,illu/ration3 ,cov] art ,,! ,,conflict ,,( ,,religions ,,9 ,,! ,,e>ly ,,roman ,,empire ,,by ,t4 ,r4 ,,glov] ,,fell[ ,,& ,,classical ,,lectur] ,,( ,,/ ,,john',s ,,college1 ,,cambridge ,,hon4 ,,ll4,d41 ,,que5',s ,,univ]sity1 ,,canada ,,f\r? ,,edition ,,me?u5 ,,co4 ,,ltd4 #cf ,,essex ,,/reet ,w4,c4 ,,london ,fir/ ,publi%$ 4 4 ,m>* #ah?1 #aiji ,second ,edition 4 4 ,june #aiji ,?ird ,edition 4 4 ,augu/ #aiji ,f\r? ,edition 4 4 ,octob] #aiaj ,,by ,,! ,,same ,,au?or ,,life ,,& ,,lett]s ,,9 ,,! ,,f\r? ,,c5tury ,,/udies ,,9 ,,virgil v ,,preface ,a l>ge "p ( ?is book =m$ ! c\rse ( ,dale ,lectures deliv]$ 9 ,mansfield ,college1 ,ox=d1 9 ! ,spr+ ( #aijg4 ,= ! lecture-room ! *apt]s _h to be consid]ably abridg$2 !y are n[ re/or$ to _! full l5g?1 :ile revision & addition h fur!r *ang$ _! "*4 ,!y are publi%$ 9 accordance ) ! t]ms ( ! ,dale f\ndation4 ,to see ! ,f\nd] ( ! ,*ri/ian movem5t & "s ( 8 foll[]s z !y appe>$ among _! contempor>ies2 to repres5t ,*ri/ian & pagan ) equal goodwill & equal hone/y1 & 9 "o p]spective2 to recapture some?+ ( ! col\r & movem5t ( life1 us+ imag9ation to int]pret ! data1 & controll+ x by !m2 to foll[ ! conflict ( ideals1 n 9 ! ab/ract1 b z !y %[ !mselves 9 "* & p]sonality2 & 9 ?is way to discov] :]e lay ! liv+ =ce t *ang$ ! ?\ghts & lives ( m51 & :at x 02 ^! h be5 ! aims ( ! writ]1--impossible1 b wor? attempt+4 ,s f> z !y h be5 a*iev$1 ! book is relevant to ! read]4 ,! "w ( o!rs has made ! task light]4 ,g]man s*ol>s1 su* z ,b\sset1 von ,dobs*uetz1 ,h>nack1 ,pfleid]] & ,w]nle2 ,pr(essor ,f4 ,c4 ,burkitt & o!rs ne>] home :o h writt5 ( ! beg9n+s ( ,*ri/ianity2 ,boissi]1 ,m>?a & ,pr(essor ,samuel ,dill2 ,edw>d ,caird1 ,lecky1 & ,zell]2 ) ! au?ors ( monographs1 ,croiset1 de ,faye1 ,gre>d1 ,koziol1 ,oakesmi?1 ,volkmann2 ^! & o!rs h be5 laid "u contribution4 ,9 ano!r way ,dr ,wilhelm ,h]rmann1 ( ,m>burg1 & ,?omas ,c>lyle h help$ ! vi book4 ,! ref]5ces to anci5t au?orities are mo/ly ( ! writ]'s own ga!r+1 & !y h be5 v]ifi$4 ,la/ly1 !re are fri5ds to ?ank1 at ,cambridge & at ,woodbrooke1 = ! s]vices t only fri5ds c r5d]--sugge/ion1 criticism1 approval1 correction1 & all ! o!r k9dly =ms ( enc\ragem5t & enlight5m5t4 ,,/ ,,john',s ,,college1 ,,cambridge1 ,febru>y #aiji4 vii ,,cont5ts ,,*ap4 ,,page ,i4 ,,roman ,,religion 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #a ,,ii4 ,,! ,,/oics 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #cc ,,iii4 ,,plut>* 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #ge ,,iv4 ,,jesus ,,( ,,naz>e? 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #aac ,v4 ,,! ,,foll[]s ,,( ,,jesus 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #ada ,,vi4 ,,! ,,conflict ,,( ,,*ri/ian ,,& ,,jew 4 4 4 4 #afg ,,vii4 ,,gods ,,or ,,atoms8 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #aif ,,viii4 ,,celsus 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #bci ,,ix4 ,,clem5t ,,( ,,alex&ria 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #bfb ,x4 ,,t]tullian 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #cje ,,index 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #cdi #a ,,! ,,conflict ,,( ,,religions ,,9 ,,! ,,e>ly ,,roman ,,empire ,,*apt] ,i ,,roman ,,religion ,on ! ,ides ( ,m>* 9 ! ye> #dd ,b4,c4 ,julius ,caes> lay dead at ! foot ( ,pompey's /atue4 ,8 body _h tw5ty ?ree w\nds4 ,s f> ! conspirators _h done _! "w ?or\ghly1 & no f>!r4 ,!y _h made no prep>ation = ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,roman _w4 ,!y _h n realiz$ t !y 7 remov+ ! great organiz+ intellig5ce :i* /ood betwe5 ! _w & *aos1 & back into *aos ! _w swiftly roll$4 ,!y _h hat$ p]sonal gov]nm5t2 !y 7 to le>n t ! only alt]native 0 no gov]nm5t at all4 ,be y\r own ,s5ate y\rself#a wrote ,cic]o to ,plancus 9 despair4 ,!re 0 w>1 !re 7 faction fights1 massacres1 confiscations1 conscriptions4 ,! enemies ( ,rome came ov] h] bord]s1 & brig&age fl\ri%$ )9 !m4 ,at ! end ( 8 fir/ ,georgic ,virgil prays = ! triumph ( ! "o hope :i* ! _w saw--= ! pres]vation & ! rule ( ! "y ,caes>1 & he sums up 9 a few l9es ! horror f :i* mank9d seeks to be deliv]$4 ,"r & wrong are conf\nd$2 s _m w>s ! _w ov]1 s _m =ms ( wrong2 no wor?y hon\r is left to ! pl\gh2 ! husb&m5 are m>*$ away & ! fields gr[ dirty2 ! hook has its curve /raight5$ into ! sword-blade4 ,9 ! ,ea/1 ,euphrates is /irr+ up w>1 9 ! ,we/1 ,g]many3 nay1 close-neighb\r+ cities break _! mutual league & draw ! sword1 & ! w>-god's unnatural fury rages ov] ! :ole _w2 ev5 z :5 9 ! ,circus ! *>iots bur/ #b f _! floodgates1 !y da% into ! c\rse1 & pull+ desp]ately at ! re9s ! driv] lets ! horses drive him1 & ! c> is deaf to ! curb4#b ,virgil's hope t ,octavian might be sp>$ to give peace to ! _w 0 realiz$4 ,! =eign enemies 7 driv5 ov] _! fronti]s & ?or\ghly c[$2 brig&age 0 cru%$1 & f9ally1 ) ! fall ( ,antony & ,cleopatra1 ! gov]nm5t ( ! :ole _w 0 once m1 aft] ?irte5 ye>s ( suff]+1 disord] & dea?1 safely ga!r$ into ! h&s ( "o man4 ,!re 0 peace at la/ & ,rome _h leisure to ?9k out ! exp]i5ce ?r\gh :i* %e _h pass$4 ,! ?irte5 ye>s betwe5 ! murd] ( ,caes> & ! battle ( ,actium 7 only a "p ( t exp]i5ce2 = a c5tury !re _h be5 cont9u\s dis9tegration 9 ! ,/ate4 ,! empire _h be5 increas$1 b ! imp]ial p _h decl9$4 ,!re _h be5 civil w> 9 ,rome ov] & ov] aga9--murd] employ$ z a common res\rce ( politics1 reckless disreg>d ( ! sacr$ness ( life & prop]ty1 & ?or\gh c>elessness ( ! ,/ate4 ,! impression t ,engl& made ^u ,wordswor? 9 #ahjb 0 precisely t left ^u ! m9d ( ! s]i\s ,roman :5 he reflect$ ^u 8 c\ntry4 ,all 0 rap9e1 av>ice1 exp5se4 ,pla9 liv+ & high ?9k+ are no m3 ,! homely beauty ( ! good old cause ,is gone2 our peace1 our fe>ful innoc5ce1 ,& pure religion brea?+ h\sehold laws4 ,su* compla9ts1 real or conv5tional1 are famili> to ! read]s ( ! lit]ature ( ! la/ c5tury be=e ,*ri/4 ,ev]yone felt t a pr(\nd *ange _h come ov] ,rome4 ,attempts _h be5 made 9 v>i\s ways to rem$y ?is *ange2 laws _h be5 pass$2 citiz5s _h be5 bani%$ & murd]$2 armies _h be5 call$ 9 to re/ore anci5t pr9ciples2 & all _h result$ 9 failure4 ,f9ally a gleam ( re/oration 0 se5 :5 ,julius began to set ?+s 9 ord]1 :5 he correct$ ! ye> by ! ,sun & gave promise ( z true & deep-go+ a correction ( ev]y?+ else4 ,8 murd] put an end to all ?is at ! "t1 & x took ?irte5 ye>s to rega9 ! lo/ opportunity--& ! ye>s 7 n #c altoge!r loss = !y prov$ conclusively t !re 0 n[ no alt]native to ! rule ( ! ,pr9ce4 ,sid5ote3 ,! cause ( ,rome's decl9e ,accord+ly ! ,pr9ce set himself to discov] :at 0 to be done to heal ! hurt ( 8 p1 & to heal x ?or\ghly4 ,:at 0 ! real disease8 0 ! "q t m5 ask$2 :]e 0 ! root ( all ! evil8 :y 0 x t 9 old days m5 7 hone/1 gov]n$ !mselves firmly1 knew h[ to obey1 & s]v$ ! ,/ate8 ,a fam\s l9e ( ,ennius1 writt5 two c5turies be=e1 said t ! ,roman ,commonweal? /ood on anci5t "*1 & on m54-- ,moribus antiquis /at res ,romano1 virisque4 ,bo? ^! bases ( ! national life seem$ to be lo/--7 !y beyond recall8 c\ld !y be re/or$8 ,:at 0 x t _h made ! anci5t "*8 ,:at 0 ! ultimate diff]5ce betwe5 ! old ,roman & ! ,roman ( ! days ( ,antony & ,octavian8 ,ovid congratulat$ himself on ! p]fect congruity ( ! age & 8 p]sonal "*-- haec aetas moribus apta meis-- & he 0 q "r4 ,& precisely 9 ! measure t ,ovid 0 "r 9 f9d+ ! age & 8 "* 9 agreem5t1 ! age & national "* 7 demon/rably deg5]ate4 ,x 0 ! great "q be=e ! nation1 its /atesm51 patriots & poets1 to f9d :y two hundr$ ye>s _h wr\ght su* a *ange4 ,x 0 n long be=e an answ] 0 sugge/$4 ,a reason 0 f\nd1 :i* _h a hi/ory ( its own4 ,! decl9e _h be5 =ese54 ,we are =tunately 9 possession ( a =eca/ by a ,greek ?9k] ( ! second c5tury ,b4,c41 :o knew ,rome well--,polybius1 ! intimate ( ! y\ng] ,scipio4 ,9 ! c\rse ( 8 great summ>y ( ! ,rome he knew1 :5 he is expla9+ h] actual & future greatness to ! ,greek _w1 he says3--,! mo/ important diff]5ce = ! bett]1 :i* ! ,roman ,commonweal? appe>s to me to display1 is 9 _! religi\s beliefs1 = ,i conceive t :at 9 o!r nations is look$ ^u z a reproa*1 ,i mean a scrupul\s fe> ( ! gods1 is ! v ?+ :i* keeps ! ,roman ,commonweal? toge!r2 7syne*e9 ta rhomaion praumata74 ,to su* an extraord9>y height is ?is c>ri$ among !m 7ektetragoetai #d kai p>eisektai7 bo? 9 private & public bus9ess1 t no?+ c\ld exce$ x4 ,_m p might ?9k ?is unacc\ntable1 b 9 my op9ion _! object is to use x z a *eck ^u ! common p4 ,if x 7 possible to =m a /ate :olly ( philosoph]s1 su* a cu/om w\ld p]haps be unnecess>y4 ,b see+ t e multitude is fickle & full ( lawless desires1 unreason+ ang] & viol5t passion1 ! only res\rce is to keep !m 9 *eck by my/]i\s t]rors & sc5ic effects ( ?is sort 7tois adelois phobois kai te toiaute tragodia74 ,:]e=e1 to my m9d1 ! anci5ts 7 n act+ )\t purpose or at r&om1 :5 !y br\ght 9 among ! vulg> ^? op9ions ab\t ! gods & ! belief 9 ! puni%m5ts 9 ,hades3 mu* r d ,i ?9k t m5 n[adays are act+ ra%ly & fooli%ly 9 reject+ !m4 ,?is is ! reason :y1 ap>t f any?+ else1 ,greek /atesm51 if entru/$ ) a s+le tal5t1 ?\gh protect$ by t5 *eck+-cl]ks1 z _m seals & twice z _m witnesses1 yet _c be induc$ to keep fai?2 :]eas among ! ,romans1 9 _! magi/racies & embassies1 m5 h ! h&l+ ( a great am\nt ( money1 & yet f pure respect to _! oa? keep _! fai? intact4#c ,lat] on ,polybius limits 8 ass]tion ( ,roman hone/y to ! majority--! habits & pr9ciples ( ,rome 7 beg9n+ to be contam9at$4#d ,sid5ote3 ,! political value ( religion ,?is view ( ! value ( religion is an old "o among ! ,greeks4 ,critias1 ! fri5d ( ,socrates1 embodi$ x 9 v]ses1 :i* are pres]v$ = u by ,sextus ,empiricus4 ,9 summ>y he holds t !re 0 a "t :5 m5's life knew no ord]1 b at la/ laws 7 orda9$ to puni%2 & ! laws kept m5 f op5 misde$s1 b !y did _m ?+s 9 secret2 & !n1 ,i ?9k1 "s %rewd & wise man inv5t$ a t]ror = ! evil 9 case secretly !y %\ld d or say or ?9k aught4 ,s he introduc$ ! div9e1 alleg+ t !re is a div9ity 7daimon71 ble/ ) et]nal life1 :o ) 8 m9d sees & he>s1 ?9ks1 & m>ks ^! ?+s1 & be>s a div9e nature1 :o w he> all t is said among m5 & c see all t is done1 & ?\gh 9 sil5ce ?\ plan "s evil1 yet ?is %all n escape ! gods4 ,?is 0 a mo/ pleasant #e lesson :i* he introduc$1 ) a false reason cov]+ tru?2 & he said ! gods abode 9 t region :5ce ?und] & lightn+ & ra9 come1 & s he qu5*$ lawlessness ) laws4#e ,?is 0 a %all[ judgem5t ^u religion4 ,t x utt]ly aboli%$ religion altoge!r 0 ! criticism ( ,cic]o's ,academic4#f ,b mo/ ( ! contempor>y views ( ! orig9 ( religion 7 %all[4 ,euhem]ism ) its deifi$ m51 & inspiration ) its di/raught vot>ies 7 p]haps nobl]1 a little nobl]1 b 9 reality !re 0 little respect = religion among ! philosophic4 ,b ! practical p ( ! day accept$ ! view ( ,critias z wise en\gh4 ,! my?s t are told ( affairs 9 ,hades1 ?\gh pure inv5tion at bottom1 contribute to make m5 pi\s & upright1 wrote ! ,sicilian ,diodorus at ?is v "t4#g ,v>ro#h divid$ religion into ?ree v>ieties1 my?ical1 physical 7on :i* ! less said 9 public1 he own$1 ! bett]7 & civil1 & he pron\nc$ ! la/ ! be/ adapt$ = national purposes1 z x consi/$ 9 kn[+ :at gods /ate & citiz5 %\ld wor%ip & ) :at rites4 ,x is ! int]e/1 he said1 ( /ates to be deceiv$ 9 religion4 ,s ! great "q n>r[$ itself to ?is3--,0 x possible = ano!r %rewd & wise man to d aga9 = ,rome :at ! orig9al inv5tor ( religion _h done = mank9d8 once m to e/abli% effective gods to d ! "w ( police8 ,augu/us endeav\r$ to %[ t x 0 /ill possible4 ,on ! fam\s monum5t ( ,ancyra1 :i* pres]ves = u ! ,emp]or's (ficial autobiography1 he enum]ates ! temples he built--temples 9 hon\r ( ,apollo1 ( ,julius1 ( ,quir9us1 ( ,juppit] ,f]etrius1 ( ,jove ! ,?und]]1 ( ,m9]va1 ( ! ,que5 ,juno1 ( ,juppit] ,lib]alis1 ( ! ,l>es1 ( ! ,p5ates1 ( ,y\?1 ( ! ,great ,"m1 & ! %r9e kn[n z ! ,lup]cal2 he tells h[ he d$icat$ va/ sums f 8 spoils1 h[ he re/or$ to ! temples ( ,asia ! ornam5ts ( :i* !y _h be5 robb$1 & h[ he #f became ,pontifex ,maximus1 aft] pati5tly wait+ = ,lepidus to vacate ! (fice by a natural dea?4 ,8 biograph] ,suetonius tells ( 8 c>e = ! ,sibyll9e books1 ( 8 increas+ ! numb]s1 dignities & all[ances ( ! prie/s1 & 8 especial reg>d = ! ,ve/al ,virg9s1 ( 8 re/oration ( anci5t c]emonies1 ( 8 celebration ( fe/ivals & holy days1 & ( 8 discrim9ation among =eign religions1 8 reg>d = ! ,a!nian my/]ies & 8 contempt = ,egyptian ,apis4#i ,8 private feel+s & in/9cts _h a t+e ( sup]/ition4 ,he us$ a sealsk9 z a protection aga9/ ?und]2 he c>efully /udi$ 8 dreams1 0 mu* mov$ by port5ts1 & obs]v$ days4#aj ,sid5ote3 ,rome's debt to ! gods ,! mo/ la/+ monum5t 7a]e p]5nius7 ( ! re/oration ( religion by ,augu/us consi/s ( ! odes :i* ,horace wrote to =w>d ! plans ( ! ,emp]or4 ,!y 7 v diff]5t m51 b x is n unreasonable to hold t ,horace felt no less ?an ,augu/us t !re 0 some?+ wrong ) ! /ate4 ,8 p]sonal attitude to religion 0 8 own affair1 & to x we %all h to return1 b 9 grave & dignifi$ odes1 :i* he gave to ! _w1 he l5t himself to ! cause ( re=mation4 ,he deplor$ ! reckless luxury ( ! day ) mu* appe>ance ( e>ne/ness1 &1 ?\gh 9 8 publi%$ collections1 ^! poems ( lam5t are int]leav$ ) o!rs ^: burd5 is sp>ge rosas1 he 0 s]i\s 9 "s degree2 = 8 own ta/e1 at lea/ :5 he came )9 sight ( middle life1 0 all = mod]ation4 ,he spoke gravely ( ! effect ^u ! race ( its disreg>d ( all ! virtues necess>y = ! cont9uance ( a society4 ,l o!r poets ( ! day1 he f\nd ,utopias 9 di/ant ages & remote l&s4 ,8 idealiz$ picture ( ! bless$ness ( savage life is n unlike ,r\sseau's1 & 9 bo? cases ! inspiration 0 ! same--discont5t ) an environm5t complicat$1 extravagant & corrupt4 ,bett] ) nomad ,scy?ians roam1 ,^: travell+ c>t is all _! home1 ,or :]e ! rud] ,getae spread ,f /eppes unmeasur$ raise _! bread4 #g ,!re ) a s+le ye> cont5t ,! till] %ifts 8 t5em5t2 ,ano!r1 :5 t lab\r ends1 ,to ! self-same condition b5ds4 ,! simple /ep-dame !re w bless ,) c>e ! *ildr5 mo!rless3 ,no wife by weal? comm& procures1 ,none he$s ! sleek adult]]'s lures4#aa ,o!r poets also imag9$ ,gold5 ,ages ( quiet ease & idl5ess1 b ! conclusion :i* ,horace drew 0 m robu/4 ,he appeal$ to ! ,emp]or = laws1 & effective laws1 to correct ! unre9$ lic5se ( ! day1 & ?\gh 8 poem decl9es into declamation ( a v idle k9d ab\t useless gold1 z 8 poems are apt to decl9e on ! fir/ h9t ( rhetoric1 ! practical sugge/ion 0 n rhetorical--x 0 p]haps ! purpose ( ! piece4 ,9 ano!r fam\s poem1 ! la/ ( a sequ5ce ( six1 all d$icat$ to ! high] life ( ,rome & all rea*+ an elevation n (t5 atta9$ by 8 odes1 he po9ts m cle>ly to ! decl9e ( religion z ! cause ( ,rome's mis=tunes4#ab ,! idea t ,rome's ,empire 0 ! outcome ( h] piety 0 n fir/ /ruck out by ,horace4 ,cic]o uses x 9 "o ( 8 public spee*es ) effect & puts x into ! m\? ( 8 ,/oic 9 ! "w on ! ,nature ( ! ,gods4#ac ,lat] on1 "o aft] ano!r ( ! ,lat9 ,apologi/s = ,*ri/ianity1 f ,t]tullian#ad to ,prud5tius1 has to combat ! same idea4 ,x 0 evid5tly popul>1 & ! appeal to ! ru9$ %r9e & ! neglect$ image t\*$--or 0 suppos$ to t\*--! popul> imag9ation4 ,mank9d are apt to look twice at ! piety ( a rul]1 & ! old "q ( ,satan comes easily1 ,do? ,job s]ve ,god = naught8 ,:y does an ,emp]or wi% to be call$ ! elde/ son ( ! *ur*8 ,we may be fairly sure 9 ! case ( ,augu/us t1 if popul> s5tim5t _h be5 /rongly aga9/ #h ! re/oration ( religion1 he w\ld h said less ab\t x4 ,we h to g beh9d ! ,emp]or & ,horace to discov] h[ ! matt] really /ood betwe5 religion & ! ,roman p4 ,we may fir/ ( all rem>k t1 j z ! ,fr5* ,revolution 0 9 "s s5se ! p>5t ( ! ,romantic movem5t1 ! dis9tegration ( ! old ,roman life 0 accompani$ by ! rise ( antiqu>ianism4 ,cic]o's 0 ! la/ g5]ation t le>nt ! ,twelve ,tables by he>t at s*ool ut c>m5 necess>ium2 & ,v>ro1 ,cic]o's contempor>y1 0 ! fir/ & p]haps ! greate/ ( all ,roman antiqu>ies4 ,s at lea/ ,/ ,augu/9e held4 ,sixte5 ( 8 =ty-"o books ( ,antiquities ,v>ro gave to ! gods1 = he says he 0 afraid !y w\ld p]i%1 n by any ho/ile invasion1 b by ! neglect ( ! ,roman citiz5s1 & f ?is he says !y 7 rescu$ by himself1 z f a fall5 h\se1 & safely /or$ & pres]v$ 9 ! memory ( good m5 by books l 82 & t 8 c>e = ?is 0 ( m s]vice ?an t :i* ,metellus is said to h %[n 9 rescu+ ! sacr$ emblems ( ,ve/a f ! fire or ,a,eneas 9 sav+ ! p5ates f ! ,fall ( ,troy4#ae ,he rescu$ a good deal m ?an a lat] & m pi\s age 0 grateful =2 ,augu/9e f\nd him invaluable1 b ,s]vius1 ! great comm5tator on ,virgil1 call$ him ev]y:]e ! foe ( religion4#af ,! poets1 too1 felt to ! full ! *>m ( antiquity4 ,prop]tius#ag & ,ovid bo? und]took to write ( old5 days--( sacr$ ?+s 7root$ out ( anci5t annals#ah71 & ( ! names ( long ago4 ,virgil himself 0 look$ ^u z a great antiqu>y4 ,livy wrote ( ,rome's e>ly hi/ory & told h[ ,numa put ! fe> ( ! gods ^u 8 p z ! mo/ effective ?+ = an ignorant & r\gh multitude2#ai 8 hi/ory ab\nds 9 port5ts & om5s1 b he is n altoge!r a believ]4 ,z e>ly z a g5]ation be=e ,rome 0 burnt by ! ,gauls x 0 rem>k$1 he says1 t =eign religion _h invad$ ! city1 br\ght by prophets :o made money out ( ! sup]/itions !y r\s$ & ! ali5 & unusual means !y employ$ to procure ! peace ( ! gods4#bj #i ,sid5ote3 ,primitive ,roman ritual ,n[h]e p]haps is antiqu>ianism m fasc9at+ ?an 9 ! sph]e ( religion4 ,! ,lup]calia _h once a real mean+4 ,! sacrifice ( goats & "y dogs1 & ( sacr$ cakes t ! ,ve/als made ( ! fir/ e>s ( ! la/ ye>'s h>ve/2 ! ,lup]ci1 ) blood on _! br[s1 nak$ b = ! sk9s ( ! slaught]$ goats2 ! februa ( goatsk91 ! t\* ( :i* w\ld take /]ility f a woman--all ?is is intelligible to ! /ud5t ( primitive religion2 b :5 ,m>k ,antony1 ,consul ?\gh he 01 0 "o ( ! runn]s at ! ,lup]calia1 x 0 n 9 ! _s ( ! anci5t ,lat94 ,x 0 an antiqu>ian revival ( an old fe/ival ( ! c\ntryside1 :i* _h p]haps nev] di$ out4 ,at all ev5ts x 0 celebrat$ z late z ! fif? c5tury ,a4,d41 & x 0 only !n aboli%$ by ! sub/itution ( a ,*ri/ian fea/ by ,pope ,gelasius4#ba ,augu/us took pa9s to revive su* c]emonies4 ,suetonius m5tions ! augury ( safety1 ! flam9ate ( ,juppit]1 ! ,lup]cal rite1 & v>i\s sacr$ games4#bb ,v>ro 9 "o ( 8 books1 speaks ( ! ,arval ,bro!rs2 & ,ar*aeology & ! spade h recov]$ = u ! acta ( n9ety-six ( ! annual meet+s :i* ?is curi\s old college held at ! end ( ,may 9 ! grove ( ,dea ,dia4 ,x is significant t ! olde/ ( ^! acta ref] to ! meet+ 9 #ad ,a4,d41 ! ye> ( ,augu/us' dea?4 ,! hymn :i* !y sang runs z foll[s3-- ,enos ,lases iuvate ,neve lue rue ,m>m> s9s incurr]e 9 pleores ,satur fu f]e ,m>s lim5 sali /a b]b] ,semunis ,alt]nis advocapit conctos ,enos ,m>mor iuvato ,triumpe4 ,! fir/ five l9es 7 repeat$ ?rice1 & ,triumpe five times4#bc ,qu9tilian tells u t ! hymns ( ! ,salii 7 h>dly intelligible to ! prie/s !mselves1#bd yet !y f\nd admir]s :o amus$ ,horace ) _! zeal = m]e age & obscurity4#be #aj ,b an antiqu>ian int]e/ 9 ritual is n inconsi/5t ) indiff]5ce to religion4 ,v>ro1 z we h se51 0 criticiz$ z an actual enemy ( religion 9 spite ( ! s]vices he claim$ to h r5d]$ to ! gods--& ! v claim ju/ifies ! criticism4 ,s f> z ! lit]ature ( ! la/ c5tury ,b4,c4 & ! /ories curr5t ab\t ! lead+ m5 9 ,rome all[ u to judge1 x is h>d to suppose !re has ev] be5 an age less int]e/$ 9 religion4 ,cic]o1 = example1 wrote--or1 p]haps1 compil$--?ree books ,on ! ,nature ( ! ,gods4 ,he ca/s 8 matt] into ! =m ( a dialogue1 9 :i* 9 turn an ,epicurean & a ,/oic give _! gr\nds = reject+ & = accept+ ! gods1 & an ,academic po9ts out ! inadequacy ( ! reason+ 9 bo? cases4 ,he has also writt5 on ! immortality ( ! s\l4 ,b ,cic]o's correspond5ce is a m reliable index to 8 own beliefs & ^? ( ! society 9 :i* he mov$4 ,no society c\ld be m indiff]5t to :at we call ! religi\s life4 ,9 !ory & practice1 9 "* & in/9ct1 !y 7 ?or\ghly secul>4 ,"o s5t5ce w exhibit ,cic]o's own feel+4 ,he wrote to 8 wife f ,brundusium on #cj? ,april #eh ,b4,c41 :5 he 0 on 8 way to =eign exile3 ,if ^! mis]ies are to be p]man5t1 ,i only wi%1 my de>e/ 7mea vita71 to see y z soon z possible & to die 9 y\r arms1 s9ce nei!r gods1 :om y h wor%ipp$ ) su* pure devotion1 nor m51 :om ,i h always s]v$1 h made u any return4#bf ,ev5 :5 8 daught] ,tullia di$1 no sign ( any hope ( re-union escap$ him 9 8 lett]s1 nor did ,s]vius ,sulpicius1 :o wrote him a beautiful lett] ( consolation1 d m ?an m]ely h9t at su* a ?+4 ,if ! dead h consci\sness1 w\ld %e wi% y to be s ov]come ( sorr[8 ,horace1 ^: odes1 z we h se51 are n[ & !n consecrat$ to ! re/oration ( religion1 0 e :it z secul>-m9d$4 ,he laugh$ at sup]/ition & ridicul$ ! idea ( a div9e int]e/ 9 m51 :5 he express$ 8 own feel+4 ,no "o 0 ev] m ?or\ghly ,epicurean 9 ! true/ s5se ( ! ^w2 no "o ev] urg$ m pleasantly ! ,epicurean !ory ,c>pe diem2 no "o ev] _h m deeply +ra9$ 9 him ! belief ,mors ultima l9ea r]um e/4 ,8 c&\r1 8 hum\r1 8 fri5dl9ess1 comb9e to give him a v human *>m1 b 9 all t is associat$ ) ! #aa religi\s side ( man's ?\ght & exp]i5ce1 he is /]ile & insuffici5t4 ,& ,horace1 l ,cic]o1 repres5ts a gr\p4 ,fuscus ,ari/ius1 x is true1 decl9$ to rescue ! poet f ! bore on ! gr\nd t x 0 ! ?irtie? ,sabba?--& ,horace c\ld n wi% to (f5d ! ,jews8 b we realize t ?is scruple 0 dramatic4 ,fuscus is said to h be5 a writ] ( com$ies4#bg ,sid5ote3 ,! *ildhood ( a pagan ,b ! je/ ( ,fuscus 0 ! e>ne/ ( _m4 ,if m5 7 consci\s ( decay 9 ! sanction :i* religion _h once giv5 to morality1 !re 0 /ill a great deal ( vague religi\s feel+ among ! un$ucat$ & p>tially educat$ classes4 ,aga9 & aga9 we read compla9ts ( ! folly ( gr&mo!rs & nurses1 & x 0 f !m t ! fir/ impressions ( *ildhood came4 ,f\r c5turies lat] ?an ! p]iod n[ "u discussion x 0 /ill ! same4 ,:5 once va9 sup]/ition obsess$ ! hea!n he>ts ( our fa!rs1 un*eck$ 0 its c\rse ?r\gh a ?\s& g5]ations4 ,! t5d] hope ( ! h\se %udd]$1 & wor%ipp$ :atev] v5]able ?+ 8 ho>y gr&sires %[$ him4 ,infancy drank 9 error ) its "m's milk4 ,amid 8 cries ! sacr$ meal 0 put betwe5 ! baby's lips4 ,he saw ! wax dripp+ ^u ! /ones1 ! black ,l>es trickl+ ) ungu5t4 ,a little *ild he saw ! image ( ,=tune ) h] horn ( weal?1 & ! sacr$ /one t /ood by ! h\se1 & 8 "m pale at h] pray]s be=e x4 ,soon himself too1 rais$ high on 8 nurse's %\ld]s1 he press$ 8 lips to ! /one1 p\r$ =? 8 *ildi% pray]s1 & ask$ ri*es = himself f ! bl9d rock1 & 0 sure t1 :atev] "o wi%$1 t 0 :]e to ask4 ,nev] did he lift 8 eyes & 8 m9d to turn to ! citadel ( reason1 b he believ$1 & held to ! fooli% cu/om1 hon\r+ ) blood ( lambs ! gods ( 8 family4 ,& !n :5 he w5t =? f 8 home1 h[ he m>vell$ at ! public fe/ivals1 ! holy days & ! games1 & gaz$ at ! t[]+ ,capitol1 & saw ! laurell$ s]vants ( ! gods at ! temples :ile ! ,sacr$ ,way e*o$ to ! l[+ ( ! victims4 ,s wrote ,prud5tius4#bh ,s too wrote ,tibullus--,keep me1 ,l>es ( my fa!rs2 = ye br$ me to manhood :5 a t5d] *ild ,i play$ at y\r feet4#bi #ab ,h[ cr[d$ ! :ole ( life 0 ) cult & ritual & usage1 h[ full ( div9ities1 petty1 pleas+ or t]rible1 b g5]ally vague & ill-def9$1 no "o w readily realize )\t special /udy1 b "s idea ( ! complexity ( ! ,roman's div9e environm5t c be ga9$ f ev5 a cursory survey ( ,ovid's ,fa/i1 = example1 or ,t]tullian's ,apology1 or "s ( ! *apt]s ( ! f\r? book ( ,augu/9e's ,city ( ,god4 ,:51 asks ,augu/9e1 c ,i ev] m5tion 9 "o passage ( ?is book all ! names ( gods & goddesses1 :i* !y h sc>cely be5 able to compass 9 great volumes1 see+ t !y allot to e individual ?+ ! special function ( "s div9ity8 ,he names a few ( ! gods ( agriculture--,segetia1 ,tutil9a1 ,pros]p9a1 ,nodutus1 ,volut9a1 ,patelana1 ,lacturnus1 ,matuta1 etc4 ,i d n m5tion all4#cj ,satan & 8 angels h fill$ ! :ole _w1 said ,t]tullian4#ca ,sid5ote3 ,fauns1 trees1 & wells ,gods ( ?is type naturally make little figure 9 lit]ature ?\gh ,pros]p9a1 9 consequ5ce ( h] id5tification ) ! ,greek ,p]sephone1 a*iev$ a great place & is inde$ ! subject ( ! la/ great poem writt5 "u ! ,roman ,empire4 ,b !re 7 o!r gods ( c\ntryside & woodl&1 :om we "k bett] 9 art & poetry4 ,faunus lov] ( fugitive ,nymphs is *>m+ en\gh 9 ,horace's ode1 & ,fauns1 ,pans & ,satyrs l5d !mselves readily to grotesque treatm5t 9 /atue & gem & picture4 ,b ! c\ntry p took !m s]i\sly4 ,lucretius1 speak+ ( e*oes among ! hills1 says3--,^! spots ! p r\nd ab\t fancy t goat-foot$ ,satyrs & nymphs inhabit2 !y say t !y are ! ,fauns1 ^: noise & sportive play breaks ! /ill sil5ce ( ! night z !y move f place to place4444 ,!y tell u t ! c\ntry p f> & wide full (t he> ,pan1 :51 nodd+ ! p9e-cap on 8 half-be/ial head1 he runs ov] ! gap+ re$s ) curv$ lip4444 ,& ( o!r l mon/]s & m>vels !y tell u1 t !y may n be ?\ght to inhabit lonely places1 ab&on$ ev5 by ! gods4#cb ,cic]o #ac makes 8 ,/oic say _! voices are (t5 to be he>d4#cc ,pl9y1 9 8 ,natural ,hi/ory1 says t c]ta9 dogs c actually see ,fauns2 he quotes a prescription1 concoct$ ( a dragon's tongue1 eyes & gall1 :i* ! ,magi recomm5d = ^? :o are h>ass$ by gods ( ! night & by ,fauns2#cd = !y did n conf9e !mselves to runn+ aft] nymphs1 b w\ld *ase human wom5 9 ! d>k4 ,plut>* has a /ory ( ,k+ ,numa drugg+ a spr+ f :i* two daemons1 ,picus & ,faunus1 drank--creatures :o mu/ be comp>$ to ,satyrs or ,pans 9 "s respects & 9 o!rs to ! ,idaean ,dactyli1 be+s ( great miracul\s p[]4#ce ,a c\ntryside haunt$ by inhabitants ( m or less ?an human nature1 "p bea/s & "p fairies or devils1 is "o ?+ to an unbeliev] :o is int]e/$ 9 art or folk-lore1 b q ano!r ?+ to ! un$ucat$ man or woman :o has he>d _! my/]i\s voices 9 ! night solitude & has suff]$ 9 crop1 or h\se1 or h]d f _! ill-w4#cf ,:at ! ,greek call$ ,panic fe>s 7 attribut$ 9 ,italy to ,fauns4#cg ,trees1 says ,pl9y1 7 temples ( div9ities1 & 9 ! old way ! simple c\ntry folk to ?is day d$icate any rem>kable tree to a god4 ,nor h we m wor%ip = images glitt]+ ) gold & ivory ?an = groves & ! v sil5ce t is 9 !m4#ch ,! c\ntry p hung rags & o!r (f]+s on holy trees--! h$ge r\nd ! sacr$ grove at ,aricia is specially m5tion$ by ,ovid z ?us hon\r$4#ci ,! riv]-god ( ! ,tib] _h 8 sacr$ oak hung ) spoils ( fall5 foes4#dj ,holy wells too 7 common1 :i* 7 hon\r$ ) models ( ! limbs _! wat]s heal$1 & o!r curi\s gifts1 ?r[n into !m--z !y are /ill 9 e "p ( ! ,old ,_w4 ,horace's f\nt ( ,b&usia is ! mo/ fam\s ( ^! 9 lit]ature4#da ,x 0 an old usage to ?r[ g>l&s into spr+s & to cr[n wells on ,octob] #ac?4#db ,/reams & #ad wells alike 7 haunt$ by my/]i\s p[]s1 too (t5 malevol5t4#dc ,ovid describes old *>ms to keep (f vampires1 /riges1 f ! cradles ( *ildr54#dd ,9 fact ! :ole ( ,nature teem$ ) be+s :om we f9d x h>d to "n4 ,!y 7 n pleasant en\gh1 & did n appeal en\gh to ! fancy1 to m]it ! "n fairies--at lea/ s9ce ,! ,midsumm] ,night's ,dream 0 writt54 ,p]haps !y are ne>] ,! little ,p--! nameless ?im ones4#de ,!y 7 nei!r gods nor demons 9 our s5se ( ! words1 ?\gh ,greek ?9k]s us$ ! old ,hom]ic ^w daimon to describe !m or ! dim9utive ( x1 :i* all[$ !m to suppose t ,socrates' daimonion 0 some?+ ( ! k9d4 ,sid5ote3 ,! g5ius ,b ^! ,nature-spirits1 :atev] we may call !m1 7 f> f be+ ! only sup]human be+s t encompass$ man4 ,e h\se _h its ,l>es 9 a little %r9e 7l>>ium7 on ! he>?1 little tw9 gu>dian gods ) a dog at _! feet1 :o wat*$ ov] ! family1 & to :om some?+ 0 giv5 at e meal1 & g>l&s on great days4 ,leg5d said t ,s]vius ,tullius 0 ! son ( ! family ,l>4#df ,! ,l>es may h be5 spirits ( ance/ors4 ,! ,emp]or ,alex&] ,sev]us set images ( ,apollonius1 ,*ri/1 ,abraham & ,orpheus1 & o!rs ( t sort 9 8 l>>ium4#dg ,n only h\ses b /reets & cross-roads _h ,l>es2 ! city _h a ?\s&1 ,ovid said1 besides ! g5ius ( ! ,pr9ce :o gave !m2#dh = ,augu/us re/or$ two ye>ly fe/ivals 9 _! hon\r 9 ,spr+ & ,autumn4 ,!re 7 also ! ,p5ates 9 e home1 :om x w\ld p]haps be h>d to di/+ui% v cle>ly f ! ,l>es4 ,horace has a graceful ode to ,phidyle on ! suffici5cy ( ! simple/ sacrifices to ^! little gods ( home & he>?4#di ,! wor%ip ( ^! family gods 0 almo/ ! only #ae "p ( ,roman religion t 0 n flood$ & obscur$ by ! inru% ( ,ori5tal cults4 ,! ,anci5ts1 said ,s]vius1 us$ ! "n ,g5ius = ! natural god ( ea* individual place or ?+ or man1#ej & ano!r antiqu>y ?\ght t ! g5ius & ! ,l> might be ! same ?+4 ,= "s reason m5 ( lett]s laid hold ^u ! g5ius1 & we f9d x ev]y:]e4 ,:y !re %\ld be su* diff]5ce ev5 betwe5 tw9 bro!rs1 ,he only kn[s ^: influ5ce at our bir? ,o'errules ea* mortal's planet ^u e>?1 ,! att5dant g5ius1 temp]-m\ld+ p['r1 ,t /amps ! col\r ( man's natal h\r4#ea ,! idea ( ?is spiritual c\nt]p>t p]vades ! anci5t _w4 ,x appe>s 9 ,p]sia z ! frava%i4#eb ,x is 9 ! ,syrian ,gno/ic's ,hymn ( ! ,s\l1 z a robe 9 ! =m & lik5ess ( a man4-- ,x 0 myself t ,i saw be=e me z 9 a mirror2 ,two 9 numb] we /ood1 b only "o 9 appe>ance4#ec ,x is also probable t ! ,angel ( ,pet] & ! ,angels ( ! little *ildr5 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t repres5t ! same idea4 ,! read] ( ,horace h>dly ne$s to be rem9d$ ( ! bir?day fea/ 9 hon\r ( ! g5ius1--indulge g5io4 ,decemb]1 z ! mon? ( ,l>5talia & ,saturnalia1 is ! mon? welcome to e g5ius1 ,ovid says4#ed ,! wor%ip ( all or mo/ ( ^! spirits ( ! c\ntry & ( ! home 0 joyful1 an affair ( meat & dr9k4 ,! primitive sacrifice br\ght man & god ne> "o ano!r 9 ! blood & fle% ( ! victim1 :i* 0 ( "o race ) !m bo?4#ee ,x 0 on "s su* gr\nd t ! ,jews w\ld n eat ) blood1 le/ ! s\l ( ! bea/ %\ld pass into ! #af man4 ,!re 7 fea/s 9 hon\r ( ! dead1 too1 :i* ! *ur* f\nd s de> to ! p t x only got rid ( !m by turn+ !m into fe/ivals ( ! ,m>tyrs4 ,x 0 n idly t ,/ ,paul spoke ( meat (f]$ to idols & said t ! ,k+dom ( ,god 0 n eat+ or dr9k+4 ,9 addition to all ^! spirits ( liv+ be+s1 ( actions & ( places1 we h to reckon ! dead4 ,!re 7 ,manes--a "n suppos$ to mean ! k9dly ones1 a c>ess+ "n giv5 ) a purpose & betray+ a real fe>4 ,!re 7 also gho/s1 l>vae & lemures4#ef ,x 0 ! ?\ght ( ^! t made burial s s]i\s a ?+1 & all ! ritual = av]t+ ! displeasure ( ! dead4 ,! ,p>5talia 7 celebrat$ on ! #ac? ( ,febru>y 9 _! hon\r1#eg & 9 ,may ! ,lemuria4 ,x is1 we are told1 = ?is reason t none w m>ry 9 ,may4#eh ,closely connect$ ) ?is fe> ( gho/s & ( ! dead is t t]ror ( dea? :i* ,lucretius sp5ds s mu* lab\r 9 try+ to dissipate4 ,i see no race ( m51 wrote ,cic]o1 h[ev] poli%$ & educat$1 h[ev] brutal & b>b>\s1 :i* does n believe t w>n+s ( future ev5ts are giv5 & may be und]/ood & ann\nc$ by c]ta9 p]sons1#ei & he goes on to rem>k t ,x5ophanes & ,epicurus 7 alone among philosoph]s 9 believ+ 9 no k9d ( ,div9ation4#fj ,are we to wait till bea/s speak8 ,are we n cont5t ) ! unanim\s au?ority ( mank9d8#fa ,! ,/oics1 he says1 summ$ up ! matt] z foll[s3-- ,if !re are gods & !y d n decl>e ! future to m52 !n ei!r !y d n love m52 or !y are ignorant ( :at is to happ52 or !y ?9k x ( no importance to m5 to "k x2 or !y d n ?9k x consi/5t ) _! maje/y to tell m52 or ! gods !mselves are unable to indicate x4 ,b nei!r d !y n love m51 = !y are b5efactors & fri5ds to mank9d2 nor are !y ignorant ( :at !y !mselves appo9t & orda92 nor is x ( no importance to u to "k ! future--= we %all be m c>eful if we d2 nor d !y c\nt x ali5 to _! maje/y1 = !re is no?+ nobl] ?an k9dness2 nor are !y unable to =ekn[4 ,!re=e no #ag gods1 no =etell+2 b !re are gods2 !re=e !y =etell4 ,nor1 if !y =etell1 d !y fail to give u ways to le>n :at !y =etell2 nor1 if !y give u su* ways1 is !re no div9ation2 !re=e1 !re is div9ation4#fb ,sid5otes3 ,om5s ,all ?is reason+ comes aft] ! fact4 ,! :ole _w believ$ 9 div9ation1 & ! ,/oics f\nd a reason = x4#fc ,! flight ( birds1 ! entrails ( bea/s1 ra91 ?und]1 lightn+1 dreams1 ev]y?+ 0 a means ( ,div9ation4 ,ano!r passage f ! same ,dialogue ( ,cic]o w suffice4 ,sup]/ition1 says ! speak]1 foll[s y up1 is h>d ^u y1 pursues y :]ev] y turn4 ,if y he> a prophet1 or an om52 if y sacrifice2 if y cat* sight ( a bird2 if y see a ,*aldaean or a h>uspex2 if x light5s1 if x ?und]s1 if any?+ is /ruck by lightn+2 if any?+ l a port5t is born or occurs 9 any way--some?+ or o!r ( ! k9d is b\nd to happ51 s t y c nev] be at ease & h a quiet m9d4 ,! refuge f all our toils & anxieties w\ld seem to be sleep4 ,yet f sleep itself ! mo/ ( our c>es & t]rors come4#fd ,h[ true all ?is is w be se5 by a mom5t's reflexion on ! abundance ( signs1 om5s & dreams t hi/orians s diff]5t z ,livy & ,plut>* record4 ,horace uses !m pleasantly en\gh 9 8 ,odes--l mu* else su* ?+s are *>m+1 if "o does n believe 9 !m4#fe ,b x is abundantly cle> t x took an ef=t to be rid ( su* belief4 ,a speak] 9 ,cic]o's ,tusculans rem>ks on ! effront]y ( philosoph]s1 :o boa/ t by ,epicurus' aid !y are fre$ f ^? mo/ cruel ( tyrants1 et]nal t]ror & fe> by day & by night4#ff ,:5 a man boa/s ( moral progress1 ( 8 fre$om f av>ice1 :at1 asks ,horace1 ( o!r l matt]s8 ,y're n a mis]4 ,good--b pri!e say1 ,is e vice ) av>ice fl[n away8 444 ,does ,sup]/ition ne'er y\r he>t assail ,nor bid y\r s\l ) fanci$ horrors quail8 #ah ,or c y smile at magic's /range al>ms1 ,dreams1 wit*craft1 gho/s1 ,!ssalian spells & *>ms8#fg ,horace's conv]sion is record$ 9 "o ( 8 odes1 b x may be tak5 too s]i\sly4 ,t sup]/ition s gross 0 accompani$ by p>alys+ belief 9 magic1 en*antm5t1 miracle1 a/rology#fh & wit*craft g5]ally1 is n surpris+4 ,! hi/orians ( ! ,e>ly ,empire h pl5ty to say on ?is4 ,x %\ld be rememb]$ t ! /ep betwe5 magic & poison+ is a v %ort "o4 ,magic1 says ,pl9y1 embraces ! ?ree arts t mo/ rule ! human m9d1 m$ic9e1 religion & ma!matics--a triple *a9 :i* enslaves mank9d4#fi ,we h ?us 9 ,roman society a political life ( a highly develop$ type1 :i* has run ?r\gh a long c\rse ( evolution & is n[ deg5]at+2 we h a lit]ature bas$ ^u t ( ,greece & imply+ a good deal ( philosophy & ( intellectual fre$om2 &1 side by side ) all ?is1 a religi\s atmosph]e 9 :i* ! grosse/ & mo/ primitive ( savage conceptions & usages ?rive 9 ! neighb\rhood ( a scepticism z cool & deta*$ z t ( ,horace4 ,x is h>d to realize t a p's exp]i5ce c be s unev51 t developm5t & ret>dation c exi/ at once 9 s rem>kable a degree 9 ! m9d ( a nation4 ,! explanation is t we judge peoples & ages too mu* by _! lit]ature1 & by _! lit]ature only aft] x has surviv$ ! te/ ( c5turies4 ,9 all immortal lit]ature !re is a common note2 x deals ) ! dea?less & ! vital2 & sup]/ition1 ?\gh long en\gh & t5aci\s en\gh ( life1 is outliv$ & outgr[n by man's unconqu]able m9d4 ,b ! p]iod be=e u is "o 9 :i*1 "u a rule t robb$ m5 ( e lib]at+ int]e/ 9 life1 & left society politically1 intellectually & morally /]ile & empty1 lit]ature decl9$1 & z x decl9$1 x sank bel[ ! level ( t flood ( vulg> sup]/ition1 :i* rose high] & high]1 z 9 ea* g5]ation m5 7 less wi%ful to ?9k & less capable ( ?\ght4 #ai ,sid5ote3 ,univ]sal religions ,b our !me is religion1 & s f> we h discuss$ no?+ b :at we may call sup]/ition--& ev5 ,plut>* w\ld h>dly qu>rel ) ! "n4 ,t to p possess$ by su* beliefs 9 non-human p[]s1 9 be+s :i* beset human life ) malignity1 ! re/oration ( anci5t cult & ritual w\ld comm5d itself1 is only natural4 ,to su* m9ds ! purpose ( all wor%ip is to induce ! sup]human be+ to g peaceably away1 & sacrifice implies n human s91 b div9e irritation1 :i* may be irrational4 ,to ! religi\s temp]am5t1 ! ess5tial ?+ is "s k9d ( union1 "s communion1 ) ! ,div9e2 & sacrifice becomes ! means to effect ! relation ( life to a high] w1--to a holi] w1 we might say1 if we all[ to ! ^w holy a wid? ( significance m cong5ial to anci5t ?an to mod]n ?\ght4 ,& ?is high] w implies a div9ity ( wid] rea* ?an ! little gods ( primitive sup]/ition1 a p[] :i* may ev5 be less p]sonal if only x is great4 ,religion asks = ! simplification ( man's relations ) 8 div9e environm5t1 = escape f ! ?\s& & "o petty m>aud]s ( ! _s-_w into ! empire ( "s /rong & c5tral au?ority1 h>%1 p]haps1 or ev5 cruel1 b at lea/ a controll+ =ce 9 man's exp]i5ce4 ,if ?is p[] is moral1 religion is at once fus$ ) morality2 if x is m]ely physical1 religion rema9s non-moral1 & has a con/ant t5d5cy to decl9e into sup]/ition1 or at lea/ to make t]ms ) x4 ,9 ! h]$it>y religion ( ,rome1 ! only p[] t c\ld possibly h be5 inve/$ ) any su* "* 0 ,jupit] ,capitol9us1 b he _h too great a lik5ess to ! o!r gods ( ,italy--! gods ) names1 t is1 = "s ( ! m significant _h none--,bona ,dea & ,dea ,dia = example4 ,jupit] _h 8 functions1 b on ! :ole !y 7 local1 & !re 0 v little or no?+ 9 him to quick5 ?\ght or imag9ation4 ,x 0 n till ! ,/oics made him m or less ! embodim5t ( mono!ism1 t he _h a *ance ( becom+ ! c5tre ( a religion 9 ! high] s5se ( ! ^w1 & ev5 !n x 0 impossible2 = fir/1 he 0 at be/ little m ?an an imp]sonal dogma1 &1 secondly1 ! place 0 fill$ by =eign goddesses ( f> great] w>m? & col\r & activity4 ,/at magni nom9is umbra4 #bj ,sid5ote3 ,cybele & h] prie/s ,x 0 dur+ ! second ,punic ,w> t ,cybele 0 br\ght f ,asia ,m9or to ,rome & def9itely e/abli%$ z "o ( ! div9ities ( ! ,city4#gj ,! ,great ,"m ( ! gods1 %e repres5t$ ! pr9ciple ( life & its reproduction1 & h] wor%ip appeal$ to e male & female be+ 9 ! _w4 ,x inspir$ awe1 & x prompt$ to joy & m]rim5t2 x 0 impos+ & x 0 my/]i\s4 ,lucretius has a fam\s description ( h] pageant3-- ,adorn$ ) ?is emblem 7! mural cr[n71 ! image ( ! div9e ,"m is c>ri$ n[adays ?r\gh wide l&s 9 awe-inspir+ /ate4 ,diff]5t nations aft] old-e/abli%$ ritual "n h] ,idaean ,"m1 & give = escort ,phrygian b&s4444 ,tight-/ret*$ tamb\r9es & holl[ cymbals ?und] all r\nd to ! /roke ( _! op5 h&s1 & horns m5ace ) ho>se-s\nd+ music1 & ! holl[ pipe /irs _! m9ds ) its ,phrygian /ra94 ,!y c>ry weapons be=e !m1 emblems ( furi\s rage1 meet to fill ! ?ankless s\ls & godless brea/s ( ! rabble ) t]ror = ! ,div9ity ( ! ,goddess4 ,s1 :5 fir/ %e rides 9 procession ?r\gh great cities & mutely enri*es mortals ) a bless+ n express$ 9 words1 !y /raw all h] pa? ) brass & silv]1 pres5t+ h] ) b\nte\s alms1 & scatt] ov] h] a sn[-%[] ( roses1 ov]-%ad[+ ! "m & h] troops ( att5dants4 ,"h an arm$ b&1 to :i* ! ,greeks give ! names ( ,phrygian ,curetes1 jo9 9 ! game ( arms & leap 9 measure1 all dripp+ ) blood1 & ! awful cre/s ^u _! heads quiv] & %ake4#ga ,! inv>iable features ( ! wor%ip ( ,cybele are m5tion$ "h1 ! eunu* prie/s1 ! tamb\r9es1 ! %\t+ & leap+ & cutt+ ) knives1 & ! collection ( money4#gb ,!re is no indication ( any control be+ ex]cis$ ov] ^! prie/s ( ,cybele by a c5tral au?ority1 & little b&s ( !m /roll$ ?r\gh ! ,m$it]ranean l&s1 mak+ _! liv+ by exhibit+ !mselves & _! goddess & ga!r+ petty (f]+s4 ,!y _h a bad "n & !y seem to h des]v$ x4 ,9 ! book call$ ,! ,ass1 #ba once ascrib$ to ,lucian1 is a %ort acc\nt ( su* a b&4 ,! ass1 :o is really a man trans=m$1 is ! speak]4 ,! next day !y pack$ up ! goddess & set h] on my back4 ,!n we drove out ( ! city & w5t r\nd ! c\ntry4 ,:5 we ent]$ any village1 ,i1 ! god-be>] 7a fam\s ^w1 !ophoretos#gc7 /ood /ill1 & ! cr[d ( fluti/s blew l mad1 & ! o!rs ?rew (f _! caps & roll$ _! heads ab\t1 & cut _! arms ) ! swords & ea* /uck 8 tongue out beyond 8 tee? & cut x too1 s t 9 a mom5t ev]y?+ 0 full ( fre% blood4 ,&1 ,i1 :5 ,i saw ?is = ! fir/ "t1 /ood trembl+ 9 case ! goddess might ne$ an ass' blood too4 ,:5 !y _h cut !mselves ab\t 9 ?is way1 !y collect$ f ! by/&]s obols & dra*mas2 & "o or ano!r w\ld give !m figs & *eeses & a j> ( w9e1 & a m$imnus ( :eat & b>ley = ! ass4 ,s !y liv$ ^u ^! & did s]vice to ! goddess :o rode on my back4#gd ,! ,attis ( ,catullus gives a vivid picture ( ! fr5zy :i* ?is wor%ip c\ld excite4 ,juv5al compla9s ( ! bad influ5ce :i* ! prie/s ( ,cybele1 among o!rs1 _h ^u ! m9ds ( ,roman ladies4 ,/ ,augu/9e long aft]w>ds says t till ye/]day !y 7 to be se5 9 ! /reets ( ,c>?age ) wet hair1 :it5$ face & m9c+ walk4 ,x is int]e/+ to note 9 pass+ t ! l& :i* introduc$ ! ,"m ( ! ,gods to ! ,roman _w1 also gave ! "n ,!otokos 7,"m ( ,god7 to ! *ur*4 ,egypt also contribut$ gods to ,rome1 :o =c$ !mselves ^u ! /ate4 ,! ,s5ate =bade !m ! ,capitol & _h _! /atues ?r[n d[n1 b ! p set !m up aga9 ) viol5ce4#ge ,gab9ius1 ! ,consul ( #eh ,b4,c41 /opp$ ! erection ( alt>s to !m1 b eight ye>s lat] ! ,s5ate _h to pass a decree = ! de/ruction ( _! %r9es4 ,no #bb workman d>$ lay h& to ! "w1 s ! consul ,paullus /ripp$ (f 8 consul> toga1 took an axe & dealt ! fir/ bl[ at ! doors4#gf ,ano!r eight ye>s pass$1 & ! ,triumvirs1 aft] ! dea? ( ,caes>1 built a temple to ,isis & ,s]apis to w9 ! goodwill ( ! masses4#gg ,! l>ge =eign & ,ea/]n elem5t 9 ! city populace mu/ be rememb]$4 ,:5 ,octavian captur$ ,alex&ria1 he =gave ! guilty city 9 hon\r ( ,s]apis1 b on 8 return to ,rome he de/roy$ all ! %r9es ( ! god )9 ! city walls4 ,9 "t ,isis laid hold ( ! mon? ( ,novemb]1 :i* _h o!rwise no fe/ivals ( importance4 ,sid5ote3 ,isis & ,s]apis ,isis seems to h appeal$ to wom54 ,tibullus compla9s ( ,delia's devotion to h]1 & h] ritual4 ,!re 7 ba?s & purifications2 ! wor%ipp]s wore l95 g>m5ts & slept alone4 ,:ole nights 7 sp5t sitt+ 9 ! temple amid ! rattl+ ( ! si/rum4 ,morn+ & ev5+ ! vot>y ) fl[+ hair recit$ ! praises ( ! goddess4#gh ,isis c\ld make h] voice he>d on occasion1 or h] snake ( silv] w\ld be se5 to move its head1 & p5ance 0 requir$ to av]t h] ang]4 ,%e might bid h] wor%ipp]s to /& 9 ! ,tib] 9 ! w9t]1 or to crawl1 nak$ & trembl+1 ) blood-/a9$ knees1 r\nd ! ,campus ,m>tius--! ,iseum /ood 9 ! ,campus z x 0 =bidd5 )9 ! ,city ,walls2 or to fet* wat] f ,egypt to spr9kle 9 ! ,roman %r9e4 ,!y 7 high hon\rs inde$ t ,anubis claim$1 z1 surr\nd$ by %av5 prie/s 9 l95 g>m5ts1 he sc\r$ ! city & laugh$ at ! p :o beat _! brea/s z he pass$4#gi ,! b>k+ ,anubis might be despis$ by ,virgil & o!rs1 b ! vulg> fe>$ him z ! att5dant ( ,isis & ,s]apis4#hj ,isis began to usurp ! functions ( ,juno ,luc9a1 & wom5 9 *ildb$ call$ ^u h] to deliv] !m4#ha ,%e gave oracles1 :i* 7 famili> p]haps ev5 s e>ly z ,ennius' day1#hb & m5 & wom5 slept 9 ! temples ( ,isis & ,s]apis1 z !y did 9 ^? ( ,a,esculapius1 to obta9 9 dreams ! k !y ne$$ to appease ! god1 or to #bc recov] _! heal?1 or :at n4#hc ,x is n surpris+ t ! %r9es ( ,isis are m5tion$ by ,ovid & ,juv5al z ! resorts ( loose wom54#hd ,! devotion ( ! wom5 is prov$ by ! inscriptions :i* are f\nd record+ _! (f]+s to ,isis4 ,"o woman1 a ,spani>d1 may be tak5 z an illu/ration4 ,9 hon\r ( h] daught] %e d$icat$ a silv] /atue to ,isis1 & %e set =? h[ ! goddess wore a diadem compos$ ( "o big pe>l1 six little pe>ls1 em]alds1 rubies1 & jac9?s2 e>r+s ( em]alds & pe>ls2 a necklace ( ?irty-six pe>ls & eighte5 em]alds 7) two = clasps72 bracelets on h] arms & legs2 r+s on h] f+]s2 & em]alds on h] s&als4#he ,!re is evid5ce to %[ t ! ,madonna 9 ,s\!rn ,italy is really ,isis re-nam$4 ,isis1 l ! ,madonna1 0 pa9t$ & sculptur$ ) a *ild 9 h] arms 7,horus1 ,h>pocrates74 ,_! functions co9cide z closely z ?is inscription proves t _! (f]+s d4#hf ,die ,mutt] ,gottes zu ,kevla> ,traegt heut' ihr be/es ,kleid4 ,at fir/1 x is possible t ,egyptian religion1 z x spread all ov] ! _w1 0 little bett] ?an ,phrygian1 b x _h a bett] future4 ,) ,plut>*'s "w ^u x we %all h to deal lat] on4 ,apuleius1 at ! end ( ! second c5tury wor%ipp$ an ,isis1 :o id5tifi$ all ! ,div9ities ) h]self & 0 approa*$ ?r\gh ! mo/ impos+ sacram5ts4 ,%e 0 ! p[] und]ly+ all nature1 b !re 0 a spiritual side to h] wor%ip4 ,two c5turies or s lat]1 ,julian ! ,apo/ate looks ^u ,s]apis z ,ca?olics h done ^u ,/ ,pet]--he is ! k9dly & g5tle god1 :o set s\ls utt]ly free f becom+ or bir? 7g5eseos7 & does n1 :5 once !y are free1 nail !m d[n to o!r bodies 9 puni%m5t1 b conveys !m upw>d & br+s !m into ! #bd ideal _w4#hg ,x is possible t "s h9t ( ?is lurk$ 9 ! religion f ! fir/1 &1 if x did1 we ne$ n be surpris$ t x escap$ ,juv5al's notice4 ,x 0 n m]ely gods t came f ! ,ea/1 b a new s]ies ( religi\s ideas4 ,"h 7 religions t claim$ ! :ole ( life1 t taught ( moral pollution & ( reconciliation1 t gave anew ! old sacram5tal value to rituals1--religions ( prie/ & devotee1 equaliz+ ri* & poor1 save = ! co/ ( holy rites1 & giv+ to wom5 ! consci\sness ( life 9 t\* ) ! div9e4 ,! eunu* prie/s ( ,cybele & ! monks ( ,s]apis introduc$ a new ab/95ce to ,we/]n ?\ght4 ,x is significant t ,*ri/ian mona/icism & ! co5obite life began 9 ,egypt1 :]e1 z we le>n f papyri f\nd 9 rec5t ye>s1 great mona/]ies ( ,s]apis exi/$ long be=e our era4 ,side by side ) celibacy came veget>ianism4 ,no poly!i/ic religion c exclude gods f its pan!on2 all div9ities t man c devise h a "r !re4 ,?us ,cybele & ,isis made peace ) ea* o!r & ) all ! gods & goddesses :om !y met 9 _! travels--& ) all ! daemonia too4 ,_! cults 7 /eep$ 9 sup]/ition1 & swung to & fro betwe5 cont95ce & s5suality4 ,!y ori5taliz$ e religion ( ! ,we/ & develop$ e sup]/iti\s & romantic t5d5cy4 ,9 ! long run1 !y br\ght ,philosophy to its knees1 abas+ x to be ! apologi/ ( ev]y?+ !y taught & did1 & dignify+ !mselves by giv+ a philosophic col\r+ to _! my/icism4 ,b ?is is no /range ?+4 ,a religion beg9s 9 magic ) rites & symbols t belong to ! crude/ ,nature-wor%ip--to agriculture1 = in/ance1 & ! reproductive organs--& gradually develops or absorbs high] ideas1 till x may rea* ! unity ( ! godhead & ! immortality ( ! s\l2 b ! ultimate "q is1 w x cut itself cle> ( its pa/8 ,& ?is ! religions ( ,cybele & ,isis nev] satisfactorily a*iev$4 ,9 ! meantime !y promis$ little t[>ds a moral reg5]ation ( society4 ,!y (f]$ m5 & wom5 emotions1 b !y sc>cely t\*$ morality4 ,to ! t]rors ( life1 already _m en\gh1 !y add$ cr[n+ fe>s1 & cramp$ & dw>f$ ! m9ds ( m54 #be ,sid5ote3 ,lucretius ,o hapless race ( m56 cri$ ,lucretius1 :5 !y attribut$ su* de$s to ! gods & add$ cruel ang] !reto6 :at groan+s did !y !n beget = !mselves1 :at w\nds = u1 :at te>s = our *ildr5's *ildr56 ,no act ( piety is x to be (t5 se5 ) veil$ head turn+ t[>d a /one1 to haunt e alt>1 to lie pro/rate on ! gr\nd ) h&s outspread be=e ! %r9es ( gods1 to spr9kle ! alt>s ) mu* blood ( bea/s & l9k v[ to v[--no6 r to be able to look on all ?+s ) a m9d at peace4#hh ,& a m9d at peace 0 ! la/ ?+ t contempor>y religion c\ld (f] to any "o4 ,human life1 he says1 lay visibly be=e m5's eyes f\lly cru%$ to e>? "u ! weight ( ,religion1 :o %[$ h] head f ! qu>t]s ( heav5 ) hide\s aspect l[]+ ^u m51 till ,epicurus d>$ fir/ to uplift mortal eyes aga9/ h] face & fir/ to )/& h]4444 ,! liv+ =ce ( 8 s\l ga9$ ! day2 on he pass$ f> beyond ! flam+ walls ( ! _w & trav]s$ 9 m9d & _s ! immeasurable univ]se4 ,& !nce he returns aga9 a conqu]or1 to tell u :at c & :at _c come into be+2 9 %ort on :at pr9ciple ea* ?+ has its p[]s def9$1 its deep-set b\nd>y m>k4 ,s ,religion is put "u our feet & trampl$ ^u 9 its turn2 :ile z = u1 8 victory sets u on a level ) heav54#hi ,x 0 ! e/abli%m5t ( law :i* br\ght peace to ,lucretius4 ,9 ! ease ( m9d :i* we see he ga9$ f ! contemplation ( ! fixity ( cause & effect1 9 ! en?usiasm ) :i* he emphasizes su* words z rationes1 fa$]a1 leges1 ) :i* he celebrates ,natura gub]nans1 we c read ! horrible weight ^u a feel+ s\l ( a _w di/ract$ by ! incalculable caprices ( a myriad ( div9e or daemonic be+s4#ij ,! =ce ) :i* he fl+s himself aga9/ ! doctr9e ( a future life %[s t x is a fight = fre$om4 ,if m5 w\ld rid !mselves ( ! dread ( some?+ aft] dea?--& !y c\ld if !y w\ld1 = reason w d x--!y c\ld live 9 ! s]5e temples ( ! wise2 ! gods w\ld pass f _! m9ds2 b]eavem5t w\ld lose its /+1 & life w\ld no long] be brutaliz$ by ! cruelties ( t]ror4 ,av>ice1 trea*]y1 murd]1 civil w>1 suicide--all ^! ?+s are ! fruit ( ?is fe> ( dea?4#ia #bf ,religion1 simil>ly1 (t5 & (t5 has giv5 bir? to s9ful & unholy de$s4 ,! illu/ration1 :i* he uses1 is ! sacrifice ( ,iphig5ia1 & x seems a little remote4 ,yet ,pl9y says t 9 #ig ,b4,c4 9 ! consul%ip ( ,l5tulus & ,crassus1 a decree ( ! ,s5ate =bade human sacrifice--ne homo immol>etur4 ,x _c be e/imat$1 he goes on1 :at a debt is ow$ to ! ,romans :o h done away 79 ,gaul & ,brita97 ) mon/r\s rites1 9 :i* x 0 c\nt$ ! height ( religion to kill a man1 & a mo/ heal?ful ?+ to eat him4#ib ,else:]e he h9ts d>kly at 8 own age hav+ se5 some?+ ( ! k9d1 & !re is an obscure allusion 9 ,plut>*'s life ( ,m>cellus to unspeakable rites1 t none may see1 :i* are p]=m$ 787 ^u ,greeks & ,gauls4#ic ,at ! temple ( ,aricia1 says ,/rabo1 !re is a b>b>ian & ,scy?ian practice4 ,= !re is !re e/abli%$ a prie/1 a runaway slave1 :o has kill$ ) 8 own h& 8 pr$ecessor4 ,!re he is1 !n1 ev] sword 9 h&1 pe]+ r\nd ab\t1 le/ he %\ld be attack$1 ready to def5d himself4 ,/rabo's description ( ! temple on ! lake & ! precipice ov]hang+ x adds to ! impressiv5ess ( ! sc5e he ?us pictures4#id ,if human sacrifice 0 r>e 9 practice1 none ! less x 0 9 ! m9ds ( m54 ,tantum religio potuit suad]e malorum concludes ,lucretius1 & yet x 0 n p]haps 8 la/ ?\ght4 ,m4 ,pat9 has a f9e /udy ( ! poet 9 :i* he deals ) ! anti-,lucretius 9 ,lucretius4 ,ev5 9 ! matt] ( religion1 8 ke5 obs]vation ( ,nature frequ5tly sugge/s difficulties :i* are m p[]fully express$ & m conv9c+ ?an ! argum5ts ) :i* he himself tries to refute !m4 ,:5 we look up to ! heav5ly regions ( ! great univ]se1 ! ae!r set on high above ! glitt]+ />s1 & ! #bg ?\ght comes into our m9d ( ! sun & moon & _! c\rses2 !n inde$ 9 he>ts lad5 ) o!r woes t d\bt too beg9s to wake & raise its head--c x be p]*ance1 aft] all1 t we h to d ) "s va/ ,div9e p[] t :eels ^? bright />s ea* 9 8 orbit8 ,aga9 :o is !re ^: m9d does n %r9k into itself ) fe> ( ! gods1 ^: limbs d n creep ) t]ror1 :5 ! p>*$ e>? rocks "u horrible bl[ ( ! ?und]bolt1 & ! ro> sweeps ov] ! va/ sky8 444 ,:5 too ! utmo/ fury ( ! wild w9d sc\rs ! sea & sweeps ov] its wat]s ! admiral ) 8 /\t legions & 8 elephants1 does he n 9 pray] seek peace ) ! gods8 444 b all 9 va91 s9ce1 full (t1 caught 9 ! :irlw9d1 he is driv51 = all 8 pray]s1 on1 on to ! %oals ( dea?4 ,?us does "s hidd5 p[] trample on mank9d4444 ,aga91 :5 ! :ole e>? rocks "u _! feet1 & t[ns fall at ! %ock or hang ready to collapse1 :at wond] if m5 despise !mselves1 & make ov] to ! gods high pr]ogative & m>vell\s p[]s to gov]n all ?+s8#ie ,t ,lucretius %\ld be s op5 to impressions ( ?is k9d1 9 spite ( 8 philosophy1 is ra measure ( 8 greatness z a poet4 ,x adds weight & wor? to all t he says--to 8 hatr$ ( ! poly!ism & sup]/ition r\nd ab\t him1 & to 8 judgm5t ^u _! effect 9 d>k5+ & b5umb+ ! m9ds ( m54 ,he und]/&s ! feel+s :i* he dislikes--he has felt !m4 ,! spectacle ( ! unguess$ p[] t tramples on mank9d has mov$ him2 & he has suff]$ ! di/ress ( all delicate spirits 9 times ( blood%$ & disord]4 ,he kn[s ! effect ( su* times ^u ^? :o /ill wor%ip4 ,mu* m ke5ly 9 evil days d !y turn _! m9ds to religion4#if #bh ,we h n[ to consid] ano!r poet1 a disciple ( ,lucretius 9 8 e>ly ye>s1 :o1 "u ! influ5ce ( ,nature & human exp]i5ce1 mov$ away f ,epicureanism1 & s\ght reconciliation ) ! gods1 ?\gh he 0 too hone/ ) himself to f9d peace 9 ! sy/ems & ideas t 7 yet available4 ,sid5ote3 ,virgil ,virgil 0 born 9 ! ye> #gj ,b4,c4--! son ( a little self-made man 9 a village ,nor? ( ! ,po4 ,he grew up 9 ! c\ntry1 ) a _s t ye> by ye> grew m s5sitive to e aspect ( ! _w ar\nd him4 ,no ,roman poet _h a m g5tle & sympa!tic love ( ,nature2 none ev] ent]$ s deeply & s t5d]ly into ! sorr[s ( m54 ,he liv$ ?r\gh =ty ye>s ( ,civil ,w>1 veil$ & op54 ,he saw its effects 9 brok5 homes & a*+ he>ts1 9 co>s5$ m9ds & reckless lives4 ,he 0 driv5 f 8 own f>m1 & _h1 l ,a,eneas1 to rescue an ag$ & bl9d fa!r4 ,"u su* exp]i5ce 8 e>ly ,epicureanism dissolv$--x _h always be5 too g5ial to be ! true k9d4 ,! ,epicurean %\ld nev] g beyond fri5d%ip1 & ,virgil lov$4 ,8 love ( ! l& 9 :i* he 0 born %[$ x to him m wor?y to be lov$ ?an m5 _h yet realiz$4 ,virgil 0 ! pione] :o discov]$ ! beauty1 ! *>m & ! romance ( ,italy4 ,he lov$ ! ,italians & saw poetry 9 _! h>dy lives & quiet virtues1 ?\gh !y 7 n ,greeks4 ,8 love ( 8 fa!r & ( 8 l& op5$ to him ! significance ( all love1 & ! deep5+ & wid5+ ( 8 exp]i5ce is to be read 9 ! music1 /rong] & pr(\nd]1 t "t reveals 9 8 poetry4 ,"h 0 a poet :o lov$ ,rome m ?an ev] did ,augu/us or ,horace1 & he _h no su* spe$y cure z !y = ! woes ( sorr[ful ,hesp]ia4 ,! loss ( fai? 9 ! old gods meant m to him ?an to !m1 s 8 tone 9 speak+ ( !m is quiet]1 a great deal1 ?an t ( ,horace4 ,he took ! decl9e ( morals m s]i\sly & m inw>dly1 & he saw m deeply into ! spr+s ( action2 he c\ld nev] lightly use ! talk ( rapid & sweep+ re=mation1 z 8 fri5d did 9 ! odes :i* ! ,emp]or inspir$4 ,he _h e belief 9 ,augu/us1 :o 0 de>] to him p]sonally ?an to ,horace1 & he hop$ = mu* outcome f ! new movem5t 9 ! ,/ate4 ,b ) all 8 absorb+ int]e/ 9 #bi 8 own times--& h[ deep t int]e/ 01 only long & m9ute /udy ( 8 poems w reveal--he 0 )\t s*eme or policy4 ,he came be=e 8 c\ntrym51 z prophets & poets d 9 all ages--a *ild 9 affairs1 b a man 9 inw>d exp]i5ce2 he _h little or no?+ to (f] b ! impressions left ^u 8 s\l by human life4 ,he _h ! advantage ov] mo/ prophets 9 be+ a "l ( language2 he drew m music f ,lat9 words ?an _h ev] be5 a*iev$ be=e or 0 ev] rea*$ aga94 ,he told m5 ( a new exp]i5ce ( ,nature4 ,x is h>dly exagg]ation to say t he /&s ne>] ,wordswor? 9 ?is feel+ ?an any o!r poet4 ,he _h ! same impulses ( deep] bir?2 he _h se5 new gleams & he>d new voices2 he _h enjoy$ :at no ,italian _h be=e1 & he spoke 9 a new way1 un9telligible !n1 & un9telligible /ill1 to ^? :o h n se5 & he>d ! same ?+s4 ,! gi/ ( x all he tri$ to give 9 ! language ( ,pan!ism1 :i* ! ,/oics _h borr[$ f ,py?agoras3--,! ,deity1 !y tell u1 p]vades all1 e>? & ! expanse ( sea1 & ! deep vault ( heav52 f ,him flocks1 h]ds1 m51 wild bea/s ( e sort1 ea* creature at its bir? draws ! bright ?read ( life2 fur!r1 to ,him all ?+s return1 are re/or$ & r$uc$--dea? has no place among !m2 b !y fly up alive into ! ranks ( ! />s & take _! seats al(t 9 ! sky4 ,s ,john ,con+ton did ! passage into ,engli%4 ,b 9 su* cases x may be said ) no disrespect to ! comm5tator :o has done s mu* = 8 poet1 ! orig9al words /& to ! translation1 z ,virgil's ?\ght did to ! same ?\ght 9 a ,/oic's bra94 ,deum namque ire p] omnis ,t]rasque tractusque m>is caelumque pr(undum2 ,h9c pecudes1 arm5ta1 viros1 g5us omne f]>um1 ,quemque sibi t5ues nasc5tem arcess]e vitas2 ,scilicet huc r$di de9de ac resoluta ref]ri ,omnia1 nec morti esse locum1 s$ viva vol>e ,sid]is 9 num]um atque alto succ$]e caelo4 7,georgics1 iv1 #bba47 ,! words might repres5t a fancy1 or a dogma ( ! s*ools & _m no d\bt s read !m1 because !y _h no #cj exp]i5ce to help !m4 ,b to o!rs x is cle> t ! passage is "o ( ! deepe/ import1 = x is ! key to ,virgil's m9d & ! ?\ght is an expression ( :at we c call by no o!r "n ?an religion4 ,ar\nd him m5 & wom5 7 seek+ communion ) gods2 he _h _h communion ) :at he c\ld n "n--he _h exp]i5c$ religion 9 a v deep1 abid+ & true way4 ,!re is no?+ = x--at lea/ = ,engli%m5--b to quote ! l9es compos$ a few miles above ,t9t]n ,abbey-- ,i h felt ,a pres5ce t di/urbs me ) ! joy ,( elevat$ ?\ghts2 a s5se sublime ,( some?+ f> m deeply int]fus$1 ,^: dwell+ is ! light ( sett+ suns1 ,& ! r\nd ocean1 & ! liv+ air1 ,& ! blue sky1 & 9 ! m9d ( man2 ,a motion & a _s1 t impels ,all ?9k+ ?+s1 all objects ( all ?\ght1 ,& rolls ?r\gh all ?+s4 ,virgil's exp]i5ce did n /op "h2 l ,wordswor?1 he f\nd ,nature's self ,by all v>ieties ( human love ,assi/$4 ,he _h be5 a son & a bro!r2 & su* relations ( m5 to m5 impress$ him--!y took him into ! deepe/ & mo/ beautiful regions ( life2 & "o ( ! *>ms ( ,italy 0 t x 0 writt5 all ov] ) ! records ( human love & helpfulness4 ,! cle>+1 ! or*>d1 ! hilltop t[n1 ! b$ ( fl[]s1 all spoke to him words t c\ld n be utt]$4 ,8 long acqua9tance ) su* scripts br\ght x ab\t t he f\nd 9 man an object ( delight1 ,( pure imag9ation & ( love-- & he came to ! ,roman p ) a deep impression ( human wor?--some?+ unkn[n altoge!r 9 ,roman poetry be=e or aft]4 ,lucretius 0 impress$ ) man's insignificance 9 ! univ]se2 ,horace1 ) man's folly4 ,virgil's #ca poetry ?robb$ ) ! s5se ( man's gr&eur & 8 sanctity4 ,?is human greatness1 :i* 8 poetry br\ght home to ! sympa!tic read]1 0 n altoge!r =eign to ! ?\ght ( ! day4 ,homo sacra res hom9i#ig 0 ! tea*+ ( ! ,/oics1 b man 0 a m sacr$ ?+ to ! poet ?an to ! philosoph]1 = :at ! philosoph] conceiv$ to be a flaw & a weakness 9 man1 ! poet f\nd to be man's *ief significance4 ,! ,/oic l\dly proclaim$ man to be a memb] ( ! univ]se4 ,! poet f\nd man knit to man by a myriad ties1 ! /r5g? ( :i* he realiz$ ?r\gh t pa9 aga9/ :i* ! ,/oic s\ght to safegu>d him4 ,man reveal$ to ! poet 8 inn] greatness 9 ! haunt+ s5se ( 8 limitations--he c\ld n be self-suffici5t 7aut>kes7 z ! ,/oic urg$2 he dep5d$ on m51 on wom5 & *ildr51 on ! beauty ( grass & liv+ creature1 ( ! sea & sky4 ,& ev5 all ^! ?+s c\ld n satisfy 8 crav+ = love & fell[%ip2 he felt a hung] = ! inf9ite4 ,"h p]haps is ! greate/ contribution ( ,virgil to ! life ( ! age4 ,he1 ! poet to :om man & ! _w 7 mo/ v>i\s & meant mo/1 came to 8 p1 &1 )\t any articulate expression ( x 9 direct words1 made x cle> to !m t he _h felt a gap 9 ! he>t ( ?+s1 :i* philosophy c\ld nev] fill4 ,philosophy c\ld remove ?is s5se ( incomplet5ess1 b only at ! co/ ( love2 & love 0 to ,virgil1 z 8 poetry %[s1 ! v ess5ce ( life4 ,yet he gave1 & n altoge!r unconsci\sly1 ! impression t 9 proportion z love is appreh5d$1 its dem&s ext5d beyond ! pres5t4 ,! six? book ( ! ,a,eneid settles no?+ & proves no?+1 b x expresses an in/9ct1 /rong 9 ,virgil1 z ! result ( exp]i5ce1 t love mu/ rea* beyond ! grave4 ,fur!r1 ! :ole /ory ( ,a,eneas is an utt]ance ( man's crav+ = ,god1 ( ! s5se ( man's incomplet5ess )\t a div9e complem5t4 ,^! are ! records ( ,virgil's life1 int5sely individual1 b n peculi> to himself4 ,9 ! lit]ature ( 8 c5tury1 !re is little indication ( su* in/9cts1 b ! hi/ory ( f\r hundr$ ye>s %[s t !y 7 deep 9 ! g5]al he>t ( man4 ,^! impressions ,virgil br\ght be=e ! ,roman _w4 #cb ,z su* ?+s are1 !y 7 a criticism1 & !y meant a *ange ( values4 ,9 ! light ( !m1 ! re/oration ( religion by ,augu/us became a little ?+2 ! popul> sup]/ition ( ! day 0 /amp$ z vulg> & trivial 9 itself1 :ile x became ! sign ( deep & unsatisfi$ crav+ 9 ! human he>t2 & la/ly ! curr5t philosophies1 9 ! face ( ,virgil's poetry1 7 felt to be %all[ & cold1 talk ( ! lip & trick ( ! bra94 ,( c\rse ?is is n j to ! philosoph]s :o did mu* = ! _w1 & )\t :om ,virgil w\ld n h be5 :at he 04 ,none ! less1 x 0 writt5 9 ,virgil's poetry t ! religions & philosophies ( mank9d mu/ be ?\ght ov] anew4 ,?is is no light contribution to an age or to mank9d4 ,9 ?is case x c>ries ) x ! :ole /ory t lies be=e u4 ,su* an expression ( a common in/9ct gave new =ce to t in/9ct2 x add$ a p[]ful impulse to ! deepe/ passion t man kn[s2 &1 9 spite ( ! unc]ta9ties :i* beset ! poet himself1 x gave new hope to mank9d t ! cry ( ! human he>t = ,god 0 "o t %\ld receive an answ]4 ,*apt] ,i ,footnotes3 #a ,cic4 ad fam4 x1 #af1 #b1 ,ipse tibi sis s5atus4 #b ,georgic i1 #eje-ead 7,con+ton's translation1 ) alt]ations74 #c ,polybius1 vi1 #ef1 ,%uckburgh's ,translation4 #d ,polybius1 xviii1 #ce4 #e ,sextus ,empiricus1 ,adv4 ma!maticos1 ix1 #ed4 #f ,cic]o1 ,n4,d4 i1 #db1 #aah4 #g ,diodorus ,siculus1 i1 #b4 #h ,quot$ by ,augu/9e1 ,c4,d4 iv1 #bg2 vi1 #e2 also ref]r$ to by ,t]tullian1 ad ,natt4 ii1 #a4 #i ,suetonius1 ,augu/us1 #ca1 #ge1 #ic2 ,w>de ,f[l]1 ,roman ,fe/ivals1 p4 #cdd4 #aj ,suet4 ,aug4 #ij1 #ib4 #aa ,horace1 ,odes1 iii1 #bd1 #i-bj1 ,glad/one's v]sion4 #ab ,horace1 ,odes1 iii1 #f1 ,delicta maiorum4 #ac ,de ,h>uspicum ,responsis1 #i1 #ai2 ,n4,d4 ii1 #c1 #h4 #ad ,e4g4 ,apol4 #be1 ) a s]i\s criticism ( ! contra/ betwe5 ,roman "* be=e & aft] ! conque/ ( ! _w1--be=e & aft] ! invasion ( ,rome by ! images & idols ( ,etruscans & ,greeks4 #ae ,augu/9e ,c4,d4 vi1 #b4 #af ,on ,a,eneid1 xi1 #ghe4 #ag ,prop]tius1 v1 #a1 #fi4 #ah ,ovid1 ,fa/i1 i1 #g4 #ai ,livy1 i1 #ai4 #bj ,livy1 iv1 #cj4 #ba ,plut>*1 ,romulus1 #ba2 ,caes>1 #fa1 ,w>de ,f[l]1 ,roman ,fe/ivals1 p4 #caj f4 #bb ,suetonius1 ,aug4 #ca1 ,w>de ,f[l]1 op4 cit4 p4 #aij4 #bc ,momms51 ,hi/ory1 i1 p4 #bca1 :o translates ! hymn4 #bd ,qu9tilian1 i1 #f1 #dj4 ,see specim5 9 ,v>ro1 ,l4,l4 vii1 #bf4 #be ,epp4 ii1 #a1 #bj-bg1 #hf4 #bf ,cic]o1 ad fam4 xiv1 #d1 #a4 #bg ,hor4 ,sat4 i1 #i1 #fi3 ,porphyrion is ! au?ority = ! com$ies4 #bh ,prud5tius1 contra ,symma*um1 i1 #aig-bah4 #bi ,tibullus1 i1 #aj1 #ae4 #cj ,c4,d4 iv1 #h4 ,to an e>ly ,greek1 says ,mr ,gilb]t ,murray1 ! e>?1 wat] & air 7 full ( liv+ eyes3 ( !oi1 ( daimones1 ( ,k]es4 ,"o e>ly poet says emphatically t ! air is s cr[d$ full ( !m t !re is no room to put 9 ! spike ( an e> ( corn )\t t\*+ "o4--,rise ( ,greek ,epic1 p4 #hb4 #ca de ,spect4 #e2 cf4 de ,idol4 #af2 de cor4 mil4 #ac1 gods ( ! door2 de ,anima1 #ci1 goddesses ( *ild-bir?4 #cb ,lucr4 iv1 #ehj f4 ,virg4 ,a,en4 viii1 #cad4 #cc ,cic4 ,n4,d4 ii1 #b1 #f3 cf4 ,de ,div4 i1 #de1 #aja4 ,w>de ,f[l]1 ,roman ,fe/ivals1 pp4 #bef ff4 on ! ,fauni4 #cd ,pl9y1 ,n4,h4 viii1 #aea2 xxx1 #hd4 #ce ,plut>*1 ,numa1 #ae2 de facie 9 orbe lunae1 #cj2 ,ovid1 ,fa/i1 iii1 #bia4 #cf ,horace's ode atte/s ! p[] ( ! ,fauns ov] crops & h]ds4 #cg ,dionys4 ,hal4 v1 #af4 #ch ,pl9y1 ,n4,h4 xii1 #c4 #ci ,ovid1 ,fa/i1 iii1 #bfg4 ,licia dep5d5t longas velantia saepes1 et posita e/ m]itae multa tabella deae4 #dj ,virgil1 ,a,en4 x1 #dbc4 #da ,horace1 ,odes1 iii1 #ac4 #db ,w4 ,w>de ,f[l]1 ,roman ,fe/ivals1 p4 #bdj4 #dc ,cf4 ,t]tullian1 de ,baptismo1 #e4 ,annon et alias s9e ullo ,sacram5to immundi spiritus aquis incubant1 adfectantes illam 9 primordio div9i spiritus ge/ationem8 ,sciunt opaci quique fontes1 et avii quique rivi1 et 9 balneis pisc9ae et euripi 9 domibus1 vel ci/]nae et putei1 qui rap]e dicuntur1 scilicet p] vim spiritus noc5tis4 ,nympholeptos et lymphaticos et hydrophobos vocant quos aquae necav]unt aut am5tia vel =mid9e ex]cu]unt4 ,quorsum i/a retulimus8 ,ne quis durius cr$at angelum dei sanctum aquis 9 salutem hom9is temp]&is adesse4 #dd ,ovid1 ,fa/i1 vi1 #aee f4 #de ,cf4 7,lucian7 ,as9us1 #bd4 poi badixeis aoria talaipore2 oude ta daimonia d$oikas4 #df ,pl9y1 ,n4,h4 xxxvi1 #bjd4 #dg ,lampridius1 ,alex4 ,sev4 #bi4 #b4 #dh ,fa/i1 v4 #ade4 ,cf4 ,prud5tius1 adv4 ,symm1 ii1 #dde f4 #di ,odes1 iii1 #bc4 ,f>re pio4 #ej ,on ,georgic i1 #cjb1 ,see ,v>ro1 ap4 ,aug4 ,c4,d4 vii1 #ac4 ,also ,t]t4 de ,anima1 #ci1 ,sic et omnibus g5ii deputantur1 quod daemonum nom5 e/4 ,adeo nulla f]me nativitas munda1 utique e?nicorum4 #ea ,hor4 ,ep4 ii4 #b1 #ahg f4 ,h[es' translation4 ,cf4 ,fa]ie ,que5e1 ,,ii1 xii1 #dg4 #eb ,see ,j4 ,h4 ,m\lton 9 ,j\rnal ( ,!ological ,/udies1 ,,iii1 #ead4 #ec ,burkitt1 ,e>ly ,ea/]n ,*ri/ianity1 p4 #bbb4 #ed ,fa/i1 iii1 #eg2 ,s5eca1 ,ep4 #ah4 #a1 ,decemb] e/ m5sis3 cum maxime civitas sudat1 ius luxuries publicae datum e/ 444 ut non videatur mihi errasse qui dixit3 olim m5sem ,decembrem fuisse nunc annum4 #ee ,cf4 ,rob]tson ,smi?1 ,religion ( ! ,semites1 lect4 xi4 #ef ,w>de ,f[l]1 ,roman ,fe/ivals1 pp4 #ajf f4 #eg ,ovid1 ,fa/i1 ii1 #dji f4 ,w>de ,f[l]1 op4 cit4 pp4 #cjf f4 #eh ,ovid1 ,fa/i1 v1 #dij4 #ei ,de ,div9atione1 i1 #a1 #b4 #fj ib4 i1 #c1 #e4 #fa ib4 i1 #ci1 #hd4 #fb ,de ,div9atione1 i1 #ch1 #hb1 #hc4 ,cf4 ,t]tullian1 de ,anima1 #df4 ,s$ et ,/oici deum malunt provid5tissimum humanae in/itutioni int] cet]a praesidia div9atricum artium et discipl9>um somnia quoque nobis indidisse1 peculi>e solatium naturalis oraculi4 #fc ,panaetius & ,s5eca %\ld be except$ f ?is *>ge4 #fd ,cic4 de ,div4 ii1 #gb1 #adi1 #aej4 ,cf4 de ,legg4 ii1 #ac1 #cb4 ,plut>* also has ! same rem>k ab\t sleep & sup]/ition4 #fe ,cf4 ,odes1 iii1 #bg4 #ff ,tusculans1 i1 #ba1 #dh4 #fg ,hor4 ,ep4 ii1 #b1 #bjh2 ,h[es4 #fh ,t]tullian1 de ,idol4 #i1 seimus magiae et a/rologiae int] se societatem4 #fi ,pl9y ! eld] on ,magic1 ,n4,h4 xxx1 op5+ sections2 ,n4,h4 xxviii1 #aj1 on incantations1 polleantne aliquid v]ba et incantam5ta c>m9um4 #gj ,livy1 xxix1 #aa1 #ad2 ,ovid1 fa/i1 iv1 #agi f4 ,! goddess 0 embodi$ 9 a big /one4 #ga ,lucretius1 ii1 #fjh f4 #gb ,cf4 ,/rabo1 c4 #dgj2 ,juv5al1 vi1 #eaa f4 #gc ,see ,ramsay1 ,*ur* 9 ! ,roman ,empire1 p4 #cig4 ,! ,lat9s us$ ! ^w div9us 9 ?is way--,s5eca1 de teata vita1 #bf1 #h4 #gd 7,lucian7 ,as9us1 #cg4 ,! same tale is amplifi$ 9 ,apuleius' ,gold5 ,ass1 :]e ! episode ( ^! prie/s is giv5 ) m detail1 9 ! eigh? book4 ,s5eca h9ts t a little blood might make a fair %[2 see 8 picture ( ! same1 de beata vita1 #bf1 #h4 #ge ,t]tullian1 ad ,natt4 i1 #aj2 ,apel4 #f4 ,he has ! /range fancy t ,s]apis 0 orig9ally ! ,joseph ( ! book ( ,g5esis1 ad ,natt4 ii1 #h4 #gf ,val]ius ,maximus1 i1 #c1 #d4 #gg ,dio ,c4 xlvii1 #ae4 #gh ,tibullus1 i1 #c1 #bc f4 ,cf4 ,prop]tius1 ii1 #bh1 #de2 ,ovid1 ,a4,a4 iii1 #fce4 #gi ,juv5al1 vi1 #ebb f4 #hj ,lucan1 viii1 #hca1 ,is9 semideosque canes4 #ha ,ovid1 ,am4 ii1 #ac1 #g4 #hb ,unless ,isiaci coniectores is ,cic]o's own phrase1 de ,div4 i1 #eh1 #acb4 #hc ,cic]o1 ,div4 ii1 #ei1 #aba4 ,= egkolmesis or incubatio see ,m>y ,hamilton1 ,incubation 7#aijf7 #hd ,clem4 ,alex4 ,pa$ag4 iii1 #bh1 to ! same effect4 ,t]tullian on ! temples1 de ,pud4 c4 #e4 ,ref]5ce may be made to ! hi]odules ( ! temples 9 anci5t ,asia & 9 mod]n ,india4 #he ,corp4 ,inscr4 ,lai4 ii1 #cchf4 ,! enum]ation ( ! jewels 0 a safegu>d aga9/ !ft4 #hf ,fl9d]s ,petrie1 ,religion ( ,anci5t ,egypt1 p4 #dd2 ,hamilton1 ,incubation1 pp4 #agd1 #ahb f4 #hg ,julian1 ,or4 iv1 #acf ,b4 #hh ,lucr4 v1 #aaid4 #hi ,lucr4 i1 #fb-gi4 #ij ,see ,pat91 ,la ,poesie ,lat9e1 i1 #abj4 #ia ,lucr4 iii1 #fj f4 #ib ,pl9y1 ,n4,h4 xxx1 #ab1 #ac4 ,w>de ,f[l]1 ,roman ,fe/ivals1 pp4 #aaa f4 on ! ,argei & ! :ole "q ( human sacrifice4 ,= ,plut>*'s explanation ( x z due n to gods b to evil demons :o en=c$ x1 see p4 #ajg4 #ic ,pl9y1 ,n4,h4 xxviii1 #ab2 ,plut>*1 ,m>cellus1 #c1 :]e1 h[ev]1 ! mean+ may only be t ! rites are done 9 symbol2 he ref]s to ! actual sacrifice ( human be+s 9 ! pa/4 ,see ,t]tullian1 ,apol4 #i on sacrifice ( *ildr5 9 ,africa 9 ! reign ( ,tib]ius4 #id ,/rabo1 c4 #bci4 ,/rabo 0 a contempor>y ( ,augu/us4 ,cf4 ,j4 ,g4 ,fraz]1 ,adonis ,attis ,osiris1 p4 #fc1 = ano!r in/ance 9 ?is p]iod4 #ie ,lucr4 v1 #abjd-abdj4 ,we may comp>e ,br[n+'s ,bp4 ,bl\gram on ! in/ability ( unbelief3-- ,j :5 we are safe/1 !re's a sunset-t\*1 ,a fancy f a fl[]-bell1 "s "o's dea?1 ,a *orus-end+ f ,euripides-- ,& t's en\gh = fifty hopes & fe>s ,z old & new at once z nature's self1 ,to rap & knock & ent] 9 our s\l1 ,take h&s & dance !re1 a fanta/ic r+1 ,r\nd ! anci5t idol1 on 8 base aga91-- ,! gr& ,p]haps6 ,we look on helplessly4 #if ,lucr4 iii1 #ec4 #ig ,s5eca1 ,ep4 #ie1 #cc4 #cc ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,! ,,/oics ,i am ent]+1 writes ,tacitus1#a ^u ! hi/ory ( a p]iod1 ri* 9 disa/]s1 gloomy ) w>s1 r5t ) s$itions1 nay1 savage 9 its v h\rs ( peace4 ,f\r ,emp]ors p]i%$ by ! sword2 !re 7 ?ree civil w>s2 !re 7 m ) =eign]s--& "s _h bo? *>act]s at once4444 ,rome 0 wa/$ by fires1 its olde/ temples burnt1 ! v ,capitol set 9 flames by ,roman h&s4 ,!re 0 defilem5t ( sacr$ rites2 adult]ies 9 high places2 ! sea cr[d$ ) exiles2 isl& rocks dr5*$ ) murd]4 ,yet wild] 0 ! fr5zy 9 ,rome2 nobility1 weal?1 ! refusal ( (fice1 its acceptance--ev]y?+ 0 a crime1 & virtue ! sure/ ru94 ,nor 7 ! rew>ds ( in=m]s less odi\s ?an _! de$s2 "o f\nd 8 spoils 9 a prie/hood or a consulate2 ano!r 9 a prov9cial gov]nor%ip2 ano!r beh9d ! ?rone2 & all 0 "o delirium ( hate & t]ror2 slaves 7 brib$ to betray _! ma/]s1 fre$m5 _! patrons4 ,he :o _h no foe 0 de/roy$ by 8 fri5d4 ,x 0 to ?is t ,virgil's hope ( a new ,gold5 ,age _h come--,r$eunt ,saturnia regna4 ,augu/us _h re/or$ ! ,republic2 he _h re/or$ religion2 & aft] a hundr$ ye>s "h is ! outcome4 ,tacitus himself admits t ! age 0 n b>r5 ( virtues1 t x c\ld %[ f9e illu/rations ( family love & fri5d%ip1 & ( h]oic dea?4 ,x mu/ also be own$ t ! ,prov9ces at l>ge 7 bett] gov]n$ ?an "u ! ,republic2 &1 fur!r1 t1 :5 he wrote ,tacitus ?\ght ( a p>ticul> p]iod ( civil disord] & t n a long "o4 ,yet ! read] ( 8 ,annals w feel t ! description w cov] m ?an ! ye> #fi2 x is ess5tially true ( ! reigns ( ,tib]ius1 ,gaius1 ,claudius & ,n]o1 & x 0 to be true aga9 ( ! reign ( ,domitian--( p]haps eighty ye>s ( ! fir/ c5tury ( our era4 ,if x 0 n true #cd ( ! :ole ,m$it]ranean _w1 or ev5 ( ! :ole ( ,rome1 x 0 true at lea/ ( t half-,rome :i* gave its col\r to ! ?9k+ ( ! _w4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,imp]ial c\rt ,?r\gh all ! elaborate pret5ces devis$ by ,augu/us to obscure ! tru?1 ?r\gh all ! names & phrases & =malities1 ! ,roman _w _h realiz$ ! c5tral fact ( despotism4#b ,! ,emp]ors !mselves _h grasp$ x ) pride & t]ror4 ,"o at lea/ 0 insane1 & ! position 0 en\gh to turn almo/ any bra94 ,mon>*y1 9 ,h]odotus' qua9t s5t5ce1#c w\ld set ! be/ man outside ! ord9>y ?\ghts4 ,plato's my? ( ,gyges 0 fulfill$--( ! %eph]d1 :o f\nd a r+ t made him invisible1 & 9 its /r5g? s$uc$ a que51 murd]$ a k+ & became a tyrant4 ,gaius bani%$ 8 own si/]s1 rem9d+ !m t he own$ n only isl&s b swords2 & he bade 8 gr&mo!r rememb] t he c\ld d any?+ he lik$ & d x to anybody4#d ,ori5tal pr9ces _h be5 kept at ,rome z ho/ages & _h giv5 ! weak]-m9d$ memb]s ( ! ,imp]ial family new ideas ( royalty4 ,! v ^w 0 spok5 freely--9 8 treatise ,on ,clem5cy ,s5eca uses aga9 & aga9 ! ^w regnum )\t apology4 ,b :at gave ,despotism its /+ 0 its unc]ta9ty4 ,augu/us _h held a curi\sly complicat$ set ( special p[]s sev]ally conf]r$ on him = specifi$ p]iods1 & te*nically !y c\ld be tak5 f him4 ,! ,s5ate 0 ! ,emp]or's p>tn] 9 ! gov]nm5t ( ! _w1 & x 0 always conceivable t ! p>tn]%ip might cease1 = x 0 n a def9ite in/itution--pr9ce foll[$ pr9ce1 x is true1 b !re 0 an elem5t ( accid5t ab\t x all4 ,! situation 0 difficult2 ,s5ate & ,emp]or ey$ ea* o!r ) suspicion--nei!r knew h[ f> ! o!r c\ld g1 or w\ld g2 nei!r knew ! t]ms ( ! p>tn]%ip4 ,tib]ius wrote despat*es to ! ,s5ate & he 0 an arti/ 9 conceal+ 8 mean+4 ,! ,s5ate _h to guess :at he wi%$2 if x guess$ wrong1 he w\ld res5t ! lib]ty2 if x guess$ "r1 he res5t$ ! appe>ance ( s]vility4 ,! solitude ( ! ?rone grew m & m uneasy4 #ce ,aga91 ! republican gov]nm5t _h be5 9 ! h&s ( free m51 :o rul$ z magi/rates1 & ! imp]ial gov]nm5t _h no means ( replac+ !m1 = "o free-born ,roman c\ld n take s]vice ) ano!r4 ,! ,emp]or _h to fall back ^u 8 own h\sehold4 ,8 ,secret>ies ( ,/ate 7 slaves & fre$m5--m5 v (t5 ( great ability1 b _! pa/ 0 aga9/ !m4 ,if x _h n deprav$ !m1 none ! less x left ^u !m a social ta9t1 :i* no?+ c\ld remove4 ,!y 7 despis$ by ! m5 :o c\rt$ !m1 & !y knew x4 ,x 0 almo/ impossible = su* m5 n to be ! gangr5e ( c\rt & /ate4 ,& z a fact we f9d t ! fre$man 0 ?r\gh\t ! readie/ ag5t = all evil t ,rome knew1 & into ! h&s ( su* m5 ! gov]nm5t ( ! _w drift$4 ,"u a weak1 or a c>eless1 or ev5 an abs5t1 ,emp]or ,rome 0 gov]n$ by su* m5 & su* me?ods z we suppose to be peculi> to ,sultanates & ! ,ea/4 ,! hon\r1 ! prop]ty1 ! life ( e ,roman lay 9 ! h&s ( eunu*s & valets1 &1 z ^! qu>rell$ or made fri5ds1 ! =tunes ( an old nobility *ang$ ) ! h\r4 ,x _h n be5 s "u ,augu/us1 nor 0 x s "u ,vespasian1 nor "u ,trajan or 8 successors2 b = ! great] "p ( ! fir/ c5tury ,a4,d4 ,rome 0 gov]n$ by weak or vici\s ,emp]ors1 & !y by _! s]vants4 ,! spy & ! in=m] 7 ev]y:]e4 ,to ?is confusion fre% elem5ts ( unc]ta9ty 7 add$ by ! a/rolog] & ma!matician1 & x became treason to be int]e/$ 9 ! heal? ( ! pr9ce4 ,sup]/ition rul$ ! weakl+--sup]/ition1 p]petually re-in=c$ by fre% hordes ( ,ori5tals1 obsequi\s & unscrupul\s4 ,s5eca call$ ! imp]ial c\rt1 :i* he knew1 a gloomy slave-gaol 7tri/e erga/ulum74#e ,r$uc$ to m]ely regi/]+ ! wi%es ( _! rul]s1 ! ,roman nobility s\ght _! own safety 9 frivolity & extravagance4 ,to be ?\ghtful 0 to be suspect$ ( indep5d5ce & to invite dang]4 ,we naturally suppose morali/s & satiri/s to exagg]ate ! vices ( _! contempor>ies1 b a sob] survey ( ,roman morals 9 ! fir/ c5tury--at any rate be=e #gj ,a4,d4--reveals a great deal t #cf is horrible4 7,petronius is n exactly a morali/ or a satiri/1 & !re is pl5ty ( o!r evid5ce47 ,m>riage does n ?rive alongside ( t]ror1 nor yet :]e dome/ic slav]y prevails1 & 9 ,rome bo? militat$ aga9/ purity ( life4 ,! ,greek girl's beauty1 h] *>m & wit1 7 ev]y:]e available4 ,= amusem5ts1 !re 7 ! gladiatorial %[s1--brutal1 we und]/&1 b _! horrible fasc9ation we =tunately _c "k4 ,! read] ( ,/ ,augu/9e's ,confessions w rememb] a fam\s passage on ^! games4 ,! gladiators 7 ! popul> fav\rites ( ! day4 ,!y t\r$ ! c\ntry1 !y 7 modell$ & pa9t$4 ,_! names survive scrat*$ by loaf]s on ! walls ( ,pompeii4 ,! v *ildr5 play$ at be+ gladiators1 ,epictetus said--sometimes a?letes1 n[ monoma*i1 n[ trumpet]s4 ,! ,colosseum _h seats = #hj1jjj spectators ( ! games1 & is ev5 n[ at once ! mo/ impos+ & ! mo/ *>act]i/ic relic ( pagan ,rome4#f ,sid5ote3 ,despotism temp]$ by epigrams ,life 0 t]rible 9 its fe>s & 9 its pleasures4 ,if ! poets drew ,ages ( ,gold 9 ! latt] days ( ! ,republic1 n[ ! philosoph]s & hi/orians look$ away to a ,/ate ( ,nature1 to times & places :]e gre$ & civilization 7 unkn[n4 ,9 ^? happy days1 says ,s5eca1 !y enjoy$ ,nature 9 common2 ! /rong] _h n laid 8 h& ^u ! weak]2 weapons lay unus$1 & human h&s1 un/a9$ by human blood1 turn$ all ! hatr$ !y felt ^u ! wild bea/s2 !y knew quiet nights )\t a sigh1 :ile ! />s mov$ onw>d above !m & ! spl5did pageant ( ,night2 !y drank f ! /ream & knew no wat]-pipes1 & _! mead[s 7 beautiful )\t art2 _! home 0 ,nature & n t]rible2 :ile our abodes =m ! greate/ "p ( our t]ror4#g ,9 ,g]many1 writes ,tacitus1 ! m>riage-bond is /rict2 !re are no %[s to tempt virtue2 adult]y is r>e2 none !re makes a je/ ( vice1 nec corrump]e et corrumpi seculum vocatur2 none b virg9s m>ry & !y m>ry to be> big *ildr5 & to suckle !m1 s]a inv5um v5us eoque inexhau/a pub]tas2 & ! *ildr5 inh]it ! /urdy frames ( _! p>5ts4#h ,b :atev] _! dreams ( ! ,ideal1 ! actual 0 #cg ar\nd !m1 & m5 _h to accommodate !mselves to x4 ,9 ,france be=e ! ,revolution1 m5 spoke ( ! gov]nm5t z despotism temp]$ by epigrams1 & ! happy phrase is z true ( ,imp]ial ,rome4 ,v]ses ( unkn[n au?or%ip rea*$ ! public & provok$ ,tib]ius1#i :o compla9$ ( ! circles & d9n]-p>ties4 ,n[ & aga9 ! au?ors 7 discov]$ & 7 puni%$ suffici5tly4 ,! tone ( ! society t produc$ !m lives = ev] 9 ! ,annals ( ,tacitus4 ,x is wor? not+ h[ m5 & wom5 turn$ to ,tacitus & ,s5eca dur+ ! ,fr5* ,revolution & f\nd _! own exp]i5ce writt5 9 _! books4#aj ,o!rs unpack$ _! he>ts ) words 9 tyrannicide declamations & imitations ( ,greek trag$y4 ,juv5al laughs at ! cr[d$ class-room busy kill+ tyrants1--wait+ himself till !y 7 dead4 ,! trag$ies got ne>] ! m>k4 ,"h are a few l9es f "s ( ,s5eca's own3-- ,:o bids all pay "o p5alty ( dea? ,kn[s n a tyrant's trade4 ,nay1 v>y x-- ,=bid ! wret* to die1 & slay ! happy4 7,h4,f4 #eae47 ,& is !re none to tea* !m /eal? & s98 ,:y6 !n ! ?rone w6 7,?ye/es #cac47 ,let him :o s]ves a k+1 fl+ ju/ice =?1 ,s5d e scruple pack+ f 8 he>t2 ,%ame is no m9i/] to wait on k+s4 7,pha$ra #dcf47 ,b bitt]ness & epigram c\ld n heal2 & = heal+ & inw>d peace m5 long$ m & m1#aa z !y felt _! own weakness1 ! p[] ( evil & ! t]ror ( life2 & !y f\nd bo? 9 a philosophy t _h orig9ally come into be+ "u circum/ances some:at simil>4 ,!y ne$$ "s f\ndation = life1 "s means ( l9k+ ! individual to some?+ t c\ld n be %ak51 & ?is !y f\nd 9 ,/oicism4 ,! ,/oic philosoph] saw a unity 9 ?is _w ( confusion--x 0 ! ,g5]ative ,reason--! sp]matikos logos1 ! ,div9e ,^w1 or ,reason1 t is ! se$ & vital pr9ciple1 :5ce all ?+s come & 9 virtue ( :i* !y #ch live4 ,all ?+s came f fi]y brea?1 pneuma diapuron1 & return$ to x4 ,! :ole univ]se 0 "o polity--politeia t\ kosm\--9 virtue ( ! _s t 0 its orig9 & its life1 ( ! common end to :i* x t5d$1 ( ! absolute & univ]sal scope ( ! laws x obey$--m9d1 matt]1 ,god1 man1 =m$ "o community4 ,! s\l ( ! individual ,roman p>took ( ! v nature ( ,god--div9ae p>ticula aurae#ab--;& 9 a way /ood ne>] to ! div9e ?an did any?+ else 9 ! _w1 e detail ( :i*1 h[ev]1 0 "s manife/ation ( ! same div9e ess5ce4 ,all m5 7 9 tru? ( "o blood1 ( "o family1--all & ea*1 z ,s5eca says1 sacr$ to ea* & all4#ac 7,unum me donavit sc4 ,natura r]um omnibus1 uni mihi omnes47 ,sid5ote3 ,h>mony ) nature ,taught by ! ,/oic1 ! tr\bl$ ,roman look$ ^u himself at once z a fragm5t ( div9ity1#ad an entity self-consci\s & individual1 & z a memb] ( a div9e sy/em expressive ( "o div9e idea1 :i* 8 individuality subs]v$4 ,^! ?\ghts gave him gr\nd & /r5g?4 ,if he seem$ to be ! slave & play?+ ( an ,emp]or or an imp]ial fre$man1 none ! less a div9e life puls$ )9 him1 & he 0 an ess5tial "p ( ! _w4 ,he _h two hav5s ( refuge--! univ]se & 8 own s\l--bo? q beyond ! rea* ( ! oppressor4 ,ov] & ov] we f9d bo? notes s\nd$ 9 ! writ+s ( ! ,/oics & _! foll[]s--,god )9 y & ,god )\t y4 ,jupit] is all t y see1 & all t lives )9 y4#ae ,!re is a ,provid5ce t rules human & all o!r affairs2 no?+ happ5s t is n appo9t$2 & to ?is ,provid5ce e man is relat$4 ,he :o has once obs]v$ ) und]/&+ ! adm9i/ration ( ! _w1 & le>nt t ! greate/ & supreme & mo/ compreh5sive community is ! sy/em 7sy/ema7 ( m5 & ,god1 & t f ,god come ! se$s :5ce all ?+s1 & especially rational be+s1 spr+1 :y %\ld n t man call himself a citiz5 ( ! _w ,socrates' ^w kosmios1 :y n a son ( ,god8#af ,& :5 we consid] ! individual1 we f9d t ,god #ci has put 9 8 p[] ! be/ ?+ ( all1 ! ma/] ?+--! rational faculty4 ,:at is n 9 our p[] is ! entire ext]nal _w1 ( :i* we c alt] no?+1 b ! use we make ( x & its appe>ances#ag is our own4 ,conf9e y\rself to :at is 9 y\r p[] 7ta epi soi71 & no man c hurt y4 ,if y c no long] endure life1 leave x2 b rememb] 9 do+ s to )draw quietly1 n at a run2 yet1 says ! sage1 ,m56 wait = ,god2 :5 ,he %all give y ! signal & release y f ?is s]vice1 !n g to ,him2 b = ! pres5t endure to dwell 9 ?is place :]e ,he has set y4#ah ,to sum up2 ! end ( man's be+ & 8 true happ9ess is :at ,z5o express$ z liv+ h>moni\sly1 a /atem5t :i* ,clean!s develop$ by add+ ! words ) ,nature4 ,h>mony ) ,nature & ) oneself is ! ideal life2 & ?is ! outside _w ( ,emp]ors1 fre$m51 b]eavem5ts & accid5ts g5]ally1 c nei!r give nor take away4 ,! end1 says ,diog5es ,la]tius1 is to act 9 con=mity ) nature1 t is1 at once ) ! nature :i* is 9 u & ) ! nature ( ! univ]se1 do+ no?+ =bidd5 by t common law :i* is ! "r reason t p]vades all ?+s1 & :i* is1 inde$1 ! same 9 ! ,div9e ,be+ :o adm9i/]s ! univ]sal sy/em ( ?+s4 ,?us ! life accord+ to nature is t virtu\s & bless$ fl[ ( exi/5ce1 :i* is enjoy$ only by "o :o always acts s z to ma9ta9 ! h>mony betwe5 ! daemon 7daimon7 )9 ! individual & ! w ( ! p[] t ord]s ! univ]se4#ai ,?is 0 inde$ a philosophy = m51 & x 0 also cong5ial to ,roman "*1 z hi/ory _h already %[n4 ,x appeal$ to manhood1 & :atev] else has to be said ( ,/oics & ,/oicism1 x rema9s ! fact t ,/oicism inspir$ ne>ly all ! great *>act]s ( ! e>ly ,roman ,empire1 & n]v$ almo/ e attempt t 0 made to ma9ta9 ! fre$om & dignity ( ! human s\l4#bj ,! gov]nm5t 0 n sl[ to realise ! dang] ( m5 ) su* a tru/ 9 !mselves & s free f fe>4 ,on pap]1 p]haps1 all religions & philosophies may at fir/ glance seem equally good1 & x is n till we te/ !m 9 life #dj t we c value !m aright4 ,& ev5 "h !re is a wide field = error4 ,e religion has its sa9ts--m5 recognizable to ev]yone z sa9ts 9 ! beauty1 manhood & t5d]ness ( _! "*--& x is p]haps humiliat+ to h to ackn[l$ge t v (t5 !y seem to be s ?r\gh "s happy gift ( ,nature1 q indep5d5tly ( any ef=t !y make1 or ( ! religion to :i* !y !mselves g5]ally attribute any?+ t r$eems !m f be+ base4 ,we h to take1 if possible1 l>ge masses ( m51 & to see h[ !y are affect$ by ! religion :i* we wi% to /udy--av]age m51 z we call !m--= 9 ?is way we %all escape be+ l$ to ha/y conclusions by happy in/ances ( natural end[m5t1 or ( virtues c>efully acquir$ 9 fav\rable circum/ances ( retirem5t or helpful environm5t4 ,side by side ) su* results z we may rea* f wid] /udy1 we h to set our sa9ts & h]oes1 = :ile ,/ ,francis w\ld h be5 t5d] & ,?rasea brave "u any sy/em ( ?\ght1 x rema9s t ! "o 0 ,*ri/ian & ! o!r ,/oic4 ,we ne$ ! individual1 if we are to avoid m]e r\gh g5]alities2 b we mu/ be sure t he is repres5tative 9 "s way ( ! class & ! sy/em "u review4 ,z repres5tatives ( ! ,/oicism ( ! e>ly ,roman ,empire1 two m5 /& out conspicu\s--m5 ^: *>act]s may be kn[n ) a high degree ( intimacy4 ,! "o 0 a ,roman /atesman1 fam\s above all o!rs 9 8 age1 & a man ( lett]s--"o ( ^? writ]s :o reveal !mselves 9 e s5t5ce !y write & seem to leave records ( e mood !y h kn[n4 ,! o!r 0 an emancipat$ slave1 :o liv$ at ,nicopolis 9 ,epirus1 away f ! ma9 *annels ( life1 :o wrote no?+1 b ^: conv]sations or monologues 7 fai?fully record$ by a disciple4 ,notable ,s5eca1 writes ,c>lyle1 s wi/fully desir\s to /& well ) ,tru? & yet n ill ) ,n]o1 is & rema9s only our p]haps nicelie/ proportion$ half-&-half1 ! plausible/ ,plausible on record2 no great man1 no true man1 no man at all444 '! fa!r ( all su* z we> %ovel-hats4' ,?is 0 9 ! essay on ,did]ot writt5 9 #ahcc2 & we f9d 9 8 di>y = #aj? ,augu/ #ahcb1 :5 ,c>lyle 0 fre% f read+ ,s5eca1 an e>li] judgm5t to mu* ! same effect--,he is fa!r ( all t "w 9 s5tim5tality1 &1 by f9e speak+ #da & dec5t behavi\r1 /udy to s]ve ,god & mammon1 to /& well ) philosophy & n ill ) ,n]o4 ,8 =ce _h mo/ly ooz$ out ( him1 or corrupt$ itself into b5evol5ce1 virtue1 s5sibility4 ,oh6 ! ev]la/+ clatt] ab\t virtue6 virtue66 ,9 ! ,devil's "n be virtu\s & no m ab\t x4 ,ev5 9 8 mo/ "o-sid$ judgm5ts ,c>lyle is apt to speak tru?1 ?\gh x is well to rememb] t he himself said t little is to be le>nt ( a man by dwell+ only or ma9ly on 8 faults4 ,t :at he says 9 ^! passages is 9 "s degree true1 e c&id read] mu/ admit2 b if he _h writt5 an essay in/ead ( a p>agraph we %\ld h se5 t a great deal m is true ( ,s5eca4 ,z x is1 we mu/ take :at ,c>lyle says z repres5t+ a judgm5t :i* has (t5 be5 pass$ ^u ,s5eca1 ?\gh seldom 9 su* picturesque t]ms4 ,x is 9 any case tru] ?an ,momms5's description ( ,cic]o4 ,sid5ote3 ,s5eca's e>ly life ,s5eca 0 born at ,cordova 9 ,spa9 ab\t ! ,*ri/ian era--c]ta9ly n long be=e x4 ,8 fa!r 0 a ri* man ( eque/rian rank1 a rhetorician1 :o has left sev]al volumes ( rhetorical compositions on imag9>y cases4 ,he hat$ philosophy1 8 son tells u4#ba ,s5eca's "m seems to h be5 a good woman1 & n ! only "o 9 ! family2 = 8 y\? 0 delicate & ow$ mu* to ! c>e ( a good aunt at ,rome2 & 8 lat] ye>s 7 sp5t ) a good wife ,pompeia ,paul9a1 :o bore him two little %ort-liv$ boys4 ,9 "o ( 8 lett]s 7#ajh7 ,s5eca tells u ( 8 e>ly life 9 ,rome4 ,he w5t to ! lectures ( ,attalus1 a ,/oic tea*]1 :o laid great /ress on simplicity ( life & indep5d5ce ( "* & 0 also int]e/$ 9 sup]/ition & soo?say+4 ,! pupil 0 a high-m9d$ & s5sitive y\?1 quick !n1 z he rema9$ ?r\gh life1 to take fire at an idea4#bb ,i us$ to be ! fir/ to come & ! la/ to g2 & z he walk$ ,i w\ld lead him on to fur!r discussions1 = he 0 n only ready = ^? :o w\ld le>n1 b he w\ld meet !m4 ,:5 ,i he>d ,attalus declaim aga9/ ! vices1 errors & evils ( life1 ,i w\ld (t5 pity mank9d2 & z = him ,i ?\ght ( him z "o on high1 f> above human nature's highe/4 ,he himself us$ to say he 0 a k+ a ,/oic #db p>adox at :i* ,horace _h laugh$2 b he seem$ to me m ?an k+1--! judge ( k+s4 ,:5 he began to comm5d pov]ty1 & to %[ t :atev] is m ?an ne$ requires1 is a useless burd5 to him t has x1 ,i (t5 long$ to leave ! room a poor man4 ,:5 he attack$ our pleasures & prais$ ! *a/e body1 ! sob] table1 ! pure m9d1 ,i delight$ to refra91 n m]ely f unlawful pleasures1 b f ne$less ones too4 ,"s ( x has /uck by me1 ,lucilius1 = ,i made a good beg9n+4 ,all 8 life long1 9 fact1 he avoid$ ! luxuries ( table & ba?1 & drank wat]4 ,he cont9ues1 ,s9ce ,i h begun to tell y h[ mu* m ke5ly ,i began philosophy 9 my y\? ?an ,i p]sev]e ) x 9 my old age1 ,i am n a%am$ to own :at love ( ,py?agoras ,sotion wak$ 9 me4 ,sotion recomm5d$ veget>ianism on ! gr\nds :i* ,py?agoras _h laid d[n4 ,b y d n believe1 he said1 t s\ls are allott$ to "o body aft] ano!r1 & t :at we call dea? is transmigration8 ,y don't believe t 9 bea/s & fi%es dwells ! m9d 7animum7 t 0 once a man's8 444 ,great m5 h believ$ x2 s ma9ta9 y\r own op9ion1 b keep ! matt] op54 ,if x is true1 !n to h ab/a9$ f animal food w be innoc5ce2 if x is false1 x w /ill be frugality4#bc ,s = a ye> ,s5eca 0 a veget>ian ) "s satisfaction & he fanci$ t 8 m9d 0 liveli] ?an :5 he 0 an eat] ( beef4#bd ,x is z well n to quote "s contempor>y me?ods ( prep>+ meat4#be ,h[ev]1 aft] a :ile "s sc&al arose ab\t =eign religions1 & veget>ianism 0 c\nt$ a pro( ( sup]/ition1 & ! old rhetorician1 m f dislike ( philosophy ?an f fe> ( calumny1 made x an excuse to put a little pressure on 8 philosophic son1 :o ob$i5tly gave up ! practice4 ,su* is ! ard\r ( y\?1 he concludes1--a good tea*] f9ds ideali/s ready to 8 h&4 ,! fault is p>tly 9 ! tea*]s1 :o tra9 u to argue & n to live1 & p>tly 9 ! pupils too1 ^: aim is to h ! wits tra9$ & n ! m9d4 ,s :at 0 philosophy becomes philology--! love ( words4#bf ,!re is a c]ta9 gaiety & good hum\r ab\t ^! #dc confessions1 :i* is closely b\nd up ) t air ( tol]ance & t s5se ( buoyant ease#bg :i* p]vade all 8 "w4 ,"h ! tone is 9 keep+ ) ! matt] 9 h&1 b x is n always4 ,ev]y?+ seems s easy to him t ! read] beg9s to d\bt him & to wond] :e!r he is n aft] all ,! plausible/ ,plausible on record4 ,we associate exp]i5ce ) a /yle m pla91 m t5se1 m inevitable2 & ! extraord9>y buoyancy ( ,s5eca's writ+ sugge/s t he c h>dly h kn[n ! agony & bloody sweat ( ! true tea*]4 ,yet "u ! easy phrases !re lay a real s9c]ity4 ,f 8 y\? onw>d he took life s]i\sly1 &1 s f> z is possible = a man ( easy good nature1 he 0 9 e>ne/ ) himself4 ,l o!r y\?s ( g5ius1 he _h _h ?\ghts ( suicide1 b on reflexion1 he tells u1 he decid$ to live1 & 8 reason 0 *>act]i/ic4 ,:ile = himself he felt equal to dy+ bravely1 he 0 n s sure t 8 k9d old fa!r w\ld be q s brave 9 do+ )\t him4 ,x 0 to philosophy1 he says1 t he ow$ 8 resolution4#bh ,ap>t f philosophy1 he w5t ?r\gh ! ord9>y c\rse ( ,roman education4 ,he wa/$ "t on ! gramm>ians1#bi :om he nev] =gave1 & at :om1 z gu>dians ( ,lat9 spee*#cj he lov$ to je/1--& ! greate/ ( all ,roman ,gramm>ians paid him back 9 ! famili> /yle ( ! p$agogue4 ,rhetoric came to him no d\bt by nature1 c]ta9ly by environm5t2 x conspicu\sly haunt$ 8 family = ?ree g5]ations4#ca ,he duly made 8 appe>ance at ! b>--mak+ m spee*es !re ?an ,virgil did1 & p]haps n dislik+ x s mu*4 ,b he did n l x1 &1 :5 8 fa!r di$1 he ceas$ to appe>1 & by & by f\nd t he _h lo/ ! p[] to plead z he _h long be=e lo/ ! wi%4#cb ,on ! accession ( ,claudius to ! ,imp]ial ?rone 9 #da ,a4,d41 ,s5eca1 n[ 9 middle life1 0 = "s reason bani%$ to ,corsica1 & !re = eight we>y ye>s he rema9$1 till ! ,empress ,messal9a fell4 ,a little treatise1 :i* he wrote #dd to console 8 "m1 survives--c\*$ 9 ! rhetoric %e knew s well4 ,if ! language is m magnific5t ?an sons usually address to _! mo!rs1 x mu/ be rememb]$ t he wrote to console h] = mis=tunes :i* he 0 himself endur+4 ,! famili> maxim t ! m9d c make itself happy & at home any:]e is r l a platitude1 b x loses some?+ ( t "* :5 x comes f ! lips ( a man actually 9 exile4 ,ano!r little "w on ! subject1 :i* he address$ lat] on to ,polybius1 ! fre$man ( ,claudius1 /&s on a diff]5t foot+1 & 8 admir]s c\ld wi% he _h n writt5 x4 ,!re is flatt]y 9 x ( a pa9fully cr++ tone4 ,! ,emp]or did n hurl him d[n s utt]ly z nev] to raise him aga92 r he support$ him :5 evil =tune smote him & he tott]$2 he g5tly us$ 8 godlike h& to su/a9 him & plead$ ) ! ,s5ate to sp>e 8 life4444 ,he w see to 8 cause4444 ,he be/ kn[s ! "t at :i* to %[ fav\r4444 ,"u ! clem5cy ( ,claudius1 exiles live m peacefully ?an pr9ces did "u ,gaius4#cc ,b a little is en\gh ( ?is4 ,x is cle> t ,s5eca 0 n :at we call a /rong man4 ,a fragile y\?1 a _s ( great delicacy & s5sibility1 7 no outfit = exile4 ,nor is x v easy to und]/& :at exile 0 to ! educat$ ,roman4 ,"s 7 conf9$ to m]e rocks1 to g r\nd & r\nd !m = ev] & nev] leave !m4 ,s5eca _h ( c\rse m space1 b :at he endur$1 we may 9 "s measure div9e f ! di>ies & n>ratives t tell ( ,napoleon's life on ,/ ,hel5a4 ,! seclusion f ! _w1 ! n>r[ range1 ! limit$ numb] ( faces1 ! r$ coats1 ! abhorr$ monotony1 told heavily on e temp]1 on gaol] & prison] alike1 ev5 on ,napoleon2 & ,s5eca's temp]am5t 0 n ( /uff s /]n4 ,we may wi% he _h n brok5 d[n1 b we _c be surpris$ t he did4 ,x 0 human ( him4 ,p]haps ! memory ( 8 own weakness & failure contribut$ to make him ! mo/ sympa!tic & ! lea/ arrogant ( all ,/oics4 ,sid5ote3 ,n]o ,at la/ ,messal9a rea*$ h] end1 & ! new ,empress1 ,agripp9a1 recall$ ! exile 9 #di ,a4,d41 & made him tutor ( h] son1 ,n]o2 & f n[ till )9 two ye>s ( 8 dea? ,s5eca liv$ 9 ! circle ( ! "y pr9ce4 ,:5 ,claudius di$ 9 #ed1 ,s5eca & ,burrus became ! gu>dians ( ! #de ,emp]or & virtually rul$ ! ,empire4 ,x 0 a position ( great difficulty4 ,s5eca grew to be imm5sely ri*1 & 8 weal? & 8 palaces & g>d5s#cd weak5$ 8 influ5ce1 :ile !y int5sifi$ ! jeal\sy felt = a m9i/] s p[]ful4 ,yet p]haps none ( 8 detractors guess$ ! limits ( 8 p[] z surely z he came to feel !m himself4 ,"s measure ( ! situation may be tak5 f :at befell :5 ! fre$woman ,claudia ,acte became ! mi/ress ( ,n]o4 ,8 old] fri5ds did n ?w>t him1 says ,tacitus1 = "h 0 a girl1 :o1 )\t h>m to anyone1 gratifi$ 8 desires1 s9ce he 0 utt]ly e/rang$ f 8 wife ,octavia4#ce ,lat] on1 we le>n1 ,s5eca _h to avail himself ( ,acte's aid to prev5t worse sc&als4 ,9 ,febru>y #ee ,a4,d4 ! "y pr9ce ,britannicus 0 poison$ at ,n]o's table4 ,he 0 ! son ( ,claudius & ! bro!r ( ,octavia--a possible claimant !re=e to ! ,imp]ial ?rone4 ,n]o1 n m ?an eighte5 ye>s old1 told ! company q coolly t x 0 an epileptic seizure1 & ! fea/ w5t on1 :ile ! dead boy 0 c>ri$ out & buri$ !re & !n 9 ! ra9--9 a grave prep>$ be=e he _h ent]$ ! d9+-hall4#cf ,t5 mon?s lat] ,s5eca wrote 8 tractate on ,clem5cy4 ,n]o %\ld ask himself ,am ,i ! elect$ ( ! gods to be _! vice-g]5t on e>?8 ,! arbit] ( life & dea? to ! nations8 & s =?4 ,he is g5tly rem9d$ ( ! great light t fronts ! ?rone2 t 8 ang] w\ld be z disa/r\s z w>2 t ,k+s ga9 f k9dness a great] security1 :ile _! cruelty swells ! numb] ( _! enemies4 ,s5eca w&]s a good deal1 b 8 drift is cle>--& ! wret*$ness ( 8 position4 ,t ,burrus & he _h no k ( ,n]o's design to d away ) 8 "m1 is ! v]dict ( ,n]o's late/ hi/orian1 b to ,s5eca fell ! horrible task ( writ+ ! explanatory lett] :i* ,n]o s5t to ! ,s5ate :5 ! murd] 0 done4 ,p]haps to judge him fairly1 "o w\ld ne$ to h be5 a ,prime ,m9i/]4 ,x may h be5 a necess>y ?