,! ,iri% ,ecclesia/ical ,record ,volume #a ,july #ahfe ,,cont5ts ,judge ,keogh ,& ,ca?olic ,doctr9es4 ,! ,see ,( ,killaloe ,9 ,! ,sixte5? ,c5tury4 ,! ,sacram5t ,( ,p5ance ,9 ,! ,e>ly ,iri% ,*ur*4 ,ri*>d ,fitz-,ralph1 ,ar*bi%op ,( ,armagh4 ,purgatory ,( ,/4 ,patrick ,9 ,l\gh ,d]g4 ,liturgical ,que/ions4 ,notices ,( ,books4 ,footnotes ,,judge ,,keogh ,,& ,,ca?olic ,,doctr9es4 ,we h read ! address ( ,mr4 ,ju/ice ,keogh7#a7 ) feel+s ( surprise & sorr[4 ,x is un-,ca?olic 9 its language1 x is un-,ca?olic 9 its _s1 x is un-,ca?olic 9 its pr9ciples4 ,if x _h come f a memb] ( a ho/ile sect1 we c\ld well af=d to let x pass unnotic$2 to let x live its %ort life1 & die a natural dea?4 ,b :5 ! calumnies1 ! sne]s1 ! s>casms ( our enemies are turn$ aga9/ u by "o :o is enroll$ "u ! bann] ( ,ca?olic fai?1 we c no long] rema9 sil5t 9 safety4 ,! weapons :i* are p[]less 9 ! h&s ( a decl>$ enemy1 are dang]\s inde$ :5 !y are wield$ by a traitor 9 ! camp4 ,mr4 ,ju/ice ,keogh is no ord9>y man4 ,8 m9d is adorn$ ) tal5ts well fitt$ to amuse1 to delight1 to in/ruct an audi5ce4 ,9 8 %ort b brilliant c>e] z an orator & a /atesman1 he won = himself a great "n at ! b> & 9 ! s5ate4 ,& n[ he is lift$ up above 8 fell[s1 & plac$ 9 a position ( high tru/ & ext5sive influ5ce4 ,:5 su* a man comes =w>d1 ) =e?\ght & prep>ation1 z "o ( ! in/ructors ( ! age1 he is a conspicu\s object ( int]e/ & attraction4 ,he is look$ ^u1 by ^? :o are n acqua9t$ ) 8 antec$5ts1 z ! expon5t ( ,ca?olic views1 ! repres5tative ( ,ca?olic intellig5ce & education4 ,we are !re=e compell$1 9 self-def5ce1 to decl>e t ! op9ions he has express$ are n ! op9ions ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 & ! language he has ?\ght fit to use _c be reg>d$1 by ! ,ca?olic p ( ,irel&1 b z (f5sive & insult+4 ,8 lecture conta9s little orig9ality ( ?\ght or novelty ( argum5t4 ,x does b reflect ! _s ( ! age 9 :i* we live4 ,! op9ions & ! views :i* x sets =? h long be5 famili> to our e>s3 !y p]vade ! %all[ curr5t lit]ature ( ,engl&1 ( ,g]many1 ( ,italy1 ( ,france4 ,intellectual fre$om1 unb\nd$1 unre/ra9$2 fre$om ( ?\ght 9 ! se>* aft] tru?1 )\t any reg>d to au?ority2 fre$om ( spee* 9 ! circulation ( e view & op9ion2 fre$om to pull d[n old !ories1 fre$om to build up new !ories2 fre$om to roam at l>ge )\t any guide ov] ! va/ fields ( speculation1 adopt+ t :i* private judgm5t comm5ds1 reject+ t :i* human reason disapproves2 ^! are ! popul> dogmas ( ! pres5t day2 & ^! are ! topics :i* ,mr4 ,ju/ice ,keogh proposes to illu/rate & to en=ce by ! life & writ+s ( our great ,engli% poet4 ,n[1 we are n ! enemies ( fre$om4 ,! ,ca?olic ,*ur* is n ! enemy ( fre$om4 ,b we %\ld expect t "o :o comes =w>d to enlight5 ! _w on ?is important subject1 w\ld tell u h[ f> human reason is to be left )\t re/ra9t 9 ! se>* aft] tru?4 ,x is easy to talk ( intol]ance1 p]secution1 n>r[-m9d$ bigotry2 b ^! words h no mean+ unless we fir/ cle>ly und]/& :at t fre$om is--9 ?\ght1 9 ^w1 9 action--:i* is ! natural "r ( all m52 :i* x is intol]ance to d5y1 :i* x is tyranny to ext+ui%4 ,fir/ ( all1 if ! fact ( a ,div9e ,revelation be once admitt$1 x is cle> t human reason is n exempt f all re/ra9t3 x mu/ be controll$ at lea/ by ! ,^w ( ,god4 ,we are surely b\nd to believe :at ,god has taught3 & :5 reason w\ld lead u to conclusions contr>y to ,8 tea*+1 z may sometimes happ51 we are b\nd to *eck our reason & to ab&on ^? conclusions4 ,=1 reason may be deceiv$1 b ,god c n4 ,?is is :at we und]/& by ! words ( ,/4 ,paul :5 he speaks ( 8br++ into captivity e und]/&+ unto ! ob$i5ce ( ,*ri/0--,,ii4 ,cor41 x4 #e4 ,) ?is prelim9>y rem>k we %all n[ submit to our read]s ! op9ions ( ,mr4 ,ju/ice ,keogh3-- 8,c\ld words ( m9e prevail to induce y to devote a small portion ( y\r leisure h\rs1 /ol5 ?\gh x be f ! pleasure pa?s ( s5sational or p]iodical lit]ature1 to ^? great productions ( ,john ,milton1 9 :i* ! /aun*e/ fri5d ( fre$om & ( tru? t ev] liv$ has made ! mo/ successful w> aga9/ tyranny & falsehood--9 :i* he has proclaim$ 9 tones n unwor?y ( ! ,apo/le ( ! ,g5tiles17#b7 t education really free is ! only s\rce ( political & individual lib]ty1 ! only true safegu>d ( /ates & bulw>k ( _! r5[n--9 :i* he has = ev] #8ju/ifi$ ! ways ( ,god to man'1 by ass]t+ ! "r ( all m5 to ex]cise unre/ra9$ _! intellectual faculties ^u all ! gifts ( ,god--to det]m9e = !mselves :at is tru? & :at is falsehood--to circulate _! ?\ghts f "o to ano!r1 f l& to l&1 f tribe to tribe1 f nation to nation1 free z #8! w9ds t f f\r qu>t]s bl['--to raise _! ?\ghts & to p\r =? _! words above ! level ( vulg> sup]/ition1 unre/rict$ by any illib]al or illit]ate lic5s]--!n y w f9d t he has ris51 z mortal man nev] did be=e1 to ! height ( greate/ argum5t1 & proclaim$ 9 language :i* is affect+ ! fate ( millions1 ev5 at ?is h\r1 on ! banks ( ! ,mississippi1 & 9 ! remote =e/s ( ! f> we/1 t ,he :o has made '( "o blood all nations ( m5 to dwell on all ! face ( ! e>?1 wille? n t m5 %all any long] hold 9 bondage z a prop]ty ! bodies or ! s\ls ( m51 b t all alike %all h1 unob/ruct$ by any ord9ance1 a free book1 a free press1 a free consci5ce'4 ,if any words ( m9e %all tempt y to approa* ^! consid]ations1 to pond] ^u !m z !y are to be f\nd 9 ! tractates ( ,milton1 9 a tranquil1 9 a l>ge & compreh5sive _s1 & :5 y h done s1 to make _! fit application n only at home b abroad1 n only abroad b at home1 !n we %all n h met 9 va9 9 ?is assembly04 ,we d n propose to (f] any rem>ks on ! subject ( political lib]ty4 ,b ! pr9ciples "h enunciat$ are ( univ]sal application4 ,milton wag$ ! 8successful w>0 ( fre$om n less 9 matt]s ( religion ?an 9 matt]s ( /ate4 ,& ,mr4 ,ju/ice ,keogh adopts 8 pr9ciples )\t any limitation4 ,he ass]ts ) ,milton 8! "r ( all m5 to ex]cise unre/ra9$ _! intellectual faculties ^u all ! gifts ( ,god--to det]m9e = !mselves :at is tru? & :at is falsehood04 ,if we take ^! words lit]ally z !y /&1 !y are inconsi/5t n ) ! ,ca?olic religion only1 b ) e sy/em ( ,*ri/ianity t has ev] exi/$4 ,lu!r1 ! great *ampion ( intellectual fre$om1 ?\gh he %ook (f ! yoke ( *ur* au?ority1 set up 9 its /ead ! au?ority ( ! ,bible4 ,ev5 he 0 will+ to admit t ! w&]+s ( ! human m9d %\ld be re/rict$ by ! tea*+ ( ! ,^w ( ,god4 ,x is cle>ly contr>y to ! common pr9ciples ( ,*ri/ianity to ass]t t 9 metaphysics1 9 e?ics1 9 psy*ology1 9 any human sci5ce1 ! m9d is at lib]ty to embrace op9ions incompatible ) ! tru?s :i* ,god has reveal$4 ,& if x be n at lib]ty to d s1 !n x is n 8unre/ra9$04 ,x may be said1 h[ev]1 t ! au?or ( ?is address does n really int5d to ass]t :at 8 words seem to convey4 ,h[ !n are we to guess at 8 mean+8 ,he insi/s ^u 8! "r ( all m5 to ex]cise unre/ra9$ _! intellectual faculties0 9 ! pursuit ( tru?4 ,if he does n mean ?is1 :at does he mean8 ,if he does n wi% to exclude all re/ra9t on ! 8intellectual faculties0 ( m51 :at re/ra9t is he will+ to admit8 ,^u ?is po9t !re seem to be j two op9ions betwe5 :i* he has to *oose3 ! "o is ! common doctr9e ( all ,ca?olics2 ! o!r is ! fundam5tal pr9ciple ( ! ,prote/ant ,*ur*4 ,let u pause = a mom5t to exam9e ^! two sy/ems4 ,accord+ to ,ca?olic fai?1 our ,div9e ,"l has e/abli%$ 9 ,8 ,*ur* an infallible tribunal1 to pron\nce1 9 matt]s ( religion1 :at is true & :at is false4 ,h5ce1 x is nev] lawful1 :e!r !re be "q ( religi\s belief or ( human sci5ce1 to adopt op9ions at v>iance ) ! tea*+ ( ?is infallible tribunal4 ,"h inde$ is a *eck ^u intellectual fre$om1 b a *eck :i* mu/1 ( necessity1 be admitt$ by all :o belong to ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,& surely x is no great sacrifice to submit our f9ite und]/&+1 s frail & err+1 to ! au?ority ( ,god's ,^w1 expla9$ by a tribunal :i* ,he has ,himself e/abli%$1 & to :i* ,he has promis$ ,8 nev]-fail+ help4 ,prote/ants1 on ! o!r h&1 ma9ta9 ! "r ( ea* "o to int]pret = himself1 accord+ to ! be/ ( 8 private judgm5t1 ! ,revelation :i* ,god has giv5 to man4 ,! lib]ty ( ! human m9d is !re=e unfett]$ by any human au?ority4 ,9 ?is all sects are agre$4 ,"s1 inde$1 believe t ! ,*ur* has au?ority to tea*1 & "s reject ?is op9ion2 b all ma9ta9 t !re is no obligation 9 consci5ce to accept h] tea*+4 ,%e has n ! gift ( infallibility4 ,j z individuals may fall into error1 s too may ! ,*ur* h]self fall into error4 ,h] tea*+ may be true1 or x may be false2 ea* "o is to judge = himself4 ,! only *eck ^u ! fre$om ( ?\ght is ! ,div9e ,message s5t to u f on ,high1 & record$ 9 ! pages ( ,holy ,writ4 ,we ma9ta91 ( c\rse1 t ! ,ca?olic sy/em :i* we h j expla9$ is true1 & ! ,prote/ant sy/em false4 ,if we 7 engag$ 9 controv]sy ) a ,prote/ant1 x w\ld be our duty at once to e/abli% & to def5d our doctr9e2 to demon/rate t ! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/ is infallible1 & t ! "r ( private judgm5t is contr>y alike to ! tea*+ ( ,scripture & to ! dictates ( common s5se4 ,b 9 ! case be=e u1 !re is no call = pro(3 ,mr4 ,ju/ice ,keogh is a ,ca?olic4 ,x rema9s !n only to exam9e if ! language ( 8 address is n calculat$ to convey an op9ion q inconsi/5t ) ! fai? :i* he pr(esses4 ,! "q we wi% to raise is simply ?is3 8,does ! address be=e u admit t ! human m9d 9 ! pursuit ( tru? %\ld be re/ra9$ by ! au?oritative def9itions ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 or does x r exclude ?is re/ra9t80 ,n[1 9 ! fir/ place1 x is to be rememb]$ t ?is re/riction ( intellectual fre$om is d5i$ by all ,prote/ants 9 ?is c\ntry1 & ma9ta9$ by all ,ca?olics4 ,:5 a lectur]1 !n1 address+ a mix$ audi5ce1 9 a writt5 disc\rse1 tells !m t 8all m5 h a "r to ex]cise _! intellectual faculties unre/ra9$01 d n ! circum/ances ( ! case fix ^u 8 words a ,prote/ant signification8 ,w n 8 he>]s naturally say t he has *os5 ! ,prote/ant side ( ! controv]sy1 & n ! ,ca?olic8 ,aga91 accord+ to ! ,prote/ant doctr9e1 ea* "o is at lib]ty to con/ruct a sy/em ( religi\s belief = himself3 accord+ to ! ,ca?olic doctr9e1 e "o %\ld accept ! t5ets ( 8 fai? on ! au?ority ( ! ,*ur*4 ,n[ we are told 9 ! address1 t all m5 h 8a "r to det]m9e = !mselves :at is tru? & :at is falsehood04 ,has ?is phraseology a ,ca?olic or a ,prote/ant complexion8 ,la/ly1 ! lectur] exhorts 8 he>]s to g !mselves to ! pages ( ,milton1 !re to le>n ! doctr9e ( intellectual fre$om4 ,x w1 !re=e1 naturally be suppos$1 t ! doctr9e is def5d$ by ! lectur] 9 ! same s5se 9 :i* x is def5d$ by ! poet4 ,n[ ,milton d5i$ aga9 & aga91 n 9 8 writ+s only1 b also by 8 acts1 t ! ,*ur* has any "r to int]f]e ) ! speculations ( ! human m9d4 ,x is evid5t1 !re=e1 t ! language ( ,mr4 ,ju/ice ,keogh1 :e!r consid]$ 9 itself1 or und]/ood by ! light ( ! context1 is incompatible ) ! pr9ciples ( ! ,ca?olic ,religion4 ,fre$om ( ?\ght is n en\gh3 fre$om ( spee* is also an ess5tial dogma ( ! new philosophy4 ,we are assur$ t all m5 h a "r 8to circulate _! ?\ghts f "o to ano!r1 f l& to l&1 f tribe to tribe1 f nation to nation1 free z #8! w9ds t f f\r qu>t]s bl['2 to raise _! ?\ghts1 & to p\r =? _! words above ! level ( vulg> sup]/ition1 unre/rict$ by any illib]al or illit]ate lic5s]04 ,accord+ly1 among/ ! v>i\s prose works ( ,milton1 !re is "o :i* our lectur] selects = especial comm5dation4 ,x is entitl$3 ,areopagitica1 a ,spee* = ! ,lib]ty ( ,unlic5s$ ,pr9t+4 ,?is little tract is di/+ui%$1 no d\bt1 = its le>n+1 wit1 & eloqu5ce2 b ^! high qualities are devot$ to ! def5ce ( op9ions :i* we _c accept4 ,! book & its pr9ciples are ?us introduc$ to 8 audi5ce by ,mr4 ,ju/ice ,keogh3 8,if all ! works he produc$ 7 cancell$ & =gott5 444 yet give "o 9 h&1 ! treatise = ! lib]ty ( unlic5s$ pr9t+1 ! ,areopagitica1 & ,i w\ld boldly ma9ta91 n only t he _h satisfi$ e call :i* 8 c\ntry c\ld make on ! mo/ devot$ ( h] sons1 b t he _h v9dicat$ _! rights & su/a9$ 8 own reputation 9 ! greate/ p5 writ+ 9 ! ,engli% language4 ,he wi%$1 z he tells u 9 ?is treatise1 to deliv] ! press f ! re/ra9ts ) :i* x 0 incumb]$1 t ! p[] ( det]m9+ :at ought to be publi%$ & :at suppress$1 might no long] be entru/$ to capti\s lawy]s or knavi% prie/s1 or ev5 grave *ancellors & v5]able *ief ju/ices4444 ,i %all give y1 ev5 at ! risk ( try+ y\r pati5ce1 "s extracts f ?is treatise2 b fir/ let me tell y1 t x e/abli%es 9 ! cle>e/ way1 n only t ,milton 0 ! fa/ fri5d ( tol]ation1 b t ! *>ges ( be+ an enemy ( all ord] & ( all mon>*y1 s indu/ri\sly made aga9/ him1 are )\t f\ndation4444 ,& !n he gives expression to ?is noble s5tim5t1 fit to be engrav5 9 lett]s ( gold4 ,let /atesm5 he> x1 & tyrants1 civil & ecclesia/ical1 dwell ^u x3 #8,al?\gh ,i dispraise n ! def5ce ( j immunities1 yet love my peace bett]1 if t 7 all1 give me ! lib]ty to "k1 to utt]1 & to argue freely1 accord+ to consci5ce1 above all lib]ties'4 ,i _c br+ myself to hurry ov] ?is noble tract4 ,i h read x ov] aga9 & aga92 ,i read x ye>s & ye>s ago1 & (t5 s9ce1 & n[ aga91 = ! purpose ( address+ y2 & ! (t5] ,i read x1 ! m ,i take x to my he>t4 ,if su* be its effect ^u me1 z ,i fondly hope x may be ^u _m ( y01 etc4 ,not)/&+ ?is ard5t & en?usia/ic decl>ation1 we yet ?9k x w\ld be unfair to impute to ! le>n$ lectur] e casual expression or ev5 e delib]ate op9ion set =? 9 ! spee* he s mu* admires4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 cle> t he adopts z 8 own at lea/ ! ma9 features ( ! doctr9e enunciat$1 & ! g5]al "* ( ! argum5t by :i* x is def5d$4 ,?is doctr9e may be expla9$ 9 two words3 unb\nd$ lib]ty1 on ! "o h&1 to publi% & to circulate all mann] ( op9ions2 unb\nd$ lib]ty1 on ! o!r1 to read all mann] ( books4 ,! ,/ate1 x is cont5d$1 has no "r to =bid1 or to repress1 ^? publications :i* are dang]\s to ! welf>e ( society2 nei!r has ! ,*ur* a "r to =bid or to repress ^? publications :i* are ho/ile to ! spiritual int]e/s ( ! fai?ful4 ,^! views we believe to be false & p]nici\s bo? z reg>ds ! p[] ( ! ,/ate & ! p[] ( ! ,*ur*4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 "u ! latt] aspect alone t we propose to consid] ! subject4 ,! pa/ors ( ! ,*ur* h receiv$ a div9e comm& to gu>d ! integrity ( fai? & to wat* ov] ! purity ( morals4 ,!re=e h !y also receiv$ f ,god t au?ority :i* is necess>y = ! due fulfilm5t ( ?is high *>ge4 ,& su* is ! au?ority to prohibit &1 z f> z may be1 to repress ^? publications ( :i* ! only t5d5cy is to introduce error & to dissem9ate vice4 ,= x is impossible to pres]ve tru? incorrupt 9 a community1 if error may be circulat$ )\t re/riction1 dress$ up 9 ! delusive g>b ( sophi/ry2 x is impossible to pres]ve morals pure1 if vice may be freely exhibit$ 9 ! mo/ s$uctive & allur+ =ms4 ,a great writ] & a wise philosoph]1 ,samuel ,johnson1 ev5 ?\gh a ,prote/ant1 _h ! vig\r ( m9d to seize ?is important pr9ciple1 :i* he has express$ ) a s+ul> felicity ( diction & an epigrammatic p[] peculi>ly 8 own3 8,if e murmur] at gov]nm5t01 he says1 8may diffuse discont5t1 !re c be no peace2 & if e sceptic 9 !ology may tea* 8 follies1 !re c be no religion047#c7 ,we confess inde$ t ?is is a "q full ( difficulty to memb]s ( ! ,prote/ant ,*ur*4 ,!y believe t ea* "o has a "r to judge = himself :at is true & :at is false3 & x is n easy to see h[ ?is "r c be ex]cis$1 unless ea* "o be free to exam9e e =m ( belief1 e v>iety ( error4 ,b we are at a loss to und]/& h[ a ,ca?olic %\ld g a/ray on a subject s pla94 ,f ! e>lie/ ages ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* has ev] claim$ & ex]cis$ ! "r to condemn & prohibit ^? books :i* are contr>y to fai? & dang]\s to morals4 ,n[ x w\ld be an error 9 doctr9e to suppose t ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* c\ld claim su* a "r if %e _h n receiv$ x f h] ,div9e ,f\nd]4 ,if we pass f ! doctr9e ( ,milton to 8 argum5ts1 we %all h mu* great] reason to wond] h[ x %\ld h come to pass t we are ask$1 by a ,ca?olic lectur]1 to accept 8 views4 ,he does n def5d ! circulation ( bad books z a necess>y evil1 :i* x is inexp$i5t or impossible to *eck4 ,on ! contr>y1 he ma9ta9s x is a positive good1 :i* ought to be enc\rag$4 ,accord+ to 8 notion1 ! promiscu\s read+ ( bad books is ! furnace 9 :i* our love = tru? & virtue is to be tri$4 ,!re c be no m]it 9 tru?1 he argues1 = him :o is n acqua9t$ ) error2 !re c be no m]it 9 virtue = him :o is n famili> ) vice4 ,^! are s5tim5ts s utt]ly repugnant to ! common in/9cts ( our nature1 t we c\ld n believe !y came f our illu/ri\s poet1 if 8 own words did n be> witness aga9/ him3-- 8,z1 !re=e1 ! /ate ( man n[ is1 :at wisdom c !re he to *oose1 :at cont95ce to =be>1 )\t ! k ( evil8 ,he t c appreh5d & consid] vice ) all h] baits & seem+ pleasures1 & yet ab/a91 & yet di/+ui%1 & yet pref] t :i* is truly bett]1 he is ! true wayf>+ ,*ri/ian4 ,i _c praise a fugitive & cloi/]$ virtue1 unex]cis$ & unbrea!d1 t nev] sallies out & seeks h] adv]s>y1 b sl9ks out ( ! race1 :]e t immortal g>l& is to be run = not)/&+ du/ & heat4 ,assur$ly we br+ n innoc5ce into ! _w2 we br+ impurity mu* r3 t :i* purifies u is trial1 & trial is by :at is contr>y4 ,t virtue1 !re=e1 :i* is b a y\ngl+ 9 ! contemplation ( evil1 & kn[s n ! utmo/ t vice promises to h] foll[]s1 & rejects x1 is b a blank virtue1 n a pure4444 ,s9ce !re=e ! k & survey ( vice is 9 ?is _w s necess>y to ! con/itut+ ( human virtue1 & ! scann+ ( error to ! confirmation ( tru?1 h[ c we m safely & ) less dang] sc\t into ! regions ( s9 & falsity1 ?an by read+ all mann] ( tractates1 & he>+ all mann] ( reason8 ,& ?is is ! b5efit :i* may be _h ( books promiscu\sly read047#d7 ,we %all (f] no comm5t>y on ?is passage4 ,pr9ciples l ^! c>ry ) !m _! own condemnation4 ,& yet su* are ! pr9ciples advanc$ 9 a tract1 :i* has made s fav\rable an impression on ,mr4 ,ju/ice ,keogh1 t ! (t5] he reads x1 ! m he takes x to 8 he>t1 & :i* he fondly hopes may make a l impression on ! m9ds ( 8 audi5ce4 ,:5 we are assur$ by ,mr4 ,ju/ice ,keogh t ,milton 0 8! fa/ fri5d ( tol]ation01 we c sc>cely believe t he is s]i\s4 ,le/1 h[ev]1 our read]s %\ld be l$ a/ray1 we %all briefly tell !m :at ,milton really ?