,,! ,,read+ ,,( ,,complete   ,,engli%   
,,classics    ,,9 ,,! ,,common ,,s*ool  
,,special ,,me?od    ,,9 ,,!    ,,read+ 
,,( ,,complete   ,,engli% ,,classics    
,,9 ,,! ,,grades ,,( ,,!   ,,common     
,,s*ool    ,,by    ,,*>les              
,mc,m,u,r,r,y1 ,,ph4,d4    ,new ,york   
,,! ,,macmillan ,,company   ,,london3   
,,macmillan  ,,co41 ,,ltd4   #aijc      
,all rights res]v$       ,,copyright1   
#aijc1   ,,by ,,! ,,macmillan ,,company4
    ,set up & electrotyp$ ,octob]1      
#aijb4    ,norwood ,press   ,j4 ,s4     
,cu%+  ,co4--,b]wick  ,smi?   ,norwood  
,mass4 ,u4,s4,a4     ,,cont5ts          
,,*apt] ,i                              
,,page   ,,educational ,,value ,,(      
,,lit]ature                             
#a    ,,*apt] ,,ii    ,,! ,,use ,,(     
,,ma/]pieces ,,z ,,:oles                
#da    ,,*apt] ,,iii    ,,lit]>y        
,,mat]ials ,,= ,,! ,,five ,,upp]        
,,grades              #fg    ,,*apt]    
,,iv    ,,class-,,room ,,me?od ,,9      
,,read+                             #ajb

    ,,*apt] ,v    ,,me?od ,,fur!r       
,,discuss$ ,,& ,,illu/rat$              
#ace    ,,*apt] ,,vi    ,,! ,,value ,,( 
,,classics ,,to ,,! ,,tea*]             
#agf    ,,*apt] ,,vii    ,,li/ ,,(      
,,books                                 
#bje     ,,special ,,me?od ,,(          
,,classics     ,,*apt] ,i  ,,educational
 ,,value ,,( ,,lit]ature   ,! gradual   
introduction ( ! *oic] products (       
lit]ature into ! grades ( ! common s*ool
 has be5 go+ on = sev]al ye>s4 ,br++ !  
s*ool *ildr5 face to face ) ! ?\ghts ( !
 ma/]s has _h (t5 a ?rill+ effect1 & !  
feel+ has spread among tea*]s t a new   
door has be5 op5$ into :at ,rusk9 calls 
,! ,k+'s ,g>d5s4 ,z we /& at ?is op5    
portal to ! ,elysian ,fields (          
lit]ature1 !re may fall ^u u some?+ ( ! 
beauty1 some?+ ev5 ( ! solemn /illness1 
( ! ar*$ ca!dral ) its gold5 w9d[s4 ,b  
h[ inadequate is ! ,go?ic ca!dral1 or ! 
,greek temple1 to symbolize ! temple (  
lit]ature4  ,)9 less ?an a score ( ye>s 
!re has be5 su* read+ ( v>i$ lit]>y     

ma/]pieces by *ildr5 z to br+ u face to 
face ) a problem ( prime significance 9 
education1 ! place & importance (       
lit]ature 9 ! education ( ,am]ican      
*ildr54  ,millions ( *ildr5 are         
introduc$ ye>ly to bookl&1 & x is a     
matt] ( great] importance ?an :at       
,congress does1 :at provision is made = 
^! oncom+ millions 9 ! sunlit fields &  
=e/ glades ( lit]ature1 :]e ! boys &    
girls walk 9 happy companion%ip ) !     
wise/ & wittie/ ( our race4 ,we h n[ _h 
en\gh exp]i5ce ) ^! treasures ( culture 
to get a real =eta/e ( ! fea/ prep>$ = !
 gr[+ y\?4 ,we "k t _! appetites are ke5
 & _! dige/ive p[]s /rong4 ,x is        
incumb5t ^u educators to get a          
compreh5sive survey ( ?is l& & to       
e/imate its res\rces4 ,o!r fields (     
/udy1 l natural sci5ce1 geography1      
music1 etc41 are und]go+ ! same scrut9y 
z to _! educative value4 ,lit]ature1    
c]ta9ly a pe] 9 ! hi]>*y ( great /udies1
 if n supreme 9 value above o!rs1 is "o 
( ! mo/ difficult to e/imate4 ,tangible 

pro(s ( ! vital culture-=ce ( good      
lit]ature ^u gr[+ m9ds c be giv5 9 _m   
individual cases4 ,b to :at degree x has
 g5]al or univ]sal fitness to awak51    
/r5g!n1 & ref9e all m9ds1 is 9 dispute4 
,x seems cle>1 at lea/1 t only ^? :o %[ 
ta/e & en?usiasm = a *oice piece (      
lit]ature c tea* x ) success4 ,?is      
requirem5t ( appreciation & enjoym5t ( !
 /udy is m imp]ative 9 lit]ature1       
because its appeal is n m]ely to !      
intellect & ! reason1 z 9 o!r /udies1 b 
especially to ! emotions & high]        
ae/hetic judgm5ts1 to moral & religi\s  
s5tim5t 9 ideal repres5tation4  ,x has  
be5 (t5 obs]v$ t discussions ( ! sup]ior
 educative value ( lit]ature be=e bodies
 ( tea*]s1 :ile ent]ta9+ & delightful1  
fall f> %ort ( la/+ results because ( ! 
tea*]s' n>r[ exp]i5ce ) lit]ature4 ,9 ! 
case ( _m tea*]s1 ! primitive alphabet (
 lit]>y appreciation is lack+1 & ! mo/  
en?usia/ic appeals to ! *>m & exaltation
 ( su* /udies fall h>mless4 ,yet        
lit]ature 9 ! s*ools is hopeless )\t    

tea*]s :o h felt at home 9 ?is          
delightsome l&1 ?is mo/ real _w ( ideal 
/r5g? & beauty4  ,! discussion ( !      
subject = tea*]s is beset1 !re=e1 )     
peculi> & seem+ly insurm\ntable         
difficulties4 ,! /r5g?1 *>m1 & ref9em5t 
( lit]ature are kn[n only to ^? :o h    
read ! ma/]s ) delight1 :ile ev5 p (    
cultur$ ta/e li/5 d\btfully to ! praise 
( au?ors !y h nev] read4 ,to "o enam\r$ 
( ! music ( ,t5nyson's songs1 ! v       
sugge/ion ( ,9 ,memoriam awak5s         
en?usiasm4 ,to "o :o has n read ,t5nyson
 & 8 l1 sil5ce on ! subject is gold54   
,to ^? n mu* travell$ 9 ! fields (      
lit]ature1 !re is dang] ( speak+ 9 an   
unkn[n tongue1 :ile !y1 ( all o!rs1 ne$ 
a pla9 & conv9c+ ^w4 ,to speak ?is pla9 
& conv9c+ ^w to ^? :o may h acquir$ b   
little reli% = lit]ature1 & t little    
only 9 ! fragm5t>y selections ( ! s*ool 
read]s1 is a high & difficult aim4 ,b   
tea*]s are will+ to le>n1 & to discov]  
new s\rces ( en?usiasm 9 _! pr(ession4  
,x is probable1 also1 t ! orig9al       

capacity to enjoy great lit]ature is mu*
 m common ?an is (t5 suppos$1 & t !     
great av]age ( tea*]s is q capable (    
receiv+ ?is p[]ful /imulus4 ,! fact is1 
our common s*ools h done s little1 till 
( late1 to cultivate ?is f9e ta/e1 t we 
h fa9t reason to expect x 9 our tea*]s4 
,ov]:elm$ z we are ) ! folly ( indulg+ 9
 ! praise ( lit]ature be=e _m ^: e>s h  
be5 b poorly attun$ to ! sweet melody or
 maje/ic rhy?m ( ! ma/]s1 we /ill make  
bold to grapple ) ?is argum5t4 ,!re is  
surely no subject to :i* ! tea*]s ne$ m 
to op5 _! eyes & e>s & bett] nature1 s z
 to take 9 ! enri*m5t x af=ds4 ,!re is  
enc\ragem5t 9 ! fact t _m tea*]s fully  
appreciate ! wor? ( ^! writ]s1 & h      
succe$$ 9 mak+ _! works beautiful &     
educative to ! *ildr54 ,v _m o!r tea*]s 
are capable ( ! full refre%+ enjoym5t ( 
classic works1 :5 _! att5tion & labor   
are prop]ly exp5d$ ^u !m4 ,! colleges1  
univ]sities1 high s*ools1 & normal      
s*ools h l>gely ab&on$ ! dull epitomiz+ 
( lit]ature1 ! talk ab\t au?ors1 = !    

/udy ( ! works !mselves ( ! ma/]s4 ,!   
consequ5ce is1 t ! /udy ( lit]ature 9   
,engli% is becom+ an en?usiasm1 & tea*]s
 ( ?is type are multiply+4  ,! deep]    
causes = ?is widespread lack ( lit]>y   
appreciation among ! p1 & ev5 among     
tea*]s & s*ol>s1 is f\nd p>tly 9 !      
practical1 sci5tific1 & utilit>ian _s ( 
! age1 & p>tly 9 ! correspond+ unlit]>y 
c\rses ( /udy :i* h prevail$ ev]y:]e 9  
our common s*ools4 ,! abs5ce ( lit]>y   
/&>ds & ta/e among tea*]s is due l>gely 
to ! failure ( ! s*ools !mselves1       
hi!rto1 to cultivate ?is sort (         
pr(ici5cy4 ,^? v qualities :i* give to  
lit]ature its supreme excell5ce1 its    
poetic beauty1 its arti/ic f9i% &       
idealism1 are among ! highe/ fruits (   
culture1 & are f> m difficult ( atta9m5t
 ?an m]e k4 ,x is no small ?+ to        
introduce ! r>e/ & f9e/ culture ( ! _w  
into ! common s*ool1 & ?us propagate1 9 
! broade/ democratic fa%ion1 t :i* is ! 
peculi>1 sup]ior ref9em5t ( ! *oice/    
spirits ( ! _w4 ,if progress 9 ?is      

direction is sl[1 we may rememb] t ! be/
 ideals are sl[ ( atta9m5t4  ,!re is    
also an intangible quality 9 all        
fir/-class lit]ature1 :i* is n capable (
 exact description or demon/ration4     
,george ,willis ,cooke1 9 ,poets &      
,problems 7pp4 #ca-cb71 says3--  ,poetry
 ent]s into ^? high] regions ( human    
exp]i5ce conc]n+ :i* no def9ite acc\nt c
 be giv52 :]e all words fail2 ab\t :i*  
all we "k is to be obta9$ by h9ts1      
symbols1 poetic figures1 & imag+s4      
,poetry is tru] & m helpful ?an prose1  
because x p5etrates ^? regions ( feel+1 
beauty1 & spiritual reality1 :]e        
def9itions h no place or ju/ification4  
,!re w\ld be no poetry if life 7 limit$ 
to :at we c und]/&2 nor w\ld !re be any 
religion4 ,inde$1 ! joy1 ! beauty1 & !  
promise ( life w\ld all be gone if !re 7
 no?+ :i* rea*es beyond our p[]s (      
def9ition4 ,! my/]y ( exi/5ce makes !   
gr&eur & wor? ( man's nature1 z x makes 
= him 8 poetry & 8 religion4 ,poetry    
sugge/s1 h9ts1 images =?1 :at is too    

wond]ful1 too transc5d5t1 too ne> primal
 reality1 too full ( life1 beauty1 &    
joy1 = explanation or compreh5sion4 ,x  
embodies man's long+ aft] ! ,et]nal ,"o1
 expresses 8 s5se ( ! deep my/]y ( ,be+1
 voices 8 s\l sorr[1 illum9es 8 pa? )   
hope & objects ( beauty4 ,man's         
aspiration1 8 s5se ( imp]fection1 8     
ye>n+ = a su/a9+ tru? & reality1 z !    
life )9 & ov] all ?+s1 f9d expression 9 
poetry2 because x (f]s ! fitte/ m$ium ( 
int]pretation = ^! high] movem5ts ( s\l4
 ,:5ev] ! s\l feels deeply1 or is /irr$ 
by a great ?\ght1 ! poetic =m ( utt]ance
 at once becomes ! mo/ natural &        
desirable = its lov+ & fai?ful          
int]pretation4  ,?is intangible         
excell5ce ( sup]ior lit]ature1 :i*      
defies all exact measurem5t by !        
y>d/ick1 puzzles ! practical man & !    
sci5ti/4 ,!re is no way ( gett+ at x )  
_! tools & measurem5ts4 ,!y are v apt to
 give x up 9 disgu/ & dismiss x ) "s    
uncomplim5t>y "n4 ,b ,%akespe>e's mild  
reign cont9ues1 & old ,hom] s+s 8       

dea?less song to ^? :o wi% to he>4      
,tea*]s ne$ bo? ! exact me?ods ( sci5ce 
& ! spiritual life ( ! poets1 & we may  
well sp5d "s pa9s 9 f9d+ out ! life-giv+
 prop]ties ( good lit]ature4  ,l[ell1 9 
8 ,books & ,libr>ies1 says3--  ,to wa%  
d[n ! dri] morsels t e libr>y mu/       
necess>ily (f] at its bo>d1 let !re be  
pl5ty ( imag9ative lit]ature1 & let its 
range be n too n>r[ to /ret* f ,dante to
 ! eld] ,dumas4 ,! _w ( ! imag9ation is 
n ! _w ( ab/raction & non5tity1 z "s    
conceive1 b a _w =m$ out ( *aos by a    
s5se ( ! beauty t is 9 man & ! e>? on   
:i* he dwells4 ,x is ! realm (          
,might-be1 our hav5 ( refuge f !        
%ortcom+s & disillusions ( life4 ,x is1 
to quote ,sp5s]1 :o knew x well1--  ',! 
_w's sweet inn f c>e & we>isome         
turmoil4' ,d we believe1 !n1 t ,god gave
 u 9 mock]y ?is spl5did faculty (       
sympa?y ) ?+s t are a joy =ev]8 ,= my   
"p1 ,i believe t ! love & /udy ( works (
 imag9ation is ( practical utility 9 a  
c\ntry s pr(\ndly mat]ial 7or1 z we l to

 call x1 practical7 9 its lead+ t5d5cies
 z ours4 ,! hung] aft] purely           
intellectual delights1 ! cont5t ) ideal 
possessions1 _c b be good = u 9 ma9ta9+ 
a :olesome balance ( ! "* & ( !         
faculties4 ,i = "o %all nev] be p]suad$ 
t ,%akespe>e left a less useful legacy  
to 8 c\ntrym5 ?an ,watt4 ,we hold all ! 
deepe/1 all ! highe/1 satisfactions (   
life z t5ants ( imag9ation4 ,nature w   
keep up ! supply ( :at are call$        
h>d-head$ p )\t our help1 &1 if x come  
to t1 !re are o!r z good uses = heads z 
at ! end ( batt]+-rams4  ,b h y ev]     
rightly consid]$ :at ! m]e ability to   
read means8 ,t x is ! key :i* admits u  
to ! :ole _w ( ?\ght & fancy &          
imag9ation8 to ! company ( sa9t & sage1 
( ! wise/ & wittie/ at _! wise/ &       
wittie/ mom5ts8 ,t x enables u to see ) 
! ke5e/ eyes1 he> ) ! f9e/ e>s1 & li/5  
to ! sweete/ voices ( all "t8 ,m ?an t1 
x annihilates "t & space = u2 x revives 
= u )\t a miracle ! ,age ( ,wond]1 end[+
 u ) ! %oes ( swiftness & ! cap (       

d>kness1 s t we walk invisible l        
f]n-se$1 & witness unh>m$ ! plague at   
,a!ns or ,flor5ce or ,london2 accompany 
,caes> on 8 m>*es1 or look 9 on ,catil9e
 9 c\ncil ) 8 fell[-conspirators1 or    
,guy ,fawkes 9 ! cell> ( ,/4 ,/eph5's4  
,we (t5 he> ( p :o w desc5d to any      
s]vility1 submit to any insult1 = ! sake
 ( gett+ !mselves or _! *ildr5 into :at 
is euphemi/ically call$ good society4   
,did x ev] occur to !m t !re is a select
 society ( all ! c5turies to :i* !y &   
!irs c be admitt$ = ! ask+1 a society1  
too1 :i* w n involve !m 9 ru9\s exp5se1 
& /ill m ru9\s wa/e ( "t & heal? &      
faculties8  ,! ri*es ( s*ol>%ip1 !      
b5ignities ( lit]ature1 defy =tune &    
outlive calamity4 ,!y are beyond ! rea* 
( ?ief or mo? or ru/4 ,z !y _c be       
inh]it$1 s !y _c be ali5at$4 ,b !y may  
be %>$1 !y may be di/ribut$4  ,?is      
notion ( ! select companion%ip ( books  
f9ds also happy expression 9 ,rusk9's   
,sesame & ,lilies3--  ,we may intrude t5
 m9utes' talk on a cab9et m9i/]1 answ]$ 

probably ) words worse ?an sil5ce1 be+  
deceptive2 or snat*1 once or twice 9 our
 lives1 ! privilege ( ?r[+ a b\quet 9 ! 
pa? ( a pr9cess1 or arre/+ ! k9d glance 
( a que54 ,& yet ^! mom5t>y *ances we   
covet2 & sp5d our ye>s1 & passions1 &   
p[]s 9 pursuit ( little m ?an ^!2 :ile1 
meantime1 !re is a society cont9ually   
op5 to u1 ( p :o w talk to u z long z we
 l1 :atev] our rank or occupation2--talk
 to u 9 ! be/ words !y c *oose1 & )     
?anks if we li/5 to !m4 ,& ?is society1 
because x is s num]\s & s g5tle1--& c be
 kept wait+ r\nd u all day long1 n to   
grant audi5ce1 b to ga9 x2 k+s & /atesm5
 l+]+ pati5tly 9 ^? pla9ly furni%$ &    
n>r[ ant]ooms1 our bookcase %elves1--we 
make no acc\nt ( t company1--p]haps nev]
 li/5 to a ^w !y w\ld say1 all day long6
  ,?is c\rt ( ! pa/ diff]s f all liv+   
ari/ocracy 9 ?is3 x is op5 to labor & to
 m]it1 b to no?+ else4 ,no weal? w      
bribe1 no "n ov]awe1 no artifice        
deceive1 ! gu>dian ( ^? ,elysian gates4 
,9 ! deep s5se1 no vile or vulg> p]son  

ev] ent]s !re4 ,at ! porti]es ( t sil5t 
,faub\rg ,/4-,g]ma91 !re is b brief "q1 
',d y des]ve to ent]8' ',pass4 ,d y ask 
to be ! companions ( nobles8 ,make      
y\rself noble1 & y %all be4 ,d y long = 
! conv]sation ( ! wise8 ,le>n to und]/& 
x1 & y %all he> x4 ,b on o!r t]ms8--no4 
,if y w n rise to u1 we _c /oop to y4 ,!
 liv+ "l may assume c\rtesy1 ! liv+     
philosoph] expla9 8 ?\ght to y )        
consid]able pa92 b "h we nei!r feign nor
 int]pret2 y mu/ rise to ! level ( our  
?\ghts if y w\ld be gladd5$ by !m1 & %>e
 our feel+s1 if y w\ld recognize our    
pres5ce4'  ,wordswor? says3--           
,books1 we "k1   ,are a sub/antial _w1  
bo? pure & good2   ,r\nd ^!1 ) t5drils  
/rong z fle% & blood1   ,our pa/ime &   
our happ9ess w gr[4  ,c>lyle says3--    
,we le>n to read1 9 v>i\s languages1 9  
v>i\s sci5ces2 we le>n ! alphabet &     
lett]s ( all mann] ( ,books4 ,b ! place 
:]e we are to get k1 ev5 !oretic k1 is !
 ,books !mselves6 ,x dep5ds on :at we   
read1 aft] all mann] ( ,pr(essors h done

 _! be/ = u4 ,! true ,univ]sity ( ^!    
days is a ,collection ( ,books4  ,7 we  
will+ to accept ! te/imony ( great      
writ]s & ?9k]s1 we %\ld b too quickly   
ackn[l$ge ! supreme value ( books4      
,james ,baldw91 9 ! fir/ *apt] ( 8 ,book
 ,lov]1 has collect$ m ?an a score ( l  
utt]ances ( great writ]s ,9 ,praise (   
,books4 ,su* te/imony may at lea/ sugge/
 to "s ( u :o h drunk b sp>+ly ( !      
refre%+ spr+s ( lit]ature1 t !re are    
bett] ?+s 9 /ore = u4  ,we w fir/       
inquire into ^? vital elem5ts ( /r5g?   
:i* are peculi> to lit]ature4  ,"o ( !  
elem5ts t goes into ! make-up ( a       
ma/]piece ( lit]ature is its und]ly+1   
p]man5t tru?4 ,:e!r writt5 to-day or 9  
e>li] c5turies1 x mu/ conta9 la/+       
qualities t d n fade away or blea* out  
or decay4 ,"t & wea!r d n /a9 or de/roy 
its m]it4 ,"s classics1 z ,gray's       
,elegy1 or ,?anatopsis1 are l cut       
diamonds4 ,! quality t gives !m =ce &   
brilliancy is inh]5t1 & ! =m 9 :i* !y   
appe> has be5 wr\ght out by an arti/4 ,!

 fundam5tal value ( a classic is ! deep1
 significant tru? :i*1 l ! gra9 9 f9e   
woods1 is wr\ght into its v /ructure4 ,!
 arti/ :o m\lds a ma/]piece l ,eno*     
,ard5 or ,! ,sc>let ,lett] is n a writ] 
( tempor>y fame4 ,! tru? to :i* he feels
 impell$ to give expression is /rong1   
natural1 human tru?1 :i* has no beg9n+ &
 no end4 ,x is true =ev]4 ,s*ill]'s     
,william ,tell1 ?\gh idealiz$1 is a     
human h]o ) ! he>ty ?\ghts ( a real man4
 ,%ylock is a ,jew ( fle% & blood1 :o w 
laugh if he is tickl$1 & break into ang]
 if he is ?w>t$4 ,! true poet builds ^u 
et]nal f\ndations4 ,! bookmak] or rhym] 
is satisfi$ ) empty or fleet+ ?\ghts & )
 a pass+ notoriety4 ,new books are (t5  
caught up & blazon$ z classics :i* a few
 ye>s reveal z pat*work & t9sel4 ,"t is 
a sure te/4 ,%[y t9sel ru/s & dulls its 
lu/re1 :ile simple poetic tru? %9es )   
gr[+ brightness4  ,s*legel1 9 8         
,dramatic ,art & ,lit]ature1 ?us        
contra/s ! false & ! true 7pp4          
#ah-ai73--  ,poetry1 tak5 9 its wide/   

acceptation1 z ! p[] ( creat+ :at is    
beautiful1 & repres5t+ x to ! eye or !  
e>1 is a univ]sal gift ( ,heav51 be+ %>$
 to a c]ta9 ext5t ev5 by ^? :om we call 
b>b>ians & savages4 ,int]nal excell5ce  
is alone decisive1 & :]e ?is exi/s we   
mu/ n all[ ourselves to be repell$ by ! 
ext]nal appe>ance4 ,ev]y?+ mu/ be trac$ 
up to ! root ( human nature3 if x has   
sprung f !nce1 x has an und\bt$ wor? (  
its own2 b if1 )\t possess+ a liv+ g]m1 
x is m]ely ext]nally atta*$ !reto1 x w  
nev] ?rive nor acquire a prop] gr[?4 ,_m
 productions :i* appe> at fir/ sight    
dazzl+ ph5om5a 9 ! prov9ce ( ! f9e arts1
 & :i* z a :ole h be5 honor$ ) !        
appellation ( works ( a gold5 age1      
resemble ! mimic g>d5s ( *ildr53        
impati5t to witness ! "w ( _! h&s1 !y   
break (f "h & !re bran*es & fl[]s1 &    
plant !m 9 ! e>?2 ev]y?+ at fir/ assumes
 a noble appe>ance3 ! *ildi% g>d5] /ruts
 pr\dly up & d[n among 8 %[y b$s1 till !
 rootless plants beg9 to droop1 & hang  
_! )]$ leaves & blossoms1 & no?+ soon   

rema9s b ! b>e twigs1 :ile ! d>k =e/1 on
 :i* no art or c>e 0 ev] be/[$1 & :i*   
t[]$ up t[>d heav5 long be=e human      
remembrance1 be>s e bla/ un%ak51 & fills
 ! solit>y behold] ) religi\s awe4  ,9 8
 ,poets & ,problems1 ,george ,willis    
,cooke fitly portrays ! poet's function 
7pp4 #db1 #cb1 & #dd73--  ,! poet mu/ be
 ei!r a tea*] or an arti/2 or1 :at is   
bett]1 he may be bo? 9 "o4 ,!re=e1 he c 
nev] /op at =m or at :at delights & *>ms
 m]ely4 ,he mu/ g on to ! expression (  
some?+ ( deep & real abid+ness ( ?\ght &
 beauty4 ,?is comes at la/ to be ! real 
?+ = :i* he works1 :i* he seeks to br+  
into expression ) su* p[] & gr&eur 9 x z
 he c produce1 & :i* he wills to s5d =? 
= ! sake ( ?is high] impression on ! _w4
  ,man has )9 him a ne$ = ! food :i*    
does n p]i%2 he always is f9d+ anew t he
 _c live by bread alone4 ,8 m9d w crave 
tru?1 8 he>t love1 some:at to satisfy ! 
inw>d ne$s ( life4 ,a heav5ly           
homesickness w draw him away f ! mat]ial
 to ^? ae/hetic & spiritual realities   

:i* are at ! s\rce ( ! true/ poetry4    
,:5ev] ^! wants f9d fit int]pretation1 !
 poet & ! poetic me?od ( expression     
appe> & give to !m outw>d =ms ( beauty4 
,consequ5tly ! poet is    ',"o 9 :om    
p]suasion & belief   ,h rip5$ into fai?1
 & fai? become   ,a passionate          
intuition4'  ,! true poet is ! man ( 8  
"t :o is mo/ alive1 :o feels1 sees1 &   
kn[s ! mo/4 ,9 ! measure ( 8 life he is 
! greate/ man ( 8 age & c\ntry4 ,8 eye  
sees f>!r & m cle>ly2 8 he>t beats m    
w>mly & ) a m univ]sal sympa?y2 8 ?\ght 
runs deep] & ) a swift] curr5t1 ?an is !
 case ) o!r m54 ,he is ! oracle & guide1
 ! inspir] & ! fri5d1 ( ^? to :om he    
s+s4 ,he creates life "u ! ribs ( dead  
tradition2 he illum9es ! pres5t ) he>t  
flames ( beacon+ tru?1 & he makes !     
future seem l home joys f> (f1 b draw+  
ev] nigh]4 ,! poet is ! _w's lov]4      
,em]son f\nd ! ,greeks /&+ z close to   
nature & tru? z himself 7,essay on      
,hi/ory73--  ,! co/ly *>m ( ! anci5t    
trag$y1 & inde$ ( all old lit]ature1 is1

 t ! p]sons speak simply1--speak z      
p]sons :o h great good s5se )\t kn[+ x1 
be=e yet ! reflective habit has become !
 pr$om9ant habit ( ! m9d4 ,our          
admiration ( ! antique is n admiration (
 ! old1 b ( ! natural4 ,! ,greeks are n 
reflective1 b p]fect 9 _! s5ses & 9 _!  
heal?1 ) ! f9e/ physical organization 9 
! _w4 ,adults act$ ) ! simplicity &     
grace ( *ildr54  ,9 8 ,def5ce ( ,poetry 
,%elley says3--  ,poetry ?us makes      
immortal all t is be/ & mo/ beautiful 9 
! _w2 x arre/s ! vani%+ app>itions :i*  
haunt ! int]lunations ( life1 &1 veil+  
!m or 9 language or 9 =m1 s5ds !m =?    
among mank9d1 be>+ sweet news ( k9dr$   
joy to ^? ) :om _! si/]s abide--abide1  
because !re is no portal ( expression f 
! cav]ns ( ! _s :i* !y inhabit into !   
univ]se ( ?+s4 ,poetry r$eems f decay ! 
visitations ( ! div9ity 9 man4  ,c>lyle1
 9 8 ,h]oes & ,h]o-wor%ip1 portrays !   
deep] art & insight ( ! poet ?us3--  ,= 
my own "p1 ,i f9d consid]able mean+ 9 ! 
old vulg> di/9ction ( ,poetry be+       

metrical1 hav+ music 9 x1 be+ a ,song4  
,truly1 if press$ to give a def9ition1  
"o might say ?is z soon z any?+ else3   
,if y\r del9eation be au!ntically       
musical1 musical n 9 ^w only1 b 9 he>t &
 sub/ance1 9 all ! ?\ghts & utt]ances ( 
x1 9 ! :ole conception ( x1 !n x w be   
poetical2 if n1 n4 ,musical3 h[ mu* lies
 9 t6 ,a musical ?\ght is "o spok5 by a 
m9d t has p5etrat$ into ! inmo/ he>t ( !
 ?+2 detect$ ! inmo/ my/]y ( x1 namely !
 melody t lies hidd5 9 x2 ! inw>d h>mony
 ( coh]5ce :i* is its s\l1 :]eby x      
exi/s1 & has a "r to be1 "h 9 ?is _w4   
,all inmo/ ?+s1 we may say1 are         
melodi\s2 naturally utt] !mselves 9     
,song4 ,! mean+ ( ,song goes deep4 ,:o  
is !re t1 9 logical words1 c express !  
effect music has ^u u8 ,a k9d (         
in>ticulate unfa?omable spee*1 :i* leads
 u to ! edge ( ! ,inf9ite1 & lets u =   
mom5ts gaze into t6  ,nay all spee*1 ev5
 ! commone/ spee*1 has some?+ ( song 9  
x3 n a p>i% 9 ! _w b has its            
p>i%-acc5t2--! rhy?m or tune to :i* ! p 

!re s+ :at !y h to say6 ,acc5t is a k9d 
( *ant+2 all m5 h acc5t ( _! own1--?\gh 
!y only notice t ( o!rs4 ,obs]ve1 too1  
h[ all passionate language does ( itself
 become musical1--) a f9] music ?an !   
m]e acc5t2 ! spee* ( a man ev5 9 zeal\s 
ang] becomes a *ant1 a song4 ,all deep  
?+s are ,song4 ,x seems someh[ ! v      
c5tral ess5ce ( u1 ,song2 z if all ! re/
 7 b wrappages & hulls4 ,! primal elem5t
 ( u2 ( u1 & ( all ?+s4 ,! ,greeks fabl$
 ( ,sph]e-,h>monies3 x 0 ! feel+ !y _h (
 ! inn] /ructure ( ,nature2 t ! s\l (   
all h] voices & utt]ances 0 p]fect      
music4 ,poetry1 !re=e1 we w call musical
 ,?\ght4 ,! ,poet is he :o ?9ks 9 t     
mann]4 ,at bottom1 x turns /ill on p[] (
 intellect2 x is a man's s9c]ity & dep? 
( vision t makes him a ,poet4 ,see deep 
en\gh1 & y see musically2 ! he>t (      
,nature be+ ev]y:]e music1 if y c only  
rea* x4  ,or inde$ we may say aga91 x is
 9 :at ,i call$ ,portrait-pa9t+1        
del9eat+ ( m5 & ?+s1 especially ( m51 t 
,%akespe>e is great4 ,all ! greatness ( 

! man comes out decisively "h4 ,x is    
unexampl$1 ,i ?9k1 t calm creative      
p]spicacity ( ,%akespe>e4 ,! ?+ he looks
 at reveals n ?is or t face ( x1 b its  
inmo/ he>t1 & g5]ic secret3 x dissolves 
itself z 9 light be=e him1 s t he       
disc]ns ! p]fect /ructure ( x4          
,creative1 we said3 poetic creation1 :at
 is ?is1 too1 b see+ ! ?+ suffici5tly8  
,! ^w t w describe ! ?+1 foll[s ( itself
 f su* cle> int5se sight ( ! ?+4 ,& is n
 ,%akespe>e's morality1 8 valor1 c&or1  
tol]ance1 tru?fulness2 8 :ole victori\s 
/r5g? & greatness1 :i* c triumph ov] su*
 ob/ructions1 visible !re too8 ,great z 
! _w6 ,no twi/$1 poor convex-concave    
mirror1 reflect+ all objects ) its own  
convexities & concavities2 a p]fectly   
level mirror1--t is to say )al1 if we w 
und]/& x1 a man ju/ly relat$ to all ?+s 
& m51 a good man4 ,x is truly a lordly  
spectacle h[ ?is great s\l takes 9 all  
k9ds ( m5 & objects1 a ,fal/aff1 an     
,o!llo1 a ,juliet1 a ,coriolanus2 sets  
!m all =? to u 9 _! r\nd complet5ess2   

lov+1 j1 ! equal bro!r ( all4 ',novum   
,organum1' & all ! intellect y w f9d 9  
,bacon1 is ( a q second>y ord]2 e>?y1   
mat]ial1 poor 9 comp>ison ) ?is4 ,among 
mod]n m51 "o f9ds1 9 /rictness1 almo/   
no?+ ( ! same rank4 ,goe! alone1 s9ce ! 
days ( ,%akespe>e1 rem9ds me ( x4 ,(    
him1 too1 y say t he saw ! object2 y may
 say :at he himself says ( ,%akespe>e1  
',8 *>act]s are l wat*es ) dial-plates (
 transp>5t cry/al2 !y %[ y ! h\r l o!rs1
 & ! inw>d me*anism also is all         
visible4'  ,dante1 = dep? ( s9c]ity1 is 
l an antique ,prophet1 too2 8 words1 l  
!irs1 come f 8 v he>t4 ,"o ne$ n wond]  
if x 7 pr$ict$ t 8 ,poem might be ! mo/ 
endur+ ?+ our ,europe has yet made2 =   
no?+ s endures z a truly spok5 ^w4 ,all 
ca!drals1 pontificalities1 brass & /one1
 & out] arrangem5t nev] s la/+1 are     
brief 9 comp>ison to an unfa?omable     
he>t-song l ?is3 "o feels z if x might  
survive1 /ill ( importance to m51 :5 ^! 
_h all sunk into new irrecognizable     
comb9ations1 & _h ceas$ individually to 

be4 ,europe has made mu*2 great cities1 
great empires1 encyclopa$ias1 cre$s1    
bodies ( op9ion & practice3 b x has made
 little ( ! class ( ,dante's ,?\ght4    
,hom] yet is1 v]itably pres5t face to   
face ) e op5 s\l ( u2 & ,greece1 :]e is 
x8 ,desolate = ?\s&s ( ye>s2 away1      
vani%$2 a bewild]$ heap ( /ones &       
rubbi%1 ! life & exi/5ce ( x all gone4  
,l a dream2 l ! du/ ( ,k+ ,agamemnon6   
,greece 02 ,greece1 except 9 ! words x  
spoke1 is n4  ,j4 ,c4 ,%airp1 9 8 ,on   
,poetic ,int]pretation ( ,nature 7p4    
#ai71 says3--  ,! real nature & intr9sic
 tru? ( ,poetry w be made m app>5t1 if  
we may turn aside = a mom5t to reflect  
on ! ess5ce ( t /ate ( m9d :i* we call  
poetic1 ! g5esis ( t creation :i* we    
call ,poetry4 ,:5ev] any object ( s5se1 
or spectacle ( ! out] _w1 any tru? (    
reason1 or ev5t ( pa/ hi/ory1 any fact (
 human exp]i5ce1 any moral or spiritual 
reality2 :5ev]1 9 %ort1 any fact or     
object :i* ! s5se1 or ! intellect1 or ! 
s\l1 or ! _s ( man c appreh5d1 comes    

home to "o s z to t\* him to ! quick1 to
 pi]ce him ) a m ?an usual vividness &  
s5se ( reality1 !n is awak5$ t /irr+ ( !
 imag9ation1 t gl[ ( emotion1 9 :i*     
,poetry is born4 ,!re is no tru?        
cognizable by man :i* may n %ape itself 
into ,poetry4  ,! passages j quot$ are b
 examples ( _m t might be cit$ express+ 
! /r5g? & scope ( ! poetic _s1 its      
tru?-reveal+ quality1 its p5etrat+ yet  
compreh5sive grasp ( ! realities4       
,%elley says1 ,a poem is ! v image (    
life express$ 9 its et]nal tru?2 &      
,wordswor? t poetry is ! brea? & f9] _s 
( all k4 ,^! utt]ances w h>dly be deem$ 
poetical extravagancies to "o :o has    
read su* ?+s z ! ,n9etie? ,psalm1 ,k+   
,le>1 or ,! ,des]t$ ,village1 or ,ela9e4
  ,!re is no =m ( inspir+ tru? :i* does 
n f9d expression 9 lit]ature1 b x is    
preem95tly a revelation ( human life &  
exp]i5ce1 a proclamation f ! h\setops ( 
! supreme beauty & excell5ce ( tru? &   
virtue4 ,?is br+s u close to ! "q (     
moral education1 & ! elem5ts 9 lit]ature

 t contribute to ?is end4 ,lit]>y       
critics are quick to take al>m at !     
prop5sity ( ! s*oolma/] & ! morali/ to  
make lit]ature ! vehicle ( moral tra9+4 
,to saddle ! poets ) a moral purpose    
w\ld be l *ang+ ,pegasus into a         
pl\gh-horse4 ,b ! moral quality 9 ! be/ 
lit]ature is n some?+ saddl$ on1 x is r 
l ! frame & muscle :i* give /r5g? to !  
body1 or1 to use a m fitt+ figure1 x is 
! v pulse & he>t-beat ( ! highe/        
idealism4 ,! pron5ess t[>d moraliz+1    
t[>d =mal didacticism1 c be be/ ( all   
correct$ by ! use ( *oice lit]ature4 ,! 
be/ lit]ature is free f moral p$antry1 b
 full ( moral sugge/ion & /imulus4      
,edmund ,cl>5ce ,/$man says1 9 8 ,nature
 & ,elem5ts ( ,poetry 7p4 #baf73--  ,!  
highe/ wisdom--t ( e?ics--seems closely 
affiliat$ ) poetic tru?4 ,a prosaic     
moral is injuri\s to virtue1 by mak+ x  
repulsive4 ,! mom5t goodness becomes    
t$i\s & unideal 9 a "w ( art1 x is n    
real goodness2 ! w\ld-be arti/1 ?\gh a v
 sa9t1 has mi/ak5 8 =m ( expression4 ,on

 ! o!r h&1 extreme beauty & p[] 9 a poem
 or picture always c>ry a moral1 !y are 
insep>able f a c]ta9 e?ical /&>d2 :ile  
vice sugge/s a depravity4444 ,an        
obtrusive moral 9 poetic =m is a fraud  
on its face1 & outlaw$ ( art4 ,b t all  
great poetry is ess5tially e?ical is    
pla9 f any consid]ation ( ,hom]1 ,dante1
 & ! be/ dramati/s & lyri/s1 old & new4 
,9 lit]ature1 z 9 life1 ^? p]sons make !
 /ronge/ moral impression :o h ! lea/   
express discussion ( morals4 ,_! actions
 speak1 & ! moral qualities appe>1 n 9  
didactic =mality & isolation1 b 9 _!    
life sett+4 ,?is is se5 9 ! great       
dramas1 novels1 & epic poems4  ,^!      
ma/]pieces are ( /rong & la/+ value to !
 s*ools because !y br+ out human conduct
 & "* 9 a ri* v>iety ( =ms correspond+  
to life4 ,aga9/ ! backgr\nd ( sc5]y     
creat$ by ! poet1 m5 & wom5 & *ildr5 m>*
 along to _! v>i$ p]=mances4 ,!seus1    
,ulysses1 ,crusoe1 ,aladd91 ,alfr$1     
,horatius1 ,c9d]ella1 ,portia1          
,evangel9e1--!y speak & act be=e u ) all

 ! realism & fidelity to human in/9cts  
peculi> to ! poet's art4 ,^! m5 & wom51 
:o are set 9 action be=e u1 /ir up all  
our dormant ?\ght-en]gy4 ,we obs]ve &   
judge _! motives & approve or condemn _!
 actions4 ,we are /irr$ to sympa?y or   
pity or ang]4 ,su* an int5se /udy (     
motives & conduct1 z (f]$ 9 lit]ature1  
is l a fre% spr+ f :i* well up /r5g!n+  
wat]s4 ,! w>m? & en]gy ) :i* judgm5ts   
are pass$ ^u ! de$s ( *ildr5 & adults is
 ! orig9al s\rce ( moral ideas4         
,lit]ature is especially ri* 9          
opportunities to regi/] ^! convictions4 
,x is n ! b>e k ( "r & wrong develop$1 b
 ! deep spr+s ( feel+ & emotion are     
op5$1 :i* gu% up into volitions & acts4 
,j z we =m op9ions ( p f _! individual  
acts1 & draw inf]5ces z to _! "* &      
motives1 s ! ov]t act ( ,brutus or (    
,miles ,/&i% /&s out s cle> aga9/ !     
backgr\nd ( pass+ ev5ts t an un]r+      
judgm5t falls ^u ! do]4 ,a s+le act1 se5
 9 its relations1 always calls =? su* a 
s5t5ce ( good or ill4 ,:e!r x be a g5tle

 de$ ( m]cy1 or ! hamm]-/roke t fells a 
giant or r\ts an army1 z ) ,*>les ,m>tel
 or ,alfr$1 ! s5se ( "r or wrong is !   
deep und]fl[ t gives mean+ to all ev5ts 
& /amps "*4  ,!re is1 h[ev]1 a deep] & m
 int5se moral tea*+ 9 lit]ature ?an t   
:i* fl[s f ! "r or wrong ( individual   
acts4 ,! :ole life & evolution ( "* 9 a 
p]son1 if graphically drawn1 reveal !   
pr9ciples ( conduct & _! fruitage4 ,"*  
is a gr[?4 ,de$s are only ! outw>d signs
 ( ! direction 9 :i* ! s\l is mov+4 ,a  
dramati/ l ,%akespe>e1 or a noveli/ l   
,george ,eliot1 gives u a biographical  
developm5t4 ,de$s are done :i* leave _! 
traces4 ,t5d5cies are =m$ :i* gr[ into  
habits1 & ?us a "* rip5s /eadily t[>d   
its rew>d4 ,we become consci\s t c]ta9  
deep] pr9ciples control ?\ght & action1 
:e!r good or bad4 ,!re is a rule ( law1 
a sort ( fatalism1 9 human life4 ,!     
mills ( ! gods gr9d sl[1 b !y gr9d      
exce$+ small4 ,x is ! function ( !      
dramati/ or noveli/ to reveal ^! work+  
pr9ciples 9 conduct4 ,:5 ! pr9ciple     

adopt$ by ! actor is a good "o1 x works 
out well-be+ 9 spite ( mis=tunes2 :5    
evil1 ! furies are on ! track ( !       
evil-do]4 ,m5 d n ga!r grapes ( ?orns or
 figs ( ?i/les4 ,z we move on f /ep to  
/ep 9 a life-hi/ory1 ! sympa?y deep5s4  
,! fatal influ5ce ( a false /ep1 foll[$ 
up1 is ke5ly felt by ! read]2 ! upw>d   
t5d5cy ( a "r act inspires & lifts into 
fre$om4 ,b :e!r we love or hate or pity1
 ! "* moves on 9 ! c\rse :i* 8 de$s m>k 
out4 ,:5 f9ally he is ov]:elm$ 9 %ame & 
defeat1 we see ! e>ly t5d5cies & lat]   
=ces :i* h l$ to ?is result4 ,if e?ical 
triumph is a*iev$1 we recognize ! rew>d 
( g5]\s1 unselfi% impulses foll[$ out4  
,z ! int]e/ 9 su* a life-hi/ory deep5s1 
! lessons x evolves come out ) conv9c+ &
 ov]:elm+ p[]4 ,! effect ( a great novel
 or drama is m int5se & la/+ ?an any    
s]mon4 ,! elem5ts ( ?\ght & feel+ h be5 
accumulat+ en]gy & mom5tum ?r\gh all !  
sc5es1 & :5 contract$ into a s+le curr5t
 at ! close !y sweep =w>d ) ! /r5g? ( a 
riv]4 ,a ma/]piece works at ! f\ndations

 ( our sympa?ies & moral judgm5ts4 ,to  
br+ ourselves "u ! spell ( a great au?or
 & to all[ him1 h\r aft] h\r & p]haps = 
days 9 succession1 to sway our feel+s & 
rule f> up among ! s\rces ( our moral   
judgm5ts1 is to give him great          
opportunity to /amp our "* ) 8          
convictions4 ,we seldom sp5d s _m h\rs 9
 close companion%ip ) a liv+ fri5d z )  
"s ma/] ( ! art ( "*-del9eation4 ,*ildr5
 are susceptible to ?is /rong influ5ce4 
,_m ( !m take easily to books1 & _m o!rs
 ne$ b wise direction to br+ !m "u ! t\*
 ( _! =mative influ5ce4 ,a book         
sometimes produces a m la/+ effect ^u ! 
"* & conduct ( a *ild ?an a close       
companion4 ,nor is ?is true only 9 !    
case ( book-lov]s4 ,x is probable t !   
great majority ( *ildr5 may feel !      
:olesome effect ( su* books if wisely   
us$ at ! "r "t4 ,to select a few ( ! be/
 books z companions to a *ild1 & tea*   
him to love _! companion%ip1 is "o ( !  
mo/ hopeful ?+s 9 education4 ,! boy or  
girl :o reads "s ( our *oice epics1     

/ories1 novels1 dramas1 & biographies1  
all[+ ! m9d to pond] ^u ! problems (    
conduct involv$1 w receive _m deep &    
p]man5t moral lessons4 ,! realism ) :i* 
! arti/ clo!s 8 *>act]s only /r5g!ns !  
effect & makes !m la/+ food = ?\ght 9 ! 
com+ ye>s4 ,ev5 9 e>ly *ildhood we are  
able to detect :at is noble & debas+ 9  
conduct z ?us graphically & naturally   
reveal$1 & a *ild =ms an un]r+ judgm5t  
along moral l9es4 ,! be/ influ5ce t     
lit]ature has to be/[1 !re=e1 may       
produce its effect e>ly 9 t5d] ye>s1 :]e
 impressions are deep & p]man5t4 ,!re   
are _m o!r elem5ts ( la/+ culture-value 
9 ! /udy ( lit]ature1 b fir/ ( all !    
deep & p]man5t tru?s taught by !        
classics are ^? ( human life & conduct4 
,george ,willis ,cooke gives cle> &     
simple expression to ! e?ical =ce 9     
poetry 7,poets & ,problems1 p4 #df73--  
,true poetry is = in/ruction z mu* z =  
pleasure1 ?\gh x inculcate no =mal      
lessons4 ,"r moral tea*+ is by example  
f> m ?an by precept2 & ! real poet      

tea*es ?r\gh ! high] purpose he ar\ses1 
by ! /imulus he gives1 & by ! pur]      
motive he awak5s4 ,he gives no precept  
to recite1 no homilies to con ov]1 no   
rules = =mal repetition2 b he gives ! _s
 ( life & ! impulse ( true activity4 ,an
 infallible te/ ( ! great poet is t he  
inspires u ) a s5se ( ! ri*ness & gr&eur
 ( life4  ,root$ 9 ! g5u9e realism (    
social life1 moral ideas are /ill m     
/rongly en]giz$ by feel+ & ev5 by       
passion4 ,x is d\btful if moral ideas h 
any roots t d n rea* d[n into deep &    
g5u9e feel+4  ,rusk91 9 ,sesame &       
,lilies1 speaks to ! po9t4  ,hav+ !n    
fai?fully li/5$ to ! great tea*]s1 t y  
may ent] into _! ,?\ghts1 y h yet ?is   
high] advance to make1--y h to ent] into
 _! ,he>ts4 ,z y g to !m fir/ = cle>    
sight1 s y mu/ /ay ) !m t y may %>e at  
la/ _! j & mighty ,passion4 ,passion1 or
 s5sation4 ,i am n afraid ( ! ^w2 /ill  
less ( ! ?+4 ,y h he>d _m outcries aga9/
 s5sation lately2 b1 ,i c tell y1 x is n
 less s5sation we want1 b m4 ,! ennobl+ 

diff]5ce betwe5 "o man & ano!r--betwe5  
"o animal & ano!r--is precisely 9 ?is1 t
 "o feels m ?an ano!r4 ,if we 7 sponges1
 p]haps s5sation might n be easily got =
 u2 if we 7 e>?worms1 liable at e in/ant
 to be cut 9 two by ! spade1 p]haps too 
mu* s5sation might n be good = u4 ,b1   
be+ human creatures1 x is good = u2 nay1
 we are only human 9 s f> z we are      
s5sitive1 & our honor is precisely 9    
proportion to our passion4  ,y "k ,i    
said ( t great & pure society ( ! dead1 
t x w\ld all[ 'no va9 or vulg> p]son to 
ent] !re4' ,:at d y ?9k ,i meant by a   
'vulg>' p]son8 ,:at d y y\rselves mean  
by 'vulg>ity'8 ,y w f9d x a fruitful    
subject ( ?\ght2 b1 briefly1 ! ess5ce ( 
all vulg>ity lies 9 want ( s5sation4    
,simple & innoc5t vulg>ity is m]ely an  
untra9$ & undevelop$ bluntness ( body & 
m9d2 b 9 true inbr$ vulg>ity1 !re is a  
dea?ful call\sness1 :i*1 9 extremity1   
becomes capable ( e sort ( be/ial habit 
& crime1 )\t fe>1 )\t pleasure1 )\t     
horror1 & )\t pity4 ,x is 9 ! blunt h& &

 ! dead he>t1 9 ! diseas$ habit1 9 !    
h>d5$ consci5ce1 t m5 become vulg>2 !y  
are =ev] vulg>1 precisely 9 proportion z
 !y are incapable ( sympa?y1--( quick   
und]/&+1--( all t1 9 deep insi/5ce on ! 
common1 b mo/ accurate t]m1 may be call$
 ! 'tact' or t\*-faculty ( body & s\l2 t
 tact :i* ! ,mimosa has 9 trees1 :i* !  
pure woman has above all                
creatures1--f95ess & fulness ( s5sation1
 beyond reason1--! guide & sanctifi] (  
reason itself4 ,reason c b det]m9e :at  
is true3 x is ! ,god-giv5 passion (     
humanity :i* alone c recognize :at ,god 
has made good4  ,we come !n to ! great  
conc\rse ( ! ,dead1 n m]ely to "k f !m  
:at is ,true1 b *iefly to feel ) !m1 :at
 is ,righte\s4 ,n[ to feel ) !m we mu/  
be l !m2 & none ( u c become t )\t pa9s4
 ,z ! true k is discipl9$ & te/$ k1--n !
 fir/ ?\ght t comes1--s ! true passion  
is discipl9$ & te/$ passion1--n ! fir/  
passion t comes4  ,:5 we add to ?is deep
 feel+ & sympa?y ! v]satile poetic      
imag9ation :i* freely con/ructs all     

phases ( social life & conduct1 we h t  
union ( ! great p[]s ( ! m9d & he>t :i* 
give su* conc5trat$ e?ical en]gy to !   
be/ lit]ature4  ,%elley1 9 8 ,def5ce (  
,poetry 7pp4 #ac-ad1 #bj71 says3--  ,!  
:ole objection1 h[ev]1 ( ! immorality ( 
poetry re/s ^u a misconception ( ! mann]
 9 :i* poetry acts to produce ! moral   
improvem5t ( man4 ,e?ical sci5ce        
arranges ! elem5ts :i* poetry has       
creat$1 & prop\nds s*emes & proposes    
examples ( civil & dome/ic life2 nor is 
x = want ( admirable doctr9es t m5 hate1
 & despise1 & c5sure1 & deceive1 &      
subjugate "o ano!r4 ,b poetry acts 9    
ano!r & div9] mann]4 ,x awak5s & enl>ges
 ! m9d itself by r5d]+ x ! receptacle ( 
a ?\s& unappreh5d$ comb9ations ( ?\ght4 
,poetry lifts ! veil f ! hidd5 beauty ( 
! _w1 & makes famili> objects be z if !y
 7 n famili>2 x reproduces all t x      
repres5ts1 & ! imp]sonations clo!d 9 its
 ,elysian light /& !nce=w>d 9 ! m9ds (  
^? :o h once contemplat$ !m1 z memorials
 ( t g5tle & exalt$ cont5t :i* ext5ds   

itself ov] all ?\ghts & actions ) :i* x 
coexi/s4 ,! great secret ( morals is    
love2 or a go+ out ( our own nature1 &  
an id5tification ( ourselves ) !        
beautiful :i* exi/s 9 ?\ght1 action1 or 
p]son1 n our own4 ,a man1 to be greatly 
good1 mu/ imag9e int5sely &             
compreh5sively2 he mu/ put himself 9 !  
place ( ano!r & ( _m o!rs2 ! pa9s &     
pleasures ( 8 species mu/ become 8 own4 
,! great in/rum5t ( moral good is !     
imag9ation2 & poetry adm9i/]s to !      
effect by act+ ^u ! cause4  ,! drama be+
 t =m "u :i* a great] numb] ( modes (   
expression ( poetry are susceptible (   
be+ comb9$ ?an any o!r1 ! connection (  
poetry & social good is m obs]vable 9 ! 
drama ?an 9 :atev] o!r =m4 ,& x is      
indisputable t ! highe/ p]fection (     
human society has ev] correspond$ ) !   
highe/ dramatic excell5ce2 & t !        
corruption or ! ext9ction ( ! drama 9 a 
nation :]e x has once fl\ri%$1 is a m>k 
( corruption ( mann]s1 & an ext9ction ( 
! en]gies :i* su/a9 ! s\l ( social life4

  ,! insep>able union ( ! intellectual1 
moral1 & imag9ative elem5ts is well     
express$ by ,%airp 9 8 ,on ,poetic      
,int]pretation ( ,nature 7pp4 #bc-bd73--
  ,imag9ation 9 its ess5ce seems to be1 
f ! fir/1 intellect & feel+ bl5d$ &     
int]p5etrat+ ea* o!r4 ,?us x w\ld seem t
 purely intellectual acts belong to !   
surface & outside ( our nature1--z y    
pass onw>d to ! dep?s1 ! m vital places 
( ! s\l1 ! intellectual1 ! emotional1 & 
! moral elem5ts are all equally at      
"w1--& ?is 9 virtue ( _! great] reality1
 _! m ess5tial tru?1 _! ne>] contact ) !
 c5tre ( ?+s4 ,to ?is region belong all 
acts ( high imag9ation--! region        
int]m$iate betwe5 pure und]/&+ & moral  
affection1 p>tak+ ( bo? elem5ts1 look+  
equally bo? ways4  ,besides ! moral     
elem5t or fundam5tal tru? involv$1 e    
classic ma/]piece is infus$ !re=e ) an  
elem5t ( imag9ation4 ,:e!r 9 prose or   
v]se1 ! arti/ reveals himself 9 !       
creative t\*4 ,! ri* color+ & imag]y ( 8
 own m9d give a t9t to e object4 ,!     

lit]>y arti/ is nev] lack+ 9 a c]ta91   
p]haps indef9able1 *>m4 ,he possesses a 
magic w& t trans=ms into beauty e       
commonplace object t is met4 ,we obs]ve 
?is 9 ,irv+1 ,haw?orne1 ,w>n]1 z well z 
9 /ill great] lit]>y ma/]s4 ,our poets1 
noveli/s1 & essayi/s mu/ all dip _! p5s 
9 ?is magic ink4 ,ev5 ,web/] & ,burke1  
,l9coln & ,sumn]1 mu/ rise to ! region (
 fancy if !y give _! ?\ght suffici5t    
/r5g? ( w+ to c>ry x into ! com+ ye>s4  
,! !mes ^u :i* !y disc\rs$ k9dl$ !      
imag9ation & caus$ !m to break =? into  
figures ( spee* & poetic lic5se4 ,!     
creative fancy is t :i* gives beauty1   
picturesqu5ess1 & *>m to all ! "w ( poet
 or noveli/4 ,?is elem5t ( fancy        
diffuses itself z a liv+ gl[ ?r\gh e    
classic product t 0 made to endure4 ,9 !
 ma/]s ( /yle ! rhy?mic fl[ & en]gy (   
language are enliv5$ by poetic imag]y4  
,figures ( spee* 9 ar*itectural         
simplicity & *a/5ess /& out to symbolize
 ?\ght4 ,t ke5ness & orig9ality :i*     
a/oni%es u 9 ma/] ?9k]s is due to !     

magic vigor & picturesqu5ess ( _!       
images4 ,und]nea? & p]meat+ all ?is     
weal? ( ideas is ! v]satile & orig9al   
m9d :i* sees ev]y?+ 9 ! gl[ ( its own   
poetic temp]am5t1 k9dl+ ! susceptible   
read] to l inspiration4 ,among lit]>y   
ma/]s ?is creative p[] %[s itself 9 an  
inf9ite v>iety ( =ms1 p\rs itself ?r\gh 
a hundr$ div]g5t *annels1 & l9ks itself 
s closely ) ! individuality ( ! writ] z 
to m]ge imp]ceptibly into 8 "* & /yle4  
,b z we _c secure :olesome bread )\t    
yea/1 s we %all fail ( a classic )\t    
imag9ation4  ,/$man says3 ,if any?+     
great has be5 a*iev$ )\t ex]cise ( !    
imag9ation1 ,i d n "k x4 ,i am ref]r+ to
 /rik+ productions & a*ievem5ts1 n to   
acts ( virtue4 ,nev]!less1 at ! la/     
analysis1 x might be f\nd t imag9ation  
has impell$ ev5 ! sa9ts & m>tyrs (      
humanity4 ,imag9ation is ! creative     
orig9 ( :at is f9e1 n 9 art & song      
alone1 b also 9 all =ms ( action--9     
campaigns1 civil triumphs1 mat]ial      
conque/4 ,i h m5tion$ its               

indisp5sability to ! sci5ti/s4 ,he says 
fur!r3 ,yet if !re is "o gift :i* sets  
,%akespe>e at a di/ance ev5 f ^? :o     
approa* him on "o or ano!r side1 x is t 
( 8 imag9ation4 ,z he is ! *ief ( poets1
 we inf] t ! faculty 9 :i* he is        
sup]em95t mu/ be ! greate/ ( poetic     
end[m5ts4 ,yes3 9 8 wond]l&1 z else:]e1 
imag9ation is k+4  ,n only is x true t !
 vitality ( poets & prose writ]s1 !     
conceptive p[] ( sci5ti/s1 inv5tors1 &  
bus9ess organiz]s1 dep5d ^u ! f]tility &
 /r5g? ( ! imag9ation1 b ?r\gh\t !      
broad] rea*es ( common humanity ?is p[] 
is ev]y:]e pres5t--con/ructive &        
creative4 ,max ,muell] has %[n t ! root 
words ( language are imb$d$ 9 metaphor1 
t ,language is fossil poetry4 ,aga91 !  
my?ologies ( ! diff]5t races1 gr& &     
/ately1 or fair & lovely1 are ! imm$iate
 product ( ! folk m9d4  ,x has be5 said 
t ,! man ( culture is preem95tly a man (
 imag9ation4 ,b ! k9d ( m5tal al]tness1 
fre$om1 & joy :i* is sugge/$ by ! t]m   
culture may spr+ up 9 ! he>t ( e boy &  

girl end[$ ) a modicum ( human nature4  
,hamilton ,wright ,mabie1 9 8 ,books &  
,culture 7pp4 #adh-adi71 says3--  ,!    
developm5t ( ! imag9ation1 ^u ! p[] (   
:i* bo? absorption ( k & creative       
capacity dep5d1 is1 !re=e1 a matt] (    
supreme importance4 ,to ?is necessity   
educators w "s day op5 _! eyes1 &       
educational sy/ems w "s day con=m2      
meantime1 x mu/ be done ma9ly by        
individual "w4 ,k1 discipl9e1 & te*nical
 tra9+ ( ! be/ sort are accessible on e 
h&2 b ! developm5t ( ! faculty :i*      
unites all ^! 9 ! highe/ =m ( activity  
mu/ be secur$ ma9ly by p]sonal ef=t4 ,! 
ri*e/ & mo/ accessible mat]ial = ?is    
highe/ education is furni%$ by art2 & ! 
=m ( art )9 rea* ( e civiliz$ man1 at   
all times1 9 all places1 is ! book4 ,to 
^! ma/]pieces1 :i* h be5 call$ ! books (
 life1 all m5 may turn ) ! assurance t z
 ! supreme a*ievem5ts ( ! imag9ation !y 
h ! p[] ( awak5+1 /imulat+1 & enri*+ x 9
 ! highe/ degree4  ,besides ! /rong     
?read ( tru? & ! "w ( ! swift-glanc+    

