,! ,traditional ,text ( ! ,holy ,gospels ,v9dicat$ & ,e/abli%$ ,by ! ,late ,john ,william ,burgon1 ,b4,d4 ,dean ( ,*i*e/] ,arrang$1 ,complet$1 & ,edit$ by ,edw>d ,mill]1 ,m4,a4 ,late ,rector ( ,bucknell1 ,oxon2 ,editor ( ! ,f\r? ,edition ( ,dr4 ,scriv5]'s 8,pla9 ,introduction to ! ,textual ,criticism ( ! ,new ,te/am5t02 & ,au?or ( 8,a ,guide to ! ,textual ,criticism ( ! ,new ,te/am5t0 ,,phil4 i4 #a ,london ,george ,bell ,& ,sons ,cambridge3 ,deighton1 ,bell & ,co4 #ahif ,,cont5ts ,preface4 ,introduction4 ,*apt] ,i4 ,prelim9>y ,gr\nds4 ,*apt] ,,ii4 ,pr9ciples4 ,*apt] ,,iii4 ,! ,sev5 ,notes ,( ,tru?4 ,*apt] ,,iv4 ,! ,vatican ,& ,s9aitic ,manuscripts4 ,*apt] ,v4 ,! ,antiquity ( ! ,traditional ,text4 ,i4 ,witness ( ! ,e>ly ,fa!rs4 ,*apt] ,,vi4 ,! ,antiquity ,( ,! ,traditional ,text4 ,,ii4 ,witness ( ! ,e>ly ,syriac ,v]sions4 ,*apt] ,,vii4 ,! ,antiquity ,( ,! ,traditional ,text4 ,,iii4 ,witness ( ! ,we/]n or ,syrio-,l[-,lat9 ,text4 ,*apt] ,,viii4 ,alex&ria & ,caes>ea4 ,*apt] ,,ix4 ,! ,old ,uncials4 ,! ,influ5ce ,( ,orig54 ,*apt] ,x4 ,! ,old ,uncials4 ,codex ,d4 ,*apt] ,,xi4 ,! ,lat] ,uncials ,& ,! ,cursives4 ,*apt] ,,xii4 ,conclusion4 ,app5dix ,i4 ,honeycomb-- 4 ,app5dix ,,ii4 --,v9eg>4 ,app5dix ,,iii4 ,! ,ri* ,"y ,man4 ,app5dix ,,iv4 ,/4 ,m>k i4 #a4 ,app5dix ,v4 ,! ,sceptical ,"* ,( ,b ,& 4 ,app5dix ,,vi4 ,! ,pe%itto ,& ,curetonian4 ,app5dix ,,vii4 ,! ,la/ ,twelve ,v]ses ,( ,/4 ,m>k's ,gospel4 ,app5dix ,,viii4 ,new ,editions ,( ,! ,pe%itto-,syriac ,& ,! ,h>kleian-,syriac ,v]sions4 ,g5]al ,index4 ,index ,,ii4 ,passages ,( ,! ,new ,te/am5t ,comm5t$ ,on4 ,footnotes 8,t5et ecclesia no/ra1 t5uitque semp] firmam illam et immotam ,t]tulliani regulam #8,id v]ius quod prius1 id prius quod ab initio4' ,quo propius ad v]itatis fontem acc$imus1 eo purior decurrit ,ca?olicae doctr9ae rivus40--,,cave',s ,proleg4 p4 xliv4 8,int]rogate de semitis antiquis quae sit via bona1 et ambulate 9 e40--,j]em4 vi4 #af4 8,9 summa1 si con/at id v]ius quod prius1 id prius quod ab initio1 id ab initio quod ab ,apo/olis2 p>it] utique con/abit1 id esse ab ,apo/olis traditum1 quod apud ,ecclesias ,apo/olorum fu]it sacrosanctum40--,,t]tull4 adv4 ,m>c4 l4 iv4 c4 #e4 ,,preface4 ,! dea? ( ,dean ,burgon 9 #ahhh1 lam5t$ by a l>ge numb] ( p on ! o!r side ( ! ,atlantic z well z on ?is1 cut him (f 9 ! e>ly "p ( a task = :i* he _h made prep>ations dur+ m ?an ?irty ye>s4 ,he laid ! f\ndations ( 8 sy/em ) mu* c>e & caution1 discuss+ x ) 8 fri5ds1 su* z ! late ,e>l ( ,selborne to :om he inscrib$ ,! ,la/ ,twelve ,v]ses1 & ! pres5t ,e>l ( ,cranbrook to :om he d$icat$ ,! ,revision ,revis$1 = ! purpose ( s\nd+ ! dep?s ( ! subject1 & ( be+ sure t he 0 re/+ ^u firm rock4 ,9 ord] to enl>ge ! g5]al basis ( ,sacr$ ,textual ,criticism1 & to treat ( ! pr9ciples ( x sci5tifically & compreh5sively1 he exam9$ manuscripts widely1 mak+ _m discov]ies at home & 9 =eign libr>ies2 collat$ "s himself & got _m collat$ by o!r s*ol>s2 enc\rag$ new & critical editions ( "s ( ! *ief ,v]sions2 & above all1 he devis$ & sup]9t5d$ a collection ( quotations f ! ,new ,te/am5t to be f\nd 9 ! works ( ! ,fa!rs & 9 o!r ecclesia/ical writ+s1 go+ f> beyond ord9>y indexes1 :i* may be f\nd 9 sixte5 ?ick volumes among/ ! treasures ( ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,v>i\s ev5ts l$ him dur+ 8 life-"t to dip into & publi% "s ( 8 /ores1 su* z 9 8 ,la/ ,twelve ,v]ses ( ,/4 ,m>k1 8 fam\s ,lett]s to ,dr4 ,scriv5] 9 ! ,gu>dian ,newspap]1 & 9 ,! ,revision ,revis$4 ,b he s$ul\sly amass$ mat]ials = ! great] treatise up to ! "t ( 8 dea?4 ,he 0 !n deeply impress$ ) ! incomplete /ate ( 8 docum5ts2 & gave positive in/ructions solely = ! publication ( 8 ,text ( ! ,gospels z m>k$ 9 ! m>g9 ( "o ( ,scriv5]'s editions ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 ( 8 disquisition on 8honeycomb0 :i* z exhibit+ a specim5 ( 8 admirable me?od ( criticism w be f\nd 9 ,app5dix ,i ( ?is volume1 & p]haps ( t on 9 ,app5dix ,,ii1 leav+ ! entire "q z to publi%+ ! re/ to 8 nephew1 ! ,rev4 ,w4 ,f4 ,rose1 ) ! help ( myself1 if ,i w\ld und]take ! edit+ requir$1 & ( o!rs4 ,! sep>ate pap]s1 :i* 7 committ$ to my *>ge 9 ,febru>y1 #ahhi1 7 conta9$ 9 =ty portfolios1 & accord+ to my catalogue am\nt$ to #b1chc4 ,!y 7 gr\p$ "u v>i\s head+s1 & "s 7 plac$ 9 "o set z 8,introductory ,matt]0 ready = ! pr9t]4 ,mo/ _h be5 copi$ out 9 a cle> h&1 especially by 8,m4,w40 m5tion$ 9 ! ,preface ( ! ,revision ,revis$1 to :om also ,i am greatly indebt$ = copy+ o!rs4 ,! pap]s 7 ( l5g?s v>y+ f f\rte5 pages or m d[n to a s+le s5t5ce or a s+le ref]5ce4 ,"s 7 almo/ duplicates1 & a v few simil>ly triplicates4 ,aft] catalogu+1 ,i report$ to ,mr4 ,rose1 sugge/+ a *oice betwe5 ?ree plans1 viz41 #a4 ,publi%+ sep>ately accord+ to ! ,dean's in/ructions su* pap]s z 7 judg$ to be fit = publication1 & leav+ ! re/3-- #b4 ,to put toge!r a ,"w on ! ,pr9ciples ( ,textual ,criticism out ( ! ,,mss41 z f> z !y w\ld g3-- #c4 ,to make up :at 0 ready & fit into a ,book1 supply+ f ! re/ ( ! mat]ials & f else:]e :at 0 want+ besides fill+ up gaps z well z ,i c\ld1 & out ( ! re/ 7z well z f ! ,dean's publi%$ works7 to con/ruct brief notes on ! ,text :i* we _h to publi%4 ,?is report 0 s5t to ,dr4 ,scriv5]1 ,dean ,g\lburn1 ,sir ,edw>d ,maunde ,?ompson1 & o!r di/+ui%$ s*ol>s1 & ! unanim\s op9ion 0 express$ t ! ?ird ( ^! plans %\ld be adopt$4 ,n lik+ to enc\nt] ,tot et tanta negotia solus1 ,i invit$ at ! op5+ ( #ahij ! ,rev4 ,g4 ,h4 ,gwilliam1 ,fell[ ( ,h]t=d ,college1 & ! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,wall]1 ,pr9cipal ( ,/4 ,john's ,hall1 ,highbury--a man ( ma!matical accuracy--to read ov] at my h\se ! fir/ draft ( a l>ge portion ( ,volume ,i4 ,to my loss1 ,dr4 ,wall] has be5 too busy s9ce t "t to af=d me any help1 except :at may be f\nd 9 8 valuable comp>ison ( ! texts ( ! ,pe%itto & ,curetonian pr9t$ 9 ,app5dix ,,vi3 b ,mr4 ,gwilliam has be5 ready ) advice & help all along :i* h be5 ( ! greate/ advantage to me especially on ! ,syriac "p ( ! subject1 & has look$ ?r\gh all ! fir/ pro(s ( ?is volume4 ,x 0 aft]w>ds =c$ ^u my m9d t if possible ! ,indexes to ! ,fa!rs ought to be includ$ 9 ! "w4 ,inde$ no book c\ld adequately repres5t ,dean ,burgon's lab\rs :i* did n include 8 app>atus criticus 9 t prov9ce ( ,textual ,criticism1 9 :i* he has %ewn himself s facile pr9ceps1 t no "o 9 ,engl&1 or ,g]many1 or else:]e1 has be5 z yet able to come ne> him4 ,) ,sir ,e4 ,maunde ,?ompson's k9d help1 ,i h be5 able to get ! "p ( ! ,indexes :i* relates to ! ,gospels copi$ 9 type-writ+1 & !y w be publi%$ 9 c\rse ( "t1 ,god will+1 if ! le>n$ _w ev9ces suffici5t int]e/ 9 ! publication ( !m4 ,un=tunately1 :5 9 #ahij ,i _h complet$ a fir/ arrangem5t ( ,volume ,,ii1 my heal? gave way2 & aft] va9ly endeav\r+ = a ye> to comb9e ?is sev]e toil ) ! conduct ( a liv+1 ,i resign$ ! latt]1 & mov$ into ,ox=d to devote myself exclusively to ! important "w ( turn+ ! unpubli%$ results ( ! skilful fai?fulness & ! indefatigable le>n+ ( t 8gr& s*ol>0--to use ,dr4 ,scriv5]'s phrase--t[>ds ! settlem5t ( ! pr9ciples t %\ld regulate ! asc]ta9m5t ( ! ,div9e ,words con/itut+ ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,! difficulty to be surm\nt$ lay 9 ! fact t aft] all 0 ga!r$ out ( ! ,dean's rema9s t 0 suitable = ! purpose1 & :5 gaps ( small] or great] size 7 fill$1 z has be5 done ?r\gh\t ! s]ies ( unf9i%$ & unconnect$ ,,mss41 !re 0 /ill a l>ge space to cov] )\t ! ,ma/]'s help 9 cov]+ x4 ,"t & rese>* & ?\ght 7 alike necess>y4 ,consequ5tly1 ^u advice1 ,i accept$ an (f] to edit ! f\r? edition ( ,scriv5]'s ,pla9 ,introduction1 & al?\gh t extremely labori\s accompli%m5t occupi$ f> m "t ?an 0 anticipat$1 yet 9 ! ev5t x has greatly help$ ! execution ( my task4 ,nev] yet1 be=e or s9ce ,dean ,burgon's dea?1 has !re be5 su* an opportunity z ! pres5t4 ,! g5]al app>atus criticus has be5 va/ly increas$2 ! field ( palaeography has be5 greatly enl>g$ ?r\gh ! discov]ies 9 ,egypt2 & !re is a feel+ abroad t we are on ! br9k ( an improvem5t 9 sy/ems & !ories rec5tly 9 vogue4 ,on return+ to ! "w1 ,i f\nd t ! key to ! removal ( ! *ief difficulty 9 ! way ( su* improvem5t lay 9 an infl[ ( light ^u :at may p]haps be t]m$ z to ?is subject ! ,pre-manuscriptal ,p]iod1--hi!rto ! d>k age ( ,sacr$ ,textualism1 :i* prec$es :at 0 once 8! ye> "o0 ( ,palaeography4 ,accord+ly1 ,i made a toilsome exam9ation = myself ( ! quotations occurr+ 9 ! writ+s ( ! ,fa!rs be=e ,/4 ,*ryso/om1 or z ,i def9$ !m 9 ord] to draw a self-act+ l9e1 ( ^? :o di$ be=e #djj ,a4,d41 ) ! result t ! ,traditional ,text is f\nd to /& 9 ! g5]al proportion ( #c3b aga9/ o!r v>iations1 & 9 a mu* high] proportion ^u ?irty te/ passages4 ,aft]w>ds1 n be+ satisfi$ ) re/+ ! basis ( my argum5t ^u "o scrut9y1 ,i w5t aga9 ?r\gh ! writ+s ( ! sev5ty-six ,fa!rs conc]n$ 7) limitations expla9$ 9 ?is book71 besides o!rs :o yield$ no evid5ce1 & ,i f\nd t al?\gh sev]al m in/ances 7 consequ5tly ent]$ 9 my note-book1 ! g5]al results rema9$ almo/ ! same4 ,i d n flatt] myself t ev5 n[ ,i h record$ all ! in/ances t c\ld be adduc$3--any "o :o is really acqua9t$ ) ?is "w w "k t su* a feat is absolutely impossible1 because su* p]fection _c be obta9$ except aft] _m repeat$ ef=ts4 ,b ,i claim1 n only t my attempts h be5 hone/ & fair ev5 to self-abnegation1 b t ! g5]al results :i* are mu* m ?an is requir$ by my argum5t1 z is expla9$ 9 ! body ( ?is "w1 abundantly e/abli% ! antiquity ( ! ,traditional ,text1 by prov+ ! sup]ior acceptance ( x dur+ ! p]iod at /ake to t ( any o!r4 ,inde$1 ^! exam9ations h seem$ to me1 n only to c>ry back ! ,traditional ,text satisfactorily to ! fir/ age1 b to lead also to solutions ( sev]al difficult problems1 :i* are n[ pres5t$ to our read]s4 ,! weal? ( ,,mss4 to :i* ! ,fa!rs introduce u at second-h& c only be und]/ood by ^? :o may g ?r\gh ! writ+s ( _m ( !m ) ?is view2 & outnumb]s ov] & ov] aga9 be=e ! ye> #ajjj all ! contemporane\s ,greek ,,mss4 :i* h come d[n to u1 n to speak ( ! ye>s to :i* no ,,mss4 t are n[ extant are 9 ! op9ion ( all exp]ts f\nd to belong4 ,x is due bo? to ,dean ,burgon & to myself to say t we came toge!r aft] hav+ work$ on indep5d5t l9es1 ?\gh ,i am b\nd to ackn[l$ge my great debt to 8 writ+s4 ,at fir/ we did n agree ?or\ghly 9 op9ion1 b ,i f\nd aft]w>ds t he 0 "r & ,i 0 wrong4 ,x is a pro( ( ! unify+ p[] ( our pr9ciples1 t z to our sy/em !re is n[ absolutely no diff]5ce betwe5 u1 ?\gh on m9or po9ts1 g5]ally outside ( ?is imm$iate subject1 we d n always exactly concur4 ,?\gh ,i h ! ,dean's example = alt]+ 8 writ+s l>gely ev5 :5 !y 7 9 type1 z he nev] fail$ to d1 yet 9 loyalty ,i h delay$ alt]ations z long z ,i c\ld1 & h only made !m :5 ,i 0 c]ta9 t ,i 0 introduc+ "s improvem5t1 & m (t5 ?an n ^u advice pr(f]$ to me by o!rs4 ,our co9cid5ce is p]haps expla9$ by our hav+ be5 born :5 ,evangelical e>ne/ness affect$ all religi\s life1 by our hav+ be5 tra9$ "u ! ,high ,*ur* movem5t1 & at lea/ 9 my case mell[$ "u ! m mod]ate wid5+ caus$ by influ5ces :i* prevail$ 9 ,ox=d = "s ye>s aft] #ahdh4 ,c]ta9ly1 ! compreh5siv5ess & exhau/iv5ess--probably 9 imitation ( ,g]man me?od--:i* _h be=e *>act]iz$ ,dr4 ,pusey's treatm5t ( any subject1 & f\nd an exemplification 9 ,pr(essor ,freeman's hi/orical rese>*es1 & :i* 0 z ,i ?9k to be se5 9 ! action ( ! be/ spirits ( ! ,ox=d ( #ahdh-ef--to quote my own exp]i5ce1--lay at ! root & con/itut$ ! life ( ,burgon's sy/em1 & ! ma9t5ance ( ^! pr9ciples s f> z we c\ld at :atev] co/ =m$ ! l9k betwe5 u4 ,to ca/ away at lea/ n9ete5-tw5tie?s ( ! evid5ce on po9ts & to draw conclusions f ! petty rema9d]1 seems to u to be necess>ily n less ev5 ?an a crime & a s91 n only by reason ( ! sacrilegi\s de/ructiv5ess ex]cis$ !reby ^u ,holy ,writ1 b also because su* a me?od is inconsi/5t ) consci5ti\s exhau/iv5ess & logical me?od4 ,p]fectly famili> ) all t c be & is advanc$ 9 fav\r ( su* proc$ure1 mu/ we n say t h>dly any worse patt]n ?an ?is 9 inve/igations & conclusions c\ld be pres5t$ be=e "y m5 at ! critical "t :5 !y are ent]+ ^u habits ( =m+ judgem5ts :i* are to c>ry !m ?r\gh life8 ,has ! ov]-specialism :i* has be5 9 vogue ( late ye>s promot$ ! acceptance ( ! !ory be=e u1 because x may h be5 "u specializ+ influ5ces =gott51 t ! really accompli%$ man %\ld aim at kn[+ some?+ ( ev]y?+ else z well z kn[+ ev]y?+ ( ! ?+ to :i* he is devot$1 s9ce n>r[ness 9 inve/igation & neglect ( all b a fav\rite !ory is likely to result f s exclusive an attitude8 ,! importance ( ! "q at /ake is (t5 und]rat$4 ,dr4 ,philip ,s*aff 9 8 well-kn[n 8,companion0 7p4 #agf71--;z ,dr4 ,e4 ,ne/le ( ,ulm 9 "o ( 8 bro*ures 78,e9 cet]um c5seo zur neute/am5tli*5 ,textkritik07 :i* he has k9dly s5t me1 has po9t$ out1--obs]ves t :]eas ,mill reckon$ ! v>iations to am\nt to #cj1jjj1 & ,scriv5] suppos$ t !y h s9ce increas$ to f\r times z mu*1 !y 8_c n[ fall mu* %ort ( #aej1jjj40 ,?is am\nt is appall+1 & mo/ ( !m are ( a petty "*4 ,b "s involve highly important passages1 & ev5 ,hort has reckon$ 7,introduction1 p4 #b7 t ! disput$ in/ances rea* ab\t "o-eigh? ( ! :ole4 ,is x too /rong !re=e to say1 t we live ov] a volcano1 ) a cru/ ( e>? ( n too great a ?ickness ly+ betwe58 ,! fir/ half ( our case is n[ pres5t$ 9 ?is ,volume1 :i* is a complete treatise 9 itself4 ,a second w ,i hope foll[ at an e>ly date1 conta9+ a disquisition on ! ,causes ( ! ,corruption ( ! ,traditional ,text2 &1 ,i am glad to say1 w consi/ almo/ exclusively ( ,dean ,burgon's own compositions4 ,i ask f ,critics :o may n ass5t to all our conclusions a c&id consid]ation ( our case1 :i* is re/$ solely ^u argum5t & reason ?r\gh\t4 ,?is explanation made by ! ,dean ( 8 sy/em 9 calm] times & 9 a m didactic =m _c1 z ,i ?9k1 fail to remove mu* prejudice4 ,if we seem at fir/ sight any:]e to leap f reason+ to dogmatism1 our read]s w discov]1 ,i believe1 ^u r5ew$ obs]vation t at lea/ f our po9t ( view t is n s4 ,if we appe> to speak too positively1 we h done ?is1 n f confid5ce 9 any private judgem5t1 b because we are sure1 at lea/ 9 our own m9ds1 t we express ! v]dict ( all ! ages & all ! c\ntries4 ,may ! great ,head ( ! ,*ur* bless our ef=t on behalf ( ! integrity ( ,8 ,holy ,^w1 if n accord+ to our plan & purpose1 yet 9 ! way t seeme? ,him be/6 ,edw>d ,mill]4 #i ,,bradmore ,,road1 ,,ox=d3 ,epiphany #ahif4 ,,introduction4 ,a few rem>ks at ! outset ( ?is treatise1 :i* 0 left imp]fect by ,dean ,burgon at 8 unexpect$ dea?1 may make ! object & scope ( x m intelligible to _m read]s4 ,textual ,criticism ( ! ,new ,te/am5t is a close inquiry into :at is ! g5u9e ,greek--! true text ( ! ,holy ,gospels1 ( ! ,acts ( ! ,apo/les1 ( ! ,paul9e & ,apo/olic ,epi/les1 & ! ,revelation4 ,inasmu* z x conc]ns ! text alone1 x is conf9$ to ! ,l[] ,criticism accord+ to ,g]man nom5clature1 j z a critical exam9ation ( mean+1 ) all its att5dant ref]5ces & connexions1 w\ld con/itute ! ,high] ,criticism4 ,x is ?us ! necess>y prelude ( any sci5tific inve/igation ( ! language1 ! purport1 & ! tea*+ ( ! v>i\s books ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 & ought itself to be conduct$ ^u def9ite & sci5tific pr9ciples4 ,! object ( ?is treatise is to lead to a g5]al settlem5t ( ^? pr9ciples4 ,= ?is purpose ! ,dean has /ripp$ ! discussion ( all adv5titi\s disguise1 & has pursu$ x lucidly into manifold details1 9 ord] t no employm5t ( difficult t]ms or involv$ s5t5ces may %$ any my/ification ov] ! que/ions discuss$1 & t all intellig5t p :o are int]e/$ 9 su* que/ions--& :o is n8--may und]/& ! issues & ! pro(s ( !m4 ,9 ! v e>lie/ times mu* v>iation 9 ! text ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 & p>ticul>ly ( ! ,holy ,gospels--= we %all treat ma9ly ( ^! f\r books z con/itut+ ! mo/ important prov9ce1 & z af=d+ a small] area1 & s be+ m conv5i5t = ! pres5t inquiry3--mu* div]sity 9 words & expression1 ,i say1 arose 9 ! ,*ur*4 ,9 consequ5ce1 ! s*ool ( sci5tific ,!ology at ,alex&ria1 9 ! p]son ( ,orig51 fir/ f\nd x necess>y to take cognizance ( ! matt]4 ,:5 ,orig5 mov$ to ,caes>ea1 he c>ri$ 8 manuscripts ) him1 & !y appe> to h =m$ ! f\ndation ( ! celebrat$ libr>y 9 t city1 :i* 0 aft]w>ds amplifi$ by ,pamphilus & ,eusebius1 & also by ,acacius & ,euzoius7#a71 :o 7 all successively bi%ops ( ! place4 ,dur+ ! life ( ,eusebius1 if n "u 8 controll+ c>e1 ! two olde/ ,uncial ,manuscripts 9 exi/5ce z hi!rto discov]$1 kn[n z ,b & 1 or ! ,vatican & ,s9aitic1 7 execut$ 9 h&some =m & exquisite calligraphy4 ,b %ortly aft]1 ab\t ! middle ( ! f\r? c5tury--z bo? s*ools ( ,textual ,critics agree--a text diff]+ f t ( ,b & advanc$ 9 g5]al acceptance2 &1 increas+ till ! eigh? c5tury 9 ! pr$om9ance won by ! end ( ! f\r?1 became s preval5t 9 ,*ri/5dom1 t ! small numb] ( ,,mss4 agree+ ) ,b & =ms no sort ( comp>ison ) ! _m :i* v>y f ^? two4 ,?us ! problem ( ! f\r? c5tury anticipat$ ! problem ( ! n9ete5?4 ,are we = ! g5u9e text ( ! ,new ,te/am5t to g to ! ,vatican & ! ,s9aitic ,,mss4 & ! few o!rs :i* ma9ly agree ) !m1 or are we to foll[ ! ma9 body ( ,new ,te/am5t ,,mss41 :i* by ! end ( ! c5tury 9 :i* ^? two 7 produc$ ent]$ into possession ( ! field ( cont5tion1 & h cont9u$ 9 occupation ( x ev] s9ce8 ,?is is ! problem :i* ! foll[+ treatise is int5d$ to solve1 t is to say1 :i* ( ^! two texts or sets ( read+s is ! bett] atte/$1 & c be trac$ back ?r\gh ! /rong] evid5ce to ! orig9al autographs4 ,a few words are n[ ne$$ to describe & acc\nt = ! pres5t position ( ! controv]sy4 ,aft] ! discov]y ( pr9t+ 9 ,europe1 ,textual ,criticism began to rise aga94 ,! c>e] ( x may be divid$ into f\r /ages1 :i* may be t]m$ respectively1 ,infancy1 ,*ildhood1 ,y\?1 & ,incipi5t ,maturity7#b74 ,i4 ,erasmus 9 #aeaf edit$ ! ,new ,te/am5t f a v small numb] ( manuscripts1 probably only five1 9 repute at ! "t2 & six ye>s aft]w>ds appe>$ ! ,complut5sian edition "u ,c>d9al ,xim5es1 :i* _h be5 pr9t$ two ye>s be=e t ( ,erasmus4 ,rob]t ,/eph51 ,!odore ,beza1 & ! ,elzevirs1 also1 z is well kn[n1 publi%$ editions ( _! own4 ,9 ! latt] edition ( ! ,elzevirs1 issu$ 9 #afcc1 occurr$ = ! fir/ "t ! widely-us$ expression 8,textus ,receptus40 ,! sole object 9 ?is p]iod 0 to adh]e fai?fully to ! text receiv$ ev]y:]e4 ,,ii4 ,9 ! next1 evid5ce f ,manuscripts1 ,v]sions1 & ,fa!rs 0 collect$1 *iefly by ,mill & ,wet/e94 ,b5tley ?\ght ( go+ back to ! f\r? c5tury = decisive evid5ce4 ,b5gel & ,griesba* laid /ress ^u families & rec5sions ( manuscripts1 & l$ ! way 9 dep>t+ f ! receiv$ /&>d4 ,collation ( manuscripts 0 c>ri$ on by ^! two critics & by o!r able s*ol>s1 & l>gely by ,s*olz4 ,!re 0 ?us an amplification ( mat]ials1 & a crop ( !ories4 ,mu* t 0 vague & elem5tal 0 int]m+l$ ) a promise ( a great deal t w\ld prove m satisfactory 9 ! future4 ,,iii4 ,! lead] 9 ! next advance 0 ,la*mann1 :o began to disc>d ! read+s ( ! ,receiv$ ,text1 suppos+ x to be only two c5turies old4 ,au?orities hav+ already become inconv5i5tly multitud9\s1 he limit$ 8 att5tion to ! few :i* agre$ ) ! olde/ ,uncials1 namely1 ,l or ! ,regius at ,p>is1 "o or two o!r fragm5ts ( ,uncials1 a few ,cursives1 ! ,old ,lat9 ,manuscripts1 & a few ( ! olde/ ,fa!rs1 mak+ up g5]ally "s six or sev5 9 all ^u ea* sep>ate read+4 ,tis*5dorf1 ! discov]] ( 1 ! tw9-si/] ( ,b1 & ! collator ( a l>ge numb] ( ,,mss47#c71 foll[$ him 9 ! ma91 z did also ,tregelles4 ,& ,dr4 ,hort1 :o1 ) ,bi%op ,we/cott1 began to !orize & "w :5 ,la*mann's influ5ce 0 at ! highe/1 9 a mo/ +5i\s & elaborate ,introduction ma9ta9$ ! cause ( ! two olde/ ,uncials--especially ,b--& _! small b& ( foll[]s4 ,admitt+ t ! ,receiv$ ,text dates back z f> z ! middle ( ! f\r? c5tury1 ,hort argu$ t x 0 divid$ by m ?an two c5turies & a half f ! orig9al ,autographs1 & 9 fact took its rise at ,antio* & %\ld be call$ 8,syrian10 not)/&+ ! pr$om9ance :i* he ackn[l$g$ t x has enjoy$ s9ce ! end ( ! f\r? c5tury4 ,he t]m$ ! read+s ( :i* ,b & are ! *ief expon5ts 8! ,neutral ,text10 & held t t text c be trac$ back to ! g5u9e ,autographs7#d74 ,,iv4 ,i h plac$ ! t5ets ( ! opposite s*ool la/ z exhibit+ signs ( ,incipi5t ,maturity 9 ! ,sci5ce1 n because !y are admitt$ to be s1 t be+ n ! case1 b because ( _! intr9sic m]its1 :i* w be unfold$ 9 ?is volume1 & because ( ! imm5se addition rec5tly made ( au?orities to our /ore1 z well z on acc\nt ( ! indirect influ5ce ex]cis$ ( late by discov]ies pursu$ 9 o!r qu>t]s7#e74 ,inde$1 x is s\ght to e/abli% a wid] /ock ( rul+ au?orities1 & a s\nd] me?od 9 ! use ( !m4 ,! lead]s 9 ! advocacy ( ?is sy/em h be5 ,dr4 ,scriv5] 9 a modifi$ degree1 & especially ,dean ,burgon4 ,fir/1 be x und]/ood1 t we d n advocate p]fection 9 ! ,textus ,receptus4 ,we all[ t "h & !re x requires revision4 ,9 ! ,text left beh9d by ,dean ,burgon7#f71 ab\t #aej corrections h be5 sugge/$ by him 9 ,/4 ,mat!w's ,gospel alone4 ,:at we ma9ta9 is ! ,,traditional ,,text4 ,& we trace x back to ! e>lie/ ages ( :i* !re is any record4 ,we tru/ to ! fulle/ te/imony & ! mo/ enlight5$ view ( all ! evid5ce4 ,9 humble dep5d5ce ^u ,god ! ,holy ,gho/1 ,:o we hold has multipli$ witnesses all d[n ! ages ( ! ,*ur*1 & ,^: cause we believe we plead1 we solemnly call ^u ^? _m /ud5ts ( ! ,bible 9 ^! days :o are e>ne/ aft] tru? to weigh )\t prejudice :at we say1 9 ! pray] t x may contribute some?+ t[>ds ! asc]ta9m5t ( ! true expressions employ$ 9 ! g5u9e ,^w ( ,,god4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,prelim9>y ,,gr\nds4 #a4 ,9 ! ensu+ pages ,i propose to discuss a problem ( ! highe/ dignity & importance7#g73 namely1 ,on :at pr9ciples ! true text ( ! ,new ,te/am5t ,scriptures is to be asc]ta9$8 ,my subject is ! ,greek text ( ^? ,scriptures1 p>ticul>ly ( ! f\r ,gospels2 my object1 ! e/abli%m5t ( t text on an intelligible & tru/wor?y basis4 ,t no fix$ pr9ciples 7 kn[n to exi/ be=e #ahhj is prov$ by ! fact t ! mo/ fam\s critics n only diff]$ consid]ably f "o ano!r1 b also f !mselves4 ,till !n all 0 empiricism 9 ?is dep>tm5t4 ,a section1 a *apt]1 an article1 a pamphlet1 a t5tative essay--all ^! inde$ f "t to "t appe>$3 & "s 7 excell5t ( _! k9d4 ,b we require some?+ a va/ deal m me?odical1 argum5tative1 & complete1 ?an is compatible ) su* n>r[ limits4 ,ev5 :]e an acc\nt ( ! facts 0 ext5d$ to great] l5g? & 0 giv5 ) mu* fullness & accuracy1 !re 0 an abs5ce ( sci5tific pr9ciple suffici5t to guide /ud5ts to a satisfactory & s\nd det]m9ation ( difficult que/ions4 ,tis*5dorf's la/ two editions diff] f "o ano!r 9 no less ?an #c1egb p>ticul>s4 ,he rev]ses 9 e page 9 #ahgb :at 9 #ahei he (f]$ z ! result ( 8 delib]ate judgem5t4 ,e "o1 to speak pla9ly1 :e!r an exp]t or a m]e beg9n]1 seem$ to consid] himself compet5t to pass s5t5ce on any fre% read+ :i* is pres5t$ to 8 notice4 ,we 7 in=m$ t 8accord+ to all pr9ciples ( s\nd criticism0 ?is ^w is to be reta9$1 t to be reject$3 b till ! appe>ance ( ! diss]tation ( ,dr4 ,hort no "o 0 s oblig+ z to tell u :at ! pr9ciples are to :i* ref]5ce is confid5tly made1 & by ! loyal application ( :i* we might h arriv$ at ! same result = ourselves4 ,& ,hort's !ory1 z w be %ewn fur!r on1 involves too mu* violation ( pr9ciples g5]ally receiv$1 & is too devoid ( any?+ l pro(1 ev] to w9 univ]sal acceptance4 ,z matt]s ( fact easily v]ifi$1 x /&s 9 %>p antagonism to ! judgem5t pass$ by ! ,*ur* all d[n ! ages1 & 9 _m respects does n accord ) ! tea*+ ( ! mo/ celebrat$ critics ( ! c5tury :o prec$$ him4 ,i tru/ ,i %all be =giv51 if 9 ! prosecution ( ! pres5t inquiry ,i v5ture to /ep out ( ! beat5 track1 & to lead my read] =w>d 9 a some:at humbl] /yle ?an has be5 cu/om>y ) my pr$ecessors4 ,:5ev] !y h ent]$ ^u ! consid]ation ( pr9ciples1 !y h always begun by lay+ d[n on _! own au?ority a set ( propositions1 "s ( :i* s f> f be+ axiomatic are repugnant to our judgem5t & are f\nd z !y /& to be ev5 false4 ,true t ,i also %all h to beg9 by claim+ ass5t to a few fundam5tal positions3 b !n ,i v5ture to promise t ^! %all all be self-evid5t4 ,i am v mu* mi/ak5 if !y d n also conduct u to results diff]+ greatly f ^? :i* h be5 rec5tly 9 fav\r ) _m ( ! mo/ =w>d writ]s & tea*]s4 ,beyond all ?+s ,i claim at e ?\ghtful read]'s h&s t he w endeav\r to approa* ?is subject 9 an imp>tial frame ( m9d4 ,to expect t he w succe$ 9 dive/+ himself ( all preconceiv$ notions z to :at is likely1 :at n1 7 unreasonable4 ,b he is invit$ at lea/ to we> 8 prejudices z loose ab\t him z he c2 to be prep>$ to ca/ !m (f if at any "t he has be5 %ewn t !y are f\nd$ on misappreh5sion2 to resolve on tak+ no?+ = grant$ :i* admits ( be+ prov$ to be ei!r true or false4 ,&1 to meet an objection :i* is sure to be urg$ aga9/ me1 by pro( ( c\rse ,i d b mean ! ne>e/ approa* to demon/ration1 :i* 9 ! pres5t subject-matt] is atta9able4 ,?us1 ,i reque/ t1 ap>t f pro( ( "s sort1 x %all n be tak5 = grant$ t a copy ( ! ,new ,te/am5t writt5 9 ! f\r? or fif? c5tury w exhibit a m tru/wor?y text ?an "o writt5 9 ! elev5? or twelf?4 ,t inde$ ( two anci5t docum5ts ! m anci5t might n unreasonably h be5 expect$ to prove ! m tru/wor?y1 ,i am n conc]n$ to dispute1 & w n "h discuss su* a "q2 b ! probabilities ( ! case at all ev5ts are n axiomatic4 ,nay1 x w be f\nd1 z ,i am bold en\gh to say1 t 9 _m in/ances a f\rte5?-c5tury copy ( ! ,gospels may exhibit ! tru? ( ,scripture1 :ile ! f\r?-c5tury copy 9 all ^! in/ances proves to be ! deposit>y ( a fabricat$ text4 ,i h only to reque/ t1 until ! subject has be5 fully inve/igat$1 m5 w susp5d _! judgem5t on ?is head3 tak+ no?+ = grant$ :i* admits ( pro(1 & reg>d+ no?+ z c]ta9ly ei!r true or false :i* has n be5 %ewn to be s4 #b4 ,t :i* di/+ui%es ,sacr$ ,sci5ce f e o!r ,sci5ce :i* c be nam$ is t x is ,div9e1 & has to d ) a ,book :i* is inspir$2 t is1 ^: true ,au?or is ,god4 ,= we assume t ! ,bible is to be tak5 z inspir$1 & n reg>d$ ^u a level ) ! ,books ( ! ,ea/1 :i* are held by _! vot>ies to be sacr$4 ,x is *iefly f inatt5tion to ?is circum/ance t misconception prevails 9 t dep>tm5t ( ,sacr$ ,sci5ce kn[n z 8,textual ,criticism40 ,aw>e t ! ,new ,te/am5t is l no o!r book 9 its orig91 its cont5ts1 its hi/ory1 _m critics ( ! pres5t day nev]!less p]mit !mselves to reason conc]n+ its ,text1 z if !y ent]ta9$ no suspicion t ! words & s5t5ces ( :i* x is compos$ 7 de/9$ to exp]i5ce an extraord9>y fate also4 ,!y make no all[ances = ! fact t influ5ces ( an entirely diff]5t k9d f any ) :i* pr(ane lit]ature is acqua9t$ h made !mselves felt 9 ?is dep>tm5t1 & !re=e t ev5 ^? pr9ciples ( ,textual ,criticism :i* 9 ! case ( pr(ane au?ors are reg>d$ z fundam5tal are (t5 out ( place "h4 ,x is impossible t all ?is c be too cle>ly appreh5d$4 ,9 fact1 until ^? :o make ! words ( ! ,new ,te/am5t _! /udy are conv9c$ t !y move 9 a region l no o!r1 :]e unique ph5om5a await !m at e /ep1 & :]e sev5te5 hundr$ & fifty ye>s ago deprav+ causes unkn[n 9 e o!r dep>tm5t ( le>n+ 7 actively at "w1 progress _c really be made 9 ! pres5t discussion4 ,m5 mu/ by all means disabuse _! m9ds ( ! prejudices :i* ! /udy ( pr(ane lit]ature inspires4 ,let me expla9 ?is matt] a little m p>ticul>ly1 & e/abli% ! reasonabl5ess ( :at has gone be=e by a few pla9 consid]ations :i* mu/1 ,i ?9k1 w9 ass5t4 ,i am n ab\t to (f] op9ions1 b only to appeal to c]ta9 und5iable facts4 ,:at ,i deprecate1 is n any discrim9at+ use ( rev]5t criticism1 b a clumsy confusion ( po9ts ess5tially diff]5t4 ,no soon] 0 ! "w ( ,evangeli/s & ,apo/les recogniz$ z ! necess>y c\nt]p>t & complem5t ( ,god's anci5t ,scriptures & became ! 8,new ,te/am5t10 ?an a reception 0 f\nd to be await+ x 9 ! _w closely resembl+ t :i* ,he exp]i5c$ ,:o is ! subject ( its pages4 ,calumny & misrepres5tation1 p]secution & murd]\s hate1 assail$ ,him cont9ually4 ,& ! ,writt5 ,^w 9 l mann]1 9 ! e>lie/ age ( all1 0 %amefully h&l$ by mank9d4 ,n only 0 x confus$ ?r\gh human infirmity & misappreh5sion1 b x became also ! object ( re/less malice & unsp>+ assaults4 ,m>cion1 ,val5t9us1 ,basilides1 ,h]acleon1 ,m5&]1 ,asclepiades1 ,!odotus1 ,h]mophilus1 ,apollonides1 & o!r h]etics1 adapt$ ! ,gospels to _! own ideas4 ,tatian1 & lat] on ,ammonius1 creat$ confusion ?r\gh attempts to comb9e ! f\r ,gospels ei!r 9 a diatess>on or ^u an intricate arrangem5t made by sections1 "u :i* z a fur!r result ! words ( "o ,gospel became assimilat$ to ^? ( ano!r7#h74 ,want ( famili>ity ) ! sacr$ words 9 ! fir/ ages1 c>elessness ( scribes1 incompet5t tea*+1 & ignorance ( ,greek 9 ! ,we/1 l$ to fur!r corruption ( ! ,sacr$ ,text4 ,!n out ( ! fact t !re exi/$ a va/ numb] ( corrupt copies arose at once ! ne$ ( ,rec5sion1 :i* 0 c>ri$ on by ,orig5 & 8 s*ool4 ,?is 0 a fatal necessity to h made itself felt 9 an age :5 ! fir/ pr9ciples ( ! ,sci5ce 7 n und]/ood2 = 8to correct0 0 too (t5 9 ^? days ano!r ^w = 8to corrupt40 ,& ?is is ! fir/ ?+ to be briefly expla9$ & en=c$3 b m ?an a c\nt]balance 0 provid$ "u ! ov]rul+ ,provid5ce ( ,god4 #c4 ,be=e our ,"l asc5d$ up to ,heav51 ,he told ,8 disciples t ,he w\ld s5d !m ! ,holy ,gho/1 ,:o %\ld supply ,8 place & abide ) ,8 ,*ur* = ev]4 ,he add$ a promise t x %\ld be ! (fice ( t inspir+ ,_s n only 8to br+ to _! remembrance all ?+s :atsoev] ,he _h told !m7#i710 b also to 8guide0 ,8 ,*ur* 8into all ! ,tru?10 or1 8! :ole ,tru?7#aj70 7 74 ,accord+ly1 ! e>lie/ great a*ievem5t ( ^? days 0 accompli%$ on giv+ to ! ,*ur* ! ,scriptures ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 9 :i* au?oriz$ tea*+ 0 en%r9$ 9 writt5 =m4 ,& fir/1 out ( ^? _m ,gospels :i* incompet5t p]sons _h 8tak5 9 h&0 to write or to compile out ( mu* float+ matt] ( an oral or writt5 nature1 ,he guid$ !m to disc]n t f\r 7 :olly unlike ! re/--7 ! v ,^w ( ,god4 ,!re exi/s no reason = suppos+ t ! ,div9e ,ag5t1 :o 9 ! fir/ in/ance ?us gave to mank9d ! ,scriptures ( ,tru?1 /raightway abdicat$ ,8 (fice2 took no fur!r c>e ( ,8 "w2 ab&on$ ^? preci\s writ+s to _! fate4 ,t a p]petual miracle 0 wr\ght = _! pres]vation--t copyi/s 7 protect$ aga9/ ! risk ( error1 or evil m5 prev5t$ f adult]at+ %amefully copies ( ! ,deposit--no "o1 x is presum$1 is s weak z to suppose4 ,b x is q a diff]5t ?+ to claim t all d[n ! ages ! sacr$ writ+s mu/ ne$s h be5 ,god's peculi> c>e2 t ! ,*ur* "u ,him has wat*$ ov] !m ) intellig5ce & skill2 has recogniz$ :i* copies exhibit a fabricat$1 :i* an hone/ly transcrib$ text2 has g5]ally sanction$ ! "o1 & g5]ally disall[$ ! o!r4 ,i am utt]ly dis9cl9$ to believe--s grossly improbable does x seem--t at ! end ( #ahjj ye>s #iie copies out ( e ?\s&1 suppose1 w prove untru/wor?y2 & t ! "o1 two1 ?ree1 f\r or five :i* rema91 ^: cont5ts 7 till ye/]day z good z unkn[n1 w be f\nd to h reta9$ ! secret ( :at ! ,holy ,_s orig9ally inspir$4 ,i am utt]ly unable to believe1 9 %ort1 t ,god's promise has s entirely fail$1 t at ! end ( #ahjj ye>s mu* ( ! text ( ! ,gospel _h 9 po9t ( fact to be pick$ by a ,g]man critic out ( a wa/e-pap] basket 9 ! conv5t ( ,/4 ,ca!r9e2 & t ! entire text _h to be remodell$ aft] ! patt]n set by a c\ple ( copies :i* _h rema9$ 9 neglect dur+ fifte5 c5turies1 & _h probably ow$ _! survival to t neglect2 :il/ hundr$s ( o!rs _h be5 ?umb$ to pieces1 & _h bequea!d _! witness to copies made f !m4 ,i h address$ :at goes be=e to p]sons :o sympa?ize ) me 9 my belief4 ,to o!rs ! argum5t w\ld require to be put 9 a diff]5t way4 ,let x !n be rememb]$1 t a weal? ( copies exi/$ 9 e>ly times2 t ! ne$ ( zeal\s c>e ( ! ,holy ,scriptures 0 always felt 9 ! ,*ur*2 t x is only f ! ,*ur* t we h le>nt :i* are ! books ( ! ,bible & :i* are n2 t 9 ! age 9 :i* ! ,canon 0 settl$1 & :i* is presum$ by _m critics to h introduc$ a corrupt$ text1 mo/ ( ! intellect ( ! ,roman ,empire 0 f\nd )9 ! ,*ur*1 & 0 direct$ ^u disput$ que/ions2 t 9 ! succe$+ ages ! art ( transcrib+ 0 br\ght to a high pit* ( p]fection2 & t ! v]dict ( all ! sev]al p]iods s9ce ! production ( ^? two manuscripts has be5 giv5 till a few ye>s ago 9 fav\r ( ! ,text :i* has be5 h&$ d[n3--let x be fur!r borne 9 m9d t ! te/imony is n only t ( all ! ages1 b ( all ! c\ntries3 & at ! v lea/ s /rong a presumption w ensue on behalf ( ! ,traditional ,text1 t a p[]ful case inde$ mu/ be con/ruct$ to upset x4 ,x _c be vanqui%$ by !ories gr\nd$ ^u int]nal consid]ations--(t5 only ano!r "n = p]sonal ta/es--1 or = s*ol>ly likes or dislikes1 or ^u fictiti\s rec5sions1 or ^u any arbitr>y *oice ( fav\rite manuscripts1 or ^u a /ra9$ division ( au?orities into families or gr\ps1 or ^u a w>p$ application ( ! pr9ciple ( g5ealogy4 ,9 ! asc]ta9m5t ( ! facts ( ! ,sacr$ ,text1 ! laws ( evid5ce mu/ be /rictly foll[$4 ,9 que/ions relat+ to ! inspir$ ,^w1 m]e speculation & unreason h no place4 ,9 %ort1 ! ,traditional ,text1 f\nd$ ^u ! va/ majority ( au?orities & ^u ! ,rock ( ,*ri/'s ,*ur*1 w1 if ,i mi/ake n1 be f\nd ^u exam9ation to be out ( all comp>ison sup]ior to a text ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 :atev] skill & +5uity may h be5 exp5d$ ^u ! production or ! def5ce ( x4 #d4 ,= due att5tion has nev] yet be5 paid to a circum/ance :i*1 rightly appreh5d$1 w be f\nd to g a great way t[>ds e/abli%+ ! text ( ! ,new ,te/am5t ,scriptures on a solid basis4 ,i ref] to ! fact t a c]ta9 exhibition ( ! ,sacr$ ,text--t exhibition ( x ) :i* we are all mo/ famili>--re/s on ecclesia/ical au?ority4 ,speak+ g5]ally1 ! ,traditional ,text ( ! ,new ,te/am5t ,scriptures1 equally ) ! ,new ,te/am5t ,canon1 re/s on ! au?ority ( ! ,*ur* ,ca?olic4 8,:e!r we l x1 or dislike x0 7rem>k$ a le>n$ writ] 9 ! fir/ qu>t] ( ! n9ete5? c5tury71 8! pres5t ,new ,te/am5t ,canon is nei!r m nor less ?an ! probat ( ! or?odox ,*ri/ian bi%ops1 & ^? n only ( ! fir/ & second1 b ( ! ?ird & f\r?1 & ev5 subsequ5t c5turies7#aa740 ,9 l mann]1 :e!r m5 w\ld or w\ld n h x s1 x is a pla9 fact t ! ,traditional ,greek ,text ( ! ,new ,te/am5t is nei!r m nor less ?an ! probat ( ! or?odox ,greek ,*ri/ian bi%ops1 & ^?1 if n z we ma9ta9 ( ! fir/ & second1 or ! ?ird1 yet unque/ionably ( ! f\r? & fif?1 & ev5 subsequ5t c5turies4 ,= happily1 ! matt] ( fact "h is a po9t on :i* ! disciples ( ! mo/ advanc$ ( ! mod]n s*ool are entirely at "o ) u4 ,dr4 ,hort decl>es t 8,! fundam5tal text ( late extant ,greek ,,mss4 g5]ally is1 beyond all "q1 id5tical ) ! dom9ant ,antio*ian or ,graeco-,syrian text ( ! second half ( ! f\r? c5tury4444 ,! bulk ( extant ,,mss4 writt5 f ab\t ?ree or f\r to t5 or elev5 c5turies lat] mu/ h _h 9 ! great] numb] ( extant v>iations a common orig9al ei!r contempor>y )1 or old] ?an1 our olde/ ,,mss47#ab70 ,& aga91 8,be=e ! close ( ! f\r? c5tury1 z we h said1 a ,greek text1 n mat]ially diff]+ f ! almo/ univ]sal text ( ! n9? c5tury & ! ,middle ,ages1 0 dom9ant1 probably by au?ority1 at ,antio*1 & ex]cis$ mu* influ5ce else:]e7#ac740 ,! m5tion ( 8,antio*0 is1 *>act]i/ically ( ! writ]1 purely arbitr>y4 ,"o & ! same ,traditional ,text1 except 9 comp>atively few p>ticul>s1 has prevail$ 9 ! ,*ur* f ! beg9n+ till n[4 ,especially des]v+ ( att5tion is ! admission t ! ,text 9 "q is ( ! f\r? c5tury1 to :i* same c5tury ! two olde/ ( our ,sacr$ ,codexes 7,b & 7 belong4 ,!re is obs]v$ to exi/ 9 ,*ur* ,lection>ies precisely ! same ph5om5on4 ,!y h prevail$ 9 un9t]mitt$ agreem5t 9 o!r respects f v e>ly times1 probably f ! days ( ,/4 ,*ryso/om7#ad71 & h kept 9 ! ma9 )\t *ange ! =m ( words 9 :i* !y 7 orig9ally ca/ 9 ! un*angeable ,ea/4 ,& really ! problem comes be=e u 7,god be prais$67 9 a s+ul>ly conv5i5t1 a s+ul>ly intelligible =m4 ,s9ce ! sixte5? c5tury--we owe ?is also to ! good ,provid5ce ( ,god--"o & ! same text ( ! ,new ,te/am5t ,scriptures has be5 g5]ally receiv$4 ,i am n def5d+ ! 8,textus ,receptus02 ,i am simply /at+ ! fact ( its exi/5ce4 ,t x is )\t au?ority to b9d1 nay1 t x calls = skilful revision 9 e "p1 is freely admitt$4 ,i d n believe x to be absolutely id5tical ) ! true ,traditional ,text4 ,its exi/5ce1 nev]!less1 is a fact f :i* !re is no escap+4 ,happily1 ,we/]n ,*ri/5dom has be5 cont5t to employ "o & ! same text = upw>ds ( ?ree hundr$ ye>s4 ,if ! objection be made1 z x probably w be1 8,d y !n mean to re/ ^u ! five manuscripts us$ by ,erasmus80 ,i reply1 t ! copies employ$ 7 select$ because !y 7 kn[n to repres5t ) accuracy ! ,sacr$ ,^w2 t ! desc5t ( ! text 0 evid5tly gu>d$ ) jeal\s c>e1 j z ! human g5ealogy ( our ,"l 0 pres]v$2 t x re/s ma9ly ^u mu* ! wide/ te/imony2 & t :]e any "p ( x conflicts ) ! fulle/ evid5ce atta9able1 !re ,i believe t x calls = correction4 ,! "q !re=e :i* pres5ts itself1 & mu/ ne$s be answ]$ 9 ! affirmative be=e a s+le syllable ( ! actual text is displac$1 w always be "o & ! same1 viz4 ?is3 ,is x c]ta9 t ! evid5ce 9 fav\r ( ! propos$ new read+ is suffici5t to w>rant ! innovation8 ,= ,i tru/ we %all all be agre$ t 9 ! abs5ce ( an affirmative answ] to ?is "q1 ! text may on no acc\nt be di/urb$4 ,rightly or wrongly x has _h ! approval ( ,we/]n ,*ri/5dom = ?ree c5turies1 & is at ?is h\r 9 possession ( ! field4 ,!re=e ! bus9ess be=e u might be /at$ some:at z foll[s3 ,:at consid]ations ought to det]m9e our acceptance ( any read+ n f\nd 9 ! ,receiv$ ,text1 or1 to /ate x m g5]ally & fundam5tally1 our pref]5ce ( "o read+ be=e ano!r8 ,= until "s sort ( und]/&+ has be5 arriv$ at on ?is head1 progress is impossible4 ,!re c be no ,sci5ce ( ,textual ,criticism1 ,i repeat--& !re=e no security = ! inspir$ ,^w--s long z ! subjective judgem5t1 :i* may easily deg5]ate into individual caprice1 is all[$ ev] to det]m9e :i* read+s %all be reject$1 :i* reta9$4 ,9 ! next *apt] ,i %all discuss ! pr9ciples :i* mu/ =m ! gr\ndwork ( ! ,sci5ce4 ,mean:ile a few words are necess>y to expla9 ! issue ly+ betwe5 myself & ^? critics ) :om ,i am unable to agree4 ,i mu/1 if ,i c1 come to "s und]/&+ ) !m2 & ,i %all use all cle>ness ( spee* 9 ord] t my mean+ & my position may be ?or\ghly appreh5d$4 #e4 ,/range z x may appe>1 x is und5iably true1 t ! :ole ( ! controv]sy may be r$uc$ to ! foll[+ n>r[ issue3 ,does ! tru? ( ! ,text ( ,scripture dwell ) ! va/ multitude ( copies1 uncial & cursive1 conc]n+ :i* no?+ is m rem>kable ?an ! m>vell\s agreem5t :i* subsi/s betwe5 !m8 ,or is x r to be suppos$ t ! tru? abides exclusively ) a v little h&ful ( manuscripts1 :i* at once diff] f ! great bulk ( ! witnesses1 &--/range to say--also among/ !mselves8 ,! advocates ( ! ,traditional ,text urge t ! ,cons5t )\t ,conc]t ( s _m hundr$s ( copies1 execut$ by diff]5t p]sons1 at div]se times1 9 widely sund]$ regions ( ! ,*ur*1 is a presumptive pro( ( _! tru/wor?9ess1 :i* no?+ c invalidate b "s sort ( demon/ration t !y are untru/wor?y guides aft] all4 ,! advocates ( ! old uncials--= x is ! text exhibit$ by "o or m ( five ,uncial ,codexes kn[n z ,,ab,,cd :i* is set up ) s mu* confid5ce--are obs]v$ to claim t ! tru? mu/ ne$s reside exclusively ) ! objects ( _! *oice4 ,!y seem to base _! claim on 8antiquity02 b ! real confid5ce ( _m ( !m lies evid5tly 9 a claim to subtle div9ation1 :i* enables !m to recognize a true read+ or ! true text :5 !y see x4 ,/range1 t x does n seem to h /ruck su* critics t !y assume ! v ?+ :i* has to be prov$4 ,be ?is z x may1 z a matt] ( fact1 read+s exclusively f\nd 9 ,cod4 ,b1 or ,cod4 1 or ,cod4 ,d are sometimes adopt$ z correct4 ,nei!r ,cod4 ,a nor ,cod4 ,c are ev] kn[n to inspire simil> confid5ce4 ,b ! accession ( bo? or ei!r z a witness is always acceptable4 ,n[ x is rem>kable t all ! five ,codexes j m5tion$ are nev] f\nd1 unless ,i am mi/ak51 exclusively 9 accord4 ,?is "q w be m fully discuss$ 9 ! foll[+ treatise4 ,"h x is only necess>y fur!r to insi/ ^u ! fact t1 g5]ally speak+1 compromise ^u ^! issues is impossible4 ,mo/ p 9 ^! days are incl9$ to rem>k ab\t any controv]sy t ! tru? resides betwe5 ! two combatants1 & mo/ ( u w\ld l to meet our oppon5ts half-way4 ,! pres5t cont5tion un=tunately does n admit ( su* a decision4 ,real acqua9tance ) ! num]\s po9ts at /ake mu/ reveal ! impossibility ( effect+ a settlem5t l t4 ,x dep5ds1 n ^u ! attitude1 or ! temp]1 or ! intellects ( ! oppos+ p>ties3 b ^u ! /]n & incongru\s elem5ts ( ! subject-matt] ( ! /ruggle4 ,mu* z we may regret x1 !re is positively no o!r solution4 ,inde$ !re exi/ b two rival s*ools ( ,textual ,criticism4 ,& ^! are irreconcilably oppos$4 ,9 ! end1 "o ( !m w h to give way3 &1 vae victis6 unconditional surr5d] w be its only res\rce4 ,:5 "o has be5 admitt$ to be ! "r1 !re c no place be f\nd = ! o!r4 ,x w h to be dismiss$ f att5tion z a ?+ utt]ly1 hopelessly 9 ! wrong7#ae74 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,pr9ciples4 #a4 ,! object ( ,textual ,criticism1 :5 appli$ to ! ,scriptures ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 is to det]m9e :at ! ,apo/les & ,evangeli/s ( ,*ri/ actually wrote--! precise words !y employ$1 & ! v ord] ( !m4 ,x is !re=e "o ( ! mo/ important subjects :i* c be propos$ = exam9ation2 & unless h&l$ unskilfully1 ought to prove by no means want+ 9 liv+ int]e/4 ,moreov]1 x cle>ly takes prec$5ce1 9 syn!tical ord] ( ?\ght1 ( e o!r dep>tm5t ( ,sacr$ ,sci5ce1 s f> z t re/s ^u ! great pill> ( ,holy ,scripture4 ,n[ ,textual ,criticism occupies itself *iefly ) two di/9ct bran*es ( inquiry4 7#a7 ,its fir/ object is to collect1 inve/igate1 & arrange ! evid5ce suppli$ by ,manuscripts1 ,v]sions1 ,fa!rs4 ,& ?is is an +lori\s task1 :i* dem&s prodigi\s lab\r1 sev]e accuracy1 unflagg+ att5tion1 & c nev] be successfully conduct$ )\t a consid]able am\nt ( solid le>n+4 7#b7 ,its second object is to draw critical inf]5ces2 9 o!r words1 to discov] ! tru? ( ! text--! g5u9e words ( ,holy ,writ4 ,& ?is is altoge!r a l(ti] function1 & calls = ! ex]cise ( f> high] gifts4 ,no?+ c be successfully accompli%$ "h )\t l>ge & exact k1 fre$om f bias & prejudice4 ,above all1 !re mu/ be a cle> & judicial und]/&+4 ,! logical faculty 9 p]fection mu/ en]gize cont9ually3 or ! result c only be mi/akes1 :i* may easily prove calamit\s4 ,my next /ep is to decl>e :at has be5 hi!rto effect$ 9 ei!r ( ^! dep>tm5ts1 & to *>act]ize ! results4 ,9 ! fir/-nam$ bran* ( ! subject1 till rec5tly v little has be5 attempt$3 b t little has be5 exce$+ly well done4 ,_m m results h be5 add$ 9 ! la/ ?irte5 ye>s3 a va/ am\nt ( additional evid5ce has be5 discov]$1 b only a small portion ( x has be5 ?or\ghly exam9$ & collat$4 ,9 ! latt] bran*1 a great deal has be5 attempt$3 b ! result proves to be full ( disappo9tm5t to ^? :o augur$ mu* f x4 ,! critics ( ?is c5tury h be5 9 too great a hurry4 ,!y h ru%$ to conclusions1 tru/+ to ! evid5ce :i* 0 already 9 _! h&s1 =gett+ t only ^? conclusions c be sci5tifically s\nd :i* are drawn f all ! mat]ials t exi/4 ,rese>* ( a wid] k9d ought to h prec$$ decision4 ,let me expla9 & e/abli% :at ,i h be5 say+4 #b4 ,x 0 only to h be5 anticipat$ t ! ,au?or ( ! ,ev]la/+ ,gospel--t ma/]piece ( ,div9e ,wisdom1 t miracle ( sup]human skill--w\ld %ew ,himself supremely c>eful = ! protection & pres]vation ( ,8 own *iefe/ "w4 ,e fre% discov]y ( ! beauty & preci\sness ( ! ,deposit 9 its ess5tial /ructure does b s]ve to deep5 ! conviction t a m>vell\s provision mu/ ne$s h be5 made 9 ,god's et]nal c\nsels = ! effectual cons]vation ( ! inspir$ ,text4 ,yet x is n too mu* to ass]t t no?+ :i* man's inv5tive skill c\ld h devis$ ne>ly comes up to ! actual tru? ( ! matt]4 ,let u take a slight b compreh5sive view ( :at is f\nd ^u inve/igation1 z ,i hold1 to h be5 ! ,div9e me?od 9 respect ( ! ,new ,te/am5t ,scriptures4 ,i4 ,f ! v necessity ( ! case1 copies ( ! ,gospels & ,epi/les 9 ! orig9al ,greek 7 multipli$ to an extraord9>y ext5t all d[n ! ages & 9 e "p ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*4 ,! result has be5 t1 al?\gh all ! e>lie/ h p]i%$1 !re rema9s to ?is day a prodigi\s numb] ( su* transcripts2 "s ( !m ( v high antiquity4 ,on exam9+ ^! ) c>e1 we discov] t !y mu/ ne$s h be5 7a7 produc$ 9 diff]5t c\ntries1 7b7 execut$ at int]vals dur+ ! space ( "o ?