\ght & said on ! subject ( religi\s tol]ation4 ,t[>ds ! close ( 8 life1 he wrote a v important treatise7#e7 9 :i* he discusses ! "q1 & expla9s 8 views ) 8 usual cle>ness & =ce4 ,he ma9ta9s 9 ?is treatise t all religi\s sects are to be tol]at$1 ) "o exception2 & t exception is ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,lu!rans1 ,calv9i/s1 ,anabapti/s1 ,soc9ians1 ,arm9ians1 9 a ^w1 all ,prote/ants1 :atev] _! religi\s op9ions may be1 %\ld h lib]ty to prea*1 to discuss1 to wor%ip1 unmole/$3 b ,ca?olics mu/ n be tol]at$2 !y mu/ n be p]mitt$ to def5d _! doctr9es2 !y mu/ n be p]mitt$ to wor%ip ei!r 9 public or 9 private47#f7 ,?is1 he cont5ds1 is "o ( ! be/ means to prev5t ! gr[? ( ,pop]y47#g7 ,"h is ! *ampion ( intellectual lib]ty t ,mr4 ,ju/ice ,keogh w\ld hold up to ! admiration ( 8 audi5ce6 ,"h is 8! fa/ fri5d ( tol]ation01 8! /aun*e/ fri5d ( fre$om & tru? t ev] liv$01 ! man :o 8has made ! mo/ successful w> aga9/ tyranny & falsehood06 ,we mu/ *>itably suppose t ! le>n$ lectur] has =m$ 8 op9ion ( ,milton )\t read+ 8 works4 ,we are told by ! biograph]s ( ,milton t 8 fa!r1 :o 0 ! son ( a zeal\s ,roman ,ca?olic1 ab&on$ ! religion ( 8 ance/ors1 & 0 on t acc\nt depriv$ ( 8 inh]itance4 ,! act ( apo/asy is "o t ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* c nev] contemplate )\t ! deepe/ sorr[ & abhorr5ce4 ,accord+ to ! pr9ciples ( our fai?1 he :o sep>ates himself f ! "o ,true ,*ur* transgresses ! comm& ( ,god & =feits 8 claim to ev]la/+ happ9ess4 ,yet1 x w\ld seem1 ,mr4 ,ju/ice ,keogh f9ds 9 ?is act no?+ to deplore1 b mu* to admire4 ,speak+ ( ! poet1 he says3-- 8,he 0 9 e>ly y\? in/ruct$ by a fa!r :o _h sacrific$ = consci5ce' sake a fair inh]itance1 ) all scriptural lore1 ( :i* he drank ) a ?ir/ :i* 0 nev] satisfi$04 ,if we und]/& ^! words aright1 our au?or reg>ds ) complac5cy ! conduct ( "o :o r5\nc$ ! true fai?1 to embrace a religion :i*1 9 ! eyes ( all ,ca?olics1 is false & h]etical4 ,to 8 m9d ! act ( apo/asy is a sacrifice = consci5ce' sake4 ,?is is lib]ality ( s5tim5t inde$6 ,b x is a lib]ality ( s5tim5t :i* we _c reconcile ) ! maxims ( sacr$ ,scripture4 ,n s did ! great apo/le speak ( ^? :o _h 8made %ipwreck conc]n+ ! fai?04 8,( :om01 he said1 8is ,hym5aeus & ,alex&]1 :om ,i h deliv]$ up to ,satan1 t !y may le>n n to blaspheme0--,i4 ,tim41 i4 #ai4 #bj4 ,& aga93 8,& _! spee* spreade? l a cank]2 ( :om is ,hym5aeus & ,philetus1 :o h err$ f ! tru?1 say+ t ! resurrection is pa/ already0--,,ii4 ,tim41 ii4 #ag1 #ah4 ,our read]s1 p]haps1 w n be unwill+ to "k :at 0 ! effect ( ?is tra9+ on ! religi\s pr9ciples ( ,milton4 ,8 ri* & vigor\s m9d 01 inde$1 a f]tile soil4 ,! se$ :i* 0 s[n 9 ! spr+ "t ( y\?1 did n fail to gr[ up into a luxuriant tree1 & to br+ =? fruit 9 due season1 accord+ to its k9d4 ,9 ! maturity ( life he con/ruct$ a sy/em ( !ology :i* he pr(ess$ to d]ive f ,scripture alone4 ,x is record$ by 8 own p5 9 8 treatise ,de ,doctr9a ,*ri/iana1 :i*1 hav+ be5 lo/ = a hundr$ & fifty ye>s1 has come to light )9 ! pres5t c5tury4 ,! peculi> t5ets :i* he sets =? 9 ?is rem>kable book may be briefly told4 ,he def5ds ! lawfulness ( polygamy & divorce2 he ma9ta9s t matt] exi/s f et]nity2 he d5ies ! doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity2 ! ,son is inf]ior to ! ,fa!r1 & produc$ 9 "t2 ! ,holy ,gho/ is inf]ior to ! ,fa!r & ! ,son4 ,an able writ] has describ$ 8! result ( ! :ole "w0 z 8a sy/em ( !ology n m]ely 9 discordance ) ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&1 b ) e sect by :i* we are divid$2 an incoh]5t & conflict+ !ory1 :i* comb9es ,arianism1 ,anabaptism1 ,latitud9>ianism1 ,quak]ism1 & we "k n :at to add1 on acc\nt ( 8 op9ions on polygamy1 b ,mahometanism047#h7 ,^! results are ! ripe fruit ( t e>ly in/ruction 9 8all ,scriptural lore0 :i* ,milton receiv$1 & = :i* ,mr4 ,ju/ice ,keogh w\ld seek our sympa?y & approval4 ,aft] :at we h se51 we _c be surpris$ t our le>n$ lectur] %\ld po9t ! f+] ( scorn & ridicule at ! ,roman ,inquisition4 ,speak+ ( ,milton's travels 9 ,italy1 he says3 8,!re x 0 8 =tune to visit ,gallileo1 conf9$ 9 ! prison ( ! ,inquisition = ?9k+ 9 a/ronomy o!rwise ?an ! ,franciscan & ,dom9ican believ]s04 ,we d n propose "h to def5d ! ,inquisition3 nei!r %all we attempt to disprove ! *>ge1 :i* ,mr4 ,ju/ice ,keogh w\ld fa9 convey1 t ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* is ! enemy ( sci5tific tru?4 ,we %all wait = an adv]s>y :o deals 9 argum5ts & n 9 sne]s4 ,we _c1 h[ev]1 =be> to notice a gross inaccuracy 9 ! /atem5t ( fact4 ,x is ass]t$ t x 0 ! =tune ( ,milton 8to visit ,gallileo conf9$ 9 ! prison ( ! ,inquisition04 ,?is ass]tion is simply false4 ,milton's visit mu/ h occurr$ ab\t ! ye> #afch1 & x is well kn[n to all :o are acqua9t$ ) ! subject1 t ,gallileo 0 !n liv+ at home 9 8 own h\se at ,arcetri1 quietly pursu+ 8 a/ronomical /udies4 ,9 po9t ( law1 inde$1 he 0 /ill te*nically a prison] ( ! ,inquisition1 b ?is is widely diff]5t f be+ conf9$ 9 ! prison ( ! ,inquisition4 ,x is only fair to obs]ve t ! words ( ,milton himself1 f :om ! lectur] has tak5 8 /atem5t1 are1 on ?is po9t1 /rictly correct4 8,!re x 0 t ,i f\nd & visit$ ! fam\s ,gallileo1 gr[n old1 a prison] to ! ,inquisition1 = ?9k+ 9 a/ronomy o!rwise ?an ! ,franciscan & ,dom9ican lic5s]s ?\ght047#i7 ,our lectur]1 !re=e1 9 borr[+ ! language ( ! poet1 has n only contriv$ to introduce an error1 b he has tak5 c>e t ?is error %all be on ! side mo/ unfav\rable to ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,we %all n tr\ble ! read] ) our own views or argum5ts on ! hackney$ controv]sy ( ,gallileo's p]secution4 ,we %all be cont5t to contra/ ! op9ion ( ,mr4 ,ju/ice ,keogh ) t ( a le>n$ & able ,prote/ant writ]1 :o has devot$ mu* /udy to ! life & times ( ! great a/ronom]1 & :o is himself hon\rably di/+ui%$ 9 k9dr$ fields ( sci5ce4 ,sir ,david ,brew/]1 ) all 8 /rong anti-,ca?olic prejudices1 di/9ctly ma9ta9s t ! trials ( ,gallileo1 su* z !y 71 are n to be ascrib$ to 8 op9ions 9 matt]s ( a/ronomy1 b r to 8 8p]sonal imprud5ce0 & to 8 8irreligi\s s5tim5ts047#aj7 ,! "* ( ! p]secution :i* he _h to endure at ! h&s ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* may be ga!r$ f ! te/imony ( ! same em95t writ]4 ,9 ! ye> #afbc1 long aft] he _h be5 tri$ be=e ! tribunal ( ! ,inquisition1 hav+ occasion to come to ,rome1 he met ) a noble & g5]\s reception f ! ,fa!r ( ! fai?ful4 8,! k9dness ( 8 ,hol9ess01 says ,sir ,david ,brew/]1 80 ( ! mo/ m>k$ description4 ,he n only load$ ,gallileo ) pres5ts1 & promis$ him a p5sion = 8 son ,v9c5zo1 b wrote a lett] to ,f]d9& ,,ii41 :o _h j succe$$ ,cosmo z ,gr& ,duke ( ,tuscany1 recomm5d+ ,gallileo to 8 p>ticul> patronage047#aa7 ,& aga9 he says3 8,?us hon\r$ by ! head ( ! ,*ur*1 & befri5d$ by its dignit>ies1 ,gallileo mu/ h felt himself secure aga9/ ! indignities ( its less] function>ies4444 ,b ,gallileo 0 b\nd to ! ,romi% hi]>*y by ev5 /rong] ties4 ,8 son & himself 7 p5sion]s ( ! ,*ur*2 & hav+ accept$ ( its alms1 !y ow$ x at lea/ a dec5t & respectful allegiance4 ,! p5sion ?us giv5 by ,urban 0 n a remun]ation :i* sov]eigns sometimes aw>d to ! s]vices ( _! subjects4 ,gallileo 0 a =eign] at ,rome4 ,! sov]eign ( ! ,papal /ate ow$ him no obligation2 & h5ce we mu/ reg>d ! p5sion ( ,gallileo z a donation f ! ,roman ,pontiff to sci5ce itself1 & z a decl>ation to ! ,*ri/ian _w t religion 0 n jeal\s ( philosophy1 & t ! ,*ur* ( ,rome 0 will+ to respect & fo/] ev5 ! g5ius ( its enemies047#ab7 ,!re are _m o!r blots 9 ! address ( ,mr4 ,ju/ice ,keogh1 :i* a sev]e critic w\ld n pass by )\t c5sure4 ,he w\ld ask1 p]haps1 h[ comes x t ! lectur] takes 8 ,scriptural quotations f ! ,prote/ant & n f ! ,ca?olic ,bible8 ,is x t ! ,prote/ant ,bible is ! only "o ) :i* he is famili>8 ,c x be t ! ,prote/ant ,bible is ! s\rce f :i* he d]ives 8 views 9 philosophy & 9 !ology8 ,we fully recognize ! lit]>y m]its ( ! ,engli% ,au?oriz$ ,v]sion2 b !re c be no d\bt t ! religi\s prejudices ( its au?ors h l$ !m into _m s]i\s errors4 ,at all ev5ts x is n usual = a ,ca?olic to quote f its pages )\t "s apology or "s explanation4 ,aga91 :y does he tell 8 audi5ce t ! names ( ,sp5s]1 ( ,%akespe>e1 ( ,scott1 are to be f\nd on ! ,index ,expurgatorius8 ,did he consult ! ,index himself & f9d ^! names ^u x8 ,x _c be3 !y are n !re4 ,0 he induc$ to make ! ass]tion on ! au?ority ( "s tru/wor?y witness8 ,we c sc>cely believe x 0 s3 no writ] :o c>es = 8 reputation w\ld commit himself to a /atem5t s easily disprov$4 ,0 x1 !n1 t he wi%$ to ca/ unf\nd$ asp]sions on ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 & to br+ h] in/itutions into discr$it ) all :o *]i% ! names ( ^? illu/ri\s writ]s8 ,once m3 ,mr4 ,ju/ice ,keogh1 =gett+1 = ! mom5t1 8 c\ntry z well z 8 religion1 introduces to ! fav\rable notice ( 8 audi5ce 8our glori\s deliv]]1 ,william ,,iii406 ,:at a />tl+ phrase to he> f ! lips ( an ,iri%man & a ,ca?olic6 ,william ,,iii4 possess$ _m em95t qualities3 he 0 a brave soldi] & an able /atesm54 ,b 9 ! annals ( ,irel& 8 "n mu/ be = ev] associat$ ) p]secution & ) p]fidy47#ac7 ,our limit$ space is n[ draw+ to a close2 &1 9 good tru?1 we are we>y ( pass+ c5sure4 ,x is "t t we lift up our eyes f ! "r hon\rable lectur] to fix !m = a few mom5ts on ! m noble & maje/ic proportions ( ! great poet himself4 ,:5 we contemplate t v5]able figure1 z x /&s =? to view on ! canvas ( hi/ory1 if we speak 9 ! language ( c5sure1 x mu/ be bl5d$ ) ! language ( g5u9e love & v5]ation4 ,8 errors we _c def5d2 8 faults we d n wi% to ext5uate2 we are oblig$ to prote/ aga9/ 8 pr9ciples1 & ^? :o eulogise !m4 ,b amid/ ! v>i$ =tunes ( 8 *equ]$ c>e] he display$ _m great qualities1 :i* _c fail to w9 ! admiration ( e g5]\s he>t4 ,( 8 public conduct z a /atesman we _c inde$ speak ) approval4 ,x seems to u t all ! argum5ts advanc$ 9 8 def5ce c>ry ) !m also 8 condemnation4 ,he sid$ ) ! p>liam5t aga9/ ! k+1 because1 x is said1 he wi%$ to uphold ! con/itution ( 8 c\ntry2 & yet he def5d$ ! trial & execution ( ! k+1 :i* 7 conduct$ 9 defiance ( t same con/itution4 ,he ab&on$ 8 lawful sov]eign to support ! =tunes ( ,cromwell1 because he believ$ t ,*>les 0 a despot2 & yet he clung to ! cause ( ,cromwell :5 ,cromwell 0 n only a despot b an usurp]4 ,if ! con/itution 0 to be upheld1 !n ! execution ( ! k+ 0 indef5sible4 ,if a tyrant %\ld =feit ! allegiance ( 8 subjects1 !n ,cromwell _h no claim to be obey$4 ,yet h[ev] mu* he err$1 x mu/ be ev] borne 9 m9d t ^? :o took a "p 9 ! turbul5t ev5ts ( ! great rebellion1 _h n ! same opportunities to =m a calm & imp>tial judgm5t :i* we n[ possess4 ,m5 di/+ui%$ by great vig\r ( m9d & great public _s1 7 to be f\nd on opposite sides 9 ! s5ate & 9 ! camp4 ,none c\ld h told1 :5 ! brea* fir/ appe>$ betwe5 ,*>les & 8 p>liam5t1 t x w\ld lead to civil w> & end 9 ! crime ( regicide4 ,x 0 necess>y to make a *oice2 & ! *oice once made1 x requir$ m ?an ord9>y virtue1 m ?an ord9>y c\rage1 to rec$e2 virtue & c\rage ) :i* ,milton 0 n end[$4 ,^?1 h[ev]1 :o w\ld =m a j e/imate ( ,milton's "* mu/ seek him f> away f ! d9 ( w> & ! /rife ( p>ties4 ,he _h borne a conspicu\s "p 9 a memorable political /ruggle2 8 fame _h be5 c>ri$ abroad to di/ant l&s2 & yet he retires )\t regret f public life1 to commune ) 8 own m9d 9 ! obscurity ( an humble lodg+4 ,! _w admires ! magnanimity ( ! old ,roman :o1 hav+ sav$ 8 c\ntry f de/ruction1 return$ aga9 to 8 pl\gh & to ! simple pleasures ( 8 ru/ic home4 ,b !re is f> m to admire 9 ! clos+ p]iod ( ,milton's c>e]4 ,! h\r ( 8 prosp]ity _h pass$ away2 ! vig\r ( y\? 0 gone4 ,disappo9t$ 9 8 hopes1 neglect$ by an age unwor?y ( 8 g5ius1 poor1 & bl9d1 & old1 8 spl5did m9d rose sup]ior to all ^! calamities1 :i* w\ld h cru%$ a less noble _s4 ,z if n[1 at l5g?1 releas$ f ! captivity ( e>?ly bonds1 he so>s al(t to high] ?\ghts1 & p\rs =? f an ov]fl[+ s\l ! l(ty /ra9s ( 8 unrivall$ poem1 ! glory ( ,engli% lit]ature1 ! wond] & delight ( e succe$+ age4 ,n (t5 does ! hi/ory ( ! _w pres5t to u a spectacle s sublime4 ,yet h[ little does g5ius avail 9 ! "o great & important affair ( religion1 unless guid$ & controll$ by t infallible au?ority :i* ,god has e/abli%$ 9 ,8 ,*ur*6 ,! great doctr9al errors ( ,milton _c be imput$ to any want ( intellectual p[]2 =1 9 ! natural gifts ( intellect1 he 0 em95tly conspicu\s4 ,mu* r mu/ !y be ascrib$ to ! errone\s sy/em he employ$ 9 ! se>* ( ,reveal$ tru?4 ,/>t+ f false pr9ciples1 ! m boldly he advanc$1 ! m deeply did he plunge into error4 ,9 common ) o!r ,prote/ants1 he accept$ ! doctr9e ( private judgm5t2 b he 0 di/+ui%$ f o!rs by ! logical consi/5cy & inflexible resolution ) :i* he ev] clung to ?is fundam5tal pr9ciple4 ,hav+ be5 taught n to subject 8 reason to ! au?ority ( a ,*ur* :i* claim$ to be infallible1 he refus$ to submit to ! tea*+ ( a ,*ur* :i* _h r5\nc$ t claim4 ,8 errors 7 m extravagant ?an ^? ( o!r ,prote/ant writ]s1 only because he 0 m fe>less 9 8 speculations1 m consi/5t 9 8 pr9ciples1 m hone/ 9 8 spee*4 ,o!rs are (t5 sav$ f error because !y hesitate to foll[ ! light ( reason1 :5 reason w\ld lead !m too f> f ! beat5 track ( receiv$ op9ions4 ,b su* timidity & inconsi/5cy 7 little 9 h>mony ) ! _s ( ,milton4 ,he _h le>n$ 9 e>ly y\?1 z a fir/ pr9ciple1 t1 9 ! matt] ( religion1 ,scripture %\ld be 8 only au?ority1 reason 8 only guide2 & 9 aft] life he 0 ev] prep>$ to foll[ t guide :i!rsoev] x might conduct4 ,! religi\s c>e] ( ,milton appe>s to u1 !re=e1 9 a rem>kable mann]1 at once to illu/rate & to disprove ! ,prote/ant ,rule ( ,fai?4 ,9 him x 0 fairly tri$1 & x 0 f\nd want+4 ,x w\ld be difficult1 we believe1 to select f ! :ole range ( ,prote/ant writ]s any "o :o possess$ 9 a high] degree1 ^? qualities :i* are fav\rable to ! ex]cise ( private judgm5t4 ,8 di/+ui%$ biograph]1 ,mr4 ,mit=d1 :o 0 himself a ,prote/ant cl]gyman1 has spok5 on ?is subject ) great c&\r & ability4 ,ref]r+ to ! treatise ,de ,doctr9a ,*ri/iana1 he says3-- 8,x is ackn[l$g$ by all t x is writt5 ) a calm & consci5ti\s desire = tru?1 l t ( a man :o _h =gott5 or dismiss$ ! fav\rite animosities ( 8 y\?1 & :o _h retir$ )9 himself1 9 ! dignity ( age1 to employ ! unimpair$ en]gies ( 8 intellect on ! mo/ important & awful subject ( inquiry4 ,! haught9ess ( 8 temp]1 ! defiance ( 8 mann]1 8 sev]e & /oical pride1 are no long] se54 ,he approa*es ! book ( ,god ) an humble & rev]5tial feel+1 & ) su* a disposition ( piety1 unit$ to s p[]ful an intellect1 & su* imm5se /ores ( le>n+1 :o w\ld n h expect$ to h se5 ! #8/>-bright =m' ( tru? appe> f out ! cl\d2 b :]ev] we look1 ! pride ( man's he>t is l[]$1 & ! weakness ( humanity display$4 ,) all 8 great qualifications = ! removal ( error & ! discov]y ( tru?1 he fail$047#ad7 ,he n only fail$1 b he seems to h be5 a p]fect type ( t un/ead9ess 9 error :i* ,/4 ,paul describes 9 8 ,epi/le to ! ,ephesians3 he 0 z a little *ild 8toss$ to & fro1 & c>ri$ ab\t ) e w9d ( doctr9e04 ,he w&]$1 we are told1 8f ,puritanism to ,calv9ism1 f ,calv9ism to an e/eem = ,arm9ius1 & f9ally1 f an accordance ) ! ,indep5d5ts & ,anabapti/s to a d]eliction ( e d5om9ation ( ,prote/ants047#ae7 ,:5 ?is 0 ! fate ( 8 gigantic intellect1 h[ c humbl] m9ds hope to atta9 success if !y employ ! same means8 ,x seems to u1 !re=e1 t we c f9d "s excuse = ! errors ( ,milton 9 ! false pr9ciples :i* he _h imbib$ 9 8 y\?4 ,&1 ) all 8 faults1 we _c b rev]e ! magnanimity ( 8 _s1 ! spl5d\r ( 8 g5ius4 ,b we h no sympa?y ) ^? :o1 hav+ ! ri* inh]itance ( an infallible au?ority = _! guide 9 matt]s ( religion1 w\ld yet claim = !mselves ! "r to laun* =? into ! b\ndless sea ( ?