%uttle ( imag9ation1 ! wov5 fabric ( !  
lit]>y ma/] mu/ %[ a beaute\s patt]n or 
=m4 ,! melody & music ( poetry spr+ f a 
rhy?mic =m4 ,app>5tly /iff & =mal1 x is 
yet ! cons5sus ( critics t only ?r\gh   
?is *annel c ! s\l ( tru? & beauty      
escape f ! poet1 & manife/ itself to    
o!rs4 ,says ,george ,willis ,cooke1 ,!  
poet wor%ips at ! triple %r9e ( beauty1 
love1 & tru?2 & 8 mission is to tea* m5 
t all o!r objects & places ( v5]ation   
are b fa9t imitations ( ?is "o =m (     
fai?4 ,b ! _s ( ?is wor%ip c be/ embody 
itself 9 ! poetic =m4  ,s*legel1 9 8    
,dramatic ,art & ,lit]ature 7p4 #cdj71  
says3--  ,! works ( g5ius _c !re=e be   
p]mitt$ to be )\t =m2 b ( ?is !re is no 
dang]4444 ,"s critics 444 int]pret x =m 
m]ely 9 a me*anical1 & n 9 an organical 
s5se4444 ,organical =m1 aga91 is innate2
 x unfolds itself f )91 & acquires its  
det]m9ation contemporane\sly ) ! p]fect 
developm5t ( ! g]m4 ,we ev]y:]e discov] 
su* =ms 9 nature ?r\gh\t ! :ole range ( 
liv+ p[]s1 f ! cry/allization ( salts & 

m9]als to plants & fl[]s1 & f ^! aga9 to
 ! human body4 ,9 ! f9e arts1 z well z 9
 ! doma9 ( nature1--! supreme           
arti/1--all g5u9e =ms are organical1 t  
is1 det]m9$ by ! quality ( ! "w4 ,9 a   
^w1 ! =m is no?+ b a significant        
ext]ior1 ! speak+ physiognomy ( ea* ?+1 
:i*1 z long z x is n disfigur$ by any   
de/ructive accid5t1 gives a true evid5ce
 ( its hidd5 ess5ce4  ,"s products1 l ! 
,p>adise ,lo/1 ,?anatopsis1 & ,hamlet1  
%[ su* a p]fect fitness ( =m to ?\ght t 
e ef=t to *ange or modify is pr(anation4
 ,! classic =m & ?\ght g toge!r4 ,z f> z
 possible1 !re=e1 x is desirable to     
leave ^! creations 9 _! native /r5g?1 & 
n to m> ! "w ( ma/]s4 ,! poet has m\ld$ 
8 ?\ght & feel+ into ^! =ms & transfus$ 
!m ) 8 own imag]y & individuality4 ,!   
p[] ( ! writ] is 9 8 peculi> m+l+ ( !   
poetic elem5ts4 ,our ,engli% & ,am]ican 
classics1 !re=e1 %\ld be read 9 _!      
orig9al =m z f> z possible4  ,a fix$ =m 
is n always necess>y4 ,we ne$ _m ( !    
/ories & epics t 7 writt5 9 o!r         

languages4 ,=tunately "s ( ! works ( !  
old poets are capable ( tak+ on a new   
dress4 ,! /ory ( ,ulysses has be5 told 9
 v]se & prose1 9 translation1 p>aphrase1
 & simple n>rative = *ildr54 ,mu*1 inde$
 ( ! old beauty & orig9al /r5g? ( ! poem
 is lo/ 9 all ^! r5d]+s2 b ! c5tral     
tru?s :i* give ! poetic "w its p]si/5t  
value are /ill reta9$4 ,su* a poem is l 
a p]son2 ! und]ly+ ?\ght1 ?\gh dress$ up
 by diff]5t p]sons ) v>y+ ta/e & skill1 
is yet ! same2 ! same he>t beats b5ea? !
 k+ly robes & ! peasant's frock4        
,rob9son ,crusoe has _h _m r5d]+s1 b    
rema9s ! same old /ory 9 spite (        
v>iations4 ,! ,bible has be5 translat$  
into all mod]n tongues1 b x is a classic
 9 ea*4 ,! ,g]mans claim !y h z good a  
,%akespe>e z we4  ,b _m ( ! be/         
ma/]pieces 7 orig9ally writt5 9 o!r     
languages1 & to be ( use to u ! anci5t  
=m ( ?\ght mu/ be brok54 ,! _s ( ! old  
ma/]s mu/ be p\r$ into new m\lds4 ,9    
educat+ our *ildr5 we ne$ ! /ories (    
,bell]ophon1 ,p]seus1 ,h]cules1 ,ru/um1 

,tell1 ,siegfri$1 ,virg9ius1 ,rol&1     
,wallace1 ,k+ ,ar?ur4 ,happily "s ( !   
be/ mod]n writ]s h come to our help4    
,walt] ,scott1 ,macaulay1 ,dick5s1      
,k+sley1 ,haw?orne1 ,irv+1 & ,arnold h  
ga!r$ up ! old w9e & p\r$ x into new    
bottles4 ,!y h told ! old /ories 9      
simple ,anglo-,saxon = ! boys & girls ( 
our homes & s*ools4 ,nor are ^! r5d]+s (
 ! old ma/]s lack+ 9 t elem5t ( fancy & 
vigor ( expression :i* di/+ui%es f]tile 
writ]s4 ,!y h ent]$ freely & fondly into
 ! old _s1 & h all[$ x to p\r itself    
copi\sly ?r\gh ^! mod]n *annels4 ,x     
takes a poet1 9 fact1 to mod]nize an    
anci5t /ory4 ,!re are1 inde$1 _m r5d]+s 
( ! old /ories :i* are n ideal1 :i*1    
h[ev]1 we sometimes use = lack ( any?+  
bett]4  ,f ! prec$+ discussion we may   
conclude t a *oice piece ( lit]ature mu/
 embody a la/+ tru?1 reveal ! p]meat+   
gl[ ( an arti/'s imag9ation1 & f9d      
expression 9 "s =m ( beauty4 ,b ^!      
elem5ts are s m+l$ & int]lac$1 s        
organically gr[n into "o liv+ plant1 t  

ev5 ! critics h giv5 up ! ef=t to       
dissect & isolate !m4  ,!re are o!r     
/r5g?-conf]r+ qualities 9 good lit]ature
 :i* w be discuss$ m fully 9 ^? *apt]s  
:i* deal ) ! p>ticul> lit]>y mat]ials   
select$ = use 9 ! s*ools4  ,among !     
topics to be treat$ 9 connection )      
mat]ials :i* illu/rate !m1 are ! foll[+3
 ! /rong h&l+ ( ess5tial hi/orical ideas
 9 lit]ature2 ! be/ novel & drama1 z    
s\rces & means ( culture2 religi\s      
ideals z embodi$ 9 ! *oice/ =ms (       
lit]ature2 ! p[]ful patriotic & social  
influ5ce ( ! be/ writ]s2 ! educative    
quality ( ! humor\s phases ( lit]ature2 
! great writ]s z models ( skill &       
en?usiasm 9 tea*+4  ,9 ! =ego+ pages !  
significance ( lit]ature among great    
/udies has be5 b briefly & inadequately 
sugge/$ by ^! few quotations & comm5ts4 
,x w\ld be easy to multiply simil>      
te/imony f ! mo/ compet5t judges4 ,b    
en\gh has be5 said to rem9d tea*]s ( ?is
 ri* treasure h\se ( educative mat]ials4
 ,^? tea*]s :o wi% to probe deep] into  

?is subject w f9d t x has be5 h&l$ 9 a  
ma/]ly way by "s ( ! great essayi/s &   
critics4 ,we w sugge/ ! foll[+ = m      
elaborate /udy3--  ,rusk9's ,sesame &   
,lilies4 ,! p[] & *>m ( ,rusk9's writ+  
appe>s 9 full measure 9 ^! essays4      
,c>lyle's ,h]oes & ,h]o ,wor%ip1        
especially ! *apt]s on ,! ,h]o z ,poet1 
& ,! ,h]o z ,man ( ,lett]s4  ,%elley's  
,def5ce ( ,poetry 7edit$ by ,cook1 &    
publi%$ by ,g9n  ,co47 is a lit]>y      
ma/]piece ( r>e beauty & *>m4  ,em]son's
 ,essay on ,hi/ory4  ,george ,willis    
,cooke1 ,poets & ,problems 7,h\ghton1   
,miffl91  ,co474 ,! fir/ *apt]1 ,! ,poet
 z ,tea*]1 is v sugge/ive1 :ile ! *apt]s
 on ,t5nyson1 ,rusk91 & ,br[n+ are f9e  
introductions = ^? :o w /udy ! au?ors   
!mselves4  ,! ,book ,lov]1 ,james       
,baldw9 7,mc,clurg  ,co474  ,*>les      
,k+sley's ,lit]>y & ,g5]al ,essays      
7,macmillan  ,co474 ,*apt] on ,engli%   
,lit]ature1 & o!rs4  ,scudd]'s          
,lit]ature 9 ,s*ools 7,h\ghton1 ,miffl91
  ,co474 ,excell5t = tea*]s4  ,j4 ,c4   

,%airp1 ,on ,poetic ,int]pretation (    
,nature 7,h\ghton1 ,miffl91  ,co474     
,mat!w ,arnold's ,sweetness & ,light4   
,l[ell's ,books & ,libr>ies 7,h\ghton1  
,miffl91  ,co474  ,edmund ,cl>5ce       
,/$man's ,! ,nature & ,elem5ts ( ,poetry
 7,h\ghton1 ,miffl91  ,co474  ,x is n   
impli$ t ev5 ! essays ( critics on !    
m]its ( lit]ature c take ! place ( a    
/udy ( ! works ( ! be/ writ]s4          
,,*apt] ,,ii  ,,! ,,use ,,( ,,ma/]pieces
 ,,z ,,:oles   ,) ! increas+ t5d5cy to  
consid] ! lit]>y quality & fitness ( !  
read+ matt] us$ 9 our s*ools1 long]     
poems & /ories1 l ,sn[ ,b\nd1 ,rip ,van 
,w9kle1 ,hiawa?a1 ,aladd91 ,! ,c\rt%ip (
 ,miles ,/&i%1 ,! ,great ,/one ,face1 & 
ev5 ,lady ( ! ,lake & ,julius ,caes>1   
are read & /udi$ z complete :oles4 ,_m (
 ! books n[ us$ z read]s are n          
collections ( %ort selections &         
extracts1 z =m]ly1 b editions ( s+le    
poems1 or k9dr$ gr\ps1 l ,sohrab &      
,ru/um1 or ! ,arabian ,nights1 or       
,gulliv]'s ,travels1 or a collection ( a

 few complete /ories or poems ( a s+le  
au?or1 z ,haw?orne's ,/ories ( ! ,:ite  
,hills1 or ,l[ell's ,vision ( ,sir      
,launfal1 & o!r poems4 ,ev5 ! regul>    
s]ies ( read]s are (t5 made up l>gely ( 
long] poems & prose ma/]pieces4  ,!     
significance ( ?is *ange is ! deep]     
reg>d :i* is be+ paid to good lit]ature 
z a /rong ag5cy ( true culture4 ,! real 
?\ght & ! :ole ?\ght ( ! be/ au?ors is  
s\ght =1 presuppos+1 ( c\rse1 t !y are  
)9 ! range ( ! *ildr5's compreh5sion4 ,!
 read+ books ( a g5]ation ago conta9$   
(t5times j z *oice lit]>y mat]ials z n[2
 b ! *ief purpose ( its selection 0 to  
give v>i$ ex]cise 9 oral read+1 n to    
cultivate a ta/e = good lit]ature by    
furni%+ complete poetic & prose specim5s
 = full & en?usia/ic /udy4 ,! tea*]s :o 
lay /ress on elocution>y skill are n q  
satisfi$ ) ?is drift t[>d lit]>y /udy z 
su*4 ,x rema9s to be se5 h[ bo? aims1   
good oral r5d]+ & sup]ior lit]>y tra9+1 
c be secur$ at ! same "t4  ,at ! close (
 ! la/ *apt] ( ?is volume we give a     

c>efully select$ s]ies ( ! lit]>y       
mat]ials adapt$ to ! diff]5t grades4    
,?is body ( selections1 tak5 f a wide   
range ( lit]ature1 w con/itute a basis =
 our :ole treatise4 ,hav+ made pla9 by  
our previ\s discussion :at we und]/& by 
! quality ( lit]>y ma/]pieces1 we w next
 consid] :y ^! poems & /ories %\ld be   
read & /udi$ z complete :oles1 n by     
fragm5ts or by extracts1 b z :ole works 
( lit]>y art4  #a4 ,a /rong] int]e/ is  
develop$ by ! /udy1 = sev]al weeks1 ( a 
long] complete ma/]piece4 ,! int]e/ gr[s
 z we move into su* a /ory or poem z    
,sohrab & ,ru/um4 ,a long] & clos]      
acqua9tance ) ! *>act]s repres5t$       
produces a /rong] p]sonal sympa?y1 z 9 !
 case ( ,cordelia 9 ,k+ ,le>1 or (      
,silas ,m>n]4 ,! "t usually sp5t 9 s*ool
 ^u "s classic fragm5t or selection is  
b>ely suffici5t to />t up an int]e/4 ,x 
does n br+ u pa/ ! ?re%old ( a "w ( art4
 ,we drop x j at ! po9t :]e ! mom5tum ( 
int]e/ beg9s to %[ itself4 ,?9k ( ! full
 /ory ( ,aladd9 or ,crusoe or ,ulysses4 

,take an extract f ,lady ( ! ,lake1 ,rip
 ,van ,w9kle1 ,evangel9e4 ,! usual ?ree 
or f\r pages giv5 9 ! read]1 ev5 if tak5
 f ! fir/ "p1 w\ld sc>cely suffice to   
br+ ! *ildr5 into ! movem5t ( ! /ory2 b 
(t5times ! fragm5t is extract$ f ! body 
( ! play )\t prelim9>y or sequ5ce4 ,9   
read+ a novel1 /ory1 or poem1 we d n    
beg9 to feel /rongly ?is int]e/ till two
 or ?ree *apt]s are pass$4 ,!n x beg9s  
to deep51 ! plot ?ick5s1 & a desire     
spr+s up to foll[ out ! =tune ( !       
*>act]s4 ,we become int]e/$ 9 ! p]sons1 
& our ?\ghts are busy ) !m 9 ! mid/ (   
o!r employm5ts or 9 leisure mom5ts4 ,!  
p]sonality ( ! h]o takes hold ( u z t ( 
an intimate fri5d4 ,su* an int]e/1      
gradually awak5$ & deep5$ z we move into
 ! compreh5sion ( a "w ( art1 is ! op5  
sesame to all ! ri*es ( an au?or's      
/oreh\se ( ?\ght4  ,?is k9d ( int]e/    
presupposes 9 ! *ildr5 ! ability to     
appreciate & enjoy ! ?\ght1 & ev5 !     
/yle1 ( ! au?or4 ,int]e/ 9 ?is s5se is a
 fundam5tal te/ ( ! suitabl5ess ( ! /ory

 or poem to lay hold ( ! inn] life ( !  
*ildr54 ,9 _m cases !re w be            
difficulties at ! outset 9 awak5+ ?is   
g5u9e =m ( int]e/1 b if ! selection is  
appropriate1 ! prep>ation & skill ( !   
tea*] w be equal to its accompli%m5t4   
,z we get deep] into ! /udy (           
ma/]pieces1 we %all discov] t !re are   
/rong] & deep5+ s\rces ( a g5u9e int]e/4
 ,ev5 ! difficulties & problems :i* are 
suppos$ to damp5 int]e/ w be f\nd1 )    
prop] /udy1 to be ! s\rce ( a /rong]    
appreciation & en?usiasm4 ,! ref9+ &    
/r5g!n+ ( ^! int]e/s 9 lit]ature leads  
on /eadily to ! f9al goal ( /udy1 a     
cultivat$ ta/e & habit ( us+ ! be/      
books4  #b4 ,a complete "w ( a ma/]     
writ] is a unit ( ?\ght4 ,x is almo/ z  
complete a :ole z a liv+ organism4 ,its 
p>ts1 l ! bran*es ( a tree1 h no        
vitality except 9 communication ) ! liv+
 trunk4 ,9 ! ,vision ( ,sir ,launfal1   
!re is a s+le ?\ght1 l a gold5 ?read1   
runn+ ?r\gh ! poem1 :i* gives unity &   
p]fection to x4 ,! sep>ate p>ts ( ! poem

 h v great intr9sic beauty & *>m1 b _!  
deep] & m vital relation is to ?is      
c5tral ?\ght4 ,! /ory ( ,! ,great ,/one 
,face is ! gr\p+ ( a s]ies ( int]e/+    
episodes along ! pa? ( a s+le develop+  
motive 9 ! life ( ,erne/4 ,a great writ]
 w\ld sc>cely wa/e 8 "t 9 try+ to       
produce a "w ( art )\t a controll+      
motive1 collect+ 8 ?\ght1 z x 71 ar\nd a
 vacuum4 ,?is hub-?\ght mu/ become !    
c5tre ( all intellig5t /udy4 ,! ef=t to 
unravel ! motive ( ! au?or is ! deep]   
/imulus ( ?\ghtful "w by bo? tea*] &    
pupils4  ,9 o!r /udies1 l geography1    
hi/ory1 & natural sci5ce1 we are        
gradually pick+ out ! important units ( 
/udy1 ! c5tres ( ?\ght & int]e/1 !      
types4 ,?is ef=t to escape f ! wild]ness
 ( jumbl$ & fractional details into !   
sunlit region ( controll+ ideas1 is a   
sub/antial sign ( progress 9 ! tea*]'s  
"w4 ,9 lit]ature ^! units h be5 already 
wr\ght out into p]fect :oles by         
fir/-class ?9k]s4  ,9 ! greate/ ( all   
/udies1 ! works ( ! lit]>y ma/]s1 we h !

 sure/ models ( inspir+ ?\ght1 organiz$ 
& focuss$ ^u ess5tial topics4 ,tea*]s1 9
 "s cases1 are s little accu/om$ to lift
 _! heads above ! tall grass & we$s     
ar\nd !m1 t !y are ov]tak5 by surprise &
 bewild]m5t :5 call$ ^u to take broad & 
lib]al surveys ( ! topography ( s*ool   
/udies4  ,x is =tunate t we h1 )9 ! f5c$
 b\nd>ies ( ! commonly recogniz$ s*ool  
c\rse1 ^! %9+ specim5s ( organiz$1 &1   
:at we might call1 intellig5t ?\ght4    
,we c set ! *ildr5 at "w digg+ = !      
root-?\ghts ( ^? :o are ! ma/]s ( /rong 
?9k+4 ,?is digg+ process is n :olly out 
( place ) *ildr54 ,_! abundant en]gy c  
be turn$ to digg+ if !re is any?+ wor?  
digg+ =4 ,rusk91 9 ,sesame & ,lilies1   
says3--  ,& x is j ! same ) m5's be/    
wisdom4 ,:5 y come to a good book1 y mu/
 ask y\rself3 ',am ,i incl9$ to "w z an 
,au/ralian m9] w\ld8 ,are my pickaxes & 
%ovels 9 good ord]1 & am ,i 9 good trim 
myself1 my sleeves well up to ! elb[1 & 
my brea? good1 & my temp]8' ,&1 keep+ ! 
figure a little long]1 ev5 at co/ (     

tiresom5ess1 = x is a ?or\ghly useful   
"o1 ! metal y are 9 se>* (1 be+ !       
au?or's m9d or mean+1 8 words are z !   
rock :i* y h to cru% & smelt 9 ord] to  
get at x4 ,& y\r pickaxes are y\r own   
c>e1 wit & le>n+2 y\r smelt+ furnace is 
y\r own ?\ghtful s\l4 ,d n hope to get  
at any good au?or's mean+ )\t ^? tools &
 t fire2 (t5 y w ne$ %>pe/1 f9e/        
*isell+1 & pati5te/ fus+1 be=e y c ga!r 
"o gra9 ( ! metal4  ,x is n ! dreamy1   
hammock-soo?+1 vacation idl+ ) pleasant 
/ories t we are n[ consid]+4 ,?is happy 
lotus-l& has also its fitt+ season1 9 ! 
sultry heats ( summ]1 :5 tir$ p put _!  
m9ds out to grass4 ,any /udy w gr[ dull 
& sleepy t lacks en]gy4  ,tea*]s :o %r9k
 back ) anxiety le/ works su* z ,irv+'s 
,sket* ,book1 ,evangel9e1 ,m]*ant (     
,v5ice1 & ,m>mion1 are too h>d = *ildr5 
9 six?1 sev5?1 & eigh? grades1 %\ld     
consid] = a mom5t :at classical         
prep>atory s*ools = c5turies h requir$ (
 boys f t5 to twelve ye>s ( age1 ! /udy 
( ,caes>1 ,eutropius1 & ,virgil1 (      

,h]odotus & ,x5ophon1 9 unkn[n languages
 extremely difficult to ma/]4 ,yet x has
 be5 claim$ = ages1 by ! be/ s*ol>s1 t  
?is 0 ! true /r5g?-produc+ discipl9e =  
boys4 ,x w\ld h>dly be extravagant to   
say t ! ma/]pieces ( lit]ature n[ us$1 9
 our int]m$iate & gramm> grades1 are n a
 qu>t] s difficult & f\r times z        
appropriate & int]e/+ z ! ,lat9 & ,greek
 au?ors j cit$4 ,x seems obvi\s t we are
 summon$ to a m en]getic /udy & treatm5t
 ( our ma/]pieces4  ,?is /ruggle to get 
at ! deep] und]curr5t ( ?\ght 9 an au?or
 is ! true /imulus & discipl9e ( su*    
/udies4  ,a great au?or approa*es 8     
deep] ?\ght /ep by /ep4 ,he has _m      
side-lights1 v>iety ( episode &         
prelim9>y4 ,he provides = ! prop] sc5]y 
& sett+ = 8 ?\ght4 ,he does n br+ u at  
once1 po9t blank1 ^u 8 h]o or ^u ! h]o's
 fate4 ,!re is great v>iety ( inf]5ce & 
sugge/ion 9 ! prep>ation & gr\p+ ( !    
arti/'s "w4 ,z 9 climb+ "s m\nta9 peak1 
we w9d ?r\gh canon1 along rugg$         
hillsides & spurs1 only n[ & !n cat*+ a 

glimpse ( ! t[]+ object ( our climb1    
rea*+1 aft] _m a devi\s & toilsome m>*1 
! rugg$ backbone ( ! giant2 s ! poet    
c>ries u along _m a w9d+ road1 ?r\gh    
byways & ?ickets1 ov] hill & pla91 be=e 
he br+s u into full view ( ! ma9 object 
( se>*4 ,b aft] a:ile we d /& face to   
face ) a real "*1 & are consci\s ( !    
framework ^u :i* x is built4 ,k+ ,saul  
has run 8 c\rse & is ab\t to reap !     
rew>d ( 8 do+s1 to lie d[n 9 ! b$ :i* he
 has prep>$4 ,we see ! au?or's deep]    
plan1 & realize t 8 *>act]s act along ! 
l9e ( ! sil5t b inv9cible laws ( social 
life & conduct4 ,^! deep significant    
tru?s ( human exp]i5ce d n lie ^u !     
surface4 ,if we are really to get a deep
 insight into human "*1 z portray$ by ! 
ma/]s1 we mu/ n be 9 ha/e4 ,we %\ld be  
will+ to foll[ our guide pati5tly &     
await results4  ,a complete ma/]piece1  
/udi$ z a :ole1 reveals ! au?or's p[]4  
,x gives "s adequate p]ception ( 8 /yle 
& compass4 ,a play1 a poem1 a novel1 a  
biography1 is a unit4 ,no s+le "p c give

 a satisfactory idea ( ! :ole4 ,a s+le  
sc5e f ,crusoe or f ! ,m]*ant ( ,v5ice  
does n give u ! au?or's mean+4 ,an      
extract f "o ( ,burke's spee*es supplies
 no adequate notion ( 8 /atesmanlike    
grasp ( ?\ght4 ,to get "s impression (  
:at ,daniel ,web/] 0 we mu/ read a :ole 
spee*4 ,a lit]>y product is l a         
ma/]piece ( ar*itecture4 ,! :ole mu/ /& 
out 9 ! due proportion ( its p>ts to    
reveal ! ma/]'s ?\ght4    ,walk ab\t    
,zion1 & g r\nd ab\t h]3   ,tell ! t[]s 
!re(4   ,m>k ye well h] bulw>ks1 consid]
 h] palaces2   ,t ye may tell x to !    
g5]ations foll[+4  ,to h read ?r\gh )   
c>e & ?\ghtful appreciation a s+le      
lit]>y ma/]piece & to h felt ! full     
measure ( a ma/]'s p[]1 is a r>e & la/+ 
/roke ( culture4 ,z *ildr5 move up ?r\gh
 ! grades !y may receive ! /rong & abid+
 impress ( ! ma/]s ( /yle4 ,let x come  
to !m 9 its undim9i%$ /r5g?4 ,to feel ! 
p[]ful tonic effect ( ! be/ /ories &    
poems suit$ to _! age w give !m su* an  
appreciation ( :at is g5u9e & good 9    

lit]ature1 t frivol\s & tra%y read+ is  
measur$ at its true value4  ,! fragm5ts 
& extracts ) :i* our high] read]s are   
fill$ are n )\t p[] & influ5ce ^u       
culture4 ,!y h giv5 _m *ildr5 _! fir/   
ta/e ( ! beauty & /r5g? ( lit]ature4 ,b 
x is a great mi/ake to te> ^! gems (    
?\ght f _! sett+ 9 lit]ature & life1 &  
to jam !m into ! close & cr[d$ qu>t]s ( 
a text-book4 ,:y satisfy ourselves )    
crumbs & fragm5ts :5 a full ri* fea/ may
 be _h = ! ask+8  ,9 "s cases x is said 
t ! read+ ( fragm5ts ( l>ge poems or    
plays has excit$ curiosity & l$ to !    
read+ ( ! l>g] :oles4 ,?is is d\btless  
true1 b 9 ! great] numb] ( cases we are 
incl9$ to ?9k ! habit ( be+ satisfi$ )  
fragm5ts has *eck$ ! =mation ( any      
appreciation ( lit]>y :oles4 ,?is t5d5cy
 to be satisfi$ ) piecemeal p]=mances   
illu/rates pa9fully ! %all[ness &       
incoh]5cy ( mu* ( our educational "w4   
,if tea*]s _c ?9k beyond a brok5 page ( 
,%akespe>e1 :y %\ld *ildr5 burd5        
!mselves ) ! labor ( ?\ght8 ,*>les      

,k+sley1 9 8 essay on ,engli% lit]ature1
 says3--  ,b ,i mu/ plead = :ole works4 
',extracts' & ',select ,beauties' are   
ab\t z practical z ! wor?y 9 ! old /ory1
 :o1 wi%+ to sell 8 h\se1 br\ght "o ( ! 
bricks to m>ket z a specim54 ,x is      
equally unfair on ! au?or & on ! pupil2 
= x is impossible to %[ ! m]its or      
dem]its ( a "w ( art1 ev5 to expla9 !   
tru? or falsehood ( any p>ticul>        
passage1 except by view+ ! book z an    
organic :ole4  ,:at w\ld ! au?ors       
!mselves say ^u see+ _! "w ?us mutilat$8
 ,!re is ev5 a t\* ( ! f>cical 9 ! ef=t 
to read naturally & =cibly & discuss    
intellig5tly a fragm5t l ,antony's spee*
 ov] ,caes>4  #c4 ,! moral effect ( a   
complete ma/]piece is deep] & m p]man5t4
 ,n only d we see a p]son act+ 9 m      
situations1 reveal+ ?us 8 motives &     
hidd5 spr+s ( action1 b ! ?read ( 8     
?\ght & life is unravell$ 9 a /eady     
sequ5ce4 ,lat] acts are se5 z ! result (
 =m] t5d5cies4 ,! sil5t reign ( moral   
law 9 human actions is discov]$4 ,sl[ly 

b surely conduct works out its own rew>d
 along ! l9e ( ^! deep] pr9ciples (     
action4 ,ev5 9 ! books read 9 ! e>ly    
grades ^! pr(\nd lessons ( life come out
 cle> & /rong4 ,rob9son ,crusoe1 ,!seus1
 ,siegfri$1 ,hiawa?a1 ,beauty & ! ,bea/1
 ,jason1 ,k+ ,ar?ur1 & ,ulysses are n   
holiday gue/s4 ,!y are face to face ) ! 
s]i\s problems ( life4 ,ea* p]son is se5
 9 ! pres5t make-up & t5d5cy ( 8 "*4 ,:5
 ! ev5tual w9d-up comes1 be x a collapse
 or an asc5sion1 we see h[ surely &     
fatally su* results spr+ f su* motives &
 t5d5cies4 ,wa%+ton is f\nd to be ! fir/
 9 ! he>ts ( 8 c\ntrym52 ,arnold is     
execrat$2 ,k+ ,le> moves on bl9dly to ! 
rew>d :i* 8 own folly has pre>rang$2    
,macbe? entangles himself 9 a network ( 
fatal errors2 ,adam ,b$e em]ges f !     
bitt] ordeal ( disappo9tm5t ) 8 manly   
qualities subdu$ b /rong]4 ,give !      
noveli/ or poet "t & opportunity1 & he  
is ! true int]pret] ( conduct & de/9y4  
,he reveals 9 real & yet ideal *>act]s !
 work+ out 9 life ( ! fundam5tal        

pr9ciples ( moral action4  #d4 ,a       
classic "w is (t5 a picture ( an age1 a 
panoramic survey ( an hi/orical epo*4   
,scott's ,m>mion is su* a graphic &     
dramatic portrayal ( feudalism 9        
,scotl&4 ,! ca/le ) its "l1 att5dants1 &
 h\sehold1 ! /eep fr[n+ walls & turrets1
 ! moat1 drawbridge1 & dungeon1 ! *apel1
 halls1 & fea/+s1 ! knight clad 9 armor1
 on horseback ) squire & troop1--^! are 
! details ( ! fir/ picture4 ,! cloi/] & 
nuns1 ) _! seque/]$ habits & dress1 _!  
devotion & masses1 supply ! o!r         
*>act]i/ic picture ( t age1 ) ,rome 9 ! 
backgr\nd4 ,! c\rt sc5e & ball 9 ,k+    
,james's palace1 be=e ! day ( ,flodd51 !
 view ( ,scotl&'s army f ! m\nta9 side1 
) ! motley hordes f highl& & l[l& &     
neighbor+ isles1 & la/ly1 ! battle (    
,flodd5 itself1 :]e wisdom is weigh$ &  
valor put to ! f9al te/1--all ^! are b !
 p>ts ( a well-adju/$ picture ( life 9  
feudal times on ! ,scotti% bord]4 ,!re  
is incid5tal to ! n>rative mu* vivid    
description ( ,scot* sc5]y & geography1 

( m\nta9 or valley1 ( fr[n+ ca/le or    
rocky coa/1 mu* ( ,scot* tradition1     
cu/om1 sup]/ition1 & clanni%ness4 ,!    
sc5es 9 cloi/] & dungeon & on !         
battle-field are m int5sely real ?an    
hi/orical n>ratives c be4 ,:ile n /rict 
hi/ory1 ?is is tru] ?an hi/ory because x
 br+s u clos] to ! _s ( t "t4 ,m>mion & 
,d\glas /& out m cle> & lifelike ?an !  
m5 ( hi/ory4  ,al?\gh feudalism und]w5t 
con/ant *anges & modifications 9 e      
c\ntry ( ,europe1 x is /ill true t      
,m>mion is a type ( feudal conditions1 n
 only 9 ,scotl&1 b 9 o!r p>ts ( ,europe1
 & a full p]ception ( ,scott's poem w   
make "o at home 9 any "p ( ,european    
hi/ory dur+ feudal times4 ,z a hi/orical
 picture ( life1 x is a key to ! _s &   
animat+ ideas t sway$ ! ,we/]n nations  
dur+ sev]al c5turies4 ,x is fiction1 n  
hi/ory1 9 ! usual s5se1 & yet x gives a 
m real & vivid consci\sness ( ! =ces at 
"w 9 t age ?an hi/ory prop]4  ,:ile !   
plot ( ! /ory cov]s a n>r[ field1 only a
 few days ( "t & a small area ( c\ntry1 

its roots g deep into ! :ole social1    
religi\s1 & political fabric ( t "t4 ,x 
t\*es real hi/ory at a critical po9t 9 !
 relations betwe5 ,engl& & ,scotl&4 ,x  
is /irr$ also by ! _s ( ! ,scot* b>d & (
 m9/relsy4 ,x %[s :at a hold ,rome _h 9 
^? days1 ev5 9 ! highl&s ( ,scotl&4 ,x  
is full ( ,scot* sc5]y & geography4 ,x  
r+s ) ! cl>ion ( w> & ( battle4 ,x      
reveals ! contempt 9 :i* lett]s 7 held  
ev5 by ! mo/ p[]ful nobles4 ,ox5 are    
describ$ z draw+ cannon ^u ! field (    
,flodd51 & 9 "t ^! guns broke d[n !     
walls ( feudalism4 ,z a hi/orical       
picture ,m>mion is _m-sid$1 & ! roots ( 
! /ory rea* out ?r\gh ! :ole fabric (   
society1 %[+ h[ all ! p>ts coh]e4 ,su* a
 piece ( hi/orical lit]ature may s]ve z 
a c5tre ar\nd :i* to ga!r mu* & v>i$    
in=mation ?r\gh o!r s*ool & home read+s4
 ,*ildr5 may f9d "t to read ,ivanhoe1 ,!
 ,crusades1 ,rol&1 ,don ,quixote1 ,!    
,gold5 ,leg5d1 ,macbe?1 ,goetz von      
,b]li*+51 etc4 ,!y w h a nucleus ^u :i* 
to ga!r _m relat$ facts & ideas4 ,x %\ld

 also be br\ght into prop] connection ) 
! regul> lessons 9 hi/ory & geography4  
,hi/ory reveals itself to ! poet 9 ^!   
wond]fully vivid & lifelike types4 ,9 _m
 ( ^! hi/orical poems1 z ,william ,tell1
 ,evangel9e1 ,crusoe1 ,! ,nibelung      
,song1 ,miles ,/&i%1 ! ,odyssey1 ,sohrab
 & ,ru/um1 "s h]o /&s 9 ! c5tre ( !     
n>rative1 & c be und]/ood z a           
repres5tative figure ( 8 times only z ! 
:ole s]ies ( ev5ts 9 8 life is unroll$4 
,:]e ! /udy ( l>g] lit]>y :oles has be5 
tak5 up 9 good fai?1 x has br\ght a ri* 
bless+ ( intellig5t en?usiasm4 ,ev5 9   
prim>y s*ools1 :]e lit]>y :oles l       
,hiawa?a1 ,rob9son ,crusoe1 & ! ,gold5  
,t\* are h&l$ ) a view to exploit _!    
:ole cont5t1 !re has be5 a rem>kable    
enri*m5t ( ! :ole life ( ! *ildr54 ,su* 
a treatm5t has gone s deep into !       
problems & /ruggl+ conditions ( life    
del9eat$1 t ! *ildr5 h become occupi$ ) 
! t5t-mak+1 boat-build+1 sp9n+1 & v>i\s 
con/ructions incid5t to ! developm5t ( !
 /ory4  #e4 ,if x is true1 z cle>ly     

express$ by /rong ?9k]s 9 ! mo/ v>i\s   
fields ( deep] inve/igation1 t _m ( !   
*ief lit]>y products t h come d[n to u f
 =m] ages are ! only means by :i* we c  
be br\ght into vital t\* & sympa?y ) !  
_s & motives !n rul+ among m52 if x is  
equally true t *ildr5 w n gr[ up to !   
prop] appreciation & int]pretation ( our
 pres5t life1 except z !y h exp]i5c$1 9 
?\ght & int]e/ at lea/1 ! *ief /ruggles 
& motives ( our fa!rs1--we may f9d 9 ^! 
hi/oric & lit]>y mat]ials ! deep & liv+ 
spr+s ( true education = *ildr54  ,!    
?\ght ( ! educative p[] ( ?is ance/ral  
lit]ature has be5 =cibly express$ by _m 
em95t writ]s4  ,scudd]1 9 ,lit]ature 9  
,s*ool1 says3--  ,!re is ! elem5t (     
cont9uity4 ,9 ! ,roman h\sehold !re /ood
 ! c9]>y urns :i* held ! a%es ( !       
ance/ors ( ! family4 ,d y ?9k ! "y ev]  
=got ! unbrok5 l9e ( desc5t by :i* !y   
climb$ to ! h]oic f\nd]s ( ! /ate8 ,9 ! 
,jewi% family ! *ild 0 taught to ?9k &  
speak ( ! ,god ( ,abraham1 & ( ,isaac1 &
 ( ,jacob4 ,9 t great succession he he>d

 a voice :i* told him 8 nation 0 n ( a  
day4 ,x is ! bus9ess ( ! old to transmit
 to ! "y ! great traditions ( ! pa/ ( ! 
c\ntry2 to fe$ anew ! undy+ flame (     
patriotism4  ,x is ?is conc5tration 9   
poetry & ! m l(ty prose :i* gives to    
lit]>y art its preci\sness z a symbol ( 
human endeavor1 & r5d]s x ! "o ess5tial 
& mo/ s]viceable means = keep+ alive !  
sm\ld]+ coals ( patriotism4 ,x is ! tor*
 pass$ f "o h& to ano!r1 signal+ hope & 
w>n+2 & ! "o place above all o!rs :]e   
its light %\ld be k9dl$ is :]e ! "y meet
 toge!r1 9 ^? ,am]ican temples :i* ! p h
 built 9 e t[n & village 9 ! c\ntry4    
,mabie1 9 ,books & ,culture 7pp4 #hh1   
#hi-aac71 says3--  ,n[1 x is ^u ?is     
imp]i%able food :i* ! pa/ has /or$ up   
?r\gh ! g5ius ( great arti/s t lat]     
g5]ations fe$ & n\ri% !mselves4 ,x is   
?r\gh intimate contact ) ^! fundam5tal  
conceptions1 work$ out ) su* inf9ite pa9
 & pati5ce1 t ! individual exp]i5ce is  
broad5$ to include ! exp]i5ce ( ! race4 
,! /ud5t ( lit]ature1 !re=e1 f9ds 9 its 

noble/ works n only ! ultimate results (
 race exp]i5ce & ! *>act]i/ic quality ( 
race g5ius1 b ! highe/ activity ( !     
greate/ m9ds 9 _! happie/ & mo/         
expansive mom5ts4 ,9 ?is comm+l+ ( ! be/
 t is 9 ! race & ! be/ t is 9 !         
individual1 lies ! my/]y ( t d\ble      
revelation :i* makes e "w ( art a       
disclosure1 n only ( ! nature ( ! man   
beh9d x1 b ( all m5 beh9d him4 ,9 ?is   
comm+l+1 too1 is pres]v$ ! mo/ preci\s  
deposit ( :at ! race has be5 & done1 & (
 :at ! man has se51 felt1 & kn[n4 ,9 !  
nature ( ?+s no educational mat]ial c be
 ri*]1 none s fundam5tally expansive &  
illum9ative4  ,em]son1 9 8 ,essay on    
,hi/ory1 says3--  ,! advanc+ man        
discov]s h[ deep a prop]ty he has 9     
lit]ature1--9 all fable z well z 9 all  
hi/ory4 ,he f9ds t ! poet 0 no odd fell[
 :o describ$ /range & impossible        
situations1 b t univ]sal man wrote by 8 
p5 a confession true = "o & true = all4 
,8 own secret biography he f9ds 9 l9es  
wond]fully intelligible to him1 dott$   

d[n be=e he 0 born4 ,"o aft] ano!r he   
comes up 9 8 private adv5tures ) e fable
 ( ,a,esop1 ( ,hom]1 ( ,hafiz1 (        
,ario/o1 ( ,*auc]1 ( ,scott1 & v]ifies  
!m ) 8 own head & h&s4  ,! beautiful    
fables ( ! ,greeks1 be+ prop] creations 
( ! imag9ation & n ( ! fancy1 are       
univ]sal v]ities4 ,:at a range ( mean+s 
& :at p]petual p]t95ce has ! /ory (     
,prome!us6 ,besides its prim>y value z !
 fir/ *apt] ( ! hi/ory ( ,europe 7!     
my?ology ?9ly veil+ au!ntic facts1 !    
inv5tion ( ! me*anic arts & ! migration 
( colonies71 x gives ! hi/ory ( religion
 ) "s clos5ess to ! fai? ( lat] ages4   
,?us 9 all ways does ! s\l conc5trate & 
reproduce its treasures = ea* pupil4    
,he1 too1 %all pass ?r\gh ! :ole cycle (
 exp]i5ce4 ,he %all collect into a focus
 ! rays ( nature4 ,hi/ory no long] %all 
be a dull book4 ,x %all walk inc>nate 9 
e j & wise man4 ,y %all n tell me by    
languages & titles a catalogue ( !      
volumes y h read4 ,y %all make me feel  
:at p]iods y h liv$4 ,a man %all be !   

,temple ( ,fame4 ,he %all walk1 z !     
poets h describ$ t goddess1 9 a robe    
pa9t$ all ov] ) wond]ful ev5ts &        
exp]i5ces2 8 own =m & features by _!    
exalt$ intellig5ce %all be t v>iegat$   
ve/4 ,i %all f9d 9 him ! ,=eworld2 9 8  
*ildhood ! ,age ( ,gold2 ! ,apples ( ,k2
 ! ,argonautic ,exp$ition2 ! call+ (    
,abraham2 ! build+ ( ! ,temple2 ! ,adv5t
 ( ,*ri/2 ,d>k ,ages2 ! ,revival (      
,lett]s2 ! ,re=mation2 ! discov]y ( new 
l&s2 ! op5+ ( new sci5ces1 & new regions
 9 man4  #f4 ,x is n int5d$ to limit !  
read+ ( ! s*ools to ! long] classics1   
su* z ,sn[-,b\nd1 ,! ,vision ( ,sir     
,launfal1 & ,web/]'s ,bunk] ,hill spee*1
 etc4 ,!re are also _m %ort] poems &    
/ories1 ballads1 & my?s1 t are equally  
good & /& out z /rong1 complete         
expressions ( ?\ght su* z ,t5nyson's    
,brook1 ,longfell['s ,village           
,blacksmi?1 ,:itti]'s ,b>efoot ,boy1 &  
_m o!rs4 ,^! %ort] pieces %\ld be       
int]sp]s$ among ! long]1 & freely us$ to
 give great] v>iety & ze/ to read+      

ex]cises4 ,_m ( ! f9e/ lit]>y products (
 ! language are f\nd 9 ^! %ort] poems & 
/ories4 ,!y also %\ld be /udi$ = !      
beauty & unity ( ?\ght conta9$ 9 ea*4   
#g4 ,b ! su/a9$ p[] ga9$ f ! full & ri* 
/udy ( long] classics is ! be/ fruitage 
( ! read+ "w4 ,e t]m ( s*ool %\ld lead !
 *ildr5 into ! full appreciation ( "o or
 m ( ^! ma/]ly works4 ,! value ( su*    
/udy is well express$ by ,scudd] 9 8    
,lit]ature 9 ,s*ools 7pp4 #ed-ef73--  ,!
 real po9t ( practical re=m1 h[ev]1 is n
 9 ! pref]5ce ( ,am]ican au?ors to      
,engli%1 b 9 ! c>eful conc5tration ( !  
m9ds ( boys & girls ^u /&>d ,am]ican    
lit]ature1 9 opposition to a dissipation
 ov] a desultory & me*anical acqua9tance
 ) scraps f a v>iety ( s\rces1 good1    
bad1 & indiff]5t4 ,9 my pap] on ',nurs]y
 ,classics 9 ,s*ool1' ,i argu$ t !re is 
a true economy 9 sub/itut+ ! great books
 ( t portion ( ! _w's lit]ature :i*     
repres5ts ! *ildhood ( ! _w's m9d = !   
?91 quickly =gott51 feeble imag9ations (
 insignificant bookmak]s4 ,!re is an    

equally noble economy 9 engag+ ! *ild's 
m9d1 :5 x is pass+ out ( an immature    
/ate into "o ( rational1 intellig5t     
appropriation ( lit]ature1 ^u su*       
c>efully *os5 classic "w z %all         
invigorate & deep5 x4 ,!re is pl5ty (   
vagrancy 9 read+2 ! public libr>ies &   
*eap pap]s are abundantly able to       
satisfy ! truant3 b x ought to be       
recogniz$ once = all t ! s*ools are to  
tra9 ! m9d into appreciation (          
lit]ature1 n to amuse x ) idle div]sion2
 to ?is end1 ! simple/ & mo/ direct     
me?od is to place be=e boys & girls = _!
 regul> task 9 read+1 n scraps f ?is & t
 au?or1 duly p>agraph$ & numb]$1 b a    
wisely select$ s]ies ( works by m5 :om  
_! c\ntry honors1 & :o h made _! c\ntry 
wor? liv+ 94  ,! cont9u\s read+ ( a     
classic is 9 itself a lib]al education2 
! fragm5t>y read+ ( commonplace lessons 
9 m9or morals1 su* z make up mu* ( our  
read+-books1 is a pitiful wa/e ( gr[+   
m5tal p[]s4 ,ev5 7 our read+-books      
compos$ ( *oice selections f ! highe/   

lit]ature1 !y w\ld /ill miss ! v great  
advantage :i* foll[s ^u ! /eady gr[? (  
acqua9tance ) a su/a9$ piece ( lit]>y   
art4 ,i d n insi/1 ( c\rse1 t           
',evangel9e' %\ld be read at "o session 
( ! s*ool1 ?\gh x w\ld be exce$+ly      
helpful 9 tra9+ ! p[]s ( ! m9d if1 aft] 
?is poem _h be5 read day by day = a few 
weeks1 x 7 to be tak5 up fir/ 9 its     
sep>ate ?irds1 & !n 9 an entire read+4  
,:at ,i claim is t ! boy or girl :o has 
read ',evangel9e' ?r\gh /eadily has     
acquir$ a c]ta9 p[] 9 appropriat+       
lit]ature :i* is n to be _h by read+ a  
collection ( m9or poems1--! p[] (       
long-su/a9$ att5tion & int]e/4  #h4 ,!  
/udy ( lit]>y :oles1 :e!r long] or      
%ort]1 9 ! common s*ool is bas$ ^u !    
notion t ! full1 ri* ?\ght ( ! au?or is 
! absorb+ purpose ( our ef=t4 ,lit]ature
 is a res]voir ( m5tal ref9em5t & ri*es1
 = ! ga9+ ( :i* we c af=d to sacrifice  
_m ?+s & make _m ev5 good ?+s           
subord9ate4 ,! words ( ! wise man 9     
recomm5d+ wisdom to ! sons ( m5 are n   

inappropriate3 ,he>2 = ,i w speak (     
excell5t ?+s & ! op5+ ( my lips %all be 
"r ?+s1 & wick$ness is an abom9ation to 
my lips4 ,receive my in/ruction & n     
silv]2 & k r ?an *oice gold4 ,= wisdom  
is bett] ?an rubies2 & all ! ?+s t may  
be desir$ are n to be comp>$ to x4  ,to 
get at ! wisdom ( ! be/ ?9k]s ( ! _w1 s 
f> z x is accessible to *ildr51 is !    
/raight=w>d aim ( su* /udy4 ,! tea*]s ( 
read+1 if !y b realiz$ x1 are ! gu>dians
 ( a temple m beautiful ?an ! ,p>!non 9 
! days ( ,p]icles1 m impressive ?an !   
sacr$ t[]s & porticos at ,j]usalem2 !y  
are ! cu/odians ( a treasure f> m ri* & 
la/+ ?an t 9 any palace ( a k+4 ,su*    
comp>isons1 inde$1 are almo/ belittl+ to
 ! dignity ( our subject4 ,h[ noble &   
va/ is ! temple ( lit]ature6 ,:at s+le  
m9d c grasp its proportions or !        
b\ndless beauty ( its decorations8      
,moreov]1 x is a liv+ temple1 ev] spr++ 
up afre%1 9 all its pri/9e /r5g? &      
beauty1 :]eev] m9ds are f\nd rev]5t1    
/udi\s1 & ?\ghtful4  #i4 ,! old prov]b  

sugge/s t we bew>e ( ! man ( "o book1 & 
is significant ( a /rong practical tru?4
 ,our mod]n life dem&s a some:at broad] 
basis ( op]ations ?an "o book c furni%4 
,b a few ( ! great books1 well ma/]$1   
give ! ma9 elem5ts ( /r5g?4  ,mabie has 
a %ort *apt] on ! ,books ( ,life :i*    
include ! orig9al1 creative1 fir/-h&    
books 9 all lit]atures1 & con/itute 9 ! 
la/ analysis a comp>atively small gr\p1 
) :i* any /ud5t c ?or\ghly famili>ize   
himself4 ,! lit]>y impulse ( ! race has 
express$ itself 9 a great v>iety ( works
 ( v>y+ *>m & p[]1 b ! books :i* are    
f\nta9-heads ( vitality1 ideas1 & beauty
 are few 9 numb]4  ,! effect ^u ! tea*] 
( ! /udy ( a few ( ! ,books ( ,life is  
des]v+ ( emphasis4 ,fir/1 by limit+ !   
*oice to a few ?+s1 tea*]s are able1 )\t
 burd5+ !mselves1 to p5etrate into !    
deep] ?\ght & mean+ ( /&>d works :i* are
 good specim5s & crit]ia ( all sup]ior  
lit]ature4 ,tea*]s are enabl$ ?us to    
become1 9 a limit$ way1 real /ud5ts (   
lit]ature4 ,x has be5 obs]v$1 n seldom1 

t tea*]s ( usual capacity1 :5 turn$ into
 a s+le ri* field l t ( ,hiawa?a or !   
,m]*ant ( ,v5ice or ,! ,lays ( ,anci5t  
,rome or ! ,lady ( ! ,lake1 receive an  
awak5+ :i* means mu* = _! g5]al culture 
& tea*+ p[]4 ,! scatt]+ ( ! att5tion ov]
 miscellane\s selections & fragm5ts c   
h>dly produce ?is awak5+4  ,c]ta9       
difficulties are incid5t to ! read+ (   
long] works z :oles :i* x is well to    
recognize4  #a4 ,!re is no su* nice     
grad+ ( v]bal & language difficulties z 
has be5 wr\ght out 9 "s ( ! /&>d read]s4
 ,on ?is po9t ,scudd] says 7p4 #da (    
,lit]ature 9 ,s*ools73--  ,! drawback to
 ! use ( ^! nurs]y classics 9 !         
s*oolroom und\bt$ly has be5 9 ! abs5ce (
 v]sions :i* are intelligible to *ildr5 
( ! prop] age1 read+ by !mselves4 ,!    
mak]s ( ! grad$ read+-books h exp5d$ all
 _! +5uity 9 grad+ ! asc5t4 ,!y h be5 s 
conc]n$ ab\t ! gradual enl>gem5t ( _!   
vocabul>ies t !y h paid slight att5tion 
to ! ideas :i* ! words 7 int5d$ to      
convey4 ,b j ?is gradation may be secur$

 ?r\gh ! use ( ^! /ories1 & x only ne$s 
t !y %\ld be writt5 out 9 a =m z simple1
 especially z reg>ds ! ord] ( words1 z t
 :i* obta9s 9 ! read+-books ( equival5t 
grade4  ,b 9 ! long] classics = m       
advanc$ grades !re c be no su*          
adaptation1 & ! au?or's =m %\ld be      
reta9$4 ,! au?ors ( ,rip ,van ,w9kle or 
,sn[-,b\nd or ,horatius at ! ,bridge 7 n
 try+ to phrase _! ?\ght to meet ! ne$s 
( *ildr51 b wrote z ! _s mov$ !m4 ,!    
great] vigor & int5sity ( ! au?or's /yle
 w make up1 h[ev]1 9 l>ge "p1 = ?is     
defect 9 easy grad+4 ,*ildr5 are n s mu*
 afraid ( big or new words1 if !re is   
attractiv5ess & p[] ( ?\ght4 ,! l>g]    
ri*ness & v>iety ( language 9 a fruitful
 au?or is a positive advantage z comp>$ 
) ! leanness & dulness ( _m a smoo?ly   
grad$ read+ lesson4  #b4 ,x is claim$ t 
!re is1 9 "s ma/]pieces1 l ,evangel9e or
 "o ( ,web/]'s spee*es1 a monotony &    
tiresome sam5ess :i* gr[s burd5some to  
pupils ere ! conclusion is rea*$4 ,at   
lea/ !re is mu* less v>iety 9 /yle &    

?\ght ?an 9 an equal numb] ( pages 9 !  
usual read]4  ,9 "s cases !re is good   
gr\nd = ?is criticism4 ,x may be a      
defect 9 ! writ]'s /yle1 or 9 n f9d+ a  
suitable selection = ! class4 ,9 "s     
cases x is due to lack ( p[] 9 ! tea*]  
to br+ ! *ildr5 prop]ly into close      
contact ) ! au?or's ?\ght4  ,b dulness &
 apa?y are (t5 f\nd 9 read+ %ort        
selections z well z 9 long] ones4       
,g5]ally speak+1 long] pieces are apt to
 k9dle a deep] & /rong] int]e/4 ,_m ( ! 
long] selections h also great v>iety (  
rhetorical /yle4 ,dick5s's ,*ri/mas     
,c>ol is employ$ 9 "o ( ! drill books 9 
read+ to illu/rate all phases ( voice & 
tone4  #c4 ,x is n an unusual exp]i5ce  
to f9d t a long] /ory or poem seems too 
h>d = a class1 & x may be impossible to 
int]e/ !m because ( v]bal or ?\ght      
difficulties4 ,b ! tea*] %\ld n give up 
! /ruggle at once4 ,(t51 9 a new au?or1 
difficulties t seem at fir/             
insurm\ntable give way be=e vigor\s     
ef=t1 & a lively int]e/ is awak5$4 ,?is 

has be5 notic$ 9 ,macaulay's ,lays (    
,anci5t ,rome1 9 ,irv+'s ,rip ,van      
,w9kle1 9 ,scott's ,lady ( ! ,lake1 also
 9 ,web/]'s ,spee* 9 reply to ,hayne4 ,!
 tea*] %\ld n dep5d :olly ^u ! au?or's  
mak+ himself intelligible & int]e/+ to !
 *ildr54 ,8 own en?usiasm1 cle> grasp ( 
?\ght1 sugge/ive assignm5t ( lesson1 &  
skill 9 comm5t & "q %\ld awak5 insight &
 att5tion4 ,x is advisable at times to  
pass by specially difficult passages1 or
 leave !m = lat] special /udy4  #d4 ,9  
"s s*ools x is n possible to secure     
books conta9+ ! complete classics4 ,b   
ev5 ! regul> read]s (t5 conta9 complete 
poems & /ories1 & sev]al ( ! l>ge       
companies are publi%+ _m ( ! complete   
ma/]pieces 9 good pr9t & b9d+1 no m     
exp5sive ?an ! regul> read]s4  #e4 ,!   
greate/ difficulty1 aft] all1 is ! lack 
( exp]i5ce ( _m tea*]s ) ! long]        
classics4 ,9 _m cases _! inability to   
select :at w\ld suit _! classes is a    
h9drance4 ,b ! exp]i5ce ( _m tea*]s ) ^!
 mat]ials is rapidly settl+ ! "q z to ! 

place & importance ( ! lead+ ma/]pieces 
z well z ( _m %ort] selections4         
,,*apt] ,,iii  ,,lit]>y ,,mat]ials ,,=  
,,! ,,five ,,upp] ,,grades   ,!re is    
great abundance & v>iety ( *oice read+  
matt] suitable = ! grades f ! f\r? to ! 
eigh? inclusive4 ,! be/ sets (          
read+-books h drawn f ?is ri* mat]ial1 b
 no s]ies ( read]s c compass adequately 
! field4 ,"s ( ! long] classical /ories 
& poems h be5 incorporat$ into read]s1 b
 a s+le set ( read]s _c be made l>ge    
en\gh to conta9 a qu>t] ( ! valuable    
read+ matt] :i* %\ld be furni%$ 9 ^!    
grades4 ,! l>ge publi%+ h\ses n[ supply1
 at mod]ate exp5se1 9 small & conv5i5t  
book =m1 a great v>iety ( ! v be/       
complete ma/]pieces4 ,9 ord] to %[ m    
cle>ly ! ri*ness & v>iety ( ?is mat]ial1
 we w discuss briefly ! pr9cipal k9ds ( 
read+ matt] :i* are di/ribut$ ?r\gh ^!  
five grades4 ,we assume t dur+ ! fir/   
?ree ye>s ( s*ool life *ildr5 h le>n$ h[
 to read1 hav+ ma/]$ ! =ms & symbols (  
pr9t$ language4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( ! f\r?   

grade1 !re=e1 !y are prep>$ to read "s (
 ^? *oice lit]>y products :i* con/itute 
a "p ( ! p]man5t lit]ature ( ! _w4 ,aft]
 hav+ collect$ & arrang$ ^! products1 we
 f9d t !y fall into sev]al di/9ctly m>k$
 classes4  #a4 ,! ,my?s4  ,^! include   
su* /ories z ,haw?orne's ,wond] ,book & 
,tanglewood ,tales1 ,peabody's ,old     
,greek ,folk ,/ories1 ,k+sley's ,greek  
,h]oes1 ,! ,/ory ( ,ulysses1 ,bryant's  
translation ( ! ,iliad & ,odyssey1      
,pope's ,hom]1 & _m o!r prose & poetic  
r5d]+s ( ! ,greek my?s4  ,ano!r gr\p (  
my?s include ,mabie's ,norse ,/ories1   
,h]oes ( ,asg>d1 ,siegfri$1 ,my?s (     
,nor!rn ,l&s1 ,sk9n]'s ,read+s 9 ,folk  
,lore1 & _m =ms ( ! ,norse my?s4 ,! /ory
 ( ,hiawa?a belongs also to ?is gr\p1   
:ile "s ( ! e>li] ,engli% & ,roman my?s 
belong to ! same class4  ,! *oice/ ( ^! 
my?ical /ories are di/ribut$ z read+    
matt] ?r\gh ! f\r? & fif? grades4 ,!y   
con/itute a l>ge %>e ( ! mo/ fam\s      
lit]ature ( ! great civiliz$ nations4 ,x
 is wor? :ile to "n ov] ! virtues ( ^!  