\s& ye>s1 7c7 copi$ f orig9als no long] 9 exi/5ce4 ,& ?us a body ( evid5ce has be5 accumulat$ z to :at is ! actual text ( ,scripture1 su* z is :olly unapproa*able ) respect to any o!r writ+s 9 ! _w7#af74 ,m ?an two ?\s& manuscript copies are n[ 7#ahhh7 kn[n to exi/7#ag74 ,x %\ld be add$ t ! practice ( read+ ,scripture al\d be=e ! congregation--a practice :i* is obs]v$ to h prevail$ f ! ,apo/olic age--has result$ 9 ! increas$ security ( ! ,deposit3 = 7#a7 x has l$ to ! multiplication1 by au?ority1 ( books conta9+ ! ,*ur* ,lessons2 & 7#b7 x has secur$ a liv+ witness to ! ipsissima v]ba ( ! ,_s--9 all ! ,*ur*es ( ,*ri/5dom4 ,! e> once ?or\ghly famili>iz$ ) ! words ( ,scripture is obs]v$ to res5t ! slighte/ dep>ture f ! e/abli%$ type4 ,z = its tol]at+ important *anges1 t is pla9ly out ( ! "q4 ,,ii4 ,next1 z ! ,gospel spread f l& to l&1 x became translat$ into ! sev]al languages ( ! anci5t _w4 ,=1 ?\gh ,greek 0 widely und]/ood1 ! comm]ce & ! intellectual pr$om9ance ( ! ,greeks1 & ! conque/s ( ,alex&] hav+ caus$ x to be spok5 ne>ly all ov] ! ,roman ,empire1 ,syriac & ,lat9 ,v]sions 7 also requir$ = ord9>y read+1 probably ev5 9 ! v age ( ! ,apo/les4 ,& ?us ^? ?ree languages 9 :i* 8! title ( ,8 accusation0 0 writt5 above ,8 cross--n to insi/ ^u any absolute id5tity betwe5 ! ,syriac ( ! "t ) ! !n 8,hebrew0 ( ,j]usalem--became f ! e>lie/ "t ! deposit>ies ( ! ,gospel ( ! ,_w's ,r$eem]4 ,syriac 0 closely relat$ to ! v]nacul> ,aramaic ( ,pale/9e & 0 spok5 9 ! adjo9+ region3 :il/ ,lat9 0 ! famili> idiom ( all ! ,*ur*es ( ! ,we/4 ,?us f ! fir/ 9 _! public assemblies1 ori5tals & occid5tals alike habitually read al\d ! writ+s ( ! ,evangeli/s & ,apo/les4 ,be=e ! f\r? & fif? c5turies ! ,gospel _h be5 fur!r translat$ into ! peculi> idioms ( ,l[] & ,upp] ,egypt1 9 :at are n[ call$ ! ,bohairic & ! ,sahidic ,v]sions1--( ,e?iopia & ( ,arm5ia1--( ,go?l&4 ,! text ?us embalm$ 9 s _m fre% languages 0 cle>ly1 to a great ext5t1 protect$ aga9/ ! risk ( fur!r *ange2 & ^! sev]al translations rema9 to ?is day z witnesses ( :at 0 f\nd 9 copies ( ! ,new ,te/am5t :i* h long s9ce p]i%$4 ,,iii4 ,b ! mo/ s+ul> provision = pres]v+ ! memory ( :at 0 anci5tly read z inspir$ ,scriptures rema9s to be describ$4 ,sacr$ ,sci5ce boa/s ( a lit]ature )\t a p>allel 9 any o!r dep>tm5t ( human k4 ,! ,fa!rs ( ! ,*ur*1 ! ,bi%ops & ,doctors ( primitive ,*ri/5dom1 7 9 "s in/ances volum9\s writ]s1 ^: works h l>gely come d[n to our times4 ,^! m5 (t5 comm5t ^u1 freely quote1 habitually ref] to1 ! words ( ,inspiration3 :]eby x comes to pass t a ho/ ( unsuspect$ witnesses to ! tru? ( ,scripture are sometimes producible4 ,! quotations ( passages by ! ,fa!rs are pro(s ( ! read+s :i* !y f\nd 9 ! copies us$ by !m4 ,!y ?us te/ify 9 ord9>y quotations1 ?\gh x be at second h&3 & sometimes _! te/imony has m ?an usual value :5 !y argue or comm5t ^u ! passage 9 "q4 ,inde$1 v (t5 ! manuscripts 9 _! h&s1 :i* s f> live 9 _! quotations1 are old]--p]haps c5turies old]--?an any copies t n[ survive4 ,9 ?is way1 x w be p]ceiv$ t a ?ree-fold security has be5 provid$ = ! integrity ( ! ,deposit3--,copies1--,v]sions1--,fa!rs4 ,on ! relation ( ea* ( :i* heads to "o ano!r some?+ p>ticul> has n[ to be deliv]$4 #c4 ,manuscript copies are commonly divid$ into ,uncial1 i4e4 ^? :i* are writt5 9 capital lett]s1 & ,cursive or 8m9uscule10 i4e4 ^? :i* are writt5 9 8runn+0 or small h&4 ,?is division ?\gh conv5i5t is mislead+4 ,! e>lie/ ( ! 8,cursives0 are m anci5t ?an ! late/ ( ! 8,uncials0 by full "o hundr$ ye>s7#ah74 ,! lat] body ( ! ,uncials belongs virtually1 z w be prov$1 to ! body ( ! ,cursives4 ,!re is no m]it1 s to speak1 9 a ,,ms4 be+ writt5 9 ! uncial "*4 ,! numb] ( ! ,uncials is l>gely inf]ior to t ( ! ,cursives1 ?\gh !y usually boa/ a mu* high] antiquity4 ,x w be %ewn 9 a subsequ5t *apt] t !re is n[1 9 ! face ( rec5t discov]ies ( ,papyrus ,,mss4 9 ,egypt1 mu* reason = inf]r+ t ,cursive ,,mss4 7 l>gely d]iv$ f ,,mss4 on ,papyrus1 j z ! ,uncials !mselves 71 & t ! preval5ce = "s c5turies ( ,uncials took its rise f ! local libr>y ( ,caes>ea4 ,= a full acc\nt ( ^! sev]al ,codexes1 & = _m o!r p>ticul>s 9 ,sacr$ ,textual ,criticism1 ! read] is ref]r$ to ,scriv5]'s ,introduction1 #ahid4 ,n[ x is n s mu* an exagg]at$1 z an utt]ly mi/ak5 e/imate ( ! importance ( ! ,textual decrees ( ! five olde/ ( ^! ,uncial copies1 :i* lies at ! root ( mo/ ( ! criticism ( ! la/ fifty ye>s4 ,we are con/ra9$ 9 consequ5ce to be/[ :at w appe> to "s a disproportionate am\nt ( att5tion on ^? five ,codexes3 viz4 ! ,vatican ,codex ,b1 & ! ,s9aitic ,codex 1 :i* are suppos$ to be bo? ( ! f\r? c5tury3 ! ,alex&rian ,codex ,a1 & ! fragm5t>y ,p>isian ,codex ,c1 :i* are assign$ to ! fif?3 & la/ly ,d1 ! ,codex ,bezae at ,cambridge1 :i* is suppos$ to h be5 writt5 9 ! six?4 ,to ^! may n[ be add$1 z f> z ,/4 ,mat!w & ,/4 ,m>k are conc]n$1 ! ,codex ,b]at9us 1 & ! ,rossan5sian ,codex 1 bo? ( :i* are ( ! e>ly "p ( ! six? c5tury or end ( ! fif?4 ,b ^! two witness g5]ally aga9/ ! two olde/1 & h n yet receiv$ z mu* att5tion z !y des]ve4 ,x w be f\nd 9 ! end t we h be5 guilty ( no exagg]ation 9 *>act]iz+ ,b1 1 & ,d at ! outset1 z ?ree ( ! mo/ corrupt copies 9 exi/5ce4 ,let n any "o suppose t ! age ( ^! five ,,mss4 places !m ^u a p$e/al high] ?an all o!rs4 ,!y c be prov$ to be wrong "t aft] "t by evid5ce ( an e>li] p]iod ?an t :i* !y c boa/4 ,inde$1 t copies ( ,scripture1 z a class1 are ! mo/ important in/rum5ts ( ,textual ,criticism is :at no compet5t p]son w be f\nd to d5y4 ,! *ief reasons ( ?is are _! cont9u\s text1 _! design$ embodim5t ( ! writt5 ,^w1 _! numb]1 & _! v>iety4 ,b we make also su* great acc\nt ( ,,mss41 because 7#a7 !y supply unbrok5 evid5ce to ! text ( ,scripture f an e>ly date ?r\gh\t hi/ory until ! inv5tion ( pr9t+2 7#b7 !y are obs]v$ to be dott$ ov] e c5tury ( ! ,*ur* aft] ! fir/ ?ree2 7#c7 !y are ! unit$ product ( all ! patri>*ates 9 ,*ri/5dom4 ,!re c h be5 no collusion !re=e 9 ! prep>ation ( ?is class ( au?orities4 ,! risk ( errone\s transcription has be5 r$uc$ to ! l[e/ possible am\nt4 ,! preval5ce ( fraud to a univ]sal ext5t is simply a ?+ impossible4 ,conjectural corrections ( ! text are pretty sure1 9 ! long run1 to h become effectually exclud$4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! te/imony ( ,fa!rs is fragm5t>y1 undesign$1 ?\gh (t5 on t acc\nt ! m valuable1 & inde$1 z has be5 already said1 is (t5 n to be f\nd2 yet occasionally x is v preci\s1 :e!r f em95t antiquity or ! cle>ness ( _! v]dict3 :ile ,v]sions1 ?\gh on l>g] details !y yield a mo/ valuable collat]al evid5ce1 yet f _! nature are incapable ( r5d]+ help ^u _m important po9ts ( detail4 ,inde$1 9 respect ( ! ipsissima v]ba ( ,scripture1 ! evid5ce ( ,v]sions 9 o!r languages mu/ be prec>i\s 9 a high degree4 ,und5iable x is1 t z f> z reg>ds ,primitiv5ess1 c]ta9 ( ! ,v]sions1 & n a few ( ! ,fa!rs1 ?r[ ,manuscripts altoge!r 9 ! %ade4 ,we possess no actual copies ( ! ,new ,te/am5t s old z ! ,syriac & ! ,lat9 ,v]sions by probably m ?an two hundr$ ye>s4 ,some?+ simil> is p]haps to be said ( ! ,v]sions made into ! languages ( ,l[] & ,upp] ,egypt1 :i* may be ( ! ?ird c5tury7#ai74 ,reasonable also x is to assume t 9 no in/ance 0 an anci5t ,v]sion execut$ f a s+le ,greek exempl>3 consequ5tly1 ,v]sions enjoy$ bo? 9 _! orig9 & 9 _! acceptance m publicity ?an ( necessity atta*$ to any individual copy4 ,& x is und5iable t on c\ntless occasions ! evid5ce ( a translation1 on acc\nt ( ! cle>ness ( its te/imony1 is e bit z satisfactory z t ( an actual copy ( ! ,greek4 ,b ,i w\ld especially rem9d my read]s ( ,b5tley's gold5 precept1 t 8,! real text ( ! sacr$ writ]s does n n[1 s9ce ! orig9als h be5 s long lo/1 lie 9 any ,,ms4 or edition1 b is disp]s$ 9 !m all40 ,?is tru?1 :i* 0 evid5t to ! p[]ful intellect ( t great s*ol>1 lies at ! root ( all s\nd ,textual ,criticism4 ,to abide by ! v]dict ( ! two1 or five1 or sev5 olde/ ,manuscripts1 is at fir/ sight plausible1 & is ! natural refuge ( /ud5ts :o are ei!r sup]ficial1 or :o wi% to make _! task z easy & simple z possible4 ,b to put aside inconv5i5t witnesses is contr>y to all pr9ciples ( ju/ice & ( sci5ce4 ,! problem is m complex1 & is n to be solv$ s readily4 ,evid5ce ( a /rong & v>i$ "* may n ) safety be ca/ away1 z if x 7 wor?less4 #d4 ,we are con/ra9$ !re=e to proce$ to ! consid]ation ( ! va/ mass ( te/imony :i* lies ready to our h&s4 ,& we mu/ j z evid5tly seek = pr9ciples to guide u 9 ! employm5t ( x4 ,= x is ! abs5ce ( any true *>t ( ! ocean t has l$ p to /e] to any b>r5 isl&1 :i* "u a guise ( sup]ior antiquity might at fir/ sight pres5t ! delusive appe>ance ( be+ ! only safe & sure h>b\r4 #a4 ,we are all1 ,i tru/1 agre$ at lea/ 9 ?is1--,t ! ?+ :i* we are always 9 se>* ( is ! ,text ( ,scripture z x actually proce$$ f ! inspir$ writ]s !mselves4 ,x is nev]1 ,i mean1 8anci5t read+s0 :i* we propose z ! ultimate object ( our inquiries4 ,x is always ! olde/ ,read+ ( all :i* we desire to asc]ta92 9 o!r words1 ! orig9al ,text1 no?+ else or less ?an ! v words ( ! holy ,evangeli/s & ,apo/les !mselves4 ,& axiomatic z ?is is1 x requires to be cle>ly laid d[n4 ,= sometimes critics appe> to be engross$ ) ! "o solicitude to e/abli% conc]n+ ! read+s = :i* !y cont5d1 t at lea/ !y mu/ ne$s be v anci5t4 ,n[1 s9ce all read+s mu/ ne$s be v anci5t :i* are f\nd 9 v anci5t docum5ts1 no?+ has really be5 a*iev$ by prov+ t su* & su* read+s exi/$ 9 ! second c5tury ( our era3--unless x c also be prov$ t !re are c]ta9 o!r att5dant circum/ances atta*+ to ^? read+s1 :i* con/itute a fair presumption1 t !y mu/ ne$s be reg>d$ z ! only g5u9e word+ ( ! passage 9 "q4 ,! ,holy ,scriptures are n an ar5a = ! ex]cise or display ( ! +5uity ( critics4 #b4 ,i tru/ x may fur!r be laid d[n z a fundam5tal pr9ciple t ( two possible ways ( read+ ! ,text1 t way :i* is f\nd on exam9ation to be ! bett] atte/$ & au!nticat$--by :i* ,i mean1 ! read+ :i* proves on inquiry to be support$ by ! bett] evid5ce--mu/ 9 e in/ance be ( necessity presum$ to be ! actual read+1 & is to be accept$ accord+ly by all /ud5ts4 #c4 ,i w v5ture to make only "o m po/ulate1 viz4 ?is3 ,t hi!rto we h become acqua9t$ ) no s+le au?ority :i* is entitl$ to dictate absolutely on all occasions1 or ev5 on any "o occasion1 z to :at %all or %all n be reg>d$ z ! true ,text ( ,scripture4 ,we h "h no "o infallible witness1 ,i say1 ^: solit>y dictum is compet5t to settle controv]sies4 ,! problem n[ to be inve/igat$1 viz4 :at evid5ce is to be held to be 8! be/10 may d\btless be /at$ 9 _m ways3 b ,i suppose n m fairly ?an by propos+ ! foll[+ "q1--,c any rules be (f]$ :]eby 9 any case ( conflict+ te/imony x may be c]ta9ly asc]ta9$ :i* au?orities ought to be foll[$8 ,! c\rt is full ( witnesses :o contradict "o ano!r4 ,h[ are we to "k :i* ( !m to believe8 ,/range to say1 ! witnesses are commonly1 inde$ almo/ inv>iably1 obs]v$ to divide !mselves into two camps4 ,are !re no rules discov]able by :i* x may be probably det]m9$ ) :i* camp ( ! two ! tru? resides8 ,i proce$ to (f] = ! read]'s consid]ation sev5 ,te/s ( ,tru?1 conc]n+ ea* ( :i* ,i %all h some?+ to say 9 ! way ( explanation by-&-by4 ,9 ! end ,i %all ask ! read] to all[ t :]e ^! sev5 te/s are f\nd to conspire1 we may confid5tly assume t ! evid5ce is wor?y ( all acceptance1 & is to be implicitly foll[$4 ,a read+ %\ld be atte/$ !n by ! sev5 foll[+4 ,,notes ,,( ,,tru?4 #a4 ,antiquity1 or ,primitiv5ess2 #b4 ,cons5t ( ,witnesses1 or ,numb]2 #c4 ,v>iety ( ,evid5ce1 or ,ca?olicity2 #d4 ,respectability ( ,witnesses1 or ,weight2 #e4 ,cont9uity1 or ,unbrok5 ,tradition2 #f4 ,evid5ce ( ! ,entire ,passage1 or ,context2 #g4 ,int]nal ,consid]ations1 or ,reasonabl5ess4 #e4 ,! full consid]ation ( ^! ,te/s ( ,tru? mu/ be po/pon$ to ! next *apt]4 ,mean:ile1 ?ree discussions ( a m g5]al "* dem& imm$iate att5tion4 ,i4 ,antiquity1 9 & by itself1 w be f\nd to avail no?+4 ,a read+ is to be adopt$ n because x is old1 b because x is ! be/ atte/$1 & !re=e ! olde/4 ,!re may seem to be p>adox on my "p3 b !re is none4 ,i h admitt$1 & inde$ insi/ ^u x1 t ! olde/ read+ ( all is ! v ?+ we are 9 se>* (3 = t mu/ ( necessity be :at proce$$ f ! p5 ( ! sacr$ writ] himself4 ,b1 z a rule1 fifty ye>s1 m or less1 mu/ be assum$ to h int]v5$ betwe5 ! production ( ! inspir$ autographs & ! e>lie/ writt5 repres5tation ( !m n[ extant4 ,& precisely 9 t fir/ age x 0 t m5 ev9c$ !mselves lea/ c>eful or accurate 9 gu>d+ ! ,deposit1--lea/ critically exact 9 _! way ( quot+ x2--:il/ ! enemy 0 mo/ re/less1 mo/ assidu\s 9 procur+ its depravation4 ,/range z x may s\nd1--di/ress+ z ! discov]y mu/ ne$s prove :5 x is fir/ di/9ctly realiz$1--! e>lie/ %r$s & scraps--= !y are at fir/ no m--t come into our h&s z quotations ( ! text ( ! ,new ,te/am5t ,scriptures are n only disappo9t+ by reason ( _! inexactness1 _! fragm5t>y "*1 _! vagu5ess2 b !y are (t5 demon/rably inaccurate4 ,i proce$ to give "o example out ( _m4 8,my ,god1 ,my ,god1 :]e=e ha/ ?\ =sak5 me80 2 ,s x is 9 ,/4 ,matt4 xxvii4 #df3 s 9 ,/4 ,m>k xv4 #cd4 ,b because1 9 ! latt] place1 ,b1 "o ,old ,lat91 ! ,vulgate1 & ! ,bohairic ,v]sions1 besides ,eusebius1 foll[$ by ,l & a few cursives1 rev]se ! ord] ( ! la/ two words1 ! editors are unanim\s 9 do+ ! same ?+4 ,!y h yet old] au?ority1 h[ev]1 = :at !y d4 ,ju/9 ,m4 7,a4,d4 #afd7 & ! ,val5t9ians 7,a4,d4 #aej7 are ) !m4 ,z f> !re=e z antiquity goes1 ! evid5ce = read+ is really wondr\s /rong4 ,& yet ! evid5ce on ! o!r side1 :5 x is consid]$1 is p]ceiv$ to be ov]:elm+7#bj74 ,add ! discov]y t is ! e/abli%$ read+ ( ! famili> ,septuag9t1 & we h no hesitation :atev] 9 reta9+ ! commonly ,receiv$ ,text1 because ! secret is out4 ,b 7 sure to foll[ ! ,septuag9t1 :i* 0 s de> to ,orig54 ,fur!r discussion ( ! po9t is sup]flu\s4 ,i %all ( c\rse be ask$1--,are we !n to und]/& t y condemn ! :ole body ( anci5t au?orities z untru/wor?y8 ,& if y d1 to :at o!r au?orities w\ld y h u resort8 ,i answ]3--,s f> f reg>d+ ! :ole body ( anci5t au?orities z untru/wor?y1 x is precisely 8! :ole body ( anci5t au?orities0 to :i* ,i insi/ t we mu/ inv>iably make our appeal1 & to :i* we mu/ ev5tually def]4 ,i reg>d !m !re=e ) m ?an rev]5ce4 ,i submit to _! decision unres]v$ly4 ,d\btless ,i refuse to reg>d any "o ( ^? same mo/ anci5t manuscripts--or ev5 any two or ?ree ( !m--z oracul>4 ,b :y8 ,because ,i am able to demon/rate t e "o ( !m s+ly is 9 a high degree corrupt1 & is condemn$ ^u evid5ce old] ?an itself4 ,to p9 my fai? !re=e to "o1 two1 or ?ree ( ^? ecc5tric exempl>s1 7 inde$ to ins9uate t ! :ole body ( anci5t au?orities is unwor?y ( cr$it4 ,x is to ,antiquity1 ,i repeat1 t ,i make my appeal3 & fur!r1 ,i insi/ t ! asc]ta9$ v]dict ( ,antiquity %all be accept$4 ,b !n1 inasmu* z by 8,antiquity0 ,i d n ev5 mean any "o s+le anci5t au?ority1 h[ev] anci5t1 to ! exclusion (1 & 9 pref]5ce to1 all ! re/1 b ! :ole collective body1 x is precisely 8! body ( anci5t au?orities0 :i* ,i propose z ! arbit]s4 ,?us1 ,i d n mean by 8,antiquity0 ei!r 7#a7 ! ,pe%itto ,syriac3 or 7#b7 ,cureton's ,syriac3 or 7#c7 ! ,old ,lat9 ,v]sions3 or 7#d7 ! ,vulgate3 or 7#e7 ! ,egyptian1 or inde$ 7#f7 any o!r ( ! anci5t ,v]sions3--n 7#g7 ,orig51 nor 7#h7 ,eusebius1 nor 7#i7 ,*ryso/om1 nor 7#aj7 ,cyril1--nor inde$ 7#aa7 any o!r anci5t ,fa!r /&+ alone3 nei!r 7#ab7 ,cod4 ,a1--nor 7#ac7 ,cod4 ,b1--nor 7#ad7 ,cod4 ,c1--nor 7#ae7 ,cod4 ,d1--nor 7#af7 ,cod4 1--nor 9 fact 7#ag7 any o!r individual ,codex t c be nam$4 ,i %\ld z soon ?9k ( conf\nd+ ! ca!dral h>d by ) "o or two ( ! /ones :i* compose x4 ,by ,antiquity ,i und]/& ! :ole body ( docum5ts :i* convey to me ! m9d ( ,antiquity1--transport me back to ! primitive age1 & acqua9t me1 z f> z is n[ possible1 ) :at 0 its v]dict4 ,& by p>ity ( reason+1 ,i altoge!r decl9e to accept z decisive ! v]dict ( any two or ?ree ( ^! 9 defiance ( ! asc]ta9$ au?ority ( all1 or a majority ( ! re/4 ,9 %ort1 ,i decl9e to accept a fragm5t ( ,antiquity1 arbitr>ily brok5 (f1 9 lieu ( ! entire mass ( anci5t witnesses4 ,& fur!r ?an ?is1 ,i recognize o!r ,notes ( ,tru?1 z ,i h /at$ already2 & ,i %all prove ?is position 9 my next *apt]4 #f4 ,,ii4 ,! t]m 8v>i\s read+s0 conveys an entirely incorrect impression ( ! grave discrepancies discov]able betwe5 a little h&ful ( docum5ts--( :i* ,codexes ,b- ( ! f\r? c5tury1 ,d ( ! six?1 ,l ( ! eigh?1 are ! mo/ conspicu\s samples--& ! ,traditional ,text ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,! expression 8v>i\s read+s0 belongs to secul> lit]ature & ref]s to ph5om5a ess5tially diff]5t f ^? exhibit$ by ! copies j m5tion$4 ,n b :at 8v>i\s read+s10 prop]ly s call$1 are z pl5tiful 9 sacr$ z 9 pr(ane codexes4 ,"o has b to inspect ,scriv5]'s ,full & ,exact ,collation ( ab\t ,tw5ty ,greek ,manuscripts ( ! ,gospels 7#ahec7 to be conv9c$ ( ! fact4 ,b :5 we /udy ! ,new ,te/am5t by ! light ( su* ,codexes z ,b,,dl1 we f9d ourselves 9 an entirely new region ( exp]i5ce2 confront$ by ph5om5a n only unique b ev5 port5t\s4 ,! text has und]gone app>5tly an habitual1 if n sy/ematic1 depravation2 has be5 manipulat$ ?r\gh\t 9 a wild way4 ,influ5ces h be5 demon/rably at "w :i* altoge!r p]plex ! judgem5t4 ,! result is simply calamit\s4 ,!re are evid5ces ( p]si/5t mutilation1 n only ( words & clauses1 b ( entire s5t5ces4 ,! sub/itution ( "o expression = ano!r1 & ! arbitr>y transposition ( words1 are ph5om5a ( su* p]petual occurr5ce1 t x becomes evid5t at la/ t :at lies be=e u is n s mu* an anci5t copy1 z an anci5t rec5sion ( ! ,sacr$ ,text4 ,& yet n by any means a rec5sion 9 ! usual s5se ( ! ^w z an au?oritative revision3 b only z ! "n may be appli$ to ! product ( individual inaccuracy or caprice1 or ta/eless assiduity on ! "p ( "o or _m1 at a p>ticul> "t or 9 a long s]ies ( ye>s4 ,!re are reasons = inf]r+1 t we h alight$ on five specim5s ( :at ! misguid$ piety ( a primitive age is kn[n to h be5 fruitful 9 produc+4 ,( fraud1 /rictly speak+1 !re may h be5 little or none4 ,we %\ld %r9k f imput+ an evil motive :]e any matt] w be> an hon\rable int]pretation4 ,b1 z w be se5 lat] on1 ^! ,codexes ab\nd ) s mu* lic5ti\sness or c>elessness z to sugge/ ! inf]5ce1 t !y are 9 fact indebt$ = _! pres]vation to _! hopeless "*4 ,?us x w\ld appe> t an evil reputation ensur$ _! neglect 9 anci5t times2 & has procur$ t !y %\ld survive to our own1 long aft] multitudes :i* 7 mu* bett] _h p]i%$ 9 ! ,ma/]'s s]vice4 ,let m5 ?9k ( ?is matt] z !y w1--:atev] 9 fact may prove to be ! hi/ory ( t peculi> ,text :i* f9ds its *ief expon5ts 9 ,codd4 ,b,,dl1 9 "s copies ( ! ,old ,lat91 & 9 ! ,curetonian ,v]sion1 9 ,orig51 & to a less] ext5t 9 ! ,bohairic & ,sahidic ,translations1--all mu/ admit1 z a matt] ( fact1 t x diff]s ess5tially f ! ,traditional ,text1 & is no m]e v>iation ( x4 ,b :y1 x w be ask$1 may x n be ! g5u9e article8 ,:y may n ! 8,traditional ,text0 be ! fabrication8 #a4 ,! burd5 ( pro(1 we reply1 re/s ) our oppon5ts4 ,! cons5t )\t conc]t ( 7suppose7 #iij out ( #ajjj copies1--( e date f ! fif? to ! f\rte5? c5tury1 & belong+ to e region ( anci5t ,*ri/5dom1--is a colossal fact n to be set aside by any am\nt ( +5uity4 ,a pr$ilection = two f\r?-c5tury manuscripts closely resembl+ "o ano!r1 yet /&+ ap>t 9 e page s s]i\sly t x is easi] to f9d two consecutive v]ses 9 :i* !y diff] ?an two consecutive v]ses 9 :i* !y entirely agree3--su* a pref]5ce1 ,i say1 ap>t f abundant or ev5 def9itely cle> pro( t x is well f\nd$1 is surely n entitl$ to be accept$ z conclusive4 #b4 ,next1--,because1--al?\gh = conv5i5ce we h hi!rto spok5 ( ,codexes ,b,,dl z exhibit+ a s+le text1--x is 9 reality n "o text b fragm5ts ( _m1 :i* are to be met ) 9 ! little h&ful ( au?orities enum]at$ above4 ,_! witness does n agree toge!r4 ,! ,traditional ,text1 on ! contr>y1 is unmi/akably "o4 #c4 ,fur!r1--,because x is extremely improbable1 if n impossible1 t ! ,traditional ,text 0 or c\ld h be5 d]iv$ f su* a docum5t z ! ar*etype ( ,b-3 :]eas ! conv]se op]ation is at once obvi\s & easy4 ,!re is no difficulty 9 produc+ a %ort text by omission ( words1 or clauses1 or v]ses1 f a full] text3 b ! full] text c\ld n h be5 produc$ f ! %ort] by any developm5t :i* w\ld be possible "u ! facts ( ! case7#ba74 ,glosses w\ld acc\nt = *anges 9 ! ar*etype ( ,b-1 b n conv]sely7#bb74 #d4 ,b ! *ief reason is1--,because1 on mak+ our appeal unres]v$ly to ,antiquity--to ,v]sions & ,fa!rs z well z copies1--! result is unequivocal4 ,! ,traditional ,text becomes triumphantly e/abli%$1--! ecc5tricities ( ,b,d & _! colleagues become "o & all emphatically condemn$4 ,all ^!1 9 ! mean "t1 are po9ts conc]n+ :i* some?+ has be5 said already1 & m w h to be said 9 ! sequel4 ,return+ n[ to ! ph5om5on adv]t$ to at ! outset1 we desire to expla9 t :]eas 8,v>i\s ,read+s10 prop]ly s call$1 t is to say1 ! ,read+s :i* possess really /rong atte/ation--= m ?an n9ete5-tw5tie?s ( ! 8,v>i\s ,read+s0 commonly quot$ are only ! vag>ies ( scribes1 & ought n to be call$ 8,read+s0 at all--d n require classification into gr\ps1 z ,griesba* & ,hort h classifi$ !m2 8,corrupt ,read+s10 if !y are to be intellig5tly h&l$1 mu/ by all means be di/ribut$ "u di/9ct heads1 z w be done 9 ! ,second ,"p ( ?is "w4 ,,iii4 8,x is n at all our design0 7rem>ks ,dr4 ,scriv5]7 8to seek our read+s f ! lat] uncials1 support$ z !y usually are by ! mass ( cursive manuscripts2 b to employ _! confess$ly second>y evid5ce 9 ^? numb]less in/ances :]e9 _! eld] bre?r5 are hopelessly at v>iance7#bc740 ,f :i* x is pla9 t 9 ?is excell5t writ]'s op9ion1 ! tru? ( ,scripture is to be s\ght 9 ! fir/ in/ance at ! h&s ( ! old] uncials3 t only :5 ^! yield conflict+ te/imony may we resort to ! 8confess$ly second>y evid5ce0 ( ! lat] uncials3 & t only s may we proce$ to inquire = ! te/imony ( ! great mass ( ! cursive copies4 ,x is n difficult to =esee :at w\ld be ! result ( su* a me?od ( proc$ure4 ,i v5ture !re=e respectfully b firmly to demur to ! _s ( my le>n$ fri5d's rem>ks on ! pres5t1 & on _m simil> occasions4 ,8 language is calculat$ to c\nt5ance ! popul> belief 7#a7 ,t ! au?ority ( an uncial codex1 because x is an uncial1 is necess>ily great] ?an t ( a codex writt5 9 ! cursive "*3 an imag9ation :i* ^u pro( ,i hold to be gr\ndless4 ,betwe5 ! text ( ! lat] uncials & ! text ( ! cursive copies1 ,i fail to detect any sep>ative diff]5ce3 c]ta9ly no su* diff]5ce z w\ld induce me to assign ! palm to ! =m]4 ,x w be %ewn lat] on 9 ?is treatise1 t x is a pure assumption to take = grant$1 or to inf]1 t cursive copies 7 all desc5d$ f ! uncials4 ,new discov]ies 9 palaeography h rul$ t error to be out ( c\rt4 ,b 7#b7 especially d ,i demur to ! popul> notion1 to :i* ,i regret to f9d t ,dr4 ,scriv5] l5ds 8 p[]ful sanction1 t ! text ( ,scripture is to be s\ght 9 ! fir/ in/ance 9 ! olde/ ( ! uncials4 ,i v5ture to express my a/oni%m5t t s le>n$ & ?\ghtful a man %\ld n h se5 t be=e c]ta9 8eld] bre?r50 are erect$ into a supreme c\rt ( judicature1 "s o!r tok5 ( fitness besides t ( age mu/ be produc$ on _! behalf4 ,:5ce1 ,i c b ask--1 :5ce is x t no "o has yet be5 at ! pa9s to e/abli% ! contradictory ( ! foll[+ proposition1 viz4 t ,codexes ,b,,cd are ! sev]al deposit>ies ( a fabricat$ & deprav$ text3 & t ,b,d1 = ,c is a palimpse/1 i4e41 has _h ! works ( ,ephraem ! ,syrian writt5 ov] x z if x 7 ( no use1 are probably indebt$ = _! v pres]vation solely to ! fact t !y 7 anci5tly recogniz$ z untru/wor?y docum5ts8 ,d m5 inde$ f9d x impossible to realize ! notion t !re mu/ h exi/$ su* ?+s z refuse copies 9 ! f\r?1 fif?1 six?1 & sev5? c5turies z well z 9 ! eigh?1 n9?1 t5?1 & elev5?8 & t ! ,codexes :i* we call ,b,,cd may possibly1 if n z ,i hold probably1 h be5 ( t class7#bd78 ,n[ ,i submit t x is a suffici5t condemnation ( ,codd4 ,b,,cd z a supreme c\rt ( judicature 7#a7 ,t z a rule !y are obs]v$ to be discordant 9 _! judgem5ts3 7#b7 ,t :5 !y ?us diff] among !mselves x is g5]ally demon/rable by an appeal to antiquity t ! two pr9cipal judges ,b & h deliv]$ a mi/ak5 judgem5t3 7#c7 ,t :5 ^! two diff] "o f ! o!r1 ! supreme judge ,b is (t5 9 ! wrong3 & la/ly 7#d7 ,t x con/antly happ5s t all f\r agree1 & yet all f\r are 9 error4 ,does any "o !n inquire1--,b :y at all ev5ts may n resort be _h 9 ! fir/ in/ance to ,codd4 ,b,,acd8--,i answ]1--,because ! inquiry is apt to prejudice ! "q1 pretty sure to mislead ! judgem5t1 only too likely to n>r[ ! issue & r5d] ! ,tru? hopelessly difficult ( atta9m5t4 ,= e reason1 ,i am incl9$ to propose ! directly opposite me?od ( proc$ure1 z at once ! saf] & ! m reasonable me?od4 ,:5 ,i le>n t d\bt exi/s1 z to ! read+ ( any p>ticul> place1 in/ead ( inquir+ :at am\nt ( discord on ! subject exi/s betwe5 ,codexes ,,ab,,cd 7= ! *ances are t !y w be all at logg]heads among !mselves71 ,i inquire = ! v]dict z x is giv5 by ! ma9 body ( ! copies4 ,?is is g5]ally unequivocal4 ,b if 7:i* seldom happ5s7 ,i f9d ?is a d\btful "q1 !n inde$ ,i beg9 to exam9e ! sep>ate witnesses4 ,yet ev5 !n x helps me little1 or r x helps me no?+1 to f9d1 z ,i commonly d1 t ,a is on "o side & ,b on ! o!r1--except by ! way t :]ev] ,b are se5 toge!r1 or :5 ,d /&s ap>t ) only a few allies1 ! inf]ior read+ is pretty sure to be f\nd !re also4 ,suppose h[ev] 7z commonly happ5s7 !re is no s]i\s division1--( c\rse1 significance does n atta* itself to any h&ful ( ecc5tric copies1--b t !re is a practical unanimity among ! cursives & lat] uncials3 ,i _c see t a veto c re/ ) su* un/able & discordant au?orities1 h[ev] mu* !y may s+ly add to ! weight ( ! vote already t5d]$4 ,x is z a hundr$ to "o t ! uncial or uncials :i* are ) ! ma9 body ( ! cursives are "r1 because 7z w be %[n7 9 _! cons5ti5ce !y embody ! virtual decision ( ! :ole ,*ur*2 & t ! diss5ti5ts--be !y few or _m--are wrong4 ,i inquire h[ev]1--,:at say ! ,v]sions8 & la/ b n lea/1--,:at say ! ,fa!rs8 ,! ess5tial error 9 ! proce$+ ,i object to is be/ illu/rat$ by an appeal to elem5t>y facts4 ,only two ( ! 8five old uncials0 are complete docum5ts1 ,b & 3 & ^! be+ confess$ly d]iv$ f "o & ! same exempl>1 _c be reg>d$ z two4 ,! re/ ( ! 8old uncials0 are lam5tably defective4--,f ! ,alex&rian ,codex 7,a7 ! fir/ tw5ty-f\r *apt]s ( ,/4 ,mat!w's ,gospel are miss+3 t is1 ! ,,ms4 lacks #hgj v]ses out ( #a1jga4 ,! same ,codex is also )\t #abf consecutive v]ses ( ,/4 ,john's ,gospel4 ,m ?an "o-f\r? ( ! cont5ts ( ,cod4 ,a are !re=e lo/7#be74--;,d is complete only 9 respect ( ,/4 ,luke3 want+ #aai v]ses ( ,/4 ,mat!w1--#e v]ses ( ,/4 ,m>k1--#aff v]ses ( ,/4 ,john4--,on ! o!r h&1 ,codex ,c is *iefly defective 9 respect ( ,/4 ,luke's & ,/4 ,john's ,gospel2 f ! =m] ( :i* x omits #fdc 7out ( #a1aea7 v]ses2 f ! latt]1 #eac 7out ( #hhj71 or f> m ?an ! half 9 ei!r case4 ,codex ,c 9 fact c only be describ$ z a collection ( fragm5ts3 = x is also )\t #bfj v]ses ( ,/4 ,mat!w1 & )\t #aaf ( ,/4 ,m>k4 ,! disa/r\s consequ5ce ( all ?is to ! ,textual ,critic is manife/4 ,he is unable to comp>e 8! five old uncials0 toge!r except 9 respect ( ab\t "o v]se 9 ?ree4 ,sometimes he f9ds himself r$uc$ to ! te/imony ( ,a,b3 = _m pages toge!r ( ,/4 ,john's ,gospel1 he is r$uc$ to ! te/imony ( ,,bd4 ,n[1 :5 ! fatal & peculi> sympa?y :i* subsi/s betwe5 ^! ?ree docum5ts is consid]$1 x becomes app>5t t ! ,critic has 9 effect little m ?an two docum5ts be=e him4 ,& :at is to be said :5 7z f ,/4 ,matt4 vi4 #bj to vii4 #d7 he is r$uc$ to ! witness ( two ,codexes1--& ^?1 ,b8 ,evid5t x is t :]eas ! ,au?or ( ,scripture ha? b\ntifully furni%$ ,8 ,*ur* ) 7speak+ r\ghly7 upw>ds ( #b1cjj7bf7 copies ( ! ,gospels1 by a volunt>y act ( self-impov]i%m5t1 "s ,critics r$uce !mselves to ! te/imony ( little m ?an "o3 & t "o a witness :om _m judges consid] to be undes]v+ ( confid5ce4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,! ,,sev5 ,,notes ,,( ,,tru?4 #a4 ,antiquity4 ,! m anci5t te/imony is probably ! bett] te/imony4 ,t x is n by any means always s is a famili> fact4 ,to quote ! kn[n dictum ( a compet5t judge3 8,x is no less true to fact ?an p>adoxical 9 s\nd1 t ! wor/ corruptions to :i* ! ,new ,te/am5t has ev] be5 subject$1 orig9at$ )9 a hundr$ ye>s aft] x 0 compos$2 t ,ir5aeus & ! ,african ,fa!rs & ! :ole ,we/]n1 ) a portion ( ! ,syriac ,*ur*1 us$ f> inf]ior manuscripts to ^? employ$ by ,/unica1 or ,erasmus1 or ,/eph51 ?irte5 c5turies aft]1 :5 m\ld+ ! ,textus ,receptus7#bg740 ,!re=e ,antiquity alone af=ds no security t ! manuscript 9 our h&s is n infect$ ) ! corruption :i* sprang up l>gely 9 ! fir/ & second c5turies4 ,b x rema9s true1 not)/&+1 t until evid5ce has be5 produc$ to ! contr>y 9 any p>ticul> in/ance1 ! m anci5t ( two witnesses may reasonably be presum$ to be ! bett] in=m$ witness4 ,%ew me = example t1 :]eas a copy ( ! ,gospels 7suppose ,cod4 ,b7 introduces ! clause 8,raise ! dead0 into our ,,savi\r',s m9i/]ial commission to ,8 ,apo/les 7,/4 ,matt4 x4 #h71--;ano!r ,codex1 b only ( ! f\rte5? c5tury 7suppose ,evan4 #fjd 7,hoski]771 omits x2--am ,i n b\nd to assume t our ,,"l did give ?is *>ge to ,8 ,apo/les2 did say to !m1 2 & t ! words 9 "q h accid5tally dropp$ out ( ! sacr$ ,text 9 t lat] copy8 ,%[ me besides t 9 ?ree o!r ( our olde/ ,codexes 7,,cd7 ! place 9 ,/4 ,mat!w is exhibit$ 9 ! same way z 9 ,cod4 ,b2 & ( :at possible avail c x be t ,i %\ld urge 9 reply t 9 ?ree m ,,mss4 ( ! ?irte5? or f\rte5? c5tury ! text is exhibit$ 9 ! same way z 9 ,evan4 #fjd8 ,!re is ( c\rse a /rong antec$5t probability1 t ! te/imony :i* comes ne>e/ to ! orig9al autographs has m claim to be ! true record ?an t :i* has be5 produc$ at a fur!r di/ance f !m4 ,x is mo/ likely t ! e>li] is sep>at$ f ! orig9al by few] l9ks ?an ! lat]3--?\gh we c affirm ?is ) no absolute c]ta9ty1 because ! pres5t survival ( ,uncials ( v>i\s dates ( production %ews t ! exi/5ce ( copies is measur$ by no span l t ( ! life ( m54 ,accord+ly z a g5]al rule1 & a g5]al rule only1 a s+le e>ly ,uncial possesses m au?ority ?an a s+le lat] ,uncial or ,cursive1 & a /ill e>li] ,v]sion or ,quotation by a ,fa!r mu/ be plac$ be=e ! read+ ( ! e>ly ,uncial4 ,only let u cle>ly und]/& :at pr9ciple is to guide u1 9 ord] t we may "k h[ we are to proce$4 ,is x to be assum$1 = in/ance1 t ,antiquity is to decide ?is matt]8 by :i* is meant only ?is1--,t1 ( two or m conflict+ read+s1 t %all be deem$ ! true read+ :i* is obs]v$ to occur 9 ! olde/ kn[n docum5t4 ,is t to be our fundam5tal pr9ciple8 ,are we1 9 o!r words1 to put up ) ! transp>5t fallacy t ! olde/ read+ mu/ ( necessity be f\nd 9 ! olde/ docum5t8 ,well1 if we h made up our m9ds t su* is to be our me?od1 !n let u proce$ to con/ruct our text *iefly by ! aid ( ! ,old ,lat9 & ,pe%itto ,v]sions1--! olde/ au?orities extant ( a cont9u\s text3 & c]ta9ly1 :]ev] ^! are obs]v$ to agree 9 respect ( any giv5 read+1 let u he> no?+ ab\t ! conflict+ te/imony ( or ,b1 :i* are ( ! f\r? c5tury2 ( ,d1 :i* is ( ! six?2 ( ,l1 :i* is ( ! eigh?4 ,b if our adv]s>ies %ift _! gr\nd1 dislik+ to be 8hoi/ ) _! own pet>d10 & if su* a solution /&+ alone does n comm5d itself to our own ta/e1 we mu/ ask1 ,:at is meant by ,antiquity8 ,= myself1 if ,i mu/ assign a def9ite p]iod1 ,i am dispos$ to say ! fir/ six or sev5 c5turies ( our era4 ,b ,i obs]ve t ^? :o h prec$$ me 9 ^! inquiries draw ! l9e at an e>li] p]iod4 ,la*mann fixes ,a4,d4 #djj3 ,tregelles 7ev] illogical7 gives ! beg9n+ ( ! sev5? c5tury3 ,we/cott & ,hort1 be=e ! close ( ! f\r? c5tury4 ,9 ?is abs5ce ( agreem5t1 x is f\nd to be bo? ! safe/ & ! wise/ c\rse to avoid draw+ any h>d & fa/ l9e1 & 9 fact any l9e at all4 ,antiquity is a comp>ative t]m4 ,:at is anci5t is n only old] ?an :at is mod]n1 b :5 con/antly appli$ to ! cont9u\s lapse ( ages includes consid]ations ( :at is m or less anci5t4 ,codex ,e is anci5t comp>$ ) ,codex ,l3 ,cod4 ,a comp>$ ) ,cod4 ,e3 ,cod4 comp>$ ) ,cod4 ,a3 ,cod4 ,b ?\gh 9 a mu* less] degree comp>$ ) ,cod4 3 ! ,old ,lat9 & ,pe%itto ,v]sions comp>$ ) ,cod4 ,b3 ,clem5s ,romanus comp>$ ) ei!r4 ,if we _h ! copy ( ! ,gospels :i* belong$ to ,ignatius1 ,i suppose we %\ld by common cons5t insi/ on foll[+ x almo/ implicitly4 ,x c]ta9ly w\ld be ( ov]:elm+ au?ority4 ,its decrees w\ld be only n decisive4 ,?is is1 ,i ?9k1 too /rong3 !re might be mi/akes ev5 9 t4--,e4 ,m4 ,!re=e by ,antiquity z a pr9ciple involv+ m or less au?ority mu/ be meant ! great] age ( ! e>li] ,copies1 ,v]sions1 or ,fa!rs4 ,t :i* is old] w possess m au?ority ?an t :i* is m rec5t3 b age w n conf] any exclusive1 or inde$ p>am\nt1 p[] ( decision4 ,antiquity is "o ,note ( ,tru?3 b ev5 if x is divorc$ f ! arbitr>y selection ( ,au?orities :i* has regulat$ too mu* ! employm5t ( x 9 ,textual ,criticism1 x _c be said to cov] ! :ole gr\nd4 #b4 ,numb]4 ,we mu/ proce$ n[ to consid] ! o!r ,notes1 or ,te/s3 & ! next is ,numb]4 #a4 ,t 8witnesses are to be weigh$--n c\nt$10--is a maxim ( :i* we he> con/antly4 ,x may be said to embody mu* fundam5tal fallacy4 #b4 ,x assumes t ! 8witnesses0 we possess1--mean+ !reby e s+le ,codex1 ,v]sion1 ,fa!r--1 7#a7 are capable ( be+ weigh$3 & 7#b7 t e individual ,critic is compet5t to weigh !m3 nei!r ( :i* propositions is true4 #c4 ,9 ! v =m ( ! maxim1--8,n to be c\nt$--b to be weigh$10--! und5iable fact is ov]look$ t 8numb]0 is ! mo/ ord9>y +r$i5t ( weight1 & inde$ 9 matt]s ( human te/imony1 is an elem5t :i* ev5 _c be ca/ away4 ,ask "o ( ,h] ,maje/y's ,judges if x be n s4 ,t5 witnesses 7suppose7 are call$ 9 to give evid5ce3 ( :om "o resolutely contradicts :at is solemnly depos$ to by ! o!r n9e4 ,:i* ( ! two p>ties d we suppose ! ,judge w be incl9$ to believe8 #d4 ,b x may be urg$--w\ld n ! discov]y ( ! "o orig9al autograph ( ! ,gospels exce$ 9 8weight0 any 8numb]0 ( copies :i* c be nam$8 ,no d\bt x w\ld1 ,i answ]4 ,b only because x w\ld be ! orig9al docum5t1 & n 8a copy0 at all3 n 8a witness0 to ! fact1 b ! v fact itself4 ,x w\ld be z if 9 ! mid/ ( a trial1--turn+1 suppose1 on ! hi/ory ( ! w ( "s te/ator--1 ! dead man himself 7 to /ep into ,c\rt1 & proclaim :at _h actually tak5 place4 ,yet ! laws ( ,evid5ce w\ld rema9 un*ang$3 & 9 ! v next trial :i* came on1 if "o or two witnesses out ( z _m hundr$ 7 to claim t _! evid5ce %\ld be held to outweigh t ( all ! re/1 !y w\ld be requir$ to e/abli% ! reasonabl5ess ( _! claim to ! satisfaction ( ! ,judge3 or !y mu/ submit to ! inevitable consequ5ce ( be+ left 9 an inconsid]able m9ority4 #e4 ,numb] !n con/itutes ,weight1 or 9 o!r words1--s9ce ,i h us$ 8,weight0 "h 9 a m g5]al s5se ?an usual1--is a ,note ( ,tru?4 ,n ( c\rse absolutely1 z be+ ! sole ,te/1 b caet]is p>ibus1 & 9 its own place & proportion4 ,& ?is1 happily1 our oppon5ts freely admit3 s freely 9 fact1 t my only wond] is t !y d n discov] _! own inconsi/5cy4 #f4 ,b ! axiom 9 "q lab\rs "u ! f> grav] defect ( disp>ag+ ! ,div9e me?od1 "u :i* 9 ! multitude ( evid5ce pres]v$ all d[n ! ages provision has be5 made z matt] ( h>d fact1 n by weight b by numb]1 = ! integrity ( ! ,deposit4 ,! preval5t use ( ! ,holy ,scriptures 9 ! ,*ur* caus$ copies ( !m to ab\nd ev]y:]e4 ,! dem& en=c$ ! supply4 ,!y 7 read 9 ! public ,s]vices ( ! ,*ur*4 ,! con/ant quotation ( !m by ,ecclesia/ical ,writ]s f ! fir/ proves t !y 7 a s\rce to ,*ri/ians ( cont9ual /udy1 & t !y 7 us$ z an ultimate appeal 9 ! decision ( knotty que/ions4 ,!y 7 cit$ copi\sly 9 ,s]mons4 ,!y 7 employ$ 9 ! conv]sion ( ! hea!n1 & z 9 ! case ( ,/4 ,cyprian mu/ h ex]cis$ a /rong influ5ce 9 br++ p to believe4 ,su* an abundance ( e>ly copies mu/ h ensur$ p]=ce ! production ( a result+ abundance ( o!r copies made ev]y:]e 9 cont9u\s succession f !m until ! inv5tion ( pr9t+4 ,accord+ly1 al?\gh c\ntless numb]s mu/ h p]i%$ by age1 use1 de/ruction 9 w>1 & by accid5t & o!r causes1 nev]!less #fc ,uncials1 #gcg ,cursives1 & #dad ,lection>ies are kn[n to survive ( ! ,gospels alone7#bh74 ,add ! v>i\s ,v]sions1 & ! mass ( quotations by ,ecclesia/ical ,writ]s1 & x w at once be evid5t :at mat]ials exi/ to con/itute a ,majority :i* %all outnumb] by _m times ! ,m9ority1 & also t ,numb] has be5 orda9$ to be a factor :i* _c be left out ( ! calculation4 #g4 ,ano!r circum/ance h[ev] ( mu* significance has yet to be /at$4 ,practically ! ,axiom "u consid]ation is discov]$ to be no?+ else b a plausible proposition ( a g5]al "* int5d$ to %elt] ! foll[+ p>ticul> application ( x3--8,we are able0--says ,dr4 ,tregelles--8to take ! few docum5ts 444 & safely disc>d 444 ! #hi_/ij or :atev] else _! num]ical proportion may be7#bi740 ,accord+ly 9 8 edition ( ! ,gospels1 ! le>n$ writ] rejects ! evid5ce ( all ! cursive ,codexes extant b ?ree4 ,he is ma9ly foll[$ by ! re/ ( 8 s*ool1 includ+ ,we/cott & ,hort4 ,n[ aga9 ,i ask1--,is x likely1 is x 9 any way cr$ible1 t we c be w>rant$ 9 reject+ ! te/imony ( 7suppose7 #adij anci5t witnesses1 9 fav\r ( ! te/imony borne by 7suppose7 t58 ,grant+ freely t two ( ^! t5 are old] by #ej or #ajj ye>s ?an any s+le ,,ms4 ( ! #adij ,i confid5tly repeat ! "q4 ,! respective dates ( ! witnesses be=e u may p]haps be ?us /at$4 ,! t5 ,,mss4 s confid5tly reli$ ^u date z foll[s1 speak+ g5]ally3-- #b ab\t ,a4,d4 #ccj-cdj4 #a ab\t #eej4 #a ab\t #gej4 #f 7say7 ab\t #iej to ,a4,d4 #acej4 ,! #adij ,,mss4 :i* are con/antly obs]v$ to be> cons5ti5t te/imony aga9/ ! t51 date some:at ?us3-- #a3 ,a4,d4 #djj4 #a3 #dej4 #b3 #ejj4 #af 7say73 #fej to ,a4,d4 #hej4 #adgj3 #hej to ,a4,d4 #acej4 ,& ! "q to :i* ,i invite ! read] to r5d] an answ] is ?is3--,by :at process ( reason+1 ap>t f an appeal to o!r au?orities1 7:i* we are go+ to make by-&-by71 c x be ?\ght cr$ible t ! few witnesses %all prove ! tru/wor?y guides1--& ! _m witnesses ! deceiv]s8 ,n[ ^? _m ,,mss4 7 execut$ demon/rably at diff]5t times 9 diff]5t c\ntries4 ,!y be> signs 9 _! _m hundr$s ( repres5t+ ! entire area ( ! ,*ur*1 except :]e v]sions 7 us$ in/ead ( copies 9 ! orig9al ,greek4 ,_m ( !m 7 writt5 9 mona/]ies :]e a special room 0 set aside = su* copy+4 ,^? :o 7 9 tru/ endeav\r$ ) ! utmo/ pa9s & jeal\sy to secure accuracy 9 ! transcription4 ,copy+ 0 a sacr$ art4 ,& yet1 ( multitudes ( !m t survive1 h>dly any h be5 copi$ f any ( ! re/4 ,on ! contr>y1 !y are discov]$ to diff] among !mselves 9 c\ntless unimportant p>ticul>s2 & e "h & !re s+le copies exhibit idiosyncrasies :i* are altoge!r />tl+ & extraord9>y4 ,!re has !re=e demon/rably be5 no collusion--no assimilation to an arbitr>y /&>d1--no :olesale fraud4 ,x is c]ta9 t e "o ( !m repres5ts a ,,ms41 or a p$igree ( ,,mss41 old] ?an itself2 & x is b fair to suppose t x ex]cises su* repres5tation ) tol]able accuracy4 ,x c (t5 be prov$1 :5 any ( !m exhibit m>k$ extravagancy1 t su* extravagancy dates back z f> z ! second or ?ird c5tury4 ,i v5ture to ?9k--& %all assume until ,i f9d t ,i am mi/ak5--t1 besides ! ,uncials1 all ! cursive copies 9 exi/5ce repres5t lo/ ,codexes ( great antiquity ) at lea/ ! same g5]al fidelity z ,ev4 #a1 #cc1 #fi1 :i* enjoy s mu* fav\r 9 "s qu>t]s only because !y repres5t lo/ ,,mss4 demon/rably ( ! same g5]al type z ,codd4 ,,bd7#cj74 ,x w be se5 t ! pro(s 9 fav\r ( ,numb] be+ a recogniz$ & p[]ful ,note ( ,tru? are s /rong1 t no?+ b ! int]e/s ( an absorb+ argum5t c prev5t ! ackn[l$gem5t ( ?is position4 ,x is d\btless inconv5i5t to f9d "s #adij witnesses contrav5+ "s t51 or if y w1 tw5ty fav\rites3 b ,tru? is imp]ative & kn[s no?+ ( ! inconv5i5ce or conv5i5ce ( ,critics4 #h4 ,:5 !re=e ! great bulk ( ! witnesses1--9 ! proportion suppose ( a hundr$ or ev5 fifty to "o1--yield unfalt]+ te/imony to a c]ta9 read+2 & ! rema9+ little h&ful ( au?orities1 :ile advocat+ a diff]5t read+1 are yet obs]v$ to be unable to agree among !mselves z to :at t diff]5t read+ %all precisely be1--!n t o!r read+ conc]n+ :i* all t discrepancy ( detail is obs]v$ to exi/1 may be reg>d$ z c]ta9ly false4 ,i w n[ give an in/ance ( ! g5]al ne$ ( ! te/imony ( ,numb] be+ add$ to ,antiquity1 9 ord] to e/abli% a ,read+4 ,!re is an obscure expression 9 ! ,epi/le to ! ,hebrews1--,al=d speaks ( x z 8almo/ a locus desp]atus0--:i* illu/rates ! matt] 9 h& n unaptly4 ,! receiv$ read+ ( ,heb4 iv4 #b1--8n be+ mix$ viz4 ! ^w prea*$ ) fai? 9 !m t he>d x10--is support$ by ! unit$ te/imony ( ! ,pe%itto & ( ! ,lat9 v]sions7#ca74 ,accord+ly1 ! discov]y t also exhibits det]m9$ ,tis*5dorf1 :o h[ev] /&s alone ) ,s*olz1 to reta9 9 ?is place ! s+ul> p>ticiple4 ,& confess$ly ! note ( ,antiquity x enjoys 9 p]fection2 z well z yields a suffici5tly intelligible s5se4 ,b !n un=tunately x proves to be incr$ible t ,/4 ,paul c h be5 ! au?or ( ! expression7#cb74 ,all ! kn[n copies b f\r7#cc7 read n b -4 ,s d all ! ,fa!rs :o are kn[n to quote ! place7#cd73--,mac>ius7#ce71 ,*ryso/om7#cf71 ,!odorus ( ,mopsue/ia7#cg71 ,cyril7#ch71 ,!odoret7#ci71 ,damasc5e7#dj71 ,photius7#da71 ,!ophylactus7#db71 ,oecum5ius7#dc74 ,! te/imony ( f\r ( ! old] ( ^! is ev5 express3 & su* an am\nt ( evid5ce is decisive4 ,b we are able to add t ( ! ,h>kleian1 ,bohairic1 ,e?iopic1 & ,arm5ian v]sions4 ,h[ev] uncong5ial !re=e ! ef=t may prove1 !re c be no d\bt at all t we mu/ h5ce=? read "h1--8,b ! ^w li/5$ to did n pr(it !m1 because !y 7 n unit$ 9 respect ( fai? ) ^? :o li/5$ & believ$03 or words to t effect7#dd74 ,let ?is !n be rememb]$ z a pro( t1 besides ev5 ! note ( ,v>iety to "s ext5t sup]-add$ to t ( ,antiquity1 x mu/ fur!r be %ewn on behalf ( any read+ :i* claims to be au!ntic1 t x enjoys also ! support ( a multitude ( witnesses3 9 o!r words t x has ! note ( ,numb] z well7#de74 ,& let no "o *]i% a secret suspicion t because ! ,syriac & ! ,lat9 v]sions are su* v5]able docum5ts !y mu/ be held to outweigh all ! re/1 & may be "r 9 ?is matt] aft] all4 ,x w be f\nd expla9$ else:]e t 9 places l ! pres5t1 ^? fam\s v]sions are (t5 obs]v$ to int]pret r ?an to reproduce ! inspir$ v]ity3 to dis*>ge ! (fice ( a ,t>gum r ?an ( a translation4 ,! sympa?y ?us ev9c$ betwe5 & ! ,lat9 %\ld be obs]v$3 ! significance ( x w come "u consid]ation aft]w>ds4 #c4 ,v>iety4 ,i mu/ po9t out 9 ! next place1 t ,evid5ce on any passage1 :i* exhibits 9 p]fection ! fir/ ( ! two =ego+ *>act]i/ics--t ( ,antiquity1 may nev]!less s easily fall "u suspicion1 t x becomes 9 ! highe/ degree necess>y to =tify x by o!r notes ( ,tru?4 ,& !re _c be a /rong] ally ?an ,v>iety4 ,no "o c d\bt1 = x /&s to reason1 t ,v>iety di/+ui%+ witnesses mass$ toge!r mu/ ne$s con/itute a mo/ p[]ful argum5t = believ+ su* ,evid5ce to be true4 ,witnesses ( diff]5t k9ds2 f diff]5t c\ntries2 speak+ diff]5t tongues3--witnesses :o c nev] h met1 & betwe5 :om x is incr$ible t !re %\ld exi/ collusion ( any k9d3--su* witnesses des]ve to be li/5$ to mo/ respectfully4 ,inde$1 :5 witnesses ( s v>i$ a sort agree 9 l>ge numb]s1 !y mu/ ne$s be acc\nt$ wor?y ( ev5 implicit confid5ce4 ,accord+ly1 ! ess5tial feature ( ! propos$ ,te/ w be1 t ! ,evid5ce ( :i* 8,v>iety0 is to be pr$icat$ %all be d]iv$ f a v>iety ( s\rces4 ,read+s :i* are witness$ to by ,,mss4 only2 or by anci5t ,v]sions only3 or by "o or m ( ! ,fa!rs only3--:atev] else may be urg$ on _! behalf1 are at lea/ )\t ! full support ( ?is note ( ,tru?2 unless !re be 9 ! case ( ,,mss4 a suffici5t note ( ,v>iety )9 _! own circle4 ,x ne$s only a slight acqua9tance ) ! pr9ciples :i* regulate ! value ( evid5ce1 & a comp>ison ) o!r cases enjoy+ x ( "o :]e !re is actually no v>iety1 to see ! extreme importance ( ?is ?ird ,te/4 ,:5 !re is real v>iety1 :at may be call$ hole-&-corn] "w1--conspiracy1--influ5ce ( sect or clique1--are impossible4 ,v>iety x is :i* imp>ts virtue to m]e ,numb]1 prev5ts ! witness-box f be+ fill$ ) pack$ depon5ts1 ensures g5u9e te/imony4 ,false witness is ?us detect$ & condemn$1 because x agrees n ) ! re/4 ,v>iety is ! cons5t ( indep5d5t witnesses1 & is !re=e em95tly ,ca?olic4 ,orig5 or ! ,vatican & ! ,s9aitic1 (t5 /& all b alone1 because !re are sc>ce any 9 ! assembly :o d n hail f o!r p>ts ) te/imony diff]5t f !irs1 :il/ _! own evid5ce f9ds little or no v]ification4 ,x is precisely ?is consid]ation :i* con/ra9s u to pay supreme att5tion to ! comb9$ te/imony ( ! ,uncials & ( ! :ole body ( ! ,cursive ,copies4 ,!y are 7a7 dott$ ov] at lea/ #ajjj ye>s3 7b7 !y evid5tly belong to s _m div]s c\ntries1--,greece1 ,con/ant9ople1 ,asia ,m9or1 ,pale/9e1 ,syria1 ,alex&ria1 & o!r p>ts ( ,africa1 n to say ,sicily1 ,s\!rn ,italy1 ,gaul1 ,engl&1 & ,irel&3 7c7 !y exhibit s _m /range *>act]i/ics & peculi> sympa?ies3 7d7 !y s cle>ly repres5t c\ntless families ( ,,mss41 be+ 9 no s+le in/ance absolutely id5tical 9 _! text1 & c]ta9ly n be+ copies ( any o!r ,codex 9 exi/5ce1--t _! unanim\s decision ,i hold to be an absolutely irrefragable evid5ce ( ! ,tru?7#df74 ,if1 aga91 only a few ( ^! copies disagree ) ! ma9 body ( !m1 ,i hold t ! value ( ! v]dict ( ! great majority is b slightly di/urb$4 ,ev5 !n h[ev] ! accession ( ano!r class ( confirmatory evid5ce is mo/ valuable4 ,?us1 :5 x is p]ceiv$ t ,codd4 ,,bcd are ! only uncials :i* conta9 ! clause 9 ,/4 ,matt4 x4 #h1 already spok5 (1 & t ! m]e/ fraction ( ! cursives exhibit ! same read+1 ! ma9 body ( ! cursives & all ! o!r uncials be+ = omitt+ x1 x is felt at once t ! features ( ! problem h be5 v ne>ly rev]s$4 ,on su* occasions we inquire eag]ly = ! v]dict ( ! mo/ anci5t ( ! ,v]sions3 & :51 z on ! pres5t occasion1 !y are divid$1--! ,lat9 & ! ,e?iopic recogniz+ ! clause1 ! ,syriac & ! ,egyptian disall[+ x1--an imp>tial /ud5t w eag]ly inquire ) "o ( old "t1--8,is !re n "h a prophet ( ! ,"l besides1 t we might inquire ( him80 ,he w wi% to he> :at ! old ,fa!rs h to say on ?is subject4 ,i take ! lib]ty ( add+ t :5 he has once p]ceiv$ t ! text employ$ by ,orig5 corresponds usually to a surpris+ ext5t ) ! text repres5t$ by ,codex ,b & "s ( ! ,old ,lat9 ,v]sions1 he w le>n to lay less /ress on e fre% in/ance ( su* correspond5ce4 ,he w desid]ate great] v>iety ( te/imony1--! utmo/ v>iety :i* is atta9able4 ,! v]dict ( v>i\s o!r ,fa!rs on ?is passage supplies :at is want$7#dg74 ,speak+ g5]ally1 ! cons5ti5t te/imony ( two1 f\r1 six1 or m witnesses1 com+ to u f widely sund]$ regions is weighti] by f> ?an ! same numb] ( witnesses proce$+ f "o & ! same locality1 betwe5 :om !re probably exi/s "s sort ( sympa?y1 & possibly "s degree ( collusion4 ,?us :5 x is f\nd t ! scribe ( ,b wrote 8six conjugate leaves ( ,cod4 7#dh710 x is impossible to reg>d _! unit$ te/imony 9 ! same light z we %\ld h done1 if "o _h be5 produc$ 9 ,pale/9e & ! o!r at ,con/ant9ople4 ,s also ( primitive ,patri/ic te/imony4 ,! comb9$ te/imony ( ,cyril1 patri>* ( ,alex&ria2--,isidore ( ,pelusium1 a city at ! m\? ( ! ,nile2--& ,nonnus ( ,panopolis 9 ! ,!baid1 is n ne>ly s weighty z ! te/imony ( "o ( ! same ?ree writ]s 9 conjunction ) ,ir5aeus1 ,bi%op ( ,lyons 9 ,gaul1 & ) ,*ryso/om :o pass$ ! great] "p ( 8 life at ,antio*4 ,! same rem>k holds true ( ,v]sions4 ,?us1 ! two ,egyptian ,v]sions :5 !y conspire 9 witness+ to ! same s+ul> read+ are entitl$ to f> less att5tion ?an "o ( ^? same ,v]sions 9 comb9ation ) ! ,syriac1 or ) ! ,lat91 or ) ! ,go?ic4 #d4 ,weight1 or ,respectability4 ,we mu/ reque/ our read]s to obs]ve1 t ! t]m 8weight0 may be tak5 z reg>ds ,textual ,evid5ce 9 two s5ses1 ! "o g5]al & ! o!r special4 ,9 ! g5]al s5se1 ,weight includes all ! notes ( tru?1--x may relate to ! entire mass ( evid5ce2--or else x may be employ$ z conc]n+ ! value ( an individual manuscript1 or a s+le ,v]sion1 or a sep>ate ,fa!r4 ,antiquity conf]s "s am\nt ( ,weight3 s does ,numb]3 & s does ,v>iety also1 z well z ea* ( ! o!r notes ( tru?4 ,?is di/9ction ought n to be all[$ to g out ( sight 9 ! discussion :i* is n[ ab\t to occupy our att5tion4 ,we proce$ !n to consid] ,weight 9 ! special s5se & z atta*$ to s+le ,witnesses4 ,und5iable z x is1 7a7 t anci5t docum5ts d n admit ( be+ plac$ 9 scales & weigh$2 & 7b7 t if !y did1 ! man does n exi/ :o is capable ( conduct+ ! op]ation1--!re are yet1 happily1 pr9ciples ( s\nd reason1--consid]ations bas$ on ! common s5se ( mank9d1 le>n$ & unle>n$ alike1--by ! aid ( :i* some?