\ght )\t re/riction or re/ra9t2 :o bl9dly embrace ! conclusions ( ,milton1 :ile !y reject 8 premises2 & :o imitate him 9 8 w&]+s1 :ile !y _c imitate t nobility ( s5tim5t & t l(t9ess ( eloqu5ce :i* %$ a lu/re ev5 ar\nd 8 errors4 ,,! ,,see ,,( ,,killaloe ,,9 ,,! ,,sixte5? ,,c5tury4 ,9 ! ye> #adfc1 ,mat!w or ,mah\n ,o',griffa 0 appo9t$ by ,pope ,pius ,,ii41 ,bi%op ( ,killaloe4 ,he _h hi!rto held ! canonry & preb5d ( ,teampul-mon91 9 ! diocese ( ,lim]ick1 ! annual rev5ue ( :i* am\nt$ to tw5ty m>ks1 & ! ,monum5ta ,vaticana pres]ve an int]e/+ fragm5t1 :i* records ! appo9tm5t ( ,donald ,magillapadrig z 8 successor 9 t dignity3 8,conf]tur ipsi canonicatus et preb5da de ,tampolmon9 9 ,ecclesia ,lim]ic5si quorum fructus vig9ti m>*>um /]l+orum non exc$unt et quos ,mat!us electus ,laon5sis tempore suae promotionis obt9ebat0 7#ag ,decemb41 #adfc2 pag4 #dee74 ,dr4 ,o',griffa di$ 9 #adhb1 & 0 succe$$ ! same ye> by ,t]5ce ,o',bri51 :o rul$ ! see = =ty-?ree ye>s1 &1 z ,w>e in=ms u1 80 a prelate ( great acc\nt among 8 p = 8 lib]ality & hospitality04 ,ri*>d ,hogan1 a ,franciscan1 0 *os5 8 successor 9 #aebe1 & aft] an episcopate ( f\rte5 ye>s1 0 translat$ to ,clonmacnoise by ,pope ,paul ,,iii41 on #af? ,june1 #aeci4 ,he1 h[ev]1 enjoy$ ?is new dignity only = a little :ile1 z1 a few days aft] 8 translation1 he 0 summon$ to 8 et]nal rew>d4 ,x is rem>kable t ! episcopate ( 8 successor 9 ! see ( ,killaloe 0 equally %ort2 =1 ,tirlogh1 9 ,lat9 ,!odoricus ,o',bri51 appo9t$ its bi%op 9 ,june1 #aeci1 di$ be=e ,decemb] ! same ye>4 ,bo? sees be+ ?us vacant at ! same "t1 ,dr4 ,flor5ce ,o',g]awan1 i4e4 ,kirwan1 0 appo9t$ bi%op ( ,clonmacnoise & ,killaloe on #ae? ,decemb]1 #aeci1 ! union ( ^! sees be+ at ! same "t limit$ to ! lifetime ( ?is bi%op4 ,! foll[+ is ! consi/orial entry3-- 8,anno #aeci1 #ae ,decembris3 ,sua ,sanctitas providit ,ecclesiis ,claon5si et ,laon5si 9 ,hib]nia vacantibus p] obitum ,ri*>di et ,!odorici de p]sona fratris ,flor5tii ,ig]nam 7sic7 ord4 ,fratrum ,m94 cum disp5satione ex defectu natalium et unione du>um ,ecclesi>um ad vitam dicti ,flor5tii04 ,we h already _h occasion to speak ( ?is bi%op :5 treat+ ( ! see ( ,clonmacnoise 7,record1 "p #a41 pag4 #aeg72 8 episcopate 0 m>k$ by _m signal ev5ts1 & 8 zeal 9 ! def5ce ( ! ,ca?olic fai? m]it$ = him ! hatr$ ( ! enemies ( our holy ,*ur*4 ,he di$ 9 #aeed1 & _h = 8 successor ,t]5ce ,o',bri51 :o receiv$ 8 appo9tm5t 9 ! beg9n+ ( ,que5 ,m>y's reign1 & cont9u$ to adm9i/] ! see till 8 dea?1 :i* is regi/]$ by ! ,f\r ,ma/]s 9 #aefi4 ,mala*y ,o',molony 0 next proclaim$ 9 consi/ory on #aj? ,janu>y1 #aega4 ,he suff]$ mu* f ! ag5ts ( ! ,prote/ant e/abli%m5t3 8,plurima ab ha]eticis mala et nonnunquam c>c]is acrumnas passus e/0 7,mooney1 ,,ms4 ,hi/4 ,francis472 & on #bbnd ( ,augu/1 #aegf1 8 translation to ,kilmacduagh 0 solemnly promulgat$ 9 ! ,roman c\rt4 ,8 successor1 ,cornelius ,o',melrian1 ,o4,s4,f41 0 appo9t$ ! same mon?1 viz41 #bf? ,augu/1 #aegf1 & = =ty-"o ye>s1 till 8 dea? 9 #afag1 he cont9u$ bi%op ( ?is anci5t see4 ,?is prelate play$ an important "p 9 ! la/ great /ruggle ( ! ,desmond *iefta9s2 & we h int5tionally pass$ rapidly ov] ! prec$+ bi%ops1 t space might rema9 = dwell+ on ! unpubli%$ docum5ts connect$ ) 8 hi/ory4 ,at ! "t ( 8 appo9tm5t to ! see ( ,killaloe1 ,james ,fitzmaurice 0 actively engag$ on ! ,cont95t 9 enli/+ ! aid ( ! ,ca?olic p[]s 9 fav\r ( ! ,iri% conf$]ates4 ,be=e sett+ sail f ,lisbon on #cj? ,octob]1 #aegg1 ?is *iefta9 wrote to ,gasp> de ,quiroza1 ,ar*bi%op ( ,tol$o1 acqua9t+ him ) ! disa/] :i* _h befall5 our ,bi%op ,cornelius1 :o1 a little :ile be=e1 hav+ sail$ f ,ro*elle = ! ,iri% coa/1 0 captur$ by pirates1 & be+ despoil$ ( all he possess$1 0 oblig$ to return to ! ,cont95t4 ,fitzmaurice adds3-- 8,he 7,dr4 ,o',melrian7 is mo/ devot$ to u1 & we confide to him all ! secrets :i* are to be communicat$ to y connect$ ) ! succ\r :i* is to be s5t to u2 x w\ld be mo/ useful t he %\ld accompany ! exp$ition ( troops1 to in/ruct !m z to ! place = l&+2 z well z to conduct !m to our qu>t]s04 ,! lett] t]m9ates ) ! sweet old ,iri% invocation 8spes no/ra ,jesus et ,m>ia04 ,:5 at l5g? a consid]able body ( ,spani% troops set sail = ,irel&1 "u ! comm& ( ! un=tunate colonel ,/4 ,jos1 ! bi%op ( ,killaloe accompani$ !m1 b soon quitt$ _! ranks to jo9 ! ,iri% camp & assi/ ! native ,desmond pr9ces by 8 sacr$ m9i/ry & c\nsel4 ,9 #aehb he 0 in/ruct$ by ! ,e>l ( ,desmond to proce$ to ,spa9 & ,rome1 & negotiate :atev] measures might t5d to ! succ\r ( ,irel&4 ,! foll[+ lett]s address$ by ?is ,iri% *iefta9 to ! reign+ pontiff ,gregory ,,xiii41 w be read ) int]e/ by all :o are acqua9t$ ) t sad p]iod ( our hi/ory2 !y are extract$ f ! ,vatican ar*ives3 8,,sanctissime ,,pat]1 8,9 v9ca ,dom9i ex]cituum laboramus expugn&o lut]anam i/am ,angliae ,reg9am2 toto enim hoc tri5nio elapso1 pr\t jam bellum g]imus1 9 armis sumus4 ,no/rum omnemque /atum omniaque no/ra exposuimus p]iculo evid5tissimo semp] p]d5di1 bellumque i/ud 9 ,hib]nia propt] causas subsequ5tes 8 tribus annis elapsis 9 manus lib5tissime assumpsimus1 nimirum quod sanctae matris ,ecclesiae causa erat1 ac quod ,ve/ra ,sanctitas jussit1 atque hortabatur ut rem incip]emus4 ,mihi meisque omnibus m9ime pep]ci1 oppida1 villas et pagos1 arces et ca/ra cum fratribus no/ris ,joanne et ,jacobo de ,g]ald9is ac sexdecim aliis ex no/ra domo1 9 hoc bello p]didimus3 nihilom9us quamdiu vita comes fu]it i/ud bellum prosequemur contra ,angliae mal$ictam ,reg9am donec ,s4 ,sanctitas ac sua maje/as ,ca?olica nos juv]it ut possimus ha]eticos propell]e ex ,hib]nia totumque ,regnum subjic]e legibus sanctae matris ,ecclesiae4 ,et quia hact5us prae/olationem i/ius subsidii exp]imur1 h>um latorem ,episcopum ,laon5sem no/ro et omnium nobilium hujus causae cons5su ambasciatorem et sollicitatorem univ]si negotii ad ,suam ,sanctitatem et ad ,s4 maje/atem ,ca?olicam mittimus cui ,v4 ,sanctitas omnem fidem dabit1 illumque ita auscultet non secus quam nos si praes5tes fuissemus auscult>et1 rogantes obnixe ,v4 ,sanctitatem 7cui p$es humili animo exosculamur7 ut no/ram inquietud9em et longam p]turbationem animadv]tat auxiliumque cum hoc no/ro ambasciatore mittatur quo pot]imus confr+]e audaciam adv]s>iorum ,*ri/i ,ecclesiae4 ,exp$iret d5ique ut ,v4 ,sanctitas auctoritatem nuncii 9 negotiis ecclesia/icis mitt]et ad ,laon5sem ,episcopum et potissimum ut ipsi liceat pontificalia (ficia ex]c]e ubicumque se inv5]it cum lic5tia ord9>ii2 vir enim spectatae vitae et virtutis magnaeque spei apud omnes e/1 huicque causae addictissimus1 ac fidelissimus4 8,datum 9 ,ca/ris ,ca?olicorum 9 ,hib]nia1 die #a ,septembris1 #aehb4 ,sanctitatis ,vae4 addictissimus s]vus1 8,,g]ol ,,desmond04 ,two mon?s lat] ! second lett] 0 address$ to ! same great pontiff3 8,,sanctissime ,,pat]1 8,accepimus a presbyt]o ,hib]no ,sanctitatis ve/rae litt]as p] ,c>d9alem ,com5sem datas ,romae #fto ,augu/i1 quibus nobis patuit ,sanctitatis ,ve/rae prop5sissimus animus1 curaque vigilantissima n$um erga nos s$ etiam erga salutem totius ,regni ,hib]niae1 adeo ut ad ejus voluntatem 9 hoc nihil addi pote/1 quam pollicetur nos reipsa exp]turos sup]n elem5tia opitulante4 ,quod v]o commissum erat latori qui tul]it litt]as ut spem nobis augeat ac ut 9 negotio hoc sancto p]si/amus p$efixo1 suo mun]i 9 hoc satisfecit4 ,intelligat ,v4 ,sanctitas quod quamquam nos omnia p5e temporalia 9 hoc bello1 fidei def5sionis causa1 amisimus1 et quod multo vehem5tius nos angit 9 conflictibus contra ,anglos ,ecclesiae f]oces ho/es no/rum consobr9um ,d4 ,jacobum ,g]ald9um cum no/ris po/remo fratribus ,d4 ,joanne et ,jacobo ac nonnullis aliis ex no/ra domo qui successive 9 hoc bello occubu]e1 nihilom9us tam5 9 hac ,dei et ,sanctitatis ,ve/rae causa immobilis p]maneo1 sup]ni ,dei optimi maximi ac ,sanctitatis ve/rae prae/olaturus auxilium quo possem sev]os ,ecclesiae ho/es propell]e ex ,regno1 illiusque integrum /atum legibus sanctae matris ,ecclesiae subjic]e2 pro9de ,v4 ,sanctitas quemadmodum 9 ea omnem spem habemus non diff]at nos juv>e et quod reliquum erit cum ,rege ,ca?olico f]v5tissime et quam citissime ag]e ut auxilium jam nobis mittatur pl5um et suffici5s quo f9em huic rei int5tae imponamus4 8,ad sollicit&um i/ud negotium1 m5se ,septembri praet]ito misimus no/rum ambasciatorem ,epum4 ,laon5sem ad ,s4 ,ve/ram et ad ,regem ,ca?olicum quem plurimi faciat ,v4 ,sanctitas omnem fidem illi praeb5do 9 omnibus rebus att95tibus ad nos et ad univ]sum /atum illius belli2 po/ cujus discessum duc5tos ,anglos 9 uno conflictu int]fecimus1 ea enim quae ,deus op]atus e/ p] nos contra ,anglos ante ejus discessum1 autumo illum ,s4 ,sanctitati ap]uisse3 exp$iret d5ique omn9o ut cum hoc subsidio po/ulato v5iat aliquis ,nuncii auctoritatem hab5s int] nos1 qui judicio omnium c5s5dus esset ,laon5sis1 ad quem ,s4 ,sanctitas dignetur etiam h>um responsum dirig]e ut via sibi cognita nos mox c]tiores r$dat4 ,vivat ,v4 ,sanctitas nobis 9 multos annos4 8,ex ,ca/ris ,ca?olicorum 9 ,hib]nia1 die #fto ,novembris1 #aehb4 8,,g]ol ,,desmond04 ,a ?ird lett]1 dat$ #ah? ,june 9 ! foll[+ ye>1 repeats ! same s5tim5ts ( devot$ atta*m5t to ! ,holy ,see1 & petitions t ! l&s ( ! deceas$ ,james ,g]ald9e %\ld be grant$ to 8 son1 ,g]ald4 ,x ?us concludes3 8,litt]as v]o sup] pra$ictas t]ras confectas1 ,v4 ,sanctitas dignetur mitt]e p] ,nuntium ,apo/olicum ,hispani>um ad no/rum ,ambasciatorem ,cornelium ,episcopum ,laon5sem cui cupimus ut ,v4 ,sanctitas fidem 9 omnibus adhibeat1 eumque fretum auctoritate ,nuntii cum subsidio mitt5do ad nos dignetur mitt]e1 quia aliis palmam pra]ipit1 quibus hoc esset conc$5dum4 ,valeat ac vivat ,v4 ,sanctitas 9 ,ne/oreos annos4 8,ex ,ca/ris ,ca?olicorum 9 ,hyb]nia1 #ah ,junii4 8,/is4 ,vae4 s]vus addictissimus pr\t op]a ipsa comprobant contra adv]s>ios ho/esque ecclesiae4 8,,desmond04 ,9 ! ,vatican ar*ives is also pres]v$ a s]ies ( lett]s ( our bi%op ,cornelius1 address$ to ,rome 9 ! ye>s #aehb1 #aehc1 & #aehd4 ,!y are all connect$ ) ! diplomatic mission :i* he receiv$ f ! ,g]ald9e pr9ces1 & "s ( !m ?r[ consid]able light on ! contempor>y civil & ecclesia/ical hi/ory ( our isl&4 ,be=e1 h[ev]1 we pres5t !m to ! read]1 we deem x necess>y to rem>k t ! relations ( our bi%ops & ( ! ,holy ,see ) ! native pr9ces dur+ ! w>s ( ,elizabe?'s reign h (t5 be5 miscon/ru$1 9 ! writ+s ( ^? :o 7 l$ away by ! fr5zy ( political agitation4 ,! ,iri% *iefta9s _h at ?is p]iod ! title & privileges ( indep5d5t pr9ces2 & z su* !y 7 entitl$ to def5d ) ! sword ^? religi\s & civil rights :i* ! gov]nm5t ( ,elizabe? attempt$ to de/roy4 ,h5ce1 _! /ruggle m]it$ ! sympa?y ( ! ,holy ,see & ! bless+ ( our m>tyr-cl]gy4 ,b f> m di/ant ?an heav5 is f e>? 7 ! *ivalry ( ,james ,fitzmaurice & ! h]oism ( ,hugh ,o',neill f t accurs$ ,f5ian blight :i*1 alas6 has n[-a-days fall5 ^u "s ( our b5ight$ & delud$ c\ntrym56 ,we give ^! lett]s 9 *ronological ord]1 & 9 _! orig9al language1 t ?us our read]s may be ! bett] able to appreciate ! s5tim5ts ( ?is di/+ui%$ bi%op ( ,killaloe4 #a4 ,! fir/ lett] is dat$ ,lisbon1 #bbnd ,septemb]1 #aehb1 & 0 address$ to 8 ,em95ce ,c>d9al de ,como3-- 8,,illu/rissime ,,dom9e1 8,litt]as comitis ,desmoniae ,g5]alis ,ca?olicorum 9 ,hib]nia cum no/ris litt]is mittimus ad suam ,sanctitatem ex quibus sua ,dignatio ,illu/rissima pl5ius intelligat negotium1 op]amque det1 quaeso1 ut huic sanctissimae caussae jam t&em subv5iatur3 alioqu9 actum erit de comite ,desmoniae caet]isque ,ca?olicis qui arma elev>unt fidei def5sionis caus1 patriaque illa ,hib]nia impi pote/ate reg9ae mal$ictae ,angliae omn9o subjiciatur4 ,sua ,dignatis ,illu/rissima dignetur responsum ill>um litt]>um suae ,sanctitatis p] ,nuntium ,apo/olicum ,hispani>um ad nos mitt]e4 ,caet]um talis clausula habetur 9 mea ,bulla quod extra meum episcopatum etiam cum lic5tia ord9>ii non possem ex]c]e pontificalia4 ,pro9de rogo suam ,dom9ationem ,illmam4 ut dignetur alloqui ea de re ,suam ,sanctitatem1 mihique h9c oris oraculo vel 9 scriptis impetr>e ut possim cum lic5tia ord9>ii ex]c]e pontificalia1 multum enim hoc prod]it4 ,valeat sua dom9atio ,illu/rissima 9 ,*ri/o ,jesu4 8,ex ,ulissipona #bb m5sis ,sept41 #aehb4 8,illu/rissimae ,dom9ationis ve/rae1 8addictissimus s]vus1 8,,cornelius ,,laon5sis ,episcopus04 #b4 ,! second lett] is address$ to ,pope ,gregory ,,xiii41 f ,madrid1 ! #d? ,decemb]1 #aehb3 8,,beatissime ,,pat]1 8,cum primum appul]am ,ulissiponam ex ,hib]nia1 scripsi ,suae ,sanctitati omnem /atum totius i/ius negotii ,hib]niae litt]asque comitis ,desmoniae ,g5]alis ,ca?olicorum p] ,nuntium ,apo/olicum ,hispani>um suae ,sanctitati misi4 ,t&em usque modo omni dilig5tia egi cum rege ,ca?olico1 ut negotio subv5iret3 hanc resolutionem jam recepi1 usque quod sua ,maje/as sit p>ata ut subv5iat ac quod 9 ,lusitania habet milites p>atos ad exp$itionem i/ius negotii1 et quod i/ud cum sit negotium sanctae matris ,ecclesiae et fidei re/itu5dae 9 ,hib]nia1 necesse esse1 ut ,ve/ra ,sanctitas juvet atque subv5iat1 et i/ud subsidium quod exigitur e/ pecuni>um ut pra$ictis militibus /ip5dia solvantur4 ,t&em jussum e/ ut ego conf]rem me ,madritium ut cum ,nuntio ,apo/olico et ,c>d9ali ,granvelano ag]em ut ipsi cum ,sua ,sanctitate sol]tes agant1 ut ,sua ,sanctitas ord9et quibus m$iis et quo ord9e hoc fiat3 qu>e cum i/ud negotium sit positum 9 s9u ,sanctitatis ,ve/rae1 atque ab ipso omn9o emanat1 rogo atque obte/or ,s4 ,sanctitatem ut dignetur subv5ire1 ord9emque praescrib]e1 ut pecuniae 9 subsidium et ad exp$itionem i/ius negotii d5tur ut militibus /ip5dia solvantur1 digneturque cum sua ,maje/ate ag]e ut videlicet s9e dilatione incipiat vel cum ipsa po/ulat1 ut non diff]atur1 alioqu9 actum erit de /atu totius regni ,hib]niae et sc9tilla fidei quae illic adhuc remanet omn9o ext+uetur1 illudque ,regnum quod semp] 9 gremio sanctae matris ,ecclesiae quievit et floruit omn9o subjicietur impiae pote/ati ,reg9ae mal$ictae ,angliae4 ,comes enim ,desmoniae po/quam p]didit 9 hoc bello suos fratres g]manos cum nonnullis nobilibus ex sua domo1 +5ue fatetur se non posse amplius su/9]e i/ud bellum s9e subsidio sibi pollicito3 e/ igitur illi cito subv5i5dum antequam viribus omn9o en]vetur4 ,ve/ra ,sanctitas recordetur hanc caussam esse suam1 fidei et sanctae matris ecclesiae1 et ,hib]norum qui semp] v]e filii ,s$is ,apo/olicae sunt1 et potissimum comitis ,desmoniae qui omnia sua omnemque suum /atum p]iculo semp] p]d5di exposuit fidei def5sionis caus4 ,valeat et vivat ,sanctitas ,ve/ra 9 ,ne/oreos annos4 8,madritii1 qu>to die m5sis ,decembris #aehb4 8,sanctitatis ,v4 humilis filius et addictissimus s]vus1 8,,cornelius ,,laon5sis ,episcopus04 #c4 ,! lett] to ! ,holy ,fa!r 0 accompani$ by ano!r %ort lett] address$ to ! ,c>d9alis ,com5sis z foll[s3 8,,illu/rissime ,,dom9e1 8,9 litt]is ,suae ,sanctitatis pot]is vid]e responsum regis ,ca?olici3 respondet enim se hab]e milites 9 ,lusitania ad exp$itionem no/ri negotii ,hib]niae1 s$ necesse esse ut ,sua ,sanctitas subm9i/ret pecunias ut p>ti militum /ip5dia solvantur4 ,pro9de cum regis ord9e v5i ,ulissipona ,madritium ut satag]em cum ,nuntio ,apo/olico et ,c>d9ali ,granvelano1 et hoc ,suae ,sanctitati detegatur ut cum ejus ord9e et subsidio res incipiatur2 demon/rat enim rex nobis se promptissimum esse ut jam subv5iat4 ,cum igitur i/ud negotium omn9o emanet a sollicitatione ,dom9ationis suae ,illmae4 tum cum ,sua ,sanctitate1 tum etiam cum ,rege ,ca?olico1 rogo atque obte/or suam ,dom9ationem ,illmam4 ut omni dilig5tia agat1 ut non diff]atur i/ud subsidium mitt]e ad illos nobiles qui toto hoc tri5nio elapso i/ud exspectant quique omnia sua fidei def5sionis causa p]did]unt4444 8,ex ,madritio #d ,decemb41 #aehb4 8,illu/rissimae ac ,rev]5dissimae ,dom9ationis ,ve/rae1 8,,cornelius ,,laon5sis ,episcopus04 #d4 ,on ! #bf? ( ,may1 ! foll[+ ye>1 ! next lett] 0 address$ f ,madrid to ! same c>d9al3 8,,illu/rissime ,,ac ,,rev]5dissime ,,dom9e1 8,accepi suae ,dom9ationis ,illu/rissimae litt]as datas ,romae die #d ,janu>ii quibus hact5us di/uli respond]e donec ultimam resolutionem a sua ,maje/ate ,ca?olica recip]em1 quam suae ,dom9ationi ,illu/rissimae signific>e c5sui ut eam detegat ,suae ,sanctitati4 ,quae quidem e/ haec1 nempe quod sua ,maje/as sit imp$ita donec videat exitum classis euntis 9 insulas ,t]tiae1 et ea ratione ducebatur ut me det9]et quia comes ,desmoniae scripsit ad suam ,maje/atem quod si 9 meo adv5tu 79 quem tum ipse tum caet]i nobiles tantum confid]unt7 i/ud negotium ,hib]niae non hab]et prosp]um successum1 /atim si/]et gradum g]5di bellum1 inducias fo$usque compon]et cum reg9a mal$icta ,angliae4 ,jam v]o ad nutri5dum int]im bellum 9 ,hib]nia1 sua ,maje/as ,ca?olica prae/itit nobis magnam summam pecuni>um1 armorum et victualium cum quibus ego h9c pr(iciscor ad portum m>is ut illa necess>ia s9e dilatione et cum omni dilig5tia ill9c transmittam ad comitem ,desmoniae4 ,re/at jam ut ,sua ,sanctitas p]saepe comm5det i/ud negotium ,hib]niae suae ,maje/ati ,ca?olicae ut f9ito negotio pra$ictae insulae /atim negotium no/rum incipiat4 8,caet]um secret>ius suae ,maje/atis ,ca?olicae rogat me ut ex]ceam ,pontificalia 9 quodam episcopatu hc cum c]ta p5sione donec sua ,maje/as p>ata erit ad mitt5dam classem 9 ,hib]niam gratumque hoc esse1 m9usque fa/idiosum regi affirmat qui tantis on]ibus sumptibusque premitur4 ,jam 9 sup]ioribus litt]is petii facultatem ex]c5di pontificalia et de hoc jam recepi responsum ,suae ,sanctitatis p] suam ,dom9ationem ,illu/rissimam videlicet ,suam ,sanctitatem dixisse hoc adv]s>i decretis concilii ,trid5t9i et propt]ea nullat5us posse conc$i4 ,intelligat ,sua ,sanctitas hanc clausulam non esse positam 9 mea ,bulla propt] meam culpam1 neque etiam esse positam 9 ,bullis ,episcoporum ,hib]norum po/ me creatorum qui nihil p]pessi sunt 9 hoc bello ,hib]nico1 quemadmodum ego p]pessus sum nullaque praecl>a fac9ora edid]ant quemadmodum longe lateque con/at me edidisse1 nobilesque ,hib]nos esse valde (f5sos qu&o dicebam1 9 campo me non posse ex]c]e pontificalia extra meum episcopatum etiam cum lic5tia ord9>iorum loci4 ,pro9de sua ,dom9atio ,illu/rissima rogabit ,suam ,sanctitatem ut dignetur 9 praemium laborum susceptorum et suscipi5dorum 9 hoc bello ,hib]nico mihi vivae vocis oraculo vel 9 scriptis conc$]e facultatem ex]c5di pontificalia1 et hc int]im quoad rex me det9eat1 cum lic5tia ord9>iorum1 vel1 s$e vacante1 jussu regis et 9 ,hib]nia eodem modo et ubi non sunt ,episcopi ,ca?olici1 jussu comitis ,desmoniae g5]alis ,ca?olicorum possem similit] ex]c]e pontificalia1 s]vatis s]v&is a jure et a sacro concilio ,trid5t9o1 contra quod aliquid moliri illicitum esse semp] duxi4 ,qu>e obte/or suam ,dom9ationem ,illu/rissimam ut /atim et s9e dilatione dignetur de hoc ag]e cum ,sua ,sanctitate1 hancque lic5tiam mihi mitt]e p] ,nuncium ,apo/olicum ,hispani>um1 hocque intelligat non m9us gratum esse regi quam comiti ,desmoniae1 aliisque nobilibus ejus p>tem tu5tibus 9 ,hib]nia4 ,*ri/us ,jesus suam ,dom9ationem ,illu/rissimam p]quam diutissime nobis sospitem cons]vet4 8,madritii1 die #bf ,maii1 #aehc4 8,illu/rissimae ,dom9ationis ,suae1 8addictissimus s]vus1 8,,cornelius ,,laon5sis ,episcopus04 #e4 ,six weeks lat]1 ! ,bi%op ( ,killaloe aga9 writes to ! ,c>d9al de ,como1 acqua9t+ him ) ! measures tak5 by ! ,spani% mon>*3 8,,illu/rissime ,,ac ,,rev]5dissime ,,dom9e1 8,quamquam t]nas ante has de eadem scripsi tibi litt]as sup]ioribus diebus1 tam5 ne =te ad ejus manus m9ime dev5]9t1 c5sui rursus has tibi scrib]e litt]as ut intelligat regem ,ca?olicum mihi respondisse impossibile esse jam classem mitti 9 ,hib]niam antequam sua ,maje/as intelligat exitum classis quae jam pr(iciscitur ad insulas ,t]tiae contra ,dom9um ,antonium4 ,int]im tam5 ut bellum facilius su/5tetur1 9 ,hib]nia