/ories & poems4  ,!y h sprung directly  
out ( ! p's life1 !y are race products1 
work$ ov] f age to age by poetic        
spirits1 & f9ally ga!r$ into endur+ =m  
by a ,hom]1 ,virgil1 or ,sp5s]4 ,! be/ (
 our lat] poets & prose ma/]s h employ$ 
_! f9e/ skill 9 r5d]+ !m into simple &  
poetic ,engli%1 z ,bryant1 ,k+sley1     
,longfell[1 ,pope1 ,haw?orne1 ,palm]1   
,t5nyson1 ,*ur*1 & _m m4  ,!y are ! be/ 
descriptions we h ( ! cu/oms1 ideas1 &  
dress1 ! homes1 habits1 & motives1 ( !  
ance/ral races4 ,_m o!r s\rces1 z       
temples1 ru9s1 tombs1 co9s1 etc41 help  
to expla9 ?is e>ly hi/ory2 b ?is        
lit]ature calls x aga9 into life & puts 
mean+ into all o!r s\rces ( k4  ,!      
influ5ce :i* ?is e>ly lit]ature has _h  
^u lat] hi/orical gr[? ( ! great races  
is ov]:elm+1 & is pla9 to ! eyes ( ev5  
uns*ol>ly p]sons4 ,! root f :i* !       
m>vell\s tree ( ,greek civilization grew
 is se5 9 ,hom]'s poems4  ,9 ^! my?s we 
f9d ^? comm&+ *>act]s :i* typify ! /r5g?
 & virtues ( ! race1 z ,a*illes1        

,ulysses1 ,siegfri$1 ,p5elope1 ,?or1    
,apollo1 ,!seus1 ,hiawa?a1 ,orpheus1    
,diana1 ,vulcan1 ,prome!us1 & ! ,muses4 
,a close acqua9tance ) ^! creative ideas
 ( ! e>ly _w is necess>y to an und]/&+ (
 all subsequ5t life & lit]ature4 ,& x is
 n m]ely ! names ( ,greek div9ities &   
def9itions ( _! "* & qualities :i* put  
mean+ into ! numb]less allusions ( mod]n
 writ]s4 ,"o reason :y _m mod]n ?9k]s   
smile at ! trit5ess & *ildi%ness (      
,greek fable is1 t !y h n caught ! _s & 
mean+ ( ! ,greek /ory4 ,! great ma/]s ( 
?\ght1 l ,goe!1 ,%akespe>e1 ,em]son1    
,t5nyson1 & ,bryant1 h se5 deep]4  ,x   
is1 moreov]1 9 *ildhood1 dur+ ! e>ly    
s*ool ye>s especially1 t we may be/     
appreciate & enjoy ^! poetic creations (
 an e>ly _w4 ,x is h>dly to be expect$ t
 p ^: y\? has be5 clamp$ into ! m\ld (  
commonplace & s5su\s facts1 & ^: lat]   
ye>s h be5 cru/$ ov] ) mod]n mat]ialism 
& comm]cialism1 %\ld li/5 ) any pati5ce 
to ,orpheus & ! ,muses1 or ev5 to ! wood
 notes ( ,pan4  ,we h>dly ne$ to dwell  

^u ! idea t ! old h]oic my?s are !      
delight ( boys & girls1 & t ?is sympa?y 
= ! my? is ! f\ndation ( its educative  
p[]4 ,nor is x ! purpose ( ! s*ool to   
w>p ! m9ds ( *ildr5 into ?is "o *annel (
 gr[?4 ,! hi/orical & sci5tific /udies  
run p>allel ) ! my?1 & give /r5g? =     
realities4  ,x is n difficult to see t  
music1 ! drama1 & ! f9e arts spr+ f ^!  
old my?s z f _! *ief s\rce4 ,!y furni%  
motive to _m ( ! greate/ works (        
dramati/1 compos]1 pa9t]1 & sculptor1 9 
all ! ages s9ce4 ,a,eschylus & ! ,greek 
dramati/s1 ,goe! & ,wagn]1 ,f5elon &    
,%akespe>e1 drew abundantly f ^! s\rces4
  ,a few ( ! /rik+ *>act]s ( ?is great  
age ( h]oic my?s %\ld be treat$ ) su*   
fulness z to /& out cle>ly to ! *ildr5 &
 appeal to ! he>t z well z to ! head4   
,ulysses & ,siegfri$ /& 9 ! c5tre ( two 
( ! *ief /ories1 & exemplify great      
qualities ( "*1 /r5g?1 wisdom1 &        
nobl5ess ( m9d4  ,9 ! ?ird grade !      
*ildr5 h _h an oral introduction to "s (
 ! old /ories1 & h _h a spirit$ entrance

 to ,my?l&4 ,?is oral treatm5t ( !      
/ories is a fitt+ & necess>y prelude to 
! read+ "w ( ! f\r? & fif? grades4 ,x is
 m fully discuss$1 toge!r ) ! art ( !   
/ory-tell]1 9 ,! ,special ,me?od 9      
,prim>y ,read+ & ,/ory4  ,closely relat$
 to ! my?s1 & k9dr$ 9 _s1 are su* *oice 
read+ mat]ials z ,! ,arabian ,nights1   
,k+ ( ! ,gold5 ,riv]1 ,/ockton's        
,fanciful ,tales1 ,! ,pi$ ,pip]1 & a    
numb] ( %ort] poems & /ories f\nd 9 !   
collections recomm5d$ = f\r? & fif?     
grades4 ,"s ( ,haw?orne's & ,irv+'s     
/ories belong also to ?is gr\p4  #b4    
,ballads & ,traditional ,/ories4  ,a    
some:at di/9ct gr\p ( ! be/ read+ = f\r?
 & fif? grades is f\nd 9 ! hi/orical    
ballads & national leg5ds f ! e>ly      
hi/ory ( ,engl&1 ,g]many1 ,italy1 &     
,france4 ,!y include su* selections z   
,sir ,patrick ,sp5s1 ,! ,ballads ( ,rob9
 ,hood1 ,horatius1 ,bannock-burn1 ,!    
,he>t ( ! ,bruce1 ,! ,/ory ( ,regulus1 (
 ,c9c9natus1 ,alfr$ ! ,h>p]1 & _m m4 ,9 
! li/ ( books recomm5d$ = *ildr5's read+

 are sev]al ballad books1 ,macaulay's   
,lays ( ,anci5t ,rome1 ,! ,book ( ,gold5
 ,de$s1 ,tales f ,engli% ,hi/ory1 &     
sev]al o!rs1 ) great v>iety ( poem &    
/ory4 ,_m ( ^! selections are %ort &    
spirit$ & well suit$ to awak5 ! /ronge/ 
en?usiasm ( *ildr54 ,!y are sometimes 9 
dialogue =m1 bo? 9 prose & v]se1 h /rong
 dramatic action1 & are ?us helpful 9   
v>iety & =ce ( expression4 ,!re is also 
mu* e>ly hi/ory & national _s involv$4  
,! old hi/orical ballads & traditions h 
great educative value4 ,!y are simple1  
crude1 & p[]ful1 & awak5 ! _s to receive
 ! message ( h]oism4 ,9 h] introduction 
to ! ,ballad ,book1 ,ka?>9e ,lee ,bates 
says1 ,= ^! primitive folk-songs1 :i* h 
done s mu* to educate ! poetic s5se 9 ! 
f9e peasantry ( ,scotl&--t peasantry :i*
 has produc$ an ,ayre%ire ,pl\ghman & an
 ,ettric ,%eph]d--are assur$ly1         
',?anks to ! human he>t by :i* x lives1'
  among ! be/ educators t c be br\ght   
into our s*oolrooms4  ,! ,lays ( ,anci5t
 ,rome1 ! ,ballads1 & ! ,tales f ,engli%

 ,hi/ory belong to ! h]oic s]ies4 ,?\gh 
f> sep>at$ 9 "t & place1 !y brea! ! same
 _s ( p]sonal en]gy1 self-sacrifice1 &  
love ( c\ntry4 ,!y reveal manly         
resi/ance to cruelty & tyranny4 ,we may 
beg9 ?is s]ies ) a t]m's "w ^u          
,macaulay's ,lays & a few o!r *oice     
/ories 9 prose & v]se4 ,!reaft] we may  
ins]t o!r ballads1 :]e ne$$1 9          
connection ) hi/ory1 & 9 amplification (
 long] /ories or ma/]pieces l ,scott's  
,tales ( a ,gr&fa!r1 & ,m>mion4 ,9 !    
fif? grade1 *ildr5 are ( an age :5 ^!   
/ories ( h]oism 9 old5 days /rike a     
responsive *ord4 ,!y delight 9 su*      
tales1 memorize !m1 & ent] into ! full  
en]gy ( _! spirit$ reproduction4 ,! ma9 
purpose at fir/ is to appreciate _!     
?\ght z an expression ( hi/ory1         
tradition1 & national life4 ,a complete 
& absorb+ /udy ( a s+le s]ies ( ^!      
ballads1 z ( ,macaulay's1 supplies also 
an excell5t /&>d ( comp>ison = o!r m or 
less simil> episodes 9 ! hi/ory (       
,switz]l&1 ,greece1 ,engl&1 & ,am]ica4  

,^! hi/orical leg5ds m]ge almo/         
imp]ceptibly into ! hi/orical tales (   
e>ly ,engli%1 ,roman1 & ,fr5* or ,g]man 
hi/ory4 ,! patri>*al /ories ( ! ,old    
,te/am5t furni% ! f9e/ ( e>ly hi/ory    
/ories & %\ld be includ$ 9 ^! mat]ials4 
,! ,old ,/ories ( ! ,ea/1 & ,old        
,te/am5t ,/ories 9 ,scripture ,language 
are among ! be/4  #c4 ,/ories (         
,*ivalry4  ,tales ( *ivalry1 beg9n+ )   
,ar?ur & 8 ,r\nd ,table ,knights1 ,rol& 
& ,oliv]1 & o!r m$iaeval tales1 h a     
great attraction = poets & *ildr54 ,su* 
books are includ$ 9 our li/s z ,! ,c\rt 
( ,k+ ,ar?ur1 ! ,/ory ( ,rol&1 ,tales ( 
,*ivalry1 ,! ,boys' ,k+ ,ar?ur1 ! ,age (
 ,*ivalry1 & ,! ,com+ ( ,ar?ur & ,pass+ 
( ,ar?ur4 ,!re are also _m %ort] poems  
t\*+ ?is _s ( *ivalry 9 ! ,ballad       
lit]ature4 ,! "* & _s ( ,k+ ,ar?ur z    
reveal$ 9 ! mat*less music ( ,t5nyson   
%\ld f9d its way to ! he>ts ( *ildr5    
be=e !y leave ! s*ool4 ,l ,sir ,galahad1
 he c\ld say1    ,my /r5g? is z ! /r5g? 
( t5   ,because my he>t is pure4  #d4   

,hi/orical ,/ories & ,poems4  ,9 ! fif? 
& six? grades *ildr5 %\ld beg9 to read  
"s ( ! be/ biographical & hi/orical     
/ories ( ,am]ica & ( ,european c\ntries4
 ,( ^! we h excell5t mat]ials f _m l&s &
 p]iods ( "t1 su* z ,higg9son's ,am]ican
 ,explor]s1 ,morris's ,hi/orical ,tales 
7bo? ,am]ican & ,engli%71 ,/ories (     
,am]ican ,life & ,adv5ture1 ,/ories (   
,our ,c\ntry1 ,pione] ,hi/ory ,/ories1  
,t5 ,boys on ! ,road f ,long ,ago1 ,!   
,/ory ( ! ,engli%1 ,/ories f ,h]odotus1 
,pilgrims & ,puritans1 ,haw?orne's      
,biographical ,/ories1 ,/ories f        
,am]ican ,life1 & o!rs4  ,9 ! oral      
hi/ory lessons giv5 on alt]nate days 9  
f\r? grade 7see special me?od 9 hi/ory7 
we h made a spirit$ entrance to ,am]ican
 hi/ory ?r\gh ! pione] /ories ( !       
,mississippi ,valley4 ,^! %\ld prec$e & 
pave ! way = classic read+s 9 ,am]ican  
hi/ory4 ,9 ! fif? grade1 ! /ories (     
,columbus & ( ! *ief navigators1 also ! 
n>ratives ( ! ,atlantic coa/ pione]s1   
are told4 ,! regul> hi/ory "w ( ! six?  

grade %\ld be a /udy ( ! gr[? ( ! lead+ 
colonies dur+ ! colonial p]iod & ! ,fr5*
 & ,indian ,w>s4  ,9 ! fif? grade we may
 beg9 to read "s ( ! h]o n>ratives ( our
 own pione] epo* z r5d]$ by ! be/       
writ]s2 = in/ance1 ,higg9son's ,am]ican 
,explor]s1 ,pilgrims & ,puritans1       
,/ories ( ,our ,c\ntry1 & ,gr&fa!r's    
,*air4 ,!y are lifelike & spirit$1 &    
introduce u to ! realism ( our e>ly     
hi/ory 9 its rugg$ exposure & trials1   
:ile !y br+ out ^? /]n b high ideals (  
life :i* ! ,puritan & ! ,cavali]1 !     
navigator1 ! pione] hunt]1 & explor]    
illu/rate4 ,higg9son's collection (     
lett]s & reports ( ! e>ly explor]s1 ) _!
 qua9t language & eye-witness           
descriptions1 is /rik+ly vivid 9 its    
portraiture ( e>ly sc5es ^u our %ores4  
,haw?orne1 9 ,gr&fa!r's ,*air1 has m\ld$
 ! h>dy biography ( ,new ,engl& lead]s  
into lit]>y =m4  #e4 ,great             
,biographies4  ,9 addition to ! %ort]   
biographical /ories j m5tion$1 z *ildr5 
advance into ! six?1 sev5?1 & eigh?     

grades1 !y %\ld make a close acqua9tance
 ) a few ( ! great biographies4 ,!re is 
an abundance ( excell5t ,am]ican        
biographies1 b we %\ld limit ourselves  
to ^? mo/ important & be/ suit$ to      
influ5ce ! "* ( "y p4 ,x is necess>y    
also to use ^? :i* h be5 writt5 9 a /yle
 easily compreh5d$ by ! *ildr54 ,"s ( ! 
be/ are z foll[s3 ,scudd]'s ,life (     
,wa%+ton1 ,frankl9's ,autobiography1    
,hosm]'s ,life ( ,samuel ,adams1 & !    
lives ( ,john ,qu9cy ,adams1 ,daniel    
,web/]1 & ,l9coln 9 ! ,/atesman ,s]ies4 
,!re are two fairly good books (        
,l9coln's e>ly life = *ildr54 ,!re are  
also _m %ort] biographies includ$ 9 !   
books recomm5d$ = regul> or collat]al   
read+4  ,9 /yle & cont5t ! /ory (       
,frankl9 is "o ( ! be/ = *ildr54 ,!     
,autobiography ( ,frankl9 has _m graphic
 t\*es f ,am]ican life4 ,8 int5se       
practical p]sonality1 8 _m-sid$ness &   
public _s1 make up a "* t w long in/ruct
 & op5 out 9 _m directions ! m9ds ( !   
"y4 ,8 cle> s5se & wisdom 9 small       

affairs z 9 great1 & ! pleas+ /yle ( 8  
n>rative1 are suffici5tly *>act]i/ic to 
h a /rong p]sonal impression4 ,x w h>dly
 be necess>y to take ! :ole ( !         
,autobiography1 b ! m attractive p>ts1  
leav+ ! re/ to ! private read+ ( *ildr54
 ,poor ,ri*>d's ,almanac int5sifies !   
notion ( ,frankl9's practical & ev]yday 
wisdom1 & at ! same "t introduces !     
*ildr5 to a =m ( lit]ature t1 9 colonial
 days1 "u ,frankl9's patronage1 _h a    
wide acceptance & la/+ influ5ce 9       
,am]ica4  ,plut>*'s ,lives furni% a     
s]ies ( great biographies :i* gramm>    
s*ool *ildr5 %\ld become well acqua9t$  
)4 ,! lives ( ,am]ican writ]s & poets   
%\ld be br\ght to ! att5tion ( *ildr5 9 
conjunction ) _! productions4 ,!        
,*ildr5's ,/ories ( ,am]ican ,lit]ature 
& ! introductory *apt]s ( _m ( !        
ma/]pieces furni% ?is int]e/+ & /imulat+
 mat]ial4 ,x %\ld n be neglect$ by      
pupils & tea*]s4 ,= old] pupils & =     
tea*]s sev]al ( ,macaulay's ,essays are 
valuable1 & ! /yle is /rik+ly int]e/+4  

,= example1 ! essays on ,samuel         
,johnson1 ,"l ,*a?am1 ,milton1 ,addison1
 & ,fr$]ick ! ,great4 ,motley's ,essay  
on ,pet] ! ,great & ,c>lyle's ,essay on 
,burns are ( simil> int]e/ & value4 ,!  
,s*o5b]g ,cotta ,family is valuable 9 ! 
upp] gramm> grades4 ,mo/ ( ?is k9d (    
read+ mu/ be outside ref]5ce "w if x is 
done at all4 ,tea*]s %\ld1 fir/ ( all1  
enri* _! own exp]i5ce by ^! read+s1     
occasionally br+ a book to ! class f :i*
 selections may be read1 &1 secondly1   
enc\rage ! m en?usia/ic & capable *ildr5
 to ?is wid] field ( read+4  #f4        
,hi/orical ,poems & ,pictures ( ,am]ican
 ,life4  ,"s ( ! be/ ,am]ican poems &   
prose ma/]pieces are f9e descriptions ( 
,am]ican life & mann]s1 9 diff]5t p>ts (
 ! c\ntry & at v>i\s times4 ,su* are3   
,c\rt%ip ( ,miles ,/&i%1 ,tales ( !     
,:ite ,hills1 ,sn[-,b\nd1 ,rip ,van     
,w9kle1 & ,sleepy ,holl[4 ,! ,g5tle     
,boy1 ,mabel ,m>t91 ,giles ,corey1      
,evangel9e1 ,uncle ,tom's ,cab91 & "s ( 
! great biographies1 l ^? ( ,samuel     

,adams1 ,frankl91 ,wa%+ton1 & ,l9coln1  
are also f9e descriptions ( home life 9 
,am]ica4 ,! same may be said ( "s ( !   
ma/]pieces ( ,engli% & ,european        
lit]ature1 = example1 ,ivanhoe1 ,rog] de
 ,cov]ley1 ,! ,*ri/mas ,c>ol1 ,vic> (   
,wakefield1 ,william ,tell1 ,silas      
,m>n]1 ,! ,cott]'s ,saturday ,night1 &  
,s*o5b]g ,cotta ,family4  ,! culture    
value ( ^! pictures ( home & dome/ic    
life = "y p is surpass+ly great4        
,gradually _! views are broad5$1 & !y   
may be imbu$ ) ^? social1 home-br$      
qualities & virtues s fundam5tal 9 human
 life4  ,irv+'s /ories & ,longfell['s   
,miles ,/&i% give a /ill m pron\nc$ &   
pleas+ lit]>y ca/ to two ( ! *>act]i/ic 
=ms ( life 9 our colonial hi/ory1 !     
,puritan & ! ,dut* ,patroon4 ,if !      
*ildr5 h rea*$ ?is po9t1 :]e !y c read &
 enjoy ! ,sket*-,book1 x w be wor? mu* z
 a description ( life along ! ,hudson1 &
 w develop ta/e & appreciation = lit]>y 
excell5ce4 ,ev5 ! fanciful & ridicul\s  
elem5ts conduce to m5tal heal? &        

s\ndness1 by %[+ up 9 pleas+ satire !   
weaknesses & foibles ( well-mean+ p4    
,sn[-,b\nd1 ,songs ( ,labor1 & ,among ! 
,hills1 :ile n hi/orical 9 ! usual s5se1
 are /ill pla9ly ,am]ican1 & may well be
 associat$ ) o!r poetic del9eations (   
,am]ican life4 ,sn[-,b\nd is a picture (
 ,new ,engl& life1 ) its pleas+ &       
deep-root$ memories4 ,its family _s &   
idealization ( common objects & joys    
make x a classic :i* rea*es ! he>ts (   
boys & girls4 ,among ! ,hills is also a 
picture ( home life 9 ,new ,engl&       
m\nta9s1 a contra/ ( ! mean & l[ 9 home 
environm5t to ! beauty ( ?rift & ta/e & 
unselfi% home joys4 ,! ,songs ( ,labor  
are descriptive ( ! toils & _s ( our    
v>i$ employm5ts 9 ,new ,engl& & ( t l>g]
 ,new ,engl& :i* ! migrat+ ,yankees h   
e/abli%$ betwe5 ! oceans4  ,evangel9e is
 ano!r lit]>y pe>l t en%r9es 9 sad &    
m\rnful measures a /ory ( colonial days1
 & tea*es sev]al great lessons1 z ( !   
h>%ness & inju/ice ( w>1 ( fair-m9d$ness
 & sympa?y = ^? ( ali5 spee* & c\ntry1 (

 pati5ce & g5tl5ess & loyalty to high   
ideals 9 a "* famili> & sacr$ to all4   
#g4 ,! ,poetry ( ,nature 9 ! ,ma/]pieces
 ( ,lit]ature4  ,bo? 9 poetic & 9 prose 
=m !re is great v>iety & dep? ( nature  
wor%ip 9 good lit]ature4 ,!re are few1  
if any1 ( ! great poets :o h n be5      
en?usia/ic & sympa!tic obs]v]s (        
nature1--nature lov]s1 we may call !m4  
,we c h>dly m5tion ! names ( ,em]son1   
,bryant1 & ,wordswor?1 )\t ?9k+ ( _!    
lov+ companion%ip ) nature1 _! flight to
 ! woods & fields4 ,b ! same is true (  
,l[ell1 ,:itti]1 ,haw?orne1 ,:itman1 &  
all ! re/4 ,:5 we add to ^!1 ^?         
companions ( nature1 su* z ,?oreau1     
,le&] ,keys]1 ,olive ,?orn ,mill]1      
,burr\ghs1 ,w>n]1 & o!rs ( l _s1 we may 
be surpris$ at ! numb] ( our lead+      
writ]s :o h f\nd _! *ief delight 9      
dwell+ close to ! he>t ( nature4  ,an   
exam9ation ( ! books recomm5d$ =        
*ildr5's /udy & delight w reveal a l>ge 
numb] ( ! mo/ graceful1 inspirit+       
products ( human ?\ght1 :i* are nature  

poems1 nature hymns1 odes to skyl>k1 !  
d&elion1 ! m\nta9 daisy1 commun+s ) !   
myriad moods & =ms ( ! natural _w4 ,su* 
books z ,nature ,pictures by ,am]ican   
,poets1 ,gold5 ,treasury ( ,songs &     
,lyrics1 ,poetry ( ! ,seasons1 ! ,op5   
,sesame books1 & o!rs1 %[ an inf9ite    
v>iety ( poetic inspiration f nature4   
,add+ to ^! ,burr\ghs's ,birds & ,bees1 
,wake ,rob91 ,squirrels & o!r           
,fur-be>]s2 ,?oreau's ,succession ( ,=e/
 ,trees2 ,higg9son's ,outdoor ,pap]s2   
,keys]'s ,news f ! ,birds1 ,9 ,bird ,l&1
 & ,birddom2 ,torrey's ,footpa? ,way1 & 
,birds 9 ! ,bu%2 ,long's ,wild]ness     
,ways1 & ,ways ( ,wood ,folk2 ! ,plant  
,_w ( ,v9c5t1 ! ,natural ,hi/ory (      
,selborne1 & o!rs ( l quality1--& we h  
an abundance ( ! mo/ fri5dly & entic+   
invitations to nature /udy4 ,^! mat]ials
 are suit$1 by prop] arrangem5t1 to all 
! grades f ! f\r? up4 ,"u good tea*]s   
su* books c d no o!r ?an awak5 &        
enc\rage ! happie/ k9d ( obs]vation &   
sympa?y = nature4 ,x is ! k9d (         

appreciation ( birds & trees1 insects & 
cl\ds1 :i* at once tra9s to close &     
discrim9at+ p]ception1 & to !           
cultivation ( ae/hetic s5se 9 color1 =m1
 & s\nd4  ,! love ( nature _c be bett]  
in/ill$ ?an by foll[+ ^! poets4  ,:ile !
 /udy ( lit]ature z x images nature _c  
take ! place ( pure sci5ce1 x is ! mo/  
p[]ful ally t ! sci5ti/ c call 94 ,!    
poets c d z mu* to idealize sci5ce /udy1
 to wake ! dull eye1 & quick5 ! languid 
int]e/ 9 nature1 z sci5ti/s !mselves4   
,away1 !n1 ) ?is presum$ antagonism     
betwe5 lit]ature & sci5ce6 ,nei!r is    
complete )\t ! o!r4 ,nei!r c /& on its  
own feet4 ,b toge!r1 9 mutual support1  
!y _c be tripp$ up4 ,! facts1 ! laws1 ! 
utilities1 adaptations1 & wond]s 9      
nature are n s m>vell\s b ! poet's eye w
 pi]ce b5ea? & above !m1 w give !m a    
deep] int]pretation1 & clo! !m 9 a g>m5t
 ( beauty & praise4 ,!re is no?+        
beautiful or gr& or praisewor?y t !     
poet's eye w n detect x1 & ! poet's art 
reveal x 9 liv+ & la/+ =ms4 ,let !      

sci5ti/ delve & ! poet s+4 ,! messages  
betwe5 !m %\ld be only ^? ( *e]4  ,x is 
9 ?is myriad-voic$ _w ( fields & brooks1
 ( m\nta91 lake1 & riv]1 ( /orm & cl\d &
 ( ! *ang+ seasons1 t poets f9d !       
images1 sugge/ions1 & analogies :i*     
int]pret & illu/rate ! spiritual life ( 
man4 ,! m rigid /udy ( sci5ce 9         
laboratory & class-room is necess>y to !
 /ud5t1 b x w\ld be a n>r[ & p$antic    
tea*] :o w\ld n welcome ! poetic temp] &
 en?usiasm 9 nature /udy4  ,! tea*]s (  
read+ h1 !re=e1 ! be/ ( all             
opportunities = cultivat+ ?is _m-sid$   
sympa?y = & insight into nature1 & at ! 
same "t to tra9 ! *ildr5 to correlate ^!
 nature poems ) _! sci5ce /udies4       
,obs]v]s l ,?oreau & ,burr\ghs give u ! 
greate/ inducem5t = gett+ out into !    
woods4 ,!y op5 our eyes to ! beauties & 
our he>ts to ! tru? ( nature's tea*+s4  
,^! are ! g>d5s ( delight :]e sci5ce &  
poetry walk h& 9 h& & speak face to     
face4 ,x w\ld n be difficult to %[ t _m 
( ! greate/ sci5ti/s 7 poets1 & t "s ( !

 *iefe/ poets h be5 =emo/ 9 sci5tific   
/udy4  #h4 ,! ,s5tim5t ( ,patriotism 9  
,lit]ature4  ,! p[]ful national _s f9ds 
expression 9 _m =ms ( lit]ature1 9      
hymns1 9 w> song1 9 oration1 9 essay1 9 
pione] n>rative1 9 /ories ( battle1 9   
novel1 9 flag song1 9 ballad1 & 9       
biography4  ,we h already not$ ! great  
significance ( ,am]ican hi/ory /ories 9 
f\r? & fif? grades4 ,x is f ! e>ly      
pione] epo* & ! colonial hi/ory t we    
d]ive mu* ( our be/ educative hi/ory4 ,!
 h]oism ( ^! old days has be5           
commemorat$ 9 /ory & poem by our be/    
writ]s4  ,z we approa* ! ,revolution>y  
crisis a new body ( *oice lit]>y        
products1 agl[ ) ! fire ( patriotism &  
indep5d5ce1 is f\nd /or$ up = ! joy &   
/imulus ( our gr[+ "y ,am]icans3 ,paul  
,rev]e's ,ride1 ,gr&mo!r's ,/ory (      
,bunk] ,hill1 ,wa%+ton's lett]s1 ,a     
,ballad ( ! ,bo/on ,tea ,p>ty1 ,ode =   
,wa%+ton's ,bir?day1 ,lex+ton 7,holmes71
 ,! ,song ( ,m>ion's ,m51 ,! ,gre5      
,m\nta9 ,boys1 ,web/]'s spee*es at      

,bunk] ,hill & on ,adams & ,jeff]son1   
,old ,ticond]oga 7,haw?orne71 ,burke's  
spee* on ! ,am]ican ,w>1 ,wa%+ton's     
,f>ewell to ! ,army1 ,! ,decl>ation (   
,indep5d5ce1 ,"u ! ,old ,elm1 &         
descriptions ( "s ( ! great sc5es ( ! w>
 by our be/ hi/orians4  ,x is to be     
desir$ t *ildr5 9 ! sev5? grade may h   
opportunity 9 regul> hi/ory lessons to  
/udy 9 detail a few ( ! c5tral topics ( 
! ,revolution>y epo*4 ,?is w put !m 9   
t\* ) ! _s & surr\nd+s ( ! ,am]icans4   
,9 ! read+ lessons ( ! same grade we may
 well af=d to discov] & feel :at our be/
 patriots & m5 ( lett]s h said & felt 9 
view ( ! /ruggle = fre$om4 ,! noble/    
expressions ( s5tim5t ^u great m5 & _!  
a*ievem5ts are contagi\s ) ! "y4        
,patriotism c f9d no bett] soil 9 :i* to
 /rike its deepe/ roots ?an ! noble     
outbur/s ( our orators & poets &        
patriotic /atesm54 ,! cumulative effect 
( ^! v>i$ b k9dr$ mat]ials is great] ?an
 :5 scatt]$ & disconnect$4 ,!y mutually 
support ea* o!r1 & :5 !y are br\ght into

 close dep5d5ce ^u p>allel hi/orical    
/udies1 we may well say t ! *ildr5 are  
dr9k+ f ! deep & pure s\rces ( true     
,am]icanism4  ,p>allel to :atev] hi/ory 
we attempt to tea* 9 ! eigh? grade %\ld 
run a selection ( ! be/ lit]>y products 
t our ,am]ican au?ors c furni%1 & "h    
aga9 we are ri* 9 res\rces4 ,! ?\ght &  
life ( our p f9d _! high-wat] m>k 9 !   
poet's cl>ion note & ! /atesman's       
impassion$ appeal4 ,no o!rs h p]ceiv$ ! 
de/9y ( our "y republic z our *]i%$     
poets1 ,longfell[1 ,:itti]1 ,bryant1    
,holmes1 & ,em]son4 ,!y h /ood ^u !     
m\nta9 tops1 look+ f> & wide ?r\gh !    
cle> atmosph]e1 :ile ! great army ( ! p 
has be5 t5t+ 9 ! valleys bel[4 ,^!      
wakeful prie/s & prophets h caught !    
bright t9ts ( ! morn+ :ile ! p 7 /ill   
asleep1 & h witness$ ! suffus$ glory ( !
 sunset cl\ds :5 ! we>y masses bel[ _h  
already =gott5 ! day's toil4 ,"o ?+ at  
lea/1 & t ! greate/1 c be done = our    
*ildr5 be=e !y f9i% ! common s*ool      
c\rse4 ,!y may rise into ?is pure       

atmosph]e ( poet1 patriot1 sage1 &      
prophet4 ,!y may he> ^! dea?less /ra9s &
 feel ! ?rill ( ^! cl>ion notes4 ,let _!
 e>s be once attun$ to ! /r5g? & h>mony 
( ?is music1 & x w n cease to e*o 9 _!  
deep] life4 ,! future patriots w be at  
h&1 & ! com+ ye>s w see !m ris+ to !    
great duties t inevitably await !m4 ,we 
h a body ( noble1 patriotic mat]ial :i* 
is capable ( produc+ ?is effect if h&l$ 
by skilful tea*]s3 ! ,ord9ance ( #aghg1 
,! ,f$]ali/1 ,numb]s #a & #b1 ,wa%+ton's
 ,inaugurals & ! ,f>ewell ,address1     
,ev]ett's ,oration on ,wa%+ton1 ,o ,"m (
 ,mighty ,race 7,bryant72 ,our ,c\ntry's
 ,call 7,bryant72 ,abraham ,l9coln      
7,bryant72 ,l9coln's ,inaugurals &      
,gettysburg ,spee*1 ,army ,hymn & ,!    
,fl[] ( ,lib]ty 7,holmes71 ,web/]'s     
,second ,spee* on ,foot's ,resolution1  
,! ,emancipation ,proclamation1 ,!      
,=tune ( ! ,republic 7,em]son71 etc41   
,antiquity ( ,fre$om 7,bryant72         
,c5t5nial ,hymn 7,:itti]72 ,! ,build+ ( 
! ,%ip 7,longfell[72 ,! ,poor ,vot] on  

,election ,day 7,:itti]74  ,:y n ga!r   
toge!r ^! s\rces ( p[]1 ( unselfi%      
patriotism1 ( self-sacrifice1 ( noble & 
inspir+ impulse8 ,let ?is fruit-br++ se$
 be s[n deep 9 ! m9ds & he>ts ( !       
receptive "y4 ,:at has inspir$ ! be/ (  
m5 to high ?9k+ & liv+ c t\* !m4  ,x is 
n by read+ & declaim+ a few miscellane\s
 fragm5ts ( patriotic gu%1 n by wav+    
flags & bann]s & foll[+ processions1 t !
 deep] s5tim5ts ( patriotism & humanity 
are to be t\*$1 b by ga!r+ & conc5trat+ 
^! full]1 ri*] s\rces ( spiritual p[] & 
consci\s national de/9y4 ,! s*oolroom is
 by f> ! be/ place to consolidate ^!    
purify+ & cons]v+ s5tim5ts4 ,by ga!r+   
into a ris+ s]ies & focuss+ 9 ! high]   
grades ! v>i\s =ms1 9 prose & v]se1 9   
:i* ! g5ius ( our c\ntry has f\nd its   
/ronge/ expression2 by associat+ ^! r++ 
s5tim5ts ) ! epo*s & crises ( our       
hi/ory1 ) ! valor\s de$s ( patriots ^u !
 field & ( /atesm5 9 ! s5ate1 ) ! life &
 long+s ( home-nurtur$ poets &          
sages1--we %all plant se$ ^: fruitage w 

n disappo9t ! lov]s ( ! fa!rl&4  ,mr4   
,horace ,e4 ,scudd]1 9 8 two essays on  
,lit]ature & ,am]ican ,classics 9 !     
,common ,s*ool1 has portray$ ) conv9c+  
cle>ness ! spiritual p[] & high-ton$    
,am]icanism :i* brea! f ^? lit]>y       
monum5ts :i* h be5 qu>ri$ f our own     
hillsides & *isell$ by ,am]ican h&s4 ,we
 recomm5d to e tea*] ! read+ 9 full ( ^!
 essays1 f :i* we quote at mu* l5g?3--  
,fifty ye>s ago !re 7 liv+ 9 ,am]ica six
 m5 ( m>k1 ( :om ! y\nge/ 0 !n n9ete5   
ye>s ( age1 ! olde/ =ty-f\r4 ,?ree ( !  
six are 9 _! graves & ?ree /ill brea! ! 
k9dly air4 ,s9ce ?is 0 writt51 9 #ahhh1 
! la/ ( ! six has pass$ away4 ,"o only (
 ! six has held high place 9 ! national 
c\ncils1 & x is n by t di/9ction t he is
 kn[n & lov$4 ,!y h n be5 9 battle2 !y h
 _h no armies at _! comm&2 !y h n amass$
 great =tunes1 nor h great indu/ries    
wait$ on _! movem5ts4 ,^? pageants (    
circum/ances :i* k9dle ! imag9ation h   
be5 remote f _! names4 ,!y 7 born on    
,am]ican soil2 !y h brea!d ,am]ican air2

 !y 7 nurtur$ on ,am]ican ideas4 ,!y are
 ,am]icans ( ,am]icans4 ,!y are z truly 
! issue ( our national life z are !     
common s*ools 9 :i* we glory4 ,dur+ !   
fifty ye>s 9 :i* our common s*ool sy/em 
has be5 gr[+ up to maturity ^! six h    
liv$ & sung2 & ,i d>e say t ! lives &   
songs ( ,bryant1 ,em]son1 ,longfell[1   
,:itti]1 ,holmes1 & ,l[ell h an         
imp]i%able value1 reg>d$ z expon5ts (   
national life1 n = a mom5t to be        
outweigh$ 9 ! balance by ! mo/ elaborate
 sy/em ( common s*ools :i* ! wit ( man  
may devise4 ,! nation may comm& armies &
 s*ools to rise f ! soil1 b x _c call   
into life a poet4 ,yet :5 ! poet comes &
 we he> 8 voice 9 ! upp] air1 !n we "k !
 nation he owns is wor?y ( ! "n4 ,d m5  
ga!r grapes ( ?orns or figs ( ?i/les8   
,ev5 s1 pure poetry spr+s f no rank soil
 ( national life4  ,i am n argu+ = !    
critical /udy ( our great au?ors1 9 !   
high] grades ( our s*ools4 ,!y are n !  
be/ subjects = critical s*ol>%ip2       
criticism dem&s great] remot5ess1 great]

 =eignness ( nature4 ,moreov]1 critical 
/udy is n ! sure/ me?od ( secur+ ! full 
measure ( spiritual light1 ?\gh x yields
 abundant ga9 9 ! ref9em5t ( !          
intellectual nature & 9 ! quick5+ ( !   
p]ceptive faculties4 ,i am argu+ = !    
free1 g5]\s use ( ^! au?ors 9 ! pr9cipal
 ye>s ( s*ool life4 ,x is !n t _! p[] is
 mo/ pr(\ndly ne$$1 & w be mo/ /rongly  
felt4 ,we ne$ to put our *ildr5 9 _!    
impressionable ye>s into in/ant & close 
connection ) ! highe/ manife/ation ( our
 national life4 ,away ) ! bottle & !    
tube6 ,give !m a lu/y draft at ! "m's   
full brea/6  ,nor d ,i fe> t su* a c\rse
 w bre$ a n>r[ & p>o*ial ,am]icanism4   
,on ! contr>y1 x w\ld de/roy a vulg>    
pride 9 c\ntry1 help ! "y to see        
humanity f ! heights on :i* ! ma/]s (   
song h dwelt1 & op5 ! m9d to ! m        
hospitable ent]ta9m5t ( ! be/ lit]ature 
( e clime & age4 ,i am conv9c$ t !re is 
no sur] way to introduce ! be/ ,engli%  
lit]ature into our s*ools ?an to give ! 
place ( honor to ,am]ican lit]ature4 ,9 

! ord] ( nature a y\? mu/ be a citiz5 ( 
8 own c\ntry be=e he c become naturaliz$
 9 ! _w4 ,we recognize ?is 9 our        
geography & hi/ory2 we may wisely       
recognize x also 9 our read+4  ,! place1
 !n1 ( lit]ature 9 our common s*ool     
education is 9 spiritualiz+ life1 lett+ 
light into ! m9d1 inspir+ & fe$+ ! high]
 =ces ( human nature4  ,x is ! bus9ess (
 ! old to transmit to ! "y ! great      
traditions ( ! pa/ ( ! c\ntry1 to fe$   
anew ! undy+ flame ( patriotism4 ,!re is
 ! elem5t ( de/9y4 ,no nation lives ^u  
its pa/2 x is already dead :5 x says1   
',let u eat & dr9k to-day2 = to-morr[ we
 die4' ,b :at t de/9y is to be may be   
read 9 ! ideals :i* ! "y are =m+2 & ^?  
ideals1 aga91 x is ! bus9ess ( ! old to 
guide4 ,!y _c =m !m2 ! "y mu/ =m !m =   
!mselves2 b :e!r ^! ideals %all be l>ge 
or petty1 honorable or mean1 w dep5d ^u 
! su/5ance on :i* !y are f$4  ,n[ 9 a   
democracy1 m signally ?an "u any o!r =m 
( national organization1 x is vitally   
necess>y t !re %\ld be an unceas+1      

unimp$$ circulation ( ! spiritual life (
 ! p4 ,! sacrifice ( ! m5 & wom5 :o h   
made & pres]v$ ,am]ica1 f ! days (      
,virg9ia & ,new ,engl& to ?is h\r1 has  
be5 asc5d+ f ! e>? 9 a nev]-end+ cl\d2  
!y h fall5 aga9 9 /ra9s ( music1 9      
sculpture1 9 pa9t+1 9 memorial hall1 9  
tale1 9 oration1 9 poem1 9 consecration 
( life2 & ! _s :i* asc5d$ is ! same z t 
:i* desc5d$4 ,9 lit]ature above all is  
?is _s en%r9$4 ,y h b to ?r[ op5 ! %r9e1
 & ! _s comes ) its outspread bless+s ^u
 millions ( wait+ s\ls4 ,ent]+ !m1 x    
reissues 9 c\ntless %apes1 & ?us is !   
life ( ! nation 9 its highe/ =m kept ev]
 9 motion1 & )\t motion is no life4  ,! 
deposit ( nationality is 9 laws1        
in/itutions1 art1 "*1 & religion2 b     
laws1 in/itutions1 "*1 & religion are   
express$ ?r\gh art & ma9ly ?r\gh ! art (
 lett]s4 ,x is lit]ature1 !re=e1 t holds
 9 precipitation ! g5ius ( ! c\ntry2 & !
 high] ! =m ( lit]ature1 ! m consummate 
! expression ( t _s :i* does n s mu*    
seek a mat]ialization z x %apes itself  

inevitably 9 fitt+ =m4 ,long may we read
 & pond] ! life ( ,wa%+ton1 yet at la/  
fall back cont5t ^u ^? graphic l9es (   
,l[ell 9 ',"u ! ,old ,elm1' :i* cause ! 
figure ( ! great ,am]ican to outl9e     
itself ^u ! imag9ation ) l>ge & /rong   
portraiture4 ,! _s ( ! orations ( ,web/]
 & ,b5ton1 ! :ole hi/ory ( ! "y giant   
pois$ 9 consci\s /r5g? be=e 8 triumphant
 /ruggle1 "o may cat* 9 a brea? 9 ^?    
gl[+ l9es :i* end ',! ,build+ ( ! ,%ip4'
 ,! deep passion ( ! w> = ! ,union may  
be ov]look$ 9 "s =mal /udy ( battles &  
campaigns1 b rises pure1 /rong1 & flam+ 
9 ! immortal ',gettysburg ,spee*4'      
,precisely ?us ! s5tim5t ( patriotism   
mu/ be kept fre% & liv+ 9 ! he>ts ( ! "y
 ?r\gh quick & imm$iate contact ) !     
s\rces ( t s5tim5t2 & ! mo/ helpful     
means are ^? spiritual deposits (       
patriotism :i* we f9d 9 noble poetry &  
l(ty prose1 z communicat$ by m5 :o h    
liv$ patriotic lives & be5 f$ ) coals f 
! alt>4  ,x is f ! m5 & wom5 br$ on     
,am]ican soil t ! fitte/ words come = ! 

spiritual enri*m5t ( ,am]ican y\?4 ,i   
believe he>tily 9 ! advantage ( enl>g+  
"o's horizon by tak+ 9 o!r climes & o!r 
ages1 b fir/ let u make sure ( t great  
expansive p[] :i* lies close at h&4 ,i  
am sure !re nev] 0 a "t or c\ntry :]e   
national education1 "u ! guidance (     
national art & ?\ght1 0 s possible z 9  
,am]ica to-day4  ,! body ( :olesome1    
/rong ,am]ican lit]ature is l>ge en\gh  
to make x possible to keep boys & girls 
^u x f ! "t :5 !y beg9 to recognize !   
elem5t ( au?or%ip until !y leave !      
s*ool1 & x is v>i$ & flexible en\gh to  
give employm5t to ! m9d 9 all its /ages 
( developm5t4 ,moreov]1 ?is lit]ature is
 int]e/+1 & is alli$ ) int]e/+ conc]ns2 
half ! h>d places are ov]come by ! will+
 m9d1 & ! boy :o /umbles ov] "s jejune  
lesson 9 8 read+-book w run ov] a bit ( 
g5u9e prose f ,irv+ :i* ! s*oolbook     
mak]1 ) 8 calip]s1 pron\nces too h>d4   
,we h gone q f> en\gh 9 ! me*anical     
developm5t ( ! common s*ool sy/em4 ,:at 
we mo/ ne$ is ! brea? ( life1 & read+   

(f]s ! noble/ means = receiv+ & imp>t+  
?is brea? ( life4 ,! spiritual elem5t 9 
education 9 our common s*ools w be f\nd 
to lie 9 res]ve 9 lit]ature1 &1 z ,i    
believe1 mo/ effectively 9 ,am]ican     
lit]ature4  ,?9k = a mom5t ( t great1   
sil5t1 resi/less p[] = good :i* might at
 ?is mom5t be lift+ ! y\? ( ! c\ntry1 7 
! h\rs = read+ 9 s*ool exp5d$ ^u !      
undy+1 life-giv+ books6 ,?9k ( !        
sub/antial gr[? ( a g5]\s ,am]icanism1 7
 ! boys & girls to be f$ f ! fre% spr+s 
( ,am]ican lit]ature6 ,x w\ld be no n>r[
 prov9cialism into :i* !y w\ld em]ge4 ,!
 w9d[s 9 ,longfell['s m9d look$ to !    
ea/1 & ! *ildr5 :o h ent]$ into         
possession ( 8 weal? travel f>4         
,bryant's flight c>ries "o ?r\gh upp]   
air1 ov] broad *ampaigns4 ,! lov] (     
,em]son has le>n$ to get a remote       
vision4 ,! companion ( ,?oreau f9ds     
,concord become sudd5ly ! c5tre ( a v   
wide horizon4 ,irv+ has annex$ ,spa9 to 
,am]ica4 ,haw?orne has nationaliz$ !    
gods ( ,greece & giv5 an atmosph]e to   

,new ,engl&4 ,:itti] has translat$ !    
,hebrew ,scriptures into ! ,am]ican     
dialect4 ,l[ell gives ! ,am]ican boy an 
academy )\t cutt+ d[n a /ick ( timb] 9 !
 grove1 or di/urb+ ! birds4 ,holmes     
supplies t hickory :i* makes "o c>eless 
( ! crackl+ ( ?orns4 ,frankl9 makes !   
,am]ica ( a pa/ g5]ation a "p ( ! great 
_w be=e treaties _h b\nd ! float+ /ates 
into =mal connection ) v5]able nations4 
,:at is all ?is b say+ t ! ri*          
inh]itance we h is no local t5-acre lot1
 b a "p ( ! undivid$ e/ate ( humanity4  
,univ]sality1 ,cosmopolitanism1--^! are 
f9e words1 b no man ev] secur$ ! fre$om 
( ! ,univ]se :o did n fir/ pay taxes &  
vote 9 8 own village4--,lit]ature 9     
,s*ool 7,h\ghton1 ,miffl91  ,co474  #i4 
,! s]ies ( ,am]ican classics is n[ise   
conf9$ to ! ideas ( local or national   
patriotism1 b above & beyond t deep &   
p[]ful s5tim5t :i* magnifies !          
opportunity & manife/ de/9y ( our       
nation1 x grasps at ! ideal =m & cont5t 
( ^? ,*ri/ian virtues :i* n[ & ev]more  

c>ry heal+ & com=t to ! toil+ millions4 
,our poets1 z !y h pond]$ on ! pa/ &    
look$ into ! future1 7 n able to be     
cont5t ) less ?an ! be/4 ,z ! vision ( !
 com+ ye>s unroll$ itself be=e !m !y    
look$ ^u x ) joy m+l$ ) solicitude4 ,9 !
 mighty conflicts n[ ^u u only ^? (     
g5]\s & sa9tly purpose & ( pure he>ts c 
prevail4    ,brief is ! "t1 ,i "k1   ,! 
w>f>e sc>ce begun2   ,yet all may w9 !  
triumphs ?\ ha/ won4   ,/ill fl[s ! f\nt
 ^: wat]s /r5g!n$ !e1   ,! victors'     
names are yet too few to fill   ,heav5's
 mighty roll2 ! glori\s armory   ,t     
m9i/]$ to !e is op5 /ill4--,,bryant4    
,to reveal ?is ,*ri/ian armory1 !       
def5ces ( ! s\l aga9/ ! assaults ( evil1
 has be5 ! highe/ inspiration ( our     
poets4 ,:at dep? & beauty & imp]sonation
 ( ,*ri/ian virtues d we f9d 9          
,sn[-,b\nd1 ,among ! ,hills1 ,evangel9e1
 ,! ,conqu]or's ,grave1 ,to a ,wat]f[l1 
,! ,groves 7 ,god's ,fir/ ,temples1 ,!  
,liv+ ,temple1 ,! ,sun ,day ,hymn1 ,!   
,*amb]$ ,nautilus1 ,vision ( ,sir       

,launfal1 ,! ,great ,/one ,face4  ,!    
,bible is n g5]ally admissible z a      
s*oolbook1 b ! _s ( ,*ri/ianity1 clad 9 
! =ms ( /r5g? & grace1 is imman5t 9 !   
works ( our poets4 ,s univ]sal1 s human1
 s fit to ! ne$s & de/9ies ( m51 are !  
tru?s ( ! great evangel1 t ! prophets & 
se]s ( our race drift ev]more into !    
%elt]+ hav5 !y supply4 ,to dr9k 9 ^!    
pot5t tru?s ?r\gh poetry & song1 to see 
!m en%r9$ 9 ! imag]y & f]vor ( ! sacr$  
ma/]pieces ( our lit]ature1 is m ?an    
culture1 m ?an morality2 x is ! portal &
 sanctu>y ( religi\s ?\ght1 & *ildr5 may
 ent] x4  #aj4 ,! high] products (      
lit]ature conta9 an en]gy t quick5s     
spiritual life 9 morals1 9 art1 & 9     
religion4 ,to _m p1 ^: lives are subm]g$
 9 comm]cial pursuits or 9 ! great      
/ruggle to develop & utilize ! mat]ial  
res\rces ( ! _w1 ^! spiritual =ces seem 
vague & %ad[y1 if n my?ical4 ,b !re are 
pl5ty ( h]oic s\ls 9 ! realm ( lett]s1  
su* z ,em]son1 ,scudd]1 ,rusk91 ,arnold1
 & ,c>lyle1 :o are n dispos$ to let m5  

settle d[n 9 lazy satisfaction ) mat]ial
 good1 nor to be bl9d$ ev5 by ! spl5dor 
( mod]n a*ievem5ts 9 eng9e]+1 9 m$ic9e1 
& 9 ! application ( electricity4 ,we mu/
 at lea/ rea* a po9t ( view high en\gh  
to p]ceive ! relations ( ^! natural     
ri*es to ! high] nature & de/9y ( man4  
,scudd] says1 ,x is to lit]ature t we   
mu/ look = ! sub/antial protection ( !  
gr[+ m9d aga9/ an ignoble1 mat]ial      
conception ( life1 & = ! inspir+ p[] :i*
 %all lift ! nature into its rightful   
fell[%ip ) :atsoev] is noble1 true1     
lovely1 & ( good report4  ,%elley1 9 l  
_s1 says3 ,! cultivation ( poetry is    
nev] m to be desir$ ?an at p]iods :51 f 
an excess ( ! selfi% & calculat+        
pr9ciple1 ! accumulation ( ! mat]ials ( 
ext]nal life exce$ ! quantity ( ! p[] ( 
assimilat+ !m to ! int]nal laws ( human 
nature4 ,! body has !n become too       
unwieldy = t :i* animates x4  ,mat!w    
,arnold1 9 ,sweetness & ,light1 :ile    
discuss+ ! function ( t tru] culture &  
p]fection :i* consi/s 9 becom+ some?+ r 

?an 9 hav+ some?+1 rem>ks3--  ,& ?is    
function is p>ticul>ly important 9 our  
mod]n _w1 ( :i* ! :ole civilization is1 
to a mu* great] degree ?an !            
civilization ( ,greece & ,rome1         
me*anical & ext]nal1 & t5ds con/antly to
 become m s4 ,b above all 9 our own     
c\ntry has culture a weighty "p to p]=m 
because "h t me*anical "*1 :i*          
civilization t5ds to take ev]y:]e1 is   
%[n 9 ! mo/ em95t degree4 ,inde$1 ne>ly 
all ! *>act]s ( p]fection1 z culture    
tea*es u to fix !m1 meet 9 ?is c\ntry ) 
"s p[]ful t5d5cy :i* ?w>ts !m & sets !m 
at defiance4 ,! idea ( p]fection z an   
inw>d condition ( ! m9d & _s is at      
v>iance ) ! me*anical & mat]ial         
civilization 9 e/eem ) u1 & n[h]e1 z ,i 
h said1 s mu* 9 e/eem z ) u4  #aa4      
,judg$ by ^! high] /&>ds our writ]s &   
lit]>y lead]s 7 n simply ,am]icans4 ,!y 
7 also ,europeans4 ,! ,puritan br\ght 8 
religion ) him1 ! ,cavali] acquir$ 8    
g5tlemanly in/9cts 9 ! old home1 n 9 !  
untrodd5 =e/s ( ! ,new ,_w4 ,mu* ( :at  

we call ,am]ican is ! w9e ( ! ,old ,_w  
p\r$ into ! be>sk9s & bucksk9s ( ! ,we/1
 ) a flavor ( ! fre$om ( our ,we/]n     
wilds4 ,?\gh born & br$ on ,am]ican soil
 & to ! la/ exempl>s ( ! ,am]ican _s1   
our lit]>y lead]s h d]iv$ _! ideas &    
inspiration f ! lit]ature1 tradition1 & 
hi/ory ( ! ,old ,_w4 ,x w be no small "p
 ( our purpose1 !re=e1 to op5 up to !   
*ildr5 ( our common s*ools ! be/        
entrance to ! hi/ory & lit]ature (      
,europe4 ,our own writ]s & poets h done 
?is = u 9 a v>iety ( in/ances3          
,haw?orne's r5d]+ ( ! ,greek my?s1      
,bryant's translation ( ! ,iliad &      
,odyssey1 a good half ( ,irv+'s         
,sket*-,book1 ,l[ell's ,vision ( ,sir   
,launfal1 ,aladd91 & ,prome!us1 ,irv+'s 
,alhambra1 ,longfell['s ,gold5 ,leg5d1  
,s&alphon1 ,taylor's ,boys ( ,o!r       
,c\ntries4 ,ne>ly ! :ole ( our          
lit]ature1 ev5 :5 deal+ o/5sibly )      
,am]ican topics1 is suffus$ ) ! _s &    
imag]y ( ! ,old ,_w traditions4 ,!re is 
also a l>ge collection ( prose v]sions (

 ,european traditions1 :i*1 :ile n      
classic1 are /ill lively r5d]+s ( old   
/ories & well suit$ to ! collat]al read+
 ( *ildr54 ,su* are ,gods & ,h]oes1     
,tales f ,engli% ,hi/ory1 ,tales f      
,sp5s]1 ,h]oes ( ,asg>d1 ,/ory ( !      
,iliad & ,odyssey4  ,! transition f our 
own poets :o h h&l$ ,european !mes to   
,engli% writ]s :o h done ! same1 is easy
 & natural2 ,macaulay's ,lays ( ,anci5t 
,rome1 ,scott's ,tales ( a ,gr&fa!r1 ,! 
,/ories ( ,wav]ley1 ! ,*ri/mas ,c>ol1   
,k+sley's ,greek ,h]oes & ,wat] ,babies1
 ,rusk9's ,k+ ( ! ,gold5 ,riv]1 ,lady ( 
! ,lake1 ,m>mion1 ,rog] de ,cov]ley     
,pap]s1 ,m]*ant ( ,v5ice1 ,arabian      
,nights1 ,peasant & ,pr9ce1 ,bunyan's   
,pilgrim's ,progress1 ,gulliv]'s        
,travels1 & o!rs h become by inh]itance 
& bir?right z mu* a "p ( ! ,am]ican     
*ild's culture z ! m di/9ctive products 
( our own writ]s4 ,no l9e c be drawn    
betwe5 ^? writ+s :i* are ,am]ican & ^?  
:i* sprung f ! soil ( ,engl& & ,europe4 
,s intimate & vital is ! connection     

betwe5 our pres5t & our pa/1 betwe5 our 
*ildr5 & _! c\s9s across ! wat]4  ,^!   
,am]ican & ,european lit]>y products lie
 side by side 9 ! s*ool c\rse1 ?\gh !   
pr$om9at+ _s ?r\gh ! middle & high]     
grades up to ! eigh? %\ld be ,am]ican4  
,we h notic$ t 9 ! e>li] grades mo/ (   
our classic read+ matt] comes f ,europe1
 ! nurs]y rhymes1 ! folk-lore1 fables1 &
 my?s1 because ! *ildhood ( our culture 
p]iods 0 9 ,europe4 ,b into ! f\r?      
grade1 & f !re on1 beg9n+ ) ! pione]s on
 sea & l&1 our ,am]ican hi/ory &        
lit]ature ent]s z a p[]ful ag5t (       
culture4 ,x br+s u into quick & vital   
contact1 n simply ) ! outw>d facts1 b ) 
! inmo/ _s1 ( our national life &       
/ruggle t[>d developm5t4 ,?is gives !   
,am]ican impulse free & full expansion1 
& =tunate are we1 beyond expression1 t  
pure & l(ty poets /& at ! ?re%old to u%]
 ! *ildr5 into ?is realm1 f\nd$ deep 9 !
 realism ( our pa/ hi/ory & ris+ gr&ly  
into ! idealism ( our desires & hopes4  
,z we advance into ! six?1 sev5?1 &     

eigh? grades ! lit]ature ( ,europe beg9s
 aga9 to increase 9 quantity & influ5ce1
 & to %>e equally ) ,am]ican au?ors !   
att5tion ( ! *ildr54  ,! ,am]icanism (  
our poets & prose writ]s1 z previ\sly   
%[n1 has also ano!r side to x1 :i* is "o
 sign ( ! bread? & _m-sid$ness (        
lit]ature z a /udy = ! "y4 ,nor? ,am]ica
 is a l& ri* 9 v>iety ( natural sc5]y & 
res\rce4 ,nature has deck$ ! ,new ,_w ) 
a lavi% h&1 =e/ & m\nta91 lake & riv]1  
prairie & des]t1 ! summ] l& ( fl[]s & ! 
home ( ,new ,engl& w9t]s4 ,! ma/]pieces 
( our poets are full ( ! sc5]y1         
vegetation1 sunsets1 m\nta9s1 & prairies
 ( ! ,we/]n empire4 ,! fl[]s1 ! birds1 !
 wild bea/s1 ! pa?less =e/s1 ! limitless
 /ret*es ( pla91 h mirror$ !mselves 9 ! 
songs ( our poets1 & h r5d]$ !m de>] to 
u because se5 & realiz$ 9 ?is idealism4 
,unconsci\sly p]haps ! feel+ (          
patriotism is l>gely bas$ ^u ?is k ( !  
ri* & v>i$ beauty & b\nty ( our native  
l&4    ,i love ?y rocks & rills1   ,?y  
woods & templ$ hills1   ,my he>t )      

rapture ?rills1     ,l t above4  ,z     
along ! %ores ( our ,nor!rn lakes ! cle>
 & quiet wat]s reflect ! gre5 banks1 !  
roll+1 =e/-cr[n$ hills1 ! rocky bluffs1 
! float+ cl\ds1 & ov]>*+ blue1 s 9 !    
homespun1 classic v]se & prose ( our own
 writ]s are imag$ ! myriad *>ms ( our   
native l&4 ,bryant especially is ! poet 
( =e/ & glade1 ,! ,=e/ ,hymn1 ,! ,dea? (
 ! ,fl[]s1 ,! ,return ( ! ,birds1 ,a    
,summ] ,ramble1 ,! ,fr+$ ,g5tian1 ,!    
,hunt] ( ! ,prairies1 ,! ,:ite-foot$    
,de]1 ,to a ,wat]f[l1 ,?anatopsis1 & _m 
o!rs4 ,longfell['s ,hiawa?a1 ,evangel9e2
 ,:itti]'s ,b>efoot ,boy1 ,songs (      
,labor1 ,among ! ,hills1 & ,sn[-,b\nd2  
,haw?orne's ,tales ( ! ,:ite ,hills2    
,holmes's ,spr+2 ,l[ell's ,indian ,summ]
 ,rev]ie1 ,! ,oak1 & _m m4  ,! lit]ature
 select$ = ^! grades has a wide scope4  
,x is in/9ct ) ! be/ ,am]icanism4 ,x    
draws f ,europe at e brea?1 :ile enjoy+ 
! fre$om ( ! ,we/4 ,social1 political1 &
 home life & virtue are portray$ 9 great
 v>iety ( dress4 ,nature also & natural 

sci5ce reveal ! myriad =ms ( beauty &   
utility4     ,,*apt] ,,iv               
,,class-,,room ,,me?od ,,9 ,,read+   #a4
 ,! ,doorway4  ,!re is a /rong com=t 9 !
 idea t 9 ! prep>ation ( a ma/]piece = a
 read+ class ! tea*] may be deal+ ) a   
unity ( ?\ght 9 a v>iety ( relations t  
makes ! /udy a compreh5sive             
culture-product bo? to h]self & to !    
*ildr54 ,to become a /ud5t ( ,hiawa?a z 
a :ole1 & 9 its relations to ,indian    
life & tradition1 e>ly aborig9al hi/ory1
 & ,longfell['s connection ) ! same1 is 
to ?r[ a deep glance into hi/ory &      
an?ropology1 & to recognize lit]ature z 
! p]man5t =m ( express+ _! _s4 ,!re are 
a good _m side-lights t a tea*] ne$s to 
get f hi/ory & o!r lit]ature1 & f !     
au?or's life1 9 ord] to see a lit]>y    
ma/]piece 9 its true sett+4 ,x is ! "p (
 ! poet to make 8 "w int5sely real &    
ideal1 ! two elem5ts t appeal ) tr5*ant 
=ce to *ildr54 ,! tea*] ne$s n only to  
see ! graphic pictures drawn by ! arti/1
 b to ga!r ab\t ^! c5tral po9ts ( view  

o!r collat]al1 explanatory facts t give 
a deep] sett+ to ! picture4 ,=tunately1 
su* /udy z ?is is n burd5some4 ,!re is a
 joy\sness & sp>kle to x t c relieve _m 
an h\r ( t$ium4 ,lit]ature 9 its be/ =ms
 is recreation1 & br+s an infusion (    
spiritual en]gy4 ,we %\ld n all[        
ourselves to confuse x ) ^? m humdrum   
=ms ( s*ool employm5t1 l spell+1 figur+1
 read+ 9 ! =mal s5se1 gramm>1 writ+1    
etc4 ,lit]ature is ! spiritual side (   
s*ool ef=t1 ! upl&s ( ?\ght1 :]e gu%+   
spr+s well f ! roots & %ade ( ov]>*+    
trees4 ,!re is jollity & music1 beauty &
 gr&eur1 ! fre%ness ( cool breezes & (  
m\nta9 sc5]y1 9 su* pr(usion z to       
satisfy ! exub]ance ( y\?ful _s1 & to   
infuse new en]gy into old & tir$        
natures4 ,if ! tea*] c only get out ( ! 
n>r[ /reets ( ! t[n & f betwe5 ! dead   
walls ( ! s*oolroom1 up among ! mead[s &
 groves & brooks1 9 company ) ,bryant or
 ,longfell[ or ,:itti]1 if %e c only    
take a draught ( ^! _s-wat]s be=e walk+ 
into ! s*oolroom1 h] ?\ght & conduct w  

be temp]$ into a fit in/rum5t ( culture4
  ,! tea*]'s prep>ation is n only 9 !   
intellectual grasp ( ! ?\ght1 b 9 !     
sympa?y1 feel+1 & pleasure g]mane to a  
classic4 ,! ae/hetic & emotional        
elem5ts1 ! *>m ( poetry1 & ! sp>kle (   
wit & gl9t ( lit]>y elegance & aptness  
are :at give reli% & delight to true    
lit]>y products4 ,lit]ature appeals to !
 :ole nature & n to ! intellect alone4  
,x is n sup]ficial & =mal1 b deep &     
spiritual4 ,! tea*] :o reads a classic l
 ,m>mion1 ?\ghtfully dwell+ ^u ! hi/oric
 pictures1 call+ to m9d o!r ( ,scott's  
/ories & ! e>li] /ruggle betwe5 ,scotl& 
& ,engl&1 is dr9k+ at ! fre% f\nta9s &  
s\rces ( "s ( ! be/ p>ts ( ,european    
hi/ory4 ,! cle> & rock-rimm$ lakes (    
,scotl&1 h] rugg$ m\nta9s & ru9$ ca/le  
walls1 are n m delightful to ! travell] 
?an ! pictures ( life & hi/ory t appe> 9
 ,tales ( a ,gr&fa!r1 ,rob ,roy1        
,m>mion1 & ,lady ( ! ,lake4 ,to pa9t ^! 
/irr+ panoramic views ( ,scot* adv5ture 
& pr[ess ^u ! imag9ation ( ! "y is to   

invigorate _! ?\ght ) ! real s5tim5t (  
patriotism1 & ) appreciation = manly    
/ruggle1 endurance1 & _s4 ,! vivid      
insight x gives into feudal society 9   
*ur* & c\rt & ca/le1 on battle-field & 9
 d9+ hall1 among ! rude peasantry & !   
unlett]$ nobility1 is f\nd m lifelike & 
la/+ ?an ! usual results ( hi/orical    
/udy4  ,! mom5t we take a long]         
ma/]piece & exam9e x z a repres5tative  
piece ( human life1 or z a typical      
portraiture ( a hi/orical epo*1 x       
becomes ! conv]g+ po9t = mu* lively &   
sugge/ive k1 deep & /rong social        
int]e/s1 & conv9c+ p]sonification (     
moral impulses4  ,! be/ prep>ation1     
!re=e1 a tea*] c make = a class is a    
spiritual & spirit$ "o4 ,at fir/ !      
l+ui/ic1 =mal1 v]bal ma/]y ( lit]ature1 
its critical exam9ation1 ev5 its        
elocution1 %\ld rema9 9 ! backgr\nd bo? 
= tea*] & *ildr54 ,let ! direct impress 
( ! ?\ght1 motive1 & emotion ( ! *>act]s
 be unimp$$2 give ! au?or a *ance to    
speak direct to ! he>ts ( ! *ildr51 & ! 