+ may be effect$ :i* is /rictly analog\s to ! process ( weigh+ solid bodies 9 an ord9>y pair ( scales4 ,i proce$ to expla94 #a4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! witnesses 9 fav\r ( any giv5 read+ %\ld be respectable4 8,respectability0 is ( c\rse a relative t]m2 b its use & applicability 9 ?is dep>tm5t ( ,sci5ce w be g5]ally und]/ood & admitt$ by s*ol>s1 al?\gh !y may n be altoge!r agre$ z to ! classification ( _! au?orities4 ,"s critics w claim1 n respectability only1 b absolute & oracul> au?ority = a c]ta9 set ( anci5t witnesses1--:i* o!rs w hold 9 suspicion4 ,x is cle> h[ev] t respectability _c by itself conf] pre-em95ce1 mu* less ! privilege ( oracul> decision4 ,we li/5 to any "o ^: "* has won our respect3 b dogmatism z to ?+s outside ( actual exp]i5ce or ma!matical calculation is ! pr]ogative only ( ,revelation or inspir$ utt]ance2 & if assum$ by m5 :o h no au?ority to dogmatize1 is only accept$ by weak m9ds :o f9d a relief :5 !y are able 8jur>e 9 v]ba magi/ri40 8,to swe> :ate'er ! ma/] says is true40 ,& if on ! contr>y c]ta9 witnesses are f\nd to range !mselves cont9ually on ! side :i* is condemn$ by a l>ge majority ( o!rs exhibit+ o!r notes ( tru? entitl+ !m to cr$5ce1 ^? few witnesses mu/ inevitably lose 9 respectability accord+ to ! ext5t & frequ5cy ( su* ecc5tric action4 #b4 ,if "o ,codex 7z7 is demon/rably ! m]e transcript ( ano!r ,codex 7f71 ^! may no long] be reckon$ z two ,codexes1 b z "o ,codex4 ,x is h>d !re=e to und]/& h[ ,tis*5dorf con/antly adduces ! evid5ce ( 8,e ( ,paul0 al?\gh he 0 p]fectly well aw>e t ,e is 8a m]e transcript ( ! ,cod4 ,cl>omontanus7#di70 or ,d ( ,paul4 ,or aga91 h[ he quotes ! cursive ,evan4 #ajb2 because ! read+s ( t unkn[n sev5te5?-c5tury copy ( ! ,gospels are asc]ta9$ to h be5 d]iv$ f ,cod4 ,b itself7#ej74 #c4 ,by /rict p>ity ( reason+1 :5 once x has be5 asc]ta9$ t1 9 any p>ticul> in/ance1 ,patri/ic te/imony is n orig9al b d]iv$1 ea* successive reproduction ( ! evid5ce mu/ obvi\sly be held to add no?+ at all to ! weight ( ! orig9al /atem5t4 ,?us1 x us$ to be ! fa%ion to cite 79 pro( ( ! spuri\sness ( 8! la/ twelve v]ses0 ( ,/4 ,m>k's ,gospel7 ! au?ority ( 8,eusebius1 ,gregory ( ,nyssa1 ,victor ( ,antio*1 ,sev]us ( ,antio*1 ,j]ome7#ea710--to :i* 7 add$ 8,epiphanius & ,caes>ius7#eb710--8;,hesy*ius ( ,j]usalem & ,eu?ymius7#ec740 ,9 ?is enum]ation1 ! names ( ,gregory1 ,victor1 ,sev]us1 ,epiphanius & ,caes>ius 7 introduc$ 9 error4 ,!re rema9s ,eusebius1--^: exagg]ation 7a7 ,j]ome translates1 7b7 ,hesy*ius 7six? c5tury7 copies1 & 7c7 ,eu?ymius 7,a4,d4 #aaaf7 ref]s to7#ed7 & ,eusebius himself neutralizes7#ee74 ,! evid5ce !re=e 7su* z x is7 collapses hopelessly3 be+ r$ucible probably to a r&om /atem5t 9 ! lo/ treatise ( ,orig5 on ,/4 ,m>k7#ef71 :i* ,eusebius repudiates1 ev5 :ile 9 8 latitud9>ian way he reproduces x4 ,! weight ( su* te/imony is obvi\sly slight inde$4 #d4 ,aga91 if two1 ?ree1 or f\r ,codexes are discov]$ by reason ( ! peculi>ities ( text :i* !y exhibit to h be5 d]iv$1--nay1 confess$ly are d]iv$--f "o & ! same ar*etype1--^? two1 ?ree1 or f\r ,codexes may no long] be spok5 ( z if !y 7 s _m4 ,codexes ,b & 1 = example1 be+ c]ta9ly ! tw9 products ( a lo/ exempl>1 _c 9 fairness be reckon$ z #b4 ,:e!r _! comb9$ evid5ce is to be e/imat$ at #a4ge1 #a4ej1 or #a4be1 or z only #a4j1--let div9]s decide4 ,may ,i be all[$ to sugge/ t :5ev] !y agree 9 an extraord9>y read+ _! comb9$ evid5ce is to be reckon$ at ab\t #a4ej3 :5 9 an all b unique read+1 at #a4be3 :5 ! read+ !y conta9 is absolutely unique1 z :5 !y exhibit 9 ,/4 ,matt4 xvii4 #bb1 !y %\ld be reckon$ z a s+le ,codex8 ,nev]1 at all ev5ts1 c !y be jo9tly reckon$ z absolutely two4 ,i w\ld h !m cit$ z ,b-4 ,simil> consid]ations %\ld be atta*$ to ,f & ,g ( ,/4 ,paul1 z be+ 8indep5d5t transcripts ( ! same v5]able ar*etype7#eg710 & to ,evan4 #ac1 #fi1 #abd1 #cdf1 #eef1 #efa1 & p]haps #cdh1 #fbd1 #ghh7eh71 z be+ also ! repres5tatives ( only "o ant]ior manuscript ( unc]ta9 date4 #e4 ,x requires fur!r to be po9t$ out t :5 once a cle> note ( aff9ity has be5 asc]ta9$ to exi/ betwe5 a small set ( docum5ts1 _! exclusive jo9t cons5t is h5ce=w>d to be reg>d$ ) suspicion3 9 o!r words1 _! evid5tial ,weight becomes impair$4 ,= in/ance1 ! sympa?y betwe5 ,d & "s ,old ,lat9 copies is s m>k$1 s con/ant1 9 fact s extraord9>y1 t x becomes p]fectly evid5t t ,d1 ?\gh only ( ! six? c5tury1 mu/ repres5t a ,greek or ,lat9 ,codex ( ! inaccurate class :i* prevail$ 9 ! e>lie/ age ( all1 a class f :i* "s ( ! ,lat9 translations 7 made7#ei74 #f4 ,i suppose x may be laid d[n t an anci5t ,v]sion outweighs any s+le ,codex1 anci5t or mod]n1 :i* c be nam$3 ! reason be+1 t x is sc>cely cr$ible t a ,v]sion--! ,pe%itto1 = example1 an ,egyptian1 or ! ,go?ic--c h be5 execut$ f a s+le exempl>4 ,b inde$ t is n all4 ,! fir/ ( ! above-nam$ ,v]sions & "s ( ! ,lat9 are old]1--p]haps by two c5turies--?an ! olde/ kn[n copy4 ,f ?is x w appe> t if ! only witnesses producible = a c]ta9 read+ 7 ! ,old ,lat9 ,v]sions & ! ,syriac ,v]sion on ! "o h&1--,codd4 ,b- on ! o!r1--! unit$ te/imony ( ! fir/ two w\ld v l>gely ov]balance ! comb9$ te/imony ( ! la/4 ,if ,b or if /ood alone1 nei!r ( !m s+ly w\ld be any mat* = ei!r ! ,syriac or ! ,old ,lat9 ,v]sions1--/ill less = ! two comb9$4 #g4 ,! cog5cy ( ! consid]ations involv$ 9 ! la/ p>agraph becomes ev5 m app>5t :5 ,patri/ic te/imony has to be consid]$4 ,x has be5 po9t$ out else:]e7#fj7 t1 9 & by itself1 ! te/imony ( any fir/-rate ,fa!r1 :]e x c be _h1 mu/ be held to outweigh ! solit>y te/imony ( any s+le ,codex :i* c be nam$4 ,! circum/ance requires to be aga9 insi/$ on "h4 ,h[ to repres5t ! am\nt ( ?is prepond]ance by a =mula1 ,i "k n3 nor z ,i believe does any "o else "k4 ,b ! fact t x exi/s1 rema9s1 & is 9 tru? und5iable4 ,= in/ance1 ! orig9 & hi/ory ( ,codexes ,,ab,c is :olly unkn[n3 _! dates & ! places ( _! sev]al production are matt]s ( conjecture only4 ,b :5 we are li/5+ to ! articulate utt]ance ( any ( ! anci5t ,fa!rs1 we n only "k ) m or less ( precision ! actual date ( ! te/imony be=e u1 b we ev5 "k ! v diocese ( ,*ri/5dom 9 :i* we are /&+4 ,to su* a depon5t we c assign a def9ite am\nt ( cr$ibility1 :]eas 9 ! e/imate ( ! =m] class ( evid5ce we h only inf]5ces to guide u4 ,individually1 !re=e1 a ,fa!r's evid5ce1 :]e x c be c]ta9ly obta9$--caet]is p>ibus1 is consid]ably great] ?an t ( any s+le kn[n ,codex4 ,collectively1 h[ev]1 ! ,copies1 )\t "q1 outweigh ei!r ! ,v]sions by !mselves1 or ! ,fa!rs by !mselves4 ,i h met--v r>ely ,i confess--b ,i h met ) cases :]e ! ,v]sions1 z a body1 7 oppos$ 9 _! te/imony to ! comb9$ witness ( ,copies & ,fa!rs4 ,also1 b v r>ely1 ,i h kn[n ! ,fa!rs1 z a body1 oppos$ to ! evid5ce ( ,copies & ,v]sions4 ,b ,i h nev] kn[n a case :]e ! ,copies /ood alone--) ! ,v]sions & ! ,fa!rs unit$ aga9/ !m4 ,i consid] t su* illu/ri\s ,fa!rs z ,ir5aeus & ,hippolytus1--,a?anasius & ,didymus1--,epiphanius & ,basil1--! two ,gregories & ,*ryso/om1--,cyril & ,!odoret1 among ! ,greeks1--,t]tullian & ,cyprian1--,hil>y & ,ambrose1--,j]ome & ,augu/9e1 among ! ,lat9s1--are m respectable witnesses by f> ?an ! same numb] ( ,greek or ,lat9 ,codexes4 ,orig51 ,clem5s ,alex&r9us1 & ,eusebius1 ?\gh fir/-rate ,au?ors1 7 s mu* addict$ to ,textual ,criticism !mselves1 or else employ$ su* inconsi/5t copies1--t _! te/imony is t ( indiff]5t witnesses or bad judges4 ,z to ! ,weight :i* belongs to sep>ate ,copies1 t mu/ be det]m9$ ma9ly by wat*+ _! evid5ce4 ,if !y g wrong cont9ually1 _! "* mu/ be l[4 ,!y are gov]n$ 9 ?is respect by ! rules :i* hold good 9 life4 ,we %all treat aft]w>ds ( ! "* ( ,codex ,d1 ( 1 & ( ,b4 #e4 ,cont9uity4 ,9 propos+ ,cont9u\s ,exi/5ce z ano!r note ( a g5u9e read+1 ,i wi% to provide aga9/ ^? cases :]e ! ,evid5ce is n only anci5t1 b be+ d]iv$ f two diff]5t s\rces may seem to h a claim to v>iety also4 ,i am glad to h ! opportunity ?us e>ly ( po9t+ out t ! note ( v>iety may n fairly be claim$ = read+s :i* are n advocat$ by m ?an two di/9ct specim5s ( anci5t evid5ce4 ,b j n[ my actual bus9ess is to insi/ t "s sort ( ,cont9u\sness is requisite z well z ,antiquity1 ,numb]1 ,v>iety1 & ,weight4 ,we c ( c\rse only "k ! words ( ,holy ,scripture accord+ z !y h be5 h&$ d[n to u2 & 9 asc]ta9+ :at ^? words actually 71 we are driv5 p]=ce to ! ,tradition ( !m z x has desc5d$ to u ?r\gh ! ages ( ! ,*ur*4 ,b if t ,tradition is brok5 9 ! process ( its desc5t1 x _c b be depriv$ ( mu* ( ! cr$it ) :i* x w\ld o!rwise appeal = acceptance4 ,a cle> gr\ndwork ( reasonabl5ess lay und]nea?1 & a di/9ct prov9ce 0 assign$1 :5 quod semp] 0 add$ to quod ubique et quod ab omnibus4 ,s !re is a ,ca?olicity ( "t1 z well z ( space & ( p3 & all mu/ be claim$ 9 ! asc]ta9m5t & support ( ,holy ,writ4 ,:5 !re=e a read+ is obs]v$ to leave traces ( its exi/5ce & ( its use all d[n ! ages1 x comes ) an au?ority ( a peculi>ly comm&+ nature4 ,& on ! contr>y1 :5 a *asm ( great] or less bread? ( ye>s yawns 9 ! va/ mass ( evid5ce :i* is ready = employm5t1 or :5 a tradition is f\nd to h di$ out1 ^u su* a fact alone suspicion or grave d\bt1 or rejection mu/ inevitably ensue4 ,/ill m1 :5 ^u ! admission ( ! ,advocates ( ! op9ions :i* we are oppos+ ! *asm is no long] re/rict$ b engulfs n less ?an fifte5 c5turies 9 its hungry abyss1 or else :5 ! transmission ceas$ aft] f\r c5turies1 x is evid5t t accord+ to an ess5tial ,note ( ,tru?1 ^? op9ions _c fail to be self-de/roy$ z well z to lab\r "u condemnation dur+ m ?an ?ree qu>t]s ( ! accompli%$ life ( ,*ri/5dom4 ,h[ ,*ur*m5 ( em95ce & ability1 :o 9 o!r respects hold ! tru?s involv$ 9 ,*ur*man%ip1 are able to ma9ta9 & propagate su* op9ions )\t surr5d]+ _! ,*ur*man%ip1 we are unable to expla94 ,we w\ld only hope & pray t !y may be l$ to see ! inconsi/5cies ( _! position4 ,& to o!rs :o d n accept ,*ur* doctr9e we w\ld urge t1 inasmu* z int]nal evid5ce is s unc]ta9 z (t5 to face bo? ways1 !y really _c re/ ^u any?+ else ?an cont9u\s tea*+ if !y w\ld m\nt above p]sonal lik+s & dislik+s to ! possession ( def9ite & unmi/akable support4 ,9 fact all traditional tea*+ :i* is n cont9u\s mu/ be l ! deta*$ pieces ( a disunit$ *a94 ,to put ! "q 9 ! mo/ mod]ate =m1 my mean+ is1 t al?\gh x is possible t no trace may be discov]able 9 any lat] docum5t ( :at is already atte/$ by docum5ts ( ! f\r? c5tury to be ! true read+ ( any giv5 place ( ,scripture1 yet x is a highly improbable circum/ance t ! evid5ce %\ld entirely disappe> at su* a v e>ly p]iod4 ,x is reasonable to expect t if a read+ advocat$ by ,codexes & ,b1 = in/ance1 & ! ,old ,lat9 ,v]sions1 besides "o or two ( ! ,fa!rs1 7 tru/wor?y1 !re ought to be f\nd at lea/ a fair proportion ( ! lat] ,uncial & ! ,cursive ,copies to reproduce x4 ,if1 on ! contr>y1 _m ( ! ,fa!rs knew no?+ at all ab\t ! matt]2 if ,j]ome rev]ses ! evid5ce borne by ! ,old ,lat92 if ! lat] ,uncials1 & if ! ma9 body ( ! ,cursives are sil5t also3--:at c be said b t x is altoge!r unreasonable to dem& acceptance = a read+ :i* comes to u ^u su* a v sl5d] claim to our confid5ce8 ,t is ! mo/ important inf]5ce3 & x is difficult to see h[ 9 ! nature ( ! case x c be got ov]4 ,b 9 o!r respects also3--:5 a small] break occurs 9 ! transmission1 ! evid5ce is proportionally injur$4 ,& ! rem>k mu/ be add$1 t 9 cases :]e !re is a transmission by sev]al l9es ( desc5t :i*1 hav+ 9 o!r respects traces ( indep5d5ce1 co9cide ^u a c]ta9 po9t1 x is b reasonable to conclude t ^? l9es enjoy1 p]haps1 a sil5t1 yet a p>allel & unbrok5 tradition all d[n ! ages till !y em]ge4 ,?is pr9ciple is (t5 illu/rat$ 9 ! indep5d5t yet cons5ti5t te/imony ( ! :ole body ( ! ,cursives & lat] ,uncials7#fa74 #f4 ,context4 ,a prevail+ fallacy ) "s critical writ]s on ! subject to :i* ! pres5t volume is devot$1 may be ?us describ$4 ,9 ! case ( a disput$ read+1 !y seem to ?9k t !y d en\gh if !y simply m>%al ! au?orities = & aga9/1 & deliv] an oracul> v]dict4 ,9 critical editions ( ! ,greek text1 su* a summ>y me?od is p]haps unavoidable4 ,b ,i take leave to po9t out t 9 ,sacr$ ,textual ,criticism !re are sev]al o!r consid]ations :i* absolutely require att5tion besides1 & t ^? consid]ations ought to f9d expression :]e ! space p]mits4 ,x is to "s ( ^! t ,i proce$ n[ to invite ! read]'s att5tion4 ,a ^w1--a phrase1--a clause1--or ev5 a s5t5ce or a p>agraph1--mu/ h "s relation to ! re/ ( ! entire passage :i* prec$es or comes aft] x4 ,!re=e x w (t5 be necess>y1 9 ord] to rea* all ! evid5ce t be>s ^u a disput$ "q1 to exam9e bo? ! mean+ & ! language ly+ on bo? sides ( ! po9t 9 dispute4 ,we d n at pres5t lay s mu* /ress ^u ! contextual mean+1 because p are g5]ally n unready to obs]ve x1 & x is (t5 op5 to mu* diff]5ce ( op9ion3--we refra9 especially1 because we f9d f exp]i5ce t !re is 9 ! case ( ! ,new ,te/am5t always en\gh ext]nal evid5ce ( ^: exi/5ce no d\bt c be ent]ta9$ to settle any textual "q t c arise4 ,nev]!less1 x may be z well to give a s+le in/ance4 ,9 #a ,cor4 xiii4 #e1 ,codex ,b & ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria read in/ead ( 1 i4e4 8*>ity seeke? n :at does n belong to h]10 in/ead ( 8seeke? n h] own40 ,t is to say1 we are invit$1 9 ! mid/ ( t magnific5t passage :i* is full ( l(ty pr9ciples1 to suppose t a gross violation ( ! eigh? comm&m5t is =bidd51 & to ins]t a commonplace repudiation ( gross di%one/y4 ,we are to s9k sudd5ly f a gr& atmosph]e d[n to a vulg> level4 ,9 fact1 ! light %$ on ! words 9 "q f ! context on ei!r side ( c\rse utt]ly excludes su* a supposition2 consequ5tly1 ! only result is t we are l$ to di/ru/ ! witnesses t h giv5 evid5ce :i* is s palpably absurd4 ,b z reg>ds ! precise =m ( language employ$1 x w be f\nd also a salut>y safegu>d aga9/ error 9 e in/ance1 to inspect ) sev]e critical exactness ! entire context ( ! passage 9 dispute4 ,if 9 c]ta9 ,codexes t context %all prove to be confess$ly 9 a v corrupt /ate1 !n x becomes ev5 self-evid5t t ^? ,codexes c only be admitt$ z witnesses ) consid]able suspicion & res]ve4 ,take z an illu/ration ( :at ,i h be5 say+ ! exce$+ly preci\s v]se1 8,h[beit1 ?is k9d goe? n out b by pray] & fa/+0 7,/4 ,matt4 xvii4 #ba71 :i* has met ) rejection by ! rec5t s*ool ( critics4 ,"h ! evid5ce aga9/ ! v]se is conf9$ to ,b & ! fir/ read+ ( among/ ! ,uncials1 ,evan4 #cc alone ( ! ,cursives1 e & ff#a ( ! ,old ,lat9 ,v]sions1 z well z ! ,curetonian & ! ,lewis1 ,j]usalem1 ,sahidic1 a few ,bohairic copies1 a few ,e?iopic1 & ! ,greek ( ,eusebius' ,canons3--evid5ce ( a slight & %ifty "*1 :5 contra/$ ) ! witness ( all ! o!r ,uncials & ,cursives1 ! re/ ( ! ,v]sions1 & m ?an ?irte5 ( ! ,fa!rs beg9n+ ) ,t]tullian & ,orig57#fb74 ,x is pla9 t ! /ress ( ! case = rejection1 s9ce be+ aft]w>ds correct$ speaks unc]ta9ly1 re/s su* z x is ^u ,b2 & t if ! evid5ce ( t ,,ms4 is f\nd to be unwor?y ( cr$it 9 ! :ole passage1 weak inde$ mu/ be ! cont5tion :i* consi/s ma9ly ( su* support4 ,n[ if we inspect vv4 #ai1 #bj1 #bb1 & #bc1 to g no f>!r1 we %all discov] t ! entire passage 9 ,b is wrapp$ 9 a fog ( error4 ,x diff]s f ! ma9 body ( ! witnesses 9 t5 places2 9 f\r ( :i* its evid5ce is reject$ by ,la*mann1 ,tis*5dorf1 ,tregelles1 ,we/cott & ,hort1 & ! ,revis]s7#fc72 9 two m by ! ,revis]s7#fd72 & ( ! rema9+ f\r1 x is support$ 9 two by only & sev]ally by "o or six ,cursives1 & 9 ! o!r two by only & ,d ) sev]ally f\r or five ,cursive copies7#fe74 ,inspection ( ! ,context !re=e adds "h /rong confirmation3--?\gh inde$ 9 ?is in/ance to h rec\rse to su* a weapon is to slay ! already sla94 ,/4 ,mat!w 7xi4 #b1 #c7 relates t ,john ,bapti/ 8hav+ he>d 9 ! prison ! works ( ,,*ri/1 s5t two ( 8 ,disciples0 7 7 ) ! inquiry1 8,art ,?\ ,he t %\ld come7#ff71 or are we to look = ano!r 7780 ,s all ! kn[n copies b n9e4 ,s ! ,vulgate1 ,bohairic1 ,e?iopic4 ,s ,orig54 ,s ,*ryso/om4 ,x is int]e/+ to note ) :at diff]5ces ( expression ,/4 ,luke reproduces ?is /atem5t4 ,hav+ expla9$ 9 v]4 #ah t x 0 ! ,=]unn]'s disciples :o br\ght him tid+s conc]n+ ,,*ri/1 ,/4 ,luke 7vii4 #ai7 adds t ,john 8call$ = c]ta9 two0 7 7 ( !m1 & 8s5t !m to ,,jesus03 ?us emphasiz+1 :ile he repeats1 ! record ( ! e>li] ,evangeli/4 ,inasmu* h[ev] z means1 9 /rictness1 8! o!r ( two10 9 ord] n to repeat himself1 he sub/itutes = x4 ,n[ all ?is is hopelessly obscur$ by ! olde/ among/ our manuscript au?orities4 ,x 9 no wise surprises u to f9d t has disappe>$ f ,d1 ! ,pe%itto1 ,lat91 ,bohairic1 ,go?ic1 & ,e?iopic4 ,! ^w has disappe>$ f our ,engli% v]sion also4 ,b x (f5ds u greatly to discov] t 7#a7 ,,blrx 7) ,cyril7 oblit]ate f ,/4 ,luke vii4 #ai1 & ?ru/ into its place1--z cle> an in/ance ( vici\s assimilation z c\ld any:]e be f\nd3 :ile 7#b7 = 79 ,/4 ,matt4 xi4 #c7 ,,bcdpz write 3 :i* is acquiesc$ 9 by ! ,pe%itto1 ,h>kleian1 ,go?ic & ,arm5ian ,v]sions4 ,! ,old ,lat9 ,v]sions prev>icate z usual3 two read1 mitt5s duos ex discipulis suis3 all ! re/1--mitt5s discipulos suos1--:i* is ! read+ ( ,cureton's ,syriac & ! ,dialogus 7p4 #hai71 b ( no kn[n ,greek ,,ms47#fg7 ,la/ly 7#c7 = 9 ,/4 ,luke1 ,,blr sub/itute 4 ,:at w\ld be ?\ght ( u if we 7 freely impos$ ^u by read+s s pla9ly corrupt z ^! ?ree8 ,b light is ?r[n ^u !m by ! context 9 ,/4 ,luke4 ,9 ! ?irte5 v]ses :i* imm$iately foll[1 ,tis*5dorf himself be+ ! judge1 ! text has exp]i5c$ depravation 9 at lea/ f\rte5 p>ticul>s7#fh74 ,) :at reason c ! same critic /raightway insi/ on o!r read+s :i* re/ exclusively ^u ! same au?orities :i* ! f\rte5 read+s j m5tion$ claim = _! support8 ,?is ,note ( ,tru? has = its f\ndation ! well-kn[n law t mi/akes h a t5d5cy to repeat !mselves 9 ! same or 9 o!r %apes4 ,! c>elessness1 or ! vitiat$ atmosph]e1 t leads a copyi/ to misrepres5t "o ^w is sure to lead him into error ab\t ano!r4 ,! ill-ord]$ assiduity :i* prompt$ "o bad correction mo/ probably did n re/ !re4 ,& ! errors committ$ by a witness j be=e or j aft] ! te/imony :i* is be+ sift$ 0 giv5 _c b be held to be closely g]mane to ! inquiry4 ,s too on ! o!r side4 ,cle>ness1 correctness1 self-collect$ness1 ne> to ! mom5t 9 "q1 add to ! au?ority ( ! evid5ce4 ,consequ5tly1 ! witness ( ! ,context _c b be held to be positively or negatively1 ?\gh p]haps m (t5 negatively ?an positively1 a v apposite ,note ( ,tru?4 #g4 ,int]nal ,evid5ce4 ,x w\ld be a s]i\s omission inde$ to close ?is enum]ation ( ,te/s ( ,tru? )\t adv]t+ to ^? ,int]nal ,consid]ations :i* w make !mselves he>d1 & are sometimes unansw]able4 ,?us ! read+ ( 7mascul9e or neut]7 :i* is f\nd 9 ,cod4 ,b 7,/4 ,luke xix4 #cg7 we reject at once because ( its grammatical impossibility z agree+ ) 7fem99e72 & t ( 7#b ,cor4 iii4 #c7 accord+ to ! witness ( ,a,,bcdeglp on ! score ( its utt] impossibility7#fi74 ,geographical reasons are suffici5tly /rong aga9/ read+ ) ,codd4 ,,ikn 9 ,/4 ,luke xxiv4 #ac 7i4e4 a hundr$ & ?reescore furlongs71 to make x ( no mann] ( importance t a few additional au?orities1 z ,orig51 ,eusebius1 & ,j]ome1 c be produc$ 9 support ( ! same manife/ly corrupt read+4 ,on gr\nds ( ord9>y reasonabl5ess we _c he> ( ! sun be+ eclips$ :5 ! moon 0 full1 or ( our ,"l be+ pi]c$ be=e dea?4 ,! tru? ( hi/ory1 o!rwise suffici5tly atte/$ bo? by ,/4 ,mat!w & ,josephus1 absolutely =bids 7,,bdl7 to be read = 7,/4 ,m>k vi4 #bb71 & 9 consequ5ce ! wret*$ daught] ( ,h]odias to be tak5 to h be5 ! daught] ( ,h]od4 ,9 ^! & su*-l in/ances1 ! ,int]nal reasons are pla9 & /rong4 ,b !re is a manife/ dang]1 :5 critics =sake ^? consid]ations :i* dep5d ^u cle> & def9ite po9ts1 & build _! own inv5tions & !ories into a sy/em ( /rict canons :i* !y apply 9 ! tee? ( manifold evid5ce t has really ev]y?+ to recomm5d x4 ,! ext5t to :i* "s critics are ready to g may be se5 9 ! mon/r\s ,canon propos$ by ,griesba*1 t :]e !re are m read+s ?an "o ( any place1 t read+ :i* fav\rs or?odoxy is an object ( suspicion7#gj74 ,!re is d\btless "s reason 9 ! ,canon :i* ass]ts t 8,! h>d] ! read+1 ! less likely x is to h be5 inv5t$1 & ! m likely x is to be g5u9e10 "u :i* 7,/4 ,luke vi4 #a7 mu/ receive additional ju/ification4 ,b p are ord9>ily s con/itut$1 t :5 !y h once con/ruct$ a sy/em ( ,canons !y place no limits to _! op]ation1 & become slaves to !m4 ,accord+ly1 ! true read+ ( passages mu/ be asc]ta9$1 ) v slight exception inde$1 f ! prepond]at+ weight ( ext]nal evid5ce1 judg$ accord+ to its antiquity1 to numb]1 v>iety1 relative value1 cont9u\sness1 & ) ! help ( ! context4 ,int]nal consid]ations1 unless 9 exceptional cases !y are f\nd 9 /rong opposition to evid5t error1 h only a subsidi>y =ce4 ,(t5 !y are ! product ( p]sonal bias1 or limit$ obs]vation3 & :]e "o s*ol> approves1 ano!r dogmatically condemns4 ,circum/antial evid5ce is des]v$ly rat$ l[ 9 ! c\rts ( ju/ice3 & lawy]s always produce witnesses :5 !y c4 ,! ,text ( ,holy ,scripture does n v>y ) ! wea!rcock accord+ to *ang+ w9ds ( individual or g5]al op9ion or caprice3 x is decid$ by ! ,tradition ( ! ,*ur* z te/ifi$ by eye-witnesses & writt5 9 black & :ite & gold 9 all c\ntries ( ,*ri/5dom1 & all d[n ! ages s9ce ! ,new ,te/am5t 0 compos$4 ,i desire to po9t out conc]n+ ! =ego+ sev5 ,notes ( ,tru? 9 ,textual ,evid5ce t ! /ud5t c nev] af=d entirely to lose sight ( any ( !m4 ,! reason is because al?\gh no d\bt x is conceivable t any "o ( ! sev5 might possibly 9 itself suffice to e/abli% almo/ any read+ :i* c be nam$1 practically ?is is nev] ! case4 ,& :y8 ,because we nev] meet ) any "o ( ^! ,te/s 9 ! fulle/ possible measure4 ,no ,te/ ev] atta9s to p]fection1 or inde$ c atta94 ,an approximation to ! ,te/ is all t c be expect$1 or ev5 desir$4 ,& sometimes we are oblig$ to put up ) a v slight approximation inde$4 ,_! /r5g? resides 9 _! co-op]ation4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,! ,,vatican ,,& ,,s9aitic ,,manuscripts4 #a4 ,no progress is possible 9 ! dep>tm5t ( 8,textual ,criticism0 until ! sup]/ition--= we are p]suad$ t x is no?+ less--:i* at pres5t prevails conc]n+ c]ta9 ( 8! old uncials0 7z !y are call$7 has be5 ab&on$4 ,by 8! old uncials0 are g5]ally meant1 #a ,! ,vatican ,codex 7,b71--& #b ! ,s9aitic ,codex 771--:i* by common cons5t are assign$ to ! f\r? c5tury3 #c ! ,alex&rian 7,a71 & #d ! ,cod4 ,ephraemi rescriptus 7,c71--:i* are giv5 to ! fif? c5tury3 & #e ! ,codex ,bezae 7,d71--:i* is claim$ = ! six? c5tury3 to :i* mu/ n[ be add$ #f ! ,codex ,b]at9us 771 at ! end ( ! fif?1 & #g ! ,codex ,rossan5sis 771 at ! beg9n+ ( ! six? c5tury4 ,five ( ^! sev5 ,codexes = "s unexpla9$ reason1 al?\gh ! late/ ( !m 7,d7 is sund]$ f ! great bulk ( ! copies1 uncial & cursive1 by ab\t z _m c5turies z ! e>lie/ ( !m 7,b7 are sund]$ f ! la/ ( _! gr\p1 h be5 inve/$ ) oracul> au?ority & are suppos$ to be ! vehicles ( imp]ial decrees4 ,x is pret5d$ t :at is f\nd 9 ei!r ,b or 9 or 9 ,d1 al?\gh unsupport$ by any o!r manuscript1 may reasonably be claim$ to exhibit ! tru? ( scripture1 9 defiance ( ! comb9$ evid5ce ( all o!r docum5ts to ! contr>y4 ,let a read+ be advocat$ by ,b & 9 conjunction1 & x is assum$ z a matt] ( c\rse t su* evid5ce mu/ ne$s outweigh ! comb9$ evid5ce ( all o!r ,,mss4 :i* c be nam$4 ,b :5 7z (t5 happ5s7 ?ree or f\r ( ^! 8old uncials0 are 9 accord1--especially if 7z is n unfrequ5tly ! case7 !y h ! support ( a s+le anci5t v]sion 7z ! ,bohairic71--or a solit>y e>ly ,fa!r 7z ,orig571 x seems to be deem$ axiomatic t su* evid5ce mu/ ne$s c>ry all be=e x7#ga74 ,i ma9ta9 ! contradictory proposition1 & am prep>$ to prove x4 ,i insi/ t read+s s support$ are cle>ly untru/wor?y & may be dismiss$ z c]ta9ly unau!ntic4 ,b let u 9 ?is *apt] seek to come to "s und]/&+ ) "o ano!r4 ,my me?od %all be to ask a pla9 "q :i* %all br+ ! matt] to a cle> issue4 ,i w !n 7#a7 inv5t ! be/ answ]s ,i am able to t "q3 & !n 7#b7 to ! be/ ( my ability--,i w dispose ( ^! answ]s "o by "o4 ,if ! read] 7#a7 is able to assign a bett] answ]1--or 7#b7 does n deem my refutation satisfactory1--he has b to call me publicly to acc\nt3 & by ! rejo9d] ,i %all publicly r5d] ei!r he1 or ,i1 mu/ be cont5t to /& publicly discr$it$4 ,if ,i knew ( a fair] way ( br++ ?is by no means recondite matt] to a def9ite issue1 ! read] may be well assur$ ,i %\ld n[ adopt x7#gb74--,my g5]al "q is1--,:y ?r\gh\t ! ,gospels are ,b & acc\nt$ s tru/wor?y1 t all b ! absolute disposal ( e disput$ "q ab\t ! ,text is held to dep5d ^u _! evid5ce8 ,& ,i beg9 by ask+ ( a suppos$ ,biblical ,/ud5t1--,:y ?r\gh\t ! ,gospels %\ld ,codex ,b & be deem$ m des]v+ ( our confid5ce ?an ! o!r ,codexes8 ,biblical ,/ud5t4 ,because !y are ! mo/ anci5t ( our ,codexes4 ,dean ,burgon4 ,?is answ] evid5tly seems to y to convey an axiomatic tru?3 b n to me4 ,i mu/ tr\ble y to expla9 to me :y 8! mo/ anci5t ( our ,codexes0 mu/ ne$s be ! pure/8 ,b4 ,s4 ,i h n said t !y 8mu/ ne$s be ! pure/03 & ,i reque/ y w n impute to me any?+ :i* ,i d n actually say4 ,! ,dean4 ,?ank y = a mo/ j repro(4 ,let u only proce$ 9 ! same _s to ! end1 & we %all arrive at important results4 ,k9dly expla9 y\rself !re=e 9 y\r own way4 ,b4 ,s4 ,i meant to say t because x is a reasonable presumption t ! olde/ ,codexes w prove ! pure/1 !re=e ,b--be+ ! olde/ ,codexes ( ! ,gospels--may reasonably be expect$ to be ! be/4 ,! ,dean4 ,s f> happily we are agre$4 ,y mean1 ,i presume1 t inasmu* z x is an admitt$ pr9ciple t ! /ream is pure/ at its s\rce1 ! antiquity ( ,b & creates a reasonable presumption 9 _! fav\r4 ,is t :at y mean8 ,b4 ,s4 ,some?+ ( ! k9d1 no d\bt4 ,y may g on4 ,! ,dean4 ,yes1 b x w\ld be a great satisfaction to me to "k = c]ta91 :e!r y actually d1 or actually d n mean :at ,i suppose3--viz41 to apply ! pr9ciple1 id v]um esse quod primum1 ,i take y to mean t 9 ,b & we h ! ne>e/ approa* to ! autographs ( ! ,evangeli/s1 & t !re=e 9 !m we h ! be/ evid5ce t is at pres5t )9 rea* ( :at ^? autographs actually 74 ,i w n[ g on z y bid me4 ,& ,i take leave to po9t out to y1 t x is high "t t we %\ld h ! facts ( ! case def9itely be=e u1 & t we %\ld keep !m /eadily 9 view ?r\gh\t our subsequ5t discussion4 ,n[ all critics are agre$1 t ,b & 7 n writt5 e>li] ?an ab\t #cdj1 or say be=e #ccj ,a4,d4 ,y w admit t1 ,i suppose8 ,b4 ,s4 ,i h no reason to d\bt x4 ,! ,dean4 ,!re 0 !re=e an int]val ( n f> %ort ( ?ree hundr$ ye>s betwe5 ! writ+ ( ! orig9al autographs & ! copy+ ( ! ,gospels 9 ,b & 7#gc74 ,^? two olde/ ,codexes1 or ! e>lie/ ( !m1 are ?us f\nd to be sep>at$ by ne>ly ?ree c5turies f ! orig9al writ+s1--or to speak m accurately1--by ab\t two c5turies & ?ree-qu>t]s f ?ree ( ! great autographs1 & by ab\t #bej ye>s f ! f\r?4 ,!re=e ^! ,,mss4 _c be said to be s closely connect$ ) ! orig9al autographs z to be entitl$ to decide ab\t disput$ passages :at !y 7 or 7 n4 ,corruption l>gely infect$ ! sev]al writ+s7#gd71 z ,i %all %ew at "s l5g? 9 "s subsequ5t *apt]s1 dur+ ! great int]val to :i* ,i h allud$4 ,b4 ,s4 ,b ,i am surpris$ to he> y say ?is4 ,y mu/ surely recollect t ,b & 7 d]iv$ f "o & ! same ar*etype1 & t t ar*etype 0 produc$ 89 ! e>ly "p ( ! second c5tury if n e>li]7#ge710 & 0 v close to ! autographs1 & t !y mu/ be accord+ly accurate transcripts ( ! autographs1 &-- ,! ,dean4 ,i mu/ really pray y to pause3--y h left facts f> beh9d1 & h m\nt$ into cl\dl&4 ,i mu/ beg y n to let slip f y\r m9d1 t we />t ) a fact1 s f> z x c be asc]ta9$1 viz4 ! production ( ,b & 1 ab\t ! middle ( ! f\r? c5tury4 ,y h advanc$ f t fact to :at is only a probable op9ion1 9 :i* h[ev] ,i am agre$ ) y1 viz4 t ,b & are d]iv$ f "o & ! same old] manuscript4 ,toge!r !re=e1 ,i pray y w n =get1 !y only c\nt ne>ly z "o4 ,b z to ! age ( t ar*etype--=give me = say+1 t--un9t5tionally no d\bt b none ! less really--y h tak5 a mo/ audaci\s leap4 ,may ,i ask1 h[ev]1 :e!r y c quote any anci5t au?ority = ! date :i* y h affix$8 ,b4 ,s4 ,i _c recollect "o at ! pres5t mom5t4 ,! ,dean4 ,no1 nor ,dr4 ,hort ei!r1--= ,i p]ceive t y adopt 8 speculation4 ,& ,i utt]ly d5y t !re is any probability at all = su* a sugge/ion3--nay1 ! *ances are greatly1 if n decisively1 aga9/ ! orig9al f :i* ! l9es ( ,b & div]g$1 be+ any?+ l s old z ! second c5tury4 ,^! ,,mss4 be> traces ( ! ,orig5i/ic s*ool1 z ,i %all aft]w>ds %ew7#gf74 ,!y h too mu* me?od 9 _! error = x to h aris5 9 ! e>lie/ age3 its sy/ematic "* proves x to h be5 ! gr[? ( "t4 ,!y ev9ce effects1 z ,i %all demon/rate 9 due c\rse1 ( h]etical tea*+1 ,lection>y practice1 & regul> edit+1 :i* no manuscript c\ld h contract$ 9 ! fir/ ages ( ! ,*ur*4 ,b4 ,s4 ,b surely ! diff]5ces betwe5 ,b & 1 :i* are _m1 prove t !y 7 n d]iv$ imm$iately f _! common ance/or1 b t "s g5]ations elaps$ betwe5 !m4 ,d y d5y t8 ,! ,dean4 ,i grant y entirely t !re are _m diff]5ces betwe5 !m1--s mu* ! worse = ! value ( _! evid5ce4 ,b y mu/ n suff] y\rself to be misl$ by ! figure ( g5ealogy ^u po9ts :]e x pres5ts no p>allel4 ,!re 7 9 manuscripts no p]iods ( infancy1 *ildhood1 & y\?1 :i* mu/ elapse be=e !y c\ld h a prog5y4 ,z soon z a manuscript 0 complet$1 & 0 exam9$ & pass$1 x c\ld be copi$3 & x c\ld be copi$1 n only once a ye>1 b z (t5 z copyi/s c\ld f9d "t to write & complete _! copies7#gg74 ,y mu/ take also ano!r circum/ance into consid]ation4 ,aft] ! de/ruction ( manuscripts 9 ! p]secution ( ,diocletian1 & :5 ! le>n$ 7 press+ f all qu>t]s into ! ,*ur*1 copies mu/ h be5 multipli$ ) great rapidity4 ,!re 0 all ! m room = c>elessness1 inaccuracy1 incompet5cy1 & caprici\s rec5sion4 ,sev]al g5]ations ( manuscripts might h be5 giv5 (f 9 two or ?ree ye>s4--,b inde$ all ?is idea ( fix+ ! date ( ! common ance/or ( ,b & is bas$ ^u pure speculation--,textual ,sci5ce _c re/ h] conclusions ^u f\ndations ( s& l t4 ,i mu/ br+ y back to ! ,rock3 ,i mu/ recall y to facts4 ,b & 7 produc$ 9 ! e>ly middle1 s to speak1 ( ! f\r? c5tury4 ,fur!r ?an ?is1 we _c g1 except to say--& ?is especially is ! po9t to :i* ,i mu/ n[ reque/ y\r att5tion1--t we are 9 ! possession ( evid5ce old] ?an !y are4 ,b4 ,s4 ,b y d n surely mean to tell me t o!r ,uncials h be5 discov]$ :i* are e>li] ?an ^!8 ,! ,dean4 ,no3 n yet3 ?\gh x is possible1 & p]haps probable1 t su* ,,mss4 may come to light1 n 9 vellum b 9 papyrus2 = z f> z we "k1 ,b & m>k ! em]g5ce into prom95ce ( ! 8,uncial0 class ( great manuscripts7#gh74 ,b ?\gh !re are 9 our h&s z yet no old] manuscripts1 yet we h 9 ! fir/ place v>i\s ,v]sions1 viz41 ! ,pe%itto ( ! second c5tury7#gi71 ! gr\p ( ,lat9 ,v]sions7#hj7 :i* beg9 f ab\t ! same "t1 ! ,bohairic & ! ,!baic ( ! ?ird c5tury1 n to speak ( ! ,go?ic :i* 0 ab\t contempor>y ) y\r fri5ds ! ,vatican & ,s9aitic ,,mss4 ,next1 !re are ! num]\s ,fa!rs :o quot$ passages 9 ! e>lie/ ages1 & ?us witness$ to ! ,,mss4 :i* !y us$4 ,to take an illu/ration1 ,i h cit$ ^u ! la/ twelve v]ses ( ,/4 ,m>k's ,gospel no less ?an twelve au?orities be=e ! end ( ! ?ird c5tury1 t is d[n to a date :i* is ne>ly half a c5tury be=e ,b & appe>$4 ,! g5]al mass ( quotations f\nd 9 ! books ( ! e>ly ,fa!rs witnesses to :at ,i say7#ha74 ,s t !re is absolutely no reason to place ^! two ,,mss4 ^u a p$e/al by !mselves on ! score ( supreme antiquity4 ,!y are eclips$ 9 ?is respect by _m o!r au?orities old] ?an !y are4 ,su*1 ,i mu/ beg y to obs]ve1 is ! v]dict1 n ( unc]ta9 speculation1 b ( /ubborn facts4 ,b4 ,s4 ,b if ,i am n p]mitt$ to plead ! highe/ antiquity on behalf ( ! evid5ce ( ! two olde/ ,uncials1-- ,! ,dean4 ,/op1 ,i pray y4 ,d n imag9e = a s+le in/ant t ,i wi% to prev5t y\r plead+ any?+ at all t y may fairly plead4 ,facts1 :i* refuse to be expla9$ out ( exi/5ce1 n myself1 b> y\r way4 ,=give me1 b y mu/ n run y\r head aga9/ a brick wall4 ,b4 ,s4 ,well !n7#hb71 ,i w meet y at once by ask+ a "q ( my own4 ,d y d5y t ,b & are ! mo/ preci\s monum5ts ( _! class 9 exi/5ce8 ,! ,dean4 ,s f> f d5y+1 ,i eag]ly ass]t t !y are4 ,7 !y (f]$ = sale to-morr[1 !y w\ld comm& a fabul\s sum4 ,!y might fet* p]haps #ajj1jjj4 ,= aught ,i "k or c>e !y may be wor? x4 ,m ?an "o cotton-sp9n] is wor?--or possibly sev]al times z mu*4 ,b4 ,s4 ,b ,i did n mean t4 ,i spoke ( _! importance z in/rum5ts ( criticism4 ,! ,dean4 ,aga9 we are happily agre$4 ,_! importance is unque/ionably fir/-rate4 ,b to come to ! po9t1 w y /ate pla9ly1 :e!r y mean to ass]t t _! text is 9 y\r judgem5t ( exceptional purity8 ,b4 ,s4 ,i d4 ,! ,dean4 ,at la/ !re we und]/& "o ano!r4 ,i on ! contr>y insi/1 & am prep>$ to prove1 t ! text ( ^! two ,codexes is v ne>ly ! f\le/ 9 exi/5ce4 ,on :at1 pray1 d y rely = y\r op9ion :i* proves to be diametrically ! rev]se ( m9e7#hc78 ,b4 ,s4 ,! be/ s*ol>s tell me t _! text1 & especially ! text ( ,b1 is ( a pur] "* ?an any o!r3 & inde$ ,i myself1 aft] read+ ,b 9 ,mai's edition1 ?9k t x des]ves ! high praise giv5 to x4 ,! ,dean4 ,my de> fri5d1 ,i see t y h be5 tak5 9 by ,mai's edition1 pr9t$ at ,leipzig1 & publi%$ 9 ,engl& by ,williams ,norgate & ,d4 ,nutt4 ,let me tell y t x is a mo/ faulty repres5tation ( ,b4 ,x mixes lat] h&s ) ! fir/ h&4 ,x ab\nds 9 mi/akes4 ,x ins]ts p]petually passages :i* are n[h]e f\nd 9 ! copy4 ,9 %ort1 p at ! "t fanci$ t 9 ! text ( ! my/]i\s manuscript 9 ! ,vatican !y w\ld f9d ! v]ba ipsissima ( ! ,gospels3 b :5 ,c>d9al ,mai 0 set to gratify !m1 he f\nd t ,b w\ld be unreadable unless x 7 edit$ ) a pl5tiful correction ( errors4 ,s ! _w !n receiv$ at lea/ two rec5sions ( ,b mix$ up 9 ?is edition1 :il/ ,b itself rema9$ beh9d4 ,! _w 0 g5]ally satisfi$1 & tak5 94 ,b ,i am sorry t y h %>$ 9 ! delusion4 ,b4 ,s4 ,well1 ( c\rse ,i may be wrong3 b surely y w respect ! op9ion ( ! great s*ol>s4 ,! ,dean4 ,( c\rse ,i respect deeply ! op9ion ( any great s*ol>s3 b be=e ,i adopt x1 ,i mu/ "k & approve ! gr\nds ( _! op9ion4 ,pray1 :at 9 ?is in/ance are !y8 ,b4 ,s4 ,!y say t ! text is bett] & pur] ?an any o!r4 ,! ,dean4 ,& ,i say t x is ne>ly ! mo/ corrupt kn[n4 ,if !y give no special gr\nds except ! fact t !y ?9k s1 x is a conflict ( op9ion4 ,!re is a balance betwe5 u4 ,b f ?is deadlock ,i proce$ to facts4 ,take = example1 z be=e1 ! la/ twelve v]ses ( ,/4 ,m>k4 ,on ! "o side are alleg$ ,b & 1--( :i* ,b by ! exhibition ( a blank space mutely confesses its omission1 & betrays t x is d\ble-m9d$7#hd72 "o ,old ,lat9 ,,ms4 7k71 two ,arm5ian ,,mss41 two ,e?iopic1 & an ,arabic ,lection>y2 an expression ( ,eusebius1 :o else:]e quotes ! passage1 :i* 0 copi$ by ,j]ome & ,sev]us ( ,antio*1 say+ t ! v]ses 7 omitt$ 9 "s copies4 ,l ( ! eigh? c5tury1 & a few ,cursives1 give a brief1 b impossible1 t]m9ation4 ,on ! o!r side ,i h ref]r$ to7#he7 six witnesses ( ! second c5tury1 six ( ! ?ird1 fifte5 ( ! f\r?1 n9e ( ! fif?1 eight ( ! six? & sev5?1 all ! o!r ,uncials1 & all ! o!r ,cursives1 includ+ ! univ]sal & immemorial ,liturgical use4 ,"h1 z y mu/ see1 ,b & 1 9 falt]+ tones1 & ) only an insignificant foll[+1 are met by an array ( au?orities1 :i* is triumphantly sup]ior1 n only 9 antiquity1 b also 9 numb]1 v>iety1 & cont9u\sness4 ,i claim also ! sup]iority z to context1 int]nal consid]ations1 & 9 weight too4 ,b4 ,s4 ,b surely weight is ! gr\nd ( cont5tion betwe5 u4 ,! ,dean4 ,c]ta9ly1 & !re=e ,i d n assume my claim till ,i sub/antiate x4 ,b be=e ,i g on to d s1 may ,i ask :e!r y c dispute ! fact ( ! f\r fir/ ,notes ( ,tru? be+ on my side8 ,b4 ,s4 ,no3 y are entitl$ to s mu* all[ance4 ,! ,dean4 ,t is a v c&id admission1 & j :at ,i expect$ f y4 ,n[ z to ,weight4 ,! passage j quot$ is only "o in/ance out ( _m4 ,m w ab\nd lat] on 9 ?is book3 & ev5 !n _m m mu/ ( necessity rema9 beh9d4 ,9 po9t ( h>d & unmi/akable fact1 !re is a cont9ual conflict go+ on all ?r\gh ! ,gospels betwe5 ,b & & a few adh]5ts ( !irs on ! "o side1 & ! bulk ( ! ,au?orities on ! o!r1 & ! nature & weight ( ^! two ,codexes may be inf]r$ f x4 ,!y w be f\nd to h be5 prov$ ov] & ov] aga9 to be bad witnesses1 :o 7 left to survive 9 _! h&some dresses :il/ att5tion 0 h>dly ev] accord$ to any s]vices ( !irs4 ,fifte5 c5turies1 9 :i* ! art ( copy+ ! ,bible 0 br\ght to p]fection1 & pr9t+ inv5t$1 h by unceas+ rejection ( _! claims scal$ = ev] ! condemnation ( _! "*1 & s detract$ f _! weight4 ,b4 ,s4 ,/ill1 :il/ ,i ackn[l$ge ! ju/ice ( mu* t y h said1 ,i _c q und]/& h[ ! text ( lat] copies c be really old] ?an ! text ( e>li] ones4 ,! ,dean4 ,y %\ld "k t su* a ?+ is q possible4 ,copies mu* m num]\s & mu* old] ?an ,b & live 9 _! surviv+ desc5dants4 ,! p$igree ( ! ,que5 is 9 no wise discr$it$ because ,william ! ,conqu]or is n alive4 ,b !n fur!r ?an ?is4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 ! text ( ,b & on ! "o side & t :i* is g5]ally repres5t$ by ,a & & on ! o!r is n ( a k9d dep5d+ ^u date1 b ^u rec5sion or dissem9ation ( read+s4 ,no amplification ( ,b & c\ld by any process ( natural developm5t h issu$ 9 ! la/ twelve v]ses ( ,/4 ,m>k4 ,b x 0 easy en\gh = ! scribe ( ,b n to write1 & ! scribe ( consci\sly7#hf7 & delib]ately to omit1 v]ses f\nd 9 ! copy be=e him1 if x 7 det]m9$ t !y %\ld sev]ally d s4 ,s ) respect to ! #b1eef omissions ( ,b4 ,! orig9al text c\ld )\t any difficulty h be5 spoilt by leav+ out ! words1 clauses1 & s5t5ces ?us omitt$3 b some?+ mu* m ?an ! %ort5$ text ( ,b 0 absolutely ess5tial = ! production ( ! long] manuscripts4 ,?is is an important po9t1 & ,i mu/ say some?+ m ^u x4 ,fir/ !n7#hg71 ,cod4 ,b is discov]$ n to conta9 9 ! ,gospels alone #bcg words1 #deb clauses1 #gdh :ole s5t5ces1 :i* ! lat] copies are obs]v$ to exhibit 9 ! same places & 9 ! same words4 ,by :at possible hypo!sis w su* a correspond5ce ( ! ,copies be acc\nt$ =1 if ^! words1 clauses1 & s5t5ces are inde$1 z is pret5d$1 no?+ else b spuri\s accretions to ! text8 ,secondly1 ! same ,codex ?r\gh\t ! ,gospels exhibits #cid times words 9 a c]ta9 ord]1 :i* h[ev] is n ! ord] advocat$ by ! great bulk ( ! ,copies4 ,9 consequ5ce ( :at subtle influ5ce w x be pret5d$1 t all ov] ! _w = a ?\s& ye>s ! scribes 7 univ]sally induc$ to deflect f ! au!ntic collocation ( ! same inspir$ words1 & always to deflect 9 precisely ! same way8 ,b ,cod4 ,b also conta9s #icg ,gospel words1 ( :i* by common cons5t ! great bulk ( ! ,cursive ,copies "k no?+4 ,w x be pret5d$ t 9 any "p ( ! ,*ur* = sev5 hundr$ ye>s copyi/s ( ,evangelia ent]$ into a gr& conspiracy to ?ru/ out ( e fre% copy ( ! ,gospel self-same words 9 ! self-same places7#hh78 ,y w see !re=e t ,b1 & s 1 s9ce ! same argum5ts conc]n "o z ! o!r1 mu/ h be5 d]iv$ f ! ,traditional ,text1 & n ! ,traditional ,text f ^? two ,codexes4 ,b4 ,s4 ,y =get t ,rec5sions 7 made at ,edessa or ,nisibis & ,antio* :i* issu$ 9 ! ,syrian ,texts1 & t t 0 ! mann] 9 :i* ! *ange :i* y f9d s difficult to und]/& 0 br\ght ab\t4 ,! ,dean4 ,excuse me1 ,i =get no su* ?+2 & = a v good reason1 because su* ,rec5sions nev] occurr$4 ,:y1 !re is n a trace ( !m 9 hi/ory3 x is a m]e dream ( ,dr4 ,hort3 !y mu/ be 8phantom rec5sions10 z ,dr4 ,scriv5] t]ms !m4 ,! ,*ur* ( ! "t 0 n s unconsci\s ( su* matt]s z ,dr4 ,hort imag9es4 ,suppos+ = a mom5t t su* ,rec5sions1 took place1 !y mu/ h be5 ei!r m]ely local occurr5ces1 9 :i* case aft] a controv]sy on :i* hi/ory is sil5t !y w\ld h be5 inevitably reject$ by ! o!r ,*ur*es 9 ,*ri/5dom2 or !y mu/ h be5 g5]al op]ations ( ! ,univ]sal ,*ur*1 & !n inasmu* z !y w\ld h be5 seal$ ) ! concurr5ce ( fifte5 c5turies1 ,i c h>dly conceive great] condemnations ( ,b & 4 ,besides1 h[ c\ld a text :i* has be5 9 fact ,univ]sal be 8,syrian08 ,we are on t]ra firma1 let me rem9d y1 n 9 ! cl\ds4 ,! undisput$ action ( fifte5 c5turies is n to be set aside by a nickname4 ,b4 ,s4 ,b !re is ano!r way ( describ+ ! process ( *ange :i* may h occurr$ 9 ! rev]se direction to t :i* y advocate4 ,expressions :i* _h be5 introduc$ 9 diff]5t gr\ps ( read+s 7 comb9$ by 8,conflation0 into a m diffuse & weak] passage4 ,?us 9 ,/4 ,m>k vi4 #cc1 ! two clauses 1 1 are made into "o conflate passage1 ( :i* ! la/ clause is 8otiose0 aft] occurr+ imm$iately be=e7#hi74 ,! ,dean4 ,excuse me1 b ,i entirely disagree ) y4 ,! :ole passage appe>s to me to sav\r ( ! simplicity ( e>ly n>ratives4 ,take = example ! well-kn[n words 9 ,g54 xii4 #e1 8& !y w5t =? to g into ! l& ( ,canaan2 & into ! l& ( ,canaan !y came7#ij740 ,a clumsy criticism1 b]eft ( any f9e appreciation ( times & habits unlike ! pres5t1 might ,i suppose attempt to remove ! latt] clause f t place z be+ 8otiose40 ,b besides1 y\r explanation entirely breaks d[n :5 x is appli$ to o!r in/ances4 ,h[ c\ld conflation1 or mixture1 acc\nt = occurr5ce ( ! la/ cry 9 ,/4 ,m>k xv4 #ci1 or ( vv4 #dc-dd 9 ,/4 ,luke xxii describ+ ! ,agony & ,bloody ,sweat1 or ( ! fir/ ,^w f ! ,cross 9 ,/4 ,luke xxiii4 #cd1 or ( ! desc5d+ angel & ! work+ ( ! cure 9 ,/4 ,john v4 #c-d1 or ( ,/4 ,pet]'s visit to ! sepul*re 9 ,/4 ,luke xxiv4 #ab1 or :at w\ld be ! foi/+ ( v]ses or passages ( diff]5t l5g?s into ! num]\s & simil> places t ,i might easily adduce8 ,if ^! 