prae/itit mihi subsidium pecuni>um1 armorum et victualium transmitt5dum mox 9 ,hib]niam ad comitem ,desmoniae2 quorum omnium causa et ex m&ato regio 9 hoc portu p]maneo1 donec pra$icta omnia mittam ad ,hib]niam quod sp]o fiet prop$iem cum nihil aliud prae/olatur nisi v5tus prosp]us4 ,int]ea ,rex ,ca?olicus jussit ut p5sio mihi assign>etur qua hone/e potuissem me su/5t>e sup] ,episcopatu ,tigitan5si1 int]imque classis praep>abitur1 cujus proprius pa/or oblitus sui /atus se junxit ,dom9o ,antonio contra ,regem ,ca?olicum444 8,ex portu de ,scetufill1 #e ,julii1 #aehc04 #f4 ,! next lett] is dat$ f ,lisbon1 ! #a/ ,augu/1 #aehc1 & is address$ to ! ,holy ,fa!r ,gregory ,,xiii43 8,,sanctissime ,,pat]1 8,comes ,desmoniae g5]alis ,ca?olicorum f]v5t] scripsit ad me sup]ioribus diebus ut cum ,sua ,sanctitate ag]em ut dign>etur p] ,bullam au!nticam vel p] ,breve ,apo/olicum conc$]e t]ras possessionesque illorum qui int]fec]unt ,dom9um ,jacobum ,g]ald9um g5]alem ve/rae ,sanctitatis 9 ,hib]nia1 ,g]aldo ,g]ald9o filio pra$icti ,d4 ,jacobi ut ipsi ,g]ald9i vehem5tius habeant ansam ins]vi5di ,s$i ,apo/olicae atque ,suae ,sanctitati1 ac ut adv]s>ii hoc conc$5do t]reantur ne ,s$em ,apo/olicam impugn5t neve i/ius ,s$is ,sanctissimae s9t adv]s>ii int] nos qui ,anglis faveant atque opitul5tur po/hac quemadmodum hact5us4 ,quocirca nonnihil conducet negotio atque ad augm5tationem fidei 9 ,hib]nia ut ,sua ,sanctitas consid]et s]vitium ,g]ald9orum et potissimum ,jacobi ,g]ald g5]alis ,ve/rae ,sanctitatis et i/ius po/remo comitis ,desmoniae qui totis viribus impugnat mal$ictam reg9am ejusque fautores quique progressus felices ipsam impugn&o hact5us habuit4 ,pro9de 9 praemium horum omnium ,ve/ra ,sanctitas dignetur conc$]e litt]as atque possessiones i/orum qui int]fec]unt ,d4 ,jacobum ,g]ald9um1 ,dom9o ,g]aldo ,g]ald9o filio pra$icti ,d4 ,jacobi ,g5]alis ,ve/rae ,sanctitatis pr\t comes ,desmoniae ,suae ,sanctitati fusissime scripsit3 quod si fec]it ,sua ,sanctitas rem gratissimam comiti factura sit coet]osque p5e nobiles ,hib]nos concitabit ut sibi ,s$ique ,apo/olicae ins]viant1 domumque ,g]ald9orum semp] sibi addictissimam et promptissimam exp]ietur4 ,*ri/us ,jesus ,suam ,sanctitatem nobis sospitem cons]vet 9 multos annos4 8,ex ,ulissipona1 #a ,augu/i1 #aehc4 8,sanctitatis ,ve/rae1 8filius atque addictissimus s]vus1 8,,cornelius ,,laon5sis ,episcopus04 #g4 ,! sev5? lett] is address$ f ,lisbon on #bf? ,nov4 #aehc1 to ,c>d9al de ,como3 8,p]saepe hact5us egi litt]is cum ,sua ,sanctitate atque praes5tia et v]bo cum sua ,maje/ate ,ca?olica ut omnia t&em dign5tur subv5ire ,regno ,hib]niae mis]e hact5us desolato4 ,s$ cum jam tempus ade/ subv5i5di1 c5sui rog>e suam ,dom9ationem ,illu/rissimam ut dignetur ag]e cum ,sua ,sanctitate1 ut cum ,rege ,ca?olico agat1 ut haec classis quae rev]titur ex insula ,t]tiae transmittatur ad ,hib]niam1 qua transmissa ,hib]nia legibus sanctae matris ecclesiae atque ,anglia prop$iem subjicietur4 ,d5ique haec erit proximior via qua sua ,maje/as habebit ,fl&riam quietam sibique subjectam4444 8,valeat ,dom9us meus ,illu/rissimus1 9 ,*ri/o ,jesu4 8,ex ,ulissipona1 #bf ,novemb41 #aehc4 8,dom9ationis ,suae ,illu/rissimae1 8addictissimus s]vus1 8,,cornelius ,,laon5sis ,episcopus04 #h4 ,?ree mon?s lat] ano!r lett] 0 address$ to ! same c>d9al1 convey+ ! sad intellig5ce ( ! assass9ation ( ! ,e>l ( ,desmond3 8,,illu/rissime ,,dom9e1 8,suam ,dom9ationem ,illu/rissimam c]tiorem r$d]e c5sui de hoc negotio ,hib]niae ut ,suam ,sanctitatem dignetur de illo in=m>e4 ,imprimis intelligat ,illu/rissimus ,dom9us1 ,g]aldum ,comitem ,desmoniae g5]alem ,ca?olicorum qui erat caput i/ius belli ,hib]nici occubuisse nup]rime et traditorie 9 bello1 ejusque caput po/ ejus mortem a nef>iis ,anglis erat abscissum et transmissum ex ,hib]nia ad mal$ictam ,angliae nom9atam reg9am4 ,tri/issima ac longe moe/issima nova nobis sunt i/a ac prorsus de r$uctione ,hib]niae ad fidem pr9cipia desp]&i1 nisi ,s4 ,sanctitas mox manus adjutrices porrigat1 tum subv5i5do militibus aut pecuniis1 tum etiam scrib5do quam effectuosissime ad suam ,maje/atem ,ca?olicam1 ut non diff]at jam mitt]e classem ad ,hib]niam1 qua transmissa univ]sa ,hib]nia legibus sanctae matris ,ecclesiae subjicietur eritque etiam pr9cipium et solidum fundam5tum r$uctionis ,angliae ad fidem3 quod si hoc non fiet mox antequam ,reg9a mal$icta iniquis suis legibus subjiciat sibi regnum cum non sit aliquis pr9cipalis qui resi/at1 actum erit de toto negotio et sc9tilla fidei quae huc usque illic viguit omn9o ext+uetur1 eritque ,hib]nia non secus quam ,anglia ref]ta iniquis legibus mal$ictae ,reg9ae4444 8,ex ,ulissipona1 #ac ,febru>ii1 #aehd4 8,illu/rissimae ,dom9ationis ,ve/rae1 8addictissimus s]vus1 8,,cornelius ,,laon5sis ,episcopus04 ,,ix4 ,on ! #g? ( ,septemb]1 #aehd1 our ,bi%op aga9 writes to ,8 ,em95ce3-- 8,,illu/rissime ,,dom9e1 8,hact5us prae/olab> cupidissimo animo pr(ectionem classis ,suae ,sanctitatis ac maje/atis ,ca?olicae 9 ,hib]niam quod cum mihi 9 m&atis a magnatibus ,hib]niae et potissimum a ,comite ,desmoniae incumbebat1 ut hoc sollicit>em1 (ficio non defui hact5us ut probe novit ,sua ,dom9atio ,illu/rissima4 ,jam v]o cum pra$ictus comes ,desmoniae g5]alis ,ca?olicorum sit int]fectus 9 bello nem9emque alium moliri bellum 9 ,hib]nia po/ ejus mortem1 qu9imo omnes obtemp]ant ,reg9ae1 comp]io negotium esse tepidum frigidumque1 ac pro9de c5sui oratum iri suam ,dom9em4 ,illu/rissimam ut dignetur alloqui ,suam ,sanctitatem1 erga meam p5uriam et necessitatem r]um necess>i>um1 ob id quod nihil ex propriis r$itibus recipio1 et cum ,sua ,sanctitate satag]e ut aliquid mihi quolibet m5se vel annue subm9i/retur p] collectorem ,apo/olicum commorantem ,ulissiponae1 ubi cupio commor>i prope nova ,hib]niae1 donec co classis mittatur aut ,reg9a moriatur1 quia s9e una aut alt]a nequeo adire ,hib]niam4444 8,ulissiponae1 #g ,septembris1 #aehd4 8,sua ,dom9atio ,illu/rissima dignetur fav]e ,rob]to ,laseo ,cancell>io ,lim]ic5si qui n$um e/ vir probus ac g5]osus s$ etiam quam multa p]didit 9 bello praet]ito ,hib]nico cum ,comite ,desmoniae4 8,illu/rissimae ac ,rev]5dissimae ,dom4 ,v4 8addictissimus s]vus1 8,,cornelius ,,laon5sis ,episcopus04 ,x4 ,ano!r lett] 0 address$ to ! ,pope on ! same day3 8,,beatissime ,,pat]1 8,po/quam 9 campo ,ca?olicorum cum comite ,desmoniae1 caet]isque nobilibus ,regni ,hib]niae solus episcopus tribus annis mans]am labores improbos su/95s pra$ic&o1 admon5do et imp]&o quae exp$iebant saluti hom9um progressuique belli contra rabidissimos f]ocesque ecclesiae ho/es ,anglos1 nihilque int]im recipi5s ex proprio ,episcopatu1 cujus r$ditus p]cipiuntur a quodam ha]etico nom9ato ,episcopo qui illic residet ex p>te ,reg9ae maladictae ,angliae1 me t&em contuli ad has p>tes jussu comitis ,desmoniae ,g5]alis ,ca?olicorum caet]orumque nobilium sibi adha]5tium ut (ficio ,ambasciatoris fung]]1 n$um cum ,sua ,sanctitate s$ etiam cum sua ,maje/ate ,ca?olica ut dign>etur sibi mitt]e classem vel saltem m$iocre subsidium quo bellum felicit] incoeptum ad optatum f9em d$uc]et1 quemadmodum ipse comes suis litt]is adhuc viv5s p]saepe detexit ,suae ,sanctitati4 ,ego hact5us saepissime egi cum sua ,maje/ate s$ subsidium illud exiguum quod extorsi a sua ,maje/ate adeo dilatum erat ut comes ,desmoniae viam univ]sae c>nis +r$]etur 9 bello1 antequam navicula illa cum armis illis et pecuniis ,hib]niam appul]at1 unde r$iit cum eodem subsidio ad m9i/ros suae ,maje/atis ,ulissiponam4 ,porro po/ mortem pra$icti comitis ,desmoniae nullus e/ 9 ,hib]nia qui agit bellum contra ,reg9am neque autumo =e po/quam vid]ant comitem ,desmoniae se suumque /atum exspect&o subsidium tanto tempore1 ne se suumque /atum similit]1 dep]dant qu9 potius tota ,hib]nia obtemp]et ,reg9ae4 ,pro9de opus non erit po/hac subsidio m$iocri s$ classi3 quod ,sua ,sanctitas dignetur ag]e cum sua ,maje/ate4 ,quod si transmittatur1 /atim univ]sa ,hib]nia atque po/modum ,anglia legibus sanctae matris ecclesiae subjicietur2 brevior1 aptiorque haec via quoque erit ut ,rex ,ca?olicus habeat ,fl&riam quietam sibique subjectam4 8,ulissiponae1 #g ,sept41 #aehd4 8,sanctitatis ,v4 filius1 8atque addictissimus s]vus1 8,,cornelius ,,laon5sis ,episcopus04 ,,xi4 ,! la/ & mo/ important ( ,dr4 ,o',melrian's lett]s is dat$ ! #bi? ,octob]1 #aehd4 ,x is address$ to ,c>d9al de ,como1 & besides _m p>ticul>s connect$ ) ! ,ar*bi%ops ( ,ca%el & ,tuam1 & ! ,bi%ops ( ,emly1 ,f]ns1 ,ossory1 ,ross1 & ,lim]ick1 we also ga!r f x t our bi%op1 be=e 8 promotion to ,killaloe1 _h held "s o!r see1 probably t ( ,kilmacduagh3 8,,illu/rissime ,,dom9e1 8,decem sunt anni elapsi ex quo ,sua ,sanctitas me creavit ,episcopum3 tam5 po/quam me contuli ad ,hib]niam nullum +ressum habui ad meum ,episcopatum qui occupatus a quodam ,pseudo-,episcopo ,reg9ae qui dumtaxat colligit r$itus1 m9ime g]5s curam anim>um1 totoque hoc tempore neque +ressum unius diei 9 ,episcopatum1 neque obolum ex meis r$ditibus potui hab]e neque sp]o me habiturum nisi po/ mortem ,reg9ae1 aut nisi classis a ,s4 ,sanctitate et ,maje/ate ,ca?olica mittatur cum qua eo irem4 ,itaque hact5us cum ,comite ,desmoniae caet]isque nobilibus sibi adha]5tibus mansi 9 ,hib]nia 9 ca/ris ,ca?olicorum1 me praeb5s ut decuit praecl>um exempl> omnium virtutum improbos labores et in$iam su/95s1 pra$ic&o1 exhort&o1 admon5do1 sev]itatem aliquoties cum l5itate adhib5do 9 corrig5dis vitiis1 et p]suad5do semp] quae exp$iebant saluti hom9um progressuique belli contra rabidissimos atque f]oces ,ecclesiae ho/es ,anglos4 ,placuit t&em comiti ,desmoniae g5]ali ,ca?olicorum1 caet]isque proc]ibus me mitt]e huc1 fretum auctoritate ,ambasciatoris ut cum ,sua ,sanctitate atque ,maje/ate ,ca?olica ag]em de classe vel subsidio mitt5do ad ,hib]niam quod cum omni dilig5tia cum ,sua ,sanctitate litt]is egi ut probe novit sua ,dom9atio ,illma42 v]bo voce et praes5tia egi cum sua ,maje/ate ,ca?olica vixque extorsi naviculam unam cum armis et pecuniis1 quae antequam appul]at ,hib]niam1 rep]]at comitem ,desmoniae int]fectum esse 9 bello1 caet]osque suos dilapsos esse adeo ut m5tio belli m9ime habebatur3 tunc rursum idem subsidium r$iit huc1 quod ego integrum re/itui m9i/ris suae ,maje/atis ,ca?olicae4 ,jam nihilom9us sol]t] ago cum sua ,maje/ate ut dignetur classem vel saltem subsidium m$iocre mitt]e ad ,hib]niam cum ,dom9o ,mauritio ,g]ald9o consobr9o comitis ,desmoniae qui 8 diebus caus implor&i subsidium tum a ,s4 ,sanctitate tum a ,rege ,ca?olico evolavit ex ,hib]nia huc4 ,vehem5t] etiam rogo suam ,dom9ationem ,illu/rissimam ut dignetur ag]e cum ,sua ,sanctitate ut h9c subv5iatur ac ut ,s4 ,sanctitas mox dignetur ea de re ag]e cum sua ,maje/ate2 quia i/e e/ vir /r5uus1 nobilis et exp]tissimus 9 rebus bellicis1 qui 9 bello hoc praet]ito comitis ,desmoniae nonnullas victorias pr9cipales habuit contra ,anglos3 ,sua enim ,sanctitas plurimum t5etur ,g]ald9is qui se suumque /atum exposu]unt p]iculo semp] p]d5di 9 s]vitio ,suae ,sanctitatis4 ,caet]um sua ,dom9atio ,illu/rissima intelligat me hic ,ulissiponae mor>i prope nova ,hib]niae et sollicit&o cont9ue cum sua ,maje/ate ut mittat subsidium alicujus mom5ti vel classem ad ,hib]niam4444 8,creatio ,episcoporum jam1 nisi mittatur classis n$um e/ inutilis s$ nociva quia hoc tempore aegre possunt cre>i atque prodesse 9 ,hib]nia vel 9 ,anglia 7praet] p>tes ,ultoniae 9 ,hib]nia7 quia utrobique non hab5t nisi lat]e et inc$]e ve/itu saecul>i vel milit>i /rictis c9ctisve gladiis et pugionibus s9e tonsura aut corona1 s9e habitu cl]icali s9e r$itibus et ob$i5tia a suis3 et ita adhuc si conv9cantur episcopos esse po5a capitis vel p]petui c>c]is plect5tur et eorum p>5tes vel consangu9ei apud quos v]sabantur secrete1 omnia bona sua et t]ras p] edictum ,reg9ae fisco p]d5t4444 8,ar*iepiscopus ,ca%ell5sis gloriosissime et con/antissime m>tyrium p]pessus e/ ,dubl9ae1 qui quamvis ac]rimis po5is agitabatur nullo pacto pot]at duci1 ut iniquis legibus ,reg9ae obtemp]>et2 qui ex primo die quo se contulit ad ,hib]niam 9 habitu saecul>i 7alit] enim non potuit7 v]sabatur1 donec erat compreh5sus ut explorator1 qui quidem cum erat p]contatus si erat ,ecclesia/icus necne1 fassus e/ se ,ar*iepiscopum esse et 9 fide con/antissime et gloriosissime mortuus e/4 ,s$1 quod doleo1 jam non publice s$ secreto et s9e plebe m>tyrio coronantur1 quem ad modum i/e ar*iepiscopus a tribus dumtaxat militibus erat susp5sus ne alios incit>et aut inflamm>et ad ,*ri/ianam religionem4 8,episcopus v]o ,imolac5sis con/ans 9 fide c>c]ibus ,dubl9ae det9etur cui jam prep>ant ocreas plumbeas ut adhibito igne 7quem ad modum fec]unt prius ,ar*iepiscopo7 9 torm5tis fidem d5eget4 ,episcopus v]o ,f]u5sis1 prius cons5ti5s ,anglis1 po5it5tia ductus ultro se obtulit pro fide qui jam tet]rimis c>c]ibus s9e =am9e lucis det9etur4 ,ar*iepiscopus ,tuam5sis non alit] erat 9 ,hib]nia quam 9 habitu saecul>i1 qui po/quam r$iit ad ,hispaniam1 diem clausit extremum4 ,?omas v]o ,ossori5sis ,episcopus mansit 9 ,hib]nia aliquot m5sibus 9 habitu saecul>i1 t&em contulit se ex ,hib]nia ad ,hispaniam4 ,episcopus ,lim]ic5sis et ,episcopus ,ross5sis po/quam v5]ant ,roma 9 curia ,regis ,hispani>um degunt4 8,videat ,dom9us meus ,illu/rissimus quod horum ,episcoporum creatio magis obe/ quam prode/1 quamvis illic affirm>unt se posse prodesse2 pro9de alii non sunt audi5di qui petunt promov]i ad ,episcopatus1 quum obesse potius possunt quam prodesse4 ,valeat ,dom9us meus ,illu/rissimus 9 ,*ri/o ,jesu4 8,ulissiponae1 #bi ,oct4 #aehd4 8,illu/rissimae ac ,rev]5dissimae ,dom9ationis ,v4 8addictissimus s]vus1 8,,cornelius ,,laon5sis ,episcopus04 ,?is is ! la/ lett] we h met ) f ! illu/ri\s ,bi%op ( ,killaloe1 ,dr4 ,o',melrian4 ,8 episcopate cont9u$ till #afag2 yet ! only ev5t record$ conc]n+ him dur+ ?is long int]val is 8 hav+ exam9$ ! "w ( ,/anihur/1 ,de ,moribus et ,rebus ,hib]niae1 & on ! m>g9 opposite ea* error 8 solemn condemnation 0 f\nd m>k$ ) ! simple =mula3 m5titur 7,hi/4 ,ca?41 pag4 #aba74 ,z reg>ds ! bi%ops ( ! ,e/abli%m5t1 t ( ,james ,curyn1 or ,corr91 seems to h be5 ! fir/ appo9tm5t made by ,k+ ,h5ry ,,viii4 ,"s call him ,bi%op ( ,killaloe z e>ly z #aebi1 dur+ ! episcopate ( ,dr4 ,hogan2 o!rs date 8 appo9tm5t f #aeci_/dj4 ,at all ev5ts x is probable he is ! bi%op t is ref]r$ to 9 ! lett] ( ,dr4 ,br[ne to ,"l ,cromwell on #af? ,febru>y1 #aeci_/dj1 :5 he compla9s t ! ,"l ,deputy 9 ,o',bri5's c\ntry 8depos$ a bi%op :o 0 promot$ by ! k+'s highness1 444 & he t ! ,"l ,deputy ha? n[ promot$ to ! same is a ,gray ,fri> 7,dr4 ,o',kirwan71 "o ( ! holy confessors ( ! late ,g>rantys1 ev5 z rank a traitor z ev] !y 70 7,/ate ,pap]s1 iii4 #abc74 ,dr4 ,corr9 resign$ ! see 9 #aedf1 & ,cornelius ,o',dea 0 appo9t$ by ! k+ 9 ,july1 ! same ye>1 &1 z ,w>e tells u1 he held ! see ab\t n9e ye>s4 ,! next cr[n nom9ee 0 ,mori]ta* ,o',bri54 ,?\gh appo9t$ by ,que5 ,elizabe? 9 #aegj1 he 0 = a long "t cont5t ) ! enjoym5t ( ! temporalities ( ! see1 & x 0 only 9 #aegg t he receiv$ episcopal consecration4 ,john ,rid]1 ! next ,prote/ant bi%op1 0 appo9t$ 9 #afab3 he is *iefly rem>kable = a ,lat9 diction>y :i* he compil$1 & 9 :i* he 0 accus$ ( tak+ bo? ! sub/ance & words f ! ,lexicon ( ,?omas ,?omatius4 ,,! ,,sacram5t ,,( ,,p5ance ,,9 ,,! ,,e>ly ,,iri% ,,*ur*4 ,! "n ,s\l's-fri5d 79 ,iri%17 0 a *>act]i/ic title us$ 9 ! old ,iri% language to designate ^? :o are n[ call$ confessors1 ^: mission x is to receive ! confessions ( ! fai?ful & to heal by ! sacram5t ( p5ance1 ! spiritual w\nds inflict$ on ! s\l aft] baptism4 8,sure we are01 writes ,u%]1 8t x 0 ! cu/om ( ! fai?ful 9 our anci5t ,*ur*1 to confess _! s9s to ! prie/s1 t !y might be made p>tak]s ( ! b5efit ( ! keys = ! quiet+ ( _! tr\bl$ consci5ces0--,disc\rse on ! ,religion1 etc41 p4 #df4 ,our old comm5tator1 ,claudius1 m ?an once repeats ?is doctr9e1 & tea*es t ! p[] ( =giv+ s9s 0 grant$ by ! div9e ,r$eem] to ,8 apo/les & _! successors 9 ! prie/hood3 8,! p[] ( loos+ & b9d+01 he says1 80 grant$ to all ! apo/les by our ,savi\r1 :51 appe>+ to !m aft] ,8 resurrection1 ,he brea!d ^u !m1 & said3 ,receive ye ! ,holy ,gho/3 ^: s9s y %all =give1 !y are =giv51 & ^: s9s y %all reta91 !y are reta9$4 ,ev5 to ! pres5t day ?is duty devolves ^u ! ,*ur* 9 its bi%ops & prie/s1 & hav+ exam9$ ea* s9n]'s cause1 !y absolve ^? :om !y f9d humble & truly p5it5t1 f ! fe> ( et]nal dea?1 b su* z !y f9d to p]si/ 9 _! s9s1 ^! are b\nd d[n unto nev]-end+ torm5ts0--,9 ,mat?4 ,codex ,vatican41 fol4 #adi1 b4 ,else:]e1 exp\nd+ ! hi/ory ( ! man :o 0 sick ) ! palsy1 he rem>ks3 8,! scribes say truly t none c =give s9s save ,god alone1 :o also x is t =gives ?r\gh ^? to :om he has giv5 ! p[] ( =giv+04 ,& aga91 8,/4 ,john tea*es u1 9 reg>d to ! remission ( s9s1 t our ,savi\r aft] ,8 resurrection promis$ to ,8 disciples t ^? %all be b\nd :om !y %all b9d1 & ^? %all be loos5$ :om !y %all loos50--,9 ,mat?4 ibid41 fol4 #ha1 & ,u%]1 loc4 cit41 pag4 #dh4 ,! old p5it5tial canons ( our ,*ur* w s]ve z a practical comm5t>y on ^! texts ( ,claudius4 ,?us1 9 ! synod held by our apo/le1 toge!r ) ,auxilius & ,is]nimus1 ab\t ! ye> #dej1 we f9d ! canon3 8,a ,*ri/ian :o has committ$ murd]1 or =nication1 or gone to a soo?say] aft] ! mann] ( ! g5tiles1 = e su* crime %all d a ye> ( p5ance3 :5 8 ye> ( p5ance is accompli%$ he %all come ) witnesses1 & aft]w>ds he %all be absolv$ by ! prie/047#af7 ,/4 ,f9nian too prescribes3 8,si quis rixam faciat de cl]icis aut m9i/ris ,dei1 hebdomadam di]um po5iteat cum pane et aqua et petat v5iam a ,deo suo et proximo suo1 pl5a confessione et humilitate et sic pote/ ,deo reconcili>i et proximo suo047#ag7 ,! synodical canons de ,arreis1 9 "o decree decl>e z ! sub/itute = ! p5ance ( a ye>3 8,tres dies cum mortuo sancta 9 sepul*ro1 s9e cibo et potu et s9e somno s$ cum ve/im5to circa se1 et cantatione psalmorum et oratione hor>um p] confessionem et votum sac]doti04 ,& 9 ano!r case !y enact a simil> p5ance3 8po/ confessionem peccatorum coram sac]dote et plebe po/ votum047#ah7 ,! p5it5tial ( ,/4 ,cummian comm&s him :o _h innoc5tly told an untru? 