,,!            ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,pa9t+     
,,9                   ,,italy4          
,,vol4 ,,iv4                       ,,!  
,,hi/ory ,,( ,,pa9t+                    
,,9                  ,,italy1       ,,f 
,,! ,,p]iod ,,( ,,! ,,revival ,,(       
,,! ,,f9e ,,arts     ,,to ,,! ,,end ,,( 
,,! ,,eighte5? ,,c5tury3                
,,translat$         ,f ! ,orig9al       
,italian                  ,,( ,,!       
,,abate ,,luigi ,,lanzi4                
,,by ,,?omas ,,roscoe4             ,,9  
,,six ,,volumes4                  ,,vol4
 ,,iv4  ,,conta9+ ,,! ,,s*ools ,,(      
,,lomb>dy1 ,,mantua1        ,,mod5a1    
,,p>ma1 ,,cremona1 ,,& ,,milan4         
,,london3                ,,pr9t$ ,,=    
,w4 ,,simpk9 ,,& ,r4 ,,m>%all1          
,,/ation]s'-,,hall ,,c\rt1 ,,ludgate    
,,/reet4                  #ahbh4        
,j4 ,m',cre]y1 ,tooks ,c\rt1            
,*anc]y ,lane1 ,london4                 
,,cont5ts                    ,,(        
,,! ,,f\r? ,,volume4     ,,hi/ory ,,(   
,,pa9t+ ,,9 ,,upp] ,,italy4             

,,book ,,! ,,second4           ,,s*ools 
,,( ,,lomb>dy4                    ,,*ap4
 ,i4               ,,mantuan ,,s*ool4   
,page    ,,epo* ,i4   ,( ,mantegna & 8  
successors                #e    ,,epo*  
,,ii4  ,giulio ,romano & 8 s*ool        
#ad    ,,epo* ,,iii4 ,decl9e ( ! s*ool1 
& f\ndation (              an academy 9 
ord] to re/ore x             #bf        
,,*ap4 ,,ii4               ,,mod5ese    
,,s*ool4    ,,epo* ,i4   ,! old ma/]s   
#cb    ,,epo* ,,ii4  ,imitation (       
,raffaello & ,coreggio 9              ! 
sixte5? c5tury                          
#db    ,,epo* ,,iii4 ,! ,mod5ese arti/s 
( ! sev5te5?              c5tury *iefly 
foll[ ! example ( !                     
,bolognese                              
#eg                   ,,*ap4 ,,iii4     
,,s*ool ,,( ,,p>ma4    ,,epo* ,i4   ,!  
anci5ts                                 
#gd    ,,epo* ,,ii4  ,coreggio1 & ^? :o 
succe$$ him 9              8 s*ool      
#gi    ,,epo* ,,iii4 ,p>mese s*ool ( !  
,c>acci1 & (              o!r =eign]s   

until ! p]iod ( !              f\ndation
 ( ! academy                    #acd    
,,*ap4 ,,iv4               ,,s*ool ,,(  
,,cremona4    ,,epo* ,i4   ,! anci5ts   
#adh    ,,epo* ,,ii4  ,camillo          
,boccacc9o1 ,il ,soi>o1 ! ,campi    #afc
    ,,epo* ,,iii4 ,decl9e ( ! s*ool ( ! 
,campi4              ,trotti & o!r      
arti/s support x          #ahb    ,,epo*
 ,,iv4  ,=eign mann]s introduc$ into    
,cremona     #aid                       
,,*ap4 ,v4               ,,s*ool ,,(    
,,milan4    ,,epo* ,i4   ,acc\nt ( !    
anci5t ma/]s until !              "t (  
,v9ci                                   
#bjf    ,,epo* ,,ii4  ,v9ci e/abli%es an
 academy ( design at                    
,milan4 ,8 pupils & ! be/ native arti/s 
d[n to ! "t ( ,gaud5zio                 
#bch    ,,epo* ,,iii4 ,! ,procacc9i &   
o!r =eign &              native arti/s  
=m a new academy1 ) new                 
/yles1 9 ! city & /ate ( ,milan         
#bhc    ,,epo* ,,iv4  ,aft] ! "t (      
,daniele ,crespi ! art                  

decl9es4 ,a ?ird academy is f\nd$ =     
its improvem5t                          
#cje                       ,,hi/ory ,,( 
,,pa9t+                           ,,9   
,,upp] ,,italy4                         
,,book ,,ii4    ,,! ,,s*ools ,,(        
,,lomb>dy4   ,aft] a consid]ation ( !   
pr9ciples & progress ( pa9t+ 9 ,lomb>dy1
 ,i came to ! conclusion t its hi/ory   
ought to be treat$ & arrang$ 9 a mann]  
altoge!r diff]5t f ! re/ ( ! s*ools4    
,inde$ ^? ( ,flor5ce1 ( ,rome1 ( ,v5ice1
 & ( ,bologna1 may be almo/ consid]$ 9 !
 light ( s _m dramas1 9 :i* !re occurs  
an int]*ange ( acts & sc5es1 = su* are !
 epo*s ( ea* s*ool2 & !re is also a     
*ange ( actors1 = su* are ! ma/]s ( ea* 
new p]iod2 b ! unity ( place1 :i* is no 
o!r ?an ! capital city1 is inv>iably    
pres]v$2 :ile ! pr9cipal actors1 & z x 7
 protagoni/s ( ! /ory1 always cont9ue 9 
action1 at lea/ 9 ! way ( example4 ,e   
capital1 x is true1 is 9 possession (   
its own /ate1 & 9 t ought to be         
compreh5d$ ! v>i\s o!r cities1 & !      

revolutions 9 ea*2 b ^! are 9 g5]al s   
ne>ly connect$ ) ^? ( ! metropolis z to 
be easily r$ucible to ! same lead+ law1 
ei!r because ! /ate arti/s h acquir$ !  
art 9 ! pr9cipal city1 or because !y h  
taught x !re1 z may easily be ga!r$ f ! 
hi/ory ( ! ,v5etian ,s*ool2 :ile ! few  
:o w&] out ( ! usual r\t9e1 _c be said  
to infr+e greatly ^u ! unity ( ! s*ool &
 ! succession ( its hi/ories4 ,b x      
happ5s diff]5tly 9 ! hi/ory ( ,lomb>dy1 
:i*1 9 ! happi] p]iods ( ! art1 be+     
divid$ into _m m di/ricts ?an x n[ is1  
possess$ 9 ea* /ate a s*ool di/9ct f all
 ! o!rs2 enum]at$ also di/9ct eras2 & :5
 ! /yle ( "o influ5c$ t ( ano!r1 su* a  
circum/ance occurr$ nei!r s univ]sally1 
nor s ne> 9 reg>d to "t1 z to admit ( ! 
same epo* be+ appli$ to _m ( !m4 ,h5ce x
 is1 t ev5 f ! outset ( ?is book1 ,i    
r5\nce ! receiv$ mann] ( speak+ :i* w\ld
 m5tion ! ,lomb>d ,s*ool1 z if 9 itself 
con/itut+ "o s*ool1 9 su* a way z to be 
comp>$ = in/ance ) ! ,v5etian1 :i* 9 e  
place ackn[l$g$ ! sway ( its sov]eign   

ma/]s2 ( ! ,bell9i fir/1 next ( ,titian 
& 8 noble/ contempor>ies1 & !n ( ,palma2
 & moreov] e/abli%$ sev]al *>act]i/ics (
 design1 ( col\r+1 ( composition1 ( !   
use ( ! p5cil1 s z easily to di/+ui% x f
 e o!r s*ool4 ,b 9 t :i* is call$ !     
,lomb>d ! case is o!rwise4 ,= its       
f\nd]s1 su* z ,lion>do1 ,giulio1 !      
,campi1 & ,coreggio1 are too widely     
oppos$ to ea* o!r to admit ( be+ br\ght 
"u "o /&>d ( ta/e1 & ref]r$ to ! same   
epo*4 ,i am aw>e t ,coreggio1 be+ by    
bir? a ,lomb>d1 & ! orig9ator ( a new   
/yle t af=d$ an example to _m arti/s 9 t
 "p ( ,italy1 has conf]r$ ! "n ( ,lomb>d
 ,s*ool ^u ! foll[]s ( 8 maxims2 &      
accord+ to ^! *>act]i/ics ! cont\rs 7 to
 be drawn r\nd & full1 ! c\nt5ance w>m &
 smil+1 ! union ( ! col\rs /rong & cle>1
 ! =e%ort5+s frequ5t1 ) a p>ticul> reg>d
 to ! *i>oscuro4 ,b ! s*ool ?us         
circumscrib$1 :]e %all we f9d a place = 
! ,mantuans1 ! ,milanese1 ! ,cremonese1 
& ! _m o!rs :o1 hav+ be5 born1 & hav+   
fl\ri%$ 9 ,lomb>dy1 & moreov] be+ !     

tutors ( a long ext5d$ l9e1 ju/ly des]ve
 a rank among ! ,lomb>ds4  ,f su*       
consid]ations ,i h judg$ x mo/ advisable
 to treat sev]ally ( ea* s*ool1 enl>g+  
^u !m m or less1 accord+ z ! numb] ( !  
pr(essors & ! in=mation respect+ !m may 
seem to r5d] x requisite4 ,= ! acc\nts (
 "s ( ^! s*ools h be5 already sep>ately 
compil$2 ,zai/ hav+ treat$ ( !          
,cremonese pa9t]s1 & ,tirabos*i ( !     
,mod5ese2 ?us conf]r+ ^u arti/s ! same  
obligations :i* he s ri*ly conf]r$ ^u ! 
lit]ati 9 a /ill great] "w2 a r>e writ]1
 = ^: loss we yet indulge a m\rnful     
recollection4 ,9 ! re/ ( ! s*ools ,i    
%all be suppli$ ) ample mat]ials f      
,vas>i1 f ,lomazzo1 & ! ,guides ( !     
cities1 besides "s au?ors to be cit$ :5 
requisite1 toge!r ) my own obs]vations &
 s\rces ( in=mation borr[$ f diff]5t    
places2 :5ce x is hop$ t ! pictoric     
hi/ory ( ,lomb>dy1 ! lea/ kn[n among/   
all ! s*ools ( ,italy1 may by my means h
 at lea/ "s additional light ?r[n ^u x4 
,,*apt] ,i4    ,,mantuan ,,s*ool4       

,,epo* ,i4       ,( ,mantegna & 8       
,successors4   ,i %all fir/ comm5ce )   
,mantua1 f :i* !re emanat$ two si/]     
s*ools1 ^? ( ,mod5a & ( ,p>ma4 ,7 any "o
 desir\s ( inve/igat+ ! mo/ anci5t      
rema9s t ! art ( col\r+ 9 t /ate c boa/1
 he might record ! celebrat$ an!m book1 
/ill pres]v$ at ,s4 ,b5$etto at ,mantua1
 a gift ( ! ,c\ntess ,matilda to t      
mona/]y1 :i* be+ f\nd$ by h] long       
pres]v$ h] rema9s1 transf]r$ dur+ ! late
 c5tury into ! ,vatican4 ,9 ?is book1   
%ewn me by ! le>n$ & c\rte\s ,abbate    
,m>i1 are exhibit$ sev]al little        
hi/ories ( ! life & dea? ( ! ,virg91    
:i*1 not)/&+ ! b>b>\s p]iod 9 :i* !y 7  
produc$1 display "s ta/e1 insomu* t ,i d
 n rememb] hav+ se5 any "w ( ! same age 
at all equal to x4 ,^u ?is subject x may
 n be useless to obs]ve1 t 9 ages less  
unciviliz$1 & ne>] our own1 ! art (     
m9iature 0 practis$ 9 ,mantua by a great
 numb] ( pr(essors1 among :om is ,gio4  
de ,russi1 :o1 ab\t ! ye> #adee1        
illu/rat$ = ! ,duke ,borso ( ,mod5a1 !  

,bible ( ,e/e1 9 l>ge folio1 "o ( ! r>e/
 specim5s ( t di/+ui%$ collection4 ,b 9 
reg>d to pictures1 ,i h be5 able to     
discov] no arti/ :o fl\ri%$ 9 t place   
previ\s to ,mantegna2 & x is only "s    
anonym\s productions belong+ to !       
f\rte5? & fifte5? c5turies1 t c be      
m5tion$ z rema9+ to ?is day4 ,( ! =m]   
age1 ,i saw 9 ! cloi/] ( ,s4 ,francesco1
 a sepul*re1 erect$ 9 #acjc1 ) a        
,madonna among v>i\s angels1 all rude & 
disproportion$ figures1 ?\gh col\r$ )   
su* /rong & animat$ t9ts z to appe>     
truly surpris+4 ,i d\bt n b t ! revival 
( pa9t+ 9 ,lomb>dy1 ?r\gh ! g5ius ( its 
natives1 might be fairly prov$ f !      
exi/5ce ( ?is monum5t1 z its age is     
ant]ior to t ( ! foll[]s ( ,giotto1     
scatt]$ ?r\gh\t ,italy2 besides ! /yle  
is diff]5t4 ,( ! fifte5?1 ,i h se5 ano!r
 ,madonna ^u an alt> likewise ( ,s4     
,francesco2 & :oev] may h be5 ! au?or1  
he has %ewn t ! art1 ev5 9 ^? days1 _h  
already em]g$ f its infancy1 )\t arriv+ 
at t rank to :i* ! great ,&rea ,mantegna

 conduct$ x1 ( :om we h twice already _h
 occasion to speak %ortly 9 ! c\rse (   
?is "w2 a subject :i* we n[ resume1 &   
%all enl>ge ^u m fully4  ,al?\gh ! hon\r
 ( hav+ giv5 bir? to ,mantegna c no     
long]1 z =m]ly1 be d5i$ to ,padua1 8    
s*ool 01 nev]!less1 e/abli%$ 9 ,mantua1 
:]e1 "u ! auspices ( ,m>*ese ,lodovico  
,gonzaga1 he settl$ ) 8 family1 )\t1    
h[ev]1 ceas+ to ex]t 8 tal5ts else:]e1 &
 m p>ticul>ly 9 ,rome4 ,! *apel :i* he  
pa9t$ at ! desire ( ,innoc5t ,,viii4 9 !
 ,vatican /ill exi/s1 ?\gh injur$ by "t2
 & x is cle> t 9 ! imitation ( ! antique
 con/antly pursu$ by him he greatly     
improv$1 ?r\gh ! numb] ( examples to be 
f\nd ?r\gh\t ! city4 ,he nev] v>i$ 8    
mann]1 :i* ,i describ$ :5 ,i treat$ (   
him z a pupil ( ,squ>cione 9 ,padua2 b  
he /ill cont9u$ to p]fect x4 ,sev]al    
works produc$ dur+ 8 latt] ye>s are yet 
extant at ,mantua2 & f> surpass+ ! re/  
is 8 picture ( ,victory1 pa9t$ ^u       
canvass4 ,ano!r is ! ,virg91 amid/ v>i\s
 sa9ts1 among :om ,s4 ,mi*ele !         

,ar*angel1 & ,s4 ,maurizio1 are se5     
hold+ h] mantle1 :i* is /ret*$ ov]      
,francesco ,gonzaga2 he is 9 a kneel+   
po/ure1 :ile ! ,virg9 ext5ds h] h& ov]  
him 9 sign ( protection3 m 9 ! backgr\nd
 appe> ! two patrons ( ! city1 ,s4 ,&rea
 & ,s4 ,long9o1 & ! infant ,/4 ,john    
be=e ! ?rone1 ) ,s4 ,anna1 z is suppos$ 
at lea/ by ,vas>i & ,ridolfi1 little    
exact 9 _! description ( ?is picture1   
inasmu* z ! ros>y held 9 h] h& di/+ui%es
 h] = ! pr9cess1 consort ( ! ,m>*ese1   
kneel+ at h] husb&'s side4 ,mantua1     
p]haps1 boa/s no o!r specim5 equally    
s\ght aft] & admir$ by /rang]s2 & ?\gh  
produc$ 9 #adie1 x is /ill free1 9 a    
conspicu\s degree1 f ! effects ( ?ree   
ages1 :i* x has already surviv$4 ,x is  
truly wond]ful to behold c>nations s    
delicate1 coats ( arm\r s glitt]+1      
drap]ies s f9ely v>i$1 ) ornam5tal      
fruits /ill s fre% & dewy to ! eye4 ,ea*
 sep>ate head might s]ve z a s*ool1 f   
its f9e "* & vivacity1 & n a few f      
imitation ( ! antique2 :ile ! design1 z 

well 9 its nak$ z 9 its clo!d p>ts1     
expresses a s(tness :i* suffici5tly     
repels ! too g5]al op9ion1 t ! /iff /yle
 & t ( ,mantegna are mu* ! same ?+4 ,!re
 is also an union ( col\rs1 a delicacy (
 h&1 & a peculi> grace1 t to me appe>s  
almo/ ! la/ /age ( ! art t[>ds t        
p]fection :i* x acquir$ f ,lion>do4 ,8  
works ^u canvass rem9d u ( t exquisite  
ta/e to :i* he _h be5 habituat$ by      
,squ>cione1 :o suppli$ him ) pictures ( 
! same k9d f v>i\s places1 & inde$ !    
:ole ( ! above specim5 discov]s him to h
 be5 an arti/ :o sp>$ nei!r 8 col\rs nor
 8 "t1 to produce works t might satisfy 
8 own ideas1 z well z ! eye ( !         
spectator4  ,8 great ma/]piece1         
nev]!less1 accord+ to ! judgm5t (       
,vas>i1 is ! ,triumph ( ,caes>1         
repres5t$ 9 diff]5t pictures1 :i*1      
becom+ ! prey ( ! ,g]mans 9 ! sackage ( 
! city1 7 f9ally s5t into ,engl&4 ,!y   
belong$ to a great hall 9 ! palace ( ,s4
 ,seba/iano1 :i* 0 complet$1 says       
,equicola1 an hi/orian ( 8 native place1

 by ,lor5zo ,co/a1 an excell5t arti/1 :o
 add$ to x all t pomp :i* us$ to att5d  
^u a triumph1 besides ! spectators be=e 
want+4 ,b ^! pictures hav+ p]i%$1 !re   
yet rema9 o!r consid]able relics f !    
works ( ,&rea1 9 a saloon ( ! ca/le1    
entitl$ by ,ridolfi ! ,cam]a degli      
,sposi4 ,we !re behold copi\s           
productions execut$ 9 fresco1 & among !m
 sev]al portraits ( ! ,gonzaga family1  
/ill 9 good pres]vation2 & "s ,g5ii     
drawn ov] a door-way1 s joy\s1 animat$1 
& airy1 t no?+ c be suppos$ to surpass  
!m4 ,among collections ( art we m r>ely 
meet ) specim5s ( him ?an is really     
believ$1 8 g5u9e h& be+ recogniz$1 n    
only by its lightness1 by its rectil9e> 
folds1 or by its yell[i% l&scape1 spread
 ) c]ta9 m9ute & brok5 little /ones2 b  
by ! skill ( its design & ! delicacy (  
its p5cil4 ,x does n appe> t he produc$ 
_m pictures = private exhibition1 engag$
 z he 0 9 works ( great] magnitude1 & ^u
 _m engrav+s4 ,m ?an fifty ( ^! la/ h   
be5 enum]at$1 = ! *ief "p ab\nd+ )      

figures2 lab\rs :i* mu/ h occupi$ a l>ge
 portion ( 8 be/ "t4 ,b !re are "s      
p]sons1 z ,i h obs]v$1 7vol4 i4 p4      
#acf17 :o w\ld consid]ably r$uce ?is    
numb]1 :e!r correctly or n po/]ity w1   
p]haps1 asc]ta94  ,! /yle ( ,&rea       
greatly influ5c$ t ( 8 age1 & imitations
 ( x are to be se5 ev5 beyond 8 s*ool1  
:i* 0 extremely fl\ri%+ 9 ,mantua4 ,we  
enum]ate among 8 mo/ di/+ui%$ disciples 
,francesco1 & "o ( 8 o!r sons4 ,!re is a
 pap] yet extant1 9 :i* !y und]take to  
complete ! *amb] ( ! ca/le j allud$ to1 
( :i* _! fa!r ,&rea _h only pa9t$ !     
walls4 ,to ^! !y add$ ! beautiful vault$
 recess4 ,:oev] exam9es x mu/ confess t 
! sci5ce ( =e%ort5+1 orig9ally attribut$
 to ,melozio1 0 "h improv$ & ne>ly      
br\ght to p]fection by ,mantegna & 8    
sons4 ,9 ! same "w appe> sev]al         
exquisitely drawn infant9e figures1 "u  
diff]5t po9ts ( view1 & admirably       
%ort5$1 s z to lose no?+ 9 comp>ison )  
^? ( ,melozio1 ?\gh 8 pa9t+ ( ,p>adise1 
drawn = ! *ur* ( ,,ss4 ,apo/oli1 0      

aft]w>ds cut d[n & plac$ 9 ! gr&        
,palazzo ,quir9ale4 ,! same sons (      
,mantegna likewise add$ lat]al pictures 
to an alt>-piece ( _! fa!r1 9 a family  
*apel !y _h1 atta*$ to ! *ur* ( ,s4     
,&rea2 & 9 ! same place !y rais$ a      
beautiful monum5t to 8 memory 9 #aeag1  
:i* has be5 falsely suppos$ by "s to be 
! ye> ( 8 dea?1 :]eas x appe>s1 f _m    
au!ntic works1 t he clos$ 8 days 9      
#aeje4  ,aft] ! dea? ( ,mantegna1       
,lor5zo ,co/a held ! fir/ rank1 an arti/
 ( :om we %all treat m at l5g? 9 !      
,bolognese ,s*ool4 ,he adorn$ ! palace )
 v>i\s hi/ories1 & ! *ur*es ) _m ( 8    
pictures1 cont9u+ "u ,francesco to      
reside 9 ! same place1 & aft]w>ds "u    
,f$]igo1 until beyond ! ye> #aebe1 9 :i*
 "t he produc$ also 8 picture = 8 family
 *apel4 ,!re too1 l ,mantegna1 he wi%$  
to h 8 rema9s deposit$4 ,foll[+ 8       
example1 he e/abli%$ 8 family 9 ,mantua1
 :]e "s ( 8 desc5dants w aga9 appe> at a
 m mod]n epo*4 ,b ! "y ,mantegni mu/ be 
ref]r$ to ?is m anci5t p]iod1 & along ) 

!m ought to be m5tion$ ,c>lo del        
,mantegna1 :o hav+ /udi$ "s l5g? ( "t "u
 ,&rea1 & cultivat$ a complete          
acqua9tance ) 8 /yle1 aft]w>ds introduc$
 x1 z we %all %ew1 into ,g5oa4 ,c>lo is 
suppos$ to h assi/$ 9 ! lab\rs ( !      
palace & ! *apel above m5tion$1 z well z
 9 _m o!rs ascrib$ to ! disciples (     
,mantegna1 among :i* are two hi/ories ( 
! ark pres]v$ 9 ! mona/]y ( ,s4 ,b5$etto
 at ,mantua1 :]e ,&rea's mann] appe>s   
some:at m amplifi$1 ?\gh boa/+ less     
beautiful =ms4 ,b few c]ta9 productions 
( 8 foll[]s c be fix$ ^u1 _! lab\rs be+ 
conf\nd$ by connoisseurs1 f _!          
resemblance ( _! /yle & "n to ^? ( _!   
ma/]4 ,& x has ?us happ5$ 9 an extremely
 int]e/+ hi/orical po9t2 = ,coreggio    
hav+ /udi$1 x appe>s1 "u ,francesco     
,mantegna1 0 believ$ a s*ol> ( ,&rea1   
already deceas$ be=e ,allegri _h atta9$ 
8 twelf? ye>4  ,/ill m celebrat$ ?an !  
prec$+ 7 ! names ( ,gianfrancesco       
,c>otto & ,francesco ,monsignori1 (     
,v]ona4 ,su* 0 ! progress made by ! =m]1

 t ,&rea 0 9 ! habit ( s5d+ =? 8 lab\rs 
z ! "w ( 8 own h&4 ,he 0 celebrat$ = 8  
portraits2 & = 8 composition1 equally   
excell5t 9 l>ge z 9 small pieces2 & he 0
 employ$ by ! ,visconti1 at ,milan1 z   
well z 9 ! c\rt ( ,monf]rato1 & to a    
/ill great] ext5t 9 8 native place4     
,al?\gh an arti/ :o fl\ri%$ at s e>ly a 
p]iod1 9 a few ( 8 pictures he might be 
pron\nc$ m great & h>moni\s ?an ,&rea   
himself2 z we may ga!r f 8 f9e          
alt>-piece ( ,s4 ,f]mo1 at ,v]ona1 & f t
 ( 8 ,angioli1 at ,santa ,eufemia1 ^:   
side pictures repres5t two virg9s1 v    
manife/ly imitat$ f ,raffaello4 ,he is n
 to be conf\nd$ ) ,giovanni ,c>otto1 8  
bro!r & 8 pupil1 & v greatly inf]ior to 
him4 ,francesco ,monsignori ought n to  
be ref]r$ to ,v]ona1 b to ,mantua1 :]e  
he e/abli%$ himself1 hon\r$ by ! ,m>*ese
 ,francesco ) 8 confid5ce1 & remun]at$ 9
 ! mo/ lib]al mann]4 ,if ?is arti/1     
also1 does n exhibit ! beautiful =ms1 & 
! purity ( design s rem>kable 9 ! works 
( 8 ma/]1 he approa*es ne>] to ! mod]n  

ta/e2 8 cont\rs m full1 8 drap]y less   
trite1 & 8 s(tness m f9ely /udi$4 ,9 8  
draw+s ( animals1 he 0 also consid]$ !  
,zeuxis ( 8 age2 insomu* t he succe$$ 9 
impos+ ^u a real dog ) a copy ( !       
animal4 ,9 p]spective he 0 a ma/]2 & 9 !
 refectory ( ! ,franciscans1 !re is a   
picture ( our ,"l amid/ ! apo/les1      
exhibit+ an ar*itecture1 :i*1 h[ev] mu* 
ret\*$1 does n fail to produce great    
effect4 ,9 ! pulpit ( ! same *ur* is    
also a ,s4 ,b]n>d9o1 ) a ,s4 ,lodovico1 
"o ( 8 mo/ beautiful pieces2 & else:]e  
alt>-grades1 ) figures :i* appe> l      
m9iature4 ,he _h a bro!r ( ! "n (       
,girolamo1 ( ! ord] ( ,s4 ,dom5ico1 also
 an excell5t arti/4 ,! ,la/ ,supp]1 to  
be se5 9 ! gr& libr>y ( ,s4 ,b5$etto1   
copi$ f t ( ,leon>do1 9 ,milan1 is f 8  
h&4 ,by _m x is e/eem$ ! be/ copy ( t   
miracle ( art1 :i* n[ rema9s to u4 ,i h 
be=e treat$ ( sev]al ( ,&rea's s*ol>s1  
natives ( ,vic5za2 & ano!r ( ,cremona1  
,i %all h to m5tion 9 due "t4 ,yet !    
entire s]ies ( ?is s*ool w n be complet$

 ) ^! names1 z !re are specim5s ( _m    
unkn[n arti/s execut$ 9 fresco1         
int]sp]s$ ?r\gh\t diff]5t places 9      
,mantua4 ,!y are = ! mo/ "p to be met ) 
on ! facades ( build+s1 & 9 ! *ur*es2   
:ile 9 sev]al ( ! gall]ies we may obs]ve
 pictures 9 oil1 :i* appe> to exhibit m 
( ! defects ?an ( ! excell5ces ( a      
,mantegna4     ,,mantuan ,,s*ool4       
,,epo* ,,ii4       ,giulio ,romano & 8  
,s*ool4   ,! s*ool ( ! ,mantegni becom+ 
ext9ct 9 ,mantua1 ano!r ( a m beautiful 
& di/+ui%$ "* arose1 suffici5t to excite
 ! envy ev5 ( ,rome4 ,duke ,f$]igo _h   
succe$$ to ,francesco1 a pr9ce ( mu*    
enl>gem5t ( m9d1 & s mu* devot$ to ! f9e
 arts1 t no arti/ ( common g5ius w\ld h 
be5 equal to execute 8 ideas4 ,?r\gh !  
int]e/ ( ,baldass> ,ca/iglione1 !n      
extremely intimate ) ,raffaello1 ,giulio
 ,romano 0 prevail$ ^u to visit ,mantua1
 :]e he became at once eng9e] & pa9t] to
 ,duke ,fr$]ic4 ,! duties1 h[ev]1 ( !   
fir/1 occupi$ him m ?an ^? ( ! second4  
,= ! city hav+ be5 damag$ by ! wat]s ( !

 ,m9cio1 ! build+s be+ insecure or badly
 plann$1 & ! ar*itecture inf]ior to !   
dignity ( a capital1 he 0 ?us furni%$ ) 
suffici5t mat]ials on :i* to employ 8   
tal5ts1 & to r5d] him z x 7 a new f\nd] 
( ,mantua2 insomu*1 t its rul]1 9 a     
transport ( gratitude1 0 he>d to        
exclaim1 t ,giulio 0 9 tru? m ! ma/] ( !
 city ?an he himself4 ,! :ole ( ^! works
 are ext5sively record$ 9 diff]5t books 
( ar*itecture4 ,! duty "h requir$ ( me  
is to po9t out to ! read] ! orig9ality (
 ?is arti/'s "*2 a solit>y in/ance      
p]haps 9 hi/ory1 ( "o :o1 hav+ erect$ ! 
mo/ noble & beautiful palaces1 villas1 &
 temples1 pa9t$ & ornam5t$ a consid]able
 portion ( !m ) 8 own h&2 :ile at ! same
 "t a regul> s*ool ( 8 pupils &         
assi/ants 0 =m$ 9 ,mantua1 :i* cont9u$ =
 a l5g? ( ye>s to d equal hon\r to !    
c\ntry & to ! city ( ,lomb>dy4  ,we h   
already consid]$ ,giulio1 9 treat+ ( !  
,roman ,s*ool1 9 ! "* ( s*ol>1 z well z 
heir & cont9uator ( ! works (           
,raffaello2 b "h he is to appe> 9 t ( a 

ma/]1 pursu+ ! me?od ( ! head ( ?is     
s*ool1 bo? 9 tea*+ & composition4 ,:5 he
 came to ,mantua he f\nd abundance (    
anci5t m>bles1 to :i* he cont9u$ to add 
specim5s1 out ( :i* ! /atues1 ! bu/s1 & 
! bassi-relievi1 /ill pres]v$ 9 !       
academy1 are m]e relics4 ,to su*        
mat]ials1 collect$ by ! ,gonzaghi1 he   
unit$ "s ( 8 own4 ,he 0 abundantly      
furni%$ ) designs1 z well copi$ f !     
antique 9 ,rome1 z execut$ by ! h& (    
,raffaello4 ,nor 7 8 own imm$iate /udies
 less valuable1 no design] hav+ bett]   
succe$$ 9 unit+ fre$om ( inv5tion )     
selection1 rapidity ) correctness1 a k (
 fable & ( hi/ory ) a c]ta9 popul>      
mann]1 & facility 9 treat+ !m4 ,^u !    
dea? ( 8 ma/] he began to give a fre]   
scope to 8 natural g5ius1 :i* incl9$ r  
to ! bold ?an to ! beautiful1 & induc$  
him m to adopt ! exp]i5ce acquir$ by _m 
ye>s ( application1 ?an 8 own k ( nature
 & ( tru?4 ,he consid]$ x1 !re=e1 m]e   
amusem5t to adorn ! palace ( ,mantua1 & 
! great suburban ( ! ,te1 7to say no?+ (

 8 num]\s o!r works17 9 ! /yle t ,vas>i 
relates1 & :i* is1 9 "p1 to be se5 at ! 
pres5t day4 ,s _m *amb]s ) gild$        
entablatures2 su* a v>iety ( beautiful  
/ucco "w1 ! figures ( :i* h be5 remov$ =
 ! in/ruction ( y\?2 s _m /ories &      
capricci f9ely conceiv$ & connect$ ) "o 
ano!r1 besides su* a div]sity ( lab\rs  
adapt$ to diff]5t places & subjects1    
altoge!r =m a collection ( wond]s1 !    
hon\r ( :i* ,giulio divid$ ) no o!r     
arti/4 ,= he himself conceiv$1 compos$1 
& complet$ ^! va/ und]tak+s4  ,he 0     
accu/om$ himself to prep>e ! c>toons1 & 
aft]w>ds hav+ exact$ f 8 pupils _!      
completion1 he w5t ov] ! entire "w ) 8  
p5cil1 remov$ its defects1 impress+ at !
 same "t ^u ! :ole ! /amp ( 8 own       
sup]ior "*4 ,?is me?od he acquir$ f     
,raffaello2 & he is comm5d$ by ,vas>i z 
! be/ arti/ kn[n = 8 production (       
di/+ui%$ pupils4 ,x 0 ! mis=tune (      
,giulio to h ! t\*es ( 8 own h& 9 8     
lab\rs at ! ,te1 mod]niz$ by o!r p5cils1
 ow+ to :i* ! beautiful fable ( ,psy*e1 

! moral repres5tations ( human life1 & 8
 t]rible w> ( ! giants ) ,jove1 :]e he  
appe>$ to compete ) ,mi*elangiolo       
himself 9 ! h>dihood ( 8 design1 /ill   
reta91 inde$1 ! design & composition1 b 
no long] ! col\rs ( ,giulio4 ,9 ^! la/ 8
 h& w m truly appe> 9 8 ,w> ( ,troy1    
pres]v$ at ! royal c\rt2 9 8 hi/ory (   
,lucretia2 & 9 ^? little cab9ets        
ornam5t$ by him ) grotesques & o!r +5i\s
 fancies4 ,!re we might sometimes       
pron\nce him a ,hom]1 treat+ ( arms1 or 
sometimes an ,anacreon1 celebrat+ !     
delights ( w9e & love4 ,nor did he      
employ 8 p[]s less nobly 9 sacr$        
subjects1 m p>ticul>ly = ! dome1 :i*1 by
 commission ( ! ,c>d9al ,gonzaga1 bro!r 
to ,f$]igo1 & gu>dian ( 8 "y nephew1 he 
n only built1 b 9 "p ornam5t$1 ?\gh 8   
dea? occurr$ be=e he 0 enabl$ to        
complete 8 celebrat$ "w4 ,! pa9t+s      
produc$ = o!r *ur*es by 8 own h& are n v
 num]\s2 su*1 consi/+ m p>ticul>ly ( 8  
,?ree ,hi/ories ( ! ,passion1 col\r$ 9  
fresco1 at ,s4 ,m>co2 ( 8 ,santo        

,cri/(oro1 9 ! l>ge alt> ( t *ur*1 9 :i*
 he is repres5t$ ) an uncommon degree ( 
/r5g?1 yet groan+ "u ! burd5 ( ! ,"l ( !
 ,univ]se1 :o 9 ! figure ( an infant is 
borne ^u 8 %\ld]s2 an incid5t orig9at+ 9
 ! "n itself ( ,cri/(oro4 ,b let u come 
to ! s*ool ( ,giulio1 9 ,mantua4 ,x w n 
occupy _m pages2 s9ce x did n mix ! /yle
 ( ?is arti/1 z 9 o!r places has happ5$1
 ) =eign /yles1 be+ peculi>ly true to   
its prototype1 s t 9 ea* c\nt5ance we   
may trace1 z x 71 8 own exact features1 
al?\gh copi$ unequally4  ,9 8 ,mantuan  
,s*ool !re appe>$ sev]al =eign]s1 among 
:om ,primaticcio prov$ ! mo/ celebrat$2 
an arti/ :om ,giulio employ$ to "w 9    
/ucco1 & :om1 on be+ invit$ into !      
s]vice ( ! k+ ( ,france1 he s5t to t    
c\ntry 9 8 /ead4 ,b we %all take no     
fur!r notice ( him "h1 hav+ to treat (  
him m fully 9 our acc\nt ( ! ,bolognese4
 ,! ,v]onese1 :o are 9 possession ( a   
beautiful fresco1 9 ! ,piazza delle     
,erbe1 ) ! "n ( ,alb]to ,cavalli        
,savonese1 h suppos$ ?is pa9t] a s*ol> (

 ,giulio1 b )\t any o!r f\ndation beyond
 a /rong resemblance to ! /yle ( ,pippi1
 9 ! nak$ p>ts4 ,x is /range t no o!r   
specim5 ( su* a di/+ui%$ h& %\ld be kn[n
 9 ,italy1 nor any memorial ( him1      
not)/&+ ! great rese>*es t h be5 made2  
nor is x v improbable t he also may h   
*ang$ 8 c\ntry1 & di$ 9 =eign p>ts4     
,b5$etto ,pagni f ,pescia _h already    
tri$ 8 abilities 9 ,rome1 toge!r )      
,b>tolommeo da ,ca/iglioni1 ) ,pap>ello 
da ,cortona1 & ) ,gio4 da ,leone2 arti/s
 ( :om ,i "k n if !re exi/ any ?+ beyond
 ! "n2 :ile ,pagni1 :o accompani$       
,giulio into ,mantua1 has be5 z highly  
e/eem$ by ,vas>i z any o!r "n4 ,f 8 h&1 
besides :at rema9s 9 8 native place1 we 
possess a ,s4 ,lor5zo1 pa9t$ 9 ,s4      
,&rea1 at ,mantua1 :i* does cr$it to su*
 a s*ool4 ,companion to him 9 ! num]\s  
works ( ! ,te1 we f9d ,r9aldo           
,mantovano1 consid]$ by ,vas>i ! mo/    
celebrat$ pa9t] ( ! city1 :ile he lam5ts
 ! untimely t]m9ation ( 8 days4 ,8      
alt>-piece ( ,s4 ,ago/9o1 at ! ,tr9ita1 

proves him to h be5 great ev5 9 8 y\?1 s
 mu* is ! design beyond ! expectation ( 
su* an age2 & x has by "s be5 pron\nc$ !
 "w ( 8 ma/]4 ,f]mo ,guisoni _h a long] 
c>e]2 he pa9t$ 9 ! ca!dral ! ,vocation (
 ,s4 ,pietro & ,s4 ,&rea1 copi$ f "o ( !
 mo/ beautiful & /udi$ c>toons (        
,giulio4 ,o!r pieces ( 8 are extant1 9  
"p design$ by ,b]tani1 & 9 "p f 8 own   
h&4 ,su* is a picture ( ! ,crucifixion  
at ,s4 ,&rea1 :i* bo? 9 po9t ( design & 
=ce ( col\r+ is inde$ admirable4  ,9 ?is
 s]ies ,vas>i has omitt$ to m5tion      
sev]al o!rs :om ! ,mantuans h enum]at$ z
 belong+ to ! s*ool ( ,giulio1 & z      
natives ( _! c\ntry4 ,among ^! is a     
,teodoro ,ghigi1 a ,mantuan1 z he       
subscribes himself1 an excell5t design]1
 & s famili> ) ! mann] ( ! lead] ( 8    
s*ool1 t on ! decease ( ! latt]1 he 0   
employ$ 9 ! s]vice ( ! pr9ce1 to        
complete 8 lab\rs 9 ! city1 & 9 !       
c\ntry4 ,ippolito ,&reasi also pa9t$ a  
good deal ^u ! c>toons ( ,giulio1 &     
produc$ pictures ( m]it 9 ,s4 ,b>b>a z  

well z else:]e4 ,!re are moreov] two    
frescos 9 ! dome1 at ! *apel ( ,s4      
,lor5zo1 attribut$ to "o ,francesco     
,p]la2 an alt>-piece at ,s4 ,cri/(oro by
 ,gio4 ,bati/a ,giac>olo1 nei!r ( !m    
greatly celebrat$ 9 ?is class4          
,raffaello ,pippi 0 a son ( ! head ( !  
s*ool2 & !re only rema9s ( him !        
hon\rable recollection ( ! v promis+    
ef=ts ( 8 y\?ful g5ius1 cut (f 9 its    
happie/ spr+4  ,foll[+ ,giulio1 8 pupil1
 ! cavali] ,gio4 ,bati/a ,b]tani cont9u$
 to lab\r1 & to in/ruct ! s*ool4 ,he _h 
accompani$ 8 ma/] to ,rome2 he 0 a great
 ar*itect1 & an excell5t writ] on !     
subject1 z well z a pa9t] ( no ord9>y   
tal5t4 ,assi/$ by 8 bro!r ( ! "n (      
,dom5ico1 he ornam5t$ sev]al *amb]s 9 ! 
ca/le ( ! c\rt2 & he committ$ v>i\s     
alt>-pieces to diff]5t pa9t]s1 9 ! dome 
erect$ by ,giulio1 9 ,/a4 ,b>b>a1 :i* is
 ! "w ( ,b]tani himself1 & 9 o!r *ur*es 
( ! place4 ,to "s ( ^! arti/s he gave 8 
designs4 ,he 0 e/eem$ almo/ z ano!r     
,giulio by ,duke ,v9c5zio1 ?\gh v       

inf]ior to 8 pr$ecessor4 ,= :at ,vas>i  
obs]ves ( him1 t 8 k did n equal t ( 8  
ma/]1 is no less true1 ?an t ! *ief "p (
 8 own assi/ants surpass$ him4 ,8       
assi/ants 7 ,gio4 ,bati/a del ,moro1    
,g]onimo ,mazzuola1 ,paol ,f>9ato1      
,dom5ico ,brusasorci1 ,giulio ,campi1   
,paol ,v]onese2 ^: works1 display$ 9 t  
ca!dral1 d no less hon\r to ! sanctu>y  
?an to ! city4 ,yet let ?is be said )\t 
! lea/ reflection ^u 8 m]it1 :i*1       
p>ticul>ly 9 design1 0 und\bt$ly v      
great4 ,?is1 inde$1 we ga!r f 8 picture 
( ! ,m>tyrdom ( ,/a4 ,agata1 :i*1       
execut$ f ! design ( ,b]tani by         
,ippolito ,ca/a1 approa*es mu* ne>] to !
 composition ( ,giulio ?an o!r works (  
,ippolito1 drawn f 8 own inv5tion4  ,!re
 is reason to believe t ,ippolito 0 ( ! 
family ( ,lor5zo ,co/a1 toge!r ) ,luigi1
 & ano!r ,lor5zo1 bo? nam$ ,co/a1 & bo? 
,mantuans4 ,orl&i /ates ,ippolito to h  
be5 a pupil ( ,c>pi4 ,bald9ucci includes
 him 9 ! s*ool ( ,giulio1 ei!r f 8 hav+ 
frequ5t$ 8 academy1 or 9 o!r ways hav+  

avail$ himself ( 8 in/ructions & 8      
models2 &1 inde$1 8 /yle betrays no     
slight traces ( !m4 ,lamo1 :o wrote an  
acc\nt ( ! arti/s ( ,cremona1 describes 
him to u z a ma/]1 :o ab\t #aech        
in/ruct$ ,b]n>d9o ,campi2 & moreov]     
gives u reason to suppose t 8 bro!r     
,luigi 0 likewise initiat$ by him 9 !   
art4 ,b he prov$ an inf]ior arti/1 &    
drew 8 *ief celebrity f 8 surname4      
,among ! assi/ants ( ,taddeo ,zucc>i1   
ab\t #aefj1 ,vas>i m5tions ,lor5zo      
,co/a1 a ,mantuan2 & x seems likely t he
 sprung ei!r f ,luigi or f ,ippolito2 & 
_h su* "n conf]r$ ^u him1 z 0 usual1 9  
memory ( ,lor5zo ,co/a1 8 gr&fa!r1 or f 
"s o!r relation%ip to him4 ,we frequ5tly
 read 9 ! ,guide ( ,mantua1 writt5 by   
,cadioli1 t su* a pa9t+ is f ! h& (     
,co/a1 )\t giv+ 8 prop] "n2 & x appe>s  
probable1 t pursu+ _! lab\rs 9 ! same   
/udio1 !y may h contract$ a sort (      
family /yle1 n inde$ v correct or le>n$1
 b ( a practical k9d4 ,!re is a pleas+  
air ab\t ! heads1 & "s c>e 9 ! col\rs2 =

 ! re/ x is m9ute2 n exact1 nor         
suffici5tly %ad$2 & 9 f9e1 modell$ ^u ! 
composition ( "o :o aim$ at imitat+ !   
grace1 n ( rivall+ ! p[] ( ,giulio4 ,!  
,co/a are e/eem$ 9 ,mantua among ! la/  
disciples ( ! great s*ool2 nor d ,i "k (
 _! hav+ produc$ any pupil besides      
,fac*etti1 :o devot$ himself altoge!r to
 portraits4  ,x w "h be prop] to /ate t 
,giulio 9 imitation ( ,raffaello gave   
rise1 by ! influ5ce ( 8 ta/e1 to a great
 numb] ( artific]s1 :o ornam5t$ o!r     
pr(essions4 ,he 0 possess$ ( ^? g5]al   
ideas ( beauty & proportion1 f :i* he   
drew 8 rules = ! p>ticul> direction ( e 
"w2 an enviable di/9ction ( t age1 9 :i*
 ! lead+ m5 7 at once pa9t]s1 modell]s1 
& ar*itects1 ext5d+ _! influ5ce ev5 f ! 
noble/ works ( art d[n to vases & plates
 ( e>!nw>e1 & cornices ( wood4 ,i am n  
c]ta9 :e!r ,giulio1 l ,raffaello1 =m$ ! 
ta/e ( ano!r ,gio4 da ,ud9e1 9 draw+    
fruits & trees1 c43 b ,i "k t ,camillo1 
a ,mantuan1 decl>$ by ,vas>i to be mo/  
excell5t 9 po9t ( l&scape1#a fl\ri%$    

ab\t ?is p]iod4 ,"s specim5s 9 fresco   
/ill cont9ue to adorn 8 native place2 b 
he *iefly produc$ 8 works 9 ,v5ice1 9   
,urb9o1 & at ! ducal palace 9 ,pes>o1   
:]e1 9 a *amb]1 s9ce *ang$ into an      
arm\r-room1 he pa9t$ a grove1 execut$ ) 
s mu* ta/e & tru?1 t x w\ld n be        
difficult to numb] e sep>ate leaf ^u !  
trees4 ,x is c]ta9 t ,giulio educat$ a  
pupil z 8 ,p]9o1 = 8 /uccos2 & ?is 01   
besides ,primaticcio1 a ,gio4 ,bati/a   
,briziano1 commonly call$ ,mantovano1 :o
 likewise became 8 ,m>c ,antonio1       
engrav+ on copp] _m ( ! pictures ( 8    
ma/]1 z well z ( o!r di/+ui%$ arti/s ( 8
 day4 ,to him ought to be add$ ,giorgio 
,ghisi1 or ,ghigi1 :o fl\ri%$ at ! same 
p]iod2 & to ^! succe$$ ,diana1 daught] (
 ,gio4 ,bati/a1#b celebrat$ = h] f9e    
engrav+s2 & ?is bran* ( art1 introduc$  
into ,mantua by t em95t arti/1 cont9u$  
to prosp] !re = a long c\rse ( ye>s4    
,footnote #a3 ,9 ! ,life ( ,g5ga4       
,footnote #b3 ,%e is also call$ ,civis  
,volat]rana1 f h]      connexion ) t    

city2 an in/ance t ought to be          
pres5t to our recollection1 :5 we f9d t 
diff]5t      writ]s ascribe diff]5t     
c\ntries to ! same pa9t]4  ,ano!r bran* 
( ! f9e arts1 t ( m9iature1 seem$ to    
atta9 its p]fection "u "o ( ,giulio's   
s*ol>s4 ,8 "n 0 ,d4 ,giulio ,clovio1 (  
,croazia1 a regul> ,scopet9e ,canon1    
aft]w>ds becom+ a layman by a           
disp5sation f ! ,pope4 ,he _h fir/ turn$
 8 att5tion to ! high] bran*es ( ! art1 
b ,giulio1 :o saw he possess$ a peculi> 
tal5t = dim9utive figures1 prevail$ ^u  
him to apply himself to ^!2 & taught him
 ! fir/ ( any 9 ,rome1 ! me?od ( apply+ 
t9ts & col\rs 9 gum & wat] col\rs1 :ile 
9 m9iature he obta9$ in/ructions f      
,girolamo da' ,libri ( ,v]ona4 ,he is   
e/eem$ at ! head ( 8 pr(ession 9 ?is    
l9e4 ,9 8 design he displays a good deal
 ( /udy ( ,mi*elangiolo1 & ( ! ,roman   
,s*ool1 ?\gh approa*+ ne>] to ! practice
 ( a good naturali/1 exquisitely        
graceful 9 8 col\rs1 & admirable 9 8    
exactness ( draw+ ! m9ute/ objects4     

,great "p ( 8 lab\rs 7 und]tak5 =       
sov]eigns & pr9ces1 9 ^: libr>ies may be
 f\nd books ornam5t$ by him 9 m9iature )
 su* a degree ( tru? & _s1 t we appe> to
 view ^! dim9utive objects r ?r\gh "s   
cam]a-optica1 ?an 9 a picture4 ,x is    
relat$ by ,vas>i1 t 9 an ,(fice ( !     
,virg91 made = ! ,c>d9al ,f>nese1 !re 7 
figures :i* did n exce$ ! size ( a small
 ant2 & t ea* "p 0 nev]!less di/9ctly   
drawn4 ,x is wor? :ile1 inde$1 to read !
 :ole description giv5 by t hi/orian ( !
 m9iatures !re ins]t$1 9 :i* he likewise
 select$ subjects adapt$ = a multitude (
 figures1 su* z ! procession ( ! ,corpus
 ,dom9i at ,rome1 & ! fea/ ( ! ,monte   
,te/aceo3 a lab\r ( n9e ye>s1 :i* 0     
di/ribut$ into tw5ty-six little         
hi/ories4 ,he produc$ num]\s small      
portraits pa9t$ = private p2 7an art 9  
:i* he is said by ,vas>i to h equall$   
,titian7 besides a few little pictures4 
,^! are r>ely to be met ) 9 collections4
 ,!re is "o ( ! ,deposizione1 9 ! libr>y
 ( ! ,padri ,ci/]ci5si1 at ,milan1 a    

piece q orig9al 9 its composition1 b :i*
 brea!s altoge!r ! ta/e ( ! gold5 p]iod4
 ,inde$1 ,i am incl9$ to be ( op9ion t  
,giulio promot$ ?is v /udy 9 ,mantua2   
hav+ myself se5 !re "s exquisite        
m9iatures1 ?\gh by unkn[n h&s4 ,x is    
also wor?y ( notice1 z ,vas>i rem>ks1 t 
by means ( ,giulio1 ! art advanc$ t[>ds 
p]fection1 n only 9 ,mantua1 b ?r\gh\t  
all ,lomb>dy1 7a /ate :i*1 9 ! native   
acceptation ( ! t]m1 includes also a    
portion ( ! mod]n ,v5etian t]ritories74 
,?is we h already 9 "p se52 & 9 "p %all 
cont9ue to see m cle>ly 9 ! c\rse ( ?is 
hi/ory4     ,,mantuan ,,s*ool     ,,epo*
 ,,iii4       ,decl9e ( ! ,s*ool1 &     
,f\ndation ( an ,academy 9      ord] to 
re/ore x4   ,subsequ5t to ! p]iod 9 :i* 
,giulio fl\ri%$1 ! s*ool ( ,mantua      
produc$ no new names :i* at all approa*$
 ! reputation ( ! fir/4 ,! disposition (
 its sov]eigns 0 always incl9$ r to     
invite pa9t]s ( celebrity f else:]e1 ) a
 sure prospect ( be+ spe$ily & well     
s]v$1 ?an to promote ! education ( _! "y

 subjects 9 ! /udy ( an art1 sl[ 9      
produc+ fruits1 & subject to rapid      
decay4 ,we h already rec\nt$ a tol]able 
numb] assembl$ by ,duke ,v9c5zio = !    
object ( ornam5t+ 8 *ur*es2 ( sev]al (  
:om he also avail$ himself = !          
decoration ( ! palaces4 ,antonm>ia      
,viani1 call$ il ,vian9o1 a native (    
,cremona & a s*ol> ( ! ,campi1 ?us fill$
 ! d\ble capacity ( an arti/ & an       
ar*itect4 ,! frieze surr\nd+ ! gall]y ( 
! c\rt pres5ts a specim5 ( _! /yle1 :]e1
 9 a gr\nd ( gold1 are se5 a gr\p ( mo/ 
beautiful boys1 pa9t$ 9 *i>oscuro1 &    
play+ amid/ luxuriant fe/oons ( fl[]s4  
,9 ! same ta/e ( ! ,campi he produc$    
sev]al sacr$ pieces2 su* z ! picture (  
,s4 ,mi*ele at ,/a4 ,agnese2 ! ,p>adiso 
at ! ,orsol9e2 & subsequ5t to ,duke     
,v9c5zio1 he 0 employ$ by 8 ?ree        
successors1 & di$ 9 ,mantua1 aft] hav+  
e/abli%$ 8 family 9 t city4  ,n v long  
aft]w>ds1 ,dom5ico ,feti f ,rome 0      
decl>$ pa9t] ( ! same c\rt1 an arti/ (  
^: education1 receiv$ "u ,cigoli1 ,i h  

treat$ else:]e4 ,c>d9al ,f]d9&o1 succe$+
 to ! duk$om ( ,mantua1 _h br\ght him f 
,rome to 8 own c\rt1 :]e he _h          
opportunities ( improv+ himself1 by     
/udy+ ! f9e/ ,lomb>d models1 along )    
sev]al ( ! ,v5etians4 ,he produc$ _m    
pictures 9 oil1 = v>i\s temples &       
gall]ies2 "o ( :i*1 repres5t+ !         
,multiplication ( ,loaves1 exi/s 9 !    
,mantuan academy1 ab\nd+ ) figures r    
truly noble ?an l>ge2 b v>i$1 %ort5$1 & 
col\r$ 9 a v ma/]ly /yle4 ,a /ill m     
copi\s "w 0 t 9 ! *oir ( ! ca!dral1 ?\gh
 8 pieces 9 fresco1 l ^? ( ,cigoli1 h   
less m]it ?an ^? pa9t$ 9 oil4 ,) all !  
excell5ce ( 8 compositions1 he has      
c]ta9ly ! fault ( be+ too symmetrical 9 
8 gr\ps1 :i* consequ5tly seem to        
correspond 9 an exact ord]1 calculat$ 9 
ar*itecture to please bo? ! eye & ! m9d1
 b by no means s 9 pa9t+4 ,8 own y\?ful 
excesses depriv$ ,v5ice ( ?is f9e g5ius1
 & di/+ui%$ ornam5t ( 8 art1 9 ! v fl[] 
( 8 age4 ,! names ( o!r arti/s likewise 
engag$ 9 ! s]vice ( ! same c\rt1 :]e a  

reli% = ! f9e arts seems to h be5 almo/ 
indig5\s1 7 ,titian1 ,coreggio1 ,g5ga1  
,t9toretto1 ,albani1 ,rub5s1 ,gessi1    
,g]ola1 ,v]miglio1 ,ca/iglione1         
,lodovico ,b]tucci1 ) o!rs ( em95t      
abilities2 "s ( :om 7 invit$ = p>ticul> 
commissions1 & o!rs p]man5tly engag$ = a
 l5g? ( "t4 ,?us ! city ( ,mantua became
 "o ( ! mo/ ri*ly ornam5t$ 9 all ,italy2
 insomu* t aft] suff]+ ! sackage (      
#afcj1 9 :i* ! ducal palace 0 despoil$ (
 ! noble collection1 n[ disp]s$ abroad1 
x /ill c boa/1 bo? 9 private & public   
exhibitions1 suffici5t to engage !      
curiosity ( cultivat$ /rang]s = a p]iod 
( _m days4  ,! city 9 ! mean:ile 0 n    
defici5t 9 native arti/s ( sup]ior      
g5ius1 su* z ,v5u/i1 ,manfr$i1 &        
,fac*etti2 all ( :om1 on acc\nt ( _!    
resid5ce 9 ,rome1 we h treat$ ( 9 t     
s*ool2 :ile 9 t ( ,p>ma we %all h       
occasion to ins]t ! "n ( ,giorgio del   
,grano1 suppos$ to be ( ,mantua1 & (    
,&rea ,scutell>i 9 t ( ,cremona1 9 :i*  
he became fix$4 ,francesco ,borgani is  

"o ( ^? :o resid$ 9 8 native place1 & :o
 adopt$ a good /yle f ! pa9t+s (        
,p>migian9o1 9 :i* he compos$ sev]al    
pictures 9 ,s4 ,pietro1 9 ,s4 ,simone1 9
 ,s4 ,croce1 z well z 9 o!r places1 by  
:i* he des]ves to be bett] kn[n ?an he  
n[ is4 ,?is arti/ fl\ri%$ until ! latt] 
half ( ! pa/ c5tury4  ,t[>ds ! same     
p]iod ,giovanni ,canti1 :ile yet "y1    
came f ,p>ma & settl$ 9 ,mantua1 an     
arti/ ^: m]its1 consi/+ 9 8 l&scapes &  
battle-sc5es1 are to be s\ght = 9       
gall]ies ( art1 n 9 ! specim5s ( 8      
alt>-pieces 9 *ur*es1 :i* are v inf]ior4
 ,he 0 "o ( ^? :o lay too mu* /ress on  
_! rapidity ( h&4 ,s*iv5oglia1 ^: prop] 
"n 0 ,francesco ,rani]i1 0 "o ( 8       
s*ol>s1 equally di/+ui%$ = 8 battles z =
 8 l&scape2 sup]ior to 8 ma/] 9 design1 
b inf]ior 9 po9t ( col\r+4 ,next to him 
,giovanni ,cadioli 0 consid]$ a good    
l&scape pa9t]1 & bett] 9 fresco ?an 9   
oils4 ,he wrote an acc\nt ( ! pictures (
 ,mantua1 & at ! same p]iod 0 "o ( !    
e>lie/ f\nd]s & ! fir/ director ( !     

academy = design at t place4  ,giovanni 
,bazzani1 a pupil ( ,canti1 0 end[$ ) a 
high] g5ius = ! art ?an 8 ma/]1 & laid a
 bett] f\ndation = excell5ce by !       
cultivation ( 8 m9d1 by c>eful /udy1 &  
by copy+ f ! mo/ e/eem$ models4 ,he m   
p>ticul>ly direct$ 8 att5tion t[>ds     
,rub5s1 ^: foot/eps he dilig5tly pursu$ 
to ! end ( 8 c>e]4 ,he 0 long employ$ 9 
,mantua & 9 its adjac5t mona/]y1        
pr9cipally 9 works ( fresco1 display+ an
 easy1 spirit$1 & imag9ative "*1 9 a    
mann] t does cr$it to 8 g5ius4 ,he 0    
univ]sally all[$ to possess uncommon    
p[]s1 b be+ crippl$ & infirm1 he 0      
unable to exhibit !m z he wi%$2 &       
besides1 ! rapid mann] acquir$ f ,canti1
 dim9i%$1 = ! mo/ "p1 ! value ( 8 works4
  ,giuseppe ,bottani ( ,cremona1 educat$
 at ,rome "u ,masucci1 aft]w>ds e/abli%$
 himself 9 ,mantua1 :]e he acquir$ !    
reputation ( a good l&scape pa9t] 9 !   
mann] ( ,p\ss91 & ( a good figuri/ 9 t (
 ,m>atta4 ,8 be/ pictures are f\nd      
beyond ! conf9es ( ! city2 9 a *ur* at  

,milan1 d$icat$ to ,sa9ts ,cosma &      
,damiano1 is to be se5 a ,santa ,paola  
by 8 h&1 tak+ f>ewell ( ! dome/ics1 a   
piece by no means inf]ior to t (        
,batoni1 :i* is plac$ at its side4 ,x _h
 be5 well = 8 reputation z an arti/ _h  
he always ex]t$ himself ) equal c>e1 = 9
 e composition he might h approv$       
himself an excell5t disciple ( ! s*ool (
 ,rome4 ,8 extreme ha/e1 h[ev]1 r5d]$   
him inconsi/5t ) himself1 s t 9 ! city  
:]e he taught1 !re c h>dly be enum]at$  
"o or two specim5s among ! great numb]  
he produc$ 9 public1 :i* c at all vie ) 
! ,milanese4 ,! read] may h already     
le>n$1 9 ! c\rse ( ?is "w1 t ( all      
faults cel]ity is "o ( ! mo/ fatal to ! 
reputation ( arti/s2 ! rock ^u :i* _m ( 
! f9e/ g5iuses h /ruck4 ,to few1 inde$1 
has x be5 giv5 to produce ) rapidity &  
to produce well4  ,! academy ( ,mantua n
 only /ill exi/s1 b has be5 furni%$ by !
 pr9ces ( ! h\se ( ,au/ria ) spl5did    
rooms1 ) select ca/s1 & o!r advantages =
 ! improvem5t ( y\?1 s z to r5d] x "o ( 

! f9e/ academies 9 ,italy4#c ,!re h     
appe>$1 "u ! auspices ( ,signor ,volta1 
"o ( its memb]s1 comp5di\s notices ( !  
arti/s ( ,mantua1 d[n f ! ye> #aggg2 an 
e>ne/ ( a m ext5d$ "w t we are 9 hopes (
 receiv+ f 8 able & accompli%$ p54 ,) ^!
 notices1 z well z o!rs af=d$ u 9       
conv]sation ) ! same enlight5$ s*ol>1 we
 h be5 glad to enri* ! pres5t *apt]4    
,nor h we fail$ to keep 9 view ! two    
,disc\rses ^u ! ,lett]s & ! ,arts (     
,mantua1 recit$ 9 ! academy1 & aft]w>ds 
made public by ! ,sig4 ,abate           
,bett9elli1 9 :i* 8 "*1 z a flu5t       
orator1 & a dilig5t hi/orian1 9 ! v>i\s 
notes he has add$1 appe>s to equal      
advantage4    ,footnote #c3 ,^u !       
e/abli%m5t ( ! ,italian republic1       
accord+ to :at ,i h rec5tly he>d f !    
le>n$ ,p4      ,pompilio ,pozzetti      
,scolopio1 public libr>ian at ,mod5a1 ! 
academies 7 r$uc$ to two2 ! "o 9        
,bologna1 ! o!r      9 ,milan2 & 9 ! re/
 ( ! cities !y cont9ue to      exi/ z   
s*ools ( ! f9e arts4 ,to bo? ( ^! !     

gov]nm5t is extremely fav\rable1 z well 
z to lett]s1      bo? v int]e/+ objects 
( public education4 ,& n[1      by !    
union ( ! ,v5etian /ates1 ! academy (   
,v5ice      is greatly /r5g!n$ &        
increas$1 e/abli%$ by decree      ( !   
gov]nm5t 9 ! ye> #agbd4       ,,*apt]   
,,ii4    ,,! ,,mod5ese ,,s*ool4         
,,epo* ,i4       ,! ,anci5ts4   ,! /ate 
( ,mod5a1 su* z x is n[ reunit$ "u !    
happy gov]nm5t ( ! h\se ( ,e/e1 w =m !  
subject ( ! foll[+ *apt]2 & no o!r      
portion ( my "w c be pron\nc$ sup]ior 9 
po9t ( int]e/ to ?is4 ,s9ce ! feeble    
attempts ( ,v$riani1 & ( o!r writ]s1 m  
eag] ?an sagaci\s1 ! pictoric hi/ory ( !
 entire dom9ion has be5 rec5tly         
illu/rat$1 z ,i obs]v$ at ! comm5cem5t1 
by a di/+ui%$ hi/orian4 ,i h no fur!r   
object 9 view ?an to adapt x to my usual
 me?od1 omitt+ at ! same "t a few names1
 :i*1 ei!r f _! m$iocrity1 f ! loss ( _!
 works1 or o!r reasons1 _c be presum$ to
 be greatly int]e/+ to my read]s4  ,!   
antiquity ( ?is s*ool may be s\ght = z  

f> back z #abce1 at lea/ if x may be    
suppos$ t ,b]l+]i ( ,lucca1 c]ta9ly !   
au?or ( a ,s4 ,francesco rema9+ 9 !     
ca/le ( ,guiglia1 pa9t$ 9 ! above ye>1  
likewise produc$ pupils to ! /ate (     
,mod5a1 a matt] :i* is /ill involv$ 9   
d\bt4 ,!re is ano!r sacr$ figure1 also !
 production ( a ,mod5ese1 consi/+ ( !   
,bless$ ,virg91 betwe5 two milit>y      
sa9ts1 a picture br\ght f ,prague into !
 ,imp]ial ,gall]y at ,vi5na4 ,we read   
inscrib$ ^u x 9 anci5t "* ! two foll[+  
l9es3--       ,quis opus hoc f9xit8     
,?omas de ,mut9a p9xit2      ,quale     
vides ,lector ,r>is9i filius auctor2  9 
:i* we ought to read ,b>is9i1 bo? on    
acc\nt ( ,sig4 ,g>ampi1 :o is pr(\ndly  
skill$ 9 ! anci5t *>act]s1 hav+ ?us     
und]/ood x1 & because ?is "n approa*es  
ne>] to ^? :i*1 ?\gh c]ta9ly diff]5t1   
are kn[n to apply to ! fa!r ( ,tommaso1 
z well 9 ,mod5a z 9 ,trevigi4 ,9 ! =m]  
,i "k n t !re n[ rema9s any ?+ ( him b !
 "n2 b 9 ! latt] is to be se5 a v       
ext5sive "w 9 ! *apt] ( ! ,padri        

,pr$icatori4 ,"h are repres5t$ ! sa9ts &
 s*ol>s ( ! ord]1 & ! arti/'s "n also   
appe>s ) ! date ( #aceb4d ,! design (   
?is piece is tol]ably good = ^? times1 z
 appe>s f ! engrav+s tak5 ( x by !      
,dom5ican1 ,fa!r ,f$]ici1 ! same :o     
pres5t$ u ) a le>n$ "w ^u ! ,antiquities
 ( ,trevigi4 ,he discov]$ t ! fa!r (    
,tommaso1 by "n ,boras9o or ,bizz>r9o1  
an abbreviation he says ( ,buzzacc>9o1  
became nom9at$ to ! citiz5%ip1 & to !   
public not>y%ip ( ,trevigi1 9 #acae2 9  
all :i* 8 family 0 call$ di ,mod5a1 z t 
( ,girolamo ,f]r>ese 0 call$ di ,c>pi4  
,on ! /r5g? ( ^! docum5ts ,trevigi may1 
p]haps1 dispute ) ,mod5a ! hon\r (      
produc+ su* an arti/2 b ,i %all take no 
%>e 9 ! "q4 ,i w\ld "h m]ely obs]ve t ! 
sup]scription does n say ,?omas de      
,mut9a1 f :i* we might ga!r t ,mod5a 0 !
 cognom5 ( ! family2 b t ,?omas pictor  
de ,mut9a p9xit i/ud2 :5ce to conclude t
 he !re gave ! "n ( 8 real c\ntry1 ei!r 
because he 0 born 9 ,mod5a1 or because1 
desc5d$ f a ,mod5ese family1 he reta9$ 8

 citiz5%ip1 & r wi%$ to appe> a native (
 ,mod5a ?an ( ,trevigi4 ,h[ev] ?is may  
be1 x is a signal hon\r = ,italy to h   
giv5 su* an arti/ to ,g]many1 a "n ( :i*
 ! hi/orians ( t great nation h mi/ak5ly
 avail$ !mselves1 9 ! outset ( ! hi/oric
 s]ies ( _! pa9t]s1 trac+ 8 orig9 to    
,mutt]sdorff1 & mak+ him ! ma/] (       
,!odoric ( ,prague1 foll[$ 9 succession 
by ,wums]1 ,s*o51 ,wolgemut1 & ,alb]t   
,dur]4    ,footnote #d3 ,x 0 believ$ "s 
"t ago t ?is pa9t+      0 produc$ 9     
#abig1 ?is date be+ f\nd on ! picture1  
& ,sig4 ,me*el hav+ ?us publi%$ x 9 8   
catalogue (      ! ,royal ,gall]y at    
,vi5na4 ,:e!r x /ill rema9s ?us         
ins]t$ ,i "k n2 b und\bt$ly x ought n to
 be      !re4  ,next to ! pictures (    
,tommaso1 ought to be enum]at$ an       
alt>-piece by ,b>naba da ,mod5a1 pres]v$
 toge!r ) ! au?or's "n 9 ,alba1 & dat$  
#acgg1 a piece by "o writ] suppos$      
ant]ior to ,giotto2 & 9 addition to ?is 
an ,ancona1 f ! h& ( ,s]af9o de' ,s]af9i
 da ,mod5a1 conta9+ v>i\s bu/s & entire 

figures1 ) ! "n also ( ! pa9t]1 & ! ye> 
#ache4 ,x is plac$ 9 ! ca!dral1 & its   
pr9cipal subject is ! ,incoronation ( ! 
,virg94 ,9 its composition x v ne>ly    
resembles t ( ,giotto & 8 s*ool1 ( :i*1 
inde$1 m ?an ( any o!r1 ! :ole "* ( !   
piece p>takes1 only ! figures are1      
p]haps1 a little m full1 & z x 7 bett]  
f$ ?an ^? ( ! ,flor5t9e ,s*ool4 ,if !   
orig9 ( su* resemblance %\ld be s\ght =1
 let u consid] t ,giotto n only employ$ 
himself 9 ! adjac5t city ( ,bologna1 b  
likewise 9 ,f]r>a1 :i*1 toge!r ) ,mod5a1
 0 !n subject to ! h\se ( ,e/e1 s t "o  
city might easily af=d precepts &       
examples to ano!r4  ,vas>i rem>k$ at    
,mod5a "s anci5t pa9t+s at ,s4 ,dom9ico1
 & he might h se5 m 9 possession ( !    
,padri ,b5$ett9i1 & else:]e2 f :i* he   
judg$1 t 9 e age !re _h be5 excell5t    
arti/s 9 t place4 ,_! names1 :i* 7      
unkn[n to ,vas>i1 h 9 "p be5 collect$ f 
,,mss41 consi/+ ( a ,tommaso ,bass9i1#e 
^: age & productions are unc]ta91 & "s  
o!rs ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 approa*+ ne>]  

to a m improv$ era4 ,"o ( ^! 0 ,&rea    
,campana1 to :om a "w1 be>+ ! initials (
 8 "n1 9 ! ,colorno ,villa ( ! ,duke (  
,p>ma1 has be5 attribut$1 repres5t+ !   
acts ( ,s4 ,pi]o ,m>tire1 a piece       
extremely pleas+ & well col\r$4 ,ano!r  
is ,b>tolommeo ,bonasia1 excell5t bo? 9 
pa9t+ & inlaid "w1 a specim5 ( :i* he   
left 9 a picture plac$ 9 ! conv5t ( ,s4 
,v9c5zo4 ,!re are1 moreov]1 9 ,sassuolo1
 "s notices ( ,raffaello ,calori (      
,mod5a1 beg9n+ 9 #adeb & t]m9at+ 9      
#adgd2 besides a picture ( ! ,virg9 9 ! 
be/ mann] ( ^? times1 dur+ :i* he 0 9 ! 
s]vice ( ,duke ,borso4 ,lat] ?an him    
fl\ri%$ ,francesco ,magagnolo1 an arti/ 
:o t]m9at$ 8 c>e] e>ly 9 ! sixte5?      
c5tury1 & "o ( ! fir/ :o drew c\nt5ances
 9 su* a mann] z to appe> look+ at !    
spectator1 9 :atev] po9t ( view he might
 obs]ve !m4 ,8 contempor>ies1 x appe>s1 
7 ,cec*9o ,setti1 ^: lab\rs h :olly     
p]i%$1 ) ! exception ( a few            
alt>-ornam5ts1 9 ! mo/ f9i%$ ta/e2      
,nicoletto da ,mod5a1 at once a pa9t]1 &

 "o ( ! v e>lie/ engrav]s1 ^: pr9ts are 
mu* s\ght aft] = cab9ets1 & are plac$ at
 ! head ( collections2 ,giovanni ,mun>i1
 comm5d$ by hi/orians1 & di/+ui%$ = !   
great "n ( 8 son & pupil ,pellegr9o2 &  
f9ally ,francesco ,bian*i ,f]r>i1 :o di$
 9 #aeaj4 ,to ?is la/ has be5 ascrib$ ! 
hon\r ( in/ruct+ ,coreggio1 :i*1 h[ev]1 
c by no means be ass]t$ beyond dispute4 
,"o ( 8 alt>-pieces 0 =m]ly to be se5 9 
,s4 ,francesco1 execut$ ) "s degree (   
mod]n s(tness1 ?\gh /ill p>tak+ ( !     
anci5t /iffness1 & ! eyes design$ )\t a 
due reg>d to rotundity4    ,footnote #e3
 ,?is in=mation1 tak5 f ,tirabos*i1 does
 n      seem to fav\r ! sy/em ( ,fa!r   
,f$]ici1 :o says1 t      9 ! f\rte5?    
c5tury names 7 frequ5tly %ort5$1        
adduc+1 at ! same "t1 sev]al examples1  
7vol4 i4 p4      #ec74 ,he ?us expla9s  
h[ ,buzzacc>9o became      ,bizz>r9o1   
,b>is9o1 ,boras9o1 ) _m m /range        
t]ms 9 ,trevigi4 ,n[ :y might n ?is     
arti/'s "n      become ,bass9o1 9       
,mod5a8 ,& if 9 read+ ,tommaso di       

,bass9o da ,mod5a 9 ! au?orities (      
,tirabos*i1 e      "o p]ceives ! "n ( ! 
pa9t]1 t ( ! fa!r1      & ( ! c\ntry to 
:i* he belong$2 !n :y1 on      read+ ^u 
pictures ,tommaso di ,b>is9o1 or        
,boris9o1      da ,mod5a1 are we b\nd to
 believe ?is la/ ! "n ( a      family2 &
 s mu* m1 z !re 7 !n few families       
di/+ui%$ by _! surnames8 ,tommaso1      
!re=e1 wi%$      x to be und]/ood t he  
came f ,mod5a2 & if ?is      became a   
surname :i* di/+ui%$ 8 family 9         
,trevigi1      x mu/ h be5 at a lat]    
p]iod1 :5 he knew no?+ (      x4  ,9 !  
small] capitals1 also1 ab\t ?is p]iod1  
fl\ri%$ arti/s ( consid]able m]it4      
,reggio /ill boa/s a ,madonna ( ,loreto1
 pa9t$ 9 ! dome by ! h& ( ,b]n>d9o      
,orsi1 ) ! date ( #aeja2 :ile 9 ,s4     
,tommaso1 & else:]e1 we meet ) "s pa9t+s
 ( ,simone ,=n>i1 also call$ ,mores9i1 &
 ( ,francesco ,caprioli4 ,i m5tion !m   
"h1 n s mu* on acc\nt ( ! p]iod :i* !y  
adorn$1 z = ! resemblance ( _! mann] to 
! two ,francia1 m especially ,=n>i2 _m (

 8 pictures hav+ be5 attribut$ to ^?    
di/+ui%$ ornam5ts ( ,bologna4  ,c>pi1   
likewise1 pres]ves sev]al relics ( !    
anci5t arts3 besides a frieze 9 ! rude/ 
/yle ( sculpture1 9 ! facade ( ! old    
ca!dral1 a "w ( ! twelf? c5tury4 ,to !  
same *ur* is atta*$ two *apels1 exhibit+
 ! comm5cem5t & ! progress ( pa9t+ 9 ^? 
p>ts4 ,9 "o is se5 ! sp\sals ( ,santa   
,cat]9a1 a piece s extremely infantile1 
t x w\ld be difficult to f9d a simil>   
example 9 ,italy4 ,! pa9t+ ^u ! walls   
is1 h[ev]1 sup]ior2 display+ an orig9al 
/yle1 no less 9 ! drap]y ?an 9 ! ideas1 
& =cible 9 its action4 ,! o!r *apel is  
divid$ into v>i\s ni*es1 ) ! effigy ( a 
sa9t 9 ea*2 & 9 ?is "w1 :i* is ! late/ (
 ! two1 appe> "s traces ( ! /yle (      
,giotto4 ,!re is no nom5clature giv+ u  
any acc\nt ( arti/s s v anci5t4 ,! li/ (
 ! s*ool comm5ces ) ,b]n>d9o ,los*i1 :o1
 sprung f a family 9 ,p>ma1 signs 8 own 
"n1 ,c>p5se1 9 "s ( 8 pictures4 ,)\t su*
 elucidation1 ^! might h be5 pron\nc$ ! 
works ( "o or o!r ( ! ,francia4 ,los*i 0

 employ$ 9 ! s]vice ( ,alb]to ,pio2 &   
!re exi/ memorials ( him f ! ye> #adie  
until #aecc4 ,!re rema9s on record ! "n 
( "o ( 8 contempor>ies1 ,m>co ,meloni1  
"o ( ! mo/ accurate ( arti/s1 ( :om e ?+
 may be includ$ 9 ! obs]vation1 t 8     
pictures at ,s4 ,b]n>d9o1 & else:]e1    
p>take 9 ! same degree ( ! ,bolognese   
mann]4 ,probably he 0 a pupil ( t s*ool1
 z well z ,aless&ro da ,c>pi1 enum]at$  
by ,malvasia among ! disciples ( ,co/a4 
,f9ally1 ,coreggio likewise cultivat$ ! 
f9e arts be=e ,antonio ,allegri came    
into ! _w4 ,= n _m ye>s ago a fresco (  
tol]able execution 0 discov]$ 9 t       
ca!dral1 ascrib$ by tradition1 to       
,lor5zo ,allegri1 :o1 9 a lett] (       
donation1 subscrib$ by him 9 #aebg1 is  
call$ ,magi/] ,laur5tius ,filius        
,magi/ri ,antonii de ,allegris ,pictor4 
,?is arti/ is believ$ to h be5 ! fir/   
in/ructor ( ,antonio ,allegri1 8 bro!r's
 son2 & x is1 at lea/1 c]ta9 t he _h a  
s*ool 9 :i* he taught ! rules ( art to  
ano!r ( 8 nephews1 z ,i h he>d f ! le>n$

 ,dottore ,antonioli1 :o is busi$ 9     
prep>+ a life ( 8 v di/+ui%$ fell[      
citiz54 ,at pres5t !re are few pa9t+s 9 
,coreggio display+ ! ta/e ( ! arti/s ( !
 f\rte5? c5tury1 f :i* we might judge ( 
t s*ool4 ,a ,madonna1 pa9t$ 9 #aeaa1 :5 
,antonio ,allegri _h atta9$ 8 sev5te5?  
ye>1 is1 h[ev]1 to be met ) 9 !         
,catalogue ( ! ,e/e ,gall]y1 :i!r x _h  
be5 transf]r$4 ,x is attribut$ to       
,antonio ,allegri1 b !re is no suffici5t
 evid5ce ( ! fact2 & we %\ld h ab\t     
equal au?ority = giv+ x to ,lor5zo4 ,!  
/yle is b middl+1 & 9 po9t ( =ms1 !     
anci5t "* is n :olly laid aside 9 !     
folds ( ! drap]y3 x may1 h[ev]1 be      
pron\nc$ ( a s(t] tone ?an t ( ! *ief "p
 ( its contempor>ies1 & ne>] to ! mod]n 
mann]4  ,be=e proce$+ fur!r1 x w be "r  
to in=m ! read] ( a c]ta9 advantage t   
?is tract ( c\ntry1 & ,mod5a 9 p>ticul>1
 enjoy$ f ! comm5cem5t ( ! fifte5?      
c5tury1 consi/+ 9 ! abundance ( its     
excell5t modell]s 9 clay4 ,( ?is art1 ! 
p>5t ( sculpture1 & ! nurse ( pa9t+1 t  

city has s9ce produc$ ! mo/ exquisite   
specim5s 9 ! _w2 & ?is1 if ,i mi/ake n1 
is ! mo/ *>act]i/ic1 r>e1 & admirable   
advantage ( ! s*ool4 ,guido ,mazzoni1   
o!rwise ,pagan9i1 a "n highly celebrat$ 
by ,vas>i1 _h ! reputation ( an excell5t
 arti/ f ! "t he produc$ 8 ,holy        
,family1 at ,/4 ,m>gh]ita1 9 #adhd1     
pres5t+ /atues ( a vivacity & expression
 truly surpris+4 ,?is great artific] 0  
employ$ by ,*>les ,,viii41 bo? 9 ,naples
 & ,france1 :]e he rema9$ upw>ds ( tw5ty
 ye>s1 retir+ at l5g? into 8 native     
c\ntry1 full ( hon\rs1 to t]m9ate 8     
days4 ,no slight comm5dation has        
likewise be5 be/[$ by ! hi/orian        
,lancillotto1 ^u ,gio4 ,abati1 fa!r (   
,niccolo1 & 8 contempor>y1 ^: sacr$     
images 9 *alk 7 held 9 ! highe/ e/eem2 m
 p>ticul>ly ! crucifixions1 execut$ ) a 
k ( anatomy1 mo/ exact 9 e sep>ate ve9 &
 n]ve4 ,he 0 nev]!less f> surpass$ by   
,antonio ,beg>elli1 probably 8 pupil1 :o
 by 8 works 9 clay1 ) figures ev5 l>g]  
?an life1 has succe$$ 9 be>+ away ! palm

 f all 8 competitors4 ,9 ! *ur* &       
mona/]y ( ! ,padri ,b5$ett9i1 !re is    
pres]v$ a noble collection ( !m4 ,z he  
fl\ri%$ dur+ a long p]iod1 he fill$ ^?  
*ur*es ) monum5ts1 gr\ps1 & /atues1 to  
say no?+ ( o!rs :i* he produc$ 9 ,p>ma1 
,mantua1 & o!r places4 ,vas>i praises   
him = ! f9e air ( 8 heads1 beautiful    
drap]y1 exquisite proportions1 & col\r (
 m>ble2 & ! same au?or cont9ues to      
relate1 t !y appe>$ s excell5t to       
,bon>ruoti t he said1 if ?is clay 7 only
 to become m>ble1 woe betide ! anci5t   
/atues4 ,i am at a loss to imag9e :at   
species ( eulogy c\ld be m desirable to 
an arti/2 9 p>ticul> :5 we reflect ^u ! 
pr(\nd sci5ce ( ,bon>ruoti1 & h[ t>dy he
 0 to praise4 ,we ought n to omit to    
m5tion1 t ,beg>elli 0 likewise excell5t 
9 design1 & act$ z a ma/]1 bo? ( t &    
modell+1 9 ! in/ruction ( y\?4 ,h5ce he 
greatly influ5c$ ! art ( pa9t+1 & to him
 we are 9 a great measure to trace t    
correctness1 t relief1 t art ( =e%ort5+1
 & t degree ( grace approa*+ ne>ly to   