av5ue t[>d ! desir$ results 9 =mal read+
 w be left wide op54  ,we w\ld n d5y t a
 c]ta9 labor is requir$ ( ! tea*] 9 su* 
prep>ation4 ,b1 9 ! ma91 x is a refre%+ 
k9d ( labor4 ,if x br+s a feel+ (       
we>9ess1 x is ! k9d t conduces to s\nd &
 heal?y sleep4 ,x invokes a feel+ (     
inw>d p[] & ( accumulat$ ri* res\rce t  
helps u to meet ) confid5ce ! em]g5cies 
& opportunities ( in/ruction4  #b4 ,9 ! 
assignm5t ( ! lesson ! tea*] has a *ance
 to give ! *ildr5 a glimpse ( ! pleasure
 t awaits !m1 & to cat* a little ( !    
en?usiasm :i* h] own /udy has awak5$4   
,?is %\ld be done briefly & by          
significant sugge/ion4 ,9 fir/ introduc+
 a long] "w1 x w pay to occupy m ?an is 
usual 9 recitations 9 op5+ up ! new     
subject2 if x is hi/orical1 9 locat+ !  
"t1 circum/ances1 & geographical sett+4 
,! *ief aim ( ! assignm5t %\ld be to    
awak5 curiosity & int]e/ :i* may be     
/rong en\gh to lead to a full &         
appreciative /udy ( ! lesson4 ,a second 
aim ( ! assignm5t is to pave ! way to an

 easi] ma/]y ( v]bal difficulties t     
arise1 su* z new & difficult words1     
obscure or involv$ passages4 ,! fir/ aim
 is a sub/antial & fruitful "o4 ,x      
approa*es ! :ole read+ lesson f ! side (
 int]e/ & _s4 ,x seeks to plant direct  
inc5tives & sugge/ions deep en\gh 9 !   
m9d to />t ef=t4 ,! assignm5t %\ld take 
x = grant$ t natural int]e/ & absorption
 9 ! ?\ght w lead directly to t k9d (   
vigor\s ef=t & ma/]y t w secure natural 
& expressive oral read+4 ,look well to !
 deep] spr+s ( ?\ght & action1 & ! =mal 
read+ w op5 j ! av5ue ne$$ to realize   
good expression4  ,skill1 orig9ality1 & 
tea*+ art are mu* ne$$ 9 ! assignm5t4 ,x
 is n h[ mu* ! tea*] says1 b !          
sugge/iv5ess ( x1 ! problems rais$1 !   
que/ions ^: answ]s lie 9 ! exam9ation ( 
! lesson4 ,! ref]5ce to previ\s read+s  
:i* be> resemblance to ?is selection2 ! 
inquiry into *ildr5's exp]i5ces1 sets !m
 to ?9k+4  ,sometimes x pays to sp5d    
five or t5 m9utes 9 attack+ ! difficult 
words & mean+s ( ! lesson assign$4 ,let 

! class read on & discov] words or      
phrases t puzzle !m4 ,let difficult =ms 
be put on ! bo>d & syllabicat$ if       
necess>y4 ,a brief /udy ( synonym\s     
words & phrases may be 9 place4  ,x is a
 mi/ake to decl9e all helpful &         
sugge/ive /udy ( ! next lesson 9 class1 
on ! gr\nd t x invalidates !            
self-activity ( *ildr54 ,self-activity  
is1 inde$1 ! *ief aim ( a good          
assignm5t4 ,x is design$ to /imulate !  
*ildr5 to en]getic & well-direct$ ef=t4 
,self-activity is n enc\rag$ by requir+ 
*ildr5 to /ruggle ) ob/acles !y h n !   
ability to surm\nt4 ,pron\nc+ new words 
& se>*+ = diction>y mean+s is (t5 made a
 me*anical labor :i* is irksome & l>gely
 fruitless1 because ! wrong             
pronunciations are le>n$ & ! def9itions 
d n fit4 ,be=e *ildr5 are requir$ to use
 ! diction>y 9 pron\nc+ & def9+ words1  
!y ne$ c>eful ex]cises 9 h[ to use & to 
int]pret ! diction>y4  ,! tea*] ne$s to 
make a /udy ( ! art ( assign+ lessons4  
,cle>ness & simplicity1 s z to give no  

gr\nd = misund]/&+s1 are ! result (     
?\ghtful prep>ation on ! tea*]'s "p4    
,!re is always dang] ( giv+ too mu* or  
too little1 ( c>elessness & un/eady     
requirem5ts1 ov]burd5+ ! *ildr5 "o day1 
& ev5 =gett+ ! next day to assign a     
def9ite task4 ,! =e?\ght & precision )  
:i* a tea*] assigns h] lessons is "o ( !
 be/ te/s ( h] prud5ce & success 9      
tea*+4  ,x is necess>y also to be on    
"o's gu>d aga9/ ha/y assignm5ts4 ,ev5 :5
 prop] c>e has be5 tak5 9 plann+ ! next 
lesson1 ! "t slips by ) urg5t "w1 & !   
signal = dismissal comes be=e "t has be5
 tak5 = any cle> assignm5t4  ,if ! tea*]
 kn[s j :at ref]5ces w ?r[ add$ light ^u
 ! lesson1 :at books & pages w be       
directly helpful1 if he c appo9t diff]5t
 pupils to look up p>ticul> ref]5ces &  
sometimes ev5 g to ! libr>y ) !m & se>* 
= ! ref]5ces1 9 grades f ! fif? ?r\gh ! 
eigh?1 ! result may be v helpful4 ,9 !  
class recitation x is necess>y to ga!r  
up ! fruits ( ?is ref]5ce "w ) z little 
wa/e ( "t z possible1 recogniz+ t x is  

purely collat]al to ! ma9 purpose4      
,pictures & maps are useful (t5times z  
ref]5ces4 ,z *ildr5 advance 9 ! grades1 
!y are capable ( great] indep5d5ce &    
judgm5t 9 ! use ( su* mat]ials4 ,g5]al1 
loose1 & indef9ite ref]5ces are a sign (
 ignorance1 c>elessness1 & lack (       
prep>ation on ! tea*]'s "p4 ,!y are     
disc\rag+ & unpr(itable to *ildr54 ,b we
 desire to see *ildr5 broad5+ _! views1 
ext5d+ _! k ( books & ( h[ to use !m4 ,!
 am\nt ( good lit]ature t c be well     
treat$ & read 9 ! class is small1 b mu* 
sugge/ive outside home & vacation read+ 
may be enc\rag$1 t w op5 a /ill wid] &  
ri*] area ( p]sonal /udy4  #c4 ,9 spite 
( all ! precautions ( ! tea*]1 9 spite (
 lively int]e/ & intellig5t /udy by !   
*ildr51 !re w be _m halt+s & blund]s1 _m
 inaccuracies 9 ! use ( eye & voice4 ,^!
 faults spr+ p>tly f habit & previ\s    
home influ5ces4 ,! wor/ faults are (t5  
^? ( :i* a *ild is unconsci\s1 s        
habitual h !y become4 ,if we are to meet
 ^! difficulties wisely1 we mu/ />t &   

keep up a /rong mom5tum 9 ! class4 ,!re 
%\ld be a /eady & /rong curr5t ( ef=t 9 
:i* all %>e4 ,?is dep5ds1 z has be5 (t5 
said1 ^u ! p[] ( ! selection to awak5 ! 
?\ght & feel+ ( ! *ildr54 ,x dep5ds     
equally ^u ! p]vasive _s & en]gy ( !    
tea*]4 ,if we try to analyze ?is complex
 ph5om5on1 we may f9d t1 s f> z ! *ildr5
 are conc]n$1 two elem5ts are pres5t1   
natural & spontane\s absorption 9 !     
ideas & s5sibilities awak5$ by ! au?or1 
& ! brac+ conviction t su/a9$ ef=t is   
expect$ & requir$ by ! tea*]4 ,*ildr51  
to read well1 mu/ be free2 !y mu/ feel !
 =ce ( ideas & ( ! emotions &           
convictions awak5$ by !m4 ,!y mu/ also  
be consci\s ( t k9d ( au?ority & control
 :i* insi/s ^u s]i\s & su/a9$ ef=t4     
,fre$om to ex]cise _! own p[]s & ob$i5ce
 to a controll+ influ5ce are ne$ful4 ,if
 ! tea*] c secure ?is "r movem5t & f]m5t
 9 a class1 %e w be able to correct !   
errors & *ange bad habits into ! desir$ 
=m ( expression4 ,! correction ( errors1
 9 ! ma91 %\ld be quiet1 incid5tal1     

sugge/ive1 n di/urb+ ! *ild's ?\ght &   
ef=t1 n de/roy+ ! mom5tum ( 8 s5tim5t & 
feel+4 ,let him move on firmly &        
vigor\sly2 only direct 8 movem5t "h &   
!re1 modify 8 tone by easy sugge/ions & 
p]t95t que/ions1 & enc\rage him z f> z  
possible 9 8 own ef=t to appreciate &   
express ! au?or's idea4  ,9 read+       
lessons !re are c]ta9 purely =mal       
ex]cises t are v helpful4 ,! s+le &     
conc]t pronunciation ( difficult or     
unusual words t come up 9 old & new     
lessons1 ! vocal ex]cises 9             
syllabication & 9 v[el & consonant      
drill1 are examples4 ,!y %\ld be quick &
 vigor\s1 & prelim9>y to _! application 
9 lessons4  #d4 ,! tea*] is only a guide
 & int]pret]4 ,) pl5ty ( res]ve p[]1 he 
%\ld only draw ^u x occasionally4 ,8    
*ief bus9ess is n to %[ ! *ildr5 h[ to  
read by example1 nor to be always       
expla9+ & amplify+ ! ?\ght ( ! au?or4 ,8
 aim %\ld be to be/ call ! m9ds ( !     
*ildr5 into /rong action ?r\gh !        
/imulation ( ! au?or's ?\ght1 & to g a  

/ep f>!r & reproduce & m\ld ?is ?\ght   
into oral expression4  ,9 ord] to call  
out ! be/ ef=ts ( *ildr51 a tea*] ne$s  
to /udy well ! art ( que/ion+4 ,! range 
( possibilities 9 que/ion+ is v wide4   
,if a rational1 s5sible "q is reg>d$ z !
 c5tral or z]o po9t1 !re are _m degrees 
bel[ x 9 ! art ( que/ion+ & _m degrees  
above x4 ,bel[ x is a :ole ho/ (        
half-rational or useless que/ions :i*   
w\ld bett] be left unborn3 ,:at does ?is
 ^w mean8 ,:y didn't y /udy y\r lesson8 
,:y w]5't y pay+ att5tion8 ,:at is !    
def9ition ( also8 ,h[ _m mi/akes did    
,m>y make8  ,mu* "t is sometimes wa/$ 9 
try+ to answ] aimless or trivial        
que/ions3 ,pet]1 :at does ?is /range ^w 
mean1 or h[ d y pron\nce x8 ,e!l may try
 x4 ,:o ?9ks he c pron\nce x bett]8     
,johnny1 try x4 ,p]haps somebody kn[s h[
 x ought to be4 ,s>ah1 c't y pron\nce x8
 ,f9ally1 aft] v>i\s ef=ts1 ! tea*]     
passes on to some?+ else )\t ev5 mak+   
cle> ! true pronunciation or mean+4 ,?is
 is worse ?an kill+ "t4 ,x is befuddl+ !

 *ildr54 ,a "q %\ld aim cle>ly at "s    
important idea1 & %\ld br+ out a def9ite
 result4 ,! *ildr5 %\ld h "t to ?9k1 b n
 to guess & dawdle1 & !n be left grop+ 9
 ! d>k4  ,! *ief aim ( que/ions is to   
ar\se vigor & v>iety ( ?\ght z a means (
 bett] appreciation & expression4       
,*ildr5 read poorly because !y d n see !
 mean+ or d n feel ! =ce ( ! s5tim5t4   
,!y give wrong emphasis & intonation4 ,a
 good "q is l a fla% ( lightn+ :i*      
sudd5ly reveals our /&+-gr\nd &         
surr\nd+s1 & gives ! *ild a *ance to    
/rike out aga9 = himself4 ,8 intellig5ce
 lights up1 he sees ! po9t1 & responds )
 a significant r5d]+ ( ! ?\ght4 ,b !    
tea*] mu/ be a ?9k] to ask simple &     
p]t95t que/ions4 ,he c't g at x 9 a     
loose & lumb]+ fa%ion4 ,lively &        
sympa!tic & appreciative ( ! *ild's     
moods & feel+s mu/ he be1 z well z cle> 
& def9ite 9 8 own p]ception ( ! au?or's 
mean+4  ,que/ion+ = mean+ is equival5t  
to t = secur+ expression1 & ?us two     
birds are hit ) "o /one4 ,a po9t$ "q    

en]gizes ?\ght along a def9ite l9e1 &   
leads to a m int5se & vivid p]ception ( 
! mean+4 ,?is is j ! vantage-gr\nd we   
desire 9 ord] to secure good expression4
 ,we wi% *ildr5 n to imitate1 b fir/ to 
see & feel1 & !n to express 9 becom+    
wise ! ?\ght z !y see x & feel x4 ,?is  
makes read+ a g5u9e p]=mance1 n a       
p>rot-l =malism4  #e4 ,try+ to awak5 !  
m5tal en]gy & action ( a class z !y move
 on ?r\gh a ma/]piece1 requires con/ant 
wat*fulness to keep alive _!            
s5se-p]ceptions & memories1 & to t\* _! 
imag9ations into con/ructive ef=t at e  
turn 9 ! road4 ,?r\gh ! direct action ( 
! s5ses ! *ildr5 h accumulat$ mu* v>iety
 ( s5se-mat]ials1 ( c\ntry & t[n1 (     
hill1 valley1 riv]1 lake1 fields1       
build+s1 indu/ries1 roads1 homes1 g>d5s1
 seasons4 ,out ( ?is va/ & v>i$ qu>ry !y
 are able to ga!r mat]ials ) :i* to     
con/ruct any l&scape or situation y may 
desire4 ,give ! *ildr5 abundance (      
opportunity to use ^! collect$ ri*es1 & 
to con/ruct1 ea* 9 8 own way1 ! sc5es & 

pictures t ! poet's art s vividly       
sugge/s4 ,_m ( ! que/ions we ask (      
*ildr5 are design$ simply to recall &   
reawak5 images :i* lie dormant 9 _!     
m9ds1 or1 on ! o!r h&1 to f9d out :e!r  
!y c comb9e _! old s5se-p]ceptions s    
skilfully & vividly z to realize !      
pres5t situation4 ,ke5 & apt que/ions w 
rea* d[n into ! dep? ( a *ild's life    
exp]i5ces & br+ up concrete images :i* !
 fancy !n modifies & adju/s to ! pres5t 
ne$4 ,! tea*] may (t5 sugge/ some?+ 9 8 
own obs]vations to k9dle l memories 9   
!irs4 ,or1 if ! subject seems unfamili>1
 he may br+ on a picture f book or      
magaz9e4 ,sometimes a sket* or diagram  
on ! bo>d may give s5se-precision &     
def9it5ess to ! object discuss$1 ev5    
?\gh x be rudely drawn4 ,?is con/ant    
appeal to :at is real & tangible &      
exp]im5tal1 n only locates ?+s def9itely
 9 "t & space1 makes cle> & pla9 :at 0  
hazy or mean+less1 awak5s int]e/ by     
connect+ ! /ory or description ) =m]    
exp]i5ces1 b x sets 9 action ! creative 

imag9ation :i* %apes & builds up new &  
pleas+ /ructures1 comb9+ old & new4 ,?is
 k9d ( m5tal elaboration1 :i* rea*es    
back into ! s5ses & =w>d into !         
imag9ation1 is :at gives mobility &     
adju/ability to our m5tal res\rces4 ,x  
is n /iff & rigid & refractory k t we   
ne$4 ,ideas may reta9 _! tru? & /r5g?1  
_! inw>d quality1 & /ill submit to      
inf9ite v>iations & adju/m5ts4 ,wat] is 
"o ( ! mo/ s]viceable ( all nature's    
comp\nds1 because x has su* mobility (  
=m1 su* capacity to dissolve & take into
 solution o!r sub/ances1 or ( be+       
absorb$ & ev5 lo/ sight ( 9 o!r bodies4 
,! ideas we h ga!r$ & /or$ up f all     
s\rces are our build+ mat]ials2 !       
imag9ation is ! ar*itect :o conceives ! 
plan & directs ! use ( diff]5t mat]ials 
9 ! gr[? ( ! new /ructures4 ,! tea*]'s  
*ief function 9 read+ classes is1 on !  
"o h&1 to see t *ildr5 revive & utilize 
_! s5se-k1 & on ! o!r1 to wake ! sleep+ 
giant & set him to "w to build !        
beaute\s /ructures = :i* ! mat]ials h   

be5 prep>$4 ,b = ?is1 tea*]s c\ld be    
disp5s$ )4 ,z ,socrates said1 !y are    
only help]s2 !y /& by1 n to p]=m ! "w1 b
 to g5tly guide1 to /imulate1 & n[ & !n 
to l5d a help+ h& ov] a bad place4      
,explanations1 !re=e1 on ! tea*]'s "p1  
%\ld be cle> & brief1 purely tribut>y to
 ! ma9 ef=t4 ,9 y\ng] classes1 :5 !     
*ildr5 h1 z yet1 little ability to use  
ref]5ces1 ! tea*] may add mu*1          
especially if x be concrete1 graphic1   
picturesque1 & be>+ directly ^u !       
subject4 ,b z *ildr5 gr[ m self-reliant 
!y c look up facts & ref]5ces1 & br+ m  
mat]ial !mselves to ! elucidation ( !   
lesson4 ,b ev5 9 adult classes ! ri*    
exp]i5ce ( a tra9$ & wise tea*]1 ^:     
illu/rations are apt & graphic &        
criticisms incisive1 is an int5se       
pleasure & /imulus to /ud5ts4  #f4 ,!   
major "p ( "t & ef=t 9 read+ classes    
%\ld be giv5 to ! read+ prop]1 & n to   
oral discussions1 explanations1 &       
collat]al in=mation & ref]5ces4 ,x is   
possible to h int]e/+ discussions & mu* 

use ( ref]5ce books1 & /ill make small  
progress 9 expressive read+4 ,! ma9 ?+  
%\ld n be lo/ sight (4 ,we %\ld le>n to 
m>* /eadily =w>d ?r\gh lively & en]getic
 ?\ght t[>d expressive read+4 ,!re is no
 o!r "r approa* to good read+ except    
?r\gh a lively grasp ( ! ?\ght1 s5tim5t1
 & /yle ( ! au?or4 ,b ! side-lights t   
come f collat]al read+ & ref]5ce are (  
great significance4 ,!y are some?+ l !  
sc5]y on ! /age4 ,!y make ! effect m    
int5se & real4 ,!y supply a backgr\nd ( 
environm5t & association :i* give !     
ideas m local significance & a /rong]   
basis 9 ! :ole complex ( ideas4  ,!     
read+ or oral r5d]+ is ! f9al te/ (     
und]/&+ & appreciation ( ! lesson4 ,!   
recitation %\ld focus 9 ?is appli$ art4 
,all que/ion+ & discussion t d n        
ev5tuate 9 expressive read+ fall %ort ( 
_! prop] result4 ,read+ is a s*ool      
ex]cise 9 :i* ! pr9ciples discuss$ c be 
imm$iately appli$1 & ?is is sc>cely true
 9 /udies l hi/ory1 sci5ce1 & ma!matics4
 ,!re are _m h9drances 9 ! way ( ?is    

fruitful result2 ! tea*] is tempt$ to   
talk & expla9 too mu*1 int]e/+ que/ions 
& controv]sies spr+ up1 trivial matt]s  
receive too mu* consid]ation1 mu* "t is 
sp5t 9 ! oral reproduction ( ! ?\ght2   
(t5 ! "t slips by ) a m9imum ( effective
 read+4  ,! que/ions1 discussions1      
collat]al ref]5ces1 & explanations %\ld 
be br\ght into imm$iate connection ) !  
*ildr5's read+1 s t ! special ?\ght may 
produce its effect ^u expression4 ,?is  
te/ ( effectiv5ess is a good "o to apply
 to explanations1 def9itions1 &         
que/ions4 ,unless !y produce a pron\nc$ 
effect ^u ! read+1 !y are l>gely        
sup]flu\s4 ,9 view ( ?is ! tea*] w le>n 
to be sp>+ ( words1 laconic & def9ite 9 
/atem5t1 po9t$ & cle> 9 que/ion+1 &     
en]getic 9 pu%+ =w>d4 ,:ile int]e/ 9 !  
?\ght-cont5t is ! impell+ motive 9 good 
read+ ex]cises1 lively & natural        
expression is likewise ! prop] fruit &  
outcome ( su* a motive c>ri$ to its     
prop] end4  #g4 ,9 ord] to keep up ! "r 
int]e/ & movem5t1 x is necess>y to give 

consid]able v>iety to ! "w4 ,a tea*]'s  
good s5se & tact %\ld be l a !rmomet]   
:i* regi/]s ! m5tal temp]ature ( !      
class4 ,if kept too long at a s+le l9e (
 ef=t1 its monotony induces c>elessness 
& inatt5tion2 :ile a total *ange to "s  
o!r ord] ( ex]cise w\ld awake _! int]e/ 
& zeal4 ,v>iety is ne$$ also )9 !       
compass ( a s+le recitation1 because !re
 are sev]al prelim9>ies & v>ieties (    
prep>atory drill :i* conduce to good    
r5d]+ ( any selection4 ,su* are vocal   
ex]cises 9 consonants & v[els2          
pronunciation & syllabication ( new or  
difficult words2 physical ex]cises to   
put ! body & n]v\s sy/em into prop]     
tone2 ! assignm5t ( ! next lesson1      
requir+ a peculi> ef=t & mann] (        
treatm5t2 ! report & discussion (       
ref]5ces2 conc]t drills2 ! /udy (       
mean+s--synonyms & d]ivations2          
illu/rations & in=mation by ! tea*]2    
introduction ( o!r illu/rative matt]1 z 
pictures1 draw+s1 maps1 & diagrams4     
,v>iety c be giv5 to ea* lesson 9 _m    

ways accord+ to ! +5uity ( ! tea*]4 ,if 
we are read+ a numb] ( %ort selections1 
!y !mselves furni% diff]5t v>ieties &   
types ( prose & v]se4 ,! dramati/ or    
noveli/ provides = su* v>iety by        
introduc+ a s]ies ( div]se sc5es1 all   
lead+ =w>d to a common end4  #h4        
,p>allel to ! requirem5t ( v>iety is !  
equally important dem& t *ildr5 %\ld    
le>n to d "o ?+ at a "t & le>n to d x   
well4 ,?is may appe> contradictory to ! 
=m] requirem5t1 b ! skill & tact ( !    
tea*] is :at %\ld solve ?is seem+       
contradiction4 ,x is a fact t we try to 
d too _m ?+s 9 ea* read+ lesson4 ,we    
fail to p\nd on "o nail long en\gh to   
drive x 94 ,read+ lessons (t5 resemble a
 *ild p\nd+ nails into a bo>d4 ,he      
/rikes "o nail a bl[ or two1 !n ano!r1 &
 s on until a doz5 or m are 9 all /ages 
( incomplet5ess4 ,we too (t5 all[ !     
recitation h\r to end ) a numb] ( su*   
incomplete ef=ts4 ,good read+ is n l    
mov+ a h\se1 :5 x is all c>ri$ along 9  
"o piece4 ,we rea* bett] results if we  

conc5trate att5tion & ef=t dur+ a       
recitation along ! l9e ( a n>r[ aim4 ,at
 lea/ ?is seems true ( ! m =mal1        
me*anical side ( read+4 ,x is bett] to  
try to break up bad habits1 "o at a "t1 
r ?an to make a g5]al1 indef9ite        
onslaught ^u all toge!r4 ,suppose1 =    
example1 t ! tea*] sugge/s z an aim ( ! 
lesson conv]sational read+1 or t :i*    
s\nds l pupils talk+ to ea* o!r4 ,_m    
dialogue selections admit ( su* an aim z
 ?is4 ,if ?is aim is set up at ! beg9n+ 
( ! lesson1 ! *ildr5's m9ds w be r5d]$  
acute 9 ?is direction2 !y w be on ! al]t
 = ?is k9d ( game4 ,ea* *ild :o reads is
 scrut9iz$ by tea*] & pupils to see h[  
ne> he comes to ! ideal4 ,a consci\s    
ef=t beg9s to dom9ate ! class to rea*   
?is specific goal4 ,*ildr5 may close _! 
eyes & li/5 to see if ! read+ has ! "r  
s\nd4 ,a girl or boy goes into an adjo9+
 entry or dress+ room & li/5s to see if 
^? 9 ! class are read+ or talk+4 ,!     
en?usiasm & class _s awak5$ are v       
helpful4 ,n t a :ole recitation %\ld be 

giv5 up to t sort ( ?+1 b x is !        
*>act]i/ic ef=t ( ! lesson4 ,:5 ! *ildr5
 practise ! next lesson at home !y w h  
?is po9t 9 m9d4  ,= sev]al days ?is sort
 ( specific1 def9ite aim at a n>r[      
result may be foll[$ up 9 ! class till !
 *ildr5 beg9 to acquire p[] 9 ?is       
direction4 ,:at 01 at fir/1 pa9fully    
consci\s ef=t beg9s to assume ! =m (    
habit1 & :5 ?is result is a*iev$1 we may
 drop ?is aim z a lead+ "o 9 !          
recitation1 & turn our att5tion to "s   
diff]5t l9e ( ef=t4 ,di/9ct             
pronunciation ( s\nds is "o ( ! ?+s t we
 are always aim+ at1 9 a g5]al way1 &   
nev] gett+4 ,:y n set ?is up 9 a s]ies (
 recitations z a def9ite aim1 & resort  
to a s]ies ( devices to lay b>e ! k9d ( 
faults ! *ildr5 are habitually guilty (8
 ,give !m a *ance to correct ^! faults1 
& awake ! class _s 9 ?is direction4 ,x w
 n be difficult to conv9ce !m t !y are n
 pron\nc+ _! f9al consonants1 l d1 t1 l1
 m1 r1 & k4 ,keep ! att5tion = a lesson 
to ?is k9d ( error till !re is          

recognizable improvem5t4 ,!n notice !   
%ort v[el s\nds 9 ! unacc5t$ syllables1 
& give !m se>*-light att5tion4 ,notice  
lat] ! syllables t *ildr5 commonly slur 
ov]4 ,m>k ^! fugitives1 & see if !y     
cont9ue s invisible & inaudible4 ,!y are
 l ,jack ! ,giant ,kill]1 :5 he put on 8
 cloak ( invisibility1 or l ,p]seus "u  
simil> circum/ances4 ,see if we c f9d ^!
 fell[s :o seem to masqu]ade & dodge    
ab\t beh9d _! companions4 ,!n "s ( !    
long v[els & diph?ongs w require        
inve/igation4 ,!y are n all s op5-fac$ &
 above bo>d z !y might be4 ,:5 *ildr5 h 
su* a simple & di/9ct aim 9 view1 !y are
 ready to "w ) a vim & to ex]t !mselves 
9 a consci\s ef=t at improvem5t4 ,keep  
?is aim =emo/ 9 ! recitation1 al?\gh o!r
 requirem5ts ( good read+ are n :olly   
neglect$4  ,aft] a def9ite l9e ( ef=t   
has be5 /rongly develop$ z "o ( ! above 
describ$1 x is possible !reaft] to keep 
x 9 m9d ) slight att5tion4 ,b if no     
special drill has ev] be5 devot$ to x = 
a giv5 l5g? ( "t1 x has n be5 br\ght s  

di/9ctly to m9d z to produce a la/+     
impression & to lay ! basis = habit4    
,besides ! two aims1 cle> articulation &
 conv]sational tones1 !re are o!rs t may
 be labor$ at simil>ly4 ,appreciation ( 
! ?\ght z express$ by ! read+ is a ri*  
field = critical /udy ( a piece1 & z a  
basis = obs]v+ & judg+ ! *ildr5's read+4
 ,?is idea is well impli$ by su*        
que/ions z foll[3 ,is t :at ! passage   
means8 ,h y giv5 expression to ! au?or's
 mean+ by emphasis on ?is ^w8 ,does y\r 
r5d]+ ( ?is passage make good s5se8     
,comp>e x ) :at prec$es4 ,h[ did ! man  
feel :5 he said ?is8 ,:at d we "k ( 8 "*
 t w\ld lead u to expect su* words f    
him8 ,?is l9e ( que/ions has a wide &   
v>i$ range4 ,! *ief ?+ is to scrut9ize !
 ?\ght 9 all ! light atta9able1 & appeal
 to ! *ild's own judgm5t z to !         
suitabl5ess ( ! tone & emphasis to !    
?\ght4 ,does x s\nd "r8 ,is t :at !     
passage means8  ,ea* *>act]i/ic =m (    
prose or v]se has a peculi> /yle & =ce (
 expression t calls = a correspond+ oral

 r5d]+4 ,!re is ! s]i\s & massive1 ?\gh 
simple1 diction ( ,web/]'s spee*es1 )   
its smoo? & r\nd$ p]iods1 call+ = sl[ & 
/eady & en]getic read+4 ,we %\ld notice 
?is *>act]i/ic ( an au?or1 & gr[ into   
sympa?y ) 8 feel+1 language1 & m5tal    
movem5t4 ,9 ,macaulay's ,lays ( ,anci5t 
,rome1 ! r+ ( m>tial music is 9 ! words1
 & x swells out into rapid & r\s+ spee* 
:i* %\ld correspond to ! ?\ght4 ,9      
,evangel9e ! fl[ ( language is placid & 
g5tle & rhy?mical1 & 9 consonance ) !   
g5tle fai? & hope ( ,evangel9e4 ,e true 
lit]>y product has its own "*1 :i* !    
g5ius ( ! au?or has impress$ ^u its     
language & m\ld$ into its /ructure1 &   
:i* calls = a r5d]+ fit & appropriate4  
,be=e complet+ a selection1 we %\ld     
detect ?is ess5ce & quality & br+ our   
read+ to reveal x4 ,! places %\ld be    
po9t$ out :]e x comes into prom95ce4    
,:5 complet+ su* a "w ( art !re %\ld be 
giv5 opportunity to br+ all ! v>i$      
elem5ts & special aims discov]$ & work$ 
out dur+ its read+ to a focus4  ,9 !    

f9al review & r]ead+ ( a complete poem  
or prose selection ! po9ts ( excell5ce 9
 read+ :i* h be5 ! special aims ( ef=t 9
 ! /udies ( ! piece %\ld be kept %>ply 9
 m9d & pu%$ to a full expression4 ,!    
realization ( ^! v>i\s aims may be set  
be=e ! class z ! di/9ct object ( _!     
clos+ "w on a ma/]piece4 ,! failure to  
hold vigor\sly to ?is f9al a*ievem5t is 
a cle> sign ( intellectual & moral      
lassitude4 ,read+1 z notic$ be=e1 is "o 
( ! few /udies 9 :i* ! f9al application 
( !ory to practice c be effect$1 &      
*ildr5 may realize t ?+s are le>n$ = !  
sake ( us+ !m1 & n simply aga9/ "s      
future cont+5cy4 ,?is implies1 h[ev]1   
mu* res\rce & skill on ! tea*]'s "p 9   
awak5+ ! *ildr54 ,! impulses & aims :i* 
ar\se ! *ildr5 to /r5u\s ef=t %\ld spr+ 
f )91 & %\ld be expressions ( _! own    
self-activity & volition4 ,!re is mu*   
ne$ ( ! en?usiasm & w-en]gy t ov]come   
drudg]y4 ,*ildr5 %\ld be taught to be   
dissatisfi$ ) any?+ less ?an real       
accompli%m5t4  ,! *ildr5 w naturally    

memorize c]ta9 passages :i* /rike _!    
fancy4 ,o!r passages h be5 sugge/$ by ! 
tea*] = diff]5t pupils to memorize4 ,9  
"o ( ! clos+ lessons let ! *ildr5 recite
 ^! p>ts be=e ! class4 ,if ! tea*] has  
succe$$ 9 call+ out ! live int]e/ ( !   
class dur+ ! previ\s /udy1 su* a lesson 
w be a joy to bo? pupils & tea*]4 ,"o or
 two ( ! *ildr5 may also volunte] or be 
appo9t$ to make an oral /atem5t ( !     
argum5t1 :i* w give fre$om to natural & 
effective spee*4 ,su* a r\nd-up ( !     
read+ lessons at ! end ( a s]ies (      
int]e/+ /udies is a ri* exp]i5ce to !   
:ole class4  ,besides ! important       
special aims ?us f> sugge/$1 :i* %\ld   
ea* /& out cle> = a s]ies ( lessons     
until its value is realiz$ & work$ ov]  
into habit1 !re are o!r subord9ate aims 
t des]ve p>ticul> & individual          
consid]ation1 & may n[ & !n become !    
dom9ant purpose ( a lesson4 ,su* are !  
correction ( s+song read+1 ! use ( !    
diction>y1 ! /udy ( synonyms & anti!ses1
 ! comp>isons & figures ( spee*1        

ex]cises 9 sight read+ ( unfamili>      
selections1 quotations f selections &   
ma/]pieces already read1 /udy ( ! lives 
& works ( au?ors4  ,read+ is a _m-sid$  
/udy1 & to approa* its difficulties )   
success we mu/ take !m up "o at a "t1   
conqu]+ !m 9 detail4 ,good h\sekeep]s & 
cooks are accu/om$ to lay out a s]ies ( 
d9n]s 9 :i* ! *ief article ( diet is    
v>i$ f day to day z foll[s3 *ick5 pie ) 
oy/]s1 veal potpie1 /ew$ fi%1 broil$    
beef/eak1 v5ison roa/1 bean s\p ) ham1  
roa/ mutton1 bak$ fi%1 broil$ quail1    
roa/ beef1 bak$ *ick5 ) p>snips1 etc4   
,su* a s]ies ( d9n]s gives a heal?y     
v>iety & reli%4 ,x is bett] = mo/ p ?an 
! bill ( f>e at a l>ge hotel1 :]e !re is
 s mu* v>iety & sam5ess ea* day4 ,:5 we 
try ea* day to d ev]y?+ 9 a read+       
lesson1 we grasp m ?an our h&s c hold1 &
 mo/ ( x falls to ! gr\nd4 ,*ildr5 are  
pleas$ & enc\rag$ by actual progress 9  
surm\nt+ difficulties :5 !y are pres5t$ 
"o at a "t1 & opportunity is giv5 =     
complete ma/]y4 ,! *ildr5 %\ld labor    

consci\sly & vigor\sly at "o l9e ( ef=t1
 be x di/9ctness or rhy?m or emphasis or
 conv]sational tone1 till decid$        
improvem5t & progress are atta9$1 & !   
ease ( "r habit beg9s to %[ itself4 ,!n 
we c turn to "s new field1 secur+ &     
hold+ ! vantage-gr\nd ( our =ego+ ef=t  
by occasional rem9d]s4  #i4 ,"o ( ! be/ 
te/s appli$ to a read+ class is _!      
degree ( class att5tion4 ,! /ead9ess &  
responsiv5ess ) :i* ! :ole class foll[ !
 "w is a fair measure ( successful      
tea*+4 ,to h b "o *ild read at a "t :ile
 ! o!rs wait _! turn or scatt] _!       
?\ghts1 is v bad4 ,x is a good sign ( a 
tea*]'s skill & effici5cy to see e *ild 
9 en]getic pursuit ( ! read+4 ,x        
conduces to ! be/ progress 9 t /udy & is
 ! g5esis ( "r m5tal habit4  ,att5tion  
is a s9e qua non to good tea*+1 & yet x 
is a result r ?an a cause4 ,x is a ripe 
fruit r ?an ! spr+ promise ( x4 ,!      
provisions :i* lead up to /eady att5tion
 are des]v+ ( a tea*]'s /udy & pati5t   
scrut9y4 ,%e may comm& att5tion = a     

mom5t by %e] =ce ( w & p]sonality1 b x  
mu/ h some?+ to fe$ ^u ! next mom5t & ! 
next1 or x w be w&]+ 9 di/ant fields4 ,s
 great & indisp5sable is ! value (      
att5tion1 t "s tea*]s try to secure x at
 too heavy a co/4 ,!y comm&1 ?reat51    
puni%4 ,!y resort to sev]ity & cruelty4 
,b ! m =midable ! tea*] becomes1 ! m    
difficult = a *ild to d 8 duty4 ,"h1    
aga91 we c be/ af=d to g back to !      
s\rces f :i* att5tion naturally spr+s1  
int]e/+ subject ( ?\ght1 vivid &        
concrete p]ceptions1 lively & sugge/ive 
appeal to ! imag9ation1 ! sph]e ( noble 
?\ght & emotion1 v>iety & movem5t 9     
m5tal ef=t1 a mutual sympa?y & h>mony   
betwe5 tea*] & pupil4  ,x is inde$ well 
= ! tea*] to gauge 8 "w by ! k9d &      
int5sity ( att5tion he c secure4 ,if !  
class has dropp$ into slo?ful & habitual
 c>elessness & inatt5tion1 he w h to    
give !m a few sev]e jolts2 he mu/ drop  
que/ions :]e !y are lea/ expect$4 ,he   
mu/ be v al]t to detect a li/less *ild &
 wake him into action4 ,! vigor1 p]sonal

 w1 & ke5 wat*fulness ( ! tea*] mu/ be a
 con/ant res\rce4 ,on ! o!r h&1 let him 
look well to ! ?\ght1 ! feel+1 &        
capacity ( ! *ildr51 & give !m matt] :i*
 is equal to _! m]its4  ,x is n unusual 
to f9d ! tea*]'s eye foll[+ ! text      
closely in/ead ( wat*+ ! class4 ,b !    
tea*]'s eye %\ld be mov+ al]tly among ! 
*ildr54 ,9 case he has /udi$ ! lesson   
c>efully1 ! tea*] c detect almo/ e      
mi/ake )\t ! book4 ,9 fact1 ev5 if "o   
has n rec5tly read a selection1 he c    
usually detect a v]bal error by ! break 
or incoh]5cy ( ! ?\ght4 ,moreov]1 !     
tea*] c bett] judge ! expressiv5ess ( ! 
read+ by li/5+ to x ?an by foll[+ ! text
 ) 8 eye4 ,dep5d+ :olly ^u ! e>1 any    
defect ( utt]ance or ineptness (        
expression is quickly detect$4 ,ev5 !   
*ildr5 at times %\ld be ask$ to close _!
 books & to li/5 closely to ! read+4    
,?is emphasizes ! notion t good read+ is
 ! oral expression ( ?\ght1 s t ^? :o   
li/5 c und]/& & enjoy x4  ,! treadmill  
/yle ( read+1 :i* repeats & repeats1 do+

 ! same ?+s day by day1 go+ ?r\gh ! l   
r\nd ( me*anical motions1 %\ld give way 
to a rational1 spirit$1 v>iegat$ me?od  
:i* ar\ses int]e/ & v>iety ( ?\ght1 &   
moves ev] t[>d a consci\s goal4  #aj4 ,9
 /udy+ ! ma/]pieces ( great writ]s1 a "q
 arises h[ to treat ! moral situations  
involv$ 9 ! /ories4 ,9 _! revolt aga9/  
excessive moraliz+ ) *ildr51 "s critics 
object to any direct tea*+ ( moral ideas
 9 connection ) lit]ature1 be+ oppos$ to
 explicit discussions ( moral notions4  
,all w admit t lit]ature1 deal+ z x does
 ) human life1 is sur*>g$ ) practical   
morality1 ) social conduct4 ,x is also !
 motive ( great writ]s1 :ile deal+      
hone/ly ) human nature1 to idealize &   
beautify _! repres5tations ( m54 ,nor is
 x _! purpose to make unwor?y *>act]s   
pleas+ & attractive models4  ,x is      
expect$1 ( c\rse1 t *ildr5 w get cle>   
notions & op9ions ( su* p]sons z ,miles 
,/&i% & ,john ,ald51 ( ,:itti]'s fa!r & 
"m & o!rs 9 ! fireside circle (         
,sn[-,b\nd1 ( ,antonio & ,%ylock 9 !    

,m]*ant ( ,v5ice1 ( ,c9d]ella & h] si/]s
 9 ! /ory1 ( ,wallace & ,bruce 9        
,scott's ,tales1 ( ,gluck & 8 bro!rs 9  
,rusk9's /ory1 ( ,scrooge 9 ! ,*ri/mas  
,c>ol1 ( ,evangel9e1 ,eno* ,ard51 etc4  
,b boys & girls are n infallible judges 
( "*4 ,!y are apt to =m errone\s or     
"o-sid$ judgm5ts f lack ( insight into !
 au?or's mean+1 or f c>elessness4 ,!re  
is ! same possibility ( error 9 =m+     
moral judgm5ts z 9 =m+ judgm5ts 9 o!r   
phases ( an au?or's ?\ght4  ,x is !     
prov9ce ( ! tea*] to /imulate ! *ildr5  
to ?9k1 &1 by 8 sup]ior exp]i5ce &      
judgm5t1 to guide !m into correct ?9k+4 
,x is n ! function ( ! tea*] to impose 8
 ready-made judgm5ts ^u *ildr51 ei!r 9  
morals or 9 any?+ else4 ,b x is 8       
conc]n1 by que/ions1 sugge/ions1 &      
criticisms1 to aid 9 cl>ify+ ! ?\ght1 to
 put ! *ildr5 ^u ! "r track4 ,!re is no 
reason :y a tea*] %\ld abdicate 8 place 
( in/ructor because he *ances to come   
be=e moral problems4 ,lit]ature is full 
( moral situations1 moral problems1 &   

moral evolutions 9 "*1 & ev5 ( moral    
ideals4 ,is ! tea*] to /& dumb be=e ^!  
?+s z if he _h lo/ 8 wits8 ,or is he to 
consid] x ! greate/ opportunity ( 8 life
 to prud5tly guide "y p to ! correct    
p]ception ( :at is beautiful & true 9   
human life8 ,:y1 inde$1 %\ld he suppress
 8 own en?usiasm = ^! ideals8 ,:y %\ld n
 8 p]sonality be free to express itself 
9 matt]s ( moral conc]n1 z well z 9     
intellectual & ae/hetic judgm5ts8 ,s    
long z ! tea*] ?r[s ! pupils back ^u _! 
own self-activity & ?9k+ p[]1 !re ne$ be
 no dang] ( moral p$antry or ( moral    
dyspepsia4  ,x seems to me1 !re=e1 t !  
tea*] %\ld use fre$om & boldness 9      
discuss+ ) ! *ildr5 c&idly & ?\ghtfully 
! *>act]s pres5t$ 9 good lit]ature4 ,let
 ! situations be made cle> s t correct  
judgm5ts ( s+le acts c be =m$4 ,let !   
weaknesses & virtues ( ! p]sons be not$4
 ,let motives be /udi$ & *>act]i/ic     
t5d5cies trac$ out4 ,9 ?is way *ildr5   
may gradually increase _! insight &     
enl>ge ! range ( _! k ( social life4 ,if

 ^! ?+s are n legitimate1 :y %\ld su*   
mat]ials be pres5t$ to *ildr5 at all8   
,we ne$ n make premature morali/s (     
*ildr51 or tea* !m to pass easy or      
flippant moral judgm5ts ^u o!rs4 ,b we  
wi% _! int]e/ 9 ^! *>act]s to be deep & 
g5u9e1 _! eyes wide op5 to ! tru?s (    
life1 & _! intuitive moral judgm5ts to  
rip5 9 a heal?y & he>ty social          
environm5t4 ,to ?is end ! tea*] w ne$ to
 use all 8 skill 9 que/ion+1 9          
sugge/ion1 9 frank & c&id discussion4 ,9
 %ort1 he ne$s j ^? qualities :i* a     
fir/-class tea*] ne$s 9 any field (     
/udy4  ,we h gott5 out ( ! mode ( tack+ 
a moral to a /ory4 ,o/5sibly moral      
/ories1 ov]weight$ ) a moral purpose1 d 
n please u4 ,we wi% noveli/s & dramati/s
 to give u ! tru? ( life1 & leave u to  
pass judgm5t ^u ! *>act]s4 ,our be/     
lit]ature pres5ts great v>iety ( sc5es &
 *>act]izations 9 _! natural sett+ 9    
life4 ,!y specially cultivate moral     
judgm5t & insight4 ,"o ( ! ultimate     
/&>ds :i* we apply to all novels &      

dramas is t ( _! fundam5tal moral tru?4 
,s*legel1 9 8 ,dramatic ,art &          
,lit]ature1 9 8 criticisms ( great      
writ]s1 discusses aga9 & aga9 ! moral   
import ( ! *>act]s1 & ev5 ! moral       
purpose ( ,%akespe>e & ! dramati/s4 ,9  
fact1 ^! moral consid]ations lie deep & 
fundam5tal 9 judg+ ! great works (      
lit]>y art4 ,! ma/]pieces we use 9 !    
s*ools be> ! same relation to ! *ildr5 t
 ! m difficult works be> to adults4  ,! 
cle> discussion ( ! moral elem5t 9      
lit]ature seems1 !re=e1 natural &       
legitimate1 :ile its neglect &          
obscuration w\ld be a fatal defect4     
#aa4 ,!re are two k9ds ( read+ :i* %\ld 
be cultivat$ 9 read+ lessons1 al?\gh !y 
seem to fall a little ap>t f ! ma9      
highway ( ef=t4 ,!y are1 fir/1 sight    
read+ ( supplem5t>y matt] = ! purpose ( 
cultivat+ a quick & accurate grasp ( new
 ?\ght & =ms4 ,:5 we leave s*ool1 "o ( !
 values ( read+ w be ! p[] x gives to   
int]pret quickly & grasp firmly ! ideas 
z !y pres5t !mselves 9 ! magaz9es1      

pap]s1 & books we read4 ,good ef=ts 9   
s*ool read+ w lead =w>d gradually to t  
read9ess ( ?\ght & flu5cy ( p]ception   
:i* w give fre$om & ma/]y ( new read+   
matt]4 ,to develop ?is ability & to     
regulate x into habit1 we mu/ give      
*ildr5 a *ance to read q a little at    
sight4 ,we ne$ supplem5t>y read]s 9 sets
 :i* c be put into ! h&s ( *ildr5 = ?is 
purpose4 ,! same books w answ] = sev]al 
classes1 & may be pass$ f room to room (
 simil> grade4  ,! read+ matt] we select
 = ?is purpose may be classic1 & ( ! be/
 quality1 j z well z to be limit$ to    
in=mation & geographical read]s :i* are 
mu* inf]ior4 ,!re are fir/-class books (
 lit]>y m]it1 :i* are entirely          
s]viceable = ?is purpose & mu* ri*] 9   
culture4 ,!y cont9ue ! l9e ( /udy 9     
classic lit]ature1 & give gr\nd =       
sugge/ive comp>isons & reviews :i* %\ld 
n be neglect$4 ,!re is a /rong t5d5cy 9 
our "t to put inf]ior read+ matt]1 9 !  
=m ( in=mation read]s1 sci5ce prim]s1   
%ort hi/ory /ories1 geographical read]s1

 newspap]s1 & specially prep>$ topics on
 curr5t ev5ts1 into read+ classes4 ,^!  
?+s may d well en\gh 9 _! prop] place 9 
geography1 hi/ory1 natural sci5ce1 or   
g5]al lessons1 b !y %\ld appe> sc>cely  
at all 9 read+ lessons4 ,pres]ve ! read+
 h\r = t :i* is *oice/ 9 our prose &    
v]se1 ma9ly 9 ! =m ( %ort] or long]     
ma/]pieces ( lit]ature4  ,secondly1 _m  
books %\ld be br\ght to ! att5tion ( !  
*ildr5 :i* !y may read outside ( s*ool4 
,! regul> read+ ex]cises %\ld give !    
*ildr5 a lively & attractive            
introduction to "s ( ! be/ au?ors1 & a  
ta/e = ! /r5g? & beauty ( _!            
productions4 ,b ! field ( lit]ature is s
 wide & v>i$ t _m ?+s c only be sugge/$1
 :i* w rema9 = ! future leisure & *oice 
( read]s4 ,*ildr5 might1 h[ev]1 be made 
acqua9t$ ) "s ( ! be/ books suit$ to _! 
age = :i* !re is n s*ool "t4 ,_m ( ! be/
 books1 l ,ivanhoe1 ,qu5t9 ,durw>d1     
,capta9s ,c\rage\s1 ,swiss ,family      
,rob9son1 & ,ni*olas ,nickleby1 _c be   
read 9 s*ool4 ,!y %\ld be 9 ! s*ool     

libr>y1 & ! tea*] %\ld (t5 ref] to !m & 
to o!rs sugge/$ by ! regul> read+1 :i*  
give deep] & wid] views into life4  #ab4
 ,9 ! use ( ! symbols & language =ms (  
read+1 ! *ildr5 %\ld be l$ on to fre$om 
& self-activity4 ,h[ to get ! ma/]y ( ^!
 =ms 9 ! e>ly read+ "w is discuss$ 9 !  
,special ,me?od 9 ,prim>y ,read+ &      
,/ory4  ,9 ! f\r? & fif? ye>s ( s*ool1  
*ildr5 %\ld le>n to use ! diction>y4 ,x 
is a great means ( self-help :5 !y h    
le>n$ to int]pret ! diction>y easily4 ,b
 special lessons are necess>y to tea*   
*ildr53 fir/1 h[ to f9d words 9 !       
diction>y2 second1 h[ to int]pret !     
diacritical m>k+s s z to get a correct  
pronunciation2 & ?ird1 h[ to discrim9ate
 among def9itions4 ,adults & ev5 tea*]s 
are (t5 defici5t 9 ^! p>ticul>s1 &      
*ildr5 w n =m habits ( us+ ! diction>y )
 quick & easy confid5ce )\t cont9u\s1   
att5tive c>e on ! tea*]'s "p4 ,! be/    
outcome ( su* tra9+ is ! consci\s p[] ( 
! *ild to help himself1 & !re is no?+ 9 
s*ool "w m des]v+ ( enc\ragem5t4  ,!    

sy/em ( diacritical m>k+s us$ 9 !       
diction>y %\ld be put on ! blackbo>d1   
v>i$ illu/rations ( ! m>k+s giv51 & !   
application ( ^! m>k+s to new words 9 ! 
diction>y discov]$4 ,lack ( success 9   
?is "w is *iefly due to a failure to    
pursue ?is plan /eadily till ease &     
ma/]y are ga9$ & habits =m$4  ,9 ! lat] 
grades ^! habits ( self-help %\ld be    
kept up & ext5d$ fur!r to ! /udy (      
synonyms1 root words & _! k9dr$1        
homonyms1 prefixes & suffixes1 & ! d]iv$
 mean+s ( words4     ,,*apt] ,v  ,,me?od
 ,,fur!r ,,discuss$ ,,& ,,illu/rat$4    
,,summ>y   ,9 ! foll[+ *apt] "s phases (
 me?od n fully treat$ be=e w be discuss$
 & illu/rat$4  #a4 ,! proposal to treat 
lit]>y ma/]pieces z units ( ?\ght       
implies a se>*+ /udy & sift+ out ( !    
ess5tial idea 9 ea* poem or selection4  
,9 "s1 bo? ( ! long] & %ort] pieces1 x  
is n difficult to detect ! motive4 ,9   
,bryant's ,ode to a ,wat]f[l1 x is ev5  
sugge/$ z a sort ( moral at ! close4    
,likewise 9 ! ,pi$ ,pip] ( ,hamel91 & 9 

,burns's ,tam ,o',%ant]4 ,9 ,glaucis &  
,philemon1 z well z 9 ,! ,gold5 ,t\*1   
ev5 a *ild c quickly disc]n ! controll+ 
idea ( ! my?4 ,b 9 _m ( our *oice/      
lit]>y products x requires delib]ate    
?\ght to discov] ! poet's deep] mean+1  
especially t idea :i* b9ds all ! p>ts   
toge!r & gives unity to ! :ole4 ,9      
,l[ell's address ,to ! ,d&elion1 we may 
f9d 9 ea* /anza ! gleam ( ! gold5 ?read 
:i* unifies ! :ole4 ,! fir/ l9es sugge/ 
x3--    ,de> common fl[]1 t gr['/ beside
 ! way1   ,fr++ ! du/y road ) h>mless   
gold4  ,& aga9 9 ! second /anza3--      
',tis ! ,spr+'s l>gess :i* %e scatt]s n[
   ,to ri* & poor alike1 ) lavi% h&4  ,9
 ! succe$+ /anzas he calls to m9d h[ !  
d&elion sugge/s ! ri*es ( ! tropics1 !  
full promise ( summ]1 ! pure joys (     
*ildhood1 ! common lov+ c\rtesies (     
life1 ! ri* love & prodigality ( nature1
 & ! div9ity 9 e human he>t4  ,:5 by    
reflection we b9d all ^! ?\ghts toge!r1 
& f9d t !y focus 9 ! idea t ! be/ ri*es 
ab\nd & ev5 bur/ =? out ( common ?+s & f

 ! he>ts ( common m5 & wom51 we realize 
t ! poet has br\ght u to ! po9t (       
discov]+ a deep & practical tru?1 :i*1  
put to "w 9 ! _w1 w\ld br+ rhy?m &      
h>mony into human life4  ,b su* a deep  
impression is n made by a sup]ficial or 
fragm5tal /udy ( ! poem4  ,a some:at    
simil> result may be wr\ght out by !    
/udy ( ,l[ell's poem1 ,an ,incid5t 9 a  
,railroad ,c>1 & ! idea is well express$
 9 ! v]se3--    ,nev] did poesy appe>   
,s full ( heav5 to me z :5   ,i saw h[ x
 w\ld pi]ce ?r\gh pride & fe>   ,to     
lives ( co>se/ m54  ,! /udy ( a poem or 
o!r ma/]piece 9 ?is way1 to get at its  
inn] life & cont9uity1 reveals to u an  
int]e/+ process ( m5tal elaboration &   
comp>ative ?\ght4 ,su* self-active      
reflection is ! subsoil+ ( ! m9d4  ,to  
set *ildr5 to "w ^u problems ( ?is sort1
 to put !m 9 ! way ( ?9k+ & feel+ =     
!mselves1 & t too ev5 9 ! long] classics
 l ,evangel9e1 ,eno* ,ard51 ,silas      
,m>n]1 etc41 is to br+ su* /udies into !
 realm ( great culture-produc+ ag5cies4 

,_m m9or que/ions ( me?od w be solv$ by 
hav+ ^! c5tres ( ?\ght1 ^! problems =   
?9k]s4 ,tea*]s are bo!r$ to "k :at sort 
( que/ions to ask4 ,x w\ld be safe to   
say1 ^? que/ions :i* move 9 ! direction 
( ! ma9 tru?1 t[>d ! solution ( ! *ief  
problem4 ,b let ! que/ions be %rewd1 n  
reveal+ too mu*1 /imulat+ to            
?\ghtfulness & head+ (f errors4 ,to :at 
ext5t %all geographical1 hi/orical1 or  
biographical facts be ga!r$ = ! enri*m5t
 & cl>ify+ ( ! poem8 ,^? mat]ials :i*   
?r[ necess>y light on ! ess5tial ideas1 
omitt+ :at is irrelevant & second>y4  ,a
 c>eful /udy ( ! life ( ,alex&]1 by     
,plut>*1 w br+ to light1 m ?an any?+    
else1 8 magnanimity4 ,! ?+ t s mu*      
di/+ui%$ him f o!r m5 0 8 l>ge1 lib]al  
temp]1 display$ on _m v>i\s occasions4  
,x rem9ds ! mature /ud5t ( t rem>kable  
utt]ance ( ,burke1 ,great affairs &     
little m9ds g ill toge!r4 ,! l>ge-m9d$  
/atesman%ip ) :i* ,burke discusses      
conciliation ) ! colonies is ( l quality
 ) ?is magnanim\s _s ( ,alex&]4  ,"o :o 

reads receptively ,em]son's ,! ,=tune ( 
! ,republic w op5 8 eyes on two opposite
 b closely relat$ ideas1 ! s]i\s        
faults1--! l[ political tone1 !         
mat]ialism1 ! spread-eagle /rut &       
slov5ly m$iocrity ( mu* 9 ,am]ican      
life1--& ov] aga9/ ?is ! spl5did        
promise1 manl9ess1 & int5se idealism (  
our national life4 ,to "w out ?is       
conception 9 ! bra9s ( "y p & let x     
k9dle _! he>ts ) "s true gl[ (          
patriotism1 is ! highe/ =m ( tea*+4 ,su*
 in/ruction w\ld conv]t e s*oolh\se into
 a true temple ( fre$om & patriotism4   
,b 9 ord] to rea* ^! results bo? tea*]s 
& pupils mu/ put _! m9ds to ! /ret* (   
e>ne/ "w4 ,9 ! introduction to !        
above-nam$ essay ( ,em]son1 9 !         
,riv]side ,lit]ature ,s]ies1 occurs !   
foll[+ int]e/+ & sugge/ive passage3 ,yet
 _m ( 8 mo/ notable addresses 7 giv5    
be=e audi5ces ( "y m5 & wom51 & out ( ! 
great body ( 8 writ+s x is n difficult  
to f9d _m passages :i* g /raight to !   
intellig5ce ( boys & girls 9 s*ool4 ,!  

