99,,! ,,trial ,,( ,,h5ry ,,he!r+ton99   
,by                            99,h5ry  
,he!r+ton99                      ,on an 
,indictm5t = ,blasphemy       ,,cont5ts 
,a ,,full ,,report ,,( ,,! ,,trial ,,(  
,,h5ry ,,he!r+ton     ,,! ,,trial       
,,indictm5t     ,second ,c\nt3     ,?ird
 ,c\nt3     ,mr4 ,bult op5$ ! proce$+s  
,,def5ce     ,,obs]vations     ,extract 
f ,! ,sun ,newspap]     ,,to ,,"l       
,,d5man1 ,,on ,,! ,,late ,,prosecution  
,,= ,,blasphemy     ,a ,,full ,,report  
,,( ,,! ,,trial ,,( ,,h5ry ,,he!r+ton   
,,on ,,an ,,indictm5t ,,= ,,blasphemy1  
,,"l ,,d5man ,,& ,a ,,special ,,jury1   
,,on ,,tuesday1 ,,decemb] #h1 #ahdj2    
,,= ,,sell+ ,,haslam',s ,,lett]s ,,to   
,,! ,,cl]gy ,,to ,,all ,,d5om9ations3   
,,! ,,:ole ,,( ,,! ,,au?orities ,,cit$  
,,9 ,,! ,,def5ce1 ,,at ,,full ,,l5g?4   
,,london3  ,,pr9t$ ,,& ,,publi%$ ,,by   
,,h5ry ,,he!r+ton1 #a-bf1 ,,/r&2  ,,&   
,,sold ,,by ,,all ,,booksell]s4  #ahdj  
,price ,sixp5ce4  ,to  ,,james ,,watson1
  ,,booksell]1  ,,! ,,fri5d ,,( ,,tru?1 

,,! ,,infidel ,,to ,,error1 ,,& ,,!     
,,lov] ,,( ,,lib]ty1  ,,?is ,,trial     
,,is ,,d$icat$1  ,,9 ,,pro( ,,( ,,!     
,,affectionate ,,atta*m5t ,,t ,,subsi/s 
,,betwe5 ,,two ,,fri5ds1 ,,:o ,,fully   
,,recognise ,,& ,,act ,,^u ,,!          
,,pr9ciples ,,av[$ ,,& ,,cont5d$ ,,= ,,9
 ,,! ,,foll[+ ,,def5ce2 ,,& ,,z ,a      
,,tribute ,,( ,,e/eem1  ,,to ,,god',s   
,,noble/ ,,"w--,,an ,,hone/ ,,man6  ,,by
 ,,8 ,,fai?ful ,,fri5d1  ,,h5ry         
,,he!r+ton4     ,,! ,,trial   ,,c\rt ,,(
 ,,que5',s ,,b5*1 ,decemb] #h1 #ahdj4   
,sitt+s at ,nisi ,prius at ,we/m9/]1    
be=e ,"l ,,d5man & a ,middlesex ,special
 ,jury4  ,,prosecution ,,= ,,blasphemy4 
,,! ,,que5 ,v]sus ,,he!r+ton4  ,?is 0 a 
prosecution in/itut$ by ,h] ,maje/y's   
,attorney-,g5]al1 ,sir ,john ,campbell1 
aga9/ ,h5ry ,he!r+ton1 booksell]1 (     
#abf1 ,/r&1 = ! publication ( a         
blasphem\s libel4     ,,indictm5t   ,(  
,ea/] t]m1 9 ! ,?ird ,ye> ( ! ,reign (  
,que5 ,victoria4 ,middlesex3--  ,be x   
rememb]$1 t on ,tuesday1 ! tw5ty-eigh?  

day ( ,april1 9 ! ?ird ye> ( ! reign (  
our sov]eign lady ,victoria1 by ! grace 
( ,god1 ( ! ,unit$ ,k+dom ( ,great      
,brita9 & ,irel&1 ,que51 ,def5d] ( !    
,fai?1 9 ! c\rt ( our said lady ! ,que51
 be=e ! ,que5 h]self at ,we/m9/]1 9 !   
c\nty ( ,middlesex1 ^u ! oa? ( twelve   
jurors1 good & lawful m51 ( ! said c\nty
 ( ,middlesex1 n[ "h sworn & *>g$ to    
inquire = our said lady ! ,que5 = ! body
 ( ! same c\nty2 x is pres5t$ z foll[e?1
 t is to say1 ,middlesex to wit4 ,!     
jurors = our lady ! ,que5 ^u _! oa?     
pres5t1 t ,h5ry ,he!r+ton1 late (       
,we/m9/]1 9 ! c\nty ( ,middlesex1       
booksell]1 be+ a wick$1 impi\s1 &       
ill-dispos$ p]son1 & hav+ no reg>d = !  
laws & religion ( ?is realm1 b mo/      
wick$ly1 blasphem\sly1 impi\sly1 &      
pr(anely devis+ & int5d+ to asp]se &    
vilify t "p ( ! ,holy ,bible :i* is     
call$ ! ,old ,te/am5t1 on ! ?ird day (  
,febru>y1 9 ! ?ird ye> ( ! reign ( our  
sov]eign lady ,victoria1 by ! grace (   
,god1 ( ! ,unit$ ,k+dom ( ,great ,brita9

 & ,irel&1 ,que51 ,def5d] ( ! ,fai?1 at 
,we/m9/] a=esaid1 9 ! c\nty a=esaid1 did
 publi%1 & cause to be publi%$1 a c]ta9 
sc&al\s1 impi\s1 & blasphem\s libel1 ( &
 conc]n+ t "p ( ! ,holy ,bible :i* is   
call$ ! ,old ,te/am5t1 conta9+ !re91    
among/ o!r ?+s1 div]s sc&al\s1 impi\s1 &
 blasphem\s matt]s ( & conc]n+ t "p ( ! 
,holy ,bible :i* is call$ ! ,old        
,te/am5t1 accord+ to ! t5or & effect    
foll[+1 t is to say1 ,:at wret*$ /uff   
?is ,bible 7mean+ t "p ( ! ,holy ,bible 
:i* is call$ ! ,old ,te/am5t7 is1 to be 
sure6 ,:at a r&om idiot its au?or mu/ h 
be56 ,i w\ld advise ! human race to burn
 e ,bible !y h got4 ,su* a book is      
actually a disgrace to ourang outangs1  
mu* less to m54 ,i w\ld advise !m to    
burn x1 9 ord] t po/]ity may nev] "k we 
believ$ 9 su* abom9able tra%4 ,:at mu/  
!y ?9k ( our intellects8 ,:at mu/ !y ?9k
 ( our incr$ible fool]y8 ,& we n only   
believe x1 b we actually look ^u ! book 
z ! sacr$ ^w ( ,god1 z a production (   
inf9ite wisdom4 ,0 insanity ev] m       

complete8 ,i = "o1 h[ev]1 r5\nce ! book2
 ,i r5\nce x z a vile comp\nd ( fil?1   
blasphemy1 & nons5se1 z a fraud & a     
*eat1 & z an insult to ,god1 to ! great 
displeasure ( ,almighty ,god1 to ! great
 sc&al1 infamy1 & contempt ( t "p ( !   
,holy ,bible :i* is call$ ! ,old        
,te/am5t1 to ! evil example ( all o!rs1 
& aga9/ ! peace ( our said lady ! ,que51
 h] cr[n1 & dignity4     ,second ,c\nt3 
,& ! jurors a=esaid1 ^u _! oa? a=esaid1 
fur!r pres5t1 t ! said ,h5ry ,he!r+ton1 
devis+ & int5d+ z a=esaid1 on ! elev5?  
day ( ,febru>y & ye> a=esaid1 at        
,we/m9/] a=esaid1 9 ! c\nty a=esaid1 did
 publi%1 & cause to be publi%$1 a c]ta9 
o!r sc&al\s1 impi\s1 & blasphem\s libel1
 ( & conc]n+ t "p ( ! ,holy ,bible :i*  
is call$ ! ,old ,te/am5t1 conta9+ !re91 
among/ o!r ?+s1 div]s sc&al\s1 impi\s1 &
 blasphem\s matt]s ( & conc]n+ t "p ( ! 
,holy ,bible :i* is call$ ! ,old        
,te/am5t1 accord+ to ! t5or & effect    
foll[+1 t is to say1 ,"o great "q betwe5
 y & me is1 ',is ! ,bible 7mean+ t "p ( 

! ,holy ,bible :i* is call$ ! ,old      
,te/am5t7 ! ^w ( ,god1 or is x n8 ,i    
ass]t t x is n ! ^w ( ,god1 & y ass]t t 
x is2 & ,i n only ass]t t x is n ! ^w ( 
,god1 b t x is a book conta9+ m blund]s1
 m ignorance1 & m nons5se1 ?an any book 
to be f\nd 9 ! univ]se1 to ! great      
displeasure ( ,almighty ,god1 to ! great
 sc&al & contempt ( t "p ( ! ,holy      
,bible :i* is call$ ! ,old ,te/am5t1 to 
! evil example ( all o!rs1 & aga9/ !    
peace ( our lady ! ,que51 li] cr[n1 &   
dignity4     ,?ird ,c\nt3   ,& ! jurors 
a=esaid1 ^u _! oa? a=esaid1 fur!r       
pres5t1 t ! said ,h5ry ,he!r+ton1 fur!r 
devis+ & int5d+ z a=esaid1 on ! day &   
ye> la/ a=esaid1 at ,we/m9/] a=esaid1 9 
! c\nty a=esaid1 did publi%1 & cause to 
be publi%$1 a c]ta9 o!r sc&al\s1 impi\s1
 & blasphem\s libel ( & conc]n+ t "p ( !
 ,holy ,bible :i* is call$ ! ,old       
,te/am5t1 conta9+ !re91 among o!r ?+s1  
div]s sc&al\s1 impi\s1 & blasphem\s     
matt]s ( & conc]n+ t "p ( ! ,holy ,bible
 :i* is call$ ! ,old ,te/am5t1 9 "o "p  

!re(1 accord+ to ! t5or & effect foll[+1
 t is to say1 ,my object1 & ,i fe>lessly
 /ate x1 is to expose ?is book 7mean+ t 
"p ( ! ,holy ,bible :i* is call$ ! ,old 
,te/am5t7 9 su* a mann]1 t ! *ildr5 ( ! 
,/ockport ,sunday-s*ool w reject x )    
contempt & 9 ano!r "p !re(1 accord+ to !
 t5or & effect foll[+1 t is to say1     
,su* a book 7mean+ t "p ( ! ,holy ,bible
 :i* is call$ ! ,old ,te/am5t7 ought to 
be reject$ by e "o4 ,! human race h be5 
too long gull$ ) su* tra%4 ,moses 0 !   
inv5tor ( ?is gr& *eat2 & al?\gh x may h
 done "s little t[>ds fright5+ p into   
:at is call$ morality1 ! purpose = :i*  
,moses inv5t$ x is n[ out ( date1  to ! 
great displeasure ( ,almighty ,god1 to !
 great sc&al & contempt ( t "p ( ! ,holy
 ,bible :i* is call$ ! ,old ,te/am5t1 to
 ! evil example ( all o!rs1 & aga9/ !   
peace ( our lady ! ,que51 h] cr[n1 &    
dignity4  ,witness ,,alex&] ,,k]r1  ,"o 
sworn 9 c\rt4  ,a true ,bill4  ,on !    
names ( ! g5tlem5 summon$ z ,special    
,jurym5 be+ call$ ov]1 only five answ]$ 

to _! names4  ,! ,attorney-,g5]al pray$ 
a tales1 :5 ! foll[+ 7 sworn3--  ,!     
,jury4  ,special--  ,rob]t ,savage1     
,esq41 #aa1 ,montaguplace1 ,bloomsbury4 
,james ,arbo9e1 m]*ant1 #c1             
,brunswick-squ>e4  ,william ,fe*ney     
,black1 m]*ant1 ,wilton-place4  ,*>les  
,fr$]ick ,b>nwell1 ,esq41 #dd1          
,woburn-place4  ,rob]t ,egl9ton1 m]*ant1
 #bi1 ,woburn-squ>e4  ,common ,jurors-- 
,*>les ,ricketts1 /ove-mak]1 #e1        
,ag>-/reet1 ,we/ ,/r&4  ,william ,pold51
 lic5s$ victuall]1 ,villi]s-/reet1 ,/r&4
  ,john ,osborne1 confection]1 #dja1    
,/r&4  ,john ,johnson ,ruffell1 pa9t]1  
#bd1 ,*ur*-/reet1 ,soho4  ,?omas ,reid1 
bak]1 #bd1 ,old ,compton-/reet1 ,soho4  
,*>les ,phillips1 ivory bru%-maic]1 #bj1
 ,k+-/reet1 ,soho4 ,j4 ,mahew1 bak]1    
#hd1 ,greek-/reet1 ,soho4     ,mr4 ,bult
 op5$ ! proce$+s   ,! ,attorney-,g5]al  
said1 ?is 0 an indictm5t f\nd by ! ,gr& 
,jury ( ,middlesex1 = ! publication (   
c]ta9 blasphem\s libels4 ,x appe>$ to   
him t all he %\ld h to d1 w\ld be to    

prove ! publication ( ! libels 9 "q4 ,he
 _h n hesitat$ = "o mom5t1 :5 he f\nd   
!re 7 only five ,special ,jurym51 to    
pray a tales1 because x 0 to him a matt]
 ( p]fect indiff]5ce f :at class (      
society ! ,jury 0 tak54 ,x _h frequ5tly 
be5 laid d[n by ! ,judges1 t to insult &
 vilify ,*ri/ianity 0 aga9/ ! law4      
,publications insult+ religion1 &       
address$ to ! vulg> & un$ucat$1 7 mo/   
dang]\s4 ,he w\ld call a witness :o     
pur*as$ ^! books 9 ! def5dant's %op1 !  
def5dant himself be+ pres5t2 & he %\ld  
prove t ! def5dant 0 rat$ to t h\se4 ,x 
gave him pa9 t x %\ld be necess>y = !   
,jury to he> su* %ock+ attacks z 7      
conta9$ 9 ?is publication4 ,x consi/$ ( 
a s]ies ( lett]s1 & ea* numb] 0 sold = a
 p5ny4 ,x 0 ,lett]s to ! ,cl]gy ( all   
,d5om9ations & 01 9 fact1 an attack ^u !
 ,holy ,scriptures1 p>ticul>ly on ! ,old
 ,te/am5t4 ,he %\ld cont5t himself )    
read+ "o extract4--7,! le>n$ ,g5tleman  
!n read an extract f ,lett] #h1 conta9$ 
9 ! fir/ c\nt ( ! indictm5t47 ,mr4      

,he!r+ton 0 9 p]son to def5d himself3 !y
 w\ld he> :at he _h to say1 & !n he 7!  
,attorney-,g5]al7 w\ld h an opportunity 
( aga9 address+ !m4  ,! foll[+ witness 0
 !n call$ & exam9$ by ,sir ,f4 ,pollock4
  ,alex&] ,k]r1 a policeman1 b\ght !    
,lett]s to ! ,cl]gy1 #e1 #h1 & #ac1 at !
 %op ( ! def5dant1 #abf1 ,/r&1 on ! #e? 
( ,febru>y la/4 ,a "y man s]v$ him4     
,kn[s def5dant--he 0 /&+ on ! ?re%old ( 
! door at ! "t2 has kn[n him = ! la/    
?ree ye>s2 has se5 him repeat$ly at !   
%op4 ,paid "o p5ny ea* = ! lett]s4      
,cross-exam9$ by ,mr4 ,he!r+ton4--,did n
 come 9 8 uni=m to pur*ase !m4 ,came f  
directions he _h receiv$1 n f any       
reputation ! "w _h acquir$4 ,did n read 
! fif? numb] or ! eigh? numb] ( ! book  
pur*as$ at ! %op4 ,/at$ at ! ,old       
,bailey1 at ! trial ( ,mr4 ,cleave1 t he
 _h read a copy1 b n ! "o pur*as$ (     
def5dant4 ,curiosity induc$ him to read 
x4 ,x did n %ake 8 op9ion--x did n make 
him burn 8 ,bible2 q ! opposite4 ,he is 
a pla9ly-educat$ man4 ,0 in/ruct$ to    

pur*ase all he c\ld get at def5dant's   
%op4 ,pur*as$ o!r numb]s1 b did n read  
!m4 ,! "w produc$ no effect on him to   
induce him to foll[ ! recomm5dations ( !
 au?or4  ,george ,%]will1 collector (   
poor's-rate = ! lib]ty ( ! ,savoy1 prov$
 t def5dant 0 rat$ = ,no4 #abf4  ,!     
libels 7 !n put 9 & read3 fir/1 ,no4 #h 
( ,haslam's ,lett]s to ! ,cl]gy ( all   
,d5om9ations1 !n #e ( ! same "w1 & !n   
#ah4  ,! ,attorney-,g5]al said1 t 0 !   
case = ! prosecution4     ,,def5ce   ,my
 ,"l--,g5tlem5 ( ! ,jury1  ,9 ris+ to   
v9dicate myself f ! *>ge pref]r$ aga9/  
me 9 ?is indictm5t1 ,i %all n attempt to
 ju/ify ! language allud$ to by !       
,attorney-,g5]al2 b ,i _c refra9 f      
express+ my surprise t ! ,gov]nm5t1 aft]
 hav+ enc\rag$ ! circulation ( *eap k ^u
 all subjects1--9 ,p5ny ,magaz9es &     
,p5ny ,cyclopa$ias1--%\ld h plac$ me on 
my trial ^u su* a flimsy *>ge z ?is--=  
flimsy x und\bt$ly is1 :51 out ( a "w   
compris+ ne>ly #ejj pages1 !            
,attorney-,g5]al c only f9d "o          

passage1--t 9 ! eigh? ,lett]1 :i* is1 ,i
 admit1 express$ 9 v improp]            
language1--:]eon to f\nd an indictm5t4  
,i cont5d t x is impossible to say :]e a
 p]son is to /op 9 8 inquiries4 ,if a   
p]son is p]mitt$ to reject "o t5et1     
ano!r may reject ano!r2 & !re is no     
reason :y ano!r %\ld n g on1 & reject ! 
:ole4 ,9 ! :ole "w !re is n "o          
disrespectful ^w ab\t ,*ri/ianity2 x is 
a rejection ( ! miracles ascrib$ to     
,moses 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t1 :i* h be5     
indignantly reject$ by _m le>n$ m54 ,!  
"w 0 n int5d$ z a scurril\s attack1 b z 
an inquiry into ! effects ( ! usages (  
society1 f\nd$ ^u ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,!   
object ( ,mr4 ,haslam 0 b5evol5t2 &     
h[ev] mu* he might err1 he 0 n crim9al4 
,he und]took to prove to ! cl]gy t !y 7 
all 9 error t ! doctr9es !y are tea*+ to
 ! p are false1 absurd1 & irrational2 t 
!y are directly contr>y to reason2 & t1 
s long z !y are prea*$ to ! p1 s long w 
! p be vici\s1 wret*$1 & unhappy4  ,!   
,attorney-,g5]al has only read !        

objectionable passages3 ,i w read a few 
passages f ,mr4 ,haslam's fir/ ,lett]1  
:i* w enable ! ,jury to und]/& ! nature 
( 8 "w1 & appreciate 8 motives4 ,hav+   
frankly /at$ 8 object1 he proce$s3--    
,y1 no d\bt1 w feel conc]n$ at ?is2 y w 
v likely be angry ) me = ?is d>+        
attempt2 y w call me ,dei/1 ,a!i/1      
,infidel1 & _m o!r *>itable epi!ts2 y w 
feel unutt]able ?+s t[>ds me2 & ,i %all1
 no d\bt1 be subject to ! extreme *>ity 
( y\r pi\s congregations1 :o pr(ess to  
'love _! neighb\rs z !mselves1' & into  
^: m9ds y h cramm$ absurdity aft]       
absurdity1 until !y h sc>cely room =    
ano!r4 ,i %all1 no d\bt1 expose myself  
to all mann] ( ill-feel+ &              
un*>itabl5ess1 & to calumnies & lies ( e
 description2 b %all ^! det] me f mak+  
kn[n ! convictions ( iny m9d8 ,%all ^!  
h9d] me f expos+ ! errors & absurdities 
:i* ,i see int]e/$ m5 in/ill+ into !    
m9ds ( ! p8 ,%all ^! prev5t me f tell+ !
 p t !y are deceiv$ & impos$ ^u1 & t _! 
begg>y1 & want1 & wret*$ness1 are !     