+ to d1 9 ord] to ma9ta9 ! _w's gov]nm5t1 b ! lett] impos$ on nobody1 & ,?rasea ,paetus at once rose f 8 seat & walk$ conspicu\sly out4 ,f ! ye> #ei ,n]o 0 m ?an ev] 8 own ma/]4 #df ,8 gu>dians' repeat$ condonations _h set him free1 & ! lad1 :o _h wi%$ he _h nev] le>n$ writ+ :5 he _h to sign 8 fir/ dea?-w>rant1 began f n[ to build up t evil fame = :i* ! murd]s ( 8 bro!r & 8 "m 7 only ! f\ndation4 ,= ?ree ye>s ,s5eca & ,burrus kept _! places--mis]ably en\gh4 ,!n ,burrus f\nd a happy release 9 dea?1 & ) him di$ ! la/ ( ,s5eca's influ5ce4#cg ,s5eca begg$ ! ,emp]or's leave to retire f ! ,c\rt1 (f]+ him ! great] "p ( 8 weal?1 & x 0 refus$4 ,x _h long be5 ^u 8 m9d t he 0 too ri*4 ,9 #eh a furi\s attack 0 made ^u him by "o :o _h e>n$ ! hate ( _m1 ,publius ,suillius2 ?is man ask$ 9 ! ,s5ate by :at k9d ( wisdom or maxims ( philosophy ,s5eca _h amass$ 9 f\r ye>s a =tune equal to two & a half millions /]l+2 & he w5t on to accuse him ( intrigue ) pr9cesses1 ( hunt+ = legacies1 & ( dra9+ ,italy & ! prov9ces by b\ndless usury4#ch ,!re 0 probably a good deal ( inf]5ce 9 ^! *>ges1 if "o may judge by ! c>elessness ( evid5ce :i* su* m5 %[ 9 all ages4 ,/ill ,s5eca felt ! taunt1 & 9 a book ,on ! ,happy ,life1 address$ to 8 bro!r ,gallic1 he dealt ) ! *>ge4 ,he did n claim to be a sage 7#ag1 #c72 8 only hope 0 day by day to less5 8 vices--he 0 /ill 9 ! ?ick ( !m2 p]haps he might n rea* wisdom1 b he w\ld at lea/ live = mank9d z "o born = o!rs1#ci w\ld d no?+ = glory1 & all = consci5ce1 w\ld be g5tle & accessible ev5 to 8 foes2 z = weal?1 x gave a wise man m opportunity1 b if 8 ri*es des]t$ him1 !y w\ld take no?+ else ) !m2 a philosoph] might h weal?1 if x be tak5 =cibly f no man1 /a9$ ) no man's blood1 won by no wrong done to any1 ga9$ )\t di%on\r2 if its sp5d+ be z hone/ z its gett+1 if x wake no envy b 9 ! envi\s4#dj ,! treatise has a sugge/ion ( excitem5t1 & !re is a good deal ( rhetoric 9 x4 ,n[ he propos$ to ! ,emp]or to put 8 words into action1 & ,n]o w\ld n p]mit him--he 0 n ready = ! odium ( despoil+ 8 gu>dian1 & ! old man's "n might /ill be ( use to cov] de$s 9 :i* he _h no %>e4 ,s5eca 0 n to resign 8 #dg weal? nor to leave ,rome4 ,n]o's words z giv5 by ,tacitus are pleasant en\gh1 b we h>dly ne$ to be told _! value4#da ,sid5ote3 ,s5eca's la/ days ,x 0 m]ely a res]vation ( ! dea? s5t5ce1 & ,s5eca mu/ h kn[n x4 ,! only ?+ n[ 0 to wait till he %\ld receive ! ord] to die1 & ,s5eca occupi$ ! "t 9 writ+4 ,if :at he wrote has a flu%$ & excit$ air1 x is n surpris+4 ,! unc]ta9ty ( 8 position _h prey$ ^u him :ile he 0 /ill ,m9i/]--!re are _m1 he _h writt51 :o mu/ hold fa/ to _! dizzy height2 x is only by fall+ t !y c leave x4#db ,he _h fall51 & /ill he _h to live 9 unc]ta9ty2 he _h always be5 a n]v\s man4 ,! end came 9 #fe1 9 connexion ) ! conspiracy ( ,piso4 ,tacitus is n altoge!r di/9ct z to ! implication ( ,s5eca 9 ?is plot1 b mod]n hi/orians h incl9$ to believe 9 8 guilt--if guilt x 04#dc ,mr ,h5d]son1 9 p>ticul>1 is v sev]e on him = ?is want ( gratitude to 8 b5efactor & pupil1 b x is difficult to see :at ,n]o _h done = him t he w\ld n h pref]r$ undone4#dd ,p]haps at ! "t1 & c]ta9ly lat] on1 ,s5eca 0 reg>d$ z a possible sub/itute = ,n]o ^u ! ?rone2#de b he 0 well ov] sixty & frail1 nor is x cle> t ! _w _h yet decid$ t a man c\ld be ,emp]or )\t be+ a memb] ( ! ,julian or ,claudian h\se4 ,s5eca1 9 fact any man1 mu/ h felt t any "o w\ld be bett] ?an ,n]o1 b he _h himself conspicu\sly left ! _w1 &1 ) 8 wife1 0 liv+ ! philosophic life--a veget>ian aga91 & /ill a wat]-dr9k]4#df ,s5eca 0 ready = ! dea?-summons & at once op5$ 8 ve9s4 ,dea? came sl[ly1 b x came2 & he di$1 eloqu5t to ! la/--novissimo quoque mom5ta supp$itante eloqu5tia4 ,su* is ! /ory ( ,s5eca4 ,ev5 9 b>e outl9e x %[s some?+ ( 8 "*--8 k9dl9ess & s5sibility1 8 weakness & vanity2 b !re are o!r features reveal$ 9 8 books & 8 _m long lett]s to ,lucilius4 ,no ,roman1 p]haps1 ev] laid m /ress on ! duty ( g5tl5ess & =giv5ess4#dg ,look at ! ,city ( ,rome1 he says1 & ! #dh cr[ds unceas+ly p\r+ ?r\gh its broad /reets--:at a solitude1 :at a wild]ness x w\ld be1 7 none left b :om a /rict judge w\ld acquit4 ,we h all done wrong 7peccavimus71 "s 9 great] measure1 "s 9 less1 "s on purpose1 "s by accid5t1 "s by ! fault ( o!rs2 we h n /ood bravely en\gh by our good resolutions2 despite our w & our resi/ance1 we h lo/ our innoc5ce4 ,nor is x only t we h act$ amiss2 we %all d s to ! end4#dh ,he is anxi\s to make ,/oicism available = 8 fri5ds2 he tones d[n its gratuit\s h>%ness1 accommodates1 conciliates4 ,he kn[s :at consci5ce is2 he is recogniz$ z a ma/] 9 deal+ ) ! m9d at v>iance ) itself1 s skilfully does he analyse & lay b>e its mis*iefs4 ,p]haps he analyses too mu*--! angel1 :o bade ,h]mas cease to ask conc]n+ s9s & ask ( righte\sness1 might well h giv5 him a ^w4 ,b he is always t5d] ) ! man to :om he is writ+4 ,if he 01 z ,qu9tilian sugge/s1 a spl5did assailant ( ! faults ( m51 x is ! faults ( ! unnam$ t he assails2 8 fri5ds' faults sugge/ 8 own1 & he pleads & sympa?izes4 ,8 /yle corresponds ) ! _s 9 :i* he ?9ks4 ,y compla91 he writes to ,lucilius1 t my lett]s are n v f9i%$ 9 /yle4 ,:o talks 9 a f9i%$ /yle unless he wi%es to be affect$8 ,:at my talk w\ld be1 if we 7 sitt+ or walk+ toge!r1 unlab\r$ & easy1 t is :at ,i wi% my lett]s to be1 )\t any?+ preci\s or artificial 9 !m4#di ,& he has 9 measure succe$$ 9 giv+ ! air ( talk to 8 writ+--its ease1 its gaiety1 ev5 its rambl+ & discursiv5ess4 ,he always sees ! fri5d to :om he writes1 & talks to him--sometimes at him--& n )\t "s sugge/ion ( ge/iculation4 ,he mu/ h talk$ well--?\gh "o imag9es t1 l ,col]idge on ,highgate ,hill1 he probably pref]r$ ! li/5] :o sat l a passive bucket to be pump$ into4 ,happily ! read] is n oblig$ to be q s passive4 ,b we %all n d him ju/ice if we d n recognize 8 high "*4 ,9 an age :5 x 0 usual to *>ge e "o ) f\lness1 natural & unnatural1 ,dio ,cassius alone among writ]s sugge/s x ( ,s5eca2 &1 q ap>t f 8 p>ticul> bias 9 ?is case1 ,dio is n a high au?ority1--m #di especially z he belong$ to a mu* lat] g5]ation4 ,if 8 talk is ( virtue6 virtue6 ,s5eca's life 0 delib]ately direct$ to virtue4 ,9 ! mid/ ( ,roman society1 & set 9 ! highe/ place b "o 9 ! _w1 he /ill *]i%$ ideals1 & practis$ self-discipl9e1 daily self-exam9ation4 ,?is is ! "o goal ( my days & ( my nights3 ?is is my task1 my ?\ght--to put an end to my old faults4#ej ,8 :ole philosophy is practical1 & direct$ to ! re=mation ( morals4 ,! ,/oic p>adoxes1 & ) !m e "p ( philosophy :i* has no imm$iate be>+ ^u conduct1 he ?rew aside4 ,8 language on ! accumulation ( books recalls ! amusem5t ( ,/ ,francis at ! idea ( possess+ a brevi>y4 ,& fur!r1 we may note t :atev] be *>g$ aga9/ him z a /atesman1 n 8 own ma/]1 & z a writ]1 n always q 9 control ( 8 rhetoric1 ,s5eca 0 fundam5tally tru?ful ) himself4 ,he nev] hid 8 own weakness2 he nev] conceal$ f himself ! difficulty ( 8 ideals2 he nev] tri$ to delude himself ) :at he c\ld n believe4 ,! ,/oics _h begun long s9ce to make t]ms ) popul> religion1 b ,s5eca is entirely free f delusions z to ! gods ( popul> belief4 ,he saw cle>ly en\gh t !re 0 no tru? 9 !m1 & he nev] s\ght help f any?+ b ! real4 ,he is a man1 tra9$ 9 ! _w1#ea 9 t\* ) its problems ( gov]nm5t1 ) ! individual & 8 que/ions ( "*1 dea? & et]nity1--a man t5d]1 pure & true--too great a man to take ! purely negative /& ( ,?rasea1 or to practise ! virtue ( ! s*ools 9 arrogant indol5ce4 ,b he has h>dly rea*$ ! inn] peace :i* he s\ght4 ,! /ory ( ,epictetus c be m briefly told1 = !re is v little to tell4#eb ,he 0 born at ,hi]apolis 9 ,phrygia3--he 0 ! slave ( ,n]o's fre$man ,epaphroditus1 & someh[ manag$ to he> ! lectures ( ! ,/oic ,musonius4 ,ev5tually he 0 set free1 & :5 ,domitian expell$ ! philosoph]s f ,rome1 he w5t to ,nicopolis 9 ,epirus1#ec :]e he liv$ & taught--lame1 neat1 poor & old4 ,h[ #ej he taught is to be se5 9 ! disc\rses :i* ,arrian took d[n 9 ! reign ( ,trajan1--,:atev] ,i he>d him say1 ,i tri$ to write d[n exactly1 & 9 8 v words z f> z ,i c\ld--to keep !m z memorials = myself ( 8 m9d & ( 8 outspok5ness4 ,s !y are1 z y w\ld expect1 v mu* :at a man w\ld say to ano!r on ! spur ( ! mom5t--n :at he w\ld write = o!rs to read aft]w>ds4444 ,8 sole aim 9 speak+ 0 to move ! m9ds ( 8 he>]s to ! be/ ?+s4 ,if !n ^! disc\rses %\ld a*ieve ?is1 !y w\ld h ! effect :i* ,i ?9k a philosoph]'s words %\ld h4 ,b if !y d n1 let my read]s "k t1 :5 he spoke !m1 ! he>] c\ld n avoid be+ affect$ z ,epictetus wi%$ him to be4 ,if ! disc\rses d n a*ieve ?is1 p]haps x w be my fault1 or p]haps x may be inevitable4 ,f>ewell4 ,sid5ote3 ,epictetus on *ildr5 & wom5 ,su*1 save = a s5t5ce or two omitt$1 is ,arrian's preface1--!reaft] no voice is he>d b t ( ,epictetus4 ,to place1 "t or p]sons pres5t ! b>e/ allusions only are made4 ,someone said 444 ,& ,epictetus spoke4 ,! f\r books ( ,arrian give a /rong impression ( fidelity4 ,we he> ! tones ( ! old man1 & c recognize ! m9d & ! outspok5ness1 :i* ,arrian *]i%$ 9 memory--we und]/& :y1 z we read4 ,! high moral s5se ( ! tea*]1 8 bur/s ( eloqu5ce1 8 %rewdness1 8 abrupt turns ( spee*1 8 apo/rophes--,slave6 he cries1 z he addresses ! weakl+--8 dim9utives ( d]ision1 produce ! mo/ lively s5se ( a p]sonality4 ,!re is wit1 too1 b l ,/oic wit 9 g5]al x is h>d & n v sympa!tic2 x has no?+ ( ! *>m & delicacy ( ,plato's hum\r1 nor ( its k9dl9ess4 ,"h & !re are words & ?\ghts :i* tell ( 8 life4 ,m ?an once he alludes to 8 age & 8 lam5ess--,a lame old man l me4 ,b p]haps n[h]e 9 lit]ature are !re words t speak s l\d ( a man )\t exp]i5ce ( woman or *ild4 ,on a voyage1 he says1 :5 ! %ip calls at a port & y g a%ore = wat]1 x amuses y to pick up a %ell or a plant by ! way2 b y\r ?\ghts ought to be direct$ to ! %ip1 & y mu/ wat* le/ ! capta9 call1 & !n y mu/ ?r[ away all ^? ?+s1 t y may n be flung abo>d1 ti$ l ! %eep4 ,s 9 life1 suppose #ea t in/ead ( "s little %ell or plant1 y are giv5 some?+ 9 ! way ( wife or *ild 7anti bolb>i\ kai ko*lidi\ gynaik>ion kai paidion7 no?+ ne$ h9d]4 ,b1 if ! capta9 call1 run to ! %ip lett+ !m all g & nev] look+ r\nd4 ,if y are old1 d n ev5 g f> f ! %ip1 le/ y fail to come :5 call$4#ed ,he bids a man endure hung]2 he c only die ( x4 ,b my wife & *ildr5 also suff] hung]1 7ohi emoi pe9e\si74 ,:at !n8 does _! hung] lead to any o!r place8 ,is !re n = !m ! same desc5t1 :]ev] x lead8 ,bel[1 is x n ! same = !m z = y8#ee ,if y are kiss+ y\r *ild1 or bro!r1 or fri5d1 nev] give full lic5ce to ! appe>ance 7t5 phantasian72 *eck y\r pleasure 444 rem9d y\rself t y love a mortal ?+1 a ?+ t is n y\r own 7oud5 ton saut\74444 ,:at h>m does x d to :isp]1 z y kiss ! *ild1 ',to-morr[ y w die'8 ,?is is a ?\ght he uses m ?an once1#ef ?\gh he kn[s ! attractiv5ess ( lively *ildr54#eg ,he recomm5ds u to practise resignation--beg9n+ on a brok5 jug or cup1 !n on a coat or puppy1 & s up to oneself & "o's limbs1 *ildr51 wife or bro!rs4#eh ,if a man wi%es 8 son or 8 wife n to d wrong1 he really wi%es :at is ano!r's n to be ano!r's4#ei ,z to wom51 a few quotations w %[ 8 deta*m5t4 ,he seems h>dly to h kn[n a good woman4 ,d n admire y\r wife's beauty1 & y are n angry ) ! adult]]4 ,le>n t a ?ief & an adult]] h no place among ! ?+s t are y\rs1 b among ^? :i* are n y\rs & n 9 y\r p[]1#fj & he illu/rates 8 philosophy ) an anecdote ( an iron lamp /ol5 f him1 :i* he replac$ ) an e>!nw>e "o4 ,f f\rte5 ye>s old1 he says1 wom5 ?9k ( no?+ & aim at no?+ #eb b ly+ ) m54#fa ,roman wom5 lik$ ,plato's ,republic = ! lic5ce !y wrongly suppos$ x gave4#fb ,he con/antly speaks ( wom5 z a temptation1 ne>ly always us+ a dim9utive korasion1 korasidion--little girls--& z a temptation h>dly to be resi/$ by "y m54 ,he speaks ( _! s(t] voices4#fc ,a "y philosoph] is no mat* = a pretty girl2 let him fly temptation4#fd ,z to pleasure ) wom51 ab/a9 z f> z y c1 be=e m>riage2 b if y d indulge 9 x1 d x 9 ! way con=mable to cu/om4 ,d n1 h[ev]1 be disagreeable to ^? :o take su* pleasures1 nor apt to rebuke !m or to say (t5 t y d n4#fe ,all ?is may be tak5 z ! impression left by ,rome & ! h\sehold ( ,epaphroditus ^u a slave's m9d4 ,x may be obs]v$ t he makes no?+ l ,dio ,*ryso/om's condemnation ( pro/itution--an utt]ance unexampl$ 9 pagan antiquity4 ,x is pleasant] to turn to o!r features ( ,epictetus4 ,he has a v /rik+ lecture on p]sonal cleanl9ess4#ff ,9 proportion z m5 draw ne> ! gods by reason1 !y cl+ to purity ( s\l & body4 ,nature has giv5 m5 h&s & no/rils2 s1 if a man does n use a h&k]*ief1 ,i say1 he is n fulfill+ ! function ( a man4 ,nature has provid$ wat]4 ,x is impossible t "s impurity %\ld n rema9 9 ! tee? aft] eat+4 ',s wa% y\r tee?1' says ,nature4 ,:y8 ',t y may be a man & n a bea/--a pig4' ,if a man w\ld n ba! & use ! /rigil & h 8 clo!s wa%$--ei!r g into a des]t :]e y des]ve to g1 or live alone & smell y\rself4 ,he _c be> a dirty man1--:o does n get out ( 8 way8 ,x gives philosophy a bad "n1 he says2 b x is q cle> t t 0 n 8 *ief reason4 ,he w\ld soon] a "y man came to him ) 8 hair c>efully trimm$ ?an ) x dirty & r\gh2 su* c>e impli$ "s conception ( ! beautiful1 :i* x 0 only necess>y to direct t[>ds ! ?+s ( ! m9d2 b if a man comes to me fil?y & dirty1 ) a m\/a*e d[n to 8 knees--:at c ,i say to him8 ,b :5ce am ,i to get a f9e cloak8 ,man6 y h wat]2 wa% x6 #ec ,sid5ote3 ,fame ( ,epictetus ,pupils ga!r$ r\nd him & he became fam\s1 z we c see 9 ! rem9isc5ces ( ,aulus ,gellius4#fg ,sixty or sev5ty ye>s aft] 8 dea? a man b\ght 8 old e>!nw>e lamp = ?ree ?\s& dra*mas4#fh ,ev5 9 8 lifetime m5 began to come ab\t ! wond]ful old man :o 7 h>dly s]i\s /ud5ts4 ,!y wi%$1 he says1 to occupy ! "t :ile wait+ to engage a passage on a %ip--!y happ5$ to be pass+ 7p>odos e/97 & look$ 9 to see him z if he 7 a /atue4 ,we c g & see ,epictetus too4--,!n y g away & say2 ,oh6 ,epictetus 0 no?+6 he talk$ bad ,greek--oh6 b>b>\s ,greek6#fi ,o!rs came to pick up a little philosophic language = use 9 public4 ,:y c\ld !y n philosophize & say no?+8 he ask$4 ,%eep d n vomit up _! grass to %[ ! %eph]d h[ mu* !y h eat5--no6 !y dige/ x inside1 & !n produce wool & milk outside4#gj ,he took 8 tea*+ s]i\sly z a matt] ( life1 & he look$ ^u x z a s]vice done to mank9d--q equival5t to ! production ( two or ?ree ugly-nos$ *ildr54#ga ,he has a w>m admiration = ! ,cynic philosoph]'s indep5d5ce ( encumb]m5ts--h[ c he :o has to tea* mank9d g look+ aft] a wife's conf9em5t--or some?+ to heat ! wat] 9 to give ! baby a ba?8#gb ,^! !n are ! two great tea*]s ( ,/oicism1 ! out/&+ figures1 ^: words & tones survive1 ^: *>act]s are famili> to u4 ,!y are cle>ly prea*]s1 bo? ( !m1 int5t on ! practical re=mation ( _! li/5]s or correspond5ts4 ,= !m conduct is n9e-t5?s ( life4 ,mu* ( _! tea*+ is ( c\rse ! common prop]ty ( all moral tea*]s--! deprecation ( ang]1 ( qu>relsom5ess1 ( self-indulg5ce1 ( grumbl+1 ( impurity1 is peculi> to no s*ool4 ,o!rs h emphasiz$ t life is a campaign ) a g5]al to be obey$1 if y c by "s in/9ct div9e :at he is signall+4#gc ,b #ed p]haps x 0 a new ?+ 9 ! ,we/]n ,_w1 :5 s mu* acc5t 0 laid on conduct4 ,! t]ror ( contempor>y life1 ) its repulsiv5ess1 its brutality & its fasc9ation1 drove m5 9 se>* ( ! moral guide4 ,! philosoph]'s s*ool 0 an infirm>y1 n = ! glad b = ! sorry4#gd ,t man1 says ,s5eca1 is look+ = salvation--ad salutem spectat4 ,sid5ote3 ,self-exam9ation ,m5 s\ght ! help ( ! philosoph]1 & relaps$4 ,he ?9ks he wi%es reason4 ,he has fall5 out ) luxury1 b he w soon make fri5ds ) h]4 ,b he says he is (f5d$ ) 8 own life6 ,i d n d5y x2 :o is n8 ,m5 love _! vices & hate !m at ! same "t4#ge ,s writes ,s5eca ( a fri5d ( ,lucilius & 8 fugitive ?\ghts ( am5dm5t1 & ,epictetus is no less emphatic on ! cry+ ne$ = e>ne/ness4 ,! ,roman _w 0 s full ( gl>+ vice t e s]i\s man f ,augu/us onw>d _h insi/$ on "s k9d ( re=mation1 & n[ m5 7 beg9n+ to feel t ! re=mation mu/ beg9 )9 !mselves4 ,! habit ( daily self-exam9ation became g5]al among ! ,/oics1 & !y recomm5d$ x w>mly to _! pupils4 ,"h is ,s5eca's acc\nt ( himself4 ,:5 ! day 0 ov] & ,sextius _h gone to 8 night's re/1 he us$ to ask 8 m9d 7animum73 ':at bad habit ( y\rs h y cur$ to-day8 :at vice h y resi/$8 9 :at respect are y bett]8' ,ang] w cease & w be m mod]ate1 :5 x kn[s x mu/ daily face ! judge4 ,c\ld any?+ be m beautiful ?an ?is habit ( exam9+ ! :ole day8 ,:at a sleep is t :i* foll[s self-scrut9y6 ,h[ calm1 h[ deep & free1 :5 ! m9d is ei!r prais$ or admoni%$1 :5 x has look$ into itself1 & l a secret c5sor makes a report ^u its own moral /ate4 ,i avail myself ( ?is p[] & daily try my own case4 ,:5 ! light is remov$ f my sight1 & my wife1 :o kn[s my habit1 is sil5t1 ,i survey my :ole day & ,i measure my words aga94 ,i hide no?+ f myself2 ,i pass ov] no?+4 ,= :y %\ld ,i be afraid ( any ( my errors1 :5 ,i c say3 ',see t y d x no m1 n[ ,i =give y4 ,9 t discussion1 y spoke too pugnaci\sly2 aft] ?is d n engage ) ! ignorant2 !y w n le>n :o h nev] #ee le>n$4 ,t man y admoni%$ too freely1 s y did him no good2 y (f5d$ him4 ,= ! future1 see n only :e!r :at y say is true1 b :e!r he to :om x is said w be> ! tru?4'#gf ,simil> passages might be multipli$4 ,live ) y\rself & see h[ ill-furni%$ y are1 wrote ,p]sius 7iv1 #eb7 ! pupil ( ,cornutus4 ,f heav5 comes t ^w '"k ?yself1' said ,juv5al4 ,a r rem>kable illu/ration is ! lett] ( ,s]5us1 a fri5d ( ,s5eca's1 ( ^: life ?+s are record$ by ,tacitus t d n sugge/ self-scrut9y4 ,9 summ>y x is z foll[s3-- ,i f9d myself n q free1 nor yet q 9 bondage to faults :i* ,i fe>$ & hat$4 ,i am 9 a /ate1 n ! wor/ inde$1 b v qu]ul\s & uncom=table1 nei!r well nor ill4 ,x is a weakness ( ! m9d t sways betwe5 ! two1 t w nei!r bravely turn to "r nor to wrong4 ,?+s di/urb me1 ?\gh !y d n alt] my pr9ciples4 ,i ?9k ( public life2 some?+ worries me1 & ,i fall back into ! life ( leisure1 to be prick$ to ! w to act by read+ "s brave words or see+ "s f9e example4 ,i beg y1 if y h any rem$y to /ay my fluctuation ( m9d1 c\nt me wor?y to owe y peace4 ,to put :at ,i endure into a simile1 x is n ! tempe/ t tr\bles me1 b sea-sickness4#gg ,epictetus quotes l9es :i* he attributes to ,py?agoras-- ,let sleep n come ^u ?y languid eyes ,ere ?\ has scann$ ! actions ( ! day-- ,:]e h ,i s9n$8 ,:at done or left undone8 ,f fir/ to la/ exam9e all1 & !n ,blame :at is wrong1 9 :at is "r1 rejoice4#gh ,^! v]ses1 he adds1 are = use1 n = quotation4 ,else:]e he gives u a p>ody ( self-exam9ation--! reflections ( "o :o w\ld prosp] 9 ! _w--,:]e h ,i fail$ 9 flatt]y8 ,c ,i h done any?+ l a free man1 or a noble-m9d$8 ,:y did ,i say t8 ,0 x n 9 my p[] to lie8 ,ev5 ! philosoph]s say no?+ h9d]s a man f tell+ a lie4#gi #ef ,b self-exam9ation may take u fur!r4#hj ,we come into ! _w1 he says1 ) "s innate idea 7emphutos ennoia7 ( good & evil1 z if ,nature _h taught u2 b we f9d o!r m5 ) diff]5t ideas1--,syrians & ,egyptians1 = in/ance4 ,x is by a comp>ison ( our ideas ) ^? ( o!r m5 t philosophy comes into be+ = u4 ,! beg9n+ ( philosophy--) ^? at lea/ :o ent] ^u x aright--by ! door--is a consci\sness ( "o's own weakness & insuffici5cy 9 necess>y ?+s 7a/h5eias kai adunamias74 ,we ne$ rules or canons1 & philosophy det]m9es ^! = u by criticism4#ha ,?is ref]5ce to ,syrians & ,egyptians is probably n idle4 ,! preval5ce ( ,syrian & ,egyptian religions1 inculcat+ ec/atic communion ) a god & ! s\l's ne$ ( prep>ation = ! next _w1 contribut$ to ! *ange t is witness$ 9 ,/oic philosophy4 ,! ,ea/]n m9d is affect+ ! ,greek1 & lat] ,/oicism l lat] ,platonism has ?\ghts & ideals n famili> to ! ,greeks ( e>li] days4 ,x 0 ) religions1 z oppos$ to city cults1 t ,/oicism _h n[ to compete = ! s\ls ( m52 & :ile x reta9s its ,greek *>act]i/ics 9 its intellectualism & its slightly-veil$ contempt = ! fool & ! b>b>ian1 x has tak5 on o!r features4 ,x 0 av[$ly a rule ( life r ?an a sy/em ( speculation2 & x 0 m1 = ! doctr9e ( ! ,sp]maticos ,logos 7! ,g5]ative ,reason7 gave a new mean+ to conduct & op5$ up a new & rational way to ,god4 ,?us ,/oicism1 :ile /ill a philosophy 0 pre-em95tly a religion1 & ev5 a gospel--,good ,news ( emancipation f ! evil 9 ! _w & ( union ) ! ,div9e4 ,sid5ote3 ,! true wor%ip ( ! gods ,/oicism gave its conv]t a new conception ( ! relation ( ,god & man4 ,"o ,div9e ,^w 0 ! ess5ce ( bo?--,reason 0 %>$ by m5 & gods1 & by pure ?\ght m5 came into contact ) ! div9e m9d4 ,o!rs s\ght communion 9 trance & ritual--! ,/oic :5 he 0 awake1 at 8 highe/ & be/ level1 ) 8 m9d & n 8 h&1 9 ?\ghts1 :i* he c\ld und]/& & assimilate1 r ?an 9 magical =mulae1 :i* lo/ _! value :5 !y became #eg intelligible4 ,god & m5 =m$ a polity1 & ! ,/oic 0 ! fell[-citiz5 ( ! gods1 obey+1 und]/&+ & ador+1 z !y did1 "o div9e law1 "o ord]--a p>tak] ( ! div9e nature1 a citiz5 ( ! univ]se1 a free man z no "o else 0 free1 because he knew 8 fre$om & knew :o %>$ x ) him4 ,he /ood on a new foot+ ) ! gods1 & = him ! old cults pass$ away1 sup]s$$ by a new wor%ip :i* 0 div9e s]vice inde$4 ,h[ ! gods are to be wor%ipp$1 m5 (t5 tell u4 ,let u n p]mit a man to light lamps on ! ,sabba?1 = ! gods ne$ n ! light1 & ev5 m5 f9d no pleasure 9 ! smoke4 ,let u =bid to pay ! morn+ salutation & to sit at ! doors ( ! temples2 x is human int]e/ t is c\rt$ by su* att5tions3 ,god1 he wor%ips :o kn[s ,him4 ,let u =bid to take napk9s & /rigils to ,jove1 to hold ! mirror to ,juno4 ,god seeks none to m9i/] to him2 nay6 himself he m9i/]s to mank9d2 ev]y:]e he is1 at ! side ( e man4 ,let a man he> :at mode to keep 9 sacrifices1 h[ f> to avoid we>isom5ess & sup]/ition3 nev] w en\gh be done1 unless 9 8 m9d he %all h conceiv$ ,god z he ought1 z 9 possession ( all ?+s1 z giv+ all ?+s freely4 ,:at cause is !re t ! gods %\ld d good8 ,nature4 ,he errs1 :o ?9ks !y c n d h>m2 !y w n4 ,!y _c receive an injury nor d "o4 ,to hurt & to be hurt are "o ?+4 ,nature1 supreme & above all mo/ beautiful1 has exempt$ !m f dang] & f be+ dang]\s4 ,! beg9n+ ( wor%ip ( ! gods is to believe gods are2 !n to attribute to !m _! own maje/y1 to attribute to !m goodness1 )\t :i* maje/y is n1 to "k x is !y :o preside ov] ! univ]se1 :o rule all ?+s by _! might1 :o are gu>dians ( mank9d2 at times#hb ?\ghtful ( individuals4 ,!y nei!r give nor h evil2 b !y *a/ise1 !y *eck1 !y assign p5alties & sometimes puni% 9 ! =m ( bless+4 ,w\ld y propitiate ! gods8 ,be good6 ,he has wor%ipp$ !m en\gh :o has imitat$ !m4#hc #eh ,?is is n m]ely a /atem5t ( ,/oic dogma2 x 0 a proclamation ( fre$om4 ,l9e aft] l9e ( ?is f9e passage directly c\nt]s :at 0 ass]t$ & believ$ ?r\gh\t ! _w by ! adh]5ts ( ! ,ea/]n religions4 ,he> ,s5eca once m4 ,sid5ote3 ,provid5ce ,we und]/& ,jove to be rul] & gu>dian ( ! :ole1 m9d & brea? ( ! ,univ]se 7animum spiritumque mundi71 "l & artific] ( ?is fabric4 ,e "n is 84 ,w\ld y call him fate8 ,y w n err4 ,he x is on :om all ?+s dep5d1 ! cause ( causes4 ,w\ld y call him ,provid5ce8 ,y w speak aright4 ,he x is ^: ?\ght provides = ! univ]se t x may move on its c\rse unhurt & d its "p4 ,w\ld y call him ,nature8 y w n speak amiss4 ,he x is ( :om all ?+s are born1 by ^: brea? 7spiritu7 we live4 ,w\ld y call him ,univ]se8 ,y w n be deceiv$4 ,he himself is ?is :ole t y see1 fills 8 own p>ts1 su/a9s himself & :at is 84#hd ,"s "o ask$ ,epictetus "o day h[ we c be sure t all our actions are "u ! inspection ( ,god4 ,d y ?9k1 said ,epictetus1 t all ?+s are a unity8 7i4e4 9 ! polity ( ! cosmos74 ,yes4 ,well !n1 d y n ?9k t ?+s e>?ly are 9 sympa?y 7sympa!97 ) ?+s heav5ly8 ,yes4 ,epictetus rem9d$ 8 li/5] ( ! h>mony ( ext]nal nature1 ( fl[]s & moon & sun4 ,b are leaves & our bodies s b\nd up & unit$ ) ! :ole1 & are n our s\ls mu* m8 & are our s\ls s b\nd up & 9 t\* ) ,god 7synapheis to !o7 z p>ts ( ,him & portions ( ,him1 & c x be t ,god does n p]ceive e motion ( ^! p>ts z be+ ,8 own motion cognate ) ,himself 7symphy\s78#he ,he bade ! man reflect ^u 8 own p[] ( grasp+ 9 8 m9d t5 ?\s& ?+s at once "u div9e adm9i/ration2 & is n ,god able to ov]see all ?+s1 & to be pres5t ) !m1 & to receive f all a c]ta9 communication8 ,! man repli$ t he c\ld n compreh5d all ^! ?+s at once4 ,& :o tells y ?is--t y h equal p[] ) ,zeus8 ,nev]!less1 he has plac$ by e man a gu>dian 7epitropon71 ea* man's #ei ,daemon1 to :om he has committ$ ! c>e ( ! man1 a gu>dian :o nev] sleeps1 is nev] deceiv$4 ,= to :at bett] & m c>eful wat* 7phylaki7 c\ld ,he h entru/$ ea* ( u8 ,:5 !n y 7plural7 h %ut y\r doors & made d>kness )91 rememb] nev] to say t y are alone1 = y are n2 b ,god is )9 & y\r ,daemon 7,greek3 ho hymet]os daimon72 & :at ne$ h !y ( light to see :at y are do+8#hf ,"h ano!r feature occurs--! "q ( ! daemons4 ,s5eca once alludes to ! idea--= ! pres5t1 he writes to ,lucilius1 set aside ! view ( "s p1 t to ea* individual "o ( u a god is giv5 z a p$agogue1 n inde$ ( ! fir/ rank1 b ( an inf]ior br&1 ( ! numb] ( ^? :om ,ovid calls 'gods ( ! l[] ord]' 7de plebe deos72 yet rememb] t our ance/ors :o believ$ ?is 7 s f> ,/oics1 = to e man & woman !y gave a ,g5ius or a ,juno4 ,lat] on we %all see :e!r ! gods h leisure to att5d to private p's bus9ess4#hg ,b be=e we pursue a side issue1 :i* we %all 9 any case h to exam9e at a lat] po9t1 let u look fur!r at ! c5tral idea4 ,! ?\ghtful man f9ds himself1 z we h se51 9 a polity ( gods & m51 a cosmos1 well-ord]$ 9 its v ess5ce4 ,9 tru?1 says ,epictetus1 ! :ole s*eme ( ?+s 7ta hola7 is badly manag$1 if ,zeus does n take c>e ( 8 own citiz5s1 s t !y may be l himself1 happy4#hh ,! fir/ lesson ( philosophy is t !re is a ,god & t he provides = ! :ole s*eme ( ?+s1 & t x is n possible to conceal f him our acts--no1 nor our int5tions or ?\ghts4#hi ,god1 says ,s5eca1 has a fa!r's m9d t[>ds ! good1 & loves !m /\tly--'let !m1' he says1 'be ex]cis$ 9 "w1 pa9 & loss1 t !y may ga!r true /r5g?4' ,x is because ,god is 9 love ) ! good 7bonorum amantissimus7 t he gives !m =tune to wre/le )4 ,!re is a mat* wor? ,god's sight 7p>deo dignum7--a brave man pair$ ) evil =tune--especially if he is himself ! *all5g]4#ij ,he goes on to %[ t :at appe> to be evils are n s2 t mis=tunes are at once = ! advantage ( ^? :om #fj !y befall & ( m5 9 g5]al or ! univ]se 7univ]sis71 = :i* ! gods c>e m ?an = individuals2 t ^? :o receive !m are glad to h !m--& des]ve evil if !y are n2 t mis=tunes come by fate & befall m5 by ! same law by :i* !y are good4 ,always to be happy & to g ?r\gh life )\t a pang ( ! m9d 7s9e morsu animi7 is to "k only "o half ( ,nature4#ia ,! fates lead u3 :at "t rema9s = ea* ( u1 ! h\r ( our bir? det]m9$4 ,cause hangs ^u cause4444 ,( old x 0 orda9$ :]eat y %\ld rejoice or weep2 & ?\gh ! lives ( individuals seem m>k$ out by a great v>iety1 ! sum total comes to "o & ! same ?+--p]i%able ourselves we receive :at %all p]i%4#ib ,! good man's "p is !n to commit himself to fate--x is a great com=t to be c>ri$ along ) ! univ]se4 ,:atev] x is t has bidd5 u ?us to live & ?us to die1 by ! same necessity x b9ds ! gods4 ,an onw>d c\rse t may n be /ay$ sweeps on human & div9e alike4 ,! v f\nd] & rul] ( all ?+s has writt5 fate1 b he foll[s x3 he ev] obeys1 he once comm&$4#ic ,to ! good1 ,god says1 ,to y ,i h giv5 bless+s sure & endur+2 all y\r good ,i h set )9 y4 ,endure6 h]e9 y may ev5 out-di/ance ,god2 he is outside ! endurance ( evils & y above x4#id ,above all ,i h provid$ t none may hold y aga9/ y\r w2 ! door is op52 no?+ ,i h made m easy ?an to die2 & dea? is quick4#ie ,epictetus is j z cle> t we h be5 giv5 all we ne$4 ,:at says ,zeus8 ,epictetus1 _h x be5 possible1 ,i w\ld h made bo? y\r little body & y\r little prop]ty free1 & n expos$ to h9drance4444 ,s9ce ,i 0 n able to d ?is1 ,i h giv5 y a little portion ( u1 ?is faculty ( pursu+ or avoid+ an object1 ! faculty ( desire & #fa av]sion & 9 a ^w ! faculty ( us+ ! appe>ances ( ?+s4#if ,mu/ my leg !n be lam$8 ,slave6 d y !n on acc\nt ( "o wret*$ leg f9d fault ) ! cosmos8 ,w y n will+ly surr5d] x = ! :ole8 444 ,w y be vex$ & discont5t$ ) :at ,zeus has set 9 ord]1 ) :at he & ! ,moirae1 :o 7 !re sp9n+ ?y nativity 7g5es971 orda9$ & appo9t$8 ,i mean z reg>ds y\r body2 = s f> z conc]ns reason y are no worse ?an ! gods & no less4#ig ,sid5ote3 ,! holy _s )9 u ,9 language curi\sly sugge/ive ( ano!r s*ool ( ?\ght1 ,s5eca speaks ( ,god )9 u1 ( div9e help giv5 to human ef=t4 ,god is ne> y1 ) y1 )9 y4 ,i say x1 ,lucilius2 a holy _s sits )9 u 7sac] intra nos spiritus s$et71 spectator ( our evil & our good1 & gu>dian4 ,ev5 z he is treat$ by u1 he treats u4 ,none is a good man )\t ,god4#ih ,c any triumph ov] =tune unless help$ by him8 ,he gives c\nsel1 spl5did & manly2 9 e good man1 ,:at god we "k n1 yet a god !re dwells4#ii ,! gods1 he says else:]e1 are n scornful1 !y are n envi\s4 ,!y welcome u1 &1 z we asc5d1 !y rea* u _! h&s4 ,are y surpris$ a man %\ld g to ! gods8 ,god comes to m51 nay6 ne>] /ill6 he comes into m54 ,no m9d 7m5s7 is good )\t ,god4 ,div9e se$s are s[n 9 human bodies1 & w gr[ into lik5ess to _! orig9 if rightly cultivat$4#ajj ,x %\ld be not$ t ! asc5t is by ! r\te ( frugality1 temp]ance & =titude4 ,to ?is we mu/ return4 ,man's "p 9 life is to be ! spectator & int]pret] ( ,god#aja z he is ! son ( ,god2#ajb to atta* himself to ,god2#ajc to be 8 soldi]1 obey 8 signals1 wait 8 call to #fb retreat2 or 79 ! language ( ! ,olympian fe/ival7 to jo9 ) him 9 ! spectacle & ! fe/ival = a %ort "t 7sympompeusonta auto kai syneortasonta pros oligon71 to wat* ! pomp & ! panegyris1 & !n g away l a grateful & mode/ man2#ajd to look up to ,god & say use me h5ce=? = :at ?\ w4 ,i am ( ?y m9d2 ,i am ?9e4#aje ,if we _h und]/&+1 :at else ought we to d1 b toge!r & sev]ally1 hymn ,god1 & bless him 7eupheme97 & tell ( 8 b5efits8 ,ought we n1 9 digg+ or pl\gh+ or eat+1 to s+ ?is hymn to ,god8 ',great is ,god :o has giv5 u su* tools ) :i* to till ! e>?2 great is ,god :o has giv5 u h&s1 ! p[] ( swall[+1 /oma*s1 ! p[] to gr[ unconsci\sly1 & to brea! :ile we sleep4' 444 ,:at else c ,i d1 a lame old man1 b hymn ,god8 ,if ,i 7 a night+ale1 ,i w\ld d ! "p ( a night+ale 444 b ,i am a rational creature1 & ,i ought to hymn ,god2 ?is is my prop] "w2 ,i d x2 nor w ,i quit my po/ s long z x is giv5 me2 & y ,i call ^u to jo9 9 ?is same song4#ajf ,h]akles 9 all 8 toils _h no?+ de>] to him ?an ,god1 & = t reason he 0 believ$ to be ! son ( ,god & he 04#ajg ,cle> away f y\r ?\ghts sadness1 fe>1 desire1 envy1 av>ice1 intemp]ance1 etc4 ,b x is n possible to eject all ^! ?+s1 o!rwise ?an by look+ away to ,god alone 7pros monon ton !on apobleponta7 by fix+ y\r affections on him only1 by be+ d$icat$ to 8 comm&s4#ajh ,?is is a peace n ( ,caes>'s proclamation 7= :5ce c\ld he proclaim x87 b ( ,god's--?r\gh reason4#aji ,sid5ote3 ,humanity ,! man1 :o is ?us 9 h>mony ) ! ,sp]maticos1 ,logos1 :o has put 8 ',i' & 'm9e'#aaj 9 ! ?+s ( ! w1 has no qu>rel ) any?+ ext]nal4 ,he takes a "p 9 ! affairs ( m5 )\t aggression1 gre$ or meanness4 ,he submits to :at is laid ^u him4 ,8 peace none c take away1 & none c make him angry4 ,!re is a f9e passage 9 ,s5eca's n9ety-fif? lett]1 foll[+ 8 acc\nt ( "r wor%ip already quot$1 9 :i* he proce$s to d$uce f ?is ! "r attitude to m54 ,a s5t5ce or two #fc mu/ suffice4 ,h[ little x is n to injure him1 :om y ought to help6 ,great praise =soo?1 t man %\ld be k9d to man6 ,are we to bid a man to l5d a h& to ! %ipwreck$1 po9t ! way to ! w&]]1 %>e bread ) ! hungry8 444 ,?is fabric :i* y see1 :]e9 are div9e & human1 is "o4 ,we are memb]s ( a great body4 ,nature has made u ( "o blood1 has implant$ 9 u mutual love1 has made u = society 7sociabiles74 ,%e is ! au?or ( ju/ice & equity4444 ,let t v]se be 9 y\r he>t & on y\r lip4 ,homo sum1 humani nihil a me ali5um puto#aaa ,unhappy man6 w y ev] love8 7ecqu&o amabis7 he says to ! irritable4#aab ,a little be=e1 he said1 ,man1 a sacr$ ?+ to man1 is sla9 = sport & m]rim5t2 nak$ & un>m$ he is l$ =?2 & ! m]e dea? ( a man is spectacle en\gh4#aac ,?is 0 ! ,/oic's condemnation ( ! gladiatorial %[s4 ,nor 0 x only by words t ,/oicism work$ = humanity1 = x 0 ,/oic lawy]s :o s(t5$ & broad5$ & humaniz$ ,roman law4#aad ,yet ,/oicism 9 ,s5eca & ,epictetus _h rea*$ its z5i?4 ,f n[ onw>d x decl9$4 ,m>cus ,aurelius1 9 "s ways ! mo/ attractive ( all ,/oics1 0 virtually ! la/4 ,) ! second c5tury ,/oicism ceas$ to be an effective =ce 9 occupy+ & inspir+ ! :ole m9d ( m51 ?\gh x is evid5t t x /ill influ5c$ ?9k]s4 ,m5 /udi$ ! ,/oics & made fre% copies ( _! books1 z !y did = a ?\s& ye>s2 !y borr[$ & adapt$2 b !y 7 n ,/oics4 ,/oicism _h pass$ away z a sy/em fir/ & !n z a religion2 & = ?is we h to f9d "s reason or reasons4 ,x may well be true t ! environm5t ( ! ,/oics 0 n fit = s high & pure a philosophy4 ,! broad gulf betwe5 ! common ,roman life & ,/oic tea*+ is evid5t en\gh4 ,! intellectual =ce ( ! ,roman _w moreov] 0 ebb+1 & ,/oicism requir$ m /r5g? ( m9d & "* ?an 0 easily to be f\nd4 ,t a religion or a philosophy #fd fails to hold its own is n a sure sign t x is unfit or untrue2 x may only be premature1 & x may be held t at ano!r /age ( ! _w's hi/ory ,/oicism or "s simil> s*eme ( ?\ght1--or1 bett] p]haps1 "s c5tral idea r\nd :i* a sy/em & a life develop--may yet comm& ! ass5t ( bett] m5 9 a bett] age4 ,at ! same "t1 x is cle> t :5 ,/oicism re-em]ges1--if x does1--x w be ano!r ?+4 ,already we h se5 9 ,wordswor?1 & 7s f> z ,i und]/& him7 9 ,hegel1 a great in=m+ conception :i* seems to h cle> aff9ity ) ! ,sp]maticos ,logos ( ! ,/oics4 ,! passage f ! ,l9es writt5 above ,t9t]n ,abbey 7quot$ 9 ! previ\s *apt]7 may be supplem5t$ by _m f ! ,prelude & o!r poems to illu/rate at once ! lik5ess & ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! =ms ! ?\ght has tak54 ,x is1 h[ev]1 a c]ta9 condemnation ( a philosophic s*ool :5 we h to admit t1 :atev] its appreh5sion ( tru?1 x fail$ to capture its own g5]ation1 ei!r because ( "s error ( pres5tm5t1 or ( "s fundam5tal misconception4 ,:5 we f9d1 moreov]1 t !re is n only a refusal ( ,/oicism b a reaction f x1 consci\s or unconsci\s1 we are =c$ to inquire into ! cause4 ,sid5ote3 ,! individual w ,we %all p]haps be "r 9 say+1 to beg9 )1 t ! doctr9e ( ! ,g5]ative ,reason1 ! ,sp]maticos ,logos1 is n c>ri$ f> en\gh4 ,! imm5se practical ne$1 :i* ! ,/oic felt1 ( =tify+ himself aga9/ ! _w1 is n un9telligible1 b x l$ him into error4 ,he employ$ 8 doctr9e ( ! ,sp]maticos ,logos to give gr&eur & suffici5cy to ! individual1 & !n1 = practical purposes1 cut him (f f ! _w4 ,he mann$ & provision$ ! =tress1 & !n %ut x (f f supplies & f relief4 ,x 0 a necess>y ?+ to ass]t ! value & dignity ( ! m]e individual man aga9/ ! despotisms1 b to isolate ! man f mank9d & f ! _w ( nature 0 a fatal mi/ake4 ,( c\rse1 ! ,/oic did n d ?is 9 !ory1 = he insi/$ on ! polity ( gods & m51 ! "o city1#aae & ! duty ( ! citiz5 ( ! univ]se 7kosmios7--a man is n an indep5d5t object2 l ! foot 9 ! body he is ess5tially #fe a "p4#aaf ,9 practice1 too1 ,/oics 7 human4 ,s5eca tells u to %[ clem5cy b n to feel pity1 b we may be sure t ! human he>t 9 him 0 f> f obs]v+ ! di/9ction--he talk$ m boldly ?an he liv$1 he says--he 0 among ^? :om grief conqu]$1#aag &1 ?\gh he goes on to %[ :y he fail$ 9 ?is way1 he is ende>$ to u by 8 failure to be 8 own ideal ,/oic4 ,yet x rema9s t ! *apt]s1 ) :i* 8 book on ,clem5cy ends1 are a ,/oic prote/ aga9/ pity1 & !y c be re-in=c$ by a good deal 9 ,epictetus4 ,if y\r fri5d is unhappy1 rememb] t 8 unhapp9ess is 8 own fault1 = ,god has made all m5 to be happy1 to be free f p]turbations4#aah ,y\r fri5d has ! rem$y 9 8 own h&s2 let him purify 8 dogmata4#aai ,epictetus w\ld try to heal a fri5d's sorr[ b n by e means1 = t w\ld be to fight aga9/ ,god 7!oma*e971 & w\ld involve daily & nightly puni%m5t to himself#abj--;& no "o is ne>] me ?an myself4#aba ,9 ! ,manual ! same ?\ght is acc5tuat$4 ,say to y\rself ',x is ! op9ion ab\t ?is ?+ t afflicts ! man4' ,s f> z words g1 d n hesitate to %[ sympa?y1 & ev51 if x s happ51 to lam5t ) him4 ,take c>e1 ?\gh1 t y d n lam5t int]nally also 7me kai eso!n /5axes74#abb ,we h se5 :at he has to say ( a lo/ *ild4 ,9 spite ( all 8 f9e words1 ! ,/oic really kn[s ( no?+ betwe5 ! individual & ! cosmos1 = 8 practical tea*+ dead5s1 if x does n kill1 fri5d%ip & family love4 ,ev]y?+ ) ! ,/oic turns on ! individual4 ta epi soi1 ! ?+s 9 y\r own p[]1 is ! refra9 ( ,epictetus' tea*+4 ,all is ?r[n ^u ! individual w1 ^u ! univ]sal work+ 9 ! individual1 accord+ to ,/oic !ory1 ^u me ! pla9 man w\ld say4 ,if ! gods1 z ,s5eca says1 l5d a h& to su* z climb1 ! climb] has to make 8 own way by temp]ance & =titude4 ,! holy _s )9 u is aft] all h>dly to be di/+ui%$ f consci5ce1 intellect & w4#abc ,god1 says ,epictetus1 orda9s if y wi% good1 get x f y\rself4#abd ,once ! w 7proairesis7 is "r1 #ff all is a*iev$4#abe ,y mu/ ex]cise ! w 7!lesai7--& ! ?+ is done1 x is set "r2 z on ! o!r h&1 only fall a nodd+ & ! ?+ is lo/4 ,= f )9 7eso!n7 comes ru91 & f )9 comes help4#abf ,:at d y want ) pray]s8 asks ,s5eca1 make y\rself happy4#abg ,! old ,/oic p>adox ab\t ! folly ( mank9d1 & ! wor?lessness ( ! ef=ts ( all save ! sage1 0 by n[ *iefly rememb]$ by _! enemies4#abh ,all ?is is due to ! ,/oic glorification ( reason1 z ! embodim5t 9 man ( ! ,sp]maticos ,logos4 ,?\gh ,n\s ) ! ,/oics is n ! pure dry light ( reason1 !y t5d$ 9 practice to di/+ui% reason f ! emotions or passions 7pa!71 9 :i* !y saw *iefly p]turbations1 & !y held up ! ideal ( fre$om f !m 9 consequ5ce 7apa!ia74#abi ,to be godlike1 a man _h to suppress 8 affections j z he suppress$ 8 own s5sations ( pa9 or hung]4 ,e human in/9ct ( pat]nal or conjugal love1 ( fri5d%ip1 ( sympa?y1 ( pity1 0 ?us br\ght to ! te/ ( a ,reason1 :i* _h two cat*-words by :i* to try !m--! ,univ]se & ! ?+s 9 y\r own p[]--& ! s5t5ce 0 swift & summ>y en\gh4 ,!y did n realize t = mo/ m5--& probably x is true/ ( ! be/ m5--,life moves onw>d ) all its t5d] & graci\s in/9cts1 :ile ,analysis limps beh9d4 ,! exp]im5t ( te/+ affection & in/9ct by reason has (t5 be5 tri$1 & x succe$s only :]e ! reason is will+ to be a con/itutional mon>*1 s to say1 in/ead ( ! despot responsible only to ! vague concept ( ! ,univ]se1 :om ! ,/oics wi%$ to en?rone4 ,!y talk$ ( liv+ accord+ to ,nature1 b !y 7 a great deal too quick 9 decid+ :at 0 ,nature4 ,if ! c5turies h taught u any?+1 x is to give ,nature m "t1 m /udy & m respect ?an ev5 yet we d4 ,!re are words #fg at ! beg9n+ ( ! ?irte5? book ( ! ,prelude wis] & tru] ?an any?+ ! ,/oics _h to say ( h] ) _! excessive zeal & _! quick turns ( intellect4 ,c>ri$ away by _! !ories 7none1 we mu/ rememb] z we criticize !m1 )\t "s gr\nd 9 exp]i5ce & obs]vation71 ! ,/oics made solitude 9 ! he>t & call$ x peace4 ,! price 0 too high2 mank9d w\ld n pay x1 & s\ght a religion else:]e t _h a place = a man's *ildr54 ,sid5ote3 ,s9 & salvation ,aga91 9 _! contempt = ! passions ! ,/oics und]e/imat$ _! /r5g?4 ,h[ /rong ! passions are1 no man c guess = ano!r1 ev5 if he c be sure h[ /rong 8 own are4 ,p]haps ! ,/oics c\ld subord9ate _! passions to _! reason2--anci5t critics kept %>p eyes on !m & said !y 7 n always successful4#acj ,b !re is no "q t = ! mass ( m51 ! ,/oic acc\nt ( reason is absurd4 ,i see ano!r law 9 my memb]s1 said a contempor>y ( ,s5eca's1 w>r+ aga9/ ! law ( my m9d & br++ me into captivity4 ,o!r m5 felt ! same & s\ght deliv]ance 9 ! sacram5ts ( all ! religions4 ,t ,salvation 0 n f )91 0 ! te/imony ( e man :o und]w5t ! taurobolium4 ,s f> z su* ?+s c be1 x is e/abli%$ by ! witness ( e religi\s m9d t1 :e!r ! feel+ is j or n ! feel+ is inv9cible t ! w is inadequate & t religion beg9s only :5 ! ,/oic's ideal ( sav+ oneself by "o's own resolve & ef=t is f9ally ab&on$4 ,:e!r ?is w p]man5tly be true is ano!r "q1 probably = u unpr(itable4 ,! anci5t _w1 at any rate1 & 9 g5]al ! mod]n _w1 h pron\nc$ aga9/ ,/oic ,psy*ology--x 0 too quick1 too sup]ficial4 ,! ,/oics did n all[ = ! s5se ( s94#aca ,!y recogniz$ ! pres5ce ( evil 9 ! _w2 !y felt t x has its seat )9 u1 9 our inw>d "p2#acb & !y rem>k ! effect ( evil 9 ! blunt+ ( ! faculties--let ! guilty1 says ,p]sius1 see virtue1 & p9e t !y h lo/ h] =ev]4#acc ,:ile ,s5eca f9ds himself gr[+ bett] & becom+ *ang$1 he /ill feels !re may be mu* m ne$+ am5dm5t4#acd ,he (t5 #fh expresses dissatisfaction ) himself4#ace ,b ! deep] realization ( weakness & failure did n come to ! ,/oics1 & :at help _! tea*+ ( /r5u\s endeav\r c\ld h br\ght to m5 /rick5 ) ! consci\sness ( brok5 willp[]1 x is h>d to see4 ,fil?y ,natta1 accord+ to ,p]sius1 0 b5umb$ by vice 7/upet hic vitio74#acf ,:5 a man is h>d5$ l a /one 7apoli?o!71 h[ %all we be able to deal ) him by argum5t8 asks ,epictetus1 argu+ aga9/ ! ,academics1 :o oppos$ evid5t tru?s--:at are we to d ) necrosis ( ! s\l8#acg ,b ! ,/oics really gave m ?\ght to fancies ( ! sage's equality ) ,god & occasional sup]iority--s confid5t 7 !y 9 ! p[]s ( ! individual human m9d4 ,plut>*1 inde$1 =ces home ^u !m z a d$uction f _! doctr9e ( ! common nature ( gods & m5 ! consequ5ce t s9 is n contr>y to ! ,logos ( ,zeus--& yet !y say ,god puni%es s94#ach ,yet ev5 ! individual1 mu* z !y /rove to exalt 8 capabilities1 0 9 ! end *eap5$ 9 8 own eyes4#aci ,z m5 h deep5$ _! self-consci\sness1 !y h yield$ to an in/9ctive crav+ = ! immortality ( ! s\l4#adj ,:e!r savages feel ?is or n1 x is ne$less to argue4 ,no religion ap>t f ,buddhism has p]man5tly held m5 :i* _h no hopes ( immortality2 & h[ f> ! corruptions ( ,buddhism h modifi$ its rig\r = common p1 x is n easy to say4 ,9 "o =m or ano!r1 9 spite ( a t]rible want ( evid5ce1 m5 h clung to et]nal life4 ,! ,/oics !mselves us$ ?is cons5sus ( op9ion z evid5ce = ! tru? ( ! belief4#ada ,x pleas$ me1 writes ,s5eca1 to inquire ( ! et]nity ( s\ls 7de aet]nitate anim>um7--nay6 to believe 9 x4 ,i surr5d]$ myself to t great hope4#adb #fi ,h[ natural x is6 he says1 ! human m9d is a great & g5]\s ?+2 x w h no b\nds set to x unless !y are %>$ by ,god4#adc ,:5 ! day %all come1 :i* %all "p ?is mixture ( div9e & human1 "h1 :]e ,i f\nd x1 ,i w leave my body1 myself ,i w give back to ! gods4 ,ev5 n[ ,i am n )\t !m4 ,he f9ds 9 our bir? into ?is _w an analogy ( ! s\l pass+ into ano!r _w1 & 9 language ( beauty & sympa?y he pictures ! bir?day ( ! et]nal1 ! revelation ( nature's secrets1 a _w ( light & m light4 ,?is ?\ght suff]s no?+ sordid to dwell 9 ! m9d1 no?+ mean1 no?+ cruel4 ,x tells u t ! gods see all1 bids u w9 _! approval1 prep>e = !m1 & set et]nity be=e u4#add ,beautiful words t wake emotion yet6 ,sid5ote3 ,immortality ,b is x cle> t x is et]nity aft] all8 ,9 ! ,consolation :i* ,s5eca wrote = ,m>cia1 aft] speak+ ( ! future life ( h] son1 he pass$ at la/ to ! ,/oic doctr9e ( ! fir/ conflagration1 & describ$ ! de/ruction ( ! pres5t s*eme ( ?+s t x may beg9 anew4 ,!n we also1 happy s\ls :o h be5 assign$ to et]nity 7felices animae et aet]na sortitae71 :5 ,god %all see fit to recon/ruct ! univ]se1 :5 all ?+s pass 7lab5tibus71 we too1 a little elem5t 9 a great cata/rophe1 %all be resolv$ into our anci5t elem5ts4 ,happy is y\r son1 ,m>cia1 :o already kn[s ?is4#ade ,else:]e he is /ill less c]ta94 ,:y am ,i wa/$ = desire ( him1 :o is ei!r happy or non-exi/5t8 7qui aut beatus aut nullus e/74#adf ,t 9 lat] ye>s1 9 8 lett]s to ,lucilius1 ,s5eca %\ld lean to belief 9 immortality1 is natural en\gh4 ,epictetus' language1 ) "s fluctuations1 leans 9 ! o!r direction3 ,:5 ,god does n supply :at is necess>y1 he is s\nd+ ! signal = retreat--he has op5$ ! door & says to y1 ,come6 ,b :i!r8 ,to no?+ t]rible1 b :5ce y came1 to ! de> & k9 bo? neut]s1 ! elem5ts4 ,:at 9 y 0 fire1 %all g to fire1 e>? to e>?1 _s to _s p]haps1 brea? hoson pneumation eis pneumation1 wat] to wat]2 #gj no ,hades1 nor ,a*]on1 nor ,cocytus1 nor ,pyriphlege?on2 b all ?+s full ( gods & daemons4 ,:5 a man has su* ?+s to ?9k on1 & sees sun & moon & />s1 & enjoys e>? & sea1 he is n solit>y or ev5 helpless4#adg ,?is is dea?1 a great] *ange1 n f :at n[ is into :at is n1 b into :at n[ is n4 ,!n %all ,i no long] be8 ,y w be1 b some?+ else1 ( :i* n[ ! cosmos has no ne$4 ,= y began to be 7eg5\71 n :5 y wi%$1 b :5 ! cosmos _h ne$4#adh ,on ! :ole ! ,/oic is 9 8 way "r1 = ! desire = immortality goes ) ! in/9cts he reject$--x is no?+ )\t ! affections & human love4#adi ,b once m logic fail$1 & ! obscure grave witnesses to man's in/9ctive rejection ( ,/oicism1 ) its simple inscription taurobolio 9 aet]num r5atus4 ,sid5ote3 ,! "q ( ! gods ,la/ly we come to ! gods !mselves1 & "h a d\ble "q meets u4 ,nei!r on ! plurality nor ! p]sonality ( ! div9e does ,/oicism give a c]ta9 note4 ,9 ! passages already quot$ x w h be5 notic$ h[ int]*angeably ,god1 ! gods & ,zeus h be5 us$4 ,x is ev5 a "q :e!r ,god is n an id5tity ) fate1 provid5ce1 ,nature & ! ,univ]se4#aej ,s5eca1 z we h se51 dismisses ! !ory ( daemons or g5ii r abruptly--t is :at "s ?9k4 ,epictetus def9itely accepts !m1 s f> z any?+ "h is def9ite1 & ) !m1 or 9 !m1 ! ance/ral gods4 ,s5eca1 z we h se51 is contemptu\s ( popul> ritual & sup]/ition4 ,epictetus inculcates t z to piety ab\t ! gods1 ! *ief ?+ is to h "r op9ions ab\t !m1 b1 he concludes1 to make libations & to sacrifice accord+ to ! cu/om ( our fa!rs1 purely & n meanly1 nor c>elessly1 nor scantily1 nor above our ability1 is a ?+ :i* belongs to all to d4#aea ,:y d y1 he asks1 act ! "p ( a ,jew1 :5 y are a ,greek8#aeb ,he also accepts ! #ga fact ( div9ation4#aec ,inde$1 aside p]haps f conspicu\s extravagances1 ! popul> religion suffices4 ,)\t en?usiasm & )\t cle> belief1 ! ,/oic may take "p 9 ! ord9>y r\nd ( ! cults4 ,if he did n believe himself1 he po9t$ out a way to ! reflective poly!i/ by :i* he c\ld reconcile 8 traditional fai? ) philosophy--! _m gods 7 l ourselves manife/ations ( ! ,sp]maticos ,logos2 & he c\ld accept tol]antly ! ord9>y !ory ( daemons1 = ,*rysippus ev5 rais$ ! "q :e!r su* ?+s z ! disa/]s t befall good m5 are due to neglig5ce on ! "p ( ,provid5ce1 or to evil daemons 9 *>ge ( "s ?+s4#aed ,:ile = himself ! ,/oic _h ! /r5g? ( m9d to %ake (f sup]/ition1 ! common p1 & ev5 ! weak] bre?r5 ( ! ,/oic s*ool1 rema9$ saddl$ ) poly!ism & all its t]rors & follies4 ,( ?is compromise ,s5eca is guiltless4#aee ,x 0 difficult to cut ! connexion ) ,greek tradition--h[ difficult1 we see 9 ,plut>*'s case4 ,! ,/oics1 h[ev]1 fell betwe5 two /ools1 = !y _h n en\gh feel+ = ! pa/ to satisfy ! pi\s & patriotic1 nor ! resolution to be done ) x4 ,aft] all1 m help 0 to be _h f ,lucretius ?an f ,epictetus 9 ridd+ ! m9d ( ! p>alysis ( poly!ism4 ,b ! same in/9ct t made m5 dem& immortality = !mselves1 a feel+1 dim b /rong1 ( ! value ( p]sonality & ( love1 compell$ !m to seek p]sonality 9 ! div9e4 ,"h ! ,/oic _h to halt1 = aft] all x is a ?+ beyond ! p[] ( reason to demon/rate1 & he c\ld n "h allege1 z he lik$1 t ! facts />e "o 9 ! face4 ,s1 ) o!r ?9k]s1 impress$ at once by ! want ( evid5ce1 & impell$ by ! dem& = "s available t]ms1 he wav]$ betwe5 a cle> /atem5t ( 8 own unc]ta9ty1 & ! use ( popul> names4 ,zeus _h long be=e be5 adopt$ by ,clean!s 9 8 fam\s hymn1 b ?is 0 an elem5t ( weakness2 = ! wall-pa9t+s 9 e great h\se gave ano!r acc\nt ( ,zeus1 :i* beli$ e attribute ) :i* ! ,/oics cr$it$ him4 ,! apologi/s & ! ,/oics #gb expla9$ ! leg5ds by ! use ( allegory1 b1 z ,plato says1 *ildr5 _c di/+ui% betwe5 :at is & :at is n allegory--nor did ! common p4 ,! f9] religi\s temp]s dem&$ some?+ firm] & m real ?an allegory4 ,!y want$ ,god or ,gods1 immortal & et]nal2 & at be/ ! ,/oic gods 7 to melt l wax or t9 9 _! f9al conflagration1 :ile ,zeus too1 into :om !y 7 to be resolv$1 w\ld !reby und]go *ange1 & !re=e himself also prove p]i%able4#aef ,i put myself 9 ! h&s ( a ,/oic1 writes ,ju/9 ,m>tyr1 & ,i /ay$ a long "t ) him1 b :5 ,i got no fur!r 9 ! matt] ( ,god--= he did n "k himself & he us$ to say ?is k 0 n necess>y--,i left him4#aeg ,o!r m5 did n1 l ,ju/91 pursue _! philosophic /udies1 & :5 !y f\nd t1 :ile ! ,/oic's s5se ( tru? w\ld n let him ascribe p]sonality to ,god1 all r\nd !re 7 def9ite & au?oritative voices :i* left ! matt] 9 no d\bt1 !y made a quick *oice4 ,:at au?ority means to a man 9 su* a difficulty1 we "k only too well4 ,! ,/oics 9 "s measure felt _! weakness "h4 ,:5 !y tell u to foll[ ,god1 to obey ,god1 to look to ,god1 to live z ,god's sons1 & leave u n altoge!r cle> :at !y mean by ,god1 _! tea*+ is n v helpful1 = x is h>d to foll[ or look to a vaguely grasp$ conception4 ,!y realiz$ t "s m def9ite example 0 ne$$4 ,we ought to *oose "s good man1 writes ,s5eca1 & always h him be=e our eyes t we may live z if he wat*$ u1 & d ev]y?+ z if he saw4#aeh ,! idea came f ,epicurus4 ,d ev]y?+1 said he1 z if ,epicurus saw4 ,x is )\t d\bt a good ?+ to h set a gu>d ov] oneself1 to :om y may look1 :om y may feel pres5t 9 y\r ?\ghts4#aei ,:]ev] ,i am1 ,i am consort+ ) ! be/ m54 ,to !m1 9 :atev] spot1 9 :atev] age !y 71 ,i s5d my m9d4#afj ,he recomm5ds ,cato1 ,laelius1 ,socrates1 ,z5o4 ,epictetus has ! same advice4 ,:at w\ld ,socrates d8 is ! canon he recomm5ds4#afa ,?\gh y are n yet a ,socrates1 y #gc ought to live z "o :o wi%es to be a ,socrates4#afb ,g away to ,socrates & see him 444 ?9k :at a victory he felt he won ov] himself4#afc ,comte 9 a lat] day gave some:at simil> advice4 ,x seems to %[ t we _c d well )\t "s sort ( p]sonality 9 :i* to re/ ourselves4 ,sid5ote3 ,plut>*'s criticism ,:5 once ?is c5tral unc]ta9ty 9 ,/oicism appe>$1 all ! f9e & true words ! ,/oics spoke ( ,provid5ce lo/ _! mean+ = ord9>y m5 :o ?\ght quickly4 ,! religi\s tea*]s ( ! day laid hold ( ! old p>adoxes ( ! s*ool & ) !m demoli%$ ! ,/oic ,provid5ce4 ,*rysippus1 says ,plut>*1 nei!r pr(esses himself1 nor any "o ( 8 acqua9tances & tea*]s1 to be good 7sp\daion74 ,:at !n d !y ?9k ( o!rs1 b precisely :at !y say--t all m5 are insane1 fools1 unholy1 impi\s1 transgressors1 t !y rea* ! v acme ( mis]y & ( all wret*$ness8 ,& !n !y say t x is by ,provid5ce t our conc]ns are ord]$--& we s wret*$6 ,if ! ,gods 7 to *ange _! m9ds & wi% to hurt u1 to d u evil1 to ov]?r[ & utt]ly cru% u1 !y c\ld n put u 9 a worse condition2 = ,*rysippus demon/rates t life c admit no great] degree ei!r ( mis]y or unhapp9ess4#afd ,( c\rse1 ?is attack is unfair1 b x %[s h[ m5 felt4 ,!y dem&$ to "k h[ !y /ood ) ! gods--7 ! gods _m or "o8 7 !y p]sons or natural laws#afe or ev5 natural objects8 did !y c>e = mank9d8 = ! individual man8 ,?is dem& 0 edg$ by exactly ! same exp]i5ce ( life :i* made ,/oicism s ne$ful & s welcome to its foll[]s4 ,! pressure ( ! empire & ! t]rors ( liv+ drove "s to philosophy & _m m to ! gods--& = ^! c]ta9ty 0 imp]ative & ! ,/oics c\ld n give x4 ,x is easy1 b n s pr(itable z x seems1 to f9d faults 9 ! religion ( o!r m54 ,_! g5]ation reject$ ! ,/oics1 b !y may n h be5 "r4 ,if ! ,/oics 7 too ha/y 9 mak+ reason into a despot to rule ov] ! #gd emotions1 _! contempor>ies 7 no less ha/y 9 decid+1 on ! evid5ce ( emotions & desires1 t !re 7 gods1 & ^! ! gods ( _! fa!rs1 because !y wi%$ = inw>d peace & c\ld f9d x n[h]e else4 ,! ,/oics 7 at lea/ m hone/ ) !mselves1 & ?\gh _! s*ool pass$ away1 _! memory rema9$ & kept ! respect ( m5 :o diff]$ f !m1 b realiz$ t !y _h /ood = tru?4 ,*apt] ,,ii ,footnotes3 #a ,hi/4 i1 #b4 #b ,tac4 ,ann4 iv1 #cc1 sic conv]so /atu neque alia re ,romana quam si unus imp]itet4 #c ,hdt4 iii1 #hj4 ,cf4 ,tac4 ,a4 vi1 #dh1 #d1 vi dom9ationis convulsus et mutatus4 #d ,suetonius1 ,gaius1 #bi4 #e ,s54 de ira1 iii1 #ae1 #c4 #f ,lecky1 ,european ,morals1 i1 #bge2 ,epictetus1 ,d4 iii1 #ae4 #g ,s5eca1 ,ep4 #ij1 #cf-dc4 #h ,tacitus1 ,g]many1 cc4 #ah-bj4 #i ,tac4 ,a4 i1 #gb4 ,suetonius 7,tib4 #ei7 quotes specim5s4 #aj ,see ,boissi]1 ,tacite1 #ahh f42 l'opposition s\s les ,ces>s1 #bjh-bae4 #aa ,p]sius1 v1 #gc1 lib]tate opus e/4 #ab ,horace1 ,sat4 ii1 #b1 #gi4 #ac ,see ,edw>d ,caird1 ,evolution ( ,!ology 9 ! ,greek ,philosoph]s1 vol4 ii1 lectures xvii to xx1 & ,zell]1 ,eclectics1 pp4 #bce-bde4 ,s5eca1 ,b4,v4 #bj1 #c4 #ad ,epictetus1 ,d4 ii1 #h1 su apospasma ei t\ !\4 #ae ,lucan1 ix1 #efd-ehf1 conta9s a %ort summ>y ( ,/oicism1 suppos$ to be spok5 by ,cato4 #af ,epictetus1 ,d4 i1 #i 7"s l9es omitt$74 #ag phantasiai1 impressions left on ! m9d by ?+s or ev5ts4 #ah ,epictetus1 ,d4 i1 #i4 #ai ,diog5es ,la]tius1 vii1 #a1 #ec2 see ,caird1 op4 cit4 vol4 ii1 p4 #abd4 #bj ,see ,lecky1 ,european ,morals1 i1 #abh1 #abi4 #ba ,ep4 #ajh1 #bb1 philosophiam od]at4 #bb ,) ^! passages comp>e ! f9e acc\nt :i* ,p]sius gives 7,sat4 v7 ( 8 e>ly /udies ) ! ,/oic ,cornutus4 #bc ,plut>*1 de esu c>nium1 ii1 #e4 #bd ,plut>*1 de esu c>nium1 i1 #f1 on clogg+ ! s\l by eat+ fle%4 ,clem4 ,alex4 ,pa$4 ii1 #af1 says ,/ ,mat!w liv$ on se$s1 nuts & vegetables1 & )\t meat4 #be ,plut>*1 de esu c>nium1 ii1 #a4 #bf ,s54 ,ep4 #ajh1 #c1 #ac-bc4 #bg ,?is is a quality t ,qu9tilian notes 9 8 /yle = praise or blame4 ,o!rs 7,gellius1 ,n4,a4 xii1 #b7 f\nd 9 him levis et quasi dicax argutia4 #bh ,ep4 #gh1 #b1 #c1 patris me indulg5tissimi s5ectus ret9uit4 #bi ,ep4 #eh1 #e4 #cj ,ep4 #ie1 #fe #ca ,8 nephew ,lucan1 ,qu9tilian sev]ely says1 0 p]haps a bett] model = orators ?an = poets4 #cb ,ep4 #di1 #b4 ,virgil made "o spee*4 #cc ad ,polybium1 #ac1 #b1 #c4 #cd ,juv5al1 x1 #af1 magnos ,s5eca pra$ivitis hortos4 #ce ,ann4 xiii1 #ab1 #b4 #cf ,tac4 ,ann4 xiii1 #ae-ag4 #cg ,tac4 ,ann4 xiv1 #ea4 #ch ,tac4 ,ann4 xiii1 #db4 #ci ,b4,v4 #bj1 #c4 #dj ,b4,v4 #bc1 #a4 #da ,tac4 ,ann4 xiv1 #eb-ef4 #db de tranqu4 animi1 #aj1 #f4 #dc ,tac4 ,ann4 xiv1 #fe2 xv1 #de-fe4 #dd ,b4 ,w4 ,h5d]son1 ,n]o1 pp4 #bhj-c4 #de ,tac4 ,ann4 xv1 #fe2 ,juv5al1 viii1 #bab4 #df ,tac4 ,ann4 xv1 #de1 #f4 #dg ,?is is emphasiz$ by ,zell]1 ,eclectics1 #bdj1 & by ,dill1 ,roman ,society f ,n]o to ,m>cus1 #cbd1 #cbf4 #dh ae ,clem4 i1 #f4 #di ,transcrib]'s note3 ?is footnote miss+ f book #ej ,ep4 #fa1 #a4 #ea ,lucian1 ,nigr9us1 #ai1 says !re is no bett] s*ool = virtue1 no tru] te/ ( moral /r5g?1 ?an life 9 ! city ( ,rome4 #eb ,gellius1 ,n4,a4 ii1 #ah1 #aj4 #ec ,gell4 ,n4,a4 xv1 #aa1 #e4 #ed ,manual1 ,j4 ,i h con/antly us$ ,long's translation1 b (t5 alt]$ x4 ,x is a f9e piece ( "w1 well wor? ! ,engli% read]'s /udy4 #ee ,d4 iii1 #bf4 ,comp>e & contra/ ,t]tullian1 de ,idol1 #ab1 fides famem nan timet4 ,scit enim famem non m9us sibi contemn5dam propt] ,deum quam omne mortis g5us4 ,! practical po9t is ! same1 p]haps2 ! motive1 h[ diff]5t6 #ef ,d4 iii1 #bd2 iv1 #a2 ,m4 #aa1 #bf4 #eg ,d4 ii1 #bd4 ,he ma9ta9s1 too1 aga9/ ,epicurus ! naturalness ( love = *ildr52 once born1 we _c help lov+ !m1 ,d4 i1 #bc4 #eh ,d4 iv1 #a4 #ei ,d4 iv1 #e1 !lei ta allotrie me e9ai allotria4 #fj ,d4 i1 #ah4 ,?is does n /op 8 condemn+ ! adult]]1 ,d4 ii1 #d 7man1 he said1 is =m$ = fidelity71 #aj4 ,s5eca on outw>d goods1 ad ,m>ciam1 #aj4 #fa ,m4 #dj4 #fb ,fragm5t1 #ec4 #fc ,d4 i1 id4 #fd ,d4 iii1 #ab1 class+ ! korasidion ) w9e & cake4 #fe ,m4 #cc4 #ff ,d4 iv1 #aa4 #fg ,gell4 ,n4,a4 i1 #b1 #f2 xvii1 #ai1 #a4 #fh ,lucian1 adv4 ,indoct4 #ac4 #fi ,d4 iii1 #i4 #gj ,m4 #df4 #ga ,d4 iii1 #bb1 kakorygka4 #gb ,d4 iii1 #bb4 ,lucian says ,epictetus urg$ ,demonax to take a wife & leave "s "o to repres5t him 9 po/]ity4 ,v well1 ,epictetus1 said ,demonax1 give me "o ( y\r own daught]s 7v4 ,demon4 #ee74 #gc ,epict4 ,d4 iii1 #bd4 /rateia tis e/9 ho bios heka/\1 kai aute makra kai toikile4 t]e9 se dei to /ratiot\ prosneuma kai t\ /rateg\ prasse9 heka/a1 ei oion44 #gd ,epict4 ,d4 iii1 #bc4 #ge ,s54 ,ep4 #aab1 #c4 #gf de ira1 iii1 #cf1 #a-d4 #gg ,s54 de tranqu4 animi1 #a4 #gh ,epict4 ,d4 iii1 #aj4 ,i h "h slightly alt]$ ,mr ,long's r5d]+4 #gi ,d4 iv1 #f4 #hj ,cf4 ,p]sius1 iii1 #ff-gb1 causas cognoscite r]um1 quid sumus aut quidnam victuri gignimur 444 quem te deus esse iussit et humana qua p>te locatus es 9 re4 #ha ,d4 ii1 #aa4 ,see ,davidson1 ,/oic ,cre$1 pp4 #fi1 #ha1 on innate ideas4 ,plut>*1 de coh4 ira1 #ae1 on ,z5o's doctr9e1 to sp]ma summigma kai k]asma ton tes phu*es dynameon hyp>*e9 apespasm5on4 #hb ,! qualification may be illu/rat$ f ,cic]o's ,/oic1 de ,nat4 ,deor1 ii1 #ff1 #afg1 ,magna di curant p>va neglegunt4 #hc ,ep4 #ie1 #dg-ej4 ,cf4 ,ep4 #da2 de ,prov4 i1 #e4 ,a v close p>allel1 ) a /rong ,/oic t+e1 9 ,m9ucius ,felix1 #cb1 #b1 #c1 end+ ,sic apud nos religiosior e/ ille qui iu/ior4 #hd ,nat4 ,quae/4 ii1 #de4 ,cf4 ,t]tullian1 ,apol4 #ba1 on ,z5o's te/imony to ! ,logos1 z creator1 fate1 ,god1 animus ,iovis & necessitas omnium r]um4 #he ,cf4 ,s54 ,ep4 #da1 #a4 ,prope e/ a te deus1 tecum e/1 intus e/4 ,ita dico1 ,lucili1 sac] intra nos spiritus s$et malorum bonorumque no/rorum obs]vator et cu/os4 #hf ,epict4 ,d4 i1 #ad4 ,see ,clem4 ,alex4 ,/rom1 vii1 #cg1 = an int]e/+ acc\nt ( h[ ph?anei he !ia dynamis1 ka?ap] phos diide9 t5 phy*54 #hg ,ep4 #aaj1 #a1 pa$agogam d>i deum4 #hh ,d4 iii1 #bd1 #hi ,d4 ii1 #ad4 #ij de provid5tia1 #b1 #f-i4 #ia de ,prov4 #d1 #a4 #ib de ,prov4 #e1 #g4 ,see ,ju/9 ,m>tyr's criticism ( ,/oic fatalism1 ,apol4 ii1 #g4 ,x involves1 he says1 ei!r ,god's id5tity ) ! _w ( *ange1 or 8 implication 9 all vice1 or else t virtue & vice are no?+--consequ5ces :i* are alike contr>y to e sane ee5oia1 to logos & to n\s4 #ic de ,prov4 #e1 #h4 #id ,plut>*1 adv4 ,/oicos1 #cc1 on ?is ,/oic p>adox ( ! equality ( ,god & ! sage4 #ie de ,prov4 #f1 #e-g4 ,?is ,/oic ju/ification ( suicide 0 repudiat$ alike by ,*ri/ians & ,neo-,platoni/s4 #if ,d4 i1 #a4 #ig ,d4 i1 #ab4 ,see also ,d4 ii1 #af ,we say ',"l ,god6 h[ %all ,i n be anxi\s8' ,fool1 h y n h&s1 did n ,god make !m = y8 ,sit d[n n[ & pray t y\r nose may n run4 #ih ,cf4 ,cic]o's ,/oic1 ,n4,d4 ii1 #ff1 #afg1 ,nemo igitur vir magnus s9e aliquo afflatu div9o unquam fuit4 #ii ,ep4 #da1 #a1 #b4 7,! l9e is f ,virgil1 ,a54 viii1 #ceb47 ,! re/ ( ! lett] develops ! idea ( div9e dep5d5ce4 ,sic animus magnus ac sac] et 9 hoc demissus at propius quidem div9a nossemus1 conv]satur quidem nobiscum s$ ha]et orig9i suae1 etc4 #ajj ,ep4 #gc1 #ae1 #af4 #aja ,epictetus1 ,d4 i1 #f4 #ajb ,d4 i1 #i4 #ajc ,d4 iv1 #a4 #ajd ,d4 iv1 #a4 #aje ,d4 ii1 #af end1 ) a v>iant betwe5 sos eimi & isos eimi1 ! =m] ( :i*1 ,long says1 is c]ta94 #ajf ,d4 i1 #af4 ,contra/ ! passage ( ,clem5t quot$ on p4 #bhf4 #ajg ,d4 ii1 #af4 #ajh ,d4 ii1 #af4 #aji ,d4 iii1 #ac4 #aaj ,d4 ii1 #bb4 #aaa ,ep4 #ie1 #ea-ec4 #aab de ira1 iii1 #bh1 #a4 #aac ,ep4 #ie1 #cc1 homo sacra res hom9i4 #aad ,see ,lecky1 ,european ,morals1 i1 #bid ff43 ,ma9e1 ,anci5t ,law1 p4 #ed f4 #aae ,see1 by ! way1 ,plut>*'s bant] on ?is polity--! />s its tribesm51 ! sun1 d\btless1 c\ncillor1 & ,hesp]us prytanis or a/ynomus1 adv4 ,/o4 #cd4 #aaf ,epict4 ,d4 ii1 #e2 ,m4 ,aurelius1 viii1 #cd4 #aag ,ep4 #fc1 #ad4 #aah ,d4 iii1 #bd4 #aai ,d4 iv1 #a4 #abj ib4 #aba ,d4 iv1 #f4 #abb ,m4 #af4 #abc ,cf4 ,!ophilus 7! apologi/ ( ab\t #afj ,a4,d471 ii1 #d1 :o1 ?\gh n always to be tru/$ z to ! ,/oics1 rem>ks ?is id5tification ( ,god & consci5ce4 #abd ,d4 i1 #bi4 #abe ,cf4 ,d4 i1 #a2 iii1 #ai2 iv1 #d2 iv1 #ab1 & v _m o!r passages4 #abf ,d4 iv1 #i1 end4 #abg ,ep4 #ca1 #e4 #abh ,plut>*1 ,progress 9 ,virtue1 c4 #b1 #gf ,a1 on ! absurdity ( !re be+ no diff]5ce betwe5 ,plato & ,meletus4 ,cf4 also de repugn4 ,/oic4 #aa1 #ajcg ,d4 #abi ,unconditional eradication1 says ,zell]1 ,eclectics1 p4 #bbf4 ,i d n hold ) ^? :o hymn ! savage & h>d ,apa?y 7t5 agrion kai skl]an71 wrote ,plut>*4 ,cons1 ad ,apoll4 #c1 #ajb ,c4 ,see ,clem4 ,alex4 ,/r4 ii1 #aaj1 on pa!2 z produc$ by ! ag5cy ( spirits1 & note 8 talk ( ,*ri/ian ,apa?y4 ,/r4 vi1 #ga-gf4 #acj ,ju/9 ,m>tyr 7,apol4 ii1 #h7 praises ,/oic morality & speaks ( ,/oics :o suff]$ = x4 #aca ,cf4 ,epict4 ,d4 iii1 #be4 #acb ,s54 ,ep4 #ej1 #d4 #acc ,p]sius1 iii1 #ch4 #acd ,ep4 #f1 #a4 #ace e4g4 ,ep4 #eg1 #c1 he is n ev5 homo tol]abilis4 ,on ! bondage ( ! s\l )9 ! body1 see ,ep4 #fe1 #ba-bc4 #acf ,cf4 ,s5eca1 ,ep4 #ec1 #g1 #h--quo quis peius habet m9us s5tit4 ,! worse "o is1 ! less he notices x4 #acg ,d4 i1 #e4 #ach ,plut4 de repugn4 ,/oic4 #cd1 #ajej ,c4 ,cf4 ,t]t4 de exh4 ca/it4 #b4 #aci ,cf4 ,plut>*1 non suavit]1 #aajd ,f4 kataphron\ntes eauton os ephem]on k!--( ! ,epicureans4 #adj ,cf4 ,plut>*1 non suavit]1 #aajd ,c4 tes aidiotetus elpis kai ho po?os t\ e9ai manton epoton prespytatos on kai mel/os4 ,cf4 ib4 #ajic ,a4 #ada ,s54 ,ep4 #aag1 #f4 #adb ,ep4 #ajb1 #b4 #adc ,ep4 #ajb1 #ba2 ! foll[+ passages are f ! same lett]4 ,note ! ,/oic significance ( naturale4 #add ,comp>e ,cons4 ad ,m>c4 #be1 #a1 integ] ille1 etc4 #ade ,! la/ words ( ! ,consolation4 ,plut>* on resolution into pur no]on1 non suavit]1 #aajg ,b4 #adf ad ,polyb4 #i1 #c4 #adg ,d4 iii1 #ac4 ,plut>* 7non suavit]1 #aajf ,e7 says ,cocytus1 etc41 are n ! *ief t]ror b he t\ me ontos apeile4 #adh ,d4 iii1 #bd4 #adi ,see ,plut>* on ?is1 non suavit]1 #aaje ,e4 #aej ,s5eca1 ,n4,q4 ii1 #de4 #aea ,manual1 #ca4 ,plut>*1 de repugn4 ,/oic4 #f1 #ajcd ,b1 ,c1 rem>ks on ,/oic inconsi/5cy 9 accept+ popul> religi\s usages4 #aeb ,d4 ii1 #i4 ,9 ,d4 v1 #g1 he ref]s to ,galilaeans1 s t x is q possible he has ,*ri/ians 9 view "h4 #aec ,m4 #cb2 ,d4 iii1 #bb4 #aed ,plut4 de repugn4 ,/oic4 #cg1 #ajea ,c4 #aee ,t]tullian1 ,apol4 #ab1 idem e/is qui ,s5ecam aliquem pluribus et am>ioribus de ve/ra sup]/itione p]orantem repreh5di/is4 #aef ,see ,plut>*1 de comm4 n4 adv4 ,/oicos1 c4 #ca1 & de def4 orac4 #dbj ,a1 c4 #ai2 ,ju/9 ,m4 ,apol4 ii1 #g4 #aeg ,dial4 c4 ,tryphone1 #b4 #aeh ,s54 ,ep4 #aa1 #h4 #aei ,ep4 #be1 #e4 #afj ,ep4 #fb1 #b1 cf4 #ajd1 #ba4 #afa ,m4 #cc1 ti nan epoies5 en t\to ,sokrates he ,z5on4 #afb ,m4 #ej4 #afc ,d4 ii1 #ah4 ,! tone ( ,t]tullian1 e4g4 9 de ,anima1 #a1 on ! ,pha$o1 sugge/s t ,socrates may h be5 ov]-prea*$4 ,:at too 7ib4 #f7 ( b>b>ians & _! s\ls1 :o h no prison ( ,socrates1 etc8 #afd ,plut4 de ,/oic4 repugnantiis1 #ca1 #ajdh ,e4 ,cf4 de comm4 n4 #cc4 #afe ,plut>*1 ,amat4 #ac1 #geg ,c4 horas dep\ ton upolambanonta bu?on hemas a!otetos1 an eis pa! kai dynameis kai aretas diagraphom5 eka/on ton !on4 #ge ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,plut>* ,/oicism z a sy/em did n capture ! anci5t _w1 & ev5 ^u individuals x did n reta9 an undivid$ hold4 ,to pron\nce ) its admir]s to-day t x fail$ because ! _w 0 n wor?y ( x1 w\ld be a judgm5t1 nei!r q false nor altoge!r true1 b at be/ n v illum9ative4 ,m5 are said to be sl[ 9 tak+ 9 new ?\ghts1 & yet x is equally true t some:]e 9 ne>ly e man !re is some?+ t responds to ideas1 & ev5 to !ories2 b if ^! on long] acqua9tance fail to h>monize ) ! deep] in/9cts )9 him1 !y al>m & annoy1 & ! response comes 9 ! =m ( re-action4 ,9 mod]n times1 we h se5 ! m9d ( a great p surr5d]$ = a :ile to !ori/s & ideali/s4 ,! ?9k+ "p ( ! ,fr5* nation 0 c>ri$ away by ! inspiration ( ,r\sseau into all sorts ( exp]im5ts at putt+ into ha/y op]ation ! pr9ciples & ideas !y _h m or less le>nt f ! ma/]4 ,ev5 !ories extemporiz$ on ! mom5t1 x 0 hop$1 might be made ! f\ndations ( a new & ideal social fabric4 ,! absurdities ( ! old religion yield$ place to ,reason--embodi$ symbolically = ! h\r 9 ! p]son ( ,mme ,momoro--aft]w>ds1 m vaguely1 9 ,robespi]re's ,supreme ,be+1 :o really came f ,r\sseau4 ,& !n--avec ton ,etre ,supreme tu comm5ces a m'embet]1 said ,billaud to ,robespi]re himself4 ,)9 a g5]ation ,*ateaubri&1 de ,mai/re1 ,bonald1 & de la ,m5nais 7 busy ref\nd+ ! ,*ri/ian fai?4 ,! rites ( ,*ri/ianity1 wrote ,*ateaubri&1 are 9 ! highe/ degree moral1 if = no o!r reason ?an t !y h be5 practis$ by our fa!rs1 t our mo!rs h wat*$ ov] our cradles z ,*ri/ian wom51 t ! ,*ri/ian religion has *ant$ its psalms ov] our p>5ts' c(f9s & invok$ peace ^u !m 9 _! graves4 #gf ,alongside ( ?is let u set a s5t5ce or two ( ,plut>*4 ,our fa!r !n1 address+ ,pemptides by "n1 said1 ',y seem to me1 ,pemptides1 to be h&l+ a v big matt] & a risky "o--or r1 y are discuss+ :at %\ld n be discuss$ at all 7ta ak9eta k9e971 :5 y "q ! op9ion we hold ab\t ! gods1 & ask reason & demon/ration = ev]y?+4 ,= ! anci5t & ance/ral fai? is en\gh 7arkei g> he patrios kai palaia pi/is71 & no cle>] pro( c\ld be f\nd ?an itself-- ,n ?\gh man's wisdom scale ! heights ( ?\ght-- b x is a common home & an e/abli%$ f\ndation = all piety2 & if 9 "o po9t its /able & traditional "* 7to beba9on autes kai n5omism5on7 be %ak5 & di/urb$1 x w be und]m9$ & no "o w tru/ x4444 ,if y dem& pro( ab\t ea* ( ! anci5t gods1 lay+ h&s on ev]y?+ sacr$ & br++ y\r sophi/ry to play on e alt>1 y w leave no?+ free f quibble & cross-exam9ation 7oud5 asykophanteton oud abasani/on74444 ,o!rs w say t ,aphrodite is desire & ,h]mes reason1 ! ,muses crafts & ,a!ne ?\ght4 ,d y see1 !n1 ! abyss ( a!ism t lies at our feet1 if we resolve ea* ( ! gods into a passion or a =ce or a virtue8'#a ,su* an utt]ance is unmi/akeable--x means a cons]vative re-action1 & 9 ano!r place we f9d its ju/ification 9 religi\s emotion4 ,no?+ gives u m joy ?an :at we see & d ourselves 9 div9e s]vice1 :5 we c>ry ! emblems1 or jo9 9 ! sacr$ dance1 or /& by at ! sacrifice or initiation4444 ,x is :5 ! s\l mo/ believes & p]ceives t ! god is pres5t1 t %e mo/ puts f h] pa9 & fe> & anxiety1 & gives h]self up to joy1 yes1 ev5 z f> z intoxication & laught] & m]rim5t4444 ,9 sacr$ processions & sacrifices n only ! old man & ! old woman1 nor ! poor & l[ly1 b ,! ?ick-legg$ drudge t sways h] at ! mill1 & h\sehold slaves & hirel+s are uplift$ by joy & triumph4 ,ri* m5 & k+s h always _! own banquets & fea/s--b ! fea/s 9 ! temples & at initiations1 :5 m5 seem to t\* ! div9e mo/ ne>ly 9 _! ?\ght1 #gg ) hon\r & wor%ip1 h a pleasure & a *>m f> m exce$+4 ,& 9 ?is no man %>es :o has r5\nc$ belief 9 ,provid5ce4 ,= x is n abundance ( w9e1 nor ! roa/+ ( meat1 t gives ! joy 9 ! fe/ivals1 b also a good hope1 & a belief t ! god is pres5t & graci\s1 & accepts :at is be+ done ) a fri5dly m9d4#b ,sid5ote3 ,cont9uity ( religion ,"o ( ,*ateaubri&'s critics says t 8 plea c\ld be advanc$ on behalf ( any religion2 & ,plut>* _h already made x on behalf ( 8 own4 ,he looks pa/ ! ,/oics1 & he f9ds 9 memory & association argum5ts t outweigh any?+ !y c say4 ,! ,sp]maticos ,logos 0 a m]e ,etre ,supreme--a sublime conception p]haps1 b x _h no appeal to emotion1 x wak$ no memories1 x t\*$ no *ord ( p]sonal association4 ,we live s l>gely by in/9ct1 memory & association1 t any?+ t ?reat5s !m seems to /rike at our life1 ,s 0 x :5 my life began2 ,s is x n[ ,i am a man2 ,s be x :5 ,i %all gr[ old1 ,or let me die6 ,! ,*ild is fa!r ( ! ,man2 ,& ,i c\ld wi% my days to be ,b\nd ea* to ea* by natural piety4 ,"s su* ?\ght is native to e he>t1 & ! man :o does n cl+ to 8 own pa/ seems want+ 9 some?+ ess5tially human4 ,! gods 7 "p ( ! pa/ ( ! anci5t _w1 & if ,reason took !m away1 :at 0 left8 ,!re 0 s mu*1 too1 t ,reason c\ld n grasp2 s mu* to be le>nt 9 ritual & 9 my/]y t to ! m]ely ?9k+ m9d _h no mean+1--t mu/ be receiv$4 ,reason 0 invok$ s lightly1 & appli$ s c>elessly & h>%ly1 t x c\ld take no acc\nt ( ! t5d] ?+s ( ! he>t4 ,reason de/roy$ b did n create1 que/ion$ )\t answ]+1 & left life )\t sanction or communion4 ,x 0 too (t5 a m]e affair ( clev]ness4 ,x _h its use & place1 no d\bt1 9 correct+ extravagances ( belief1 b x 0 by no means ! sole au?ority 9 man's life1 & its function 0 ess5tially to be ! h&maid ( religion4 ,we mu/ take #gh ,reason f philosophy to be our my/agogue & !n 9 holy rev]5ce consid] ea* sev]al ^w & act ( wor%ip4#c ,plut>* is our repres5tative man 9 ?is revival ( religion1 & "s survey ( 8 life & environm5t w enable u to ent] m fully into 8 ?\ght1 & ?r\gh him to und]/& bett] ! beg9n+s ( a great religi\s movem5t1 ( :i* /ud5ts too (t5 h lo/ sight4 ,= c5turies ! great m5 ( ,greek lett]s 7 natives ( e region ( ! ea/]n ,m$it]ranean except ,greece1 & ,plut>* /&s alone 9 lat] lit]ature a ,hell5 ( ! mo!rl&--,greek by blood1 bir?1 home & in/9ct1 pr\d ( 8 race & 8 l&1 ( _! hi/ory1 _! art & _! lit]ature4 ,:5 we speak ( ! influ5ce ( ! pa/1 x is well to rememb] to h[ great a pa/ ?is man look$ back1 & f :at a pres5t4 ,long ye>s ( faction & w>1 z he himself says1 _h depopulat$ ,greece1 & ! :ole l& c\ld h>dly furni% n[ ! ?ree ?\s& hoplites t f\r c5turies be=e ,meg>a alone _h s5t to ,plataea4 ,9 regions :]e oracles ( note _h be51 !y 7 no m2 _! exi/5ce w\ld b h emphasiz$ ! solitude--:at good w\ld an oracle be at ,tegyra1 or ab\t ,pt\m1 :]e 9 a day's j\rney y might p]haps come on a solit>y %eph]d8#d ,x 0 n only t w>s & faction fights _h wa/$ ! life ( ! ,greek p1 b ) ! op5+ ( ! f> ,ea/ by ,alex&]1 & ! developm5t ( ! ,we/ "u ,roman rule1 ,comm]ce _h %ift$ its c5tres1 & ! ,greeks _h left _! old homes = new regions4 ,/ill ke5 on money1 philosophy & art1 !y ?rong$ ,alex&ria1 ,antio* & ,rome1 & a ?\s& o!r cities4 ,! ,petrie papyri h reveal$ a new feature ( ?is emigration1 = ! wills ( ! settl]s (t5 m5tion ! names ( _! wives1 & ^! 7 ,greek wom5 & n ,egyptian1 z ! names ( _! fa!rs & homes prove4#e ,julius ,caes> _h re/or$ ,cor9? a c5tury aft] ,mummius de/roy$ x1 & ,a!ns 0 /ill z %e _h be5 & 0 to be = c5turies1 ! resort ( e "o :o lov$ philosophy & lit]ature4#f ,^! 7 ! two #gi cities ( ,greece2 ! re/ 7 rem9d]s ( :at _h be54 ,9 "o ( ^! =sak5 places ,plut>* 0 born1 & !re he 0 cont5t to live & die1 a citiz5 & a magi/rate ( ,*a]onea 9 ,boeotia4 ,sid5ote3 ,8 family circle ,8 family 0 an old "o1 long associat$ ) ,*a]onea4 ,f *ildhood 8 life 0 root$ 9 ! pa/ by ! mo/ natural & delightful ( all connexions4 ,8 great-gr&fa!r1 ,nic>*us1 us$ to tell h[ 8 fell[-citiz5s 7 comm&e]$ to c>ry :eat on _! own backs d[n to ,anticyra = ,antony's fleet--& 7 quick5$ up ) ! :ip z !y w5t2 & !n :5 !y _h tak5 "o consignm5t s1 & ! second 0 already done up into loads & ready1 ! news came t ,antony 0 defeat$1 & t sav$ ! city2 = at once ,antony's ag5ts & soldi]s fl$1 & !y divid$ ! gra9 among !mselves4#g ,! gr&fa!r1 ,lamprias1 liv$ long & saw ! gr&son a gr[n man4 ,he appe>s (t5 9 ,plut>*'s ,table ,talk--a bright old man & a lively talk]--l inc5se1 he said1 he 0 be/ :5 w>m$ up4#h ,he ?\ght poorly ( ! ,jews = n eat+ pork--a mo/ righte\s di%1 he said4#i ,he _h tales ( 8 own ab\t ,antony1 pick$ up long ago f "o ,philotas1 :o _h be5 a m$ical /ud5t 9 ,alex&ria & a fri5d ( "o ( ! royal cooks1 & ev5tually m$ical att5dant to a son ( ,antony's by ,fulvia4#aj ,plut>*'s fa!r 0 a quiet1 s5sible man1 :o ma9ta9$ ! practice ( sacrific+1#aa kept good horses1#ab knew 8 ,hom]1 & _h some?+ ( 8 son's curi\s int]e/ 9 odd problems4 ,x is p]haps an accid5t t ,plut>* nev] m5tions 8 "n1 b1 ?\gh he (t5 speaks ( him1 x is always ( my fa!r or our fa!r--! lifelong & in/9ctive habit4 ,!re 7 also two bro!rs4 ,! witty & amiable ,lamprias lov$ laught] & 0 an exp]t 9 danc+--a useful man to put ?+s "r :5 ! dance w5t ) m _s ?an music4#ac ,( ,timon we he> less1 b ,plut>* sets ,timon's goodness ( he>t among ! v be/ gifts ,=tune has s5t him4#ad ,he emphasizes ! bond t bro!rs h 9 ! family sacrifices1 #hj ance/ral rites1 ! common home & ! common grave4#ae ,t ,plut>* always _h fri5ds1 m5 ( k9dly nature & intellig5ce1 & "s ( !m em95t1 is n surpris+4 ,o!r human relation%ips1 to be m5tion$ h]eaft]1 complet$ 8 circle4 ,he 0 born1 & grew up1 & liv$1 9 a network ( love & sympa?y1 ! record ( :i* is 9 all 8 books4 ,plut>* 0 born ab\t ! ye> #ej ,a4,d41 &1 :5 ,n]o w5t on t\r ?r\gh ,greece 9 #ff ,a4,d41 he 0 a /ud5t at ,a!ns "u ,ammonius4#af ,he recalls t among 8 fell[-/ud5ts 0 a desc5dant ( ,!mi/ocles1 :o bore 8 ance/or's "n & /ill enjoy$ ! hon\rs grant$ to him & 8 po/]ity at ,magnesia4#ag ,ammonius1 :om he hon\r$ & quot$ ?r\gh\t life1 0 a ,platoni/#ah mu* int]e/$ 9 ,ma!matics4#ai ,he 0 a s]i\s & k9dly tea*] ) a wide range ( int]e/s1 n all speculative4 ,plut>* records a discussion ( danc+ by ! good ,ammonius4#bj ,he 0 ?rice ,g5]al at ,a!ns1#ba & _h at any rate once ! exp]i5ce ( an excit$ mob %\t+ = him 9 ! /reet1 :ile he supp$ ) 8 fri5ds indoors4 ,plut>* _h _m int]e/s 9 ,a!ns1 9 its lit]ature1 its philosophy & its anci5t hi/ory--9 its relics1 too1 = he speaks ( memorials ( ,phocion & ,demo/h5es /ill extant4 ,b he l+]s especially ov] ! wond]s ( ,p]icles & ,phidias1 /ill fre% & new & unt\*$ by "t1 z if a _s ( et]nal y\?1 a s\l t 0 ageless1 7 9 ! "w ( ! arti/4#bb ,a!ns 0 a cons]vative place1 on ! :ole1 & a great resort = /rang]s4 ,! ,a!nian love ( talk is notic$ by ,luke ) a t\* ( satire1 & ,dio ,*ryso/om admitt$ t ! ,a!nians fell %ort ( ! glory ( _! city & _! ance/ors4#bc ,yet m5 lov$ ,a!ns4#bd ,aulus ,gellius 9 memory ( 8 ye>s !re1 call$ 8 book ( collections ,attic ,nights1 & "h & !re he speaks ( /ud5t life--,x 0 f ,a,egina to ,piraeus t "s ( u :o 7 fell[-/ud5ts1 ,greeks & ,romans1 7 cross+ 9 ! same %ip4 #ha ,x 0 night4 ,! sea 0 calm4 ,x 0 summ]time & ! sky 0 cle> & /ill4 ,s we 7 sitt+ on ! poop1 all ( u toge!r1 ) our eyes ^u ! %9+ />s1 & fell to talk+ ab\t _! names4#be ,sid5ote3 ,8 travels ,:5 8 /ud5t days 7 ov]1 ,plut>* saw some?+ ( ! _w4 ,he alludes to a visit to ,alex&ria1#bf b1 ?\gh he 0 int]e/$ 9 ,egyptian religion1 z we %all see1 he does n speak ( travels 9 ! c\ntry4 ,he mu/ h kn[n ,european ,greece well1 b he _h little k1 x seems1 ( ,asia ,m9or & little int]e/ 9 x4 ,he w5t once on (ficial bus9ess = 8 city to ! pro-consul ( ,illyricum--& _h a useful lesson f 8 fa!r :o told him to say ,we 9 8 report1 ?\gh 8 appo9t$ colleague _h fail$ to g ) him4#bg ,he twice w5t to ,italy 9 ! reigns ( ,vespasian & ,domitian1 & he seems to h /ay$ = "s "t 9 ,rome1 mak+ fri5ds 9 high places & giv+ lectures4 ,( ! great ,lat9 writ]s ( 8 day he m5tions none1 nor is he m5tion$ by !m4 ,b he tells ) pride h[ once ,arul5us ,ru/icus _h a lett] f ,domitian br\ght him by a soldi] 9 ! middle ( "o ( ^! lectures & kept x unop5$ till ! end4#bh ,! lectures 7 giv5 9 ,greek4 ,he confesses to 8 fri5d ,sossius ,s5ecio t1 ow+ to ! pressure ( political bus9ess & ! numb] ( p :o came ab\t him = philosophy1 :5 he 0 9 ,rome1 x 0 late inde$ 9 life t he attempt$ to le>n ,lat92 & :5 he read ,lat91 x 0 ! g5]al s5se ( a passage t help$ him to ! mean+ ( ! words4 ,! niceties ( ! language he c\ld n attempt1 he says1 ?\gh x w\ld h be5 a graceful & pleasant ?+ = "o ( m leisure & few] ye>s4#bi ,t ?is confession is a true "o is %[n by ! scanty use he makes ( ,roman books 9 8 biographies1 by 8 want ( acqua9tance ) ,lat9 lit]ature1 poetry & philosophy1 & by blund]s 9 detail not$ by 8 critics4 ,s9e patris is a poor attempt at ,lat9 gramm> = a man ( 8 le>n+1 & 9 8 life ( ,lucullus he has turn$ ! /reets ( ,rome into villages ?r\gh inatt5tion to ! v>i\s mean+s ( vicus4#cj #hb ,b1 z he says1 he 0 a citiz5 ( a small t[n1 & he did n wi% to make x small]1#ca & he w5t back to ,*a]onea & obscurity4 ,a city he held to be an organism l a liv+ be+1#cb & he nev] c>$ = a man on :om ! claims ( 8 city sat loosely--z !y did on ! ,/oics4#cc ,! _w 0 full ( ,greek philosoph]s & rhetoricians1 lectur+ & declaim+1 to _! great pr(it & glory1 b ,plut>* 0 cont5t to /ay at home1 to be magi/rate & prie/4 ,if m5 laugh$ to see him inspect+ ! measurem5t ( tiles & ! c>ry+ ( cem5t & /ones--x is n = myself1 ,i say1 t ,i am do+ ?is b = my native-place4#cd ,?is 0 :5 he 0 ,tele>*--an (fice once held by ,epame9ondas1 z he lik$ to rememb]4 ,pl9y's lett]s %[ t ?is (ficial inspection ( municipal build+ op]ations by hone/ & capable m5 0 t]ribly ne$$4 ,b ,plut>* rose to high] dignities1 & z ,ar*on ,eponymos he _h to preside ov] fea/s & sacrifices4#ce ,he 0 also a ,boeot>*4 ,! ,roman ,empire did n leave mu* political activity ev5 to ! free cities1 b ,plut>* loyally accept$ ! new era z f ,god1 & f\nd 9 x _m bless+s ( peace & quiet1 & "s opportunities /ill ( s]v+ 8 city4 ,he held a prie/hood at ,delphi1 ) "s *>ge ov] ! oracle & a /ew>d%ip at ! ,py?ian games4 ,he lov$ ,delphi1 & its %r9e & antiquities1#cf & made ! temple ! sc5e ( "s ( 8 be/ dialogues4 ,! k9d ,apollo 7ho philos71 he says1 seems to heal ! que/ions ( life1 & to resolve !m1 by ! rules he gives to ^? :o ask2 b ! que/ions ( ?\ght he himself sugge/s to ! philosophic temp]am5t1 wak+ 9 ! s\l an appetite t w lead x to tru?4#cg ,he does n seem to h ga9$ mu* public r5[n1 b he did n seek x4 ,! fame 9 8 day 0 = ! m5 ( rhetoric1 & he 0 a man ( lett]s4 ,if he gave 8 "t to municipal duties1 he mu/ h sp5t ! great] "p ( 8 days 9 read+ & writ+4 ,he says t a biograph] ne$s a great _m books & t z a rule _m ( !m w n be readily accessible--to h ! abundance he requires1 he ought really to be 9 "s fam\s city :]e le>n+ is lov$ & #hc m5 are _m2 ?\gh1 he is c>eful to say1 a man may be happy & upright 9 a t[n t is +lori\s & humble4#ch ,he mu/ h read v widely1 & he probably made good use ( 8 /ay 9 ,rome4 ,9 philosophy & lit]ature x is q probable t he us$ h&-books ( extracts1 ?\gh ?is mu/ n imply t he did n g to ! orig9al works ( ! great] writ]s4 ,b 8 ma9 int]e/ lay 9 memoirs & travels4 ,he _h an in/9ct = all t 0 *>act]i/ic1 or curi\s1 or out-(-!-way2 & all sorts ( casual ref]5ces %[ h[ su* ?+s atta*$ !mselves to 8 memory4 ,discursive 9 8 read+1 z mo/ m5 ( lett]s seem to be1 ) a quick eye = ! animat$ sc5e1 ! /rik+ figure1 ! /range occurr5ce1 he read1 "o feels1 = enjoym5t--he w\ld add1 no d\bt1 = 8 own moral pr(it2 inde$ he says t he began 8 ,biographies = ! advantage ( o!rs & f\nd !m to be mu* to 8 own4#ci ,he 0 ( c\rse an invet]ate morali/2 b unlike o!rs ( ! class1 he nev] =gets ! ?+s t h giv5 him pleasure4 ,!y cr[d 8 pages 9 g5ial rem9isc5ce & apt allusion4 ,!re is always ! quiet & leisurely air ( "o :o has se5 & has enjoy$1 & sees & enjoys aga9 z he writes4 ,x is ?is t has made 8 ,biographies live4 ,!y may at times exasp]ate ! mod]n hi/orian1 = he is n v sy/ematic--delightful writ]s r>ely are4 ,he rambles z he likes & av[$ly passes ! great ?+s by & treasures ! little & *>act]i/ic4 ,i am n writ+ hi/ories b lives1 he says1 & x is n necess>ily 9 ! fam\s action t a man's excell5ce or failure is reveal$4 ,b "s little ?+--a ^w or a je/--may (t5 %[ "* bett] ?an a battle ) its t5 ?\s& sla94#dj ,b1 aft] all1 x is ! *>act]i/ic r ?an ! "* t int]e/s him4 ,he is n among ! greate/ :o h drawn m51 = he lacks ! m9d & pati5ce to g f> bel[ ! surface to f9d ! key to ! :ole nature4 ,:5 he has %[n u "o side ( ! h]o1 he w pres5t ano!r & a v diff]5t "o1 & leave u to reconcile !m if we c4 ,! contradictions rema9 contradictions1 & he w&]s pleasantly on4 ,! ,lives ( ,p]icles & ,!mi/ocles1 = in/ance1 are little m ?an m]e collectanea f s\rces widely discrepant1 & (t5 q wor?less4 ,( ! m9d ( ,p]icles he _h little #hd conception2 he ga!r$ up & pleasantly told :at he _h read 9 books4 ,he _h too little ( ! critical in/9ct & took ?+s too easily to weigh :at he quot$4 ,above all1 despite 8 political en]gy & en?usiasm1 x 0 impossible1 = a ,greek ( 8 day to h ! political insight t only comes f life 9 a liv+ /ate4 ,h[ c\ld ! ,tele>* ( ,*a]onea "u ! ,roman ,empire und]/& ,p]icles8 ,ar*bi%op ,tr5* contra/s 8 en?usiasm ab\t ! gift ( lib]ty to ,greece by ,flam99us ) ! reflection ( ,wordswor? t x is a ?+ :i* is n to be giv5 ,by all ! bl5d$ p[]s ( ,e>? & ,heav54 ,plut>* really did n "k :at lib]ty is2 ,wordswor? on ! o!r h& _h tak5 "p 9 ! ,fr5* ,revolution1 & wat*$ ) ke5 & sympa!tic eyes ! m>* ( ev5ts ?r\gh\t a mo/ liv+ epo*4 ,x is wor? not+ t indirectly ,plut>* contribut$ to ! disa/]s ( t epo*1 = 8 ,lycurgus _h enorm\s influ5ce ) ,r\sseau & 8 foll[]s :o took x = hi/ory4 ,"h 0 a man :o made laws & con/itutions 9 8 own head & impos$ !m ^u 8 fell[-c\ntrym54 ,s ,plut>* wrote & believ$1 & s read & believ$ ?9k+ ,fr5*m5 ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 l himself subjects ( a despotism & )\t political exp]i5ce4 ,besides ,biographies he wrote moral treatises--"s bas$ on lectures1 o!rs on conv]sation1 o!rs aga9 little bett] ?an note-books--pleasant & readable books1 if ! read] w =give a c]ta9 want ( hum\r1 & a t5d5cy to ramble1 & w surr5d] 8 m9d to ! long & leisurely s5t5ces1 = ,plut>* is n to be hurri$4 ,ev]y?+ he wrote _h "s moral or religi\s aim4 ,he 0 a believ]1 9 days ( d\bt & p]plexity4 ,! ,epicurean 0 he>d at ,delphi4 ,ev5 9 ! second c5tury1 :5 ! great1 religi\s revival 0 9 full sw+1 ,lucian wrote & f\nd read]s4 ,m5 br\ght _! difficulties to ,plut>* & he w5t to meet !m--ev] glad to d some?+ = ! ance/ral fai?4 ,nor 0 he less ready to discuss--or record discussions (--que/ions mu* less s]i\s4 ,0 ! h5 or ! egg fir/8 ,does a v>i$ diet or a s+le di% help ! dige/ion m8 ,:y is fre% wat] bett] ?an salt = #he wa%+ clo!s8 ,:i* ( ,aphrodite's h&s did ,diom$ w\nd8 ,x is always ! same man1 g5ial1 g>rul\s1 moral & s5sible4 ,!re are no !atricalities 9 8 /yle--he is n a rhetorician ev5 on pap]4#da ,he disc>ds ! tricks ( ! s*ool1 adoxography1 epigram &1 z a rule1 p>adox4 ,8 simplicity is 8 *>m4 ,he is really int]e/$ 9 8 subject :atev] x is2 & he believes 9 its p[] ( int]e/+ o!r m51 too mu* to ?9k x wor? :ile to trick x out ) extrane\s prett9esses4 ,yet aft] he has discuss$ 8 !me1 ) excursions into its lit]>y antec$5ts & its moral sugge/ions1 we are n p]haps mu* ne>] an explanation ( ! fact 9 "q1#db nor always q sure t x is a fact4 ,ev]y?+ int]e/s him1 b he is 9 no hurry to get at ! bottom ( any?+2 j z 9 ! ,lives he is occupi$ ) ev]y?+ except ! dep?s ( 8 h]o's p]sonality4 ,x rema9s t 9 8 v>i\s works he has giv5 u an unexampl$ pageant ( antiquity ov] a wide rea* ( "t & _m l&s1 & always bright ) ! col\r ( life--! "w ( a lov] ( m54 ,i c h>dly d )\t ,plut>*1 wrote ,montaigne2 he is s univ]sal & s full1 t ^u all occasions1 & :at extravagant subject soev] y take 9 h&1 he w /ill intrude himself into y\r bus9ess1 & holds out to y a lib]al & n to be exhau/$ h& ( ri*es & embelli%m5ts4 ,:at ,%akespe>e ?\ght ( him is writt5 9 ?ree great plays4#dc ,sid5ote3 ,8 wife & *ildr5 ,b s f> no?+ has be5 said ( ,plut>*'s own home4 ,! lot ( ! wife ( a great prea*] or morali/ is n commonly envi$2 & ! tracts :i* ,plut>* wrote ^u hi/oric wom5 & _! virtues1 & on ! duties ( m>ri$ life1 on diet & on ! education ( ! "y1 sugge/ t ,timox5a mu/ h liv$ 9 an atmosph]e ( high moral elevation1 ) a wise saw & an anci5t in/ance = e occurr5ce ( ! day4 ,b x is cle> t he lov$ h]1 & 8 affection = _! f\r little boys mu/ h be5 z pla9 to h] z to 8 read]s--& 8 joy :51 aft] long wait+1 at la/ a little girl 0 born4 ,y _h long$ = a daught] #hf aft] f\r sons1 he writes to h]1 & ,i 0 glad :5 %e came & ,i c\ld give h] y\r "n4 ,! little ,timox5a liv$ = two ye>s1 & ! lett] ( consolation :i* ,plut>* wrote h] "m tells ! /ory ( h] %ort life4 ,%e _h by nature wond]ful good temp] & g5tl5ess4 ,s responsive to affection1 s g5]\s 0 %e t x 0 a pleasure to see h] t5d]ness4 ,= %e us$ to bid h] nurse give ! brea/ to o!r *ildr5 & n to !m only1 b ev5 to toys & o!r ?+s 9 :i* %e took delight4 ,%e 0 s lov+ t %e wi%$ ev]y?+ t gave h] pleasure to %>e 9 ! be/ ( :at %e _h4 ,i d n see1 my de> wife1 :y ?+s su* z ^!1 :i* gave u s mu* happ9ess :ile %e liv$1 %\ld give u pa9 & tr\ble n[ :5 we ?9k ( !m4#dd ,he rem9ds h] ( ! my/]ies ( ,dionysus ( :i* !y 7 bo? initiates4 ,9 language t recalls ,wordswor?'s great ,ode on ! ,intimations ( ,immortality1 he sugge/s t old age dulls our impressions ( ! s\l's =m] life1 & t _! little "o is gone f !m1 be=e %e _h "t to fall 9 love ) life on e>?4 ,& ! tru? ab\t ?is is to be se5 9 ! anci5t use & wont ( our fa!rs1 :o did n obs]ve ! ord9>y sad rites ( burial = little *ildr51 z if !y felt x n "r 9 ! case ( ^? :o h pass$ to a bett] & div9] lot & place4444 ,& s9ce to disbelieve !m is h>d] ?an to believe1 let u comply ) ! laws 9 outw>d ?+s1 & let :at is )9 be yet m /a9less1 pure & holy4#de ,two ( ! sons _h previ\sly di$--! elde/ ,socl>os1 & ! f\r?1 our beautiful ,*a]on--! "n is t ( ! traditional f\nd] ( ,*a]onea4 ,! o!r two1 ,autobulus & ,plut>* grew up4 ,"s ( ^! names appe> 9 ! ,table ,talk1 :ile o!rs ( 8 works 7 writt5 at ! sugge/ion ( 8 sons4 ,sid5ote3 ,8 slaves ,f ! family we pass to ! slaves1 & "h1 z we %\ld expect1 ,plut>* is an advocate ( g5tl5ess4 ,9 ! tract ,on ,re/ra9+ ,ang] a high & humane "* is drawn 9 ,fundanus1 :o _h successfully ma/]$ a naturally passionate temp]4 ,x has be5 ?\ght t ,plut>* 0 draw+ #hg 8 own portrait ov] 8 fri5d's "n4 ,a naive t5d5cy to idealise 8 own virtues he c]ta9ly %>es ) o!r morali/s4 ,fundanus urges t1 :ile all ! passions ne$ c>e & practice if !y are to be ov]come1 ang] is ! failure to :i* we are mo/ liable 9 ! case ( our slaves4 ,our au?ority ov] !m sets u 9 a slipp]y place2 temp] "h has no?+ to *eck x1 = "h we are irresponsible & t is a position ( dang]4 ,a man's wife & 8 fri5ds are too apt to call g5tl5ess to ! slaves m]e easy-go+ slackness 7atonian kai rha?umian74 ,i us$ to be provok$ by su* criticism myself aga9/ my slaves4 ,i 0 told !y 7 go+ to pieces = want ( correction4 ,lat] on ,i realiz$ t1 fir/ ( all1 x is bett] to let !m gr[ worse ?r\gh my =be>ance ?an by bitt]ness & ang] to p]v]t oneself = ! re=mation ( o!rs4 ,&1 fur!r1 ,i saw t _m ( !m1 ?r\gh n be+ puni%$1 began to be a%am$ ( be+ bad1 & t =giv5ess 0 m apt ?an puni%m5t to be ! beg9n+ ( a *ange 9 !m--& inde$ t !y w\ld s]ve "s m5 m readily = a sil5t nod ?an !y w\ld o!rs = bl[s & br&+s4 ,s ,i p]suad$ myself t reason+ does bett] ?an temp]4#df ,x w be rem>k$ t ,fundanus1 or 8 record+ fri5d1 does n "h take ! ,/oic position t ! slave is z mu* a son ( ,god z ! ma/]1#dg nor does he sp>e ! slave = ! slave's sake b to ov]come 8 own temp]4 ,s mu* = !ory2 b m5's conduct does n always squ>e ) _! !ories1 & 9 life we see m5 guilty ( k9d-he>t$ness & l>ge-m9d$ness n at all to be reconcil$ ) ! !ories :i* !y pr(ess1 :5 !y rememb] !m4 ,x is curi\s t "o ( ! few /ories ( ,plut>* t come f outside s\rces %\ld conc]n ?is v tract & ! puni%m5t ( a slave4 ,gellius he>d x f ! philosoph] ,taurus aft] "o ( 8 classes4 ,plut>*1 ,taurus said1 _h a wor?less slave & ord]$ him a flogg+4 ,! man l\dly prote/$ he _h done no wrong1 & at la/1 "u ! /imulus ( ! la%1 taunt$ 8 ma/] ) inconsi/5cy--:at ab\t ! f9e book on controll+ ,ang]8 he 0 angry en\gh n[4 #hh ,!n ,plut>*1 sl[ly & g5tly ask$ :at signs ( ang] he %[$ 9 voice or col\r or ^w8 ,my eyes1 ,i ?9k1 are n fi]ce2 nor my face flu%$2 ,i am n %\t+ al\d2 !re is no foam on my lip1 no r$ 9 my *eek2 ,i am say+ no?+ to be a%am$ (2 no?+ to regret2 ,i am n excit$ nor ge/iculat+4 ,all ^!1 p]haps y are unaw>e1 are ! signs ( ang]4#dh ,!n turn+ to ! man :o 0 flogg+ ! slave1 he said1 ,9 ! meantime1 :ile ,i & he are debat+1 y g on ) y\r bus9ess4#di ,! /ory is g5]ally accept$1 & x is c]ta9ly *>act]i/ic4 ,! philosoph]1 feel+ 8 pulse1 z x 71 to make sure t he is n angry1 :ile 8 slave is be+ la%$1 is an int]e/+ & sugge/ive picture1 :i* x is well to rememb]4 ,h[ long ,plut>* liv$ we d n "k4 ,he ref]s to ev5ts ( ! ye> #ajd or #aje1 & 9 8 ,solon he speaks ( ,a!ns & ,plato ea* hav+ an unf9i%$ ma/]piece1 s t he _c h kn[n ( ! int5tion ( ! ,emp]or ,hadrian to f9i% ! temple ( ,zeus ,olympics4#ej ,all t ?is ne$ imply is t ! ,solon 0 writt5 be=e #abe ,a4,d4 ,z to 8 dea?1 x is c]ta9ly int]e/+ :5 we recall h[ full ( dreams & port5ts 8 ,biographies are1 to le>n f ,artemidorus' great "w on ! ,int]pretation ( ,dreams 7writt5 "s =ty ye>s lat]7 t ,plut>*1 :5 ill1 dream$ t he 0 asc5d+ to heav51 support$ by ,h]mes4 ,next day he 0 told t ?is meant great happ9ess4 ,%ortly aft] he di$1 & ?is 0 :at 8 dream & ! int]pretation meant4 ,= asc5t to heav5 means de/ruction to a sick man1 & ! great happ9ess is a sign ( dea?4#ea ,plut>* might well h accept$ ?is himself4 ,su* 0 ,plut>*'s life--! life ( a quiet & simple-m9d$ ,greek g5tleman1 sp5t amid sc5es :]e ! pa/ pr$om9at$ ov] ! pres5t1--nullum s9e nom9e saxum1 :]e ,antiquity claim$ him = h] own by e "r t x has ev] _h ^u man4 ,! l& ( 8 fa!rs1 ! lit]ature1 ! art1 ! philosophy1 ! fai?1 & ! reproduction ( ! #hi good old life 9 ! pleasant h\sehold#eb--;ev]y?+ conspir$ to make him :at he 04 ,we n[ come to 8 significance 9 ! /ory ( ! conflict ( religions 9 ! ,roman ,empire4 ,sid5ote3 ,plut>* n a philosoph] ,a good deal has be5 writt5 ab\t ,plut>*'s philosophy4 ,8 works are full ( ref]5ces to philosophy & philosoph]s1 & he leaves u 9 no d\bt z to 8 c\nt+ himself a disciple ( ,plato2 8 comm5t>ies on ,platonic doctr9es give him a place 9 ! long s]ies ( ,plato's expositors4 ,b no "o w\ld expect a writ] ( ! fir/ c5tury to be a man ( "o allegiance1 & ,plut>* modifies ! tea*+ ( ,plato ) elem5ts f else:]e4 ,x has !n be5 debat$ :e!r he %\ld1 or %\ld n1 be call$ an ,eclectic1 b n v pr(itably4 ,! ess5tial ?+ to note is t he is n prop]ly a philosoph] at all1 mu* z ! /atem5t w\ld h a/oni%$ him4#ec ,8 real int]e/ is else:]e2 & :ile he1 l ! ,greeks ( 8 day1 read & talk$ ,philosophy int]m9ably1 z m5 9 lat] ages h read & talk$ ,!ology1 x 0 n ) ! philosophic _s4 ,philosophy is n ! mi/ress--r1 he av[s1 ! s]vant ( some?+ else2 & t means t x is n ,philosophy4 ,8 te/ ( philosophic ?\ght & doctr9e 0 availability = ! moral & religi\s life--a te/ :i* may or may n be s\nd1 z x is appli$4 ,b ,plut>* 0 an av[$ morali/1 didactic 9 e fibre2 & ev]y?+ he wrote betrays ! ess5tial failure ( ! practical man & ! morali/--impati5ce1 ! %ort view4 ,f 8 exp]i5ce ( human life 9 its manifold relations ( love & fri5d%ip1 he came to ! conclusion t ! anci5t fai? ( our fa!rs suffices4 ,x is also pla9 t he 0 afraid ( life )\t religion4 ,s f> z a man ( 8 tra9+ w\ld--a man famili> ) ! hi/ory ( philosophy1 b )\t pati5ce or dep? en\gh to be cle> 9 8 own m9d1 he associat$ tru? ) 8 religion2 at all ev5ts x 0 suffici5t1 = ?is he _h f\nd 9 8 c\rse ?r\gh ! _w4 ,def9ite ^u ?is "o c5tral po9t1 he approa*$ philosophy1 b n ) ! true philosoph]'s purpose ( exam9+ 8 exp]i5ce1 9 accordance ) ! ,platonic #ij sugge/ion#ed2 r1 ) ! m practical aim ( pr(it+ by e s]viceable ?\ght or maxim :i* he c\ld f9d4 ,& he c]ta9ly pr(it$4 ,if he />t$ ) preconceptions1 :i* he int5d$ to keep1 he enl>g$ & purifi$ !m--9 a s5se1 we may say1 he adorn$ & enri*$ !m4 ,= :]eev] he f\nd a mov+ or sugge/ive idea1 a high ?\ght1 he adopt$ x & f\nd x a place 9 8 m9d1 ?\gh )\t inquir+ too closely :e!r x _h any "r to be !re4 ,9 ! end1 x is v que/ionable :e!r ! sum ( 8 ideas w hold toge!r at all1 if we g beyond ! quick te/ ( a r unexam9$ exp]i5ce4 ,we h already se5 h[ he prote/$ aga9/ too curi\s exam9ation4 ,!re is no philosophy possible1 wrote ,john ,/u>t ,mill1 :]e fe> ( consequ5ces is a /rong] pr9ciple ?an love ( tru?4 ,b to su* criticisms a reply is sometimes sugge/$1 :i* is be/ made 9 ! well-kn[n words ( ,pascal--! he>t has its reasons :i* ! reason does n "k4#ee ,! exp]i5ce :i* l$ ,plut>* to 8 conclusion 0 real & s\nd4 ,!re is an evid5tial value 9 a good fa!r1 9 wife & *ildr5--ev5 9 a tele>*y ) its tiles & cem5t--:i* is apt to be "u-e/imat$4 ,= ) su* elem5ts 9 life are l9k$ passions & emotions1 :i* are deeply b\nd up ) human nature1 & rule u z in/9cts--bl9d reasons ( ! he>t4 ,l all o!r ?