,raffaello's1 9 all ( :i* ?is "p (      
,lomb>dy boa/$ su* a conspicu\s %>e4    
,,mod5esse ,,s*ool4     ,,epo* ,,ii4    
,imitation ( ,raffaello & ,coreggio1 9 !
 ,sixte5?      ,c5tury4   ,su* 7 !      
prep>atory ef=ts ?r\gh\t all ^!         
di/ricts1 z f> z we h hi!rto consid]$   
!m3 b ! be/ prep>ation lay 9 ! natural  
tal5t ( ! "y arti/s4 ,( ^! we are told1 
^u ! au?ority ( ,tirabos*i1 t ! ,c>d4   
,aless&ro d',e/e obs]v$1 t !y appe>$ to 
h be5 born ) a natural g5ius = ! f9e    
arts3 an op9ion fully borne out dur+ !  
lapse ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 :5 if e       
prov9ce ( ,italy produc$ "s great "n 9  
pa9t+1 ?is little di/rict ( itself      
ab\nd$ ) a suffici5t numb] to reflect   
hon\r ^u a :ole k+dom4 ,i comm5ce my    
acc\nt f ! city ( ,mod5a2 no o!r city ( 
,lomb>dy e>li] appreciat$ ! /yle (      
,raffaello1 nor did any city ( all      
,italy become m deeply atta*$ to1 &     
produce m en?usia/ic imitators ( x4 ,i h
 already treat$ ( ,pellegr9o da ,mod5a1 
7vol4 ii4 p4 #aae7 call$ 9 ! ,*ronicle (

 ,lancillotti degli ,aretusi1 alias de' 
,mun>i4 ,he receiv$ 8 education 9 8     
native place1 & produc$ a picture !re z 
e>ly z #aeji1 /ill pres]v$ at ,s4       
,giovanni1 9 excell5t condition1 &      
cr$itable to ! tal5t ( its au?or1 ev5   
be=e he ent]$ ! s*ool ( ,raffaello4 ,b  
su* 0 "h 8 improvem5t1 t 8 ma/] avail$  
himself ( 8 assi/ance 9 adorn+ ! op5    
gall]ies ( ! ,vatican1 z well z 9 o!r   
works execut$ 9 ,rome1 sometimes along )
 ,p]9o del ,vaga1 & sometimes by        
himself4 ,sev]al ( 8 pieces at ,s4      
,giacomo degli ,spagnuoli boa/$ figures 
( su* a truly graceful & ,raffaellesque 
air1 accord+ to ! acc\nt ( ,titi1 t !   
mod]n ret\*es !y receiv$ 0 a circum/ance
 truly to be deplor$4 ,he is bett] kn[n 
9 8 own c\ntry ?an at ,rome1 9 p>ticul> 
at ,s4 ,paolo1 :]e !re rema9s a         
,nativity ( our ,"l :i* seems to brea!1 
9 e "p1 ! graces ( ,d',urb9o4 ,?is      
unhappy arti/ _h a son :o1 hav+ committ$
 homicide1 0 ?reat5$ ) ! v5geance ( !   
p>5ts ( ! deceas$2 & meet+ ) ! fa!r1 !y 

direct$ _! fury aga9/ him1 & slew him ^u
 ! spot1 a truly tragic ev5t1 :i*       
occurr$ 9 #aebc4 ,ano!r ( 8 sons1       
,tirabos*i conjectures to h be5 ,ces>e  
di ,pellegr9o ,aretusi1 ! same1 :o by _m
 writ]s is call$ ,mod5ese1 hav+ be5 born
 9 ,mod5a2 ,bolognese by o!rs1 because  
he liv$ 9 ,bologna1 & !re took up 8     
citiz5%ip4 ,?is arti/1 to :om we %all   
aga9 ref]1 =m$ 8 ta/e 9 ,bologna by     
copy+ ,bagnacavallo1 be+ unable to obta9
 ! in/ructions ( ,pellegr9o4 ,a ,giulio 
,t>as*i1 h[ev]1 0 m =tunate1 & b5efitt$ 
mu* by 8 in/ructions1 z appe>s f _m ( 8 
pa9t+s at ,s4 ,pietro1 9 ,mod5a1 9 !    
,roman ta/e2 a ta/e :i* he is said to h 
cultivat$ 9 two ( 8 bro!rs1 & transmitt$
 to o!rs ^: names w appe> z we proce$4  
,some:at lat]1 also1 ,coreggio began to 
af=d a new model = ! s*ool ( ,mod5a2 he 
:o is n[ held _! ma/]1 & ^: skull is    
pres]v$1 ^u ! example set by ,rome1     
7vol4 ii4 p4 #adc71 9 ! academy rec5tly 
op5$ ) s mu* spl5d\r4 ,he employ$       
himself a good deal 9 ,p>ma1 9 :i* s*ool

 we %all m decid$ly treat ( him1 ?\gh he
 also1 9 "s measure1 adorn$ ,mod5a1     
,reggio1 ,c>pi1 & ,coreggio2 draw+      
s*ol>s f all ^! places1 :o w appe> 9 a  
catalogue ) ! re/ 9 _! appropriate      
*apt]4 ,9 ?is way he e>ly began to      
ex]cise an influ5ce ov] ! s*ool (       
,mod5a1 & to be e/eem$ 9 x a sort (     
ma/]1 ^: mann] might be pursu$ )        
advantage1 ei!r 9 emulat+ x altoge!r1 or
 unit+ x ) t ( ,raffaello4  ,?is became 
m p>ticul>ly ! case :5 8 fame increas$1 
aft] 8 decease2 & :5 ! be/ specim5s he  
left beh9d him 7 collect$ by degrees1   
bo? f ! capital & f ! adjac5t cities1 by
 diff]5t dukes ( ,e/e1 to adorn _!      
,gall]y1 :]e !y 7 to be se5 until ne>ly 
! middle ( ! pres5t c5tury4#f ,at t     
p]iod ,mod5a 0 ?rong$ ) arti/s ( e      
c\ntry1 com+ to take copies ( ^? great  
productions1 & to /udy ! rules ( _!     
composition2 an object 9 :i* ! natives  
!mselves 7 n remiss2 insomu* t we trace 
ve/iges ( _! imitation 9 e sep>ate h&4  
,9 reg>d1 h[ev]1 to ! e>lie/ & m anci5t1

 x w\ld appe> t _! pr$ilection & _!     
g5ius 7 m decid$ly direct$ t[>ds        
,raffaello1 & ! ,roman mann]2 :e!r x be 
t exotic commodities are m highly valu$ 
?an ^? ( native gr[?1 or :e!r x 7 t !   
successors ( ,pellegr9o alone cont9u$ = 
a l5g? ( "t to in/ruct y\?1 & to ma9ta9 
a reputation 9 ^? p>ts4    ,footnote #f3
 ,francesco ,,iii4 dispos$ ( "o hundr$  
pictures to      ! c\rt ( ,dresd52 among
 :i* 7 five f ! h& (      ,coreggio1 =  
#acj1jjj ze*9s1 :i* 7 co9$ 9 ,v5ice4  ,x
 w\ld be desirable 9 ! hi/ory ( s       
excell5t a s*ool1 t writ]s %\ld in=m u  
by :om _m ( ^? ma/]s 7 educat$ :o       
fl\ri%$ t[>ds ! middle1 or latt] half ( 
! c5tury4 ,obs]vation1 h[ev]1 may 9 "s  
degree s]ve to supply ! omission (      
hi/orians1 z ! /yle 9 _m approa*es s    
ne>ly t ( ,raffaello1 z to lead u to    
conclude1 t !y mu/ h imbib$ x f ,mun>i  
himself1 or f ! ,t>as*i1 :o succe$$ him 
9 8 s*ool4  ,among ! works ( ,gasp>e    
,pagani1 :o 0 also a portrait-pa9t]1 !  
picture ( ,s4 ,*i>a is ! only rema9+    

specim54 ,( ,girolamo da ,vignola1 a few
 frescos rema9 at ,s4 ,pi]o4 ,bo? 7     
pr(ess$ imitators ( ,raffaello2 b ! la/ 
"o ( ! mo/ happy :om t age produc$4     
,alb]to ,fontana display$ equal         
excell5ce 9 8 frescos1 & ornam5t$ bo? )9
 & )\t ! public m>ket-place2 pictures1  
says ,scanelli1 :i* appe> l             
,raffaello's1 :ile he errone\sly        
ascribes !m to ! h& ( ,niccolo dell'    
,abate4 ,& 9 tru?1 f ! obs]vation (     
,v$riani1 ! /yle ( "o v mu* resembles t 
( ! o!r2 :e!r !y may h bo? equally      
imbib$ x f ,beg>elli1 :i* ! same        
hi/orian seems to ins9uate1 or :e!r !y  
d]iv$ x ?r\gh "s o!r *annel1 9 ! academy
 ( ,mun>i4 ,/ill ! similitude ( _! mann]
 is n su* z to m]ge _! m peculi>        
di/9ctions2 s t if ! heads ( ,alb]to's  
figures are rem>kable = a f9e air1 & =  
t9ts t rival ^? ( ,niccolo1 we c easily 
po9t out less p]fect design1 &          
occasionally a c]ta9 rud5ess & heav9ess4
 ,b let u turn to 8 competitor1 & dwell 
^u ! subject m at l5g?1 z becomes ! "* (

 a pa9t]1 enum]at$ by ,alg>otti among ! 
fir/ :o h adorn$ ! _w4  ,he is suppos$  
by "s to h be5 in/ruct$ by ,coreggio1 an
 ass]tion :i* _c :olly be discr$it$1 :5 
we ca/ our eye ^u "s in/ances ( 8       
=e%ort5+1 & ( 8 f9e relievo4 ,b ,vas>i  
no :]e m5tions su* a circum/ance2 & x is
 only on adv]t+ to ! ,m>tyrdom ( ! *iefs
 ( ! ,apo/les1 pa9t$ by him at ! ,monaci
 ,n]i1 t he rem>ks1 t ! figure ( an     
execution] is tak5 f a picture by       
,coreggio at ,s4 ,giovanni ( ,p>ma4     
,:oev] may h be5 ! tutor ( ,niccol9o1 he
 v evid5tly betrays 8 en?usiasm = !     
,roman ,s*ool1 9 8 frescos at ,mod5a1   
suppos$ to be "o ( 8 e>lie/ works4 ,!   
same might be av]r$ ( 8 twelve fresco   
pictures ^u ! twelve books ( ! ,a,eneid1
 remov$ f ! =tress ( ,c&iano1 & n[      
adorn+ ! ducal palace2 suffici5t (      
!mselves to exhibit him z an excell5t h&
 9 figures1 9 l&scape1 9 ar*itecture1 & 
9 animals2 9 e m]it requisite to a      
di/+ui%$ disciple ( ,raffaello4 ,proce$+
 at a matur] age to ,bologna1 he pa9t$  

"u ! portico ( ! ,lions1 a ,nativity (  
our ,"l1 9 su* a mann] t nei!r 9 ^? (   
,raffaell9o del ,borgo1 nor ( any o!r   
arti/ educat$ 9 ,rome1 d ,i recollect   
meet+ ) s decid$ a resemblance to ! head
 ( ! s*ool4 ,i "k t a di/+ui%$ pr(essor 
0 9 ! habit ( pron\nc+ x ! mo/ p]fect   
pa9t+ 9 fresco t ! city ( ,bologna      
possess$4 ,x =m$ likewise ! admiration &
 model ( ! ,c>acci1 no less ?an o!r     
works ( ,niccol9o1 rema9+ 9 ! city4     
,among ^!1 ! mo/ admir$ by /rang]s1 is t
 f9e ,conv]sazione ( ladies & y\?s1 :i* 
s]ves = a frieze 9 ! hall ( ! ,in/itute4
 ,next to ,raffaello ?is arti/ did n    
refuse to imitate "s o!rs4 ,!re is      
record$1 & inde$ impress$ ^u ! memory ( 
mo/ pa9t]s1 a sonnet ( ,ago/9o ,c>acci1 
f :i* we le>n1 t 9 ,niccol9o alone 0    
assembl$ ! symmetry ( ,raffaello1 !     
t]ror ( ,mi*elangiolo1 ! tru? ( ,titian1
 ! dignity ( ,coreggio1 ! composition ( 
,tibaldi1 ! grace ( ,p>migian9o2 9 a ^w1
 ! be/ ( e be/ pr(essor1 & ( e s*ool4   
,su* an op9ion1 ?\gh to be tak5 ) "s    

gra9s ( all[ance1 f a poet passionately 
atta*$ to ! hon\r ( 8 native s*ool1     
might p]haps obta9 m support]s1 did !   
pieces ( ,abati appe> some:at m         
frequ5tly 9 diff]5t collections4 ,b !y  
are extremely r>e2 no less because ( !  
sup]ior numb] ( 8 frescos1 ?an f !      
circum/ance ( 8 hav+ pass$ into ,france 
at ! age ( =ty4 ,he 0 invit$ ?i!r by !  
,abate ,primaticcio to assi/ him 9 "s ( 
8 greate/ works1 int5d$ = ,*>les ,,ix41 
nor did he ev] return into ,italy4 ,h5ce
 arose ! /ory ( 8 hav+ be5 a pupil (    
,primaticcio1 & tak+ f him 8 cognom5 (  
,abate2 :5 9 fact he drew t title f 8   
own family4 ,ab\t #agdj !re 7 rema9+ at 
,fonta9ebleau ! ,hi/ories ( ,ulysses1 to
 ! numb] ( ?irty-eight1 pa9t$ by        
,niccolo f designs ( ,primaticcio2 ! mo/
 ext5sive ( any ( 8 works execut$ 9     
,france4 ,accord+ to ,alg>otti1 x 0     
aft]w>ds de/roy$1 ?\gh engrav+s ( x1 f !
 h& ( ,van-,?uld51 a pupil ( ,rub5s1    
/ill rema94  ,niccolo's family1 also1 = 
a long p]iod1 cont9u$ to ma9ta9 a       

reputation 9 _m bran*es ( ! art4 ,"o ( 8
 bro!rs1 ,pietro ,paolo1 di/+ui%$       
himself by 8 happy mann] ( repres5t+    
w>like skirmi%es1 9 p>ticul> ! t]rific  
*>ges ( horse3 sev]al small pictures 9 !
 ducal gall]y1 f _! peculi> "*1 are ?us 
ascrib$ to 8 h&2 & !y are to be se5     
plac$ imm$iately bel[ ^? ( ! ,a,eneid4  
,9 ! *ronicle ( ,lancillotto we meet )  
,giulio ,camillo1 son ( ,niccolo1 :o    
accompani$ 8 fa!r into ,france2 8 "n ?us
 rema9+ ne>ly unkn[n 9 ,italy4 ,! mo/   
di/+ui%$ "n 9 ! family aft] ,niccolo1 is
 t ( ,ercole1 son ( ,giulio1 ?\gh its   
lu/re 0 impair$ by an ab&on$ c\rse (    
life1 productive ( great unhapp9ess4 ,he
 pa9t$ a good deal2 b1 z is too         
frequ5tly ! case ) p]sons ( 8 "*1 he    
dim9i%$ ! value ( 8 productions by !    
ha/e & inaccuracy ( 8 h&4 ,( 8 sup]ior  
m]it1 h[ev]1 we are assur$ by ! numb] ( 
commissions be/[$ ^u him by ! ,mod5ese  
c\rt1 to :i* we are incl9$ to give m    
cr$it ?an to ! v5al /ra9s ( ,m>9o1 :o   
extols him to ! skies4 ,8 picture ( !   

m>riage ( ,cana1 rema9+ 9 ! ducal       
gall]y1 w\ld be suffici5t to e/abli% 8  
fame2 x is 9 8 f9e/ mann]1 &1 9 _m      
po9ts1 displays mu* ( ! ta/e ( !        
,v5etian ,s*ool4 ,8 mo/ ext5sive "w 0   
produc$ = ! hall ( c\ncil1 :]e he _h a  
companion & rival 9 ,s*$one1 assi/+ him 
9 ^? pictures :i* !y und]took 9         
conjunction1 & vie+ ) him 9 8 sep>ate   
works4 ,nor ought x to be e/eem$ any    
dim9ution ( 8 m]it to h be5 surpass$ by 
s great a competitor4 ,! la/ ( ^! family
 arti/s is ,pietro ,paolo1 son (        
,ercole1 :o di$ 9 8 eight & ?irtie? ye>1
 #afcj4 ,i include 8 "n "h1 9 ord] n to 
sep>ate him f 8 ance/ors1 ( none ( :om  
he 0 unwor?y4 ,?\gh h>dly ) equal g5ius1
 he pursu$ ! mann] ( 8 fa!r2 !re is a   
tame expression 9 sev]al ( 8 be/        
au!nticat$ pieces3 ,i say be/           
au!nticat$1 because x is d\btful :e!r we
 %\ld consid] "s pictures1 attribut$ to 
him1 z ! inf]ior specim5s ( 8 fa!r1 or !
 be/ ( 8 own4  ,besides ! disciples &   
imitators ( ,raffaello1 ,i f9d o!r      

arti/s ( ,mod5a1 :o1 dur+ ! sixte5?     
c5tury1 became atta*$ to a diff]5t /yle2
 & no "o among ^! is to be pref]r$ to   
,ercole de' ,setti1 an excell5t engrav]1
 z well z a pa9t] ( consid]able m]it4 ,a
 few ( 8 alt>-pieces rema9 at ,mod5a2 & 
,i h se51 ?\gh v r>ely1 "s little pieces
 pa9t$ = gall]ies1 dignifi$ r ?an       
beautiful 9 po9t ( design4 ,he is       
cauti\s & /udi$ 9 ! nak$ p>ts1 ne>ly    
equal to ! /yle ( ! ,flor5t9es1 spirit$ 
9 8 attitudes1 & /rong 9 8 col\r+4 ,we  
f9d 8 "n subscrib$ ,ercole de' ,setti1 &
 also 9 ,lat91 ,h]cules ,septimius4     
,along ) 8 "n ,v$riani enum]ates t ( a  
,francesco ,madonn9a1 entitl+ him "o ( !
 mo/ celebrat$ arti/s 9 ! city2 b !re is
 too little ( 8 rema9+ 9 ,mod5a to =m a 
judgm5t ( 8 /yle4 ,z little also rema9s 
( ,giovanni ,batti/a ,+oni1 a rival (   
,niccolo1 z he is t]m$ by ,vas>i2 & :at 
yet exi/s is by no means to be held 9   
high e/imation4 ,i h discov]$ no?+ f !  
h& ( ,gio4 ,bati/a ,codibue1 ?\gh ,i h  
read ( 8 ,nunziata at ! ,c>m9e be+      

highly e/eem$1 besides o!r productions  
bo? 9 pa9t+ & sculpture4 ,high          
comm5dations h likewise be5 be/[$ ^u    
,dom5ico ,c>nevale = 8 frescos1 t h n[  
p]i%$1 ?\gh a few oil pa9t+s /ill exi/1 
held 9 mu* e/eem2 "o ( ! ,epiphany1     
belong+ to "o ( ! pr9ce's collections1 &
 ano!r ( ! ,circumcision1 9 ! palace ( !
 ,conti ,cesi4 ,he also di/+ui%$ himself
 at ,rome2 & x w be suffici5t to add1 t 
he 0 ! arti/ select$ to re/ore !        
pictures ( ,mi*elangiolo1 z we f9d      
record$ 9 ! notes to ,vas>i4  ,reggio   
boa/s ! hon\r ( hav+ d]iv$ its fir/     
s*ool f ,raffaello2 & ,b]n>d9o ,zac*etti
 is suppos$ to h be5 "o ( 8 disciples1  
?\gh ! au?orities cit$ to ?is effect by 
mo/ hi/orians1 are n entirely           
conclusive4 ,p]haps 8 picture at ,s4    
,prosp]o1 design$ & col\r$ 9 ! ta/e (   
,g>(olo1 & o!rs :i* p>take ( t (        
,raffaello1 may h giv5 rise to ?is      
op9ion4 ,b ,italy !n ab\nd$ ) !         
disciples ( t great ma/]1 no long]      
in/ruct$1 inde$1 by 8 voice1 b by 8     

pa9t+s & engrav+s4 ,! works1 said to h  
be5 produc$ by him 9 ,rome1 & !         
assi/ance af=d$ to ,bon>ruoti1 9 8      
lab\rs at ! ,si/9e ,*apel1 are ass]tions
 ( ,azz>i1 conta9$ 9 8 ,comp5dio1 :i*   
rema9 unque/ion$ by any anci5t writ]4   
,we might m easily1 h[ev]1 grant him !  
proposition ( ,gi>ola hav+ be5 a pupil (
 ,coreggio1 & z su* ,i h res]v$ him = ! 
s*ool ( ,p>ma4  ,n long aft] ^! fl\ri%$ 
,lelio ,orsi1 ( ,reggio4 ,bani%$ f 8    
native place1 he took up 8 resid5ce at  
,novell>a1 a city !n 9 ! possession ( ! 
,gonzaghi1 :]e he e/abli%$ himself1 &   
d]iv$ 8 "n ( ,lelio da ,novell>a4 ,?is  
di/+ui%$ "*1 ( :om no acc\nt _h be5     
giv51 beyond a slight notice 9 !        
,abbec$>io1 has rec5tly be5 hon\r$ ) an 
excell5t life1 f ! p5 ( ! ,cavali]      
,tirabos*i1 compil$ f a v>iety ( s\rces4
 ,:e!r he 0 really a disciple (         
,coreggio /ill rema9s a disput$ po9t )  
hi/orians1 ?\gh x is c]ta9 he fl\ri%$   
suffici5tly ne>1 bo? 9 reg>d to "t &    
place1 to h become acqua9t$ ) him4 ,he1 

at lea/1 /udi$ & copi$ 8 works1 ( :i*   
!re is an in/ance 9 a copy ( ! celebrat$
 ,notte1 9 possession ( ! noble h\se (  
,gazzola1 at ,v]ona4 ,nor are !re want+ 
writ]s :o ma9ta9 t ,p>ma1 likewise1 0   
embelli%$ by 8 h&1 a city 9 :i* ! *ief  
ornam5ts ( t s*ool employ$ !mselves4 ,& 
!re are false acc\nts1 /ill 9 "s measure
 cr$it$1 ( 8 hav+ be5 a pupil (         
,mi*elangiolo2 ( ,coreggio hav+         
correspond$ ) him1 & ev5 consult$ him 9 
8 designs4 ,x is true1 inde$1 he is an  
+5i\s1 accurate1 & p[]ful design]4 ,:e!r
 he imbib$ 8 ta/e at ,rome1 z           
,tirabos*i1 ^u ! au?ority ( a ,,ms41    
seems to believe2 or f ,giulio 9 ! city 
( ,mantua2 or1 aga91 f /udy+ ! designs &
 models ( ,mi*elangiolo2 a k ( ! pa? be+
 itself suffici5t to enable enlight5$   
spirits to run ! same c>e] ) success4   
,decid$ly 8 design is n ( ! ,lomb>d     
,s*ool2 & h5ce arises ! difficulty (    
suppos+ him "o ( ! s*ol>s ( ,coreggio1 9
 :i* case 8 e>li] pieces1 at lea/1 w\ld 
h p>tak5 ( a less robu/ "*4 ,he has     

admirably succe$$1 h[ev]1 9 atta9+ !    
same grace 9 8 *i>oscuro1 9 ! spread+ ( 
8 col\rs1 & 9 ! beauty & delicacy ( 8   
y\?ful heads4 ,bo? ,reggio & ,novell>a  
possess _m ( 8 pictures 9 fresco1 n[1 = 
! mo/ "p1 p]i%$2 & we are indebt$ to !  
glori\s memory ( ,francesco ,,iii4 = su*
 z are n[ to be se5 at ,mod5a1 9 !      
palace ( 8 highness1 transf]r$ ?i!r f ! 
=tress ( ,novell>a4 ,few ( 8 alt>-pieces
 rema9 9 public 9 ei!r ( ! cities1 ! re/
 be+ remov$2 "o ( :i* la/1 repres5t+ !  
,sa9ts ,rocco & ,seba/iano1 along ) ,s4 
,giobbe1 ,i happ5$ to meet ) 9 ! /udio (
 ,signor ,armanno1 at ,bologna4 ,a few  
o!rs attribut$ to him at ,p>ma1#g at    
,ancona1 & at ,mantua1 are by no means (
 s au!ntic a "*2 & !re is e reason to   
believe t ,lelio1 divid+ 8 "t betwe5    
,reggio & ,novell>a1 nev] abs5t$ himself
 f ^? places long toge!r2 & has ?us     
rema9$ less kn[n ?an _m o!r pa9t]s (    
inf]ior rank4 ,! sil5ce ( ,vas>i1 (     
,lomazzo1 ( ,bald9ucci1 z well z ! *ief 
"p ( =eign]s1 is ?us likewise acc\nt$ =4

    ,footnote #g3 ,see ,fa!r ,affo1 pp4 
#bg-abd4  ,f ! s*ool ( ,lelio1 9 all    
probability1 sprung ,jacopo ,borbone1 ( 
,novell>a1 :o1 9 ! ye> #afad1 pa9t$ a   
portion ( ! cloi/] at ! *ur* ( !        
,oss]vanti1 9 ,mantua2 also1 ,orazio    
,p]ucci1 ( :om !re rema9 v>i\s pictures 
9 private h\ses1 & an alt>-piece at ,s4 
,giovanni4 ,raffaello ,motta 0 und\bt$ly
 a pupil ( ,orsi1 bett] kn[n "u ! "n (  
,raffaell9o da ,reggio1 :o left 9 8     
native place a few ( 8 productions 9    
fresco2 an a/oni%+ g5ius1 des]v+ ( ,rome
 = 8 !atre ( action1 z inde$ ,i be=e    
obs]v$1 & ( be+ lam5t$ l a new          
,raffaello1 prematurely pass+ away4  ,at
 ?is p]iod ,c>pi _h to boa/ ! "n (      
,orazio ,grill5zone1 :o resid$ mo/ly 9  
,f]r>a1 :]e enjoy+ ! acqua9tance (      
,tasso1 he 0 hon\r$ & immortaliz$ by 8  
p51 be+ r5d]$ ! subject ( t dialogue1   
be>+ = its title1 ,il ,grill5zone1 or ! 
,epitaph4 ,b none ( 8 pa9t+s are n[ to  
be f\nd 9 t city2 & ev5 :at rema9s ( 8 9
 ,c>pi is ( a v disputable "*4 ,i d n "h

 speak ( ! celebrat$ ,girolamo ( ,c>pi2 
because he 0 9 fact a native ( ,f]r>a1 z
 ,i else:]e obs]v$4 ,!re is little to be
 said ( ,ugo da ,c>pi1 z a pa9t]3 he 0 (
 an inf]ior g5ius :5 he appli$ himself  
to 8 p5cil2 & fell /ill fur!r bel[      
m$iocrity :5 he became :imsical en\gh to
 pa9t ) 8 f+]s1 record+ ! exploit ^u !  
canvass1 z he did 9 ! figure ( ! ,volto 
,santo1 ! ,holy ,face1 at ,s4 ,pietro1 9
 ,rome4 ,/ill we ought to be> hon\rable 
te/imony to 8 m]it1 z ! inv5tor ( wood  
engrav+ 9 two1 & next 9 ?ree blocks1 or 
pieces1 by :i* he express$ ! ?ree       
diff]5t t9ts1 ! %ade1 ! middle t9ts1 & !
 light4#h ,9 ?is way he produc$ _m      
designs & inv5tions ( ,raffaello1 )     
great] cle>ness ?an ev5 ,m>c ,antonio _h
 be=e done2 besides op5+ to po/]ity a   
new pa?1 z x 71 ( pa9t+ 9 *i>oscuro1 v  
easily imitat$ & multipli$4 ,vas>i      
p>ticul>ly treats ^u x at ! close ( 8   
,introduction2 & !re1 no less ?an 9 o!r 
places1 comm5ds ! g5ius ( ,ugo z "o ( ! 
mo/ acute t 0 ev] direct$ t[>ds ! f9e   

arts4    ,footnote #h3 ,! ,g]mans claim 
! inv5tion ( ! art (      engrav+ 9     
wood1 9 *i>oscuro1 be=e ,ugo ann\nc$ x  
to ! ,italians4 ,= ?is1 !y produce !    
c>ds ( ,gio4      ,uld]ico ,pilgrim1    
:i*1 al?\gh ,go?ic1 obs]ves ,hub]1      
7p4 #hi7 produce an admirable effect 9  
reg>d to      *i>oscuro4 ,!y make out ! 
inv5tor to be v anci5t1      enum]at+   
,mair & o!rs1 equally celebrat$ at !    
same      p]iod4 ,we are told no?+1     
h[ev]1 9 reg>d to _!      me*anism1 :i* 
0 probably n ! same z t ( ,ugo4       ,x
 w n "h be ?\ght irrelevant to record ! 
new      me?od ( engrav+ 9 ! ,dut*      
mann]1 9 imitation (      col\r$        
designs1 ?\gh n execut$ by process (    
wood1      b ( copp]4 ,x has be5        
introduc$ into ,tuscany1 ?r\gh      !   
ef=ts ( ! di/+ui%$ ,cosimo ,rossi1 a    
g5tleman      ( ,pi/oia1 & vice-presid5t
 ( ! academy4 ,aft] v>i\s               
exp]im5ts1 & mak+ ! fir/ trials ^u "s   
repres5tations ( tombs1 9 ! solid       
,egyptian /yle ( 8      own inv5tion1 x 

soon became also imitat$ 9 o!r modes    
( engrav+1 & m especially 9 ! ,viaggio  
,pittorico      ( ,traballesi4 ,x 7     
desirable t ! be=e-m5tion$      g5tleman
 %\ld cont9ue to apply ! same 9 works ( 
ar*itecture & p]spective2 9 :i* he      
succe$s admirably      also ) 8 p5cil1 v
 happily emulat+ ! /yle (               
,canaletto4 ,! me?od ought to be expla9$
 v m9utely2      b x is bo? too         
complicate & too ext5sive to be         
adapt$ to ! degree ( brevity we h b\nd  
ourselves to      obs]ve ^u simil>      
subjects4     ,,mod5ese ,,s*ool4        
,,epo* ,,iii4       ,! ,mod5ese ,arti/s 
( ! ,sev5te5? ,c5tury *iefly      foll[ 
! example ( ! ,bolognese4   ,! ta/e     
introduc$ by ,mun>i into ,mod5a & !     
/ate1 toge!r ) ! example ( ,coreggio &  
,lelio1 did n become :olly ext9ct 9 !   
sev5te5? c5tury4 ,x 0 9 "s measure      
cont9u$ by sev]al ( _! pupils &         
imitators1 b 9 proportion z ^? ( !      
,c>acci grew into great] cr$it1         
gradually ext5d+ _! influ5ce ov] ! o!r  

s*ools ( ,italy1 x began to decl9e      
apace4 ,x is well kn[n t "s ( ! ,mod5ese
 frequ5t$ _! academy1 & ,b>tolommeo     
,s*$one is includ$ by ,malvasia among ! 
s*ol>s ( ! ,c>acci4 ,if su* be ! fact1  
we mu/ conclude1 ei!r t 8 fir/          
productions are n kn[n1 or t he m]ely   
salut$ t s*ool1 z x 71 f ! ?re%old2     
inasmu* z ! l>g] works :i* are po9t$ out
 z 81 betray few traces ( ! /yle ( !    
,c>acci4 ,x seems m probable t he       
employ$ himself 9 foll[+ ! successors ( 
,raffaello 9 8 native place1 & 9        
p>ticul> ,coreggio1 ( :om !re rema9$ s  
_m orig9al pieces4 ,8 pieces 9 fresco1  
execut$ 9 competition ) ,ercole ,abati1 
ab\t #afjd1 /ill exi/ 9 ! public palace2
 & among ^! is ! beautiful hi/ory (     
,coriolanus1 & ! ,sev5 ,si/]s1 :o are   
meant to repres5t ,h>mony3 :oev] obs]ves
 ^! w f9d !y possess a mixture ( ! two  
*>act]s be=e allud$ to4 ,!re is1        
moreov]1 9 ! ca!dral1 a half figure (   
,s4 ,gem9iano1 ) an infant boy re/or$ by
 him to life1 support+ himself by !     

sa9t's /aff1 & app>5tly return+ 8 ?anks4
 ,x may be enum]at$ among ! be/ ( 8     
works1 & be>s a /rik+ resemblance to ^? 
( ,coreggio4 ,! same resemblance 0      
affirm$ f t p]iod 9 o!r ( 8 pictures    
transf]r$ else:]e2 & ,m>9i m5tions !m 9 
"o ( 8 lett]s z a k9d ( ph5om5on4       
,scanelli1 :o wrote ab\t =ty ye>s aft] !
 dea? ( ,s*$one1 also confirms su* an   
op9ion2 ?\gh to make ! imitation        
complete1 he w\ld h wi%$ a little m     
practice & solidity1 9 :i* ,i r ?9k he  
alludes to 8 p]spective & design1 n     
always q correct4 ,= ! re/ 8 figures1   
bo? 9 _! "* & _! action1 are v pleas+1  
:ile 8 col\r+ 9 fresco is v vivid &     
lively2 9 oils he is m s]i\s1 b m       
h>moni\s1 ?\gh n always free f ! ill    
effect produc$ by ! bad gr\nds usual 9 !
 age ( ! ,c>acci4 ,8 pictures on a l>g] 
scale1 su* z 8 ,pieta1 n[ 9 ! academy ( 
,p>ma1 are extremely r>e1 & also 8      
hi/ory-pieces1 z ! ,nativity ( our ,"l &
 t ( ! ,virg91 plac$ = lat]al ornam5ts  
to an alt>-piece by ,filippo ,bell9i4 ,(

 8 ,holy ,families1 & little sacr$      
pieces1 !re are "s rema9+2 su* z are    
f\nd 9 gall]ies be+ highly valuable1 s  
mu* s1 t ,tirabos*i records ! sum (     
#d1jjj cr[ns hav+ be5 requir$ = "o ( !m4
 ,! c\rt ( ,naples is extremely ri* 9   
!m1 hav+1 toge!r ) ! o!r ,f>nesian      
pictures1 obta9$ also ^? pa9t$ by       
,s*$one1 :ile 9 ! s]vice ( ,duke        
,ranuccio1 8 mo/ lib]al patron4 ,?is    
arti/ produc$ b little1 be+ s$uc$ by !  
love ( gambl+2 nor did he survive v long
 aft] los+ a l>ge sum ( money1 ab\t !   
end ( ! ye> #afae4  ,! ?ree foll[+ names
 belong to ! s*ool ( ! ,c>acci1 also 9  
reg>d to /yle4 ,giacomo ,cav$one1 born 9
 ,sassuolo1 b abs5t f ! /ate aft] !     
p]iod ( y\?1 0 e/eem$ "o ( ! be/        
disciples ( ,lodovico4 ,giulio ,sec*i>i1
 ( ,mod5a1 resid$ also at ,rome1 & 9    
,mantua1 :]e he produc$ sev]al excell5t 
pictures = ! c\rt1 :i* p]i%$ 9 ! sack ( 
#afcj4 ,:at rema9s ( him 9 8 native     
place1 & 9 p>ticul> ! ,dea? ( ! ,virg91 
9 ! subt]ranean "p ( ! ca!dral1 ) f\r   

cr[ns ar\nd1 is calculat$ to give rise  
to lively regret1 t ,giulio %\ld n be   
equally well kn[n 9 diff]5t collections1
 ) ! o!r disciples ( ! ,c>acci4 ,camillo
 ,gavassetti1 likewise ( ,mod5a1 may    
boa/ also ( a great] degree ( m]it ?an (
 fame2 no less because he di$ "y1 ?an   
because ( 8 atta*+ himself to works 9   
fresco1 :i*1 conf9$ to ! place 9 :i* !y 
are produc$1 conf9e also ! reputation ( 
! arti/4 ,he is bett] kn[n 9 ,piac5za   
?an 9 ,mod5a1 ,p>ma1 or1 inde$1 any o!r 
city4 ,"o ( 8 pa9t+s adorns ! presbyt]y 
( ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,anton9o1 accompani$ )   
figures tak5 f ! ,apocalypse1 s f9ely   
execut$ z to induce ,gu]c9o1 :5 com+ to 
,piac5za to complete 8 f9e/ "w1 to be/[ 
! highe/ comm5dation ^u x2 & x is /ill  
enum]at$ among ! *ief ornam5ts ( t ri* &
 ornate city4 ,!re is some?+ s gr&1     
spirit$1 & *oice1 9 its :ole expression1
 comb9$ ) s mu* grace & h>mony ( t9ts1 t
 x equally surprises u :5 view$ toge!r1 
& satisfies u :5 exam9$ "p by "p4 ,!    
action only is sometimes too            

extravagant1 & "s ( ! figures are h>dly 
suffici5tly /udi$4 ,9 fact1 ?is arti/   
pref]r$ exp$ition to high f9i%2 & held a
 dispute1 report$ by ,bald9ucci1 )      
,ti>9i1 :o practis$ & ma9ta9$ ! contr>y1
 a plan by :i*1 9 all works (           
importance1 he 0 pref]r$ to him 9 ,p>ma4
 ,9 ,santa ,m>ia di ,campagna1 at       
,piac5za1 h[ev]1 :]e !y bo? pa9t$       
scriptural hi/ories 9 opposition1       
,gavassetti ma9ta9s 8 gr\nd aga9/       
,ti>9i1 & o!r competitors1 v num]\s &   
di/+ui%$ = t p]iod4  ,:5 ! pupils ( !   
,c>acci succe$$ _! ma/]s 9 ,bologna1 !  
"y arti/s ( ! neighb\r+ /ate ( ,mod5a   
cont9u$ to receive in/ructions f !m1 be+
 highly e/eem$ 9 ! c\rt ( ,e/e4 ,at t   
p]iod fl\ri%$ ,francesco ,i41 & ,alfonso
 ,,iv41 bo? ( :om1 accord+ to ! hi/ory (
 ,malvasia1 7 greatly atta*$ to !       
foll[]s ( ! ,c>acci2 "s ( ^! !y invit$  
into _! s]vice1 o!rs !y employ$ 9 _!    
palaces1 & at _! public fe/ivals2 & f   
all !y 7 anxi\s to obta9 designs &      
pictures :i* !y might exhibit 9 _!      

*ur*es1 or 9 _! gr& collection ( pa9t+s1
 r5d]$ by _! means "o ( ! ri*e/ 9       
,europe4 ,h5ce ! arti/s :o next foll[1 )
 ! exception ( a v few1 among :om is    
,romani ( ,reggio1 w be includ$ 9 "o    
s*ool4 ,x seems c]ta9 t ,romani /udi$ 9 
,v5ice1 & !re became atta*$ to ,paolo1  
^: /yle he adopt$ 9 ! ,my/]ies ( !      
,ros>io2 & ev5 m s to ,t9toretto1 ^:    
rules he usually practis$1 & v          
successfully4  ,guido ,r5i 0 ei!r ! ma/]
 or ! prototype ( ,gio4 ,bati/a ,pes>i2 
if ?is arti/1 :o resembles ,guido 9 8   
,madonna at ,s4 ,paolo1 imitat$ him z   
closely 9 8 o!r works4 ,b ( ?is we _c   
judge1 z he fl\ri%$ only dur+ a %ort    
p]iod1 & "p ( t "t 9 ,v5ice1 :]e he di$ 
be=e enjoy+ any degree ( fame4 ,guido   
himself und\bt$ly be/[$ 8 in/ructions on
 ,luca da ,reggio1 & on ,b]n>do ,c]vi da
 ,mod5a4 ,luca ,i h m5tion$ 9 ! prec$+  
book4 ,! second accord+ to ! judgm5t (  
,guido1 0 possess$ ( di/+ui%$ tal5ts =  
design2 & ?\gh meet+ ) a premature fate 
9 ! pe/il5ce ( #afcj1 he left beh9d him 

works 9 ! ca!dral1 & o!r *ur*es1 n      
inf]ior1 p]haps1 to ^? ( ,luca4 ,f !    
same s*ool sprung ,giovanni ,b\lang]1 ( 
,troyes1 pa9t] to ! c\rt ( ,mod5a1 &    
ma/] 9 t city4 ,we f9d1 9 ! ducal       
palace1 v>i\s specim5s ( 8 p5cil truly  
delicate1 ?\gh 8 want ( good gr\nds 9 _m
 pictures1 occasionally ca/s "s         
reflection ^u 8 m]it4 ,he is happy 9 8  
inv5tions1 w>m & h>moni\s 9 8 col\rs1   
spirit$ 9 8 attitudes1 b n )\t "s t\* ( 
excessive en?usiasm4 ,! sacrifice (     
,iphig5ia1 if a g5u9e production1 is    
suffici5t to e/abli% 8 "*2 al?\gh !     
figure ( ,agamemnon may appe> veil$ 9 a 
caprici\s /yle1 sc>cely adapt$ to an    
h]oic subject4 ,two ( 8 be/ imitators & 
disciples are ,tommaso ,co/a1 (         
,sassuolo1 & ,sigismondo ,caula1 (      
,mod5a2 ! fir/ ( :om succe$$ z a p[]ful 
col\ri/1 ( v g5]al tal5t1 & 0 eag]ly    
employ$ by ! neighb\r+ c\rts & cities 9 
p]spective1 9 l&scape1 & 9 figures4     
,reggio1 :]e he usually resid$1 reta9s  
_m ( 8 productions3 ,mod5a has sev]al1 &

 9 p>ticul> ! cupola ( ,s4 ,v9c5zo be>s 
pr\d te/imony to 8 m]it4 ,caula left 8  
native place1 only 9 ord] to improve 8 k
 9 ,v5ice4 ,!nce he return$ ) !         
acquisition ( a copi\s & ri*ly col\r$   
/yle1 z ,orl&i v ju/ly rem>ks1 9 reg>d  
to 8 great picture ( ! ,plague1 at ,s4  
,c>lo4 ,he subsequ5tly *ang$ 8 t9ts1 :i*
 became m languid1 & 9 su* ta/e are mo/ 
( ! pictures he produc$ = ! ornam5t (   
alt>s & cab9ets4  ,_m arti/s ( ,reggio 7
 initiat$ 9 ! art by ,lionello ,spada1 &
 by ,desani1 8 pupil1 & assi/ant 9 !    
num]\s lab\rs he execut$ at t place4    
,among ^! are ,seba/iano ,v]cellesi1    
,pietro ,m>tire ,armani1 & 9 p>ticul>   
,orazio ,talami1 :o1 n cont5t1 l ! re/1 
to rema9 9 8 native place1 trav]s$      
,italy1 /udi$ ) unwe>i$ c>e ! models ( !
 ,c>acci1 & succe$$ s well 9 8 figures1 
t he might be mi/ak5 = "o ( _! s*ol>s4  
,:ile at ,rome1 :i* he twice visit$1 he 
devot$ himself mu* to p]spective1 & v   
scrupul\sly obs]ves its rules 9 ! noble 
& ext5sive repres5tations ( ar*itectural

 objects1 :i* he introduc$ into 8       
compositions4 ,9 all respects 8 /yle is 
incl9$ r to solidity ?an to am5ity4 ,8  
native place boa/s _m ( 8 lab\rs1 & m   
especially two l>ge pictures ab\nd+ 9   
figures1 pres]v$ 9 ! presbyt]y ( !      
ca!dral4 ,jacopo ,bacc>9i 0 an imitator 
( 8 /yle1 two ( ^: pictures h be5       
engrav$ by ,buonvic9i2 a ,riposo di     
,egitto1 & a ,s4 ,alessio ,morto1 bo? ( 
:i* are to be se5 at ,s4 ,filippo4 ,?is 
arti/'s mann] displays mu* judgm5t1     
accompani$ ) a good deal ( grace4       
,mattia ,b5$etti1 a prie/ ( ,reggio1    
comm5d$ 9 ! ,abbec$>io1 0 in/ruct$ 9 !  
art ( p]spective by ,talami himself1 &1 
toge!r ) 8 bro!r ,lodovico1 occupies an 
hon\rable place 9 ?is class4 ,paolo     
,emilio ,bes5zi1 a p>ticul> imitator (  
,albano1 ei!r f natural ta/e or         
education1 diff]s a good deal 9 ! =m] f 
,lionello4 ,reggio reta9s _m pieces1    
especially at ,s4 ,pietro1 highly       
cr$itable to ?is arti/'s tal5ts2 besides
 /atues & build+s 9 v good ta/e2 z he   

succe$$ 9 unit+1 l "s ( ! be/ among !   
anci5ts1 ! v>i\s qualities ( ! ?ree si/]
 arts4  ,gu]c9o1 likewise1 pres5t$ !    
/ate ) an excell5t s*ol> 9 ,antonio     
,triva di ,reggio4 ,he di/+ui%$ himself 
9 v>i\s cities ( ,italy1 & ev5 9 ,v5ice1
 :i!r he conduct$ 8 si/] ,flamm9ia1 :o  
possess$ a g5ius = ! art4 ,"h !y bo?    
employ$ !mselves 9 sev]al public works1 
:i* acquir$ = !m ! comm5dation (        
,bos*9i4 ,occasionally he adh]es s      
fai?fully to 8 ma/]1 z 9 ! ,orto at     
,piac5za1 z n ev5 to yield to ,ces>e    
,g5n>i4 ,9 o!r pieces he is m free2 ?\gh
 /ill 8 mann] reta9s /rong traces ( 8   
s*ool1 really beautiful1 z x is pron\nc$
 by ,zanetti1 &1 if ,i mi/ake n1 full ( 
tru?4 ,he f9ally visit$ ! c\rt (        
,bav>ia1 :]e he 0 employ$ until ! p]iod 
( 8 dea?4  ,to ,gu]c9o1 also1 we mu/    
ref] ano!r imitator ( 8 /yle1 9         
,lodovico ,lana4 ,he 0 in/ruct$1 h[ev]1 
by ,sc>sell9i1 & f t circum/ance1 has   
be5 enum]at$ by "s among ! arti/s (     
,f]r>a4 ,b ,lana1 mo/ likely1 0 born 9 !

 /ate ( ,mod5a1 9 ^: city he resid$ &   
held 8 s*ool4 ,8 reputation !re is      
great1 z well on acc\nt ( _m v beautiful
 pieces1 z m p>ticul>ly = t 9 ! ,*iesa  
del ,voto1 9 :i* he repres5t$ ,mod5a    
fre$ f ! sc\rge ( ! plague4 ,x is       
g5]ally agre$ t he nev] produc$ a f9]   
specim5 ( 8 art1 & !re are few1 at ?is  
"t1 9 ^? *ur*es1 t c be said to rival x 
9 po9t ( composition1 9 =ce ( col\r+1   
h>mony1 & a c]ta9 novelty & abundance ( 
images1 t produce surprise 9 !          
spectator4 ,lana is "o ( ! free/ among !
 imitators ( ,gu]c9o2 8 t\* is ! same1  
?\gh less /rong1 & 9 ta/e !y exactly    
co9cide4 ,9 8 motions he has some?+ (   
,t9toretto1 or m prop]ly ( ,sc>sell9i2 b
 9 8 col\rs1 & ! expressions ( 8        
c\nt5ances1 he pres]ves an orig9ality ( 
"*4 ,pes>i & he 7 rivals1 z 7 ! ma/]s   
:om !y respectively foll[$1 on acc\nt ( 
_! contra/ ( /yle4 ,pes>i1 h[ev]1 seem$ 
to yield1 z he transf]r$ 8 tal5ts to    
,v5ice1 :ile 8 competitor became !      
director ( an academy 9 ,mod5a1 :i*     

support$ by 8 cr$it1 !n became celebrat$
 ?r\gh\t ,italy4 ,! "n ( ,lana cont9ues 
to ma9ta9 its gr\nd 9 ,bologna1 & o!r   
adjac5t places1 :ile x is n unkn[n 9 l[]
 ,italy4 ,! *ief "p ( 8 specim5s to be  
met ) 9 collections1 consi/ ( heads (   
ag$ m51 full ( dignity1 & t\*$ ) a c]ta9
 boldness ( h&1 :i* decl>es ! ma/]4  ,^?
 :o fl\ri%$ aft] him1 belong+ to ! city 
( ,mod5a & ! /ate1 7 = ! mo/ "p educat$ 
else:]e4 ,bonav5tura ,lamb]ti1 ( ,c>pi1 
z ,i h obs]v$ 9 ! ,roman ,s*ool1 0      
in/ruct$ by ,cignani2 & !re he _h a     
noble !atre = ! display ( 8 p[]s4 ,at ! 
same p]iod fl\ri%$ ,francesco ,/r+a1 9  
,mod5a1 :]e he pa9t$ a good deal 9 a    
/yle1 if ,i mi/ake n1 t approa*$1 or    
seem$ r ambiti\s ( approa*+1 t ( ,lana1 
& ,gu]c9o himself4 ,by "s1 he is suppos$
 to h be5 a pupil ( ! fir/2 by o!rs1 ( !
 second ( ^! arti/s2 b x is kn[n only ) 
c]ta9ty1 t he =m$ himself ^u _! model1 &
 t ( o!r excell5t ma/]s1 ^: works1 dur+ 
8 sup]9t5dance ( ! great ,e/e ,gall]y1  
he might consult at 8 pleasure4 ,end[$ )

 a ri* imag9ation1 spirit$ & rapid 9    
execution1 he produc$ mu*1 :i* 0 greatly
 comm5d$1 bo? 9 ! ca!dral & 9 ! *ur*es4 
,8 di/+ui%+ *>act]i/ic is ! dep? ( 8    
%ades1 ! some:at disproportion$ l5g? ( 8
 figures1 & an incl9ation to ! caprici\s
 9 8 actions & composition4 ,:5 9       
advanc$ ye>s he began to det]iorate 9   
/yle1 a case common to mo/ arti/s4  ,he 
0 ! fir/ ma/] ( ,jacopo ,zoboli1 :o1    
proce$+ f ,mod5a into ,bologna1 & !nce  
to ,rome1 settl$ !re1 & di$ 9 #agfa1 ) !
 reputation ( a good arti/4 ,?is he 9 a 
high degree acquir$ by 8 lab\rs 9 ! *ur*
 ( ,s4 ,eu/a*io1 :]e he is di/+ui%$     
among/ ! m mod]n productions by 8 ,s4   
,girolamo1 display+ s+ul> dilig5ce1     
poli%1 & h>mony ( col\rs1 by no means   
g5]al 9 ^? times4 ,! ,primaziale ( ,pisa
 also boa/$ a gr& picture by 8 h&1      
repres5t+ ,s4 ,matteo1 9 ! act ( d$icat+
 a "y pr9cess to a holy life1 by !      
imposition ( ! sacr$ veil4 ,two o!r     
arti/s ( ,mod5a1 ,francesco ,vellani &  
,antonio ,consetti1 :o di$ ne> ! same   

"t1 n v long ago1 7 in/ruct$ 9 ! art by 
,/r+a & 8 s*ool4 ,bo? are 9 a ta/e mu*  
resembl+ t ( ! ,bolognese ( _! own age4 
,! =m] h[ev]1 is n s accurate 9 po9t (  
design z ! latt]1 a /rict & comm5dable  
ma/] 9 t art4 ,x is true1 he has a      
crud5ess ( col\rs1 n v pleas+ to ! eye2 
no new circum/ance 9 an arti/ educat$ 9 
! s*ool ( ,creti4 ,bo? ,mod5a & ! /ate  
are 9 possession ( _m ( _! pieces4      
,/ill m mod]n arti/s h support$ ) hon\r 
! reputation ( su* pr$ecessors2 b ,i    
c\ld n "h1 )\t deviat+ f my orig9al     
sy/em1 v5ture to m5tion !m4 ,! place w  
inv>iably s]ve to =w>d in/ruction2 a    
collection ( designs & pa9t+s be+ n[    
exhibit$ 9 ! ducal gall]y1 :i* does     
hon\r to ,italy1 no less ?an to ! noble 
ta/e ( ! family ( ,e/e t e/abli%$ x4    
,nor has x omitt$1 f "t to "t1 to       
provide = "y arti/s ! assi/ance ( !     
academy1 :i* cont9u$ to fl\ri% !re1 f ! 
times ( ,lana1 (t5 clos$1 & aft]w>ds    
re-op5$1 until beyond ! age ( ,consetti4
 ,b x prov$ too difficult an attempt1 to

 support ano!r academy s ne> t (        
,bologna1 s widely di/+ui%$ & att5d$4#i 
,footnote #i3 ,! late/ attempt to re/ore
 x 0 made 9 #aghf1      :5 x cont9u$ to 
fl\ri% ) "s cr$it1 dur+ t5      ye>s4 ,9
 ! close ( ! ye> #agif x assum$ ! "n (  
s*ool1 z ,i be=e rem>k$1 direct$ by a   
ma/] 9 !      art ( design+ figures1    
toge!r ) an assi/ant4  ,! same celebrat$
 /ate1 s fruitful 9 e k9d ( m]it1       
produc$ also able pr(essors 9 o!r       
bran*es ( ! art4 ,lodovico ,b]tucci1 (  
,mod5a1 0 a pa9t] ( capricci1 :i* 7 at t
 p]iod mu* admir$ & admitt$ ev5 into    
palaces2 & p]haps !re are _m ( 8        
specim5s /ill pres]v$ !re1 b kn[n "u o!r
 names4 ,a ,pellegr9o ,ascani1 ( ,c>pi1 
0 an admirable fl[]-pa9t]1 & 0 succe$$1 
aft] a long int]val1 by ,felice         
,rubbiani4 ,?is la/ 0 a s*ol> ( ,bett9i1
 ! companion ( 8 travels1 & ! imitator (
 8 ta/e4 ,he 0 a fav\rite at c\rt1 9 !  
cities1 & ! vic9ity2 & _h commissions   
be/[$ ^u him to ! numb] ( ?irty-six     
pictures1 by ! ,m>*esi ,riva1 ( ,mantua1

 all ( :i* he v>i$ 9 ! mo/ a/oni%+      
mann]4 ,!re 01 moreov]1 a ,matteo       
,coloretti1 f ,reggio1 excell5t 9       
portraits1 & a lady ( ! "n ( ,m>gh]ita  
,gabassi1 :o succe$$ admirably 9 hum\r\s
 pieces4 ,nor ought we to omit ! "n (   
,paolo ,gib]toni1 ( ,mod5a1 :o settl$ at
 ,lucca1 & = ?is reason less kn[n 9 8   
native place4 ,8 grotesques 9 fresco    
boa/ no ord9>y m]it2 & ^! he v>i$ ) e   
species ( /range animals1 execut$ )     
great _s4 ,he 0 likewise v pleas+ 9 8   
l&scapes1 :i* rose 9 value aft] 8 dea?1 
& are /ill mu* e/eem$4  ,mo/ "p ( !     
arti/s ( ! ,mod5ese /ate di/+ui%$       
!mselves 9 ornam5tal "w & 9 ar*itecture2
 su* z ,girolamo ,comi1 ^: f9e          
p]spectives des]v$ to h be5 accompani$ )
 sup]ior figures2 & ,gio4 ,bati/a       
,modon9o1 call$ by mi/ake ,madonn9o 9 ! 
,diction>y ( ,arti/s1 :o acquir$ a high 
reputation 9 ,rome1 & probably left     
sev]al frescos 9 ! ,palazzo ,spada4 ,he 
di$ ( ! plague1 9 ,naples1 #afef4       
,antonio ,ioli met ) a bett] fate !re1  

ab\t ! same p]iod2 hav+ acquir$ ! !ory (
 ar*itecture1 he pass$ into ,rome1 &1   
ent]+ ! s*ool ( ,pann9i1 he became "o ( 
! mo/ celebrat$ pa9t]s 9 ar*itecture &  
ornam5tal "w1 kn[n to ! pres5t c5tury4  
,applaud$ 9 ! !atres ( ,spa91 ,engl&1 & 
,g]many1 all ( :i* he adorn$1 he        
aft]w>ds w5t to ,naples1 & became pa9t] 
to ,c>lo ,,iii41 & to 8 successor4      
,giuseppe ,dallamano1 a weak man1 &1 z x
 is said1 unacqua9t$ ) 8 alphabet1 0    
ignorant ev5 ( ! common pr9ciples ( !   
art2 ?\gh by an extraord9>y sort (      
tal5t1 & especially 9 col\r+1 he atta9$ 
a degree ( excell5ce truly surpris+1 ev5
 to ! le>n$2 by :i* he cont9u$ to live1 
employ+ himself 9 ! s]vice ( ! royal    
family at ,tur94 ,8 pupil ,fassetti 01  
likewise1 an extraord9>y "*2 apply+     
himself1 at ! age ( tw5ty-eight1 to !   
gr9d+ ( col\rs1 he soon began to imitate
 8 ma/]2 & ultimately1 ) ! assi/ance (  
,francesco ,bibi5a1 he became "o ( ! mo/
 skilful among ! !atrical pa9t]s (      
,lomb>dy4 ,he came f ,reggio1 z well z 8

 contempor>y ,z9ani1 & ! y\ng]          
,spaggiasi1 bo? educat$ 9 ! s*ool (     
,bibi5a2 al?\gh ( ! fa!r ( ,spaggiasi1  
:o di$ 9 ! s]vice ( ! k+ ( ,pol&1 !     
ma/]'s "n rema9s unkn[n4 ,to ^! we might
 add ! "n ( ,b>toli1 ,zanni*elli1       
,bazzani1 & ( o!rs1 ei!r yet fl\ri%+ or 
deceas$2 names by :i* ! cavali]         
,tirabos*i is ju/ifi$ 9 obs]v+1 t       
,reggio _h ! hon\r ( hav+ at all times  
produc$ excell5t !atrical pa9t]s4  ,c>pi
 enjoys a diff]5t k9d ( hon\r1 ?\gh z   
great 9 its way4 ,= !re 7 fir/ comm5c$ !
 works t]m$ a scagliola1 or a mis*ia1 ( 
mix$ workman%ip1 ! fir/ inv5tor ( :i* 0 
,guido ,fassi1 or del ,conte4#aj ,!     
/one1 call$ sel5ite1 =ms ! fir/ +r$i5t 9
 x4 ,x is p\nd$ & mix$ ) col\rs1 & by ! 
application ( a c]ta9 glue1 !           
composition becomes z h>d z /one1 =m+ a 
k9d ( m>ble1 capable1 ) fur!r c>e1 (    
tak+ a gradual poli%4 ,! fir/ trial 0   
made ^u cornices1 :i* ?us assume !      
appe>ance ( f9e m>bles2 & !re rema9 also
 9 ,c>pi1 ( ! same composition1 two     

alt>s by ! h& ( ,guido himself4 ,8 fell[
 citiz5s began to avail !mselves ( ?is  
discov]y2 "s add+ "o ?+ to x1 & "s      
ano!r4 ,annibal ,griffoni1 a pupil (    
,guido1 appli$ x to monum5ts1 & ev5     
v5tur$ ^u ! composition ( pictures1     
int5d$ to repres5t engrav+s ^u copp]1 z 
well z pictures 9 oil2 an attempt n v   
successful1 insomu* t ! specim5s by 8   
son ,gasp]o are n valu$ beyond a few    
tab]nacles1 & ?+s 9 a simil> ta/e4      
,giovanni ,gavignani af=d$ assi/ance    
fir/ to ,guido1 & next to ,griffoni1    
surpass+ bo? 9 a skilful application ( !
 art4 ,?us1 ! alt> ( ,s4 ,antonio1 9 !  
*ur* ( ,s4 ,niccolo1 at ,c>pi1 is /ill  
po9t$ out z some?+ extraord9>y1 consi/+ 
( two columns ( porphyry1 & adorn$ ) a  
pallium embroid]$ ) lace2 an exact      
imitation ( ! cov]s ( ! alt>1 :ile x is 
ornam5t$ 9 ! m>g9 ) m$als1 be>+         
beautiful figures4 ,nor is ! monum5t f !
 h& ( "o ,f]r>i 9 ! ca!dral1 less p]fect
 9 its k9d2 :]e ! m>bles are s admirably
 c\nt]feit$1 t sev]al t\ri/s ( ! be/    

ta/e h be5 induc$ to break a small      
portion1 to conv9ce !mselves ( ! fact4  
,!re are1 also1 pictures pres]v$ 9      
private h\ses ?us drawn by ,gavignani2  
"o ( :i* consi/s ( ! ,rape ( ,pros]p9e1 
execut$ ) mu* elegance1 9 possession (  
,signor ,cabassi4    ,footnote #aj3 ,9 !
 ,novelle ,lett]>ie ( ,flor5ce1 #agga1 x
      is ass]t$ t ?is art 0 introduc$   
ab\t two ages back      into ,tuscany1  
giv+ rise to imitations ( m>bles1       
besides      "s fancy pieces4 ,i h      
dilig5tly s\ght aft] specim5s      ?us  
antique1 bo? at ,flor5ce & at           
,vallombrosa1 :]e      ?is art 0 9 great
 vogue2 b :at ,i h se5 are v            
trivial 9 _! "*1 nor d !y appe> ( s     
anci5t      a date4  ,leoni1 :o resid$ 9
 ,cremona1 0 a disciple ( ! ,griffoni1 &
 ! artific] ( two v beautiful desks1    
pres]v$ 9 ! ,ducal ,museum at ,mod5a1 z 
well z ,paltroni]i & ,mazzelli1 :o      
introduc$ ! art into ,romagna1 :]e x    
/ill cont9ues to fl\ri%4 ,we !re meet ) 
alt>s1 t equally deceive ! eye by _!    

col\r1 & ! t\* by ! fre%ness ( ! m>ble4 
,b ! mo/ celebrat$ pupil ( ! ,griffoni 0
 a prie/ call$ ,gio4 ,massa1 :o1 toge!r 
) ,gio4 ,pozzuoli1 produc$ wond]ful     
specim5s ( ! art 9 8 native place1 9 !  
adjac5t cities1 9 ,gua/alla1 ,novell>a1 
& else:]e4 ,! prie/ prov$ equally       
successful 9 draw+ di/ant views1 g>d5s1 
& 9 p>ticul> ar*itecture1 besides adorn+
 ) x tablets1 & cov]+s ( alt>s1 9 su* a 
mann] z to rea* ! v p]fection ( ! art4  
,! mo/ dignifi$ objects possess$ by     
,rome 7 ^? :i* he mo/ delight$ 9 = 8    
views2 su* z ! facade ( ! temple ( !    
,vatican1 its colonnade1 & its piazza4  
,x appe>s ! ,duke ( ,gua/alla took s+ul>
 pleasure 9 simil> works2 & at 8 desire 
7 prep>$ ^? two little tables1 9 !      
possession ( ,signor ,alb]to ,pio1 cit$ 
by ,tirabos*i1 & :i* 71 p]haps1 !       
ma/]pieces ( ,massa4 ,no objects appe>$ 
to me m rem>kable ?an su* works ab\nd+  
almo/ 9 e *ur* ?r\gh\t ^? p>ts2 & x w\ld
 be v desirable t ! plan ( repres5t+    
ar*itectural views1 by ?is process1 %\ld

 become m frequ5t4 ,massa also includ$  
figures1 ! hon\r ( p]fect+ :i* has fall5
 ^u ,flor5ce2 a subject ,i h treat$ 9 my
 fir/ volume1 7p4 #cdf74 ,i %all m]ely  
notice "h1 t aft] ! practice ( modell+  
_h be5 br\ght to vie ) sculpture2 & aft]
 engrav+ ^u wood _h s well c\nt]feit$   
works ( design1 we h to record ?is ?ird 
inv5tion1 belong+ to a /ate ( no great  
dim5sions4 ,su* a fact is calculat$ to  
br+ into /ill high] e/imation ! g5iuses 
:o adorn$ x4 ,!re is no?+ ( :i* man is m
 ambiti\s1 ?an ( be+ call$ ! inv5tor (  
new arts3 no?+ is m flatt]+ to 8        
intellect1 or draws a broad] l9e betwe5 
him & ! animals t are incapable ( su*   
inv5tions1 or ( c>ry+ !m beyond ! limits
 prescrib$ by in/9ct4 ,9 %ort1 no?+ 0   
held 9 high] rev]5ce among ! anci5ts2 & 
h5ce x is1 t ,virgil1 9 8 ,elysian      
fields1 repres5t$ ! b& ( inv5tors ) _!  
br[s cr[n$ ) :ite *aplets1 equally      
di/9ct 9 m]it z 9 rank1 f ! m vulg>     
%ades ar\nd !m4       ,,! ,,s*ool ,,(   
,,p>ma4     ,,epo* ,i4       ,!         

,anci5ts4   ,next 9 ord] to ! s*ool (   
,mod5a1 ,i rank t ( ,p>ma & its /ate2 & 
,i %\ld v gladly h unit$ !m toge!r1 z   
o!r writ]s h done1 if 9 addition to !   
di/9ction ( dom9ions !re did n also exi/
 an evid5t di/9ction 9 po9t ( ta/e4 ,= x
 appe>s to me1 z ,i h be=e _h occasion  
to obs]ve1 t 9 ! =m] ( ^! cities !      
imitation ( ,raffaello prevail$2 9 !    
second t ( ,coreggio4 ,?is la/ inde$ is 
! f\nd] ( ! ,s*ool ( ,p>ma1 :i* pres]v$ 
a s]ies ( disciples = sev]al g5]ations1 
s /rongly atta*$ to 8 examples z to be/[
 no att5tion ^u any o!r model4 ,!       
situation 9 :i* he f\nd ! city on 8 fir/
 arrival1 is app>5t f ! anci5t figures  
scatt]$ ?r\gh\t1 :i* by no means discov]
 a progress 9 ! art ( pa9t+ equal to t (
 _m o!r cities 9 ,italy4 ,n t ?is arose 
f any want ( acqua9tance ) ! arts (     
design2 = !re fl\ri%$ !re z e>ly z !    
#ab? c5tury an arti/ nam$ ,b5$etto      
,antelani1 ( :om a basso-relievo1       
repres5t+ ! ,crucifixion ( our ,"l1 is 9
 ! ca!dral1 :i*1 ?\gh ! production ( a  

rude age1 _h no?+ 9 sculpture equal to x
 t ,i h be5 able to meet )1 until !     
p]iod ( ,giovanni ,pisano4 ,respect+ !  
art ( pa9t+1 ! celebrat$ ,fa!r ,affo has
 extract$ v int]e/+ notices f publi%$   
docum5ts & ,,mss41 9 ord] to %ew1 t be=e
 #abcc1 bo? figures & hi/orical pieces  
_h be5 pa9t$ 9 ,p>ma4#aa ,^u !          
completion ( ! baptismal font1 ab\t     
#abfj1 t assemblage ( pa9t+s 0 !re      
execut$1 :i* may n[ be reg>d$ z "o ( !  
f9e/ rema9+ monum5ts ( ! anci5t mann] t 
upp] ,italy has to boa/4 ,! subjects are
 9 ! usual ta/e ( ^? times2 ! /yle is   
less angul> & rectil9e> ?an t ( ! ,greek
 mosaici/s2 & displays "s orig9ality 9 !
 drap]ies1 9 ! ornam5tal p>ts1 & 9 !    
composition4 ,above all1 x %ews v       
skilful me*anism 9 reg>d to gild+ &     
col\r+1 :i*1 not)/&+ ! di/ance ( five   
c5turies1 reta9 mu* ( _! orig9al /r5g?4 
,footnote #aa3 ,! notices ( ! arti/s (  
,p>ma communicat$      by him to !      
public1 are 9 "p conta9$ 9 ! ,life (    
,p>migian9o1 & p>tly 9 a humor\s little 

"w1 entitl$      ,il ,p>migiano s]vitor 
di ,piazza2 & "s fur!r      in=mation on
 ?is subject ,i h myself receiv$ f !    
lips ( ?is le>n$ ecclesia/ic4  ,d[n f t 
p]iod !re appe> 9 sev]al places1 bo? at 
,piac5za & ,p>ma1 fur!r specim5s ( !    
,trec5ti/i1 sometimes ) annex$ dates1 & 
sometimes )\t any4 ,su* z belong to     
,piac5za1 are 9 ! *ur* & cloi/] ( !     
,pr$icatori2 b ! be/ pres]v$ ( all is an
 alt>-piece at ,san ,antonio ,m>tire1 ) 
hi/ories ( ! titul> sa9t 9 small        
figures1 tol]ably well drawn1 & 9 co/ume
 :i* seems to h be5 borr[$1 z x 71 f "s 
municipal usages peculi> to ! place4    
,p>ma1 likewise1 possesses "s ( ! same  
date1 besides a few o!rs rema9+ at ,san 
,francesco1 9 a some:at m poli%$ /yle1  
attribut$ to ,b>tolommeo ,grossi1 or to 
,jacopo ,los*i1 8 son-9-law1 bo? ( :om 7
 employ$ !re 9 #adfb4 ,subsequ5t to ^!  
fl\ri%$ ,lodovico da ,p>ma1 a pupil (   
,francia1 ^: ,madonnas1 execut$ 9 8     
ma/]'s mann]1 are easily recogniz$ 9    
,p>ma2 & a ,cri/(oro ,caselli 7n        

,ca/elli1 z he is t]m$ by ,vas>i17 or   
,cri/(oro ,p>m5se1 enum]at$ by ,ridolfi 
among ! pupils ( ,gian ,bell9o4 ,he     
produc$ a v beautiful pa9t+ = ! hall ( !
 ,consorziali1 be>+ ! date ( #adii2 & he
 is mu* comm5d$ by ,grappaldo 9 8 "w ,de
 p>tibus ,a,edium1 :o next to him ranks 
,m>mitta1 ( :om !re is no au!ntic       
specim5 rema9+4 ,/ill 8 "n ought to be  
record$1 7 x = no o!r reason ?an 8 be+ !
 suppos$ ma/] ( ,p>migian9o4 ,along ) ^!
 we may m5tion ,aless&ro ,araldi1 "o ( !
 s*ol>s ( ,bell9i1 ( :om !re rema9s a   
,nunziata1 at ! ,padri del ,c>m9e1 ) 8  
"n1 besides alt>-pieces 9 diff]5t       
*ur*es4 ,he 0 indisputably a good arti/ 
9 ! mix$ mann]1 t is n[ call$ antico    
mod]no4 ,! family ( ! ,mazzuoli 0 mu*   
employ$ ab\t ! same p]iod 9 ,p>ma1      
consi/+ ( ?ree bro!r arti/s1 ,mi*ele &  
,pi]il>io1 falsely suppos$ to h be5 !   
fir/ ma/]s ( ,coreggio1 & ,filippo1     
call$ dalle ,erbette1 f succe$+ bett] 9 
fruits & fl[]s ?an 9 figure pieces4 ,!re
 rema9s an alt>-piece ( ,pi]il>io 9 !   

