membrane1 or sk91 pass+ ov] !m4 ,?is cov]+ mu/ !n be seiz$ ) ! =ceps1 & torn op5 ) ! %>p-po9t$ hook at ! small end ( ! spoon-%ap$ in/rum5t2 aft] :i* ! b[l ( ! spoon mu/ be introduc$1 ) ! left h&1 "u ! l[] or left te/icle1 :i* is1 g5]ally1 a little ne>] to ! rump ?an ! "r "o4 ,!n take ! d\ble canula1 adju/ ! hair-loop1 &1 ) ! "r h&1 pass ! loop ov] ! small hook$ end ( ! spoon1 runn+ x d[n "u ! b[l ( ! spoon conta9+ ! te/icle1 s z to br+ ! loop to act ^u ! p>ts :i* connect ! te/icle to ! back4 ,by draw+ ! ends ( ! hair-loop backw>d & =w>d1 & at ! same "t pu%+ ! l[] end ( ! tube1 or canula1 t[>d ! rump ( ! f[l1 ! cord or fa/5+ ( ! te/icle is sev]$4 ,a simil> process is !n to be repeat$ ) ! upp]mo/ or "r te/icle2 aft] :i*1 any rema9s ( ! te/icles1 toge!r ) ! blood at or ar\nd ! bottom ( ! w\nd1 mu/ be scoop$ out ) ! b[l ( ! spoon4 ,! left te/icle is fir/ cut out1 9 ord] to prev5t ! blood :i* may issue f cov]+ ! "o rema9+1 & s r5d]+ x m difficult to be se54 ,! op]ation1 if skilfully done1 occupies b a few mom5ts2 :5 ! sk9 ( ! f[l %\ld be drawn ov] ! w\nd ) ! retractor1 & ! w\nd cov]$ ) ! fea!rs t 7 pluck$ (f at ! comm5cem5t4 ,9 "s f[ls1 ! =e "p ( ! ?igh cov]s ! two h9dmo/ ribs2 9 :i* case1 c>e mu/ be tak5 to draw ! fle%y "p ( ! ?igh well back1 to prev5t x f be+ cut2 s9ce1 o!rwise1 ! op]ation might lame ! f[l1 or ev5 cause its dea?4 ,= loops1 no?+ answ]s bett] ?an ! fibre ( a cocoa-nut husk1 :i* is r\gh1 & readily sep>ates ! te/icles by saw+4 ,! next be/ sub/ance is ! hair ( a horse's mane or tail4 ,aft] ! op]ation1 ! bird may be plac$ 9 a w>m h\se1 :]e !re are no p]*es2 s9ce if su* appliances are pres5t1 ! newly-made capon w v probably injure himself 9 8 attempts to p]*4 ,= ab\t a week1 ! food %\ld be s(t1 meal porridge1 & t 9 small quantities1 alt]nat$ ) bread /eep$ 9 milk2 he may be giv5 z mu* pure wat] z he w dr9k1 x be+ be/ to use x 9 a tepid /ate1 or at lea/ ) ! *ill tak5 (f4 ,at ! end ( a week1 or t5 days1 at mo/1 ! f[l1 if previ\sly ( a s\nd1 vigor\s con/itution1 w be all "r1 & may be turn$ out ) ! o!rs4 ,! usual me?od1 9 ,france1 ( mak+ p\l>des1 or h5-capons1 z !y are sometimes improp]ly designat$1 is to extirpate ! egg-clu/]1 or ov>ium1 9 ! same mann] z ! te/icles are extract$ f ! cock]el2 b x is q suffici5t m]ely to cut across ! oviduct1 or egg-tube1 ) a %>p knife4 ,o!rwise1 !y may be treat$ 9 ! same mann] z ! capons4 ,capons are fatt5$ 9 precisely ! same mann] z o!r f[ls4 ,,fatt5+ ,,& ,,slaught]+4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,bad ,,/yle ,,( ,,slaught]+4 ,fat is n a necess>y "p ( any animal body1 be+ ! =m :i* sup]abundant n\ri%m5t assumes1 :i* w\ld1 if ne$$1 be conv]t$ into muscles & o!r solids4 ,x is conta9$ 9 c]ta9 membran\s receptacles provid$ = x1 di/ribut$ ov] ! body1 & x is turn$ to use :5ev] ! supply ( n\ri%m5t is defective1 :i* %\ld be provid$ by ! /oma*1 & o!r great organs4 ,9 su* em]g5cies x is tak5 up1 9 ! animal economy1 by ! absorb5ts2 if ! latt]1 f any cause1 act feebly1 ! heal? suff]s4 ,:51 h[ev]1 n\ri%m5t is tak5 into ! sy/em 9 great] quantities ?an is necess>y = ord9>y purposes1 ! absorb5t vessels take x up2 & ! fat ?us made is g5]ally heal?y1 provid$ !re is a good dige/ion4 ,a common me?od ( fatt5+ f[l is to give !m ! run ( a f>m-y>d1 :]e !y ?rive ^u ! (fal ( ! /able & o!r refuse1 ) p]haps "s small regul> daily fe$s2 b at ?re%+-"t1 !y become fat1 & are /yl$ b>n-door f[ls1 probably ! mo/ delicate & high-flavor$ ( all1 bo? f _! full all[ance ( ! f9e/ gra91 & ! con/ant heal? 9 :i* !y are kept1 by liv+ 9 ! natural /ate1 & hav+ ! full enjoym5t ( air & ex]cise2 or1 !y are conf9$ 9 coops dur+ a c]ta9 numb] ( weeks1 ^? f[ls :i* are soone/ ready be+ tak5 z want$4 ,f[ls may also be fatt5$ to ! highe/ pit*1 & yet pres]v$ 9 a heal?y /ate--_! fle% be+ equal 9 quality to t ( ! b>n-door f[l--:5 conf9$ 9 fe$+-h\ses4 ,^! %\ld be at once w>m & airy1 ) e>? floors1 well-rais$1 & suffici5tly capaci\s to accommodate well ! numb] desir$4 ,! floor may be slightly litt]$ d[n1 ! litt] be+ (t5 *ang$2 & ! greate/ cleanl9ess %\ld be obs]v$4 ,s&y gravel %\ld be plac$ 9 sev]al diff]5t lay]s1 & (t5 *ang$4 ,a suffici5t numb] ( tr\ghs1 = bo? wat] & food1 %\ld be plac$ ar\nd1 t ! f[ls may fe$ ) z little int]ruption z possible f ea* o!r2 & p]*es 9 ! same proportion %\ld be furni%$ = ^? :i* are incl9$ to avail !mselves ( !m2 ?\gh ! numb] w be few1 aft] !y h begun to fatt54 ,?is arrangem5t1 h[ev]1 assi/s 9 keep+ !m quiet & cont5t$ until t p]iod4 ,insects & animal food =m+ a "p ( ! natural diet ( p\ltry1 !y are m$ic9al to !m 9 a weakly /ate1 & ! want ( su* food may sometimes imp$e _! ?riv+4 ,! lea/ nutriti\s articles ( food1 s f> z x c be done conv5i5tly1 %\ld be f$ out fir/2 aft]w>d1 ^? t are m nutritive4 ,fatt5+ f[ls %\ld be kept quiet1 & suff]$ to take no m ex]cise ?an is necess>y = _! heal?2 s9ce m ex]cise ?an ?is calls = an exp5diture ( food :i* does n avail any ?