+s !y require /udy & criticism if !y are n to mislead1 & ^? :o mo/ foll[ !m are sometimes ! wor/ judges ( _! real significance4 ,on ! o!r h& ! dang] ( emotion1 in/9ct & intuition z guides to tru? is emphasiz$ en\gh1--x 0 emphasiz$ by ! ,/oics2 & a contribution is made to human progress1 :5 ! value ( ^! guides to tru? is re-ass]t$1 ev5 to ! ext5t ( obvi\s exagg]ation1 by "s "o1 :o1 l ,plut>*1 has _h a life ri* 9 v>i\s human exp]i5ce4 ,x rema9s h[ev]1 9 ,plut>*'s case z 9 all su* cases1 ! fundam5tal "q1 :e!r ! suppos$ te/imony ( in/9ct & intuition is confirm$4 ,if x is n confirm$1 x may be tak5 to h be5 misund]/ood4 ,keep+ ! :ole life ( ?is man 9 view1 & realiz+ its s\ndness1 its sweetness & its wor?1 we mu/ see :at #ia he made ( ! spiritual environm5t ( man's life 9 g5]al--lay+ /ress on :at 9 8 sy/em1 or 8 attempt at a sy/em1 is mo/ significant1 & po/pon+ criticism4 ,x %\ld be said once = all t a g5]al /atem5t ( ,plut>*'s views _c be q fai?ful1 = he 0 a man ( _m & w&]+ ?\ghts1 & also some?+ ( an ,academic2 & :atev] he affirm$ 0 ) qualifications1 :i* 9 a %ort summ>y mu/ be und]/ood r ?an repeat$4 ,sid5ote3 ,! k ( ,god ,our k ( ,god & ( ?+s div9e comes to u1 accord+ to ,plut>*1 f v>i\s s\rces4 ,!re is ! cons5sus ( mank9d4 ,( all cu/oms fir/ & greate/ is belief 9 gods4 ,lycurgus1 ,numa1 ,ion & ,deucalion1 alike sanctifi$ m51 by pray]s & oa?s & div9ations & oracles br++ !m into t\* ) ! div9e 9 _! hopes & fe>s4 ,y might f9d communities )\t walls1 )\t lett]s1 )\t k+s1 )\t h\ses1 )\t money1 ) no ne$ ( co9age1 )\t acqua9tance ) !atres & gymnasia2 b a community )\t holy rite1 )\t a god1 t uses n pray] nor oa?1 nor div9ation1 nor sacrifice to w9 good or av]t evil--no man ev] saw nor w see4444 ,?is is :at holds all society toge!r & is ! f\ndation & buttress ( all law4#ef ,?is evid5ce f ! cons5sus ( mank9d is br\ght to a high] po9t 9 ! body ( my? inh]it$ f ! pa/1 & 9 cu/om & law--& is s f> confirm$ by reason4 ,b we c g fur!r & appeal to ! highe/ & be/ m9ds ( antiquity1 :o 9 _! own highe/ mom5ts ( inspiration confirm$ ! common view4 ,9 ! matt] ( belief 9 gods1 & 9 g5]al1 our guides & tea*]s h be5 ! poets & ! lawgiv]s1 &1 ?irdly1 ! philosoph]s--all alike lay+ d[n t !re are gods1 ?\gh diff]+ among !mselves z to ! numb] ( ! gods & _! ord]1 _! nature & function4 ,^? ( ! philosoph]s are free f pa9 & dea?2 toil !y "k n1 & are clean escap$ ! ro>+ surge ( #ib ,a*]on4#eg ,x is likely t ! ^w ( anci5t poets & philosoph]s is true1 he says4#eh ,plut>* 0 a lov] ( poetry & ( lit]ature1 & he attribut$ to !m a value z evid5ce to tru?1 :i* is little intelligible to m5 :o h n ! same passion4#ei ,/ill ! appeal to ! poets 9 ?is connexion 0 v commonly made4 ,b m5 are n only dep5d5t on ! tradition ( _! fa!rs & ! inspiration ( poets & philosoph]s1 mu* z !y %\ld1 & d1 love & hon\r ^!4 ,! gods make !mselves felt 9 _m ways4 ,!re 0 abundant evid5ce ( ?is 9 _m e/abli%$ cases ( !olepsy1 en?usiasm 7en!os7 & possession4 ,aga9 !re 7 ! oracles1 9 :i* x 0 cle> t gods communicat$ ) m5 & reveal$ tru?s n o!rwise to be ga9$--a cle> demon/ration ( ! spiritual4 ,m5 7 9 angui% & fe> le/ ,delphi %\ld lose its glory ( ?ree ?\s& ye>s1 b ,delphi has n fail$2 = ! language ( ! ,py?ian prie/ess1 l ! "r l9e ( ! ,ma!maticians--! %orte/ betwe5 two po9ts1 makes nei!r decl5sion nor w9d+1 has nei!r d\ble mean+ nor ambiguity1 b goes /raight to ! tru?4 ,?\gh h>d to believe & mu* te/$1 %e has nev] up to n[ be5 convict$ ( error1--on ! contr>y %e has fill$ ! %r9e ) (f]+s & gifts f b>b>ians & ,greeks1 & adorn$ x ) ! beautiful build+s ( ! ,amphictyons4#fj ,! revival ( ,delphi 9 ,plut>*'s day1 9 s %ort a "t1 0 n man's do+--b ! ,god came "h & inspir$ ! oracle ) 8 div9ity4 ,& ,delphi 0 n ! only oracle4 ,! ,/oics p]haps _h po9t$ ! way "h ) _! tea*+ on div9ation1 b z x /&s ! argum5t 7su* z x is7 is said to be ,plut>*'s own4#fa ,la/ly 9 ?is connexion1 ! my/]ies (f]$ evid5ce1 b "h he is retic5t4 ,z to ! my/]ies1 9 :i* we may receive ! greate/ manife/ations & illum9ations ( ! tru? #ic conc]n+ daemons--l ,h]odotus1 ,i say1 ',be x unspok54'#fb ,sid5ote3 ,absolute be+ ,philosophy1 poetry1 tradition1 oracles & my/]ies#fc br+ ,plut>* to belief 9 gods4 ,!re are n ,greek gods & b>b>ian1 s\!rn or nor!rn2 b j z sun1 moon1 sky1 e>? & sea are common to all m5 & h _m names1 s likewise x is "o ,reason t makes all ^! ?+s a cosmos2 x is "o ,provid5ce t c>es = !m1 ) ancill>y p[]s appo9t$ to all ?+s2 :ile 9 diff]5t p1 diff]5t hon\rs & names are giv5 to !m z cu/oms v>y4 ,"s use hall[$ symbols t are fa9t1 o!rs symbols m cle>1 z !y guide _! ?\ght to ! div9e4#fd ,?is "o ultimate ,reason is describ$ by ,plut>* 9 t]ms borr[$ f all ! great tea*]s :o _h spok5 to ! ,greeks ( ,god4 ,! ,demiurge1 ! ,"o & ,absolute1 ! ,_w-,s\l & ! re/ all contribute features4#fe ,we1 he says1 h really no %>e 9 ,be+1 b e mortal nature1 set betwe5 becom+ & p]i%+1 (f]s b a %[ & a seem+ ( itself1 dim & insecure2 & he quotes ! fam\s say+ ( ,h]aclitus t x is impossible to desc5d into ! same riv] twice1 & develops ! idea ( *ange 9 ! individual4 ,no "o rema9s1 nor is he "o1 b we become _m z matt] n[ ga!rs & n[ slips away ab\t "o phantasm & a common =m 7or impress74444 ,s5se ?r\gh ignorance ( ,be+ is deceiv$ into ?9k+ t ! appe>ance is4 ,:at !n inde$ is ,be+8 ,! et]nal1 free f becom+1 free f p]i%+1 = :i* no "t br+s *ange4444 ,x is ev5 impi\s to say ',0' or ',w be' ( ,be+2 = ^! are ! v>y+s & pass+s & *ang+s ( t :i* by nature _c abide 9 ,be+4 ,b ,god is1 we mu/ say1 & t n 9 "t1 b 9 ! aeon t kn[s no motion1 "t or v>iation1 :]e is nei!r =m] #id nor latt]1 future nor pa/1 old] nor y\ng]2 b ,god is "o1 & ) "o ,n[ he has fill$ ,always1 & is alone !re9 ! "o t ,is4#ff ,! symbol ,e at ,delphi af=ds him a text "h4 ,x is "o ( ! k9d ,apollo's riddles to /imulate ?\ght4 ,plut>* read x z ,epsilon & translates x ,?\ ,art1 & f ?is z f ! v "n ( ,apollo he draws a lesson z to ! nature ( real ,be+4 ,! "n ,a-poll-o means ( itself ! ,n-,_m1 & ! symbol ,e is ! s\l's address to ,god--,god is1 & ,god is "o4 ,n e "o und]/&s ! nature ( ! div9e2 m5 confuse ,god ) 8 manife/ations4 ,^? :o suppose ,apollo & ! sun to be "o & ! same1 we %\ld welcome & love = _! pi\s spee*1 because !y atta* ! idea 7ep9oia7 ( ,god to t ?+ :i* !y hon\r mo/ ( all !y "k & crave =1 b we %\ld po9t !m high]1 bid !m g upw>d & see ! tru? ( _! dream1 ! real ,be+ 7t5 ousian74 ,!y may /ill hon\r ! image--! visible sun4 ,b t a god %\ld d ! "w ( ! sun1 t !re %\ld be *anges & progressions 9 a god1 t he %\ld project fire f himself & ext5d himself into l&1 sea1 w9ds & animals1 & into all ! /range exp]i5ces ( animals & plants 7z ! ,/oics taught7--x is n holy ev5 to he> su* ?+s m5tion$4 ,no1 ,god is n l ,hom]'s *ild play+ on ! s&1 mak+ & unmak+2 all ?is belongs to ano!r god1 or r daemon1 set ov] nature ) its becom+s & p]i%+s4#fg ,to confuse gods & daemons is to make disord] ( ev]y?+4 ,x is "h t ! real int]e/ ( ,plut>*'s !ology beg9s2 =1 z ,*ri/ian apologi/s 7 quick to po9t out1 all ! philosoph]s 7 9 ! la/ resort mono!i/s4 ,b ! ultimate ,"o ,god is by common cons5t f> f all direct contact ) ?is or any o!r univ]se ( becom+ & p]i%+4 ,= x 0 que/ion$ h[ _m univ]ses 7kosmoi7 !re might be#fh--"s conjectur+ !re w\ld be "o hundr$ & eighty-?ree--& if !re 7 m ?an "o1 ! ,/oics ask$ :at became ( ,fate & ,de/9y1 & w\ld !re n be _m ,zeuses or ,z5es8 ,:y %\ld !re be8 ask$ #ie ,plut>*2 :y n 9 ea* univ]se a guide & rul] ) m9d & reason1 su* z he :o 9 our univ]se is call$ "l & fa!r ( all8 ,:at h9d]s t !y %\ld all be subjects ( ! ,fate & ,de/9y t ,zeus controls2 t he %\ld appo9t to ea* sev]al "o ( !m 8 own realm1 & ! se$s & reasons ( ev]y?+ a*iev$ 9 x2 t he %\ld survey !m1 & !y be responsible to him8 ,t 9 ! :ole s*eme ( ?+s !re %\ld be t5 univ]ses1 or fifty1 or a hundr$1 all gov]n$ by "o ,reason1 all subord9ate to "o rule1 is n impossible4 ,! ,ultimate ,god rules ?r\gh deputies4#fi ,sid5ote3 ,! deputies ( ! supreme ,^! deputies are ,plut>*'s *ief conc]n 9 !ology4 ,! ,/oics & he 7 at "o ab\t ! ,supreme & ,ultimate ,god1 waiv+ ! matt] ( p]sonality1 :i* he ass]t$ & :i* !y left op54 ,b :5 ! ,/oics turn$ ! deputy gods into natural =ces1 :i* we might call laws ( nature1 or1 /ill worse1 into natural objects l w9e & gra91#gj ,plut>* grew angry & d5\nc$ su* tea*+ z a!ism4 ,we mu/ n z x 7 turn !m into que5-bees :o c nev] g out1 nor keep !m %ut up 9 ! prison ( matt]1 or r pack$ up1 z !y 7! ,/oics7 d1 :5 !y turn ! gods into conditions ( ! atmosph]e & m+l$ =ces ( wat] #if & fire1 & ?us beget !m ) ! univ]se & aga9 burn !m up ) x2 !y d n leave ! gods at lib]ty & free to move1 z if !y 7 *>iote]s or /e]sm52 no6 l images !y are nail$ d[n1 ev5 fus$ to _! bases1 :5 !y are ?us %ut up into ! mat]ial1 yes1 & rivet$ to x1 by be+ made p>tak]s ) x 9 de/ruction & resolution & *ange4#ga ,?is is "o ( _m ass]tions ( ! exi/5ce ( ancill>y gods1 :o are n metaphors1 nor natural laws1 b p]sonal rul]s ( prov9ces1 :i* may v well be ea* a univ]se1 free & indep5d5t4 ,! true ,zeus has a f> wid] survey ?an ! ,hom]ic ,zeus :o look$ away f ,troy to ,?race & ! ,danube1 nor does he contemplate a vacant inf9ite )\t1 nor yet 7z "s say7 himself & no?+ else4 ,to judge f ! motions ( ! heav5s1 ! div9e really enjoys v>iety1 & is glad to survey movem5t1 ! actions ( gods & m51 ! p]iods ( ! />s4#gb ,sid5ote3 ,daemons ,?us "u ! ,supreme is a hi]>*y ( heav5ly p[]s or gods1 & aga9 betwe5 !m & m5 is ano!r ord] ( be+s1 ! daemons4#gc ,^!1 unlike ! gods1 are ( mix$ nature1 = :ile ! gods are emanations or ,logoi ( ! ,supreme1 ! daemons h some?+ ( ! p]i%able4 ,plato & ,py?agoras & ,x5ocrates & ,*rysippus1 foll[+ ! anci5t !ologians1 say t daemons are /rong] ?an m5 & f> excel u 9 _! natural end[m5t2 b ! div9e elem5t 9 !m is n unmix$ nor undilut$1 b p>takes ( ! s\l's nature & ! body's s5se-p]ception1 & is susceptive ( pleasure & pa91 :ile ! passions :i* att5d ^! mutations affect !m1 "s ( !m m & o!rs less4 ,= !re are among daemons1 z among m51 diff]5ces ( virtue & wick$ness4#gd ,x c be prov$ on ! te/imony ( wise & anci5t witnesses t !re are natures1 z x 7 on ! fronti]s ( gods & m51 t admit mortal passions & inevitable *anges1 :om we may rightly1 aft] ! cu/om ( #ig our fa!rs1 consid] to be daemons1 & s call+ !m1 wor%ip !m4#ge ,if ! atmosph]e 7 aboli%$ betwe5 ! e>? & ! moon 7= beyond air & moon x 0 g5]ally suppos$ t ! gods liv$#gf71 ! void w\ld de/roy ! unity ( ! univ]se2 & 9 precisely ! same way ^? :o d n leave u ! race ( daemons1 de/roy all int]c\rse & contact betwe5 gods & m51 by aboli%+ :at ,plato call$ ! int]pretive & ancill>y nature1 or else !y compel u to make confusion & disord] ( ev]y?+1 by br++ ,god 9 among mortal passions & mortal affairs1 fet*+ him d[n = our ne$s1 z !y say ! wit*es 9 ,!ssaly d ) ! moon4#gg ,& he1 :o involves ,god 9 human ne$s1 does n sp>e 8 maje/y1 nor does he ma9ta9 ! dignity & greatness ( ,god's excell5ce4#gh ,! ,/oic tea*+ t m5 are p>ts ( ,god makes ,god responsible = e human act ( wick$ness & s9--! common weakness ( e pan!i/ic sy/em4#gi ,?us ! daemons s]ve two purposes 9 religi\s philosophy4 ,!y safegu>d ! ,absolute & ! high] gods f contact ) matt]1 & !y relieve ! ,au?or ( ,good f responsibility = evil4 ,at ! same "t !y supply ! means ( t relation to ! div9e :i* is ess5tial = man's high] life--pass+ on ! pray]s & supplications ( m5 ?i!rw>d1 & !nce br++ oracles & gifts ( bless+4#hj ,!y say well1 :o say t :5 ,plato discov]$ ! elem5t und]ly+ qualities t are begott5--:at n[adays !y call matt] & nature--he set philosoph]s free f _m great difficulties2 b to me !y seem to solve m difficulties & great] ones1 :o set ! race ( daemons betwe5 gods & #ih m5 & discov]$ t 9 "s su* way x made a community ( u & br\ght u toge!r1 :e!r ! !ory belongs to ! ,magians :o foll[ ,zoroa/]1 or is ,?racian & comes f ,orpheus1 or is ,egyptian1 or ,phrygian4#ha ,hom]1 he adds1 /ill uses ! t]ms gods & daemons alike2 x 0 ,hesiod :o fir/ cle>ly & di/9ctly set =? ! f\r classes ( be+s end[$ ) reason1 gods1 daemons1 h]oes & f9ally m54 ,! daemons1 !n1 are ! ag5ts ( ,provid5ce1 ( ! ,"o ,reason1 :i* ord]s ! univ]se2 !y are ! m9i/]s ( ! div9e c>e = man4 ,& "h p]haps _! m$iation is help$ by ! fact t ! bord] l9es betwe5 !mselves & ! gods above on ! "o h&1 & m5 bel[ on ! o!r1 are n fix$ & f9al4 ,"s daemons1 su* z ,isis1 ,osiris1 ,h]akles & ,dionysos1 h by _! virtue ris5 to be gods1#hb :ile _! own numb]s h be5 recruit$ f ! s\ls ( good m54#hc ,s\ls :i* are deliv]$ f becom+ 7g5eseos7 & !nce=? h re/ f ! body1 z be+ utt]ly set free1 are ! daemons t c>e = m51 z ,hesiod says2#hd &1 j z old a?letes enjoy wat*+ & enc\rag+ "y ones1 s ! daemons1 :o ?r\gh wor? ( s\l are done ) ! conflicts ( life1 d n despise :at !y h left beh9d1 b are k9dly m9d$ to su* z /rive = ! same goal1--especially :5 !y see !m close ^u _! hope1 /ruggl+ & all b t\*+ x4 ,z 9 ! case ( a %ipwreck ^? on %ore w run out into ! waves to l5d a h& to ! sailors !y c rea* 7?\gh if !y are out on ! sea1 to wat* 9 sil5ce is all t c be done71 s ! daemons help u :ile ! affairs ( life break ov] u 7baptixom5\s hypo ton pragmaton7 & we take "o body aft] ano!r z x 7 c>riages4 ,above all !y help u if we /rive ( our own virtue to be sav$ & rea* ! hav54#he ,b ?is is n all1 = 9 8 lett] writt5 to console ,apollonios ,plut>* c>ries u fur!r4 ,!re 01 he says1 a #ii man :o lo/ 8 only son--he 0 afraid1 by poison4 ,x p]haps adds confid5ce to ! /ory t ,plut>* gives 8 "n & home2 he 0 ,elysios ( ,t]9a 9 ,s\!rn ,italy4 ,! precision is *>act]i/ic4 ,elysios accord+ly w5t to a psy*omanteion1 a %r9e :]e ! s\ls ( ! dead might be consult$4#hf ,he duly sacrific$ & w5t to sleep 9 ! temple4 ,he saw 9 a dream 8 own fa!r ) a y\? /rik+ly l ! dead son1 & he 0 told t ?is 0 ! son's daemon1#hg & t ! dea? _h be5 natural1 & "r = ! lad & = 8 p>5ts4 ,else:]e ,plut>* quotes ! l9es ( ,m5&]-- ,by ea* man /&e?1 f 8 natal h\r1 ,a daemon1 8 k9d my/agogue ?r\gh life--#hh b he pref]s ! view ( ,emp$ocles t !re are two su* be+s 9 att5dance on ea* ( u4#hi ,! classical in/ance ( a gu>dian _s 0 ! daimonion ( ,socrates1 on :i* bo? ,plut>* & ,apuleius wrote books4#ij ,plut>* discusses _m !ories t _h be5 giv5 ( x1 b h>dly conv9ces ! read] t he really knew :at ,socrates meant4 ,9 a lat] g5]ation x 0 held t if prop] means 7 tak5 ! gu>dian _s w\ld come visibly be=e a man's eyes4 ,s ,apuleius held1 & ,porphyry records t :5 an ,egyptian prie/ call$ on ! daemon ( ,plot9us to manife/ himself 9 ! temple ( ,isis 7! only pure spot ! ,egyptian #ajj c\ld f9d 9 ,rome71 !re came n a daemon b a god2 s great a be+ 0 ,plot9us4#ia ,plut>* discusses ! "q ( su* bodily appe>ances 9 connexion ) ! leg5d ( ,numa & ,eg]ia4 ,he c believe t ,god w\ld n disda9 ! society ( a specially good & holy man1 b z = ! idea t god or daemon w\ld h any?+ to d ) a human body--t w\ld inde$ require "s p]suasion4 ,yet ! ,egyptians plausibly say t x is n impossible = ! _s ( a god to h int]c\rse ) a woman & beget "s beg9n+s ( life1 ?\gh ,plut>* f9ds a difficulty 9 su* a union ( unequals4#ib ,plut>* has comp>atively little to say ( visible appe>ances ( tutel>y or o!r daemons4 ,to :at l5g?s ( cr$ulity m5 w5t 9 ?is direction w be %[n 9 a lat] *apt]4 ,yet a gu>dian :o does n communicate 9 "s way ) ! p]son he gu>ds1 & a s]ies ( daemonic & div9e p[]s cont5t to be in]t & sil5t1 w\ld be futile2 & 9 fact !re 01 ,plut>* held1 abundance ( communication betwe5 m5 & ! p[]s above !m4 ,x 0 inde$ "o ( ! ma9 factors ( 8 religion t man's life is intimately relat$ to ! div9e4 ,plut>*1 ( c\rse1 c\ld "k no?+ ( ! language 9 use to-day1 b x is cle> t he 0 famili> ) "s or all ( ! pha5om5a1 :i* 9 our times h receiv$ a vocabul>y ( _! own1 = ! mom5t v impressive4 ,psy*opa?ic1 auto-sugge/ion1 telepa?y1 ! sublim9al self--! words may tell u some?+2 :e!r :at !y tell u is v]ifiable1 rema9s to be se54 ,plut>*'s acc\nt ( ! facts1 = ! description ( :i* ?is language has be5 inv5t$1 seems ev5 m fanta/ic to a mod]n read]1 b x mu/ be rememb]$ t he & 8 contempor>ies 7 l$ to x at once by obs]vation ( psy*ical pha5om5a1 /ill to be obs]v$1 & by philosophic speculation on ! transc5d5ce ( ,god4 ,z a body ( !ories1 ! anci5t sy/em holds toge!r z well z mo/ sy/ems 9 ! ab/ract4 ,x 0 n 9 !ory t x broke d[n4 ,plut>* z usual pres5ts x ) res]vations4 #aja ,sid5ote3 ,! mantic art ,! daemons are n sl[ to speak2 x is we :o are sl[ to he>4 ,9 tru? we m5 recognize "o ano!r's ?\ghts1 z x 7 feel+ aft] !m 9 ! d>k by means ( ! voice4 ,b ! ?\ghts ( ! daemons are lum9\s & %9e = ^? :o c see2 & !y ne$ no words or names1 su* z m5 use among !mselves z symbols to see images & pictures ( :at is ?\ght1 :ile1 z = ! ?+s actually ?\ght1 ^? !y only "k :o h "s peculi> & daemonic light4 ,! words ( ! daemons are borne ?r\gh all ?+s1 b !y s\nd only = ^? :o h ! untr\bl$ nature & ! /ill s\l--^?1 9 fact1 :om we call holy & happy 7daimoni\s74#ic ,mo/ p ?9k ! daemon only comes to m5 :5 !y are asleep1 b ?is is due to _! want ( h>mony4 ,! div9e communicates imm$iately 7di aut\7 ) few & b r>ely2 to mo/ m5 x gives signs1 f :i* rises ! s-call$ ,mantic art#id--prophecy or soo?say+4 ,all s\ls h ! mantic faculty--! capacity = receiv+ impressions f daemons--?\gh n 9 an equal degree4 ,a daemon aft] all is1 f "o po9t ( view1 m]ely a disembodi$ s\l1 & x may meet a s\l incorporat$ 9 a body2 & ?us1 s\l meet+ s\l1 !re are produc$ impressions ( ! future1#ie = a voice is n ne$$ to convey ?\ght4 ,b if a disembodi$ s\l c =esee ! future1 :y %\ld n a s\l 9 a body also be able8 ,9 po9t ( fact1 ! s\l has ?is p[]1 b x is dull$ by ! body4 ,memory is a p>allel gift4 ,"s s\ls only %ake (f ! influ5ce ( ! body 9 dreams1 "s at ! approa* ( dea?4#if ,! mantic elem5t is receptive ( impressions & ( anticipations by means ( feel+s1 & )\t reason+ process 7asyllogi/os7 x t\*es ! future :5 x c get cle> ( ! pres5t4 ,! /ate1 9 :i* ?is occurs1 is call$ en?usiasm1 god-possession--& into ?is ! body w sometimes fall ( itself1 & sometimes x is ca/ into x by "s vap\r or exhalation s5t up by ! e>?4 ,?is vap\r or :atev] x is 7to mantikon !uma kai pneuma7 p]vades ! body1 & produces #ajb 9 ! s\l a disposition1 or comb9ation 7kras971 unfamili> & /range1 h>d to describe1 b f :at is said x may be div9$4 ,probably by heat & diffusion x op5s pores or *annels :]eby impressions ( ! future may be receiv$4#ig ,su* a vap\r 0 f\nd to issue f ! gr\nd at ,delphi--! accid5tal discov]y ( a %eph]d1 ,coretas by "n1 :o spoke words ) ,god 9 !m 7phonas en?\siodeis7 "u its influ5ce2 & x 0 n till 8 words prov$ true t att5tion 0 paid to ! place & ! vap\r4 ,!re is ! same sort ( relation betwe5 ! s\l & ! mantic vap\r z betwe5 ! eye & light4 ,b does n ?is vap\r !ory d away ) ! o!r !ory t div9ation is m$iat$ to u by ! gods ?r\gh ! daemons8 ,plut>* cites ,plato's objection to ,anaxagoras :o 0 entangl$ 9 natural causes & lo/ sight ( bett] causes & pr9ciples beyond !m4 ,!re are d\ble causes = ev]y?+4 ,! anci5ts said t all ?+s come f ,zeus2 ^? :o came lat]1 natural philosoph]s 7physidoi71 on ! contr>y w&]$ away f ! fair & div9e pr9ciple1 & made ev]y?+ dep5d on bodies1 impacts1 *anges & comb9ations 7krasis72 & bo? miss some?+ ( ! tru?4 ,we d n make ,mantic ei!r godless or void ( reason1 :5 we give x ! s\l ( man z its mat]ial1 & ! en?usia/ic _s & exhalation z its tool or plectron4 ,=1 fir/1 ! e>? t produces ^! exhalations--& ! sun1 :o gives ! e>? ! p[] ( comb9ation 7krasis7 & *ange1 is by ! tradition ( our fa!rs a god2 & !n we leave daemons in/all$ z lords & w>d]s & gu>ds ( ?is comb9ation 7kraseos71 n[ loos5+ & n[ tight5+ 7z if x 7 a h>mony71 tak+ away excessive ec/asy & confusion1 & g5tly & pa9lessly bl5d+ ! motive p[] = ^? :o use x4 ,s we %all n seem guilty ( any?+ unreasonable or impossible4#ih #ajc ,plut>* gives an int]e/+ acc\nt ( a potion1 :i* w produce ! same sort ( effect4 ,! ,egyptians comp\nd x 9 a v my/ical way ( sixte5 drugs1 ne>ly all ( :i* are fragrant1 :ile ! v numb] sixte5 z ! squ>e ( a squ>e has rem>kable prop]ties or sugge/ions4 ,! mixture is call$ ,kyphi1 & :5 inhal$ x calms ! m9d & r$uces anxiety1 & t "p ( u :i* receives impressions 7phanta/ikon7 & is susceptive ( dreams1 x rubs d[n & cleans z if x 7 a mirror4#ii ,! gods1 he says1 are our fir/ & *iefe/ fri5ds4#ajj ,n e "o inde$ s ?9ks--= see :at ,jews & ,syrians ?9k ( ! gods6#aja ,b ,plut>* insi/s t !re is no joy 9 life ap>t f !m4 ,epicureans may try to deliv] u f ! wra? ( ! gods1 b !y d away ) _! k9dness at ! same mom5t2 & ,plut>* holds x bett] t !re %\ld ev5 be "s morbid elem5t 7pha?os7 ( rev]5ce & fe> 9 our belief ?an t1 9 our desire to avoid ?is1 we %\ld leave ourselves nei!r hope1 nor k9dness1 nor c\rage 9 prosp]ity1 nor any rec\rse to ! div9e :5 we are 9 tr\ble4#ajb ,sup]/ition is a rheum t ga!rs 9 ! eye ( fai?1 :i* we d well to remove1 b n at ! co/ ( knock+ ! eye out or bl9d+ x4#ajc ,9 any case1 its inconv5i5ce is outweigh$ t5 ?\s& times by ! glad & joy\s hopefulness t c\nts all bless+ z com+ f ! gods4 ,& he cites 9 pro( ( ?is t joy 9 temple-s]vice1 to :i* ref]5ce has already be5 made4 ,^? :o aboli% ,provid5ce ne$ no fur!r puni%m5t ?an to live )\t x4#ajd #ajd ,b ! pleasures ( fai? are n only ^? ( imag9ation or emotion4 ,= :ile ! gods give u all bless+s1 !re is none bett] = man to receive or m awful = ,god to be/[ ?an tru?4 ,o!r ?+s ,god gives to m51 m9d & ?\ght he %>es ) !m1 = ^! are 8 attributes1 & ,i ?9k t ( ,god's own et]nal life ! happ9ess lies 9 8 k be+ equal to all t comes2 = )\t k & ?\ght1 immortality w\ld be "t & n life4#aje ,! v "n ( ,isis is etymologically connect$ ) kn[+ 7eid5ai72 & ! goal ( h] sacr$ rites is k ( ! fir/ & sov]eign & intelligible1 :om ! goddess bids u seek & f9d 9 h]4#ajf ,h] philosophy is hidd5 = ! mo/ "p 9 my?s1 & 9 true tales 7logois7 t give dim visions & revelations ( tru?4#ajg ,h] temple at ,sais be>s ! inscription3 ,i am all t has be5 & is & %all be1 & my veil no mortal yet has lift$4#ajh ,%e is ! goddess ( ,t5 ,?\s& ,names4#aji ,plut>* connects ) 8 belief 9 ! gods ! great hypo!sis ( immortality4 ,x is "o argum5t t at "o & ! same "t e/abli%es ! provid5ce ( ,god & ! cont9uance ( ! human s\l1 & y _c d away ) ! "o & leave ! o!r4#aaj ,if we _h no?+ div9e 9 u1 no?+ l ,god1 if we fad$ l ! leaves 7z ,hom] said71 ,god w\ld h>dly give u s mu* ?\ght1 nor w\ld he1 l wom5 ) _! g>d5s ( ,adonis1 t5d & culture s\ls ( a day1 gr[+ 9 ! fle% :i* w admit no /rong root ( life4 ,! dialogue1 9 :i* ?is is said1 is suppos$ to h tak5 place 9 ,delphi1 s ,plut>* turns to ,apollo4 ,d y ?9k t1 if ,apollo knew t ! s\ls ( ! dy+ p]i%$ at once1 bl[+ away l mi/ or smoke f _! bodies1 he w\ld orda9 s _m propitiations = ! dead1 & ask su* great gifts & hon\rs = ! dep>t$--t he w\ld *eat & humbug believ]s8 ,= my "p1 ,i w nev] let g ! cont9uance ( ! s\l1 unless "s ,h]akles %all come & take away ! ,py?ia's tripod & aboli% & de/roy ! oracle4 ,= z long z s _m oracles ( ?is k9d are giv5 ev5 9 our day1 x is n holy to condemn ! s\l to #aje dea?4#aaa ,& ,plut>* =tifies 8 conviction ) /ories ( oracles1 & ( m5 :o _h conv]se ) daemons1 ) apocalypses & revelations1 among :i* are two notable ,desc5ts into ,hades1#aab & a curi\s acc\nt ( daemons 9 ! ,briti% ,isles4#aac ,! !ory ( daemons l5t itself to ! explanation ( ! orig9 ( evil1 b speculation 9 ?is direction seems n to h appeal$ to ,plut>*4 ,he uses bad daemons to expla9 ! less pleasant phases ( paganism1 z we %all see1 b ! "q ( evil he sc>cely t\*es4 ,9 8 book on ,isis & ,osiris he discusses ,typhon z ! evil elem5t 9 nature1 & ref]s ) int]e/ to ! views ( ! ,magian ,zoroa/] :o1 !y say1 liv$ ab\t five hundr$ ye>s be=e ! ,trojan ,w>4 ,zoroa/] held t !re 7 two div9e be+s1 ! bett] be+ a god1 ,horomazes 7,ormuzd71 ! o!r a daemon ,areimanios 7,ahriman71 ! "o mo/ l to light ( all s5sible ?+s1 ! o!r to d>kness & ignorance1 & betwe5 !m is ,mi?ras1 = :i* reason ! ,p]sians call ,mi?ras ! ,m$iator4 ,b ! h\r ( ,mi?ras 0 n yet come1 & 9 all 8 writ+s ,plut>* h>dly alludes to him m ?an half a doz5 times4#aad ,x %\ld be not$ t1 :atev] 8 int]e/ 9 ,ea/]n dualism ) its ,we/]n p>allels1 ,plut>* does n ab&on 8 belief 9 ! ,"o ,ultimate ,good ,god4 ,?is !n 9 b>e outl9e is a s*eme ( ,plut>*'s religion1 ?\gh1 z already not$1 ! s*eme is n ( 8 own mak+1 b is put toge!r f incid5tal utt]ances1 all liable to qualification4 ,x is n ! religion ( a philosoph]2 & ! qualifications1 :i* look l concessions to philosophic hesitation1 mean less ?an !y sugge/4 ,!y are entr5*m5ts ?r[n up aga9/ philosophy4 ,he is an educat$ ,greek :o has read ! philosoph]s1 b he is at he>t an apologi/--a def5d] ( my?1 ritual1 my/]y & poly!ism4 ,he has #ajf compromis$ :]e ,plato *all5g$4 ,8 front 7to c>ry out ! milit>y metaphor7 ext5ds ov] a v long l9e--a l9e 9 places v weakly support$1 & ! daemons =m its c5tre4 ,x is ! daemons :o l9k m5 to ! gods1 & ?r\gh !m to ! ,supreme1 mak+ ! univ]se a unity2 :o keep ! gods immune f contact ) matt] & f ! sugge/ion ( evil2 & :at is m1 !y enable ,plut>* to def5d ! my?s ( ,greek & ,egyptian tradition f ! attack ( philosoph] & unbeliev]4 ,& ?is def5ce ( my? 0 probably m to him ?an ! unity ( ! univ]se4 ,e k9d ( my? 0 f9d+ a home 9 ! ev5tual ,greek religion1 _m ( !m obsc5e1 be/ial & cruel--revolt+ to ! purity & ! t5d]ness develop+ m & m 9 ! bett] m9ds ( ,greece4 ,!y c\ld n well be deta*$ f ! religion1 s !y _h to be def5d$4 ,!re are1 = example1 _m elem5ts 9 ! my? ( ,isis & ,osiris t are disgu/+4 ,plut>* recomm5ds u fir/ ( all1 by means ( ! preconceptions suppli$ by ,greek philosophy ^u ! nature ( ,god1 to rule out :at is objectionable z unwor?y ( ,god1 b n to d ?is too h>%ly4 ,my? aft] all is a sort ( ra9b[ to ! sun ( reason1#aae & %\ld be receiv$ 9 a holy & philosophic _s4#aaf ,we mu/ n suppose t ?is or ! o!r /ory happ5$ s & 0 actually done4 ,_m ?+s told ( ,isis & ,osiris1 if !y 7 suppos$ to h truly befall5 ! bless$ & incorruptible nature ( ! gods1 w\ld be lawless & b>b>\s fancy :i*1 z ,a,eschylus says-- ,y mu/ spit out & purify y\r m\?4#aag ,b1 all ! same1 my? mu/ be h&l$ t5d]ly & n 9 too rationali/ic a _s--= t might be op5+ ! doors to ! a!i/ p4 ,euhem]us1 by recklessly turn+ all ! gods into g5]als & admirals & k+s ( anci5t days1 has cov]$ ! :ole _w ) a!ism1#aah & ! ,/oics1 z we h se51 are n mu* bett]1 :o turn ! gods into _! own gifts4 ,no1 we may h&le my? f> too freely--ah6 yet #ajg consid] x aga96 ,!re are s _m possibilities ( acceptance4 ,& 9 ! rites ( ,isis !re is no?+ unreasonable1 no?+ fictiti\s1 nor any?+ introduc$ by sup]/ition1 b "s ?+s h an e?ical value1 o!rs a hi/orical or physical sugge/ion4#aai ,sid5ote3 ,evil daemons ,9 ! second place1 if no?+ c be done = ! my? or ! rite--if x is really an extreme case--,plut>* falls back ^u ! daemons4 ,!re are diff]5ces among !m z !re are among m51 & ! elem5ts ( passion & unreason are /rong 9 "s ( !m2 & traces ( ^! are to be f\nd 9 rites & initiations & my?s "h & !re4 ,rituals 9 :i* !re is ! eat+ ( raw fle%1 or ! r5d+ asund] ( animals1 fa/+ or beat+ ( ! brea/1 or aga9 ! n>ration ( obsc5e leg5ds1 are to be attribut$ to no god b to evil daemons4 ,h[ _m su* rituals surviv$1 ,plut>* does n say & p]haps he did n "k2 b ! ,*ri/ian apologi/s 7 less retic5t1 & ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria & ,firmicus ,mat]nus & ! re/ h abundant evid5ce ab\t !m4 ,"s ( ^! rites1 ,plut>* says1 mu/ h be5 practis$ to av]t ! att5tion ( ! daemons4 ,! human sacrifices t us$ to be p]=m$1 c\ld n h be5 welcome to ! gods1 nor w\ld k+s & g5]als h be5 will+ to sacrifice _! own *ildr5 unless !y _h be5 appeas+ ! ang] ( ugly1 ill-temp]$1 & v5geful spirits1 :o w\ld br+ pe/il5ce & w> ^u a p till !y obta9$ :at !y s\ght4 ,moreov] z = all !y say & s+ 9 my? & hymn1 ( rapes & w&]+s ( ! gods1 ( _! hid+1 ( _! exile & ( _! s]vitude1 ^! are n ! exp]i5ces ( gods b ( daemons4 ,x is n "r to say t ,apollo f\ght a dragon = ! ,delphic %r9e4#abj ,b "s su* tales 7 to be f\nd 9 ! f9e/ lit]ature ( ! ,greeks1 & !y 7 !re told ( ! gods4#aba ,9 reply to ?is1 "o ( ,plut>*'s *>act]s quotes ! n>rative ( a h]mit by ! ,r$ ,sea4#abb ,?is holy man conv]s$ ) m5 once a ye>1 & ! re/ ( ! "t he consort$ ) #ajh w&]+ nymphs & daemons--! mo/ beautiful man ,i ev] saw1 & q free f all disease4 ,he liv$ on a bitt] fruit :i* he ate once a mon?4 ,?is sage decl>$ t ! leg5ds told ( ,dionysus & ! rites p]=m$ 9 8 hon\r at ,delphi really p]ta9$ to a daemon4 ,if we call "s daemons by ! names t belong to gods1--no wond]1 said ?is /rang]1 = a daemon is con/antly call$ aft] ! god1 to :om he is assign$1 & f :om he has 8 hon\r & 8 p[]--j z m5 are call$ ,a!naeus or ,dionysius--& _m ( !m h no sort ( title to ! gods' names !y be>4#abc ,sid5ote3 ,sup]/ition ,) ,philosophy s ready to be our my/agogue & to lead u into ! true k ( div9e goodness1 & ) s helpful a !ory to expla9 away all t is (f5sive 9 traditional religion1 fai? ought to be z easy z x is happy & :olesome4 ,b !re is ano!r dang] beside ,a!ism--its exact opposite1 sup]/ition2 & "h--ap>t f philosophical que/ions--lay ! practical difficulty ( ,plut>*'s religion4 ,he accept$ almo/ e cult & my?ology :i* ! anci5t _w _h h&$ d[n2 ,poly!ism kn[s no false gods4 ,b to guide "o's c\rse aright1 betwe5 ! true my? & ! deprav$1 to di/+ui% betwe5 ! true & good god & ! pseudonym\s daemon1 0 no easy task4 ,! /range mass ( ,egyptian misund]/&+s 0 a te/imony to ?is--"s 9 _! ignorance ?\ght ! gods und]w5t ! actual exp]i5ce ( ! gra9 !y gave m5 to s[1 j z untaught ,greeks id5tifi$ ! gods ) _! images2 & "s ,egyptians wor%ipp$ ! animals sacr$ to ! gods2 & s religion 0 br\ght into contempt1 :ile ! weak & h>mless fell into unb\nd$ sup]/ition1 & ! %rewd] & bold] into bea/ly & a!i/ic reflections4#abd ,& yet on second ?\ghts ,plut>* has a k9dly apology = animal-wor%ip4#abe ,plut>* himself wrote a tract on sup]/ition 9 :i* "s h f\nd a note ( rhetoric or special plead+1 = he decid$ly gives ! a!i/ ! sup]iority ov] ! sup]/iti\s1 #aji a view :i* ,amyot1 8 great translator1 call$ dang]\s1 = x is c]ta9 t ,sup]/ition comes ne>] ! mean ( true ,religion ?an does ,a!ism4#abf ,p]haps x did 9 ! sixte5? c5tury1 b 9 ,plut>*'s day sup]/ition 0 ! real enemy to be cru%$4 ,ne>ly e sup]/iti\s practice he cites appe>s 9 o!r writ]s4 ,sup]/ition1 ! wor/ ( all t]rors1 l all o!r t]rors kills action4 ,x makes no truce ) sleep1 ! refuge f o!r fe>s & pa9s4 ,x inv5ts all k9ds ( /range practices1 imm]sions 9 mud1 baptisms1#abg pro/rations1 %ameful po/ures1 outl&i% wor%ips4 ,he :o fe>s ! gods ( 8 fa!rs & 8 race1 savi\rs1 fri5ds & giv]s ( good--:om w he n fe>8 ,sup]/ition adds to ! dread ( dea? ! ?\ght ( et]nal woes4 ,! a!i/ lays 8 mis=tunes d[n to accid5t & looks = rem$ies4 ,! sup]/iti\s makes all into judgm5ts1 ! /rokes ( ,god1 & w h no rem$ies le/ he %\ld seem to fight aga9/ ,god 7!oma*e974 ,leave me1 ,sir1 to my puni%m5t6 he cries1 me ! impi\s1 ! accurs$1 hat$ ( ,gods & daemons--s he sits 9 rags & rolls 9 ! mud1 confess+ 8 s9s & iniquities1 h[ he ate or drank or walk$ :5 ! daemonion =bade4 ,wret*$ man6 he says to himself1 ,provid5ce orda9s ?y suff]+2 x is ,god's decree4 ,! a!i/ ?9ks !re are no gods2 ! sup]/iti\s wi%es !re 7 none4 ,x is !y :o h inv5t$ ! sacrifices ( *ildr5 t prevail$ at ,c>?age#abh & o!r ?+s ( ! k9d4 ,if ,typhons & ,giants 7 to drive out ! gods & become our rul]s1 :at worse c\ld !y ask8 ,a h9t f ! ,conjugal ,precepts may be add$ "h1 z x sugge/s a difficulty 9 practice4 ,! wife ought n to h m5 fri5ds ( h] own b to %>e h] husb&'s2 & ! gods are our fir/ & be/ fri5ds4 ,s ^? gods :om ! ! husb& ackn[l$ges1 ! wife ought to wor%ip & own1 & ^? alone1 & keep ! great door %ut on sup]flu\s devotions & =eign sup]/itions4 ,no god really enjoys ! #aaj /ol5 rites ( a woman 9 secret4#abi ,?is is a c\nsel ( peace1 b if ugly1 ill-temp]$ & v5geful spirits seem to ! "m to ?reat5 h] *ildr51 :o w decide :at are sup]flu\s devotions8 ,! religion ( ,plut>* is a diff]5t ?+ f 8 morality4 ,= 8 e?ics re/ on an exp]i5ce mu* m easy to analyse1 & l e eld]ly & g5ial p]son he has mu* t he c say ( ! k9dly duties ( life4 ,e read] w own ! beauty & ! high tone ( mu* ( 8 tea*+1 ?\gh "s w feel t its c5tre is ! individual1 & t x is pleasant r ?an compulsive & inevitable4 ,aft] all ne>ly e religion has1 some:]e or o!r1 :at are call$ good e?ics1 b ! vital "q is1 ,:at else8 ,9 ! la/ resort is ec/asy1 indep5d5tly ( morality1 ! ma9 ?+8 ,are words & acts holy z religi\s symbols :i* 9 a society are obvi\sly vici\s8 ,:at propell5t p[] lies beh9d ! morals8 ,& :]e are tru? & exp]i5ce8 ,sid5ote3 ,apology or tru?8 ,:at !n is to be said ( ,plut>*'s religion8 ,"h 8 exp]i5ce 0 n s readily intelligible1 & e inh]it$ & acquir$ in/9ct )9 him conspir$ to make him cl+ to tradition & au?ority z oppos$ to indep5d5t judgm5t4 ,8 philosophy 0 n ,plato's1 9 spite ( mu* t he borr[$ f ,plato1 = its motive 0 n ! love ( tru?4 ,! /ress he lays ^u ! pleasure ( believ+ %[s t 8 ultimate canon is emotion4 ,he does n really wi% to f9d tru? on its own acc\nt1 ?\gh he hone/ly w\ld l its support4 ,he wi%es to believe1 & believe he w--sit pro ratione voluntas4 ,!re is some?+ ( ! woman 9 ,plut>*1 says ,mr ,lecky4 ,l m5 ( ?is temp]am5t 9 e age1 he surr5d]s to emotion1 & emotion decl9es into s5tim5talism4 ,he _c firmly say t any?+1 ) :i* religi\s feel+ has ev] be5 associat$1 has ceas$ to be useful & has become false4 ,he may talk bravely ( %utt+ ! great door aga9/ ,sup]/ition1 b ,sup]/ition has _m entrances--inde$1 0 indoors already4 ,we h only to look at 8 treatise on ,isis & ,osiris to see ! effects ( compromise 9 religion4 ,he w nev] take a firm /&2 !re are always possibilities1 explanations1 p>allels1 sugge/ions1 symbolisms1 by :i* he c escape f fac+ #aaa def9itely ! dem& = a decisive re=mation ( religion4 ,z a result1 9 spite ( ! radiant mi/ ( amiability1 :i* he diffuses ov] ^! ,egyptian gods1 till ! old my?s seem capable ( e conceivable int]pretation1 & ev]y?+ a symbol ( ev]y?+ else1 & all is beautiful & holy--! fooli% & indec5t old /ories rema9 a def9ite & integral "p ( ! religion1 ! animals are /ill objects ( wor%ip & ! image ( ,osiris /&s 9 its orig9al nak$ obsc5ity4#acj ,& ! ,egyptian is n ! only religion1 =1 z ,t]tullian po9ts out1 ! old rites are /ill practis$ e :]e6 ) unabat$ horrors1 symbol or no symbol4#aca ,plut>* emphasizes ! goodness & fri5dl9ess ( ! gods1 b he leaves ! evil daemons 9 all _! activity4 ,/range & awful sacrifices ( ! pa/ he deprecates1 b he %[s no reason :y !y %\ld n cont9ue4 ,god1 he says1 is h>dly to be conceiv$ by man's m9d z 9 a dream2 & he ?anks heav5 = its peculi> grace t ! oracles are reviv+ 9 8 day2 he believes 9 necromancy1 !olepsy & ne>ly e o!r grotesque means ( int]c\rse ) gods & daemons4 ,he calls himself a ,platoni/2 he is pr\d ( ! great lit]ature ( ,greece2 b ne>ly all t we associate 9 religi\s ?\ght ) su* names z ,x5ophanes1 ,euripides & ,plato1 he g5tly waves aside on ! au?ority ( ,apollo4 ,x raises ! dignity ( ,s5eca :5 we set beside him ?is delightful man ( lett]s1 s full ( *>m1 s w>m ) ! love ( all t is beautiful1 s closely knit to ! t5d] emotions ( ance/ral piety--& s unspeakably inf]ior 9 ess5tial tru?fulness4 ,! anci5t _w reject$ ,s5eca1 z we h se51 & *ose ,plut>*4 ,if ,plut>* 0 n ! f\nd] ( ,neo-,platonism1 he 0 "o ( its precursors & he %[$ ! pa?4 ,d[n t pa? anci5t religion swung ) deep5+ emotion into t /range m$ley ( ?\ght & my/]y1 piety1 magic & absurdity1 :i* is call$ ! ,new ,platonism & has no?+ to d ) ,plato4 ,"h & !re "s f9e _s em]g$ into cle>] air1 & 9 "s mom5t ( ec/asy #aab a*iev$ by a leap "s fleet+ glimpse ( ,absolute ,be+1 if !re is su* a ?+4 ,b ! mass ( m5 rema9$ bel[ 9 a d5s] atmosph]e1 prison]s ( ignorance & ( fancy--9 an atmosph]e n m]ely d>k b ta9t$1 full ( spiritual & intellectual dea?4 ,*apt] ,,iii ,footnotes3 #a ,amatorius1 #ac1 #gef ,a1 ,d2 #geg ,b4 ,! quotation is f ,euripides1 ,bac*ae1 #bjc4 #b ,non suavit]1 #ba1 #aaja ,e-#aajb ,a4 #c de ,iside1 #fh1 #cgh ,a4 #d de def4 orac4 #h1 #dad ,a4 #e ,mahaffy1 ,silv] ,age ( ,greek ,_w1 p4 #de4 #f ,horace is ! be/ kn[n ( ,a!nian /ud5ts4 ,! delightful lett]s ( ,synesius %[ ! hold ,a!ns /ill reta9$ ^u a v *ang$ _w 9 #djj ,a4,d4 #g ,life ( ,antony1 #fh4 #h ,symp4 i1 #e1 #a4 #i ,symp4 iv1 #d1 #d4 #aj v4 ,ant4 #bh4 #aa ,symp4 iii1 #g1 #a4 #ab ,symp4 ii1 #h1 #a4 #ac ,symp4 viii1 #f1 #e1 hubri/es on kai philogelos physei4 ,symp4 ix1 #ae1 #a4 #ad de frat]no amore1 #af1 #dhg ,e4 ,volkmann1 ,plut>*1 i1 #bd1 sugge/s he 0 ! ,timon ^: wife ,pl9y def5d$ on "o occasion1 ,epp4 i1 #e1 #e4 #ae de frat4 am4 #g1 #dha ,d4 #af de ,e4 #a1 #che ,b4 #ag v4 ,!m4 #cb1 end4 #ah ,zell]1 ,eclectics1 #ccd4 #ai de ,e4 #ag1 #cia ,e4 ,imag9e ! joys ( a ,euclid1 says ,plut>*1 9 non suavit]1 #aa1 #ajic ,e4 #bj ,symp4 ix1 #ae4 #ba ,symp4 viii1 #c1 ,i4 #bb ,p]icles #ac4 #bc ,dio ,*r4 ,rhodiaca1 ,or4 #ca1 #aag4 #bd ,cf4 ! ,nigr9us4 #be ,gellius1 ,n4,a4 ii1 #ba1 #a1 vos opici1 says ,gellius to 8 fri5ds--,phili/9es4 #bf ,symp4 v1 #e1 #a4 #bg ,polit4 praec4 #bj1 #haf ,d4 #bh de curiositate1 #ae4 #bi ,demo/h5es1 #b4 #cj ,see ,volkmann1 i1 #ce1 #cf2 ,rom4 ,qu4 #ajc2 ,lucullus1 #cg1 end4 #ca ,demo/h5es1 #b4 #cb de s]a1 #ae1 #eei ,a4 #cc de ,/oic4 rep4 #b1 #ajcc ,b1 ,c4 #cd ,pol4 ,praec4 #ae1 #haa ,c4 #ce ,symp4 ii1 #aj1 #a2 vi1 #h1 #a4 #cf ,ref]5ce to ,polemo's h&-book to !m1 ,symp4 v1 #b1 #fge ,b4 #cg de ,e4 #chd ,f4 #ch ,demo/h5es1 #b2 & #a4 #ci ,timoleon1 pref4 #dj ,alex&]1 #a4 #da de tranqu4 animi1 i1 #dfd ,f1 ouk akroaseos h5eka !rom5es kalligraphian--a pr(ession (t5 made1 b 9 ,plut>*'s case true en\gh z a rule4 #db ,see1 e4g41 v>iety ( possible explanations ( ! ,e at ,delphi1 9 tract ^u x4 #dc ,/apf]1 ,%akespe>e & ,classical ,antiquity 7tr471 p4 #bii4 ,x may be safely said he foll[$ ,plut>* f> m closely ?an he did ev5 ! old ,engli% *ronicl]s4 #dd ,cons4 ad ,ux4 #b-c1 #fjh ,c1 ,d4 #de ,cons4 ad ,ux4 #aa1 #fab ,a1 ,b4 ,cf4 non suavit]1 #bf1 #aajd ,c1 on ! loss ( a *ild or a p>5t4 #df de coh4 ira4 #aa1 #dei ,c2 cf4 ,progress 9 ,virtue1 #hj ,b1 #ha ,c1 on epieikeia & praotes z signs ( moral progress4 #dg ,cf4 ,s54 ,ep4 #dg2 ,clem4 ,alex4 ,pa$4 iii1 #ib4 #dh ,a curi\s p>allel to ?is 9 ,t]t4 de ,pati5tia1 #ae1 :]e ,t]tullian draws ! portrait ( ,pati5ce--p]haps f life1 z ,dean ,rob9son sugge/s--aft] ,p]petua ! m>tyr4 #di ,gellius1 ,n4,a4 i1 #bf4 #ej ,solon1 #cb4 #ea ,artemidorus1 ,oneirocritica1 iv1 #gb4 ,on ?is au?or see *apt] vii4 #eb ,see non suavit]1 #ag1 #ajih ,d1 on ! unspeakably ri* joy ( su* a life ( fri5dly relations ) gods & m54 #ec ,progress 9 ,virtue1 #d1 #gg ,c1 ,love ( ,philosophy comp>$ to a lov]'s passion1 to hung] & ?ir/4 #ed ,plato1 ,apology1 #ch ,a1 ho de anexeta/os bios ou biotos an?ropo4 #ee ,p5sees1 ,art4 xxiv1 #e4 #ef ,adv4 ,colot5 7foe ,epicurean71 #ca1 #aabe ,d1 ,e4 ,= ?is argum5t f cons5sus1 see ,s5eca1 ,ep4 #aag1 #f1 ,multum d>e solemus praesumptioni omnium hom9um et apud nos v]itatis argum5tum e/ aliquid omnibus vid]i3 tanquam deos esse int] alia hoc colligimus1 quod omnibus insita de dis op9io e/1 nee ulla g5s usquam e/ adeo extra leges moresque projecta ut non aliquos deos cr$at4 ,?is cons5sus re/s 7) ! ,/oics7 on ! common preconceptions ( ! m9d1 :i* are natural4 ,= ridicule ( ! doctr9e ( cons5sus1 see ,lucian1 ,zeus ,traga$us1 #db4 #eg ,amatorius1 #ah1 #gfc ,c4 ,cf4 view ( ,celsus ap4 ,orig4 c4 ,cels4 vii1 #da4 #eh ,consol4 ad ,apoll4 #cd1 #abj ,b4 #ei ,quomodo ,poetas1 #a1 #ae ,e1 ,f1 poetry a prelim9>y /udy to philosophy1 prophilosopheteon tois poiemas94 #fj de ,py?4 orac4 #bi1 #djh ,f4 ,cf4 ! pagan's spee* 9 ,m9ucius ,felix1 #g1 #f1 pl5i et mixti deo vates futura praec]punt 444 etiam p] guietem deos videmus4444 #fa ,s ,volkmann1 ,plut>*1 ii1 #bij n4 ,cf4 a passage ( ,celsus1 ,orig4 c4 ,cels4 viii1 #de4 #fb de def4 or4 #ad1 #dag ,c1 emphaseis & diaphaseis4 #fc ,t]tullian sums up ! pagan l9e ( argum5t & adds a tell+ criticism 9 8 book adv]sus ,nationes1 ii1 #a3 adv]sus haec igitur nobis negotium e/1 adv]sus in/itutiones maiorum1 auctoritates receptorum1 leges dom9antium1 argum5tationes prud5tium1 adv]sus vetu/atem consuetud9em necessitatem1 adv]sus exempla prodigia miracula1 quae omnia adult]9am i/am div9itatem corroborav]9t4444 ,maior 9 huiusmodi p5es vos auctoritas litt]>um quam r]um e/4 #fd de ,iside1 #fg1 #cgg ,f-#cgh ,a #fe ,oakesmi?1 ,religion ( ,plut>*1 p4 #hh--;a book :i* ,i h f\nd ( great use4 #ff de ,e4 #ah-bj4 ,cf4 ,clem4 ,alex4 ,protr4 #hd4 ,! true ,to-day ( ,god is et]nity4 ,also ,t]t4 ad ,natt4 ii1 #f1 on ! axiom ( no *ange 9 ,god4 #fg de ,e4 #ba4 #fh ,cf4 ,plato1 ,timaeus1 #ee ,d4 #fi ,plut>*1 de4 def4 orac4 #bi1 #dbe ,f-#dbf ,a4 ,celsus has ! same view2 7,orig51 c4 ,cels4 v1 #be2 vii1 #fh73 ! _w's regions are sev]ally allott$ to epoptai "u ,provid5ce2 s t local usages may well be ma9ta9$ 9 su* =m z pleases !m2 to alt] ^! w\ld be impi\s1 :ile to wor%ip ! daemons is to hon\r ,god1 :o is n jeal\s ( !m4 ,cf4 ,plut>*1 de =tuna ,romanorum1 #aa1 #cbd ,b1 ho ,romaion megas daimon 444 te polei synebesas kai synauxe!is1 k!--! tract is a poor & rhetorical "o1 & ! phrase may be m]ely a synonym = luck4 ,see also ,celsus 7,orig4 c4 ,cels4 viii1 #eh7 on ! ,egyptian attribution ( ! human body to ?irty-six daemons or gods ( ae!r1 s t by pray] to ! "r "o disease 9 any "p ( ! body may be cur$2 ,celsus gives "s ( _! names4 ,! ,*ri/ians assum$ a some:at simil> s*eme ) a r diff]5t developm5t4 ,a!nagoras1 an apologi/ ( ! second c5tury1 gives ! foll[+ acc\nt 9 8 ,presbeia1 #bd-bg4 ,a sy/em ( angels "u ,provid5ce exi/$1 "s good & "s bad1 enjoy+ free-w z m5 also d2 ! rul] ( matt] & ( ! =ms 9 x lu/$ aft] virg9s & succumb$ to fle%1 & neglect$ ! adm9i/ration entru/$ to him2 o!rs fell ) him2 !y _c rega9 heav5 b meantime occupy ! air2 _! *ildr5 by mortal wom5 7 giants & ! s\ls ( ^! are ! daemons2 ! rul] ( matt] directs all ?+s aga9/ ,god2 ) matt] are connect$ ! s\l's worse impulses4 ,see also ,clem4 ,alex4 ,/rom4 vi1 #aeg1 on angelic gov]nance ( individual nations & cities2 & ,lactantius1 ,in/it4 ii1 #h1 #ad1 ^: acc\nt fairly resembles t ( ,a!nagoras4 ,t]tullian1 h[ev]1 sugge/s 7,apol4 #aa7 t ! ,creator _h no ne$ ( ancill>y gods to complete 8 "w4 #gj ,= a summ>y ( ,/oic tea*+ "h1 see ,cic]o1 ,n4,d4 ii1 #fj-gj4 #ga de def4 orac4 #bi1 #dbf ,b4 ,cf4 de ,iside1 #ff1 #cgg ,d1 ,e4 ,y might z well give ! "n ( /e]sman to sails1 ropes or an*or4 #gb de def4 orac4 #cj1 #bdf ,d1 ,e4 #gc ,?is triple gov]nm5t ( ! ,univ]se is work$ out 9 de fato 7a tract ^: au?or%ip is que/ion$71 b f "o passage & ano!r ( ,plut>*'s und\bt$ works x c be e/abli%$1 ?\gh e /atem5t has a little fr+e ( unc]ta9ties4 #gd de ,iside1 #be1 #cfj ,e4 #ge de def4 orac4 #ab1 #daf ,c4 #gf ,cf4 ,a!nagoras1 ,presb4 #bd 7quot$ 9 note #a on p4 #ie72 & ,apuleius1 de deo ,socr4 #f1 #acb1 cit$ on p4 #bcb4 #gg de def4 orac4 #ac1 #daf ,f4 #gh de def4 orac4 #i1 #dad ,f4 #gi ,see de comm4 n4 adv4 ,/oicos1 #cc1 & de ,/oicorum repugn4 #cc1 #cd--?ree v int]e/+ *apt]s4 ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria has ! same tone 9 criticiz+ ?is idea--ouk oid hopos anexe?i tis epaion t\t\ !on egnokos apidon eis ton bion ton hymet]on en hosois phyrome?a kakois4 e9 g> an outos1 ho m$ eipe9 !mis1 m]ikos ham>tanon ho ^?1 k!4 ,/rom4 ii1 #gd4 #hj de ,iside1 #bf1 #cfa ,c4 ,cf4 ,plato1 ,sympos4 #bjb ,e1 #bjc ,a 7ref]r$ to above71 = ! functions ( to daimonion1 :i* is metaxu !\ te kai ?net\ 444 h]m5euon kai diamor?meuon !ois ta p> an?ropon kai an?ropois ta p>a !on k! 444 !os de an?ropo ou mignutai 444 ou toi de daimones polloi kai pantodapoi eis91 eis de t\ton e/i kai ho ,eros4 #ha de def4 orac4 #aj1 #dad ,f-#dae ,a4 #hb de ,iside1 #bg1 #cfa ,e2 de def4 orac4 #aj1 #dae ,c2 cf4 ,t]t4 ad ,natt4 ii1 #b4 #hc ,romulus1 #bh2 de def4 orac4 #aj1 #dae ,b4 #hd ,hesiod1 ,works & ,days1 #aba4 ,b1 asks ,tatian 7c4 #af71 :y %\ld !y get dra/ikot]as dynameos aft] dea?8 ,see ! reply giv5 by ,plut>*1 de def4 orac4 #ci1 #dca ,e4 ,comp>e also views ( ,apuleius 7de deo ,socr4 #ae7 cit$ on p4 #bcc4 #he de g5io ,socratis1 #bd1 #eic ,d-,f4 ,he is ?9k+ ( ! s]ies ( rebir?s4 #hf ,on su* places & on necromancy 9 g5]al see ,t]tullian1 de anima1 #eg1 :o puts x d[n to illusion ( ! evil "o--nec magnum illi ext]iores oculos circumscrib]e cui int]iorem m5tis aciem excaec>e p]facile e/4 #hg ,cf4 p4 #ae on ! g5ius & ! frava%i4 #hh de tranqu4 animi1 #ae1 #dgd ,b4 #hi ,cf4 ! /ory ( ! appe>ance to ,brutus ( 8 evil g5ius--ho sos1 o br\te1 daimon kakos1 ,brutus1 #cf4 ,basilides ! ,gno/ic 7! fa!r ( ,isidore7 is cr$it$ ) describ+ ,man z a sort ( ,wood5 ,horse ) a :ole army ( diff]5t spirits 9 him 7,clem4 ,alex4 ,/rom1 ii1 #aac74 ,plut>* makes a simil> jibe at ! ,/oic acc\nt ( arts1 virtues1 vices1 etc41 z corporeal or ev5 animate & rational be+s--mak+ a man a ,p>adise1 or a cattle-p51 or a ,wood5 ,horse1 de commun4 notit4 adv4 ,/oicos1 #de1 #ajhd ,b4 ,!re 0 a t5d5cy 9 contempor>y psy*ology to attribute all feel+s1 etc41 to daemonic influ5ce2 cf4 ,clem4 ,alex4 ,/rom4 ii1 #aaj1 :o sugge/s t all pa! are impr9ts 7z ( a seal7 made on ! s\l by ! spiritual p[]s aga9/ :i* we h to wre/le4 ,cf4 ,t]t4 de ,anima1 #da1 ! evil ( s\l 9 "p due to evil _s4 #ij ,clem5t says 7,/rom4 vi1 #ec7 t ,isidore ! ,gno/ic 9 ! fir/ book ( ! expositions ( ,p>*or ! ,prophet dealt ) ! daemon ( ,socrates & quot$ ,ari/otle's au?ority = su* tutel>y spirits4 ,= ! book ( ,apuleius1 see *4 vii4 #ia ,porphyry1 v4 ,plot9i1 #aj4 ,cf4 ,orig51 c4 ,cels4 vii1 #ce1 = ,celsus' views on ! visibility ( daemons1 e4g4 9 ! cave ( ,trophonius4 #ib ,life ( ,numa1 #d--;a mo/ int]e/+ *apt]1 :5 x is rememb]$ :at o!r works 7 be+ writt5 contemporane\sly4 #ic de g5io ,socr4 #bj1 #ehh ,d1 #ehi ,d4 #id de g54 ,socr4 #bd1 #eic ,d4 #ie de def4 orac4 #ch1 #dca ,c1 phantasias t\ mellontos4 #if ,cf4 ,clem4 ,alex4 ,/rom4 vi1 #df1 on prea*+ ( ,*ri/ 9 ,hades1 :]e s\ls1 rid ( ! fle%1 see m cle>ly4 #ig de dif4 orac4 #dj1 #dcb ,c-,e1 !rmoteti g> kai dia*ysei por\s t9as anoige9 phanta/ik\s t\ mellontos eikos e/94 ,= ^! poroi cf4 ,clem4 ,alex4 ,/rom1 vii1 #cf1 ) ,j4 ,b4 ,mayor's note4 #ih de def4 orac4 #df-dh1 #dce ,a-#dcg ,a 7ref]r+ to ,pha$o1 #ig ,d74 ,! curi\s mixture ( metaphors1 ! d\ble sugge/ion ( krasis1 ! p>allel f music1 & ! ambiguity ( to en?\sia/ikon 7*>act]i/ic ( ! confusion ( spiritual & mat]ial !n preval5t7 make a curi\s s5t5ce 9 ,engli%4 ,on ! relation ( daemons to oracles1 see also de facie 9 orbe lunae1 #cj1 #idd ,d2 also ,t]tullian1 de ,anima1 #df1 :o gives a lucid acc\nt ( daemons z ! explanation ( oracles1 & ,apol4 #bb--;daemons inhabit+ ! atmosph]e h e>ly k ( ! wea!r1 & by _! incr$ible spe$ c pass miracul\sly quickly f "o end ( ! e>? to ! o!r1 & s br+ in=mation--/range1 he adds 7c4 #be71 t ,cybele took a week to in=m h] prie/ ( ! dea? ( ,m>cus ,aurelius--o somniculosa diplomata6 7sleepy po/74 #ii de ,iside1 #hj1 #chc ,e4 ,clem4 ,alex4 ,/rom4 i1 #ace1 says ,greek prophets ( old 7 /irr$ up by daemons1 or disord]$ by wat]s1 fragrances or "s quality ( ! air1 b ! ,hebrews spoke by ! p[] & m9d ( ,god4 #ajj ,praec4 ,conj4 #ai4 ,cf4 ,plato1 ,laws1 #ijf ,a1 symma*oi de hem9 !oi te ama kai daimones1 hemeis d' au ktema !on kai daimonon4 #aja de repugn4 ,/oic4 #ch1 #ajea ,e4 #ajb non suavit]1 #bj1 #aaja ,b4 #ajc non suavit] #ba1 #aaja ,c4 ,clem4 ,alex4 ,pa$4 ii1 #a1 says x is peculi> to man to cleanse ! eye ( ! s\l4 #ajd non suavit]1 #bb1 #aajb ,f4 #aje de ,iside1 #a1 #cea ,d4 #ajf de ,iside1 #b1 #ceb ,a4 #ajg de ,iside1 #i1 #ced ,c1 emphaseis kai diaphaseis4 #ajh de ,iside1 #i1 #ced ,c4 #aji de ,iside1 #ec1 #cgb ,e1 ,myrionumos4 #aaj de s]4 num4 v9d4 #ah1 #efj ,f4 #aaa de s]4 num4 v9d4 #ag1 #efj ,b-,d4 ,ju/91 ,apology1 #a1 #ah1 appeals to ! belief 9 ! cont9uance ( ! s\l1 :i* pagans d]ive f necromancy1 dreams1 oracles & p]sons daemoniolept4 #aab ,9 de s]a num9um v9dicta & de g5io ,socratis4 ,cf4 also ! acc\nt ( ! s\ls ( ! dead giv5 9 de facie 9 orbe lunae1 c4 #bh ff4 #aac de def4 orac4 #ah1 #dai ,e4 ,ano!r curi\s tale ( ^! remote isl&s is 9 ,clem4 ,alex4 ,/rom4 vi1 #cc4 #aad ,cumont1 ,my/]ies ( ,mi?ra 7tr471 p4 #ce4 ,mi?raism began to spread "u ! ,flavians1 b 7p4 #cc7 rema9$ = ev] exclud$ f ! ,hell5ic _w4 #aae de ,iside1 #bj1 #ceh ,f4 #aaf de ,iside1 #aa1 #cee ,c4 #aag de ,iside1 #bj1 #ceh ,e4 ,cf4 ! language ( ,clem5t 9 deal+ ) expressions 9 ! ,bible t seem to imply an an?ropomorphic conception ( ,god4 ,see p4 #bia4 #aah de ,iside1 #bc1 #cfj ,a4 #aai de ,iside1 #h1 #cec ,e4 #abj de def4 orac4 #ad1 #ae1 #dag ,b-,f4 ,cf4 ,clem4 ,alex4 ,protr4 #db1 apan?ropoi kai misan?ropoi daimones enjoy+ an?ropoktonias4 #aba ,s ,t]tullian urges1 ad ,natt4 ii1 #g4 #abb ,?is man1 or somebody v l him1 appe>s z a ,*ri/ian h]mit 9 ,sulpicius ,sev]us1 ,dial4 i1 #ag2 only !re he is report$ to consort ) angels4 #abc de def4 orac4 #ba1 #dba ,a-,e4 ,cf4 ,t]t4 de ,spect4 #aj4 ,! names ( ! dead & _! images are no?+1 b we "k qui sub i/is nom9ibus in/itute simulacris op]5tur et gaudeant et div9itatem m5tiantur1 nequam spiritus scilicet1 daemones4 ,he holds ! gods to h be5 m51 long deceas$1 b agrees 9 believ+ 9 daemonic op]ations 9 %r9es1 etc4 #abd de ,iside1 #gj1 #ga1 #cgi ,b-,e4 #abe de ,iside1 #gf1 #chb ,a4 #abf ,see discussion 9 ,oakesmi?1 ,religion ( ,plut>*1 p4 #ahe4 ,gre>d1 de la ,morale de ,plut>que1 p4 #bfi1 ranks x ) ! be/ works t h come d[n to u f ,antiquity4 #abg ,t]tullian on pagan baptisms--,isis & ,mi?ras1 de ,baptismo1 #e2 de ,praescr4 ,ha]4 #dj4 #abh ,cf4 ,t]t4 ,apol4 #i1 on ^! sacrifices1 9 ,africa1 & else:]e1 & see p4 #bf4 #abi ,conjug4 ,praec4 #ai4 #acj ,cf4 de ,iside1 #ee1 #cgc ,c2 #ah1 #ceh ,b2 ! image ( ,osiris1 #cf1 #cfe ,b4 ,orig5 7c4 ,cels4 v1 #ci7 rem>ks t ,celsus is q pleas$ ) ^? :o wor%ip crocodiles 9 ! ance/ral way4 #aca ,if ! leg5d is m]e fable1 he asks1 cur rapitur sac]dos ,c]]is1 si non tale ,c]es passet e/8 cur ,saturno ali5i lib]i immolantur 444 cur ,idaeae masculus amputatur8 ad ,natt4 ii1 #h4 #aac ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,jesus ,,( ,,naz>e? ,:5 we he> any o!r speak]1 ev5 a v good "o1 he produces absolutely no effect ^u u1 or n mu*1 :]eas ! m]e fragm5ts ( y & y\r words1 ev5 at second-h&1 & h[ev] imp]fectly repeat$1 amaze & possess ! s\ls ( e man1 woman & *ild :o comes )9 he>+ ( !m4--,plato1 ,symposium1 #bae ,d 7,j[ett74 ,dom9us no/] ,*ri/us v]itatem se non consuetud9em cognom9avit4--,t]tullian1 de virg4 vel4 #a4 ,t[>ds ! end ( ! fir/ c5tury ( our era1 !re began to appe> a numb] ( little books1 writt5 9 ! ord9>y ,greek ( e-day life1 ! language :i* ! common p us$ 9 conv]sation & correspond5ce4 ,x 0 n ! lit]>y dialect1 :i* m5 ( lett]s affect$--a mann]$ & elaborate /yle modell$ on ! lit]ature ( anci5t ,greece & no long] a liv+ spee*4 ,! books 7 n int5d$ = a lett]$ public1 b = pla9 p :o want$ a pla9 /ory1 :i* !y knew already1 set d[n 9 a h&y & readable =m4 ,! writ]s did _! "w v fai?fully--"s ( !m %[+ a surpris+ loyalty to ! /ory :i* !y _h receiv$4 ,l o!r writ]s !y 7 limit$ by consid]ations ( space & s =?1 & ?is involv$ a c]ta9 fre$om ( *oice 9 select+1 omitt+1 abridg+ & piec+ toge!r ! mat]ial !y ga!r$4 ,f\r only ( ! books survive intact2 ( o!rs !re are scanty fragm5ts2 & s*ol>s h div9$ at lea/ "o indep5d5t "w embodi$ 9 two t rema94 ,s f> z books c1 ?ree ( !m repres5t v fairly ! ideas ( an e>li] g5]ation1 z x 0 int5d$ !y %\ld1 & tell _! common /ory1 ) ! v>iations natural to individual writ]s1 b ) a g5]al h>mony t is ! pl$ge ( its tru?4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,gospels ,at an e>ly date1 ^! books began to be call$ ,gospels#a & by ! "t !y _h circulat$ = a g5]ation !y 7 #aad v widely kn[n & read among ! community = :i* !y 7 writt54 ,ap>t f a /rong in/9ct :i* w\ld all[ no consci\s *ange to be made 9 ! l9eam5ts ( ! c5tral figure ( ! /ory1 !re 0 no?+ to safegu>d ! little books f ! fate ( all popul> works ( _! day4 ,celsus1 at ! end ( ! second c5tury1 ma9ta9$ t a good deal ( ! /ory 0 orig9ally inv5tion2 & he add$ t ! believ]s _h made z free z drunk m5 ) x & _h writt5 ! gospel ov] aga9--?ree times1 f\r times1 _m times--& _h alt]$ x to meet ! ne$s ( controv]sy4#b ,orig5 repli$ t ,m>cion's foll[]s & two o!r s*ools _h done s1 b he knew ( no o!rs4 ,x may to-day be tak5 z e/abli%$ t ! f\r gospels1 z we "k !m1 /& sub/antially z ne> ! autograph ( _! au?ors z mo/ anci5t books :i* 7 at all widely read1 ?\gh "h & !re x is probable1 or ev5 c]ta91 t *anges on a slight scale h be5 made 9 ! word+ to accommodate ! text to ! developm5t ( ,*ri/ian ideas4#c ,?is is at fir/ sight a s]i\s qualification1 b x is n s important z x seems4 ,by comp>ison ( ! fir/ ?ree gospels ) "o ano!r1 ) ! aid ( ! hi/ory ( _! transmission 9 ! orig9al ,greek & 9 _m v]sions & quotations1 x is n v difficult to see :]e ! h& ( a lat] day has t\*$ ! page & to break ?r\gh to some?+ 9 all probability v ne> ! orig9al /ory4 ,?is is ! greate/ problem ( lit]>y & hi/orical criticism to-day4 ,all sorts ( objections h be5 rais$ aga9/ ! cr$ibility ( ! gospels f ! "t ( ,celsus--!y 7 rais$ ev5 e>li]2 = ,celsus quotes !m f previ\s controv]siali/s--& !y are rais$ /ill4 ,we are sometimes told t we _c be absolutely c]ta9 ( ! au!nticity ( any s+le say+ ( ,jesus1 or p]haps ( any record$ episode 9 8 life4 ,a hyp]trophi$ consci5ce might admit ?is to be true 9 ! case ( any ^w or de$ ( ,jesus t might be quot$1 & yet ma9ta9 t we h n lo/ mu*4 ,=1 x is a commonplace ( hi/orians t an anecdote1 ev5 if false 9 itself1 may conta9 hi/orical tru?2 x #aae may be evid5ce1 t is1 to ! "* ( ! p]son ( :om x is told2 = a false anecdote dep5ds1 ev5 m ?an a true /ory1 ^u keep+ ! col\r ( its subject4 ,x may be add$ t1 z a rule1 false anecdotes are apt to be m highly col\r$ ?an true /ories1 j z a piece ( col\r pr9t+ is g5]ally a good deal bright] ?an nature4 ,! read]1 :o1 by famili>ity ) books1 & ) ! ways ( _! writ]s1 has develop$ any degree ( lit]>y in/9ct1 w n be incl9$ to pron\nce ! col\rs 9 ! fir/ ?ree gospels at lea/ to be any?+ b natural & true4 ,h[ev]1 ev5 if "o 7 to conc$e t all ! record$ say+s & do+s ( ,jesus are fabrications 7a wildly absurd hypo!sis71 !re rema9s a common elem5t 9 !m1 a unity ( tone & "*1 :i* po9ts to a well-kn[n & cle>ly m>k$ p]sonality beh9d !m1 ^: actual exi/5ce is fur!r impli$ by ! ,*ri/ian movem5t4 ,9 o!r words1 :e!r true or false 9 detail1 ! /atem5ts ( ! gospels1 if we "k h[ to use !m aright1 e/abli% = u ! hi/oricity ( ,jesus1 & leave no sort ( d\bt z to 8 p]sonality & ! impression he made ^u ^? :o came into contact ) him4 ,we may n p]haps be able to recon/ruct ! life ( ,jesus z we %\ld wi%--x w n be a biography1 & x w h no dates & h>dly any procession ( ev5ts4 ,we %all be able to date 8 bir? & dea?1 r\ghly 9 ! reigns ( ,augu/us & ,tib]ius1 m exactly fix+ 9 ea* case a p]iod ( five ye>s or s )9 :i* x mu/ h happ5$4 ,( epo*s & crises 9 8 life we c say little1 = we d n "k en\gh ( ,john ! ,bapti/ & 8 "w to be able to make cle> 8 relations ) ,jesus1 nor c we speak ) mu* c]ta9ty ( ! developm5t ( ! idea ( ,messiah%ip 9 ! m9d ( ,jesus himself4 ,b we c ) c>e recapture some?+ ( ! exp]i5ce ( ,jesus2 we c r\ghly outl9e 8 outw>d life & environm5t4 ,:at is ( m consequ5ce1 we c realize t1 :atev] ! p>ticul> facts ( 8 own c>e] :i* op5$ ! door = him1 he ent]$ into ! g5]al exp]i5ce ( m5 & knew human life deeply & intimately4 ,&1 aft] all1 9 ?is case z 9 o!rs1 x is n ! facts ( ! life t matt]1 b ! c5tral fact t ?is man did "k life z x is be=e he made judgm5t ^u #aaf x4 ,x is ?is alone t makes 8 judgm5t--or any o!r man's--( consequ5ce to u4 ,x is n 8 individual life1 full ( endless significance z t is1 b 8 realization !reby ( man's life & 8 attitude t[>d x t is ! real gift ( ! great man--8 ?\ght1 8 "*1 himself 9 fact4 ,& "h our difficulty vani%es1 = no "o1 :o has c>$ to /udy ! gospels ) any degree ( intellig5t sympa?y1 has fail$ to realize ! p]sonality !re reveal$ & to come 9 "s way or o!r "u its influ5ce4 ,s f> 9 deal+ ) ! religi\s life ( ! anci5t _w1 we h _h to d ) ideas & traditions--) a well ?\ght-out s*eme ( philosophy & ) an anci5t & impressive s]ies ( my/]ies & cults4 ,! new =ce t n[ came into play is some?+ q diff]5t4 ,! c5tre 9 ! new religion is n an idea1 nor a ritual act1 b a p]sonality4 ,z its oppon5ts 7 quick to po9t out1--& !y /ill f9d a curi\s pleasure 9 r$iscov]+ x--!re 0 little new 9 ,*ri/ian tea*+4 ,m5 _h be5 mono!i/s be=e1 !y _h wor%ipp$1 !y _h lov$ _! neighb\rs1 !y _h display$ ! virtues ( ,*ri/ians--:at 0 !re peculi> 9 ,*ri/ianity8 ,plato1 says ,celsus1 _h taught long ago ev]y?+ ( ! lea/ value 9 ! ,*ri/ian s*eme ( ?+s4 ,! ,talmud1 accord+ to ! mod]n ,jew1 conta9s a p>allel to ev]y?+ t ,jesus said--7& h[ mu* else6 adds ,wellhaus574 ,:at 0 new 9 ! new religion1 9 ?is ?ird race ( m58 ,! ,*ri/ians _h _! answ] ready4 ,9 cle> spee*1 & 9 aphasia1 !y indicat$ _! f\nd]4 ,he 0 new4 ,if we are to und]/& ! movem5t1 we mu/ 9 "s degree realize him--9 himself & 9 8 influ5ce ^u m54 ,9 e endeav\r made by any man to recon/ruct ano!r's p]sonality1 !re w always be a subjective & imag9ative elem5t4 ,biography is always a "w ( ! imag9ation4 ,! me?od has its dang]s1 b )\t imag9ation ! ?+ is n to be done at all4 ,a great man impresses m5 9 a myriad ( diff]5t ways--he is z v>i\s & z bewild]+ly sugge/ive z ,nature h]self--& no two m5 w record q ! same exp]i5ce ( him4 ,:]e ! imag9ation has to p5etrate an extraord9>y v>iety ( impressions1 to seize1 n a s]ies ( =ces ea* sev]ally mak+ #aag its own impression1 b a s+le p]sonality ( _m elem5ts & yet a unity1 m5 may well diff] 9 ! pictures !y make4 ,ev5 ! same man w at diff]5t times be diff]5tly impress$ & n always be uni=mly able to grasp & ord] 8 impressions4 ,h5ce x is t biographies & portraits are s full ( surprises & disappo9tm5ts1 :ile ev5 ! writ] or ! pa9t] w n always accept 8 own int]pretation--he outgr[s x & dete/s x4 ,& if x is possible to sp5d a life 9 ! realization ( ! simple/ human nature1 :at is to be said ( an attempt to make a f9al picture ( ,jesus ( ,naz>e?8 ,/ill ! ef=t mu/ be made to appreh5d :at he 0 to ^? ) :om he liv$1 = f t comes ! :ole ,*ri/ian movem5t4 ,sid5ote3 ,celsus on co>s5ess ( ,jesus ,celsus d5\nc$ ,jesus 9 language t amazes u2 b :5 he 0 confront$ ) ! tea*+ ( ,jesus1 ! moral wor? ( :i* a m9d s c&id c\ld n d5y1 he admitt$ its value1 b he attribut$ x to ! fact t ,jesus plagi>iz$ l>gely f ,greek philosophy & above all f ,plato4 ,he did n grasp1 ,celsus adds1 h[ good :at he /ole really 01 & he spoil$ x by 8 vulg>ity ( phrase4 ,9 p>ticul>1 ,celsus d5\nc$ ! say+ ,:osoev] %all smite !e on ! "r *eek1 turn to him ! o!r also4 ,! idea came f ! ,crito1 :]e ,socrates compels ,crito to own t we mu/ d evil to no "o--n ev5 by way ( requital4 ,! passage is a f9e "o1 & ,celsus quot$ x 9 triumph & ask$ if !re 7 n some?+ co>se & cl[ni% 9 ! /yle ( ,jesus4#d ,celsus =got = ! mom5t t ! same sort ( criticism _h be5 made ^u ,socrates4 ',y _h bett] be done1' said ,critias1 ') ^? %oemak]s ( y\rs1 & ! c>p5t]s & copp]smi?s4 ,!y mu/ be pretty well d[n at ! heel by n[--consid]+ ! way y h talk$ !m r\nd4' ',yes1' said ,*>icles1 '& ! c[h]ds too4'#e ,b six c5turies _h made ano!r man ( ,socrates4 ,8 ideas1 int]pret$ by ,plato & o!rs1 _h alt]$ ! :ole ?9k+ ( ! ,greek _w2 8 ,sil5us-face _h gr[n beautiful by #aah association2 ! physiognomy ( 8 m9d & spee* 0 no long] s /rik+2 he 0 a famili> figure1 & 8 words & phrases 7 curr5t co91 accept$ )\t "q4 ,b to ,celsus ,jesus 0 no su* figure2 he _h n ! traditions & preconceptions :i* h 9 turn obscur$ = u ! features ( ,jesus2 !re 0 no?+ 9 ,jesus ei!r hall[$ or famili>1 & "o glance reveal$ a physiognomy4 ,t he did n l x is ( less importance4 ,sid5ote3 ,! words ( ,jesus ,tak+ ! say+ 9 "q1 we f9d1 z ,celsus did1 absurdity ^u ! face ( x1 &1 z he also did1 some?+ else at ! he>t ( x--a contra/ betwe5 surface & inn] value broad z ! gulf betwe5 ! common s5se :i* m5 ga!r f exp]i5ce & ! morality :i* ,jesus read b5ea? human nature4 ,among ! words ( ,jesus !re are _m su* say+s1 & x is cle> t he himself saw & design$ ! contra/s :i* we feel z we read !m4 ,?is s5se ( contra/ is "o ( ! gr\nd-factors ( hum\r g5]ally1 p]haps ! "o indisp5sable factor2 x is always pres5t 9 ! highe/ hum\r4 ,if we !n take ! words ( ,jesus1 z !y /ruck ^? :o fir/ he>d !m--or z !y /ruck ,celsus--we _c help rem>k+ at once a /rong individual "* 9 !m1 "o elem5t 9 :i* is hum\r1--always "o ( ! mo/ p]sonal & individual ( all m>ks ( physiognomy4 ,hum\r1 9 its highe/ =m1 is ! sign ( a m9d at peace ) itself1 = :i* ! contra/s & contradictions ( life h ceas$ to j>1 ?\gh !y h n ceas$ to be1--:i* accepts !m z necess>y & n )\t mean+1 inde$ z add+ *>m to life1 :5 !y are view$ f above4 ,x is ! faculty :i* lets a man see :at ,plato call$ ! :ole trag$y & com$y ( life#f--! "o 9 ! o!r4 ,is x n hum\r t saw ! ,ph>isee e>ne/ly r9s+1 rubb+ & poli%+ ! outside ( 8 cup1 =getful ( ! fact t he drank f ! inside8 t saw ! simple-m9d$ tak+ _! baskets to ga!r ! grape-h>ve/ f bramble-bu%es8 ,t plead$ ) a nation1 already ga9+ a "n = be+ sordid1 n to ca/ pe>ls be=e sw9e1 & to =sake c>+ = ! morr[1 because su* c>e 0 ! m>k ( ! ,g5tile _w--! di/+ui%+ sign betwe5 ,g5tile & ,jew8 #aai ,t told ! m5 he knew s well--m5 br$ 9 a r\gh _w--to turn ! o!r *eek1--to yield ! cloak to him :o took ! coat1 n 9 irony1 b ) ! bro!rly feel+ t 8 necessity is great] ?an m9e--to g :5 comm&e]$ n ! requir$ mile1 mak+ an enemy by s\rness ( face1 b to g two--two additional1 ! ,syriac v]sion says--& s s(t5 ! man & make him a fri5d8#g ,:at /amps ! language ( ,jesus inv>iably is its delicate ease1 imply+ a s5sibility to e real aspect ( ! matt] 9 h&--a s5se ( ma/]y & peace4 ,m5 m>vell$ at ! *>m ( 8 words--,luke us+ ! ,greek *>is to express x4#h ,! homely p>able may be 9 o!r h&s co>se en\gh1 b ! p>ables ( ,jesus h a quality ab\t !m aft] all ^! ye>s t leaves "o c]ta9 he smil$ z he spoke !m4 ,!re is some?+ ( ! same k9d to be felt 9 ,c[p]'s lett]s1 b 9 ! /rong] nature ! gift is ( m significance4 ,at ! co/ ( a little /udy ( human "*1 & close read+ ( ! ,synopti/s1 & "s c>eful imag9ation1 x is possible to see him z he spoke1--! fla% ( ! eye1 ! smile on ! lip1 ! ge/ure ( ! h&1 all ! natural expression ( himself & 8 ?\ght t a man unconsci\sly gives 9 speak+1 :5 he has =gott5 himself 9 8 matt] & 8 he>]--8 physiognomy1 9 fact4 ,we realize v soon 8 complete ma/]y ( ! v>i\s aspects ( :at he says4 ,t he realizes e implication ( 8 words is less likely1 = !re is a spontaneity ab\t !m--!y are out ( ! abundance ( 8 he>t2 ! =m is n /udi$2 !y are = ! man & ! mom5t4 ,b !y imply ! speak] & 8 :ole relation to ,god & man--!y _c help imply+ ?is1 & t is _! *>m4 ,liv+ words1 fla%$ out on ! spur ( ! mom5t f ! dep?s ( him1 !y are ! man4 ,x 0 n idly t ! e>ly *ur* us$ to say ,rememb] ! words ( ! ,"l ,jesus4 ,on any %[+1 x is ( importance to le>n ! m9d ( "o ^: spee* is s full ( life1 & x is happily possible to d ?is f ev5 ! small collections we possess ( 8 record$ say+s4 #abj ,q ap>t f ! human int]e/ :i* always cl+s ab\t ! *ildhood ( a significant man1 ! e>ly ye>s ( ,jesus h a value ( _! own1 = x 0 to !m t he always return$ :5 he wi%$ to speak 8 deepe/ ?\ght on ! relations ( ,god & man4 ,9 ! life & love ( ! home he f\nd ! true/ picture ( ! div9e life4 ,?is we %all h to consid] m fully at a lat] po9t4 ,v little is said by ! evangeli/s ( ! *ildhood & y\? at ,naz>e?1 b 9 ! p>ables we h ,jesus' own rem9isc5ces1 & ! sc5es & sett+s ( ! /ories he tells fit 9 easily & pleasantly ) ! framework ( ! hi/orical & geographical facts ( 8 life at ,naz>e?4 ,! t[n lies 9 a bas9 among hills1 f ! rim ( :i* c be se5 ! hi/oric pla9 ( ,esdraelon t[>d ! ,s\?1 ,ea/w>d ! ,jordan valley & ! hills ( ,gilead1 & to ! ,we/ ! sea4 ,x is a map ( ,old ,te/am5t hi/ory4#i ,on great roads ,nor? & ,s\? ( ! t[n's girdle ( hills pass$ to & fro1 on ! j\rney betwe5 ,egypt & ,mesopotamia1 ! _m-col\r$ traffic ( ! ,ea/--mov+ no fa/] ?an ! camel c>$ to g1 sw++ disda9fully on1 ) contempt on its curl$ lip = mank9d1 its "w & itself4 ,trad]s1 pilgrims & pr9ces--! k+doms ( ! _w & ! glory ( !m--all )9 rea* & 9 no great hurry1 a panorama ( life = a ?\ghtful & imag9ative boy4 ,! hi/ory ( 8 nation lay on ! face ( ! l& at 8 feet1 & x 0 9 ! ,nor? t ! ,zealots ?rove4 ,0 x by accid5t t ,joseph ! c>p5t] gave all 8 five sons names t /ood = some?+ 9 ,hebrew hi/ory8 ,jesus himself says v little1 if any?+1 ( ! pa/ ( 8 p1 & he does n1 l "s ( ! ,psalmi/s1 turn to ! /ory ( ,israel = ! pro( ( 8 ?\ghts ^u ,god4 ,b x may be m ?an a co9cid5ce t 8 c\ntrym5 7 impress$ ) 8 k ( ! national lit]ature2 & traces ( o!r ?an canonical books h be5 f\nd 9 8 tea*+4 ,x implies a home ( piety1 :]e ,god 0 9 all _! ?\ghts4 ,sid5ote3 ,8 e>ly life ,! e>ly disappe>ance ( ! eld] ,joseph has be5 expla9$ by 8 dea?1 :i* seems probable4 ,! wid[ 0 #aba left ) five sons & "s daught]s4#aj ,! elde/ son 01 accord+ to ! /ory1 m ?an twelve ye>s old1 & he _h probably to %>e ! h\sehold burd54 ,! days 7 ov] :5 he play$ ) ! *ildr5 9 ! m>ket at w$d+s & at fun]als1 & :ile he nev] =got ! games & kept some?+ ( ! *ild's m9d ?r\gh\t1 he _h to le>n :at x 0 to be we>y & heavy-lad54 ,8 p>ables include pictures ( home-life--"o ( a little h\se1 :]e ! ma/] 9 b$ c argue ) an importunate fri5d outside ! door1 :o has come on a v homely err&4#aa ,9 a gr\p ( /ories1 p>ables ( ! "m1 we see ! woman sweep+ ! h\se till %e f9ds a lo/ dra*ma1 ! recov]y ( :i* is joyful en\gh to be told to neighb\rs4 ,we see h] hid+ leav5 9 ?ree measures ( meal1 :ile ! elde/ son sat by & wat*$ x "w4 ,he nev] =got ! sight ( ! heav+1 pant+ mass1 ! bubbles swell+ & bur/+1 & all ! commotion ! pro( ( some?+ alive & at "w bel[2 & he made x into a p>able ( ! ,k+dom ( ,god--associat$ 9 ! m9ds ( ! we>y ) brok5 bubbles1 & 9 ! m9d ( ,jesus ) ! pr(\nde/ & mo/ liv+ ( realities4 ,x 0 p]haps ,m>y1 too1 :o expla9$ to him :y an old g>m5t w n tol]ate a new pat*4 ,:atev] is ! hi/orical value ( ! f\r? ,gospel1 x lays /ress on ! close relation betwe5 ,jesus & 8 "m4 ,"o ( ! ,aramaic words1 :i* ! *ur* *]i%$ f ! fir/ z ! ipsissima v]ba ( ,jesus1 0 ,abba4 ,x 0 :at ,m>y _h taught him z a baby to call ,joseph4 ,! fact t 9 manhood he gave to ,god ! "n t 9 8 *ildhood he _h giv5 to ,joseph1 surely ?r[s "s light ^u ! homelife4 ,to ?is ^w we %all return4 ,jesus _h always a peculi> t5d]ness = *ildr54 ,suff] little *ildr5 to come unto me1 is "o ( 8 mo/ famili> say+s1 ?\gh 9 quot+ x we are apt to =get t come is 9 ,greek a v]b c>ry+ volition ) x1 & t ,m>k uses ano!r noticeable ^w1 & tells u t ,jesus put 8 arms r\nd ! *ild4#ab ,little *ildr51 we may be sure1 came to him ( _! own accord & 7 at ease ) him2 #abb & x has be5 sugge/$ t ! say+ goes back to ! ,naz>e? days1 & t ! little *ildr5 came ab\t _! bro!r 9 ! work%op !re4 ,mr ,burkitt has rec5tly rem>k$#ac t we may read f> & wide 9 ,*ri/ian ,lit]ature be=e we f9d any su* feel+ = *ildr5 z we "k s well 9 ! words ( ,jesus2 & 9 ,classical ,lit]ature we may look z f>4 ,to ,jesus ! *ild is n unimportant--to injure a *ild 0 an unspeakable ?+4 ,inde$1 if ! ,k+dom ( ,god meant any?+1 x 0 t we mu/ be *ildr5 aga9--,god's little *ildr51 to :om _! ,fa!r is ! backgr\nd ( ev]y?+4 ,! ,*ri/ian phrase ab\t be+ born aga9 may be ,jesus' own1 b if s1 x has lo/ = u some?+ ( :at he int5d$ by x1 :i* survives 9 m au!ntic say+s4 ,we h to recov]1 he said1 :at we lo/ :5 we outgrew ! *ild2 we mu/ h ! simplicity & frankness ( *ildr5--_! in/9ctive way ( believ+ all ?+s & hop+ all ?+s4 ,all ?+s are new to ! *ild2 x is only = gr[n-up p t ,god has to make all ?+s new4 ,paul has n mu* to say ab\t *ildr51 b he has ?is ?\ght--if any man be 9 ,*ri/1 x is a new creation1 all ?+s are made new4 ,probably ! *ild's habit ( tak+ no?+ = grant$--except ! love t is all ab\t x--is :at ,jesus miss$ mo/ 9 gr[n m54 ,e ideali/ & e poet is a *ild f beg9n+ to end--& some?+ ( ?is sort is ! m>k ( ! s*ool ( ,jesus4 ,sid5ote3 ,jesus & nature ,! outdoor life ( ,jesus lies record$ 9 8 p>ables4 ,we9el has said t ,paul 0 a man ( a city--,paul said s himself4 ,b ,jesus is at home 9 ! op5 air4 ,! sights & s\nds ( ! f>m are 9 8 words--! lo/ %eep1 ! fall5 ox1 ! worri$ flock1 ! h5 cluck+ to h] *ick5s4 ,?is la/ gave a picture 9 :i* 8 ?\ght in/9ctively clo!d itself 9 "o ( 8 h\rs ( deepe/ emotion4 ,x is p]haps a m>k ( 8 race & l& t to fe$ sw9e is ) him a symbol ( a lo/ life1 & t ! dog is an unclean animal--z x v g5]ally is else:]e4 ,he speaks ( pl\gh+1 cle>ly kn[+ h[ x %\ld be done2 & l o!r tea*]s1 he uses ! analogies ( s[+ & h>ve/4 ,! gra9 gr[+ secretly1 & ! h>ve/1 ov]-ripe & spill+ its :eat1 7 to him pictures ( human life4 #abc ,wild nature1 too1 he knew & lov$4 ,! wild lily1 :i* ! wom5 us$ to burn 9 _! ov5s nev] ?9k+ ( its beauty1 0 to him some?+ f9] ?an ,k+ ,solomon1 & he probably _h se5 ,h]odian pr9ces on ! ,galilean roads4 7,x is a curi\s ?+ t he has m ?an "o allusion to royal drap]ies47 ,he bade m5 /udy ! fl[]s 7kataman?ane974 ,x is p]haps wor? rem>k t fl[]-poetry came into ,greek lit]ature f regions famili> to u 9 ! life ( ,jesus2 ,meleag] 0 a ,gad>5e4 ,! ,psalmi/ long ago _h said ( ! birds t !y _h _! meat f ,god2 b ,jesus br\ght !m into ! human family--,y\r ,heav5ly ,fa!r fe$e? !m4 ,ev5 8 k ( wea!r signs is record$4 ,n all fl[]s keep 9 lit]ature ! sc5t & col\r ( life2 !y are a little apt to become natural objects4 ,b if !y are to reta9 _! *>m 9 pr9t1 some?+ is want$ t is n v common--! op5 he>t & ! op5 eye1 to :i* birds & fl[]s are will+ to tell _! secret4 ,!re are o!r ?+s :i* po9t to ! fact t ,jesus _h ?is end[m5t1--& n lea/ 8 be+ able to f9d 9 ! fl[] a l9k s /rong & s beautiful betwe5 ,god & man4 ,"h z else:]e he 0 9 t\* ) 8 environm5t1 = he lov$ ,nature z ,nature1 & 0 true to x4 ,8 p>ables are n l ,a,esop's ,fables4 ,8 lo/ %eep has no argum5ts2 8 lily is n a ,solomon1 ?\gh x is bett] dress$2 & 8 sp>r[s are nei!r morali/s nor !ologians--b sp>r[s1 :i* might be sold at two = a f>?+1 & 9 ! meantime are *irp+ & ne/+4 ,& all ?is life ( ,nature spoke to him ( ! "* ( ,god1 ( ,god's delight 9 beauty & ,god's love4 ,god is = him ! ev]-pres5t ?\ght 9 x all--real too1 to o!rs1 :5ev] he speaks ( him4 ,an amiable feel+ = ,nature is (t5 to be f\nd 9 s5tim5tal *>act]s4 ,b s5tim5talism is ess5tially self-deception2 & ! ,gospels make x cle> t ( all human s9s & weaknesses none seems to h /irr$ ! ang] ( ,jesus z did self-deception4 ,:5 ! ,ph>isees 9 ! synagogue wat*$ to see :e!r ,jesus w\ld heal on ! ,sabba?1 he look$ r\nd ab\t ^u !m all ) ang]1 says ,m>k4 ,?is gaze ( ,jesus is (t5 m5tion$ 9 ! ,gospels--almo/ unconsci\sly--b ,luke & ,mat!w drop ! la/ two words 9 quot+ ?is passage1 & d s at ! co/ #abd ( a mo/ *>act]i/ic t\*4 ,mat!w else:]e1 9 accordance ) 8 habit ( gr\p+ 8 matt] by subject1 ga!rs toge!r a collection ( ! utt]ances ( ,jesus ^u ! ,ph>isees1 ) ! recurr+ refra9 ,scribes & ,ph>isees1 actors4 ,! ,m$it]ranean _w 0 full ( ,greek actors2 we he> ( !m ev5 among ! ,p>?ians 9 #ec ,b4,c41 & 9 ,mesopotamia = c5turies2 & z !re _h long be5 ,greek cities 9 ,pale/9e1 & a /rong movem5t = g5]ations t[>d ,greek ways ( life1 ! actor _c h be5 an unfamili> figure4 ,to call ! ,ph>isees actors 0 a new & /rong ?+ to say1 b ,jesus said su* ?+s4 ,( ! gross] classes ( s9n]s he 0 tol]ant to a po9t t amaz$ 8 contempor>ies & gave great occasion ( criticism to su* enemies z ,celsus & ,julian4 ,he _h app>5tly no ang] = ! woman tak5 9 adult]y2 & he 0 ! fri5d ( publicans & s9n]s--ev5 eat+ ) !m4 ,sid5ote3 ,8 s5se ( ! real ,! explanation lies p>tly 9 ,jesus' in/9ct = reality & tru?4 ,s5suali/ & money-lov] 7 at lea/ occupi$ ) a sort ( reality2 pleasure & money 9 _! way are real1 & ! pursuit ( !m br+s a man1 soon] or lat]1 into contact ) realities g5u9e en\gh4 ,:atev] illusions publican & h>lot might h1 ! _w saw to x t !y did n keep !m long4 ,! dang] = su* p 0 t !y might be disillusion$ ov]mu*4 ,b ! ,ph>isee li$ ) himself4 ,if at times he trad$ on 8 righte\sness to ov]-rea* o!rs1 8 *ief victim 0 himself1 z ,jesus saw1 & z ,paul f\nd4 ,paul1 br\ght up 9 _! s*ool to practise righte\sness1 gave ! :ole ?+ up z a pret5ce & a lie--he w\ld no long] h any?+ to d ) 8 own righte\sness4 ,b he 0 an exception2 ,ph>isees 9 g5]al believ$ 9 _! own righte\sness2 &1 by tamp]+ ) _! s5se ( ! proportions ( ?+s1 !y lo/ all feel+ = reality1 & ) x all consci\sness ( ! value & dignity ( man & ! v possibility ( any conception ( ,god4 ,jesus _h be5 br$ 9 ano!r atmosph]e1 9 a s*ool ( realities4 ,:5 he said ,bless$ are ye poor1 = y\rs is ! ,k+dom ( heav51 8 words 7 ! record ( exp]i5ce--! p>adox 0 ! /ory ( 8 life4 ,he _h kn[n pov]ty & h&-lab\r2 he _h be5 expos$ to feel :at wret*es feel4 ,:atev] criticism may make ( ! /ory ( 8 fe$+ #abe multitudes1 x rema9s t he 0 m>k$ly s5sitive to ! idea ( hung]--ov] & ov] he urg$ ! fe$+ ( ! poor1 ! maim$ & ! bl9d2 he sugge/$ ! paym5t ( a day's wage = an h\r's "w1 :]e a day's food 0 ne$$ & only an h\r's "w c\ld be _h2 he ev5 rem9d$ a too happy fa!r t 8 little girl w\ld be ! bett] ( food4 ,no ?9k] ( 8 day1 or = long be=e & aft]1 0 s deeply consci\s ( ! appeal ( %e] mis]y1 & ?is is "o ( ! ?+s on :i* 8 foll[]s h nev] lo/ ! m9d ( ,jesus4 ,pov]ty 0 p]haps ev5 = himself a key to ! door into ! ,k+dom ( ,god4 ,at any rate1 he always emphasizes ! advantage ( disadvantages1 = !y at lea/ make a man 9 e>ne/ ) himself4 ,!re is a revelation ( ! s]i\sness ( 8 :ole m9d & nature 9 8 reply to ! foll[] :o w\ld g away & return4 ,no man1 hav+ put 8 h& to ! pl\gh & look+ back1 is fit = ! ,k+dom ( ,god4 ,?is e "o kn[s :o has tri$ to drive a furr[1 & all m5 ( action "k only too well t ! man1 :om ,jesus s describes1 is fit = no k9d ( ,k+dom4 ,x is only ! s5tim5talism ( ! *ur* t supposes ! flabby-m9d$ to be at home 9 ! ,k+dom ( ,god4 ,jesus did n4 ,! same k9d ( en]gy is 9 ! p>ables4 ,! unju/ /ew>d 0 a knave1 b he 0 9 e>ne/2 & s 0 ! que/ionably hone/ man :o f\nd treasure 9 a field4 ,! m]*ant let ev]y?+ g = ! "o pe>l ( great price4 ,m>y *ose ! "o ?+ ne$ful4 ,we may be sure t 9 "o %op 9 ,naz>e? b5*es 7 made to /& on f\r feet & doors to op5 & %ut4 ,! p>ables f nature1 z we h se51 are true to ! facts ( nature4 ,!y too /& on f\r feet4 ,! *ur* laid hold ( a *>act]i/ic ^w1 :5 x adopt$ = all "t ,jesus' ,am5--9 tru?4 ,jesus 0 always explicit ) 8 foll[]s--!y %\ld "k f ! fir/ t _! goal 0 ! cross1 & t meantime !y w\ld h no place :]e to lay _! heads4 ,!y 7 to beg9 ) h>d realities1 & to consort ) him on ! basis ( ! real4 ,! _w 9 ! age ( ,jesus 0 liv+ a good deal ^u its pa/1 look+ to old books & old cults1 z we see 9 ,plut>* & _m o!rs4 ,! ,jews no less liv$ ^u _! great books4 ,ev5 ,philo 0 fett]$ to ! ,old ,te/am5t1 #abf except :5 he c\ld dissolve 8 fett]s by allegory1 & ev5 !n he believ$ himself loyal to ! high] mean+ ( ! text4 ,b no?+ ( ! k9d is to be se5 9 ,jesus4 ,8 k ( ,psalmi/ & ,prophet excit$ wond]2 b 9 all 8 quotations ( ! ,old ,te/am5t t h rea*$ u1 !re is no trace ( s]vitude to ! lett] & no h9t ( allegory4 ,he does n quote ,scripture z 8 foll[]s did4 ,"h too he spoke z hav+ au?ority4 ,if sometimes he quot$ words = _! own sake1 x 0 always z an argum5tum ad hom9em4 ,b 8 own way 0 to grasp ! writ]'s m9d--a v difficult ?+ 9 8 day1 & little done--& to g /raight to ! root ( ! matt]1 reg>dless ( au?ority & tradition4 ,l draws to l1 & an int5sely real man at once grasp$ 8 k9%ip ) o!r int5sely real m52 & he f\nd 9 ! prophets1 n re$s %ak5 ) ! w9d1 c\rti]s ( k+ or ( p1 b m5 9 t\* ) reality1 ) _! eyes op5 = ,god1 fri5ds & =e-runn]s1 ^: exp]i5ce illum9$ 8 own4 ,?is type ( manhood ne$$ no explanation = him4 ,! o!r sort p]plex$ him--,:y c y n judge = y\rselves8 h[ 0 x t m5 c\ld see & yet n see8 ,f 8 inn] sympa?y ) ! prophetic m9d1 came 8 fre$om 9 deal+ ) ! prophets4 ,he read & und]/ood1 & decid$ = himself4 ,no s9c]e man w\ld ev] wi% 8 ^w to be f9al = ano!r4 ,jesus 0 consci\s ( 8 own "r to ?9k & to see & to judge1 & = him1 z = ! mod]n temp]1 ! f9al ?+ 0 n op9ion1 nor scripture1 nor au?ority1 b reality & exp]i5ce4 ,!re lay ! road to ,god4 ,h5ce x is t ,jesus is s tranquil1--he does n /rive nor cry--= ! man :o has exp]i5c$ 9 himself ! p[] ( ! real has no d\bts ab\t x be+ able to ma9ta9 itself 9 a _w1 :]e at he>t m5 want no?+ else4 ,sid5ote3 ,! temptations ( ,jesus ,:5 s cle> an eye = reality is turn$ ^u ! great que/ions ( man's life & ( man's relations ) ,god1 x is apt "h too to rea* ! c5tre4 ,f ! fir/1 m5 l+]$ ov] ! ?\ght t ,jesus _h gone to ! bottom ( human exp]i5ce & f\nd 9 ?is fact 8 p[] to help !m4 ,he 0 made l to 8 bre?r52 he 0 t\*$ ) ! feel+ ( our infirmities2 he 0 able to sympa?ize 7dynam5on sympa!sai7 = he 0 tempt$ 9 all respects l u4 ,9 #abg ! ,gospel1 z x is h&$ d[n to u1 ! temptation ( ,*ri/ is summ$ up 9 ?ree episodes set at ! beg9n+ ( ! /ory & told 9 a symbolic =m1 :i* may or may n h be5 giv5 to !m by ,jesus himself4 ,!n ! devil left him--,luke add+ significantly till a "t4 ,! int]pretation is n v cle>4 ,/rong m5 d n discuss _! own feel+s v mu*1 b x is possible n[ & !n to div9e "s exp]i5ce f an involunt>y tone1 or ! unconsci\s s5sitiv5ess ) :i* c]ta9 ?+s are m5tion$2 or1 m r>ely1 emotion may op5 ! lips = a mom5t ( self-revelation1 9 :i* a ^w lays b>e a lifetime's /ruggle4 ,x w add to ! significance ( 8 g5]al attitude t[>d ,god & man's life1 if we c cat* any glimpse ( ! inn] m9d ( ,jesus4 ,we h records ( 8 be+ exhau/$ & seek+ quiet4 ,biograph]s ( t day conceal$ su* ?+s 9 _! h]oes1 b ! ,gospels freely reveal :at contempor>y critics c\nt$ weaknesses 9 ,jesus4 ,he weeps1 he hung]s1 he is worn out4 ,he has to be alone--on ! m\nta9 by night1 9 a des]t-place be=e dawn4 ,su* exhau/ion is nev] m]ely physical or m]ely spiritual2 ! two ?+s are "o4 ,m5 cr[d$ ^u ,jesus1 till he _h n leisure to eat2 he came into t\* ) a ceaseless /ream ( human p]sonalities2 & ^? :o h be5 ?r\gh any su* exp]i5ce w und]/& :at x co/ him4 ,to communicate an idea or to %>e a feel+ is exhau/+ "w1 & we read fur!r ( de$s ( heal+1 :i*1 ,jesus himself said1 took virtue 7dynam97 out ( him1 & he _h to )draw4 ,:5 ! ,syro-,pho5ician woman call$ = 8 aid1 x 0 a "q ) him :e!r he %\ld sp5d on a =eign] ! virtue t c\ld ) difficulty meet ! claims ( ,israel1 = he 0 n consci\s ( ! omnipot5ce :i* has be5 lightly attribut$ to him4 ,x 0 ! woman's brilliant answ] ab\t ! little dogs eat+ ! *ildr5's crumbs t ga9$ h] reque/4 ,! turn ( spee* %[$ a ve9 ( hum\r1 & he cons5t$ = ?is say+4#ad ,if human exp]i5ce goes = any?+ 9 su* a case1 contact ) a _s s delicate & sympa!tic gave him some?+ ( ! #abh /r5g? he sp5t4 ,! incid5t ?r[s light ^u ! fluxes & refluxes ( feel+ )9 him1 & ! effect ^u him ( a _s ) some?+ ( 8 own t5d]ness & hum\r4 ,= ! mom5t1 ?\gh1 8 s5se ( hav+ rea*$ 8 limits %\ld be notic$4 ,! *ur* has nev] =gott5 ! agony 9 ! g>d51 b t episode has lo/ "s ( its significance because x has n be5 recogniz$ to be "o l9k 9 a *a9 ( exp]i5ce1 :i* we mu/ try to recon/ruct4 ,x has be5 assum$ t ,jesus nev] expect$ to influ5ce ! ,ph>isees & scribes2 b ?is is to mis9t]pret ! common temp] ( ideali/s1 & to miss ! pa9 ( ,jesus' words :5 he f\nd 8 hopes ( ! ,ph>isees to be va94 ,gradually1 f _! pressure ^u 8 _s1 he grew consci\s ( ! outcome--!y w\ld n be cont5t ) logoma*ies2 ! end might be dea?4 ,few ( u h any exp]i5ce to tell u at :at co/ to ! _s su* a discov]y is made4 ,! common p he read easily en\gh & recogniz$ _! levity4 ,& n[1 9 exile1 z ,mr ,burkitt has lately sugge/$1#ae he began to conc5trate himself ^u ! twelve4 ,x 0 n till ,pet]1 by a sudd5 fla% ( insight1 grasp$ 8 ,messiah%ip--a "*1 :i* ,jesus _h realiz$ already1 ?\gh we d n "k by :at process1 & _h = reasons ( 8 own conceal$1--x 0 n till !n t ,jesus disclos$ 8 belief t he w\ld be kill$ at la/4 ,f t mom5t we may date ! fall+ away ( ,judas1 & :at ?is man's con/ant pres5ce mu/ h meant to ,jesus1 ord9>y exp]i5ce may sugge/4 ,%rewd1 clev] & disappo9t$1 he mu/ h be5 a *ill ^u 8 ,ma/] at all h\rs4 ,8 influ5ce ^u ! re/ ( ! gr\p mu/ h be5 consci\sly & increas+ly antipa!tic4 ,night by night ,jesus c\ld read 9 ! faces :i* ( !m _h be5 ) ,judas dur+ ! day4 ,! s\r triumph ( ,judas :5 ! ,son ( man 0 told to g on to ano!r village aft] a day's j\rney1 & ! uncom=table air ( "o or m ( ! o!rs1 all ent]$ into ,jesus' exp]i5ce2 & night by night he _h to undo ,judas' "w4 ,he le>nt by :at he suff]$ f ! man's tone & look t !re w\ld be des]tion1 p]haps betrayal4 ,! daily suff]+ involv$ 9 try+ to recapture ! man1 9 go+ to seek ! lo/ %eep 9 ! wild]ness ( bitt]ness1 may be #abi imag9$4 ,side by side1 ,k+1 ,ph>isee & disciple are aga9/ him1 & ! t5sion1 height5$ by ! unc]ta9ty z to ! h[1 :5 & :]e ( ! issue mu/ h be5 great4 ,luke's graphic ^w says 8 face 0 set = ,j]usalem--x w\ld be1 he knew1 a focus = ! gr[+ =ces ( hatr$4 ,day by day ! /ra9 increas$4 ,f9ally ,jesus spoke4 ,! :]e & h[ ( ! betrayal he c\ld n det]m9e2 ! :5 he c\ld4 ,at ! supp]1 he look$ at ,judas & !n he spoke4#af ,:at ?\ doe/1 d quickly4 ,! man's face z he hurri$ out said ,yes to ! unspok5 "q--& = ! mom5t x br\ght relief4 ,?is is ! backgr\nd ( ! g>d5-sc5e4 ,:at ! agony meant spiritually1 we c h>dly div9e4 ,! physical co/ is atte/$ by ! memory ( 8 face :i* haunt$ ! disciples4 ,! pr(use sweat t goes ) acute m5tal /ra9 is a famili> ph5om5on1 & its traces 7 ^u him--visible 9 ! tor*light4 ,la/ ( all1 ^u ! cross1 ,nature reclaim$ h] due f him4 ,jesus _h drawn1 z m5 say1 ^u ! body1 & 9 su* cases ,nature repays h]self f ! _s4 ,! worn-out frame dragg$ ! _s ) x1 & he di$ ) ! cry--,my ,god1 my ,god1 :y ha/ ?\ =sak5 me8 ,turn+ back1 we f9d 9 ,luke#ag t ,jesus said to 8 disciples ,ye are !y t h cont9u$ ) me 9 my temptations4 ,dr ,john ,br[n#ah us$ to speak ( ,jesus hav+ a disposition = private fri5d%ips4 ,a m9d ) ! g5ius = fri5dl9ess is n only active b passive4 ,we con/antly f9d 9 hi/ory in/ances ( m5 ) su* a gift fail+ 9 great crises because ( x--!y yield to ! fri5dly ^w2 x means s mu* to !m4 ,?us :5 ,pet]1 a fri5d ( old /&+ & ( f> great] value s9ce 8 confession at ,philippi1 spoke & re9=c$ ! impressions made on ,jesus' m9d by 8 prevision ( failure & dea?1 ! temptation 0 ( a t]rible k9d4 ,! sudd5 rejo9d]1 9 :i* ,jesus id5tifies ! man he lov$ ) ,satan1 %[s :at _h happ5$4 ,b1 if fri5d%ip c>ri$ ) x temptation1 yet :5 physical exhau/ion br\ght spiritual exhau/ion 9 its tra91 ! love & t5d]ness #acj ( 8 fri5ds upheld him4 ,b1 m /ill1 _! belief 9 him & 9 8 ideas1 _! ne$ ( him1 drove ! tempt] away4 ,he c\ld n disappo9t !m4 ,! faces t s(t5$ to him1--all t came to 8 m9d z he ?\ght ( 8 fri5ds "n by "n--gave him hope & com=t1 ?\gh ! body might d its wor/4 ,x 0 p]haps 9 "p ?is exp]i5ce ( ! fri5d%ip ( simple & commonplace m5 t diff]5tiat$ ! tea*+ ( ,jesus f ! be/ ! _w _h yet _h4 ,no o!r tea*] dream$ t common m5 c\ld possess a t5? "p ( ! moral gr&eur & spiritual p[]1 :i* ,jesus elicit$ f !m--*iefly by believ+ 9 !m4 ,"h1 to any "o :o w /udy ! p]iod1 ! %e] orig9ality ( ,jesus is bewild]+4 ,?is belief 9 m5 ,jesus gave to 8 foll[]s & !y h nev] lo/ x4 ,sid5ote3 ,man's relations ) ,god ,x 0 9 ! new life & happ9ess 9 ,god t he 0 br++ to ! common p t ,jesus saw 8 firme/ cr$5tials4 ,he laid /ress inde$ ^u ! expulsion ( devils & ! cure ( disease--matt]s expla9$ to-day by sugge/ion4 ,b ! culm9ation 0 ! good news = ! poor4 ,gospel & ,evangelical h 9 "t become te*nical t]ms1 & h no long] ! pulse ( %e] happ9ess :i* ,jesus felt 9 !m1 & :i* ! e>ly *ur* likewise exp]i5c$4 ,be ( good *e]6 is ! famili> ,engli% r5d]+ ( "o ( ! words ( ,jesus1 (t5 on 8 lips--,c\rage6 he said4 ,"o text ( ,luke repres5ts him z say+ x ev5 on ! cross1 :5 he spoke to ! p5it5t ?ief4 ,summ+ up :at we h s f> rea*$1 we may rem>k ! broad contra/ betwe5 ! attitude ( ,jesus to human life & ! views ( ! _w ar\nd him4 ,a simple home ) an atmosph]e ( love & tru? & intellig5ce1 :]e life 0 n lo/ sight ( 9 its ref9em5ts1 :]e ord9>y ne$s & common duties 7 ! daily facts1 :]e ,god 0 a con/ant & fri5dly pres5ce--?is 0 8 e>ly environm5t4 ,lat] on x 0 ! c>p5t]'s b5*1 ! fi%]man's boat1 w9d on ! m\nta9 & /orm on ! lake1 leav5 9 ! meal & :eat 9 ! field4 ,ev]y:]e 8 life is root$ 9 ! normal & ! natural1 & ev]y:]e he f9ds ,god fill+ ! meane/ detail ( man's life ) glory & revelation4 ,philosoph]s 7 anxi\s to keep ,god cle> ( contact ) matt]2 ,m>cus ,aurelius f\nd decay 9 ! sub/ance #aca ( all ?+s--no?+ b wat]1 du/1 bones1 /5*4#ai ,jesus saw life 9 all ?+s--,god clo?+ ! grass & wat*+ ov] little birds4 ,to-day ! old anti!sis ( ,god & matt] is gone1 & x comes z a relief to f9d t ,jesus anticipat$ its disappe>ance4 ,! religi\s 9 8 day look$ = ,god 9 trance & ritual1 9 ! abnormal & unusual1 b = him1 z = e man :o has ev] help$ mank9d1 ! ord9>y & ! commonplace 7 en\gh4 ,! ,k+dom ( ,god is among y1 or ev5 )9 y--9 ! common p1 ( :om all ! o!r tea*]s despair$4 ,we come n[ to ! c5tral "q ( man's relation ) ,god1 nev] be=e s vital a matt] to s]i\s p 9 ! ,m$it]ranean _w4 ,jew & ,greek & ,egyptian 7 all full ( x1 & m5's talk ran mu* ^u x4 ,m5 7 anxi\s to be "r ) ,god1 & s\ght e>ne/ly 9 ! ways ( _! fa!rs = ! means ( communion ) ,god & ! atta9m5t ( "s k9d ( safety 9 _! position ) reg>d to him4 ,jew & ,greek alike talk$ ( heav5 & hell & ( ! ways to !m4 ,!y talk$ ( righte\sness & hol9ess--holy is "o ( ! great words ( ! p]iod--& !y s\ght ^! ?+s 9 ritual & ab/95ce4 ,mod]n ,jews res5t ! sugge/ion t ! ?\s& & "o regulations z to c]emonial purity1 & ! casui/ries1 z _m or m1 spun out ( ! law & ! traditions1 rank$ ) ! great comm&m5ts ( neighb\rly love & ! wor%ip ( ! ,"o ,god4 ,no d\bt !y are "r1 b x is noticeable t 9 practice ! common type ( m9d is m impress$ ) m9utiae ?an ) pr9ciples4 ,! ,s\!rn ,european to-day w d murd] on little provocation1 b to eat meat 9 ,l5t is s94 ,b1 )\t attribut+ su* conspicu\s s9s z !ft & adult]y & murd] to ! ,ph>isees1 x is cle> t 9 e/abli%+ _! own righte\sness !y laid excessive /ress on ! details ( ! law1 on ,sabba?-keep+ 7a con/ant topic ) ! ,*ri/ian apologi/s71 on ti!s1 & temple ritual1 on ! wa%+ ( pots & plates--/ill rigor\sly ma9ta9$ by ! mod]n ,jew--& all ?is 0 suppos$ to con/itute hol9ess4 ,jesus ) ! cle> incisive ^w ( g5ius dismiss$ x all z act+4 ,! ,ph>isee 0 ess5tially an actor--play+ to himself ! mo/ contemptible little com$ies ( hol9ess4 #acb ,li/51 cries ,jesus1 & he tells ! tale ( ! man fall5 among ?ieves & left = dead1 & h[ prie/ & ,levite pass$ by on ! o!r side1 fe>+ ! pollution ( a corpse1 & h[ !y left m]cy1 ,god's own "w--,i w h m]cy & n sacrifice 0 "o ( 8 quotations f ,hosea1--to be done by "o unclean & damn$--! ,sam>itan4 ,:it$ sepul*res6 he cries1 pretty to look at1 b full ( :at8 ( dea?1 corruption & f\lness4 ,h[ c y escape f ! judgm5t ( hell8 he ask$ !m1 & no "o records :at !y answ]$ or c\ld answ]4 ,sid5ote3 ,jesus ! lib]ator ,x is cle>1 h[ev]1 t1 outside ,pale/9e1 ! ,jews 9 ! great _w 7 mov+ to a m purely moral conception ( religion--_! environm5t made m]e ,ph>isaism impossible1 & ,greek criticism compell$ !m to ?9k m or less 9 ! t]ms ( ! fundam5tal4 ,! debt ( ! ,jew to ! ,g5tile is n v g5]\sly ackn[l$g$4 ,none ! less1 ! di/9ctive badge ( all 8 tribe 0 & rema9$ :at ! ,greeks call$ fuss9ess 7to psophodees74#bj ,! ,sabba?1 circumcision1 ! blood & butt] taboos rema9$--z !y /ill rema9 9 ! mo/ lib]al ( ,lib]al ,judaisms--tribe m>ks ) no religi\s value1 b ma9ta9$ by patriotism4 ,& side by side ) ?is liv$ & lives t hatr$ ( ! ,g5tile1 :i* is attribut$ to ,*ri/ian p]secution1 b :i* ,juv5al saw & not$ be=e ! ,*ri/ian _h ceas$ to be p]secut$ by ! ,jew4 ,! extravagant nons5se f\nd 9 ,jewi% speculation z to h[ _m ,g5tile s\ls 7 equival5t 9 ,god's sight to t ( "o ,jew is symptomatic4 ,to ?is day x is confess$ly ! weakness ( ,judaism t x (f]s no impulse & kn[s no en?usiasm = self-sacrific+ love :]e ! int]e/s ( ! tribe are n conc]n$4#ba ,! great "w ( ,jesus 9 ?is matt] 0 ! f9al & decisive cleavage ) antiquity4 ,greek rationalism _h long s9ce laugh$ at ! pu]ilities ( ! ,greek cults2 b rationalism & laught] are' unequally mat*$ aga9/ ,religion1 & x triumph$ ov] !m1 &1 z we see 9 ,plut>* #acc & ! ,neo-,platoni/s1 x impos$ its pu]ilities--yes1 & its obsc5ities--^u ,philosophy & made h] 9 sob] tru? procuress to ! lords ( hell4 ,x 0 a new ?+ :5 ,religion1 9 ! "n ( tru? & = ! love ( ,god1 aboli%$ ! connexion ) a trivial pa/4 ,jesus cut away at once e ve/ige ( ! primitive & e savage survival--all natural gr[?s p]haps1 & helpful too to primitive man & to ! savage1 b confus+ to m5 on a high] plane1--ei!r m]e play-act+ or ! damnation ( hell4 ,pagan cults he summ$ up z mu* speak+4 ,once = all he set ,religion free f all taboos & rituals4 ,paul1 once1 on ! spur ( ! mom5t1 call$ ,jesus ! ,yes ( all ! promises ( ,god--a mo/ sugge/ive "n = ! v9dicator & expon5t ( ,god's realities4 ,x is su* a man z ?is :o lib]ates mank9d1 cutt+ u cle> ( make-believes & negations & taboos1 & liv+ 9 ! op5-air1 :e!r x is cl\d or sun4 ,t ,jesus %ock$ 8 contempor>ies ) ! abrupt nak$ness ( 8 religi\s ideas is n surpris+4 ,! *ur* made dec5t ha/e to cov] a good _m ( !m up1 b n v successfully4 ,a m9d l t ( ,jesus propagates itself1 & reappe>s ) />tl+ vitality1 z hi/ory 9 _m a /range page c reveal4 ,we mu/ n[ consid] :at 0 ! ?\ght ( ,jesus ^u ,god & h[ he conceiv$ ( ! relation betwe5 ,god & man4 ,he approa*$ ! matt] orig9ally f ! /&po9t ( ,judaism1 & no attempt to prove ! influ5ce ( ,greek philosophy is likely to succe$4 ,! result ( ,greek speculation ^u ,god--:]e x did n end 9 pure pan!ism--0 t ( ,god no?+ :atev] c\ld be pr$icat$--n ev5 be+1 b t he 0 to be express$ by ! negation ( e idea t c\ld be =m$ ( him4 ,to ?is m5 _h be5 l$ by _! preconception ( absolute be+1 & s /rong 0 ! influ5ce ( contempor>y philosophy t ,*ri/ian ?9k]s adopt$ ! same conclusion1 manag+ :at clumsy comb9ations !y c\ld ( x & ( ! doctr9e ( inc>nation4 ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria is a m>k$ example ( ?is me?od4 ,to ! philosophic m9d ,god rema9s a difficult problem1 b to ! religi\s temp] ?