plan ( ?is s]ies =bids ! use ( extracts1
 or _m numb]s might be fill$ ) /rik+ &  
appropriate passages f ,em]son's writ+s2
 b !re are c]ta9 essays & addresses :i*1
 ?\gh !y may conta9 "s knotty s5t5ces1  
are 9 ! ma9 s int]e/+ to boys & girls :o
 h begun to ?9k1 !y are s inspir+ &     
yield s mu* to any "o :o w take a little
 tr\ble to use 8 m9d1 t x is obvi\sly   
desirable to br+ !m 9 conv5i5t =m to !  
att5tion ( s*ools4 ,"s ( ! be/ ?+s 9    
lit]ature we c get only by digg+ = !m2 &
 !re is great satisfaction 9 read+ aga9 
& aga9 ma/]pieces l ! essays 9 ?is      
collection1 ) a fre% pleasure 9 ea*     
read+ z new ideas spr+ up 9 ! m9d ( !   
att5tive read]4  ,x w be a day ri* 9    
promise & fruitful ( great ?+s :5 !     
g5]al body ( our tea*]s take hold ( our 
great ,am]ican classics 9 ?is det]m9$   
_s1 treat+ !m z :oles & grasp+ firmly ! 
ess5tial fundam5tal ideas4  #b4 ,x is 9 
! ?\ght-analysis ( a read+ lesson t a   
tea*]'s wit & wisdom are br\ght to !    
sev]e/ te/4 ,! words ( ,%akespe>e may be

 appli$ to ! tea*]3--    ,a pr9ce mo/   
prud5t1 ( an excell5t   ,& unmat*$ wit &
 judgm5t4  ,!re is mu* dang] ( wa/+ "t 9
 =mal que/ions1 que/ions /rik+ no sp>k (
 int]e/1 que/ions on famili> words t    
really ne$ no elucidation1 vague &      
unprem$itat$ que/ions t make no =w>d    
/ep4 ,simple1 f>-rea*+ que/ions1 :i* t\*
 ! pupils' deep] ?\ghtfulness 9 prep>+ !
 lesson & /imulate 8 self-active ef=t1  
are ne$$4 ,if ! tea*] has become ke5ly  
int]e/$1 he w ask m tell+ que/ions4 ,if 
he has prob$ into ! au?or's secret1--!  
?+ :i* he has be5 h9t+ at & only gives  
occasional glimpses ( to :et y\r        
curiosity1--he w discov] t ?\ght-gett+  
is almo/ a tantaliz+ process ) great    
writ]s4 ,! tea*] mu/ spur & almo/       
tantalize ! *ildr5 ) a simil> %rewdness 
( "q4  ,problem-rais+ que/ions1 involv+ 
?\ghtful retrospect & %rewd             
anticipation1 que/ions :i* _c be answ]$ 
(fh& b lead on to a deep] /udy1 are at a
 premium4 ,rusk9 says3--  ,&1 !re=e1    
fir/ ( all1 ,i tell y e>ne/ly &         

au?oritatively 7,i "k ,i am "r 9 ?is71 y
 mu/ get into ! habit ( look+ int5sely  
at words & assur+ y\rself ( _! mean+1   
syllable by syllable1--nay1 lett] by    
lett]4 ,aga9 he says1 ( a well-educat$  
g5tleman1 t above all he is le>n$ 9 !   
pe]age ( words2 kn[s ! words ( true     
desc5t & anci5t blood at a glance f     
words ( mod]n canaille4  ,9 ord] to make
 8 ?\ght unmi/akable1 ,i quote at l5g? a
 passage f ,rusk9's ,sesame & ,lilies3--
  ,& n[1 m]ely = example's sake1 ,i w1 )
 y\r p]mission1 read a few l9es ( a true
 book ) y1 c>efully2 & see :at w come   
out ( !m4 ,i w take a book p]fectly kn[n
 to y all2 no ,engli% words are m       
famili> to u1 yet no?+ p]haps has be5   
less read ) s9c]ity4 ,i w take ^! few   
foll[+ l9es ( ',lycidas'3--    ',la/    
came1 & la/ did g1   ,! pilot ( !       
,galilean lake2   ,two massy keys he    
bore ( metals twa91   7,! gold5 opes1 ! 
iron %uts ama971   ,he %ook 8 mitr$     
locks1 & /]n bespake1   ,h[ well c\ld ,i
 h sp>'d = !e1 "y swa91   ,en[ ( su* z =

 _! bellies' sake   ,creep & intrude1 & 
climb into ! fold3   ,( o!r c>e !y      
little reckon+ make1   ,?an h[ to       
scramble at ! %e>]s' fea/1   ,& %ove    
away ! wor?y bidd5 gue/2   ,bl9d m\?s6 t
 sc>ce !mselves "k h[ to hold   ,a      
%eep-hook1 or h le>n'd aught else1 !    
lea/   ,t to ! fai?ful h]dsman's art    
belongs6   ,:at recks x !m8 ,:at ne$ !y8
 ,!y are sp$2   ,& :5 !y li/1 _! lean & 
fla%y songs   ,grate on _! scrannel     
pipes ( wret*$ /raw2   ,! hungry %eep   
look up1 & are n f$1   ,b1 swoln ) w9d1 
& ! rank mi/ !y draw1   ,rot inw>dly1 & 
f\l contagion spread2   ,besides :at !  
grim wolf ) privy paw   ,daily dev\rs   
apace1 & no?+ said4'  ,let u ?9k ov] ?is
 passage1 & exam9e its words4  ,fir/1 is
 x n s+ul> to f9d ,milton assign+ to ,/4
 ,pet]1 n only 8 full episcopal         
function1 b ! v types ( x :i*           
,prote/ants usually refuse mo/          
passionately8 ,8 'mitr$' locks6 ,milton 
0 no ,bi%op-lov]2 h[ comes ,/4 ,pet] to 
be 'mitr$'8 ',two massy keys he bore4'  

,is ?is1 !n1 ! p[] ( ! keys claim$ by ! 
,bi%ops ( ,rome1 & is x ackn[l$g$ "h by 
,milton only 9 a poetical lic5se1 = !   
sake ( its picturesqu5ess2 t he may get 
! gleam ( ! gold5 keys to help 8 effect8
 ,d n ?9k x4 ,great m5 d n play /age    
tricks ) doctr9es ( life & dea?3 only   
little m5 d t4 ,milton means :at he     
says2 & means x ) 8 might1 too1--is go+ 
to put ! :ole /r5g? ( 8 _s pres5tly into
 ! say+ ( x4 ,= ?\gh n a lov] ( false   
bi%ops1 he 0 a lov] ( true ones2 & !    
lake-pilot is "h1 9 8 ?\ghts1 ! type &  
head ( true episcopal p[]4 ,= ,milton   
reads t text1 ',i w give unto !e ! keys 
( ! k+dom ( ,heav51' q hone/ly4 ,puritan
 ?\gh he be1 he w\ld n blot x out ( !   
book because !re h be5 bad bi%ops2 nay1 
9 ord] to und]/& him1 we mu/ und]/& t   
v]se fir/2 x w n d to eye x askance1 or 
:isp] x "u our brea?1 z if x 7 a weapon 
( an adv]se sect4 ,x is a solemn1       
univ]sal ass]tion1 deeply to be kept 9  
m9d by all sects4 ,b p]haps we %all be  
bett] able to reason on x if we g on a  

little f>!r1 & come back to x4 ,=       
cle>ly1 ?is m>k$ insi/5ce on ! p[] ( !  
true episcopate is to make u feel m     
weightily :at is to be *>g$ aga9/ !     
false claimants ( episcopate2 or        
g5]ally1 aga9/ false claimants ( p[] &  
rank 9 ! body ( ! cl]gy2 !y :o1 '= _!   
bellies' sake1 creep1 & intrude1 & climb
 into ! fold4'  ,d n ?9k ,milton uses ^?
 ?ree words to fill up 8 v]se1 z a loose
 writ] w\ld4 ,he ne$s all ! ?ree2       
specially ^? ?ree1 & no m ?an           
^?--'creep1' & 'intrude1' & 'climb'2 no 
o!r words w\ld or c\ld s]ve ! turn1 & no
 m c\ld be add$4 ,= !y exhau/ively      
compreh5d ! ?ree classes1 correspond5t  
to ! ?ree *>act]s1 ( m5 :o di%one/ly    
seek ecclesia/ical p[]4 ,fir/1 ^? :o    
'creep' into ! fold2 :o d n c>e = (fice1
 nor "n1 b = secret influ5ce1 & d all   
?+s occultly & cunn+ly1 cons5t+ to any  
s]vility ( (fice or conduct1 s only t !y
 may intimately disc]n1 & unaw>es direct
 ! m9ds ( m54 ,!n ^? :o 'intrude' 7?ru/1
 t is7 !mselves into ! fold1 :o by      

natural insol5ce ( he>t1 & /\t eloqu5ce 
( tongue1 & fe>lessly p]sev]ant         
self-ass]tion1 obta9 he>+ & au?ority ) !
 common cr[d4 ,la/ly1 ^? :o 'climb1' :o 
by labor & le>n+1 bo? /\t & s\nd1 b     
selfi%ly ex]t$ 9 ! cause ( _! own       
ambition1 ga9 high dignities &          
au?orities1 & become 'lords ov] !       
h]itage1' ?\gh n 'ensamples to ! flock4'
  ,n[ g on3--    ',( o!r c>e !y little  
reckon+ make1   ,?an h[ to scramble at !
 %e>]s' fea/4   ,bl9d m\?s--'  ,i pause 
aga91 = ?is is a /range expression2 a   
brok5 metaphor1 "o might ?9k1 c>eless & 
uns*ol>ly4  ,n s3 its v audacity &      
pi?9ess are int5d$ to make u look close 
at ! phrase & rememb] x4 ,^? two        
monosyllables express ! precisely       
accurate contr>ies ( "r "*1 9 ! two     
great (fices ( ! ,*ur*--^? ( bi%op &    
pa/or4  ,a ,bi%op means a p]son :o sees4
  ,a ,pa/or means "o :o fe$s4  ,! mo/   
unbi%oply "* a man c h is !re=e to be   
,bl9d4  ,! mo/ unpa/oral is1 in/ead (   
fe$+1 to want to be f$1--to be a ,m\?4  

,take ! two rev]ses toge!r1 & y h 'bl9d 
m\?s4' ,we may advisably foll[ out ?is  
idea a little4 ,ne>ly all ! evils 9 !   
,*ur* h aris5 f bi%ops desir+ p[] m ?an 
light4 ,!y want au?ority1 n outlook4    
,:]eas _! real (fice is n to rule2 ?\gh 
x may be vigor\sly to exhort & rebuke2 x
 is ! k+'s (fice to rule2 ! bi%op's     
(fice is to ov]see ! flock2 to numb] x1 
%eep by %eep2 to be ready always to give
 full acc\nt ( x4 ,n[ x is cle> he _c   
give acc\nt ( ! s\ls1 if he has n s mu* 
z numb]$ ! bodies ( 8 flock4 ,! fir/ ?+1
 !re=e1 t a bi%op has to d is at lea/ to
 put himself 9 a position 9 :i*1 at any 
mom5t1 he c obta9 ! hi/ory f *ildhood ( 
e liv+ s\l 9 8 diocese1 & ( its pres5t  
/ate4 ,d[n 9 t back /reet1 ,bill1 &     
,nancy1 knock+ ea* o!r's tee?           
out6--,does ! bi%op "k all ab\t x8 ,has 
he 8 eye ^u !m8 ,has he _h 8 eye ^u !m8 
,c he circum/antially expla9 to u h[    
,bill got into ! habit ( beat+ ,nancy   
ab\t ! head8 ,if he _c1 he is no bi%op1 
?\gh he _h a mitre z high z ,salisbury  

/eeple2 he is no bi%op1--he has s\ght to
 be at ! helm in/ead ( ! ma/head2 he has
 no sight ( ?+s4 ',nay1' y say1 x is n 8
 duty to look aft] ,bill 9 ! back /reet4
 ,:at6 ! fat %eep t h full fleeces--y   
?9k x is only ^? he %\ld look aft]1 :ile
 7g back to y\r ,milton7 '! hungry %eep 
look up1 & are n f$1 besides :at ! grim 
wolf ) privy paw' 7bi%ops kn[+ no?+ ab\t
 x7 'daily dev\rs apace1 & no?+ said'8  
',b t's n our idea ( a bi%op4' ,p]haps  
n2 b x 0 ,/4 ,paul's2 & x 0 ,milton's4  
,!y may be "r1 or we may be2 b we mu/ n 
?9k we are read+ ei!r "o or ! o!r by    
putt+ our mean+ into _! words4  ,i g on4
    ',b1 swolln ) w9d1 & ! rank mi/ !y  
draw4'  ,?is is to meet ! vulg> answ] t 
'if ! poor are n look$ aft] 9 _! bodies1
 !y are 9 _! s\ls2 !y h spiritual food4'
  ,& ,milton says1 ',!y h no su* ?+ z   
spiritual food2 !y are only swolln )    
w9d4' ,at fir/ y may ?9k t is a co>se   
type1 & an obscure "o4 ,b1 aga91 x is a 
q lit]ally accurate "o4 ,take up y\r    
,lat9 & ,greek diction>ies1 & f9d out ! 

mean+ ( ',_s4' ,x is only a contraction 
( ! ,lat9 ^w 'brea?1' & an indi/9ct     
translation ( ! ,greek ^w = 'w9d4' ,!   
same ^w is us$ 9 writ+4 ',! w9d bl[e?   
:]e x li/e?2' & ',s is e "o t is born ( 
! ,_s1' born ( ! brea?1 t is1 = x means 
! brea? ( ,god1 9 s\l & body4 ,we h !   
true s5se ( x 9 our words 'inspiration' 
& 'expire4' ,n[1 !re are two k9ds (     
brea? ) :i* ! flock may be fill$2 ,god's
 brea? & man's4 ,! brea? ( ,god is heal?
 & life & peace to !m1 z ! air ( heav5  
is to ! flocks on ! hills2 b man's      
brea?--! ^w he calls spiritual--is      
disease & contagion to !m1 z ! fog ( !  
f54 ,!y rot inw>dly ) x2 !y are puff$ up
 by x1 z a body by ! vapors ( its own   
decomposition4 ,?is is lit]ally true (  
all false religi\s tea*+2 ! fir/ & la/ &
 fatale/ sign ( x is t 'puff+ up4'      
,la/ly1 let u return to ! l9es respect+ 
! p[] ( ! keys1 = n[ we c und]/& !m4    
,note ! diff]5ce betwe5 ,milton & ,dante
 9 _! int]pretation ( ?is p[]2 = once ! 
latt] is weak] 9 ?\ght2 he supposes bo? 

! keys to be ( ! gate ( heav52 "o is (  
gold1 ! o!r ( silv]2 !y are giv5 by ,/4 
,pet] to ! s5t9el angel1 & x is n easy  
to det]m9e ! mean+ ei!r ( ! sub/ances ( 
! ?ree /eps ( ! gate or ( ! two keys4 ,b
 ,milton makes "o1 ( gold1 ! key (      
heav52 ! o!r1 ( iron1 ! key ( ! prison1 
9 :i* ! wick$ tea*]s are to be b\nd :o  
'h tak5 away ! key ( k1 yet ent]$ n 9   
!mselves4'  ,we h se5 t ! duties ( bi%op
 & pa/or are to see & fe$1 &1 ( all :o d
 s1 x is said1 ',he t wat]e?1 %all be   
wat]$ also himself4' ,b ! rev]se is tru?
 also4 ,he t wat]e? n1 %all be )]$      
himself1 & he t see? n1 %all himself be 
%ut out ( sight1--%ut into ! p]petual   
prison h\se4 ,& t prison op5s "h z well 
z h]eaft]2 he :o is to be b\nd 9 heav5  
mu/ fir/ be b\nd on e>?4 ,t comm& to !  
/rong angels1 ( :i* ! rock-apo/le is !  
image1 ',take him1 & b9d him h& & foot1 
& ca/ him out1' issues1 9 its measure1  
aga9/ ! tea*] = e help )held1 & = e tru?
 refus$1 & = e falsehood en=c$2 s t he  
is m /rictly fett]$ ! m he fett]s1 &    

fur!r outca/ z he m & m misleads1 till  
at la/ ! b>s ( ! iron cage close ^u him1
 & z '! gold5 opes1 ! iron %uts ama94'  
,we h got some?+ out ( ! l9es1 ,i ?9k1 &
 mu* m is yet to be f\nd 9 !m2 b we h   
done en\gh by way ( example ( ! k9d (   
^w-by-^w exam9ation ( y\r au?or :i* is  
rightly call$ 'read+1' wat*+ e acc5t &  
expression1 & putt+ ourselves always 9 !
 au?or's place1 annihilat+ our own      
p]sonality1 & seek+ to ent] into 81 s z 
to be able assur$ly to say1 ',?us       
,milton ?\ght1' n ',?us ,i ?\ght1 9     
misread+ ,milton4'  #c4 ,9 read+        
successive poems & prose selections f   
diff]5t au?ors1 /rong resemblances 9    
?\ght or language are frequ5tly detect$4
 ,x is a ?\ght-provok+ process to br+   
su* simil> passages to a def9ite        
comp>ison4 ,ev5 :]e ! same topic is     
treat$ diff]5tly by two au?ors1 !       
diff]5t or contra/$ po9ts ( view are    
sugge/ive4 ,call+ su* famili> passages  
to m9d is 9 itself a good practice1 & x 
is well to cultivate ?is mode ( turn+   

previ\s k into use4  ,to illu/rate ?is  
po9t1 let u call to m9d "s famili>      
passages1 t\*+ ! w9t] sn[-/orm & !      
fireside com=ts1 f ,:itti]1 ,em]son1 &  
,l[ell4  ,:itti]'s description ( a      
sn[-/orm 9 ,sn[-,b\nd is well kn[n3--   
,unw>m$ by any sunset light   ,! gray   
day d>k5$ into night1   ,a night made   
ho>y ) ! sw>m   ,& :irl-dance ( ! bl9d+ 
/orm1   ,z zigzag wav]+ to & fro        
,cross$ & recross$ ! w+$ sn[3   ,& ere !
 e>ly b$time came   ,! :ite drift pil$ !
 w9d[-frame1   ,& ?r\gh ! glass !       
clo!s-l9e po/s   ,look$ 9 l tall & %eet$
 gho/s4    ,s all night long ! /orm ro>$
 on3   ,! morn+ broke )\t a sun2   ,9   
t9y sph]ule trac$ ) l9es   ,( ,nature's 
geometric signs1   ,9 />ry flake &      
pellicle   ,all day ! ho>y meteor fell2 
,&1 :5 ! second morn+ %one1   ,we look$ 
^u a _w unkn[n1   ,on no?+ we c\ld call 
our own4   ,ar\nd ! gli/5+ wond] b5t    
,! blue walls ( ! firmam5t1   ,no cl\d  
above1 no e>? bel[1--   ,a univ]se ( sky
 & sn[6   ,! old famili> sights ( ours  

,took m>vell\s %apes2 /range domes &    
t[]s   ,rose up :]e /y or corn-crib     
/ood1   ,or g>d5-wall1 or belt ( wood2  
,a smoo? :ite m\nd ! bru%-pile %[$1   ,a
 f5celess drift :at once 0 road2   ,!   
bridle-po/ an old man sat   ,)          
loose-flung coat & high cock$ hat2   ,! 
well-curb _h a ,*9ese ro(2   ,& ev5 !   
long sweep1 high alo(1   ,9 its slant   
spl5dor1 seem$ to tell   ,( ,pisa's     
lean+ miracle4  ,aga9 ! fireside joy is 
express$3--    ,%ut 9 f all ! _w )\t1   
,we sat ! clean-w+$ he>? ab\t1   ,cont5t
 to let ! nor?-w9d ro>   ,9 baffl$ rage 
at pane & door1   ,:ile ! r$ logs be=e u
 beat   ,! fro/-l9e back ) tropic heat2 
,& ev]1 :5 a l\d] bla/   ,%ook beam &   
raft] z x pass$1   ,! m]ri] up its ro>+ 
draught   ,! great ?roat ( ! *imney     
laugh$1   ,! h\se-dog on 8 paws         
outspread   ,laid to ! fire 8 dr[sy     
head1   ,! cat's d>k silh\ette on ! wall
   ,a c\*ant tig]'s seem$ to fall2   ,&1
 = ! w9t] fireside meet1   ,betwe5 !    
&irons' /raddl+ feet1   ,! mug ( cid]   

simm]$ sl[1   ,! apples sputt]$ 9 a r[1 
,&1 close at h&1 ! basket /ood   ,) nuts
 f br[n ,octob]'s wood4    ,:at matt] h[
 ! night behav$8   ,:at matt] h[ !      
nor?-w9d rav$8   ,bl[ high1 bl[ l[1 n   
all its sn[   ,c\ld qu5* our he>?-fire's
 ruddy gl[4  ,if ^! passages & o!rs 9   
,sn[-,b\nd are famili> to ! *ildr5 9    
previ\s /udy1 ! read+ ( ,em]son's ,!    
,sn[-,/orm1 might set !m to recall+ a   
:ole s]ies ( pictures f ,:itti]3--      
,ann\nc$ by all ! trumpets ( ! sky1     
,arrives ! sn[1 &1 driv+ o'er ! fields1 
,seems n[h]e to alight3 ! :it$ air      
,hides hills & woods1 ! riv]1 & ! heav51
   ,& veils ! f>mh\se at ! g>d5's end4  
,! sl$ & travell] /opp$1 ! c\ri]'s feet 
,delay$1 all fri5ds %ut out1 ! h\semates
 sit   ,ar\nd ! radiant fireplace1      
enclos$   ,9 a tumultu\s privacy ( /orm4
    ,come see ! nor? w9d's masonry4     
,out ( an unse5 qu>ry ev]more1          
,furni%$ ) tile1 ! fi]ce artific]       
,curves 8 :ite ba/ions ) project$ ro(   
,r\nd e w9dw>d /ake1 or tree1 or door4  

,spe$+1 ! myriad-h&$1 8 wild "w   ,s    
fanciful1 s savage1 n\ght c>es he   ,=  
numb] or proportion4 ,mock+ly1   ,on    
coop or k5nel he hangs ,p>ian wrea?s2   
,a swan-l =m inve/s ! hidd5 ?orn2       
,fills up ! f>m]'s lane f wall to wall1 
,maugre ! f>m]'s sighs2 & at ! gate   ,a
 tap]+ turret ov]tops ! "w4   ,& :5 8   
h\rs are numb]$1 & ! _w   ,is all 8 own1
 retir+1 z he 7 n1   ,leaves1 :5 ! sun  
appe>s1 a/oni%$ ,art   ,to mimic 9 sl[  
/ructures1 /one by /one1   ,built 9 an  
age1 ! mad w9d's night-"w1   ,! frolic  
ar*itecture ( ! sn[4  ,! ar*itecture ( !
 sn[ c be comp>$ po9t by po9t 9 bo?     
au?ors1 9 ! objects ab\t ! f>mh\se1 :ile
 ! picture ( ! snug com=ts ( ! fireplace
 is 9 bo?4  ,( a some:at diff]5t1 yet   
closely relat$1 "* is ! description 9 ! 
,prelude to ,"p ,second1 9 ! ,vision (  
,sir ,launfal3--    ,d[n swept ! *ill   
w9d f ! m\nta9 peak1     ,f ! sn[ five  
?\s& summ]s old2   ,on op5 wold &       
hill-top bleak     ,x _h ga!r$ all !    
cold1   ,& :irl$ x l sleet on ! w&]]'s  

*eek2   ,x c>ri$ a %iv] ev]y:]e   ,f !  
unleaf$ b\ghs & pa/ures b>e2   ,! little
 brook he>d x & built a ro(   ',nea? :i*
 he c\ld h\se him1 w9t]-pro(2   ,all    
night by ! :ite />s' fro/y gleams   ,he 
gro9$ 8 ar*es & mat*$ 8 beams2   ,sl5d] 
& cle> 7 8 cry/al sp>s   ,z ! la%es (   
light t trim ! />s2   ,he sculptur$ e   
summ] delight   ,9 8 halls & *amb]s out 
( sight2   ,sometimes 8 t9kl+ wat]s     
slipt   ,d[n ?r\gh a fro/-leav$         
=e/-crypt1   ,long1 sp>kl+ aisles (     
/eel-/emm$ trees   ,b5d+ to c\nt]feit a 
breeze2   ,sometimes ! ro( no fretwork  
knew   ,b silv]y mosses t d[nw>d grew2  
,sometimes x 0 c>v$ 9 %>p relief   ,)   
qua9t arabesques ( ice-f]n leaf2        
,sometimes x 0 simply smoo? & cle>   ,= 
! gladness ( heav5 to %9e ?r\gh1 & "h   
,he _h caught ! nodd+ bulru%-tops   ,&  
hung !m ?ickly ) diamond drops1   ,:i*  
cry/all$ ! beams ( moon & sun1   ,& made
 a /> ( e "o3   ,no mortal build]'s mo/ 
r>e device   ,c\ld mat* ?is w9t]-palace 
( ice2   ',twas z if e image t mirror$  

lay   ,9 8 dep?s s]5e ?r\gh ! summ] day1
   ,ea* flitt+ %ad[ ( e>? & sky1        
,le/ ! happy model %\ld be lo/1   ,_h   
be5 mimick$ 9 fairy masonry     ,by !   
elf9 build]s ( ! fro/4    ,)9 ! hall are
 ! song & laught]1     ,! *eeks (       
,*ri/mas gl[ r$ & jolly1   ,& spr\t+ is 
e corbel & raft]     ,) ! lightsome gre5
 ( ivy & holly2   ,?r\gh ! deep gulf ( !
 *imney wide   ,wall[s ! ,yule-log's    
ro>+ tide2   ,! broad flame-p5nons droop
 & flap     ,& belly & tug z a flag 9 ! 
w9d2   ,l a locu/ %rills ! imprison$    
sap1     ,hunt$ to dea? 9 its gall]ies  
bl9d2   ,& swift little troops ( sil5t  
sp>ks1     ,n[ paus+1 n[ scatt]+ away z 
9 fe>1   ,g ?read+ ! soot-=e/'s tangl$  
d>ks     ,l h]ds ( />tl$ de]4  ,! elf9  
build]s ( ! fro/ h rais$ ev5 m delicate 
/ructures ?an ! sn[4 ,! descriptive p[] 
( ! poets 9 pictur+ nature's h&iwork _c 
be bett] se5 ?an 9 ^! passages4 ,x is   
h>dly wor? :ile to sugge/ ! po9ts (     
resemblance :i* *ildr5 w quickly detect 
9 ^! passages1 z ! comp>ison (--        

,?r\gh ! deep gulf ( ! *imney wide      
,wall[s ! ,yule-log's ro>+ tide1  )     
?is1--    ,! m]ri] up its ro>+ draught4 
,! great ?roat ( ! *imney laugh$4  ,su* 
passages1 sugge/+ l ?\ghts 9 e>li]      
/udies1 are v frequ5t & spr+ up 9       
unexpect$ qu>t]s4  ,= example1 ,em]son1 
9 ,walde9samkeit1 says3--    ,i d n c\nt
 ! h\rs ,i sp5d     ,9 w&]+ by ! sea2   
,! =e/ is my loyal fri5d1     ,l ,god x 
use? me4  ,aga91 9 ! ,apology1 he       
says3--    ,?9k me n unk9d & rude     ,t
 ,i walk alone 9 grove & gl52   ,i g to 
! god ( ! wood     ,to fet* 8 ^w to m54 
,& ,l[ell1 9 ,! ,bobol9k3--    ,z long1 
long ye>s ago ,i w&]$1   ,i seem to w&] 
ev5 yet4   ,! h\rs ! idle s*oolboy      
squ&]$1   ,! man w\ld die ere he'd =get4
   ,o h\rs t fro/y eld deem$ wa/$1      
,nodd+ 8 gray head t[>d my books1   ,i  
de>] prize ! lore ,i ta/$   ,) y1 among 
! trees & brooks1   ,?an all t ,i h ga9$
 s9ce !n   ,f le>n$ books or /udy-)]$   
m54  ,& ,:itti] says3--    ,our uncle1  
innoc5t ( books1   ,0 ri* 9 lore (      

fields & brooks1   ,! anci5t tea*]s nev]
 dumb   ,( ,nature's unh\s$ lyceum4  ,x 
w\ld n be difficult to recall o!r       
passages f ,bryant1 ,%akespe>e1 ,byron1 
& _m o!rs1 express+ ?is love ( solitude 
9 woods or on ! sea%ore1 & ! wisdom to  
be ga9$ f su* communion ) nature4 ,?is  
active retrospect to ga!r up k9dr$      
?\ghts out ( previ\s /udies & m+le !m ) 
! new] influx ( radiant ideas f ma/]    
m9ds is a fruitful mode ( assimilat+ &  
comp\nd+ k4 ,x may be advisable at times
 = ! tea*] to br+ toge!r a few          
additional passages f /ill wid] s\rces1 
expressive ( a ?\ght k9dr$ to t work$   
out 9 ! class4 ,su* /udy leads to a     
self-reliant1 en?usia/ic companion%ip ) 
! ?\ghts ( great m51 & is mo/ pr(itable4
  #d4 ,!re is a pron\nc$ value 9        
dramatic repres5tation ( lit]>y         
selections4 ,! imp]sonat+ ( *>act]s     
gives an int5sity & realism to ! ?\ght t
 _c be effect$ 9 any o!r way4 ,9 "s     
cases x is possible to provide a /age & 
"s degree ( co/um+1 to l5d m complete   

realization ( ! sc5es4  ,9 favor ( su*  
dramatic ef=ts x may be said t *ildr51  
ev5 9 ! e>li] grades1 are naturally     
dramatic1 & enjoy greatly bo? see+ &    
p>ticipat+ 9 !m4 ,x gives scope to _!   
natural t5d5cy t[>d action1 r ?an       
repose1 & prop] v]bal expression is m   
easily secur$ 9 conjunction ) action ?an
 )\t x4 ,9 ?is connection x may be said 
t act+ l5ds great] fre$om & spontaneity 
to ! read+4  ,s*legel1 9 8 description (
 dramatic art1 says3--  ,ev5 9 a lively 
oral n>ration1 x is n unusual to        
introduce p]sons 9 conv]sation ) ea*    
o!r1 & to give a correspond+ v>iety to !
 tone & ! expression4 ,b ! gaps1 :i* ^! 
conv]sations leave 9 ! /ory1 ! n>rator  
fills up 9 8 own "n ) a description ( ! 
accompany+ circum/ances1 & o!r          
p>ticul>s4 ,! dramatic poet mu/ r5\nce  
all su* exp$i5ts2 b = ?is he is ri*ly   
recomp5s$ 9 ! foll[+ inv5tion4 ,he      
requires ea* ( ! *>act]s 9 8 /ory to be 
p]sonat$ by a liv+ individual2 t ?is    
individual %\ld1 9 sex1 age1 & figure1  

meet z ne> z may be ! preval5t          
conceptions ( 8 fictiti\s orig9al1 nay1 
assume 8 entire p]sonality2 t e spee*   
%\ld be deliv]$ 9 a suitable tone (     
voice1 & accompani$ by appropriate      
action & ge/ure2 & t ^? ext]nal         
circum/ances %\ld be add$ :i* are       
necess>y to give ! he>]s a cle> idea (  
:at is go+ =w>d4 ,moreov]1 ^!           
repres5tatives ( ! creatures ( 8        
imag9ation mu/ appe> 9 ! co/ume belong+ 
to _! assum$ rank1 & to _! age & c\ntry2
 p>tly = ! sake ( great] resemblance1 & 
p>tly because1 ev5 9 dress1 !re is      
some?+ *>act]i/ic4 ,la/ly1 he mu/ see !m
 plac$ 9 a locality :i*1 9 "s degree1   
resembles t :]e1 accord+ to 8 fable1 !  
action took place1 because ?is also     
contributes to ! resemblance3 he places 
!m1 i4e41 on a sc5e4 ,all ?is br+s u to 
! idea ( ! !atre4 ,x is evid5t t ! v =m 
( dramatic poetry1 t is1 ! exhibition ( 
an action by dialogue )\t ! aid (       
n>rative1 implies ! !atre z its necess>y
 complem5t4  ,! inv5tion ( dramatic art1

 & ( ! !atre1 seems a v obvi\s & natural
 "o4 ,man has a great disposition to    
mimicry2 :5 he ent]s vividly into !     
situation1 s5tim5ts1 & passions ( o!rs1 
he involunt>ily puts on a resemblance to
 !m 9 8 ge/ures4 ,*ildr5 are p]petually 
go+ out ( !mselves2 x is "o ( _! *ief   
amusem5ts to repres5t ^? gr[n p :om !y h
 _h an opportunity ( obs]v+1 or :atev]  
/rikes _! fancy2 & ) ! happy pliancy (  
_! imag9ation1 !y c exhibit all !       
*>act]i/ics ( any dignity !y may *oose  
to assume1 be x t ( a fa!r1 a s*oolma/]1
 or a k+4  ,9 8 book1 ,imag9ation &     
,dramatic ,in/9ct1 ,s4 ,s4 ,curry       
says3--  ,s9ce dramatic in/9ct is s     
important1 ! "q naturally arises        
respect+ ! use ( dialogues = its        
education4 ,!re are ^? :o ?9k t all     
hi/rionic art is useless2 t x is ev5    
delet]i\s to "* to assume a "p4  ,! be/ 
answ] to ?is is ! /udy ( ! little *ild4 
,! v fir/ means a *ild adopts to get out
 ( itself1 or to realize ! great _w ab\t
 x1 is by dramatic action & in/9ct4 ,no 

*ild 0 ev] born ) any m9d at all1 t _h n
 "s ( ?is in/9ct2 & ! m promis+ ! *ild1 
! m is x dramatic & imag9ative4         
,dramatic in/9ct is univ]sal4 ,x is !   
secret ( all success2 x is ! in/9ct by  
:i* man sees ?+s f diff]5t po9ts ( view1
 by :i* he realizes ! ideal 9 "* 9      
contra/ to t :i* is n ideal4  ,pr(essor 
,monroe 0 once ask$ by a cl]gyman =     
private lessons4 ,he told him t 0       
impossible4 ',well1' said ! m9i/]1 ':at 
c ,i d !n8' ',g home & read ,%akespe>e  
dramatically4' ,:y 0 su* advice giv58   
,because ! /ruggle to read ,%akespe>e   
w\ld get ! m9i/] out ( himself4 ,!      
/ruggle to realize h[ m5 ( diff]5t types
 ( "* w\ld speak c]ta9 ?+s w\ld make him
 consci\s :e!r he1 himself1 spoke       
naturally4 ,he w\ld1 9 %ort1 become aw>e
 ( 8 mann]isms1 ( 8 n>r[ gamut (        
emotions1 8 sam5ess ( po9t ( view2 he   
w\ld be br\ght into direct contact ) !  
process ( 8 own m9d 9 ?9k+4  ,! supreme 
value ( a vivid & v]satile imag9ation 9 
giv+ full & ri* developm5t to ! :ole m9d

 is n[ a vital "p ( our confession (    
fai?4 ,! "q is h[ to cultivate su* a    
res\rceful imag9ation4 ,! lit]ature ( ! 
creative imag9ation is felt to be ! *ief
 means1 & ! dramatic in/9ct t[>d        
int]pret+1 assimilat+ & express+ human  
?\ght & feel+ op5s ! av5ue ( gr[?4  ,dr4
 ,curry says3--  ,dramatic in/9ct %\ld  
be tra9$ because x is a "p ( !          
imag9ation1 because x gives u practical 
/eps t[>d ! developm5t ( ! imag9ation1  
because x is ! means ( secur+ discipl9e 
& p[] ov] feel+4 ,dramatic in/9ct %\ld  
be tra9$ because x is ! insight ( "o m9d
 into ano!r4 ,! man :o has kill$ 8      
dramatic in/9ct has become unsympa!tic1 
& c nev] appreciate any "o's po9t ( view
 b 8 own4 ,dramatic in/9ct end[s u )    
broad conceptions ( ! idiosyncrasies1   
beliefs1 & convictions ( m54 ,x tra9s u 
to unconsci\s reason+1 to a deep insight
 into ! motives ( man4 ,x is univ]sally 
felt t "o's p[] to 'o!r himself' is !   
measure ( ! greatness ( 8 p]sonality4   
,all sympa?y1 all union ( ourselves ) ! 

ideals & /ruggles ( our race1 are       
traceable to imag9ation & dramatic      
in/9ct4  ,he fur!r emphasizes ! idea t  
dramatic in/9ct has two                 
elem5ts--imag9ation & sympa?y4          
,imag9ation af=ds insight into "*2      
sympa?y enables u to id5tify ourselves )
 x4 ,toge!r !y =m ! *ief elem5ts (      
altruism4 ,!y r$eem ! m9d f n>r[ness &  
selfi%ness2 !y enable ! individual to   
appreciate ! po9t ( view1 ! feel+s1     
motives1 & *>act]s ( 8 fell[-m52 !y op5 
8 eyes to read ! v>i\s languages ( human
 art2 !y enable him to commune ) 8 k9d  
on a high] plane ?an t ( commonplace    
facts2 !y lift him into communion ) !   
art & _s ( e age & nation4 ,)\t _!      
developm5t man is exclud$ f ! highe/    
enjoym5t1 ! highe/ communion ) 8 k9d1 & 
f ! highe/ success 9 e walk ( life4     
,dramatization is ! only means by :i* we
 c br+ ! read+ "w ( ! s*ool to its full 
& natural expression4 ,! action involv$ 
9 x pr$isposes ! m9d to full & natural  
utt]ance4 ,! fulfilm5t ( all ! dramatic 

conditions l5ds an impetus & g5u95ess to
 e ^w t is spok54 ,x has be5 (t5 obs]v$ 
t boys & girls ^: read+ is some:at      
expressionless become direct & =cible :5
 tak+ a "p 9 a dialogue or dramatic     
action4 ,x w\ld be almo/ f>cical n to   
put =ce & mean+ into ! words :5 all !   
o!r elem5ts ( action & realism are      
pres5t4  ,educational progress is       
ev]y:]e ex]t+ a di/9ct pressure at ^?   
po9ts :]e great] realism1 deep]         
absorption 9 actualities1 is possible4  
,?is is ! significance ( outdoor        
excursions1 ( exp]im5ts1 laboratories1 &
 object "w 9 nature /udy4 ,9 geography &
 hi/ory x is ! purpose ( pictures1 vivid
 descriptions1 biographical /ories1 & ! 
acc\nts ( eye-witnesses & real          
travell]s1 etc4  ,9 lit]ature we        
possess1 embodi$ 9 /rik+ concrete       
p]sonalities1 _m ( ! mo/ =cible ideas t 
m5 h conceiv$ & dealt ) 9 ! hi/ory ( !  
_w4 ,x is v desirable t *ildr5 %\ld     
become !mselves ! vehicles = !          
expression ( ^! ideas4 ,! s*ool is !    

place :]e *ildr5 %\ld become ! embodim5t
 ( ideas4 ,x w\ld be a gr& & n          
impractical s*eme ( education to propose
 to make ! s*ool a place :]e ea* *ild1 9
 a well-*os5 succession1 %\ld be all[$  
to imp]sonate & become ! embodim5t ( !  
con/ructive ideas ( our civilization4   
,we reason mu* conc]n+ ! educative value
 ( c>p5try1 ( ! v>i\s =ms ( manual skill
 9 wood & iron1 ( weav+1 g>d5+1 & cook+1
 ( ! "w ( %oemak]1 basket-mak]1 & pott]1
 & ( ! educative value ( ^! con/ructive 
activities2 = ! purposes ( univ]sal     
education1 is x n ( equal importance t  
*ildr5 become skill$ 9 ! hi/rionic art1 
9 ! apt int]pretation & expression (    
good mann]s1 9 t deep] social insight & 
v]satile tact :i* are ! con/ructive     
elem5ts 9 conduct8 ,or1 putt+ x 9 a m   
obvi\s =m1 is x any m important = a     
p]son to "k h[ to con/ruct a bookcase or
 ev5 a /eam-eng9e1 ?an to %ape 8 spee*  
or conduct skilfully 9 meet+ a bo>d (   
education or a bus9ess manag]4  ,x is n 
! purpose ( ! s*ool to educate play]s or

 public read]s1 any m ?an to tra9       
c>p5t]s or ma*9i/s4 ,b ! read+ ex]cises 
9 s*ool %\ld culm9ate 9 ! ability to    
sympa!tically int]pret a consid]able    
v>iety ( human life & "* z pres5t$ 9 our
 be/ lit]ature4 ,mod]n educators1 h[ev]1
 are n satisfi$1 9 any important /udy1 )
 !oretical k d]iv$ f books4 ,!y dem& t k
 %all pass ov] into "s sort ( practice &
 use4 ,read+ passes naturally & )\t a   
break f ! int]pretation ( life to its   
embodim5t 9 conduct4 ,9 ?is important   
respect x is ! mo/ practical ( all      
/udies4 ,its subject matt]1 d]iv$ f     
lit]ature1 consi/s l>gely ( an int]e/+  
v>iety ( typical & arti/ically beautiful
 "* del9eations f ! h&s ( ! supreme ma/]
 ( ?is art4 ,dramatic repres5tation is !
 la/ & indisp5sable /ep 9 ! art ( read+2
 & ! int]e/ t naturally atta*es to x1 f 
e>ly *ildhood up ?r\gh all ! /ages (    
gr[?1 removes "o *ief ob/acle to its    
introduction4  ,keep+ 9 m9d t wisdom1   
skill1 & v]satility 9 conduct are !     
natural & appropriate outcome (         

successful dramatic repres5tation1 x is 
n at all extravagant to say t ! av]age  
*ild w h f> m use = ?is result1 bo? n[ &
 9 all ! vicissitudes ( lat] life1 ?an =
 skill 9 c>p5try1 or ironwork1 or weav+1
 etc4  ,nor h we any disposition to     
detract f ! value usually attribut$ to  
manual tra9+ 9 its v>i\s =ms by its     
advocates4  ,x is n uncommon = tea*]s   
g5]ally to employ ! dialogue =m :5 !    
selection admits ( x1 & to assign ! p>ts
 to diff]5t *ildr54 ,our purpose1 h[ev]1
 9 ! full] discussion & emphasis ( !    
dramatic elem5t is to sugge/ a m lib]al 
employm5t ( dramatic selections1 & to   
provide = a mu* full] dramatic          
repres5tation1 us+ simple1 inexp5sive   
co/umes & /age surr\nd+s :]e possible4  
,:5 we exam9e 9 detail ! numb] (        
dramatic selections 9 a set ( read]s1 or
 among ! ma/]pieces sometimes read 9 !  
classes bel[ ! high s*ool1 we %all f9d a
 numb] ( purely dramatic works4 ,!      
,m]*ant ( ,v5ice & ,julius ,caes> are   
well adapt$ to sev5? & eigh? grades1 &  

!re are _m selections 9 :i* ! dialogue  
is an important feature1 z 9 ,! ,cricket
 on ! ,he>?1 ,k+ ( ! ,gold5 ,riv]1      
,tanglewood ,tales1 ,lady ( ! ,lake1    
,m>mion1 ,pilgrim's ,progress1          
,gr&fa!r's ,*air1 & _m o!rs4  ,!        
,c\rt%ip ( ,miles ,/&i% has be5 publi%$ 
9 a =m specially adapt$ = s*ool         
exhibitions by ,h\ghton1 ,miffl91  ,co4 
,longfell['s ,giles ,corey ( ! ,salem   
,f>ms1 9 ! ,riv]side ,s]ies1 is a drama 
well suit$ to six? grade4 ,! /ory (     
,william ,tell1 d]iv$ f ,s*ill]'s drama1
 is adapt$ to six? & possibly to fif?   
grade4  ,"s ( ! ballads are ca/ 9 ! =m (
 ! dialogue1 & c be easily treat$ s 9 ! 
s*ool1 z ,pr\d ,lady ,m>g>et1 ,rob9     
,hood & ! ,wid['s ,sons1 ,k+ ,john & !  
,abbot ( ,cant]bury1 & _m o!rs4 ,! ,rob9
 ,hood /ories are full ( dialogue & c\ld
 be easily dramatiz$1 & s ) ,uncle      
,tom's ,cab91 & o!rs4  ,an exam9ation ( 
our lit]ature f ?is po9t ( view w       
discov] a /rong dramatic elem5t 9 a l>ge
 portion ( x1 & ! cultivation ( ?is _s w

 qualify ! *ildr5 = a bett] appreciation
 ( _m ( ! great works4  #e4 ,treatm5t ( 
! ,odyssey4  ,! ,odyssey is probably z  
well kn[n z any ma/]piece 9 ! _w's      
lit]ature4 ,= ! sake ( illu/ration1     
!re=e1 we w ent] ^u a brief discussion (
 ! mode ( h&l+ x z a unit 9 ! s*ool4    
,!re are abundant s\rces 9 ,engli% f :i*
 ! tea*] c get an adequate k ( ?is great
 poem )\t us+ ! orig9al ,greek4 ,a few (
 ! lead+ books :i* ! tea*] may consult  
are z foll[s3 ,! ,/ory ( ,ulysses       
7,cook74 ,a v simple1 abbreviat$        
n>rative ( ,ulysses' w&]+s1 sometimes   
us$ z a read+ book 9 f\r? or fif? grade4
 7,public ,s*ool ,publi%+ ,co47--,lamb's
 ,adv5tures ( ,ulysses4 ,a pleas+ prose 
r5d]+ ( ! *ief incid5ts ( ! /ory1 m     
difficult ?an ! prec$+4 ,sometimes us$ z
 a read]4 7,g9n  ,co47--,*ur*'s ,/ories 
( ! ,old ,_w1 9 :i* ,! ,adv5tures (     
,ulysses =ms a *apt]4 ,a good %ort      
treatm5t ( ! /ory 9 simple language4    
7,g9n  ,co47--,ulysses among !          
,phaeacians1 consi/+ ( selections f five

 books ( ! ,odyssey z translat$ into    
v]se by ,bryant4 ,?is seems well adapt$ 
= use z a read+-book 9 f\r? or fif?     
grade1 & w be discuss$ m fully z su*4   
7,h\ghton1 ,miffl91  ,co47--,! ,odyssey 
( ,hom] by ,palm]1 is an excell5t       
prose-poetic r5d]+ ( ! :ole poem1 & is (
 great s]vice to ! tea*]4 7,h\ghton1    
,miffl91  ,co47--,ano!r excell5t prose  
translation1 by ,but*] & ,lang1 has be5 
mu* us$4 7,! ,macmillan ,co47--,bryant's
 ,hom]'s ',odyssey1' a complete poetic  
r5d]+ ( ! :ole tw5ty-f\r books ( ! poem1
 is probably ! be/ basis = s*ool ref]5ce
 & /udy ( ! poem4--,national ,epics1 by 
,rabb1 has a good n>rative &            
introduction = ! ,odyssey1 & a li/ (    
critical ref]5ces4 7,a4 ,c4 ,mc,clurg   
,co47--,art & ,humanity 9 ,hom]1 by     
,lawton1 has an int]e/+ discussion ( !  
,odyssey4 ,o!r fam\s translations ( !   
:ole ,odyssey 7 made by ,alex&] ,pope1  
,william ,c[p]1 ,george ,*apman1 & o!rs4
  ,x is n unusual 9 s*ools = tea*]s to  
give *ildr5 ( ! ?ird or f\r? grade an   

oral introduction to ! :ole /ory 9 a    
s]ies ( lessons4 ,?is requires skill 9  
pres5t+ & discuss+ ! episodes1 & %\ld be
 att5d$ by good oral reproductions by ! 
*ildr54 ,su* oral "w %\ld be done 9     
di/9ct lessons ap>t f ! regul> read+4   
,lat]1 9 f\r? or fif? grade1 ! /ory is  
sometimes read 9 class f "o ( ! simple  
prose n>ratives ( ,miss ,cook1 or ,lamb1
 or ,*ur*4 ,9 ! fif? or six? grade1     
,ulysses among ! ,phaeacians =ms an     
int]e/+ read+-book1 ) :i* to acqua9t !  
*ildr5 m fully ) ! poetic beauty &      
descriptive detail ( ! orig9al1 s f> z x
 c be secur$ 9 ,engli%4 ,9 connection ) 
su* read+ x may be int]e/+ to *oose f   
,bryant's complete translation o!r      
select$ p>ts ( ! /ory1 & enc\rage !     
*ildr5 to read !m1 if books f ! libr>y  
or homes c be provid$4  ,we may dwell = 
a mom5t ^u ^? qualities ( ,hom]'s /ory  
:i* h comm&$ ! admiration ( ! great     
poets 9 diff]5t ages & c\ntries4 ,!     
peculi> poetic *>m & p[] ( ! orig9al    
,greek are probably untranslatable1     

al?\gh sev]al em95t poets h attempt$ x4 
,b we h at lea/ bo? prose & v]se r5d]+s 
( x t are beautiful & poetic4  ,"s ( !  
critics h said t ! :ole poem is a p]fect
 unit 9 ?\ght1--mu* m s ?an !           
,iliad1--c5tr+ 9 ! p]son ( ,ulysses4 ,8 
w&]+s & 8 f9al return con/itute ! ?read 
( ! n>rative4 ,9 ! ma9 x is a /ory (    
peace1 ) descriptions ( cities1 isl&s1  
palaces1 /range l&s1 & peaceful arts &  
mann]s4 ,aft] _! return f ,troy we meet 
,ne/or & ,m5elaus1 dwell+ happily 9 _!  
palaces & surr\nd$ ) home com=ts4       
,ulysses1 himself1 ! great suff]]1 is   
toss$ ab\t ! _w1 or held captive on     
sea-girt1 f>-away isl&s4 ,he passes     
?r\gh a s]ies ( wond]ful adv5tures1     
keep+ 8 al]tness & balance ( m9d s      
completely t 8 "n has become a synonym 9
 all l&s = %rewdness & f>-see+ wisdom4  
,& x is n only a wise p]ception1 b a    
self-control 9 ! mid/ ( old & new       
temptations :i* is mo/ rem>kable4 ,?is  
ov]-ma/]+ %rewdness or calculation ev5  
ov]does itself & becomes amus+1 :5 he   

tries1 = example1 to deceive 8 gu>dian  
goddess z to :o he is4 ,! descriptions (
 wom5 & ( dome/ic life are fam\s &      
delightful4 ,! con/ancy ( ,p5elope1 h]  
indu/ry & %rewdness 9 outwitt+ !        
suitors1 h giv5 h] a supreme place among
 ! wom5 ( /ory4 ,! descriptions (       
peaceful mann]s & cu/oms1 ( public      
games1 ( fea/+ & music1 ( palace halls &
 ornam5t1 are among ! great lit]>y      
pictures ( ! _w4  ,! p>ticul> adv5tures 
?r\gh :i* ,ulysses pass$ ) ,circe1 ) !  
,sir5s1 ) ,polyphemus1 ) ,eolus1 ) !    
lotus-eat]s1 & o!rs1 are pla9ly         
sugge/ive ( ! dang]s :i* ?reat5 !       
?\ghtless m9d$1 ^? :o plunge headlong   
into dang] )\t =e?\ght4 ,ulysses does n 
give way to folly or passion1 is bold & 
skilful 9 dang]1 & p]sev]+ to ! la/     
extreme4  ,9 ! treatm5t ( ! ,odyssey1 ! 
tea*] w ne$ a g5]al k ( ,greek my?ology1
 :i* c be easily d]iv$ f ,greek ,gods1  
,h]oes1 & ,m5 7,scott1 ,=esman1  ,co471 
& f sev]al o!r ( ! ref]5ce books4 ,"s   
/udy ( ,greek ar*itecture1 sculpture1 & 

modes ( life w be in/ructive & helpful1 
z giv5 9 ,smi?'s ,hi/ory ( ,greece & o!r
 hi/ories4 ,pictures ( ,greek temples & 
ru9s1 sculpture1 & palaces w be pleas+ &
 attractive to *ildr54 7,see ,luebke's  
,hi/ory ( ,art1 ,vol4 ,i1 ,dodd1 ,mead1 
,co47 ,"s ( ! *ildr5's books also conta9
 good pictures4  ,a good map1 indicat+ !
 suppos$ w&]+s ( ,ulysses 9 !           
,m$it]ranean1 is giv5 9 sev]al ( !      
books1 e4g4 9 ,palm]'s ,odyssey1 & fixes
 _m ( ! mo/ int]e/+ ev5ts ( ! /ory4 ,!  
tea*] %\ld n ov]look ! geography ( !    
/ory & its relation to ?is & lat] /udies
 9 hi/ory1 lit]ature1 & geography4  ,9  
us+ ,ulysses among ! ,phaeacians z a    
read] 9 f\r? or fif? grade1 ! fir/ unit 
( /udy is ! voyage ( ,ulysses on 8 raft1
 f ! "t ( leav+ ,calypso till he is     
wreck$ by ! /orm & driv5 ^u ! isl& (    
,s*]ia1 ! home ( ! ,phaeacians4 ,we w   
sugge/ a few po9ts 9 ! treatm5t4 ,!     
suppos$ places & ! r\te ( ! voyage c be 
trac$ on ! map4 ,let ! tea*] sket* x on 
! bo>d 9 assign+ ! lesson4 ,sugge/ t !  

*ildr5 locate 9 ! sky ! />s &           
con/ellations by :i* ,ulysses is to     
direct 8 c\rse4 ,! /ory ( ! con/ruction 
( ! raft on :i* ,ulysses is to make ?is 
j\rney1 j prec$+ ?is "p ( ! /ory1 c\ld  
be read to ! class by ! tea*]1 z x is n 
conta9$ 9 ^! extracts4 ,9 l5g? ( "t h[  
does ?is voyage comp>e ) a voyage across
 ! ,atlantic to-day8 ,:y is x said1 9   
l9e #cbi1 t ! ,great ,be> alone dips n  
into ! wat]s ( ! deep8  ,f previ\s      
/udies1 ! *ildr5 may be able to tell (  
,ulysses' /ay ^u ! isl& ) ,calypso4 ,:at
 may ! *ildr5 "k ( ,neptune8 ,:y is he  
ang]$ ) ,ulysses8 ,a picture ( ,neptune 
) ! trid5t is 9 place4 ,expla9 !        
expression :ile f above ! night fell    
sudd5ly4 ,0 ,ulysses ju/ifi$ 9 say+1 ,n[
 mu/ ,i die a mis]able dea?8 ,9 spite ( 
! desp]ate /orm1 9 :at ways does        
,ulysses /ruggle to save 8 life8 ,h[ d !
 gods assi/ him8 ,9 :at way does ?is    
exp]i5ce ( ,ulysses rem9d u ( ,rob9son  
,crusoe's %ipwreck & escape8  ,) h[ _m  
m5 _h ,ulysses />t$ on 8 way to ,troy8  

,n[ he alone escapes aft] great suff]+ &
 hopeless buffet+s4 ,9 :at way dur+ ?is 
voyage & %ipwreck did ,ulysses display 8
 accu/om$ %rewdness & =esight8 ,aft]    
l&+1 :at dang]s did he /ill fe>8  ,!    
ne>ly ?ree hundr$ l9es ( ,book ,v1 :i*  
give ?is acc\nt ( ,ulysses' voyage &    
%ipwreck1 w require sev]al lessons1 & ! 
above que/ions are b a few ( ^? rais$ 9 
its read+ & discussion4 ,:5 ,neptune1   
,ulysses1 or ,ino speak1 let ! speak] be
 imp]sonat$ s z to give great] =ce &    
reality4 ,9 ! next book 7,,vi71 !re is m
 ( dialogue & bett] opportunity = v>iety
 ( mann] & voice4  ,x w\ld be t$i\s to  
ent] into fur!r detail sugge/+ que/ions4
 ,b we may believe t a spirit$ treatm5t 
( ?is "p ( ! /ory ( ,ulysses 9 read+    
lessons1 includ+ 8 /ay & treatm5t among 
! ,phaeacians1 w give ! *ildr5 mu*      
appreciation ( ! beauty & p[] ( ?is old 
/ory4 ,by means ( occasional read+s (   
o!r select$ p>ts ( ! ,odyssey1 f ,bryant
 or ,palm]1 "s ( ! mo/ /rik+ pictures 9 
! /ory ( 8 w&]+s c be pres5t$4 ,ev5 !   