+ 9 ! process ( fatt5+4 ,!y %\ld be f$ regul>ly ) suitable food1 & t prop]ly prep>$2 & z mu* %\ld be giv5 !m z !y are able to conv]t into fle% & fat1 )\t wa/e4 ,! l>g] ! quantity ( food :i* a fatt5+ animal c be made to consume daily1 ) a good appetite1 or :i* x c dige/ ?or\ghly1 ! great] w be ! am\nt ( fle% & fat ga9$1 9 proportion to ! :ole quantity ( food consum$4 ,sub/ances 9 :i* ! nutrim5t is mu* conc5trat$ %\ld be f$ ) c>e4 ,!re is dang]1 especially :5 ! bird is fir/ put to fe$1 t m may be eat5 at once ?an ! dige/ive organs c manage4 ,meal ( ,indian corn is highly nutritive2 &1 :5 prop]ly f$1 causes f[ls to fatt5 fa/] ?an almo/ any o!r food4 ,!y w n1 h[ev]1 be> to be kept exclusively on ?is article = a great l5g? ( "t4 ,meal made f ! heavie/ v>ieties ( corn1 especially t made f ! h>d1 fl9ty k9ds gr[n 9 ! ,nor!rn & ,ea/]n ,/ates1 is q too /rong = f[ls to be full-f$ ^u4 ,att5tion %\ld also be paid to ! bulk ( ! food giv52 s9ce suffici5t bulk is necess>y to effect a prop] di/5d+ ( ! /oma*1 z a necess>y condition ( heal?y dige/ion4 ,"o simple mode ( fatt5+1 :i* is adopt$ by _m1 is ! foll[+3 ,%ut ! f[ls up :]e !y c get no gravel2 keep corn by !m all ! "t1 & also give !m d\gh en\gh once a day2 = dr9k1 give !m skimm$ milk2 ) ?is fe$1 !y w fatt5 9 t5 days2 if kept long]1 !y %\ld h "s gravel1 or !y w fall away4 ,oats gr\nd into meal1 & mix$ ) a little molasses & wat]1 b>ley-meal ) sweet milk1 & boil$ oats1 mix$ ) meat1 are all excell5t = fatt5+ p\ltry--ref]5ce be+ _h to "t1 exp5se1 & quality ( fle%4 ,9 fatt5+ ducks1 x mu/ be rememb]$ t _! fle% w be f\nd to p>take1 to a great ext5t1 ( ! flavor ( ! food on :i* !y h be5 fatt5$2 & z !y are naturally q indiscrim9ate fe$]s1 c>e %\ld be tak51 = at lea/ a week or s be=e kill+1 to conf9e !m to select food4 ,boil$ potatoes are v good fe$+1 & are /ill bett] if a little gra9 is mix$ ) !m2 ,indian meal is bo? economical & nutritive1 b %\ld be us$ sp>+ly at fir/4 ,"s recomm5d but*]'s (fal2 b1 al?\gh ducks may be fatt5$ on su* food to an unusual weight1 & ?us be pr(itable = ! m>ket1 _! fle% w be r5d]$ rank & gross1 & n at all fit = ! table4 ,to fatt5 geese1 x is necess>y to give !m a little corn daily1 ) ! addition ( "s raw ,sw$i% turnips1 c>rots1 mangel-wurtzel leaves1 luc]ne1 t>es1 cabbage leaves1 & lettuces4 ,b>ley-meal & wat] is recomm5d$ by "s2 b full-gr[n geese t h nev] be5 habituat$ to ! mixture :5 "y1 w occasionally refuse to eat x4 ,cook$ potatoes1 9 small quantities1 d no h>m2 &1 ap>t f ! consid]ation ( exp5se1 /eep$ :eat w\ld produce a fir/-rate delicacy4 ,^? :o c only af=d to br+ up "o or two1 %\ld conf9e !m 9 a crib or "s su* place1 ab\t ! beg9n+ ( ,july1 & fe$ !m z direct$1 giv+ !m a daily supply ( clean wat] = dr9k4 ,if f a doz5 to tw5ty are kept1 a l>ge p5 ( f fifte5 to tw5ty feet squ>e %\ld be made1 well cov]$ ) /raw on ! bottom1 & a cov]$ h\se 9 a corn] = protection aga9/ ! sun & ra91 :5 requir$2 s9ce exposure to ei!r ( ^! is n good4 ,x w be obs]v$ t1 ab\t noon1 if geese are at lib]ty1 !y w seek "s %ady spot1 to avoid ! influ5ce ( ! sun2 & :5 conf9$ 9 small places1 !y h n suffici5t space = flapp+ _! w+s1 & dry+ !mselves aft] be+ wet1 nor h !y room = mov+ ab\t s z to keep !mselves w>m4 ,!re %\ld be ?ree tr\ghs 9 ! crib3 "o = dry oats2 ano!r = vegetables1 :i* ought always to be cut d[n2 & a ?ird = clean wat]1 ( :i* !y mu/ always h a pl5tiful supply4 ,! rip] ! cabbages & lettuces are ) :i* !y are suppli$ ! bett]4 ,,slaught]+ ,,& ,,dress+4 ,bo? ducks & geese %\ld be l$ out to ! pond a few h\rs be=e be+ slaught]$1 :]e !y w neatly purify & arrange _! fea!rs4 ,! common mode ( slaught]+ ! latt]--ble$+ !m f ! int]nal p>ts ( ! ?roat--is ne$lessly sl[ & cruel4 ,f[ls = cook+1 t are to be s5t to a di/ance1 or to be kept any "t be=e be+ s]v$1 %\ld be pluck$1 drawn1 & dress$ imm$iately aft] be+ kill$4 ,! fea!rs /rip (f mu* m easily & cleanly :ile ! bird is yet w>m4 ,:5 l>ge numb]s are to be slaught]$ & prep>$ 9 a %ort "t1 ! process is exp$it$ by scald+ ! bird 9 boil+ wat]1 :5 ! fea!rs drop (f almo/ at once4 ,f[ls ?us treat$ are1 h[ev]1 g5]ally ?\ght inf]ior 9 flavor1 & are m likely to acquire a ta9t 9 close1 w>m wea!r1 ?an su* z are pluck$ & dress$ dry4 ,9 dress+1 all bruises or ruptur+ ( ! sk9 %\ld be avoid$4 ,a co>se1 half-worn clo?1 t is p]vi\s to ! air1 l a wire sieve1 & p]fectly dry & clean1 =ms ! be/ wrapp]4 ,! color ( yell[-sk9n$ turkeys--equally well-flavor$1 by ! way--is improv$ = appe>ance at m>ket by wrapp+ !m = twelve or tw5ty-f\r h\rs 9 clo?s soak$ 9 cold salt & wat]1 frequ5tly *ang$4 ,= ! same purpose1 ! loose fat is fir/ laid 9 w>m salt & wat]1 & aft]w>d 9 milk & wat] = two or ?ree h\rs4 ,"s du/ ) fl\r1 inside & out1 any f[ls t are to be c>ri$ f> or to hang _m days be=e be+ cook$4 ,! olde/ & t\ghe/ f[ls1 :i* are (t5 pron\nc$ unfit = eat+1 ?r[n away1 & wa/$1 may be made into a savory & nutriti\s di% by jo9t+1 aft] ! bird is pluck$ & drawn1 z = a pie2 x %\ld n be sk9n$4 ,/ew x five h\rs 9 a close saucepan1 ) salt1 mace1 onions1 or any o!r flavor+ +r$i5ts desir$4 ,:5 t5d]1 turn x out into a deep di%1 s t ! meat may be entirely cov]$ ) ! liquor4 ,let x /& ?us 9 its own jelly = a day or two2 x may !n be s]v$ 9 ! %ape ( a curry1 a ha%1 or a pie1 & w be f\nd to furni% an agreeable repa/4 ,old geese1 kill$ 9 ! autumn1 aft] !y h recov]$ f m\lt+1 & be=e !y h begun to ?9k ab\t ! bre$+ "t1 make excell5t meat1 if cut into small portions1 /ew$ sl[ly five or six h\rs ) savory condim5ts1 & made into pie ! next day4 ,by roa/+ & broil+1 ! l>ge quantity ( nutrim5t conta9$ 9 ! bones & c>tilages is lo/1 & :at might easily be made t5d] has to be swall[$ t\gh4 ,"y geese1 z well z ! old1 are1 also1 (t5 salt$ & boil$4 ,,p\ltry-,,h\ses4 ,! ?ree gr& requisites 9 a p\ltry h\se are cleanl9ess1 dryness1 & w>m?4 ,a simple arrangem5t = ?is purpose is a %$ built aga9/ ! gable ( ! h\se1 opposite to ! "p w>m$ by ! kit*5 fire1 9 :i* are plac$ cross-b>s = roo/+1 ) boxes = lay+ 91 or quantities ( fre% /raw4 ,?is %\ld always h an op5+1 to all[ ! p\ltry-h\se to be cleans$ out1 at lea/ once a week4 ,f[ls w nev] ?rive long amid/ uncleanl9ess2 & ev5 ) ! utmo/ c>e a place :]e !y h be5 long kept becomes ta9t$1 z x is call$2 ! surface ( ! gr\nd becomes saturat$ ) _! exuriae1 & is !re=e no long] conducive to heal?4 ,to avoid ?is effect1 "s p]sons 9 ! c\ntry frequ5tly *ange ! sites ( _! p\ltry-h\ses1 to obta9 fre% gr\nd2 :ile o!rs1 :o _c ?us *ange1 purify ! h\ses by fumigations ( blaz+ pit*1 by wa%+ ) hot lime wat]1 & by /rew+ l>ge quantities ( pure s& bo? )9 & )\t4 ,wa%+ ! floor e week is a necessity2 = :i* purpose x is advantage\s to h ! h\se pav$ ei!r ) /ones1 bricks1 or tiles4 ,a good floor+1 h[ev]1 & *eap] ?an ei!r ( ^!1 may be =m$ by us+ a composition ( lime & smi?y a%es1 toge!r ) ! riddl+s ( common kit*5 a%es2 ^!1 hav+ be5 all f9ely brok51 mu/ be mix$ toge!r ) wat]1 put on ! floor ) a mason's tr[el1 & nicely smoo!d on ! surface4 ,if ?is is put on a floor :i* is 9 a tol]ably dry situation1 & all[$ to h>d5 be=e be+ us$1 x w become ne>ly z solid & compact z /one1 & is almo/ z durable4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ru/ic ,,p\ltry-,,h\se4 ,! inside ( ! lay+-boxes %\ld be frequ5tly wa%$ ) hot lime wat]1 to free !m f v]m91 :i* greatly torm5t ! sitt+ h5s4 ,= ! same purpose1 p\ltry %\ld always h a heap ( dry s&1 or f9e a%es1 laid "u "s cov]$ place or ?ick tree ne> _! y>d1 9 :i* !y may du/ !mselves2 ?is be+ _! means ( ridd+ !mselves ( ! v]m9 ) :i* !y are annoy$4 ,9 e e/abli%m5t = p\ltry-re>+1 !re ought to be "s sep>ate crib or cribs1 into :i* to remove f[l :5 labor+ "u disease2 =1 n only are _m ( ! diseases to :i* p\ltry are liable highly contagi\s1 b ! sick birds are also reg>d$ ) dislike by su* z are 9 heal?2 & ! latt] w1 g5]ally1 attack & maltreat !m1 aggravat+1 at lea/1 _! suff]+s1 if n actually depriv+ !m ( life4 ,! mom5t1 !re=e1 t a bird is p]ceiv$ to droop1 or appe>s p9+1 x %\ld be remov$ to "o ( ^! infirm>ies4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,fancy ,,coop ,,9 ,,*9ese ,,or ,,go?ic ,,/yle4 ,sep>ate p5s are also necess>y1 to avoid qu>rell+ among "s ( ! highly-blood$ birds1 m p>ticul>ly ! game f[l4 ,!y are also necess>y :5 diff]5t v>ieties are kept1 9 ord] to avoid improp] or undesirable commixture f accid5tal cross+4 ,^! lodg+s may be mo/ readily con/ruct$ 9 r[s1 p>allel to ea* o!r2 ! p>titions may be =m$ ( lattice-"w1 be+ ?us r ornam5tal1 & ! co/ ( erection b trifl+4 ,ea* ( ^! lodg+s %\ld be divid$ into two comp>tm5ts1 "o some:at l>g] ?an ! o!r2 "o to be close & w>m1 = ! sleep+-room2 & ! o!r1 a l>ge "o1 airy & op51 t ! birds may enjoy !mselves 9 ! daytime4 ,bo? mu/ be kept p>ticul>ly dry & clean1 & be well protect$ f ! wea!r4 ,a h5-ladd] is an indisp5sable piece ( furniture1 ?\gh frequ5tly abs5t4 ,?is is a sort ( asc5d+ scale ( p]*es1 "o a little high] ?an ! o!r2 n exactly above its pr$ecessor1 b some:at 9 advance4 ,by neglect+ ! use ( ?is v simple contrivance1 _m valuable f[ls may be lo/ or sev]ely injur$1 by attempt+ to fly d[n f _! roo/--an attempt f succe$+ 9 :i* ! birds are incapacitat$1 9 consequ5ce ( ! bulk ( _! body prepond]at+ ov] ! p[] ( _! w+s4 ,"s p all[ _! f[l to roo/ abroad all night1 9 all wea!rs1 9 trees1 or ^u f5ces ne> ! p\ltry-h\se4 ,?is is a slov5ly mode ( keep+ ev5 ! humble/ live /ock2 x (f]s a temptation to ?ieves1 & ! heal? ( ! f[ls _c be improv$ by _! be+ soak$ all night long 9 dr5*+ ra91 or hav+ _! feet froz5 to ! bran*es or rails4 ,!re is no difficulty 9 accu/om+ any sort ( p\ltry1 except ! pea f[l1 to regul> h\s+ at night4 ,x is bett] t turkeys %\ld n roo/ 9 ! same h\se ) ! dome/ic f[l1 z !y are apt to be cross to sitt+ & lay+ h5s4 ,no p\ltry-h\se is :at x ought to be1 x may be sugge/$1 9 conclusion1 unless x is 9 su* a /ate z to af=d a lady1 )\t (f5d+ h] s5se ( dec5t propriety1 a respectable %elt] on a %[]y day4 ,illu/ration ,,diseases ,,& ,,_! ,,rem$ies4 ,9 our climate1 ! disord]s to :i* p\ltry are liable are1 comp>atively1 few 9 numb]1 & !y usually yield to judici\s treatm5t4 ,! little att5tion t has too g5]ally be5 be/[$ ^u ?is subject may be acc\nt$ = f ! circum/ance t1 9 an economical po9t ( view1 ! value ( an individual f[l is relatively insignificant2 & :ile ! ailm5ts ( o!r dome/icat$ animals g5]ally claim a prompt & effici5t c>e1 ! unhappy inhabitants ( ! p\ltry-y>d are too (t5 reliev$ ( _! suff]+s 9 ! mo/ summ>y mann]4 ,!re are reasons1 h[ev]1 :i* w ju/ify a m c>eful reg>d 9 ?is matt]1 besides ! humanity ( add+ to ! com=t ( ^! useful creatures2 & ! attempt to cure1 9 cases ( disease1 w (t5 be rew>d$ by _! fle% be+ r5d]$ m palatable1 & _! eggs m :olesome4 ,mo/ ( ! diseases to :i* f[ls are subject are ! result ( errors 9 diet or managem5t1 & %\ld h be5 prev5t$1 or may be remov$ by a *ange1 & ! adoption ( a suitable regim54 ,:5 an individual is attack$1 x %\ld be =?) remov$1 to prev5t ! contam9ation ( ! re/ ( ! flock4 ,nature1 :o proves a gu>dian to f[ls 9 heal?1 w nurse !m 9 _! weakness1 & act z a mo/ effici5t physician to ! sick2 & ! aim ( all m$ical treatm5t %\ld be to foll[ ! indications :i* ,nature holds out1 & assi/ 9 ! ef=t :i* %e con/antly makes = ! re/oration ( heal?4 ,! m common diseases :i* afflict p\ltry w be s describ$ t !y ne$ n be misappreh5d$1 & su* rem$ies sugge/$ z exp]i5ce has prov$ to be salut>y2 &1 tak5 alphabetically1 ! fir/ on ! li/ is ,,a/hma4 ,?is common disease seems to diff] suffici5tly 9 its *>act]i/ics to w>rant a di/9ction into two species4 ,9 "o x appe>s to be caus$ by an ob/ruction ( ! air-cells1 by an accumulation ( phlegm1 :i* int]f]es ) ! ex]cise ( _! functions4 ,! f[l labors = brea?1 9 consequ5ce ( n be+ able to take 9 ! usual quantity ( air at an inspiration4 ,! capacity ( ! lungs is !reby dim9i%$1 ! l9+ membrane ( ! w9dpipe becomes ?ick5$1 & its m9ute bran*es are m or less affect$4 ,^! effects may1 p]haps1 be attribut$ to ! fact t1 z our p\ltry are orig9ally natives ( tropical climates1 !y require a m equal temp]ature ?an is af=d$1 except by artificial means1 h[ev] well !y may appe> acclimat$4 ,ano!r v>iety ( a/hma is induc$ by fright1 or undue excitem5t4 ,x is sometimes produc$ by *as+ f[ls to cat* !m1 by seiz+ !m sudd5ly1 or by _! fight+ ) ea* o!r4 ,9 ^! cases1 a blood-vessel is (t5 ruptur$1 & sometimes "o or m ( ! air-cells4 ,! symptoms are1 %ort brea?+2 op5+ ( ! beak (t51 & = q a "t2 heav+ & pant+ ( ! *e/2 &1 9 case ( a rupture ( a blood-vessel1 a drop ( blood appe>+ on ! beak4 ,treatm5t4 ,confirm$ a/hma is difficult to cure4 ,= ! disease 9 its incipi5t /ate1 ! f[l %\ld be kept w>m1 & treat$ ) repeat$ doses ( hippo-p[d] & sulphur1 mix$ ) butt]1 ) ! addition ( a small quantity ( ,cay5ne pepp]4 ,,co/iv5ess4 ,! exi/5ce ( ?is disord] w become app>5t by obs]v+ ! unsuccessful attempts ( ! f[l to relieve itself4 ,x frequ5tly results f cont9u$ fe$+ on dry diet1 )\t access to gre5 vegetables4 ,inde$1 )\t ! use ( ^!1 or "s sub/itute--su* z ma%$ potatoes--co/iv5ess is c]ta9 to ensue4 ,! want ( a suffici5t supply ( good wat] w also occasion ! disease1 on acc\nt ( t peculi> /ructure ( ! f[l1 :i* r5d]s !m unable to void _! ur9e1 except 9 connection ) ! faeces ( solid food1 & ?r\gh ! same *annel4 ,treatm5t4 ,soak$ bread1 ) w>m skimm$-milk1 is a mild rem$ial ag5t1 & w usually suffice4 ,boil$ c>rots or cabbage are m effici5t4 ,a meal ( e>?-worms is sometimes advisable2 & hot potatoes1 mix$ ) bacon-fat1 are said to be excell5t4 ,ca/or-oil & burn$ butt] w remove ! mo/ ob/9ate cases2 ?\gh a cly/] ( oil1 9 addition1 may sometimes be requir$1 9 ord] to effect a cure4 ,,di>rh,,oe,a4 ,!re are times :5 f[ls dung m loosely ?an at o!rs1 especially :5 !y h be5 f$ on gre5 or s(t food2 b ?is1 may occur )\t ! pres5ce ( disease4 ,%\ld ?is /ate1 h[ev]1 det]iorate into a confirm$ & cont9u$ laxity1 imm$iate att5tion is requir$ to gu>d aga9/ fatal effects4 ,! causes ( di>rhoea are dampness1 undue acidity 9 ! b[els1 or ! pres5ce ( irritat+ matt] !re4 ,! symptoms are lassitude & emaciation2 &1 9 v sev]e cases1 ! void+ ( calc>e\s matt]1 :ite1 /reak$ ) yell[4 ,?is resembles ! yolk ( a /ale egg1 & cl+s to ! fea!rs ne> ! v5t4 ,x becomes acrid1 f ! pres5ce ( ammonia1 & causes inflammation1 :i* spe$ily ext5ds ?r\gh\t ! inte/9es4 ,treatm5t4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 dep5ds ^u ! cause4 ,if ! disease is br\ght on by a diet ( gre5 or s(t food1 ! food mu/ be *ang$1 & wat] sp>+ly giv52 if x arises f undue acidity1 *alk mix$ ) meal is advantage\s1 b rice-fl\r boluses are mo/ reliable4 ,alum-wat]1 ( mod]ate /r5g?1 is also b5eficial4 ,9 cases ( bloody flux1 boil$ rice & milk1 giv5 w>m1 ) a little magnesia1 or *alk1 may be successfully us$4 ,,fev]4 ,! mo/ decid$ species ( fev] to :i* f[ls are subject occurs at ! p]iod ( hat*+1 :5 ! animal heat is (t5 s increas$ z to be p]ceptible to ! t\*4 ,a /ate ( fev] may also be obs]v$ :5 !y are ab\t to lay4 ,?is is1 g5]ally1 ( small consequ5ce1 :5 ! birds are o!rwise heal?y2 b x is ( mom5t1 if any o!r disord] is pres5t1 s9ce1 9 su* case1 ! orig9al malady w be aggravat$4 ,fight+ also frequ5tly occasions fev]1 :i* sometimes proves fatal4 ,! symptoms are an increas$ circulation ( ! blood2 excessive heat2 & re/lessness4 ,treatm5t4 ,light food & *ange ( air2 &1 if necess>y1 ap]i5t m$ic9e1 su* z ca/or oil1 ) a little burn$ butt]4 ,,indige/ion4 ,cases ( indige/ion among f[ls are common1 & des]ve att5tion accord+ to ! causes f :i* !y proce$4 ,a *ange ( food w (t5 produce crop-sickness1 z x is call$1 :5 ! f[l takes b little food1 & sudd5ly loses fle%4 ,su* disease is ( little consequ5ce1 & %ortly disappe>s4 ,:5 x requires att5tion at all1 all ! symptoms w be remov$ by giv+ _! diet 9 a w>m /ate4 ,sometimes1 h[ev]1 a fit ( indige/ion ?reat5s sev]e consequ5ces1 especially if long cont9u$4 ,e ef=t %\ld be made to asc]ta9 ! cause1 & ! rem$y mu/ be gov]n$ by ! circum/ances ( ! case4 ,! symptoms are heav9ess1 mop+1 keep+ away f ! ne/1 & want ( appetite4 ,illu/ration3 ,,prairie ,,h5s4 ,treatm5t4 ,less5 ! quantity ( food1 & oblige ! f[l to ex]cise 9 an op5 walk4 ,give "s p[d]$ cay5ne & g5tian1 mix$ ) ! usual food4 ,iron-ru/1 mix$ ) s(t food1 or diffus$ 9 wat]1 is an excell5t tonic1 & is indicat$ :5 !re is atrophy1 or dim9ution ( ! fle%4 ,x may be comb9$ ) oats or gra94 ,milk-w>m ale has also a good effect1 :5 add$ to ! diet ( diseas$ f[ls4 ,,lice4 ,! :ole fea!r$ tribe seem to be peculi>ly liable to be infe/$ ) lice2 & !re h be5 in/ances :5 f[ls h be5 s cov]$ 9 ?is loa?some mann] t ! natural color ( ! fea!rs has be5 undi/+ui%able4 ,! pres5ce ( v]m9 is n only annoy+ to p\ltry1 b mat]ially int]f]es ) _! gr[?1 & prev5ts _! fatt5+4 ,!y are1 inde$1 ! greate/ drawback to ! success & pleasure ( ! p\ltry fanci]s2 & no?