+s are v diff]5t4 ,to x ,god is ! "o great reality nev] v f> away1 & is conceiv$ n z an ab/raction1 nor z a =ce1 b z a p]sonality4 #acd ,x has be5 & is ! /r5g? & r$emption ( ,judaism1 t ,god is ! ,god ( ,israel--,oh ,god1 ?\ art my ,god6 ,h[ intuition is to be reconcil$ ) philosophy has be5 ! problem ( ,*ri/ian ?9k]s 9 e age1 b x may be rem>k$ t ! v>y+ t]m is philosophy4 ,to ! intuition ( ,jesus ,*ri/ians h held fa/--?\gh ,greeks & o!rs h call$ x folly2 & 9 ! meantime a good _m philosophies h _h _! day4 ,! c5tral ?\ght ( ,jesus is ! ,fa!rhood ( ,god4 ,= ?is1 z = mu* else1 p>allels h be5 f\nd 9 ! words ( ,hebrew ?9k]s1 anci5t & contempor>y1 & we may readily conc$e t x 0 n orig9al ) ,jesus to call ,god ,fa!r4 ,! "n 0 giv5 to ,god by ! prophets1 b x 0 also giv5 to him by ! ,/oics--& by ,hom]2 s t to speak ( ,god's ,fa!rhood might mean any?+ betwe5 ! two extremes ( ev]y?+ & no?+4 ,*ri/ian !ology1 = in/ance1 />t+ ) ! idea ( ! ,fa!rhood ( ,god1 has n hesitat$ to speak 9 ! same brea? ( 8 v9dicat+ 8 maje/y--a phrase :i* !re is no record or sugge/ion t ,jesus ev] us$4 ,!re may be fa!rs :o v9dicate _! maje/y1 z !re are _m o!r k9ds1 b until we realize ! connotation ( ! ^w = m5 :o speak ( ,god z ,fa!r1 x is idle to speak ( x be+ a ?\ght common to !m4 ,! "n may be 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t & 9 ,hom]1 b ! mean+ :i* ,jesus gave to x is 8 own4 ,jesus nev] uses ! "n ,fa!r )\t an air ( gladness4 ,m5 are anxi\s z to :at !y %all eat1 & :at !y %all dr9k1 & :]e)al !y %all be clo!d--y\r heav5ly ,fa!r kn[e? t ye h ne$ ( all ^! ?+s4 ,*ildr5 ask fa!r & "m = bread--w !y receive a /one8 ,! wom5 _h hid ! leav5 9 ! ?ree measures ( meal long be=e ! *ildr5 began to feel hungry4 ,& z to clo!s--,god has clo!d ! fl[] f> bett] ?an ,solomon ev] clo!d himself1 & %all he n mu* m clo! y1 ,o ye ( little fai?8 ,! picture is "o ( ! /rong & t5d] p>5t1 smil+ at ! *ild's anxiety ) no notion ( 8 own maje/y or ( any?+ b love4 ,s incr$ibly simple is ! relation betwe5 ,god & man--simple1 uncon/ra9$1 he$less & t5d] z ! talk r\nd a table 9 ,naz>e?4 ,jesus is great] ?an ! m5 :o h elaborat$ #ace 8 ideas1 & maje/y is ! foible ( little m9ds4 ,! great man1 if he ?9ks ( 8 dignity1 lets x take c>e ( itself2 he is m int]e/$ 9 love & tru?1 & he =gets to ?9k ( :at is due to himself4 ,ari/otle said t 8 magnific5t man w\ld nev] run2 b1 says ,jesus1 :5 ! prodigal son 0 yet a great way (f1 8 fa!r saw him1 & ran1 & fell on 8 neck1 & kiss$ him4 ,?is contra/ measures ! di/ance betwe5 ! ?\ght ( ,jesus & "s ,*ri/ian !ologies4 ,x is wor? not+ t 9 ! two p>ables1 9 :i* a fa!r directly addresses 8 son1 x is ) ! t5d] ^w teknon1 :i* is m l a pet "n4 ,x adds to ! mean+ ( ! p>able ( ! prodigal1 :5 ! fa!r calls ! eld] bro!r by ! little "n t has come d[n f *ildhood4 ,x 0 a ^w :i* ,jesus himself us$ 9 speak+ to 8 fri5ds4#bb ,! heav5ly ,fa!r does n cease to be a fa!r because 8 *ildr5 are ungraci\s & bad4 ,he s5ds ra9 & sun--& all !y mean--to evil & to good4 ,! :ole ,new ,te/am5t is tun$ to ! ?\ght ( ,jesus--! philan?ropy ( ,god our savi\r4#bc ,plato _h long be=e def9$ ! object ( human life z becom+ l to ,god4 ,jesus f9ds ! means to ?is lik5ess to ,god 9 ! simple/ ( e day's opportunities4 ,love y\r enemies & d good1 & ye %all be sons ( ! ,highe/1 = he is good & pitiful4 ,bless$ are ! peace-mak]s1 he said1 = !y %all be call$ *ildr5 ( ,god4 ,?is is sometimes limit$ to ! reconciliation ( qu>rels1 b ! wor/ ( qu>rels is ! rift 9 a man's own s\l1 ! division ( 8 spiritual sub/ance aga9/ itself :i* is ! ess5ce ( all trag$y4 ,!re are "s ^: lea/ ^w1 or ^: mom5t>y pres5ce1 c someh[ make peace :]ev] !y g1 & leave m5 /rong] = ! re/ !y h f\nd 9 ano!r's s\l4 ,?is1 accord+ to ,jesus1 is ! family lik5ess by :i* ,god's *ildr5 are recogniz$ 9 all sorts ( company4 ,to h ! faculty ( communicat+ peace ( m9d--& x is m (t5 ?an n done unconsci\sly1 z mo/ great ?+s are--is no light or accid5tal gift4 ,jesus lays a good deal m /ress ^u unconsci\s in/9ct ?an mo/ morali/s d4 ,once only he is report$ to h spok5 ( ! ,la/ ,judgm5t1 :i* 0 a fav\rite !me #acf ) ! es*atologi/s ( 8 p]iod1 ,jewi%1 pagan1 & ,*ri/ian4 ,he borr[$ ! :ole framework ( ! sc5e1 b he *ang$1 & d\bly *ang$1 ! significance ( x4 ,= he disc>d$ ! national or political crit]ion :i* ! ,jew pref]r$1 & he did n h rec\rse to ! r individuali/ic moral te/ :i* ,greek ?9k]s propos$1 9 imitation ( ,plato2 /ill less did x occur to him to sugge/ a ,cr$o4 ,) him ! ultimate /&>d 0 "o ( %e] k9dness & good-he>t$ness--inasmu* z ye did x to "o ( ! lea/ ( ^! my bre?r54 ,b x is /ill m int]e/+ to note h[ ?is /&>d is appli$4 ,e "o at ! ,la/ ,judgm5t accepts x1 j z e "o accepts ! propositions ( morali/s 9 g5]al4 ,b ! real cleavage betwe5 ! classes ( m5 does n dep5d on morality1 z ! *illy sugge/ion ( ! m]e ^w rem9ds u4 ,m5 judge o!r m5 n by _! morality1 pr(ess$ or practis$1 s mu* z by _! unconsci\s selves--by in/9ct1 impulse & s =?1 ! ?+s t really give a clue to ! inn]mo/ man4 ,! mo/ noticeable po9t !n 9 ,jesus' picture ( ! ,la/ ,judgm5t is t1 :5 %eep & goats are sep>at$1 nei!r p>ty at once und]/&s ! reasons ( ! decision4 ,^! are consci\s ( duties done2 ! o!rs h no v cle> idea ab\t x4 ,else:]e ,jesus sugge/s t1 :5 m5 h done all requir$ ( !m1 !y may /ill h ! feel+ t !y are unpr(itable s]vants2 & x is precisely ! peace-mak]s & ! pure 9 he>t :o d n realize h[ ne> !y come to ,god4 ,! prie/ & ! ,levite 9 ! p>able 7 consci\s ( _! purity1 b ,jesus gives no h9t t !y saw ,god4 ,! ,sam>itan liv$ 9 ano!r atmosph]e1 b x 0 natural to him & he brea!d x unconsci\sly4 ,! cultivation ( lik5ess to ,god by ,greek philosoph]s & _! pupils 0 v diff]5t4 ,plut>* has left a tract1 k9dly & s5sible1 on ,h[ a man may recognize 8 own progress 9 virtue1 b !re is no native ,*ri/ian product ( ! k9d4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,k+dom ( ,god ,f :at ,jesus directly says ( ,god1 & f :at he says ( ,god's *ildr51 we may conclude t he classes ,god ) ! /rong & sunny natures2 ) ! p ( bright eyes :o see ?r\gh ?+s & into ?+s1 :o h ! feel+ = reality1 & love e aspect ( ! real4 ,god has t s5se :i* is peculi> to ! creative m9d--! ke5 joy #acg 9 beauty1 t loves /> & bird & *ild4 ,god has ! fa!r's in/9ct1 a full und]/&+ ( human nature1 & a he>t op5 = ! prodigal son1 ! publican & ! woman ) sev5 devils4 ,9 8 w is our peace1 wrote ! great ,*ri/ian poet ( ! middle ages4 ,do+ ! w we f9d re/1 said a humble & =gott5 ,*ri/ian ( ! second c5tury4#bd ,!y bo? le>nt ! ?\ght f ,jesus1 :o set x 9 ! pray] beg9n+ ) ,abba :i* he taught 8 disciples1 & :o pray$ x himself 9 ! g>d5 ) ! same ,abba 9 8 he>t4 ,9 ! ,"l's pray]1 said ,t]tullian1 !re is an epitome ( ! :ole ,gospel4#be ,at ?is po9t two que/ions rise1 :i* are ( "s hi/orical importance1 & be> ^u ,jesus' view ( ,god4 ,x is cle>1 fir/ ( all1 t ! expression ! ,k+dom ( ,god 0 mu* ^u ! lips ( ,jesus1 at lea/ 9 ! e>li] "p ( 8 m9i/ry4 ,x 0 n ( 8 own co9+1 & s*ol>s h diff]$ z to :at he really meant4 ,su* controv]sy always rises ab\t ! t]ms 9 :i* a great m9d expresses itself4 ,! great ?9k]1 ev5 ! /atesman1 has to use ! be/ language he c f9d to convey 8 ideas1 & if ! ideas are new1 ! difficulty ( expression is sometimes v great4 ,! words imply "o ?+ to ! li/5]1 & ano!r to ! speak] :o is really try+ 7z ,diog5es put x7 to re-m9t ! curr5cy1 & h[ f> he succe$s dep5ds mo/ly ^u 8 p]sonality4 ,to-day ! ,k+dom1 or m accurately ! ,k+%ip ( ,god1 is 9 "s qu>t]s int]pret$ r vigor\sly 9 ! s5se :i* ! ord9>y ,jew gave to ! phrase 9 ! age ( ,jesus2 b x is m ?an usually uns\nd criticism to take ! words ( su* a man z mean+ m]ely :at !y w\ld 9 ! common talk ( unreflective p]sons1 :o use words z c\nt]s & no?+ else4 ,!re 0 a vulg> int]pretation ( ! ,k+%ip ( ,god1 & !re 0 a high] "o1 curr5t among ! bett] spirits2 & x is only reasonable to int]pret ?is phrase1 or any o!r1 9 ! light ( ! total m9d ( ! man :o uses x4 ,x is cle> !n t1 :5 ,jesus us$ ! ,k+%ip ( ,god1 he mu/ h subord9at$ x to 8 g5]al idea ( ,god2 & :at #ach t 01 we h se54 ,to-day ! phrase is return+ into religi\s spee* to signify ! p]meation ( society by ! m9d ( ,*ri/1 :i* _c be f> f :at x meant to ! e>lie/ disciples4 ,x is significant t ! au?or ( ! f\r? gospel virtually dropp$ ! phrase altoge!r1 t ,paul pref]r$ o!r expressions z a rule1 & t x 0 m]g$ & lo/ 9 ! idea ( ! *ur*4 ,closely b\nd up ) ! ,k+dom ( ,god is ! "n ,messiah1 ) a simil>ly wide range ( mean+s4 ,! "q has also be5 rais$ z to h[ f> ,jesus id5tifi$ himself ) ! ,messiah4 ,x might be m p]t95t to ask ) :i* ,messiah4 ,on ! :ole1 ! importance ( ! matt] c be gaug$ by ! fate ( ! ^w4 ,x 0 translat$ into ,greek1 & v soon ,*ri/os1 or ,*re/os1 0 a prop] "n & h>dly a title at all except 9 apologetics1 :]e alone ! conception reta9$ "s importance4 ,! ,div9e ,son & ! ,div9e ,logos--t]ms :i* ,jesus did n use--sup]s$$ ! old ,hebrew title1 at any rate 9 ! ,g5tile _w1 & ?is c\ld h>dly h occurr$ if ! idea _h be5 ( fundam5tal mom5t 9 ,jesus' m9d & spee*4 ,if he us$ ! "n1 z seems probable1 x too mu/ h be5 subord9at$ to 8 ma/]-?\ght ( ,god's fa!rhood4 ,x w\ld !n imply at mo/ a close relation to ! purposes ( ,god1 & a mission to m51 ! /ew>d%ip ( ?\ghts t w\ld put mank9d on a new foot+ ) ,god4 ,! idea ( 8 be+ a m$iator 9 ! ,paul9e s5se is =eign to ! gospels1 & ! lat] conception ( a pur*ase ( mank9d f ! devil1 or f ! ju/ice ( ,god1 by ! blood ( a victim is /ill m ali5 to ,jesus' m9d4 ,sid5ote3 ,! cross ,^! are "s ( ! features ( ! f\nd] ( ! new religion z reveal$ 9 ! ,gospels--features t p]man5tly compel att5tion1 b aft] all x 0 n ! consid]ation ( ^! t conqu]$ ! _w4 ,( f> m acc\nt 9 w9n+ ! _w 0 ! dea? ( ?is man ^u ! cross4 ,x 0 ! cross t gave c]ta9ty to all t ,jesus _h taught ab\t ,god4 ,! *ur* /urdily & indignantly repudiat$ any sugge/ion1 h[ev] philosophic1 t 9 any way seem$ likely to less5 ! significance ( ! cross4 ,t he %\ld ta/e ! ultimate bitt]ness ( dea? undisguis$1 t he %\ld refuse ! palliative w9e & myrrh 7an action symbolic ( 8 #aci :ole attitude to ev]y?+ & to dea? itself71 t ) op5 eyes he %\ld set 8 face = ,j]usalem1 & ) all ! s5sitiv5ess ( a "*1 s susceptive ( impression & s ri* 9 imag9ation1 he %\ld expose himself to our exp]i5ce--to ! =eta/e ( dea?1 to ! horror ( ! unkn[n1 & to ! supreme fe>--! dread ( ! ext9ction ( p]sonality2 & t he %\ld actually und]go all he =esaw1 z ! la/ cry ^u ! cross te/ifi$--all ?is let ! _w into ! real mean+ ( 8 c5tral ?\ght ^u ,god4 ,x 0 ! pl$ge ( 8 tru?1 & ?us made possible our reconciliation ) ,god4 ,if we may take an illu/ration f ,engli% lit]ature1 ,%akespe>e's ,julius ,caes> may sugge/ some?+ "h4 ,x has be5 notic$ h[ small a "p ,caes> plays 9 ! drama--h[ little he speaks2 :at weakness he %[s--epilepsy1 deafness1 arrogance1 vacillation2 & h[ soon he disappe>s4 ,w\ld n ! play h be5 bett] nam$ ,brutus8 ,yet ,%akespe>e knew :at he 0 do+2 = ! :ole play is ,julius ,caes>1 f ! outbreak ( ,cassius at ! beg9n+-- ,:y6 man he do? be/ride ! n>r[ _w ,l a colossus1 to ! bitt] cry ( ,brutus at ! end-- ,o ,julius ,caes>1 ?\ art mighty yet6 ,caes> det]m9es ev]y?+ 9 ! /ory4 ,e "* 9 x is a mirror 9 :i* we see "s figure ( him1 & ! life ( e man !re is made or unmade by 8 m9d t[>d ,caes>4 ,caes> is ! "o great det]m9+ factor 9 ! /ory2 liv+ & dead1 he is ! c5tre & explanation ( x all4 ,:at 0 writt5 9 ! ,gospels ( ! life & dea? ( ,jesus1 might by n[ be anci5t hi/ory1 if ! ,gospels _h told ! :ole /ory4 ,b !y did n tell ! :ole /ory2 & !y nei!r 71 nor are1 ! s\rce ( ! ,*ri/ian movem5t1 great z _! influ5ce is & has be54 ,! ,jesus :o has impress$ himself ^u mank9d is n a "*1 h[ev] /rong & beautiful1 t is to be read ab\t 9 a book4 ,be=e ! ,gospels 7 writt51 m5 spoke ( ! ,_s ( ,jesus z an active =ce among/ !m4 ,we may criticize _! phrase & _! psy*ology z we l1 b !y 7 speak+ ( some?+ !y knew1 some?+ !y _h se5 #adj & felt1 & x is t some?+ :i* *ang$ ! c\rse ( hi/ory4 ,jesus lives = u 9 ! pages ( ! ,gospels1 b we are n 8 foll[]s on t acc\nt1 nor 7 ! ,*ri/ians ( ! fir/ c5tury4 ,!y1 l ourselves1 foll[$ him "u ! irresi/ible attraction ( 8 "* repeat+ itself 9 ! lives ( m5 & wom5 :om !y knew4 ,! ,son ( ,god1 !y said1 reveal$ himself 9 m51 & x 0 true4 ,( 8 imm$iate foll[]s we "k almo/ no?+1 b x 0 !y :o pass$ him on to ! next g5]ation1 consci\sly 9 _! prea*+1 :i* 0 n always v good2 & unconsci\sly 9 _! lives1 :i* he _h trans=m$1 & :i* _h ga9$ f him some?+ ( ! p[] ( 8 own life4 ,! *ur* 0 a nexus ( quick5$ & r$eem$ p]sonalities1--m5 & wom5 9 :om ,*ri/ liv$4 ,s ,paul wrote ( x4 ,a c5tury lat] ano!r nameless ,*ri/ian spoke ( ,*ri/ be+ new born e day ov] aga9 9 ! he>ts ( believ]s1 & x w\ld be h>d to correct ! /atem5t4 ,if we are to give a true acc\nt ( su* m5 z ,alex&] & ,caes>1 we consid] !m 9 ! light ( ! c5turies ?r\gh :i* _! ideas liv$ & work$4 ,9 ! same way1 ! life1 ! m9d & ! p]sonality ( ,jesus w n be und]/ood till we h realiz$ by "s intimate exp]i5ce some?+ ( ! wor? & beauty ( ! c\ntless s\ls t 9 e c5tury h f\nd & /ill f9d 9 him ! ,alpha & ,omega ( _! be+4 ,= ! ,gospels are n f\r b t5 ?\s& times t5 ?\s&1 & ?\s&s ( ?\s&s1 & ! la/ ^w ( e "o ( !m is ,lo1 ,i am ) y alway1 ev5 unto ! end ( ! _w4 ,*apt] ,,iv ,footnotes3 #a ,ju/91 ,apology1 i1 #ff4 #b ,quot$ by ,orig51 contra ,celsum1 ii1 #bf1 #bg4 #c ,cf4 ,mr ,f4 ,c4 ,conybe>e's article on ! remodell+ ( ! baptismal =mula 9 ,mat!w xxviii aft] ! ,c\ncil ( ,nicaea1 ,hibb]t ,j\rnal1 ,oct4 #aijb4 #d ,orig51 c4 ,cels4 vii1 #eh1 agroikot]on4 #e ,x54 ,mem1 i1 #b1 #cg4 ,cf4 ,plato1 ,symp4 #bba ,e4 ,gorgias1 #dia ,a4 ,see ,=bes1 ,socrates1 #abh2 ,adam1 ,religi\s ,tea*]s ( ,greece1 i1 #cch4 #f ,plato1 ,philebus1 #ej ,b4 #g ,on playfulness 9 ! words ( ,jesus1 see ,burkitt1 ! ,gospel ,hi/ory1 p4 #adb4 ,see also ,life ( ,abp ,temple1 ii4 #fha 7lett] to 8 son #ah ,dec4 #ahif71 on ! beam 9 ! eye & ! eye ( ! ne$le--t fa9t t\* ( fun :i* all ,ori5tal tea*]s delight 94 #h ,luke iv1 #bb1 e?aumazon epi tois logois tes *>itos4 #i ,george ,adam ,smi?1 ,hi/orical ,geography ( ! ,holy ,l&1 ad loc4 #aj ,mat!w xiii1 #ef says pasai1 & ,m>k uses a plural4 #aa ,luke xi1 #e4 #ab ,m>k ix1 #cf1 enagkalisam5os4 #ac ,gospel ,hi/ory1 p4 #bhe4 #ad ,i believe t ! allusion to dogs has be5 ?r[n back into ,jesus' words f ! woman's reply1 & t %e 0 ! fir/ to m5tion !m4 ,note ,m>k's emphatic phrase dia t\ton ton logon2 vii1 #bi4 #ae ,gospel ,hi/ory1 p4 #ic f4 7) map74 #af ,! /eady gaze & ! pause are m5tion$ by ! ,gospels1 9 m ?an "o place1 z prec$+ utt]ance4 ,!re are ( c\rse great v>iations 9 ! acc\nts ( ! la/ supp]4 #ag xxii1 #bh4 #ah ,! au?or ( ,rab & 8 ,fri5ds4 #ai ix1 #cf4 #bj ,cf4 ad ,diognetum1 cit$ on p4 #agg4 #ba ,i quote ?is f a fri5d to :om a ,jew said z mu*2 ( c\rse e g5]al /atem5t requires modification4 ,/ill ! pr$om9antly tribal "* ( ,judaism implies contempt = ! spiritual life ( ! ,g5tile ,*ri/ian & pagan4 ,if ! k ( ,god 0 or is ( value to ! ,jew1 he has made little ef=t to %>e x4 #bb e4g4 ,m>k x1 #bd4 #bc ,titus iii1 #d4 #bd ,second ,clem5t 7s-call$71 #f1 #g4 #be ,t]t4 de ,or4 #a 7end74 ,cf4 also c4 #d1 on ! pray] 9 ! ,g>d52 & de fuga1 #h4 #ada ,,*apt] ,v ,,! ,,foll[]s ,,( ,,jesus ,two ?+s /& out1 :5 we /udy ! "* ( ! e>ly *ur*--its great complexity & v>iety1 & its unity 9 ! p]sonality ( ,jesus ( ,naz>e?4 ,9 spite ( ! g5]al levell+ :i* ,greek culture & ,roman gov]nm5t _h made all ov] ! ,m$it]ranean _w1 ! age-long influ5ces ( race & climate & cult 7 /ill at "w4 ,ev]y:]e !re 0 a v>ni% ( ,greek lit]ature2 ev]y:]e a t5d5cy to uni=mity 9 gov]nm5t1 v c>efully manag$ ) great t5d]ness = local susceptibilities1 b none ! less a fix$ object ( ! ,emp]ors2 ev]y:]e cult 0 bl5d$ ) cult ) ! lavi% hospitality ( poly!ism2 & yet1 ap>t f d5ationaliz$ m5 ( lett]s1 arti/s & dilettanti1 ! old types rema9$ & reproduc$ !mselves4 ,& :5 m5 look$ at ! ,*ri/ian community1 x 0 z v>i\s z ! ,empire--,?\ wa/ sla91 runs ! hymn 9 ! ,apocalypse1 & ?\ ha/ r$eem$ u to ,god by ?y blood out ( e k9dr$ & tongue & p & nation4 ,!re soon appe>$ t desire = uni=mity :i* animat$ ! secul> gov]nm5t1 & :i* appe>s to be an in]adicable in/9ct ( ! human m9d4 ,yet = ! fir/ two c5turies--! p]iod "u our discussion--! movem5t t[>d uni=mity _h n gr[n /rong en\gh to ov]come ! race-m>ks & ! place-m>ks4 ,!re are great areas ov] :i* 9 ,*ri/ian life & ?\ght ! same g5]al *>act]i/ics are to be se51 :i* 7 manife/$ 9 o!r ways be=e ! ,*ri/ian era4 ,!re is ! great ,we/ ( ,italy1 ,gaul & ,africa1 ,lat9 9 outlook1 b ) /rong local v>iations4 ,!re is ! region ( ,asia ,m9or & ,greece1--:]e ! *ur* is ,hell5i/ic 9 e s5se ( ! ^w1 v ,greek ^u ! surface & less ,greek und]nea?1 aga9 ) m>k$ contra/s due to geography & race-di/ribution4 ,aga9 !re is ! ,*ri/ian ,s\?--,alex&ria1 ) its ,*ri/ian community1 ,greek & #adb ,jewi%1 & a little kn[n h9t]l&1 :]e ,*ri/ian ?\ght spread1 we d n "k h[4 ,!re 0 ,pale/9e ) a gr\p ( ,jewi% ,*ri/ians1 v cle>ly diff]5tiat$4 ,& ,ea/w>d !re rose a ,syrian ,*ri/5dom1 :i* z late z ! f\r? c5tury kept a "* ( its own4#a ,into all ^! great divisions ( ! _w came m5 eag] to tell good news--g5]ally q commonplace & unimportant p ) a treasure 9 e>!n vessels4 ,_! message !y put 9 v>i\s ways1 ) ! aphasia ( ill-educat$ m51 :o h some?+ to tell t is f> too big = any words at _! comm&4 ,x 0 made out at la/ t !y meant a new relation to ,god 9 virtue ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,f a philosophic po9t ( view !y talk$ fooli%ness1 & !y laps$ n[ & !n1 "u ! pressure ( :at 0 )9 !m1 into in>ticulate & un9telligible talk1 f :i* !y might em]ge into utt]ance q beyond _! ord9>y range4 ,su* symptoms 7 famili> en\gh1 b ^! p 7 n l ! usual expon5ts ( !olepsy & en?usiasm4 ,!y 7 a/oni%+ly upright1 pure & hone/2 !y 7 s]i\s2 & !y _h 9 !mselves inexplicable res]ves ( moral =ce & a happ9ess f> beyond any?+ t ! _w knew4 ,!y 7 m5 transfigur$1 z !y own$4 ,"s w\ld confess to wa/$ & evil lives1 b some?+ _h happ5$1#b :i* !y connect$ ) ,jesus or a holy _s1 b ev]y?+ 9 ! long run turn$ ^u ,jesus4 ,cle>] heads came ab\t !m1 & !n1 z !y put x1 ! holy _s fell ^u !m also4 ,^! m5 ( education & ideas 7 conv]t$1 & began at once to analyse _! exp]i5ce1 us+ naturally ! language ) :i* !y 7 famili>4 ,x 0 ^! m5 :o gave ! tone to ! gr\ps ( believ]s 9 _! v>i\s regions1 & t tone v>i$ ) ! col\r ( ?\ght 9 :i* ! m reflective conv]ts _h gr[n up4 ,a great deal1 ( c\rse1 0 common to all regions ( ! _w1--! new /ory & ! new exp]i5ce1 an unphilosophiz$ gr\p ( facts1 :i* n[1 "u ! /imulus ( man's unconqu]able habit ( speculation1 began to be int]pret$ #adc & to be relat$ 9 all sorts ( ways to ! g5]al exp]i5ce ( m54 ,no wond] !re 0 div]sity4 ,x took c5turies to a*ieve a uni=m acc\nt ( ! ,*ri/ian fai?4 ,! unity ( ! e>ly *ur* lay 9 ! reconciliation ) ,god1 9 ! holy _s1 & ,jesus ,*ri/1--a unity soon felt & treasur$4 ,!re is "o body & "o _s1 ev5 z ye are call$ 9 "o hope ( y\r call+2 "o ,"l1 "o fai?1 "o baptism1 "o ,god & ,fa!r ( all1 :o is above all & ?r\gh all & 9 y all4#c ,! :ole body ( ,*ri/ians 0 consci\s ( its unity1 ( its di/9ctness & its sep>ation4 ,x 0 a peculi> p#d--;,god's own2 a ?ird race1 z ! hea!n said4#e ,sid5ote3 ,! recruits ,to g fur!r into detail we may consid] ! recruits & _! exp]i5ce1 _! explanations ( ?is exp]i5ce1 & ! new life 9 ! _w4 ,! recruits came1 z ! ,*ri/ians v soon saw1 f e race ( mank9d1 & !y br\ght ) !m mu* t 0 ( value 9 national preconceptions & *>act]i/ics4 ,! pres5ce ( ,jew1 ,greek1 ,roman1 ,syrian & ,phrygian1 made x impossible = ! *ur* to be any?+ b univ]sal2 & if at times h] me?ods ( reconcil+ some:at incompatible contributions 7 unsci5tific1 /ill 9 practice %e a*iev$ ! task & ga9$ accord+ly4 ,:]e ! ,empire fail$ 9 impos+ unity by decree1 ! *ur* produc$ x in/9ctively4 ,x 0 on ,jewi% gr\nd t ,*ri/ianity began1 & x 0 f its native soil & air t x drew1 transmut+ z x drew !m1 its passionate fai? 9 ,"o ,god1 its high moral /&>d & its l(ty hopes ( a ,messianic age to come4 ,= no o!r race ( ! ,m$it]ranean _w 0 ! moral law bas$ on ! categoric imp]ative4 ,n[h]e else 0 t law writt5 9 ! inw>d p>ts1 9 ! v he>ts ( ! p1#f & n[h]e 0 x obs]v$ s loyally4 ,! absurdity & scrupulosity :i* ! ,greek ridicul$ 9 ! ,jew1 7 ! outcome ( 8 devotion to ! law ( ! ,"l2 &1 :5 once ! law 0 re9t]pret$ & tak5 to a high] plane by ,jesus1 ! #add old passion turn$ naturally to ! new morality4 ,x 0 ! ,jew :o br\ght to ! common ,*ri/ian /ock ! conception ( ,s91 & ! significance ( ?is is imm5se 9 ! hi/ory ( ! religion4 ,x diff]5tiat$ ,*ri/ianity f all ! religi\s & philosophical sy/ems ( ! anci5t _w4 ',tis ! fai? t laun*$ po9t-blank h] d>t ,at ! head ( a lie--taught ,orig9al ,s91 ,! ,corruption ( ,man's ,he>t4 ,s5eca & ! ,/oics play$ ) ! fancy ( man's be+ equal1 or 9 "s po9ts sup]ior1 to ,god--a folly impossible = a ,jewi% m9d4 ,x 0 ! ,jews :o gave ! _w ! oracles ( ,god 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t1 :o inve/$ ,*ri/ianity = ! mom5t ) ! dignity ( an anci5t hi/ory & end[$ x = all "t ) a unique inh]itance ( religi\s exp]i5ce4 ,nor is x only ! ,old ,te/am5t t ! *ur* owes to ! ,jew2 = ! ,gospels are also 8 gift--an*ors 9 ! actual t h sav$ ,*ri/ianity f all k9ds ( intellectual1 spiritual & ecclesia/ical p]ils4 ,&1 fur!r1 at ! difficult mom5t ( transition1 :5 ,*ri/ian ideas pass$ f ! ,jewi% to ! ,g5tile _w1 !re 7 ,jews ( ! ,hell5i/ic type ready to m$iate ! *ange4 ,!y ( all m5 /ood mo/ cle>ly at ! univ]sal po9t ( view2 !y knew ! gr&eur & ! weakness ( ! law2 !y und]/ood at once ! ,jewi% & ! ,greek m9d4 ,x is h>d to exagg]ate :at ,*ri/ianity owes to m5 ( ?is s*ool--to ,paul & to ,john1 & to a ho/ ( o!rs1 ,*ri/ian ,jews ( ! ,disp]sion1 /ud5ts ( ,philo1 & foll[]s ( ,jesus4 ,on ,jewi% soil ! new fai? di$2 x 0 transplantation alone t made ,*ri/ianity possible2 = x 0 ! true outcome ( ! tea*+ ( ,jesus1 t ! new fai? %\ld be univ]sal4 ,! *ief contribution ( ! ,greek 0 8 dem& = ?is v ?+--t ,*ri/ianity mu/ be univ]sal4 ,he made no secret ( 8 contempt = ,judaism1 & he 0 emphatic 9 insi/+ on a l>g] outlook ?an ! ,jewi%4 ,no man c\ld seem m naturally unlikely to welcome ! ?\ghts ( ,jesus ?an ! little ,greek 7,graaeculus7 ( ! ,roman _w2 yet he 0 won2 & !n by mak+ x impossible = ,*ri/ianity to rema9 an amalgam ( ! ideas ( ,jesus & ( ,jewi% law1 #ade ! ,greek really secur$ ! triumph ( ,jesus4 ,he elim9at$ ! tribal & ! tempor>y 9 ! ,gospel z x came f purely ,jewi% tea*]s1 &1 ) all 8 irregul>ities ( conduct & 8 flight9ess ( ?\ght1 he nev]!less set ,jesus be=e ! _w z ! c5tral figure ( all hi/ory & ( all exi/5ce4#g ,ev5 ! faults ( ! ,greek h indirectly s]v$ ! *ur*2 = ! ,gospels ga9$ _! place 9 m5's m9ds & he>ts1 because !y 7 ! real refuge f ! vag>ies ( ,greek speculation1 & (f]$ ! ultimate means ( v]ify+ e hypo!sis4 ,! hi/oric ,jesus is nev] ( su* consequ5ce to u z :5 ! great intellects tell u t ! true & only heav5 is ,nephelococcygia4 ,= ,ari/ophanes 0 "r--x 0 ! real ,p>adise ( ! ,greek m9d4 ,:at relief ! pla9 matt]-(-fact ,gospel mu/ h br\ght m5 9 a _w1 :]e no?+ ?rove l ^! cities ( ! cl\ds1 w\ld be inconceivable1 if we did n "k its value /ill4 ,:ile we recognize ! real contribution ( ! ,greek ,*ri/ians1 x is good to see :at ,*ri/ianity meant to m5 :o 7 n ,greeks4 ,sid5ote3 ,tatian ,!re 0 "o ,*ri/ian ( "s note 9 ! second c5tury1 ^: attitude t[>d ev]y?+ ,greek is orig9al & int]e/+4 ,tatian 0 born 9 ! l& ( ! ,assyrians4#h ,he travell$ widely 9 ! ,graeco-,roman _w1#i & /udi$ rhetoric l a ,greek2 he gave att5tion to ! great collections ( ,greek art 9 ,rome--monum5ts ( %ame1 he call$ !m4 ,he 0 admitt$ to ! my/]ies1 b he became %ock$ at ! cruelty & lic5ti\sness tol]at$ & enc\rag$ by paganism4 ,:ile 9 ?is m9d1 seek+ = ! tru?1 x befel t ,i lit ^u "s b>b>ian writ+s1 old] ?an ! dogmata ( ! ,greeks1 div9e 9 _! contra/ ) ,greek error2 & x befel too t ,i 0 conv9c$ by !m1 because1 _! /yle 0 simple1 because !re 0 an abs5ce ( artifice 9 ! speak]s1 because ! /ructure ( ! :ole 0 intelligible1 & also because ( ! =e-k ( future #adf ev5ts1 ! excell5ce ( ! precepts & ! subord9ation ( ! :ole univ]se to ,"o ,rul] 7to ton holon mon>*ikon74 ,my s\l 0 taught ( ,god1 & ,i und]/ood t :ile ,greek lit]ature 7ta m57 leads to condemnation1 ?is ends our slav]y 9 ! _w & rescues u f rul]s manifold & t5 ?\s& tyrants4#aj ,he n[ repudiat$ ! ,greeks & all _! works1 ! gramm>ians :o set ! lett]s ( ! alphabet to qu>rel among !mselves1#aa ! philosoph]s ) _! long hair & long nails & vanity1#ab ! actors1 poets & legislators2 & say+ good-bye to ,roman pride & ,attic p$antry 7psy*rologia7 ,i laid hold ( our b>b>ian philosophy4#ac ,he made ! fir/ h>mony ( ! ,gospels--an e>ly witness to ! p[] ( _! %e] simplicity 9 a _w ( lit]>y affectations4 ,ano!r fam\s ,syrian ( ! c5tury 0 ,ignatius ( ,antio*1 ^: /ory is collect$ f sev5 lett]s he wrote1 9 ha/e & excitem5t1 z he travell$ to ,rome to be ?r[n to ! bea/s 9 ! ar5a--8 gu>ds 9 ! meantime be+ z fi]ce z any leop>ds4 ,! burd5 ( !m all is t ,jesus ,*ri/ truly suff]$ on ! cross4 ,m5 ar\nd him spoke ( a phantom crucifi$ by ! delud$ soldi]s amid ! delud$ ,jews4--,no6 cries ,ignatius1 ov] & ov]1 he truly suff]$1 he truly rose1 ate & drank1 & 0 no daemon )\t a body 7daimonion asomaton7--none ( x is seem+1 x is all truly1 truly1 truly4#ad ,he has be5 call$ hy/]ical1 & 8 position might make any n]v\s man hy/]ical--dea? be=e him1 8 ,"l's reality d5i$1 & only "t = "o ^w--,truly4 ,be=e we pass him by1 let u take a quiet] say+ ( 8 to illu/rate ! deepe/ ?\ght ( himself & 8 age--,he t ha? ! ^w ( ,jesus truly c he> 8 sil5ce also4#ae ,! ,roman came to ! ,*ur* z he came to a new prov9ce4 ,he gravely survey$ ! situation1 consid]$ ! exi/+ arrangem5ts1 accept$ !m1 drew up z x 7 a lex prov9ciae to secure _! prop] adm9i/ration1 & !reaft] int]pret$ x 9 accordance ) ! usual pr9ciples ( ,roman #adg law1 &1 l ! procurator 9 ,a*aea1 left ! ,greeks to discuss any ab/ract propositions !y pleas$4 ,t]tullian & ,cyprian 7 lawy]s1 & gave ,lat9 ,*ri/5dom ! language1 9 :i* 9 lat] days ! relations ( man ) 8 ,div9e ,sov]eign 7 work$ out by ! great ,lat9 ,fa!rs4 ,sid5ote3 ,fre$om f daemons ,! confession ( ,tatian1 above cit$1 emphasizes z "o ( ! great features ( ! b>b>ian lit]ature--its mon>*ic tea*+--x sets man free f t5 ?\s& tyrants--& ?is may be our />t+-po9t 9 consid]+ ! new exp]i5ce4 ,to be rid ( ! :ole daemon-_w1 to h left ! daemons beh9d & _! hatr$ ( m51#af _! a/rology1#ag _! immorality & cruelty1 _! sacrifices1 & ! t]ror ( possession & !olepsy & en*antm5t1#ah 0 happ9ess 9 itself4 ,we are above fate1 said ,tatian1 &1 in/ead ( daemons t deceive1 we h le>nt "o ma/] :o deceive? n4#ai ,*ri/1 wrote an unkn[n ,*ri/ian ( a beautiful _s--,*ri/ wi%$ to save ! p]i%+1 & su* m]cy has he %[n u t we ! liv+ d n s]ve dead gods1 b ?r\gh him we "k ! ,fa!r ( tru?4#bj ,orpheus sang to beguile m51 b my ,s+] has come to end ! tyranny ( daemons1 said ,clem5t4#ba ,! p]ils ( meats (f]$ to idols impress$ "s1 :o fe>$ t by eat+ ( !m !y w\ld come "u daemoniac influ5ce4 ,) :at relief !y mu/ h read ,paul's free spee* on ! subject--! e>? is ! ,"l's & ! fullness !re(--= u !re is "o ,god1 ! ,fa!r1 & "o ,"l1 ,jesus ,*ri/1 ?r\gh :om are all ?+s1 & we ?r\gh him4#bb ,ev5 ! v "n ( ,jesus is t]rible to ! daemons#bc--! "n t is above e "n4 ,9 no o!r "n 0 !re salvation f daemons1 = philosophy _h made t]ms ) !m4 ,no "o c read ! ,*ri/ian ,apologi/s )\t rem>k+ ! /ress :i* !y lay ^u ! k ( ,god1 :i* ! new fai? made ! free & glad possession ( ! humble/4 #adh ,!y say ( u t we babble nons5se among females1 half-gr[n p1 girls & old p4 ,no6 all our wom5 are *a/e & at _! di/affs our maid5s s+ ( ?+s div9e1 said ,tatian1 & rejo9$ ) obs]vations on fam\s ,greek wom51 ,lais1 ,sappho & o!rs4 ,ju/91 always k9dli]1 speaks ( ,socrates :o urg$ m5 to seek ,god1 yet own$ t x w\ld be a h>d task to f9d ! fa!r & mak] ( ?is ,all1 & :5 "o _h f\nd him1 x w\ld n be safe to decl>e him to all1#bd b1 he goes on1 our ,*ri/ did ?is by 8 p[]4 ,no man ev] believ$ ,socrates s mu* z to die = 8 tea*+4 ,b ,*ri/1 :o 0 kn[n to ,socrates 9 "p1 7= he 0 & is ! ,^w t is 9 ev]y?+4447--on ,*ri/1 ,i say1 n only philosoph]s & s*ol>s 7philologoi7 believ$1 b artisans1 m5 q )\t le>n+ 7idiotai71 & despis$ glory & fe> & dea?4 ,!re is n a ,*ri/ian workman b f9ds out ,god & manife/s him1 said ,t]tullian4#be ,?is k ( ,god 0 n m]ely a desirable ?+ 9 !ory1 = x is cle> t x 0 v e>ne/ly s\ght4 ,to ,ju/9's que/ = ,god1 allusion has be5 made--,i hop$ ,i %\ld h ! vision ( ,god at once 7katophe/hai7 he says4 ,:o among m5 _h any k ( :at ,god 01 be=e he came8#bf ,?is1 wrote ! f\r? evangeli/1 is et]nal life--t !y may "k !e1 ! "o true ,god & ,jesus ,*ri/ :om ?\ ha/ s5t4 ,sid5ote3 ,! holy _s ,b x is "o ?+ to be a mono!i/1 & ano!r to be a *ild ( ,abba ,fa!r1 & ?is is "o ( ! notes ( ! e>ly ,*ri/ian4 ,x is impossible to ov]-emphasize ! significance ( ,*ri/ian happ9ess amid ! /ra9 & d\bt ( ! e>ly ,empire4 ,z5o & ,isis ea* _h some?+ to say1 b :o _h su* a message ( =giv5ess & reconciliation & ( ! love ( ,god8 ,god is )9 y1 said ,s5eca2 b he knew no?+ ( su* an exp]i5ce z ! ,*ri/ian summ$ up z ! grace ( ,god1 grace suffici5t & grace #adi ab\nd+4 ,x is h>d to ?9k ( ^! famili> phrases be+ new & /range--! co9+ ( ,paul to express :at no man _h said be=e--& ?is at ! mom5t :5 ,s5eca 0 writ+ 8 moral lett]s to ,lucilius4 ,v]bal co9cid5ces may be f\nd betwe5 ,paul & ,s5eca1 b !y are ess5tially v]bal4 ,! ,/oic ,sp]maticos ,logos 0 a cold & un9spir+ dogma comp>$ ) ,abba ,fa!r & ! ,_s ( ,jesus--x 0 n ! same ?+ at all4 ,! "o doctr9e made man self-suffici5t--9 ! o!r1 our suffici5cy 7hikanotes7 is ( ,god4 ,x 0 ! law ( nature1 contra/$ ) ! fa!r ( ! prodigal son--our k9d & t5d]-he>t$ fa!r z ,clem5t ( ,rome calls him #bg--! p]sonal ,god1 ^: problem is ev] to save ! flock ( m52 t is :y ! good ,god has s5t ! good %eph]d4#bh ,! m lett]$ ( ,*ri/ian writ]s l to quote ,plato's say+ t man 0 born to be at home ) ,god 7oikeios e*e9 pros !on7 & t he 0 a heav5ly plant4 ,falsehood1 !y say1 & error obscur$ all ?is1 b n[ t anci5t natural fell[%ip ) heav5 has leapt =? f ! d>kness & beams ^u u4#bi ,god1 says ,clem5t1 out ( 8 great love = m51 cleaves to man1 & z :5 a little bird has fall5 out ( ! ne/1 ! "m-bird hov]s ov] x1 & if p]*ance "s creep+ bea/ op5 its m\? ^u ! little ?+1 ,:eel+ o'er 8 head1 ) screams ! dam ,bewails h] d>l+ brood2 s ,god ! ,fa!r seeks 8 image1 & heals ! fall1 & *ases away ! bea/1 & picks up ! little "o aga94#cj ,god has ano9t$ & seal$ 8 *ild & giv5 him a pl$ge ( ! new relation--! holy _s4 ,?is is di/9ctly said by ,/ ,paul1#ca & ! v>iety ( ! ph5om5a1 to :i* he ref]s1 is a little curi\s4 ,sev]al ?+s are cov]$ by ! phrase1 & are class$ z manife/ations ) a common orig94 ,!re are _m allusions to speak+ ) tongues2 ,paul1 h[ev]1 cle>ly %[s t we are n to und]/& a miracul\s gift 9 us+ actual languages1 r$uc$ to gramm> & #aej spok5 by m51 z ! au?or ( ! ,acts sugge/s ) a possible rem9isc5ce ( a ,jewi% leg5d ( ! law-giv+ f ,s9ai4 ,! glossolaly 0 in>ticulate & un9telligible2 x 0 a feature ( ,greek mantic1 an accompanim5t ( ov]-/ra9$ emotion1 & ev5 to be produc$ by mat]ial ag5cies1 z ,plut>* lets u see4 ,paul himself is emphatic ^u its real irrelevance to ! ,*ri/ian's ma9 conc]n1 & he deprecates ! att5tion paid to x4 ,o!r spiritual manife/ations 7 visions & prophecies4 ,) ^! ,dr ,william ,james has dealt 9 8 ,v>ieties ( ,religi\s ,exp]i5ce1 %[+ t 9 !m1 z 9 conv]sion1 !re is no?+ di/9ctively ,*ri/ian4 ,! cont5t ( ! vision & ! outcome ( ! conv]sion are ! det]m9+ factors4 ,:]e m5 believe t an ord9>y human be+ c be tempor>ily trans=m$ by ! pres5ce )9 him ( a _s1 ! v belief produces its own evid5ce4 ,if ! t5et ( ! holy _s re/$ on no?+ else1 x w\ld h fill$ a small] place 9 ,*ri/ian ?\ght4 ,sid5ote3 ,jesus ! savi\r ,b :5 ,paul speaks ( ! holy _s :]eby ! ,*ri/ians are seal$1 call+ x n[ ! _s ( ,god & n[ ! _s ( ,jesus1 he is ref]r+ to a pr(\nd] exp]i5ce4 ,expla9 conv]sion z we may1 ! ^w repres5ts a real ?+4 ,m5 7 *ang$1 & 7 consci\s ( x4 ,old desires pass$ away & a new life began1 9 :i* passion took a new direction1 f9d+ its c5tre ( w>m? & light1 n 9 morality1 n 9 religion1 b 9 ,god z reveal$ 9 ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,to me to live is ,*ri/1 cri$ ,paul1 giv+ words to ! exp]i5ce ( c\ntless o!rs4 ,life _h a new c5tre2 & duty1 pa9 & dea? 7 turn$ to gladness4 ,! e>ly ,*ri/ian 0 consci\s ( a new _s )9 him4 ,x 0 by ?is _s t !y c\ld cry ,abba1 ,fa!r2 x 0 ! _s t guid$ !m into all tru?2 x 0 ! _s t unit$ !m to ,god1#cb t set !m free f ! law ( s9 & dea?1 t meant life & peace & joy & hol9ess4 ,paul tru/$ ev]y?+ to :at we might call ! ,*ri/ian in/9ct & :at he call$ ! holy _s1 & he 0 ju/ifi$4 ,no =ce 9 ! _w has done s mu* z ?is nameless ?+ t has controll$ & guid$ & illum9$--:atev] we call x4 ,any "o :o has brea!d ! quiet air ( a ga!r+ ( m5 & wom5 consci\sly surr5d]$ to ! influ5ce ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 ) all its #aea sob]+ effect1 its consecration1 its p[] & gladness1 w "k :at ,paul & 8 fri5ds meant4 ,x is h>dly to be kn[n o!rwise4 ,9 our docum5ts ! _s is closely associat$ ) ! ga!r+ ( ! community 9 pray]4 ,fre$om f daemons1 =giv5ess & reconciliation ) ,god1 gladness & moral /r5g? & peace 9 ! holy _s--( su* ?+s ! e>ly ,*ri/ians speak1 & !y associate !m all inv>iably ) "o "n1 ! liv+ c5tre ( all4 ,jesus ! belov$ is a phrase t lights up "o ( ! dulle/ ( e>ly ,*ri/ian pages4#cc ,no6 y d n s mu* z li/5 to anyone1 if he speaks ( any?+ b ,jesus ,*ri/ 9 tru?1 says ,ignatius4#cd ,:at c we give him 9 return8 ,he gave u light 444 he sav$ u :5 we 7 p]i%+ 444 ,we 7 lame 9 und]/&+1 & wor%ipp$ /one & wood1 ! works ( m54 ,our :ole life 0 no?+ b dea?4444 ,he piti$ u1 he _h compassion1 he sav$ u1 = he saw we _h no hope ( salvation except f him2 he call$ u :5 we 7 n1 & f n be+ he will$ u to be4#ce ,! blood ( ,jesus1 %$ = our salvation1 has br\ght to all ! _w ! grace ( rep5tance4#cf ,ye see :at is ! patt]n t has be5 giv5 u2 :at %\ld we d :o by him h come "u ! yoke ( 8 grace8#cg ,let u be e>ne/ to be imitators ( ! ,"l4#ch ,^! are a few words f ,*ri/ians ^: writ+s are n 9 ! canon4 ,jesus is pre-em95tly & always ! ,savi\r2 ! au?or ( ! new life2 ! reveal] ( ,god2 ! br+] ( immortality4 ,x made an imm5se impression ^u ! anci5t _w to see ! trans=mation ( ^? :om x despis$1--wom51 artisans1 slaves & ev5 slave-girls4 ,socrates ) ! hemlock cup & ! brave ,?rasea 7 figures t m5 lov$ & hon\r$4 ,b "h 7 all sorts ( common p do+ ! same ?+ z ,socrates & ,?rasea1 *e]fully fac+ torture & dea? = ! "n's sake--& x 0 a "n ( contempt1 too4 ,*ri/'s p--,*ri/ianoi--0 a bant]+ improvisation by ! p ( ,antio*1 :o 7 notori\s 9 antiquity = impud5t wit3#ci x 0 a happy %ot #aeb & t\*$ ! v c5tre ( ! t>get4 ,! "n & 8 "n1 are con/antly recurr+ phrases4 ,b x 0 n only t m5 w\ld die = ! "n--m5 w die = any?+ t t\*es _! imag9ation or _! sympa?y--b !y liv$ = x & %[$ !mselves to be inde$ a new creation4 ,our ,jesus#dj 0 ! au?or ( a new life1 & a v diff]5t "o f t ( ,hell5i/ic cities4 ,t ,*ri/ianity reta9$ its own "* 9 ! face ( ! mo/ desp]ate ef=ts ( its fri5ds to turn x into a philosophy cong5ial to ! philosophies ( ! day1 0 ! result ( ! /rong hold x _h tak5 ^u innum]able simple p1 :o _h f\nd 9 x ! p[] ( ,god 9 ! trans=mation ( _! own *>act]s & in/9cts1 & :o clung to ,jesus ,*ri/--to ! great objective facts ( 8 inc>nation & 8 dea? ^u ! cross--z ! firm f\ndations laid 9 ! rock aga9/ :i* ! floods ( !ory might beat 9 va94 ,= n[ we h to consid] ano!r side ( e>ly ,*ri/ian activity--! explanation ( ! new exp]i5ce4 ,! e>ly ,*ri/ian community f\nd ! unexam9$ life z impossible z ,plato _h1 & !y fram$ all sorts ( !ories to acc\nt = ! *ange 9 !mselves4 ,( mo/ imm$iate int]e/ are ! acc\nts :i* !y give ( ! holy _s & ( ,jesus4 ,"h we mu/ rememb] t 9 all def9ition we try to express ! less kn[n ?r\gh ! m kn[n1 & t ! e>ly ,*ri/ians necess>ily us$ ! be/ language available to !m1 & tri$ to communicate a new s]ies ( exp]i5ces by means ( ! t]ms & preconceptions ( ! ?9k+ _w ( _! day--t]ms & preconceptions long s9ce obsolete4 ,mu* 9 ! e>ly c5turies ( our era is un9telligible until we =m "s notion ( ! curr5t belief 9 spiritual be+s1 evid5ce ( :i* is f\nd 9 abundance 9 ! lit]ature ( ! day1 pagan & ,*ri/ian4 ,a gr[+ cons5sus among philosoph]s made ,god m & m remote1 & emphasiz$ ! necessity = int]m$i>ies4 ,we h se5 h[ ,plut>* pron\nc$ = ! delegation ( rule ov] ! univ]se & its functions to m9i/]+ spirits4 ,! ,jews _h a p>allel belief 9 angels1 & _h come to ?9k ( ,god's _s & ,god's intellig5ce z someh[ deta*able f 8 be+4 ,9 ab/ract #aec ?\ght ?is may be possible j z we ?9k ( an angle )\t ref]5ce to matt]4 ,! great weakness 9 ! speculation ( ! e>ly ,empire 0 ?is habit ( suppos+ t m5 c be z c]ta9 ( _! d$uctions z ( _! premisses2 & ,god's ,logos1 be+ conceivable1 pass$ into common religi\s ?\ght z a sep>ate & prov5 exi/5ce4 ,sid5ote3 ,! holy _s ,at ! same "t !re 0 abundant evid5ce ( devil-possession z !re is 9 ,*9a to-day4 ,mod]n m$ic9e di/+ui%es f\r classes ( cases :i* ! anci5ts 7& _! mod]n foll[]s7 gr\p "u ?is "o head3--,insanity1 ,epilepsy1 ,hy/]ia major & ! my/ical /ate4 ,to m5 :o _h no k ( mod]n m$ic9e & its di/9ctions1 ! evid5ce ( ! possess$ 0 en\gh1 & x 0 apt to be q cle> & emphatic z x is 9 su* cases to-day4 ,! man said he _h a devil--or ev5 a legion ( devils4 ,! prie/ess at ! oracle said t a god 0 )9 h] 7en!os74 ,9 bo? cases ! ocul> evid5ce 0 en\gh to conv9ce ! onlook]s ( ! tru? ( ! explanation1 = ! p]sons conc]n$ 7 cle>ly *ang$ & 7 n !mselves4#da ,plato play$ ) ! idea t poetry ev5 might be1 z poets said1 a matt] ( inspiration4 ,! poet c\ld n be m]ely himself :5 he wrote or sang words ( su* trans=m+ p[]4 ,! ,jews gave a simil> acc\nt ( prophecy--! ,_s ( ! ,"l desc5d$ ^u m51 z we read 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,! ,_s1 says ,a!nagoras to ! ,greeks1 us$ ! ,hebrew prophets1 z a flute-play] does a flute1 :ile !y 7 9 ec/asy 7kat ek/as97#db--! holy _s1 he adds1 is an efflu5ce 7aporroia7 ( ,god4#dc ,! ,*ri/ians1 f9d+ ec/asy1 prophecy1 trance1 & glossolaly among _! own memb]s1 & hav+ be=e !m ! p>allel ( ,greek prie/esses & ,hebrew prophets1 & mak+ moreov] ! same v slight di/9ction z _! pagan #aed neighb\rs betwe5 matt] & _s1 &1 f9ally1 possess+ all ! read9ess ( unsci5tific p 9 prop\nd+ !ories1--!y assum$ an efflu5ce f ,god1 a _s :i* ent]$ into a man1 j z 9 ord9>y life evil demons did1 b "h x 0 a holy _s4 ,?is !y connect$ ) ,god aft] ! mann] famili> to ,jewi% ?9k]s1 & foll[+ ! same lead1 began to equate x ) ,god1 z a sep>ate be+4 ,x is n at fir/ always q cle> :e!r x is ! _s ( ,god or ( ,jesus--or ev5 a manife/ation ( ! ris5 ,jesus4#dd ,:5 we pass to ! e>ly explanations ( ,jesus1 we come into a region peculi>ly difficult4 ,a lat] age obscur$ ! div]g5ces ( e>ly !ory4 ,"s op9ions ! *ur* decisively reject$--,*ri/ians w\ld h no?+ to d ) a ,jesus :o 0 an emanation f an absolute & inconceivable ,be+1 a ,jesus :o 9 t case w\ld be virtually indi/+ui%able f ,asclepios ! k9dly-natur$ div9e heal]4 ,nor w\ld !y tol]ate ! notion ( a phantom-,jesus crucifi$ 9 %[1 :ile ! div9e ,*ri/ 0 f> away--l ,hel5 9 ,euripides' play4#de ,sp>e1 says ,t]tullian1 ! "o hope ( all ! _w4#df ,!y w\ld n h a daimonion )\t a body4 ,b two !ories1 "o ( old] ,jewi%1 & ! o!r ( m rec5t ,alex&rian orig91 ! *ur* accept$ & bl5d$1 ?\gh !y d n necess>ily belong to ea* o!r4 ,sid5ote3 ,paul ,! "o !ory is especially ,paul's--sacr$ to all :o lean ) him to ! ,hebrew view ( ?+s1 to all :o1 l him1 are t\*$ ) ! s5se ( s9 & feel ! ne$ ( ano!r's righte\sness1 to all :o h come "u ! spell ( ! "o great writ] ( ! fir/ c5tury4 ,a ,jew1 a native ( a ,hell5i/ic city--& no mean "o#dg--;a citiz5 ( ! ,roman ,empire1 a man ( wide outlooks1 ) a gift = exp]i5ce1 he pass$ f #aee ,ph>isaism to ,*ri/4 ,! m$iat+ idea 0 righte\sness4 ,he knew 8 own guilt be=e ,god1 & f\nd t by go+ ab\t to e/abli% 8 own righte\sness he 0 a*iev+ no?+4 ,at ! same "t a suff]+ ,messiah 0 a contradiction 9 t]ms1 unspeakably repulsive to a ,jew4 ,we c see ?is mu* 9 ! trem5d\s ef=ts ( ! ,apologi/s to ov]come ,jewi% av]sion by produc+ ,old ,te/am5t prophecies t ,*ri/ 0 to suff]4 ,pa!tos 7subject to suff]+7 0 a ^w t wak$ rage & contempt 9 e "o1 :o held to contempor>y views ( ,god1 or ev5 _h dabbl$ 9 ,/oic or simil> conceptions ( human greatness4 ,b x seems t ! s]5ity & good consci5ce ( ,*ri/ian m>tyrs impress$ _! p]secutor1 :o 0 n happy 9 8 own consci5ce2 & at la/ ! ?\ght came--along famili> l9es--t ,*ri/'s suff]+s might be = ! b5efit ( o!rs4 ,& !n he saw ,jesus on ! road to ,damascus4 ,:at exactly happ5$ is a matt] ( discussion1 b ,paul 0 satisfi$--he 0 a man 9 ,*ri/4 ,mu* might be said 9 criticism ( ,paul's ,*ri/ology--if x 7 n = ,paul & 8 foll[]s4 ,!y h done too mu* & be5 too mu* = x to be possible to dissect _! great conception 9 cold blood4 ,paul's !ories are tru] ?an ano!r man's exp]i5ces--!y pulse ) life1 !y h 79 ,lu!r's phrase7 h&s & feet to c>ry a man away4 ,! man is s l>ge & s /rong1 s simple & true1 s v>i\s 9 8 k ( ! _w1 s t5d] 9 8 feel+ = m5--all ?+s to all m5--su* a ma/] ( language1 s sympa!tic & s op5--he is irresi/ible4 ,! quick movem5t ( 8 ?\ght1 8 sudd5 fla%es ( ang] & ( t5d]ness1 8 apo/rophes1 8 ejaculations--"o feels t p5 & pap] nev] got su* a man writt5 d[n be=e or s9ce4 ,e s5t5ce comes *>g$ ) ! :ole man--half a doz5 ,greek words1 & n always ! be/ ,greek--& ! ,*ri/ian _w = ev] w sum up its deepe/ exp]i5ce 9 ,god =bid t ,i %\ld glory save 9 ! cross ( our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 by :om ! _w is crucifi$ unto me & ,i unto ! _w4 ,close exam9ation reveals a good deal ( ,judaism surviv+ 9 ,paul1--a curi\s way ( play+ ) ! text ( ,scripture1 #aef odd rem9isc5ces ( old me?ods1 & deep] infiltrations ( a ,jewi% ?\ght :i* is n t ( ,jesus4 ,yet x does n affect our feel+ = him--he /&s too close to u z a man1 too mu* ov] u z ! tea*] ( ,augu/9e1 ,calv9 & ,lu!r--a man1 :om x took m g5ius to expla9 ?an ! *ur* _h = fifte5 c5turies1 & yet ! man to :om ! *ur* owes its univ]sal rea* & unity1 its !ology & ! be/ ( ! language 9 :i* x has express$ its love = 8 ma/]4 ,sid5ote3 ,explanation ( ,jesus ,paul w5t back to ! ,jewi% conception ( a ,messiah1 modifi$1 9 ! real _s ( ,jesus1 by ! ?\ght ( suff]+4 ,b :5 we put side by side ! ,messiah ( ,jesus & ! ,messiah ( ,paul1 we become consci\s ( a diff]5ce4 ,! latt] is a m$iator betwe5 ,god & man1 mak+ atonem5t1 transf]r+ righte\sness by a sort ( legal fiction1 & imply+ a conception ( ,god's fa!rhood f> bel[ t taught by ,jesus4 ,at ! same "t ,paul has o!r ?\ghts ( a pr(\nd] & m p]man5t value4 ,x is h>d1 = in/ance1 to imag9e t any *ange1 :i* "t & ?\ght may br+1 c alt] a ^w 9 8 /atem5t t ,god 0 9 ,*ri/1 reconcil+ ! _w to himself--"h !re is no local or temporal elem5t ev5 9 ! word+4 ,x may be not$ t ,paul has 8 own names = ,jesus1 = :ile he uses ,messiah 79 ,greek7 & ,son ( ,god1 he is ! fir/ to speak ( ! ,"l & ! ,savi\r4 ,paul held ! door op5 = ! o!r great !ory ( ! e>ly *ur*1 :5 he emphasiz$ ! pre-exi/5ce ( ! heav5ly ,*ri/ & made him ! beg9n+1 ! c5tre & ! end ( all hi/ory4 ,! ,logos1 z we h se51 0 n an orig9al idea ( ! ,*ri/ian _w4 ,x 0 long famili> to ,greek philosophy1 & ,philo & ! ,/oics base mu* ( _! ?\ght ^u x4 ,x mu/ h come into ! *ur* f a ,greek or ,hell5i/ic s\rce1 p]haps z a translation ( ,paul's heav5ly ,*ri/4 ,z x /&s1 x is a peculi>ly bold annexation f ,philosophy4 ,no ,/oic w\ld h d5i$ t ! ,sp]maticos ,logos 0 9 ,jesus1 b ! bold id5tification ( ! ,logos ) ,jesus mu/ h be5 fooli%ness to ! ,greek4 ,/ill 9 contempor>y ?\ght !re 0 mu* to dispose m5 to believe 9 su* an inc>nation ( ! ,logos 9 a human be+1 ?\gh !re is no sugge/ion t a spiritual be+ ( any at all comm5surate #aeg greatness 0 ev] s inc>nat$ be=e4 ,b ! ?\ght appeal$ to ! ,*ri/ian m9d1 :5 once ! %ock to ,greek susceptibilities 0 ov]come4 ,once accept$1 x solv$ all que/ions 9 ! e>? & out ( x4 ,x p]mitt$ ! cong5ial idea ( ,greek !ology to rema9--! transc5d5ce ( ,god be+ sav$ by ?is p]sonification ( 8 ,?\ght4 ,x 0 a f9al bl[ to all !ories t made ,jesus an emanation1 a phantom or a demi-god1 & x kept 8 hi/oric p]sonality well 9 ! c5tre ( ?\ght1 ?\gh leav+ x n[ comp>atively mu* less significance4 ,survey+ ! two acc\nts1 ,jewi% & ,greek1 we _c help rem>k+ t !y belong to o!r ages ( ?\ght ?an our own4 ,columbus1 ,cop]nicus & ,d>w9 7 nei!r philosoph]s nor !ologians1 b !y h *ang$ ! p]spectives ( philosophy & !ology1 & we ?9k to-day ) a totally diff]5t s]ies ( preconceptions f ^? ( ,jew & ,greek ( ! fir/ c5tury4 ,! ,greek himself nev] ?\ght mu* ( ! *os5 race1 & x 0 only :5 he realiz$ t ,jesus 0 n a tribal h]o1 t he accept$ him4 ,to ! ,greek ! ,messiah 0 z /range a ?\ght z to ourselves4 ,to u ! ,logos is z /range z ! ,messiah 0 to ! ,greek4 ,we h really at pres5t no t]ms 9 :i* to express :at we feel to be ! p]man5t significance ( ,jesus1 & ! old expressions may repel u until we realize1 fir/1 t !y are n ( ! orig9al ess5ce ( ! ,gospel1 & second1 t !y repres5t ! be/ language :i* ,greek & ,jew c\ld f9d = a conviction :i* we %>e--t ,jesus ( ,naz>e? does /& 9 ! c5tre ( human hi/ory1 t he has br\ght ,god & man into a new relation1 t he is ! p]sonal conc]n ( ev]yone ( u1 & t !re is m 9 him ?an we h yet acc\nt$ =4 ,into ! "q ( ! organization adopt$ by ! e>ly ,*ri/ians & ! developm5t ( ! idea ( ! *ur*1 x is n ess5tial to our pres5t purpose to inquire4 ,op9ion v>ies z to h[ f> we %\ld seek ! orig9 ( ! *ur* 9 ! tea*+ & "w ( ,jesus4 ,if 8 m9d has be5 at all rightly repres5t$ 9 ?is book1 x seems to foll[ t he 0 n responsible ei!r = ! "n or ! idea ( ! *ur*4 ,m9ds ( ! class to :i* 8 belongs h z a rule little or no int]e/ 9 organizations & arrangem5ts1 & no?+ c #aeh be m ali5 to ! tone & _s ( 8 ?9k+ ?an ! ecclesia/ical idea z repres5t$ by ,cyprian & ,ignatius4 ,t out ( ! gr\p ( foll[]s :o liv$ ) ,jesus1 a society %\ld gr[1 is natural2 & societies in/9ctively organize !mselves4 ,! ,jew (f]$ ! patt]n ( a !ocracy1 & ! ,roman ( a hi]>*y ( (ficials1 b x took two c5turies to produce ! *ur* ( ,cyprian4 ,! s]ies ( runn+ fights ) ,greek speculation 9 ! second c5tury contribut$ to ! natural & acquir$ in/9cts = ord] & sy/em1--p>ticul>ly 9 a _w :]e su* in/9cts _h little opportunity ( ex]cise 9 municipal1 & less 9 political1 life4 ,! "n 01 z ,h>nack says1 a ma/]ly /roke--! ecclesia ( ,god sugge/$ to ! ,greek ! noble & free life ( a self-gov]n+ organism su* z ! anci5t _w _h kn[n1 b rais$ to a high] plane & transfigur$ f a ,p]iclean ,a!ns to a ,heav5ly ,j]usalem4 ,f9e conceptions & high ideals clung ab\t ! idea ( ! *ur* 9 ! be/ m9ds1#dh b 9 practice x meant ! trans=mation ( ! gospel into a code1 ! repression ( lib]ty ( ?\ght1 & ! f9al ext9ction ( prophecy4 ,= ! view t e "o ( ^! results 0 desirable1 reason might be %[n 9 ! vag>ies ( life & speculation :i* ! age knew1 b x 0 obvi\sly a dep>ture f ! ideas ( ,jesus4 ,sid5ote3 ,! new life ,! rise ( ! *ur* 0 accompani$ by ! rise ( my/]ies4 ,!re is a gr[+ cons5sus ( op9ion among indep5d5t s*ol>s t ,jesus in/itut$ no sacram5ts1 yet ,paul f\nd ! rudim5ts ( !m among ! ,*ri/ians & believ$ he _h ! w>rant ( ,jesus = ! height5+ :i* he gave to !m4 ,ignatius speaks ( ! ,ephesians break+ "o bread1 :i* is ! m$ic9e ( immortality 7ph>kmakon a?anasias7 & ! antidote t we %\ld n die--! =m] phrase reappe>+ 9 ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria4#di ,t su* ideas %\ld em]ge 9 ! ,*ri/ian community is natural en\gh1 :5 we consid] its environm5t--a _w )\t natural sci5ce1 /eep$ 9 belief 9 e k9d ( magic & en*antm5t1 & full ( public & private religi\s societies1 e "o ( :i* _h its my/]ies & miracles & its blood-bond ) its peculi> deity4 ,x 0 f su* a _w #aei & su* societies t mo/ ( ! conv]ts came & br\ght ) !m ! ?\ghts & in/9cts ( c\ntless g5]ations1 :o _h nev] conceiv$ ( a religion )\t rites & my/]ies4 ,baptism simil>ly took on a miracul\s col\r--m5 7 baptiz$ = ! dead 9 ,paul's "t--& be=e long x bore ! names famili>ly giv5 by ! _w to all su* rituals ( admission--enlight5m5t 7photismos7 & initiation2 & ) ! names came _m add$ symbolic practices 9 its adm9i/ration4 ,! ,*ri/ians readily recogniz$ ! p>allel betwe5 _! rites & ^? ( ! hea!n1 b no "o seems to h p]ceiv$ ! real connexion betwe5 !m4 ,q naively !y sugge/ ! exact opposite--x 0 ! daemons1 :o =esaw :at ! ,*ri/ian rites 7hi]a7 w\ld be1 & =e/all$ !m ) all sorts ( pagan p>odies4#ej ,b1 aft] all1 ! =ce ( ! ,*ri/ian movem5t lay nei!r 9 *ur*1 nor 9 sacram5t1 b 9 m54 ,h[ did ,*ri/ianity rise & spread among m58 asks ,c>lyle1 0 x by in/itutions1 & e/abli%m5ts1 & well arrang$ sy/ems ( me*anism8 ,no6 444 ,x arose 9 ! my/ic deeps ( man's s\l2 & 0 spread by ! 'prea*+ ( ! ^w1' by simple1 altoge!r natural & individual ef=ts2 & flew1 l hall[$ fire1 f he>t to he>t1 till all 7 purifi$ & illum9at$ by x4 ,"h 0 no ,me*anism2 man's highe/ atta9m5t 0 accompli%$ ,dynamically1 n ,me*anically4#ea ,no?+ c\ld be m j4 ,! ,gospel set fire to m5's he>ts1 & !y ne$$ to d no?+ b live to spread _! fai?4 ,! anci5t evid5ce is abundant = ?is4 ,! ,*ri/ian _h an insatiable passion = do+ good#eb--n z yet a te*nical t]m--& he did good 9 ! simple/ k9d ( ways4 ,ev5 ^? ?+s :i* y d aft] ! fle% are spiritual1 says ,ignatius himself1 = y d all ?+s 9 ,jesus ,*ri/4#ec ,*ri/ians1 says a writ] ^: "n is lo/1 are n di/+ui%able f ! re/ ( mank9d 9 l& or spee* or cu/oms4 ,!y inhabit no special cities ( _! own1 nor d !y use any diff]5t =m ( spee*1 nor d !y cultivate any out-(-!-way life4444 ,b :ile !y live 9 ,greek & b>b>ian cities z _! lot may be #afj ca/1 & foll[ local cu/oms 9 dress & food & life g5]ally1 444 yet !y live 9 _! own c\ntries z soj\rn]s only2 !y take "p 9 ev]y?+ z citiz5s & submit to ev]y?+ z /rang]s4 ,e /range l& is native to !m1 & e native l& is /range4 ,!y m>ry & h *ildr5 l ev]yone else--b !y d n expose _! *ildr54 ,!y h meals 9 common1 b n wives4 ,!y are 9 ! fle%1 b !y d n live aft] ! fle%4 ,!y cont9ue on e>?1 b _! citiz5%ip is 9 heav54 ,!y obey ! laws orda9$1 & by _! private lives !y ov]come ! laws4444 ,9 a ^w1 :at ! s\l is 9 ! body1 t is :at ,*ri/ians are 9 ! _w4#ed ,z a rule1 wrote ,gal51 m5 ne$ to be educat$ 9 p>ables4 ,j z 9 our day we see ^? :o are call$ ,*ri/ians#ee h ga9$ _! fai? f p>ables4 ,yet !y sometimes act exactly z true philosoph]s w\ld4 ,t !y despise dea? is a fact we all h be=e our eyes2 & by "s impulse ( mode/y !y ab/a9 f sexual int]c\rse--"s among !m1 m5 & wom51 h done s all _! lives4 ,& "s1 9 rul+ & controll+ !mselves1 & 9 _! ke5 passion = virtue1 h gone s f> t real philosoph]s c\ld n excel !m4#ef ,s wrote a great hea!n1 & ,celsus admits z mu* himself4 ,9 life at lea/1 if n 9 !ory1 ! ,*ri/ians daily kept to ! tea*+ ( _! ,ma/]4 ,:i* is ampl]8 asks ,t]tullian1 to say1 ,?\ %alt n kill2 or to tea*1 ,be n ev5 angry8 ,:i* is m p]fect1 to =bid adult]y or to bid refra9 f a s+le lu/ful look8#eg ,!re 0 z yet no flight f ! _w1 ?\gh ,*ri/ians _h no illusions ab\t x or ab\t ! devil :o play$ s l>ge a "p 9 its affairs4 ,!y liv$ 9 an age t saw ,ant9\s deifi$4#eh ,!y /ood = m>riage & family life1 :ile all ar\nd holy m5 felt !re 0 an unclean & daemonic elem5t 9 m>riage4#ei ,"o ,*ri/ian writ] ev5 speaks ( wom5 be+ #afa sav$ by *ild-be>+4#fj ,social conditions !y accept$--ev5 slav]y among !m--b !y br\ght a new _s into all2 love & ! s5se ( bro!rhood c\ld trans=m e ?+4 ,slav]y cont9u$1 b ! ^w slave is n f\nd 9 ,*ri/ian catacombs4#fa ,above all1 !y 7 fill$ ) _! ,ma/]'s own desire to save m54 ,i am debtor1 wrote ,paul1 bo? to ,greeks & to b>b>ians1 wise & unwise4#fb ,if mod]n criticism is "r 9 deta*+ ! mission>y commission 79 ,mat!w7 f ! words ( ,jesus1 ! fact rema9s t ! e>ly ,*ri/ians 7 go+ into all ! _w & prea*+ ! gospel to e creature = half a c5tury be=e ! words 7 writt54 ,:y8 ,he t has ! ^w ( ,jesus truly c he> 8 sil5ce1 said ,ignatius2 & if ,jesus did n speak ^! words1 m5 he>d 8 sil5ce to ! same effect4 ,celsus1 l ,julian long aft] him1 0 %ock$ at ! k9d ( p to :om ! gospel 0 prea*$4#fc ,! ,*ri/ian came to ! helpless & hopeless1 :om m5 despis$1 & ( :om m5 despair$1 ) a message ( ! love & t5d]ness ( ,god1 & he br\ght x home by a new type ( love & t5d]ness ( 8 own4 ,k9dness to fri5ds ! _w knew2 g5tl5ess1 too1 = ! sake ( philosophic calm2 clem5cy & o!r m or less self-conta9$ virtues4 ,! ?ird race _h o!r ideas--9 all _! virtues !re 0 ! note ( go+ out ( oneself1 ! unconsci\sness :i* ,jesus lov$--an in/9ctive habit ( negat+ self 7ap>nesa/hai heauton71 :i* does n mean m$ieval asceticism1 nor ! d+y mod]n virtue ( self-d5ial4 ,!re 0 no s5tim5talism 9 x2 x 0 ! _s ( ,jesus spiritualiz+ & trans=m+ & ext5d+ ! natural in/9ct ( bro!rl9ess by mak+ x !oc5tric4 ,*ri/ians = a c5tury or two nev] ?\ght ( at>axia or apa?y1 &1 ?\gh ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria plays ) !m1 he tries to give !m a new turn4 ,=tunately ! ,gospels 7 m read ?an ! ,/romateis & ,*ri/ian apa?y nev] succe$$4 ,! hea!n recogniz$ sympa?y z a ,*ri/ian *>act]i/ic--,h[ ^! #afb ,*ri/ians love ea* o!r6 !y said4 ,lucian be>s ! same te/imony to ! mutual c>e & helpfulness ( ,*ri/ians4 ,y see1 wrote ,lucian1 ^! poor creatures h p]suad$ !mselves t !y are immortal = all "t & w live = ev]1 :i* expla9s :y !y despise dea? & volunt>ily give !mselves up1 z a g5]al rule2 & !n _! orig9al law-giv] p]suad$ !m t !y are all bro!rs1 f ! mom5t t !y cross ov] & d5y ! gods ( ,greece & wor%ip _! sophi/ :o 0 gibbet$1 & live aft] 8 laws4 ,all ?is !y accept1 ) ! result t !y despise all worldly goods alike & c\nt !m common prop]ty4 ,9 a lat] c5tury ,julian1 p]haps foll[+ ,maxim9 ,daza1 :om he copi$ 9 try+ to organize hea!nism into a new ca?olic *ur*1 urg$ b5evol5ce on 8 fell[-pagans1 if !y wi%$ to compete ) ! ,*ri/ians4 ,x 0 ! only ?+1 he felt1 t c\ld revive paganism1 & 8 appeal met ) no response4 ,inf9ite love 9 ord9>y int]c\rse is ! ,*ri/ian life1 & x mu/ come f )9 or n[h]e4 ,no organization c produce x1 &1 h[ev] mu* we may h to disc\nt ,*ri/ian *>ity 9 "s directions z sometimes me*anical1 ! new _s ( bro!rhood 9 ! _w presuppos$ a great *ange 9 ! he>ts ( m54 ,x 0 n ,/oic cosmopolitanism4 ,! ,*ri/ian 0 n ! citiz5 ( ! _w nor ! ,fri5d ( ,man2 he 0 a pla9 p]son :o gave himself up = o!r p1 c>$ = ! sick & ! wor?less1 _h a ^w ( fri5d%ip & hope = ! s9ful & despis$1 w\ld n g & see m5 kill$ 9 ! amphi!atre1 &--mo/ curi\s ( all--0 c>eful to h indig5t bro!rs taught trades by :i* !y c\ld help !mselves4 ,a lazy ,*ri/ian 0 no ,*ri/ian1 he 0 a trad] 9 ,*ri/4#fd ,if ! ,*ri/ians' citiz5%ip 0 9 heav51 he _h a social message = ?is _w 9 ! meantime4 ,sid5ote3 ,woman ,e great religi\s movem5t co9cides ) a new discov]y ( tru? ( "s k9d1 & su* discov]ies induce a new temp]4 ,m5 inquire m freely & speak m freely ! tru? !y feel4 ,mi/akes are made & a movem5t beg9s #afc = qu5*+ ! _s4 ,b ! ga9s t h be5 made by ! lib]at$ spirits are n lo/4 ,?us ! e>ly ,*ri/ian rose quickly to a s5se ( ! value ( woman4 ,dr ,v]rall pron\nces t ! radical disease1 ( :i*1 m ?an ( any?+ else1 anci5t civilization p]i%$ 0 an imp]fect ideal ( woman4#fe ,9 ! e>ly *ur* woman did a good _m ?+s1 :i* 9 lat] days ! au?orities pref]r$ n to m5tion4 ,!kla's "n is prom95t 9 e>ly /ory1 & ! prophetesses ( ,phrygia1 ,prisca & ,maximilla1 h a place 9 ,*ur* ,hi/ory4 ,!y 7 n popul>2 b ! *ur* 0 committ$ to ! ,gospel ( ,luke & ! m9i/ry ( wom5 to ! ,"l4 ,& :atev] ! ,*ri/ian prie/hood did or said1 ,jesus & 8 foll[]s _h set woman on a level ) man4 ,!re is nei!r male nor female4 ,! same fre$om ( _s is atte/$ by ! way 9 :i* pagan prophets & _! dupes class$ ,*ri/ians ) ,epicureans#ff--!y saw & und]/ood too mu*4 ,! ,*ri/ians 7 ! only p 7ap>t f ! ,jews7 :o op5ly d5\nc$ ! folly ( wor%ipp+ & deify+ ,emp]ors4 ,ev5 ,ignatius1 :o is mo/ fam\s = 8 belief 9 au?ority1 breaks into indep5d5ce :5 m5 try to make ! ,gospel dep5d5t on ! ,old ,te/am5t--= me ! docum5ts 7ta ar*eia7 are ,jesus ,*ri/2 my unassailable docum5ts are 8 cross1 & 8 dea? & resurrection1 & ! fai? t is ?r\gh him2 9 :i* ?+s ,i hope ) y\r pray]s to be sav$4#fg ,:]e ! _s ( ! ,"l is1 !re is lib]ty1 z ,paul said4 ,god & immortality 7 associat$ 9 ,*ri/ian ?\ght4 ,*ri/ians1 said a writ] us+ ! "n ( ,pet]1 are to be p>tak]s ( ! div9e nature4 ,if ! s\l1 says ,tatian1 ent]s into union ) ! div9e _s1 x is no long] helpless1 b asc5ds to regions :i!r ! _s guides x2 = ! dwell+-place ( ! _s is above1 b ! orig9 ( ! s\l is f b5ea?4#fh ,god s5t =? to u ! ,savi\r & ,pr9ce ( immortality1 by :om he also made manife/ to u ! tru? & ! heav5ly life4#fi ,! ,*ri/ian's life is hid ) ,*ri/ 9 ,god1 & ,*ri/'s resurrection is to ! #afd e>ly *ur* ! pl$ge ( immortality--we %all be ev] ) ! ,"l4 ,= ! transmigration ( s\ls & et]nal re-dy+1 life 0 sub/itut$4#gj ,we h believ$1 said ,tatian1 t !re w be a resurrection ( our bodies1 aft] ! consummation ( all ?+s--n1 z ! ,/oics dogmatize1 t 9 p]iodic cycles ! same ?+s = ev] come into be+ & pass out ( x = no good :atev]1--b once = all1 & ?is = judgm5t4 ,! judge is n ,m9os nor ,rhadaman?us1 b ,god ! mak] is ! arbit]4#ga ,!y %all see him 7,jesus7 !n on t day1 wrote ! s-call$ ,b>nabas1 we>+ ! long sc>let robe ^u 8 fle%1 & !y w say ',is ?is n he :om we crucifi$1 :om we spat ^u1 & reject$8'#gb ,p]secution tempt$ ! ?\ght ( :at t day w\ld mean = ! p]secutor4 ,b x 0 a real conc]n ( ! ,*ri/ian himself4 ,i myself1 utt]ly s9ful1 n yet escap$ f temptation1 b /ill 9 ! mid/ ( ! devil's eng9es1--,i d my dilig5ce to foll[ aft] righte\sness t ,i may prevail s f> z at lea/ to come ne> x1 fe>+ ! judgm5t t is to come4#gc ,immortality & righte\sness--! two ?\ghts g toge!r1 & bo? dep5d ^u ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,he is emphatically call$ our ,hope--a fav\rite phrase ) ,ignatius4#gd ,sid5ote3 ,m>tyrdom & happ9ess ,"s /rong hope 0 ne$$--"s an*or ( ! s\l1 sure & /eadfa/4#ge ,dea? lay 9 wait = ! ,*ri/ian at e turn1 nev] c]ta91 always probable4 ,! daemons :om he _h r5\nc$ took _! rev5ge 9 excit+ 8 neighb\rs aga9/ him4#gf ,! :im ( a mob#gg or ! cruelty ( a gov]nor#gh might br+ him face to face ) dea? 9 no man knew :at horrible =m4 ,"o writ] spoke ( ! burn+ t came = trial1#gi & ! phrase 0 n exclusively a metaphor4 #afe ,away ) ! a!i/s--:]e is ,polyc>p8 0 a sudd5 %\t at ,smyrna--! mob already excit$ ) sight ( ! "r noble ,g]manicus fight+ ! wild bea/s 9 a signal way4 ,! old man 0 s\ght & f\nd--) ! words ,god's w be done ^u 8 lips4 ,he 0 press$ to curse ,*ri/4 ,eighty-six ye>s ,i h be5 8 slave1 he said1 & he has done me no wrong4 ,h[ c ,i blaspheme my ,k+ :o sav$ me8#hj ,! sudd5ness ( ^! attacks1 & ! cruelty1 7 en\gh to unn]ve anyone :o 0 n built ^u ! f\ndation4 ,n]o's treatm5t ( ! ,*ri/ians wak$ di/a/e 9 ,rome itself4 ,b x 0 ! m>tyrdoms t made ! *ur*4 ,/eph5's dea? captur$ ,paul4 ,i delight$ 9 ,plato's tea*+s1 says ,ju/91 & ,i he>d ,*ri/ians abus$1 b ,i saw !y 7 fe>less 9 ! face ( dea? & all ! o!r ?+s m5 c\nt fe>ful4#ha ,t]tullian & o!rs ) him emphasize t ! blood ( m>tyrs is ! se$ ( ! *ur*4 ,x 0 ! dea? ( ,jesus ov] aga9--! la/ ^w t c>ri$ conviction ) x4 ,) ! s5t5ce ( dea? 9 !mselves ! e>ly ,*ri/ians fac$ ! _w1 & a/oni%$ x by m ?an _! /ubbornness4 ,!y 7 ! mo/ ess5tially happy p ( ! day--,jesus 0 _! hope1 _! suffici5cy 0 ( ,god1 _! names 7 writt5 9 heav51 !y 7 full ( love = all m5--!y _h become little *ildr51 z ,jesus put x1 glad & natural4 ,jesus _h br\ght !m into a new _w ( possibilities4 ,a conduct t anci5t morali/s d>$ n ask1 ! "* ( ,jesus sugge/$1 & ! love ( ,jesus made actual4 ,i c d all ?+s1 said ,paul1 9 him t /r5g!ne? me4 ,!y look$ to assur$ victory ov] evil & !y a*iev$ x4 ,?is is ! victory t has ov]come ! _w--our fai?4 ,v soon a new note is he>d 9 _! words4 ,/oicism 0 nev] ess5tially musical2 ,epictetus ann\nces a hymn to ,zeus1#hb b he nev] />ts ! tune4 ,ov] & ov] aga9 !re is a s\nd ( s++ 9 ,paul--z 9 ! eigh? *apt] ( ! ,romans1 & ! ?irte5? ( ,fir/ ,cor9?ians1#hc & x repeats itself4 ,*ildr5 ( joy is ,b>nabas' "n = 8 fri5ds4#hd #aff ,do+ ! w ( ,*ri/ we %all f9d re/1 wrote ! unkn[n au?or ( ,second ,clem5t4#he ,prais+ we pl\gh2 & s++ we sail1 wrote ! great] ,clem5t4#hf ,c&idates = angelhood1 ev5 "h we le>n ! /ra9 h]eaft] to be rais$ to ,god1 ! function ( our future glory1 said ,t]tullian4#hg ,clo! ?yself 9 gladness1 t always has grace ) ,god & is welcome to him--& revel 9 x4 ,= e glad man does :at is good1 & ?9ks :at is good4444 ,! holy _s is a glad _s 444 yes1 !y %all all live to ,god1 :o put away sadness f !mselves & clo! !mselves 9 all gladness4 ,s said ! angel to ,h]mas1#hh & he 0 "r4 ,! holy _s 0 a glad _s1 & gladness--joy 9 ! holy _s--0 ! secret ( ,*ri/ian morality4 ,no?+ c\ld well be m gay & happy ?an ,clem5t's ,protrepticus4 ,augu/9e 0 attract$ to ! *ur* because he saw x non dissolute hil>is4 ,su* happ9ess 9 m5 is nev] )\t a p]sonal c5tre1 & ! *ur* made no secret t ?is c5tre 0 ,jesus ,*ri/1 :om y h n se51 b y love him2 :om yet y see n1 b y believe 9 him & rejoice ) joy unspeakable & glorifi$4#hi ,*apt] ,v ,footnotes3 #a ,see ,burkitt's ,e>ly ,ea/]n ,*ri/ianity4 #b ,see ,ju/91 ,apology1 i1 #ad1 a vivid passage on ! *ange ( "* t has be5 wr\ght 9 m5 by ! ,gospel4 ,cf4 ,t]t4 ad ,scap4 #b1 nec aliunde noscibiles quam de em5datione vitiorum pri/9orum4 #c ,ephesians iv1 #d4 #d #a ,pet] ii1 #g4 #e ,t]tullian1 ad ,nationes1 i1 #h1 ,plane1 t]tium g5us dicimur 444 v]um recogitate ne quos t]tium g5us dicitis pr9cipem locum obt9eant1 siquidem non ulla g5s non ,*ri/iana4 #f ,cf4 ,j]emiah xxxi1 #ca--;a fav\rite passage ) ,*ri/ian apologi/s4 #g ,pr(essor ,p]cy ,g>dn] 7,gr[? ( ,*ri/ianity1 p4 #di7 illu/rates ?is by comp>ison ( e>li] & lat] /ages 9 ,*ri/ian ,art4 ,on "s e>ly ,*ri/ian s>cophagi ,jesus is repres5t$ ) m>k$ly ,jewi% features2 soon h[ev] he is idealiz$ into a type ( ! highe/ humanity4 #h ,tatian1 #db4 #i ,id4 #ce4 #aj ,tatian1 #bi4 ,cf4 ! acc\nt ,!ophilus gives ( ! influ5ce ^u him ( ! /udy ( ! prophets1 i1 #ad4 #aa #bf4 #ab #be4 #ac #ce4 #ad ,ignatius1 ,magn4 #aa2 ,trall1 #i1 #aj2 ,smyrn4 #a1 #b1 #c1 #ab4 #ae ,ignatius1 ,eph4 #ae1 logon ,iesoi kektem5os ale?os dynatai kai tes hesy*ias aut\ ak\eis4 #af ,tatian1 #af1 #ag4 ,cf4 ,plut>* 7cit$ on p4 #ajg7 on malignant daemons4 ,see ,t]tullian1 ,apol4 #bb2 ,ju/91 ,apol4 ii4 #e2 ,clem4 ,alex4 ,protr4 #c1 #da1 on ! works ( daemons4 #ag ,tatian1 #g1 #h4 #ah ,see ,t]tullian1 de ,idol4 #i1 on ! surpris+ case ( a ,*ri/ian :o wi%$ to pursue 8 call+ ( a/rolog]--a claim ,t]tullian naturally w n all[4 #ai ,tatian1 #i4 #bj ,! s-call$ second lett] ( ,clem5t ( ,rome1 c4 #c4 #ba ,clem4 ,alex4 ,protr4 #c4 #bb #a ,cor4 vi1 etc4 #bc ,ju/91 ,dial4 c4 ,tryph4 #cj4 #bd ,tatian1 #cc2 ,ju/91 ,apol4 ii1 #aj4 ,x may be not$ t ,ju/9 quotes ! fam\s passage 9 ! ,timaeus 7#bh ,c7 n q correctly4 ,su* passages famili> 9 8 m\? z h\sehold words are v r>ely giv5 ) v]bal accuracy4 ,t]tullian1 ,apol4 #df1 & ,clem5t1 ,/rom4 v1 #gh1 #ib1 also quote ?is passage4 #be ,apol4 #df4 ,comp>e ,!ophilus1 i1 #b2 ,if y say ',%[ me y\r ,god1' ,i w\ld say to y1 ',%[ me y\r man & ,i w %[ y my ,god1' or %[ me ! eyes ( y\r s\l see+1 & ! e>s ( y\r he>t he>+4 #bf ad ,diogn4 #h1 #a4 #bg ,clem4 ,r4 #bi1 #a1 ton epieike kai eusplag*non pat]a hemon4 #bh ,clem4 ,alex4 ,protr4 #aaf4 #bi ,clem4 ,alex4 ,protr4 #be1 emphytos ar*aia ko9onia4 #cj ,clem4 ,alex4 ,protr4 #ia1 cit+ ,iliad1 #b1 #cae 7,c[p]74 #ca #b ,cor4 i1 #bb2 v1 #e4 #cb ,cf4 ,tatian1 #ae4 #cc ,b>nabas1 #d1 #h4 #cd ,ign4 ,eph4 #f1 #b4 #ce ,,ii4 ,clem4 #a1 #c-g 7abridg$ a little74 #cf ,clem4 ,r4 #g1 #d4 #cg ,clem4 ,r4 #af1 #ag4 #ch ,ign4 ,eph4 #aj1 #c4 #ci ,cf4 ,socr4 e4h4 iii1 #ag1 #d1 ! ,antio*5es mock$ ! ,emp]or ,julian1 euripi/oi g> oi an?ropoi eis hubreis4 #dj ,,ii4 ,clem4 #ad1 #b4 #da ,see ,t]tullian1 ,apol4 #bb4 #db ,a!nagoras1 ,presbeia1 #i4 #dc ,see a v int]e/+ *apt] 9 ,philo's de migr4 ,abr4 #g 7#dda ,m71 :]e he gives a v frequ5t exp]i5ce ( 8 own 7muriakis pa?on7 z a writ]4 ,sometimes1 ?\gh he saw cle>ly :at to say1 he f\nd 8 m9d b>r5 & /]ile & w5t away ) no?+ done1 ) ! womb ( 8 s\l clos$4 ,at o!r times he came empty & sudd5ly became full1 z ?\ghts 7 imp]ceptibly s[$ & sn[$ ^u him f above1 s t1 z if "u ,div9e possession 7kato*es en!\71 he became fr5zi$ 7korubantian7 & utt]ly knew n ! place1 nor ^? pres5t1 nor himself1 nor :at 0 said or writt54 ,see ,t]t4 de ,anima1 #aa1 on ! spirits ( ,god & ( ! devil t may come ^u ! s\l4 #dd ,x may be rem>k$1 9 pass+1 t ! contempor>y wor%ip ( ! ,emp]or is to be expla9$ by ! same !ory ( ! possibility ( an indwell+ daimonion4 ,x 0 help$ out by ! practice1 :i* _h nev] s f> di$ out 9 ! ,ea/ & 9 ,egypt1 ( reg>d+ ! ,k+ & 8 *ildr5 z gods inc>nate4 ,see ,j4 ,g4 ,fraz]1 ,e>ly ,hi/ory ( ,k+%ip4 #de ,t]tullian1 adv4 ,m>c1 iii1 #h1 nihil solidam ab inani1 nihil pl5um a vacuo p]fici licuit 444 imag9>ius op]ator1 imag9>iae op]ae4 #df ,t]tullian1 de c>ne ,*ri/i1 #e4 #dg ,8 ,t>siot feel+ is p]haps %[n by 8 pref]5ce t wom5 %\ld be veil$4 ,dio ,*ryso/om 7,or4 #cc1 #dh7 m5tions t 9 ,t>sus !re is mu* cons]vatism %[n 9 ! v close veil+ ( ! wom5's faces4 #dh ,t]t4 ,apol4 #ci1 ,corpus sumus de consci5tia religionis et discipl9ae unitate et spei fo$]e4 #di ,ign4 ,eph4 #bj2 ,clem4 ,alex4 ,protr4 #ajf4 #ej ,ju/91 ,apol4 i1 #ff1 ! use ( bread & cup 9 ! my/]ies ( ,mi?ras2 ,t]tullian1 de ,bapt4 #e1 on baptism 9 ! rites ( ,isis & ,mi?ras1 ! my/]ies ( ,eleusis1 etc4 #ea ,c>lyle1 ,signs ( ! ,times1 7,c5t5>y edition ( ,essays1 ii1 p4 #gj47 #eb ,clem4 ,r4 #b1 #b1 akore/os po?os eis aga?opoiian4 #ec ,ign4 ,eph4 #h1 #b4 #ed ,auctor ad ,diognetum1 #e-f4 #ee ,he apologizes = ! use ( ! "n1 z educat$ p did 9 8 day1 :5 x 0 awkw>d or impossible to avoid us+ x4 ,x 0 a vulg>ism4 #ef ,gal51 extant 9 ,arabic 9 hi/4 anteislam4 ,abulf$ae 7ed4 ,fleis*]1 p4 #aji71 quot$ by ,h>nack1 ,expansion ( ,*ri/ianity1 i1 p4 #bff4 #eg ,t]tullian1 ,apol4 #de2 cf4 ,ju/91 ,apol4 i1 #ae4 #eh ,cf4 ,ju/91 ,apol4 i1 #bi4 #ei ,! feel+ ref]r$ to is associat$ ) ! primitive s5se ( ! my/]y ( procreation & conception surviv+1 x is said1 among ! ,arunta ( ,au/ralia1 & v widely 9 ! case ( tw9s2 see ,r5del ,h>ris1 ,cult ( ! ,dioscuri4 #fj ,tim4 #b1 #ae4 ,cf4 ,t]t4 adv4 ,m>c4 iv1 #ag1 nihil impud5tius si ille nos sibi filio faciet qui nobis filios fac]e non p]misit auf]cndo conubium4 #fa de ,rossi1 cit$ by ,h>nack1 ,expansion1 i1 #bjh n4 #fb ,romans #a1 #ad4 #fc ,see p4 #bda2 & cf4 ,ju/91 ,apol4 i1 #ae4 #fd ,dida*e1 #ab4 ei de ouk e*ei te*n51 kata t5 synes9 humon pronoesate1 pos me argos me? hymon zesetai *ri/ianos4 ei de ou !lei outo poie91 *ri/emporos e/9 prose*ete apo ton toi\ton4 ,see ,t]t4 ,apol4 #ci1 on provision = ! ne$y & ! orphan1 ! %ipwreck$1 & ^? 9 jails & m9es4 #fe ,euripides ! ,rationali/1 p4 #aaa n4 #ff ,lucian1 ,alex&]1 #ch1 ,alex&] said3 ,if any a!i/1 or ,*ri/ian1 or ,epicurean comes z a spy ^u our rites let him flee6 ,he said exo *ri/ian\s1 & ! p respond$ exo ,epik\rei\s4 #fg ,ignatius1 ,philad4 #h4 #fh ,tatian1 #ac4 #fi ,,ii4 ,clem4 #bj1 #e4 #gj ,see ,t]tullian1 de ,te/im4 ,animae1 #d1 ! ,*ri/ian op9ion mu* nobl] ?an ! ,py?agorean4 #ga ,tatian1 #f4 ,cf4 ,ju/91 ,apol4 i1 #h2 & ,t]tullian1 de ,spectaculis1 #cj1 quot$ on p4 #cje4 #gb ,b>nabas1 #g1 #i4 ,cf4 ,rev4 i1 #g4 ,behold he ,come? ) ! cl\ds & e eye %all see him--& !y t pi]c$ him4 ,cf4 ,t]tullian1 de ,spect4 #cj1 once m4 #gc ,,ii4 ,clem4 #ah1 #b4 #gd ,ignatius1 ,eph4 #ba2 ,magn4 #aa2 ,trall4 int4 #b1 #b2 ,philad4 #aa4 #ge ,hebrews #f1 #ai4 #gf ,ju/91 ,apol4 i1 #e1 ! daemons procur$ ! dea? ( ,socrates1 kai homoios eph hymon to auto en]g\oi3 #aj1 !y spread false reports aga9/ ,*ri/ians2 ,apol4 ii1 #ab2 ,m9ucius ,felix1 #bg1 #h4 #gg ,! mob1 ) /ones & tor*es1 ,t]t4 ,apol4 #cg2 ev5 ! dead ,*ri/ian 0 dragg$ f ! grave1 de asylo quodam mortis1 & torn to pieces4 #gh ,/ories ( gov]nors 9 ,t]t4 ad ,scap4 #c1 #d1 #e2 "o provok$ by 8 wife becom+ a ,*ri/ian4 #gi ,i4 ,pet] #d1 #ab4 #hj ,m>tyrium ,polyc>pi1 #c1 #g-aa4 #ha ,ju/91 ,apol4 ii1 #ab4 #hb ,d4 i1 #af1 ! hymn he proposes is quot$ on p4 #fb4 ,x h>dly s+s itself1 & he does n return to x4 ,! v]bal p>allel ( ! passage ) t 9 ,clem5t1 ,/rom4 vii1 #ce1 height5s ! contra/ ( tone4 #hc ,see ,nord51 ,kun/prosa1 ii1 #eji4 #hd ,b>nabas1 #g1 #a4 #he ,,ii4 ,clem4 #f1 #g4 #hf ,/rom4 vii1 #ce4 #hg de orat4 #c4 #hh ,h]mas1 ,m4 #aj1 #ca1--! ^w is il>os2 :i* ,clem5t 7l4c47 also uses1 conjo9+ x ) semnos4 ,cf4 ,synesius1 ,ep4 #eg1 p4 #achi1 ,migne1 :o says t :5 he 0 depress$ ab\t becom+ a bi%op 7#daj ,a4,d471 old m5 told him hos il>on e/i to pneuma to hagion kai il>unei t\s meto*\s aut\4 #hi #a ,pet]1 #a1 #h4 #afg ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,! ,,conflict ,,( ,,*ri/ian ,,& ,,jew ,x is a mu* discuss$ "q z to h[ f> ,jesus realiz$ ! pr(\nd gulf betwe5 8 own religi\s position & t ( 8 contempor>ies4 ,probably1 s9ce tradition meant m to !m1 !y 7 quick] to see decl5sion f or?odox ,judaism ?an a m9d m op5 & exp]im5tal2 & :5 !y contriv$ 8 dea?1 x 0 ) a cle> s5se ( act+ 9 def5ce ( ,god's ,law & ,god's ,cov5ant ) ,israel4 ,f _! own po9t ( view !y 7 "r1 = ! triumph ( ! ideas ( ,jesus 0 ! abolition ( tribal religions & _! sup]session by a new m9d or _s ) no?+ local or racial ab\t x4 ,! dea? ( ,jesus meant to ! little community1 :i* he left beh9d him1 a f9al cleavage ) ! sy/em ( _! fa!rs1 "u :i* !y _h be5 born1 & ) :i* 0 associat$ e religi\s idea !y _h kn[n be=e _! great intimacy began4 ,x 0 a mom5t ( b\ndless import 9 ! hi/ory ( mank9d4 ,sl[ly & reluctantly !y mov$ out into ! great unkn[n1--pilgrim fa!rs1 unconsci\s ( ! great issues !y c>ri$1 b ob$i5t to an impulse1 ! tru? ( :i* hi/ory has long s9ce e/abli%$4 ,once aga9 x 0 _! oppon5ts :o 7 ! quicke/ to realize :at 0 involv$1 = affection bl9d$ _! own eyes4 ,! c>e] ( ,paul rais$ ! :ole "q betwe5 ,judaism & ,*ri/ianity4 ,he 0 ! fir/ to speak decisively ( go+ to ! ,g5tiles4 ,! au?or ( ! ,acts cites prec$5ts = 8 action2 &1 z no great movem5t 9 man's affairs comes unh]ald$1 x is easy to believe t ev5 be=e ,paul ! ^w rea*$ ,g5tile e>s4 ,none ! less ! lead] 9 ! movem5t 0 ,paul2 & :atev] we may imag9e might h be5 ! hi/ory ( ,*ri/ianity )\t him1 x rema9s t he decl>$1 decisively & = all "t1 ! *ur*'s indep5d5ce ( ! synagogue4 ,x is #afh n unlikely t1 ev5 be=e 8 conv]sion1 he _h grasp$ ! fact t *ur* & synagogue 7 n to be reconcil$1 & t1 :5 x pleas$ ,god to reveal 8 ,son 9 him1 he knew at once t he 0 9 a new creation & t he 0 to be a prophet ( a new disp5sation4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,jewi% h]itage ,!re is no d\bt t ! ho/ile ,jews v quickly realis$ ,paul's significance1 b ! ,*ri/ians 7 n s quick4 ,paul 0 a newcom] & v mu* ! able/ man among !m--!y 7 n _m wise1 n _m le>n$1 & ,paul1 ?\gh he does n m5tion x1 0 bo?4 ,he 0 moreov] propos+ to take !m into regions f> beyond _! range2 he _h n p]sonally kn[n ! ,"l & !y _h2 & !re 0 no cle> ^w ( ,jesus on ! ,g5tile "q4 ,!re 0 a conf]5ce4 ,:at took place1 ,paul tries 9 ! ,galatians to tell2 b he is f> too quick a ?9k] to be a ma/] ( m]e n>rative2 ! "q ( ,*ri/ian fre$om 0 too hot 9 8 he>t to leave him free = rem9isc5ce1 & ! matt] is n v cle>4 ,! au?or ( ! ,acts 0 n at ! c\ncil1 &1 :atev] 8 au?orities may h be51 !re is a con/ant sugge/ion 9 8 writ+ t he has a purpose 9 view--a purpose ( peace betwe5 p>ties4 ,:e!r !y lik$ ! result or n1 ! ,*ri/ian community seem loyally to h submitt$ !mselves to ! ,_s ( ,jesus4 ,x seem$ good to ! holy _s & to u tells ! /ory ( _! delib]ations1 :e!r !y put ! phrase at ! top ( a resolution or did n4 ,paul came to ! p]sonal foll[]s ( ,jesus ) a new & /range conception ( ! religion ( _! ,ma/]4 ,!y laid x alongside ( _! memories ( _! ,ma/]1 & !y he>d him say ,g ye into all ! _w2 & !y w5t4 ,! natural outcome ( ?is =w>d /ep at once became evid5t4 ,paul did n g among ! ,g5tiles to prea* circumcision1 & !re quickly came into be+1 ?r\gh\t ,asia ,m9or & 9 ! ,balkan prov9ces1 _m gr\ps ( ,*ri/ians ( a new type--,g5tile 9 m9d & tradition1 & 9 ,*ri/ian life no less ,g5tile4 ,!y rema9$ uncircumcis$1 !y did n obs]ve ! ,sabba? nor any o!r di/9ctive usage ( ,judaism--!y 7 a new p1 a ?ird race4 ,_! v exi/5ce put ,judaism on ! def5sive2 =1 if _! position 0 ju/ifi$1 x 0 h>d to see #afi :at "r ,judaism _h to be4 ,x 0 n yet q cle> :at exactly ! new religion 01 nor into :at x might develope2 b if1 z ! ,g5tile ,*ri/ians & _! ,apo/le claim$1 !y /ood 9 a new relation to ,god1 a high] & a m t5d] ?an ! greate/ & be/ spirits 9 ,israel _h kn[n1 & ?is )\t ! seal ( ,god's cov5ant ) ,israel & indep5d5tly ( 8 law1 !n x 0 evid5t t ! unique privileges ( ,israel 7 void1 & t1 z ,paul put x1 !re is nei!r ,jew nor ,greek4 ,t "p ( ! ,jewi% race1 & x 0 ! l>g] "p1 :i* did n accept ! new religion1 0 9 no m9d to admit ei!r ,paul's premisses or 8 conclusions4 ,!y /ood = ,god's cov5ant ) ,israel4 ,nor did !y /& alone1 = x took "t to conv9ce ev5 ,*ri/ian ,jews t ! old disp5sation _h yield$ to a new "o1 & t ! day ( ,moses 0 pa/4 ,to ! "o class ! rise ( ! ,*ri/ian community 0 a m5ace1 to ! o!r a problem4 ,! "o left no means untri$ to *eck x4 ,by argum5t1 by appeals to ! pa/1 by work+ on 8 sup]/itions1 !y s\ght to make ! ,*ri/ian conv]t into a ,jew2 &1 :5 !y fail$1 !y _h o!r me?ods 9 res]ve4 ,!mselves ev]y:]e despis$ & hat$1 z !y are /ill1 = _! ability & _! =eign air1 !y /irr$ up _! hea!n neighb\rs aga9/ ! new race4 ,aga9 & aga91 9 ! ,acts & 9 lat] docum5ts1 we read ( ! ,jews be+ ! au?ors ( pagan p]secution4#a ,! unbeliev+ ,jew 0 a spiritual & a social dang] to ! ,*ri/ian 9 e city ( ! ,ea/4 ,! conv]t$ ,jew 01 9 8 way1 almo/ z great a difficulty )9 ! community4 ,x is n h>d to und]/& ! feel+ ( ! ,jews )9 or )\t ! ,*ur*4 ,o!r races _h _! anci5t hi/ories1 & ! ,jew _h 8--a hi/ory long & peculi>4 ,f ! day ( ,abraham1 ! fri5d ( ,god1 ! *os5 race _h be5 ! special c>e ( ,jehovah4 ,jehovah _h wat*$ ov] !m2 he _h sav$ !m f _! enemies2 he _h visit$ !m = _! iniquities2 he _h s5t !m prophets2 he _h giv5 !m 8 law4 ,9 a long s]ies ( beautiful images1 :i* move u yet1 ,jehovah _h spok51 ?r\gh holy m5 ( old1 ( 8 love = ,israel4 ,to ,israel belong$ ! oracles ( ,god #agj & 8 promises4 ,= "h aga9 ! national consci\sness ( ,israel diff]$ f t ( e o!r race4 ,x 0 some?+ t 9 ! pa/ ,god _h spok5 to no human family except ! se$ ( ,abraham2 x 0 m t to !m1 & to !m alone1 he _h assur$ ! future4 ,deeply z ,israel felt ! trials ( ! pres5t1 ! ,roman w\ld yet foll[ ! ,p]sian & ! ,greek1 & ! day ( ,israel w\ld dawn4 ,! ,messiah 0 to come & re/ore all ?+s4 ,he %all de/roy ! ungodly nations ) ! ^w ( 8 m\?1 s t at 8 rebuke ! nations may flee be=e him1 & he %all convict ! s9n]s 9 ! ?\ghts ( _! he>ts4 ,& he %all ga!r toge!r a holy p :om he %all lead 9 righte\sness2 & %all judge ! tribes ( 8 p t ha? be5 sanctifi$ by ! ,"l 8 ,god4 ,& he %all n suff] iniquity to lodge 9 _! mid/1 & none t kn[e? wick$ness %all dwell ) !m4444 ,& he %all possess ! nations ( ! hea!n to s]ve him b5ea? 8 yoke2 & he %all glorify ! ,"l 9 a place to be se5 ( ! :ole e>?2 ,& he %all purge ,j]usalem & make x holy1 ev5 z x 0 9 ! days ( old4 ,s t ! nations may come f ! ends ( ! e>? to see 8 glory1 br++ z gifts h] sons t _h fa9t$1 ,& may see ! glory ( ! ,"l1 :]e) ,god ha? glorifi$ h]4 ,s runs "o ( ! ,psalms ( ,solomon writt5 betwe5 #gj & #dj ,b4,c4#b ,p>allel passages might be multipli$1 b "o may suffice1 writt5 p]haps 9 ! lifetime ( ,jesus4 ,!n ?\1 ,o ,israel1 wilt be happy1 & ?\ wilt m\nt ^u ! neck ( ! eagle1 & ! days ( ?y m\rn+ w be end$1 ,& ,god w exalt !e1 & he w cause !e to approa* to ! heav5 ( ! />s1 & he w e/abli% ?y habitation among !m1 ,& ?\ wilt look f on high1 & wilt see ?9e #aga enemies 9 ,geh5na1 & ?\ wilt recognize !m & rejoice1 & wilt give ?anks & confess ?y ,creator4#c ,no p 9 ! ,m$it]ranean _w _h su* a pa/ beh9d !m1 & none a future s sure & s glori\s be=e !m--none inde$ seems to h _h any great hope ( ! future at all2 _! ,gold5 ,ages 7 all 9 ! pa/1 or f> away 9 my?ical isl&s ( ! ,ea/]n seas or beyond ! ,rh9e4 ,& if ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e 0 true1 t great pa/ 0 z dead z ,babylon1 & ! ,messianic ,k+dom 0 a mock]y--,israel 0 fe$+ on ! ea/ w9d1 & ! nation 0 n ,jehovah's *os54 ,at "o /roke ,israel 0 aboli%$1 & e national memory & e national in/9ct1 root$ 9 a pa/ ( suff]+ & revelation1 & wat]$ ) te>s 9 a pres5t ( pa91 7 to )] l ! g>d5s ( ,adonis4 ,no man ) a human he>t b mu/ face ! alt]native ( surr5d]+ national = ,*ri/ian ideals1 or hat+ & ext]m9at+ ! enemy ( 8 race4 ,s mu* = ! nation1 & :at ,*ri/ianity meant = x1 b mu* beside 0 at /ake4 ,!re 0 ! seal ( circumcision1 ! h]$it>y tok5 ( ,god's cov5ant ) ,abraham1 a sacram5t pass$ on f fa!r to son & associat$ ) g5]ations ( fai? & piety4 ,week by week ! ,sabba? came ) its trans=m+ memories--! ,pr9cess ,sabba?1 = ,he9e 0 n ! fir/ to feel ! magic t at sunset on ,friday re/ores ! ,jew to ! halls ( 8 royal fa!r1 ! t5ts ( ,jacob4 ,e "o ( _! religi\s usages spoke irresi/ibly ( *ildhood4 ,:5 y\r *ildr5 %all say unto y ',:at mean ye by ?is s]vice1' ye %all say4441 s ran ! old law1 b9d+ e ,jew to 8 fa!r by ! de>e/ & /ronge/ ( all bonds4 ,to become a ,*ri/ian 0 ?us to be ali5at$ f ! commonweal? ( ,israel1 to r5\nce a fa!r's fai? & 8 home4 ,if ! pagan _h to suff] = 8 conv]sion1 ! ,jew's h]itage 0 nobl] & holi]1 & ! h>d] to =ego4 ,ev5 ! fri5dly ,jew pleads1 ,_c a man be sav$ :o tru/s 9 ,*ri/ & also keeps ! law--keeps x s f> z he #agb c "u ! conditions ( ! disp]sion1--! ,sabba?1 circumcision1 ! mon?s1 & c]ta9 wa%+s8#d ,sid5ote3 ,! ,jewi% attack on ,jesus ,b ?is 0 n all4 ,israel _h /ood = mono!ism & t n ! mono!ism ( ,greek philosophy1 a dogma ( ! s*ools consi/5t ) ! cults ( ,egypt & ,phrygia1 ) hi]odules & a deifi$ ,ant9\s4 ,! :ole nation _h be5 consecrat$ to ! wor%ip ( ,"o ,god1 a p]sonal ,god1 :o _h1 at lea/ :]e ,israel 0 conc]n$1 no h9t ( philosophic ,apa?y4 ,! ,jew 0 n[ ask$ by ! ,*ri/ian to admit a second ,god--a ,god beside ! ,creator 7allos !os p>a ton poiet5 ton holon#e7--;& su* a ,god6 ,! ,jews knew all ab\t ,jesus ( ,naz>e?--x 0 absurd to try to pass him (f ev5 z ! ,messiah4 ,sir1 said ,trypho1 ^! scriptures compel u to expect "o glori\s & great1 :o receives f '! ,anci5t ( ,days' ! 'et]nal ,k+dom' z ',son ( ,man'2 b ?is man ( y\rs--y\r s-call$ ,*ri/--0 unhon\r$ & +lori\s1 s t he actually fell "u ! extreme curse t is 9 ! law ( ,god2 = he 0 crucifi$4#f ,! :ole ?+ 0 a p>adox1 incapable ( pro(4#g ,x is an incr$ible ?+1 & almo/ impossible t y are try+ to prove--t ,god endur$ to be begott5 & to become a man4#h ,! ,jews _h a propag&a ( _! own ab\t ,jesus4 ,!y s5t emiss>ies f ,pale/9e to supply _! c\ntrym5 & pagans ) ! tru?4#i ,celsus imag9es a ,jew disput+ ) a ,*ri/ian1--a m life-l ,jew1 accord+ to ,h>nack1 ?an ,*ri/ian apologi/s draw1--& ! argum5ts he uses came f ,jewi% s\rces4 ,jesus 0 born1 !y said1 9 a village1 ! ba/>d *ild ( a peasant woman1 a poor p]son :o work$ ) h] h&s1 divorc$ by h] husb& 7:o 0 a c>p5t]7 = adult]y4#aj ,! fa!r 0 a soldi] call$ ,pan!ra4 ,z to ! ,*ri/ian /ory1 :at c\ld h attract$ ! att5tion ( ,god to h]8 ,0 %e pretty8 ,! c>p5t] at all ev5ts hat$ h] & ca/ h] out4#aa #agc 7,i d n ?9k ,i ne$ tr\ble ab\t ?is argum5t1 is all ,orig5 says47 ,:o saw ! dove1 or he>d ! voice f heav51 at ! baptism8 ,jesus suff]$ dea? 9 ,pale/9e = ! guilt he _h committ$ 7plemmelesanta74 ,he conv9c$ no "o :ile he liv$2 ev5 8 disciples betray$ him--a ?+ ev5 brig&s w\ld n h done by _! *ief--s f> 0 he f improv+ !m1 & s little gr\nd is !re = say+ t he =etold to !m :at he %\ld surf]4 ,he ev5 compla9$ ( ?ir/ on ! cross4 ,z = ! resurrection1 t re/s on ! evid5ce ( a mad woman 7p>oi/ros7--or "s o!r su* p]son among ! same set ( deceiv]s1 dream+1 or delud$1 or wi%+ to />tle ! re/ ) ! miracle1 & by a lie ( t k9d to give o!r impo/ors a lead4 ,does ! resurrection ( ,jesus at all diff] f ^? ( ,py?agoras or ,zamolxis or ,orpheus or ,h]akles--or d y ?9k t ! tales ( o!r m5 bo? are & seem my?s1 b t ! cata/rophe ( y\r play is a well-manag$ & plausible piece ( inv5tion--! cry ^u ! gibbet1 :5 he di$1 & ! e>?quake & ! d>kness8#ab ,! ,*ri/ians sy/ematically edit$ & alt]$ ! ,gospels to meet ! ne$s ( ! mom5t2#ac b ,jesus did n fulfil ! prophecies ( ! ,messiah--! prophets say he %all be great1 a dyna/1 "l ( all ! e>? & all its nations & armies4#ad ,!re are t5 ?\s& o!r m5 to :om ! prophecies are m applicable ?an to ,jesus1#ae & z _m :o 9 fr5zy claim to come f ,god4#af ,9 %ort ! :ole /ory ( ! ,*ri/ians re/s on no evid5ce t w /& inve/igation4 ,ev5 m5 :o w\ld refra9 f ! hot-temp]$ me?od ( controv]sy1 :i* ^! quotations reflect1 might well feel ! contra/ betwe5 ! hi/oric ,jesus & ! expect$ ,messiah--betwe5 ! prov$ failure ( ! cross & ! _w-empire ( a purifi$ & glori\s ,israel4 ,& :5 x 0 sugge/$ fur!r t ,jesus 0 ,god1 an efflu5ce com+ f ,god1 z light is lit by light--ev5 if ?is 7 true1 x w\ld seem t ! ,jew 0 ask$ to give up ! wor%ip ( ! ,"o ,god1 :i* he _h le>nt ( 8 fa!rs1 & to turn to a be+ n unlike ! pagan gods ar\nd him 9 e l&1 :o also1 _! apologi/s said1 came f ! #agd ,supreme1 & 7 8 emanations & m9i/]s & might !re=e be wor%ipp$4 ,?us ev]y?+ t 0 di/9ctive ( _! race & _! religion--! pa/ ( ,israel1 ! ,messiah & ! glori\s future1 ! beautiful symbols ( family religion1 & ! ,"o ,god ,himself--all 0 to be surr5d]$ by ! man :o became a ,*ri/ian4 ,we realize ! extraord9>y & compell+ =ce ( ! new religion1 :5 we rememb] t1 9 spite ( all to hold !m back1 !re 7 ^? :o made ! surr5d] & suff]$ ! loss ( all ?+s to w9 ,*ri/ & be f\nd 9 him4 ,paul h[ev] re/$1 z he said1 on revelation1 & ord9>y m51 :o 7 n consci\s ( any su* di/9ction1 :o mi/ru/$ !mselves & _! emotions1 & :o re/$ mo/ naturally ^u ! cumulative religi\s exp]i5ce ( _! race1 might well ask :e!r aft] all !y 7 "r 9 break+ ) a sacr$ pa/--:e!r1 ap>t f subjective gr\nds1 !re 7 any cle> w>rant f outside to enable !m to g =w>d4 ,! ,jew _h ( c\rse oracles ( ,god giv5 by inspiration 7!opneu/os#ag71 writt5 by holy m5 ( ,god1 mov$ by ! holy _s4 ,^! 7 8 w>rant4 ,"h circumcision1 ! ,sabba?1 ! ,passov]1 & all 8 religi\s life 0 def9itely & m9utely prescrib$ 9 :at 0 almo/1 l ! orig9al two tables1 ! autograph ( ! ,"o ,god4 ,! law _h its own hi/ory b\nd up ) t ( ! race1 & ! exp]i5ce & associations ( e new g5]ation made x m deeply awful & my/]i\s4 ,_h ! ,*ri/ian any law8 _h he any oracles1 ap>t f ! un9telligible glossolalies ( m5 possess$ 7en?\siontes78 ,:5 ,ju/9 spoke ( ! gifts ( ! ,_s1 ,trypho int]ject$1 ,i %\ld l y to "k t y are talk+ nons5se4#ah ,sid5ote3 ,! problem ,n unnaturally !n did m5 say to ,ignatius 7z we h se571 ,if ,i d n f9d x 9 ! anci5t docum5ts1 ,i d n believe x 9 ! gospel4 ,& :5 ,ignatius rejo9$1 ,x is writt52 ,t is ! problem1 said !y4#ai ,x 0 _! problem1 ?\gh x 0 n 84 ,= him ,judaism is a leav5 old & s\r1 & to use ! "n ( ,jesus ,*ri/ & yet obs]ve ,jewi% cu/oms is absurd 7atopon7 or really to confess we h n receiv$ grace4#bj ,8 docum5ts 7 #age ,jesus ,*ri/1 8 cross & dea? & resurrection1 & fai? ?r\gh him4 ,t is ! problem--c x be %[n f ! infallible ,hebrew ,scriptures t ! crucifi$ ,jesus is ! ,messiah ( prophecy1 t he is a ,god beside ! ,creator1 t ,sabba? & ,circumcision are to be sup]s$$1 t ,israel's cov5ant is tempor>y1 & t ! l>g] outlook ( ! ,*ri/ian is aft] all ! et]nal disp5sation ( :i* ! ,jewi% 0 a copy made = a "t8 ,if ?is c\ld be %[n1 x might 9 "s measure /op ! m\?s ( ho/ile ,jews1 & calm ! uneasy consci5ces ( ,jews & proselytes :o _h become ,*ri/ians4 ,& x might s]ve ano!r & a di/9ct purpose4 ,x 0 "o ( ! difficulties ( ! ,*ri/ian t 8 religion 0 a new ?+ 9 ! _w4 ,ar\nd him 7 m5 :o glori$ 9 anci5t lit]atures & hi/oric cults4 ,all ! support t m5 c d]ive f tradition & au?ority1 or ev5 f ! m]e fact ( hav+ a pa/ beh9d !m1 0 want+ to ! new fai?1 z its oppon5ts po9t$ out4 ,if1 by e/abli%+ 8 cont5tion aga9/ ! ,jew1 ! ,*ri/ian c\ld a*ieve ano!r end1 & c\ld demon/rate to ! ,greek t he too _h a hi/ory & a lit]ature1 t 8 religion 0 no m]e accid5t ( a day1 b 0 root$ 9 ! pa/1 t x _h be5 =etold by ,god himself1 & 0 "p ( ! div9e s*eme = ! de/9y ( mank9d1 !n1 re/+ on ! sure gr\nd ( ,provid5ce made pla91 he c\ld call ^u ! ,greek 9 8 turn to =sake 8 errors & sup]/itions = ! fir/ ( all religions1 :i* %\ld also be ! la/--! fai? ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,! "o me?od ?us s]v$ two ends4 ,ju/9 address$ an ,apology to ,anton9us ,pius1 & "o-half ( 8 book is occupi$ ) ! demon/ration t e major *>act]i/ic ( ,*ri/ianity _h be5 prophesi$ & 0 a fulfilm5t4 ,! ?irty *apt]s %[ :at weight ! %e] miracle ( ?is _h ) ! apologi/1 ?\gh1 if ! ,emp]or actually read ! ,apology1 x 0 probably 8 fir/ contact ) ,jewi% scripture4 ,"s diff]5ce ( treatm5t 0 necess>y1 accord+ z ! me?od 0 direct$ to ,jew or ,g5tile4 ,= ! ,jew x 0 axiomatic t ,scripture 0 ! ^w ( ,god1 &1 if he did n grant ! ,*ri/ian's po/ulate ( allegory1 he 0 )hold+ f an oppon5t :at _h be5 all[$ to ,philo4 #agf ,! ,greek w\ld probably all[ ! allegory1 & ! fir/ task 9 8 case 0 to %[ by *ronological reckon+ t ! great] prophets1 & above all ,moses1 ant$at$ ! bloom ( ,greek lit]ature1 & !n to draw ! inf]5ce t x 0 f ,hebrew s\rces t ! be/ ?\ghts ( ,hellas _h be5 d]iv$4 ,"h ! notori\s int]e/ ( e>ly ,greek ?9k]s 9 ,egypt help$ to e/abli% ! necess>y1 ?\gh r remote1 connexion4 ,:5 once ! priority ( ! ,hebrew prophets _h be5 prov$1 &1 by means ( allegory1 a co9cid5ce 7age by age m /rik+7 _h be5 e/abli%$ betwe5 prophecy & ev5t1 ! demon/ration 0 complete4 ,!re c\ld be only "o int]pretation ( su* facts4 ,a numb] ( ^! refutations ( ! ,jew survive f e>ly times4 ,ju/9's ,dialogue ) ,trypho is ! mo/ fam\s1 z x des]ves to be4 ,x op5s 9 a pleasant ,platonic /yle ) a *ance meet+ "o morn+ 9 a colonnade at ,ephesus4#ba ,trypho acco/s ! philosoph] ,ju/9--,:5 ,i see a man 9 y\r g>b1 ,i gladly approa* him1 & t is :y ,i spoke to y1 hop+ to he> some?+ pr(itable f y4 ,:5 ,trypho says he is a ,jew1 ,ju/9 asks 9 :at he expects to be m help$ by philosophy ?an by 8 own prophets & law-giv]4 ,is n all ! philosoph]s' talk ab\t ,god8 ,trypho asks4 ,ju/9 !n tells him ( 8 own w&]+s 9 philosophy1--h[ he w5t f s*ool to s*ool1 & at la/ 0 direct$ by an old man to read ! ,jewi% prophets1 & h[ a fire 0 k9dl$ 9 my s\l1 & a passion seiz$ me = ! prophets & ^? m5 :o are ,*ri/'s fri5ds2 & s1 discuss+ _! words ) myself1 ,i f\nd ?is philosophy alone to be safe & helpful4 ,& t is h[ & :y ,i am a philosoph]4#bb ,trypho smil$1 b1 :ile approv+ ,ju/9's ard\r 9 seek+ aft] ,god1 he add$ t he w\ld h done bett] to philosophize ) ,plato or "o ( ! o!rs1 practis+ endurance1 cont95ce & temp]ance1 ?an to be deceiv$ by lies & to foll[ m5 :o are wor?less4 ,!n ! battle beg9s1 & x is wag$ 9 a c\rte\s & k9dly _s1 z befits philosoph]s1 till aft] two days !y "p ) pray]s & goodwill = ea* o!r--,trypho unconv9c$4 ,o!r writ]s h less #agg skill1 & ! features ( dialogue are sadly :ittl$ away4 ,o!rs aga9 ab&on all pret5ce ( discussion & frankly gr\p _! matt] z a s*eme ( pro(-texts4 ,9 :at foll[s1 ,ju/9 %all be our *ief au?ority4 ,we may />t ) ! fir/ po9t t ,trypho raises4 ,if y w li/5 to me 7= ,i c\nt y a fri5d already71 fir/ ( all be circumcis$1 & !n keep1 9 ! traditional way1 ! ,sabba? & ! fea/s & new moons ( ,god1 &1 9 a ^w1 d all t is writt5 9 ! law1 & !n p]haps ,god w h m]cy ^u y4 ,z = ,*ri/1 if inde$ he has be5 born & already exi/s1 he is unkn[n--nay6 he does n ev5 "k himself yet1 nor has he any p[]1 till ,elijah come & ano9t him & make him manife/ to all m54 ,y p h accept$ an empty tale1 & are imag9+ a ,*ri/ = y\rselves1 & = ! sake ( him y are p]i%+ q aimlessly4#bc ,salvation1 accord+ to ! ,jew1 0 inconceivable outside ! pale ( ,judaism4 ,except ye be circumcis$1 ye _c be sav$1 m5 _h said 9 ,paul's "t4 ,paul's repudiation ( ?is ass]tion is to be read 9 8 ,epi/le to ! ,galatians--9 8 :ole life & m9d4 ,b g5ius su* z ,paul's 0 n to be f\nd 9 ! e>ly *ur*1 & m5 look$ outside ( !mselves = argum5ts to prove :at he _h se5 & kn[n ( 8 own exp]i5ce & insight4 ,sid5ote3 ,! lett] to ,diognetus ,"s apologi/s m]ely laugh$ at ! ,jew4 ,?us ! brilliant & w9some writ] kn[n only by 8 ,epi/le to ,diognetus has a %ort & ready way ( deal+ ) ,jewi% usages1 :i* is n conciliatory4 ,9 ! next place ,i ?9k y wi% to he> :y ,*ri/ians d n wor%ip 9 ! same way z ! ,jews4 ,n[ ! ,jews d well 9 ab/a9+ f ! mode ( s]vice ,i h describ$ paganism1 9 t !y claim to rev]5ce ,"o ,god ( ! univ]se & c\nt ,him _! ma/]2 b1 9 (f]+ ?is wor%ip to ,him 9 ! same way z ^? ,i h m5tion$1 !y g f> a/ray4 ,= ! ,greeks (f] ^? ?+s to s5seless & deaf images & s give an exhibition ( folly1 :ile ! ,jews--consid]+ !y are pres5t+ !m to ,god z if ,he _h ne$ ( !m--ought 9 all reason to c\nt x fool]y & n piety4 ,= ,he t made ! heav5 & ! e>? & all #agh t is 9 !m1 & gives freely to e "o ( u :at we ne$1 c\ld n ,himself ne$ any ( ! ?+s :i* ,he ,himself actually gives to ^? :o imag9e !y are giv+ !m to ,him4444 ,b aga9 ( _! n]v\sness 7psophodees7 ab\t meats1 & _! sup]/ition ab\t ! ,sabba?1 & ! quack]y 7aladoneia7 ( circumcision1 & ! pret5ce 7eironeia7 ( fa/s & new moons--ridicul\s & wor?less z x all is1 ,i d n suppose y wi% me to tell y4 ,= to accept "s ( ! ?+s :i* ,god has made = man's ne$ z well creat$1 & to reject o!rs z useless & sup]flu\s1 is x n rebellion 7a!mi/on78 ,to lie aga9/ ,god z if ,he =bade u to d good on ! ,sabba? day1 is n t impiety8 ,to brag t ! mutilation ( ! fle% is a pro( ( election--z if ,god specially lov$ !m = x--ridicul\s6 ,& t !y %\ld keep a look-out on ! />s & ! moon & s obs]ve mon?s & days & di/+ui% ! ord9ances ( ,god & ! *anges ( ! seasons1 z _! impulses prompt !m to make "s into fea/s & "s into times ( m\rn+--:o w\ld c\nt ?is a m>k ( piety t[>ds ,god & n mu* r ( folly8 ,t ,*ri/ians are "r to keep alo( f ! g5]al sill9ess & deceit ( ! ,jews1 _! fuss9ess & quack]y1 ,i ?9k y are well en\gh in/ruct$4 ,! my/]y ( _! own piety t[>ds ,god y mu/ n expect to be able to le>n f man4#bd ,?is 0 to deal ) ! di/9ctive usages ( ,judaism on g5]al pr9ciples & f a /&po9t outside x4 ,x w\ld d\btless be conv9c+ en\gh to m5 :o did n ne$ to be conv9c$1 b ( little weight ) ^? to :om ! ,scriptures meant ev]y?