,note3 ,images of the original pages are available through ,internet ,archive4 ,see http3_/_/www4archive4org_/details_/repai rmendingofb#jj;browrich ,transcriber's note3 ,text enclosed by underscores is in italics 7italics74 ,small capital letters were replaced with ,,all ,,capitals4 ,,mending ,,and ,,repair ,,of ,,books ,compiled by ,,margaret ,,wright ,,brown ,fourth ,edition ,revised by ,,gertrude ,,stiles ,supervisor of ,binding1 ,cleveland ,public ,library ,american ,library ,association ,publishing ,board ,chicago #aiba ,,contents ,,page ,,introductory ,,note #g ,,when ,,to ,,bind ,,or ,,when ,,to ,,mend #i ,,the ,,mending ,,table3 ,,its ,,supplies #aa ,,paste1 ,,the ,,mending ,,medium #ab ,,ways ,,to ,,mend #ac ,,ways ,,to ,,clean #ai ,,binding ,,record #ba ,,temporary ,,binders #bc ,,introductory ,,note ,the task of mending demands so much of the time and energy of library workers and is a factor of such economic importance in every public library that it cannot be put aside as incidental4 ,it is hoped that these suggestions may give definite aid in this homely task which is ever present in all libraries4 ,no attempt has been made to give instruction in the advanced processes of mending1 as this at once encroaches on the art of binding4 ,the best mending can be done only where an acquaintance with the construction of the book has been acquired through a study of the various processes of binding4 ,librarians are urged to visit binderies to see the various processes2 and to study the art of binding under personal instruction of experienced binders whenever this is feasible4 ,it is not probable that any one librarian will use all of the processes suggested1 and some of these will apply only to exceptional cases2 but the directions cover diversified conditions in order that the librarian may have the necessary information whenever required4 ,,the ,,experienced ,,mender4 ,this handbook has not been prepared for the use of the larger libraries where a bindery is a part of the equipment1 or where there are members of the staff trained in binding and hence experienced menders4 ,,the ,,inexperienced ,,mender4 ,the purpose of this handbook is to give practical aid and guidance to librarians who are entirely inexperienced in the work of mending and repair of books and whose knowledge must be gained through self-instruction4 ,the compilers have drawn upon many sources and have endeavored to make available the suggestions received and methods used by many librarians and practical binders1 and grateful acknowledgment is herewith made for the co-operation and helpful suggestions received from them4 ,mending and ,repair of ,books 99 99 99 99 99 ,,when ,,to ,,bind ,,or ,,when ,,to ,,mend ,the question when to bind or when to mend is of daily recurrence1 and a decision must be made upon the examination of every circulating book returned1 before placing it on the shelves4 ,the answer will depend largely on the policy of the library regarding the binding question4 ,no library can afford to circulate shabby1 soiled or ragged books1 because3 7#a7 ,from an economic standpoint1 a book's ultimate usefulness1 or life1 is materially shortened by neglect to bind at first sign of need4 7#b7 ,when books are given proper care by the library1 standards are set which insure a like treatment on the part of the reading public4 7#c7 ,the reading public has a right to expect that its books shall be clean and whole1 and that its property shall be in proper condition for satisfactory use4 ,,when ,,to ,,bind ,when the stitches break and a section or a few leaves fall out1 the book should be sent to the bindery immediately4 ,this is happening daily with the original publishers' bindings4 ,if the book is removed from the shelves the librarian is at once confronted by the problem of being unable to answer the unceasing cry for the last new novel1 as it is the fiction which is usually in this condition4 ,however1 if the book is allowed to circulate a few more times there are pages missing and the book has become valueless4 ,no book should be rebound with pages missing4 ,when the stitches have not broken1 but either a few or all the sections have become loose3 ,there is no excuse for the librarian to leave upon her shelves or permit to circulate books that are held together only by the slender threads with which they are sewed and threatening at any moment to