consequ5ces ( x8 ,%all ^!1 9 %ort1 /op  
me f expos+ ! irrationalities :i* ,i see
 ev]y:]e ar\nd me1 & :i* occasion s mu* 
mis]y & unhapp9ess to my fell[-m58 ,no1 
,i tell y !y %all n4 ,t p[] :i* s5t y   
into ! _w1 s5t me into ! _w also2 & if y
 h a "r to ?9k & speak1 ,i h a "r to ?9k
 & speak also4 ,i h receiv$ an          
organization = ! purpose z well z any ( 
y2 & z long z t organization rema9s     
unimpair$1 s long w ,i tell ! _w :at ,i 
?9k & feel4  ,:y %\ld any ( y be angry )
 me8 ,if ,i c prove y\r doctr9es to be  
false & errone\s1 :at occasion is !re = 
ang]8 ,:at c y want ) doctr9es t are    
false8 ,z hone/ m5 y ought imm$iately to
 ab&on !m4 ,in/ead1 !re=e1 ( be+ angry )
 me1 y ought to h ! v opposite feel+2 = 
( :at s]vice c error & nons5se be to any
 man1 or any set ( m58  ,b if ,i prove t
 y\r doctr9es are n only false &        
errone\s1 b t !y occasion a va/ am\nt ( 
mis*ief to ! p2 t !y occasion want &    
vice1 & all mann] ( wick$ness1 & t1 by  
remov+ !m f ! m9ds ( ! p1 & sub/itut+   

tru?s1 all ?is want1 & vice1 & wick$ness
 might be put an end to2 if1 ,i say1 ,i 
prove ?is1 :y %\ld y be angry ) me = do+
 x8 ,surely y _c wi% ! p to rema9 9 a   
/ate ( want1 & vice1 & wick$ness2 & yet1
 if y d n1 :y %\ld y be angry at me =   
%[+ y ! causes ( !m1 & po9t+ out ! means
 = _! removal8  ,y talk a great deal    
ab\t morality & religion2 y manife/ 9   
y\r pulpits a great anxiety to spread !m
 among/ ! p2 b :o c believe y to be     
s9c]e1 :5 y resi/ e attempt to remove ! 
causes ( immorality & irreligion8 ,y mu/
 "k t effects _c be remov$ )\t remov+ ! 
causes ( !m1 & by resi/+ ! removal ( ^! 
causes1 y evid5tly %[ a disposition to  
keep ! p 9 wick$ness4 ,?is wick$ness    
proce$s f c]ta9 causes4 ,we h po9t$ ^!  
causes out to y1 & if y w n remove !m1  
does n t evid5tly %[ t y w\ld r t ! p 7 
wick$8 ,c !re be conclusions m logical8 
,:at ridicul\s cant x mu/ be !n to talk 
ab\t morality & religion8  ,my          
assumption !n is1 t ! belief ( e man is 
giv5 to him indep5d5tly ( 8 w1 & t1     

!re=e1 no j p[] c puni% him = x4  ,y\r  
assumption is ! opposite ( ?is2 y ass]t 
t ! belief ( e man dep5ds ^u 8 own w2 t 
he c ei!r believe 9 ! ,bible1 or n      
believe 9 ! ,bible2 t he c ei!r be      
,*ri/ian or ,jew1 ,mahom$an or ,infidel1
 & t1 !re=e1 ,god w puni% him if he d n 
believe 9 a p>ticul> mann]4  ,^! !n1 are
 our respective assumptions--& n[ let   
reason1 '! gr& pr]ogative ( man1'       
det]m9e betwe5 u4  ,g5tlem51 contra/ !  
_s ( ,mr4 ,haslam 9 ?is passage ) ! _s (
 my prosecutors4 ,he invokes ,reason1 '!
 gr& pr]ogative ( man1' to det]m9e      
betwe5 !m2 ! ,cl]gy1 on ! contr>y1      
resort to prosecution to cru% a reason+ 
oppon5t4  ,i beg to in=m y t ,i h read !
 ,bible att5tively1 & t ! m ,i read x ! 
m reason ,i see = disbeliev+ x4  ,!     
,bible ass]ts ?+s :i* ! :ole ( my s5ses 
tell me are false2 & if my s5ses are    
indep5d5t ( myself1 h[ c ,i help        
disbeliev+ x8  ,i "k t ,god gave me my  
s5ses2 b h[ c ,i believe ,god made !    
,bible1 :5 x is directly oppos$ to ^!   

s5ses8 ,to believe t ,god is ! au?or (  
bo?1 is to believe t ,god commits       
absurdities l y\rselves2 & to ascribe   
su* a paltry & blund]+ p]=mance z !     
,bible to t p[] :i* gov]ns ! univ]se is 
to di%on\r t p[]1 if any ?+ c di%on\r x4
  ,b a man's belief is n only =m$       
indep5d5tly ( 8 w1 b x is (t5 =m$ 9     
direct opposition to x4 ,i1 = in/ance1  
once believ$ t ! pr9ciples :i* ,i n[    
hold 7 false2 ,i us$ to argue aga9/ !m1 
& ev5 write aga9/ !m1 & my w to         
disbelieve !m 0 s /rong1 ow+ to _!      
app>5t absurdity1 t ,i us$ to be        
delight$ :5 ,i imag9$ ,i _h discov]$ a  
fre% argum5t ) :i* ,i might ov]turn !m4 
,cont9u+1 h[ev]1 to argue1 ,i began to  
see _! tru?2 ,i saw ! pr9ciples m       
cle>ly2 ,i f\nd ,i _h mi/ak5 !m v mu*2 &
 at la/ ,i saw into !m z cle>ly1 z      
,cobbett us$ to say1 z ! sun at         
noon-day4  ,n[ "h1 y see1 my w 0 to     
disbelieve ^! pr9ciples2 b1 aft] !      
process ( reason+ 0 ov]1 ,i 0 compell$  
to alt] my w4 ,?is1 !n1 be+ ! case1 0 t 

w free8 ,c\ld ,i h cont9u$ to disbelieve
 !m1 :5 my convictions told me !y 7     
true8 ,& if ,i c\ld n1 :]e1 ,i aga9 ask1
 0 my free w8  ,"h1 !n1 is reason+ en\gh
 to prove ! tru? ( my assumption2 & n[  
,i beg to call y\r att5tion to its      
peculi> effect ^u y\r v>i\s sy/ems (    
religion4  ,9 conclusion1 !re=e1 ,i beg 
to call ^u y to def5d y\r doctr9es f !  
s]i\s *>ges ,i h "h made1 & %all cont9ue
 to make aga9/ !m4 ,y may ei!r d x by   
writ+1 or by v]bal discussion1 :i*ev] y 
please4 ,b d n cont9ue to act s meanly &
 di%on\rably1 z to prea* doctr9es to ! p
 :i* h ov] & ov] aga9 be5 prov$ to be   
false & absurd1 & :i* none ( y are able 
to def5d4  ,g5tlem51 y w see by ^!      
passages t ,mr4 ,haslam appeals to      
reason4 ,he calls ^u ! ,cl]gy to def5d  
_! doctr9es1 tell+ !m !y may ei!r d x by
 writ+1 or by v]bal discussion4 ,!      
,gov]nm5t1 h[ev]1 disreg>d$ ?is appeal2 
!y ought to h call$ ^u ! ,bi%op (       
,exet]1 & o!r well-paid bigots ( 8      
class1 to come =w>d & confute ,mr4      

,haslam4 ,b in/ead ( ?is !y prosecute a 
booksell]1 :o _h nev] read a l9e ( !    
book until ?is prosecution4 ,!y ought to
 meet ,mr4 ,haslam ) 8 own weapons2 & x 
is disgraceful to ! ,gov]nm5t1 :i* has  
always advocat$ ! diffusion ( *eap k1 to
 submit to ! taunts ( ! ,bi%op ( ,exet]1
 & o!r bigots l him1 by in/itut+ ^!     
prosecutions = blasphemy4 ,h[ev] we may 
disapprove ( ,haslam's doctr9es1 we _c b
 p]ceive t he is s9c]e 9 8 belief4      
,g5tlem51 ,i w1 z ,i proce$1 prove to y 
t ! convictions ( a tat :i* he n[       
believes to be true to h be5 false4     
,g5tlem51 ,i readily admit t ! passage 9
 ! eigh? numb] is (f5sively word$2 b ,i 
w prove t ! free ex]cise ( ! "r (       
inquiry is n1 & ought n to be1 an (f5ce 
9 law4 ,i w also call y\r att5tion to ! 
h>d%ip ( a g5]al booksell] be+ held     
responsible = e book t he sells1 & w    
call y\r att5tion to ! oa? y h tak51 &  
claim f y t acquittal to :i* ,i am      
entitl$4 ,i claim no exemption f        
puni%m5t if ,i sell any obsc5e          

publication1--any?+ calculat$ to corrupt
 or demoralize society1--or any attacks 
^u a man's private "*2 b 9 cases ( !    
discussion ( ab/ract tru?s1 is a man to 
be puni%$ = ! convictions ( 8 m9d1 :i*  
are n 9 ! p[] ( 8 w8 ,x is too bad to   
br+ a man into a c\rt ( ju/ice on acc\nt
 ( a few solit>y passages 9 a "w ( ?is  
nature4  ,g5tlem5 ( ! ,jury1 our great &
 popul> morali/1 ,dr4 ,johnson1 has     
decl>$ t ,tru? is ! basis ( all         
excell5ce4 ,?is axiom is s cle> &       
indisputable1 t no intellig5t man c     
hesitate to adopt x4 ,h[1 !n1 c ! tru?1 
^u ! v>i\s subjects int]e/+ to human    
be+s1 be elicit$8 ,n by lett+ int]e/$ m5
 ?9k = u1 b by judg+ = ourselves--by    
collect+ & exam9+ facts & argum5ts1 &   
communicat+ to society ! impressions !y 
respectively make ^u our m9ds4 ,!re is  
no effectual mode ( arriv+ at tru?1 b by
 ! ex]cise ( ! "r ( free inquiry1 & !   
unre/rict$ publication ( ! result ( su* 
inquiry4 ,?is "r has be5 deem$ (        
pre-em95t importance f "t immemorial1 & 

by m5 ( all sects & p>ties2 & al?\gh    
corrupt & tyrannical rul]s 9 ! pa/ ages 
( ! _w h prosecut$ hone/ m51 & endeav\r$
 to suppress ! tru?1 y w f9d t 9 e case 
to :i* ,i %all call y\r att5tion1 !     
intrepid advocates ( tru? h ultimately  
triumph$4 ,n[1 ,g5tlem5 ( ! ,jury1 ,i w 
proce$ at once to =tify myself ) a few  
au?orities1--n t ,i ?9k tru? dep5ds ^u  
great names1 h[ev] num]\s & illu/ri\s !y
 may be1 b because ,i am det]m9$ to     
advance no?+ t is n1 9 my op9ion1       
/rictly true1 & sanction$ & ma9ta9$ by !
 greate/ intellects ( ! age4  ,g5tlem51 
,i w beg9 ) a ,bi%op4  ,god has giv5 u  
rational faculties to guide & direct u1 
& we mu/ make ! mo/ ( !m t we c2 we mu/ 
judge ) our own reasons1 z well z see ) 
our own eyes2 & x w\ld-be v ra%1        
unmanly1 & base 9 u to muffle up our own
 und]/&+s1 & deliv] our reason & fai?   
ov] to o!rs bl9dfold4--,bi%op ,burnett's
 ,?irty-n9e ,articles1 ,a4 #ci4         
,g5tlem5 ( ! ,jury1 w y1 by y\r v]dict1 
consign a man to a dungeon1 because he  

is too hone/ & indep5d5t to act a 'ra%1 
unmanly1 & base' "p8 ,w y decl>e1 by y\r
 v]dict1 t h5ce=? we %all n 'judge ) our
 own reasons1 nor see ) our own eyes8'  
,i feel confid5t y w n4  ,dr4 ,:itby1 9 
8 ,la/ ,?\ghts1 tells u1 t belief or    
disbelief c nei!r be a virtue or a      
crime1 9 any "o :o uses ! be/ means 9 8 
p[] ( be+ in=m$4  ,if a proposition is  
evid5t1 we _c avoid believ+ x2 & :]e is 
! m]it or piety ( a necess>y ass5t8 ,if 
x is n evid5t1 we _c help reject+ x1 or 
d\bt+ ( x2 & :]e is ! crime ( n p]=m+   
impossibilities1 or n believ+ :at does n
 appe> to u to be true8  ,g5tlem5 ( !   
,jury1 c y dispute ! tru? ( ! passage ,i
 h quot$ f ,dr4 ,:itby8 ,w y1 by y\r    
v]dict1 pron\nce x to be a crime n to   
p]=m impossibilities1 & endeav\r to =ce 
u to believe :at does n appe> to u to be
 true8 ,g5tlem51 y _c d x4 ,let u       
briefly trace ! op]ations ( ! human m9d1
 & we %all f9d t ! m9d is gov]n$ by a   
law ( necessity4 ,are we n def9itely &  
necess>ily' affect$ by ! circum/ances   

:i* surr\nd u8 ,h we p[] to avoid       
receiv+ impressions f ! objects pres5t$ 
to u8 ,if we h n1 :i* is n[ univ]sally  
admitt$ by intellig5t m51 !n ! act (    
p]ceiv+1 or =m+ ideas1 is a necess>y    
m5tal op]ation4 ,c we1 = in/ance1 h an  
idea ( a man :5 a monkey is pres5t$ to  
u8 ,or ( col\rs o!r ?an ^? :i* are plac$
 be=e our visual organs8 ,we _c1 if !   
eye be n diseas$1 p]ceive r$ to be gre51
 or gre5 r$4 ,! p[] ( p]ception1 !re=e1 
appe>s to be p]fectly involunt>y--x is  
gov]n$ by a law ( necessity4  ,! next   
op]ation ( ! m9d is to =m a judgm5t ( ! 
?+s p]ceiv$2 & x is ^! two ?+s--p]ceiv+ 
& judg+--:i* con/itute a man's k or     
exp]i5ce4 ,if two bodies ( diff]5t      
magnitudes are pres5t$ to our view1 are 
we n compell$ to judge ( !m accord+ to !
 impression !y respectively make ^u !   
m9d8 ,x is precisely ! same ) m51       
mann]s1 & op9ions4 ,mu/ we n conclude t 
?+s are :at !y appe> to be1 till we "k !
 contr>y8 ,i w\ld appeal to y\r own     
exp]i5ce1 ,g5tlem51 :e!r y d n inv>iably

 & necess>ily judge ( m5 & ?+s accord+  
to _! inh]5t or imag9>y qualities8 ,"s  
m51 inde$1 are puzzl$ to acc\nt = !     
div]sity ( judgm5t obs]vable :]e diff]5t
 m5 exam9e ! same subject1 & f ! same   
data2 b ?is circum/ance is easily       
acc\nt$ =4 ,x results simply f ?is fact1
 t m5 judge ( ?+s precisely z !y appe>  
to !m3 & ! diff]5t judgm5ts =m$ ( ! same
 ?+s are ascribable :olly to ! diff]5t  
degrees ( /r5g? 9 ! p[] ( p]ception1 &  
to ! ext5t & v>iety ( k previ\sly       
acquir$4 ,p]ception & judgm5t1 !re=e1   
appe> to be involunt>y & necess>y4      
,g5tlem51 if ?is be true1 is a man :o   
has arriv$ at conclusions adv]se to !   
receiv$ op9ions ( society a fit subject 
( puni%m5t8 ,if n1 h[ mu* less s is !   
booksell] :o m]ely sells 8 book8  ,mr4  
,haslam calls ^u ! ,cl]gy to ent] into !
 controv]sy ) him1 & to let reason      
decide betwe5 !m4 ,:y d n ! ,gov]nm5t1 &
 ! le>n$ ,attorney-,g5]al1 adopt ,mr4   
,haslam's recomm5dation1 in/ead (       
in/itut+ a prosecution aga9/ a booksell]

 :o nev] read a l9e ( ! book till 8     
att5tion 0 call$ to x by ?is unju/      
prosecution8 ,:y d n ! ,gov]nm5t1--:o   
patronise p5ny lit]ature--:o affect to  
be fri5dly to free discussion1 call on !
 ,bi%op ( ,exet]1 & o!r well-paid       
bigots1 to def5d ! ,bible aga9/ !       
assaults ( ,mr4 ,haslam8 ,= ! le>n$     
,attorney-,g5]al to attempt to cru% !   
free expression ( op9ion by prosecutions
 ( ?is nature1 is mo/ unju/ & impolitic4
 ,i ma9ta9 t two out ( ! ?ree passages  
read w\ld n support ! indictm5t at all2 
& ! ?ird passage--set =? 9 ! fir/ c\nt (
 ! indictm5t--s f> f be+ blasphemy1     
decl>es t ! au?or rejects ! ,bible1     
because he looks ^u x z conta9+ /atem5ts
 t 7 insult+ to ,god4 ,9 ! passage      
imm$iately foll[+ t :i* is prosecut$1 ! 
au?or admits t ! book conta9s "s good   
precepts1 b decl>es t he deems m]e      
precepts to be useless4 ,i w take !     
lib]ty ( read+ ! passage to ! ,jury4  ,i
 all[ t !re are "s good precepts 9 x1 b 
,i cont5d t ^! precepts are useless4 ,i 

cont5d t all precepts are useless4 ,(   
:at use h all ! precepts 9 ! _w be5 to !
 human race8 ,h !y made man wis]1 or    
bett]1 or happi]8 ,h !y less5$ ! am\nt (
 8 vice & 8 mis]y8 #a cont5d t !y h n4  
,vice & mis]y h be5 increas+1 al?\gh ^! 
precepts h be5 m & m prea*$ to ! p4     
,precepts1 rev]5d m9i/]s ( ! gospel1 are
 m]e w9d2 !y are z empty z ! vap\r issu+
 f ! kettle's sp\t2 !y h no effect      
:atev] 9 mak+ man wise1 or good1 or     
happy2 ! pres5t wret*$ness ( ! _w is a  
pro( ( x4 ,! way1 rev]5d sirs1 to make  
man wise1 & good1 & happy1 is1 n to     
prea* precepts to ! p1 b to aboli% !    
pres5t irrational sy/em ( individual    
prop]ty2 to arrange society 9 su* a     
mann] t ! int]e/ ( "o man w be ! int]e/ 
( ! :ole4 ,until ?is be done1 all !     
precepts 9 ! _w1 prea*$1 too1 ) all !   
eloqu5ce 9 ! _w1 w nev] remove man f 8  
pres5t deplorable condition4  ,g5tlem51 
y w p]ceive by ?is extract t ! au?or is 
a sociali/4 ,x is n necess>y = me to    
ma9ta9 t he is "r 9 ^! op9ions4 ,all t  

,i h to d is to %[ t ^! op9ions 7       
s9c]ely believ$ by ,mr4 ,haslam4 ,i h   
cle>ly %[n t belief is involunt>y4 ,no  
man c tell "o day :at 8 belief w be !   
next4 ,9 my own p]son ,i furni% an      
in/ance ( ?is4 ,i m>ri$ "y1 & hav+ =m$ 9
 my m9d a /&>d ( ideal p]fection1 ,i    
det]m9$ t my *ildr5 %\ld equal t /&>d1 z
 f> z human means c\ld make !m4 ,i tri$ 
to effect my object by sev]ity4 ,act+ ^u
 wrong pr9ciples1 ( c\rse1 ,i fail$2 b  
at t "t ,i 0 "y & ignorant1 & believ$   
myself to be "r4 ,h[ev]1 a fri5d :o knew
 bett] ?an myself1 & :o _h _h mu*       
exp]i5ce1 l5t me ,miss ,williams's      
,lett]s on ! ,philosophy ( ,education1 &
 ! read+ ( t book put new ideas into my 
m9d4 ,x produc$1 9 fact1 a m5tal        
revolution2--,i *ang$ my op9ion & my    
sy/em1 & did s ) ! happie/ success4 ,f t
 "t ,i bani%$ co]cion z a pr9ciple (    
education4 ,i repeat1 !n1 t belief is n 
volunt>y1 & t compulsion is n a good    
means ( produc+ good belief or good     
conduct4  ,g5tlem51 ,i w n[ quote !     