+ b unremitt+ vigilance w ext]m9ate !m1 & keep !m ext]m9at$4 ,treatm5t4 ,to atta9 ?is1 :itewa% frequ5tly all ! p>ts adjac5t to ! roo/+-pole1 take ! poles d[n & run !m sl[ly ?r\gh a fire made ( wood %av+s1 dry we$s1 or o!r light wa/e combu/ibles4 ,fl\r ( sulphur1 plac$ 9 a vessel1 & set on fire 9 a close p\ltry-h\se1 w p5etrate e crevice1 & effectually ext]m9ate ! v]m94 ,:5 a h5 comes (f ) h] brood1 ! old ne/ %\ld be clean$ out1 & a new "o plac$2 & dry tobacco-leaves1 rubb$ to a p[d] betwe5 ! h&s1 & mix$ ) ! hay ( ! ne/1 w add mu* to ! heal? ( ! p\ltry4 ,fl\r ( sulphur may also be mix$ ) ,indian-meal & wat]1 & f$ 9 ! proportion ( "o p\nd ( sulphur to two doz5 f[ls1 9 two p>cels1 two days ap>t4 ,almo/ any k9d ( grease1 or unctu\s matt]1 is also c]ta9 dea? to ! v]m9 ( dome/ic p\ltry4 ,9 ! case ( v "y *ick5s1 x %\ld only be us$ 9 a w>m1 sunny day1 ,:5 !y %\ld be put into a coop ) _! "m1 ! coop d>k5$ = an h\r or two1 & e ?+ made quiet1 t !y may secure a good re/ & nap aft] ! fatigue occasion$ by greas+ !m4 ,!y %\ld be h&l$ ) great c>e1 & greas$ ?or\ghly2 ! h51 also4 ,aft] re/+1 !y may be p]mitt$ to come out & bask 9 ! sun2 & 9 a few days !y w look sprightly en\gh4 ,to gu>d aga9/ v]m91 h[ev]1 x %\ld n be =gott5 t cleanl9ess is ( vital importance2 & !re mu/ always be pl5ty ( slack$ lime1 dry a%es1 & s&1 easy ( access to ! f[ls1 9 :i* !y c roll & du/ !mselves4 ,,loss ,,( ,,fea!rs4 ,?is disease1 common to conf9$ f[ls1 %\ld n be conf\nd$ ) ! natural process ( m\lt+4 ,9 ?is diseas$ /ate1 no new fea!rs come to replace ! old1 b ! f[l is left bald & nak$2 a sort ( r\ghness also appe>s on ! sk92 !re is a fall+ (f 9 appetite1 z well z mop+ & inactivity4 ,treatm5t4 ,z ?is affection is1 9 all probability1 con/itutional r ?an local1 ext]nal rem$ies may n always prove suffici5t4 ,/imulants1 h[ev]1 appli$ ext]nally1 w s]ve to assi/ ! op]ation ( :atev] m$ic9e may be giv54 ,sulphur may be ?us appli$1 mix$ ) l>d4 ,sulphur & cay5ne1 9 ! proportion ( "o qu>t] ea*1 mix$ ) fre% butt]1 is good to be giv5 int]nally1 & w act z a p[]ful alt]ative4 ,! diet %\ld be *ang$2 & cleanl9ess & fre% air are indisp5sable4 ,9 diseas$ m\lt+1 :]e ! fea!rs />e & fall (f1 till ! nak$ sk9 appe>s1 sug> %\ld be add$ to ! wat] :i* ! f[ls dr9k1 & corn & hemp-se$ be giv54 ,!y %\ld be kept w>m1 & occasionally be treat$ to doses ( cay5ne pepp]4 ,,pip4 ,?is disord]1 kn[n also z ! gapes1 is ! mo/ common ailm5t ( p\ltry & all dome/ic birds4 ,x is especially ! disease ( "y f[ls1 & is mo/ preval5t 9 ! hotte/ mon?s1 be+ n only tr\blesome b frequ5tly fatal4 ,z to its cause & nature1 !re has be5 "s div]sity ( op9ion4 ,"s consid] x a cat>rhal inflammation1 :i* produces a ?ick5+ ( ! membrane l9+ ! no/rils & m\?1 & p>ticul>ly ! tongue2 o!rs ass]t t x is caus$ by want ( wat]1 or by bad wat]2 :ile o!rs describe x z comm5c+ 9 ! =m ( a vesicle on ! tip ( ! tongue1 :i* occasions a ?ick5$ /ate ( ! sk91 by ! absorption ( its cont5ts4 ,! bett] op9ion1 h[ev]1 is1 t ! disease is occasion$ by ! pres5ce ( worms1 or fasciolae1 9 ! w9dpipe4 ,on ! dissection ( *ick5s dy+ ) ?is disord]1 ! w9dpipe w be f\nd to conta9 num]\s small1 r$ worms1 ab\t ! size ( a cambric ne$le1 :i*1 at ! fir/ glance1 might be mi/ak5 = blood-vessels4 ,x is suppos$ by "s t ^! worms cont9ue to gr[1 until1 by _! enl>gem5t1 ! w9dpipe is s fill$ up t ! *ick5 is suffocat$4 ,! common symptoms ( ?is malady are ! ?ick5$ /ate ( ! membrane ( ! tongue1 p>ticul>ly t[>d ! tip2 ! brea?+ is imp$$1 & ! beak is frequ5tly held op51 z if ! creature 7 gasp+ = brea?2 ! beak becomes yell[ at its base2 & ! fea!rs on ! head appe> ruffl$ & disord]$2 ! tongue is v dry2 ! appetite is n always impair$2 b yet ! f[l _c eat1 probably on acc\nt ( ! difficulty :i* ! act involves1 & sits 9 a corn]1 p9+ 9 solitude4 ,treatm5t4 ,mo/ recomm5d ! imm$iate removal ( ! ?ick5$ membrane1 :i* c be effect$ by ano9t+ ! "p ) butt] or fre% cream4 ,if necess>y1 ! scab may be prick$ ) a ne$le4 ,x w also be f\nd b5eficial to use a pill1 compos$ ( equal p>ts ( scrap$ g>lic & horse-radi%1 ) z mu* cay5ne pepp] z w outweigh a gra9 ( :eat2 to be mix$ ) fre% butt]1 & giv5 e morn+2 ! f[l to be kept w>m4 ,if ! disease is 9 an advanc$ /ate1 %[n by ! *ick5's hold+ up its head & gap+ = want ( brea?1 ! f[l %\ld be ?r[n on its back1 & :ile ! neck is held /raight1 ! bill %\ld be op5$1 & a quill ins]t$ into ! w9dpipe1 ) a little turp5t9e4 ,?is be+ r\nd1 w loos5 & de/roy a numb] ( small1 r$ worms1 "s ( :i* w be drawn up by ! fea!r1 & o!rs w be c\gh$ up by ! *ick54 ,! op]ation %\ld be repeat$ ! foll[+ day1 if ! gap+ cont9ues4 ,if x ceases1 ! cure is effect$4 ,x is /at$1 also1 t ! disease has be5 entirely prev5t$ by mix+ a small quantity ( spirits ( turp5t9e ) ! food ( f[ls2 f five to t5 drops1 to a p9t ( meal1 to be made into a d\gh4 ,ano!r specific recomm5d$ is to keep iron /&+ 9 v9eg>1 & put a little ( ! liquid 9 ! food e few days4 ,"s ass]t t x is promot$ by simply scant+ f[ls 9 _! food2 & ?is ^u ! gr\nd t *ick5s :i* are n conf9$ ) ! h51 b bo? suff]$ to run at l>ge & collect _! own food1 are n tr\bl$ ) ?is disease4 ,!re c be little d\bt t x is caus$ by inatt5tion to cleanl9ess 9 ! habits & lodg+s ( f[ls2 & "s1 !re=e1 ?9k t if ! *ick5-h\ses & coops are kept clean1 & frequ5tly wa%$ ) ?9 :itewa%1 hav+ pl5ty ( salt & br9e mix$ ) x1 t x w\ld be eradicat$4 ,,r\p4 ,?is disease is caus$ ma9ly by cold & moi/ure2 b x is (t5 ascrib$ to improp] fe$+ & want ( cleanl9ess & ex]cise4 ,x affects f[ls ( all ages1 & is ei!r acute or *ronic2 sometimes comm5c+ sudd5ly1 on exposure2 at o!rs gradually1 z ! consequ5ce ( neglect$ colds1 or damp wea!r or lodg+4 ,*ronic r\p has be5 kn[n to ext5d ?r\gh two ye>s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,swans4 ,! mo/ prom95t symptoms are difficult & noisy brea?+ & gap+1 t]m9at+ 9 a rattl+ 9 ! ?roat2 ! head swells1 & is fev]i%2 ! eyes are swoll51 & ! eye-lidsappe> livid2 ! sight decays1 & sometimes total bl9dness ensues2 !re are dis*>ges f ! no/rils & m\?1 at fir/ ?9 & limpid1 aft]w>d ?ick1 purul5t1 & fetid4 ,9 ?is /age1 :i* resembles ! gl&]s 9 horses1 ! disease becomes infecti\s4 ,z second>y symptoms1 x may be notic$ t ! appetite fails1 except = dr9k2 ! crop feels h>d2 ! fea!rs are />+1 ruffl$1 & )\t ! gloss t appe>s 9 heal?2 ! f[l mopes by itself & seems to suff] mu* pa94 ,treatm5t4 ,! f[ls %\ld be kept w>m1 & h pl5ty ( wat] & scald$ bran1 or o!r light food4 ,:5 *ronic1 *ange ( food & air is advisable4 ,! ord9>y rem$ies--su* z salt dissolv$ 9 wat]--are inefficaci\s4 ,a solution ( sulphate ( z9c1 z an eye-wat]1 is a valuable cleans+ application4 ,rue-pills1 & a decoction ( rue1 z a tonic1 h be5 adm9i/]$ ) app>5t b5efit4 ,! foll[+ is recomm5d$3 ( p[d]$ g5tian & ,jamaica g+]1 ea* "o "p2 ,epsom salts1 "o & a half p>ts2 & fl\r ( sulphur1 "o "p2 to be made up ) butt]1 & giv5 e morn+4 ,! foll[+ me?od ( treatm5t is practis$ by "s ( ! mo/ successful p\lt]]s 9 ! c\ntry4 ,z soon z discov]$1 if 9 w>m wea!r1 remove ! infect$ f[ls to "s well-v5tilat$ ap>tm5t1 or y>d2 if 9 w9t]1 to "s w>m place2 !n give a dess]t-spoonful ( ca/or-oil2 wa% _! heads ) w>m ,ca/ile-soap suds1 & let !m rema9 till next morn+ fa/+4 ,scald = !m ,indian-meal1 add+ two & a half ounces ( ,epsom salts = t5 h5s1 or 9 proportion = a less or l>g] numb]2 give x w>m1 & repeat ! dose 9 a day or two1 if !y d n recov]4 ,p]haps1 h[ev]1 ! be/ mode ( deal+ ) r\p & all putrid affections is z foll[s3 ,take ( f9ely pulv]iz$1 fre%-burnt *>coal1 & ( new yea/1 ea* ?ree p>ts2 ( pulv]iz$ sulphur1 two p>ts2 ( fl\r1 "o "p2 ( wat]1 a suffici5t quantity2 mix well1 & make into two doses1 ( ! size ( a hazel-nut1 & give "o ?ree times a day4 ,cleanl9ess is no less necess>y ?an w>m?2 & x w sometimes be desirable to ba! ! eyes & no/rils ) w>m milk & wat]1 or suds1 z conv5i5t4 ,,w\nds ,,& ,,sores4 ,f[ls are expos$ to w\nds f _m s\rces4 ,9 _! frequ5t enc\nt]s ) ea* o!r1 !y (t5 result2 ! p\ltry-h\se is besieg$ by enemies at night1 &1 9 spite ( all precaution1 rats1 weasels1 & o!r animals w assault ! occupants ( ! roo/1 or ne/1 to _! damage4 ,^! w\nds1 if neglect$1 (t5 deg5]ate into pa9ful & dang]\s ulc]s4 ,:5 su* injuries occur1 cleanl9ess is ! fir/ /ep t[>d a cure4 ,! w\nd %\ld be cle>$ f all =eign matt]1 wa%$ ) tepid milk & wat]1 & exclud$ z f> z possible f ! air4 ,! f[l %\ld be remov$ f its companions1 :i*1 9 su* cases1 seldom or nev] %[ any sympa?y1 b1 on ! contr>y1 are always ready to assault ! invalid1 & aggravate ! injury4 ,%\ld ! w\nd n readily heal1 b ulc]ate1 x may be ba!d ) alum-wat]4 ,! o9tm5t ( creosote is said to be effectual1 ev5 :5 ! ulc] exhibits a fung\s "*1 or pr\d fle% is pres5t4 ,ulc]s may also be kept clean1 if dress$ ) a little l>d1 or wa%$ ) a weak solution ( sug> ( lead2 if !y are indol5t1 !y may be t\*$ ) blue-/one4 ,:5 sev]e fractures occur to ! limbs ( f[ls1 ! be/ c\rse1 und\bt$ly1 to pursue--unless !y are v valuable--is to kill !m at once1 z an act ( humanity4 ,:51 h[ev]1 x is deem$ wor? :ile to pres]ve !m1 spl9ts may be us$1 :5 practicable4 ,great cleanl9ess mu/ be obs]v$2 ! diet %\ld be r$uc$2 & e precaution tak5 aga9/ ! inflammation1 :i* is sure to sup]v5e4 ,:5 x is e/abli%$1 cool+ lotions--su* z w>m milk & wat]--may be appli$4 ,,li/ ,,( ,,new ,,publications4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,mail+ ,,notice4--,s+le copies ( any ( ^! ,books w be s5t to any address1 po/-paid1 on receipt ( price4 ,?is v conv5i5t mode may be adopt$ :]e y\r neighbor+ booksell] is n suppli$ ) ! "w4 ,address1 ,,john ,e4 ,,pott] ,,co41 ,publi%]s1 ,no4 #fag ,sansom ,/reet1 ,philadelphia4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,life ,,& ,,public ,,s]vices ,,( ,,abraham ,,l9coln4 ,conta9+ 8 e>ly ,hi/ory & ,political ,c>e]4 ,by ,frank ,crosby1 ( ! ,philadelphia ,b>4 ,) ,portrait on /eel4 #abmo41 clo?4 ,price #a #ge4 ,,! ,,same ,,translat$ ,,into ,,! ,,g]man ,,language4 ,by ,pr(essor ,c>l ,!odor ,eb54 #abmo41 clo?4 ,price #a #ge4 ,,life ,,& ,,public ,,s]vices ,,( ,,/eph5 ,a4 ,,d\glas4 ,to :i* are add$ 8 ,spee*es & ,reports4 ,by ,h4 ,m4 ,fl9t4 ,) ,portrait on /eel4 #abmo41 clo?4 ,price #a #ge4 ,,life ,,( ,,daniel ,,boone1 ! ,great ,we/]n ,hunt] & ,pione]4 ,by ,cecil ,b4 ,h>tley4 ,) illu/rations4 #abmo41 clo?4 ,price #a #ge4 ,,life ,,( ,,kit ,,c>son1 ! ,great ,we/]n ,hunt] & ,guide4 ,by ,*>les ,burdett4 ,) illu/rations4 #abmo41 clo?4 ,price #a #ge4 ,,life ,,( ,,david ,,crockett1 ! ,orig9al ,humori/ & ,irrepressible ,backwoodsman4 ,) illu/rations4 #abmo41 clo?4 ,price #a #ge4 ,,life ,,& ,,adv5tures ,,( ,,miss ,,major ,,paul9e ,,cu%man1 ! ,celebrat$ ,union ,spy & ,sc\t4 ,by ,f4 ,l4 ,s>mi5to1 ,esq41 ( ! ,philadelphia ,b>4 ,) ,portrait & illu/rations4 #abmo41 clo?4 ,price #a #ge4 ,,?rill+ ,,/ories ,,( ,,! ,,great ,,rebellion4 ,includ+ an ,acc\nt ( ! ,dea? ( ,presid5t ,l9coln1 & ,capture ( ! ,assass9s4 ,by ,lieut5ant-,colonel ,*>les ,s4 ,gre5e1 late ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,army4 ,) illu/rations4 #abmo41 clo?4 ,price #a #ge4 ,,?rill+ ,,adv5tures ,,among ,,! ,,e>ly ,,settl]s4 ,embrac+ ,desp]ate ,enc\nt]s ) ,indians1 ,refugees1 ,gambl]s1 ,desp]adoes1 etc4 etc4 ,by ,w>r5 ,wildwood1 ,esq4 ,illu/rat$ by #bjj engrav+s4 #abmo41 clo?4 ,price #a #ge4 ,,?rill+ ,,incid5ts ,,9 ,,! ,,w>s ,,( ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates4 ,embrac+ all ! ,w>s previ\s to ! ,rebellion4 ,) #cjj engrav+s4 #ab mo41 clo?4 ,price #a #ge4 ,,our ,,boys4 ,! ri* & racy sc5es ( ,army & ,camp ,life1 z se5 & p>ticipat$ 9 by "o ( ! ,rank & ,file4 ,by ,a4 ,f4 ,hill1 ( ! ,eigh? ,pa4 ,res]ves4 ,) illu/rations4 #abmo41 clo?4 ,price #a #ge4 ,,our ,,campaigns2 or1 a ,?ree ,ye>s' ,t]m ( ,s]vice 9 ! ,w>4 ,by ,e4 ,m4 ,woodw>d1 ,adjutant ,second ,p5nsylvania ,res]ves4 #abmo41 clo?4 ,price #a #ge4 ,,! ,,beautiful ,,spy4 ,an excit+ /ory ( ,army & ,high ,life 9 ,new ,york 9 #aggf4 ,by ,*>les ,burdett4 #abmo41 clo?4 ,price #a #ge4 ,,! ,,royali/',s ,,daught] ,,& ,,! ,,rebels4 ,a tale ( ! ,revolution ( unusual p[] & int]e/4 ,by ,rev4 ,david ,murdo*1 ,d4 ,d4 #abmo41 clo?4 ,price #a #ge4 ,,! ,,h]o ,,girl1 & h[ %e became a ,capta9 9 ! ,army4 ,by ,?race ,talmon4 ,) illu/rations4 #abmo41 clo?4 ,price #a #ge4 ,,hunt+ ,,adv5tures ,,9 ,,! ,,nor!rn ,,wilds4 ,by ,s4 ,h4 ,hammond4 ,illu/rat$4 ,clo?4 ,price #a #ge4 ,,wild ,,nor!rn ,,sc5es4 ,by ,s4 ,h4 ,hammond1 au?or ( ,hunt+ ,adv5tures 9 ! ,nor!rn ,wilds4 ,illu/rat$4 ,clo?4 ,price #a #ge4 ,,fanny ,,hunt]',s ,,we/]n ,,adv5tures4 ,illu/rat$4 #abmo41 clo?4 ,price #a #ge4 ,,wond]ful ,,adv5tures ,,by ,,l& ,,& ,,sea ( ! ,sev5 ,que] ,travell]s :o met at an ,inn4 ,by ,josiah ,b>nes4 #abmo41 clo?4 ,price #a #ge4 ,,! ,,e>ly ,,days ,,( ,,cali=nia4 ,by ,col4 ,j4 ,t4 ,f>nham4 #abmo41 illu/rat$1 clo?4 ,price #a #ge4 ,,nic>agua1 ,,pa/1 ,,pres5t1 ,,& ,,future4 ,by ,pet] ,f4 ,/\t1 ,esq41 late ,unit$ ,/ates ,vice-,consul4 ,) a ,map4 #abmo41 clo?4 ,price #a #ge4 ,,female ,,life ,,among ,,! ,,mormons4 ,by ,m>ia ,w>d1 ! ,wife ( a ,mormon ,eld]4 ,illu/rat$4 #abmo41 clo?4 ,price #a #ge4 ,,male ,,life ,,among ,,! ,,mormons4 ,by ,au/9 ,n4 ,w>d4 ,illu/rat$4 #abmo41 clo?4 ,price #a #ge4 ,,! ,,:ite ,,rocks2 or1 ! ,robb]'s ,d54 ,a ,trag$y ( ! ,m\nta9s ( ?rill+ int]e/4 ,by ,a4 ,f4 ,hill1 au?or ( ,our ,boys1 etc4 #abmo41 clo?4 ,price #a #ge4 ,,tupp]',s ,,complete ,,poetical ,,works4 ,) ,portrait on /eel4 #abmo41 clo?4 ,price #a #ge4 ,,! ,,"y ,,lady',s ,,own ,,book4 ,an (f]+ ( ,love & ,sympa?y4 ,by ,emily ,?ornwell4 #abmo41 clo?4 ,price #a #ge4 ,,sunlight ,,& ,,%ad[2 or1 ! ,poetry ( ,home4 ,by ,h>ry ,p5cill]4 #abmo41 clo?4 ,price #a #ge4 ,,great ,,expectations4 ,by ,*>les ,dick5s4 ,) /eel engrav+s4 #abmo41 clo?4 ,price #a #ge4 ,,! ,,soldi] ,,& ,,! ,,sorc]ess2 or1 ! ,adv5tures ( ,jane ,seton4 #abmo41 clo?4 ,price #a #ge4 ,,! ,,orphan ,,boy2 or1 ,lights & ,%ad[s ( ,humble ,life4 ,by ,j]emy ,l\d4 #abmo41 clo?4 ,price #a #ge4 ,,! ,,orphan ,,girls4 ,a ,tale ( ,s\!rn ,life4 ,by ,james ,s4 ,peacocke1 ,m4 ,d41 ( ,mississippi4 #abmo41 clo?4 ,price #a #ge4 ,,book ,,( ,,anecdotes ,,& ,,jok]',s ,,knapsack4 ,includ+ ,witticisms ( ! late ,presid5t ,l9coln1 & ,humors1 ,incid5ts1 & ,absurdities ( ! ,w>4 #abmo41 clo?4 ,price #a #ge4 ,,way ,,d[n ,,ea/2 or1 ,portraitures ( ,yankee ,life4 ,by ,seba ,smi?1 ! orig9al ,major ,jack ,d[n+4 ,illu/rat$4 #abmo41 clo?4 ,price #a #ge4 ,,! ,,ladies' ,,m$ical ,,guide ,,& ,,m>riage ,,fri5d4 ,by ,s4 ,pancoa/1 ,m4 ,d41 ,pr(essor ( ,physiology 9 ,p5n ,m$ical ,univ]sity1 ,philadelphia4 ,) upw>ds ( #ajj illu/rations4 #abmo41 clo?4 ,price #a #ge4 ,,boyhood',s ,,p]ils ,,& ,,manhood',s ,,curse4 ,an e>ne/ appeal to ! "y m5 ( ,am]ica4 ,by ,s4 ,pancoa/1 ,m4 ,d4 ,) num]\s illu/rations4 #abmo41 clo?4 ,price #a #ge4 ,,! ,,curability ,,( ,,consumption by ,m$icat$ ,inhalation & ,adjunct ,rem$ies4 ,by ,s4 ,pancoa/1 ,m4 ,d4 ,) illu/rations4 ,clo?4 ,price #a #ej4 ,,! ,,am]ican ,,text-,,book4 ,conta9+ ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce1 & ,wa%+ton's ,f>ewell ,address4 #bdmo41 clo?4 ,price #be c5ts4 ,,horse ,,tra9+ ,,made ,,easy4 ,a ,new & ,practical ,sy/em ( ,tea*+ & ,educat+ ! ,horse4 ,by ,rob]t ,j5n+s1 ,v4 ,s4 ( ! ,vet]9>y ,college ( ,philadelphia1 au?or ( ,! ,horse & 8 ,diseases1 etc4 etc4 ,) illu/rations4 #afmo41 clo?4 ,price #a #be4 ,,! ,,horse ,,& ,,8 ,,diseases4 ,by ,rob]t ,j5n+s1 ,v4 ,s41 au?or ( ,horse ,tra9+ ,made ,easy1 etc4 etc4 ,) num]\s illu/rations4 #abmo41 clo?4 ,price #a #ge4 ,,cattle ,,& ,,_! ,,diseases4 ,by ,rob]t ,j5n+s1 ,v4 ,s4 ,) num]\s illu/rations4 #abmo41 clo?4 ,price #a #ge4 7,uni=m ) ! above47 ,,%eep1 ,,sw9e1 ,,& ,,p\ltry4 ,by ,rob]t ,j5n+s1 ,v4 ,s4 ,) num]\s illu/rations4 #abmo41 clo?4 ,price #a #ge4 7,uni=m ) ! above47 ,,ev]ybody',s ,,lawy] ,,& ,,c\nsellor ,,9 ,,bus9ess4 ,by ,frank ,crosby1 ,esq41 ( ! ,philadelphia ,b>4 #abmo4 ,price #a #ge4 ,,! ,,family ,,doctor2 conta9+1 9 ,pla9 ,language1 free f ,m$ical ,t]ms1 ! ,causes1 ,symptoms1 & ,cure ( ,disease 9 all =ms4 ,by ,h5ry ,s4 ,taylor1 ,m4 ,d4 ,) illu/rations4 ,clo?4 ,price #a #ej4 ,,mod]n ,,cook]y 9 all its ,bran*es4 ,by ,miss ,eliza ,acton4 ,c>efully revis$ by ,mrs4 ,s4 ,j4 ,hale4 ,) num]\s illu/rations4 #abmo41 clo?4 ,price #a #ge4 ,,! ,,e>ly ,,morn4 ,an ,address to ! ,"y on ! ,importance ( ,religion4 ,by ,john ,fo/]4 #bdmo41 clo?4 ,price #be cts4 ,,family ,,pray]s4 ,adapt$ to e day 9 ! week4 ,by ! late ,rev4 ,william ,wilb]=ce4 ,clo?4 ,price #cg c5ts4 ,,! ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,pale/9e f ! ,patri>*al ,ages to ! ,pres5t ,"t4 ,by ,john ,kitto4 ,) illu/rations4 ,clo?4 ,price #a #ej4 ,,! ,,wrea? ,,( ,,gems4 ,a gift book = ! "y ( bo? sexes4 ,by ,emily ,p]cival4 ,clo?4 ,price #a #ej4 ,,! ,,ra9b[ ,,ar\nd ,,! ,,tomb2 or1 ,rays ( ,hope = ^? :o ,m\rn4 ,by ,emily ,?ornwell4 ,clo?4 ,price #a #ej4 ,,! ,,life ,,( ,,our ,,"l ,,& ,,savi\r ,,jesus ,,*ri/1 f 8 ,inc>nation to 8 ,asc5sion into ,heav54 ,by ,rev4 ,john ,fleetwood1 ,d4 ,d4 ,) /eel & color$ plates4 ,cr[n #hvo41 libr>y /yle4 ,price #d4 ,,! ,,religi\s ,,d5om9ations ,,9 ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates4 ,_! ,hi/ory1 ,doctr9e1 ,gov]nm5t1 & ,/ati/ics4 ,by ,rev4 ,joseph ,bel*]1 ,d4 ,d41 au?or ( ,william ,c>ey1 a ,biography1 & editor ( ! ,complete ,works ( ,&rew ,full]1 ,works ( ,rob]t ,hall1 etc4 ,) ne>ly #bjj engrav+s4 ,cr[n #hvo41 libr>y /yle4 ,price #d #ej4 ,,! ,,good ,,*ild',s ,,illu/rat$ ,,in/ruction ,,book4 ,) m ?an sixty illu/rations4 ,qu>to1 b\nd 9 clo?4 ,pla9 pictures1 #a4 ,illum9at$1 #a #be4 ,,! ,,little ,,folks' ,,own ,,book4 ,) sixty illu/rations4 ,qu>to1 clo?4 ,pla9 pictures1 #a4 ,illum9at$1 #a #be4 ,,uncle ,,john',s ,,own ,,book ,,( ,,moral ,,& ,,in/ructive ,,/ories4 ,) m ?an fifty illu/rations4 ,cr[n qu>to1 clo?4 ,pla9 pictures1 #a #ej4 ,illum9at$1 #b4 ,,gr&fa!r',s ,,/ories4 ,) sixty illu/rations4 ,cr[n qu>to4 ,pla9 pictures1 #a #ej4 ,illum9at$1 #b4 ,,national ,,nurs]y ,,tales4 ,) sixty illu/rations4 ,folio1 b\nd 9 clo?4 ,pla9 pictures1 #a #ej4 ,illum9at$1 #b4 ,,national ,,fairy ,,tales4 ,) m ?an sev5ty illu/rations4 ,folio1 clo?4 ,pla9 pictures1 #a #ej4 ,illum9at$1 #b4 ,,! ,,little ,,kitt5 ,,/ories4 ,) fifty beautiful illu/rations4 ,folio1 clo?4 ,pla9 pictures1 #a #ej4 ,illum9at$1 #b4 ,,! ,,funny ,,animals4 ,) m ?an sixty illu/rations4 ,folio1 clo?4 ,pla9 pictures1 #a #ej4 ,illum9at$1 #b4 ,,our ,,n9a',s ,,pet ,,/ories4 ,) fifty beautiful illu/rations4 ,folio1 clo?4 ,pla9 pictures1 #a #ej4 ,illum9at$1 #b4 ,,family ,,& ,,pulpit ,,bibles4 ,ne>ly sixty diff]5t /yles2 ) ,family ,record & ) & )\t ,photograph ,record4 ,) clasps or o!rwise1 & rang+ 9 price f #e to #cj4 ,,juv5ile ,,& ,,toy ,,books4 ,embrac+ #aej v>ieties1 beautifully illu/rat$ & adapt$ to ! ta/es ( ! little ones ev]y:]e2 at prices rang+ f #aj c5ts to #b4 ,,photograph ,,albums 9 e size & v>iety1 hold+ f twelve to two hundr$ pictures1 & rang+ 9 price f #ge c5ts to #bj4 ,p]sons wi%+ a full catalogue ( all our ,books1 ,albums1 & ,bibles1 w please s5d two r$ /amps to pay return po/age4 ,! trade ev]y:]e suppli$ on favorable t]ms4 ,address1 ,,john ,e4 ,,pott] ,,co41 ,publi%]s1 #fag ,sansom ,/reet1 ,philadelphia4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,transcrib]'s notes3 ,sev]al m9or typographical & punctuation errors h be5 fix$4 ,inconsi/5cies 9 spell+ & hyph5ation h be5 left z 9 ! orig9al book4 ,m important *anges made3 'int]-fibr\s' *ang$ to 'int]-fibr\s spaces' 7page #ahb72 illegible text 9 orig9al tak5 z read+ '! o!r side (' 7page #bhd7 & 'omnivor\s' 7page #bij72 "p ( s5t5ce miss+ 9 orig9al1 complet$ z 'meet ) "s success' 7page #caf72 'muscles' *ang$ to 'mussels' 7page #djh72 ':ite-gr5t$' *ang$ to ':ite-front$' 7page #dac74 ,! p>ts on sw9e & p\ltry h two page numb]s 9 ! orig9al "w3 "o = t p>ticul> "p1 "o = ! complete ?ree-"p book4 ,! latt] has be5 us$ 9 ! ,table ( ,cont5ts1 ) ! =m] be+ giv5 betwe5 brackets4 ,! *apt] head]s 9 ! orig9al book consi/ ( illu/rations ) ! *apt] title includ$ 9 ! illu/ration4 ,= ! sake ( cl>ity1 ^! *apt] titles h be5 sep>at$ f ! illu/rations & are us$ z text-only *apt] titles4 ,! orig9al book does n conta9 sep>ator pages betwe5 ! ?ree p>ts3 ! illu/rations make x cle> :]e "o animal ends & ! next beg9s4 ,9 ?is text head]s h be5 includ$ to m>k ^! transitions4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------