come tumbling forth from the cover4 ,such books speak in no uncertain terms for rebinding or permanent withdrawal from the shelves4 ,shall books be sent to the bindery when in greatest demand8 ,,yes1 when they cannot be circulated further without permanent injury to them4 ,such books should be hastened through the bindery by statement to binder regarding immediate need4 ,if your present binder cannot bind promptly1 find one who will4 ,the prompt rebinding of a book more than doubles its life4 ,if the book has been reinforced at first sign of giving way 7see page #af7 all the temporary assistance that can safely be given has been rendered and if the book is of permanent value to the library it must be rebound4 ,,when ,,to ,,mend ,when the stitches are not broken or loosened1 and still hold sections firmly together4 ,when the joints are loose4 ,when the book has once been rebound4 ,the tendency among librarians is to mend too much before rebinding4 ,mending makes rebinding more difficult and jeopardizes the life of the book4 ,it is only in rare cases1 as for example when a book is out of print1 and yet valuable to the library1 that a second rebinding is justified4 ,,when ,,to ,,replace ,will it be cheaper to mend a book and1 when its short life is done1 withdraw and replace with a new copy8 ,,yes1 when the original cost is less than rebinding4 ,,note--,in the decision to replace1 the labor of accessioning and withdrawal must always be taken into account4 ,the fresh1 clean copies of the easy books and other good1 inexpensive juvenile books are to be preferred to rebound copies4 ,if the original binding is so poor that a second copy would shortly be in the same condition as the first1 it is then advisable to send the book promptly to the bindery for recasing1 preferably before circulating4 ,greater durability is thus insured4 ,if the book has an attractive original cover it is preserved and the value of the book enhanced thereby4 ,,yes1 when the paper is of such poor quality that the leaves break away from the stitching4 ,,yes1 when the book is extremely soiled2 replace1 even if it costs more than rebinding4 ,,yes1 when a new edition1 or better books on the same subject have been published4 ,in replacing fiction1 inexpensive editions are available for many popular titles in the ,grosset ,dunlap edition1 ,burt ,home ,library1 ,everyman's ,library1 etc4 ,some inexpensive editions rebind and wear as well as the first editions4 ,others because of narrow margins or quality of paper do not pay to rebind4 ,a little observation and experience will soon prove what titles can be rebound to advantage4 ,,the ,,mending ,,table3 ,,its ,,supplies ,a piece of glass or white oil cloth1 cut to fit the size of the table1 will be found most conducive to cleanliness1 as it can be quickly and easily washed4 ,,paste4 ,mixed paste or powder form4 ,see page #ab4 ,,cloth4 ,white outing flannel1 cheese cloth and cheap grade of canton flannel1 purchased by the yard at any dry goods store4 ,art ,vellum in assorted colors1 cut in strips4 ,muslin cut in strips4 ,,paper4 ,onion skin bond1 cockle finish1 #i lb4 weight cut into strips for use2 tissue paper4 ,,brushes4 ,flat1 rubber-set photographer's brush1 about #a inch wide2 also artist's round bristle #a_/b inch thick4 ,,scissors4 ,slender1 six-inch blade1 good quality4 ,,knife4 ,shoemaker's long blade1 square at end1 or common paring-knife purchased at hardware store4 ,,folder4 ,bone1 purchased at stationer's4 ,,needles4 ,sharps1 ,no4 #a1 or any strong and not too coarse darning needle4 ,,thread4 ,hayes' linen1 ,no4 #be2 ,barbour's linen1 ,no4 #dj4 ,,pressing ,,tins4 #f x #h in41 obtained at tin shop4 ,zinc is pleasanter to use and will not rust4 ,,cleansers4 ,wash for pages2 wash for book covers2 powdered pumice stone2 art gum1 sponge rubber4 ,,shellac4 ,consult local druggist or paint dealer regarding the best white shellac4 ,,press4 ,an old letter-press can usually be purchased locally for a small sum4 ,prices on new copying press #aj x #ab in4 obtained of local stationer4 ,if press is not secured1 old pieces of marble can be used4 ,bricks covered with paper make good pressing weights4 ,a local bindery or any binder's supply house will furnish mending materials2 also price list and samples of materials may be obtained from the following3 ,democrat ,printing ,co41 ,madison1 ,wisconsin4 ,gaylord ,bros41 ,syracuse1 ,new ,york4 ,,paste1 ,,the ,,mending ,,medium ,paste may be used with less danger of injury to the book than glue1 and is the only mending medium which should be used on books that are to be rebound4 ,under no condition should mucilage be used on any book which is to be rebound4 ,some librarians persist in doing this and then expect the binder to do good work4 ,glue should be used only by experienced menders4 ,,use4 ,paste for small surfaces is more evenly spread with the finger1 and there is less waste than with a brush4 ,spread thinly1 using only enough paste to make paper stick securely4 ,thick paste spreads more smoothly than thin and is not taken up quickly by the paper4 ,this is an important point1 for if the paper stretches or expands the work can not be done in a satisfactory way4 ,provide cheese cloth cut in small pieces for use in rubbing down the pasted parts1 and for keeping the fingers clean1 etc4 ,these should be used only a few times4 ,cleanliness and neatness are absolutely essential to good mending4 ,there are various powdered pastes on the market used by book-binders1 bill-posters1 paper-hangers and others4 ,spon ,tem or ,steko1 manufactured by ,clark ,paper ,twine ,co41 ,rochester1 ,n4 ,y41 and ,rex ,dry ,paste1 ,geneva1 ,n4 ,y41 are both excellent in adhesive qualities and easily prepared1 mixing with either hot or cold water and without cooking4 ,an excellent mixed paste is made by the ,commercial ,paste ,co41 ,columbus1 ,ohio1 called ,gleich's ,gluey ,paste4 ,this1 as its name implies1 has some glue mixed with it and is quick drying and strongly adhesive4 ,arabol ,book ,glue1 ,arabol ,mnfg4 ,co41 #ajj ,william ,st41 ,n4 ,y4 ,city1 is highly recommended4 ,purchase in large or small quantities4 ,the various pastes used in the school hand work are good1 and come under the general name of school pastes4 ,,recipe ,,for ,,flour ,,paste4 ,mix a thin batter of flour and water1 cook and as it thickens add hot water until right consistency and until thoroughly cooked4 ,it will be well cooked when all milky appearance of the flour and water has disappeared and when bubbles of air begin to explode through the mixture4 ,after taking from the fire a preservative may be added if desired1 such as a half teaspoonful of oil of wintergreen to a pint of paste4 ,at times it is desirable to do some simple pasting1 such as tipping in a single leaf or label1 and for such work any good library paste is a great convenience4 ,,ways ,,to ,,mend ,avoid too much mending4 ,paper used for mending should be cut lengthwise with the grain of the paper4 ,cloth should be cut the long way of the material4 ,in mending always use paper of lighter weight than the book4 ,for books printed on heavily coated paper1 tissue or bond is too light1 but paper cut from margins of advertising pages of magazines is a suitable weight4 ,,pages ,,torn ,,through ,,the ,,printing may be mended as follows3 7#a7 ,use ungummed1 transparent mending paper1 cutting it the size and shape of the tear1 and about one-half inch wide4 ,apply a thin coat of paste to the strip and fit it carefully over the tear1 having first placed a strip of waste paper under the torn leaf to absorb extra paste4 7#b7 ,for finer or better class of books1 upon which more time and care may profitably be spent1 rub a very little paste on the torn edges1 place torn edges together1 then take a rather large piece of ordinary tissue paper and rub it gently along the tear so that the tissue paper will adhere to the torn edges4 ,put under press1 and when dry the superfluous tissue paper should be torn off1 using care to pull always toward the tear and from both sides at the same time4 ,the delicate fibre of the tissue paper acts as an adhesive and it is almost impossible to discern the way in which the mending has been done4 ,,torn ,,in ,,the ,,margin ,use thin1 firm mending paper1 preferably a tint to match paper of the book4 ,cut a strip one-half inch wide corresponding to the size and shape of the tear1 apply paste and trim even with the edge of the leaf4 ,when these processes are used1 place books in press or under a weight1 until thoroughly dry4 ,there are gummed papers for this purpose but care should be taken in their selection as some are likely to darken and discolor4 ,,leaves ,when loose leaves are replaced the greatest care should be taken to make sure that they do not extend