7 all transcrib$ f "s previ\s text into :i* !y _h be5 int]polat$1 !y w\ld only ?ru/ ! difficulty fur!r back4 ,h[ did !y come !re8 ,! clipp$ text ( ,b & --s to call x--c\ld n h be5 ! s\rce ( !m4 ,if !y 7 int]polat$ by scribes or revis]s1 ! int]polations are s good t1 at lea/ 9 _m cases1 !y mu/ h %>$ inspiration ) ! ,evangeli/s4 ,contra/1 = example1 ! real int]polations ( ,d & ! ,curetonian4 ,x is at ! lea/ demon/rat$ t t hypo!sis requires ano!r s\rce ( ! ,traditional ,text1 & ?is is ! argum5t n[ insi/$ on4 ,on ! contr>y1 if y w disc>d y\r rev]se process1 & = 8,conflation0 w sub/itute 8,omission0 ?r\gh c>elessness1 or ignorance ( ,greek1 or misplac$ assiduity1 or h]etical bias1 or ?r\gh "s ( ! o!r causes :i* ,i %all expla9 lat] on1 all w be z pla9 & easy z possible4 ,d y n see t8 ,no explanation c /& :i* does n acc\nt = all ! in/ances exi/+4 ,conflation or mixture is utt]ly incapable ( meet+ ! l>g] numb] ( cases4 ,b y w f9d be=e ?is treatise is end$ t v>i\s me?ods w be describ$ h]e9 ) c>e1 & trac$ 9 _! actual op]ation1 "u :i* debas$ texts ( v>i\s k9ds 7 produc$ f ! ,traditional ,text4 ,b4 ,s4 ,i see t !re is mu* probability 9 :at y say3 b ,i reta9 /ill "s l+]+ d\bt4 ,! ,dean4 ,t d\bt1 ,i ?9k1 w be remov$ by ! next po9t :i* ,i w n[ endeav\r to elucidate4 ,y mu/ "k t !re is no agreem5t among/ ! allies1 except s f> z ! d5ial ( tru? is conc]n$4 ,z soon z ! battle is ov]1 !y at once turn _! arms aga9/ "o ano!r4 ,n[ x is a ph5om5on full ( sugge/ion1 t su* a ,concordia discors is conspicu\s among/ ,b & & _! associates4 ,inde$ ^! two ,codexes are individually at v>iance ) !mselves1 s9ce ea* ( !m has und]gone lat] correction1 & 9 fact no less ?an elev5 h&s f fir/ to la/ h be5 at "w on 1 :i* has be5 correct$ & re-correct$ backw>ds & =w>ds l ! faulty docum5t t x is4 ,?is by ! way1 b z to ! cont9ual qu>rels ( ^! diss5ti5ts7#ia71 :i* are pat5t :5 an attempt is made to asc]ta9 h[ f> !y agree among/ !mselves1 ,i mu/ reque/ y\r att5tion to a few po9ts & passages7#ib74 #b4 ,/4 ,john v4 #d4 ,:5 x is abruptly /at$ t ,,bcd--f\r out ( 8! five old uncials0--omit f ! text ( ,/4 ,john's ,gospel ! acc\nt ( ! angel desc5d+ into ! pool & tr\bl+ ! wat]1--x is /raightway suppos$ t ! g5u95ess ( ,/4 ,john v4 #d mu/ be surr5d]$4 ,b ?is is n at all ! way to settle que/ions ( ?is k9d4 ,let ! witnesses be call$ 9 afre% & exam9$4 ,n[ ,i submit t s9ce ^! f\r witnesses omitt+ ,a1 7besides a multitude ( less] discrepancies17 are unable to agree among !mselves :e!r 8!re 0 at ,j]usalem a %eep-pool0 771 or 8a pool at ! %eep-gate03 :e!r x 0 8surnam$0 7,,bc71 or 8nam$0 7,d71 or nei!r 773--:i* appellation1 out ( ?irty :i* h be5 propos$ = ?is pool1 !y w adopt1--see+ t ,c is = 8,be!sda02 ,b = 8,be?saida02 = 8,be?za?a02 ,d = 8,belze?a03--:e!r or no ! cr[d 0 great1 ( :i* !y all "k no?+1--& :e!r "s 7 8p>alytics10--a fact :i* 0 evid5tly reveal$ only to ,d3--to say no?+ ( ! vag>ies ( con/ruction discov]able 9 v]ses #aa & #ab3--:51 y see1 at la/ ^! f\r witnesses conspire to suppress ! fact t an ,angel w5t d[n into ! pool to tr\ble ! wat]2--?is concord ( !irs d]ives sugge/ive illu/ration f _! conspicu\s discord4 ,s9ce1 ,i say1 !re is s mu* discrepancy h]eab\ts 9 ,b & & _! two associates on ?is occasion1 no?+ %ort ( unanimity 9 respect ( ! ?irty-two conte/$ words--five 9 v]se #c1 & tw5ty-sev5 9 v]se #d--w\ld free _! evid5ce f suspicion4 ,b "h we make ! notable discov]y t only ?ree ( !m omit all ! words 9 "q1 & t ! second ,corrector ( ,c replaces !m 9 t manuscript4 ,d reta9s ! fir/ five1 & surr5d]s ! la/ tw5ty-sev53 9 ?is /ep ,d is contradict$ by ano!r ( ! 8,old ,uncials10 ,a1 ^: fir/ read+ reta9s ! la/ tw5ty-sev51 & surr5d]s ! fir/ five4 ,ev5 _! satellite ,l =sakes !m1 except s f> z to foll[ ! fir/ h& ( ,a4 ,only five ,cursives h be5 l$ a/ray1 & !y exhibit /rik+ly ?is ,concordia discors4 ,"o 7#aeg7 foll[s ! extreme memb]s ( ! lov+ company ?r\gh\t4 ,two 7#ah1 #cad7 imitate ,a & ,l3 & two m 7#cc1 #acd7 h ! advantage ( ,d = _! lead]4 ,:5 witnesses prev>icate s hopelessly1 h[ f> c y believe !m8 ,n[--to turn = a mom5t to ! o!r side--?is is a matt] on :i* ! translations & su* ,fa!rs z quote ! passage are able to r5d] j z good evid5ce z ! ,greek copies3 & x is f\nd t ! ,pe%itto1 mo/ ( ! ,old ,lat91 z well z ! ,vulgate & ! ,j]usalem1 ) ,t]tullian1 ,ammonius1 ,hil>y1 ,ephraem ! ,syrian1 ,ambrose 7two71 ,didymus1 ,*ryso/om 7eight71 ,nilus 7f\r71 ,j]ome1 ,cyril ( ,alex&ria 7five71 ,augu/9e 7two71 & ,!odorus ,/udita1 besides ! re/ ( ! ,uncials7#ic71 & ! ,cursives7#id71 ) ! slight exception already m5tion$1 are oppos$ to ! ,old ,uncials7#ie74 ,let me next rem9d y ( a rem>kable in/ance ( ?is inconsi/5cy :i* ,i h already describ$ 9 my book on ,! ,revision ,revis$ 7pp4 #cd-cf74 8,! five ,old ,uncials0 7,,abcd7 falsify ! ,"l's ,pray] z giv5 by ,/4 ,luke 9 no less ?an =ty-five words4 ,b s little d !y agree among !mselves1 t !y ?r[ !mselves into six diff]5t comb9ations 9 _! dep>tures f ! ,traditional ,text2 & yet !y are nev] able to agree among !mselves z to "o s+le v>i\s read+3 :ile only once are m ?an two ( !m obs]v$ to /& toge!r1 & _! gr& po9t ( union is no less ?an an omission ( ! article4 ,su* is _! ecc5tric t5d5cy1 t 9 respect ( ?irty-two out ( ! :ole =ty-five words !y be> 9 turn solit>y evid5ce4 #c4 ,i %\ld we>y y1 my de> /ud5t1 if ,i 7 to take y ?r\gh all ! evid5ce :i* ,i c\ld amass ^u ?is disagreem5t ) "o ano!r1--?is ,concordia discors4 ,b ,i w\ld invite y\r att5tion = a mom5t to a few po9ts :i* be+ specim5s may indicate ! cont9u$ divisions ^u ,or?ography :i* subsi/ betwe5 ! ,old ,uncials & _! frequ5t errors4 ,& fir/7#if71 h[ d !y write ! 8,m>y's0 ( ! ,gospels1 ( :om 9 /rictness !re are b ?ree8 8,! ,"m ( ,,jesus7#ig710 z mo/ ( u are aw>e1 0 n 8,m>y0 77 at all2 b 8,m>iam0 771--a "n /rictly id5tical ) t ( ! si/] ( ,moses7#ih74 ,we call h] 8,m>y0 only because ! ,lat9s inv>iably write h] "n 8,m>ia40 ,s complete an oblit]ation ( ! di/9ction betwe5 ! "n ( ! bless$ ,virg9--& t ( 7#a7 h] si/]1 ,m>y ! wife ( ,clopas7#ii71 ( 7#b7 ,m>y ,magdal5e1 & ( 7#c7 ,m>y ! si/] ( ,laz>us1 may be deplor$1 b x is too late to rem$y ! mis*ief by full #ahjj ye>s4 ,! "q be=e u is n t2 b only--h[ f> ! di/9ction betwe5 8,m>iam0 & 8,m>ia0 has be5 ma9ta9$ by ! ,greek copies8 ,n[1 z = ! cursives1 ) ! memorable exception ( ,evann4 #a & #cc1--:i* latt]1 because x is disfigur$ by m s]i\s blund]s ?an any o!r copy writt5 9 ! cursive "*1 ,tregelles by a mauvaise plaisant]ie designates z 8! que5 ( ! cursives10--x may be said at once t !y are admirably fai?ful4 ,judg+ f ! practice ( fifty or sixty :i* h be5 m9utely exam9$ ) ?is view1 ! traces ( irregul>ity are s r>e t ! ph5om5on sc>cely des]ves notice4 ,n s ! old uncials4 ,cod4 ,b1 on ! fir/ occasion :]e a blund] is possible7#ajj7 7viz4 9 ,/4 ,matt4 i4 #bj71 exhibits in/ead ( 3--s does ,cod4 ,c 9 xiii4 #ee1--;,cod4 ,d 9 ,/4 ,luke i4 #cj1 #ci1 #ef3 ii4 #e1 #af1 #cd1--;,codd4 ,,cd 9 ,/4 ,luke by ,,bc1 9 ,/4 ,matt4 i4 #cd1 #ch1 #df1--;,codd4 ,b,d1 9 ii4 #ai4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! ,virg9's si/] 771 is twice writt5 3 viz4 by ,c1 9 ,/4 ,matt xxvii4 #ef2 & by 1 9 ,/4 ,john xix4 #be3--:ile ,m>y ,magdal5e is writt5 by 8! five old uncials0 no less ?an elev5 times3 viz4 by ,c1 9 ,/4 ,matt4 xxvii4 #ef1--;by 1 9 ,/4 ,luke xxiv4 #aj1 ,/4 ,john xix4 #be1 xx4 #aa1--;by ,a1 9 ,/4 ,luke viii4 #b1--;by ,a1 9 ,/4 ,john xx4 #a1--;by ,c1 9 ,/4 ,matt4 xxviii4 #a1--;by ,b1 9 ,/4 ,john xx4 #af & #ah1--;by ,,bc1 9 ,/4 ,m>k xv4 #dj1--;by ,,bc1 9 ,/4 ,matt4 xxvii4 #fa4 ,la/ly1 ,m>y 77 ! si/] ( ,laz>us1 is call$ by ,cod4 ,b 9 ,/4 ,luke x4 #db3 ,/4 ,john xi4 #b3 xii4 #c2--;by ,,bc1 9 ,/4 ,luke xi4 #cb2--;by ,c1 9 ,/4 ,luke x4 #ci4--;,i submit t su* specim5s ( lic5ti\sness or inatt5tion are little calculat$ to conciliate confid5ce 9 ,codd4 ,b,,cd4 ,x is f\nd t ,b goes wrong n9e times3 ,d1 t5 7exclusively 9 respect ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y73 ,c1 elev53 1 twelve4--,evan4 #cc goes wrong ?irte5 times3 #a1 n9ete5 times4--,a1 ! lea/ corrupt1 goes wrong only twice4 #d4 ,ano!r specim5 ( a blund] 9 ,codexes ,b,l#cc is af=d$ by _! h&l+ ( our ,,"l',s words1--8,?\ art ,simon ! son ( ,jona40 ,t ?is is ! true read+ ( ,/4 ,john i4 #dc is suffici5tly e/abli%$ by ! fact t x is ! read+ ( all ! ,codexes1 uncial & cursive alike1--except+ always ! f\r vici\s specim5s specifi$ above4 ,add to ! ma9 body ( ! ,codexes ! ,vulgate1 ,pe%itto & ,h>kleian ,syriac1 ! ,arm5ian1 ,e?iopic1 ,georgian1 & ,slavonic v]sions3--besides sev]al ( ! ,fa!rs1 su* z ,s]apion7#aja71--;,basil7#ajb71--;,epiph anius7#ajc71--;,*ryso/om7#ajd71--;,a/]iu s7#aje71--;& ano!r 7unkn[n7 writ] ( ! f\r? c5tury7#ajf73--) ,cyril7#ajg7 ( ! fif?1--& a body ( evid5ce has be5 adduc$1 :i* alike 9 respect ( its antiquity1 its numb]1 its v>iety1 & its respectability1 ca/s su* witnesses z ,b- entirely into ! %ade4 ,:5 x is fur!r rememb]$ t we h pres]v$ to u 9 ,/4 ,matt4 xvi4 #ag our ,savi\r's designation ( ,simon's patronymic 9 ! v]nacul> ( ,pale/9e1 8,simon ,b>-jona10 :i* no manuscript has v5tur$ to di/urb1 :at else b irrational is ! cont5tion ( ! mod]n ,s*ool t = 8,jona0 9 ,/4 ,john i4 #db1 we are to read 8,john08 ,! pla9 fact evid5tly is t "s second-c5tury critic suppos$ t 8,jonah0 & 8,john0 are id5tical3 & ( 8 weak imag9ation ! only surviv+ witnesses at ! end ( #agjj ye>s are ?ree uncials & "o cursive copy1--a few copies ( ! ,old ,lat9 7:i* fluctuate betwe5 8,johannis10 8,johanna10 & 8,johna071--! ,bohairic ,v]sion1 & ,nonnus4 ,& yet1 on ! /r5g? ( ?is sl5d] m9ority1 ! ,revis]s exhibit 9 _! text1 8,simon ! son ( ,john10--& 9 _! m>g9 volunte] ! in=mation t ! ,greek ^w is 8,joanes10--:i* is simply n ! fact3 be+ ! read+ ( no ,greek manuscript 9 ! _w except ,cod4 ,b7#ajh74 ,aga91 9 ! m>g9 ( ,/4 ,john i4 #bh we are in=m$ t in/ead ( ,be?any--! und\bt$ read+ ( ! place1--"s anci5t au?orities read 8,be?>abah40 ,:y1 !re is n a s+le anci5t ,codex1--n a s+le anci5t ,fa!r1--n a s+le anci5t ,v]sion1--:i* s reads ! place7#aji74 #e4 ,b4 ,s4 ,b7#aaj71 :ile ,i grant y t ?is g5]al disagreem5t betwe5 ,b & & ! o!r old ,uncials :i* = a "t jo9 9 _! diss5t f ! ,traditional ,text causes ! grave/ suspicion t !y are 9 error1 yet x appe>s to me t ^! po9ts ( or?ography are too small to be ( any real importance4 ,! ,dean4 ,if ! in/ances j giv5 7 only exceptions1 ,i %\ld agree ) y4 ,on ! contr>y1 !y indicate ! prevail+ "* ( ! ,,mss4 ,b & are cov]$ all ov] ) blots7#aaa71-- ev5 m s ?an ,b4 ,h[ !y c\ld ev] h ga9$ ! *>act]s :i* h be5 giv5 !m1 is pass+ /range4 ,b ev5 great s*ol>s are human1 & h _! prejudices & o!r weaknesses2 & _! disciples foll[ !m ev]y:]e z submissively z %eep4 ,to say no?+ ( _m great s*ol>s :o h nev] explor$ ?is field1 if m5 ( ord9>y acquirem5ts 9 s*ol>%ip w\ld only emancipate !mselves & judge ) _! own eyes1 !y w\ld soon see ! tru? ( :at ,i say4 ,b4 ,s4 ,i %\ld ass5t to all t y h told me1 if ,i c\ld only h be=e me a suffici5t numb] ( in/ances to =m a s\nd induction1 always provid$ t !y agree ) ^! :i* y h quot$4 ,^? :i* y h j giv5 are en\gh z specim5s3 b =give me :5 ,i say t1 z a ,biblical ,/ud5t1 ,i ?9k ,i ought to =m my op9ions ^u /rong1 deep1 & wide f\ndations ( facts4 ,! ,dean4 ,s f> f requir+ =giv5ess f me1 y des]ve all praise4 ,my lead+ pr9ciple is to build solely ^u facts1--^u real1 n fanci$ facts1--n ^u a few fav\rite facts1 b ^u all t are connect$ ) ! "q "u consid]ation4 ,& if x _h be5 p]mitt$ me to c>ry out 9 its integrity ! plan :i* ,i laid d[n = myself7#aab71--t h[ev] has be5 )held "u ! good ,provid5ce ( ,almighty ,,god4--,nev]!less ,i ?9k t y w discov] 9 ! sequel en\gh to ju/ify amply all ! words t ,i h us$4 ,y w1 ,i p]ceive1 agree ) me 9 ?is1--,t :i*ev] side ( ! cont5tion is ! mo/ compreh5sive1 & re/s ^u ! s\nde/ & wide/ induction ( facts1--t side1 & t side alone1 w /&4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,! ,,antiquity ,,( ,,! ,,traditional ,,text7#aac74 ,i4 ,,witness ,,( ,,! ,,e>ly ,,fa!rs4 #a4 ,involunt>y ,evid5ce ( ,dr4 ,hort4 ,our read]s w h obs]v$1 t ! *ief ob/acle 9 ! way ( an unprejudic$ & c&id exam9ation ( ! s\nd & compreh5sive sy/em con/ruct$ by ,dean ,burgon is f\nd 9 ! !ory ( ,dr4 ,hort4 ,( ! int]nal coh]5ce & ! s+ul> +5uity display$ 9 ,dr4 ,hort's treatise1 no "o c d\bt3 & ,i ha/5 to pay des]v$ & s9c]e respect to ! memory ( ! highly accompli%$ au?or ^: loss ! /ud5ts ( ,holy ,scripture are ev5 n[ deplor+4 ,x is to 8 argum5ts sift$ logically1 to ! judgem5t ex]cis$ by him ^u texts & read+s1 ^u manuscripts & v]sions & ,fa!rs1 & to 8 collisions ) ! record ( hi/ory1 t a high] duty ?an appreciation ( a ,!ologian h[ev] le>n$ & pi\s compels u to demur4 ,b no se>*+ exam9ation into ! sep>ate l9ks & details ( ! argum5t 9 ,dr4 ,hort's ,introduction to 8 ,edition ( ! ,new ,te/am5t w be essay$ n[4 ,su* a criticism has be5 already made by ,dean ,burgon 9 ! #cjf? numb] ( ! ,qu>t]ly ,review1 & has be5 republi%$ 9 ,! ,revision ,revis$7#aad74 ,! object "h pursu$ is only to remove ! difficulties :i* ,dr4 ,hort int]poses 9 ! developm5t ( our own treatise4 ,dr4 ,hort has done a valuable s]vice to ! cause ( ,textual ,criticism by supply+ ! rationale ( ! attitude ( ! ,s*ool ( ,la*mann4 ,we "k :at x really means1 & aga9/ :at pr9ciples we h to cont5d4 ,he has also display$ a contra/ & a backgr\nd to ! true !ory2 & has %ewn :]e ! draw+ & col\r+ are ei!r ill-made or are defective4 ,m ?an all1 he has virtually de/roy$ 8 own !ory4 ,! p>ts ( x to :i* ,i ref] are 9 sub/ance briefly ! foll[+3 8,! text f\nd 9 ! mass ( exi/+ ,,mss4 does n date fur!r back ?an ! middle ( ! f\r? c5tury4 ,be=e t text 0 made up1 o!r =ms ( text 7 9 vogue1 :i* may be t]m$ respectively ,neutral1 ,we/]n1 & ,alex&rian4 ,! text fir/ m5tion$ arose 9 ,syria & m p>ticul>ly at ,antio*4 ,orig9ally !re _h be5 9 ,syria an ,old-,syriac1 :i* aft] ,cureton is to be id5tifi$ ) ! ,curetonian4 ,9 ! ?ird c5tury1 ab\t #bej ,a4,d41 #8an au?oritative revision1 accept$ by ,syriac ,*ri/5dom1' 0 made1 ( :i* ! locality w\ld be ei!r ,edessa or ,nisibis1 or else ,antio* itself4 #8,?is revision 0 gr\nd$ probably ^u an au?oritative revision at ,antio*' 7p4 #acg7 ( ! ,greek texts :i* call$ = su* a rec5sion on acc\nt ( _! #8gr[+ div]sity & confusion4' ,besides ^! two1 a second revision ( ! ,greek texts1 or a ?ird c\nt+ ! ,syriac revision1 simil>ly au?oritative1 0 complet$ at ,antio* #8by #cej or !reab\ts'2 b :at 0 n[ #8! ,vulgate ,syriac' text1 t is ! ,pe%itto1 did n aga9 und]go any correspond+ revision4 ,f ! la/ ,greek revision issu$ a text :i* 0 aft]w>ds c>ri$ to ,con/ant9ople--#8,antio* be+ ! true ecclesia/ical p>5t ( ,con/ant9ople'--& !nce=w>d became ! ,text dom9ant 9 ,*ri/5dom till ! pres5t c5tury4 ,nev]!less1 x is n ! true ,text1 = t is ! #8,neutral' text1 & x may be call$ #8,syrian4' ,accord+ly1 9 inve/igations into ! "* & =m ( ! true ,text1 #8,syrian' read+s are to be #8reject$ at once1 z prov$ to h a relatively late orig94' 0 ,a few words w make x evid5t to unprejudic$ judges t ,dr4 ,hort has giv5 himself away 9 ?is "p ( 8 !ory4 #a4 ,! criticism ( ! ,canon & language ( ! ,books ( ! ,new ,te/am5t is b ! discov]y & ! application ( ! record ( ,te/imony borne 9 hi/ory to ^? books or to t language4 ,= a pro( ( ?is position z reg>ds ! ,canon1 x is suffici5t to ref] to ,bi%op ,we/cott's admirable discussion ^u ! ,canon ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,& z ) ! ,books g5]ally1 s ) ! details ( ^? ,books--_! p>agraphs1 _! s5t5ces1 _! clauses1 _! phrases1 & _! words4 ,to put ?is dictum into o!r t]ms3--,! ,*ur*1 all d[n ! ages1 s9ce ! issue ( ! orig9al autographs1 has left 9 ,copies or 9 ,v]sions or 9 ,fa!rs manifold witness to ! books compos$ & to ! words writt54 ,dr4 ,hort has _h ! unwisdom f 8 po9t ( view to pres5t u ) "s fifte5 c5turies1 &--,i mu/ 9 duty say x--! audacity to label ^? fifte5 c5turies ( ,*ur* ,life ) ! title 8,syrian10 :i* z us$ by him ,i w n *>act]ize1 = he has made x among/ 8 foll[]s a password to contemptu\s neglect4 ,yet ^? fifte5 c5turies involve ev]y?+4 ,!y comm5c$ :5 ! ,*ur* 0 free+ h]self f h]esy & =mulat+ h] ,fai?4 ,!y advanc$ amid/ ! mo/ s$ul\s c>e ( ,holy ,scripture4 ,!y impli$ a cons5ti5t record f ! fir/1 except :]e ignorance1 or inaccuracy1 or c>elessness1 or h]esy1 prevail$4 ,& 0 n ,dr4 ,hort aw>e1 & d n 8 adh]5ts at ! pres5t day "k1 t ,*ur* ,life means no?+ arbitr>y1 b all t is s\nde/ & wise/ & mo/ complete 9 evid5ce1 & mo/ l>ge-m9d$ 9 conclusions8 ,above all1 did he fancy1 & d 8 foll[]s imag9e1 t ! ,,holy ,,gho/ :o inspir$ ! ,new ,te/am5t c\ld h let ! true ,text ( x drop into obscurity dur+ fifte5 c5turies ( its life1 & t a deep & wide & full inve/igation 7:i* by _! premisses !y w n admit7 mu/ issue 9 ! pro( t "u ,8 c>e ! ,,^w ( ,,god has be5 pres]v$ all ?r\gh ! ages 9 due integrity8--,?is admission alone :5 /ripp$ ( its disguise1 is pla9ly fatal to ,dr4 ,hort's !ory4 #b4 ,aga91 9 ord] to prop up 8 cont5tion1 ,dr4 ,hort is oblig$ to conjure up ! %ad[s ( two or ?ree 8phantom revisions10 ( :i* no record$ evid5ce exi/s7#aae74 ,we mu/ nev] =get t subjective !ory or individual speculation are valueless1 :5 !y d n agree ) facts1 except z failures lead+ to "s bett] sy/em4 ,b ,dr4 ,hort1 z soon z he f\nd t he c\ld n ma9ta9 8 gr\nd ) hi/ory z x 01 in/ead ( tak+ back 8 !ory & alt]+ x to squ>e ) facts1 tamp]$ ) hi/orical facts 9 ord] to make !m agree ) 8 !ory4 ,?is is self-evid5t3 no "o has be5 able to adduce1 dur+ ! qu>t] ( a c5tury t has elaps$ s9ce ,dr4 ,hort publi%$ 8 book1 passages to %ew t ,dr4 ,hort 0 "r1 & t 8 suppos$ revisions really took place4 ,! acute calculations ( ,adams & ,lev]ri] w\ld h be5 v soon =gott51 if ,neptune _h n appe>$ to v9dicate _! correctness4 ,b ,i %all n leave matt]s "h1 ?\gh x is evid5t t ,dr4 ,hort is confut$ out ( 8 own m\?4 ,! fifte5 c5turies ( dom9ant evid5ce1 :i* he admits to h be5 on our side1 involve ! o!r c5turies t _h pass$ previ\sly1 because ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* ( ,*ri/ is ev] consi/5t ) itself1 & are ?us virtually decisive ( ! controv]sy2 besides ! collapse ( 8 !ory :5 sup]impos$ ^u ! facts ( hi/ory & f\nd n to co9cide ) !m4 ,i proce$ to prove f ! surviv+ records ( ! fir/ ?ree or f\r c5turies1 dur+ ! long p]iod t elaps$ betwe5 ! copy+ ( ! ,vatican & ,s9aitic ,,mss4 & ! days ( ! ,evangeli/s1 t ! evid5ce ( ,v]sions & ,fa!rs is on our side4 ,& fir/ ( ! ,fa!rs4 #b4 ,te/imony ( ! ,ante-,*ryso/om ,writ]s4 ,no "o1 ,i believe1 has till n[ made a sy/ematic exam9ation ( ! quotations occurr+ 9 ! writ+s ( ! ,fa!rs :o di$ be=e ,a4,d4 #djj & 9 public docum5ts writt5 prior to t date4 ,! consequ5ce is t _m /atem5ts h be5 promulgat$ respect+ !m :i* are inconsi/5t ) ! facts ( ! case4 ,dr4 ,hort1 z ,i %all %ew1 has (f5d$ m ?an once 9 ?is respect4 ,! invaluable ,indexes drawn up by ,dean ,burgon & ^? :o assi/$ him1 :i* are ( ! utmo/ avail 9 any exhau/ive exam9ation ( ,patri/ic evid5ce ^u any giv5 text1 are 9 ?is respect ( little use1 ! "q "h be+1 ,:at is ! te/imony ( all ! ,fa!rs 9 ! fir/ f\r c5turies1 & ( e sep>ate ,fa!r1 z to ! ,,mss4 us$ by !m or him1 ^u ! controv]sy wag$ betwe5 ! ma9ta9]s ( ! ,traditional ,text on ! "o side1 & on ! o!r ! def5d]s ( ! ,neologian ,texts8 ,! gr\ndwork ( su* an exam9ation evid5tly lies n 9 sep>ate passages ( ! ,gospels1 b 9 ! s]ies ( quotations f !m f\nd 9 ! works ( ! collective or individual ,fa!rs ( ! p]iod "u consid]ation4 ,i mu/ "h gu>d myself4 ,9 ord] to exam9e ! text ( any sep>ate passage1 ! treatm5t mu/ be exhau/ive1 & no evid5ce if possible %\ld be left out4 ,! pres5t "q is ( a diff]5t k9d4 ,dr4 ,hort /ates t ! ,traditional ,text1 or z he calls x 8! ,syrian10 does n g back to ! e>lie/ times1 t is z he says1 n be=e ! middle ( ! f\r? c5tury4 ,9 prov+ my position t x c be trac$ to ! v fir/1 x w\ld be amply suffici5t if ,i c\ld %ew t ! evid5ce is half on our side & half on ! o!r4 ,x is really f\nd to be mu* m fav\rable to u4 ,we fully admit t corruption prevail$ f ! v fir/7#aaf73 & s1 we d n dem& z mu* z our adv]s>ies require = _! ju/ification4 ,at all ev5ts ! "q is ( a g5]al "*1 & does n dep5d ^u a little m evid5ce or a little less4 ,& ! argum5t is second>y 9 its nature3 x relates to ! pr9ciples ( ! evid5ce1 n directly to ! e/abli%m5t ( any p>ticul> read+4 ,x ne$ n fail !re=e if x is n entirely exhau/ive1 provid$ t x gives a j & fair repres5tation ( ! :ole case4 ,nev]!less1 ,i h endeav\r$ to make x exhau/ive z f> z my p[] w\ld admit1 hav+ gone ov] ! :ole field a second "t1 & hav+ employ$ all ! c>e 9 ei!r scrut9y t ,i c\ld comm&4 ,! way 9 :i* my inve/igation has be5 accompli%$ is z foll[s3--,a /&>d ( ref]5ce be+ absolutely necess>y1 ,i h kept be=e me a copy ( ,dr4 ,scriv5]'s ,cambridge ,greek ,te/am5t1 ,a4,d4 #ahhg1 9 :i* ! disput$ passages are pr9t$ 9 black type1 al?\gh ! ,text !re pres5t$ is ! ,textus ,receptus f :i* ! ,traditional ,text z revis$ by ,dean ,burgon & h]eaft] to be publi%$ diff]s 9 _m passages4 ,x foll[s !re=e t ^u "s ( ^! ! record1 ?\gh n unfav\rable to u1 has _m times be5 includ$ 9 our oppon5ts' column4 ,i h us$ copies ( ! ,fa!rs 9 :i* ! quotations 7 m>k$1 *iefly ^? 9 ,migne's ,s]ies1 ?\gh ,i h also employ$ o!r editions :]e ,i c\ld f9d any ( sup]ior excell5ce z well z ,migne4 ,ea* passage ) its special read+ 0 ent]$ d[n 9 my note-book ^u "o column or ! o!r4 ,successive citations ?us fell on ei!r side :5 !y witness$ ^u ! disput$ po9ts s pres5t$4 ,b all d\btful quotations 7"u :i* head 7 includ$ all t 7 n absolutely cle>7 7 disc>d$ z untru/wor?y witnesses 9 ! comp>ison t 0 be+ made2 & all in/ances too ( m]e spell+1 because ^! latt] might h be5 introduc$ into ! text by copyi/s or editors ?r\gh an adaptation to suppos$ or?ography 9 ! lat] ages :5 ! text ( ! ,fa!r 9 "q 0 copi$ or pr9t$4 ,! fact also t deflections f ! text m easily cat* ! eye ?an undeviat+ rejection ( deflections 0 greatly to ! advantage ( ! opposite side4 ,& la/ly1 :]e any d\bt arose ,i g5]ally decid$ que/ions aga9/ my own cont5tion1 & h omitt$ to record _m small] in/ances fav\rable to u :i* ,i %\ld h ent]$ 9 ! o!r column4 ,f v>i\s reasons ! l>ge majority ( passages prov$ to be irrelevant to ?is inquiry1 because no v>iation ( read+ occurr$ 9 !m1 or none :i* has be5 adopt$ by mod]n editors4 ,su* 7 fav\rite passages quot$ aga9 & aga9 z ! two fir/ v]ses ( ,/4 ,john's ,gospel1 8,i & ,my ,fa!r are "o10 8,i am ! way1 ! tru?1 & ! life10 8,no man kn[e? ! ,fa!r b ! ,son10 & _m o!rs4 ,9 ,lat9 books1 m quotations _h to be reject$ ?an 9 ,greek1 because ! v]dict ( a v]sion _c be s close z ! witness ( ! orig9al language4 ,an objection may p]haps be made1 t ! texts ( ! books ( ! ,fa!rs are sure to h be5 alt]$ 9 ord] to co9cide m accurately ) ! ,receiv$ ,text4 ,?is is true ( ! ,e?ica1 or ,moralia1 ( ,basil1 & ( ! ,regulae brevius ,tractatae1 :i* seem to h be5 read con/antly at meals1 or 7 o!rwise 9 cont9ual use 9 ,religi\s ,h\ses4 ,! monks ( a lat] age w\ld n be cont5t to he> e day famili> passages ( ,holy ,scripture c\*$ 9 o!r t]ms ?an ^? to :i* !y 7 accu/om$1 & :i* !y reg>d$ z correct4 ,?is fact 0 p]fectly evid5t ^u exam9ation1 because ^! treatises 7 f\nd to give evid5ce = ! ,textus ,receptus 9 ! proportion ( ab\t #f3a1 :]eas ! o!r books ( ,/4 ,basil yield$ accord+ to a ratio ( ab\t #h3c4 ,= ! same reason ,i h n includ$ ,m>cion's edition ( ,/4 ,luke's ,gospel1 or ,tatian's ,diatess>on1 9 ! li/ ( books & au?ors1 because su* repres5tations ( ! ,gospels hav+ be5 9 public use 7 sure to h be5 revis$ f "t to "t1 9 ord] to accord ) ! judgem5t ( ^? :o read or he>d !m4 ,our read]s w obs]ve t ^! 7 self-d5y+ ord9ances1 because by ! inclusion ( ! works m5tion$ ! li/ on ! ,traditional side w\ld h be5 greatly increas$4 ,yet our f\ndations h be5 /r5g!n$1 & really ! position ( ! ,traditional ,text re/s s firmly ^u :at is und\bt$1 t x c af=d to disp5se ) s]vices :i* may be op5 to "s suspicion7#aag74 ,& ! natural inf]5ce rema9s1 t ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! witness ( ! ,e?ica & ! ,regulae brevius ,tractatae on ! "o h&1 & t ( ! o!r works ( ,basil on ! o!r1 sugge/s t too mu* v>iation1 & too mu* :i* is evid5tly *>act]i/ic v>iation1 ( read+s meets u 9 ! works ( ! sev]al ,fa!rs1 = ! exi/5ce ( any d\bt t 9 mo/ cases we h ! words1 ?\gh p]haps n ! spell+1 z !y issu$ orig9ally f ! au?or's p57#aah74 ,v>iant read+s ( quotations occurr+ 9 diff]5t editions ( ! ,fa!rs are f\nd1 accord+ to my exp]i5ce1 mu* less frequ5tly ?an might h be5 suppos$4 ,:]e ,i saw a diff]5ce betwe5 ,,mss4 not$ 9 ! ,b5$ict9e or o!r editions or 9 copies f ! ,b5$ict9e or o!r pr9ts1 ( c\rse ,i reg>d$ ! passage z d\btful & did n ent] x4 ,acqua9tance ) ?is k9d ( te/imony _c b r5d] its g5]al tru/wor?9ess ! m evid5t4 ,! habit ( quotation ( au?orities f ! ,fa!rs by ,tis*5dorf & all ,textual ,critics %ews t !y h always be5 tak5 to be 9 ! ma9 tru/wor?y4 ,x is 9 ord] t we may be on sure gr\nd t ,i h reject$ _m passages on bo? sides1 & a l>g] numb] ( cases ( petti] te/imony on ! ,traditional side4 ,9 ! exam9ation ( ! ,greek ,fa!rs1 ,lat9 ,translations h g5]ally be5 neglect$ 7except 9 ! case ( ,/4 ,ir5aeus7#aai771 because ! witness ( a v]sion is secondh&1 & ,lat9 translators (t5 employ$ a r5d]+ ) :i* !y 7 famili> 9 repres5t+ 9 ,lat9 passages cit$ f ! ,gospels 9 ,greek4 ,& 9 ! case ev5 ( ,orig5 & especially ( ! lat] ,fa!rs be=e ,a4,d4 #djj1 x is n c]ta9 :e!r ! translation1 su* z t ( ,ruf9us1 comes )9 ! limit ( "t prescrib$4 ,! evid5ce ( ! ,fa!r z to :e!r he us$ a ,text or ,texts ( "o class or ano!r is ( c\rse mu* bett] exhibit$ 9 8 own ,greek writ+1 ?an :]e "s "o else has translat$ 8 words into ,lat94 ,accord+ly1 9 ! case ( ! ,lat9 ,fa!rs1 only ! cle>e/ evid5ce has be5 admitt$4 ,"s passages adduc$ by ,tis*5dorf h be5 reject$1 & lat] exp]i5ce has conv9c$ me t su* rejections made 9 ! e>li] "p ( my "w 7 "r4 ,9 a second>y process l ?is1 if only ! cup 7 borne ev51 no h>m c\ld result1 & x is ( ! greate/ possible importance t ! f\ndation ( ! build+ %\ld be s\nd4 ,! g5]al results w appe> 9 ! annex$ ,table4 ,! inve/igation 0 conf9$ to ! ,gospels4 ,= want ( a bett] t]m1 ,i h uni=mly "h appli$ ! title 8,neologian0 to ! ,text oppos$ to ours4 ,fa!rs4 ,traditional ,neologian4 ,text4 ,patres ,apo/olici & ,dida* #aa #d ,epi/le to ,diognetus #a #j ,papias #a #j ,ju/9 ,m>tyr #ag #bj ,h]acleon #a #g ,gospel ( ,pet] #b #j ,s5iores apud ,ir5aeum #b #j ,a!nagoras #c #a ,ir5aeus 7,lat9 z well z ,greek7 #fc #da ,hegesippus #b #j ,!ophilus ,antio*5us #b #d ,te/am5t ( ,abraham #d #j ,epi/ola ,vi5n5sium et ,lugdun5sium #a #j ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria #hb #gb ,t]tullian #gd #fe ,clem5t9es #ah #g ,hippolytus #bf #aa ,callixtus 7,pope7 #a #j ,pontianus 7,pope7 #j #b ,orig5 #dfj #dia ,julius ,africanus #a #a ,gregory ,?aumaturgus #aa #c ,novatian #f #d ,cornelius 7,pope7 #d #a ,synodical ,lett] #a #b ,cyprian #ajj #if ,concilia ,c>?ag9i5sia #h #d ,dionysius ( ,alex&ria #ab #e ,synodus ,antio*5a #c #a ,acta ,pilati #e #a ,!ogno/us #j #a ,ar*elaus 7,manes7 #aa #b ,pamphilus #e #a ,me?odius #ad #h ,pet] ( ,alex&ria #g #h ,alex&] ,alex&r9us #d #j ,lactantius #j #a ,juv5cus #a #b ,arius #b #a ,acta ,philippi #b #a ,apo/olic ,canons & ,con/itutions #fa #bh ,eusebius 7,caes>ea7 #cae #bad ,!odorus ,h]acle5sis #b #j ,a?anasius #agi #aai ,firmicus ,mat]nus #c #a ,julius 7,pope7 #a #b ,s]apion #e #a ,eu/a?ius #g #b ,mac>ius ,aegyptius or ,magnus7#abj7 #cf #ag ,hil>y 7,poicti]s7 #gc #ci ,c&idus ,arianus #j #a ,eunomius #a #j ,didymus #ha #cf ,victor9us ( ,pettau #d #c ,fau/9us #d #j ,z5o #c #e ,basil #bgb #aje ,victor9us ,af] #ad #ad ,lucif] ( ,cagli>i #ag #bj ,titus ( ,bo/ra #dd #bd ,cyril ( ,j]usalem #ed #cb ,pacianus #b #b ,optatus #aj #c ,quae/iones ex ,utroque ,te/ #ac #f ,gregory ( ,nyssa #ia #bh ,phila/rius #g #f ,gregory ( ,nazianzus #ah #d ,amphilo*ius #bg #aj ,epiphanius #abc #gh ,ambrose #afi #gg ,mac>ius ,magnes #aa #e ,diodorus ( ,t>sus #a #j ,evagrius ,ponticus #d #j ,esaias ,abbas #a #j ,nemesius #j #a ,philo ( ,c>pasus7#aba7 #i #b ---- #bfcj #agec ,! te/imony !re=e ( ! ,e>ly ,fa!rs is emphatically1 accord+ to ! issue ( numb]s1 9 fav\r ( ! ,traditional ,text1 be+ ab\t #c3b4 ,b x is also necess>y to in=m ! read]s ( ?is treatise1 t "h quality confirms quantity4 ,a li/ w n[ be giv5 ( ?irty important passages 9 :i* evid5ce is borne on bo? sides1 & x w be se5 t #ecj te/imonies are giv5 9 fav\r ( ! ,traditional read+s z aga9/ #agj on ! o!r side4 ,9 o!r words1 ! ,traditional ,text beats its oppon5t 9 a g5]al proportion ( #c to #a4 ,?is result supplies a fair idea ( ! two records4 ,! ,neologian record consi/s ma9ly ( unimportant1 or at any rate ( small] alt]ations1 su* z = 1 = 1 = 1 dis>rangem5ts ( ! ord] ( words1 omissions ( p>ticles1 besides ( c\rse great] omissions ( m or less importance4 ,9 fact1 a great deal ( ! v>iations sugge/ to u t !y took _! orig9 :5 ! ,*ur* _h n become famili> ) ! true read+s1 ! v]ba ipsissima1 ( ! ,gospels1 & :5 an atmosph]e ( mu* inaccuracy 0 spread ar\nd4 ,x w be readily und]/ood h[ easily ! text ( ! ,holy ,gospels might h come to be corrupt$ 9 oral tea*+ :e!r f ! pulpit or o!rwise1 & h[ corruptions mu/ h s emb$d$ !mselves 9 ! memories & 9 ! copies ( _m ,*ri/ians ( ! day1 t x ne$$ c5turies be=e !y c\ld be ca/ out4 ,t !y 7 ?us root$ out to a l>ge ext5t mu/ h be5 due to ! lov+ zeal & accuracy ( ! majority4 ,su* 0 a great ?\gh by no means ! sole cause ( corruption4 ,b be=e go+ fur!r1 x w be be/ to exhibit ! te/imony ref]r$ to z x is borne by ?irty ( ! mo/ important passages 9 dispute4 ,!y h be5 select$ ) c>e3 sev]al :i* 7 fir/ *os5 _h to be replac$ by o!rs1 because ( _! abs5ce f ! quotations ( ! p]iod "u consid]ation4 ,( c\rse1 ! quotations are limit$ to t p]iod4 ,quotations are made 9 ?is li/ also f ,syriac s\rces4 ,besides my own rese>*es1 ,! ,la/ ,twelve ,v]ses1 & ,! ,revision ,revis$1 ( ,dean ,burgon h be5 mo/ prolific ( apposite passages4 ,a ref]5ce "h & !re has be5 add$ f ,res*'s ,auss]-,canonis*e ,p>alleltexte zu d5 ,evangeli51 ,leipzig1 #ahid-e4 #a4 ,/4 ,matt4 i4 #be4 4 ,on ! ,traditional side3-- ,tatian 7,diatess>on74 ,a?anasius 7c4 ,apoll4 i4 #bj2 ii4 #ae74 ,basil 7,adv4 ,eunom4 iv4 7#bia72 9 ,s4 ,xti4 ,g54 #e2 i4 #cib2 ii4 #eii1 #fjj74 ,didymus 7,tr94 iii4 #d74 ,cyril ,j]us4 7,cat4 vii4 #i74 ,gregory ,nyss4 7ii4 #bbi74 ,ephraem ,syras 7,comm5t>y on ,diatess>on74 ,epiphanius 7,ha]4 ,,ii4 li4 #e2 ,,iii4 lxxxviii4 #ag1 c4--#e times74 ,ambrose 7,de ,fid4 ,i4 xiv4 #hi77abb74 ,aga9/3--,i c discov] no?+4 #b4 ,/4 ,matt4 v4 #dd 7"s ( ! clauses74 ,traditional3--,sep>ate clauses are quot$ by-- ,dida* 7 ,i74 ,polyc>p 7x474 ,ju/9 ,m4 7,apol4 i4 #ae74 ,a!nagoras 7,leg4 pro ,*ri/ian4 #aa74 ,t]tullian 7,de ,pati5t1 vi474 ,!ophilus ,ant4 7,ad ,autolycum74 ,clem5s ,alex4 7,pa$4 i4 #h2 ,/rom4 iv4 #ad2 vii4 #ad74 ,orig5 7,de ,orat4 i42 ,cels4 viii4 #ce2 #da74 ,eusebius 7,praep4 ,ev4 xiii4 #g2 ,comm5t1 9 ,isai4 #ff2 ,comm5t4 9 ,ps4 #c2 #ajh74 ,a?anasius 7,de ,inc>nat4 c4 ,arian4 #c2 #ac74 ,apo/4 ,con/1 7i4 #a1 all ! clauses2 vii4 ,i74 ,gregory ,naz4 7,orat4 iv4 #abd74 ,gregory ,nyss4 7,9 ,bapt4 ,*ri/42 ,9 ,s4 ,/ephanum74 ,lucif] 7,pro ,s4 ,a?an4 ii474 ,philo ( ,c>pasus 7,i4 #g74 ,pacianus 7,epi/4 ii474 ,hil>y 7,tract4 9 ,ps4 cxviii4 #i4 #i2 #aj4 #af74 ,ambrose 7,de ,abrahamo ii4 #cj2 ,9 ,ps4 xxxviii4 #aj2 ,9 ,ps4 cxviii4 #ab4 #ea74 ,aphraates 7,dem4 ii474 ,apocryphal ,acts ( ! ,gospels 7p4 #hi74 ,aga9/3-- ,cyprian 7,de ,bono ,pati5t1 v42 ,de ,zelo xv42 ,te/4 ad ,jud4 iii4 #di74 ,ir5aeus 7,ha]4 ,,iii4 xviii4 #e74 ,orig5 7,comm5t4 on ,/4 ,john ,,xx4 xv42 xxvii474 ,eusebius 7,dem4 ,evan4 xiii4 #g74 ,gregory ,nyss4 7,9 ,bapt4 ,*ri/474 #c4 ,/4 ,matt4 vi4 #ac4 ,doxology4 ,traditional3-- ,dida* 7viii1 ) v>iation74 ,apo/ol4 ,con/4 7iii4 #ah2 vii4 #be1 ) v>iation74 ,ambrose 7,de ,sacr4 vi4 #e4 #bd74 ,aga9/ 7871 i4e4 g5]ally sil5t ab\t x3-- ,t]tullian 7,de ,orat4 #h74 ,cyprian 7,de ,orat4 ,dom4 #bg74 ,orig5 7,de ,orat4 #ah74 ,cyril ,j]us4 7,cat4 xxiii41 ,my/4 #e1 #ah74 ,gregory ,nyss4 is d\btful 7,de ,orat4 ,dom4 end74 #d4 ,/4 ,matt4 vii4 #ac1 #ad4 4 ,traditional3-- ,hippolytus 7,9 ,susannam v4 #ah74 ,te/am5t ( ,abraham7#e times74 ,orig5 7,select4 9 ,ps4 xvi42 ,comm5t4 9 ,matt4 xii4 #ab74 ,ambrose 7,epi/4 ,i4 xxviii4 #f74 ,esaias ,abbas4 ,philo ( ,c>pasus 7iii4 #gc74 ,aga9/3-- ,hippolytus 7,philosoph4 v4 #a4 #a--;bis74 ,orig5 7,cels4 vi4 #ag2 ,select4 9 ,ps4 xlv4 #b2 cxvii42 c4 ,ha]es4 v4 #h74 ,cyprian 7,de ,hab4 ,virg4 xxi42 ,te/4 ad ,jud4 iii4 #f74 ,eusebius 7,eclog4 ,proph4 iii4 #d2 ,comm5t4 9 ,ps4 #c74 ,clem5s ,alex4 7,/rom4 ,,iv4 ii42 vi42 v4 #e2 ,cohort4 ad ,g5t4 p4 #gi74 ,basil 7,hom4 9 ,ps4 xxxiii4 #d2 xlv4 #b74 ,cyril ,j]us4 7,cat4 iii4 #g74 ,gregory ,nyss4 7c4 ,=nic>ios74 ,ambrose 7,exposit4 9 ,luc4 iv4 #cg74 ,philo ( ,c>pasus 7i4 #g74 ,mac>ius ,aegypt4 7,hom4 xxviii474 ,lucif] 7,de ,a?an4 ii42 ,mori5dum esse74 #e4 ,/4 ,matt4 ix4 #ac4 4 ,m>k ii4 #ag4 ,traditional3-- ,b>nabas 7#e74 ,ju/9 ,m4 7,apol4 i4 #ae74 ,ir5aeus 7,,iii4 v4 #b74 ,orig5 7,comm5t4 9 ,joh4 xxviii4 #af74 ,eusebius 7,comm5t4 9 ,ps4 cxlvi474 ,hil>y 7,comm5t4 9 ,matt4 ad loc474 ,basil 7,de ,po5it5t4 #c2 ,hom4 9 ,ps4 xlviii4 #a2 ,epi/4 ,class4 ,i4 xlvi4 #f74 ,aga9/3-- ,clem5s ,rom4 7ii4 #b74 ,hil>y 79 ,m>k ii4 #ag74 #f4 ,/4 ,matt4 xi4 #bg4 4 ,traditional3-- ,ir5aeus 7c4 ,ha]es4 ,,iv4 vi4 #a74 ,ar*elaus--,manes 7xxxvii474 ,clem5t9es 7,recog4 ii4 #dg2 ,hom4 xvii4 #d2 xviii4 #d2 #ac74 ,a?anasius 7,matt4 xi4 #bg--;comm5t+ ^u x2 ,de ,inc>n4 c4 ,arian4 #g2 #ac2 #dg2 #dh2 c4 ,arianos iii4 #bf2 #di2 c4 ,sabell4 ,greg4 #d74 ,didymus 7,de ,tr94 iii4 #cf74 ,basil 7,adv4 ,eunom4 v4 #cad74 ,victor9us ,af] 7,adv4 ,arium i4 #ae74 ,ambrose 7,de ,fide ,v4 xvi4 #bja2 ,de ,spir4 ,s4 ,,ii4 xi4 #abc74 ,gregory ,nyss4 7c4 ,eunom4 i474 ,hil>y 7,comm5t4 9 ,matt4 ad loc42 ,de ,tr94 ii4 #aj2 vi4 #bf2 ix4 #ej2 ,frag4 xv474 ,quae/iones ex ,n4 ,t4 7#abd74 ,aga9/3-- ,ir5aeus 7c4 ,ha]es4 ,i4 xx4 #c2 ,,ii4 vi4 ,i2 ,,iv4 vi4 #c74 ,clem5s ,alex4 7,cohort4 ad ,g5t4 i4 end2 ,pa$4 i4 #e2 ,/rom4 i4 #bh2 v4 #ac2 vii4 #aj2 #ah2 ,quis ,div4 ,salv4 viii474 ,ju/9 ,m4 7,apol4 i4 #fc--;bis2 ,dial4 c4 ,tryph4 #ajj74 ,orig5 7,cels4 vi4 #ag2 ,comm4 9 ,joh4 i4 #db74 ,synodus ,antio*5a4 ,a?anasius 7,hi/4 ,arian4 xii42 c4 ,arian4 i4 #ab2 #ci2 iv4 #bc2 ,s]m4 ,maj4 de ,fide1 #bh74 ,didymus 7,de ,tr94 ii4 #af74 ,eusebius 7,eclog4 ,proph4 i4 #aa2 ,de ,eccles4 ,!ol4 ,i4 xv2 xvi474 ,basil 7,adv4 ,eunom4 v4 #caa74 ,cyril ,j]us4 7,cat4 vi4 #f2 x4 #a74 ,epiphanius 7,adv4 ,ha]es4 i4 #cd4 #ah2 ii4 #ed4 #d2 iii4 #fe4 #d2 #gf4 #d2 #bi2 ,ancor4 #fg74 #g4 ,/4 ,matt4 xvii4 #ba4 ,! ,v]se4 ,traditional3-- ,clem5t ,alex4 4 xv4 ,orig5 7,comm5t4 9 ,matt4 xiii4 #g2 ,hom4 i474 ,a?anasius 7,de ,virg4 vii474 ,basil 7,de ,jejun4 ,hom4 i4 #i2 ,reg4 fus4 tract4 xviii42 ,hom1 de ,jejun4 iii474 ,juv5eus 7iii4 vv4 #cha-b74 ,ambrose 7,9 ,ps4 xlv4 #i2 ,epi/4 ,class4 ,i4 xlii4 #aa74 ,hil>y 7,comm5t4 9 ,matt4 ad loc74 ,aga9/3--none1 s f> z ,i c f9d4 #h4 ,/4 ,matt4 xviii4 #aa4 ,! ,v]se4 ,traditional3-- ,orig5 7ii4 #adg2 ,conc4 v4 #fge74 ,t]tullian 7,pudic4 #i2 ,resurr4 #i74 ,ambrose 7,de ,int]pell4 ,dav4 ,,iv4 ii4 #d2 ,expos4 9 ,luc4 vii4 #bji2 ,de ,fid4 ,res4 ,,ii4 #f77abc74 ,aga9/3--none1 s f> z ,i c f9d4 #i4 ,/4 ,matt4 xix4 #af1 #ag4 1 & 4 ,traditional3-- ,clem5s ,alex4 7,/rom4 v4 #aj74 ,orig5-- 7,comm5t4 9 ,matt4 xv4 #aj74 ,eusebius 7,praep4 ,evan4 xi4 #ba74 ,a?anasius 7,de ,inc>n4 c4 ,arian4 #g74 ,cyril ,j]us4 7,cat4 xviii4 #cj74 ,gregory ,naz4 7i4 #ebi74 ,hil>y 7,comm5t4 9 ,matt4 ad loc474 ,epiphanius 7,adv4 ,ha]es4 ,i4 iii4 #cd4 #ah74 ,mac>ius ,magnes 7i4 #i77abd74 ,aga9/3-- ,orig5 7,praep4 ,evan4 xi4 #ai2 ,comm5t4 9 ,matt4 xv4 #aj4--;bis74 ,eusebius 7,praep4 ,evan4 xi4 #ba74 ,novatian 7,de ,tr94 xxx474 ,hil>y--omits 7,comm5t4 9 loc474 #aj4 ,/4 ,matt4 xxiii4 #ch4 4 ,/4 ,luke xiii4 #ce4 ,traditional3-- ,cyprian 7,te/4 ad ,jud4 i4 #f74 ,ir5aeus 7c4 ,ha]es4 ,,iv4 xxxvi4 #h2 xxxvii4 #e74 ,clem5s ,alex4 7,pa$4 i4 #i74 ,me?odius 7,s]m4 de ,simeone et ,anna74 ,orig5 7,hom4 9 ,j]em4 vii4-- bis2 ,x42 xiii42 ,select4 9 ,j]emiam xv42 9 ,?r5os iv4 #f74 ,apo/ol4 ,con/4 7vi4 #e74 ,eusebius 7,dem4 ,evan4 ,,ii4 iv4 7#ch7--;f\r times2 ,,iv4 xvi4 7#ahi72 ,,vi4 7#bia72 viii4 7#dja72 x4 7#dha72 ,eclog4 ,proph4 ,,iv4 i42 ,comm5t4 9 ,ps4 #gc--;bis2 #gg2 #gi2 9 ,isaiam #g-h2 ,de ,!ophan4 vii4--tris74 ,basil 7,comm5t4 9 ,isaiam i4 #bj74 ,cyril ,j]us4 7,cat4 xiii4 #cb74 ,philo ( ,c>pasus 7iii4 #hc74 ,ambrose 7,9 ,ps4 xliii4 #fi2 ,9 ,cant4 ,cant4 iv4 #ed74 ,aga9/3-- ,didymus 7,expos4 9 ,ps4 #fg74 ,epiphanius 7,adv4 ,ha]es4 ,i4 iii4 #dj74 ,z5o 7xiv4 #b74 #aa4 ,/4 ,matt4 xxvii4 #cd4 & 4 ,traditional3-- ,gospel ( ,pet] 7 #e74 ,acta ,philippi 7 #bf74 ,b>nabas 7 #g74 ,ir5aeus4 ,t]tullian4 ,celsus4 ,orig54 ,eusebius ( ,emesa4 ,!odore ( ,h]aclea4 ,didymus4 ,gregory ,naz4 ,gregory ,nyss4 ,ephraem ,syrus4 ,titus ( ,bo/ra4 ,aga9/3-- ,apocryphal ,acts ( ! ,apo/les4 ,mac>ius ,magnes 7ii4 #ab74 ,gospel ( ,nicodemus7#abe74 #ab4 ,/4 ,matt4 xxviii4 #b4 4 ,traditional3-- ,gospel ( ,nicodemus4 ,aeta ,philippi4 ,apocryphal ,acts ( ! ,apo/les4 ,eusebius 7ad ,m>9um1 ii4 #d74 ,greg4 ,nyss4 7,de ,*ri/4 ,resurr4 ,i4 #cij1 #cih77abf78 ,comp>e also ,acta ,pilati 7 1 & 71 & ,gospel ( ,pet] 7 -- 74 ,aga9/3-- ,dionysius ,alex4 7,epi/4 ,canon4 ad ,basilidem74 ,orig5 7c4 ,celsum1 ii4 #gj74 ,apo/ol4 ,c4 7vii4 #a74 #ac4 ,/4 ,matt4 xxviii4 #ai4 4 ,traditional3-- ,ir5aeus 7c4 ,ha]es4 ,,iii4 xvii4 #a74 ,hippolytus 7c4 ,ha]es4 ,noet4 #ad74 ,apo/olic ,canons 7pp4 #bi2 #dc2 #di 7,lag>de72 ,con/4 ii4 #bf2 iv4 #a2 vii4 #bb74 ,concilia ,c>?ag9i5sia 7vii4--tris74 ,ps4 ,ju/9 7,expos4 ,rect4 ,fid4 v474 ,t]tullian 7,de ,baptismo xiii474 ,cyprian 7,epi/4 ad ,jubaianum v42 xxv4 #b t+5tes2 lxiii4 #ah2 ad ,novatianum ,h]et4 iii4--#crd c5t42 ,te/imon4 ,,ii4 xxvi4 t+5tes74 ,eusebius 7c4 ,m>cell4 ,i4 i474 ,a?anasius 7,epi/4 ,encycl4 i42 ,epi/4 ad ,s]ap4 i4 #f2 #bh2 ii4 #f2 iii4 #f2 iv4 #e2 de ,syn4 #bc2 ,de ,titulis ,ps4 #adh74 ,basil 7,adv4 ,eunom4 v4 #bii2 ,de ,fide #d2 ,de ,bapt4 ,i4 #a2 ii4 #f2 ,epi/4 ,class4 ,i4 viii4 #aa2 ,,ii4 ccx4 #c74 ,didymus 7,de ,tr94 i4 #cj2 #cf2 ii4 #e2 iii4 #bc74 ,cyril ,j]us4 7,cat4 xvi4 #d74 ,hil>y 7,comm5t4 9 ,matt4 ad loc42 c4 ,aux5tium #ad2 ,de ,syn4 xxix42 ,de ,tr94 ii4 #a74 ,amphilo*ius 7,epi/4 ,synod474 ,gregory ,nyss4 7c4 ,eunom4 xi42 ,9 ,bapt4 ,*ri/42 ,9 ,*ri/4 ,resurr4--bis2 ,epi/4 v42 xxiv474 ,victor9us ( ,pettau 7,9 ,apoc4 i4 #ae74 ,optatus 7,de ,s*ism4 ,don4 v4 #e74 ,firmicus ,mat]nus 7,de ,error4 ,pr(an4 ,relig4 xxv474 ,ambrose 7,de ,joseph4 xii4 #ga74 ,victor9us ,af] 7,adv4 ,arium iv4 #ah74 ,epiphanius 7,adv4 ,ha]es4 iii4 #gc4 #c2 #gd4 #e2 1 end74 ,aga9/3--none4 #ad4 ,/4 ,m>k i4 #b4 444 4 ,traditional3-- ,titus ( ,bo/ra4 ,orig54 ,porphyry4 ,ir5aeus 7,,iii4 xvi4 #c74 ,eusebius4 ,ambrose7#abg74 ,aga9/3-- ,ir5aeus 7,,iii4 xi4 #h74 ,orig5 7,cels4 ii4 #d2 ,comm5t4 9 ,john i4 #ad74 ,titus ( ,bo/ra 7,adv4 ,mani*4 iii4 #d74 ,epiphanius4 ,basil 7,adv4 ,eunom4 ii4 #ae74 ,epiphanius 7,adv4 ,ha]es4 ,,ii4 i4 #ea74 ,s]apion4 ,victor9us ( ,pettau 7,9 ,apoc4 ,s4 ,joann474 #ae4 ,/4 ,m>k xvi4 #i-bj4 ,la/ ,twelve ,v]ses4 ,traditional3-- ,papias 7,eus4 ,h4 ,e4 iii4 #ci74 ,ju/9 ,m>tyr 7,tryph4 #ec2 ,apol4 i4 #de74 ,ir5aeus 7c4 ,ha]4 ,,iii4 x4 #f2 iv4 #ef74 ,t]tullian 7,de ,resurr4 ,c>n4 xxxvii42 ,adv4 ,praxeam xxx474 ,clem5t9es 7,epit4 #ada74 ,hippolytus 7c4 ,ha]4 ,noet4 ad f9474 ,v9c5tius 7#bnd ,c\ncil ( ,c>?age--,r\?1 ,rell4 ,sacr4 iii4 p4 #abd74 ,acta ,pilati 7xiv4 #b74 ,apo/4 ,c4 & ,con/4 7c4 #a2 v4 #g2 #ai2 vi4 #ae2 #cj2 viii4 #a74 ,eusebius 7,mai1 ,script4 ,vett4 ,nov4 ,collect4 i4 p4 #a74 ,cyril ,j]us4 7,cat4 xiv4 #bg74 ,syriac ,table ( ,canons4 ,mac>ius ,magnes 7iii4 #af2 #bd74 ,aphraates 7,dem4 i4--bis74 ,didymus 7,tr94 ii4 #ab74 ,syriac ,acts ( ! ,apo/les4 ,epiphanius 7,adv4 ,ha]4 ,i4 xliv4 #f74 ,gregory ,nyss4 7,9 ,*ri/4 ,resurr4 ii474 ,apocryphal ,acts ( ! ,gospel--,wright 7#d2 #ag2 #bd74 ,ambrose 7,hexam]on vi4 #ch2 ,de ,int]pell4 ii4 #e2 ,apol4 proph4 ,david ,,ii4 iv4 #bf2 ,luc4 vii4 #ha2 ,de ,po5it4 ,i4 viii4 #ce2 ,de ,spir4 ,s4 ,,ii4 xiii4 #aea74 ,aga9/3-- ,eusebius 7,mai1 ,script4 ,vett4 ,nov4 ,collect4 i4 p4 #a77abh74 #af4 ,/4 ,luke i4 #bh4 1 444 ,traditional3-- ,t]tullian 7,de ,virg4 ,vel4 vi474 ,eusebius 7,dem4 ,evan4 vii4 #cbi74 ,aphraates 7,dem4 ix474 ,ambrose 7,exposit4 9 loc474 ,aga9/3-- ,titus ( ,bo/ra 7,exposit4 9 loc42 ,adv4 ,mani*4 iii474 #ag4 ,/4 ,luke ii4 #ad4 4 ,traditional3-- ,ir5aeus 7,,iii4 x4 #d74 ,orig5 7c4 ,celsum i4 #fj2 ,selecta 9 ,ps4 xlv42 ,comm5t4 9 ,matt4 xvii42 ,comm5t4 9 ,joh4 i4 #ac74 ,apo/ol4 ,con/4 7vii4 #dg2 viii4 #ab74 ,me?odius 7,s]m4 de ,simeon4 et ,anna74 ,eusebius 7,dem4 ,ev4 iv4 7#afc72 vii4 7#cdb774 ,gregory ,?aumaturgus 7,de ,fid4 ,cap4 #ab74 ,aphraates 7,dem4 ix42 xx474 ,titus ( ,bo/ra 7,expos4 9 ,luc4 ad loc74 ,a?anasius 7,de ,tit4 ,pss4 ,ps4 cxlviii474 ,didymus 7,de ,tr94 i4 #bg2 ,expos4 9 ,ps4 lxxxiv474 ,basil 7,9 ,s4 ,*ri/4 ,g54 #e74 ,gregory ,naz4 7,or4 xlv4 i474 ,philo ( ,c>pasus 7iii4 #afg74 ,epiphanius 7,ha]4 ,i4 #cj4 #bi2 ,,iii4 #gh4 #ae74 ,gregory ,nyss4 7,9 ,ps4 xiv42 ,9 ,cant4 ,cant4 xv42 ,9 ,diem ,nat4 ,*ri/4 #aach2 ,de ,occurs4 ,dom4 #aaef74 ,ephraem ,syr47#abi7 7,gr4 iii4 #dcd74 ,aga9/3-- ,ir5aeus 7,,iii4 x4 #d74 ,optatus 7,de ,s*ism4 ,don4 iv4 #d74 ,cyril ,j]us4 7,cat4 xii4 #gb74 ,ambrose 7,exposit4 9 ,luc4 ad loc474 ,juv5cus 7,,ii4 v4 #agd74 #ah4 ,/4 ,luke x4 #da-b4 1 4 ,traditional3-- ,basil 7,con/4 ,mona/4 i4 #a74 ,mac>ius ,aegypt4 7,de ,orat474 ,evagrius ,ponticus4 ,aga9/3-- ,titus ( ,bo/ra 7,exposit4 9 ,luc4 ad loc4 ,b 74 #ai4 ,/4 ,luke xxii4 #dc-d4 ,m9i/]+ ,angel & ,agony4 ,traditional3-- ,ju/9 ,m4 7,tryph4 #ajc74 ,ir5aeus 7,ha]4 ,,iii4 xxii4 #b2 ,,iv4 xxxv4 #c74 ,tatian 7,ciasca1 #eef74 ,hippolytus 7c4 ,ha]4 ,noet4 #e2 #ah74 ,m>cion 7ad loc474 ,dionysius ,alex4 7,h]m54 9 ,luc4 ad loc474 ,eusebius 7,sect4 #bhc74 ,a?anasius 7,expos4 9 ,ps4 lxviii474 ,ephraem ,syrus 7ap4 ,!odor4 ,mops474 ,gregory ,naz4 7xxx4 #af74 ,didymus 7,tr94 iii4 #ba74 ,titus ( ,bo/ra 7,9 ,luc4 ad loc474 ,epiphanius 7,ha]4 ,,ii4 7#b7 lxix4 #ai2 #ei2 ,ancor4 #ca2 #cg74 ,arius 7,epiph4 ,ha]4 lxix4 #ai2 #fa77acj74 ,aga9/3--none4 #bj4 ,/4 ,luke xxiii4 #cd4 ,our ,"l's ,pray] = ,8 murd]]s4 ,traditional3-- ,hegesippus 7,eus4 ,h4 ,e4 ii4 #bc74 ,ps4 ,ju/9 7,quae/4 et ,respons4 #ajh--;bis74 ,ir5aeus 7c4 ,ha]4 ,,iii4 xviii4 #e74 ,ar*elaus 7xliv474 ,m>cion 79 loc474 ,hippolytus 7c4 ,noet4 #ah74 ,clem5t9es 7,recogn4 vi4 #e2 ,hom4 xi4 #bj74 ,apo/4 ,con/4 7ii4 #af2 v4 #ad74 ,a?anasius 7,de ,tit4 ,pss41 ,ps4 cv474 ,eusebius 7canon x474 ,didymus 7,tr94 iii4 #ba74 ,amphilo*ius 7,orat4 9 d4 ,sabbati74 ,hil>y 7,de ,tr94 i4 #cb74 ,ambrose 7,de ,joseph1 xii4 #fi2 ,de ,int]pell4 ,,iii4 ii4 #f2 ,9 ,ps4 ,,cxviii4 iii4 #h2 xiv4 #bh2 ,expos4 ,luc4 v4 #gg2 x4 #fb2 ,cant4 ,cant4 i4 #df74 ,gregory ,nyss4 7,de ,p]f4 ,*ri/4 anim4 =ma--bis74 ,titus ( ,bo/ra 7,comm5t4 ,luc4 ad loc4--bis74 ,acta ,pilati 7x4 #e74 ,basil 7,adv4 ,eunom4 iv4 #bij74 ,gregory ,naz4 7,orat4 iv4 #gh74 ,ephraem ,syr4 7ii4 #cba74 ,acta ,philippi 7 #bf74 ,quae/iones ex ,utroque ,te/4 7,n4,t4 #fg2 ,mixtae ,,ii4 7#a7 #d74 ,apocryphal ,acts ( ! ,gospels 7,wright71 #aa2 7#af77aca74 ,aga9/3--none4 #ba4 ,/4 ,luke xxiii4 #ch4 ,! ,sup]scription4 ,traditional3-- ,m>cion 7ad loc474 ,eusebius 7,eclog4 ,proph4 ,,ii4 xiv474 ,gospel ( ,pet] 7i4 #aa74 ,acta ,pilati 7x4 #a74 ,gregory ,nyss4 7,9 ,cant4 ,cant4 vii474 ,titus ( ,bo/ra 7,9 ,luc4 ad loc74 ,aga9/3--none4 #bb4 ,/4 ,luke xxiii4 #de4 4 ,traditional3-- ,m>cion 7ad loc474 ,gospel ( ,pet] 7 #e74 ,acta ,pilati4 ,anaphora ,pilati 7 #g74 ,hippolytus 7c4 ,ha]4 ,noet4 #ah74 ,t]tullian 7,adv4 ,jud4 xiii474 ,a?anasius 7,de ,inc>n4 ,v]b4 #di2 ad ,adelph4 #c2 ap4 ,epiph4 i4 #ajjf74 ,cyril ,j]us4 7,cat4 xiii4 #bd74 ,mac>ius ,magnes 7iii4 #ag74 ,julius ,africanus 7,*ronicon1 v4 #a74 ,apocryphal ,acts ( ! ,gospels 7,wright1 p4 #af74 ,ephraem ,syrus 7ii4 #dh74 ,aga9/3-- ,orig5 7,cels4 ii4 #ce74 ,acta ,pilati4 ,eusebius m5tions ! read+ 1 b appe>s aft]w>ds to condemn x7#acb74 #bc4 ,/4 ,luke xxiv4 #dj4 ,! ,v]se4 ,traditional3-- ,m>cion 7ad loc474 ,t]tullian 7,de ,c>ne ,*ri/i #e74 ,a?anasius 7ad ,epictet4 #g2 quot$ by ,epiph4 i4 #ajjc74 ,eusebius 7ap4 ,mai1 ii4 #bid74 ,ambrose 7ap4 ,!odoret1 iv4 #ada74 ,epiphanius 7,ha]4 ,,iii4 lxxvii4 #i77acc74 ,aga9/3--none4 #bd4 ,/4 ,luke xxiv4 #db4 4 ,traditional3-- ,m>cion 7ad loc474 ,ju/9 ,m>tyr 7bis74 ,clem5s ,alex4 ,t]tullian4 ,a?anasius 7c4 ,arian4 iv4 #ce74 ,cyril ,j]us4 7bis74 ,gregory ,nyss4 ,epiphanius4 ,aga9/3-- ,clem5s ,alex4 ,pa$4 i4 #e7acd74 #be4 ,/4 ,john i4 #c-d4 ,full /op at ! end ( ! ,v]se8 ,traditional3-- ,a?anasius 7,s]m4 9 ,nativ4 ,*ri/4 iii474 ,eusebius 7,praep4 ,evan4 xi4 #ai74 ,didymus 7,de ,tr94 ,i4 xv474 ,gregory ,nyss4 7c4 ,eunom4 i4 p4 #cdh--;bis2 ii4 p4 #dej2 p4 #dfa2 p4 #dfh2 iv4 p4 #ehd2 v4 p4 #eia74 ,epiphanius 7,ha]4 ,i4 7xliii47 #a2 ,,ii4 7li47 #ab2 7lxv47 #c2 7lxix47 #ef2 ,ancoratus lxxv474 ,alex&rians & ,egyptians 7,ambrose ,9 ,ps4 #cf74 ,aga9/3-- ,ir5aeus 7,i4 viii4 #e 7#b72 ,,iii4 xi4 #a74 ,!odotus 7ap4 ,clem4 ,alex4 vi474 ,hippolytus 7,philosoph4 ,v4 i4 #h2 #ag74 ,clem5s ,alex4 7,pa$4 ii4 #i74 ,val5t9ians 7ap4 ,epiph4 ,ha]4 ,i4 7xxxi47 #bg74 ,orig5 7c4 ,cels4 vi4 #e2 ,pr9cip4 ,,ii4 ix4 #d2 ,,iv4 i4 #cj2 ,9 ,joh4 i4 #bb2 #cd2 ii4 #f2 #aj2 #ab2 #ac--;bis2 9 ,rom4 iii4 #aj2 #ae2 c4 ,ha]4 v4 #aea74 ,eusebius 7de ,eccles4 ,!ol4 ,,ii4 xiv474 ,basil 7c4 ,eunom4 ,v4 #cjc74 ,gregory ,nyss4 7,de ,cant4 ,cant4 ,hom4 ii474 ,c&idus ,arianus 7,de ,g5]at4 ,div474 ,victor9us ,af] 7,adv4 ,arium ,i4 iv4 #cc2 #da74 ,hil>y 7,de ,tr94 i4 #aj74 ,ambrose 7,9 ,ps4 xxxvi4 #ce 7#d72 ,de ,fide ,,iii4 vi4 #da-b--tris77#ace74 #bf4 ,/4 ,john i4 #ah4 4 ,traditional3-- ,ir5aeus 7c4 ,ha]es4 ,,iii4 xi4 #f2 ,,iv4 xx4 #f74 ,t]tullian 7,adv4 ,praxean xv474 ,hippolytus 7c4 ,ha]es4 ,noeti #e74 ,synodus ,antio*5a4 ,ar*elaus 7,manes7 7xxxii474 ,orig5 7,comm5t4 9 ,joh4 vi4 #b2 c4 ,celsum ii4 #ga74 ,eusebius 7,de ,eccles4 ,!ol4 ,i4 ix42 ,,ii4 xi42 xxiii474 ,alex&] ,alex4 7,epi/474 ,gregory ,naz4 7,orat4 xxix4 #ag74 ,cyril ,j]us4 7,cat4 vii4 #aa74 ,didymus 7,9 ,ps4 cix474 ,a?anasius 7,de ,decr4 ,nic4 ,syn4 xiii42 xxi42 c4 ,arianos ii4 #fb2 iv4 #bf74 ,titus ( ,bo/ra 7,adv4 ,mani*aeos iii4 #f74 ,basil 7,de ,spir4 ,s4 xi42 ,hom4 9 ,ps4 xxviii4 #c2 ,epi/4 ccxxxiv42 ,s]mons xv4 #c74 ,gregory ,nyss4 7c4 ,eunom4 ii4 p4 #ebb74 ,hil>y 7,de ,tr94 iv4 #h2 #db2 vi4 #ci2 #dj74 ,ambrose 7,de ,int]pell4 ,i4 x4 #cj2 ,de ,b5$ict1 xi4 #ea2 ,expos4 9 ,luc4 i4 #be--;bis2 ii4 #ab2 ,de ,fide ,,iii4 iii4 #bd2 ,de ,spir4 ,s4 ,i4 i4 #bf74 ,eu/a?ius 7,de ,enga/r4 #ah74 ,fau/9us 7,de ,tr94 ii4 #e--tris74 ,quae/4 ex ,utroque ,te/4 7#ga2 #ia74 ,victor9us ,af] 7,de ,g5]at4 ,v]b4 xvi42 xx42 ,adv4 ,arium i4 #b--;bis2 iv4 #h2 #cb74 ,aga9/3-- ,ir5aeus 7,,iv4 xx4 #aa74 ,!odotus 7ap4 ,clem4 vi474 ,clem5s ,alex4 7,/rom4 v4 #ab74 ,orig5 7,comm5t1 9 ,joh4 ,,ii4 #bi2 ,,xxxii4 #ac74 ,eusebius 7 or 1 ,de ,eccles4 ,!ol4 ,i4 ix-x474 ,didymus 7,de ,tr94 i4 #ae2 ii4 #e2 #af74 ,arius 7ap4 ,epiph4 #gc--,tis*474 ,basil 7,de ,spiritu ,sanct4 vi42 c4 ,eunom4 i4 p4 #fbc74 ,gregory ,nyss4 7c4 ,eunom4 iii4 p4 #egg--;bis2 #eha74 ,epiphanius 7,adv4 ,ha]es4 ,,ii4 7lxv47 #e2 ,,iii4 7lxx47 #g74 #bg4 ,/4 ,john iii4 #ac4 4 ,traditional3-- ,hippolytus 7c4 ,ha]4 ,noet4 #d74 ,novatian 7,de ,tr94 #ac74 ,a?anasius 7i4 #abge2 ,frag4 p4 #abbb1 apud ,panopl4 ,eu?ym4 ,zyg474 ,orig5 7,9 ,g54 ,hom4 iv4 #e2 ,9 ,rom4 viii4 #b--;bis74 ,basil 7,adv4 ,eunom4 iv4 #b74 ,amphilo*ius 7,s5t5t4 et ,excurs4 xix474 ,didymus 7,de ,tr94 ,,iii4 ix474 ,!odorus ,h]acle5sis 7,9 ,is4 liii4 #e74 ,lucif] 7,pro ,s4 ,a?an4 ii474 ,epiphanius 7,ha]4 ,,ii4 lvii4 #g74 ,eu/a?ius 7,de ,enga/r4 #ah74 ,z5o 7xii4 ,i74 ,hil>y 7,tract4 9 ,ps4 ii4 #aa2 cxxxviii4 #bb2 ,de ,tr94 x4 #af74 ,ambrose 7,9 ,ps4 xxxix4 #ag2 xliii4 #ci2 ,expos4 9 ,luc4 vii4 #gd74 ,aphraates 7,dem4 viii474 ,aga9/3--"s ,fa!rs quote z f> z ^! words & !n /op1 s t x is impossible to "k :e!r !y /opp$ because ! words 7 n 9 _! copies1 or because !y did n wi% to quote fur!r4 ,on "s occasions at lea/ x is evid5t t x 0 n to _! purpose to quote fur!r ?an !y did1 e4g4 ,greg4 ,naz4 ,ep4 ci4 ,eusebius 7,eclog4 ,proph4 ii47 is only less d\btful7#acf74 ,see ,revision ,revis$1 p4 #acd1 note4 #bh4 ,/4 ,john ,x4 #ad4 4 ,traditional3-- ,mac>ius ,aegypt4 7,hom4 vi474 ,gregory ,naz4 7orat4 xv4 end2 xxxiii4 #ae74 ,aga9/3-- ,eusebius 7,comm5t4 9 ,isaiam #h74 ,basil 7,hom4 xxi42 xxiii474 ,epiphanius 7,comm4 9 ,ps4 lxvi477#acg74 #bi4 ,/4 ,john xvii4 #bd4 7or 74 ,traditional3-- ,ir5aeus 7c4 ,ha]es4 ,,iv4 xiv4 #a74 ,cyprian 7,de ,mortal1 xxii42 ,te/4 ad ,jud4 iii4 #eh77ach74 ,clem5s ,alex4 7,pa$4 i4 #h74 ,a?anasius 7,de ,tit4 ,pss4 ,ps4 iii474 ,eusebius 7,de ,eccles4 ,!ol4 iii4 #ag--;bis2 c4 ,m>cell4 p4 #bib74 ,hil>y 7,tract4 9 ,ps4 lxiv4 #e2 ,de ,tr94 ix4 #ej74 ,ambrose 7,de ,bon4 ,mort4 xii4 #ed2 ,de ,fide ,v4 vi4 #hf2 ,de ,_s4 ,s4 ,,ii4 viii4 #gf74 ,quae/iones ex ,n4 ,t4 7#ge77aci74 ,aga9/3-- ,clem5s ,alex4 7#adj--,tis*474 #cj4 ,/4 ,john xxi4 #be4 ,! ,v]se4 ,traditional3-- ,orig5 7,pr9c4 ,,ii4 vi42 vol4 ii4 #a #ha2 ,9 ,matt4 ,,xiv4 #ab2 ,9 ,luc4 ,hom4 xxvii2 xxix2 ,9 ,joh4 ,i4 #aa2 ,v4 ap4 ,eus4 ,h4 ,e4 ,,vi4 #be2 ,,xiii4 #e2 ,,xix4 #b2 ,,xx4 #bg2 ,cat4 ,cord]4 p4 #dgd74 ,pamphilus 7,apol4 pro ,orig4 ,pref42 iii4 ap4 ,gall4 iv4 pp4 #i1 #ae74 ,eusebius 7,mai1 iv4 #big2 ,eus4 ,h4 ,e4 vi4 #be2 ,lat4 iii4 #ifd74 ,gregory ,nyss4 7c4 ,eunom4 xii4--bis74 ,gregory ,naz4 7,orat4 xxviii4 #bj74 ,ambrose 7,expos4 ,luc4 ,i4 #aa74 ,phila/rius 7,gall4 vii4 #dii77adj74 ,aga9/3--none4 ,z f> z ! ,fa!rs :o di$ be=e #djj ,a4,d4 are conc]n$1 ! "q may n[ be put & answ]$4 ,d !y witness to ! ,traditional ,text z exi/+ f ! fir/1 or d !y n8 ,! results ( ! evid5ce1 bo? z reg>ds ! quantity & ! quality ( ! te/imony1 enable u to reply1 n only t ! ,traditional ,text 0 9 exi/5ce1 b t x 0 pr$om9ant1 dur+ ! p]iod "u review4 ,let any "o :o disputes ?is conclusion make out = ! ,we/]n ,text1 or ! ,alex&rian1 or = ! ,text ( ,b & 1 a case f ! evid5ce ( ! ,fa!rs :i* c equal or surpass t :i* has be5 n[ plac$ be=e ! read]4 ,an objection may be rais$ by ^? :o are n well acqua9t$ ) ! quotations 9 ! writ+s ( ! ,fa!rs1 t ! mat]ials ( judgem5t "h produc$ are too scanty4 ,b v>i\s *>act]i/ic features 9 _! mode ( deal+ ) quotations %\ld be p>ticul>ly notic$4 ,z f> z textual criticism is conc]n$1 ! quotations ( ! ,fa!rs are fitful & unc]ta94 ,!y quote ( c\rse1 n to h& d[n to future ages a record ( read+s1 b = _! own special purpose 9 view4 ,!y may quote an important passage 9 dispute1 or !y may leave x :olly unnotic$4 ,!y (t5 quote j en\gh = _! purpose1 & no m4 ,"s passages ?us acquire a prov]bial brevity4 ,aga91 !y write d[n ov] & ov] aga91 ) unwe>i$ ri*ness ( citation1 especially f ,/4 ,john's ,gospel1 words :i* are ev]y:]e accept$3 9 fact1 all critics agree ^u ! mo/ famili> places4 ,!n aga91 ! witness ( ! ,lat9 ,fa!rs _c always be accept$ z be+ free f d\bt1 z has be5 already expla9$4 ,& ! ,greek ,fa!rs !mselves (t5 "w words ( ! ,new ,te/am5t into ! roll ( _! rhetorical s5t5ces1 s t :il/ evid5ce is giv5 = ! exi/5ce ( a v]se1 or a long] passage1 or a book1 no c]ta9 conclusions c be drawn z to ! words actually us$ or ! ord] ( !m4 ,?is is p>ticul>ly true ( ,/4 ,gregory ( ,nazianzus to ! disappo9tm5t ( ! ,textual ,critic1 & also ( 8 namesake ( ,nyssa1 z well z ( ,/4 ,basil4 ,o!rs1 l ,/4 ,epiphanius1 quote c>elessly4 ,e>ly quotation 0 usually loose & inaccurate4 ,x may be m5tion$ "h1 t ! same ,fa!r1 z has be5 kn[n ab\t ,orig5 s9ce ! days ( ,griesba*1 (t5 us$ conflict+ manuscripts4 ,z w be se5 m at l5g? bel[1 corruption crept 9 f ! v fir/4 ,"s ideas h be5 ent]ta9$ respect+ sep>ate ,fa!rs :i* are n f\nd$ 9 tru?4 ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria & ,orig5 are describ$ z be+ rem>kable = ! abs5ce ( ,traditional read+s 9 _! works7#ada74 ,:]eas besides 8 g5]al te/imony ( #hb to #gb z we h se51 ,clem5t witnesses 9 ! li/ j giv5 #h times = !m to #ad aga9/ !m2 :il/ ,orig5 is f\nd #dd times on ! ,traditional aide to #bg on ! ,neologian4 ,clem5t z we %all see us$ ma9ly ,alex&rian texts :i* mu/ h be5 gr[+ up 9 8 days1 ?\gh he witnesses l>gely to ,traditional read+s1 :il/ ,orig5 employ$ o!r texts too4 ,hil>y ( ,poicti]s is f> f be+ aga9/ ! ,traditional ,text1 z has be5 frequ5tly said3 ?\gh 9 8 comm5t>ies he did n use s ,traditional a text z 9 8 ,de ,tr9itate & 8 o!r works4 ,! texts ( ,hippolytus1 ,me?odius1 ,ir5aeus1 & ev5 ( ,ju/91 are n ( t exclusively ,we/]n "* :i* ,dr4 ,hort ascribes to !m7#adb74 ,traditional read+s occur almo/ equally ) o!rs 9 ,ju/9's works1 & pr$om9ate 9 ! works ( ! o!r ?ree4 ,b besides e/abli%+ ! antiquity ( ! ,traditional ,text1 ! quotations 9 ! e>ly ,fa!rs reveal ! /reams ( corruption :i* prevail$ 9 ! fir/ ages1 till !y 7 wa%$ away by ! va/ curr5t ( ! transmission ( ! ,text ( ! ,gospels4 ,j z if we asc5d$ 9 a captive balloon ov] ! ,mississippi :]e ! volume ( ! ,miss\ri has n yet become int]m+l$ ) ! wat]s ( ! si/] riv]1 s we may m\nt up above ^? ages & trace by _! col\r ! texts1 or r clu/]s ( read+s1 :i* = "s "t /ruggl$ ) "o ano!r = ! sup]iority4 ,b a caution is ne$$4 ,we mu/ be c>eful n to press our designation too f>4 ,we h to deal1 n ) di/9ct dialects1 nor ) editions :i* 7 sep>ately compos$1 nor ) any g5]al =ms ( expression :i* grew up indep5d5tly1 nor 9 fact ) any?+ t w\ld satisfy lit]ally ! full mean+ ( ! ^w 8texts10 :5 we apply x z x has be5 us$4 ,:at is prop]ly meant is t1 ( ! v>iant read+s ( ! words ( ! ,gospels :i* f :atev] cause grew up m or less all ov] ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*1 s f> z we "k1 "s h family lik5esses ( "o k9d or ano!r1 & may be trac$ to a k9dr$ s\rce4 ,x is only 9 ?is s5se t we c use ! t]m ,texts1 & we mu/ take c>e to be mod]ate 9 our conception & use ( x4 ,! ,e>ly ,fa!rs may be conv5i5tly class$1 accord+ to ! col\r ( _! te/imony1 ! locality :]e !y fl\ri%$1 & ! age 9 :i* !y sev]ally liv$1 "u five heads1 viz41 ,e>ly ,traditional1 ,lat] ,traditional1 ,syrio-,l[ ,lat91 ,alex&rian1 & :at we may p]haps call ,caes>ean4 ,i4 ,e>ly ,traditional4 ,traditional4 ,neologian4 ,patres ,apo/olici & ,dida* #aa #d ,epi/le to ,diognetus #a #j ,papias #a #j ,epi/ola ,vi5n5sium et ,lugdun5sium #a #j ,hegesippus #b #j ,s5iores apud ,ir5aeum #b #j ,ju/97#adc7 #ag #bj ,a!nagoras #c #a ,gospel ( ,pet] #b #j ,te/am5t ( ,abraham #d #j ,ir5aeus #fc #da ,clem5t9es #ah #g ,hippolytus #bf #aa ---- ---- #aea #hd ,,ii4 ,lat] ,traditional4 ,traditional4 ,neologian4 ,gregory ,?aumaturgus #aa #c ,cornelius #d #a ,synodical ,lett] #a #b ,ar*elaus 7,manes7 #aa #b ,apo/olic ,con/itutions & ,canons #fa #bh ,synodus ,antio*5a #c #a ,concilia ,c>?ag9i5sia #h #d ,me?odius #ad #h ,alex&] ,alex&r9us #d #j ,!odorus ,h]acle5sis #b #j ,titus ( ,bo/ra #dd #bd ,a?anasius7--except ,contra ,arianos77#add7abb #fc ,s]apion #e #a ,basil #bgb #aje ,eunomius #a #j ,cyril ( ,j]usalem #ed #cb ,firmicus ,mat]nus #c #a ,victor9us ( ,pettau #d #c ,gregory ( ,nazianzus #ah #d ,hil>y ( ,poicti]s #gc #ci ,eu/a?ius #g #b ,mac>ius ,aegyptius or ,magnus #cf #ag ,didymus #ha #cf ,victor9us ,af] #ad #ad ,gregory ( ,nyssa #ia #bh ,fau/9us #d #j ,optatus #aj #c ,pacianus #b #b ,phila/rius #g #f ,amphilo*ius 7,iconium7 #bg #aj ,ambrose #afi #gg ,diodorus ( ,t>sus #a #j ,epiphanius #abc #gh ,acta ,pilati #e #a ,acta ,philippi #b #a ,mac>ius ,magnes #aa #e ,quae/iones ex ,utroque ,te/am5to #ac #f ,evagrius ,ponticus #d #j ,esaias ,abbas #a #j ,philo ( ,c>pasus #i #b ---- ---- #accb #fji ,,iii4 ,we/]n or ,syrio-,l[ ,lat94 ,traditional4 ,neologian4 ,!ophilus ,antio*5us #b #d ,callixtus & ,pontianus 7,popes7 #a #b ,t]tullian #gd #fe ,novatian #f #d ,cyprian #ajj #if ,z5o1 ,bi%op ( ,v]ona #c #e ,lucif] ( ,cagli>i #ag #bj ,lactantius #j #a ,juv5cus 7,spa97 #a #b ,julius 7,pope78 #a #b ,c&idus ,arianus #j #a ,nemesius 7,emesa7 #j #a ---- ---- #bje #bjc ,,iv4 ,alex&rian4 ,traditional4 ,neologian4 ,h]acleon #a #g ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria #hb #gb ,dionysius ( ,alex&ria #ab #e ,!ogno/us #j #a ,pet] ( ,alex&ria #g #h ,arius #b #a ,a?anasius 7,orat4 c4 ,arianos7 #eg #ef ---- ---- #afa #aej ,v4 ,pale/9ian or ,caes>ean4 ,traditional4 ,neologian4 ,julius ,africanus 7,emmaus7 #a #a ,orig5 #dfj #dia ,pamphilus ( ,caes>ea #e #a ,eusebius ( ,caes>ea #cae #bad ---- ---- #gha #gjg ,! lessons sugge/$ by ! gr\ps ( ,fa!rs j assembl$ are n[ suffici5tly cle>4 ,i4 ,! orig9al pr$om9ance ( ! ,traditional ,text is %ewn 9 ! li/ giv5 ( ! e>lie/ ,fa!rs4 ,_! record proves t 9 _! writ+s1 & s 9 ! ,*ur* g5]ally1 corruption _h made itself felt 9 ! e>lie/ times1 b t ! pure wat]s g5]ally prevail$4 ,,ii4 ,! tradition is also c>ri$ on ?r\gh ! majority ( ! ,fa!rs :o succe$$ !m4 ,!re is no break or int]val3 ! witness is cont9u\s4 ,aga91 n ! slighte/ confirmation is giv5 to ,dr4 ,hort's notion t a revision or rec5sion 0 def9itely accompli%$ at ,antio* 9 ! middle ( ! f\r? c5tury4 ,!re 0 a gradual improvem5t1 z ! ,traditional ,text gradually e/abli%$ itself aga9/ ! =w>d & p]si/5t intrusion ( corruption4 ,b x is difficult1 if n altoge!r impossible1 to discov] a ripple on ! surface betok5+ any movem5t 9 ! dep?s su* z a revision or rec5sion w\ld necessitate4 ,,iii4 ,a s\rce ( corruption is f\nd 9 ,l[-,lat9 ,,mss4 & especially 9 ,africa4 ,! evid5ce ( ! ,fa!rs %ews t x does n appe> to h be5 s g5]al z ! "n 8,we/]n0 w\ld sugge/4 ,b ?is w be a subject ( future inve/igation4 ,!re seems to h be5 a connexion betwe5 "s p>ts ( ! ,we/ 9 ?is respect ) ,syria1 or r ) "p ( ,syria4 ,,iv4 ,ano!r s\rce ( corruption is fix$ at ,alex&ria4 ,?is1 z 9 ! la/ case1 is exactly :at we %\ld expect1 & w dem& m exam9ation4 ,v4 ,syria & ,egypt1--,europe1 ,asia1 & ,africa1--seem to meet 9 ,pale/9e "u ,orig54 ,b ?is po9ts to a lat] "t 9 ! p]iod "u inve/igation4 ,we mu/ n[ ga!r up ! depositions ( ! e>lie/ ,v]sions4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,! ,,antiquity ,,( ,,! ,,traditional ,,text4 ,,ii4 ,,witness ,,( ,,! ,,e>ly ,,syriac ,,v]sions4 ,! rise ( ,*ri/ianity & ! spread ( ! ,*ur* 9 ,syria 0 />tl+ 9 its rapidity4 ,damascus & ,antio* %ot up sudd5ly into prom95ce z c5tres ( ,*ri/ian zeal1 z if !y _h gr[n :il/ m5 slept4 ,! arrangem5t ( places & ev5ts :i* occurr$ dur+ our ,"l's ,m9i/ry mu/ h pav$ ! way to ?is success1 at lea/ z reg>ds pr9cipally ! ne>] ( ! two cities j m5tion$4 ,galilee1 ! sc5e ( ! fir/ ye> ( ,8 ,m9i/ry--8! acceptable ye> ( ! ,"l0--?r\gh its vic9ity to ,syria 0 admirably calculat$ = lay+ ! f\ndation ( su* a developm5t4 ,! fame ( ,8 miracles & tea*+ ext5d$ f> into ! c\ntry4 ,mu* t ,he said & did happ5$ on ! ,syrian side ( ! ,sea ( ,galilee4 ,especially 0 ?is ! case :51 aft] ! dea? ( ,john ! ,bapti/ _h %$ con/]nation 9 ! ranks ( ,8 foll[]s1 & ! ,galilean populace refus$ to accompany ,him 9 ,8 high] tea*+1 & ! wiles ( ,h]od 7 add$ z a s\rce ( appreh5sion to ! bitt] opposition ( ,scribes & ,ph>isees1 ,he sp5t "s mon?s betwe5 ! ,passov] & ! ,fea/ ( ,tab]nacles 9 ! nor? & nor?-ea/ ( ,pale/9e4 ,if ,damascus 0 n "o ( ! 8t5 cities7#ade710 yet ! report ( ,8 twice fe$+ ?\s&s1 & ( ,8 /ay at ,caes>ea ,philippi & 9 ! neighb\rhood7#adf7 ( ,h]mon1 mu/ h rea*$ t city4 ,! se$ mu/ h be5 s[n :i* aft]w>ds sprang up m5 knew n h[4 ,besides ! evid5ce 9 ! ,acts ( ! ,apo/les1 accord+ to :i* ,antio* foll[+ ^u ,damascus became a basis ( mission>y ef=t h>dly second to ,j]usalem1 ! records & leg5ds ( ! ,*ur* 9 ,syria leave b little d\bt t x soon spread ov] ! region r\nd ab\t4 ,! /ories relat+ to ,abg> k+ ( ,edessa1 ! fame ( ,/4 ,addaeus or ,?addaeus z witness$ p>ticul>ly by 8 ,liturgy & 8,doctr9e10 & v>i\s o!r ,apocryphal ,works7#adg71 leave no d\bt ab\t ! v e>ly ext5sion ( ! ,*ur* ?r\gh\t ,syria4 ,z long z ,aramaic 0 ! *ief vehicle ( in/ruction1 ,syrian ,*ri/ians mo/ likely dep5d$ ^u _! neighb\rs 9 ,pale/9e = oral & writt5 tea*+4 ,b :5--probably ab\t ! "t ( ! inve/m5t ( ,j]usalem by ,vespasian & ,titus & ! tempor>y removal ( ! ,*ur*'s c5tre to ,pella--?r\gh ! c>e ( ,/4 ,mat!w & ! o!r ,evangeli/s ! ,gospel 0 writt5 9 ,greek1 "s regul> translation 0 ne$$ & d\btless 0 made4 ,s f> bo? ,s*ools ( ,textual ,criticism are agre$4 ,! "q betwe5 !m is1 0 ?is ,translation ! ,pe%itto1 or 0 x ! ,curetonian8 ,an exam9ation into ! facts is requir$3 nei!r ,s*ool has any au?ority to issue decrees4 ,! argum5ts 9 fav\r ( ! ,curetonian be+ ! olde/ =m ( ! ,syriac ,new ,te/am5t1 & ( ! =mation ( ! ,pe%itto 9 its pres5t condition f x1 _c be pron\nc$ to be /rong by any "o :o is accu/om$ to weigh disputation4 ,d\btless ?is weakness or in/ability may ) tru? be trac$ to ! nature ( ! case1 :i* w n yield a bett] h>ve/ ev5 to ! critical +5uity ( our oppon5ts4 ,may x n ) tru? be said to be a symptom ( a feeble cause8 ,^? argum5ts are ma9ly conc]n$ ) ! int]nal "* ( ! two texts4 ,x is ass]t$7#adh7 7#a7 t ! ,curetonian 0 old] ?an ! ,pe%itto :i* 0 br\ght aft]w>ds into clos] proximity ) ! ,greek4 ,to ?is we may reply1 t ! tru? ( ?is plea dep5ds ^u ! nature ( ! revision ?us claim$7#adi74 ,dr4 ,hort 0 p]fectly logical :5 he sugge/$1 or r ass]t$ dogmatically1 t su* a dra/ic revision z 0 necess>y = turn+ ! ,curetonian into ! ,pe%itto 0 made 9 ! ?ird c5tury at ,edessa or ,nisibis4 ,! difficulty lay 9 8 manufactur+ hi/ory to suit 8 purpose1 in/ead ( foll[+ x4 ,! fact is1 t ! int]nal diff]5ce betwe5 ! text ( ! ,curetonian & ! ,pe%itto is s great1 t ! =m] c\ld only h aris5 9 v que] times su* z ! e>lie/1 :5 inaccuracy & loos5ess1 infidelity & p]v]s5ess1 might h be5 answ]able = any?+4 ,9 fact1 ! ,curetonian mu/ h be5 an adult]ation ( ! ,pe%itto1 or x mu/ h be5 p>tly an indep5d5t translation help$ f o!r s\rces3 f ! "* ( ! text x c\ld n h giv5 rise to x7#aej74 ,aga91 :5 7#b7 ,cureton lays /ress ^u 8c]ta9 peculi>ities 9 ! orig9al ,hebrew :i* are f\nd 9 ?is text1 b n 9 ! ,greek10 he has n f\nd o!rs to foll[ him1 & 7#c7 ! suppos$ agreem5t ) ! ,apocryphal ,gospel accord+ to ! ,hebrews1 z reg>ds any results to be d$uc$ f x1 is ( a simil>ly slipp]y nature4 ,x w be be/ to give 8 la/ argum5t 9 8 own words3--8,x is ! int]nal evid5ce af=d$ by ! fact t ^u comp>+ ?is text ) ! ,greek ( ,/4 ,mat!w & ! p>allel passages ( ,/4 ,m>k & ,/4 ,luke1 !y are f\nd to exhibit ! same ph5om5a :i* we %\ld1 a priori1 expect c]ta9ly to discov]1 _h we ! pla9e/ & mo/ incontrov]tible te/imony t !y are all 9 reality translations f su* an ,aramaic orig9al z ?is40 ,he seems "h to be try+ to e/abli% 8 position t ! ,curetonian 0 at lea/ bas$ on ! ,hebrew orig9al ( ,/4 ,mat!w1 to :i* he did n succe$ 9 br++ ov] any s*ol>s4 ,! read] w see t we ne$ n l+] ^u ^! argum5ts4 ,:5 int]pret$ mo/ fav\rably !y c>ry u only a v %ort way t[>ds ! de?ronem5t ( ! great ,pe%itto1 & ! in/alm5t ( ! little ,curetonian ^u ! seat ( judgem5t4 ,b !re is m 9 :at o!r s*ol>s h advanc$4 ,!re are resemblances betwe5 ! ,curetonian1 "s ( ! ,old-,lat9 texts1 ! ,codex ,bezae1 & p]haps ,tatian's ,diatess>on1 :i* lead u to assign an e>ly orig9 to _m ( ! peculi> read+s 9 ?is manuscript4 ,yet !re is no reason1 b all ! rev]se1 = suppos+ t ! ,pe%itto & ! ,curetonian 7 relat$ to "o ano!r 9 l9e-desc5t4 ,! age ( "o ne$ h no?+ to d ) ! age ( ! o!r4 ,! !ory ( ! ,pe%itto be+ d]iv$ f ! ,curetonian ?r\gh a process ( revision l t ( ,j]ome con/itut+ a ,vulgate re/s ^u a false p>allel7#aea74 ,!re are1 or 71 multitudes ( ,old-,lat9 ,texts1 :i* 9 _! confusion call$ = "s rec5sion3 we only "k ( two 9 ,syriac :i* c\ld possibly h come into consid]ation4 ,( ^!1 ! ,curetonian is b a fragm5t3 & ! ,codex ,lewisianus1 ?\gh x includes ! great] "p ( ! ,f\r ,gospels1 yet reckons s _m omissions 9 important p>ts1 has be5 s det]m9$ly mutilat$1 & above all is s utt]ly h]etical7#aeb71 t x mu/ be altoge!r reject$ f ! circle ( pur] texts ( ! ,gospels4 ,! disappo9tm5t caus$ to ! adh]5ts ( ! ,curetonian1 by ! failure ( ! fre% ,,ms4 :i* _h be5 look$ = ) ard5t hopes to satisfy expectation1 may be imag9$4 ,noscitur a sociis3 ! ,curetonian is admitt$ by all to be closely alli$ to x1 & mu/ %>e 9 ! ignom9y ( its companion1 at lea/ to su* an ext5t z to be exclud$ f ! prog5itors ( a ,text s ne> to ! ,traditional ,text z ! ,pe%itto mu/ ev] h be57#aec74 ,b :at is ! position :i* ! ,pe%itto has occupi$ till ! middle ( ! pres5t c5tury8 ,:at is ! evid5ce ( facts on :i* we mu/ adjudicate its claim8 ,till ! "t ( ,cureton1 x has be5 reg>d$ z ! ,syriac ,v]sion1 adopt$ at ! "t :5 ! translation ( ! ,new ,te/am5t 0 made into t language1 :i* mu/ h be5 ei!r ! e>ly "p ( ! second c5tury1 or ! end ( ! fir/1--adopt$ too 9 ! ,un*angeable ,ea/1 & nev] depos$ f its pr\d position4 ,x c be trac$ by facts ( hi/ory or by actual docum5ts to ! beg9n+ ( ! gold5 p]iod ( ,syriac ,lit]ature 9 ! fif? c5tury1 :5 x is f\nd to be firm 9 its sway1 & x is f> f be+ des]t$ by te/imony suffici5t to track x into ! e>li] ages ( ! ,*ur*4 ,! ,pe%itto 9 our own days is f\nd 9 use among/ ! ,ne/orians :o h always kept to x7#aed71 by ! ,monophysites on ! pla9s ( ,syria1 ! ,*ri/ians ( ,/4 ,?omas 9 ,malab>1 & by 8! ,m>onites on ! m\nta9-t]races ( ,lebanon7#aee740 ,( ^!1 ! ,m>onites take u back to ! beg9n+ ( ! eigh? c5tury :5 !y z ,mono!lites sep>at$ f ! ,ea/]n ,*ur*2 ! ,monophysites to ! middle ( ! fif? c5tury2 ! ,ne/orians to an e>li] date 9 ! same c5tury4 ,ho/ile z ! two latt] 7 to "o ano!r1 !y w\ld n h agre$ 9 read+ ! same ,v]sion ( ! ,new ,te/am5t if t _h n be5 well e/abli%$ at ! p]iod ( _! sep>ation4 ,nor w\ld x h be5 ?us firmly e/abli%$1 if x _h n by t "t be5 g5]ally receiv$ 9 ! c\ntry = a long s]ies ( ye>s4 ,b ! same conclusion is rea*$ 9 ! indubitable pro( af=d$ by ! ,,mss4 ( ! ,pe%itto ,v]sion :i* exi/1 dat+ f ! fif? c5tury or !reab\ts4 ,mr4 ,gwilliam 9 ! ?ird volume ( ,/udia ,biblica et ,ecclesia/ica7#aef7 m5tions two ,,mss4 dat+ ab\t #dej ,a4,d41 besides f\r ( ! fif? or six? c5tury1 "o ( ! latt]1 & ?ree :i* be> actual dates also ( ! six?4 ,^!1 ) ! exception ( "o 9 ! ,vatican & "o belong+ to ! ,e>l ( ,craw=d1 are f ! ,briti% ,museum alone7#aeg74 ,s t accord+ to ! manuscriptal evid5ce ! treasures ( little m ?an "o libr>y 9 ! _w exhibit a v app>atus criticus = ! ,pe%itto1 :il/ ! ,curetonian c boa/ only "o manuscript & t 9 fragm5ts1 ?\gh ( ! fif? c5tury4 ,& x foll[s too f ?is /atem5t1 t :]eas only sev5 uncials ( any size c be produc$ f all p>ts ( ! _w ( ! ,greek ,text ( ! ,new ,te/am5t be=e ! end ( ! six? c5tury1 no less ?an elev5 or r twelve ( ! ,pe%itto c be produc$ already be=e ! same date4 ,d\btless ! ,greek ,text c boa/ c]ta9ly two1 p]haps ?ree1 ( ! f\r? c5tury3 b ! fact _c b be tak5 to be v rem>kable1 z prov+1 :5 comp>$ ) ! univ]sal ,greek orig9al1 h[ /rongly ! local ,pe%itto ,v]sion 0 e/abli%$ 9 ! c5tury 9 :i* 8comm5ces ! native hi/orical lit]ature ( ,syria7#aeh740 ,! comm&+ position ?us occupi$ leads back virtually a long way4 ,*anges are difficult to introduce 9 8! un*angeable ,ea/40 ,accord+ly1 ! use ( ! ,pe%itto is atte/$ 9 ! f\r? c5tury by ,ephraem ,syrus & ,aphraates4 ,ephraem 89 ! ma9 us$ ! ,pe%itto text0--is ! conclusion drawn by ,mr4 ,f4 ,h4 ,woods 9 ! ?ird volume ( ,/udia ,biblica7#aei74 ,& z f> z ,i may judge f a comp>ison ( read+s7#afj71 ,aphraates witnesses = ! ,traditional ,text1 ) :i* ! ,pe%itto ma9ly agrees1 tw5ty-f\r times z aga9/ f\r4 ,! ,pe%itto ?us reckons z its support]s ! two e>lie/ ( ! ,syrian ,fa!rs4 ,b ! c\rse ( ! exam9ation ( all ! primitive ,fa!rs z exhibit$ 9 ! la/ section ( ?is "w sugge/s also ano!r & an e>li] confirmation ( ! position "h tak54 ,x is well kn[n t ! ,pe%itto is ma9ly 9 agreem5t ) ! ,traditional ,text4 ,:at !re=e proves "o1 virtually proves ! o!r4 ,if ! text 9 ! latt] case is dom9ant1 x mu/ also be 9 ! =m]4 ,if1 z ,dr4 ,hort admits1 ! ,traditional ,text prevail$ at ,antio* f ! middle ( ! f\r? c5tury1 is x n m probable t x %\ld h be5 ! cont9uance ( ! text f ! e>lie/ times1 ?an t a *ange %\ld h be5 made )\t a record 9 hi/ory1 & t 9 a "p ( ! _w :i* has be5 always ali5 to *ange8 ,b besides ! g5]al traces ( ! ,traditional ,text left 9 patri/ic writ+s 9 o!r di/ricts ( ! ,*ur*1 we are n )\t special pro(s 9 ! p>ts ab\t ,syria4 ,?\gh ! pro(s are slight1 !y occur 9 a p]iod :i* 9 o!r respects 0 = ! pres5t purpose almo/ 8a b>r5 & dry l& :]e no wat] is40 ,me?odius1 bi%op ( ,tyre 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! f\r? c5tury1 ,ar*elaus1 bi%op 9 ,mesopotamia 9 ! latt] half ( ! ?ird1 ! ,synodus ,antio*5a 9 ,a4,d4 #bfe1 at a great] di/ance ,gregory ,?aumaturgus ( ,neocaes>ea 9 ,pontus :o fl\ri%$ ab\t #bdc & pass$ "s "t at ,caes>ea 9 ,pale/9e1 are f\nd to h us$ ma9ly ,traditional ,,mss4 9 ,greek1 & consequ5tly witness to ! use ( ! daught] text 9 ,syriac4 ,among/ ^? :o employ$ diff]5t texts 9 ne>ly equal proportions 7 ,orig5 :o pass$ 8 lat] ye>s at ,caes>ea & ,ju/9 :o issu$ f ! site ( ,sy*>4 ,nor is !re reason1 :atev] has be5 said1 to reject ! ref]5ce made by ,melito ( ,s>dis ab\t ,a4,d4 #agj 9 ! words 4 ,at ! v lea/1 ! ,pe%itto falls m naturally into ! l>g] te/imony borne by ! quotations 9 ! ,fa!rs1 ?an w\ld a text ( su* a "* z t :i* we f9d 9 ! ,curetonian or ! ,lewis ,codex4 ,b inde$1 is x n surpris+ t ! petty ,curetonian ) its s+le fragm5t>y manuscript1 & at ! be/ its %ort hi/ory1 ev5 ) s discr$itable an ally z ! ,lewis ,codex1 %\ld try conclusions ) :at we may fairly t]m ! colossal ,pe%itto8 ,h[ is x possible t "o or two su* little rills %\ld fill s great a *annel8 ,b !re is ano!r solution ( ! difficulty :i* has be5 advocat$ by ! adh]5ts ( ! ,curetonian 9 "s qu>t]s s9ce ! discov]y made by ,mrs4 ,lewis4 ,x is urg$ t !re is an orig9al ,syriac ,text :i* lies at ! back ( ! ,curetonian & ! ,codex ,lewisianus1 & t ?is text possesses also ! witness ( ! ,diatess>on ( ,tatian3--t ^? ,,mss4 !mselves are lat]1 b t ! ,text ( :i* !y give simil> yet indep5d5t specim5s is ! ,old ,syriac1--! fir/ ,v]sion made f ! ,gospels 9 ! e>lie/ ages ( ! ,*ur*4 ,! evid5ce advanc$ 9 fav\r ( ?is position is ( a speculative & vague nature1 & moreov] is n always advanc$ ) accuracy4 ,x is n 8! simple fact t no purely #8,antio*5e' i4e4 ,traditional read+ occurs 9 ! ,s9ai ,palimpse/7#afa740 ,x is n true t 89 ! ,diatess>on ,joseph & ,m>y are nev] spok5 ( z husb& & wife10 because 9 ,/4 ,matt4 i4 #ai ,joseph is expressly call$ 8h] husb&10 & 9 v]se #bd x is said t ,joseph 8took unto him ,m>y 8 wife40 ,x %\ld be obs]v$ t besides a resemblance betwe5 ! ?ree docum5ts 9 "q1 !re is mu* div]g5ce4 ,! ,c]9?ian h]esy1 :i* is spread mu* m widely ov] ! ,lewis ,codex ?an its adh]5ts l to ackn[l$ge1 is abs5t f ! o!r two4 ,! int]polations ( ! ,curetonian are n adopt$ by ! rema9+ memb]s ( ! trio4 ,! ,diatess>on1 z f> z we c judge1--= we possess no copy ei!r 9 ,greek or 9 ,syriac1 b are oblig$ to dep5d ^u two ,arabic ,v]sions edit$ rec5tly by ,ago/9o ,ciasca1 a ,lat9 ,translation ( a comm5t>y on x by ,ephraem ,syrus1 & quotations made by ,aphraates or ,jacobus ,nisib5us--1 diff]s v l>gely f ei!r4 ,t !re is "s resemblance betwe5 ! ?ree we admit3 & t ! two ,codexes are m or less made up f v e>ly read+s1 :i* we hold to be corrupt1 we d n d5y4 ,:at we ass]t is1 t x has nev] yet be5 prov$ t a regul> ,text 9 ,syriac c be con/ruct$ out ( ^! docum5ts :i* w\ld pass mu/] z ! g5u9e ,text ( ! ,gospels2 & t1 especially 9 ! light %$ by ! /rangely h]etical "* ( "o ( ! lead+ associates1 su* a text1 if compos$1 _c ) any probability h =m$ any /age 9 ! transmission ( ! pure text ( ! orig9al ,v]sion 9 ,syriac to ! pages ( ! ,pe%itto4 ,if corruption exi/$ 9 ! e>lie/ ages1 s did purity4 ,! ,^w ( ,,god c\ld n h be5 dragg$ only ?r\gh ! mire4 ,we are ?us driv5 to dep5d ^u ! lead+ hi/orical facts ( ! case4 ,:at we d "k )\t "q is ?is3--,ab\t ! ye> #agj ,a4,d41 ,tatian :o _h soj\rn$ = "s "t at ,rome drew up 8 ,diatess>on1 :i* is f\nd 9 ! e>li] half ( ! ?ird c5tury to h be5 read 9 ,div9e s]vice at ,edessa7#afb74 ,?is "w 0 curr5t 9 "s p>ts ( ,syria 9 ! "t ( ,eusebius7#afc71 to :i* ass]tion "s evid5ce is add$ by ,epiphanius7#afd74 ,rabbla1 bi%op ( ,edessa1 ,a4,d4 #dab-dce7afe71 ord]$ ! presbyt]s & deacons ( 8 diocese to provide copies ( ! di/9ct or ,mph>r%e ,gospels4 ,!odoret1 ,bi%op ( ,cyrrhus ne> ! ,euphrates7#aff71 writes 9 #dec ,a4,d41 t he _h turn$ out ab\t two hundr$ copies ( ,tatian's ,diatess>on f 8 *ur*es1 & _h put ! ,gospels ( ! f\r ,evangeli/s 9 _! place4 ,^! acc\nts are confirm$ by ! te/imony ( _m subsequ5t writ]s1 ^: words toge!r ) ^? to :i* ref]5ce has j be5 made may be se5 9 ,mr4 ,hamlyn ,hill's book on ! ,diatess>on7#afg74 ,x mu/ be add$1 t 9 ! ,curetonian we f9d 8,! ,mph>r%a ,gospel ( ,mat!w7#afh710 & ! ,lewis ,v]sion is t]m$ 8,! ,gospel ( ! ,mph>r%e f\r books02 & t !y 7 writt5 9 ! fif? c5tury4 ,su* are ! *ief facts3 :at is ! evid5t coroll>y8 ,surely1 t ^! two ,codexes1 :i* 7 writt5 at ! v "t :5 ! ,diatess>on ( ,tatian 0 ca/ out ( ! ,syrian ,*ur*es1 7 writt5 purposely1 & possibly among/ _m o!r ,,mss4 made at ! same "t1 to supply ! place ( x--copies ( ! ,mph>r%e1 i4e4 ,di/9ct or ,sep>ate7#afi7 ,gospels1 to replace ! ,mhallte or ,gospel ( ! ,mix$4 ,:5 ! sockets are f\nd to h be5 prep>$ & m>k$1 & ! pill>s lie fitt$ & labell$1 :at else c we d ?an slip ! pill>s into _! own sockets8 ,!y 7 n v successful attempts1 z might h be5 expect$1 s9ce ! ,pe%itto1 or 9 "s places among/ ! ,jacobites ! ,philox5ian or ,h>kleian1 entirely supplant$ !m 9 future use1 & !y lay hidd5 = c5turies till s$ul\s inquiry une>!d !m1 & ! +5uity ( critics inve/$ !m ) an importance n _! own7#agj74 ,:at 0 ! orig9 ( ! mass ( float+ read+s1 ( :i* "s 7 transf]r$ into ! text ( ^! two ,codexes1 w be consid]$ 9 ! next section4 ,/ud5ts %\ld be caution$ aga9/ inf]r+ t ! ,diatess>on 0 read 9 s]vice ?r\gh\t ,syria4 ,!re is no evid5ce to w>rant su* a conclusion4 ,! m5tion ( ,edessa & ,cyrrhus po9t to ! c\ntry ne> ! upp] ,euphrates2 & ! expression ( ,!odoret1 relat+ to ! ,diatess>on be+ us$ 89 *ur*es ( our p>ts10 seems to h9t at a circumscrib$ region4 ,pl5ty ( room 0 left = a pr$om9ant use ( ! ,pe%itto1 s f> z we "k3 & no reason on t score c be adduc$ to c\nt]balance ! =ce ( ! argum5ts giv5 9 ?is section 9 fav\r ( ! exi/5ce f ! beg9n+ ( t great ,v]sion4 ,yet "s critics endeav\r to repres5t t ! ,pe%itto 0 br\ght fir/ into prom95ce ^u ! sup]session ( ! ,diatess>on1 ?\gh x is nev] f\nd "u ! special title ( ,mph>r%a4 ,:at is ?is b to disreg>d ! h&po/s ( hi/ory 9 fav\r ( a pet !ory8 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,! ,,antiquity ,,( ,,! ,,traditional ,,text4 ,,iii4 ,,witness ,,( ,,! ,,we/]n ,,or ,,syrio-,,l[-,,lat9 ,,text4 ,!re are problems 9 :at is usually t]m$ ! ,we/]n ,text ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 :i* h n yet1 z ,i believe1 receiv$ satisfactory treatm5t4 ,critics1 includ+ ev5 ,dr4 ,scriv5]7#aga71 h too readily accept$ ,wiseman's conclusion7#agb71 t ! num]\s ,lat9 ,texts all come f "o /em1 9 fact t !re 0 orig9ally only "o ,old-,lat9 ,v]sion1 n sev]al4 ,t ?is is at fir/ sight ! conclusion press$ ^u ! m9d ( ! inquir]1 ,i readily admit4 ,! words & phrases1 ! g5]al ca/ & fl[ ( ! s5t5ces1 are s simil> 9 ^! texts1 t x seems at ! outset extremely difficult to resi/ ! inf]5ce t all ( !m began f ! same translation1 & t ! diff]5ces betwe5 !m arose f ! cont9u$ effect ( v>i\s & peculi> circum/ances ^u !m & f a long c\rse ( copy+4 ,b exam9ation w reveal on bett] acqua9tance c]ta9 ob/9ate features :i* w n all[ u to be guid$ by fir/ appe>ances4 ,& be=e inve/igat+ ^!1 we may note t !re are "s consid]ations ( a g5]al "* :i* take ! edge (f ?is ph5om5on4 ,suppos+ t ,old-,lat9 ,texts _h a multi=m orig91 !y mu/ h gravitat$ t[>ds m uni=mity ( expression3 int]c\rse betwe5 ,*ri/ians :o us$ diff]5t translations ( a s+le orig9al mu/1 9 unimportant po9ts at lea/1 h l$ !m to great] agreem5t4 ,besides ?is1 ! id5tity ( ! v5]at$ orig9al 9 all ! cases1 except :]e diff]5t read+s _h crept into ! ,greek1 mu/ h produc$ a con/ant lik5ess to "o ano!r1 9 all translations made into ! same language & meant to be fai?ful4 ,if on ! o!r h& !re 7 num]\s ,v]sions1 x is cle> t 9 ^? :i* h desc5d$ to u !re mu/ h be5 a survival ( ! fitte/4 ,b x is n[ necess>y to look closely into ! evid5ce1 = ! answ]s to all problems mu/ dep5d ^u t1 & ^u no?+ b t4 ,! fir/ po9t t /rikes u is t !re is 9 ?is respect a g5]ic diff]5ce betwe5 ! o!r ,v]sions & ! ,old-,lat94 ,! =m] are 9 ea* case "o1 ) no suspicion ( v>i\s orig9ation4 ,go?ic1 ,bohairic1 ,sahidic1 ,arm5ian 7?\gh ! jo9t "w ( ,sahak & ,mesrop & ,eznik & o!rs71 ,e?iopic1 ,slavonic3--ea* is "o ,v]sion & came f "o g5]al s\rce )\t d\bt or "q4 ,codexes may diff]3 t is m]ely )9 ! range ( transcriptional accuracy1 & has no?+ to d ) ! mak+ ( ! ,v]sion4 ,b !re is no preem95t ,v]sion 9 ! ,old-,lat9 field4 ,v>i\s texts compete ) diff]5ce en\gh to raise ! "q4 ,^u disput$ read+s !y usually give discordant v]dicts4 ,& ?is discord is f\nd1 n z 9 ,greek ,codexes :]e ! te/ify+ ,,mss4 g5]ally divide into two ho/ile bodies1 b 9 great] & m irregul> discrepancy4 ,_! v>i$ "* may be se5 9 ! foll[+ ,table includ+ ! ,texts employ$ by ,tis*5dorf1 :i* has be5 con/ruct$ f t s*ol>'s notes ^u ! basis ( ! *ief passages 9 dispute1 z reveal$ 9 ! text ( ! ,revis$ ,v]sion ?r\gh\t ! ,gospels1 ! /&>d be+ ! ,textus ,receptus3-- ,brixianus1 f #bhf_/ed7agc7 ab\t #af_/c ,monac5sis1 q #bee_/ig #e_/b ,cl>omontanus1 h 7only 9 ,/4 ,matt47 #df_/bf #e_/c ,colb]t9us1 c #afe_/aeb ab\t #ad_/ac ,fragm4 ,sangall4 n #f_/f #a ,v]on5sis1 b #abd_/ahd #b_/c ,sang]man5sis ,,ii1 g#b #bd_/cf #b_/c ,corbei5sis ,,ii1 ff#b #aac_/ahj #b_/c - ,sang]man5sis ,i1 g#b #bg_/df #c_/e - ,rehdig]anus1 ,i #ajd_/afd #e_/h ,v9dobon5sis1 i #cg_/gb #a_/b ,v]cell5sis1 a #ajj_/bad #a_/b - ,corbei5sis ,i1 ff#a #cg_/gc #a_/b - ,speculum1 m #h_/ah #a_/b - ,palat9us1 e #dh_/acj #a_/c ,frag4 ,ambrosiana1 s #b_/f #a_/c ,bobi5sis1 k #be_/ic #a_/d ,look+ dispassionately at ?is ,table1 ! read] w surely obs]ve t ^! ,,mss4 %ade (f f "o ano!r by int]vals ( a some:at simil> "*4 ,!y d n fall readily into classes3 s t if ! ?reefold division ( ,dr4 ,hort is adopt$1 x mu/ be employ$ z n mean+ v mu*4 ,! appe>ances are aga9/ all be+ d]iv$ f ! extreme left or f ! extreme "r4 ,& "s curr5t modes ( ?\ght mu/ be gu>d$ aga9/1 z = in/ance :5 a s*ol> rec5tly laid d[n z an axiom :i* all critics w\ld admit1 t k might be tak5 z ! repres5tative ( ! ,old-,lat9 ,texts1 :i* w\ld be ab\t z true z if ,mr4 ,lab\*]e at ! pres5t day 7 said to repres5t 9 op9ion ! ,memb]s ( ! ,h\se ( ,commons4 ,! sporadic nature ( ^! ,texts may be fur!r exhibit$1 if we take ! ?irty passages :i* help$ u 9 ! second section ( ?is *apt]4 ,! atte/ation yield$ by ! ,old-,lat9 ,,mss4 w help /ill m 9 ! exhibition ( _! "*4 ,traditional4 ,neologian4 ,/4 ,matt4 i4 #be f4 ff#a4 g#b4 q4 b4 c4 g#a4 k4 v4 #dd 7#a7 c4 f4 h4 a4 b4 ff#a4 g#a4b4 k4 l4 7#b7 a4 b4 c4 f4 h4 vi4 #ac f4 g#a4 q4 a4 b4 c4 ff#a4 g#b4 l4 vii4 #ac f4 ff#b4 g#a4b4 q4 a4 b4 c4 h4 k4 m4 ix4 #ac c4 g#a4b4 a4 b4 f4 ff#a4 h4 k4 l4 q4 xi4 #bg ,all4 xvii4 #ba 8,mo/0 a4 b4 c4 e4 ff#a4 787 g#a4 xviii4 #aa e4 ff#a4 xix4 #ag 7#a7 b4 c4 f4 ff#b4 a4 e4 ff#a4 g#a4b4 h4 q4 7#b7 f4 q4 a4 b4 c4 e4 ff#a4b4 g#a4 h4 l4 7,vulg47 444 7#c7 4 f4 g#a4 m4 q4 b4c4ff#a4b4 g#a4 h4 l4 4 7,vulg47 xxiii4 #ch4 ,all--except ff#b4 7,lk4 xiii4 #ce7 xxvii4 #cd c4 f4 h4 q4 a4 b4 ff#a4b4 g#a4b4 l4 7,vulg47 xxviii4 #b f4 h4 a4 b4 c4 ff#a4b4 g#a4b4 l4 n4 #ai ,all4 ,/4 ,m>k i4 #b ,all4 xvi4 #i-bj ,all--except k4 ,/4 ,luke i4 #bh ,all4 ii4 #ad ,all4 x4 #da-db f4 g#a4b4 q4 7,vulg47 a4 b4 c4 e4 ff#b4 i4 l4 xxii4 #dc-dd a4 b4 c4 e4 ff#b4 g#a4b4 i4 f4 l4 q4 xxiii4 #cd c4 e4 f4 ff#b4 l4 a4 b4 d4 #ch ,all--except a4 #de a4 b4 c4 e4 f4 ff#b4 l4 q4 xxiv4 #dj c4 f4 q4 a4 b4 d4 e4 ff#b4 l4 #db a4 b4 f4 ff#b4 l4 q4 e4 ,/4 ,john i4 #c-d c4 7,vulg47 a4 b4 e4 ff#b4 q4 #ah a4 b4 c4 e4 f4 ff#b4 l4 q4 iii4 #ac ,all4 x4 #ad ,all4 xvii4 #bd ,all 7,vulg47 ,vulg4 ,,mss4 xxi4 #be ,all4 ,x w be obs]v$ t 9 all ( ^! ?irty passages1 ,old-,lat9 ,,mss4 witness on bo? sides & 9 a sporadic way1 except 9 ?ree on ! ,traditional side & six on ! ,neologian side1 mak+ n9e 9 all aga9/ tw5ty-"o4 ,9 ?is respect !y /& 9 /rik+ contra/ ) all ! ,v]sions 9 o!r languages z exhibit+ a discordance 9 _! witness :i* is at ! v lea/ f> f sugge/+ a s+le s\rce1 if x be n :olly inconsi/5t ) su* a supposition4 ,aga91 ! v>iety ( synonyms f\nd 9 ^! texts is s great t !y c\ld n h aris5 except f v>iety ( orig94 ,copyi/s d n ins]t ad libitum diff]5t modes ( expression4 ,= example1 ,mr4 ,:ite has rem>k$ t is translat$ 89 no less ?an elev5 diff]5t ways10 or add+ argu]e1 9 twelve1 viz4 by admon]e em5d>e m9>i praecip]e comm9>i imp]>e obsecr>e prohib]e corrip]e7#agd7 increp>e objurg>e argu]e 7r74 ,x is true t "s ( ^! occur on ! same ,,ms41 b ! v>iety ( expression 9 p>allel passages h>dly agrees ) desc5t f a s+le prototype4 ,greek ,,mss4 diff] 9 read+s1 b n 9 ! same way4 ,simil>ly 1 :i* occurs1 z he tells u1 ?irty-sev5 times 9 ! ,gospels1 is r5d]$ by cl>ifico1 glorifico1 honorem accipio1 honorifico1 honoro1 magnifico1 "s passages pres5t+ f\r v>iations4 ,s aga91 x is impossible to und]/& h[ 9 ! phrase 7,/4 ,luke xxi4 #be7 c\ld h be5 translat$ by compressio 7,v]cell5sis1 a71 occursus 7,brixianus1 f71 pressura 7o!rs71 conflictio 7,bezae1 d71 if !y _h a common desc5t4 ,!y repres5t evid5tly ef=ts made by indep5d5t translators to express ! mean+ ( a difficult ^w4 ,:5 we meet ) possidebo & ha]$itabo = 7,/4 ,luke x4 #be7 lum5 & lux = 7,/4 ,john i4 #i71 ante galli cantum & antequam gallus cantet = 7,/4 ,matt4 xxvi4 #cd71 locum & pra$ium & 9 agro = 7xxvi4 #ce71 transf] a me calicem i/um & transeat a me calix i/e = 7xxvi4 #ci72--:5 we fall ^u vox v5it de caelis1 vox facta e/ de caelis1 vox de caelo facta e/1 vox de caelis1 & ! l2 or qui mihi b5e complacui/i1 *>issimus 9 te complacui1 dilectus 9 quo b5e placuit mihi1 dilectus 9 te b5e s5si 7,/4 ,m>k i4 #aa71 or adsumpsit 7autem 444 duodecim71 adsum5s1 convocatis 7,/4 ,luke xviii4 #ca7 x is cle> t ^! & ! in/ances ( ! same sort occurr+ ev]y:]e 9 ! ,old-,lat9 ,texts mu/ be tak5 z f+]-po/s po9t+ 9 _m directions4 ,v>i\s read+s 9 ,greek ,codexes pres5t1 n a p>allel1 b a %>p contra/4 ,no su* pr(usion ( synonyms c be produc$ f !m4 ,! argum5ts :i* ! ,old-,lat9 ,texts supply int]nally ab\t !mselves are confirm$ exactly by ! direct evid5ce borne by ,/4 ,augu/9e & ,/4 ,j]ome4 ,! well-kn[n words ( ^? two great m5 :o mu/ be held to be compet5t depon5ts z to :at !y f\nd ar\nd !m1 ev5 if !y might fall into error ^u ! ev5ts ( previ\s ages1 prove 7#a7 t a v l>ge numb] ( texts !n exi/$1 7#b7 t !y diff]$ greatly f "o ano!r1 7#c7 t none _h any special au?ority1 & 7#d7 t translators work$ on _! own indep5d5t l9es7#age74 ,b !re is ! /ronge/ reason = inf]r+ t ,augu/9e 0 "r :5 he said1 t 89 ! e>lie/ days ( ! fai? :5ev] any ,greek codex fell into ! h&s ( any "o :o ?\ght t he _h slight famili>ity 7aliquantulum facultatis7 ) ,greek & ,lat91 he 0 bold en\gh to attempt to make a translation7#agf740 ,= :at else c\ld h happ5$ ?an :at ,/4 ,augu/9e says actually did take place8 ,! extraord9>y value & influ5ce ( ! sacr$ ,books ( ! ,new ,te/am5t became app>5t soon aft] _! publication4 ,!y 7 mo/ pot5t =ces 9 conv]t+ unbeliev]s3 !y sway$ ! lives & in=m$ ! m9ds ( ,*ri/ians3 !y 7 read 9 ! s]vices ( ! ,*ur*4 ,b copies 9 any numb]1 if at all1 c\ld n be ord]$ at ,antio*1 or ,ephesus1 or ,rome1 or ,alex&ria4 ,& at fir/ no d\bt translations into ,lat9 7 n to be _h4 ,*ri/ianity grew almo/ ( itself "u ! viewless action ( ! ,,holy ,,gho/3 !re 7 no adm9i/rative means ( mak+ provision4 ,b ! ,roman ,empire 0 to a great ext5t bil+ual4 ,_m m5 ( ,lat9 orig9 7 acqua9t$ m or less ) ,greek4 ,! army :i* furni%$ s _m conv]ts mu/ h reckon$ 9 its ranks1 :e!r z (fic]s or z ord9>y soldi]s1 a l>ge numb] :o 7 accompli%$ ,greek s*ol>s4 ,all evangeli/s & tea*]s w\ld h to expla9 ! new ,books to ^? :o did n und]/& ,greek4 ,! /eps 7 b %ort f oral to writt5 tea*+1 f answ]+ que/ions & giv+ exposition to mak+ regul> translations 9 fragm5ts or books & aft]w>ds ?r\gh\t ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,! resi/less en]gy ( ! ,*ri/ian fai? mu/ h dem&$ su* (fices on behalf ( ! ,lat9-speak+ memb]s ( ! ,*ur*1 & mu/ h produc$ hundr$s ( v]sions1 fragm5t>y & complete4 ,giv5 ! two languages side by side1 "u ! /ress ( ! necessity ( le>n+ & ! eag]ness to dr9k 9 ! ,words ( ,life1 ! in=mation giv5 by ,/4 ,augu/9e mu/ h be5 amply v]ifi$4 ,& ! only wond] is1 t s*ol>s h n paid m att5tion to ! witness ( t em95t ,fa!r1 & h miss$ see+ h[ natural & true x 04 ,x is in/ructive to trace h[ ! error arose4 ,x came *iefly1 if ,i mi/ake n1 f two +5i\s lett]s ( ,c>d9al ,wiseman1 !n a "y man1 & f ! famili>ity :i* !y display$ ) e>ly ,african ,lit]ature4 ,s ,la*mann1 ,tis*5dorf1 ,davidson1 ,tregelles1 ,scriv5]1 & ,we/cott & ,hort1 foll[$ him4 ,yet an error lies at ! root ( ,wiseman's argum5t :i*1 if ! ?+ _h appe>$ n[1 s*ol>s w\ld n h let pass un*all5g$ & uncorrect$4 ,because ! ,bobbian text agre$ 9 ! ma9 ) ! texts ( ,t]tullian1 ,cyprian1 ,arnobius1 & ,primasius1 ,wiseman assum$ t n only t text1 b also ! dialectic =ms involv$ 9 x1 7 peculi> to ,africa & took _! rise !re4 ,b z ,mr4 ,:ite has po9t$ out7#agg71 8t is because dur+ ?is p]iod we are dep5d5t almo/ exclusively on ,africa = our ,lat9 ,lit]ature40 ,moreov]1 z e accompli%$ ,lat9 s*ol> :o is acqua9t$ ) ! hi/ory ( ! language is aw>e1 ,l[-,lat9 took rise 9 ,italy1 :5 ! prov9cial dialects ( t ,p59sula sprang into prom95ce ^u ! comm5cem5t ( ! decay ( ! pure ,lat9 race1 occurr+ ?r\gh civil & =eign w>s & ! sangu9>y proscriptions1 & f ! consequ5t lapse 9 ! pr$om9ance 9 lit]ature ( ! pure ,lat9 ,language4 ,true1 t ! pure ,lat9 & ! ,l[-,lat9 cont9u$ side by side = a long "t1 ! =m] 9 ! be/ lit]ature1 & ! latt] 9 ev] increas+ volume4 ,:at is mo/ apposite to ! "q1 ! ,roman coloni/s 9 ,france1 ,spa91 ,portugal1 ,prov5ce1 & ,wala*ia1 consi/$ ma9ly ( ,italian blood :i* 0 n pure ,lat91 z is %ewn especially 9 ! vet]an soldi]s :o f "t to "t receiv$ grants ( l& f _! emp]ors or g5]als4 ,! six ,romance ,languages are ma9ly desc5d$ f ! prov9cial dialects ( ! ,italian ,p59sula4 ,x w\ld be contr>y to ! action ( =ces 9 hi/ory t su* & s /rong a *ange ( language %\ld h be5 effect$ 9 an outly+ prov9ce1 :]e ! inhabitants ma9ly spoke ano!r tongue altoge!r4 ,x is 9 ! highe/ degree improbable t a new =m ( ,lat9 %\ld h gr[n up 9 ,africa1 & %\ld h !nce spread across ! ,m$it]ranean1 & h c>ri$ its =ms ( spee* into p>ts ( ! ext5sive ,roman ,empire ) :i* ! c\ntry ( its bir? _h no natural communication4 ,l[-,lat9 0 ! e>ly product ( ! natural races 9 nor? & c5tral ,italy1 & f !nce foll[$ by well-kn[n *annels into ,africa & ,gaul & else:]e7#agh74 ,we %all f9d 9 ^! tru?s mu* light1 unless ,i am deceiv$1 to dispel our d>kness ^u ! ,we/]n text4 ,! be/ "p ( ,wiseman's lett]s occurs :]e he proves t ,/4 ,augu/9e us$ ,italian ,,mss4 belong+ to :at ! great ,bi%op ( ,hippo t]ms ! 