op9ion ( ,bi%op ,m>%1 z to ! importance 
( free inquiry4 ,i quote f ! ,bi%ops z  
p]sons ( ! greate/ au?ority on ?is      
subject1 f> great] ?an !                
,attorney-,g5]al1 or any ( 8 legal      
bre?r54  ,inve/igation1 x is said1      
frequ5tly leads to d\bts :]e !re 7 none 
be=e4 ,s mu* ! bett]4 ,if a ?+ is false1
 x ought n to be receiv$2 if a ?+ is    
true1 x c nev] lose 9 ! end by          
inquiry4--,bi%op ,m>%'s ,fir/ ,lecture4 
,g5tlem51 y h he>d ! op9ion ( ,bi%op    
,m>%4 ,y _c suppose t ! ,bi%ops are     
adv]se to ! ,*ur*--!y are great         
support]s ( x1 & s1 p]haps1 might ,i be 
if ,i got s mu* by x--7a laugh7--z l    
circum/ances produce l effects4 ,well1  
,g5tlem51 ,bi%op ,m>% ma9ta9s t if a ?+ 
is false1 x ought n to be receiv$2 if x 
is true1 x c nev] lose 9 ! end by       
inquiry4 ,:y1 !n1 %\ld !                
,attorney-,g5]al prosecute a p]son :o   
rejects a ?+ t does n appe> to him to be
 true8  ,g5tlem51 let me n[ submit to   
y\r att5tion ! op9ion ( ,sir ,william   

,temple4  ,sir ,william ,temple says1   
,!y may make me d ?+s :i* are 9 my p[]1 
& dep5d on my w2 b to believe ?is or t  
to be true dep5ds n on my w1 b ^u !     
light1 & evid5ce1 & in=mation :i* ,i h4 
,& w civil disc\ragem5ts & incapacities1
 f9es & confiscations1 /ripes &         
imprisonm5t1 enlight5 ! und]/&+1 conv9ce
 m5's m9ds ( error1 & in=m !m ( ! tru?8 
,c !y h any su* efficacy z to make m5   
*ange ! inw>d judgm5t !y h fram$ ( ?+s8 
,no?+ c d ?is b reason & argum5t3 ?is is
 :at our m9ds & und]/&+s w naturally    
yield to1 b !y _c be compell$ to believe
 any ?+ by outw>d =ce4 ,s t ! promot+ ( 
true religion is pla9ly out ( !         
magi/rate's rea*1 z well z beside 8     
(fice4  ,"h1 ,g5tlem51 y h ! op9ion (   
,sir ,william ,temple1 t m5 _c be =c$ to
 believe any?+ by outw>d =ce &          
p]secution1 s t ! promot+ ( true        
religion is out ( ! magi/rate's p[]1 z  
well z beside 8 (fice4 ,?is is a mo/    
true & prop] decl>ation2 & if !         
,attorney-,g5]al _h reflect$ ^u ?is     

passage1 ,i am sure he mu/ h fully      
appreciat$ its tru?1 & !n ?is           
prosecution w\ld n h be5 in/itut$4 ,i   
appeal to ! le>n$ ,attorney-,g5]al1 :e!r
 my be+ ru9$ & s5t to a dungeon w alt] !
 /ate ( ?+s8 ,w x alt] ! op9ion ( ,mr4  
,haslam8 ,w x make me believe t ,i ought
 to be prosecut$ = sell+ ?is book2 or t 
a man has n a "r to promulgate 8        
op9ions8 ,i am plac$ 9 an awkw>d        
position 9 hav+ to def5d a man's "r to  
publi%1 :ile ,i diss5t f "s ( ,mr4      
,haslam's op9ions1 & ! mann] 9 :i* he   
has ?\ght prop] to express !m4 ,i h be5 
told t ! ,attorney-,g5]al is a good k9d 
( a man1 :o has no wi% to press sev]ely 
^u p]sons 9 my situation2 & "s fri5ds--n
 my true fri5ds--h urg$ me to =w>d a    
memorial to him on ! subject ( ?is      
prosecution4 ,n[ :at c\ld ,i d8 ,!re 0  
no way ( induc+ ! ,attorney-,g5]al to   
/ay ?is prosecution1 b by plead+ guilty2
 & al?\gh ,i am well aw>e t y\r v]dict1 
if adv]se to me1 w be my ru91 yet ,i    
w\ld r t]m9ate my exi/5ce on ! floor (  

?is c\rt ?an plead guilty to ?is ly+    
indictm5t1 or admit t ,i am a wick$1    
malici\s1 & evil-dispos$ p]son1 :5 ,i "k
 t to ! be/ ( my judgm5t & ability ,i am
 an upright1 hone/1 well-int5tion$ man4 
,if ,i believ$ myself to be ! man       
describ$1 9 ! indictm5t--:i* ,i mu/ d   
be=e ,i c\ld cons5t to plead guilty--,i 
w\ld fly to ! utt]mo/ p>ts ( ! e>?2 = a 
man is totally de/roy$ :5 he has lo/ all
 feel+ ( self-respect1 & ! e/eem & reg>d
 ( 8 fri5ds & associates4  ,g5tleman ( !
 ,jury1 ,i h yet a ho/ ( au?orities be=e
 me1 b ,i w n wa/e "t by quot+ !m2 z ,i 
am conv9c$ y mu/ n[ be q satisfi$1 f :at
 ,i h already adduc$1 t e ,engli%man has
 an und\bt$ "r to inve/igate all        
subjects--:e!r religi\s or political--& 
to publi% ! result ( ! inve/igation = ! 
b5efit ( society at l>ge2 b1 ,g5tlem51 9
 clos+ :at ,i h to say on ?is "p ( !    
subject1 ,i beg to lay be=e y two /rik+ 
& conv9c+ passages f ,"l ,br\gham & ,dr4
 ,s\?wood ,smi?--two ( ! mo/            
intellectual & em95t individuals ( !    

pres5t day4  ,g5tlem51 ! fir/ passage ,i
 w quote is f ,dr4 ,s\?wood ,smi?1 :o   
/rik+ly & beautifully describes ! prop] 
b\nd>y ( human inve/igation2 & ,i beg ! 
p>ticul> att5tion ( ! le>n$             
,attorney-,g5]al to ?is passage4  ,!re  
is no prop] b\nd>y to human             
inve/igation1 says ! doctor1 b !        
capacity ( ! human m9d4 ,:atev] !       
faculties enable x to und]/&1 x ought to
 exam9e )\t any re/ra9t on ! fre$om (   
its inquiry1 & )\t any o!r limit to its 
ext5t ?an t :i* its great ,au?or has    
fix$1 by )hold+ f x ! p[] to proce$     
f>!r4 ,:5 ! means ( conduct+ ! human    
und]/&+ to its highe/ p]fection %all h  
become g5]ally und]/ood1 ?is fre$om (   
inquiry w n only be univ]sally all[$1 b 
e>ly & anxi\sly inculcat$1 z a duty (   
prim>y & ess5tial obligation4  ,g5tlem51
 ,i n[ beg y to li/5 to ! extract ,i am 
ab\t to read f ,"l ,br\gham's ,inaugural
 ,address to ! ,univ]sity ( ,glasg[4  ,z
 m5 w no long] suff] !mselves to be l$  
bl9dfold 9 ,ignorance1 s w !y no m yield

 to ! vile pr9ciple ( judg+ & treat+ _! 
fell[-creatures1 n accord+ to ! intr9sic
 m]it ( _! actions1 b accord+ to !      
accid5tal & involunt>y co9cid5ce ( _!   
op9ions4 ,! great tru? has f9ally gone  
=? to ! ends ( ! e>?1 t man %all no m   
r5d] ,,acc\nt ,,to ,,man ,,= ,,8        
,,belief1 ,,ov] ,,:i* ,,he ,,has        
,,himself ,,no ,,control4  ,h5ce=w>d    
no?+ %all prevail ^u u to praise or to  
blame any "o = t :i* he c no m *ange ?an
 he c ! hue ( 8 sk9 or ! height ( 8     
/ature4 ,h5ce=w>d1 treat+ ) entire      
respect ^? :o consci5ti\sly diff] f     
ourselves1 ! only practical effect ( !  
diff]5ce w be1 to make u enlight5 !     
ignorance1 on "o side or ! o!r1 f :i* x 
spr+s1 by in/ruct+ !m1 if x be !irs1    
ourselves1 if x be our own2 to ! end t !
 only k9d ( unanimity may be produc$ :i*
 is desirable among rational be+s1--!   
agreem5t proce$+ f full conviction aft] 
! free/ discussion4--,"l ,br\gham4      
,g5tlem51 aft] he>+ ^! spl5did passages1
 w x be possible = y to sanction a      

r5ewal ( p]secution to cru% fre$om (    
op9ion8  ,g5tlem5 ( ! ,jury1--,i n[ come
 to ! next po9t 9 ! argum5t4 ,hav+1 ,i  
hope1 successfully prov$ ! "r ( free    
inquiry & ! free publication ( op9ions1 
,i w proce$ to %[1 by a ref]5ce to pa/  
ev5ts1 t x is highly important t ?is "r 
%\ld be pres]v$1 & h&$ d[n to our late/ 
po/]ity unimpair$4 ,g5tlem51 x has be5 a
 uni=m practice1 f ! e>lie/ records (   
"t1 to /igmatize ^? :o introduce new    
tru?s1 or :o attack ! exi/+ in/itutions 
( a c\ntry1 z infidels1 & to fix ^u !m  
all sorts ( opprobi\s epi!ts4  ,9 all   
ages new doctr9es h be5 br&$ z impi\s2 &
 ,*ri/ianity itself has (f]$ no         
exception to ?is rule4 ,! ,greeks &     
,romans *>g$ ,*ri/ianity ) 'impiety &   
novelty4' ,9 ,cave's ,primitive         
,*ri/ianity we are in=m$ 't ! ,*ri/ians 
7 ev]y:]e acc\nt$ a pack ( ,a!i/s1 & _! 
religion ! ,a!ism4' ,!y 7 d5om9at$2     
'm\ntebank impo/ors1' & 'm5 ( a desp]ate
 & unlawful faction4' ,!y 7 repres5t$ z 
'de/ructive & p]nici\s to human         

society1' & 7 accus$ ( 'sacrilege1      
s$ition1 & high treason4' ,! same sy/em 
( misrepres5tation & abuse 0 practis$ by
 ! ,roman ,ca?olics aga9/ ! ,prote/ants 
at ! ,re=mation4 ,"s call$ _! dogs      
,calv92 & o!rs trans=m$ ,calv9 into     
,ca91' ,9 ,france1 '! old /ale          
calumnies1 =m]ly inv5t$ aga9/ ! fir/    
,*ri/ians1 7 aga9 reviv$ by ,demo*>es1 a
 doctor ( ! ,sorbonne1 pret5d+ t all !  
disa/]s ( ! /ate 7 to be attribut$ to   
,prote/ants alone4'--99,combe on !      
,con/itution ( ,man4  ,9 our own        
enlight5$ c\ntry1 :]e ! importance (    
tru?--& free inquiry z a means ( its    
atta9m5t--is beg9n+ to be appreciat$1 a 
diff]5t practice %\ld prevail4 ,we ought
 n to p]si/ 9 ?is unmanly c\rse4        
,recollect1 ,g5tlem51 ! ,prophets ( !   
,jews 7 blasphem]s aga9/ ! e/abli%$     
religions ( _! day4 ,did t det] !m f    
d5\nc+ ! idolatry & false religions ( ! 
surr\nd+ nations8 ,elijah is repres5t$ z
 ridicul+ ! ,god ( ! ,moabites 9 a mo/  
(f5sive mann]3 ,& x came to pass at     

noon1 t ,elijah mock$ !m & said1 ',cry  
al\d3 = he is a god2 ei!r he is talk+ f 
or he is pursu+1 or he is 9 a j\rney1 or
 p]adv5ture he sleepe? & mu/ be awak$4' 
#a ,k+s xviii4 #bg4 ,& 9 ,judea1 ,jesus 
& 8 ,apo/les 7 *>g$ z blasphem]s aga9/  
,judaism1 or ! religion e/abli%$ by     
,moses4 ,we h a rem>kable pro( ( ?is 9 !
 case ( ,/eph51 record$ 9 ! #f? & #g?   
*apt]s ( ! ,acts ( ! ,apo/les4  ,& !y 7 
n able to resi/ ! wisdom & ! _s by :i*  
he spake4  ,!n !y suborn$ m51 :i* said1 
,we h he>d him speak blasphem\s words   
aga9/ ,moses1 & aga9/ ,god4  ,& !y /irr$
 up ! p1 & ! eld]s1 & ! scribes1 & came 
^u him1 & caught him1 & br\ght him to ! 
c\ncil1  ,& set up false witnesses1 :i* 
said1 ,?is man cease? n to speak        
blasphem\s words aga9/ ?is holy place & 
! law3  ,= we h he>d him say t ?is      
,jesus ( ,naz>e? %all de/roy ?is place1 
& %all *ange ! cu/oms :i* ,moses deliv]$
 u4--,acts vi1 #aj--ad4  ,& ,/eph5      
def5d+ himself be=e ! ,c\ncil1 boldly   
asks !m1  ,:i* ( ! prophets h n y\r     

fa!rs p]secut$8 ,& !y h sla9 !m :i* %[$ 
be=e ( ! com+ ( ! ,j ,"o2 ( :om ye h    
,,be5 ,,n[ ,,! ,,betray]s ,,& ,,murd]]s4
  ,:5 !y he>d ^! ?+s !y 7 cut to ! he>t1
 & !y gna%$ at him ) _! tee?4  ,& !y    
cri$ out ) a l\d voice1 & /opp$ _! e>s1 
& ran ^u him ) "o accord1  ,& ca/ him   
out ( ! city1 & /on$ him4 ,acts vii2    
#ea1 #eb1 #ed1eg1eh4  ,n[1 ,g5tlem51 is 
x j or politic t ! proclaim]s ( new     
tru?s1 & new sy/ems1 %\ld be treat$ 9   
?is mann]8 ,w\ld x n be f> m rational to
 he> :at a man has to say1 & answ] him1 
?an to gna% at him ) ! tee?1 to /op y\r 
e>s1 to run at him ) "o accord1 & to    
/one him to dea?8 ,c y1 ,g5tlem51 by y\r
 v]dict give y\r sanction to a c\rse (  
proce$+ simil> to t :i* depriv$ ,/eph5 (
 life8 ,all p]secution is ! same 9      
_s--highly unju/ & impolitic--:e!r x be 
ex]cis$ aga9/ ! ,apo/le ,/eph51 or !    
humble individual :o n[ addresses y4    
,g5tlem51 ! support]s ( ! e/abli%$      
religion 9 ! days ( ! ,apo/les1 pursu$ !
 same c\rse t ! bigots ( ! pres5t day   

are pursu+4 ,!y appli$ to ! ,high       
,prie/1 or to ! ,attorney-,g5]al ( t    
day1 to prosecute ,/eph5 = blasphemy1 & 
/irr$ up ! p4 ,9 ! pres5t case ! ,bi%op 
( ,exet] did n /ir up ! p1 b he /irr$ up
 ! ,gov]nm5t4 ,he s5t a packet ( pap]s  
to ,"l ,normanby1 :o h&$ !m to !        
,attorney-,g5]al1 & he appe>s to h      
consid]$ x to be 8 duty to in/itute !   
pres5t prosecution4 ,! le>n$            
,attorney-,g5]al1 z 0 ! case ) ! prie/s 
& rul]s ( ! ,jews1 w\ld n all[ any      
discussion to take place t 0 likely to  
*ange exi/+ cu/oms4 ,i w d ! ,gov]nm5t !
 ju/ice to say1 h[ev]1 t ,i d n believe 
!y are dispos$ to put a /op to ! full   
inve/igation ( any subject1 if conduct$ 
) dec5cy4 ,i readily admit t ! passage 9
 ! eigh? numb] ( ,mr4 ,haslam's ,lett]s 
is highly objectionable 9 phraseology--x
 is 9 v bad ta/e--b is t a reason = s5d+
 a booksell] to prison1 because he has  
sold a book writt5 9 bad ta/e8 ,x _c    
be--all publi%$ works mu/ be left to !  
fiat ( public op9ion to det]m9e _! m]it4

  ,g5tlem51 ! same _s 0 ev9c$ by ! wick$
 & corrupt rul]s ( ! ,jews aga9/ ! f\nd]
 ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,!y s\ght false         
witnesses aga9/ him2 b at l5g?1 ,jesus  
hav+ spok5 out explicitly1 ! ,high      
,prie/ r5t 8 clo!s1 say+1 ,he ha? spok5 
blasphemy2 :at fur!r ne$ h we (         
witnesses8 ,behold1 n[ ye h he>d 8      
blasphemy4 ,:at ?9k ye8 ,!y answ]$ &    
said1 99,,he is guilty to dea?499       
7,matt4 #bf2 #fe47 ,w y1 ,g5tlem5--a    
,*ri/ian ,jury--consid]+ ,*ri/ianity "p 
& p>cel ( ! law ( ! l&1 by y\r v]dict   
say1 t ,jesus 0 rightly treat$ by !     
,jews8 ,ought ! con/itut$ au?orities ( t
 day to h ob/ruct$ ! glori\s tru?s (    
,*ri/ianity1 & h put to dea? ! ,mess5g] 
( ,man's salvation8 ,unless y deliv] a  
v]dict ( acquittal1 9 my case1 y 9      
effect sanction & ju/ify all ! cruelties
 ex]cis$ aga9/ ,jesus & 8 ,apo/les by ! 
rul]s ( ! ,jews8  ,! le>n$ ,c\nsel = !  
prosecution w1 p]haps1 ?9k t !re is no  
analogy betwe5 ! cases cit$ & my own    
case--t ,jesus & 8 ,apo/les introduc$   

tru?s ( ! greate/ magnitude &           
importance1 :ile ,i am indict$ = sell+ a
 book t d5ies ! tru? ( ! ,jewi%         
,scriptures4 ,:y1 ,g5tlem51 ,dr4 ,adam  
,cl>ke says1 ,!re is "s reason to fe> t 
!y 7! ,jews7 no long] consid] ! ,old    
,te/am5t z div9ely inspir$1 b believe t 
,moses _h rec\rse to pi\s frauds4 ,&1   
,g5tlem51 ,jesus & 8 ,apo/les d5i$ !    
tru? ( ! ,jewi% ,scriptures--z und]/ood 
by ! rul]s ( ! ,jews1--& = d5y+ !       
or?odox & receiv$ s5se ( ! ,jewi%       
,scriptures 7 accus$ ( blasphemy1 &     
receiv$ ! fate ( m>tyrs6 ,t _c be       
disput$4 ,0 x j1 !n1--0 x politic1 ,i   
ask1 to settle ?is controv]sy by =ce &  
cruelty8 ,to sc\rg or imprison1 & de/roy
 ^? glori\s m5 :o _h important tru?s to 
imp>t to ! _w8 ,if ,engl& has embrac$   
,*ri/ianity--& we are n a nation (      
hypocrites--let u act ^u ! _s ( 8       
religion4 ,he says pla9ly &             
emphatically1 t we are n to root up     
error by =ce or cruelty4  ,9 ! p>able ( 
! t>es ( ! field1 he sets =? our duty4  

,! ,k+dom ( ,heav51 he says1 is lik5$   
unto a man :o s[$ good se$ 9 8 field2 b 
:ile m5 slept1 8 enemy came & s[$ t>es  
among ! :eat1 & w5t 8 way4 ,b :5 ! blade
 0 sprung up1 & br\ght =? fruit1 !re    
appe>$ ! t>es also4 ,s ! s]vants ( !    
h\sehold] came & said unto him1 ,sir1   
did/ ?\ n s[ good se$ 9 ?y field8 f :5ce
 !n ha? x t>es6 ,he said unto !m1 ,an   
enemy ha? done ?is4 ,! s]vant said unto 
him1 ,wilt ?\ !n t we g & ga!r !m up8 ,b
 he said1 ,nay2 le/ :ile ye ga!r up !   
t>es1 ye root up also ! :eat ) !m4      
99,let bo? gr[ toge!r until ! h>ve/499  
,matt1 xiii2 #be--cj4  ,:5 8 disciples  
dem&$ an explanation ( ?is p>able1 he   
said1 ,! field is ! _w3 ! good se$ are !
 *ildr5 ( ! ,k+dom3 b ! t>es are !      
*ildr5 ( ! wick$ "o3 ! enemy t s[$ !m 9 
! devil3 ! h>ve/ is ! end ( ! _w2 & !   
reap]s are ! ,angels4 ,! ,son ( ,man    
%all s5d =? 8 ,angels1 & ,!y %all ga!r  
out ( 8 ,k+dom all ?+s t (f5d1 & !m :i* 
d iniquity4 ,matt1 xiii2 #ch1 #ci4 #da4 
,g5tlem51 h[ unju/ & impolitic1 !n1 are 