beyond the edge of the book4 ,if this occurs1 it shows careless or inexperienced mending4 ,,loose ,,leaves may be inserted in several ways3 7#a7 ,if the leaf fits exactly into the book1 it may be tipped in by applying paste to one-eighth inch of its inner margin4 ,place the loose leaf in the book1 the outer edge even with the book1 and rub down the pasted inner margin against the next leaf with bone folder4 ,put the book in press until dry4 ,illustrations may be tipped-in in this way when it is desirable to preserve them4 7#b7 ,if it is found by measuring that the leaf when inserted1 will extend beyond the edge of the book1 fold the leaf at the inner margin over a ruler edge1 or other straight edge1 slightly more than one-eighth of an inch1 thus making a hinge4 ,apply paste to this hinge with the finger4 ,place leaf in the book and push well back2 rub the little pasted hinge down with bone folder1 being careful to leave no free paste4 7#c7 ,in case the quality of the paper of the leaf to be inserted will not stand the tipping-in process1 or is badly worn at the inner margin1 it may be inserted by a guard4 ,fold a half-inch strip of onion skin paper1 lengthwise4 ,apply a thin coat of paste to the outside of this strip4 ,attach half of the strip to the inner edge of the loose leaf1 and the other half to the adjoining page in the book1 close in by the fold4 ,trim edge of leaf if it projects4 ,put in press until dry4 ,do not use gummed muslin for this work4 ,it destroys the chance of proper rebinding and detracts from the appearance of the rebound book4 ,,sections ,when more than one section1 sometimes called signature1 is loose in a book which is worth rebinding1 it should be rebound at once4 ,when the thread in one section only is broken1 or one section only is loose in a rebound book and the rest of the binding is intact1 the section should be inserted4 ,to avoid further ravelling1 it is necessary to secure the broken threads of the book either by fastening them together1 or attaching to new threads2 also that the loose section is sewed or tied through the super on the back of the book4 ,,loose ,,sections may be inserted as follows3 ,if the folds of the leaves in the loose section are torn or thin1 they should be mended before replacing the section4 ,take a half-inch strip of thin1 firm paper1 the length of the page2 fold through the middle lengthwise and paste down through the center fold of the leaves4 ,a touch of paste along the fold of each will hold all the sheets together4 ,open the book at the place where the section is loose4 7,when the book is open the back of the book separates from the cover47 ,open the loose section and place it in the proper position in the book4 ,near the top and bottom in the center fold of the section will be seen the holes which were made by the binder4 ,thread a needle with ,barbour's linen thread ,no4 #dj1 or ,hayes' linen thread ,no4 #be1 and tie new thread to broken end of thread in book4 ,pass the needle through the hole at the top of the loose section and out between the book and its loose back4 ,do not pull the thread clear through4 ,drop the needle and thread down between the back of the book and the loose back to the bottom4 ,run the needle and thread from the outside in through the hole at the bottom of the loose section4 ,pass the needle and thread around again in the same way4 ,draw tight and tie with a hard knot at the point of beginning4 ,,joints ,books in the ordinary case or publishers' binding will1 after a short period of use1 show signs of weakness in the joints 7where the book and cover are attached74 ,the paper cracks and both it and the super on the back of the book loosen and unless immediate attention is given the stitching breaks and the book must go to the bindery4 ,this super is a loosely woven cotton cloth which is glued on the backs of books to help hold the sections together1 and extends from the back of the book to the inside of the cover to help hold the book and cover together4 ,in the publishers' bindings1 this super is usually all that holds a book in the cover4 ,,loose ,,joints may be ,,reinforced by tightening and stripping4 ,hold the book open in an upright position on the table4 ,the back will separate in a curve from body of book2 with the round brush apply paste between the loose back and the book1 along the joints only4 ,if too much paste is used it