8to confess 8 fault to ! p]son :om he deceiv$ & to ! prie/047#ai7 ,aga91 y\?s be=e _! tw5tie? ye> committ+ c]ta9 s9s1 7 ord]$ = ! fir/ (f5ce 8hav+ confess$1 to d p5ance = tw5ty days be=e !y %\ld approa* ! holy ,communion047#bj7 ,/4 ,columbanus is ev5 m m9ute 9 treat+ ( ?is sacram5t4 ,?us1 9 canon ! f\rte5?1 he lays d[n ! p5ance = ! s9 ( adult]y1 & adds t ?is p5ance be+ p]=m$ by ! s9n] 8culpa illius p] sac]dotem ab/]gatur04 ,%\ld 8 s9 be a s9 ( desire1 8,confiteatur culpam suam sac]doti et ita quadrag9ta diebus 9 pane et aqua po5iteat047#ba7 ,special dilig5ce1 too1 0 to be obs]v$ :5 prep>+ to approa* ! ,holy ,eu*>i/1 & n only ! he9\s crimes1 b ev5 ! v5ial faults 7 to be confess$4 8,confessiones autem d>i dilig5tius praecipitur1 maxime de commotionibus animi1 antequam ad missam eatur1 ne =te quis acc$at indignus ad alt>e1 id e/ si cor mundum non habu]it047#bb7 ,9 ! anci5t collection ( canons made = ! use ( our ,iri% ,*ur* ab\t ! ye> #gjj1 !re is "o book 7! #dh?7 entitl$ de ,po5it5tia4 ,! ?irty-?ree *apt]s into :i* x is divid$ are = ! mo/ "p moral or discipl9>y3 z1 = in/ance1 ! tw5ty-fif? *apt]1 :i* enjo9s t all p5it5ts %\ld receive imposition ( h&s f ! prie/s dur+ ,l5t1 moreov]1 %\ld c>ry ! dead to ! place ( sepulture1 & !re int] !m1 &1 9 f9e1 %\ld pres5t !mselves kneel+ at all ! functions ( ! ,*ur* f ,ea/] to ,p5teco/4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 "s incid5tal passages :i* beautifully illu/rate ! idea ent]ta9$ by our fa!rs ( ! necessity & advantages ( sacram5tal confession4 ,?us 9 ! ?ird *apt] ! words ( ,/4 ,augu/9e are adopt$3 8,:y w ! s9n] seek to conceal :at he committ$ 9 ! pres5ce ( ,god8 ,:y w he blu% to confess ^? s9s ) :i* he did n blu% to /a9 8 own s\l8 ,!re=e1 let him defray by confession :at he has contract$ by s9n+2 let him by satisfaction wa% away ! /a9s :i* defile 8 s\l2 let him by vigilance supply = 8 =m] neglect2 let him = ! future be a foll[] ( ,*ri/ by virtu\s de$s1 z hi!rto he _h foll[$ ,satan by 8 s9s2 & he may re/ assur$ t ,god w n puni% him = ^? crimes :i* he has confess$04 ,subsequ5tly x adopts ! well-kn[n passage f ! ,homilies ( ,/4 ,gregory ! ,great3 8,z ! physician _c apply 8 rem$y unless he kn[s 9 :at ! malady ( 8 pati5t consi/s1 s _c s9s be heal$ )\t confession2 =1 ) our he>t we believe unto ju/ice1 b ) our lips confession is made unto salvation4 ,he :o conceals 8 s9s _c be direct$2 b he :o confesses !m & rel9qui%es !m all1 w obta9 m]cy0--,collect4 ,hib4 ,canonum1 xlviii4 #c4 ,9 ! o!r fragm5ts :i* are /ill pres]v$ ( our e>ly lit]ature1 we f9d _m passages connect$ ) ! same great sacram5t4 ,?us ,/4 ,mo*ta1 9 8 ,apologia1 among/ ! o!r articles ( fai?1 pr(esses3 8,po5it5tiam peccatorum pl5issima fide suscipimus ac veluti secundam gratiam suspicamur0 7see ,essays on ! ,e>ly ,iri% ,*ur*1 pag4 #cjb72 t is to say1 x is ! only plank t rema9s to him aft] %ipwreck4 ,among/ ! ,iri% ,,mss4 pres]v$ 9 ! public libr>y ( ,basle1 9 ,switz]l&1 !re is "o 7,ff4 iii4 #ae7 :i* pres5ts a curi\s =m ( pray] to be obs]v$ by our cl]gy :5 adm9i/]+ ! sacram5t ( p5ance4 ,we give x 9 full 9 its orig9al language2 ! read] w rem>k t x omits ! =m ( absolution1 = :i* x ref]s to ! sacram5t>y1 & ! words :i* we "h enclose )9 p>5!ses are writt5 z rubric 9 ! orig9al manuscript3 8,incipit ordo ad po5it5tiam d&am4 8,cr$is 9 ,patrem et ,filium et ,spiritum ,sanctum8 ,respondet3 ,cr$o4 8,cr$is1 quod i/ae tres p]sonae1 quo modo diximus1 ,pat] et ,filius et ,spiritus ,sanctus1 tres sunt1 et unus ,deus e/8 ,respondet3 ,cr$o4 8,cr$is1 quad 9 i/a ipsa c>ne 9 qua nunc es1 habes resurg]e 9 die judicii et recip]e sive bonum sive malum quod egi/i8 ,respondet3 ,cr$o4 8,vis dimitt]e illis quicumque 9 te peccav]9t1 ,dom9o dic5te1 si non remis]itis hom9ibus peccata eorum1 nec ,pat] ve/] coele/is dimittet vobis peccata ve/ra8 ,respondet3 ,dimitto4 87,et require dilig5t]2 si e/ ince/uosus1 si non vult ipsa ince/a dimitt]e1 non potes ei d>e po5it5tiam3 et si vult ipsa ince/a dimitt]e1 fac eum confit]i omnia peccata sua1 et ad ultimum diecre47 8,multa sunt peccata mea1 9 factis 9 v]bis et 9 cogitationibus04 7,tunc da illi po5it5tiam et dic i/as orationes sup] eum47 8,oremus4 ,praev5iat hunc famulum tuum ,n4 ,dom9e1 mis]icordia tua1 et omnes iniquitates ejus cel]i indulg5tia doleat4 ,p]1 etc4 8,oremus4 ,exaudi1 ,dom9e1 preces no/ras et confit5tium tibi p>ce peccatis ut quos consci5tiae reatus accusat1 indulg5tia tuae pietatis absolvat4 87,et caet]as1 si tempus habu]is sicut 9 sacram5t>io cont95tur4 ,si tibi non vacat1 i/ae sufficiant4 ,et si homo +5iosus e/1 da ei consilium ut v5iat tempore /atuto ad te aut ad alium sac]dotem 9 co5a ,dom9i et reconcilietur sicut 9 sacvam5t>io cont9etur4 ,quicquid man5s 9 corpore consecutus non fu]it hoc e/ reconciliatione1 exutus c>ne consequi non pot]it4 ,si v]o m9us intellig5s fu]it1 quidquid ipse non intelligit 9 uno /atu reconcili>e1 potes eum ita dic5do37 8,oremus4 ,prae/a1 quaesumus ,dom9e1 dignum po5it5tiae fructum huic famulo ut ecclesiae tuae sanctae a cujus integritate devi>at pecc&o1 admissorum v5iam consequ5do r$datur innoc5s4 ,p] ,dom9um4 87,si infirmus e/ homo1 /atim reconcili>e eum debes470 ,?us t]m9ates ?is curi\s fragm5t ( ! ritual obs]vances ( our e>ly ,*ur*4 ,ano!r ,iri% manuscript ( ! same libr>y 9 ,basle conta9s a long p5it5tial pray]1 ! language ( :i* has a /rik+ resemblance ) ! pray]s ( ,/4 ,colgu & ,ail]an1 already publi%$ 9 ! e>ly numb]s ( ! ,record4 ,x ?us beg9s3 8,de consci5tiae reatu ante ,alt>e1 8,dom9e ,deus omnipot5s1 ego humilit] te adoro1 8,tu es ,rex ,regum et ,dom9us ,dom9antium1 8,tu es arbit] omnis saeculi1 8,tu es r$emptor anim>um1 8,tu es lib]ator cr$5tium1 8,tu es spes laborantium1 8,tu es p>aclitus dol5tium1 8,tu es via errantium1 8,tu es magi/] g5tium1 8,tu es creator omnium1 8,tu es amator omnis boni1 8,tu es pr9ceps omnium virtutum1 8,tu es amator virg9um1 8,tu es fons sapi5tium1 8,tu es fides cr$5tium1 8,tu es lux lucis1 8,tu es fons sanctitatis1 8,tu es gloria ,dei ,patris 9 excelsis1 8,tu s$es ad dext]am ,dei ,patris1 8,9 alto ?rono regnans 9 saecula4 8,ego te peto ut des mihi remissionem omnium peccatorum meorum1 ,deus meus ,jesu ,*ri/e4 8,tu es qui nem9em vis p]ire s$ omnes vis salvos fi]i et ad agnitionem v]itatis v5ire4 8,tu es qui ore tuo sancto et ca/o dixi/i3 9 quacumque die conv]sus fu]it peccator1 vita vivet et non morietur4 8,ego rev]tor ad ,te4444 8,ideo confiteor tibi ,dom9e ,deus meus1 qui solus s9e peccato es3 et obsecro te1 ,jesu ,*ri/e1 ,deus mis]icordi>um p] passionem et p] effusionem sangu9is tui1 atque p] signum ligni salutif]i crucis tuae ut conc$as mihi remissionem omnium peccatorum meorum1 non secundum meum m]itum1 s$ secundum magnam mis]icordiam tuam04 ,! 8,rule = ! ,celi-,de01 compos$ by ,/4 ,maelruan ab\t ! ye> #ghj1 reckons 8! divulg+ ( confession1 s z to say1 ?is is :at ! man did01 z s he9\s a crime 8t x is n p5anc$ 9 ! l& ( ,er9n047#bc7 ,x also conta9s sev]al regulations connect$ ) ! sacram5t ( p5ance4 ,?us1 on ! eve ( ! *ief fe/ivals1 all fea/+ is prohibit$1 8because ( go+ "u ! h& to-morr[04 ,to :i* words ,dr4 ,reeves adds ! foll[+ note3 8,! prie/ raises 8 h& 9 ! absolution1 :5ce ! mod]n expression go+ "u ! h& ( ! prie/ d5otes go+ to confession0 7pag4 #bjb74 ,subsequ5tly ! ,rule enacts3 8,:5 !y d n g to h& 7i4e4 to confession7 on ,sunday1 !y g on ! ,?ursday aft]2 x w\ld be too long to wait till ! ,sunday foll[+ = ! p]son :o habitually goes to h& e ,sunday1 because ^! two days are always special ) !m at ,mass4 8,x is n necess>y to delay m9ute confessions ( ?\ghts & idle notions1 & abuse & ang]1 till ,sunday1 b to confess !m imm$iately z !y occur4 8,he :o makes 8 confession to a s\l-fri5d1 if he p]=ms ! p5ance accord+ to 8 directions1 ne$ n confess !m to ano!r s\l-fri5d1 b only :at has subsequ5tly occurr$4 ,frequ5t confession is n pr(itable :5 ! transgressions are frequ5t too04 ,"s in/ructions are also giv5 = ! guidance ( ! confessor3 8,difficult1 inde$1 is ! duty ( ! s\l-fri5d1 because if he gives ! prop] rem$y1 x is (t5] violat$ ?an obs]v$2 b if ! s\l-fri5d does n give x1 its liability falls ^u himself2 because sev]al are satisfi$ ) mak+ ! confession )\t do+ ! p5ance2 b x is bett] to proclaim _! welf>e to !m1 ?\gh !y d n respond to ! p5ance enjo9$ by ! confessor4 ,ano!r s\l-fri5d may be gone to1 if necess>y1 aft] ! p]mission ( ! fir/ s\l-fri5d4 8,x is "r to refuse ! confession ( a p]son :o does n p]=m p5ance accord+ to ! s\l-fri5d1 unless !re happ5s to be a s\l-fri5d ne>1 :om he consid]s m le>n$ 9 rules1 9 ! ways ( ! ,scripture1 & 9 ! practices ( ! sa9ts4 ,let him he$ :at he receives f ! le>n$ s\l-fri5d :om he fir/ met1 to :omsoev] he may reveal 8 confession ea* "t1 & let p5ance be enjo9$ him accord+ to ! rules ( frequ5t confession04 ,9 f9e1 x is also decre$ t ! bi%op 8:o conf]s noble ord]s ^u any "o :o is n able to in/ruct 9 religion & read+1 & s\l-fri5d%ip1 & :o has n a k ( laws & rules1 & ( ! prop] rem$y = all s9s 9 g5]al1 is an enemy to ,god & man2 = t bi%op has (f]$ an insult to ,*ri/ & ,8 ,*ur*1 & h5ce %all d p5ance = six ye>s1 & he %all pay sev5 cumhals 9 gold z a p5alty to ,god47#bd70 ,! ,rule ( ,/4 ,c>?age 7:o 0 famili>ly call$ ,mo*uda7 has already be5 publi%$ 9 full 9 ! ,decemb] & ,janu>y numb]s ( ! ,record4 ,frequ5t m5tion is made 9 x ( ! holy sacram5t ( p5ance1 & z ,/4 ,c>?age di$ be=e ! ye> #fdj1 we are ?us enabl$ to trace back ! ,ca?olic t5ets ( our fa!rs ev5 to ! beg9n+ ( ! sev5? c5tury4 ,at page #aaf1 among ! duties ( a prie/ is commemorat$3 8,if y g to give communion ,at ! awful po9t ( dea?1 ,y mu/ receive confession ,)\t %ame1 )\t res]ve4 ,let him receive y\r sacram5t ,if 8 body bewails4 ,! p5it5ce is n wor?y ,:i* turns n f evil4444 ,if y be anybody's s\l-fri5d1 ,8 s\l ?\ %alt n sell2 ,?\ %alt n be a bl9d man lead+ ! bl9d2 ,?\ %alt n all[ him to fall into neglect2 ,let !m give !e _! confession ,c&idly & dev\tly04 ,:il/ confession 0 ?us enjo9$ on ! fai?ful1 x 0 n less necess>y = ! religi\s !mselves3 8,:5 y come unto ! mass-- ,x is a noble (fice-- ,let !re be p5it5ce ( he>t1 %$d+ ( te>s1 ,& ?r[+ up ( ! h&s1 444 ,) confession ( vices1 ,:5 y come to receive04 ,& aga91 :5 lay+ d[n special rules = monks1 ,/4 ,c>?age comm&s !m to ex]cise mode/y & meekness3 8,) inculcation ( e tru?2 ,) d5unciation ( e wick$ness2 ,) p]fect frequ5t confessions1 ,"u ! directions ( a holy abbot047#be7 ,! te/imony ( ^! religi\s rules is ( great importance3 !y n only convey to u ! tea*+ ( individuals rem>kable = _! piety & le>n+1 b !y moreov] record = our in/ruction ^? discipl9>y enactm5ts :i* receiv$ ! solemn sanction ( ! greate/ sa9ts ( our anci5t ,*ur*1 & :i* guid$ 9 ! pa?s ( p]fection ?\s&s ( our c\ntrym5 ^: virtues & miracles won = our isl& a wide-spread fame = sanctity ?r\gh\t ! six? & succe$+ c5turies4 ,we may n[ ref] to facts connect$ ) ^! sa9t$ fa!rs ( our ,*ur* :i* ?r[ mu* light on ! practice ( confession1 f ! e>lie/ p]iod ( fai? 9 our isl&4 ,?us1 ( ,/4 ,adamnan we read t1 be+ tr\bl$ ab\t "s s9 ( 8 e>ly y\? 8he resort$ to a prie/ f :om he hop$ to le>n ! way ( salvation1 & confess+ 8 fault pray$ = su* c\nsel z might enable him to flee f ! av5g+ ang] ( ,god047#bf7 ,9 ! life ( ,/4 ,columba1 too1 x is record$ t "o day an ,iri%man f ,connaught1 by "n ,ildran1 l&$ on ! bea* ( ,iona & proce$$ to ! gue/-h\se ( ! mona/]y4 ,on ! foll[+ morn+ he made kn[n to ! sa9t ! object ( 8 j\rney1 viz43 to d p5ance = 8 s9s1 & 8at ! same h\r he confess$ all 8 s9s & promis$ to fulfil ! laws ( p5ance047#bg7 ,on ano!r occasion ,/4 ,columba 0 visit$ by a p]son nam$ ,fia*na1 :o1 be+ t\*$ ) remorse = "s crime1 fell at ! sa9t's feet & 8confess$ 8 s9s be=e all t 7 !re pres5t01 :]eupon ! holy man weep+ embrac$ him1 & said1 8,arise1 my son1 & be com=t$2 ?y s9s are =giv5 !e1 =1 z x is writt51 ! contrite & humble he>t ,god do? n despise047#bh7 ,9 ! case ( a *iefta9 nam$ ,suibhne1 x is m5tion$ t1 ?\gh truly p5it5t1 he 0 ord]$ by ,/4 ,pul*]ius to confess 8 s9s47#bi7 ,we f9d also ,/4 ,maidoc ( ,f]ns e>ne/ly solicit+ to h a wise confessor div9ely de/9$ = 8 guidance4 ,/4 ,molua ( ,clonf]t-molua 0 ! p]son *os5 by him1 & h5ce1 among/ o!r titles giv5 to ?is la/-nam$ sa9t1 is 8,fa!r ( ! ,confession ( ,maidoc047#cj7 ,aga91 9 ! life ( ,/4 ,f9b> x is m5tion$ t a "y man f ,le9/] w5t to ,iona to be guid$ by ,columba3 be+ oblig$ soon aft] to return to 8 native c\ntry1 he ?us affectionately address$ ! holy abbot3 8,o sancte ,dei6 quomodo 9 patria mea vivam et tibi confite> peccata mea807#ca7 ,9 ! ,m>tyrology ( ,donegal1 ,/4 ,meallan ( ,lo* ,oirbs51 9 ,connaught1 is /yl$ ! ,anmeh>a ( ,/4 ,furse1 :o s9ce ! middle ( ! sev5? c5tury is v5]at$ z patron ( ,p]onne 9 ,france 7pag4 #dj1 ,i4,a4,s41 #ahfe74 ,9 ! ,felire ( ,a5ghus1 ,/4 ,donnan ( ,eigg is also said to h gone to ,/4 ,columcille 8to make him 8 s\l's fri5d0 7,reeves' ,columba1 p4 #cje74 ,?is title ( ,anm*>a is giv5 to ! div9e ,r$eem] himself by ,/4 ,ail]an1 9 ! beautiful pray] pr9t$ 9 ! ,record1 pag4 #fd1 &1 z we h already said1 0 ! "n giv5 by ! fai?ful 9 our e>ly ,*ur* to ^? :o 9 ! ,lat9 records are /yl$ ,confess>ii1 or ,patres ,confessionis4 ,! ,book ( ,f5agh 9 "o ( its mo/ anci5t records /ates1 t 8,columba plus v5it ad ,s4 ,kilianum et ei confessus e/ peccata sua0 7,i4,a4,s4 ,miscellany1 vol4 i41 pag4 #aah74 ,( ,/4 ,f9b>r x is also record$ t1 on ! dea? ( 8 spiritual director1 he w5t to ,/4 ,olan to make him patrem confessionis suae1 or at lea/ to be direct$ by him z to ! p]son :om he %\ld select2 & ! leg5d adds t ,/4 ,olan repli$3 8,*ri/ ,himself w be y\r confessor1 & ,he w receive y\r h&02 mean+1 probably1 t ! h\r ( 8 dea? 0 come1 = ! next fact m5tion$ 9 ,/4 ,f9b>r's life is 8 happy passage to et]nity 7,life ( ,/4 ,f9b>r1 edit$ by ,r4 ,caulfield4 ,london1 #ahfd1 pag4 #ba74 ,probus1 9 ! life ( our great ,apo/le 7*ap4 #bj71 m5tions t "o ( ! *ief petitions :i* he made to ,god1 dur+ ! "t ( 8 p5it5tial retirem5t on ,croaghpatrick1 03 8,ut unusquisque homo fidelis ,hib]norum p] po5it5tiam et confessionem ,deo satisfaci5s licet 9 extremo vitae suae spatio1 ab ipso elem5t] suscipiatur04 ,x 0 to become %>] ( ?is great privilege t ,/4 ,cormac1 ,bi%op & ,k+ ( ,ca%el1 bay+ =etold 8 dea?1 summon$ to him ,/4 ,macsua*1 ,abbot ( ,ca/l$]mot1 to :om he made 8 confession1 & receiv$ f 8 h&s ! holy sacram5t ( ! ,eu*>i/4 7,i4,a4,s4 #ahfj4 ,annals1 pag4 #bjc74 ,! confession ev5 ( v5ial faults 0 especially dwelt ^u by ,/4 ,molua4 ,"o ( 8 religi\s 0 neglig5t on ?is head1 & ,/4 ,molua took occasion to correct him by 8 own example4 ,z !y 7 j\rney+ toge!r on a c]ta9 day1 ,/4 ,molua said to him3 8,peccavi v]e hodie quia confessionem alicui s5iori non feci de 8 quae egi hodie3 me igitur hic su/9e modicum donec vadam illuc et confite>04 ,! religi\s 0 /ruck ) t]ror1 & ask$ 8w\ld x n suffice to confess ^! s9s to ,god alone80 b ! sa9t repli$ t unless we confess ev5 our v5ial transgressions1 we c only obta9 p>don = !m by sev]e p5it5tial de$s "h & h]eaft]1 & add$ ! well-kn[n illu/ration3 8,sicut pavim5tum domus scop quotidie t]gitur1 ita anima quotidian confessione04 ,! anci5t life concludes2 8,hoc audi5s mona*us a suo sancto ,abbate1 promisit confit]i sua (f5dicula2 et confitebatur fidelit]1 et sanatus e/ ille frat] a sua praet]ita audacia0 7,vita ex ,vet4 ,cod4 ,armac41 edit$ by ,flem+1 cap4 #cb47 ,!re is only "o docum5t to :i* ! enemies ( our holy fai? c appeal z evid5c+ a disreg>d = ! sacram5t ( p5ance 9 our e>ly ,*ur*3 x is a lett] ( ,alcu91 address$1 9 ! text ( ,canisius1 dilectissimis viris fratribus et patribus 9 prov9cia ,scotorum1 9 :i* he m5tions ! rum\r :i* _h rea*$ him1 t ! laity _h refus$ 8confessionem sac]dotibus d>e04 ,"h 7writes ,dean ,murray7 is a cle> rejection ( ,pop]y4 ,h[ev]1 antiqu>ians h long s9ce decid$ t ?is text has no ref]5ce to sacram5tal confession 7see ,lanigan1 iv4 #fg73 & z ! good ,prote/ant dean _h giv5 8 citation f ,u%]1 he %\ld h add$ t 9 ,u%]'s op9ion ! title ( ?is lett] ( ,alcu9 0 errone\s1 & t x 0 address$ to "s fai?ful q di/9ct f our old ,celtic =efa!rs4 ,?is op9ion no long] admits ( any d\bt4 ,canisius himself rem>k$ 8t 9 ! ,,ms4 f :i* he publi%$ ?is lett]1 x 0 address$ de dilectissimis1 etc4 9 prov9cia ,go?orum01 & he m]ely sub/itut$ ! ^w ,scotorum1 z a conjecture1 n kn[+ t !re 7 any p 9 ! days ( ,alcu9 :o /ill reta9$ ! "n ( ,go?ic4 ,lat] discov]ies1 h[ev]1 h prov$ t ! v prov9ce ( ,langu$oc1 9 :i* t]ritory ,alcu9 liv$ = a long "t1 0 designat$ by ?is "n4 ,! le>n$ ,qu]cetanus discov]$ a lett] ( ,alcu9 himself 7ep4 #ii71 address$ to ! fai?ful 89 div]sis ,go?iae p>tibus02 & ,baluzius1 9 8 ,miscellanea 7i4 #cgg71 publi%$ ano!r lett] ( ! same ,alcu91 8iis qui sunt 9 ,go?iae p>tibus04 ,! errors ( ,felix ,urgellitanus1 :i* are "h ref]r$ to1 fix m & m ! di/rict to :i* ?is lett] 0 address$2 = :il/ !y _h begun to creep 9 among/ ! fai?ful ( ,france1 !y 7 :olly unhe>d ( 9 ! ,isl& ( ,sa9ts4 ,,ri*>d ,,fitz-,,ralph1 ,,ar*bi%op ,,( ,,armagh4 8,_m a mile h ,i gone1 & _m did ,i walk1 ,b nev] saw a holi] man ?an ,ri*>d ( ,dundalk04 ,old ,c\plet47#cb7 ,i4 ,introduction4 ,9 all ! habits ( social life _m ( ! e>ly ,engli% settl]s 9 ,irel& soon became m ,iri% ?an ! ,iri% !mselves4 ,9 ! vigor\s t5acity ( _! atta*m5t to ! ,ca?olic religion "s ( ^! families h ev] rema9$ z ,iri% z ! ,iri% !mselves4 ,hav+ made our p _! p1 !y became %>]s 9 our grace ( fai?1 s