^! prosecutions4 ,d !y /op ! progress ( 
tru?8 ,p]secution = matt]s ( op9ion is !
 same 9 e case--impolitic--= x nev] yet 
succe$$ 9 /opp+ ! circulation ( a       
correct op9ion or a prohibit$ book8 ,:y 
%\ld ,*ri/ians prosecute m5 = disbeliev+
 ! ,jewi% ,scriptures1 :51 accord+ to   
,dr4 ,adam ,cl>ke1 ! ,jews disbelieve   
p>ts ( ! ,old ,te/am5t !mselves8 ,:y    
%\ld pr(ess$ ,*ri/ians take up & def5d t
 :i* ! ,jews !mselves reject8 ,paul1    
himself1 tea*es u t ! ,jewi% law has be5
 sup]s$$ by a sup]ior sy/em4 ,he tells u
 t ! ,jewi% law 0 our s*oolma/] to br+ u
 unto ,*ri/ 7or ,*ri/ianity71 b aft] t  
we are no long] "u a s*oolma/]4 ,gal4   
iii2 #bd1 #be4  ,i c assure ! ,jury t if
 ,haslam's ,lett]s to ! ,cl]gy is an    
improp] book1 x _c be put d[n by        
prosecution2 x is f> bett] to leave x to
 coldness & neglect4 ,i c\ld give _m    
pro(s ( ?is4 ,i am myself an in/ance ( !
 inefficacy ( prosecution4 ,i h be5     
prosecut$1 z ,i ?9k ) great inju/ice1 = 
! publication ( a pap] call$ ,! ,poor   

,man's ,gu>dian4 ,five hundr$ m5 0      
imprison$ = sell+ x2 ,i 0 twice         
imprison$1 & ! circulation ( ! pap]1 ?us
 prosecut$1 m ?an paid my losses2 b at  
la/1 9 ! ,c\rt ( ,ex*equ]1 be=e ,"l     
,lyndhur/1 ! ,jury f\nd a v]dict 9 my   
fav\r1 = ,i conv9c$ ! ,jury t !         
publication 0 "o :i* 0 n aga9/ ! law4   
,! ,attorney-,g5]al3 ,! ,jury f\nd t x 0
 n a newspap]4  ,precisely s3 & z soon z
 x 0 kn[n t ! ,gu>dian 0 a legal pap]1 x
 w5t d[n at once4 ,i c\ld n sell copies 
en\gh to pay ! exp5ses 7a laugh74 ,x has
 be5 j ! same ) ^! ,lett]s2 !y h rema9$ 
unsold till ?is prosecution1 b z soon z 
x 0 kn[n t !y 7 prosecut$1 ! man :o     
publi%$ !m c\ld n pr9t !m fa/ en\gh4    
,g5tlem51 ! enlight5$ ,*ri/ians ( !     
pres5t day1 by s5d+ out ,mission>ies to 
propagate ,*ri/ianity1 are guilty (     
blasphemy aga9/ ! e/abli%$ religion (   
hea!n c\ntries4 ,x w\ld be consid]$ 9   
,engl& v unju/ & cruel if ! natives 7 to
 seize our ,mission>ies1 & imprison &   
ill-treat !m4 ,if 9 ?is c\ntry we are 9 

! habit ( s5d+ out ,mission>ies to      
proclaim new tru?s to =eign c\ntries--is
 x n grossly inconsi/5t & unju/1 :ile   
do+ ?is1 to puni% p]sons = free         
inve/igation at home8 ,9 a rec5t case1  
cannon h be5 fir$ ^u ! natives ( "o ( ! 
,tonga ,isl&s1 because !y w\ld n receive
 ^! ,mission>ies4 ,! argum5t ( ^!       
,*ri/ians is1 t tru? mu/ be propagat$   
all ov] ! _w--b :y /op inquiry at home1 
:ile suff]+ a ,briti% man-(-w> to fire  
^u ^! isl&]s1 because !y w\ld n receive 
! new tru?s ( ! ,mission>ies 9 ! way !y 
wi%$8 ,is x wise--is x n highly         
impolitic1 !n1 to attempt to *eck !     
progress ( intellect & human improvem5t8
 ,c x be done by p]secution &           
imprisonm5t8 ,no1 ,g5tlem51 ! _s (      
inquiry is abroad among ! indu/ri\s     
millions--no subject is too sacr$ = _!  
inve/igation4 ,! m9d has bur/ ! fett]s  
impos$ on x1 9 ! days ( by-gone         
ignorance1 by ! cupidity ( int]e/$ &    
hypocritical prie/s1 :o are fully aw>e t
 _! pr9ciples & practices _c /& ! te/ ( 

free inquiry4 ,ev5 ,mr4 ,wesley1 ! f\nd]
 ( ,me?odism1 saw t 8 d>l+ sy/em mu/    
ultimately fall be=e ! se>*+ eye (      
philosophy & tru?4  ,f ! ,life ( ! ,rev4
 ,john ,wesley1 publi%$ 9 #agib4  ,de>  
,sir1--,= y\r oblig+ lett]1 :i* ,i      
receiv$ ?is morn+1 ,i return y ?anks4   
,our op9ions1 = ! mo/ "p1 p]fectly      
co9cide respect+ ! /ability ( !         
connexion aft] my head is laid 9 ! du/4 
,?is1 h[ev]1 is a subject ab\t :i* ,i am
 n s anxi\s z y seem to imag9e2 on !    
contr>y1 x is a matt] ( ! utmo/         
indiff]5ce to me1 z ,i h-long =ese5 t a 
division mu/ necess>ily ensue1 f causes 
s v>i\s1 unavoidable1 & c]ta91 t ,i h   
long s9ce giv5 up all ?\ghts & hopes (  
settl+ x on a p]man5t f\ndation4 ,y d n 
seem to be aw>e ( ! mo/ effective cause 
t w br+ ab\t a division4 ,y appreh5d !  
mo/ s]i\s consequ5ces f a /ruggle betwe5
 ! prea*]s = p[] & pre-em95ce1 & !re be+
 none among !m ( suffici5t au?ority or  
abilities to support ! dignity1 or comm&
 ! respect1 & exact ! implicit ob$i5ce1 

:i* is s necess>y to uphold our         
con/itution on its pres5t pr9ciples4    
,?is1 mo/ und\bt$ly1 is "o ?+ t w op]ate
 v p[]fully aga9/ unity 9 ! connexion1 &
 is1 p]haps1 :at ,i might possibly h    
prev5t$1 _h n a /ill great] difficulty  
aris5 9 my m9d4 ,i h (t5 wi%$ = "s p]son
 ( abilities to succe$ me z ! head ( !  
*ur* ,i h1 ) su* indefatigable pa9s &   
a/oni%+ success1 e/abli%$2 b1 conv9c$ t 
none b v sup]ior abilities w\ld be equal
 to ! und]tak+1 0 ,i to adopt a         
successor ( ?is description1 ,i fe> he  
might ga9 s mu* influ5ce among ! p z to 
usurp a %>e1 if n ! :ole1 ( t absolute &
 uncontrollable p[] :i* ,i h hi!rto1 &  
am det]m9$ ,i w ma9ta9 s long z ,i live3
 nev] w ,i be> a rival ne> my ?rone4 ,y1
 no d\bt1 see ! policy ( cont9ually     
*ang+ ! prea*]s f "o circuit to ano!r1  
at %ort p]iods3 = %\ld any ( !m become  
popul> ) _! diff]5t congregations1 &    
ins9uate !mselves into ! fav\r ( _!     
he>]s1 !y might possibly obta9 su*      
influ5ce z to e/abli% !mselves          

indep5d5tly ( me & ! g5]al connexion4   
,besides1 ! novelty ( ! cont9ual *ange  
excites curiosity1 & is ! m necess>y1 z 
few ( our prea*]s h abilities to r5d]   
!mselves 9 any degree tol]able any long]
 ?an !y are n[4  ,! pr9cipal cause :i* w
 inevitably effect a dim9ution &        
division 9 ! connexion aft] my dea?1    
wilt be ! failure ( subscriptions &     
contributions t[>ds ! support ( ! cause2
 = money is z mu* ! s9ews ( religi\s z (
 milit>y p[]4 ,if x is ) ! greate/      
difficulty t ev5 ,i c keep !m toge!r1 = 
want ( ?is v necess>y article1 ,i ?9k no
 "o else c4 ,ano!r cause1 :i*1 ) o!rs1 w
 effect ! division1 is ! disputes &     
cont5tions t w arise betwe5 ! prea*]s & 
! p>ties t w esp\se _! sev]al causes2 by
 :i* means mu* tru? w be br\ght to      
light1 :i* w reflect s mu* to _!        
disadvantage1 t ! eyes ( ! p w be op5$  
to see _! motives & pr9ciples2 nor w !y 
any long] contribute to _! support1 :5  
!y f9d all _! pret5sions to sanctity &  
love are f\nd$ on motives ( int]e/ &    

ambition4 ,! consequ5ce ( :i* w be1 a   
few ( ! mo/ popul> w e/abli% !mselves 9 
! respective places :]e !y h ga9$       
suffici5t influ5ce ov] ! m9ds ( ! p3 !  
re/ mu/ rev]t to _! orig9al humble      
call+s4 ,b ?is no way conc]ns me3 ,i h  
atta9$ ! object ( my views1 by e/abli%+ 
a "n t w n soon p]i% f ! face ( ! e>?2  
,i h f\nd$ a sect :i* w boa/ my "n long 
aft] my discipl9e & doctr9es are =gott54
  ,my "* & reputation = sanctity is n[  
beyond ! rea* ( calumny2 nor w any ?+ t 
may h]eaft] come to light1 or be said   
conc]n+ me1 to my prejudice1 h[ev] true1
 ga9 cr$it4      ',my unsoil$ "n1 !     
au/]5ess ( my life1       ,w v\* aga9/  
x1     ,& s ! accusation ov]weigh       
,t x w /ifle 9 its own report1     ,&   
smell ( calumny4'  ,ano!r cause t w     
op]ate m p[]fully & effectually ?an any 
( ! prec$+ is1 ! rays ( ,philosophy1 :i*
 beg9 n[ to p]vade all ranks1 rapidly   
dispell+ ! mi/s ( ignorance1 :i* h be5  
long1 9 a great degree1 ! "m ( devotion1
 ( slavi% prejudice1 & ! en?usia/ic     

bigotry ( religi\s op9ions4 ,! decl9e ( 
! ,papal p[] is ow+ to ! same           
irresi/ible cause2 nor c x be suppos$ t 
,me?odism c /& its gr\nd :5 br\ght to ! 
te/ ( ,tru?1 ,reason1 & ,philosophy4    
,city-road1 ,?ursday morn+4 ,j4 ,w4 7#a7
      #a4 ,z my def5ce _h ext5d$ to a   
great l5g?1 ,i 0 anxi\s     to sp>e ! "t
 ( ! ,jury1 & did n1 !re=e1 tr\ble      
!m ) ! :ole ( ?is lett]4 ,i m]ely       
describ$ !     nature ( x1 & read ! la/ 
p>agraph1 be+ ! only     portion        
applicable to my purpose2 b z ,i deem ! 
lett] a     valuable curiosity1 & wor?y 
( pres]vation1 ,i h ins]t$     x entire4
  ,g5tlem51 y see ,mr4 ,wesley          
anticipat$ t 8 sy/em mu/ yield to       
philosophy1 & d y believe ! ,*ur* (     
,engl& c /& :5 br\ght to ! te/ ( tru?1  
reason99 & philosophy8 ,a *ur* t w keep 
a man 9 prison ne>ly two ye>s = #es4    
#f;d4 *ur*-rates8 ,if y suppress        
,biblical exam9ation1 & ! free          
publication ( op9ion1 ! next /ep w be to
 /op inquiry into ! practices ( ! ,*ur*1

 & to make u all ! fett]$ slaves ( !    
prie/hood4 ,no1 ,g5tlem52 ,me?odism &   
,*ur*-(-,engl&ism are doom$ to fall2 &  
su* w be ! fate ( all sy/ems n bas$ ^u !
 rock ( tru?4 ,b1 ,g5tlem51 t is no     
reason = suppress+ inquiry1 because ! m 
! tru? is inve/igat$1 ! m beautiful x w 
appe>4  ,g5tlem51 has n our c\ntry rais$
 itself to ! highe/ p9nacle ( human     
greatness z reg>ds civilization & !     
arts8 ,:at rapid /rides--:at useful     
discov]ies x has made 9 ! arts &        
sci5ces6 ,consid] its va/ a*ievem5ts 9  
/eam navigation--9 railroad travell+--9 
! improvem5t ( ma*9]y4 ,to su* p]fection
 h !y br\ght ma*9]y1 t x is n[ almo/    
capable ( sup]s$+ human lab\r altoge!r4 
,if all ^! magnific5t improvem5ts 9 !   
arts & sci5ces are good to society1 & h 
result$ f free inquiry--:y hesitate to  
apply x to social1 religi\s1 & political
 subjects8 ,are we ev] to rema9         
drivell]s 9 religion8 ,! true crime is t
 ,haslam's ,lett]s are sold at a p5ny4  
,:y %\ld two-gu9ea blasphem]s be tol]at$

 & p5ny ones prosecut$8 ,h[ c ! le>n$   
,attorney-,g5]al1 ^: %elves are1        
d\btless1 adorn$ ) ,drummond's          
,academical ,que/ions1 ,voltaire1       
,gibbon1 ,volney1 & ,%elley1 uphold ?is 
prosecution2 & :at mu/ t law be :i* c   
f9d ! crime1 n 9 ! cont5ts ( ! book1 b 9
 ! fact ( its be+ sold = a p5ny8 ,!y    
might = two gu9eas buy a magnific5t book
 full ( blasphemy4 ,! ,attorney-,g5]al1 
9 8 op5+ spee*1 _h told ! ,jury t su*   
works 7 dang]\s to society if address$  
to ! vulg>1 ! un$ucat$1 & ! un?9k+ b ,i 
w appeal to 8 own witness1 :o _h read ! 
book1 & on :om1 an un$ucat$ man1 x _h   
prov$ inop]ative4 ,x _h done no mis*ief3
 & ,i hope ! ,jury w n consign me to a  
dungeon = hav+ sold a book :i* x has be5
 prov$ by 8 own witness has done no     
mis*ief4 ,paul said ! ,ba]eans 7 m noble
 ?an ^? ( ,!ssalonica1 because !y se>*$ 
! ,scriptures daily to see :e!r ^! ?+s 7
 s or n4 ,! ,attorney-,g5]al is ab\t to 
puni% me = do+ ! same ?+4 ,*ri/ himself 
said1 ! tru? %all make y free2 b !      

,attorney-,g5]al says ! tru?--or t :i* y
 believe to be ! tru?--%all make y a    
prison]4 ,9 ! p>able ( ! t>es1 to :i* ,i
 h already ref]r$1 ,jesus expressly     
=bade ! root+ up ( ! t>es1 le/ ! :eat   
%\ld be root$ up also4 ,he did n        
recomm5d p]secution1 b said let !m bo?  
gr[ toge!r until ! h>ve/4 ,^! passages  
are suffici5t to %[ t p]secution is     
oppos$ to ! :ole _s ( ,*ri/ianity4      
,g5tlem51 ,i w n[ call y\r att5tion to !
 law on ! subject4 ,9 ent]+ ^u ?is      
topic1 ( c\rse ,i %all lab\r "u a great 
disadvantage1 because ,i am unacqua9t$ )
 legal te*nicalities & cases4 ,i w      
comm5ce1 !re=e1 by read+ to y ! op9ion (
 ,*ief ,b>on ,eyre1 9 8 ,*>ge to ! ,gr& 
,jury1 on ! commission = ! trial (      
p]sons on ! *>ge ( ,high ,treason1 9    
#agid1 9 ! c\rse ( :i* he made use ( ^! 
lib]al expressions3--  ,all m5 may1 nay1
 all m5 mu/1 if !y possess ! faculty (  
?9k+1 reason ^u e ?+ :i* suffici5tly    
int]e/s !m to become objects ( _!       
att5tion2 & among ! objects ( att5tion (

 freem51 ! pr9ciples ( gov]nm5t1 !      
con/itution ( p>ticul> gov]nm5ts1 &1    
above all1 ! con/itution ( ! gov]nm5t "u
 :i* !y live1 w naturally engage        
att5tion1 & provoke speculation4 ,! p[] 
( communication ( ?\ghts & op9ions is ! 
gift ( ,god2 & ! fre$om ( x is ! s\rce (
 all sci5ce--! fir/ fruits1 & ! ultimate
 happ9ess ( all society2 & !re=e1 x     
seems to foll[1 t human laws ought n to 
int]pose1 nay1 _c int]pose1 to prev5t ! 
communication ( s5tim5t & op9ions1 9    
volunt>y assemblies ( m54  ,"h1         
,g5tlem51 we h an em95t legal au?ority1 
9 addition to ! ,bi%ops ,i h quot$1 :o  
decl>es t human laws ought n to         
int]-pose1 nay1 _c int]pose1 to prev5t !
 communication qf s5tim5t1 & op9ion4 ,"u
 :at law !n c ,i be condemn$8 ,?is      
prosecution goes a /ep fur!r ?an any o!r
 has gone2 x 9 effect decl>es t y %all n
 dispute ! tru? ( ! ,jewi% ,scriptures1 
:i* ,i h already %[n are sup]s$$ by !   
introduction ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,paul       
decl>es t ! ,jewi% law 0 only int5d$ to 

be our s*oolma/] to br+ u to            
,*ri/ianity2 b if ,*ri/ianity1 z is     
ass]t$1 be "p & p>cel ( ! l[ ( ,engl&1  
ev5 !n ?is prosecution has n a log to /&
 ^u4 ,9 ! ,life & ,correspond5ce (      
,major ,c>twright1 h[ev]1 !re is a lett]
 f ,jeff]son1 himself an em95t lawy]1 & 
,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica1  
:o _h deeply /udi$ ! laws ( ,engl&1 9   
:i* he has prov$ ! fallacy ( ! notion t 
,*ri/ianity is "p ( ! common law1 by %[+
 t ! common law _h exi/$ long be=e      
,*ri/ianity 0 introduc$ into ?is c\ntry2
 & t ! axiom _h its orig9 & f\ndation 9 
a misquotation & mi/ranslation ( a      
decision ( ,ju/ice ,prisot1 record$ 9 ! 
,ye> ,book1 sub/itut+ ! words ,holy     
,scriptures = ,anci5t ,scriptures4      
,jeff]son d5om9ates x a judici>y =g]y1 &
 ,i hope y\r ,lord%ip w to-day confirm  
,jeff]son's view1 & put an end to ?is   
illegal iniquity4  ,g5tlem51 ! passage  
,i am ab\t to quote f ,jeff]son's lett] 
to ,major ,c>twright1 conta9s ! op9ion (
 ,ju/ice ,prisot1 9 old ,fr5*1 b ,i h   

procur$ a lit]al & a free translation1  
:i* ,i w read to ! ,jury4 ,y\r ,lord%ip 
c ref] to ! orig9al 9 ! ,ye> ,book4  ,i 
0 glad to f9d1 9 y\r book1 a =mal       
contradiction1 at l5g?1 ( ! judici>y    
usurpation ( legislative p[]s2 = su* !  
judges h usurp$ 9 _! repeat$ decisions t
 ,*ri/ianity is a "p ( ! common law4 ,! 
pro( ( ! contr>y :i* y h adduc$ is      
incontrov]tible2 to wit1 t ! common law 
exi/$ :ile ! ,anglo-,saxons 7 yet       
,pagans2 at a "t :5 !y _h nev] yet he>d 
! "n ( ,*ri/ pron\nc$1 or knew t su* a  
"* _h ev] exi/$4 ,b x may amuse y to %[ 
:51 & by :at means1 !y /ole ?is law 9 ^u
 u4 ,9 a case ( qu>e imp$it1 9 !        
ye>-book1 #cd ,h4 #f1 fo4 #ch1 7#adeh17 
a "q 0 made1 h[ f> ! ecclesia/ical law 0
 to be respect$ 9 a common law c\rt8 ,& 
,ju/ice ,prisot1 c4 #e1 gives 8 op9ion 9
 ^! words3--  ',a tiel leis que ils de  
se9t eglise ont en anci5 scripture1     
covi5t  ',to su* laws :i* !y ( ! holy   
*ur* h 9 anci5t writ+1 x is prop]  a n\s
 a donn] cr$5ce2 c> ceo common ley sur  