,sacri/y ( ,santa ,lucia1 execut$ 9 a   
me?od v sup]ior to t ( ! ,baptism (     
,*ri/1 pa9t$ = ! baptismal font by 8    
bro!r ,filippo4 ,b1 h[ev] inf]ior to 8  
o!r bro!rs 9 ?is l9e himself1 ,filippo  
may be pron\nc$ at lea/ m =tunate 9 8   
po/]ity1 be+ ! fa!r ( ,p>migian9o1 :om  
we h s lately _h occasion to comm5d4    
,yet ! two mo/ excell5t ( ! ,mazzuoli   
c\ld n1 any m ?an _! contempor>ies1 h   
be5 consid]$ arti/s ^u a great scale1 :5
 ! ,padri ,cass95si1 in/ead ( avail+    
!mselves ( _! s]vices to decorate !     
tribune & cupola ( _! magnific5t temple1
 d$icat$ to ,/4 ,john1 pref]r$ invit+   
,antonio ,allegri da ,coreggio1 a =eign]
 & a y\?1 to und]take ! imm5se task2 a  
*oice :i* may be said to h conf]r$ a    
la/+ obligation ^u po/]ity4 ,=          
,coreggio1 l ,raffaello1 /ood 9 ne$ ( "s
 ext5sive und]tak+ 9 ord] to br+ 8 p[]s 
into full play1 & to op5 a new pa? =    
lab\rs ^u a gr& scale1 z he _h be=e done
 9 ^? ( a small] class4 ,b ( an arti/ :o
 =ms an era 9 ,italian pa9t+ itself1 n 9

 ?is p>ticul> s*ool only1 x becomes u to
 treat1 z well z ( 8 imitators1 9 a     
sep>ate *apt]4     ,,s*ool ,,( ,,p>ma4  
,,epo* ,,ii4       ,coreggio1 & ^? :o   
succe$$ him 9 8 ,s*ool4   ,we are at    
l5g? arriv$ at "o ( ^? di/+ui%$ *>act]s1
 :om1 f 8 high reputation1 & ! influ5ce 
he ex]cis$ ov] ! /yle ( pa9t+ 9 ,italy1 
we c by no means dismiss ) our accu/om$ 
brevity4 ,8 "n1 h[ev]1 mu/ /ill be      
conf9$ )9 comp5di\s limits1 add+ :atev] 
new in=mation & reflections we may ?9k  
be/ adapt$ = ! illu/ration ( su* a      
subject2 ! life ( ,coreggio be+ involv$ 
9 s mu* obscurity1 z to admit1 beyond t 
( any o!r arti/1 ( fre% discussion4 ,! m
 curi\s may consult ! notices ( him by !
 ,cavali] ,m5gs1 conta9$ 9 8 second     
volume1 a little "w by ,cavali] ,ratti1 
^u ! life & works ( ,allegri1 publi%$ 9 
,f9ale 9 #agha1 & ,tirabos*i 9 8        
,notices ( ! pr(essors ( ,mod5a1 besides
 ,padre ,affo1 9 8 works already cit$1 !
 mo/ accurate1 p]haps1 ( any 9 po9t (   
*ronology4  ,! :ole ( ^! writ]s1 foll[+ 

! example ( ,scannelli & ,orl&i1 h      
compla9$ ( ,vas>i = hav+ falsely ass]t$ 
! abject condition ( ,antonio1#ab       
sprung1 9 fact1 f a tol]ably good family
 9 an illu/ri\s city1 & n de/itute ( ^? 
conv5i5ces ( =tune t might enable him f 
! fir/ to obta9 an education adapt$ to !
 success ( 8 future ef=ts4 ,!y h also 9 
p>ticul> reproa*$ him ) 8 excessive     
cr$ulity1 9 repres5t+ him to u z a      
suff]+ & unhappy object1 burd5$ ) a     
num]\s family1 little appreciat$ & badly
 rew>d$ = 8 lab\rs4 ,on ! contr>y !y    
obs]ve1 we "k t he 0 respect$ by !      
great1 ri*ly recomp5s$1 & enabl$ to     
leave a fair h]itage = 8 family4 ,n[ ,i 
admit t ,vas>i is guilty ( mu*          
exagg]ation1 ?\gh n )\t "s %ew ( tru?2 =
 we only ne$ to comp>e ! commissions &  
ga9s ( ,coreggio ) ^? ( ,raffaello1 (   
,mi*elangiolo1 ( ,titian1 & ev5 ( ,vas>i
 himself1 to dive/ u ( all surprise at !
 hone/ commis]ation ( ! hi/orian4       
,annibal ,c>acci did n only             
compassionate 8 condition1 b is said to 

h bewail$ x ) 8 te>s4#ac ,besides1 if we
 reflect t ! t]ms made use ( by ,vas>i1 
( ,coreggio hav+ become si mis]o1 s     
wret*$1 t no?+ c\ld be worse1 d n       
exactly signify mis]abile1 mis]able1 z  
int]pret$ by "s ( 8 critics1 b r mean1  
mis]ly1 & sp>+1 r5\nc+ c]ta9 conv5i5ces 
( life1 9 ord] to sp5d z little z       
possible1 x w alt] ! complexion ( !     
case4 ,9 ! same mann] he /ates1 or r z  
"s ?9k1 imag9es t ,antonio1 ?\gh enabl$ 
to travel l o!rs1 by wat]1 m\nt$ horse  
dur+ ! summ] sol/ice1 & %ortly aft] di$4
 ,&1 inde$1 if we consid] ! s+ul>       
deprivations to :i* v weal?y p1 = ! same
 reason1 w submit1 we d n see h[ a      
ref]5ce to ! possessions ( ! ,allegri   
family1 n )\t "s degree ( exagg]ation1 z
 has m ?an once be5 done1 c disprove ?is
 *>ge ( meanness & extreme p>simony4 ,we
 tru/ t ! ,signor ,dottor ,antonioli w  
in=m u m di/9ctly respect+ ! am\nt (    
,antonio's prop]ty1 ?\gh we are incl9$  
to believe x c\ld n h exce$$ ! limits ( 
m$iocrity4 ,! highe/ sal>ies receiv$ by 

him h be5 asc]ta9$4 ,= ! cupola & l>g]  
nave ( ! *ur* ( ,san ,giovanni1 he 0    
paid f\r hundr$ & sev5ty-two gold       
ducats1 or ,v5etian zec*9s1 & = ! cupola
 ( ! ca!dral1 ?ree hundr$ & fifty2      
d\btless consid]able sums1 ?\gh we %\ld 
consid] he 0 occupi$ f ! ye> #aebj until
 #aecj1 9 ! designs & lab\rs requisite =
 works ( su* magnitude1 & :i* prev5t$   
him f accept+ o!r (f]s ( any acc\nt dur+
 ! int]val4 ,he e>n$ =ty gold ducats by 
8 celebrat$ picture ( ,night2 8 ,san    
,girolamo br\ght him =ty-sev5 ducats1 or
 zec*9s1 besides 8 subsi/5ce dur+ six   
mon?s he 0 employ$ on x2 & ?us1 9 equal 
proportion1 we may suppose him to h be5 
recomp5s$ = ! "t be/[$ ^u 8 less]       
pieces4 ,! two :i* he pa9t$ = ! ,duke ( 
,mantua we may reckon at some?+ m2 b ^! 
7 ! only ones he produc$ at ! reque/ (  
sov]eigns4 ,?us mu* be+ c]ta91 x is     
h>dly cr$ible1 t aft] d$uct+ ! exp5se ( 
col\rs1 ( models1 & ( assi/ants1 includ+
 ! ma9t5ance ( 8 family1 !re %\ld /ill h
 rema9$ en\gh to leave t family 9 a /ate

 ( afflu5ce4    ,footnote #ab3 ,9 ! op5+
 ( ! ,life we f9d--,he 0 ( a      v     
timid disposition1 & ) extreme          
inconv5i5ce      devot$ himself to      
incessant lab\r 9 ord] to provide =     
a num]\s family4 ,t[>ds ! conclusion he 
adds--,l      ^? :o h a num]\s family1  
,antonio 0 desir\s1 7he      _h f\r     
sons17 ( ho>d+ 8 money1 & ?us soon      
became      "o ( ! mo/ mis]able ( m54   
,else:]e x is      obs]v$--,he held     
himself 9 slight e/eem1 & 0             
satisfi$ ) little4    ,footnote #ac3 ,x 
almo/ drives me mad ) grief to ?9k (    
! wret*$ness ( poor ,antonio2 to ?9k t s
 great a      man1 if he 7 n an angel 9 
human %ape1 %\ld be ?us      lo/ 9 a    
c\ntry :i* c\ld n appreciate him1 & ?\gh
      ) a reputation rea*+ to ! skies1  
de/9$ to die 9      su* a place s       
unhappily4 ,9 a lett] to ,lodovico1     
writt5      f ,p>ma1 #aehj1 7,malvas4   
vol4 i4 p4 #cff74 ,annibal likewise     
exagg]at$1 because ! ,padri ,b5$ett9i1 z
 well z      o!rs1 7 aw>e ( ! value (   

,antonio4  ,b al?\gh we admit ! reality 
( 8 suppos$ indig5ce1 x c =m no reproa*1
 no drawback ^u ! excell5ces ( s great a
 man1 cr[n+ him r ) additional hon\r1 9 
p>ticul> :5 we reflect1 t ) su* limit$  
means he 0 inv>iably lavi% ( 8 col\rs1  
to a degree beyond example4 ,!re is n a 
s+le specim51 :e!r execut$ on copp]1 on 
panels1 or on canvass1 always           
suffici5tly *oice1 t does n display a   
pr(usion ( mat]ials1 ( ultram>9e1 ! f9e/
 lake & gre51 ) a /rong body1 & repeat$ 
ret\*es2 yet = ! mo/ "p laid on )\t ev] 
remov+ 8 h& f ! easel be=e ! "w 0       
complet$4 ,9 %ort he sp>$ nei!r "t nor  
exp5se1 contr>y to ! cu/om ( all o!r    
pa9t]s1 ) v few exceptions4 ,su*        
lib]ality1 calculat$ to d hon\r to a ri*
 amateur1 pa9t+ = amusem5t1 is inf9itely
 m comm5dable 9 an arti/ ( su*          
circumscrib$ res\rces4 ,x displays1 9 my
 op9ion1 all ! gr&eur ( "* t 0 suppos$  
to animate ! brea/ ( a ,sp>tan4 ,& ?is  
we w\ld advance1 no less 9 reply to     
,vas>i1 :o ca/ undue reflections ^u     

,coreggio's economy1 ?an z an example = 
su* "y arti/s z may be desir\s ( n\ri%+ 
s5tim5ts wor?y ( ! noble pr(ession !y   
embrace4  ,x is /ill curr5t 9 ,coreggio 
t ,antonio comm5c$ 8 fir/ /udies "u 8   
uncle ,lor5zo4 ,subsequ5t to :i*1       
accord+ to ,v$riani1 he ent]$ into !    
s*ool ( ,francesco ,bian*i1 call$ ,il   
,fr>i1 :o di$ 9 #aeaj1 a s*ool e/abli%$ 
9 ,mod5a4 ,!re also x appe>s he acquir$ 
! art ( modell+1 at t "t 9 great repute2
 & he ?us prep>$ 9 clay1 along )        
,beg>elli1 ! gr\p ( t ,pieta1 9 ,santa  
,m>gh]ita1 :]e ! ?ree mo/ beautiful     
figures are attribut$ to ,coreggio4 ,9 !
 same highly di/+ui%$ city x is mo/     
probable t he also laid ! f\ndation ( t 
le>n$ & cultivat$ ta/e s conspicu\s 9 8 
works2 ! geometrical skill exhibit$ 9 8 
p]spective1 ! ar*itectural rules ( 8    
build+s1 & ! poetry ( 8 w>m & lively    
conceptions4 ,?us 8 hi/orians1 judg+ f !
 specim5s ( 8 e>ly /yle1 ass]t t he mu/ 
h s\ght x 9 ! academy ( ,&rea ,mantegna 
at ,mantua2 b ! rec5tly discov]$ fact ( 

,&rea's hav+ di$ 9 #aejf1 does away )   
su* a supposition4 ,x is1 nev]!less1    
extremely probable t he acquir$ x by    
/udy+ ! works left by ,&rea at ,mantua1 
= :i* ,i c adduce v>i\s argum5ts4 ,i h  
describ$ pretty fully ! "* ( ,mantegna's
 picture ( ,victory1 ! mo/ extraord9>y (
 all he produc$2 imitations ( ?is are to
 be met ) 9 _m ( ! works ( ,coreggio1 b 
mo/ evid5tly s 9 ! picture ( 8 ,/4      
,george at ,dresd54 ,! mann] 9 :i*      
,coreggio c\ld h imbib$ s exquisite a   
ta/e1 0 always consid]$ surpris+ &      
unacc\ntable1 prevail+ e :]e1 z we f9d x
 9 8 canvass1 9 8 lay+ on 8 col\rs1 9 ! 
la/ t\*es ( 8 pictures2 b let u = a     
mom5t suppose him a /ud5t ( ,&rea's     
models1 surpass+ all o!rs 9 ! same ta/e 
z we be=e obs]v$1 & ! wond] w be acc\nt$
 =4 ,let u moreov] consid] ! grace &    
vivacity s pr$om9ant 9 ! compositions ( 
,coreggio2 t ra9b[ z x 7 ( col\rs1 t    
accurate c>e 9 8 =e%ort5+s1 & ( ^? ^u   
ceil+s2 8 abundance ( laugh+ boys &     
*]ubs1 ( fl[]s1 fruits1 & all delightful

 objects2 & let u !n ask ourselves :e!r 
8 new /yle does n appe> an exquisite    
completion ( t ( ,mantegna1 z ! pictures
 ( ,raffaello & ,titian display !       
progress & p]fection ( ^? ( ,p]ug9o &   
,giovanni ,bell9i4  ,9 reg>d to 8       
education 9 ! /udio ( ,mantegna1 !      
g5]ally receiv$ op9ion 9 ,lomb>dy is1 t 
,v$riani mu/ h be5 mi/ak5 9 a "n2 & t 9 
place ( ,&rea1 he ought to h pron\nc$ 8 
son ,francesco1 ! ma/] ) :om x is       
ma9ta9$ ,coreggio resid$1 ei!r 9 quality
 ( pupil or assi/ant4 ,mantegna's s*ool1
 inde$1 _h ris5 into great reputation1  
hav+ giv5 /rik+ pro( ( its excell5ce ev5
 9 =e%ort5+ f above2 besides surpass+   
,melozio1 z ,i else:]e obs]v$1 s z only 
to leave ano!r /ep be=e rea*+ ! mod]n   
mann]4 ,?is 0 res]v$ = ! g5ius (        
,coreggio1 9 common ) ! ma/] spirits ( e
 o!r s*ool1 :o fl\ri%$ dur+ ! same      
p]iod4 ,9 tru? f 8 v fir/ attempts1 he  
appe>s to h aim$ at a s(t] & full] /yle 
?an ,mantegna's2 & sev]al1 among :om is 
! ,abate ,bett9elli1 h po9t$ out "s su* 

specim5s 9 ,mantua4 ,signor ,volta1     
memb] ( ! ,royal ,academy !re1 assur$ me
 t ,coreggio is nam$ 9 ! books ( ! ,op]a
 di ,s4 ,&rea1 = :i* reason1 sev]al ( ! 
figures on ! outside ( ! *ur*1 & 9      
p>ticul> a ,madonna1 bett] pres]v$ ?an !
 re/1 a y\?ful essay1 b f ! h& ( "o fre$
 f ! /iffness ( ! quattroc5ti/i1 h be5  
attribut$ to him4#ad ,9 ,mantua likewise
 ,i saw a little picture 9 possession ( 
! ,abate ,bett9elli1 ab\t to be engrav$1
 repres5t+ a ,holy ,family1 9 :i*1 if we
 except a degree ( /iffness 9 ! folds1 !
 mod]n mann] is complete4 ,a few o!r (  
,coreggio's ,madonnas1 to be ref]r$ to  
?is p]iod1 are to be se5 9 ! ducal      
gall]y at ,mod5a1 ) o!r works m5tion$ 9 
v>i\s places4 ,among ^! is a picture (  
our ,"l1 tak+ f>ewell ( ! ,virg9 "m1    
previ\s to 8 passion1 a piece recogniz$ 
z a g5u9e ,coreggio by ! ,abate ,c>lo   
,bianconi at ,milan4#ae ,d\btless _m ( 8
 o!r e>ly productions 7 ( an inf]ior    
description1 & are disp]s$ abroad1 ei!r 
unkn[n1 or disput$1 ,vas>i hav+ record$ 

( him t he complet$ _m pictures & works4
    ,footnote #ad3 ,!re is a docum5t    
exi/+ 9 ! same ar*ives1      :]e        
,francesco ,mantegna b9ds himself to    
ornam5t !      outside ( ! *ur*4 ,x may 
?us be conjectur$1 t !      picture ( ! 
,asc5sion1 plac$ ov] ! gateway1 is f    
8 h&1 :ile ! ,madonna1 evid5tly f ano!r1
 is !      "w ( ,coreggio4 ,! ma/]1 9   
execut+ 8 commissions1      (t5 employ$ 
8 pupil or 8 assi/ant4    ,footnote #ae3
 ,?is excell5t judge ( art1 m p>ticul>ly
 9      po9t ( engrav+s1 & also         
extremely skilful 9 portraits      drawn
 ) ! p51 dep>t$ ?is life at ! beg9n+ (  
#ahjb4  ,:]e=e is x !n t 9 ! publi%$    
catalogues we meet ) s v scanty a li/ ( 
8 pictures1 ne>ly all e/eem$ excell5t8  
,x is because :atev] does n appe>       
sup]latively beautiful has be5 d\bt$1   
d5i$1 & ca/ aside z unwor?y ( him1 or   
attribut$ to "s ( 8 s*ool4 ,m5gs        
himself1 :o inve/igat$ ! relics ( ?is   
great arti/1 & 0 v cauti\s ( admitt+ any
 disput$ productions1 decl>es t he _h   

only se5 "o specim5 ( 8 e>ly /yle1 t ( 8
 ,s4 ,antony1 9 ! gall]y ( ,dresd54     
,?is1 z well z a ,s4 ,francis & !       
,virg91 he pa9t$ 9 #aeab1 9 ,c>pi1 :5 he
 0 eighte5 ye>s ( age4#af ,f ! /iffness 
app>5t 9 ?is la/1 & ! contra/$ s(tness (
 ! o!rs1 he 0 l$ to conjecture t        
,coreggio mu/ h sudd5ly alt]$ 8 mann]1 &
 attempt$ to p5etrate into ! unkn[n     
cause ( x4 ,he suspect$1 !re=e1 t :at de
 ,piles1 foll[$ by ,re/a1 & "s o!r      
writ]s1 fir/ advanc$ 9 8 ,diss]tations1 
aga9/ ! au?ority ( ,vas>i1 mu/ be       
correct1#ag namely1 t ,coreggio visit$  
,rome1 & hav+ obs]v$ ! anci5t /yle1 & t 
( ,raffaello & ,mi*elangiolo1 along )   
,melozio's pictures 9 ! sotto 9 su1 or  
=e%ort5+1 he return$ into ,lomb>dy ) a  
diff]5t ta/e acquir$ dur+ 8 /ay 9 !     
capital4    ,footnote #af3 ,?us         
conjectures ,tirabos*i1 ) argum5ts t    
prove ! fact r ?an %ew its probability4 
,footnote #ag3 ,ort5sio ,l&i1 9 8       
,obs]vations1 _h put on      record t   
,coreggio di$ "y1 )\t see+ ,rome4       

,tirabos*i4  ,yet ?is able s*ol>        
proposes su* a view ( ! case1 ) s+ul>   
def]5ce to ! contr>y op9ion ( o!rs1 &   
ev5 pres5ts 8 read] ) argum5ts aga9/ t  
view1 to ! foll[+ effect3--,if he did n 
behold ! antique1 7& ! same may be av]r$
 ( ! two di/+ui%$ mod]ns17 su* z x exi/s
 9 ,rome1 he may /ill h se5 x z x appe>s
 at ,mod5a & ,p>ma2 & ! m]e sight ( an  
object is en\gh to awak5 9 f9e spirits !
 idea ( :at x ought to be4 ,& my read]s1
 inde$1 w be at no loss to f9d examples 
to confirm su* an op9ion2 ,titian &     
,t9toretto1 by ! m]e use ( modell+1 hav+
 f> surpass$ ^? :o design$ /atues2 &    
,b>occio happ5+ to ca/ 8 eye ^u a head (
 ,coreggio1 soon di/+ui%$ himself 9 !   
same /yle4 ,& if we may f>!r adduce an  
example ( ! p[] ( sov]eign g5ius1 f !   
sci5ces1 let u look at ,galileo wat*+ ! 
oscillations ( a bell 9 a *ur* at ,pisa1
 f :i* he drew ! doctr9e ( motion & !   
pr9ciples ( ! new philosophy4 ,s        
likewise might ?is great pictorial g5ius
 conceive ! idea ( a new /yle1 f a few  

fa9t attempts ( art1 & ?us won !        
applauses ( ! _w ( art1 be/[$ ^u him f !
 "t ( ,vas>i1 z some?+ due less to a    
mortal ?an to a god4 ,d\btless 9 ! fir/ 
in/ance he receiv$ no slight impulse f !
 f9] works ( ,&rea1 f ! collection (    
anci5t relics 9 ,mantua & ,p>ma1 f !    
/udio ( ! ,mantegni1 & t ( ,beg>elli1   
equally ri* 9 models & designs4 ,to ^!  
we may add an acqua9tance ) arti/s1     
famili> ) ,rome1 ) ,mun>i1 ) ,giulio    
,romano himself2 & f9ally ! g5]al       
influ5ce ( ! age1 e :]e dissatisfi$ ) ! 
meanness ( ! late /yle1 & aim+ at a m   
s(t1 full1 & cle> developm5t ( !        
cont\rs4 ,all ^! unit$ 9 facilitat+ !   
progressive /ep :i* ,coreggio _h to     
take1 ?\gh 8 own g5ius 0 de/9$ to a*ieve
 ! task4 ,?is x 0 t fir/ l$ him to /udy 
nature1 ) ! eye ( ! anci5t ,greeks1 & t 
( 8 great ,italian pr$ecessors4 ,! lead+
 g5iuses ( _! age h (t5 pursu$ ! same   
c>e]1 unkn[n to ea* o!r1 z ,tully has   
express$ himself1 ,et quadam +5ii       
div9itate1 9 eadem ve/igia incurr]unt4  

,b we mu/ "h *eck ourselves1 9 reg>d to 
?is portion ( ! subject1 hav+ to treat (
 x anew at ! di/ance ( n _m pages4 ,at  
pres5t we h only to inquire :e!r        
,coreggio really adopt$ ! mod]n /yle at 
once1 z has be5 ass]t$1 or by gradual   
/udy4  ,^u ?is po9t x is mu* to be      
regrett$1 t ! ,cavali] ,m5gs did n obta9
 a sight ( "s pa9t+s 9 fresco1 execut$  
by ,coreggio1 z x is said1 9 8 e>ly y\?1
 dur+ ! p]iod he 0 employ$ by ! ,m>*esa 
,gamb>a2 b :i* h n[ p]i%$4 ,=1 d\btless1
 he w\ld ?us h be5 enabl$ to ?r[ mu*    
light ^u ! subject2 & at lea/ ,i c\ld h 
wi%$ t he _h met ) two pictures produc$ 
by ,antonio 9 8 native place1 ?\gh b    
rec5tly discov]$1 z 9 ^!1 p]haps1 he    
might h detect$ t sort ( middle /yle1   
:i* is se5 to exi/ betwe5 8 ,/4 ,antony 
& 8 ,/4 ,george at ,dresd54 ,! fir/ ( ^!
 has be5 call$ 9 "q by ,tirabos*i1 on ! 
gr\nd ( !re be+ no au!ntic docum5t      
assign+ x to ,coreggio2 ?\gh ,i ?9k x   
ought to be admitt$ z 81 until /rong]   
argum5ts1 or ! au?ority ( exp]i5c$      

pr(essors ( ! art1 compel u to d5y x4   
,?is picture 0 =m]ly plac$ 9 ! *apel (  
,la ,mis]icordia1 & v old copies ( x are
 /ill pres]v$ 9 _m private h\ses at     
,coreggio4 ,x repres5ts a beautiful     
l&scape1 toge!r ) f\r figures ( sa9ts1  
,/4 ,pet]1 ,/4 ,m>gh]ita1 ! ,magdal51 & 
ano!r1 mo/ likely ,/4 ,raimond1 yet     
unborn4#ah ,! figure ( ,/4 ,pet] be>s "s
 resemblance to "o ( ,mantegna1 9 8     
,asc5sion ( ,/4 ,&rew1 j allud$ to2 :ile
 ! wood & ! gr\nd are extremely l t     
ma/]'s composition4 ,?is f9e piece 0 mu*
 damag$ by ! lights1 or1 z "s suspect1  
by ! v>ni%1 purposely laid on1 9 ord]1  
by decreas+ its value1 to prev5t its be+
 c>ri$ away2 b1 on ! contr>y1 x appe>s =
 ?is v reason to h be5 remov$ f ! alt>1 
& a copy sub/itut$1 9 :i* ! la/ ( !     
above figures 0 ex*ang$ = "o ( ,/4      
,ursula4 ,! orig9al aft]w>ds came into !
 possession ( ,signor ,antonio ,armanno1
 "o ( ! be/ connoisseurs at ?is "t kn[n1
 9 respect to ! value ( engrav+s1 z well
 z ( o!r productions ( our be/ arti/s1  

:i* he has likewise1 9 a s+ul> degree1 !
 art ( re/or+ ev5 :5 mu* defac$4 ,s 9   
?is in/ance1 by ! mo/ p]sev]+ c>e1 dur+ 
a :ole ye>1 he at l5g? succe$$ 9 remov+ 
?is ugly veil1 :i* conceal$ ! beauty ( !
 "w1 n[ r5ew$ 9 all its pri/9e          
excell5ce1 & attract+ cr[ds ( accompli%$
 /rang]s to gaze ^u its m]its4 ,x is    
g5]ally all[$ to exhibit a s(t]         
expression1 9 ! mod]n /yle1 ?an ! ,/4   
,antony1 ( ,dresd52 ?\gh yet f> di/ant f
 ! p]fection ( ! ,/4 ,george & o!rs1    
produc$ ab\t ! same "t4    ,footnote    
#ah3 ,tirabos*i1 p4 #beg1 gives a       
diff]5t acc\nt (      x1 & appe>s to    
conf\nd ! orig9al ) ! copy1      :i* = a
 long "t has be5 plac$ on ! alt>1 also  
consid]ably defac$ & discol\r$4         
,respect+ ?is      picture1 likewise1 we
 hope we %all be bett] in=m$ by      !  
,dottor ,antonioli1 to :om we "h confess
 our      obligations = mu* in=mation   
ins]t$ 9 ?is *apt]1      obta9$ f 8 own 
m\? ^u ! spot4  ,ab\t ?is p]iod1        
,allegri pa9t$ 9 ! *ur* ( ! ,conv5tuals1

 at ,coreggio1 :at is t]m$ an ancona1 a 
small alt>-piece 9 wood1 consi/+ ( ?ree 
pictures4 ,x appe>s c]ta91 t ! two      
alt>-pieces already m5tion$1 op5$ ! way 
also to ?is fre% commission2 = f !      
writt5 agreem5t1 he seems to h be5 9 8  
tw5tie? ye>1 & ! price fix$ ^u 0 "o     
hundr$ gold ducats1 or "o hundr$ zec*9s1
 :i* proves ! e/eem 9 :i* 8 tal5ts 7    
held4 ,he "h repres5t$ ,/4 ,b>?olomew & 
,/4 ,john1 ea* occupy+ "o side2#ai :ile 
9 ! middle dep>tm5t1 he drew a ,repose (
 ! ,holy ,family fly+ into ,egypt1 to   
:i* la/ 0 add$ a figure ( ,/4 ,francis4 
,s greatly 0 ,francesco ,i4 ,duke (     
,mod5a1 delight$ ) ?is picture1 t he s5t
 ! arti/ ,b\lang] ) ord]s to copy x =   
him2 & ?us obta9+ possession ( !        
orig9al1 he dext]\sly contriv$ to       
sub/itute 8 own copy 9 its place1 a     
deception :i* he aft]w>ds repair$ by    
pres5t+ ! conv5t ) "s fre% l&s4 ,x is   
believ$ t x 0 aft]w>ds pres5t$ to !     
,m$icean family1 & by !m 0 giv5 9       
ex*ange1 to ! h\se ( ,e/e1 = !          

,sacrifice ( ,abraham1 f ! h& ( ,&rea   
del ,s>to4 ,x is c]ta9 t x 0 to be se5 9
 ! royal gall]y at ,flor5ce1 f ! end ( !
 la/ c5tury1 & 0 !re comm5d$ by ,b>ri1 9
 8 ,viaggio ,pittoresco1 z orig9al4 ,9  
progress ( "t1 x began to be less       
e/eem$1 because less p]fect1 p]haps1 ?an
 "s ( ! ma/]pieces ( ,coreggio1 & n long
 aft]1 assum+ ano!r "n1 x began to be   
po9t$ out by "s z a ,b>occio1 & by o!rs 
z a ,vanni4 ,! same ,signor ,armanno1   
be=e m5tion$1 :o 0 ! fir/ to recall to  
m9d ! copy rema9+ at ,coreggio1 pres5t$ 
u1 also1 ) ?is hidd5 treasure4 ,its     
orig9ality1 h[ev]1 0 disput$ f ! fir/1 x
 be+ object$1 9 p>ticul>1 t ,allegri _h 
depict$ ! subject ^u bo>d1 :]eas ?is    
,m$icean pa9t+ 0 f\nd to be ^u canvass4 
,b ?is d\bt 0 remov$ on comp>+ ! "w ) ! 
copy ( ,b\lang]1 made ^u canvass2 =     
c]ta9ly if ! g5u9e production 7 really  
pa9t$ ^u bo>d1 ! imitator c\ld h>dly h  
succe$$ 9 palm+ ^u ! holy bre?r5 "o ( 8 
copies ^u canvass4 ,! probability ( its 
g5u95ess is /ill great] :5 we reflect1 t

 no gall]y 0 ev] 9 possession ( a       
,repose simil> to x1 s z to h conte/$ ) 
! city ( ,flor5ce ! possession ( !      
orig9al2 s frequ5t an occurr5ce1 bo? n[ 
& 9 o!r times1 ) works ( art repeat$ 9  
diff]5t places4 ,besides1 ! h& ( ! ma/] 
is1 9 itself1 ne>ly en\gh to pron\nce x 
g5u9e2 we see ! rema9s ( a v>ni% peculi>
 to ! au?or2 a tone ( col\r+ p]fectly   
agree+ ) 8 pictures at ,p>ma2 insomu*1 t
 _m v exp]i5c$ judges ( art1 & among    
o!rs ,gav9 ,hamilton1 ^: op9ion c>ries  
great weight1 h unit$ 9 giv+ x to       
,coreggio4 ,at ! same "t1 !y admit1 t x 
is a piece p>tak+ ( an union ( 8 /yles1 
dur+ ! progress ( ! second2 & if we are 
c>eful 9 comp>+ x ) 8 o!r repres5tation 
( ! ,repose1 at ,s4 ,sepolcro1 9 ,p>ma1 
commonly entitl$ ! ,madonna della       
,scodella1 we %all discov] mu* ! same   
diff]5ce z betwe5 ,raffaello's pa9t+s 9 
,citta di ,ca/ello & ^? at ,rome4 ,su* a
 di/9ction 0 notic$ by "s v respectable 
pr(essors1 ev5 dur+ ! heat ( !          
controv]sy1 :o agre$ 9 decl>+1 t !      

,m$icean picture 9 "p resembl$ ,coreggio
 9 8 be/ mann]1 & 9 "p diff]$ f x4      
,footnote #ai3 ,^! two sa9ts _h already 
be5 )drawn f      ! alt>1 7,tirabos*i1  
p4 #bec17 nor does a copy ( !m          
rema9 at ,san ,francesco4 ,t made by    
,b\lang] is 9 !      conv5t1 & 0        
evid5tly produc$ 9 ha/e1 & ^u a bad     
gr\nd2 h5ce x is nei!r v exact1 nor 9   
good      pres]vation4 ,x is1 nev]!less1
 valuable z ?r[+      light ^u          
,coreggio's hi/ory1 & 8 diff]5t /yles2  
:ile x also t5ds to prove1 t if ! ancona
 0 made (      wood1 ! picture 0 made   
portable1 & pa9t$ on      canvass4  ,!re
 are two o!r pictures ( 81 m5tion$ by ! 
,cavali] ,m5gs1 :i* may be ref]r$ to !  
same class4 ,"o ( !m is ! ,noli me      
tang]e1 9 ! ,casa ,ercolani1 b :i*      
subsequ5tly pass$ into ! ,escurial2 !   
o!r a picture ( ! ,virg9 9 ! act ( ador+
 ! ,div9e ,infant1 :i* adorns ! royal   
gall]y 9 ,flor5ce2 bo? ( :i* he decl>es 
are 9 a ta/e :i* he fail$ to discov] 9 !
 mo/ sublime & celebrat$ pictures (     

,coreggio4 ,to ^! we may add ! ,m>syas (
 ! ,m>*esi ,litta1 at ,milan1 ) a few   
o!r works ( ,coreggio's1 ins]t$ 9 !     
catalogue ( ,tirabos*i1 :i* is ! mo/    
copi\s extant4 ,f su* evid5ce x mu/1 9  
%ort1 be admitt$1 t ?is arti/ 0 possess$
 ( a sort ( middle /yle1 betwe5 t :i* he
 =m$ z a s*ol> & t :i* he complet$ z a  
ma/]4 ,& we h equal reason = believ+ :at
 has be5 /at$ respect+ ,coreggio's hav+ 
attempt$ a v>iety ( /yles1 be=e he made 
*oice ( ! "o by :i* he s greatly        
di/+ui%$ himself1 & ?us laid ! f\ndation
 = 8 pieces be+ attribut$1 z !y h be51  
to diff]5t ma/]s4 ,9 fact1 8 conceptions
 ( ! beautiful & ! p]fect 7 d$uc$ 9 "p f
 o!r arti/s1 & 9 "p creat$ by himself2  
conceptions t c\ld n be matur$ )\t mu*  
"t & lab\r2 on :i* acc\nt he 0 compell$1
 z x 71 to imitate ^? natural           
philosoph]s :o try an inf9ite numb] (   
diff]5t exp]im5ts to discov] "s s+le    
tru? :i* !y h 9 view4  ,dur+ a progress 
?us gradually pursu$1 & by an arti/ :o 9
 e new production succe$$ 9 surpass+    

himself1 x is difficult to fix ! precise
 epo* ( 8 new /yle4 ,i once saw 9 ,rome 
a v beautiful little picture1 repres5t+1
 9 ! backgr\nd1 ! tak+ ( ,*ri/ 9 ! g>d52
 & 9 ! =e "p1 ! y\? ,joseph1 :o1 9 ! act
 ( fly+1 leaves 8 mantle beh9d him2 !   
orig9al ( :i* is 9 ,engl&1 & a duplicate
 at ,milan1 9 possession ( ,c\nt de     
,kew5ill]2 ! picture at ,rome bore 9    
anci5t "* ! date ( #aeje1 indisputably  
false4 ,a m correct "o1 h[ev]1 is to be 
f\nd ^u t ( ! ,m>riage ( ,/4 ,ca!r9e1 9 
possession ( ,c\nt ,brull1 late prime   
m9i/] to ! k+ ( ,pol&1 :i* is e way     
correspond+ to ! o!r1 rema9+ at ,capo di
 ,monte2 x be>s ! date ( #aeag4 ,x is   
probable1 t 9 ?is ye>1 :5 ! arti/ 0 j   
tw5ty-?ree1 he _h already suffici5tly   
ma/]$ 8 new /yle1 f ! fact ( 8 hav+ ab\t
 #aeah1 or #ai1 produc$ 9 ,p>ma !       
picture :i* is /ill 9 exi/5ce at !      
mona/]y ( ,/4 ,paul4 ,?is1 aft] v>i\s   
disputes1 has rec5tly be5 ackn[l$g$ to  
be "o ( ! mo/ gr&1 spirit$1 & lab\r$    
productions t ev] proce$$ f t div9e h&2 

& x has be5 illu/rat$ ) its real epo*1 f
 an excell5t little "w ( ! celebrat$    
,padre ,affo4 ,su* a "w1 inde$1 conf]s a
 b5efit ^u hi/ory4 ,he !re expla9s !    
mann] 9 :i* ,coreggio might h imitat$ ! 
anci5ts ) su* advantages only z he f\nd 
9 ,p>ma2 & endeav\rs to acc\nt = !      
difficulty pres5t$ to u 9 ! sil5ce (    
,m5gs1 :o1 hav+ beheld ?is v picture1   
omitt$ to m5tion x among ,antonio's o!r 
works4 ,we are reliev$1 also1 f ano!r   
difficulty 9 respect to ! mann] 9 :i* a 
piece repres5t+ ! ,*ase ( ,diana1 ab\nd+
 ) su* a v>iety ( loves & cupids1 c\ld h
 be5 pa9t$ = a holy mona/]y1 accompani$ 
by ^? pr(ane repres5tations di/ribut$   
?r\gh\t ! same *amb]1 9 v>i\s circul>   
pieces1 su* z ! ,graces1 ! ,fates1 !    
,ve/als2 a nak$ ,juno1 susp5d$ f !      
heav5s1 9 ! me?od describ$ by ,hom]1 9 8
 fifte5? book ( ! ,iliad2 ) o!r simil>  
objects1 /ill less becom+ ! sph]e ( a   
cloi/]4 ,b our wond] w cease :5 we      
reflect1 t ! same place 0 once !        
resid5ce ( a lady abbess1 at a "t 9 :i* 

! nuns ( ,s4 ,paolo liv$ ungu>d$ by     
grates2 9 :i* e abbess s\ght to enjoy   
h]self2 held jurisdiction ov] l&s &     
ca/les1 &1 indep5d5t ( ! bi%op1 liv$    
altoge!r z a secul> p]sonage1 a lic5se 9
 ^? days extremely g5]al1 z is ju/ly    
obs]v$ by ,muratori1 9 8 ,italian       
,antiquities1 tom4 iii4 p4 #ccb4 ,!     
above "w 0 a commission giv5 by a ,donna
 ,giovanna di ,piac5za1 :o 0 !n !       
sup]ior ( ! mona/]y2 & :atev] degree (  
le>n+ we meet ) 9 ! pa9t+1 & 9 ! devices
 or conceits1 01 mo/ probably1          
communicat$ to ! arti/ by ,giorgio      
,anselmi1 a celebrat$ s*ol>1 ^: own     
daught] belong$ to ! same e/abli%m5t4 ,b
 we mu/ n all[ ourselves to proce$ fur!r
 9 our notice ( a diss]tation1 assur$ly 
"o ( ! mo/ pr(\nd & +5i\s t we ev]      
recollect to h read4 ,! pictures are    
ab\t to be engrav$ by ! h& ( ,signor    
,rosasp9a1 aft] ^? ( ,s4 ,giovanni1 9   
:i* ! le>n$ ,abate ,mazza is at pres5t s
 laudably engag$1 no less to ! advantage
 ( ! arts ?an ( 8 own reputation4  ,!   

va/ und]tak+1 s f9ely execut$ by        
,coreggio1 at ,s4 ,paolo1 obta9$ = him s
 high a "n1 t ! ,padri ,cass95si invit$ 
him to engage 9 ! equally ext5sive "o ( 
,san ,giovanni1 ent]$ ^u 9 #aebj1bj &   
complet$ 9 #aebd1 z we f9d m5tion$ 9 !  
books4 ,!re1 also1 9 addition to sev]al 
m9or works1 he decorat$ ! tribune1 :i*  
be+ aft]w>ds remov$1 9 ord] to ext5d !  
*oir1 & rebuilt1 0 repa9t$1 z we %all   
notice else:]e1 by ,aretusi4 ,on !      
demolition ( ! tribune1 ! picture ( !   
,incoronation ( ! ,virg91 ! lead+       
subject 9 ! fresco1 0 sav$1 & is n[     
exhibit$ 9 ! royal libr>y2 & v>i\s heads
 ( angels1 :i* 9 l mann] escap$ ! same  
de/ruction1 are pres]v$ 9 ! ,palazzo    
,rondan9i at ,rome4 ,!re are1 n[1 9 !   
*ur* ( ,san ,giovanni1 two pictures 9   
oil1 plac$ opposite to "o ano!r1 9 "o ( 
! *apels2 "o1 a ,*ri/ tak5 f ! ,cross2 !
 o!r1 ! ,m>tyrdom ( ,/4 ,placidus1 bo?  
pa9t$ on canvass made = ! purpose1 l "s 
( ! pictures ( ,mantegna4 ,on ! ext]ior 
( "o ( ! o!r *apels is a figure ( ,/4   

,john ! ,evangeli/1 execut$ 9 ! noble/  
mann]4 ,&1 f9ally1 !re is ! gr& cupola1 
:]e ! arti/ repres5t$ ! ,asc5sion (     
,jesus to 8 ,fa!r2 ! apo/les look+ on 9 
m+l$ v5]ation & surprise2 a production 9
 :i*1 :e!r we reg>d ! proportion1 & !   
%ort5+ ( ! figures1 ! nak$ p>ts1 or !   
drap]ies1 or gaze ^u x z a :ole1 we mu/ 
alike confess t x 0 an unexampl$ specim5
 ( ! art1 9 its k9d2 ! t]rific ,judgm5t 
( ,mi*elangiolo1#ba n hav+ !n assum$ its
 place 9 ! ,vatican4    ,footnote #bj3  
,tirabos*i 0 unable to discov] any c]ta9
      "w f ! h& ( ,antonio1 betwe5 !    
ye>s #ag & #bj1      ( ! same age4 ,?is 
gave rise to ! ass]tion ( ,vas>i's      
annotator1 t he rema9$ 9 ,rome 9 quality
 (      ,raffaello's pupil dur+ ?is     
int]val1 & on 8 ma/]'s      dea?1 9     
#aebj1 return$ to ,lomb>dy4 ,su* a      
supposition      becomes utt]ly void1   
aft] ! above epo*s adduc$ by u4         
,footnote #ba3 ,x is wor? notice1 t     
,ratti1 p]suad$ (      ,coreggio's      
resid5ce at ,rome1 has avail$ himself ( 

!      argum5t ( c]ta9 figures be+      
borr[$ by him f !      ,judgm5t1 be=e   
,mi*el ,angiolo _h pa9t$ x4 ,equally    
valid is 8 conjecture1 f\nd$ ^u sev]al  
figures (      ,raffaello's1 :i* he     
detect$ 9 ,coreggio1 z if ^! two        
arti/s _h nev] /udi$ f ! same book (    
nature4 ,su*      an op9ion is ass]t$   
also by ,padre della ,valle1 cit$ 9     
our second volume1 p4 #aba4 ,b writ]s w 
always be liable      to ^! mi/akes1 z  
long z !y pret5d to make      discov]ies
 & ?r[ light ^u anci5t facts1 )\t       
adh]+ to hi/orical dates1 & 9 _!        
conjectures      r consult novelty & _! 
own vanity ?an tru?4 ,b      ?is fault1 
br\ght into vogue ab\t ! middle ( !     
eighte5? c5tury1 has produc$ no little  
evil1 bo? 9      lett]s & religion1 &   
surely _c cont9ue to receive            
enc\ragem5t at ?is enlight5$ p]iod4 ,let
 u r      tru/1 t ! love ( tru?1 nev]   
altoge!r      ext+ui%$1 w resume its =m]
 influ5ce 9 !      inve/igation (       
hi/orical po9ts1 & t "o ( its      lead+

 objects w be to free bo? sacr$ & pr(ane
      hi/ory f ^? fooli% sophisms t s   
mu* obscure      x4  ,a/oni%+1 h[ev]1 z 
su* a production mu/ be all[$ to be1 x w
 /ill be f\nd to yield ! palm to ano!r1 
:i* ! h& ( ,coreggio alone c\ld h r5d]$ 
sup]ior4 ,?is is ! celebrat$ ,assumption
 ( ! ,virg91 9 ! ca!dral ( ,p>ma1       
complet$ 9 ! ye> #aecj4 ,x is           
indisputably m ample2 & 9 ! backgr\nd ! 
figures ( ! same apo/les are reproduc$1 
z 0 cu/om>y1 express+ feel+s ( surprise 
& piety1 ?\gh 9 a mann] altoge!r diff]5t
 f ! =m]4 ,9 ! upp] "p is repres5t$ an  
imm5se cr[d ( happy spirits1 yet        
di/ribut$ 9 ! f9e/ ord]1 ) a numb] (    
angels ( all dim5sions1 all full (      
action2 "s employ$ 9 assi/+ ! flight ( !
 ,virg91 o!rs s++ & danc+1 & ! re/      
engag$ 9 celebrat+ ! triumph ) applause1
 songs1 tor*es1 & ! burn+ ( cele/ial    
p]fumes4 ,9 all1 ! c\nt5ances beam )    
m+l$ beauty1 hil>ity1 & triumph2 a halo 
( light seems to envelope ! :ole1 s t   
not)/&+ ! piece is mu* defac$1 x is /ill

 calculat$ to awak5 su* an en*antm5t ( !
 s\l1 t ! spectator almo/ dreams he is 9
 elysium4 ,^! magnific5t works1 z x has 
be5 obs]v$ ( ! *amb]s ( ,raffaello1 7   
calculat$ to promote ! dignity ( 8      
mann]1 & l$ ! way to t height (         
p]fection he atta9$ 9 ! difficult art ( 
work+ 9 fresco4 ,to e/imate x aright1 we
 ought to approa* ne>1 to m>k ! decision
 & audacity z x 7 ( e /roke2 ! p>ts1 t  
at a di/ance appe> s beautiful1 yet     
effect$ by few l9es2 & t col\r+1 & t    
h>mony :i* unites s _m objects 9 "o1    
produc$1 z x 71 9 sportful play4 ,!     
r5[n$ arti/ surviv$ only f\r ye>s1      
subsequ5t to ! completion ( ! cupola2   
)\t comm5c+1 dur+ ! int]val1 ! pa9t+ ( !
 tribune1 = :i* he _h pl$g$ himself1 &  
receiv$ "p ( ! remun]ation1 :i* 0       
aft]w>ds re/or$ to ! rev5ues ( ! ca!dral
 by 8 heirs4 ,x has be5 conjectur$1 t ! 
conductors ( ! works mu/1 9 "s way1 h   
giv5 him (f5ce2 s9ce ! arti/ ,soi>o1 on 
be+ invit$ to pa9t at ! ,/eccata1       
objects to x 9 ! foll[+ t]ms3 ,n wi%+ to

 rema9 at ! discretion ( s _m diff]5t   
heads2 = y "k1 he cont9ues to 8 fri5d1  
:at 0 said to ,coreggio 9 ! dome4 ,n[   
?is1 x w\ld appe>1 mu/ h consi/$ ( "s   
expressions d]ogatory to 8 tal5ts2      
probably "s words :i* "o ( ! artific]s  
is said to h appli$ to ! dim9utiv5ess ( 
8 figures3 ,ci avete fatto un guazzetto 
di rane4 ,y h pres5t$ u ) a ha% ( frogs4
 ,words f a workman1 = :i* ,coreggio    
might easily h consol$ himself1 z !y did
 n express ! op9ion ( ! city ( ,p>ma4   
,he di$1 h[ev]1 ab\t f\r ye>s aft]w>ds1 
at 8 native place1 be=e he _h complet$ 8
 und]tak+2 & )\t leav+ any portrait (   
himself :i* c be consid]$ g5u9e4        
,vas>i's editor1 at ,rome1 produces "o (
 a bald old man1 little agreeable to our
 ideas ( ,coreggio1 :o di$ at ! age (   
=ty4 ,x is tak5 f a collection ( designs
 by ! ,padre ,re/a1 :i* he entitl$1 !   
,portable ,gall]y1 & :i* bo? ! ,cavali] 
,tirabos*i & ! ,padre della ,valle      
m5tion$ z hav+ be5 lo/4 ,nev]!less x    
exi/s 9 ! ,ambrosian collection1 &      

conta9s1 among o!r designs1 "o :i*      
,re/a1 9 ! notes add$ !reto1 decl>es to 
be ! family ( ,coreggio1 consi/+ ( !    
portrait ( himself1 8 wife1 & 8 sons2   
altoge!r =m+ "o female & ?ree male      
heads1 poor1 & wret*$ly attir$4 ,b x    
betrays evid5t m>ks ( its want (        
g5u95ess1 & n ! lea/ 9 ! description ( !
 family2 inasmu* z ,antonio is kn[n to h
 _h "o son & ?ree daught]s1 two ( :om   
appe> to h di$ at an e>ly age4 ,!       
portrait rema9+ at ,tur91 9 ! ,vigna    
della ,reg9a1 engrav$ by ! v able       
,valp]ga1 be>s an inscription1 9 "p     
oblit]at$ by ! cornice4 ,/ill ,i        
contriv$ to decyph] ! words1 ,antonius  
,corrigius1 f--7t is1 fecit71 "o ( !    
fir/ argum5ts = n admitt+ x1 z "s h     
done1 to be a head ( ,coreggio4 ,a fur!r
 "o may be d]iv$ f ! inscription itself 
be+ writt5 9 l>ge lett]s1 & 9 a space   
occupy+ ! :ole l5g? ( ! canvass1 a me?od
 occasionally adopt$ to expla9 ! subject
 ( ! piece1 b nev] ! "n ( ! arti/4 ,!re 
0 ano!r portrait s5t f ,g5oa into       

,engl&1 ) an inscription ^u ! back1     
indicat+ x to be t ( ,antonio da        
,coreggio1 drawn by ,dosso ,dossi1 :i*  
is to be f\nd 9 ! memoirs ( ,ratti4 ,i h
 no sort ( gr\nd = ass]t+ su* a         
signature to h be5 introduc$ sev]al ye>s
 subsequ5t2 a plan :i* 01 & /ill is     
frequ5tly adopt$1 by an accurate        
imitation ( ! anci5t *>act]s2 ,i w\ld   
m]ely obs]ve1 t !re 0 also a di/+ui%$   
pa9t] 9 m9iature1 ( ! "n ( ,m4 ,antonio 
da ,coreggio1 :o trav]s$ ,italy ab\t !  
"t ( ,dosso1 & ^: m]its ,i %all treat ( 
h]eaft]4 ,( ! portrait tak5 ( ,coreggio1
 by ,gamb>a1 9 ! ca!dral ( ,p>ma1 x w\ld
 "h be improp] to speak1 o!rwise ?an z  
an idle popul> rum\r4 ,9 conclusion1    
!re=e1 ,i am incl9$ to admit ! seem+    
tru? ( :at is advanc$ by ,vas>i1 t ?is  
noble arti/ ent]ta9$ no idea (          
transmitt+ 8 lik5ess to po/]ity1 n ju/ly
 e/imat+ 8 own excell5ce1 b add+ to 8   
num]\s o!r accompli%m5ts t ( a rem>kable
 mode/y1 conf]r+ real hon\r ^u our      
hi/ory4  ,! late/ & mo/ p]fect /yle (   

,coreggio has be5 m9utely analys$ by !  
,cavali] ,m5gs1 9 ! same mann] z he     
exam9$ t ( ,raffaello & ( ,titian4 ,& 9 
?is fam\s triumvirate he accord$ to him 
! second rank1 aft] ,raffaello1 obs]v+1 
t ?is la/ depict$ m exquisitely !       
affections ( ! s\l1 ?\gh inf]ior to him 
9 ! expression ( ext]nal =ms4 ,9 ?is1   
inde$1 ,coreggio 0 a true ma/]1 hav+    
succe$$ by 8 col\r+1 & yet m by 8       
*i>oscuro1 9 introduc+ into 8 pictures  
an ideal beauty1 surpass+ t ( nature1 & 
at ! same "t attract+ ! admiration ( !  
mo/ le>n$1 by an union ( art & nature 9 
its r>e/ =ms1 su* z !y nev] be=e beheld4
 ,& su* admiration1 & su* applauses1 7 9
 p>ticul> be/[$ ^u 8 ,/4 ,j]ome1 pres]v$
 9 ! academy at ,p>ma4 ,alg>otti        
decl>es1 t he 0 incl9$ to pref] x to any
 o!r ( 8 productions2 & to exclaim 9 8  
he>t3 ,tu solo mi piaci6 ,?\ alone      
please/ me6 ,annibal ,c>acci himself1 ^u
 fir/ behold+ ?is picture1 z well z a   
few o!rs f ! same h&1 decl>es1 9 ! lett]
 already cit$ to 8 bro!r ,lodovico1 t he

 w\ld n ev5 ex*ange !m ) ! ,/4 ,cecilia 
( ,raffaello1 :i* is /ill to be se5 9 ! 
city ( ,bologna4 ,& x may be truly said1
 t ! same art t _h be5 c>ri$ to su* a   
pit* ( sublimity by ,mi*elangiolo2 to   
su* an exquisite degree ( natural grace 
& expression by ,raffaello2 & f ,titian 
receiv$ su* inimitable p]fection 9 its  
tones ( col\r+2 display$ 9 ,coreggio su*
 an union ( excell5ces1 z 9 ! op9ion (  
,m5gs1 c>ri$ ! :ole ( ^! to _! highe/   
po9t ( p]fection1 add+ to all _! dignity
 & tru? 8 own peculi> elegance1 & a ta/e
 z captivat+ to ! eye z to ! he>t ( !   
spectator4  ,9 design he exhau/$ n all t
 dep? ( k1 s conspicu\s 9 ,bon>ruoti2 b 
x 0 at once s great & s select1 t !     
,c>acci !mselves adopt$ x = _! model4 ,i
 am aw>e1 t ,alg>otti consid]$ him to be
 some:at incorrect 9 ! expression ( 8   
cont\rs2 :ile ,m5gs1 on ! o!r h&1 def5ds
 him v w>mly f su* a *>ge4 ,truly1 !re  
does n appe> ! same v>iety 9 8 l9es z is
 to be f\nd 9 ,raffaello & ! anci5ts1   
inasmu* z he purposely avoid$ angles &  

rectil9e> l9es1 pres]v+1 z mu* z lay 9 8
 p[]1 an undulat+ sweep ( outl9e1       
sometimes convex & sometimes concave2   
:ile x is ma9ta9$1 t 8 grace results1 9 
a great measure1 f ?is practice3 s t    
,m5gs 9 unc]ta9ty appe>s at "o "t to    
comm5d1 & at ano!r to excuse him = x4   
,he is lavi% ( 8 praises on ! design ( 8
 drap]ies1 on ^: masses ,coreggio be/[$ 
m att5tion ?an on ! p>ticul> folds2 he  
be+ ! fir/ :o succe$$ 9 mak+ drap]y a "p
 ( ! composition1 z well by =ce (       
contra/ z by its direction2 ?us op5+ a  
new pa? :i* might r5d] x conspicu\s 9   
l>ge works4 ,9 p>ticul>1 8 y\?ful &     
infantile heads are greatly celebrat$2 !
 faces beam+ ) s mu* nature &           
simplicity1 z to en*ant1 & to compel u1 
z x 71 to smile z !y smile4#bb ,ea*     
sep>ate figure may be pron\nc$ orig9al1 
f ! inf9ite v>iety ( =e%ort5+s he has   
introduc$2 !re is sc>cely a s+le head t 
is n se5 f a po9t ( view ei!r above or  
bel[2 n a h&1 n a :ole figure1 ^:       
attitude is n full ( an ease & grace (  

motion1 beyond example4 ,by 8 practice (
 =e%ort5+ figures ^u ceil+s1 :i* 0      
avoid$ by ,raffaello1 he ov]came _m     
difficulties /ill rema9+ to be vanqui%$ 
aft] ! "t ( ,mantegna1 & 9 ?is bran* (  
p]spective is ju/ly entitl$ to ! m]it ( 
hav+ r5d]$ x complete4    ,footnote #bb3
 ,?is is an expression ( ,annibal       
,c>acci4      ,else:]e he obs]ves3 ,?is 
k9d ( delicacy & purity1      :i* is r  
tru? itself ?an v]isimilitude1 pleases  
me      greatly4 ,x is nei!r artificial 
nor =c$1 b q      natural4  ,8 col\r+ is
 all[$ to correspond beautifully ) !    
grace & selection ( 8 design1 ,giulio   
,romano hav+ be5 he>d to ass]t t x 0    
altoge!r ! be/ he _h ev] se52 nor 0 he  
av]se to ! ,duke ( ,mantua giv+ !       
pref]5ce to ,coreggio above himself1 :5 
ab\t to make a pres5tation ( pictures to
 ! emp]or ,*>les ,v4 ,equal comm5dation 
is be/[$ ^u him by ,lomazzo1 :5 he      
pron\nces t1 among ! col\ri/s1 he is to 
be consid]$ r z unique ?an z r>e 9 po9t 
( m]it4 ,no arti/ be=e him ev] be/[$ s  

mu* att5tion ^u 8 canvass1 :i*1 aft] a  
slight cov]+ ( *alk1 receiv$ 8 col\rs1  
bo? 9 po9t ( quantity & quality1 z we h 
be=e /at$1 f a lavi% h&4#bc ,9 ! impa/o1
 or lay+ on 8 col\rs1 he approa*es !    
mann] ( ,giorgione1 9 _! tone he        
resembles ,titian1 ?\gh 9 _! v>i\s      
gradations1 9 ! op9ion ( ,m5gs1 he is   
ev5 m exp]t4 ,!re prevails likewise 9 8 
col\r+ a cle>ness ( light1 a brilliancy 
r>ely to be met ) 9 ! works ( o!rs2 !   
objects appe> z if view$ ?r\gh a glass1 
& t[>ds ev5+1 :5 ! cle>ness ( o!r pa9t+s
 beg9s to fade ) ! decay ( light1 8 are 
to be se5 z x 7 9 great] vividness1 & l 
phosphoric beams %9+ ?r\gh ! d>kness ( !
 air4 ,( ! k9d ( v>ni% = :i* ,apelles   
has be5 s comm5d$ by ,pl9y1 we appe> to 
h no idea s9ce ! revival ( ! art1 or if1
 inde$1 we at all possess x1 we mu/     
confess our obligations to ,coreggio4   
,"s !re h be5 :o c\ld h lik$ m delicacy 
9 8 fle% t9ts2 b e "o mu/ all[1 t       
accord+ to ! age & ! subjects he _h to  
deal )1 he has succe$$ 9 v>y+ !m        

admirably1 impress+ !m at ! same "t )   
some?+ s s(t1 s juicy1 & s full ( life1 
z to appe> l ! tru? itself4    ,footnote
 #bc3 ,"o ( ! pr(essors be+ employ$ 9   
re/or+      a piece ( ,coreggio1 analyz$
 ! mode ( col\r+4 ,^u      ! *alk1 he   
said1 ! arti/ appe>$ to h laid a        
surface ( prep>$ oil1 :i* !n receiv$ a  
?ick mixture      ( col\rs1 9 :i* !     
+r$i5ts 7 two ?irds ( oil      & "o (   
v>ni%2 t ! col\rs seem$ to h be5      v 
*oice1 & p>ticul>ly purifi$ f all k9d ( 
salts1 :i* 9 progress ( "t eat & de/roy 
!      picture2 & t ! be=e-m5tion$ use (
 prep>$ oil      mu/ h greatly          
contribut$ to ?is purification by       
absorb+ ! sal9e p>ticles4 ,x 01 moreov]1
 8      op9ion1 t ,coreggio adopt$ !    
me?od ( heat+ 8      pictures1 ei!r 9 ! 
sun1 or at ! fire1 9 ord] t      !      
col\rs might become z x 7 int]fus$1 &   
equaliz$ 9 su* a way z to produce !     
effect ( hav+      be5 p\r$1 r ?an laid 
on4 ,( t lucid appe>ance      :i*1 ?\gh 
s beautiful1 does n reflect objects1 & (

      ! solidity ( ! surface1 equal to !
 ,greek pictures1 he      rem>ks1 t x   
mu/ h be5 obta9$ by "s /rong      v>ni% 
unkn[n to ! ,flemi% pa9t]s !mselves1 :o 
prep>$ x ( equal cle>ness & livel9ess b 
n (      equal /r5g?4 ,see vol4 i4 p4   
#di4  ,b 8 gr& & ma/]+ quality1 8 cr[n+ 
triumph & di/9ction above all o!r arti/s
 kn[n to u1 is 8 ?or\gh k ( lights &    
%ades4 ,l nature h]self he does n pres5t
 objects to u ) ! same =ce ( light1 b   
v>i$ accord+ to ! surfaces1 oppositions1
 & di/ances2 x fl[s 9 a gradation       
ins5sibly increas+ & dim9i%+1 a         
di/9ction ess5tial 9 a]ial p]spective1 9
 :i* he is s great1 & contribut+ f9ely  
to ! g5]al h>mony4 ,he obs]v$ ! same    
pr9ciple 9 8 %ades1 repres5t+ !         
reflection ( col\r ^u ea*1 9 s delicate 
a degree1 t ?\gh us+ !m s abundantly1 8 
%ad[s are always v>i$ l nature's1 nev]  
monoton\s4 ,?is quality is em95tly      
conspicu\s 9 8 night-piece 9 ! ,dresd5  
gall]y2#bd & 9 8 ,magdal51 !re se5      
repos+ 9 a cave2 a small picture x is   

true1 b e/imat$ 9 ! pur*ase at          
tw5ty-sev5 ?\s& cr[ns4 ,by ! use ( 8    
*i>oscuro he n only gave sup]ior s(tness
 & rotundity to 8 =ms1 b display$ a ta/e
 9 ! :ole composition1 su* z _h nev] be5
 witness$ be=e4 ,he dispos$ ! masses ( 8
 lights & %ades ) an art1 purely natural
 9 its f\ndation1 b 9 ! selection &     
effect altoge!r ideal4 ,& he arriv$ at  
?is degree ( p]fection by ! v same pa?  
pursu$ by ,mi*elangiolo1 avail+ himself 
( models 9 clay & wax1 ! rema9s ( "s (  
:i* are said to h be5 f\nd 9 ! cupola at
 ,p>ma n _m ye>s ago4 ,x is also        
curr5tly report$1 t :ile employ$ 9 t    
city1 he engag$ ! assi/ance ( ! fam\s   
modell] ,beg>elli1 :om he conduct$ ?i!r 
at 8 own exp5se4    ,footnote #bd3 ,x is
 m accurately entitl$ by o!rs !         
,op5+ ( ,day4  ,?\gh excell5t 9 all1 9  
o!r portions ( 8 art he _c be pron\nc$  
equally excell5t4 ,8 conceptions 7 good1
 b occasionally !y betray$ a want (     
unity1 repres5t+ z he did "o & ! same   
/ory 9 diff]5t p>ts4 ,?us 9 ! fable (   

,m>syas1 9 ! ,palazzo ,litta at ,milan1 
8 conte/ ) ,apollo1 ,m9]va consign+ him 
ov] to puni%m5t1 & ! puni%m5t itself1   
are di/ribut$ into sep>ate gr\ps4 ,!    
same k9d ( repetition w1 ,i ?9k1 be f\nd
 9 ! /ory ( ,l$a1 execut$ = ,*>les ,v4 9
 :i* ! swan is twice br\ght into view1  
proce$+ by degrees to famili>ize himself
 ) h] *>ms1 until 9 ! ?ird gr\p he :olly
 possesses h]4 ,9 fact 8 inv5tions1 = ! 
mo/ "p1 are l ! /ra9s ( ,anacreon1 9 :i*
 ! "y loves1 & 9 sacr$ !mes ! angels1   
are introduc$ "u ! mo/ agreeable =ms &  
actions4 ,?us 9 ! picture ( ,s4 ,george1
 !y are se5 sport+ ab\t ! sword & helmet
 ( ! sa9t2 & 9 ,s4 ,j]ome an angel is   
engag$ 9 %ew+ our ,"l ! book ( t great  
doctor ( our holy *ur*1 :ile ano!r is   
hold+ "u 8 nose ! uncov]$ vase ( o9tm5t 
belong+ to ! ,magdal54 ,( 8 p[]s (      
composition we h a pro( 9 ! execution ( 
! cupola1 already s highly comm5d$1 9   
:i* x appe>s z if ! ar*itecture _h be5  
=m$ = ! effect ( ! pa9t+1 s admirably is
 ?is la/ adapt$1 & n ! production = !   

place4 ,he 0 fond ( contra/s1 no less 9 
:ole figures ?an _! p>ts2 b he nev]     
arbitr>ily affect$ !m1 or c>ri$ !m to ! 
extravagant degree we h s9ce beheld1 9  
violation ( all decorum & tru?4 ,9 =ce (
 expression1 m p>ticul>ly ^u t5d]]      
subjects1 he /&s1 p]haps1 )\t a rival or
 an example2 su* is 8 ,magdal5 j allud$ 
to1 z %e is se5 b5d+ to kiss ! feet ( ! 
,holy ,*ild1 ) a c\nt5ance & action     
expressive ( all ! diff]5t beauties1    
scatt]$ ov] ! works ( _m o!r arti/s1 a  
s5tim5t m fully express$ by ,m5gs3 ( ?is
 picture we may truly say ) ,catullus1  
,omnibus una omnes surripuit ,v5]es4    
,grief 0 a passion likewise depict$ by  
him ) s+ul> p[]2 admirably v>i$ accord+ 
to circum/ances 9 8 ,dead ,*ri/ at      
,p>ma1 mo/ he>tfelt 9 t ( ! ,magdal51   
pr(\nd 9 ! ,virg91 & 9 a middl+ degree 9
 ! o!r female face4 ,& ?\gh we d n meet 
) _m examples ( a l(ti] ca/1 /ill he    
c\ld depict ! fi]c] passions ) suffici5t
 p[]1 z witness ! ,m>tyrdom ( ,s4       
,placidus1 9 :i* piece an execution] is 

s nobly drawn1 t ,dom5i*9o av[$ly       
imitat$ x 9 8 celebrat$ picture ( ,s4   
,agnes4  ,f9ally ! co/ume ( 8 sacr$     
hi/ory-pieces is defici5t 9 no?+ we c\ld
 desire2 ?\gh 9 8 fables1 inde$1 he     
might h improv$ x1 by adh]+1 l          
,raffaello & ! mod]ns1 m closely to !   
anci5ts4 ,?us 9 8 ,l$a he has repres5t$ 
,juno 9 ! guise ( an eld]ly lady1 full (
 spite & jeal\sy1 secretly behold+ !    
/ol5 embraces ( h] "l4 ,%e approa*es 9  
no?+ to ! antique1 ei!r 9 h] c\nt5ance  
or 9 h] symbols1 & h5ce 9 ! usual       
int]pretations %e is consid]$ z a m]e   
cyph]4 ,9 ! fable ( ,m>syas1 he be>s no 
resemblance to ! ,faun2 ,m9]va has no   
,a,egis1 nor any o!r ( h] usual         
attributes2 :ile ,apollo is endu$ nei!r 
) ! limbs nor aspect :i* are aw>d$ him  
at ?is day2 & s f> f boa/+ ( 8 lyre1 he 
plays ^u a viol94 ,"h aga9 we might     
adduce a fre% argum5t = ,coreggio hav+  
nev] visit$ ,rome1 :]e ev5 arti/s (     
m$iocrity1 in/ruct$ 9 a k ( ! antique1  
knew h[ to avoid simil> errors4 ,9 him1 

h[ev]1 !y are sc>cely blemi%es1 & r     
flatt]+ to ! "n ( ,coreggio1 inasmu* z  
!y s]ve m fully to conv9ce u t he       
p>takes n ! glory ( 8 sov]eign /yle ) _m
 ma/]s or _m assi/ants1 /&+ great &     
alone4 ,reg>d$ 9 ?is view he appe>s     
inde$ some?+ m ?an mortal2 & 9 8        
pres5ce1 z ,annibal ,c>acci truly wrote1
 ,p>migian9o & o!rs ( 8 rank seem to    
%r9k into no?+4#be ,b ! productions (   
?is great ma/] are daily becom+ m r>e 9 
,italy1 su* are ! prices (f]$1 su* is ! 
eag]ness ( /rang]s to obta9 !m1 & !     
e/eem 9 :i* he is held4 ,we are /ill    
consol$ = _! loss by sev]al anci5t      
copies1 m especially ( 8 small]         
pictures1 su* z ! ,m>riage ( ,s4        
,ca!r9e1 ! ,repos+ ,magdal51 ! ,"y      
,man's ,escape1 pieces already m5tion$2 
b to :i* we may add 8 ,*ri/ pray+ 9 !   
,g>d51 plac$ 9 ! ,escurial1 & 8 ,z+h]9a1
 ! ,gipsey ,girl1 9 ! gall]y at ,dresd54
 ,! mo/ e/imable among ! old copies are 
by ,s*idone1 ,lelio da ,novell>a1       
,girolamo da ,c>pi1 & by ! ,c>acci1 :o1 

by d9t ( copy+ ,coreggio's pieces1      
approa*$ v ne>ly ! /yle ( ! orig9als2   
?\gh m 9 po9t ( design ?an 9 skill &    
delicacy ( col\r+4    ,footnote #be3 ,8 
words are1 ,x is my unalt]able op9ion t 
,p>migian9o 9 no way approa*es          
,coreggio1 ^: ?\ghts      & f9e         
inv5tions are all cle>ly drawn f        
himself1      always orig9al4 ,all o!r  
arti/s look out = "s      support1 "s   
f\ndations = _! ef=ts tak5 f o!r        
s\rces2 "o to models1 "o to /atues1     
ano!r to c>toons3      all _!           
productions are repres5t$ su* z !y might
      h be51 ,coreggio's su* z !y really
 are4 7,see second      ,lett] to       
,lodovico1 ,malvasia1 vol4 i4 p4 #cfg47 
,hi!rto ,i h treat$ ( ! mann] (         
,antonio1 & 9 s do+ h describ$ ! mann] (
 8 s*ool2 n1 inde$1 t any s+le arti/ at 
all equall$ or approa*$ him1 b t all    
held v ne>ly ! same maxims1 mix$1 9 "s  
in/ances1 ) diff]5t /yles4 ,! prevail+  
"* ( ! s*ool ( ,p>ma1 by way ( di/9ction
 likewise call$ ! ,lomb>d s*ool1 is !   

excell5ce ( its %ort5+s1 l ! del9eation 
( ! n]ves & muscles 9 t ( ,flor5ce4 ,nor
 is x any reproa* t its arti/s1 9 "s    
in/ances1 h become extravagant & affect$
 9 _! =e%ort5+1 z ! ,flor5t9es 9 _!     
repres5tations ( ! nak$ limbs3 to       
imitate well is 9 all places a difficult
 art4 ,its "* may fur!r be said to      
consi/ 9 a f9e /udy ( ! *i>oscuro & (   
drap]ies1 r ?an ( ! human figure1 9 :i* 
few arti/s ( ! s*ool c boa/ mu*         
excell5ce4 ,_! cont\rs are broad1 _!    
c\nt5ances select$ r f among ! p1 ?an ( 
an ideal ca/1 be+ well r\nd$1 high      
col\r$1 & exhibit+ ^? features & t      
joy\sness e/eem$ s orig9al 9 ,coreggio1 
z x has be5 well rem>k$ by a pr(essor   
long resid5t 9 ,p>ma4 ,!re we h reason  
to believe t our arti/ in/ruct$ m pupils
 ?an h be5 record$ by ,vas>i1 to ^:     
obs]vations & op9ions mu* additional    
matt] has be5 suppli$ by writ]s ( !     
pres5t age1 ?\gh d\bts cont9ue to       
prevail respect+ "s ( 8 reput$ s*ol>s4  
,i %all treat ?is great ma/] z o!rs h   

done 9 reg>d to ,raffaello1 compreh5d+1 
)9 ! limits ( 8 s*ool1 all ^? assi/ants 
& o!rs :o1 educat$ 9 diff]5t academies1 
subsequ5tly atta*$ !mselves to 81 avail+
 !mselves ( 8 in/ructions & examples4   
,fir/ ^u ! li/1 !re=e1 ,i place 8 own   
son1 ,pomponio ,allegri4 ,he _h h>dly "t
 to b5efit by 8 fa!r's in/ructions1 or  
to receive 8 e>lie/ rudim5ts1 hav+ lo/  
him at ! age ( twelve4 ,8 gr&fa!r !n    
took him "u 8 c>e1 until ! p]iod ( 8    
dea?1 occurr+ five ye>s aft]1 :5 he left
 a pretty h&some provision = ! orphan1  
:o boa/$ likewise no common degree (    
tal5t4 ,) :om he pursu$ 8 education1    
h[ev]1 is n kn[n1 :e!r ) ,rondani1 a    
fai?ful disciple ( 8 fa!r1 or ) "s o!r (
 ! same s*ool4 ,x is c]ta9 he 0 a y\? ( 
fair abilities1 & t ) ! aid ( 8 fa!r's  
/udies he acquir$ "s reputation1 &      
e/abli%$ himself at ,p>ma4 ,9 ! ca!dral 
!re appe>s1 wr\ght ^u a l>ge e>!n bason1
 ! /ory ( ! ,israelites await+ ! arrival
 ( ,moses1 to :om ! ,"l has j consign$ !
 tablets ( ! law4 ,?\gh n v successful z

 a :ole1 ! "w displays great m]it 9     
p>ticul> p>ts2 _m ( ! heads are         
beautiful1 _m ( ! motions spirit$1 & !re
 are tones ( col\r+ extremely cle> &    
natural4 ,x 0 believ$ t ,pomponio _h    
e>ly ab&on$ ! use ( 8 p5cil1 dispos+ ( 8
 prop]ty 9 ,coreggio1 & aft]w>ds dy+ 9  
great pov]ty at an e>ly age4 ,^! false  
or unc]ta9 reports1 h[ev]1 h be5 r5d]$  
nugatory by au!ntic docum5ts br\ght =w>d
 by ,fa!r ,affo1 /at+ him to h enjoy$1 9
 ,p>ma1 high reputation & hon\rable     
public commissions1 & confirm$ by a     
public decree record+ him1 :ile ! be/   
disciples ( ! s*ool ( ,p>ma 7 yet alive1
 z be+ ottimo pittore4  ,we n[ proce$ to
 o!r arti/s belong+ to ! city & /ate (  
,mod5a4 ,among ^! we f9d ! "n (         
,francesco ,cappelli1 a native (        
,sassuolo1 :o e/abli%$ himself 9        
,bologna1 )\t1 h[ev]1 leav+ !re any     
public specim5 ( 8 lab\rs4 ,mo/ probably
 he 0 employ$ by private p]sons1 or1 z  
,v$riani is l$ to conjecture1 also by   
pr9ces2 ?\gh 9 respect to _! names he is

 c]ta9ly mi/ak54 ,!re is an alt>-piece 9
 ,s4 ,seba/iano at ,sassuolo1 commonly  
attribut$ to 8 h&1 repres5t+ a figure ( 
! ,virg91 ) "s sa9ts1 among :i* la/     
appe>s ! ,titul>1 ! mo/ noble &         
conspicu\s ( ! :ole1 9 su* f9e impa/o & 
relief1 z to be attribut$ to ! p5cil ( 8
 ma/]4  ,ano!r ( ! s*ool is ,giovanni   
,gi>ola da ,reggio1 ^: productions !re 9
 fresco are to be se5 9 ! ,palazzo      
,donelli & o!r places1 ?\gh !y h p]i%$ 9
 ,p>ma4 ,he _c1 h[ev]1 be pron\nc$      
exempt f ! usual neglig5ce ( fresco     
pa9t]s 9 _! cont\rs2 /ill he 0 mu*      
e/eem$1 :ile he fl\ri%$1 = ! _s &       
delicacy ( 8 mann]4 ,al?\gh epitaphs are
 by no means ! mo/ desirable sort (     
te/imony to ! wor? ( ! deceas$1 x w be1 
nev]!less1 wor? :ile to recall t (      
,gi>ola1 f :i*1 if we d$uct ev5 n9e p>ts
 ( ! comm5dation1 ! t5? w conf] ^u him  
no slight hon\r2--,io4 ,g]olli1 qui adeo
 excell5tem p+5di artem edoctus fu]at1  
ut alt] ,apelles voc>etur2 :o _h arriv$ 
at su* a ma/]ly degree ( excell5ce 9 ?is

 noble art t he 0 entitl$ to ! "n (     
ano!r ,apelles4 ,to him we h to add a   
fell[ citiz5 & namesake ( ,coreggio1    
call$ ,antonio ,b]ni]i1 sprung f a noble
 /ock1 & :o hav+ lo/ 8 ma/] at ! age (  
eighte5 ye>s1 inh]it$1 9 a mann]1 !     
appellation ( ,antonio da ,coreggio1 ?us
 giv+ rise to sev]al hi/orical d\bts &  
inaccuracies4 ,he is enum]at$ by ,l&i1 &
 by ,pietro ,aret9o1 among ! mo/        
di/+ui%$ ( ! m9iature pa9t]s2 & also    
m5tion$ by ,d4 ,v]onica ,gamb>a1        
,m>*ioness ( ,coreggio4 ,!re is no g5u9e
 pa9t+ by him1 h[ev]1 9 oil1 ?\gh ,i h  
no reason = refus+ him ! degree (       
reputation s g5]al among ! m9iaturi/s2 &
 ! portrait at ,tur91 describ$ 9 !      
pres5t volume 7p4 #aja71 ought c]ta9ly  
,i ?9k to be attribut$ to him r ?an to  
,antonio ,allegri4 ,he long fl\ri%$ 9   
,v5ice1 visit$ ,rome1 & di$ at 8 native 
place4 ,! next ,i h to add to ?is li/ is
 a "n unkn[n1 z f> z ,i c le>n1 to      
hi/ory1 & "o :i* ,i only discov]$ f a   
beautiful design ,i happ5$ to meet ) 9 a

 collection by ,fa!r ,fontana ,b>nabita1
 a collection m5tion$ by me )           
comm5dation 9 my fir/ volume 7p4 #ge74  
,8 "n is ,antonio ,bruno1 a native (    
,mod5a1 & an arti/ :o ably emulat$ !    
g5ius ( ,coreggio 9 8 grace1 8 nature1 8
 =e%ort5+s1 & 8 broad lights1 ?\gh ) f> 
less correct a p5cil4  ,fur!r1 among !  
s*ol>s ( ,p>ma1 !re rema9 sev]al :o     
acquir$ less fame4 ,a ,daniello de ,por 
is m5tion$ by ,vas>i 9 8 life ( ,taddeo 
,zucc>o1 :o1 accord+ to 8 acc\nt1       
receiv$ "s assi/ance f ,daniello1 m 9 ! 
way ( in/ructions ?an example4 ,yet he  
records no o!r ( 8 productions besides a
 piece 9 fresco1 to be se5 at ,vito1 ne>
 ,sora1 :]e he invit$ ,zucc>o to jo9 him
 z an assi/ant2 nor does x appe> t he   
comm5ds him = any ?+ beyond hav+ acquir$
 f ,coreggio & ,p>migian9o a tol]able   
degree ( s(tness ( mann]4 ,9 fact he mu/
 h r occupi$ ! place ( a j\rneyman ?an (
 an assi/ant ( ,coreggio1 & ,i suspect  
he is ! same f :om ,vas>i obta9$ "s     
in=mation respect+ ?is arti/1 9         

p>ticul>1 su* z relat$ to 8 av>ice1 :i* 
! hi/orian _h assur$ly no reason ei!r = 
disbeliev+ or inv5t+4 ,b a sup]ior pupil
 ( ! same s*ool w be f\nd 9 ,m4         
,torelli1 call$ a native ( ,milan 9 !   
,,ms4 ( ,re/a1 :]e he is m5tion$ z !    
companion ( ,rondani1 9 execut+ !       
,frieze at ,san ,giovanni 9 ,p>ma1 pa9t$
 9 *i>oscuro4 ,x 0 tak5 f ! design (    
,coreggio1 :o receiv$ likewise ! proce$s
 f ! "w4 ,x is add$ by ,ratti1 t ! fir/ 
cloi/] ( ! same mona/]y 0 also adorn$ ) 
s+ul> felicity by ! same h&4  ,! names (
 ! foll[+ arti/s all enjoy m or less    
celebrity 9 ,italy at ! pres5t day2 b x 
is n !re=e c]ta9 t !y 7 all ! pupils (  
,coreggio1 nor t !y all obs]v$ ! same   
mann]4 ,l "y swimm]s1 "s ( !m seem      
cauti\s ( leav+ ! side ( _! ma/]1 :ile  
o!rs appe> fe>ful only ( be+ se5 to     
approa* him too ne>ly1 z if pr\d ( !    
skill !y _h already acquir$4 ,to ! fir/ 
class belongs ,rondani1 :o 0 employ$    
along ) ,coreggio at ! *ur* ( ,s4       
,giovanni1 & to him is *iefly attribut$ 

a grotesque conta9$ 9 ! mona/]y1 assign$
 to ! s*ool ( ,antonio1 ?\gh we may     
detect "s figures ( *]ubs :i* appe> f ! 
ma/]'s h&4 ,yet ,rondani 0 accu/om$ to  
imitate 8 ma/] pretty accurately 9 8    
individual figures2 & on ! ext]ior ( !  
*ur* ( ,s4 ,m>ia ,maddal5a1 he drew a   
,madonna1 t 9 want ( hi/orical evid5ce1 
might h be5 attribut$ to ,coreggio4 ,!re
 is also an alt>-piece at ! ,eremitani1 
repres5t+ sa9ts ,ago/9o & ,g]onimo1 s   
mu* 9 ! ,coreggio mann] z to be e/eem$  
"o ( ! be/ pictures 9 ,p>ma4 ,b ,rondani
 0 unable to rea* ! gr&eur ( ! head ( ! 
s*ool2 he is accus$ on ! o!r h& ( hav+  
be5 too c>eful & m9ute 9 ! access>ies ( 
8 art1 :i* we ga!r1 inde$1 f "o ( 8     
frescos 9 a *apel ( ! ca!dral1 & 9 g5]al
 f 8 o!r works4 ,!y are r>ely to be met 
) 9 collections1 ?\gh ,i h se5 "o ( 8   
,madonnas1 ) a ,*ild1 9 possession ( !  
,m>*esi ,sc>ani at ,bologna1 ! figure   
be>+ a swall[ 9 h] h&1 9 allusion to !  
pa9t]'s "n2 besides ! portrait ( a man1 
drap$ & design$ 9 ! ,giorgione ta/e1 at 

! h\se ( ! ,sig4 ,bett9elli 9 ,mantua4  
,i h already allud$ to ,mi*elangiolo    
,anselmi1 9 ! s*ool ( ,si5a1 & ,i aga9  
prep>e to treat ( him m fully1 f        
docum5ts s9ce publi%$1 or :i* ,i h s9ce 
read4 ,^u ! au?ority ( ^! x is v c]ta9 t
 he trac$ 8 family sev]al g5]ations back
 to ! city ( ,p>ma2 ?\gh he is d5om9at$ 
da ,lucca1 f ! circum/ance ( 8 hav+ be5 
born at t place1 accord+ to ,ratti1 9   
#aeia2 & he has be5 also call$ da ,si5a1
 because1 z ,i am incl9$ to conjecture1 
he may h resid$ & pursu$ 8 /udies !re   
:ile "y4 ,re/a1 9 ! ,,ms4 ,i h s        
frequ5tly cit$1 cont5ds t he acquir$ 8  
art f ,sodoma2 ,azzol9i1 f ,riccio1     
son-9-law to ,sodoma1 bo? ( :om are kn[n
 to h rema9$ a consid]able "t at ,lucca4
 ,!re he may h be5 in/ruct$ 9 ! fir/    
rudim5ts1 & aft]w>ds h complet$ 8 /udies
 at ,si5a1 :]e he produc$ ! alt>-piece (
 ,fontegiu/a1 :i* be>s no traces ( !    
,lomb>d /yle4 ,:5 practis$ 9 ! art he   
return$ to ,p>ma1 he 0 old] ?an         
,coreggio1 & !n only capable ( improv+ 8

 /yle by avail+ himself ( 8 advice &    
example1 9 ! same way z ,g>(olo & _m    
o!rs1 by ! example ( ,raffaello4  ,:5 9 
! ye> #aebb ,coreggio 0 engag$ to pa9t !
 cupola ( ! ca!dral & ! great tribune1  
,anselmi1 toge!r ) ,rondani1 &          
,p>migian9o1 7 fix$ ^u to adorn !       
contigu\s *apels4 ,! und]tak+ 0 nev]    
execut$2 b su* a selection %ews t he 0  
e/eem$ capable ( accompany+ ! /yle (    
,coreggio1 & 8 works suffici5tly atte/ t
 he became a devot$ foll[] ( x4 ,he is  
full 9 8 outl9es1 extremely /udi$ 9 !   
heads1 gl[+ 9 8 t9ts1 & v p>tial to !   
use ( r$1 :i* he contrives to v>y & to  
break z x 7 into diff]5t col\rs 9 ! same
 picture4 ,p]haps 8 lea/ m]it consi/s 9 
8 composition1 :i* he sometimes ov]loads
 ) figures4 ,he pa9t$ 9 v>i\s *ur*es at 
,p>ma2 & "o ( ! mo/ pleas+ ( 8          
productions1 approa*+ ne>e/ to 8 great  
model1 is at ,s4 ,/efano1 9 :i* ,s4     
,john ! ,bapti/1 along ) ! titul> sa9t1 
is se5 kneel+ at ! feet ( ! ,virg94 ,8  
l>ge/ "w1 h[ev]1 is to be met ) at !    

,/eccata1 :]e1 ^u ! te/imony ( ,vas>i1  
he execut$ ! c>toons ( ,giulio ,romano4 
,b ?is is disprov$ by ! contract1 :i*   
assigns to ,anselmi himself a *amb] 9   
:i* to compose 8 c>toons2 nor did       
,giulio d m ?an s5d a r\gh sket* ( ! "w 
to ,p>ma4 ,9 collections 8 specim5s are 
r>e & valuable1 al?\gh he fl\ri%$1 to   
say ! lea/1 z late z ! ye> #aeed1 9 :i* 
he add$ a codicil to 8 w4  ,b]n>d9o     
,gatti1 nam$ f 8 fa!r's pr(ession       
,soi>o1 ( :om ,i %all aga9 make m5tion 9
 ! ,cremonese ,s*ool1 is an arti/1 :o1 9
 diff]5t c\ntries1 left v>i\s specim5s (
 8 art4 ,p>ma1 ,piac5za1 & ,cremona     
ab\nd ) !m4 ,he ranks among ! lea/      
d\btful disciples ( ,coreggio1 & 0      
/rongly atta*$ to 8 maxims1 m especially
 9 reg>d to ! subjects treat$ by ! h& ( 
8 ma/]4 ,8 picture ( a ,pieta1 at !     
,magdal51 9 ,p>ma1 t ( 8 ,repose 9      
,egypt1 at ,s4 ,sigismond1 9 ,cremona1 )
 8 ,*ri/ 9 ! ,mang]1 at ,s4 ,pet]'s1 9 !
 same city1 af=d ample evid5ce ( 8 p[] (
 imitat+ ,coreggio )\t becom+ a s]vile  

copyi/4 ,no "o has emulat$ him bett] 9 !
 delicacy ( 8 c\nt5ances4 ,8 "y girls & 
8 boys appe> animat$ ) ! _s ( innoc5ce1 
grace1 & beauty4 ,he is fond ( :iti% &  
cle> gr\nds1 & infuses a sweetness into 
8 :ole col\r+ :i* =ms "o ( 8            
*>act]i/ics4 ,nor does he want relief 9 
8 figures1 f :i*1 l ! head ( ! s*ool1 he
 seems nev] to h remov$ 8 h& until he _h
 r5d]$ !m 9 e way p]fect & complete4 ,he
 possess$ s+ul> tal5t = copy+1 z well z 
= imitat+ ^? ma/]s :om he _h engag$ to  
assi/4 ,he succe$$ to ! place (         
,pord5one1 9 ,piac5za1 :]e he pa9t$ !   
rema9d] ( ! tribune at ,s4 ,m4 di       
,campagna1 ( :i* ,vas>i obs]ves1 t !    
:ole appe>$ ! "w ( ! same h&4 ,8 picture
 ( ,s4 ,george1 at ! same *ur*1 is      
des]v+ ( m5tion1 plac$ opposite t ( ,s4 
,augu/9e by ,pord5one1 a figure display+
 p[]ful relief & action1 :i* he execut$ 
f ! design ( ,giulio ,romano1 at !      
reque/1 x is suppos$1 ( ! p]son :o gave 
! commission4 ,we may =m an e/imate ( 8 
unassi/$ p[]s by :at he has left 9 !    