will spread over the back1 causing the cloth cover to become wrinkled and title illegible4 ,close the book1 care being taken to push book well back in cover1 and with bone folder rub well along the joints1 squeezing out any extra paste at head and foot4 ,dry under weight for a half-day at least4 ,then with knife clean off the ragged edges of torn paper along the joint inside the cover4 ,place the book flat upon the table1 the front cover open1 take book of similar thickness and place under open cover4 ,take a strip of muslin or paper4 ,cut this strip the exact length of the book1 and apply thick paste so that the paper or cloth will not stretch4 ,paste one-half of this strip to the fly-leaf and the other half of the strip on the cover of the book4 ,make sure that the strip is smoothly laid1 not stretched too tightly from book to cover1 or it will pull up first pages when book is used2 if too loosely stretched it is unsightly and fails of its purpose2 allow the book to remain open until the strip is dry4 ,repeat this process for the back cover4 ,,recasing ,when the stitching has not broken1 and the paper is of good quality a book may be removed entirely from its cover and recased4 ,in recasing1 painstaking care is required and books must be in condition specified to obtain satisfactory results4 ,take a sharp knife and cut through the super at both joints4 ,this super is easily lifted from the inside of the book cover4 ,pull it off the back of the book1 taking great care in this1 and remove all particles of dried glue4 ,take white outing flannel1 which is light in weight and double-faced1 or canton flannel 7downy side towards the book71 or cheesecloth4 ,cut a strip as long as the back of the book and two inches wider2 paste this over the back only1 allowing an inch extension on each side4 ,do not1 in this first process1 put paste on the extensions4 ,draw the cloth over the rounded edges of the back 7or joints72 rub the back well with bone folder and also over the rounded edges1 but do not paste the cloth down beyond the rounded edges4 ,during this process hold the back of the book so that the sections1 or signatures1 will not separate4 ,after thorough rubbing let dry4 ,apply paste to inside of book covers one inch next to the joints2 do not put paste on back of book4 ,place book in cover1 pushing well back1 making sure that it is correctly placed4 ,paste down the one-inch extension of cloth1 laying waste paper between it and book2 close book1 rub joints well with bone folder and allow to dry thoroughly4 ,strip joints1 following instructions for re-inforcing2 paste clean paper lining on book covers1 press and dry4 ,the book should then be opened as carefully as a new book4 ,,pressing ,this adds greatly to the appearance of the mended or repaired books4 ,do not place weights over the rounded back of a book4 ,place the pressing boards or tins over the covers of the book only1 even with1 but not extending over1 the joints4 ,pressure on the rounded back will weaken a book in the most vital part4 ,,do ,,not-- use too much paste4 use ,lepage's glue or any mucilage4 use cloth strips in a book except at the joint4 paste heavily up the back unless a very old and not valuable book4 overmend on a book which will ultimately be bound4 allow loose pages to be slipped up in the book above the top of book4 use heavier paper for patching than paper of book4 ,,always-- handle books carefully4 allow sufficient drying4 have plenty of waste papers and discard when soiled4 wash brushes well each day4 pile up books alternating the backs with the foredges4 ,they will stand erect and not slip or slide4 ,,missing ,,pages ,when a page is missing and it is impossible to replace the book with a new copy1 the page may be typewritten and tipped in4 ,when it is necessary to rebind the book1 the margin of the typewritten page should be left an inch wider on each side than the regular margin4 ,this is for the convenience of the binder1 who will trim down the margin in process of rebinding4 ,make typewritten page conform to size and shape of printed page4 ,,notation ,,for ,,damages ,when there is an injury to a book which is allowed to remain in circulation1 the reading public should be made aware that the damage is known to the library by a notation1 with date1 near the injury1 e4g41 ,damage noted #a ,mr4 '#bj1 ,free ,public ,library4 ,,ways ,,to ,,clean ,the