+4 ,accord+ly ! ,apologi/s w5t to ! ,scriptures & array$ _! evid5ce ) _s & sy/em4 ,we may beg91 z ! writ] to ,diognetus beg9s1 ) sacrifices4 ,"h ! ,apologi/s c\ld appeal to ! ,prophets1 :o _h spok5 ( sacrifice 9 no sp>+ t]ms4 ,t]tullian's fif? *apt] 9 8 book ,aga9/ ! ,jews pres5ts ! evid5ce %ortly & cle>ly4 ,i w give ! passages cit$ 9 a tabul> =m3-- #agi ,mala*i #a1 #aj3 ,i w n receive sacrifice f y\r h&s1 s9ce f ! ris+ sun to ! sett+ my "n is glorifi$ among ! ,g5tiles1 sai? ! ,"l ,almighty1 & 9 e place !y (f] pure sacrifices to my "n4 ,psalm #if1 #g3 ,(f] to ,god glory & hon\r1 (f] to ,god ! sacrifices ( 8 "n2 away ) victims 7tollite7 & ent] into 8 c\rt4 ,psalm #ea1 #ag3 ,a he>t contrite & humbl$ is a sacrifice = ,god4 ,psalm #ej1 #ad3 ,sacrifice to ,god ! sacrifice ( praise & r5d] ?y v[s to ! ,mo/ ,high4 ,isaiah #a1 #aa3 ,:]e=e to me ! multitude ( y\r sacrifices8 4444 ,:ole burnt (f]+s & y\r sacrifices & ! fat ( goats & ! blood ( bulls ,i w n 444 ,:o has s\ght ^! f y\r h&s8 ,ju/9 has o!r passages z decisive4 ,does n ,god say by ,amos 7#e1 #ba7 ,i hate1 ,i loa! y\r fea/s1 & ,i w n smell y\r (f]+s 9 y\r assemblies4 ,:5 ye (f] me y\r :ole burnt (f]+s & y\r sacrifices1 ,i w n receive !m1 & s =?1 9 a long passage quot$ at l5g?4 ,& aga9 ,j]emiah #g1 #ba-bb3 ,ga!r y\r fle% & y\r sacrifices & eat1 = nei!r conc]n+ sacrifices nor dr9k (f]+s did ,i comm& y\r fa!rs 9 ! day t ,i took !m by ! h& to lead !m out ( ,egypt4#be ,next z to circumcision & ! ,sabba?4 ,y ne$ a second circumcision1 says ,ju/91 & yet y glory 9 ! fle%2 ! new law bids y keep a p]petual ,sabba?1 :ile y idle = "o day & suppose y are pi\s 9 s do+2 y d n und]/& :y x 0 enjo9$ ^u y4 ,&1 if y eat unleav5$ bread1 y say y h fulfill$ ! w ( ,god4#bf ,ev5 by ,moses1 :o gave ! law1 ,god cri$ ,y %all circumcise ! h>dness ( y\r he>ts & /iff5 y\r necks no m2#bg & ,j]emiah long aft]w>ds said ! same m ?an once4#bh ,on ! ,sabba? "q1 ,t]tullian & ! o!rs di/+ui%$ two ,sabba?s1 an et]nal & a temporal1#bi cit+3-- #ahj ,isaiah #a1 #ad3 ,my s\l hates y\r sabba?s4 ,ezekiel #bb1 #h3 ,ye h pr(an$ my sabba?4 ,! ,jew is ref]r$ back to ! righte\s m5 ( e>ly days--,0 ,adam circumcis$1 or did he keep ! ,sabba?8 or ,abel1 or ,noah1 or ,eno*1 or ,mel*iz$ek8 ,did ,abraham keep ! ,sabba?1 or any ( ! patri>*s d[n to ,moses8#cj ,b1 rejo9s ! ,jew1 0 n ,abraham circumcis$8 ,w\ld n ! son ( ,moses h be5 /rangl$1 _h n 8 "m circumcis$ him8#ca ,sid5ote3 ,old law or new cov5ant ,to ?is ! ,*ri/ian _h sev]al replies4 ,circumcision 0 m]ely giv5 = a sign1 z is %[n by ! fact t a woman _c receive x1 = ,god has made wom5 z well able z m5 to d :at is j & "r4 ,!re is no righte\sness 9 be+ ( "o sex r ?an ( ! o!r4#cb ,circumcision !n 0 impos$ ^u ! ,jews to m>k y (f f ! re/ ( ! nations & f u1 t y alone might suff] :at n[ y are suff]+1 & s des]v$ly suff]+--t y\r l&s %\ld be desolate & y\r cities burnt ) fire1 t /rang]s %\ld eat y\r fruits be=e y\r faces1 & none ( y set 8 foot 9 ,j]usalem4 ,= 9 no?+ are y kn[n f o!r m5 ap>t f ! circumcision ( y\r fle%4 ,none ( y1 ,i suppose1 w v5ture to say t ,god did n =esee :at %\ld come to pass4 ,& x is all des]v$2 = y slew ! ,righte\s "o & 8 prophets be=e him2 & n[ y reject & di%on\r--s f> z y c--^? :o set _! hopes on him & on ! ,almighty ,god1 mak] ( all ?+s1 :o s5t him2 & 9 y\r synagogues y curse ^? :o believe on ,*ri/4#cc ,! ,sabba? 0 giv5 to rem9d ! ,jews ( ,god2 & re/rictions 7 laid on c]ta9 foods because ( ! ,jewi% proclivity to =sake ! k ( ,god4#cd ,9 g5]al1 all ^! comm&s 7 call$ = by ! s9s ( ,israel1#ce !y 7 signs ( judgm5t4 ,on ! o!r h& ! s-call$ ,b>nabas ma9ta9s t ! ,jews nev] _h und]/ood _! law at all4 ,fa/s1 fea/s #aha & sacrifices 7 prescrib$1 n lit]ally1 b 9 a spiritual s5se :i* ! ,jews _h miss$4 ,! taboos on meats 7 n prohibitions ( ! fle% ( weasels1 h>es & hya5as & s =?1 b 7 allegoric w>n+s aga9/ fle%ly lu/s1 to :i* anci5t zoologi/s & mod]n ,arabs h suppos$ ^! animals to be prone4#cf ,circumcision 0 meant1 z ! prophets %[$1 to be t ( ! he>t2 evil daemons _h misl$ ! ,jews into practis+ x ^u ! fle%4#cg ,! :ole ,jewi% disp5sation 0 a riddle1 & ( no value1 unless x is und]/ood z signify+ ,*ri/ianity4 ,?is l9e ( attack 0 op5 to ! criticism t x robb$ ! religi\s hi/ory ( ,israel ( all value :atev]1 & ! /rong] ,apologi/s d n take x4 ,!y w all[ ! ,jews to h be5 s f> "r 9 obs]v+ _! law1 b !y insi/ t x _h a high] s5se also1 :i* _h be5 ov]look$ except by ! great prophets4 ,! law 0 a s]ies ( types & %ad[s1 preci\s till ! sub/ance came1 :i* ! %ad[s =etold4 ,t !y 7 m]e %ad[s is %[n by ! fact t ,eno* walk$ ) ,god & ,abraham 0 ! fri5d ( ,god4 ,= ?is c\ld n h be51 if ! ,jewi% cont5tion 7 true t )\t ,sabba? & circumcision man _c please ,god4 ,o!rwise1 ei!r ! ,god ( ,eno* 0 n ! ,god ( ,moses--:i* 0 absurd2 or else ,god _h *ang$ 8 m9d z to "r & wrong--:i* 0 equally absurd4#ch ,no1 ! legislation ( ,moses 0 = a p & = a "t2 x 0 n = mank9d & et]nity4 ,x 0 a prophecy ( a new legislator1 :o %\ld repeal ! c>nal code & enact "o t %\ld be spiritual1 f9al & et]nal4#ci ,"h1 foll[+ ! writ] to ! ,hebrews1 ! ,apologi/s quote a great passage ( ,j]emiah1 ) ! advantage 7n always possible7 ( us+ x 9 ! true s5se 9 :i* x 0 writt54 ,behold6 ! days come1 sai? ! ,"l1 :5 ,i w make a new cov5ant ) ! h\se ( ,israel & ) ! h\se ( ,judah2 n t :i* ,i made ) _! fa!rs 9 ! day :5 ,i took !m by ! h& to lead !m out ( ,egypt2 :i* my cov5ant !y brake1 al?\gh ,i 0 an #ahb husb& unto !m1 sai? ! ,"l4 ,b ?is %all be ! cov5ant t ,i w make ) ! h\se ( ,israel3 ,aft] ^? days1 sai? ! ,"l1 ,i w put my law 9 _! inw>d p>ts & write x 9 _! he>ts1 & ,i w be _! ,god & !y %all be my p4#dj ,) ! law1 ! privilege ( ,israel passes away & ! day ( ! ,g5tiles comes4 ,x 0 =etold t ,israel w\ld n accept ,*ri/--_! e>s !y h clos$2#da !y h n kn[n nor und]/ood2#db :o is bl9d b my s]vants8#dc all ^! words %all be unto y z words ( a book t is seal$4#dd ,by ,isaiah ! prophet1 ,god1 kn[+ be=eh& :at y w\ld d1 curs$ y ?us2#de & ,ju/9 cites ,isaiah #c1 #i-ae1 & #e1 #ah-be4 ,leah is ! type ( ! synagogue & ( ! ,jewi% p & ,ra*el ( our *ur*2 ! eyes ( ,leah 7 weak1 & s are ! eyes ( y\r s\l--v weak4#df ,no less 0 x prophesi$ t ! ,g5tiles %\ld believe on ,*ri/--9 !e %all all tribes ( ! e>? be ble/2 ,behold6 ,i h manife/$ him z a witness to ! nations1 a pr9ce & a rul] to ! races4 ,races :i* knew !e n %all call ^u !e & peoples :o 7 ignorant ( !e %all take refuge ) !e4#dg ,by ,david ,he said ',a p ,i knew n has s]v$ me1 & he>k5$ to me ) ! he>+ ( ! e>4' ,let u1 ! ,g5tiles ga!r$ toge!r1 glorify ,god1 says ,ju/91 because he has visit$ u 444 = he is well pleas$ ) ! ,g5tiles1 & receives our sacrifices ) m pleasure ?an y\rs4 ,:at h ,i to d ) circumcision1 :o h ! te/imony ( ,god8 ,:at ne$ ( t baptism to me1 baptiz$ ) ! holy _s8 ,^! ?+s1 ,i ?9k1 w p]suade ev5 ! sl[ ( und]/&+4 ,= ^! are n argum5ts devis$ by me1 nor trick$ out by human skill1--nay6 ?is 0 ! !me ( ,david's lyre1 ?is ! glad news ,isaiah br\ght1 t ,ze*>iah proclaim$ & ,moses wrote4 ,d y recognize !m1 ,trypho8 ,!y are 9 y\r books--no6 n y\rs1 b ours--= we believe !m--& y1 :5 y #ahc read1 d n und]/& ! m9d t is 9 !m4#dh ,& ) t ,ju/9 passes on to discuss :e!r ,jesus is ! ,messiah4 ,su* a passage raises ! "q z to h[ f> he is report+ an actual conv]sation4 ,9 8 #hj? *apt] he says to ,trypho t he w make a book 7syntaxis7 ( _! conv]sation--( ! :ole ( x--to ! be/ ( 8 ability1 fai?fully record+ all t he conc$es to ,trypho4 ,probably he takes ,plato's lib]ty to develop :at 0 said--unless inde$ ! dialogue is f beg9n+ to end m]ely a lit]>y =m impos$ ^u a !sis4 ,9 t case1 x mu/ be own$ t ,ju/9 manages to give a consid]able sugge/ion ( life to ,trypho's words4 ,sid5ote3 ,jesus ! ,messiah ,b1 ev5 if ! law be tempor>y1 & ! ,sabba? spiritual1 if ,israel is to be reject$ & ! ,g5tiles *os51 we are /ill f> f be+ assur$ on ! w>rant ( ! ,old ,te/am5t t ,jesus is ! ,messiah1 :o %all accompli% ?is great *ange4 ,:y he r ?an any ( ! t5 ?\s& o!rs :o might mu* m plausibly be call$ ! ,messiah8#di ,to prove ! ,messiah%ip ( ,jesus1 a great sy/em ( ,old ,te/am5t citations 0 develop$1 ! orig9s ( :i* are lo/ to u4 ,paul c]ta9ly appli$ ,scripture to ,jesus 9 a free way ( 8 own1 ?\gh he is n m fanciful 9 quotation ?an 8 contempor>ies4 ,b he nev] s\ght to base ! ,*ri/ian fai? on a s*eme ( texts4 ,lactantius1 writ+ ab\t #cjj ,a4,d41 implies t ,jesus is ! au?or ( ! sy/em4 ,he abode =ty days ) !m & int]pret$ ! ,scriptures1 :i* up to t "t _h be5 obscure & involv$4#ej ,some?+ ( ! k9d is sugge/$ by ,luke 7#bd1 #bg74 ,b x is obvi\s t ! :ole me?od is q ali5 to ! m9d & /yle ( ,jesus1 9 spite ( quotations 9 ! ve9 ( ! apologi/s :i* ! evangeli/s "h & !re h attribut$ to him4 ,we may discov] two great canons 9 ! op]ations ( ! ,apologi/s4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 !y seek to %[ t all ?+s prophesi$ ( ! ,messiah 7 fulfill$ 9 ,jesus ( ,naz>e?2 &1 secondly1 t ev]y?+ :i* befel ,jesus 0 prophesi$ ( ! ,messiah4 ,^! canons ne$ only to be /at$ to %[ ! %e] impossibility ( ! ent]prise to #ahd anyone :o atta*es mean+ to words4 ,b 9 ! e>ly c5turies ( our era !re 0 little disposition ) ,jew or ,greek to d ?is :]e ^? books 7 conc]n$1 ^: age & beauty gave !m a peculi> hold ^u ! m9d4 ,9 ea* case ! preconception _h gr[n up1 z ab\t ! my?s ( ,isis1 = example1 t su* books 7 9 "s way sacr$ & inspir$4 ,! !ory gave m5 an ext]nal au?ority1 b x pres5t$ "s difficulties2 =1 bo? 9 ,hom] & 9 ,g5esis z 9 ! ,egyptian my?s1 !re 7 /ories repugnant to e idea ( ! div9e nature :i* a philosophic m9d c\ld ent]ta94 ,!y 7 expla9$ away by ! allegoric me?od4 ,plut>* %[s h[ ! grosse/ features ( ! ,isis leg5d h subtle & spiritual mean+s & 7 nev] meant to be tak5 lit]ally--t ! my?s are logoi 9 fact2 & ,philo v9dicates ! ,old ,te/am5t 9 ! same way4#ea ,! :ole proc$ure 0 haphaz>d & unsci5tific2 x closely resembl$ ! pr9ciples us$ by ,artemidorus = ! int]pretation ( dreams--a pa9ful analogy4 ,b1 9 ! abs5ce ( any k9d ( hi/oric s5se1 x 0 p]haps ! only way 9 :i* ! cont9uity ( religi\s ?\ght c\ld !n be ma9ta9$4 ,x is n surpris+ 9 view ( ! preval5ce ( allegory t ! ,*ri/ians us$ x--!y c\ld h>dly d any?+ else4 ,?us ) ! fatal aid ( allegory1 ! d\ble !sis ( ! ,apologi/s became easi] & easi] to ma9ta94 ,! mo/ accessible illu/ration ( ?is l9e ( apology is to be f\nd 9 ! second *apt] ( ,mat!w4 ,we may set out 9 p>allel columns ! ev5ts 9 ! life ( ,jesus & ! prophecies :i* !y fulfil4 7a7 ,! ,virg9-,bir?4 ,isaiah #g1 #ad3 ,behold a virg9 %all conceive4 7b7 ,be?lehem4 ,micah #e1b3 ,& ?\1 ,be?lehem1 etc4 7c7 ,! ,flight into ,egypt4 ,hosea #aa1 #a3 ,out ( ,egypt h ,i call$ my son4 7d7 ,! ,murd] ( ! *ildr54 ,j]em4 #ca1 #ae3 ,ra*el weep+4 7e7 ,naz>e?4 ,judges #ac1 #e3 ,a ,naz>5e4 #ahe ,x is h>dly unfair to say t ! man :o cit$ ^! passages 9 ^! connexions _h no idea :atev] ( _! orig9al mean+1 ev5 :]e he quotes !m correctly4 ,"h is a full] s*eme tak5 f ! ,apology :i* ,ju/9 address$ to ! ,emp]or ,anton9us ,pius4 7,! numb]s on ! left ref] to ! *apt] 9 ! fir/ ,apology47 #cb4 ,jesus ,*ri/ =etold by ,g54 #di1 #aj f3 7! bless+ ,judah74 ( ,moses4 ,numb]s #bd1 #ag3 ,!re %all dawn a />1 etc4 ,jesus ,*ri/ =etold by ,isaiah #aa1 i3 ! rod ( ,jesse1 ,isaiah4 etc4 #cc4 ,jesus ,*ri/ to be born ,is4 #g1 #ad3 7! sign to ( a virg94 ,ahaz74 #cd4 ,jesus ,*ri/ to be born at ,micah #e1 #b3 ,?\1 ,be?lehem1 ,be?lehem4 etc4 #ce4 ,! triumphal entry into ,ze*4 #i1 #i3 ,?y k+ come? ,j]usalem4 rid+ on an ass1 etc4 ,! ,crucifixion3 ! ,cross4 ,is4 #i1f3 ,! gov]nm5t ^u 8 %\ld]s4 ,is4 #fe1 #b3 ,i h /ret*$ out my h&s1 etc4 ,! ,crucifixion3 ! ,is4 #eh1 #b3 ,!y ask me = mock]y4 judgm5t1 etc4 ,! ,crucifixion3 ! nails ,psalm #bb1 #af1 #ah3 ,!y & ! ca/+ ( lots4 pi]c$ my feet & my h&s2 !y ca/ lots ^u my raim5t4 #ch4 ,! ,crucifixion3 ! ,is4 #ej1 #f-h3 ,i gave my back sc\rg+4 to ! la%es & my *eeks to bl[s1 etc4 ,! ,crucifixion3 ! ,ps4 #bb1 #g3 !y wagg$ ! mock+4 head1 say+1 etc4 ,! ,crucifixion3 ! ,ps4 #c1 #e3 ,i slept & slumb]$ resurrection4 & ,i rose up 7ane/57 because ! ,"l laid hold ( me4 #ahf #ci4 ,! s5d+ ( ! twelve ,is4 #b1 #c f43 ,out ( ,sion %all ,apo/les4 g =? ! law4 #dj4 ,! proclamation ( ! ,ps4 #ai1 #b-e3 ,day unto day1 ,gospel4 etc4 ,*ri/1 ,pilate1 ! ,jews ,psalms #a & #b3 cit$ 9 & ,h]od4 ext5so4 #da4 ,*ri/ to reign aft] ! #a ,*ron4 #af1 #bc1 #be-ca3 7a ,crucifixion4 psalm74 ,cf4 ,ps4 #if1 i1 #b1 #d-aa1 ) end+3 ,! ,"l ha? reign$ f ! tree4 #de4 ,! ,asc5sion4 ,ps4 #aaj1 #a-c3 ,sit ?\ at my "r h&1 etc4 #dg4 ,! desolation ( ,j]usalem4 ,is4 #fd1 #aj-ab3 ,sion has become des]t1 etc4 ,is4 #a1 #g1 & ,j]4 #ej1 #c3 ,_! l& is des]t4 #dh4 ,! miracles ( ,*ri/4 ,is4 #ce1 #e1 #f3 ,! lame %all leap 444 ! dead %all rise & walk1 etc4 ,*ri/'s dea?4 ,is4 #eg1 #a f43 ,behold1 h[ ! ,j ,man has p]i%$1 etc4 #di4 ,! ,g5tiles to f9d ,*ri/ ,is4 #fe1 #a-c3 ,i 0 visible to b n ! ,jews4 !m t ask$ n = me 444 ,i spread out my h&s to a disob$i5t p4 #ej4 ,*ri/'s humiliation & ,is4 #ec1 #ab3 ,= t !y gave ! glori\s second 8 s\l to dea? 444 he adv5t4 %all be exalt$4 ,is4 #eb1 #ac-ec1 #h3 444 he 0 w\nd$1 etc4 #ea4 ,8 suff]+s1 orig91 ,is4 #ec1 #h-ab4 reign & asc5sion4 ,8 second com+4 ,j]emiah ,daniel #g1 #ac1 z x 7 a son ( man come? ^u ! cl\ds & 8 angels ) him4 #ahg #eb4 ,! f9al resurrection4 ,ezek4 #cg1 #g-h3 ,bone %all be jo9$ to bone4 ,is4 #de1 #bc3 ,e knee %all b[ to ! ,"l4 ,is4 #ff1 #bd3 ,! worm %all n sleep nor ! fire be qu5*$4 ,also a composite quotation ) phrases m+l$ f ,isaiah & ,ze*>iah1 attribut$ to ! latt]4 #ec4 ,m ,g5tiles ?an ,jews ,is4 #ed1 #a3 ,rejoice1 ,o b>r51 w believe4 etc4 ,isaiah ,j]em4 #i1 #bf3 ,israel uncircumcis$ 9 he>t4 #fj4 ,! ,cross =etold 9 ! ,num4 #ba1 #h3 ,if ye look at ?is braz5 s]p5t4 type7typo7 ,i believe ye %all be sav$ 9 x 7en auto74 #fa4 ,baptism4 ,is4 #a1 #af3 ,wa% y 444 ,i w :it5 z wool4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,god beside ! ,creator ,:at 9 ! ,apology is a b>e outl9e1 is develop$ at great l5g? & ) amaz+ +5uity 9 ! dialogue ) ,trypho4 ,we may beg9 ) ! "q ( a ,god beside ! ,creator4 ,:5 ,moses wrote 9 ,g5esis 7#a1 #bf7 ,& ,god said1 ',let u make man 9 our image aft] our lik5ess1' & aga9 7#c1 #bb7 ,& ! ,"l ,god said1 ',behold ! man is become z "o ( u1'#eb :y did he use ! plural1 unless !re is a ,god beside ,god8 ,aga91 :5 ,sodom is de/roy$ :y does ! holy text say ,! ,"l ra9$ ^u ,sodom & ,gomorrha sulphur & fire f ! ,"l f heav58#ec ,& aga9 9 ! ,psalms 7#aaj7 :at is meant by ,! ,"l said unto my ,"l8#ed & by ,?y ?rone1 ,o ,god1 is = ev] & ev] 444 !re=e ,god1 ?y ,god1 ha? ano9t$ !e ) ! oil ( gladness above ?y fell[s8#ee ,! ,old ,te/am5t ab\nds 9 !ophanies1 :i* are #ahh br\ght up 9 turn4 ,ju/9 cites ! ?ree m5 :o appe>$ to ,abraham--!y 7 angels1 says ,trypho1 & a long argum5t foll[s to %[ f ! passage t "o ( !m is n to be expla9$ z an angel1#ef nor ( c\rse z ! ,creator ( all ?+s4 ,trypho owns ?is4 ,ju/9 pauses at 8 sugge/ion to discuss ! meal :i* ,abraham _h s]v$1 b is soon caught up ) ! words3 ,n[1 come1 %[ u t ?is ,god :o appe>$ to ,abraham & is ! s]vant ( ,god1 ! ,mak] ( all1 0 born ( a virg91 & became1 z y said1 a man ( l passions ) all m54 ,b ,ju/9 has m evid5ce to unfold be=e he rea*es t /age4 ,)\t foll[+ ! discussion z x sways f po9t to po9t1 we may take ! passage 9 :i* he recapitulates ?is l9e ( argum5t4 ,i ?9k ,i h said en\gh1 s t1 :5 my ,god says ',god w5t up f ,abraham1' or ',! ,"l spoke to ,moses1' or ',! ,"l desc5d$ to see ! t[] :i* ! sons ( m5 _h built1' or ',! ,"l %ut ! ark ( ,noah f )\t1' y w n suppose ! unbegott5 ,god ,himself w5t d[n or w5t up4 ,= ! ineffable ,fa!r & ,"l ( all nei!r comes any:]e1 nor 'walks' z 9 ! g>d5 ( ,ed51 nor sleeps1 nor rises1 b abides 9 8 own region :]ev] x is1 see+ ke5ly & he>+ ke5ly1 b n ) eyes or e>s1 b by p[] unspeakable2 & he surveys all ?+s & kn[s all ?+s1 & none ( u escapes 8 notice2 nor does he move1 nor c space conta9 him1 no1 nor ! :ole univ]se1 him1 :o 0 be=e ! univ]se 0 made4#eg ,sid5ote3 ,! virg9-bir? ,:o !n 0 x :o walk$ 9 ! g>d51 :o wre/l$ ) ,jacob1 :o appe>$ 9 arms to ,jo%ua1 :o spoke ) ,moses & ) ,abraham1 :o %ut ,noah into ! ark1 :o 0 ! f\r? figure 9 ! fi]y furnace8 ,scripture gives u a key4 ,c ! ,jew say1 :o x is :om ,ezekiel calls ! angel ( great c\nsel2 & ! man2 :om ,daniel describes z ! ,son ( man2 :om ,isaiah call$ *ild1 & ,david ,*ri/ & ,god ador$2 :om ,moses call$ ,joseph & ,jacob & ! />2 :om ,ze*>iah call$ ! day/>2 :om #ahi ,isaiah aga9 call$ ! suff]] 7pa!tos71 ,jacob & ,israel2 :om o!rs h nam$ ! ,rod1 ! ,fl[]1 ! ,*ief ,corn]-/one & ! ,son ( ,god8#eh ,! answ] is m cle>ly giv5 by ,solomon 9 ! eigh? *apt] ( ,prov]bs--x is ! ,div9e ,wisdom1 to :om all ^! names apply4 ,:5 x is said ,let u make man1 x is to be und]/ood t ! ,ineffable communicat$ 8 design to 8 ,wisdom1 8 ,logos or ,son1 & ! ,son made man4 ,! ,son ra9$ ^u ,sodom ! fire & brim/one f ! ,fa!r4 ,x 0 ! ,son :o appe>$ to m5 9 all ! _m passages cit$--! ,son1 ,*ri/ ! ,"l1 ,god & ,son ( ,god--insep>able & unsev]able f ! ,fa!r1 ,8 ,wisdom & ,8 ,^w & ,8 ,might 7dynamis74#ei ,b1 :ile all ?is might be accept$ by a ,jew1 x /ill seem$ to ,trypho t x 0 p>adoxical1 & fooli%1 too1 to say t ,*ri/ c\ld be ,god be=e all ! ages1 & !n tol]ate to be born a man1 & yet n a man ( m54 ,! (f5ce ( ! ,cross also rema9$4 ,! ,apologi/ began by expla9+ ! my/]ies ( ! two com+s ( ,*ri/1 fir/ 9 humiliation1 & aft]w>ds 9 glory1 z ,jacob prophesi$ 9 8 la/ words4#fj ,= ! ,fir/ ,com+ ,t]tullian quotes ,isaiah--he is l$ z a %eep to ! slaught]2 & ! ,psalms--made a little l[] ?an ! angels1 a worm & n a man2 :ile ! ,second ,com+ is to be read ( 9 ,daniel & ! =ty-fif? ,psalm1 & 9 ! m awful passage ( ,ze*>iah & !n !y %all "k him :om !y pi]c$4#fa ,! pas*al lamb is a type ( ! ,fir/ ,com+--especially z x 0 to be roa/$ :ole & truss$ l a cross2 & ! two goats ( ,leviticus 7#af7 are types ( ! two ,com+s4#fb ,& n[1 says ,ju/91 ,i took up ! argum5t aga9 to %[ t he 0 born ( a virg91 & t x _h be5 prophesi$ by ,isaiah t he %\ld be born ( a virg92 & ,i aga9 recit$ ! prophecy itself4 ,?is is x3 ',& ! ,"l said moreov] unto ,ahaz1 say+3 ',ask = ?yself a sign f ! ,"l ?y ,god 9 ! dep? or 9 ! height4 ,& ,ahaz #aij said3 ,i w n ask nor tempt ! ,"l4 ,& ,isaiah said3 ,he> ye !n1 ,o h\se ( ,david6 ,is x a little ?+ ) y to /rive ) m58 & h[ w ye /rive ) ! ,"l8 ,!re=e %all ! ,"l himself give y a sign4 ,behold1 ! virg9 %all conceive & be> a son1 & !y %all call 8 "n ,emmanuel4 ,butt] & honey %all he eat4 ,be=e he %all ei!r h k or *oose evil1 he %all *oose good2 because1 be=e ! *ild kn[s evil or good1 he refuses evil to *oose good4 ,because1 be=e ! *ild kn[s to call fa!r or "m1 he %all take ! p[] ( ,damascus & ! spoils ( ,sam>ia be=e ! ,k+ ( ! ,assyrians4 ,& ! l& %all be tak51 :i* ?\ %alt be> h>dly f be=e ! face ( two k+s4 ,b ,god w br+ ^u !e1 & ^u ?y p1 & ^u ! h\se ( ?y fa!r1 days :i* h nev] come1 f ! day :5 ,ephraim remov$ f ,judah ! ,k+ ( ! ,assyrians4' ,& ,i add$1 ',t1 9 ! family ( ,abraham accord+ to ! fle%1 none has ev] yet be5 born ( a virg91 or spok5 ( z s born1 except our ,*ri/1 is manife/ to all4' ,x may be not$ t ! passage is n only misquot$1 b is a comb9ation ( clauses f two di/9ct *apt]s4#fc ,! explanation is p]haps t ,ju/9 f\nd x s 9 a manual ( pro(-texts & did n consult ! orig9al4 ,simil> misquotations 9 o!r au?ors h sugge/$ ! same explanation4 ,trypho rejo9$3 ',! scripture has n3 ,behold ! virg9 %all conceive & be> a son2 b3 ,behold ! "y woman %all conceive & be> a son3 & ! re/ z y said4 ,! :ole prophecy 0 spok5 ( ,hezekiah & 0 fulfill$ ( him4 ,9 ! my?s ( ! ,greeks x is said t ,p]seus 0 born ( ,danae1 :5 %e 0 a virg9--aft] _! s-call$ ,zeus _h come ^u h] 9 ! =m ( gold4 ,y ought to be a%am$ to tell ! same /ory z !y d4 ,y w\ld d bett] to say ?is ,jesus 0 born a man ( m51 &--if y %[ f ! ,scriptures t he is ! ,*ri/--say t x 0 by 8 lawful & p]fect life t he 0 c\nt$ wor?y ( be+ *os5 z ,*ri/4 ,don't talk miracles ( t k9d1 or y w be prov$ to talk folly beyond ev5 t ( ! ,greeks4'#fd ,trypho has ! ,hebrew text beh9d him1 :i* says #aia no?+ ab\t a virg91 ?\gh ! ,septuag9t has ! ^w4 ,! sign giv5 to ,ahaz has a close p>allel 9 a prophecy ( ,muhammad4 ,be=e he became kn[n1 an old man =etold t a great prophet %\ld come1 & on be+ *all5g$ = a sign he po9t$ to a boy ly+ 9 rugs by ! camp-fire--,t boy %\ld see ! prophet2 & he did4 ,isaiah's sign is mu* ! same2 a "y woman %all conceive & h a son1 & be=e t son is two or ?ree ye>s old1 ,damascus & ,syria w fall be=e ! ,k+ ( ,assyria4 ,b ,ju/9 & ! ,apologi/s are n to be div]t$4 ,z = ,danae1 ! ,devil 7diabolos7 has !re anticipat$ ! fulfilm5t ( ,god's prophecy1 z 9 _m o!r in/ances1 e4g43--,dionysus rode an ass1 he rose f ! dead & asc5d$ to heav52 ,h]akles is a p>ody ( ! v]se 9 ,psalm xix--! /rong man rejoic+ to run a race1 a ,messianic text2 ,a,esculapius rais$ ! dead2 & ! cave ( ,mi?ras is ,daniel's /one cut )\t h&s f ! great m\nta9s4 ,i d n believe y\r tea*]s2 !y w n admit t ! sev5ty eld]s ( ,ptolemy1 ,k+ ( ,egypt1 translat$ well1 b !y try to translate = !mselves4 ,& ,i %\ld l y to "k t !y h cut _m passages out ( ! v]sions made by ,ptolemy's eld]s :i* prove expressly t ?is man1 :o 0 crucifi$1 0 prophesi$ ( z ,god & man1 crucifi$ & sla94 ,i "k t all y\r race d5y ?is2 s1 9 discussions ( ?is k9d ,i d n quote ^? passages1 b ,i h rec\rse to su* z come f :at y /ill ackn[l$ge4#fe ,! objection to ! r5d]+ "y woman is t x completely nullifies ! sign giv5 to ,ahaz1 = *ildr5 are born ( "y wom5 e day--:at w\ld really be a sign & w\ld give confid5ce to mank9d1--to wit1 t ! fir/born ( all creations %\ld take fle% & really be born a *ild ( a virg9 womb--t 0 :at he proclaim$ be=eh& by ! prophetic _s4#ff ,! :ole /ory is p>able4 ,x w\ld be absurd to suppose t an infant c\ld be a w>rior & r$uce great /ates4 ,! spoils are really ! gifts ( ! ,magi1 z is indicat$ by passages 9 ,ze*>iah 7he %all ga!r all ! /r5g? ( ! peoples r\nd ab\t1 gold & silv]1 #ad1 #ad7 & ! sev5ty second ,psalm 7,k+s ( ! ,arabs & ( ,saba %all br+ #aib gifts to him2 & to him %all be giv5 gold f ! ,ea/74 ,sam>ia aga9 is a common synonym ) ! prophets = idolatry4 ,damascus means ! revolt ( ! ,magi f ! evil daemon :o misdirect$ _! arts to evil4 ,! ,k+ ( ,assyria /&s1 says ,ju/91 = ,k+ ,h]od1 & s says ,t]tullian1 writ+ aga9/ ,m>cion1 ?\gh 9 ! tract ,aga9/ ! ,jews 7if x is ,t]tullian's7 he says ! devil is int5d$4#fg ,! usual passages f ,micah & ,j]emiah are cit$ to add ,be?lehem & ! ,murd] ( ! infants to ! prophetic /ory4 ,at ?is ,trypho1 ) "s h9t ( annoyance1 b ov]aw$ by ! ,scriptures1 z 8 face %[$1 said to me3 ',god's words are holy1 b y\r expositions or translations are artificial--or blasphem\s1 ,i %\ld say4'#fh ,to complete ! pro(1 x is %[n t ! v "n ( ,jesus 0 =etold4 ,:5 ,moses *ang$ ! "n ( 8 successor f ,auses to ,jesus1 x 0 a prophecy1 z ,scripture %[s4 ,! ,"l said unto ,moses3 ,say to ?is p1 ,behold ,i s5d my angel be=e ?y face t he may gu>d !e 9 ! way1 t he may lead !e into ! l& t ,i h prep>$ = !e4 ,give he$ unto him 444 = he w n let !e g1 = my "n is 9 him4#fi ,?is is confirm$ by ,ze*>iah's acc\nt ( ! ,high ,prie/ ,jo%ua4 ,fur!rmore1 ! *ronology ( ! book ( ,daniel1 :5 c>efully work$ out1 proves to h conta9$ ! pr$iction ( ! precise date at :i* ,*ri/ %\ld come1 & at t precise date ,*ri/ came4 ,b>nabas discov]s ano!r prophecy ( ,jesus 9 an unlikely place4 ,le>n1 *ildr5 ( love1 he says1 t ,abraham1 :o fir/ gave circumcision1 look$ =w>d 9 _s unto ,jesus1 :5 he circumcis$1 = he receiv$ dogmata 9 ?ree lett]s4 ,= x sai?3 ,& ,abraham circumcis$ ( 8 h\se m5 #ah & #cjj4 ,:at !n 0 ! k giv5 unto him8 ,m>k t x says #ah fir/1 & !n aft] a pause #cjj4 #ah ,,ih 9 ,greek notation !re ?\ ha/ ,jesus4 ,& because ! cross 9 ,t #cjj 9 ,greek notation 0 to h grace1 x #aic sai? #cjj z well4 ,x %[s ,jesus 9 ! two lett]s1 & 9 ! "o ! cross4#gj ,we n[ rea* ! prophecies ( ! cross1 &1 z ! me?od is pla91 a few ref]5ces may suffice1 tak5 ?is "t f ,t]tullian 7c4 #aj73-- ,g5esis #bb1 #f3 ,isaac c>ry+ ! wood = ! sacrifice ( himself4 ,g5esis #cg1 #bh3 ,joseph sold by 8 bre?r54 ,deut]onomy #cc1ag3 ,moses' bless+ ( ,joseph4 7,! unicorn's horns1 ) "s arrangem5t1 =m a cross3 cf4 ,psalm #bb74 ,exodus #ag1 #aa3 ,moses ) 8 arms spread wide4 ,numb]s #ba1 #i3 ,! braz5 s]p5t4 ,psalm #if1 #aj3 ,! ,"l ha? reign$ f ! tree1 e ligno 7?\gh ! ,jews h cut out ! la/ words74 ,isaiah #i1 #f3 ,! gov]nm5t ^u 8 %\ld]4 ,j]emiah #aa1 #ai3 ,let u ca/ wood 7lignum7 into 8 bread4 ,isaiah #ec1 #h1 #i3 ,= ! transgression ( my p is he /rick5 444 & 8 sepulture is tak5 f ! mid/ 7i4e4 ! resurrection74 ,amos #h1 #i3 ,i w cause ! sun to g d[n at noon4 ,= a long "t be=e ,ju/9 0 done ) 8 exposition1 ,trypho 0 sil5t--! bett] "p1 p]haps1 9 all controv]sy4 ,at la/1 writes ,ju/91 ,i f9i%$4 ,trypho said no?+ = a :ile1 & !n he said1 ',y see1 we came to ! controv]sy unprep>$4 ,/ill1 ,i own1 ,i am greatly pleas$ to h met y1 & ,i ?9k my fri5ds h ! same feel+4 ,= we h f\nd m ?an we expect$1--or anyone c\ld h expect$4 ,if we c\ld d x at m l5g?1 we might be bett] pr(it$ by look+ into ! passages !mselves4 ,b1 s9ce y are on ! po9t ( sail+ & expect to emb>k e day n[1--be sure y ?9k ( u z fri5ds1 if y g4'#ga ,s1 ) k9dly feel+s1 ,trypho w5t away unconv9c$4 ,& !re 7 o!rs1 z cle> ( m9d1 :o 7 z little conv9c$1--,m>cion1 = in/ance1 & ,celsus4 ,! m reasonable among ,jews & ,*ri/ians1 says ,celsus1 try to allegorize !m ! ,scriptures1 b !y are beyond be+ #aid allegoriz$ & are no?+ b %e] my?ology ( ! sillie/ type4 ,! suppos$ allegories t h be5 made are m disgraceful ?an ! my?s & m absurd1 9 _! endeav\r to /r+ toge!r :at nev] c 9 any way be h>moniz$--x is folly positively wond]ful = its utt] want ( p]ception4#gb ,! mod]n read] may n be s ready z ,orig5 0 to sugge/ t ,celsus probably _h ,philo 9 m9d4#gc ,sid5ote3 ,results ,x is cle> t1 9 ! endeav\r to give ,*ri/ianity a hi/orical backgr\nd & a prophetic w>rant1 ! ,apologi/s lo/ all p]spective4#gd ,! compell+ p]sonality ( ,jesus rec$$ beh9d ! vague figure ( ! ,*ri/ ( prophecy2 &1 9 _! pre-occupation ) :at !y !mselves call$ types & %ad[s1 m5 /epp$ out ( ! sunlight into ! %ade & h>dly notic$ ! *ange4 ,yet !re is /ill among ! be/ ( !m ! note ( love ( ,jesus--d n speak evil ( ! crucifi$1 pleads ,ju/91 nor mock at 8 /ripes1 :]eby all may be heal$1 z we h be5 heal$4#ge ,& aft] all x 0 an in/9ct = ! tru? & univ]sal significance ( ,jesus t c>ri$ !m away4 ,he mu/ be et]nal2 & !y1 l ! m5 ( _! day1 ?\ght mu* ( ! beg9n+ & ! end ( creation1 & p]haps f\nd x easi] ?an we d1--c]ta9ly m natural1--to frame s*emes "u :i* ! ,et]nal ,m9d might manife/ itself4 ,es*atology1 purpose1 =ekn[l$ge1 p]vade _! religi\s ?\ght1 & !y speak ) a confid5ce :i* ! c5turies s9ce ! ,r5aissance h made m & m impossible = u1 :o f9d x h>d en\gh to be sure ( ! fact )\t adv5tur+ ourselves 9 ! possibilities t lie ar\nd x4 ,none ! less ! c5tre ( int]e/ 0 ! same = !m z = u--:at is ! significance ( ,jesus ( ,naz>e?8 ,= !m ! facts ( 8 life & ( 8 m9d _h (t5 less value ?an ! fancy t !y fulfill$ prophecy2 ,celsus said outright t ! ,*ri/ians alt]$ !m1 & !re is "s evid5ce t1 9 ! accommodation ( prophecy & hi/ory1 #aie ! latt] 0 sometimes ov]-develop$4 ,= u1 ! dang] is ! opposite2 we risk los+ sight ( ! et]nal significance 9 our ne$ ( see+ cle>ly ! hi/oric l9eam5ts4 ,9 ! conflict ( religions1 ,*ri/ianity _h fir/ to face ,judaism1 &1 ?\gh ! enc\nt] left its record ^u ! conqu]+ fai?1 x secur$ its fre$om f ! yoke ( ! pa/4 ,x ga9$ backgr\nd & ! broad5+ ( ! hi/oric imag9ation4 ,x made ! prophets & psalmi/s ( ,israel a p]man5t & integral "p ( ,*ri/ian lit]ature--& 9 all ^! ways x became m fit to be ! fai? ( mank9d1 z x deep5$ its hold ^u ! univ]sal religi\s exp]i5ce4 ,yet x did s at ! co/ ( a false me?od :i* has hamp]$ x = c5turies1 & ( a dep>ture 7= too long a "t7 f ! simplicity & c&\r ( ! m9d ( ,jesus4 ,9 seek+ to recov] t m9d to-day we commit ourselves to ! belief t x is suffici5t1 & t1 :5 we h rid ourselves ( all t 9 ! c\rse ( ages has obscur$ ! great p]sonality1 9 proportion z we rega9 8 po9t ( view1 we %all f9d once m 79 ! words ( a f> di/ant age7 t 8 _s w guide u into all tru?4 ,*apt] ,,vi ,footnotes3 #a ,ju/91 ,trypho1 c4 #ag2 ,t]t4 adv4 ,jud4 #ac4 #b ,psalm4 ,solom4 xvii1 #bg-ce4 ,ed4 ,ryle & ,james4 #c ,assumption ( ,moses1 x1 #h-aj1 tr4 ,r4 ,h4 ,*>les4 ,geh5na is a re/oration :i* seems probable1 ! ,lat9 9 t]ram repres5t+ :at 0 left ( ! ^w 9 ,greek4 ,see ,dr ,*>les' note4 #d ,ju/91 ,trypho1 #df1 #dg4 ,! "q is /ill ask$2 ,i h he>d x ask$4 #e ,ju/91 ,trypho1 #ej4 #f ,ju/91 ,trypho1 #cb2 ! quotations are f ,daniel4 #g ,ju/91 ,trypho1 #dh4 #h ,ju/91 ,trypho1 #fh4 #i ,ju/91 ,trypho1 #ag1 #ajh4 #aj ,cf4 ,t]t4 de ,spect4 #cj1 fabri aut quae/u>iae filius4 #aa ,orig51 c4 ,cels4 i1 #bh1 #cb1 #ci4 ,! beauty ( ! woman is an elem5t 9 ! /ories ( ,greek demi-gods4 #ab c4 ,cels4 ii1 #ee4 #ac ii1 #bg4 #ad ii1 #bi4 #ae ii1 #bh4 #af i1 #ej4 #ag #b ,tim4 #h1 #ae4 #ah ,trypho1 #ci4 #ai ,ign4 ,philad4 #h1 #b4 #bj ,ign4 ,magn4 #aj1 #c2 #h1 #a4 #ba ,s says ,eusebius1 ,e4,h4 iv1 #ah4 ,ju/9 does n "n ! city4 #bb ,trypho1 #h4 #bc ,ju/91 ,trypho1 #h4 #bd ad ,diogn4 #c1 #d4 #be ,trypho1 #bb4 #bf ,ibid4 #ab4 #bg ,deut4 #aj1 #af1 #ag2 ,trypho1 #af4 #bh ,j]em4 #d1 #d2 #i1 #be2 ,trypho1 #bh4 #bi ,t]t4 adv4 ,jud4 #d4 #cj ,ju/91 ,trypho1 #ai2 ,t]t4 adv4 ,jud4 #b2 ,cyprian1 ,te/im4 #a1 #h4 ,t]tullian _h to face a simil> criticism ( ,*ri/ian life--0 ,abraham baptiz$8 de ,bapt4 #ac4 #ca ,t]t4 adv4 ,jud4 #c4 #cb ,trypho1 #bc2 ,cyprian1 ,te/im4 #a1 #h4 #cc ,trypho1 #af 7slightly compress$74 #cd ,trypho1 #ai1 #bj2 cf4 ,t]t4 adv4 ,jud4 #ce ,trypho1 #bb4 #cf ,b>nabas1 #aj2 cf4 ,pl9y1 ,n4,h4 #h1 #bah1 on ! h>e2 & ,plut>*1 de ,iside et ,osiride1 #cec ,f1 #cfc ,f1 #cgf ,e1 #cha ,a 7weasel71 = simil> zoology & symbolism4 ,clem4 ,alex4 ,/r4 ii1 #fg2 v1 #ea2 ref]s to ?is tea*+ ( ,b>nabas 7cf4 ib4 ii1 #aje74 #cg ,b>nabas1 #i4 #ch ,trypho1 #bc4 #ci ,ibid4 #aa4 #dj ,j]em4 #ca1 #ca2 ,trypho1 #aa2 ,t]t4 adv4 ,jud4 #c4 #da ,is4 #f1 #aj2 ,trypho1 #ab2 ,cyprian1 ,te/im4 i1 #c4 #db ,ps4 #hb1 #e2 ,trypho1 #abd2 ,cyprian1 ,te/im4 i1 #c4 #dc ,is4 #db1 #ai2 ,trypho1 #abc1 :]e ! plural is us$4 #dd ,is4 #bi1 #aa2 ,cyprian1 ,te/im4 i1 #d4 #de ,trypho1 #acc4 #df ,trypho1 #acd4 #dg ,cyprian1 ,te/im4 i1 #ba2 ,ju/91 ,trypho1 #ab2 ,t]t4 adv4 ,m>c4 iii1 #bj4 #dh ,trypho1 #bi4 #di c4 ,cels4 ii1 #bh1 #ej ,lactantius1 de mort4 p]sec4 #b4 #ea ,t]tullian lays d[n ! canon 7adv4 ,m>c4 iii1 #e7 pl]aque figurate port5duntur p] a5igmata et allegorias et p>abolas1 alit] intellig5da quam scripta sunt2 b 7de resurr4 c>nis1 #bj7 non omnia imag9es s$ et v]itates1 nec omnia umbrae s$ et corpora1 e4g4 ! ,virg9-bir? is n =etold 9 figure4 #eb ,trypho1 #fb1 #abi2 ,b>nabas1 #e1 #e2 ,t]t4 adv4 ,prax4 #ab4 #ec ,trypho1 #ef4 #ed ,ibid4 #ef4 #ee ,ibid4 #ef4 #ef ,trypho1 #ef1 #eg4 #eg ,trypho1 #abg4 ,t]t4 adv4 ,m>c4 ii1 #bg4 ,quaecunque exigitis deodigna1 habebuntur 9 patre invisibili incongressibilique et placido et1 ut ita dix]im1 philosophorum deo4 ,quaecunque autem ut indigna repreh5ditis1 deputabuntur 9 filio1 etc4 ,cf4 on ! di/9ction ,t]t4 adv4 ,prax4 #ad ff4 ,cf4 ! language ( ,celsus on ,god desc5d+1 see p4 #bdh4 #eh ,trypho1 #abf4 ,o!r titles are quot$ by ,ju/91 ,trypho1 #fa4 #ei ,trypho1 #abh4 ,cf4 ,t]tullian1 adv4 ,m>c4 ii1 #bg1 ,ille e/ qui desc5dit1 ille qui int]rogat1 ille qui po/ulat1 ille qui jurat2 adv4 ,prax4 #ae1 ,filius itaque e/ qui4444 #fj ,g54 #di1 #h-ab2 ,trypho1 #eb1 #ec2 ,apol4 i1 #cb2 ,cyprian1 ,te/im4 i1 #ba4 #fa ,t]t4 adv4 ,jud4 #ad4 #fb ,trypho1 #dj2 ,t]t4 adv4 ,jud4 #ad2 ,b>nabas1 #g4 #fc ,trypho1 #ff4 ,isaiah vii & viii4 #fd ,trypho1 #fg4 #fe ,trypho1 #ga4 #ff ,trypho1 #hd4 ,cf4 ,t]t4 adv4 ,jud4 #i adv4 ,m>c4 iii1 #ac4 #fg ,trypho1 #gg3 ,t]t4 adv4 ,jud4 #i adv4 ,m>c4 iii1 #ac2 bo? ref]r+ to ,psalm #ga4 #fh ,trypho1 #gi4 #fi ,trypho1 #ge2 ,exodus #bc1 #bj4 #gj ,b>nabas1 #i1 #h 7! subject ( 'sai?' may 9 ea* case be 'he'74 ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria cites ?is & adds a my/ic & ma!matical acc\nt ( ?is sugge/ive figure #cah4 ,/rom4 vi4 #hd4 #ga ,trypho1 #adb4 #gb ,celsus ap4 ,orig4 c4 ,cels4 iv1 #ej1 #ea4 #gc ,especially :5 he f9ds ,celsus ref]r+ to ! dialogue ( ,jason & ,papiscus z m wor?y ( pity & hatr$ ?an ( laught]2 c4 ,cels4 iv1 #eb4 #gd ,porphyry 7cit$ by ,euseb4 ,e4,h4 vi1 #ai71 says !y made riddles ( :at 0 p]fectly pla9 9 ,moses1 _! expositions w\ld n hang toge!r1 & !y *eat$ _! own critical faculty1 to kritikon tes psy*es katagoeteusantes4 #ge ,trypho1 #acg4 #aif ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,gods ,,or ,,atoms8 ,9 ! fir/ two c5turies ( our era a great *ange came ov] ! anci5t _w4 ,a despis$ & traditional religion1 "u ! /imulus ( new cults com+ f ! ,ea/1 reviv$ & re-ass]t$ its p[] ov] ! m9ds ( m54 ,philosophy1 gr[n practical 9 its old age1 =sook its y\?ful en?usiasm = ! que/ ( tru?1 & turn$ aside to ! regulation ( conduct1 by means ( maxims n[ in/ead ( inspiration1 & f9ally1 z we h se51 to apology = ! anci5t fai? ( ! fa!rs4 ,its bus9ess n[ 0 to reconcile its own mono!i/ic dogma ) popul> poly!i/ic practice4 ,x 0 p]haps ?is v reconciliation t ?rew op5 ! door = ! gl[+ mono!ism ( ! disciples ( ,jesus2 b1 :atev] ! cause1 ,*ri/ianity quickly spread ov] ! :ole ,roman ,empire4 ,we are apt to wond] to-day at ! great political & national developm5ts t h alt]$ ! :ole aspect ( ,europe s9ce ! ,fr5* ,revolution1 & to reflect r idly on _! rapidity4 ,yet ! pa/ has its own /ories ( rapid *ange1 & n ! lea/ /rik+ ( !m is ! disappe>ance ( t _w ( ?\ght :i* we call ,classical4 ,by #ahj ,a4,d4 ne>ly e di/9ctive m>k ( classical antiquity is gone--! old political ideas1 ! old philosophies1 ! old lit]atures1 & mu* else ) !m4 ,old =ms & names rema9--!re are /ill consuls & ar*ons1 poets & philosoph]s1 b ! atmosph]e is ano!r1 & ! names h a new mean+1 if !y h any at all4 ,b ! m]e survival ( ! names hid = _m ! fact t !y 7 liv+ 9 a new era4 ,sid5ote3 ,m>cus ,aurelius ,9 ! reign ( ,m>cus ,aurelius1 h[ev]1 ! signs ( *ange became m evid5t1 & m5 grew consci\s t "s trans=mation ( ! _w 0 9 progress4 ,a great plague1 ! scanty records ( :i* only all[ u to speak 9 #aig vague t]ms ( an imm5se r$uction 9 population#a--;b>b>ism active ^u ! fronti] ( an ,empire n s well able z x _h fanci$ to def5d itself--sup]/itions1 ,egyptian & ,jewi%1 div]t+ m5 f ! ord9>y ways ( civic duty--su* 7 "s ( ! symptoms t m5 m>k$4 ,"u ! weight ( absurdity1 quietism & individualism1 ! /ate seem$ to be s9k+1 & all t fre$om ( m9d :i* 0 ! di/9ctive boa/ ( ,hell5ism 0 rapidly be+ lo/4 ,x happ5s t1 :ile ! hi/orical lit]ature ( ! p]iod has l>gely p]i%$1 a numb] ( au?ors survive1 :o f _! v>i\s po9ts ( view deal ) :at is our mo/ imm$iate subject--! conflict ( religions4 ,fai?1 d\bt1 irritation & fatalism are all repres5t$4 ,! mo/ conspicu\s m5 ( lett]s ( ! age are und\bt$ly ! ,emp]or ,m>cus ,aurelius himself & 8 two brilliant contempor>ies1 ,lucian ( ,samosata1 & ,apuleius ( ,madaura4#b ,celsus1 a man ( m9d z p[]ful z any ( ! ?ree1 survives 9 fragm5ts1 b fragm5ts ample en\gh to p]mit ( re-con/ruction4 ,among ! ,*ri/ians too !re 0 increas$ lit]>y activity1 b ,t]tullian & ,clem5t w suffice = our purpose4 ,?\gh n 9 8 day reg>d$ z a man ( lett]s1 x is yet 9 virtue ( 8 writ+ t ,m>cus ,aurelius survives4 ,8 j\rnal1 ) ! title t tells its nature--,to ,himself1 is to-day p]haps ! mo/ popul> book ( antiquity ) ^? ^: fir/ conc]n is n lit]ature4 ,x is translat$ aga9 & aga91 & x is /udi$4 ,! peculi> m9d ( ! solit>y ,emp]or has made him1 z ,mr ,f4 ,w4 ,h4 ,my]s put x1 ! sa9t & exempl> ( ,agno/icism4 ,m$itative1 t5d] & c&id1 yet hesitant & s f> ineffectual1 he is s5sitive to s mu* t is positive & to s mu* t is negative1 t ! di>y1 9 :i* 8 "* is mo/ intimately reveal$1 gives him a place ( 8 own 9 ! he>ts ( m5 p]plext 9 ! extreme4 ,he is a man :o nei!r believes1 nor disbelieves1--ei!r gods or atoms#c seems to be ! necess>y anti!sis1 & !re is s mu* to be said bo? = #aih & aga9/ ea* ( ! alt]natives t decision is impossible4 ,he is attract$ by ! conception ( ,provid5ce1 b he hesitates to commit himself4 ,!re are argum5ts--at lea/ ( ! k9d t re/ on probability--9 fav\r ( immortality1 b !y are insuffici5t to det]m9e ! matt]4 ,9 8 public capacity he became fam\s = ! numb] & magnific5ce ( 8 sacrifices to ! gods ( ! /ate2 he owns 9 8 j\rnal 8 debt to ! gods = w>n+s giv5 9 dreams1 b he suspects at times t !y may n exi/4 ,mean:ile he p]secutes ! ,*ri/ians = _! disloyalty to ! /ate4 ,_! /ubborn convictions 7 s m>k$ly 9 contra/ ) 8 own wav]+ m9d t he c\ld n und]/& !m--p]haps _! motive 0 bravado1 he ?\ght2 !y 7 too !atrical altoge!r2 _! pose recall$ ! trag$ies compos$ by ! pupils ( ! rhetoricians--l>ge language ) no?+ beh9d x4#d ,9 ! abs5ce ( any possibility ( intellectual c]ta9ty1 ,m>cus fell back ^u conduct4 ,"h 8 want ( orig9ality & ( spiritual =ce 0 less felt1 = conduct has tol]ably well-e/abli%$ rules ( neighb\rl9ess1 purity1 good temp]1 public duty & ! l4 ,8 ,/oic guides1 too1 might 9 ?is region help him to foll[ ) m confid5ce ! voice ( 8 own pure & delicate consci5ce--! consci5ce ( a sa9t & a quieti/ r ?an t ( a man ( action4 ,yet ev5 9 ! realm ( conduct he is on ! :ole ineffectual4 ,pure1 tru?ful1 k9d1 & brave he is1 b he does n believe en\gh to be great4 ,he is call$ to be a /atesman & an adm9i/rator2 he does n expect mu* outcome f all 8 en]gies1 & he prea*es to himself ! necessity ( pati5ce ) 8 prospective failure to a*ieve any?+ beyond ! inf9itesimal4 ,ev] ! same are ! cycles ( ! univ]se1 up & d[n1 = ev] & = ev]4 ,ei!r ! intellig5ce ( ! ,:ole puts itself 9 motion = ea* sep>ate effect--9 :i* case accept ! result x gives2 or else x did s once = all1 & ev]y?+ is sequ5ce1 "o ?+ 9 ano!r 444 ,! text is d\btful = a l9e 444 ,9 a ^w1 ei!r ,god1 & all goes well2 or all at r&om--live n ?\ at r&om4 ,a mom5t1 & e>? w cov] u all2 !n x too 9 its turn w *ange2 & :at x *anges to1 w *ange aga9 #aii & aga9 = ev]2 & aga9 *ange aft] *ange to inf9ity4 ,! waves ( *ange & trans=mation--if a man ?9k ( !m & ( _! spe$1 he w despise ev]y?+ mortal4 ,! univ]sal cause is l a w9t] torr5t2 x c>ries all be=e x4 ,h[ *eap !n ^! poor /atesm51 ^! :o c>ry philosophy into practical affairs1 z !y fancy--poor dim9utive creatures4 ,drivell]s4 ,man1 :at !n8 ,d :at n[ ,nature dem&s4 ,/>t1 if x be giv5 !e1 & look n r\nd to see if any w "k4 ,hope n = ,plato's ,republic2#e b be cont5t if ! smalle/ ?+ advance2 to compass t "o issue c\nt no little feat4 ,:o %all *ange "o ( _! dogmata ! regul> ^w ( ,epictetus8 ,& )\t a *ange ( dogmata1 :at is !re b ! slav]y ( m5 groan+ & pret5d+ to obey8 ,g n[1 & talk ( ,alex&]1 & ,philip & ,demetrius ( ,phal]um2 :e!r !y saw ! w ( ,nature & s*ool$ !mselves1 is _! affair2 if !y play$ ! tragic actor1 no "o has condemn$ me to copy !m4 ,simplicity & mode/y are ! "w ( philosophy2 d n lead me a/ray into vanity4 ,look d[n f above on ! c\ntless sw>ms ( m51 _! c\ntless initiations1 & _! v>i$ voyage 9 /orm & calm1 _! *ang+ comb9ations1 z !y come into be+1 meet1 & pass out ( be+4 ,?9k too ( ! life liv$ by o!rs ( old1 ( ! life t %all be liv$ by o!rs aft] !e1 ( ! life n[ liv$ among ! b>b>ian nations2 &1 ( h[ _m h nev] he>d ?y "n1 & h[ _m w at once =get x1 & h[ _m may praise !e n[ p]haps b w v soon blame !e2 & h[ nei!r memory is ( any acc\nt1 nor glory1 nor any?+ else at all4444 ,! rott5ness ( ! mat]ial sub/ance ( e individual ?+--wat]1 du/1 bones1 /5*4444 ,& ?is brea?+ elem5t is ano!r ( ! same1 *ang+ f ?is to t4444 ,ei!r ! gods h no p[]1 or !y h p[]4 ,if !y h n1 :y pray8 ,if !y h1 :y n pray = deliv]ance f ! fe>1 or ! desire1 or ! pa91 :i* ! ?+ causes1 r ?an = ! )hold+ or ! giv+ ( ! p>ticul> ?+8 ,= c]ta9ly1 if !y c co-op]ate ) m51 x is = ^! purposes !y c co-op]ate4 ,b p]haps #bjj ?\ wilt say1 ,! gods h put all ^! 9 my own p[]4 ,!n is x n bett] to use :at is 9 ?9e own p[] & be free1 ?an to be set on :at is n 9 ?y p[]--a slave & contemptible8 ,& :o told !e t ! gods d n help u ev5 to :at is 9 our own p[]8#f ,?is h&ful ( %ort passages all f ! same place1 ) a few omitt$1 may be tak5 z repres5t+ v fairly ! m9d ( ,m>cus ,aurelius4 ,! _w 0 8 to rule1 & he felt x a duty to rememb] h[ slight a ?+ x 04 ,?is 0 n ! temp] ( ,alex&] or ( ,caes>1--( m5 :o make mank9d1 & :o1 by _! belief 9 m5 & 9 ! p[] ( _! own ideas to lift m5 to high] planes ( life1 actually d secure t advance is made1--& t advance n ! smalle/4 ,yet he speaks ( ,alex&] z a tragic actor4#g ,= a /atesman1 ! attitude ( ,m>cus is little %ort ( betrayal4 ,he work$1 he rul$1 he end[$1 he f\ght--he 0 pure1 he 0 consci5ti\s1 he 0 unselfi%--b he did n believe1 & he 0 ineffectual4 ,! ,g]mans x might h be5 beyond any man's p[] to repel at t day1 b ev5 at home ,m>cus 0 ineffectual4 ,8 wife & 8 son 7 by-words4 ,he _h almo/ a morbid horror ( defilem5t f m5 & wom5 ( co>se m9ds1--a crav+ too = peace & sympa?y2 he %rank into himself1 condon$1 ignor$4 ,among 8 b5efactors he does n m5tion ,hadrian1 :o really gave him ! ,empire--& x is easy to see :y4 ,9 ev]y?+ ! two are a contra/4 ,hadrian's p]sonal vices & 8 greatness z a rul]1 z a man h&l+ m5 & mov+ among ideas#h--^! 7 impossible = ,m>cus4 ,nor 0 ! p]sonal religion ( ?is pure & c&id _s a possible "o = mank9d4 ,a g5u9e et]nal ,gospel1 wrote ,r5an ( ?is di>y ( ,m>cus1 ! book ( ! ,?\ghts w nev] gr[ old1 = x affirms no dogma4 ,! ,gospel has gr[n old 9 c]ta9 p>ts2 ,sci5ce no long] all[s u to admit ! naive conception ( ! sup]natural :i* is its base4444 ,yet ,sci5ce might de/roy ,god & ! s\l1 & ! book ( ! ,?\ghts w\ld rema9 "y 9 its life & tru?4 #bja ,r5an is "r2 :5 ,sci5ce1 or any?+ else1 de/roys ,god & ! s\l1 !re is no ,gospel b t ( ,m>cus2 & yet = m5 x is impossible2 & x is n "y--x is s5ile4 ,duty )\t en?usiasm1 hope or belief--belief 9 man1 ( c\rse1 = ,god & ! s\l are by hypo!sis de/roy$--duty1 t is1 )\t object1 reason or result1 x is a magnific5t fancy1 & yet "o recurs to ! criticism t ,m>cus pass$ ^u ! ,*ri/ians4 ,is !re n a h9t ( ! s*ool ab\t ?is8 ,is x n possible t ! simpl] in/9cts ( m51--in/9cts ) a hi/ory z ludicr\s z ,an?ropologi/s sometimes sket* = u1--may aft] all come ne>] ! tru? ( ?+s ?an semi-,/oic reflexion8 ,at all ev5ts ! in/9cts h rul$ ! _w s f> ) ! co-op]ation ( ,reason1 & are z yet little incl9$ to yield _! rights to _! colleague4 ,!y h nev] done s )\t disa/]4 ,! _w did n accept ,m>cus z a tea*]4 ,m5 readily recogniz$ 8 high "*1 b = a ?\s& ye>s & m nobody dream$ ( tak+ him z a guide--nobody1 t is1 outside ! s*ools4 ,= ! _w x 0 fai? or unbelief1 & ! two contempor>ies already m5tion$ repres5t ! two poles to :i* ! ?\ghts ( m5 gravitat$1 :o 7 n yet ready = a cleavage ) ! pa/4 ,sid5ote3 ,lucian ,i am a ,syrian f ! ,euphrates1#i wrote ,lucian ( himself2 & else:]e he has a playful prote/ aga9/ a hi/orian ( 8 day1 magnific5tly ignorant ( ,ea/]n geography1 :o has tak5 up my native ,samosata1 & %ift$ x1 citadel1 walls & all1 into ,mesopotamia1 & by ?is new feat ( colonization has app>5tly turn$ him into a ,p>?ian or ,mesopotamian4#aj ,samosata lay actually 9 ,commag5e1 & !re ,lucian sp5t 8 boyhood talk+ ,syriac1 8 native language4#aa ,he 0 born ab\t #abe ,a4,d4 ,8 family 7 poor1 & z soon z he left s*ool1 ! "q ( a trade 0 at once rais$1 = ev5 a boy's e>n+s w\ld be welcome4 ,at s*ool he _h _h a trick ( scrap+ ! wax f 8 tablets & mak+ little figures ( animals & m51 s 8 fa!r h&$ him ov] to 8 "m's bro!r1 :o 0 "o ( a family ( /atu>ies4 ,b a blund] & a breakage result$ 9 8 uncle ?ra%+ him1 & he ran home to 8 "m4 ,x 0 8 fir/ & la/ day 9 ! sculptor's %op1 & he w5t to #bjb b$ ) te>s ^u 8 face4 ,9 lat] life he told ! /ory ( a dream :i* he _h t night--a long & some:at lit]>y dream modell$ on ,prodicus' fable ( ! ,*oice ( ,h]akles4 ,he dream$ t two wom5 appe>$ to him1 "o du/y & workmanlike1 ! o!r neat1 *>m+ & noble4 ,!y 7 ,sculpture & ,culture1 & he *ose ! latt]4 ,he tells ! dream1 he says1 t ! "y may be help$ by 8 example to pursue ! be/ & devote !mselves to ,culture1 reg>dless ( imm$iate pov]ty4#ab ,he 0 laun*$ someh[ on ! c>e] ( 8 *oice & became a rhetorician4 ,x may be not$ h[ev] t an in/9ctive int]e/ 9 art rema9$ ) him1 & he is reckon$ "o ( ! be/ art-critics ( antiquity4 ,rhetoric1 he says1 made a ,greek ( him1 w5t ) him f city to city 9 ,greece & ,ionia1 sail$ ! ,ionian sea ) him & att5d$ him ev5 z f> z ,gaul1 scatt]+ pl5ty 9 8 pa?4#ac ,=1 z he expla9s else:]e1 he 0 among ! tea*]s :o c\ld comm& high fees1 & he made a good income 9 ,gaul4#ad ,b1 ab\t ! age ( =ty1 he resolv$ to let ! g5tlem5 ( ! jury re/ 9 peace--tyrants en\gh hav+ be5 arraign$ & pr9ces en\gh eulogiz$4#ae ,f n[ onw>d he wrote dialogues--he _h at la/ f\nd 8 prop] "w4 ,sid5ote3 ,lucian's ,dialogues ,dialogue 9 =m] days _h be5 ! vehicle ( speculation--_h trodd5 ^? a]ial pla9s on high above ! cl\ds1 :]e ! great ,zeus 9 heav5 is borne along on w+$ c>4 ,b x 0 to d s no m1 & 9 an amus+ piece ,lucian repres5ts ,dialogue p]sonifi$ z br++ a suit aga9/ him = outrage4 ,_h ,lucian debas$ ,dialogue1 by r$uc+ him to ! common level ( humanity & mak+ him associate ) su* p]sons z ,ari/ophanes & ,m5ippus1 "o a light-he>t$ mock] at ?+s sacr$1 ! o!r a b>k+1 sn>l+ dog ( a ,cynic1--?us turn+ ,dialogue into a lit]>y ,c5taur1 nei!r fit to walk nor able to so>8 ,or 0 ,dialogue really a mu/y1 fu/y1 sup]annuat$ creature1 & greatly improv$ n[ = hav+ a ba? & be+ taught to smile & to g g5ially 9 ! company ( ,com$y8 ,betwe5 ! attack & ! def5ce1 ! case is fairly /at$4#af ,lucian creat$ a new #bjc mode 9 writ+--or p]haps he reviv$ x1 = x is n v cle> h[ mu* he owes to 8 fav\rite ,m5ippus1 ! ,gad>5e ,cynic & satiri/ ( f\r c5turies be=e4 ,m5ippus h[ev] has p]i%$ & ,lucian rema9s & is read2 =1 :atev] else is to be said ( him1 he is readable4 ,he has n lo/ all ! traces ( ! ye>s dur+ :i* he consort$ ) ,rhetoric2 at times he amplifies & exagg]ates1 & w /ra9 = m po9t & piquancy ?an a ta/e m sure w\ld approve4 ,yet he has ! in/9ct to avoid trave/y1 & 8 /yle is 9 g5]al natural & simple1 despite occasional lit]>y rem9isc5ces4 ,8 *>act]s talk1--z m5 may talk ( _! affairs1 :5 !y are n consci\s ( be+ ov]he>d1--) a naive frankness n always v wise1 ) a fre$om & common s5se1 & sometimes ) a folly1 t toge!r reveal ! speak]4 ,!y r>ely declaim1 & !y c]ta9ly nev] rea* any high level ( ?\ght or feel+4 ,! talk is slight & easy--x flick]s ab\t f "o idea to ano!r1 & gives a /rong impression ( be+ real4 ,if x is gods :o are talk+1 !y become surpris+ly human--& ev5 b\rgeois1 !y are s v mu* at home among !mselves4 ,lucian's skill is amaz+4 ,he w take "s episode f ,hom] & *ange no s+le detail1 & yet1 z we li/5 to ! (f-h& talk ( ! gods z !y rec\nt ! occurr5ce1 we are />tl$ at ! effect--! irony is ev]y:]e & n[h]e2 ! surprises are irresi/ible4 ,zeus1 = in/ance1 turns out to h m lit]>y int]e/s ?an we suppose2 he w quote ,hom] & make a ,demo/h5ic oration to ! gods1 ?\gh alas6 8 memory fails him 9 ! middle ( a s5t5ce2#ag he lam5ts t 8 alt>s are z cold z ,plato's ,laws or ! syllogisms ( ,*rysippus4 ,he is ! franke/ g5tleman ( heav51 & s inf9itely oblig+6 ,9 %ort1 = %e] clev]ness ,lucian has no rival b ,ari/ophanes 9 extant ,greek lit]ature4 ,8 orig9ality1 8 wit1 8 hum\r 7n at all equal1 x may be said1 to 8 wit71 8 gifts ( inv5tion & fancy1 8 light t\*1 & 8 g5ius = lively n>rative1 m>k him out di/9ctively 9 an age :5 lit]ature 0 all rhetoric1 l5g? & rem9isc5ce4 ,b z we read him1 we become s5sible ( defects z extraord9>y z 8 gifts4 ,= all 8 ,attic /yle1 he belongs to 8 age4 ,he #bjd may r5\nce ,rhetoric1 b no man c easily escape f 8 pa/4 ,! education _h int5sifi$ ! c>d9al faults ( 8 "*1 impati5ce1 sup]ficiality1 a great lack ( sympa?y = ! m t5d] atta*m5ts & ! m pr(\nd int]e/s ( m5--ess5tial unbelief 9 human gr&eur4 ,an expatriat$ adv5tur]1 liv+ = tw5ty ye>s on 8 eloqu5ce1 ) ! m]e/ smatt]+ ( philosophy & no int]e/ :atev] 9 nature & natural sci5ce or ma!matics1 ) little feel+ & no poetry1--x 0 h>dly to be expect$ t he %\ld und]/& ! dep?s ( ! human s\l1 lynx-ey$ z he is = ! surface ( ?+s4 ,he _h a v frank admiration = 8 own "*1 & he drew himself ov] & ov] aga9 "u v>i\s names4 ,lyk9os1 = example1 is h>dly a disguise at all4 ,free-,spee*1 son ( ,true-man1 son ( ,exam9]1 he calls himself 9 "o ( 8 mock trials1 hat] ( %ams1 hat] ( impo/ors1 hat] ( li>s1 hat] ( ! pomp\s1 hat] ( e su* v>iety ( hateful m5--& !re are pl5ty ( !m2 conv]sely1 he loves ! opposites1 :5 he meets !m1 :i*1 he owns1 is n v (t54#ah ,sid5ote3 ,lucian & philosophy ,) su* a pr(ession1 x is n surpris+ t a man ( m wit ?an sympa?y1 f\nd abundance ( mat]ial 9 ! follies ( 8 age4 ,m5 7 tak+ !mselves desp]ately s]i\sly1--prea*+ int]m9able ,philosophy1 sav+ _! s\ls1 & commun+ ) gods & daemons 9 ! mo/ exasp]at+ ways4 ,%ams1 impo/ures1 & li>s--s ,lucian summ$ !m up1 & he did n conceal 8 op9ion4 ,grant$ t ! age _h aspects q beyond 8 compreh5sion1 he gives a v vivid picture ( x f ! outside4 ,?is is :at m5 7 do+ & say+ ar\nd him--b :y8 ,:y1 b f vanity & folly8 ,gods1 philosoph]s1 & all :o take human life s]i\sly1 are delug$ ) "o /ream ( bad9age1 always clev] b n always 9 good ta/e4 ,he has no purpose1 religi\s or philosophic4 ,if he attacks ! gods1 x is n z a ,sceptic--! ,sceptics are ridicul$ z mu* z any "o else 9 ! ,sale ( ,lives--m5 :o "k no?+1 d\bt ( _! own exp]i5ce1 & av[ ! end ( _! k to be ignorance4#ai ,if he is :at we n[adays loosely call sceptical1 x is n on philosophic gr\nds4 ,we %\ld h>dly expect him 9 8 satirical pamphlets really to #bje grapple ) ! "q ( ,philosophy1 b he seems n to und]/& 9 ! lea/ :y !re %\ld be ,philosophy at all4 ,he is ma/] ( no s+le sy/em1 ?\gh he has ! cat*-words ( !m all at 8 f+]-ends4 ,8 mo/ s]i\s dialogue on ,philosophy is ! ,h]motimus4 ,lyk9os meets ,h]motimus on 8 way to a lecture--a man ( sixty :o = _m ye>s has att5d$ ! ,/oics4 ,into _! argum5t we ne$ n g1 b "o or two po9ts may be not$4 ,h]motimus is a disciple1 simple & p]sev]+1 :o owns t he has n rea*$ ! goal ( ,happ9ess & h>dly expects to rea* x1 b he presses bravely on1 full ( fai? 9 8 tea*]s4 ,"u ! adroit que/ions ( ,lyk9os1 he is =c$ to admit t he _h *os5 ! ,/oics r ?an any o!r s*ool by %e] intuition--or because ( g5]al notions acquir$ m or less unconsci\sly--l a man buy+ w9e1 he knew a good ?+ :5 he ta/$ x1 & look$ no fur!r4 ,yes1 says ,lyk9os1 take ! fir/ /ep & ! re/ is easy--,philosophy dep5ds on a fir/ assumption--take ! ,bri>eus ( ! poets ) ?ree heads & six h&s1 & !n "w him out1--six eyes1 six e>s1 ?ree voices talk+ at once1 ?irty f+]s--y _c qu>rel ) ! details z !y come2 once grant ! beg9n+1 & ! re/ comes flood+ 91 irresi/ible1 h>dly n[ susceptible ( d\bt4 ,s 9 ,philosophy1 y\r passion1 l ! long+ ( a lov]1 bl9d$ y to ! fir/ assumptions1 & ! /ructure foll[$4#bj ,d n ?9k t ,i speak aga9/ ! ,/oics1 ?r\gh any special dislike ( ! s*ool2 my argum5ts hold aga9/ all ! s*ools4#ba ,! end is t ,h]motimus ab&ons all ,philosophy = ev]--n a v dramatic or probable end1 z ,plato & ,ju/9 ,m>tyr c\ld h told ,lucian4 ,! o!r po9t to notice is ! picture ( ,virtue "u ! image ( a ,cele/ial ,city1 & "h "o _c help wond]+ :e!r ! irony has any elem5t ( p]sonal rem9isc5ce4 ,virtue ,lyk9os pictures z a ,city1 ^: citiz5s are happy1 wise & good1 little %ort ( gods1 z ! ,/oics say4 ,all !re is peace1 unity1 lib]ty1 equality4 ,! citiz5s are all ali5s & =eign]s1 n a native among !m--b>b>ians1 slaves1 mis=m$1 dw>fs1 poor2 = weal? & bir? & beauty are n reckon$ !re4 ,9 good tru?1 we #bjf %\ld devote all our ef=ts to ?is1 & let all else g4 ,we %\ld take no he$ ( our native-l&1 nor ( ! cl++ & weep+ ( *ildr5 or p>5ts1 if "o has any1 b call on !m to take ! same j\rney1 & !n1 if !y w n or _c g ) u1 %ake !m (f1 & m>* /raight = ! city ( all bliss1 leav+ "o's coat 9 _! h&s1 if !y won't let g1--= !re is no fe> ( y\r be+ %ut out !re1 ev5 if y come )\t a coat4 ,fifte5 ye>s ago an old man _h urg$ ,lyk9os to g !re ) him4 ,if ! city _h be5 ne> at h& & pla9 = all to see1 long ago1 y may be sure1 ) nev] a d\bt ,i w\ld h gone !re1 & _h my fran*ise long s9ce4 ,b z y tell u1 x lie? f> away----& !re are s _m pr(ess$ guides & s _m roads1 t !re is no tell+ :e!r "o is travell+ to ,babylon or to ,cor9?4#bb ,s = ! future y _h bett] reconcile y\rself to liv+ l an ord9>y man1 )\t fanta/ic & va9 hopes4#bc ,lucian nev] ceases to bant] ! philosoph]s4 ,:5 he visits ! ,isl&s ( ! ,ble/1 he rem>ks t1 :ile ,diog5es & ! ,epicureans are !re1 ,plato pref]s 8 own ,republic & ,laws1 ! ,/oics are away climb+ _! /eep hill ( ,virtue1 & ! ,academics1 ?\gh wi%ful to come1 are /ill susp5d+ _! judgm5t1 unc]ta9 :e!r !re really is su* an isl& at all & n sure t ,rhadaman?us himself is qualifi$ to give judgm5t4#bd ,diog5es 9 ! %ades1 ,pan 9 8 grotto1 ,zeus 9 heav51 & ! common man 9 ! /reets1 are unanim\s t !y h _h too mu* ,philosophy altoge!r4 ,! philosoph]s h inde$ emb>k$ on an impossible que/1 = !y w nev] f9d ,tru?4 ,once ,lucian repres5ts ,tru? 9 p]son1 & 8 portrait is *>act]i/ic4 ,%e is po9t$ out to him--a female figure1 dim & indi/9ct ( complexion2 ,i d n see :i* "o y mean1 he says1 & ! answ] is1 ,don't y see ! unadorn$ "o !re1 ! nak$ "o1 ev] elud+ ! sight & slipp+ away8#be ,sid5ote3 ,lucian's ,lov] ( ,lies ,b /ill m absurd ?an ,philosophy 0 ! gr[? ( belief 9 ! sup]natural4 ,lucian's ,lov] ( ,lies is a mo/ illum9at+ book4 ,"h are ga!r$ specim5s ( ! v>i\s #bjg types ( contempor>y sup]/ition--"o w\ld suspect ! au?or ( ! wilde/ p>ody1 if x 7 n t po9t by po9t we may f9d p>allels 9 ! o!r writ]s ( ! day4 ,ty*iades 7:o is v l ,lucian himself7 tells h[ he has be5 visit+ ,eucrates & has dropp$ into a ne/ ( absurdities4 ,eucrates is sixty & we>s ! solemn be>d ( a /ud5t ( philosophy4 ,he has a r+ made ( iron f gibbets & is prep>$ to believe ev]y?+ incr$ible4 ,8 h\se is full ( pr(ess$ philosoph]s1 ,ari/otelian1 ,/oic1 & ,platonic1 advis+ him h[ to cure ! pa9 9 8 legs1 by wrapp+ r\nd !m a lion's sk9 ) ! too? ( a field m\se fold$ )9 x4#bf ,ty*iades asks if !y really believe t a *>m hung on outside c cure ! mis*ief )91 & !y laugh at 8 ignorance4 ,! ,platoni/ tells a numb] ( /ories to prove ! reasonabl5ess ( ! treatm5t1--h[ a v9e-dress] ( 8 fa!r's _h di$ ( snake-bite & be5 recov]$ by a ,*aldaean1 & h[ ! same ,*aldaean *>m$ 7l ! ,pi$ ,pip]7 all ! snakes (f _! f>m4 ,! ,/oic n>rates h[ he once saw a ,hyp]borean fly+ & walk+ on wat]--) ^? brogues on 8 feet t 8 c\ntrym5 habitually we>--a man ^: m ord9>y feats 7 rais+ spirits1 call+ ! dead f _! graves1 & fet*+ d[n ! moon4 ,ion1 ! ,platoni/1 confirms all ?is ) an acc\nt ( ano!r miracle-work]--ev]ybody kn[s ! ,syrian ( ,pale/9e :o drives daemons out ( m52 he w\ld /& by ! pati5t ly+ on ! gr\nd & ask :5ce !y h come into ! body2 &1 ?\gh ! sick p]son does n speak1 ! daemon answ]s 9 ,greek1 or 9 "s b>b>ian tongue1 or :atev] 8 own dialect may be1 & expla9s h[ he ent]$ into ! man & :5ce he came4 ,!n ! ,syrian w\ld solemnly adjure him1 or ?reat5 him if he 7 ob/9ate1 & s drive him out4 ,i c only say ,i saw "o1 ( a black smoky hue1 9 ! act ( com+ out4#bg ,! ,syrian's treatm5t 0 exp5sive1 x appe>s4 ,celsus1 z we %all see lat] on1 has "s evid5ce on ?is matt]4 ,! nationality ( ! magicians quot$ 9 ! book may be rem>k$--!y are ,libyan1 ,syrian1 ,arab1 ,*aldaean1 ,egyptian1 & ,hyp]borean4 ,o!r tales ( magical /atues1 a wife's app>ition1 an #bjh uneasy gho/1#bh a *>m = br++ an abs5t lov]1 & ! famili> "o ( ! man :o le>ns ! spell ( ?ree syllables to make a pe/le fet* wat]1 b unhappily n t :i* w make x /op1 & :o f9ds on cutt+ x 9 two t !re are n[ two inanimate wat]-c>ri]s & a d\ble deluge--^! we may pass ov]4 ,we may note t ?is wat]-fet*+ spell came orig9ally f a sacr$ scribe ( ,memphis1 le>n$ 9 all ! wisdom ( ! ,egyptians1 :o liv$ und]gr\nd 9 ! temple = ?ree & tw5ty ye>s & 0 taught 8 magic !re by ,isis h]self4#bi ,int]views ) daemons are s common t in/ances are n giv54#cj ,m significant are ! /ories ( ! o!r _w1 = "h we come aga91 f a diff]5t po9t ( approa*1 into a region famili> to ! read] ( ,plut>*4 ,eucrates himself1 out 9 ! woods1 he>d a noise ( b>k+ dogs2 an e>?quake foll[$ & a voice ( ?und]1 & !n came a woman m ?an six hundr$ feet high1 be>+ sword & tor*1 & foll[$ by dogs tall] ?an ,indian elephants1 black 9 col\r4 ,h] feet 7 snakes--"h we may obs]ve t ,pausanias ! travell] pauses to dismiss ! silly /ory t giants h s]p5ts in/ead ( feet1 = a c(f9 m ?an elev5 ells long 0 f\nd ne> ,antio* & ! :ole body 0 t ( a man4#ca ,s ! snake-feet are n a m]e fancy ( ,lucian's4 ,! woman !n tapp$ ! e>? ) "o ( ^! feet ( h]s1 & disappe>$ into ! *asm %e made4 ,eucrates1 peep+ ov] ! edge1 saw ev]y?+ 9 ,hades1 ! riv] ( fire & ! lake1 ,c]b]us & ! dead--:at is m1 he recogniz$ "s ( ! dead4 ,did y see ,socrates & ,plato8 asks ,ion4 ,socrates he ?\ght he saw1 b ,plato ,i did n recognize2 ,i suppose "o is b\nd to /ick to ! exact tru? 9 talk+ to "o's fri5ds4 ,pyrrhias ! slave confirms ! /ory z an eye-witness4#cb ,ano!r foll[s ) a /ory ( 8 trance 9 illness1 & h[ he saw ! _w bel[1 ,fates1 ,furies1 & all1 & 0 br\ght be=e ,pluto1 :o #bji dismiss$ him ) "s irritation1 z n am5able yet to 8 ,c\rt1 & call$ = ! smi? ,demylos2 he came back to life & ann\nc$ t ,demylos w\ld %ortly die1 & ,demylos did die4 ,:]e is ! wond]8 says ano!r--! physician1 ,i "k a man rais$ f ! dead tw5ty days aft] 8 burial1 = ,i att5d$ him bo? be=e 8 dea? & aft] 8 resurrection4#cc ,9 all ?is1 x is cle> t !re is a /rong elem5t ( mock]y4 ,mock]y 0 ,lucian's object1 b he probably kept 9 all ^! /ories a great deal ne>] to :at 8 neighb\rs w\ld believe ?an we may imag9e4 ,a,elian1 = example1 has a /ory ( a pi\s cock1 :i* made a po9t ( walk+ gratefully 9 ! processions t took place 9 hon\r ( ,a,esculapius2 & he does n tell x 9 ! _s ( ! au?or ( ! ,jackdaw ( ,rheims4 ,sid5ote3 ,lucian & ! gods ,z "o ( ! ma9 preoccupations ( 8 age 0 ) ! gods1 ,lucian ( c\rse c\ld n leave !m alone4 ,8 usual me?od is to accept !m z be+ exactly :at tradition made !m1 & !n to set !m 9 new & impossible situations4 ,! philosoph] ,m5ippus takes ! "r w+ ( an eagle & ! left ( a vulture1 &1 aft] "s c>eful practice1 flies up to heav5 to int]view ,zeus4 ,he has be5 s t]ribly di/ract$ by ! argum5ts ( ! s*ools1 t he wants to see = himself--,i d>$ n disbelieve m5 ( su* ?und]+ voices & su* impos+ be>ds4 ,zeus mo/ amiably all[s him to /& by & wat* him at "w1 he>+ pray]s z !y come up ?r\gh tubes1 & grant+ or reject+ !m1 !n settl+ "s auguries1 & f9ally arrang+ ! wea!r--ra9 9 ,scy?ia1 sn[ 9 ,greece1 a /orm 9 ! ,adriatic1 & ab\t a ?\s& bu%els ( hail 9 ,cappadocia4#cd ,zeus asks2 r n]v\sly :at m5 are say+ ab\t him n[adays--mank9d is s fond ( novelty4 ,!re 0 a "t1 he says1 :5 ,i 0 ev]y?+ to !m-- ,ea* /reet1 ea* m>ket-place 0 full ( ,zeus-- & ,i c\ld h>dly see = ! smoke ( sacrifice2 b o!r gods1 ,asklepios1 ,b5dis1 ,anubis & o!rs1 h set up %r9es & ! alt>s ( ,zeus are cold--cold z ,*rysippus4#ce ,altoge!r ! dialogue is a ma/]piece ( hum\r & irony4 ,9 ano!r piece1 we f9d ,zeus & ! o!r gods 9 #baj assembly li/5+ to an argum5t go+ on at ,a!ns4 ,an ,epicurean1 ,damis1 & a s+ul>ly feeble ,/oic are debat+ :e!r gods exi/1 & :e!r !y ex]cise any provid5ce = m54 ,poseidon recomm5ds ! prompt use ( a ?und]bolt to let !m see1 b ,zeus rem9ds him t x is ,de/9y t really controls ! ?und]bolts--&1 besides1 x w\ld look z if we 7 fright5$4 ,s ! argum5t goes on1 & all ! famili> pro(s f div9e judgm5ts1 regul>ity ( sun & season1 f ,hom] & ! poets1 f ! cons5sus ( mank9d & oracles1 are produc$ & refut$ !re & !n1 :ile ! gods li/51 till x becomes d\btful :e!r !y d exi/4 ,! ,/oic breaks d[n & runs away4 ,:at are we to d8 asks ,zeus4 ,h]mes quotes a comic poet 9 ,hamlet's ve9--!re is no?+ ei!r good or bad1 b ?9k+ makes x s--& :at does x matt]1 if a few m5 are p]suad$ by ,damis8 we /ill h ! majority--mo/ ( ! ,greeks & all ! b>b>ians4#cf ,9 ,zeus ,cross-exam9$ ! process is c>ri$ fur!r4 ,cyniscus que/ions ,zeus1 :o is only too good-natur$ & falls into all ! que/ion]'s traps4 ,he admits ,de/9y to be supreme1 & gets entangl$ 9 a t]rible net ( problems ab\t =e-k1 ! value ( sacrifice & ( div9ation1 div9e wra?1 s9 & s =?1 till he cries ,y leave u no?+6--y seem to me to despise me1 = sitt+ "h & li/5+ to y ) a ?und]bolt on my arm4 ,hit me ) x1 says ,cyniscus1 if x is s de/9$1--,i %all h no qu>rel ) y = x1 b ) ,clo?o4 ,at la/ ,zeus rises & goes away & w answ] no m4 ,b p]haps1 reflects ,cyniscus1 he has said en\gh1 & x 0 n de/9$ = me to he> any m4#cg ,! read] feels t ,zeus has said m ?an en\gh4 ,f ! old gods ( ,greece1 we naturally turn to ! newcom]s4 ,:5 ,zeus summon$ ! gods to discuss ! "q ( a!ism at ,a!ns1 a good _m m came ?an und]/ood ,greek1 & x 0 !y :o _h ! be/ seats z !y 7 made ( solid gold--,b5dis1 ,anubis1 ,attis & ,mi?ras = example4 ,else:]e ,momus 7:o is a div9e ,lucian7 compla9s to ,zeus ab\t !m--t ,mi?ras ) 8 ,p]sian robe & ti>a1 :o c't talk ,greek1 nor ev5 und]/& :5 "o dr9ks #baa to him--:at is he do+ 9 heav58 ,& !n ! dog-fac$ ,egyptian 9 l95--:o is he to b>k at ! gods8 ,( c\rse11 says ,zeus1 ,egyptian religion--yes6 b all ! same !re are hidd5 mean+s1 & ! un9itiat$ mu/ n laugh at !m4 ,/ill ,zeus is provok$ into issu+ a decree--on second ?\ghts1 he w\ld n put x to ! vote ( ! div9e assembly1 = he felt sure he w\ld be outvot$4 ,! decree enacts t1 :]eas heav5 is cr[d$ ) polyglot ali5s1 till !re is a great rise 9 ! price ( nect>1 & ! old & true gods are be+ cr[d$ out ( _! supremacy1 a committee ( sev5 gods %all be appo9t$ to sit on claims2 fur!r1 t ea* god %all att5d to 8 own function1 ,a!ne %all n heal nor ,asklepios give oracles1 etc42 t philosoph]s %all talk no m nons5se2 & t ! /atues ( deifi$ m5 %all be replac$ by ^? ( ,zeus1 ,h]a1 etc41 ! said m5 to be buri$ 9 ! usual way4#ch ,sid5ote3 ,lucian's ,alex&] ,m ?an "o ref]5ce has be5 made to new gods & new oracles4 ,lucian 9 8 ,alex&] gives a m]ciless acc\nt ( h[ su* %r9es 7 />t$4 ,he came into p]sonal contact--inde$ into conflict--) ,alex&]1 ! f\nd] ( ! oracle ( ,abonotei*os1 & 8 /ory is full ( detail4 ,! man 0 a quack ( ! vulg>e/ type1 &1 yet by means ( a tame snake & "s o!r simple contrivances1 he impos$ himself ^u ! fai? ( a community4 ,8 r5[n spread f> & wide4 ,by recogniz+ o!r oracles he secur$ _! support4 ,m5 came to him ev5 f ,rome4 ,?r\gh "o ( ^! devotees1 he actually s5t an oracle to ,m>cus ,aurelius among ! ,m>comanni & ,quadi1 bidd+ him ?r[ two lions ) spices into ! ,danube1 & !re %\ld be a great victory4 ,?is 0 done1 ,lucian says2 ! lions swam a%ore on ! f>!r side1 & ! victory fell to ! ,g]mans4#ci ,lucian himself trapp$ ! prophet ) "s cunn+ly devis$ inquiries1 :i* q baffl$ god1 prophet1 snake & all4 ,he also tri$ to deta* an em95t adh]5t4 ,alex&] realiz$ :at 0 go+ on1 & ,lucian got a gu>d ( two soldi]s f ! gov]nor ( ,cappadocia4 ,"u _! protection he w5t to see ! prophet :o _h s5t = him4 ,! prophet1 z he usually did ) 8 foll[]s1 (f]$ him #bab 8 h& to kiss1 & ,lucian records ) satisfaction t he bit ! pr(f]$ h& & ne>ly lam$ x4 ,?anks to 8 gu>d1 he came away un9jur$4 ,alex&]1 h[ev]1 aft] ?is tri$ /ill m to compass 8 dea?1 :i* is n surpris+4#dj ,!re is o!r evid5ce ?an ,lucian's1 ?\gh x is n unnaturally slight1 = ! exi/5ce ( ?is rem>kable impo/or4 ,sid5ote3 ,lucian & ,p]egr9us ,lucian has "o or two incid5tal ref]5ces to ,*ri/ians4#da ,alex&] w>n$ !m1 9 company ) ! ,epicureans1 to keep away f 8 %r9e4 ,b we he> m ( !m 9 connexion ) ,proteus ,p]egr9us4 ,lucian is n greatly int]e/$ 9 !m2 he ridicules !m z fools = be+ tak5 9 by ! impo/or2 = ,p]egr9us1 he tells u1 dup$ !m ) ! greate/ success4 ,he became a prophet among !m1 a ?ias>*1 a rul] ( ! synagogue1 ev]y?+ 9 fact2 he int]pret$ _! books = !m1 & inde$ wrote !m a lot m2 & !y c\nt$ him a god & a lawgiv]4 ,y "k1 ,lucian expla9s1 !y /ill wor%ip t great man ( !irs1 :o 0 put on a gibbet 9 ,pale/9e1 because he add$ ?is new my/]y 7telet57 to human life4 ,9 8 mock+ way he gives "s int]e/+ evid5ce on ! att5tion & c>e be/[$ by ,*ri/ians on ^? ( _! memb]s :o 7 ?r[n into prison4 ,he details :at 0 done by ! fooli% community = _! new ,socrates :5 ,p]egr9us 0 a prison]4 ,:5 he 0 releas$1 ,p]egr9us />t$ w&]+ aga91 liv+ on ,*ri/ian *>ity1 till he got into tr\ble ) !m1 too1--he 0 caught eat+ =bidd5 meats4#db ,lucian diff]s f ,voltaire 9 hav+ less purpose & no def9ite pr9ciples4 ,he _h no design to ov]?r[ religion 9 fav\r ( some?+ else2 x is m]ely t ! absurdity ( x provok$ him1 & he enjoy$ say+ al\d1 & ) all ! vig\r ( reckless wit1 t religi\s belief 0 silly4 ,if ! effect 0 scepticism1 x 0 a scepticism f\nd$1 n on #bac philosophy1 b on ! (f-h& judgm5t ( :at is call$ common-s5se4 ,hidd5 mean+s & my/]ies 7 to him nons5se4 ,h[ little he 0 qualifi$ to und]/& my/icism & religi\s en?usiasm1 c be se5 9 8 acc\nt ( ! self-immolation ( ,p]egr9us on 8 pyre at ! ,olympian games#dc--p]haps ! mo/ insuffici5t ?+ he ev] wrote1 full ( value z x is4 ,p]egr9us 0 a w&]] among ! religions ( ! age4 ,gellius--:o (t5 he>d him at ,a!ns1 calls him a man gravis atque con/ans1 & says he spoke mu* t 0 useful & hone/4 ,he quotes 9 8 way a p>agraph ( a disc\rse on s91 :i* does n lack moral elevation4#dd ,to ,lucian ! man 0 a quack1 an adv]tis]1 a m\ntebank1 :o burnt himself to dea? m]ely to attract notice4 ,lucian says he witness$ ! affair1 & tells gaily h[1 among o!r je/s1 he impos$ a pretty miracle ( 8 own inv5tion ^u ! cr$ul\s4 ,he _h tak5 no pa9s to und]/& ! man--nor did he to und]/& ei!r ! religi\s temp] 9 g5]al1 or ! philosophic1 or any?+ else4 ,8 habit ( h&l+ ?+s easily & lightly did n help him to see :at c\ld n be tak5 9 at a glance4 ,:at !n does ,lucian make ( human life8 ,on ?is he says a great deal4 ,8 mo/ *>act]i/ic inv5tion p]haps is ! visit t ,*>on pays to ! upp] _w to see :at x really is t ! dead regret s mu*4 ,x is inde$1 z ,m4 ,croiset po9ts out1 a f9e /roke ( irony to take ! op9ion ( a m9i/] ( ,dea? ^u ,life4 ,*>on has left 8 f]ry boat & comes up to light4 ,h]mes meets him & !y pile up "s m\nta9s--,pelion on ,ossa1 & ,p>nassus on top1 f ! two summits ( :i* !y survey mank9d--a *>m f ,hom] remov+ ,*>on's difficulty ( vision4 ,he sees _m fam\s p1 su* z ,milo1 ,polycrates & ,cyrus2 & he ov]he>s ,croesus & ,solon discuss+ happ9ess1 :ile ,h]mes =etells _! fates4 ,he sees a v>i$ sc5e1 life full ( confusion1 cities l sw>ms ( bees1 :]e ea* has a /+ & /+s 8 neighb\r1 & "s1 l wasps1 h>ass & plund] ! re/2 ov] !m1 l a cl\d1 hang hopes & fe>s #bad & follies1 pleasures & passions & hatr$s4 ,he sees ! ,fates sp9n+ sl5d] ?reads1 soon cut1 f :i* m5 hang ) nev] a ?\ght ( h[ quickly dea? ends _! dreams2 & he comp>es !m to bubbles1 big & little inevitably brok54 ,he w\ld l to %\t to !m to live ) ,dea? ev] be=e _! eyes--:y be s e>ne/ ab\t :at !y c nev] take away8--b ,h]mes tells him x w\ld be useless4 ,he is amaz$ at ! absurdity ( _! burial rites1 & he a/oni%es ,h]mes by quot+ ,hom] on ! subject4 ,la/ ( all he witnesses a battle & cries out at ! folly ( x4 ,su*1 he concludes1 is ! life ( mis]able m5--& n a ^w ab\t ,*>on4#de ,9 ! same way & 9 ! same _s ,m5ippus visits ! ,l[] ,_w1 :]e he sees ,m9os judg+ ! dead4 ,m9os too seems to h be5 int]e/$ 9 lit]ature1 = he r$uc$ ! s5t5ce ^u ,dionysius1 ! tyrant ( ,syracuse1 on ! v prop] gr\nd ( 8 g5]osity to au?ors4 ,b ! g5]al picture has less hum\r4 ,we ent]$ ! ,a*]usian pla91 & !re we f\nd ! demi-gods1 & ! h]o9es1 & ! g5]al ?rong ( ! dead 9 nations & tribes1 "s anci5t & m\ld]+1 '/r5g?less heads' z ,hom] says1 o!rs fre% & hold+ toge!r--,egyptians ^! 9 ! ma91 s ?or\ghly good is _! embalm+4 ,b to "k "o f ano!r 0 no easy task2 all become s mu* alike :5 ! bones are b>$2 yet ) pa9s & long scrut9y we began to recognize !m4 ,!y lay pell-mell 9 undi/+ui%able heaps1 ) none ( _! e>?ly beauties left4 ,) s _m skeletons pil$ toge!r1 all z l z c\ld be1 eyes gl>+ gha/ly & vacant1 tee? gleam+ b>e1 ,i knew n to tell ,!rsites f ,nireus ! fair4444 ,= none ( _! anci5t m>ks rema9$1 & _! bones 7 alike1 unc]ta91 unlabell$1 undi/+ui%able4 ,:5 ,i saw all ?is1 ! life ( man came be=e me "u ! lik5ess ( a great pageant1 arrang$ & m>%all$ by ,*ance1 :o assigns ! p>ts & reassigns !m z %e pleases2 & !n ! pageant ends1 e "o disrobes & all are alike4 ,su* is human life1 z x seem$ to me :ile ,i gaz$4#df ,ov] & ov] aga9 ) e acc5t ( irony ! "o moral is en=c$--sometimes ) %e] brutality z 9 ! tract on ,m\rn+4 #bae ,m5ippus ask$ ,teiresias 9 ! %ades :at 0 ! be/ life4 ,he 0 a bl9d little old man1 & pale1 & _h a weak voice4 ,he said3 ,! life ( ord9>y p is be/1 &1 wis]2 cease f ! folly ( metaphysics1 ( inquiry into orig9s & purposes2 spit ^u ^? clev] syllogisms & c\nt all ^! ?+s idle talk2 & pursue "o end alone1 h[ y may well arrange ! pres5t & g on y\r way ) a laugh = mo/ ?+s & no en?usiasms4#dg ,9 fact1 ! unexam9$ life is ! only "o1 z _m a we>y ?9k] has felt--if x 7 b possible4 ,sid5ote3 ,criticism ( ,lucian ,goe!'s criticism on ,he9e may p]haps be appli$ to ,lucian--,we _c d5y t he has _m brilliant qualities1 b he is want+ 9 love 444 & ?us he w nev] produce ! effect :i* he ought4#dh ,v>i\s views h be5 held ( ,lucian's contribution to ! religi\s movem5t ( ! age2 x has ev5 be5 sugge/$ t 8 ,dialogues advanc$ ! cause ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,b :5 "o reflects ^u ! t5d] he>ts to be f\nd 9 ! lit]ature ( ! c5tury1 x is difficult to ?9k t ,lucian c h _h any effect on ! mass ( s]i\s p1 unless to quick5 9 !m by repulsion ! desire = some?+ less t]rible ?an a godless _w ( mock]y & dea?1 & ! impulse to seek x 9 ! ance/ral fai? ( _! fa!rs4 ,he did n love m5 en\gh to und]/& _! inmo/ m9d4 ,! in/9cts t drove m5 back ^u ! old religion 7 among ! deepe/ 9 human nature1 & ( _! /r5g? ,lucian _h no idea4 ,8 admir]s to-day speak ( him z "o ^: "q 0 always ,is x true8 ,we h se5 t x 0 a "q lightly ask$ & quickly answ]$4 ,x is evid5t en\gh t 8 mock]y ( religion has "s w>rant 9 ! follies & sup]/itions ( 8 day4 ,b su* criticism z 81 bas$ ^u k incomplete & sympa?y imp]fect1 is ( little value4 ,if a man's judgm5t ^u religion is n to be ext]nal1 he mu/ h felt ! ne$ ( a religion1--he mu/ h _h at "s "t ! consci\sness ( imp]ative crav+s & in/9cts :i* only a religion c satisfy4 ,su* crav+s are op5 to criticism1 b m5 c nei!r be laugh$ out ( !m1 nor inde$ reason$ out ( !m2 & h[ev] absurd a religion may seem1 & h[ev] defective x may be1 if x is #baf /ill ! only available satisfaction ( ! deepe/ ne$s ( :i* m5 are consci\s1 x w hold its own1 despite mock]y & despite philosophy--z we %all see 9 ! c\rse ( ! *apt]1 ?\gh two m critics ( religion rema9 to be notic$4 ,sid5ote3 ,sextus ,empiricus ,lucian 0 n ! only man :o s\ght to br+ ! age back to s\nd & untr\bl$ ?9k+4 ,!re 0 a physician1 ,sextus--kn[n f ! s*ool ( m$ic9e to :i* he belong$ z ,sextus ,empiricus--:o wrote a numb] ( books ab\t ! end ( ! second c5tury or ! beg9n+ ( ! ?ird 9 def5ce ( ,scepticism4 ,a m$ical "w ( 81 & a treatise on ! ,s\l are lo/1 b 8 ,pyrrhonean ,sket*es & 8 books ,aga9/ ! ,dogmati/s rema9--writt5 9 a ,greek :i* sugge/s t he 0 himself a ,greek & n a =eign] us+ ! language4 ,physici/s1 ma!maticians1 gramm>ians1 morali/s1 a/rolog]s1 come "u 8 survey1 & ! p>ticul> att5tion :i* he gives to ! ,/oics is a mat]ial fact 9 fix+ 8 date1 = aft] ab\t #bjj ,a4,d4 !y cease to be ( importance4 ,8 own po9t ( view a %ort extract f 8 sket*es w exhibit fully en\gh = our pres5t purpose4 ,! aim ( ! ,sceptic is at>axia fre$om f m5tal p]turbation or excitem5t 9 matt]s :i* dep5d on op9ion1 & 9 ?+s :i* are inevitable re/ra9t ( ! feel+s 7metriopa!ian74 ,= he began to philosophise 9 ord] to judge 8 impressions 7phantasias7 & to discov] :i* ( !m are true & :i* false1 s z to be free f p]turbation4 ,b he came to a po9t :]e ! argum5ts 7 at once diametrically opposite & ( equal weight2 & !n1 z he c\ld n decide1 he susp5d$ judgm5t 7epes*571 & z soon z he _h done s1 !re foll[$ z if by accid5t ?is v fre$om f p]turbation 9 ! region ( op9ion4 ,= if a man op9es any?+ to be good or bad 9 its ess5tial nature1 he is always 9 p]turbation4 ,:5 he has n ! ?+s t appe> to him to be good1 he consid]s himself tortur$ by ! ?+s evil by nature1 & he pursues ! good 7z he supposes !m to be72 b1 z soon z he has !m1 he falls into ev5 m p]turbations1 ?r\gh be+ uplift$ out ( all reason & measure1 & f fe> ( *ange he does ev]y?+ n to lose ! ?+s t seem to him to be good4 ,b ! man1 :o makes no def9itions z to :at is good or bad by #bag nature1 nei!r avoids nor pursues any?+ ) eag]ness1 & is !re=e unp]turb$4 ,:at is relat$ ( ,apelles ! pa9t] has 9 fact befall5 ! ,sceptic4 ,! /ory goes t he 0 pa9t+ a horse & wi%$ to repres5t ! foam ( its m\? 9 8 picture2 b he 0 s unsuccessful t he gave x up1 & took ! sponge1 on :i* he us$ to wipe ! col\rs f 8 bru%1 & ?rew x at ! picture4 ,! sponge hit ! picture & produc$ a lik5ess ( ! horse's foam4 ,! ,sceptics !n hop$ to ga9 at>axia by =m+ "s decision on ! lack ( correspond5ce betwe5 ?+s z !y appe> to ! eye & to ! m9d2 !y 7 unable to d x1 & s susp5d$ judgm5t 7epes*572 & !n z if by accid5t ! at>axia foll[$---j z a %ad[ foll[s a body4 ,we d n say t ! ,sceptic is untr\bl$ 9 e way1 b we own he is tr\bl$ by ?+s t are q inevitable4 ,= we admit t ! ,sceptic is cold sometimes1 & ?ir/y1 & s =?4 ,b ev5 9 ^! matt]s ! un$ucat$ are caught 9 two ways at once1 viz43 by ! actual feel+s & 7n less7 by suppos+ ^! conditions to be bad by nature4 ,! ,sceptic does away ) ! op9ion t any "o ( ^! ?+s is evil 9 its nature1 & s he gets (f m lightly ev5 9 ^! circum/ances4#di ,a view ( ?is k9d 0 h>dly likely to appeal to ! temp] ( ! age1 & ! influ5ce ( ,scepticism 0 practically none4 ,/ill x is int]e/+ to f9d s vigor\s & cle> an expon5t ( ! sy/em fl\ri%+ 9 a p]iod giv5 ov] to ! beliefs t ,lucian p>odi$ & ,apuleius accept$4 ,sextus1 x may be add$1 is ! sole repres5tative ( anci5t ,scepticism ^: works h come d[n to u 9 any complete =m4 ,"o v obscure p]son ( ?is p]iod rema9s to be notic$1 :o 9 8 small sph]e gave 8 views to mank9d 9 a way ( 8 own4 ,9 #ahhd two ,fr5* s*ol>s1 ,,mm4 ,holleaux & ,p>is 7 explor+ ! ru9s ( ,o9o&a1 a ,greek city 9 ,lycia1 & !y came ^u a numb] ( inscrib$ /ones1 mo/ ( !m built 9 a wall4 ,:at 0 unusual 0 t ^! 7 nei!r fragm5ts ( municipal decrees nor ( private monum5ts1 b all =m$ "p ( "o great inscription :i* dealt app>5tly ) "s philosophic subject4 ,9 ,june #ahie two ,au/rian #bah s*ol>s1 ,,mm4 ,heb]dey & ,kal9ka1 re-collat$ ! inscription & f\nd "s fur!r fragm5ts1 & n[ ! /ory is tol]ably cle>1 & a curi\s "o x is4#ej ,x appe>s t ! fragm5ts orig9ally belong$ to an inscription c>v$ on ! side ( a colonnade1 & !y fall into ?ree s]ies accord+ to _! place on ! wall--"o above ano!r4 ,! middle s]ies consi/s ( columns ( f\rte5 l9es1 ! lett]s #a-a_/b to #b c5timetres high1 fifte5 or sixte5 9 a l9e1--ea* column =m+ a page1 z x 72 & x ext5ds ov] "s tw5ty-"o or two y>ds4 ,! l[e/ s]ies is 9 ! same /yle4 ,on top is a s]ies ( columns add$ lat] 7z ! inscription %[s7 & cut 9 lett]s ( #b-a_/b-c c5timetres1 g5]ally t5 l9es to ! column--! l>g] size to comp5sate = ! great] height above ! gr\nd1 = x 0 all meant to be read4 ,! inscription beg9s3-- ,diog5es to k9sm51 h\sehold & fri5ds1 ?is is my *>ge4 ,be+ s ill t x is critical :e!r ,i yet live or live no long]--= an affection ( ! he>t is c>ry+ me (f--if ,i survive1 ,i w gladly accept ! life yet giv5 to me2 if ,i d n survive1 ,,d444 ,sid5ote3 ,diog5es ( ,o9o&a ,!re ends a column1 & a l9e or two has be5 lo/ at ! top ( :at seems to be ! next1 aft] :i* come ! words a k9dly feel+ = /rang]s also :o may be /ay+ "h1 & ! incomplete /atem5t :i* beg9s kn[+ assur$ly1 t by k ( ! matt]s relat+ to ,nature & feel+s1 :i* ,i h set =? 9 ! spaces bel[4444 ,x is evid5t t ,diog5es _h some?+ to say :i* he consid]$ x a duty to make kn[n4 ,?is proves to h be5 ! ,epicurean !ory ( life2 & "h he _h c>v$ up = all to read a simple exposition ( ! philosophy ( 8 *oice4 ,! upp]mo/ r[ conta9s 8 acc\nt ( 8 purpose & some?+ ^u old age--v fragm5t>y4 ,!re foll[ a lett] ( ,epicurus to 8 "m1 & ano!r lett] f "s "o unid5tifi$ to "o ,m5neas1 & !n a s]ies ( apoph!gms & s5t5ces4 ,?us fragm5t #bg is a column ( t5 l9es to ?is effect3 ,no?+ is s contributive to good spirits1 z n to d _m ?+s1 nor take 9 h& tiresome matt]s1 nor =ce oneself 9 any way beyond "o's own /r5g?1 = all ^! ?+s p]turb nature4 ,ano!r column proclaims3 ,acute #bai pa9s _c be long2 = ei!r !y quickly de/roy life & are !mselves de/roy$ ) x1 or !y receive "s abatem5t ( _! acut5ess4 ,^! platitudes are1 z we may guess1 an aft]?\ght4 ,! middle r[1 ! fir/ to be inscrib$1 deals ) ! ,epicurean !ory ( atoms--n by apoph!gm or aphorism1 b ) some?+ ( ! fulness & te*nicality ( a treatise4 ,h]akleitos ( ,ephesus1 !n1 said fire 0 ! elem5t2 ,?ales ( ,miletus wat]2 ,diog5es ( ,apollonia & ,anaxim5es air2 ,emp$ocles ( ,agrig5tum bo? fire & air & wat] & e>?2 ,anaxagoras ( ,clazom5ae ! homoeom]ies ( ea* ?+ 9 p>ticul>2 ^? ( ! ,/oa matt] & ,god4 ,b ,democritus ( ,abd]a said atomic natures--& he did well2 b s9ce he made "s mi/akes ab\t !m1 ^! w be set "r 9 our op9ions4 ,s n[ we w accuse ! p]sons m5tion$1 n f any feel+ ( illwill aga9/ !m1 b wi%+ ! tru? to be sav$ 7so!nai74 ,s he takes !m 9 turn & argues at leisure4 ,! l>ge fragm5t #de discusses a/ronomy 9 its f\r columns--9 p>ticul>1 ! sun & its app>5t di/ance & its nature4 ,fr4 #dh 7f\r columns7 goes on to treat ( civilization1--( ! developm5t ( dress f leaves to sk9s & wov5 g>m5ts1 )\t ! int]v5tion ( any o!r god or ( ,a!na ei!r4 ,ne$ & "t did all4 ,h]mes did n inv5t language4 ,9 fr4 #ej1 we read t ,protagoras said he did n "k if !re are gods4 ,t is ! same ?+ z say+ he knew !re are n4 ,fr4 #ea deals ) dea?--?\ ha/ ev5 p]suad$ me to laugh at x4 ,= ,i am n a :it afraid because ( ! ,tityos-es & ,tantalus-es1 :om "s p pa9t 9 ,hades1 nor d ,i dread decay1 reflect+ t ! some?+ ( ! body 444 ?ree brok5 l9es 444 nor any?+ else4 ,at ! end ( ! r[ ano!r lett] beg9s 7fr4 #ef7 ,diog5es to ,antipat] greet+4 ,he writes f ,rhodes1 he says1 j be=e w9t] beg9s1 to fri5ds 9 ,a!ns & else:]e1 :om he w\ld l to see4 ,?\gh away f 8 c\ntry1 he kn[s he c d m = x 9 ?is way ?an by tak+ "p 9 political life4 ,he wi%es to %[ t t :i* is conv5i5t to ,nature1 viz4 ,at>axia is ! same = all4 ,he is n[ at ! sunset ( life1 & all b dep>t+2 s1 s9ce mo/ m51 z 9 a pe/il5ce1 are diseas$ ) false op9ion1 :i* is v infecti\s1 he wi%es #bbj to help ^? t %all be aft] u2 = !y too are ours1 ev5 if !y are n yet born2 & /rang]s too4 ,i wi%$ to make use ( ?is colonnade & to set =? 9 public ! m$ic9e ( salvation 7ta tes sot]ias pro!9ai ph>maka1 fr4 #eh74 ,! idle fe>s t oppress$ him1 he has %ak5 (f2 z to pa9s--empty ones he has aboli%$ utt]ly1 & ! re/ are r$uc$ to ! smalle/ compass4 ,he bewails ! life ( m51 wa/$ z x is1 & weeps = x2 & he has c\nt$ x a good man's "p to help m5 z f> z he c4 ,t is :y he has ?\ght ( ?is inscription :i* may enable m5 to obta9 joy ) good spirits 7tes met' eu?umias *>as71 r ?an ( a !atre or a ba? or any?+ else ( ! k9d1 su* z ri* m5 w\ld (t5 build = _! fell[-citiz5s 7fr4 #ei74 ,! discussion :i* foll[s 9 ! ?ird s]ies ( columns ne$ n "h deta9 u4 ,diog5es appeals = its consid]ation--t x may n m]ely be glanc$ at 9 pass+ 7fr4 #fa1 col4 #c72 b x w suffice u at pres5t to note 8 /atem5t t 8 object is t life may become pleasant to u 7fr4 #fc1 col4 #a71 & 8 prote/--,i w swe>1 bo? n[ & always1 cry+ al\d to all1 ,greeks & b>b>ians1 t pleasure is ! objective ( ! be/ mode ( life1 :ile ! virtues1 :i* ^! p n[ unseasonably m$dle ) 7= !y %ift !m f ! region ( ! contributive to t ( ! objective7 are by no means an objective1 b contributive to ! objective 7fr4 #fg1 col4 #b1 #c74 ,la/ly we may notice 8 ref]5ce to ! improvem5t made 9 ! !ory ( ,democritus by ! discov]y ( ,epicurus ( ! sw]ve inh]5t 9 ! atoms 7fr4 #ha74 ,altoge!r ! inscription is z s+ul> a monum5t ( antiquity z we are likely to f9d4 ,:at ! fell[-citiz5s ( ,diog5es ?\ght ( x1 we d n "k4 ,p]haps !y might h pref]r$ ! ba? or o!r commonplace gift ( ! ord9>y ri* man4 ,x is a pity t ,lucian did n see ! colonnade4 ,side by side ) ,lucian1 ,sextus & ,diog5es x is int]e/+ to consid] _! contempor>ies :o 7 n ( _! op9ion4 ,p]haps1 :ile ! /one-masons 7 day by day c>v+ up ! long inscription at ,o9o&a1 o!rs ( _! trade 7 #bba busy across ! ,a,egaean ) "o ( ano!r "*4 ,at any rate1 ! inscription :i* ,m4 ,julius ,apellas set up 9 ! temple ( ,asklepios 9 ,epidauros1 belongs to ?is p]iod4 ,l ,diog5es1 he is n afraid ( detail4 ,sid5ote3 ,m>cus ,julius ,apellas ,9 ! prie/hood ( ,poplius ,a,elius ,antio*us4 ,i1 ,m>cus ,julius ,apellas ( ,idrias & ,mylasa1 0 s5t = by ! ,god1 = ,i 0 a *ronic invalid & suff]$ f dyspepsia4 ,9 ! c\rse ( my j\rney ! ,god told me 9 ,a,egina n to be s irritable4 ,:5 ,i rea*$ ! ,temple1 he direct$ me to keep my head cov]$ = two days2 & = ^! two days x ra9$4 ,i 0 to eat bread & *eese1 p>sley ) lettuce1 to wa% myself )\t help1 to practise runn+1 to dr9k citron-lemonade1 to rub my body on ! sides ( ! ba? 9 ! ba?-room1 to take walks 9 ! upp] portico1 to use ! trapeze1 to rub myself ov] ) s&1 to g ) b>e feet 9 ! ba?-room1 to p\r w9e into ! hot wat] be=e ,i got 91 to wa% myself )\t help1 & to give an ,attic dra*ma to ! ba?-att5dant1 to (f] 9 public sacrifices to ,asklepios1 ,epione & ! ,eleus9ian goddesses1 & to take milk ) honey4 ,:5 = "o day ,i _h drunk milk alone1 ! god said to put honey 9 ! milk to make x dige/ible4 ,:5 ,i call$ ^u ! god to cure me m quickly1 ,i ?\ght x 0 z if ,i _h ano9t$ my :ole body ) mu/>d & salt1 & _h come out ( ! sacr$ hall & gone 9 ! direction ( ! ba?-h\se1 :ile a small *ild 0 go+ be=e hold+ a smok+ c5s]4 ,! prie/ said to me3 ',n[ y are cur$1 b y mu/ pay up ! fees = y\r treatm5t4' ,i act$ accord+ to ! vision1 & :5 ,i rubb$ myself ) salt & moi/5$ mu/>d1 ,i felt ! pa9 /ill1 b :5 ,i _h ba!d1 ,i suff]$ no long]4 ,^! ev5ts took place 9 ! fir/ n9e days aft] ,i _h come to ! ,temple4 ,! god also t\*$ my "r h& & my brea/4 ,! foll[+ day z ,i 0 (f]+ sacrifice1 a flame leapt up & caught my h&1 s z to cause bli/]s4 ,yet aft] a little my h& 0 heal$4 ,z ,i prolong$ my /ay 9 ! ,temple1 ! god told me to use dill along ) olive-oil = my head-a*es4 ,=m]ly ,i _h n suff]$ f head-a*es1 b my /udies _h br\ght #bbb on conge/ion4 ,aft] ,i us$ ! olive-oil1 ,i 0 cur$ ( head-a*es4 ,= swoll5 gl&s ! god told me to use a cold g>gle1 :5 ,i consult$ him ab\t x1 & he ord]$ ! same treatm5t = inflam$ tonsils4 ,he bade me inscribe ?is treatm5t1 & ,i left ! ,temple 9 good heal? & full ( gratitude to ! god4#ea ,sid5ote3 ,pausanias ,pausanias speaks ( ! build+s erect$ 9 our "t by ,anton9us a man ( ! ,conscript ,s5ate--a ,roman ,s5ator 9 fact1#eb--;9 hon\r ( ,asklepios at ,epidauros1 a ba?1 ?ree temples1 a colonnade1 & a h\se :]e a man may die1 & a woman lie 91 )\t s91 = ^! actions 7 n holy )9 ! sanctu>y prec9cts1 & _h _h to be done 9 ! op5 air hi!rto4 ,a m conspicu\s pati5t ( ,asklepios is ,a,elius ,ari/ides1 ! rhetorician4 ,?is brilliant & hypo*ondriacal p]son sp5t ye>s 9 wat*+ 8 symptoms & consult+ ! god ab\t !m4 ,e>ly 9 8 illness ! god in/ruct$ him to record its details1 & he obey$ ) ze/1 ?\gh 9 aft] ye>s he 0 n always able to record ! m9ut] po9ts ) complete cle>ness4 ,he 0 bidd5 to make spee*es1 to rub himself ov] ) mud1 to plunge into icy wat]1 to ride1 &1 once1 to be bl$ to ! am\nt ( #abj litres4 ,z ! human body does n conta9 any?+ l t am\nt ( blood1 & z ! temple s]vants knew ( no "o ev] hav+ be5 cut to t ext5t--at lea/ except ,is*yron1 & 8 0 "o ( ! mo/ rem>kable cases1 ! god 0 n tak5 lit]ally4#ec ,! regul> plan 0 to sleep 9 ! ,temple1 z already m5tion$1 & ! god came4 ,! impression 0 t "o c\ld t\* him1 & p]ceive t he came 9 p]son2 z if "o 7 betwe5 asleep & awake1 & wi%$ to look out & 7 9 an agony le/ he %\ld dep>t too soon1--z if "o held "o's e> & li/5$--sometimes z 9 a dream1 & !n z 9 a wak+ vision--"o's hair 0 on end1 & te>s ( joy 7 %$1 & "o felt light-he>t$4 ,& :o among #bbc m5 c\ld set ?is =? 9 words8 ,yet if !re is "o ( ! initiat$1 he kn[s & recognises :at ,i say4#ed ,none ( ! cases yet quot$ c comp>e ) ! miracles ( anci5t days to be read 9 ! inscriptions ab\t ! place--/ories ( wom5 ) *ild = ?ree & five ye>s1 ( ! extraord9>y surg]y ( ! god1 cutt+ (f ! head ( a dropsical pati5t1 hold+ him upside d[n to let ! wat] run out & putt+ ! head on aga91--a mass ( absurdities h>dly to be mat*$ outside ,! ,glories ( ,m>y4 ,!y make ,lucian's ,philopseudes seem tame4 ,!re 7 o!r gods1 beside ,asklepios1 :o gave oracles 9 %r9e & dream4 ,pausanias ! travell] has left a book on ,greece & its antiquities1 temples1 gods & leg5ds ( extraord9>y value4 ,a man made ( common /uff & ca/ 9 a common m\ld1 z ,dr ,fraz] *>act]izes him1--& !re=e ! m repres5tative--he w5t ?r\gh ,greece ) curi\s eyes & he saw mu* t no "o else has record$4 ,at ,sp>ta /ood ! only temple he knew ( :i* _h an upp] /ory4 ,9 ?is upp] /ory 0 an image ( ,aphrodite ,morpho fett]$#ee--;a silly ?+ he ?\ght x to fett] a c$>-wood doll4 ,he p>ticul>ly visit$ ,phigalea1 because ( ! ,black ,demet]--a curi\s en\gh image %e _h be51 ?\gh by !n de/roy$4#ef ,he 0 initiat$ 9 ! ,eleus9ian my/]ies4#eg ,he tells u t ! /ony remnants ( ! lump ( clay f :i* ,prome!us fa%ion$ ! fir/ man 7 /ill pres]v$1#eh & t ! sceptre :i* ,hephai/os made = ,agamemnon receiv$ a daily sacrifice 9 ,*a]onea1 ,plut>*'s city--a table is set beside x cov]$ ) all sorts ( fle% & cakes4#ei ,he has _m su* /ories4 ,he tells u too ab\t a great _m oracles ( 8 day1 ( :i* t ( ,amphilo*us at ,mallus 9 ,cilicia is ! mo/ infallible#fj--;a curi\sly sugge/ive sup]lative 7apseude/ation74 ,he is greatly #bbd int]e/$ 9 ,asklepios1 b = our pres5t purpose a few s5t5ces f 8 elaborate acc\nt ( ! c]emony ) :i* ,trophonius is consult$ at ,lebadea mu/ suffice4 ,aft] due rites ! inquir] comes to ! oracle1 9 a l95 tunic ) ribbons1 & boots ( ! c\ntry4 ,inside bronze rail+s is a pit ( masonry1 "s f\r ells across & eight deep1 & he goes d[n into x by means ( a light ladd] br\ght = ! occasion4 ,at ! bottom he f9ds a hole1 a v n>r[ "o4 ,s he lays himself on 8 back on ! gr\nd1 & hold+ 9 8 h& b>ley cakes knead$ ) honey1 he ?ru/s 8 feet fir/ into ! hole1 & foll[s himself endeav\r+ to get 8 knees ?r\gh ! hole4 ,:5 !y are ?r\gh1 ! re/ ( 8 body is imm$iately dragg$ aft] !m & %oots 91 j z a man might be caught & dragg$ d[n by ! swirl ( a mighty & rapid riv]4 ,once !y are inside ! %r9e ! future is n reveal$ to all 9 "o & ! same way1 b to "o x is giv5 to see & to ano!r to he>4 ,!y return ?r\gh ! same ap]ture feet =emo/4444 ,:5 a man has come up f ,trophonius1 ! prie/s take him 9 h& aga91 & set him on :at is call$ ! *air ( ,memory1 :i* /&s n f> f ! %r9e2 &1 be+ seat$ !re1 he is que/ion$ by !m z to all he saw & he>d4 ,on be+ in=m$1 !y h& him ov] to 8 fri5ds :o c>ry him1 /ill ov]p[]$ ) fe>1 & q unconsci\s ( himself & 8 surr\nd+s1 to ! build+ :]e he lodg$ be=e1 ! h\se ( ,good ,=tune & ! ,good ,daemon4 ,aft]w>ds1 h[ev]1 he w h all 8 wits z be=e1 & ! p[] ( laught] w come back to him4 ,i write n f m]e he>say3 ,i h myself consult$ ,trophonius & h se5 o!rs :o h done s4 ,all :o h gone d[n to ,trophonius are oblig$ to set up a tablet conta9+ a record ( all !y he>d & saw4#fa ,a man :o has be5 ?r\gh su* an exp]i5ce may be excus$ = believ+ mu*4 ,:ile ,pausanias kept 8 ,greek habit ( criticism & employs x on occasional my?s & traditions1 & p>ticul>ly on /ories ( hell--?\gh ! fact ( puni%m5t aft] dea? he seems to accept--yet 8 travels & 8 inquiries made an impression on him4 ,:5 ,i began ?is "w1 ,i us$ to look on ^! ,greek /ories z little bett] #bbe ?an fooli%ness2 b n[ t ,i h got z f> z ,arcadia1 my op9ion ab\t !m is ?is3 ,i believe t ! ,greeks :o 7 acc\nt$ wise spoke ( old 9 riddles1 & n /raight out2 &1 accord+ly1 ,i conjecture t ?is /ory ab\t ,cronos swall[+ a foal in/ead ( 8 *ild is a bit ( ,greek philosophy4 ,9 matt]s ( religion ,i w foll[ tradition4#fb ,sid5ote3 ,artemidorus ( ,daldia ,pausanias m5tions sev]al oracles & temples ( ,apollo 9 ,greece & ,asia ,m9or--"o obscure local manife/ation ( ! god he naturally en\gh omitt$1 b a fell[-citiz5 ( ! god pres]ves x4 ,x 0 9 ob$i5ce to him1 ! god ( my l&1 t ,i und]took ?is treatise4 ,he (t5 urg$ me to x1 & 9 p>ticul> appe>$ visibly to me 7en>gos epiotanti71#fc s9ce ,i knew !e1 & all b ord]$ me to write all ?is4 ,no wond] t ! ,daldian ,apollo1 :om we call by ! ance/ral "n ( ,my/es1 urg$ me to ?is1 9 c>e = ?y wor? & wisdom1 = !re is an old fri5d%ip betwe5 ,lydians & ,pho5icians1 z !y tell u :o set =? ! leg5ds ( ! l&4#fd ,s writes ,artemidorus to 8 fri5d ,cassius ,maximus ( 8 treatise on ! sci5tific int]pretation ( dreams--a "w ( :i* he is v pr\d4 ,wond] n1 he says1 at ! title1 t ! "n /&s ,artemidorus ,daldianus1 & n '( ,ephesus1' z on _m ( ! books ,i h already writt5 on o!r subjects4 ,= ,ephesus1 x happ5s1 is fam\s on h] own acc\nt1 & %e has _m m5 ( note to proclaim h]4 ,b ,daldia is a t[n ( ,lydia ( no great r5[n1 &1 z %e has _h no su* m51 %e has rema9$ unkn[n till my day4 ,s ,i d$icate ?is to h]1 my native-place on ! "m's side1 z a p>5t's due ?rept]ia4#fe ,m>cus ,aurelius records 8 gratitude t rem$ies h be5 %[n to me by dreams1 bo? o!rs1 & aga9/ blood-spitt+ & gidd9ess4#ff ,plut>*1 ,pausanias1 ,ari/ides--dreams #bbf come into ! s*eme ( ?+s div9e ) all ! dev\t ( our p]iod4 ,artemidorus is _! humble bro!r--n ! fir/ to give a :ole book to dreams1 b pr\d to be a pione] 9 ! really sci5tific treatm5t ( !m--! accuracy ( ! judgm5ts1 t is ! ?+ = :i*1 ev5 by itself1 ,i ?9k highly ( myself4#fg ,! critic may take x t ,i too am q capable ( neologisms & p]suasive rhetoric 7ehuresiloge9 kai pi?aneu?ai71 b ,i h n und]tak5 all ?is = !atrical effect or to please ! spee*-mong]s2 ,i appeal ?r\gh\t to exp]i5ce1 z canon & witness ( my words1 & he begs 8 read]s nei!r to add to 8 books nor take any?+ away4#fh ,8 writ+ is1 z he says1 q free f ! /age & trag$y /yle4 ,artemidorus takes himself v s]i\sly4 ,= "o ?+1 !re is no book on ! int]pretation ( dreams t ,i h n acquir$1 = ,i _h great en?usiasm = ?is2 &1 9 ! next place1 ?