quels t\ts mann]s  = u to give cr$5ce2  
because t is ! common law on :i* all    
sorts ( leis  sont lor des--et auxy1    
,sir1 n\s sumus obliges de conu/re leur 
ley de sa9t  laws are f\nd$--& ?us1     
,sir1 we are oblig$ to "k _! law ( !    
holy  eglise2 et semblablem5t ils sont  
obliges de conu/re no/re lev3 et1 ,sir1 
si  *ur*2 & 9 l mann] !y are oblig$ to  
"k our law2 &1 ,sir1 if  poit app]] or u
 n\s que ,tevesque ad fait come un      
ord9>y f]a en tiel  x c be %[n ?us to u 
t ! bi%op has done z a layman w\ld 9 su*
  cas1 adonq n\s devons ceo adjug] bon1 
ou aut]m5t nemy1' c47#a7 ,see ,s4 ,c1  a
 case1 !n we ought ?is to judge good1 or
 o!rwise n at all4        #a4           
,translation read to ! ,jury4           
,fitzh]b]t's ,abr4 qu4 imp4 #hi4 ,br[n's
 ,abr4 qu4 imp4 #ab4 ,f9*1 9 8 fir/     
book1 c4 #c1 is ! fir/ aft]w>ds :o      
quotes ?is case1 & mis/ates x ?us1 ',to 
su* laws ( ! *ur* z h w>rant 9 holy     
scripture our law give? cr$5ce1' & cites
 ,prisot1 mi/ranslat+ 'anci5 scripture' 

into 'holy scripture2' :]eas ,prisot    
palpably says1 'to su* laws z ^? ( holy 
*ur* h 9 anci5t writ+ x is prop] = u to 
give cr$5ce to wit1 to _! anci5t writt5 
laws4 ,?is 0 9 #afac1 a c5tury & a half 
aft] ! dictum ( ,prisot4 ,w+ate1 9      
#afeh1 erects ?is false translation into
 a maxim ( ! common law1 copy+ ! words (
 ,f9*1 b cit+ ,prisot4 ,w+ate's ,maxims1
 #c2 & ,%epp>d1 tit4 ',religion 9 #afge4
 copies ! same mi/ranslation1 quot+ !   
,ye>-book1 ,f9* & ,w+ate4 ,hale         
expresses x 9 ^! words1 ',*ri/ianity is 
p>cel ( ! laws ( ,engl&4'  ,x is prop] =
 u to respect ! laws :i* ! memb]s ( !   
holy *ur* h 9 anci5t manuscripts1       
because !y are ! g5]al s\rce f :i* all  
laws are drawn4 ,?us1 ,sir1 x is        
necess>y = u to be acqua9t$ )           
ecclesia/ical law1 & 9 l mann] ! judges 
( ! ecclesia/ical c\rts are oblig$ to   
und]/& our law3 9 consequ5ce1 ,sir1 if x
 c be %[n to u t ! ecclesia/ical c\rt   
has decid$ z a c\rt ( civil law w\ld h  
done 9 ! same case1 !n we ought to deem 

! judgm5t good2 b if a civil law c\rt   
w\ld h decid$ o!rwise1 ! judgm5t ( !    
eclesia/ical c\rt mu/ be deem$ errone\s4
  ,v5tr4 #bic4 #c ,keble1 #fjg1 b quotes
 no au?ority4 ,by ^! e*o+s & ree*o+s f  
"o to ano!r1 x _h become s e/abli%$ 9   
#agbh1 t 9 ! case ( ! ,k+ v4 ,wool/on1  
#b ,/range1 #hcd1 ! c\rt w\ld n suff] x 
to be debat$1 :e!r to write aga9/       
,*ri/ianity 0 puni%able 9 ! temporal    
c\rts at common law4 ,wood1 !re=e1 #dji1
 v5tures /ill to v>y ! phrase1 & says1  
't all blasphemy & pr(an5ess are (f5ces 
by ! common law1' & cites #b ,/range4   
,!n ,black/one1 9 #agfc1 ,,iv4 #ei1     
repeats ! words ( ,hale1 t ',*ri/ianity 
is "p ( ! law ( ,engl&1' cit+ ,v5tris & 
,/range3 & f9ally1 ,"l ,mansfield1 ) a  
little qualification1 9 ,evans's case 9 
#agfg1 says1 't ! ess5tial pr9ciples (  
reveal$ religion are p>ts ( ! common    
law1' ?us engulph+ ,bible1 ,te/am5t1 &  
all1 into ! common law1 )\t cit+ any    
au?ority4 ,& ?us we f9d ?is *a9 (       
au?orities hang+ l9k by l9k "o ^u ano!r1

 & all ultimately on "o & ! same hook2 &
 t a mi/ranslation ( ! words 'anci5     
scripture1' us$ by ,prisot4 ,f9* quotes 
,prisot2 ,w+ate does ! same2 ,%epp>d    
quotes ,prisot1 ,f9*1 & ,w+ate2 ,hale   
cites nobody2 ! ,c\rt1 9 ,wool/on's     
case1 cites ,hale2 ,wood cites          
,wool/on's case2 ,black/one quotes      
,wool/on's case & ,hale2 & ,"l          
,mansfield1 l ,hale1 v5tures x on 8 own 
au?ority4 ,"h ,i might defy ! be/-read  
lawy] to produce ano!r scrip ( au?ority 
= ?is judici>y =g]y2 & ,i might g on    
fur!r to %[ h[ "s ( ! ,anglo-,saxon     
prie/s int]polat$ into ! text ( ,alfr$'s
 laws1 ! #bj?1 #ba/1 #bbnd1 & #bcrd     
*apt]s ( ,exodus1 & ! #aj? ( ! ,acts ( !
 ,apo/les1 f ! #bcrd to ! #bi? v]ses4 ,b
 ?is w\ld lead my p5 & y\r pati5ce too  
f>4 ,:at a conspiracy ?is betwe5 ,*ur* &
 ,/ate6 ,s+ ,tant>>>a1 ,rogues all1     
,rogues all2 ,s+ ,tant>>>a1 ,rogues all6
  ,g5tlem51 aft] he>+ ?is /atem5t f ! p5
 ( an educat$ & em95t lawy]1 c y        
hesitate to return a v]dict ( acquittal8

 ,y h n[ a complete hi/ory ( ?is        
judici>y =g]y z ,jeff]son t]ms x1 be=e  
y2 & ,i am satisfi$ t t :i* orig9at$ 9 a
 fraudul5t mi/ranslation1 _c1 n[ t !    
fraud is detect$1 long reta9 ! =ce (    
law4 ,on ?is gr\nd1 !n1 ,i confid5tly   
claim y\r v]dict4  ,g5tlem51 ,i n[ come 
to ! trade argum5t--t x is a great      
h>d%ip & inju/ice to hold a booksell]   
responsible = ! cont5ts ( ! books he    
sells4  ,i am a g5]al booksell]2 & s    
great is ! competition1 & s fully is my 
"t occupi$1 t ,i h no "t to sp>e = read+
 ! v>i\s works 9 my %op1 ev5 if ,i _h ! 
incl9ation4 ,my excell5t & amiable son1 
be=e 8 dea?1 & be=e ,i _h any idea ( ?is
 prosecution1 drew up a pap] = !        
managem5t ( my bus9ess1 by :i* x appe>s 
t upw>ds ( sev5ty weekly p]iodicals pass
 ?r\gh my h&s e week1 besides books & _m
 o!r p]iodicals t are m]ely collect$ to 
ord]4 ,among/ !m w be f\nd e possible   
v>iety--,! ,*ur* ( ,engl& ,magaz9e1 ,!  
,sacr$ ,album1 & _m o!rs ma9ta9+        
contradictory & conflict+ op9ions2 b ,i 

d n hold myself responsible--ei!r       
legally or morally--= any ( !m4 ,i h no 
"r to set myself up z a c5sor ( ! press4
 ,i sell !m all--& am n responsible =   
any man's op9ions ^u an ab/ract or g5]al
 subject4 ,:5 ! subject matt] ( a book  
relates to ! p at l>ge1 ! public alone  
%\ld decide ^u its m]its4 ,if ! book be 
a good "o1 !y w support x2 if a bad "o1 
!y w condemn & reject x4 ,?is is ! only 
prop] puni%m5t = a bad au?or4 ,! l9e (  
duty ,i m>k out = myself 9 t ,i w nev]  
sell obsc5e publications--works t       
demoralise & corrupt society--nor any   
attacks ^u private "*2 & if a p]son     
comes to me compla9+ t 8 "* has be5     
falsely & sl&]\sly attack$1 ,i sell no m
 ( t "w4 ,:at m c be expect$ f a g5]al  
booksell]8 ,if ! sale ( a controv]sial  
book is to be suppress$1 because x      
conta9s a few passages 9 bad ta/e1 & (  
objectionable phraseology1 !n ! sale ( !
 ,bible itself mu/ be prohibit$1 = t    
book conta9s _m passages f> m           
objectionable 9 ! pres5t day ?an any to 

be f\nd 9 ,haslam's ,lett]s to ! ,cl]gy4
 ,i h "h a li/ ( passages f ! ,bible1 ( 
a highly objectionable "*2 b z ,i       
p]ceive a numb] ( ladies 9 ! c\rt1 ,i w 
n pollute _! e>s1 nor %ock ! feel+s ( ! 
,jury1 by read+ !m4 ,my only object 9   
allud+ to !m1 is to %[ t if ! pr9ciple (
 select+ two or ?ree objectionable      
passages f a "w is to lead to its       
condemnation1 & ! puni%m5t ( !          
booksell]1 !n ,i might ) equal ju/ice be
 condemn$ = sell+ ! ,bible itself4 ,on  
?is gr\nd1 also1 ,i claim & am entitl$  
to y\r v]dict4  ,g5tlem51 !             
,attorney-,g5]al has n done ju/ice to   
,mr4 ,haslam2 he has dwelt ^u ! passages
 conta9$ 9 ! indictm5t1 b has left !    
,jury 9 total ignorance ( ! g5]al nature
 ( ! "w4 ,9 _m p>ts ( ! book are to be  
f\nd passages ( great beauty4 ,s f> f a 
*>ge ( blasphemy fairly atta*+ to ,mr4  
,haslam's ,lett]s1 he uni=mly decl>es t 
he rejects ! ,jewi% ,scriptures because 
!y are irrational1 & di%on\r ! ,god t   
gov]ns ! univ]se4 ,i w read a passage f 

8 ,second ,lett]1 :i* %[s ! v5]ation he 
ent]ta9s = ! ,deity4  ,b is x n mon/r\s1
 t t p[] :i* gives life & motion to     
millions ( worlds2 :i* guides !m 9 _!   
et]nal revolutions 9 ! b\ndless ocean ( 
space1 & :i* pres]ves !m 9 ev]la/+ ord] 
& h>mony2 is x n mon/r\s t t p[] %\ld be
 repres5t$ 9 ?is ridicul\s po9t ( view8 
,va91 viol5t1 & boi/]\s1 )\t ! lea/     
indication ( any ?+ rational1 good1 or  
m]ciful 9 any ( 8 proce$+s4 ,su* a ,god 
may be ! ,god ( ! ,*ri/ians1 b he is n !
 ,god :o gov]ns ! univ]se4 ,t ,god is no
 m to be comp>$ to ! ,bible ,god1 ?an ! 
dazzl+ sun is to be comp>$ to ! glimm]+ 
light ( a c&le4  ,mr4 ,haslam's "w has  
_m o!r passages ( ! same description2 & 
! ,attorney-,g5]al w see t ! passage 9 !
 ,eigh? ,lett]--almo/ ! only            
objectionable passage 9 ! "w--0 n       
delib]ately design$ to give (f5ce1 :5 ,i
 tell him t ! au?or1 9 def]5ce to !     
op9ion ( 8 fri5ds1 has cancell$ !       
objectionable passage1 & re-writt5 x4   
,n[ :at w\ld ! le>n$ ,attorney-,g5]al h 

m8 ,! object ( prosecution has be5      
always held to be prev5tive1 or         
corrective1 n v9dictive4 ,! object      
s\ght1 !n1 is already atta9$4 ,mr4      
,haslam has anticipat$ y\r wi%es by     
correct+ ! objectionable passage4       
,g5tlem51 ,i h urg$ suffici5t1 ,i hope1 
to induce y to give me y\r v]dict2 b    
be=e ,i conclude1 ,i w read a passage f 
! works ( ,dean ,swift1 :i* is wor?y (  
y\r pr(\nd att5tion4 ,:oev]1 he says1   
c\ld re/ore1 9 any degree1 bro!rly love 
among m51 w\ld be an in/rum5t ( m good  
to society ?an ev] 0 or w be done by all
 ! /atesm5 9 ! _w4  ,g5tlem51 let u     
comm5ce ! glori\s "w to-day4 ,i w tell y
 h[ y c d m t[>ds spread+ bro!rly love  
among m51 ?an all ! /atesm5 9 ! _w w be 
able to accompli%4 ,say to ! ,gov]nm5t1 
by y\r v]dict1 ! publication ( op9ions  
%all be free4 ,?is w spread bro!rly love
 among m52 = :at is x t prev5ts bro!rly 
love f dwell+ among m58 ,! odi\s        
pr9ciple ( co]cion4 ,i d n believe !    
,gov]nm5t wi% to foll[ up ^!            

prosecutions if !y c avoid x4 ,!y h a   
prec$5t1 !n1 9 ! case ( ,sir ,rob]t     
,peel4 ,mr4 ,c>lile 0 9 prison ne>ly    
sev5 ye>s1 & _m ( 8 %opm5 7 imprison$ = 
v>i\s t]ras4 ,did su* v9dictive         
p]secutions *ange _! op9ions1 or /op !  
sale ( ! works prosecut$8 ,q ! contr>y4 
,! individuals became confirm$ & /r5g!n$
 9 _! op9ions1 & all ! prosecut$ works  
are n[ on sale 9 e booksell]'s %op 9    
,london4 ,! public began to consid] !m  
m>tyrs1 & ,sir ,rob]t ,peel & !         
,gov]nm5t ( t day saw ! inju/ice &      
cruelty ( su* proce$+s1 ab&on$ all      
prosecutions1 & lib]at$ ^? ^: t]ms (    
imprisonm5t 7 unexpir$4 ,surely ^? n[ 9 
au?ority are n ! m5 to recomm5ce ^!     
prosecutions = matt]s ( op9ion2 & my    
qu>rel ) !m is1 t !y h n ! moral c\rage 
to reply to ! taunts ( ! ,bi%op (       
,exet]1 by allud+ to ?is case ( ,sir    
,rob]t ,peel's ,gov]nm5t2 & boldly      
decl>+ t h5ce=? public op9ion %all be ! 
only c5sor4 ,aboli% t hateful pr9ciple (
 co]cion = matt]s ( op9ion1 & mutual    

tol]ation1 respect1 & bro!rly k9dness1 w
 h5ce=? prevail4  ,g5tlem51 ,*ri/ianity 
gives no sanction to p]secution4 ,!     
religion ( ,jesus1 rightly und]/ood1 is 
a practical & b5evol5t sy/em4 ,x is     
f\nd$ on two great comm&m5ts1 love (    
,god & love ( ,man4 ,! fir/ comm&m5t1 9 
fact1 resolves itself into a practical  
obs]vance ( ! second2 = x is expressly  
decl>$ t1 ,if a man say1 ,i love ,god1 &
 hate? 8 bro!r1 he is a li>3 = he t     
love? n 8 bro!r :om he ha? se51 h[ c he 
love ,god :om he ha? n se587#a7         
,recollect1 ,g5tlem51 ,love worke? no   
ill to 8 neighb\r47#b7 ,jesus enc\rages 
all m5 to ?9k = !mselves4 ,?is is 8     
exhortation--,:y1 ev5 ( y\r own selves1 
judge ye n :at is "r8997#c7 ,b :ile he  
has enc\rag$ ! ex]cise ( m9d1 he has n  
made et]nal happ9ess to dep5d ^u        
99belief b ^u _! actions2 & ! great evil
 ( society is attempt+ to co]ce p into !
 belief ( t :i* !y _c believe--a sy/em  
to :i*1 ,i hope1 y\r v]dict to-day w put
 a /op4        #a4 #a ,john iv42 #bj1   

#b4 ,rom4 xiii42 #aj1       #c4 ,luke   
xii42 #eg  ,g5tlem51 ! ,f\nd] (         
,*ri/ianity1 9 8 p>able ( ! ,la/        
,judgm5t1 tells u di/9ctly t m5 are to  
be judg$ by _! actions & n by _!        
op9ions2 = he describes himself z invit+
 ! righte\s to inh]it ! k+dom prep>$ =  
!m f ! f\ndation ( ! _w3 ,= ,i 0 an     
hung]$1 & ye gave me meat3 ,i 0 ?ir/y1 &
 ye gave me dr9k3 ,i 0 a /rang]1 & ye   
took me 93 nak$1 & ye clo!d me3 ,i 0    
sick1 & ye visit$ me3 ,i 0 9 prison1 &  
ye came unto me4 ,he !n repres5ts !     
righte\s z say+1 ,"l1 :5 saw we !e an   
hung]$1 & f$ !e ,i or ?ir/y1 & gave !e  
dr9k8 ,:5 saw we !e a /rang]1 & took !e 
98 or nak$1 & clo!d !e8 ,or :5 saw we !e
 sick1 or 9 prison1 & came unto !e8 ,& !
 ,k+ %all answ]1 ,inasmu* ,,z ,,ye ,,h  
,,done ,,x ,,unto ,,"o ,,( ,,! ,,lea/   
,,( ,,^! ,,my ,,bre?r51 ye h done x unto
 me4 ,he !n repres5ts himself z d5\nc+ !
 unrighte\s = giv+ him no meat1 nor     
dr9k2 = n clo?+ him :5 nak$1 nor visit+ 
him :5 sick2 & :5 !y desire to "k :5 he 

requir$ ^! ?+s1 & !y did n m9i/] unto   
him1 he replies1 ,inasmu* z ye did x n  
to "o ( ! lea/ ( ^! my bre?r51 ye did x 
n to me4 ,"h1 y p]ceive1 !re is no      
p>ticul> belief enjo9$1 none condemn$4  
,all m5 are to be judg$ by _! actions--n
 by _! belief4  ,g5tlem51 ,i h n[ urg$  
all t ,i deem necess>y to ensure an     
acquittal4 ,i hope y w consid] well !   
consequ5ces ( y\r v]dict1 & reflect ^u !
 wick$ness & impolicy ( te>+ a man f 8  
family1 = sell+ a book 9 ! ord9>y c\rse 
( 8 bus9ess4 ,if ,i h said any?+ 9 !    
c\rse ( my address to raise a prejudice 
9 y\r m9ds1 ,i hope y w disc>d x1 & d   
ju/ice by pron\nc+ an acquittal4  ,!    
,attorney-,g5]al claim$ 8 "r ( reply4   
,he comm5c$ by obs]v+ t ! ,def5dant1 9 8
 v long address to ! ,jury1 _h n advanc$
 any?+ t w\ld call = _m rem>ks f him1 s 
t he %\ld occupy bu ta v small portion (
 _! "t4 ,! ,def5dant _h cont5d$ t !     
blasphem\s attack on our holy religion1 
:i* !y _h he>d read1 0 only free        
inquiry2 & _h taunt$ ! ,gov]nm5t1 &     

himself1 :o desir$ ! ext5sion ( useful  
k1 ) hav+ prosecut$ ?is book4 ,b 0 ?is  
book ( ,haslam's useful k8 ,! ,def5dant 
said1 ,:y n answ] x8 ,b he1 !           
,attorney-,g5]al1 cont5d$ t x c\ld n be 
answ]$4 ,! only way to d ) x 0 to       
prosecute x4 ,?is publication--= ! sale 
( :i* ! ,def5dant 0 indict$--0 n fair   
argum5t & inquiry1 b blasphem\s         
invective4 ,! ,def5dant accus$ him ( n  
object+ s mu* to ! matt] ( !            
publication1 z to ! price at :i* x 0    
sold4 ,n )/&+ :at ! ,def5dant _h said on
 ?is po9t1 he1 ! ,attorney-,g5]al1      
cont5d$ t ! l[ price at :i* x 0 sold    
made ! publication d\bly mis*iev\s1 z x 
caus$ x to circulate among ! work+      
classes ( society1 :o 7 f _! habits1    
incapable ( ?\ght or discrim9ation2 _!  
"t 0 s entirely occupi$ t x 0 impossible
 !y c\ld devote suffici5t "t to read+ to
 gu>d !mselves aga9/ ! evil t5d5cy ( su*
 works2 :ile ! ,jury1 & m5 9 _! class ( 
life1 71 f _! education1 furni%$ ) an   
antidote to ! poison4 ,if attacks on !  