book should be cleaned as well as mended4 ,careful attention should be given to the cleanliness of the books in circulation4 ,there is nothing that more quickly creates a distaste for the use of a public library than the handling of soiled and grimy books4 ,careful study of the paper upon which books are printed is necessary1 and in cleaning the fact that different papers and finishes require different treatment must be taken into account4 ,the spongy feather-weight paper upon which much of the fiction is printed is difficult to clean4 ,pencil marks may be erased with art gum used gently2 soil of any other kind is almost impossible to remove4 ,heavily clay-coated paper may be cleaned with powdered pumice or a hard eraser4 ,highly calendered paper and any hand made paper may be cleaned with a damp cloth2 cleaning but a few pages at a time and allowing book to remain open until dry4 ,,pages ,soiled pages may be cleaned in the following ways3 ,with art gum1 rub gently and slowly1 holding the page flat with the left hand to prevent tearing4 ,with powdered pumice stone1 rub on with a clean cloth4 ,with damp cloth1 be careful that cloth is not too wet4 ,rub always from inner margin of the page outward1 to prevent crumpling4 ,brush off carefully all particles of rubber1 or pumice stone1 allowing none to remain in the folds between the leaves4 ,mud stains may be removed by using a soft brush or sponge1 with a preparation of the following proportions3 ,one cup water1 one teaspoon ammonia1 four drops carbolic acid4 ,avoid too much rubbing or print will blur4 ,slip the pressing tin under the page1 and after washing1 place white blotting paper on each side of the leaf4 ,ink stains may be removed by one of the standard ink eradicators to be obtained of local stationer or druggist4 ,edges of the leaves may be cleaned by sandpapering1 holding the leaves of the book very firmly together1 or putting book into press4 ,,covers ,,soiled ,,covers may be cleaned by using a hard eraser1 pumice stone or soap and water4 ,the best results are obtained by the use of the following wash3 ,two parts good vinegar and one part water4 ,apply with a clean cloth and rub hard until dirt is removed1 then place upright to dry4 ,this should not be used on leather4 ,the book should then be shellacked4 ,,shellacked ,,covers4 ,new books may receive preliminary care by shellacking before placing in circulation4 ,shellacking the covers1 especially those in light colors1 provides great protection from dirt1 and they are then easily washed with the vinegar and water4 ,another coat of shellac is advisable after washing4 ,to shellac1 hold the book by the printed matter and apply the shellac1 which may be diluted with a little wood alcohol1 taking care to shellac the edges well4 ,give two coats2 between coats suspend on a cord over night to dry4 ,after the last coat1 rub with soft cloth slightly oiled with olive oil4 ,this prevents sticking4 ,if the books are labeled before shellacking1 the ink must be allowed to dry thoroughly or it may run2 in removing the labels1 use wood alcohol first to cut the shellac and then soak off with blotting paper and water4 ,care should be taken in the selection of the shellac2 if not1 the books will be gummy and hard4 ,the leather on bound magazines and books often becomes very dry and will split and crack4 ,this is especially true of books not greatly used1 as the oil of the hands acts as a great preservative4 ,to prevent this cracking and splitting1 some oil is necessary4 ,vaseline is good for this1 applied with a cotton pad covered with a soft cloth1 and should remain on the leather for a day to permit absorption of the oil4 ,some leathers will absorb a second application1 after which books may be rubbed down and returned to shelves4 ,the oil or vaseline does not harm the gilding4 ,this may be done once a year1 depending upon the condition of heat in library and upon age and condition of leather bound books4 ,,worn ,,covers may be replaced on books with leather backs by removing cloth from the boards dry1 and using this as a pattern from which to cut new cloth or paper4 ,reline inside of boards with paper4 ,,covers ,,split ,,at ,,joint4 ,strips of cloth in assorted colors may be obtained with other mending supplies to reinforce covers split at the joints4 ,this cloth may be obtained gummed or ungummed2 if ungummed1 use paste2 if gummed1 