\gh ! prophets 7manteon7 9 ! m>ket-place are mu* sl&]$1 & call$ begg>s & quacks & humbugs by ! g5tlem5 ( solemn c\nt5ance & lift$ eye-br[s1 ,i despis$ ! sl&] & = _m ye>s ,i h associat$ ) !m--bo? 9 ,greece1 9 cities & at fe/ivals1 & 9 ,asia1 & 9 ,italy1 & 9 ! l>ge/ & mo/ popul\s ( ! isl&s1 cons5t+ to he> anci5t dreams & _! results4#fi ,?is pati5t rese>* has result$ 9 pr9ciples ( classification4#gj ,!re are dreams t m]ely repeat :at a man is do+ 7enuphnia72 & o!rs 7oneipoi7 :i* are prophetic4 ,^! la/ fall into two classes--!orematic dreams1 z :5 a man dreams ( a voyage1 & wakes to g ^u a voyage1 & allegoric dreams4 ,! latt] adjective has a great hi/ory 9 regions m augu/1 b ! allegoric me?od is ! same ev]y:]e1 z an illu/ration w %[4 ,a man dream$ he saw ,*>on play+ at c\nt]s ) ano!r man1 :om he call$ away on bus9ess2 ,*>on grew angry & *as$ him1 till he ran = refuge into an inn call$ #bbg ,! ,camel1 & bolt$ ! door1 :]eupon ! daemon w5t away1 b "o ( ! man's ?ighs spr\t$ ) grass4 ,%ortly aft] ?is dream he _h 8 ?igh brok5--! "o & sole ev5t =etold4 ,= ,*>on & ! c\nt]s meant dea?1 b ,*>on did n cat* him1 s x 0 %[n t he w\ld n die2 b 8 foot 0 ?reat5$1 s9ce he 0 pursu$4 ,! "n ( ! inn h9t$ at ! ?igh1 because ( ! anatomy ( a camel's ?igh2 & ! grass meant disuse ( ! limb1 = grass only gr[s :]e ! e>? is left at re/4#ga ,! passage is wor? rememb]+ :5ev] we meet ! ^w allegory & its d]ivatives 9 contempor>y lit]ature4 ,artemidorus has five books ( ?is /uff--! la/ two d$icat$ to 8 son1 & conta9+ in/ances t w make y a bett] int]pret] ( dreams ?an all1 or at lea/ inf]ior to none2 b1 if publi%$1 !y w %[ y "k no m ?an ! re/4#gb ,! s5t5ce sugge/s sci5ce decl9+ into pr(ession4 ,sid5ote3 ,apuleius ,f> m brilliant1 m amus+ & m attractive ?an any ( ^! m51 :om we h consid]$ s9ce we left ,lucian1 is ,apuleius ( ,madaura4 ,rhetorician1 philosoph] & man ( sci5ce1 a /ory-tell] wav]+ betwe5 ,boccaccio & ,hans ,&]s51 he is above all a /yli/1 a pieti/ & a humori/4 ,= 8 hi/ory we dep5d ^u himself1 & ?is involves u 9 difficulties2 =1 :ile autobiography runs ?r\gh two ( 8 works1 "o ( ^! is an elaboration ( a def5ce he made on a *>ge ( magic & ! o!r is a novel ( no discov]able class b its own1 & ?r\gh bo? runs a ve9 ( nons5se1 :i* makes "o *>y ( be+ too lit]al4 ,! novel is ! ,gold5 ,ass--t at lea/ is :at ,/ ,augu/9e tells u ! au?or call$ x4#gc ,passages f ?is h be5 s]i\sly us$ z s\rces ( in=mation z to ! au?or4 ,b !re is ano!r ,ass1 long attribut$ to ,lucian ?\gh probably n ,lucian's1 & 9 ea* case ! h]o tells ! tale 9 ! fir/ p]son1 & ! co-incid5ces betwe5 ! ,greek & ! ,lat9 make x obvi\s t !re is "s #bbh lit]>y connexion betwe5 !m1 :atev] x is4 ,! sc5e is ,greece & ,!ssaly1 b n ! ,greece & ,!ssaly ( geography1 any m ?an ! m>itime ,bohemia ( ,%akespe>e4 ,yet 9 ! la/ book ,apuleius seems to h =gott5 ,lucius ( ,patrae & to be giv+ u exp]i5ces ( 8 own :i* h no?+ to d ) ! h]o ( ! ,ass1 ,greek or ,lat94 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,apology ( ,apuleius ,9 ! ,apology he comes clos] to 8 own c>e] & he tells u ab\t himself4 ,"h he does n v5ture on ! delightful ass]tion t he is ! desc5dant ( ! great ,plut>*1 z ! h]o ( ! ,ass does1 b av[s t1 z 8 native place is on ! fronti]s ( ,numidia & ,gaetulia1 he calls himself half ,numidian & half ,gaetulian--j z ,cyrus ! ,great] 0 half ,m$e & half ,p]sian4 ,8 city is a mo/ spl5did colony1 & 8 fa!r held 9 turn all its magi/racies1 & he hopes n to be unwor?y ( him4#gd ,he & 8 bro!r inh]it$ two million se/]ces1 ?\gh he has less5$ 8 %>e by di/ant travel & long /udies & con/ant lib]alities4#ge ,else:]e he tells u def9itely t he 0 educat$ at ,a!ns4#gf ,ev]ybody goes to ! litt]ator = 8 rudim5ts1 to ! gramm>ian next & !n to ! rhetorician--b ,i drank f o!r vessels at ,a!ns1 s ,emp$ocles frames songs1 ,plato dialogues1 ,socrates hymns1 ,epi*>mus measures1 ,x5ophon hi/ories1 ,x5ocrates satires2 y\r ,apuleius does all ^! & cultivates ! n9e ,muses ) equal zeal--) m w1 t is1 ?an skill4#gg ,l _m brilliant m5 ( 8 day he took to ! /roll+ life ( ! rhetorician1 go+ f city to city & giv+ displays ( 8 p[]s ( language1 extemporiz+ wond]ful comb9ations ( words4 ,ei!r he himself or "s o!r admir] made a collection ( elegant extracts f ^! exhibition-spee*es1 /ill extant "u ! title ( ,florida4 ,8 fame to-day re/s on o!r works4 ,9 ! c\rse ( 8 travels he came to ,oea 9 8 native-l&1 & !re m>ri$ ! wid[$ "m ( a fell[-/ud5t ( 8 ,a!nian days4 ,h] late husb&'s family res5t$ ! m>riage2 & affect+ to believe t h] affections _h be5 ga9$ by #bbi "s sort ( wit*craft1 !y prosecut$ ,apuleius on a *>ge ( magic4 ,! *>ge 0 9 itself r a s]i\s "o1 ?\gh ,apuleius made light ( x4 ,8 def5ce is an int]e/+ docum5t = ! glimpses x gives into ,nor? ,african society1 ) its ,greek1 ,lat91 & ,punic elem5ts4 ,! y\ng] /epson has fall5 into bad h&s2 he nev] speaks except 9 ,punic1--a little ,greek1 p]haps1 surviv+ f :at he le>nt ( 8 "m2 ,lat9 he nei!r w nor c speak4#gh ,on family life1 on m>riage cu/oms1 on ! regi/ration ( bir?s 7c4 #hi72--on ! p]sonal habits ( ! def5dant1 8 too?p[d] 7& a v]se he made 9 its praise7 & 8 look+-glass1 we ga9 curi\s in=mation4 ,above all ! spee* %$s great light on ! int]-relations ( magic & religion 9 contempor>y ?\ght4 ,a few po9ts may be notic$4 ,:at1 asks ! prosecution1 is ! mean+ ( ?is curi\s int]e/ ,apuleius has 9 fi%8 ,x is zoological1 says ,apuleius2 ,i h writt5 books on fi%1 bo? 9 ,greek & ,lat91--& dissect$ !m4 ,t curi\s /ory1 too1 ( ! boy fall+ d[n 9 8 pres5ce8 ,z to t1 ,apuleius kn[s all ab\t div9ation by means ( boys put "u magical influ5ce2 he has read ( x1 ( c\rse1 b he does n "k :e!r to believe or n2 ,i d ?9k ) ,plato1 he owns to ! c\rt 7or to 8 read]s71 t betwe5 gods & m51 9 nature & 9 place int]m$i>y1 !re are c]ta9 div9e p[]s1 & ^! preside ov] all div9ations & ! miracles ( magicians4 ,nay1 m1 ,i h ! fancy t ! human s\l1 p>ticul>ly ! simple s\l ( a boy1 might1 :e!r by evocation ( *>m or by mollification ( od\r1 be laid to sleep1 & s br\ght out ( itself into oblivion ( ?+s pres5t1 & = a brief space1 all memory ( ! body put away1 x might be re/or$ & return$ to its own nature1 :i* is inde$ immortal & div9e1 & ?us1 9 a c]ta9 type ( slumb]1 =etell ! future4#gi ,z = ! boy 9 "q1 h[ev]1 he is s ricketty t x w\ld take a magician to keep him /&+4 ,!n ^? my/]i\s some?+s :i* ,apuleius keeps #bcj wrapp$ up 9 a napk98 ,i h be5 initiat$ 9 _m ( ! my/]ies ( ,greece4 ,c]ta9 symbols & memorials ( ^!1 giv5 to me by ! prie/s1 ,i s$ul\sly pres]ve4 ,i say no?+ unusual1 no?+ unkn[n4 ,to take "o in/ance1 ^? among y :o are my/ae ( ,fa!r ,lib] ,bac*us "k :at x is y keep laid away at home1 & wor%ip 9 secret1 f> f all pr(ane eyes4 ,n[1 ,i1 z ,i said1 f en?usiasm = tru? & duty t[>d ! gods1 ,i h le>nt _m sacr$ my/]ies1 v _m holy rites1 & div]s c]emonies--! audi5ce w rememb] he said z mu* ?ree ye>s ago 9 8 n[ v fam\s spee* ab\t ,a,esculapius--!n c\ld x seem /range to anyone1 :o has any ?\ght ( religion1 t a man1 admitt$ to s _m div9e my/]ies1 %\ld keep c]ta9 emblems ( ^? holy ?+s at home1 & wrap !m 9 l951 ! pure/ cov]+ = ?+s div9e8 ,"s m5--! prosecutor among !m--c\nt x mir? to mock ?+s div9e2 no1 he goes to no temple1 has nev] pray$1 w n ev5 put 8 h& to 8 lips :5 he passes a %r9e1--:y6 he has n s mu* z an ano9t$ /one or a g>l&$ b\gh on 8 f>m4#hj ,"o la/ fl\ri% may des]ve quotation4 ,if y c prove1 says ,apuleius1 any mat]ial advantage accru+ to me f my m>riage1 !n write me d[n ! great ,c>m5das or ,damig]on or 8 444 ,moses or ,jannes or ,apollobe*es or ,d>danus himself1 or anyone else f ,zoroa/] & ,o/anes d[nw>ds :o has be5 fam\s among magicians4#ha ,sev]al ( ^! names occur 9 o!r au?ors1#hb b ! corruption is m int]e/+4 ,has "s comp>ative fall5 out1 or does 8 conceal ano!r "n8 ,is x ihs1 9 fact1--a ref]5ce to ,jesus analog\s to ! sugge/ion ( ,celsus t he too 0 a magician8 ,! philosophical works ( ,apuleius ne$ n deta9 u1 b a little space may be sp>$ to 8 book ,on ! ,god ( ,socrates1 :]e he sets =? 9 a cle> & vivid way t doctr9e ( daemonic be+s1 :i* lies at ! he>t ( anci5t #bca religion1 pre-em95tly 9 ?is p]iod1 f ,plut>* onw>ds4 ,8 pres5tm5t is sub/antially ! same z ,plut>*'s1 b crisp] altoge!r1 & set =? 9 ! brilliant rhetoric1 to :i* ! ,greek did n aspire1 & f :i* ! ,african c\ld n escape1 nor inde$ wi%$ to escape4 ,plato1 he says1 classifies ! gods 9 ?ree gr\ps1 di/+ui%$ by _! place 9 ! univ]se4#hc ,( ! cele/ial gods "s we c see--sun1 moon & />s#hd 7on :i*1 l a true rhetorician1 he digresses into "s f9e language1 :i* c be omitt$74 ,o!rs ! m9d alone c grasp 7intellectu eos rimabundi contemplamur7--incorporeal natures1 animate1 ) nei!r beg9n+ nor end1 et]nal be=e & aft]1 exempt f contagion ( body2 9 p]fect intellect possess+ supreme beatitude2 good1 b n by p>ticipation ( any extrane\s good1 b f !mselves4 ,_! fa!r1 "l & au?or ( all ?+s1 free f e nexus ( suff]+ or do+--him ,plato1 ) cele/ial eloqu5ce & language comm5surate ) ! immortal gods1 has decl>$ to be1 9 virtue ( ! ineffable imm5sity ( 8 incr$ible maje/y1 beyond ! pov]ty ( human spee* or def9ition--:ile ev5 to ! sages !mselves1 :5 by =ce ( s\l !y h remov$ !mselves f ! body1 ! conception ( ,god comes1 l a fla% ( light 9 ?ick d>kness--a fla% only1 & x is gone4#he ,at ! o!r extremity ( creation are m5--pr\d 9 reason1 l\d 9 spee*1 immortal ( s\l1 mortal ( memb]1 9 m9d light & anxi\s1 9 body brute & feeble1 div]s 9 "*1 9 error ! same1 9 d>+ p]vicaci\s1 9 hope1 p]t9aci\s1 ( va9 toil1 ( frail =tune1 sev]ally mortal1 g5]ally cont9u\s1 mutable 9 ! succession ( (fspr+1 "t fleet+1 wisdom l+]+1 dea? swift & life qu]ul\s1 s !y live4#hf ,betwe5 su* be+s & ! gods1 contact _c be4 ,to :om !n %all ,i recite pray]s8 to :om t5d] v[s8 to :om slay victim8 on :om %all ,i call1 to #bcb help ! wret*$1 to fav\r ! good1 to c\nt] ! evil8 4444 ,:at ?9ke/ ?\8 ,%all ,i swe> 'by ,jove ! /one' 7p] ,iovem lapidem7 aft] ! mo/ anci5t mann] ( ,rome8 ,yet if ,plato's ?\ght be true1 t nev] god & man c meet1 ! /one w he> me m easily ?an ,jupit]4#hg ,nay1 n s f>--7= ,plato %all answ]1 ! ?\ght is 81 if m9e ! voice7 n s f>1 he sai?1 d ,i pron\nce ! gods to be sejunct & ali5ate f u1 z to ?9k t n ev5 our pray]s c rea* !m4 ,n f ! c>e ( human affairs1 b f contact1 h ,i remov$ !m4 ,b !re are c]ta9 m$i>y div9e p[]s1 betwe5 ae!r above & e>? b5ea?1 situate 9 t mid space ( air1 by :om our desires & our des]ts rea* ! gods4 ,^! ! ,greeks call daemons1 c>ri]s betwe5 human & heav5ly1 h5ce ( pray]s1 !nce ( gifts2 back & =? !y f>e1 h5ce ) petition1 !nce ) suffici5cy1 int]pret]s & br+]s ( salvation4#hh ,to cut %ort ?is fl[ ( words1 ! daemons are1 z is famili> to u by n[1 au?ors ( div9ation ( all k9ds1 ea* 9 its prov9ce4 ,x w\ld ill fit ! maje/y ( ! gods to s5d a dream to ,hannibal or to s(t5 ! :et/one = ,attius ,navius--^! are ! functions ( ! int]m$iate spirits4#hi ,ju/9's explanation ( ! !ophanies ( ! ,old ,te/am5t may recur to ! read]'s m9d1 & n unju/ly4#ij ,! daemons are fram$ ( a pur] & r>] matt] ?an we1 ( t pure/ liquid ( air1 ( t s]5e elem5t1 invisible !re=e to u unless ( _! div9e w !y *oose to be se54#ia ,f _! ranks come ^? hat]s & lov]s ( m51 :om ! poets describe z gods--!y feel pity & indignation1 pa9 & joy & e feature ( ! human m9d2 :ile ! gods above are lords ev] ( "o /ate 9 et]nal equability1 & "k no passions ( any k9d4 ,! daemons %>e _! immortality & our passion4 ,h5ce we may accept ! local div]sities ( religi\s cult1 rites nocturnal or diurnal1 victims1 c]emonies & ritual sad or gay1 ,egyptian #bcc or ,greek1--neglect ( ^! ?+s ! daemons res5t1 z we le>n 9 dream & oracle4 ,! human s\l1 too1 is a daemon 9 a body--! ,g5ius ( ! ,lat9s4 ,f ?is we may believe t aft] dea? s\ls good & bad become good & bad gho/s--,l>es & ,lemures--& ev5 gods1 su* z ,osiris 9 ,egypt & ,a,esculapius ev]y:]e4#ib ,high] /ill are su* daemons z ,sleep & ,love1 & ( ?is high] k9d ,plato supposes our gu>dian spirits to be--spectators & gu>dians ( individual m51 nev] se51 ev] pres5t1 arbit]s n m]ely ( all acts1 b ( all ?\ghts1 & aft] dea? witnesses = or aga9/ u4 ,( su* 0 ,socrates' famili> daemon4 ,:y %\ld n we too live aft] ! model ( ,socrates1 /udy+ philosophy & obey+ our daemon8 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,gold5 ,ass ,! ,gold5 ,ass is ! *ief "w ( ,apuleius4 ,lector int5de2 laetab]is1 he says 9 end+ 8 %ort preface1 & he judg$ 8 "w aright4 ,! h]o1 ,lucius1 is a man ) an extravagant int]e/ 9 magic1 & he puts himself 9 ! way ( he>+ ! mo/ wond]ful /ories ( wit*craft & en*antm5t4 ,apuleius tells !m ) ! utmo/ livel9ess & hum\r4 ,magical trans=mations1 ! v5geance ( wit*es1 ! vivification ( wat]sk9s--"o tale comes cr[d+ aft] ano!r1 real & vivid1 ) ! mo/ al>m+ & ! mo/ amus+ details4 ,= example1 we are told by an eye-witness 7l ev]ybody else 9 ! book he is a ma/]-h& at /ory-tell+7 h[ he saw wit*es by night cut ! ?roat ( 8 fri5d1 draw out ! he>t & plug ! hole ) a sponge2 h[ t]rifi$ he 0 ( ! hags to beg9 )1 & !n le/ he %\ld himself be accus$ ( ! murd]2 h[ ! man rose & w5t on 8 j\rney--some:at we>ily1 x is true2 & h[1 z !y re/$1 he /oop$ to dr9k1 ! sponge fell out & he 0 dead4 ,lucius m$dles ) ! drugs ( a wit*1 &1 wi%+ to trans=m himself to a bird1 by ! ill-luck ( us+ ! wrong box he becomes an ass4 ,he is c>ri$ (f by robb]s1 &1 :ile he has ! mo/ v>i$ adv5tures ( 8 own1 he is enabl$ to record "s ( ! mo/ gorge\s exploits t #bcd brig&s ev] told "o ano!r 9 an ass's he>+4#ic ,:at is m1 a "y girl is captur$ & held to ransom1 & to com=t h] = a little1 ! old woman :o cooks ! robb]s' food--a witless & bibul\s old hag--tells h] a /ory--su* a pretty little tale1 t ! ass1 :o is li/5+1 wi%es he _h p5 & pap] to take x d[n4 ,=1 :ile 9 aspect ,lucius is an ass1 8 m9d rema9s human--human en\gh to reflect sometimes :at a g5u9e ass he is--& 8 sk9 has n1 he regrets1 ! prop] ?ickness ( true ass-hide4 ,! tale :i* he w\ld l to write d[n is ,cupid & ,psy*e4 ,erant 9 quadam civitate1 beg9s ! old woman--,!re 7 9 a c]ta9 city a k+ & a que54 ,! old & univ]sal fairy-tales ( ! invisible husb&1 ! cruel si/]s1 & ! impossible que/s are "h wov5 toge!r & br\ght into connexion ) ! ,olympic pan!on1 & ?r\gh all runs a slight ?read1 only "h & !re visible1 ( allegory4 ,b if ,psy*e is at times ! s\l1 & if ! daught] %e be>s to ,cupid is ,pleasure1 ! fairy-tale triumphs glori\sly ov] ! allegory1 & rema9s ! mo/ wond]ful ?+ ( ! k9d 9 ,lat94 ,"h1 & 9 ! ,gold5 ,ass 9 g5]al1 ! extraord9>ily embroid]$ language ( ,apuleius is f> m 9 keep+ ?an 9 8 philosophic writ+s4 ,8 hundr$s ( dim9utives & neologisms1 8 anti!ses1 allit]ations1 assonances1 figures & tropes1 8 brilliant inv5tion1 8 fun & hum\r1 "h h full scope & add pleasure to e fre% episode ( ! fairy-tale & ( ! l>g] & m miscellane\s tale ( adv5ture 9 :i* x is set--9 ! /range/ sett+ conceivable4 ,cupid & ,psy*e is 8 own addition to ! /ory ( ! ,ass--q irrelevant1 & l _m o!r irrelevant ?+s 9 books an imm5se enri*m5t4 ,ano!r developm5t ( ! orig9al /ory :i* is simil>ly due to ,apuleius alone is ! climax 9 ! la/ book4 ,! ass1 9 ! ,greek /ory1 becomes a man by eat+ roses4 ,9 ! ,lat91 ,lucius1 we>y ( ! life ( an ass1 f9ds himself by moonlight on ! sea%ore ne> ,cor9?1 & amid ! sil5t #bce secrets ( opaque night1 he reflects t ! supreme goddess rules 9 transc5d5t maje/y & gov]ns human affairs by h] provid5ce4 ,s he addresses a r too eloqu5t pray] to ! ,que5 ( ,heav5 "u h] v>i\s possible names1 ,c]es1 ,v5us1 ,diana & ,pros]p9e4 ,he !n falls asleep1 & at once lo6 f mid sea1 uplift+ a c\nt5ance v5]able ev5 to gods1 em]ges a div9e =m4 ,gradually ! vision1 gleam+ all ov]1 & %ak+ (f ! sea1 seem$ to /& be=e me4 ,a cr[n ( fl[]s re/s on h] fl[+ hair4 ,glitt]+ />s1 ! moon1 fl[]s & fruits1 are wr\ght into h] raim5t1 :i* %imm]s :ite & yell[ & r$ z ! light falls ^u x4 ,9 "o h& is a si/rum1 9 ! o!r a gold5 vessel %ap$ l a boat1 ) an asp = its h&le4#id ,%e speaks4 ,sid5ote3 ,isis ,lo6 ,i come 9 answ]1 ,lucius1 to ?y pray]s1 ,i "m ( ,nature1 mi/ress ( all ! elem5ts1 initial (fspr+ ( ages1 *ief ( div9ities1 que5 ( ! dead1 fir/ ( ! heav5ly ones1 9 "o =m express+ all gods & goddesses4 ,i rule ) my rod ! bright p9nacles ( heav51 ! heal?ful breezes ( ! sea1 ! weep+ sil5ce ( ! _w bel[4 ,my sole godhead1 9 _m an aspect1 ) _m a v>i\s rite1 & _m a "n1 all ! _w wor%ips4 ,"s ( ^! names %e recites1 & !n decl>es h] true "n1 ,que5 ,isis4#ie ,! next day is h] fe/ival1 %e says1 & h] prie/1 taught by h] 9 a dream1 w t5d] ,lucius ! ne$ful roses2 he w eat & be a man aga94 ,b h]eaft] all 8 life mu/ be devot$ to ! goddess1 & !n 9 ! ,elysian fields he %all see h] aga91 %9+ amid ! d>kness ( ,a*]on1 propiti\s to him4 ,! next day all falls z pr$ict$4 ,! procession ( ,isis is elaborately describ$4#if ,! prelude ( ! pomp is a s]ies ( m5 dress$ 9 v>i\s *>act]s1--"o l a soldi]1 ano!r l a woman1 o!rs l a gladiator1 a philosph] & s =?4 ,!re is a tame be> dress$ l a woman1 & a monkey 9 a ,phrygian g>m5t ( saffron4 ,!n come wom5 9 :ite1 cr[n$ ) fl[]s1 "s ) mirrors hang+ on _! backs1 "s c>ry+ ivory combs4 ,m5 & wom5 foll[ ) tor*es & lamps2 !n a *oir ( #bcf y\?s 9 :ite1 s++ a hymn1 & fluteplay]s d$icat$ to ,s]apis4 ,aft] ?is a cr[d ( initiates ( bo? sexes1 ( e age & degree1 dress$ 9 :ite l95 & c>ry+ si/ra1--! m5 ) %av5 heads4 ,!n came five *ief prie/s ) emblems1 & aft] !m ! images ( ! gods borne by o!r prie/s--,anubis ) 8 dog's head1 black & gold--aft] him ! figure ( a c[ ! prolific image ( ! all-"m goddess 7:i* "o ( ?is bless$ m9i/ry bore on 8 %\ld]1 ) mimick+ gait7--!n an image ( div9ity1 l no?+ mortal1 an ineffable symbol1 wor?y ( all v5]ation = its exquisite art4 ,at ?is po9t came ! prie/ ) ! promis$ roses--my salvation--& ,lucius ate & 0 a man aga94 ,! prie/1 9 a %ort homily1 tells him he has n[ rea*$ ! hav5 ( quiet2 ,=tune's bl9dness has no m p[] ov] him2 he is tak5 to ! bosom ( a ,=tune :o c see1 :o c illum9ate ev5 ! o!r gods4 ,let him rejoice & consecrate 8 life to ! goddess1 und]take h] w>f>e & become h] soldi]4#ig ,! pomp moves onw>d till !y rea* ! %ore1 & !re a sacr$ %ip is laun*$--inscrib$ ) ,egyptian hi]oglyphics1 purifi$ ) a burn+ tor*1 an egg1 & sulphur1 on h] sail a v[ writt5 9 l>ge lett]s4 ,%e is load$ ) aromatics2 & fill$ ) copi\s gifts & auspici\s pray]s %e sails away be=e a g5tle breeze & is lo/ to sight4 ,! celebrants !n return to ! temple1 b we h p]haps foll[$ !m f> en\gh4 ,f n[ on to ! end ( ! book ! re=m$ ,lucius lives 9 ! od\r ( sanctity4 ,he nev] sleeps )\t a vision ( ! goddess4 ,he passes on f initiation to initiation1 ?\gh ! s]vice ( religion is difficult1 *a/ity ardu\s1 & life n[ a matt] ( circumspection--x _h n be5 be=e4 ,! initiations are1 he owns1 r exp5sive4#ih ,p]haps1 my en?usia/ic read]1 ?\ wilt ask--anxi\sly en\gh--:at 0 said1 :at done4 ,i w\ld speak if x 7 #bcg lawful to speak1 ?\ %\ld/ "k if x 7 lawful to he>4444 ,he> !n1 & believe1 = x is true4 ,i drew ne> to ! conf9es ( dea?2 ,i trod ! ?re%old ( ,pros]p9e2 ,i 0 borne ?r\gh all ! elem5ts & return$4 ,at midnight ,i saw ! sun fla%+ ) bright light4 ,gods ( ! _w bel[1 gods ( ! _w above1 into _! pres5ce ,i came1 ,i wor%ipp$ !re 9 _! sight4 ,g>m5ts1 emblems1 rites1 purifications are ! elem5ts ( 8 life n[4 ,nor does he grudge ! tr\ble & exp5se1 = ! gods are bless+ him ) =5sic success4 ,9 a dream1 ,osiris himself *ief among ! great gods1 ( ! great] highe/1 greate/ ( ! highe/1 rul] ( ! greate/1 appe>s 9 p]son1 & promises him--speak+ ) 8 own awful voice--triumphs at ! b>1 ) no ne$ to fe> ! envy 8 le>n+ might r\se4 ,he %\ld be "o ( ! god's own ,pa/ophori1 "o ( 8 qu9qu5nial decurions4 ,s ) my hair p]fectly %av$1 ,i p]=m$ 9 gladness ! duties ( t mo/ anci5t college1 e/abli%$ 9 ,sulla's times1 n %ad+ nor cov]+ my baldness1 b lett+ x be univ]sally conspicu\s4 ,& !re ends ! ,gold5 ,ass4 ,0 x true--?is /ory ( ! ass8 ,augu/9e says t ,apuleius ei!r disclos$ or made up ^! adv5tures4 ,bo? he & ,lactantius _h to %[ _! contempor>ies t !re 0 a diff]5ce betwe5 ! miracles ( ,apuleius & ^? ( ,*ri/4#ii ,! ,emp]or ,septimius ,sev]us1 on ! o!r h&1 sne]$ at 8 rival ,alb9us = read+ ! ,punic ,milesian-tales ( 8 fell[-c\ntryman ,apuleius & su* lit]>y trifles4#ajj ,sid5ote3 ,apuleius & 8 initiation ,betwe5 ^! two judgm5ts we may f9d ,apuleius4 ,he is a man ( lett]s1 b he has a ta/e = religion4 ,c]emony1 my/]y1 ritual1 sacram5ts1 appeal to him1 & !re he /&s ) 8 contempor>ies4 ,b a man1 9 ^: pages b&it & old woman1 ass & ,isis1 all talk 9 "o ,euphui/ic /ra91 0 possibly n s pi\s z m5 ( simpl] spee*4 ,yet 8 giv+ su* a conclusion to su* a tale is significant1 & !re is n an absurdity among all ! _m1 9 :i* he s gaily revels1 b correspond$ ) some?+ t m5 believ$4 #bch ,9 conclusion1 we may ask :at ,lucian ( ,samosata & ,diog5es ( ,o9o&a _h to (f] to ,ari/ides & ,pausanias & ,apuleius2 & :at !y 9 turn c\ld sugge/ to m5 ^: conc]n 9 religion goes deep] ?an ! cure ( physical disease1 trance & self-consci\s revell+ 9 c]emony4 ,"s spiritual value /ill clung ab\t ! old religion1 or x c\ld n h f\nd support]s 9 a ,plot9us & a ,porphyry1 b 7to quote aga9 a mo/ helpful "q7 h[ mu* else8 ,*apt] ,,vii ,footnotes3 #a ,on ! o!r h& see a v int]e/+ passage 9 ,t]tullian1 de ,anima1 #cj1 on ! progress ( ! _w 9 civilization1 & population out/ripp+ ,nature1 :ile plague1 fam9e1 w>1 etc41 are look$ on z tonsura insolesc5tis g5]is humani4 #b ,m>cus ,aurelius 0 born ab\t #aba ,a4,d4 & di$ 9 #ahj4 ,! o!r two 7 born 9 or ab\t #abe4 #c e4g4 viii1 #ag4 #d ,! "o passage is 9 xi1 #c4 #e ,or1 ! ,engli% equival5t1 ,utopia4 #f ,m>cus ,aurelius1 ix1 #bh-dj1 ) omissions4 ,phrases h be5 borr[$ f ! translations ( ,mr ,long & ,dr ,r5dall4 #g ,?is %$s "s light on 8 comp>ison ( ! ,*ri/ians to actors1 xi1 #c4 #h ,cf4 ,t]tullian1 ,apol4 #e1 ,hadrianus omnium curiositatum explorator4 #i ,piscator1 #ai4 #aj ,quomodo hi/oria1 #bd4 #aa ,bis accusatus1 #bg4 #ab ,somnium1 #ah4 #ac ,bis ,accusatus1 #cj1 #bg4 #ad ,apology1 #ae4 #ae ,bis ,acc4 #cb4 ,cf4 ,juv5al1 #g1 #aea1 p]imit saevos classis num]osa tyrannos4 #af ,bis ,acc4 #cc1 #cd4 #ag ,zeus ,tragadus1 #ae4 #ah ,piscator1 #ai1 #bj4 #ai ,vit4 auctio1 #bg4 #bj ,h]mot4 #gd4 #ba ,ibid4 #he4 #bb ,h]mot4 #bb-bh4 #bc ,ibid4 #hd4 #bd ,v4,h41 ii1 #ah4 #be ,piscator1 #af4 #bf ,philopseudes1 #g4 #bg ,ibid4 #af4 #bh ,?is gho/ appe>s r e>li] 9 a lett] ( ,pl9y's1 vii1 #bg1 :o says he believes ! /ory & adds ano!r ( 8 own4 #bi ,philopseudes1 #cd4 #cj ,ibid4 #ag4 #ca ,pausanias1 viii1 #bi1 #c4 ,cf4 ,milton's ,ode on ,nativity1 #be1 ,typhon huge1 end+ 9 snaky tw9e4 ,ref]5ces to rema9s ( giants1 9 ,t]tullian1 de resurr4 c>nis1 #db2 ,pl9y1 ,n4,h4 vii1 #af1 #gc4 #cb ,philopseudes1 #bb-bd4 #cc ,philopseudes1 #be1 #bf4 #cd ,ic>om5ippus1 #bd-bf4 #ce ,ic>om54 #bd4 #cf ,zeus ,tragadus4 #cg ,zeus ,el5*om5os4 #ch ,deor4 ,eccles4 #ad-ah4 #ci ,alex&]1 #dh4 ,! read] ( ,m>cus w rememb] t 8 fir/ book is dat$ ,among ! ,quadi4 #dj ,alex&]1 #ec-ef4 #da ,keim1 ,celsus' ,wahres ,wort1 p4 #bcc1 sugge/s t ,lucian 0 n q cle> z to ! diff]5ces betwe5 ,judaism & ,*ri/ianity4 ,! ref]5ce to =bidd5 meat l5ds col\r to ?is4 #db ,de morte ,p]egr9i1 #aa1 #af2 cf4 ! ,passio ,p]petuae1 #c & #af1 on att5tion to ,*ri/ians 9 prison4 ,t]tullian1 de ,jejunio1 #ab1 gives an extraord9>y acc\nt ( :at might be done = a ,*ri/ian 9 prison1 ?\gh ! case ( ,pri/9us1 :i* he quotes1 mu/ h be5 unusual1 if we are to take all he says z lit]ally true4 #dc ,cf4 ,t]tullian1 ad ,m>tyras1 #d1 ,p]egr9us qui non olim se rogo immisit4 ,a!nagoras1 ,presb4 #bf1 ,proteos1 t\ton d' ouk agnoeite rhipsanta heauton eis to pur p]i t5 ,olympian4 #dd ,gellius1 ,n4,a4 xii1 #aa2 & summ>y ( viii1 #c4 #de ,*>on is ! title ( ! dialogue4 #df ,m5ippus1 #ae1 #af4 #dg ,m5ippus1 #ba4 #dh ,eck]mann1 #be? ,dec4 #ahbe4 #di ,sextus ,empiricus1 ,hypotyposes1 i1 #be-cj4 #ej ,see ,rhe9is*es ,museum1 #ahib1 & ,bullet9 de ,correspondance ,hell5ique1 #ahig4 #ea ,c4,i4,g4 iv1 #iee4 ,translation ( ,m>y ,hamilton1 9 h] ,incubation1 p4 #da 7#aijf74 #eb ,i agree ) ! view ( ,s*ub>t quot$ by ,j4 ,g4 ,fraz] on ! passage 7,pausan4 ii1 #bg1 #f7 t ?is man 0 nei!r ! ,emp]or ,anton9us ,pius nor ,m>cus4 ,x is p]haps sup]flu\s to call att5tion to ! value ( ,dr ,fraz]'s comm5t>y1 "h & else:]e4 #ec ,sacr$ ,spee*1 ii1 ,sec4 #dg1 p #cja1 litras eikosi kai ekaton4 #ed ,sacr$ ,spee*1 ii1 ,sec4 #cc1 p4 #bih4 ,= ,ari/ides see ,hamilton1 ,incubation1 pt4 i4 *4 #c1 & ,dill1 ,roman ,society f ,n]o to ,m>cus ,aurelius1 bk4 iv4 *4 #a4 ,see also ,ri*>d ,caton1 ,m4,d41 ,! ,temples & ,ritual ( ,asklepios 7#aijj74 #ee ,paus4 iii1 #ae1 #aa #ef ,paus4 viii1 #db1 #aa4 #eg ,paus4 i1 #cg1 #d2 #ch1 #g4 #eh ,paus4 x1 #d1 #d2 !y smell v l human fle%4 #ei ,paus4 ix1 #dj1 #aa4 #fj ,paus4 i1 #cd1 #c4 ,cf4 ,t]tullian1 de ,anima1 #df1 a li/ ( dream-oracles4 ,/rabo1 c4 #gfa-b1 repres5ts ! practice z an ess5tial feature ( ,judaism1 egkoima/hai de kai aut\s hyp] heauton kai hum] ton allon all\s t\s euoneip\s2 he comp>es ,moses to ,amphi>aus1 ,trophonius1 ,orpheus1 etc4 #fa ,paus4 ix1 #ci1 #e-ad1 ,fraz]'s translation4 #fb ,paus4 viii1 #h1 #c 7,fraz]74 ton m5 de es to !ion hekonton tois eireu5ois *resome?a4 #fc ,! ^w ( ,luke #b1 #i4 #fd ,artemidorus ,dald4 ii1 #gj4 #fe ,artem4 ,dald4 iii1 #ff4 #ff ,m>cus1 i1 #ag2 ,george ,long's r5d]+1 "h z else:]e some:at lit]al1 b valuable z leav+ ! %>p edges on ! ?\ght ( ! ,greek1 :i* get rubb$ (f 9 "s translations4 ,see ,t]tullian1 de ,anima1 cc4 #dd & foll[+1 = a discussion ( dreams1 ref]r+ to ! five volumes ( ,h]mippus ( ,b]ytus = ! :ole /ory ( !m4 #fg ,artem4 ,dald4 ii1 pref41 mega phrono4 #fh ,artem4 ,dald4 ii1 #gj4 ,cf4 v4 pref41 aneu sk5es kai tragosias4 #fi ,artem4 ,dald4 i1 pref4 #gj ,a v diff]5t classification 9 ,t]tullian1 de ,anima1 #dg1 #dh4 ,dreams may be due to demons1 to ,god1 ! nature ( ! s\l or ec/asy4 #ga ,artem4 ,dald4 i1 #d4 #gb ,artem4 ,dald4 iv1 pref4 #gc ,see ,augu/9e1 ,c4,d4 xviii1 #ah1 ,apuleius 9 libris quos ,as9i aurei titulo inscripsit4 ,9 ! pr9t$ texts1 x is g5]ally call$ ! ,metamorphoses4 #gd ,apol4 #bd4 #ge ,apol4 #bc4 #gf ,apol4 #gb2 ,flor4 #ah4 #gg ,flor4 #bj4 #gh ,apol4 #ih4 ,cf4 ,passio ,p]petuae1 c4 #ac1 et caepit ,pirpetua ,graece cum eis loqui1 says ,saturus2 ,p]petua uses occasional ,greek words h]self 9 record+ h] visions4 #gi ,apol4 #dc4 ,cf4 ,plut>* cit$ on p4 #aja4 #hj ,apol4 #ee1 #ef4 ,cf4 ,florida1 #a1 an ornam5tal passage on pi\s usage4 #ha ,apol4 #ij4 ,_m re/orations h be5 attempt$4 #hb e4g4 ,t]tullian1 de ,anima1 #eg1 ,o/anes et ,typhon et ,d>danus et ,damig]on et ,nectabis et ,b]5ice4 #hc ,mu* ( ?is mat]ial ,apuleius has tak5 f ! ,timaeus1 #dj ,d to #dc ,a4 #hd ,cf4 ,lactantius1 ,in/it4 ii1 de orig9e erroris1 c4 #e4 ,t]tullian1 ad ,natt4 ii1 #b4 ,cic]o1 ,n4,d4 ii1 #ae1 #ci-dd4 #he de deo ,socr4 #c1 #abd4 ,cf4 ! acc\nt 7quot$ bel[7 ( :at 0 exp]i5c$ 9 initiation1 :i* sugge/s "s acqua9tance ) my/ical trance--! conf9es ( dea? & ! sudd5 bright light look v l x4 #hf de deo ,socr4 #d1 #abf4 #hg de deo ,socr4 #e1 #acj-acb4 #hh de deo ,socr4 #f1 #acb4 ,cf4 ,t]t4 ,apol4 #bb1 #bc1 #bd1 on nature & works ( demons1 on l9es closely simil>4 #hi de deo ,socr4 #g1 #acf4 #ij ,see *apt] vi4 p4 #ahh4 #ia de deo ,socr4 #aa1 #add4 #ib de deo ,socr4 #ae4 #ic ,! /ory ( ,lama*us our high-s\l$ lead]1 n[ buri$ 9 ! entire elem5t1 w\ld make anyone wi% to become a brig&1 ,sa9te-,beuve said4 ,"h "o mu/ regretfully omit ! robb]s' cave altoge!r4 #id ,metam4 xi1 #c1 #d4 ,apuleius _h a fancy = fl[+ hair4 #ie ,metam4 xi1 #e4 #if ,metam4 xi4 #h ff4 #ig ,metam4 xi1 #ae1 da nom5 santae huic militiae cuius 444 sacram5to1 etc4 #ih ,t]tullian rem>ks t pagan rituals1 unlike ,*ri/ian baptism1 owe mu* to pomp & exp5se2 de ,bapt4 #b4 ,m5tior si non e contr>io idolorum sollemnia vel arcana de sugge/u et app>atu deque sumptu fidem et auctoritatem sibi extruunt4 #ii ,augu/9e1 ,c4,d4 xviii1 #ah2 & cf4 ib4 viii1 7on ! de deo ,socr472 & ,lactantius1 v4 #c4 #ajj ,capitol9us v4 ,alb9i1 #ab4 #bci ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,celsus ,deliquit1 op9or1 div9a doctr9a ex ,judaea potius quam ex ,graecia ori5s4 ,erravit et ,*ri/us piscatores citius quam sophi/am ad praeconium emitt5s1--,,t]tullian1 de ,anima1 #c4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( ! la/ *apt] ref]5ce 0 made to ! spread ( ,*ri/ianity 9 ! second c5tury1 & !n a brief survey 0 giv5 ( ! position ( ! old religion )\t ref]5ce to ! new4 ,:5 "o realizes ! diff]5t habits ( m9d repres5t$ by ! m5 !re consid]$1 ! difficulties ) :i* ,*ri/ianity _h to cont5d become m evid5t & m intelligible4 ,lucian g5]ally ignor$ x1 only notic+ x to laugh at its folly & to pass on--x 0 too inconspicu\s to be wor? attack4 ,to ! o!rs--! dev\t ( ! old religion1 ^: fonde/ ?\ghts 7 = ! pa/1 & = :om religion 0 l>gely a ritual1 sanctifi$ by tradition & by fancy1--! ,*ri/ian fai? (f]$ little beyond ! negation ( all !y c\nt$ de>4 ,we are happily 9 possession ( fragm5ts ( an anti-,*ri/ian "w ( ! day1 writt5 by a man philosophic & academic 9 temp]am5t1 b sympa!tic ) ! foll[]s ( ! religion ( 8 fa!rs--fragm5ts only1 b en\gh to %[ h[ ,*ri/ianity at once provok$ ! laught]1 inc5s$ ! patriotism1 & (f5d$ ! religi\s ta/es ( educat$ p4 ,x 0 = a man call$ ,celsus t ,lucian wrote 8 book ^u ! prophet ,alex&] & 8 %r9e at ,abonotei*os1 & x has be5 sugge/$ t ,lucian's fri5d & ! ,celsus1 :o wrote ! fam\s ,true ,^w1 may h be5 "o & ! same4 ,! evid5ce is c>efully work$ out by ,keim1#a b x is n v /rong1 especially z "s two doz5 m5 ( ! "n are kn[n to ! hi/orians ( ! fir/ ?ree c5turies ( our era4 ,orig5 himself knew little ( ,celsus--h>dly m ?an we c ga!r f ! quotations he made f ! book #bdj 9 refut+ x4 ,f a close /udy ( 8 occasional h9ts at contempor>y hi/ory1 ,keim puts ,celsus' book d[n to ! latt] "p ( ! reign ( ,m>cus ,aurelius1 or1 m closely1 to ! ye> #agh ,a4,d4#b ,celsus' g5]al ref]5ces to ,*ri/ianity & to paganism imply t p]iod4 ,he writes "u ! pressure ( ! b>b>ian inroads on ! ,nor!rn fronti]1 ( ! ,p>?ians 9 ! ,ea/ & ( ! great plague4 ,8 ma9 conc]n is ! ,roman ,/ate1 %ak5 by all ^! mis=tunes1 & d\bly ?reat5$ by ! passive disaffection ( ,*ri/ians )9 its bord]s4#c ,f :at ,turk & ,mongol meant to ,europe 9 ! ,middle ,ages & may yet mean to u1 we may div9e h[ m5 ( culture & patriotism felt ab\t ! :ite savages com+ d[n ^u !m f ! ,nor?4 ,( ! p]sonal hi/ory ( ,celsus no?+ c be said1 b ! features ( 8 m9d are well-m>k$4 ,he 0 above all a man ( culture1--c&id1 s*ol>ly & cool4 ,he knew & admir$ ! philosophical writ+s ( anci5t ,greece1 he _h "s k ( ,egypt1 & he also took ! pa9s to read ! books ( ! ,jews & ! ,*ri/ians4 ,on ! :ole he leant to ,plato1 b1 l _m philosophic spirits1 he f\nd de/ructive criticism m easy ?an ! elaboration ( a sy/em ( 8 own4 ,yet "h we mu/ use caution1 = ! object he _h set be=e him 0 n to be s]v$ by individual speculation4 ,x 0 immat]ial :at private op9ions he might hold1 = 8 great purpose 0 ! ab&onm5t ( p>ticul>ism & ! fusion ( all p>ties = ! g5]al good4 ,private judgm5t run mad 0 ! m>k ( all ,*ri/ians1 or?odox & h]etical1--m5 wall+ !mselves (f & isolat+ !mselves f mank9d#d--;& 8 !sis 0 t ! :ole _s ( ! movem5t 0 wrong4 ,a good citiz5's "p 0 loyal acceptance ( ! common belief1 deviation f :i* 0 n[ %[n to impair ! solid>ity ( ! civiliz$ _w4 ,( c\rse su* a position is nev] tak5 by really indep5d5t ?9k]s2 b x is ! normal /&po9t ( m5 to :om practical #bda affairs are ( m mom5t ?an speculative precision--m51 :o are at bottom sceptical1 & h little int]e/ 9 problems :i* !y h giv5 up z insoluble4 ,celsus 0 satisfi$ ) ! e/abli%$ ord]1 alike 9 ! regions ( ?\ght & ( gov]nm5t4 ,he mi/ru/$ new movem5ts--n lea/ :5 !y 7 s conspicu\sly ali5 to ! ,greek m9d z ! new sup]/ition t came f ,pale/9e4 ,he has all ! anci5t contempt ( ! ,greek = ! b>b>ian1 &1 :ile he is influ5c$ by ! high motive ( c>e = ! ,/ate1 !re are traces ( irritation 9 8 tone :i* speak ( p]sonal feel+4 ,! folly ( ! movem5t provok$ him4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,*ri/ian propag&a ,?is1 he says1 is ! language ( ! ,*ri/ians3 ',let no cultur$ p]son draw ne>1 none wise1 none s5sible2 = all t k9d ( ?+ we c\nt evil2 b if any man is ignorant1 if any is want+ 9 s5se & culture1 if any is a fool1 let him come boldly4' ,su* p !y spontane\sly av[ to be wor?y ( _! ,god2 &1 s do+1 !y %[ t x is only ! simpletons1 ! ignoble1 ! s5seless1 slaves & wom5-folk & *ildr51 :om !y wi% to p]suade1 or c p]suade4#e ,^? :o summon m5 to ! o!r initiations 7teletas71 & (f] purification f s9s1 proclaim3 ,:osoev] has clean h&s & is wise ( spee*1 or ,:osoev] is pure f defilem5t1 ^: s\l is consci\s ( no guilt1 :o has liv$ well & righte\sly4 ,b let u he> :at sort ^! p invite2 ',:osoev] is a s9n]1 or un9tellig5t1 or a fool1 9 a ^w1 :osoev] is god-=sak5 7kakodaimon71 him ! k+dom ( ,god w receive4' ,n[ :om d y mean by ! s9n] b ! wick$1 ?ief1 h\se-break]1 poison]1 temple-robb]1 grave-robb]8 ,:om else w\ld a brig& invite to jo9 him8#f ,b ! ,*ri/ian propag&a is /ill m odi\s4 ,we see !m 9 our own h\ses1 wool dress]s1 cobbl]s1 & full]s1 ! mo/ un$ucat$ & vulg> p]sons1 n d>+ to say a ^w 9 ! pres5ce ( _! ma/]s :o are old] & wis]2 b :5 !y get hold ( ! *ildr5 9 private1 & silly wom5 ) !m1 !y are wond]fully eloqu5t1--to ! effect t ! *ildr5 mu/ n li/5 to _! fa!r1 b believe !m & be taught by !m2 444 t !y alone "k h[ to live1 & if ! *ildr5 w li/5 to !m1 !y w be happy !mselves1 & w make #bdb _! home bless$4 ,b if1 :ile !y are speak+1 !y see "s ( ! *ildr5's tea*]s1 "s wis] p]son or _! ,fa!r com+1 ! m cauti\s ( !m w be gone 9 a mom5t1 & ! m impud5t w egg on ! *ildr5 to ?r[ (f ! re9s--:isp]+ to !m t1 :ile _! fa!r or _! tea*]s are ab\t1 !y w n & _c tea* !m any?+ good 444 !y mu/ come ) ! wom51 & ! little *ildr5 t play ) !m1 to ! wom5's qu>t]s1 or ! cobbl]'s %op1 or ! full]'s1 to receive p]fect k4 ,& t is h[ !y p]suade !m4#g ,!y are l quacks :o w>n m5 aga9/ ! doctor--take c>e t none ( y t\*es ,sci5ce 7epi/eue72 ,sci5ce is a bad ?+2 k 7gnosis7 makes m5 fall f heal? ( s\l4#h ,!y w n argue ab\t :at !y believe--!y always br+ 9 _! ',d n exam9e1 b believe1' & ',?y fai? %all save !e'#i--;believe t he1 :om ,i set =? to y1 is ! son ( ,god1 ev5 ?\gh he 0 b\nd 9 ! mo/ di%on\rable way1 & puni%$ 9 ! mo/ %ameful1 ?\gh ye/]day or ! day be=e he welt]$ 9 ! mo/ disgraceful fa%ion be=e ! eyes ( all m5--s mu* ! m believe6#aj ,s f> all ! ,*ri/ian sects are at "o4 ,& ! absurdity ( x6 ,:y 0 he n s5t to ! s9less z well z to s9n]s8 ,:at h>m is !re 9 n hav+ s9n$8#aa ,li/5 to !m6 ,! unju/1 if he humble himself f 8 iniquity1 ,god w receive2 b ! j1 if he look up to ,him ) virtue f beg9n+ to end1 him ,he w n receive4#ab ,celsus' own view is v diff]5t--,x mu/ be cle> to ev]ybody1 ,i %\ld ?9k1 t ^?1 :o are s9n]s by nature & tra9+1 none c\ld *ange1 #bdc n ev5 by puni%m5t--to say no?+ ( do+ x by pity6 ,= to *ange nature completely is v difficult2 & ^? :o h n s9n$ are bett] p>tn]s 9 life4#ac ,*ri/ians 9 fact make ,god into a s5tim5tali/--! slave ( pity = ^? :o m\rn#ad to ! po9t ( inju/ice4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ecclesia ( worms ,jews & ,*ri/ians seem to ,celsus l a sw>m ( bats--or ants creep+ out ( _! ne/--or frogs hold+ a symposium r\nd a swamp--or worms 9 conv5ticle 7ekklesiaxi\si7 9 a corn] ( ! mud#ae--;debat+ :i* ( !m are ! m s9ful1 & say+ ',god reveals all ?+s to u be=eh& & gives u w>n+2 he =sakes ! :ole univ]se & ! c\rse ( ! heav5ly sph]es1 & all ?is great e>? he neglects1 to dwell ) u alone2 to u alone he despat*es h]alds1 & nev] ceases to s5d & to seek h[ we may dwell ) him = ev]4' ,god is1 say ! worms1 & aft] him come we1 br\ght into be+ by him 7hup' aut\ gegonotes71 9 all ?+s l unto ,god2 & to u all ?+s are subject$1 e>? & wat] & air & />s2 = our sake all ?+s are1 & to s]ve u !y are appo9t$4 ,"s ( u1 cont9ue ! worms 7he means u1 says ,orig57--"s ( u s91 s ,god w come1 or else he w s5d 8 son1 t he may burn up ! unrighte\s1 & t ! re/ ( u may h et]nal life ) him4#af ,! radical error 9 ,jewi%1 & ,*ri/ian ?9k+ is t x is an?ropoc5tric4 ,!y say t ,god made all ?+s = man1#ag b ?is is n at all evid5t4 ,:at we "k ( ! _w sugge/s t x is n m = ! sake ( man ?an ( ! irrational animals t all ?+s 7 made4 ,plants & trees & grass & ?orns--d !y gr[ = man a :it m ?an = ! wilde/ animals8 ',sun & night s]ve mortals1' says ,euripides--b :y u m ?an ! ants or ! flies8 ,= !m1 too1 night comes = re/1 & day = sight & "w4 ,if m5 hunt & eat animals1 !y 9 _! turn hunt & eat m52 & be=e t[ns & communities 7 =m$1 & tools & weapons made1 man's supremacy 0 ev5 m que/ionable4 ,9 no way is man bett] 9 ,god's #bdd sight ?an ants & bees 7iv4 #ha74 ,! political in/9ct ( man is %>$ by bo? ^! creatures--!y h con/itutions1 cities1 w>s & victories1 & trials at law--z ! drones "k4 ,ants h s5se en\gh to secure _! corn /ores f spr\t+3 !y h gravey>ds2 !y c tell "o ano!r :i* way to g--?us !y h logos & ennoiai l m54 ,if "o look$ f heav51 w\ld !re be any m>k$ diff]5ce betwe5 ! proc$ures ( m5 & ( ants8#ah ,b man has an intellectual aff9ity ) ,god2 ! human m9d conceives ?\ghts t are ess5tially div9e 7!ias ennoias74#ai ,_m animals c make ! same claim--:at c\ld "o call m div9e ?an to =ekn[ & =etell ! future8 ,& ?is m5 le>n f ! o!r animals & mo/ ( all f birds2 & if ?is comes f ,god1 s mu* ne>] div9e int]c\rse d !y seem by nature ?an we1 wis] & m de> to ,god4 ,?us all ?+s 7 n made = man1 j z !y 7 n made = ! lion1 nor ! eagle1 nor ! dolph91 b t ! univ]se z a "w ( ,god might be complete & p]fect 9 e "p4 ,x is = ?is cause t ! proportions ( all ?+s are design$1 n = "o ano!r 7except incid5tally7 b = ! :ole4 ,god's c>e is = ! :ole1 & ?is ,provid5ce nev] neglects4 ,! :ole does n gr[ worse1 nor does ,god p]iodically turn x to himself4 ,he is n angry on acc\nt ( m51 j z he is n angry because ( monkeys or flies2 nor does he ?reat5 ! ?+s1 ea* ( :i* 9 measure has its portion ( himself4#bj ,sid5ote3 ,! ,god ( ! philosoph]s ,celsus held t ,*ri/ians spoke ( ,god 9 a way t 0 nei!r holy nor guiltless 7ou* hosios oud' euagos1 iv1 #aj72 & he h9t$ t !y did x to a/oni% ignorant li/5]s4#ba ,= himself1 he 0 impress$ ) ! ?\ght1 :i* ,plato has 9 ! ,timaeus1--a s5t5ce t sums up :at _m ( ! mo/ s]i\s & religi\s natures h felt & w always feel to be pr(\ndly true3 ,! mak] & fa!r ( ?is #bde :ole fabric x is h>d to f9d1 &1 :5 "o has f\nd him1 x is impossible to speak ( him to all m54#bb ,l ! m5 ( 8 day1 a true & deep in/9ct l$ him to po9t back to inspir$ poets1 wise m5 & philosoph]s1 & to ,plato a m liv+ 7en]ge/]on7 tea*] ( !ology#bc--?\gh ,i %\ld be surpris$ if y are able to foll[ him1 see+ t y are utt]ly b\nd up 9 ! fle% & see no?+ cle>ly4#bd ,:at ! sages tell him ( ,god1 he proce$s to set =?4 ,be+ & becom+1 "o is intelligible1 ! o!r visible1 7noeton1 horaton74 ,be+ is ! sph]e ( tru?2 becom+1 ( error4 ,tru? is ! subject ( k2 ! o!r ( op9ion4 ,?\ght deals ) ! intelligible2 sight ) ! visible4 ,! m9d recognizes ! intelligible1 ! eye ! visible4 ,:at !n ! ,sun is among ?+s visible1--nei!r eye1 nor sight--yet to ! eye ! cause ( its see+1 to sight ! cause ( its exi/+ 7syni/a?ai7 by 8 means1 to ?+s visible ! cause ( _! be+ se51 to all ?+s end[$ ) s5sation ! cause ( _! exi/5ce 7g9e/hai7 & inde$ ! cause himself ( himself be+ se52 ?is ,,he is among ?+s intelligible 7noeta71 :o is nei!r m9d1 nor ?\ght1 nor k1 b to ! m9d ! cause ( ?9k+1 to ?\ght ( its be+ by 8 means1 to k ( our kn[+ by 8 means1 to all ?+s intelligible1 to tru? itself1 & to be+ itself1 ! cause t !y are--out beyond all ?+s 7panton epeke9a on71 intelligible only by "s unspeakable faculty4 ,s h spok5 m5 ( m9d2 & if y c und]/& any?+ ( x1 x is well = y4 ,if y suppose a _s desc5ds f ,god to proclaim div9e matt]s1 x w\ld be ! _s t proclaims ?is1 t _s ) :i* m5 ( old 7 fill$ & 9 consequ5ce ann\nc$ mu* t 0 good4 ,b if y c take 9 no?+ ( x1 be sil5t & hide y\r own ignorance1 & d n say t ^? :o see are bl9d1 & ^? :o run are lame1 especially :5 y y\rselves are utt]ly crippl$ & mutilat$ 9 s\l1 & live 9 ! body--t is to say1 9 ! dead elem5t4#be ,orig5 says t ,celsus is con/antly guilty ( tautology1 & ! reit]ation ( ?is *>ge ( ignorance & want ( #bdf culture is at lea/ frequ5t en\gh4 ,yet if ! ,*ri/ian movem5t _h be5 conf9$ to p z vulg> & illit]ate z he sugge/s1 he might n h ?\ght x wor? 8 :ile to attack ! new religion4 ,8 h9t ( ! propagation ( ! ,gospel by slaves 9 great h\ses1 tak5 ) ! names ( m5 ( le>n+ & position1 :om we "k to h be5 conv]t$1 %[s ! s]i\sness ( ! case4 ,b to avoid ! fur!r *>ge :i* ,orig5 br+s aga9/ ,celsus ( mix+ ev]y?+ up1 x w be bett] to pursue ,celsus' ?\ghts ( ,god4 ,i say no?+ new1 b :at seem$ true ( old 7palai d$ogm5a74 ,god is good1 & beautiful1 & happy1 & is 9 t :i* is mo/ beautiful & be/4 ,if !n he 'desc5ds to m51' x involves *ange = him1 & *ange f good to bad1 f beautiful to ugly1 f happ9ess to unhapp9ess1 f :at is be/ to :at is wor/4 ,:o w\ld *oose su* a *ange8 ,= mortality x is only nature to alt] & be *ang$2 b = ! immortal to abide ! same =ev]4 ,god w\ld n accept su* a *ange4#bf ,he pres5ts a dilemma to ! ,*ri/ians2 ,ei!r ,god really *anges1 z !y say1 to a mortal body1--& x has be5 %[n t ?is is impossible2 or he himself does n *ange1 b he makes ^? :o see suppose s1 & ?us deceives & *eats !m4 ,deceit & ly+ are evil1 tak5 g5]ally1 ?\gh 9 ! s+le case ( m$ic9e "o might use !m 9 heal+ fri5ds :o are sick or mad--or aga9/ enemies 9 try+ to escape dang]4 ,b none :o is sick or mad is a fri5d ( ,god's2 nor is ,god afraid ( any "o1 s t he %\ld use deceit to escape dang]4#bg ,god 9 fact made no?+ mortal2 b ,god's works are su* ?+s z are immortal1 & !y h made ! mortal4 ,! s\l is ,god's "w1 b ! nature ( ! body is diff]5t1 & 9 ?is respect !re is no diff]5ce betwe5 ! bodies ( bat1 worm1 frog1 & man4 ,! matt] is ! same & ! corruptible "p is alike4#bh ,sid5ote3 ,god's ang] ,! ,*ri/ian conception ( ! desc5t ( ,god is repulsive to ,celsus1 = x means contact ) matt]4 ,god's ang]1 too1 is an impi\s idea1 = ang] is a passion2 & #bdg ,celsus makes havoc ( ! ,old ,te/am5t passages :]e ,god is spok5 ( z hav+ human passions 7an?ropopa!s71 clos+ ) an argum5tum ad hom9em--,is x n absurd t a man ,titus1 angry ) ! ,jews1 slew all _! y\? & burnt _! l&1 & s !y came to no?+2 b ,god ,almighty1 z !y say1 angry & vex$ & ?reat5+1 s5ds 8 son & endures su* ?+s z !y tell8#bi ,fur!rmore1 ! ,*ri/ian acc\nt ( ,god's ang] at man's s9 involves a presumption t ,*ri/ians really "k :at evil is4 ,n[ ! orig9 ( evil is n to be easily kn[n by "o :o has no philosophy4 ,x is en\gh to tell ! common p t evil is n f ,god1 b is inh]5t 9 matt]1 & is a fell[-citiz5 7empoliteuetai7 ( mortality4 ,! circuit ( mortal ?+s is f beg9n+ to end ! same1 & 9 ! appo9t$ circles ! same mu/ always ( necessity h be5 & be & be aga94#cj ,nor c\ld ! good or evil elem5ts 9 mortal ?+s become ei!r less or great]4 ,god does n ne$ to re/ore all ?+s anew4 ,god is n l a man1 t1 because he has faultily contriv$ or execut$ )\t skill1 he %\ld try to am5d ! _w4#ca ,9 %ort1 ev5 if a ?+ seems to y to be bad1 x is n yet cle> t x is bad2 = y d n "k :at is ( advantage to y\rself1 or to ano!r1 or to ! :ole4#cb ,besides w\ld ,god ne$ to desc5d 9 ord] to #bdh le>n :at 0 go+ on among m58#cc ,or 0 he dissatisfi$ ) ! att5tion he receiv$1 & did he really come d[n to %[ (f l a n\veau ri*e 7oi neopl\toi78#cd ,!n :y n long be=e8#ce ,%\ld ,*ri/ians ask him h[ ,god is to be se51 he has 8 answ]3 ,if y w be bl9d to s5se & see ) ! m9d1 if y w turn f ! fle% & wak5 ! eyes ( ! s\l1 ?us & ?us only %all y see ,god4#cf ,9 words t ,orig5 approves1 he says1 f ,god we mu/ nev] & 9 no way dep>t1 nei!r by day nor by night1 9 public or 9 private1 9 e ^w & "w p]petually1 b1 ) ^! & )\t1 let ! s\l ev] be /ra9$ t[>ds ,god4#cg ,if any man bid y1 9 ! wor%ip ( ,god1 ei!r to d impiety1 or to say any?+ base1 y mu/ nev] be p]suad$ by him4 ,r endure e torture & submit to e dea?1 ?an ?9k any?+ unholy ( ,god1 let alone say x4#ch ,?us ! fundam5tal conceptions ( ! ,*ri/ians are %[n to be wrong1 b m rema9s to be done4 ,let u assume = purposes ( discussion t !re c\ld be a desc5t ( ,god--w\ld x be :at ! ,*ri/ians say x 08 ,god is great & h>d to be se51 he makes ! ,*ri/ian say1 s he put 8 own _s into a body l ours & s5t x d[n "h t we might he> & le>n f x4#ci ,if t is true1 he says1 !n ,god's son _c be immortal1 s9ce ! nature ( a _s is n su* z to be p]man5t2 nor c\ld ,jesus h ris5 aga9 9 ! body1 = ,god w\ld n h receiv$ back ! _s :i* he gave :5 x 0 pollut$ ) ! nature ( ! body4#dj ,if he _h wi%$ to s5d d[n a _s f himself1 :y did he ne$ to brea! x into ! womb ( a woman8 ,he knew already h[ to #bdi make m51 & he c\ld h fa%ion$ a body ab\t ?is _s too1 & s avoid$ putt+ 8 own _s into su* pollution4#da ,aga9 ! body1 9 :i* ! _s 0 s5t1 ought to h _h /ature or beauty or t]ror or p]suasion1 :]eas !y say x 0 little1 ugly & ignoble4#db ,!n1 f9ally1 suppose t ,god1 l ,zeus 9 ! ,com$y1 wak+ out ( long sleep1 det]m9$ to rescue mank9d f evil1 :y on e>? did he s5d ?is _s 7z y call x7 into "o p>ticul> corn]8 ,he ought to h brea!d ?r\gh _m bodies 9 ! same way & s5t !m all ov] ! _w4 ,! comic poet1 to make m]rim5t 9 ! !atre1 describes h[ ,zeus wak$ up & s5t ,h]mes to ! ,a!nians & ,lac$aemonians2 d y n ?9k t y\r inv5tion ( ,god's son be+ s5t to ! ,jews is m laughable /ill8#dc ,! inc>nation fur!r c>ri$ ) x /ories ( ,god eat+--mutton1 v9eg>1 gall4 ,?is revolt$ ,celsus1 & he summ$ x all up 9 "o horrible ^w4#dd ,sid5ote3 ,! ignom9y ( ,jesus ,! ignom9y ( ! life ( ,jesus 0 evid5ce to ,celsus ( ! falsity ( 8 claim to be ,god's son4 ,he bitt]ly taunts ,*ri/ians ) foll[+ a *ild ( %ame--,god's w\ld n be a body l y\rs--nor begott5 z y 7 begott51 ,jesus6#de ,he reviles ,jesus = ! ,passion--unhelp$ by 8 ,fa!r & unable to help himself4#df ,he goes to ! ,gospels 7,i "k ! :ole /ory1 he says#dg7 & he cites incid5t aft] incid5t4 ,he reproa*es ,jesus ) seek+ to escape ! cross1#dh he br+s =w>d ! m5 :o mock$ him & put ! purple robe on him1 ! cr[n ( ?orns1 &2 #bej ! re$ 9 8 h&2#di he taunts him ) be+ unable to endure 8 ?ir/ ^u ! cross--:i* _m a common man w endure4#ej ,z to ! resurrection1 if ,jesus wi%$ really to display 8 div9e p[]1 he ought to h appe>$ to ! actual m5 :o revil$ him1 & to him :o condemn$ him & to all1 =1 ( c\rse1 he 0 no long] afraid ( any man1 see+ he 0 dead1 &1 z y say1 ,god1 & 0 n orig9ally s5t to elude obs]vation4#ea ,or1 bett] /ill1 to %[ 8 ,godhead1 he might h vani%$ f ! gibbet4#eb ,:at befel ,jesus1 befals 8 foll[]s4 ,don't y see1 my de> sir8 ,celsus says1 a man may /& & blaspheme y\r daemon2 & n t only1 he may =bid him l& & sea1 & !n lay h&s on y1 :o are consecrat$ to him l a /atue1 b9d y1 m>* y (f & impale y2 & ! daemon1 or1 z y say1 ! son ( ,god1 does n help y4#ec ,y may /& & revile ! /atues ( ! gods & laugh4 ,b if y tri$ x 9 ! actual pres5ce ( ,dionysus or ,h]akles1 y might n get (f s com=tably4 ,b y\r god 9 8 own p]son !y spread out & puni%$1 & ^? :o did x h suff]$ no?+4444 ,he too :o s5t 8 son 7accord+ to y7 ) "s message or o!r1 look$ on & saw him ?us cruelly puni%$1 s t ! message p]i%$ ) him1 & ?\gh all ?is "t has pass$ he has nev] he$$4 ,:at fa!r 0 ev] s unnatural 7anosios78 ,ah6 b p]haps he wi%$ x1 y say1 & t 0 :y he endur$ ! insult4 ,& p]haps our gods wi% x too1 :5 y blaspheme !m4#ed ,celsus w\ld seem to h he>d ,*ri/ian prea*+1 = beside d]id+ ,only believe & ,?y fai? w save !e1 he is (f5d$ by ! language !y use ab\t ! cross4 ,wide z ! sects /& ap>t1 & bitt] z are _! qu>rels & mutual abuse1 y w he> !m all say _! ',to me ! _w is crucifi$ & ,i to ! _w4'#ee ,9 "o great passage he mixes1 z ,orig5 says1 ! ?+s he has mis-he>d1 & quotes ,*ri/ian utt]ances ab\t a s\l t lives1 & a heav5 t is sla9 t x may live1 & e>? sla9 ) ! #bea sword1 & ev] s _m p be+ sla9 to live2 & dea? tak+ a re/ 9 ! _w :5 ! s9 ( ! _w dies2 & !n a n>r[ way d[n1 & gates t op5 ( !mselves4 ,& ev]y:]e y h ! tree ( life & ! resurrection ( ! fle% f ! tree--,i suppose1 because _! tea*] 0 nail$ to a cross & 0 a c>p5t] by trade4 ,exactly z1 if he _h *anc$ to be ?r[n d[n a precipice1 or pu%$ into a pit1 or *ok$ 9 a noose1 or if he _h be5 a cobbl]1 or a /one-mason1 or a blacksmi?1 !re w\ld h be5 above ! heav5s a precipice ( life1 or a pit ( resurrection1 or a rope ( immortality1 or a happy /one1 or ! iron ( love1 or ! holy hide4#ef ,sid5ote3 ,! ,cross & ! miracles ,! miracles ( ,jesus ,celsus easily expla9s4 ,?r\gh pov]ty he w5t to ,egypt & work$ !re z a hir$ lab\r]2 & !re he became acqua9t$ ) c]ta9 p[]s or faculties1 on :i* ! ,egyptians pride !mselves1 & he came back hold+ 8 head high on acc\nt ( !m1 & because ( !m he ann\nc$ t he 0 ,god4#eg ,b1 grant+ ! miracles ( heal+ & ( rais+ ! dead & fe$+ ! multitudes1 he ma9ta9s t ord9>y quacks w d great] miracles 9 ! /reets = an obol or two1 driv+ devils out ( m51#eh & bl[+ away diseases & call+ up ! s\ls ( h]oes1 & display+ sumptu\s banquets & tables & sweetmeats & da9ties t are n !re2--mu/ we c\nt !m sons ( ,god8#ei ,!re are pl5ty ( prophets too1 & x is q an easy & ord9>y ?+ = ea* ( !m to say ',i am ,god--or ,god's son--or a div9e _s4 ,& ,i am come2 = already ! _w p]i%e?1 & ye1 oh m51 are lo/ = y\r s9s4 ,b ,i am will+ to #beb save y2 & ye %all see me h]eaft] com+ ) heav5ly p[]4 ,bless$ is he t has wor%ipp$ me n[2 b ^u all ! re/ ,i w s5d et]nal fire1 & ^u _! cities & l&s4 ,& m5 :o d n recognize _! own guilt %all rep5t 9 va9 ) groans2 & !m t h believ$ me1 ,i w gu>d = ev]4'#fj ,jesus 01 he holds1 an obvi\s quack & impo/or4 ,9 fact1 !re is little to *oose betwe5 wor%ipp+ ,jesus & ,ant9\s1 ! fav\rite ( ,hadrian1 :o _h actually be5 deifi$ 9 ,egypt4#fa ,! tea*+ ( ,jesus1 to :i* ,*ri/ians po9t$1 0 aft] all a m]e m$ley ( g>bl$ quotations f ,greek lit]ature4 ,?us :5 ,jesus said t x is easi] = a camel to g ?r\gh a ne$le's eye ?an = a ri* man to g into ! k+dom ( ,god1 he 0 m]ely spoil+ ! ,platonic say+ t x is impossible = a man to be exce$+ly good & exce$+ly ri* at ! same "t4#fb ,! k+dom ( heav5 itself comes f ! div9ely spok5 words ( ,plato2 x is ! sup]cele/ial region ( ! ,pha$rus4#fc ,satan is a p>ody ( ,h]aclitus' conception ( ,w>4#fd ,! ,*ri/ian resurrection comes f metempsy*osis4#fe ,! idea t ,god w desc5d1 c>ry+ fire 7l a tortur] 9 a law-c\rt7 comes f "s confus$ notion ( ! tea*+ ( ! ,greeks ^u cycles & p]iods & ! f9al conflagration4#ff ,plato has ?is advantage t he nev] boa/$ & nev] said t ,god _h a son :o desc5d$ & talk$ ) me4#fg ,! son ( ,god itself 0 an expression borr[$ 9 _! clumsy way by ! ,*ri/ians f ! anci5ts :o conceiv$ ( ! univ]se z ,god's (fspr+4#fh ,sid5ote3 ,resurrection ,*ri/ians lay great /ress on ! immortality1 b x is silly ( !m to suppose t :5 ,god--l a cook--br+s ! fire1 ! re/ ( mank9d w be roa/$ & !y !mselves w alone rema91 n m]ely ! liv+1 b ev5 ^? :o di$ long ago1 ris+ f ! e>? ) ! id5tical fle% !y _h be=e4 ,really x is ! hope ( worms6 ,= :at s\l ( a man w\ld any long] wi% = a body t #bec _h rott$8#fi ,! loa?som5ess ( ! idea1 he says1 _c be express$1 & besides x is impossible4 ,!y h no?+ to reply to ?is1 s !y fly to ! absurde/ refuge1 & say t all is possible ) ,god4 ,b ,god _c d :at is f\l1 & :at is contr>y to nature he w n d4 ,?\gh y 9 y\r vulg>ity may wi% a loa?some ?+1 x does n foll[ t ,god c d x1 nor t y are "r to believe at once t x w come to pass4 ,= x is n ( sup]flu\s desire & w&]+ disord]1 b ( true & j nature t ,god is pr9ce 7ar*egetes74 ,he c\ld grant immortal life ( ! s\l2 b 'corpses1' z ,h]aclitus says1 'are less useful ?an dung4' ,! fle% is full (--:at x is n beautiful ev5 to m5tion--& to make x immortal contr>y to all reason 7p>alogos71 is :at ,god nei!r w nor c d4 ,= he is ! reason ( all ?+s t are1 s t he _c d any?+ contr>y to reason or contr>y to himself4#gj ,& yet1 says ,celsus1 y hope y w see ,god ) ! eyes ( y\r body1 & he> 8 voice ) y\r e>s1 & t\* him ) ! h&s ( s5se4#ga ,if !y ?reat5 ! hea!n ) et]nal puni%m5t1 ! exegetes1 hi]ophants1 & my/agogues ( ! temples hurl back ! same ?reat1 & :ile words are equal1 !y c %[ pro(s 9 daemonic activities & oracles4#gb ,) ^? h[ev] :o speak ( ! s\l or ! m9d 7:e!r !y *oose to call x spiritual1 or a _s intellig5t1 holy & happy1 or a liv+ s\l1 or ! sup]cele/ial & incorruptible (fspr+ ( a div9e & bodyless nature--or :atev] !y please7--) ^? :o hope to h ?is et]nally ) ,god1 ) su* ,i w speak4 ,= !y are "r 9 hold+ t !y :o h liv$ well w be happy & ! unju/ w be held 9 et]nal woes4 ,f ?is op9ion 7dogmatos7 let n !m nor any "o else dep>t4#gc ,9 ?is way ,celsus surveys ! ma9 po9ts ( ,*ri/ian hi/ory & tea*+4 ,!y h no real gr\nds b5ea? !m4 ,! basis ( ! *ur* is faction 7/asis7 & ! pr(it x br+s1 & fe> ( ^? )\t2--^? are ! ?+s t e/abli% ! fai? = !m4#gd ,faction is _! keynote1 tak5 f ! ,jews at fir/2 & faction splits !m up into innum]able sects beside ! great *ur*1#ge--! #bed "o ?+ !y h 9 common1 if inde$ !y /ill h x1 is ! "n2 & ?is "o ?+ !y are a%am$ to ab&on4#gf ,:5 !y all say ',believe1 if y wi% to be sav$1 or else dep>t'2 :at are ^? to d :o really wi% to be sav$8 ,%\ld !y ?r[ ! dice to f9d out to :om to turn8#gg ,9 %ort1 faction is _! brea? ( life1 & if all mank9d 7 will+ to be ,*ri/ian1 !n !y w\ld n4#gh ,sid5ote3 ,gods & daemons ,b ,celsus is n cont5t m]ely to refute2 he w po9t out a m excell5t way4 ,are n all ?+s rul$ accord+ to ! w ( ,god8 is n all ,provid5ce f him8 ,:atev] !re is 9 ! :ole s*eme ( ?+s1 :e!r ! "w ( ,god1 or ( angels1 or o!r daemons1 or h]oes1 all ^! h _! law f ! greate/ ,god2 & 9 p[] ov] ea* ?+ is set he t has be5 c\nt$ fit4#gi ,probably ! v>i\s sections are allott$ to v>i\s rul]s 7epoptais7 & di/ribut$ 9 c]ta9 prov9ces1 & s gov]n$4 ,?us among ! v>i\s nations ?+s w\ld be done rightly if done z ^? rul]s w\ld h !m4 ,x is !n n holy to break d[n :at has be5 f ! beg9n+ ! tradition ( "o & ano!r place4#hj ,aga91 ! body is ! prison ( ! s\l2 %\ld !re n !n be w>d]s ( x--daemons 9 fact8#ha ,!n w n a man1 :o wor%ips ,god1 be ju/ifi$ 9 s]v+ him :o has 8 p[] f ,god8#hb ,to wor%ip !m all _c grieve him to :om !y all belong4#hc ,ov] & ov] ,celsus ma9ta9s ! duty ( liv+ by ! ance/ral usages1 ea* p wor%ipp+ its own traditional deities4#hd ,to say ) ! ,*ri/ians t !re is "o ,"l1 mean+ ,god1 is to break up ! k+dom ( ,god & make factions !re 7/asiaxe971 z if !re 7 *oices to be made1 & "o 7 a rival ( ano!r4#he ,ammon is no worse ?an ! angels ( ! ,jews2 ?\gh "h ! ,jews are s f> "r 9 t !y hold by ! ways ( _! ance/ors--an advantage :i* ! ,jewi% proselytes h #bee =feit$4#hf ,if ! ,jews pride !mselves on sup]ior k & s hold alo( f o!r m51 ,h]odotus is evid5ce t _! suppos$ peculi> dogma is %>$ by ! ,p]sians2 & ,i ?9k x makes no diff]5ce :e!r y call ,zeus ! ,mo/ ,high1 or ,zeus1 or ,adonai1 or ,sabao?1 or ,amun1 l ! ,egyptians1 or ,papaios l ! ,scy?ians4#hg ,! evid5ce = ! ancill>y daemons & gods he f9ds 9 ! famili> places4 ,:y ne$ ,i tell at l5g? h[ _m ?+s prophets & prophetesses at ! oracles h =etold1 & o!r m5 & wom5 possess$ by a voice ( a god )9 !m8 ! m>vels he>d f %r9es8 revelations f sacrifices & victims1 & o!r miracul\s tok5s8 ,& "s h be5 face to face ) visible phantoms4 ,! :ole ( life is full ( ^! ?+s4 ,cities h escap$ plague & fam9e ?r\gh w>n+s f oracles1 & h suff]$ = neglect+ !m4 ,! *ildless h ga9$ *ildr51 & ! crippl$ h be5 heal$1 :ile ^? :o h treat$ sacr$ ?+s ) contempt h be5 puni%$ 9 suicide & incurable diseases4#hh ,let a man g to ! %r9e ( ,trophonius or ,amphi>aus or ,mopsus1 & !re he may see ! gods 9 ! lik5ess ( m51 no feign$ =ms 7pseudom5\s7 b cle> to see1 n slipp+ by !m once1 l him :o deceiv$ ^! p ! ,*ri/ians1 b ev] associat+ ) ^? :o w4#hi ,a great multitude ( m51 ,greeks & b>b>ians1 te/ify t !y h (t5 se5 & /ill d see ,asklepios1 & n m]ely a phantom ( him1 b !y see himself heal+ m51 & do+ !m good1 & =etell+ ! future4#ij ,is x n likely t ^! satraps & m9i/]s ( air & e>? c\ld d y h>m1 if y did !m despite8#ia ,e>?ly rul]s too des]ve wor%ip1 s9ce !y hold _! positions n )\t daemonic influ5ce4#ib ,:y %\ld n ! ,*ri/ians wor%ip !m1 daemons & ,emp]ors8 ,if !y wor%ipp$ no o!r b "o ,god1 !y might h "s cle> argum5t aga9/ o!r m52 b1 z x is1 !y m ?an wor%ip ! p]son :o lately appe>$1 & reckon t ,god is n wrong$ by ! s]vice done to 8 subord9ate1#ic--?\gh 9 tru? he is only a corpse4#id ,9 any case1 if idols are no?+1 :at h>m is !re 9 tak+ "p 9 ! fe/ival8 b if !re are daemons1 x is cle> !y too #bef are ( ,god1 & 9 !m we mu/ tru/1 & speak !m fair1 accord+ to ! laws1 & pray t !y may be propiti\s4#ie ,x is *>act]i/ic ( ! c&\r ( ,celsus t he lets slip a caution or two ab\t ! s]vice ( daemons4 ,*ri/ians are z cr$ul\s1 he says 9 "o place1 z ^? :o lightly 7alogos7 believe 9 ! roam+ prie/s ( ,cybele 7metragurtais7 & wond]-se]s1 ,mi?ras & ,sabadios & ! l--phantoms ( ,hecate or "s o!r female daemon or daemons4#if ,aga91 he has a ^w ( w>n+ z to magic1 & ! dang] & injury into :i* ^? fall :o busy !mselves ) x--,"o mu/ be on "o's gu>d1 t "o may n1 by be+ occupi$ ) ^! matt]s1 become entangl$ 9 ! s]vice ( !m lit]ally2 fus$ ) !m1 syntake1 & ?r\gh love ( ! body & by turn+ away f bett] ?+s be ov]come by =getfulness4 ,= p]haps we %\ld n disbelieve wise m51 :o say 7z a matt] ( fact7 t ( ! daemons :o p]vade ! e>? ! great] "p are entangl$ 9 'becom+' 7g5esei syntetekos7--fus$ & rivet$ to x--& be+ b\nd to blood & smoke & *ant+s & o!r su* ?+s c d no m ?an heal ! body & =etell future de/9y to man & city2 & ! limits ( _! k & p[] are ^? ( human affairs4#ig ,sid5ote3 ,! rescue ( ! empire ,at ! la/ comes 8 great plea4 ,human au?ority is ( div9e ord9ance4 ,to ! ,emp]or all on e>? is giv52 & :atev] y receive 9 life is f him4#ih ,we mu/ n disbelieve "o ( old1 :o long ago said-- ,let "o be k+1 to :om ! son ( wise ,kronos has giv5 x4 ,if y invalidate ?is ?\ght 7dogma71 probably ! ,emp]or w puni% y4 ,= if all m5 7 to d z y d1 no?+ w prev5t ! ,emp]or be+ left alone & des]t$1#ii & all ?+s on e>? fall+ into ! p[] ( ! #beg mo/ lawless & b>b>\s savages1 ) ! result t nei!r ( y\r religion nor ( ! true wisdom w\ld !re be left among m5 s mu* z ! "n4#ajj ,y w h>dly allege t if ! ,romans 7 p]suad$ by y & =sook all _! usages z to gods & m51 & call$ ^u y\r ',mo/ ,high' or :atev] y l1 he w\ld desc5d & fight = !m & !y w\ld ne$ no o!r help4 ,= be=e n[ t same ,god promis$ 7z y say7 ?is & mu* m to ^? :o s]v$ him1 & y see all ! good he has done !m & y4 ,z = !m ! ,jews1 in/ead ( be+ ma/]s ( all ! e>?1 !y h n a clod nor a he>?/one left !m2 :ile y--if !re is any ( y left 9 hid+1 se>* is be+ made = him to put him to dea?4#aja ,! ,*ri/ian s5tim5t t x is desirable = all :o inhabit ! ,empire1 ,greeks & b>b>ians1 ,asia1 ,europe & ,libya1 to agree to "o law or cu/om1 is fooli% & impracticable4#ajb ,s ,celsus calls on ! ,*ri/ians to come to ! help ( ! ,emp]or ) all _! might & lab\r ) him z "r requires1 fight on 8 behalf1 take ! field ) him1 if he call on y1 & %>e ! comm& ( ! legions ) him#ajc--yes1 & be magi/rates1 if ne$ be1 & to d ?is = ! salvation ( laws & religion4#ajd ,x w be not$ t1 s f> z our fragm5ts s]ve u1 ,celsus conf9es himself ess5tially to ! *>ges ( folly1 p]v]sity1 & want ( national feel+4 ,an excessive op9ion ( ! value ( ! human s\l & an absurd fancy ( ,god's int]e/ 9 man are two ( ! *ief faults he sees 9 ,*ri/ianity4#aje ,he sees well1 = ! love ( ,god our ,fa!r & ! inf9ite significance ( ! meane/ & commone/ & mo/ deprav$ ( m5 7 aft] all ! c>d9al doctr9es ( ! new fai?4 ,!re c be no compromise betwe5 ! ,*ri/ian conception ( ! ,ecclesia ( ,god & ,celsus' contempt = an ecclesia ( worms 9 a pool2 nor betwe5 ! ,abba ,fa!r ( ,jesus & ! alo( & philosophic ,god ( ,celsus away beyond ev]y?+4 ,^! two #beh contra/s br+ into cle> relief ! ess5tially new features ( ,*ri/ianity1 & f ! /&po9t ( anci5t philosophy !y 7 fooli% & arbitr>y fancies4 ,t /&po9t 0 unque/ion$ by ,celsus4 ,sid5ote3 ,! failure ( ,celsus ,confid5t 9 ! tru? ( 8 premisses & ! conclusions t foll[ f !m1 ,celsus *>g$ ! ,*ri/ians ) folly & dogmatism4 ,yet x w\ld be difficult to ma9ta9 t !y 7 m dogmatic ?an himself2 !y at lea/ _h v5tur$ on ! exp]im5t ( a new life1 t 0 to br+ anci5t ,philosophy to a new te/4 ,!y 7 ! rese>*]s 9 spiritual ?+s1 & he ! traditionali/4 ,z to ! *>ge ( folly1 we may at once admit a comp>atively l[] /&>d ( education among ! ,*ri/ians2 yet ,lucian's book ,alex&]1 ) its curi\s /ory ( ! false prophet :o class$ !m ) ! ,epicureans z 8 natural enemies1 sugge/s t1 ) all _! limitations1 !y _h an emancipation ( m9d n rea*$ by all _! contempor>ies4 ,if !y did n accept ! conclusions ( ,greek ?9k]s z f9al1 !y 7 /ill less prep>$ to accept sleight-(-h& & hy/]ia z ! ultimate au?ority 9 religi\s tru?4#ajf ,plut>*1 we may rememb]1 bas$ belief 9 immortality on ! oracles ( ,apollo2 & ,celsus himself appeals to ! evid5ce ( %r9es & miracles4 ,if we say t pagans & ,*ri/ians alike believ$ 9 ! occurr5ce ( ^! miracles & 9 daemonic ag5cy z _! cause1 x rema9s t ! ,*ri/ians put some?+ mu* ne>] ! mod]n value ^u !m1 :ile ,celsus1 :o d5\nc$ ! ,*ri/ians z fools1 t5d]$ ?is contemptible evid5ce = ! religion he advocat$4 ,8 ,greek tra9+ 0 9 "s degree ! cause ( ?is4 ,! immeasurable vanity ( ! ,greeks did n escape ! ,romans4 ,a s5se ( indebt$ness to ! race t has giv5 u ,hom]1 ,euripides & ,plato leads u to treat all ,greeks k9dly--) m k9dness ?an ^? critics %[ !m ^: acqua9tance ) !m has be5 less 9 lit]ature & m 9 life4 ,! great race /ill _h gifts = mank9d1 b x 0 n[ ma9ly liv+ ^u its pa/4 ,9 ,plut>* ! pride ( race is g5ial & pleasant2 9 ,celsus x takes ano!r =m--t ( contempt = ! b>b>ian & ! unlett]$4 #bei ,! truism may be =giv5 t contempt is no pa?way to und]/&+ or to tru?2 & 9 ?is case contempt cut ,celsus (f f any real access to ! m9d ( ! p he attack$4 ,he read _! books2 he he>d !m talk2 b1 = all 8 consci\s desire to in=m himself1 he did n p5etrate into ! he>t ( ! movem5t--nor ( ! m54 ,he miss$ ! real motive =ce--! p[] ( ! life & p]sonality ( ,jesus1 on :i* dep5d$ ! two c>d9al doctr9es :i* he assail$4 ,! extraord9>y blund]s1 to :i* ! v sure/ critics 9 lit]ature are liable1 may prep>e u = any?+4 ,b to ^? :o h "s intimate realization ( ! m9d ( ,jesus1 ! portrait :i* ,celsus drew ( him is an amaz+ c>icature--! ignorant ,jewi% conjuror1 :o g>bles ,plato1 & makes no impression on 8 fri5ds1 is h>dly s mu* z a p>ody4 ,x meant t ,celsus did n und]/& ! c5tral ?+ 9 ! new fai?4 ,! godhead ( ,jesus 0 z absurd z he said1 if x 0 pr$icat$ ( ! ,jesus :om he drew2 & !re he let x re/4 ,h[ su* a dogma c\ld h gr[n 9 su* a case he did n inquire2 nor1 f9d+ x gr[n1 did he correct 8 !ory by ! fact4 ,?us ^u ! real /r5g? ( ,*ri/ianity he _h no?+ to say4 ,?is 0 n ! way to conv9ce oppon5ts1 & "h ! action ( ! ,*ri/ians 0 s\nd] & brav]4 ,= !y accept$ ! inspiration ( ! great m5 ( ,greece1 ent]$ into _! _s 7z f> z 9 t day x 0 possible71 & fairly did _! be/ to put !mselves at a univ]sal po9t ( view4#ajg ,!y _h ! l>g] sympa?ies4 ,yet = ,celsus x may be plead$ t 8 object 0 p]haps less ! reconv]sion ( ,*ri/ians to ! old fai? ?an to prev5t ! p]v]sion ( pagans to ! new4 ,b "h too he fail$1 = he did n und]/& ev5 ! midway p ) :om he 0 deal+4 ,!y 7 a l>ge class--m5 & wom5 op5 to religi\s ideas f :atev] s\rce !y might come--,egypt1 ,judaea1 or ,p]sia1 desir\s ( ! k ( #bfj ,god & ( communion ) ,god1 & 9 _m cases consci\s ( s94 ,9 none ( ^! feel+s did ,celsus %>e--8 int]e/s are all intellectual & practical4 ,plut>* be=e him1 & ! ,neo-,platoni/s aft] him1 und]/ood ! religi\s in/9cts :i* !y endeav\r$ to satisfy1 & = ! cold1 h>d outl9es ( ,celsus' hi]>*y ( heav5ly & daemonic be+s !y sub/itut$ p]sonalities1 approa*able1 w>m & fri5dly 7ho philos ,apollon74 ,m5 felt ! ne$ ( gods :o 7 ,savi\rs1--( gods ) :om !y might commune 9 sacram5ts--z ! rise ( ,mi?ra-wor%ip %[s4 ,!y s\ght = salvation f s91 = hol9ess--! ^w 0 mu* on _! lips--& = peace ) ,god4 ,to ,celsus ^! seem h>dly to h be5 necessities2 & :e!r we say t he made no ef=t to %[ t !y 7 provid$ = 9 ! old religion1 or t he sugge/$1 tacitly or explicitly1 t ! s*eme he set =? _h su* a provision1 ! effect is ! same4 ,he really _h no?+ to (f]4 ,sid5ote3 ,! victory ( ! ,*ri/ians ,celsus did n br+ aga9/ ! ,*ri/ians ! *>ges ( ,o,edipodean unions & ,?ye/ean banquets famili> to ! read] ( ! ,apologi/s#ajh--;& to ! /ud5t ( ! ev5ts t prec$$ ! ,box] movem5t 9 ,*9a4 ,:ile he taunt$ ,jesus ) be+ a ba/>d & a deceiv]1 & r\ndly d5\nc$ ,*ri/ians g5]ally = impos+ ^u ! ignorance ( m5 ) false religion & false hi/ory1 he did n say any?+ ( note aga9/ ord9>y ,*ri/ian conduct4 ,at lea/ ! fragm5ts d n %[ any?+ ( ! k9d4 ,lat] on ! def5d]s & apologi/s ( paganism _h to own ) annoyance t ,*ri/ians set _! fell[-citiz5s an example2 ,maxim9 ,daza & ,julian tri$ vigor\sly to raise ! tone ( pagan society4 ,"h lies an argum5t ) :i* ,celsus c\ld n deal4 ,! ,fa!rhood ( ,god 79 ! s5se :i* ,jesus gave to ! words7 & ! value ( ! individual s\l1 ev5 ! deprav$ & brok5 s\l1 are matt]s ( argum5t1 & on pap] !y may be v que/ionable2 b :5 ! p1 :o held or 7m truly7 7 held by ^! beliefs1 manag$ someh[ or o!r to %[ to ! _w lives trans=m$ & end[$ ) ! p[] ( trans=m+ o!rs1 ! pla9 fact outweigh$ any numb] ( ,true ,words4 ,:atev] #bfa ! explanation1 ! ?+ 0 !re4 ,*ri/ians 9 ! second c5tury laid great /ress on ! value ( pap] & argum5t1 & to-day we feel ) ,celsus t among !m1 or?odox & h]etical1 !y talk$ & wrote a great deal t 0 fooli%--_! allegories 7 worse ?an _! my?s--b ! %e] weight ( ,*ri/ian "* c>ri$ (f allegories & my?s1 bore d[n ! s*ool ( ,celsus & ! m p[]ful s*ool ( ,plut>*1 ,porphyry & ,plot9us & aboli%$ ! anci5t _w1 & !n captur$ & trans=m$ ! ,nor!rn nations4 ,celsus c\ld n =esee all t we look back ^u4 ,b x /&s to 8 cr$it t he recognis$ ! dang]s :i* ?reat5$ ! anci5t civilization1 dang]s f ,g]man )\t & ,*ri/ian )94 ,he _h n ! religi\s temp]am5t2 he 0 m ! /atesman 9 8 habit ( m9d1 & he cle>ly lov$ 8 c\ntry4 ,! appeal ) :i* he closes is a proposal ( peace--tol]ation1 if ! ,*ri/ians w save ! civiliz$ _w4 ,x 0 n de/9$ t 8 hopes %\ld be fulfill$ 9 ! =m he gave !m1 = x 0 ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* t subdu$ ! ,g]mans & t c>ri$ ov] into a l>g] & m human civilization all t 0 ( value 9 t inh]itance ( ! pa/ = :i* he plead$4 ,s f> z 8 gifts c>ri$ him1 he 0 c&id2 & if %>p ( tongue & a little irritable ( temp]1 he 0 /ill an hon\rable adv]s>y4 ,he 0 s]i\s1 &1 if he did n und]/& religion1 he believ$ 9 ! /ate & did 8 be/ to save x4 ,*apt] ,,viii ,footnotes3 #a ,keim1 ,celsus' ,wahres ,wort 7#ahgc74 #b ,keim1 pp4 #bfd-bgc4 #c ,t]tullian1 ,apol4 #ch1 nec ulla res ali5a magis quam publica4 ,else:]e ,t]tullian expla9s ?is3 la$imas ,romanos nec ,romani habemur qui non ,romanorum deum colimus1 ,apol4 #bd4 #d ,apud ,orig51 c4 ,cels4 viii1 #b4 ,ref]5ces 9 :at foll[s w be made to ! book & *apt] ( ?is "w )\t repetition ( ,orig5's "n4 ,! text us$ is t ( ,koets*au4 #e c4 ,cels4 iii1 #dd4 #f ,ibid4 iii1 #ei4 #g iii1 #ee4 ,i h omitt$ a clause or two4 ,clem ,a4 ,/rom4 iv1 #fg1 on ! o!r h&1 speaks ( ! difficult position ( wife or slave 9 su* a divid$ h\sehold1 & 7#fh7 ( conv]sions 9 spite ( ! ma/] ( ! h\se4 ,t]t4 ad ,scap4 #c1 has a /ory ( a gov]nor ^: wife became a ,*ri/ian1 & :o 9 ang] began a p]secution at once4 #h iii1 #ge4 #i i1 #i4 ,cf4 ,clem4 ,alex4 ,/rom4 i1 #dc1 on "s ,*ri/ians :o ?9k !mselves euphusis & ask = fai?--fai? alone & b>e4 ,9 ,pa$4 i1 #bg1 he says mu* ! same himself1 to pi/eusai monon kai anag5ne?unai teleiois e/9 en zoe4 #aj vi1 #aj4 ,clem4 ,alex4 ,/rom4 ii1 #h1 ,! ,greeks ?9k ,fai? empty & b>b>\s1 & revile x1 b 7ii1 #cj7 if x _h be5 a human ?+1 z !y suppos$1 x w\ld h be5 qu5*$4 #aa iii1 #fb4 #ab iii1 #fb4 #ac iii1 #fe1 t\s ham>tang9 pephykotas te kai ei?ism5\s4 #ad iii1 #ga4 #ae ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria1 ,protr4 #ib1 uses ?is simile ( worms 9 ! mud ( swamps1 apply+ x to p :o live = pleasure4 #af iv1 #bc4 #ag iv1 #gd4 #ah ,s ,lucian ,ic>om5ippus1 #ai1 explicitly4 #ai iv1 #hh4 ,cf4 ,clem4 ,alex4 ,pa$ag4 i1 #g1 to philtron endon e/9 en to an?ropo t\?' op] emphysema legetai !\4 #bj c4 ,cels4 iv1 #gd-ii4 ,cf4 ,plato1 ,laws1 #ijc ,b1 hos to t\ pantos epimel\m5o pros t5 sot]ian kai aret5 t\ hol\ pant' e/i syntetagm5a kte1 explicitly develop+ ! idea ( ! "p be+ = ! :ole4 ,also ,cic]o1 ,n4,d4 ii1 #ac1 #cd-cf4 #ba ,(4 ,m4 ,aurelius1 xi1 #c1 ! criticism ( ! !atricality ( ! ,*ri/ians4 ,see p4 #aih4 #bb c4 ,cels4 vii1 #db1 ton m5 oun poiet5 kai pat]a t\de t\ pantos ehure9 te epgon kai ehuronta eis pantas adynaton lege92 ,timaeus1 #bh ,c--(t5 cit$ by ,clem5t too4 #bc vii1 #db4 #bd vii1 #db4 #be vii1 #de4 #bf iv1 #ad4 #bg iv1 #ah4 ,see ,t]tullian's argum5t on ?is "q ( ,god *ang+1 9 de ,c>ne ,*ri/i1 #c4 ,see ,plato1 ,rep4 ii1 #cha ,b4 #bh iv1 #eb4 ,see ,timaeus1 #cd ,b ff4 on ,god mak+ s\l4 #bi iv1 #gc4 ,see ,clem4 ,alex4 ,pa$4 i1 *4 #aj1 on ,god ?reat5+2 & ,/rom1 ii1 #gb2 iv1 #aea2 vii1 #cg1 = ! view t ,god is )\t ang]1 & = guidance z to ! und]/&+ ( language 9 ! ,o4,t4 :i* seems to imply ! contr>y4 ,= a diff]5t view1 see ,t]tullian1 de ,te/im4 ,animae1 #b1 unde igitur naturalis timor animae 9 deum1 si deus nan novit irasci8 adv4 ,m>c4 i1 #bf1 #bg1 on ! necessity = ,god's ang]1 if ! moral law is to be ma9ta9$2 & adv4 ,m>c4 ii1 #af1 a fur!r acc\nt ( ,god's ang]1 :ile a lit]al int]pretation ( ,god's eyes & "r h& is exclud$4 #cj iv1 #fe4 #ca iv1 #fi4 #cb iv1 #gj4 ,long be=e 7ab\t #ejj ,b4,c47 ,h]aclitus _h said 7fragm4 #fa73 ,to ,god all ?+s are beautiful & good & j2 b m5 h suppos$ "s ?+s to be unju/ & o!rs j4 ,= ?is doctr9e ( ! relativity ( good & bad to ! :ole1 cf4 hymn ( ,clean!s to ,zeus3-- alla su kai ta p]issa t' epi/asai artia !9ai1 kai kosme9 ta kosma1 kai ou phila soi phila e/94 ode g> eis en panta syn]mokas e/hla kakois9 o/h' ena gigne/hai panton logon ai5 eonta4 ,cf4 also ! tea*+ ( ,*rysippus1 z giv5 by ,gellius1 ,n4,a4 vii1 #a3 cum bona malis contr>ia s9t1 utraque necessum e/ opposita int] sese et quasi mutuo adv]se quaeque fulta nisu consi/]e2 nullum adeo contr>ium e/ s9e contr>io alt]o 444 situl]is unum ab/ul]is utrumque4 ,see also ,m4 ,aurelius 9 ! same ,/oic ve91 viii1 #ej2 ix1 #db4 ,on ! o!r side see ,plut>*'s indignant criticism ( ?is attribution ( ! responsibility = evil to ,god1 de comm4 n4 adv4 ,/o4 #ad1 #ajfe ,d1 ff4 ,9 opposition to ,m>cion1 ,t]tullian emphasizes ! wor? ( ! _w2 8 position1 z a few words w %[1 is n t ( ,celsus1 b ,/oic influ5ce is n abs5t3 adv4 ,m>c4 i1 #ac1 #ad2 ,ergo nec mundus deo indignus3 nihil et5im deus indignum / fecit1 etsi mundum hom9i non sibi fecit1 etsi omne opus inf]ius e/ suo artifice2 see p4 #cag4 #cc iv1 #c4 #cd iv1 #f4 #ce iv1 #g4 #cf vii1 #cf4 #cg viii1 #fc4 #ch viii1 #ff4 #ci vi1 #fi4 ,m51 :o c\nt !mselves wise1 says ,clem5t 7,/rom4 i1 #hh71 c\nt x a fairy tale t ! son ( ,god %\ld speak ?r\gh man1 or t ,god %\ld h a son1 & he suff]4 #dj vi1 #gb4 #da vi1 #gc4 ,cf4 ! ,m>cionite view2 cf4 ,t]t4 adv4 ,m>c4 iii1 #aa2 iv1 #ba2 v1 #ai1 cuius +5iis tam longe abe/ v]itas no/ra ut 444 ,*ri/um ex vulva virg9is natum non erubescat1 rid5tibus philosophis et ha]eticis et e?nicis ipsis4 ,see also de c>ne ,*ri/i1 #d1 #e1 :]e he /rikes a high] note2 ,*ri/ lov$ man1 born z man is1 & desc5d$ = him4 #db vi1 #ge4 ,cf4 ,t]t4 de c>ne ,*ri/i1 #i1 adeo nec humanae hone/atis corpus fuit2 adv4 ,jud4 #ad1 ne aspectu quidem hone/us4 #dc vi1 #gh4 ,cf4 ,t]t4 adv4 ,m>c4 iii1 i1 atqu9 nihil putem a deo subitum quia nihil a deo non dispositum4 #dd vii1 #ac1 skataophage94 ,orig5's reply is absurd--h9a g> kai doxe hoti he/he91 hos soma phoron ho ,ies\s he/he94 ,s also said ,clem5t 7,/rom4 vi1 #ga74 ,val5t9us _h ano!r !ory no bett]1 ,/rom4 iii4 #ei4 ,m>cion1 ,t]tullian says 7adv4 ,m>c4 iii1 #aj71 call$ ! fle% t]r5am et /]coribus infusam4 ,!y are all fill$ ) ! same contempt = matt]--n ,t]tullian1 h[ev]4 #de i1 #fi4 #df i1 #ed4 #dg i1 #ab4 #dh ii1 #bc1 #bd4 #di ii1 #cd4 #ej ii1 #cg4 #ea ii1 #ff1 #fg4 ,t]tullian meets ?is 9 ,apol4 #ba4 ,nam nec ille se 9 vulgus eduxit ne impii errore lib]>cntur1 ut et fides1 non m$iocri praemio de/9ata1 difficultate con/>et4 #eb ii1 #fh1 #ec viii1 #ci4 #ed viii1 #da4 #ee v1 #fe4 #ef vi1 #cd4 ,cf4 a curi\s passage ( ,clem4 ,alex4 ,protr4 #aad1 outos t5 dus9 eis anatol5 metegag5 kai ton ?anaton eis zo5 ane/aurs5 ex>pasas de tes apoleias ton an?ropon prosekremas5 ai!ri1 & s =?4 ,cf4 ,t]t4 adv4 ,val5t4 #bj1 :o sugge/s t ! ,val5t9ians _h nut-trees 9 ! sky--x is a book 9 :i* he all[s himself a good deal ( gaiety & free quotation4 #eg i1 #bh4 #eh ,m4 ,aurelius1 i1 #f1 ,f ,diognetus ,i le>nt n to give cr$it to :at 0 said by miracle-work]s & juggl]s 7goeton7 ab\t incantations & ! s5d+ away ( daemons & su* ?+s4 ,cf4 ,t]tullian1 adv4 ,m>c4 iii1 #b-d1 on inadequacy ( pro( f miracles alone1 )\t t f prophecy2 also de ,anima1 #eg1 on ^! conjur]s1 :]e he rem>ks1 nec magnum illi ext]iores oculos circumscrib]e1 an int]iorem m5tis aciem excalc>e p]facile e/4 ,see also ,apol4 #bb1 #bc4 #ei i1 #fh4 #fj vii1 #i4 #fa iii1 #cf4 #fb vi1 #af4 ,cf4 ,plato1 ,laws1 v1 #ab1 p4 #gdc ,a4 #fc vi1 #ag-ai2 ,pha$rus1 #bdg ,c4 #fd vi1 #db4 #fe vii1 #cb2 cf4 ,m94 ,felix1 #aa1 #i4 #ff iv1 #aa4 #fg vi1 #h4 #fh vi1 #dg4 ,cf4 ,plato1 ,timaeus 7la/ words71 #ib ,c1 eis ouranos ode monog5es on4 #fi v1 #ad4 #gj v1 #ad4 #ga vii1 #cd4 #gb viii1 #di4 #gc viii4 #dh4 #gd iii1 #ad4 #ge v1 #ei4 #gf iii1 #ab4 #gg vi1 ,,ii4 #gh iii1 #i4 ,t]tullian speaks 9 a some:at simil> way ( h]etics1 especially ( ! ,gno/ics3 de praescriptione ha]et4 c4 #db4 #gi vii1 #fh4 #hj v1 #be4 #ha viii1 #ec1 #eh4 #hb vii1 #fh4 #hc vii1 #b4 #hd ,cf4 v1 #cd1 #ce4 #he viii1 ii4 ,cf4 ,t]t4 adv4 ,prax4 #c1 :]e x is argu$ t ,god's mon>*y is n impair$ tot angelorum num]o1 nor by ! oikonomia ( ! ,tr9ity4 #hf v1 #da4 #hg v1 #da4 #hh viii1 #de4 #hi vii1 #ce4 #ij iii1 #bd4 ,cf4 p4 #bbb4 #ia viii1 #ce4 #ib viii1 #fc4 #ic viii1 #ab4 #id vii1 #fh4 #ie viii1 #bd4 #if i1 #i1 ,mi?rais kai ,sabadiois4 #ig viii1 #fj4 ,see note on *4 iii1 p4 #ajg4 #ih viii1 #fg4 #ii ,cf4 ,t]t4 de cor4 mil4 #aa1 if a soldi] is conv]t$1 aut des]5dum /atim ut a multis actum1 aut1 etc4 ,! *apt] is a g5]al discussion :e!r milit>y s]vice & ,*ri/ianity are compatible4 ,cf4 also ,t]t4 de idol4 #ai1 ,non conv5it sacram5to div9o et humano1 signo ,*ri/i et signo diaboli1 ca/ris lucis et ca/ris t5ebr>um 444 quomodo autem bellabit immo quomodo etiam 9 pace militabit s9e gladio quem dom9us ab/ulit8 4444 omnem po/ea militem dom9us 9 ,petro ex>m&o disc9xit4 ,t]tullian1 x may be rememb]$1 0 a soldi]'s son4 #ajj viii1 #fh4 ,! ,greeks us$ basileus z ,emp]or4 #aja viii1 #fi4 ,= ?is taunt aga9/ ! ,jews1 cf4 ,cic]o1 pro ,flacco1 #bh1 #fi4 #ajb viii1 #gb4 #ajc viii1 #gc4 #ajd viii1 #ge4 #aje ,cf4 ,clem4 ,alex4 ,/rom4 i1 #ee1 :o says t h>dly any words c\ld be to ! _m m absurd ?an ! my/]ies ( ! fai?4 #ajf ,clem4 ,alex4 ,protr4 #ef 7on idols74 ou g> moi !mis empi/eusai pote tois apsy*ois tas tes psy*es elpidas4 #ajg ,?is 0 at all ev5ts ! view ( ,clem5t1 ,/rom4 i1 #ai4 oude katapsephixe/hai ton ,hell5on oion te psile te p]i ton dogmatio!nton autois *rom5\s phrasei1 me synembra9ontas eis t5 kata m]os a*ri syllnoseos ekkalyps94 pi/os g> eu mala ho met' empeirias eleg*os1 hoti kai teleiotate apadeixis ehurisketai he gnosis ton kategnosm5on4 #ajh ,x is regrettable t ,clem5t %\ld h flung "o ( ^! aga9/ ! s*ool ( ,c>pocrates1 ,/rom4 iii1 #aj4 #bfb ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,clem5t ,,( ,,alex&ria ,vid]9t qui ,/oicum et ,platonicum et dialecticum ,*ri/ianismum protul]unt4--,,t]tullian1 de praescr4 ha]et4 #g4 ,no "o c allege t ! ,bible has fail$ to w9 access = want ( metaphysics be+ appli$ to x4--,,mat!w ,,arnold1 ,lit]ature & ,dogma1 p4 #aba4 ,?\gh ,celsus _h mu* to say ^u ! vulg> & s]vile "* ( ! memb]s ( ! ,*ri/ian community1 he took ! tr\ble to write a book to refute ,*ri/ianity2 & ?is book1 z we h se51 0 writt5 f a m or less philosophical po9t ( view4 ,he pr(ess$ himself d\btful z to :e!r 8 oppon5ts w\ld und]/& 8 argum5ts2 b t he wrote at all1 & t he wrote z he did1 is evid5ce t ! new fai? 0 mak+ its way upw>d ?r\gh society1 & 0 ga9+ a hold ^u ! classes ( weal? & education4 ,sid5ote3 ,! rise ( ! ,*ur* ,x is n h>d to und]/& ?is4 ,?\gh conditions ( indu/ry 7 n :at !y are to-day1 x is likely t conv]sion 0 foll[$ by ! economic results ) :i* we are famili>4 ,! tea*+ ( ! *ur* condemn$ ! vices t w> aga9/ ?rift2 & ! new life t fill$ ! conv]t _h its inevitable effect 9 quick5+ insight & en]gy4 ,! community insi/$ on e man hav+ a trade & work+ at x4 ,) no su* end 9 view1 ! *ur* mu/ h numb]$ among its adh]5ts m & m p ( weal? & influ5ce 9 spite ( all defections1 j z to-day ,prote/antism 9 ,france has p[] & responsibility out ( all proportions to m]e numb]s4 ,! ,emp]or ,hadrian1 is said to h made ! obs]vation t 9 ,egypt1 :e!r m5 wor%ipp$ ,*ri/ or ,s]apis1 !y all wor%ipp$ money4#a ,! rem>k _h probably z mu* tru? z su* say+s g5]ally h1 b we may probably inf] t _m ,*ri/ians 7 punctual 9 #bfc _! obs]vance ( ! duty laid on !m to be n slo?ful 9 bus9ess4 ,! fir/ f\r or five g5]ations ( ,*ri/ians c\ld n1 on ! :ole1 boa/ mu* culture--s f> z _! records p]mit u to judge4 ,n _m wise1 said ,paul1 & _! fewness has left an impress on ! hi/ory ( ! *ur*4 ,a t5d5cy to flight9ess 9 speculation on ! "o h&1 & a /olid refusal to speculate at all on ! o!r1 are ! m>ks ( second c5tury ,*ri/ianity4 ,! e>ly attempts made to come to t]ms ) human wisdom 7 n happy1 ei!r at ! c5tre or on ! circumf]5ce ( ! body4 ,! adju/m5t ( ! ,gospel /ory to ,old ,te/am5t prophecy 0 n a real triumph ( ! human m9d1 nor 7 ! ef=ts at sci5tific !ology any bett]4 ,docetism1 ) its phantom ,*ri/1 & ,gno/icism ) its anti!sis ( ! j ,god & ! good ,god1 7 n likely to satisfy mank9d4 ,simple p felt t ^! ?+s /ruck at _! life1 & !y reject$ !m1 & began to suspect ! intellect4 ,! c5tury saw ! gr[? ( ecclesia/ical sy/em1 episcopal ord] & apo/olic tradition4 ,m5 began to speak ( ! old *ur*1 ! orig9al *ur* & ! ca?olic *ur*1 & to cleave to its rule ( fai? & tradition ( s\nd words4 ,by #bjj ,a4,d4 ! *ur* 0 no long] a new ?+ 9 ! _w2 x _h its own anci5t hi/ory )\t go+ back to ,judaism & ! old cov5ant2 x _h its leg5ds2 & x c\ld n[ speak l ! ,greeks ( ! old fai? ( our fa!rs4 ,z x rose 9 ! _w1 ! *ur* came into contact ) new problems4 ,z long z m5 7 )\t culture1 !y 7 n tr\bl$ by ! necessity ( reconcil+ culture ) fai?1 b ! "t _h come :5 x mu/ be done 9 e>ne/4 ,weal? 0 br++ leisure1 & ref9em5t1 & new intellectual outlooks & int]e/s4 ,c\ld ! *ur* d ) !m8 0 ! urg5t "q4 ,0 x possible = a man to be at once a ,greek g5tleman ( weal? & culture & a simple ,*ri/ian l ! humble gr&fa!rs ( 8 fell[-believ]s--or l 8 own slaves1 ! full] & ! cobbl] ( 8 h\sehold8 ,we %all und]/& ! problem bett] if we c make "s acqua9tance ) ! daily life & environm5t ( ^! conv]ts ( ! bett] classes4 ,9 ! second & ?ird books ( 8 ,p$agogue ,clem5t ( #bfd ,alex&ria deals ) ! daily r\nd & deportm5t ( ,*ri/ians1 = :om extravagance & luxury might be a real temptation4 ,a few po9ts1 ga!r$ "h & !re f ! two books1 w suffice4 ,he recomm5ds simplicity ( diet ) heal? & /r5g? z its objects--! vi&s1 :i* ! ,gospels sugge/1 fi% & ! honeycomb1 be+ admirable = ^! purposes4#b ,w9e provokes ! passions--,i !re=e admire ^? :o h *os5 ! au/]e life & are fond ( wat]1 ! m$ic9e ( temp]ance4 ,boys & girls %\ld z a g5]al rule ab/a9 f ! o!r drug--w9e4#c ,good mann]s at table--no noisy gulp+1 no hiccupp+1 no spill+1 no soil+ ( ! c\*1 no slobb]+ ( h& or *9--h[ d y ?9k ! ,"l drank1 :5 he became man = u8#d ,vessels ( silv] & gold1 furniture ( r>e woods inlaid ) ivory1 rugs ( purple & ri* col\rs1 are h>dly necess>y = ! ,*ri/ian--! ,"l ate f a *eap b[l & made 8 disciples lie on ! gr\nd1 on ! grass1 & he wa%$ _! feet ) a t[el ab\t him--! l[ly-m9d$ ,god & ,"l ( ! univ]se4 ,he did n br+ a silv] foot-ba? f heav5 to c>ry ab\t ) him4 ,he ask$ ! ,sam>itan woman to give him to dr9k 9 a vessel ( clay z %e drew x up f ! well1--n seek+ ! royal gold1 b tea*+ u to qu5* ?ir/ easily4 ,9 g5]al z to food1 dress1 furniture & all t p]ta9s to ! h\se1 ,i say at once1 x %\ld all be accord+ to ! in/itutions ( ! ,*ri/ian man1 fitt+ appropriately p]son1 age1 pursuits & "t4#e ,sid5ote3 ,*ri/ian mann]s ,clem5t passes f ! table to a g5]al discussion ( mann]s & habits4 ,man is a laugh+ animal1 b he %\ld n laugh all ! "t4 ,hum\r is recomm5d$ r ?an wit 7*>i5ti/eon ou gelotopoieteon1 #de1 #d74 ,! ord]ly relaxation ( ! face :i* pres]ves its h>mony is a smile 7#df1 #c7--;giggl+ & excessive laught] are p]v]sions4 ,c>e %\ld be tak5 9 conv]sation to avoid l[ talk1 & ! sc(f t leads ! way to insol5ce1 & ! argum5t = b>r5 victory--man is a creature ( peace1 z ! greet+ ,peace ) y %[s u4 ,"s talk]s are l old %oes--only ! tongue left = mis*ief4 #bfe ,!re are _m tricks unfit = a ,*ri/ian g5tleman--spitt+1 c\gh+1 scrat*+ & o!r ?+s2 & he w\ld d well to avoid :i/l+ & snapp+ 8 f+]s to call ! s]vants4 ,fidgett+ is ! m>k ( m5tal levity 7symbolon k\photetos74#f ,9 ! c>e ( "o's p]son1 oil may be us$2 x is a sign ( ! luxury ( ! times t sc5ts & ungu5ts are s univ]sally appli$ to su* v>i\s purposes4 ,! hea!n cr[n$ _! heads ) fl[]s & made x a reproa* t ,*ri/ians gave up ! practice4 ,b1 z ,t]tullian said1 !y smelt ) _! noses2 & ,clem5t urges t on ! head fl[]s are lo/ to sight & smell1 & *ill ! bra94 ,a fl[]-g>d5 9 spr+1 ) ! dew ^u all its col\rs1 & all ! natural sc5ts ( ! op5 air1 is ano!r ?+4 ,! ,*ri/ian too w rememb]--,t]tullian also has ?is ?\ght--t x 0 ano!r cr[n t ! ,"l wore#g--;ex sp9is op9or1 et tribulis4 ,! real objection 0 t ! cu/om 0 associat$ ) idol-wor%ip4 ,silk & purple & pe>ls are next dealt )--& e>r+s1 an outrage on nature--if y pi]ce ! e>1 :y n ! nose too8#h ,all peculi>ity ( dress %\ld be avoid$1 & s %\ld cosmetics--or else y may rem9d p ( ! ,egyptian temple1 outside all spl5d\r1 inside a prie/ s++ a hymn to a cat or a crocodile4#i ,temp]ance 9 dr9k & symmetry 9 food are wond]ful cosmetics & q natural4#aj ,let a woman "w ) h] h&s1 & heal? w come & br+ h] beauty4 ,%e %\ld g veil$ to *ur*1 l ,a,eneas' wife leav+ ,troy4#aa ,m5 may play at ball1 take c\ntry walks1 & try g>d5+ & draw+ wat] & splitt+ billets4#ab ,f+]-r+s are all[$ = !m--gold r+s1 to be us$ z seals = security aga9/ ! slaves4 #bff ,let our seals be a dove1 or a fi%1 or a %ip runn+ be=e ! w9d1 or a lyre1 or a %ip's an*or--n an idol's face1 or a sword or a cup or some?+ worse4#ac ,m5 %\ld we> _! hair %ort 7unless x is curly71 gr[ _! be>ds & keep _! m\/a*es trimm$ ) ! scissors4#ad ,our slaves we %\ld treat z ourselves1 = !y are m5 z we2 ,god 7z a v]se1 p]haps f ,m5&]1 puts x7 is ! same = all1 free or slave1 if y ?9k ( x4#ae ,all ^! admonitions imply an audi5ce ) "s degree ( weal?4 ,! ,*ri/ian artisan ( ,celsus _h no temptation to use a silv] foot-ba? or to pla/] himself ) cosmetics4 ,x may also be rem>k$ t ! man :o gives ! advice %[s himself well acqua9t$ ) ! ways ( good society--& p]haps ( society n s well gift$ ) ta/e4 ,) all ?is ref9em5t w5t education4 ,! *ildr5 ( ,*ri/ian p>5ts 7 be+ educat$1 & new conv]ts 7 be+ made among ! cultur$ classes1 & ! adju/m5t ( ! new fai? & ! old culture 0 imp]ative4 ,! m5 to make x 7 f\nd 9 a succession ( s*ol>s1 le>n$ 9 all ! wisdom ( ,greece1 en?usia/ic = philosophy & yet loyal to ! ,gospel tradition4 ,! fir/ ( ^!1 ^: "n we "k1 0 ,panta5us2 b beyond 8 "n !re is little to be kn[n ( him4 ,eusebius says t he began z a ,/oic philosoph] & end$ z a ,*ri/ian mission>y to ,india4#af ,8 pupil1 ,clem5t1 is ( f> great] importance 9 ! hi/ory ( ,*ri/ian ?\ght4 ,sid5ote3 ,8 classical tra9+ ,( ,clem5t aga9 !re is little to be le>nt beyond :at c be ga!r$ f 8 own writ+s4 ,he alludes himself to ! dea? ( ! ,emp]or ,commodus z be+ #aid ye>s1 #a mon? & #ac days aft] ! bir? ( ,*ri/ 7x 0 9 #aib ,a4,d472 & ,eusebius quotes a passage f a contempor>y lett] :i* %[s t ,clem5t 0 alive 9 #baa ,a4,d41 & ano!r writt5 9 or ab\t #bae1 :i* implies t he 0 dead4#ag ,we h also an indication f ,eusebius t 8 activity z a tea*] 9 ,alex&ria la/$ f #ahj #bfg to #bjb or #bjc4ah ,we may !n assume t ,clem5t 0 born ab\t ! middle ( ! c5tury4 ,epiphanius says t ,clem5t 0 ei!r an ,alex&r9e or an ,a!nian4 ,a phrase to be quot$ bel[ sugge/s t he 0 n an ,alex&r9e1 & x has be5 held possible t he came f ,a!ns4#ai ,x also seems t he 0 born a pagan4#bj ,p]haps he says ?is himself :5 he writes3 rejoic+ exce$+ly & r5\nc+ our old op9ions we gr[ "y aga9 = salvation1 s++ ) ! prophecy t *ants ',h[ good is ,god to ,israel4'#ba ,x is obvi\s t he _h ! usual tra9+ ( a ,greek ( 8 social position4 ,if 8 code ( mann]s is lift$ above o!r su* codes by ! con/ant sugge/ion ( ! g5tle _s ( ,jesus1 x yet be>s ! m>k ( 8 race & ( 8 p]iod4 ,x is ,greek & ari/ocratic1 & x w\ld 9 ! ma9 comm& ! approval ( ,plut>*4 ,he mu/ h be5 taught ,rhetoric l e "o else1--8 /yle %[s ?is z mu* z 8 prote/s t he does n aim at eloqu5ce 7euglottia71 t he has n /udi$ & does n practise ,greek /yle 7helleixe974#bb ,he has ! diffuse le>n+ ( 8 day--wide1 second-h& & uncritical2 &1 l o!r contempor>y writ]s1 he 0 a devotee ( ! note-book4 ,no age ( ,greek lit]ature has left u s _m works ( ! k9d he wrote--! %e] cong]ies ) no attempt at /ructure1 no beg9n+1 middle & end1--easy1 accumulative books ( f9e miscellane\s fe$+1 ) titles t playfully confess to _! "*4 ,l o!r au?ors ( ?is class1 ,clem5t pres]ves = u _m & _m a fragm5t ( m int]e/ & value ?an any orig9al piece ( lit]ature c\ld h be54 ,he cle>ly lov$ ! poetry ( ,greece1 & x comes spontane\sly & irresi/ibly to 8 m9d z he writes1 & ! say+s ( ,jesus are re9=c$ by ^? ( ,m5&] or ,epi*>mus4 ,! old words *>m him1 & #bfh he _c reject !m4 ,8 ,/romateis are n l ornam5tal p>adises laid out 9 r[s to please ! eye1 b r resemble "s %ady & ?ickly-wood$ hill1 :]e y may f9d cypress & plane1 bay & ivy1 & apple trees along ) olives & figs#bc--trees ) lit]>y connotations4 ,su* works imply "s want ( ! creative in/9ct1 ( orig9ality1 & !y are an index to ! ?9k+ ( ! age1 impress$ ) its great ance/ry4 ,x is to be rem>k$ t ! writ]s ( our p]iod c>e little = ! lit]ature ( ! pa/ two or ?ree c5turies2 !y quote _! own tea*]s & ! great philosoph]s & poets ( anci5t ,greece4#bd ,few ( !m h any new ?\ghts at all1 & ^? :o h are "u ! necessity ( clo?+ !m 9 ! hall[$ phrases ( _! pr$ecessors4 ,?is 0 ! tra9+ 9 :i* ,clem5t %>$4 ,lat] on1 he emancipat$ himself1 & spoke contemptu\sly ( ! s*ool--a riv] ( words & a trickle ( m9d2#be b an education is n easily %ak5 (f4 ,he might qu>rel ) 8 tea*]s & _! lessons1 b he /ill believ$ 9 !m4 ,x may be not$ t 9 8 quotations ( ,greek lit]ature 8 att5tion is ma9ly giv5 to ! ?\ght :i* he f9ds 9 ! words--or atta*es to !m--t he does n seem to conceive ( a "w ( art z a :ole1 nor does he conc]n himself ) ! au?or4 ,he us$ ! words z a quotation1 & x is n unlikely t _m ( ! passages he borr[$ he knew only z quotations4 ,9 philosophy 8 tra9+ mu/ h be5 mu* ! same1 b "h he _h a m liv+ int]e/4 ,philosophy t\*$ him m ne>ly1 = x bore ^u ! two great problems ( ! human s\l--conduct & ,god4 ,l ,s5eca & ,plut>* he 0 n int]e/$ 9 ,philosophy ap>t f ^! issues--epi/emology1 psy*ology1 physics & s =? 7 n practical matt]s4 ,! philosoph]s he judg$ by _! !ology4 ,) religi\s m5 ( 8 day he leant to ! ,/oics & tru?-lov+ ,plato--especially ,plato1 :om he #bfi seems to h read = himself--b he av[s t ,philosophy = him means n ! sy/em ( any s*ool or ?9k]1 b ! sum ( ! unque/ionable dogmata ( all ! s*ools1 all t 9 e s*ool has be5 well said1 to tea* righte\sness ) pi\s k--?is eclectic :ole ,i call ,philosophy4#bf ,to ?is ,philosophy all o!r /udies contribute--!y are ! h&maid5s1 & %e ! mi/ress#bg--;& %e h]self owns ! sway ( ,!ology4 ,sid5ote3 ,clem5t & ! my/]ies ,at "s "t ( 8 life ,clem5t acquir$ a close acqua9tance ) pagan my?ology & its cults4 ,x may be t he 0 initiat$ into my/]ies2 9 8 ,protrepticus he gives an acc\nt ( _m ( !m1 :i* is ( great value to ! mod]n /ud5t4 ,x is probable en\gh t an e>ne/ man 9 se>* ( ,god w\ld explore ! obvi\s av5ues to ! k he s\ght--av5ues mu* travell$ & l\dly vaunt$ 9 8 day4 ,hav+ explor$ !m1 x is aga9 n unlikely t a _s s pure & g5tle %\ld be repell$ by rituals & leg5ds full ( obsc5ity & cruelty4 ,x is ( c\rse possible t mu* ( 8 k came f books1 p]haps aft] 8 conv]sion1 = "o great "p ( ,*ri/ian polemic 0 ! simple exposure ( ! secret rites ( paganism4 ,yet x rema9s t 8 language is p]man5tly *>g$ ) te*nical t]ms prop] to ! my/]ies1 & t he loves to put ,*ri/ian k & exp]i5ce 9 ! old language--,oh6 my/]ies truly holy6 ,oh6 /a9less light6 ,! dadu*s lead me on to be ! epopt ( ! heav5s & ( ,god2 ,i am initiat$ & become holy2 ! ,"l is ! hi]ophant & seals ! my/es = himself1 himself ! photagogue4#bh ,x is aga9 a little surpris+ to he> ( ! ,savi\r be+ our my/agogue z 9 ! trag$y-- ,he sees1 we see1 he gives ! holy ?+s 7orgia72 & if ?\ wilt inquire #bgj ,^! holy ?+s--:at =m h !y = !e8 ?\ wilt he> 9 reply ,save ,bac*us' own initiate1 none may "k4#bi ,x is inconceivable t a ,hebrew1 or anyone b a ,greek1 c\ld h writt5 su* a passage ) its d\ble s]ies ( allusions to ,greek my/]ies & to ,euripides' ,bac*ae4 ,clem5t is ! only man :o writes 9 ?is way1 ) an allusiv5ess beyond ,plut>*'s1 & a fancy z compreh5sive z 8 *>ity & 8 exp]i5ce ( lit]ature & religion4 ,he _h ! ,greek's curi\s int]e/ 9 =eign religions1 & he speaks ( ,*aldaeans & ,magians1 ( ,indian h]mits & ,brahmans--& among ! ,indians are ^? t foll[ ! precepts ( ,buddha 7,b\tta71 :om = 8 exce$+ hol9ess !y h hon\r$ z a god--( ! holy wom5 ( ! ,g]mans & ! ,druids ( ! ,gauls4#cj ,probably 9 ea* ( ^! cases 8 k 0 soon exhau/$1 b x %[s ! direction ( 8 ?\ghts4 ,egypt ( c\rse furni%$ a ri*] field ( inquiry to him z to ,plut>*4 ,he has passages on ,egyptian symbolism1#ca & on _! c]emonial1#cb :i* conta9 int]e/+ detail4 ,x 0 admitt$ by ! ,greeks--ev5 by ,celsus--t b>b>ians excell$ 9 ! discov]y ( religi\s dogma1 ?\gh !y c\ld n equal ! ,greeks 9 ! philosophic use ( x4 ,?us ,pausanias says ! ,*aldaeans & ,indian ,magians fir/ spoke ( ! s\l's immortality1 :i* _m ,greeks h accept$1 n lea/ ,plato son ( ,ari/on4#cc ,9 ! c\rse ( 8 intellectual w&]+s1 v possibly be=e he became a ,*ri/ian1 ,clem5t inve/igat$ ,jewi% ?