*ur*es ( ,p>ma1 & m p>ticul>ly 9 !      
cupola ( ! ,/eccata4 ,x is an excell5t  
production 9 e "p1 & 9 its pr9cipal     
figure ( ! ,virg9 truly surpris+4 ,ano!r
 ( 8 pieces repres5t+ ! ,multiplication 
( ,loaves1 is highly des]v+ ( m5tion4 ,x
 0 execut$ = ! ,refectory ( ! ,padri    
,lat]an5si at ,cremona1 & to ?is 8 "n1 )
 ! date ( #aeeb1 is affix$4 ,x may be   
acc\nt$ "o ( ! mo/ copi\s pa9t+s to be  
met ) 9 any religi\s refectory1 full (  
figures l>g] ?an ! life1 & v>i$ equal to
 any 9 po9t ( features1 drap]y1 &       
attitudes1 besides a ri* display (      
novelty & fancy2 ! :ole conduct$ ^u a   
gr& scale1 ) a happy union & ta/e (     
col\r+1 :i* s]ves to excuse a degree (  
incorrectness 9 reg>d to 8 a]ial        
p]spective4 ,!re rema9 few ( 8 pieces 9 
private collections1 a great numb] hav+ 
be5 transf]r$ into =eign c\ntries1      
p>ticul>ly into ,spa94  ,giorgio ,g&9i1 
likewise surnam$ del ,grano1 f ! mat]nal
 bran* ( 8 family1 0 an arti/ =m]ly     
ref]r$ to ,mantua1 b :o has s9ce be5    

claim$ by ,padre ,affo1 :o trac$ 8      
g5ealogy = ! city ( ,p>ma4 ,accord+ to !
 acc\nt ( ,orl&i he 0 n only a pupil (  
,coreggio1 b "o ^: pieces 7 frequ5tly   
ret\*$ by ! h& ( 8 ma/]4 ,p4 ,zapata1 :o
 illu/rat$ 9 a lat9 "w ! *ur*es ( ,p>ma1
 ascribes to him ! pr9cipal pa9t+ 9 ,s4 
,mi*ele1 ! same :i*1 9 ! ,guide ( ,ruta1
 0 attribut$ by mi/ake to ,lelio di     
,novell>a4 ,x is "o calculat$ to reflect
 hon\r ^u t s*ool1 f its p[] ( col\r+1  
its relief1 & its ease & sweetness ( h&1
 ?\gh x occasionally displays a some:at 
too caprici\s fancy4 ,h[ highly he 0    
e/eem$ by 8 fell[ citiz5s may be inf]r$ 
f ! commission :i* !y allott$ him to    
pa9t ! tribune ( ! ca!dral1 z a         
sub/itute = ,coreggio1 :o di$ be=e he   
comm5c$ ! task :i* he _h accept$4 ,!    
same happ5$ to ,g&9i1 & ! commission 0  
be/[$ ^u a ?ird arti/1 ,girolamo        
,mazzuola1 ^: g5ius 0 n !n suffici5tly  
matur$ to cope ) su* va/ und]tak+s4  ,! 
names ( ,lelio ,orsi & ,girolamo da     
,c>pi1 ,i assign to ano!r place1 bo? (  

:om are enum]at$ by o!r writ]s 9 ! s*ool
 ( ,p>ma4 ,= ?is alt]ation ,i %all give 
a suffici5t reason :5 ,i m5tion !m4 ,!  
la/ belong+ to ! pres5t class1 are ! two
 ,mazzuoli2 & ,i comm5ce ) ,francesco1  
call$ ,p>migian9o1 ^: life1 by ,fa!r    
,affo1 has be5 already writt54 ,?is     
writ] does n rank him 9 ! li/ (         
,coreggio's s*ol>s1 b 9 t ( 8 two       
uncles1 9 ^: /udio he is suppos$ to h   
pa9t$ 8 ,baptism ( ,*ri/1 :i* is n[ 9   
possession ( ! ,conti ,sanvitali1 & z ! 
production ( a boy ( f\rte5 ye>s ( age1 
x is inde$ a wond]ful ef=t ( g5ius4 ,x  
is rem>k$ by ! same hi/orian ( 8 life1 t
 hav+ se5 ! works ( ,coreggio1          
,francesco began to imitate him2 & !re  
are "s pictures ascrib$ to him at t     
p]iod1 :i* are evid5tly =m$ ^u t great  
model4 ,( su* k9d1 is a ,holy ,family1  
belong+ to ! ,presid5t ,b]tioli1 & a ,s4
 ,b]n>d9o1 at ! ,padri ,oss]vanti1 9    
,p>ma4 ,indep5d5tly ( ^!1 ! fact (      
,francesco's hav+ be5 *os51 toge!r )    
,rondani & ,anselmi1 to decorate a *apel

 ne> ! ,cupola ( ,coreggio1 %ews1 t he  
mu/ h acquir$ great simil>ity ( /yle1 & 
possess$ docility1 equal to ! o!r two1 9
 foll[+ ! directions ( su* a ma/]4 ,he  
_h too mu* confid5ce1 h[ev]1 9 8 own    
p[]s1 to be second 9 ! mann] ( ano!r    
arti/1 :5 he 0 capable ( =m+ "o ( 8 own4
 ,& ?is he subsequ5tly a*iev$2 = ow+ to 
! delays exp]i5c$ 9 ! above und]tak+1 he
 _h "t to make ! t\r ( ,italy1 & meet+ )
 ,giulio1 9 ,mantua1 & ,raffaello1 at   
,rome1 he proce$$ to =m a /yle t has be5
 pron\nc$ orig9al4 ,x is at once great1 
noble1 & dignifi$2 n ab\nd+ 9 figures1 b
 r5d]+ a few capable ( fill+ a l>ge     
canvass1 z we may obs]ve 9 8 ,s4 ,rocco1
 at ,san ,petronio1 9 ,bologna2 or 9 8  
,moses1 at ! ,/eccata ( ,p>ma1 s        
celebrat$ a specim5 ( *i>oscuro4  ,!    
prevail+ "*1 h[ev]1 9 :i* ?is arti/ s   
greatly %one1 0 grace ( mann]2 a grace  
:i* won = him at ,rome t mo/ flatt]+ (  
all eulogies1 t ! _s ( ,raffaello _h    
pass$ into ,p>migian9o4 ,among 8 designs
 are to be se5 repeat$ specim5s ( ! same

 figure1 drawn = ! purpose ( rea*+ !    
highe/ degree ( grace1 9 ! p]son1 9 !   
attitudes1 & 9 ! lightness ( 8 drap]y1 9
 :i* he is admirable4 ,x is ! op9ion (  
,alg>otti1 t he sometimes c>ri$ 8 heads 
to an extreme1 s z to bord] ^u          
effem9acy2 a judgm5t analog\s to !      
previ\s obs]vation ( ,ago/9o ,c>acci1 t 
he c\ld wi% a pa9t] to h a little (     
,p>migian9o's grace2 n all1 because he  
conceiv$ t he _h too mu*4 ,9 ! op9ion ( 
o!rs1 8 excessive /udy ( :at 0 graceful 
l$ him sometimes to select proportions  
some:at too long1 no less 9 respect to  
/ature ?an 9 ! f+]s & ! neck1 z we may  
obs]ve 9 8 celebrat$ ,madonna1 at !     
,pitti ,palace1 :i*1 f ?is defect1      
obta9$ ! appellation ( collo lungo1 or  
long neck2#bf b x boa/$ likewise ( its  
advocates4 ,8 col\r+1 also1 evid5tly    
aims at grace1 & = ! mo/ "p is pres]v$  
mod]ate1 discreet1 & well temp]$1 z if !
 arti/ fe>$1 by too mu* brilliancy1 to  
(f5d ! eye2 :i*1 bo? 9 draw+s & pa9t+s1 
is apt to dim9i% grace4 ,if we admit    

,albano z a good judge1 ,p>migian9o 0 n 
v /udi\s ( expression1 9 :i* he has left
 few examples2 if1 inde$1 we are n to   
consid] ! grace t animates 8 *]ubs & o!r
 delicate figures1 z m]it+ ! "n (       
expression1 or if t t]m apply only to ! 
passions1 z v abundantly supply+ its    
place4 ,x is1 9 tru?1 on acc\nt ( ?is   
r>e exhibition ( grace1 t e ?+ is       
p>don$1 & t 9 him defects !mselves appe>
 m]itori\s4    ,footnote #bf3 ,he might 
h plead$ ! example ( ! anci5ts1      :o 
9 _! drap$ /atues1 obs]v$ simil>        
proportions1      9 ord] to avoid fall+ 
into vulg>ity4 ,! l5g? ( !      f+]s 0 r
 subject ( praise1 z is notic$ by !     
comm5tators on ,catullus4 7,see 8 #dd?  
,ode47 ,a long neck 9      virg9s is    
inculcat$ by ,malvasia1 z a precept ( ! 
art1      7tom4 i4 p4 #cjc72 & ! ,c4    
,lazz>9i drew 8 ,madonnas      accord+  
to ?is rule4 ,^! obs]vations are all    
int5d$      to be appli$ ) t judgm5t1   
:i*1 9 e art1 is      n presum$ to be   
taught1 b und]/ood4  ,he w\ld seem to h 

be5 sl[ 9 8 conceptions1 be+ accu/om$ to
 =m ! :ole piece 9 idea1 be=e he once   
h&l$ 8 p5cil2 b 0 !n rapid 9 8          
execution4 ,/rokes ( 8 p5cil may        
sometimes be trac$ s v d>+ & decid$1 t  
,albano pron\nces !m div9e1 & decl>es1 t
 to 8 exp]i5ce 9 design1 he 0 indebt$ = 
t unequall$ skill1 :i* he always unit$  
to great dilig5ce & high f9i%4 ,8 works1
 inde$1 are n all equally well &        
p[]fully col\r$1 nor produce ! same     
degree ( effect2 ?\gh !re are sev]al :i*
 are conduct$ ) s mu* feel+ & en?usiasm 
z to h be5 ascrib$ to ,coreggio himself4
 ,su* is ! picture ( ,love1 engag$ 9    
fabricat+ 8 b[1 :ile at 8 feet appe> two
 *]ubs1 "o laugh+ & ! o!r weep+2 a      
piece1 ( :i* a numb] ( duplicates1      
besides t conta9$ 9 ! imp]ial gall]y1   
are enum]at$1 s great a fav\rite 0 x    
ei!r ) ! arti/ or "s o!r p]son4 ,9 reg>d
 to ?is production1 ,i agree ) ,vas>i1  
^: au?ority is fur!r confirm$ by ,fa!r  
,affo & o!r judges1 :om ,i h consult$ ^u
 ! subject2 al?\gh x is true t ?is      

,cupid1 toge!r ) ! ,ganym$e1 & ! ,l$a1  
:i* are m5tion$ 9 ! same context1 7p4   
#cjb71 h be5 positively assign$ by      
,bos*9i to ,coreggio1 an op9ion t       
cont9ues to be c\nt5anc$ by _m o!r      
p]sons4  ,8 m9or pa9t+s1 8 portraits1 8 
y\?ful heads1 & holy figures1 are n v   
r>e1 & "s are f\nd multipli$ 9 diff]5t  
places4 ,"o t has be5 ! mo/ frequ5tly   
repeat$ 9 collections1 is a picture ( ! 
,virg9 & ,infant ) ,s4 ,giovanni2 :ile !
 figures ( ,/4 ,ca!r9e & ,zacc>ias1 or  
"s simil> ag$ head1 are to be se5 v ne> 
!m4 ,x 0 =m]ly met ) 9 ! ,f>nese gall]y1
 at ,p>ma1 & is /ill to be se51         
sometimes ! same1 & sometimes v>i$1 9 ! 
royal gall]y1 at ,flor5ce2 9 !          
,capitol9e2 9 ^? ( ! pr9ces ,cors9i1    
,borghesi1 & ,albani1 at ,rome4 ,9      
,p>ma1 also1 x is 9 possession ( !      
,abate ,mazza1#bg & is f\nd 9 o!r       
places2 insomu*1 t x is difficult to    
suppose t !y c\ld all h be5 repeat$ by  
,p>migian9o1 h[ev] old 9 appe>ance4 ,he 
produc$ few copi\s compositions1 su* z !

 ,prea*+ ( ,*ri/ to ! ,cr[d1 :i* is     
conta9$ 9 a *amb] ( ! royal palace1 at  
,colorno1 =m+ a real jewel ( t beautiful
 & pleasant villa4 ,8 alt>-pieces are n 
num]\s1 ( :i*1 h[ev]1 none is m highly  
e/imat$ ?an 8 ,/4 ,m>g>ita1 at ,bologna4
 ,x is ri* 9 figures1 :i* ! ,c>acci 7   
nev] we>y ( /udy+2 :ile ,guido1 9 a sort
 ( transport ( admiration1 pref]r$ x ev5
 to ! ,/4 ,cecilia ( ,raffaello4 ,8     
fresco1 :i* he began at ! ,/eccata1 is a
 s+ul> production2 besides ! figure (   
,moses1 exhibit$ 9 *i>oscuro1 he pa9t$  
,adam & ,eve1 ) sev]al ,virtues1 )\t1   
h[ev]1 complet+ ! und]tak+ = :i* he _h  
be5 remun]at$4 ,! hi/ory ( ! affair is r
 long1 & is to be f\nd 9 ,fa!r ,affo1   
:]e x is dive/$ ( _m idle tales1 ) :i* x
 _h be5 conf\nd$4 ,i %all m]ely /ate1 t 
! arti/ 0 ?r[n into prison = hav+ ab&on$
 8 task1 & aft]w>ds l$ a fugitive life 9
 ,casale1 :]e he %ortly di$1 9 8        
?irty-sev5? ye>1 exactly at ! same age z
 8 pr$ecessor ,raffaello4 ,he 0 lam5t$ z
 "o ( ! fir/ lum9>ies1 n only ( ! art ( 

pa9t+1 b ( engrav+2 ?\gh ( ?is la/ ,i   
mu/ say no?+1 9 ord] n to deviate f !   
plan ,i h laid d[n4    ,footnote #bg3 ,x
 is m5tion$ & comp>$ ) t ( !            
,borghesi1 79 bo? ! virg9 is se5 on "o  
side7 by ,p4      ,affo1 9 a lett] edit$
 by ! ,advocate ,brami]i1 9 !      notes
 to ! ,elogio d',ir5eo ,affo1 compos$ by
 ,p4 ,d4      ,pompilio ,pozzetti2 a v  
excell5t s*ol>1 7no less ?an      8     
annotator17 & des]v+ to /& high 9 !     
e/imation ( all le>n$ ,italians4  ,p>ma 
0 9 "s degree consol$ = ! loss (        
,francesco1 by ,girolamo di ,mi*ele     
,mazzuola1 8 pupil & 8 c\s94 ,!y _h be5 
intimate f ! ye> #aebj1 & app>5tly _h   
contract$ _! fri5d%ip "s ye>s be=e      
,francesco set out = ,rome1 :i* 0       
cont9u$ unabat$ aft] 8 return4 ,mo/     
probably1 h[ev]1 x at l5g? exp]i5c$ an  
int]ruption1 ow+ to :i* ,francesco nam$ 
two /rang]s 8 heirs1 omitt+ 8 c\s94 ,?is
 la/ is n kn[n beyond ,p>ma & its       
conf9es1 ?\gh he 0 des]v+ ( m ext5sive  
fame1 9 p>ticul> = 8 /rong impa/o1 & 8 k

 ( col\r+1 9 :i* he has few equals4 ,!re
 is reason to suppose1 t "s ( ! works   
ascrib$ to ,francesco1 m especially su* 
z display$ w>m] & /rong] t9ts1 7 ei!r   
execut$ or repeat$ by ?is arti/4 ,n hav+
 be5 9 ,rome1 ,girolamo 0 m atta*$ to ! 
s*ool ( ,coreggio1 ?an ,francesco1 & 9 8
 /yle compos$ 8 picture ( ! ,m>riage (  
,/4 ,ca!r9e1 = ! *ur* ( ! ,c>m9e2 a     
piece t proves h[ well he c\ld exhibit t
 great ma/]'s "*4 ,he 0 excell5t 9      
p]spective1 & 9 ! ,supp] ( our ,"l1     
pa9t$ = ! refectory ( ,s4 ,giovanni1 he 
repres5t$ a colonnade s beautiful1 &    
well adapt$ to produce illusion1 z to   
compete ) ! be/ specim5s f ! h& (       
,pozzo4 ,he c\ld1 moreov]1 boa/ ease &  
h>mony1 ) a f9e *i>oscuro2 :ile 9 8 l>g]
 compositions 9 fresco1 he 0 inv5tive1  
v>i$1 & animat$4 ,no s+le arti/1 among 8
 fell[ citiz5s1 _h ! m]it ( decorat+ !  
*ur*es ( ,p>ma ) an equal numb] ( oil   
pa9t+s2 no "o produc$ m 9 fresco = !    
ca!dral & = ! ,/eccata2 to say no?+ ( 8 
lab\rs at ,s4 ,b5$etto1 9 ,mantua1 &    

else:]e4 ,x is f ?is rage = accompli%+  
too mu*1 t we f9d s _m ( 8 pieces t are 
calculat$ to surprise u at fir/ sight1  
dim9i% 9 m]it ^u an exam9ation ( _!     
p>ticul> p>ts4 ,n a few defects are     
obs]vable amid/ all 8 beauties2 ! design
 9 8 nak$ figures is extremely c>eless2 
8 grace is c>ri$ to a degree (          
affectation1 & 8 m spirit$ attitudes are
 viol5t4 ,b ^! faults are n :olly       
attributable to him1 inasmu* z he       
occasionally pa9t$ ! same "w 9          
conjunction ) o!r arti/s4 ,?is occurr$ 9
 8 l>ge picture ( ! ,multiplication (   
,loaves plac$ at ,s4 ,b5$etto1 9        
,mantua1 9 :i*1 f docum5ts discov]$ by !
 ,ab4 ,m>i1 ,girolamo w\ld appe> to h   
be5 assi/$ 9 8 lab\rs2 !re are 9 x gr\ps
 ( figures1 ^: beauty w\ld conf] cr$it  
^u any arti/2 :ile1 on ! o!r h&1 !re are
 faults & imbecilities t mu/ h proce$$ f
 "s o!r p5cil4 ,x is true t he has      
admitt$ ! same 9 o!r ( 8 works1 & !re !y
 are :olly to be ascrib$ to 8 ha/e4 ,we 
likewise f9d m5tion ( an ,aless&ro      

,mazzuola1 son ( ,girolamo1 :o pa9t$ 9 !
 ca!dral1 9 #aega2 b he is a weak       
imitator ( ! family /yle2 ! usual fate (
 pictoric families1 :5 arriv$ at ! ?ird 
g5]ation4  ,su* 0 ! /ate ( ! art 9 ,p>ma
 ab\t ! middle ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 at   
:i* p]iod ! ,f>nese family acquir$      
dom9ion !re1 & greatly contribut$ to    
promote ! int]e/ ( t s*ool4 ,coreggio's 
disciples _h already produc$ pupils 9 _!
 turn2 & ?\gh x be difficult to asc]ta9 
f :at s*ool ea* arti/ proce$$1 x is easy
 to conjecture1 f _! respective ta/es1 t
 !y 7 all incl9$ to pursue ! c>e] ( !   
two mo/ illu/ri\s ma/]s ( ! s*ool (     
,p>ma2 yet ,mazzuola 01 p]haps1 m foll[$
 ?an ,coreggio4 ,x is too fav\rite an   
op9ion1 bo? ) dilettanti & arti/s1 t !  
new /yle mu/ inv>iably be ! mo/         
beautiful2 p]mitt+ fa%ion ev5 to corrupt
 ! arts4 ,p>migian9o1 p]haps1 educat$ no
 o!r pupil besides 8 c\s92 ,daniel da   
,p>ma _h /udi$ also "u ,coreggio2 &     
,bati/a ,=n>i1 aft] acquir+ little m ?an
 a k ( design f ,francesco1 turn$ 8     

att5tion to sculpture1 produc+1 among   
o!r f9e /atues1 = ! ,duke ,ottavio      
,f>nese1 ! ,neptune1 :i* is n[ plac$ 9 !
 royal g>d5s4 ,! "n ( ,jacopo ,b]toia1  
7(t5 writt5 by mi/ake ,giac9to7 has be5 
add$ by "s to ?is li/4 ,he 0 a good deal
 employ$ by ! c\rt at ,p>ma & ,capr>ola2
 & n v long ago1 "s ( 8 small pa9t+s 7  
transf]r$ f ! palace ( ! royal g>d5 into
 ! academy4 ,! subjects are fabul\s1 &  
bo? 9 ! figures ( 8 nymphs1 & 9 e ?+    
else1 ! grace ( ,francesco is v         
p]ceptible4 ,yet ! memorials discov]$ by
 ,p4 ,affo1 d n p]mit u to "n           
,p>migian9o z 8 ma/]4 ,he 0 /ill "y 9   
#aegc1 & ,lomazzo1 9 8 ,tempio1 calls   
him ! pupil ( ,ercole ,procacc9i4 ,he   
produc$ _m small pictures = private     
ornam5t1 :i* 7 at "o "t 9 great repute2 
nor does ,p>ma possess any l>ge pa9t+ by
 8 h&1 except+ two bann]s = companies or
 associations4  ,x is r1 likewise1 f a  
resemblance ( /yle1 ?an ^u hi/orical    
au?ority1 t "o ,pomponio ,amidano has   
be5 enum]at$ among ! pupils (           

,p>migian9o4 ,he may be m5tion$1 h[ev]1 
z "o ( 8 mo/ /r5u\s foll[]s2 insomu* z  
to h _h "o ( 8 alt>-pieces1 :i* adorns !
 *ur* ( ,madonna del ,qu>ti]e1 attribut$
 ev5 by no common arti/s to ! h& (      
,francesco4 ,x is ! mo/ beautiful "w (  
its au?or t ! city ( ,p>ma has to boa/4 
,! /yle ( ?is arti/ is full & noble1 7 x
 n1 adds ! ,cav4 ,ratti1 t x is         
sometimes apt to appe> some:at flat4    
,pi] ,antonio ,b]nabei1 call$ della     
,casa1 does n belong to ! s*ool (       
,p>migian9o1 b is to be ref]r$ to "s o!r
 assi/ant or pupil ( ,coreggio4 ,i _c   
acc\nt = ! slight praise be/[$ ^u him by
 ,orl&i1 :5 8 pa9t+ ( ! cupola at !     
,madonna del ,qu>ti]e is calculat$ to   
impress u ) ! op9ion t 8 p[]s 7 equal to
 ^? ( any arti/ :o !n fl\ri%$ 9         
,lomb>dy1 or ev5 9 ,italy1 z a pa9t] (  
frescos4 ,he !re repres5t$1 z 0 v common
 ^u ! cupolas1 a ,p>adise1 v full1 b )\t
 any confusion2 ) figures 9 ! ,coreggio 
8 t9ts are p[]ful1 & reliev$ ) a =ce :i*
 might be pron\nc$ sup]flu\s 9 ! m      

di/ant figures1 f a defici5cy ( ! due   
gradations4 ,?is cupola /ill rema9s     
p]fectly entire aft] ! lapse ( m ?an two
 c5turies1 & is 8 great ma/]piece1 ?\gh 
"s ( 8 o!r pa9t+s likewise produce a    
great effect4 ,aurelio ,b>ili1 &        
,innoc5zio ,m>t9i1 ( ,p>ma1 mu/ h enjoy$
 v consid]able reputation 9 _! day1 hav+
 be5 employ$ at ,s4 ,giovanni & !       
,/eccata3 "s specim5s ( _! fresco "w are
 /ill po9t$ out1 b are ca/ into ! %ade  
by ! vic9ity ( m attractive beauties4   
,ab\t ! same p]iod ano!r subject ( !    
same /ate pa9t$1 9 8 native place (     
,piac5za4 ,8 "n 0 ,giulio ,mazzoni1 at  
"o "t pupil to ,daniel da ,volt]ra1 9 ! 
life ( :om he is mu* comm5d$ by ,vas>i4 
,"s figures ( ! ,evangeli/s /ill rema9 9
 ! ca!dral by 8 h&1 ?\gh ! ceil+ ( ,s4  
,m4 di ,campagna1 :i* he adorn$ )       
hi/ories1 has be5 r5ew$ by ano!r p5cil4 
,he did n acquire a k ( =e%ort5+ 9 !    
s*ool ( ,daniello1 & "h he fail$1 h[ev] 
respectable 9 o!r po9ts4     ,,s*ool ,,(
 ,,p>ma4     ,,epo* ,,iii4       ,p>mese

 ,pupils ( ! ,c>acci1 & ( o!r ,=eign]s1 
until ! p]iod ( ! ,f\ndation ( !        
,academy4   ,9 ! ye> #aegj1 :5 ! mo/    
celebrat$ imitators ( ! ,coreggio mann] 
7 ei!r greatly advanc$ 9 ye>s1 or       
already deceas$1 ! ,p>mese ,s*ool began 
to give place to t ( ,bologna2 & ,i     
proce$ to expla9 ! mode1 & ! causes :i*1
 p>tly by design & p>tly by *ance1 l$ to
 t ev5t4 ,x 0 int5d$ to ornam5t a *apel 
9 ! ca!dral1 a commission be/[$ ^u      
,rondani & ,p>migian9o1 b :i*1 ?r\gh a  
v>iety ( int]ruptions1 _h be5 s long    
def]r$1 t bo? arti/s di$ be=e und]tak+  
x4 ,orazio ,samma*9i 0 !n invit$ f      
,bologna2 he gave satisfaction1 & if ,i 
mi/ake n1 d]iv$ great improvem5t f 8    
/udy ( ,coreggio1 :om he m ne>ly        
resembl$ ?an any o!r ,bolognese arti/ ( 
t age4 ,ercole ,procacc9i1 likewise1    
pa9t$ 9 ! dome itself2 nor 0 x long be=e
 ,ces>e ,aretusi 0 invit$ f ,bologna1 to
 become c\rt pa9t] to ,duke ,ranuccio4  
,?is arti/1 z we be=e obs]v$1 0 employ$ 
9 re/or+ ! pa9t+ ( ! tribune at ,s4     

,giovanni4 ,9 ord] to l5g!n ! *oir1 x 0 
resolv$ to de/roy ! old tribune2 b su*  
p>ts z ,coreggio _h !re pa9t$1 7 to be  
correctly repeat$ to adorn ! new2 an    
example t des]ves to be adopt$ z a law1 
:]ev] ! f9e arts are held 9 e/eem4 ,we  
are in=m$ by ,malvasia1 t ,aretusi      
und]took ?is task1 ?\gh he refus$ to    
take a copy ( x ^u ! spot2 obs]v+1 t su*
 an employm5t 0 m adapt$ = a pupil ?an =
 a ma/]4 ,annibal ,c>acci 0 9 consequ5ce
 ( ?is call$ 91 & assi/$ by 8 bro!r     
,ago/9o1 he took a copy ( t va/ "w 9    
v>i\s portions1 :i* are n[ at ,capo di  
,monte4 ,guid$ by ^!1 ,aretusi 0        
aft]w>ds enabl$ to repa9t ! new edifice 
9 ! ye> #aehg4 ,to ?is acc\nt ,affo     
opposes ! contract ( ,aretusi1 drawn out
 9 #aehf1 :]e he b9ds himself to make an
 excell5t copy ( ! ,madonna ,coronata2 &
 provision is promis$ him = a boy :o is 
to prep>e ! c>toons3 a circum/ance t _c 
be made applicable to ,annibal1 :o      
appe>$ 9 ! "* ( a ma/] z e>ly z #aehf4  
,:at conclusion we are to draw f su* a  

fact1 no less ?an f ! c>toons s g5]ally 
attribut$ to ,annibal1 & :i* are        
pron\nc$ wor?y ( 8 h&1 qua]]e di/uli2   
nec scire fas e/ omnia4 ,hor4 ,i %all   
m]ely obs]ve1 t ,annibal1 aft] sp5d+    
sev]al mon?s 9 /udy+ & copy+ ,coreggio  
dur+ #aehj1 frequ5tly return$ aga9 to   
admire him1 & t su* devot$ en?usiasm 0 (
 wond]ful advantage to him 9 acquir+ !  
"* ( 8 model4 ,x 0 at ?is "t t he pa9t$ 
! picture ( a ,pieta = ! ,capu*9 fri>s1 
at ,p>ma1 approa*+ ! ne>e/ t ev] 0 se5  
to t at ,s4 ,giovanni1 & f t p]iod !    
,duke ,ranuccio gave him sev]al         
commissions = pictures1 :i* are n[ to be
 met ) at ,naples4  ,! duke 0 a great   
lov] ( ! arts1 z we ga!r f a selection (
 arti/s employ$ by him1 among :om 7     
,lionello ,spada1 ,s*$oni1 ,trotti1 &   
,gio4 ,sons1 an able figure & a bett]   
l&scape pa9t]1 :om ,orl&i believes to h 
be5 in/ruct$ 9 ,p>ma1 & p]fect$ 9 ! art 
at ,antw]p4 ,x appe>s1 t he also _h mu* 
e/eem = ,rib]a1 :o pa9t$ a *apel1 :i* is
 n[ de/roy$1 at ,santa ,m>ia ,bianca1 9 

s f9e a /yle1 t accord+ to ,sc>amuccia1 
x might h be5 mi/ak5 = ,coreggio's1 & x 
awak5$ emulation ev5 9 ! brea/ (        
,lodovico ,c>acci4#bh ,! *ief m]it1     
h[ev]1 ( ! duke1 & ( 8 bro!r1 ! c>d9al1 
consi/$ 9 e/imat+ & employ+ ! g5ius ( ! 
,c>acci4 ,9 t c\rt !y 7 bo? fairly      
remun]at$1 & held 9 e/eem2 ?\gh1 ow+ to 
! arts ( "s c\rti]s1 hi/ory has pres]v$ 
circum/ances reg>d+ ^! great m51        
calculat$ to move compassion4#bi ,to ?is
 e>ly patronage we may trace ! ev5ts :i*
 we f9d 9 ! hi/ory ( ! ,c>acci1 at      
diff]5t p]iods3 ,annibal engag$ to pa9t 
! ,f>nese ,gall]y at ,rome2 ,ago/9o     
call$ to ,p>ma1 9 quality ( its         
c\rt-pa9t]1 an (fice 9 :i* he di$2 &    
,lodovico s5t to ,piac5za1 along )      
,camillo ,procacc9i1 9 ord] to decorate 
! ca!dral ( t city4 ,h5ce also arose !  
pr9ciples ( a new /yle at ,p>ma1 or r ( 
sev]al new /yles1 :i* dur+ ! sev5te5?   
c5tury cont9u$ to spread bo? !re &      
?r\gh\t ! /ate1 & :i* 7 fir/ introduc$  
by ! arti/s ( ,bologna4    ,footnote    

#bh3 ,see ,lett]e ,pittori*e1 tom4 i4 p4
 #baa4    ,footnote #bi3 ,bellori1 9 8  
,life ( ,annibal1 pp4 #cd1 #ce4         
,see also ,malvasia1 tom4 i4 pp4 #ccd1  
#djd1 #dje1 #ddb4 ,&      ,orl&i "u !   
head ,gio4 ,batt4 ,trotti4  ,_! s*ol>s1 
besides ,b]toia1 7 ,giambati/a ,t9ti1   
pupil to ,samma*9i1 ,giovanni           
,lanfranco1 & ,si/o ,badaloc*i1 :o1 hav+
 be5 acqua9t$ ) ! y\ng] ,c>acci1 at     
,p>ma1 became fir/ atta*$ to ! s*ool (  
,lodovico1 9 ,bologna1 & aft]w>ds foll[$
 ,annibal to ,rome1 :]e !y cont9u$ to   
reside ) him4 ,^!1 al?\gh !y 7 educat$  
by ! ,bolognese1 resemble c]ta9 *>act]s 
:o1 ?\gh !y may ab&on _! native soil1   
are nev] able to dive/ !mselves ( its   
memory or its language4 ,9 respect to   
,lanfranco1 x is agre$ by all1 t no     
arti/ bett] imitat$ ! gr&eur ( ,coreggio
 9 works ^u a l>ge scale2 al?\gh he is  
nei!r equal to him 9 col\r+1 nor at all 
approa*es him 9 high f9i%1 nor is       
de/itute ( an air ( orig9ality peculi>  
to ! head ( a s*ool4 ,at ,p>ma1 he      

produc$ a picture repres5t+ all ! sa9ts 
9 ! *ur* t be>s _! "n2 & 9 ,piac5za1    
besides 8 sa9ts ,alessio & ,corrado at !
 ca!dral1 works highly comm5d$ by       
,bellori1 he pa9t$ an alt>-piece ( ,/4  
,luke1 at ! ,madonna di ,piazza1 z well 
z a cupola1 s av[$ly imitat$ f t ( ,s4  
,giovanni at ,p>ma1 t x c sc>cely escape
 ! *>ge ( s]vility4 ,si/o ,badaloc*i1#cj
 no way inf]ior to ,lanfranco 9 po9t (  
facility1 & o!r end[m5ts ( ! art1       
approa*$ v ne>ly to 8 /yle4 ,x 0 ev5    
d\bt$ 9 ,p>ma1 :e!r ! picture ( ,s4     
,qu9t9o1 9 ! *ur* ( t "n1 0 ! production
 ( ,lanfranco or 84 ,( ! re/ :o fl\ri%$ 
= ! mo/ "p among ! disciples ( !        
,c>acci1 beyond ! limits ( _! own /ate1 
we %all treat m opportunely "u !        
,bolognese ,s*ool4    ,footnote #cj3 ,by
 ,malvasia1 tom4 i4 p4 #eag1 he is call$
      ,si/o ,rosa4  ,giambati/a ,t9ti   
acquir$ ! art ( design & ( col\r+ f     
,samma*9i at ,bologna2 he /udi$ ,tibaldi
 ) great assiduity1 & pa9t$ ^u 8 model  
at ,s4 ,m>ia della ,scala1 n )\t m>ks ( 

plagi>ism4#ca ,hav+ subsequ5tly e/abli%$
 himself at ,p>ma1 he select$ = 8 *ief  
model ! works ( ,coreggio1 & next       
proce$$ to ! /udy ( ,p>migian9o4 ,! city
 reta9s _m ( 8 productions1 bo? 9       
private & 9 public1 among :i* t ( !     
,assumption 9 ! ca!dral1 ab\nd+ )       
figures1 & ! ,cat9o1 at ! old ,capu*9   
,nuns1 are acc\nt$ "s ( ! la/ gr& works 
belong+ to ! old s*ool ( ,p>ma4         
,footnote #ca3 ,malvasia1 tom4 i4 p4    
#bab4  ,f ! "t ^! arti/s ceas$ to       
fl\ri%1 ! art inv>iably decl9$4 ,t[>ds !
 middle ( ! sev5te5? c5tury we f9d      
m5tion1 9 ! ,guide ( ,p>ma1 ( ,=tunato  
,gatti & ,gio4 ,m>ia ,conti1 bo?        
,p>mese1 :o 7 %ortly foll[$1 if ,i      
mi/ake n1 by ,giulio ,orl&9i4 ,!y are   
bett] qualifi$ to %ew ! succession (    
,p>mese arti/s ?an ( great pa9t]s4 ,! "n
 ( "o ,girolamo da' ,leoni1 ( ,piac5za1 
is also record$1 :o 0 employ$ along )   
,cunio1 a ,milanese1 ab\t ! "t ( !      
,campi4 ,at ,piac5za likewise1 aft] !   
middle ( ! c5tury1 appe>$ "o ,b>tolommeo

 ,bad]na1 pupil to ! ,cavali] ,f]rante1 
^: works display m dilig5ce ?an g5ius2  
:5ce ,frances*9i took occasion to say1 t
 he _h knock$ l\dly at ! door ( ! great 
pa9t]s )\t be+ able to ga9 admission4 ,9
 ! mean :ile ! c\rt cont9u$ to promote !
 /udy ( ! f9e arts ?r\gh\t ! /ate4 ,x   
ev5 s5t a "y man ( tal5t1 nam$ ,mauro   
,oddi1 "u ! direction ( ,b]ett9i1 ) a   
sal>y to ,rome4 ,he fulfill$ !          
expectations ( 8 patrons by 8           
productions at ! villa ( ,colorno1 & he 
adorn$ "s *ur*es ) specim5s ( 8         
alt>-pieces2 b /ill he aim$ m at ! fame 
( an ar*itect ?an ( a pa9t]4 ,at ! same 
"t !re 0 employ$ at c\rt an arti/ nam$  
,francesco ,monti1 :o pa9t$ likewise =  
*ur*es & private collections4 ,he 0     
m5tion$ 9 ! ,v5etian ,s*ool1 & ex]cis$ a
 m m>k$ influ5ce ov] ! art at ,p>ma4    
pres5t+ x 9 ,il>io ,spolv]9i ) a        
disciple ( m]it4 ,il>io1 no less ?an 8  
ma/]1 acquir$ reputation f 8            
battle-pieces2 & :e!r ow+ to exagg]ation
 or to tru?1 x 0 commonly said t !      

soldi]s ( ,monti ?reat5$1 & t ^? (      
,spolv]9i seem$ to kill4 ,he ?rew no    
less fi]c5ess & t]ror into "s ( 8       
assass9 sc5es1 :i* are e/eem$ equal to 8
 battles4 ,he pa9t$ *iefly = ! ,duke    
,francesco1 ?\gh !re are "s ( 8 works on
 a l>g] scale1 9 oil & 9 fresco1 plac$ 9
 ! ca!dral1 at ! ,c]tosa1 & o!r places  
?r\gh\t ! city & ! /ate4  ,spolv]9i     
in/ruct$ 9 ! art ,francesco ,simon9i1 a 
di/+ui%$ battle-pa9t] ( t p]iod4 ,orl&i 
says he 0 a s*ol> ( ,monti1 & educat$ at
 ,flor5ce ^u ! model ( ,borgognone4 ,he 
long resid$ at ,v5ice1 :]e1 9 ! ,sala   
,cappello1 & 9 diff]5t collections1 he  
left pictures :i* ab\nd 9 figures1      
ornam5t$ ) f9e ar*itecture1 & v>i$ ) e  
k9d ( skirmi% & milit>y exploits4 ,il>io
 in/ruct$ sev]al "y ,p>mese 9 ! art1    
among :om1 p]haps1 7 ,antonio ,fratacci1
 ,clem5te ,ruta1 & m indisputably ! ,ab4
 ,giuseppe ,p]oni4 ,! fir/ "u ,cignani  
became a bett] copyi/ ( 8 ma/] ?an a    
pa9t]1 be+ call$ pittor pratico1 a      
me*anical h&1 by ,bianconi 9 8 ,guide to

 ,milan1 :]e1 z well z 9 ,bologna1 a few
 ( 8 pictures are to be se54 ,at ,p>ma  
he 0 n employ$ 9 public1 z f> z ,i c    
le>n1 b = collections1 9 :i* he holds a 
pretty high rank4 ,ruta 0 likewise      
educat$ 9 ! academy ( ,cignani at       
,bologna4 ,return+ to 8 native /ate1 ^: 
pa9t+s he has describ$1 he !re ent]$    
into ! s]vice ( ! ,infant ,*>les (      
,b\rbon1 z long z he rema9$ at ,p>ma1   
aft] :i* he accompani$ 8 patron to      
,naples4 ,subsequ5tly return+ to ,p>ma2 
he cont9u$ to employ himself ) cr$it1   
until1 ne> ! p]iod ( 8 decease1 he lo/ !
 use ( 8 eyes4  ,! ,ab4 ,p]oni1 9 ! fir/
 in/ance1 repair$ to ,bologna1 :]e he   
receiv$ ! in/ructions ( ,torelli1 (     
,creti & ( ,ercole ,lelli4 ,he next     
visit$ ,rome1 :]e he became pupil to    
,masucci2 ?\gh x is probable t he 0     
/ruck ) ! col\r+ ( ,conca & ,giacqu9to1 
:o 7 !n mu* 9 vogue1 z 8 t9ts p>take m  
or less ( _! v]ds1 & o!r false use (    
col\r+4 ,= ! re/ he c\ld design well1 & 
9 elegant subjects p>takes mu* (        

,m>atta1 z we p]ceive f 8 ,s4 ,philip 9 
,s4 ,satiro at ,milan1 & f !            
,conception1 9 possession ( ! ,padri    
dell' ,oratorio1 at ,tur94 ,9 ,p>ma 8   
productions are to be se5 at ,s4        
,antonio ,abbate1 :]e 8 frescos appe> to
 advantage1 & !re is an alt>-piece (    
,*ri/ ,crucifi$1 plac$ 9 competition )  
,battoni & ,cign>oli1 & "h m ?an else:]e
 he is entitl$ to rank among ! good     
pa9t]s ( ?is la/ age4 ,he adorn$ 8      
native place & its academy ) 8 pictures1
 & di$ !re at an advanc$ age4 ,! c>e] ( 
,pietro ,f]r>i 0 mu* %ort]1 al?\gh he _h
 "t to produce sev]al f9e pictures = !  
public1 besides t ( 8 ,b4 da ,corleone 9
 ! *ur* ( ! ,capu*9s1 z well z m =      
private collections4 ,he imitat$ !      
anci5t mann] ( 8 s*ool1 no less ?an m   
rec5t /yles4#cb    ,footnote #cb3 ,i wi%
 "h to (f] a brief tribute to ! m]it    
( 8 deceas$ ma/]1 7he di$ two ye>s s9ce7
 :o1      ?\gh a native ( ,pavia1 resid$
 a long p]iod at ,p>ma4 ,he      /udi$ 9
 ,flor5ce "u ,meucci1 next at ,p>is1 :]e

 "o      ( 8 pictures 0 greatly         
applaud$1 & ! arti/      elect$ to a    
place 9 t di/+ui%$ academy ( art4 ,on   
8 return he became fir/ pa9t] to ! c\rt 
at ,p>ma1      & produc$ works no less  
?an pupils calculat$ to reflect         
cr$it on 8 c\ntry4 ,8 ,prome!us fre$ by 
,h]cules1      plac$ at ! academy1 8    
l>ge portrait-piece ( !      family (   
,philip1 ,duke ( ,p>ma1 :i* is po9t$ out
 9 !      ,gu>d>obas z 8 be/ specim51   
fully ju/ify !      reputation he enjoy$
 :ile liv+1 & :i* cont9ues      beyond !
 tomb4 ,! "n ( ?is arti/ 0 ,giuseppe    
,baldrighi1 & he di$ at ,p>ma1 ag$      
eighty ye>s4  ,9 ,piac5za !re fl\ri%$   
,pi] ,antonio ,avanz9i1 educat$ by      
,frances*9i at ,bologna4 ,he is said to 
h be5 want+ 9 imag9ation1 :i* l$ him1 = 
! mo/ "p1 to copy f 8 ma/]'s designs4   
,gio4 ,bati/a ,tagliasac*i1 f ,borgo ,s4
 ,donn9o1 sprung f ! s*ool ( ,giuseppe  
del ,sole1 & display$ a f9e g5ius =     
elegant subjects1 :i* induc$ him to /udy
 ,coreggio1 ,p>migian9o1 & ,guido4 ,he 0

 p>ticul>ly ambiti\s ( add+ ,raffaello  
to ! li/1 b 8 p>5ts w\ld n p]mit him to 
visit ,rome4 ,he resid$ & employ$       
himself *iefly at ,piac5za1 :]e !re is a
 ,holy ,family mu* admir$ 9 ! ca!dral1  
:i*1 9 its ideal ca/ ( features1 p>takes
 ( ! ,roman /yle1 & is n inf]ior to !   
,lomb>ds 9 po9t ( col\r+4 ,he 0 an      
arti/1 if ,i mi/ake n1 ( f> great] m]it 
?an =tune4  ,f9ally1 ! /ate 0 nev] 9    
want ( excell5t ma/]s 9 m9or bran*es ( !
 art4 ,fabrizio ,p>migiano is comm5d$ by
 ,baglioni among/ ! l&scape pa9t]s ( 8  
age4 ,he 0 assi/$ by 8 wife ,ippolita 9 
draw+ = ,italian collections1 & he      
visit$ a v>iety ( places previ\s to 8   
arrival at ,rome1 :]e he also adorn$ a  
few ( ! *ur*es ) 8 wood-sc5es1 & views1 
) h]mits1 c4 & di$ !re at an e>ly age4  
,8 /yle 01 p]haps1 m ideal ?an true1 z x
 prevail$ be=e ! "t ( ! ,c>acci2 b x 0  
spirit$ & dilig5t4 ,!re is kn[n also "o 
,gialdisi1 ( ,p>ma1 :om1 f 8 resid5ce 9 
,cremona1 ,zai/ enum]ates among !       
pr(essors ( t s*ool z a celebrat$ pa9t] 

( fl[]s4 ,he frequ5tly repres5t$ !m ^u  
small tables cov]$ ) tape/ry1 & he add$ 
also musical in/rum5ts1 books1 &        
play+-c>ds1 ! :ole depict$ ) an air (   
tru? & a f9e col\r+1 t obta9$ = him f   
su* inconsid]able objects a l>ge portion
 ( fame4 ,i mu/ also record ,felice     
,boselli ( ,piac5za1 :o became1 "u !    
direction ( ! ,nuvoloni1 a tol]able     
arti/ 9 figures1 ?\gh he succe$$ be/ 9  
copy+ anci5t pictures1 ev5 s z to       
deceive ! eye ( exp]i5c$ judges by !    
exactness ( 8 imitations4 ,foll[+ ! b5t 
( 8 g5ius1 he began to draw animals1    
sometimes ) _! sk9s1 & at o!rs1 z !y are
 expos$ to view 9 ! %ambles2 besides    
collections ( birds & fi%es1 arrang+ !m 
9 ord]1 & all col\r$ f ! life4 ,!       
palaces 9 ,piac5za ab\nd ) !m1 ,boselli1
 hav+ surviv$ beyond 8 eightie? ye>1 &  
despat*+ !m ) facility & me*anically1   
:5ce all 8 productions are n equally    
entitl$ to e/eem4 ,gianpaolo ,pann9i    
belong$ to ! ,roman ,s*ool1 9 :i* he bo?
 le>n$ & taught1 & 9 treat+ ( :i* ,i    

r5d]$ him t ju/ice :i* ! public         
admiration ( 8 p]spective views1 & ( 8  
peculi> grace 9 small figures1 seem$ to 
require4 ,_m f9e specim5s 7 s5t f ,rome 
to 8 native c\ntry1 & among ^! !        
,signori della ,missione possess a v r>e
 picture1 inasmu* z ! figures are on a  
l>g] scale ?an ^? :i* he 9 g5]al drew4  
,x repres5ts ! ,money ,*ang]s driv5 out 
( ! ,temple by our ,"l2 ! ar*itecture is
 truly magnific5t1 & ! figures full ( _s
 & v>iety4 ,! gov]nor1 ,c\nt ,c>asi1 !  
able illu/rator ( ! public pa9t+s 9     
,piac5za1 decl>$ t he 0 ! only arti/ !n 
deceas$1 ( :om ! city c\ld ju/ly boa/4  
,su* defici5cy ought n to be ascrib$ to 
its climate1 ab\nd+ z x does ) g5ius1 b 
to ! want ( a local s*ool1 a want1      
h[ev]1 :i* 0 conv]t$ into a s\rce (     
great utility to ! city4 ,if we exam9e !
 catalogue ( pa9t]s :o fl\ri%$ !re1 )   
:i* ! ,c\nt ,c>asi closes 8 "w1 we %all 
f9d t1 ) ! exception ( ! capitals1 no   
o!r city ( ,italy 0 s ri* 9 excell5t    
pa9t]s belong+ to e s*ool4 ,_h x        

possess$ ma/]s1 !y w\ld h produc$ = e   
excell5t disciple1 at lea/ tw5ty ( only 
middl+ tal5t1 ^: works w\ld h fill$ its 
palaces & *ur*es1 z x has happ5$ to s _m
 o!r second>y cities4  ,l "o univ]sity =
 lett]s1 "o academy = ! f9e arts is     
usually f\nd suffici5t = a s+le /ate2 & 
9 p>ticul>1 :]e x is e/abli%$1 support$1
 & enc\rag$ 9 ! mann] ( t at ,p>ma4 ,x  
ow$ its orig9 to ,don ,philip ( ,b\rbon1
 9 #ageg1 ! t5? ye> ( 8 gov]nm5t2 & 8   
son1 :o at ?is "t be>s sway1 cont9ues to
 promote ! int]e/s ( ! in/itution4#cc   
,no?+ c be bett] calculat$ to revive    
among u ! noble g5ius ( ! art ( pa9t+1  
?an ! me?od !re adopt$ 9 ! di/ribution (
 premiums4 ,! subject ( ! pa9t+ be+     
propos$1 ! "y arti/s invit$ to !        
competition are n conf9$ to ^? ( ! /ate2
 & consequ5tly ! indu/ry ( ! mo/ able & 
be/ matur$ /ud5ts is laid "u            
contribution1 9 e place1 = ! s]vice (   
,p>ma4 ,! me?od ( hold+ ! assembly1 !   
skill & integrity ( ! umpires1 & ! :ole 
=m ( ! decision1 excludes e d\bt or     

suspicion respect+ ! sup]iority ( !     
piece adjudg$4 ,! arti/ is l>gely       
remun]at$2 b 8 highe/ ambition is       
gratifi$ 9 hav+ be5 pron\nc$ ! fir/     
among s _m competitors1 & be=e su* an   
assemblage4 ,?is is ( itself always     
suffici5t to raise ! successful c&idate 
above ! common /&>d1 & (t5 leads to     
=tune4 ,! prize pa9t+ assumes its       
p]petual /ation 9 "o ( ! academic halls1
 along ) ! fav\rite pieces ( previ\s    
ye>s1 =m+ a s]ies :i* already excites a 
w>m int]e/ among ! lov]s ( ! f9e arts4  
,s9ce ! p]iod :5 ! ,cortona mann] began 
to lose gr\nd 9 ,italy1 a mann] t1 "u   
su* a v>iety ( names & sects1 _h usurp$ 
s wide a sway1 ! art 9 our own times has
 approa*$ a sort ( crisis1 :i* z yet =ms
 an essay ( new /yles1 r ?an any        
prevail+ "o *>act]i/ic ( ?is new era4 ,x
 is 9 su* a collection1 bett] ?an 9 any 
book1 t we may /udy ! /ate ( our exi/+  
s*ools2 :at maxims are n[ en=c$2 :at k9d
 ( imitation1 & ) h[ mu* fre$om1 is     
all[$2 f :at s\rce we are to look = a   

*ance ( recov]+ ! anci5t art ( col\r+2  
:at pr(it pa9t+ has d]iv$ f ! copies ( !
 be/ pictures publi%$ 9 engrav+s1 & f ! 
precepts ( ! ma/]s communicat$ ?r\gh !  
m$ium ( pr9ts4 ,i am aw>e t a v>iety (  
op9ion is ent]ta9$ on ?is head1 nor w\ld
 my own1 7 ,i to int]pose x1 give weight
 to any ( ! conflict+ argum5ts 9 ?is    
matt]4 ,b ,i am happy to say1 t f9d+ at 
l5g? appeals made to reason1 :i* 7 =m]ly
 ref]r$ to practice1 ,i feel incl9$ r to
 indulge hopes ?an d\bt or diffid5ce 9  
reg>d to ! future4    ,footnote #cc3 ,! 
pr(essors :o reflect cr$it ^u x are     
enum]at$ by ,p4 ,affo 9 ! works cit$ 9  
?is *apt]4       ,,*apt] ,,iv4          
,,s*ool ,,( ,,cremona4     ,,epo* ,i4   
,! ,anci5ts4   ,i h nev] p]us$ ! hi/ory 
( ,b]n>d9o1 & ! re/ ( ! pictoric family 
( ! ,campi1 writt5 "s "t s9ce by        
,bald9ucci1 & m rec5tly by ,giambati/a  
,zai/1 )\t ?9k+ t ,i see 9 ! s*ool :i*  
^! arti/s e/abli%$ at ,cremona1 a sket* 
( t :i* 0 subsequ5tly =m$ by ! ,c>acci 9
 ,bologna4 ,9 bo? ^! cities a s+le      

family project$ ! =mation ( a new /yle (
 pa9t+1 :i* %\ld p>take ( all ! ,italian
 s*ools1 )\t committ+ plagi>ism aga9/   
any2 & f ea* family 9 its respective    
city sprung a num]\s s]ies ( excell5t   
ma/]s1 :o p>tly by !mselves & p>tly by  
means ( _! disciples1 adorn$ _! c\ntry )
 _! works1 ! art by _! example1 & hi/ory
 itself ) _! names4 ,:y ! ,cremonese    
,s*ool did n keep pace ) t ( ,bologna 9 
reputation1 nor cont9ue s long z !      
,c>acci's1 & :y ! latt] complet$ 9 a    
mann] :at ! o!r only essay$1 0 occasion$
 by a v>iety ( causes :i* ,i %all       
gradually expla9 9 ! c\rse ( ! pres5t   
*apt]4 ,9 ! outset1 agreeably to my     
usual plan1 ,i mean to inve/igate !     
orig9 & pr9ciples ( ?is s*ool1 nor %all 
we ne$ to g f>!r back ?an ! f\ndation ( 
! magnific5t ca!dral 9 #aajg1 :i* z     
spe$ily z possible 0 decorat$ ) all t   
sculpture & pa9t+ c\ld af=d4 ,its       
specim5s ( bo? are su* z to gratify !   
eye ( ! antiqu>y1 :o may wi% to trace   
?r\gh :at *annels1 & by :at degrees1 !  

arts fir/ began to revive 9 ,italy4 ,!  
sculpture !re does n inde$ pres5t u )   
any works t may n likewise be f\nd 9    
,v]ona1 9 ,crema1 & o!r places2 :]eas ! 
pa9t+s rema9+ 9 ! ceil+ ( ! two lat]al  
naves1 may be consid]$ uniques1 & des]ve
 ! tr\ble ( exam9+ !m m ne>ly1 on acc\nt
 ( ! smallness ( ! figures & ! want (   
light4 ,!y consi/ ( sacr$ hi/ories2 !   
design is extremely dry1 ! col\rs are   
/rong1 & _! drap]y :olly novel1 except t
 "s ( !m /ill cont9ue to be se5 9 !     
mod]n masks & !atres ( ,italy4 ,"s      
specim5s ( ar*itecture are introduc$1   
pres5t+ only "r l9es1 l :at we see 9 our
 olde/ wood engrav+s1 & explanations are
 also ins]t$1 indicat+ ! pr9cipal       
figures1 9 ! mann] ( ! m anci5t         
mosaic-work]s1 :5 ! eye1 yet unaccu/om$ 
to behold pictoric hi/ories1 requir$ "s 
su* illu/ration ( ! subject4 ,yet we c  
ga!r no traces ( ! ,greek mosaics2 !    
:ole is ,italian1 national1 & new4 ,!   
*>act]s leave u 9 d\bt :e!r we ought to 
ascribe !m to ! age ( ,giotto1 or to t  

prec$+ him1 b ! figures atte/ t _! au?or
 0 indebt$ nei!r to ,giotto nor 8 ma/] =
 :at he knew4 ,i c le>n no?+ ( 8 "n f ! 
anci5t hi/orians ( ! s*ool1 nei!r f     
,antonio ,campi1 ,pietro ,lamo1 nor     
,gio4 ,bati/a ,zai/1 :om ,i h already   
cit$1 & :o compil$ two volumes ( memoirs
 ( ! old arti/s ( ,cremona1 edit$ by    
,panni 9 ! ye> #aggd4  ,i may1 h[ev]1   
safely ass]t t !re 7 pa9t]s :o fl\ri%$ 9
 ! ,cremonese z e>ly z #abac2 = on      
occasion ( ! city obta9+ a victory ov] !
 p ( ,milan1 ! ev5t 0 commemorat$ 9 a   
picture1 9 ! palace ( ,lanfranco        
,oldov9o1 "o ( ! lead]s ( ! ,cremonese  
army1 & = ?is we h ! te/imony ( ,flam5o 
9 8 ,hi/ory ( ,ca/elleone4#cd ,!re is   
also record$ by ! ,ab4 ,s>nelli1 9 8    
,=eign]'s ,guide to ,naples1 z well z by
 ! ,c4 ,celano1 9 ! ,notices ( !        
,beauties ( ,naples1 a ,m4 ,simone (    
,cremona1 :o1 ab\t #acce1 pa9t$ 9 ,s4   
,*i>a1 & is ! same m5tion$ by ,surg5te1 
au?or ( ! ,naples ,illu/rat$1 z ,simon  
da ,si5a1 & by ,dom9ici z ,simone       

,napolitano4 ,9 a =m] volume ,i adh]$ to
 ! op9ion ( ,dom9ici1 inasmu* z he cites
 ,criscuolo & 8 ar*ives2 b let !        
au?ority re/ ) !m4 ,o!r names might be  
add$1 :i* ,zai/ has 9 "p collect$ f     
,,mss41 & 9 "p f publi%$ docum5ts1 su* z
 ,polidoro ,casella1 :o fl\ri%$ ab\t    
#acde1 ,angelo ,bellavita 9 #adbj1      
,jacop9o ,m>asca1 m5tion$ 9 #adcj1 ,luca
 ,sclavo1 nam$ by ,flam5o1 subsequ5t to 
#adej1 among excell5t pa9t]s1 & among ! 
fri5ds ( ,francesco ,s=za1 besides      
,gasp>e ,bon9o1 :o became celebrat$ ab\t
 ! ye> #adfj4 ,h5ce x may be p]ceiv$ t  
?is s*ool 0 n de/itute ( a s]ies (      
arti/s1 dur+ a long p]iod1 al?\gh no    
specim5s ( _! art survive to confirm x4 
,footnote #cd3 ,see ,zai/1 p4 #ab4  ,!  
e>lie/ t is to be met ) be>+ a "n &     
c]ta9 date1 is a picture :i* belong$ to 
,zai/1 repres5t+ ,julian 7aft]w>ds !    
sa9t7 kill+ 8 fa!r & "m1 :om he mi/akes 
= 8 wife & h] p>am\r4 ,bel[ ! c\* on :i*
 !y are f\nd1 are inscrib$ ! two foll[+ 
v]ses3--       ,hoc quod ,mant5eae      

didicit sub dogmate cl>i1      ,antonii 
,cornae dext]a p9xit                    
opus4--,,mcccclxxviii4  ,! "n ( ,antonio
 della ,corna is h&$ d[n to u by hi/ory1
 & f ?is monum5t he is discov]$ to h be5
 a pupil ( ,mantegna1 & a foll[] ( !    
fir/ r ?an ! second /yle ( 8 ma/]4 ,b he
 does n appe> to h fl\ri%$ a suffici5t  
"t1 or he 0 n 9 repute en\gh to h a     
place among ! pa9t]s ( ! ca!dral1 9 !   
f\rte5? c5tury1 :o left !re a monum5t ( 
! art t may vie ) ! ,si/9e *apel2 & if  
,i mi/ake n ! figures ( ^? anci5t       
,flor5t9es are m correct1 ^? ( ! ca!dral
 m animat$4 ,!re is a frieze surr\nd+ ! 
ar*es ( ! *ur*1 divid$ into sev]al      
squ>es1 ea* ( :i* conta9s a scriptural  
hi/ory pa9t$ 9 fresco4 ,^u ?is "w a     
numb] ( ,cremonese arti/s1 all ( high   
repute1 7 successively employ$4  ,! fir/
 9 ?is li/1 subscrib$ 9 "o ( ^!         
comp>tm5ts1 ,bembus incipi5s1 & 9 ! o!r 
comp>tm5t #ad-- 444  "u 8 pa9t+s ( !    
,epiphany & ! ,purification4 ,! rema9+  
figures aft] ! above1 h long be5        

conceal$ by a side w+ ( ! organ4 ,b !   
s5se is v cle>1 ! "n & ! date ( !       
c5turies appe>+ toge!r2 nor are we at a 
loss to p]ceive t ! arti/1 9 an und]tak+
 to be conduct$ by _m1 & dur+ _m ye>s1 0
 desir\s ( commemorat+ 8 "n1 z ! fir/ :o
 comm5c$ x1 & 9 :at ye>4 ,"s1 nev]!less1
 h wi%$ to inf]1 by deta*+ ! words      
,bembus incipi5s f ! re/1 t ! arti/     
meant to in=m u he 0 !n fir/ ent]+ ^u 8 
pr(ession2 z if ! p ( ,cremona1 9 !     
decoration ( _! f9e/ temple1 :i* 0 long 
conduct$ by ! mo/ celebrat$ pa9t]s1 w\ld
 h select$ a novice to beg94 ,x is1     
h[ev]1 a "q :e!r ! inscription ref]s to 
,bonifazio ,bembo1 or to ,gianfrancesco 
8 y\ng] bro!r2 b app>5tly we ought to   
give x1 ) ,vas>i1 to ! =m]1 a di/+ui%$  
arti/ :o 0 employ$ by ! c\rt ( ,milan z 
e>ly z #adfa1 :ile ,gio4 ,francesco     
fl\ri%$ lat]1 z we %all %ortly h        
occasion to %ew4 ,9 ! two hi/ories ) :i*
 ,bembo comm5c$ 8 lab\rs1 z well z 9 ^? 
t foll[1 he %ews himself an able arti/1 
spirit$ 9 8 attitudes1 gl[+ 9 8 col\rs1 

magnific5t 9 8 drap]ies1 al?\gh /ill    
conf9$ )9 ! sph]e ( ! naturali/s1 &     
copy+ f ! tru? )\t display+ mu*         
selection1 if he does n occasionally    
transgress x by want ( correctness4 ,bo?
 our diction>ies ( arti/s & ,bott>i h   
conf\nd$ ?is ,bonifazio ) a ,v5etian ( !
 same "n1 :om we h m5tion$ 9 8 place4   
,opposite to ^? ( ,bembo is a pa9t+1 a  
hi/ory ( ! ,passion1 repres5t+ our      
,r$eem] be=e 8 judges1 pa9t$ by         
,cri/(oro ,moretti1#ce ! same1 accord+  
to ,lomazzo1 :o 0 employ$ ) ,bembo 9 !  
c\rt ( ,milan1 & also pa9t$ at ! *ur* ( 
,s4 ,aquil9o4 ,"o ( 8 ,madonnas is /ill 
to be se5 !re1 seat$ amid diff]5t sa9ts1
 & ^u h] mantle ,i 0 enabl$ to deciph]1 
,*ri/ophorus de ,moretis de ,cremona1 9 
*>act]s int]weav$ 9 ! mann] ( gold lace4
 ,cremonese writ]s call him ! son (     
,galeazzo ,rivello1 & fa!r & gr&fa!r to 
sev]al o!r ,rivelli1 all arti/s1        
,moretti be+ only an assum$ appellation4
 ,f ! inscription ,i h adduc$1 !re      
appe>s "s difficulty 9 ! way ( su* a    

tradition1 s9ce de ,moretis is an       
expression import+ a family "n1 n an    
acquir$ "o4 ,:atev] may be ?\ght on ?is 
head1 x is c]ta9 t he 0 "o ( ! re=m]s ( 
! art 9 ,lomb>dy1 & p>ticul>ly 9 !      
bran*es ( p]spective & design2 & 9 ?is  
hi/ory ( ! ,passion1 9 :i* he exclud$   
all k9d ( gild+1 he is se5 to approa* ! 
mod]ns4    ,footnote #ce3 ,see ,lomazzo1
 ,treatise on ,pa9t+1 p4 #dje4  ,some:at
 lat]1 & n be=e #adig1 ,altobello       
,melone & ,boccaccio ,boccacc9o1 two    
,cremonese arti/s1 7 employ$ 9 complet+ 
! frieze ( ! ca!dral4 ,! =m]1 accord+ to
 ,vas>i1 pa9t$ sev]al hi/ories ( !      
,passion1 truly beautiful & des]v+ (    
comm5dation4 ,b he 0 ! lea/ consi/5t 9  
po9t ( /yle1 introduc+1 z x has be5     
obs]v$1 figures ( small & l>ge          
proportions 9 ! same piece1 & also lea/ 
excell5t 9 8 frescos1 col\r+ !m 9 a     
mann] t n[ gives !m ! look ( tape/ry4 ,b
 he excell$ 9 8 oil pa9t+s1 z we ga!r f 
8 alt>-piece ( ,*ri/ desc5d+ into       
,limbo1 :i* is pres]v$ 9 ! sacri/y ( !  

,sacram5to1 a piece = :i* ! canons      
refus$ to receive a l>ge sum t 0 (f]$ = 
x4 ,! figures are v num]\s1 ( some:at   
long proportions1 b col\r$ ) equal      
s(tness & /r5g?4 ,8 k ( ! nak$ figure is
 beyond t ( 8 age1 comb9$ ) a grace (   
features & ( attitudes t conveys ! idea 
( a great ma/]4 ,9 ! ,notizia (         
,morelli1 8 picture ( ,lucretia1 pa9t$ =
 private ornam5t1 is m5tion$4 ,x is     
execut$ 9 ! ,flemi% /yle1 & he is said  
to h be5 ! pupil ( ,arman9o1 p]haps an  
arti/ ( t nation4  ,boccaccio ,boccacc9o
 be>s ! same "* among ! ,cremonese z    
,grill&aio1 ,mantegna1 ,vannucci1 &     
,francia1 9 _! respective s*ools1 ! be/ 
mod]n among ! anci5ts1 & ! be/ ( !      
anci5ts 9 ! li/ ( ! mod]ns4 ,he _h !    
hon\r ( in/ruct+ ,g>(olo dur+ two ye>s  
previ\s to 8 visit+ ,rome 9 #aejj4 ,9 ! 
frieze ( ! ca!dral1 ,boccacc9o pa9t$ !  
,bir? ( ! ,virg91 along ) o!r hi/ories1 
relat+ to h] & ! ,div9e ,infant4 ,! /yle
 is 9 "p orig9al1 & 9 "p approa*es t (  
,pietro ,p]ug9o1 ^: pupil ,pascoli says 

he 04 ,b he is less regul> 9 8          
composition1 less beautiful 9 ! air ( 8 
heads1 & less p[]ful 9 8 *i>oscuro1 ?\gh
 ri*] 9 8 drap]y1 ) m v>iety ( col\rs1 m
 _s 9 8 attitudes1 & sc>cely less       
h>moni\s or less pleas+ 9 8 ar*itecture 
& l&scape4 ,he is1 p]haps1 lea/         
attractive 9 "s ( 8 figures1 :i* are    
some:at co>se1 ow+ to _! hav+ a fulness 
( drap]y1 & n be+ suffici5tly sl5d]1 a  
defect c>efully avoid$ by ! anci5t      
/atu>ies1 z ,i h =m]ly obs]v$4#cf ,x is 
rem>k$ by ,vas>i t he visit$ ,rome1 9   
:i* ,i agree ) him1 bo? because x is 9  
"s degree allud$ to by ,antonio ,campi1 
& because !re are evid5t traces ( 8     
imitation ( ,pietro1 z 9 8 ,m>riage ( ! 
,virg9 ,m>y1 & 9 a v magnific5t temple1 
t appe>s erect$ ^u l(ty /eps1 a subject 
repeat$ by ,pietro sev]al times4 ,x has 
be5 also notic$ t 8 ,madonna at ,s4     
,v9c5zo1 ) ! titul> ,sa9t & ,s4         
,antonio1 seems l ! "w ( ,vannucci1 & he
 c]ta9ly approa*es v ne> him 9 o!r      
figures4 ,i c easily believe1 !re=e1 t  

,boccacc9o 0 at ,rome2 b ,i also believe
 t :at is writt5 ( him by ,vas>i & by   
,bald9ucci1 if n fictiti\s1 is at lea/  
wide ( ! m>k4    ,footnote #cf3 ,*apt]  
iii4  ,let u briefly exam9e ?is matt]4  
,x is said t he !re attempt$ to         
depreciate ! works ( ,mi*elangiolo1 & t 
aft] exhibit+ 8 own productions at !    
,traspont9a1 :i* met ) ridicule f !     
,roman pr(essors1 9 ord] to escape f !  
hisses !y excit$ on all sides1 he 0     
compell$ to return to 8 native place4   
,?is /ory1 add$ to o!rs ( a l nature1   
irritat$ ! ,lomb>d arti/s4 ,h5ce        
,scanelli 9 8 ,microcosm1 ,lamo 9 8     
,disc\rse on ,pa9t+1 & ,campi 9 8       
,hi/ory1 r5ew$ ! compla9ts ( ! o!r      
s*ools aga9/ ,vas>i4 ,^! are record$ by 
,zai/ 7p4 #gb7 ) ! addition ( 8 own     
refutation ( ?is acc\nt4 ,! refutation  
re/s ^u ! epo*s :i* ,vas>i himself po9ts
 out1 & :i* ( !mselves1 say 8 oppon5ts1 
af=d a decid$ negative to ! /ory (      
,boccacc9o's j\rney to ,rome 9 "t to h  
ca/ reflections ^u ! pa9t+s (           

,mi*elangiolo4 ,x is ! cu/om ( less     
accurate hi/orians1 :5 !y give !        
sub/ance ( a fact1 to add to x          
circum/ances ( "t1 ( place1 or ( mann]1 
t _h really no exi/5ce4 ,anci5t hi/ory  
is full ( su* examples1 & ! sev]e/      
criticism does n presume to discr$it    
facts on ! /r5g? ( "s int]polat$        
circum/ance1 provid$ !re be o!rs        
suffici5tly /rong to sanction !m4 ,9 ?is
 in/ance1 ! hi/orian1 & a great fri5d ( 
,mi*elangiolo1 n>rates an affair relat+ 
to t fri5d1 & :i* is suppos$ to h tak5  
place at ,rome1 only a %ort p]iod be=e !
 au?or wrote4 ,we c h>dly !n believe x  
to h be5 a m]e idle report )\t any      
f\ndation 9 tru?4 ,i w\ld reject inde$  
"s ( its access>ies1 & 9 p>ticul>       
condemn ^? unw>rant$ reflections 9 :i*  
,vas>i indulges at ! exp5se ( "o ( ! mo/
 di/+ui%$ arti/s :o at t "t fl\ri%$ 9   
,lomb>dy4  ,next to ! f\r hi/orical     
pa9t+s j m5tion$1 foll[ ^? conduct$ by  
,roman9o di ,brescia & by ,pord5one1 two
 ma/] spirits ( _! age1 :o left examples

 ( ! ,v5etian ta/e at ! ca!dral1 :i* 7 n
 neglect$ by ! ,cremonese1 z w be se54  
,we ought 9 ju/ice to add1 t _! city has
 always %ewn a laudable wi% to pres]ve  
^! anci5t productions f ! effects ( age1
 z f> z 9 h] p[]4 ,:5 t[>ds ! close ( ! 
sixte5? c5tury !y began to exhibit m>ks 
( decay1 !y 7 in/antly ord]$ to be      
exam9$ & re/or$ by a pa9t] & ar*itect ( 
"s reputation1 call$ ,il ,sabbioneta1 8 
real "n be+ ,m>tire ,pes5ti4 ,! same    
degree ( c>e & att5tion has be5 %ewn !m 
9 ! pres5t day by ! ,cav4 ,borroni4     
,two o!r citiz5s exhibit$ specim5s 9 !  
same place1 ( ! /yle :i* is n[ call$    
antico mod]no4 ,aless&ro ,pampur9i1 z x 
is said1 drew "s figures ( *]ubs1 r\nd a
 c>tellone1 or scroll = inscriptions1   
toge!r ) a k9d ( arabesques1 be>+ ! date
 ( #aeaa2 & 9 ! subsequ5t ye> ,b]n>d9o  
,ricca1 or ,ricco1 produc$ a simil> "w  
opposite to x1 :i* ow+ to its hav+ be5  
execut$ ) too mu* dryness1 p]i%$ 9 a few
 ye>s1 & 0 r5ew$ by a diff]5t h&4 ,b !re
 /ill exi/s 8 picture ( a ,pieta at ,s4 

,pietro del ,po1 ) "s specim5s likewise 
by 8 companion1 suffici5t to prove t bo?
 are wor?y ( commemoration = _! "t4     
,hav+ ?us describ$ ! s]ies ( arti/s :o  
decorat$ ! ca!dral1 !re rema9 a few o!r 
names unconnect$ ) t great und]tak+1 b  
:i*1 nev]!less1 enjoy$ consid]able      
celebrity 9 _! day4 ,su* are ,galeazzo  
,campi1 ! fa!r ( ! ?ree di/+ui%$ bro!rs1
 & ,tommaso ,al5i4 ,?is la/ s ne>ly     
resembl$ ,campi 9 8 mann]1 t _! pictures
 c ) difficulty be di/+ui%$1 z may be   
se5 at ,s4 ,dom5ico1 :]e !y pa9t$ 9     
competition ) ea* o!r4 ,x is loosely    
conjectur$ by _m t !y 7 ! pupils (      
,boccacc9o1 an op9ion :i* ,i _c ent]ta94
 ,! disciples ( ! be/ ma/]s 9 ! f\rte5? 
c5tury cont9u$ to free !mselves1 ! long]
 !y fl\ri%$1 f ! dry mann] ( _! e>ly    
education4 ,galeazzo1 on ! o!r h&1 !    
only "o we ne$ "h m5tion1 approa*es less
 closely to ! mod]n /yle ?an 8 suppos$  
ma/]1 z we p]ceive 9 ! suburban *ur* (  
,s4 ,seba/iano1 :]e he pa9t$ ! tutel>   
sa9t & ,s4 ,rocco /&+ ne> ! ?rone ( !   

,virg9 ) ! ,infant ,*ri/4 ,! picture    
be>s ! date ( #aeah1 :5 he 0 already a  
f9i%$ ma/]1 & nev]!less he !re appe>s   
only a weak foll[] ( ! ,p]ug9o mann]4 ,8
 col\rs are good & natural1 b he is     
feeble 9 *i>oscuro1 dry 9 design1 cold 9
 8 expression2 8 c\nt5ances h n a beam (
 mean+1 :ile t ( ! holy infant seems z  
if copi$ f a *ild suff]+ "u an obliquity
 ( ! eyes1 ^? ( ! figure are s badly    
drawn4 ,! obs]vation1 !re=e1 (          
,bald9ucci1 or ( 8 cont9uator1 t he _h  
r5d]$ himself celebrat$ ev5 beyond      
,italy1 w\ld seem 9 want ( confirmation2
 nor d ,i "k :5ce su* confirmation c be 
d]iv$4 ,c]ta9ly n f ! anci5ts1 = ev5 8  
own son ,antonio ,campi only rem>ks (   
,galeazzo1 t he 0 a tol]able pa9t] = 8  
age4  ,nor did "s o!rs ( ,galeazzo's    
contempor>ies rise mu* above m$iocrity4 
,to ?is class belong$ ,antonio ,cigogn9i
 & ,francesco ,casella1 a few ( ^:      
productions rema9 9 _! native place2    
,galeazzo ,pes5ti1 call$ ,il            
,sabbioneta1 a pa9t] & sculptor2        

,lattanzio ( ,cremona1 :o hav+ pa9t$ at 
! s*ool ( ! ,milanese 9 ,v5ice1 has be5 
record$ by ,bos*9i 9 8 ,m9i]e della     
,pittura1 besides ,niccolo da ,cremona1 
:o 0 employ$1 accord+ to ,orl&i1 9 #aeah
 at ,bologna4 ,!re are two1 h[ev]1 :o   
m]it a l>g] %>e ( consid]ation1 hav+    
produc$ works ( a sup]ior "* :i* /ill   
exi/1 & belong 9 "s degree to ! gold5   
p]iod ( ! art4 ,! "n ( ! fir/ is ,gio4  
,bati/a ,zupelli1 ( :om ! ,eremitani    
possess a f9e l&scape ) a ,holy ,family4
 ,8 ta/e1 al?\gh dry1 is apt to surprise
 ! eye by its orig9ality1 & attracts u  
by a natural & peculi> grace1 ) :i* all 
8 figures are design$ & animat$1 z well 
z by a c]ta9 s(tness & fulness ( col\r+4
 ,if ,soi>o _h n acquir$ ! pr9ciples ( 8
 art f ,coreggio1 we might suppose t ?is
 ,zupelli _h in/ruct$ him 9 reg>d to !  
/rong body ( 8 col\r+1 :i* is rem>kable 
bo? 9 him & 9 8 s*ool4 ,! second is     
,gianfrancesco ,bembo1 ! bro!r &        
disciple ( ,bonifazio1 highly comm5d$ by
 ,vas>i1 if1 inde$1 he be1 z is suppos$1

 ! same ,gianfrancesco1 call$ ,il       
,vetr>o1 :o is record$ by ! hi/orian 9 8
 ,life ( ,polidoro da ,c>avaggio4 ,x    
appe>s c]ta9 t he mu/ h visit$ ,l[]     
,italy1 f ! /yle :i* he displays 9 "o ( 
8 alt>-pieces1 repres5t+ sa9ts ,cosma & 
,damiano1 at ! ,oss]vanti1 to :i* 8 "n )
 ! date ( #aebd is affix$4 ,i h n obs]v$
 any ?+ 9 a simil> ta/e1 ei!r 9 ,cremona
 or 9 its vic9ity4 ,x reta9s v slight   
traces ( ! antique1 mu* z may be obs]v$ 
9 ^? ( ,f4 ,b>tolommeo della ,porta1 :om
 he greatly resembl$ 9 po9t ( col\r+1   
h[ev] inf]ior 9 ! dignity ( 8 figures & 
8 drap]ies4 ,a few m ( 8 specim5s are   
met ) 9 public places & ! h\ses (       
noblem51 :i* exhibit him z "o ( ^?      
pa9t]s :o add$ dignity to ! /yle ( pa9t+
 9 ,lomb>dy1 & improv$ ^u ! anci5t      
mann]4     ,,s*ool ,,( ,,cremona4       
,,epo* ,,ii4       ,camillo ,boccacc9o1 
,il ,soi>o1 ,! ,campi4   ,aft] ! "t (   
,vetr>o1 no?+ occurs wor?y ( putt+ on   
record until we rea* ! mod]ns2 & "h we  
ought to comm5ce ) ! ?ree di/+ui%$      

arti/s1 :o1 accord+ to ,lamo1 7 employ$ 
9 ,cremona 9 ! ye> #aebb4 ,^! 7 ,camillo
 ,boccacc9o1 son ( ,boccaccio1 ,soi>o1  
record$ 9 ! prec$+ *apt]1 & ,giulio     
,campi1 :o subsequ5tly became ! head ( a
 num]\s s*ool4 ,o!r ,cremonese arti/s1 x
 is true1 fl\ri%$ ab\t ! same p]iod1 su*
 z ! two ,scutell>i1 ,francesco & ,&rea1
 :o h be5 ref]r$ by "s writ]s to ! /ate 
( ,mantua2 b z few ( _! works rema91 &  
^? ( no great m]it1 we %all proce$ at   
once to ! great ma/]s ( ! s*ool :om we h
 m5tion$ above4 ,! gr& und]tak+ ( !     
ca!dral prov$ useful likewise 9 !       
advancem5t ( ^! arti/s1 & 9 p>ticul> !  
*ur* ( ,s4 ,sigismondo1 already erect$  
by ,francesco ,s=za at a little di/ance 
f ! city1 :]e ^! arti/s & _! desc5dants1
 pa9t+ z x 7 9 competition1 r5d]$ x a   
noble s*ool = ! f9e arts4 ,we may !re   
/udy a sort ( s]ies ( ^! arti/s1 _!     
v>i\s m]it1 _! prevail+ ta/es 9 !       
,coreggio mann]1 _! diff]5t /yle (      
adapt+ x1 & _! peculi> skill 9 fresco   
compositions4 ,) ^! !y n only decorat$  

temples1 b by apply+ !m to ! facades (  
palaces & private h\ses !y gave an      
appe>ance ( spl5d\r to ! /ate1 :i*      
excit$ ! admiration ( /rang]s4 ,!y 7    
surpris$1 on fir/ ent]+ ,cremona1 to    
behold a city array$ z if = a jubilee1  
full ( life1 & ri* 9 all ! pride ( art4 
,/range !n t ,franzese1 :o wrote !      
,lives ( ! be/ pa9t]s 79 f\r volumes7   
%\ld h compil$ no?+ relat+ to !         
,cremonese1 f> m des]v+ ( commemoration 
?an _m o!rs 9 8 collection :om he has   
greatly prais$4  ,camillo ,boccacc9o 0 !
 lead+ g5ius ( ! s*ool4 ,gr\nd$ 9 !     
anci5t maxims ( 8 fa!r1 ?\gh 8 c>e] 0   
%ort1 he succe$$ 9 =m+ a /yle at once   
/rong & beautiful1 insomu* t we are at a
 loss to say :i* is ! prevail+ feature (
 8 "*4 ,lomazzo pron\nces him1 v able 9 
design1 & a noble col\ri/1 plac+ him1 z 
a model = ! graceful p[] ( 8 lights1 = !
 sweetness ( 8 mann]1 & = 8 art (       
drap]y1 on a level ) da ,v9ci1          
,coreggio1 ,gaud5zio1 & ! fir/ pa9t]s 9 
! _w4 ,accord+ to ! op9ion ( ,vas>i1    

aga9/ :om ! ,cremonese h s bitt]ly      
inveigh$1 ,camillo 0 a good me*anical   
h&1 & if he _h fl\ri%$ = a long] p]iod  
w\ld h _h extraord9>y success1 b he     
produc$ few works except su* z are      
small1 & ( little importance4 ,9 respect
 to 8 pa9t+s at ,s4 ,sigismondo1 he     
adds1 n t !y are1 b are only believ$ by 
! ,cremonese to be1 ! be/ specim5s ( !  
art !y h to boa/4 ,!y are /ill to be se5
 9 ! cupola1 9 ! gr& recess1 & on !     
sides ( ! great alt>4 ,! mo/ di/+ui%$   
pieces are ! f\r ,evangeli/s 9 a sitt+  
po/ure1 except+ ! figure ( ,s4 ,john1   
:o1 /&+ up 9 a b5d+ attitude1 ) an      
expression ( surprise1 =ms a curv$      
outl9e oppos$ to ! ar* ( ! ceil+1 a     
figure greatly celebrat$1 no less on    
acc\nt ( ! p]spective ?an ! design4 ,x  
is truly surpris+ h[ a "y arti/ :o _h   
nev] frequ5t$ ! s*ool ( ,coreggio1 c\ld 
s well emulate 8 ta/e1 & c>ry x ev5 f>!r
 )9 s %ort a p]iod2 ?is "w1 display+ su*
 a k ( p]spective & =e%ort5+1 hav+ be5  
execut$ z e>ly z ! ye> #aecg4  ,! two   

side pictures are also highly celebrat$1
 bo? 9 ,cremona & abroad4 ,"o ( ^!      
repres5ts ! ,rais+ ( ,laz>us1 ! o!r !   
,woman tak5 9 ,adult]y1 bo? surr\nd$ ) v
 elegant ornam5ts1 repres5t+ gr\ps (    
*]ubs1 :i* are se5 9 ! act ( play+ ) !  
mitre1 ! c5s]1 & o!r holy vessels 9 _!  
h&s4 ,9 ^! hi/ories1 z well z 9 _!      
decorations1 ! :ole ( ! figures are     
arrang$ & turn$ 9 su* a way1 z sc>cely  
to leave a s+le eye 9 ! figures visible1
 a novelty 9 respect to draw+ by no     
means to be recomm5d$4 ,b ,camillo 0    
desir\s ( ?us prov+ to 8 rivals t 8     
figures 7 n1 z !y ass]t$1 indebt$ = _!  
m]it to ! animat$ expression ( ! eyes1 b
 to ! :ole composition4 ,& truly 9      
:atev] way dispos$1 !y d n fail to      
please f ! excell5ce ( ! design1 _! f9e 
& v>i$ attitudes1 ! =e%ort5+1 ! natural 
col\r+1 & a /r5g? ( *i>oscuro :i* mu/ h 
be5 drawn f ,pord5one1 & :i* makes !    
surr\nd+ pa9t+s ( ! ,campi appe>        
defici5t 9 relief4 ,_h he exhibit$ a    
little m *oice 9 8 heads ( adults1 ) a  

little m regul>ity 9 8 composition1 !re 
w\ld1 p]haps1 h be5 no?+ f>!r to desire4
 ,we may1 moreov]1 m5tion 8 pa9t+ on a  
facade 9 "o ( ! squ>es ( ,cremona1 :]e1 
n long ago1 7 to be se5 ! rema9s (      
figures :i* ,camillo execut$ s z to     
excite ! admiration ( ,*>les ,v4 & obta9
 ! highe/ comm5dations4 ,!re rema9      
likewise two ( 8 alt>-pieces1 "o at     
,ci/ello & ! o!r at ,s4 ,b>tolommeo1 bo?
 extremely beautiful4  ,! "n ( ,b]n>d9o1
 or ,b]n>do ,gatti1 = he subscrib$ bo?  
to 8 pictures1 0 m5tion$ at l5g? among !
 pupils ( ,p>ma2 & ,i h n[ to record x  
among ! be/ ma/]s ( ,cremona4 ,bo?      
,campi & ,lapi ref] him )\t scruple to  
,cremona1 ?\gh he is giv5 by o!rs to    
,v]celli1 & suppos$ to be ! same ,b]n>do
 di ,v]celli :o succe$$ ,pord5one 9     
pa9t+ ,s4 ,m>ia di ,campagna at         
,piac5za1 z we f9d relat$ 9 ,vas>i4 ,by 
o!rs he is suppos$ aga9 to h come f     
,pavia1 :]e he 0 employ$ 9 ! cupola ( ! 
ca!dral1 & accord+ to ! te/imony ( ,c\nt
 ,c>asi1 m5tion$ be=e ) comm5dation1 he 

!re subscrib$ 8 "n ,b]n>d9us ,gatti     
,papi5sis1 #aeec4 ,i leave ! "q to o!rs1
 ?\gh x seems h>dly cr$ible t two       
contempor>y hi/orians1 :o wrote %ortly  
aft] ! dea? ( ,b]n>d9o1 :ile ! public   
recollection ( 8 native place mu/ h be5 
yet fre%1 & ready to refute !m1 %\ld h  
ea* fall5 into error4 ,we might add t   
,cremona is 9 possession ( _m ( ,soi>o's
 pa9t+s f 8 e>lie/ age until he became  
an octog5>ian1 & ow+ to a p>alytic      
affection 0 9 ! habit ( pa9t+ ) 8 left  
h&4 ,at t advanc$ p]iod he produc$ = !  
ca!dral 8 picture ( ! ,assumption1 fifty
 h&s 9 height1 & :i*1 al?\gh he nev]    
liv$ to complete x1 is a "w1 z is ju/ly 
obs]v$ by ,lamo1 t excites our wond]4   
,moreov] he left 8 possessions & a      
family at ,cremona1 f :i* sprung two    
arti/s des]v+ ( record1 "o ( :om is     
celebrat$ 9 hi/ory1 ! o!r nev] be=e     
notic$4 ,z !re /ill rema9s "s degree (  
f\ndation = attribut+ him to ,pavia1 ^u 
! au?ority also ( ,spelta1 :o wrote !   
,lives ( ! ,pavese ,bi%ops1 & 0 almo/   

contempor>y ) ,b]n>d9o1 & :at is m1 he  
himself ?9ks t ! diff]5ce might be ?us  
reconcil$1 we may agree ) him 9 /at+ t  
our arti/ 0 ei!r d]iv$ f1 or a citiz5 ( 
,pavia1 & at ! same "t a citiz5 & a     
resid5t at ,cremona4  ,g]vasio ,gatti1  
,il ,soi>o1 nephew to ,b]n>d9o1 0       
initiat$ by him 9 ! same maxims &       
pr9ciples :i* he _h himself imbib$1 by  
/udy+ & copy+ ! models left by ,coreggio
 at ,p>ma4 ,! advantage he d]iv$ f !m   
may be kn[n f 8 ,s4 ,seba/iano1 :i* 0   
pa9t$ = ,s4 ,aga?a1 at ,cremona1 9      
#aegh1 a piece t appe>s design$ f !     
antique1 & col\r$ by "o ( ! fir/        
figuri/s & l&scape pa9t]s 9 ,lomb>dy4 ,9
 ! same city is 8 ,m>tyrdom ( ,s4       
,cecilia1 at ,s4 ,pietro1 surr\nd$ )    
angels1 9 ! ,coreggio mann]1 a picture  
nobly col\r$1 & f9i%$ ) exquisite c>e4  
,9 composition x resembles ^? ( 8 uncle1
 = "o ( :i* x might be mi/ak51 did we n 
f9d ! "n ( ,g]vasio & ! date ( #afja4 ,b
 he 0 n always equally dilig5t1 &       
sometimes betrays a me*anical h&1 :ile  