*ildr5 may f9d "t = "s ( ?is additional1
 outside read+4 ,9 any ev5t ! /ory (    
,ulysses1 z a piece ( great lit]ature1 c
 ?us be br\ght home to ! und]/&+s &     
he>ts ( *ildr51 & w con/itute h5ce=w>d a
 "p ( t ri* furniture ( ! m9d :i* we    
call culture4   ,,summ>y ,,(            
,,significant ,,po9ts ,,9 ,,read+  #a4  
,! tea*]'s ef=t is fir/ direct$ to a    
vivid int]pretation ( ! au?or's ?\ght & 
feel+1 & lat] to an expressive r5d]+ ( !
 ?\ght4  #b4 ,e ex]tion %\ld be made to 
lead ! *ildr5 to an absorb$ & int]e/$   
att5tion 9 ! selections4  #c4 ,! au?or's
 lead+ motive 9 ! :ole selection %\ld be
 firmly grasp$ by ! tea*]4 ,by c5tr+ all
 discussion t[>d ?is motive1 unnecess>y 
digressions w be avoid$4  #d4 ,! tea*] w
 h>dly tea* well unless he has saturat$ 
himself ) ! _s ( ! selection1 & enjoys  
x4 ,to ?is end he ne$s n only to /udy ! 
selection1 b also ! hi/orical1          
geographical1 biographical1 & o!r       
side-lights4  #e4 ,! tea*] ne$s great   
fre$om & v]satility 9 ! use ( 8         

mat]ials4 ,w>m?1 animation1 & fre$om (  
mann] are necess>y4  #f4 ,*ildr5 (t5 d n
 "k h[ to /udy a read+ lesson4 ,9 !     
assignm5t & 9 ! way ( h&l+ ! lesson !y  
%\ld be taught h[ to get at x1 h[ to    
und]/& & enjoy x4  #g4 ,9 ! assignm5t ( 
! lesson ! ?\ght ( ! piece %\ld be op5$ 
up 9 an int]e/+ way1 & su* difficulties 
z *ildr5 are n likely to grapple ) &    
ma/] = !mselves po9t$ out & approa*$4   
,difficult words ne$ to be pron\nc$ &   
h>d passages expla9$4  #h4 ,! assignm5t 
%\ld be unmi/akably cle> & def9ite1 s z 
to insure a good seat /udy4  #i4 ,! seat
 /udy %\ld be *iefly on p>ts already    
discuss$ 9 class4  #aj4 ,dur+ !         
recitation prop]1 /rong class att5tion  
by all ! memb]s ( ! class is a fir/     
necessity4 ,mu* k1 al]tness1 & skill are
 necess>y to secure ?is4 ,"o mu/ keep   
all ! memb]s ( ! class 9 ! eye          
con/antly1 & di/ribute ! que/ions & "w  
among !m promptly & judici\sly1 s z to  
secure conc5trat$ ef=t4  #aa4 ,! tea*] c
 (t5 judge a recitation bett] )\t look+ 

at ! book :ile ! class is read+4  #ab4  
,skill 9 que/ion+ is v useful 9 read+   
lessons4    7a7 ,que/ions to ar\se !    
?\ght %\ld appeal to ! exp]i5ce         
( *ildr54    7b7 ,que/ions to br+ out ! 
mean+ ( words or passages1 or         to
 expose errors or to develop ?\ght1 %\ld
 be cle> &         specific1 n long &   
ambigu\s4  #ac4 ,let ! tea*] be satisfi$
 ) reasonable answ]s1 & n insi/ on !    
precise v]bal =m pres5t to 8 own m9d4   
#ad4 ,! tea*] ne$s to awak5 /rongly !   
imag9ation 9 pictur+ sc5es1 9 int]pret+ 
poetic images & figures1 & 9 imp]sonat+ 
*>act]s4 ,! picture-=m+ p[] is /imulat$ 
by apt que/ions1 by sugge/ion ( ! tea*]1
 by int]pretation1 by appeal to         
exp]i5ce1 by dramatic action4  #ae4 ,!  
use ( ! dialogue & dramatic             
repres5tation is among ! be/ means (    
awak5+ int]e/ & produc+ fre$om &        
self-=getfulness4  #af4 ,! pupil %\ld   
give 8 own int]pretation1 subject to    
correction1 & int]pret p>ts 9 relation  
to ! :ole4  #ag4 ,)\t too mu* loss ( "t 

*ildr5 %\ld le>n to help !mselves 9     
ov]com+ difficulties 9 solv+ problems4  
#ah4 ,sometimes x is well = *ildr5 to   
come prep>$ to ask def9ite que/ions on  
p>ts !y d n und]/&4  #ai4 ,! t5d5cy to m
 indep5d5t & mature ?9k+ is enc\rag$ by 
comp>+ simil> ideas1 figures ( spee*1 & 
language 9 diff]5t poems & f diff]5t    
au?ors4  #bj4 ,!re %\ld be mu* effective
 read+ & n mu* m]e oral reproduction4 ,!
 p>aphrase may be us$ at times to give !
 pupil a l>g] view ( ! cont5t ( ! piece4
  #ba4 ,let ! pupil read+ feel          
responsible = giv+ to ! class ! cont5t (
 ! pr9t$ page4 ,(t5 x is be/ to face !  
class4  #bb4 ,! tea*] %\ld occasionally 
read a passage 9 ! be/ /yle = ! pupils1 
n = direct imitation1 b to sugge/ !     
high] ideals & _s ( good read+4 ,a high 
/&>d is ?us set up4  #bc4 ,*ildr5 %\ld  
be enc\rag$ to le>n by he>t ! passages  
!y l4 ,9 ! mid/ ( ! recitation x is well
 occasionally to memorize a passage4    
#bd4 ,! tea*] mu/ drill himself 9       
cle>-cut enunciation ( %ort v[els1 f9al 

consonants1 & pure v[el s\nds4          
,cultivate also a quick e> = accurate   
enunciation 9 ! pupils & = pleas+ tones4
 ,frequ5t drill ex]cise1 s+ly & 9       
conc]t1 is necess>y4  #be4 ,use +5uity  
by indirect me?ods to ov]come nasality1 
/utt]+1 n]v\sly rapid read+1 slov5ly &  
c>eless expression1 monotone1 & s+song4 
#bf4 ,by means ( physical tra9+1 deep   
brea?+1 vigor\s ?\ght "w1 enc\rage to   
self-reliant mann] & good physical      
position4  #bg4 ,give v>iety to ea*     
lesson2 avoid monotony & humdrum4  #bh4 
,ea* lesson %\ld emphasize a p>ticul>   
aim1 det]m9$ by ! nature ( ! selection  
or by ! previ\s bad habits & faults ( ! 
*ildr5 9 read+4 ,x is impossible to give
 prop] emphasis to all ?+s 9 ea* lesson1
 & indef9it5ess & monotony are ! result4
     ,,*apt] ,,vi  ,,! ,,value ,,(      
,,classics ,,to ,,! ,,tea*]   ,9        
discuss+ ! value & fruitfulness ( ?is   
field ( /udy to *ildr51 x is impossible 
to =be> ! sugge/ion ( its scope &       
significance = tea*]s4 ,if ! ma/]s (    

song & expression are able to "w s      
/rongly ^u ! immature m9ds ( *ildr51 h[ 
mu* deep] ! influ5ce ^u ! mature &      
?\ghtful m9ds ( tea*able tea*]s6 ,!y    
above all o!rs %\ld h dispositions      
receptive ( ! be/ educational influ5ces4
 ,! duties & exp]i5ces ( _! daily "w    
pr$ispose !m t[>d an e>ne/ & tea*able   
_s4 ,9 v _m cases1 !re=e1 _! m9ds are   
wide op5 to ! reception ( ! be/4 ,& h[  
deep & wide & _m-sid$ is ?is            
enfran*isem5t ( ! s\l ?r\gh lit]ature6  
,x is a gateway to hi/ory2 n1 h[ev]1 t  
ca/away %ell :i* our text-books1 9 ! =m 
( a dull recital ( facts1 call hi/ory2 b
 its he>t & s\l1 ! liv+1 brea?+ m5 &    
wom51 ! s\rce & inc5tive ( great        
movem5ts & /ruggles t[>d ! light4       
,lit]ature does n make ! /udy ( hi/ory  
sup]flu\s1 b x puts a purpose into      
hi/ory :i* lies deep] ?an ! facts1 x    
sifts out ! :eat f ! *aff1 ca/s aside ! 
sup]ficial & accid5tal1 & gets d[n into 
! deep curr5t ( ev5ts :]e liv+ causes   
are at "w4  ,! ,c\rt%ip ( ,miles ,/&i%1 

= example1 is deep] & /rong] ?an hi/ory 
because x idealizes ! /]n & rigid       
qualities ( ! ,puritan1 :ile ,john ,ald5
 & ,priscilla t\* a deep] univ]sal      
sympa?y1 & body =? 9 =ms ( beauty t     
puls+ human love :i* ant$ates ! ,puritan
 & und]lies all =ms ( religion &        
society4  ,illu/rative cases h be5 giv5 
9 suffici5t abundance to %[ t lit]ature1
 among o!r ?+s1 has a /rong political   
side4 ,x grasps ) a ma/] h& ^? que/ions 
:i* involve true patriotism4 ,x exalts  
!m into ideals1 & fires ! he>ts ( ! p to
 devotion & sacrifice = _! fulfilm5t4   
,burke's ,oration on ! ,am]ican ,w> is1 
to "o :o has /udi$ ,am]ican hi/ory1 an  
a/oni%+ confirmation ( h[ righte\s &    
f>-sight$ 7 ! pr9ciples = :i* ,samuel   
,adams & ! o!r patriots /ruggl$ at !    
op5+ ( ! ,revolution4 ,web/]'s spee* at 
,bunk] ,hill is a graphic & f]v5t       
retrospect on ! pa/ ( a great /ruggle1 &
 a prophetic view ( ! swell+ tide (     
individual1 social1 & national well-be+4
  ,if ! tea*] is to int]pret hi/ory to  

s*ool *ildr51 he mu/ le>n to grasp :at  
is ess5tial & vital2 he mu/ be able to  
discrim9ate betwe5 ^? ev5ts :i* are     
trivial & ^? ( la/+ conc]n4 ,! /udy (   
our be/ ,am]ican lit]ature w reveal to  
him ?is di/9ction1 & make him a ke5 &   
compreh5sive critic ( political affairs4
  ,b>nett1 9 8 ,common ,s5se 9          
,education & ,tea*+ 7p4 #agj71 says3--  
,9 ! second place1 lit]ature provides u 
) hi/orical l&m>ks4 ,we _c be said to   
und]/& ! g5]al 'hi/ory' ( a p>ticul> "t 
unless we "k some?+ ( ! ?\ght t /irr$   
its mo/ subtle ?9k]s1 & int]pret$ & made
 articulate ! _s ( ! times 9 :i* !y     
liv$4 ,! mo/ notable facts 9 ! hi/ory ( 
! times ( ,edw>d ,,iii1 ( ,elizabe?1 & (
 ,victoria are t ,*auc] & ,%akespe>e &  
,t5nyson & _! contempor>ies liv$ &      
wrote4 ,political hi/ory1 social hi/ory1
 economic hi/ory1 ev5 ecclesia/ical     
hi/ory1 are all reflect$1 illu/rat$1 &  
int]pret$ by :at we f9d 9 ! great works 
( contempor>y lit]ature4  ,*>les        
,k+sley1 9 8 ,lit]>y & ,g5]al ,essays   

7p4 #bdi71 holds a l op9ion3--  ,i said 
t ! ages ( hi/ory 7 analog\s to ! ages (
 man1 & t ea* age ( lit]ature 0 ! true/ 
picture ( ! hi/ory ( its day1 & = ?is v 
reason ,engli% lit]ature is ! be/1      
p]haps ! only1 tea*] ( ,engli% hi/ory1  
to wom5 especially4 ,= x seems to me t x
 is pr9cipally by ! help ( su* an ext5d$
 lit]>y c\rse t we c cultivate a j &    
enl>g$ ta/e :i* w connect education ) ! 
deepe/ feel+s ( ! he>t4  ,lit]ature is  
also a mirror t reflects _m sides (     
social life & usage4 ,!re is no "p ( a  
tea*]'s education t is s vital to 8     
practical success z social culture4     
,john ,locke's ,?\ghts on ,education    
are1 9 ! ma91 an inquiry into ! me?ods &
 means by :i* an ,engli% g5tleman c be  
=m$4 ,! aim ( ! tutor :o has ?is        
difficult task is n *iefly to give      
le>n+1 to fill ! m9d ) in=mation1 to    
develop m5tality1 b to tra9 ! practical 
judgm5t 9 h>mony ) g5tlemanly conduct4  
,! tutor1 himself a s*ol>1 is to "k !   
_w1 its ins & outs1 its v>ieties (      

social di/9ction & usage1 its sn>es &   
pitfalls1 its wise m5 & fools4 ,! *ild  
is to le>n to look ! _w 9 ! face &      
und]/& x1 to "k himself & to be ma/] (  
himself & ( 8 conduct1 to appreciate o!r
 p 9 _! moods & *>act]s1 & to adapt     
himself prud5tly & ) tact to ! practical
 ne$s4 ,! g5tleman :om ,locke sets up z 
8 ideal is n a fa%ion-plate figure1 n a 
draw+-room gallant1 b a cle>-head$ man  
:o und]/&s o!r p & himself1 & has be5 l$
 by ins5sible degrees to s %ape 8       
habitual conduct z mo/ wisely to answ] 8
 ne$s 9 ! real _w4 ,em]son1 ) all 8 l(ty
 idealism & unconv5tionalism1 has an    
ideal ( education ne>ly ak9 to t (      
,locke4 ,?is social ideal ( ,locke &    
,em]son is "o t ,am]ican tea*]s c well  
af=d to pond]4 ,z a nation1 we h be5    
accu/om$ to ?9k t a c]ta9 am\nt (       
r\ghness & boori%ness 0 necess>y z a    
veil to cov] ! /ronge/ manly qualities4 
,smoo?ness & tact & poli%1 h[ev]        
successful !y may be 9 real life1 are1  
!oretically at lea/1 at a disc\nt4 ,!   

,adamses1 ,jeff]son1 ,jackson1 ,l9coln1 
,?oreau1 7 m5 :o did viol5ce 9 a good _m
 ways to social usages1 & we may admire 
_! faults ov]mu*4  ,to ! tea*] :o /&s 9 
! pres5ce ( ?irty or fifty di/9ct       
species ( incipi5t m5 & wom51 social    
insight & culture1 ! ability to         
appreciate ea* 9 8 individual traits1 8 
/r5g? or weakness1 are a prime ess5tial 
to good educative "w4  ,n[1 !re are two 
av5ues ?r\gh :i* social culture is      
atta9able1--contact ) m5 & wom5 9 !     
social environm5t :i* envelops u all1 & 
lit]ature4 ,lit]ature is1 fir/ ( all1 a 
hundr$-sid$ revelation ( human conduct z
 spr++ f motive4 ,irv+1 ,haw?orne1      
,longfell[1 ,holmes1 & ,l[ell are       
reveal]s ( humanity4 ,/ill m s are      
,dick5s & ,eliot & ,%akespe>e & ,goe!4  
,to /udy ^! au?ors is n simply to enjoy 
! graphic p[] ( an arti/1 b to look into
 ! lives ( s _m v>ieties ( m5 & wom54   
,!y lay b>e ! he>t & its inw>d prompt+s4
 ,our appreciation = _m =ms ( life "u   
widely diff]+ conditions is awak5$4 ,we 

come 9 t\* ) ^? typical v>ieties ( m5 & 
wom5 :om we %all daily meet if we w b   
notice4 ,x broad5s "o's p]ceptions &    
sympa?ies1 x reveals ! _m-sid$ness (    
human life4 ,x sugge/s to a tea*] t !   
=ty v>ieties ( humanity 9 h] s*oolroom  
are n aft] "o patt]n1 nor to be         
manipulat$ accord+ to a s+le device4  ,!
 social life t surr\nds ea* "o ( u is   
small & limit$4 ,our intimate           
companion%ips are few1 & we c see deeply
 into ! inn] life ( b a small portion   
ev5 ( ^? ab\t u4 ,! deep] life ( ?\ght &
 feel+ is l>gely cov]$ up )             
conv5tionalities & ext]nalities4 ,b 9 ! 
works ( ! be/ noveli/s1 dramati/s1 &    
poets1 we may look abroad into ! :ole _w
 ( "t & place1 ^u an inf9ite v>iety (   
social conditions1 & we are p]mitt$ to  
see directly into ! inn] ?\ght & motive1
 ! v s\l ( ! actors4 ,yet fidelity to   
human nature & real life is claim$ to be
 ! peculi> m]it ( ^! great writ]s4 ,by !
 common cons5t ( critics1 ,%akespe>e is 
! pr9ce ( "* del9eators4 ,s*legel says (

 him3--  ,%akespe>e's k ( mank9d has    
become prov]bial2 9 ?is 8 sup]iority is 
s great t he has ju/ly be5 call$ ! ma/] 
( ! human he>t4 ,a read9ess to rem>k !  
m9d's fa9t] & involunt>y utt]ances1 & ! 
p[] to express ) c]ta9ty ! mean+ ( ^!   
signs1 z det]m9$ by exp]i5ce &          
reflection1 con/itute '! obs]v] ( m54'  
,aft] all1 a man acts s because he is s4
 ,& :at ea* man is1 t ,%akespe>e reveals
 to u mo/ imm$iately2 he dem&s & obta9s 
our belief1 ev5 = :at is s+ul> &        
deviates f ! ord9>y c\rse ( nature4     
,nev] p]haps 0 !re s compreh5sive a     
tal5t = *>act]ization z ,%akespe>e4 ,x n
 only grasps e div]sity ( rank1 age1 &  
sex1 d[n to ! lisp+s ( infancy2 n only d
 ! k+ & ! begg>1 ! h]o & ! pickpocket1 !
 sage & ! idiot1 speak & act ) equal    
tru?fulness2 n only does he transport   
himself to di/ant ages & =eign nations1 
& portray ) ! greate/ accuracy 7a few   
app>5t violations ( co/ume except$7 ! _s
 ( ! anci5t ,romans1 ( ! ,fr5* 9 ! w>s )
 ! ,engli%1 ( ! ,engli% !mselves dur+ a 

great "p ( _! hi/ory1 ( ! ,s\!rn        
,europeans 79 ! s]i\s "p ( _m com$ies71 
! cultivat$ society ( ! day1 & ! rude   
b>b>ism ( a ,norman =etime2 8 human     
*>act]s h n only su* dep? &             
individuality t !y d n admit ( be+      
class$ "u common names1 & are           
inexhau/ible ev5 9 conception1--no1 ?is 
,prome!us n m]ely =ms m51 he op5s !     
gates ( ! magical _w ( spirits4  ,:at is
 true ( ,%akespe>e 9 a preem95t degree  
is true to a m>k$ ext5t ( all ! great   
noveli/s & poets4  ,! tea*] ne$s to     
possess great v]satility & tact 9 social
 situations4 ,a quick insight1 social   
ease1 fre$om1 & self-possession are ( ! 
fir/ importance to him4 ,! p[] (        
sympa?y1 ( appreciation = o!rs' feel+s &
 difficulties1 is :olly dep5d5t ^u su*  
social cultivation4 ,o!rwise ! tea*] w  
be rude1 ev5 unc\? & boori% 9 mann]1    
produc+ friction & ill-w :]e tact &     
g5tl5ess w\ld br+ sympa?y & confid5ce4  
,_m p absorb ?is ref9em5t ( ?\ght &     
mann] f ! social circles ) :i* !y m+le1 

& x is1 ( c\rse1 a smil+ =tune t has    
plac$ a tea*]'s e>ly life 9 a happy &   
cultur$ atmosph]e1 :]e ! social         
sympa?ies & graces are absorb$ almo/    
unconsci\sly4 ,b ev5 :]e ! e>li]        
conditions h be5 less favorable1 !      
opportunity = rapid social developm5t & 
culture is mo/ promis+4 ,! numb]less    
cases 9 our c\ntry 9 :i* "y p1 by !     
/r5g? ( _! en]getic purpose & desire =  
improvem5t1 h rais$ !mselves n only to  
sup]ior k & s*ol>%ip1 b also to t f>    
great] ref9em5t ( social life & mann]   
:i* we call true culture1--! numb]less  
in/ances ( ?is sort are a surpris+      
indication ( ! p[] ( education4         
,lit]ature has be5 a pot5t ag5t 9 ?is   
direction4 ,x emancipates1 x sets free1 
! _s ( man4 ,x lifts him above :at is   
sordid & mat]ial1 & gives him ^? true   
/&>ds ( wor? ) :i* to measure all ?+s4  
,x conta9s )9 itself ! ref9+ elem5ts1 ! 
ae/hetic & e?ical ideals1 &1 be/ ( all1 
x portrays human life 9 all its ?\ght1  
feel+1 & passion ) su* int5sity &       

reali/ic fidelity t its tea*+ p[] is    
unp>allel$4  ,?is pot5tiality ( ! bett] 
lit]ature to produce su* noble results 9
 ! high] range ( culture is dep5d5t ^u  
conditions4 ,no "o w und]/& lit]ature :o
 does n /udy & und]/& ord9>y life z x   
surr\nds him2 :o does n con/antly draw  
^u 8 own exp]i5ce 9 int]pret+ ! *>act]s 
portray$ 9 books4 ,no /upid or          
unobs]vant p]son w be made wise ?r\gh   
books1 be !y nev] s *oice4 ,ev5 ! /ud5t 
:o works labori\sly at 8 text-books1 b  
has no eye nor c>e = ! p or do+s ab\t   
him1 is gett+ only ! me*anical side (   
education1 & is los+ ! bett] "p4 ,he :o 
w draw ri*es out ( books mu/ put 8      
intellect & sympa?y1 8 :ole en?usia/ic  
bett] self1 into !m4  ,! indwell+ virtue
 ( great books is t !y dem& ?is int5se  
awak5+1 ?is complete absorption ( ! :ole
 self4 ,! m9d ( a *ild & ( a man or     
woman has to /ret* itself to ! utmo/    
limit to take 9 ! message ( a great     
writ]4 ,"o feels ! old b>ri]s giv+ way &
 ! m9d exp&+ to ! conception ( l>g] ?+s4

 ,speak+ ( ! anci5t drama at ,a!ns1     
,%elley says1 ,! imag9ation is enl>g$ by
 a sympa?y ) pa9s & passions s mighty t 
!y di/5d 9 _! conception ! capacity ( t 
by :i* !y are conceiv$4  ,^? :o h       
receiv$ into ! inn] self ! expansive    
en]gy ( noble ?\ght & social culture1   
are ! bett] qualifi$1 f ! ri* v>iety ( !
 inn] life1 to act effectively ^u !     
complex conditions & =ces ( ! out] _w4  
,! tea*] ^: inn] life is teem+ ) ^! ri* 
sympa?ies & pot5t ideals w react )      
great] prud5ce & tact ^u ! kaleidoscopic
 conditions ( a s*ool4  ,practical      
social life & lit]ature are n di/9ct    
modes ( culture4 ,!y are "o1 !y int]act 
^u ea* o!r 9 scores ( ways4 ,give a     
tea*] social opportunities1 give him !  
be/ ( our lit]ature1 let ^! two "w _!   
full influ5ce ^u him1--!n1 if he _c     
become a tea*]1 x is a hopeless case4   
,let him g to ! %op1 to ! f>m1 to !     
legislature2 !re is no place = him 9 !  
s*oolroom4  ,lit]ature is also a %>p &  
cau/ic critic ( 8 own follies or        

foibles1 to "o :o c reflect4 ,x has a   
multitude ( surprises by :i* we are     
able1 z ,burns wi%$1--    ,to see       
oursels z i!rs see u4  ,ev5 ! s*oolma/] 
f9ds an occasional apt description (    
himself 9 lit]ature :i* x is (t5 int]e/+
 & ent]ta9+ = him to pond]4 ,"o ( ! mo/ 
famili> is t ( ,goldsmi? 9 ,! ,des]t$   
,village3--    ,beside yon /raggl+ f5ce 
t skirts ! way   ,) blossom$ furze      
unpr(itably gay1   ,!re1 9 8 noisy      
mansion1 skill'd to rule1   ,! village  
ma/] taught 8 little s*ool4   ,a man    
sev]e he 01 & /]n to view2   ,i knew him
 well1 & e truant knew3   ,well _h !    
bod+ trembl]s le>n'd to trace   ,! day's
 disa/]s 9 8 morn+ face2   ,full well !y
 laugh'd1 ) c\nt]feit$ glee1   ,at all 8
 jokes1 = _m a joke _h he2   ,full well 
! busy :isp]1 circl+ r\nd1   ,convey'd !
 dismal tid+s :5 he fr[n'd4   ,yet he 0 
k9d1 or1 if sev]e 9 aught1   ,! love he 
bore to le>n+ 0 9 fault4   ,! village   
all decl>'d h[ mu* he knew2   ',twas    
c]ta9 he c\ld write1 & ciph] too2   ,l&s

 he c\ld measure1 t]ms & tides presage1 
,& ev5 ! /ory ran t he c\ld gauge2   ,9 
argu+1 too1 ! p>son own'd 8 skill1   ,= 
ev5 ?\gh vanqui%'d he c\ld argue /ill2  
,:ile words ( le>n$ l5g? & ?und]+ s\nd  
,amaz'd ! gaz+ ru/ics rang$ ar\nd2   ,& 
/ill !y gaz'd1 & /ill ! wond] grew   ,t 
"o small head c\ld c>ry all he knew4  ,a
 l ent]ta9m5t & sugge/ion ( :at !       
s*oolma/] may be1 z se5 by o!rs1 are    
furni%$ by ,irv+'s ,i*abod ,crane4      
,william ,%5/one's description ( !      
s*oolmi/ress & ! s*ool ne> two hundr$   
ye>s ago 9 8 native village1 is v       
div]t+4 ,*>les ,dick5s's description (  
s*ools & s*oolma/]s is important 9 !    
hi/ory ( ,engl&1 &1 l 8 portrayals (    
*ild life g5]ally1 ( deep p$agogical    
wor? to tea*]s4  ,9 8 book1 ,!          
,s*oolma/] 9 ,lit]ature1 ,mr4 ,sk9n] has
 done a real s]vice to ! tea*+ _w 9 br++
 toge!r1 into a conv5i5t compilation f  
_m s\rces1 ! lit]ature be>+ directly ^u 
! s*oolma/]4 ,ev5 ! comic repres5tations
 & c>icatures are valuable 9 call+      

att5tion to common foibles & mann]isms1 
to say no?+ ( ! m s]i\s faults ( tea*]s4
  ,x is 9 lit]ature1 also1 & 9 ^? lives 
& sc5es f hi/ory :i* lit]>y arti/s h    
work$ up1 t ! tea*] c be/ develop 8 own 
moral ideals & /r5g!n ! gr\ndwork ( 8   
own moral "*4 ,! /ream w n rise above   
its s\rce1 & a tea*]'s moral influ5ce 9 
a s*ool w n rea* above ! inspirations f 
high s\rces :i* he himself has felt4 ,^?
 tea*]s :o h devot$ !mselves solely to !
 ma/]y ( ! texts !y tea*1 :o h read     
little f our be/ writ]s1 are draw+ ^u a 
sl5d] capital ( moral res\rce4 ,n ev5 if
 home influ5ces h laid a s\nd basis (   
moral habits are ^! suffici5t res]ves = 
! exig5cies ( tea*+4 ,! moral nature ( !
 tea*] ne$s con/ant /imulus to upw>d    
gr[+1 & ! *ildr5 ne$ examples1 ideal    
illu/rations1 life & blood imp]sonations
 ( ! virtues2 & lit]ature is ! *ief &   
only safe res]voir f :i* to draw !m4    
,we h already discuss$ ! moral value ( !
 "r books = *ildr54 ,! lessons ( ! great
 works are s pr(\nd 9 ?is respect t !y  

(f] a /ill wid] range ( /udy to ! tea*]4
 ,ev5 ! =emo/ ?9k]s & philosoph]s h f\nd
 !re9 an inexhau/ible s\rce ( tru? &    
wisdom4  ,9 ! ,=eword to 8 ,great ,books
 z ,life ,tea*]s1 ,newell ,dwight       
,hillis says1 ,= "s reason our g5]ation 
has clos$ its text-books on e?ics &     
morals1 & op5$ ! great poems1 essays1 & 
novels4 ,?is is a rem>kable /atem5t & is
 ! key-note to a sil5t b sweep+ *ange 9 
education4 ,he adds1 ,d\btless =        
?\ghtful p]sons ?is fact argues1 n a    
decl9e ( int]e/ 9 ! fundam5tal pr9ciples
 ( "r liv+1 b a desire to /udy ^!       
pr9ciples z !y are made fle% & embodi$ 9
 liv+ p]sons4 ,aga91 ,x seems important 
to rememb] t ! great noveli/s are       
consci\sly or unconsci\sly tea*]s (     
morals1 :ile ! mo/ fasc9at+ essays &    
poems are ess5tially books ( aspiration 
& spiritual culture4  ,x is sugge/ive to
 note t ?is fundam5tal text is work$ out
 9 8 book by *apt]s on ,rusk9's ,sev5   
,lamps ( ,ar*itecture1 ,george ,eliot's 
,romola1 ,haw?orne's ,sc>let ,lett]1    

,victor ,hugo's ,les ,mis]ables1        
,t5nyson's ,idylls ( ! ,k+1 & ,br[n+'s  
,saul4 ,?is sugge/s a fruitful l9e (    
/udies = e tea*]4  ,among mod]n         
essayi/s1 ,em]son1 ,c>lyle1 ,rusk91 &   
,mat!w ,arnold /& preem95t1 & !y are    
already well e/abli%$ among ! mightie/  
tea*]s ( our age1 & x may be1 ( _m to   
come4 ,sure x is t tea*]s c\ld n d bett]
 ?an put !mselves )9 e>%ot ( ^! resonant
 voices4 ,_! he>t-/r+s w vibrate & _!   
intellects w be /ret*$ to a full t5sion1
 n simply by ! music1 b by ! tru? :i*   
surges up & bur/s into utt]ance4 ,x is  
sc>cely a figure ( spee* to say t !     
lightn+ fla%es across _! pages4 ,! /++  
rebuke ( wrong1 ! noble ideals (        
righte\sness1 place !m among ! prophets 
^: tongues h be5 t\*$ ) fire f ! alt>4  
,besides ! hi/orical1 social1 & moral   
tuition = tea*]s 9 lit]ature1 !re are   
sev]al o!r important culture effects 9  
x4 ,! deepe/ religi\s inc5tives are     
t\*$1 nature 9 h] myriad phases is      
obs]v$ ) ! eye ( ! poet & sci5ti/1 & !  

ae/hetic side ( poetry & rhy?mic prose1 
its *>m & graces ( /yle1 its music &    
eloqu5ce1 "w _! influ5ce ^u ! read]4    
,lit]ature is a h>p ( _m /r+s1 & happy  
is t tea*] :o has le>n$ to detect its   
tones & ov]tones1 :o has li/5$ )        
pleasure to its v>i$ raptures1 & has    
felt t expansion ( s\l :i* x produces4  
,lit]ature1 9 ! s5se 9 :i* we h be5 us+ 
x1 has be5 call$ ! lit]ature ( p[]1 !   
lit]ature ( ! _s4 ,t is1 x has g5]ative1
 spiritual life4 ,x is n simple k1 x is 
k en]giz$1 *>g$ ) pot5cy4 ,x is k into  
:i* ! poet has brea!d ! brea? ( life4 ,!
 diff]5ce betwe5 b>e k & ! lit]ature (  
p[] is l ! diff]5ce betwe5 a p]fect     
/atue 9 /one & a liv+1 puls+1 human =m4 
,"o ( ! virtues ( lit]ature1 !re=e1 is !
 m5tal /imulus1 ! joy1 ! awak5+1 !      
int5sity ( ?\ght x spontane\sly calls   
=?4 ,textbooks are usually a bore1 b    
lit]ature is a natural res\rce ev5 9    
h\rs ( we>9ess4 ,:o w\ld dream ( enliv5+
 leisure h\rs or vacation re/ )         
text-books ( gramm>1 or ari?metic1 or   

hi/ory1 or sci5ce8 ,b ! poet soo!s )    
music1 solemn or gay1 accord+ to our    
*oice4 ,if we g to ! woods or lakes to  
escape our fri5ds1 we take "o ( ! ma/]s 
( song ) u4 ,aft] a day ( toil &        
we>9ess1 we c turn to ,evangel9e1 or    
,lady ( ! ,lake1 or ! ,vision ( ,sir    
,launfal1 & soon we are li/5+ to--    ,!
 murmur+ p9es & ! hemlocks1  or ! e*o ( 
! hunt]'s horn1--    ,! deep-m\!d       
bloodh\nd's heavy bay   ,res\nd$ up !   
rocky way1   ,& fa9t1 f f>!r di/ance    
borne1   ,7 he>d ! clang+ ho( & horn4   
,at a "t :5 we are n fit = ! irksome &  
p]functory prep>ation ( text-book       
lessons1 we are /ill capable ( receiv+  
abundant ent]ta9m5t or he>ty inspiration
 f ,w>n]'s ,h[ ,i kill$ a ,be>1 or      
,t5nyson's ,eno* ,ard51 or ,sleepy      
,holl[4 ,lit]ature is recreation 9 its  
d\ble s5se4 ,x gives re/ & relief1 & x  
builds up4  ,tea*]s %\ld %ake !mselves  
free f ! conviction t sev]e discipl9>y  
/udies are ! be/ "p ( education4 ,!y h  
_! well-m]it$ place4 ,b !re are high]   

spiritual f\nta9s f :i* to draw4 ,read !
 lives ( ,scott1 ,macaulay1 ,irv+1      
,haw?orne1 & ,em]son1 & discov] t ! ?+s 
we d ) ! greate/ inw>d spontaneity &    
pleasure & ease are (t5 ! be/4          
,lit]ature1 bo? 9 prose & v]se1 is :at !
 tea*] ne$s1 because our be/ au?ors are 
our be/ tea*]s 9 _! me?od ( h&l+ _!     
subjects4 ,!y "k h[ to f9d access to !  
read]'s m9d by mak+ _! ideas attractive1
 int]e/+1 & beautiful4 ,!y seem to "k h[
 to %>p5 ! edge ( tru? to r5d] x m ke5 &
 incisive4 ,!y drive tru? deep]1 s t x  
rema9s emb$d$ 9 ! life & ?\ght4 ,let a  
poet clo! an idea ) /r5g? & w+ x )      
fancy1 & x w f9d its way /raight to !   
he>t4 ,fir/ ( all1 ne>ly all our classic
 writ]s1 especially ^? we use 9 !       
grades1 h&le _! subjects f ! concrete1  
graphic1 picturesque side4 ,!y n only   
illu/rate abundantly f nature & real ?+s
 9 life2 !y ne>ly always individualize &
 p]sonify _! ideas4 ,virtue to a poet is
 no?+ unless x is imp]sonat$4 ,a true   
poet is nev] ab/ract or dry or =mal 9 8 

treatm5t ( a subject4 ,x is natural = a 
lit]>y arti/1 :e!r 9 v]se or prose1 to  
create pictures1 to put all 8 ideas into
 life =ms & br+ !m close to ! real ones 
9 nature4 ,hom]'s idea ( wisdom is      
,m9]va1 w> is ,m>s1 /r5g? is ,ajax1     
skill & prud5ce are ,ulysses1           
fai?fulness is ,p5elope4 ,dick5s does n 
talk ab\t s*oolma/]s 9 g5]al1 b (       
,sque]s4 ,%akespe>e's idea ( jeal\sy is 
n a def9ition1 n a =mula1 b ,o!llo4 ,^? 
books :i* h en?rall$ ! _w1 l ,rob9son   
,crusoe1 ,pilgrim's ,progress1          
,gulliv]'s ,travels1 ,arabian ,nights1  
,evangel9e1 ,ivanhoe1 ,m]*ant (         
,v5ice1--!y deal ) no =m ( classifi$ or 
g5]aliz$ k2 !y give u no def9itions1 !y 
are sc5es f real life4 ,!y /& among     
realities1 & _! roots are d[n 9 ! soil (
 ?+s4 ,!y are p]sons hemm$ 9 by ! close 
environm5t ( facts4  ,?is realism1 ?is  
objectify+ ( ?\ght1 ?is liv+ =m ( k1 is 
*>act]i/ic ( all great writ]s 9 prose or
 v]se4 ,! noveli/1 ! romanc]1 ! poet1 ! 
orator1 & ev5 ! essayi/1 w always put ! 

brea? ( reality into 8 "w by an infusion
 ( concret5ess1 ( graphic               
p]sonification4 ,! poet's fancy1 build+ 
out ( ! abundant mat]ials (             
s5se-exp]i5ce1 is :at gives color & w>m?
 to all 8 ?\ghts4 ,/rong writ]s make    
incessant use ( figures ( spee*4 ,_!    
?\ght mu/ clo! itself ) ! :ole panoply (
 imag]y & graphic repres5tation 9 ord]  
to be effici5t 9 ! w>f>e = tru?4  ,:at a
 lesson = ! tea*]6 ,:at models ^u :i* to
 develop 8 /yle ( ?9k+6 ,if ! tea*+     
pr(ession & its "w c\ld be weigh$ 9 !   
balance1 ! scale w\ld fall on ! side ( !
 ab/ract ) a heavy ?ud4 ,n t object     
lessons w save u4 ,!y only p>ody ! tru?4
 ,= ! object lesson z a sep>ate ?+ we h 
no use at all4 ,b to gr\nd e idea & e   
/udy 9 realism1 to pass up /eadily ?r\gh
 real objects & exp]i5ce to a p]ception 
( tru?s :i* h wide application1 to      
sci5ce--?is is ! true philosophy (      
tea*+4  ,! classic writ]s lead u ev5 "o 
gr& /ep beyond realism4 ,! fancy builds 
bett] ?an ! cold reason4 ,x adorns &    

ennobles ?\ght till x becomes full-fl$g$
 = ! flight t[>d ! ideal4  ,z ! poet1   
/&+ by ! sea-%ore1 pond]s ! life t has  
be5 9 ! n[ empty %ell wa%$ up f ! deep1 
8 fancy discov]s 9 ! %ell a resemblance 
to human life & de/9y1 & he cries3--    
,build !e m /ately mansions1 ,o my s\l1 
,z ! swift seasons roll6   ,leave ?y    
l[-vault$ pa/6   ,let ea* new temple1   
nobl] ?an ! la/1   ,%ut !e f heav5 ) a  
dome m va/1   ,till ?\ at l5g? art free1
   ,leav+ ?9e outgr[n %ell by life's    
unre/+ sea6  ,is x possible t "o c\ld   
fall "u ! sway ( ! poets & arti/s1      
appropriate _! images & fruitful /yle ( 
?\ght1 be wr\ght ^u by _! fancies1 &    
/ill rema9 dull & lifeless & prosaic 9 !
 class-room8 ,no wond] t true lit]ature 
has be5 call$ ! lit]ature ( p[]1 z      
di/+ui%$ f ! lit]ature ( k 7supplem5t>y 
read]s1 pure sci5ce1 in=mation books1   
etc474 ,! lives & works ( our be/ writ]s
 conta9 an expansive spiritual en]gy1   
:i*1 work+ into ! m9d ( a tea*]1 breaks 
! %ell ( me*anism & =mality4 ,! arti/   

gives bright t9ts & colors to ideas :i* 
w\ld o!rwise be fad$ & blea*$4  ,! /udy 
( ! be/ lit]ature adapt$ to *ildr5 9 ea*
 age is a fruitful =m ( psy*ology & *ild
 /udy4 ,! s]ies ( books select$ = !     
diff]5t grades is suppos$ to be adapt$  
to ! *ildr5 at ea* p]iod4 ,! books :i*  
suit ! temp] & ta/e ( *ildr5 9 prim>y   
grades are peculi> 9 quality1 & fit ^?  
pupils bett] ?an old] ones4 ,9          
int]m$iate classes ! boyhood _s1 :i*    
delights 9 my?1 physical de$s ( pr[ess1 
etc41 %[s itself1 & _m ( ! /ories1      
ballads1 & long] poems brea! ?is _s4 ,9 
gramm> grades ! exp&+1 matur+ m9ds (    
*ildr5 leap =w>d to ! appreciation ( m  
complex & ext5d$ =ms ( lit]ature :i*    
deal ) "s ( ! great problems ( life m   
s]i\sly1 z ,sn[-,b\nd1 ,evangel9e1 ,rog]
 de ,cov]ley1 ,m]*ant ( ,v5ice1 etc4    
,any poem or /ory :i* is suit$ to pupils
 ( ! common s*ool may g5]ally be us$ 9  
sev]al grades4 ,haw?orne's ,wond] ,book1
 = in/ance1 may be us$ any:]e f ! ?ird  
to ! eigh? grade by a skilful tea*]4 ,b 

= u ! important "q is1 to :at age (     
*ildr5 is x be/ adapt$8 ,:]e does its   
/yle ( ?\ght be/ fit ! temp] ( ! *ildr58
 ,! eigh? grade may read x & get        
pleasure & good f x1 b x does n come up 
to ! full measure ( _! ne$s4 ,*ildr5 ( !
 ?ird grade _c ma/] x ) suffici5t ease1 
b 9 ! latt] "p ( ! f\r? or fir/ "p ( !  
fif? grade x seems to exactly suit !    
wants1 t is1 ! spiritual wants1 ( !     
*ildr54 ,x w v>y1 ( c\rse1 9 diff]5t    
s*ools & classes4 ,n[1 x is a problem = 
our s]i\s consid]ation to det]m9e :at   
/ories to use & j :]e ea* belongs1 )9   
reasonable limits4 ,let u inquire :]e ! 
be/ culture effect c be realiz$ f ea*   
book us$1 :]e x is calculat$ to "w its  
be/ & /ronge/ influ5ce4 ,to accompli%   
?is result x is necess>y to /udy equally
 ! temp] ( ! *ildr5 & ! quality ( !     
books1 to seek ! prop] food = ! gr[+ m9d
 at its diff]5t /ages4 ,?is is n *iefly 
a matt] ( simplicity or complexity (    
language4 ,our read]s are l>gely grad$  
by ! difficulty ( language4 ,b lit]ature

 %\ld be di/ribut$ ?r\gh ! s*ool grades 
accord+ to its p[] to ar\se ?\ght &     
int]e/4 ,language w h to be reg>d$1 b z 
second>y4 ,look fir/ to ! ?\ght mat]ial 
:i* is to engage *ildr5's m9ds1 & !n =ce
 ! language into subs]vice to t end4 ,! 
f9al te/ to det]m9e ! place ( a         
selection 9 ! s*ool c\rse mu/ be !      
exp]im5t ( ! class-room4 ,we may ex]cise
 our be/ judgm5t be=eh&1 & lat] f9d t a 
classic belongs "o or two grades high]  
or l[] ?an we ?\ght4  ,we really ne$ "s 
compreh5sive pr9ciple ^u :i* to make !  
selection ( mat]ials z adapt$ to !      
nature 7psy*ology7 ( *ildr54 ,! !ory ( !
 culture epo*s ( race hi/ory z p>allel  
to *ild developm5t (f]s at lea/ a       
sugge/ion4 ,a few ( ! great p]iods (    
hi/ory seem to correspond fairly well to
 c]ta9 epo*s ( *ild gr[?4 ,! age (      
folk-lore & ! fairy tale is (t5 call$ ! 
*ildhood ( ! race2 ! pr$om9ance ( !     
imag9ation & ( ! *ildlike int]pretation 
( ?+s 9 nature rem9ds u /rik+ly ( !     
fancies ( *ildr54 ,we f9d also t !      

lit]>y rema9s ( ?is epo* 9 ! _w's       
hi/ory1 ! fairy tales1 are ! peculi>    
delight ( *ildr5 f f\r to six4 ,9 l     
mann] ! h]oic age & its lit]>y products 
seem to fasc9ate ! *ildr5 ( n9e to elev5
 ye>s4 ,9 connection ) ?is !ory x is    
obs]v$ t ! greate/ poets ( ! _w 9       
diff]5t c\ntries are ^? :o h giv5 poetic
 =m & expression to ! typical ideas &   
*>act]s ( c]ta9 epo*s ( hi/ory4 ,s      
,hom]1 ,virgil1 ,dante1 ,milton1 ,scott4
 ,! be/ lit]ature is1 mu* ( x1 !        
precipitate ( ! ?\ght & life ( hi/orical
 epo*s 9 race developm5t4 ,exp]im5t has 
%[n t mu* ( ?is lit]ature is peculi>ly  
adapt$ to ex]t /rong culture influ5ce ^u
 *ildr54 ,em]son1 9 8 ,essay on ,hi/ory1
 says3 ,:at is ! f\ndation ( t int]e/   
all m5 feel 9 ,greek hi/ory1 lett]s1    
art1 & poetry1 9 all its p]iods1 f !    
,h]oic or ,hom]ic age d[n to ! dome/ic  
life ( ! ,a!nians & ,sp>tans1 f\r or    
five c5turies lat]8 ,:at b ?is1 t e man 
passes p]sonally ?r\gh a ,grecian p]iod8
 ,& aga93 ,! /ud5t int]prets ! age (    

*ivalry by 8 own age ( *ivalry1 & ! days
 ( m>itime adv5ture & circumnavigation  
by q p>allel m9iature exp]i5ces ( 8 own4
 ,to ! sacr$ hi/ory ( ! _w1 he has !    
same key4 ,:5 ! voice ( a prophet out ( 
! deeps ( antiquity m]ely e*oes to him a
 s5tim5t ( 8 infancy1 a pray] ( 8 y\?1  
he !n pi]ces to ! tru? ?r\gh all !      
confusion ( tradition & ! c>icature (   
in/itutions4 ,! lit]>y h]itage ( ! *ief 
culture epo*s is de/9$ !re=e to ent] z a
 p[]ful ag5t 9 ! education ( *ildr5 9   
our s*ools1 & ! place ( a piece (       
lit]ature 9 hi/ory sugge/s at lea/ its  
place 9 *ild culture4  ,! /udy ( ^!     
lit]>y ma/]pieces1 ! *oice/ ( ! _w1 :ile
 x (f]s a broad p]spective ( hi/ory1    
also ent]s deep into ! psy*ology (      
*ildr5 & _! p]iods ( gr[? & *ange4 ,:at 
a /udy = ! tea*]6  ,suppose n[ t a wise 
selection ( ! be/ products = s*ool use  
_h be5 made4 ,! books = ea* grade w\ld  
respond n only to ! ability b to !      
*>act]i/ic temp] & m5tal /atus ( *ildr5 
at t age4 ,! books w\ld ar\se ! full    

compass ( ! *ildr5's m5tal p[]1 _!      
emotional z well z intellectual         
capacities1 _! sympa?y1 int]e/1 & feel+4
 ,! tea*] :o is ab\t to und]take ! tra9+
 ( ^! *ildr5 may n "k mu* ab\t *ildr5 ( 
t age4 ,h[ c %e be/ put h]self into an  
attitude by :i* %e c meet & und]/& !    
*ildr5 on _! own gr\nd8 ,n simply _!    
intellectual ability & /&+1 b1 bett]    
/ill1 _! impulses & sympa?ies1 _!       
motives & he>ts8 ,mo/ p1 z !y rea*      
maturity & advance 9 ye>s1 h a t5d5cy to
 gr[ away f _! *ildhood4 ,_! purposes h 
*ang$ f ^? ( *ildhood to ^? ( mature    
life4 ,!y are no long] int]e/$ 9 ! ?+s t
 int]e/ *ildr54 ,su* ?+s seem trivial & 
ev5 incompreh5sible to !m4  ,n[ ! p]son 
:o is prep>+ to be a tea*] %\ld gr[ back
 into 8 *ildhood4 ,)\t los+ ! dignity or
 purpose ( mature life1 he %\ld all[ !  
memories & sympa?ies ( *ildhood to      
revive4 ,! insight :i* comes f          
companion%ip & sympa?y ) *ildr5 he ne$s 
9 ord] to guide !m ) tact & wisdom4  ,! 
lit]ature :i* belongs to any age (      

*ildhood is p]haps ! be/ key to ! _s &  
disposition ( t p]iod4 ,! fact t x is ( 
p]man5t wor? makes x a fit in/rum5t )   
:i* ! tea*] may reawak5 ! dormant       
exp]i5ces & memories ( t p]iod 9 8 own  
life4 ,! tea*] :o f9ds x impossible to  
reawak5 8 int]e/ 9 ! lit]ature t goes   
home to ! he>ts ( *ildr5 has prima facie
 evid5ce t he is n qualifi$ to /imulate 
& guide _! m5tal movem5ts4 ,! human     
elem5t 9 lett]s is ! s\rce ( its deep & 
la/+ p[]2 ! human elem5t 9 *ildr5 is !  
c5tre ( _! educative life1 & he :o      
disreg>ds ?is & ?9ks only ( intellectual
 ex]cises is a poor ma*9e4 ,! lit]ature 
:i* *ildr5 appreciate & love is ! key to
 _! s\l life4 ,x has p[] to /imulate    
tea*] & pupil alike1 & is !re=e a common
 gr\nd :]e !y may bo? /& & look into ea*
 o!r's faces ) sympa?y4  ,?is is n s mu*
 ! /atem5t ( a !ory z a direct inf]5ce f
 _m obs]vations4 ,x has be5 obs]v$      
repeat$ly1 9 diff]5t s*ools "u _m       
tea*]s1 t ! ,lady ( ! ,lake1 ,vision (  
,sir ,launfal1 ,sleepy ,holl[1 or       

,m]*ant ( ,v5ice h _h an a/oni%+ p[] to 
br+ tea*] & *ildr5 into ne> & *]i%$     
companion%ip4 ,x is n possible to       
express ! pr(\nd lessons ( life t *ildr5
 get f ! poets4 ,9 ! prelude to         
,:itti]'s ,among ! ,hills1 :at a picture
 is drawn ( ! co>se1 h>d lot ( p>5ts &  
*ildr5 9 an ung>ni%$ home1 s p9*$ & b>e 
& com=tless1 :ile ! poem itself1 a view 
( t home among ! hills :i* ?rift & ta/e 
& love h made1--    ,invites ! eye to   
see & he>t to feel   ,! beauty & ! joy  
)9 _! rea*2   ,home & home loves & !    
beatitudes   ,( nature free to all4  ,to
 /udy su* poetry 9 its effect ^u *ildr5 
is a monopoly ( ! ri* educational       
opportunity :i* falls naturally into !  
h&s ( tea*]s4 ,psy*ology1 z d]iv$ f     
text-books1 is apt to be cold & =mal2 t 
:i* spr+s f ! contact ( "y m9ds ) !     
f\nta9s ( song lives & brea!s4 ,if a    
tea*] desires to fit h]self = prim>y    
in/ruction1 %e c d no?+ s well calculat$
 to br+ h]self en rapport ) little      
*ildr5 z to read ! nurs]y rhymes1 !     

fairy tales1 fables1 & e>ly my?s4 ,!y   
br+ h] along a *>m+ road into ! realm ( 
*ildlike fancies & sympa?ies1 :i* 7     
almo/ fad$ f h] memory4 ,! same door is 
op5$ ?r\gh well-select$ lit]ature to !  
he>ts ( *ildr5 9 int]m$iate & gramm>    
grades4  ,! s5se ( humor is cultivat$ 9 
lit]ature bett] ?an else:]e4 ,9 fact1 no
 o!r /udy conta9s mu* mat]ial ( humor\s 
quality4 ,a quick s5se ( x is deem$ by  
_m ( ! be/ judges an indisp5sable       
quality 9 tea*]s4 ,n t a tea*] ne$s to  
be a div]t+ /ory-tell] or ent]ta9]1 if  
only he has an indulg5t pati5ce & k9dly 
sympa?y = ^? :o enjoy tell+ /ories4 ,!re
 is a c]ta9 he>ty1 :olesome social _s 9 
! enjoym5t ( humor :i* diffuses itself l
 sunlight ?r\gh a s*ool4 ,x conta9s an  
elem5t ( k9dl9ess1 humanity1 & good     
fell[%ip :i* lubricates all ! ma*9]y &  
takes away unnecess>y /iffness & gravity
 9 conduct4 ,be/ ( all x is a sort (    
m5tal balance-:eel = ! tea*]1 :i*       
enables him to see ! ludicr\s phases ( 8
 own behavior1 %\ld he be incl9$ to run 

to fooli% extremes 9 v>i\s directions4  
,mu* ( our be/ lit]ature ab\nds 9       
humor\s elem5ts4 ,l[ell1 ,holmes1       
,%akespe>e1 & ,irv+ are spontane\sly ri*
 9 ?is quality ( ore1 & x is j z well   
p]haps to cultivate our appreciation 9  
^! ri*] ve9s z 9 %all[ & unproductive   
ones else:]e4  ,s*legel says (          
,%akespe>e1 8 comic tal5t is equally    
wond]ful ) t he has %[n 9 ! pa!tic &    
tragic2 x /&s at an equal elevation &   
possesses equal ext5t & pr(undity4444 ,n
 only has he del9eat$ _m k9ds ( folly1 b
 ev5 ( %e] /upidity he has contriv$ to  
give a mo/ div]t+ & ent]ta9+ picture4   
,! inability to appreciate ! ludicr\s & 
f>cical1 & especially ( witty conceits1 
is felt to be a m>k ( dulness &         
heav9ess1 & 9 deal+ ) *ildr5 & "y p a   
v]satile p]ception ( ! humor\s is v     
helpful4 ,_m ( ! pupils possess ?is     
quality ( humor 9 a m>k$ degree1 & !    
tea*] %\ld at lea/ h suffici5t insight  
to appreciate ?is peculi> b5t ( m9d &   
turn ( wit4  ,a brief retrospect w make 

pla9 ! pr(itabl5ess ( classics to !     
tea*]4 ,!y %[ a deep p]spective into !  
_s & inn] work+s ( hi/ory4 ,! social    
life & insight develop$ by ! /udy (     
lit]ature give tact & judgm5t to und]/& 
& respect ! _m-sid$ individualities f\nd
 9 e s*ool4 ,! tea*]'s own moral &      
ae/hetic & religi\s ideals are con/antly
 lift$ & /r5g!n$ by ! /udy ( classics4  
,su* read+ is a recreation & relief ev5 
9 h\rs ( we>9ess & solitude4 ,x is an   
expansive spiritual p[] r ?an a burd54  
,lit]>y arti/s are also a /&+           
illu/ration ( ! graphic1 spirit$ mann] (
 h&l+ subjects4 ,f9ally1 ?is ri* & v>i$ 
realm ( classic ?\ght & expression is ! 
doorway by :i* we ent] aga9 into ! moods
 & impulses & fancies ( *ildhood4 ,we   
?us revive our own y\? & fit ourselves =
 a quick & appreciative p]ception (     
*ildr5's ne$s4 ,x is ! be/ k9d ( *ild   
/udy4         99       99       99      
99       99  ,a few ( ! books :i* are   
sugge/ive1 & illu/rate ! value (        
lit]ature = tea*]s1 & 9 "s cases ev5 lay

 out l9es ( pr(itable & /imulative      
read+1 are z foll[s3--      ,newell     
,dwight ,hillis4 ,great ,books & ,life  
,tea*]s4 7,flem+ ,h4     ,revell ,co47  
,george ,willis ,cooke4 ,poets &        
,problems4 7,h\ghton1 ,miffl91  ,co47   
,! ,s*oolma/] 9 ,lit]ature4 7,! ,am]ican
 ,book ,co47      ,repres5tative        
,essays4 7,g4 ,p4 ,putnam's ,sons47     
,hamilton ,wright ,mabie4 ,books &      
,culture4 7,dodd1 ,mead1  ,co47         
,james ,baldw94 ,! ,book ,lov]4 7,a4 ,c4
 ,mc,clurg  ,co47      ,! ,s*oolma/] 9  
,com$y & ,satire4 7,! ,am]ican ,book    
,co47      ,em]son's ,essays4           
,s*legel's ,dramatic ,art & ,lit]ature4 
7,bohn's ,libr>ies47      ,rusk9's      
,sesame & ,lilies1 & ,sev5 ,lamps (     
,ar*itecture4      ,?omas ,w5twor?      
,higg9son1 ,book & ,he>t4 7,h>p]        
,bro!rs47      ,c>lyle's ,h]oes &       
,h]o-,wor%ip4      ,c\nsel ^u ! ,read+ (
 ,books4 ,van ,dyke4 7,h\ghton1 ,miffl91
      ,co47      ,lit]>y & ,g5]al       
,essays4 ,*>les ,k+sley4 7,macmillan    

,co47     ,,*apt] ,,vii  ,,li/ ,,(      
,,books   ,! foll[+ li/ ( books1 arrang$
 accord+ to grades1 is design$ to supply
 ! *ildr5 ( ! five grades1 f ! f\r? to !
 eigh? inclusive1 ) excell5t read+ matt]
 9 ! =m ( complete ma/]pieces ( ,am]ican
 & ,engli% lit]ature4 ,x includes1      
besides ! books = regul> read+ lessons1 
a l>ge li/ ( collat]al & closely relat$ 
works = ! *ildr5 & also = tea*]s4  ,!   
books ( ^! li/s conta9 a ri* & v>i$ fund
 ( f9e/ culture mat]ial1 fir/ ( all = ! 
tea*]1 &1 ?r\gh h] _s & en?usiasm1 = !  
*ildr54  ,besides ! g5]al discussions ( 
^! books 9 ! prec$+ *apt]s1 a few       
additional explanations are necess>y to 
make pla9 ! gr\nds ^u :i* ?is p>ticul>  
selection & arrangem5t ( books is bas$4 
,! :ole purpose ( ! prec$+ *apt]s is to 
?r[ light ^u ?is li/1 & to qualify !    
tea*] = an intellig5t & effici5t use (  
^! books z s*ool read]s4  #a4 ,! books  
apportion$ to ea* grade or ye> are      
divid$ into ?ree s]ies4 ,! fir/ s]ies is
 c>efully select$ to s]ve z regul>      

read+-books = t grade4 ,almo/ )\t       
exception !y are complete works1 or     
collections ( complete poems1 /ories1   
etc4 ,_m ( !m are v famili> & h be5 mu* 
us$ 9 ! s*ools4 ,! numb] ( books = ea*  
grade is l>ge1 s z to h room = *oice &  
adaptation to ea* class4  ,! second     
s]ies consi/s ( closely relat$ collat]al
 read+s d]iv$ f a mu* wid] range ( books
 9 lit]ature1 hi/ory1 & sci5ce4 ,_m ( ^!
 books ( ! second li/ are n s /rictly   
ma/]pieces ( lit]ature1 b ( a second>y  
rank z prose r5d]+s ( ! great poems1    
my?s1 & /ories ( o!r languages1 also    
,am]ican & ,european hi/ory /ories4 ,^! 
mat]ials are well adapt$ = ! ref]5ce    
/udies & home read+s ( *ildr54 ,!y all  
deal ) int]e/+ & wor?y subjects ( ?\ght 
9 a sup]ior /yle4 ,_m ( ^! books1 h[ev]1
 are great & p]man5t works ( lit]ature4 
,!y are mat]ials1 also1 :i* ! tea*] %\ld
 be famili> )4 ,!y %\ld be con/antly    
ref]r$ to & discuss$ 9 connection ) !   
fir/ s]ies4 ,x is q probable t "s tea*]s
 w pref] books ( ! second s]ies = regul>

 read+ 9 ! place ( "s sugge/$ 9 ! fir/  
s]ies4  ,! ?ird s]ies consi/s ( books = 
tea*]s1 includ+ great works ( lit]ature1
 hi/ory1 & sci5ce1 :i* w enri* ! tea*]'s
 k & contribute to a broad] en?usiasm & 
culture4 ,! writ+s ( "s ( ! great       
essayi/s1 z ,rusk91 ,c>lyle1 ,em]son1   
,k+sley1 ,motley1 ,l[ell1 ,huxley1      
,macaulay1 & o!rs1 are peculi>ly fit to 
broad5 ! tea*]'s horizon & ennoble 8    
purpose4 ,"s ( ! be/ poems & novels     
suitable = advanc$ /udy are m5tion$4    
,!re are also books :i* deal 9 a        
compreh5sive & critical1 b sympa!tic1   
way ) important lit]>y topics1 z ! my?s 
& great epics1 ! age ( *ivalry1 & !     
lives ( ! mo/ em95t writ]s4 ,"s ( ! be/ 
works ( biography & hi/ory are also     
sugge/$ = tea*]s1 & a numb] ( ! be/     
pr(essional & p$agogical books = tea*]s1
 deal+ ) lit]ature1 read+1 & *ild /udy4 
#b4 ,?is li/ ( books is ( c\rse         
t5tative4 ,!re are o!r lit]>y works z   
good1 p]haps1 b n a few difficulties /& 
9 ! way ( ! be/ selection4 ,a few ( !   

be/ mat]ials are scatt]$ 9 books n      
available = s*ool purposes4 ,"s ( ! f9e/
 ( our long] classics h n be5 te/$ mu* 9
 s*ool use4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 an abundance
 ( *oice ,engli% works1 complete1 well  
pr9t$ & b\nd1 9 *eap1 s*oolbook =m4 ,!  
*ief difficulty1 aft] all1 is 9 select+ 
& arrang+ ! be/ ( an abundant & v>i$    
collection ( excell5t lit]ature4 ,?is   
inspir+ problem lies b p>tly solv$ at ! 
?re%old ( e tea*]'s "w4 ,x requires     
ext5sive k ( lit]ature & exp]i5ce 9 its 
use 9 classes4 ,a ma/]piece may be read 
9 sev]al grades1 & tea*]s w diff] 9     
judg+ its true place4 ,s*ools & classes 
diff] also 9 _! capacity & previ\s      
prep>ation = classic read+s1 s t no     
c\rse ( read+ w fit all s*ools1 or1     
p]haps1 any two s*ools4 ,_m pr9cipals w 
pref] to use ! books "o or two grades   
l[]1 or high]1 ?an "h indicat$4 ,e tea*]
 %\ld use su* a li/ accord+ to 8 be/    
individual judgm5t z bas$ ^u ! ne$s ( 8 
s*ool4 ,?is li/ 0 discuss$ & p>tly made 
out 9 conf]5ce ) a numb] ( exp]i5c$     

sup]9t5d5ts1 & mu* v>iety ( op9ion 0    
express$ z to ! be/ grade = ! use ( a   
numb] ( ! selections4  #c4 ,! books *os5
 = ea* grade are design$ to be a        
suitable comb9ation ( prose & poetry1 ( 
%ort & long selections f hi/ory1 sci5ce1
 & lett]s4 ,v>iety 9 subject-matt] &    
/yle is requir$ 9 ea* grade1 al?\gh     
c]ta9 /rong individual *>act]i/ics are  
expect$ to appe> 9 ! lit]ature ( ea*    
ye>'s "w4 ,_m ( ! %ort] poems fit 9 well
 ) long] ma/]pieces 9 prose & v]se4 ,"s 
( ! epics1 my?s1 & hi/orical episodes   
are told 9 bo? prose & v]se4 ,! *ildr5  
may well meet & /udy !m 9 bo? =ms4 ,if f
 f\r to six l>g] ma/]pieces c\ld be read
 ea* ye>1 & ^! c\ld br+ out ! /yle &    
quality ( s _m au?ors1 if a numb] (     
suitable %ort] pieces c\ld be read &    
relat$ to ! =m]1 ! _m-sid$ influ5ce (   
lit]ature w\ld prove ea* ye> effective4 
,lit]ature is ! broade/ ( all subjects1 
bo? z a basis ( culture & = !           
unification ( ! v>i$ /udies4 ,x t\*es e 
phase ( exp]i5ce & k along its high]    

levels1 & ov]looks ! :ole field ( life f
 ! /&po9t ( ! se] & poet4 ,! classic    
read+s %\ld aim at ! complet5ess1       
v>iety1 & elevation ( ?\ght :i*         
lit]ature alone c give4 ,e ye>'s        
lit]ature %\ld op5 ! gates to mead[ &   
woodl&1 to p>k & fruitful fields1 into  
ri* & %ad$ valleys1 & up to free & sunny
 hilltops & m\nta9s4  #d4 ,! li/ ( books
 = ea* ye> includes two or ?ree books ( 
miscellane\s collections ( classics 9   
prose & v]se4 ,_m ( ! selections are    
%ort & "s fragm5t>y4 ,su* are ! ?ree    
volumes ( ,op5 ,sesame1 ! ,gold5        
,treasury ( ,songs & ,lyrics1 ,*ildr5's 
,treasury ( ,engli% ,song1 & ,book (    
,gold5 ,de$s4 ,9 ea* ( ! books nam$ is  
f\nd a v>iety ( mat]ial suit$ p]haps to 
two or ?ree grades4 ,9 mo/ ( ! books j  
nam$ x is n int5d$ 9 our plan t all !   
selections %\ld be read ?r\gh 9         
succession4 ,x w be bett] = ! tea*] to  
select f ^? collections su* *oice poems1
 /ories1 etc41 z w enri* & supplem5t !  
long] classics1 & give t add$ v>iety s  

ne$ful4 ,_m ( ! f9e/ poems 9 our        
language are %ort1 & %\ld n be omitt$ f 
our s*ool c\rse4 ,!y %\ld be read & "s (
 !m memoriz$ by ! *ildr54 ,x w\ld be    
well if ! tea*] _h 9 ea* grade "o or two
 sets ( su* books ( *oice miscellane\s  
mat]ials f :i* to select occasional     
read+4 ,! regul> read]s us$ by ! *ildr5 
w\ld consi/ ( ! long] ma/]pieces1 :i*   
w\ld be supplem5t$ by ! %ort]           
selections4 ,9 ?is way great] unity &   
v>iety might be a*iev$ )9 ! limits ( ea*
 grade4  #e4 ,in=mation books &         
supplem5t>y read]s 9 hi/ory1 geography1 
& natural sci5ce h be5 exclud$1 9 ! ma91
 f our li/s4 ,! te/ ( lit]>y excell5ce  
has be5 appli$ to mo/ ( ! books *os54   
,de ,qu9cey's di/9ction betwe5 !        
lit]ature ( k & t ( p[] is our l9e (    
dem>kation4 ,x seems to u probable t !  
future w call = a /ill m /r+5t adh]5ce  
to ?is pr9ciple ( selection4 ,in=mation 
read]s are good & necess>y 9 _! place 9 
geography1 hi/ory1 & natural sci5ce2 b  
!y are n good en\gh to take ! place (   

classics 9 read+ lessons4 ,! only       
exceptions to ! rule ( classics are !   
prose r5d]+s ( ! old classics1 z ! ,/ory
 ( ! ,odyssey1 & ! biographical /ories f
 hi/ory4 ,bo? ^! h s mu* ( int]e/ &     
/imulus = ! "y t !y seem to h>monize )  
our plan4 ,b criticism may yet expose _!
 inadequacy4  ,x is our plan1 9 brief1  
to limit ! read+ "w ma9ly to ! *oice    
ma/]pieces ( ! be/ au?ors1 & to r5d] ^! 
/udies z fruitful z possible 9 spiritual
 p[]4 ,if supplem5t>y read+s are us$ at 
all1 let !m be ^? :i* w /r5g!n !        
influ5ce ( ! classics4  ,x has be5 our  
plan to collect 9 ! ,special ,me?od     
,books devot$ to geography1 hi/ory1 &   
natural sci5ce1 a full li/ ( !          
supplem5t>y read]s & in=mation books 9  
^? subjects4  #f4 ,9 our li/1 h[ev]1 is 
includ$ q a numb] ( classic r5d]+s (    
sci5ce & nature topics4 ,su* are ,wake  
,rob91 ,birds & ,bees1 ,a ,hunt+ ( !    
,de]1 etc41 ,%>p ,eyes etc41 ,succession
 ( ,=e/ ,trees1 ,up & ,d[n ! ,brooks1   
,wat] ,babies1 ,! ,foot-pa? ,way1 ,madam