\ght s f> z x 0 accessible to him 9 ,greek1 = ,greeks did n le>n b>b>ian languages4 ,eusebius rem>ks ^u 8 allusions to a numb] ( ,jewi% hi/orians4#cd ,8 debt to #bga ,philo is v great1 = x 0 n only 8 allegoric me?od 9 g5]al & "s elaborate allegories t he borr[$1 b ! c5tral conception 9 8 pres5tm5t ( ,*ri/ianity comes orig9ally f ! ,jewi% ?9k]1 ?\gh ,clem5t 0 n ! fir/ ,*ri/ian to use ! t]m ,logos4 ,clem5t does n tell u t he 0 born ( pagan p>5ts1 nor does he speak def9itely ( 8 conv]sion4 ,x is an inf]5ce1 & we are left to conjecture ! /eps by :i* x came1 b )\t ! help ( evid5ce4 ,"o allusion to 8 ,*ri/ian tea*]s is dropp$ :5 he ju/ifies 8 writ+ ! ,/romateis--memor&a treasur$ up = my old age1 an antidote aga9/ =getfulness1 a m]e semblance & %ad[-picture ( ^? bright & liv+ disc\rses1 ^? m5 happy & truly rem>kable1 :om ,i 0 c\nt$ wor?y to he>4 ,& !n ! read+ is unc]ta91 b1 accord+ to ,dr ,/ahl9's text he says3 ,( ^!1 "o 0 9 ,greece--! ,ionian2 ! next 7pl47 9 ,magna ,graecia 7"o ( :om 0 f ,coele ,syria & ! o!r f ,egypt72 o!rs 9 ! ,ea/2 & 9 ?is region "o 0 an ,assyrian1 & ! o!r 9 ,pale/9e a ,hebrew by desc5t4 ,! la/ ( all 79 p[] he 0 ! fir/7 ,i met & f\nd my re/ 9 him1 :5 ,i _h caught him hidd5 away 9 ,egypt4 ,he1 ! true ,sicilian bee1 cull+ ! fl[]s ( ! prophetic & apo/olic mead[1 begot pure k 9 ! s\ls ( ^? :o he>d him4 ,^! m5 pres]v$ ! true tradition ( ! bless$ tea*+ direct f ,pet] & ,james1 ,john & ,paul1 ! holy apo/les1 son receiv+ x f fa!r 7'& few be sons _! fa!rs' pe]s'71 & rea*$ d[n by ,god's bless+ ev5 to u1 9 u to deposit ^? ance/ral & apo/olic se$s4#ce ,x is suppos$ t ! ,assyrian 0 ,tatian1 :ile ! ,sicilian bee hidd5 away 9 ,egypt 0 almo/ c]ta9ly ,panta5us4 ,clem5t's education _h be5 wide & sup]ficial1 8 read+ sympa!tic b n deep1 8 philosophy vague & eclectic1 & n[ f paganism ) its /range & indef9ite aggregation ( religions bas$ on cult & leg5d1 he pass$ to a fai? t re/$ on a tradition jeal\sly ma9ta9$ & a rule beg9n+ to be v5]able4 ,he met m5 ) a def9ite language 9 :i* !y express$ a common exp]i5ce--:o _h moreov] se5 a good _m ef=ts made to m5d ! #bgb language & all ( !m end+ 9 %ipwreck conc]n+ ! fai?2 :o !re=e held to ! =m ( s\nd words z ! "o f\ndation = ! ,*ri/ian life4 ,x says a great deal = ,clem5t's "*--"o might boldly say at once t x is an index to 8 p]sonal exp]i5ce--t he c\ld sympa?ize ) ^! m5 9 ! w>m & g5]\s way he did4 ,n[ & aga9 he is guilty ( direct+ a little irony aga9/ ! l\d]-voic$ def5d]s ( fai? only1 b>e fai?#cf & /raight op9ion--! or?odoxa/s1 z !y are call$4#cg 7,! curi\s ^w %[s t ! t]ms or?odox & or?odoxy 7 n yet q develop$47 ,b he /&s firmly by ! simple/ ,*ri/ians & _! exp]i5ce4 ,if he pleads = a wid] view ( ?+s--= :at he calls k1 x is1 he ma9ta9s1 ! developm5t ( ! common fai? ( all ,*ri/ians4 ,x is q diff]5t f ! wisdom t is implant$ by tea*+2 x comes by grace4 ,! f\ndation ( k is to h no d\bts ab\t ,god1 b to believe2 ,*ri/ is bo?--f\ndation & sup]/ructure alike2 by him is ! beg9n+ & ! end4444 ,^!1 ,i mean fai? & love1 are n matt]s ( tea*+4#ch ,z ,jesus became p]fect by baptism & 0 hall[$ by ! desc5t ( ! _s1 s x befals u also1 ^: patt]n is ! ,"l4 ,baptiz$1 we are enlight5$2 enlight5$1 we are made sons2 made sons we are p]fect$2 made p]fect we become immortal all ^! v]bs & p>ticiples are 9 ! pres5t4 ',i1' he sai?1 'said ye are gods & sons ( ! ,mo/ ,high1 all ( y4' ,?is "w has _m names2 x is call$ gift or grace1 *>isma1 enlight5m5t1 p]fection1 baptism4444 ,:at is want+ = him :o kn[s ,god8 ,x w\ld be /range inde$ if t 7 call$ a gift ( ,god :i* 0 incomplete2 ! ,p]fect w give :at is p]fect1 "o supposes4444 ,?us !y t h once grasp$ ! bord]s ( life are already p]fect2 we live already1 :o are sep>at$ f dea?4 ,salvation is foll[+ ,*ri/4444 ,s to believe--only to believe--& to be born aga9 is p]fection 9 life4#ci ,he praises ! poet ( #bgc ,agrig5tum = hymn+ fai?1 :i* 8 v]ses decl>e to be h>d2 '& t is :y ! ,apo/le exhorts 't y\r fai? may n be 9 ! wisdom ( m5'--:o (f] to p]suade--'b 9 ! p[] ( ,god'--:i* alone & )\t pro(s c by b>e fai? save4#dj ,sid5ote3 ,! real polymetis ,x 0 ?is /rong sympa?y ) ! simple/ view ( ! ,*ri/ian fai? t made ! life-"w ( ,clem5t possible4 ,he 0 to g f> outside ! ord9>y ?\ghts ( ! ,*ri/ian community r\nd ab\t him--inevitably he _h to d ?is "u ! compulsion ( 8 wide exp]i5ce ( books & ?9k]s--b ! c5tre ( all 8 l>g] exp]i5ce he f\nd :]e 8 unlett]$ fri5ds1 believ+ )\t lett]s1 f\nd _! c5tre1 & he *eck$ 8 !ories1 orig9al & borr[$--or he aim$ at *eck+ !m--by life4 ,z 9 g>d5+ & 9 m$ic9e he is ! man ( real le>n+ 7*re/oma!s71 :o has _h exp]i5ce ( ! m v>i$ lessons4442 s1 ,i say1 "h too1 ( him :o br+s ev]y?+ to be> on ! tru?4444 ,we praise ! pilot ( wide range1 :o 'has se5 ! cities ( _m m5'444 s he :o turns ev]y?+ to ! "r life1 fet*+ illu/rations f ?+s ,greek & ?+s b>b>ian alike1 he is ! mu*-exp]i5c$ 7polypeiros7 track] ( tru?1 ! real polymetis2 l ! t\*/one--! ,lydian /one believ$ to di/+ui% betwe5 ! ba/>d & ! true-born gold1 he is able to sep>ate1--our polyidris & man ( k 7gno/ikos7 z he is1--sophi/ic f philosophy1 ! cosmetic art f ! true gymna/ic1 cook]y f m$ic9e1 rhetoric f dialectic1 magic & o!r h]esies 9 ! b>b>ian philosophy f ! actual tru?4#da ,?is1 9 _s & lett]1 is a v *>act]i/ic utt]ance4 ,beg9n+ ) ! ,"l z ! v9e--f :i* "s expect to ga!r clu/]s ( grapes 9 ! tw9kl+ ( an eye--he ranges into m$ic9e & sea-f>+1 f ,odysseus ( _m wiles1 :o saw ! cities ( _m m5 & le>nt _! m9d1 to ,plato's ,gorgias1 & br+s all to be> on ! ,*ri/ian life4 ,:at 8 simple fri5ds made ( su* a passage--if !y 7 able to read at all1 or _h x read to !m--x is n easy to guess1 b contact mu/ h %[n !m 9 ! man a g5u9e & t5d] ,*ri/ian z ,*ri/oc5tric z !mselves1 if 9 spee* he #bgd 0 oddly suit$1--a gay epitome ( ,greek lit]ature 9 e s5t5ce4 ,?is1 !n1 is ! man1 a ,greek ( wide culture & op5 he>t1 :o has dipp$ into ev]y?+ t c *>m ! fancy & make ! he>t beat1--curi\s 9 lit]ature1 cult1 & philosophy1 & n[ submitt$ to ! tradition ( ! *ur* & ! au?ority ( ,hebrew prophet & ,*ri/ian apo/le1 b n z "o b[+ to a /range & difficult necessity4 ,r1 ) ! humble/ ( ,god's *ildr5--^? t5d]1 simple & guileless *ildr5 on :om ,god lavi%es all ! little names :i* he has = 8 only ,son1 ! lamb & ! *ild#db--;he f9ds 9 ,*ri/ ?anksgiv+1 bless+1 triumph & joy1 :ile ,*ri/ himself b5ds f above1 l ,s>ah1 to smile ^u _! laught]4#dc ,su* 0 ! range ( ,clem5t's exp]i5ce1 & n[1 "u ! influ5ce ( ! great *ange t conv]sion br\ght1 he _h to re-?9k ev]y?+ & to ga!r x up 9 a new unity4 ,?us 9 "o man 7 summ$ up all ! elem5ts ( import 9 ! g5]al situation ( ! *ur* ( 8 day4 ,he 0 repres5tative alike 9 8 susceptibility to ! anci5t lit]ature & philosophy & 8 love ( ,scripture--tru?-lov+ ,isaiah & ,/ ,paul--9 8 loyalty to ! fai?1 &1 n less1 9 8 det]m9ation to rea* "s high] gr\nd f :i* ! battle ( ! *ur* c\ld be f\ght ) wid] outlook1 m intellig5t grasp ( ! factors 9 play1 & m hope ( w9n+ m5 = ,god4 ,sid5ote3 ,fai? & philosophy ,clem5t did n come be=e 8 "t4 ,philosophy _h begun to realize ! significance ( ! *ur*4 ,! repression ( ! h>mful sup]/ition 0 no long] an affair ( police2 x 0 ! common conc]n ( good citiz5s4 ,! model ,emp]or himself1 ! philosoph] ^u ! ?rone1 _h op5ly dep>t$ f ! easy policy laid d[n by ,trajan & cont9u$ by 8 successors4 ,he _h witness$1 or _h receiv$ reports (1 executions4 ,writ+ 9 8 di>y ( dea?1 he says3 ,:at a s\l is t :i* is ready1 if ! mom5t has come = its sep>ation f ! body1 :e!r x is to be ext+ui%$1 or dissolv$1 or to cont9ue a :ole4 ,?is read9ess--see t x come f y\r own judgm5t1 n 9 m]e ob/9acy1 z ) ! ,*ri/ians1 b reflectively & #bge ) dignity1 9 a way to p]suade ano!r1 ) no?+ ( ! actor 9 x4#dd ,?is s5t5ce betrays some?+ ( ! limitations ( a good man--a beautiful _s inde$1 b n a little ov]-prais$ by 8 admir]s 9 mod]n days4 ,celsus at once taunts 8 ,*ri/ian oppon5ts ) _! prospects ( pa9ful dea? & demon/rates ! absurdity ( _! t5ets f ! po9t ( view ( philosophy4 ,! ,apologi/s say1 too1 t ! philosoph]s l5t !mselves 7z did also ! daemons7 to incit+ ! mob to massacre4 ,b aft] all ! dialectical weapons ( ,philosophy 7 ! m dang]\s1 = !y %ook ! fai? ( ! ,*ri/ian :i* dea? did n %ake4 ,aga91 ! c&id & inquir+ temp] ( "s notable conv]ts & fri5ds _h l$ !m to "q ! tradition ( ! *ur* & to exam9e _! ,*ri/ian exp]i5ce ) a fre$om f prejudice1 at lea/ 9 ! evangelic direction1 :i* _h result$ 9 conclusions fatal1 x seem$1 to ! ,*ri/ian movem5t4 ,_! philosophy _h c>ri$ !m outside ! ?\ghts ( ,jesus--!y _h ab&on$ ! idea ( ! ,abba ,fa!r1 ( ! div9e love1 ( ! naturalness & in/9ctiv5ess ( ,*ri/ian life4 ,inc>nation & r$emption !y reject$1 at lea/ 9 ! s5se :i* made ! conceptions ( value to m54 ,jesus !y remodell$ into "o & ano!r figure m am5able to _! !ories--a m]e man1 a demi-god1 a phantom1 into any?+ b ! hi/oric p]sonality t 0 & c\ld rema9 ! c5tre & inspiration ( ,*ri/ian life4 ,( all ?is mis*ief philosophy1 m5 said1 0 ! cause4#de ,i "k q well1 writes ,clem5t1 :at is said ov] & ov] aga9 by "s ignorantly n]v\s p :o insi/ t we %\ld conf9e ourselves to ! inevitable m9imum1 to :at conta9s ! fai?1 & pass ov] :at is outside & sup]flu\s1 z x we>s u out to no purpose & occupies u ) :at contributes no?+ to our end4 ,o!rs say philosophy comes ( evil & 0 introduc$ into life = ! ru9 ( #bgf m5 by an evil inv5tor4#df ,!y 7 afraid ( philosophy1 z *ildr5 might fe> a gho/1 9 case x %\ld take !m away#dg--;b ?is1 z ,clem5t saw1 0 no way to meet ! dang]4 ,! ,*ri/ian mu/ n philosophize1 !y said--,t]tullian said x too2 b h[ c\ld !y "k !y mu/ n philosophize unless !y philosophiz$8#dh ,:e!r philosophy is pr(itable or n1 y _c condemn ! ,greeks on ! basis ( m]e /atem5ts ab\t _! op9ions1 )\t go+ into x ) !m till po9t by po9t y discov] :at !y mean & und]/& !m4 ,x is ! refutation bas$ ^u exp]i5ce t is reliable4#di ,sid5ote3 ,8 def5ce ( philosophy ,s ,clem5t has fir/ ( all to fight ! battle ( education inside ! *ur*1 to conv9ce 8 fri5ds t culture c\nts1 t philosophy is inevitable & ( use at once = ! refutation ( oppon5ts & = ! a*ievem5t ( ! full significance ( fai?4 ,!n he has to %[ h[ philosophy at its be/ 0 ! foe ( sup]/ition & ! *ampion ( ,god's unity & goodness--a prep>ation = ! ,gospel4 ,la/ly he has to re/ate ! ,*ri/ian position 9 ! language ( philosophy & to prove t ! ,gospel is reaffirm+ all t 0 be/ 9 ! philosophic s*ools & br++ x to a high] po9t1 inde$ to ! highe/2 t ! ,gospel is ! f9al philosophy ( ! univ]se1 ! solution ( all ! problems ( exi/5ce1 ! revelation ( ! ultimate m9d ( ,god4 ,clem5t boldly ass]ts ! unity ( all k4 ,ev]y?+ contributes1 ev]y?+ is conc5tric4 ,j z e family goes back to ,god ! ,creator1 s does ! tea*+ ( all good ?+s g back to ! ,"l1 ! tea*+ t makes m5 j1 t takes !m by ! h& & br+s !m t way4#ej ,& aga93--,:5 _m m5 laun* a %ip1 pull+ toge!r1 y c\ld n say !re are _m causes1 b "o consi/+ ( _m--= ea* ( !m is n by himself ! cause ( its be+ laun*$ b only 9 conjunction ) o!rs2 s philosophy1 :i* is a se>* = tru?1 contributes to ! p]ception 7katalepsis7 ( tru?1 ?\gh x is n ! #bgg cause ( p]ception1 except 9 conjunction & co-op]ation ) o!r ?+s4 ,yet p]haps ev5 a jo9t-cause we might call a cause4 ,happ9ess is "o1 & ! virtues m ?an "o :i* are its causes4 ,! causes ( w>m? may be ! sun1 ! fire1 ! ba? & ! clo?+4 ,s1 tru? is "o & _m ?+s co-op]ate 9 ! se>* = x1 b ! discov]y is by ! ,son4444 ,tru? is "o1 b 9 ,geometry we h geometrical tru?1 9 ,music musical2 s 9 ,philosophy--"r ,philosophy--we %\ld h ,greek tru?4 ,b alone ! sov]eign ,tru? is unassailable1 :i* we are taught by ! ,son ( ,god4#ea ,else:]e1 :5 *all5g$ to say :at use !re is 9 kn[+ ! causes t expla9 ! sun's motion1#eb geometry & dialectics1 :5 ,greek philosophy is m]ely man's und]/&+1 he falls back ^u ! m9d's in/9ctive desire = su* ?+s1 its free w 7t5 proaires9 t\ n\71 & quickly m>%als a s]ies ( texts f ! ,book ( ,wisdom on ! div9e s\rce ( wisdom & ,god's love ( x1 conclud+ ) an allegory drawn f ! five b>ley loaves & ! two fi%es on :i* ! multitude 7 f$1 ! =m] typify+ ! ,hebrew ,law 7= b>ley is soon] ripe = h>ve/ ?an :eat7 & ! fi%es ,greek philosophy born & mov+ amid ,g5tile bill[s4 7,if y are curi\s1 take "o ( ! fi%es z signify+ ord9>y education & ! o!r ! philosophy t succe$s x4444 ,a *oir ( voiceless fi% came sweep+ on1 ! ,tragic muse says some:]e#ec74 ,8 appeal to ! m9d is a mu* /rong] def5ce ?an any su* accumulation ( texts1 b = ! p he _h 9 view ! texts 7 probably m conv9c+4 ,! impulse to ,philosophy is an inevitable "o1 native to ! human m9d1 & he %[s t x is to ! ,div9e ,reason work+ 9 all ?+s1 to ,provid5ce1 t we mu/ attribute x4 #bgh ,ev]y?+1 s f> z its nature p]mits1 came into be+1 & does s /ill1 advanc+ to :at is bett] ?an itself4 ,s t x is n out ( ! way t ,philosophy too %\ld h be5 giv5 9 ,div9e ,provid5ce1 z a prelim9>y tra9+ t[>ds ! p]fection t comes by ,*ri/4444 ',y\r hairs are numb]$' & y\r simple/ movem5ts2 c ,philosophy be left out ( ! acc\nt8 ,an allegory foll[s f ,samson's hair4 ,provid5ce1 x says1 f above1 f :at is ( fir/ importance1 z f ! head1 rea*es d[n to all m51 z '! myrrh1' x says1 't desc5ds ^u ,a>on's be>d & to ! fr+e ( 8 g>m5t'--viz43 ! ,great ,high ,prie/1 'by :om all ?+s came into be+1 & )\t him no?+ came'--n1 t is1 on to ! beauty ( ! body2 ,philosophy is outside ! p possibly ,israel is meant j z raim5t is4 ,! philosoph]s !n1 :o are tra9$ by ! p]ceptive _s = _! own p]ception1--:5 !y inve/igate n a "p ( ,philosophy1 b ,philosophy absolutely1 !y te/ify 9 a tru?-lov+ way & )\t pride to tru? by _! beautiful say+s ev5 ) ^? :o ?9k o!rwise1 & !y advance to und]/&+ 7synes971 9 accordance ) ! div9e disp5sation1 t unspeakable goodness :i* univ]sally br+s ! nature ( all t exi/s onw>d t[>d ! bett] s f> z may be4#ed ,?\ght 7phronesis7 takes _m =ms1 & x is diffus$ ?r\gh all ! univ]se & all human affairs1 & 9 ea* sph]e x has a sep>ate "n--,?\ght1 ,k1 ,wisdom or ,fai?4 ,9 ! ?+s ( s5se x is call$ ,"r ,op9ion2 9 matt]s ( h&icraft1 ,art2 9 ! logical discussion ( ! ?+s ( ! m9d1 x is ,dialectic4 ,^? :o say t ,philosophy is n f ,god1 come v ne> say+ t ,god _c "k ea* sev]al ?+ 9 p>ticul> & t ,he is n ! cause ( all good ?+s1 if ea* ( !m is a p>ticul> ?+4 ,no?+ t is c\ld h be5 at all )\t ,god's w2 &1 if ) ,8 w1 !n ,philosophy is f ,god1 s9ce ,he will$ x to be :at x is = ! sake ( ^? :o w\ld n o!rwise ab/a9 f evil4 ,he see? all ?+s & he he>e? all#ee #bgi & beholds ! s\l nak$ )91 & he has ?r\gh all et]nity ! ?\ght 7ep9oia7 ( ea* sev]al ?+ 9 p>ticul>1 see+ all ?+s1 z m5 9 a !atre look ar\nd & take all 9 at a glance4 ,!re are _m ?+s 9 life t f9d _! beg9n+ 9 human reason1 ?\gh ! sp>k t k9dles !m is f ,god4#ef ,?us heal? ?r\gh m$ic9e1 good condition ?r\gh tra9+1 weal? ?r\gh comm]ce1 come into be+ & are among/ u1 at once by ,div9e ,provid5ce & human co-op]ation4 ,& f ,god comes und]/&+ too4 ,& ! free w 7proairesis7 ( good m5 mo/ ( all obeys ,god's w4444 ,! ?\ghts 7ep9oiai7 ( virtu\s m5 come by div9e inspiration 7epipnoia71 ! s\l be+ dispos$ s & ! div9e w convey$ 7diadidon5\7 to human s\ls1 ! div9e m9i/]s tak+ "p 9 su* s]vices2 = ov] all nations & cities are assign$ angelic gov]nances--p]haps ev5 ov] individuals4#eg ,philosophy makes m5 virtu\s1 s x _c be ! product ( evil--t is1 x is ! "w ( ,god4 ,z x 0 giv5 to ! be/ among ! ,greeks1 we c div9e :o 0 ! ,giv]4#eh ,?is is a fav\rite ?\ght ) ,clem5t1 &1 z he does ) all ideas t please him1 he repeats x ov] & ov] aga91 9 all sorts ( connexions & 9 all v>iety ( phrase4 ,:5 a man is av[$ly mak+ pat*work books 7,/romateis71 !re is really no occasion on :i* we c call x irrelevant = him to repeat himself1 & ?is is a ?\ght wor? repeat+4 ,be=e ! adv5t ( ! ,"l1 ,philosophy 0 necess>y to ! ,greeks = righte\sness1 & x is /ill pr(itable = piety1 a sort ( prim>y in/ruction = ^? :o reap fai? by revelation4444 ,god is ! cause ( all good ?+s1 ( "s directly1 z ( ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5t1 ( o!rs indirectly z ( ,philosophy4 ,& p]haps ev5 directly x 0 giv5 9 ^? times to ! ,greeks1 be=e ! ,"l call$ ! ,greeks also2 = ,philosophy too 0 a paidagogos = ! ,greek _w1 z ! ,law 0 = ! ,hebrews1 to br+ !m to ,*ri/4#ei #bhj ,g5]ally speak+1 we %\ld n be wrong 9 say+ t all t is necess>y & pr(itable to life comes to u f ,god--& t ,philosophy 0 m especially giv5 to ! ,greeks1 z a sort ( cov5ant 7dia!ke7 ( _! own1 a /ep 7hypoba?ra7 t[>d ! ,philosophy accord+ to ,*ri/1--if ,greek philosoph]s w n close _! e>s to ! tru?s1 ?r\gh contempt ( ! b>b>ian spee*4#fj ,god is ! be/[] 7*oregos7 ( bo? cov5ants1 :o also gave ,philosophy to ! ,greeks1 :]eby among ! ,greeks ! ,almighty is glorifi$4#fa ,9 ^? times ,philosophy by itself 'ju/ifi$' ! ,greeks--?\gh n to ! po9t ( p]fect righte\sness4#fb ,z 9 due season ! ,prea*+ n[ comes1 s 9 due season ! law & ! prophets 7 giv5 to ! b>b>ians & ,philosophy to ! ,greeks1 to tra9 _! e>s = ! ,prea*+4#fc ,sid5ote3 ,! orig9 ( philosophy ,philosophy h[ev] fell %ort ( ! ,law4 ,^?1 :o 7 righte\s by ! ,law1 /ill lack$ ,fai?2 :ile ! o!rs1 ^: righte\sness 0 by ,philosophy1 n only lack$ ,fai? b fail$ to break ) idolatry4#fd 7,?is 0 9 _m qu>t]s ! capital *>ge aga9/ contempor>y philosophy47 ,x 0 = ?is reason t ! ,savi\r prea*$ ! ,gospel 9 ,hades1 j z aft] him1 accord+ to ,h]mas1 ! apo/les & tea*]s1 :5 !y fell asleep 9 ! p[] & fai? ( ! ,son ( ,god1 prea*$ to ^? :o _h fall5 asleep be=e !m4#fe ,x is curi\s t ,clem5t n only cites ,philosophy z a gift ( ,god to ! ,g5tiles be=e ,fai? came1 t ,god's judgm5ts might be j1 b he also says1 on ! au?ority ( ! ,law 7quot+ inaccurately & p]haps f memory71 t ,god gave !m ! sun1 ! moon & />s to wor%ip1 :i* ,god made = ! ,g5tiles t !y might n become utt]ly a!i/ic & s utt]ly p]i%4 ,x 0 a road giv5 to !m1 t 9 wor%ipp+ ! />s !y might look up to ,god4#ff ,t !y fell into idolatry 0 h[ev] only too pat5t a fact4 #bha ,! exact means1 by :i* ! ,greeks receiv$ ! tru?s conta9$ 9 _! philosophy1 is n c]ta94 ,a fav\rite explanation ) ,*ri/ian writ]s1 & "o to :i* ,clem5t gives a good deal ( ?\ght1 is t ,greek ?9k]s borr[$ at l>ge f ! ,old ,te/am5t1 = ,moses liv$ "s six hundr$ ye>s be=e ! deification ( ,dionysos1 ! ,sibyl long be=e ,orpheus4#fg ,clem5t's illu/rations are n v conv9c+4 ,! idea ( br++ ,provid5ce z f> d[n z ! moon came to ,ari/otle f ?is ,psalm3 ',"l1 9 heav5 is ?y m]cy & ?y tru? z f> z 7heos7 ! cl\ds4' ,epicurus took 8 conception ( ,*ance f ,vanity ( vanities1 all is vanity2 :ile ! ,sabba? is f\nd 9 sev]al l9es ( ,hom]--un=tunately spuri\s4 ,an attempt to convict ,euripides ( plagi>ism f ,plato's ,republic %[s ! wor? ( ^! sugge/ions1 & ! :ole s*eme wakes d\bts z to ! value ( ,clem5t's judgm5t4#fh ,ano!r !ory 0 angelic m$iation4 ,god might h communicat$ ) ! ,greeks by inf]ior angels2#fi or ^? angels :o fell into pleasure might h told _! human wives :at !y knew ( div9e secrets1 & s ! doctr9e ( ,provid5ce got ab\t4#gj ,or else by happy guess or accid5t ! ,greeks f\nd p>ts ( ! tru? = !mselves--or 9 virtue ( "s naturally implant$ notion 7ennoia7 or common m9d1 & !n we "k :o is ! au?or ( nature4#ga ,:atev] ! explanation1 9 any case ! h& ( ,god 0 to be trac$ 9 x--,provid5ce =eknew all1 & s design$ t ! wick$ness ( fall5 angels & m5 %\ld promote righte\sness & tru?4#gb ,s mu* = ^? :o quote ! text ,all t ev] came be=e me 7 ?ieves & robb]s1#gc or :o say t ! devil is ! au?or ( #bhb ,philosophy#gd 7?\gh we may admit ,epicureanism to h be5 s[n by ! s[] ( t>es74#ge ,we might look f> = a m vivid illu/ration ( ! contra/ betwe5 s\nd in/9ct & absurd !ory4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,protrepticus ,?us he v9dicates ! "r ( ! ,*ri/ian to claim ,philosophy z ! manife/ation ( ! ,div9e ,logos1 & z a =e-runn] ( ! ,gospel1 & 9 8 ,protrepticus he %[s h[ ! ,*ri/ian ?us re-in=c$ c deal ) paganism4 ,if ! ,/romateis we>y ev5 ! sympa!tic read] ) _! want ( plan1 _! diffus5ess & repetition1 & _! int]m9able & fanciful digressions--faults inh]5t 9 all works ( ! k9d--! ,protrepticus makes a diff]5t impression4 ,x is writt5 by ! same h& & %[s ! same t5d5cies1 b !y are "u bett] control4 ,allegories1 analogies & allusions /ill h9d] ! developm5t ( 8 ?\ght--l ,atalanta he c nev] let a gold5 apple run pa/ him4 ,he is n prop]ly a philosoph] 9 spite ( all 8 love ( ,philosophy1 & he ?9ks 9 col\rs1 l a poet4 ,yet he is n ess5tially a man ( lett]s or a poet2 he is too indol5t2 8 /yle is n inevitable or compulsive4 ,x is too true a confession :5 he says t he does n aim at beauty ( language4 ,8 s5t5ce w beg9 well1 & !n gr[ intricate & involv$--9 breaks an allusion1 n always v relevant1 & br+s ) x a quotation t has captur$ 8 fancy & p>alyses 8 gramm>--sev]al p]haps--"s accommodation is made1 & ! s5t5ce /raggles on1 & w end someh[--) a pile ( long words1 = :i* o!rs h be5 pati5tly wait+ s9ce be=e ! quotation1 9 p5d5t g5itives1 accusatives & s =?4 ,b 9 ! ,protrepticus--9 ! bett] p>ts ( x--some?+ has happ5$ to 8 /yle1 = 7to speak aft] 8 own mann]7 ,no?+ ( him t do? fade1 ,b do? suff] a sea-*ange ,into some?+ ri* & /range4 ,he is no long] argu+2 he surr5d]s to a tide ( emotion1 & is borne along s++1 & z he s+s1 he seems to ga!r up all ! music ( ! anci5t _w2 we cat* notes t come f ,greek & ,hebrew song1 & ! :ole is wov5 toge!r #bhc into a hymn to ! ,savi\r1 my ,s+]1 our new ,orpheus1 t = %e] beauty1 = gladness & purity ( feel+ is unmat*$ 9 e>ly ,*ri/ian lit]ature4 ,"o comes back to x aft] ye>s & ! old *>m is !re /ill4 ,t x c survive 9 a few translat$ fragm5ts is h>dly to be expect$4 ,he beg9s ) ! fam\s s+]s ( ,greek my?--,amphion1 ,arion1 & ,eunomus ) ! grass-hopp]444 ,y w believe empty my?s1 he says1 b ,tru?'s bright face seems to y to be false & falls "u eyes ( unbelief4 ,b ,ci?a]on & ,helicon are old4 ,let u br+ ,tru? & %9+ ,wisdom f heav5 above to ! holy m\nt ( ,god & ! holy *oir ( ! prophets4 ,let h]1 beam+ ) light t spreads af>1 illum9e all ab\t h] !m t lie 9 d>kness1 & save m5 f error4 ,my ,eunomus s+s n ,t]p&]'s /ra91 nor ,capion's1 n ! ,phrygian1 ! ,lydian or ! ,dorian1 b ! et]nal /ra9 ( ! new h>mony1 ! /ra9 t be>s ! "n ( ,god1 ! new song1 ! song ( ! ,levite1 ) ,a drug infus$ antidote to ! pa9s ,( grief & ang]1 a mo/ pot5t *>m ,= ills ( e "n1#gf a sweet & true cure ( sorr[4 ,orpheus sang to enslave m5 to idols1 to fooli% rites1 to %ad[s4 ,n su* is my s+]2 he has come1 soon to end cruel slav]y to tyrannic daemons2 he transf]s u to ! g5tle & k9dly yoke ( piety1 & calls to heav5 !m t 7 fall5 to e>?4#gg ,x 0 ?is new song t fir/ made ! :ole cosmos a h>mony1 & x is /ill ! /ay & h>mony ( all ?+s4 ,x 0 ?is ,logos ( ,god :o fram$ ! little cosmos1 man1 sett+ s\l & body toge!r by ! holy _s1 & :o s+s to ,god ^u ?is organ ( _m tones--man4 ,! ,logos himself is an organ = ,god1 ( all ! h>monies1 tuneful & holy4#gh ,:at does ?is organ1 ?is new song1 tell u8 ,! ,logos1 t 0 be=e ! ,day-,/> 01 has appe>$ among m5 z a tea*]1--he by :om all ?+s 7 made4 #bhd ,z ,demiurge he gave life2 z tea*] he taught to live well2 t1 z ,god1 he may lavi% ^u u life =ev]4 ,_m voices & _m means has ! ,savi\r employ$ = ! sav+ ( m54 ,le/ y %\ld disbelieve ^!1 ! ,logos ( ,god has himself become man t y might le>n f man h[ man may become ,god4#gi ,he ca/s a glance ov] ,greek my?s & my/]ies--cymbals1 tamb\r9es1 emblems1 leg5ds & uncleanness1 ! "w ( m5 :o knew n ! ,god :o truly is1 m5 )\t hope & )\t ,god 9 ! _w4 ,!re 0 f ( old a c]ta9 natural fell[%ip ( m5 ) heav51 hidd5 9 ! d>kness ( _! ignorance1 b n[ on a sudd5 x has leapt ?r\gh ! d>kness & %9es respl5d5t--ev5 z t said by "o ( old1 ,see'/ ?\ t b\ndless ae!r !re on high ,t laps e>? r\nd )9 its dewy arms8 & aga91 ,o /ay ( e>?1 t ha/ ?y seat on e>?1 ,:oe'er ?\ art1 beyond man's guess to see2 & all ! re/ t ! *ildr5 ( ! poets s+4#hj ,b wrong conceptions h turn$ ! heav5ly plant1 man1 f ! heav5ly life & laid him l[ on e>?1 p]suad+ him to cleave to ?+s fa%ion$ ( e>?4 ,s he returns to ! discussion ( pagan wor%ips--b by n[ y\r my?s too seem to me to h gr[n old--& he speaks ( ! daemon-!ory by :i* ! pagans !mselves expla9$ _! religion4 ,! daemons are inhuman & hat]s ( m52 !y enjoy ! slay+ ( m5--no wond] t ) su* a beg9n+ sup]/ition is ! s\rce ( cruelty & folly4 ,b no6 ,i mu/ nev] entru/ ! hopes ( ! s\l to ?+s )\t s\ls4#ha ,! only refuge1 x seems1 = him :o w\ld come to ! gates ( ,salvation is ! ,div9e ,wisdom4#hb #bhe ,he n[ reviews ! op9ions ( ! philosoph]s ab\t ,god4 ,! ,/oics 7to omit ! re/7 say+ t ! div9e goes ?r\gh all matt]1 ev5 ! mo/ di%on\rable1 %ame ,philosophy4#hc ,epicurus alone ,i w gladly =get4#hd ,:]e !n are we to track out ,god1 ,plato8 ',! ,fa!r & mak] ( ?is :ole x is h>d to f9d1 &1 :5 "o has f\nd him1 to decl>e him to all is impossible4' ,9 8 "n :y8 ',= x is unspeakable4' ,well said6 ,plato6 ?\ ha/ t\*$ ! tru?6#he ,i "k ?y tea*]s1 /ill address+ ,plato1 ,geometry ?\ do/ le>n f ,egyptians1 ,a/ronomy f ,babylonians1 ! *>ms t give heal? f ,?racians2 mu* h ! ,assyrians taught !e2 b ?y laws--su* ( !m z are true--& ?y ?\ght ( ,god1 to ^! ?\ ha/ be5 help$ by ! ,hebrews4#hf ,aft] ! philosoph]s ! poets are call$ ^u to give evid5ce--,euripides 9 p>ticul>4#hg ,f9ally he turns to ! prophets & _! message ( salvation--,i c\ld quote y t5 ?\s& passages1 ( :i* 'n "o tittle %all pass' )\t be+ fulfill$2 = ! m\? ( ! ,"l1 ! holy _s1 spoke !m4#hh ,god speaks to m5 z to 8 *ildr5--g5tle z a fa!r1 z ,hom] says4 ,he (f]s fre$om1 & y run away to slav]y2 he gives salvation1 & y slip away into dea?4 ,yet he does n cease to plead--,wake1 & ,*ri/ ! ,"l %all light5 ^u y1 ! sun ( resurrection4#hi ,:at w\ld y h cov5ant$ to give1 oh6 m56 if et]nal salvation _h be5 = sale8 ,n ?\gh "o %\ld measure out all ,pactolus1 ! my?ic riv] ( gold1 w he pay a price equal to salvation4#ij ,yet y c buy ?is preci\s salvation ) y\r own treasure1 ) love & fai? ( life 444 t is a price ,god is glad to accept4#ia ,m5 gr[ to ! _w1 l seawe$ to ! rocks by ! sea1 & despise immortality l ! old ,i?acan1 ye>n+ n = ,tru? & ! fa!rl& #bhf 9 heav51 & ! light t truly is1 b = ! smoke4#ib ,x is piety t makes u l ,god--a ref]5ce to ,plato's famili> phrase4 ,god's function 7ergon7 is man's salvation4 ,! ^w is n hidd5 f any4 ,light is common & %9es ^u all m52 !re is no ,cimm]ian 9 ! reckon+4 ,let u ha/5 to salvation1 to re-bir?4 ,into "o love to be ga!r$1 _m 9 numb]1 accord+ to ! unity ( ! ess5ce ( ! ,monad1 let u ha/54 ,z we are bless$1 let u pursue unity1 seek+ ! good ,monad4 ,& ?is union ( _m1 f a m$ley ( voices & di/raction1 receives a div9e h>mony & becomes "o symphony1 foll[+ "o coryphaeus 7*oreutes7 & tea*]1 ! ,^w1 re/+ ^u ! ,tru? itself1 & say+ ',abba ,fa!r4'#ic ,"h inde$ ,philosophy & ! ,gospel jo9 h&s1 :5 ! ,monad & ,abba ,fa!r are %[n to be "o & ! same4#id ,x is easy to see :i* ( ! ?\ghts repres5t$ by ^! names means mo/ to ,clem5t4 ,our t5d] lov+ ,fa!r1 ! ,fa!r inde$1 ceases n to urge1 to admoni%1 to tea*1 to love2 = nei!r does he cease to save--only1 oh6 *ild6 ?ir/ = ?y ,fa!r1 & ,god w be %[n to !e )\t a price4#ie ,man's prop] nature is to be at home ) ,god2 z !n we set ea* animal to its natural task1 ! ox to pl\gh & ! horse to hunt1 s man1 too1 :o is born = ! sight ( heav51 a heav5ly plant mo/ truly1 we call to ! k ( ,god4444 ,pl\gh1 we say1 if y are a pl\ghman1 b "k ,god z y pl\gh2 sail1 if y love sea-f>+1 b call+ on ! heav5ly pilot#if ,a noble hymn to ,god is an immortal man1 be+ built up 9 righte\sness1 9 :om are engrav$ ! oracles ( tru?#ig2 & v soon he quotes ,turn ! o!r *eek z a reasonable law to be writt5 9 ! he>t4#ih #bhg ,god's problem is always to save ! flock ( m54 ,x 0 = t ! good ,god s5t ! good ,%eph]d4 ,! ,logos has made tru? simple & %[n to m5 ! height ( salvation4#ii ,*ri/ wi%es y\r salvation2 ) "o ^w he gives y life4 ,& :o is he8 ,he> 9 brief3 ! ,^w ( tru?1 ! ,^w ( immortality1 t gives man re-bir?1 be>s him up to tru?1 ! goad ( salvation1 :o drives away de/ruction1 :o *ases =? dea?1 :o built 9 m5 a temple t he might make ,god to dwell among m54#ajj ,! la/ *apt] is a beautiful picture ( ! ,*ri/ian life1 full ( wond]ful language f ,hom]1 ! ,bac*ae ( ,euripides1 & ! ,my/]ies1 & 9 ! c5tre ( x--its v he>t--,come unto me1 all ye t lab\r & are heavy-lad51 & ,i w give y re/4 ,9 ! passages "h quot$ f ! ,protrepticus "s ( ,clem5t's ma9 ideas 9 ! realm ( ,*ri/ian ?\ght are cle>ly to be se52 & we h n[ to give !m fur!r & m detail$ exam9ation4 ,we h to see :at he makes ( ! c5tral ?+s 9 ! new religion--( ,god1 & ! ,savi\r1 & ( man1 & h[ he int]prets ! ,gospel ( ,jesus 9 ! language ( ,greek philosophy4 ,x is to be not$ t1 :atev] happ5$ 9 ! c\rse ( 8 "w--& v few books are1 :5 writt51 q :at ! writ] expect$ on beg9n+--,clem5t look$ ^u 8 task z int]pretation4 ,! ,scriptures are 8 au?orities--he :o has believ$ ! div9e ,scriptures1 ) firm judgm5t1 receives 9 ! voice ( ,god :o gave ! ,scriptures a pro( t _c be spok5 aga9/4#aja ,amid ! pray]s & hymns ( ! ideal ,*ri/ian comes daily read+ ( ! sacr$ books4#ajb ,clem5t has no =mal def9ition ( inspiration1 b he lov$ ! sacr$ text1 & he made x ! /&>d by :i* to judge all propositions4 ,x is p]haps impossible to ov]-e/imate ! importance ( ?is loyalty 9 an age1 :5 ,*ri/ian speculation 0 ju/ly "u suspicion on acc\nt #bhh ( ! free re-modell+ ( ! ,new ,te/am5t text t w5t ) x4 ,clem5t w\ld nei!r alt]1 nor excise1 b he f\nd all ! fre$om he want$ 9 ! accept$ me?ods ( exegesis4 ,allegory & ! abs5ce ( any ve/ige ( hi/orical criticism--&1 n lea/1 ! inability induc$ by ! tra9+ ( ! day to conceive ( a "w ( art1 or ev5 a piece ( humbl] lit]ature1 z a :ole--8 v defects z a /ud5t secur$ 8 fre$om z a philosoph]4 ,he c quote ,scripture = 8 purpose2 ! phrase w support him :]e ! context w n2 & sometimes a defective memory w help him to ! words he wants1 z we h se5 9 ! case ( ! wor%ip ( sun1 moon & />s4 ,to ! mod]n m9d su* a use ( ,scripture is unw>rantable & seems to imply ess5tial indiff]5ce to its real value1 b 9 ,clem5t & 8 contempor>ies x is n inconsi/5t )--inde$1 x is indicative (--a high s5se ( ! value ( ,scripture z ! ipsissima v]ba ( ,god4 ,& aft] all a mis-quotation may be z true z ! mo/ au!ntic text1 & may help a man z effectually to insight into ! ?\ghts ( ,god4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,logos ,we h se5 t ,clem5t qu>rell$ ) ! ,/oics = involv+ ,god 9 matt]--ev5 ! mo/ di%on\rable4 ,! ,_w-s\l 01 9 fact1 repugnant to m5 :o 7 impress$ ) ! ?\ght ( ,s91 & :o associat$ ,s9 ) matt]4 ,?is feel+ & a desire to keep ! idea ( ,god dis5tangl$ f e limitation l$ to m5 fall+ back 7z we saw 9 ! case ( ,plut>*7 on ! ,platonic conception ( ,god's transc5d5ce4 ,neo-,platonism has its gold5 *a9 ( exi/5ce desc5d+ f ,real ,be+--,god--?r\gh a va/ s]ies ( be+s :o are 9 a less & less degree z !y are fur!r d[n ! scale4 ,x is n h>d to sympa?ize ) ! ?\ghts & feel+s :i* drew m5 9 ?is direction4 ,! be/ ?9k]s & ! mo/ religi\s natures 9 ! ,m$it]ranean _w 7outside ! circle ( ,jesus1 & "s ,/oics7 f\nd ! transc5d5ce ( ,god inevitably attractive1 & !n _! he>ts s\ght means to bridge ! gulf _! ?\ghts _h made4 ,= n[ he 0 out ( all k1 & away beyond ev5 revelation2 = revelation involv$ relation & limitation1 & ,god mu/ be absolute4 #bhi ,we h se5 h[ ,plut>* f\nd 9 ! exi/5ce ( daemons a possibility ( int]c\rse betwe5 gods & m51 :ile above ! daemons ! gods1 he implies1 are 9 communication ) ! remote ,supreme4 ,b = "s ?9k]s ?is solution 0 revolt+4 ,philo1 ) ! great record be=e him ( ! religi\s exp]i5ce ( 8 race1 0 n prep>$ to give up ! ?\ght ,o ,god1 ?\ art my ,god4#ajc ,l9k+ ! ,hebrew phrase ! ^w ( ! ,"l ) ! ,/oic ,logos ,sp]maticos & ,plato's ,idea1 he f\nd 9 ! result+ conception a div9e1 rational & spiritual pr9ciple imman5t 9 man & 9 ! univ]se1 & he also f\nd a div9e p]sonality1 or quasi-p]sonality1 to come betwe5 ! ,absolute & ! _w4 ,he pictures ! ,logos z ! ,son ( ,god1 ! ,fir/-born1 ! olde/ ( angels1 ! idea ( ideas1 & aga9 z ! image ( ,god1 & ! ideal 9 ^: lik5ess man 0 made4 ,z ! ambassador ( ,god1 & ,high ,prie/1 ! ,logos is able to m$iate directly betwe5 man & ,god1 & bridges ! gulf t sep>ates u f ! ,absolute4#ajd ,m ?an any?+ else1 ?is great conception ( ,philo's prep>$ ! way = fusion ( ,greek ?\ght & ,*ri/ianity4 ,clem5t is conspicu\sly a /ud5t & a foll[] ( ,philo--nor 0 he ! fir/ among ,*ri/ian writ]s to feel 8 influ5ce4 ,clem5t1 z already said1 pr(ess$ himself an eclectic 9 philosophy1 & ( su* we ne$ n expect ! close/ reason+4 ,our plan w be to ga!r passages illu/rative ( 8 ?\ghts--we might almo/ say ( 8 moods--& set side by side :at he says f "t to "t ( ,god4 ,on su* a subject x is p]haps impossible to hope = logic or consi/5cy except at ! co/ ( real aspects ( ! matt] 9 h&4 ,some?+ w be ga9$ if we c realize ! ?\ghts :i* mo/ mov$ ! man1 ev5 ?\gh _! reconciliation is que/ionably possible4 ,?is d\bt h[ev] does n seem to h occurr$ to himself1 = he connects ! dogmata ( ! philosoph]s & ! tea*+ ( ! ,new ,te/am5t z if x 7 ! mo/ natural ?+ 9 ! _w4 #bij ,to beg9 ) ! acc\nt ( ,god :i* ,clem5t gives 9 philosophical language4 ,! ,"l calls himself '"o' 7h57--'t !y all may be "o 444 z we are "o2 ,i 9 !m1 & ?\ 9 me1 t !y may be p]fect$ into "o4' ,n[ ,god is '"o' 7h57 & away beyond ! '"o' 7h5os7 & above ! ,monad itself4#aje ,aga91 aft] quot+ ,solon & ,emp$ocles & ,john ! ,apo/le 7no man ha? se5 ,god at any "t71 ,clem5t enl>ges on ! difficulty ( speak+ ( ,god3--,h[ c t be express$1 :i* is nei!r g5us1 nor diff]5tia1 nor species1 nei!r indivisible1 nor sum1 nor accid5t1 nor susceptive ( accid5t8 ,nor c\ld "o prop]ly call him a :ole 7holon72 = :ole 7to holon7 implies dim5sion1 & he is ,fa!r ( ! ,:ole 7ton holon74 ,nor c\ld1 "o speak ( 8 p>ts1 = ! "o is indivisible & !re=e limitless1 n s conceiv$ because !re is no pass+ beyond x1 b z be+ )\t dim5sion or limit1 & !re=e )\t =m or "n4 ,& if we ev] "n him1 call+ him1 ?\gh n prop]ly1 "o1 or ! good1 or m9d1 or absolute be+1 or fa!r1 or ,god1 or demiurge1 or "l1 we d n s speak z putt+ =w>d 8 "n2 b1 = want ( 8 "n1 we use beautiful names1 t ! m9d may n w&] at l>ge1 b may re/ on ^!4 ,none ( ^! names1 tak5 s+ly1 in=ms u ( ,god2 b1 collectively & tak5 all toge!r1 !y po9t to 8 almighty p[]4 ,= pr$icates are spok5 ei!r ( prop]ties or ( relation1 & none ( ^! c we assume ab\t ,god4 ,nor is he ! subject ( ! k :i* am\nts to demon/ration2 = ?is dep5ds on premisses 7prot]a7 & ?+s bett] kn[n 7gnorimotepa72#ajf b no?+ is ant]ior to ! unbegott54 ,x rema9s !n by div9e grace & by ! ,logos alone t is f him to p]ceive ! unkn[able4#ajg ,aga91 ,god has no natural relation 7physik5 s*es97 to u1 z ! f\nd]s ( h]esies hold 7n ?\gh he make u ( :at is n1 or fa%ion u f matt]1 = t is n at all1 & ?is is 9 e po9t diff]5t f ,god7--unless y v5ture to say t we are "p ( him & ( "o ess5ce 7homo\si\s7 ) ,god2 & ,i d n und]/& h[ anyone :o #bia kn[s ,god w endure to he> t said1 :5 he ca/s 8 eye ^u our life & ! evils ) :i* we are mix$ up4 ,= 9 ?is way 7& x is a ?+ n fit to speak (7 ,god w\ld be s9n+ 9 8 p>ts1 t is1 if ! p>ts are p>ts ( ! :ole & complete ! :ole--if !y d n complete x1 !y w\ld n be p>ts4 ,h[ev]1 ,god1 by nature 7physei7 be+ ri* 9 pity 7eleos71 ( 8 goodness he c>es = u :o are n 8 memb]s nor by nature 8 *ildr5 7mete morion onton aut\ mete physei teknon74 ,inde$ ?is is ! *ief pro( ( ,god's goodness1 t ?\gh ?is is our position ) reg>d to him1 by nature utt]ly 'ali5at$' f him1 he nev]!less c>es = u4 ,= ! in/9ct ( k9dness to (fspr+ is natural 7physike7 9 animals1 & s is fri5d%ip ) ! l-m9d$ bas$ on old acqua9tance1 b ,god's pity is ri* t[>ds u :o 9 no respect h any?+ to d ) him1 ,i mean1 9 our be+ 7ousia7 or nature or ! peculi> prop]ty ( our be+ 7dynamei te oikeia tes ousias hemon71 b m]ely by our be+ ! "w ( ,8 w4#ajh ,! ,god ( ! ,:ole 7ton helon71 :o is above e voice & e ?\ght & e conception1 c\ld nev] be set =? 9 writ+1 = 8 prop]ty is to be unspeakable4#aji ,x foll[s t ! language ( ! ,bible is n to be tak5 lit]ally :5 x attributes feel+s to ,god4 ,clem5t has cit$ texts :i* speak ( joy & pity 9 connexion ) ,god1 & he has to meet ! objection t ^! are moods ( ! s\l & passions 7tropas psy*es kai pa!74 ,we mi/ake1 :5 we int]pret ,scripture 9 accordance ) our own exp]i5ce ( ! fle% & ( passions1 tak+ ! w ( ! passionless ,god 7t\ apa?\s !\7 on a l9e ) our own p]turbations 7k9emasi74 ,:5 we suppose t ! fact 9 ! case ( ! ,almighty is z we are able to he>1 we err 9 an a!i/ic way4 ,= ! div9e 0 n to be decl>$ z x is2 b z we1 fett]$ by fle%1 7 able to und]/&1 ev5 s ! prophets spoke to u1 ! ,"l accommodat+ himself to ! weakness ( m5 ) a m9d to save !m #bib 7sot]ios74 ,?us ! language ( our emotions1 ?\gh n prop]ly to be employ$1 is us$ to help our weakness4#aaj ,= ,god is1 9 fact1 )\t emotion1 )\t wra?1 )\t desire 7apa!s1 a?umos1 anepi?umetos74#aaa ,clem5t repeat$ly recurs ) pleasure to ?is conception ( ,apa?y2 x is ! m>k ( ,god1 ( ,*ri/1 ( ! ,apo/les1 & ( ! ideal ,*ri/ian1 ) :om x becomes a fix$ habit 7hexis74#aab ,god is n l a man 7an?ropoeides71 nor does he ne$ s5ses to he> )1 nor does he dep5d on ! s5sitiv5ess ( ! air 7to eupa!s t\ h]os7 = 8 appreh5sions1 b ! in/antane\s p]ception ( ! angels & ! p[] ( consci5ce t\*+ ! s\l--^! recognize all ?+s1 ) ! quickness ( ?\ght1 by means ( "s indescribable faculty ap>t f s5sible he>+4 ,ev5 if "o %\ld say t x 0 impossible = ! voice1 roll+ 9 ?is l[] air1 to rea* to ,god1 /ill ! ?\ghts ( ! sa9ts 7agion7 cleave1 n ! air alone1 b ! :ole univ]se z well4 ,& ! div9e p[] in/antly p5etrates ! :ole s\l l light4 ,aga9 d n our resolves also f9d _! way to ,god1 utt]+ a voice ( _! own8 ,& are n "s ?+s also waft$ heav5w>d by ! consci5ce8 444 ,god is all e> & all eye1 if we may make use ( ^! expressions4#aac ,?us x w\ld seem t ,god is n s f> f e "o ( u z we might h suppos$ f ! passages previ\sly quot$1 & ! contra/ betwe5 ! two views ( ,god gr[s wid] :5 we recall ,clem5t's words 9 ! ,protrepticus ab\t ! ,heav5ly ,fa!r4 ,:ile a ,greek1 ! pupil ( ! philosoph]s1 c\ld nev] use ! language ( a ,jew ab\t ,god our ,fa!r ) ! same fre$om f m5tal res]vation1 ,clem5t und\bt$ly speaks ( ,god at times 9 ! same _s t we feel 9 ! utt]ances ( ,jesus4 ,he goes beyond :at contempor>y philosoph]s w\ld h c\nt$ suitable or desirable1 z we c see 9 ! compla9ts :i* ,celsus makes ( ,*ri/ian language ab\t ,god1 ?\gh ,celsus1 ( c\rse1 is cold] ?an ! religi\s #bic ( 8 day4 ,b ! ma9 diff]5ce betwe5 ,*ri/ians & philosoph]s 0 n z to ,god ! ,fa!r1 b z to ,*ri/4 ,:5 ,clem5t1 9 8 "w ( re/atem5t1 came to discuss ,*ri/1 he f\nd ,philo's ,logos ready to 8 h& & he 0 n sl[ to use x4 ,x is *>act]i/ic t1 j z he unque/ion+ly accept$ ! curr5t philosophic acc\nt ( ,god & saw no great difficulty 9 equat+ a ,god be/ describ$ 9 negations ) ! ,abba ,fa!r ( ,jesus1 s he adopt$1 n less light-he>t$ly1 ! conflate conception ( ! ,logos4 ,:e!r its ,platonic & ,/oic elem5ts w\ld hold toge!r2 :e!r ei!r ( !m 0 really g]mane to ! ,hebrew "p2 :e!r 9 any case any ( ! ?ree sets ( con/itu5ts correspond$ ) any?+ actually to be rea*$ by obs]vation or exp]i5ce2 or :e!r1 waiv+ t po9t1 ! comb9ation 0 equal to its task ( help+ man to conceive ( ,god at once z imman5t & transc5d5t1 ,clem5t h>dly inquir$4 ,s f> he foll[$ ,philo4 ,!n came 9 a new factor :i* might well h surpris$ ,plato1 ,z5o & ,philo alike4 ,foll[+ once m1 b ?is "t ano!r lead]1 ,clem5t equates ! ,philonian ,logos ) ! hi/oric ,jesus ( ,naz>e?4 ,s /at$1 ! "w ( ,clem5t may well look absurd4 ,b aft] all he is n ! only man :o has id5tifi$ ! lead+ ( in/9ct ) philosophic pro(4 ,9 succession he t\*$ ! c5tral ?\ghts ( 8 v>i\s lead]s1 & he f\nd !m answ] to crav+s )9 him4 ,he want$ a ,god beyond ! contagion ( e>?1 ,supreme & ,absolute2 & ,plato told him ( su* a ,god4 ,yet ! _w ne$$ "s div9e elem5t2 x mu/ n be outside ! range & ?\ght ( ,god2 & "h ! conception ( div9e ,reason1 l9k+ man & nature ) ,god ,himself1 appeal$ to 8 long+4 ,la/ly ! impossibility ( ?9k+ ,jesus & 8 "w to be accid5tal1 ( conceiv+ ( !m z any?+ b vitally b\nd up ) ! spiritual ess5ce ( all ?+s1 ) ,god & ) ,god's ultimate m9d = man & et]nity1 0 ! natural outcome ( ent]+ into ! ?\ghts ( ,jesus1 ( realiz+ 8 p]sonality & ev5 ( obs]v+ 8 effect ^u #bid mank9d4#aad ,:5 "o rememb]s h[ 9 e age m5 h pass$ ?r\gh "o =m & ano!r ( exp]i5ce1 & h !n compact$ philosophies to acc\nt = ^? exp]i5ces1 h ?\ght _! con/ructions f9al1 & h recomm5d$ _! !ories z ( m value ?an ! facts on :i*1 aft] reflection1 slight or pr(\nd1 b p]haps nev] adequate1 !y h bas$ !m1 x w n seem /range t ,clem5t did ! same4 ,ah yet1 :5 all is ?\ght & said1 ,! he>t /ill ov]rules ! head2 ,/ill :at we hope we mu/ believe1 ,& :at is giv5 u receive4 ,! old task is /ill to d4 ,! old crav+s are /ill )9 u2 /ill ! imp]i%able impulse lives to seek "s solution ( ! great "q ( ! relations ( ,god & ! s\l & ! univ]se1 :i* may give u m abid+ satisfaction ?an ,clem5t's c n[ h1 & :i* w yet recognize ^? old crav+s1 w recognize & meet !m1 n "s b all ( !m4 ,mo/ p]fect1 & mo/ holy ( all1 says ,clem5t1 mo/ sov]eign1 mo/ lordly1 mo/ royal & mo/ b5efic5t1 is ! nature ( ! ,son1 :i* approa*es mo/ closely to ! ,"o ,almighty ,be+4 ,! ,son is ! highe/ ,pre-em95ce1 :i* sets 9 ord] all ?+s accord+ to ! ,fa!r's w1 & /e]s ! univ]se aright1 p]=m+ all ?+s ) unwe>y+ en]gy1 behold+ ! ,fa!r's secret ?\ghts ?r\gh 8 work+4 ,= ! ,son ( ,god nev] moves f 8 wat*-t[]1 be+ nev] divid$1 nev] dissev]$1 nev] pass+ f place to place1 b exi/+ ev]y:]e at all times & free f all limitations4 ,he is all reason1 all eye1 all light f ! ,fa!r1 see+ all ?+s1 he>+ all ?+s1 kn[+ all ?+s1 ) p[] se>*+ ! p[]s4 ,to him is subject$ ! :ole army ( angels & ( gods--to him1 ! ,^w ( ! ,fa!r1 :o has receiv$ ! holy adm9i/ration by reason ( ,him :o subject$ x to him2 ?r\gh :om also all m5 belong to him1 b "s by way ( k1 :ile o!rs h n yet atta9$ to ?is2 "s z fri5ds1 "s z fai?ful s]vants1 o!rs z s]vants m]ely4#aae #bie ,sid5ote3 ,! ,logos ,! ,logos is ! s\rce ( ,provid5ce1 ! au?or1 z already se51 ( all human ?\ght & activity1 ( ! beauty ( ! human body too1#aaf ,savi\r & ,"l at once ( all m5--man be+ 8 peculi> "w1 = into him alone ( animals 0 a conception ( ,god in/ill$ at 8 creation4 ,be+ ! p[] ( ! ,fa!r1 he easily prevails ov] :omsoev] he w1 n leav+ ev5 ! smalle/ atom ( 8 gov]nm5t unc>$ =4#aag ,he x is 9 tru? t devises ! bridle = ! horse1 ! yoke = ! bull1 ! noose = ! wild bea/1 ! rod = ! fi%1 ! sn>e = ! bird2 he gov]ns ! city & pl\ghs ! l&1 rules & s]ves1 & all ?+s he make?2 ,!re9 he set ! e>?1 ! heav51 ! sea1 ,& all ! />s :]e) ! heav5 is cr[n$4 ,o ! div9e creations6 ,o ! div9e comm&s6 ,?is wat]1 let x roll )9 itself2 ?is fire1 let x *eck its rage2 ?is air1 let x spread to ae!r2 & let e>? be fix$ & borne1 :5 ,i w x4 ,man ,i yet wi% to make2 = 8 mat]ial ,i h ! elem5ts2 ,i dwell ) him my h&s fa%ion4 ,if ?\ "k me1 ! fire %all be ?y slave4#aah ,all#aai gaze on ! supreme ,adm9i/rator ( ! univ]se1 z he pilots all 9 safety accord+ to ! ,fa!r's w1 rank be+ subord9at$ to rank "u diff]5t lead]s till 9 ! end ! ,great ,high ,prie/ is rea*$4 ,= on "o orig9al pr9ciple1 :i* works 9 accordance ) ! ,fa!r's w1 dep5d ! fir/ & second & ?ird gradations2 & !n at ! extreme end ( ! visible _w !re is ! bless$ ord9ance ( angels2 & s1 ev5 d[n to ourselves1 ranks bel[ ranks are appo9t$1 all sav+ & be+ sav$ by ! initiation & ?r\gh ! in/rum5tality ( ,"o4 ,z !n ! remote/ p>ticle ( iron is drawn by ! brea? 7pneumati7 ( ! /one ( ,h]aklea ! magnet ext5d+ ?r\gh a long s]ies ( iron r+s1 s also ?r\gh ! attraction ( ! holy _s 7pneumati7 ! virtu\s are adapt$ to ! highe/ #bif mansion2 & ! o!rs 9 _! ord] ev5 to ! la/ mansion2 b !y t are wick$ f weakness1 hav+ fall5 into an evil habit ow+ to unrighte\s gre$1 nei!r keep hold !mselves nor are held by ano!r1 b collapse & fall to ! gr\nd1 be+ entangl$ 9 _! own passions4#abj ,?is la/ clause raises que/ions z to evil & freewill4 ,clem5t believ$ 9 freewill2 = "o ?+1 x 0 necess>y if ,god 0 to be acquitt$ ( ! au?or%ip ( evil4 ,god made all ?+s to be helpful = virtue1 9 s f> z might be )\t h9d]+ ! fre$om ( man's *oice1 & %[$ !m to be s1 9 ord] t he :o is inde$ ! ,"o ,alone ,almighty might1 ev5 to ^? :o c only see d>kly1 be 9 "s way reveal$ z a good ,god1 a ,savi\r f age to age ?r\gh ! in/rum5tality ( 8 ,son1 & 9 all ways absolutely guiltless ( evil4#aba ,clem5t also br+s 9 ! ,platonic ,idea to help to express ,*ri/4 ,! idea is a ?\ght ( ,god 7ennoema71 :i* ! b>b>ians h call$ ,god's ,logos4#abb ,all ! activity ( ! ,"l is ref]r$ to ! ,almighty1 ! ,son be+1 s to speak1 a c]ta9 activity 7en]geia7 ( ! ,fa!r1#abc & a little l[] he adds t ! ,son is ! p[] 7dynamis7 ( ! ,fa!r4#abd ,z su* he may well be above ! :ole univ]se1 or r beyond ! region ( ?\ght4#abe ,& yet1 z we h se51 he leans to ! view t ! ,logos is a p]son--! ,great ,high ,prie/4 ,9 criticiz+ him1 x is well to rememb] h[ div]g5t are ! conceptions :i* he wi%es to keep1 & to keep 9 "s k9d ( unity4 ,once aga91 9 _m ( ,clem5t's utt]ances ^u ! ,logos !re is little t ,philo1 or p]haps ev5 a pagan philosoph]1 c\ld n h approv$2 b ?r\gh x all !re is a new note :i* is ,clem5t's own & :i* comes f ano!r s]ies ( ?\ghts4 ,= x is a di/9ctive m>k ( ,clem5t's "w t ! read] rises f x impress$ ) ! idea ( ! ,savi\r4 ,! ,protrepticus is full ( ! ?\ght ( t div9e love ( m51 w>m & active1 :i* #big ,jesus associat$ ) y\r heav5ly ,fa!r1 b :i* ,clem5t1 "u ! /ress ( 8 philosophy mu/ connect ) ! ,logos--cleans+1 sav+ & k9dly2 mo/ manife/ ,god inde$1 made equal ) ! rul] ( ! univ]se4#abf ,he is our only refuge 7mone kataphyge71 ! sun ( resurrection1 ! sun ( ! s\l4#abg ,& yet "o gr\p ( ideas1 famili> 9 ?is connection1 receives little notice f ,clem5t4 ,! ,logos is inde$ ! ,great ,high ,prie/1 b ! symbolism ( prie/ & sacrifice & s9-be>] is left r rem>kably unemphasiz$4 ,he is ! all-avail+ heal] ( mank9d1#abh b 8 function is m to educate1 to quick51 & to give k ?an to expiate4 ,! great & *>act]i/ic feature ( ! ,logos is t he took ! mask 7prosopeion7 ( a man & m\ld$ x = himself 9 fle% & play$ a "p 9 ! drama ( mank9d's salvation2 = he 0 a true play] 7gnesios agoni/es71 a fell[-play] ) ! creature2 & mo/ quickly 0 he spread abroad among all m51 m quickly ?an ! sun1 :5 he rose f ! ,fa!r's w1 & prov$ :5ce he 0 & :o he 0 by :at he taught & %[$1 he1 ! br+] ( ! cov5ant1 ! reconcil]1 ! ,logos our ,savi\r1 ! f\nta9 ( life & peace1 %$ ov] ! :ole face ( ! e>?1 by :om 7s to say7 all ?+s h become an ocean ( bless+s4#abi ,?\gh ess5tially & et]nally free f passion 7apa!s7 = our sake he took ^u him our fle% ) its capacity = suff]+ 7t5 pa!t5 s>ka7#acj & desc5d$ to s5sation 7ai/hesis74#aca ,x is cle> t none c 9 8 lifetime cle>ly appreh5d ,god2 b '! pure 9 he>t %all see ,god' :5 !y come to ! f9al p]fection4 ,s9ce1 !n1 ! s\l 0 too weak = ! p]ception ( :at is 7ton onton71 we ne$$ a div9e tea*]4 ,! ,savi\r is s5t d[n to tea* u h[ to acquire good1 & to give x to u 7*oregos7--! secret & holy k ( ! great ,provid5ce1#acb--to %[ ,god to fooli% m51 to end corruption1 #bih to conqu] dea?1 to reconcile disob$i5t *ildr5 to _! ,fa!r4444 ,! ,"l pities1 educates1 enc\rages1 exhorts1 saves & gu>ds1 & z ! prize ( le>n+ he promises u out ( 8 abundance ! k+dom ( heav5--?is alone giv+ him joy 9 u1 t we are sav$4#acc ,all ?is 0 =ekn[n be=e ! f\ndation ( ! _w2 ! ,logos 0 & is ! div9e beg9n+ or pr9ciple ( all ?+s1 b because he has n[ tak5 ! long-hall[$ "n1 ! "n wor?y ( 8 p[]1 ! ,*ri/1 t is :y ,i call x ! new song4#acd ,& inde$ he is "r1 = ! ,epiphany1 n[ %9+ among u1 ( ! ,^w t 0 9 ! beg9n+ & be=e x#ace is new 9 philosophy2 & x is a new ?+ also t ! doctr9e ( a ,logos %\ld be ess5tially musical4 ,! ,inc>nation ( ! div9e ,tea*] is ! c5tral fact = ,clem5t4 ,! id5tification ( ?is inc>nate ,logos ) ,jesus ( ,naz>e? 0 "p ( ,clem5t's inh]itance1 & z usual he accept$ ! =m :i* ! tradition ( ! ,*ur* _h assum$4 ,b ,clem5t's !ology alt]$ ! significance ( ,jesus4 ,= ! ,abba ,fa!r :om ,jesus lov$1 he sub/itut$ ! great ,unkn[able1 & !n he _h to br+ 9 a figure unfamili> to ! ?\ght ( ,jesus--! ,logos1 :om he clo!d ) _m ( ! attributes ( ! ,fa!r ( ,jesus1 & !n id5tifi$ ) ,jesus himself4 ,n unnaturally 9 ?is comb9ation ! hi/oric is outweigh$ by ! !oretic elem5t1 & inde$ receives v little att5tion4 ,! ?\ght ( ,inc>nation is to ,clem5t mu* m important ?an ! ,p]sonality4 ,sid5ote3 ,! virg9-bir? ,jesus is ,god & p$agogue1 good %eph]d1 & my/ic ,angel 7or mess5g]71 ! pe>l1 ! great ,high ,prie/1 & s =?4#acf ,9 a few passages 7"s ( !m already quot$7 ,clem5t speaks ( ! e>?ly life ( ,jesus--( ! cr[n ( ?orns1 ! common w>e1 & ! abs5ce ( a silv] foot-ba?4 ,b he takes c>e to make x cle> t ,jesus 0 n an ord9>y man1 & t 0 :y he did n m>ry & h *ildr5--?is 9 opposition to c]ta9 #bii va9 p]sons :o held up ! ,"l's example z a reason = reject+ m>riage1 :i* !y call simple pro/itution & a practice introduc$ by ! devil4#acg ,s f> 0 ,jesus f be+ an ord9>y man t ,clem5t takes pa9s to dissociate him f ord9>y human exp]i5ce4 ,to ! miracul\s bir? he ref]s incid5tally b 9 a way t leaves no mi/ake possible4 ,mo/ p ev5 n[ believe1 z x seems1 t ,m>y ceas$ to be a virg9 ?r\gh ! bir? ( h] *ild1 ?\gh ?is 0 n really ! case--= "s say %e 0 f\nd by ! midwife to be a virg9 aft] h] deliv]y4#ach ,?is expansion ( ! traditional /ory is to be not$ z an e>ly illu/ration ( ! influ5ce ( dogma4 ,! episode appe>s 9 an elaborate =m 9 ! apocryphal ,gospels4#aci ,b ,clem5t goes fur!r4 ,9 ! case ( ! ,savi\r1 to suppose t 8 body requir$1 qua body1 ! necess>y att5tions = its cont9uance1 w\ld be laughable 7gelos74 ,= he ate--n on acc\nt ( 8 body1 :i* 0 held toge!r by holy p[]1 b t x might n occur to ^? :o consort$ ) him to ?9k o!rwise ( him--z inde$ lat] on "s really suppos$ him to h be5 manife/$ m]ely 9 appe>ance i4e4 ! ,doceti/s :o c\nt$ 8 body a phantom4 ,he himself 0 entirely )\t passion 7apa!s7 & into him ent]$ no emotional movem5t 7k9ema pa!tikon71 nei!r pleasure nor pa94#adj ,a fragm5t 79 a ,lat9 translation7 ( a comm5t>y ( ,clem5t's ^u ! fir/ ,epi/le ( ,john1 conta9s a curi\s /atem5t3 ,x is said 9 ! traditions t ,john t\*$ ! surface ( ! body ( ,jesus1 & drove 8 h& deep into x1 & ! firmness ( ! fle% 0 no ob/acle b gave way to ! h& ( ! disciple4#ada ,at ! same "t we read3 ,x 0 n idly t ! ,"l *ose to employ a body ( mean =m1 9 ord] t no "o1 :ile prais+ 8 comel9ess #cjj & beauty1 %\ld dep>t f :at he said1 & 9 cleav+ to :at is left beh9d %\ld be sev]$ f ! high] ?+s ( ?\ght 7ton noeton74#adb ,x is consi/5t ) ! g5]al s*eme ( ,clem5t's ?\ght t ! cross has b a small "p 9 8 !ology4 ,x 0 n by ! w ( 8 ,fa!r t ! ,"l suff]$1 nor are ! p]secut$ s treat$ 9 accordance ) 8 *oice--x is r 9 bo? cases t su* ?+s occur1 ,god n prev5t+ !m2 ?is alone saves at once ! provid5ce & goodness ( ,god4#adc ,yet ! blood ( ! ,"l is tw(old2 !re is ! fle%ly1 :]eby we h be5 r$eem$ f corruption1 & ! spiritual1 by :i* we h be5 ano9t$4#add ,! cross is ! l&m>k betwe5 u & our pa/4#ade ,on ! :ole ,clem5t has n mu* to say ab\t s91 ?\gh ( c\rse he does n ignore x4 ,x is et]nal dea?2#adf x is irrational2#adg x is n to be attribut$ to ! op]ation 7en]gy7 ( daemons1 z t w\ld be to acquit ! s9n]1 /ill x makes a man l ! daemons 7daimonikos74#adh ,god's puni%m5ts he holds to be curative 9 purpose4#adi ,he says no?+ to imply ! et]nity ( puni%m5t1#aej & z we h se5 he speaks def9itely ( ! ,gospel be+ prea*$ to ! dead4 ,sid5ote3 ,! vision ( ! true gno/ic ,! ,*ri/ian religion1 accord+ to ,clem5t1 beg9s 9 fai? & goes on to k4 ,! heavi] emphasis ) him always falls on k1 ?\gh he ma9ta9s 9 a f9e *apt] t fai? is its f\ndation4#aea ,! ,greeks1 he says1 consid] fai? an empty & b>b>\s ?+1#aeb b he is f> f su* a view4 ,fai? mu/ be well-f\nd$--if fai? is su* z to be de/roy$ by plausible talk1 let x be de/roy$4#aec ,b ! ^w left ^u ! read]'s m9d is k4 ,a passage l ! foll[+ is unmi/akable4 ,suppos+ "o 7 to (f] ! ,gno/ic 8 *oice1 :e!r he w\ld pref] #cja ! k ( ,god or et]nal salvation1 "o or ! o!r 7?\gh ( c\rse !y are above all ?+s an id5tity72 )\t ! slighte/ hesitation he w\ld *oose ! k ( ,god = its own sake4#aed ,! ideal ,*ri/ian is habitually spok5 ( 9 ?is way1 z ! man ( k--! true ,gno/ic1 z oppos$ to ! h]etics :o illegitimately claim ! title4 ,a v great deal ( ,clem5t's writ+ is devot$ to build+ up ?is ,gno/ic1 to outl9+ 8 ideal "*4 ,he is ess5tially man z ,god conceiv$ him1 ent]+ into ! div9e life1 &1 by ! grace ( ! ,logos1 ev5 becom+ ,god4 ,?is ?\ght ( man becom+ ,god ,clem5t repeats v (t51 & x is a m>k ( h[ f> ,*ri/ianity has travell$ f ,pale/9e4 ,x beg9s ) ! ,platonic ideal ( be+ made l to ,god1 & ! means is ! k ( ,god or ! sight ( ,god giv5 by ! ,logos4 ',n\ght say ,i ( ! re/1'#aee glorify+ ,god4 ,only ,i say t ^? ,gno/ic s\ls are s c>ri$ away by ! magnific5ce ( ! vision 7!opia7 t !y _c conf9e !mselves )9 ! l9es ( ! con/itution by :i* ea* holy degree is assign$ & 9 accordance ) :i* ! bless$ abodes ( ! gods h be5 m>k$ out & allott$2 b be+ c\nt$ z 'holy among ! holy1' & translat$ absolutely & entirely to ano!r sph]e1 !y keep on always mov+ to bett] & yet bett] regions1 until !y no long] greet ! div9e vision 9 mirrors or by means ( mirrors1 b ) lov+ s\ls fea/ = ev] on ! uncloy+ nev]-end+ sight1 radiant 9 its transp>5t cle>ness1 :ile ?r\gh\t ! endless ages !y ta/e a nev]-we>y+ delight1 & ?us cont9ue1 all alike hon\r$ ) an id5tity ( pre-em95ce4 ,?is is ! appreh5sive vision ( ! pure 9 he>t4 ,?is1 !n1 is ! "w 7en]geia7 ( ! p]fect$ ,gno/ic--to hold communion ) ,god ?r\gh ! ,great ,high ,*ri/ be+ made l ! ,"l z f> z may be4 ,yes1 & 9 ?is process ( becom+ l ,god ! ,gno/ic creates & fa%ions himself anew1 & adorns ^? t he> him4#aef ,9 an int]e/+ *apt] ,clem5t discusses ab/raction f mat]ial ?+s z a necess>y #cjb condition = atta9+ ! k ( ,god2 we mu/ ca/ ourselves into ! greatness ( ,*ri/ & !nce g =w>d4#aeg ,if a man "k himself1 he %all "k ,god1 & kn[+ ,god %all be made l to him4444 ,! man ) :om ! ,logos dwells 444 is made l to ,god 444 & t man becomes ,god1 = ,god wi%es x4#aeh ,by be+ deifi$ into ,apa?y 7apa!ian7 a man becomes ,monadic )\t /a94#aei ,z ,hom] makes m5 poets1 ,crobylus cooks1 & ,plato philosoph]s2 s he :o obeys ! ,"l & foll[s ! prophecy giv5 ?r\gh him1 is fully p]fect$ aft] ! lik5ess ( 8 ,tea*]1 & ?us becomes a god :ile /ill mov+ ab\t 9 ! fle%4#afj ,dwell+ ) ! ,"l1 talk+ ) him & %>+ 8 he>?1 he w abide accord+ to ! _s1 pure 9 fle%1 pure 9 he>t1 sanctifi$ 9 ^w4 ',! _w to him1' x says1 'is crucifi$ & he to ! _w4' ,he c>ries ! cross ( ! ,savi\r & foll[s ! ,"l '9 8 foot/eps z ( a god1' & is become holy ( ! holy4#afa ,we seem to t\* ! _w ( daily life1 :5 aft] all ! beatific visions we see ! cross aga94 ,clem5t has abundance ( sugge/ion = ,*ri/ian society 9 ,alex&ria1 & x is surpris+ h[ simple1 natural & wise is 8 attitude to ! daily r\nd & common task4 ,m5 & wom5 alike may philosophize1 = _! virtue 79 ,ari/otle's phrase7 is ! same--s may ! slave1 ! ignorant & ! *ild4#afb ,! ,*ri/ian life is n to eradicate ! natural b to control x4#afc ,m>riage is a /ate ( ,god's appo9t+--,clem5t is no ,j]ome4 ,nature made u to m>ry & ! *ildless man falls %ort ( ! p]fection ( ,nature4#afd ,m5 mu/ m>ry = _! c\ntry's sake & = ! complet5ess ( ! univ]se4#afe ,true manhood is n prov$ by celibacy--! m>ri$ man may fall %ort ( ! o!r z reg>ds 8 p]sonal salvation1 b he has #cjc ! advantage 9 ! conduct ( life inasmu* z he really pres]ves a fa9t 7olig57 image ( ! true ,provid5ce4#aff ,! hea!n1 x is true1 may expose _! own *ildr5 & keep p>rots1 b ! begett+ & upbr++ ( *ildr5 is a "p ( ! m>ri$ ,*ri/ian life4#afg ,:o are ! two or ?ree ga!r+ 9 ! "n ( ,*ri/1 among :om ! ,"l is 9 ! mid/8 ,does he n mean man1 wife & *ild by ! ?ree1 see+ woman is made to mat* man by ,god4#afh ,! real fact ab\t ! ,*ri/ian life is simply ?is1 t ! ,new ,song turns wild bea/s into m5 ( ,god4#afi ,sail pa/ ! sir5's song1 x works dea?1 says ,clem5t1 if only ?\ wilt1 ?\ ha/ ov]come de/ruction2 la%$ to ! wood ?\ %alt be loos$ f ru92 ! ,^w ( ,god w /e] !e & ! holy _s w moor !e to ! hav5s ( heav54#agj ,to ! e>ly ,*ri/ian ! wood always meant ! cross ( ,jesus4 ,! new life is do+ good = love's sake1#aga & he :o %[s pity ought n to "k t he is do+ x4444 ,:5 he does good by in/9ctive habit 7en hexei7 !n he w be imitat+ ! nature ( good4#agb ,god brea!d into man & !re has always be5 some?+ *>m+ 9 a man s9ce !n 7philtron74#agc ,s ! new p are always happy1 always 9 ! full bloom ( ?\ght1 always at spr+-"t4#agd ,! ,*ur* is ! "o ?+ 9 ! _w t always rejoices4#age ,clem5t's !ology is composite r ?an organic--a /ructure ( mat]ials old & new1 h>dly fit = ! op5 air1 ! w9d & ! ra94 ,b 8 fai? is ano!r ?+--x re/s ^u ! liv+ p]sonality ( ! ,savi\r1 ! love ( ,god & ! significance ( ! individual s\l1 & x has ! /amp ( su* fai? 9 all ! ages--joy & peace 9 believ+4 ,x has la/$ because x liv$4 ,if ,*ri/ianity _h dep5d$ on ! #cjd ,logos1 x w\ld h foll[$ ! ,logos to ! limbo :i!r w5t ,a,eon & ,aporrhoia & ,sp]maticos ,logos4 ,b t ! ,logos has n p]i%$ is due to ! "o fact t ) ! ,cross x has be5 borne ?r\gh ! ages on ! %\ld]s ( ,jesus4 ,*apt] ,,ix ,footnotes3 #a ,see ! lett] ( ,hadrian quot$ by ,vopiscus1 ,saturn9us1 #h 7,script4 ,hi/4 ,aug474 #b ,pa$ag4 ii1 #b2 #ac2 #ad4 #c ,pa$4 ii1 #bj1 #b1 #c4 #d ,pa$4 ii1 #cb1 #b4 #e ,pa$4 ii1 #ch1 #a-c4 #f ,pa$4 ii1 #de-fj4 #g ,pa$4 ii1 #fa-gc2 ,t]tullian1 de corona militis1 #e1 fl[]s on ! head are aga9/ nature1 etc42 ib4 #aj1 on ! paganism ( ! practice2 ib4 #ac 7end71 a li/ ( ! hea!n gods hon\r$ if a ,*ri/ian hang a cr[n on 8 door4 #h ,pa$4 ii1 #abi1 #c2 iii1 #ef1 #c2 ,t]tullian ironically1 de cultu fem4 ii1 #aj1 scrupulosa deus et auribus vuln]a intulit4 #i iii1 #d1 #b4 ,cf4 ,erman1 ,h&book ( ,egyptian ,religion1 p4 #bb3 ,9 ! temple ( ,sobk !re 0 a tank conta9+ a crocodile1 a cat dwelt 9 ! temple ( ,ba/4 ,! simile also 9 ,lucian1 ,imag4 #aa1 & us$ by ,celsus ap4 ,orig4 c4 ,cels4 iii1 #ag4 #aj iii1 #fd1 #b4 #aa iii1 #gi1 #e4 #ab iii1 #ej4 #ac iii1 #ei1 #b4 #ad ii1 #fj1 #fa4 #ae iii1 #ib4 ,cf41 9 g5]al1 ,t]tullian1 de ,cultu ,fem9>um4 #af ,euseb4 ,e4,h4 v1 #aj4 #ag ,euseb4 ,e4,h4 vi1 #aa1 #f2 vi1 #ad1 #h4 #ah ,euseb4 ,e4,h4 vi1 #f2 see de ,faye1 ,clem5t d',alex&rie1 pp4 #ag to #bg1 = ! few facts ( 8 life--a book ,i h us$ & %all quote ) satisfaction4 #ai ,epiphanius1 ,ha]4 ,i1 ii1 #bf1 p4 #bac2 de ,faye1 ,clem5t d',alex&rie1 p4 #ag1 quot+ ,zahn4 #bj ,euseb4 ,praep>4 ,ev4 ii1 #b1 #fd4 ,klemes 444 panton m5 dia peiras el?on an]1 ?atton ge m5 planes ananeusas1 hos an pros t\ sot]i\ log\ kai dia tes euaggelikes didaskalias ton kakon lelutrom5os4 #ba ,pa$4 i1 #a1 #a4 #bb ,/rom4 i1 #dh1 #a2 ii1 #c1 #a4 #bc ,/rom4 vii4 #aaa4 ,su* hills are describ$ 9 ,greek novels2 cf4 ,a,elian1 ,v>ia ,hi/oria1 xiii1 #a1 ,atalanta's b[]4 #bd ,"o may p]haps comp>e ! admiration ( ! contempor>y ,pausanias = e>li] r ?an lat] art2 cf4 ,fraz]1 ,pausanias & o!r ,sket*es1 p4 #ib4 #be ,/rom4 i1 #bb1 #e4 #bf ,/rom4 i1 #cg1 #f2 & vi1 #ee1 #c4 #bg ,/rom4 i1 #bi1 #aj 7! phrase is ,philo's72 ,tru? 9 fact has be5 divid$ by ! philosophic s*ools1 z ,p5!us 0 by ! ,ma5ads1 ,/rom1 i1 #eg4 ,cf4 ,milton1 ,areopagitica4 #bh ,protr4 #abj1 #a2 o ton hagion hos ale?os my/]ion1 o phooos ak]at\4 dad\*\mai t\s ouran\s kai ton !on epopteusai1 hagios g9omai mu\m5os1 hi]ophantei de ho kyrios kai ton mu/5 sphragizetai photagogon4 ,/range z ! te*nical t]ms seem to-day1 yet :5 ,clem5t wrote1 !y sugge/$ religi\s emotion1 & w\ld h seem$ less /range ?an ! t]ms mod]n times h kept f ! ,greek--bi%op1 deacon1 liturgy1 diocese1 etc4 #bi ,/rom4 iv1 #afb1 #c4 #cj ,/rom4 i1 #ga1 #d4 ,! ,brahmans also 9 iii1 #fj4 #ca ,/rom4 v1 #bj1 #c2 #ca1 #e2 etc4 #cb ,/rom4 vi1 *4 iv1 ,sec4 #ce f4 #cc ,orig51 c4 ,cels4 i1 #b4 ,celsus' words3 hikan\s ehure9 dogmata t\s b>b>\s1 & !n kr9ai de kai bebaiosa/hai kai askesai pros aret5 ta hypo b>b>on ehure!nta ame9ones eis9 hell5es4 ,pausanias1 iv1 #cb1 #d1 ego de ,*aldai\s kai ,indon t\s mag\s prot\s oida eipontas hos a?anatos e/9 an?rot\ phy*e4 kai sphisi kai ,hell5on alloi te epei/hesan kai ou* heki/a ,platon ho ,ari/onos4 #cd ,euseb4 ,e4,h4 vi1 #ac4 #ce ,/rom4 i1 #aa4 ,! quotation is r\ghly f ,hom]1 ,od4 ii1 #bgf4 #cf ,/rom4 i1 #dc1 i4 ,"s :o c\nt !mselves euphueis1 mon5 kai psil5 t5 pi/9 apait\si4 #cg ,/rom4 i1 #de1 #f1 oi or?odoxa/ai4 #ch ,/rom4 vii1 #ee4 #ci ,pa$ag4 i1 #bf2 #bg4 ,p]haps = he sai?1 we %\ld read x sai?1 viz4 ,scripture4 #dj ,/rom4 v1 #i4 #da ,/rom4 #dc1 #c-dd1 #b4 #db ,pa$4 i1 #ad1 #b2 #ai4 ,cf4 ,blake's poem4 #dc ,pa$4 i1 #bb1 #c4 #dd ,m>cus ,aurelius1 xi1 #c4 ,he may h _h 9 m9d "s :o c\rt$ m>tyrdom4 #de ,euseb4 ,e4,h4 v1 #bh1 quotes a docum5t deal+ ) m5 :o /udy ,euclid1 ,ari/otle & ,!ophra/us1 & all b wor%ip ,gal51 & h correct$ ! ,scriptures4 ,= ! view ( ,t]tullian on ?is1 see p4 #ccg4 #df ,/rom4 i1 #ah1 #b4 #dg ,/rom4 vi1 #hj1 #e4 #dh ,/rom4 vi1 #afb1 #e4 #di ,/rom4 i1 #ai1 #b4 psile te p]i ton dogmati/h5ton autois *rom5\s phrasei1 ue synemba9ontas eis t5 kata m]os a*ri syggnoseos ekkalyps94 #ej ,/rom4 vi1 #ei1 #a4 ,! exact r5d]+ ( ! la/ clause is d\btful2 ! s5se fairly cle>4 #ea ,/rom4 i1 #ig1 #a-d4 #eb ,sph]ical a/ronomy4 ,a curi\s passage on ?is at ! beg9n+ ( ,lucan's ,ph>salia1 vii4 #ec ,/rom4 vi1 #ic1 #id4 ,! l9e comes f a play ( ,sophocles1 fr4 #fie4 ,x may be not$ t ,clem5t has a good _m su* fragm5ts1 & ! pres5ce ( "s v d\btful ones among !m1 :i* are also quot$ 9 ! same way by o!r ,*ri/ian writ]s 7e4g4 9 ,/rom1 v1 #aaa-aac71 raises ! possibility ( 8 borr[+ o!r m5's quotations to some?+ ne> c]ta9ty4 ,probably !y all us$ books ( extracts4 ,see ,ju/91 ,coh4 ad4 ,g5t4 #ah2 ,a!nagoras1 ,presb4 #e1 #bd4 #ed ,/rom4 vi1 #aeb1 #c-aed1 #a4 ,cf4 ,/rom4 iv1 #afg1 #d1 ! s\l is n s5t f heav5 hi!r = ! worse1 = ,god en]gizes all ?+s = ! bett]4--,if ! ,engli% 9 "s ( ^! passages is involv$ & obscure1 x p]haps gives ! bett] impression ( ! ,greek4 #ee ,cf4 ,iliad1 #c1 #bgg4 #ef ,we may note 8 fondness = ! old idea ( ,plato t man is an phyton ouranion & has an emphytos ar*aia pros ouranon ko9onia4 ,cf4 ,protr4 #be1 #c2 #ajj1 #c4 #eg ,/rom4 vi1 #aef1 #c-aeg1 #e4 #eh ,/rom4 vi1 #aei4 ,cf4 vi1 #eg1 #eh1 :]e he asks ,:o 0 ! orig9al tea*]1 & answ]s t x is ! ,fir/-born1 ! ,wisdom4 #ei ,/rom4 i1 #bh1 kata proeg\m5on & kat epakol\!ma4 ,see de ,faye1 p4 #afh1 #afi4 ,note ref4 to ,paul1 ,galat4 #c1 #bd4 #fj ,/rom4 vi1 #fg1 #a4 #fa ,/rom4 vi1 #db1 #a4 #fb ,/rom4 i1 #ii1 #c4 #fc ,/rom4 vi1 #dd1 #a4 #fd ,/rom4 vi1 #dd1 #d4 #fe ,/rom4 vi1 #de-g2 ,cf4 ,/rom4 ii1 #dd1 cit+ ,h]mas1 ,sim4 ix1 #af1 #e-g4 ,a curi\s discussion foll[s 79 ,/rom4 vi1 #de-eb7 on ! object ( ! ,savi\r's desc5t into ,hades1 & ! necessity = ! ,gospel to be prea*$ 9 ! grave to ^? :o 9 life _h no *ance ( he>+ x4 ,c\ld he h done any?+ else8 7,sec4 #ea74 #ff ,/rom4 vi1 #aaj1 #aaa2 ,deut]onomy #d1 #ai1 does n be> him out--nei!r 9 ,greek nor 9 ,engli%4 #fg ,/rom4 i1 #aje & #ajh4 ,cf4 ,t]t4 adv4 ,m>c4 ii1 #ag1 s$ ante ,lycurgos et ,salonas omnes ,moyses et deus2 de anima1 #bh1 mutio antiquior ,moyses etiam ,saturno nong5tis circit] annis2 cf4 ,apol4 #ai4 #fh ,= ! ,scripture p>allels see ,/rom4 v1 #ij-ajg4 ,= ,euripides & o!r int]-,hell5ic plagi>isms1 ,/rom4 vi1 #bd4 #fi ,/rom4 vii1 #f4 #gj ,/rom4 v1 #aj1 #b4 ,see an amus+ page 9 ,lecky1 ,european ,morals1 i1 #cdd4 #ga ,/rom4 i1 #id1 #a2 kata p]iptos92 kata synty*ian2 physik5 ennoian2 ko9on n\n4 #gb ,/rom4 v1 #aj2 i1 #ah2 #hf2 #id4 #gc ,/rom4 i1 #ha1 #a2 ,john #aj1 #h4 #gd ,/rom4 vi1 #ff2 #aei4 #ge ,/rom4 vi1 #fg1 #b4 #gf ,odyssey1 iv1 #bba1 ,c[p]'s translation4 #gg ,protr4 #a-c4 #gh ,ibid4 #e2 #f4 #gi ,protr4 #h1 #d1 logos ho t\ !\ an?ropos g5om5os h9a de kai su p>a an?rop\ ma!s1 pe pote ara an?ropos g5tai !os4 #hj ,protr4 #be1 #c2 ref4 to ,euripides1 fr4 #ice1 & ,troades1 #hhd4 ,! latt] 7n q correctly quot$ by ,clem5t7 is "o ( ! poet's f9e/ & pr(\nde/ utt]ances4 #ha ,protr4 #ef1 #f4 #hb ,ibid4 #fc1 #e4 #hc ,protr4 #ff1 #c4 #hd ,ibid4 #ff1 #e4 #he ,ibid4 #fh1 #a4 #hf ,protr4 #gj1 #a2 9 ,/rom4 i1 #aej1 #d1 he quotes a description ( ,plato z ,m\ses attikixon4 ,cf4 ,t]tullian1 ,apol4 #dg4 #hg ,protr4 #gf4 ,he quotes ,ore/es1 #eia f42 ,alce/is1 #gfj2 & concludes 7anticipat+ ,dr ,v]rall7 t 9 ! ,ion gymne te kephale ekkuklei to !atro t\s !\s1 quot+ ,ion1 #ddb-ddg4 #hh ,protr4 #hb1 #a4 #hi ,ibid4 #hd1 #b4 #ij ,ibid4 #he1 #d4 #ia ,ibid4 #hf1 #a4 #ib ,protr4 #hf1 #b4 ,! ref]5ce is to ,odyssey1 i1 #eg4 ,"o feels t1 ) m ju/ice to ,odysseus1 m might h be5 made ( 8 crav+ = a sight ( ! smoke ( 8 isl& home4 #ic ,protr4 #hh1 #b1 #c4 #id ,else:]e1 he says ,god is beyond ! ,monad1 ,pa$4 i1 #ga1 #a1 epeke9 t\ h5os kai hyp] aut5 t5 monada4 ,see p4 #bij4 #ie ,protr4 #id1 #a1 #b4 ,on ,god mak+ ! ,*ri/ian 8 *ild1 cf4 ,t]t4 adv4 ,m>c4 iv1 #ag4 #if ,protr4 #ajj1 #c1 #d4 #ig ,ibid4 #ajg1 #a4 #ih ,ibid4 #ajh1 #e4 #ii ,protr4 #aaf1 #a1 hypsos 7height7 is ! ^w us$ 9 lit]ature = sublimity1 & t may be ! ?\ght "h4 ,cf4 ,t]t4 de ,bapt4 #b1 simplicitas div9orum op]um 444 et magnific5tia4 ,see p4 #cbh4 #ajj ,protr4 #aag1 #d4 #aja ,/rom4 ii1 #i1 #f4 #ajb ,ibid4 vii1 #di4 #ajc ,psalm #fc1 #a4 #ajd ,see ,caird1 ,evolution ( ,!ology 9 ! ,greek ,philosoph]s1 ii1 pp4 #ahc ff2 de ,faye1 ,clem5t1 pp4 #bca-h4 #aje ,pa$4 i1 #ga1 #a2 cf4 ,philo1 ,leg4 ,alleg4 ii1 ,sec4 #a1 #fg ,m4 tattetai oun ho !os kata to en kai t5 monada1 mallon de kai he monas kata ton h5a !on4 ,cf4 de ,faye1 p4 #bah4 #ajf ,expressions tak5 f ,ari/otle1 ,anal4 ,po/4 i1 #b1 p4 #ga b1 #bj4 #ajg ,/rom4 v1 #ha1 #e-hb1 #c4 #ajh ,/rom4 ii1 #gd1 #a-ge1 #b2 cf4 ,plut>*1 de def4 or4 #dad ,f1 #daf ,f 7quot$ on p4 #ig71 on involv+ ,god inhuman affairs2 & also adv4 ,/o4 #cc1 & de ,/o4 repugn4 #cc1 #cd1 on ! ,/oic doctr9e mak+ ,god responsible = human s94 ,cf4 fur!r /atem5ts 9 ! same ve9 9 ,/rom4 ii1 #f1 #a2 v #ga1 #e2 vii1 #b4 #aji ,/rom4 v4 #fe1 #b4 #aaj ,/rom4 ii1 #gb1 #a-d4 #aaa ,/rom4 iv1 #aea1 #a4 #aab ,see ,/rom4 ii1 #ajc1 #a2 iv1 #ach1 #a2 vi1 #ga-gc2 ,pa$4 i1 #d1 #a4 #aac ,/rom4 vii1 #cg1 ,mayor's translation4 ,! expressions are said to g back to ,x5ophanes 7cit$ by ,sext4 ,empir4 ix1 #add7 oulos g> hora1 oulos de noei1 oulos de t' ak\ei4 ,cf4 ,pl9y1 ,n4 ,h4 ii1 #g1 #ad1 quisquis e/ deus1 si modo e/ alius1 et quacumque 9 p>te1 totus e/ s5suus1 totus visuus1 totus audituus1 totus animae1 totus animae1 totus sui4 #aad ,cf4 ,/rom4 ii1 #cj1 #a1 ei g> an?rop9on en to epit$euma1 hos ,hell5es epelabon1 kan apesbe4 he de auxei 7sc4 he pi/is74 ,protr4 #aaj1 #a1 ou g> an outos en oligo *rono tos\ton ergon aneu !ias komides ex5us5 ho kurios4 #aae ,/rom4 vii1 #e1 ,j4 ,b4 ,mayor's translation4 #aaf ,pa$4 i1 #f1 #f1 to de soma kallei kai eury?mia synek]asato4 #aag ,phrases mo/ly f ,/rom1 vii1 #f-i4 ennoian ene/a*tai !\4 ,see criticism ( ,celsus1 p4 #bdd4 #aah ,pa$4 iii1 #ii1 #b-ajj1 #a4 ,! quotation is f ,hom]'s description ( ,hephai/os mak+ ! %ield = ,a*illes1 ,il4 #ah1 #dhc4 #aai ,all p>ts ( ! univ]se4 #abj ,/rom4 vii1 #i4 ,mayor's translation1 modifi$ to keep ! d\ble use ( pneuma4 ,= ! magnet see ,plato1 ,ion4 #ecc ,d1 ,e4 #aba ,/rom4 vii1 #ab4 #abb ,/rom4 v1 #af1 #c 7no article ) ,logos74 #abc ,/rom4 vii1 #g #abd ,/rom4 vii1 #i4 #abe ,/rom4 v1 #ch1 #f1 ho kurios hyp]ano t\ kosmon1 mallon de epeke9o t\ noet\4 #abf ,protr4 #aaj1 #a4 #abg ,protr4 #fc1 #e2 #hd1 #b2 #fh1 #d4 #abh ,pa$4 i1 #f1 #b1 ol\ k$etai t\ plasmatos1 kai soma kai psy*5 akeitai aut\ no pan>kes tes an?ropotetos iatros4 #abi ,protr4 #aaj1 #b1 #c4 ,cf4 also ,pa$4 i1 #d1 #a-b4 #acj ,/rom4 vii1 #f4 ,cf4 ,pa$4 i1 #d1 #b4 apolutos eis to panteles an?rop9on pa?on4 #aca ,/rom4 v1 #dj1 #c4 #acb ,/rom4 v1 #g1 #g-h4 #acc ,protr4 #f1 #a-b1 t\to monon apolauon hemon ho sozome?a4 #acd ,protr4 #f1 #e4 #ace ,protr4 #g1 #c4 #acf ,! ref]5ces are 79 ord]7 ,pa$4 i1 #ee2 i1 #ec1 #b2 i1 #ei1 #a2 ii1 #aah1 #e2 ,protr4 #abj1 #b4 #acg ,/rom4 iii1 #di1 #a-c1 oude an?ropos en ko9os4 #ach ,/rom4 vii1 #ic4 #aci ,see ,protevangelium ,jacobi1 #ai1 #bj 79 ,tis*5dorf's ,evangelia ,apocrypha1 p4 #cf71 a "w quot$ 9 ! #d? c5tury by ,gregory ( ,nyssa1 & possibly ! s\rce ( ?is /atem5t ( ,clem5t's4 ,tis*5dorf ?9ks x may also h be5 kn[n to ,ju/94 ,see also pseudo-,mat!i evangelium1 #ac 7,tis*5dorf1 p4 #ge71 kn[n to ,/ ,j]ome4 #adj ,/rom4 vi1 #ga1 #b4 ,a /range op9ion ( ,val5t9us ab\t ,jesus eat+ may be comp>$1 :i* ,clem5t quotes )\t diss5t 9 ,/rom4 iii1 #ei1 #c4 ,see p4 #bdi1 n4 #d4 #ada ,pr9t$ 9 ,d9dorf's edition1 vol4 iii1 p4 #dhe4 #adb ,/rom4 vi1 #aea1 #c4 ,cf4 ,celsus1 p4 #bdi1 & ,t]t4 de c>ne ,*ri/i1 #i1 ,adeo nec humanae hone/atis corpus fuit2 ,t]tullian h[ev] is f> f any su* fancies z to ,*ri/'s body n be+ q human1 see p4 #cdj4 #adc ,/rom4 iv1 #hf1 #b1 #c2 contra/ ,t]tullian's attitude 9 de ,fuga 9 ,p]secutione1 etc4 #add ,pa$4 #ai1 #d4 #ade ,pa$4 iii1 #he1 #c4 #adf ,protr4 #aae1 #b4 #adg ,pa$4 i1 *4 #ac4 #adh ,/rom4 vi1 #ih1 #a4 #adi ,cf4 ,/rom4 i1 #agc2 iv1 #aec1 #b2 ,pa$4 i1 #gj1 he g> kolasis ep' aga?o kai ep' opheleia t\ kolazom5on4 #aej ,cf4 ,j4 ,b4 ,mayor1 ,pref4 to ,/romateis1 vii1 p4 xl4 #aea ,/rom4 ii1 *4 #d4 ,cf4 ii1 #dh4 #aeb ,/rom4 ii1 #h1 #d4 #aec ,/rom4 vi1 #ha1 #a4 #aed ,/rom4 iv1 #acf1 #e4 #aee ,f ,a,esch4 ,agam4 #cf4 #aef ,/rom4 vii1 #ac4 7,mayor's translation 9 ! ma974 ,cf4 ,protr4 #hf1 #b1 !osebeia exomoi\sa to !o2 ,pa$4 #a1 #ii1 #a2 ,/rom4 vi1 #ajd1 #b4 #aeg ,/rom4 v1 #ga1 #c4 #aeh ,pa$4 iii1 #a1 #a1 & #e4 #aei ,/rom4 iv1 #aeb1 #a4 #afj ,/rom4 vii1 #aja4 #afa ,/rom4 ii1 #ajd1 #b1 #c1 ) reff4 to ,paul ,gal4 #f1 #ad2 & ,odyssey1 #b1 #djf4 ,o!r passages 9 :i* ! notion occurs are ,/rom4 iv1 #adi1 #h2 vii1 #ef1 #hb4 ,augu/9e has ! ?\ght--all ! ,fa!rs1 inde$1 accord+ to ,h>nack4 ,see ,mayor's note on ,/rom4 vii1 #c4 ,x also comes 9 ! ,!ologia ,g]manica4 #afb ,/rom4 iv4 #fb1 #d2 #eh1 #c2 ! arete 9 ,pa$4 i1 #aj1 #a4 #afc ,pa$4 ii1 #df1 #a4 #afd ,/rom4 ii1 #aci1 #e4 #afe ,/rom4 ii1 #adj1 #a1 a v rem>kable utt]ance4 #aff ,/rom4 vii1 #gj1 end4 #afg ,pa$4 ii1 #hc1 #a1 tois de bebamekosi skopos he paidopoiia1 telos de he euteknia4 ,cf4 ,t]tullian1 adv4 ,m>c4 iv1 #ag1 on ! impropriety ( ,god call+ u *ildr5 if we suppose t he nobis filios fac]e non p]misit auf]5do connubium4 ,! opposite view1 = purposes ( argum5t p]haps1 9 de exh4 ca/itatis1 #ab1 :]e he ridicules ! idea ( produc+ *ildr5 = ! sake ( ! /ate4 #afh ,/rom4 iii1 #fh1 #a4 #afi ,protr4 #d1 #c4 #agj ,protr4 #aah1 #d4 #aga ,/rom4 iv1 #ace1 #d4 #agb ,/rom4 iv1 #ach1 #b1 #c4 #agc ,pa$4 i1 #g1 #b4 #agd ,pa$4 i1 #bj1 #c1 #d4 #age ,pa$4 i1 #bb1 #b1 mone pute eis t\s aionas m5ei *air\s aei4 #cje ,,*apt] ,x ,,t]tullian ,9 8 mo/ fam\s *apt] ,gibbon speaks at "o po9t ( ! affirmation ( ! e>ly *ur* t ^? :o p]si/$ 9 ! wor%ip ( ! daemons nei!r des]v$ nor c\ld expect a p>don f ! irritat$ ju/ice ( ! ,deity4 ,oppress$ 9 ?is _w by ! p[] ( ! ,pagans1 ,*ri/ians 7 sometimes s$uc$ by res5tm5t & spiritual pride to delight 9 ! prospect ( _! future triumph4 ',y are fond ( spectacles1' exclaims ! /]n ,t]tullian1 'expect ! greate/ ( all spectacles1 ! la/ & et]nal judgm5t ( ! univ]se4 ,h[ %all ,i admire1 h[ laugh1 h[ rejoice1 h[ exult1 :5 ,i behold s _m pr\d mon>*s1 & fanci$ gods1 groan+ 9 ! l[e/ abyss ( d>kness2 s _m magi/rates1 :o p]secut$ ! "n ( ! ,"l1 liquefy+ 9 fi]c] fires ?an !y ev] k9dl$ aga9/ ! ,*ri/ians2 s _m sage philosoph]s blu%+ 9 r$-hot flames ) _! delud$ s*ol>s2 s _m celebrat$ poets trembl+ be=e ! tribunal1 n ( ,m9os1 b ( ,*ri/2 s _m trag$ians m tuneful 9 ! expression ( _! own suff]+s2 s _m danc]s----' ,b ! humanity ( ! read] w p]mit me to draw a veil ov] ! re/ ( ?is inf]nal description1 :i* ! zeal\s ,african pursues 9 a long v>iety ( affect$ & unfeel+ witticisms4#a ,! passage is a magnific5t example ( ,gibbon's /yle & me?od1--m useful1 h[ev]1 z an index to ! m9d ( ,gibbon ?an to t ( ,t]tullian4 ,he has abridg$ 8 translation1 & 9 "o or two clauses he has miss$ ,t]tullian's po9ts2 f9ally he has drawn 8 veil ov] ! re/ ( ! inf]nal description exactly :5 he knew !re 0 little or no?+ m to be quot$ t w\ld s]ve 8 purpose4 ,he has made no attempt to und]/& ! man he quotes1 nor ! #cjf mood 9 :i* he spoke1 nor ! circum/ances :i* gave rise to t mood4 ,yet on ! evid5ce ( ?is passage & a sonnet ( ,mat!w ,arnold's1 ,engli% read]s pass a swift judgm5t on ! /]n ,t]tullian & 8 unpity+ ,phrygian sect4 ,b to ! hi/orian ( human ?\ght1 & to ! /ud5t ( human "*1 !re are few figures ( m significance 9 ,lat9 lit]ature4 ,( ! m5 :o m\ld$ ,we/]n ,*ri/5dom few h /amp$ !mselves & _! ideas ^u x ) any?+ approa*+ ! cle>ness & ! effect ( ,t]tullian4 ,he fir/ turn$ ! curr5ts ( ,*ri/ian ?\ght 9 ! ,we/ into *annels 9 :i* !y h nev] yet ceas$ to fl[ & w probably long cont9ue to fl[4 ,he 0 ! fir/ ,lat9 *ur*man1 & 8 g5ius help$ to %ape ,lat9 ,*ri/ianity4 ,he1 too1 0 ! fir/ great ,puritan ( ! ,we/1 precursor alike ( ,augu/9e & ( ! ,re=mation4 ,! ,ca?olic ,*ur* left him unread ?r\gh\t ! ,middle ,ages1 b at ! ,r5aissance he began once m to be /udi$1 & simultane\sly !re also began ! great movem5t = ! purification ( ! *ur* & ! deep5+ ( ,*ri/ian life1 :i* 7 ! causes to :i* he _h giv5 himself & 8 g5ius4 ,su* a man may be op5 to criticism on _m sides4 ,he may be p]man5tly or fitfully wrong 9 ?\ght or spee* or conduct2 b x is cle> t an influ5ce s great re/s ^u some?+ m pr(\nd ?an irritability h[ev] brilliant 9 expression4 ,!re mu/ be some:]e 9 ! man some?+ t corresponds ) ! endur+ ?\ghts ( mank9d--some?+ t engages ! m9d or t w9s ! fri5d%ip ( m5--some?+ t is true & valid4 ,& ?is1 :atev] x is1 is ! outcome ( _m conflu5t elem5ts--( temp]am5t1 environm5t & exp]i5ce1 p]haps1 9 *ief4 ,! man mu/ be se5 z 8 p]sonal fri5ds saw him & z 8 enemies saw him2 :at is m1 !y--bo? sets ( !m--mu/ be se5 z he saw !m4 ,! critic mu/ himself1 by d9t ( /udy & imag9ation1 be play$ ^u by z _m ( ! factors ( ! man's exp]i5ce z he c re-capture4 ,impressions1 pleasures1 d\bts1 hopes1 convictions1 fri5d%ips1 inspirations--ev]y?+ t goes to %ape a man is relevant to t /udy ( "* )\t :i*1 9 ! case ( #cjg =mative m51 hi/ory itself becomes p$antry & illusion4 ,p>ticul>ly 9 ! case ( su* a man z ,t]tullian is x ne$ful to repeat ?is caution4 ,! impetu\s dogmatism 9 :i* 8 m9d &1 q z (t51 8 mood express !mselves1 & 8 h>d words1 h>d] a great deal ?an 8 he>t1 no less ?an 8 impulsive convictions1 seem1 z ,gibbon put x1 to (f5d ! reason & ! humanity ( ! pres5t age4 ,on ! o!r side1 ! *ur*1 :i* ! hi/orian 9 a footnote saddles ) ! responsibility ( %>+ ,t]tullian's mo/ h>% beliefs1 is at "o ) ! pres5t age 9 repudiat+ him on gr\nds ( h] own4 ,yet1 que/ion$ or condemn$1 ,t]tullian play$ 8 "p1 & t no little "o1 9 ! conflict ( religions2 he /ood = tru? z he saw x1 & wrote & spoke ) little ?\ght ( ! praise or blame ( 8 contempor>ies or ( po/]ity--all t he _h ab&on$ once = all1 :5 he made ! great *oice ( 8 life4 ,que/ion$ or condemn$1 he is repres5tative1 & he is individual1 ! fir/ man ( g5ius ( ! ,lat9 race to foll[ ,jesus ,*ri/1 & to re-set 8 ideas 9 ! language native to t race4 ,sid5ote3 ,c>?age ,t]tullian 0 born ab\t ! middle ( ! second c5tury ,a4,d4 at ,c>?age1 or 9 its neighb\rhood4 ,! city at all ev5ts is ! sc5e ( 8 life--a great city ) a great hi/ory4 ,tyre 9 ,africa is "o ( 8 phrases = ,c>?age & h] si/]-cities1 & he quotes ,virgil's description ( ,dido's t[n /udiis asp]rima belli4#b ,b 8 ,c>?age 0 n t ( ,dido & ,hannibal4 ,x 0 ! re-f\nd$ city ( ,julius ,caes>1 n[ itself two hundr$ ye>s old--a place ) a "* ( its own famili> to ! read] ( ,apuleius & ( ,augu/9e's ,confessions1--a "* confirm$ by ! ref]5ces ( ,t]tullian to its amusem5ts & its daily sights4 ,:at sea-capta9 is !re t does n c>ry 8 mir? ev5 to ! po9t ( %ame8 ,e day we see ! frolics 9 :i* sailors take _! pleasure4#c ,s*ol>s h play$ ) ! fancy t !y c\ld trace 9 ,t]tullian's "w ! influ5ce ( "s ,semitic /ra91 z o!rs ) equal reason h f\nd #cjh traces ( ! ,celt 9 ,virgil & ,livy4 ,t]tullian himself has p]haps ev5 few] ref]5ces to ,punic spee* & p ?an ,apuleius1 :ile1 l ,apuleius1 he wrote 9 bo? ,greek & ,lat91#d & x is possible t1 l ,apuleius1 & ,p]petua ! m>tyr1 he spoke bo?4 ,j]ome tells u t ,t]tullian 0 ! son ( a c5turion4#e ,he tells u himself1 incid5tally & by implication1 t he 0 ! *ild ( hea!n p>5ts4 ,idolatry1 he says1 is ! midwife t br+s all m5 into ! _w2 & he gives a v curi\s picture ( ! pagan c]emonies t w5t ) *ild-bir?1 ! fillet on ! "m's womb1 ! cries to ,luc9a1 ! table spread = ,juno1 ! horoscope1 & f9ally ! d$ication ( a hair ( ! *ild1 or ( all 8 hair toge!r1 z ! rites ( clan or family may require4#f ,?us f ! v fir/ ! boy is d$icat$ to a g5ius1 & to ! evil he inh]its ?r\gh ! transmission ( 8 bodily nature is add$ ! influ5ce ( a false daemon--?\gh !re /ill is good innate 9 ! s\l1 ! ar*etypal good1 div9e & g]mane1 ess5tially natural2 = :at comes f ,god is n s mu* ext+ui%$ z ov]%ad[$4#g ,! *ildr5 ( ,*ri/ian p>5ts h s f>1 he indicates1 a bett] beg9n+2 !y are holy 9 virtue ( _! /ock & ( _! upbr++4#h ,) himself x _h n be5 s4 ,x is curi\s to f9d ! great controv]siali/ ( lat] days recall+ nurs]y tales1 h[ amid ! difficulties ( sleep "o he>d f "o's nurse ab\t ! wit*'s t[]s & ! combs ( ! sun--recall+ too ! *ildr5's witticisms ab\t ! apples t gr[ 9 ! sea & ! fi%es t gr[ on ! tree4#i ,!y come back into 8 m9d z he ?9ks ( ! speculations ( ,val5t9us & 8 foll[]s4 ,sid5ote3 ,8 tra9+ ,8 education 0 t ( 8 day1--lavi% rhetoric1 & k ( t v wide "* :i* 9 all 8 contempor>ies is p]haps too sugge/ive ( manual & #cji cyclopa$ia#aj--works nev] s abundant 9 antiquity z !n4 ,b he 0 well taught1 z a brilliant boy des]v$1 & 8 range ( int]e/s is rem>kable4 ,nor is he ov]:elm$ by miscellane\s erudition1 l ,aulus ,gellius = in/ance1 or l ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria1 to come to a man m on 8 own level4 ,he is ma/] ( ! great lit]ature ( ,rome2 he has read ! hi/orians & ,cic]o2 he c quote ,virgil ) tell+ effect4 ,usque adeone mori mis]um e/8 he asks ( ! ,*ri/ian :o hesitates to be m>tyr$2#aa a h9t f ! _w he says4 ,soon] or lat]1 he read ,v>ro's books1 ! arm\ry ( e ,lat9 ,*ri/ian aga9/ poly!ism4 ,he look$ into m$ic9e1 he tells u1 & a good _m passages 9 8 treatises rem9d u ( ! fact4#ab ,x may help to expla9 an explicitness 9 ! use ( t]ms m usual 9 ! physician p]haps ?an 9 ! layman4 ,b 8 c>e] lay n 9 m$ic9e b 9 law1 & he caught ! _s ( 8 pr(ession4 ,x has be5 debat$ :e!r ! ,t]tullian1 ^: treatise de ca/r5si peculio is quot$ 9 ! ,dige/1 is ! apologi/ or ano!r1 b no legal treatises are ne$$ to conv9ce ! read] h[ ?or\ghly a lawy] 0 ! au?or ( ! !ological works4 ,he has e art & e artifice ( 8 trade4 ,he c reason quietly & s\ndly1 he c declaim1 he c d bo? toge!r4 ,he is a ma/] ( logic1 delight+ 9 huge *a9s ( alt]natives4 ,he c quibble & wre/ ! obvi\s mean+ ( a docum5t to p]fection1 br[beat an oppon5t1 argue ad hom9em1#ac evade a cle> issue1 & anticipate & escape an obvi\s objection1 z well z any lawy] t ev] practis$4 ,aga9 & aga9 he impresses u z a special plead]1 & we feel t he is =c+ u away f ! evid5ce ( our own s5se & intellig5ce to a conclusion :i* he pref]s on o!r gr\nds4 ,8 #caj epigrams rival ,tacitus1 & !re is ev5 9 8 rhetoric a conviction & a passion :i* ,cic]o nev] rea*es4 ,! sudd5ness ( 8 que/ions1 & ! amaz+ read9ess ( 8 je/s1 savage1 subtle1 ironic1 good-natur$1 brilliant or commonplace1#ad impress ! read] aga9 & aga91 h[ev] well he kn[s him4 ,yet ,t]tullian nev] loses sight ( 8 object1 :atev] ! flights ( rhetoric or hum\r on :i* he v5tures4 ,9 "o case1 he pla9ly says t 8 end w be/ be a*iev$ by ridicule4 ,put x d[n1 read]1 z a %am fight be=e ! battle4 ,i w %[ h[ to deal w\nds1 b ,i w n deal !m4 ,if !re %all be laught]1 ! matt] itself %all be ! apology4 ,!re are _m ?+s t des]ve s to be refut$2 gravity w\ld be too high a complim5t4 ,vanity & mir? may g toge!r4 ,yes1 & x becomes ,tru? to laugh1 because %e is glad1 to play ) h] rivals1 because %e is free f fe>4#ae ,!n1 ) a caution z to becom+ laught]1 he laun*es into 8 mo/ amus+ book--t aga9/ ! ,val5t9ians4 ,sid5ote3 ,8 /yle ,t]tullian rivals ,apuleius 9 brilliant ma/]y ( ! elaborate & artificial rhetoric ( ! day4 ,he has ! same tricks ( rhym+ clauses & balanc+ phrases4 ,?us3 att5te cu/oditur quod t>de inv5itur2#af or m fully3 spiritus enim dom9atur1 c>o famulatur2 tam5 utrumque int] se communicant reatum1 spiritus ob imp]ium1 c>o ob m9i/]ium4#ag ,"h ! vanities ( 8 pagan tra9+ subs]ve true ?\ght4 ,else:]e !y are m playful1 z :5 he sugge/s to ^?1 :o l ! pagans took (f _! cloaks to pray1 t ,god he>d ! ?ree sa9ts 9 ! fi]y furnace ( ! ,babylonian k+ ?\gh !y pray$ cum s>ab>is et ti>is suis--9 turbans & tr\s]s4#ah ,b :5 he gives u su* a /r+ ( phrases z aut ,platonis honor1 aut ,z5onis vigor1 aut ,ari/otelis t5or1 aut ,epicuri /upor1 aut ,h]acliti mo]or1 aut ,emp$oclis furor1#ai "o feels t he is = ! mom5t little bett] ?an "o ( ! wick$4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( 8 tract on ,baptism1 aft] speak+ #caa ( wat] he pulls himself up abruptly--he is afraid1 he says1 t ! read] may fancy he is compos+ laudes aquae 79 ! mann] ( rhetorical adoxography7 r ?an discuss+ ! pr9ciples ( baptism4#bj ,8 tract de ,pallio is frankly a humor\s excursion into old me?ods1 9 :i* ! eld]ly ,montani/1 :o has left (f we>+ ! toga1 ju/ifies himself = 8 highly cons]vative & entirely suitable conduct 9 adopt+ ! pallium4 ,! /]n ,t]tullian appe>s "h 9 ! "* t 8 pagan fri5ds _h long ago kn[n1 & t 8 ,*ri/ian read]s might feel some:]e or o!r 9 ev]y?+ t he writes4 ,!re is a good-temp]$ playfulness ab\t ! piece1 a fund ( spl5did nons5se1 :i* sugge/ ! fell[-citiz5 ( ,apuleius r ?an ! presbyt]4#ba ,b e>ne/ness1 :i* is n incompatible ) hum\r1 is 8 /rong *>act]i/ic1 & :5 x arms itself ) an irony s p[]ful z t ( ,t]tullian1 ! result is amaz+4 ,sometimes he exce$s all b\nds1 z :5 9 8 ,ad ,nationes he turns t irony ^u ! horrible *>ges1 :i* ! pagans1 kn[+ !m to be false1 br+ aga9/ ! ,*ri/ians1 :ile he1 pret5d+ = ! mom5t t !y are true1 invites 8 antagoni/s to ?9k !m out to _! consequ5ces & to act ^u !m4#bb ,or aga9 take ! spee* ( ,*ri/ on ! judgm5t day1 9 :i* ! ,"l is pictur$ z say+ t he _h inde$ entru/$ ! ,gospel once = all to ! ,apo/les1 b _h ?\ght bett] ( x & made "s *anges--z ( c\rse1 ,t]tullian sugge/s1 he really w\ld h to say1 if x c\ld be suppos$ t ! late/ h]etics 7 "r aft] all4#bc ,b1 :atev] be said or ?\ght ( ! rhetoric1 playful or e>ne/1 x has ano!r "* ?an x we>s 9 8 contempor>ies4 ,= "h 0 a f> m p[]ful bra91 /rong1 cle> & well-tra9$1 & a he>t ^: t5d]ness & s5sibility h nev] _h ju/ice4 ,9 "s ways he v mu* sugge/s ,?omas ,c>lyle--he has ! same passion1 ! same vivid imag9ation & ke5 s5sibility1 ! same e>ne/ness & ! same loyalty to tru? z he sees x reg>dless ( #cab consequ5ce & compromise1--& alas6 ! same natural faculty = be+ 9 a hurry1 :i* ,c>lyle deplor$1 & ,t]tullian be=e him--,i1 poor wret*1 always sick ) ! fev] ( impati5ce#bd--! same fatal gift = pung5t phrase1 & ! same burn+ & indignant sympa?y = ! victim ( wrong & cruelty4#be ,! beautiful feel+1 :i* he %[s 9 h&l+ ! p>ables ( ! lo/ %eep & ! prodigal son1 9 sett+ =? f !m ! lov+ fa!rhood ( ,god1#bf might surprise "s ( 8 critics4 ,nor has e great ,*ri/ian ( lat] & m humane days be5 capable ( writ+ z he wrote ( victory 9 battle aga9/ =eign]s--,is ! laurel ( triumph made ( leaves--or ! dead bodies ( m58 ,) ribbons is x adorn$--or ) graves8 ,is x b$ew$ ) ungu5ts1 or ! te>s ( wives & mo!rs8--p]haps too ( "s :o are ,*ri/ians1 = ev5 among ! b>b>ians is ,*ri/4#bg ,!re are aga9 among 8 books "s :i* h an appeal & a t5d] *>m ?r\gh\t t haunt ! read]--t is1 if he has himself pass$ ?r\gh any su* exp]i5ce z w enable him to ent] into :at 0 9 ,t]tullian's m9d & he>t z he wrote4 ,s truly & intimately does he "k & ) su* sympa?y does he express "s ( ! deepe/ religi\s emotions4#bh ,sid5ote3 ,8 e>ly life ,f "t to "t ,t]tullian drops a /ray allusion to 8 e>li] ye>s4 ,he 0 a pagan--de ve/ris sumus--"o ( y\rselves 7,apol4 #ah72 ! k9d ( man ,i 0 myself once1 bl9d & )\t ! light ( ! ,"l4#bi ,a ,roman city1 & ,c>?age p]haps 9 p>ticul>1 (f]$ to a gift$ y\? ( ,roman ways ( ?9k+ endless opportunities ( self-indulg5ce4 ,t]tullian speaks ( :at he _h se5 9 ! ar5a--! condemn$ crim9al1 dress$ z "s h]o or god ( ! my?ology1 mutilat$ or burn$ alive1 = ! amusem5t ( a %\t+ #cac audi5ce1#cj exult+ 9 human blood4#ca ,we h laugh$1 amid ! mock+ cruelties ( noonday1 at ,m]cury z he exam9$ ! bodies ( ! dead ) 8 burn+ iron2 we h se5 ,jove's bro!r too1 ) 8 mallet1 haul+ out ! corpses ( gladiators4#cb ,9 lat] days :5 he speaks ( su* ?+s1 he %udd]s & leaves ! subject r ?an rememb] :at he has se5--malo non impl]e quam mem9isse4#cc ,he knew ! !atre ( ! ,roman city--! consi/ory ( all uncleanness he calls x4 ,:y %\ld x be lawful 7= a ,*ri/ian71 he ask$1 to see :at x is s9 to d8 ,:y %\ld ! ?+s1 :i* 'com+ out ( ! m\? defile a man1' seem n to defile a man :5 he takes !m 9 ?r\gh eyes & e>s8#cd ,he speaks ( ,trag$ies & ,com$ies1 tea*+ guilt & lu/1 bloody & wanton2 & ! read] ( ! ,gold5 ,ass c recall f fiction cases wond]fully illum9ative ( :at c\ld h be5 se5 9 fact4 ,:5 he apo/rophizes ! s9n]1 he speaks ( himself4 ,y1 he cries1 y1 ! s9n]1 l me--no6 less s9n] ?an ,i1 = ,i recognize my own pre-em95ce 9 guilt4#ce ,he is1 he says1 a s9n] ( e br&1 born = no?+ b rep5tance4#cf ,to say1 ) ,pr(essor ,hort1 on ! evid5ce ( su* passages t ,t]tullian 0 app>5tly a man ( vici\s life might involve a simil> condemnation ( ,bunyan & ,/ ,paul2 :ile to f9d ! *>ge pa9fully confirm$ by ! f\lness :i* ev] aft]w>ds infe/$ 8 m9d is to exagg]ate absurdly 9 ! fir/ place1 & 9 ! second to =get su* p>allels z ,swift & ,c>lyle1 :o bo? c>ri$ explicit spee* to a po9t beyond ord9>y m51 :ile nei!r is op5 to su* a sugge/ion z t br\ght aga9/ ,t]tullian4 ,) su* cases z ,apuleius1 ,hadrian or ev5 ,julius ,caes> be=e u1 x is impossible to ma9ta9 t ,t]tullian's e>ly life mu/ h be5 spotless1 b x is possible to fancy m wrong ?an !re 04 ,! excesses ( a man ( g5ius are g5]ally t\*$ by ! #cad imag9ation1 & !re9 lies at once _! peculi> dang]1 & also some?+ r$emptive t promises ano!r future4 ,t]tullian at any rate m>ri$--:51 we _c say2 b1 z a ,*ri/ian & a ,montani/1 he address$ a book to 8 wife1 & 9 8 ,de ,anima he twice alludes to ! ways ( small infants 9 a mann] :i* sugge/s p]sonal k4 ,9 ! "o he speaks ) curi\s obs]vation ( ! s5se-p]ception ( v "y babies2 9 ! o!r he appeals to _! movem5ts 9 sleep1 _! tremors & smiles1 z evid5ce t !y also h dreams4 ,su* passages if met 9 ,augu/9e's pages w\ld n s mu* surprise u4 ,!y sugge/ t ! dep? & t5d]ness ( ,t]tullian's nature h n be5 fully und]/ood4#cg ,sid5ote3 ,! evid5ce ( nature ,mean:ile1 :atev] 8 amusem5ts1 ! "y lawy] _h 8 s]i\s int]e/s4 ,if he 0 already acquir+ ! arts ( a successful plead]1 ! m real aspects ( ,law 7 mak+ _! impression ^u him4 ,! great & ord]$ conceptions ( pr9ciple & h>mony1 :i* fill ! m9ds ( reflective /ud5ts ( law 9 all ages1 7 !n re9=c$ by ! ,/oic tea*+ ( ! unity ( ,nature 9 ! indwell+ ( ! ,sp]maticos ,logos ) its univ]sal scope & p[]4 ,law & ,/oicism1 9 ?is union1 =m$ ! m9d & "* ( ,t]tullian4 ,9 lat] days1 "u ! /ress ( controv]sy 7:i* he always enjoy$7 he c\ld f9d po9ts 9 :i* to criticize 8 ,/oic tea*]s2 b ! contra/ betwe5 ! language he uses ( ,plato & 8 fri5dl9ess 7= in/ance7 = ,s5eca saepe no/]#ch is sugge/ive4 ,b t is n all4 ,a ,roman lawy] c\ld h>dly speculate except 9 ! t]ms ( ,/oicism--x 0 8 natural & pr$e/9$ language4 ,above all1 ! con/ant citation ( ,nature by ,t]tullian %[s :o _h taught him 9 ! fir/ in/ance to ?9k4 ,:51 ye>s aft]1 9 #bab ,a4,d41 he told ,scapula t x is a fundam5tal human "r1 a privilege ( ,nature1 t any & e man %\ld wor%ip :at he ?9ks "r1 he _h sub-consci\sly gone back to ! great ,/oic ,jus ,naturae4#ci #cae ,nature is ! orig9al au?ority--side by side1 he w\ld say 9 8 lat] ye>s1 ) ! inspir$ ^w ( ,god1--yet ev5 s x 0 n ! p5 ( ,moses t initiat$ ! k ( ! ,creator4444 ,! va/ majority ( mank9d1 ?\gh !y h nev] he>d ! "n ( ,moses--to say no?+ ( 8 book--"k ! ,god ( ,moses none ! less4#dj ,"o ( 8 fav\rite argum5ts re/s on :at he calls ! te/imonium animae naturalit] ,*ri/ianae--! te/imony ( ! s\l :i* 9 its ultimate & true nature is ess5tially ,*ri/ian2 & ?is argum5t re/s on 8 g5]al conception ( ,nature4 ,let a man reflect on ! maje/y ( ,nature1 = x is f ,nature t ! au?ority ( ! s\l comes4 ,:at y give to ! tea*]1 y mu/ all[ to ! pupil4 ,nature is ! tea*]1 ! s\l ! pupil4 ,& :atev] ! "o has taught or ! o!r le>nt1 comes f ,god1 :o is ! tea*] ( ! tea*] 7i4e4 ,nature72#da & nei!r ,god nor ,nature c lie4#db ,an ext5sion ( ?is is to be f\nd 9 8 rem>k1 9 a mu* m homely connexion1 t if ! common consci\sness 7consci5tia communis7 be consult$1 we %all f9d ,nature itself tea*+ u t m9d & s\l are liveli] & m intellig5t :5 ! /oma* is n heavily load$4#dc ,! appeal to ! cons5sus ( m51 z ! expression ( ! univ]sal & ! natural1 & !re=e z evid5ce to tru?1 is ess5tially ,/oic4 ,ov] & ov] he lays /ress ^u natural law4 ,all ?+s are fix$ 9 ! tru? ( ,god1#dd he says1 & our ,god is ! ,god ( ,nature4#de ,he id5tifies ! natural & ! rational--all ! prop]ties ( ,god mu/ be rational j z !y are natural1 t is a cle> pr9ciple 7regula72#df ! rational elem5t mu/ be c\nt$ natural because x is native to ! s\l f ! beg9n+--com+ z x does f a rational au?or 7auctore74#dg ,he objects to ,m>cion t ev]y?+ is s sudd5--s spasmodic--9 8 s*eme ( ?+s4#dh ,= himself1 he holds ) ,paul 7do? n ,nature tea* y87 t law is natural & ,nature legal1 t #caf ,god's law is publi%$ 9 ! univ]se1 & writt5 on ! natural tables ( ! he>t4#di ,?is cle> & /rong conception ( ,nature gives him a sure gr\nd = deal+ ) antagoni/s4 ,!re 7 ^? :o d5i$ ! reality ( ,*ri/'s body1 & declaim$ ^u ! ugly & pollut+ features 9 *ild-bir?--c\ld ! inc>nation ( ,god h be5 subject$ to ?is8#ej ,b ,nature ne$s no blu%--,natura v5]&a e/ non erubesc5da2 !re is no?