,scriptures 7 to be p]mitt$1 :at 0 to   
prev5t ! pi\s feel+s ( ! community f be+
 outrag$8 ,suppose a man 7 to c>ry a    
bo>d ?r\gh ! /reets on :i* 0 inscrib$ 9 
l>ge *>act]s1 t ,*ri/ 0 an impo/or4     
,c\ld x be tol]at$8 ,yet ?is1 accord+ to
 ! ,def5dant1 0 only free inquiry6      
,aga91 suppose any "o pref]r$ a         
republican to a mon>*ical =m ( gov]nm5t1
 & 0 to excite & recomm5d ! sub/itution 
( ! "o = ! o!r by =ce ( arms1 incit+1 by
 inflammatory appeals1 ! p to murd] !   
,gov]nm5t & ! ,que5--yet ?is w\ld be1   
accord+ to ,mr4 ,he!r+ton1 only free    
inquiry6 ,! ,def5dant _h said t ,mr4    
,haslam 0 a ,sociali/2 n[ ! ,sociali/s  
held an op9ion t m>riage 0 an in/itution
 t ought to be aboli%$4 ,if a man1 "u t 
plea1 7 to recomm5d ! s$uction ( 8      
neighb\r's wife or daught]--w\ld any "o 
cont5d t su* op9ions %\ld be publi%$ )  
impunity8 yet ! ,def5dant consid]s ?is !
 free inve/igation ( op9ions2 & to      
prosecute a blasphem\s publication1 he  
says1 is to prev5t fre$om ( op9ion4 ,no 

"o wi%$ to int]f]e ) ,mr4 ,he!r+ton's   
private op9ion4 ,! policeman1 :5 he w5t 
to ,mr4 ,he!r+ton's %op to pur*ase !    
numb]s1 did n inquire z to 8 p>ticul>   
belief4 ,if !re 7 p]sons s un=tunate z  
to disbelieve ! ,scriptures--:i* 7 !    
f\ndation ( our holy religion--! law did
 n int]f]e ) !m s long z !y kept _!     
op9ions to !mselves1 & did n publicly   
attack ! au!nticity ( ! ,bible4 ,mr4    
,he!r+ton _h spok5 ( ! effect (         
prosecution 9 ext5d+ ! sale ( su*       
publications1 allud+ p>ticul>ly to !    
,poor ,man's ,gu>dian2 b he1 !          
,attorney-,g5]al1 call$ ^u ! ,jury to d 
_! duty by br++8 to puni%m5t ^? :o      
outrag$ ! law1 t o!rs might be det]r$ f 
(f5d+4 ,if ! ,jury look$ at ! immoral   
t5d5cy ( su* writ+s1 & ! doctr9es (     
non-responsibility laid d[n by ,mr4     
,he!r+ton1 :o decl>$ t he 0 nei!r       
responsible = 8 belief1 nor 8 actions-- 
,mr4 ,he!r+ton "h int]rupt$1 decl>+ t ! 
,attorney-,g5]al 0 act+ mo/ unfairly    
t[>ds him4 ,he nev] us$ su* language1 b 

q ! contr>y2 :at he ma9ta9$ 01 t he 0 n 
responsible = 8 belief b t he 0         
responsible = 8 actions4 ,if he injur$ a
 fri5d1 a neighb\r1 or a fell[-citiz51  
he 0 am5able to society = ! injury done4
 ,! ,attorney-,g5]al1 he cont5d$1 0 n   
reply+ to him1 b p]v]t+ 8 argum5ts &    
misrepres5t+ facts4  ,"l ,d5man said t  
he agre$ ) ! ,def5dant 9 ! fir/ in/ance1
 & !re=e he ?\ght he 0 ju/ifi$ 9 putt+ !
 ,attorney-,g5]al "r2 b !               
,attorney-,g5]al1 he ?\ght1 0 entitl$ to
 make any rem>ks ^u facts :i* came out 9
 evid5ce4  ,mr4 ,he!r+ton 7) great      
vehem5ce74--,b he is mis-/at+ facts1 &  
mak+ /atem5ts calculat$ to mislead !    
,jury4  ,"l ,d5man4--,y mu/ n int]rupt4 
,! ,def5dant4--,b my lib]ty is at /ake1 
& ,i w speak4 7,applause at ! back ( !  
c\rt1 :i* 0 in/antly suppress$ by !     
(fic]s47  ,"l ,d5man4--,y %all be he>d 9
 correction ( any?+ y may ?9k a         
misrepres5tation1 aft]w>ds2 n 9 reply1 b
 m]ely 9 correction4  ,!                
,def5dant4--,?ank y1 my ,"l4  ,!        

,attorney-,g5]al obs]v$1 t ! ,def5dant  
d5i$ be+ ! publi%]1 b he w\ld conv9ce ! 
,jury t he 01 by read+ ! title to !m4   
,he !n read ! title ( ! book--omitt+ !  
publi%]'s "n1 & read+ ! "n ( ! ,def5dant
 only1 till ,mr4 ,he!r+ton insi/$ ^u 8  
r5d+ ! :ole title z foll[s3--,lett]s to 
! ,cl]gy ( all ,d5om9ations1 %[+ !      
,errors1 ,absurdities1 &                
,irrationalities ( _! ,doctr9es4 ,by ,c4
 ,j4 ,haslani4 ,f\r? ,edition4 ,man*e/]3
 ,a4 ,heywood4 #ef & #fj1 ,oldham       
,/reet4 ,london992 ,he!r+ton1 #abf1     
,/r&2 ,cleave1 ,%oe ,lane1 ,fleet       
,/reet2 ,watson1 ,city ,road1 ,f9sbury2 
& ,j4 ,gue/1 ,birm+ham2 & all           
,booksell]s 9 ,t[n & ,c\ntry4  ,!       
,attorney-,g5]al !n proce$$4--,conceive1
 g5tlem51 a s]vant or an appr5tice read+
 ?is "w :]e ! in/itution ( private      
prop]ty 0 said to be ! great evil (     
society--w\ld he feel any compunction at
 appropriat+ ! goods or money ( 8       
employ] to 8 own use8 ,w\ld he n f9d    
argum5ts 9 ?is "w to ju/ify him 9 8     

iniquity8 ,mr4 ,he!r+ton _h tak5 cr$it  
to himself = dis9t]e/$ motives1 b he    
fe>$ t he 0 actuat$ by m]c5>y           
motives--look+ only to emolum5t--c>eless
 ( ! effect x might h on ! morals ( !   
un?9k+ work+-classes47#a7 ,he call$ ^u !
 ,jury1 by ! oa?s !y _h tak5 on ! ,holy 
,gospel--:i* ?is book blasphem\sly      
attack$--to consid] ! effect ( a v]dict 
( acquittal1 & to d _! duty to ! public4
 ,by su* a v]dict !y w\ld lic5se ! mo/  
infam\s attacks on ! ,holy ,scriptures1 
& w\ld loos5 ! bonds :i* held society   
toge!r4      #a4 ,?is comes well f a    
g5tleman :o desc5d$ f 8 high            
pr(essional position to att5d at ! ,old 
,bailry1 = a fee (     ,l4 #ajj1 to     
plead = a man *>g$ ) murd]4  ,mr4       
,he!r+ton expla9$ t x 0 ! cu/om ( !     
trade to place ! "n ( any booksell]1 )  
:om ! real publi%] did bus9ess1 on !    
title-page ( ! book1 & t 8 "n _h be5 s  
plac$ by ,mr4 ,hey-wood1 ( ,man*e/]1 !  
real publi%]1 )\t 8 k4 ,mr4 ,heywood 0 !
 orig9al publi%]2 he receiv$ no         

puni%m5t1 & 0 n[ at lib]ty4  ,"l ,d5man1
 9 summ+ up1 obs]v$1 t ! law consid]$ ! 
v5dor ( a "w ! publi%] ( x1 & t         
consequ5tly he mu/ be held responsible4 
,x _h also be5 con/antly laid d[n t     
blasphemy 0 an (f5ce at common law4 ,9 !
 ,def5dant's def5ce1 ,,to ,,:i* ,,he    
,,_h ,,li/5$ ,,) ,,feel+s ,,( ,,great   
,,int]e/1 ,,aye1 ,,) ,,s5tim5ts ,,(     
,,respect ,,too1 he _h compla9$ ( !     
h>d%ip ( a g5]al publi%] be+ held       
responsible = ! cont5ts ( all ! works he
 might sell1 b he _h himself answ]$ t   
argum5t by ! conduct :i* he /at$ he     
pursu$ ) reg>d to obsc5e & p]sonally    
libell\s publication1 & f ! title-page (
 ?is "w x 0 sc>cely possible n to be1 9 
"s measure1 aw>e ( its cont5ts4         
,discussions on a subject1 ev5 ! mo/    
sacr$1 might be tol]at$ :5 !y 7 conduct$
 9 a fair _s2 b :5 appeals 7 made n to  
reason b to ! bad feel+s ( human nature1
 or :]e ridicule or invective 7 _h      
rec\rse to1 x c\ld n be consid]$        
discussion4 ,z to ! impolicy ( ^! sort (

 prosecutions t 0 a "q ) :i* !y _h no?+ 
to d2 ! only "q = !m to det]m9e 01 :e!r 
! publication 9 "q 0 a blasphem\s libel1
 & :e!r x _h be5 publi%$ by ! ,def5dant4
  ,! ,jury imm$iately return$ a v]dict (
 ,guilty4  ,! ,attorney-,g5]al pray$ !  
imm$iate judgm5t ( ! ,c\rt4  ,"l        
,d5man4--,i ?9k ! pass+ s5t5ce _h bett] 
be def]r$1 until we h _h ! opportunity (
 consid]+ ! subject4  ,! ,def5dant !n   
retir$1 & ! ,c\rt adj\rn$4              
,,obs]vations   ,! r5ewal ( a s]ies (   
,gov]nm5t prosecutions = alleg$         
blasphemy1 w ju/ify me 9 accompany+ !   
publication ( ! =ego+ trial ) a few     
words ( comm5t4  ,! po9ts ^u :i* ,i deem
 x my duty to animadv]t--are ! conduct (
 ! ,gov]nm5t1 ! ,attorney-,g5]al1 & !   
,jury4  ,i consid] t ! ,gov]nm5t h act$ 
t[>ds me1 9 ?is prosecution1 9 a v      
unju/ifiable mann]4 ,!y fir/ plac$ ,mr4 
,cleave on 8 trial = sell+ ! fif?1      
eigh?1 & ?irte5? numb]s ( ,haslam's     
,lett]s4 ,he plead$ ,n ,guilty1 b 0     
convict$ 7aft] an able & conv9c+ spee* f

 8-,c\nsel1 ,mr4 ,*amb]s71 by z /upid a 
,jury z ev] sat 9 judgm5t on an hone/   
man4 ,! ,judge s5t5c$ him to f\r mon?s' 
imprisonm5t1 & a f9e ( ,l#bj4 ,su* 0 !  
=ce ( public op9ion1 h[ev]1 on !        
inju/ice & impolicy ( su* prosecutions1 
t ,mr4 ,cleave 0 lib]at$1 ^u pay+ ! f9e1
 aft] five weeks' imprisonm5t4  ,! trial
 ( ,mr4 ,heywood1 ! orig9al publi%]1    
came next4 ,8 kn[n integrity &          
respectability _h atta*$ to him _m      
influ5tial fri5ds1 :o repres5t$ to !    
,gov]nm5t ! folly & inju/ice ( ^!       
proce$+s1 & ,"l ,normanby at l5g? yield$
 to _! importunities1 by agree+1 on     
condition t he plead$ guilty1 t ,mr4    
,heywood's prosecution %\ld proce$ no   
fur!r4 ,mr4 ,heywood compli$1 & 0 left  
at lib]ty1 on ent]+ into 8 own          
recognizances1 to appe> :5 call$ ^u4    
,public op9ion unequivocally decl>$ t   
su* prosecutions 7 indef5sible1 & x 0 v 
g5]ally believ$ t ! ,gov]nm5t w\ld ab&on
 !m f a conviction ( _! inju/ice &      
impolicy4 ,in/ead ( :i* !y proce$$ aga9/

 me = sell+ ! same numb]s ( ! id5tical  
"w t ,messrs4 ,cleave & ,heywood _h be5 
prosecut$ = sell+1 ?\gh ! puni%m5t (    
,mr4 ,cleave 0 remitt$1 & ! ,gov]nm5t   
comp\nd$ blasphemy 9 ! case ( ,mr4      
,heywood4 ,to injure & annoy hone/ &    
indu/ri\s tradesm51 because ! au?or ( a 
book has 9 two or ?ree in/ances express$
 8 ideas 9 vulg> & objectionable        
phraseology1 is unwor?y ( an enlight5$  
,gov]nm5t4 ,i feel pity = ! ,jury :o    
c\ld ignorantly pron\nce a v]dict (     
guilty aga9/ a man :o nev] wilfully     
injur$ a fell[-creature1 m]ely because  
he _h sold a book t combat$ ! e/abli%$  
op9ions ( ! day2 b ,i ent]ta9 v diff]5t 
s5tim5ts aga9/ ! ,gov]nm5t t c\ld       
in/itute & c>ry =w>d prosecutions ( ?is 
nature1 :51 f _! sup]ior k1 !y mu/ be   
fully aw>e ( ! iniquity ( _! proce$+s4  
,!y enc\rage reason & free inquiry1 :ile
 x fav\rs _! objects2 & !y p]secute &   
ru9 all ^?1 :o1 by ! ex]cise ( reason & 
free inquiry1 arrive at conclusions     
adv]se to ! e/abli%$ op9ions ( society4 

,! "t has pass$1 h[ev]1 = a r5ewal (    
p]secution = matt]s ( op9ion4 ,no       
,gov]nm5t c /& t w attempt x2 & ,i tell 
,h] ,maje/y's ,gov]nm5t1 t :5 !y int]f]e
 ) ! religi\s or anti-religi\s op9ions (
 ! p1 !y /ep out ( _! prov9ce1--& to    
inflict puni%m5t ^u ei!r ! orig9al      
publi%] or ! g5]al booksell]1 :o        
supplies all works to ord]1 = ! op9ions 
conta9$ 9 ! works !y respectively publi%
 or sell1 is an odi\s act ( tyranny t   
good m5 ( e op9ion %\ld d5\nce & oppose4
 ,i1 = "o1 w nev] sanction or submit to 
su* tyranny4 ,:e!r any & :at s5t5ce w be
 pass$ ^u me ,i "k n2 b ,i h made up my 
m9d t ,i w ma9ta91 at all risks1 & "u e 
privation1 to ! utmo/ ext5t ( my ability
 & means1 ! "r ( all m5 to freely publi%
 _! op9ions ^u e subject ( g5]al        
int]e/--:e!r social1 political1 or      
religi\s2 aye1 or anti-religi\s1--& if !
 ,gov]nm5t w\ld receive a sugge/ion f   
me1 ,i w\ld sugge/ to !m to take _! /&  
on ?is glori\s pr9ciple--p]fect fre$om  
is ! =mation ,,z ,,publication ,,(      

,,op9ions ,,= ,,e ,,sect ,,& ,,p>ty4 ,t 
is ! mo/ effectual way to elicit tru? ^u
 all subjects2 & ,i w\ld respectfully   
ask !m1 :e!r !y ev] knew ! tru? injure  
any sect or p>ty t 0 dispos$ to act     
hone/ly8  ,i hope ! ,gov]nm5t w reflect 
^u ! inju/ice & impolicy ( ?is new      
crusade aga9/ ! free expression (       
op9ion1 adopt my sugge/ion1 & ab&on all 
prosecutions aga9/ ^? :o hone/ly        
controv]t ! receiv$ op9ions ( society4  
,hav+ n[ express$ my feel+s ) reg>d to !
 conduct ( ! ,gov]nm5t1 ,i mu/ say a ^w 
or two respect+ ! behavi\r ( ! le>n$    
,attorney-,g5]al t[>ds me1 on my trial4 
,he made v few obs]vations 9 op5+ !     
case1 b res]v$ himself = 8 ,reply2 a    
privilege :i* ,i ?9k he 0 n entitl$ to1 
z ,i call$ no witnesses4 ,_h ,i         
anticipat$ he w\ld h claim$ ! privilege 
( reply1 & abus$ x 9 ! %ameful mann] t  
he did1 ,i c\ld h ov]?r[n1 by witnesses1
 ! false impression :i* he s unju/ly    
lab\r$ to e/abli% on ! m9ds ( ! ,jury--t
 ,i 0 ! publi%] ( ! "w1 because my "n 0 

affix$ to ! book fir/ ( ! ,london ag5ts4
 ,:at is ! object ( a reply8 ,x is to   
answ] ! facts & argum5ts adduc$ by !    
,def5dant2 to %[ t he has reason$       
illogically2 & to po9t out to ! ,jury1  
succ9ctly & cle>ly99 ! po9ts 9 :i* he   
has fail$ to answ] ! *>ge laid aga9/ him
 9 ! indictm5t4 ,9 addition1 h[ev]1 to  
?is base attempt to hold me up to !     
,jury z ! orig9al publi%]1 !            
,attorney-,g5]al obvi\sly s\ght to make 
! ,jury believe--7& !re is e reason to  
?9k t he triumph$ 9 ?is 8 unju/ attempt 
to injure me7--t ,i claim$ immunity n   
only = my belief b my actions1 ,:5 ,i   
insi/$ ^u sett+ him "r1 by %[+ him !    
utt] falsehood ( 8 ass]tion1 9 :i* ,i 0 
support$ by ,"l ,*ief ,ju/ice ,d5man1 he
 trea*]\sly aim$ at fix+ ^u me !        
consequ5ces ( doctr9es to :i* ,i _h n   
ev5 adv]t$ 9 my spee*1 & :i* _h no      
ref]5ce :atev] to ! subject !n be=e !   
,c\rt4 ,he basely ins9uat$ t ,i 0       
virtually claim+ immunity = all acts (  
aggression--su* z robb]y1 murd]1        

s$uction1 unju/ifiable rebellion1 &     
assass9ation ( ! ,que52 /riv+ to raise 9
 ! m9ds ( ! ,jury a confusion betwe5 !  
"r ( fre$om ( op9ion & ! wrong (        
lic5ti\s action6 ,?is1 too1 0 sl&]\sly  
repeat$1 aft] my op5 appeal to ! ,c\rt  
aga9/ su* malignity2 & ?is ! le>n$      
,attorney-,g5]al calls avail+ himself ( 
8 privilege ( reply6 ,i 0 n all[$ to    
answ] ^! falsehoods ( !                 
,attorney-,g5]al2 ?\gh1 z ! accus$ p>ty1
 ,i 0 9 ju/ice1 if n 9 law1 entitl$ to e
 opportunity ( mak+ ! tru? app>5t to !  
,jury4  ,z to ! ,jury--,:at %all ,i say 
( !m8 ,i c only pity m5 :o exhibit$ su* 
w(ul ignorance & imbecility z to be l$  
away by misrepres5tations t _h n ev5 !  
appe>ance ( tru?4 ,let me ask ! ,jury "o
 simple "q4 ,!y 7 b\nd by _! oa? to give
 a true v]dict accord+ to ! evid5ce4 ,n[
 let me ask !m1 0 !re any evid5ce (     
,,blasphemy8  ,! evid5ce adduc$ m]ely   
prov$ ! sale ( a c]ta9 book4 ,!re 0 no  
evid5ce t ! cont5ts ( ! book 7          
blasphem\s4 ,?is "q--7t is to say1 ! v  