8,itala10 & pron\nces to be ! be/ ( ! ,lat9 ,v]sions4 ,evid5tly ! 8,itala0 0 ! highe/ =m ( ,lat9 ,v]sion--highe/1 t is1 9 ! "* & elegance ( ! ,lat9 us$ 9 x1 & consequ5tly 9 ! correctness ( its r5d]+4 ,s "h we n[ see our way4 ,critics h always _h "s difficulty ab\t ,dr4 ,hort's 8,european0 class1 ?\gh !re is d\btless a special "* 9 b & its foll[+4 ,x appe>s n[ t !re is no necessity = any emb>rassm5t ab\t ! int]m$iate ,,mss41 because by unlocaliz+ ! text suppos$ to be ,african we h ! ,l[-,lat9 ,text prevail+ ov] ! less educat$ p>ts ( ,italy1 ov] ,africa1 & ov] ,gaul1 & o!r places away f ,rome & ,milan & ! o!r *ief c5tres4 ,beg9n+ ) ! ,itala1 ! o!r texts s9k gradually d[nw>ds1 till we rea* ! l[e/ ( all4 ,!re is ?us no b> 9 ! way ( connect+ t mo/ rem>kable product ( ! ,l[-,lat9 ,text1 ! ,codex ,bezae1 ) any o!rs1 because ! ,lat9 ,v]sion ( x /&s simply z "o ( ! ,l[-,lat9 gr\p4 ,ano!r difficulty is also remov$4 ,among/ ! mo/ int]e/+ & valuable contributions to ,sacr$ ,textual ,criticism t h come f ! f]tile conception & lucid argum5t ( ,mr4 ,r5del ,h>ris1 has be5 ! pro( ( a clos] connexion betwe5 ! ,l[-,lat9 ,text1 z ,i mu/ v5ture to call x1 & ! =m ( ,syrian ,text exhibit$ 9 ! ,curetonian ,v]sion1 :i* he has giv5 9 8 treatm5t ( ! ,f]r> ,gr\p ( ,greek ,,mss4 ,( c\rse ! g5]al connexion betwe5 ! two has be5 long kn[n to s*ol>s4 ,! resemblance betwe5 ! ,curetonian & ,tatian's ,diatess>on1 to :i* ! ,lewis ,codex mu/ n[ be add$1 on ! "o h&1 & on ! o!r ! less p]fect ,old-,lat9 ,texts is a commonplace 9 ,textual ,criticism4 ,b ,mr4 ,h>ris has also %ewn t !re 0 probably a ,syriacization ( ! ,codex ,bezae1 a view :i* has be5 /rongly confirm$ on g5]al po9ts by ,dr4 ,*ase3 & has fur!r discov]$ evid5ce t ! text ( ! ,f]r> ,gr\p ( ,cursives f\nd its way into & out ( ,syriac & c>ri$ back1 accord+ to ,mr4 ,h>ris' +5i\s sugge/ion1 traces ( its soj\rn !re4 ,dr4 ,*ase has v rec5tly %$ m light ^u ! subject 9 8 book call$ 8,! ,syro-,lat9 ,elem5t ( ! ,gospels7#agi740 ,s all ^! p>ticul>s exhibit 9 /rong light ! connexion betwe5 ! ,old-,lat9 & ! ,syriac4 ,if we are deal+1 n s mu* ) ! entire body ( ,we/]n ,texts1 b z ,i cont5d ) ! ,l[-,lat9 "p ( !m 9 its wide circulation1 !re is no difficulty 9 und]/&+ h[ su* a connexion arose4 ,! ,*ur* 9 ,rome %ot up z noiselessly z ! ,*ur*es ( ,damascus & ,antio*4 ,h[ & :y8 ,! key is giv5 9 ! sixte5? *apt] ( ,/4 ,paul's ,epi/le to ! ,romans4 ,h[ c\ld he h kn[n intimately s _m ( ! lead+ ,roman ,*ri/ians1 unless !y _h c>ri$ 8 tea*+ along ! road ( comm]ce f ,antio* to ,rome8 ,su* travell]s1 & !y w\ld by no means be conf9$ to ! days ( ,/4 ,paul1 w\ld und]/& ,syriac z well z ,lat94 ,! /ories & books1 told or writt5 9 ,aramaic1 mu/ h gone ?r\gh all ,syria1 rec\nt+ ! ?rill+ hi/ory ( r$emption be=e ! au?oriz$ acc\nts 7 giv5 9 ,greek4 ,accord+ly1 9 ! e>lie/ times translations mu/ h be5 made f ,aramaic or ,syriac into ,lat91 z aft]w>ds f ,greek4 ,?us a connexion betwe5 ! ,italian & ,syrian ,*ur*es1 & also betwe5 ! tea*+ giv5 9 ! two c\ntries1 mu/ h la9 emb$d$ 9 ! f\ndations ( _! common ,*ri/ianity1 & mu/ h ex]cis$ an influ5ce dur+ v _m ye>s aft]4 ,?is view ( ! int]connexion ( ! ,syrian & ,old-,lat9 read+s leads u on to :at mu/ h be5 at fir/ ! *ief orig9 ( corruption4 8,! rul]s d]id$ ,him03 8! common p he>d ,him gladly40 ,x does n1 ,i ?9k1 appe> probable t ! ,gospels 7 writt5 till aft] ,/4 ,paul left ,j]usalem = ,rome4 ,lit]ature ( a high k9d arose sl[ly 9 ! ,*ur*1 & ! great mission>y ,apo/le 0 ! pione]4 ,x is surely impossible t ! au?ors ( ! ,synoptic ,gospels %\ld h se5 "o ano!r's writ+s1 because 9 t case !y w\ld n h diff]$ s mu* f "o ano!r7#ahj74 ,! ef=t ( ,/4 ,luke 7,pref471 made probably dur+ ,/4 ,paul's imprisonm5t at ,caes>ea 7,acts xxiv4 #bc71 ?\gh he may n h complet$ 8 ,gospel !n1 mo/ likely /imulat$ ,/4 ,mat!w4 ,?us 9 "t ! au?oriz$ ,gospels 7 issu$1 n only to supply complete & connect$ acc\nts1 b to become accurate & /&>d editions ( :at _h hi!rto be5 spread abroad 9 %ort] or long] n>ratives1 & ) m or less correctness or error4 ,inde$1 x is cle> t be=e ! ,gospels 7 writt5 _m errone\s =ms ( ! /ories :i* made up ! oral or writt5 ,gospel mu/ h be5 9 vogue1 & t n[h]e are ^! m likely to h prevail$ ?an 9 ,syria1 :]e ! ,*ur* took root s rapidly & easily4 ,b ! read+s ?us propagat$1 ( :i* _m f\nd _! way1 especially 9 ! ,we/1 into ! word+ ( ! ,gospels be=e ,/4 ,*ryso/om1 nev] c\ld h ent]$ into ! pure succession4 ,"h & !re !y 7 int]lop]s & usurp]s1 & aft] ! mann] ( su* claimants1 _h to "s ext5t ! appe>ance ( hav+ sprung f ! g5u9e /ock4 ,b !y 7 eject$ dur+ ! p]iod elaps+ f ! f\r? to ! eigh? c5tury1 :5 ! ,text ( ! ,new ,te/am5t 0 gradually purifi$4 ,?is view is submitt$ to ,textual /ud5ts = v]ification4 ,we h n[ trac$ back ! ,traditional ,text to ! e>lie/ times4 ,! witness ( ! e>ly ,fa!rs has e/abli%$ ! conclusion t !re is n ! slighte/ unc]ta9ty ^u ?is po9t4 ,to d5y x is really a piece ( pure assumption4 ,x re/s ^u ! record ( facts4 ,nor is !re any reason = hesitation 9 conclud+ t ! c>e] ( ! ,pe%itto dates back 9 l mann]4 ,! ,lat9 ,texts1 l o!rs1 are ( two k9ds3 bo? ! ,traditional ,text & ! =ms ( corruption f9d a place 9 !m4 ,s t ! te/imony ( ^! great ,v]sions1 ,syriac & ,lat91 is add$ to ! te/imony ( ! ,fa!rs4 ,!re are no gr\nds = d\bt+ t ! causeway ( ! pure text ( ! ,holy ,gospels1 & by consequ5ce ( ! re/ ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 has /ood f> above ! m>%es on ei!r side ev] s9ce ^? sacr$ ,books 7 writt54 ,:at c be ! attraction ( ^? p]il\s quagmires1 x is h>d to und]/&4 8,an highway %all be !re1 & a way02 8! r$eem$ %all walk !re02 8! wayf>+ m51 ?\gh fools1 %all n err !re97#aha740 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,alex&ria ,,& ,,caes>ea4 #a4 ,alex&rian ,read+s1 & ! ,alex&rian ,s*ool4 ,:at is ! real tru? ab\t ! exi/5ce ( an ,alex&rian ,text8 ,are !re1 or are !re n1 suffici5t elem5ts ( an ,alex&rian "*1 & ( ,alex&rian or ,egyptian orig91 to con/itute a ,text ( ! ,holy ,gospels to be designat$ by t "n8 ,s ?\ght ,griesba*1 :o conceiv$ ,orig5 to be ! /&>d ( ! ,alex&rian text4 ,hort1 :o appe>s to h attribut$ to 8 ,neutral text mu* ( ! native products ( ,alex&ria7#ahb71 speaks m ( read+s ?an ( text4 ,! "q mu/ be decid$ ^u ! evid5ce ( ! case1 :i* %all n[ be 9 ! ma9 produc$4 ,! ,fa!rs or anci5t writ]s :o may be class$ z ,alex&rian 9 ! p]iod "u consid]ation are ! foll[+3-- ,traditional4 ,neologian4 ,h]acleon #a #g ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria #hb #gb ,dionysius ( ,alex&ria #ab #e ,!ognosius #j #a ,pet] ( ,alex&ria #g #h ,arius #b #a ,a?anasius 7c4 ,arianos7 #eg #ef ---- ---- #afa #aej ,"u ! ?irty places already exam9$1 ,clem5t1 ! mo/ important ( ^! writ]s1 witnesses #h times = ! ,traditional read+ & #ad times = ! ,neologian4 ,orig51 :o 9 8 e>li] ye>s 0 a lead] ( ?is s*ool1 te/ifies #dd & #bg times respectively 9 ! ord] /at$4 ,! ,v]sion :i* 0 mo/ closely connect$ ) ,l[] ,egypt 0 ! ,bohairic1 & "u ! same ?irty passages gives ! ensu+ evid5ce3-- #a4 ,matt4 i4 #be4 ,omits4 ,"o ,,ms4 says ! ,greek has 8h] fir/-born son04 #b4 v4 #dd4 ,l>ge majority1 all b #e1 omit4 ,"s add 9 ! m>g94 #c4 vi4 #ac4 ,only #e ,,mss4 h ! doxology4 #d4 vii4 #ac4 ,all h x4 #e4 ix4 #ac4 #i h x1 & #c 9 m>g93 #ab omit1 besides ! #c j m5tion$4 #f4 xi4 #bg4 ,all h 4 #g4 xvii4 #ba4 ,only #f ,,mss4 h x1 besides #g 9 m>g9 or int]l9$3 #aa omit :olly4 #h4 xviii4 #aa4 ,only #d h x4 #i4 xix4 #af4 ,only #g h 8good10 besides a few corrections3 #ab omit4 #ag4 ,only #a has x4 #aj4 xxiii4 #ch4 ,only #f h x4 #aa4 xxvii4 #cd4 ,"o correct$ & "o :i* copi$ ! correction4 ,all ! re/ h 7#ahc74 #ab4 xxviii4 #b4 ,all h x4 #ac4 #ai4 ,all h x4 #ad4 ,m>k i4 #b4 ,all 7i4e4 #be7 give1 4 #ae4 xvi4 #i-bj4 ,none :olly omit3 #b give ! alt]native end+4 #af4 ,luke i4 #bh4 ,only #d #b correct$ h x3 #ab omit4 #ag4 ii4 #ad4 ,all h 4 #ah4 x4 #da-b4 7#c omit7 3 #a omits 4 #b correct$ add 8( !m40 #ai4 xxii4 #dc-d4 ,omitt$ by #ah7ahd74 #bj4 xxiii4 #cd4 ,all omit7#ahe74 #ba4 ,luke xxiii4 #ch4 ,all omit except #e7ahf7 7874 #bb4 #de4 ,all h 7#ahg74 #bc4 xxiv4 #dj4 ,all h x4 #bd4 #db4 ,all omit7#ahh74 #be4 ,john i4 #c-d4 ,all 7except #a :i* pauses at 7 h x4 ,! ,sahidic is ! o!r way4 #bf4 #ah4 ,all h 7#ahi74 #bg4 iii4 #ac4 ,omitt$ by #i4 #bh4 x4 #ad4 ,all h 8m9e "k me40 ,! ,bohairic has no passive3 h5ce ! error7#aij74 #bi4 xvii4 #bd4 ,! ,bohairic c\ld n express 3 h5ce ! error7#aia74 #cj4 xxi4 #be4 ,all h x4 ,! ,,mss4 diff] 9 numb] z to _! witness 9 ea* place4 ,no manuscripts c be adduc$ z ,alex&rian3 & 9 fact we are consid]+ ! ante-manuscriptal p]iod4 ,all ref]5ce !re=e to manuscripts w\ld be consequ5t ^u1 n a factor 91 ! pres5t inve/igation4 ,x w be se5 ^u a review ( ?is evid5ce1 t ! mo/ /rik+ *>act]i/ic is f\nd 9 ! in/ability ( x4 ,! ,bohairic wabbles f side to side4 ,clem5t witnesses on bo? sides ^u ! ?irty places b mo/ly aga9/ ! ,traditional text1 :il/ 8 collect$ evid5ce 9 all cases yields a slight majority to ! latt] side ( ! cont5tion4 ,orig5 on ! contr>y by a l>ge majority rejects ! ,neologian read+s on ! ?irty passages1 b ackn[l$ges !m by a small "o 9 8 habitual quotations4 ,x is v rem>kable1 & yet *>act]i/ic ( ,orig51 :o inde$ *ang$ 8 home f ,alex&ria to ,caes>ea1 t 8 habit 0 to adopt "o ( ! mo/ notable ( ,syrio-,l[-,lat9 read+s 9 pref]5ce to ! ,traditional read+ preval5t at ,alex&ria4 ,/4 ,ambrose 79 ,ps4 xxxvi4 #ce7 9 def5d+ ! read+ ( ,/4 ,john i4 #c-d1 8)\t ,him 0 n any?+ made3 t :i* 0 made 0 life 9 ,him10 says t ,alex&rians & ,egyptians foll[ ! read+ :i* is n[ adopt$ ev]y:]e except by ,la*mann1 ,tregelles1 & ,w4-,hort4 ,x has be5 said t ,orig5 0 9 ! habit ( us+ ,,mss4 ( bo? k9ds1 & inde$ no "o c exam9e 8 quotations )\t com+ to t conclusion4 ,!re=e we are l$ fir/ ( all to ! s*ool ( ,*ri/ian ,philosophy :i* "u ! "n ( ! ,cate*etical ,s*ool has made ,alex&ria = ev] celebrat$ 9 ! e>ly annals ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*4 ,inde$ ,orig5 0 a ,textual ,critic4 ,he sp5t mu* "t & toil ^u ! text ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 besides 8 great lab\rs on ! ,old1 because he f\nd x disfigur$ z he says by corruptions 8"s aris+ f ! c>elessness ( scribes1 "s f evil lic5ce ( em5dation1 "s f arbitr>y omissions & int]polations7#aib740 ,su* a sitt+ 9 judgem5t1 or z p]haps x %\ld be said ) m ju/ice to ,orig5 su* a pursuit ( inquiry1 involv$ weigh+ ( evid5ce on ei!r side1 ( :i* !re are _m indications 9 8 works4 ,! connexion ( ?is s*ool ) ! s*ool set up at ,caes>ea1 to :i* place ,orig5 appe>s to h br\ght 8 manuscripts1 & :]e he bequea!d 8 tea*+ & _s to sympa!tic successors1 w be c>ri$ out & describ$ m fully 9 ! next section4 ,orig5 0 ! mo/ prom95t p]sonage by f> 9 ! ,alex&rian ,s*ool4 ,8 fame & influ5ce 9 ?is prov9ce ext5d$ ) ! reputation ( 8 o!r writ+s long aft] 8 dea?4 8,:5 a writ] speaks ( ! #8accurate copies1' :at he actually means is ! text ( ,scripture :i* 0 employ$ or approv$ by ,orig57#aic740 ,inde$ x 0 an elem5tal1 in*oate s*ool1 deal+ 9 an academical & eclectic _s ) evid5ce ( v>i\s k9ds1 highly intellectual r ?an orig9al1 z = example 9 ! welcome giv5 to ! ,syrio-,l[-,lat9 v>iation ( ,/4 ,matt4 xix4 #af1 #ag1 & addict$ 9 "s degree to alt]ation ( passages4 ,x w\ld appe> t besides ?is critical temp] & habit !re 0 to "s ext5t a gr[? ( prov9cial read+s at ,alex&ria or 9 ! neighb\rhood1 & t modes ( spell+ :i* 7 reject$ 9 lat] ages took _! rise !re4 ,specim5s ( ! =m] ( ^! peculi>ities may be se5 9 ! table ( read+s j giv5 f ! ,bohairic ,v]sion4 ,! *ief effects ( ,alex&rian /udy occurr$ 9 ! ,caes>ean s*ool :i* n[ invites our consid]ation4 #b4 ,caes>ean ,s*ool4 ,9 ! ye> #bca1 z seems mo/ probable1 ,orig5 f9ally left ,alex&ria4 ,8 head-qu>t]s !nce=w>d may be said to h be5 ,caes>ea 9 ,pale/9e1 ?\gh he travell$ into ,greece & ,arabia & /ay$ at ,neo-,caes>ea 9 ,cappadocia ) 8 fri5d & pupil ,gregory ,?aumaturgus4 ,he _h previ\sly visit$ ,rome3 s t he mu/ h be5 well qualifi$ by 8 exp]i5ce z well z probably by 8 k & collection ( ,,mss4 to lay a broad f\ndation = ! future settlem5t ( ! text4 ,b un=tunately 8 :ole c>e] m>ks him out z a man ( unc]ta9 judgem5t4 ,l "s o!rs1 he 0 a giant 9 le>n+1 b ord9>y 9 ! use ( 8 le>n+4 ,he 0 also closely connect$ ) ! philosophical s*ool ( ,alex&ria1 f :i* ,arianism issu$4 ,! lead+ figures 9 ?is rem>kable ,s*ool ( ,textual ,criticism at ,caes>ea 7 ,orig5 & ,eusebius1 besides ,pamphilus :o =ms ! l9k betwe5 ! two4 ,! gr\nd-"w ( ! ,s*ool 0 ! celebrat$ libr>y 9 ! city :i* 0 =m$ ^u ! f\ndation suppli$ by ,orig51 s f> z ! books 9 x escap$ ! g5]al de/ruction ( ,,mss4 t occurr$ 9 ! p]secution ( ,diocletian4 ,x is rem>kable1 t al?\gh !re seems little d\bt t ! ,vatican & ,s9aitic ,,mss4 7 among/ ! fruits ( ?is s*ool1 z w be %ewn 9 ! next *apt]1 ! witness ( ! writ+s ( bo? ,orig5 & ,eusebius is s fav\rable z x is to ! ,traditional ,text4 ,9 ! case ( ,orig5 !re is z already /at$7#aid7 n f> f an equality betwe5 ! totals on ei!r side1 besides a majority ( #dd to #bg on ! ?irty important texts3 & ! numb]s = ,eusebius are respectively #cae to #bad1 & #da to #aa4 ,pale/9e 0 well suit$ f its geographical position to be ! site ( ! junction ( all ! /reams4 ,! v same circum/ances :i* adapt$ x to be ! ar5a ( ! great drama 9 ! _w's hi/ory drew to its %ores ! v>i\s elem5ts 9 ! repres5tation 9 language ( ! mo/ *>act]i/ic "p ( ! ,^w ( ,god4 ,! ,traditional ,text w\ld rea* x by v>i\s r\tes3 ! ,syrio-,l[-,lat9 across ! sea & f ,syria3 ! ,alex&rian read+s f ! ne> neighb\rhood4 ,orig5 9 8 travels w\ld help to assemble all4 ,! v>i\s ali5 /reams w\ld ?us coalesce1 & ! text ( ,b & w\ld be ! result4 ,b ! read+s ( ,,mss4 record$ by ,orig5 & especially by ,eusebius prove t 9 ?is broad s*ool ! ,traditional ,text ga9$ at lea/ a decid$ prepond]ance accord+ to ! private *oice ( ! latt] s*ol>4 ,yet1 z w be %ewn1 he 0 probably1 n ! writ] ( ,b & ( ! six conjugate leaves 9 1 yet z ! executor ( ! ord] ( ,con/ant9e ! sup]9t5d5t also 9 copy+ ^? celebrat$ ,,mss4 ,0 he !n influ5c$ by ! motives ( a c\rti] 9 s5d+ su* texts z he ?\ght w\ld be mo/ acceptable to ! ,emp]or8 ,or is x n m 9 consonance ) ! facts ( ! case--especially z int]pret$ by ! subsequ5t spread 9 ,con/ant9ople ( ! ,traditional ,text7#aie7--1 t we %\ld inf] t ! fifty ,,mss4 s5t includ$ a l>ge proportion ( ,texts ( ano!r "*8 ,eusebius1 ! ,homoi\sian or ,semi-,arian1 w\ld ?us be ! collector ( copies to suit diff]5t ta/es & op9ions1 & 8 s*ol> & successor ,acacius1 ! ,homoean1 w\ld m probably be ! writ] ( ,b & ( ! six conjugate leaves ( 7#aif74 ,! trimm+ "* ( ! latitud9>ian1 & ! viol5t =w>dness ( ! p>tisan1 w\ld appe> to r5d] su* a supposition n unreasonable4 ,e/imat+ ! s*ool accord+ to pr9ciples ( hi/orical philosophy1 & 9 consonance ) bo? ! exi/5ce ( ! ,text d5ot$ by ,b & & also ! subsequ5t results1 x mu/ appe> to u to be transitional 9 "*1 includ+ two di/9ct & incongru\s solutions1 ( :i* "o 0 aft]w>ds prov$ to be ! "r by ! g5]al acceptation 9 ! ,*ur* t ev5 ,dr4 ,hort ackn[l$ges to h tak5 place4 ,an int]e/+ inquiry is "h sugge/$ ) respect to ! two celebrat$ ,,mss4 j m5tion$4 ,h[ is x t we possess no ,,mss4 ( ! ,new ,te/am5t ( any consid]able size old] ?an ^?1 or at lea/ no o!r su* ,,mss4 z old z !y are8 ,besides ! disa/r\s results ( ! p]secution ( ,diocletian1 !re is mu* =ce 9 ! reply ( ,dean ,burgon1 t be+ g5]ally recogniz$ z bad ,,mss4 !y 7 left /&+ on ! %elf 9 _! h&some cov]s1 :il/ o!rs :i* 7 m correct 7 be+ ?umb$ to pieces 9 con/ant use4 ,b ! discov]ies made s9ce ! ,dean's dea? enables me to sugge/ ano!r answ] :i* w also help to enl>ge our view on ^! matt]s4 ,! habit ( writ+ on vellum belongs to ,asia4 ,! fir/ m5tion ( x t we meet ) occurs 9 ! #eh? *apt] ( ! #e? book ( ,h]odotus1 :]e ! hi/orian tells u t ! ,ionians wrote on ! sk9s ( %eep & goats because !y c\ld n get 8byblus10 or z we be/ "k x1 papyrus4 ,vellum rema9$ 9 comp>ative obscurity till ! "t ( ,eum5es ,,ii1 ,k+ ( ,p]gamum4 ,t intellig5t pot5tate1 wi%+ to enl>ge 8 libr>y & be+ ?w>t$ by ! ,ptolemies :o refus$ out ( jeal\sy to supply him ) papyrus1 improv$ ! sk9s ( 8 c\ntry7#aig71 & made ! 8*>ta ,p]gam5a10 f :5ce ! t]m p>*m5t has desc5d$ to u4 ,x w be rememb]$ t ,/4 ,paul s5t to ,ephesus = 8! books1 especially ! p>*m5ts7#aih740 ,!re is evid5ce t vellum 0 us$ at ,rome3 b ! *ief mat]ials employ$ !re appe> to h be5 wax5 tablets & papyrus4 ,m>tial1 writ+ t[>ds ! end ( ! fir/ c5tury1 speaks ( vellum ,,mss4 ( ,hom]1 ,virgil1 ,cic]o1 & ,ovid7#aii74 ,b if su* ,,mss4 _h prevail$ g5]ally1 m w\ld h come d[n to u4 ,! em]g5ce ( vellum into g5]al use is m>k$ & h]ald$ by ! products ( ! libr>y at ,caes>ea1 :i* help$ by ! ris+ lit]>y activity 9 ,asia & by ! build+ ( ,con/ant9ople1 0 probably ! means ( ! introduction ( an improv$ employm5t ( vellum4 ,x has be5 already notic$7#bjj71 t ,acacius & ,euzoius1 successively bi%ops ( ,caes>ea aft] ,eusebius1 sup]9t5d$ ! copy+ ( papyrus manuscripts ^u vellum4 ,greek uncials 7 n unlike 9 g5]al =m to ! squ>e ,hebrew lett]s us$ at ,j]usalem aft] ! ,captivity4 ,! activity 9 ,asiatic ,caes>ea syn*roniz$ ) ! rise 9 ! use ( vellum4 ,x w\ld seem t 9 mov+ !re ,orig5 des]t$ papyrus = ! m durable mat]ial4 ,a ^w to expla9 my argum5t4 ,if vellum _h be5 9 con/ant use ov] ! ,roman ,empire dur+ ! fir/ ?ree c5turies & a ?ird :i* elaps$ be=e ,b & 7 writt51 !re ought to h be5 9 exi/5ce "s rema9s ( a mat]ial s capable ( resi/+ ! te> & we> ( use & "t4 ,z !re are no vellum ,,mss4 at all except ! m]e/ fragm5ts dat+ f be=e #ccj ,a4,d41 we are p]=ce driv5 to inf] t a mat]ial = writ+ ( a p]i%able nature 0 g5]ally employ$ be=e t p]iod4 ,n[ n only _h papyrus be5 = 8long ! recogniz$ mat]ial = lit]>y use10 b we c trace its employm5t mu* lat] ?an is usually suppos$4 ,x is true t ! cultivation ( ! plant 9 ,egypt began to wane aft] ! capture ( ,alex&ria by ! ,mahomm$ans 9 #fch ,a4,d41 & ! de/ruction ( ! fam\s libr>ies3 b x cont9u$ 9 exi/5ce dur+ "s c5turies aft]w>ds4 ,x 0 gr[n also 9 ,sicily & ,italy4 8,9 ,france papyrus 0 9 common use 9 ! six? c5tury40 ,sir ,e4 ,maunde ,?ompson enum]ates books n[ f\nd 9 ,european ,libr>ies ( ,p>is1 ,g5oa1 ,milan1 ,vi5na1 ,muni*1 & else:]e1 z f> d[n z ! t5? c5tury4 ,! manufacture ( x did n cease 9 ,egypt till ! t5? c5tury4 ,! use ( papyrus did n lapse f9ally till pap] 0 introduc$ into ,europe by ! ,moors & ,arabs7#bja71 ^u :i* occurr5ce all writ+ 0 execut$ ^u t\gh] sub/ances1 & ! cursive h& drove out uncial writ+ ev5 f p>*m5t4 ,! k ( ! preval5ce ( papyrus1 z to :i* any "o may satisfy himself by consult+ ,sir ,e4 ,maunde ,?ompson's admirable book1 & ( ! employm5t ( ! cursive h& be=e ,*ri/1 mu/ modify _m ( ! notions t h be5 widely ent]ta9$ respect+ ! old ,uncials4 #a4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 x w be cle> t all ! ,cursive ,,mss4 are n by any means ! desc5dants ( ! ,uncials4 ,if ! employm5t ( papyrus 9 ! e>lie/ ages ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* 0 preval5t ov] by f> ! great] "p ( ! ,roman ,empire1 & t description is ,i believe less ?an ! facts w\ld w>rant--!n m ?an half ( ! /ems ( g5ealogy mu/ h orig9ally consi/$ ( papyrus manuscripts4 ,& fur!r1 if ! use ( papyrus cont9u$ long aft] ! date ( ,b & 1 !n x w\ld n only h occupi$ ! e>lie/ /eps 9 ! l9es ( desc5t1 b mu* lat] exempl>s mu/ h c>ri$ on ! succession4 ,b 9 consequ5ce ( ! p]i%able "* ( papyrus ^? exempl>s h disappe>$ & live only 9 _! cursive po/]ity4 ,?is aspect alone ( ! case "u consid]ation inve/s ! ,cursives ) mu* m int]e/ & value ?an _m p w\ld n[adays attribute to !m4 #b4 ,b beyond ?is conclusion1 light is %$ ^u ! subject by ! fact n[ e/abli%$ beyond "q1 t cursive h&writ+ exi/$ 9 ! _w "s c5turies be=e ,*ri/7#bjb74 ,= squ>e lett]s 7( c\rse 9 writ+ int]sp]s$ ) circul> l9es7 we g to ,pale/9e & ,syria1 & t may n impossibly be ! reason :y uncial ,greek lett]s came out fir/1 z f> z ! evid5ce ( extant rema9s c guide u1 9 ^? c\ntries4 ,! *ange f uncial to cursive lett]s ab\t ! t5? c5tury is mo/ rem>kable4 ,mu/ x n to a great ext5t h aris5 f ! contempor>y failure ( papyrus :i* has be5 expla9$1 & f ! cursive writ]s on papyrus n[ try+ _! h& on vellum & introduc+ _! m easy & rapid /yle ( writ+ into t class ( manuscripts7#bjc78 ,if s1 ! ph5om5on %ews itself1 t by ! v mann] 9 :i* !y are writt51 ,cursives mutely decl>e t !y are n solely ! *ildr5 ( ! ,uncials4 ,speak+ g5]ally1 !y are ! prog5y ( a m>riage betwe5 ! two1 & ! papyrus ,,mss4 w\ld appe> to h be5 ! bett] half4 ,su* results z h be5 rea*$ 9 ?is *apt] & ! la/ h issu$ f ! advance made 9 discov]y & rese>* dur+ ! la/ t5 ye>s4 ,b ^! 7 n kn[n to ,tis*5dorf or ,tregelles1 & mu* less to ,la*mann4 ,!y c\ld n h be5 embrac$ by ,hort 9 8 view ( ! entire subject :5 he con/ruct$ 8 clev] b uns\nd !ory "s =ty ye>s ago7#bjd74 ,surely our conclusion mu/ be t ! _w is leav+ t s*ool gradually beh9d4 ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,! ,,old ,,uncials4 ,,! ,,influ5ce ,,( ,,orig54 #a7bje74 ,codex ,b 0 e>ly en?ron$ on some?+ l speculation1 & has be5 ma9ta9$ ^u ! ?rone by :at has /rangely am\nt$ to a positive sup]/ition4 ,! text ( ?is ,,ms4 0 n accurately kn[n till ! edition ( ,tis*5dorf appe>$ 9 #ahfg7bjf73 & yet long be=e t "t x 0 reg>d$ by _m critics z ! ,que5 ( ! ,uncials4 ,! collations ( ,b>tolocci1 ( ,mico1 ( ,rulotta1 & ( ,bir*1 7 n tru/wor?y1 ?\gh !y f> surpass$ ,mai's two fir/ editions4 ,yet ! prejudice 9 fav\r ( ! my/]i\s au?ority t 0 expect$ to issue decrees f ! ,vatican7#bjg7 did n wait till ! cle> light ( criticism 0 %$ ^u its ecc5tricities & its defalcations4 ,! same _s1 biass$ by s5tim5t n rul$ by reason1 has rema9$ s9ce m has be5 disclos$ ( ! real nature ( ?is ,codex7#bjh74 ,a simil> c\rse has be5 pursu$ ) respect to ,codex 4 ,x 0 p]haps to be expect$ t human infirmity %\ld h influ5c$ ,tis*5dorf 9 8 treatm5t ( ! treasure-trove by him3 ?\gh 8 "* = judgem5t c\ld n b be s]i\sly injur$ by ! fact t 9 8 eigh? edition he alt]$ ! mature conclusions ( 8 sev5? 9 no less ?an #c1egb7bji7 in/ances1 *iefly on acc\nt ( ! read+s 9 8 belov$ ,s9aitic guide4 ,yet :atev] may be advanc$ aga9/ ,b may be alleg$ ev5 m /rongly aga9/ 4 ,x adds to ! numb] ( ! blund]s ( its associate3 x is conspicu\s = habitual c>elessness or lic5ce3 x (t5 by itself deviates into gl>+ errors7#baj74 ,! elevation ( ! ,s9aitic into ! fir/ place1 :i* 0 effect$ by ,tis*5dorf z f> z 8 own practice 0 conc]n$1 has be5 applaud$ by only v few s*ol>s3 & x is h>dly conceivable t !y c\ld ma9ta9 _! op9ion1 if !y w\ld critically & imp>tially exam9e ?is erratic copy ?r\gh\t ! ,new ,te/am5t = !mselves4 ,! fact is t ,b & 7 ! products ( ! s*ool ( philosophy & tea*+ :i* f\nd its v5t 9 ,semi-,arian or ,homoean op9ions4 ,! pro( ( ?is position is some:at difficult to give1 b :5 ! nature ( ! "q & ! producible am\nt ( evid5ce are tak5 into consid]ation1 is nev]!less q satisfactory4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 accord+ to ! v]dict ( all critics ! date ( ^! two ,,mss4 co9cides ) ! p]iod :5 ,semi-,arianism or "s o!r =m ( ,arianism 7 9 ! asc5dant 9 ! ,ea/1 & to all outw>d appe>ance sway$ ! ,univ]sal ,*ur*4 ,9 ! la/ ye>s ( 8 rule1 ,con/ant9e 0 "u ! dom9ation ( ! ,arianiz+ faction2 & ! reign ( ,con/antius ,,ii ov] all ! prov9ces 9 ! ,roman ,empire t spoke ,greek1 dur+ :i* enc\ragem5t 0 giv5 to ! great h]etical s*ools ( ! "t1 complet$ ! two c5tral decades ( ! f\r? c5tury7#baa74 ,x is a circum/ance t _c fail to give rise to suspicion t ! ,vatican & ,s9aitic ,,mss4 _h _! orig9 "u a pr$om9ant influ5ce ( su* evil fame4 ,at ! v lea/1 c>eful inve/igation is necess>y to see :e!r ^? copies 7 9 fact free f t influ5ce :i* has met ) univ]sal condemnation4 ,n[ z we proce$ fur!r we are /ruck ) ano!r mo/ rem>kable co9cid5ce1 :i* also z has be5 be=e notic$ is admitt$ on all h&s1 viz4 t ! p]iod ( ! em]g5ce ( ! ,or?odox ,s*ool f oppression & ! settlem5t 9 _! fav\r ( ! great ,nic5e controv]sy 0 also ! "t :5 ! text ( ,b & sank into condemnation4 ,! ,or?odox side "u ,/4 ,*ryso/om & o!rs became p]man5tly supreme3 s did also ! ,traditional ,text4 ,are we !n to assume ) our oppon5ts t 9 ! ,*ur* condemnation & acceptance 7 insep>able companions8 ,t at fir/ h]esy & ! pure ,text1 & aft]w>ds or?odoxy & textual corruption1 w5t h& 9 h&8 ,t su* ill-mat*$ c\ples grac$ ! hi/ory ( ! ,*ur*8 ,t ^u s fundam5tal a matt] z ! accuracy ( ! writt5 /&>d ( ref]5ce1 !re 0 precision ( text :5 h]etics or ^? :o dalli$ ) h]esy 7 9 p[]1 b t ! sacr$ ,text 0 contam9at$ :5 ! ,or?odox _h ?+s _! own way8 ,is x inde$ come to ?is1 t = ! pure & undefil$ ,^w ( ,,god we mu/ se>*1 n among/ ^? great m5 :o "u ! guidance ( ! ,holy ,_s asc]ta9$ & settl$ = ev] ! ma9 ,articles ( ! ,fai?1 & ! ,canon ( ,holy ,scripture1 b amid/ ! relics ( ^? :o 7 unable to agree ) "o ano!r1 & ^: f9e-drawn subtleties 9 cre$ & policy h be5 ! despair ( ! hi/orians1 & a puzzle to /ud5ts ( ,!ological ,sci5ce8 ,x is n too mu* to ass]t1 t ,!ology & ,hi/ory "k no su* unsci5tific conclusions4 ,x is !re=e a circum/ance full ( significance t ,codexes ,b & 7 produc$ 9 su* unt[>d times7#bab71 & fell into neglect on ! revival ( or?odoxy1 :5 ! ,traditional ,text 0 p]man5tly receiv$4 ,b ! case 9 h& re/s also ^u evid5ce m direct ?an ?is4 ,! influ5ce :i* ! writ+s ( ,orig5 ex]cis$ on ! anci5t ,*ur* is inde$ extraord9>y4 ,! fame ( 8 le>n+ add$ to ! spl5d\r ( 8 g5ius1 8 va/ ,biblical a*ievem5ts & 8 real insight into ! dep? ( ,scripture1 conciliat$ = him ! admiration & reg>d ( e>ly ,*ri/5dom4 ,let him be freely all[$ ! highe/ praise = ! pr(undity ( _m ( 8 utt]ances1 ! +5uity ( almo/ all4 ,x mu/ at ! same "t be admitt$ t he is bold 9 8 speculations to ! v]ge1 & beyond ! v]ge1 ( ra%ness2 unw>rant$ly confid5t 9 8 ass]tions2 defici5t 9 sobriety2 9 8 critical rem>ks ev5 fooli%4 ,a prodigi\s read] z well z a prodigi\s writ]1 8 words w\ld h be5 ( incalculable value1 b t he seems to h be5 s saturat$ ) ! /range speculations ( ! e>ly h]etics1 t he sometimes adopts _! wild me?od2 & 9 fact has n be5 reckon$ among ! or?odox ,fa!rs ( ! ,*ur*4 ,b 7& ?is is ! direction 9 :i* ! =ego+ rem>ks h t5d$7 ,orig5's rul+ passion is f\nd to h be5 textual criticism7#bac74 ,?is 0 at once 8 =te & 8 foible4 ,9 ! libr>y ( 8 fri5d ,pamphilus at ,caes>ea 7 f\nd _m ,codexes t _h belong$ to him1 & ! autograph ( 8 ,hexapla1 :i* 0 se5 & us$ by ,/4 ,j]ome7#bad74 ,9 fact1 ! collection ( books made by ,pamphilus1 9 ! ga!r+ ( :i* at ! v lea/ he 0 deeply indebt$ to ,orig51 became a c5tre f :5ce1 aft] ! de/ruction ( copies 9 ! p]secution ( ,diocletian1 au?ority z to ! sacr$ ,text radiat$ 9 v>i\s directions4 ,copy+ f papyrus on vellum 0 assidu\sly prosecut$ !re7#bae74 ,con/ant9e appli$ to ,eusebius = fifty h&some copies7#baf71 among/ :i* x is n improbable t ! manuscripts 77 ,b & 7 to be actually f\nd7#bag74 ,b ev5 if t is n s1 ! ,emp]or w\ld n h select$ ,eusebius = ! ord]1 if t bi%op _h n be5 9 ! habit ( provid+ copies3 & ,eusebius 9 fact c>ri$ on ! "w :i* he _h comm5c$ "u 8 fri5d ,pamphilus1 & 9 :i* ! latt] mu/ h foll[$ ! pa? pursu$ by ,orig54 ,aga91 ,j]ome is kn[n to h resort$ to ?is qu>t]7#bah71 & v>i\s entries 9 ,,mss4 prove t o!rs did ! same7#bai74 ,x is cle> t ! celebrat$ libr>y ( ,pamphilus ex]cis$ great influ5ce 9 ! prov9ce ( ,textual ,criticism2 & ! _s ( ,orig5 0 p[]ful ?r\gh\t ! op]ations connect$ ) x1 at lea/ till ! ,orig5i/s got gradually into disfav\r & at l5g? 7 f9ally condemn$ at ! ,fif? ,g5]al ,c\ncil 9 ,a4,d4 #eec4 ,b 9 connect+ ,b & ) ! ,libr>y at ,caes>ea we are n left only to conjecture or inf]5ce4 ,9 a well-kn[n colophon affix$ to ! end ( ! book ( ,e/h] 9 by ! ?ird corrector1 x is /at$ t f ! beg9n+ ( ! book ( ,k+s to ! end ( ,e/h] ! ,,ms4 0 comp>$ ) a copy 8correct$ by ! h& ( ! holy m>tyr ,pamphilus10 :i* itself 0 writt5 & correct$ aft] ! ,hexapla ( ,orig57#bbj74 ,& a simil> colophon may be f\nd atta*$ to ! book ( ,ezra4 ,x is add$ t ! ,codex ,s9aiticus 7 7 & ! ,codex ,pamphili 7 7 manife/$ great agreem5t ) "o ano!r4 ,! probability t 0 ?us at lea/ 9 "p copi$ f a manuscript execut$ by ,pamphilus is e/abli%$ by ! facts t a c]ta9 8,codex ,m>*alianus0 is (t5 m5tion$ :i* 0 due to ,pamphilus & ,eusebius2 & t ,orig5's rec5sion ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 al?\gh he publi%$ no edition ( ! ,text ( ! ,new1 possess$ a great reputation4 ,on ! books ( ,*ronicles1 ,/4 ,j]ome m5tions manuscripts execut$ by ,orig5 ) great c>e1 :i* 7 publi%$ by ,pamphilus & ,eusebius4 ,& 9 ,codex ,h ( ,/4 ,paul x is /at$ t t ,,ms4 0 comp>$ ) a ,,ms4 9 ! libr>y ( ,caes>ea 8:i* 0 writt5 by ! h& ( ! holy ,pamphilus7#bba740 ,^! notices add$ to ! frequ5t ref]5ce by ,/4 ,j]ome & o!rs to ! critical 77 ,,mss41 by :i* we are to und]/& ^? :i* 7 di/+ui%$ by ! approval ( ,orig5 or 7 9 consonance ) ! _s ( ,orig51 %ew evid5tly ! position 9 criticism :i* ! ,libr>y at ,caes>ea & its illu/ri\s f\nd] _h won 9 ^? days4 ,& x is q 9 keep+ ) t position t %\ld h be5 s5t =? f t 8s*ool ( criticism40 ,b if 01 !n ,b mu/ h be52--at lea/1 if ! supposition c]tifi$ by ,tis*5dorf & ,scriv5] be true1 t ! six conjugate leaves ( 7 writt5 by ! scribe ( ,b4 ,s !re is a *a9 ( ref]5ce1 =tifi$ by ! impli$ probability :i* has be5 furni%$ = u f ! actual facts ( ! case4 ,yet ,dr4 ,hort is 8incl9$ to surmise t ,b & 7 bo? writt5 9 ! ,we/1 probably at ,rome2 t ! ance/ors ( ,b 7 :olly ,we/]n 79 ! geographical1 n ! textual s5se7 up to a v e>ly "t inde$2 & t ! ance/ors ( 7 9 great "p ,alex&rian1 aga9 9 ! geographical1 n ! textual s5se7#bbb740 ,= ?is op9ion1 9 :i* ,dr4 ,hort /&s alone among/ au?orities1 !re is no?+ b 8surmise0 f\nd$ ^u v d>k h9ts4 ,9 contra/ ) ! evid5ce j br\ght =w>d !re is an abs5ce ( direct te/imony3 besides t ! connexion betwe5 ! ,we/]n & ,syrian ,texts or ,read+s1 :i* has be5 rec5tly confirm$ 9 a v mat]ial degree1 mu/ weak5 ! =ce ( "s ( 8 argum5ts4 #b7bbc74 ,! po9ts to :i* ,i am anxi\s r to direct att5tion are 7#a7 ! ext5t to :i* ! works ( ,orig5 7 /udi$ by ! anci5ts3 & 7#b7 ! curi\s discov]y t ,codexes ,b1 & to "s ext5t ,d1 ei!r belong to ! same class z ^? ) :i* ,orig5 0 *iefly famili>2 or else h be5 anci5tly manipulat$ into con=mity ) ,orig5's tea*+4 ,! =m] seems to me ! m natural supposition2 b ei!r inf]5ce equally satisfies my cont5tion3 viz4 t ,orig51 & ma9ly ,b,d1 are n to be reg>d$ z :olly indep5d5t au?orities1 b con/itute a class4 ,! pro( ( ?is position is to be f\nd 9 v>i\s passages :]e ! influ5ce ( ,orig5 may be trac$1 su* z 9 ! omission ( --8,! ,son ( ,god0--9 ,m>k i4 #a7bbd72 & ( --8at ,ephesus0--9 ,eph4 i4 #a7bbe72 9 ! sub/itution ( ,be?ab>a 7,/4 ,john i4 #bh7 = ,be?any7#bbf72 9 ! omission ( ! second "p ( ! la/ petition ! ,"l's ,pray] 9 ,/4 ,luke7#bbg71 ( 9 ,john i4 #bg7bbh74 ,he is also ! cause :y ! important qualification 78)\t a cause07 is omitt$ by ,b f ,/4 ,matt4 v4 #bb2 & h5ce1 9 opposition to ! :ole ho/ ( ,copies1 ,v]sions7#bbi71 ,fa!rs1 has be5 bani%$ f ! sacr$ ,text by ,la*mann1 ,tis*5dorf1 ,w4 ,hort & ! ,revis]s7#bcj74 ,to ! same influ5ce1 ,i am p]suad$1 is to be attribut$ ! omission f a little h&ful ( copies 7viz4 ,a1 ,b-1 ,d991 ,f-,g1 & #ag997 ( ! clause 78t y %\ld n obey ! tru?07 ,gal4 iii4 #a4 ,j]ome duly ackn[l$ges ^? words :ile comm5t+ on ,/4 ,mat!w's ,gospel7#bca72 b :5 he comes to ! place 9 ,galatians7#bcb71 he is obs]v$1 fir/ to admit t ! clause 8is f\nd 9 "s copies10 & /raightway to add t 8inasmu* z x is n f\nd 9 ! copies ( ,adamantius7#bcc71 he omits x40 ,! clue to 8 omission is suppli$ by 8 own /atem5t t 9 writ+ on ! ,galatians he _h made ,orig5 8 guide7#bcd74 ,& yet ! words /& 9 ! ,vulgate4 ,=3-- ,c ,dc ,e ,k ,l ,p1 #df ,cursives4 ,vulg4 ,go?4 ,h>kl4 ,arm4 ,e?iop4 ,orig4 ii4 #cgc4 ,cyril ,al4 ii4 #gcg4 ,ephr4 ,syr4 iii4 #bjc4 ,mac>ius ,magnes 7or r ! hea!n philosoph] ) :om he disput$71--#abh4 ps4-,a?anas4 ii4 #ded4 ,!odoret ii4 #dj4 ,j4 ,damasc5e ii4 #afc4 ,!odorus ,/udita1--#dcc1 #aacf4 ,hi]on4 vii4 #dah4 c4 ,legitur 9 quibusdam codicibus1 8,quis vos fasc9avit non cr$]e v]itati80 ,s$ hoc1 quia 9 exempl>ibus ,adamantii non habetur1 omisimus4 ,aga9/3-- ,,abd99,,fg #ag994 d e f g--fu4 ,pe%itto1 ,bohairic4 ,*rys4 ,eu?al4 cod4 ,exempl>ia ,adamantii4 ,cyril #dbi4 ,!odoret i4 #feh 7,mai vii#b #aej74 ,!odorus ,mops4 ,hi]4 vii4 #dah4 c4 ,9 a c]ta9 place ,orig5 indulges 9 a my/ical exposition ( our ,,"l',s two miracles ( fe$+7#bce72 draw+ m>vell\s inf]5ces1 z 8 mann] is1 f ! details ( ei!r miracle4 ,we f9d t ,hil>y7#bcf71 t ,j]ome7#bcg71 t ,*ryso/om7#bch71 _h ,orig5's rem>ks be=e !m :5 !y 9 turn comm5t$ on ! miracul\s fe$+ ( ! #djjj4 ,at ! fe$+ ( ! #ejjj1 ,orig5 po9ts out t our ,,"l 8comm&s ! multitude to sit d[n0 7,/4 ,matt4 xiv4 #ai73 b at ! fe$+ ( ! #djjj1 ,he does n 8comm&0 b only 8directs0 !m to sit d[n4 7,/4 ,matt4 xv4 #ce7bci77 444 ,f :i* x is pla9 t ,orig5 did n read z we d 9 ,/4 ,matt4 xv4 #ce1 --b 2 :i* is ! read+ ( ! p>allel place 9 ,/4 ,m>k 7viii4 #f74 ,we %\ld ( c\rse h assum$ a slip ( memory on ,orig5's "p2 b t ,,bd are f\nd to exhibit ! text ( ,/4 ,matt4 xv4 #ce 9 con=mity ) ,orig57#bdj74 ,he is reason+ !re=e f a ,,ms4 :i* he has be=e him2 & rem>k+1 z 8 un=tunate mann] is1 on :at proves to be really no?+ else b a palpable depravation ( ! text4 ,speak+ ( ,/4 ,john xiii4 #bf1 ,orig5 rem>ks1--8,x is n writt5 #8,he x is to :om ,i %all give ! sop'2 b ) ! addition ( #8,i %all dip'3 = x says1 #8,i %all dip ! sop & give x4' 0 ,?is is ! read+ ( ,,bcl & is adopt$ accord+ly by "s ,editors4 ,b surely x is a depravation ( ! text :i* may be ascrib$ ) confid5ce to ! (fici\sness ( ,orig5 himself4 ,:o1 at all ev5ts1 on su* prec>i\s evid5ce w\ld surr5d] ! e/abli%$ read+ ( ! place1 witness$ to z x is by e o!r kn[n ,,ms4 & by sev]al ( ! ,fa!rs8 ,! gr\nds on :i* ,tis*5dorf reads 1 are *>act]i/ic1 & 9 _! way a curiosity7#bda74 ,take ano!r in/ance ( ! same ph5om5on4 ,x is pla91 f ! cons5t ( 7s to speak7 all ! copies1 t our ,savi\r reject$ ! ,temptation :i* /&s second 9 ,/4 ,luke's ,gospel ) ! words1--8,get !e beh9d ,me1 ,satan7#bdb740 ,b ,orig5 (fici\sly po9ts out t ?is 7quot+ ! words7 is precisely :at our ,,"l did n say4 ,he adds a reason1--8,he said to ,pet]1 #8,get !e beh9d ,me1 ,satan'2 b to ! ,devil1 #8,get !e h5ce1' )\t ! addition #8beh9d ,me'2 = to be beh9d ,jesus is a good ?+7#bdc740 ,our ,savi\r on a c]ta9 occasion 7,/4 ,john viii4 #ch7 ?us address$ 8 wick$ c\ntrym53--8,i speak t :i* ,i h se5 ) ,my ,fa!r2 & ye likewise d t :i* y h se5 ) y\r fa!r40 ,he contra/s ,8 own graci\s doctr9es ) _! murd]\s de$s2 & ref]s !m to _! respective 8,fa!rs10--to 8,my ,fa!r10 t is1 ,,god2 & to 8y\r fa!r10 t is1 ! ,devil7#bdd74 ,t ?is is ! true s5se ( ! place appe>s pla9ly en\gh f ! context4 8,se5 )0 & 8he>d f7#bde70 are ! expressions employ$ on su* occasions1 because sight & he>+ are ! faculties :i* be/ acqua9t a man ) ! nature ( t :]e( he disc\rses4 ,orig51 misappreh5d+ ! matt]1 ma9ta9s t ,,god is ! 8,fa!r0 spok5 ( on ei!r side4 ,he ,i suspect x 0 :o1 9 ord] to support ?is view1 eras$ 8,my0 & 8y\r02 & 9 ! second memb] ( ! s5t5ce1 = 8se5 )10 sub/itut$ 8he>d f02--z if a contra/ _h be5 int5d$ betwe5 ! mann] ( ! ,div9e & ( ! human k1--:i* w\ld be cle>ly out ( place4 ,9 ?is way1 :at is 9 reality a revelation1 becomes conv]t$ into a some:at irrelevant precept3 8,i speak ! ?+s :i* ,i h se5 ) ! ,fa!r40 8,d ye ! ?+s :i* ye h he>d f ! ,fa!r10--:i* is h[ ,la*mann1 ,tis*5dorf1 ,tregelles1 ,al=d exhibit ! place4 ,cyril ,alex4 employ$ a text ?us impair$4 ,orig5 also puts v]4 #ci into ! =m ( a precept 7 444 72 b he has all ! ,fa!rs7#bdf7 7includ+ himself71--all ! ,v]sions1--all ! copies aga9/ him1 be+ support$ only by ,b4 ,b ! evid5ce aga9/ 8! re/or$ read+0 to :i* ,al=d invites att5tion1 7viz4 omitt+ & sub/itut+ = 47 is ov]:elm+4 ,only five copies 7,,bcltx7 omit 3 only f\r 7,,blt1 #ac7 omit 3 a v little h&ful are = sub/itut+ ) ! g5itive = 4 ,*rys41 ,apol9>is1 ,cyril ,j]us41 ,ammonius1 z well z e anci5t v]sion ( good repute1 prote/ aga9/ su* an exhibition ( ! text4 ,9 v]4 #ci1 only five read 7,,bdlt73 :ile is f\nd only 9 ,cod4 ,b4 ,accord+ly1 "s critics pref] ! imp]fect 1 :i* h[ev] is only f\nd 9 ,,dlt4 8,! read+ is rem>kable0 says ,al=d4 ,yes1 & cle>ly fabricat$4 ,! ord9>y text is "r4 #c4 ,besides ^! passages1 9 :i* !re is actual evid5ce ( a connexion subsi/+ betwe5 ! read+s :i* !y conta9 & ,orig51 ! sceptical "* ( ! ,vatican & ,s9aitic manuscripts af=ds a /rong pro( ( ! alliance betwe5 !m & ! ,orig5i/ic ,s*ool4 ,x mu/ be borne 9 m9d t ,orig5 0 n answ]able = all ! t5ets ( ! ,s*ool :i* bore 8 "n1 ev5 p]haps less ?an ,calv9 0 responsible = all t ,calv9i/s aft] him h held & taught4 ,orig5i/ic doctr9es came f ! bl5d+ ( philosophy ) ,*ri/ianity 9 ! s*ools ( ,alex&ria :]e ,orig5 0 ! mo/ em95t ( ! tea*]s engag$7#bdg74 ,,*apt] ,x4 ,,! ,,old ,,uncials4 ,,codex ,d4 #a7bdh74 ,x is specially rem>kable t ! ,canon ( ,holy ,scripture1 :i* l ! ,text _h met ) opposition1 0 be+ settl$ 9 ! lat] "p ( ! c5tury 9 :i* ^! two manuscripts 7 produc$1 or at ! beg9n+ ( ! next4 ,! two que/ions appe> to h met toge!r 9 ,eusebius4 ,8 latitud9>ian proclivities seem to h l$ him 9 8 celebrat$ words7#bdi7 to lay undue /ress ^u ! objections felt by "s p]sons to a few ( ! ,books ( ! ,new ,te/am5t2 & cause u !re=e n to wond] t he %\ld also h c\nt5anc$ ^? :o wi%$ )\t reason to leave out portions ( ! ,text4 ,n[ ! fir/ occasion1 z is well kn[n1 :5 we f9d all ! ,books ( ! ,new ,te/am5t recogniz$ ) au?ority occurr$ at ! ,c\ncil ( ,laodicea 9 #cfc ,a4,d41 if ! passage is g5u9e7#bej71 :i* is v d\btful2 & ! settlem5t ( ! ,canon :i* 0 ?us initiat$1 & 0 accompli%$ by ab\t ! end ( ! c5tury1 0 foll[$1 z 0 natural1 by ! settlem5t ( ! ,text4 ,b inasmu* z ! latt] involv$ a l>ge multitude ( intricate que/ions1 & corruption _h crept 9 & _h acquir$ a v firm hold1 x 0 long be=e univ]sal acquiesc5ce f9ally ensu$ ^u ! g5]al acceptance effect$ 9 ! "t ( ,/4 ,*ryso/om4 ,9 fact1 ! ,nature ( ! ,div9e ,^w1 & ! "* ( ! ,writt5 ,^w1 7 confirm$ ab\t ! same "t3--ma9ly1 9 ! p]iod :5 ! ,nic5e ,cre$ 0 re-ass]t$ at ! ,c\ncil ( ,con/ant9ople 9 #cha ,a4,d42 = ! ,canon ( ,holy ,scripture 0 fix$ & ! ,or?odox ,text ga9$ a supremacy ov] ! ,orig5i/ic ,text ab\t ! same "t3--& f9ally1 aft] ! ,?ird ,c\ncil ( ,con/ant9ople 9 #fhj ,a4,d41 at :i* ! ackn[l$gem5t ( ! ,natures ( ! ,son ( ,man 0 plac$ 9 a position sup]ior to all h]esy2 = x 0 !n t ! ,traditional ,text began 9 ne>ly p]fect =m to be h&$ d[n ) sc>ce any opposition to future ages ( ! ,*ur*4 ,besides ! multiplicity ( po9ts involv$1 ?ree special causes delay$ ! complete settlem5t ( ! ,text1 s f> z ! atta9m5t 0 conc]n$ all ov] ! ,*ur* ( g5]al accuracy ?r\gh\t ! ,gospels1 n to speak ( all ! ,new ,te/am5t4 #a4 ,orig5ism1 go+ beyond ,orig51 cont9u$ 9 =ce till x 0 condemn$ by ! ,fif? ,g5]al ,c\ncil 9 #eec ,a4,d41 & c\ld h>dly h :olly end$ 9 t ye>4 ,besides ?is1 controv]sies ^u fundam5tal tru?s agitat$ ! ,*ur*1 & impli$ a sceptical & wayw>d _s :i* w\ld be ready to su/a9 ali5 v>iations 9 ! writt5 ,^w1 till ! c5sure pass$ ^u ,mono!litism at ! ,six? ,g5]al ,c\ncil 9 #fhj ,a4,d4 #b4 ,! ,*ur* 0 t]ribly tri$ by ! ov]?r[ ( ! ,roman ,empire1 & ! irruption ( hordes ( ,b>b>ians3 & consequ5tly ,*ur*m5 7 oblig$ to retire into extreme bord]s1 z !y did into ,irel& 9 ! fif? c5tury7#bea71 & to sp5d _! en]gies 9 issu+ =? f !nce to reconqu] c\ntries = ! ,k+dom ( ,*ri/4 ,! resultant p>alysis ( ,*ri/ian ef=t mu/ h be5 deplorable4 ,libr>ies & _! treasures1 z at ,caes>ea & ,alex&ria "u ! h&s ( ,mahomm$ans 9 ! sev5? c5tury1 7 utt]ly de/roy$4 ,re/ & calmness1 pati5t & frequ5t /udy & debate1 books & o!r helps to rese>*1 mu/ h be5 9 ^? days h>d to get1 & 7 f> f be+ 9 su* read9ess z to fav\r g5]al improvem5t 9 a subject ( :i* extreme accuracy is ! v brea? & life4 #c4 ,! ,art ( ,writ+ on ,vellum _h h>dly pass$ its y\? at ! "t :5 ! ,text advocat$ by ,b & fell f9ally into disuse4 ,punctuation did b exi/ 9 ! occasional use ( ! full /op3 brea?+s or acc5ts 7 p]haps h>dly f\nd3 spell+1 bo? z reg>ds consonants & v[els1 0 unc]ta9 & rudim5tal4 ,s t ! ,art ( transcrib+ on vellum ev5 s f> z capital lett]s 7 conc]n$1 did n arrive at any?+ l maturity till ab\t ! eigh? c5tury4 ,b x mu/ n be imag9$ t manuscripts ( sub/antial accuracy did n exi/ dur+ ?is p]iod1 ?\gh !y h n desc5d$ to u4 ,! l>ge numb] ( ,uncials & ,cursives ( lat] ages mu/ h _h a goodly assemblage ( accurate pr$ecessors f :i* !y 7 copi$4 ,x is probable t ! m h&some & less correct copies h come into our h&s1 s9ce su* w\ld h be5 n s mu* us$1 & might h be5 9 ! possession ( ! m5 ( high] /ation ^: hea!n ance/ry _h bequea!d to !m less or?odox t5d5cies1 & ! mat]ial ( _m o!rs mu/ h be5 too p]i%able to la/4 ,arianism prevail$ dur+ mu* ( ! six? c5tury 9 ,italy1 ,africa1 ,burgundy1 & ,spa94 ,rud] & co>s] volumes1 ?\gh m accurate1 w\ld be readily surr5d]$ to de/ruction1 especially if !y surviv$ 9 m cultur$ desc5dants4 ,t a majority ( su* ,,mss4 exi/$1 :e!r ( a r\gh] or m poli%$ sort1 bo? 9 vellum & papyrus1 is prov$ by citations ( ,scripture f\nd 9 ! ,au?ors ( ! p]iod4 ,b ^? ,,mss4 :i* h be5 pres]v$ are n s p]fect z ! o!rs :i* h come f ! eigh? & foll[+ c5turies4 ,?us ,codex ,a1 ?\gh x exhibits a text m l ! ,traditional ?an ei!r ,b or 1 is f> f be+ a sure guide4 ,codex ,c1 :i* 0 writt5 lat] 9 ! fif? c5tury1 is only a fragm5t>y palimpse/1 i4e4 x 0 ?\ght to be ( s little value t ! books ( ,ephraem ! ,syrian 7 writt5 ov] ! ,greek3 x conta9s n m ?an two-?irds ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 & /&s z to ! "* ( its text betwe5 ,a & ,b4 ,codex ,q1 a fragm5t ( #bce v]ses1 & ,codex ,i ( #ace1 9 ! same c5tury1 are n l>ge en\gh to be tak5 into consid]ation "h4 ,codexes & 1 rec5tly discov]$1 be+ products ( ! end ( ! fif? or beg9n+ ( ! six?1 & conta9+ ,/4 ,mat!w & ,/4 ,m>k ne>ly complete1 are ( a g5]al "* simil> to ,a1 & ev9ce m advancem5t 9 ! ,art4 ,x is un=tunate inde$ t only a fragm5t ( ei!r ( !m1 ?\gh t fragm5t 9 ei!r case is pretty complete z f> z x goes1 has come into our h&s4 ,aft] !m succe$s ,codex ,d1 or ,codex ,bezae1 n[ 9 ! ,cambridge ,libr>y1 hav+ be5 bequea!d to ! ,univ]sity by ,!odore ,beza1 ^: "n x be>s4 ,x ends at ,acts xxii4 #bi4 #b4 ,codex ,d7#beb74 ,no "o c pret5d fully to und]/& ! "* ( ?is ,codex :o has n be5 at ! pa9s to collate e ^w ( x ) att5tion4 ,su* an "o w discov] t x omits 9 ! ,gospels alone no less ?an #c1gjd words2 adds to ! g5u9e text #b1bac2 sub/itutes #b1aba2 transposes #c1dga1 & modifies #a1ggb4 ,by ! "t he has made ?is discov]y 8 e/eem = ,cod4 ,d w1 x is presum$1 h exp]i5c$ s]i\s modification4 ,! total ( #ac1bha deflections f ! ,receiv$ ,text is a =midable objection to expla9 away4 ,ev5 ,dr4 ,hort speaks ( 8! prodigi\s am\nt ( error :i* ,d conta9s7#bec740 ,b ! intimate acqua9tance ) ! ,codex :i* he has ?us acquir$ has conduct$ him to c]ta9 o!r results1 :i* x is ( ! utmo/ importance t we %\ld p>ticul>ize & expla94 ,i4 ,& fir/1 ?is proves to be a text :i* 9 "o ,gospel is (t5 assimilat$ to ! o!rs4 ,& 9 fact ! assimilation is c>ri$ sometimes s f>1 t a passage f "o ,gospel is int]polat$ into ! p>allel passage 9 ano!r4 ,inde$ ! ext5t to :i* 9 ,cod4 ,d int]polations f ,/4 ,m>k's ,gospel are ins]t$ into ! ,gospel accord+ to ,/4 ,luke is ev5 a/\nd+4 ,betwe5 v]ses #ad & #ae ( ,/4 ,luke v4 ?irty-two words are int]polat$ f ! p>allel passage 9 ,/4 ,m>k i4 #de-;ii4 #a3 & 9 ! #aj? v]se ( ! vi? *apt] twelve words are introduc$ f ,/4 ,m>k ii4 #bg1 #bh4 ,9 ,/4 ,luke iv4 #cg1 1 8! report10 f ,/4 ,m>k i4 #bh1 is sub/itut$ = 1 8! s\nd10 :i* is read 9 ! o!r manuscripts4 ,besides ! introduction into ,/4 ,luke i4 #fd ( f ,/4 ,m>k vii4 #ce1 :i* w be describ$ bel[1 9 ,/4 ,luke v4 #bg sev5 words are br\ght f ! p>allel passage 9 ,/4 ,m>k ii4 #ad1 & ! entire passage is corrupt$7#bed74 ,9 giv+ ! ,"l's ,pray] 9 ,/4 ,luke xi4 #b1 ! scribe 9 fault mu/ ne$s illu/rate ! ,"l's say+ by int]polat+ an inaccurate transcription ( ! w>n+ aga9/ 8va9 repetitions0 giv5 by ,him be=e 9 ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt4 ,aga91 z to int]polation f o!r s\rces1 grossly en\gh1 ,/4 ,matt4 ii4 #bc is ?ru/ 9 at ! end ( ,/4 ,luke ii4 #ci2 t is to say1 ! scribe ( ,d1 or ( "s manuscript f :i* ,d 0 copi$1 ei!r directly or indirectly1 ?