+ %ameful 9 bir? or procreation1 unless !re is lu/4#ea ,on ! contr>y1 ! travail+ woman %\ld be hon\r$ = h] p]il1 & c\nt$ holy z ,nature sugge/s4#eb ,"h once m we h an in/ance ( ,t]tullian's sympa?y & t5d]ness = woman1 :om he p]haps nev] includes 9 8 mo/ sweep+ attacks & condemnations4 ,simil>ly1 he is n c>ri$ away by ! extreme asceticism ( ! religions ( 8 day into contempt = ! fle%4 ,x is ! sett+ 9 :i* ,god has plac$ ! %ad[ ( 8 own s\l1 ! brea? ( 8 own _s--c x really be s vile8 ,yet is ! s\l set1 or n r bl5d$ & m+l$ ) ! fle%1 s t x may be que/ion$ :e!r ! fle% c>ries ! s\l or ! s\l ! fle%1 :e!r ! fle% s]ves ! s\l1 or ! s\l s]ves ! fle%4444 ,:at use ( ,nature1 :at enjoym5t ( ! univ]se1 :at sav\r ( ! elem5ts1 does ! s\l n enjoy by ! ag5cy ( ! fle%8 ,?9k1 he says1 ( ! s]vices r5d]$ to ! s\l by ! s5ses1 by spee*1 by all ! arts1 int]e/s & +5uities dep5d5t on ! fle%2 ?9k ( :at ! fle% does by liv+ & dy+4#ec ,! ,jove ( ,phidias is n ! _w's great deity1 because ! ivory is s mu*1 b because ,phidias is s great2 & did ,god give less ( h& & ?\ght1 ( provid5ce & love1 to ! matt] ( :i* he made man8 ,:atev] %ape ! clay took1 ,*ri/ 0 9 8 m9d z ! future man4#ed ,"s ( ^! passages come f works ( ,t]tullian's lat] ye>s1 :5 he 0 evid5tly lean+ m ?an ( old to ascetic !ory4 ,!y are !re=e ! m significant4 #cag ,if he wrote z a pagan at all1 :at he wrote is lo/2 b x is n pu%+ conjecture too f> to sugge/ t 8 int]e/ 9 ,/oicism prec$es 8 ,*ri/ian p]iod1 :5 su* an int]e/ is s cle>ly m ak9 to ! b5t ( ! ,roman lawy] ?an ! ,*ri/ian ( ! second c5tury4 ,sid5ote3 ,! goodness ( ! ,creator ,! rationality & ! ord] ( ! ,univ]se are commonplaces ( ,/oic tea*]s1 &1 9 measure1 its beauty4 ,( ?is la/ ,t]tullian %[s 9 a rem>kable passage h[ s5sible he 04 ,m>cion condemns ! ,god :o creat$ ?is _w4 ,b1 says ,t]tullian1 "o fl[] ( ! h$ge-r[ by itself1 ,i ?9k--,i d n say a fl[] ( ! mead[s2 "o %ell ( any sea y l1--,i d n say ! ,r$ ,sea2 "o fea!r ( a moor-f[l--to say no?+ ( a peacock1--w !y speak to y ( a mean ,creator8 ,copy if y c ! build+s ( ! bee1 ! b>ns ( ! ant1 ! webs ( ! spid]4 ,:at ( sky1 e>? & sea8 ,if ,i (f] y a rose1 y w n scorn its ,creator6#ee ,x is surely possible to feel m ?an ! controv]siali/ "h4 ,x 0 ,goodness t spoke ! ^w2 ,goodness t =m$ man f ! clay into ?is consi/5cy ( fle%1 furni%$ out ( "o mat]ial ) s _m qualities2 ,goodness t brea!d into him a s\l1 n dead1 b alive2 ,goodness t set him ov] all ?+s1 to enjoy !m1 to rule !m1 ev5 to give !m _! names2 ,goodness1 too1 t w5t fur!r & add$ delight to man 444 & provid$ a helpmeet = him4#ef ,( 8 conceptions ( law some?+ w be said at a lat] po9t4 ,x %\ld be cle> h[ev] t a man ) su* int]e/s 9 a pr(ession1 9 speculation1 9 ! beauty & ! law ( ,nature1 c\ld h>dly at any "t be a c>eless h$oni/1 ev5 if1 l mo/ m5 conv]t$ 9 mid-life1 he kn[s regret & rep5tance4 ,on ! side ( religion1 little p]haps c be said4 ,he _h laugh$ at ! gods burlesqu$ 9 ! ar5a4 ,to ,mi?ras p]haps he gave m att5tion4 ,9 discuss+ ! soldi]'s cr[n he is able to quote an analogy f ! rites ( ,mi?ras1 9 :i* a cr[n 0 reject$1 & 9 :i* "o grade ( #cah initiates 7 kn[n z soldi]s4#eg ,else:]e he speaks ( ! oblation ( bread & ! symbol ( resurrection 9 ^? rites1 &1 if ,i /ill rememb]1 ,mi?ras !re seals 8 soldi]s on ! br[4#eh ,si mem9i is a colloquialism1 :i* %\ld n be press$1 b ! adhuc ins]t$ may make x a m real & p]sonal record4 ,to ,*ri/ian ideas he gave little att5tion4 ,!re 7 ,*ri/ians r\nd ab\t him1 no d\bt 9 numb]s1 b !y did n greatly int]e/ him4 ,he seems1 h[ev]1 to h look$ some:at c>elessly into _! tea*+1 b he laugh$ at resurrection1 at judgm5t & retribution 9 an et]nal life4#ei ,he 0 f> f /udy+ ! ,scriptures--nobody1 he said lat] on1 comes to !m unless he is already a ,*ri/ian4#fj ,ju/9 devot$ ab\t a half ( 8 ,apology to prove ! fulfilm5t ( ,old ,te/am5t prophecy 9 ! life ( ,jesus--an ,apology address$ to a pagan ,emp]or4 ,t]tullian1 9 8 ,apology1 gives f\r *apt]s to ! subject1 & "o ( ^! seems to be an alt]native draft4 ,! diff]5ce is expla9$ by ,ju/9's n>rative ( 8 conv]sion1 9 :i* he tells u h[ x 0 by ! pa? ( ! ,scriptures & ,judaism t he1 l ,tatian & ,!ophilus1 came to ! *ur*4 ,t]tullian's /ory is diff]5t1 &1 n expect+ pagans to pay att5tion to a "w 9 su* deplorable /yle#fa z ! ,lat9 ,bible1 :i* he _h himself ignor$1 he us$ o!r argum5ts1 ! weight ( :i* he knew f exp]i5ce4 ,9 8 de ,pallio1 address$ to a pagan audi5ce1 z we h se51 he alludes to ,adam & ! fig-leaves1 b he does n m5tion ,adam's "n & rapidly passes on--,b ?is is esot]ic--nor is x ev]ybody's to "k x4#fb ,sid5ote3 ,! m>tyrs ,t]tullian is nev] autobiographical except by accid5t1 yet x is possible to ga!r f 8 allusions h[ he became a ,*ri/ian4 ,9 8 address to ,scapula#fc he says t ! fir/ gov]nor to draw ! sword on ! ,*ri/ians ( ,africa 0 ,vigellius ,saturn9us4 ,dr ,armitage ,rob9son's discov]y ( ! orig9al ,lat9 text ( ! ,acts ( ! ,scillitan ,m>tyrs1 :o #cai suff]$ "u ,saturn9us1 has enabl$ u to put a date to ! ev5t1 = we read t x took place 9 ! ,consul%ip ( ,praes5s 78 second t]m7 & ( ,claudianus--t is 9 #ahj ,a4,d41 ! ye> ( ! dea? ( ,m>cus ,aurelius4 ,^! ,acts are ( ! briefe/ & mo/ p]functory "*4 ,"o aft] ano!r1 a bat* ( q obscure ,*ri/ians 9 ! fewe/ possible words confess _! fai?1 are condemn$1 say ,deo ,gratias1 & !n--s all ( !m 7 cr[n$ toge!r 9 m>tyrdom & reign ) ! ,fa!r & ! ,son & ! ,holy ,_s = ev] & ev]4 ,am54 ,t is all4 ,!y 7 m5 & wom51 "s ( !m p]haps ( ,punic extraction--,n>tzalus & ,citt9us h n a ,roman s\nd4 ,aft] ?is1 x w\ld seem t 9 ,africa1 z else:]e1 p]secution recurr$ int]mitt5tly2 x might be ! gov]nor :o began x1 or ! *ance cry ( an unkn[n p]son 9 a mob1 & !n ! p1 wild & sudd5 z ! ,gad>5e sw9e & = ! same reason 7,*ri/ians said71#fd w\ld fl+ !mselves into unspeakable orgies ( blood%$ & de/ruction4 ,:at 0 m1 no "o c\ld =etell ! h\r--x might be ye>s be=e x happ5$ aga92 x might be n[4 ,& ! ,*ri/ians 7 surpris+ly ready1 :5ev] x came4 ,sometimes !y argu$ a little1 sometimes !y said h>dly any?+4 ,*ri/iana sum1 0 all t "o ( ! ,scillitan wom5 said4 ,b "o ?+ /ruck ev]ybody--_! firmness1 ob/9atio4#fe ,"s1 l ! philosophic ,emp]or1 might call x p]v]sity2 he1 z we h se51 f\nd x ?9 & !atrical1 & contra/$ x ) ! read9ess t proce$$ f inw>d conviction1 ( a temp] rational & grave#ff--;an int]e/+ judgm5t f ! mo/ self-consci\s & virtu\s ( m54 ,on o!r m5 x made a v diff]5t impression--on m51 t is1 m op5 ?an ! ,caes> ( ! passionless face#fg to impression1 m5 ( a m s5sitive & imag9ative make1 quick] 9 p5etrat+ ! feel+ ( o!rs4 ,t]tullian1 9 two %ort passages1 writt5 at diff]5t dates1 %[s h[ ! m>tyrs--p]haps ^! v ,scillitan #cbj m>tyrs--mov$ him4 ,t v ob/9acy ) :i* y taunt u1 is y\r tea*]4 ,= :o is n /irr$ up by ! contemplation ( x to f9d out :at !re is 9 ! ?+ )98 :o1 :5 he has f\nd out1 does n draw ne>8 & !n1 :5 he has drawn ne>1 desire to suff]1 t he may ga9 ! :ole grace ( ,god1 t he may receive all =giv5ess f him 9 ex*ange = 8 blood8#fh ,s he wrote 9 #aig-h ,a4,d41 & f\rte5 ye>s lat] 8 la/ words to ,scapula 7 9 ! same t5or--,none ! less ?is s*ool 7secta7 w nev] fail--no6 y mu/ le>n t !n x is built up ! m1 :5 x seems to be cut d[n4 ,e man1 :o witnesses ?is great endurance1 is /ruck ) "s misgiv+ & is set on fire to look into x1 to f9d :at is its cause2 & :5 he has le>nt ! tru?1 he in/antly foll[s x himself z well4#fi ,x w\ld be h>d to put into a s5t5ce s mu* hi/ory & s mu* "*4 ,et ipse /atim sequitur4 ,! m>tyrs made him uneasy 7scrupulo74 ,!re mu/ be m beh9d ?an he _h fanci$ f ! little he _h se5 & he>d ( _! tea*+4 ,no "o w\ld h wi%$ to be kill$ unless 9 possession ( ! tru?1 he says4#gj ,9 spite ( 8 laught] at resurrection & judgm5t1 he 0 n sure ab\t !m4 ,:5 he speaks 9 lat] life ( ! naturalis timor animae 9 deum#ga--t in/9ctive fe> ( ,god :i* ,nature has set 9 ! s\l--he is probably n himself )\t consci\sness ( %>+ "h too ! common exp]i5ce ( m52 & ?is is amply confirm$ by ! frequ5cy & e>ne/ness ) :i* he speaks ( ?+s to come aft] dea?4 ,"h h[ev] 7 m5 :o _h n ?is fe>4 ,_! ob/9acy 0 8 tea*]4 ,he look$ = ! reason1 he le>n$ ! tru? & he foll[$ x at once4 ,t en]gy is 8 "*--to be read 9 all he does4 ,l ,c>lyle's 8 writ+s h ! signature ( ! writ] 9 e ^w4 #cba ,x is ! idle/ ?+ 9 ! _w1 he says1 = a man to say1 ',i wi%$ x & yet ,i did n d x4' ,y ought to c>ry x ?r\gh 7p]fic]e7 because y wi% x1 or else n to wi% x at all because y d n c>ry x ?r\gh4#gb ,& aga93 ,:y debate8 ,god comm&s4#gc ,t]tullian obey$1 & ev] aft] he felt t m5 _h only to look into ! matt]1 to le>n & to obey4 ,all :o l y 7 ignorant 9 "t pa/1 & l y hat$1--z soon z x falls to _! lot to "k1 !y cease to hate :o cease to be ignorant4#gd ,sid5ote3 ,idolatry ,t]tullian's tract ,on ,idolatry illu/rates 8 m9d ^u ?is decisive *ange4 ,!re he deals ) ,*ri/ians :o e>n _! liv+ by mak+ idols--/atu>ies1 pa9t]s1 gild]s1 & ! l2 & :5 ! plea is sugge/$ t !y mu/ live & h no o!r way ( liv+1 he indignantly retorts t !y %\ld h ?\ght ?is out be=e4 ,viv]e ergo habes8#ge ,mu/ y live8 he asks4 ,else:]e he says !re are no mu/s :]e fai? is conc]n$4#gf ,! man :o claims to be condidonalis1#gg to s]ve ,god on t]ms1 ,t]tullian _c tol]ate4 ,*ri/ our ,ma/] call$ himself ,tru?--n ,conv5tion4#gh ,e =m ( idolatry mu/ be r5\nc$1 & idolatry took _m =ms4 ,! s*oolma/] & ! pr(essor litt]>um 7 almo/ b\nd to be disloyal to ,*ri/2 all _! holidays 7 hea!n fe/ivals1 & _! v fees 9 "p due to ,m9]va2 :ile _! bus9ess 0 to in/ruct ! y\? 9 ! lit]ature & ! sc&als ( ,olympus4 ,b might n "o /udy pagan lit]ature8 &1 if s1 :y n tea* x8 ,because1 9 tea*+ x1 a man is b\nd1 by 8 position1 to drive hea!nism deep into ! m9ds ( ! "y2 9 p]sonal /udy he deals ) no "o b himself1 & c judge & omit z he sees fit4#gi ,! dilemma ( *oos+ betwe5 lit]ature & ,*ri/ 0 a pa9ful ?+ = m5 ( lett]s = c5turies aft] ?is4#hj ,s ,t]tullian lays d[n ! law = o!rs2 :at = himself8 #cbb ,"u ! ,empire !re 7 two ways to em95ce1 ! b> & ! camp1 & ,t]tullian _h *os5 ! =m]4 ,8 rhetoric1 8 wit1 8 =ce ( m9d1 & 8 /rong grasp ( legal pr9ciples 9 g5]al & ! issue ( ! mom5t 9 p>ticul>1 might h c>ri$ him f>4 ,he might h ris5 z high z a civilian c\ld4 ,x 0 a tempt+ prospect1--! k+doms ( ! _w & ! glory ( !m--& he r5\nc$ x2 & nev] once 9 all ! books t h come d[n to u1 does he give any h9t ( look+ back1 nev] s mu* z sugge/s t he _h giv5 up any?+4 ,(ficial life 0 full ( religi\s usage1 full too ( m9or duties ( ritual :i* a ,*ri/ian might n dis*>ge4 ,t]tullian 0 n ! fir/ to see ?is4 ,a c5tury e>li] ,flavius ,clem5s1 ! c\s9 ( ,domitian1 seems to h be5 a ,*ri/ian--,dio ,cassius speaks ( 8 a!ism & ,jewi% practices1 & ,suetonius rem>ks ^u 8 contemptible in]tia1 ?\gh he 0 consul4#ha ,9 o!r words1 ! ,emp]or's c\s9 f\nd t public life meant compromise at e /ep4 ,?is is ,t]tullian's decision ( ! case--x has ! note ( 8 pr(ession ab\t x4 ,let u grant t x is possible = a man successfully to manage t1 :atev] (fice x be1 he be>s m]ely ! title ( t (fice2 t he does n sacrifice1 nor l5d 8 au?ority to sacrifices1 nor make contracts z to victims1 nor delegate ! *>ge ( temples1 nor look aft] _! tributes2 t he does n give %[s 7spectacula7 at 8 own or ! public co/1 nor preside ov] !m :5 be+ giv52 t he makes no proclamation or edict deal+ ) a fe/ival2 t he takes no oa?2 t--& ^! are ! duties ( a magi/rate--he does n sit 9 judgm5t on any man's life or hon\r 7= y might be> ) 8 judg+ 9 matt]s ( money72 t he pron\nces no s5t5ce ( condemnation nor any z legislator t %\ld t5d to condemnation2 t he b9ds no man1 imprisons no man1 tortures#hb no man--if all ?is c be manag$1 a ,*ri/ian may be a magi/rate4#hc ,t]tullian made 8 r5unciation & held no magi/racy4 ,x may be said t1 z he held none1 x 0 easy to r5\nce x2 b hopes are (t5 h>d] to r5\nce ?an realities4 ,s ,t]tullian left ! law & ! ,/oics1 to /udy #cbc ! ,scriptures1 ,ju/9 & ,ir5aeus#hd--! ,bible & ! regula fidei 8 new code1 & ! o!rs 8 comm5tators4 ,! ,*ri/ian is a /rang] 9 ?is _w1 a citiz5 ( ! city above1 ( ,j]usalem2 8 ranks1 8 magi/racies1 8 s5ate are ! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/2 8 purple ! blood ( 8 ,"l1 8 laticlave 9 ,8 cross4#he ,b ,t]tullian c\ld speak1 on occasion1 ( :at he _h done4 ,we h no fe> or t]ror ( :at we may suff] f ^? :o d n "k1 he wrote to ,scapula1 = we h jo9$ ?is s*ool 7sectam7 fully accept+ ! t]ms ( our agreem5t2 s t we come into ^! conflicts ) no fur!r "r to our own s\ls4#hf ,! conte/ 01 z he says else:]e1 aga9/ ! in/itutions ( our ance/ors1 ! au?ority ( usage1 ! laws ( rul]s1 ! argum5ts ( ! wise2 aga9/ antiquity1 cu/om1 necessity2 aga9/ prec$5ts1 prodigies & miracles1#hg & he did n ne$ ,celsus to rem9d him :at =m ! resi/ance ( ! enemy might take4 ,he knew1 = he _h se51 & t 0 :y he /ood :]e he did4 ,b x is wor? our :ile to und]/& h[ vividly he realiz$ ! possibilities be=e him4 ,!re 7 ! private risks ( in=m]s & blackmail]s1 ,jews#hh & soldi]s1 to :i* ! ,*ri/ians 7 expos$4#hi ,!y 7 always liable to be trapp$ 9 _! meet+s--e day we are besieg$2 e day we are betray$2 mo/ ( all 9 our actual ga!r+s & congregations are we surpris$4#ij ,h[ are we to meet at all1 asks ! anxi\s ,*ri/ian1 unless we buy (f ! soldi]s8 ,by night1 says ,t]tullian1 or let ?ree be y\r *ur*4#ia ,!n came ! appe>ance be=e ! magi/rate1 :]e ev]y?+ turn$ on ! "* or ! mood ( ! (ficial4 ,t]tullian quotes to ,scapula sev]al in/ances ( k9dness on ! b5*1 r\gh & ready1 or high-pr9cipl$4#ib ,any?+ might #cbd happ5--!n1 wrote ,p]petua1 he _h all our names recit$ toge!r & condemn$ u to ! bea/s4#ic ,:at foll[$ 9 ! ar5a may be read 9 v>i\s ,acts ( ,m>tyrdom--9 ! /ory ( ,p]petua h]self1 z told 9 t5se & quiet language by ,t]tullian4 ,he1 x is g5]ally agre$1 edit$ h] visions1 pres]v+ :at %e wrote z %e left x1 & add+ 9 a po/script :at happ5$ :5 %e _h laid d[n h] p5 = ev]4 ,! sc5e ) ! bea/s is n easy to abridge1 & ?\gh n long 9 itself x is too long to quote "h2 b no "o :o has read x w =get ! episode ( ,saturus dr5*$ 9 8 own blood f ! leop>d's bite1 amid ! yells ( ! spectators1 ,salvum lotum6 salvum lotum6 nor t ( ,p]petua & ,felicitas1 mo!rs bo?1 "o a mon? or s1 ! o!r ?ree days1 /ripp$ nak$ to be toss$ by a wild c[4 ,& "h comes a curi\s t\*2 ! mob1 ) a sup]ficial delicacy1 sugge/$ clo?+2 r\gh clo?s 7 put ov] ! wom51 & ! c[ 0 let loose2 !y 7 toss$1 & !n all 7 put to ! sword4 ,sid5ote3 ,on m>tyrdom ,at ?is pres5t mom5t1 writes ,t]tullian1 x is ! v middle ( ! heat1 ! v dog-days ( p]secution--z y w\ld expect1 f ! dog-head$ himself1 ( c\rse4 ,"s ,*ri/ians h be5 te/$ by ! fire1 "s by ! sword1 "s by ! bea/s2 "s1 la%$ & torn ) hooks1 h j ta/$ m>tyrdom1 & lie hung]+ = x 9 prison4#id ,cross1 hook1 & bea/s#ie--! circus1 ! prison1 ! rack#if--! vivicomburium1#ig burn+ alive--& mean:ile ! r5egade ,jew is !re ) 8 plac>d ( ! god ( ! ,*ri/ians1 an ugly c>icature ) ! e>s & "o ho( ( an ass1 clad 9 a toga1 book 9 h&#ih--! ,gno/ic & ! n]v\s ,*ri/ian are ask+ :e!r ! text flee ye to ! next may n be ,god's pres5t c\nsel--& meantime fai? gl[s & ! *ur* is burn+ l ! bu%4#ii ,yet1 says ,t]tullian to ! hea!n1 we say1 & we say x op5ly1--:ile y are tortur+ u1 torn & ble$+1 we cry al\d ',we wor%ip ,god ?r\gh ,*ri/4'#ajj ,to #cbe ! ,*ri/ian he says3 ,! comm& is giv5 to me to "n no o!r ,god1 :e!r by act ( h&1 or ^w ( tongue 444 save ! ,"o alone1 :om ,i am bidd5 to fe>1 le/ he =sake me2 :om ,i am bidd5 to love ) all my be+1 s z to die = him4 ,i am 8 soldi]1 sworn to 8 s]vice1 & ! enemy *all5ge me4 ,i am z !y are1 if ,i surr5d] to !m4 ,9 def5ce ( my allegiance ,i fight x out to ! end 9 ! battle-l9e1 ,i am w\nd$1 ,i fall1 ,i am kill$4 ,:o wi%$ ?is end = 8 soldi]--:o b he :o seal$ him ) su* an oa? ( enli/m5t8 ,!re y h ! w ( my ,god4#aja ,& !re=e ! ,p>aclete is ne$$1 to guide into all tru?1 to animate = all endurance4 ,^?1 :o receive him1 "k n to flee p]secution1 nor to buy !mselves (f2 !y h him :o w be ) u1 to speak = u :5 we are que/ion$1 to help u :5 we suff]4#ajb;a ,he :o fe>s to suff] _c be 8 :o suff]$4#ajb;b ,! tracts ,on ,flight 9 ,p]secution & ,! ,antidote = ! ,scorpion are among 8 mo/ impressive pieces4 ,!y mu/ h be5 read by 8 fri5ds ) a /range /irr+ ( ! blood4 ,ev5 to-day !y br+ back ! situation--liv+ z only g5ius c make x live4 ,b :at ( ! man ( g5ius :o wrote !m8 ,at :at co/ 7 !y writt58 ,picture ! m>tyr1 he writes1 ) 8 head "u ! sword already pois$1 picture him on ! gibbet 8 body j outspread1 picture him ti$ to ! /ake :5 ! lion has j be5 grant$1 on ! :eel ) ! faggots pil$ ab\t him#ajc--;& no d\bt ,t]tullian saw ^! ?+s (t5 en\gh1 ) t close realization ( ea* detail ( %ame & pa9 :i* is only possible to s vivid & s5sitive an imag9ation4 ,he saw himself ti$ to ! /ake--he>d ! gov]nor 9 response to ! cry ,*ri/iana leonem#ajd conc$e ! lion--& !n _h to wait1 h[ long8 ,h[ long w\ld x take to br+ & to let loose ! lion8 ,h[ long w\ld x seem8 ,?r\gh all ?is he w5t1 9 8 m9d1 n once1 nor twice4 ,& mean:ile1 :at 0 ! audi5ce do+1 :ile he /ood !re ti$1 #cbf wait+ int]m9ably = ! lion8 ,he knew :at !y w\ld be do+1 = he _h se5 x1 & 9 ! passage at ! end ( de ,spectaculis1 :i* ,gibbon quotes1 e item ( ! description ( ! spectator is tak5 9 irony f ! actual circus4 ,no man1 tra9$1 z ! public speak] or plead] mu/ be1 to respond intimately & at once to ! feel+s & ?\ghts1 express$ or unexpress$1 ( ! audi5ce1 c\ld escape realiz+ 9 height5$ t5sion e possibility ( angui% 9 su* a cr[d ( ho/ile faces1 full ( frantic hatr$1#aje cruelty & noise4 ,to ?is ,t]tullian look$ =w>d1 z we h se51 & w5t onw>d--z ano!r did :o /eadfa/ly set 8 face = ,j]usalem4 ,! te/ ( emotion is :at x has surviv$1 & ,t]tullian's fai? 9 ,*ri/ & 8 peace ( m9d surviv$ ?is m>tyrdom ?r\gh ! imag9ation4 ,:atev] criticism has to be pass$ ^u 8 "w & _s1 to "s ( 8 critics he might reply ,ye h n yet resi/$ unto blood1 /riv+ aga9/ s94 ,s mu* did m>tyrdom mean to ! individual1 yet x 0 n m]ely a p]sonal affair4 ,x 0 ,god's *os5 way to propagate 8 *ur*--s x _h be5 =etold1 & s x 0 fulfill$4 ,no?+ :atev] is a*iev$1 says ,t]tullian to ! hea!n1 by ea* m exquisite cruelty y inv5t2#ajf on ! contr>y1 x w9s m5 = our s*ool4 ,we are made m z (t5 z y m[ u d[n2 ! blood ( ,*ri/ians is se$4#ajg ,sixte5 c5turies or s lat]1 ,?oreau 9 8 ,plea = ,capta9 ,john ,br[n1 a "w n unlike ,t]tullian's own 9 its =ce1 its surprises1 its desp]ate en]gy & high conviction1 wrote simil>ly ( ! oppon5ts ( ano!r great movem5t4 ,su* d n "k t l ! se$ is ! fruit1 & t 9 ! moral _w1 :5 good se$ is plant$1 good fruit is inevitable1 & does n dep5d on our wat]+ & cultivat+2 t :5 y plant1 or bury1 a h]o 9 8 field1 a crop ( h]oes is sure to spr+ up4 ,?is is a se$ ( su* #cbg =ce & vitality1 t x does n ask our leave to g]m9ate4 ,sid5ote3 ,on baptism ,!re 7 yet o!r possibilities 9 m>tyrdom4 ,x 0 believ$ by ,*ri/ians t 9 baptism ! s9s ( ! e>li] life 7 wa%$ away2 b :at ( s9s aft] baptism8 ,!y involv$ a t]rible risk--! _w is de/9$ to fire l ! man :o aft] baptism r5ews 8 s9s#ajh--;& x 0 (t5 felt saf] to def] baptism to ! la/ mom5t 9 consequ5ce4 ,con/ant9e 0 baptiz$ on 8 dea?-b$4 ,! po/ponem5t ( baptism is m s]viceable especially 9 ! case ( *ildr52 says ,t]tullian1 let !m become ,*ri/ians :5 !y %all be able to "k ,*ri/4 ,:y %\ld ! innoc5t age ha/5 to ! remission ( s9s8#aji ,z to s9s committ$ aft] baptism1 diff]5t views 7 held4 ,9 g5]al1 z ! *ur* grew l>g] & m compreh5sive1 x took a light] view ( s91 b ,t]tullian & 8 ,montani/ fri5ds did n1 & = ?is !y h be5 well abus$1 9 _! own day & s9ce4 ,!y held t adult]y & apo/asy 7 n v5ial matt]s1 to be =giv5 by a bi%op issu+ an edict1 l a ,pontifex ,maximus1 9 ! legal /yle1 ,i =give ! s9s ( adult]y & =nication to su* z h done p5ance1 pa5it5tia functis4#aaj ,! ,montani/ alt]native 0 n s easy2 ,god1 !y held1 p]mitt$ a second baptism1 :i* %\ld be f9al--a baptism ( blood4 ,god _h =ese5 ! weaknesses ( humanity1 ! /rategems ( ! enemy1 ! deceitfulness ( affairs1 ! sn>es ( ! _w--t fai? ev5 aft] baptism w\ld be imp]ill$1 t _m w\ld be lo/ aga9 aft] be+ sav$--:o %\ld soil ! w$d+ dress1 & provide no oil = _! lamps1 :o %\ld yet h to be s\ght ov] m\nta9 & =e/1 & c>ri$ home on ! %\ld]s4 ,he !re=e appo9t$ a second consolation1 a la/ res\rce1 ! fight ( m>tyrdom & ! baptism ( blood1 !reaft] secure4#aaa ,?is view may n appeal to u to-day2 x did n appeal to ,gno/ic1 "t-s]v] & c[>d4 ,! philosophy ( s9 involv$ is h>dly deep en\gh1 b #cbh ?is doctr9e ( ! second baptism _c be said to lack virility4 ,b ,t]tullian himself did n receive ! fir/ baptism ) any idea ( look+ = a second4 ,l m5 :o are baptiz$ ( _! own motion & und]/&+1 he 0 greatly impress$ by baptism4 ,!re is no?+1 he says1 :i* m h>d5s ! m9ds ( m5 ?an ! simplicity ( ,god's works1 :i* appe>s 9 ! do+1 & ! magnific5ce1 :i* is promis$ 9 ! effect4 ,"h too1 because1 ) su* simplicity1 )\t pomp1 )\t any novel app>atus1 & )\t co/1 a man is s5t d[n into ! wat] & baptiz$1 :ile b a few words are spok51 & rises aga9 little or no?+ clean]1 on t acc\nt 8 atta9m5t ( et]nity is ?\ght incr$ible4#aab ,x mu/ be felt t ! illu/ration decl9es f ! pr9ciple4 ,x may also be rem>k$ t ?is is a m magical view ( baptism ?an w\ld h appeal$ to ,s5eca or to 8 contempor>ies 9 ! ,*ri/ian movem5t1 & t1 z x is develop$1 x becomes ev5 /rang]4 ,t]tullian's description ( baptism is ( int]e/ 9 ! hi/ory ( ! rite4 ,! c&idate prep>es himself ) pray]1 wat*+ & ! confession ( s94#aac ,! wat]s receive ! my/]y 7sacram5tum7 ( sanctification1 :5 ,god has be5 call$ ^u4 ,! ,_s comes at once f heav5 & is ^u ! wat]s1 sanctify+ !m f himself1 & s sanctifi$ !y receive 7combibunt7 ! p[] ( sanctify+4#aad ,?is is due to :at to-day we %\ld call physical causes4 ,! und]ly+ matt]1 he says1 mu/ ( necessity absorb ! quality ( ! ov]ly+1 especially :5 ! latt] is spiritual1 & !re=e by ! subtlety ( its sub/ance m p5etrative4#aae ,we may comp>e ! en?usia/ic _s1 :i*1 ,plut>* tells u1 came up z a gas f ! *asm at ,delphi1#aaf & fur!r ! g5]al tea*+ ( ,t]tullian 7,/oic 9 orig97 ( ! corporeity ( ! s\l & ( simil> spiritual be+s4 ,he illu/rates ! influ5ce ( ! ,_s 9 ?us affect+ ! wat]s ( baptism by ! analogy ( ! unclean spirits t haunt /reams & f\nta9s1 natural & artificial1 & simil>ly affect m51 ?\gh = evil--le/ any %\ld ?9k x a h>d ?+ t ,god's holy angel %\ld be pres5t to temp] #cbi wat]s = man's salvation4#aag ,?us :5 ! c&idate has solemnly r5\nc$ ! devil1 8 pomp & 8 angels1#aah he is ?rice plung$1#aai 8 _s is wa%$ corporeally by ! wat]s m$icat$ & 8 fle% spiritually is purifi$4#abj ,x is n t 9 ! wat]s we receive ! ,holy ,_s1 b purifi$ 9 wat] "u ! angel1 we are prep>$ = ! ,holy ,_s4444 ,! angel1 t is arbit] ( baptism1 prep>es ! way = ! ,_s t %all come4#aba ,on leav+ ! wat] ! ,*ri/ian is ano9t$ 7signaculum74 ,! h& ( bless+ is laid ^u him1 & 9 response to pray] ! ,holy ,_s desc5ds ) joy f ! ,fa!r to re/ ^u ! purifi$ & ble/4#abb ,sid5ote3 ,r5\nc+ ! _w ,t]tullian nev] =got ! baptismal pl$ge 9 :i* he r5\nc$ ! devil1 8 pomp & 8 angels2 &1 = 8 "p1 he nev] %[$ any t5d5cy to make compromise ) !m--:5 he recogniz$ !m1 = sometimes he seems n to h p5etrat$ _! disguises4 ,aga9 & aga9 8 pl$ge comes back to him4 ,:at has ! ,*ri/ian to d ) circus or !atre1 :o has r5\nc$ ! devil1 8 pomp & 8 angels1 :5 bo? places are specially consecrat$ to ^!1 :5 !re1 above all1 wick$ness1 lu/ & cruelty reign )\t res]ve8#abc ,h[ c ! mak] ( idols1 ! temple-pa9t]1 etc41 be said to h r5\nc$ ! devil & 8 angels1 if !y make _! liv+ by !m8#abd ,we h se5 ! difficulty ( ! s*oolma/] "h4 ,! g5]al "q ( trade tr\bles ,t]tullian--its cupidity1 ! lie t m9i/]s to cupidity1 to say no?+ ( p]jury4#abe ,( a/rolog]s1 he w\ld h ?\ght1 no?+ ne$$ to be said--b t he _h )9 ^! few days he>d "s "o claim ! "r to cont9ue 9 ! pr(ession4 ,he rem9ds him ( ! s\rce ( 8 magical in=mation--! fall5 angels4#abf ,"o mu/ n ev5 "n !m--to say ,m$itis fidius is idolatry1 = x is a pray]2 b to say ,i live 9 ! /reet ( ,isis is n s9--x is s5se4#abg ,_m inv5tions 7 attribut$ by pagans to _! gods4 ,if e implem5t ( life is set d[n to "s god1 yet ,i /ill mu/ recognize ,*ri/ ly+ on a c\*--or :5 he br+s a bas9 #ccj to 8 disciples' feet1 or p\rs wat] f ! jug1 & is gird$ ) l95--,osiris' own peculi> g>b4#abh ,9 fact1 common utility1 & ! s]vice ( ord9>y ne$s & com=ts1 may lead u to look ^u ?+s 7to :omsoev] attribut$7 z really due to ! inspiration ( ,god himself :o =esees1 in/ructs & gives pleasure to man1 :o is aft] all ,8 own4#abi ,?us common s5se & 8 doctr9e ( ,nature come to 8 aid4 ,s amid rocks & bays1 amid ! %oals & break]s ( idolatry1 fai? /e]s h] c\rse1 h] sails fill$ by ! ,_s ( ,god4#acj ,sid5ote3 ,! ,apology ,t]tullian _h be5 a lawy] & a plead]1 z we are rem9d$ 9 _m a page1 :]e ! man ( lett]s is ov]ridd5 by ! man ( codes & argum5ts2 & a lawy] he rema9$4 ,! ,gospel1 = in/ance1 bade t1 if any man take ! tunic1 he %\ld be all[$ to take ! cloak also4 ,yes1 says ,t]tullian1 if he asks--if he ?reat5s1 ,i w ask = ! tunic back4#aca ,a man1 ) su* habits ( m9d1 w n take viol5t measures to repel inju/ice1 b he may be c\nt$ ^u to def5d himself 9 8 own way4 ,t]tullian1 accord+ly1 :5 p]secution broke out 9 ! autumn ( #aig 9 ,c>?age1 address$ to ! gov]nor ( ! prov9ce an ,apology = ! ,*ri/ians4 ,x is "o ( 8 greate/ works4 ,x 0 translat$ into ,greek1 & ,eusebius quotes ! translation 9 sev]al places4 ,x is a mo/ brilliant book4 ,all 8 wit & w>m?1 8 pung5cy & directness1 8 k & 8 solid s5se come into play4 ,z a piece ( rhetoric1 z a lawy]'s spee*1 x is inimitable4 ,b x is m ?an t1 = x is z full ( 8 f9e/ qualities z ( 8 o!r gifts ( dext]ity & hum\r4 ,x %[s ! full gr[n & develop$ man1 e faculty at its highe/ & all consecrat$1 & ! book gl[s ) ! passion ( a d$icat$ _s4 ,he beg9s ) ! ironical sugge/ion t1 if ! gov]nors ( prov9ces are n p]mitt$ 9 _! judicial capacity to exam9e 9 public ! case ( ! ,*ri/ians1 if ?is type ( action alone _! au?ority is afraid--or blu%es--to inve/igate 9 ! int]e/s ( ju/ice1 he yet hopes t ,tru? by ! #cca sil5t pa? ( lett]s may rea* _! e>s4 ,tru? makes no excuse--%e kn[s %e is a /rang] "h1 :ile h] race1 home1 hope1 grace & dignity are 9 heav54 ,all h] eag]ness is n to be condemn$ unhe>d4 ,condemnation )\t trial is invidi\s1 x sugge/s inju/ice & wakes suspicion4 ,x is 9 ! int]e/s ( ,*ri/ianity1 too1 t x %\ld be exam9$--t is h[ ! numb]s ( ! ,*ri/ians h gr[n to su* a height4 ,!y are n a%am$--unless x be ( hav+ become ,*ri/ians s late4 ,! natural *>act]i/ics ( evil are fe>1 %ame1 t]giv]sation1 regret2 yet ! ,*ri/ian crim9al is glad to be accus$1 prays to be condemn$ & is happy to suff]4 ,y _c call x madness1 :5 y are %[n to be ignorant ( :at x is4 ,*ri/ians are condemn$ = ! "n's sake1 ?\gh su* condemnation1 irrespective ( ! prov+ ( guilt or innoc5ce1 is outrage4 ,o!rs are tortur$ to confess _! guilt1 ,*ri/ians to d5y x4 ,trajan's fam\s lett] to ,pl9y1 he te>s to %r$s2 ,*ri/ians are n to be hunt$ d[n--t is1 !y are innoc5t2 b !y are to be puni%$--t is1 !y are guilty4 ,if ! "o1 :y n hunt !m d[n8 ,if ! o!r1 :y puni%8 ,( c\rse ,trajan's plan 0 a compromise1 & ,t]tullian is n a man ( compromises4 ,if a f\nd]'s "n is guilt = a s*ool1 look ar\nd6 ,s*ools ( philosoph]s & s*ools ( cooks be> _! f\nd]s' names ) impunity4 ,b ab\t ! ,f\nd] ( ! ,*ri/ian s*ool curiosity ceases to be inquisitive4 ,b ! au?ority ( laws is invok$ aga9/ tru?--non licet esse vos6 is ! cry4 ,:at if laws d =bid ,*ri/ians to be8 ,if y\r law has made a mi/ake1 well1 ,i suppose1 x 0 a human bra9 t conceiv$ x2 = x did n come d[n f heav54 ,laws are always be+ *ang$1 & h be54 ,are y n y\rselves e day1 z exp]im5t illum9es ! d>kness ( antiquity1 engag$ 9 fell+ & cutt+ ! :ole ( t anci5t & ugly =e/ ( laws ) ! new axes ( imp]ial rescripts & edicts8#acb ,roman laws once =bade extravagance1 !atres1 divorce--!y =bade ! religions ( ,bac*us1 ,s]apis & ,isis4 ,:]e are ^? laws n[8 ,y are always prais+ antiquity1 & y improvise y\r life f day to day4#acc ,9 pass+1 "o rem>k may be made 9 view ( :at is #ccb said sometimes ( ,t]tullian & 8 conception ( religion4 ,to ,t]tullian ! revelation ?r\gh ! ,*ri/ is no m ?an a law4#acd ,!re is tru? 9 ?is criticism1 ( c\rse2 b unless x is cle>ly und]/ood t ,t]tullian drew ! di/9ction1 :i* ?is passage ( ! ,apology & o!rs sugge/1 betwe5 ,natural law1 z conceiv$ by ! ,/oics1 & civil law z reg>d$ by a ,propraetor1 he is likely to be misjudg$4 ,he con/antly slips into ! lawy]'s way ( h&l+ law1 = l all lawy]s he is apt to ?9k 9 t]ms ( pap] & p>*m5t2 b he draws a great di/9ction1 n s famili> to judges & lawy]s--z ,engli% daily pap]s abundantly reveal--betwe5 ! laws ( ,god or ,nature & ! laws ( human conv5tion or human legislatures4 ,! weak spot 0 8 belief 9 ! text ( ! ,scriptures z ! ultimate & irrefragable ^w & w ( ,god1 ?\gh ev5 "h1 9 8 happi] h\rs1 :5 he is n "u /ress ( argum5t1 he w int]pret ! div9e & infallible code1 n by ! lett]1 b by ! g5]al pr9ciples to be obs]v$ at once 9 ,nature & ! book4 ,legis inju/ae honor nullus e/#ace is n ! ord9>y language ( a lawy]4 ,! odi\s *>ges br\ght by ! vulg> aga9/ ! ,*ri/ians !n1 z n[ 9 ,*9a1 & us$ = _! own purposes by m5 :o really knew bett]1 he %[s to be incr$ible4 ,no "o has ! lea/ evid5ce ( any k9d = !m1 & yet ,*ri/ian meet+s are con/antly surpris$4 ,:at a triumph w\ld await ! spy or ! traitor :o c\ld prove !m6 ,b !y are n believ$1 or m5 w\ld h>ry ! ,*ri/ians f ! face ( ! e>? 7c4 #h74 ,z to ! idea t ,*ri/ians eat *ildr5 to ga9 et]nal life--:o w\ld ?9k x wor? ! price8 ,no6 if su* ?+s are done1 by :om are !y done8 ,he rem9ds 8 fell[-c\ntrym5 t 9 ! reign ( ,tib]ius prie/s ( ,saturn 7 crucifi$ 9 ,africa on ! sacr$ trees ar\nd _! temple--= ! sacrifice ( *ildr54 ,& !n :o are ^? :o practise abortion8 h[ _m ( ^? :o cr[d ar\nd & gape = ,*ri/ian blood8 ,& ! gladiatorial %[s8 is x ! ,*ri/ians :o frequ5t !m8 ,a!ism & treason 7 m s]i\s *>ges4 ,y d #ccc n wor%ip ! gods4 ,:at gods8 ,he _c m5tion !m all--new1 old1 b>b>ian1 ,greek1 ,roman1 =eign1 captive1 adoptive1 special1 common1 male1 female1 ru/ic1 urban1 nautical & milit>y--b ,saturn at any rate 0 a man1 z ! hi/orians "k4 ,b !y 7 made gods aft] !y di$4 ,n[1 t implies a ,god m sublime1 true own] 7mancipem71 s to speak1 ( div9ity1 :o made !m into gods1 = !y c\ld n ( c\rse h done x !mselves2 & mean:ile y aboli% ! only "o :o c\ld h4 ,b :y %\ld he8--unless ! great ,god ne$$ _! m9i/ry & aid 9 8 div9e tasks--dead m5's aid6 7c4 #aa74 ,no1 ! :ole univ]se is ! "w ( ,reason2 no?+ 0 left = ,saturn to d1 or 8 family4 ,x ra9$ f ! beg9n+1 />s %one1 ?und]s ro>$1 & ,jove himself %udd]$ at ! liv+ bolts :i* y put 9 8 h&4 ,ask ! spid]s :at !y ?9k ( y\r gods & _! webs tell y 7c4 #ab74 ,to-day a god1 to-morr[ a pan1 z dome/ic necessity melts & ca/s ! metal4 ,& ! gods are c>ri$ r\nd & alms begg$ = !m--religio m5dicans--hold out y\r h&1 ,jupit]1 if y want me to give y any?+6#acf ,does ,hom]'s poetry d hon\r to ! gods 7c4 #ad7--;d ! actors on ! /age 7c4 #ae78 ,*ri/ians are n a!i/s4 ,!y wor%ip "o ,god1 ,creator1 true1 great1 ^: v greatness makes him kn[n ( m5 & unkn[n4#acg ,:o he is1 & t he is "o1 ! human s\l kn[s full well--,o te/imonium animae naturalit] ,*ri/ianae6 ,b ,god has o!r evid5ce--in/rum5tum litt]aturae4 ,he s5t into ! _w m5 inundat$ ) ! div9e _s to proclaim ! "o ,god1 :o fram$ all ?+s1 :o made man1 :o "o day w raise man f ! dead = et]nal judgm5t4 ,^! writ+s ( ! prophets are n secret books4 ,anyone c read !m 9 ! ,greek v]sion1 :i* 0 made by ! sev5ty eld]s = ,ptolemy ,philadelphus4 ,to ?is book he appeals1--to ! maje/y ( ,scripture1 to ! fulfilm5t ( prophecy4 ,z5o call$ ! ,logos ! mak] ( all ?+s--& nam$ him ,fate1 ,god1 m9d ( ,jove1 ,necessity4 ,clean!s describ$ him z p]meat+ all ?+s4 ,?is ! ,*ri/ians also hold to #ccd be ,god's ,^w1 ,reason & ,p[]--& 8 ,son1 "o ) him 9 be+1 ,_s z ,he is ,_s4 ,?is 0 born ( a ,virg91 became man1 0 crucifi$ & rose aga94 ,ev5 ! ,caes>s w\ld h believ$ on ,*ri/1 if ,caes>s 7 n ne$ful to ! _w1 or if !re c\ld be ,*ri/ian ,caes>s4#ach ,z = ! pagan gods1 !y are daemons1 daily exorcis$ into ! confession ( ,*ri/4 ,b ! *>ge ( ,a!ism may be retort$4 ,are n ! pagans guilty ( ,a!ism1 at once 9 n wor%ipp+ ! true ,god & 9 p]secut+ ^? :o d8 ,z a rule !y conceive1 ) ,plato1 ( a great ,jove 9 heav5 surr\nd$ by a hi]>*y ( gods & daemons4#aci ,b1 z 9 ! ,roman ,empire1 ) its ,emp]or & its procurators & prefects1 x is a capital (f5ce to turn f ! supreme rul] to ! subord9ate1 s may x n involve a *>ge ( irreligion to take away fre$om ( religion1 to =bid free *oice ( div9ity1 t ,i may n wor%ip :om ,i w8 ,e "o else may2 b we are n c\nt$ ,romans1 :o d n wor%ip ! god ( ! ,romans4 ,x is well t ,god is ,god ( all1 ^: we are1 :e!r we w or no4 ,b ) y x is lawful to wor%ip any?+ :atev]--except ! true ,god4 ,b ! gods rais$ ,rome to be :at %e is4 ,:i* gods8 ,/]culus8 ,l>5t9a8 ,did ,jove =get ,crete = ,rome's sake--,crete1 :]e he 0 born1 :]e he lies buri$8#adj ,no1 look to x le/ ,god prove to be ! disp5s] ( k+doms1 to :om belong bo? ! _w t is rul$ & ! man :o rules4 ,"s are surpris$ t ,*ri/ians pref] ob/9acy to deliv]ance--b ,*ri/ians "k f :om t sugge/ion comes1 & !y "k ! malevol5ce ( ! daemon ranks1 :o are n[ beg9n+ to despair s9ce !y recognize !y are n a mat* = u 7c4 #bg74 ,= ! ,emp]or ,*ri/ians invoke ,god1 ! et]nal1 ! true1 ! liv+4 ,!y look up1 ) h&s outspread1 heads b>$1 & f _! he>ts1 )\t a =m ( words1 !y pray = long life = ! ,emp]or1 an ,empire free f al>ms1 a safe home1 brave armies1 a fai?ful s5ate1 an hone/ p & a quiet _w 7c4 #cj74 ,!y d ?is1 = ! ,empire /&s #cce betwe5 !m & ! _w's end4 7,x 0 a common ?\ght t ! _w & ,rome w\ld end toge!r47 ,*ri/ians h[ev] hon\r ,caes> z ,god's vice-g]5t2 he is !irs m ?an any "o's1 = he is set up by ! ,*ri/ians' ,god4 ,!y make no plots & h no rec\rse to magic to inquire into 8 heal? 7c4 #ce74ada ,9 fact we are ! same to ! ,emp]ors z to our next-door neighb\rs4 ,we are equally =bidd5 to wi% evil1 to d evil1 to speak evil1 to ?9k evil ( anyone4 ,s mu* = be+ enemies ( ! /ate 7c4 #cf74 ,*ri/ians d n retaliate on ! mob = its viol5ce1 ?\gh1 if !y did1 _! numb]s w\ld be s]i\s4 ,we are b ( ye/]day1 & we h fill$ ev]y?+1 cities1 isl&s1 camps1 palace1 =um1 etc42 all we h left y is ! temples4 ,b f> be x t a div9e s*ool %\ld v9dicate itself ) human fire1 or grieve to suff] t :]e9 x is prov$ 7c4 #cg74 ,*ri/ians make no di/urbances & aspire to no (fices4 ,!y are cont5t to foll[ _! religion & look aft] ! poor1 ! %ipwreck$1 & m5 9 m9es & prisons4 ,see h[ !y love ea* o!r6 say ! hea!n4#adb ,!y are n1 z alleg$1 ! cause ( public disa/]s2 ?\gh if ! ,nile d n ov]fl[1 or if ! ,tib] d1 x is at once ,*ri/ianos ad leonem6 ,b !y are unpr(itable 9 bus9ess6 ,yes1 to pimps1 poison]s & ma!maticians2 /ill !y are n ,brahmans or solit>ies ( ! woods1 exiles f life1 & !y refuse no gift ( ,god4 ,we sail ) y1 take ! field ) y1 %>e y\r c\ntry life1 & "k all ! int]c\rse ( arts & bus9ess 7cc4 #db1 #dc74 ,!y are innoc5t1 = !y fe> ,god & n ! proconsul4 ,if !y 7 a philosophic s*ool1 !y w\ld h tol]ation--:o compels a philosoph] to sacrifice1 to r5\nce1 or to set out lamps at midday to no purpose8 ,yet ! philosoph]s op5ly de/roy y\r gods & y\r sup]/itions 9 _! books1 & w9 y\r applause = x--& !y b>k at y\r pr9ces4 ,he !n po9ts out h[ mu* !re is 9 common to ,*ri/ians & philosoph]s1 & yet 79 a bur/ ( temp]7 h[ unlike !y are4 ,no1 :]e is ! lik5ess betwe5 ! philosoph] & ! ,*ri/ian8 ! disciple ( ,greece & ( heav58 ! traffick] 9 fame & 9 life8 ! fri5d & ! foe ( error8 7c4 #df74 #ccf ,! ,*ri/ian artisan kn[s ,god bett] ?an ,plato did4 ,& yet :at is k & g5ius 9 philosoph] & poet1 is presumption 9 a ,*ri/ian6 ,say ! ?+s are false t protect y--m]e presumption6 yet necess>y4 ,silly6 yet useful4 ,= ^? :o believe !m are compell$ to become bett] m51 = fe> ( et]nal puni%m5t & hope ( et]nal refre%m5t4 ,s x is inexp$i5t to call t false or c\nt t silly1 :i* x is exp$i5t %\ld be presum$ true4 ,on no plea c y condemn :at does good 7c4 #di74 ,yet1 :atev] _! treatm5t1 ,*ri/ians w\ld r be condemn$ ?an fall f ,god4 ,_! dea? is _! victory2 _! ob/9acy educates ! _w2 & :ile m5 condemn !m1 ,god acquits !m4 ,t is 8 la/ ^w--a deo absolvimur 7c4 #ej74 ,su*1 9 r\gh outl9e1 is ! great ,apology--n q ! "w ( ! full] or bak] at :om ,celsus sne]$4 ,yet x has n ! acc5t ( ! conv5tional ,greek or ,lat9 g5tleman1 nor t ( ! philosophic ,greek ,*ri/ian4 ,! /yle is unlike any?+ ( ! age4 ,ev]y?+ 9 x is individual2 !re is h>dly a quotation 9 ! piece4 ,ev]y?+ aga9 is c5tripetal2 ,t]tullian is too mu* 9 e>ne/ to lose himself 9 ! endless p]iods ( ! rhetorician1 or 9 ! *>m+ fancies de> to ! eclectic & especially to contempor>y ,platoni/s4 ,inde$ 8 tone t[>d lit]ature & philosophy is />tl+ly contemptu\s1 n lea/ s :5 contra/$ ) t ( ,clem5t4 ,= ?is !re are sev]al reasons4 ,fir/ ( all1 l ,c>lyle1 ,t]tullian has to write ) 8 n]ves 9 a k9d ( blaze1 &1 l ,c>lyle1 he says ?+s /rongly & sweep+ly4 ,x is p>tly temp]am5t1 p>tly ! +r[n habit ( ! plead]4 ,some?+ mu/ be all[$ to ! man ( moods1 ^: way x is to utt] /rongly :at he feels = ! mom5t4 ,su* m5 d a s]vice = :i* !y h little ?anks4 ,_m moods g 9 !m to ! mak+ ( ! m9d1 moods n peculi> to !mselves4 ,9 mo/ m5 feel+s r>ely f9d full & liv+ expression1 & some?+ is ga9$ :5 !y are s express$1 ev5 at ! co/ ( app>5t exagg]ation4 ,! sweep+ half-tru? at once sugge/s its complem5t to ! man :o utt]s x1 & may /ir v :olesome processes ( ?\ght 9 ! mild] p]son :o he>s x4 #ccg ,sid5ote3 ,! philosoph]s ,9 ! next place ! philosoph]s may h des]v$ ! criticism4 ,f9e talk & idle talk1 9 philosophic t]ms1 _h disgu/$ ,epictetus2#adc & = few has ,lucian m mock]y ?an = ! philosoph]s ( 8 day--,t]tullian's day--) _! platitudes & _! be>ds1 _! flunkeyism & love ( ga94 ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria1 :o lov$ philosophy1 _h occasional h>d words = ! vanity ( its pr(essors4#add ,= a man ( ,t]tullian's e>ne/ness !y 7 too little s]i\s4 ,gloriae animal#ade is "o ( 8 phrases--a creature ( va+lory 0 n likely to appeal to a man :o liv$ 9 full view ( ! lion & ! circus4 ,he _h made a root & bran* cleavage ) idolatry1 because no m5 c\ld die l ! ,*ri/ians unless !y _h ! tru?4 ,! philosoph]s--to say no?+ ( _! "p n[ & !n 9 /irr+ ! p aga9/ ! ,*ri/ians--_h made t]ms ) poly!ism1 bea/-wor%ip1 magic1 all t 0 wor/ & false/ 9 paganism1 lov]s ( wisdom & seek]s aft] tru? z !y pr(ess$ !mselves to be4 ,anci5t ,philosophy sugge/s to ! mod]n /ud5t ! "n ( ,h]aclitus or ,plato2 b ,t]tullian liv$ 9 ! same /reets ) ,apuleius1 philosoph] & ,platoni/1 humori/ & gloriae animal4 ,b ev5 ,plato vex$ ,t]tullian4#adf ,! cock to be (f]$ to ,a,esculapius 0 too available a quotation 9 a _w :]e ! miracles ( ! great ,heal] 7 ev]y:]e fam\s4 ,! trifl]s & ! dogmati/s ( ! day us$ ,plato's my?s to confute ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e ( ! resurrection4 ,& ( c\rse ,plato & ,t]tullian are 9 temp]am5t s f> ap>t1 t an antipa?y provok$ by su* causes 0 h>dly to be ov]come4 ,aga91 ,t]tullian rem>ks frequ5tly t h]esy has ! close/ connexion ) philosophy4 ,bo? h&le ! same que/ions3 ,:5ce is evil1 & :y8 & :5ce is man & h[8 & :5ce is ,god8#adg ,m>cion1 = in/ance1 is sick 7l s _m n[adays &1 mo/ ( all1 ! h]etics7 ) ! "q ( evil1 :5ce is evil8#adh & turns to dualism4 ,or else ! h]etics beg9 ) que/ions ( ! resurrection1 = ! resurrection ( ! fle% !y f9d h>d] to believe ?an ! unity ( ! ,godhead4#adi ,:at ,celsus1 a typical product ( #cch contempor>y philosophy1 ?\ght ( ! resurrection ( ! fle% we h se5--a hope ( worms6 ,la/ly1 !re 0 a /rong t5d5cy 9 ! *ur* at l>ge = re-/atem5t ( ! gospel 9 ! t]ms ( philosophy2 & 9 su* endeav\rs1 z we "k1 !re is always ! dang] ( suppos+ ! t]ms & ! philosophy ( ! day to be m p]man5t & m valid ?an ! exp]i5ce :i* !y are suppos$ to express4 ,9 ,t]tullian's c5tury !re seem$ "s prospect t e *>act]i/ic feature ( ! gospel w\ld be s re-/at$ z to leave ! gospel entirely indi/+ui%able f any o!r eclectic sy/em ( ! mom5t4 ,jesus became a phantom1 or an aeon2 8 body1 sid]eal sub/ance1 :i* (f]$1 ,clem5t himself said1 no mat]ial resi/ance to ! t\* ( ,/ ,john's h&4 ,god divid$1 heav5 gone1 no hope or fai? left possible 9 a non-real ,*ri/ ev5 9 ?is life--,*ri/ians w\ld be inde$ ( all m5 mo/ mis]able1 & morality w\ld h no long] any basis nor any motive4 ,:at 9 all ?is c\ld tempt a man to face ! lions8 ,x 0 n = ?is t ,*ri/ians %$ _! blood--no1 ! ,gno/ics recomm5d$ flight 9 p]secution4 ,x is easy to und]/& ! sweep+ ,vid]9t--,t]tullian's usual phrase = dismiss+ p & ideas on :om no m is to be said--,let !m look to x :o h produc$ a ,/oic & ,platonic & dialectic ,*ri/ianity4 ,we ne$ no curiosity :o h ,jesus ,*ri/1 no inquiry :o h ! gospel4#aej ,x 0 natural = ,clem5t & 8 s*ool to try to br+ ! gospel & philosophy to a common basis--a natural impulse1 :i* all mu/ %>e :o speculate4 ,! mi/ake has be5 t ! *ur* took _! conclusions s readily & has cont9u$ to believe !m4 ,= ,t]tullian is1 on 8 side1 "r1 & we "k 9 fact a great deal m ab\t ,jesus ?an we c "k ab\t ! ,logos4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,praescription ( h]etics ,accord+ly a l>ge "p ( ,t]tullian's "w1 z a ,*ri/ian1 0 ! writ+ ( treatises aga9/ h]esy4 ,he has 9 "o book--de ,praescriptionibus ,ha]eticorum--dealt ) all h]etics toge!r4 ,! ,regula ,fidei1 :i* is a %ort cre$1#aea 0 in/itut$1 he says1 by ,*ri/1 & is held among ,*ri/ians )\t que/ions1 save ^? :i* h]etics raise & :i* make h]etics4 ,on t ,regula re/s ! ,*ri/ian fai?4 ,to "k no?+ aga9/ x1 is to "k ev]y?+4 ,b appeal is #cci made to ,scripture4 ,we mu/ !n see :o has ! title to ,scripture 7possessio71#aeb & :5ce x comes4 ,jesus ,*ri/ :ile on e>? taught ! twelve1 & !y w5t into ! _w & promulgat$ ! same doctr9e ( ! same fai?1 f\nd+ *ur*es 9 e city1 f :i* o!r *ur*es h tak5 fai? & doctr9e--he uses ! metaphors ( se$ & ( lay]s 7tradux7 f plants4 ,e day *ur*es are s =m$ & duly c\nt$ ,apo/olic4 ,?us ! imm5se numb]s ( *ur*es may be reckon$ equival5t to ! "o fir/ *ur*4 ,no o!r ?an ! ,apo/les are to be receiv$1 z no o!rs 7 taught by ,*ri/4 ,?us x is e/abli%$ t e doctr9e :i* agrees ) ^? ,apo/olic "m-*ur*es1 ! orig9als ( ! fai?1 is to be set d[n to tru?1 z 9 accordance ) :at ! *ur*es h receiv$ f ! apo/les1 ! apo/les f ,*ri/1 & ,*ri/ f ,god4#aec ,b h ! *ur*es be5 fai?ful 9 ! transmission ( ?is body ( doctr9e8 ,suppose !m all to h gone wrong1 suppose ! ,holy ,_s to h be5 s neglig5t--is x likely t s va/ a numb] %\ld h w&]$ away into "o fai?8 ,aga9 let ,m>cion & o!rs %[ ! hi/ory ( _! *ur*es4 ,let _! doctr9es be comp>$ ) ! ,apo/olic1 & _! v>ieties & contradictions w %[ !y are n ,apo/olic4 ,if !n ,tru? be adjudg$ to ^? :o walk by ! ,regula1 duly transmitt$ ?r\gh ! *ur*1 ! ,apo/les & ,*ri/ f ,god1 !n h]etics h no "r ( appeal to ! ,scriptures :i* are n !irs4 ,if !y are h]etics1 !y _c be ,*ri/ians2 if !y are n ,*ri/ians1 !y h no "r 7ius7 to ,*ri/ian lit]ature4 ,) :at "r 7iure7 ,m>cion1 d y cut d[n my wood8 ,by :at lic5ce1 ,val5t9us1 d y div]t my spr+s8 444 ,?is is my e/ate2 ,i h long held x2 ,i am fir/ 9 occupation2 ,i trace my sure desc5t f ! f\nd]s to :om ! ?+ belong$4 ,i am ! heir ( ! ,apo/les4#aed ,9 ?is1 z 9 mo/ human argum5ts1 !re are /r&s ( diff]5t value4 ,! legal analogy gave a "n to ! book--praescriptio 0 ! b>r+ ( a claim--b x is n #cdj ! /ronge/ l9e4 ,law r>ely is4 ,b ,t]tullian 0 n cont5t to rule 8 oppon5ts out ( c\rt4 ,he us$ legal me?ods & mann]s too freely1 b he knew well en\gh t ^! settl$ no?+4 ,z a rule he _h mu* /rong] gr\nds = 8 attack4 ,he wrote five books aga9/ ,m>cion to ma9ta9 ! unity ( ! ,godhead & ! id5tity ( ! ,fa!r ( ,jesus1 ! ,god ( ! ,old ,te/am5t & ! ,god ( ,nature4 ,8 book aga9/ ! ,val5t9ians has a l>ge elem5t ( hum\r 9 x--p]haps ! be/ rejo9d] to ! fram]s ( a cosmogony ( s _m aeons1 none demon/rable1 all fanciful1--! ?irty ( !m sugge/ to him ! fam\s ,lat9 s[ ( ! ,a,eneid4#aee ,aga9/ ,h]mog5es he ma9ta9s ! doctr9e ( ! creation ( ! _w f no?+4 ,! hypo!sis t ,god us$ pre-exi/+ matt]1 makes matt] antec$5t & m or less equal to ,god4 ,& !n1 9 legal ve91 he asks a "q4 ,h[ did ,god come to use matt]8 ,^! are ! ?ree ways 9 :i* ano!r's prop]ty may be tak51--by "r1 by b5efit1 by assault1 t is by title1 by reque/1 by viol5ce4 ,h]mog5es d5ies ,god's title 9 ?is case2 :i* !n ( ! o!r means does he pref]8#aef ,sid5ote3 ,! inc>nation ( ,*ri/ ,8 be/ "w 9 ! controv]sial field is 9 8 treatises1 ,on ! ,fle% ( ,*ri/1 ,on ! ,resurrection ( ! ,fle%1 & ,on ! ,s\l4 ,! fir/ ( ^!1 above all1 w appeal to any read] to :om ! hi/oric ,jesus is significant4 ,mu* has *ang$ 9 outlook & preconceptions s9ce ,t]tullian wrote1 b 8 language on ! reality ( ,jesus1 z an actual human be+ & no sid]eal or cele/ial semblance ( a man1 on ! inc>nation1 & ! love ( ,god1 /ill gl[s & /ill f9ds a response4 ,away1 he pictures ,m>cion say+1 ,away ) ^? c5sus-rolls ( ,caes>1 always tiresome1 away ) ! cramp$ inns1 ! soil$ rags1 ! h>d /all4 ,let ! angelic ho/ look to x6#aeg ,& !n he rejo9s1 ,d y ?9k nativity impossible--or unsuitable--= ,god8 ,declaim z y l on ! ugl9ess ( ! circum/ances2 yet ,*ri/ did love m5 7born1 if y l1 j z y say72 = man he desc5d$1 = man he prea*$1 = man he l[]$ himself ) e humiliation d[n to dea?1 & ! dea? ( ! cross4 ,yes1 #cda he lov$ him :om he r$eem$ at s high a price4 ,& ) man he lov$ man's nativity1 ev5 8 fle%4 ,! conv]sion ( m5 to ! wor%ip ( ! true ,god1 ! rejection ( error1 ! discipl9e ( ju/ice1 ( purity1 ( pity1 ( pati5ce1 ( all innoc5ce--^! are n folly1 & !y are b\nd up ) ! tru? ( ! ,gospel4 ,is x unwor?y ( ,god8 ,sp>e ! "o hope ( all ! _w1 ?\1 :o w\ld/ d away ) ! disgrace ( fai?4 ,:atev] is unwor?y ( ,god is all to my good4#aeh ,! ,son ( ,god also di$--,x is cr$ible because x is fooli%4 ,he 0 buri$ & rose aga92 x is c]ta9 because x is impossible4 ,& h[ c\ld all ?is be1 if 8 body 7 n true8 ,y bisect ,*ri/ ) a lie4 ,! :ole ( him 0 ,tru?4#aei ,! gospel n>rative f beg9n+ to end implies t ,*ri/'s body 0 l ours--he hung]$ "u ! devil1 ?ir/$ "u ! ,sam>itan woman1 %$ te>s ov] ,laz>us1 0 tr\bl$#afj at dea? 7=1 ! fle%1 he said1 is weak71 la/ ( all he %$ 8 blood4 ,h[ c\ld m5 h spat 9 a face radiant ) cele/ial gr&eur8 ,wait6 ,*ri/ has n yet subdu$ 8 enemies t he may triumph ) 8 fri5ds4 ,jesus is to come aga91 z he 01 z he is1 sitt+ at ! ,fa!r's "r h&1 ,god & man1 fle% & blood1 ! same 9 ess5ce & =m z :5 he asc5d$2 s he %all come4#afa ,& m5 w be rais$ 9 ! fle% to receive judgm5t4 ,a /orm ov]hangs ! _w4#afb ,:at ! treasure-h\se ( et]nal fire w be1 may be guess$ f ! petty v5ts m5 see 9 ,etna & else:]e4#afc ,!re w be :ite robes = m>tyrs2 = ! timid a little portion 9 ! lake ( fire & sulphur4#afd ,all t ,gibbon ?\ght w\ld (f5d ! reason & humanity ( ! pres5t age 9 ! la/ *apt] ( ! de ,spectacutis may recur to ! read]4 ,b1 cont9ues ,t]tullian 9 t passage1 my gaze w be ^u ^? :o let loose _! fury on ! ,"l himself--',?is1' ,i %all say1 'is he1 ! son ( ! c>p5t] or ! h>lot1 ,sabba?-break]1 ,sam>itan1 demoniac4 ,?is is he :om y b\ght f #cdb ,judas2 ?is is he1 :om y beat ) ! re$ & ! palms ( y\r h&s1 :om y disfigur$ ) y\r spittle1 to :om y gave gall & v9eg>4 ,?is is he :om 8 disciples /ole away1 t x might be said he _h ris51--or ! g>d5] took him away1 t 8 lettuces might n be trodd5 by ! cr[ds t came4' ,a long v>iety ( affect$ & unfeel+ witticisms1 is ,gibbon's judgm5t4 ,a m9d less int5t on polemic w judge o!rwise ( ,t]tullian & 8 controv]sies4 ,!re is1 fir/ ( all1 mu* m ( ! philosophic temp] ?an is commonly suppos$4 ,he does n1 l ,clem5t & o!r ,greeks1 revel 9 cosmological speculations z to ! ,logos1 nor does he loosely adopt ! ab/ract me?ods ( lat] ,greek philosophy4 ,b 9 8 treatm5t ( ! ,s\l1 ( moral ord] & disord]1 & ( responsibility1 he %[s no mean p[]s ( m9d4 ,he argues f exp]i5ce1 & f ! two s\rces1 f :i* he c\ld be/ hope to le>n mo/ directly ! m9d ( ,god1 ,nature & ! ,scriptures4 ,! infallibility ( ! ,scriptures is ( c\rse a limitation to fre$om ( speculation1 b x 0 an axiom ( ! e>ly *ur*1 & a man ( exp]i5ce might accept x1 b\nd up z x 0 ) s\nd results 9 ! m>tyr-dea? & ! *ang$ life4 ,t]tullian w get back to ! facts1 if he c2 & if he judges too swiftly ( ,nature & too swiftly accepts ! lit]al tru? ( ,scripture1--:ile ^! are drawbacks to our acceptance ( 8 conclusions1 !re is /ill to be se5 9 him m indep5d5ce ( m9d ?an 9 ^? ,greek ,fa!rs = :om ,greek philosophy _h spok5 ! la/ ^w 9 metaphysics4 ,x is psy*ology t int]e/s ,t]tullian m1 & moral que/ions1 & ^! he h&les m deeply ?an ! ,/oics4 ,he /&s 9 l9e ) ,augu/9e & ,calv91 8 spiritual desc5dants4 ,if he speaks m ( hell ?an c]ta9 ,greeks d1 x is n unnatural4 ,! man1 :o saw su* dea?s 9 ! amphi!atre z he describes 9 ! ,passion ( ,p]petua1 :o rememb]$ ! expressions he _h !n se5 on ! faces ( ! spectators1 :o knew too well ! cruelty t w5t ) ,roman lu/1 c\ld h>dly help believ+ 9 hell4 ,:at 0 ! orig9 ( evil8 ask$ philosoph] & h]etic4 ,:at is its de/9y8 & :at are y to d ) x n[8 ask$ ,t]tullian2 &1 9 all s]i\sness1 ! answ] to ! =m] #cdc "q is m likely to be f\nd :5 ! answ]s ( ! latt] are rea*$4 ,at any rate ! latt] are m practical1 & t adjective1 ) :at x sugge/s ( drawback & ( ga91 belongs to ,t]tullian4 ,sid5ote3 ,on conduct ,8 application ( ! te/ ( utility to belief is obvi\sly op5 to criticism4 ,x is exp$i5t1 said ,v>ro1 = m5 to be deceiv$ 9 religion4 ,no1 ,t]tullian w\ld h said1 x is m exp$i5t = !m to "k ! tru?2 & he back$ 8 conviction by 8 appeal to ,nature1 on ! "o h&1 ,nature1 rational ?r\gh & ?r\gh1 & ev] loyal to law1 to fixity ( pr9ciple1 & on ! o!r h& by ref]5ce to ! v]ification ( 8 position yield$ by exp]i5ce--once m ! m>tyr-dea? & ! trans=m$ "*4 ,^! fundam5tal ideas he may h misus$ 9 p>ticul>s1 if n 9 matt]s m ess5tial2 b1 if he is wrong f ! beg9n+ 9 hold+ !m1 human k1 progress & conduct become =tuit\s & desultory at once4 ,nature & v]ification f life are sub/antially all we h4 ,to ^! ( c\rse ,t]tullian add$ revelation 9 a s5se di/9ct4 ,f ! "q ( conduct we pass naturally to ! great cleavage ( ,t]tullian ) ! *ur*4 ,a *ange _h come 9 *ur* practice & gov]nm5t s9ce ! days :5 ! ,tea*+ ( ! ,apo/les repres5t$ actual pres5t fact1--p]haps ev5 s9ce ! ,apology ( ,ari/ides4 ,! *ur* _h gr[n l>g]1 x _h develop$ its organization1 & x 0 rely+ m on ! practical m5 ) a turn = adm9i/ration1 :o always appe> :5 a movem5t1 begun by ideali/s1 seems to %[ signs ( success4 ,! situation creates !m1 & !y _c be avoid$4 ,!y h _! place1 b !y d n c>e = ideas4 ,?us 9 ! *ur* ! m9i/ry ( ! ,_s1 ! m9i/ry ( gifts1 0 succe$$ by ! m9i/ry ( (fice1 ) its l[] ideals ( ! practical & ! exp$i5t4 ,! numb]s ( ! *ur* swell$1 & a !ory began to spread1 :i* ,cyprian took up lat] on1 & :i* 0 almo/ inevitable on 8 pr9ciples1 t ! *ur* 0 an ark1 ) bea/s clean & bea/s unclean )9 x4 ,?is !ory answ]$ to ! actual facts1 h>dly to ! ideal1 & ,t]tullian reject$ x4#afe ,conduct at once sugge/$ ! !ory1 #cdd & respond$ to x4 ,*ri/ians fell into adult]y & apo/asy1 & :ile at fir/ ?is meant deliv]y to ,satan1 re/oration became progressively easy4 ,! ,%eph]d ( ,h]mas ext5d$ second *ances1 till ,t]tullian fi]cely spoke ( t apocryphal %eph]d ( adult]]s4#aff ,f ,phrygia came ! sugge/ion ( re=mation4 ,our evid5ce z to ! hi/ory ( ,montanism 9 its native l& is d]iv$ f ho/ile s\rces1 & ! value ( x mu/ p>tly dep5d on ! tru? ( ! witnesses & p>tly on _! intellig5ce1 & ( nei!r h we any gu>antee at all4 ,t !y are cle>ly ho/ile is pla9 f ! fragm5ts 9 ,eusebius4 ,t !y und]/ood ! inn] mean+ ( :at !y condemn$1 we h no indication4 ,montanus1 h[ev]1 ass]t$ ,*ri/'s promise ( ! ,p>aclete--8 enemies allege t he id5tifi$ himself ) ! ,p>aclete1 a /atem5t :i* might be us$ to %[ h[ quotation may lead to sugge/io falsi4 ,b ! com+ ( ! ,p>aclete 0 n 9 fact a synonym = fanaticism & ! collection ( money1 z ! enemies ( ,montanus h9t$4 ,x meant ! brac+ ( ,*ri/ian life & "*1 & ! re/oration ( prophecy1 new revelation ( tru?1 p[] & progress4 ,x appeal$ to ! ,*ri/ian _w1 & ! movem5t spread--probably ) modifications z x spread4 ,! oracles ( ,montanus & ( two wom51 ,prisca & ,maximilla1 became widely kn[n1 & !y inculcat$ a /]n insi/5ce on conduct1 :i* 0 really ne$$1 :ile !y %[$ h[ re=mation 0 to be rea*$4 ,to use language ( m mod]n times1 involves risk ( misconception2 b if x may be done ) caution1 we may r\ghly say t ! ,montani/s /ood = :at ! ,fri5ds call ! ,inn] ,light1 & = progressive revelation--or1 at any rate1 = some?+ 9 ?is direction4 ,! indwell+ ( ,god 0 n consi/5t ) l[ liv+2 & e>ne/ s\ls1 all ov] ! _w1 7 inve/$ ) great] p[] & c\rage to battle ) ! gr[+ lightness 9 ! *ur* & to meet ! nev]-ceas+ ho/ility ( ! _w--! lion & ! cruel faces ( ! amphi!atre4 ,sid5ote3 ,ec/acy ,yet ,montanism fail$ = want ( a cle> conception ( ! real "* ( primitive ,*ri/ianity4 ,aim+ at morals1 ,montani/s conceiv$ ( life & ! human m9d & ,god 9 a #cde way v f> f t ( ,jesus4 ,!y laid a /ress1 :i* is n 81 on asceticism & on p5ance1 & !y cultivat$ ec/asy--9 bo? regions r5\nc+ ! ess5tially spiritual conception ( religion1 & turn+ to a non-,*ri/ian view ( matt]4 ,!y ?us aim$ at obta9+ or keep+ ! indwell+ _s ( ,jesus1 kn[n s well 9 ! e>ly *ur*1 b by me*anical means2 & ?is1 ?\gh ! lat] *ur* 9 ?is p>ticul> foll[$ !m = g5]ations1 is n to be done4 ,/ill1 :atev] _! me?ods & _! exp$i5ts1 !y /ood = righte\sness1 & "h lay ! fasc9ation ( ,montanism = ,t]tullian4 ,?r\gh\t 8 lat] life ,t]tullian1 !n1 0 a ,montani/1 ?\gh ! *ange 0 n s great z might be expect$4 ,"s ( 8 works1 su* z t ,on ,monogamy1 be> ! /amp ( ,montanism1 = re-m>riage 0 condemn$ by ! ,montani/s4 ,else:]e 8 citation ( ! oracles ( ,prisca sugge/s t a book belongs to ! ,montani/ p]iod2 or we d$uce x f su* a passage z t 9 ! "w ,on ! ,s\l :]e he describes a vision4 ,! passage is %ort & x is sugge/ive4 ,we h to-day among u a si/] :o has receiv$ gifts 7*>ismata7 ( ! nature ( revelations1 :i* %e und]goes 7patitur7 9 _s 9 ! *ur* amid ! rites ( ! ,"l's day fall+ into ec/asy 7p] ec/as974 ,%e conv]ses ) angels1 sometimes ev5 ) ! ,"l1 & sees & he>s my/]ies1 & reads ! he>ts ( c]ta9 p]sons1 & br+s heal+s to ^? :o ask4 ,accord+ to :at ,scriptures are read1 or psalms sung1 or addresses made1 or pray]s (f]$ up1 ! matt] ( h] visions is suppli$4 ,x happ5$ t we _h spok5 some?+ ( ! s\l1 :5 ?is si/] 0 9 ! _s4 ,:5 all 0 ov]1 & ! p _h gone1 %e--= x is h] practice to report :at %e has se51 & x is mo/ c>efully exam9$ t x may be prov$--'among/ o!r ?+s1' %e said1 'a s\l 0 %[n to me 9 bodily =m & x seem$ to be a _s1 b n empty1 nor a ?+ ( vacuity2 on ! contr>y1 x seem$ z if x might be t\*$1 s(t1 lucid1 ( ! col\r ( air1 & ( human =m 9 e detail4#afg ,su* a /ory expla9s itself4 ,! corporeity ( ! s\l #cdf 0 a t5et ( ,/oicism1 ess5tial to ,t]tullian1 = )\t x he c\ld n conceive ( :at 0 to foll[ ! resurrection4 ,he spoke ( x & we c imag9e h[4 ,x w\ld h>dly take a vision to see any?+ ( :i* he spoke4 ,! si/] h[ev] 01 :at 9 mod]n phrase is call$1 psy*opa?ic1 & ! vision occurr$1 controll$ by ! sugge/ion t prec$$ x4 ,sid5ote3 ,conclusion ,x mu/ be admitt$ t !re is 9 "s ( 8 ,montani/ treatises1 p>ticul>ly :]e he is h&l+ matt]s ( less importance1 su* z re-m>riage1 fa/+1 & ! l1 a bitt]ness ( tone :i* is n pleasant4 ,z long z 8 hum\r & 8 /rong s5se control 8 irony1 x is no bad adjunct ( 8 /yle1 x is a great res\rce4 ,b x decl9es into s>casm1 & s>casm1 z ,teufelsdroeckh put x1 is ! language ( ! devil2 & we f9d ,t]tullian1 plead+ = ,god & righte\sness1 9 a tone & a temp] little likely to w9 m54 ,b ! ma9 ideas t dom9ate him /ill prevail--conduct1 ob$i5ce1 ,god's law 9 ,nature & 9 ! book1 ! value ( ! m>tyr-dea?4 ,little is to be got by dwell+ on 8 outbur/s ( ill temp]2 !y h>dly d m ?an illu/rate :at we knew already1 8 int5sity1 8 s5sibility1 8 passion4 ,!y =m ! negative side ( ! great positive qualities4 ,let me ga!r up a few scatt]$ ?\ghts :i* come f 8 he>t & are bett] & tru] illu/rations ( ! man1 & ) !m let *apt] & book h an end4 ,conduct is ! te/ ( cre$ 7de ,praescr4 ,ha]4 #dc74 ,to lie ab\t ,god is 9 a s5se idolatry 7de ,praescr4 #dj74 ,security 9 s9 means love ( x 7de ,pudic4 #i74 ,:atev] d>kness y pile above y\r de$s1 ,god is light 7de ,pa5it4 #f74 ,:at we are =bidd5 to d1 ! s\l pictures to itself at its p]il 7de ,pa5it4 #c74 ,tru? p]suades by tea*+1 x does n tea* by mak+ ?+s plausible 7adv4 ,val5t4 #a74 ,fai? is pati5ce ) its lamp lit--illum9ata 7de ,pat4 #f74 ,pati5ce is ! v nature ( ,god4 ,! recognition ( ,god und]/&s well en\gh ! duty laid ^u x4 ,let wrong-do+ be we>i$ by y\r pati5ce 7de ,pat4 #c1 #d1 #h74 ,!re is no great] incitem5t to despise money ?an t ! ,"l himself _h no weal? 7de ,pat4 #g74 ,love is '! supreme my/]y 7sacram5tum7 ( fai? 7de ,pat4 #ab74 ,fai? fe>s no fam9e #cdg 7de ,idol4 #ab74 ,pray] is ! wall ( fai? 7de ,or4 #bi74 ,e day1 e mom5t1 pray] is necess>y to m54444 ,pray] comes f consci5ce4 ,if consci5ce blu%1 pray] blu%es 7de exh4 ca/4 #aj74 ,good ?+s sc&alize none b ! bad m9d 7de virg4 vel4 #c74 ,give to ,caes> :at is ,caes>'s--8 image on ! co92 give to ,god :at is ,god's--8 image 9 man1 y\rself 7de ,idol4 #ae74 ,b to ?is !re is no end1 & an end !re mu/ be4 ,by 8 expression ( ,*ri/ian ideas 9 ! natural language ( ,roman ?\ght1 by 8 insi/5ce on ! reality ( ! hi/oric ,jesus & on ! inevitable consequ5ces ( human conduct1 by 8 ref]5ce ( all matt]s ( life & controv]sy to ! w ( ,god manife/$ 9 ,nature1 9 inspiration & 9 exp]i5ce1 ,t]tullian laid ,we/]n ,*ri/5dom "u a great debt1 nev] v g5]\sly ackn[l$g$4 ,= u x may be z pr(itable to g beh9d ! writ+s till we f9d ! man1 & to ?9k ( ! manhood1 ) e p[] & e end[m5t1 s5sibility1 imag9ation1 en]gy1 flung ) passionate en?usiasm on ! side ( purity & righte\sness1 ( ,god & ,tru?2 to ?9k ( ! sil5t self-sacrifice freely & g5]\sly made = a despis$ cause1 ( a life-long read9ess = m>tyrdom1 ( a _s1 unable to compromise1 unable 9 its love ( ,*ri/ to see ,8 "w undone by c[>dice1 indulg5ce & unfai?1 & ( a nature 9 all its fulness surr5d]$4 ,t ! ,gospel c\ld capture su* a man z ,t]tullian1 &1 ) all 8 faults ( m9d & temp]1 make ( him :at x did1 0 a measure ( its p[] to trans=m ! old _w & a prophecy ( its p[] to hold ! mod]n _w1 too1 & to make m ( x z ! ideas ( ,jesus f9d full] realization & v]ification 9 e g5]ation ( ,*ri/ian "* & exp]i5ce4 ,*apt] ,x ,footnotes3 #a ,gibbon1 ,decl9e & ,fall1 c4 #ae 7vol4 ii1 p4 #agg1 ,milman-,smi?72 ,t]tullian1 de ,spectaculis1 #cj4 #b ,bo? ( ^! 9 de ,pallio1 #a4 ,x may be not$ t 9 allusions to ,dido's /ory he pref]s ! non-,virgilian v]sion1 m hon\rable to ! ,que52 ,apol4 #ej2 ad m>tyras1 #d4 #c adv4 ,val5t94 #ab4 #d ,ref]5ces to 8 ,greek treatises 7all lo/7 may be f\nd 9 de cor4 mil4 #f2 de bapt4 #ae2 de virg4 vel4 #a4 #e ,de viris illu/ribus1 sub nom9e4 #f de anima #ci4 #g ,ibid4 #da4 #h ,ibid4 #ci4 #i adv4 ,val5t4 #c1 9 infantia int] somni difficultates a nutricula audisse lamiae turres et pect9es ,solis2 ibid4 #bj1 pu]ilium dicibulorum 9 m>i poma nasci et 9 arbore pisces4 #aj e4g4 he alludes to a manual on fl[]s & g>l&s by ,claudius ,saturn9us1 & ano!r on a simil> subject1 p]haps1 by ,leo ,a,egyptius2 de cor4 mil4 #g1 #ab4 ,ap>t f ! ,*ri/ian controv]sy on ! use ( fl[]s1 we %all f9d lat] on t he _h a ke5] int]e/ 9 !m ?an "s critics might suppose2 adv4 ,m>c4 i1 #ac1 #ad4 #aa de juga1 #aj4 #ab de anima1 #b2 cf4 ibid4 #aj1 quotation ( a great anatomi/ ,h]ophilus :o dissect$ six hundr$ subjects 9 ord] to f9d out ,nature's secrets2 also ibid4 #be1 a discussion ( *ildbir? to %[ t ! s\l does n come into ! *ild ) its fir/ brea?2 ibid4 #dc1 a discussion ( sleep4 ,scorpiace1 #e1 surg]y4 #ac e4g4 ! end ( adv4 ,h]mog5em4 #ad ,puns1 e4g41 on areae1 ad ,scap4 #c2 on /rophae1 de ,spect4 #bi2 on pl]oma1 adv4 ,val4 #ab4 ,see 8 nons5se on ! te>s1 salt1 sweet1 & bitum9\s1 ( ,a*amo?1 a ,val5t9ian figure1 adv4 ,val4 #ae2 on ! ,milesian tales ( 8 ,a,eons1 de ,anima4 #bc4 #ae adv4 ,val5t4 #f4 #af adv4 ,val5t4 #a4 #ag de baptismo1 #d4 #ah de oratione1 #ae #ai de anima1 #c4 #bj de bapt4 #c 7end7 #ba ,on de pallio see ,boissi]1 ,la ,f9 da ,paganisme1 bk4 iii1 *4 #a4 #bb ad ,natt1 i1 #g2 ! *>ges 7 ince/1 & *ild-murd] = purposes ( magic4 #bc de ,praescriptione1 #dd 7end74 ,simil>ly ( resurrection1 virg9-bir?1 etc44--recogitavi4 #bd de ,pati5tia1 #a1 mis]rimus ego semp] aeg] caloribus impati5tiae4 #be ,cf4 8 tone z to ! scortum1 unexampl$1 s f> z ,i "k1 9 ,lat9 lit]ature1 & only approa*$ 9 ,greek p]haps by ,dio ,*ryso/om--! publicae libid9is ho/iae 7de ,spect4 #ag71 public>um libid9um victimae 7de cult4 fem4 ii1 #ab74 ,he alone ( all :o m5tion ! /range annual sc5e on ! /age1 :i* ,cato )drew to all[1 has pity = ! poor wom54 #bf de ,pa5it5tia1 #h4 #bg de corona1 #ab4 #bh ,i ref] especially to su* passages z de ,c>ne ,*ri/i1 #d-i1 #ad2 de ,resurr4 ,c>nis1 #g1 #ab1 etc4 #bi de ,pa5it4 #a1 hoc g5us hom9um quod et ipsi retro fuimus1 caeci1 s9e dom9i lum9e4 #cj ,apol4 #ae1 cf4 ad ,natt4 i1 #aj1 ano!r draft ( ! same matt]4 #ca de ,spect4 #ai1 eamus 9 amphi!atrum 444 delectemur sangu9e humano 7ironically74 #cb ,apol4 #ae4 ,! burn+-iron 0 to see :e!r any life 7 left 9 ! fall54 #cc de ,spect4 #ai 7end74 #cd de ,spectaculis1 #ag4 #ce de ,pa5it4 #d4 #cf de ,pa5it4 #ab1 peccator omnium not>um1 nec ulli rei nisi pa5it5tiae natus4 #cg de anima1 #ai & #di4 ,add 8 words on ! wife tak5 away by dea?1 cui etiam religiosiorem res]vas affectionem1 etc41 de exh4 ca/4 #aa4 #ch de anima1 #bj4 ,cf4 ibid4 #ag1 on ! mod]ation ( ! ,/oics1 z comp>$ ) ,plato1 9 _! treatm5t ( ! fidelity ( ! s5ses4 #ci ad ,scap4 #b4 ,tam5 humani iuris et naturalis pote/atis e/ unicuique quod putav]it col]e4 #dj adv4 ,m>c4 i1 #aj1 major popul>itas g5]is humani4 #da de te/im4 animae1 #e4 #db de te/4 an4 #f4 #dc de jejunio1 #f4 #dd de spectaculis1 #bj4 #de de cor4 mil4 #e1 ,naturae deus no/] e/4 #df adv4 ,m>c4 i1 #bc4 #dg de anima1 #af4 #dh adv4 ,m>c4 iii1 #b2 iv1 #aa4 #di de cor4 mil4 #f1 et legem naturalem sugg]it et naturam legalem4 #ej ,cf4 de c>ne ,*ri/i1 #d4 #ea de anima1 #bg4 #eb de c>ne ,*ri/i1 #d1 ipsum muli]is enit5tis pudorem vel pro p]iculo honor&um vel pro natura religiosum4 #ec de ,resurr4 ,c>nis1 #g4 #ed ,ibid4 #f4 #ee adv4 ,m>cion4 i1 #ac1 #ad4 ,comp>e ! beautiful picture at ! end ( de ,oratione1 ( ! little birds fly+ up1 spread+ out ! cross ( _! w+s in/ead ( h&s1 & say+ some?+ t seems to be pray]4 #ef adv4 ,m>c4 ii1 #d4 #eg de cor4 mil4 #ae4 #eh de praescr4 #dj1 et si adhuc mem9i1 ,mi?ra signat1 etc4 #ei ,apol4 #ah4 ,haec et nos risimus aliqu&o4 ,de ve/ris sumus4 #fj de te/4 animae1 #a4 #fa ,s ,arnobius 7i1 #eh1 #ei7 & ,augu/9e felt4 ,t]tullian does n compla9 ( ! /yle himself1 b x 0 a real h9drance to _m4 #fb de ,pallio1 #c1 ,s$ arcana i/a nec omnium nosse4 #fc ad ,scap4 #c4 #fd ,! devils ent]$ into ! sw9e4 ,cf4 p4 #afd4 #fe ,pl9y to ,trajan1 #if1 #c1 p]t9aciam et inflexibilem ob/9ationem4 #ff ,m>cus ,aurelius1 xi1 #c4 ,cf4 ,ari/ides1 ,or4 #df1 :o attributes au?adeia1 to oi en te ,palai/9e dussebeis4 #fg ,hi/4 ,augu/4 ,m4 ,anton4 #af1 ,erat enim ipse tantae tranquillitatis ut vultum nunquam mutav]it ma]ore vel gaudio4 #fh ,apol4 #ej1 ,illa ipsa ob/9atio quam exprobratis magi/ra e/4 ,quis enim bib contemplatione eius concutitur ad requir5dum quid intus 9 re sit8 quis non ubi requisivit acc$it8 ubi accessit pati exoptat1 etc4 #fi ad4 ,scap4 #e4 ,quisque enim tantam tol]antiam spectans1 ut aliquo scrupulo p]cussus1 et inquir]e acc5ditur1 quid sit 9 causa1 et ubi cognov]it v]itatem et ipse /atim sequitur4 #gj ,scorpiace1 #h 7end74 #ga de te/im4 animae1 #b4 ,cf4 de cult4 fem4 ii1 #b1 ,timor fundam5tum salutis e/4 #gb de ,pa5it5tia1 #c4 #gc de ,pa5it4 #dj4 ,quid revolvis8 ,deus praecipit4 #gd ad ,natt4 i1 #a4 #ge de ,idol4 #e4 #gf de cor mil4 #aa1 non admittit /atus fidei necessitates4 #gg de ,idol4 #ab4 #gh de virg4 vel4 i1 ,dom9us no/] ,*ri/us v]itatem se non consuetud9em cognom9avit4 #gi de ,idol4 #aj4 #hj ,see ! correspond5ce ( ,ausonius & ,paul9us4 #ha ,dio ,cassius1 #fg1 #ad2 ,suetonius1 ,domit4 #ae2 ,eusebius1 ,e4,h4 iii1 #ah4 ,see ,e4 ,g4 ,h>dy1 ,/udies 9 ,roman ,hi/ory1 *4 v41 pp4 #ff1 #fg4 #hb ,to obta9 evid5ce--legal 9 ! case ( slaves4 #hc de ,idol4 #ag4 #hd ,cf4 adv4 ,val5t94 #e4 #he de cor4 mil4 #ac1 clavus latus 9 cruce ipsius4 ,!re is a sugge/ion ( a play ^u words4 #hf ad ,scap4 i1 op5+ s5t5ce ( ! tract4 #hg ad ,nat4 ii1 #a4 #hh ,apol4 #g4 ,cf4 ,scorp4 #aj1 synagogas ,judaeorum fontes p]secutionum4 #hi ,cf4 de fuga1 #ab2 ad ,scap4 #e4 #ij ,apol4 #g4 #ia de fuga1 #ad1 sit tibi et 9 tribus ecclesia4 #ib ad ,scap4 #d4 #ic ,passio ,p]petuae1 #f4 #id ,scorpiace1 #a4 #ie ,apol4 #cj4 #if ,scorp4 #aj4 #ig de anima1 #a4 #ih ,apol4 #af2 ad ,natt4 i1 #ad4 #ii ,scorpiace1 #a2 ! ref]5ce is to ,moses' bu%1 nec tam5 consumebatur4 #ajj ,apol4 #ba4 #aja ,scorpiace1 #d 7end74 #ajb;a de fuga1 #ad 7bo? passages74 #ajb;b de fuga1 #ad 7bo? passages74 #ajc de pudicitia1 #bb4 #ajd ,= ?is cry 9 v>i\s =ms see ,apol4 #dj2 de res4 c>n4 #bb2 de exh4 ca/it4 #ab2 de spect4 #bg1 conv5tus et caetus 444 illic guotidiani 9 nos leones expo/ulantur4 #aje ,scorpiace1 #aa1 ecce autem et odio habimur ab omnibus hom9ibus nom9is causa2 de anima1 #a1 non unius urbis s$ univ]si orbis iniquam s5t5tiam su/95s pro nom9e v]itatis4 #ajf ,cf4 de anima1 #a1 de patibulo et vivicombirio p] omne +5ium crudelitatis exhauriat4 #ajg ,apol4 #ej1 sem5 e/ sanguis ,*ri/ianorum4 #ajh de ,bapt4 #h4 #aji ,ibid4 #ah4 #aaj ,ironic *apt] 9 de pudicitia1 #a4 ,! edict is a te*nical t]m ( ! /ate1 & ! ,pontifex ,maximus 0 ! ,emp]or1 till ,gratian refus$ ! title 9 #cge ,a4,d4 #aaa ,scorpiace1 #f2 cf4 de ,bapt4 #af4 #aab de ,bapt4 #b4 #aac ,ibid4 #bj4 #aad ,ibid4 #d4 #aae ,ibid4 #d4 #aaf ,cf4 p4 #ajb4 #aag de ,bapt4 #e4 #aah de ,spectac4 #d2 de cor4 mil4 #c4 #aai de cor4 mil4 #c1 t] m]gitamur4 #abj de ,bapt4 #d4 #aba ,ibid4 #f4 #abb de ,bapt4 #h4 ,= o!r m9or details z to food & ba?+ see de cor4 mil4 #c4 #abc de ,spectac4 #d4 #abd de ,idol4 #f4 #abe de ,idol4 #aa4 ,cf4 ,h]mas1 ,m&ate1 #c1 on ly+ 9 bus9ess4 #abf de ,idol4 #i4 #abg ,ibid4 #bj4 #abh de cor4 mil4 #h4 #abi ,ibid4 #h4 #acj de ,idol4 #bd1 int] hos scopulos et s9us1 int] haec vada et freta idololatriae1 velificata spiritu dei fides navigat4 #aca de fuga1 #ac4 #acb ,apol4 #d4 #acc ,apol4 #f4 #acd ,gwatk91 ,! ,k ( ,god 7,gif=d ,lectures7 ii1 p4 #afc4 #ace ad ,natt4 i1 #e4 #acf ,cf4 pp4 #bj-bb4 #acg ,apol4 #ag1 ita eum vis magnitud9is et notum hom9ibus obicit et ignotum4 #ach ,apol4 #ba4 #aci ,*apt]s #bb to #bd give a good summ>y ( 8 views on daemons4 #adj ,celsus ref]s to ,*ri/ian discussion ( ?is2 ,orig51 adv4 ,cels4 iii #dc4 #ada ,cf4 ad4 ,scap4 #b1 ) argum5t f end ( _w4 #adb c4 #ci vide1 inquiunt1 ut invicem se diligant4 #adc ,epictetus1 ,d4 iii1 #bc4 #add ,clem5t1 ,/rom4 vi1 #ef1 philautia4 #ade de anima1 #a4 #adf ,cf4 de anima1 #f1 #ag1 #ah1 #bc1 etc4 #adg de ,praescr4 #g4 #adh adv4 ,m>c4 i1 #b4 #adi de res4 c>nis1 #b4 #aej de ,praescr4 #g4 #aea de ,praescr4 #ac4 #aeb de ,praescr4 #ae4 #aec de ,praescr4 #ba4 #aed de ,praescr4 #cg1 ,mea e/ possessio4 ,cf4 def9ition :i* says possessions appellantur agri 444 qui non mancipatione s$ usu t5ebantur et ut quisque occupav]at possidebat4 ,t]tullian improves ?is title z he goes on4 #aee ,?is gibe is 9 adv4 ,m>c4 i1 #e2 !re are pl5ty )\t x 9 adv4 ,val4 #aef adv4 ,h]mog4 #i1 iure1 b5eficio1 impetu1 id e/ dom9io prec>io vi4 #aeg de c>ne ,*ri/i1 #b4 #aeh de c>ne ,*ri/i1 #e1 ,quodcunque deo indignum e/ mihi exp$it4 #aei de c>ne ,*ri/i1 #e1 prorsus cr$ibile e/ quia ineptum e/1 444 c]tum e/ quia impossibile4444 ,quid dimidias m5dacio ,*ri/um8 ,totus v]itas fuit4 #afj de c>ne ,*ri/i1 #i1 trepidat p]haps repres5ts ! agonia ( ,luke4 #afa de res4 c>nis1 #ea4 #afb de pa5it4 #a4 #afc de pa5it4 #ab4 #afd ,scorpiace1 #ab #afe de ,idol4 #bd 7end71 ,vid]imus enim si secundum arcae typum et corvus et milvus et lupus et canis et s]p5s 9 ecclesia erit4 #aff de ,pud4 #bj4 #afg de anima1 #i4 #cdi ,,index ,absolute ,be+ 7( ,god71 #ic1 #aab1 #acc1 #ahh1 #bca1 #beg1 #bhh1 #bhi1 #bij-bib4 ,actium1 battle1 #b4 ,a,elian1 #bji4 ,a,esculapius 7,asklepios71 #bb1 #aia1 #bji1 #bba-bbc1 #bee1 #ccg4 ,alex&] ( ,abonotei*os1 #baa1 #bab4 ,alex&] ,sev]us1 #ad4 ,alex&ria1 #gh1 #gi1 #ha2 *4 ix41 beg9n+4 ,allegoric me?ods1 #gb1 #abf1 #aha1 #ahd1 #bbf1 #bgh1 #bhh4 ,anaxagoras1 #ajb4 ,ancyra1 monum5t1 #e4 ,angels1 #ae1 #ie1 #bgi1 #bha1 #cbi4 ,ant9\s1 #afj1 #agb1 #beb4 ,anton9us1 ,m4 ,aurelius1 ,emp]or1 see ,m>cus4 ,antony 7,m4 ,antonius1 ! ,triumvir71 #b1 #i4 ,anubis1 #bb1 #bji1 #baa1 #bcf4 ,apa?y1 #afa1 #bcb1 #bia1 #bib1 #big1 #cjb2 see also ,greek ,index4 ,apellas1 ,m4 ,julius1 #bba1 #bbb4 ,apelles1 ! pa9t]1 #bag4 ,apis1 #f4 ,apollo1 #e1 #hb1 #id4 ,apollonius ( ,tyana1 #ad4 ,apuleius1 see *4 vii4 g5]ally1 8 orig9 & hi/ory1 #bbh4 8 /udies1 #bbh4 8 m9d & /yle1 #bbg1 #bbh1 #bcd1 #bcg1 #ccg4 def5ce on *>ge ( ,magic1 #bbh1 #bcj4 ! ,gold5 ,ass1 #bbg1 #bcc-bcg4 on philosophy1 #bcj4 on gods1 #bca4 on my/]ies1 #bcj4 on human life1 #bca4 on religion1 #bcj4 ,aricia1 #bf4 ,ari/ides1 ,a,elius1 #bbb4 ,artemidorus ( ,daldia1 au?or ( a book on ! int]pretation ( dreams1 #hh1 #bbe-bbg4 ,arval ,bro!rs1 #i4 ,ass1 book once attribut$ to ,lucian1 #bj1 #ba1 #bbg4 ,a/rology1 #ah1 #ce1 #adg1 #cbi4 ,a/ronomy1 #bg1 #ig1 #bai1 #bgg1 #bha1 #bhe4 ,at>axia1 #baf1 #bai4 ,a!ns1 #gh1 #hj1 #bfg4 /ud5ts at ,a!ns1 #gh1 #hj1 #bbh4 ,attalus1 a ,/oic1 #da4 ,attis1 #ba4 ,augu/9e1 ,/1 #h1 #ab1 #ba1 #aff1 #bcg1 #cjg4 ,augu/us1 #a1 #b4 attempts to re=m /ate1 #c4 8 monum5t at ,ancyra1 #e4 8 sup]/itions1 #f4 re/oration ( religion1 #e-g1 #i1 #ad1 #cb4 8 sy/em ( gov]nm5t1 #cd4 effects ( 8 sy/em1 #ah1 #cc-cg4 ,baptisms1 #aji1 #aei1 #cbg-cbi4 ,b>nabas1 #aea1 #afe1 #ahj1 #aha1 #aib4 ,blood1 eat+ )1 #ae4 ,brahmans1 #bgj1 #cce4 ,britannicus1 #de4 ,briti% ,isles1 #bf1 #aje4 ,br[n+1 ,r41 quot$1 #bg1 #add4 ,buddha1 #bgj4 ,buddhism1 #fh4 ,burrus1 #dd-df4 ,c>lyle1 ,?omas1 #dj1 #da1 #aei1 #caa1 #cab1 #cac1 #ccf1 #cdf4 ,c>?age1 #aji1 #cjg4 ,catullus1 #ba4 ,celsus1 see *4 viii4 g5]ally4 :o 0 he8 #bci1 #bdj4 8 date1 #bdj4 8 m9d & /yle1 #bdj1 #bda1 #beh-bfa4 on folly ( ,*ri/ians1 #bda-bdc1 #bde4 on vulg>ity ( ,*ri/ians1 #bda1 #bdb4 on only believe1 #bdb1 #bej4 on ,*ri/ian acc\nt ( ,god1 #bdb-bdd4 & ,god's desc5t1 #bdf4 8 own acc\nt ( ,god1 #bdd1 #bde1 #bdf-bdh1 #bed4 & ( daemons1 #bed-bef4 ,*ri/ian ?9k+ an?ropoc5tric1 #bdc1 #bdd4 on evil1 #bdg4 on true religion1 #bdh1 #bed1 #bei1 #bfj4 on ance/ral religion1 #bed4 on inc>nation1 #bdh1 #bdi4 on ! hi/oric ,jesus1 #aag1 #agb1 #agc1 #bdi-beb4 on p]secution ( ,*ri/ians1 #bej1 #bge4 on ! sects1 #bej1 #bec4 on miracles & magic1 #bea4 on evid5ce ( oracles1 #bee1 #beh4 on ,*ri/ian plagi>isms1 #aag1 #beb4 on immortality1 #beb1 #bec4 8 plea = ,roman ,empire1 #bef1 #beg1 #bfa4 misses c5tre ( ,*ri/ian movem5t1 #bei4 quot$ *4 viii4 passim1 & pp4 #ie1 #aad1 #aaf1 #aag1 #aic1 #aid4 ,*a]onea1 #gi1 #hb1 #hf1 #bbc4 ,*aldaeans1 #ag1 #bjg1 #bgj4 ,*ri/ 9 prophecy1 #ahc-aic4 ,*ri/ian community & e>ly ,*ur*1 see *s4 v4 & vi4 g5]ally4 "n ,*ri/ian1 #aea4 its v>iety1 #ada1 #adc-adg4 its unity1 #ada1 #adc4 its univ]sality1 #adc1 #add4 ! new life1 #adb1 #aeb1 #aei-afb1 #afd-aff1 #cjb1 #cjc1 #cce4 its happ9ess1 #adb1 #adh1 #afe1 #aff4 conv]sion1 #adb1 #aej4 ,jewi% influ5ce1 #adc1 #add4 ,greek influ5ce1 #add1 #ade1 #afh4 ,roman influ5ce1 #adf4 fre$om f daemons1 #adf1 #adg1 #bhc1 #bhd4 daemons retaliate 9 p]secution1 #afd1 #cai4 k ( ,god1 #adg1 #cjj1 #cja4 ! ,holy ,_s1 #adb1 #adi-aea1 #agd4 ,jesus ! c5tre1 #ada1 #aea1 #aeb1 #aeg1 #aid1 #bei4 ,jesus ! example1 #bfd1 #bfe1 #bgb4 !ories z to ,jesus1 #aed-aeg1 #bge1 #bhi-bih1 #cdj1 #cda4 ! ecclesia ( ,god1 #aeh1 #beg4 organization ( ,*ri/ian society1 #aeg-aei1 #bfc1 #cci4 its sacram5ts1 #aeh1 #aei4 propagation1 #aei-afb1 #aif1 #bda4 wom51 #afc1 #ahj1 #caf4 m>riage1 #cjb1 #cjc1 #cad4 immortality1 #afc4 belief 9 second com+ ( ,*ri/1 #afd1 #cda4 p]secution1 #afd1 #afe1 #bej1 #bge1 #cai1 #cbc-cbf4 m>tyrs1 #adf1 #afe1 #cai-cba4 controv]sy ) ,judaism1 #afg-afi ff41 #age4 effect ( ?is1 #aid1 #aie4 admission ( ,g5tiles1 #afh4 sects1 #bej1 #bec4 ! great *ur*1 #bec4 spiritual religion1 #agi1 #aha1 #ahb4 its progress1 #aif1 #bfb1 #bfc f4 daily read+ ( ,scriptures1 #bhg4 "q ( philosophy1 #acd1 #ade1 #aef1 #aeg1 #bfc1 #bgd-bgf1 #ccf-cch4 t5acity ( hi/oric facts ( ,gospel1 #aac-aae1 #aai1 #ade1 #aeb1 #bga4 ! regula1 #cch1 #cci4 ! ark !ory1 #cdc4 ,*ri/ian feel+ t[>d ! ,empire1 #bdj1 #beg1 #cjc1 #cbb1 #ccd1 #cce4 ,*rysippus1 #ga1 #gc1 #if1 #bji1 #bdg4 ,cic]o1 ,m4 ,tullius1 #a1 #g1 #h4 8 wife & daught]1 #aj4 on div9ation1 #af1 #ag4 ,claudia ,acte1 #de4 ,claudius1 ,emp]or1 #dc1 #dd4 ,clean!s1 #ci1 #ga1 #bdg4 ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria1 see *4 ix4 g5]ally4 8 writ+s1 #bfg1 #bgi1 #bhb4 8 hi/ory1 #bff1 #bfg4 8 education1 #bfg-bgd4 ! my/]ies1 #bfi4 8 conv]sion1 #bga4 8 m9d & /yle1 #bfg1 #bgc1 #bhb1 #bic4 8 lit]>y int]e/s1 #bfg1 #bgc1 #bgg4 8 use ( ,scripture1 #bhg1 #bhh1 #bia4 on philosophy1 #bfh1 #bgc1 #bge-bhb4 8 ref]5ces to ,plato1 #bgc1 #bgi1 #bha1 #bhe1 #bhf1 #bif4 to ,euripides1 #bha1 #bhd4 8 use ( ,philo1 #bhi4 on k1 #bgb1 #cjj1 #cja4 unity ( k1 #bge4 on fai?1 #bdb1 #bhj1 #cjj4 on ,absolute ,god 7see also ,monad bel[71 #bij-bib4 on ! ,monad1 #bhf1 #bij4 ! love ( ,god & ,abba ,fa!r1 #bhe1 #bhf1 #bic1 #big4 on ! ,logos1 #bhc1 #bhg1 #bhi-bih1 on inc>nation1 #big1 #bih4 on ,jesus1 #bhc1 #bic1 #bih-cjj4 on ! cross1 #cjj1 #cjb4 on ,*ri/ian life1 #bgb1 #bhg1 #cjb1 #cjc4 on mann]s1 #bfd-bff4 on s91 #cjj4 on deification1 #cja1 #cjb4 on m>riage1 #cjb1 #cjc4 on ,*ri/ian tradition1 #bga1 on virg9-bir?1 #bii4 ,*ri/oc5tric1 #bgb1 #bgc1 #bgd4 ! ,protrepticus1 #bhb-bhg1 #bif4 ,clem5t quot$1 *4 ix4 passim1 & on pp4 #adi1 #aff1 #bdb1 #bdc1 #bdd1 #bdg1 #bdh1 #bea1 #beg1 #beh1 #bei1 #bfj4 ,cleopatra1 #b4 ,cons5sus ( mank9d z evid5ce1 #fh1 #ia1 #baj1 #cae4 ,cf4 ,t]tullian 7te/imonium animae74 ,cooks1 s*ools (1 #cjb1 #cca4 ,cornutus1 #da1 #ee4 ,critias1 v]ses (1 #d1 #e4 ,crocodiles wor%ipp$1 #ajh1 #aaa1 #bfe4 ,cupid & ,psy*e1 #bcd4 ,cybele1 #e1 #bj1 #ba1 #ajc4 ,cyprian1 #adg1 #aeh1 #cdc4 ,daemons1 #ad1 #ci1 #ei1 #id-ajb1 #ajc1 #aeb-aed1 #bed-bef4 n gods1 #id1 #bcb4 int]m$i>ies betwe5 gods & m51 #if1 #ig1 #ih1 #bbi1 #bcb4 subject to *ange1 #if4 gu>dian-daemons 7g5ius71 #ae1 #ei1 #ii1 #ajj1 #bcc1 #cjh4 may be se5 by ! physical eye1 #ii1 #ajj1 #bjg1 #bjh1 #bcb1 #bee4 communicate ) s\ls directly1 #aja1 #ajb4 au?ors ( pagan cults1 #ajg1 #bcb1 #bed4 relations ) oracles1 magic1 etc41 #ajb1 #ajh1 #bbi1 #bec4 res5t neglect1 #afd1 #bcc1 #bee4 _! tyranny1 #ai1 #ajg1 #adf1 #adg1 #bhd4 "s usurp names ( gods1 #ajg1 #ajh1 #bcb4 daemon-possession1 #ajj1 #aec4 glossolaly1 #aej4 dang]s f daemons1 #bef4 ! "n ( ,jesus & daemons1 #adg4 daemons ! fall5 angels1 #ie1 #bha4 daemon-!ory & ,emp]or-wor%ip1 #aed4 daemons misl$ ,jews z to law1 #aha4 =e/all$ ,*ri/ian sacram5ts1 #aei4 & facts ( ,*ri/ian tea*+1 #aia4 facts beh9d daemon-!ory1 #ajj1 #aej1 #aec1 #bbb1 #bca4 ,danc+1 secul> & sacr$1 #gf1 #gi1 #hj4 ,dea dia1 #i1 #ai4 ,delphi1 #hb1 #ib1 #ajb1 #ajg1 #ajh4 ,dio ,cassius1 #dh1 #cbb4 ,dio ,*ryso/om1 #hj1 #cab4 ,diodorus ,siculus1 #e4 ,diog5es ,la]tius1 #ci4 ,diog5es ( ,o9o&a1 #bag-bbj4 ,dionysus1 #ih1 #ajh1 #aia1 #bej4 ,div9ation1 #af1 #ag1 #bbi4 ,docetism1 #adf1 #aed1 #aeg1 #bii4 ,domitian1 #di1 #ha1 #cbb4 ,dreams /udi$1 #f1 #bbe-bbg4 ,druids1 #bgj4 ,ec/asy1 #aja1 #ajb1 #aec1 #cde4 ,egyptian religion1 #ba1 #be1 #ef1 #baa1 #bfe1 #bgj2 see ,isis1 ,osiris1 ,s]apis4 ,emp]or-wor%ip1 #afc4 ,ennius1 #c4 ,epictetus1 see *4 ii4 g5]ally4 8 hi/ory1 #di-ej4 8 solitude1 #ej-eb4 8 habits1 #eb4 8 celebrity1 #ec4 on cleanl9ess1 #eb4 a relic ( ,epictetus1 #ec1 8 tea*+1 #ej1 #ec4 quot$ ?r\gh\t *4 ii4 ,epicurus1 #af1 #ag1 #bah-bbj1 #bha1 #bhb1 #bhe4 ,epidauros1 #bba1 #bbb4 ,euclid1 #hj1 #bge4 ,euhem]us1 #e1 #ajf4 ,euripides1 #bdc1 #bgj1 #bha1 #bhd1 #bhe1 #bhg4 ,fauns1 #ab1 #ac4 ,flavius ,clem5s1 #cbb4 ,francis1 ,/1 #dj1 #di4 ,frava%i1 #ae4 ,fre$m51 #cc1 #ce4 ,gad>5es1 #abc1 #bjc4 ,gaius1 ,emp]or1 #cd4 ,gal51 #afj4 ,g>l&s1 use (1 #bcj1 #bfe4 ,gellius1 ,aulus1 #ec1 #hj1 #hg1 #bac4 ,g5ius1 see ,daemons4 ,g]mans1 #cf1 #bjj1 #baa1 #bgj4 ,giants1 #bjh4 ,gibbon1 #cje4 ,gladiatorial %[s1 #cf1 #cab1 #cac4 ,/oic criticism1 #fc4 ,*ri/ian criticism1 #afb4 ,glossolaly1 see ,tongues4 ,gno/icism & ,gno/ics1 #bfc1 see ,m>cion & ,val5t9us4 ,god1 see ,absolute ,be+4 ,gold5 ,age1 #g1 #cc1 #cf1 #aga4 ,gospels1 #aac-aae4 cr$ibility1 #aad1 #aae4 ,greece1 depopulat$1 #gh4 ,gu>dian1 see ,daemons4 ,gyges1 my? (1 #cd4 ,hades1 value ( ! belief 9 x1 #e4 describ$ by ^? :o h se5 x1 #aje1 #bjh4 ! gospel prea*$ 9 ,hades by ,*ri/ & apo/les1 #aja1 #bhj4 ,hadrian1 #hh1 #bjj1 #beb1 #bfb4 ,h]aclitus1 #bai1 #bdg1 #beb1 #bec4 ,h]akles1 #fb1 #ih1 #agc1 #aia1 #bej4 ,h]mas1 #dh1 #aff1 #bhj1 #cbi1 #cdd4 ,h]odotus1 #cd1 #bee4 ,hesiod1 #ih4 ,hi]odules1 #bb1 #agb4 ,holy1 #aa1 #ac1 #ai4 ,holy ,_s1 see ,*ri/ian community4 ,horace1 #i1 #ac1 #cj1 #gh4 ,odes on ! ,augu/an re=mation1 #f1 #g4 8 own feel+s on religion1 #aj1 #bh4 on sup]/ition1 #ag4 8 conv]sion1 #ah4 ,human sacrifices1 #bf1 #ajg4 ,hymn ( ! ,s\l1 ,gno/ic1 #ae4 ,idols1 meat (f]$ to1 #af4 ,ignatius1 #adf1 #aeh1 #aei1 #afa1 #afc1 #agd4 ,immortality1 #ca1 #fh-gj1 #ajd1 #aje1 #afc1 #afd1 #beb1 #bec4 ,incubation1 #bb1 #bc1 #ii1 #bba4 ,indians1 #bgj4 ,inspiration1 #ajc1 #afi1 #agd1 #bhg1 #ccc1 #cdb4 ,ir5aeus1 #cbc4 ,isis1 #bb-bd1 #ih1 #ii1 #ajf1 #ajg1 #aaj1 #aaa1 #bce-bcg4 ,jesus1 see *apt]s iv4 & v4 g5]ally2 see ,*ri/4 ,life ( ,jesus h>dly possible1 #aae4 dates available1 #aae4 8 "* c be kn[n1 #aae1 #aaf4 8 p]sonality c5tre ( ,*ri/ian movem5t1 #aaf1 #aci1 #ada1 #aea1 #aeb1 #aeg1 #aid1 #beg4 repeat$ 9 p]sonality ( 8 foll[]s1 #aci1 #adj4 8 /yle1 criticiz$ by ,celsus1 #aag4 8 conv]sation1 #aag-abj4 hum\r or playfulness 9 8 talk1 #aah1 #aai1 #abg4 8 mann]1 #aai4 8 fix$ gaze1 #abc4 8 p>ables z rem9isc5ces1 #abj4 8 *ildhood & y\?1 #abj1 #aba4 8 "m & fa!r1 #abj1 #aba4 ,abba1 #aba1 #acg1 #adh1 #adi1 #aej1 #beg1 #bfj1 #bhf4 ,am51 #abe4 on *ildr51 #aba1 #abb4 on be+ born aga91 #abb4 outdoor life1 #abb1 #abc4 on wild nature1 #abc2 cf4 #bfe4 8 reality1 #abc-abg4 ang]1 #abc4 on self-deception1 #abd4 on vulg> vices1 #abd4 on pov]ty & hung]1 #abd1 #abe2 cf4 #bfd1 #cdf4 en]gy ( "*1 #abe4 on traditional beliefs1 #abe4 8 use ( ,scripture1 #abf4 8 temptations1 #abf-acj4 8 weakness1 #abg1 #cdj4 ! agony 9 ! g>d51 #abh1 #abi4 8 betrayal1 #abh1 #abi4 8 exp]i5ce ( m51 #abh1 #acj4 8 disposition = private fri5d%ips1 #abi4 8 belief 9 common m51 #acj happ9ess 9 ,god c5tre ( 8 ,gospel1 #acj1 #acd1 #aej1 #afe1 #aff4 on hol9ess1 #aca-acc4 on rituals & taboos1 #acc4 on relation ) ,god1 #acj1 #acc-ach4 8 intuition1 #acd4 on ,fa!rhood ( ,god1 #acd-ace4 on lik5ess to ,god1 #ace4 on in/9ct1 #ace1 #acf4 on ,la/ ,judgm5t1 #acf4 on ,k+dom ( ,god1 #acg4 on ,messiah%ip1 #abh1 #ach4 8 cross1 #ach1 #aci1 #aec1 #afc1 #bej1 #bea1 #cjj1 #cjb4 ! cr[n ( ?orns1 #bfe4 ! _s ( ,jesus1 #aci1 #aej1 #afh4 ,*ri/ian tea*+ ( resurrection1 #adf1 #afc1 #agc1 #cdj4 ,jesus 9 e>ly ,*ur*1 #aea4 !ories z to ,jesus1 #aed-aeg1 #cdj4 second com+1 #afd1 #cda4 connexion ) ,judaism1 #afg ,jewi% sl&]s on ,jesus1 #agb1 #agc4 attack ( ,celsus1 #agb1 #agc1 #bdi-beb4 bett] kn[n ?an ! ,logos1 #cch4 ,jews1 see ,judaism4 exil$ f ,pale/9e1 #ahj4 set mobs aga9/ ,*ri/ians1 #afi1 #cbc1 #cbd4 ,john ! ,bapti/1 #aae4 ,judaism1 see *4 vi4 g5]ally4 among ,greeks & ,romans1 #aa1 #gj1 #ajc4 its hi/ory1 #afi-agb4 its ,messianic future1 #adc1 #agj-agb4 its morality1 #adc4 its casui/ry1 #aca4 its tribal "*1 #acb1 #add4 its taboos1 #aca1 #acb1 #agh4 its mono!ism1 #adc1 #adf1 #afi1 #agb1 #agc4 its tea*+ on s91 #add4 its ,scriptures1 #add1 #agd4 influ5ce on ,greek read]s1 #agf4 prophecy ( ,*ri/ 9 ,scriptures1 #ahc-aic4 ,judaism & ,jesus1 #afg4 ,judaism & ,paul1 #afg-afi4 resi/ance to ,*ri/ianity1 #afi-agd1 #ahj4 circumcision1 #aga1 #agg1 #agi1 #ahj4 ,sabba?1 #aa1 #acb1 #aga1 #agg-aha4 anti-,*ri/ian propag&a1 #agb1 #agc1 #cbd4 ,*ri/ian argum5ts aga9/ ,judaism1 #agf-aic4 ,jewi% law tempor>y1 #aha1 #ahb4 ,julian1 #bc1 #afb1 #bfj4 ,julius ,caes>1 ,c41 #a1 #gh1 #cjg4 ,julius ,caes> 7,%akespe>e's71 #aci4 ,juno 7gu>dian71 #ei4 ,jupit] ,capitol9us1 #ai4 ,ju/9 ,m>tyr1 #gb1 #adh1 #afe1 #agf-aic1 #cah1 #cbc2 see *4 vi4 g5]ally4 ,juv5al1 #ba1 #bc1 #bd1 #ee1 #acb1 #bjb4 ,k+1 t]m appli$ to ,roman ,emp]or1 #cd1 #bef4 ,kyphi1 #ajc4 ,lactantius1 #ahc1 #bcg4 ,l>es1 #e1 #aa1 #ad1 #bcc4 ,l>vae1 #af4 ,lemures1 #af1 #bcc4 ,l951 9 religi\s ritual1 #bb1 #baa1 #bbd1 #bcj1 #bcf1 #ccj4 ,livy1 #h1 #ag4 ,logos sp]maticos 7,/oic71 see ,greek ,index4 ,logos 7,*ri/ian71 #ach1 #aef1 #aeg1 #ahi2 see also "u ,clem5t4 ,lucian1 see *4 vii4 8 orig9 & hi/ory1 #bja1 #bjb4 8 ,dialogues1 #bjb f4 8 m9d & /yle1 #bjc1 #bjd1 #bae4 on philosophy1 #bje1 #bjf1 #bji4 on ! ,cele/ial ,city1 #bje4 on ! gods1 #bji-baa4 on human life1 #bac-bae4 on sup]/ition1 #bjf-bjh4 ,philopseudes1 #bjf-bjh4 on life aft] dea?1 #bad1 #bae4 on ,*ri/ians1 #afb1 #bab4 quot$1 pp4 #ec1 #afb1 #afc4 ,lucretius1 #ab1 #af1 #bj1 #cj1 #ga4 on religion1 #be1 #bf1 #bg4 on ,nature1 #be4 ,lup]cal1 #e4 ,lup]calia1 #i4 ,magians1 #ac1 #ih1 #aje1 #bgj4 ,magic1 #ah1 #bjg1 #bbi1 #bcj1 #bcc1 #bea1 #bef1 #cce4 ,mantic 7see ,oracles & ,daemons71 #aja4 ,m>cion1 #aad1 #aic1 #cae1 #cag1 #ccg-cdj4 ,m>cus ,aurelius1 ,emp]or1 #fc1 #acj1 #aif-bja1 #baa1 #bbe1 #bea1 #cai4 criticism ( ,*ri/ians1 #aih1 #bjj1 #bdd1 #bgd4 ,m>riage1 #afj1 #bbi1 #bii1 #cjb1 #cjc4 ,m>tyrs1 #adf1 #afe1 #cai-cbf4 ,maximilla1 #afc1 #cdd4 ,maxim9 ,daza1 #afb1 #bfj4 ,m5&]1 #ii1 #bff1 #bfg4 ,messal9a1 #dc1 #dd4 ,messiah1 #ach1 #aef1 #agj1 #agc4 ,metempsy*osis1 #db1 #afd1 #beb4 ,mi?ras1 #aje1 #aia1 #baj1 #bef1 #bfj1 #cag1 #cah4 ,mon>*y1 #cd4 ,mona/icism1 #bd4 ,mono!ism1 #ai1 #id1 #adc1 #adf1 #adh4 ,montanism1 #cbg1 #cdc1 #cdf4 ,moses be=e ,greek lit]ature1 #agf1 #bha4 man be=e ,moses1 #cae4 a magician1 #bcj4 ,"m ( ! gods1 see ,cybele4 ,muhammad1 #aia4 ,my/agogue1 #gh1 #ii1 #bec1 #bfi ,my/]ies1 #f1 #gf1 #ib1 #ade1 #aeh1 #bcj1 #bfi1 #bhd1 #bhg4 ,napoleon1 #dd4 ,nature1 9 philosophy1 #cf1 #ci1 #eg1 #eh1 #ff1 #cad-cag4 ,necromancy1 #ii1 #aje4 ,neo-,platonism1 #aaa4 ,n]o1 #dd-dg4 ,nicopolis1 #di4 ,numa1 ,k+-- inv5tor ( religion1 #h4 & ! nymph1 ,eg]ia1 #ajj4 ,nurs]y tales1 #cjh4 ,octavian1 see ,augu/us4 ,o9o&a1 #bag4 ,oracles1 #bbc1 #bee4 _! numb]s1 #gh4 _! evid5ce z to gods1 #ib1 #bee4 z to immortality1 #ajd4 daemons & oracles1 #aja1 #ajb1 #bee2 see ,daemons4 oracle ( ,trophonius1 #bbd1 #bee4 ,orig51 #aad4 8 book aga9/ ,celsus2 see *4 viii4 passim4 ,orpheus1 #ad1 #ih1 #agc1 #bha1 #bhc4 ,osiris1 #ih1 #aaa1 #bcc1 #bcg1 #ccj4 ,ovid1 #c1 #h1 #ab1 #ac1 #ad1 #ae1 #af1 #bc1 #ei4 ,pan & ,pans1 #ab1 #ac4 ,panta5us1 #bff1 #bga4 ,pan!ism1 #bi1 #ch1 #eh4 ,paul1 #adh-aej1 #aed-aef1 #afg-afi1 #agd1 #agg4 ,pausanias1 ! travell]1 #bbb-bbe1 #bfh1 #bgj4 ,p5ates1 #h1 #ad4 ,p]egr9us ,proteus1 #bab1 #bac4 ,p]petua1 ! m>tyr1 #hh1 #bbi1 #cjh1 #cbd4 ,p]sius1 #da1 #ee1 #ef1 #fg1 #fh4 ,philo1 #abe1 #aec1 #aef1 #aid1 #bhi1 #bij4 ,photagogue1 #bfi4 ,piso's conspiracy1 #dg4 ,plagi>ism1 #aag1 #beb1 #bha4 ,plato1 #cd1 #ej1 #gb1 #if1 #ig1 #ajb1 #aag1 #aah1 #ace1 #adi1 #bbi-bcb1 #bdd1 #bde1 #beb1 #bgj1 #bhe1 #bhh1 #bhi1 #bic1 #ccf1 #ccg4 ,pl9y1 ! ,eld]1 #ac1 #ah1 #bf4 ,pl9y1 ! ,y\ng]1 #hb1 #bjh1 #cca4 ,plot9us1 #ii1 #ajj4 ,plut>*1 see *4 iii4 g5]ally4 8 hi/ory1 #gh-hh4 8 city1 #gi1 #hb4 8 family1 #gi-hj4 8 fri5ds1 #hj1 #ha4 8 wife & *ildr51 #he1 #hf4 8 slaves1 #hf-hh4 8 travels1 #ha4 8 poor ,lat91 #ha4 8 /udies1 #hc4 8 writ+s1 #hc-he4 8 "*1 #hc-he1 #hi1 #aje4 8 philosophy1 #hi-ia1 #aje1 #aaj4 defect 9 8 ?9k+1 #hc1 #he1 #aaj1 #aaa4 value ( 8 "w1 #ij1 #aaj1 #aaa4 ! anci5t fai? ( our fa!rs1 #gf1 #hi4 on ! k ( ! div9e1 #ia-ic4 on ,absolute ,be+ & transc5d5ce ( ,god1 #ic1 #id1 #ig1 #aje4 ,provid5ce & ! gov]nm5t ( ! univ]se1 #ic-if4 on deputy gods & daemons 7q4v471 #id-ajb4 ! gu>dian1 #ii4 on ,mantic 7oracles1 div9ation1 etc471 #ajj-ajc4 on sup]/ition1 #ajc4 on pleasures ( fai?1 #gf1 #ajd4 on immortality1 #ajd1 #aje4 on evil1 #aje4 8 apocalypses1 #aje4 on def5ce ( tradition1 #gf1 #ajf-ajh1 #aaa4 on purification ( leg5ds1 #ajf-ajh4 on que/ionable rituals1 #ajg1 #ajh4 on ! ,/oics1 #fd1 #ff1 #fh1 #gb1 #gc1 #hb1 #id1 #ie1 #ig1 #ii4 quot$1 *4 iii4 passim2 also pp4 #db1 #ef1 #fj1 #ff1 #fh1 #gb1 #gc1 #acf4 ,polybius1 on ,roman religion1 #c-d4 ,polyc>p1 #afe4 ,pontifex ,maximus1 #f1 #cbg4 ,porphyry1 #ii4 ,prisca1 #afc1 #cdd4 ,prop]tius1 #h4 ,prud5tius1 #g1 #aa4 ,psy*omanteion1 #ii4 ,punic language1 etc41 #bbi1 #cjh1 #cai4 ,py?agoras1 #db1 #ee1 #if1 #agc4 ,qu9tilian1 #i1 #dc1 #dh4 ,religion-- nature (1 #ai4 developm5t (1 #bd4 ,ori5tal1 #bd4 poly!ism kn[s no false gods1 #be4 h[ to judge religions1 #dj4 city cults1 #ef4 ,gospels1 #ef4 & philosophy1 #acb4 ,see also ,jesus1 ,*ri/ian community1 & ,plut>*4 ,rhetoric1 #cg1 #da1 #dc1 #hb1 #he1 #bjb1 #bbf1 #bbh1 #bca1 #bfg1 #bfh1 #caj4 ,rome-- h] empire gift ( gods1 #g1 #hb1 #ccd4 gov]nm5t ( empire1 #a1 #b1 #cc1 #ada4 rise ( sup]/ition1 #ah4 "u ! ,emp]ors1 #cc-cg4 influ5ce ( ,/oics1 #ci4 wom5 ( ,rome1 #da1 #ea-eb4 its cr[ds ( p1 #dg1 #dh4 z a s*ool = virtue1 #di4 ,plut>* at ,rome1 #ha4 art collections1 #ade4 ,sabba?1 #aa1 #acb1 #aga4 ,sacrifice1 human1 #bf1 #ajg4 ,salvation1 #ed1 #fg1 #aea4 ,satyrs1 #ab1 #ac4 ,scepticism1 #baf1 #bag4 ,scillitan m>tyrs1 #cai4 ,scriptures s\rce ( ,greek philosophy1 #agf1 #bha1 #bhe4 ,sealsk91 z protection aga9/ ?und]1 #f4 ,self-exam9ation1 #ed1 #ee4 ,s5eca1 see *4 ii4 g5]ally4 8 hi/ory1 #da-dg4 8 p>5ts1 #da1 #dc4 8 tea*]s1 #da-dc4 8 /yle1 #dc4 exile1 #dc-dd4 m9i/]1 #dd-df4 8 end1 #dg4 8 "*1 #dg-di4 8 books1 #de1 #df4 8 lett]s1 #dh4 8 tea*+1 #di4 on popul> gods & sup]/ition1 #ag1 #di4 self-exam9ation1 #ed4 quot$1 *4 ii4 passim2 also pp4 #ae1 #ca1 #ia4 ,s]apis1 #ba-bd4 ,s]vius1 comm5tator on ,virgil1 #h1 #ae4 ,s]vius ,sulpicius1 #aj4 ,s]vius ,tullius1 #ad4 ,sextus ,empiricus1 #d1 #baf1 #bag4 ,slav]y1 #cf1 #eb4 ,socrates1 #ch1 #gb1 #gc1 #aag1 #adh1 #bcc4 ,solomon1 ,psalms (1 #agj4 ,sotion1 a ,py?agorean1 #db4 ,sp]maticos ,logos1 see ,greek ,index4 ,/]culus1 #ccd4 ,/oicism1 see *ap4 ii4 g5]ally2 see ,epictetus1 ,m>cus ,aurelius1 & ,s5eca2 see ,greek ,index = ,sp]maticos ,logos & o!r te*nical t]ms4 unity ( exi/5ce1 #cg1 #ef1 #eg1 #eh1 #ig1 #cad4 man a fragm5t ( ,god1 #ch1 #eh1 #fj4 ! s\l1 #ch4 ,god1 #eh4 poly!ism & p]sonality ( gods1 #gj1 #gc1 #gf1 #ie4 wor%ip ( ,god1 #eg4 ,god )91 #fa1 #adh4 ,holy ,_s1 #fa1 #fe4 ,provid5ce1 #ch1 #ei-fa1 #ga4 h>mony ) ,nature1 #ci1 #ff4 argum5t f cons5sus1 #fh1 #ia4 div9ation1 #af1 #ag1 #ib4 daemons1 #ei1 #gj4 ! gu>dian1 #eh1 #ei4 ! example1 #gb1 #gc4 fatalism1 #fj4 pray]1 #ff1 #aii1 #bjj4 endurance1 #fj4 duty1 #fa4 ! hymn to ,zeus1 #fa1 #afe4 mank9d1 #fc4 failure ( ,/oicism1 #fc f41 #fg1 #ge4 on pity1 #fe4 ! w1 #fe-fh4 ! feel+s1 #ff4 s91 #fg1 #fh immortality1 #fh-gj1 #afd4 ! f9al conflagration1 #fi1 #gb1 #afd4 criticism ( ,/oicism among ! anci5ts1 #fd1 #fe1 #ff1 #fg1 #fh1 #gj1 #ga-gc1 #hb1 #ie1 #ig1 #ii1 #afd1 #bje1 #bjf1 #baf1 #bhe1 #bhh1 #bia4 ,/rabo1 ! ,geograph]1 #bf1 #bbc4 ,sup]/ition1 see *s4 i4 & vii4 no refuge 9 sleep f x1 #ag1 #aji4 practices1 #aji1 #bcj4 beliefs1 #bjf-bjh4 ,syriac1 #bja4 ,syrians1 #ef1 #ajc1 #bjg4 ,taboos1 #aca1 #acb4 ,tacitus1 #cc1 #cg4 ,tatian1 #ade-adg1 #adh1 #afd1 #bga1 #cah4 ,taurobolium1 #fg1 #gj4 ,t]tullian1 see *4 x4 g5]ally4 conv5tional acc\nts ( him1 #cje1 #cjf1 #cac4 8 "w1 #cjf4 8 hi/ory1 #cjg-cbb4 8 education1 #cjh-caj4 8 rhetoric1 #cji-caa4 8 m9d & /yle1 #caa1 #cab1 #cbe1 #ccj1 #cdf4 8 lit]>y int]e/s1 #cji1 #cba4 8 int]e/ 9 m$ic9e1 #cji4 8 int]e/ 9 law1 #cji1 #ccj1 #cca1 #ccb1 #cci1 #cdj4 8 ,/oicism1 #cad4 on ,nature1 #cad-cag4 ,nature's beauty1 #cag4 z to asceticism1 #caf1 #cde4 on man1 #caf4 8 conv]sion1 #cah-cba4 te/imonium animae1 #cae1 #cbj1 #ccc4 on ,god1 #cae-cag1 #cbh4 on s91 #cbg4 on =giv5ess1 #cbg4 on baptism1 #cbg-cbi4 on ! ,scriptures1 #cae1 #ccb1 #ccc4 on prophecies ( ,*ri/ 9 ,old ,te/am5t1 #agh-ahj1 #ahd1 #ahh1 #ahi1 #aic4 on philosophy & philosoph]s1 #ccf-cch4 on h]esy & h]etics1 #cch-cda4 on idolatry1 #cba1 #cbb1 #cbi4 on w>1 #cab4 on !atre1 #cac4 on amphi!atre1 #cab1 #cac1 #cbd4 on m>riage & *ild-bir?1 #cad1 #caf1 #cde4 on ,*ri/ian life1 #cce4 on trade1 #cbi4 on p]secution1 #cah-cbj1 #cbc-cbf4 on m>tyrdom1 #cai-cba1 #cbd-cbg4 8 ,apology1 #ccj-ccf4 on ! ,*ur*1 #cdc f4 on ,montanism1 #cdd f4 on ec/asy1 #cde4 on ! ,p>aclete1 #cdd4 on pagan gods1 #g4 ,t]tullian quot$1 *s4 vi4 & x4 passim2 also pp4 #ag1 #ah1 #ga1 #gc1 #ic1 #ajc1 #ajh1 #aaa1 #acg1 #adb1 #adc1 #adh1 #afj1 #afa1 #afe1 #aff1 #aig1 #bab1 #bdj1 #bdc1 #bdh1 #bdi1 #bej1 #bea1 #bed1 #bef4 ,!ophilus1 #adh1 #cah4 ,?oreau1 #cbf4 ,?rasea ,paetus1 #dj1 #de1 #aea4 ,tib]ius1 #cc1 #cd4 ,tibullus1 #aa4 ,tongues1 speak+ )1 #adb1 #adi1 #aec1 #agd4 ,trag$ies1 #cg4 ,trajan1 #ce1 #cca4 ,trees1 holy1 #ac1 #bcj4 ,trophonius1 oracle (1 #bbd1 #bee4 ,trypho1 *4 vi4 passim4 ,val5t9us & 8 s*ool1 #bii1 #cjh1 #cdj4 ,v>ro-- on national value ( deceit 9 religion1 #e1 #cdc4 8 books on ! gods1 #h1 #i1 #cji4 c\nt$ an enemy ( religion1 #h1 #aj ,veget>ianism1 #bd1 #db1 #ajh4 ,virgil1 see *4 i41 #bh-cb4 8 hi/ory1 #bh4 ! civil w>s1 #a1 #bh4 ,italy1 #bh4 on ,nature1 #bi4 on ,man1 #ca4 on religion1 #ca1 #cb4 ,virg9-bir?s1 #ajj1 #ahi-aib1 #bii1 #ccd ,wells1 holy1 #ac4 ,wit*es1 #ig1 #bcc4 ,wordswor?1 #b1 #cj1 #fd1 #gg1 #hf4 ,x5ophanes1 #af1 #aaa1 #bib4 ,z5o1 #ci1 #gb1 #ccc4 ,zoology1 anci5t1 #aha1 #bbi4 ,zoroa/]1 #ih1 #aje1 #bcj4 #cei ,,greek ,,index apa!ia1 #ff1 #cjb4 apa!s1 #bia1 #bib1 #big1 #bii4 aporroia1 #aec1 #cjd1 apospasma t\ !\1 #ch4 aut>kes1 #ca4 g5esis1 #bc1 #fa1 #ih4 gigne/ha1 #gj4 daimon1 #ci2 see ,daemons4 dogmata1 #fe1 #aii4 en!os1 #ib1 #aec2 cf4 #agd4 en?\siodes1 #ajb4 ennoia1 #ef1 #bdd1 #bha1 #bie4 epeke9a1 #bde4 !oma*e91 #fe1 #aji4 !otokos1 #ba4 !ophortos1 #ba4 kosmios1 #ch1 #fd4 krasis1 #ajb4 logos1 see sp]matikos logos4 hola1 ta1 #ei1 #bij1 #bia4 pa!tos1 #aee1 #ahi1 #big4 pa?os1 #ff1 #ajc4 pneuma1 #aja1 #ajb1 #bie4 pneuma diapuron1 #ch4 pneuma en?\sia/ikon1 #ajb4 politeia t\ kosm\1 #ci4 proairesis1 #fe1 #bgi4 sp]matikos logos1 #cg1 #ef1 #fd1 #ga1 #gg1 #adh1 #aef4 ta epi soi1 #ci1 #fe1 #ff4 phantasiai1 #ci1 #ea1 #aja1 #baf4 phanta/ikon1 to1 #ajc4 ,,pr9t$ ,,by ,,turnbull ,,& ,,spe>s1 ,,ed9burgh