"q 9 dispute--! "q :e!r or n !re 0 any  
blasphemy7--?is "q 0 decid$ by ,judge & 
,jury )\t an iota ( evid5ce1 )\t ev5 an 
attempt at any evid5ce be>+ ,^u x4 ,!   
op9ions ( ! ,judge & ,jury decid$ ! "q (
 ! indictm5t---,0 !re blasphemy or no6  
,!re 0 no evid5ce at all ^u x4 ,g5tlem5 
( ! ,jury--common & special--0 y\r      
v]dict 9 accordance ) ! ,,evid5ce br\ght
 =w>d = y\r enlight5$ consid]ation--0   
y\r v]dict 9 accordance ) ! t]ms ( y\r  
oa?8 ,! v]dict to :i* ,i 0 entitl$ f    
hone/ & reason+ m5 0 ! foll[+3--ei!r a  
direct ,n ,guilty ( blasphemy--or ?is1  
,guilty ( sell+ a c]ta9 book conc]n+ !  
nature ( :i* wce h _h no evid5ce--matt]s
 ( op9ion n be+1 9 fact susceptible (   
evid5ce4    ,h4 ,,he!r+ton4  ,i _c close
 ^! ,obs]vations )\t t5d]+ my be/ ?anks 
to ! editor ( ,! ,sun = ! zeal & ability
 ) :i*1 9 a succession ( lead+ articles1
 he def5d$ ! "r ( ,free ,inquiry & !    
,free ,publication ( ,op9ions4 ,! ,morn+
 ,*ronicle publi%$ an imp>tial report ( 
! ,trial1 & gave a good lead+ article on

 ! subject4 ,! ,morn+ ,adv]tis] & !     
,weekly ,*ronicle also publi%$ a fair   
report ( ! ,trial4 ,! ,weekly ,dispat* &
 ,! ,/atesman are bo? entitl$ to ?anks =
 _! advocacy ( ,tru? & ,lib]ty1 9       
ref]5ce to ! pr9ciple cont5d$ = 9 my    
,def5ce4 ,! ?ree ,lett]s ( ,publicola1 9
 ,! ,weekly ,dispat*1 are invaluable2 & 
,i regret t ,i _c f9d room = ! :ole ( !m
 9 ?is pamphlet1 )\t consid]ably enhanc+
 its price & defeat+ my own object (    
ext5sive circulation = my ,trial4 ,!y   
are wor?y ( a di/9ct publication4 ,i c  
only fill up ! space ,i h left by !     
ins]tion ( ! foll[+ excell5t article f  
,! ,sun ( ,friday1 ,decemb] ! #aa?1     
#ahdj1 & ,publicola's ,lett] to ,"l     
,*ief ,ju/ice ,d5man4--,h4 ,h4          
,extract f ,! ,sun ,newspap]   ,we      
br\ght evid5ce ye/]day to %[ t !        
suppression ( objections to !           
,scriptures by p5al enactm5ts is        
tyrannical1 unju/1 & absurd1 & t ! law  
is p>tially adm9i/]$4 ,if we return to !
 subject1 x is f a deep s5se ( its almo/

 immeasurable importance4 ,our :ole     
int]nal ,a policy1 ne>ly1 is fram$ ) a  
view to support ! ,*ur*4 ,! ,*ur* is    
f\nd$1 or r pret5ds to be f\nd$1 on !   
,bible2 b we are n[ told by ! decision (
 ! ,jury on ,tuesday1 t x is a crime to 
object to its /atem5ts4 ,! happ9ess (   
society1 !n1 is to be *a9$ & b\nd by    
pr9ciples & doctr9es1 :i* society mu/ n 
exam9e2 = if m5 mu/ n object1 :at is !  
use ( exam9ation8  ,we see disord]      
p]vad+ e "p ( society4 ,! poor are set  
aga9/ ! ri*1 & ! ri* are zeal\sly engag$
 9 oppress+ & co]c+ ! poor4 ,crime      
increases1 & ?\gh m *ur*es are build+1  
religion is decay+4 ,! rem$ies sugge/$ =
 our disord]s1 )9 ! b\nds sanction$ by !
 ,*ur*1 are m num]\s ?an ! disord]s     
!mselves2 b ?\gh confusion & an>*y      
?reat5 u1 ! law =bids m5 to say aught   
aga9/ pr9ciples :i* our rul]s h foll[$1 
:ile society has be5 br\ght into its    
pres5t condition4  ,:at ! law n[ decrees
 aga9/ :at x calls blasphemy1 x decre$1 
n two c5turies ago1 aga9/ wit*craft4 ,x 

n[ d5\nces ! =m] z displeas+ to ,god2 x 
!n d5\nc$ ! latt] = ! same (f5ce4 ,m5 & 
wom5 7 9 ^? less humane days burn$ =    
displeas+ ,god1 :ile n[ !y are only f9$ 
& inc>c]at$4 ,by ! progress ( k1 lawy]s1
 bo? b>ri/]s & judges1 h be5 compell$ to
 give up t portion ( ! p]fection ( human
 reason1 & ! law aga9/ wit*craft has    
become obsolete4 ,if our view ( ! law = 
suppress+ objections to ! ,scriptures1  
"u 99 ! "n ( blasphemy1 be correct1 x is
 n m reasonable ?an ! law aga9/         
wit*craft4 ,:ile no lawy]1 h[ev]1 w n[  
l5d himself to revive ! latt] or c>ry x 
into execution1 !re are numb]s1 we say x
 to ! disgrace ( ! pr(ession1 zeal\s &  
eag] to apply ! =m]1 at lea/ to ! p5ny  
tracts :i* are address$ to ! poor4  ,x  
is !re=e ) deep regret t we saw s em95t 
a man z ! ,attorney-,g5]al l5d+ himself 
to ?is sorry "w4 ,we are ready to admit1
 z a ,tory contempor>y has /at$1 t he   
has done 8 duty1 & he f9ds 8 rew>d 9 !  
praise ( ! ,tories4 ,nor did he %[1 z f>
 z we c le>n1 c]ta9ly n 9 8 reply1 any  

reluctance to p]=m x2 p say he did x z  
if he _h some?+ to atone =1 & 0 r eag]  
to ga9 ! approbation ( ,bi%op           
,philpotts4 ,8 lab\rs 7 cr[n$ ) a       
success :i* 8 own p>ty reprobate4 ,9    
,we/m9/] ,hall he has triumph$1 b an    
appeal lies f t to ! _w2 & ev5 ! ,:igs1 
:o h h]et(ore d5\nc$ prosecutions =     
blasphemy z = wit*craft1 consid] t 9 !  
la/ resort he w su/a9 a t]rible defeat4 
,mr4 ,he!r+ton has already suff]$ 9 body
 & m9d1 9 purse & heal?2 & probably     
awaits ) appreh5sion ! s5t5ce1 :i* may  
consign him to prison & ru94 ,he is     
d[n-/rick5 by ! law2 b ^? :o h read 8   
def5ce1 & pref] reason to legal         
fictions1 w place him f> above !        
triumphant ,attorney-,g5]al4 ,he made an
 admirable plead+ = free inquiry1 :i*   
pla9 ,john ,campbell in/itut$ a         
prosecution to suppress4 ,9 8 reply ,sir
 ,john s f> ov]/epp$ ! b\nds (          
propriety1 t ! ,def5dant w\ld n all[ him
 to proce$1 & 0 support$ by ! ,c\rt4 ,9 
a bad cause ! ,attorney-,g5]al us$      

poison$ weapons4 ,he upheld a           
prosecution = blasphemy1 :i* is z       
ridicul\s z a prosecution = wit*craft1 &
 desc5d$ to misrepres5t ! accus$4 ,) our
 op9ion ( ! law he 0 en=c+1 we are b\nd 
to say t ,sir ,john ,campbell %\ld h    
left su* a duty to be p]=m$ by "s tak] (
 a half-gu9ea fee1 :o nev] got beyond ! 
prec9cts ( ! ,old ,bailey4 ,x 0 :olly   
unwor?y ( an em95t lawy]1 :o has ris5   
into political p[] z a pr(ess$ fri5d (  
free discussion4 ,! slaves to lu/ h "s  
pleasure = _! puni%m5t1 b ! s]vants ( ! 
grimgribb] ( ,we/m9/] ,hall1 :o         
sacrifice pres5t fame to a s5se ( duty  
to x1 reap little m ?an disgrace = _!   
nause\s drudg]y4  ,sir ,john ,campbell  
prosecut$ ,mr4 ,he!r+ton1 9 ! language (
 ! indictm5t1 = be+ 'a wick$1 impi\s1 & 
ill-dispos$ p]son1 hav+ no reg>d to !   
laws ( ?is realm1 b mo/ wick$ly1        
blasphem\sly1 impi\sly1 & pr(anely      
devis+ & int5d+ to asp]se & vilify t "p 
( ! ,holy ,bible :i* is call$ ! ,old    
,te/am5t4' ,n[1 hav+ no respect :atev] =

 ! fictions ( ! law1 we h no hesitation 
9 br&+ su* accusations ( a publi%] z a  
mon/r\s tissue ( falsehoods1 & to affirm
 t x is a disgrace to any man :o has !  
lea/ respect = tru?1 to def5d su* a     
*>ge4 ,we c>e n ab\t its be+ ! cu/om>y  
language ( ! law1 = tru? & m5's lib]ties
 are n to be sacrific$ by & = su*       
absurdities4  ,fur!r1 ?is said asp]s+ & 
vilify+ ! ,bible is said by ,sir ,j4    
,campbell1 at lea/ su* is ! language ( !
 indictm5t1 :i* he us$ argum5ts to      
su/a91 to be greatly 'to ! displeasure (
 ,almighty ,god4' ,:o kn[s t8 ,:at worm 
d>es to say t ! ,almighty ,god is       
displeas$ ) ano!r worm = utt]+ or writ+ 
a few words4' ,:o is ! va9 & arrogant   
man t claims = himself ! task (         
int]pret+ ! ?\ghts ( ! ,mo/ ,high1 &    
dem&+ t a man be puni%$ = hav+ displeas$
 ,almighty ,god8 ,:at "n does ! ,c\rt   
des]ve :i*1 be+ in/itut$ to d ju/ice &  
protect ! p1 puni%es "o ( !m because he 
displeases ! ,almighty8 ,c ,he n puni%  
^? :o displease ,him8 ,to d\bt x1 to    

und]take to protect or av5ge ,him1 to   
describe ,him z displeas$1 :ile he %[]s 
prosp]ity & cont5tm5t on ! man said to  
displease ,him1 is f> m impi\s1 m       
blasphem\s1 m dang]\s to religion ?an   
any?+ ,mr4 ,he!r+ton ev] publi%$1 or    
,mr4 ,haslam wrote4 ,su*1 h[ev]1 0 !    
crime *>g$ aga9/ ,mr4 ,he!r+ton1 :i*    
,sir ,john ,campbell endeav\r$ to       
sub/antiate1 & ( :i* a ,jury1 :o are z  
mu* des]v+ ( reproa* z ! prosecutor1    
f\nd him guilty4 ,su* is ! crime = :i* !
 ,c\rt w h]eaft] pass s5t5ce1 und]tak+1 
l ! ,inquisition1 to decide = !         
,almighty1 & puni% actions z displeas+  
to ,him1 at :i* ,he1 by ! c\rse (       
nature1 %[s no displeasure4  ,at !      
pres5t "t1 :5 a great portion ( ! ,:ig  
press w support ! ,attorney-,g5]al or be
 sil5t1 leav+ ,! ,sun to def5d ! great  
pr9ciple ( free inquiry & free pr9t+1 z 
!y left x to def5d ! same sacr$ & noble 
cause :5 x 0 assail$ 9 ! p]son ( ,mr4   
,h>m]1 we ?9k x our duty n to be sil5t4 
,z we %\ld assail any ,tory             

,attorney-,g5]al :o _h in/itut$ su* a   
prosecution1 or c>ri$ x on1 s we _c all[
 x to pass un/igmatiz$ because x has be5
 in/itut$ by a ,:ig ,attorney-,g5]al4   
,we "k t ! wise/ & be/ politicians ( !  
p>ty deprecate su* proce$+s1 & n ! less 
because !y w call =? 9 _m indep5d5t     
j\rnals1 to ! injury ( ! ,:igs1 an      
expression ( hone/ indignation4     ,,to
 ,,"l ,,d5man1 ,,on ,,! ,,late          
,,prosecution ,,= ,,blasphemy   ,mr ,"l 
,*ief ,ju/ice4  ,y\r conduct on ! ,b5*1 
^u ! rec5t trial1 ',! ,que5 v4          
,he!r+ton1' = a religi\s libel1 a nom9al
 & an impossible (f5ce1 ! fiction (     
fraudul5t bigotry1 has mu* increas$ !   
high e/eem 9 :i* y h be5 always held by 
! public4 ,y\r ,lord%ip's op9ions on ?is
 impolitic1 irreligi\s1 & ?or\ghly      
infam\s species ( prosecution h (t-times
 be5 express$ ) ! integrity & high moral
 c\rage t h ev] di/+ui%$ y\r public     
life4 ,i nev] %all =get ! manl9ess ) :i*
 ,i he>d y av[ f ! ,:ig ,treasury       
,b5*es1 9 ! ,h\se ( ,commons1 9 y\r     

place z ,attorney ,g5]al1 y\r dete/ation
 ( indictm5ts = religi\s op9ions2 & !   
,h\se hail$ y :5 y fairly ackn[l$g$ y\r 
deep regret t1 z ,common ,s]jeant1 y _h 
be5 oblig$1 9 ob$i5ce to y\r oa? & to ! 
law1 to impose ev5 ! smalle/ puni%m5t   
possible ^u ?ree m5 convict$ by an      
ignorant ,jury ( a libel on !           
,scriptures2 & y 7 /ill m *e]fully      
receiv$ :5 y express$ y\r joy at !      
lib]ation ( ! prison]s :om y _h s       
unwill+ly puni%$4 ,!re 0 "o "p ( y\r    
spee* t did n c]ta9ly satisfy me4 ,i    
respect y\r s5se ( obligation to an oa?2
 b :5 y puni%$ m5 :om y consci5ti\sly   
believ$ to be undes]v+ ( infliction1 &  
?is '9 ob$i5ce to ! law1' y\r ,lord%ip  
might h reflect$1 t x 0 n ,p>liam5t>y1 b
 ,judge-made law--',common-law1' z x is 
call$2 & y might h act$ ^u ! pr9ciple t 
if a corrupt & ignorant ,judge made a   
law to suit ! prejudices ( a brutal age1
 a pure & well-in=m$ ,judge might rev]se
 t law 9 fav\r ( an age m humane & m    
enlight5$4 ,i recollect ) great         

satisfaction t :51 9 ! case ( ,"l       
,lang=d1 ! ,c\nsel1 ,mr4 ,!sig]1 ask$ a 
witness 7,mr4 ,na?an1 a ,jew7 ':at      
religion he 0 (8' y\r ,lord%ip express$ 
y\r /rong displeasure2 &1 "u y\r        
,lord%ip's sanction1 ! witness refus$ to
 answ] ! int]rogatory1 & treat$ bo? !   
qu]y & ! qu]i/ ) ! utmo/ contempt2 & !  
:ole ,c\rt & audi5ce seem$ /rongly to   
approve ( ! result4 ,9 ! rec5t trial y\r
 ,lord%ip's conduct 0 a contra/ to t (  
y\r imm$iate pr$ecessors on ! ,b5*1     
,lords ,t5t]d5 & ,ell5bor\gh1 ! la/     
repres5tatives ( a mo/ disgraceful s*ool
 ( political1 prejudic$1 corrupt ,c\rt  
,judges4 ,y did all 9 y\r p[] to induce 
! ,jury to acquit ! accus$4 ,i am n[    
cr$ibly in=m$ t ! ,attorney-,g5]al _h ! 
same object at he>t2 & hav+1            
int5tionally1 gone 9 a mo/ slov5ly &    
unimpressive mann]1 ?r\gh 8 te*nical    
duty1 he 0 aba%$ & mortifi$ :5 he he>d !
 v]dict ( guilty4 ,famili> z he mu/ be )
 ! extreme ignorance1 /upidity1 &       
corruption ( ,juries1 on su* occasions1 

he 0 /ill surpris$ at su* a v]dict4 ,i  
am will+ to give him cr$it = ^! common  
reports 9 8 fav\r2 b %\ld ! ,gov]nm5t be
 s infatuat$ z to br+ ! def5dant up =   
judgm5t1 ! c\ntry expects ( y1 my ,"l   
,d5man1 t ! s5t5ce w be nom9al1 & t x w 
be accompani$ by y\r reprobation ( all  
su* trials4  ,if x be true t hope is !  
la/ passion t leaves a man1 equally true
 is x t ! _s1 ! accurs$ _s ( religi\s   
p]secution1 is ! la/ passion t man      
des]ts1 or is will+ to ab&on4 ,i s9c]ely
 believe t if ! alt]native 7 put to a   
hundr$ dy+ m51 at _! la/1 mom5t (       
consci\sness1 at _! la/ gasp ( brea?1   
:e!r !y pref]r$ _! own future salvation 
or beatitude1 or ! p]secution ( man ^u  
e>? = consci5ti\s diff]5ces ( op9ion on 
religi\s subjects1 full n9ety-n9e out ( 
! hundr$ w\ld *oose ! latt]1 on ! gr\nd 
( its be+ ! turnpike-road to ! =m]1 & f 
! inh]5t delight 9 ! _s ( religi\s      
intol]ance4 ,fanaticism is ! primeval   
curse ( our nature4 ,f its fir/ victim  
,abel1 to ! pres5t h\r1 x has rag$ ?r\gh