z to keep ev] s9ce our ,god _! ,god4 ,to ! ,talbots & ! ,plunkets we owe two great ar*bi%ops1 ^: figures /& out prom95tly ev5 among ! illu/ri\s b& ( prelates :o f\ght ! good fight 9 ! days ( ! p]secutors4 ,& z our ,*ur* reckons ,anglo-,iri% bi%ops among h] m>tyrs1 s among h] doctors :o gu>d$ & enri*$ ! sacr$ deposit ( fai? we may c\nt ,anglo-,iri% prelates equally illu/ri\s3 & ( ^! ! subject ( ! pres5t notice (f]s a di/+ui%$ example4 ,a v>iety ( great qualities1 r>ely unit$ 9 "o individual1 gives a s+ul> attractiv5ess to ! hi/ory ( ,ri*>d ,fitz-,ralph1 ,ar*bi%op ( ,armagh4 ,extraord9>y hol9ess ( life--( :i* pro( rema9s n only 9 ! popul> c\plet at ! head ( ?is pap]1 & 9 ! appellation ( ,/4 ,ri*>d ( ,dundalk1 by :i* he 0 kn[n = c5turies1 b 9 ! /rong] evid5ce ( a ,pontifical commission issu$ by ,boniface ,,ix4 to exam9e into 8 miracles ) a view to 8 canonization2--r>e intellectual p[] exhibit$ 9 e bran* ( !ology--erudition bo? v>i\s & pr(\nd--eloqu5ce ( a high ord]1 to :i* 8 s]mons /ill extant be> te/imony2 all ^! are qualities :i*1 especially :5 ex]cis$ "u ! try+ vicissitudes ( a great controv]sy )9 ! ,*ur*1 c\ld n fail to con/itute a rem>kable c>e]4 ,( ?is c>e] we n[ propose to lay be=e our read]s an outl9e z p]fect z ! mat]ials )9 our rea* w all[ u to sket*4 ,we d s ) ! hope t o!rs1 9 :om bett] skill is back$ by ri*] mat]ials1 may be l$ to supplem5t f _! /ore our sl5d] contribution to ! hi/ory ( an illu/ri\s successor ( ,/4 ,patrick4 ,,ii4 ,! ,fitz-,ralph ,family3 ,ri*>d's ,p>5tage4 ,ralph1 f\nd] ( ! ,fitz-,ralph family1 held =ty-n9e lord%ips 9 ,engl& 9 ! reign ( ,william ! ,conqu]or4 ,f ?is /em v>i\s bran*es issu$1 & sev]al families ( ,fitz-,ralphs 7 to be f\nd 9 ! twelf? & ?irte5? c5turies4 ,to :i* ( ^! ,ri*>d belongs is a matt] ( unc]ta9ty4 ,pr9ce1 9 8 anxiety to enrol him among ! wor?ies ( ,devon%ire1 ref]s him to ! ,fitz-,ralphs ( ,widecomb 9 ! ,moor1 :o1 ab\t ! "t ( ,edw>d ,i41 *ang$ _! names & resid5ce1 h5ce=? call+ !mselves ,/ill+=d1 f _! new abode ne> ,exet]4 ,b ?is is m]e guess "w4 ,x is f> m probable1 9 our op9ion1 t he belong$ to ! ,d]by%ire ,fitz-,ralphs1 ( :i* family ! ,fre*evilles & ,mus>ds ( ,/aveley7#cc7 became 9 aft] times ! repres5tatives4 ,our reasons are ^!4 ,ralph 7,mus>d7 ,b>on ,/aveley1 a direct desc5dant ( ,ralph1 ! f\nd] ( ! family1 _h a daught] ,m>g>et1 :o1 on 8 dea?1 became co-heir ) h] bro!r ,ni*olas & h] si/] ,isabella4 ,m>g>et m>ri$ an ,iri%man1 nam$ 9 ! p$igree ,joannes de ,hib]nia1 & di$ 9 ! ye> #acjh4 ,?ree *ildr5 7 born ( ?is m>riage--,john de ,hib]nia1 ,ralph1 & ,alicia4 ,?us1 we actually h ! heir ( ! ,fitz-,ralphs born ( an ,iri% fa!r4 ,z 8 "m's heir ,john de ,hib]nia 0 own] ( ! ?ird "p ( ! manor ( ,/aveley1 & ?is prop]ty he gave & grant$ to ,ralph de ,fre*eville1 ,! evid5ce tak5 at an inquisition held at ,/aveley1 9 #acaf1 ass]ts t ! said ,john 8_h no o!r l&s 9 ,engl&04 ,?is w\ld lead u to conjecture t he _h l&s 9 ,irel&1 & aft] ?is "t ! p$igree no long] adds ! words de ,hib]nia to any ( ! ,fitz-,ralphs4 ,n[1 x is c]ta9 t ,ri*>d mu/ h be5 born ab\t ?is "t2 & al?\gh ! precise ye> ( 8 bir? is n kn[n1 ! date ( 8 promotion to ,armagh w\ld all[ him to h be5 ! son ( ?is ,john1 or ( 8 bro!r ,ralph4 ,b1 sett+ conjecture aside1 "o ?+ is prov$ beyond a d\bt1 viz41 t ab\t ! "t ( ,ri*>d's bir? ! ,fitz-,ralphs ( ,/aveley _h a close connection ) ,irel&4 ,,iii4 ,8 ,bir?place4 ,an almo/ univ]sal tradition fixes 8 bir?place at ,dundalk4 ,accord+ to ,wadd+1 ! tradition 01 t 8 p>5ts came to ,dundalk f ! well kn[n t]ritory 9 ! nor? ( ,irel&1 call$ ,ruta1 or ! ,r\te4 ,wood /ates t almo/ all writ]s--auctores p5e omnes--make him an ,iri%man4 ,?is tradition is also cle>ly express$ 9 ! appellation ( ,ri*>d ( ,dundalk1 by :i* he 0 univ]sally kn[n4 ,x 0 ! cu/om ( ! age to designate m5 by ! "n ( _! native place4 ,( ?is we h an excell5t example 9 ! "n ( ,john ,bacon?orpius1 or ( ,bacon?orpe1 :o1 z we %all see1 0 ,fitz-,ralph's pr(essor at ,ox=d4 ,cotton1 9 8 ,fa/i1 tells u t 8x has be5 cont5d$1 ) "s appe>ance ( tru?1 t ?is prelate 0 born 9 ,engl&04 ,he "h alludes to ! op9ion ma9ta9$ by ,rev4 ,john ,pr9ce17#cd7 :o consid]s x probable t our prelate 0 born 9 ,devon%ire1 add+1 8"s tell u1 t he 0 an ,iri%man1 & born 9 ! t[n ( ,dundalk 9 t k+dom1 & h5ce call$ by ! "n ( ,ri*>d ( ,dundalk4 ,:]eas1 x is possible he might be s d5om9at$1 n f 8 bir?1 b f 8 long resid5ce1 or 8 do+ "s em95t exploit !re1 or f "s o!r l occasion !re4 ,o!rs say he 0 an ,engli%man1 :i* is n improbable1 = ^! reasons3 t he _h 8 education at ,ox=d2 t he 0 *os5 commiss>y ( t univ]sity2 t he 0 made ar*deacon ( ,li*field2 & t he 0 enc\rag$ aga9/ ! fri>s by ,engli% bi%ops04 ,^! are ! only argum5ts alleg$ to prove t ,ar*bi%op ,fitz-,ralph 0 born 9 ,engl&4 ,!y are ( no weight :atev] :5 comp>$ ) ! mass ( te/imony on ! o!r side4 #a4--,! "n ( ,ri*>d ( ,dundalk c\ld n h aris5 f ! primate's long resid5ce 9 t t[n1 = he resid$ 9 8 diocese only = ab\t n9e ye>s1 & c]ta9ly did n sp5d all 8 "t 9 ,dundalk4 #b4--,nor is x told 9 hi/ory t he p]=m$ any em95t exploit "h4 #c4--;,x does n make aga9/ ! ,iri% orig9 ( ,ar*bi%op ,fitz-,ralph t he _h 8 education at ,ox=d4 ,x is well kn[n t at ! beg9n+ ( ! f\rte5? c5tury !re 7 v _m ,iri%m5 at ,ox=d4 ,bale gives ! names ( sev]al mo/ di/+ui%$ ,iri%m5 :o fl\ri%$ !re at t p]iod--9 #acaj1 ,mala*ias ,m9orita2 9 #acbj1 ,david ,o',buge ( ,kild>e2 9 #accj1 ,gilb]t ,urgalius1 :o1 consueto ,hib]norum hom9um m1 w5t to ,ox=d aft] complet+ 8 rudim5t>y /udies4 ,besides1 among ! nations ^: conte/s 9 ! ?irte5? & f\rte5? c5turies s (t5 made ,ox=d any?+ b a quiet abode ( le>n+1 ! ,iri% _h _! place & g5]ally w5t ) ! ,s\!rnm54 ,& ! ,ar*bi%op himself1 9 8 disc\rse at ,avignon1 relates h[ he _h s5t to ,ox=d f\r prie/s ( ! diocese ( ,armagh4 #d4--,t ! appo9tm5t ( ,ri*>d z *ancellor or vice-*ancellor ( ,ox=d does n necess>ily suppose him to h be5 an ,engli%man1 w appe> f :at we h to say f>!r on conc]n+ ?is (fice4 #e--,nor 0 x /range t an ,iri% ecclesia/ic %\ld hold b5efices 9 ,engl&4 ,clem5t ,,vi41 9 #acea1 grant$ to ,john de ,briane1 ,dean ( ,/4 ,patrick's at ,dubl91 :o held at ! same "t ! p>i% ( ,hatfield 9 ,l9coln1 p]mission to reta9 8 b5efices dur+ 8 five ye>s' c\rse at a ,univ]sity47#ce7 ,summ+ up ! evid5ce1 we h1 on ! "o h&1 ! almo/ univ]sal tradition t our prelate 0 born 9 ,dundalk2 we h an e/abli%$ connexion betwe5 ! ,d]by%ire ,fitz-,ralphs & ,irel& ab\t ! "t ( 8 bir?4 ,on ! o!r h&1 aga9/ 8 ,iri% orig91 we h no argum5t /rong] ?an m]e probabilities1 :i*1 :5 exam9$1 are f\nd to h no sub/ance4 ,we conclude1 !re=e1 t ,ri*>d ,fitz-,ralph 0 born 9 ,dundalk4 ,?is conclusion receives "s confirmation f a n>rative 9 ,fox17#cf7 :]e we are told t a copy ( ! entire ,bible1 translat$ into ,iri% by ,ar*bi%op ,fitz-,ralph1 0 f\nd1 _m ye>s aft] 8 dea?1 9 ! walls ( 8 ca!dral4 ,n[1 if ?is /ory be true1 & x is indirectly confirm$ by ,u%]1 x is pla9 t ! ,ar*bi%op mu/ h be5 born 9 ,irel&4 ,x is h>d to believe t n9e ye>s1 brok5 z !y 7 by prov9cial visitations & o!r lab\rs1 w\ld h be5 suffici5t to make an ,engli% prelate ma/] ( a language s difficult z ! ,iri%1 & t to ! degree ( p]fection requisite = a translation ( ! sacr$ text4 ,,iv4 ,8 ,/udies ,& ,univ]sity ,c>e]4 ,ri*>d ,fitz-,ralph w5t to ,ox=d1 & 0 ent]$ ( ,balliol ,college 7!n rec5tly f\nd$71 :]e he rema9$ until he _h tak5 8 degree ( ,ma/] ( ,arts4 ,! /atutes 9 =ce at t "t requir$ him to leave ,balliol4 ,z soon z he receiv$ 8 degree 9 ,arts1 he accord+ly pass$ to :at is n[ kn[n z ,univ]sity ,college1 b :i* aft] #accb 0 call$ ,magna ,aula ,univ]sitatis1 & :i* ow$ its orig9 to ! lib]ality ( ,william de ,durham1 :o dy+ 9 #abdi1 bequea!d a sum ( money = ! b5efit ( t5 or twelve poor ma/]s4 ,by a decision ( congregation 9 #abhj1 f\r ma/]s1 8:oev] might be consid]$ fitte/ = promotion 9 ,holy ,*ur*01 7 to be *os5 to enjoy ^! funds1 ea* ma/] be+ entitl$ to fifty %ill+s /]l+ ye>ly = 8 ma9t5ance4 ,! same docum5t enjo9s t ! abovem5tion$ ma/]s1 liv+ toge!r1 %all att5d lectures on !ology1 & %all be able1 at ! same "t1 to he> lectures on ! decrees & decretals4 ,z to _! way ( liv+ & le>n+1 !y %all behave z !y are direct$ by "s fit & exp]i5c$ m5 appo9t$ by ! ,*ancellor47#cg7 ,8 resid5ce at ,balliol gave him special opportunities to become pr(ici5t 9 arts4 ,! college _h be5 end[$ to enable sixte5 s*ol>s to /udy 9 arts1 ea* s*ol> receiv+ a ye>ly rev5ue ( tw5ty-sev5 m>ks4 ,8 resid5ce 9 ,univ]sity ,college enabl$ him to cultivate !ology4 ,?us all ! mat]ials ( k !n exi/+ 7 br\ght )9 8 rea*4 ,at t date ! c\rse ( /udies _h *ang$ a good deal f ! anci5t n>r[ limits ( ! ,trivium7#ch7 & ,quadrivium47#ci7 ,out ( ! logic ( ! ,trivium ! new philosophy 0 develop$1 & ! sci5ces ( ! ,quadrivium became m]e prep>atory /udies to ! ,facultas ,artium47#dj7 ,x is m5tion$ by ,tann] & o!rs1 t ,ri*>d ,fitz-,ralph att5d$ ! !ological lectures ( ! fam\s ,c>melite ,john ,bacon?orpe4 ,?is rem>kable man 0 "o ( ! mo/ illu/ri\s s*ol>s ( ! day1 & ex]cis$ a p[]ful influ5ce on ! m9d ( 8 pupil4 ,x has be5 obs]v$1 t :5 ! latt] _h become ,ar*bi%op ( ,armagh1 & _h ent]$ ^u 8 controv]sy ) ! fri>s1 he ev] %[$ a m>k$ affection = ! ,c>melites4 ,! e>ly half ( ! f\rte5? c5tury 0 a season ( mu* agitation 9 philosophical & !ological op9ions4 ,! anci5t /ruggle betwe5 ! ,nom9ali/s & ! ,reali/s ent]$ at ?is "t ^u a new phase4 ,! ,realism ( ,/4 ,?omas ( ,aqu9 0 oppos$ by ! ,nom9alism ( ,occam1 & ,fitz-,ralph f\nd ,ox=d /ill agitat$ by ! controv]sies t ma/] _h excit$4 ,! ,franciscans 7 g5]ally ,nom9ali/s2 ! secul> cl]gy1 z a body1 7 ,reali/s4 ,! entire univ]sity 0 divid$ into two opposite camps4 ,! 8,nor!rn m50 decl>$ = ,realism1 ! 8,s\!rn m50 = ,nom9alism47#da7 ,fitz-,ralph became a lead+ ,reali/1 & ! m>k$ div]g5ce betwe5 8 views & ^? ( ! ,franciscans 0 probably n )\t its influ5ce on ! controv]sy to :i* h]eaft] we %all h occasion to ref]4 ,h[ deep & h[ ext5sive 7 ! /udies ( ,fitz-,ralph %all be/ be le>n$ f ! li/ ( 8 works at ! conclusion ( ?is notice4 ,x w be en\gh = our pres5t purpose to /ate "h1 t 8 lab\rs cov] almo/ ! entire field ( ,ca?olic controv]sy ) ! ,greeks & ,arm5ians1 z well z 7by anticipation7 ) ! ,re=m]s4 ,a rem>kable elem5t 9 8 writ+s1 & "o ! pres5ce ( :i* reveals ! =m ( scepticism curr5t 9 8 age1 is ! contribution he has made to ! lit]ature ( ! ,*ri/ian ,demon/ration4 ,he def5ds ! ,*ri/ian religion aga9/ ! ,jews by contra/+ ! sacram5ts & c]emonies ( ! ,new ,law ) ^? ( ! ,jewi% disp5sation4 ,?is l9e ( def5ce 0 call$ = by ! alt]$ me?od ( attack :i* ! ,jews ab\t ! twelf? c5tury began to employ aga9/ ! ,*ur*4 ,9 ! e>ly ages ! controv]sy turn$ ^u ! "q :e!r our ,"l 0 ! ,messiah4 ,9 ! middle ages !y _h rec\rse to ! scriptural def5ce ( _! own position1 & calumni\s attacks on ,*ri/ianity4 ,x is n /range t he %\ld h combat$ ,mahometanism4 ,x %\ld be borne 9 m9d t ! age ( ,fr$]ic ,,ii4 _h witness$ ! bir? ( a /range admiration = ,mahometan lit]ature2 t ,pope ,gregory ,,ix4 _h f\ght aga9/ ?is novel dang]2 t aga9/ ! ,arabian ,av]roes & 8 philosophy ,/4 ,?omas ( ,aqu9 himself _h ent]$ ! li/s4 ,x is n surpris+ !re=e t ! ar*bi%op's zeal urg$ him to provide a rem$y = ! evil by prov+ t ! ,s>ac5ic law itself confirm$ ! au?ority ( ! books ( ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5t4 ,be=e #accc he proce$$ to 8 degree ( ,doctor ( ,!ology4 ,v4 ,8 ,pref]m5ts ,9 ,engl&4 ,w>e7#db7 decl>es t ,dr4 ,fitz-,ralph 0 made ,*ancellor ( ,ox=d ,univ]sity 9 #accc4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,wood ass]ts 9 8 hi/ory t no record ( ?is *ancellor%ip exi/s ei!r 9 ! ,univ]sity or ! ,episcopal ar*ives4 ,h[ev]1 ! same ,wood admits him to h be5 ,commiss>ius ( ! univ]sity 9 t ye>1 or1 z we may describe x1 vice-*ancellor4 ,is !re any way by :i* ^! diff]5t /atem5ts may be reconcil$8 ,x appe>s to u t an att5tive consid]ation ( ! v>i\s phases ?r\gh :i* ! (fice ( *ancellor ( ,ox=d has pass$ w supply a v probable solution ( ! difficulty4 ,fir/ ( all1 we mu/ be> 9 m9d t ,ox=d 0 n at t "t ! seat ( a bi%op1 b 0 includ$ )9 ! diocese ( ,l9coln4 ,next1 we %\ld consid] t ev5 dur+ ! c\rse ( ! f\rte5? c5tury ! *ancellor 0 an episcopal (fic]1 n an academical "o2 he repres5t$ ! ord9>y ( ! diocese1 & f him drew all 8 jurisdiction & au?ority4 ,z ! univ]sity grew 9 importance & ext5t1 ! position ( ! *ancellor1 z a p[] ext]n to ! univ]sity1 became unt5able1 & by degrees1 ! nom9ation to ! (fice pass$ f ! h&s ( ! bi%op to ^? ( ! academicians47#dc7 ,= a "t ! bi%op /ruggl$ to reta9 at lea/ ! "r ( confirm+ ! election1 b 9 ! c\rse ( ! f\rte5? c5tury ev5 ?is claim 0 ab&on$4 ,! p]iod #acjj-acej =ms1 !re=e1 a peculi> epo* 9 ! hi/ory ( ! ,ox=d *ancellors1 m>k+ z x does ! transition p]iod betwe5 ! *ancellors :o 7 episcopal (fic]s1 & ! *ancellors elect$ by & out ( ! univ]sity4 ,n[ ?is transition 0 n effect$ sudd5ly1 b almo/ by way ( compromise3 !re 0 no %>p sep>ation betwe5 ! two classes ( *ancellors2 ! "o gradually m]g$ into ! o!r4 ,we %\ld !re=e expect to f9d "s confusion 9 ! li/ ( *ancellors2 ! bi%op's *ancellor be+ consid]$ z ! legitimate *ancellor by ^? :o sid$ ) ! bi%op1 :]eas ! academicians w\ld naturally look up to _! own nom9ee4 ,n[ x is q c]ta9 t ,ri*>d ,fitz-,ralph1 ma/] ( !ology1 0 appo9t$ ,*ancellor ( ,l9coln on ! #f? ( ,july1 #accc1 = ! appo9tm5t is ent]$ "u t date on ! regi/] ( ,bi%op ,burgh]s4 ,we may conclude1 !re=e1 ei!r t z ,*ancellor ( ,l9coln he 0 ,*ancellor ( ! ,univ]sity1 z ! episcopal (fic]s be=e him _h be51 or t 8 appo9tm5t hav+ fall5 ^u a "t ( "s dispute ab\t ! nom9ation ( ! *ancellor1 he 0 /yl$ commiss>ius only1 or t ! /ory ( 8 ,ox=d *ancellor%ip took its rise f ! fact t he 0 *ancellor ( ! bi%op 9 ^: diocese ,ox=d 0 situat$4 ,accord+ to "s au?ors1 he 0 also ,ar*deacon ( ,*e/]4 ,b he 0 c]ta9ly ,dean ( ,li*field1 at lea/ f #accg1 & held ?is (fice until 8 appo9tm5t to ,armagh4 ,wood relates t %ortly be=e 8 own "t ! fir/ w9d[ on ! nor!rn side ( ! *oir ( ,li*field ca!dral conta9$ a picture ( ,ri*>d ,fitz-,ralph clo!d 9 8 sac]dotal ve/m5ts1 & above ! foll[+ inscription3 ,ri*>dus ,radulphi filius1 ,arma*anus1 ,hujus ,ecclesiae ,decanus4 7,,to ,,be ,,cont9u$47 ,,purgatory ,,( ,,/4 ,,patrick ,,9 ,,l\gh ,,d]g4 ,z at ?is season _m pi\s ,*ri/ians visit ! ,purgatory ( ,/4 ,patrick 9 ,l\gh ,d]g1 = ! p]=mance ( p5it5tial works1 we h be5 reque/$ to supply1 f au!ntic s\rces1 a hi/ory ( t pilgrimage4 ,9 compliance ) ?is reque/ we give ! foll[+ acc\nt ( x1 extract$ f ,dr4 ,moran's ,hi/ory ( ! ,ar*bi%ops ,( ,dubl91 :]e he treats ( ,dr4 ,flem+47#dd7 ,t ,ar*bi%op writ+ on ! #bj? ( ,augu/1 #afbe1 to ! ,int]nuncio 9 ,brusselles1 makes ! foll[+ /atem5t3 8,! pi\s & innum]able pilgrimages ( ! fai?ful ?is ye> are a pl$ge ( great f]v\r2 =1 l bees to ! beehive1 s d !y daily flock 9 su* numb]s f e corn] ( ! k+dom1 = p5it5tial purposes1 to a c]ta9 isl&1 :i* is call$ ! ,purgatory ( ,/4 ,patrick1 & :i* is situat$ 9 ! c5tre ( a lake1 t _m h be5 oblig$ to return )\t satisfy+ _! pi\s desire1 !re be+ no room = l&+ on ! isl&4 ,?is pilgrimage1 ?\gh1 ?r\gh ! bitt] p]secutions ( h]esy1 x has be5 almo/ ab&on$ = _m ye>s1 0 once s celebrat$ ?r\gh\t ! ,*ri/ian _w1 t _m f ! mo/ di/ant p>ts ev5 ( ! cont95t visit$ x 9 a _s ( devotion4 ,! mann] ( p]=m+ ! pilgrimage z x is n[ obs]v$ f anci5t tradition1 is z foll[s3--,ea* p]son1 f ! day he arrives 9 ! isl& till ! t5? foll[+ day1 nev] dep>ts f x4 ,all ?is "t is1 )\t int]mission1 devot$ to fa/+1 wat*+1 & pray]4 ,if !y wi% to give re/ to _! body !y mu/ sleep on ! b>e gr\nd1 & = ! mo/ "p "u ! broad canopy ( heav54 ,!y receive b "o refection1 & t consi/s ( bread & wat]4 ,x is incr$ible :at sev]e au/]ities & bodily mortifications females1 z well z m51 & p]sons ( e age & ( e condition1 endure1 :il/ !y p]=m ?is p5it5tial c\rse2 & dur+ tw5ty-f\r h\rs !y are %ut up 9 c]ta9 caves1 l unto prisons1 :]e !y pass ! :ole day & night entirely absorb$ 9 pray]1 & receiv+ no?+ to eat or to dr9k4 8,i h ?\ght x well to m5tion ?is fact1 =1 ,i am sure1 y\r excell5cy w be rejoic$ to see t ! natives ( ?is isl&1 by ?is s great & s unp>allel$ an impetus ( devotion1 seek to appease ! ang] ( ,god2 & we may confid5tly hope1 t by _! f]v\r ,he w be appeas$1 :o li/5s to ! pray]s ( ^? :o h rec\rse to ,him 9 _! afflictions40 ,! contempor>y1 ,mess+ham1 describes ! c\rse ( p5ance p]=m$ 9 ! isl& some:at m 9 detail ?an has be5 already giv5 9 ! lett] ( ,dr4 ,flem+4 8,dur+ ! n9e days ( ! pilgrimage01 he says1 8a rigor\s fa/ 0 obs]v$ on oat5 bread & ! wat] ( ! lake4 ,! pilgrim 0 fir/ conduct$ b>efoot$ to ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,patrick1 ar\nd :i* he mov$ on 8 knees sev5 times inside1 & sev5 times outside1 repeat+ all ! :ile /at$ pray]s ( ! ,*ur*4 ,he 0 !n conduct$ to ! sev5 places ( /ation1 kn[n z lecti pnosi1 :i* 7 =m]ly small *ur*es1 or sanctu>ies1 d$icat$ to v>i\s sa9ts2 & at ea* ( ^! he repeat$ ! visit z above4 ,! next /ation 0 ar\nd a cross 9 ! cemet]y1 & subsequ5tly at ano!r cross t 0 fix$ 9 a m\nd ( /ones4 ,!nce he proce$$1 ov] a r\gh & rocky pa?1 to a spot on ! bord] ( ! lake1 to :i* tradition po9t$ z ! place on :i* ,/4 ,patrick _h knelt 9 pray]4 ,"h1 also1 c]ta9 pray]s 7 appo9t$ to be recit$4 ,all ?is pilgrimage & pray] 0 repeat$ ?ree times ea* day--morn+1 noon1 & ev5+--dur+ ! fir/ sev5 days2 on ! eigh? day x 0 repeat$ six times2 confession & communion foll[$ on ! morn+ ( ! n9? day2 & !n ! pilgrims ent]$ ! cave1 :]e tw5ty-f\r h\rs 7 devot$ to fa/+ & m$itation4 ,any t *oose n to ent] ! cave1 pass$ ^! tw5ty-f\r h\rs 9 solitude at "o ( ! =m] /ations047#de7 ,! sev5 lecti pnosi 7 d$icat$ to ,,ss4 ,patrick1 ,brigid1 ,columba1 ,br5dan1 ,molaisre1 ,ca!r9e1 & ,dabeoc1 :o 0 ! patron ( ! place4 ,dur+ ,ca?olic times !re 0 an elegant *ur* 9 ! c5tre ( ! cemet]y1 &1 besides o!r relics1 x possess$ "s ( our glori\s apo/le4 ,?is *ur*1 ) ! sev5 cells1 or small] *ur*es1 0 /ill /&+ at ! "t ( ,pet] ,lomb>d1 :o adds1 t 8! ,engli% deputy did n d>e to prev5t ! pilgrimage or pr(ane ! place047#df7 ,he also describes ! cave z 8situat$ a few paces to ! nor? ( ! *ur*1 be+ a n>r[ build+1 ro($ ) /one1 :i* c\ld conta9 twelve1 or1 at mo/1 f\rte5 p]sons1 kneel+ two & two47#dg7 ,!re 0 "o small w9d[1 ne> :i* ^? 