!re is (t5 a monotony 9 8 c\nt5ances1 & 
a want ( selection 9 8 heads1 no unusual
 fault 9 portrait-pa9t]s1 among :om he  
held a high rank4 ,x is mo/ probable t  
he saw ! works ( ! ,c>acci1 traces ( :i*
 ,i h discov]$ 9 "s ( 8 productions1 &  
p>ticul>ly 9 ^? at ,s4 ,s4 ,pietro &    
,m>cell9o4 ,p]haps x 0 a bro!r ( ?is    
arti/ :o left a picture ( a             
,crucifixion1 surr\nd$ by diff]5t sa9ts1
 at ,s4 ,sepolcro 9 ,piac5za1 be>+ an   
inscription ( ,uriel de ,gattis dictus  
,soj>ius1 #afja4 ,x boa/s great /r5g? ( 
col\r+1 comb9$ ) no little elegance1 b !
 mann] is insignificant & x is feeble 9 
*i>oscuro4 ,?is1 if ,i mi/ake n1 is !   
same ,uriele :o1 on ! te/imony ( ! ,cav4
 ,ridolfi1 _h be5 select$ = "s und]tak+ 
at ,crema 9 pref]5ce to ,urb9i1 z ,i    
=m]ly obs]v$4 ,b]n>d9o likewise in/ruct$
 ,sprang]1 a fav\rite arti/ ( ! ,emp]or 
,rodolph ,,ii4 z well z ! ,anguissole1 (
 bo? ( :om we %all give "s acc\nt       
%ortly4 ,:at m peculi>ly di/+ui%es him  
is 8 title to be consid]$ ! great ma/] (

 ! ,cremonese ,s*ool1 :i*1 b5efitt$ by 8
 pres5ce & guid$ by 8 precepts &        
examples1 produc$ dur+ s long a p]iod   
su* a v>iety ( admirable works4 ,to     
speak frankly :at ,i ?9k1 ,cremona w\ld 
nev] h se5 h] ,campi1 nor h] ,boccacc9o 
rise s high1 if ,soi>o _h n exhibit$ 8  
tal5ts 9 t city4  ,! rema9+ portion (   
our *apt] w be devot$ almo/ :olly to !  
,campi1 a family t fill$ ,cremona1      
,milan1 & o!r cities ( ! /ate1 bo? 9    
private & public1 ) _! pa9t+s4 ,!y      
consi/$ ( f\r individuals1 all ( :om    
devot$ !mselves indefatigably to ! art  
until !y rea*$ an extreme old age4 ,!y 7
 by "s d5om9at$ ! ,vas>i & ! ,zucc>i (  
,lomb>dy1 a comp>ison f\nd$ on "s degree
 ( tru? 9 reg>d to ! ext5t & ! va/      
me*anism ( _! compositions2 b n j1 z f> 
z int5d$ to be appli$ to any desire (   
a*iev+ mu*1 r ?an :at 0 excell5t 9 its  
k9d4 ,giulio & ,b]n>d9o1 ! mo/          
accompli%$ ( _! family1 7 accus$ ( too  
great rapidity & want ( accuracy2 b !y  
are n v (t5 liable to ! *>ge1 & _m ( _! 

faults mu/ be ascrib$ to _! assi/ants4  
,!y g5]ally produc$ good designs1 :i* 7 
inv>iably well col\r$1 & ^! /ill rema9  
entire1 :ile ^? ( ,vas>i & ,zucc>i /& 9 
ne$ ( cont9ual re/oration & ret\*+ f !  
fad+ ( _! col\rs4 ,( bo? ^! ma/]s1      
h[ev]1 z well z ! re/ ( ! ,campi1 we mu/
 n[ proce$ to treat 9 _! individual "*4 
,giulio may be pron\nc$ ! ,lodovico     
,c>acci ( 8 s*ool4 ,! elde/ bro!r (     
,antonio & ,v9c5zo1 & ! relation1 or !  
in/ructor at lea/1 ( ,b]n>d9o1 he =m$ ! 
project ( unit+ ! be/ qualities ( a     
numb] ( /yles 9 "o4 ,8 fa!r1 :o 0 8 fir/
 preceptor1#cg n conceiv+ himself equal 
to p]fect+ him 9 ! art1 s5t him to !    
s*ool ( ,giulio ,romano1 e/abli%$ at t  
p]iod 9 ,mantua1 & :i* _h begun1 accord+
 to ,vas>i1 to propagate ! ta/e imbib$  
by its ma/] f ! mo/ di/+ui%$ ornam5t ( !
 art4 ,romano1 too1 in/ruct$ 8 pupils 9 
! pr9ciples ( ar*itecture1 pa9t+1 &     
modell+1 & r5d]$ !m capable ( direct+ & 
conduct+ all ! bran*es ( a va/ &        
multipli$ und]tak+ ) _! own h&s4 ,su* an

 education 0 enjoy$ by ! elde/ ,campi1 &
 by 8 bro!rs1 ow+ to 8 c>e4 ,! *ur* (   
,s4 ,m>gh]ita 0 :olly decorat$ by him2 &
 ! *apels at ,s4 ,sigismondo 7 all      
complet$ by him & 8 family4 ,!y conta9  
almo/ e v>iety ( ! art1 l>ge pictures1  
small hi/ories1 cameos1 /uccos1         
*i>oscuros1 grotesques1 fe/oons ( fl[]s1
 pila/]s1 ) gold recesses1 f :i* ! mo/  
graceful =ms ( *]ubs seem to rise )     
symbols adapt$ to ! sa9t ( ! alt>2 9 a  
^w1 ! :ole ( ! pa9t+s & _! decorations  
are ! "w ( ! same g5ius1 & sometimes ( !
 same h&4 ,?is adds greatly to _! h>mony
 & 9 consequ5ce to _! beauty1 no?+ 9    
fact be+ truly beautiful t has n p]fect 
unity4 ,x is a real loss to ! arts t ^! 
v>i\s tal5ts %\ld be divid$1 s z to     
compel u to seek a diff]5t arti/ = works
 ( diff]5t sorts2 :5ce x arises t 9 a   
numb] ( halls & *ur*es we meet )        
collections1 hi/ories1 & ornam5ts ( e   
k9d1 s extremely opposite1 t n only "o  
"p fails to rem9d u ( ! o!r1 b sometimes
 repels x1 & seems to compla9 ( its =c$ 

& inh>moni\s union4 ,b we mu/ aga9 turn 
our att5tion to ,giulio ,campi4         
,footnote #cg3 ,we may "h correct !     
mi/ake ( ,orl&i1 :o      assigns ! dea? 
( ,galeazzo to ! ye> #aecf1 & ,giulio's 
bir? to #aedj1 :5 x is kn[n t he began 8
 lab\rs z      e>ly z #aebb4  ,x appe>s 
!n t he laid ! f\ndation ( 8 ta/e &     
pr9ciples "u ,giulio ,romano4 ,f him he 
d]iv$ ! dignity ( 8 design1 8 k (       
anatomy1 v>iety & f]tility ( ideas1     
magnific5ce 9 8 ar*itecture1 & a g5]al  
ma/]y ov] e subject4 ,to ?is he add$    
/r5g? :5 he visit$ ,rome1 :]e he /udi$  
,raffaello & ! antique1 design+ ) a     
wond]ful degree ( accuracy ! column (   
,trajan1 univ]sally reg>d$ z a s*ool ( !
 anci5ts always op5 to ! pres5t day4    
,ei!r at ,mantua or else:]e he likewise 
/udi$ ,titian1 & imitat$ him 9 an equal 
degree ) any o!r =eign arti/4 ,9 8      
native /ate he met ) two m models 9     
,pord5one & ,soi>o1 9 ^: /yle1 accord+  
to ,vas>i1 he ex]cis$ himself1 be=e he  
became acqua9t$ ) ! works ( ,giulio4 ,f 

su* prep>atory /udies1 comb9$ ) imitat+ 
:atev] he met ) 9 ,raffaello &          
,coreggio1 he acquir$ t /yle :i* is f\nd
 to p>take ( ! mann] ( s _m diff]5t     
arti/s4 ,on visit+ ! *ur* ( ,s4         
,m>gh]ita j allud$ to1 9 company ) an   
able pr(essor ( ! art1 we !re notic$    
sev]al ( 8 heads1 ea* drawn aft] a      
diff]5t model1 insomu* t on view+ !     
works ( ?is arti/ we feel incl9$ to     
pron\nce ! same op9ion on him1 z        
,alg>otti did on ! ,c>acci1 t 9 "o ( _! 
pictures "o k9d ( ta/e prevails1 & 9    
ano!r an opposite mann]4 ,?us 9 8 ,s4   
,girolamo1 9 ! ca!dral at ,mantua1 & 9 8
 ,p5teco/ at ,s4 ,gismondo 9 ,cremona1  
we meet ) all ! /r5g? ( ,giulio1 ?\gh 8 
mo/ successful imitation is to be f\nd 9
 ! ca/le ( ,soragno 9 ! t]ritory (      
,p>ma1 :]e he repres5t$ ! lab\rs (      
,h]cules 9 a gr& hall1 :i* might be     
pron\nc$ an excell5t s*ool = ! /udy ( ! 
nak$ figure4 ,9 ! l>g] picture at ! *ur*
 ( ,s4 ,gismondo1 :]e ! duke ( ,milan is
 se5 ) 8 du*ess 9 ! act ( be+ pres5t$ by

 ! patron sa9ts to ! ,holy ,virg91 &    
also 9 t ( sa9ts ,pietro & ,m>cell9o at 
! *ur* be>+ _! "n1 ,campi displays s mu*
 ( ! ,titian mann] z to h be5 mi/ak5 = t
 arti/4 ,"o ( 8 ,hi/ories ( ! ,passion1 
9 ! ca!dral1 repres5t+ ,*ri/ be=e       
,pilate1 0 also suppos$ to be f ! h& (  
,pord5one1 ?\gh asc]ta9$ to be 84       
,f9ally 9 a ,holy ,family1 pa9t$ at ,s4 
,paolo 9 ,milan1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! figure (
 ! *ild se5 c>ess+ a holy prelate1 :o   
/&s lo/ 9 admiration1 we are pres5t$ )  
all ! natural grace1 unit$ to all !     
skill t c be requir$ 9 an imitator (    
,coreggio4 ,! picture is exquisitely    
beautiful1 & an engrav+ ( x 9 l>ge folio
 0 tak5 by ,giorgio ,ghigi1 a celebrat$ 
arti/ ( ,mantua4  ,nor did ,giulio's    
admiration ( great pa9t]s lead him to   
neglect ! /udy ( nature4 ,x 0 nature he 
consult$1 & select$ f2 a /udy :i* he    
inculcat$ likewise ^u ! re/ ( ! ,campi4 
,a *oice is ?us p]ceptible 9 _! heads1 m
 especially 9 ^? ( _! wom51 evid5tly    
drawn f nature1 & ,i may add f national 

tru?1 inasmu* z !y express ideas &      
attitudes t are n usually met ) 9 o!r   
arti/s2 ! hair & temples (t5 appe>+ b\nd
 ) a ribbon1 z 0 !n cu/om>y 9 ! city1 & 
is /ill 9 use 9 "s ( ! villages4 ,!     
col\r+ ( ! heads approa*es ne> t ( ,paul
 ,v]onese1 & 9 ! :ole ( _! pa9t+s !     
,campi 7 accu/om$ to make use ( !       
di/ribution ( col\rs t _h prevail$ be=e 
! "t ( ! ,c>acci1 ?\gh 9 _! mann] (     
dispos+ & animat+ !m !y acquir$ a       
peculi> beauty :i* ,sc>amuccio pron\nces
 :olly orig9al4 ,judg+1 !re=e1 f _!     
col\rs1 & ! air ( _! heads1 x is        
difficult to disc]n ! individual h&s ( !
 ,campi2 b if we exam9e ! design we %all
 m easily di/+ui% !m4 ,giulio surpasses 
! re/ 9 po9t ( dignity2 & he likewise   
aims at display+ m k1 bo? ( ! human     
frame & ( ! effects ( lights & %ad[s4 ,9
 correctness too he is sup]ior to 8 two 
bro!rs1 ?\gh he is n equal to ,b]n>d9o4 
,! ,cav4 ,antonio ,campi 0 in/ruct$ by 8
 bro!r 9 ar*itecture & pa9t+1 9 ! =m] ( 
:i* he employ$ himself m ?an ,giulio4   

,?is 0 useful to him 9 ! di/ribution ( 8
 l>ge works1 :]e he (t5 introduc$       
p]spective views ( great beauty1 &      
display$ great skill 9 =e%ort5+4 ,a f9e 
specim5 ( 8 p[]s is to be se5 9 !       
sacri/y ( ,s4 ,pietro1 ) t beautiful    
colonnade1 above :i* appe>s ! *>iot (   
,elias 9 ! di/ance4 ,antonio 0 also a   
modell]1 an engrav]1 & ! hi/orian ( 8   
native /ate1 ^: annals1 enri*$ ) _m ( 8 
copp]-plates1 he publi%$ 9 #aehe4 ,9 !  
,campi family1 !re=e1 he w be f\nd to   
occupy ! same place z ,ago/9o among !   
,c>acci1 an arti/ ( great v]satility1   
conv]sant ) polite lett]s4 ,he 0 well   
kn[n & appreciat$ by ,ago/9o1 :o engrav$
 "o ( 8 mo/ beautiful productions1 !    
,apo/le ( ! ,g5tiles 9 ! act ( rais+ a  
p]son f ! dead4 ,x is plac$ at ,s4      
,paolo 9 ,milan1 a noble *ur*1 :]e all !
 ,campi1 9 ! same mann] z at ,s4        
,sigismondo1 are se5 9 competition ) ea*
 o!r4 ,antonio !re appe>s to great      
advantage1 no less 9 ! =em5tion$ picture
 ?an 9 t ( ! ,nativity1 ?\gh ! frescos  

adorn+ ! *apels1 ascrib$ to him1 are    
defici5t 9 accuracy4 ,?us he also       
produc$ works ( unequal m]it at ,s4     
,sigismondo1 z if he wi%$ to %ew t he   
knew m ?an he 0 ambiti\s ( express+4 ,8 
mo/ famili> model1 z is rem>k$ also by  
,lomazzo1 0 ,coreggio1 & ! feature t he 
mo/ aim$ at express+ 0 t ( grace4 ,to   
?is he (t5 atta9$ 9 po9t ( col\r+1 b 0  
less happy 9 design1 :]e1 ow+ to 8 /udy 
( elegance1 he at times becomes         
disproportionately ?91 & at o!rs1 9 ord]
 to display 8 p[]1 he exhibits a        
=e%ort5+ some:at out ( place4 ,he is    
/ill m mann]$ 9 8 m robu/ subjects1 &   
occasionally bord]s ^u heav9ess &       
vulg>ity1 into :i* 8 imitation (        
,coreggio's gr&eur1 m difficult1 p]haps1
 ?an 8 grace1 d\btless betray$ him4 ,!re
 are _m ( ^! exceptions1 h[ev]1 along ) 
8 incorrectness ( design1 s (t5         
disc]nible1 :i* are to be attribut$ to 8
 num]\s assi/ants1 employ$ 9 ^! va/     
und]tak+s4 ,b ?is w n apply to 8        
ov]-gr\p+1 :i* is s rem>kable 9 "s ( 8  

compositions1 nor to ! introduction (   
c>icatures into 8 holy hi/ories1 :i* is 
a sort ( je/+ out ( season4 ,9 a ^w 8   
g5ius 0 va/1 spirit$1 resolute1 b (t5 9 
want ( ! re92 & 9 ?is respect1 & g5]ally
 9 :at relates to pictorial le>n+1 we   
%\ld d wrong to put him 9 competition ) 
,lodovico ,c>acci4  ,9 ! *ur* ( ,s4     
,paolo1 at ,milan1 !re is an inscription
 by ,v9c5zio ,campi1 9 :i* he m5tions   
,giulio & ,antonio z 8 y\ng] bro!rs4    
,mo/ probably1 h[ev]1 x has be5 ins]t$  
!re by "s o!r h&1 be+ q contradictory to
 :at is e/abli%$ by hi/ory4 ,= he is    
repres5t$ by ,antonio z ! y\nge/ ( !    
bro!rs1 & by o!rs z an indefatigable    
assi/ant 9 _! lab\rs1 & little m wor?y (
 be+ comp>$ ) !m ?an ,francesco ,c>acci 
) 8 bro!r ,annibal or ,ago/9o4 ,8       
portraits1 h[ev]1 are held 9 e/eem1 z   
well z 8 fruit pieces1 :i* he pa9t$ on a
 small scale = private rooms 9 a v      
natural mann]1 & !y are by no means r>e 
at ,cremona4 ,9 ! col\r+ ( 8 figures he 
0 equal to 8 bro!rs1 b 9 po9t ( inv5tion

 & design greatly inf]ior to !m4 ,he    
appe>s to h imitat$ ,antonio r ?an      
,giulio1 z f> z we c judge f ! few works
 he has left1 :i* are n[ kn[n to be 84  
,he pa9t$ a few alt>-pieces = 8 native  
place1 f\r ( :i* consi/ ( ,desc5ts f !  
,cross4 ,t 9 ! ca!dral extort$ ! praise 
( ,bald9ucci2 & truly 9 ! figure ( ,*ri/
 8 =e%ort5+ deceives ! eye l t (        
,pord5one 9 8 ,dead ,*ri/1 :ile 8 heads 
& 8 col\r+ h likewise be5 comm5d$4 ,i   
_c1 h[ev]1 ?9k t ! attitude ( ! ,virg9  
"m1 :o is se5 grasp+ 8 face ) bo? h]    
h&s1 is v becom+2 nor d ,i approve ( !  
sa9ts ,antonio & ,raimondo1 :o liv$ at a
 p]iod s remote f t ( ,*ri/1 be+ "h     
introduc$1 ! "o support+ 8 arm1 ! o!r   
kiss+ 8 h&4 ,x moreov] betrays sev]al   
errors1 ( a k9d :i* ,bald9ucci1 s       
famili> ) a m le>n$ & sev]e s*ool1 w\ld 
n s easily h =giv5 _h he happ5$ to h    
beheld ?is picture4 ,v9c5zio seems to h 
possess$ great] skill 9 small ?an 9 l>ge
 figures1 9 common inde$ ) a great numb]
 ( arti/s4 ,m5tion is made 9 8 ,life (  

six little pictures :i* he execut$ on   
slate1 & :i* 7 sold aft] 8 dea? = ?ree  
hundr$ ducats4 ,zai/1 :om ,i foll[ 9 my 
index1 has pres5t$ u ) ! epo*s apply+ to
 ^! ?ree arti/s 9 su* a mann] z to leave
 !m 9 consid]able d\bt4 ,! inscription  
at ,s4 ,paolo 9 ,milan1 record$ 9 !     
,guide 7p4 #aeb7 is z foll[s3--,v9c5tius
 una cum ,julio et ,antonio fratribus   
p9x]unt an4 ,,mdlxxxviii4 ,n[ ,bianconi 
does n seem incl9$ to cr$it ! au!nticity
 ( ?is2 nor is x improbable b x may h   
be5 writt5 "s ye>s subsequ5t to ! pa9t+1
 & by ano!r h&4  ,b]n>d9o ,campi1 p]haps
 "s way relat$ to ! o!r ?ree ,campi1    
occupi$ ! same place 9 8 family z       
,annibal ,c>acci among/ 8 bro!rs4       
,receiv+ 8 fir/ in/ructions f ! elde/   
,campi1 he ent]$ into simil> views ( =m+
 a /yle :i* %\ld include t ( _m o!r     
arti/s1 & 9 a %ort "t he rivall$1 & 9 ! 
op9ion ( _m surpass$ 8 ma/]4 ,he _h at  
fir/ atta*$ himself to ! goldsmi?'s art 
by ! advice ( 8 fa!r2 b happ5+ to behold
 two tape/ries1 copi$ by ,giulio ,campi 

f ,raffaello1 he resolv$ to *ange 8     
pr(ession1 & devot+ himself to ! s*ool (
 ,campi at ,cremona1 & next to t (      
,ippolito ,co/a at ,mantua1 he began to 
pr(ess ! art at ! age ( n9ete51 &       
acquir$ a great pr(ici5cy 9 x at t e>ly 
age4 ,at ,mantua he cultivat$ an        
acqua9tance ) ,giulio ,romano & 8 s*ool1
 & we may inf]1 t f ! /udy ( 8 works he 
0 enabl$ to enl>ge 8 views & 8 capacity 
= great und]tak+s4 ,b ! love (          
,raffaello 0 fix$ 9 8 he>t1 & he took   
delight 9 no?+ s mu* z 8 pictures1 8    
designs1 & 8 engrav+s2 :ile 9 ,giulio & 
! re/ he 0 only anxi\s to emulate ^?    
portraits :i* appe>$ to him to be> "s   
resemblance to 8 ,raffaello4 ,!re too he
 appli$ himself to ! /udy ( ,titian's   
s]ies ( ! ,caes>s1 elev5 9 numb]2 & aft]
 hav+ copi$ !m he add$ a twelf? 9 a /yle
 s p]fectly consi/5t1 z to exhibit no   
traces ( imitation4 ,by ! lib]ality ( "o
 ( 8 patrons he 0 enabl$ also to visit  
,p>ma1 ,mod5a1 & ,reggio1 9 ord] to     
become acqua9t$ ) ! mann] ( ,coreggio2 &

 ! advantage he !nce d]iv$1 8 pictures  
at ,s4 ,gismondo suffici5tly display4 ,f
 ^! fir/ pr9ciples1 ) su* z he /udi$ 9 8
 native place1 he d]iv$ "o ( ! mo/      
orig9al /yles t is to be met ) 9 ! li/ (
 imitators4 ,8 imitation is nev]1 l t ( 
s _m o!rs1 app>5t to ! eye1 b r         
resembles our poet ,sannazz>o's1 ( ! be/
 ,roman writ]s1 :o col\rs ) !m e l9e1 b 
t l9e is /ill 8 own4 ,9 s great a v>iety
 ( models1 ! mo/ belov$ & ! mo/ hon\r$1 
z ,virgil 0 by ,sannazz>o1 0 ,raffaello 
by ,b]n>d9o2 b x 0 un=tunate = him t he 
did n see ,rome1 & ! orig9als :i* t     
great pictoric g5ius !re produc$4 ,!    
want ( ?is he suppli$ ) ability1 & =m$ =
 himself sev]al maxims drawn f nature & 
simplicity1 :i* s]ve to di/+ui% him f ! 
re/ ( 8 s*ool4 ,by ! side ( ! o!r ,campi
 he p]haps appe>s ! mo/ timid arti/1 b !
 mo/ correct2 he has n ! magnific5ce (  
,giulio1 b he has m ideal beauty1 & mu* 
m captivates ! he>t4 ,he resembles      
,antonio r ?an ,giulio 9 ! l5g? ( 8     
proportions2 b n s 9 o!r po9ts1 = he    

occasionally bord]s ^u dryness1 z 9 8   
,assumption at ! ca!dral1 9 ord] to     
avoid fall+ into mann]ism4  ,b x is !   
*ur* ( ,s4 ,sigismondo :i* inspires u ) 
! l(tie/ ideas ( ?is arti/1 9 e view4   
,we c imag9e no?+ m simply beautiful1 & 
m consi/5t ) ! g5ius ( ! be/ age1 ?an 8 
picture ( ,/4 ,cecilia1 9 ! act ( play+ 
on ! organ1 :ile ,/4 ,ca!r9e is se5 /&+ 
ne> h]1 & above !m a gr\p ( angels1     
app>5tly engag$ ) _! musical in/rum5ts &
 ) _! voices1 9 p\r+ =? 9 conc]t ) ! two
 innoc5t virg9s1 /ra9s wor?y ( ,p>adise4
 ,?is pa9t+1 ) its surr\nd+ decoration (
 *]ub figures1 displays 8 ma/]y 9 grace4
 ,/ill he appe>s to no less advantage 9 
po9t ( /r5g? 9 8 figures ( ! ,prophets1 
gr&ly design$1 = ! same place2 al?\gh he
 seems m anxi\s to inve/ !m ) dignity ( 
feature & ( action1 ?an to give /r5g? & 
muscle to _! proportions4 ,above all1 he
 %one ) mo/ advantage 9 ! gr& cupola1 ) 
:i* few 9 ,italy w be> a comp>ison1 &   
/ill few] c be pref]r$ = ! abundance1   
v>iety1 di/ribution1 gr&eur1 & gradation

 ( ! figures1 & = ! h>mony & gr& effect 
( ! :ole4 ,9 ?is empyrean1 ?is va/      
conc\rse ( ! bless$1 belong+ to ! ,old &
 ,new ,te/am5t1 !re is no figure t may n
 be recognis$ by its symbols1 & t is n  
se5 9 p]fection f its own po9t ( view1  
:5ce all appe> ( ! natural proportion1  
al?\gh !y are on a scale ( sev5 braccia 
9 height4 ,su* a "w is "o ( ^? r>e      
monum5ts :i* s]ve to prove1 t x is      
possible = a great g5ius to execute     
rapidly & well2 x 0 :olly conduct$ by   
him 9 sev5 mon?s2 & to satisfy ! workm51
 :o 7 m s5sible ( ! brevity ( ! "t ?an !
 m]it ( ! "w1 he obta9$ a writt5        
ackn[l$gm5t f ,soi>o & ,giulio ,campi1 t
 he _h a*iev$ a laudable task4 ,b]n>d9o 
0 y\ng] ?an ei!r ( !m1 or ?an           
,boccacc9o1 & ! citiz5s took pleasure 9 
plac+ him 9 competition ) "o or ! o!r ( 
!m 9 _! public works1 9 ord] t a noble  
emulation might call =? all _! p[]s1 nor
 suff] !m to slumb]4 ,nev]!less1 !      
,nativity ( our ,"l1 at ,s4 ,dom5ico1   
has be5 pron\nc$ 8 ma/]piece2 a k9d (   

ab/ract1 9 :i* he aim$ at compreh5d+ !  
v>i\s excell5ces ( ! art4 ,?is1 at lea/1
 is ! op9ion ( ,lamo1 :o compos$ a      
diffuse life ( ?is arti/2 su* z to r5d] 
8 in=mation f> ! mo/ copi\s we possess  
^u ! subject4 ,he also compil$ a correct
 catalogue ( 8 works1 execut$ bo? 9 8   
native place & at ,milan1 :]e he pass$ a
 great "p ( 8 "t1 & ( ^? he pa9t$ 9     
=eign p>ts4 ,we f9d a great numb] (     
portraits ( pr9ces1 z well z ( private  
p]sons1 enum]at$2 8 skill 9 ?is bran* ( 
! art1 9 :i* v few equall$ him1 greatly 
add+ to 8 fame & =tune4 ,! precise p]iod
 ( 8 decease is n kn[n1 ?\gh x mu/ h be5
 some:]e t[>ds #aeij1 at :i* "t ! art   
assum$ q a new aspect at ,cremona4      
,,s*ool ,,( ,,cremona4     ,,epo* ,,iii4
       ,decl9e ( ! ,s*ool ( ! ,campi4   
,trotti & o!r      ,arti/s support x4   
,f ! brief description already giv51 x w
 easily be p]ceiv$ h[ f> ! ,campi ,s*ool
 0 a sort ( sket* ( t ( ! ,c>acci2 & :at
 7 ! causes :i* contribut$ to !         
sup]iority ( ! latt]1 al?\gh !y _h bo? !

 same orig9al outl9e4 ,! ,c>acci 7 all  
excell5t design]s1 & inv>iably aim$ at  
appe>+ su*2 !y 7 likewise unit$ by      
affection1 no less ?an by _! place (    
resid5ce1 & 7 cont9ually engag$ 9 assi/+
 ea* o!r4 ,f9ally1 !y support$ an       
academy1 mu* frequ5t$1 ! object ( :i* 01
 n s mu* to /udy ! v>i\s mann]s (       
diff]5t arti/s1 z to exam9e ! diff]5t   
effects produc$ by nature1 s z to r5d]  
_! works h] real (fspr+1 z x 71 & n h] m
 di/ant relations4 ,! ,campi1 on ! o!r  
h&1 did n s uni=mly aspire to ! same    
excell5ce1 nor did !y reside1 & unite   
toge!r 9 =m+ s me?odical & well-e/abli%$
 an academy2 ea* ma9ta9+ a sep>ate s*ool
 & resid5ce1 & tea*+1 if ,i mi/ake n1 r 
h[ _! pupils %\ld imitate !m1 ?an h[ !y 
%\ld pa9t4 ,h5ce x arose1 t :ile        
,dom5i*9o1 ,guido1 ,gu]c9o1 & o!rs ( !  
,c>acci ,s*ool1 di/+ui%$ !mselves by _! 
novelty & orig9ality ( mann]1 ! s*ol>s (
 ! ,campi 7 conf9$ to ! sph]e ( imitat+1
 z ne>ly z lay 9 _! p[]1 ! pa9t]s ( _!  
own city1 ei!r sev]ally or 9 a select   

numb]4 ,& ?us1 z man is e :]e ! same1 x 
"h ensu$1 z 9 ! re/ ( ! ,italian s*ools1
 t hav+ acquir$ a tol]able degree (     
skill 9 imitat+ _! pr$ecessors1 arti/s  
began to slack5 _! indu/ry4 ,! fir/ _h  
accu/om$ !mselves to copy only f ! life2
 !y drew c>toons1 !y modell$ 9 wax1 &   
c>efully arrang$ all ! divisions ( _!   
folds1 ) e access>y2 b ! second cont5t$ 
!mselves ) mak+ a few sket*es1 & "s     
heads tak5 f nature1 execut+ ! re/ ( _! 
"w 9 a m]e me*anical mann]1 & z !y judg$
 to be mo/ conv5i5t4 ,?us by degrees ?is
 great s*ool deg5]at$1 & x happ5$ also  
ab\t ! same p]iod1 :5 ! disciples (     
,procacc9i obs]v$ ! same me?od at       
,milan4 ,f ?is cause1 dur+ ! sev5te5?   
c5tury1 ,lomb>dy 0 fill$ ) ! sect>i/s ( 
! art1 among :om ! foll[]s ( ,zuc*]i    
!mselves w\ld h appe>$ 9 ! rank ( ma/]s4
 ,a few !re 7 :o /ruggl$ to free        
!mselves f ! h]d ( imitators2 &         
,c>avaggio af=d$ !m an opportunity4     
,born 9 ! vic9ity ( ,cremona1 he 0 p>tly
 consid]$ _! compatriot1 & ! m will+ly  

foll[$ by ! ,cremonese2 m p>ticul>ly z x
 became popul> to cry d[n ! /yle ( ! la/
 ma/]s z feeble1 & to dem& "o ( a m     
vigor\s "*4 ,! attempt succe$$ admirably
 9 a few2 :ile o!rs1 on ! contr>y1 z x  
occurr$ 9 ,v5ice1 at ,cremona also      
became only co>se & sombre4 ,i h n be5 v
 anxi\s to cultivate an acqua9tance ) ! 
arti/s ( ?is p]iod2 ?\gh ,i %all take   
c>e to make m5tion ( su* z succe$$ 9    
rais+ !mselves above ! cr[d4  ,ea* ( !  
,campi1 !re=e1 claims 8 own disciples1  
?\gh !y h n always be5 di/+ui%$ 9       
hi/ory1 be+ describ$ "u ! g5]al         
designation ( pupils ( ! ,campi2 z ! two
 ,ma9>di1 ,&rea & ,m>c ,antonio1 by     
,orl&i4 ,! two pupils ( ,giulio1 be/    
entitl$ to comm5dation1 namely1 ,gamb>a 
( ,brescia1 & ,viani ( ,cremona1 hav+   
fl\ri%$ 9 o!r s*ools1 h be5 record$ by  
u1 ! fir/ among ! ,v5etians2 & ! second 
among ! ,mantuan arti/s4  ,antonio      
,campi has left u an acc\nt ( ?ree ( 8  
own disciples3 ,ippolito ,/orto1 ,gio4  
,bati/a ,belliboni1 & ,gio4 ,paolo      

,fondulo1 :o pass$ into ,sicily4 ,all ( 
!m rema9$ 9 obscurity1 h[ev]1 9         
,lomb>dy1 & are omitt$ 9 ! pa9t]s'      
,diction>ies4 ,t[>ds ! close ( 8 life1  
he in/ruct$ "o ,galeazzo ,ghidone1 an   
arti/ ( weak heal?1 :o employ$ himself  
only at int]vals1 b ) success2 z we may 
judge f 8 picture ( ! ,prea*+ ( ,/4     
,john ! ,bapti/1 at ,s4 ,mattia1 9      
,cremona1 :i* has be5 highly comm5d$ by 
good connoisseurs4 ,ano!r1 is ,antonio  
,b$us*i1 :o1 9 8 tw5ty-six? ye>1 produc$
 a ,pieta = ,s4 ,sepolcro1 9 ,piac5za1 &
 a /ill sup]ior pa9t+ ( ! ,m>tyrdom (   
,s4 ,/efano2 he is ref]r$ to ! s*ool ( !
 ,campi1 & /rongly p>takes ( ! /yle (   
,antonio2 ,i e/eem him "o ( 8 imitators1
 if n 9 ! li/ ( 8 pupils4 ,he 0 unkn[n  
to ! hi/orian ,zai/1 & is indebt$ =     
commemoration to ! ,sig4 ,propo/o       
,c>asi4  ,luca ,cattapane 0 initiat$ 9 !
 art by ,v9c5zio1 & devot$ mu* "t to    
copy+ ! works ( ! ,campi family4 ,he    
succe$$ 9 ?is by exhibit+ a r>e boldness
 ( h&1 s z to give 8 pieces ! air (     

orig9als1 & !y cont9ue to impose ^u !   
mo/ exp]i5c$1 ev5 to ! pres5t day4 ,he  
likewise c\nt]feit$ ! /yle ( ,gamb>a 9 a
 ,pieta ( 81 at ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,pietro1 9 
,cremona2 & 9 ord] to enl>ge ! picture1 
he add$ ?ree figures 9 a ta/e agreeable 
to ! =m]4 ,= ! re/1 be+ misl$ by 8      
ambition to =m a new /yle1 or to approa*
 ne>] ,c>avaggio1 he became ev5 m sombre
 ?an ! ,campi1 ) /ill less ta/e4 ,_m ( 8
 alt>-pieces yet rema94 ,9 ,s4 ,donato1 
at ,cremona1 he repres5t$ ! ,behead+ (  
,/4 ,john2 "o ( 8 mo/ successful works1 
9 :i* ! effect is sup]ior ei!r to !     
design or to ! expression4 ,to ^! we may
 add a numb] ( 8 fresco pa9t+s1 ?\gh    
inf]ior to ^? he execut$ 9 oil4         
,b]n>d9o1 h[ev]1 0 ! fav\rite ma/]1 & ! 
mo/ frequ5t$ ( any belong+ to ! s*ool4  
,8 successors h cont9u$ to fl\ri% long]1
 & ev5 rea*$ ! conf9es ( ! pres5t age4  
,i fir/ propose to enum]ate a few ( 8   
mo/ di/+ui%$ s*ol>s1 :o ei!r did n tea*1
 or taught ! art only to a few2 & ,i    
%all aft]w>ds treat ( ,malosso & 8      

s*ool1 :i*1 ab\t ! ye> #afcj1 held !    
*ief sway 9 ,cremona1 & became "o ( !   
mo/ celebrat$ ?r\gh\t ,lomb>dy4         
,coriolano ,malagavazzo1 :o is          
errone\sly call$ ,girolamo ,malaguazzo1 
9 ! ,pa9t]s' ,diction>y1 assi/$ 9 !     
lab\rs ( 8 ma/]1 insomu* z to r5d] x    
unc]ta9 :e!r ,cremona possesses any     
pa9t+ design$ & execut$ by himself2 = x 
is suppos$ t he drew 8 f9e alt>-piece1 9
 ,s4 ,silve/ro1 repres5t+ ! ,virg9 )    
,s4,s4 ,francesco & ,ignazio1 ! m>tyr1 f
 "o ( ,b]n>d9o's designs4 ,no?+1        
likewise1 t has n be5 que/ion$1 rema9s (
 ,cri/(oro ,magnani da ,pizzi*ettone1 a 
"y arti/ ( great promise1 z we are in=m$
 by ,antonio ,campi1 :o lam5ts !        
%ortness ( 8 c>e]4 ,lamo1 too1 compla9s 
( 8 loss1 :5 he m5tions him & ,trotti z 
! two greate/ g5iuses ( ! s*ool4 ,8 *ief
 tal5t lay 9 portraits2 ?\gh he 0 also  
well skill$ 9 compositions4 ,i h se5 "o 
( 8 productions1 consi/+ ( ,sa9ts       
,giacomo & ,giovanni1 at ,s4 ,francesco1
 9 ,piac5za1 an e>ly ef=t1 b v well     

conceiv$ & execut$4 ,&rea ,ma9>di1 call$
 ,*iavegh9o1 employ$ himself bo? s+ly & 
) ,m>cantonio1 8 nephew1 9 pa9t+ = !    
city1 & m especially = its environs4 ,by
 ,bald9ucci1 he is pron\nc$ a weak      
pa9t]2 & su* inde$ he appe>s :]ev] he   
work$ 9 ha/e1 & = a small sum4 ,b sev]al
 ( 8 alt>-pieces1 lab\r$ ) m c>e1 t5d to
 r$eem 8 "*2 !re he %ews himself a      
successful disciple ( ,b]n>d9o1 bo? 9 8 
m9ute /yle1 z 9 8 ,m>riage ( ,s4 ,anne1 
at ! ,eremites1 & 9 8 l(ti] mann]1 z 9 8
 l>ge picture ( ! ,div9 ,sangue1 or     
div9e blood4 ,he exhibits t prophetic   
idea1 torcul> calcavi solus1 & ! ,r$eem]
 is se5 /&+ upright "u a w9e-press1 &1  
cru%$ by ! ,div9e ,ju/ice1 emitt+ f 8   
holy body1 ?r\gh ! op5 w\nds1 :ole      
/reams ( blood1 :i* are receiv$ into    
sacr$ vessels by ,s4 ,ago/9o1 & ?ree o!r
 ,doctors ( ! *ur*2 & are aft]w>ds %$ = 
! b5efit ( an imm5se cr[d ( ! ,fai?ful1 
:o are se5 ga!r$ r\nd4 ,! same subject  
,i saw 9 "o ( ! *ur*es ( ,recanati1 & 9 
"s o!rs1 b no :]e s appropriately       

express$4 ,x is a picture t w\ld reflect
 cr$it on any s*ool2 exhibit+ f9e =ms1  
ri* drap]ies1 w>m & lively col\r+4 ,9 ! 
di/ribution ( 8 small & frequ5t lights  
he might1 inde$1 h be5 m happy1 z well z
 9 ! gr\p+ ( 8 figures2 a fault1 h[ev]1 
common to _m ( 8 s*ool4  ,! be/1 h[ev]1 
( ^! disciples ( ,b]n>d9o1 ) a numb] (  
o!rs :om ,i omit1 7 all surpass$ by a   
fair vot>y ( ! art nam$ ,s(onisba       
,angussola1 sprung f a noble family at  
,cremona4 ,along ) h] y\ng] si/]1 ,el5a1
 :o aft]w>ds took ! veil1 %e receiv$ 8  
in/ructions at h] fa!r's reque/1 9 8 own
 h\se4 ,^u 8 go+ to ,milan1 ,soi>o 0    
select$ to supply ! place ( ,b]n>d9o1 & 
,s(onisba soon atta9$ to su* a degree ( 
excell5ce1 m p>ticul>ly 9 portraits1 z  
to be e/eem$ "o ( ! mo/ f9i%$ pa9t]s (  
h] age4 ,%e at fir/ sup]9t5d$ !         
pictorial education ( h] f\r y\ng]      
si/]s1 ^: names 7 ,lucia & ,m9]va1 :o   
di$ "y2 ,europa & ,anna ,m>ia1 ( :om !  
=m] m>ri$1 & di$ 9 ! fl[] ( h] age2 & ( 
! second1 likewise m>ri$1 !re rema9s no 

fur!r acc\nt4 ,vas>i be/[s ! highe/     
comm5dations ^u ,s(onisba1 & ^u ! o!r   
si/]s1 ) :om he 0 acqua9t$ at ,cremona1 
:5 !y 7 "y4 ,at t p]iod ,s(onisba _h    
already be5 invit$ z c\rt pa9t]1 by     
,philip ,,ii4 into ,spa91 :]e1 besides !
 portraits %e took ( ! royal family & ( 
,pope ,pius ,,iv41 %e pa9t$ sev]al o!r  
pr9ces & lords ( rank1 all ambiti\s ( ! 
same hon\r1 insomu* t we might apply to 
h] ! words ( ,pl9y3 ,illos nobilitans   
quos esset dignata po/]is trad]e4 ,ent]+
 aft]w>ds into matrimony ) "o ,moncada1 
%e resid$ ) him "s ye>s at ,pal]mo1 &   
aft] 8 dea? aga9 m>ri$ a g5tleman ( ! "n
 ( ,lomell9o4 ,%e di$ at ,g5oa1 at a v  
advanc$ age1 infirm & bl9d2 ?\gh %e     
cont9u$ to conv]se & give h] advice ^u !
 art until h] la/ mom5ts2 insomu* t     
,v&yck 0 he>d to say1 t he _h acquir$ m 
k f h]1 ?an f any "o else he knew4 ,h]  
portraits are greatly e/eem$ 9 ,italy2 &
 9 p>ticul>1 two :i* %e took ( h]self2  
"o ( :i* is 9 ! ducal gall]y at         
,flor5ce1 & ! o!r 9 possession ( !      

,lomell9i family at ,g5oa4  ,i next     
approa* t celebrat$ pupil ( ,b]n>d9o1   
:om ,i promis$ to m5tion at ! close ( ! 
*apt]2 & ?is is ! ,cavali] ,gio4 ,bati/a
 ,trotti1 :o publi%$ 8 ma/]'s life1 dur+
 8 lifetime1 writt5 by ,lamo4 ,none (   
,campi's pupils 0 s mu* atta*$ to him z 
?is arti/1 :o m>ri$ 8 niece1 & 0 left   
heir to 8 valuable /udio4 ,on 8 compet+ 
at ,p>ma ) ,ago/9o ,c>acci1 & be+ m     
applaud$ at c\rt1 x 0 said by ,ago/9o1 )
 pleasantry1 t !y _h giv5 him a h>d bone
 to gnaw4 ,h5ce he acquir$ ! surname (  
,malosso1 :i* he adopt$1 & sometimes    
made use ( 9 sign+ 8 "n1 besides        
transmitt+ x1 z an h]$it>y appellation1 
to 8 nephew4 ,?us he conv]t$ into a     
s\rce ( applause1 ! satiric trait laun*$
 aga9/ him by ,c>acci1 meant to convey1 
t ! p ( ,p>ma _h pref]r$ to him an arti/
 ( inf]ior wor?4 ,nor inde$ 0 ,malosso 8
 equal ei!r 9 design or 9 solid judgm5t2
 ?\gh he c\ld boa/ pictoric attractions 
:i* made him appe> to advantage :5      
oppos$ to o!r arti/s4 ,he display$      

little ( ,b]n>d9o's ta/e1 except 9 a few
 ( 8 fir/ ef=ts2 he aft]w>ds /udi$      
,coreggio1 &1 mo/ ( all1 aim$ at        
resembl+ ,soi>o1 ^: gay1 op51 &         
brilliant /yle1 v>i$ %ort5+s1 & spirit$ 
attitudes1 he exhibit$ 9 ! *ief "p ( 8  
works4 ,b he c>ri$ x too f>1 mak+ an    
extravagant display ( 8 :ite & o!r cle> 
col\rs1 )\t suffici5tly temp]+ !m )     
%ade1 insomu* t ,i h he>d 8 pa9t+s      
comp>$ to ^? on porcela92 :ile he has   
be5 accus$ ( want ( relief1 or accord+  
to ,bald9ucci1 ( "s degree ( h>%ness4 ,8
 heads are1 h[ev]1 extremely beautiful1 
smil+ ) lovel9ess1 & ( a graceful       
r\ndness1 n unlike ,soi>o's2 ?\gh he is 
too apt to repeat !m on ! same canvass1 
ne>ly alike 9 features1 col\rs1 &       
attitude4 ,"h 8 rapidity ( h& alone 0 9 
fault1 z he 0 9 no want ( f]tility (    
ideas4 ,:5 he pleas$ he c\ld give v>iety
 to 8 l9eam5ts1 z we ga!r f 8 ,behead+ (
 ,/4 ,john1 at ,s4 ,dom5ico1 9 ,cremona1
 z well z to 8 compositions2 hav+       
repres5t$ at ,s4 ,francesco & at ,s4    

,ago/9o1 9 ,piac5za1 & if ,i mi/ake n1  
else:]e1 a picture ( ! ,conception ( !  
,virg91 9 e in/ance ab\nd+ ) fre% ideas4
 ,nor d we (t5 meet ) any ( 8 pa9t+s    
?r\gh\t ! num]\s cities 9 :i* he 0      
employ$1 t h mu* resemblance 9 po9t (   
inv5tion4 ,he 0 equally v>i$ 9 8        
imitations :5 he pleas$1 z appe>s f 8   
,crucifixion1 surr\nd$ by sa9ts1 9 !    
ca!dral ( ,cremona1 execut$ 9 ! be/     
,v5etian ta/e2 :ile 8 ,s4 ,m>ia         
,egiziaca driv5 f ! ,temple1 to be se5  
at ,s4 ,pietro 9 ! same t[n1 p>takes z  
mu* ( ! ,roman4 ,!re is also a ,pieta ( 
8 at ,s4 ,abbondio1 :i* %ews t he 0     
occasionally happy 9 cat*+ ! ,c>acci    
mann]4  ,8 mo/ e/eem$ works 9 fresco1 = 
:i* he 0 hon\r$ ) ! title ( cavali]e1 7 
exhibit$ 9 ! palace call$ del ,gi>d9o1  
at ,p>ma4 ,8 lab\rs 9 ! ,cupola ( ,s4   
,abbondio1 be=e-m5tion$1 7 on a         
magnific5t scale1 ?\gh design$ f ,giulio
 ,campi4 ,b !y display a ma/]y ( h&1 &  
/r5g? ( col\r+1 fully equal1 if n       
sup]ior1 to ! inv5tion ( ! "w4 ,=       

,giulio1 inde$1 did n possess ! same    
skill 9 v>y+ 8 gr\ps ( angels z !       
,c>acci2 inasmu* z bo? he & 8 family 7  
accu/om$ to arrange !m l ! horses we see
 9 ! anci5t *>iots1 all drawn up 9 a    
l9e1 or 9 "s o!r mann] unusual 9 ! be/  
s*ools4 ,! ,cremonese hi/orian          
endeav\rs1 9 "s degree1 to def5d ,trotti
 f ! *>ge ( h>%ness1 ca/+ x ^u 8        
assi/ants & disciples1 ^: alt>-pieces h 
be5 attribut$ to ,malosso1 by           
,bald9ucci4 ,?is may be ! case ) "s1 b  
!re are o!rs inscrib$ ) ! "n ( ,trotti1 
especially at ,piac5za1 :i* m or less   
exhibit ! same fault4 ,nor ought we to  
ca/ reflections ^u an arti/ ( a second>y
 "*1 on acc\nt ( "s errors1 z ^! are    
precisely ! cause ( 8 exclusion f ! rank
 ( ! v fir/ ma/]s4  ,trotti educat$ a   
numb] ( arti/s :o fl\ri%$ ab\t ! ye>    
#afjj1 devot$ to 8 mann]1 al?\gh 9 c\rse
 ( "t ! me?od ( prep>+ gr\nds becom+    
corrupt$ ?r\gh\t ,italy1 & ! age atta*$ 
to a m sombre /yle ( col\r+1 !y 7 induc$
 to ab&on mu* ( t cle>ness :i* =ms a    

*ief *>act]i/ic ( 8 col\r+4 ,bald9ucci  
gives "s acc\nt ( ,erm5egildo ,lodi1 z  
well z ,orl&i1 :o c\ld n disc]n :i* (   
two pa9t+s belong$ to ! ma/]1 & :i* to !
 s*ol>4 ,?is1 ,i conjecture1 arose f    
pa9t+ "u ! eye ( 8 preceptor1 :om he    
assi/$ 9 _m ( 8 lab\rs1 toge!r ) 8 bro!r
 ,manfr$o ,lodi4 ,:5 we consult ! few   
:i* he execut$ alone1 p>ticul>ly at ,s4 
,pietro1 !y discov] no?+ to h excit$ !  
jeal\sy ( ,ago/9o ,c>acci1 nor to h ga9$
 = ! arti/ ! appellation ( ,malosso4 ,! 
productions likewise ( ,giulio ,calvi1  
call$ ,il ,coron>o1 might be mi/ak5 = ! 
lea/ p]fect ( ^? ( ,trotti1 says ,zai/1 
:]e !y are n inscrib$ ) 8 "n4 ,! same   
may be av]r$ ( two o!r arti/s1 ,/efano  
,lambri & ,cri/(oro ,augu/a1 a y\? (    
great promise1 cut (f 9 ! fl[] ( 8 age2 
& bo? excell5t disciples ( ! s*ool4 ,^!1
 no less ?an ,coron>o1 may be se5 &     
comp>$ ) ea* o!r 9 ! *ur* & conv5t ( !  
,padri ,pr$icatori1 :i* possess specim5s
 ( ea*4  ,( ,euclide ,trotti1           
be=e-m5tion$1 !re rema9s 9 8 native     

place no "w cle>ly asc]ta9$ to be 81    
except two hi/ory-pieces ( ,/4 ,james ! 
,apo/le1 at ,s4 ,gismondo4 ,^! too 7    
sket*$ by ,calvi1 & complet$ by         
,euclide1 ) a v able imitation ( 8 uncle
 ,gio4 ,bati/a's /yle4 ,! alt>-piece ( !
 ,asc5sion1 h[ev]1 at ,s4 ,antonio1 9   
,milan1 is :olly ascrib$ to him2 &      
displays mu* beauty1 & a m s]i\s mann]  
?an is g5]ally to be met ) 9 ! works ( !
 eld] ,malosso4 ,no o!r pa9t+ is        
attribut$ to him1 nor 0 he capable (    
execut+ _m4 ,= :ile yet "y1 he 0 tri$ & 
f\nd guilty ( felony aga9/ ! pr9ce4 ,be+
 ?r[n into prison1 he is !re suppos$ to 
h di$ by poison1 :i* 0 adm9i/]$ by 8    
fri5ds1 9 ord] to avoid ! disgrace ( a  
public execution4 ,9 conclusion1 we mu/ 
n omit ! "n ( ,panfilo ,nuvolone4 ,he 0 
atta*$ to ,malosso1 :om he imitat$ f !  
outset2 b he aft]w>ds foll[$ a m solid &
 less attractive /yle4 ,"o ( 8 works1   
:i* is omitt$ 9 ! acc\nt ( 8 life1 is 8 
,s4 ,ubaldo giv+ 8 b5$iction to ! sick1 
at ,s4 ,ago/9o1 9 ,piac5za4 ,m5tion w be

 made ( ?is pa9t] also 9 ! ,milanese    
,s*ool1 :]e he fl\ri%$1 toge!r ) 8 two  
sons1 ,giuseppe & ,c>lo1 :o obta9$ !    
appellation ( ! ,guido ( ,lomb>dy4      
,,s*ool ,,( ,,cremona4     ,,epo* ,,iv4 
,=eign ,mann]s introduc$ into ,cremona4 
,among ! desc5dants ( ,malosso !        
,cremonese ,s*ool cont9u$ to decl9e2 &  
"h1 z 9 ! in/ance ( s _m o!rs1 x 0      
compell$ to resort to =eign s\rces1 9   
ord] to re/ore its some:at ag$ & exhau/$
 p[]s4 ,c>lo ,pic5>di1 ( a patrician    
family1 0 ! fir/ to lead ! way1 an arti/
 :o _h rank$ among ! fav\rite pupils (  
,lodovico ,c>acci4 ,he 0 v successful 9 
burlesque hi/ories1 & likewise exhibit$ 
to ! public "s ( 8 pa9t+s1 execut$ =    
*ur*es1 :i* 7 imitat$ by ano!r ,c>lo    
,pic5>di1 call$ ! y\ng]1 :o _h =m$ 8    
/yle 9 ,v5ice & at ,rome4 ,o!r arti/s ( 
! city atta*$ !mselves to o!r s*ools1   
insomu*1 t be=e ! middle ( ! sev5te5?   
c5tury _m new mann]s _h aris5 :i* assum$
 ! place ( m native /yles4 ,9 ! tra9 (  
,malosso ,zai/ enum]ates ,pi] ,m>tire   

,n]i1 or ,negri1 a good portrait-pa9t] &
 compos]1 ?\gh1 adds ! hi/orian1 he     
procur$ f a =eign s\rce a "* ( m        
boldness & /r5g? ( %ad[1 at ! same "t   
adduc+ z an in/ance1 8 great picture ( !
 ,man born ,bl9d receiv+ 8 sight f our  
,savi\r1 :i* is pres]v$ at ! hospital ( 
,cremona4 ,he pa9t$ likewise a ,s4      
,giuseppe at ! ,c]tosa1 9 ,pavia1 a "w  
:i*1 if ,i mi/ake n1 is sup]ior 9 po9t (
 ta/e to ! =m]1 & !re are o!rs to be met
 ) 9 ,rome1 :]e ! arti/'s "n is f\nd    
among ! academicians ( ,s4 ,luke4  ,&rea
 ,ma9>di op5$ s*ool simultane\sly )     
,malosso2 & two ( 8 pupils1 ,gio4       
,bati/a ,tortiroli & ,c>lo ,natali1     
became p>ticul>ly di/+ui%$4 ,bo? ab&on$ 
_! native place1 ,gio4 ,bati/a go+ fir/ 
to ,rome & !nce to ,v5ice1 :]e he =m$ a 
/yle :i* p>takes mo/ ( ! y\ng] ,palma1  
unit$ to an evid5t imitation (          
,raffaello4 ,su* x appe>s 9 8 picture ( 
! ,slaught] ( ! ,innoc5ts1 at ,s4       
,dom5ico1 comm5dable 9 po9t (           
composition1 & extremely well col\r$4   

,?is1 & a few o!r productions1 are      
reg>d$ h[ev] only z specim5s ( 8 p[]s1 !
 arti/ dy+ 9 8 ?irtie? ye>1 leav+ beh9d 
him a pupil ( ! "n ( ,gio4 ,bati/a      
,lazz>oni4 ,?is la/ fl\ri%$ at ,piac5za 
& 9 ,milan1 0 an excell5t               
portrait-pa9t]1 & mu* employ$ by !      
pr9ces ( ,p>ma & o!r p]sonages ( high   
rank4 ,c>lo ,natali1 surnam$ ,il        
,gu>dol9o1 att5d$ ! s*ool ( ,ma9>di1 &  
aft]w>ds t ( ,guido ,r5i1 to :i* he add$
 a long resid5ce at ,rome & ,g5oa1      
obs]v+ all t 0 mo/ valuable1 & ex]t+ 8  
own tal5ts 9 ! art4 ,x 0 :ile engag$ 9  
execut+ a frieze 9 ! ,doria palace at   
,g5oa1 t he in/ruct$ ,giulio ,ces>e     
,procacc9i 9 ! pr9ciples ( pa9t+1 :o _h 
previ\sly devot$ himself to sculpture1 &
 9 him he pres5t$ u ) "o ( ! mo/        
successful imitators ( ,coreggio4       
,c>lo's atta*m5t to ar*itecture1 h[ev]1 
p]mitt$ him to produce few specim5s1 :i*
 are highly e/eem$ 9 8 native /ate1 9   
p>ticul> 8 ,santa ,francesca ,romana1   
pa9t$ = ,s4 ,gismondo1 a piece1 :i* if n

 p]fect1 is c]ta9ly above m$iocrity4    
,he _h a son nam$ ,giambati/a1 :om he   
in/ruct$ 9 bo? ^! arts2 ?\gh he 0       
desir\s t he %\ld acquire a m p]fect k (
 !m "u ,pietro da ,cortona at ,rome4    
,!re he pursu$ 8 /udies & left "s       
specim5s ( alt>-pieces1 produc+ works ^u
 a /ill m ext5sive scale ^u 8 return to 
,cremona1 :]e he op5$ s*ool & introduc$ 
! ,cortona mann]1 al?\gh ) little       
success4 ,!re is a l>ge picture ( 8 at !
 ,p4 ,pr$icatori1 display+ "s skilful   
ar*itecture1 & 9 :i* ! holy patri>* is  
se5 9 ! act ( burn+ "s h]etical books2  
nor is x at all unwor?y ( a disciple (  
,pietro4 ,9 ! ar*ives ( ! royal gall]y  
at ,flor5ce ,i discov]$1 at ! p]iod ,i 0
 draw+ up my index1 "s lett]s address$  
by ,gio4 ,bati/a to ! ,c>d4 ,leopoldo   
de' ,m$ici1 "o ( :i* 0 writt5 f ,rome1  
dat$ #afgd1 :]e9 he /ates t he 0 !n     
engag$ 9 collect+ notices respect+ !    
arti/s ( 8 native place4 ,h5ce we may   
ga!r ! real orig9 ( _! lives1 z conta9$ 
9 ! "w ( ,bald9ucci1 = :om ! ,c>d9al1 :o

 patroniz$ him1 likewise procur$ o!r    
mat]ials = 8 hi/ory f diff]5t places4   
,_h ,zai/ be5 in=m$ ( ?is he w\ld r h   
direct$ bo? 8 eulogies & 8 compla9ts to 
,natali1 ?an to ,bald9ucci or 8         
cont9uator4 ,! pupils ( ,natali 7 ,c>lo 
,tassone1 :o became1 on ! model (       
,lov9o1 a pa9t] ( portraits1 mu* admir$ 
at ,tur9 & o!r c\rts2 ,francescantonio  
,caneti1 aft]w>ds a ,capu*9 ,fri>1 & a  
pretty good m9iature-pa9t] 9 8 day1 & :o
 left a f9e pa9t+ 9 ! *ur* ( 8 own ord] 
at ,como2 ) ,francesco ,boccacc9o1 ! la/
 ( t pictoric family1 :o di$ ab\t ! ye> 
#agfj4 ,hav+ famili>iz$ himself at      
,rome1 fir/ ) ! s*ool ( ,br&i1 & next ) 
t ( ,m>atta1 he acquir$ a mann] t came  
into "s repute 9 private collections1 = 
:i* he employ$ himself m ?an = *ur*es4  
,he resembles ,albano1 & 0 fond (       
portray+ my?ological subjects4 ,a few ( 
8 alt>-pieces /ill adorn ,cremona1 :i*  
may be e/eem$ good = ! p]iod at :i* !y 7
 produc$4  ,:ile ! ,cremonese arti/s    
left _! native /ate 9 se>*1 z we h      

obs]v$1 ( m novel me?ods1 a =eign] took 
up 8 resid5ce1 & n only /udi$1 b taught 
at ,cremona4 ,?is 0 ,luigi ,miradoro1   
commonly call$ ,il ,g5oves9o1 f 8 native
 city ( ,g5oa1 :5ce1 aft] be+ initiat$ 9
 ! pr9ciples ( 8 art1 he appe>s to h    
gone1 :ile "y1 to ,cremona1 t[>ds !     
beg9n+ ( ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,!re he     
began to /udy ! works ( ,panfilo        
,nuvolone1 & aft]w>ds =m$ a mann] p>tak+
 ( ! ,c>acci1 ?\gh nei!r s select nor   
/udi$1 b bold1 l>ge1 correct 9 col\r+1  
h>moni\s1 & productive ( f9e effect4    
,?is arti/1 equally unkn[n 9 8 native   
place & 9 =eign cities1 z well z pass$  
ov] by ,orl&i & 8 cont9uator1 is        
nev]!less held 9 high repute 9 ,lomb>dy1
 & p>ticul>ly 9 ,cremona1 :]e 8 pictures
 adorn sev]al *ur*es1 among :i* t ( 8   
,s4 ,gio4 ,damasc5o1 at ,s4 ,clem5te1   
has be5 mo/ highly comm5d$4 ,! ,m]*ants'
 ,college likewise at ,piac5za possesses
 a v beautiful pa9t+ ( a ,pieta f 8 h&4 
,9 all subjects he 0 successful1 &      
rem>kably s 9 ^? ( a t]rific ca/4 ,9 !  

,casa ,borri at ,milan !re is a piece   
repres5t+ a v>iety ( puni%m5ts inflict$ 
^u "s accomplices 9 a conspiracy1 a     
magnific5t production ( its k9d4 ,o!rs  
are to be met )1 ?\gh n v frequ5tly1 9  
collections belong+ to ! above m5tion$  
cities1 on "o ( :i* ,i read ! date (    
#afci4  ,ago/9o ,bonisoli 0 pupil to    
,tortiroli1 & subsequ5tly1 = ! space ( a
 ye>1 to ,miradoro1 ?\gh he 0 m indebt$ 
to 8 own g5ius ?an to any ma/]1 ) ! aid 
( /udy+ excell5t models1 m especially t 
( ,paul ,v]onese4 ,f him he borr[$ 8    
grace & _s1 8 design f o!r arti/s4 ,he  
pa9t$ little = *ur*es1 & ,cremona       
possesses sc>cely any o!r specim5 ?an ! 
,dialogue ( ,s4 ,antonio ) ! tyrant     
,ezzel9o1 :i* is pres]v$ at ! *ur* ( !  
,conv5tuali4 ,8 portraits &             
hi/ory-pieces are to be met ) 9 private 
h\ses1 = ! mo/ "p tak5 f sacr$ records1 
& int5d$ = ! decoration ( rooms4 ,_m (  
^! pass$ into ,g]many & o!r =eign p>ts2 
=1 hav+ be5 9 ! s]vice ( ,gio4          
,francesco ,gonzaga1 pr9ce ( ,bozolo1 9 

:i* he rema9$ tw5ty-eight ye>s1 8 pa9t+s
 7 frequ5tly pres5t$ z gifts1 or reque/$
 by =eign]s ( rank4 ,z long z he cont9u$
 9 8 native /ate he ma9ta9$ an academy =
 ! /udy ( nak$ figures1 9 :i* he gave   
in/ructions to y\?4  ,two o!r arti/s    
fl\ri%$ aft] him 9 ,cremona1 ( :om _!   
biograph] obs]ves t !y mu/ h drunk at ! 
same f\nta91 f ! great resemblance ( _! 
pa9t+s1 at lea/ dur+ a c]ta9 p]iod1 ?\gh
 !y diff]$ greatly 9 po9t ( col\r+4 ,"o 
is ,angelo ,mass>otti1 a native (       
,cremona1 ! o!r ,rob]to ,la ,longe1 born
 at ,brussels1 rank$ among ^? arti/s :o 
h be5 d5om9at$ ,fiamm+hi1 or ,flemi%1 9 
,italy1 an appellation :i* has giv5 rise
 to frequ5t mi/akes 9 hi/ory4 ,angelo 0 
und\bt$ly pupil to ,bonisoli1 & ?\gh he 
/udi$ _m ye>s ) ,cesi at ,rome1 :]e he  
pa9t$ at ,s4 ,salvatore 9 ,lauro1 he    
exhibits v little ( ! ,roman1 except a m
 regul> k9d ( composition ?an belongs to
 ! ,cremonese /yle4 ,= ! re/ he 0 fond] 
( introduc+ portraits ?an ideal =ms into
 8 canvass1 nor 0 he suffici5tly c>eful 

to %un ! faults ( ! naturali/s2 ow+ to  
:i*1 m p>ticul>ly 9 8 drap]ies1 he      
sometimes became heavy4 ,he boa/s       
moreov] a m ri* & oily col\r+ ?an 0 !n  
preval5t at ,rome1 :i* gives 8 pictures 
an appe>ance ( fulness & r\ndness1 :ile 
x adds to _! pres]vation4 ,p]haps 8     
ma/]piece is to be se5 at ,s4 ,ago/9o1 a
 va/ production1 9 :i* ! sa9t is        
repres5t$ giv+ rules to v>i\s religi\s  
ord]s1 :i* =m a body militant "u 8      
bann]s1 & 9 su* a cr[d ( figures1 !     
ideas1 ! attitudes1 & ! drap]ies are all
 well v>i$4  ,mo/ probably ,rob]to la   
,longe frequ5t$ ! academy ( ,bonisoli1 &
 occasionally1 z we h obs]v$1 con=m$ to 
! mann] ( ,mass>otti4 ,b bo? !re & at   
,piac5za1 :]e he long resid$ & clos$ 8  
days1 he pa9t$ 9 a v>iety ( /yles1 yet  
always s(t1 cle>1 & h>moni\s2 mu* z if  
he _h nev] v5tur$ beyond ! conf9es (    
,fl&]s4 ,at times he emulates ,guido1 z 
9 "s hi/ories ( ,s4 ,t]esa1 pa9t$ = ,s4 
,sigismondo at ,cremona2 & 9 "s hi/ories
 ( ,s4 ,antonio ,m>tire1 at ,piac5za1 he

 approa*es ,gu]c9o1 :ile at o!rs he     
displays a mixture ( /r5g?1 delicacy1 & 
beauty1 z 9 8 picture ( ,s4 ,sav]io1 9 !
 ca!dral at ,piac5za1 se5 9 ! act ( dy+1
 & support$ by angels4 ,8 l&scapes give 
s+ul> attraction to 8 figures1 ?\gh !   
latt] might be bett] design$1 & m       
gradation may be desir$ 9 8 l&scape1 z  
well z 9 o!r p>ts ( 8 works4  ,bo? ^!   
la/ ma/]s _h = _! pupil ,gian ,angiolo  
,borroni1 :o1 be+ tak5 "u ! patronage ( 
! noble h\se ( ,crivelli1 0 reta9$ _m   
ye>s at ,bologna1 dur+ ! p]iod ! ,creti 
rose into repute4 ,monti & ,giangioseffo
 del ,sole1 to ^: /yle he mo/ atta*$    
himself1 7 !n likewise fl\ri%+ at ! same
 place4 ,he 0 p>ticul>ly employ$ 9      
ornam5t+ ! palaces ( 8 patrons1 :o 7    
desir\s ( hav+ him ) !m1 bo? at ,cremona
 & at ,milan1 & 9 ?is la/ city he sp5t !
 be/ "p ( 8 life1 dy+ v infirm 9 ! ye>  
#aggb4 ,!re too he left ! *ief portion (
 8 works1 "s ( :i* are ^u a v l>ge      
scale1 di/ribut$ ?r\gh\t its temples &  
palaces1 besides o!rs 9 diff]5t cities (

 ! ,milanese1 m especially 9 8 native   
place4 ,9 ! ca!dral rema9s 8 picture (  
,s4 ,b5$etto1 9 ! act ( (f]+ up pray]s =
 ! city1 ( :i* he is ! patron1 to pa9t  
:i* ! ,cav4 ,borroni ex]t$ 8 utmo/      
degree ( indu/ry & art4 ,its success 0  
suffici5t inde$ to h plac$ x ^u an      
equality ) ! be/ ( its age1 _h !        
drap]ies be5 fold$ ) a degree ( skill at
 all correspond+ to ! re/ ( ! "w2 b 9   
?is he c]ta9ly 0 n happy4 ,a little     
subsequ5t to him began to fl\ri%        
,bottani1 an arti/ :o has be5 m5tion$   
also 9 ! ,mantuan ,s*ool2 =1 ?\gh a     
native ( ,cremona1 he resid$ else:]e4   
,good arti/s cont9ue to fl\ri% at       
,cremona to ?is day1 ^: m]its1 h[ev]1   
accord+ to my plan1 ,i leave unt\*$ to !
 judgm5t ( po/]ity4  ,pr(essors ( m9or  
bran*es ( pa9t+ 7 n want+ 9 ?is s*ool1  
"o ( :om1 nam$ ,francesco ,bassi1 :o _h 
fix$ 8 resid5ce at ,v5ice1 0 !re call$  
,il ,cremonese da' ,paesi4 ,8 p[]s 7    
extremely v>i$ & pleas+1 unit$ to great 
poli%1 p[]ful 9 8 %ad[s1 w>m 9 8 airs1  

:ile he (t5 add$ to 8 pieces figures (  
m5 & animals 9 a pretty correct ta/e4   
,!y enri* _m collections bo? 9 ,italy & 
else:]e1 & "s1 z we f9d f ! catalogue   
publi%$ 9 ,v5ice1 7 includ$ 9           
,alg>otti's4 ,we mu/ be cauti\s to avoid
 mi/ak+ ?is pa9t] = ano!r ,francesco    
,bassi1 also a ,cremonese1 :o is 9 t    
city call$ ! y\ng]4 ,he 0 a pupil ( !   
=m] 9 ! art ( l&scape1 & al?\gh mu*     
inf]ior to him1 is n unkn[n 9 diff]5t   
collections4 ,b a /ill high] rank 9 !   
same class is occupi$ by ,sigismondo    
,b59i1 a s*ol> ( ,mass>otti1 ! inv5tor (
 beautiful me?ods 9 8 l&scapes1 ) well  
retir+ gr\nds1 & ) all ! accid5ts (     
light well portray$4 ,8 composition is  
poli%$1 di/9ct1 & col\r$ ) equal h>mony 
& vig\r1 ?\gh to cont9ue agreeable he   
ought n to h transgress$ ! limits (     
l&scape2 =1 by ! addition ( 8 figures1  
he dim9i%$ ! value ( 8 works4  ,ab\t !  
same p]iod a family1 sprung f           
,casalmaggiore 9 ! ,cremonese1 di/+ui%$ 
itself 9 ! l9e ( ar*itectural &         

ornam5tal pa9t+4 ,giuseppe ,natali1 !   
eld]1 impell$ by 8 natural incl9ation = 
?is art1 ent]$ ^u x not)/&+ ! opposition
 ( 8 fa!r1 :i*1 be+ at l5g? ov]come1 he 
0 p]mitt$ to visit ,rome1 & to rema9 "s 
"t at ,bologna 9 ord] to qualify        
himself4 ,he fl\ri%$ precisely at !     
p]iod :i* ! ar*itectural pa9t]s are fond
 ( consid]+ z ! happie/ = _! art4 ,x _h 
v rec5tly be5 improv$ by ,d5tone1 by    
,colonna1 by ,mitelli1 & boa/$1 f its   
attractive novelty1 a numb] ( "y        
g5iuses1 :om x inspir$ ) ! dignity (    
ma/]s1 & ) ! prospect ( rew>ds1 a       
subject on :i* ,i %all treat m          
p>ticul>ly 9 ! ,bolognese ,s*ool4 ,he   
=m$ a /yle at once praisewor?y = !      
ar*itectural1 & judici\sly pleas+ = !   
ornam5tal p>ts4 ,he gratifies ! eye by  
pres5t+ x ) ^? views :i* are ! mo/ *>m+1
 & gives x repose by di/ribut+ !m at j  
di/ances4 ,9 8 grotesques he reta9s mu* 
( ! antique1 %unn+ all useless          
exhibition ( mod]n foliages1 & v>y+ !   
pa9t+ f "t to "t1 ) small l&scapes1 :i* 

he also execut$ well 9 little oil       
pictures1 :i* 7 9 ! highe/ reque/4 ,!   
s(tness & h>mony ( 8 t9ts extort$ great 
comm5dation4 ,he did n p]mit 8 tal5ts to
 rema9 idle1 ornam5t+ a numb] ( halls1  
*amb]s1 *apels1 & *ur*es ?r\gh\t        
,lomb>dy1 (t5 ) a rapidity t appe>s     
almo/ incr$ible4 ,he m p>ticul>ly       
di/+ui%$ himself at ,san ,sigismondo1 & 
9 ! palace ( ! ,m>*esi ,vidoni4  ,he _h 
?ree bro!rs :o foll[$ 9 8 foot/eps1 &   
all ( :om he _h himself in/ruct$4       
,francesco1 ! second1 approa*$ ne>e/ to 
,giuseppe 9 po9t ( m]it1 & ev5 surpass$ 
him 9 dignity4 ,he 0 employ$ 9 works on 
a l>ge scale = ! *ur*es ( ,lomb>dy &    
,tuscany1 z well z = ! c\rts ( ! dukes (
 ,massa1 ( ,mod5a1 & ( ,p>ma1 9 :i* city
 he clos$ 8 days4 ,lor5zo1 ! ?ird1      
*iefly assi/$ 8 bro!rs1 or if he _h !   
mis=tune to execute any works alone1 he 
0 r piti$ ?an applaud$4 ,pietro1 ! f\r? 
bro!r1 di$ "y & uncommemorat$4 ,!re 7   
two sons1 ! "o ( ,giuseppe1 ! o!r (     
,francesco1 :o 7 initiat$ by _! p>5ts 9 

! same art4 ,! fir/1 nam$ ,giambati/a1  
became c\rt-pa9t] to ! elector (        
,cologne2 & ! second1 :o bore ! same "n1
 hon\rably occupi$ a simil> rank at !   
c\rt ( ,*>les1 ,k+ ( ! two ,sicilies1 & 
9 t ( 8 son1 a /ation 9 :i* he di$4     
,giuseppe educat$ a pupil ( m]it 9 ,gio4
 ,bati/a ,zai/1 a "n to :i* we h        
frequ5tly ref]r$4 ,memoirs ( him 7      
collect$ by ,sig4 ,panni1 bo? 8 pupil & 
relation4 ,to him also we are indebt$ = 
! publication ( ! "w ( ,zai/1 by :i* we 
h be5 guid$ 9 ?is acc\nt4 ,x is a guide1
 h[ev]1 n to be foll[$ by a read] :o is 
9 ha/e1 inasmu* z he is f\nd to proce$ v
 leisurely1 & is v apt to g ov] ! same  
gr\nd aga94       ,,*apt] ,v4    ,,s*ool
 ,,( ,,milan4     ,,epo* ,i4            
,acc\nt ( ! ,anci5ts until ! "t ( ,v9ci4
   ,if 9 ea* ( our pictoric s*ools we h 
adh]$ to ! plan ( trac+ back ! memorials
 ( m b>b>\s ages1 & !nce proce$+ to m   
cultivat$ p]iods1 ,milan m especially z 
! capital ( ,lomb>dy1 & ! c\rt ( !      
,lomb>d k+s1 w af=d u an epo* rem>kable 

no less = its l(ty "* ?an = ! gr&eur (  
its monum5ts4 ,:5 ,italy pass$ f !      
dom9ion ( ! ,go?s to t ( ! ,longob>ds1 !
 arts1 :i* inv>iably foll[ 9 ! tra9 (   
=tune1 transf]r$ _! prim>y seat f       
,rav5na to ,milan1 to ,monza1 & to      
,pavia4 ,ea* ( ^! places /ill reta9s    
traces ( ! sort ( design n[ entitl$1 bo?
 on acc\nt ( ! place & ! "t1            
,longob>dic1 mu* 9 ! same mann] z 9 !   
diplomatic sci5ce we di/+ui% by ! same  
"n c]ta9 *>act]s peculi> to t age1 or r 
to ^? ages1 = aft] ! ,longob>ds 7 driv5 
f ,italy1 ! same ta/e 9 writ+ &         
sculpture cont9u$ to fl\ri% dur+ a great
 "p ( !m4 ,?is /yle1 z exhibit$ 9 works1
 bo? ( metal & ( m>ble1 is co>se & h>d  
beyond ! example ( any prec$+ age1 & is 
se5 mo/ frequ5tly & to mo/ advantage 9 !
 repres5tation ( mon/]s1 birds1 &       
quadrup$s r ?an ( human figures4 ,at !  
ca!dral1 at ,s4 ,mi*ele1 & at ,s4       
,giovanni 9 ,pavia1 appe> "s friezes ov]
 ! gates1 consi/+ ( animals *a9$ 9 a    
v>iety ( ways to "o ano!r1 sometimes 9  

natural positions1 & sometimes ) ! head 
turn$ beh9d4 ,9 ! int]ior ( ! same      
*ur*es1 z well z 9 "s o!rs1 we meet also
 ) capitals1 pres5t+ simil> figures1 n  
unfrequ5tly unit$ to hi/orical          
repres5tations ( m51 diff]+ s mu* f !   
human figure z to appe> belong+ to ano!r
 species4 ,! same k9d ( abuse ( ! art 0 
practis$ 9 places "u ! sway ( !         
,longob>d dukes1 "o ( :i* 0 ! ,friuli1  
:i* /ill pres]ves a numb] ( ^! b>b>\s   
ef=ts4 ,9 ,cividale !re is a m>ble alt>1
 fir/ begun by ,duke ,pemmone1 &        
complet$ by 8 son ,rat*i1 :o liv$ dur+ !
 eigh? c5tury4 ,! bassi-relievi consi/ (
 ,*ri/ seat$ betwe5 diff]5t angels1 8   
,epiphany1 & ! ,visitation ( ! ,bless$  
,virg94#ch ,art w\ld appe> sc>cely      
capable ( produc+ any ?+ m rude ?an ^!  
figures1 yet :oev] w be at ! pa9s (     
exam9+ ! frieze on a gate at ! same     
place1 or ! capitals ( ! pill>s ( ,s4   
,celso at ,milan1#ci works ( ! t5?      
c5tury1 w admit t x 0 susceptible ( /ill
 great] corruption :5 x add$ absurdity  

to its co>s5ess1 & produc$ di/ort$ &    
dw>fi% figures1 all h&s & all heads1 )  
legs & feet incapable ( support+ !m4    
,!re are an inf9ite numb] ( simil>      
m>bles1 & ( l design1 at ,v]ona & o!r   
places4 ,to ^!1 nev]!less1 are oppos$   
o!r monum5ts :i* w n p]mit u to admit1 z
 a g5]al rule1 t e trace ( good ta/e 0  
!n ext9ct 9 ,italy4 ,i might easily     
adduce in/ances1 drawn f diff]5t arts1 &
 9 p>ticul> f t ( work+ 9 gold1 :i*1    
dur+ ! t5? c5tury1 boa/$ its ,volv9o1 :o
 produc$ ! v celebrat$ alt>-piece at ,s4
 ,ambrogio 9 ,milan1 a "w :i* may be    
pron\nc$ equal 9 po9t ( /yle to ! f9e/  
specim5s ( ! dittici1 or small ivory    
alt>-pieces1 t ! museums ( sacr$ art c  
boa/4    ,footnote #ch3 ,! inscription  
is annex$ to x1 & may be f\nd      9    
,b]toli1 ,anti*ita di ,aquileia1 num4   
#eaf4    ,footnote #ci3 ,see ! ,dottore 
,gaetano ,bugati1 9 8 ,hi/orical      & 
,critical acc\nt ( ! relics & ! wor%ip (
 ,san      ,celso ! ,m>tyr1 p4 #a2 & !  
,p4 ,m4 ,allegranza1      ,explanations 