 ,h[ & ,lady ,:y1 ,wild]ness ,ways1 ,9  
,bird ,l&1 & _m o!rs4  ,^! books1 h[ev]1
 belong to ! lit]ature ( p[]4 ,!y look  
at nature ?r\gh ! eyes ( poet & arti/ & 
en?usia/4 ,!y are n cold1 matt]-(-fact  
del9eations4 ,!y unfold ! ae/hetic &    
human side ( nature1 ! div9ity ( fl[] & 
tree4 ,^! books are ! commun+s ( ! s\l )
 nature1 & are closely relat$ 9 _s to ! 
poems ( nature 9 ,bryant1 ,wordswor?1   
,t5nyson1 & o!r poets4 ,!re has be5 a   
*asm betwe5 !m & our text-books 9 sci5ce
 :i* ne$s bridg+ ov]4 ,n[ t sci5ce is   
beg9n+ to be taught objectively1        
exp]im5tally1 & inductively1 !re w be   
mu* less ( a hiatus at ?is /age1 because
 !re is s mu* t is p[]fully /imulat+ 9  
nature /udy4  #g4 ,"s books are nam$    
twice 9 ! li/s1 fir/ z books ( ref]5ce1 
or 9 ! tea*]'s li/s1 & 9 a lat] grade = 
! use ( *ildr5 9 regul> read+4 ,we h be5
 especially c>eful 9 select+ appropriate
 books 9 ! fir/ li/ = ea* grade adapt$  
to ! age ( ! *ildr54 ,^! books = regul> 
read+ mu/ be us$ by e *ild1 s t !y %\ld 

be fitt$ to ! av]age ability4 ,! ref]5ce
 books = collat]al read+ 9 ! second     
s]ies ( ea* grade may be m difficult 9  
"s cases1 z !y w be us$1 9 "p1 only by !
 /rong] pupils4  ,!re are c]ta9 gr\ps ( 
k9dr$ books1 l ! ,greek my?s1 t are     
di/ribut$ ?r\gh ?ree or m grades4 ,x is 
n expect$ t any *ild w use all ( ^!     
books1 z sev]al ( !m may deal ) ! same  
/ory1 l ! ,iliad or ,odyssey4 ,x seem$  
be/ to include all ! important r5d]+s ( 
^! /ories1 & leave ! tea*] to *oose     
among !m = 8 class4  #h4 ,to give m     
specific aid to tea*]s1 mo/ ( ! books   
are briefly describ$1 & "s notion ( _!  
special wor? & fitness indicat$4 ,x is  
hop$ t ^! %ort descriptions w be (      
consid]able help to "y tea*]s 9 mak+    
selections = _! classes4  #i4 ,_m ( !   
be/ & mo/ commonly us$ books are publi%$
 by sev]al companies4 ,9 su* cases !    
names ( ! diff]5t publi%]s are indicat$ 
9 connection ) ea* book4  #aj4 ,by an   
exam9ation ( ^! li/s ! tea*] ( any grade
 w discov] t1 9 ord] to tea* well1 %e   

mu/ be acqua9t$ ) ! books us$ 9 "o or   
two grades1 bo? above & bel[ h] own4    
,all ! *ief gr\ps ( books 9 lit]ature   
run ?r\gh ?ree or f\r grades1 & ! tea*] 
9 any grade ne$s to get a compreh5sive  
view ( ! important gr\ps ( books us$ 9  
h] classes4 ,9 addition to ?is1 ! books 
recomm5d$ = tea*]s give a /ill m def9ite
 & compreh5sive grasp ( l>ge classes (  
lit]>y mat]ial4 ,! books recomm5d$ =    
tea*]s c\ld be indef9itely ext5d$1 b x  
is hop$ t en\gh are m5tion$ to give     
def9it5ess to _! wid] /udies1 & to s]ve 
z an introduction to "s ( ! l>g] fields 
( lit]ature1 sci5ce1 & hi/ory4  #aa4    
,!re are c]ta9 peculi> difficulties     
connect$ ) ! read+ ( long] classics :i* 
are mu* less frequ5tly met ) 9 ! usual  
s*ool read]s4 ,^! difficulties are ( su*
 a real & s]i\s k9d t _m tea*]s are apt 
to be disc\rag$ be=e success is atta9$4 
,complete classics l ,web/]'s spee*es1  
,julius ,caes>1 ,sn[-,b\nd1 ,m>mion1 &  
,evangel9e h be5 reg>d$ z too long &    
difficult = s*ool purposes4 ,we h f\nd1 

h[ev]1 t ! great] l5g?1 if rightly      
utiliz$1 only int5sifies ! effect ( a   
ma/]piece4 ,! *ief objection is ! great]
 language difficulty 7h>d & unusual     
words1 prop] names1 etc47 ( ! long]     
classics4 ,?is is a real ob/acle & mu/  
be fairly met4 ,x is impossible to grade
 d[n ! language & ?\ght ( a great writ]4
 ,x is necess>y to br+ ! class up to 8  
level r ?an br+ him d[n to !irs4 ,?is   
requires "t & skill & p]sev]ance on !   
tea*]'s "p1 & labor & ?\ght 9 ! *ildr54 
,x may require a week or a mon? to get a
 class well "u way 9 ,lady ( ! ,lake1   
,k+ ( ! ,gold5 ,riv]1 or ! ,sket*-,book4
 ,b :5 well done x is a conque/ ( no    
mean importance4 ,! language1 /yle1 &   
*>act]i/ics ( ! au?or are /range &      
difficult4 ,! scales mu/ drop f *ildr5's
 eyes be=e !y w appreciate ,rusk9 or    
,t5nyson or ,em]son4 ,! w+s ( fancy1 !  
ae/hetic s5se1 d n unfold 9 a s+le day4 
,b if ^! initial difficulties c be      
ov]come1 we %all em]ge soon into !      
sunlight ( int]e/ & success4 ,x takes a 

degree ( fai? 9 good ?+s & pati5ce "u   
difficulties to atta9 success 9 classic 
read+s4 ,ev5 :5 ! tea*] ?9ks he is do+  
fairly well1 ! p>5ts sometimes say ! "w 
is too h>d & ! v]bal difficulties too   
great4 ,g5]ally1 h[ev]1 p>5ts are       
satisfi$ :5 *ildr5 "w h>d & are int]e/$4
  ,aga91 *ildr5 ^: read+ 9 ! l[] grades 
has be5 ( ! in=mation ord] lack !       
imag9ative p[] t is ess5tial to ! grasp 
& enjoym5t ( any ma/]piece4 ,! sleep+ or
 dull$ fancy mu/ be awak5$4 ,! p[] to   
image ?+s1 s natural to ! poet1 mu/ be  
ar\s$ & ex]cis$4 ,! lack ( tra9+ 9 vivid
 & poetic ?\ght 9 e>ly ye>s is sure to  
make itself felt 9 defici5t & languid   
?\ght & feel+ 9 ! high] grades4 ,b we _c
 af=d to give up ! /ruggle4 ,we may be  
=c$ to beg9 l[] d[n 9 ! s]ies ( books1 b
 any?+ less ?an a classic is n fit = !  
*ildr54  #ab4 ,! lead+ publi%+ h\ses are
 n[ compet+ vigor\sly 9 br++ out ! be/  
complete classics 9 *eap1 durable1      
well-pr9t$ =m = s*ool use4 ,9 our li/ ! 
names ( ! publi%]s are giv54 ,mo/ ( !   

companies c be address$ 9 ,bo/on1       
,*icago1 ,new ,york1 or ,san ,francisco4
 ,mo/ ( ! books b\nd 9 bo>ds or clo?    
range 9 price f tw5ty-five to fifty     
c5ts4 ,! pamphlet editions are f t5 to  
fifte5 c5ts4 ,! l>g] books (            
miscellane\s collections & "s ( ! sci5ce
 classics range f sev5ty-five c5ts to a 
doll> & a qu>t]4 ,a few ( ! books are   
pric$ z high z two doll>s4  #ac4 ,be=e  
f9al publication1 ! foll[+ li/s ( books 
h be5 submitt$ to ! criticism ( a numb] 
( able sup]9t5d5ts & to ! lead+ publi%+ 
h\ses4 ,9 consequ5ce consid]able *anges 
& additions h be5 made4 ,! *ief         
criticism (f]$ 0 t ! books1 9 a numb] ( 
cases1 are too difficult = ! grades     
indicat$4 ,to meet ?is objection a few  
*anges 7 made1 :ile 9 sev]al cases books
 are describ$ z suitable = two or ?ree  
grades4  ,= ! sake ( quick & easy       
ref]5ce 9 f9d+ any book1 an alphabetical
 li/ ( ! titles ( all ! books is giv5 at
 ! close1 & ! page indicat$ :]e ea* book
 may be f\nd 9 ! descriptive li/4       

,,f\r? ,,grade  #a4 ,,books ,,= ,,regul>
 ,,read+ ,,lessons    ,haw?orne's ,wond]
 ,book4 ,h\ghton1 ,miffl91  ,co42       
,educational   ,publi%+ ,co4        ,has
 be5 v ext5sively us$ 9 f\r? & fif?     
grades1       & ev5 9 six?4 ,a book (   
/&>d excell5ce4    ,k+sley's ,greek     
,h]oes4 ,g9n  ,co42 ,! ,macmillan ,co4  
,mu* us$4 ,excell5t4 ,cov]s mu* ! same  
gr\nd z !       ,wond] ,book & is       
pref]r$ by "s to x4    ,/ories f !      
,arabian ,nights4 ,h\ghton1 ,miffl91    
,co4        ,excell5t4 ,x conta9s "s ( !
 mo/ famili> /ories1       z ,aladd91 9 
simple =m4    ,:itti]'s ,*ild ,life 9   
,poetry & ,prose4 ,h\ghton1 ,miffl91    
,co4        ,an excell5t selection (    
poems & /ories ( *ild life by           
,:itti]4 ,x has _m simple poems &       
/ories1 z ,b>efoot       ,boy1 ,john    
,gilp91 etc4 ,also = fif? grade4        
,fanciful ,tales 7,/ockton74 ,scribn]'s 
,sons4        ,v pleas+ & well-told     
/ories = *ildr54 ,x has n       be5     
ext5sively us$ = read+ z yet4    ,book (

 ,tales4 ,am]ican ,book ,co4        ,a  
good collection ( old fairy tales1      
/ories1 & poems4 ,x       has be5       
ext5sively us$4    ,old ,te/am5t ,/ories
 9 ,scripture ,language4 ,h\ghton1      
,miffl91    ,co4 ,abraham1 ,joseph1     
,moses1 & o!rs4        ,! patri>*al     
/ories 9 famili> ,bible language4 ,x may
       be a little difficult = ! fir/ "p
 ( ! ye>4    ,r\nd ! ,ye> 9 ,my? & ,song
 7,holbrook74 ,am]ican ,book ,co4       
,a f9e collection ( nature poems =      
occasional use ?r\gh\t       ! ye>4     
,bird-,_w 7,/ickney-,h(fman74 ,g9n  ,co4
        ,an int]e/+ collection ( bird   
/ories & descriptions4       ,simple4 ,a
 good book to enc\rage obs]vation (     
birds4    ,nature 9 ,v]se 7,lovejoy74   
,silv]1 ,burdett1  ,co4        ,an      
excell5t collection ( nature poems      
arrang$ by !       seasons4    ,book (  
,leg5ds 7,scudd]74 ,h\ghton1 ,miffl91   
,co4    ,&]s5's ,fairy ,tales4 ,fir/ &  
,second ,s]ies4 ,g9n  ,co4    ,grimm's  
,h\sehold ,tales4 ,h\ghton1 ,miffl91    

,co4    ,f\r ,great ,am]icans 7,baldw974
 ,w]n] ,s*ool ,book ,co4    ,hans ,&]s5 
,tales4 ,! ,macmillan ,co4    ,squirrels
 & ,o!r ,fur-,be>]s 7,burr\ghs74        
,h\ghton1 ,miffl91  ,co4        ,v      
ent]ta9+1 b some:at difficult 9         
language4 ,use       t[>d ! end ( ! ye>1
 & 9 fif? grade4    ,peabody's ,old     
,greek ,folk ,/ories4 ,h\ghton1 ,miffl91
  ,co4        ,simple & well writt54 ,x 
supplem5ts ! ,wond] ,book4    ,k+ ,ar?ur
 & 8 ,c\rt 7,gre5e74 ,g9n  ,co4         
,a rec5t book4 ,simple 9 /yle & pleas+  
to *ildr54    ,! ,h[ells ,/ory ,book4   
,scribn]'s ,sons4   #b4 ,,supplem5t>y   
,,& ,,ref]5ce ,,books    ,/ories ( ,our 
,c\ntry 7,johonnot74 ,am]ican ,book ,co4
        ,good ,am]ican /ories = *ildr5  
to read at home or s*ool4    ,tales f ! 
,fa]ie ,que5e4 ,! ,macmillan ,co4       
,= ref]5ce & libr>y4    ,bimbi 7,de la  
,ramee74 ,g9n  ,co4        ,! ,nu]nb]g  
,/ove & o!r good /ories4 ,good = home   
read+ & = s*ool "w4    ,! ,nu]nb]g      
,/ove4 ,mayn>d1 ,m]rill1  ,co42         

,h\ghton1 ,miffl91  ,co4    ,gods &     
,h]oes 7,francillon74 ,g9n  ,co4        
,suitable to late f\r? & fif? grades =  
collat]al read+4       ,simple 9 /yle4  
,wa/e ,n1 ,want ,n 7,edgewor?74 ,g9n    
,co42 ,d4 ,c4 ,hea?1  ,co42   ,h\ghton1 
,miffl91  ,co4        ,practical /ories 
= *ildr51 illu/rat+ =esight1            
economy1 etc4    ,a ,ballad ,book       
7,bates74 ,sibley  ,duck]4        ,a    
good collection ( ! old]1 simpl]        
ballads4 ,^! ballads       %\ld be      
di/ribut$ ?r\gh ! ye>4 ,good =          
supplem5t>y       read+1 also = drill 9 
read+4    ,! ,/ory ( ,ulysses 7,cook74  
,public ,s*ool ,publi%+ ,co4        ,an 
excell5t r5d]+1 sometimes us$ z a read]4
    ,fri5ds & ,help]s 7,eddy74 ,g9n     
,co4        ,/ories ( animals & birds4  
,in/ructive4    ,hans ,&]s5 ,/ories4    
,h\ghton1 ,miffl91  ,co4    ,tommy-,anne
 & ! ,?ree ,he>ts 7,wright74 ,!         
,macmillan ,co4    ,fir/ ,book ( ,birds 
7,mill]74 ,h\ghton1 ,miffl91  ,co4      
,v simple & int]e/+ descriptions &      

acc\nts (       common birds4 ,w help to
 int]e/ ! *ildr5 9 nature4    ,! ,little
 ,lame ,pr9ce4 ,mayn>d1 ,m]rill1  ,co42 
,d4 ,c4 ,hea?  ,co4        ,a /ory =    
home read+4    ,! ,dog ( ,fl&]s4        
,mayn>d1 ,m]rill1  ,co42 ,h\ghton1      
,miffl91    ,co42 ,educational ,publi%+ 
,co4        ,an excell5t /ory = *ildr5  
to read at home or 9 s*ool4             
,pa!tic4    ,old ,/ories ( ! ,ea/       
7,baldw974 ,am]ican ,book ,co4        ,a
 pleas+ treatm5t ( ! old ,bible /ories1 
n 9 ,bible       language4 ,well writt54
    ,fairy ,tales 9 ,prose & ,v]se      
7,rolfe74 ,am]ican ,book ,co4        ,a 
*oice collection ( /ories & poems4      
,h]oes ( ,asg>d4 ,! ,macmillan ,co4     
,a good simple treatm5t ( ! ,norse my?s4
 ,suitable =       supplem5t>y & sight  
read+4    ,tales ( ,troy 7,de ,g>mo74   
,public ,s*ool ,publi%+ ,co4        ,a  
simple n>rative ( ! ,trojan w>4         
,supplem5t>y4    ,our ,fea!r$ ,fri5ds   
7,gr9nell74 ,d4 ,c4 ,hea?  ,co4         
,in/ructive book on birds4    ,alice's  

,adv5tures 9 ,wond]l& 7,c>roll74 ,!     
,macmillan ,co42   ,educational ,publi%+
 ,co4        ,v suitable = home & family
 read+4 ,y\ng] *ildr5       enjoy x mu*4
 ,ent]ta9+4    ,jackanapes1 ,! ,br[nies 
7,mrs4 ,ew+74 ,h\ghton1 ,miffl91  ,co4  
,?r\gh ! ,look+ ,glass 7,c>roll74 ,!    
,macmillan ,co42 ,educational   ,publi%+
 ,co4    ,! ,m]ry ,adv5tures ( ,rob9    
,hood 7,pyle74 ,scribn]'s ,sons4        
,an exp5sive book 7ab\t ?ree doll>s74   
,excell5t /ories       to read to       
*ildr54 ,full ( humor & adv5ture4 ,f9ely
       illu/rat$4 ,a good book = s*ool &
 home libr>y4    ,op5 ,sesame1 ,vol4 ,i 
& ,vol4 ,,ii4 ,g9n  ,co4        ,a f9e  
collection ( ! be/ poems ( nature1      
h]oism1       ,*ri/mas "t1 etc4 ,ballads
 & /ories4  ,!y are       adapt$ to     
*ildr5 9 sev]al grades1 & %\ld be us$   
= read+1 memory "w1 & = recitation4     
,/ories ( ! ,old ,_w 7,*ur*74 ,g9n  ,co4
        ,good read+ matt] = f\r? & fif? 
grades4 ,int]e/+       = supplem5t>y    
read+4    ,/ories ( ,am]ican ,life &    

,adv5ture 7,eggle/on74 ,am]ican   ,book 
,co4    ,black ,beauty4 ,educational    
,publi%+ ,co42 ,univ]sity ,pub4 ,co4    
,*ildr5's ,treasury ( ,engli% ,song4 ,! 
,macmillan ,co4        ,a collection (  
poems = occasional use4    ,little ,"l  
,fauntl]oy4 ,scribn]'s ,sons4        ,a 
fam\s /ory = home read+4 ,a book =      
libr>ies4    ,h]oes ( ! ,middle ,we/    
7,ca!rwood74 ,g9n  ,co4        ,/ories =
 lat] f\r? & fif? grades4 ,a good book =
       supplem5t>y read+4 ,also = six?  
grade4    ,old ,norse ,/ories 7,bradi%74
 ,am]ican ,book ,co4        ,/ories =   
ref]5ce read+ & sight read+4    ,/ories 
f ,plato 7,burt74 ,g9n  ,co4            
,simple my?s & /ories = home read+4     
,! ,eug5e ,field ,book4 ,scribn]'s      
,sons4        ,pleas+ & ent]ta9+ = y\ng]
 *ildr54 ,prose &       v]se1 humor\s & 
pa!tic4    ,/ories f ,old ,g]many       
7,pratt74 ,educational ,publi%+ ,co4    
,a simple1 int]e/+ r5d]+ ( ! /ory (     
,siegfri$4    ,secrets ( ! ,woods4 ,g9n 
,co4    ,norse ,/ories 7,mabie74 ,dodd1 

,mead1  ,co4        ,an excell5t r5d]+ (
 ! ,norse /ories4 ,simple4    ,fifty    
,fam\s ,/ories ,retold 7,baldw974       
,am]ican ,book ,co4        ,simple &    
well told4    ,pione]s ( ! ,revolution4 
,public ,s*ool ,publi%+ ,co4        ,a  
simple n>rative ( pione] life & conflict
 9 !       ,s\?-we/ dur+ ! ,revolution4 
#c4 ,,tea*]s' ,,books    ,/ory ( !      
,iliad 7,*ur*74 ,! ,macmillan ,co4      
,a ref]5ce book = outside read+4        
,em]son's ,essays4 ,second ,s]ies4      
,h\ghton1 ,miffl91  ,co4        ,essays 
on ! poet1 mann]s1 "*1 etc4 ,inspir+    
read+ = ! tea*]4    ,my?s ( ! ,nor!rn   
,l&s 7,gu]b]74 ,am]ican ,book ,co4      
,read+s 9 ,folklore 7,sk9n]74 ,am]ican  
,book ,co4        ,good g5]al           
introduction to ! folklore ( mod]n      
,european       c\ntries4    ,hi/ory &  
,lit]ature 7,rice74 ,a4 ,flanagan4      
,a discussion ( books & mat]ials =      
tea*]s4    ,be+ a ,boy 7,w>n]74         
,h\ghton1 ,miffl91  ,co4    ,david      
,copp]field 7,*>les ,dick5s74    ,talks 

to ,tea*]s 7,james74    ,sesame &       
,lilies 7,rusk974 ,h\ghton1 ,miffl91    
,co42 ,! ,macmillan   ,co4    ,tales ( a
 ,travel] 7,irv+74 ,am]ican ,book ,co42 
,mayn>d1 ,m]rill1    ,co4    ,poetry =  
,*ildr5 7,eliot74 ,h\ghton1 ,miffl91    
,co4        ,a good collection =        
miscellane\s uses 9 ! s*ool4            
,cali=nia & ,oregon ,trail 7,p>kman74   
,hur/  ,co42 ,little1 ,br[n1    ,co4    
,int]e/+ descriptions ( ,indian & ,we/]n
 life4    ,/ory ( ! ,odyssey 7,*ur*74 ,!
 ,macmillan ,co4        ,good = ref]5ce 
& g5]al read+4    ,lit]ature 9 ,s*ools  
7,scudd]74 ,h\ghton1 ,miffl91  ,co4     
,a s]ies ( ?ree excell5t pap]s on ! use 
& value (       lit]ature 9 s*ools4     
,especially valuable = tea*]s4          
,*ildr5's ,/ories ( ,am]ican ,lit]ature 
7,wright74 ,scribn]'s4        ,%ort     
biographies ( ,am]ican writ]s 9 two     
small volumes4    ,! ,age ( ,fable      
7,bulf9*74 ,lee  ,%ep>d4        ,"o ( ! 
be/ g5]al treatises on my?ology4        
,national ,epics 7,rabb74 ,a4 ,c4       

,mc,clurg4        ,a good introduction &
 extracts f ! great epic poems       (  
all nations4    ,9 ,bird ,l& 7,keys]74  
,a4 ,c4 ,mc,clurg4        ,delightful   
read+ & sugge/ive to tea*]s4    ,! ,ways
 ( ,wood ,folk 7,long74 ,g9n  ,co4      
,v pleas+ /ories ( animal life = *ildr5 
& tea*]s4    ,nature ,pictures by       
,am]ican ,poets 7,m>ble74 ,! ,macmillan 
,co4    ,la ,salle & ! ,discov]y ( !    
,great ,we/ 7,p>kman74 ,little1 ,br[n1  
,co4        ,v int]e/+ acc\nt ( !       
exploration ( ! ,great       ,lakes & ! 
,mississippi ,riv]4    ,! ,discov]y (   
,am]ica1 two volumes 7,fiske74 ,h\ghton1
 ,miffl91    ,co4        ,valuable      
acc\nt ( ,columbus & o!r explor]s4    ,!
 ,beg9n+s ( ,new ,engl& 7,fiske74       
,h\ghton1 ,miffl91  ,co4                
,excell5t4    ,! ,/ory-,tell]'s ,art    
7,dye74 ,g9n  ,co4        ,a book       
design$ = high s*ool tea*]s1 b good also
       = tea*]s 9 ! grades4    ,! ,w9n+ 
( ! ,we/ 7,roosevelt74 ,putnam4         
,leon>d & ,g]trude 7,pe/alozzi74 ,d4 ,c4

 ,hea?  ,co4    ,jean ,mit*ell's ,s*ool4
 ,public ,s*ool ,publi%+ ,co4    ,!     
,pilot 7,coop]74 ,am]ican ,book ,co42   
,univ]sity ,pub4 ,co4   ,,fif? ,,grade  
#a4 ,,books ,,= ,,regul> ,,read+        
,,lessons    ,hiawa?a4 ,h\ghton1        
,miffl91  ,co42 ,! ,macmillan ,co42     
,educational   ,publi%+ ,co42 ,univ]sity
 ,pub4 ,co4        ,well suit$ = read+4 
,us$ 9 sev]al grades4    ,lays ( ,anci5t
 ,rome 7,macaulay74 ,mayn>d1 ,m]rill1   
,co42 ,h\ghton1   ,miffl91  ,co42 ,!    
,macmillan ,co42 ,educational ,publi%+  
,co42   ,am]ican ,book ,co4        ,!   
f\r ballad poems4 ,good s*ool read+ =   
*ildr54       ,names some:at h>d at     
fir/4 ,v /imulat+ & h]oic4       ,us$   
also 9 six? grade4    ,k+ ( ! ,gold5    
,riv] 7,rusk974 ,g9n  ,co42 ,!          
,macmillan ,co42   ,h\ghton1 ,miffl91   
,co42 ,d4 ,c4 ,hea?  ,co42 ,mayn>d1     
,m]rill1  ,co4        ,mu* us$4         
,excell5t /ory & read+4    ,tanglewood  
,tales 7,haw?orne74 ,h\ghton1 ,miffl91  
,co4        ,companion book to ! ,wond] 

,book4 ,excell5t matt] = read+4    ,wat]
 ,babies 7,k+sley74 ,g9n  ,co42 ,!      
,macmillan ,co42 ,educational   ,publi%+
 ,co42 ,mayn>d1 ,m]rill1  ,co4          
,int]e/+ /ory4 ,good also = home read+4 
,bett]1       p]haps1 = six? grade4     
,ulysses among ! ,phaeacians 7,bryant74 
,h\ghton1 ,miffl91  ,co4        ,simple 
& easy4 ,poetic 9 its r5d]+4 ,bett] =   
six?       grade 9 "s classes4    ,tales
 f ,engli% ,hi/ory 7prose & v]se74      
,am]ican ,book ,company4        ,/ories 
& ballads ( ! lead+ p]iods ( ,engli%    
hi/ory       f ! be/ au?ors4 ,illu/rat$4
    ,gulliv]'s ,travels4 ,h\ghton1      
,miffl91  ,co42 ,g9n  ,co42 ,!          
,macmillan ,co42 ,educational ,publi%+  
,co4        ,some:at difficult 9 spots4 
,v int]e/+ to boys &       girls4 ,= "s 
classes use 9 six? grade4    ,adv5tures 
( ,ulysses 7,lamb74 ,g9n  ,co42 ,d4 ,c4 
,hea?  ,co4        ,well told1 giv+     
complete outl9e ( ! :ole /ory4    ,h]oic
 ,ballads4 ,g9n  ,co4        ,scot* &   
,engli% & _m lat] & ,am]ican ballads4   

,! ,pi$ ,pip] & ,o!r ,poems 7,br[n+74   
,h\ghton1 ,miffl91  ,co4        ,also   
o!r poems & ballads ( ,br[n+4    ,tales 
f ,scotti% ,hi/ory 7,rolfe74 ,am]ican   
,book ,co4    ,"s ,m]ry ,adv5tures (    
,rob9 ,hood 7,pyle74 ,scribn]'s ,sons4  
,%ort]   ,s*ool ,edition4               
,humor\s & ent]ta9+4    ,little         
,daffyd[ndilly & ,biographical ,/ories  
7,haw?orne74 ,h\ghton1   ,miffl91  ,co4 
,! latt] = six? grade4    ,/ories (     
,am]ican ,life & ,adv5ture 7,eggle/on74 
,am]ican ,book ,co4    ,! ,ways ( ,wood 
,folk 7,long74 ,g9n  ,co4        ,an    
excell5t nature book = *ildr51 ent]ta9+1
       in/ructive1 & well writt54       
,gulliv]'s ,voyage to ,lilliput         
7,swift74 ,mayn>d1 ,m]rill1  ,co4       
,squirrels & ,o!r ,fur-,be>]s           
7,burr\ghs74 ,h\ghton1 ,miffl91  ,co4   
,! ,*ildr5's ,h\r 7,longfell[74         
,h\ghton1 ,miffl91  ,co4   #b4          
,,supplem5t>y ,,& ,,ref]5ce ,,books     
,arabian ,nights 7,hale74 ,g9n  ,co4    
,_m ( ! be/ /ories ( ! collection1      

includ+ a numb]       ( ! less famili>  
ones4 ,also = regul> read+4    ,t5 ,boys
 on ! ,road f ,long ,ago4 ,g9n  ,co4    
,a book int]e/+ & mu* us$4 ,good = read+
 9 f\r?1       fif?1 & six? grades4     
,also = sight read+4    ,rob9son        
,crusoe4 ,g9n  ,co42 ,d4 ,c4 ,hea?      
,co42 ,am]ican ,book ,co42   ,univ]sity 
,publi%+ ,co4        ,mu* r$uc$ &       
simplifi$ f ! orig9al4 ,a complete      
& m difficult edition is publi%$ by     
,h\ghton1 ,miffl91        ,co4    ,!    
,odyssey ( ,hom] 7,palm]74 ,h\ghton1    
,miffl91  ,co4        ,a complete prose 
translation ( ! entire ,odyssey4        
,probably       ! be/4 ,good = fif? &   
six? grades4    ,bryant's ,odyssey4     
,h\ghton1 ,miffl91  ,co4        ,a      
simple1 poetic r5d]+ ( ! :ole ,odyssey4 
,a good       tea*]'s book4 ,use p>ts 9 
class4    ,bryant's ,iliad4 ,h\ghton1   
,miffl91  ,co4        ,complete poetic  
translation4 ,"o ( ! be/4    ,h]oes ( ! 
,middle ,we/ 7,ca!rwood74 ,g9n  ,co4    
,good /ories ( ! e>ly ,fr5* explor]s ( !

 ,great       ,lakes & ! ,mississippi   
,valley4 ,some:at difficult4    ,pope's 
,iliad4 ,! ,macmillan ,co42 ,g9n  ,co42 
,am]ican ,book ,co42   ,silv]1 ,burdett1
  ,co42 ,d4 ,c4 ,hea?  ,co4        ,a   
fam\s r5d]+ ( ! old ,greek /ory4 ,/ill  
bett]       = six? grade4    ,a ,/ory ( 
! ,gold5 ,age 7,baldw974 ,scribn]'s     
,sons4    ,secrets ( ! ,woods 7,long74  
,g9n  ,co4    ,old ,greek ,/ory         
7,baldw974 ,am]ican ,book ,co4          
,arabian ,nights 7,cl>ke74 ,am]ican     
,book ,co4    ,colonial ,*ildr5 7,h>t74 
,! ,macmillan ,co4        ,simple &     
well-*os5 s\rce mat]ial4 ,excell5t4     
,krag & ,johnny ,be> 7,seton74          
,scribn]'s ,sons4    ,poems ( ,am]ican  
,patriotism 7,mat!ws74 ,scribn]'s ,sons4
    ,ballads & ,lyrics4 ,h\ghton1       
,miffl91  ,co4    ,/ories f ,h]odotus4  
,mayn>d1 ,m]rill  ,co42 ,! ,macmillan   
,co4        ,simple & int]e/+ /ories4   
,good also = six? grade4    ,jason's    
,que/4 ,sibley  ,duck]4        ,! /ory (
 ,jason told 9 full4 ,int]e/+ & well    

writt54    ,book ( ,gold5 ,de$s4 ,!     
,macmillan ,co4        ,a f9e collection
 ( hi/orical & fam\s /ories4 ,= six?    
grade also4    ,hi/orical ,tales1       
,am]ican 7,morris74 ,j4 ,b4 ,lipp9cott4 
,"o ( ! be/ collections ( ,am]ican      
/ories4    ,greek ,gods1 ,h]oes1 & ,m54 
,scott1 ,=esman1  ,co4        ,a        
collection ( ,greek /ories1 bo? my?ical 
& hi/orical4    ,! ,/ory ( ! ,engli%    
7,gu]b]74 ,am]ican ,book ,co4        ,a 
complete s]ies ( ,engli% hi/ory /ories  
arrang$       *ronologically1 good =    
fif? & six? grades4    ,tales ( ,*ivalry
 7,rolfe74 ,am]ican ,book ,co4          
,good /ories f ,scott1 mo/ly f ,ivanhoe4
 ,also !       e>ly life ( ,scott4 ,good
 = fif? & six? grades4    ,boy's ,k+    
,ar?ur 7,lani]74 ,scribn]'s ,sons4      
,a v int]e/+ /ory = boys & girls4 ,a    
good libr>y       book 7#b4jj74    ,!   
,/ory ( ,siegfri$ 7,baldw974 ,scribn]'s 
,sons4        ,a full & attractive /ory 
( ,siegfri$'s adv5tures4 ,a good        
libr>y book 7#b4jj74    ,pione] ,hi/ory 

,/ories 7,mc,murry74 ,?ree volumes4 ,!  
,macmillan ,co4   ,also = six? ye>4     
,e>ly pione] /ories ( ! ,ea/]n /ates1 ( 
! ,mississippi       ,valley1 & ( !     
,rocky ,m\nta9s4    ,op5 ,sesame4 ,"p   
,,ii4 ,g9n  ,co4        ,a good         
collection ( poems arrang$ 9 important  
classes4    ,! ,/ory ( ! ,greeks        
7,gu]b]74 ,am]ican ,book ,co4           
,lead+ /ories ( ,greek my? & hi/ory4 ,= 
fif? &       six? grades4    ,! ,/ory ( 
,troy4 ,am]ican ,book ,co4        ,a    
%ort n>rative ( ! ,trojan ,w>4    ,/ory 
( ! ,odyssey 7,*ur*74 ,! ,macmillan ,co4
        ,libr>y book = g5]al read+4     
,simple4    ,! ,/ory ( ,rol& 7,baldw974 
,scribn]'s ,sons4        ,l>ge book =   
libr>y4 ,good4    ,! ,hoosi] ,s*ool ,boy
 7,eggle/on74 ,scribn]'s ,sons4         
,am]ican ,explor]s 7,higg9son74 ,lee    
,%ep>d4        ,excell5t descriptions ( 
e>ly explorations4 ,good s\rce          
mat]ial = pupils & tea*]s4 ,also = six? 
grade4    ,! ,*ildr5's ,life ( ,abraham 
,l9coln 7,putnam74 ,a4 ,c4 ,mc,clurg4   

,also   = six? & sev5? grades4    ,f\r  
,am]ican ,naval ,h]oes 7,beebe74 ,w]n]  
,s*ool ,book ,company4 ,six?   grade    
also4        ,a simple n>rative ( great 
naval conflicts4    ,lobo1 ,rag1 & ,vix5
 7,seton74 ,scribn]'s ,sons4   #c4      
,,tea*]s' ,,books    ,beg9n+s ( ,new    
,engl& & ,discov]y ( ,am]ica1 two       
volumes 7,fiske74 ,h\ghton1 ,miffl91    
,co4        ,good libr>y books = tea*]4 
,sesame & ,lilies 7,rusk974 ,!          
,macmillan ,co4        ,a v /imulat+ &  
sugge/ive book = tea*]s4    ,! ,gold5   
,age 7,k5ne? & ,grahame74 ,john ,lane4  
,moral ,in/ruction ( ,*ildr5 7,adl]74   
,d4 ,appleton  ,co4    ,*ildhood 9      
,lit]ature & ,art 7,scudd]74 ,h\ghton1  
,miffl91  ,co4        ,an in/ructive    
book = tea*]s4    ,read+s 9 ,folk ,lore 
7,sk9n]74 ,am]ican ,book ,co4           
,valuable s\rce book4    ,wild]ness     
,ways 7,long74 ,g9n  ,co4               
,ent]ta9+ to bo? tea*]s & pupils4    ,! 
,/ory ( ,our ,cont95t 7,%al]74 ,g9n     
,co4        ,an int]e/+ geological      

hi/ory ( ,nor? ,am]ica4    ,hi/orical   
,tales1 ,engli% 7,morris74 ,j4 ,b4      
,lipp9cott4        ,excell5t mat]ials = 
ref]5ce "w4    ,we/w>d ,ho6 7,k+sley74  
,! ,macmillan ,co42 ,univ]sity ,publi%+ 
,co4        ,a good /ory ( ! "t (       
,elizabe?1 ,drake1 & ,raleigh4          
,samuel de ,*ampla9 7,s$gwick74         
,h\ghton1 ,miffl91  ,co4        ,a %ort 
& int]e/+ biography4 ,o!r books ( !     
same ,riv]side ,biographical ,s]ies are1
 ,william ,p5n1       ,lewis & ,cl>k1   
,george ,rog]s ,cl>k1 & ,paul ,jones4   
,hi/ory & ,lit]ature 7,rice74 ,flanagan4
        ,a brief p$agogical treatm5t ( !
 :ole subject (       lit]ature & hi/ory
 = ! elem5t>y s*ool4    ,ivanhoe        
7,scott74 ,g9n  ,co42 ,d4 ,c4 ,hea?     
,co42 ,h\ghton1 ,miffl91    ,co42       
,am]ican ,book ,co42 ,! ,macmillan ,co4 
,! ,de]slay] 7,coop]74 ,! ,macmillan    
,co4    ,h\se ( ,sev5 ,gables           
7,haw?orne74 ,h\ghton1 ,miffl91  ,co4   
,drake & 8 ,yeom5 7,b>nes74 ,!          
,macmillan ,co4    ,h>d ,times 7,*>les  

,dick5s74        ,me*anical me?ods 9    
education describ$4    ,wake ,rob9      
7,burr\ghs74 ,h\ghton1 ,miffl91  ,co4   
,a book ( pleas+ nature obs]vation &    
/udy4    ,pione]s ( ,france 9 ! ,new    
,_w1 & ,la ,salle & ! ,discov]y   ( !   
,great ,we/ 7,p>kman74 ,little1 ,br[n1  
,co4        ,excell5t & int]e/+         
hi/orical mat]ial = ! tea*]4    ,! ,m5  
,:o ,made ! ,nation 7,sp>ks74 ,!        
,macmillan ,co4        ,int]e/+         
biographical mat]ial4    ,! ,age (      
,*ivalry 7,bulf9*74 ,lee  ,%ep>d4       
,an important treatise on ?is subject4  
,libr>y book4    ,! ,foot-pa? ,way      
7,torrey74 ,h\ghton1 ,miffl91  ,co4     
,attractive & inspir+ nature /udy4      
,birddom 7,keys]74 ,lo?rop  ,co4        
,excell5t /yle & treatm5t ( bird life4  
,news f ! ,birds 7,keys]74 ,d4 ,appleton
  ,co4        ,v pleas+ /udies &        
/imulat+ to tea*]s4    ,greek ,life &   
,/ory 7,*ur*74 ,g4 ,p4 ,putnam's ,sons4 
,a good s]ies ( pictures f ! *ief       
episodes ( ,greek       hi/ory4         

,c\nsel ^u ! ,read+ ( ,books 7,van      
,dyke74 ,h\ghton1 ,miffl91    ,co4      
,excell5t4    ,! ,odyssey 7,but*] &     
,lang74 ,! ,macmillan ,co4   ,,six?     
,,grade  #a4 ,,books ,,= ,,regul>       
,,read+ ,,lessons    ,! ,sket*-,book    
7,irv+74 ,g9n  ,co42 ,am]ican ,book     
,co42 ,mayn>d1   ,m]rill1  ,co42        
,macmillan ,co42 ,h\ghton1 ,miffl91     
,co42 ,educational   ,pub4 ,co42        
,univ]sity ,pub4 ,co4        ,rip ,van  
,w9kle & o!r ,am]ican essays4 ,"o ( !   
be/       books = six? grade4 ,us$ also 
9 fif? & sev5? grades4    ,! ,c\rt%ip ( 
,miles ,/&i% 7,longfell[74 ,h\ghton1    
,miffl91  ,co4        ,excell5t 9 _m    
ways = six?-grade *ildr54 ,a dramatiz$  
edition is also publi%$4 ,us$ sometimes 
9 sev5? grade4    ,! ,*ri/mas ,c>ol     
7,dick5s74 ,h\ghton1 ,miffl91  ,co42    
,mayn>d1   ,m]rill1  ,co42 ,educational 
,publi%+ ,co4        ,excell5t z        
lit]ature & = v>iety ( /yle 9 class "w4 
,us$ also 9 sev5? grade4    ,hunt+ ( !  
,de] 7,w>n]74 ,h\ghton1 ,miffl91  ,co4  

,includ+ also ,h[ ,i ,kill$ a ,be>1 &   
o!r admirable /ories1       9 :i* !     
humor & s5tim5t are f9e4 ,us$ also 9    
sev5?       grade4    ,sn[-,b\nd &      
,songs ( ,labor 7,:itti]74 ,h\ghton1    
,miffl91  ,co4        ,"o ( ! be/       
,am]ican poems = *ildr54 ,us$ also      
9 sev5? & eigh? grades4    ,com+ (      
,ar?ur & ,pass+ ( ,ar?ur4 ,h\ghton1     
,miffl91  ,co42   ,mayn>d1 ,m]rill1     
,co42 ,! ,macmillan ,co4        ,9 !    
f9e1 poetic /yle ( ,t5nyson1 b simple4  
,suit$       also = sev5? grade4    ,!  
,g5tle ,boy & ,o!r ,tales 7,haw?orne74  
,h\ghton1 ,miffl91  ,co4        ,a      
pa!tic /ory ( ! ,quak] p]secutions 9    
,new ,engl&4    ,tales ( ! ,:ite ,hills 
& ,sket*es 7,haw?orne74 ,h\ghton1       
,miffl91    ,co4        ,! ,great ,/one 
,face 9 ?is s]ies is "o ( ! *oice/      
/ories = *ildr5 9 ,engli%4    ,plut>*'s 
,alex&] ! ,great4 ,h\ghton1 ,miffl91    
,co4        ,a good biography = *ildr5 &
 s]ves well z an introduction       to  
,plut>*4    ,gr&fa!r's ,*air            

7,haw?orne74 ,h\ghton1 ,miffl91  ,co4   
,! be/ /ories we h ( e>ly & colonial    
,new ,engl&       hi/ory4 ,good also =  
sev5? grade4    ,*ildr5's ,h\r1 ,paul   
,rev]e1 & o!r pap]s 7,longfell[74       
,h\ghton1   ,miffl91  ,co4        ,?is  
conta9s also ! ,birds ( ,kill+wor?1 &   
o!r       ( ,longfell['s be/ %ort poems4
    ,birds & ,bees1 ,%>p ,eyes1 & o!r   
pap]s 7,burr\ghs74 ,h\ghton1   ,miffl91 
,co4 ,also = sev5? grade4        ,^! are
 among ! be/ ( ,burr\ghs's books =      
*ildr54       ,classic 9 /yle & *oice 9 
matt]4    ,haw?orne's ,biographical     
,/ories4 ,h\ghton1 ,miffl91  ,co4       
,sev5 ,am]ican ,classics 7,sw9ton74     
,am]ican ,book ,co4        ,a good      
collection ( ,am]ican classics suit$ to 
?is grade4    ,?ree ,outdoor ,pap]s     
7,higg9son74 ,h\ghton1 ,miffl91  ,co4   
,int]e/+ /udies ( nature 9 *oice /yle4  
,giles ,corey 7,longfell[74 ,h\ghton1   
,miffl91  ,co4        ,a drama ( !      
,salem wit*craft1 ) directions = its    
repres5tation on ! /age4    ,! ,build+ (

 ! ,%ip1 ,! ,masque ( ,p&ora1 & o!r     
poems   7,longfell[74 ,h\ghton1 ,miffl91
  ,co4        ,excell5t4 ,! ,masque (   
,p&ora c\ld be r5d]$ 9       dramatic =m
 by *ildr54 ,also = sev5? grade4        
,mabel ,m>t9 & o!r poems 7,:itti]74     
,h\ghton1 ,miffl91  ,co4        ,a *oice
 collection ( poems f ,:itti]4 ,a good  
picture       ( ,new ,engl& life4 ,us$  
also 9 sev5? & eigh? grades4    ,baby   
,bell1 ,! ,little ,viol9i/1 & o!r prose 
& v]se   7,aldri*74 ,h\ghton1 ,miffl91  
,co4        ,v *oice poems & /ories4    
,op5 ,sesame1 ,vol4 ,,ii1 & ,vol4 ,,iii4
 ,g9n  ,co4        ,poems & ballads4 ,a 
collection well arrang$ = v>i\s         
s*ool use1 = read+1 recitation1 &       
memoriz+4   #b4 ,,supplem5t>y ,,&       
,,ref]5ce ,,books    ,t5 ,great ,ev5ts 9
 ,hi/ory 7,johonnot74 ,d4 ,appleton     
,co4        ,good collat]al read+ 9 ?is 
grade4    ,lani]'s ,froiss>t4 ,scribn]'s
 ,sons4        ,a f9e /ory = libr>y     
7#b4jj74    ,*ild's ,hi/ory ( ,engl&    
7,dick5s74 ,hur/  ,co42 ,h\ghton1       

,miffl91    ,co42 ,am]ican ,book ,co4   
,a book mu* us$4 ,%\ld be 9 a s*ool     
libr>y4    ,tales f ,%akespe>e 7,lamb74 
,am]ican ,book ,co42 ,macmillan ,co42   
,educational ,publi%+ ,co42 ,d4 ,c4     
,hea?  ,co42 ,h\ghton1 ,miffl91    ,co4 
,design$ z an introduction to ! plays ( 
,%akespe>e4       ,language & /yle      
sup]ior4 ,us$ also 9 sev5? grade4       
,pilgrim's ,progress 7,bunyan74         
,macmillan ,co42 ,g9n  ,co42 ,h\ghton1  
,miffl91  ,co42 ,univ]sity ,publi%+ ,co4
        ,! fam\s old /ory :i* all *ildr5
 %\ld read4 ,a       book = ! libr>y & !
 home4    ,/ory ( ,caes> 7,cl>ke74      
,am]ican ,book ,co4    ,h]oes &         
,patriots ( ! ,revolution 7,h>t74 ,!    
,macmillan ,co4    ,swiss ,family       
,rob9son4 ,g9n  ,co42 ,educational      
,publi%+ ,co4    ,a libr>y book =       
*ildr54 ,univ]sity ,publi%+ ,co4        
,/ories f ,old ,engli% ,poetry          
7,ri*>dson74 ,h\ghton1 ,miffl91  ,co4   
,an excell5t s]ies ( /ories f ,*auc] &  
o!rs4    ,hi/orical ,tales1 ,engli%     

7,morris74 ,j4 ,b4 ,lipp9cott4        ,a
 good collection ( ,engli% hi/ory       
/ories4    ,selections f ,irv+4 ,sibley 
,duck]4        ,a v>iety ( int]e/+      
selections f ,irv+'s works4    ,!       
,conque/ ( ,mexico 7,prescott74 ,mayn>d1
 ,m]rill1  ,co4        ,! /ory ( ,cortes
 & 8 adv5tures told by a ma/]4          
,william ,tell 7,mc,murry74 ,silv]1     
,burdett1  ,co4        ,! drama (       
,s*ill]'s ,wilhelm ,tell1 translat$ into
 simple       ,engli%4 ,adapt$ =        
repres5tation4    ,s\rce ,book (        
,am]ican ,hi/ory 7,h>t74 ,macmillan ,co4
        ,! p>ts be>+ on ! colonial      
hi/ory4 ,orig9al s\rces1       lett]s1  
etc4    ,/ory ( a ,bad ,boy 7,aldri*74  
,h\ghton1 ,miffl91  ,co4        ,a good 
n>rative ( boy life1 humor\s & ent]ta9+4
    ,lay ( ! ,la/ ,m9/rel 7,scott74 ,!  
,macmillan ,co42 ,mayn>d1   ,m]rill1    
,co42 ,g9n  ,co42 ,h\ghton1 ,miffl91    
,co4        ,"o ( ! be/ descriptions ( !
 old m9/relsy4 ,suitable       = six? & 
sev5? grades4    ,*oice ,engli% ,lyrics 

7,baldw974 ,silv]1 ,burdett1  ,co4      
,a great v>iety ( *oice poems1 ballads1 
lyrics1 &       sonnets4    ,poetry ( ! 
,seasons 7,lovejoy74 ,silv]1 ,burdett1  
,co4        ,a *oice collection ( nature
 poems4    ,wild]ness ,ways 7,long74    
,g9n  ,co4        ,an int]e/+ /udy (    
wild animals1 birds1 etc4    ,fam\s     
,allegories 7,baldw974 ,silv]1 ,burdett1
  ,co4        ,a good selection =       
ref]5ce read+ & = tea*]s4    ,rab & ,8  
,fri5ds 7,br[n74 ,educational ,publi%+  
,co42 ,d4 ,c4 ,hea?    ,co42 ,h\ghton1  
,miffl91  ,co4        ,int]e/+ /ories ( 
dogs = *ildr54    ,/ory ( ,oliv] ,twi/  
7,dick5s74 ,d4 ,appleton  ,co4          
,suitable = introduc+ *ildr5 to ,dick5s4
    ,und9e 7,f\que74 ,g9n  ,co4    ,n9e 
,worlds 7,lit*field74 ,g9n  ,co4        
,hans ,br9k]1 or ! ,silv] ,skates 7,m>y 
,mapes ,dodge74 ,c5tury ,co4    ,don    
,quixote 7,de la ,man*a74 ,scribn]'s    
,sons2 ,g9n  ,co4    ,tales ( a         
,travell] 7,irv+74 ,am]ican ,book ,co42 
,mayn>d1 ,m]rill1    ,co4        ,v>i\s 

int]e/+ /ories ( adv5ture4    ,pilgrims 
& ,puritans 7,moore74 ,g9n  ,co4        
,"o ( ! be/ books on ! e>ly hi/ory (    
,plym\? &       ,bo/on4 ,v simple & well
 told4    ,/ories f ,wav]ley 7,gassiot74
 ,! ,macmillan ,co4        ,= ref]5ce   
read+4 ,/ories f ,scott4    ,gold5      
,treasury ( ,songs & ,lyrics            
7,palgrave74 ,! ,macmillan ,co4         
,a collection ( ! be/ songs & lyrical   
poems4    ,! ,rose & ! ,r+ 7,?ack]ay74  
,d4 ,c4 ,hea?  ,co4    ,knick]bock]     
,/ories4 ,univ]sity ,publi%+ ,co4       
,boys ( '#gf 7,c(f974 ,h>p] ,bro!rs4    
,a reali/ic acc\nt ( ,revolution>y      
sc5es4    ,/ories ( ,bird ,life         
7,pe>son74 ,b4 ,f4 ,johnson ,publi%+    
,co4        ,simple descriptions by a   
close obs]v] ( birds4    ,our ,c\ntry 9 
,prose & ,v]se4 ,am]ican ,book ,co4     
,excell5t collection = *ildr5's use4    
,/ories ( ,animal ,life 7,hold574       
,am]ican ,book ,co4    ,/ories f ,engli%
 ,hi/ory 7,*ur*74 ,! ,macmillan ,co4    
,9 two volumes4 ,! second "p is         

especially suit$ to       six? grade4   
,p>ts also ( ,"p ,"o4    ,*ildr5's      
,/ories ( ,am]ican ,lit]ature 7,wright74
 #affj-ahfj4   ,scribn]'s ,sons4        
,%ort biographies ( ! *ief ,am]ican     
writ]s4    ,gold5 ,arr[ 7,hall74        
,h\ghton1 ,miffl91  ,co4   #c4 ,,tea*]s'
 ,,books    ,pet] ! ,great 7,motley74   
,mayn>d1 ,m]rill1  ,co4        ,a v     
int]e/+ essay = tea*]s & = old] pupils4 
,fr$]ick ! ,great 7,macaulay74 ,mayn>d1 
,m]rill1  ,co4        ,= tea*]s only4   
,int]e/+ 9 /yle & cont5t4    ,life      
,hi/ories ( ,am]ican ,insects 7,we$74 ,!
 ,macmillan ,co4        ,an int]e/+     
sci5tific treatm5t4    ,vic> (          
,wakefield 7,goldsmi?74 ,g9n  ,co42     
,am]ican ,book ,co42 ,d4 ,c4   ,hea?    
,co42 ,h\ghton1 ,miffl91  ,co42 ,!      
,macmillan ,co42 ,!   ,univ]sity        
,publi%+ ,co4    ,! ,talisman 7,scott74 
,am]ican ,book ,co42 ,g9n  ,co4         
,introduction to ,lit]ature 7,lewis74 ,!
 ,macmillan ,co4        ,good           
selections4    ,s\rce ,book ( ,engli%   

,hi/ory 7,k5dall74 ,! ,macmillan ,co4   
,good selections = six?1 sev5?1 & eigh? 
grades4    ,twice ,told ,tales          
7,haw?orne74 ,h\ghton1 ,miffl91  ,co4   
,old ,virg9ia & ,h] ,neighbors1 two     
volumes 7,fiske74 ,h\ghton1   ,miffl91  
,co4    ,! ,dut* & ,quak] ,colonies 9   
,am]ica1 two volumes 7,fiske74          
,h\ghton1 ,miffl91  ,co4        ,^! f\r 
volumes are excell5t = ! treatm5t (     
colonial       hi/ory4    ,an           
,introduction to ,rusk94 ,sibley        
,duck]4        ,extracts f ,rusk9's     
pr9cipal writ+s4    ,essay on ,milton   
7,macaulay74 ,mayn>d1 ,m]rill1  ,co42   
,am]ican ,book   ,co42 ,! ,macmillan    
,co4        ,a good example (           
,macaulay's /yle4    ,hi/ory ( ,engl&   
7,macaulay74 ,mayn>d1 ,m]rill1  ,co4    
,a brief hi/ory ( ,engl& f ! e>lie/     
times to #affj4    ,! ,iliad 7,bryant74 
,h\ghton1 ,miffl91  ,co4    ,books &    
,libr>ies 7,l[ell74 ,h\ghton1 ,miffl91  
,co4        ,a valuable & int]e/+ essay 
on libr>ies & books4       ,also o!r    

essays4    ,! ,r$ ,cross ,/ory ,book    
7,lang74 ,longmans  ,co4    ,montcalm & 
,wolfe 7,p>kman74 ,little1 ,br[n1  ,co4 
,wa%+ton ,irv+ 7,w>n]74 ,h\ghton1       
,miffl91  ,co4        ,( ! ,am]ican ,m5 
( ,lett]s ,s]ies4    ,conspiracy (      
,pontiac 7,p>kman74 ,little1 ,br[n1     
,co4    ,! ,=tune ( ! ,republic         
7,em]son74 ,h\ghton1 ,miffl91  ,co4     
,nature ,pictures by ,am]ican ,poets    
7,m>ble74 ,! ,macmillan ,co4        ,a  
*oice collection ( nature poems4        
,poetic ,int]pretation ( ,nature        
7,%airp74 ,h\ghton1 ,miffl91  ,co4      
,an int]e/+ treatise on ! s\rces (      
poetry 9 nature4    ,we/w>d ,ho6        
7,k+sley74 ,! ,macmillan ,co42 ,!       
,univ]sity ,publi%+   ,co4        ,a    
/ory ( ! "t ( ,elizabe?4    ,!          
,s*oolma/] 9 ,lit]ature4 ,am]ican ,book 
,co4    ,also its companion book1 ,!    
,s*oolma/] 9 ,com$y & ,satire4          
,am]ican ,book ,co4    ,sc>let ,lett]   
7,haw?orne74    ,la/ ( ! ,mohicans      
7,coop]74 ,d4 ,c4 ,hea?  ,co42 ,h\ghton1

 ,miffl91    ,co42 ,macmillan ,co42     
,univ]sity ,pub4 ,co4    ,h5ry ,esmond  
7,?ack]ay74 ,h\ghton1 ,miffl92          
,macmillan4    ,ni*olas ,nickleby       
7,*>les ,dick5s74   ,,sev5? ,,grade  #a4
 ,,books ,,= ,,regul> ,,read+ ,,lessons 
,evangel9e 7,longfell[74 ,h\ghton1      
,miffl91  ,co42 ,! ,macmillan ,co42   ,!
 ,univ]sity ,publi%+ ,co4        ,?is   
has be5 mu* us$ 9 sev5? & eigh? grades4 
,sella1 ,?anatopsis1 & ,o!r ,poems      
7,bryant74 ,h\ghton1 ,miffl91    ,co42  
,mayn>d1 ,m]rill1  ,co4        ,"s (    
,bryant's be/ poetic productions4 ,or   
eigh? grade4    ,sohrab & ,ru/um        
7,arnold74 ,am]ican ,book ,co42         
,h\ghton1 ,miffl91    ,co42 ,mayn>d     
,m]rill2 ,w]n] ,s*ool ,book ,co42       
,educational ,publi%+   ,co4            
,/yle simple b highly poetic4 ,us$ also 
9 eigh? grade4    ,cricket on ! ,he>?   
7,dick5s74 ,h\ghton1 ,miffl91  ,co42    
,mayn>d1   ,m]rill1  ,co4    ,eno* ,ard5
 & ! ,lotus ,eat]s 7,t5nyson74 ,mayn>d1 
,m]rill1  ,co42   ,h\ghton1 ,miffl91    

,co42 ,! ,macmillan ,co42 ,univ]sity    
,publi%+ ,co4        ,us$ 9 sev5? &     
eigh? grades & high s*ools4    ,m]*ant (
 ,v5ice 7,%akespe>e74 ,am]ican ,book    
,co42 ,g9n  ,co42 ,!   ,macmillan ,co42 
,d4 ,c4 ,hea?  ,co42 ,h\ghton1 ,miffl91 
,co42 ,mayn>d    ,m]rill2 ,educational  
,publi%+ ,co42 ,univ]sity ,publi%+ ,co4 
,! be/ ( ,%akespe>e's = ?is grade4 ,p>ts
 ( x are       (t5 dramatiz$ & pres5t$4 
,mu* lik$ by ! *ildr54    ,tales ( a    
,gr&fa!r 7,scott74 ,g9n  ,co42          
,educational ,publi%+   ,co42 ,univ]sity
 ,publi%+ ,co4        ,/ories (         
,wallace1 ,bruce1 ,d\glas1 & o!r ,scot* 
h]oes4       ,%\ld be read only 9 p>ts 9
 class4 ,libr>y book4    ,poems (       
,em]son4 ,h\ghton1 ,miffl91  ,co4       
,hi/orical & nature poems1 ) a good     
introduction4 ,a       small b important
 collection ( poems = old] *ildr54    ,!
 ,cott]'s ,saturday ,night 7,burns74    
,h\ghton1 ,miffl91  ,co42   ,mayn>d1    
,m]rill1  ,co4        ,conta9s also ,tam
 ,o',%ant] & o!r poems ( ,burns's be/4  