7 plac$ :o 7 b\nd to read ! brevi>y04 8,?is solit>y isl& 0 look$ on z a place :i* _h be5 *os5 by sa9t ,patrick = retreat & sil5t pray]1 & = ex]cis+ ^? de$s ( p5ance = :i* 8 :ole life 0 s rem>kable4 ,h5ce x d]iv$ its "n ( ,purgatory1 or place ( ,p5ance1 ( ,/4 ,patrick47#dh7 ,b :il/ x 0 ?us = ! inhabitants ( ,irel& a *os5 retreat ( pray] & p5ance1 its fame on ! cont95t assum$ ano!r =m4 ,) ! tr\bad\rs x became a fav\rite !me4 ,cald]on immortaliz$ x 9 ,spani%2 9 ,italy1 x attract$ ! att5tion ( ,dante & ,ario/o2 & _m popul> tales ab\t ,/4 ,patrick's ,purgatory are /ill extant 9 ,fr5* & ,portuguese4 ,x ?us became a matt] ( romance2 & poetical imag9ation conduct$ ! p5it5ts :o visit$ ! ,isl& ( ,l\gh ,d]g1 at fir/ to ! regions ( ,purgatory1 & subsequ5tly to ! abodes ( ! bless$ or ( ! damn$4 8,on ! dawn ( ! s-call$ ,re=mation1 ,prote/ant writ]s seiz$ on ^! poetic tales z if !y 7 matt]s ( sob] fact1 & avail$ !mselves ( ! fictions ( romance to ca/ ridicule on ! practices ( ,ca?olic piety & devotion4 ,= "s "t1 inde$1 !y did n d>e to (f] viol5ce to ! pilgrims1 :o ha/5$ ?i!r ) unabat$ f]v\r4 ,dur+ ! reign ( ,james ,i41 h[ev]1 ! *apels or oratories on ! isl& 7 demoli%$2 b ?is did n satisfy ! fury ) :i* ! enemies ( ! ,ca?olic fai? assail$ its sanctu>ies & %r9es4 ,enrag$ at ! numb]s :o1 despite _! ?reats1 cont9u$ to flock to ?is p5it5tial retreat1 ! lords ju/ices1 9 #afcb1 made a la/ ef=t to desecrate #8! holy isl&'4 ,aft] publicly ann\nc+ t1 9 ! op9ion ( ! ,papi/s1 !re 0 a passage f ?is isl& to ! o!r _w1 & an entrance to ! realms ( ,purgatory1 !y gave ord]s to h ! :ole isl& dug up1 & t especially no portion ( ! cave %\ld rema9 unde/roy$2 & ?us1 says ,dr4 ,mant1 0 made kn[n #8! imposition ( ! ,iri% cl]gy'4 ,b we %\ld mu* r say1 ?us did ! pr$ecessors ( ,dr4 ,mant reveal to ! _w ! bl9dness ( _! bigotry1 & af=d a new in/ance ( ! fr5etical fury1 by :i* alone !y 7 guid$1 9 upturn+ ! sanctu>ies ( ,ca?olic devotion4 ,borlase1 9 8 r$uction ( ,irel&17#di7 m5tions ?is sacrilegi\s act1 & adds1 t #8,/4 ,patrick's ,purgatory 0 discov]$ to be a m]e illusion1 a little cell hewn out ( a rock1 no conf9es ( ,purgatory or ,hell'47#ej7 ,boate1 too1 9 8 ,natural ,hi/ory 7p4 #dd71 gives "s fur!r p>ticul>s2 z he /ates t x 0 on ! #ac? ( ,septemb]1 #afcb1 t ! ord] ( ! lords ju/ices 0 c>ri$ into execution1 & t ! religi\s :o _h x 9 *>ge 7 driv5 f ! isl&1 _! mona/]ies be+ demoli%$1 & ! cell itself brok5 op52 #89 :i* /ate'1 he adds 7writ+ 9 #affj71 #8x ha? la9 ev] s9ce'4 8,9 ! ,anti/itis ,icon1 or ,sket* ( ! ,life ( ,dr4 ,kirwan1 bi%op ( ,killala1 writt5 by ,john ,lyn*2 ! le>n$ ar*deacon ( ,tuam1 & fir/ pr9t$ 9 #affi17ea7 we h a fai?ful description ( ! p5it5tial sev]ities ( ?is place ( pilgrimage1 & ( ! true motives :i* impell$ ! f]v5t fai?ful to flock ?i!r 9 su* numb]s3-- 8 #8,t he 7,dr4 ,kirwan7 might n be want+ 9 any species ( piety1 he rev]5c$ 9 8 s\l ! cu/om ( und]tak+ pilgrimages4 ,nor 0 he satisfi$ ) visit+ su* places 9 ,connaught z 7 consecrat$ by ! soj\rn ( ! sa9ts1 &1 above all1 ! rugg$ m\nta9 call$ ,cruagh ,padrick1 :i* he 0 wont to frequ5t1 (t5 asc5d+ its /eep sides1 a ?\s& paces 9 height1 & !re /ay+1 accord+ to usage1 on ! v summit1 :i* is cov]$ ) l>ge /ones1 & creep+ on b5d$ knees ov] ! r\gh rock fragm5ts1 :i* /ruck "o ) horror1 n to speak ( ! dang] ( yawn+ *asms & precipices2 b (t51 too1 did he g into ,ul/]1 to ! f>-fam$ ,purgatory ( ,/4 ,patrick1 9 :i* ! pilgrims are wont to ab/a9 f meat = n9e days1 us+ no food1 save a little bread1 & wat] f ! lake4 ,dur+ "o ( ! n9e days1 !y are %ut up 9 ! dismal d>kness ( a cav]n1 &1 !re9 fa/+1 p>take ( no?+ save a little wat]1 to moi/5 _! ?roats :5 p>*$ ) ?ir/4 ,at noontide & ev5+1 !y g on b5d$ knees ov] pa?s beat5 by ! feet ( sa9ts1 & /rewn ) %>p /ones4 ,9 o!r qu>t]s1 !y walk b>efoot$ ov] rugg$ ways1 9 ! old5 "t frequ5t$ by holy m51 to satisfy = _! transgressions4 ,sometimes walk+ & sometimes on _! knees1 !y advance to a consid]able di/ance into ! sea4 ,?us d !y sp5d ! day1 p\r+ out _! pray]s to ,god1 & li/5+ to holy disc\rses2 nor 9 ?is sacr$ place is !re to be se5 or he>d any?+ scurril\s or ludicr\s4 ,:5 night comes on1 !y lie d[n1 n to enjoy repose1 b to snat* a few mom5ts' sleep2 _! b$s are ( /raw1 nor d !y use any pill[ b _! g>m5ts4 ,?rice ea* day did ,francis1 ) ! o!r pilgrims1 punctually p]=m ^! duties1 &1 9 addition1 he dilig5tly appli$ himself to he>+ confessions & prea*+ s]mons'47#eb7 8,! nuncio ,r9ucc9i1 9 ! report ( 8 nunciatura1 made to ! ,holy ,see on 8 return to home 9 #afdi1 m5tions h[ anxi\sly he _h desir$ to snat* f ! h&s ( ! h]etics ! f>-fam$ ,purgatory ( ,/4 ,patrick2 & he adds3 #8,! devotions ( ?is deep cave are ( great antiquity1 ?\gh _! fir/ orig9 is unc]ta94 ,x is agre$1 t ! sa9t *ose t spot = 8 holy retreats2 & ! visions7#ec7 ) :i* he 0 !re fav\r$ by ,god1 7 well kn[n1 & approv$ ( by succe$+ g5]ations4 ,at pres5t1 ! fury ( ! ,calv9i/s has levell$ ev]y?+ ) ! gr\nd1 & fill$ up ! cave2 & z ?us !y de/roy$ e ve/ige ( ! spot1 s d !y seek to cancel e trace ( its memory4 ,x seem$ to me t my mission f ,rome %\ld embrace ?is1 too1 z "o ( its special objects1 & ,i w\ld h be51 9 "p1 cont5t1 c\ld ,i h re-plant$ ! cross on t isl&4 ,b ,i 0 n bless$ ) ! fulfilm5t ( ?is design'47#ed7 8,despite1 h[ev]1 all ! ef=ts ( ! ,puritans1 x cont9u$ to be a place ( resort = pilgrims f e qu>t] ( ,irel&2 s mu* s1 t 9 ! second ye> ( que5 ,anne1 ! p>liam5t once m enact$1 #8t1 :]eas ! sup]/itions ( pop]y are greatly increas$ & upheld by ! pret5d$ sanctity ( places1 especially ( a place call$ ,/4 ,patrick's ,purgatory 9 ! c\nty ( ,donegal1 & ( wells to :i* pilgrimages are made by va/ numb]s1 444 be x enact$1 t all su* meet+s be deem$ riots & unlawful assemblies1 & all %]iffs1 etc41 are h]eby requir$ to be dilig5t 9 execut+ ! laws aga9/ all (f5d]s'4 8,9 ! ye> #agad1 ,dr4 ,hugh ,m',mahon1 bi%op ( ,clogh]17#ee7 pres5t$ to ! ,sacr$ ,congregation a ,relation ( ! diocese entru/$ to 8 c>e1 & among/ o!r ?+s1 he details 8 own exp]i5ce ( ! place ( p5it5tial resort :i* we h be5 describ+4 ,he _h visit$ x disguis$ z a m]*ant f ,dubl92 =1 ev5 !n1 a bi%op incurr$ great risk 7 he publicly recogniz$2 & he describes 9 detail ea* p>ticul> ( its p5it5tial c\rse4 ,f 8 description we may conclude1 t "s *anges _h be5 introduc$ 9 its ritual s9ce ! "t :5 ,lomb>d & ,mess+ham p5n$ _! comm5t>ies4 ,we %all give ! extract 9 full 9 a note1 z x has nev] be=e be5 publi%$47#ef7 8,ab\t =ty ye>s lat]1 ! ,purgatory ( ,/4 ,patrick 0 visit$ by ano!r em95t prelate ( our ,iri% ,*ur*1 ,dr4 ,?omas ,de ,burgo1 :o1 9 8 ,hib]nia ,dom9icana1 has record$ 8 impressions on visit+ t f>-fam$ sanctu>y4 #8,s great'1 he says1 #8are ! p5it5tial de$s p]=m$ !re1 t !y exce$1 9 my op9ion1 ^? ( any o!r pilgrimage 9 ! univ]se'27#eg7 & he adds3 #8,non quae audivi1 s$ quae vidi ref]o2 mihi enim felicit] contigit1 insulam ipsam sanctissimi ,patritii habitatione et miraculis consecratam1 praecl>umque au/]itatis primorum ecclesiae saeculorum praeb5tem exempl>1 invis]e anno #agdh'4 8,z reg>ds ! relations ( ! ,holy ,see ) ?is place ( devotion1 we le>n f ! ,boll&i/s1 t1 9 #adig1 ! cave 0 de/roy$ by ord] f ,rome1 9 consequ5ce ( its be+ repres5t$ to ! ,pope z an occasion ( %ameful av>ice1 by a monk f ,holl&1 :o _h visit$ x1 attract$ by its wide-spread fame1 & yet saw !re none ( ! wond]ful visions :i* he _h he>d s (t5 describ$47#eh7 ,! ,ul/] ,annals also commemorate ?is de/ruction1 b /ate t x 0 occasion$ by its n be+ ! true cave hall[$ by ,/4 ,patrick47#ei7 ,! prop] lessons = ! fea/ ( ! ,purgatory ( ,/4 ,patrick 7 ins]t$ 9 ! ,roman ,brevi>y1 pr9t$ at ,v5ice 9 #aebb1 b 7 expung$ by ord] ( ! ,holy ,fa!r1 9 ! next edition1 by ! same pr9t]1 9 #aebd4 ,! nature ( ! devotion 0 subsequ5tly expla9$ to ! ,holy ,see2 & we are in=m$ by ,mess+ham1 t indulg5ces 7 atta*$ to its p5it5tial ex]cises be=e ! close ( ! sixte5? c5tury47#fj7 ,:5 ,dr4 ,m',mahon wrote 8 ,relatio1 ! t]m ( ! indulg5ces grant$ by pope ,clem5t ,x4 _h j expir$4 ,a little lat]1 ! c>d9al ar*bi%op ( ,b5ev5to1 :o 0 subsequ5tly rais$ to ! papal *air z ,b5$ict ,,xiii41 made ! ,purgatory ( ,/4 ,patrick ! !me ( "o ( 8 homilies to 8 flock2 & s9ce t "t ?is devotion has be5 ev] *]i%$ & enc\rag$ by ! sov]eign pontiffs4 8,9 ! ,annals ( ! ,f\r ,ma/]s1 & o!r anci5t records1 m5tion ( pilgrimages to ?is isl& seldom recurs4 ,x 0 a m]e matt] ( private devotion1 & did n precisely fall )9 ! prov9ce ( hi/ory4 ,9 ! sixte5? c5tury1 we le>n f ! ,boll&i/s1 t x 0 sometimes visit$ by #a1ejj p]sons at ! same "t47#fa7 ,dr4 ,flem+ tells u h[ su* numb]s flock$ to x 9 #afbe1 t _m _h to return )\t f9d+ room to l& ^u ! isl&4 ,nor s9ce !n has its celebrity decreas$2 & we f9d t1 be=e ! fam9e ye>s ( #ahdg1 ?is sanctu>y 0 annually visit$ by no few] ?an #aj1jjj pilgrims47#fb7 ,at ! pres5t day ! av]age numb] ( daily pilgrims1 dur+ ! /ation mon?s1 is v consid]able1 & ! total annual numb] is e/imat$ at sev]al ?\s&s4 8,besides ! _m acc\nts ( ?is ,purgatory1 publi%$ m z matt]s ( romance7#fc7 ?an hi/ory1 !re are sev]al valuable treatises :i* des]ve att5tion4 ,n only ,lomb>d & ,mess+ham1 9 ! works already allud$ to1 b ! ,boll&i/s 7#ag ,m>*72 ,dr4 ,lanigan 7vol4 iv4 p4 #bij1 seqq472 ,colgan1 9 8 ,trias ,?aumaturga 7p4 #bg72 & ,feijoo1 ! celebrat$ ,spani% critic1 9 8 ,!atro ,critico 7tom4 vii4 p4 #aeg71 give sev]al important facts1 toge!r ) _m judici\s rem>ks conc]n+ ?is v5]at$ sanctu>y ( ,l\gh ,d]g4 ,! valuable notes ( ,dr4 ,mat!w ,kelly to ! fir/ volume ( ,cambr5sis ,ev]sus 7pp4 #ach-aee71 ?r[ mu* light on ! subject4 ,see also1 a v r>e treatise1 entitl$1 ,a ,brief ,hi/ory ( ,/4 ,patrick's ,purgatory1 writt5 by ! ,rev4 ,cornelius ,n>y1 p>i% prie/ ( ,mi*an's1 & publi%$ 9 ,dubl9 9 #agah40 ,,liturgical ,,que/ions4 ,we purpose 9 ?is numb] ( ! ,record to answ] a few practical que/ions connect$ ) ! (fice ( ! dead1 :i* h be5 =w>d$ to u3 #a4 ,is x prop] = ! presid5t ( ! *oir to we> ! alb & c9cture dur+ ! recitation ( ! (fice ( ! dead--! mat9s & lauds8 #b4 ,%\ld he we> /ole & cope1 or ei!r8 #c4 ,is x correct to say ! ,requiem aet]nam aft] ! pray] at lauds :5 ! ,mass foll[s8 #d4 is x prop] = ! prie/ :o presides 9 ! *oir to p]=m ! absolution aft] ,mass8 #a4 ,x is n prop] = ! presid5t ( ! *oir to we> ! alb & c9cture at mat9s & lauds4 ,!re is a decree ( ! ,sacr$ ,congregation ( ,rites :i* appe>s to be> on ?is subject4 ,! "q propos$ 03 8,dubium ,,lxi4 ,juxta ,rituale1 dum 9 (ficio dicuntur laudes3 sac]dos cum m9i/ris p>atur ad celebr&am missam solemnem pro defuncto4 ,ex9de autem oriuntur dubia de modo conclud5di laudes3 nempe #ao ,ubi sunt duo vel plures ,presbyt]i1 alius debetne conclud]e ,laudes dum celebrans qui (ficium in*oavit p>atur 9 sacri/ia8 #b4 ,ubi unicus e/ ,presbyt] debetne i/e rel9qu]e (ficium ,laudum s9e ,praeside et adire sacri/iam ut p>etur ad missam et de9de opportuno tempore r$ire 9 ,*orum1 vel ante ,alt>e1 alba1 c+ulo1 et /ola indutus ut concludat ,laudes8 8,ad ,,lxi4 ,affirmative ad primam p>tem4 ,quoad secundam debet conclud]e laudes et po/ea sacri/iam pet]e ut sese ve/iat pro ,missae celebratione4 ,die #ab ,augu/i1 #ahfd04 ,x is evid5t f ?is decree t ! ve/m5ts are n to be worn at ! (fice ( ! dead1 = !y are n all[$ ev5 9 a case :i* w\ld appe> "o ( necessity1 viz43 :5 !re is only "o prie/ pres5t1 & :5 "s delay mu/ necess>ily occur betwe5 ! (fice & ! mass1 if ! celebrant mu/ wait to say ! pray] at ! end ( ,lauds be=e he puts on ! ve/m5ts4 ,if 9 su* an extreme case1 :5 !re arises "s delay betwe5 ! (fice & mass1 :i* is mo/ objectionable & always to be avoid$ 9 c]emonies1 ! alb & c9cture _c be worn1 !y _c surely be us$ on ord9>y occasions :5 su* necessity does n exi/4 #b4 ,) reg>d to ! second "q1 ! ,roman ,ritual does n prescribe ev5 ! use ( a /ole or ( a cope1 z f> z we are aw>e1 & we ?9k t ! practice ( n we>+ "o or ! o!r at ! (fice is ! mo/ correct & to be recomm5d$1 ?\gh we are well aw>e t ! contr>y practice is adopt$ by _m4 ,! ,roman ,ritual1 treat+ ( ! procession 9 :i* ! rema9s are c>ri$ to ! *ur*1 has ! foll[+ words3 8,p>o*us indutus sup]pelliceo et /ola nigra vel pluvali ejusdem coloris1 cl]ico praef]5te crucem et alio aquam b5$ictam ad domum defuncti una cum aliis proc$it04 ,b ^! words d n apply to ! (fice4 ,! ,ca]emoniale ,episcoporum1 treat+ ( ! c]emony on ,all ,s\ls' ,day1 does make m5tion ( ! /ole & cope 7book ii41 *ap4 #aj1 n4 #aj73 8,haec ut dixi s]vantur si ipse episcopus sit 9 8 vesp]is aut matut9is (ficium facturus2 s9 m9us posset man]e cum cappa 9 *oro 9 loco suo et ,canonicus hebdomad>ius p>atus pluviali nigro supra ,roc*etum vel cottam aut saltem /ola nigra fac]et aut dic]et omnia pra$icta04 ,! words ( ! ,ca]emoniale gave rise to ! foll[+ "q propos$ to ! ,sacr$ ,congregation ( ,rites3 8,an 9 (ficio defunctorum celebrans inducre debeat /olam vel saltem possit1 uti erui posse videtur ex ,ca]emoniali lib #bo4 cap4 #aj4 8,resp4 ,negative extra casum 9 ca]emoniali contemplatum4 #g ,septembris1 #ahej04 ,!re is ano!r decree ( ! ,sacr$ ,congregation ( ,rites ref]r+ to ?is matt]3-- 8,dubium ,,lviii4 ,an sac]dos qui juxta ,rituale1 sup]pelliceo et /ola indutus praefuit clationi corporis debeat ret9]e /olam dum praee/ matut9o et ,laudibus quae imm$iate sequuntur8 ,saltem si 9 hac ,functione utatur ,pluviali1 quum 9 eo casu non possit depon]e /olam qu9 p] aliquantis ,pluviale exuat8 8,ad ,,lviii4 ,9 utroque casu lic]e4 ,die #ab ,augu/i1 #ahfd04 ,we may obs]ve t a direct answ] is n giv5 to ! "q1 :i* 0 propos$ ) ! view ( asc]ta9+ :at %\ld be done 9 two special cases1 & ! only answ] giv5 0 89 utroque casu lic]e04 ,h5ce a prie/ might we> ! /ole & cope1 b %\ld he n d s1 he w\ld n foll[ a c\rse at v>iance ) ?is decree4 ,no d\bt1 9 "s rubrical works1 express m5tion is made ( ! /ole & cope1 & /ill m frequ5tly ( "o or ! o!r2 b ! ,roman ,ritual1 z we said1 does n prescribe ei!r at ! (fice ( ! dead1 & :5 _! use is po9t$ out1 x g5]ally ref]s to ! ca!dral *ur*es1 :]e ! c]emonies are c>ri$ out ) great] pomp & solemnity1 ?an 9 ^? rural *ur*es to :i* our correspond5t ref]s4 ,we may also obs]ve t ! decree above quot$1 does n contemplate ! use ( ! /ole & cope ap>t f ! procession4 ,on ! :ole1 consid]+ ! circum/ances ( our *ur*es1 we w\ld 9 practice disp5se ) /ole & cope at ! (fice1 :ile we w\ld be sl[ to condemn ! use ( ! cope1 if su* a cu/om exi/$ 9 any *ur* t 9 o!r respects c>ri$ out ! c]emonies ( ! ,*ur* ) accuracy & decorum4 ,b we consid] t ! decree ( #g? ,septemb]1 #ahej1 above quot$1 cle>ly lays d[n t ! /ole ought n to be us$1 ?\gh we f9d x m frequ5tly us$ on su* occasions ?an ! cope1 on ! gr\nd1 p]haps1 t x is an emblem ( jurisdiction 9 ! p]son :o presides4 #c4 ,9 reply to ! ?ird "q1 we beg to say t ! ,mass %\ld comm5ce imm$iately at ! end ( ! lauds1 :i* t]m9ate ) ! pray]1 & aft] ! pray]1 ! ,requiem aet]nam1 etc41 & ,requiescant 9 pace %\ld n be said3 x is only :5 ! c]emony concludes t ^! are to be said4 8,9 f9e ,laudum dicta oratione1 non adduntur v]sus ,requiem aet]nam1 nec ,requiescant1 sive sequatur ,missa sive hac omissa /atim proc$atur ad absolutionem1 quia hi v]sus1 qui des]viunt 9 ultimum vale defunctis1 sunt 9 f9e precum res]v&i047#fd7 ,! pray] at ! end ( ,lauds on su* occasions %\ld be said cum conclusione brevi4 ,we give ! foll[+ extracts f ,cavali]i1 a di/+ui%$ rubrici/1 :o writes1 9 tom4 #c1 cap4 #b1 decr4 #af1 n4 #ac3-- 8,9 ,rituali oratio ponitur cum conclusione brevi1 s$ hoc ideo1 quia supponit1 quod non ibi t]m9etur (ficium1 s$ cont95ti filo p]gatur ad exequias3 qu>e ut ponatur concordia ,rituals int] et ,brevi>ium1 quod longiorem notat conclusionem1 conclud5di orationes haec erit regula2 quoties una tantum dicitur oratio1 et ibi t]m9atur (ficium1 conclusio sit integra2 brevis v]o qu&o sequantur exequiae1 seu absolutio ab tumulum1 sive haec fiant praes5te vel abs5te corpore sive diebus #c4 #g4 #cj41 anniv]s>io1 vel alio (ficio quolibet4 ,confirmatur ex ,rubricis ,brevi>ii ,romani trium ,ord9um ,s4 ,francisci1 quae approbatae fu]unt a ,pio ,,vi4 an4 #aghe4 ,9 die ,commemor4 omnium ,fidelium ,def4 additur haec annotatio3 ,conclusiones 7orationum 9 (ficio pro defunct47 longiores adhib5tur semp]1 qu&o unica dicitur oratio2 nisi /atim sequatur ,missa de ,requiem1 vel absolutio ad tumulum2 tunc enim dicitur conclusio brevis4 87#b7 ,cavali]i1 ib4 n4 #ad4 quia ,rituale1 t]m9ata oratione sub brevi conclusione1 non subdit v]siculos ,requiem aet]nam1 s$ /atim transit ad ,missam1 et quat5us haec non sit dic5da1 ad orationem ,non intres1 nec dubitamus1 quod pra$icti v]siculi tac]i debeant1 quoties po/ ,defunctorum (ficium sequitur ,missa de requiem1 aut absolutio ad tumulum4 ,tunc enim ex hujusmodi (ficiis fit unum veluti cont9uatum1 unde v]sus illi1 qui des]viunt ad d&um ultimum vale ,defunctis1 sunt 9 f9e precum res]v&i4 ,huic doctr9ae con=mis e/ praescriptio ,rubric>um 9 pra$icto ,brevi>io ,fr4 ,s4 ,francisci4 ,loco cit4 dicitur3 ,duo autem ,v]siculi 7,requiem aet]nam1 et ,requiescant7 po/ orationem omittuntur1 si /atim sequatur ,missa de ,requiem1 vel ,absolutio ad tumulum04 ,) reg>d to ! f\r? "q ! ,roman ritual is q cle>4 8,f9ita ,missa sac]dos deposita casula seu planeta et manipulo accipit pluviale nigri coloris04444 ,x is always laid d[n t ! celebrant ( ! ,mass1 unless ! bi%op be pres5t1 p]=ms ?is "p ( ! c]emony4 ,! ,ca]emoniale ,episcoporum1 cap4 #cg1 lib4 #bo1 has ! foll[+ words1 :i* we "h quote3-- 8,aliquo die non imp$ito infra octavam ,defunctorum arbitrio ,episcopi1 ,canonicus aliquis1 seu dignitas ,ecclesiae ,ca!dralis celebrabit ,missam pro animabus omnium ,episcoporum et ,ecclesiae ,ca!dralis ,canonicorum defunctorum cum p>am5tis nigris et ca]emoniis pr\t supra dictum e/1 cui ,missae ,episcopus praes5s erit cum cappa et 9 f9e si volu]it1 pot]it1 immo debebit deposita cappa et accepto pluviali absolv]e1 pr\t dicitur capite praec$5ti4 8,quod si ,episcopus hujusmodi ,missae praes5s non erit1 vel absolv]e nequiv]it1 celebrans f9ita ,missa1 acc$et ad cornu ,epi/olae alt>is1 ubi 9 plano1 deposita planeta et manipulo accipiet pluviale nigrum et /ans 9 dicto cornu ,epi/olae v]sus ad alt>e expectabit f9em responsorii04444 ,x is evid5t f all ?is :at answ] is to be giv5 to ! f\r? "q1 viz43 t 9 all cases ! celebrant1 & no o!r prie/1 %\ld give ! absolution :5 ! bi%op is n pres5t4 ,,notices ,,( ,,books4 ,adjam5ta ,oratoris ,sacri1 seu1 ,divisiones1 ,s5t5tiae1 et ,docum5ta de iis ,*ri/ianae vitae v]itatibus et (ficiis1 quae frequ5tius e sacro pulpito propon5da sunt1 collecta atque ord9e dige/a op]a ,francisci ,xav]ii ,s*\ppe1 ,s4,j4 ,brussels1 ,goem>e1 pp4 #edc4 #ahfe4 ,f ! mat]ials "h collect$ & prep>$ by ,fa!r ,s*\ppe1 ! prea*] may build 8 disc\rse ) ease & advantage4 ,& yet1 ?