& ,reflections relat+ to "s sacr$       
monum5ts at ,milan1 p4 #afh4  ,conf9+   
myself1 h[ev]1 to ! subject be=e me1 we 
"k t ,tirabos*i rem>k$ 9 ! palace (     
,monza1 "s ( ! mo/ anci5t pictures      
belong+ to ^? ages1 :ile o!r simil>     
reliques are po9t$ out at ,s4 ,mi*ele 9 
,pavia1 al?\gh plac$ 9 too elevat$ a    
situation to p]mit u to =m an exact     
judgm5t ( !m4 ,o!rs yet m ext5sive exi/ 
9 ,galliano1 ( :i* a description is giv5
 9 ! ,opuscoli ( ,p4 ,allegranza1 7p4   
#aic74 ,^u ?is po9t ,i may obs]ve1 t !  
,treatise ^u ,pa9t+ already m5tion$1 0  
discov]$ 9 a manuscript 9 ! ,univ]sity (
 ,cambridge to h _h ?is                 
title3--,!ophilus ,mona*us 7else:]e qui 
et ,rug]ius71 de omni sci5tia artis     
p+5di4 ,incipit ,tractatus ,lumb>dicus  
qualit] temp]antur colores1 c4 ,?is is a
 conv9c+ pro(1 t if pa9t+ c\ld !n boa/  
an asylum 9 ,italy1 x mu/ h be5 m       
p>ticul>ly 9 ,lomb>dy4 ,& 9 ! *ur* ( ,s4
 ,ambrogio1 j m5tion$1 pro(s ( ?is are n
 want+4 ,ov] ! ,confessional is se5 a   

ceil+ 9 t]ra cotta1 ) figures 9         
basso-relievo1 tol]ably design$ &       
col\r$1 resembl+ ! composition ( ! be/  
mosaic-work]s 9 ,rav5na & 9 ,rome1      
suppos$ to be ! "w ( ! t5? c5tury1 or   
!reab\ts4 ,! figures ( ! ,sleep+ ,sa9ts 
are also se5 ne> ! gate1 :i* mu/ h be5  
pa9t$ ab\t ! same "t1 & 7 at "o "t cov]$
 ) lime1 ?\gh !y h s9ce be5 br\ght to   
light & v c>efully pres]v$ by ! le>n$   
ecclesia/ics :o are entru/$ ) ! c>e ( ! 
temple4 ,! portico has also a figure ( !
 ,r$eem]1 ) a holy man wor%ipp+ at 8    
feet1 :olly 9 ! ,greek mann]2 besides a 
,crucifixion1 :i*1 to judge f ! *>act]s1
 might m suitably be ascrib$ to !       
?irte5? c5tury ?an to ! next4 ,i omit ! 
m5tion ( sev]al figures ( ! ,crucifi$   
,savi\r & ( ! ,virg91 int]sp]s$ ?r\gh ! 
city & ! /ate2 cont5t+ myself ) ref]r+  
to ^? ( our ,lady plac$ at ,s4 ,satiro &
 at ,grav$ona1 :i* are ( v anci5t date4 
,f ! p]iod ( ^! fir/ ef=ts1 ,i am (     
op9ion t ! art ( pa9t+ cont9u$ to fl\ri%
 ?r\gh\t ! /ate & city ( ,milan1 ?\gh we

 are n =tunate en\gh to reta9 suffici5t 
memorials ( x to compile a full         
hi/orical acc\nt4 ,= little m5tion has  
be5 made by our olde/ writ]s conc]n+ !  
arti/s1 except incid5tally1 z by ,vas>i 
9 8 ,lives ( ,bramante1 ( ,v9ci1 & (    
,c>pi1 & by ,lomazzo1 9 8 ,treatise1 & 9
 8 ,temple1 or ,!atre#dj ( ,pa9t+4 ,z   
little likewise has be5 said by sev]al (
 ! m mod]n writ]s1 nor t always ) good  
au?ority1 su* z ,torre1 ,latuada1       
,santago/9i1 ^: n>ratives 7 collect$ by 
,orl&i1 & ins]t$ 9 8 ,diction>y4 ,"s    
supplem5t>y in=mation has be5 suppli$ by
 ,notices ( ! ,pa9t+s ( ,italy z to a   
v>iety ( arti/s1 & _! exact age2 & by ! 
,new ,guide to ,milan1 truly new &      
unique until ?is p]iod 9 ,italy1 &      
reflect+ ! highe/ cr$it ^u ! ,ab4       
,bianconi1 :o n only po9ts out e ?+ mo/ 
r>e 9 ! city1 b tea*es u1 by s\nd rules1
 h[ be/ to di/+ui% excell5ce f m$iocrity
 & inf]iority 9 ! art4 ,to ?is we may   
add ! "n ( ! ,consigli] de' ,pagave1 :o 
publi%$ v int]e/+ notices relat+ to ?is 

s*ool1 9 ! ?ird1 fif?1 & eigh? volumes (
 ! new ,si5ese edition ( ,vas>i4 ,i am  
also enabl$ to furni% consid]able       
in=mation 9 addition1 politely          
transmitt$ to me 9 manuscript by ! la/  
writ]1 = ! pres5t "w4 ,f ^! ,i am happy 
to ann\nce we may become acqua9t$ ) !   
names ( new ma/]s1 along ) mu*          
*ronological in=mation ( a s\nd] k9d1   
relat+ to ^? already kn[n1 frequ5tly    
d]iv$ f ! ,necrologio ( ,milan1 :i* _h  
be5 c>efully pres]v$ by "o ( ! public   
function>ies ( t city4    ,footnote #dj3
 ,he borr[$ ! idea ( ?is "w f ! ,!atre  
( ,giulio ,camillo1 ) :om he comp>es 8  
own ,treatise 9      *ap4 ix4 ,h5ce1 z 9
 ! case ( "s books :i* h two            
titles1 ,i judge x be/ to call x by ?is 
"n 7,!atre7      also1 z o!rs h done4   
,by aid ( ^!1 & o!r mat]ials ,i h to br+
 =w>d1 ,i prep>e to treat ( ! ,milanese 
,s*ool f z e>ly a date z #acce1 :5      
,giotto 0 employ$ 9 ornam5t+ v>i\s      
places 9 ! city1 :i*1 d[n to ! "t (     
,vas>i1 cont9u$ to be e/eem$ z mo/      

beautiful specim5s ( ! art4 ,n long     
subsequ5t to ,giotto1 an arti/ nam$     
,/efano ,fior5t9o 0 invit$ ?i!r by      
,matteo ,visconti1 & is celebrat$ z "o (
 ! mo/ accompli%$ pupils ( ! =m]4 ,b he 
0 compell$ by indisposition to ab&on !  
"w he _h und]tak5 9 t city2 nor d we "k 
t at t p]iod he _h any successor 9 !    
,giotto mann]4 ,ab\t ! ye> #acgj1 ,gio4 
da ,milano1 pupil to ,taddeo ,gaddi1    
arriv$ !re1 s able an arti/ t 8 ma/]1 at
 8 dea?1 entru/$ to him ! c>e ( 8 son   
,angiolo1 & ano!r son1 :om he 0 to      
in/ruct 9 a k ( ! art4 ,x is !re=e      
evid5t t ! ,flor5t9e e>ly ex]cis$ an    
influ5ce ov] ! ,milanese ,s*ool4 ,we are
 in=m$ at ! same "t ( two native arti/s1
 :o1 accord+ to ,lomazzo1 fl\ri%$ at !  
p]iod ( ,petr>* & ( ,giotto4 ,^! are    
,laodicia di ,pavia1 call$ by ,gu>i5ti1 
pittrice1 & ,&r9o di ,edesia1 also said 
to belong to ,pavia1 al?\gh bo? 8 "n & t
 ( ,laodicia lead u to conjecture t !y  
mu/ h be5 ( ,greek orig94 ,to ,edesia & 
8 s*ool h be5 attribut$ "s frescos :i*  

yet rema9 at ,s4 ,m>t9o & o!r places 9  
,pavia4#da ,i _c speak positively ( !   
au?ors2 _! ta/e is tol]ably good1 & !   
col\r+ p>takes ( t ( ! ,flor5t9es ( !   
age4 ,mi*el de ,ron*o1 a ,milanese1 is  
ano!r arti/ discov]$ by ,c\nt ,tassi1 at
 ! same "t t he gives "s acc\nt ( ! two 
,nova :o fl\ri%$ at ,b]gamo4 ,mi*ele is 
said to h assi/$ 9 _! lab\rs 9 ! ca!dral
 ( t city1 f ! ye> #acgf to #acgg1 &    
remnants ( ^! pa9t+s survive1 :i* %ew t 
!y approa*$ ne>] ! composition ( ,giotto
 ?an ! arti/s ( ,pavia4 ,!re are "s     
pictures 9 ,domodossola t also br+ u    
acqua9t$ ) an able arti/ ( ,nova4 ,!y   
are pres]v$ 9 ,ca/ello ,sylva & else:]e1
 & be> ! foll[+ memor&um--,ego ,petrus  
filius ,petri ,pictoris de ,nov>ia hoc  
opus p9xi1 #acgj4 ,)\t1 h[ev]1 go+ f>!r 
?an ,milan1 we !re f9d 9 ! ,sacri/y ( ! 
,conv5tuali1 z well z 9 diff]5t cloi/]s1
 pa9t+s produc$ 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury1 )\t 
any indication ( _! au?ors1 & mo/       
frequ5tly resembl+ ! ,flor5t9e mann]1   
?\gh occasionally display+ a new &      

orig9al /yle1 n common to any o!r s*ool 
( ,italy4    ,footnote #da3 ,see        
,notizie delle ,pitture1 ,sculture1 ed  
,ar*itetture d',italia1 by ,sig4        
,b]toli1 p4 #da1 c4  ,among ^! anonym\s 
productions 9 ! anci5t /yle1 ! mo/      
rem>kable is :at rema9s 9 ! ,sacri/y (  
,le ,grazie1 :]e e panel pres5ts u ) "s 
act f ! ,old or ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,!     
au?or w\ld appe> to h liv$ dur+ ! latt] 
"p ( ! f\rte5? & beg9n+ ( ! fifte5?     
c5turies2 nor is x easy to meet ) any   
o!r ,italian production1 conduct$ dur+ t
 age by a s+le arti/1 s abundantly      
suppli$ ) figures4 ,! /yle is dry1 b !  
col\r+1 :]e x has escap$ ! p[] ( ! sun1 
is s w>m1 s well laid on1 s boldly      
reliev$ f its gr\nds1 t x yields 9 no?+ 
to ! be/ ,v5etian or ,flor5t9e pieces ( 
! "t1 insomu* t :oev] be ! arti/ he is  
fully entitl$ to all ! praise (         
orig9ality4 ,ano!r ,lomb>d arti/1 =m]ly 
believ$ to be a ,v5etian1 is bett] kn[n4
 ,8 "n has be5 incorrectly giv5 by      
,vas>i1 9 8 life ( ,c>paccio1 & 9 t (   

,gian ,bell9i1 z well z by ,orl&i & by  
,gu>i5ti1 9 ?ree articles ins]t$ 9 !    
,diction>y ( art4 ,9 "o article1 foll[+ 
,vas>i1 he is call$ by ,orl&i1 ,girolamo
 ,mazzoni1 or ,morzoni1 & 9 ! two o!rs  
he is nam$ ,giacomo ,m>zone1 & ,girolamo
 ,morzone1 by ,gu>i5ti1 a writ] happi]  
p]haps 9 add+ to ! errors & prejudices  
ent]ta9$ ab\t ! old pa9t]s1 ?an 9       
correct+ !m4 ,8 real "n is to be f\nd ^u
 an alt>-piece :i* is /ill pres]v$ at   
,v5ice1 or 9 its isl& ( ,s4 ,el5a1 a    
piece repres5t+ ! ,assumption ( !       
,virg91 ) ! titul> sa9t1 ,s4 ,gio4      
,bati/a1 ,s4 ,b5$etto1 & a holy ,m>tyr1 
along ) ! foll[+ inscription--,giacomo  
,morazone a laura que/o lauori]4 ,an4   
,dni4 ,,mccccxxxxi4 ,! excell5t critic  
,zanetti is p]suad$1 f its ,lomb>d      
dialect1 z well z f ! fact ( ! arti/    
hav+ pa9t$ a good deal 9 diff]5t cities 
( ,lomb>dy1 z relat$ by ,vas>i1 t he    
does n belong to ! ,v5etian1 b to !     
,lomb>d ,s*ool1 & ! m s z he took 8 "n f
 ,morazzone1 a place 9 ,lomb>dy4 ,x is  

true1 t grant+ ?is1 !re is no great     
sacrifice made1 inasmu* z ?is ,giacomo1 
:o1 :5 9 ,v5ice1 0 ! competitor (       
,jacobello del ,fiore1 display$ little  
m]it1 at lea/ 9 ?is picture1 :i* _c boa/
 ev5 a foot plac$ ^u ! gr\nd accord+ to 
! rules ( p]spective1 nor any o!r m]it t
 raises x mu* above ! "* ( ! ?irte5?    
c5tury4  ,mi*el9o 0 an arti/ :o also    
reta9$ ! anci5t /yle1 & cont9u$ to ! la/
 ! practice ( mak+ 8 figures l>ge & 8   
build+s small1 a practice blam$ by      
,lomazzo ev5 9 ! olde/ pa9t]s4 ,he      
assigns to him a rank1 h[ev]1 among !   
be/ ( 8 age on acc\nt ( 8 designs (     
animals ( e k9d1 :i* he pa9t$1 says     
,lomazzo1 wond]fully well1 & ( ! human  
figure1 :i* he execut$ ) effect1 r 9    
burlesque ?an 9 s]i\s subjects2 & 9 ?is 
/yle 0 e/eem$ ! model ( 8 s*ool4 ,he    
w\ld appe> likewise to h be5 e/eem$ by  
=eign]s1 z we f9d 9 ! ,notizia ,morelli1
 t 9 ! h\se ( ! ,v5dram9i at ,v5ice !re 
0 pres]v$ a small book 9 #dto4 b\nd 9   
kid-sk91 ) figures ( animals col\r$ by  

?is arti/4 ,at a little int]val1 accord+
 to ,pagave1 we are to place ! p]iod (  
,ago/9o di ,bramant9o1 an arti/ unkn[n  
to ,bott>i1 z well z to m rec5t         
inve/igators ( pictorial hi/ory4 ,i     
appreh5d t an error committ$ by ,vas>i  
gave rise to an additional "o 9 ! m9d ( 
,pagave1 a v accurate writ]4 ,vas>i1    
rem>k+ t 9 a *amb] ( ! ,vatican1 :i* 0  
subsequ5tly pa9t$ by ,raffaello1 !      
previ\s lab\rs ( ,pi] della ,francesca1 
( ,bramant9o1 ( ,signorelli1 & ( ! ,ab4 
di ,s4 ,clem5te1 7 de/roy$ to           
accommodate ! =m]1 supposes t ! two fir/
 ( ! arti/s1 ?us sacrific$1 conduct$ !m 
contemporane\sly "u ,ni*olas ,v4 ab\t   
#adej4 ,induc$ by ! e/eem he _h = ! same
 ,bramant9o1 he collect$ notices also ( 
8 o!r works1 & discov]$ him to be !     
au?or ( ! ,dead ,*ri/ =e%ort5$1 ( !     
,family :i* deceiv$ ! horse at ,milan1 &
 ( sev]al p]spectives2 ! :ole ( :i*     
acc\nt is f\nd$ 9 error1 :5 attribut$ to
 a ,bramant9o1 :o fl\ri%$ ab\t #adej1   
yet ! :ole is true :5 we suppose !m to h

 be5 ! "w ( "o ,bramant9o1 pupil to     
,bramante1 :o liv$ 9 ! ye> #aebi4 ,i _c 
p]ceive1 h[ev]1 9 :at way ! ,consigli]  
,pagave c\ld h detect$ ,vas>i's mi/ake 9
 ! ,milanese works2 :il/ 9 ^? ( !       
,vatican1 :i*1 accord+ to ,vas>i        
himself1 all belong to ! same           
individual1 he has tak5 occasion to     
repeat x4 ,he _h bett] h ass]t$ t !     
hi/orian _h err$ 9 po9t ( *ronology1 9  
suppos+ t ,bramant9o pa9t$ "u !         
pontificate ( ,ni*olas ,v4 ?an h v5tur$ 
on ! hypo!sis ( ! exi/5ce ( an anci5t   
,bramant9o1 call$ ,ago/9o1 by :om a v   
beautiful "w 0 to be se5 9 ! papal      
palace1 & no o!r specim5 at ,rome1 at   
,milan1 or else:]e4 ,i disclaim all     
belief !n 9 ?is old arti/ until m       
au!ntic pro(s are br\ght =w>d ( 8       
exi/5ce1 & ,i %all be enabl$ to ?r[ new 
light ^u ! subject be=e ,i conclude !   
pres5t epo*4  ,9 ! "t ( ! celebrat$     
,francesco ,s=za1 & ( ! ,c>d9al ,ascanio
 8 bro!r1 bo? desir\s no less ( enri*+ !
 city ) f9e build+s ?an ^! la/ ) ! mo/  

beautiful decorations2 !re sprung up a  
numb] ( ar*itects & /atu>ies1 &1 :at is 
m to our purpose1 ( v able pa9t]s = !   
age4 ,_! reputation spread ?r\gh ,italy1
 & induc$ ,bramante to visit ,milan1 a  
"y arti/ :o possess$ ! noble/ g5ius1 bo?
 = ar*itecture & pa9t+1 & :o1 aft]      
acquir+ a "n 9 ,milan1 taught ! arts to 
,italy & to ! _w4 ,! =m] _h made little 
progress 9 po9t ( col\r+1 :i*1 ?\gh     
/rong1 0 some:at heavy & sombre1 nor 9  
reg>d to _! drap]y1 :i* is dispos$ 9    
/raight1 h>d folds1 until ! "t (        
,bramante1 :ile !y are also cold 9 _!   
features & attitudes4 ,!y _h improv$ !  
art1 h[ev]1 9 reg>d to p]spective1 no   
less 9 execution ?an 9 writ+ on !       
subject2 a circum/ance t l$ ,lomazzo to 
obs]ve1 t z design 0 ! peculi> excell5ce
 ( ! ,romans1 & col\r+ ( ! ,v5etians1 s 
p]spective seem$ to be ! *ief boa/ ( !  
,lomb>ds4 ,x w be useful to report 8 own
 words1 f 8 ,treatise ^u ,pa9t+1 p4     
#dje4 ,9 ?is art ( correctly view+      
objects1 ! great inv5tors 7 ,gio4 da    

,valle1 ,co/ant9o ,vaprio1 ,foppa1      
,civ]*io1 ,ambrogio & ,filippo          
,bevilacqui1 & ,c>lo1 all ( !m belong+  
to ,milan4 ,add to ^! ,fazio ,bembo da  
,vald>no1 & ,cri/(oro ,moretto (        
,cremona1 ,pietro ,francesco ( ,pavia1 &
 ,alb]t9o da ,lodi2#db :o1 besides !    
works !y produc$ at o!r places1 pa9t$ = 
! ,corte ,maggiore at ,milan1 ^? figures
 ( ! arm$ b>ons1 9 ! "t ( ,francesco    
,s=za1 fir/ duke ( ,milan3 t is to say1 
betwe5 ! p]iod ( #addg & #adff4         
,footnote #db3 ,note t ,lomazzo w\ld n h
 pass$ ov]      ! "n ( ,ago/9o di       
,bramant9o1 7 x true t he _h            
fl\ri%$ z e>ly z #adbj1 & employ$       
himself at ,rome1      an hon\r to :i* !
 re/ ( ^! ,milanese did n      atta94   
,9 treat+ ( ^! arti/s1 ,i %all obs]ve   
no?+ fur!r 9 ref]5ce to ! la/ f\r1 hav+ 
describ$ ^? ( ,cremona 9 _! own place1 &
 n be+ aw>e t any ?+ m ?an ! "n ( ! o!r 
two survives at ,milan2 ,i say at       
,milan1 because ,pi] ,francesco (       
,pavia1 ^: surname 0 ,sac*i1 left1 z we 

%all f9d1 "s f9e specim5s at ,g5oa1 :]e 
he resid$ dur+ "s "t4 ,x is d\btful :e!r
 any alt>-piece rema9s by ! fir/ ( ^!1  
7,gio4 della ,valle17 x be+ impossible  
to asc]ta9 ! fact4 ,nor d ,i "k ( any   
g5u9e "w belong+ to ,co/ant9o ,vaprio1  
?\gh !re is a ,madonna pa9t$ by ano!r   
,vaprio1 surr\nd$ by sa9ts 9 diff]5t    
comp>tm5ts1 at ! ,s]viti1 9 ,pavia1 )   
?is inscription3--,augu/9us de ,vaprio  
p9xit #adih3 a production ( "s m]it4    
,v9c5zio ,foppa1 said by ,ridolfi to h  
fl\ri%$ ab\t ! ye> #adjg1 is e/eem$     
almo/ ! f\nd] ( ! ,milanese ,s*ool1 9   
:i* he di/+ui%$ himself dur+ !          
sov]eignty ( ,filippo ,visconti1 & t (  
,francesco ,s=za4 ,i allud$ to 8 "n 9 ! 
,v5etian ,s*ool1 to :i* he is ref]able f
 8 be+ ( ,brescia1 :atev] ,lomazzo may  
on ! o!r h& cont5d4 ,x is my wi% to     
avoid all que/ions ( nationality1 & !   
comp5di\s me?od ( my "w w be a suffici5t
 apology 9 ?is respect1 m p>ticul>ly z  
f> z relates to ! names ( less celebrat$
 arti/s4 ,b ) ! head ( a s*ool1 su* z   

,foppa1 ,i _c consid] x a loss ( "t to  
inve/igate 8 real c\ntry1 9 p>ticul> z !
 elucidation ( _m confus$ & d\btful     
po9ts 9 ! hi/ory ( ! art is f\nd to     
dep5d ^u ?is4 ,9 ,vas>i's ,life (       
,sc>paccia we f9d x m5tion$1 t ab\t !   
middle ( ! c5tury ,v9c5zio1 a ,brescian 
pa9t]1 0 held 9 high repute1 z x is     
rec\nt$ by ,fil>ete4 ,& 9 ! life ( ?is  
excell5t ar*itect1 z well z 9 t (       
,mi*elozzo1 he says1 t 9 "s ( _!        
build+s1 erect$ "u ,duke ,francesco1    
,v9c5zo di ,zoppa 7read ,foppa71 a      
,lomb>d arti/1 pa9t$ ! int]ior1 z no    
bett] ma/] 0 to be met ) 9 ! surr\nd+   
/ates4 ,n[ t !re 0 a ,v9c5zo1 a         
,brescian arti/1 :o !n & subsequ5tly    
fl\ri%$1 & :o rank$ among ! be/ arti/s1 
is prov$ by ,ambrogio ,calep9o1 9 8     
anci5t edition ( #aeje1 at ! ^w p+o4    
,!re1 aft] hav+ applaud$ ,mantegna      
beyond all o!r arti/s ( 8 age1 he       
adds3--,huic acc$unt ,jo4 ,bell9us      
,v5etus1 ,leon>dus ,flor5t9us1 et       
,v9c5tius ,brixianus1 excell5tissimo    

+5io hom9es1 ut qui cum omni antiquitate
 de pictura poss9t cont5d]e4 ,aft] s    
high a te/imony to 8 m]its1 writt51 if  
,i mi/ake n1 :ile ,foppa 0 /ill liv+1   
?\gh edit$ aft] 8 decease1 7z we notic$ 
f ! eulogy writt5 by ,bos*9i on         
,ridolfi1 9 its prop] place72 let u next
 att5d to t f\nd on 8 monum5t 9 ! fir/  
cloi/] ( ,s4 ,b>naba at ,brescia1 :i*   
runs z foll[s3--,excell5tiss4 ac4       
eximii4 pictoris4 ,v9c5tii4 de4 ,foppis4
 ci4 ,br4 #adib4 7,zamb4 p4 #cb47 ,to ^!
 te/imonials ,i may add t f ! h& ( !    
au?or1 :i* ,i discov]$ 9 ! ,c>r>a       
,gall]y at ,b]gamo1 :]e1 on a small     
anci5t picture1 conduct$ ) mu* c>e1 & a 
s+ul> /udy ( =e%ort5+1 extremely r>e = !
 p]iod1 repres5t+ ,*ri/ crucifi$ betwe5 
! two ,?ieves1 is writt53--,v9c5tius    
,brixi5sis fecit1 #adee4--,:at pro( m   
manife/ c be requir$ = ! id5tity ( "o & 
! same pa9t]1 record$ by v>i\s au?ors ) 
s mu* contradiction ) reg>d to "n1      
c\ntry1 & age8  ,x mu/ !re=e be admitt$1
 aft] a comp>ison ( ! passages adduc$1 t

 !re is only a s+le ,brescian arti/ 9   
"q1 t he is n to be ref]r$ to s remote a
 p]iod z report$1 & t he c\ld n h pa9t$ 
9 ! ye> #adjg ( ! vulg> era1 inasmu* z  
he v ne>ly rea*es ! beg9n+ ( ! sixte5?  
c5tury4 ,we may = ! same reasons dismiss
 f hi/ory ^? speci\s acc\nts int]sp]s$  
by ,lomazzo1 ass]t+ t ,foppa drew !     
proportions ( 8 figures f ,lysippus2 t  
,bramante acquir$ ! art ( p]spective f 8
 writ+s1 out ( :i* he compos$ a treatise
 ( ess5tial utility to ,raffaello1 to   
,polidoro1 & to ,gaud5zio2 & t ,alb]t   
,dur] & ,daniel ,b>b>o avail$ !mselves1 
by plagi>ism1 ( ,foppa's inv5tions4 ,su*
 ass]tions1 already 9 a great measure   
refut$ by ! le>n$ ,consigli] ,pagave 9 8
 notes to ,vas>i1#dc fir/ took _! rise 9
 suppos+ t ! age ( ,foppa 0 ant]ior to  
,pi]o della ,francesca1 f :om p]spective
 9 ,italy may truly be said to h dat$   
its improvem5t4 ,next to him ,foppa 0 "o
 ( ! fir/ :o cultivat$ ! same art1 z    
cle>ly appe>s f ! little picture already
 m5tion$ at ,b]gamo4 ,9 ,milan !re are  

"s ( 8 works rema9+ at ! hospital1      
execut$ ^u canvass1 & a m>tyrdom ( ,s4  
,seba/iano1 at ,br]a1 9 fresco1 :i*1 =  
design ( ! nak$ figure1 = ! natural air 
( ! heads1 = its drap]ies & = its t9ts1 
is v comm5dable1 ?\gh greatly inf]ior 9 
po9t ( attitude & expression4 ,i h      
frequ5tly d\bt$ :e!r !re 7 two ,v9c5zi (
 ,brescia1 s9ce ,lomazzo1 besides       
,v9c5zo ,foppa1 :om1 aga9/ ! receiv$    
op9ion1 he makes a native ( ,milan1 m>ks
 d[n 9 8 index a ,v9c5zio ,bresciano1 ( 
:om ,i am n aw>e t he makes ! slighte/  
m5tion ?r\gh\t ! :ole ( 8 "w4 ,i am l$  
to suspect1 t meet+ ) "s works be>+ !   
signature ( ,v9c5zio ,bresciano1 )\t !  
surname ( ,foppa1 beyond ! limits (     
,milan1 ! hi/orian1 fix$ 9 8 p]suasion t
 ,foppa mu/ be a native ( ,milan1 set   
d[n two arti/s ( ! "n in/ead ( a s+le   
"o1 & t ?is1 moreov]1 0 p]haps an old   
prejudice1 prevail+ 9 ! ,milanese       
,s*ool1 & :i* ,lomazzo 0 unable to      
dismiss4 ,national errors & prejudices  
are always ! la/ to be r5\nc$4 ,9 !     

,notizia ,morelli1 a ,v9c5zo ,bressano !
 eld] is twice m5tion$1 an adjunct1 :i*1
 if n a surname1 z x 0 9 ! in/ance (    
,m9zoc*i1 may h aris5 f "s false report 
connect$ ) ! two ,v9c5zi ,bresciani4    
,inde$ we h repeat$ly obs]v$ t ! names (
 arti/s h be5 v frequ5tly drawn1 n f    
au!ntic writ+s1 b f common report1 :i*  
g5]ally pres5ts u ) a worse acc\nt ( :at
 has be5 ill he>d or und]/ood4          
,footnote #dc3 ,vas>i1 vol4 iii4 p4     
#bcc4  ,v9c5zo ,civ]*io1 d5om9at$ by    
,vas>i ,v]*io1 to :i* ,lomazzo1 :o      
ass]ts him to h be5 a ,milanese1 add$ ! 
surname ( ,il ,vec*io1 is an arti/ :om  
we h record$ 9 ! ,v5etian ,s*ool1 to :i*
 he is ref]r$ z a native ( ,crema1 ?\gh 
he resid$ at ,milan & educat$ sev]al    
excell5t pupils = t s*ool1 & ) !        
exception ( ,v9ci is ! be/ entitl$ ( any
 ma/] to its gratitude4 ,vas>i1 :5 he   
praises 8 works 9 fresco1 consid]s him 9
 no way inf]ior to ,foppa4 ,9 8 figures 
he 0 extremely /udi$1 & admirable 9 8   
me?od ( gr\p+ !m 9 ! di/ance1 s z to ?r[

 ! l[ gr\nds back1 & br+ d[n ! high]    
p>ts ) a g5tle gradation4 ,( ?is he     
af=ds a model at ,s4 ,eu/orgio 9 "s     
hi/ories ( ,s4 ,pet] ,m>tyr1 pa9t$ = a  
*apel ( t "n1 :i* are highly comm5d$ by 
,lomazzo1 ?\gh !y h s9ce be5 cov]$ )    
plai/]1 !re rema9+ only f ! h& (        
,civ]*io ! summits ( ! cupola1 :i* we   
tru/ w enjoy a long] date4#dd ,ambrogio 
,bevilacqua is an arti/ kn[n by a       
production at ,s4 ,/efano1 repres5t+ ,s4
 ,ambrogio ) sa9ts ,g]vasio & ,protasio 
/&+ at 8 side4 ,o!r pa9t+s procur$ = him
 ! reputation ( a f9e draw] (           
p]spective1 ?\gh 9 ! specim5 "h m5tion$ 
he has und\bt$ly n adh]$ to its rules4  
,! design1 h[ev]1 is su* z approa*es1 ) 
"s slight traces ( dryness1 to a good   
/yle4 ,memorials ( ?is arti/ are f\nd z 
e>ly z #adhf2 b ( 8 bro!r ,filippo1 8   
assi/ant1 & ( ,c>lo1 a native ( ,milan1 
m5tion$ by ,lomazzo 9 ! same "w1 ,i am  
able to f9d no acc\nt4 ,!re are two1    
h[ev]1 :o are ref]r$ by our already     
highly comm5d$ correspond5t to ?is m    

remote epo*4 ,^! are ,gio4 de' ,ponzoni1
 :o left a picture ( ,s4 ,cri/(oro 9 a  
*ur* ne> ! city1 call$ ,sam>itana1 & a  
,francesco ,crivelli1 :o is report$ to h
 be5 ! fir/ :o pa9t$ portraits 9 ! city 
( ,milan4    ,footnote #dd3 ,! epo*s    
relat+ to ?is arti/ appe> difficult1    
& almo/ irreconcileable4 ,f ,lomazzo's  
acc\nt he 0 a      pa9t] z e>ly z #adfj1
 & accord+ to ,ronna1 9 8               
,zibaldone ,cremasco1 = ! ye> #agie1 p4 
#hd1 !re are      exi/+ docum5ts :i*    
prove t he 0 /ill liv+ 9      #aece4 ,if
 we give cr$it to ^!1 ,civ]*io mu/ h    
fl\ri%$ to an extreme age1 s z to be    
rank$ 9 ?is      po9t ) ,titian1 )      
,calvi1 & ! o!r ho>y-head$              
octog5>ians ( ! art4  ,( ^? :o "h foll[1
 a "p =m$ ! body ( pa9t]s "u ! gov]nm5t 
( ,lodovico ! ,moor1 dur+ ^: "t ,v9ci   
resid$ at ,milan1 & o!rs 7 gradually    
mak+ progress dur+ ! foll[+ ye>s1 ?\gh n
 any :olly succe$$ 9 free+ !mselves f ! 
old /yle4 ,! fir/ on ! li/ are ! two    
,b]n>di1 z frequ5tly also call$         

,b]n>d9i1 natives ( ,trevilio 9 !       
,milanese1 ! "o ( ! family ,but9oni1 !  
o!r ( t ( ,z5ale1 bo? pupils ( ,civ]*io1
 & 8 rivals bo? 9 pa9t+ & 9 writ+4      
,trevilio is a t]ritory 9 ! ,milanese1  
at t p]iod includ$ 9 t ( ,b]gamo1 & =   
?is reason compreh5d$ by ,c\nt ,tassi 9 
its s*ool4 ,x is also a consid]able     
di/ance f ,trevigi1 :]e he took         
advantage ( ! resemblance ( ! "n to     
ann\nce "o ,b]n>d9o da ,trevigi1 a pa9t]
 & ar*itect1 :o nev] exi/$4 ,vas>i      
m5tions a ,b]n>d9o da ,trevio 7he meant 
to say ,trevilio7 :o1 9 ! "t (          
,bramante1 0 an eng9e] at ,milan1 a v   
able design]1 & e/eem$ an excell5t ma/] 
by ,v9ci1 ?\gh 8 mann] 0 some:at h>% &  
dry 9 8 pictures2 & he !n cites among 8 
o!r works a picture ( ! ,resurrection at
 ! cloi/] ( ! ,grazie1 :i* pres5ts "s   
beautiful =e%ort5+s4 ,x is surpris+ h[  
,bott>i %\ld h *ang$ ,trevio into       
,trevigi1 & h[ ,orl&i %\ld h und]/ood   
,vas>i z writ+ ( ,but9one1 :51 guid$ by 
,lomazzo1 at page #bga1 & 9 o!r p>ts ( !

 treatise1 x 0 easy to conjecture t he 0
 !re speak+ ( ,z5ale ( ,trevilio4 ,he 0 
a di/+ui%$ "*1 9 ! confid5ce ( ,v9ci1#de
 & 9 ! ,treatise ^u ,pa9t+ comp>$ )     
,mantegna1 besides be+ cont9ually ref]r$
 to z an example 9 ! art ( p]spective1  
on :i*1 :5 old1 9 #aebd1 he compos$ a   
"w1 & put d[n a v>iety ( obs]vations4   
,!re1 too1 among o!rs1 he treat$ ! "q s 
long conte/$ 9 ^? days1 :e!r ! objects  
repres5t$ small & 9 ! di/ance ought to  
be less di/9ct 9 ord] to imitate nature1
 ?an ^? t are l>g] & m ne>1 a "q :i* he 
expla9$ 9 ! negative1 cont5d+ r t di/ant
 objects %\ld be z highly f9i%$ & well  
proportion$ z ^? m fully be=e ! eye4    
,?is1 !n1 is ! ,b]n>d9o1 s mu* comm5d$  
by ,vas>i1 ^: op9ion ( ?is arti/ may be 
v]ifi$ by view+ ! ,resurrection at ,le  
,grazie1 & a ,nunziata at ,san          
,sempliciano1 pres5t+ a v f9e piece (   
ar*itecture1 calculat$ to deceive ! eye4
 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is ! be/ portion ( !      
pa9t+1 z ! figures are insignificant1   
bo? 9 !mselves & 9 _! drap]y4 ,9 respect

 to ,but5one1 8 contempor>y1 & companion
 also :5 he pa9t$ at ,san ,pietro 9     
,gessato1 we may conclude t he display$ 
an excell5t k ( p]spective1 s9ce x is   
affirm$ by ,lomazzo4 ,= ! re/1 8 works1 
) ! exception ( a few pictures = rooms1 
bett] design$ ?an col\r$1 h all p]i%$4  
,!re is a ,madonna repres5t$ betwe5 "s  
sa9ts1 :i* ,i saw 9 possession ( !      
,consigli] ,pagave1 at ^: sugge/ion ,i  
add to ! pupils ( ,civ]*io1 a           
,b>tolommeo di ,cass9o ( ,milan1 &      
,luigi de' ,donati ( ,como1 ( :om       
au!ntic alt>-pieces rema94    ,footnote 
#de3 ,lomazzo1 9 8 ,treatise1 7book i4  
*ap1 ix471      relates t ,v9ci 9 8     
,supp] _h endu$ ! c\nt5ance      ( bo? !
 sa9ts ,giacomo ) s mu* beauty1 t       
despair+ to make t ( ! ,savi\r m impos+1
 he      w5t to advise ) ,b]n>do ,z5ale1
 :o to console him      said1 ,leave !  
face ( ,*ri/ unf9i%$ z x is1 z y      w 
nev] be able to make x wor?y ( ,*ri/    
among ^?      ,apo/les1 & ?is ,leon>do  
did4  ,at ! p]iod :5 ^! arti/s 7 9      

repute1 ,bramante came to ,milan4 ,8    
real "n1 z report$ to u by ,ces>iani 8  
disciple & ! comm5tator on ,vitruvius1 0
 ,donato1 & he 01 z is suppos$1 ( !     
family ( ,lazz>i1 ?\gh ?is has be5      
/rongly conte/$ 9 ! ,anti*ita ,pic5e1   
vol4 x4 ,!re x is %ewn1 at "s l5g?1 t 8 
real c\ntry 0 n ,ca/el ,durante1 n[     
,urbania1 z s _m writ]s ass]t1 b a t[n (
 ,ca/el ,f]mignano4 ,bo? places are 9 ! 
/ate ( ,urb9o1 :5ce he us$ =m]ly to be  
call$ ,bramante di ,urb9o4 ,!re he /udi$
 ! works ( ,fra ,c>nevale1 ?\gh ,vas>i  
gives no fur!r in=mation respect+ 8     
education4 ,he cont9ues to relate t on  
leav+ 8 native place he w&]$ ?r\gh      
sev]al cities 9 ,lomb>dy1 execut+1 to ! 
be/ ( 8 ability1 small works1 until 8   
arrival at ,milan1 :]e1 becom+ acqua9t$ 
) ! conductors ( ! ca!dral1 & among ^! )
 ,b]n>do1 he resolv$ to devote himself  
:olly to ar*itecture1 :i* he did4 ,be=e 
! ye> #aejj he w5t to ,rome1 :]e he     
ent]$ ! s]vice ( ,alex&] ,,vi4 & ,julius
 ,,ii41 & di$ !re 9 8 sev5tie? ye>1 9   

#aead4 ,we may "h conjecture t !        
hi/orian gave himself v little anxiety  
ab\t inve/igat+ ! memoirs ( ?is great   
man4 ,sig4 ,pagave has prov$ to be a f> 
m accurate inquir] into ! tru?4 ,animat$
 by 8 love ( ?is quality1 ! s\l ( all   
hi/ory1 he at once r5\nc$ ! hon\r 8     
c\ntry w\ld h d]iv$ f hav+ in/ruct$ a   
,bramante2 nor yet has he ref]r$ to him 
z a pupil to ,c>nevale1 or to ,pi]o     
della ,francesca1 or to ,mantegna1 l "s 
writ]s cit$ by ,signor ,colucci4 ,he has
 prop]ly notic$ 8 arrival at ,milan1    
already z a ma/]1 9 #adgf1 aft] hav+    
erect$ bo? palaces & temples 9 ! /ate ( 
,romagna4 ,f ?is p]iod1 until ! fall (  
,lodovico1 t is until #adii1 he rema9$  
at ,milan1 :]e he execut$ commissions1 )
 l>ge sal>ies = ! c\rt1 & 0 employ$ z   
well by private p]sons 9 works (        
ar*itecture1 & sometimes ( pa9t+4       
,cell9i 9 8 second treatise d5ies       
,bramante ! fame ( an excell5t pa9t]1   
plac+ him 9 ! middl+ class1 & at ?is    
p]iod he is kn[n by few 9 l[] ,italy1   

:]e he is nev] nam$ 9 collections1 ?\gh 
he is v g5]ally met ) 9 ! ,milanese4    
,ces>iano & ,lomazzo _h already ass]t$ !
 same ?+1 ! latt] hav+ frequ5tly prais$ 
him 9 8 "w :5 giv+ an acc\nt ( 8        
pictures bo? sacr$ & pr(ane1 9 di/emp] &
 9 fresco1 z well z ( 8 portraits4 ,8   
g5]al mann]1 he obs]ves1 mu* resembles t
 ( ,&rea ,mantegna4 ,l him he _h employ$
 himself 9 copy+ f ca/s1 :i* l$ him to  
?r[ 8 lights ) too mu* =ce on 8 fle%es4 
,9 ! same mann] also z ,mantegna he     
cov]$ 8 models ) glu$ canvass1 or )     
pa/ebo>d1 9 ord] t 9 ! curves & folds he
 might correct ! anci5ts4 ,& l him he   
employ$ = pa9t+ 9 di/emp]1 a k9d (      
visc\s wat]1 an in/ance ( :i* is adduc$ 
by ,lomazzo1 :o repair$ "o ( ! specim5s4
 ,mo/ ( ,bramante's pictures 9 fresco1  
m5tion$ by ,lomazzo & by ,sc>amuccia z  
adorn+ ! public places 9 ,milan1 are n[ 
de/roy$ or defac$1 if we except ^? t are
 pres]v$ 9 ! *amb]s ( ! ,palazzi ,borri 
& ,ca/iglioni1 :i* are pretty num]\s4   
,!re is also a *apel 9 ! ,c]tosa at     

,pavia1 said to h be5 pa9t$ by him4 ,8  
proportions are squ>e1 & sometimes h an 
air ( co>s5ess1 8 c\nt5ances are full1 !
 heads ( 8 old m5 gr&1 8 col\r+ is v    
lively & well reliev$ f ! gr\nd1 ?\gh n 
free f "s degree ( crudity4 ,?is "* ,i h
 rem>k$ 9 "o ( 8 alt>-pieces1 ) v>i\s   
sa9ts1 & ) f9e p]spective1 9 possession 
( ! ,cav4 ,melzi1 & ! same 9 a picture  
at ! ,incoronata 9 ,lodi1 a v beautiful 
temple erect$ by ,gio4 ,bataggio1 a     
native ( ! place1 f ! design (          
,bramante4 ,8 ma/]piece1 :i* is to be   
se5 at ,milan1 is a ,s4 ,seba/iano1 9 t 
sa9t's *ur*1 :]e sc>cely a trace ( !    
/yle ( ! f\rte5? c5tury is p]ceptible4  
,! ,notizia ,morelli po9ts out 8 picture
 ( a ,pieta1 at ,s4 ,pancrazio1 9       
,b]gamo1 :i* ,pa/a _h mi/ak5 = "o (     
,lotto1 & m5tions also 8 picture ( !    
,philosoph]s1 pa9t$ by ,bramante 9      
#adhf1 belong+ to ! same city4  ,he     
educat$ two pupils 9 ,milan1 ^: names h 
surviv$4 ,"o ( ^! is ,nolfo da ,monza1  
:o is said to h pa9t$ f ! designs       

furni%$ by ,bramante1 at ,s4 ,satiro &  
o!r places2 an arti/ :o1 if n equal to !
 fir/ pa9t]s1 0 nev]!less1 x is rem>k$  
by ,scanelli1 ( a sup]ior "*4 ,9 !      
sacri/y also ( ,s4 ,satiro1 plac$ ne> ! 
beautiful little temple ( ,bramante1 are
 a numb] ( old pictures1 mo/ probably f 
! h& ( ,nolfo4 ,! o!r arti/ is          
,bramant9o1 suppos$ by ,orl&i to h be5 !
 preceptor ( ,bramante1 by o!rs conf\nd$
 ) him1 & f9ally discov]$ to h be5 8    
fav\rite disciple1 f :i* circum/ance he 
obta9$ 8 surname4 ,8 real "n 0          
,b>tolommeo ,su>di1 an ar*itect1 &1 :at 
is m to my purpose1 a pa9t] ( s+ul>     
m]it4 ,9 deceiv+ ! eye ( animals1 he    
equall$ ! anci5ts1 z we are acqua9t$ by 
,lomazzo 9 ! op5+ ( 8 ?ird book4 ,dur+ a
 p]iod he foll[$ 8 ma/]2 b on occasion (
 visit+ ,rome he improv$ 8 /yle1 ?\gh n 
s mu* 9 reg>d to 8 figures &            
proportions1 z 9 8 col\r+ & 8 folds1 :i*
 he made m wide & spaci\s4 ,he 0        
d\btless invit$ or conduct$ to ,rome by 
,bramante1 & !re1 "u ,pope ,julius      

,,ii41 pa9t$ ^? portraits s highly      
prais$ by ,vas>i1 & :i*1 :5 ab\t to be  
remov$1 to give place to ,raffaello's1 7
 fir/ copi$ at ! reque/ ( ,jovius1 :o   
wi%$ to ins]t !m 9 8 museum4 ,x is c]ta9
 t ! ,vatican pa9t+s by ,bramant9o d n  
belong to ! "t ( ,ni*olas ,v4 z we h    
%ewn4 ,he return$ f ,rome to ,milan1 z  
we are in=m$ by ,lomazzo2 & to ?is m    
fav\rable p]iod we may ref] 8 production
 ( ,s4 ,ambrogio1 & t ( ,s4 ,mi*ele1 ) a
 figure ( ! ,virg91 col\r$ 9 ! ,v5etian 
/yle1 & record$ 9 ! select ,melzi       
gall]y1 & to be m5tion$ h]eaft]4 ,!re   
are also "s alt>-pieces bo? design$ &   
col\r$ by him1 9 ! *ur* ( ,s4           
,francesco1 :i* display m elevation &   
dignity ?an belong$ to 8 age4 ,b 8 *ief 
excell5ce 0 9 p]spective1 & 8 rules h   
be5 ins]t$ by ,lomazzo 9 8 "w1 out (    
respect to ?is di/+ui%$ arti/4 ,he      
likewise holds him up z a model1 9 8    
picture ( ! ,dead ,*ri/ betwe5 ! ,m>ies1
 pa9t$ = ! gate ( ,s4 ,sepolcro1 a "w   
:i* produces a f9e illusion2 ! legs ( ! 

,r$eem]1 9 :atev] po9t !y are view$1    
appe>+ ) equal advantage to ! eye4 ,o!r 
arti/s ,i am aw>e h produc$ ! same      
effect3 b x is a j1 ?\gh a trite say+1 t
 an inv5tor is wor? m ?an all 8         
imitators4 ,! ,ci/]cian fa!rs h a gr&   
p]spective 9 _! mona/]y1 repres5t+ !    
,desc5t ( ,*ri/ into ,purgatory1 f 8 h&4
 ,x consi/s ( few figures1 little *oice 
9 ! c\nt5ances1 b _! col\r+ is bo?      
p[]ful & natural2 !y are well plac$1 &  
well pres]v$ 9 _! di/ance1 dispos$ 9    
beautiful gr\ps1 ) a pleas+ retrocession
 ( ! pila/]s1 :i* s]ve to m>k ! place1  
unit$ to a h>mony t attracts ! eye4 ,he 
_h a pupil nam$ ,ago/9 da ,milano1 well 
skill$ 9 =e%ort5+1 & :o pa9t$ at !      
,c>m9e a piece t ,lomazzo proposes1     
along ) ! cupola ( ,coreggio at !       
ca!dral ( ,p>ma1 z a model ( excell5ce 9
 its k9d4 ,8 "n is made v cle> 9 ! index
 ( ,lomazzo1 z foll[s3--,ago/9o di      
,bramant9o ( ,milan1 a pa9t] & disciple 
( ! same ,bramant9o4 ,i _c imag9e h[ su*
 a circum/ance escap$ ! notice ( ,sig4  

,pagave1 & h[ he 0 l$ to pres5t u ) t m 
anci5t ,ago/9o ,bramant9o1 7s call$ f 8 
family "n1 n f t ( 8 ma/]7 ^: exi/5ce we
 h %ewn to h be5 ideal1 :olly aris+ out 
( a mi/ake ( ,vas>i4 ,! "o "h m5tion$ 0 
real1 ?\gh 8 "n is s little kn[n at     
,milan1 z to lead u to suppose he mu/ h 
pass$ mu* ( 8 "t 9 =eign p>ts4 ,& we are
 ev5 au?oriz$ to conjecture t he may be 
! same ,ago/9o delle ,prospettive :om we
 meet ) 9 ,bologna1 9 #aebe4 ,all !     
circum/ances are s /rong1 t 9 a matt] ( 
ju/ice1 !y w\ld h prov$ suffici5t to    
e/abli% 8 id5tity2 8 "n ( ,ago/9o1 8    
age1 suitable to ! preceptor%ip (       
,su>di1 8 excell5ce 9 ! art1 :i* procur$
 = him 8 surname1 & ! sil5ce (          
,malvasia1 :o c\ld n be ignorant ( him1 
b :o1 because he 0 draw+ up a hi/ory ( !
 ,bolognese ,s*ool only1 omitt$ to      
m5tion him4  ,!re 7 o!r arti/s ab\t     
#aejj1 :o1 z x is said1 foll[+ ,foppa1  
pa9t$ 9 ! /yle :i* we n[ call antico    
mod]no4 ,ambrogio ,borgognone repres5t$ 
at ,s4 ,simpliciano ! hi/ories ( ,s4    

,sis9io & "s accompany+ m>tyrs1 :i*     
adorn "o ( ! cloi/]s4 ,! ?9ness ( !     
legs1 & "s o!r rema9s ( 8 e>ly          
education1 are n s displeas+ 9 ?is "w1 z
 we f9d its accurate /udy1 & ! natural  
mann] 9 :i* x is conduct$1 calculat$ to 
please4 ,! beauty ( 8 y\?ful heads1     
v>iety ( c\nt5ance1 simplicity ( drap]y1
 & ! cu/oms ( ^? times1 fai?fully       
portray$ 9 ! ecclesia/ical p>aph]nalia1 
& mode ( liv+1 toge!r ) a c]ta9 uncommon
 grace ( expression1 n met ) 9 ?is or   
any o!r s*ool1 are suffici5t to attract 
att5tion4  ,gio4 ,donato ,montorfano    
pa9t$ a ,crucifixion1 ab\nd+ ) figures =
 ! refectory ( ,le ,grazie1 :]e x is    
un=tunately ?r[n into ! %ade by ! ,gr&  
,supp] ( ,v9ci4 ,he _c compete ) a rival
 to :om _m ( ! greate/ ma/]s are        
compell$ to yield ! palm4 ,he excels    
only 9 8 col\r+1 :i* has pres]v$ 8 "w   
fre% & entire1 :ile t ( ,v9ci %ew$ signs
 ( decay 9 a few ye>s4 ,:at is orig9al 9
 ,montorfano is a peculi> cle>ness 9 8  
features1 z well z 9 8 attitudes1 & :i*1

 if unit$ to a little m elegance1 w\ld h
 left him b few equals 9 8 l9e4 ,he     
repres5ts a gr\p ( soldi]s se5 play+1 & 
9 e c\nt5ance is depict$ att5tion1 & !  
desire ( conque/4 ,he has also "s heads 
( a delicate air1 extremely beautiful1  
?\gh ! di/ance 9 reg>d to _! position is
 n well pres]v$4 ,! ar*itecture         
introduc$1 ( ! gates & edifices (       
,j]usalem1 is bo? correct & magnific5t1 
pres5t+ ^? gradual retrocessions 9      
p]spective ^u :i* ?is s*ool at ! "t s   
mu* prid$ itself4 ,he reta9$ ! habit :i*
 cont9u$ till ! "t ( ,gaud5zio at       
,milan1 ?\gh long be=e re=m$ 9 o!r      
places1 ( mix+ ) 8 pictures "s pla/ic "w
 9 composition1 & ?us giv+ 9 relief     
glories ( sa9ts1 & ornam5ts ( m5 &      
horses4  ,ambrogio da ,fossano1 a place 
9 ! ,pi$montese1#df 0 an arti/1 :o1 at !
 gr& ,c]tosa 9 ,pavia1 design$ ! sup]b  
facade ( ! *ur*1 be+ an ar*itect z well 
z a pa9t]4 ,9 ! temple be=e m5tion$ !re 
is an alt>-piece1 :i* is ascrib$ ei!r to
 him or 8 bro!r1 n v highly f9i%$1 b 9 a

 ta/e n v dissimil> f t ( ,mantegna4    
,&rea ,milanese1 :o has be5 conf\nd$ by 
"o ( ,vas>i's annotators ) ,&rea ,salai1
 extort$ ! admiration ( ,zanetti1 by an 
alt>-piece he produc$ at ,murano1       
execut$ 9 #adie1 & x w\ld appe> t he    
/udi$ 9 ,v5ice4 ,i _c agree ) ,bott>i t 
he is ! same z ,&rea del ,gobbo1 m5tion$
 by ,vas>i 9 8 life ( ,coreggio1 s9ce   
?is la/ 0 a disciple ( ,gaud5zio4#dg    
,ab\t ! same "t fl\ri%$ ,/efano ,scotto1
 ! ma/] ( ,gaud5zio ,f]r>i1 mu* comm5d$ 
by ,lomazzo = 8 art 9 arabesques1 & ( 8 
family is p]haps a ,felice ,scotto1 :o  
pa9t$ a good deal at ,como = private    
individuals1 & left a numb] ( pictures 9
 fresco at ,s4 ,croce1 relat+ to ! life 
( ,s4 ,b]n>d9o4 ,8 g5ius is v>i$ &      
expressive1 he displays judgm5t 9       
composition1 & is "o ( ! be/ arti/s ( ! 
f\rte5? c5tury kn[n 9 ^! p>ts4 ,he 0    
probably a pupil ( "s o!r s*ool1 8      
design be+ m elegant1 & 8 col\r+ m cle> 
& op5 ?an ^? ( ! ,milanese4 ,we might   
easily amplify ! pres5t li/ ) o!r names1

 furni%$ by ,morigia 9 8 "w on !        
,milanese nobility1 :]e we f9d m5tion$ )
 praise ,nicolao ,picc99o1 ,girolamo    
,*iocca1 ,c>lo ,valli1 or di ,valle1    
bro!r to ,giovanni1 all ( !m ,milanese1 
besides ,v9c5zo ,moietta1 a native (    
,c>avaggio1 :o fl\ri%$ 9 ,milan ab\t    
#aejj1 or some?+ e>li]1 along ) ! =ego+4
 ,ab\t ! same p]iod ! /udy ( m9iature 0 
greatly promot$ by ! two ,f]ranti1      
,ago/o ! son1 & ,decio ! fa!r1 ?ree     
works by :om are to be se5 9 ! ca!dral  
at ,vigevano1 consi/+ ( a ,missal1 a    
book ( ! ,evangeli/s1 & "o ( ! epi/les  
illum9at$ ) m9iatures 9 ! mo/ exact     
ta/e4    ,footnote #df3 ,a numb] (      
places :i* are n[ includ$ 9 !           
,pi$montese1 =m]ly belong$ to ! /ate (  
,milan1 z we      h already obs]v$4 ,!  
city ( ,v]celli 0 unit$ to      ! h\se (
 ,savoy 9 #adbg1 & 0 subsequ5tly subject
 to      a v>iety ( *anges4 ,_m ( its m 
anci5t pa9t]s are      ref]r$ to !      
,milanese z _! s*ol>s2 b !y may be      
enum]at$ among ! ,pi$montese z citiz5s4 

,?is rem>k      w apply to _m diff]5t   
passages1 bo? 9 ?is & 9      ! fif?     
volume4    ,footnote #dg3 ,lomazzo1     
,trattato1 c4 #cg4  ,o!r pr(essors !n   
fl\ri%$ ?r\gh\t ! /ate1 ( :om ei!r "s   
acc\nt rema9s 9 books1 or "s works ) !  
signature ( _! names4 ,at t p]iod !     
,milanese 0 mu* m ext5sive ?an x has be5
 s9ce ! cession ( s l>ge a portion to ! 
h\se ( ,savoy4 ,! arti/s belong+ to !   
c$$ portion w be consid]$ by me 9 ?is   
s*ool1 to :i* !y app]ta91 be+ educat$ 9 
x1 & in/ruct+ o!r pupils 9 x1 9 _! turn4
 ,h5ce besides ^? ( ,pavia1 ( ,como1 &  
o!rs ( ! mod]n /ate1 we %all 9 ?is *apt]
 give "s acc\nt ( ! ,nov>ese &          
,v]cellese arti/s 7( :om ,i %all also   
give ! in=mation f\nd 9 ! prefaces to ! 
t5? & elev5? volumes ( ,vas>i1 edit$ at 
,si5a by ,p4 della ,valle71 ) o!rs :o   
fl\ri%$ 9 ! old /ate4 ,pavia boa/$ a    
,b>tolommeo ,bononi1 by :om !re is an   
alt>-piece be>+ ! date ( #aejg1 at ,san 
,francesco1 & also "o ,b]n>d9 ,colombano
 :o produc$ ano!r specim5 at ! ,c>m9e 9 

#aeae4 ,9 o!r *ur*es ,i likewise met )  
"s specim5s by an unkn[n h&1 7b p]haps  
by ,gio4 di ,pavia1 ins]t$ by ,malvasia 
9 8 catalogue ( ! pupils ( ,lor5zo      
,co/a17 p>tak+ a good deal ( !          
,bolognese /yle ( t age4 ,at ! same     
p]iod fl\ri%$ ,&rea ,pass]i ( ,como1 =  
^: ca!dral he pa9t$ ! ,virg9 among      
diff]5t apo/les1 9 :i* ! heads & ! :ole 
composition h "s resemblance to ! mod]n4
 ,b !re is a dryness 9 ! h&s1 ) use (   
gild+ unwor?y ( ! age1 7#aeje7 9 :i* 8  
picture 0 pa9t$4 ,a ,m>co ,m>coni (     
,como1 :o fl\ri%$ ab\t #aejj1 display$  
mu* ( ! ,giorgione mann]1 & 0 probably a
 pupil ( ! ,v5etians4 ,troso da ,monza 0
 employ$ a good deal at ,milan1 & pa9t$ 
"s pieces at ,s4 ,giovanni 9 8 native   
place4 ,sev]al hi/ories ( ! ,que5       
,teodel9a1 adorn+ ! same *ur*1 execut$ 9
 v>i\s comp>tm5ts 9 #addd1 are n[ also  
ascrib$ to him4 ,x is n v easy to foll[ 
8 inv5tions1 some:at confus$ & new 9    
reg>d to ! drap]y & ! ,longob>di% cu/oms
 :i* he has !re exhibit$4 ,!re are "s   

good heads1 & col\r+ by no means        
despicable2 = ! re/1 x is a m$iocre     
production1 & p]haps execut$ e>ly 9     
life4 ,he is an arti/ mu* prais$ by     
,lomazzo = 8 o!r works :i* he left at ! 
,palazzo ,l&i4 ,!y consi/ ( ,roman      
hi/ories1 a production1 says ,lomazzo1  
7p4 #bgb7 q surpris+ = ! figures z well 
z ! ar*itecture & ! p]spective1 :i* is  
/up5d\s4 ,fa!r ,re/a1 cit$ by ,morelli1 
:o saw x 9 #agjg1 says t x almo/ a/\nd$ 
him by its surpass+ excell5ce1 beauty1 &
 sweetness4 7,lett4 ,pittor4 tom4 iii4  
p4 #cdb47  ,9 ! new /ate ( ,pi$mont is  
situat$ ,nov>a1 :]e1 9 ! ar*ives ( !    
ca!dral1 ,gio4 ,antonio ,m]li pa9t$ 9   
gre5 e>? ,pietro ,lomb>do1 ) ?ree o!r   
di/+ui%$ natives ( ,nov>a2 an excell5t  
portrait-pa9t] = 8 age4 ,9 ,v]celli1    
adjo9+ x1 !re fl\ri%$ ab\t #adfj        
,boni=te1 ,ercole ,oldoni1 & ,f4 ,pietro
 di ,v]celli1 ( :i* la/ !re is an anci5t
 alt>-piece pres]v$ at ,s4 ,m>co4       
,giov5one aft]w>ds appe>$1 :o is e/eem$ 
9 t city z ! fir/ in/ructor ( ,gaud5zio1

 al?\gh ,lomazzo is sil5t ^u x4 ,if he 0
 n1 he 0 wor?y ( ! *>ge4 ,! ,augu/9     
fa!rs possess a ,*ri/ ris5 f ! ,dead1   
betwe5 sa9ts ,m>g>et & ,cecilia1 ) two  
angels1 a picture ( a noble "*1 9 ! ta/e
 ( ,bramant9o & ! be/ ,milanese arti/s1 
& conduct$ ) great k ( ! nak$ figure & (
 p]spective4     ,,s*ool ,,( ,,milan4   
,,epo* ,,ii4       ,leon>do da ,v9ci    
e/abli%es an ,academy ( ,design at      
,milan4 ,8 ,pupils & ! be/ native       
,arti/s d[n to !      "t ( ,gaud5zio4   
,9 treat+ ( ! ,flor5t9e ,s*ool we took  
occasion to ent] into a brief exam9ation
 ( ! pictoric education ( ,v9ci1 ( 8    
peculi> /yle1 & ( 8 resid5ce 9 diff]5t  
cities1 among :i* 0 m5tion$ ,milan1 & ! 
academy :i* he !re in/itut$4 ,he arriv$ 
9 t city1 accord+ to ! te/imony (       
,vas>i1 9 ! ye> #aeid1 ! fir/ ( ! reign 
( ,pr9ce ,lodovico ,il ,moro2 or r he   
resid$ !re1 if n altoge!r1 at lea/ = !  
execution ( commissions1 f #adhb1 z x   
has be5 rec5tly suppos$1#dh & left x    
aft] its capture by ! ,fr5* 9 #adii4 ,! 

ye>s sp5t by ,lion>do at ,milan 71      
p]haps1 ! happie/ ( 8 life1 & c]ta9ly   
productive ( ! mo/ utility to ! art (   
any 9 ! :ole p]iod ( 8 c>e]4 ,! duke _h 
deput$ him to sup]9t5d an academy (     
design1 :i*1 if ,i mi/ake n1 0 ! fir/ 9 
,italy1 :i* gave ! law to ! lead+ ones 9
 o!r p>ts4 ,x cont9u$ to fl\ri% aft] !  
dep>ture ( ,v9ci1 0 mu* frequ5t$1 & =m$ 
excell5t pupils1 ma9ta9+ 9 ! place ( its
 fir/ director1 8 precepts1 8 writ+s1 & 
8 models4 ,no v di/9ct acc\nts inde$ ( 8
 me?od h surviv$2 b we are c]ta9 t he   
=m$ x on sci5tific pr9ciples1 d$uc$ f   
philosophical reason+1 ) :i* ,v9ci 0    
famili> 9 e bran*4 ,8 treatise ^u pa9t+ 
is e/eem$1 h[ev] imp]fect1 z a k9d (    
second canon ( ,polycletes1 & expla9s ! 
mann] 9 :i* ,lion>do taught4#di ,we may 
also ga!r "s k ( x f 8 o!r num]\s &     
v>i\s writ+s1 :i*1 hav+ be5 left to !   
c>e ( ,melzi1 & 9 ! c\rse ( "t          
di/ribut$1 n[ =m ! ornam5t ( diff]5t    
cab9ets4 ,f\rte5 volumes ( ^! pres5t$ to
 ! public1 are 9 ! ,ambrosian           

collection1 & _m ( !m are calculat$ to  
smoo? ! difficulties ( ! art to "y      
beg9n]s4 ,x is fur!r kn[n t ! au?or1    
hav+ ent]$ into a famili> fri5d%ip )    
,m>cantonio della ,torre1 lectur] (     
,pavia1 unit$ ) him 9 illu/rat+ ! sci5ce
 ( anatomy1 !n little kn[n 9 ,italy1 & t
 he repres5t$ ) ! utmo/ exactness1 9    
addition to ! human figure1 t ( ! horse1
 9 a k ( :i* he 0 e/eem$ q unrivall$4 ,!
 b5efit he conf]r$ ^u ! art by ! /udy ( 
optics is also well kn[n1 & no "o 0     
bett] acqua9t$ ) ! nature ( a]ial       
p]spective1#ej :i* became a di/9ctive & 
h]$it>y *>act]i/ic ( 8 s*ool4 ,he 0     
extremely well v]s$ 9 ! sci5ce ( music1 
& 9 play+ ^u ! lyre1 & equally s 9      
poetry & hi/ory4 ,"h 8 example 0 foll[$ 
by ,lu9i & o!rs2 & to him likewise x 0  
ow+ t ! ,milanese ,s*ool became "o ( !  
mo/ accurate & obs]v+ 9 reg>d to        
antiquity & to co/ume4 ,m5gs has notic$ 
be=e me t no arti/ c\ld surpass ,v9ci 9 
! gr& effect ( 8 *i>oscuro4 ,he in/ruct$
 8 pupils to make z cauti\s an use (    

light z ( a gem1 n lavi%+ x too freely1 
b res]v+ x always = ! be/ place4 ,& h5ce
 we f9d 9 81 & 9 ! be/ ( 8 disciples'   
pa9t+s1 t f9e relief1 ow+ to :i* !      
pictures1 & 9 p>ticul> ! c\nt5ances1    
seem z if />t+ f ! canvass4    ,footnote
 #dh3 ,amoretti1 ,memorie ,/ori*e di    
,leon>do da ,v9ci1      p4 #bj4         
,footnote #di3 ,?is "w 0 repr9t$ at     
,flor5ce1 toge!r      ) ! figures1      
#agib1 an edition tak5 f a copy 9 !     
h& ( ,/efano della ,bella1 belong+ to ! 
,ricc>di      libr>y4 ,x 0 publi%$ by ! 
le>n$ libr>ian1 ! ,ab4      ,fontani1 ) 
! eulogy ( ,v9ci1 ab\nd+ )              
in=mation on 8 life & pa9t+s1 z well z  
on 8      designs atta*$ to x4 ,to ?is  
is add$ ! eulogy (      ,/efano1 & a    
,diss]tation ( ,lami ^u ! ,italian      
pa9t]s & sculptors :o fl\ri%$ betwe5 !  
t5? &      ! ?irte5? c5turies4          
,footnote #ej3 ,cell9i decl>es t he     
borr[$ a great numb]      ( excell5t    
obs]vations ^u p]spective f "o (        
,v9ci's disc\rses4 7,tratt4 ii4 p4      

#aec47  ,= a long p]iod pa/1 ! art _h   
become gradually m ref9$1 & consid]$ its
 subjects m m9utely2 9 :i* ,botticelli1 
,mantegna1 & o!rs _h acquir$ great      
reputation4 ,z m9ut5ess1 h[ev]1 is      
oppos$ to sublimity1 x ill accord$ ) t  
elevation 9 :i* ! supreme m]it ( ! art  
w\ld seem to consi/4 ,9 my op9ion       
,lion>do succe$$ 9 unit+ ^! two opposite
 qualities1 be=e any o!r arti/4 ,9      
subjects :i* he und]took fully to       
complete1 he 0 n satisfi$ ) only p]fect+
 ! heads1 c\nt]feit+ ! %9+ ( ! eyes1 !  
pores ( ! sk91 ! roots ( ! hair1 & ev5 !
 beat+ ( ! art]ies2 he likewise portray$
 ea* sep>ate g>m5t & e access>y )       
m9ut5ess4 ,?us1 9 8 l&scapes also1 !re 0
 n a s+le h]b or leaf ( a tree1 :i* he  
_h n tak5 l a portrait1 f ! select face 
( nature2 & to 8 v leaves he gave a     
peculi> air1 & fold1 & position1 be/    
adapt$ to repres5t !m ru/l+ 9 ! w9d4    
,:ile he be/[$ 8 att5tion 9 ?is mann] ^u
 ! m9utiae1 he at ! same "t1 z is obs]v$
 by ,m5gs1 l$ ! way to a m enl>g$ &     

dignifi$ /yle2 ent]$ into ! mo/ ab/ruse 
inquiries z to ! s\rce & nature (       
expression1 ! mo/ philosophical &       
elevat$ bran* ( ! art2 & smoo!d ! way1  
if ,i may be p]mitt$ to say s1 = !      
appe>ance ( ,raffaello4 ,no "o c\ld be m
 curi\s 9 8 rese>*es1 m int5t ^u obs]v+1
 or m prompt 9 cat*+ ! motions ( !      
passions1 z exhibit$ ei!r 9 ! features  
or ! actions4 ,he frequ5t$ places (     
public assembly1 & all spectacles 9 :i* 
man gave free play to 8 active p[]s2 &  
!re1 9 a small book always ready at h&1 
he drew ! attitudes :i* he select$2 & ^!
 designs he pres]v$ 9 ord] to apply !m1 
) expressions m or less p[]ful1 accord+ 
to ! occasion1 & ! degree ( expression  
he wi%$ to introduce4 ,= x 0 8 cu/om1 9 
! same mann] z he gradually /r5g!n$ 8   
%ad[s until he rea*$ ! highe/ degree2 s 
also 9 ! composition ( 8 figures1 to    
proce$ 9 height5+ !m until he atta9$ !  
p]fection ( passion & ( motion4 ,! same 
k9d ( gradation he obs]v$ 9 reg>d to    
elegance1 ( :i* he 0 p]haps ! e>lie/    

admir]2 s9ce previ\s arti/s appe>$      
unable to di/+ui% grace f beauty1 & /ill
 m s to adapt x to pleas+ subjects 9 su*
 a way z to rise f ! less to ! m        
attractive po9ts1 z 0 practis$ by       
,lion>do da ,v9ci4 ,he ev5 adh]$ to !   
same rule 9 8 burlesques2 always ?r[+ an
 air ( great] ridicule ov] "o ?an ano!r1
 insomu* t he 0 he>d to say1 t !y ought 
to be c>ri$ to su* a height1 if         
possible1 z ev5 to make a dead man      
laugh4  ,! *>act]i/ic1 !re=e1 ( ?is     
incomp>able arti/1 consi/s 9 a ref9em5t 
( ta/e1 ( :i* no equal example1 ei!r    
prec$+ or foll[+ him1 is to be f\nd2 if1
 inde$1 we may n admit t ( ! old        
,protog5es1 9 :om ,apelles 0 unable to  
f9d any reason :y he himself %\ld be    
pref]r$ to him1 except x 7 !            
sup]abundant indu/ry ( 8 competitor4#ea 
,&1 9 tru?1 x w\ld appe>1 t ,v9ci       
likewise1 did n always call to m9d !    
maxim ( ne quid nimis1 9 ! obs]vance (  
:i*1 ! p]fection ( human pursuits is to 
be f\nd4 ,phidias himself1 said ,tully1 

bore 9 8 m9d a m beautiful ,m9]va & a   
gr&] ,jove1 ?an he 0 capable ( exhibit+ 
) 8 *isel2 & x is prud5t c\nsel1 t      
tea*es u to aspire to ! be/1 b to re/   
satisfi$ ) atta9+ :at is good4 ,v9ci 0  
nev] pleas$ ) 8 lab\rs if he did n      
execute !m z p]fectly z he _h conceiv$  
!m2 & be+ unable to rea* ! high po9t    
propos$ ) a mortal h&1 he sometimes only
 design$ 8 "w1 or conduct$ x only to a  
c]ta9 degree ( completion4 ,sometimes he
 devot$ to x s long a p]iod z almo/ to  
r5ew ! example ( ! anci5t :o employ$    
sev5 ye>s ov] 8 picture4 ,b z !re 0 no  
limit to ! discov]y ( fre% beauties 9 t 
"w1 s1 9 ! op9ion ( ,lomazzo1 x happ5s )
 ! p]fections ( ,v9ci's pa9t+s1 includ+ 
ev5 ^? :i* ,vas>i & o!rs allude to z    
left imp]fect4    ,footnote #ea3 ,pl94  
lib4 xxxv4 c4 #aj4 ,uno se prae/>e1 quod
      manum ille de tabula nesciret     
toll]e4 ,?is he said 9      ref]5ce to t
 ,jalysus1 on :i* ,protog5es _h be/[$   
no less ?an sev5 ye>s4  ,be=e proce$+   
fur!r1 x becomes our hi/orical duty1    

hav+ "h m5tion$ 8 imp]fect works1 to    
in=m ! read] ( ! real s5se 9 :i* ! words
 are to be tak5 :5 appli$ to ,v9ci4 ,x  
is c]ta9 he left a numb] ( works only   
half f9i%$1 su* z 8 ,epiphany1 9 ! ducal
 gall]y at ,flor5ce1 or 8 ,holy ,family1
 9 ! ar*bi%op's palace at ,milan4 ,mo/  
frequ5tly1 h[ev]1 ! report is gr\nd$ ^u 
8 hav+ left "s portion ( 8 pieces less  
p]fectly f9i%$ ?an ! re/2 a defici5cy1  
nev]!less1 t _c always be detect$ ev5 by
 ! be/ judges4 ,! portrait1 = in/ance1 (
 ,m4 ,lisa ,gioconda1 pa9t$ at ,flor5ce 
9 ! p]iod ( f\r ye>s1 & !n1 accord+ to  
,vas>i1 left imp]fect1 0 m9utely exam9$ 
by ,m>iette1 9 ! collection ( ! k+ (    
,france1 & 0 decl>$ to be c>ri$ to s    
high a degree ( f9i%1 t x 0 impossible  
to surpass x4 ,! defect w be m easily   
recogniz$ 9 o!r portraits1 sev]al ( :i* 
are yet to be se5 at ,milan2 = in/ance1 
t ( a lady belong+ to ! ,sig4 ,pr9cipe  
,albani2 & "o ( a man1 9 ! ,palazzo     
,scotti ,gall]ati4 ,inde$ ,lomazzo has  
rem>k$1 t1 except+ ?ree or f\r1 he left 

all ! re/ ( 8 heads imp]fect4 ,b        
imp]fections & faults l 8 w\ld h be5    
acc\nt$ di/+ui%+ qualities 9 almo/ any  
o!r arti/4  ,ev5 8 gr& ,supp] has be5   
/at$ 9 hi/ory z an imp]fect production1 
?\gh at ! same "t all hi/ory is agre$ 9 
celebrat+ x z "o ( ! mo/ beautiful      
pa9t+s t ev] proce$$ f ! h& ( man4 ,x 0 
pa9t$ = ! refectory ( ! ,dom9ican fa!rs1
 at ,milan1 & may be pron\nc$ a         
comp5dium n only ( all t ,lion>do taught
 9 8 books1 b also ( :at he embrac$ 9 8 
/udies4 ,he "h gave expression to !     
exact po9t ( "t be/ adapt$ to animate 8 
hi/ory1 :i* is ! mom5t :5 ! r$eem]      
addresses 8 disciples1 say+1 ,"o ( y w  
betray me4 ,!n ea* ( 8 innoc5t foll[]s  
is se5 to />t z if /ruck ) a ?und]bolt2 
^? at a di/ance seem to int]rogate _!   
companions1 z if !y ?9k !y mu/ h mi/ak5 
:at he _h said2 o!rs1 accord+ to _!     
natural disposition1 appe> v>i\sly      
affect$2 "o ( !m swoons away1 "o /&s lo/
 9 a/oni%m5t1 a ?ird rises 9            
indignation1 :ile ! v simplicity & c&\r 

depict$ ^u ! c\nt5ance ( a f\r?1 seem to
 place him beyond ! rea* ( suspicion4 ,b
 ,judas in/antly draws 9 8 c\nt5ance1 & 
:ile he appe>s z x 7 attempt+ to give x 
an air ( innoc5ce1 ! eye re/s ^u him 9 a
 mom5t z ! und\bt$ traitor4 ,v9ci       
himself us$ to obs]ve1 t = ! space ( a  
:ole ye>1 he employ$ 8 "t 9 m$itat+ h[  
he c\ld be/ give expression to !        
features ( s bad a he>t2 & t be+        
accu/om$ to frequ5t a place :]e ! wor/  
*>act]s 7 kn[n to assemble1 he !re met )
 a physiognomy to 8 purpose2 to :i* he  
also add$ ! features ( _m o!rs4 ,9 8    
figures ( ! two ,sa9ts ,jacopo1 pres5t+ 
f9e =ms1 mo/ appropriate to ! *>act]s1  
he avail$ himself ( ! same plan2 & be+  
unable ) 8 utmo/ dilig5ce to inve/ t (  
,*ri/ ) a sup]ior air to ! re/1 he left 
! head 9 an unf9i%$ /ate1 z we le>n f   
,vas>i1 ?\gh ,arm59i pron\nc$ x         
exquisitely complete4 ,! re/ ( !        
picture1 ! tableclo? ) its folds1 ! :ole
 ( ! ut5sils1 ! table1 ! ar*itecture1 ! 
di/ribution ( ! lights1 ! p]spective ( !

 ceil+1 7:i* 9 ! tape/ry ( ,san ,pietro1
 at ,rome1 is *ang$ almo/ into a hang+  
g>d57 all 0 conduct$ ) ! mo/ exquisite  
c>e2 all 0 wor?y ( ! f9e/ p5cil 9 ! _w4 
,_h ,lion>do desir$ to foll[ ! practice 
( 8 age 9 pa9t+ 9 di/emp]1 ! art at ?is 
"t w\ld h be5 9 possession ( ?is        
treasure4 ,b be+ always fond ( attempt+ 
new me?ods1 he pa9t$ ?is ma/]piece ^u a 
peculi> gr\nd1 =m$ ( di/ill$ oils1 :i* 0
 ! reason t x gradually deta*$ itself f 
! wall1 a mis=tune :i* _h also ne>ly    
befall5 "o ( 8 ,madonnas1 at ,s4        
,on(rio1 at ,rome1 ?\gh x 0 pres]v$ "u  
glass4 ,ab\t half a c5tury subsequ5t to 
! production ( 8 great ,supp]1 :5       
,arm59i !n saw x1 x 0 already half      
decay$2 & ,scanelli1 :o exam9$ x 9      
#afdb1 decl>es t x 0 ) difficulty he    
c\ld disc]n ! hi/ory z x _h be54 ,9 !   
pres5t c5tury a hope _h be5 indulg$ (   
?is magnific5t pa9t+ be+ re/or$ by aid (
 "s v>ni%1 or o!r secret1 z may be se5  
by consult+ ,bott>i4 ,9 reg>d to ?is1   
h[ev]1 & ! o!r vicissitudes ( ?is great 

picture1 we ought also to consid] :at is
 /at$ 9 a tone ( ridicule & reproa* by  
,bianconi1 9 8 ,new ,guide4#eb ,x w be  
suffici5t = my purpose to add1 t no?+   
rema9s 9 ! mod]n picture f ! h& ( ,v9ci1
 if we except ?ree heads ( apo/les1 :i* 
may be said to be r sket*$ ?an pa9t$4   
,milan boa/s few ( 8 works1 z ^? :i* are
 ascrib$ to him are = ! mo/ "p !        
productions ( 8 s*ool1 occasionally     
ret\*$ by himself1 z 9 ! alt>-piece (   
,s4 ,ambrogio ad nemus1 :i* has great   
m]it4 ,a ,madonna1 h[ev]1 & ,infant1 9 !
 ,belgioioso d',e/e palace1 z well z "o 
or two o!r pictures 9 private           
possession1 are und\bt$ly f 8 h&4 ,we   
are assur$1 inde$1 t he left few pieces 
at ,milan1 z well f 8 kn[n fa/idi\sness 
9 pa9t+1 z f 8 hav+ be5 div]t$ f x1 bo? 
by incl9ation & by ! commissions receiv$
 f ! pr9ce1 to conduct works connect$ ) 
eng9e]+1 hydraulics1 & ma*9]y = a v>iety
 ( purposes1 besides ^? (               
ar*itecture2#ec & especially 9 reg>d to 
t celebrat$ model ( a horse1 ( :i*1 ow+ 

to its size1 z we are told by ,vas>i1 no
 ca/ c\ld be tak5 9 bronze4 ,& ?is writ]
 is ! m entitl$ to cr$it1 z well because
 he fl\ri%$ ne> ! p]iod ( :i* he treats1
 z because he c\ld h>dly be ignorant ( a
 "w1 :i* w\ld almo/ h plac$ ! fame ( our
 ,italian on an equality ) t (          
,lysippus4#ed    ,footnote #eb3 7,page  
#cbi47 ,! ,sig4 ,baldass>e ,ors9i has   
likewise inveigh$ aga9/ ! inconsid]ate  
ret\*+s (      old pa9t+s1 9 8 ,rispo/a1
 p4 #gg2 :]e he also      alludes to a  
lett] ( ,hak]t's1 9 def5ce ( v>ni%es1   
& to ano!r 9 reply1 9 :i* ! use ( !m is 
disapprov$ by =ce ( examples4 ,he       
moreov] cites a      ,supplem5t>y ,lett]
 drawn f ! ,roman ,j\rnal ( ,f9e        
,arts1 = ,decemb]1 #aghh4    ,footnote  
#ec3 ,a numb] ( designs are to be se5 9 
8 ,,ms4      volumes belong+ to !       
,ambrosian collection4 ,see             
,m>iette's lett]1 9 vol4 ii4 ( ,lett4   
,pittori*e1 p4 #aga2      &1 also1      
,obs]vations ^u ! ,designs ( ,lion>do1  
by      ! ,ab4 ,amoretti1 ,ed4 ( ,milan1

 #aghd4    ,footnote #ed3 ,x 0 int5d$ = 
! eque/rian /atue (      ,francesco     
,s=za1 fa!r ( ,lodovico4 ,! ,cav4 ,fr4  
,sabba da      ,ca/iglione has m5tion$ 9
 8 ,ricordi1 ,no4 #aji1 t ?is      v    
+5i\s model1 s greatly celebrat$ 9 !    
annals (      ! arts1 :i* co/ ,v9ci     
sixte5 ye>s to complete1 0      se5 by !
 writ] 9 #adii1 conv]t$ into a t>get = !
      ,gascon b[m5 9 ! s]vice ( ,l\is   
,,xii4 :5 he became      ma/] ( ,milan4 
,( all 8 lab\rs 9 ,milan1 !re=e1 no?+ is
 bett] des]v+ ( our notice ?an ! academy
 :i* he f\nd$1 ^: pupils con/itute !    
pr\de/ & mo/ fl\ri%+ epo* ( ?is s*ool4  
,!y are n all equally well kn[n2 & we   
(t5 f9d1 bo? 9 collections & 9 *ur*es1 t
 pictures are po9t$ out z be+ ( ! s*ool 
( ,v9ci1 )\t specify+ ! p>ticul> arti/s4
 ,_! alt>-pieces seldom display         
composition1 v>y+ mu* f t common to o!r 
s*ools ( ! age2 namely1 figures ( !     
,virg9 ) ! ,infant1 ^u a ?rone1 surr\nd$
 by sa9ts1 *iefly 9 an erect po/ure1 & a
 few *]ubs on ! /eps4 ,v9ci's disciples1

 h[ev]1 if ,i mi/ake n1 7 ! fir/ :o     
conf]r$ on _! figures "s degree ( unity 
9 action1 s z to give !m ! appe>ance (  
conv]s+ ) ea* o!r4 ,9 ! rema9+ p>ts1    
also1 !y exhibit a pretty uni=m ta/e2 !y
 repres5t ! same faces1 all some:at     
oval1 smil+ lips1 ! same mann] 9 _!     
precise & some:at dry outl9es1 ! same   
*oice ( temp]ate col\rs1 well h>moniz$1 
toge!r ) ! same /udy ( ! *i>oscuro1 :i* 
! less skilful arti/s ov]*>ge ) d>kness1
 :ile ! bett] ones apply x 9 mod]ation4 
,"o :o approa*$ ne>e/ to 8 /yle1 at a   
c]ta9 p]iod1 0 ,ces> da ,se/o1 likewise 
call$ ,ces>e ,milanese1 ?\gh n record$  
by ,vas>i1 or ,lomazzo1 9 ! li/ ( 8     
disciples4 ,/ill he is g5]ally admitt$  
by m mod]n writ]s4 ,9 ! ,ambrosian      
collection is ! head ( an old man1 s    
extremely cle> & /udi$1 9 ! ,v9ci mann]1
 by ?is arti/1 z to surprise ! behold]4 
,9 "s ( 8 o!r works he foll[$           
,raffaello1 :om he knew 9 ,rome2 & x is 
report$1 t ?is pr9ce ( pa9t+ "o day said
 to him1 ,x seems to me /range t be+    

b\nd 9 su* /rict ties ( fri5d%ip z we   
two are1 we d n 9 ! lea/ respect ea* o!r
 ) our p5cils1 z if !y _h be5 rivals on 
a sort ( equality4 ,he 0 intimate too ) 
,baldass> ,p]uzzi1 & 0 employ$ ) him 9 !
 ca/le ( ,o/ia4 ,9 ?is "w1 :i* 0 "o ( ! 
e>lie/ ef=ts ( ,baldass>e1 ,vas>i seems 
incl9$ to yield ! palm ( excell5ce to ! 
,milanese arti/4 ,he 0 e/eem$ ,v9ci's   
be/ pupil2 & he is m ?an once held up by
 ,lomazzo1 z a model 9 design1 9        
attitude1 & m p>ticul>ly 9 ! art ( us+ 8
 lights4 ,he cites an ,h]odias by him1 (
 :i* ,i h se5 a copy 9 possession ( !   
,consigli] ,pagave1 & ! c\nt5ance bore  
an extreme resemblance to ! ,=n>9a (    
,raffaello4 ,! ,cav4 ,d4 ,girolamo      
,melzi has likewise "o ( 8 ,holy        
,families1 9 ! ,raffaello mann]1 :i* he 
obta9$ a few ye>s ago at an imm5se sum1 
z well z t celebrat$ alt>-piece pa9t$ = 
,s4 ,rocco4 ,x is divid$ into           
comp>tm5ts2 9 ! mid/ is se5 ! ,titul>   
,sa9t & ! ,holy ,virg91 ) ! ,infant1    
imitat$ f a figure by ,raffaello1 :i* is

 at ,foligno4 ,f 8 ,dispute ( !         
,sacram5t he likewise borr[$ ! ,s4 ,gio4
 ,bati/a seat$ on a cl\d1 :i* is        
accompani$ ) ! figure ( ,/4 ,john !     
,evangeli/1 plac$ 9 ! same position4 ,^!
 decorate ! upp] "p ( ! picture2 ! l[]  
be+ occupi$ by ! figures ( ! two        
half-nak$ sa9ts1 ,cri/(oro & ,seba/iano1
 bo? appropriately execut$1 & ! la/     
exhibit+ a new & beautiful =e%ort5+4 ,!y
 are on a l>g] scale ?an ! figures (    
,p\ss91 & ) su* resemblance to          
,coreggio's1 t1 9 ! op9ion ( ! ,ab4     
,bianconi1 !y might h be5 easily ascrib$
 to him1 9 default ( ! arti/'s "n2 su*  
is ! s(tness1 union1 & brightness ( !   
fle%es1 su* _! beauty ( col\r+1 & !     
h>mony inve/+ ! :ole pa9t+4 ,x us$ to be
 clos$ ) two panels1 :]e1 ) a c]ta9     
correspond5ce ( subjects1 7 drawn ! two 
pr9ces ( ! ,apo/les1 ) ,sa9ts ,m>t9o &  
,giorgio on horseback2 all ( :i* display
 ! same maxims1 ?\gh n equal dilig5ce 9 
! art4 ,h5ce we may inf] t ?is arti/ did
 n1 l ,v9ci1 aspire at produc+          

ma/]pieces z an inv>iable rule1 b 0     
cont5t1 l ,lu9i1 ) occasional ef=ts ( ! 
k9d4  ,at ! *ur* ( ,s>ono1 situat$      
betwe5 ,pavia & ,milan1 are se5 !       
figures ( f\r ,sa9ts1 drawn on f\r n>r[ 
pila/]s2 ! two eque/rian sa9ts1 already 
m5tion$1 & ,sa9ts ,seba/iano & ,rocco1  
to :om especially invocations are made  
aga9/ ! plague4 ,!y are inscrib$ ) ! "n 
,caes> ,magnus1 f4 #aecc3 ! =e%ort5+ is 
well adapt$ to ! place2 & ! figure ( ,s4
 ,rocco m especially displays a         
composition su* z we h m5tion$4 ,!      
features are n v pleas+1 ) ! exception (
 ^? ( ,/4 ,george1 z !y are some:at too 
r\nd & full4 ,^! pieces are 9 g5]al     
assign$ to ! arti/ ( :om we "h treat1 & 
_m are incl9$ to inf]1 f ! inscription1 
t he belong$ to ! family ( ! ,magni4 ,b 
x is d\bt$ by o!rs2 ! frescos n appe>+  
to ju/ify 8 high reputation1 h[ev]      
excell5t 9 _! way4 ,besides1 ,i f9d !   
dea? ( ,ces>e da ,se/o record$1 9 a     
,,ms4 communicat$ to me by ,sig4        
,bianconi1 z occurr+ 9 ! ye> #aebd1 ?\gh

 n 9 su* a mann] z to remove all k9d (  
d\bt4 ,i f9d "s reason = incl9+ to an   
opposite op9ion 9 ! great div]sity (    
/yle1 rem>kable 9 ?is arti/1 ! con=mity 
( v>i\s ideas 9 ! frescos & 9 8         
alt>-piece1 toge!r ) ! sil5ce (         
,lomazzo1 g5]ally s exact 9 8 m5tion ( !
 be/ ,lomb>ds1 & :o records no o!r      
,ces>e b da ,se/o4  ,i ought n to       
sep>ate ! "n ( ?is noble figuri/ f t (  
,b]nazzano ! l&scape pa9t]1 z !y 7 unit$
 no less 9 int]e/ ?an 9 fri5d%ip4 ,x is 
unc]ta9 :e!r he 0 in/ruct$ by ,v9ci2 he 
d\btless avail$ himself ( 8 models1 & 9 
draw+ rural l&scape1 fruits1 fl[]s1 &   
birds1 he succe$$ s admirably z to      
produce ! same wond]ful effects z are   
told ( ,zeuxes & ,apelles1 9 ,greece4   
,?is inde$ ,italian arti/s h frequ5tly  
r5ew$1 ?\gh ) a less degree ( applause4 
,hav+ repres5t$ a /rawb]ry-b$ 9 a       
c\rt-y>d1 ! peaf[l 7 s deceiv$ by its   
resemblance1 t !y peck$ at ! wall until 
! pa9t+ 0 de/roy$4 ,he pa9t$ ! l&scape  
"p = a picture ( ! ,baptism ( ,*ri/1 &  

on ! gr\nd drew "s birds 9 ! act ( fe$+4
 ,on its be+ plac$ 9 ! op5 air1 ! birds 
7 se5 to fly t[>ds ! picture1 z if to   
jo9 _! companions4 ,z ?is arti/ _h !    
s5se to p]ceive 8 own defici5cy 9       
figures1 he cultivat$ an intimacy )     
,ces>e1 :o add$ to 8 l&scapes fables &  
hi/ories1 sometimes ) a degree ( lic5se 
t is reprobat$ by ,lomazzo4 ,^! pa9t+s  
are held 9 high e/eem1 :]e !            
figure-pa9t] has made a po9t ( display+ 
8 p[]s4  ,gio4 ,antonio ,beltraffio1 z 8
 "n is writt5 on 8 monum5t1 0 a g5tleman
 ( ,milan1 :o employ$ only 8 leisure    
h\rs 9 pa9t+1 & produc$ "s works at     
,milan1 & o!r places2 b ! be/ is at     
,bologna4 ,x is plac$ at ! ,mis]icordia1
 & bore 8 signature1 ) t ( 8 ma/] ,v9ci1
 & ! date #aejj1 ?\gh ^! h be5 s9ce     
eras$4 ,9 x is repres5t$ ! ,virg9 betwe5
 ,sa9ts ,john ! ,bapti/ & ,ba/iano1 :ile
 ! figure ( ,girolamo da ,cesio1 :o gave
 ! commission = ! picture1 is se5 kneel+
 at ! foot ( ! ?rone4 ,x =ms ! only     
production ( ,beltraffio plac$ 9 public1

 & is on t acc\nt e/eem$ ! m valuable4  
,! :ole ( x exhibits ! exact /udy ( 8   
s*ool 9 ! air ( ! heads1 judici\s 9     
composition1 & s(t5$ 9 its outl9es4 ,8  
design1 h[ev]1 is r m dry ?an t ( 8     
fell[ pupils2 ! effect1 p]haps1 ( 8 e>ly
 education1 "u ! ,milanese arti/s ( !   
f\rte5? c5tury1 n suffici5tly correct$4 
,francesco ,melzi 0 ano!r ,milanese (   
noble bir?1 enum]at$ among ,lion>do's   
disciples1 ?\gh he _h only ! b5efit ( 8 
in/ructions 9 design dur+ 8 m t5d] ye>s4
 ,he approa*$ ne>e/ ( any to ,v9ci's    
mann]1 conduct+ pieces t are frequ5tly  
mi/ak5 = ^? ( 8 ma/]2 b he employ$      
himself seldom1 because he 0 ri*4#ee ,he
 0 greatly e/eem$ by ,v9ci1 inasmu* z he
 unit$ a v f9e c\nt5ance to ! mo/       
amiable disposition1 8 gratitude induc+ 
him to accompany 8 ma/] on 8 la/ visit  
into ,france4 ,he 0 z g5]\sly rew>d$ =  
x1 becom+ heir to ! :ole ( ,v9ci's      
designs1 in/rum5ts1 books1 &            
manuscripts4 ,he promot$ z f> z possible
 ! reputation ( 8 ma/]1 by furni%+ bo?  