\ght fit to expla9 ! c>ry+ ( ! ,holy ,*ild to ,naz>e? by ! explanation giv5 by ,/4 ,mat!w1 b quot+ f memory wrote 8by ! prophet0 9 ! s+ul>1 in/ead ( 8by ! prophets0 9 ! plural7#bee74 ,simil>ly1 9 ,/4 ,luke iv4 #ca ^u ! m5tion ( ! "n ( ,cap]naum1 ,d mu/ ne$s ins]t f ,/4 ,matt4 iv4 #ac1 8:i* is ^u ! sea-coa/ )9 ! bord]s ( ,zabulon & ,neph?alim0 7 7sic7 74 ,inde$1 no adequate idea c be =m$ ( ! clums9ess1 ! co>s5ess ( ^! op]ations1 unless "s in/ances are giv53 b a few m mu/ suffice4 #a4 ,9 ,/4 ,m>k iii4 #bf1 our ,,"l deliv]s ! s+le /atem5t1 8,& if ,satan is ris5 aga9/ himself 7 7 & is divid$ 7 7 he _c /&1 b ha? an end 7 740 ,in/ead ( ?is1 ,d exhibits1 8,& if ,satan ca/ out ,satan1 he is divid$ aga9/ himself3 8 k+dom _c /&1 b ha? ! end 7 740 ,n[ ?is is cle>ly an imitation1 n a copy1 ( ! p>allel place 9 ,/4 ,matt4 xii4 #bf1 :]e also a tw(old /atem5t is made1 z e "o may see4 ,b ! reply is also a clumsy "o to ! "q ask$ 9 ,/4 ,m>k1 b n 9 ,/4 ,mat!w1 8,h[ c ,satan ca/ out ,satan80 ,le>n$ read]s h[ev] w fur!r note t x is ,/4 ,mat!w's 1 :]e ,/4 ,m>k wrote 1 :i* makes ! /atem5t possible = him :i* is impossible accord+ to ! repres5tation giv5 by ,d ( ,/4 ,m>k4 #b4 ,at ! end ( ! p>able ( ! p\nds1 ! scribe ( ,d1 or "o ( ^? :om he foll[$1 ?9k+ t ! idle s]vant 0 let (f too easily1 & confus+ ) ?is p>able ! o!r p>able ( ! tal5ts1--bl9d ( c\rse to ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! puni%m5ts inflict$ by a 8"l0 & ^? ( a new-made k+1--ins]ts ! #cj? v]se ( ,/4 ,matt4 xxv4 at ! end ( ,/4 ,luke xix4 #bg4 #c4 ,aga91 aft] ,/4 ,matt4 xx4 #bh1 :5 ! ,,"l _h rebuk$ ! _s ( ambition 9 ! two sons ( ,zeb$ee1 & _h direct$ ,8 disciples n to seek prec$5ce1 en=c+ ! lesson f ,8 own example z %ewn 9 giv+ ,8 ,life a ransom = _m1 ,d ins]ts ! foll[+ ta/eless passage3 8,b ye seek to increase f a little1 & f ! great] to be some?+ less7#bef740 ,nor is ?is en\gh3--an addition is also made f ,/4 ,luke xiv4 #h-aj1 be+ ! well-kn[n passage ab\t tak+ ! l[e/ room at fea/s4 ,b ?is additional int]polation is 9 /yle & language unlike ! words ( any ,gospels1 & ends ) ! vapid piece ( in=mation1 8& ?is %all be useful to !e40 ,x is rem>kable t1 :]eas ,d 0 alone 9 =m] errors1 "h x becomes a foll[] 9 "o "p or o!r ( ! passage ( twelve ,old ,lat9 manuscripts7#beg73 & inde$ ! ,greek 9 ! passage 9 ,d is evid5tly a v]sion ( ! ,syrio-,l[-,lat94 ,! foll[+ words1 or =ms ( words or phrases1 are n f\nd 9 ! re/ ( ! ,n4,t43 7aor4 "p4 rogati or vocati71 7recumbite71 7em95tioribus71 7invitator ca5ae71 7adhuc infra acc$e71 7loco inf]iori71 7inf]ior71 7collige adhuc sup]ius74 ,^! ,lat9 expressions are tak5 f "o or o!r ( ! twelve ,old ,lat9 ,,mss4 ,outside ( ! ,lat91 ! ,curetonian is ! sole ally1 ! ,lewis be+ mutilat$1 ( ! flighty ,old ,uncial "u consid]ation4 ,^! passages are surely en\gh to repres5t to ! read] ! int]polations ( ,codex ,d1 :e!r aris+ f assimilation or o!rwise4 ,! description giv5 by ! v le>n$ editor ( ?is ,,ms4 is 9 ! foll[+ words3--8,no kn[n manuscript conta9s s _m bold & ext5sive int]polations 7six hundr$1 x is said1 9 ! ,acts alone71 c\nt5anc$1 :]e !y are n absolutely unsupport$1 *iefly by ! ,old ,lat9 & ! ,curetonian v]sion7#beh740 ,,ii4 ,!re are also traces ( extreme lic5ti\sness 9 ?is copy ( ! ,gospels :i* call = di/9ct notice4 ,sometimes words or expressions are sub/itut$3 sometimes ! s5se is *ang$1 & utt] confusion introduc$3 delicate t]ms or =ms are ignor$3 & a g5]al corruption ensues4 ,i mean = example su* expressions z ! foll[+1 :i* are all f\nd 9 ! c\rse ( a s+le v]se 7,/4 ,m>k iv4 #a74 ,/4 ,m>k relates t once :5 our ,,savi\r 0 tea*+ 8by ! sea-side0 77 !re assembl$ s va/ a conc\rse ( p]sons t 8,he w5t into ! %ip1 & sat 9 ! sea10 all ! multitude be+ 8on ! l&1 t[>ds ! sea03 i4e4 ) _! faces turn$ 9 ! direction ( ! %ip 9 :i* ,he 0 sitt+4 ,0 a pla9 /ory ev] bett] told8 ,b accord+ to ,d ! facts ( ! case 7 q diff]5t4 ,fir/1 x 0 our ,,savi\r :o 0 tea*+ 8t[>ds ! sea0 774 ,next1 9 consequ5ce ( ! cr[d1 ,he cross$ ov]1 & 8sat on ! o!r side ( ! sea0 774 ,la/ly1 ! multitude--foll[$ ,him1 ,i suppose2 = !y also--87 on ! o!r side ( ! sea0 77 444 ,n[ ,i =give ! scribe = 8 two transpositions & 8 ungrammatical sub/itution ( = 4 ,b ,i insi/ t a ,,ms4 :i* circulates incid5ts aft] ?is fa%ion _c be reg>d$ z tru/wor?y4 ,v]se #b beg9s 9 ! same lic5ti\s way4 ,in/ead (1--8,& ,he taught !m _m ?+s 77 9 p>ables10 we are in=m$ t 8,he taught !m 9 _m p>ables0 774 ,:o w say t we are ev] safe ) su* a guide8 #c4 ,all are aw>e t ! two ,evangelical acc\nts ( our ,,"l',s human desc5t exhibit c]ta9 di/9ctive features4 ,/4 ,mat!w di/ributes ! #db names 9 8! book ( ! g5]ations ( ,,jesus ,,*ri/1 ! son ( ,david1 ! son ( ,abraham10 into ?ree f\rte5s2 & requires u to recognize 9 ! ( v]4 #aa a diff]5t p]son 7viz4 ,jehoiakim7 f ! ( v]4 #ab 7viz4 ,jehoia*974 ,moreov]1 9 ord] to produce ?is symmetry ( arrangem5t1 he leaves out ! names ( #c k+s1--,ahaziah1 ,joa%1 ,amaziah3 & omits at lea/ #i g5]ations ( ,zorobabel's desc5dants7#bei74 ,! my/ical correspond5ce betwe5 ! #db /eps 9 our ,,savi\r',s human desc5t f ,abraham1 & ! #db /ations ( ! ,israelites on _! way to ,canaan7#bfj71 has be5 (t5 rem>k$ ^u4 ,x ext5ds to ! fact t ! /ations also 71 hi/orically1 f> m ?an #db4 ,& s mu* = :at is conta9$ 9 ,/4 ,mat!w's ,gospel4 ,/4 ,luke1 :o enum]ates ! #gg /eps ( 8 g5ealogy 9 backw>d ord]1 d]ives ! desc5t ( 8,,jesus1 ! son ( ,joseph0 f 8,adam1 ! son ( ,,god40 ,he traces our ,,"l',s desc5t f ,david & aga9 f ,zorobabel ?r\gh a diff]5t l9e ( ance/ry f t adopt$ by ,/4 ,mat!w4 ,he introduces a second 8,ca9an0 betwe5 ,arphaxad & ,sala 7v]4 #ce1 #cf74 ,! only names :i* ! two tables ( desc5t h 9 common are ^! five1--,david1 ,sala?iel1 ,zorobabel1 ,joseph1 ,,jesus4 ,b ,cod4 ,d--7f :i* ! fir/ *apt] ( ,/4 ,mat!w's ,gospel has long s9ce disappe>$7--9 ,/4 ,luke iii4 exhibits a purely fabricat$ table ( desc5t4 ,to put "o "n = ano!r1--z :5 ,a writes 8,%em0 in/ead ( ,se?3 to misspell a "n until x ceases to be recognizable1--z :5 writes 8,balls0 = ,boaz3 to turn "o "n into two by cutt+ x 9 half1--z :]e writes 8,adm90 & 8,adam0 in/ead ( ,am9adab3 or aga91 9 defiance ( au?ority1 to leave a "n out1--z :5 ,a omits ,ma9an & ,ph>ez2 or to put a "n 91--z :5 ,v]ona ,lat4 7b7 ins]ts 8,jo>am0 aft] ,aram3--) all su* in/ances ( lic5ce ! 8old ,uncials0 h made u abundantly famili>4 ,b we are n prep>$ to f9d t 9 place ( ! fir/ #ah names :i* foll[ ^? ( 8,,jesus0 & 8,joseph0 9 ,/4 ,luke's g5ealogy 7viz4 ,heli to ,rhesa inclusive71 ,d introduces ! #i imm$iate ance/ors ( ,joseph 7viz4 ,abiud to ,jacob7 z enum]at$ by ,/4 ,mat!w1--?us abbreviat+ ,/4 ,luke's g5ealogy by #i names4 ,next1--8,zorobabel0 & 8,sala?iel0 be+ common to bo? g5ealogies1--9 place ( ! #bj names f\nd 9 ,/4 ,luke betwe5 ,sala?iel & ,david 7viz4 ,n]i to ,na?an inclusive71 ,cod4 ,d pres5ts u ) ! #ae royal desc5dants ( ,david enum]at$ by ,/4 ,mat!w 7viz4 ,solomon to ,jehoia*97#bfa7 inclusive72--infelicit\sly inv5t+ an imag9>y g5]ation1 by /yl+ ,jehoiakim 8! son ( ,eliakim10--be+ n aw>e t 8,jehoiakim0 & 8,eliakim0 are "o & ! same p]son3 &1 9 defiance ( ! fir/ ,evangeli/1 supply+ ! names ( ! #c k+s omitt$ by ,/4 ,mat!w 7i4 #h71 viz4 ,ahaziah1 ,joa%1 & ,amaziah4 ,only #cd names foll[ 9 ,cod4 ,d2 ! second 8,ca9an0 be+ omitt$4 ,9 ?is way1 ! numb] ( ,/4 ,luke's names is r$uc$ f #gg to #ff4 ,a m flagrant in/ance ( t lic5ti\s h&l+ ( ! deposit :i* 0 a common ph5om5on 9 ,we/]n ,*ri/5dom is seldom to be met )7#bfb74 ,?is p>ticul> fabrication is happily ! peculi> prop]ty ( ,cod4 ,d2 & we are tempt$ to ask1 :e!r x assi/s 9 recomm5d+ t s+ul> monum5t ( injudici\s & arbitr>y textual revision to ! fav\r ( "o ( ! mod]n s*ools ( ,critics4 #d4 ,we repeat t ! ill treatm5t :i* ! deposit has exp]i5c$ at ! h&s ( ^? :o fabricat$ ! text ( ,cod4 ,d is only to be und]/ood by ^? :o w be at ! pa9s to /udy its read+s ?r\gh\t4 ,con/antly to sub/itute ! wrong ^w = ! "r "o2 or at all ev5ts to introduce a less significant expression3 on c\ntless occasions to m> ! details ( "s preci\s incid5t2 & to obscure ! purpose ( ! ,evangeli/ by ta/elessly & s5selessly di/urb+ ! inspir$ text1--?is w be f\nd to be ! rule ) ,cod4 ,d ?r\gh\t4 ,z ano!r example add$ to ^? already cit$3--,9 ,/4 ,luke xxii1 ,d omits v]se #bj1 conta9+ ! ,in/itution ( ! ,cup1 evid5tly f a wi% to correct ! sacr$ acc\nt by remov+ ! second m5tion ( ! ,cup f ! record ( ! ?ird ,evangeli/4 ,/4 ,m>k 7xv4 #dc7 in=ms u t1 on ! aft]noon ( ! fir/ ,good ,friday1 ,joseph ( ,arima?aea 8tak+ c\rage w5t 9 77 to ,pilate & reque/$ to h ! body 77 ( ,jesus03 t 8,pilate wond]$ 77 at he>+ t ,he 0 dead 77 already3 & s5d+ = ! c5turion :o _h presid$ at ! ,crucifixion inquir$ ( him if ,,jesus _h be5 dead long80 7 47 ,b ! au?or ( ,cod4 ,d1 besides sub/itut+ 8w5t0 77 = 8w5t 910--8corpse0 77 = 8body0 7:i* by ! way he repeats 9 v]4 #de71--;& a s5tim5t ( 8cont9u\s wond]0 77 = ! fact ( a/oni%m5t :i* ,joseph's reque/ inspir$1--hav+ also sub/itut$ ! prosaic = ! graphic ( ! ,evangeli/1--repres5ts ,pilate z inquir+ ( ! c5turion 8if inde$ ,,jesus 0 dead already80 7 2 si jam mortuus esset871 :]eby n only is all ! ref9em5t ( ! orig9al lo/1 b ! facts ( ! case also are s]i\sly misrepres5t$4 ,= ,pilate did n d\bt ,joseph's tid+s4 ,he only wond]$ at !m4 ,& 8 inquiry 0 made n ) a view to te/+ ! v]acity ( 8 in=mant1 b = ! satisfaction ( 8 own curiosity z to ! "t :5 8 ,victim _h expir$4 ,n[ x mu/ n be suppos$ t ,i h fa/5$ unfairly on an exceptional v]se & a half 7,/4 ,m>k xv4 half ( v4 #dc & all v4 #dd7 ( ! second ,gospel4 ,! read] is reque/$ to ref] to ! note7#bfc71 :]e he w f9d set d[n a collation ( eight consecutive v]ses 9 ! selfsame context3 viz4 ,/4 ,m>k xv4 #dg to xvi4 #g inclusive2 aft] an att5tive survey ( :i* he w n be dispos$ to d5y t only by c\rtesy c su* an exhibition ( ! orig9al v]ity z ,cod4 ,d be call$ 8a copy0 at all4 ,_h ! g5u9e text be5 copi$ ov] & ov] aga9 till ! crack ( doom1 ! result c\ld nev] h be5 ?is4 ,!re are 9 fact b #aag words to be transcrib$3 & ( ^! no less ?an #fg--mu* m ?an half--h be5 ei!r omitt$ 7#ba71 or else add$ 7#aa72 sub/itut$ 7#aj71 or else transpos$ 7#aa72 deprav$ 7#ab1 z by writ+ = 71 or actually blund]$ 7#b1 z by writ+ = 74 ,?ree times ! con/ruction has be5 alt]$1--once inde$ v s]i\sly1 = ! ,angel at ! sepul*re is made to p]sonate ,*ri/4 ,la/ly1 five ( ! corrupt read+s are ! result ( ,assimilation4 ,:]eas ! evangeli/ wrote 1 :at else b a lic5ti\s p>aphrase is ! foll[+1-- 8 ,?is is 9 fact a fabricat$1 n an hone/ly transcrib$ text3 & x _c be too cle>ly und]/ood t su* a text 7m or less fabricat$1 ,i mean7 is exhibit$ by ,codexes ,b,d ?r\gh\t4 #e4 ,x is rem>kable t :5ev] ! con/ruction is some:at h>% or obscure1 ,d & ! ,lat9 copies are obs]v$ freely to transpose1--to supply1--& ev5 slightly to p>aphrase1--9 ord] to br+ out ! presum$ mean+ ( ! orig9al4 ,an example is furni%$ by ,/4 ,luke i4 #fe1 :]e ! ,evangeli/1 hav+ relat$ t ,za*>ias wrote--8,8 "n is ,john10 adds1--8& all wond]$4 ,& 8 m\? 0 op5$ imm$iately1 & 8 tongue1 & he spake prais+ ,,god40 ,! mean+ ( c\rse is t 8 tongue 80 loos$40 ,accord+ly ,d actually supplies 1--! ,lat9 copies1 8resoluta e/40 ,b ,d does m4 ,presum+ t :at occasion$ ! 8wond]0 0 n s mu* :at ,za*>ias wrote on ! tablet z ! re/or$ gift ( spee*1 x puts t clause fir/1--+5i\sly transpos+ ! fir/ two words 7 72 ! result ( :i* is ! foll[+ s5t5ce3--8,& imm$iately 8 tongue 0 loos$2 & all wond]$4 ,& 8 m\? 0 op5$1 & he spake prais+ ,,god04444 ,9 ! next v]se x is relat$ t 8fe> came ^u all :o dwelt r\nd ab\t !m40 ,b ! ord] ( ! words 9 ! orig9al be+ unusual 7 71 ,d & ! ,lat9 copies transpose !m3 7inde$ ! ?ree ,syriac d ! same73 b ,d b c gratuit\sly introduce an epi!t1-- 4444 ,9 v]4 #gj1 ! expression appe>+ h>% 0 7by transpos+ ! words7 alt]$ into ?is1 :i* is ! easy & m obvi\s ord]3 4444 ,s aga9 9 v]4 #ga3 ! phrase seem+ obscure1 ! words 7:i* foll[7 7 by ,d sub/itut$ = 4 ,! result 7 comp>e v]4 #gd1 7 is c]ta9ly easi] read+3 b--l e o!r *ange f\nd 9 ! same context--x lab\rs "u ! fatal condemnation ( be+ an unau?oriz$ human gloss4 ,! ph5om5on h[ev] :i* p]plexes me mo/ 9 ,cod4 ,d is t x ab\nds 9 fabricat$ read+s :i* h no?+ :atev] to recomm5d !m4 ,n cont5t$ ) ,/4 ,luke's expression 8to ?ru/ out a little 77 f ! l&0 7v4 #c71 ! scribe writes 4 ,9 v]4 #e1 in/ead ( 8,i w let d[n ! net0 7 7 he makes ,/4 ,pet] reply1 8,i w n neglect to obey0 7 74 ,s1 = 8& :5 !y _h ?is done10 he writes 8& :5 !y _h /raightway let d[n ! nets03 & imm$iately aft]1 in/ead ( we are pres5t$ ) 4 ,x is v difficult to acc\nt = ?is1 except on an hypo!sis :i* ,i confess recomm5ds itself to me m & m3 viz4 t !re 7 9 circulation 9 "s places dur+ ! e>lie/ ages ( ! ,*ur* ,evangelical p>aphrases1 or at lea/ free exhibitions ( ! *ief ,gospel incid5ts1--to :i* ! critics resort$2 & f :i* ! less judici\s did n hesitate to borr[ expressions & ev5 occasionally to extract %ort passages4 ,su* loose repres5tations ( passages mu/ h prevail$ bo? 9 ,syria1 & 9 ! ,we/ :]e ,greek 0 n s well und]/ood1 & :]e translators into ! v]nacul> ,lat9 express$ !mselves ) less precision1 :il/ !y attempt$ also to expla9 ! passages translat$4 ,?is notion1 viz4 t x is )9 ! prov9ce ( a ,copyi/ to int]pret ! orig9al be=e him1 cle>ly lies at ! root ( _m a s-call$ 8v>i\s read+40 ,?us = ! difficult 79 ,/4 ,m>k xiv4 #gb71 8:5 he ?\ght !reon0 7i4e4 8:5 9 self-ab&onm5t he flung himself ^u ! ?\ght071 8he wept10 ,d exhibits 1 8& he began to weep10 a mu* easi] & a v natural expression1 only t x is n ! "r "o1 & does n express all t ! true words convey4 ,h5ce also ! transposition by ,d & "s ,old ,lat9 ,,mss4 ( ! clause 8= x 0 v great0 f xvi4 #d1 :]e x seems to be out ( place1 to v]4 #c :]e x seems to be necess>y4 ,eusebius is obs]v$ to h employ$ a ,,ms4 simil>ly corrupt4 ,h5ce aga9 ! frequ5t unau?oriz$ ins]tion ( a nom9ative case to det]m9e ! s5se3 e4g4 8! angel10 xvi4 #f1 8,joseph10 xv4 #df1 or ! sub/itution ( ! "n int5d$ = ! pron\n1--z 7sic7 = 9 ,/4 ,luke i4 #da4 ,h5ce 9 xvi4 #g1 in/ead (1 8,he goe? be=e y into ,galilee1 !re %all ye see ,him z ,he said unto y10--,d exhibits1--8,behold1 ,i g be=e y into ,galilee1 !re %all ye see ,me1 z ,i told y40 ,z if x _h be5 ?\ght all[able to recall 9 ?is place ! fact t our ,,savi\r _h once 7,/4 ,matt4 xxvi4 #cb1 ,/4 ,m>k xiv4 #bh7 spok5 ^! words 9 ,8 own p]son4 ,& 9 no o!r way c ,i expla9 ,d's vapid sub/itution1 made z if f habit1 ( 8a ,galilean city0 = 8a city ( ,galilee1 nam$ ,naz>e?0 9 ,/4 ,luke i4 #bf4 ,h5ce ! frequ5t ins]tion ( a :olly manufactur$ clause 9 ord] to imp>t a little m cle>ness to ! /ory--z ( ! words 88 "n0 7aft] 8%all be call$07--into ,/4 ,luke i4 #fj4 ,^! passages af=d expressions ( a feature 9 ?is ,manuscript to :i* we mu/ aga9 invite p>ticul> att5tion4 ,x reveals to close obs]vation frequ5t indications ( an attempt1 n to supply a fai?ful repres5tation ( ! v words ( ,holy ,scripture & no?+ m ?an ^? words1 b to int]pret1 to illu/rate1--9 a ^w1--to be a ,t>gum4 ,( c\rse1 su* a design or t5d5cy is absolutely fatal to ! accuracy ( a transcrib]4 ,yet ! habit is too /rongly m>k$ ^u ! pages ( ,codex ,d to admit ( any d\bt :e!r x exi/$ or n7#bfd74 ,9 speak+ ( ! "* ( a ,,ms4 "o is (t5 con/ra9$ to di/+ui% betwe5 ! read+s & ! scribe4 ,! read+s may be cle>ly fabricat$3 b !re may be evid5ce t ! copyi/ 0 an accurate & pa9/ak+ p]son4 ,on ! o!r h&1 obvi\sly ! scribe may h be5 a consid]able blund]]1 & yet x may be cle> t he 0 furni%$ ) an admirable ar*etype4 ,9 ! case ( ,d we are pres5t$ ) ! al>m+ concurr5ce ( a fabricat$ ar*etype & ei!r a blund]+ scribe1 or a c\rse ( blund]+ scribes4 ,b !n fur!r1--,"o is (t5 oblig$ 7if "o w\ld be accurate7 to di/+ui% betwe5 ! p5man :o actually produc$ ! ,,ms41 & ! critical read] = :om he toil$4 ,x w\ld really seem h[ev] z if ! actual transcrib] ( ,d1 or ! transcrib]s ( ! ance/ors ( ,d1 _h inv5t$ "s ( ^? mon/r\s read+s z !y w5t on4 ,! ,lat9 v]sion :i* is f\nd 9 ?is ,,ms4 exactly reflects1 z a rule1 ! ,greek on ! opposite page3 b sometimes x be>s witness to ! admitt$ tru? ( ,scripture1 :ile ! ,greek goes (f 9 alia omnia7#bfe74 #f4 ,x w ( c\rse be ask$1--,b :y may n ,d be 9 e respect an exact copy1--l9e = l9e1 ^w = ^w1 lett] = lett]1--( "s e>li] ar*etype8 ,to e/abli% ! rev]se ( ?is1 s z to put ! result beyond ! rea* ( controv]sy1 is impossible4 ,! "q dep5ds ^u reasons purely critical1 & is n ( prim>y importance4 ,= all practical purposes1 x is /ill ,codex ,d ( :i* we speak4 ,:5 ,i "n 8,codex ,d0 ,i mean ( c\rse no?+ else b ,codex ,d accord+ to ,scriv5]'s repr9t ( ! text4 ,& if x be a true hypo!sis t ! actual ,codex ,d is no?+ else b ! transcript ( ano!r ,codex /rictly id5tical ) itself1 !n x is cle>ly a matt] ( small importance ( :i* ( ! two ,i speak4 ,:5 8,codex ,d0 is cit$1 x is ! cont5ts ( ,codex ,d :i* are meant1 & no o!r ?+4 ,& ^u ?is po9t x may be obs]v$1 t ,d is *iefly rem>kable z be+ ! only ,greek ,codex7#bff7 :i* exhibits ! highly corrupt text f\nd 9 "s ( ! ,old ,lat9 manuscripts1 & may be tak5 z a survival f ! second c5tury4 ,! g5ius ( ?is family ( copies is f\nd to h be5-- #a4 ,to sub/itute "o expression = ano!r1 & g5]ally to p>aphrase4 #b4 ,to remove difficulties1 & :]e a difficult expression pres5t$ itself1 to introduce a conjectural em5dation ( ! text4 ,= example1 ! passage already notic$ ab\t ! ,publican go+ d[n to 8 h\se 8ju/ifi$ r ?an ! o!r0 is alt]$ into 8ju/ifi$ m ?an t ,ph>isee0 7 4 ,/4 ,luke xviii4 #ad77bfg74 #c4 ,to omit :at might seem to be sup]flu\s4 ,?us ! v]se1 8,"l1 he ha? t5 p\nds0 7,/4 ,luke xix4 #be7 is simply left out7#bfh74 ,en\gh has be5 surely said to prove amply t ! text ( ,codex ,d is utt]ly untru/wor?y4 ,inde$1 ! habit ( int]polation f\nd 9 x1 ! con/ant t5d5cy to expla9 r ?an to report1 ! lic5ti\sness exhibit$ ?r\gh\t1 & ! isolation 9 :i* ?is ,,ms4 is f\nd1 except 9 cases :]e "s ( ! ,l[-,lat9 ,v]sions & ,cureton's ,syriac1 & p]haps ! ,lewis1 be> x company1 r5d] ! text f\nd 9 x ! f\le/ 9 exi/5ce4 ,:at !n is to be ?\ght ( ^? critics :o ^u ! exclusive au?ority ( ?is un/able (f5d] & ( a few ( ! ,italic copies occasionally alli$ ) x1 endeav\r to introduce *anges 9 face ( ! opposition ( all o!r au?orities8 ,& s9ce _! ability is unque/ion$1 mu/ we n seek = ! causes ( _! s+ul> action 9 ! !ory to :i* !y are devot$8 #g4 ,be=e we take leave ( ! ,old ,uncials1 x w be well to invite att5tion to a *>act]i/ic feature 9 !m1 :i* is j :at ! read] w\ld expect :o has att5d$ to all t has be5 said1 & :i* adds confirmation to ! doctr9e "h prop\nd$4 ,! clumsy & ta/eless "* ( "s at lea/ ( ! ,old ,uncials has come already "u obs]vation4 ,?is 0 9 great measure produc$ by con/antly rubb+ (f delicate expressions :i* add bo? to ! mean+ & ! symmetry ( ! ,sacr$ ,record4 ,we proce$ to give a few examples1 n to prove our position1 s9ce x mu/ surely be evid5t en\gh to ! eyes ( any accompli%$ s*ol>1 b z specim5s1 & only specim5s1 ( ! loss :i* ! ,inspir$ ,^w w\ld su/a9 if ! ,old ,uncials 7 to be foll[$4 ,space w n admit ( a full discussion ( ?is matt]4 ,an int]e/+ ref9em5t ( expression1 :i* has be5 hopelessly obscur$ ?r\gh ! proclivity ( ,,bd to fall into error1 is f\nd 9 ,/4 ,matt4 xxvi4 #ga4 ,! ,evangeli/ describ+ ! second ( ,/4 ,pet]'s d5ials notes t ! damsel :o saw him said to ! by/&]s1 8,?is man too 77 0 ) ,jesus ( ,naz>e?40 ,! ?ree ,,mss4 j m5tion$ omit ! 4 ,no o!r ,,ms41 ,uncial or ,cursive1 foll[s !m4 ,!y h only ! support ( ! un/able ,sahidic7#bfi74 ,! loss inflict$ is pat5t3 comm5t is ne$less4 ,ano!r in/ance1 :]e pov]ty ( mean+ w\ld be ! obvi\s result if ! acceptance by "s critics ( ! lead ( ! same trio ( ,uncials 7 endors$1 may be f\nd 9 ! description ( :at ! %eph]ds did :5 !y _h se5 ! ,holy ,*ild 9 ! mang]4 ,in/ead ( 8!y made kn[n abroad0 771 we %\ld simply h 8!y made kn[n0 774 ,we are incl9$ to say1 8,:y ?is clipp+ & prun+ to ! manife/ disadvantage ( ! sacr$ deposit40 ,only ! satellite ,l & & six ,cursives ) a s+le passage f ,eusebius are on ! same side4 ,! re/ 9 ov]:elm+ majority condemn su* rud5ess7#bgj74 #h4 ,! und\bt$ly g5u9e expression 1 7:i* is ! traditional read+ ( ,/4 ,john ix4 #cf71 loses its *>act]i/ic 9 ,cod4 99,,al1--?\gh x reta9s x 9 ! re/ ( ! uncials & 9 all ! cursives4 ,! is f\nd 9 ! ,complut5sian1--because ! editors foll[$ _! copies3 x is n f\nd 9 ! ,textus ,receptus only because ,erasmus did n z 9 cases be=e m5tion$ foll[ 84 ,! same ref9em5t ( expression recurs 9 ! ,traditional ,text ( *4 xiv4 #bb 71 71 & exp]i5c$ precisely ! same fate at ! h&s ( ! two e>lie/ editors ( ! pr9t$ ,greek ,text4 ,x is also aga9 fai?fully upheld 9 its integrity by ! :ole body ( ! cursives1--always except+ 8#cc04 ,b 7z be=e7 9 uncials ( bad "*1 z ,,bdl 7ev5 by ,,aex7 ! is omitt$1--= :i* insuffici5t reason x has be5 omitt$ by ! ,revis]s likewise1--not)/&+ ! fact t x is ma9ta9$ 9 all ! o!r uncials4 ,z is manife/ 9 mo/ ( ^! in/ances1 ! ,v]sions1 be+ made into languages ) o!r idioms ?an ,greek1 c be> no witness2 & also t ^! delicate embelli%m5ts w\ld be (t5 bru%$ (f 9 quotations1 z well z by scribes & s-call$ correctors4 ,we h n f> to look = o!r in/ances ( ?is4 ,/4 ,mat!w 7i4 #ah7 beg9s 8 n>rative1-- 4 ,n[1 z read]s ( ,greek are aw>e1 ! little untranslat$ 7because untranslateable7 ^w exhibit$ 9 capitals7#bga7 /&s ) peculi> idiomatic =ce & propriety imm$iately aft] ! fir/ ^w ( su* a s5t5ce z ! =ego+1 be+ employ$ 9 compliance ) /rictly classical usage7#bgb73 & ?\gh x might easily come to be omitt$ ?r\gh ! c>elessness or ! lic5ti\sness ( copyi/s1 yet x c\ld n by any possibility h univ]sally e/abli%$ itself 9 copies ( ! ,gospel--z x has done--_h x be5 an unau?oriz$ accretion to ! text4 ,we f9d x recogniz$ 9 ,/4 ,matt4 i4 #ah by ,eusebius7#bgc71 by ,basil7#bgd71 by ,epiphanius7#bge71 by ,*ryso/om7#bgf71 by ,ne/orius7#bgg71 by ,cyril7#bgh71 by ,&reas ,cret47#bgi73 :i* is ev5 extraord9>y2 = ! is n at all requir$ = purposes ( quotation4 ,b ! ess5tial circum/ance z usual is1 t is f\nd besides 9 ! :ole body ( ! manuscripts4 ,! only uncials 9 fact :i* omit ! idiomatic p>ticle are f\r ( old] date1 viz4 ,b,c99,z4 ,?is same p>ticle 77 has l$ to an extraord9>y am\nt ( confusion 9 ano!r place1 :]e its idiomatic propriety has evid5tly be5 nei!r felt nor und]/ood1--viz4 9 ,/4 ,luke xviii4 #ad4 8,?is man0 7says our ,,"l7 8w5t d[n to 8 h\se ju/ifi$ r ?an0 7 7 8! o!r40 ,s*ol>s recognize "h an exquisitely idiomatic expression1 :i* 9 fact obta9s s univ]sally 9 ! ,traditional ,text t its g5u95ess is altoge!r above suspicion4 ,x is v\*$ = by #af uncials head$ by ,a1 & by ! cursives 9 ! proportion ( #ejj to #a4 ,! ,complut5sian has x1 ( c\rse3 & s w\ld ! ,textus ,receptus h x1 if ,erasmus _h foll[$ 8 ,,ms43 b 8praef]o0 7he says7 8quod e/ usitatius apud probos autores40 ,uncong5ial z ! expression is to ! o!r languages ( antiquity1 is fai?fully reta9$ 9 ! ,go?ic & 9 ! ,h>kleian ,v]sion7#bhj74 ,p>tly h[ev]1 because x is ( v r>e occurr5ce & 0 !re=e n und]/ood7#bha71 & p>tly because :5 writt5 9 uncials x easily got p]v]t$ into some?+ else1 ! expression has met ) a /range fate4 is f\nd to h sugge/$1 or else to h be5 mi/ak5 =1 bo? 7#bhb7 & 7#bhc74 ,! prevail+ exp$i5t h[ev] 01 to get rid ( ! --to turn into 1--&1 = to write 7#bhd74 ,! uncials :i* exhibit ?is /range corruption ( ! text are exclusively t quat]nion :i* h already come s (t5 be=e u1--viz4 ,b,,dl4 ,b ,d improves ^u ! blund] ( its pr$ecessors by writ+1 l a ,t>gum1 7sic71 & by add+ 7) ! ,old ,lat9 & ! ,pe%itto7 1--an exhibition ( ! text :i* 7x is ne$less to say7 is p]fectly unique7#bhe74 ,& h[ has ! place f>$ at ! h&s ( "s ,textual critics8 ,la*mann & ,tregelles 7=sak5 by ,tis*5dorf7 ( c\rse foll[ ,codd4 ,b,,dl4 ,! ,revis]s 7) ,dr4 ,hort7--n lik+ to foll[ ,b,,dl1 & unable to adopt ! ,traditional ,text1 suff] ! read+ ( ! ,textus ,receptus 7 7 to /&1--?\gh a solit>y cursive 7,evan4 #a7 is all ! manuscript au?ority t c be adduc$ 9 its fav\r4 ,9 effect1 may be said to be )\t manuscript au?ority7#bhf74 ,! po9t to be notic$ 9 all ?is is1 t ! true read+ ( ,/4 ,luke xviii4 #ad has be5 fai?fully reta9$ by ! ,,mss4 9 all c\ntries & all d[n ! ages1 n only by ! :ole body ( ! cursives1 b by e uncial 9 exi/5ce except f\r4 ,& ^? f\r are ,b,,dl4 ,b really ! occasions are )\t numb] :5 m9ute words h dropp$ out ( ,b & _! allies1--& yet h be5 fai?fully reta9$1 all ?r\gh ! c5turies1 by ! lat] ,uncials & despis$ ,cursive copies4 ,9 ,/4 ,john xvii4 #b1 = in/ance1 we read-- 1 3 :]e is omitt$ by ,,abcd3 & 7aft] 7 by ,,bc4 ,"s critics w ( c\rse insi/ t1 on ! contr>y1 bo? words are spuri\s accretions to ! text ( ! cursives2 & !y mu/ say s1 if !y w4 ,b does x n s5sibly impair _! confid5ce 9 to f9d t x1 & x only1 exhibits 7= 7 9 v]4 #a1-- 7= 7 9 v]4 #b1 :ile ,b are peculi> 9 writ+ )\t ! article 9 v]4 #a8 ,en\gh has surely be5 said to exhibit & illu/rate ?is rude *>act]i/ic ( ! few ,old ,copies :i* out ( ! va/ numb] ( _! contempor>ies are all t we n[ possess4 ,! exi/5ce ( ?is *>act]i/ic is indubitable & und\bt$3 x is 9 a measure ackn[l$g$ by ,dr4 ,hort 9 words on :i* we %all rem>k 9 ! ensu+ *apt]7#bhg74 ,our read]s %\ld obs]ve t ! 8rubb+ (f0 process has by no means be5 conf9$ to p>ticles l & 1 b has ext5d$ to t5ses1 o!r =ms ( words1 & 9 fact to all k9ds ( delicacies ( expression4 ,! results h be5 f\nd all ?r\gh ! ,gospels3 sacr$ & ref9$ mean+1 su* z accompli%$ s*ol>s w appreciate 9 a mom5t1 has be5 p>$ (f & ca/ away4 ,if p w\ld only exam9e ,b1 & ,d 9 _! b>e unpres5tabl5ess1 !y w\ld see ! loss :i* ^? ,,mss4 h su/a9$1 z comp>$ ) ! ,text support$ by ! ov]:elm+ mass ( au?orities3 & !y w\ld refuse to put _! tru/ any long] 9 su* imp]fect1 rudim5t>y1 & ill-tra9$ guides4 ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,,! ,,lat] ,,uncials ,,& ,,! ,,cursives4 #a7bhh74 ,! nature ( ,tradition is v imp]fectly und]/ood 9 _m qu>t]s2 & mi/akes respect+ x lie close to ! root1 if !y are n !mselves ! root1 ( ! *ief errors 9 ,textual ,criticism4 ,we mu/ !re=e devote "s space to a brief explanation ( ?is important elem5t 9 our pres5t inquiry4 ,tradition is commonly lik5$ to a /ream :i*1 z is tak5 = grant$1 contracts pollution 9 its c\rse ! fur!r x goes4 ,purity is suppos$ to be atta9able only )9 ! neighb\rhood ( ! s\rce3 & x is assum$ t di/ance f !nce ensures proportionally ei!r great] purity or m corruption4 ,)\t d\bt !re is mu* tru? 9 ?is comp>ison3 only1 z 9 ! case ( ne>ly all comp>isons !re are limits to ! resemblance1 & o!r features & aspects are n !re9 connot$1 :i* are ess5tially b\nd up ) ! subject believ$ to be illu/rat$ on all po9ts 9 ?is similitude4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! traditional pres5tm5t ( ! ,new ,te/am5t is n l a s+le /ream1 b resembles r a great numb] ( /reams ( :i* _m h rema9$ pure1 b "s h be5 corrupt$4 ,"o clu/] ( bad /reams 0 f\nd 9 ! ,we/1 &1 z is mo/ probable1 ! s\rce ( v _m ( !m 0 9 ,syria3 ano!r occurr$ 9 ! ,ea/ ) ,alex&ria & aft]w>ds ,caes>ea z ! c5tre1 :]e x 0 jo9$ by ! curr5ts f ! ,we/4 ,a multitude 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! ,*ur* 7 kept :olly or ma9ly cle> ( ^! contam9ants1 & pres]v$ ! pure & precise utt]ance z x issu$ f ! spr+s ( ! ,writt5 ,^w4 ,b !re is ano!r pitfall hidd5 "u t imp]fect simile :i* is cont9ually employ$ on ?is subject ei!r by ^w ( m\? or 9 writ+4 ,! ,tradition ( ! ,*ur* does n take %ape aft] ! model ( a /ream or /reams roll+ 9 me*anical movem5t & unv>i$ fl[ f ! f\nta9 d[n ! valley & ov] ! pla94 ,l mo/ mundane ?+s1 x has a c>e]4 ,x has pass$ ?r\gh a /age :5 "o manuscript 0 copi$ z if me*anically f ano!r t happ5$ to be at h&4 ,?us accuracy except "u human infirmity produc$ accuracy2 & error 0 surely procreative ( error4 ,aft]w>ds came a p]iod :5 bo? bad & good exempl>s (f]$ !mselves 9 rivalry1 & ! p[] ( refus+ ! evil & *oos+ ! good 0 9 ex]cise1 (t5 ) mu* want ( success4 ,z soon z ?is /age 0 accompli%$1 :i* may be said r\ghly to h rea*$ f ,orig5 till ! middle ( ! f\r? c5tury1 ano!r p]iod comm5c$1 :5 a def9ite c\rse 0 adopt$1 :i* 0 foll[$ ) increas+ advantage till ! :ole c>e] 0 fix$ irrevocably 9 ! "r direction4 ,! p]iod ( ! two ,gregories1 ,basil1 ,*ryso/om1 & o!rs1 0 ! "t :5 ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* took /ock ( tru? & corruption1 & _h 9 h& ! duty ( ?or\ghly ca/+ out error & cleans+ h] fai?4 ,! second "p ( ! ,cre$ 0 ?us p]man5tly def9$2 ! ?ird "p :i*1 besides ! ,div9ity ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 relates to ,8 action 9 ! ,*ur*1 to ! ,writt5 ,^w1 inclusive bo? ( ! sev]al books g5]ally & ! text ( ^? books1 to ! nature ( ! ,sacram5ts1 to ! ,m9i/ry1 to ! "* ( ! unity & gov]nm5t ( ! ,*ur*1 0 on _m po9ts delay$ z to special def9ition by ! ru9 soon dealt ^u ! ,roman ,empire1 & by ! ignorance ( ! nations :i* ent]$ ^u t va/ doma93 & inde$ mu* ( ?is "p ( ! ,fai? rema9s /ill ^u ! battlefield ( controv]sy4 ,b action 0 tak5 ^u :at may be p]haps t]m$ ! ,canon ( ,/4 ,augu/9e7#bhi73 8,:at ! ,*ur* ( ! "t f\nd prevail+ ?r\gh\t h] l5g? & bread?1 n introduc$ by regulations ( ,c\ncils1 b h&$ d[n 9 unbrok5 tradition1 t %e rightly conclud$ to h be5 d]iv$ f no o!r f\nt ?an ,apo/olic au?ority40 ,to use o!r words1 9 ! accompli%m5t ( h] g5]al "w1 ! ,*ur* quietly & )\t any public rec5sion exam9$ z to ! writt5 ,^w ! v>i\s /reams t _h come d[n f ! ,apo/les1 & foll[$ ! multitude t 7 pure/1 & by gradual filtration extrud$ out ( ^! ne>ly all ! corruption t ev5 ! bett] l9es ( desc5t _h contract$4 ,we h n[ arriv$ at ! p]iod1 :5 f ! g5]al cons5ti5ce ( ! records1 x is discov]$ t ! =m ( ! ,text ( ! ,new ,te/am5t 0 ma9ly settl$4 ,! settlem5t 0 effect$ noiselessly1 n by public debate or 9 decrees ( g5]al or prov9cial c\ncils1 yet none ! less completely & p]man5tly4 ,x 0 ! ,*ur*'s own op]ation1 in/9ctive1 delib]ate1 & 9 ! ma9 univ]sal4 ,only a few witnesses "h & !re lift$ up _! voices aga9/ ! preval5t decisions1 !mselves to be condemn$ by ! dom9ant s5se ( ,*ri/5dom4 ,l ! repudiation ( ,arianism1 x 0 a rep5tance f a p>tial & tempor>y enc\ragem5t ( corruption1 :i* 0 nev] to be rep5t$ ( till x 0 call$ 9 "q dur+ ! g5]al di/urbance ( fai? & doctr9e 9 ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,d\btless1 ! agreem5t ?us introduc$ has n atta9$ m ?an a g5]al "*4 ,= ! exce$+ numb] ( que/ions involv$ =bids all expectation ( an univ]sal co9cid5ce ( te/imony ext5d+ to e s+le case4 ,b 9 ! outset1 z we ent] ^u ! consid]ation ( ! lat] manuscripts1 our way mu/ be cle>$ by ! removal ( "s fallacies :i* are widely preval5t among/ /ud5ts ( ,sacr$ ,textual ,criticism4 ,x is sometimes imag9$ 7#a7 t ,uncials & ,cursives diff] 9 k9d2 7#b7 t all ,cursives are alike2 7#c7 t all ,cursives are copies ( ,codex ,a1 & are ! results ( a g5]al ,rec5sion2 & 7#d7 t we owe our k ( ! ,new ,te/am5t entirely to ! exi/+ ,uncials4 ,to ^! f\r fallacies mu/ be add$ an op9ion :i* /&s ^u a high] foot+ ?an ! prec$+1 b :i* is no less a fallacy1 & :i* we h to combat 9 ?is *apt]1 viz4 t ! ,text ( ! lat] ,uncials & especially ! ,text ( ! ,cursives is a debas$ ,text4 #a4 ,! real diff]5ce betwe5 ,uncials & ,cursives is pat5t to all p :o h any k ( ! subject4 ,uncials =m a rud] k9d ( manuscripts1 writt5 9 capital lett]s ) no space betwe5 !m till ! lat] specim5s are rea*$1 & g5]ally ) an insuffici5t & ill-m>k$ array ( /ops4 ,cursives %[ a great advance 9 workman%ip1 be+ indit$1 z ! "n sugge/s1 9 runn+ & m easily fl[+ lett]s1 ) 8a sy/em ( punctuation mu* ! same z 9 pr9t$ books40 ,z contra/$ ) "o ano!r1 ,uncials z a class enjoy a great sup]iority1 if antiquity is consid]$2 & ,cursives are j z mu* high] ?an ! si/] class1 if workman%ip is to be ! guid+ pr9ciple ( judgem5t4 ,_! diff]5ces are on ! surface1 & are su* t :oso runs may read4 ,b ,textual ,sci5ce1 l all ,sci5ce1 is conc]n$1 n ) ! sup]ficial1 b ) ! real2--n ) ! dress 9 :i* ! text is pres5t$1 b ) ! text itself2--n aga9 ) ! b>e fact ( antiquity1 s9ce age alone is no sure te/ ( excell5ce1 b ) ! "* ( ! te/imony :i* f ! nature ( ! subject-matt] is )9 rea*4 ,judg+ !n ! lat] ,uncials1 & comp>+ !m ) ! ,cursives1 we make ! discov]y t ! texts ( bo? are ma9ly ! same4 ,inde$1 !y are divid$ by no /rict b\nd>y ( "t3 !y ov]lap "o ano!r4 ,! fir/ ,cursive is dat$ ,may #g1 #hce7bij73 ! la/ ,uncials1 :i* are ,lection>ies1 are ref]r$ to ! elev5?1 & possibly to ! twelf?1 c5tury7#bia74 ,"o1 ,codex 1 is writt5 p>tly 9 uncials1 & p>tly 9 cursive lett]s1 z x appe>s1 by ! same h&4 ,s t 9 ! n9?1 t5?1 & elev5? c5turies bo? uncials & cursives mu/ h issu$ ma9ly & virtually f ! same body ( transcrib]s4 ,x foll[s t ! diff]5ce lay 9 ! outw>d inve/iture1 :il/1 z is f\nd by a comp>ison ( "o ) ano!r1 !re 0 a mu* m important simil>ity ( "* )94 #b4 ,b :5 a leap is made f ?is position to ano!r sweep+ ass]tion t all cursives are alike1 x is necess>y to put a /op to s illicit a process4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 !re is ! small h&ful ( cursive copies :i* is associat$ ) ,b & 4 ,! notori\s #a1--;h&some outw>dly l its two lead]s b corrupt 9 text1--#cc1 #aah1 #aca1 #aeg1 #bje1 #bji7bib71 & o!rs2--! ,f]r> ,gr\p1 conta9+ #ac1 #fi1 #abd1 #cdf1 #eef1 #efa1 besides #cdh1 #fbd1 #ghh2--^! are frequ5tly diss5ti5ts f ! re/ ( ! ,cursives4 ,b inde$1 :5 ^! & a few o!rs h be5 subtract$ f ! re/ & set ap>t 9 a class by !mselves1 any c>eful exam9ation ( ! evid5ce adduc$ on important passages w reveal ! fact t :il/ almo/ always !re is a cle> majority ( ,cursives on "o side1 !re are amply en\gh cases ( diss5ti5ce m or less to prove t ! ,cursive ,,mss4 are d]iv$ f a multiplicity ( ar*etypes1 & are endu$ almo/ sev]ally ) :at may )\t extravagance be t]m$ di/9ct & indep5d5t p]sonality4 ,inde$1 su* is ! necessity ( ! case4 ,!y are f\nd 9 v>i\s c\ntries all ov] ! ,*ur*4 ,collusion 0 n possible 9 e>li] times :5 int]communication betwe5 c\ntries 0 extremely limit$1 & publicity 0 all b conf9$ to small areas4 ,! g5ealogies ( ,cursive ,,mss41 if we knew !m1 w\ld fill a volume4 ,_! /ems mu/ h be5 extremely num]\s2 & l ,uncials1 & (t5 indep5d5tly ( ,uncials1 !y mu/ h gone back to ! va/ body ( e>ly papyrus manuscripts4 #c4 ,& z to ! ,cursives hav+ be5 copies ( ,codex ,a1 a mod]ate k ( ! real "* ( t manuscript1 & a j e/imate ( ! true value ( x1 w\ld effectually remove su* a halluc9ation4 ,x is only ! love ( r$uc+ all k ( intricate que/ions to ! compass ( ! prov]bial nut%ell1 & ! glam\r t hangs ov] a v old relic1 :i* has l$ p1 :5 !y _h dropp$ _! grasp ( ,b1 to clut* at ! anci5t treasure 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,x is "r to conc$e all hon\r to su* a survival ( s e>ly a p]iod3 b to lift ! pyramid f its ample base1 & to re/ x ^u a po9t l ,a1 is a proce$+ :i* h>dly requires argum5t = its condemnation4 ,& next1 :5 ! notion ( a ,rec5sion is br\ght =w>d1 ! answ] is1 ,:at & :5 & h[ & :]e8 ,9 ! abs5ce ( any sign or h9t ( su* an ev5t 9 records ( ! pa/1 x is impossible to accept su* an explanation ( :at is no difficulty at all4 ,hi/ory re/s ^u rese>* into docum5ts :i* h desc5d$ to u1 n ^u imag9ation or fiction4 ,& ! soon] p get su* an idea out ( _! heads z t ( pil+ up /ructures ^u m]e assumption1 & betake !mselves in/ead to :at is duly atte/$1 ! bett] x w be = a ,sci5ce :i* mu/ be re>$ ^u well au!nticat$ bases1 & n ^u phantom !ories4 #d4 ,! case ( ! ,cursives is 9 o!r respects /rangely misund]/ood1 or at lea/ is /rangely misrepres5t$4 ,! popul> notion seems to be1 t we are indebt$ = our k ( ! true text ( ,scripture to ! exi/+ ,uncials entirely2 & t ! ess5ce ( ! secret dwells exclusively ) ! f\r or five olde/ ( ^? ,uncials4 ,by consequ5ce1 x is popul>ly suppos$ t s9ce we are possess$ ( su* ,uncial ,copies1 we c\ld af=d to disp5se ) ! te/imony ( ! ,cursives altoge!r4 ,a m complete misconception ( ! facts ( ! case c h>dly be imag9$4 ,= ! pla9 tru? is t all ! ph5om5a exhibit$ by ! ,uncial ,,mss4 are reproduc$ by ! ,cursive ,copies4 ,a small m9ority ( ! ,cursives1 j z a small m9ority ( ! ,uncials1 are probably ! deposit>ies ( peculi> rec5sions4 ,x is at lea/ z reasonable to ass]t t we c af=d entirely to disreg>d ! te/imony ( ! ,uncials1 z to pret5d t we c af=d entirely to disreg>d ! te/imony ( ! ,cursives4 ,9 fact ( ! two1 ! =m] ass]tion w\ld be a va/ deal ne>] to ! tru?4 ,our inductions w\ld 9 _m cases be s fatally n>r[$1 if we might n look beyond "o little h&ful ( ,uncial ,copies4 ,b ! po9t to :i* ! read]'s att5tion is specially invit$ is ?is3--t s f> f our be+ entirely dep5d5t on ,codexes ,b,,cd1 or on "s ( !m1 = c]ta9 ( ! mo/ approv$ corrections ( ! ,receiv$ ,text1 we %\ld h be5 j z fully aw>e ( e "o ( ^? read+s if nei!r ,b nor 1 ,c nor ,d1 _h be5 9 exi/5ce4 ,^? read+s are e "o to be f\nd 9 "o or m ( ! few ,cursive ,codexes :i* rank by !mselves1 viz4 ! two gr\ps j m5tion$ & p]haps "s o!rs4 ,if !y are n1 !y may be safely disreg>d$2 !y are read+s :i* h receiv$ no subsequ5t recognition7#bic74 ,inde$1 ! case ( ! ,cursives pres5ts an exact p>allel ) ! case ( ! ,uncials4 ,:5ev] we obs]ve a =mal cons5sus ( ! ,cursives = any read+1 !re1 almo/ inv>iably1 is a gr& cons5sus obs]vable = ! same read+ ( ! ,uncials4 ,! era ( great] p]fection bo? 9 ! out] pres5tm5t & 9 ! int]nal accuracy ( ! text ( copies ( ! ,new ,te/am5t may be said1 z f> z ! relics :i* h desc5d$ to u are conc]n$1 to h comm5c$ ) ! ,codex ,basili5sis or ,e ( ! ,gospels4 ,?is beautiful & g5]ally accurate ,codex mu/ h be5 writt5 9 ! sev5? c5tury7#bid74 ,! re/ ( ! lat] ,uncials are ord9>ily f\nd toge!r 9 a l>ge or consid]able majority3 :il/ !re is en\gh diss5t to prove t !y are indep5d5t witnesses1 & t error 0 condemn$1 n ignor$4 ,?us ! ,codex ,regius 7,l1 eigh? c5tury71 pres]v$ at ,p>is1 g5]ally foll[s ,b & 3 s does ! ,codex ,sangall5sis 71 n9? c5tury71 ! ,iri% relic ( ! mona/]y ( ,/4 ,gall1 9 ,/4 ,m>k alone3 & ! ,codex ,zacyn?ius 71 an eigh? c5tury palimpse/7 n[ 9 ! ,libr>y ( ! ,bible ,society1 9 ,/4 ,luke7#bie74 ,! isolation ( ^! few f ! re/ ( _! own age is usually conspicu\s4 ,! v]dict ( ! lat] uncials is ne>ly always su/a9$ by a l>ge majority4 ,9 fact1 z a rule1 e pr9cipal read+ discov]able 9 any ( ! olde/ ,uncials is also exhibit$ 9 "o1 two1 or ?ree ( ! lat] ,uncials1 or 9 "o or m ( ! small h&ful ( diss5ti5t ,cursives already enum]at$4 ,except inde$ 9 v rem>kable in/ances1 z 9 ! case ( ! la/ twelve v]ses ( ,/4 ,m>k1 su* read+s are g5]ally repres5t$3 yet 9 ! lat] ,,mss4 z comp>$ ) ! olde/ !re is ?is additional feature 9 ! repres5tation1 t if evid5ce is evid5ce1 & weight1 numb]1 & v>iety are tak5 into acc\nt1 ^? read+s are altoge!r condemn$4 #b7bif74 ,b we are "h confront$ ) ! cont5tion t ! text ( ! ,cursives is ( a debas$ "*4 ,our oppon5ts ma9ta9 t x is su* t x mu/ h be5 comp\nd$ f o!r =ms ( text by a process ( conflation s call$1 & t 9 itself x is a text ( a "* greatly inf]ior to ! text ma9ly repres5t$ by ,b & 4 ,n[ 9 combat+ ?is op9ion1 we are b\nd fir/ to rem>k t ! burd5 ( pro( re/s ) ! opposite side4 ,accord+ to ! laws :i* regulate sci5tific conclusions1 all ! elem5ts ( pro( mu/ be tak5 into consid]ation4 ,no?+ des]ves ! "n ( sci5ce 9 :i* ! calculation does n include all ! ph5om5a4 ,! base ( ! build+ mu/ be cont]m9\s ) ! facts4 ,?is is s elem5t>y a pr9ciple t x seems ne$less to insi/ m ^u x4 ,b !n1 ?is is exactly :at we endeav\r to accompli%1 & our adv]s>ies disreg>d4 ,( c\rse !y h _! reasons = dismiss+ n9ete5-tw5tie?s ( ! evid5ce at h&3 b--?is is ! po9t--x re/s ) !m to prove t su* dismissal is lawful & "r4 ,:at !n are _! argum5ts8 ,ma9ly ?ree1 viz4 ! suppos$ great] antiquity ( _! fav\rite text1 ! sup]iority :i* !y claim = its "*1 & ! evid5ce t ! ,traditional ,text 0 z !y ma9ta9 =m$ by conflation f texts previ\sly 9 exi/5ce4 ,( ^! ?ree argum5ts1 t f antiquity has be5 already dispos$ (1 & illu/ration ( :at has be5 already advanc$ w also be at h& ?r\gh\t ! sequel ( ?is "w4 ,z to conflation1 a pro( aga9/ its possible applicability to ! ,traditional ,text 0 suppli$ z to p>ticles & o!r words 9 ! la/ *apt]1 & w receive illu/ration f in/ances ( words ( a great] size 9 ?is4 ,conflation might be possible1 suppos+ = a mom5t t o!r conditions fav\r$ x1 & t ! elem5ts to be conflat$ 7 already 9 exi/5ce 9 o!r texts4 ,b inasmu* z 9 ! majority ( in/ances su* elem5ts are f\nd n[h]e else ?an 9 ! ,traditional ,text1 conflation z acc\nt+ = ! *anges :i* ^u ?is !ory mu/ h be5 made is simply impossible4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! ,traditional ,text might h be5 v easily *ipp$ & brok5 & corrupt$1 z w be %ewn 9 ! second "p ( ?is ,treatise1 into ! =m exhibit$ by ,b & 7#big74 ,^u ! ?ird argum5t 9 ! g5]al cont5tion1 we und]take to say t x is totally )\t f\ndation4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! text ( ! ,cursives is greatly ! sup]ior ( ! two4 ,! in/ances :i* we proce$ to give z specim5s1 & z specim5s only1 w exhibit ! propriety ( language1 & ! ta/e ( expression1 9 :i* x is pre-em95t7#bih74 ,let our read]s judge fairly & c&idly1 z we d\bt n t !y w1 & we d n fe> ! result4 ,b be=e ent]+ ^u ! "* ( ! lat] text1 a few words are requir$ to rem9d our read]s ( ! effect ( ! g5]al argum5t z hi!rto /at$ ^u ?is "q4 ,! text ( ! lat] ,uncials is ! text to :i* witness is borne1 n only by ! majority ( ! ,uncials1 b also by ! ,cursives & ! ,v]sions & ! ,fa!rs1 ea* 9 great] numb]s4 ,aga91 ! text ( ! ,cursives enjoys unque/ionably ! support ( by v f> ! l>ge/ numb] among !mselves1 & also ( ! ,uncials & ,v]sions & ,fa!rs4 ,accord+ly1 ! text ( :i* we are n[ treat+1 :i* is t ( ! lat] ,uncials & ! ,cursives comb9$1 is incomp>ably sup]ior "u all ! ext]nal ,notes ( ,tru?4 ,x possesses 9 ne>ly all cases old] atte/ation7#bii73 !re is no sort ( "q z to ! great] numb] ( witnesses t be> evid5ce to its claims3 nor to _! v>iety3 & h>dly ev] to ! explicit pro( ( _! cont9u\sness2 :i* inde$ is also g5]ally--nay1 univ]sally--impli$ ow+ to ! nature ( ! case3 _! weight is c]tifi$ ^u /rong gr\nds3 & z a matt] ( fact1 ! context 9 ne>ly all in/ances te/ifies on _! side4 ,! c\rse ( doctr9e pursu$ 9 ! hi/ory ( ! ,univ]sal ,*ur* is immeasurably 9 _! fav\r4 ,we h n[ !re=e only to consid] :e!r _! text1 z comp>$ ) t ( ,b,d & _! allies1 comm5ds itself on ! score ( intr9sic excell5ce4 ,& z to ?is consid]ation1 if z has be5 manife/$ ! text ( ,b-1 & t ( ,d1 are bad1 & h be5 %ewn to be ! inf]ior1 ?is mu/ be ! bett]4 ,we may n[ proce$ to "s specim5 in/ances exhibit+ ! sup]iority ( ! ,lat] ,uncial & ,cursive text4 #c4 ,our ,,savi\r',s lam5t ov] ,j]usalem 78,if ?\ had/ kn[n1 ev5 ?\1 at lea/ 9 ?is ?y day1 ! ?+s :i* belong unto ?y peace607 is j "o ( ^? delicately articulat$ passages :i* are safe to suff] by ! process ( transmission4 ,survey ,/4 ,luke's words 7xix4 #db71 1 1 1--& y w p]ceive at a glance t ! vuln]able po9t 9 ! s5t5ce1 s to speak1 is 1 4 ,9 ! mean:ile1 atte/$ z ^? words are by ! ,old ,lat97#cjj7 & by ,eusebius7#cja71 z well z witness$ to by ! :ole body ( ! copies beg9n+ ) ,cod4 ,a & includ+ ! lo/ orig9al ( #ac-fi-abd-cdf c41--! v ord] ( ^? words is a ?