\gh ! mat]ials are plac$ ready to 8 h&1 ! "w w /ill be all 8 own4 ,! au?or does n und]take to sup]s$e lab\r1 b to light5 ! prea*]'s fatigue by l5d+ 8 fri5dly help4 ,he supplies matt] = ! disc\rse1 he ev5 traces ! outl9e ( its =m1 & !n leaves to ! prea*] himself ! task ( con/ruction4 ,9 ! op5+ pages he addresses himself to ! "q1 h[ is a prie/1 especially a "y prie/1 to r5d] himself a useful & ev5 a p]fect prea*] ( ! ,^w ( ,god8 ,9 answ] to ?is "q1 he t\*es 9 a ma/]ly way on ^! two po9ts1 #a4 ,:at is a prea*] ( ! ,gospel1 & :at is ! p]fection t belongs to him8 #b4 ,by :at process may a prea*] atta9 to ?is p]fection8 ,"p ( ?is process consi/s1 ( c\rse1 9 ! prep>ation ( ! s]mon1 & x is to facilitate ?is prep>ation t ! "w be=e u has be5 compil$4 ,! au?or r$uces to fifty heads ! entire cycle ( subjects suit$ = pa/oral exhortation1 embrac+ 9 ?is numb] :atev] c s]ve to br+ ! s9n] to ju/ification1 to guide him 9 ! pa? ( a ,*ri/ian life1 & to conduct him to ,heav54 ,he gives on ea* ( ^! fifty subjects a treatise :i* is a m>vel ( brevity & fulness4 ,s judici\s is ! arrangem5t ( ! texts be>+ on ! subject2 s cle> & full ! /atem5t ( ! case2 s simple ! division ( ! argum5ts1 t ea* ( ^! little treatises makes ! read] complete ma/] ( ! subject ( :i* x treats4 ,on ! m important subjects1 & on ^? :i* require m frequ5t h&l+1 ! au?or supplies _m & diff]5t divisions or outl9es ( s]mons1 ?us gu>d+ aga9/ ! monotony t arises :5 a subject is pres5t$ (t5 "u ! same =m4 ,"o o!r m]it we w\ld signalise 9 ?is "w4 ,x deals ) ! wants1 defects1 & vices ( ! m5 ( our own times4 ,! books ( s]mons :i* are to be f\nd on ! %elves ( ! cl]gy g5]ally belong to an ext9ct p]iod2 ! exhortations !y conta9 are col\r$ by circum/ances t h long ceas$ to exi/4 ,mod]n modes ( ?\ght1 mod]n mann]s1 mod]n lit]ature1 h giv5 rise to a peculi> class ( temptations & ( dang]s1 & z ^! diff] q f ^? ( a c5tury ago1 s also d !y dem& peculi> treatm5t & special rem$ies4 ,fa!r ,s*\ppe has n =gott5 ?is1 & takes c>e to grapple ) ! difficulties t beset ! ,*ri/ian life ( ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,two indexes close ! volume4 ,"o exhibits a g5]al synopsis ( ! cont5ts2 ! o!r ref]s to ! v>i\s passages :5ce mat]ials may be drawn = a s]mon appropriate to ! gospel ( ea* ,sunday & holiday 9 ! ye>4 ,bo? indexes enhance ! practical value ( ?is excell5t book1 :i* we d n hesitate to call a real boon = ! cl]gy4 ,! ,cromwellian ,settlem5t ( ,irel&4 ,by ,john ,p4 ,pr5d]ga/1 ,esq4 ,london3 ,longmans1 #ahfe4 ,?is is a valuable accession to ,iri% hi/ory4 ,x gives an acc\nt ( ! cruelties practis$ on our p 9 ! ,cromwellian ,confiscations4 ,x confirms1 f (ficial s\rces1 ! pa9ful details conta9$ 9 ,dr4 ,moran's lately publi%$ sket* ( ! p]secutions ( ! ,iri% ,ca?olics 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,! ,iri% l& "q _c be well und]/ood )\t ! aid ( ,mr4 ,pr5d]ga/'s excell5t book4 ,,footnotes #a ,milton's ,prose3 ,a ,lecture deliv]$ 9 ! ,museum ( ,iri% ,indu/ry1 ,/4 ,/eph5's ,gre51 by ! ,"r ,hon4 ,judge ,keogh3 ,! ,iri% ,times1 ,june #a1 #ahfe4 #b ,we pr9t ! words ( ! judge z we f9d !m1 ?\gh x seems irrev]5tial1 n to say worse1 to comp>e a regicide1 & a man :o d5i$ ! div9ity ( ,*ri/1 to ! apo/le ( ! nations4 ,?\gh ,milton 0 gift$ ) ! highe/ natural p[]s1 yet1 n hav+ ! qualities ( a true ,*ri/ian1 he 0 only l s\nd+ brass or a t9kl+ cymbal4 #c ,works ( ,samuel ,johnson3 ,dubl91 #agic1 vol4 v41 p4 #gb4 #d ,! ,works ( ,john ,milton4 ,london3 ,bick]s & ,bu%1 #ahfc3 vol4 iv4 pp4 #daa1 #dab4 #e ,x is entitl$ ,a ,treatise ( ,true ,religion1 ,h]esy1 ,s*ism1 ,tol]ation1 & ! be/ means to prev5t ! gr[? ( ,pop]y4 #f 8,z = tol]at+ ! ex]cise ( _! ! ,ca?olic religion1 ,i answ]1 t tol]ation is ei!r public or private2 & ! ex]cise ( _! religion1 z f> z x is idolatr\s1 c be tol]at$ nei!r way2 n publicly1 )\t griev\s & insuff]able sc&al giv5 to all consci5ti\s behold]s2 n privately1 )\t great (f5ce to ,god1 decl>$ aga9/ all k9d ( idolatry1 ?\gh secret0--,milton's ,works1 already quot$1 vol4 v4 p4 #dac4 #g ,see ,bayle2 ,dictionnaire ,hi/orique et ,critique3 art4 ,milton1 note o2 also ,johnson's ,works1 vol4 v4 pp4 #ie1 #if4 #h ,qu>t]ly ,review1 ,octob]1 #ahbe1 p4 #ddf4 #i ,milton's ,works1 ,bick]s & ,bu%2 vol4 iv4 p4 #dbh4 #aj ,see ! ,ed9burgh ,encyclopdia1 articles 8,cop]nicus01 & 8,gallileo04 #aa ,see ,! ,m>tyrs ( ,sci5ce1 by ,sir ,david ,brew/]2 or ! ,ed9burgh ,review1 ,july1 #ahdd1 p4 #agc4 #ab ,see ,m>tyrs ( ,sci5ce2 or ! ,ed9burgh ,review1 ,july1 #ahdd1 p4 #agd4 #ac ,x is s+ul> t ! suff]+s ( ,iri% ,ca?olics %\ld meet ) m sympa?y f an ,engli% ,prote/ant cl]gyman ?an f an ,iri% ,ca?olic lectur]4 ,! relations betwe5 our c\ntry & 8our glori\s deliv]]0 are ?us describ$ by ! ,rev4 ,sidney ,smi?3-- 8,! w> c>ri$ on 9 ,irel& aga9/ ,k+ ,william _c des]ve ! "n ( a rebellion3 x 0 a /ruggle = _! lawful pr9ce1 :om !y _h sworn to ma9ta91 & ^: zeal = ! ,ca?olic religion1 :atev] effect x might h produc$ 9 ,engl&1 c\ld n by !m be consid]$ z a crime4 ,?is w> 0 t]m9at$ by ! surr5d] ( ,lim]ick1 ^u conditions by :i* ! ,ca?olics hop$1 & v rationally hop$1 to secure to !mselves ! free enjoym5t ( _! religion 9 future1 & an exemption f all ^? civil p5alties & incapacities :i* ! reign+ cre$ is s fond ( heap+ ^u its subjugat$ rivals4 8,by ! v>i\s articles ( ?is treaty1 !y are to enjoy su* privileges 9 ! ex]cise ( _! religion z !y did enjoy 9 ! "t ( ,*>les ,,ii42 & ! k+ promises1 ^u ! meet+ ( p>liam5t1 #8to endeav\r to procure = !m su* fur!r security 9 t p>ticul> z may pres]ve !m f any di/urbance on acc\nt ( _! said religion'4 ,!y are to be re/or$ to _! e/ates1 privileges1 & immunities1 z !y enjoy$ !m 9 ! "t ( ,*>les ,,ii4 ,! g5tlem5 are to be all[$ to c>ry arms2 & no o!r oa? is to be t5d]$ to ! ,ca?olics :o submit to ,k+ ,william ?an ! oa? ( allegiance4 ,^! & o!r articles ,k+ ,william ratifies = himself1 8 heirs & successors1 z f> z 9 him lies1 & confirms ! same1 & e o!r clause & matt] !re9 conta9$4 8,^! articles 7 sign$ by ! ,engli% g5]al on ! #crd ( ,octob]1 #afia2 & diffus$ com=t1 confid5ce1 & tranquillity among ! ,ca?olics4 ,on ! #bbnd ( ,octob]1 ! ,engli% p>liam5t exclud$ ,ca?olics f ! ,iri% ,h\ses ( ,lords & ,commons1 by compell+ !m to take ! oa?s ( supremacy be=e admission4 8,9 #afie1 ! ,ca?olics 7 depriv$ ( all means ( educat+ _! *ildr51 at home or abroad1 & ( ! privilege ( be+ gu>dians to _! own or to o!r p]sons' *ildr54 ,!n all ! ,ca?olics 7 dis>m$1 & !n all ! prie/s bani%$4 ,aft] ?is 7probably by way ( joke7 an act 0 pass$ to confirm ! ,treaty ( ,lim]ick1--! great & glori\s ,k+ ,william totally =gett+ ! contract he _h ent]$ into1 ( recomm5d+ ! religi\s lib]ties ( ,ca?olics to ! att5tion ( ,p>liam5t0--,! ,works ( ! ,rev]5d ,sidney ,smi?4 ,london3 ,longman & ,co41 #ahed1 pp4 #bgb1 #bgc4 #ad ,! ,life ( ,milton4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,john ,mit=d3 prefix$ to 8 ,works4 ,london3 ,bick]s & ,bu%4 ,vol4 i4 p4 cxlvi4 #ae ,ib41 p4 cxliii4 #af ,ap4 ,u%]1 loc4 cit41 p4 #dg3 ,villaneuva ,synod4 ,s4 ,patricii1 p4 #c4 #ag ,po5it5tiale1 c4 #e4 #ah ,de ,arreis1 #c & #d4 #ai ,po5it5t41 v4 #ab4 #bj ,ibid41 ii4 #af4 #ba ,po5it5tiale1 c4 #ad & c4 #bc4 #bb ,po5it5tiale1 c4 #cj4 #bc ,curry ,,mss4 #fj2 & ,dr4 ,reeves on ,! ,culdees1 pag4 #bji4 #bd ,reeves1 loc4 cit41 pag4 #bjb1 seqq4 ,! cumhal 9 ! ,lat9 docum5ts is express$ by ancilla4 ,its lit]al mean+ is bondmaid1 ^: equival5t 0 reckon$ at ?ree c[s4 ,see ,o',donovan1 ,book ( ,rights1 page #aci4 #be ,page #agc4 #bf 8,acc$5s ad sac]dotem a quo sibi sp]abat it] salutis posse demon/r>i confessus e/ reatum suum01 etc4--,b$e1 ,h4 ,eccl41 iv4 #be4 #bg 8,eadem hora omnia confessus peccata leges po5it5tiae flexis g5ibus se impleturum promisit0--,vita ,s4 ,columb41 ii4 #ci1 edit4 ,i4,a4,s41 p4 #aeg4 #bh ,ibid41 p4 #ei4 ,see also lib4 i4 cap4 #ag1 p4 #df4 #bi ,vita ,s4 ,pul*]1 alias ,mo*oemogue1 :o liv$ 9 ! sev5? c5tury1 cap4 xix41 ap4 ,colgan1 p4 #eib3 8,vid5s eum vir ,dei visitatum v] po5it5tia1 ait ei3 confit]e peccata tua et e/o de caet]o fidelis 9 omnibus04 #cj ,see ,m>tyrol4 ( ,donegal1 p4 #baa1 & ,vita ,s4 ,maidoc1 cap4 xx41 & liv4 ap4 ,colgan1 p4 #bjh1 seqq4 ,/4 ,dub?a* ( ,armagh is also fam\s 9 our annals z be+ ! 8*ief confessor ( ,irel& & ,albany0 7,colgan1 ,tr4 ,?aum41 p4 #bih72 & ,/4 ,gormgal ( ,ardoilean is simil>ly eulogis$ by ! ,f\r ,ma/]s1 ad4 an4 #ajag4 ,conf4 ,colgan1 ,act4 ,,ss41 p4 #ada4 #ca ,vita1 cap4 #bb1 ,tr4 ,colgan1 p4 #cec2 ,reeves' ,columba1 p4 #bac1 note k4 #cb ,?is c\plet is quot$ by ,pr9ce 9 8 ,wor?ies ( ,devon f ,paul ,h>ris1 c4 #e1 p4 #hh1 :o ?us introduces x1 8( ^: 7,fitz-,ralph's7 sanctity ! common p ( ,irel& by anci5t tradition 7 wont to *aunt ?is di/i*04 ,9 ! loose pap]s prefix$ to ! ,m>tyrology ( ,donegal1 ! v]ses are quot$ f ,h5ry ,h>ris 9 ,apolu4 ,?is false ref]5ce has l$ ,dr4 ,todd into a slight mi/ake1 vide ,m>tyr4 ( ,donegal1 ,app4 to ,int4 p4 xlii4 #cc ,collectanea ,topographica et ,g5ealogica1 vol4 iv4 ,london1 #ahdg4 ,p$igree ( ! ,fre*evilles & ,mus>ds4 #cd ,danmonii ,ori5tales ,illu/res1 or ! ,wor?ies ( ,devon4 #ce ,!9]1 ,monum5ta1 p4 #bif-eid4 #cf ,m>tyrol4 ,angl41 tom4 i4 p4 #bif4 #cg ,hub]1 ,engli% ,univ]sities1 vol4 i41 p4 #dch1 ,newman's edition4 #ch ,gramm>1 logic1 & rhetoric4 #ci ,ari?metic1 geometry1 a/ronomy1 & music4 #dj ,hub]1 ,engli% ,univ]sities1 vol4 i4 p4 #ec4 #da ,hub]1 note xx4 p4 #djh1 vol4 i4 #db ,de ,presulibus ,hib41 pag4 #bj-ba4 #dc ,hub]1 vol4 i4 page #acb4 #dd ,= ?is reason we h enl>g$ ! pres5t numb] by a half-%eet4--,,edd4 ,i4 ,e4 ,r4 #de 8,mess+ham1 p4 #ie4 ,see also ,c>ve1 :o 9 8 ,lyra 7edition ( #afff71 p4 #aab1 gives a plate ( ! ,insula ,purgatorii ,s4 ,patricii2 & adds3--#8,c]tum e/ magnam olim hac 9 p59sula app>uisse devotionem 9 qua etiam v>ios viri sancti circulos seu cav]nas mac]iis introrsum circumdatas condid]unt2 atque 9 iisdem corpuscula sua jejuniis1 orationibus1 aliisque discipl9is assidue domantes1 auxiliumque div9ae gratiae s9e int]missione implorantes ac insup] ,deum pro communi ecclesiae bono1 cons]v&aque int] omnes ,*ri/ianos v]a concordia conv5i5t] deprecantes'40 #df 8,comm5t>41 p4 #bgg40 #dg 8,ro! apud ,mess+ham /ates1 t only n9e p]sons 7 usually admitt$ into ! cave40 #dh 8,x is matt] ( dispute among/ our hagiologi/s1 :e!r ! ,/4 ,patrick1 f ^: de$s ( p5ance ?is isl& acquir$ its fame1 0 our apo/le1 or ano!r subsequ5t sa9t ( ! same "n40 #di 8,! ,r$uction ( ,irel& to ! ,cr[n ( ,engl&1 ) ! ,gov]nors1 etc41 ,london1 #afge1 p4 #bjg40 #ej 8,_h he tak5 ! tr\ble to op5 ! writ+s ( ,pet] ,lomb>d or ,mess+ham1 he w\ld h se5 t ! limits ( ! cell 7 well kn[n1 & t ! conf9es ( ,purgatory or ,hell exi/$ only 9 ! di/emp]$ imag9ations ( ! p]secutors !mselves40 #ea 8,?is valuable "w has be5 republi%$1 accompani$ ) an elegant translation & notes1 by ,rev4 ,c4 ,p4 ,meehan 7,dubl91 #ahdh740 #eb 8,ibid41 #fa-fc40 #ec 8,! poetical descriptions ( #8! ,purgatory' ab\nd ) fanciful visions4 ,we %all give a real "o f a ,,mss4 ,relatio ( ! diocese ( ,wat]=d1 made by ,dr4 ,patrick ,com]=d1 on #af? ,oct1 #afcb3--#8;,9 dioecesi ,corcagi5si e/ quidam ,anglus qui 7ut a multis f]tur7 biduum vel triduum mortuns revixit1 et cum ante obitum esset ,calv9i/a1 /atim atque revixit abjuravit ,calv9ismum et publice soepius decl>avit se vidisse 9 inf]no ,lu!rum et ,calv9um et pro9de nem9em salv>i posse qui eorum dogmatibus adha]]et2 h9c excitati ,prote/antes eum iu c>c]em detrus]unt'40 #ed 8,nunziatura1 p4 #dad40 #ee 8,he 0 appo9t$ 9 #agjg1 bi%op ( ,clogh]1 &1 9 #agae1 0 translat$ to ,armagh4 ,! ,collections on ! ,*ur* ,hi/ory errone\sly m>k 8 appo9tm5t to ,clogh] 9 #agjh1 & 8 translation to ,armagh 9 #agji40 #ef 8 #8,9 sept5trionali plaga hujus dioecesis ,clogh]5sis1 situs e/ locus ille celeb]rimus vulgo dictus ,purgatorium ,s4 ,patricii 9 p>va insula circumdata lacu1 quo ab initio ,junii usque ad f9em ,augu/i confluunt ex omnibus regni p>tibus etiam remotissimis quotannis omnis aetatis et conditionis mill5i viri et muli]es ibique conficiunt nov5am semel 9 die solo pane av5aceo et aqua victitantes1 ac humi cubantes nudis p$ibus semp]1 et non r>o (f5diculo cru5tatis3 t] de die v>ias /ationes visitant p] asp]um it] acutis /ratum lapillis cujus magna p>s aquis ultra g5ua exc$5tibus obtegitur1 donec nona die1 pracmissa g5]ali confessione1 omnibus vitae noxis expiatis1 sacro pabulo refecti ante diluculum +r$iuntur subt]raneam foveam quae purgatorium dicitur1 ibique vig9ti quatuor horis cont9uis semp] vigiles et orantes s9e ullo cibi aut potus refrig]io p]sev]ant et recurr5te eadem hora egressi sequ5ti die se t] imm]gunt algidis aquis sicque p]ficitur p]egr9atio cui otiosi fabul>um fabricatores malta comm5ta addid]unt de spectris ac visionibus quae nusquam comp>5t nisi 9 vitiato c]ebro comm9isc5tium2 tribus m5sibus1 quibus durat haec p]egr9atio ab aurora ad m]idiem celebrantur missae1 excipiuntur confessiones1 fitque concio bis t]ve de die ad populum qui ub]rimis la*rymis1 gemitibus aliisque po5it5tiae signis cum clamore editis concionantem frequ5t] int]rumpit2 tantaque mis]icors ,dom9us asp]am hanc et plane au/]am p]egr9ationem int]ioris gratiae suavitate accumulat ut qui antea videbantur obdurati1 vitiorum sordibus imm]si ac]rimos compunctionis /imulos s5tiant1 nec cont5ti semel aut it]um acc$]e ad insulam1 rep]i 9 dioecesi qui quatuordecim vicibus p]egr9ationem p]fec]unt4 ,non leve huic devotorum f]vori addidit increm5tum a ,s,smo ,d4 ,n4 ,clem5te visitantibus concessa indulg5tia pl5>ia quae brevi expirabit et r5ovatione opus habet4 ,non absimile prodigio c5setur apud omnes quod p]egr9atio haec primo loco et nom9atim lege p>lam5t>ia sub gravissimus po5is prohibita1 nullam vel c]te r>am patiatur remoram a circumhabitantibus et alias supra modum malignis ,calv9i/is ,scotis4 ,et cum ipso acc$]em sub nom9e m]catoris ,dubl95sis 7nam sub hujusmodi negotiatoris aut artificis involucris lat]e necesse hab5t communit] ,praelati et non regi/rati sac]dotes71 m9i/ellus illius di/rictus satis humanit] me excepit4 ,dum alibi p] totem regnum +ru5te p]secutione cessant functiones ecclesia/icae 9 hac insula quasi 9 alio orbe posita1 lib]um fit et publicum ex]citium quad div9ae provid5tiae hunc locum speciali favore proteg5ti gratum ref]unt et m]itis ,s4 ,patricii4 ,cum ibi essem ha]eticus ,anglus fama loci et curiositate mov5te eo accessit qui exemplo po5it5tium compunctus ha]esim abjuravit4 ,praet] caet]os ecclesia/icos eo acc$5tes /r5uissimam navant op]am ,patres ,franciscani4 ,unum 9 haec p]egr9atione depreh5di usum1 ne dicam abusum2 nam nona die foveam +ressuri audiunt ,missam1 quae semp] e/ de ,requiem1 seu defunctorum applicata pro iisdem +r$i5tibus1 quasi jam mortuis mundo1 et trad5dis sepulturae2 quad cum vellem abrog>e saltem diebus ,dom9icis et fe/ivis praes]tim majoribus1 quibus dic5da e/ missa con=mis (ficio obt5ditur immemorabilis possessio et consuetudo 9 contr>ium1 ut =t traditio1 ab ipso ,s4 ,patricio primitus in/ituta quod a viris doctis et timoratis con/antissime ass]tum me p]plexum r$didit et propt]ea humillime rogo edoc]i ad ,em95tiis ,ve/ris quid desup] ag5dum c5seant4' 0 #eg 8,hib4 ,dom41 p4 #d1 n4 #f4 ,! same le>n$ writ] ju/ly rem>ks1 t x 0 f ! sev]ity ( its p5it5tial ex]cises t ?is isl& d]iv$ its "n3--#8,locus i/e lu5dis peccatorum po5is de/9atus purgatorium dicitur1 non quidem po/humum1 s$ vitale seu viatorium 9 praes5ti vita'40 #eh 8,boll&i/s1 ,m>* #ag1 p4 #eij40 #ei 8,f ?is1 we might1 p]haps1 conclude1 t ! cave ?us de/roy$ 0 n ! pres5t sanctu>y visit$ by pilgrims1 b 0 situat$ on "o ( ! o!r isl&s ( ,l\gh ,d]g4 ,9 ! ,ordnance ,map1 ! site ( "s su* des]t$ cave is m>k$ on ! adjo9+ isl&1 kn[n z ,sa9ts' ,isl&40 #fj 8,mess+ham1 ,florileg41 p4 #abe40 #fa 8,boll41 ,m>* #ag1 p4 #eij40 #fb 8,see notes to ,camb4 ,ev]s41 vol4 i4 p4 #adf40 #fc 8,among/ ^! we mu/ reckon ! n>rative ins]t$ 9 8 ,hi/4 ,ca?4 ,hib4 by ,o',sullevan ,be>e1 pp4 #ah-cj4 ,! ,"w on ,/4 ,patrick's ,purgatory1 publi%$ by ,mr4 ,wright 7,london1 #ahdd71 is a m]e display ( bl9d bigotry1 by :i* he seeks to id5tify ! tea*+ ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* ) ! romances ab\t ?is ,purgatory ( our sa9t40 #fd ,vide ,p4 ,j4 ,b4 ,de ,h]dt1 ,sacrae ,liturgiae ,praxis1 tom4 #c1 "p #f1 no4 #cb4 ,a v useful "w1 pr9t$ 9 ,l\va9 9 #ahee4