,vas>i & ,lomazzo ) notices = 8 life2 & 
by pres]v+ = ! eye ( po/]ity ! valuable 
collection ( 8 writ+s4 ,= z long z !    
num]\s volumes deposit$ at ! ,ambrosian 
libr>y cont9ue to exi/1 ! _w mu/ admit t
 he 0 "o ( ! *ief reviv]s1 n only (     
pa9t+ b ( /atics1 ( hydro/atics1 (      
optics1 & ( anatomy4    ,footnote #ee3  
,amoretti1 ,mem4 ,/or4 del ,v9ci1 p4    
#acj4  ,&rea ,salai1 or ,sala9o1 01 f   
simil> qualities1 a great fav\rite )    
,v9ci1 :o *ose him accord+ to ! language
 ( ! times1 z 8 creato1 us+ him z a     
model = beautiful figures1 bo? ( a human
 & angelic ca/4 ,he in/ruct$ him1 z we  
are told by ,vas>i1 9 matt]s p]ta9+ to !
 art1 & ret\*$ 8 lab\rs1 :i* ,i ?9k mu/ 
gradually h *ang$ _! "n2 z a ,salai is n
 n[ e/eem$ l a ,v9ci4 ,!re is a ,/4     
,john ! ,bapti/ po9t$ out z 81 elegant1 
b r dry1 9 ! ar*bi%op's palace2 a v     
animat$ portrait ( a man1 9 ! ,aresi    
palace2 ) a few o!r pieces4 ,8 picture 9
 ! sacri/y ( ,s4 ,celso1 is m p>ticul>ly
 celebrat$4 ,x 0 drawn f ! c>toon (     

,lion>do1 execut$ at ,flor5ce1 & s      
greatly applaud$1 t ! citiz5s ran to    
behold x1 z !y w\ld h done "s great     
solemnity4 ,vas>i calls x ! c>toon ( ,/4
 ,anna1 :o1 ) ! ,virg91 is se5 fondl+ ! 
,holy ,*ild1 :ile ! infant ,john !      
,bapti/ is play+ ) him4 ,subsequ5tly1   
?is c>toon rose into su* repute1 t :5   
,francis ,i4 invit$ ,v9ci to 8 c\rt1 he 
entreat$ t he w\ld und]take ! col\r+2 b 
! latt]1 says ,vas>i1 accord+ to 8      
cu/om1 amus$ him a long :ile ) words4 ,x
 appe>s1 moreov]1 f a lett] ( ,p4 ,re/a1
 ins]t$ 9 ! ?ird volume ( ! ,lett]e     
,pittori*e1 t ,v9ci =m$ ?ree c>toons ( 8
 ,/4 ,anna1 "o ( :i* 0 col\r$ by ,salai4
 ,?is arti/ admirably fulfill$ ! design 
( ! inv5tor1 9 ! ta/e ( 8 well h>monis$ 
& l[ col\rs1 9 ! agreeable "* ( 8       
l&scape1 & 9 gr& effect4 ,9 ! same      
sacri/y1 opposite to x1 0 plac$1 = "s   
"t1 a ,holy ,family by ,raffaello1 n[   
remov$ to ,vi5na2 nor did x %r9k f su*  
competition4 ,a simil> copy ( ! same    
c>toon 0 obta9$ f ,vi5na = our reign+   

sov]eign1 ,f]d9& ,,iii4 & n[ adorns !   
ducal gall]y at ,flor5ce1 likewise1     
p]haps1 f ! h& ( ,salai4  ,m>co ,uglone1
 or ,uggione1 or da ,oggione1 ought to  
be includ$ among ! be/ ,milanese pa9t]s4
 ,he did n employ himself exclusively on
 fav\rite pictures1 l mo/ ( ! s*ol>s (  
,v9ci1 :o pref]r$ to pa9t little & well2
 b 0 celebrat$ = 8 frescos2 & 8 works at
 ! ,pace /ill ma9ta9 _! outl9e entire1 &
 _! col\rs bright4 ,"s ( ^! are 9 !     
*ur*1 & a v magnific5t picture ( !      
,crucifixion is to be se5 9 ! refectory2
 surpris+ = ! v>iety1 beauty1 & _s ( its
 figures4 ,few ,lomb>d arti/s atta9$ !  
degree ( expression t is "h manife/$2 & 
few to su* ma/]y ( composition & novelty
 ( co/ume4 ,9 8 human figures1 he aim$  
at elegance ( proportion2 & 9 ^? (      
horses he is se5 to be ! disciple (     
,v9ci4 ,= ano!r refectory1 t ( !        
,c]tosa1 9 ,pavia1 he copi$ ! ,supp] (  
,lion>do1 & x is su* z to supply1 9 "s  
measure1 ! loss ( ! orig9al4 ,milan     
boa/s two ( 8 alt>-pieces1 "o at ,s4    

,paolo 9 ,compito1 & ano!r at ,s4       
,eufemia1 9 ! /yle ( ! s*ool we h       
describ$1 & bo? excell5t productions2   
?\gh ! mann] :i* he obs]v$ 9 8 frescos1 
is m s(t & analog\s to mod]n            
composition4  ,9 ! hi/orical memoirs (  
,v9ci1 writt5 by ,amoretti1 "o ,galeazzo
 is m5tion$ z "o ( 8 pupils1 ?\gh x is  
difficult to decide :o he 01 along ) o!r
 arti/s record$ 9 ! ,v9ci ,,mss4 ,^! are
 "o ,jacomo1 "o ,fanfoia1 & a ,lor5zo1  
:i* might p]haps be int]pret$ to be     
,lotto1 did n ! epo*s po9t$ out by ,c\nt
 ,tassi & ,p4 ,f$]ici1 relat+ to ?is    
arti/1 appe> inapplicable to ! ,lor5zo (
 ,v9ci1 :o 0 born 9 #adhh1 & came to    
,lion>do 9 ,april1 #aeje1 & probably    
:ile ,v9ci 0 at ,fiesole1 s9ce he 0 !re 
9 ! mon? ( ,m>* 9 t ye>2 t is1 a mon?   
be=e1#ef & cont9u$ to reside ) him at   
lea/ :ile he rema9$ 9 ,italy4 ,i am     
incl9$ to believe he fill$ ! place ( 8  
dome/ic4    ,footnote #ef3 ,see         
,amoretti1 p4 #ij4  ,fa!r ,re/a1 9 8    
,portable ,gall]y1 cit$ by me 9 ! ?ird  

*apt]1 ins]ts also1 among ,v9ci's       
,milanese disciples1 "o ,gio4 ,p$r9i1 & 
,lomazzo1 a ,pietro ,ricci1 ( :om ,i c  
le>n no?+ f>!r4 ,"s1 inde$1 include 9 ! 
same li/ ,ces>e ,ces>iano1 an ar*itect &
 pa9t] 9 m9iature1 ^: life has be5      
writt5 by ,pol5i4 ,lattuada1 too1       
m5tions ,niccola ,appiano1 & makes him !
 au?or ( a fresco pa9t+ ov] ! gate ( !  
,pace1 :i* is c]ta9ly 9 ! ,v9ci mann]4  
,ces>e ,arbasia1 ( :om we %all fur!r    
treat 9 ! six? book ( ! fif? volume1 "u 
! head ( ,pi$mont1 0 errone\sly ref]r$1 
at ,cordova1 to ! s*ool ( ,v9ci1 & is   
m5tion$ z 8 pupil by ,palom9o4 ,?is 0   
impossible1 if we consid] ! epo*s ( 8   
life1 toge!r ) ! "* ( 8 pa9t+s4 ,7 a    
resemblance ( /yle en\gh to decide ! "q 
( preceptor%ip1 ,i might "h add to      
,leon>do's s*ool a numb] ( o!r          
,milanese1 bo? ( ! city & ! /ate4 ,i _c1
 h[ev]1 disp5se ) a maxim1 :i*1 "u a    
v>iety ( =ms1 ,i h recomm5d$ to my      
read]s2 t hi/ory alone c asc]ta9 = u !  
real pupils1 z /yle does su* z are      

imitators4 ,be+ unable1 !re=e1 to       
pron\nce !m disciples1 ,i %all give to  
,v9ci only z 8 imitators ! names ( ,c\nt
 ,francesco d',adda1 :o 0 accu/om$ to   
pa9t on panels & on slate = private     
cab9ets2 ,ambrogio ,egogui1 ( :om !re   
rema9s at ,n]viano a f9e alt>-piece1    
execut$ 9 #aebg2 ,gaud5zio ,v9ci1 (     
,nova1 :o is di/+ui%$ also = ano!r      
alt>-piece at ,arona1 ) a date ant]ior  
to ! prec$+4 ,i nev] saw any ( ^!2 b x  
is agre$ by all1 t !y are 9 ! ,v9ci     
mann]2 & t ! la/ especially is an       
a/oni%+ production4 ,ano!r "w1 :i* made 
its appe>ance only a few ye>s ago at    
,rome1 repres5t+ ! figure ( ! ,virg91 & 
q 9 ,leon>do's composition1 z ,i h he>d1
 be>s ! foll[+ inscription3 ,b]n>d9us   
,faxolus de ,papia fecit1 #aeah4 ,x 0   
pur*as$ by ! ,sig4 ,pr9cipe ,bras*i1 = 8
 v *oice gall]y2 & x appe>$ truly       
surpris+ at ,rome1 t su* a pa9t] %\ld be
 pres5t$ to our age1 z x 7 alone1 & )\t 
a ^w ( recomm5dation f any hi/orian4    
,yet simil> occurr5ces are n unkn[n 9   

,italy1 & x =ms a portion ( h] fame to  
enum]ate h] celebrat$ arti/s by ranks & 
n by numb]s4  ,x rema9s = u to d ju/ice 
to ,v9ci's mo/ di/+ui%$ imitator1       
,b]n>d9 ,lov9o1 z he writes x1 or ,lu9i1
 z x is g5]ally express$2 a native (    
,lu9o1 9 ! ,lago ,maggiore4 ,re/a       
ass]ts1 t he did n arrive at ,milan     
until aft] ! dep>ture ( ,v9ci1 & t he 0 
in/ruct$ by ,scotto4 ,! au?or ( !       
,guide1 7at page #abj7 includes him 9 ! 
li/ ( ,lion>do's pupils1 & ?is1 f !     
p]iod :5 he fl\ri%$1 might1 ,i ?9k1 h   
be5 ! case4 ,because if ,gaud5zio1 born 
9 #adhd1 0 at once ! disciple ( ,scotto 
& ( ,lov9o1 z we are in=m$ 9 ! treatise 
( ,lomazzo1 7p4 #dba7 x foll[s1 t       
,b]n>d9o mu/ already h be5 a ma/] ab\t  
#aejj1 ! "t :5 ,v9ci left ,milan4 ,to   
mu* ! same p]iod ,vas>i ref]s ,b]n>d9o  
da ,lup9o1 7he %\ld h said da ,lu9o17 an
 arti/ :o pa9t$ ! ,m>riage & o!r        
hi/ories ( ! ,virg9 9 s highly f9i%$ a  
ta/e at ,s>ono4 ,"o ( ,vas>i's          
annotators errone\sly aga9 *anges ! "n (

 ,lup9o into ,lan9o1 a pupil (          
,gaud5zio4 ,my supposition respect+ !   
age ( ,b]n>d9o1 is fur!r confirm$ by a  
portrait :i* he drew ( himself at       
,s>ono1 9 8 ,dispute ( ! *ild ,jesus ) !
 ,doctors1 :]e he appe>s !n old1 & ?is  
picture 0 execut$ 9 ! ye> #aebe1 z      
appe>s f ! date4 ,lu9i1 !re=e1 may h be5
 "o ( ,v9ci's disciples2 & he c]ta9ly   
frequ5t$ 8 academy4 ,o!rs inde$ ( !     
s*ool surpass$ him 9 delicacy ( h&1 & 9 
! pleas+ effect ( ! *i>oscuro1 a quality
 = :i* ,lomazzo comm5ds ,ces>e da ,se/o1
 decl>+ t ,lu9i drew 8 %ad[s 9 too co>se
 a /yle4 ,not)/&+ ?is1 no arti/ approa*$
 ne>] ,v9ci1 bo? 9 po9t ( design &      
col\r+ ?an ,b]n>d9o1 :o v frequ5tly     
compos$ 9 a ta/e s l t ( 8 ma/]1 t out (
 ,milan _m ( 8 pieces pass = ^? ( ,v9ci4
 ,su* is ! op9ion ( true connoisseurs1 z
 report$ & approv$ by ! au?or ( ! ,new  
,guide1 :o is assur$ly "o belong+ to ?is
 class4 ,he adduces two examples 9 !    
pictures at ! ,ambrosiana2 namely1 !    
,magdal51 & ! ,/4 ,john1 :o is se5      

c>ess+ 8 lamb1 a piece :i* =eign]s c    
h>dly be p]suad$ is n f ,v9ci's own h&4 
,i h se5 o!r pictures ( equal1 or ne>ly 
equal1 m]it1 9 diff]5t ,milanese        
collections :i* ,i h frequ5tly m5tion$4 
,we mu/1 h[ev]1 add :at ,i obs]v$ 9     
ref]5ce to ,ces>e da ,se/o j be=e1 t 9  
"s ( 8 works !re is great resemblance to
 ! mann] ( ,raffaello1 su* z 9 a        
,madonna1 belong+ to ! ,pr9ce (         
,kew5ill]1 & "o or two o!rs :i* ,i "k 7 
pur*as$ "u ! impression ( _! be+        
,raffaello's4 ,h5ce1 ,i imag9e1 mu/ h   
aris5 ! op9ion1 t he _h visit$ ,rome1   
:i* is v prop]ly que/ion$ by ! ,ab4     
,bianconi1 7p4 #cia71 :o r incl9es to ! 
negative4 ,nor c ,i myself admit x )\t  
"s fur!r pro(s1 a simil>ity ( mann] to  
me appe>+ f> too weak an argum5t to     
decide ! fact4 ,! same po9t 0 discuss$ 9
 ! ?ird *apt] on ! subject ( ,coreggio2 
& if we f\nd reason to conclude1 t      
,coreggio succe$$ 9 enl>g+ & ref9+ 8    
div9e g5ius to su* a degree1 )\t see+   
ei!r ,raffaello or ,mi*elangiolo at     

,rome1 we may admit ! same to h be5 !   
case 9 ! in/ance ( ,lu9i4 ,! book (     
nature is equally op5 to all arti/s2    
ta/e is a sure guide to selection2 &1 by
 degrees1 practice leads to ! complete  
execution ( :at is ?us select$4 ,v9ci's 
ta/e s ne>ly resembl$ t ( ,raffaello 9  
po9t ( delicacy1 grace1 & expression ( !
 passions1 t _h he n be5 div]t$ by o!r  
pursuits1 & _h he sacrific$ "s degree ( 
8 high f9i%1 = ! sake ( add+ to 8       
facility1 am5ity1 & fulness ( outl9e1 8 
/yle w\ld naturally h run into          
competition ) t ( ,raffaello1 ) :om1 z x
 is1 9 "s ( 8 heads especially1 he has  
_m po9ts 9 common4 ,x 0 ! same )        
,b]n>d9o1 :o _h embu$ himself ) ! ta/e (
 ,v9ci1 & n\ri%$ dur+ a p]iod t bord]$  
on an improv$ degree ( fre$om & s(tness 
( mann]4 ,at fir/1 inde$1 he adopt$ a   
less full & some:at dry /yle1 su* z we  
easily recognise 9 8 ,pieta1 at !       
,passione2 subsequ5tly he proce$$       
gradually to mod]nize x4 ,ev5 t f9e     
little picture ( ! ,ebriety ( ,noah1 :i*

 is %ewn at ,s4 ,b>naba1 z "o ( 8 mo/   
exquisite pieces1 reta9s a c]ta9        
precision 9 its design1 a h>dness (     
drap]y & a direction ( folds1 :i* rem9d 
u ( ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,he becomes m     
mod]n 9 8 hi/ories ( ,s4 ,croce1 execut$
 ab\t #aebj1 sev]al ( :i* he repeat$ at 
,s>ono five ye>s aft]1 :]e he appe>s to 
surpass 8 own productions4 ,^! la/ are !
 works :i* mo/ resemble ,raffaello's    
composition2 ?\gh !y reta9 t m9ut5ess 9 
decoration1 ! gild+ ( glories1 & !      
abundance ( little ornam5t 9 ! temples1 
su* z we see 9 ,mantegna & 8            
contempor>ies2 all ( :i* 7 ab&on$ by    
,raffaello1 :5 he arriv$ at 8 be/ mann]4
  ,x is my op9ion1 9 fact1 t ?is arti/ 0
 n s mu* indebt$ to ,rome1 f ^: ma/]s he
 probably only imitat$ "s pr9ts or      
copies1 z to ,v9ci's academy1 ) ^:      
maxims he became completely famili>2 & m
 especially to 8 own g5ius1 va/ 9 its   
k9d1 & equall$ by v few4 ,i say 9 its   
k9d2 = ,i allude to all t is sweet1     
beautiful1 pi\s1 & s5sitive 9 ! art4 ,9 

^? hi/ories ( our ,lady1 at ,s>ono1 h]  
features pres5t u ) a lovely union (    
beauty1 dignity1 & mode/y1 su* z approa*
 to ,raffaello1 al?\gh !y are n 84 ,!y  
are1 moreov]1 always consi/5t ) ! hi/ory
 ! arti/ repres5ts1 :e!r we behold !    
,virg9 at ! m>riage1 or li/5+ ) wond] to
 ! prophecies ( ,simeon2 :51 p5etrat$ ) 
! gr& my/]y1 %e receives ! wise m5 ( !  
ea/2 or :51 ) a c\nt5ance ( m+l$ joy &  
sorr[1 %e inquires ( h] div9e son1 tea*+
 9 ! temple1 :y he _h ?us left h]4 ,!   
o!r figures possess a correspond+       
beauty2 ! heads appe> to live1 ! looks &
 motions seem to be expect+ a reply2    
comb9$ ) v>iety ( design1 ( drap]y1 & ( 
passions1 all borr[$ f nature2 a /yle 9 
:i* e ?+ appe>s natural & un/udi$1 :i*  
ga9s at a fir/ view1 :i* compels ! eye  
to /udy "p by "p1 & f :i* x _c )draw    
itself )\t an ef=t3 su* is ! "* (       
,lu9i's /yle 9 t temple4 ,we obs]ve     
little v>iation 9 8 o!r pictures1 :i* he
 execut$ ) m c>e1 & at a m mature age1  
at ,milan2 nor c ,i imag9e :at c\ld lead

 ,vas>i to ass]t t ! :ole ( 8 works are 
tol]able2 :5 we meet ) s _m calculat$ to
 excite our wond]4 ,let u consult 8     
picture ( ,*ri/ sc\rg$1 at ,s4 ,giorgio1
 & inquire by :at h& ! c\nt5ance ( our  
,r$eem] has be5 drawn m full ( k9dness1 
humility1 & piety2 or turn to 8 small]  
cab9et pa9t+s 9 ! possession ( !        
,signori ,litta1 & o!r noble h\ses1 s   
beautifully f9i%$1 & inquire aga9 h[ _m 
arti/s 9 8 own times c\ld h equall$ him 
9 ^!8 ,! g5ius ( ,lu9i does n1 moreov]1 
appe> to h be5 at all fa/idi\s or sl[2  
at lea/ 9 8 fresco pa9t+s4 ,?us 8 ,cr[n 
( ,?orns1 plac$ at ! college ( ,s4      
,sepolcro1 a picture ab\nd+ ) figures1 =
 :i* he receiv$ "o hundr$ & fifte5 lire1
 occupi$ him ?irty-eight days1 besides  
elev5 m1 dur+ :i* "o ( 8 pupils 0 engag$
 on ! "w4 ,he avail$ himself ( simil>   
aid1 likewise1 9 pa9t+ ! *oir ( ,s>ono1 
9 ! ,mona/]o ,maggiore1 at ,milan1 9    
sev]al *ur*es ( ,lago ,maggiore1 & 9 o!r
 places2 & to ^! assi/ants we ought     
app>5tly to ascribe :atev] p>ts we f9d  

less p]fect4  ,two only ( 8 disciples1 8
 own sons1 z f> z ,i c le>n1 are kn[n4  
,at ! p]iod :5 ,lomazzo publi%$ 8       
treatise1 9 #aehd1 !y 7 bo? liv+1 & bo? 
m5tion$ by him ) comm5dation4 ,(        
,evangeli/a1 ! second bro!r1 he rem>ks1 
t 9 ! art ( ornam5t+ & fe/oon+1 he 0    
equally +5i\s & fanciful1 at ! same "t  
giv+ him a high rank 9 o!r bran*es (    
pa9t+2 ?\gh x is to be regrett$ t he did
 n po9t out any ( 8 productions4        
,aurelio ,lu9i is frequ5tly prais$ 9 !  
same "w1 z well z 9 ! ,teatro1 = 8 k (  
anatomy1 & = 8 skill 9 l&scape &        
p]spective4 ,he is subsequ5tly introduc$
 9 ! ,treatise ^u ,pa9t+1 among ! mo/   
celebrat$ arti/s ( ,milan :o !n fl\ri%$1
 z a successful rival ( ,polidoro's     
/yle1 ( :i* a specim5 is prais$1 consi/+
 ( a l>ge fresco1 on ! facade ( !       
,mis]icordia4 ,aft] ! lapse ( two       
c5turies1 ,bianconi has writt5 ( him ) m
 fre$om1 decl>+1 t ?\gh ! son1 he 0 n ! 
foll[] ( ,b]n>d9o1 ! purity ( ^: /yle he
 0 f> f atta9+4 ,&1 9 tru?1 if we except

 8 composition1 !re is n mu* calculat$  
to please 9 ?is arti/4 ,we may1 inde$1  
(t5 trace ! pat]nal mann]1 mu*          
det]iorat$ h[ev]1 & ta9t$ ) mann]ism2 8 
ideas are common1 8 attitudes less      
natural1 ! folds ( 8 drap]y are m9ute1 &
 drawn 9 a me*anical mann]4 ,?is "*     
prevails 9 "s g5u9e pieces ( 8 t ,i h   
se52 among :i* is "o 9 ! ,melzi         
,collection1 ) 8 "n & ! date ( #aegj4   
,o!rs1 h[ev]1 :i* ,i h exam9$ at ,milan1
 are 9 a bett] ta/e1 especially at ,s4  
,lor5zo1 :]e an alt>-piece ) ! ,baptism 
( ,*ri/1 is ascrib$ to him1 t w\ld h    
done cr$it to ,b]n>d9o4 ,aurelio        
in/ruct$ 9 ! art ,pietro ,gnoc*i2 &1 if 
,i mi/ake n1 he 0 surpass$ by 8 pupil1  
bo? 9 selection & 9 good ta/e4 ,a       
,pietro ,lu9i1 hav+ ! reputation ( a s(t
 & accurate h&1 & e/eem$ ! la/ ( !      
,lu9i1 be+ admitt$ 9 hi/ory1 ,i d\bt    
:e!r he be n ! ,pietro ( :om we "h      
treat1 occasionally surnam$ f ! h\se ( 8
 ma/]1 z we f9d 9 ! case ( ,porta1 &    
o!rs ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,to him 0      

ascrib$ ! ,s4 ,pietro1 pa9t$ = ,s4      
,vittore1 se5 9 ! act ( receiv+ ! ,keys2
 b 9 ! ,new ,guide x is correctly giv5  
to ! h& ( ,gnoc*i4  ,hav+ ?us %ewn1 z 9 
a family tree1 ! regul> successors (    
,leon>do at ,milan1 we mu/ prep>e to    
exam9e ! o!r s*ool1 t traces its orig9  
to ,foppa1 & o!r arti/s ( ! f\rte5?     
c5tury1 :o are m5tion$ 9 _! place4 ,x is
 n to be conf\nd$ ) t ( ,v9ci1 & is     
sep>ately consid]$ by writ]s on !       
subject1 ?\gh x is kn[n to h d]iv$ great
 advantage f 8 models1 &1 ,i believe1 f 
8 disc\rse1 inasmu* z he is all[$1 l    
,raffaello1 to h be5 extremely c\rte\s &
 agreeable 9 8 reception ( e "o1 & 9    
communicat+ 8 k to all :o desir$ x )\t  
any feel+ ( jeal\sy4 ,if we take ! pa9s 
to exam9e ,bramant9o & ! re/ ( !        
,milanese arti/s1 subsequ5t to ! middle 
( ! sixte5? c5tury1 we %all f9d !m all m
 or less imitators ( ,v9ci1 aim+ at 8   
mode ( *i>oscuro & 8 expression1 r d>k 9
 _! complexions1 & addict$ to col\r r ) 
=ce ?an ) am5ity4 ,!y are1 h[ev]1 less  

/udi\s ( ideal beauty1 less noble 9 _!  
conceptions1 less exquisite 9 _! ta/e1 )
 ! exception ( ,gaud5zio1 :o 9 e ?+     
rivals ! fir/ arti/s ( 8 age2 & he is ! 
only "o ( ! anci5t s*ool :o inculcat$   
its maxims by tea*+ z well z by example4
  ,gaud5zio ,f]r>i da ,valdugia is call$
 by ,vas>i ,gaud5zio ,milanese4 ,we     
m5tion$ him among ,raffaello's          
assi/ants1 ref]r+ to ! acc\nt ( ,orl&i1 
:o gives him z a pupil to ,pietro       
,p]ug9o1 & notic+ c]ta9 pictures t are  
attribut$ to him 9 l[] ,italy4 ,b 9 ^?  
p>ts1 :]e he only t>ri$ a %ort "t1 or   
attempt$ "s new me?od1 he c sc>cely be  
recogniz$1 ! in=mation reg>d+ x be+ v   
d\btful1 :i* w be fur!r %ewn "u !       
,f]r>ese ,s*ool4 ,9 ,lomb>dy we may n[  
treat ( him ) m c]ta9ty1 _m ( 8 works   
be+ met )1 & _m p>ticul>s ( him f ! p5 (
 ,lomazzo1 8 successor 9 ! art1 z we    
%all %ortly %ew4 ,he m5tions ,scotto z 8
 ma/]1 & next to him ,lu9i2 & t previ\s 
to ei!r ( ^! he /udi$ ) ,giovanone1 is a
 curr5t tradition at ,v]celli4 ,nov>a is

 ?\ght to be 9 possession ( "o ( 8 fir/ 
pa9t+s1 an alt>-piece ) v>i\s divisions 
at ! ca!dral1 9 ! ta/e ( ! f\rte5?      
c5tury1 & ) ! gilt decorations !n s mu* 
9 reque/4 ,v]celli possesses at ,s4     
,m>co 8 copy ( ! c>toon ( ,s4 ,anna1 to 
:i* are add$ ! figures ( ,s4 ,joseph &  
"s o!r sa9ts4 ,x is a y\?ful production1
 b :i* %ews ,gaud5zio to h be5 an e>ly  
imitator ( ,v9ci1 f :om1 says ,vas>i1 he
 d]iv$ great assi/ance4 ,he w5t "y to   
,rome1 :]e he is said to h be5 employ$  
by ,raffaello1 & acquir$ a m enl>g$     
mann] ( design1 & great] beauty ( col\r+
 ?an _h be5 practis$ by ! ,milanese     
arti/s4 ,lomazzo1 aga9/ ! op9ion (      
,scannelli1 ranks him among ! sev5      
greate/ pa9t]s 9 ! _w1 among :om he err$
 9 n includ+ ,coreggio4 ,= :oev] w      
comp>e ! cupola ( ,s4 ,giovanni at ,p>ma
 ) t ( ,s4 ,m>ia ne> ,s>ono1 pa9t$ by   
,gaud5zio ab\t ! same p]iod1 mu/ admit t
 !re are a v>iety ( beauties 9 ! =m]1 we
 may 9 va9 seek = 9 ! latt]4 ,al?\gh we 
mu/ admit t x ab\nds ) f9e1 v>i$1 & well

 express$ figures1 yet ,gaud5zio w be   
f\nd 9 ?is1 z 9 "s o!r ( 8 works1 to    
reta9 traces ( ! old /yle2 su* z a      
degree ( h>%ness2 too uni=m a           
disposition ( 8 figures2 8 drap]ies1    
p>ticul>ly ( 8 angels1 "s ( !m drawn 9  
l9es l ,mantegna's2 ) figures           
occasionally reliev$ 9 /ucco1 & !n      
col\r$1 a practice he obs]v$ also 9 8   
trapp+s ( horses1 z well z 9 o!r        
access>ies 9 ! mann] ( ,montorfano4  ,) 
! exception ( ^! defects1 :i* he :olly  
avoid$ 9 8 m f9i%$ pieces1 ,gaud5zio mu/
 be pron\nc$ a v great pa9t]1 & "o :o   
approa*$ ne>e/ ( any among ,raffaello's 
assi/ants to ,p]9o & to ,giulio ,romano4
 ,he displays also a va/ fund ( ideas1  
?\gh ( an opposite ca/1 ,giulio hav+    
frequ5tly direct$ 8 g5ius to pr(ane &   
lic5ti\s subjects1 :ile ! =m] conf9$    
himself to sacr$ compositions4 ,he      
appe>s truly unequall$ 9 8 expression ( 
! div9e maje/y1 ! my/]ies ( religion1 & 
all ! feel+s ( piety1 ( :i* he himself  
(f]$ a laudable example1 receiv+ ! title

 ( ,eximie pius 9 "o ( ! ,nov>ese       
assemblies4 ,he 0 excell5t 9 /rong      
expression2 n t he aim$ at exhibit+     
highly wr\ght muscul> p[]s1 b 8         
attitudes 71 z ,vas>i entitles !m1 wild1
 t is1 equally bold & t]rible :]e 8     
subjects admitt$ ( !m4 ,su* is ! "* ( 8 
,*ri/'s ,passion1 at ! ,grazie 9 ,milan1
 :]e ,titian 0 8 competitor2 & 8 ,fall (
 ,s4 ,paul1 at ! ,conv5tual fri>s 9     
,v]celli1 a picture approa*+ ! ne>e/ (  
any to t ( ,mi*elangiolo 9 ! ,paul9e    
*apel4 ,9 ! re/ ( 8 pictures he %ews    
great p>tiality = ! mo/ difficult       
=e%ort5+s1 :i* he introduces v          
frequ5tly4 ,if he fails 9 rea*+ !       
peculi> grace & beauty ( ,raffaello1 he 
at lea/ greatly p>takes ( t "*1 z we    
obs]ve 9 8 ,s4 ,cri/(oro1 at ,v]celli1  
:]e1 9 addition to ! picture ( ! titul> 
sa9t1 he pa9t$ ^u ! walls v>i\s hi/ories
 ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 & o!rs ( ,m>y ,magdal54
 ,9 ?is great "w he appe>s m p]haps ?an 
9 any o!r1 9 ! "* ( a beautiful pa9t]1  
pres5t+ u ) ! mo/ lovely heads1 & )     

angels z lively 9 _! =ms z spirit$ 9 _! 
attitudes4 ,i h he>d x prais$ z 8       
ma/]piece1 ?\gh ,lomazzo & ! au?or ( !  
,guide bo? agree 9 ass]t+ t ! mann] he  
adopt$ 9 ! ,sepolcro ( ,v>allo surpass$ 
all he _h else:]e produc$4  ,if we      
exam9e into fur!r p>ticul>s ( 8 /yle1 we
 %all f9d ,f]r>i's w>m & lively col\r+ s
 sup]ior to t ( ! ,milanese arti/s ( 8  
day1 t !re is no difficulty 9 recogniz+ 
x 9 ! *ur*es :]e he pa9t$2 ! eye ( !    
spectator is directly attract$ t[>ds x2 
8 c>nations are natural1 & v>i$ accord+ 
to ! subjects2 8 drap]ies display mu*   
fancy & orig9ality1 z v>i$ z ! art v>ies
 its drap]ies2 ) middle t9ts1 bl5d$ s   
skilfully z to equal ! mo/ beautiful    
produc$ by any o!r arti/4 ,& if we may s
 say1 he repres5t$ ! m9ds ev5 bett] ?an 
! =ms ( 8 subjects4 ,he p>ticul>ly /udi$
 ?is bran* ( ! art1 & we seldom obs]ve m
 m>k$ attitudes or m expressive         
c\nt5ances4 ,:]e he adds l&scape or     
ar*itecture to 8 figures1 ! =m] *iefly  
consi/s ( v fanciful views ( cliffs &   

rocks1 :i* are calculat$ to *>m by _!   
novelty2 :ile 8 edifices are conduct$ on
 ! pr9ciples ( ! be/ p]spective4 ,z     
,lomazzo1 h[ev]1 has dwelt s mu* at l5g?
 on 8 admirable skill bo? 9 pa9t+ &     
modell+1 x w\ld be idle to insi/ ^u x   
fur!r4 ,b ,i ought to add1 t x is a     
great reflection ^u ,vas>i t he did n   
bett] "k1 or bett] e/imate su* an arti/2
 s t =eign]s1 :o =m _! op9ions only f   
hi/ory1 are left unacqua9t$ ) 8 m]it1 & 
h uni=mly neglect$ to d him ju/ice 9 _! 
writ+s4  ,f]r>i's disciples = a long    
p]iod ma9ta9$ ! mann] ( _! ma/]1 ! fir/ 
9 succession ) m fidelity ?an ! second  
class1 & ! second ?an ! ?ird4 ,! *ief "p
 7 m eag] to imitate 8 expression & 8   
facility ?an ! elegance ( 8 design &    
col\r+1 ev5 s f> z to fall into ! bord]+
 errors ( neglig5ce & ( c>icature4 ,!   
less celebrat$ s*ol>s ( ,gaud5zio 7     
,antonio ,lanetti da ,bugnato1 ( :om ,i 
"k ( no rema9+ g5u9e production2 ,f]mo  
,/ella da ,c>avaggio1 & ,giulio ,ces>e  
,lu9i ,valsesiano1 :o are /ill to be met

 ) 9 "s ( ! *apels at ,v>allo4 ,lomazzo1
 9 ! ?irty-sev5? *apt] ( 8 ,treatise1   
besides ,lan9o1 to come %ortly "u       
consid]ation1 m5tions1 z imitators (    
,gaud5zio1 ,b]n>do ,f]r>i ( ,vigevano1  
:]e two sides ( ! ca!dral organ are     
pa9t$ by 8 h&2 & ,&rea ,sol>i1 or del   
,gobbo1 or ,milanese1 z he is call$ by  
,vas>i at ! close ( 8 life ( ,coreggio1 
9 ^: age he fl\ri%$4 ,he says he 0 a v  
excell5t & beautiful pa9t]1 & atta*$ to 
! lab\rs ( ! art1 adduc+ "s ( 8 pictures
 9 private1 & an ,assumption at !       
,c]tosa 9 ,pavia1 9 :i* ,torre 7p4 #ach7
 gives him ,sala9o z a companion4 ,8 two
 mo/ di/+ui%$ pupils 7 ,gio4 ,bati/a    
della ,c]va & ,b]n>d9o ,lan9o1 f :om    
sprung two bran*es ( ! same s*ool1 !    
,milanese & t ( ,v]celli4  ,c]va took up
 8 abode at ,milan1 & if he pa9t$ e     
picture l t :i* adorns ,san ,lor5zo1    
repres5t+ ! ,app>ition ( ,jesus ,*ri/ to
 ,s4 ,?omas & ! o!r ,apo/les1 he is     
entitl$ to rank ) ! fir/ ( 8 s*ool1 su* 
is ! *oice & spirit$ "* ( ! heads1 su* !

 w>m? & di/ribution ( 8 col\r+1 & s     
truly noble & h>moni\s is its effect z a
 :ole4 ,he mu/ h be5 deeply v]s$ 9 !    
art1 ?\gh we possess no m ( 8 public    
works1 z he became ! ma/] ( ,gio4 ,paolo
 ,lomazzo ( ,milan1 :o acquir$ f him !  
maxims he aft]w>ds publi%$ 9 8 ,treatise
 ^u ,pa9t+ 9 #aehd1 & :i* he cond5s$ 9 8
 ,idea ( ! ,temple ( ,pa9t+1 pr9t$ 9    
#aeij1 to say no?+ ( 8 v]ses1 = ! mo/ "p
 connect$ ) ! same pr(ession4  ,9 8     
acc\nt ( ?is writ] ,orl&i ins]t$ sev]al 
errone\s epo*s ( 8 life1 subsequ5tly    
cle>$ up by ,bianconi1 :o fixes t ( 8   
loss ( sight ab\t #aega1 9 ! ?irty-?ird 
ye> ( 8 age4 ,until ?is mis=tune he _h  
cont9u$ to cultivate all ! k he c\ld    
d]ive f ^? times1 :i* inde$ 9 c]ta9     
bran*es are 9 "s measure und]valu$4 ,he 
took a t\r ?r\gh ,italy1 atta*+ himself 
to polite lett]s & to ! sci5ces1 = :i*  
he indulg$ su* an en?usiasm1 9 8 ill    
plac$ ambition to appe> a philosoph]1   
a/rolog]1 & ma!matician1 t he treat$    
matt]s ev5 ! mo/ obvi\s 9 an ab/ruse &  

(t5 false mann]1 z mi/ak5 z ! pr9ciples 
( ! curr5t a/rology itself4 ,?is defect 
is v p]ceptible 9 8 l>g] "w1 ?\gh be+   
disp]s$ scantily "h & !re1 x is ! m     
easily excus$4 ,b x is m s]i\s 9 8      
comp5dium1 or ,idea ( ! ,temple (       
,pa9t+1 :]e x is pres5t$ to u 9 a po9t (
 view truly repugnant to common s5se4   
,:il/ engag$ 9 tea*+ an art :i* consi/s 
9 design+ & col\r+ well1 he flies f     
planet to planet2 to ea* ( ! sev5       
pa9t]s1 :om he calls pr9cipals1 he      
assigns "o ( ^! cele/ial bodies1 &      
aft]w>ds "o ( ! metals to correspond4   
,extravagant z ?is idea is1 he gave     
scope to /ill m /range fancies2 s t )   
?is me?od1 comb9$ ) a mo/ fatigu+       
prolixity1 & ! want ( an exact index1 8 
treatises h be5 little read4 ,x w\ld be 
well wor? :ile to re-model ?is "w1 & to 
sep>ate ! fruit f ! husk1 z x ab\nds n  
only ) mu* pleas+ hi/orical in=mation1 b
 ) ! be/ !ories ( art he>d f ! lips ( ^?
 :o knew bo? ,leon>do & ,gaud5zio1 z    
well z ) excell5t obs]vations ^u !      

practice ( ! be/ ma/]s1 & mu* critical k
 relat+ to ! my?ology1 hi/ory1 & cu/oms 
( ! anci5ts4 ,8 rules ( p]spective are  
p>ticul>ly valuable4 ,!y 7 compil$ f !  
,,mss4 ( ,foppa1 ( ,z5ale1 ( ,mantegna1 
& ( ,v9ci1 7,tratt4 p4 #bfd72 9 addition
 to :i* he has pres]v$ "s fragm5ts (    
,bramant9o1 :o 0 extremely +5i\s 9 ?is  
art1 7p4 #bgf74 ,by ^! qualities1 unit$ 
to a c]ta9 ease ( /yle1 n s agreeable   
p]haps z t ( ,vas>i1 yet n s my/]i\s &  
obscure z t ( ,zucc>o1 nor s mean z t ( 
,bos*9i1 ! treatise ( ,lomazzo is des]v+
 ( att5tion1 ev5 f confess$ ma/]s1 & (  
_! selection ( "s ( ! be/ *apt]s = !    
b5efit ( _! olde/ pupils4 ,i "k ( no o!r
 bett] adapt$ to furni% y\?ful g5ius )  
f9e pictoric ideas on e !me1 none m     
likely to atta* him1 & to in/ruct him h[
 to treat que/ions ^u anci5t art1 none t
 displays a m ext5sive acqua9tance ) !  
human he>t--:at are its passions1 & by  
:at signs !y are manife/$1 & h[ !y      
assume a diff]5t dress 9 diff]5t        
c\ntries1 ) _! appropriate limits2 & no 

writ]1 f9ally1 includes1 9 a s+le       
volume1 m useful precepts = ! =mation ( 
a reflect+ arti/1 a f9e reason]1 9 a _s 
cong5ial to ,v9ci1 at once ! fa!r ( !   
,milanese ,s*ool1 & ,i may add (        
pictoric philosophy1 :i* consi/s 9 s\nd 
reflection ^u ea* bran* ( ! pr(ession4  
,none ( ,lomazzo's pa9t+s are d\btful1 z
 ! au?or has celebrat$ 8 own life &     
works 9 c]ta9 v]ses1 compos$1 z ,i h    
reason to ?9k1 to beguile ! t$ium ( h\rs
 :olly pass$ 9 d>kness1 & :i* he entitl$
 ,grottes*i4#eg ,8 fir/ ef=ts1 z 9 all  
in/ances1 are feeble1 ( :i* k9d is 8    
copy ( ,v9ci's ,supp]1 :i* may be se5 at
 ! ,pace4 ,9 8 o!rs we trace ! h& ( a   
ma/] eag] to put 8 maxims into          
execution1 & :o succe$s m or less       
happily4 ,"o ( ! mo/ fundam5tal ( ^! 0  
to consid] z dang]\s ! imitation ( o!r  
arti/s1 :e!r tak5 f pa9t+s or engrav+s4 
,x is cont5d$ t an arti/ %\ld aim at    
becom+ orig9al1 =m+ ! :ole ( 8          
composition 9 8 own m9d1 & copy+ !      
individual portions f nature & f tru?4  

,?is precept1 fir/ d]iv$ f ,gaud5zio1 0 
put 9 =ce bo? by ,lomazzo & o!rs ( 8 own
 "t4 ,9 8 pictures we may always discov]
 "s orig9al traits1 z 9 t at ,s4        
,m>co's1 :]e1 in/ead ( putt+ ! keys 9 ! 
h&s ( ,s4 ,pet]1 accord+ to ! usual     
cu/om1 he repres5ts ! ,holy ,*ild (f]+  
!m to him 9 a playful attitude4 ,8      
novelty appe>s /ill m conspicu\s 9 8    
l>ge hi/ories1 su* z 8 ,sacrifice (     
,mel*is$e*1 9 ! libr>y ( ! ,passione1 a 
picture ab\nd+ ) figures1 9 :i* ! k (   
anatomy is equal to ! novelty ( !       
drap]y1 & ! animation ( ! col\rs to t ( 
! attitudes4 ,he has add$ to x a combat 
9 ! di/ance1 well conceiv$1 & 9 good    
p]spective4 ,i h se5 no o!r pa9t+ ( 8 t 
displays m k4 ,9 o!r in/ances he is     
confus$ & ov]load$1 sometimes also      
extravagant1 z 9 t gr& fresco pa9t$ = ! 
refectory ( ,s4 ,ago/9o at ,piac5za1 or 
z x is call$ ( ! ,roc*ett9i1 :i*        
repres5ts ! subject ( ! ,=ty ,days'     
,fa/4 ,?is is an ideal fea/ ( meagre    
meats1 :]e ! sov]eigns are se5 9 diff]5t

 seats 7"s ( !m portraits ( ! age71 )   
lords ( rank fea/+ at a spl5did banquet 
( fi%1 :ile ! poor are dev\r+ su* food z
 !y h1 & a gre$y man is /ruggl+ ) a huge
 m\?ful /ick+ 9 8 ?roat4 ,! ,"l blesses 
! table1 & above is se5 ! %eet :i* 0    
%ewn 9 a vision to ,s4 ,pet]4 ,x is a   
gr& picture1 calculat$ to surprise ! eye
 by ! exactness ) :i* ! p>ticul> p>ts   
are copi$ f nature1 & ) a delicacy t    
,girup5o ass]ts 0 unequall$ ev5 by      
,lomazzo 9 ! works he execut$ at ,milan4
 ,b x is n happy z a :ole2 ! canvass is 
too full1 & !re is a mixture ( sacr$ &  
burlesque subjects1 f scripture & f !   
tav]n1 t _c be reconcil$ or approv$4    
,footnote #eg3 ,c !re be any d\bt :e!r  
he 0 bl9d or      n1 :5 he wrote !      
foll[+ v]ses3--       ,qu9di &ai a      
,piac5za1 et ivi fei      ,nel refetorio
 di ,sant',ago/9o      ,la facciata con 
tal hi/oria p9ta4      ,da lontan evvi  
,pi]o 9 orazione      ,*e v$e giu dal   
ciel un gran l5zuolo      ,sc5d] pi5    
d'animai piccioli e gr&i      ,onde la  

,quadragesma fu introdotta1 c4  ,lomazzo
 gives ! names ( two ,milanese z 8      
pupils1 ,cri/(oro ,ciocca & ,ambrogio   
,fig9o4 ,he c\ld n long h af=d$ !m 8    
in/ructions1 z at ! p]iod :5 he wrote 8 
treatise1 be+ !n bl9d1 !y 7 bo? /ill 9  
e>ly y\?4 ,he comm5ds !m = _! portraits1
 & ! fir/ w\ld appe> nev] to h be5 an   
able compos]1 hav+ left1 p]haps1 no o!r 
pieces 9 public1 except 8 hi/ories ( ,s4
 ,cri/(oro1 at ,s4 ,vittore al ,corpo1  
by no means excell5t4 ,fig9o succe$$ no 
less admirably 9 portraits1 :i* he pa9t$
 also = pr9ces1 ) high comm5dation f !  
,cav4 ,m>9o1 ?an 9 l>ge compositions    
almo/ always execut$ 9 oil1 & m di/+ui%$
 by ! excell5ce ?an by ! numb] ( !      
figures4 ,"s ( 8 pictures1 z 8 ,s4      
,ambrogio1 at ,s4 ,au/orgio1 or 8 ,s4   
,matteo1 at ,s4 ,raffaello1 ?\gh pres5t+
 few figures1 fail n to please by !     
gr&eur ( "* express$ 9 ! faces ( ^?     
sa9ts2 nor has any o!r arti/ ( ,milan   
approa*$ 9 ?is art ne>] to ,gaud5zio :o 
left su* noble examples 9 8 ,s4         

,girolamo & ,s4 ,paolo4 ,9 works ( a    
l>g] scale1 su* z 8 ,assumption at ,s4  
,f$ele1 & ! v elegant ,concezione at ,s4
 ,antonio1 he also excels4 ,8 me?od is  
describ$ by 8 preceptor1 9 8 ,treatise1 
7p4 #dch74 ,he propos$ = 8 imitation !  
lights & ! accuracy ( ,leon>do1 !       
dignity ( ,raffaello1 ,coreggio's       
col\r+1 & ! outl9es ( ,mi*elangiolo4 ,( 
! la/ 9 p>ticul> he 0 "o ( ! mo/        
successful imitators 9 8 designs1 :i*   
are consequ5tly 9 ! highe/ repute2 b    
indep5d5t ( :i* he is little kn[n1 ei!r 
9 collections or 9 hi/ory1 fur!r ?an    
,milan4 ,?is arti/ mu/ n be mi/ak5 =    
,girolamo ,fig9o1 8 contempor>y1 a v    
able pa9t]1 & an exact m9iaturi/1 if we 
are to cr$it ,morigia4 ,!re is also     
rank$1 among ,lomazzo's disciples1 a    
,pietro ,m>tire ,/resi1 :o acquir$ "s   
reputation by 8 copies f ,raffaello4  ,!
 o!r bran* ( ,gaud5zio's s*ool1 be=e    
m5tion$1 sprung f ,b]n>d9o ,lan9i (     
,v]celli1 :o !re produc$ "s excell5t    
e>ly imitations ( ! /yle ( ,gaud5zio1 8 

ma/]4 ,at ,s4 ,giuliano !re is a ,pieta1
 ) ! date ( #aedg1 :i* might be ascrib$ 
to ,gaud5zio1 _h n ! "n ( ,b]n>d9o be5  
affix$4 ,x is ! same ) 8 o!r pictures1  
execut$ at 8 native place1 :5 /ill "y1 &
 p]haps ! *ief di/9ction consi/s 9 8    
inf]ior accuracy ( design1 & less =ce ( 
*i>oscuro4 ,at a rip] age he pa9t$ ) m  
fre$om1 & a good deal 9 ! mann] ( !     
naturali/s1 rank+ among ! fir/ 9 ,milan4
 ,he _h a v lively g5ius bo? = conceiv+ 
& execut+1 & adapt$ l t ( ,f]r>i = noble
 hi/ories4 ,! "o ( ,s4 ,ca!r9e1 9 ! *ur*
 ( t "n1 ne> ,s4 ,celso1 is greatly     
celebrat$1 & ! m s1 f :at ,lomazzo has  
said ( x1 be+ full ( pictoric _s 9 !    
features & ! attitudes1 ) col\r+ l      
,titian's1 & embu$ ) grace1 no less 9 ! 
face ( ! sa9t1 :i* p>takes ( ,guido1 ?an
 9 ! *oir ( angels1 :i* rivals ^? (     
,gaud5zio4 ,if !re be any portion       
defici5t1 x is 9 ! want ( m c>e 9       
arrang+ 8 drap]y4 ,he 0 mu* employ$1 bo?
 = ! city & ! /ate1 p>ticul>ly at !     
ca!dral ( ,nov>a1 :]e he pa9t$ 8        

,sibyllo1 & 8 ,padre ,et]no1 s greatly  
admir$ by ,lomazzo2 besides sev]al      
hi/ories ( ! ,virg91 :i* ?\gh n[ depriv$
 ( _! col\r1 /ill attract u by ! _s &   
cle>ness ( ! design4 ,he 0 sometimes    
fond ( display+ ! mann] ( ,v9ci1 z 9 8  
picture ( ! ,pati5t ,*ri/1 betwe5 two   
angels1 pa9t$ = ! *ur* ( ,ambrogio2 s   
complete 9 e "p1 s beautiful &          
devotional1 comb9$ ) s f9e a relief1 z  
to be e/eem$ "o ( ! mo/ excell5t        
productions t adorn t *ur*4  ,b]n>d9o _h
 two bro!rs1 n kn[n beyond ,v]celli2    
,gaud5zio1 ( :om !re is said to be an   
alt>-piece 9 ! ,sacri/y ( ! ,padri      
,b>nabiti repres5t+ ! ,virg9 betwe5     
v>i\s sa9ts2 & 8 second bro!r ,girolamo1
 f ^: h& ,i h se5 a ,desc5t f ! ,cross1 
belong+ to a private individual4 ,bo?   
display "s di/ant resemblance to        
,b]n>d9o 9 ! natural expression ( !     
c\nt5ances1 ! =m] also 9 ! =ce ( 8      
col\r+1 ?\gh alike greatly inf]ior 9    
design4 ,?ree o!r ,giov5oni1 subsequ5t  
to ,girolamo1 fl\ri%$ ab\t ! p]iod (    

,lan9i1 ^: names 7 ,paolo1 ,bati/a1 &   
,giuseppe2 ! la/ became an excell5t     
portrait-pa9t]4 ,he 0 bro!r-9-law to    
,lan9i1 two ( ^: sons-9-law 7 likewise  
good arti/s2 ,sol]i1 :om ,i res]ve = !  
s*ool ( ,pi$mont1 & ,gio4 ,m>t9o ,casa1 
a native ( ,v]celli1 :o resid$1 h[ev]1  
at ,milan1 :5ce ,i obta9$ my in=mation4 
,p]haps ! la/ 9 ! li/ ( ?is s*ool 0     
,vicolungo di ,v]celli4 ,9 a private    
h\se at t place1 ,i saw 8 ,supp] (      
,bel%azz>1 tol]ably well col\r$1 ab\nd+ 
) figures1 extravagant drap]y1 poor     
ideas1 & no way calculat$ to surprise1  
except by exhibit+ ! successors (       
,raffaello r$uc$ ?us gradually to s mean
 a /ate4  ,good l&scape pa9t]s 7 n want+
 9 ?is happy epo* 9 ,milan1 p>ticul>ly 9
 ! s*ool ( ,b]nazzano1 _! productions   
appe>+ 9 sev]al collections1 ?\gh _!    
names are unkn[n4 ,to ?is li/ p]haps    
belongs ! ,francesco ,vic5t9o1 a        
,milanese s mu* comm5d$ by ,lomazzo1 :o1
 9 a l&scape1 succe$$ ev5 9 %ew+ ! du/  
bl[n ab\t by ! w9d4 ,he 0 also a good   

figure-pa9t]1 ( :i* a few f9e specim5s  
rema9 at ! ,grazie & o!r *ur*es4 ,"s    
ornam5tal pa9t]s & ( grotesques we h    
already notic$1 to :i* li/ we may add   
,aurelio ,buso1 m5tion$ ) praise among !
 native ,v5etian arti/s1 & "h aga9 ju/ly
 record$ = 8 lab\rs4 ,v9c5zio           
,lavizz>io1 an excell5t portrait-pa9t]1 
may be e/eem$ ! ,titian ( ! ,milanese1  
to ^: "n we may unite t ( ,gio4 da      
,monte ( ,crema1 treat$ 9 ! prec$+ book1
 & des]v+ ( repetition "h4 ,along ) him 
fl\ri%$ ,giuseppe ,arcimboldi1 select$ =
 8 skill 9 portrait1 z ! c\rt-pa9t] (   
,maximilian ,,ii41 9 :i* (fice he       
cont9u$ also "u ! emp]or ,rodolph4 ,bo? 
^! arti/s 7 mu* celebrat$ = ^? capricci1
 or fancy pieces1 :i* aft]w>ds fell into
 disuse4 ,at a di/ance !y appe>$ to be  
figures ( m5 & wom52 b on a ne>] view ! 
,flora disappe>$ 9 a heap ( fl[]s &     
leaves1 & ! ,v]tumnus 0 metamorphos$    
into a composition ( fruits & foliage4  
,nor did ^! fanciful arti/s conf9e      
!mselves to subjects tak5 f anci5t      

fable2 !y add$ o!rs 9 :i* !y poetically 
introduc$ v>i\s p]sonifications4 ,! =m] 
ev5 repres5t$ ,cuc9a1 ) h] head & limbs 
compos$ only ( pots & pans & o!r kit*5  
ut5sils2 :ile ! latt]1 :o acquir$ great 
cr$it f ^! /range inv5tions1 produc$ a  
picture ( ,agriculture1 consi/+ (       
spades1 pl\ghs1 & scy!s1 ) o!r          
appropriate implem5ts4  ,we h la/ly to  
record an art connect$ ) ! inf]ior      
bran*es ( pa9t+1 sc>cely notic$ by me 9 
any o!r place1 be+1 inde$1 purposely    
res]v$ = ! ,milanese ,s*ool1 :]e x m    
p>ticul>ly fl\ri%$4 ,?is is ! art (     
embroid]+1 n m]ely fl[]s & foliage1 b   
ext5sive hi/ory & figure-pieces4 ,x _h  
cont9u$ f ! "t ( ! ,romans 9 ,italy1 &  
!re is a v valuable specim5 rema9+ 9 ! s
 call$ ,casula ,dittica1 at ! ,museo di 
,classe at ,rav5na1 or m prop]ly "s     
/rips ( x brocad$ ) gold1 on :i*1 9     
ne$lework1 appe> ! portraits ( ,z5one1  
,montano1 & o!r sa9tly bi%ops4 ,x is a  
monum5t ( ! six? c5tury1 & has be5      
describ$ by ! ,ab4 ,s>ti1 & aft]w>ds by 

,monsig4 ,dionisi4 ,! same cu/om (      
embroid]+ sacr$ walls ) figures w\ld    
appe>1 f ! anci5t pictures1 to h cont9u$
 dur+ ! d>k ages1 & !re are yet "s      
relics to be se5 9 "s ( our ,sacri/ies4 
,! mo/ entire are at ,s4 ,niccolo       
,collegiata 9 ,fabriano1 consi/+ ( a    
prie/'s cope1 ) figures ( apo/les &     
diff]5t sa9ts2 & a ve/m5t ) my/]ies ( ! 
passion1 work$ 9 embroid]y1 ) ! dry &   
co>se design ( ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,9     
,vas>i we f9d frequ5t m5tion ( ?is art2 
&1 to say no?+ ( ! anci5ts1 he pres5ts u
 ) _m names greatly di/+ui%$ 9 x 9 m    
cultivat$ ages3 su* z ,paolo da ,v]ona1 
& "o ,niccolo ,v5eziano1 :o be+ 9 !     
s]vice ( ! ,pr9ce ,doria1 at ,g5oa1     
introduc$ ,p]9 del ,vaga at t c\rt1 z   
well z ,antonio ,ub]t9i1 a ,flor5t9e1 to
 :om we allud$ "u 8 own s*ool4  ,lomazzo
 traces ! acc\nt ( ! ,milanese f !      
e>lie/ p]iod4 ,luca ,s*iavone1 he       
obs]ves1 c>ri$ ?is bran* to ! highe/    
degree1 & communicat$ x to ,girolamo    
,delf9one1 :o fl\ri%$ 9 ! times ( ! la/ 

,duke ,s=za1 ^: portrait he execut$ 9   
embroid]y1 besides sev]al l>ge works1   
among :i* is ! life ( our lady1 work$ = 
! c>d9al ,baiosa4 ,?is skill became     
h]$it>y 9 ! family1 & ,scipione1 ! son (
 ,girolamo1 0 equally di/+ui%$4 ,8 *ases
 ( diff]5t animals 7 9 great reque/ =   
royal cab9ets1 a numb] ( !m be+ collect$
 by ,philip ( ,spa9 & ! ,engli% ,k+     
,h5ry4 ,m>cantonio1 son ( ,scipione1    
foll[$ ! g5ius ( ! family1 & is m5tion$ 
by ,lomazzo 9 #aeia z a y\? ( great     
promise4 ,?is writ] has also prais$ = h]
 skill 9 ! same l9e1 ,cat]9a ,cantona1 a
 noble ,milanese lady1 & has omitt$ ! "n
 ( ,pellegr9i1 ! ,m9]va ( h] "t1 only   
p]haps because %e _h !n h>dly become    
celebrat$4 ,o!r individuals ( ?is h\se  
are m5tion$ 9 ! li/ ( arti/s4 ,&rea1 :o 
pa9t$ 9 ! *oir ( ,s4 ,girolamo1 & a     
,pellegr9o 8 c\s91 celebrat$ 9 ! hi/ory 
( ,palom9o = 8 productions 9 !          
,escurial1 & be+ bo? ar*itect & pa9t] to
 ! royal c\rt4 ,! lady ( :om ,i write1  
h[ f> relat$ to !m ,i "k n1 devot$      

h]self :olly to h] ne$le1 & by h] h& 7  
embroid]$ ! great pallium 7ve/m5t7 & o!r
 sacr$ furniture1 /ill pres]v$ 9 !      
sacri/y ( ! ca!dral1 & exhibit$ to      
/rang]s ) o!r curi\s specim5s ( anci5t  
le>n+ & ! arts4 ,9 ! ,guide = #aghc1 %e 
is call$ ,antonia1 & 9 t = #aghg        
,lodovica1 unless1 inde$1 !y 7 two      
diff]5t p]sons4 ,9 ! foll[+ age ,bos*9i 
m5tion$1 ) high comm5dation1 ! unrivall$
 ,doro!a ,aromat>i1 :o1 he adds1 produc$
 ) h] ne$le all ^? beauties :i* ! f9e/ &
 mo/ dilig5t arti/s exhibit$ ) _! p5cil4
 ,to h]s he unites ) praise ! names ( "s
 o!r female embroid]]s ( ! age2 & we1 9 
m5tion+ t ( ,arcangela ,palad9i1 _h     
occasion to comm5d h] pa9t+s & h]       
ne$lework at ! same "t4     ,,s*ool ,,( 
,,milan4     ,,epo* ,,iii4       ,!     
,procacc9i & o!r =eign & native arti/s  
e/abli% a new ,academy1 ) new /yles1 9 !
 city &      /ate ( ,milan4   ,! two    
s]ies :i* we h hi!rto describ$ h        
gradually br\ght u t[>ds ! sev5te5?     
c5tury1 :5 !re sc>cely rema9$ a trace   

ei!r ( ! ,v9ci or ,gaud5zio mann]4 ,?is 
arose f _! late/ successors1 :o adopt$1 
m or less1 ^? new mann]s :i* 7 gradually
 introduc$ into ,milan at ! exp5se ( !  
anci5t /yle4 ,z e>ly z ! "t ( ,gaud5zio 
appe>$ 9 t city ! ,coronation ( ,?orns1 
pa9t$ by ,titian1 :i* 0 s greatly admir$
 t sev]al ( 8 pupils came to e/abli%    
!mselves !re1 besides o!r =eign]s4 ,"s  
un=tunate circum/ances also occurr$2    
p>ticul>ly ! plague1 :i* m ?an once1 9 !
 same c5tury1 desolat$ ! /ate1 & :i*1   
sweep+ (f native arti/s1 op5$ ! way to  
/rang]s :o succe$$ to _! commissions4   
,h5ce ,lomazzo1 at ! close ( 8 ,tempio1 
only comm5ds ?ree among ! ,milanese     
figure-pa9t]s1 :o !n fl\ri%$1 ,lu9i1    
,gnoc*i1 & ,du*9o1 ! re/ be+ all        
=eign]s4 ,! atta*m5t %ewn by sev]al     
noble families to ! arts1 conduc$ to    
invite !m ?i!r1 & 9 p>ticul> t ( !      
,borromea1 :i* pres5t$ to !             
ar*iepiscopal seat ( _! c\ntry two      
di/+ui%$ prelates1 c>d9al ,c>lo1 :o add$
 to ! numb] ( sa9ts at ! alt>1 &        

,f$]igo1 :o ne>ly atta9$ ! same hon\rs4 
,bo? 7 inspir$ by ! same _s ( religion2 
!y 7 simple 9 private1 b spl5did &      
lib]al 9 public4 ,out ( _! economy !y   
clo!d & f$ numb]s ( citiz5s1 & promot$ !
 dignity ( ! sanctu>y1 & ( _! c\ntry4   
,!y erect$ & re/or$ _m noble edifices1 &
 decorat$ ) pa9t+s a f> great] numb] bo?
 9 & beyond ! city1 insomu* z to make x 
obs]v$ t ,milan 0 no less indebt$ to !  
,borromei ?an ,flor5ce to h] ,m$ici1 or 
,mantua to h] ,gonzaghi4 ,! ,c>4        
,f$]igo1 :o receiv$ 8 education fir/ at 
,bologna1 !n at ,rome1 n only possess$ a
 decid$ incl9ation b a ta/e = ! f9e     
arts2 & he also enjoy$ a long] & m      
tranquil pontificate ?an ,c>lo1 s z to  
enable him to af=d !m sup]ior patronage4
 ,n satisfi$ ) employ+ ! able/          
ar*itects1 sculptors1 & pa9t]s 9 public 
works1 he rek9dl$1 z x 71 ! sp>k t yet  
surviv$ ( ,v9ci's academy1 in/itut+1 )  
mu* c>e & exp5se1 a new academy ( ! f9e 
arts4 ,he provid$ x ) s*ools1 ) ca/s1 & 
a v *oice picture gall]y1#eh = ! b5efit 

( ! "y /ud5ts1 tak+ advantage ( ! plan &
 rules ( ! ,roman academy1 f\nd$ a few  
ye>s be=e1 ) 8 co-op]ation4 ,! gr&      
colossal figure ( ,s4 ,c>lo reflects    
equal hon\r on ! new s*ool & on its     
f\nd]1 be+ execut$ 9 bronze f ! design (
 ,c]ani1 & exhibit$ at ,arona1 ! place  
:]e ! sa9t 0 born2 a /atue f\rte5 times 
! height ( ! human figure1 & vie+ ) !   
gr&e/ productions ( ,greek or ,egyptian 
/atu>y4 ,9 pa9t+1 h[ev]1 to say ! tru?1 
! new is n equal to ! anci5t s*ool1 ?\gh
 by no means defici5t 9 f9e arti/s1 z we
 %all %ew4 ,mean:ile we mu/ resume !    
?read ( our hi/ory1 & expla9 h[ !       
,milanese1 be+ r$uc$ to v few arti/s1   
:ile pa9t]s 7 mu* 9 reque/ = ! ornam5t (
 *ur*es & o!r public edifices1 greatly  
on ! increase1 7 sup]s$$ by =eign       
arti/s1 su* z ! ,campi1 ! ,sem9i1 !     
,procacc9i1 & ! ,nuvoloni1 :o introduc$ 
new /yles1 :ile o!rs 7 s\ght out 9 =eign
 p>ts by "s ( ! citiz5s ( ,milan1       
p>ticul>ly by ,c]ano & by ,morazzone4   
,^! became ! in/ructors ( almo/ all !   

,milanese y\?1 & ( ! /ate2 ^! comm5c+ _!
 lab\rs ab\t #aegj1 :i* !y cont9u$ until
 aft] #afjj1 at l5g? rose s sup]ior to !
 anci5t s*ools1 n s mu* 9 s\ndness (    
ta/e & maxims1 z 9 ! am5ity ( _! col\rs1
 z gradually to ext+ui% !m4 ,nor did !y 
only aim at tea*+ new /yles2 "s ( !m    
began to treat !m ) s mu* ha/e z to fall
 into mann]ism1 f :i* p]iod _! s*ool    
began to decl9e1 & appe>$ to h adopt$ z 
a maxim to praise ! !ory ( ! anci5ts1 & 
to practise ! ha/e ( ! mod]ns4 ,b let u 
return to our subject4    ,footnote #eh3
 ,he 0 "o ( ! fir/ 9 ,italy :o collect$ 
pa9t+s ( ! ,flemi% ,s*ool1 :i* 0 !n fa/ 
ris+      into reputation4 ,8 agreem5t )
 ,gio4 ,breughel /ill      exi/s1 :o    
pa9t$ = ! academic collection at ,milan 
!      ,f\r ,elem5ts1 pictures v (t5    
repeat$1 ( :i* copies      are to be se5
 9 ! royal gall]y at ,flor5ce1 9 !      
,melzi collection at ,milan1 & 9 sev]al 
at ,rome4 ,!      arti/1 :o _h great    
skill 9 draw+ fl[]s1 fruits1      h]bs1 
birds1 & animals1 ( :i* he =m$ copi\s & 

beautiful compositions1 display$ a gr&  
v>iety 9 ^!1      & 0 no less admirable 
9 8 high f9i%1 9 !      cle>ness ( 8    
col\rs1 & 9 o!r qualities :i*           
acquir$ him ! e/eem ( ! greate/ arti/s1 
among :om      ,rub5s 0 "o :o avail$    
himself ( 8 tal5ts =      l&scape1 :i*  
he introduc$ into 8 own pictures4  ,i   
m5tion$1 n f> back1 9 treat+ ( ,titian's
 disciples1 ! names ( ,calli/o da ,lodi 
& ,gio4 da ,monte1 & ,i h "h to add t ( 
,simone ,pet]zano1 or ,pret]azzano1 :o1 
on 8 ,pieta1 at ,s4 ,f$ele1 inscrib$    
himself ,titiani ,discipulus2 & 8 close 
imitation seems to confirm its tru?4 ,he
 produc$ also works 9 fresco1 &         
p>ticul>ly at ,s4 ,b>naba sev]al        
hi/ories ( ,/4 ,paul4 ,he !re appe>s to 
h aim$ at unit+ ! expression1 !         
=e%ort5+1 & ! p]spective ( ! ,milanese  
to ! col\r+ ( ! ,v5etian arti/s2 noble  
works1 if !y 7 ?or\ghly correct2 & if ! 
au?or _h be5 z excell5t 9 fresco z 9 oil
 pa9t+4 ,f ,v5ice1 or r f its ,s5ate1 we
 trace ! "n ( ,ces>e ,d&olo1 :o w5t to  

settle at ,milan1 & ^: pa9t+s adorn     
v>i\s palaces1 e/eem$ no less = _! art  
?an on acc\nt ( ! rank ( ! noble arti/4 
,! ,campi 7 among ! mo/ eag] to e/abli% 
!mselves at ,milan1 :]e !y 7 mu*        
employ$1 & ,b]n>d9o m ?an ! re/4 ,he    
pa9t$1 likewise1 9 ! adjac5t cities1 & x
 0 at t p]iod t he complet$ = ! ,c]tosa1
 at ,pavia1 ! be=e-m5tion$ alt>-piece ( 
,&rea ,sol>i1 :i*1 rema9+ unf9i%$ at 8  
dea?1 01 aft] ! lapse ( _m ye>s1        
complet$ 9 ! same /yle by ,b]n>d9o1 s z 
to appe> :olly f ! same h&4 ,unable     
alone to despat* 8 commissions1 he _h 8 
c>toons col\r$ by 8 pupils1 :o became1 l
 _! ma/]1 accurate1 precise1 & wor?y ( !
 comm5dations be/[$ ^u !m by ,lomazzo4  
,"o ( ^! 0 ,giuseppe ,m$a1 bo? pa9t] &  
ar*itect1 :o repres5t$ ^u an organ1 9 ! 
,metropolitana1 ! figure ( ,david se5   
play+ be=e ! ark4 ,?is "w is cit$ by    
,orl&i1 "u ! "n ( ,c>lo ,m$a1 :o1       
p]haps1 belong$ to ! family ( ! prec$+1 
& :o1 z /at$ 9 ! diction>y1 appe>s      
y\ng]4 ,few ( 8 o!r pictures are to be  

se51 z is obs]v$ by ,scannelli4 ,ano!r 0
 ,daniello ,cunio1 ( ,milan1 :o became a
 l&scape pa9t] ( great m]it2 p]haps a   
bro!r1 or o!r relation ( ! same ,ridolfo
 ,cunio1 :o is met ) 9 sev]al ,milanese 
collections1 & is p>ticul>ly celebrat$ =
 8 design4 ,! ?ird 0 ,c>lo ,urb9i da    
,crema1 "o ( ! lea/ celebrat$ b mo/     
des]v+ arti/s ( 8 age1 & "o :om we h    
commemorat$ else:]e4 ,lamo obs]ves1 t   
,b]n>d9o _h a va/ numb] ( s*ol>s &      
assi/ants1 & f 8 acc\nt1 we are "h      
enabl$ to add ! names ( ,&rea da        
,viadana1 ,giuliano or ,giulio de'      
,capitani1 ( ,lodi1 & ,&rea ,m>liano1 ( 
,pavia4 ,p]haps1 also1 ,&rea ,pell9i    
belongs to ?is li/1 :o1 ?\gh unkn[n 9 8 
native city ( ,cremona1 is celebrat$ at 
,milan = 8 ,desc5t f ! ,cross1 plac$ at 
,s4 ,eu/orgio1 9 #aeie4  ,( a lat] date1
 appe>$ at ,milan ! two ,sem9i1 f ,g5oa2
 bo? ( :om 7 mu* employ$1 & bo?         
disciples ( ! ,roman m ?an any o!r /yle4
 ,ottavio1 ! elde/1 in/ruct$ ,paol      
,camillo ,l&riani1 call$ ,il ,du*9o1 :o 

0 ju/ly prais$ 9 ! ,tempio ( ,lomazzo z 
a y\? ( ! greate/ promise4 ,he          
subsequ5tly produc$ a numb] (           
alt>-pieces1 among :i* 0 a ,nativity1 at
 ,s4 ,ambrogio1 9 :i*1 to ! design &    
elegance ( 8 ma/]1 he unites p]haps a   
great] degree ( s(tness4 ,! pr(essors   
hi!rto describ$1 d n rea* ! era ( !     
art's decl9e1 except1 possibly1 9 _!    
extreme old age2 insomu* z to be fully  
wor?y ( ! praise ,i be/[4  ,! arti/s1   
h[ev]1 :o m p>ticul>ly employ$ !mselves 
9 pa9t+ & tea*+ at ,milan dur+ ?is      
p]iod1 7 ! ,procacc9i ( ,bologna4 ,?\gh 
n m5tion$ by ,lomazzo 9 8 ,treatise1 9 !
 ye> #aehd1 !y are aft]w>ds1 9 #aeij1   
record$ ) mu* hon\r 9 8 ,tempio2 s t we 
may inf] t !y became celebrat$ dur+ !   
int]v5+ p]iod at ,milan1 :]e !y aft]w>ds
 e/abli%$ !mselves 9 #afji4 ,ercole is  
at ! head ( ?is family1 :om ,orl&i1     
foll[+ ,malvasia1 repres5ts 9 a milit>y 
mann]1 z hav+ lo/ ! field at ,bologna1  
:]e he c\ld no long] make head aga9/ !  
,samac*9i1 ! ,cesi1 ! ,sabbat9i1 !      