 ! human race4 ,moral s9s & physical or 
corporeal diseases 9 ! c\rse ( ages we> 
!mselves out1 or c be cur$ by in/ruction
 or m$ical treatm5t2 b ! mo/ f\l1       
lepr\s1 & crime-eng5d]+ ( all maladies t
 fle% is heir to1 fanaticism--call x if 
y please1 bigotry or sup]/ition--admits 
( no cure1 & ( little mitigation4 ,if   
?is hellh\nd 7 n[ let loose f ! re/ra9ts
 ( law1 we %\ld 9 "o ye> h e gaol &     
dungeon full ( prison]s1 & 9 ano!r1 !   
fires & faggots ( ! old5 times w\ld be  
rag+ m fi]cely ?an ( yore1 & m furi\sly 
9 ?is c\ntry ?an 9 any o!r4 ,:atev]     
,ca?olics might h be5 9 ! middle ages1  
!re has be5 m ( religi\s p]secution 9   
,great ,brita9 & ,irel&1 9 ! la/ c5tury1
 ?an 9 all ! ,ca?olic c\ntries ( ,europe
 )9 ! same p]iod4 ,on ! ,cont95t ! _s is
 on ! wane2 9 ,engl& x is on ! increase4
  ,my ,"l ,d5man1 9 ! v ab/raction ( our
 individual nature1 & ( ! nature (      
society1 a c\rt ( ju/ice _c take        
cognizance ( op9ions4 ,its functions are
 conf9$ exclusively to facts4 ,c any two

 classes ( ?+s be m di/9ct & opposite8  
,! "o is fix$1 ! o!r p]petually v>y+4   
,law1 cultivat$ reason & common s5se h  
rescu$ subjects ( op9ion f judicial     
int]f]5ce1 except ) respect to politics 
& religion1 ! two :i* ( all o!rs mo/ ne$
 ! exemption4 ,! int]f]5ce ( c\rts (    
ju/ice ) religi\s op9ions _h imm5sely   
decreas$1 & x is n[ reviv+2 b x is 9 y\r
 ,lord%ip's p[] to annihilate x by      
pass+s nom9al s5t5ce on ! def5dant4 ,!  
effects or results ( a fact are         
asc]ta9able2 ^? ( an op9ion are b       
speculative & unc]ta94 ,!re is n 9      
exi/5ce1 !re nev] has exi/$1 & probably 
nev] c exi/1 a religi\s op9ion t has n  
be5 deem$ blasphem\s1 & ( a de/ructive  
t5d5cy to morals & social peace1 by its 
oppon5ts1 :o1 if !y _h be5 /rong en\gh1 
h reli$ ^u ! argum5ts ( torture & dea?1 
or puni%m5ts z sev]e z society w\ld     
p]mit4  ,my ,"l1 legism1 or             
jurisprud5ce1 are suffici5tly und]/ood  
to r5d] x indisputable t puni%m5ts _c be
 v9dicatory or retrospective1 & less ?an

 ei!r1 v9dictive4 ,all religi\s         
prosecutions seek only = rev5ge4 ,!     
object ( a legal puni%m5t relates solely
 to ! prev5tion ( ! (f5ce4 ,if a s5t5ce 
aga9/ ,mr4 ,he!r+ton _c effect ?is      
object1 x _c be ju/ifi$4 ,w a s5t5ce    
alt] 8 op9ions8 w x alt] consci5ti\sly t
 ( any class or s+le memb] ( society8 &1
 above all1 w x /op or *eck !           
dissem9ation ( 8 doctr9es8 ,! two fir/  
po9ts are nugatory2 ! la/ is defeat$ 9  
its pret5d$ object4 ,all hi/ory &       
exp]i5ce prove t p]secution1 let its =m 
or degree be :at x may1 increases t :i* 
x is meant to de/roy4 ,:e!r ! tyrant be 
call$ ,pope or ,inquisition1            
,attorney-,g5]al or ,c\rt ( ,que5's     
,b5*1 ! pr9ciple & ! result are ! same4 
,e religion1 *ur*1 & sect1 t exi/s or is
 defunct1 9 ,europe & 9 ,asia1 f !      
e>lie/ record1 has _h at its orig91 &   
?r\gh its infancy1 to enc\nt] obloquy & 
p]secution4 ,! ,jewi% religion receiv$  
animation & vig\r f ! contempt &        
cruelties ( surr\nd+ poly!i/s1 & ! ,jews

 s\ght 9 "o ,god a protection f !       
horrors :i* _h be5 inflict$ on !m by !  
wor%ipp]s ( _m2 & well did ?is atroci\s 
p rev5ue !mselves #jaa _! =m]           
p]secutors1 & ?is by assum+ _! own claim
 to ! "r ( puni%+ m5 = diff]+ 9 op9ions4
 ,! progress ( ,*ri/ianity 0 accel]at$  
by ! ,jews1 9 _! attempts to cru% x by  
inflict+ an ignom9i\s & mo/ cruel dea?  
on an innoc5t individual1 "u t absurd   
fiction ( blasphemy1 9 ! f\l "n ( :i*   
y\r ,lord%ip is n[ call$ ^u to puni%1   
aga9/ y\r w1 ano!r innoc5t individual4  
,if blasphemy has any mean+1 its        
def9ition mu/ be--'a resi/ance to a     
pr$om9ant prie/craft4' ,e religion1 at  
its comm5cem5t1 is b a conflu5t mass (  
blasphemies to ! previ\sly-e/abli%$     
religions2 & p]secution is ! rev]se (   
annihilation1 ,:]e w\ld ,prote/antism h 
be5 b = its p]secution by ! ,ca?olics1 &
 vice v]sa8 ,f ! dawn ( ,prote/antism 9 
,engl&1 "u ,wycliffe1 & ! burn+ ( ! fir/
 ,prote/ants by ! prie/s1 9 ! reign ( ! 
,h]o ( ,ag9c\rt 7:at a h]o67 d[n to !   

dea? ( ,m>y1 ,engli% ,prote/ants 7      
tortur$1 burnt1 hang$1 & puni%$1 & yet !
 religion spread4 ,?r\gh\t ,g]many !    
same effects proce$$ f ! same cause4    
,our ,engli% p]secutions ( ! ,ca?olics 9
 ,irel& h be5 long1 incessant1 & too    
dreadfully cruel to reflect ^u1 & yet   
,ca?olicism has increas$ "u !m4 ,we h n 
"o respectable sect 9 ,engl& t has n    
aris5 9 despite ( p]secution1 & increas$
 by means ( x1 & ^!1 ) hundr$s or ?\s&s 
( o!r in/ances 7= hi/ory ab\nds ) !m71  
prove t p]secution or puni%m5t does n1 &
 _c1 effect ! object 9 view2 & t1       
consequ5tly1 puni%m5t _c be ju/ifi$ by  
its only legitimate pr9ciple (          
ju/ification--utility4 ,x is madness to 
puni% = an (f5ce :i* mu/ be increas$ by 
! v nature ( ! puni%m5t4 ,=m]ly1 9      
puni%m5ts = blasphemy1 m51 wom51 &      
*ildr5 7 burnt & put to e v>iety (      
torture1 = ! good ( _! s\ls--n[1 we     
sub/itute = ! ^w s\l1 ! phrase--'!      
security ( society1' or o!r j>gon       
equally nons5sical4 ,! ,c\rt (          

,inquisition 01 & is1 :]ev] x exi/s1 m  
hon\rable ?an ! ,prote/ant ,c\rt (      
,que5's ,b5*1 = ! ,inquisitors tortur$ &
 de/roy$ = ! sake ( ! s\l1 b our ,c\rts 
puni% only = ! pr(it ( ! prie/4 ,! old  
plea1 ! impud5t & b>b>\s plea1 (        
',b5efit ( ,cl]gy1' is annull$ by law1 &
 yet an indictm5t = blasphemy is no?+ m 
or less ?an a process = ! ',b5efit (    
,cl]gy4' ,?us1 my ,"l1 h ,i humbly      
attempt$ to prove t y\r puni%m5t ( ?is  
individual w be 9 /rong & viol5t        
opposition to ! pr9ciples1 op9ion1 &    
feel+s :i* y h av[$ on ! ,m9i/]ial      
,b5*es ( ! ,h\se ( ,commons2 & if ! ,:ig
 ,adm9i/ration is s infatuat$ly base z  
to call ! def5dant up = puni%m5t y\r    
,lord%ip w be 9 ! un5viable position (  
pass+ a s5t5ce1 z ,"l ,*ief ,ju/ice (   
,engl&1 aga9/ ! nature1 pr9ciples1 &    
objects ( :i* y h express$ little less  
?an abhorr5ce 9 ! "* ( ,h] ,maje/y's    
,attorney-,g5]al 9 ! ,h\se ( ,commons4  
,at t p]iod1 my ,"l1 y 7 ! freely & mo/ 
hon\rably *os5 repres5tative ( "o ( !   

l>ge/ & mo/ enlight5$ con/itu5cies (    
,great ,brita9--! t[n ( ,nott+ham--& y\r
 con/itu5ts express$ no dissatisfaction 
at y\r spee*4 ,is !re n a sympa?y betwe5
 ,nott+ham & o!r l>ge1 & popul\s1 aud   
enlight5$ t[ns & cities1 & betwe5 !m all
 & ! g5]al population ( ! empire8 ,i h  
likewise1 my ,"l1 %[n1 to ! be/ ( my v  
humble abilities1 z a legi/1 t any      
puni%m5t inflict$ on ?is individual1    
violates ! only pr9ciple on :i* all     
puni%m5ts c be ju/ifi$--! prev5tion ( ! 
(f5ce--if x be "o4  ,:at1 9 o!r         
respects1 w be ! effects ( ?is brutal   
prosecution8 ,burn ,mr4 ,he!r+ton       
alive1--sl[ly roa/ him1 torture him by e
 device1 hang him1 qu>t] him1 & /ick 8  
head on ,temple-b>1 & 8 qu>t]s on !     
gates ( f\r ( our pr9cipal ca!dral t[ns1
 z 9 all su* cases us$ to be ! practice 
( our mo/ pi\s ,*ri/ian ance/ors 9 '!   
good old times'--or let y\r ,lord%ip    
pass ! mo/ l5i5t s5t5ce on him1 & :at w 
be ! result8 ,w any ?+ be prov$1        
disprov$1 /r5g!n$1 or invalidat$1 by    

ei!r mode ( puni%m5t8 ,if div9es or     
laym5 argue ^u ! ,scriptures 9 toto or 9
 p>ts1 en masse or 9 detail1 c\ld any ( 
! disputants e/abli% 8 po9t by argu+ t  
,mr4 ,he!r+ton or ,mr4 ,snookes1 = !    
names are indiff]5t1 0 or 0 n 9 gaol1 or
 t ! s5t5ce 0 six days' or six mon?s'   
inc>c]ation--h[ w\ld ! case /&          
syllogi/ically8 ,a ass]ts t ! ,bible    
ought to be burnt--,a is n              
prosecut$--ergo1 ! ,bible ought to be   
burnt4 ,b ass]ts t ! ,bible ought to be 
burnt--,b is prosecut$--,b is acquitt$  
by ! ,jury--ergo1 ! ,bible ought to be  
burnt4 ,c ass]ts t ! ,bible ought to be 
burnt--,c is prosecut$--,c is f\nd      
guilty--ergo1 ! ,bible ought n to be    
burnt4 ,aga91 ,d1 ,e1 ,f1 & ,g1 are     
prosecut$ = say+ t ! ,bible ought to be 
burnt4 ,!y are all f\nd guilty "u       
diff]5t ,judges1 & _! s5t5ces v>y f     
?ree1 six1 twelve1 & eighte5 mon?s'     
imprisonm5t4 ,"h ! public m9d is 9 utt] 
confusion betwe5 ! cases ( ,a1 ,b1 & ,c1
 & betwe5 ! ratios ( puni%m5t inflict$  

on ,d1 ,e1 ,f1 & ,g1 ,i h gone to !     
ext5t ( ! musical gamut4 ,ratios might  
be calculat$ by ari?meticians aud       
algebrai/s4 ,?us--',z burn+ ! ,bible is 
to ! acquittal ( ,b1--s is n burn+ !    
,bible to ! s5t5ce on ,d1 ,e1 ,f1 or ,g4
 ,really1 my ,"l1 z a man ( ! mo/       
cultivat$ intellect1 y mu/ see ! mon/r\s
 absurdity1 ! atroci\s cruelty1 (       
subject+ op9ions on ,scriptures to      
',trial by ,jury4' ,if op9ions on a book
 are to be br\ght be=e a ,jury1 s might 
its au?or4 ,i speak 9 no disrespect (   
,scriptures1 b ,i speak 9 utt] disgu/ & 
abhorr5ce ( br++ !m be=e ,juries4 ,:at1 
9 fact1 does a v]dict ( ',guilty' or ',n
 ,guilty' am\nt to1 9 case ( an op9ion  
on ! ,scriptures8 ,! ignorant ,jury m5  
unwitt+ly set !mselves above !          
,scriptures1 & tyrannise ov] ! ,deity   
himself4 ,! impiety lies all 9 ! ,jury1 
& n 9 ! accus$4 ,! trial my ,"l1 proce$s
 entirely on ! conc$$ po9t t !          
,scriptures are ! ^w ( ,god2 a ^w is an 
empty1 un9telligible1 wor?less s\nd1    

except by ! int]pretation put ^u x2 & if
 ! ,jury w be ! int]pret]s1 !y are !    
au?ors ( ! ^w1 & usurp ! p[]s ( !       
,deity4 ,god may say '?is is my ^w &    
comm&m5t1' & a ,jury replies1 '!        
sub/ance utility1 intelligibility ( a ^w
 dep5d entirely ^u ! mean+ atta*$ to x1 
& we ,jurym5 w put & make all o!r m5 put
 :at con/ruction we please1 ^u x1 "u    
pa9s & p5alties1 s t ! ^w is n y\rs1 b  
ours4' ,a ,def5dant may argue1 'my      
con/ruction is a matt] betwe5 my        
consci5ce & my ,god4' ,! v]dict replies1
 ',god has no?+ to d ) x2 y\r           
con/ruction is entirely a case betwe5   
y\r consci5ce & u ,jurym51 /ock-brok]s1 
bill-brok]s1 pawnbrok]s1                
gambl+-h\se-keep]s1 &1 p]adv5ture1      
keep]s ( h\ses ( a /ill worse           
description4' ,my ,"l ,d5man1 ! manly "*
 ( y\r m9d w make y fe>lessly grapple ) 
?is important subject1 & w induce y\r   
,lord%ip to feel t ,i h z fe>lessly & z 
hone/ly /at$ ! m]its ( ! case4 ,pause1  
my ,"l1 be=e y ru91 & almo/ torture a   

man1 = ^: def5ce y h express$ respect f 
! ,judgm5t-seat1 & ?is by a s5t5ce = !  
nature & pr9ciples ( :i* y h publicly & 
(ficially decl>$ an abhorr5ce4  ,our    
laws1 ,"l ,d5man1 lay d[n a pr9ciple t e
 man is presum$ to be acqua9t$ ) !      
bus9ess1 pr(ession1 or /udy to :i* he   
belongs1 or to :i* he has devot$        
himself4 ,! conv]se--a mo/ rational     
conv]se1 is t he is unacqua9t$ ) :at he 
does n belong to1 or has n /udi$2 or1 9 
pla9 t]ms1 t he is unacqua9t$ ) t ( :i* 
he kn[s no?+4 ,sir ,isaac ,newton w\ld h
 be5 a mo/ ignorant ,juryman ^u a case  
re/+ ^u ! details ( bus9ess 9 ! butt]   
trade ( ,cork2 & a ,mr4 ,jones1 9 t     
trade1 w\ld be an equally ignorant      
,juryman on a case involv+ ! complex    
obs]vations & ab/ract calculations (    
,sir ,isaac's ,obs]vatory4 ,%akspe>e1 z 
a ,juryman1 w\ld h be5 puzzl$ to det]m9e
 a disput$ po9t ( comm]ce2 & a tradesman
 w\ld be z equally p]plex$ 9 decid+ a   
po9t ^u ! ma*9]y ( ,arkwright1 or !     
/eam-eng9e ( ,watts4 ,9 ! pres5t case1 a

 man nam$ ,haslam1 7b ! "n is immat]ial1
 = ,i apply myself to ab/ractions & n to
 individuals17 has devot$ himself to !  
/udy ( a subject4 ,he is evid5tly a man 
( /rong m9d1 ( great k1 & ( ! mo/ hone/ 
int5tions4 ,on _m po9ts ,i diff] ) him1 
b individual or public diff]5ce is n !  
case at issue4 ,8 v able "w is submitt$1
 n to ! public m9d1 b to ',trial by     
,jury2' & its m]its or dem]its are      
det]m9$ ^u by m]*ants1 brok]s1 tradesm54
  ,our laws1 ,"l ,d5man1 lay d[n a      
pr9ciple t e man is presum$ to be       
acqua9t$ ) ! bus9ess1 pr(ession1 or /udy
 to :i* he belongs1 or to :i* he has    
devot$ himself4 ,! conv]se-a mo/        
rational conv]se1 is t he is unacqua9t$ 
) :at he does n belong to1 or has n     
/udi$2 or1 9 pla9 t]ms1 t he is         
unacqua9t$ ) t ( :i* he kn[s no?+4 ,sir 
,isaac ,newton w\ld h be5 a mo/ ignorant
 ,juryman ^u a ease re/+ ^u ! details ( 
bus9ess 9 ! butt] trade ( ,cork2 & a    
,mr4 ,jones1 9 t trade1 w\ld be an      
equally ignorant ,juryman on a case     

involv+ ! complex obs]vations & ab/ract 
calculations ( ,sir ,isaac's            
,obs]vatory4 ,%akspe>e1 z a ,juryman1   
w\ld h be5 puzzl$ to det]m9e a disput$  
po9t ( comm]ce2 & a tradesman w\ld be z 
equally p]plex$ 9 decid+ a po9t ^u !    
ma*9]y ( ,arkwright1 or ! /eam-eng9e (  
,watts4 ,9 ! pres5t case1 a man nam$    
,haslam1 7b ! "n is immat]ial1 = ,i     
apply myself to ab/ractions & n to      
individuals17 has devot$ himself to !   
/udy ( a subject4 ,he is evid5tly a man 
( /rong m9d1 ( great k1 & ( ! mo/ hone/ 
int5tions4 ,on _m po9ts ,i diff] ) him1 
b individual or public diff]5ce is n !  
case at issue4 ,8 v able "w is submitt$1
 n to ! public m9d1 b to ',trial by     
,jury2' & its m]its or dem]its are      
det]m9$ ^u by m]*ants1 brok]s1 tradesm5 
& jobb+ peculat+ ,jurym5 call$ ',tales4'
 z totally ignorant ( ,mr6 ,haslam's    
/udies & works1 z he mo/ probably is (  
_! diff]5t l9es ( traffic4 ,is ?is a te/
 ( ! m]its ( ! case8 ,is ?is any b>omet]
 ( ! tru? ( ! ,gospel1 ( public feel+1  

or ( ! intellig5ce ( our population8    
,my ,"l ,d5man1 ! ,attorney-,g5]al1     
tri$1 9 ! usual slang ( 8 pr(ession1 or 
r ( 8 (fice1 to atta* moral imp]fection 
& social dang]s to speculative po9ts (  
!ology-to po9ts ( cre$4 ,we h n[ on our 
,b5*1 includ+ ,irel& & ,scotl&1 ,ca?olic
 ,judges1 ,judges belong+ to ! ,*ur* (  
,engl&1 to ! cre$s ( ! ,bapti/s1        
,anabapti/s1 ,unit>ians1 & to ! no-cre$s
 ( ! ,dei/s1 & yet :at b>ri/]1 attorney1
 or cli5t1 ev] compla9$ ( a ,judge on   
acc\nt ( 8 cre$ or 8 con/ruction ( !    
,scriptures8 ,9 ,irel& we h ,ca?olic    
,judges1 9 ,scotl& ,presbyt]ian1 & 9    
,engl& ,judges ( ! ,clut*1 & ( e diss5t+
 sect1 & yet1 :5 9 ',t]m "t1' a new     
,trial is mov$ =1 on acc\nt ( a         
misdirection ( a ,judge1 :o ev] he>d ( !
 misdirection ly+ atta*$ to ! ,judge's  
cre$8 ,! ,solicitor-,g5]al ( ,irel& is a
 ,ca?olic1 ! ,attorney-,g5]al ( ,engl&  
is a ,presbyt]ian 7if he has any        
religion at all71 & ! ,solicitor-,g5]al 
( ,engl& is ( ! ,*ur* 7! refuge ( all   

sceptics71 & :at does ?is am\nt to )    
respect to ! dis*>ge ( _! duties8 ,"l   
,*ancellors ,%aftesbury & ,?url[1 & v _m
 o!rs1 7 av[$ ,dei/s1 & yet 9 mov+ !    
,h\se ( ,lords to set1 _! judgm5t aside1
 _! cre$s or op9ions 7 nev] put ^u !    
briefs4  ,let me suppose1 my ,"l1 t our 
mo/ pi\s ,mon>*1 ,george ! ,?ird1 _h    
indict$ ,david ,hume1 ! mo/ p]fect1 (   
un(ficial *>act]s2 or ,adam ,smi?1 a    
great b5efactor ( 8 species2 or ,edw>d  
,gibbon1 ! mo/ illu/ri\s ( hi/orians1 = 
_! ,a!ism or ,deism2 & let me /ate !    
fact1 t ! pi\s ,mon>* be/[$ ^u !m all v 
good1 &1 9 "o in/ance1 v confid5tial    
employm5ts1 :at diff]5ce does ?is make8 
9 ei!r case ! m51 _! public functions1 &
 _! doctr9es1 w\ld h be5 equally at     
issue ) public op9ion at ! pres5t day4  
,! m]*ant1 9 read+ ,adam ,smi?2 !       
philosoph]1 9 /udy+ ! sup]ior works (   
,hume2 & ! s*ol>1 9 trac+ ,gibbon's     
magnific5t outl9e & correct details (   
,roman hi/ory1 nev] condesc5d to inquire
 :e!r ! au?ors 7 patronis$ by a pi\s or 

an impi\s mon>*1 or :e!r !y 7 indict$ by
 a ,presbyt]ian1 ,episcopalian1 or      
,a!i/ical ,attorney-,g5]al--! slave ( an
 ord] f ! ,secret>y ( ,/ate's (fice4    
,?is species ( scrut9y expir$ ye>s ago1 
& :y %\ld x be reviv$8  ,my ,"l ,*ief   
,ju/ice ,d5man1 ! eyes ( ! c\ntry1 & (  
=eign c\ntries1 are ^u y4 ,! issue ( y\r
 s5t5ce is ! same1 except to !          
individual2 =1 lib]ate him1 y respond b 
to ! voice ( all enlight5$ m5 ?r\gh\t   
,europe2 inc>c]ate him1 & by pass+ an   
inhuman s5t5ce ^u an innoc5t man1 y     
en=ce a judgm5t t y h promulgat$ 9      
,p>liam5t to be abhorr5t 9 pr9ciples &  
feel+s1 & ?is w produce a p[]ful        
r$action4  ,,publicola4                 
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