,bunk] ,hill1 ,adams1 & ,jeff]son       
7,web/]74 ,h\ghton1 ,miffl91  ,co42     
,am]ican ,book ,co42 ,mayn>d1 ,m]rill1  
,co4        ,hi/orical1 patriotic1 &    
simple 9 /yle4 ,! be/ ( ,web/]'s        
spee*es = sev5? & eigh? grades4    ,poor
 ,ri*>d's ,almanac 7,frankl974 ,h\ghton1
 ,miffl91  ,co4        ,?is conta9s also
 int]e/+ pap]s & lett]s by ,frankl94    
,! prov]bs ( ,frankl9 are well des]v+ ! 
/udy (       *ildr54    ,scudd]'s ,life 
( ,wa%+ton4 ,h\ghton1 ,miffl91  ,co4    
,be/ life ( ,wa%+ton = gramm> grades4   
,s\rce ,book ( ,am]ican ,hi/ory 7,h>t74 
,! ,macmillan ,co4        ,excell5t     
read+ selections = six?1 sev5?1 & eigh? 
grades4    ,gr&mo!r's ,/ory & ,o!r      
,poems 7,holmes74 ,h\ghton1 ,miffl91    
,co4        ,"s ( ,holmes's be/         
patriotic & humor\s poems4    ,! ,plant 
,_w 7,v9c5t74 ,d4 ,appleton  ,co4       
,a sup]ior collection ( extracts f great
 sci5tific writ]s4       ,"o ( ! be/    
sci5ce read]s = upp] grades4    ,poetry 
( ! ,seasons 7,lovejoy74 ,silv]1        

,burdett1  ,co4        ,good collection 
= read+ & v>i\s uses4    ,william ,tell 
7,mc,murry74 ,silv]1 ,burdett1  ,co4    
,suitable = sev5?-grade read+4 ,a drama4
    ,gold5 ,treasury ( ,be/ ,songs &    
,lyrical ,poems 7,palgrave74 ,!         
,macmillan ,co4   #b4 ,,supplem5t>y ,,& 
,,ref]5ce ,,books    ,rules ( ,conduct  
7,wa%+ton74 ,h\ghton1 ,miffl91  ,co4    
,conta9+ also 8 lett]s1 f>ewell address1
 & o!r       important pap]s4           
,%akespe>e's ,trag$ies 7,lamb74 ,am]ican
 ,book ,co42 ,! ,macmillan ,co4         
,companion book to ! ,com$ies4          
,natural ,hi/ory ( ,selborne 7,:ite74   
,g9n  ,co4        ,a fam\s old book1    
int]e/+ bo? 9 /yle & cont5t4       ,"o (
 ! fir/ books ( real nature /udy4       
,lett]s 7,*e/]field74 ,g9n  ,co42       
,mayn>d1 ,m]rill1  ,co4 ,!   ,macmillan 
,co4        ,ent]ta9+ & unique4         
,valuable = read+ extracts to       !   
s*ool4    ,plut>*'s ,lives4 ,g9n  ,co42 
,! ,macmillan ,co42 ,educational        
,publi%+ ,co4        ,a book t all      

gramm> s*ool *ildr5 %\ld be enc\rag$    
to read4    ,! ,two ,great ,retreats    
7,grote-,segur74 ,g9n  ,co4             
,retreat ( ! t5 ?\s& ,greeks1 &         
,napoleon's retreat       f ,russia4    
,! ,alhambra 7,irv+74 ,g9n  ,co42       
,mayn>d1 ,m]rill1  ,co4 ,!   ,macmillan 
,co4        ,mo/ attractive descriptions
 & leg5ds connect$ )       ! ,alhambra4 
,pet] ,s*lemihl 7,*amisso74 ,g9n  ,co4  
,picciola 7,sa9t9e74 ,g9n  ,co4         
,hatim ,tai 7f ! ,p]sian74 ,g9n  ,co4   
,life ( ,nelson 7,s\!y74 ,g9n  ,co42    
,am]ican ,book ,co42 ,! ,macmillan      
,co4    ,camps & ,firesides ( !         
,revolution 7,h>t74 ,! ,macmillan ,co4  
,int]e/+ s\rce mat]ial4    ,! ,cr(ton   
,boys 7,m>t9eau74 ,d4 ,c4 ,hea?  ,co4   
,orations on ,wa%+ton & ,l&+ ( !        
,pilgrims 7,web/]74 ,am]ican   ,book    
,co4        ,a few *ildr5 may be        
enc\rag$ to read ^! great spee*es1      
among ! be/ 9 our hi/ory4 ,some:at      
difficult4    ,silas ,m>n] 7,eliot74 ,! 
,macmillan ,co42 ,sibley  ,duck]2       

,am]ican   ,book ,co42 ,g9n  ,co42 ,d4  
,c4 ,hea?  ,co42 ,h\ghton1 ,miffl91     
,co42   ,educational ,publi%+ ,co4      
,a good introduction = *ildr5 to ,george
 ,eliot's writ+s4       ,us$ 9 eigh?    
grade & high s*ool4    ,vic> (          
,wakefield 7,goldsmi?74 ,g9n  ,co42     
,am]ican ,book ,co42 ,d4 ,c4   ,hea?    
,co42 ,h\ghton1 ,miffl91  ,co42 ,!      
,macmillan ,co42 ,mayn>d1   ,m]rill1    
,co42 ,univ4 ,pub4 ,co4        ,"o ( !  
great books1 p]meat$ ) ,goldsmi?'s f9e  
/yle & humor4    ,two ,ye>s ,be=e ! ,ma/
 7,dana74 ,h\ghton1 ,miffl91  ,co4      
,a book ( real p[] = boys & girls4    ,a
 ,bun* ( ,h]bs 7,burr\ghs74 ,h\ghton1   
,miffl91  ,co4        ,good nature /udy 
= pupils & tea*]s4 ,also = regul>       
read+4    ,samuel ,adams 7,morse74      
,h\ghton1 ,miffl91  ,co4        ,"o ( ! 
be/ ( ,am]ican biographies4 ,"o ( ! be/ 
descriptions ( sc5es 9 ,bo/on j prec$+ !
       ,revolution4    ,tom ,br[n's     
,s*ool ,days 7,hughes74 ,! ,macmillan   
,co42 ,h\ghton1   ,miffl91  ,co42 ,g9n  

,co42 ,educational ,publi%+ ,co4        
,a /ory = boys4 ,vigor\s & true to life4
    ,la/ ( ! ,mohicans 7,coop]74 ,!     
,macmillan ,co42 ,mayn>d1 ,m]rill1      
,co42 ,d4 ,c4 ,hea?  ,co42 ,h\ghton1    
,miffl91  ,co42 ,univ]sity   ,publi%+   
,co4        ,a good book ) :i* to       
introduce "y p to       ,coop]'s fam\s  
/ories4    ,frankl9's ,autobiography4   
,g9n  ,co42 ,h\ghton1 ,miffl91  ,co42   
,mayn>d1 ,m]rill1  ,co42 ,am]ican ,book 
,co42 ,! ,macmillan ,co42 ,!            
,educational ,publi%+ ,co4        ,a    
book t all "y p %\ld read4 ,valuable 9  
_m ways4    ,uncle ,tom's ,cab9 7,/[e74 
,h\ghton1 ,miffl91  ,co4        ,a      
libr>y book = home read+4    ,f ,colony 
to ,commonweal? 7,moore74 ,g9n  ,co4    
,simple acc\nt ( ! e>ly ev5ts ( !       
,revolution ab\t       ,bo/on4          
,/ories f ! ,classic ,lit]ature ( ,_m   
,nations 7,palm]74   ,! ,macmillan ,co4 
,! ,gold ,bug & ,o!r ,tales 7,poe74     
,h\ghton1 ,miffl91  ,co4    ,am]ican ,w>
 ,ballads & ,lyrics 7,eggle/on74 ,g4 ,p4

 ,putnam's ,sons4    ,! ,siege ( ,leyd5 
7,motley74 ,d4 ,c4 ,hea?  ,co4          
,twelve ,naval ,capta9s4 ,scribn]'s     
,sons4        ,%ort biographies ( naval 
h]oes4    ,op5 ,sesame1 ,volume ,,iii4  
,g9n  ,co4        ,a collection = v>i\s 
uses1 prose & v]se4 ,patriotism1        
s5tim5t1 humor1 & nature4    ,birddom   
7,keys]74 ,d4 ,lo?rop  ,co4        ,good
 = regul> read+4 ,writt5 9 ! f9e /yle ( 
a       true lov] ( nature4    ,t[n     
,geology 7,k+sley74 ,! ,macmillan ,co4  
,an int]e/+ book = ^? pr$ispos$ to      
sci5ce4    ,*ildr5's ,/ories ( ,am]ican 
,lit]ature 7#ahfj-ahif7 7,wright74      
,scribn]'s ,sons4        ,%ort          
biographies ( rec5t ,am]ican writ]s4    
,pr9ce & ,paup] 7,clem5s74 ,h>p]  ,bros4
   #c4 ,,tea*]s' ,,books    ,education &
 ! ,l>g] ,life 7,h5d]son74 ,h\ghton1    
,miffl91  ,co4        ,a book ( great   
value to tea*]s = ?\ghtful /udy4        
,critical ,p]iod ( ,am]ican ,hi/ory     
7,fiske74 ,h\ghton1 ,miffl91  ,co4      
,a v sup]ior & int]e/+ book ( ! p]iod j 

aft]       ! ,revolution4    ,! ,beg9n+s
 ( ,new ,engl& 7,fiske74 ,h\ghton1      
,miffl91  ,co4        ,valuable = six? &
 sev5? grade tea*]s4    ,birds 9 ! ,bu% 
7,torrey74 ,h\ghton1 ,miffl91  ,co4     
,ent]ta9+ nature /udy by a ma/]4        
,ne/l+s 9 ,=e/ & ,m>% 7,:eelock74  ,a4  
,c4 ,mc,clurg4        ,a sugge/ive book 
= tea*]s & old] pupils4    ,madam ,h[ & 
,lady ,:y 7,k+sley74 ,! ,macmillan ,co4 
,int]e/+ /yle & cont5t4    ,brave       
,little ,holl& 7,griffis74 ,h\ghton1    
,miffl91  ,co4        ,a hi/orical /udy 
( ! ,dut* 9 ,holl& & 9 ?is       c\ntry4
    ,famili> ,fl[]s ( ,field & ,g>d5    
7,mat!ws74 ,d4 ,appleton  ,co4          
,an easy /udy ( common plants & fl[]s   
accord+ to       ! seasons4    ,guy     
,mann]+ 7,scott74 ,g9n  ,co4            
,autocrat ( ! ,breakfa/ ,table          
7,holmes74 ,h\ghton1 ,miffl91  ,co4     
,tale ( ,two ,cities 7,dick5s74 ,g9n    
,co42 ,am]ican ,book ,co4    ,life (    
,pe/alozzi 7de ,guimps74 ,d4 ,appleton  
,co4    ,fir/ ,bunk] ,hill ,oration     

7,web/]74 ,d4 ,c ,hea?  ,co4    ,mill on
 ! ,floss 7,george ,eliot74    ,hugh    
,wynne1 ,free ,quak] 7,mit*ell74 ,c5tury
 ,co4    ,! ,=tune ( ! ,republic        
7,em]son74 ,h\ghton1 ,miffl91  ,co4     
,v /imulat+ to tea*]s4    ,ma/]pieces ( 
,am]ican ,lit]ature 7,scudd]74 ,h\ghton1
 ,miffl91    ,co4        ,"o ( ! be/    
collections ( classical ma/]pieces4     
,life ( ,samuel ,johnson 7,macaulay74   
,mayn>d1 ,m]rill1  ,co42 ,h\ghton1      
,miffl91  ,co4        ,v f9e1 9         
,macaulay's sup]ior /yle4    ,mod]n     
,pa9t]s 7,rusk974 ,v>i\s publi%]s4      
,= tea*]s1 a good /udy 9 ,rusk94        
,essay on ,burns 7,c>lyle74 ,mayn>d1    
,m]rill1  ,co42 ,! ,macmillan ,co42     
,h\ghton1 ,miffl91  ,co42 ,d4 ,c4 ,hea? 
,co42 ,educational ,publi%+   ,co4      
,an int]e/+ subject & an able treatm5t4 
,read+s f ! ,spectator4 ,educational    
,publi%+ ,co42 ,mayn>d1   ,m]rill1  ,co4
        ,rog] de ,cov]ley & o!r select$ 
p>ts ( essays f       ,addison4    ,six 
,c5turies ( ,engli% ,poetry 7,baldw974  

,silv]1 ,burdett1  ,co4        ,valuable
 = ref]5ce & occasional /udy4           
,fiske's ,wa%+ton & ,8 ,c\ntry 7,irv+74 
,g9n  ,co4        ,good life ( ,wa%+ton 
& hi/ory ( ! ,revolution4    ,! ,w> (   
,indep5d5ce 7,fiske74 ,h\ghton1 ,miffl91
  ,co4    ,poetic ,int]pretation (      
,nature 7,%airp74 ,h\ghton1 ,miffl91    
,co4    ,m]e ,lit]ature 7,woodr[        
,wilson74 ,h\ghton1 ,miffl91  ,co4      
,an int]e/+ s]ies ( essays = tea*]s4    
,! ,life ( ,alex&] ,hamilton 7,lodge74  
,h\ghton1 ,miffl91  ,co4    ,! ,/udy &  
,tea*+ ( ,engli% 7,*ubb74 ,! ,macmillan 
,co4    ,burke's ,spee* on ,conciliation
 ) ,am]ica4 ,d4 ,c4 ,hea?  ,co42        
,am]ican ,book ,co42 ,! ,macmillan ,co4 
,,eigh? ,,grade  #a4 ,,books ,,=        
,,regul> ,,read+ ,,lessons    ,vision ( 
,sir ,launfal 7,l[ell74 ,h\ghton1       
,miffl91  ,co42 ,!   ,macmillan ,co4    
,"o ( ! be/ poems 9 ,engli% = s*ool use4
    ,julius ,caes> 7,%akespe>e74        
,am]ican ,book ,co42 ,! ,macmillan ,co42
   ,silv]1 ,burdett1  ,co42 ,d4 ,c4     

,hea?  ,co42 ,h\ghton1 ,miffl91  ,co42  
,mayn>d1 ,m]rill1  ,co42 ,! ,educational
 ,publi%+ ,co42 ,univ]sity   ,publi%+   
,co4        ,well suit$ = eigh? grade   
/udy & pres5tation4 ,us$       also 9   
high s*ools4    ,tales ( a ,wayside ,inn
 7,longfell[74 ,h\ghton1 ,miffl91  ,co4 
,bunk] ,hill1 ,adams1 & ,jeff]son       
7,web/]74 ,h\ghton1 ,miffl91  ,co4      
,rog] de ,cov]ley 7,addison74 ,!        
,macmillan ,co42 ,am]ican ,book ,co42   
,h\ghton1 ,miffl91  ,co42 ,!            
,educational ,publi%+ ,co42 ,silv]1     
,burdett1  ,co42 ,sibley  ,duck]2 ,d4   
,c4 ,hea?  ,co42 ,mayn>d1 ,m]rill1      
,co4        ,an excell5t /udy = *ildr5 9
 eigh? grade4 ,also us$       9 high    
s*ools4    ,9 ,bird ,l& 7,keys]74 ,a4   
,c4 ,mc,clurg  ,co4        ,a book      
adapt$ to awak5 ! *ildr5 to a sympa!tic 
obs]vation ( birds4    ,lady ( ! ,lake  
7,scott74 ,mayn>d1 ,m]rill1  ,co42      
,am]ican ,book ,co42   ,g9n  ,co42      
,h\ghton1 ,miffl91  ,co42 ,! ,macmillan 
,co42 ,d4 ,c4 ,hea?    ,co42 ,!         

,educational ,publi%+ ,co42 ,univ]sity  
,publi%+ ,co4        ,an attractive     
/udy4 ,some:at difficult4    ,m>mion    
7,scott74 ,g9n  ,co42 ,mayn>d1 ,m]rill1 
,co42 ,! ,macmillan   ,co42 ,!          
,educational ,publi%+ ,co42 ,h\ghton1   
,miffl91  ,co42   ,am]ican ,book ,co4   
,a great hi/orical picture1 full (      
int]e/4    ,! ,great ,debate            
7,hayne-,web/]74 ,h\ghton1 ,miffl91     
,co42 ,mayn>d1   ,m]rill1  ,co4         
,a f9e /udy ( =5sic debate4 ,incid5tally
 a deep]       appreciation ( hi/ory4   
,some:at difficult = eigh?       grade4 
,a ,bun* ( ,h]bs 7,burr\ghs74 ,h\ghton1 
,miffl91  ,co4        ,a v sugge/ive    
/udy ( common plants1 trees1 wea!r1 etc4
    ,burke on ,conciliation4 ,sibley    
,duck]2 ,g9n  ,co42 ,! ,macmillan ,co42 
,silv]1 ,burdett1  ,co42 ,h\ghton1      
,miffl91  ,co42 ,am]ican ,book ,co42    
,d4 ,c4 ,hea?  ,co42 ,mayn>d1 ,m]rill1  
,co4 ,us$ also 9 high s*ool4        ,a  
great /udy bo? z lit]ature & z hi/ory4  
,"o ( !       be/ /udies 9 ,am]ican     

hi/ory be=e ! ,revolution4    ,!        
,gettysburg ,spee* 7,l9coln74 ,h\ghton1 
,miffl91  ,co4        ,! inaugurals1 an 
essay by ,l[ell on ,l9coln & o!r        
pap]s4    ,! ,des]t$ ,village1 & ,!     
,travell] 7,goldsmi?74 ,! ,macmillan    
,co42 ,h\ghton1 ,miffl91  ,co42 ,mayn>d1
 ,m]rill1  ,co4        ,! be/ (         
,goldsmi?'s poems4 ,also %ort] poems4   
,frankl9's ,autobiography4 ,! ,macmillan
 ,co42 ,g9n  ,co42 ,h\ghton1   ,miffl91 
,co42 ,mayn>d1 ,m]rill1  ,co42 ,am]ican 
,book ,co42 ,!   ,educational ,publi%+  
,co4        ,p>tly = class use & p>tly =
 ref]5ce read+4    ,plut>*'s ,lives4    
,g9n  ,co42 ,! ,educational ,publi%+    
,co42 ,!   ,macmillan ,co4        ,a few
 = class read+4 ,o!rs = ref]5ce4        
,translation ( ,hom]'s ,odyssey         
7,palm]74 ,h\ghton1 ,miffl91  ,co4      
,abraham ,l9coln 7,s*urz74 ,h\ghton1    
,miffl91  ,co4    ,two ,great ,retreats 
7,grote-,segur74 ,g9n  ,co4        ,good
 sight read+1 & = ref]5ce4    ,pet] !   
,great 7,motley74 ,mayn>d1 ,m]rill1     

,co4        ,a v int]e/+ essay 9 sup]ior
 /yle4    ,! ,succession ( ,=e/ ,trees1 
,wild ,apples1 & ,s\nds 7,?oreau74      
,h\ghton1 ,miffl91  ,co4        ,a v    
attractive nature /udy4   #b4           
,,supplem5t>y ,,& ,,ref]5ce ,,books     
,rusk9's ,selections4 ,g9n  ,co42 ,!    
,macmillan ,co4        ,long] selections
 f ,rusk94 ,excell5t also = regul>      
read+4    ,my ,hunt aft] ! ,capta91 etc4
 7,holmes74 ,h\ghton1 ,miffl91  ,co4    
,a v ent]ta9+ description ( sc5es dur+  
w> times4    ,don ,quixote 7,c]vantes74 
,g9n  ,co42 ,! ,macmillan ,co42         
,scribn]'s   ,sons4        ,a book t    
*ildr5 %\ld be enc\rag$ to read4 ,its   
satire       & humor !y %\ld le>n to    
appreciate4    ,ivanhoe 7,scott74 ,!    
,macmillan ,co42 ,g9n  ,co42 ,am]ican   
,book ,co42   ,h\ghton1 ,miffl91  ,co42 
,d4 ,c4 ,hea?  ,co4        ,! be/       
introduction to ,scott's novels1 9      
connection )       s*ool /udies4    ,!  
,abbot 7,scott74 ,g9n  ,co42 ,am]ican   
,book ,co4        ,"o ( ,scott's be/    

/ories4    ,ye/]days ) ,au?ors 7,james  
,t4 ,fields74 ,h\ghton1 ,miffl91  ,co4  
,rob ,roy1 & ,qu5t9 ,durw>d 7,scott74   
,g9n  ,co42 ,am]ican ,book ,co4         
,good libr>y books4    ,! ,h\se ( ,sev5 
,gables 7,haw?orne74 ,h\ghton1 ,miffl91 
,co4        ,a ,new ,engl& /ory 9       
,haw?orne's /yle4 ,a good home          
/udy = *ildr5 & tea*]s4    ,! ,boy's    
,br[n+4 ,dana1 ,e/es1  ,co4        ,a   
good collection ( ! simpl] poems adapt$ 
to y\ng]       read]s4    ,tale ( ,two  
,cities 7,dick5s74 ,g9n  ,co42 ,am]ican 
,book ,co4    ,jean ,valjean 7f ,les    
,mis]ables74 ,g9n  ,co42 ,educational   
,publi%+ ,co4    ,! ,talisman 7,scott74 
,am]ican ,book ,co42 ,g9n  ,co4         
,treasure ,isl& 7,/ev5son74 ,scribn]'s  
,sons4    ,life ( ,wa%+ton 7,/atesm5    
,s]ies74 ,h\ghton1 ,miffl91  ,co4       
,life ( ,nelson 7,s\!y74 ,! ,macmillan  
,co42 ,g9n  ,co42 ,am]ican ,book   ,co4 
,! ,foot-pa? ,way 7,torrey74 ,h\ghton1  
,miffl91  ,co4        ,"o ( ! be/ books 
= cultivat+ an appreciation =           

nature4    ,9 ,bird ,l& 7,keys]74 ,a4   
,c4 ,mc,clurg  ,co4        ,a v int]e/+ 
bird /udy4    ,! ,old ,manse1 & ,a ,few 
,mosses 7,haw?orne74 ,h\ghton1 ,miffl91 
,co4        ,a pleas+ acc\nt ( ! old    
h\se & its associations4    ,news f !   
,birds 7,keys]74 ,d4 ,appleton  ,co4    
,excell5t /udy & obs]vation4    ,peasant
 & ,pr9ce 7,m>t9eau74 ,g9n  ,co42 ,univ4
 ,pub4 ,co4        ,an int]e/+ n>rative 
( ,fr5* life j be=e !       ,revolution4
    ,a ,book ( ,fam\s ,v]se 7,reppli]74 
,h\ghton1 ,miffl91  ,co4        ,a      
sup]ior collection ( poems4    ,nature  
,pictures by ,am]ican ,poets 7,m>ble74  
,! ,macmillan ,co4        ,*oice poems  
descriptive ( nature4    ,sev5 ,briti%  
,classics4 ,am]ican ,book ,co4        ,a
 good collection ( ,engli% ma/]pieces4  
,adapt$ also       = regul> read+ 9     
sev5? & eigh? grades4    ,/> ,l&        
7,ball74 ,g9n  ,co4        ,a v int]e/+ 
& well-writt5 introduction to a/ronomy4 
,life ( ,john ,qu9cy ,adams 7,morse74   
,h\ghton1 ,miffl91  ,co4        ,!      

,/atesm5 ,s]ies4    ,poems ( ,am]ican   
,patriotism 7,mat!ws74 ,scribn]'s ,sons4
   #c4 ,,tea*]s' ,,books    ,culture &  
,an>*y 7,arnold74 ,mayn>d1 ,m]rill1     
,co4        ,x illu/rates well ,arnold's
 ?\ght & /yle4    ,ela9e 7,t5nyson74    
,mayn>d1 ,m]rill1  ,co42 ,! ,macmillan  
,co4        ,a beautiful poem1 simple & 
musical1 f ! ,idylls ( !       ,k+4     
,great ,words ( ,great ,am]icans        
7,putnam74        ,pap]s & addresses (  
,wa%+ton & ,l9coln4    ,lit]ature 9     
,s*ools 7,scudd]74 ,h\ghton1 ,miffl91   
,co4        ,a /imulat+ book = tea*]s ( 
all grades4    ,! ,pr9cess 7,t5nyson74  
,g9n  ,co42 ,! ,macmillan ,co42 ,mayn>d1
   ,m]rill1  ,co42 ,am]ican ,book ,co4  
,biblical ,ma/]pieces 7,m\lton74 ,!     
,macmillan ,co4    ,! ,book ,lov]       
7,baldw974 ,a4 ,c4 ,mc,clurg  ,co4      
,a discussion ( books & read+ ) li/s (  
books &       sugge/ions4    ,! ,/ory ( 
! ,birds 7,baskett74 ,d4 ,appleton  ,co4
        ,"o ( ! sup]ior books ( nature  
/udy4    ,frail ,*ildr5 ( ! ,air        

7,scudd]74 ,h\ghton1 ,miffl91  ,co4     
,a sci5tific b simple treatise on       
butt]flies4    ,books & ,culture        
7,mabie74 ,dodd1 ,mead1  ,co4        ,an
 attractive & valuable book on lit]ature
 = tea*]s4    ,sci5ce ,sket*es          
7,jordan74 ,a4 ,c4 ,mc,clurg  ,co4      
,a v attractive /yle 9 ! treatm5t (     
sci5tific topics4    ,birds ?r\gh an    
,op]a ,glass 7,m]riam74 ,h\ghton1       
,miffl91  ,co4        ,good outdoor     
/udy4    ,up & ,d[n ! ,brooks 7,bram=d74
 ,h\ghton1 ,miffl91  ,co4        ,a /udy
 ( insect life 9 ! /reams4    ,essays1  
fir/ s]ies 7,em]son74 ,h\ghton1 ,miffl91
  ,co4        ,essays on hi/ory1        
self-reliance1 comp5sation1 & o!rs4     
,tea*]s %\ld /udy ,em]son's essays4     
,h]oes & ,h]o-,wor%ip 7,c>lyle74 ,a4 ,c4
 ,mc,clurg  ,co42 ,! ,macmillan   ,co4  
,a great book & a good specim5 (        
,c>lyle's /yle &       ?\ght4           
,introductory ,lessons 9 ,engli%        
7,mc,neil & ,lyn*74 ,am]ican ,book ,co4 
,a s]ies ( ma/]pieces ) que/ions &      

discussions z       to treatm5t 9 high  
s*ools4    ,h[ to ,tea* ,read+ 7,cl>k74 
,scott1 ,=sman1  ,co4        ,a         
p$agogical treatm5t ( read+4    ,c\nsel 
^u ! ,read+ ( ,books 7,van ,dyke74      
,h\ghton1 ,miffl91  ,co4        ,/rong  
essays on books & read+ f diff]5t po9ts 
( view by /rong writ]s4    ,romola      
7,george ,eliot74 ,v>i\s publi%]s4      
,"o ( ! great novels4 ,valuable 9 _m    
ways4    ,macbe? 7,%akespe>e74 ,silv]1  
,burdett1  ,co42 ,d4 ,c4 ,hea?  ,co42   
,! ,macmillan ,co42 ,am]ican ,book ,co42
 ,! ,educational ,publi%+ ,co42         
,univ]sity ,publi%+ ,co4        ,?is &  
o!r great plays ( ,%akespe>e %\ld be    
read       by tea*]s4    ,life (        
,hamilton 7,/atesm5 ,s]ies74 ,h\ghton1  
,miffl91  ,co4    ,em]son's             
,self-,reliance4 ,mayn>d1 ,m]rill1  ,co4
    ,life ( ,web/] 7,lodge71 also ,john 
,qu9cy ,adams 7,morse74 ,h\ghton1       
,miffl91  ,co4        ,f ! ,/atesm5     
,s]ies4 ,excell5t read+ = ! tea*]4      
,lit]>y ,/udy ( ! ,bible 7,m\lton74 ,d4 

,c4 ,hea?  ,co4        ,a valuable      
introduction to ! lit]>y appreciation ( 
!       ,bible4    ,! ,m>ble ,faun      
7,haw?orne74 ,h\ghton1 ,miffl91  ,co4   
,plut>*'s ,lives4 ,g9n  ,co42 ,!        
,macmillan ,co42 ,! ,educational        
,publi%+ ,co4    ,locke's ,?\ghts on    
,education4 ,! ,macmillan ,co4          
,sp5c]'s ,education4 ,d4 ,appleton  ,co4
    ,daniel ,d]onda 7,george ,eliot74   
,dombey & ,son 7,*>les ,dick5s74    ,!  
,autobiography ( ,john ,/u>t ,mill4     
,! ,s*oolma/] 9 ,com$y & ,satire        
7,sk9n]74 ,! ,am]ican ,book ,co4        
,em]son's ,am]ican ,s*ol>4 ,am]ican     
,book ,co42 ,h\ghton1 ,miffl91    ,co42 
,mayn>d1 ,m]rill1  ,co4    ,! ,judgm5t (
 ,socrates4 ,h\ghton1 ,miffl91  ,co4    
,poets & ,problems 7,cooke74 ,h\ghton1  
,miffl91  ,co4    ,introduction to      
,t5nyson1 ,rusk91 & ,br[n+4    ,a       
,c5tury ( ,sci5ce & o!r ,essays         
7,fiske74 ,h\ghton1 ,miffl91    ,co4    
,am]ican ,writ]s ( ,to-day 7,v$d]74     
,silv]1 ,burdett1  ,co4    ,ralph ,waldo

 ,em]son 7,holmes74 ,am]ican ,m5 (      
,lett]s ,s]ies4   ,h\ghton1 ,miffl91    
,co4     ,,alphabetical ,,li/ ,,(       
,,titles     ,abbot1 ,!1 #bdb           
,abraham ,l9coln1 #bdb    ,adams1 ,bunk]
 ,hill1 & ,jeff]son1 #bce1 #bdj         
,adams1 ,life ( ,john ,qu9cy1 #bdd      
,adams1 ,samuel1 #bcg    ,adv5tures (   
,ulysses1 #bbc    ,age ( ,*ivalry1 #bbg 
,age ( ,fable1 #bba    ,alex&] ! ,great1
 #bbi    ,alhambra1 #bcf    ,alice's    
,adv5tures 9 ,wond]l&1 #bai    ,am]ican 
,explor]s1 #bbf    ,am]ican ,s*ol>1 #bdf
    ,am]ican ,w> ,ballads & ,lyrics1    
#bch    ,am]ican ,writ]s ( ,to-day1 #bdf
    ,&]s5's ,fairy ,tales1 #bag         
,arabian ,nights 7,cl>ke71 #bbd         
,arabian ,nights 7,hale71 #bbd          
,arabian ,nights1 ,/ories f !1 #baf     
,autobiography 7,frankl971 #bcg1 #bda   
,autobiography ( ,john ,/u>t ,mill1 #bdf
    ,autocrat ( ! ,breakfa/ ,table1 #bci
     ,baby ,bell1 ! ,little ,viol9i/1 & 
o!r prose & v]se1 #bbi    ,ballad ,book1
 #bah    ,ballads & ,lyrics1 #bbe       

,beg9n+s ( ,new ,engl&1 #bbb1 #bch      
,beg9n+s ( ,new ,engl&1 & ,discov]y (   
,am]ica1 #bbf    ,be+ a ,boy1 #bbj      
,biblical ,ma/]pieces1 #bdd    ,bimbi1  
#bah    ,biographical ,/ories           
7,haw?orne71 #bbc1 #bbi    ,birddom1    
#bbg1 #bch    ,birds & ,bees1 ,%>p      
,eyes1 & o!r pap]s1 #bbi    ,birds 9 !  
,bu%1 #bch    ,birds ?r\gh an ,op]a     
,glass1 #bdd    ,bird-,_w1 #bag         
,black ,beauty1 #bai    ,book ,lov]1    
#bdd    ,book ( ,fam\s ,v]se1 #bdc      
,book ( ,gold5 ,de$s1 #bbe    ,book (   
,leg5ds1 #bag    ,book ( ,tales1 #bag   
,books & ,culture1 #bdd    ,books &     
,libr>ies1 #bcc    ,boy's ,br[n+1 #bdc  
,boy's ,k+ ,ar?ur1 #bbe    ,boys ( '#gf1
 #bcb    ,brave ,little ,holl&1 #bci    
,br[nies1 ,!1 #bai    ,br[n+1 ,boy's1   
#bdc    ,br[n+1 ,introduction to        
,t5nyson1 ,rusk91 &1 #bdf    ,build+ ( !
 ,%ip1 #bbi    ,bun* ( ,h]bs1 #bcg1 #bda
    ,bunk] ,hill1 ,adams1 & ,jeff]son1  
#bce1 #bdj    ,burke on ,conciliation1  
#bda    ,burke's ,spee* on ,conciliation

 ) ,am]ica1 #bdj    ,burns1 ,essay on1  
#bci     ,caes>1 ,/ory (1 #bcj          
,cali=nia & ,oregon ,trail1 #bba        
,camps & ,firesides ( ! ,revolution1    
#bcf    ,c5tury ( ,sci5ce1 & o!r essays1
 #bdf    ,*ampla91 ,samuel de1 #bbg     
,*e/]field1 ,lett]s (1 #bcf    ,*ildhood
 9 ,lit]ature & ,art1 #bbf    ,*ild     
,life 9 ,poetry & ,prose1 #baf          
,*ildr5's ,h\r1 #bbc1 #bbi    ,*ildr5's 
,h\r1 ,paul ,rev]e1 & o!r pap]s1 #bbi   
,*ildr5's ,life ( ,abraham ,l9coln1 #bbf
    ,*ildr5's ,/ories ( ,am]ican        
,lit]ature1 #bba    ,*ildr5's ,/ories ( 
,am]ican ,lit]ature1 #affj-ahfj1 #bcb   
,*ildr5's ,/ories ( ,am]ican ,lit]ature1
 #ahfj-ahif1 #bch    ,*ildr5's ,treasury
 ( ,engli% ,song1 #bai    ,*ild's       
,hi/ory ( ,engl&1 #bcj    ,*oice ,engli%
 ,lyrics1 #bca    ,*ri/mas ,c>ol1 #bbh  
,colonial ,*ildr51 #bbd    ,com+ (      
,ar?ur & ,pass+ ( ,ar?ur1 #bbh          
,conque/ ( ,mexico1 #bcj    ,conspiracy 
( ,pontiac1 #bcc    ,cott]'s ,saturday  
,night1 #bce    ,c\nsel ^u ! ,read+ (   

,books1 #bbg1 #bde    ,c\rt%ip ( ,miles 
,/&i%1 #bbh    ,cricket on ! ,he>?1 #bcd
    ,critical ,p]iod ( ,am]ican ,hi/ory1
 #bch    ,cr(ton ,boys1 #bcf    ,culture
 & ,an>*y1 #bdd     ,daniel ,d]onda1    
#bdf    ,david ,copp]field1 #bba        
,de]slay]1 #bbg    ,des]t$ ,village1 & !
 ,travell]1 #bda    ,discov]y ( ,am]ica1
 #bba    ,discov]y ( ,am]ica1 ,beg9n+s (
 ,new ,engl&1 &1 #bbf    ,dog ( ,fl&]s1 
#bah    ,dombey & ,son1 #bdf    ,don    
,quixote1 #bca1 #bdb    ,drake & 8      
,yeom51 #bbg    ,dut* & ,quak] ,colonies
 9 ,am]ica1 #bcc     ,education1 #bdf   
,education & ! ,l>g] ,life1 #bch        
,ela9e1 #bdd    ,em]son1 ,poems (1 #bcd 
,em]son1 ,ralph ,waldo1 #bdf            
,em]son's ,essays1 #bbj    ,em]son's    
,essays1 ,fir/ ,s]ies1 #bde    ,eno*    
,ard5 & ! ,lotus ,eat]s1 #bcd    ,essay 
on ,burns1 #bci    ,essay on ,milton1   
#bcc    ,essays 7,em]son71 #bbj         
,essays 7,em]son71 ,fir/ ,s]ies1 #bde   
,eug5e ,field ,book1 #bbj    ,evangel9e1
 #bcd     ,fa]ie ,que51 ,tales f !1 #bah

    ,fairy ,tales 7,&]s571 #bag         
,fairy ,tales 9 ,prose & ,v]se1 #bai    
,famili> ,fl[]s ( ,field & ,g>d51 #bci  
,fam\s ,allegories1 #bca    ,fanciful   
,tales1 #baf    ,fifty ,fam\s ,/ories   
,retold1 #bbj    ,fir/ ,book ( ,birds1  
#bah    ,fir/ ,bunk] ,hill ,oration1    
#bci    ,foot-pa? ,way1 #bbg1 #bdc      
,=tune ( ! ,republic1 #bcc1 #bci    ,f\r
 ,am]ican ,naval ,h]oes1 #bbf    ,f\r   
,great ,am]icans1 #bag    ,frail ,*ildr5
 ( ! ,air1 #bdd    ,frankl9's           
,autobiography1 #bcg1 #bda    ,fr$]ick !
 ,great1 #bcb    ,fri5ds & ,help]s1 #bah
    ,froiss>t1 #bcj    ,f ,colony to    
,commonweal?1 #bcg     ,g5tle ,boy1 &   
o!r tales1 #bbh    ,gettysburg ,spee*1  
#bda    ,giles ,corey1 #bbi    ,gods &  
,h]oes1 #bah    ,gold ,bug1 & o!r tales1
 #bcg    ,gold5 ,age1 #bbf    ,gold5    
,arr[1 #bcb    ,gold5 ,treasury ( ,be/  
,songs & ,lyrical ,poems1 #bce    ,gold5
 ,treasury ( ,songs & ,lyrics1 #bca     
,gr&fa!r's ,*air1 #bbi    ,gr&mo!r's    
,/ory1 & o!r poems1 #bce    ,great      

,debate 7,hayne-,web/]71 #bda    ,great 
,words ( ,great ,am]icans1 #bdd         
,greek ,gods1 ,h]oes1 & ,m51 #bbe       
,greek ,h]oes1 #baf    ,greek ,life &   
,/ory1 #bbg    ,grimm's ,h\sehold       
,tales1 #bag    ,gulliv]'s ,travels1    
#bbc    ,gulliv]'s ,voyage to ,lilliput1
 #bbc    ,guy ,mann]+1 #bci             
,hamilton1 ,life (1 #bde    ,hamilton1  
,life ( ,alex&]1 #bdj    ,hans ,&]s5    
,/ories1 #bah    ,hans ,&]s5 ,tales1    
#bag    ,hans ,br9k]1 or ! ,silv]       
,skates1 #bca    ,h>d ,times1 #bbg      
,hatim ,tai1 #bcf    ,h5ry ,esmond1 #bcc
    ,h]oes & ,h]o ,wor%ip1 #bde         
,h]oes & ,patriots ( ! ,revolution1 #bcj
    ,h]oes ( ,asg>d1 #bai    ,h]oes ( ! 
,middle ,we/1 #bbj1 #bbd    ,h]oic      
,ballads1 #bbc    ,hiawa?a1 #bbb        
,hi/orical ,tales1 ,am]ican1 #bbe       
,hi/orical ,tales1 ,engli%1 #bbf1 #bcj  
,hi/ory & ,lit]ature1 #bbj1 #bbg        
,hi/ory ( ,engl&1 #bcc    ,hoosi] ,s*ool
 ,boy1 #bbf    ,h\sehold ,tales         
7,grimm71 #bag    ,h\se ( ,sev5 ,gables1

 #bbg1 #bdc    ,h[ to ,tea* ,read+1 #bde
    ,hugh ,wynne1 ,free ,quak]1 #bci    
,hunt+ ( ! ,de]1 #bbh     ,iliad        
7,bryant71 #bbd1 #bcc    ,iliad 7,pope71
 #bbd    ,9 ,bird ,l&1 #bba1 #bda1 #bdc 
,introduction to ,lit]ature1 #bcb       
,introduction to ,rusk91 #bcc           
,introduction to ,t5nyson1 ,rusk91 &    
,br[n+1 #bdf    ,introductory ,lessons 9
 ,engli%1 #bde    ,irv+1 ,selections f1 
#bcj    ,ivanhoe1 #bbg1 #bdb            
,jackanapes1 #bai    ,jason's ,que/1    
#bbe    ,jean ,mit*ell's ,s*ool1 #bbb   
,jean ,valjean1 #bdc    ,jeff]son1      
,bunk] ,hill1 ,adams &1 #bce1 #bdj      
,johnson1 ,life ( ,samuel1 #bci         
,judgm5t ( ,socrates1 #bdf    ,julius   
,caes>1 #bdj     ,k+ ,ar?ur & 8 ,c\rt1  
#bag    ,k+ ( ! ,gold5 ,riv]1 #bbb      
,krag & ,johnny ,be>1 #bbd     ,lady ( !
 ,lake1 #bda    ,l&+ ( ! ,pilgrims1     
,orations on ,wa%+ton &1 #bcf    ,la    
,salle & ! ,discov]y ( ! ,great ,we/1   
#bba    ,la/ ( ! ,mohicans1 #bcc1 #bcg  
,lay ( ! ,la/ ,m9/rel1 #bca    ,lays (  

,anci5t ,rome1 #bbb    ,leon>d &        
,g]trude1 #bbb    ,lett]s 7,*e/]field71 
#bcf    ,life ,hi/ories ( ,am]ican      
,insects1 #bcb    ,life ( ,alex&]       
,hamilton1 #bdj    ,life ( ,hamilton1   
#bde    ,life ( ,john ,qu9cy ,adams1    
#bdd    ,life ( ,nelson1 #bcf1 #bdc     
,life ( ,pe/alozzi1 #bci    ,life (     
,samuel ,johnson1 #bci    ,life (       
,wa%+ton1 #bce1 #bdc    ,life ( ,web/]1 
#bde    ,l9coln1 ,abraham1 #bdb         
,l9coln1 ,*ildr5's ,life ( ,abraham1    
#bbf    ,lit]>y ,/udy ( ! ,bible1 #bde  
,lit]ature 9 ,s*ools1 #bba1 #bdd        
,little ,daffyd[ndilly & ,biographical  
,/ories1 #bbc    ,little ,lame ,pr9ce1  
#bah    ,little ,"l ,fauntl]oy1 #bbj    
,little ,viol9i/1 #bbi    ,lobo1 ,rag1 &
 ,vix51 #bbf    ,lotus ,eat]s1 ,eno*    
,ard5 & !1 #bcd     ,mabel ,m>t91 & o!r 
poems1 #bbi    ,macbe?1 #bde    ,madam  
,h[ & ,lady ,:y1 #bch    ,m>ble ,faun1  
#bde    ,m>mion1 #bda    ,ma/]pieces (  
,am]ican ,lit]ature1 #bci    ,m5 :o made
 ! ,nation1 #bbg    ,m]*ant ( ,v5ice1   

#bcd    ,m]e ,lit]ature1 #bdj    ,m]ry  
,adv5tures ( ,rob9 ,hood1 #bai1 #bbc    
,mill on ! ,floss1 #bci    ,milton1     
,essay on1 #bcc    ,mod]n ,pa9t]s1 #bci 
,montcalm & ,wolfe1 #bcc    ,moral      
,in/ruction ( ,*ildr51 #bbf    ,my ,hunt
 aft] ! ,capta91 #bdb    ,my?s ( !      
,nor!rn ,l&s1 #bbj     ,national ,epics1
 #bba    ,natural ,hi/ory ( ,selborne1  
#bcf    ,nature 9 ,v]se1 #bag    ,nature
 ,pictures by ,am]ican ,poets1 #bba1    
#bcc1 #bdc    ,nelson1 ,life (1 #bcf1   
#bdc    ,ne/l+s 9 ,=e/ & ,m>%1 #bch     
,news f ! ,birds1 #bbg1 #bdc    ,ni*olas
 ,nickleby1 #bcc    ,n9e ,worlds1 #bca  
,norse ,/ories1 #bbj    ,nu]nb]g ,/ove1 
#bah     ,odyssey 7,bryant71 #bbd       
,odyssey 7,but*] & ,lang71 #bbg         
,odyssey 7,*ur*71 #bbe    ,odyssey (    
,hom] 7,palm]71 #bbd    ,odyssey1       
,translation ( ,hom]'s 7,palm]71 #bdb   
,old ,greek ,folk ,/ories1 #bag    ,old 
,greek ,/ory1 #bbd    ,old ,manse1 & a  
,few ,mosses1 #bdc    ,old ,norse       
,/ories1 #bbj    ,old ,/ories ( ! ,ea/1 

#bah    ,old ,te/am5t ,/ories 9         
,scripture ,language1 #bag    ,old      
,virg9ia & h] ,neighbors1 #bcb    ,oliv]
 ,twi/1 ,/ory (1 #bca    ,op5 ,sesame1  
#bai1 #bbe1 #bbi1 #bch    ,orations on  
,wa%+ton & ,l&+ ( ! ,pilgrims1 #bcf     
,our ,c\ntry 9 ,prose & ,v]se1 #bcb     
,our ,fea!r$ ,fri5ds1 #bai     ,paul    
,rev]e1 #bbi    ,peasant & ,pr9ce1 #bdc 
,pe/alozzi1 ,life (1 #bci    ,pet]      
,s*lemihl1 #bcf    ,pet] ! ,great1 #bcb1
 #bdb    ,picciola1 #bcf    ,pi$ ,pip]1 
& o!r poems1 #bbc    ,pilgrims &        
,puritans1 #bca    ,pilgrim's ,progress1
 #bcj    ,pilot1 #bbb    ,pione] ,hi/ory
 ,/ories1 #bbe    ,pione]s ( ,france 9 !
 ,new ,_w1 & ,la ,salle & ! ,discov]y   
( ! ,great ,we/1 #bbg    ,pione]s ( !   
,revolution1 #bbj    ,plant ,_w1 #bce   
,plut>*'s ,lives1 #bcf1 #bdb1 #bde      
,poems ( ,am]ican ,patriotism1 #bbd1    
#bdd    ,poems ( ,em]son1 #bcd          
,poetic ,int]pretation ( ,nature1 #bcc1 
#bdj    ,poetry = ,*ildr51 #bba         
,poetry ( ! ,seasons1 #bca1 #bce        

,poets & ,problems1 #bdf    ,poor       
,ri*>d's ,almanac1 #bce    ,pr9ce &     
,paup]1 #bch    ,pr9cess1 #bdd          
,qu5t9 ,durw>d1 #bdb     ,rab & 8       
,fri5ds1 #bca    ,ralph ,waldo ,em]son1 
#bdf    ,read+s f ! ,spectator1 #bci    
,read+s 9 ,folklore1 #bbj1 #bbf    ,r$  
,cross ,/ory ,book1 #bcc    ,rob ,roy1 &
 ,qu5t9 ,durw>d1 #bdb    ,rob9son       
,crusoe1 #bbd    ,rog] de ,cov]ley1 #bdj
    ,romola1 #bde    ,rose & ! ,r+1 #bca
    ,r\nd ! ,ye> 9 ,my? & ,song1 #bag   
,rules ( ,conduct1 #bce    ,rusk91      
,introduction to1 #bcc    ,rusk91       
,introduction to ,t5nyson1 ,br[n+1 &1   
#bdf    ,rusk9 7,selections71 #bdb      
,samuel ,adams1 #bcg    ,samuel de      
,*ampla91 #bbg    ,samuel ,johnson1     
,life (1 #bci    ,sc>let ,lett]1 #bcc   
,s*oolma/] 9 ,com$y & ,satire1 #bdf     
,s*oolma/] 9 ,lit]ature1 #bcc    ,sci5ce
 ,sket*es1 #bdd    ,secrets ( ! ,woods1 
#bbj1 #bbd    ,selections 7,rusk971 #bdb
    ,selections f ,irv+1 #bcj           
,self-reliance1 #bde    ,sella1         

,?anatopsis1 & o!r poems1 #bcd          
,sesame & ,lilies1 #bba1 #bbf    ,sev5  
,am]ican ,classics1 #bbi    ,sev5       
,briti% ,classics1 #bdc    ,%akespe>e's 
,trag$ies1 #bce    ,%>p ,eyes1 ,birds & 
,bees1 & o!r pap]s1 #bbi    ,siege (    
,leyd51 #bch    ,silas ,m>n]1 #bcf      
,six ,c5turies ( ,engli% ,poetry1 #bci  
,sket* ,book1 #bbh    ,sn[-,b\nd1 &     
,songs ( ,labor1 #bbh    ,sohrab &      
,ru/um1 #bcd    ,"s ,m]ry ,adv5tures (  
,rob9 ,hood1 #bbc    ,songs ( ,labor1   
,sn[-,b\nd &1 #bbh    ,s\nds1           
,succession ( ,=e/ ,trees1 ,wild        
,apples1 &1 #bdb    ,s\rce ,book (      
,am]ican ,hi/ory1 #bcj1 #bce    ,s\rce  
,book ( ,engli% ,hi/ory1 #bcb           
,spectator1 ,read+s f !1 #bci           
,squirrels & ,o!r ,fur-be>]s1 #bag1 #bbc
    ,/> ,l&1 #bdd    ,/ories f ,engli%  
,hi/ory1 #bcb    ,/ories f ,h]odotus1   
#bbe    ,/ories f ,old ,engli% ,poetry1 
#bcj    ,/ories f ,old ,g]man1 #bbj     
,/ories f ,plato1 #bbj    ,/ories f !   
,arabian ,nights1 #baf    ,/ories f !   

,classic ,lit]ature ( ,_m ,nations1 #bcg
    ,/ories f ,wav]ley1 #bca    ,/ories1
 ,hans ,&]s51 #bah    ,/ories ( ,am]ican
 ,life & ,adv5ture1 #bai1 #bbc          
,/ories ( ,animal ,life1 #bcb    ,/ories
 ( ,bird ,life1 #bcb    ,/ories ( ,our  
,c\ntry1 #bag    ,/ories ( ! ,old ,_w1  
#bai    ,/ory ( a ,bad ,boy1 #bca       
,/ory ( ,caes>1 #bcj    ,/ory ( ,oliv]  
,twi/1 #bca    ,/ory ( ,our ,cont95t1   
#bbf    ,/ory ( ,rol&1 #bbf    ,/ory (  
,siegfri$1 #bbe    ,/ory ( ! ,birds1    
#bdd    ,/ory ( ! ,engli%1 #bbe    ,/ory
 ( ! ,gold5 ,age1 #bbd    ,/ory ( !     
,greeks1 #bbe    ,/ory ( ! ,iliad1 #bbj 
,/ory ( ! ,odyssey 7,*ur*71 #bba1 #bbe  
,/ory ( ,troy1 #bbe    ,/ory ( ,ulysses1
 #bah    ,/ory-tell]'s ,art1 #bbb       
,/udy & ,tea*+ ( ,engli%1 #bdj          
,succession ( ,=e/ ,trees1 ,wild        
,apples1 & ,s\nds1 #bdb    ,swiss       
,family ,rob9son1 #bcj     ,tale ( ,two 
,cities1 #bci1 #bdc    ,tales f ,engli% 
,hi/ory1 #bbc    ,tales f ,scotti%      
,hi/ory1 #bbc    ,tales f ,%akespe>e1   

#bcj    ,tales f ! ,fa]ie ,que51 #bah   
,tales1 ,hans ,&]s51 #bag    ,tales ( a 
,gr&fa!r1 #bcd    ,tales ( a ,travel]1  
#bba1 #bca    ,tales ( a ,wayside ,inn1 
#bdj    ,tales ( ,*ivalry1 #bbe         
,tales ( ! ,:ite ,hills1 & ,sket*es1    
#bbh    ,tales ( ,troy1 #bai            
,talisman1 #bcb1 #bdc    ,talks to      
,tea*]s1 #bba    ,tanglewood ,tales1    
#bbb    ,t5 ,boys on ! ,road f ,long    
,ago1 #bbd    ,t5 ,great ,ev5ts 9       
,hi/ory1 #bcj    ,t5nyson1 ,introduction
 to1 ,rusk91 & ,br[n+1 #bdf             
,?anatopsis1 ,sella1 & o!r poems1 #bcd  
,?\ghts on ,education1 #bde    ,?ree    
,outdoor ,pap]s1 #bbi    ,?r\gh ! ,look+
 ,glass1 #bai    ,tom ,br[n's ,s*ool    
,days1 #bcg    ,tommy-,anne & ! ,?ree   
,he>ts1 #bah    ,t[n ,geology1 #bch     
,translation ( ,hom]'s ,odyssey         
7,palm]71 #bdb    ,travell]1 ,des]t$    
,village & !1 #bda    ,treasure ,isl&1  
#bdc    ,twelve ,naval ,capta9s1 #bch   
,twice ,told ,tales1 #bcb    ,two ,great
 ,retreats1 #bcf1 #bdb    ,two ,ye>s    

be=e ! ,ma/1 #bcg     ,ulysses among !  
,phaeacians1 #bbc    ,ulysses1 ,/ory (1 
#bah    ,uncle ,tom's ,cab91 #bcg       
,und9e1 #bca    ,up & d[n ! ,brooks1    
#bdd     ,vic> ( ,wakefield1 #bcb1 #bcg 
,vision ( ,sir ,launfal1 #bdj     ,wake 
,rob91 #bbg    ,w> ( ,indep5d5ce1 #bdj  
,wa%+ton & 8 ,c\ntry1 #bdj    ,wa%+ton1 
& ,l&+ ( ! ,pilgrims1 ,orations on1 #bcf
    ,wa%+ton ,irv+1 #bcc    ,wa%+ton1   
,life (1 #bce1 #bdc    ,wa/e ,n1 ,want  
,n1 #bah    ,wat] ,babies1 #bbb         
,wav]ley1 ,/ories f1 #bca    ,ways (    
,wood ,folk1 #bba1 #bbc    ,web/]1 ,life
 (1 #bde    ,we/w>d ,ho61 #bbf1 #bcc    
,wild ,apples1 ,succession ( ,=e/       
,trees1 & ,s\nds1 #bdb    ,wild]ness    
,ways1 #bbf1 #bca    ,william ,tell1    
#bcj1 #bce    ,w9n+ ( ! ,we/1 #bbb      
,wond] ,book1 #baf     ,ye/]days )      
,au?ors1 #bdb          99       99      
99       99       99     ,t>r &         
,mc,murry's ,geographies   ,,comm5ts    
,nor? ,pla9field1 ,n4,j4    ,i ?9k x !  
be/ ,geography t ,i h se54              

--,h4 ,j4 ,,wightman1 ,sup]9t5d5t4      
,bo/on1 ,mass4    ,i h be5 tea*+ !      
subject 9 ! ,bo/on ,normal ,s*ool   =   
ov] tw5ty ye>s1 & ,book ,i is ! book ,i 
h be5 look+   = = ! la/ t5 ye>s4 ,x     
comes ne>] to :at ,i h be5   work+ = ?an
 any?+ 9 ! geography l9e t ,i h yet     
se54 ,i congratulate y on ! good "w4    
--,,miss ,l4 ,t4 ,,moses1 ,normal       
,s*ool4    ,detroit1 ,mi*4    ,i am mu* 
pleas$ ) x & h _h en?usia/ic praise   = 
x f all ! tea*]s to :om ,i h %[n x4 ,x  
seems to   me to be sci5tific1 arti/ic1 
& conv5i5t to a m>k$ degree4   ,! maps  
are a p]fect joy to any tea*] :o has be5
 us+   ! complicat$ affairs giv5 9 mo/  
books ( ! k9d4                          
--,,agnes ,,mcrae4    ,de ,kalb1 ,ill4  
,i h j f9i%$ exam9+ ! fir/ book ( ,t>r &
   ,mc,murry's ,geographies4 ,i h read !
 book ) c>e f cov] to   cov]4 ,to say t 
,i am pleas$ ) x is express+ x mildly4  
,x seems to me j :at a geography %\ld   
be4 ,x is correctly   conceiv$ &        
admirably execut$4 ,! subject is        

approa*$ f   ! "r direction & is        
develop$ 9 ! "r proportions4   ,& ^?    
maps--h[ c\ld !y be any bett]8 ,surely  
au?ors &   publi%]s h a*iev$ a triumph 9
 text-book mak+4 ,i %all   wat* ) int]e/
 = ! appe>ance ( ! o!r two volumes4     
--,pr(essor ,,edw>d ,c4 ,,page1 ,nor!rn 
,ill9ois ,/ate ,normal ,s*ool4          
,asbury ,p>k1 ,n4,j4    ,i d n hesitate 
at all to say t ,i ?9k ! ,t>r &         
,mc,murry's ,geography ! be/ 9 ! m>ket4 
--,f4 ,s4 ,,%ep>d1 ,sup]9t5d5t (        
,s*ools4    ,i?aca1 ,n4,y4    ,i am     
imm5sely pleas$ ) ,t>r & ,mc,murry's    
,geography4          --,,*>les ,,de     
,,g>mo1 ,pr(essor ( ,p$agogy1 ,cornell  
,univ]sity4     ,t>r & ,mc,murry's      
,geographies  ,a ,,new ,,s]ies ,,(      
,,geographies ,,9 ,,?ree ,,or ,,five    
,,volumes  ,size ( ,books #ea_/b x      
#ga_/b in*es4 ,half-,lea!r    ,by       
,,ralph ,s4 ,,t>r1 ,b4,s41 ,f4,g4,s4,a4 
,,cornell ,,univ]sity    ,,&    ,,frank 
,m4 ,mc,m,u,r,r,y1 ,ph4,d4   ,,tea*]s   
,,college1 ,,columbia ,,univ]sity       

,,two ,,book ,,s]ies    ,introductory   
,geography                              
#fj c5ts   ,complete ,geography         
#a4jj   ,,! ,,?ree ,,book ,,s]ies       
,,fir/ ,,book 7#d? & #e? ,ye>s7 ,home   
,geography & ! ,e>?     z a ,:ole       
#fj c5ts   ,,second ,,book 7#f? ,ye>7   
,nor? ,am]ica                           
#ge c5ts   ,,?ird ,,book 7#g? ye>7      
,europe & ,o!r ,cont95ts             #ge
 c5ts   ,,! ,,five ,,book ,,s]ies       
,,fir/ ,,"p 7#d? ye>7 ,home ,geography  
#dj c5ts   ,,second ,,"p 7#e? ye>7 ,!   
,e>? z a ,:ole                   #dj    
c5ts   ,,?ird ,,"p 7#f? ye>7 ,nor?      
,am]ica                           #ge   
c5ts   ,,f\r? ,,"p 7#g? ye>7 ,europe1   
,s\? ,am]ica1 ,etc4            #ej c5ts 
,,fif? ,,"p 7#h? ye>7 ,asia & ,africa1 )
 ,review (     ,nor? ,am]ica            
#dj c5ts  ,to meet ! requirem5ts ( "s   
c\rses ( /udy1 ! section f ! ,?ird      
,book1 treat+ ( ,s\? ,am]ica1 is b\nd up
 ) ! ,second ,book1 ?us br++ ,nor?      
,am]ica & ,s\? ,am]ica toge!r 9 "o      

volume4  ,! foll[+ ,supplem5t>y ,volumes
 h also be5 prep>$1 & may be _h         
sep>ately or b\nd toge!r ) ! ,?ird ,book
 ( ! ,?ree ,book ,s]ies1 or ! ,fif? ,"p 
( ! ,five ,book ,s]ies3   ,,supplem5t>y 
,,volumes    ,new ,york ,/ate           
#cj c5ts   ,! ,new ,engl& ,/ates    #cj 
c5ts   ,utah                      #dj   
c5ts   ,cali=nia              ,n[ ready 
,kansas                    #cj c5ts     
,ohio                      #cj c5ts     
,virg9ia                  #cj c5ts      
,p5nsylvania            ,n[ ready   ,new
 ,j]sey        ,9 prep>ation4  ,:5      
ord]+1 be c>eful to specify ! ,book or  
,"p & ! ,s]ies desir$1 & :e!r ) or )\t !
 ,/ate ,supplem5t4    ,,publi%$ ,,by    
,,! ,,macmillan ,,company   #ff ,,fif?  
,,av5ue1 ,,new ,,york   ,,*icago        
,,bo/on      ,,san ,,francisco          
,,atlanta