,pass>otti1 ! ,fontana1 ! ,c>acci1 ?\gh 
he aft]w>ds enc\nt]$ ! ,fig9i1 ! ,lu9i1 
! ,c]ani1 & ! ,morazzoni1 at ,milan4 ,i 
am at a loss h[ to v]ify su* an         
ass]tion4 ,ercole 0 born 9 #aebj1 z ,i  
ga!r$ f a ,,ms4 ( ,p4 ,re/a1 9 !        
,ambrosian libr>y2 & 9 #aeij1 :5 !      
,temple ( ,pa9t+ fir/ issu$ f ! press1  
he 0 v old1 nor did he ev] exhibit any (
 8 pictures 9 public at ,milan1 s t     
,lomazzo ought to h s\ght subjects =    
comm5dation ( him f ,p>ma1 & m          
p>ticul>ly ,bologna4 ,_m ( 8 works /ill 
rema9 !re1 f :i* we may decide :e!r     
,malvasia & ,bald9ucci _h m reason to   
repres5t him z an arti/ ( m$iocrity1 or 
,lomazzo to entitle him a v successful  
imitator ( ! great ,coreggio's col\r+1 z
 well z ( 8 grace & beauty4 ,9 my own   
op9ion he appe>s some:at m9ute 9 design1
 & feeble 9 8 col\r+1 resembl+ ! tone ( 
! ,flor5t9es2 a ?+ s common among 8     
contempor>ies1 t ,i "k n :y x %\ld be   
made a peculi> reproa* to him4 ,= ! re/ 
he is m pleas+1 accurate1 & exact1 ?an  

mo/ arti/s ( 8 age2 & possibly 8 ov]    
dilig5ce act$ z an ob/acle to him 9 a   
city :]e ! rapid ,fontana bore ! *ief   
sway4 ,b ?is quality1 besides exempt+   
him f ! mann]ism !n beg9n+ to prevail1  
r5d]$ him an excell5t preceptor2 ^:     
pr9cipal duty is f\nd to consi/ 9 *eck+ 
! impati5ce ( "y arti/s1 & accu/om+ !m  
to precision & delicacy ( ta/e4 ,?us _m 
excell5t pupils sprung f 8 s*ool1 su* z 
,samac*9i1 ,sabbat9i1 & ,b]toia4 ,he    
in/ruct$ also 8 ?ree sons1 ,camillo1    
,giulio ,ces>e1 & ,c>lo ,antonio1 f :i* 
la/ sprung ,ercole ! y\ng]2 all ma/]s ( 
"y ,milanese arti/s1 & ( :om x w be our 
bus9ess to treat 9 succession4  ,camillo
 is ! only "o ( ! ?ree :o 0 kn[n to     
,lomazzo1 :o describes him z an arti/   
di/+ui%$ bo? = 8 design & 8 col\r+4 ,he 
receiv$ 8 fir/ in/ructions f 8 fa!r1 &  
(t5 displays a resemblance 9 8 heads1 & 
9 ! di/ribution ( 8 t9ts2 ?\gh1 :]e he  
pa9t$ ) c>e1 he bo? w>m$ & broke !m1 z  
well z employ$ ! middle col\rs1 9 a     
sup]ior mann]4 ,he /udi$ o!r s*ools1 &  

if we are to believe "s ( 8 biograph]s1 
he practis$ at ,rome f ! models (       
,raffaello & ,mi*elangiolo1 besides be+ 
passionately devot$ to ! heads (        
,p>migian9o1 an imitation ( :i* is      
p]ceptible 9 all 8 works4 ,he possess$  
wond]ful facility bo? 9 conception &    
execution2 add$ to nature1 beauty1 & _s1
 always attractive to ! eye1 ?\gh !y d n
 always satisfy ! judgm5t4 ,nor is ?is  
surpris+1 z he e>ly ?rew (f ! reign (   
pat]nal in/ruction1 & execut$ works     
en\gh to h employ$ t5 arti/s1 at        
,bologna1 at ,rav5na1 ,reggio1 ,piac5za1
 ,pavia1 & ,g5oa4 ,he 0 by _m call$ !   
,vas>i1 & ! ,zucc>o ( ,lomb>dy2 al?\gh  
to say tru?1 he surpasses !m 9 sweetness
 ( /yle & ( col\rs4 ,he 0 p>ticul>ly    
engag$ at ,milan1 a city :i* boa/s "s ( 
8 be/ productions1 by :i* he obta9$     
reputation !re2 & _m ( 8 wor/1 ) :i* he 
satisfi$ ^? :o valu$ 8 "n4 ,( 8 e>lie/  
works !re1 & ! mo/ free f mann]ism1 are 
^? adorn+ ! ext]ior ( ! organ at !      
,metropolitana1 along ) v>i\s my/]ies ( 

our ,lady1 & two hi/ories ( ,david play+
 ^u 8 h>p2 all describ$ v m9utely by    
,malvasia4 ,b he produc$ no?+ 9 ,milan  
equal to 8 ,judgm5t at ,s4 ,procol di   
,reggio1 e/eem$ "o ( ! f9e/ specim5s (  
fresco 9 all ,lomb>dy2 & to 8 ,s4 ,rocco
 among ! sick & dy+ ( ! plague1 a       
picture t intimidat$ ,annibal ,c>acci1  
:5 he _h to pa9t a companion = x1 7see  
,malvasia1 p4 #dff74 ,! pictures produc$
 by ,camillo1 9 ! ca!dral ( ,piac5za1   
:]e ! ,duke ( ,p>ma _h plac$ him 9      
competition ) ,lodovico ,c>acci1 ^:     
g5ius 0 !n mature1 are well & c>efully  
execut$4 ,he !re repres5t$ our ,lady    
cr[n$ ,que5 ( ! ,univ]se by ! ,almighty1
 surr\nd$ ) a v full *oir ( ,angels1 9  
^: =ms he display$ ! mo/ f9i%$ beauty4  
,x 0 ! "p ( ,lodovico to repres5t o!r   
angels ar\nd2 & opposite to !           
,coronation ! ,padri del ,limbo4 ,! fir/
 occupi$ ! mo/ di/+ui%$ place 9 !       
tribune2 ?\gh bo? !n & n[ he 0 e/eem$ by
 spectators ! lea/ wor?y ( ! two4 ,h[ev]
 advantage\sly he !re appe>s1 & entitl$ 

to ! applause ( ,girup5o & o!r          
hi/orians1 z well z travell]s1 he at !  
same "t loses a portion ( 8 consequ5ce  
at ! side ( ,c>acci1 :o1 by ! novelty ( 
8 ideas1 ! natural expression ( 8       
c\nt5ances1 ( 8 attitudes1 & ( 8        
symbols1 especially 9 ^? angels oppos$  
to ! m common conceptions ( 8 rival1    
makes ! monotony & weakness ( ,procacc9i
 ! m rem>kable4 ,c>acci's sup]ior       
dignity1 likewise1 9 8 figures ( !      
patri>*s1 ?r[s t ( ,camillo's ,div9ity  
into ! %ade4 ,!y also execut$ "s        
hi/ories ( ! ,madonna1 plac$ opposite   
ea* o!r2 & almo/ be>+ ! same proportion 
z we h already m5tion$4 ,b z ! ,c>acci 7
 few1 ,procacc9i = ! mo/ "p triumph$ ov]
 8 competitors4 ,he is ev5 n[ well      
receiv$ 9 ! collections ( ! great1 & our
 own pr9ce has rec5tly obta9$ "o ( 8    
,assumptions1 ) ,apo/les surr\nd+ ! tomb
 ( ,jesus1 a picture full ( v>iety1 & 9 
a gr& mann]4  ,giulio ,ces>e1 ! be/ ( ! 
,procacc9i1 at fir/ devot$ himself to   
sculpture ) success1 subsequ5tly atta*+ 

himself to pa9t+1 z to a less labori\s &
 m pleas+ art4 ,he frequ5t$ ! ,c>acci   
,academy at ,bologna2 & x is said1 t    
tak+ (f5ce at "s satirical obs]vations (
 ,annibal's1 he /ruck1 & ev5 w\nd$ him4 
,8 ,fr5* biograph] /ates ,giulio's bir? 
to h occurr$ 9 #aedh1 ?\gh he po/pones  
?is qu>rel until #afji1 9 :i* ye> !     
,procacc9i e/abli%$ !mselves at ,milan4 
,x mu/ h occurr$1 h[ev]1 mu* e>li]1 z 9 
#afji ,giulio 0 a r5[n$ pa9t]1 :ile     
,annibal 0 9 8 decl9e4 ,giulio ,ces>e's 
/udies 7 direct$ to ! models (          
,coreggio1 & x is ! op9ion ( _m1 t no "o
 approa*$ ne>] to ! gr& /yle ( t arti/4 
,9 8 small pictures1 ) few figures1 9   
:i* imitation is m easy1 he has (t5 be5 
mi/ak5 = 8 orig9al1 ?\gh 8 elegance _c  
boa/ ! same cle> & native tone1 nor 8   
col\rs ! same ri* & vigor\s h&l+4 ,"o ( 
8 ,madonnas1 at ,s4 ,luigi de'          
,francesi1 at ,rome1 01 9 fact1 engrav$ 
n long s9ce = a "w ( ,allegri1 by an    
excell5t arti/2 & !re are o!r equally   
f9e imitations at ! ,sanvitali ,palace1 

9 ,p>ma2 9 t ( ! ,c>eghi1 9 ,g5oa1 & o!r
 places4 ,among 8 num]\s alt>-pieces1 ! 
"o ,i h se51 :i* displays mo/ ( !       
,coreggio mann]1 is at ,s4 ,afra1 9     
,brescia4 ,x repres5ts ! ,virg9 & ,*ild1
 surr\nd$ ) "s figures ( ,angels &      
,sa9ts1 :i* are se5 gaz+ & smil+ ^u him4
 ,he has p]haps1 inde$1 gone some:at    
beyond ! limits ( propriety1 9 ord] to  
atta9 m grace1 :i* is ! case ) 8        
,nunziata1 at ,s4 ,antonio1 9 ,milan2 9 
:i* ! ,holy ,virg9 & ,angel are se5     
smil+ at ea* o!r2 a circum/ance h>dly   
compatible ei!r ) ! "t or ! my/]y4 ,9 8 
attitudes1 also1 he 0 occasionally      
guilty ( extravagance1 z 9 8 ,m>tyrdom (
 ,s4 ,naz>io1 9 ! *ur* ( t "n1 a picture
 attractive by its h>mony & its grace1  
?\gh ! figure ( ! execution] is 9 too   
=c$ a position4 ,giulio left _m v l>ge  
hi/ories1 su* z 8 ,passage ( ! ,r$ ,sea1
 at ,s4 ,vittore1 9 ,milan2 & m 9 ,g5oa1
 :]e ,soprani has po9t$ !m out4 ,:at is 
surpris+1 9 s va/ a numb] ( 8 pieces1 is
 ! accuracy ( 8 design1 ! v>iety ( 8    

ideas1 & 8 dilig5ce bo? 9 8 nak$ &      
dress$ p>ts1 comb9$ at ! same "t ) a    
gr&eur1 :i*1 if ,i mi/ake n1 he d]iv$ f 
! ,c>acci4 ,9 ! ,sacri/y ( ,s4 ,m>ia1 at
 ,s>ono1 is 8 picture ( ,sa9ts ,&rea1   
,c>lo1 & ,ambrogio1 display+ ! mo/      
dignifi$ "* ( _! s*ool2 if1 inde$1 we   
are n to suppose1 t 9 common ) !        
,c>acci1 he acquir$ x f ^? magnific5t   
models ( ! art at ,p>ma4  ,to ^! two may
 be add$ ,c>lantonio ,procacc9i1 n z a  
figure1 b a good l&scape pa9t]1 & a     
tol]able h& 9 draw+ fruits & fl[]s4 ,he 
produc$ a v>iety ( pieces = ! ,milanese 
gall]y1 :i* happ5+ to please ! c\rt1 !n 
"o ( ! bran*es ( ,spa91 he _h frequ5t   
commissions f t c\ntry1 insomu* t he    
rose1 ?\gh ! weake/ ( ! family1 into !  
highe/ repute4  ,! ,procacc9i op5$ s*ool
 at ,milan1 :]e !y obta9$ ! reputation (
 k9d & able ma/]s1 educat+1 bo? = ! city
 & /ate1 s great a numb] ( arti/s1 t x  
w\ld be nei!r possible nor useful to    
comprise !m all 9 a hi/ory4 ,!y c\ld    
boa/ among !m "s inv5tors ( a new /yle1 

! same z ! disciples ( ! ,c>acci2 ?\gh  
mo/ ( !m aim$ at obs]v+ ! mann] ( _!    
ma/]s2 "s ma9ta9+ x by _! accuracy1 &   
o!rs injur+ x by _! ov] ha/e4 ,we res]ve
 ! s]ies ( !m1 h[ev]1 to ! la/ epo*1 9  
ord] n to disp]se ! same s*ool ?r\gh    
diff]5t p>ts4  ,! la/ ( ! =eign]s :o !n 
gave in/ructions at ,milan1 0 ,panfilo  
,nuvolone1 a noble ,cremonese1 ( ^: /yle
 we treat$ at l5g? 9 ! li/ ( ! ,cav4    
,trotti's disciples4 ,he 0 a dilig5t r  
?an an imag9ative arti/1 & produc$ no   
works ( any ext5t at ,milan1 except = ! 
nunn]ies ( ,sa9ts ,dom5ico & ,lazz>o1   
:]e he pa9t$ 9 ! ceil+ ! hi/ory (       
,laz>us & ! ,ri* ,man1 ) true pictoric  
spl5d\r2 :i* is no less app>5t 9 8      
,assumption ( ! ,virg91 9 ! cupola ( !  
,passione4 ,9 8 alt>-pieces1 & hi/ories 
execut$ = ! ducal gall]y at ,p>ma1 he   
aim$ r at p]fect+ ?an at multiply+ 8    
figures4 ,he in/ruct$ 8 f\r sons1 two ( 
:om are unkn[n 9 ! hi/ory ( ! art1 & !  
two o!rs are frequ5tly m5tion$ by       
diff]5t illu/rators ( ! pa9t+s ( ,milan1

 ( ,piac5za1 ( ,p>ma1 & ( ,brescia2 :]e 
!y are also surnam$1 f _! fa!r1 !       
,panfili4 ,we %all1 h[ev]1 treat ( !m m 
p>ticul>ly 9 ! age dur+ :i* !y fl\ri%$4 
,f$e ,galizia introduc$ ano!r =eign /yle
 into ,milan1 a female arti/1 :o1       
accord+ to ,orl&i1 0 a native ( ,tr5t4  
,h] fa!r1 ,annunzio1 0 a celebrat$      
m9iaturi/1 born at ! same place1 & a    
resid5t at ,milan1 & f him p]haps %e    
acquir$ t ta/e = accuracy & f9i% ( h&1  
no less rem>kable 9 h] figures ?an 9 h] 
l&scapes2 9 o!r po9ts1 m simil> to !    
,bolognese pr$ecessors ( ! ,c>acci1 ?an 
to any o!r s*ool4 ,!re are "s specim5s (
 h] /yle 9 =eign collections4 ,"o ( h]  
be/ /udi$ pictures is se5 at ,s4 ,m>ia  
,maddal5a1 :]e %e pa9t$ ! titul> sa9t1 )
 ! figure ( ,*ri/ 9 ! dress ( a g>d5]4  
,?is lady has be5 criticis$ by !        
excell5t au?or ( ! ,guide1 = h] too     
great /udy ( ! ideal1 :i* %e aim$ at    
introduc+ bo? into h] design & col\r+1  
at ! exp5se ( nature & ( tru?1 a        
practice pretty mu* 9 vogue at t p]iod 9

 ,italy4 ,ab\t ! same "t1 "o ,orazio    
,vaiano 0 employ$ a good deal at ,milan1
 :]e he long resid$1 call$ ,il ,fior5t9o
 f 8 extraction4 ,he1 9 "s way1 came to 
be conf\nd$1 9 "s ( 8 pictures1 ) ! eld]
 ,palma1 z we are in=m$ by ,orl&i2 b h[1
 x is difficult to say4 ,! specim5s ( 8 
composition at ,s4 ,c>lo & at ,s4       
,antonio ,abate1 are judici\s & dilig5t1
 ?\gh some:at feeble 9 po9t ( col\r+2 & 
9 ! di/ribution ( _! lights mu* resembl+
 ! tone ( ,roncalli4 ,he likewise visit$
 ,g5oa2 b nei!r he nor ,galizia1 z ,i am
 aw>e1 left any pupils at ,milan4 ,!    
same may be said ( ! two ,c>loni1 noble 
fresco pa9t]s belong+ to ,g5oa1 & (     
,val]io ,pr(ondavalle1 f ,lovanio1 :o   
pa9t$ glass1 z well z 9 oil & 9 fresco1 
= all :i* he _h frequ5t commissions at  
c\rt4  ,we ought "h to add ! "n (       
,f$]igo ,zucc>i1 an arti/ invit$ by !   
,c>d4 ,f$]igo ,borromeo to take up 8    
resid5ce at ,milan1 :]e1 z well z at    
,pavia1 he pa9t$1 z we h m5tion$1 7at p4
 #aci1 vol4 ii74 ,i am indebt$ to !     

polite & k9d att5tion ( ,sig4 ,b]n>do   
,gattoni1 *apla9 & rector ( ! o!r       
,borromean college at ,pavia1 = correct+
 an error into :i* ,i _h fall51 f foll[+
 ! local tradition r ?an ! writt5       
au?ority ( ! same ,zuc*]i1 9 8          
,passaggio p] l',italia1 a v r>e "w1 &  
:i* ,i _h n se5 at t "t4 ,9 x are       
describ$ ! pictures ( ! ,borromean      
college at ,pavia2 & x appe>s1 t ,zucc>i
 produc$ no o!r besides ! pr9cipal      
picture1 t ( ,s4 ,c>lo1 :o is se5 9 !   
,consi/ory 9 ! act ( receiv+ ! c>d9al's 
hat2 ! re/ be+ f ! h& ( ,ces>e ,nebbia1 
:o fl\ri%$ at ! same p]iod4 ,9 ord] to h
 !m ret\*$ at leisure1 :ile !y 7 left to
 dry1 ! c>d9al ,f$]igo despat*$ ! two   
arti/s to visit ! sacr$ m\nt ( ,v>allo1 
:5ce !y pass$ to ,arona1 & next to !    
,isola ,bella1 situat$ ^u ! ,lago       
,maggiore1 :]e ! c>d9al jo9$ !m1 & :]e  
ea* ( !m left a "w 9 fresco1 ^u two     
pila/]s ( ! *apel at t place4 ,!re has  
s9ce be5 f\nd 9 ! ar*ives ( ! college1  
an orig9al lett] ( ! c>d9al1 9 :i* he   

recomm5ds to ! !n rector1 t ,nebbia %\ld
 be receiv$ into ! college1 & ! sums (  
money disburs$ to bo?1 ent]$ 9 ! books (
 acc\nt4  ,proce$+ next to ^? arti/s :o 
/udi$ at o!r places1 ,i %all briefly    
m5tion ,ricci ( ,nov>a1 ) ,p>oni &      
,nappi ( ,milan1 n omitt+ o!rs ( ! same 
place1 commemorat$ 9 ! lives (          
,baglioni4 ,resid+ at ,rome1 !y 9 no way
 contribut$ to ! fame ( _! native s*ool1
 nei!r by _! pupils1 nor _! example2 &  
ev5 at ,rome1 !y may be said to h add$ r
 to ! numb] ( pa9t+s ?an to ! decoration
 ( ! city4 ,ricci 0 a fresco pa9t]1 v   
well adapt$ to ! ha/y temp] ( ,sixtus   
,v41 ^: works he sup]9t5d$1 & promot$ ! 
effem9ate ta/e !n s preval5t2 he        
possess$ mu* facility & beauty ( =ms4   
,p>oni pursu$ ! mann] ( ,c>avaggio1 b 8 
c>e] 0 %ort4 ,nappi displays great      
v>iety2 & :5 he pa9t$ 9 8 ,lomb>d mann]1
 su* z 9 8 ,assumption1 at ! cloi/] ( ! 
,m9]va1 ) o!r pieces at ! ,umilta1 he   
%ew$ himself a naturali/ f> m pleas+ ?an
 ! mann]i/s ( 8 "t4  ,!re fl\ri%$       

likewise1 = a few ye>s1 at ,rome1 !     
,cav4 ,pi] ,francesco ,mazzu*elli1 call$
 f 8 bir?place ,morazzone4 ,aft]        
practis+ !re = a p]iod1 f all ! be/     
models1 :i* influ5c$ bo? 8 m9d & 8      
productions1 he direct$ 8 att5tion to ! 
,milanese ,s*ool1 9 :i* he taught1 &    
succe$$ beyond all example1 9 improv+ 8 
own /yle4 ,x w be suffici5t to comp>e 8 
picture ( ! ,epiphany :i* he pa9t$ 9    
fresco = "o ( ! *apels ( ,s4 ,silve/ro 9
 capite1 :i* boa/s no beauty beyond t ( 
col\r+2 & 8 o!r ,epiphany1 plac$ at ,s4 
,antonio ,abate1 at ,milan1 :i* appe>s l
 ! production ( ano!r h&2 su* is !      
sup]iority ( ! design1 ! effect1 & !    
display ( drap]y1 9 ! mann] ( !         
,v5etians4 ,he is said to h /udi$       
,titian & ,paul ,v]onese2 & "s ( 8      
angels are pa9t$ ) arms & legs1 9 ^?    
long proportions t are n ! be/          
*>act]i/ics ( ,t9toretto4 ,9 g5]al1 !   
g5ius ( ,morazzone 0 n adapt$ = !       
graceful1 b = ! /rong & magnific5t2 z   
appe>s 9 8 ,s4 ,mi*ael's ,conque/ ov] ! 

bad ,angels1 at ,s4 ,gio4 di ,como1 & 9 
! *apel ( ! ,flagellazione1 at ,v>ese4  
,9 #afbf he 0 invit$ to ,piac5za1 to    
pa9t ! gr& cupola ( ! ca!dral1 a "w :i* 
0 left v incomplete by 8 dea?1 & be/[$  
^u ,gu]c9o4 ,he _h drawn ! figures ( two
 prophets1 :i*1 9 any o!r place1 w\ld h 
appe>$ to ! greate/ advantage2 b !re !y 
are ?r[n into ! %ade by ^? ( 8          
successor1 t magician ( 8 art1 :o ?rew  
into x ! :ole en*antm5t ( :i* he 0      
capable4 ,morazzone 0 employ$ = diff]5t 
collections1 no less ?an = *ur*es2 &    
receiv$ a numb] ( commissions f ,c>d9al 
,f$]igo1 & ! k+ ( ,s>d9ia1 f :i* la/ he 
receiv$ 8 title ( cavali]4  ,contempor>y
 ) him fl\ri%$ ,gio4 ,bati/a ,crespi1   
bett] kn[n by ! "n ( ,c]ano1 8 native   
place1 a small t[n 9 ! ,nov>ese4 ,sprung
 f a family ( arti/s1 :i* left specim5s 
( its g5ius at ,s4 ,m>ia di ,bu/o1 :]e 8
 gr&fa!r ,gio4 ,pi]o1 & ,raffaello1 8   
fa!r or uncle1 7,i am n c]ta9 :i*17 _h  
be5 employ$4 ,he /udi$ at ,rome1 & at   
,v5ice1 unit+ to t ( pa9t+ great k 9 !  

art ( modell+1 z well z 9 ar*itecture2  
be+1 moreov] di/+ui%$ = good ta/e 9     
lit]ature & = polite accompli%m5ts4 ,)  
su* qualifications he took ! lead at !  
c\rt ( ,milan1 f :i* he receiv$ a sal>y2
 no less ?an 9 ! great und]tak+s ( !    
,c>d4 ,f$]igo1 & 9 ! direction ( !      
academy4 ,n to dwell ^u ! build+s1      
/atues1 & bassi-relievi1 :i* he ei!r    
design$ or execut$1 b :i* are less      
connect$ ) my subject1 he pa9t$ a great 
numb] ( alt>-pieces1 9 :i* he at once   
exhibit$1 if ,i mi/ake n1 great         
excell5ces & great defects4 ,he is      
inv>iably free1 spirit$1 & h>moni\s2 b  
he frequ5tly1 f too great affectation ( 
grace or ( magnific5ce1 falls into a    
degree ( mann]ism1 z 9 "s ( 8 hi/ories  
at ! ,pace1 :]e 8 nak$ figures are      
heavy1 & ! attitudes ( o!rs too         
extravagant4 ,9 8 o!r subjects ^!       
defects are less app>5t2 b "h he has    
also ov]load$ 8 %ad[s4 ,9 ! great] "p ( 
8 works1 not)/&+1 ! correct & !         
beautiful s f> ab\nds1 z to %ew t he 0  

"o ( ! fir/ ma/]s ( 8 s*ool4 ,?us 9 8   
,baptism ( ,s4 ,ago/9o1 pa9t$ = ,s4     
,m>co1 he rivals ,giulio ,ces>e         
,procacc9i1 ^: productions are plac$    
opposite1 & 9 ! op9ion ( "s he surpasses
 him4 ,ano!r in/ance occurs 9 8         
alt>-piece ( sa9ts ,c>lo & ,ambrogio1 at
 ,santo ,paolo1 :]e1 9 ta/e ( col\r+ at 
lea/ he surpasses ! ,campi2 & a ?ird 9 8
 celebrat$ picture ( ! ,ros>io1 at ,s4  
,lazz>o1 :i* ca/s into %ade ! f9e fresco
 pa9t+ ( ,nuvoloni4 ,he 0 p>ticul>ly    
skill$ 9 draw+ birds & quadrup$s1 ( :i* 
he compos$ pictures = private ornam5t1 z
 we ga!r f ,soprani 9 8 life ( ,s9ibaldo
 ,scorza4 ,he educat$ _m pupils1 :om we 
%all res]ve = an inf]ior epo*1 except+  
,daniele ,crespi ( ,milan1 :o1 on acc\nt
 ( 8 wor?1 & ! p]iod 9 :i* he fl\ri%$1  
ought n to be sep>at$ f 8 ma/]4         
,daniele is "o among ^? di/+ui%$        
,italians :o are h>dly kn[n beyond _!   
native place4 ,he possess$1 h[ev]1 r>e  
g5ius1 &1 in/ruct$ by ,c]ano1 & aft]w>ds
 by ! be/ ( ! ,procacc9i1 und\bt$ly     

surpass$ ! fir/1 & 9 ! op9ion ( _m      
likewise ! second1 ?\gh he did n live to
 rea* ! age ( =ty4 ,he _h great         
p5etration 9 le>n+1 & equal facility 9  
execut+1 select+ ! be/ "p ( e ma/] he   
/udi$1 & kn[+ h[ to reject ! wor/4      
,famili> ) ! maxims ( ! ,c>acci s*ool1  
ev5 )\t frequ5t+ x1 he adopt$ & practis$
 !m ) success4 ,he %ews ?is 9 8         
di/ribution ( col\rs1 & 9 ! v>i$        
expression ( 8 c\nt5ances2 select &     
c>eful 9 dispos+ !m accord+ to !        
prevail+ passions ( ! m9d2 & above all1 
admirable 9 cat*+ ! beautiful &         
devotional _s t ought to inspire ! heads
 ( sa9ts4 ,9 ! di/ribution ( 8 figures  
he at once obs]ves a natural & well     
judg$ ord]1 s t no "o w\ld wi% to behold
 !m plac$ o!rwise ?an !y are4 ,_! drap]y
 is f9ely v>i$1 & v spl5did 9 ! m impos+
 *>act]s ( ! piece4 ,8 col\r+ is        
extremely p[]ful1 no less 9 oil ?an 9   
fresco2 & 9 ! highly ornam5t$ *ur* ( ,la
 ,passione1 = :i* he pa9t$ 8 gr& ,desc5t
 f ! ,cross1 he left _m portraits (     

di/+ui%$ c>d9als1 all compos$ 9 ! be/   
,titian ta/e4 ,he is inde$ "o ( ^? r>e  
g5iuses :o delight 9 be+ con/ant rivals 
( !mselves1 call+ =? _! highe/ en]gies 9
 ea* production1 9 ord] t !y may 9 "s   
way surpass ! la/2 g5iuses1 :o "k h[ to 
correct 9 _! lat] pa9t+s ! errors !y    
committ$ 9 _! fir/1 exhibit+ 9 !m ! full
 maturity ( ^? excell5ces :i* !y        
discov]$ 9 _! e>ly attempts4 ,8 la/     
pieces1 consi/+ ( acts f ! life ( ,s4   
,brunone1 at ! ,c]tosa1 9 ,milan1 are ( 
all ! mo/ admir$4 ,t ( ! ,dottor ,p>ig9o
 is m p>ticul>ly celebrat$1 9 :i*1 hav+ 
rais$ himself on 8 bi]1 he decl>es 8    
/ate ( reprobation4 ,:at desp]ation he  
exhibits6 :at horror 9 ! faces ( !      
behold]s6 ,nor is t ( ! ,duke (         
,calabria less excell5t1 :]e1 9 go+ to !
 *ase1 he meets ) ! holy h]mit1 a       
picture ^u :i* ! arti/ inscrib$1 ,daniel
 ,crispus ,m$iolan5sis p9xit hoc        
templum4 ,an4 #afbi4 ,?is 0 ! ye> be=e 8
 dea?1 z he 0 unhappily cut (f by !     
plague ( #afcj1 toge!r ) 8 :ole family4 

,we may "h add1 z a sort ( coroll>y to !
 =ego+1 ! names ( "s o!r arti/s :o      
display$ great m]it1 ?\gh x is unc]ta9 (
 :at s*ool4 ,su* is ,gio4 ,bati/a       
,t>illio1 by :om !re 0 an alt>-piece ) !
 date ( #aege1 pa9t$ = ! n[ suppress$   
*ur* ( ,s4 ,m>t9o 9 ,compito4 ,!re are  
"s pictures by ano!r native ( ,milan1   
nam$ ,ranuzio ,prata1 at ,pavia4 ,^! ,i 
h n se52 !y are1 h[ev]1 greatly comm5d$ 
by o!rs4 ,he fl\ri%$ ab\t #afce4 ,!     
,nov>ese also boa/$ at t p]iod two      
arti/s :o 7 bro!rs1 bo? ( :om col\r$ 9  
pretty good ta/e4 ,^! 7 ,antonio & ,gio4
 ,mel*iore ,tanzi1 ! =m] a v able       
design]1 :o compet$ ) ,c>loni at ,milan1
 di/+ui%$ himself at ,v>allo1 & pa9t$ at
 ,s4 ,gaud5zio di ,nov>a ! ,battle (    
,s5a*]ib1 a "w full ( _s & intellig5ce4 
,!re are likewise o!r ( 8 works pres]v$ 
9 ! gall]ies ( ,vi5na1 ( ,v5ice1 & (    
,naples1 repres5t+ bo? hi/ories &       
p]spectives2 b ( 8 bro!r !re is no?+    
rema9+ ( any great degree ( m]it4       
,,s*ool ,,( ,,milan4     ,,epo* ,,iv4   

,! ,art cont9ues to decl9e aft] ! "t (  
,daniele      ,crespi4 ,a ?ird ,academy 
is f\nd$ ) a view ( improv+      x4     
,we n[ approa* ! la/ epo*1 :i* may be   
truly entitl$ ! decl9e ( ?is s*ool4 ,i  
recollect he>+ ! op9ion ( a good judge1 
t ,daniele ,crespi might be call$ ! la/ 
( ! ,milanese1 j z 9 ano!r s5se ,cato 0 
pron\nc$ ultimus ,romanorum4 ,!         
obs]vation is correct1 s f> z x applies 
to c]ta9 g5iuses sup]ior to ! common    
lot1 b false if we %\ld ext5d x to !    
exclusion ( e arti/ ( m]it f ! p]iod :i*
 x embraces4 ,x w\ld be inju/ice to !   
names ( ,nuvoloni & ,cairo1 & sev]al    
o!rs :o fl\ri%$ 9 an age ne>] our own4  
,b 9 ! same way z ,cassiodorus & "s o!r 
writ]s are insuffici5t to remove ! /a9 (
 b>b>ism f _! age1 s ! arti/s we treat (
 _c r$eem !irs f ! /igma ( its decl9e4  
,x is ! majority :i* inv>iably gives a  
tone to ! times2 & he :o may h se5      
,milan & its /ate w\ld be at no loss to 
rem>k1 t aft] ! introduction ( !        
,procacc9i ,s*ool1 design 0 m ?an ev]   

neglect$1 & me*anical practice succe$$  
to reason & ta/e4 ,arti/s1 aft] !       
visitation ( ! plague1 _h become m r>e2 
& subsequ5t to ! dea? ( ! ,c>d9al       
,borromeo1 9 #afca1 !y became less      
unit$1 insomu* t ! academy f\nd$ by him 
rema9$ clos$ dur+ tw5ty ye>s2 & if by ! 
ex]tions ( ,antonio ,busca x 0 !n       
re-op5$1 /ill x nev] aft]w>ds produc$   
works simil> to ^? ( o!r times4 ,:e!r   
ow+ to ! mann] ( tea*+1 to ! want ( its 
great patron1 or to ! abundance (       
commissions & ! k9dness ( ^? :o gave !m1
 :i* urg$ "y arti/s prematurely to make 
abortive ef=ts2 no s*ool1 p]haps1 on !  
loss ( its great ma/]s1 0 fill$ ) s     
great a numb] ( inf]ior & bad ones4 ,i  
%all n give mu* acc\nt ( !m1 yet mu/ n  
omit su* names z h atta9$ to "s         
consid]ation4 ,9 g5]al x may be rem>k$ (
 ! arti/s ( ?is epo*1 t ?\gh ! pupils ( 
diff]5t s*ools1 !y display a mutual     
resemblance1 z mu* z if !y _h be5       
in/ruct$ by ! same ma/]4 ,!y possess no 
"* t /rikes ! eye1 no beauty (          

proportions1 no vivacity ( c\nt5ance1 no
 grace 9 _! col\r+4 ,_! :ole composition
 appe>s languid1 ev5 _! imitation ( !   
head ( ! s*ool does n please1 z x is    
ei!r defici5t1 or ov]done1 or falls into
 insignificance4 ,9 _! *oice ( col\rs we
 detect a c]ta9 resemblance to !        
,bolognese ,s*ool1 to :i* _! guides 7 n 
v mu* oppos$1 ?\gh we (t5 p]ceive t     
sombre ca/ :i* !n prevail$ 9 ne>ly all !
 o!r s*ools4  ,to ?is uni=mity ( /yle 9 
,milan1 ,ercole ,procacc9i ! y\ng] mo/  
probably contribut$1 an arti/ 9 :om an  
unprejudic$ critic w be at no loss to   
detect ! "* we h describ$4 ,b 9 8 m     
/udi$ works1 z we f9d 9 an ,assumption1 
at ,s4 ,m4 ,maggiore1 9 ,b]gamo1 he     
exhibits dignity1 _s1 & a happy         
imitation ( ! ,coreggio mann]4 ,he      
receiv$ 8 fir/ in/ructions f 8 fa!r     
,c>lantonio1 & next f ,giulio ,ces>e1 8 
pat]nal uncle4 ,x is kn[n t by public   
report1 by 8 ins9uat+ mann]s1 & by !    
family reputation1 he arriv$ at a degree
 ( consid]ation beyond 8 m]it1 & liv$   

till he rea*$ ! age ( eighty4 ,h5ce he  
induc$ _m to foll[ 8 maxims1 & ! m z he 
kept an op5 academy = ! /udy ( ! nak$   
figure at 8 own h\se1 & succe$$ 8 uncles
 9 _! in/ructions2 equal to !m p]haps 9 
rapidity1 b n s well gr\nd$ 9 ! art4 ,he
 pa9t$ mu*2 & 9 ! be/ collections 9     
,milan1 if he is n 9 z mu* reque/ z _m  
o!rs1 he yet ma9ta9s 8 place4  ,two "y  
arti/s educat$ 9 8 s*ool reflect$ cr$it 
^u x2 ,c>lo ,vim]cati1 :o ow$ 8 success 
to ! mo/ p]t9aci\s /udy ( ,daniele's    
works at ! ,c]tosa1 :i* he daily visit$ 
= a long p]iod :ile at ,milan1 &        
,antonio ,busca1 :o likewise employ$ 8  
tal5ts ^u ! be/ models bo? at ,milan &  
,rome4 ,vim]cati exhibit$ few ( 8       
pictures 9 public at ,milan2 he pa9t$ m 
at ,codogno1 & 9 8 be/ mann]1 z well z 9
 a new "o 9 :i* he 0 greatly inf]ior4   
,busca assi/$ 8 ma/]1 & at ,s4 ,m>co    
also 0 employ$ 9 competition ) him4     
,!re1 plac$ opposite to "s hi/ories by  
,procacc9i1 is se5 8 picture ( !        
,crucifixion full ( pi\s beauty1        

surr\nd$ ) figures ( ! ,virg91 ( ,m>y   
,magdal51 & ,s4 ,john1 :o are all weep+1
 & almo/ draw te>s f ! eyes ( !         
spectator4 ,b he did n always succe$ z 9
 ?is specim52 ! g\t depriv$ him ( ! use 
( 8 feet1 & he fell into a weak & abject
 /yle1 ! result ( m]e me*anic practice4 
,9 ?is /ate ( heal?1 ,i imag9e1 he mu/ h
 conduct$ two holy hi/ories1 plac$      
opposite ea* o!r1 9 ! *apel ( ,s4 ,siro 
at ! ,c]tosa 9 ,pavia1 9 :i* he idly    
repeat$ 9 ! second ! same features z    
di/+ui%$ ! fir/1 s greatly is an arti/  
sometimes 9 contradiction ) himself4 ,a 
simil> compla9t might be alleg$ = a     
diff]5t reason1 9 reg>d to ! /yle (     
,cri/(oro ,/or]1 a native ( ,con/ance4  
,a pupil to ! same ,ercole1 he also     
produc$ works ( solid ta/e1 z 9 !       
in/ance ( 8 ,s4 ,m>t9o1 :i* ,i saw 9    
possession ( ! ,ab4 ,bianconi1 a picture
 mu* valu$ by its intellig5t own]4      
,subsequ5tly he became a mann]i/1 & n   
unfrequ5tly adopt$ gross or common      
ideas4 ,9 o!r po9ts he displays mu* _s1 

& is "o ( ! few belong+ to t age :o may 
lay claim to ! title ( a good col\ri/4  
,i am unc]ta9 :e!r ,gio4 ,ens1 ( ,milan1
 sprung f ! same s*ool1 z well z at :at 
precise "t he n\ri%$2 ,i "k t he 0 an   
arti/ ( less tal5t1 ^: delicacy (t5     
bord]$ ^u weakness1 z we may p]ceive at 
,s4 ,m>co 9 ,milan4 ,lodovico ,antonio  
,david ( ,lugano1 a s*ol> ( ,ercole1 (  
,cairo1 & ( ,cignani1 resid$ at ,rome4  
,!re he produc$ "s portraits1 & at "o   
p]iod made ! t\r ( ,italy4 ,! city (    
,v5ice possesses "o ( 8 ,nativities at  
,s4 ,silve/ro1 conduct$ 9 a m9ute mann]1
 t betrays a disciple ( ,camillo m ?an (
 any o!r ( ! ,procacc9i4 ,he wrote too  
^u pa9t+1 & compil$ "s acc\nt (         
,coreggio1 = :i* ! read] may consult    
,orl&i "u ! head ( t arti/1#ei or p]haps
 9 pref]5ce1 ,tirasbos*i1 9 8 life (    
him4    ,footnote #ei3 ,9 ! additions to
 ! ,diction>y1 made by      ,gu>i5ti1   
foll[+ ! article ,orl&i1 we f9d         
,lodovico      ,david ( ,lugano1 ( ^:   
p5cil he c\ld only trace !      picture 

at ,s4 ,silve/ro 9 ,v5ice4 ,?is is "o ( 
!      mi/akes committ$ by ?is          
cont9uator4  ,next to ! nephew ( ! be/  
,procacc9i1 ,i may place ! son-9-law (  
"o ( ! o!rs4 ,?is is ! ,cav4 ,f$]igo    
,bian*i1 on :om1 aft] af=d+ him 8       
in/ructions1 ,giulio ,ces>e be/[$ ! h& (
 "o ( 8 daught]s4 ,he d]iv$ f 8         
fa!r-9-law 8 maxims1 r ?an 8 =ms &      
attitudes1 :i* display an orig9al air 9 
,bian*i1 & are at once graceful &       
beautiful )\t affectation4 ,"s ( 8 ,holy
 ,families at ,s4 ,/efano & at !        
,passione are held 9 mu* e/eem1 besides 
"s ( 8 o!r pictures exhibit+ few1 b well
 conceiv$ figures4 ,su* is t ( a        
,visitazione at ,s4 ,lor5zo1 e way      
cr$itable to "o ( ! fav\rite pupils (   
,giulio ,ces>e4 ,he 0 n di/+ui%$ 9      
compositions ( a gr&] "*2 b he 0 full ( 
ideas1 unit$ to h>mony & good keep+1 &  
altoge!r "o ( ! fir/ ,milanese arti/s 9 
! pres5t age4 ,he 0 mu* employ$ 9       
,pi$mont1 & we are indebt$ to him =     
notices ( _m arti/s :i* he communicat$  

to ,p4 ,orl&i1 by :om !y 7 made public4 
,?is arti/ is n to be conf\nd$ ) "o     
,francesco ,bian*i1 a fri5d & almo/     
insep>able companion ( ,antonm>ia       
,ruggi]i4 ,!y pa9t$ toge!r = ! mo/ "p 9 
fresco1 & )\t ! lea/ dispute cons5t$ to 
%>e all ! emolum5t1 all ! praise & blame
 !y might receive4 ,!y belong to !      
pres5t age1 to :i* !y h bequea!d a m    
noble example ( mutual atta*m5t ?an ( ! 
art !y pr(ess$4  ,! great] "p ( !       
,procacc9i disciples sprung f ! s*ool ( 
,camillo4 ,he _h likewise taught at     
,bologna1 ?\gh 8 only pupil kn[n !re is 
,lor5zo ,franco1 :o1 ) 8 in/ructions1   
aft]w>ds became an excell5t imitator ( !
 ,c>acci4 ,9 ! op9ion ( ,p4 ,re/a1      
h[ev]1 8 /yle 0 some:at too m9ute2 ?is  
arti/ resid$ & di$ at ,reggio4 ,! s*ool 
( ,camillo at ,milan 0 always full1 & no
 "o reflect$ ^u x great] cr$it ?an ,&rea
 ,salmeggia ( ,b]gamo1 ( :om we treat$ 9
 ! prec$+ book4 ,becom+ a foll[] (      
,raffaello at ,rome1 he occasionally    
return$ to 8 native place1 :]e he       

attract$ admiration by 8 productions4 ,l
 ! re/ ,gio4 ,bati/a ,discepoli1 call$  
,zoppo di ,lugnano1 0 at "o "t !        
disciple ( ,camillo1 b aft]w>ds add$ mu*
 ( o!r /yles1 & 0 "o ( ! mo/ natural1   
p[]ful1 & ri* col\ri/s ( 8 "t4 ,= ! re/ 
he is to be includ$ 9 ! rank ( !        
naturali/s1 r ?an among ! lov]s ( !     
ideal4 ,sev]al ( 8 pictures are at      
,milan1 9 p>ticul> t ( 8 ,purgatorio at 
,s4 ,c>lo1 execut$ ) mu* skill2 & he    
pa9t$ a good deal = 8 native place & its
 conf9es1 z well z at ,como1 :]e he     
ornam5t$ ,santa ,t]esa ) a picture ( !  
titul> sa9t1 ) lat]al squ>es1 e/eem$ "o 
( ! be/ alt>-pieces belong+ to ! city4  
,c>lo ,corn>a acquir$ equal reputation1 
?\gh 9 an opposite /yle4 ,he produc$ few
 works1 b all conduct$ ) an exquisite   
degree ( ta/e1 peculi>ly 8 own1 :i*     
r5d]s !m valuable 9 collections4 ,"o ( 8
 be/ alt>-pieces 0 pa9t$ = ,s4 ,b5$etto1
 at ! ,c]tosa1 9 ,pavia1 a picture n[   
mu* defac$ by "t1 & !re are a few o!rs  
complet$ by "o ( 8 daught]s aft] 8 dea?1

 :o add$ to !m "s orig9al pieces ( h]   
own4  ,giovanni ,mauro ,rov]e1 an arti/ 
:o ex*ang$ ! mann] ( ,camillo = t (     
,giulio ,ces>e1 0 among ! e>lie/ foll[]s
 ( ! ,procacc9i1 & might be ref]r$ to _!
 epo* f ! p]iod 9 :i* he fl\ri%$1 did n 
8 inf]ior "*1 aris+ f too great rapidity
 ( h&1 prev5t 8 admission into ! same   
rank4 ,he _h all t fire1 :i*1 :5 direct$
 ) judgm5t1 is ! s\l ( pa9t+1 b :5 abus$
 de/roys ! beauty ( ! art4 ,x 0 v seldom
 t he 0 able to comm& x1 ?\gh1 9 a      
,supp] ( our ,"l1 at ,s4 ,angelo1 9 :i* 
he us$ great c>e1 he obta9$ correspond+ 
success4 ,he _h two bro!rs1 nam$        
,giambati/a & ,m>co1 :o assi/$ him 9 8  
lab\rs bo? = *ur*es & private h\ses1 bo?
 ( :om 7 inaccurate b spirit$4 ,!y h    
left works 9 fresco1 besides "s hi/ories
 9 oil1 p]spectives1 battle-pieces1 &   
l&scapes1 to be met ) 9 almo/ e corn] ( 
! city4 ,i f9d t !y 7 also surnam$      
,rossetti1 & /ill bett] kn[n "u ! "n (  
,fiamm+h9i1 d]iv$ f _! fa!r ,ricc>do1 :o
 came f ,fl&]s to e/abli% himself at    

,milan4  ,to ^! ?ree ,rossetti1 succe$$ 
! ?ree ,santago/9i1 ( :om ! fir/1 nam$  
,giacomo ,antonio1 0 pupil to ,c>lo     
,procacc9i4 ,he gave few pieces to !    
public1 ?\gh 8 sons ,ago/9o & ,giac9to 7
 m indefatigable1 bo? conjo9tly1 z we   
may ga!r f _! two gr& hi/ories at ,s4   
,f$ele1 & sep>ately4 ,!y 7 di/+ui%$     
above mo/ ( _! contempor>ies1 m         
especially ,ago/9o4 ,he 0 ! fir/ :o     
wrote a little "w ^u ! pa9t+s ( ,milan2 
x 0 entitl$ ,l',immortalita e ,glorie   
del ,p5nello1 & publi%$ 9 #afga4 ,:atev]
 rank a book ) su* a title ought to     
assume among ! writ]s ( ! age1 x is     
c]ta9 t 8 pictures exhibit him 9 ! light
 ( a good pa9t] = 8 "t1 9 p>ticul> a    
,holy ,family1 pa9t$ = ,s4 ,aless&ro1 & 
a few o!rs among ! m highly f9i%$1 9 :i*
 he displays expression1 beauty1 &      
h>mony1 al?\gh some:at too m9ute4 ,!    
names ( ,ossana1 ,bissi1 ,ciocca1       
,c9iselli1 ) o!rs /ill less celebrat$ at
 ,milan1 ,i may v5ture to pass ov] )\t  
mu* loss to ?is hi/ory4  ,! two         

,nuvoloni1 n long s9ce m5tion$1 ?\gh    
in/ruct$ by _! fa!r1 may be said1 9 "s  
way1 to belong to ! ,procacc9i4 ,?us    
,c>lo ,francesco1 ! eld]1 e>ly adopt$ ! 
mann] ( ,giulio ,ces>e2 & 9 ,giuseppe we
 e :]e trace a composition & col\r+     
d]iv$ f t s*ool4 ,! =m]1 h[ev]1 impell$ 
by 8 g5ius1 became a foll[] ( ,guido1 & 
s f> succe$$ z to des]ve ! "n1 :i* he   
/ill enjoys1 ( ! ,guido ( ,lomb>dy4 ,he 
does n ab\nd 9 figures1 b 9 ^! he is    
pleas+ & graceful1 elegant 9 8 =ms & !  
turn & air ( 8 heads1 unit$ to a        
sweetness & h>mony ( t9ts :i* are seldom
 met )4 ,i saw "o ( 8 heads at ,s4      
,vittore1 :]e he drew ! ,miracle ( ,/4  
,pet] ov] ! ,porta ,speciosa1 & _m o!r  
pieces at ,milan1 ,p>ma1 ,cremona1      
,piac5za1 & ,como1 9 ! same excell5t    
ta/e4 ,?is arti/ 0 select$ to take !    
portrait ( ! ,que5 ( ,spa9 :5 %e visit$ 
,milan2 & !re /ill appe> 9 private h\ses
 ^? ( _m noble individuals :o employ$   
him4 ,! faces ( 8 ,madonnas are 9 high  
reque/ = collections1 "o ( :i* is 9 !   

possession ( ! ,conti del ,v]me1        
display+ all ! grace & beauty s peculi> 
to him1 & :i* he has "h p]haps indulg$  
at ! exp5se ( t dignity :i* %\ld nev] be
 lo/ sight (4 ,orl&i gives an acc\nt ( 8
 devotional ex]cises1 :i* he always     
p]=m$ previ\s to 8 pa9t+ ! portraits ( !
 ,virg94 ,i "k n :at op9ion may be =m$  
^u ?is po9t1 ei!r by 8 or my read]s4 ,= 
my own "p ,i indulge ! same peculi>     
admiration ( ?is arti/ 9 ! rank (       
pa9t]s1 z ,i d ( ,ju/us ,lipsius among  
lit]>y m51 :o1 ?\gh bo? secul>s1 always 
obs]v$ great filial piety t[>ds our     
,holy ,lady2 a piety t has desc5d$ f !  
e>lie/ fa!rs ( ! *ur*1 9 a regul> l9e1  
d[n to ! elect ( our own times4 ,8 y\ng]
 bro!r pa9t$ on a mu* l>g] scale2 boa/$ 
m pictoric fire & m fancy2 b he did n   
always display equal ta/e1 nor 0 exempt 
f h>% & sombre %ad[s t detract f 8 wor?4
 ,he 0 m indefatigable ?an ,c>lo1 pa9t+ 
n only = ! cities ( ,lomb>dy above      
m5tion$1 b = ! /ate ( ,v5ice1 & _m      
*ur*es 9 ,brescia4 ,8 pictures at ,s4   

,dom5ico 9 ,cremona1 9 p>ticul> 8 gr&   
piece ( ! ,dead ,man rais$ by ! sa9t1   
adorn$ ) beautiful ar*itecture1 &       
animat$ ) ! mo/ natural expression1 are 
among "s ( 8 be/ works4 ,!y 7 app>5tly  
execut$ 9 ! vig\r ( life1 inasmu* z !re 
are o!rs be>+ traces ( infirmity1 he    
hav+ pursu$ ! art until 8 eightie? ye>1 
9 :i* 8 dea? occurr$4  ,i _c le>n t he  
left any pupils ( note4 ,8 bro!r1 ,c>lo 
,francesco1 h[ev]1 in/ruct$ ,gioseffo   
,zanata1 extremely well v]s$ 9 ! art1   
accord+ to ! op9ion ( ,orl&i4 ,"u him1 &
 subsequ5tly "u ! ,v5etian arti/s1 /udi$
 likewise ,f$]igo ,panza1 an arti/ :o   
began ) us+ /rong %ad[s1 :i* he improv$ 
z 8 g5ius grew m mature4 ,he 0 well     
employ$ & remun]at$ by ! c\rt ( ,tur94  
,filippo ,abbiati frequ5t$ ! same s*ool1
 a man ( wond]ful tal5t1 adapt$ = works 
on an imm5se scale2 ri* 9 ideas1 &      
resolute 9 execut+ !m4 ,he pa9t$ ) a    
c]ta9 fre$om1 am\nt+ to audacity1 :i*1  
h[ev] imp]fect1 does n fail to please1 &
 w\ld h pleas$ mu* m _h he be5 bett]    

v]s$ 9 ! pr9ciples ( 8 art4 ,he 0 plac$ 
9 competition ) ,f$]igo ,bian*i1 9 ! gr&
 ceil+ ( ,s4 ,aless&ro ,m>tire1 & ) o!r 
f9e fresco pa9t]s2 & he e :]e left      
evid5ce ( a noble g5ius4 ,he appe>s to  
s+ul> advantage 9 8 ,prea*+ ( ,s4 ,john 
! ,bapti/ at ,s>ono1 a picture to :i* is
 affix$ 8 "n4 ,x has few figures1 b !y  
are f9e & v>i$1 ) /rong t9ts1 & v       
appropriate %ad[s1 :i* produce a good   
effect4 ,pietro ,maggi1 8 disciple1 0 n 
equal to him 9 g5ius1 nor did he obs]ve 
8 mod]ation & c>e4 ,giuseppe ,rivola1   
employ$ = private p]sons m ?an = !      
public1 is also des]v+ ( m5tion1 8 fell[
 citiz5s e/eem+ him among ! be/ (       
,abbiati's pupils4  ,c]ano1 ?\gh engag$ 
9 a v>iety ( o!r lab\rs1 in/ruct$ _m    
pupils1 & m p>ticul>ly ,mel*iorre       
,girald9i1 ) success4 ,he v happily     
caught ! mann] ( 8 tea*]1 easy1         
agreeable1 & h>moni\s1 b /ill inf]ior to
 him 9 ! m ma/]ly p[] ( 8 p5cil4 ,at !  
,madonna at ,s4 ,celso is se5 a picture 
( ,s4 ,cat]9a da ,si5a by 8 h&1 t has   

be5 greatly comm5d$4 ,c]ano gave him 8  
daught] 9 m>riage1 & left him ! :ole ( 8
 /udio4 ,he engrav$ 9 acqua =te "s m9ute
 hi/ories & battle-pieces 9 ! mann] (   
,callot1 & he in/ruct$ 8 son 9 ! same   
bran*1 ^: battle-pieces h be5 mu* priz$ 
9 collections4 ,he also taught a "y     
arti/ ( ,gall>ate1 nam$ ,c>lo ,cane1 :o1
 devot+ himself at a m advanc$ age to ! 
mann] ( ,morazzone1 became a great      
pr(ici5t 9 x4 ,he imitat$ ) "s success 8
 /r5g? ( col\r+ & 8 relief2 9 o!r po9ts 
he 0 common bo? 9 8 =ms & conceptions4  
,he pa9t$ "s alt>s1 & 9 ! l>g] "o ( !   
ca!dral at ,monza1 !re is "o repres5t+  
diff]5t sa9ts1 at ! feet ( :om is se5 ! 
figure ( a dog1 :i* he ins]t$ 9 all 8   
pieces1 ev5 t ( ,p>adise1 to express 8  
"n4 ,he obs]v$ an excell5t me?od 9 8    
frescos1 8 hi/ories ( ,sa9ts ,ambrogio &
 ,ugo1 :i* he pa9t$ = ! gr& *ur* ( !    
,c]tosa at ,pavia1 z well z o!rs1 /ill  
reta9+ all _! orig9al fre%ness4 ,he op5$
 s*ool at ,milan1 & we may =m an idea ( 
! "* ( 8 pupils f 8 own m$iocrity4      

,ces>e ,fiori1 inde$1 acquir$ "s degree 
( reputation1 sev]al ( ^: ornam5tal     
works on a great scale1 h be5 made      
public4 ,he too _h a s*ol> nam$ ,&rea   
,porta1 :o aim$ at cat*+ ! mann] (      
,legnan9o4 ,!re are o!rs :o approa* !   
two be/ ( ! ,c]ani1 namely1 ,giuliano   
,pozzobonelli1 an arti/ ( good cr$it1 & 
,b>tolommeo ,g5oves9i1#fj by :om !re    
rema9 works possess+ "s degree ( gr&eur2
 besides ,gio4 ,bati/a ,sec*i1 surnam$ f
 8 c\ntry ,c>avaggio1 :o pa9t$ = ,s4    
,pietro 9 ,gessato1 an alt>-piece ( !   
,epiphany ) 8 "n4    ,footnote #fj3 ,i  
?us nam$ him 9 ! =m] edition1 because   
all o!r writ]s _h s done be=e me1 b 8   
family "n      0 ,rov]io & 8 surname    
,g5oves9o4 ,see ! fir/ index4           
,morazzone _h to boa/ a num]\s li/ (    
pupils1 imitators1 & copyi/s1 bo? at    
,milan & else:]e4 ,! ,cav4 ,francesco   
,cairo reflect$ hon\r ^u ?is s*ool1 :o1 
hav+ comm5c$ 8 c>e]1 z is usual1 by     
pursu+ 8 ma/]'s foot/eps1 aft]w>ds *ang$
 8 mann] on meet+ ) bett] models1 :i* he

 /udi$ at ,rome & ,v5ice4 ,he also work$
 on a great scale1 & col\r$ ) effect1   
unit$1 h[ev]1 to a delicacy ( h& & grace
 ( expression1 altoge!r =m+ a /yle t    
surprises u by its novelty4 ,8 pictures 
( ! f\r sa9ts1 f\nd]s ( ! *ur* at ,s4   
,vittore1 ( 8 ,s4 ,t]esa swoon+ )       
cele/ial love at ,s4 ,c>lo1 8 ,s4       
,sav]io at ,br]a1 v>i\s portraits 9 !   
,titian mann]1 & o!r pieces1 public &   
private1 at ,milan1 at ,tur91 & else:]e1
 entitle him to rank high 9 ! art1 ?\gh 
he is n always free f ! reproa* ( sombre
 col\r+4 ,morazzone d]iv$ "s cr$it f !  
two bro!rs ,gioseffo & ,/efano ,dan$i1 m
 commonly call$ ! ,montalti4 ,! fir/1   
aft] be+ in/ruct$ by him 9 ! art1 became
 m ref9$ 9 8 ta/e "u ,guido ,r5i1 ( ^:  
/yle he suffici5tly p>takes1 z we may   
p]ceive 9 8 ,slaught] ( ! ,innoc5ts at  
,s4 ,seba/iano1 & 9 8 ,nunziata its     
companion4 ,/efano frequ5t$ no =eign    
s*ools t ,i "k (1 ?\gh he did n :olly   
conf9e himself to ,morazzone's mann]1 r 
aim+ at ref9+ x ^u ! example ( 8 bro!r1 

& pa9t+ ) a degree ( accuracy & /udy t  
he did n f9d recomm5d$ by ! ta/e ( 8    
times4 ,8 m>tyrdom ( ,s4 ,giu/9a1 :i* he
 produc$ = ,s4 ,m>ia 9 ,p$one1 =ms a    
specim5 ( ?is ref9em5t1 :ile x is       
moreov] exempt f t cold & languid tone  
:i* dim9i%es ! value ( 8 o!r works4 ,"o 
( ^? arti/s mo/ atta*$ to ,morazzone's  
/yle1 & :o ne>e/ approa*es him 9 !      
boldness ( 8 p5cil1 is ! ,cav4 ,isidoro 
,bian*i1 o!rwise call$ ,isidoro da      
,campione1 a bett] fresco ?an oil pa9t]1
 f :at we ga!r at ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,ambrosio
 at ,milan1 & 9 o!rs at ,como4 ,he 0    
select$ by ! ,duke ( ,savoy1 to complete
 a l>ge hall at ,rivoli1 left imp]fect  
by ! decease ( ,pi] ,francesco4 ,!re he 
0 decl>$ pa9t] to ! ducal c\rt 9 #afca4 
,ab\t ! same p]iod fl\ri%$ at ,como1    
besides ! ,bu/9i1#fa ! two bro!rs ,gio4 
,paolo & ,gio4 ,bati/a ,rec*i1 ^: *ief  
m]it 0 9 pa9t+ frescos1 disciples       
likewise ( ,morazzone4 ,^! arti/s       
decorat$ ,s4 ,giovanni1 & o!r *ur*es (  
_! native place1 two *apels at ,v>ese1 )

 o!rs 9 ! same vic9ity4 ,! second ( !m  
also became em95t beyond ! /ate1        
p>ticul>ly at ,s4 ,c>lo 9 ,tur91 :]e he 
is plac$ ne> 8 ma/]4 ,8 /yle is solid & 
/rong1 8 col\r+ =cible1 & 9 ! skill ( 8 
=e%ort5+ on ceil+s1 he yields to v few (
 8 day4 ,pa/a 9 8 ,guide = ,b]gamo has  
des]v$ly prais$ him on ?is score1 :5    
speak+ ( a ,santa ,grata1 se5 ris+ into 
heav51 a "w1 he obs]ves1 t is admirably 
delightful4 ,9 "s ( ! *amb]s ( ! ,v5]ia1
 at ,tur91 he 0 assi/$ by "o ,gio4      
,antonio 8 nephew4 ,! ,milanese ,guide  
m5tions sev]al o!r arti/s1 app>5tly1    
judg+ f _! /yle1 in/ruct$ by ! prec$+1  
su* z ,paolo ,caccianiga1 ,tommaso      
,=m5ti1 & ,giambati/a ,pozzi4           
,footnote #fa3 ,b5$etto ,crespi1 :o     
possess$1 accord+ to      ,orl&i1 a     
mann] at once /rong & elegant1 )        
,antonio      ,m>ia1 8 son & pupil1 &   
,pietro ,bian*i1 to :om he      left 8  
designs1 all ?ree call$ ,bu/9i4  ,:il/ !
 ,milanese ,s*ool 0 ?us ha/5+ to its    
close1 & no long] af=d$ ma/]s ( equal   

promise1 ei!r to ! fir/ or second ( its 
s]ies1 its y\? 7 compell$ to h rec\rse  
to ri*] & m g5u9e s\rces1 & at ?is p]iod
 began to disp]se 9 se>* ( new /yles4 ,i
 omit ! family ( ! ,cittad9i1 :i*       
e/abli%$ itself at ,bologna1 or to say  
tru?1 ,i res]ve x to its own s*ool4     
,/efano ,legnani1 call$ ,il ,legnan9o1 9
 ord] to di/+ui% him f 8 fa!r ,cri/(oro1
 a portrait-pa9t]1 became "o ( ! mo/    
celebrat$ arti/s 9 ,lomb>dy t[>ds !     
beg9n+ ( ?is c5tury1 hav+ /udi$ ! s*ools
 ( ,cignani at ,bologna1 & ,m>atta at   
,rome4 ,9 ei!r ( ^! cities he w\ld h be5
 e/eem$ "o ( ! be/ disciples ( ^! two   
ma/]s1 _h he left !re any ( 8           
productions2 al?\gh 9 c\rse ( "t he fell
 into a degree ( mann]ism4 ,he is       
ta/eful1 sob]1 & judici\s 9 8           
compositions1 ) a c]ta9 /r5g? & cle>ness
 ( col\r+1 n common among ! disciples ( 
,m>atta4 ,he became fam\s = 8 fresco    
hi/ories1 :i* are se5 at ,s4 ,m>co & at 
,s4 ,angiolo1 :]e !re is also "o ( 8    
battles1 :i* is won by ! protection (   

,/4 ,james ! ,apo/le1 :i* %ews a        
pictoric fire equal to h&l+ ! mo/       
difficult !mes4 ,he left too a v>iety ( 
works 9 ,g5oa1 ,tur91 & ,pi$mont1       
besides 8 pa9t+ ( ! cupola at ,nov>a1 9 
! *ur* ( ,s4 ,gaud5zio1 ?an :i* he      
produc$ no?+ m truly beautiful4  ,&rea  
,lanzani1 aft] receiv+ ! in/ructions (  
,sc>amuccia1 pupil to ,guido1 :o rema9$ 
= "s p]iod at ,milan1 pass$ into ! s*ool
 ( ,m>atta at ,rome4 ,b 8 g5ius f9ally  
decid$ him to adopt a less placid /yle1 
& he began to imitate ,lanfranco4 ,8 be/
 productions1 z x has be5 obs]v$ ( o!rs1
 are ^? :i* on 8 fir/ return f ,rome he 
execut$ 9 8 native place1 :ile /ill fre%
 f ! ,roman maxims & ! ,roman models4 ,a
 pro( ( ?is is se5 9 8 ,s4 ,c>lo        
,beatifi$1 :i* on c]ta9 days is exhibit$
 along ) o!r pictures 9 ! capital4 ,he  
pa9t$ also a f9e piece = ! ,ambrosian   
libr>y1 repres5t+ ! actions ( ,c>d9al   
,f$]igo1 9 :i* !re is a ri* display (   
imag9ation1 ( drap]y1 & good effect (   
*i>oscuro4 ,he is = ! mo/ "p prais$ on  

acc\nt ( 8 facility1 & ! boldness ( 8   
h&4 ,he di$ 9 ,g]many1 aft] be+ hon\r$ )
 ! title ( ,cavali]1 & left no bett]    
pupil beh9d him 9 ,italy ?an ,ottavio   
,p>odi1 :o resid$ = a long p]iod at     
,rome1 & is m5tion$ ) comm5dation by    
,orl&i4 ,f ,rome also1 & f ! s*ool (    
,ciro ,f]ri1 ,ambrogio ,besozzi return$ 
to ,milan1 9 ord] to /udy ! ,cortona    
mann] z a c\nt]poise to t ( ,m>atta4 ,b 
he *iefly employ$ himself 9 ornam5tal1 r
 ?an hi/oric pa9t+1 ?\gh v able 9 ! la/1
 z f> z we may judge f 8 ,s4 ,seba/ian1 
at ,s4 ,ambrogio4 ,he /udi$ ,pagani at  
,v5ice1 & likewise taught !re1 boa/+ !  
celebrat$ ,pellegr9i z "o ( 8 disciples4
 ,zanetti rem>ks t he introduc$ into !  
academies ( t city a new ta/e ( design =
 ! nak$ figure1 some:at ov]/ra9$1 inde$1
 b ( good effect4 ,he left !re a few    
pieces 9 public1 & return$ to close 8   
days 9 ,lomb>dy4 ,! *ur*es & collections
 ( ,milan ab\nd ) 8 pictures1 & !re are 
o!rs 9 ! ,dresd5 gall]y4  ,pietro       
,gil>di pass$ f 8 native s*ool into t ( 

,bologna1 & !re1 "u ,frances*9i &       
,giangioseffo del ,sole1 greatly improv$
 himself4 ,8 /yle is cle>1 easy1        
h>moni\s1 & adapt$ to adorn cupolas1    
ceil+s1 & magnific5t walls1 z appe>s 9 !
 refectory ( ,s4 ,vittore1 at ,milan1   
:]e 8 works d him cr$it4 ,at ,v>ese he  
complet$ ! *apel ( ! ,assumption1 aft] !
 c>toons ( ,legnan9o1 :o di$ be=e x 0   
f9i%$2 & a few ( 8 own works left       
imp]fect by dea? 71 9 _! turn1 cont9u$ &
 f9i%$ by ! ,cav4 ,gio4 ,bati/a ,sassi4 
,! /yle ( ?is arti/1 :o _h assidu\sly   
employ$ himself "u ,solim5e 9 ,naples1  
is tol]able 9 reg>d to design4 ,?\gh he 
pa9t$ = sev]al *ur*es 9 ,pavia1 & at    
,milan1 he acquir$ mo/ reputation f 8   
small pictures1 int5d$ = private        
ornam5t4 ,i am n c]ta9 :e!r he introduc$
 into ^! p>ts ^? gre5i% t9ts 9 col\r+1  
:i*1 f ,naples1 spread ?r\gh diff]5t    
s*ools1 or :e!r x came by way ( ,tur91  
:]e "o ,corrado ,giaqu9to 0 employ$ 9   
draw+ figures1 & 9 pa9t+4 ,su* me?od1   
h[ev]1 did n "h displease4 ,gioseffo    

,petr9i da ,c>ono1 pupil to ,prete (    
,g5oa1 has c>ri$ x to its highe/ po9t1  
:ile ,pi]o ,magatti ( ,v>ese is n :olly 
free f x1 :o fl\ri%$ v rec5tly3 bo? 7   
reput$ good arti/s accord+ to _! "t4    
,nor c\ld s great a city be 9 want ( "s 
,v5etian disciples1 :o h di/+ui%$       
!mselves 9 our own times2 we behold "s  
imitations ( ,piazzetta1 & "s (         
,tiepolo1 9 a few ( ! *ur*es1 x be+     
usual ) "y arti/s to foll[ liv+ ma/]s 9 
lucrative practice1 9 pref]5ce to !     
deceas$ ^: emolum5ts are pa/4 ,we ought 
"h to ins]t ! "n ( an em95t ,milanese1  
:o reflect$ hon\r on 8 native /ate 9    
=eign p>ts4 ,?is 0 ,francesco           
,caccianiga1 well kn[n at ,rome1 ?\gh   
little among 8 own c\ntrym54 ,hav+      
treat$ ( him1 h[ev]1 9 ! ,roman ,s*ool1 
,i %all m]ely recall 8 memory & m]its to
 my read]s4 ,nei!r mu/ ,i omit 8        
contempor>y1 ,antonio ,cuc*i1 :o rema9$ 
at ,milan1 n z 8 equal1 b because he    
became em95t 9 ! foot/eps ( ! ,romans1 =
 ! dilig5ce1 if n = ! _s ( 8 p5cil4 ,nor

 %all ,i pass ov] ,f]d9&o ,porta1       
di/+ui%$ = a numb] ( pictures1 conduct$ 
9 imitation ( ,coreggio2 an arti/1      
h[ev]1 too incon/ant & unequal to       
himself4 ,^! names w suffice = ! pres5t 
epo*1 :i* produc$1 inde$1 o!rs ( "s     
note1 b n kn[n beyond ! conf9es ( _! own
 /ate4 ,su* works z ! ,pitture d'       
,italia1 & ! ,nuova ,guida di ,milano1 w
 furni% ! curi\s ) in=mation respect+   
!m1 until "s fur!r acc\nts ( !m be      
pres5t$ to ! public4  ,f ! p]iod :5 !   
capital began to enc\rage ! =eign s*ools
 pref]ably to h] own1 ! cities ( ! /ate 
foll[$ ! example1 9 p>ticul> t ( ,pavia1
 :i*1 dur+ ?is la/ c5tury1 has _h to    
boa/ m pr(essors ?an any o!r /ate4 ,yet 
none ( ^! mod]ns are mu* kn[n beyond !  
prec9cts ( _! native place4 ,c>lo       
,soriani1#fb h[ev]1 des]v$ to be bett]  
kn[n1 an arti/ :o pa9t$ = ! ca!dral 8   
picture ( ! ,ros>io1 accompani$ by      
fifte5 my/]ies1 an elegant production 9 
! ta/e ( ,soi>o4 ,! s]ies ( ! arti/s    
allud$ to beg9s ) ,c>lo ,sac*i1 :o is   

said by ,orl&i to h be5 taught by ,rosso
 ( ,pavia1 b mo/ probably by ,c>lantonio
 ,rossi1 a ,milanese1 :o pa9t$ = !      
ca!dral ( ,pavia 8 ,s4 ,siro1 & two     
lat]al pieces 9 ! be/ ,procacc9i ta/e1 &
 is describ$ 9 ! ,abbecc$]io z an       
ecc5tric man1 ?\gh well v]s$ 9 8 art4   
,sac*i cont9u$ 8 /udies at ,rome &      
,v5ice1 & :5 he wi%$ to imitate ,paul   
,v]onese1 z 9 8 ,miracle ( ! ,dead      
resuscitat$ by ,s4 ,jacopo1 :i* is plac$
 at ! ,oss]vanti1 he succe$$ admirably1 
%ew+ himself a good col\ri/1 spl5did 9  
ornam5t1 spirit$ 9 attitude1 except t 9 
^! he is some:at extravagant & affect$4 
,he suppli$ diff]5t collections1 & ,i   
saw an ,adam & ,eve by him 9 possession 
( ! ,cav4 ,brambilla at ,pavia1 entitl$ 
to a place 9 t f9e collection4 ,x is    
d\btful :e!r ,gio4 ,bati/a ,tass9>i     
ought to be rank$ among 8 fell[         
disciples1 if we only reg>d ! p]iod 9   
:i* he fl\ri%$4 ,b we may ) m c]ta9ty1  
^u ,orl&i's au?ority1 pron\nce ,c>lo    
,b]sotti to h be5 8 pupil1 an excell5t  

arti/ 9 inf]ior bran*es1 to :i* he      
conf9$ himself4 ,tommaso ,gatti1 toge!r 
) ,b]n>d9o ,cic]i1 71 h[ev]1 8 be/      
pupils1 ! fir/ ( :om pursu$ 8 /udies at 
,v5ice1 ! second at ,rome1 & bo? succe$$
 at lea/ z practical arti/s4 ,gatti     
in/ruct$ ,m>cantonio ,pell9i1 & !n      
consign$ him to ! s*ools ( ,v5ice &     
,bologna1 :i* did n c>ry him beyond !   
sph]e ( 8 ma/]4 ,cic]i 0 succe$$ by 8   
disciple ,gioseffo ,cra/ona1 :o1 embu$ )
 ,roman erudition1 became a pa9t] (     
figures & ( l&scapes 9 t city1 ( :i* a  
numb] may be se5 at ,pavia4 ,among !    
late/ are ,pi]antonio ,b>bi]i1 pupil to 
,ba/iano ,ricci1 & ,c>lantonio ,bian*i1 
a disciple ( ! ,roman mann]4 ,! arti/s  
:om ,i h describ$ almo/ 9 a s]ies1 h    
fill$ all ! *ur*es ( ,pavia1 ?\gh _m1 ) 
_! respective pa9t+s & _! frescos1      
conf]r+ additional novelty p]haps1 b    
little additional spl5dor ^u _! native  
/ate2 & no "o visits ,pavia altoge!r on 
_! acc\nt4    ,footnote #fb3 ,he is ?us 
call$ by ,b>toli4  ,o!rs also belong+ to

 ! /ate & its vic9ity1 ab\t ! "t (      
,sac*i1 quitt$ _! native place1 & became
 celebrat$ 9 o!r qu>t]s2 z ,mola1 ( !   
/ate ( ,como1 ( :om we h treat$2 &      
,pietro de' ,pietri1 :o1 born 9 !       
,nov>ese1 /udi$ & di$ at ,rome1 :]e he  
has be5 comm5d$ by u 9 ! s*ool (        
,m>atta4 ,antonio ,sac*i1 also a native 
( ,como1 acquir$ 8 k at ,rome1 :5ce     
return+ into ,lomb>dy1 he und]took to   
pa9t a cupola = 8 native place1 b fix+  
on too high a po9t ( p]spective1 he made
 8 figures s gigantic t he broke 8 he>t 
& di$4 ,f ,como likewise sprung "o ,fra 
,emanuele1 ( ! ord] ( ! ,m9ori ,ri=mati1
 ^: "n is incorrectly ins]t$ by ,orl&i 9
 ! ,abbecc$>io1 z a self-taught pa9t]4  
,! fact is1 t on be+ s5t to reside at   
,mess9a1 he became a pupil to ,silla1 & 
improv+ ! feeble mann] he _h acquir$ 9 8
 native t[n1 he decorat$ a numb] (      
places belong+ to 8 ord]1 bo? 9 ,rome & 
,sicily1 9 a bett] ta/e4 ,!re are two ( 
8 pictures at ,como1 at ! ,ri=mati2 a   
,supp] 9 ! refectory1 feebly execut$ 9 !

 /yle ( ! decl9+ s*ool ( ,milan1 & a    
,pieta 9 ! *ur*1 ) diff]5t sa9ts1 9 a   
bett] mann]2 su* is ! advantage (       
practice1 reflection1 & good guidance   
ev5 at a mature age4  ,?is epo* produc$ 
a f9e p]spective pa9t]1 ( :om m5tion is 
made "u ! ,roman ,s*ool1 9 :i* he /udi$ 
& left "s works4 ,?is is ,gio4 ,*isolfi1
 a pupil ( ,salvator ,rosa1 :o1 on 8    
return to ,milan1 besides 8 ar*itectural
 pieces1 :i* 7 e/eem$ among ! v fir/1   
devot$ himself to l>ge hi/ories &       
alt>-pieces1 & execut$ frescos 9 a good 
ta/e = ! ,c]tosa ( ,pavia1 & ! ,santu>io
 ( ,v>ese4 ,he 0 foll[$ ) success by "o 
( 8 nephews1 ,b]n>do ,rac*etti1 ^:      
p]spectives1 no less ?an ^? ( ,clem5te  
,sp]a1 are frequ5tly met ) 9            
collections4 ,torre makes m5tion also ( 
a native ( ,lucca1 :o succe$$ 9         
p]spective & 9 figures1 nam$ ,paolo     
,p9i4 ,i h se5 only ( 8 a hi/ory (      
,rahab1 at ,s4 ,m>ia di ,campagna1 at   
,piac5za1 ( :i* ! ar*itecture is v f9e1 
! figures light & t\*$ ) a spirit$ h&4  

,9 ext5sive works ( ornam5tal fresco1   
,pi] ,francesco ,pr9a is comm5d$ by     
,orl&i1 ) ! two ,m>iani1 ,dom5ico & 8   
son ,gioseffo4 ,! fa!r rema9$ /ation>y  
at ,milan1 & educat$1 among o!r pupils1 
,ca/ell9o da ,monza2 b ! son visit$     
,bologna1 & !re succe$$ 9 improv+ 8     
pat]nal mann] s z to di/+ui% himself    
?r\gh\t ,italy & ,g]many4 ,^! names w   
suffice to give a view ( a p]iod1 n     
rem>kable = ! be/ ta/e 9 ?is species (  
pa9t+4  ,fabio ,c]uti 0 a l&scape pa9t] 
( "s repute 9 ! /yle ( ,agricola 8 ma/]4
 ,8 pictures are pretty num]\s1 bo?     
?r\gh\t ! city & ! /ate4 ,m5tion is also
 made ( "o ,p]ug9i1 record$ by ! ,cav4  
,ratti1 9 8 life ( ,aless&ro ,magnasco (
 ,g5oa1 call$ ,lis&r9o4 ,! latt]1       
educat$ 9 ! s*ool ( ,abbiati1 & a long  
"t resid5t 9 ,milan1 add$ to ! pictures 
( ,p]ug9i1 ( ,sp]a1 & o!r arti/s1 small 
figures ( su* m]it z w be entitl$ to a  
p>ticul> description 9 8 native s*ool4  
,9 compositions ( a m9or bran*1 :olly   
execut$ by himself1 ,magnasco may be    

pron\nc$ an able arti/1 especially 9 ^? 
dim9utive pieces on ! ,flemi% scale1    
consi/+ ( *ildi% sc5es & repres5tations 
( a popul> ca/1 ) :i* he decorat$ _m    
collections4 ,he also op5$ s*ool at     
,milan1 & 0 imitat$ by ,coppa & o!r     
arti/s1 ?\gh ,ba/iano ,ricci approa*$   
him ! ne>e/ ( any1 possess+ a wond]ful  
v]satility ( g5ius 9 respect to         
imitation4 ,9 a simil> ta/e ,m>t9o      
,cign>oli pa9t$ at ,milan1 :o _h acquir$
 at ,v]ona & at ! s*ool ( ,c>pioni1     
s+ul> skill 9 conduct+ pictures =       
private cab9ets4 ,he e/abli%$ himself   
toge!r ) ,pietro 8 bro!r & 8 family1 9  
?is 8 new abode1 :]e he _h a son nam$   
,scipione1 :o became a good l&scape     
pa9t] at ,rome1 & subsequ5tly fl\ri%$ at
 ,milan & at ,tur94  ,ab\t ! ye> #agjj  
,lor5zo ,com5di* e/abli%$ himself 9 !   
=m] ( ^! cities1 an arti/ already       
record$ 9 ?is "w among ! disciples (    
,monti4 ,9 ! resid5ce ( ! ,b>on ,m>t9i1 
8 patron1 he produc$ a v>iety ( works1 !
 mo/ comm5d$ among :i* 0 8 ,battle (    

,luzz>a1 won by ,l\is ,,xiv41 :o is said
 to h beheld x1 z repres5t$ by ?is      
arti/1 ) s+ul> pleasure4  ,9 pictures ( 
h]ds ( animals ( e k9d1 m p]haps ?an = 8
 human figures1 ,c>lo ,cane rose into "s
 repute4 ,orl&i likewise greatly comm5ds
 ,angiolm>ia ,crivelli 9 ! same bran*1  
?\gh ,i h se5 no?+ f 8 h& entitl+ him to
 s mu* eulogy4 ,at ,milan ?is arti/ is  
kn[n by ! "n ( ,crivellone1 9 di/9ction 
to 8 son ,jacopo1 ^: pr9cipal m]it lay 9
 8 draw+s ( birds & fi%es4 ,he 0 mu*    
employ$ by ! c\rt ( ,p>ma1 & di$ 9      
#agfj4 ,/ill ne>] u 9 po9t ( "t is      
,londonio1 an arti/ also ( "s repute = 8
 h]ds ( cattle3 8 rural & pa/oral views 
are 9 possession ( ! ,c\nts ,greppi1 &  
o!r noble h\ses4 ,at ,como fl\ri%$ "o   
,mad]no1 ^: skill consi/$ 9 draw+ all   
k9d ( kit*5 furniture1 9 ! ta/e ( !     
,bassani1 ) :om less exp]i5c$ judges are
 apt to conf\nd him4 ,i h se5 sev]al    
small pictures by him 9 possession ( !  
,c\nts ,giovio1 t display great beauty4 
,he 0 also a f9e fl[]-pa9t]1 ?\gh he 0  

"h surpass$ by ,m>io de' ,cresp9i1 "o ( 
8 pupils1 ^: productions are int]sp]s$  
?r\gh\t 8 own & ! adjac5t cities4 ,( "s 
o!r arti/s ( inf]ior note ,i h giv5     
acc\nts 9 diff]5t places4  ,x rema9s =  
me to m5tion a ?ird academy :i* 0 f\nd$ 
at ,milan 9 #agge1 by t di/+ui%$        
pr9cess1 ,m>ia ,t]esa1 & :i* 0 aft]w>ds 
inv>iably enc\rag$ by new b5efactions f 
h] two sons1 ! emp]ors ,joseph &        
,leopold1 & by _! successor to !        
,empire1 ,francis ,,ii4 :o1 amid/ all ! 
di/ractions ( w>1 is n unm9dful ( !     
prosp]ity ( ! f9e arts4 ,! complete     
in/itutions ( :i* ?is academy _h to     
boa/1 ev5 9 its outset1 are describ$ 9 a
 comp5di\s mann] by its accompli%$      
secret>y1 9 8 "w entitl$ ! ,new ,guide1 
already frequ5tly cit$4 ,9 ?is we f9d an
 acc\nt ( ! numb]1 ! v>iety1 & ! m]it ( 
! diff]5t pr(essors2 ! collections (    
models1 ( designs1 ( pr9ts1 & ( books1  
:i* are !re provid$ = ! use ( ! /ud5ts2 
to :i* he adds ! me?ods ( education !re 
inculcat$1 to ! great b5efit ( ! nation1

 :i* has already1 = "s "t pa/1 be5 embu$
 ) a m ref9$ ta/e1 & display$ a m ext5d$
 cultivation4                      ,,end
 ,,( ,,vol4 ,,iv4                ,j4    
,m',cre]y1 ,tooks ,c\rt1                
,*anc]y-lane1 ,london4     ,transcrib]'s
 ,notes  ,punctuation1 use ( hyph5s1 &  
acc5t m>ks 7 /&>diz$4 ,obsolete &       
alt]native spell+s 7 left un*ang$4 ,=   
example1 ! au?or consi/5tly uses        
',bon>ruoti' r ?an ! usual ',buon>roti1'
 'access>ies' = 'accessories1' &        
'canvass' = 'canvas4'  ,footnotes 7     
ind5t$ & mov$ to foll[ ! p>agraph 9 :i* 
! an*or occurs4  ,! foll[+ *anges 7 made
 = consi/5cy )9 ! text3    ',mi*el      
,angiolo' to ',mi*elangiolo'   'rilievo'
 to 'relievo'   'intitl$' to 'entitl$'  
,additional *anges3    '#ajf' to '#bjf' 
9 ! ,table ( ,cont5ts1 ,s*ool ( ,milan1 
,epo* ,i   ',wms]' to ',wums]'          
',bati/a' to ',batti/a'   'imtator' to  
'imitator'   'musaici/s' to 'mosaici/s' 
'developem5t' to 'developm5t'   'recal' 
to 'recall'   ',coregio' to ',coreggio' 

'begun' to 'began' 444 :5 ! ,cortona    
mann] began to lose gr\nd 444           
',boccacc9i' to ',boccacc9o'   add$ 'to'
 444 nor yet has he ref]r$ to him z a   
pupil 444   'p\rtray$' to 'portray$'    
',moni/]o' to ',mona/]o'   ',&ai' to    
'&ai'   ',br5ghel' to ',breughel'