moisten with thin paste4 ,,binding ,,record ,,preparation ,,of ,,books ,,for ,,the ,,bindery4 ,closely related to the work of mending and repair of books is the preparation of books for the bindery4 ,binders have complained of the careless and unbusiness-like methods of some librarians in this matter4 ,attention should always be given to the following3 ,handle a book to be bound with more care than when the binding is sound4 ,collate every book to make sure that no pages are missing1 unless it is ascertained that the binder includes this process in his work4 ,many librarians have ceased to make bindery slips1 except in the case of important books requiring complicated titles or for magazines4 ,when slip is not made1 an excellent way to indicate the lettering for the back of book is to underscore lightly in lead pencil on title page1 the specific words in title desired2 for author underscore twice4 ,the material to be used for binding is generally decided upon in advance by conference or correspondence with binder4 ,magazines should be carefully examined to make sure that each volume is complete1 including title page and index4 ,the librarian should write to the publisher for these1 if they are not received within a reasonable time after the volume is completed4 ,if missing1 instruct binder to bind in stubs so that they may be inserted when obtained4 ,in giving directions for magazines to be bound with stubs1 state whether stubs are to be at the beginning or end of the volume4 ,look over previous volumes of set that your volumes may be uniform in the placing of the index1 and follow the printer's arrangement4 ,send an alphabetical list of the books to the bindery for checking purposes4 ,keep a duplicate copy4 ,file alphabetically in charging tray the book cards that have been removed from the books2 charge these to the bindery4 ,magazines should have a bindery slip made and a sample volume already bound sent that each set may be uniform as to color of cover1 lettering1 etc4 ,a rubbing of a bound volume can easily be made and sent in place of the volume4 ,if the binder has previously bound magazines for you he has doubtless made sample backs for his own convenience4 ,the slip should show definitely the placing and abbreviations of volume numbers1 dates1 etc4 ,,when ,,books ,,are ,,returned ,,from ,,the ,,bindery4 ,examine carefully for flexibility--should not be too stiff and hard to open2 evenness of cover2 compactness2 correct and even lettering2 reasonably wide margins4 ,check books with duplicate list4 ,pay no bills until all mistakes are rectified4 ,mistakes in lettering can be corrected1 and when this occurs return to the bindery4 ,enter in accession book under remarks1 opposite the entry of each book the date when the book was rebound3 e4 g41 reb'd #a ,jc41 '#bj2 also on inside of lower front cover near the joint4 ,a rubber stamp at small expense may be ordered from any stamp works1 with the word reb'd to be inserted in the pencil date holder with the date4 ,this saves writing4 ,enter on the monthly report blank the total number of books rebound4 7,this gives data for yearly total and obviates the necessity of keeping binding book47 ,,temporary ,,binders ,the ,gaylord ,bros4' red rope binder provides an inexpensive magazine binder1 both for the current periodicals in use in the reading room and those in circulation4 ,the cover of the magazine may be pasted on the outside of the binder1 and after the current month the magazine may be circulated just as a book1 without damage for future binding4 ,a good quality of wrapping paper may be used in place of the red rope paper4 ,it is less expensive and wears fairly well4 ,information as to terms used in binding and mending and illustrations of the structure of a book may be found in the following3 ,a4 ,l4 ,a4 ,committee--,binding for libraries ,a4 ,l4 ,a4 ,publishing ,board ,bailey1 ,a4 ,l4--,library ,bookbinding ,wilson ,co4 ,cockrell1 ,douglass--,book binding and the care of books ,appleton ,coutts1 ,h4 ,t41 and ,stephens1 ,g4 ,a4--,manual of library book binding ,libraco1 ,london ,dana1 ,j4 ,c4--,book binding for libraries ,library ,bureau 99 99 99 99 99 ,transcriber's note3 ,errors in punctuations and inconsistent hyphenation were not corrected unless otherwise noted4 ,on page #ag1 next the was replaced with next to the4 ,on page #bj1 a period was added after crumpling4