+ q above suspicion4 ,ev5 ,tis*5dorf admits ?is4 ,he reta9s ! traditional read+ 9 e respect4 ,eusebius h[ev] twice writes 7#cjb72 once1 7#cjc72 & once he drops entirely7#cjd74 ,orig5 drops x #c times7#cje74 ,/ill1 !re is at lea/ a g5]al cons5sus among ,copies1 ,v]sions & ,fa!rs = beg9n+ ! s5t5ce ) ! *>act]i/ic words1 2 ! phrase be+ witness$ to by ! ,lat91 ! ,bohairic1 ! ,go?ic1 & ! ,h>kleian ,v]sions2 by ,ir5aeus7#cjf71--;by ,orig57#cjg71--;by ps4-,tatian7#cjh71--;by ,eusebius7#cji71--;by ,basil ! ,great7#caj71--;by ,basil ( ,seleucia7#caa71--;by ,cyril7#cab74 ,:at !n is f\nd 9 ! ?ree rema9+ ,uncials1 = ,c is defective "h8 ,d exhibits 1 1 3 be+ support$ only by ! ,lat9 ( ,orig5 9 "o place7#cac74 ,la*mann adopts ?is read+ all ! same4 ,no?+ worse1 x mu/ be confess$1 has happ5$ to x ?an ! omission ( 1 & ( ! =m] 4 ,b :5 we turn to ,b1 we f9d t !y & ,l1 ) ,orig5 once7#cad71 & ! ,syriac head+ prefix$ to ,cyril's homilies on ,/4 ,luke's ,gospel7#cae71 exclusively exhibit1-- 3 ?us1 n only omitt+ 1 toge!r ) ! fir/ & second 1 b by transpos+ ! words -- 1 oblit]at+ f ! passage m ?an half its =ce & beauty4 ,?is maim$ & mutilat$ exhibition ( our ,,"l',s words1 only because x is f\nd 9 ,b1 is adopt$ by ,w4-,hort1 :o are 9 turn foll[$ by ! ,revis]s7#caf74 ,! ,pe%itto by ! way omits 1 & transposes ! two clauses :i* rema97#cag74 ,! ,curetonian ,syriac runs wild1 z usual1 & ! ,lewis too7#cah74 ,amid all ?is conflict & confusion1 ! read]'s att5tion is invit$ to ! in/ructive fact t ! :ole body ( cursive copies 7& all ! uncials b f\r7 h reta9$ 9 ?is passage all d[n ! ages un9jur$ e exquisite l9eam5t ( ! inspir$ ar*etype4 ,! tru?1 ,i say1 is to be f\nd 9 ! cursive copies1 n 9 ! lic5ti\s ,b,,dl1 :i* z usual /& ap>t f "o ano!r & f ,a4 ,only 9 respect ( ! fir/ is !re a slight prev>ication on ! "p ( a v few witnesses7#cai74 ,note h[ev] t x is ov]borne by ! cons5t ( ! ,syriac1 ! ,old ,lat9 & ! ,go?ic1 & fur!r t ! te/imony ( ps4-,tatian is express on ?is head7#cbj74 ,!re is !re=e no?+ to be alt]$ 9 ! traditional text ( ,/4 ,luke xix4 #db1 :i* furni%es an excell5t in/ance ( fidelity ( transmission1 & ( an emphatic condemnation ( ,b-4 #d4 ,x is ! mis=tune ( inquiries l ! pres5t t !y sometimes con/ra9 u to give prom95ce to m9ute details :i* x is difficult to make ent]ta9+4 ,let me h[ev] seek to int]e/ my read] 9 ! true read+ ( ,/4 ,matt4 xx4 #bb1 #bc3 f :i* v]ses rec5t critical ,editors reject ! words1 8& to be baptiz$ ) ! baptism t ,i am baptiz$ )10 4 ,ab\t ! "r ( ! same words to a place 9 ! correspond+ "p ( ,/4 ,m>k's ,gospel 7x4 #ch71 !re is no diff]5ce ( op9ion3 except t x is insi/$ t 9 ,/4 ,m>k ! clause %\ld beg9 ) in/ead ( 4 ,next1 ! read] is reque/$ to att5d to ! foll[+ circum/ance3 t1 except ( c\rse ! f\r 7,,bdl7 & ,z :i* omit ! place altoge!r & "o o!r 7,s71 all ! ,uncials toge!r ) ! bulk ( ! ,cursives1 & ! ,pe%itto & ,h>kleian & sev]al ,lat9 ,v]sions1 concur 9 read+ 9 ,/4 ,mat!w3 all ! ,uncials b eight 7,,bcdlw71 toge!r ) ! bulk ( ! ,cursives & ! ,pe%itto1 agree 9 read+ 9 ,/4 ,m>k4 ,?is delicate di/9ction betwe5 ! fir/ & ! second ,gospel1 oblit]at$ 9 ! ,receiv$ ,text1 is fai?fully ma9ta9$ 9 n9ete5 out ( tw5ty ( ! ,cursive ,copies4 ,9 ! meantime we are assur$ on ! au?ority ( ,,bdlz--) mo/ ( ! ,lat9 ,copies1 includ+ ( c\rse ,hil>y & ,j]ome1 ! ,cureton1 ! ,lewis1 & ! ,bohairic1 besides ,epiphanius1--t ! clause 9 "q has no "r to its place 9 ,/4 ,mat!w's ,gospel4 ,s confid5tly is ?is op9ion held1 t ! ,revis]s1 foll[+ ,griesba*1 ,la*mann1 ,tis*5dorf1 ,tregelles1 ,al=d1 h eject$ ! words f ! ,text4 ,b are !y "r8 ,c]ta9ly n1 ,i answ]4 ,& ,i reason ?us4 ,if ?is clause has be5 int]polat$ into ,/4 ,mat!w's ,gospel1 h[ w y possibly acc\nt = its pres5ce 9 e ,,ms4 9 ! _w except #g1 viz4 #e uncials & #b cursives8 ,x is pret5d$ t x crept 9 by assimilation f ! p>allel place 9 ,/4 ,m>k4 ,b ,i reply1-- #a4 ,is ?is cr$ible8 ,d y n see ! gl>+ improbability ( su* an hypo!sis8 ,:y %\ld ! ,gospel mo/ 9 vogue h be5 assimilat$ 9 all ! ,copies b sev5 to ! ,gospel lea/ famili>ly kn[n & read 9 ! ,*ur*es8 #b4 ,& pray :5 is x pret5d$ t ?is :olesale falsification ( ! ,,mss4 took place8 ,! ,pe%itto ,syriac z usual sides ) ! bulk ( ! ,cursives3 b x has be5 %ewn to be ( ! second c5tury4 ,"s ( ! ,lat9 ,copies also h ! clause4 ,codex ,c1 ,*ryso/om & ,basil ( ,seleucia also exhibit x4 ,surely ! prepond]ance ( ! evid5ce is ov]:elm+ly "o way4 ,b !n #c4 ,z a matt] ( fact ! clause _c h come 9 f ,/4 ,m>k's ,gospel1--= ! v conclusive reason t ! two places are delicately discrim9at$1--z on ! te/imony ( ! ,cursives & ! ,pe%itto has be5 %ewn already4 ,& #d4 ,i take ^u myself to decl>e )\t fe> ( contradiction on ! "p ( any b ! advocates ( ! popul> !ory t1 on ! contr>y1 x is ,/4 ,mat!w's ,gospel :i* has be5 corrupt$ f ,/4 ,m>k's4 ,a conclusive note ( ! assimilat+ process is disc]nible 9 ,/4 ,m>k's ,gospel :]e has intrud$1--n 9 ,/4 ,mat!w's4 #e4 ,:y ,/4 ,mat!w's ,gospel 0 maim$ 9 ?is place1 ,i am n able to expla94 ,demon/rable x is t ! ,text ( ! ,gospels at t e>ly p]iod und]w5t a process ( ,revision at ! h&s ( m5 :o app>5tly 7 z little aw>e ( ! fooli%ness z ( ! s9fulness ( all !y did3 & t ,mutilation 0 _! fav\rite me?od4 ,&1 :at is v rem>kable1 ! same k9d ( infatuation :i* is obs]v$ to att5d ! commission ( crime1 & (t5 leads to its detection1 is l>gely recognizable "h4 ,b ! ,eye :i* nev] sleeps has wat*$ ov] ! ,deposit1 & provid$ ,himself ) witnesses4 #e4 ,s+ul> to relate1 ! circum/ances "u :i* ,simon & ,&rew1 ,james & ,john 7 on ! la/ occasion call$ to ,apo/le%ip 7,/4 ,matt4 iv4 #ag-bb3 ,/4 ,m>k i4 #ad-bj3 ,/4 ,luke v4 #a-aa7 h nev] yet be5 expla9$7#cba74 ,! facts 7 z foll[s4 ,x 0 morn+ on ! ,sea ( ,galilee4 ,two boats 7 moor$ to ! %ore4 ,! fi%]m5 hav+ 8toil$ all ! night & tak5 no?+7#cbb71#8--'7 gone out ( !m & _h wa%$ out 77 _! nets 7 77#cbc740 ,b ?\gh fi%+ 9 deep wat] _h prov$ a failure1 !y knew t by wad+ into ! %all[s1 !y might ev5 n[ employ a ca/+-net ) advantage4 ,accord+ly x 0 ?us t our ,,savi\r1 com+ by at ?is v juncture1 beheld ,simon & ,&rew employ$ 7 77#cbd74 ,!reupon1 ent]+ ,simon's boat1 8,he pray$ him t he w\ld ?ru/ out a little f ! l&7#cbe740 ,! re/ requires no explanation4 ,n[1 x is pla9 t ! key :i* unlocks ?is int]e/+ /ory is ! graphic precision ( ! comp\nd v]b employ$1 & ! well-kn[n usage ( ! language :i* gives to ! aori/ t5se on su* occasions z ! pres5t a plup]fect signification7#cbf74 ,! ,translators ( #afaa1 n und]/&+ ! incid5t1 7 cont5t1 z ,tyndale1 foll[+ ! ,vulgate7#cbg71 _h be5 be=e !m1 to r5d] 1--87 wa%+ _! nets40 ,( ?is r5d]+1 s long z ! ,greek 0 let alone1 no s]i\s h>m c\ld come4 ,! ,revis]s ( #ahha1 h[ev]1 by n only reta9+ ! incorrect translation 87 wa%+ _! nets10 b1 by mak+ ! ,greek tally ) ! ,engli%--by sub/itut+ 9 %ort = 1--h s effectually d>k5$ ! ,tru? z to make x simply irrecov]able by ord9>y /ud5ts4 ,! only po9t 9 ! meantime to :i* ! read]'s att5tion is j n[ invit$ is ?is3--t ! comp\nd v]b 9 ! aori/ t5se 77 has be5 reta9$ by ! :ole body ( ! ,cursives1 z transmitt$ all d[n ! ages3 :ile ! b>b>\s is only f\nd at ?is day 9 ! two corrupt uncials ,,bd7#cbh7 & a s+le cursive 7,evan4 #ia77cbi74 #f4 8,h[ h>dly %all !y t h ri*es ent] into ! ,k+dom ( ,heav510 exclaim$ our ,,"l on a memorable occasion4 ,! disciples 7 amaz$4 ,reply+ to _! ?\ghts1--8,*ildr510 ,he add$1 8h[ h>d is x = !m t tru/ 9 ri*es to ent] into ! ,k+dom ( ,,god40 7,/4 ,m>k x4 #bc1 #bd74 ,^? famili> words1 v\*$ = by #af uncials & all ! cursives1 are q above suspicion4 ,b 9 fact all ! ,v]sions support !m likewise4 ,!re is really no pretext = di/urb+ :at is s well atte/$1 n to say s preci\s4 ,yet ,tis*5dorf & ,we/cott & ,hort eject f ! text1 on ! sole gr\nd t ! clause 9 "q is omitt$ by ,b1 "o copy ( ! ,italic 7k71 & "o copy ( ! ,bohairic4 ,aw>e t su* a proce$+ requires an apology1--8,i ?9k x unsafe10 says ,tis*5dorf1 8to =sake 9 ?is place ! v anci5t au?orities :i* ,i am accu/om$ to foll[03 i4e4 ,codexes & ,b4 ,b ( :at nature is ?is argum5t8 ,does ! critic mean t he mu/ /ick to antiquity8 ,if ?is be 8 mean+1 !n let him be rem9d$ t ,clem5s7#ccj71 a m anci5t au?ority ?an ,b by #aej ye>s1--n to say ! ,lat9 & ! ,syriac ,v]sions1 :i* are m anci5t /ill1--recognizes ! words 9 "q7#cca74 ,does h[ev] ! le>n$ critic mean no m ?an ?is1--,t x is ) him a fundam5tal pr9ciple ( ,textual ,criticism to uphold at all haz>ds ! au?ority ( ,b & 8 ,he _c mean t2 z ,i proce$ to expla94 ,= ! /range/ circum/ance is beh9d4 ,imm$iately aft] he has ?us 79 v]4 #bd7 proclaim$ ! supremacy ( ,b1 ,tis*5dorf is con/ra9$ to reject ! comb9$ evid5ce ( ,,bc4 ,9 v]4 #bf ^? #d copies advocate ! absurd read+ 2 :]eas x 0 evid5tly to !mselves 7 7 t ! disciples said x4 ,aw>e t ?is "t ! 8antiquissimae quas sequi solet auctoritates0 /& self-condemn$1 in/ead ( +5u\sly av[+ ! fact1 ,tis*5dorf gr\nds 8 rejection ( on ! consid]ation t 8,m>k nev] uses ! expression 40 ,j z if ! text ( "o place 9 ! ,gospel is to be det]m9$ by ! practice ( ! same ,evangeli/ 9 ano!r place1--& n by its own prop] evid5ce2 :i* 9 ! pres5t in/ance is 7! read] may be sure7 simply ov]:elm+6 ,we/cott & ,hort errone\sly suppose t all ! copies b f\r1--all ! v]sions b "o 7! ,bohairic71--may be 9 error3 b t ,b-1 ,c1 & ,cod4 :i* is curi\s 9 ,/4 ,m>k1 mu/ ne$s be 9 ! "r4 #g4 ,!re are _m occasions--z ,i rem>k$ be=e1--:]e ! v logic ( ! case becomes a p[]ful argum5t4 ,wor?less 9 & by !mselves1--9 ! face1 ,i mean1 ( g5]al te/imony1--consid]ations d]iv$ f ! v reason ( ! ?+ sometimes v9dicate _! "r to assi/ ! judgem5t :]ev] ! evid5ce is some:at ev5ly balanc$4 ,b _! cog5cy is felt to be altoge!r ov]:elm+ :51 aft] a c>eful survey ( ! evid5ce alone1 we ent]ta9 no d\bt :atev] z to :at mu/ be ! "r read+ ( a place4 ,!y seem !n to sweep ! field4 ,su* an occasion is pres5t$ by ,/4 ,luke xvi4 #i1--:]e our ,,"l1 hav+ %ewn :at provision ! di%one/ /ew>d made aga9/ ! day :5 he w\ld f9d himself h\seless1--! ,div9e ,speak] inf]s t some?+ analog\s %\ld be done by ourselves ) our own money1--89 ord]0 7sai? ,he7 8t :5 ye fail1 ye may be receiv$ into ! ev]la/+ tab]nacles40 ,! logical consi/5cy ( all ?is is z exact1 z ! *oice ( t]ms 9 ! ,orig9al is exquisite3 ! ^w employ$ to designate ,man's dep>ture out ( ?is life 771 convey+ ! image ( "o fa9t+ or fail+ at ! end ( 8 race4 ,x is 9 fact ! ^w us$ 9 ! ,,lxx to d5ote ! peaceful end ( ,abraham1 & ( ,i%mael1 & ( ,isaac1 & ( ,jacob7#ccb74 ,b in/ead ( ?is1 ,,bdlr ) ,,ax pres5t u ) or 1--%ew+ t ! au?or ( ?is read+ imag9$ )\t discrim9ation1 t :at our ,,"l meant to say 0 t :5 at la/ our money 8fails0 u1 we may n want a home4 ,! re/ ( ! ,uncials to ! numb] ( twelve1 toge!r ) two correctors ( 1 ! bulk ( ! ,cursives1 & ! ,old ,lat9 copies1 ! ,vulgate1 ,go?ic1 ,h>kleian1 & ,e?iopic ,v]sions1 ) ,ir5aeus7#ccc71 ,clem5s ,alex47#ccd71 ,orig57#cce71 ,me?odius7#ccf71 ,basil7#ccg71 ,ephraem ,syrus7#cch71 ,gregory ,naz47#cci71 ,didymus7#cdj71 ,*ryso/om7#cda71 ,sev]ianus7#cdb71 ,j]ome7#cdc71 ,augu/9e7#cdd71 ,eulogius7#cde71 & ,!odoret7#cdf71 also ,aphraates 7,a4,d4 #cbe77cdg71 support ! read+ 4 ,cyril appe>s to h kn[n bo? read+s7#cdh74 ,8 te/imony1 su* z x is1 c only be div9$ f 8 fragm5t>y rema9s2 & 8div9ation0 is a faculty to :i* ,i make no pret5ce4 ,9 p4 #cdi1 aft] 1 4 1--,cyril is repres5t$ z say+ 7#f l9es l[] d[n7 1 ) :i* corresponds ! ,syriac ( ,luc4 #eji4 ,b :5 we enc\nt] ! same passage 9 ,cram]'s ,cat5a 7p4 #abb71 besides ! ref]5ce to dea?1 7l9es #ba-c71 we are pres5t$ ) 1 :i* cle>ly rev]ses ! te/imony4 ,if ,cyril wrote t1 he read 7l e o!r ,fa!r7 4 ,x is only "r to add t is f\nd besides 9 pp4 #ebe1 #ebf 7 ,mai ii4 #ceh7 & #egb ( ,cyril's ,syriac ,homilies on ,/4 ,luke4 ,?is h[ev] 7l ! quotation 9 p4 #ejf7 may well be due to ! ,pe%itto4 ,i mu/ av[ t amid s mu* conflict+ evid5ce1 my judgem5t conc]n+ ,cyril's text is at fault4 #h4 ,!re is h>dly to be f\nd a m preci\s decl>ation conc]n+ ! guid+ & illum9at+ (fice ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 ?an our ,"l's promise t 8:5 ,he1 ! ,_s ( ,tru? %all come1 ,he %all guide y into all ! ,tru?03 7,/4 ,john xvi4 #ac74 ,n[1 ! six words j quot$ are f\nd to h exp]i5c$ an extraord9>y am\nt ( p]turbation2 f> m ?an c be due to ! fact t !y happ5 to be ! conclud+ words ( a lection4 ,to be brief1--e kn[n v>iety 9 read+ ?is passage may be br\ght "u "o ( ?ree heads3-- #a4 ,) ! fir/1--:i* is 9 fact a gloss1 n a read+ 7 71--we ne$ n delay ourselves4 ,eusebius 9 two places7#cdi71 ,cyril ,j]47#cej71 copies ( ! ,old ,lat97#cea71 & ,j]ome7#ceb7 9 a c]ta9 place1 s read ! place4 ,unhappily ! same read+ is also f\nd 9 ! ,vulgate7#cec74 ,x meets ) no fav\r h[ev]1 & may be dismiss$4 #b4 ,! next1 :i* ev5 m fatally d>k5s our ,"l's mean+1 might h be5 z unc]emoni\sly dealt )1 ! read+ namely ( ,cod4 ,l 7 71 b t unhappily x has f\nd fav\r ) ,tis*5dorf1--,i suppose1 because ) ! exception ( x is ! read+ ( 8 own ,cod4 7#ced74 ,x is ?us t ,cyril ,alex47#cee7 ?rice reads ! place3 & inde$ ! same ?+ practically is f\nd 9 ,d7#cef72 :ile s _m copies ( ! ,old ,lat9 exhibit 9 omni v]itate1 or 9 v]itate omni7#ceg71 t "o is con/ra9$ to inquire1 ,h[ is to be acc\nt$ =8 ,we h n f> to look4 foll[$ by occurs 9 ! ,,lxx1 *iefly 9 ! ,psalms1 m ?an #af times4 ,especially mu/ ! famili> expression 9 ,ps4 xxiv4 #e 7 1 ,dirige me 9 v]itate tua71 by inopportunely sugge/+ itself to ! m9d ( "s e>ly copyi/1 h influ5c$ ! text ( ,/4 ,john xvi4 #ac 9 ?is fatal way4 ,"o is only a/oni%$ t s acute a critic z ,tis*5dorf %\ld h ov]look$ s pla9 a circum/ance4 ,! con/ant use ( ! ,psalm 9 ,div9e ,s]vice1 & ! entire famili>ity ) ! ,psalt] result+ !refrom1 expla9s suffici5tly h[ x came to pass1 t 9 ?is z 9 o!r places its phraseology mu/ h influ5c$ ! memory4 #c4 ,! "o true read+ ( ! place 7 7 is atte/$ by #ab ( ! uncials 7,e,g,h,ib,k,m,s,u71 ! :ole body ( ! cursives1 & by ! foll[+ ,fa!rs1--,didymus7#ceh71 ,epiphanius7#cei71 ,basil7#cfj71 ,*ryso/om7#cfa71 ,!odotus1 ,bp4 ( ,antio*7#cfb71 ,cyril ,alex47#cfc71 ,!odoret7#cfd72 besides ,t]tullian 9 five places1 ,hil>y & ,j]ome 9 two7#cfe74 ,b because ! words are f\nd transpos$ 9 ,,aby alone ( manuscripts1 & because ,pet] ,alex47#cff71 & ,didymus7#cfg7 once1 ,orig57#cfh7 & ,cyril ,alex47#cfi7 9 two places1 are obs]v$ to sanction ! same infelicit\s arrangem5t 7viz4 71--,la*mann1 ,tregelles1 ,al=d1 ,we/cott & ,hort1 adopt )\t hesitation ?is ord] ( ! words7#cgj74 ,x _c ( c\rse be ma9ta9$4 ,! c&id read] 9 ! meantime w n fail to note t z usual ! tru? has be5 pres]v$ nei!r by ,a nor ,b nor ,d3 lea/ ( all by 3 b comes d[n to u unimpair$ 9 ! great mass ( ,,ms4 au?orities1 uncial & cursive1 z well z 9 ! olde/ ,v]sions & ,fa!rs4 #i4 ,x may h be5 anticipat$ by ! read]s ( ^! pages t ! ,div9e ,au?or ( ,scripture has plant$ "h & !re up & d[n ! sacr$ page--(t5 9 mo/ improbable places & c]ta9ly 9 =ms :i* we %\ld h lea/ ( all imag9$--te/s ( accuracy1 by att5d+ to :i* we may =m an un]r+ judgem5t conc]n+ ! fai?fulness ( a copy ( ! sacr$ ,text4 ,?is is a discov]y :i* at fir/ a/oni%$ me3 b on mature reflection1 ,i saw t x 0 to h be5 confid5tly anticipat$4 ,is x inde$ cr$ible t ,almighty ,wisdom--:i* is obs]v$ to h made su* abundant provision = ! safety ( ! humble/ =ms ( animal life1 = ! pres]vation ( common se$s1 (t5 se$s ( noxi\s plants1--%\ld yet h omitt$ to make provision = ! life-giv+ se$ ( ,8 own ,ev]la/+ ,^w8 ,= example1 /range to relate1 x is a pla9 fact 7( :i* e "o may conv9ce himself by op5+ a copy ( ! ,gospels furni%$ ) a suffici5t critical app>atus71 t al?\gh 9 relat+ ! heal+ ( ! c5turion's s]vant 7,/4 ,matt4 viii4 #e-ac7 ! ,evangeli/ writes 9 v]ses #e & #h1 he writes in/ead ( - 9 v]4 #ac4 ,?is m9ute v>iety has be5 fai?fully reta9$ by uncials & cursives alike4 ,only "o uncial 7viz4 7 has v5tur$ to assimilate ! two places1 writ+ ?r\gh\t4 ,) ! bl9dness prov]bially ascrib$ to p>5tal love1 ,tis*5dorf foll[s 1 ?\gh ! c>elessness t reigns ov] t ,,ms4 is visible to all :o exam9e x4 ,! matt] is a trifle confess$ly4 ,b s 0 ! scrap ( a ballad :i* id5tifi$ ! murd]]1 ano!r scrap ( x be+ f\nd ) ! bullet 9 ! body ( ! murd]$ man4 #aj4 ,! in/ances :i* h be5 giv5 9 ?is *apt] ( ! sup]iority ( ! text exhibit$ 9 ! lat] ,uncials & ! ,cursives might h be5 increas$ 9 numb] to almo/ any ext5t out ( ! pap]s left by ,dean ,burgon4 ,! read] w f9d _m m illu/rations 9 ! re/ ( ^! two volumes4 ,ev5 ,dr4 ,hort admits t ! ,traditional ,text :i* is repres5t$ by !m is 8entirely blameless on ei!r lit]>y or religi\s gr\nds z reg>ds vulg>iz$ or unwor?y diction7#cga710 :ile 8repeat$ & dilig5t /udy0 c only lead1 if conduct$ ) deep & wide rese>*1 to ! discov]y ( beauties & mean+s :i* h la9 unreveal$ to ! /ud5t be=e4 ,let x be always borne 9 m9d1 t 7a7 ! lat] ,uncials & ,cursives are ! heirs 9 succession ( num]\s & v>i$ l9es ( desc5t spread ?r\gh\t ! ,*ur*2 t 7b7 _! v]dict is ne>ly always decisive & cle>2 & t nev]!less 7c7 su* unanimity or majority ( witnesses is n ! te/imony ( me*anical or suborn$ te/ifi]s1 b is ! co9cid5ce1 z facts unque/ionably prove1 except 9 c]ta9 in/ances ( indep5d5t depon5ts to ! same /ory4 ,let me be all[$ to decl>e7#cgb7 9 conclusion t no p]son is compet5t to pron\nce conc]n+ ! m]its or dem]its ( cursive copies ( ! ,gospels1 :o has n himself1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 collat$ ) great exactness at lea/ a few ( !m4 ,he w be mat]ially assi/$1 if x has ev] fall5 9 8 way to famili>ize himself h[ev] p>tially ) ! text ( va/ numb]s4 ,b no?+ c supply ! place ( exact collation ( at lea/ a few copies3 ( :i* lab\r1 if a man has _h no exp]i5ce at all1 he mu/ submit to be assur$ t he really has no "r to express himself confid5tly 9 ?is subject-matt]4 ,he argues1 n f facts1 b f 8 own imag9ation ( :at ! facts ( ! case w probably be4 ,^? only :o h m9utely collat$ sev]al copies1 & exam9$ ) consid]able att5tion a l>ge proportion ( all ! ,sacr$ ,codexes extant1 are entitl$ to speak ) au?ority "h4 ,fur!r1 ,i v5ture to ass]t t no conviction w =ce itself s irresi/ibly on ! m9d ( him :o submits to ! lab\r ( exactly collat+ a few ,cursive copies ( ! ,gospels1 z t ! docum5ts 9 "q h be5 execut$ ) ev5 extraord9>y dilig5ce1 fidelity1 & skill4 ,t hi/ory confirms ?is conviction1 we h only to survey ! elaborate arrangem5ts made 9 mona/]ies = c>ry+ on ! duty1 & p]fect+ ! art1 ( copy+ ! ,holy ,scriptures4 ,if !re=e ?is body ( ,manuscripts be ?us decl>$ by ! excell5ce ( its text1 by ! evid5t pa9s be/[$ ^u its production1 z well z by ! cons5ti5ce ) x ( o!r evid5ce1 to possess high *>act]i/ics2 if x repres5ts ! matur$ settlem5t ( _m delicate & difficult que/ions by ! ,*ur* :i* aft] c5turies ( vacillation m or less1 & inde$ less r ?an m1 0 to la/ = a mu* l>g] numb] ( c5turies2 mu/ x n require great def]5ce inde$ f all /ud5ts ( ! ,new ,te/am5t8 ,let x always be rememb]$1 t no s+le ,cursive is "h select$ f ! re/ or advanc$ to any position :atsoev] :i* w\ld inve/ its v]dicts ) any special au?ority4 ,x is ! ma9 body ( ! ,cursives1 agree+ z !y g5]ally d ) ! exception ( a few ecc5tric gr\ps or individuals1 :i* is entitl$ to su* respect accord+ to ! measure ( _! agreem5t4 ,& 9 po9t ( fact1 ! ,cursives :i* h be5 collat$ are s g5]ally cons5ti5t1 z to leave no d\bt t ! multitude :i* ne$s collation w agree simil>ly4 ,d\btless1 ! lat] ,uncials & ! ,cursives are only a class ( ! g5]al evid5ce :i* is n[ be=e u3 b x is desirable t ^? ,textual ,/ud5ts :o h be5 dispos$ to und]value ?is class %\ld weigh ) c&\r & fairness ! argum5ts exi/+ 9 fav\r ( x1 :i* we h attempt$ to exhibit 9 ?is *apt]4 ,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,,conclusion4 ,! ,traditional ,text has n[ be5 trac$1 f ! e>lie/ ye>s ( ,*ri/ianity ( :i* any record ( ! ,new ,te/am5t rema9s1 to ! p]iod :5 x 0 en%r9$ 9 a l>ge numb] ( c>efully-writt5 manuscripts 9 ma9 accord ) "o ano!r4 ,pro( has be5 giv5 f ! writ+s ( ! e>ly ,fa!rs1 t ! idea t ! ,traditional ,text arose 9 ! middle ( ! f\r? c5tury is a m]e halluc9ation1 prompt$ by only a p>tial acqua9tance ) ^? writ+s4 ,& witness to ! exi/5ce & pr$om9ance ( t =m ( ,text has be5 f\nd 9 ! ,pe%itto ,v]sion & 9 ! be/ ( ! ,lat9 ,v]sions1 :i* !mselves also h be5 foll[$ back to ! beg9n+ ( ! second c5tury or ! end ( ! fir/4 ,we h also discov]$ ! tru?1 t ! settlem5t ( ! ,text1 ?\gh ma9ly made 9 ! f\r? c5tury1 0 n f9ally accompli%$ till ! eigh? c5tury at ! e>lie/2 & t ! lat] ,uncials1 n ! olde/1 toge!r ) ! cursives express1 n s+ly1 n 9 small bat*es or companies1 b 9 _! ma9 agreem5t1 ! decisions :i* _h gr[n up 9 ! ,*ur*4 ,9 s do+1 att5tion has be5 paid to all ! exi/+ evid5ce3 none has be5 omitt$4 ,quod semp]1 quod ubique1 quod ab omnibus1 has be5 ! und]ly+ pr9ciple4 ,! f\ndations ( ! build+ h be5 laid z deeply & z broadly z our p[] w\ld all[4 ,no o!r c\rse w\ld be 9 consonance ) sci5tific proc$ure4 ,! sev5 notes ( tru? h be5 made z compreh5sive z possible4 ,antiquity1 numb]1 v>iety1 weight1 cont9uity1 context1 & int]nal evid5ce1 include all po9ts ( view & all me?ods ( exam9ation :i* are really s\nd4 ,! *>act]s ( ! ,vatican1 ,s9aitic1 & ,bezan manuscripts h be5 %ewn to be bad1 & ! /reams :i* l$ to _! production f ,syrio-,old-,lat9 & ,alex&rian s\rces to ! tempor>y s*ool ( ,caes>ea h be5 trac$ & expla9$4 ,x has be5 also %ewn to be probable t corruption began & took root ev5 be=e ! ,gospels 7 writt54 ,! g5]al conclusion :i* has gr[n ^u our m9ds has be5 t ! affections ( ,*ri/ians h n be5 misdirect$2 t ! /ronge/ ex]cise ( reason has prov$ _! in/9cts to h be5 s\nd & true2 t ! ,text :i* we h us$ & lov$ re/s ^u a va/ & v>i$ support2 t ! multi=m record ( ,manuscripts1 ,v]sions1 & ,fa!rs1 is f\nd to def5d by l>ge majorities 9 almo/ all in/ances ^? preci\s words ( ,holy ,writ1 :i* h be5 call$ 9 "q dur+ ! latt] half ( ?is c5tury4 ,we submit t x _c be d5i$ t we h pres5t$ a /rong case1 & naturally we look to see :at has be5 said aga9/ x1 s9ce except 9 "s features x has be5 be=e ! ,_w & ! ,*ur* = "s ye>s4 ,we submit t x has n receiv$ due att5tion f oppos+ critics4 ,if inde$ ! op9ions ( ! o!r ,s*ool _h be5 prec$$ by1 or gr\nd$ ^u1 a se>*+ exam9ation1 su* z we h made 9 ! case ( ,b & 1 ( ! va/ mass ( evid5ce ^u :i* we re/1--if ?is great body ( te/imony _h be5 prov$ to be bad f ov]balanc+ te/imony or o!rwise1--we %\ld h f\nd reason = d\bt1 or ev5 = a rev]sal ( our decisions4 ,b ,la*mann1 ,tregelles1 & ,tis*5dorf laid d[n pr9ciples *iefly1 if n exclusively1 on ! score ( _! intr9sic probability4 ,we/cott & ,hort built up _! own !ory ^u reason+ int]nal to x1 )\t cle>+ ! gr\nd fir/ by any c>eful & detail$ scrut9y4 ,besides :i*1 all ( !m con/ruct$ _! build+s be=e travell]s by railways & /eam%ips _h plac$ )9 _! rea* ! l>g] "p ( ! mat]ials :i* are n[ ready = use4 ,we he> con/antly ! proclamation made 9 dogmatic tones t !y are "r3 no pro( adequate to ! /r5g? ( our cont5tion has be5 work$ out to %ew t we are wrong4 ,nev]!less1 x may be be/ to li/5 = a mom5t to su* objections z h be5 advanc$ aga9/ conclusions l ^!1 & :i* x may be presum$ w be urg$ aga94 #a4 8,aft] all x _c be d5i$ t ,b & are ! olde/ manuscripts ( ! ,new ,te/am5t 9 exi/5ce1 & t !y mu/ !re=e be entitl$ to ! def]5ce due to _! age40 ,n[ ! e>li] "p ( ?is allegation is conc$$ by u entirely3 prima facie x con/itutes a v /rong argum5t4 ,b x is really f\nd on exam9ation to be sup]ficial4 ,fa!rs & ,v]sions are virtually old]1 &1 z has be5 demon/rat$1 are dead aga9/ ! claim set up on behalf ( ^? anci5t manuscripts1 t !y are ! possessors ( ! true text ( ! ,gospels4 ,besides :i* antiquity is n ! sole note ( tru? any m ?an numb] is4 ,s mu* has be5 already said on ?is "p ( ! subject1 t x is ne$less to ent] into long] discussion "h4 #b4 8,! te/imony ( witnesses ought to be weigh$ be=e x is reckon$40 ,d\btless3 ?is also is a truism1 & all[ance has be5 made = x 9 ! v>i\s 8notes ( tru?40 ,b ?is argum5t1 app>5tly s simple1 is really int5d$ to c>ry a huge assumption involv$ 9 an elaborate ma9t5ance ( ! 7suppos$7 excell5t "* ( ,b & & _! associates4 ,aft] s mu* t has be5 br\ght to ! *>ge ( ^? two ,,mss4 9 ?is treatise1 x is unnecess>y n[ to urge m ?an t !y appe>$ 9 /range times1 :5 ! ,*ur* 0 convuls$ to h] c5tre2 t1 z has be5 demon/rat$1 _! peculi> read+s 7 9 a v decid$ m9ority 9 ! p]iod be=e !m2 &1 z all admit1 7 reject$ 9 ! ages t pass$ aft] ! "t ( _! date4 #c4 ,x is /at$ t ! ,traditional is a conflate text1 i4e4 t passages h be5 put toge!r f m ?an "o o!r text1 s t !y are composite 9 con/ruction in/ead ( be+ simple4 ,we h already treat$ ?is allegation1 b we reply n[ t x has n be5 e/abli%$3 ! op9ion ( ,canon ,cooke :o analys$ all ! examples quot$ by ,hort7#cgc71 ( ,scriv5] :o said !y prov$ no?+7#cgd71 & ( _m o!r critics & s*ol>s has be5 aga9/ x4 ,! conv]se position is ma9ta9$1 t ! text ( ,b & is clipp$ & mutilat$4 ,take ! foll[+ passage1 :i* is fairly typical ( ! l>ge class 9 "q3 8,= we are memb]s ( ,8 ,body0 7writes ,/4 ,paul7#cge77 8( ,8 fle% & ( ,8 bones0 7 74 ,b ^? la/ #i words are disall[$ by rec5t editors1 because !y are abs5t f ,b-1 ,a1 #h1 & #ag1 & ! m>g9 ( #fg1 besides ! ,bohairic v]sion4 ,yet are ! words g5u9e4 ,!y are f\nd 9 ,,dfgklp & ! :ole body ( ! cursives3 9 ! ,old ,lat9 & ,vulgate & ! two ,syriac v]sions3 9 ,ir5aeus7#cgf71--;9 ,!odorus ( ,mopsue/ia7#cgg71--;9 ,nilus7#cgh71--;9 ,*ryso/om7#cgi7 m ?an f\r times1--9 ,sev]ianus7#chj71--;9 ,!odoret7#cha71--;9 ,ana/asius ,s9aita7#chb71--;& 9 ,john ,damasc5e7#chc74 ,!y 7 probably read by ,orig57#chd7 & by ,me?odius7#che74 ,_m ,lat9 ,fa!rs1 viz4 ,ambrose7#chf71--,pacian7#chg71--;,esaia s abb47#chh71--,victor9us7#chi71--;,j]ome7 #cij71--;,augu/9e7#cia7--;& ,leo ,p47#cib7 recognise !m4 ,su* ample & su* v>i$ atte/ation is n to be set aside by ! vapid & uns\nd dictum 8,we/]n & ,syrian10--or by ! weak sugge/ion t ! words 9 dispute are an unau?oriz$ gloss1 fabricat$ f ! ,,lxx v]sion ( ,g54 ii4 #bc4 ,t ,/4 ,paul's allusion is to ! oracul> utt]ance ( our fir/ fa!r ,adam1 is true en\gh3 b1 z ,al=d aft] ,b5gel well po9ts out1 x is incr$ible t any =g] c h be5 at "w "h4 ,su* que/ions h[ev]1 z we mu/ aga9 & aga9 insi/1 are n to be det]m9$ by int]nal consid]ations3 no1--nor by dictation1 nor by prejudice1 nor by div9ation1 nor by any subjective !ory ( conflation on :i* exp]ts & critics may be hopelessly at issue3 b by ! weight ( ! def9ite evid5ce actually producible & produc$ on ei!r side4 ,& :51 z 9 ! pres5t in/ance1 ,antiquity1 ,v>iety ( te/imony1 ,respectability ( witnesses1 & ,numb] are ov]:elm+ly 9 fav\r ( ! ,traditional ,text1 :at else is x b an outrage on ! laws ( evid5ce to claim t ! same little b& ( docum5ts :i* h already come be=e u s (t51 & always be5 f\nd 9 error1 ev5 ?\gh aid$ by speculative suppositions1 %all be p]mitt$ to outweigh all o!r te/imony8 ,to build !re=e ^u a conflate or composite "* 9 a set ( read+s w\ld be contr>y to ! evid5ce3--or at any rate1 x w\ld at ! be/ be to lay f\ndations ^u gr\nd :i* is approv$ by "o s*ool ( critics & disput$ by ! o!r 9 e case4 ,! det]m9ation ( ! text ( ,holy ,scripture has n be5 h&$ ov] to a m]e conflict ( opposite op9ions1 or to ! unc]ta9 s&s ( conjecture4 ,besides1 z has be5 already /at$1 no am\nt ( conflation w\ld supply passages :i* ! de/ructive s*ool w\ld :olly leave out4 ,x is impossible to 8conflate0 9 places :]e ,b & _! associates furni% no mat]ials = ! suppos$ conflation4 ,bricks _c be made )\t clay4 ,! mat]ials actually exi/+ are ^? ( ! ,traditional ,text itself4 ,b 9 fact ^! que/ions are n to be settl$ by ! s*ol>ly ta/e or op9ions ( ei!r s*ool1 ev5 ( t :i* we advocate4 ,!y mu/ re/ ^u ! v]dict f\nd by ! facts 9 evid5ce3 & ^? facts h be5 already plac$ 9 array4 #d4 ,aga91 /ress is laid ^u ,g5ealogy4 ,inde$1 z ,dean ,burgon himself goes on to say1 s mu* has lately be5 writt5 ab\t 8! pr9ciple0 & 8! me?od0 8( g5ealogy10 t x becomes 9 a high degree desirable t we %\ld asc]ta9 precisely :at ^? expressions lawfully mean4 ,no fair controv]siali/ w\ld will+ly fail to assign its legitimate place & value to any pr9ciple = :i* he obs]ves an oppon5t eag]ly cont5d+4 ,b "h is a 8pr9ciple0 & "h is a 8me?od0 :i* are decl>$ to be ( ev5 p>am\nt importance4 8,docum5ts 444 are all fragm5ts1 usually casual & scatt]$ fragm5ts1 ( a g5ealogical tree ( transmission1 sometimes ( va/ ext5t & intricacy4 ,! m exactly we are able to trace ! *ief ramifications ( ! tree1 & to det]m9e ! places ( ! sev]al docum5ts among ! bran*es1 ! m secure w be ! f\ndations laid = a criticism capable ( di/+ui%+ ! orig9al text f its successive corruptions7#cic740 ,! expression is metaphorical2 belong+ ( "r to families ( m51 b transf]r$ to ,textual ,sci5ce z indicative t simil> ph5om5a att5d families ( manuscripts4 ,un=tunately ! ph5om5a att5d+ transmission1--( ,natures on ! "o h&1 ( ,texts on ! o!r1--are ess5tially dissimil>4 ,a dim9utive c\ple may give bir? to a race ( giants4 ,a g5ius has be5 kn[n to beget a dunce4 ,a brood ( *ildr5 exhibit+ extraord9>y div]sities ( "*1 aspect1 ability1 sometimes spr+ f ! same pair4 ,no?+ l ?is is possible 9 ! case ( hone/ly-made copies ( ,,mss4 ,! analogy breaks d[n !re=e 9 respect ( its mo/ ess5tial feature4 ,& yet1 !re c be no objection to ! use ( ! t]m 8,g5ealogy0 9 connexion ) manuscripts1 provid$ always t no?+ m is meant !reby ?an d]ivation by ! process ( copy+3 no?+ else claim$ b t 8,id5tity ( read+ implies id5tity ( orig97#cid740 ,only 9 ?is limit$ way are we able to avail ourselves ( ! pr9ciple ref]r$ to4 ,( c\rse if x 7 a well-asc]ta9$ fact conc]n+ ?ree copies 7,,xyz71 t ,z 0 copi$ f ,y1 & ,y f ,x1 ,,xyz might reasonably be spok5 ( z repres5t+ ?ree desc5ts 9 a p$igree2 al?\gh ! int]val betwe5 ,z & ,y 7 only six mon?s1--! int]val betwe5 ,y & ,x1 six hundr$ ye>s4 ,moreov]1 ^! w\ld be n ?ree indep5d5t au?orities1 b only "o4 ,su* a case1 h[ev]1--7! fact _c be too cle>ly appreh5d$71--is simply non-exi/5t4 ,:at is kn[n commonly lies on ! surface3--viz4 t occasionally betwe5 two or m copies !re exi/s su* an am\nt ( peculi> textual aff9ity z to con/ra9 u to adopt ! supposition t !y h be5 d]iv$ f a common orig9al4 ,^! peculi>ities ( text1 we tell ourselves1 _c be =tuit\s4 ,tak+ our /& on ! true pr9ciple t 8id5tity ( read+ implies id5tity ( orig910 we insi/ on reason+ f ! kn[n to ! unkn[n3 & 7at our humble di/ance7 we are fully z confid5t ( our sci5tific fact z ,adams & ,le ,v]ri] w\ld h be5 ( ! exi/5ce ( ,neptune _h !y nev] actually obta9$ sight ( t planet4 ,s f> are we !re=e f d5y+ ! value & importance ( ! pr9ciple "u discussion t we are able to demon/rate its efficacy 9 ! resolution ( "s textual problems :i* h be5 giv5 9 ?is "w4 ,?us ,e1 ! uncial copy ( ,/4 ,paul1 is 8no?+ bett]10 says ,scriv5]1 8?an a transcript ( ! ,cod4 ,cl>omontanus0 ,d4 8,! ,greek is manife/ly wor?less1 & %\ld long s9ce h be5 remov$ f ! li/ ( au?orities7#cie740 ,tis*5dorf nev]!less1 n ,tregelles1 quotes x on e page4 ,he has no bus9ess to d s1 ,codexes ,d & ,e1 to all int5ts & purposes1 be+ /rictly "o ,codex4 ,?is case1 l ! two next1 happily does n admit ( div]sity ( op9ion4 ,next1 ,f & ,g ( ,/4 ,paul's ,epi/les1 inasmu* z !y are confess$ly d]iv$ f "o & ! same ar*etype1 are n to be reckon$ z two au?orities1 b z "o4 ,aga91 ! correspond5ce betwe5 ! n9e ,,mss4 ( ! ,f]r> gr\p--,evann4 #ac at ,p>is1 #fi at ,leice/]1 #abd at ,vi5na1 #cdf at ,milan1 #eef 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 #efa at ,bank ,h\se1 ,wisbe*1--& 9 a less] degree1 #cdh at ,milan1 #fbd at ,crypta ,f]rata1 #ghh at ,a!ns1--is s extraord9>y z to r5d] x c]ta9 t ^! copies are 9 ! ma9 d]iv$ f "o common ar*etype7#cif74 ,h5ce1 ?\gh "o ( !m 7#ghh7 is ( ! t5? c5tury1 ?ree 7#cdh1 #efa1 #fbd7 are ( ! elev5?1 f\r 7#ac1 #abd1 #cdf1 #eef7 ( ! twelf?1 & "o 7#fi7 ( ! f\rte5?1 _! jo9t evid5ce is held to be tantam\nt to ! recov]y ( a lo/ uncial or papyrus ( v e>ly date1--:i* uncial or papyrus1 by ! way1 x w\ld be conv5i5t to indicate by a new symbol1 z ,fr4 /&+ = ,f]r>1 s9ce :i* 0 once attribut$ to !m is n[ appropriat$ to ! ,codex ,b]at9us4 ,if indicat$ num]ically1 ! figures %\ld at all ev5ts be connect$ by a hyph5 7#ac-fi-abd-cdf-;c472 n z if !y 7 indep5d5t witnesses1 z ,tis*5dorf quotes !m4 ,& la/ly1 ,b & are und5iably1 m ?an any o!r two ,codexes :i* c be nam$1 ! deposit>ies ( "o & ! same peculi>1 all b unique1 text4 ,i propose to apply ! =ego+ rem>ks to ! solution ( "o ( ! mo/ important ( ,textual problems4 ,t a controv]sy has rag$ ar\nd ! la/ twelve v]ses ( ,/4 ,m>k's ,gospel is kn[n to all4 ,kn[n also x is t a labori\s treatise 0 publi%$ on ! subject 9 #ahga1 :i*1 9 ! op9ion ( compet5t judges1 has _h ! effect ( remov+ ! 8,la/ ,twelve ,v]ses ( ,/4 ,m>k0 beyond ! rea* ( suspicion4 ,not)/&+ ?is1 at ! end ( t5 ye>s an attempt 0 made to revive ! old plea4 ,! passage1 say ,drs4 ,we/cott & ,hort1 8manife/ly _c claim any ,apo/olic au?ority2 b is d\btless f\nd$ on "s tradition ( ! ,apo/olic age10 ( :i* ! 8precise date mu/ rema9 unkn[n40 ,x is 8a v e>ly int]polation0 7pp4 #ea1 #df74 ,9 a ^w1 8! la/ twelve v]ses0 ( ,/4 ,m>k's ,gospel1 accord+ to ,drs4 ,we/cott & ,hort1 are spuri\s4 ,b :at is _! gr\nd ( confid5ce8 = we claim to be z compet5t to judge ( te/imony z !y4 ,x proves to be 8! unique crit]ion suppli$ by ! concord ( ! indep5d5t atte/ations ( & ,b0 7p4 #df74 8,indep5d5t atte/ations06 ,b :5 two copies ( ! ,gospel are confess$ly d]iv$ f "o & ! same orig9al1 h[ c _! 8atte/ations0 be call$ 8indep5d5t08 ,?is is h[ev] greatly to und]/ate ! case4 ,! non-indep5d5ce ( ,b & 9 respect ( ,/4 ,m>k xvi4 #i-bj is absolutely unique3 =1 /range to relate1 x s happ5s t ! v leaf on :i* ! end ( ,/4 ,m>k's ,gospel & ! beg9n+ ( ,/4 ,luke's is writt5 7,/4 ,m>k xvi4 #b-,luke i4 #ef71 is "o ( ! six leaves ( ,cod4 :i* are held to h be5 writt5 by ! scribe ( ,cod4 ,b4 8,! inf]5ce10 rem>ks ,scriv5]1 8is simple & direct1 t at lea/ 9 ^! leaves ,codd4 ,b make b "o witness1 n two7#cig740 ,! pr9ciple ( ,g5ealogy admits ( a m ext5d$ & a m important application to ?is case1 because ,b & d n /& q alone1 b are exclusively associat$ ) ?ree or f\r o!r manuscripts :i* may be reg>d$ z be+ desc5d$ f !m4 ,z f> z we c judge1 !y may be reg>d$ z ! f\nd]s1 or at lea/ z prom95t memb]s ( a family1 ^: desc5dants 7 few1 because !y 7 g5]ally condemn$ by ! g5]ations :i* came aft] !m4 ,n !y1 b o!r families ^u o!r g5ealogical /ems1 7 ! m l to ! patri>* ^: prog5y 0 to equal ! />s ( heav5 9 multitude4 ,lea/ ( all %all ,i be s simple z to pret5d to fix ! precise date & assign a def9ite locality to ! fontal s\rce1 or s\rces1 ( our pres5t p]plexity & di/ress4 ,b ,i suspect t 9 ! little h&ful ( au?orities :i* h acquir$ su* a notoriety 9 ! annals ( rec5t ,textual ,criticism1 at ! head ( :i* /& ,codexes ,b & 1 are to be recogniz$ ! *>act]i/ic features ( a lo/ family ( 7once well kn[n7 second or ?ird-c5tury docum5ts1 :i* ow$ _! exi/5ce to ! misguid$ zeal ( "s well-int5tion$ b utt]ly incompet5t p]sons :o devot$ !mselves to ! task ( correct+ ! ,text ( ,scripture2 b 7 entirely unfit = ! und]tak+7#cih74 ,yet ,i v5ture also to ?9k t x 0 9 a great measure at ,alex&ria t ! text 9 "q 0 fabricat$4 ,my *ief reasons = ?9k+ s are ! foll[+3 7#a7 ,!re is a m>k$ resemblance betwe5 ! peculi> read+s ( ,b & ! two ,egyptian ,v]sions1--! ,bohairic or ,v]sion ( ,l[] ,egypt especially4 7#b7 ,no "o c fail to h be5 /ruck by ! evid5t sympa?y betwe5 ,orig51--:o at all ev5ts _h pass$ m ?an half 8 life at ,alex&ria1--& ! text 9 "q4 7#c7 ,i notice t ,nonnus also1 :o liv$ 9 ! ,!baid1 exhibits consid]able sympa?y ) ! text :i* ,i deem s corrupt4 7#d7 ,i _c ov]look ! fact t ,cod4 0 discov]$ 9 a mona/]y "u ! sway ( ! patri>* ( ,alex&ria1 ?\gh h[ x got !re no evid5ce rema9s to po9t out4 7#e7 ,! lic5ti\s h&l+ s *>act]i/ic ( ! ,septuag9t ,v]sion ( ! ,o4 ,t41--! "w ( ,alex&rian ,jews1--po9ts 9 ! same direction1 & leads me to suspect t ,alex&ria 0 ! f9al s\rce ( ! text ( ,b-4 7#f7 ,i fur!r obs]ve t ! sacr$ ,text 77 9 ,cyril's ,homilies on ,/4 ,john is (t5 simil> to ,b-2 & ?is1 ,i take = grant$1 0 ! effect ( ! s*ool ( ,alex&ria1--n ( ! patri>* himself4 7#g7 ,dionysius ( ,alex&ria compla9s bitt]ly ( ! corrupt ,codexes ( 8 day3 & c]ta9ly 7#h7 ,clem5s habitually employ$ copies ( a simil> k9d4 ,he too 0 ( ,alex&ria7#cii74 ,su* are ! *ief consid]ations :i* incl9e me to suspect t ,alex&ria contribut$ l>gely to our ,textual tr\bles4 ,! read+s ( ,b- are ! consequ5ce ( a junction ( two or m /reams & !n ( d]ivation f a s+le ar*etype4 ,?is inf]5ce is confirm$ by ! fact t ! same g5]al text :i* ,b exhibits is exhibit$ also by ! eigh?-c5tury ,codex ,l1 ! "w probably ( an ,egyptian scribe7#djj73 & by ! t5?-c5tury ,codex #cc3 & by ! elev5?-c5tury ,codex #a3 & to "s ext5t by ! twelf?-c5tury ,codex #fi4 ,we h already be5 able to advance to ano!r & a v important /ep4 ,!re is no?+ 9 ! hi/ory ( ! e>lie/ times ( ! ,*ur* to prove t vellum manuscripts ( ! ,new ,te/am5t exi/$ 9 any numb] be=e ! f\r? c5tury4 ,no su* docum5ts h come d[n to u4 ,b we d "k1 z has be5 %ewn above7#dja71 t writ+s on papyrus 7 transcrib$ on vellum 9 ! libr>y ( ,caes>ea4 ,:at mu/ we !n conclude8 ,t1 z has be5 already sugge/$1 papyrus ,,mss4 are ma9ly ! prog5itors ( ! ,uncials1 & probably ( ! olde/ ,uncials4 ,besides ?is inf]5ce1 we h se5 t x is also mo/ probable t _m ( ! ,cursives 7 transcrib$ directly f papyrus books or rolls4 ,s t ! ,g5ealogy ( manuscripts ( ! ,new ,te/am5t includes a va/ numb] ( desc5dants1 & _m l9es ( desc5t1 :i* ramifi$ f "o /em on ! orig9al />t f ! autograph ( ea* book4 ,! ,vatican & ! ,s9aitic d n /& pre-em95t because ( any great l9e ( p>5tage pass+ ?r\gh !m to a multitud9\s po/]ity inh]it+ ! e>?1 b !y are memb]s ( a condemn$ family ( :i* ! issue has be5 small4 ,! reject$ ( ! f\r? c5tury has be5 spurn$ by succe$+ c5turies4 ,& surely n[ also ! f\r? c5tury1 ri* 9 a roll ( m5 conspicu\s ev] s9ce = capacity & le>n+1 may be p]mitt$ to proclaim its real s5tim5ts & to be judg$ f its own decisions1 )\t be+ disfran*is$ by critics ( ! n9ete5?4 ,! hi/ory ( ! ,traditional ,text1 on ! contr>y1 is cont9u\s & complete "u ! view ( ,g5ealogy4 ,! p$igree ( x may be comm5d$ to ! exam9ation ( ! ,h]alds' ,college4 ,x goes /ep by /ep 9 unbrok5 succession regul>ly back to ! e>lie/ "t4 ,! pres5t pr9t$ editions may be comp>$ = extreme accuracy ) ! text pass$ by ! ,elzevirs or ,beza z ! text receiv$ by all ( _! "t4 ,erasmus foll[$ 8 few ,,mss4 because he knew !m to be good repres5tatives ( ! m9d ( ! ,*ur* :i* _h be5 in=m$ "u ! ceaseless & lov+ c>e ( m$iaeval transcrib]s3 & ! text ( ,erasmus pr9t$ at ,basle agre$ 9 b little v>iation ) ! text ( ! ,complut5sian editors publi%$ 9 ,spa91 = :i* ,c>d9al ,xim5es procur$ ,,mss4 at :atev] co/ he c\ld4 ,no "o d\bts ! co9cid5ce 9 all ess5tial po9ts ( ! pr9t$ text ) ! text ( ! ,cursives4 ,dr4 ,hort c]tifies ! ,cursive ,text z f> back z ! middle ( ! f\r? c5tury4 ,x dep5ds ^u v>i\s l9es ( desc5t1 & re/s on ! te/imony suppli$ by num]\s contempor>y ,fa!rs be=e ! ye> #ajjj ,a4,d41 :5 co-exi/+ ,,mss4 fail$ to be> witness 9 multitudes4 ,! acceptance ( x by ! ,*ur* ( ! fif? c5tury1 :i* saw ! settlem5t ( ! great doctr9al controv]sies ei!r made or confirm$1 proves t ! seal 0 set ^u ! validity ( ! e>lie/ p$igrees by ! illu/ri\s intellects & ! s\nd fai? ( ^? days4 ,& 9 ! fif? *apt] ( ?is "w1 contempor>y witness is c>ri$ back to ! fir/ days4 ,!re is ?us a clu/] ( p$igrees1 n 9 "o l9e b 9 _m p>allel c\rses ( desc5t1 n 9 "o c\ntry b 9 sev]al1 rang+ ov] ! :ole ,ca?olic ,*ur* :]e ,greek 0 und]/ood1 atte/$ by ,v]sions1 & illu/rat$ copi\sly by ,fa!rs1 along :i* )\t break 9 ! cont9uity ! ,traditional ,text 9 its ma9 features has be5 transmitt$4 ,d\btless some?+ /ill rema9s = ! ,*ur* to d "u ! pres5t extraord9>y weal? ( au?orities 9 ! v]ification ( "s p>ticul>s issu+ 9 a small numb] ( alt]ations1 n 9 *all5g+ or *ang+ l ! o!r s*ool any?+ approa*+ to "o-eigh? ( ! ,new ,te/am5t7#djb73 = t we n[ possess 9 ! ma9 ! v ,words ( ! ,holy ,gospels z !y issu$ f _! inspir$ au?ors1 we are taught "u ! pr9ciple ( ,g5ealogy t !re is no valid reason to d\bt4 ,to conclude1 ! sy/em :i* we advocate w be se5 to contra/ /rik+ly ) t :i* is upheld by ! oppos+ s*ool1 9 ?ree g5]al ways3 ,i4 ,we h ) u wid? & dep? aga9/ ! n>r[ness on _! side4 ,!y are conspicu\sly contract$ 9 ! fewness ( ! witnesses :i* !y deem wor?y ( cr$5ce4 ,!y are re/rict$ z to ! p]iod ( hi/ory :i* alone !y consid] to des]ve att5tion4 ,!y are conf9$ ) reg>d to ! c\ntries f :i* _! te/imony comes4 ,!y w\ld supply ,*ri/ians ) a %ort5$ text1 & educate !m "u a ca/-iron sy/em4 ,we on ! contr>y *ampion ! _m aga9/ ! few3 we welcome all witnesses1 & weigh all te/imony3 we uphold all ! ages aga9/ "o or two1 & all ! c\ntries aga9/ a n>r[ space4 ,we ma9ta9 ! g5u9e & all-r\nd ,ca?olicism ( real ,*ri/5dom aga9/ a disc>d$ sect>ianism exhum$ f ! f\r? c5tury4 ,if we condemn1 x is because ! evid5ce condemns4 ,we cl+ to all ! preci\s ,words t h come d[n to u1 because !y h be5 s pres]v$ to our days "u v]dicts dep5d+ ^u ov]:elm+ pro(4 ,,ii4 ,we oppose facts to _! speculation4 ,!y exalt ,b & & ,d because 9 _! own op9ion ^? copies are ! be/4 ,!y weave +5i\s webs1 & inv5t subtle !ories1 because _! p>adox ( a few aga9/ ! _m requires +5uity & subtlety = its support4 ,dr4 ,hort revell$ 9 f9espun !ories & te*nical t]ms1 su* z 8,intr9sic ,probability10 8,transcriptional ,probability10 8,int]nal evid5ce ( ,read+s10 8,int]nal evid5ce ( ,docum5ts10 :i* ( c\rse connote a c]ta9 am\nt ( evid5ce1 b are weak pill>s ( a heavy /ructure4 ,ev5 conjectural em5dation7#djc7 & inconsi/5t decrees7#djd7 are n reject$4 ,!y are infect$ ) ! !oriz+ :i* spoils "s ( ! be/ ,g]man "w1 & ) ! idealism :i* is ! bane ( _m academic m9ds1 especially at ,ox=d & ,cambridge4 ,9 contra/ ) ?is soj\rn 9 cl\dl&1 we are ess5tially ( ! e>? ?\gh n e>?y4 ,we are no?+1 if we are n gr\nd$ 9 facts3 our appeal is to facts1 our te/ lies 9 facts1 s f> z we c we build te/imonies ^u te/imonies & pile facts on facts4 ,we imitate ! proc$ure ( ! c\rts ( ju/ice 9 decisions result+ f ! conv]g+ product ( all ! evid5ce1 :5 x has be5 cross-exam9$ & sift$4 ,z m5 ( bus9ess1 n less ?an /ud5ts1 we endeav\r to pursue ! /udies ( ! libr>y accord+ to ! be/ me?ods ( ! _w4 ,,iii4 ,our oppon5ts are gradually gett+ out ( date3 ! _w is drift+ away f !m4 ,?\s&s ( manuscripts h be5 add$ to ! kn[n /ores s9ce ,tis*5dorf =m$ 8 sy/em1 & ,hort began to !orize1 & _! h&ful ( fav\rite docum5ts has become by comp>ison less & less4 ,s9ce ! dea?s ( bo? ( ^? em95t critics1 ! treasures dug up 9 ,egypt & else:]e h put back ! date ( ! sci5ce ( palaeography f ! f\r? c5tury aft] ! ,*ri/ian era to at lea/ ! ?ird c5tury be=e1 & papyrus has sprung up into unexpect$ prom95ce 9 ! anci5t & m$iaeval hi/ory ( writ+4 ,x is discov]$ t !re 0 no uncial p]iod ?r\gh :i* ! g5ealogy ( cursives has necess>ily pass$4 ,old !ories on ^? po9ts mu/ g5]ally be recon/ruct$ if !y are to tally ) kn[n facts4 ,b ?is accession ( k :i* puts our oppon5ts 9 ! wrong1 has no effect on u except to confirm our position ) new pro(4 ,inde$1 we welcome ! unlock+ ( ! all b b\ndless treasury ( anci5t weal?1 s9ce our !ory1 be+ z op5 z possible1 & re/+ ^u ! visible & real1 rema9s n only un9jur$ b /r5g!n$4 ,if x 7 to require any re-arrangem5t1 t w\ld be only a re-ord]+ ( p>ticul>s1 n ( our pr9ciples :i* are capaci\s en\gh to admit ( any addition ( mat]ials ( judgem5t4 ,we tru/ to ! ,*ur* ( all ! ages z ! keep] & witness ( ,holy ,writ1 we b[ to ! tea*+ ( ! ,,holy ,,gho/1 z convey$ 9 all wisdom by facts & evid5ce3 & we are c]ta91 t1 foll[+ no preconceiv$ notions ( our own1 b l$ "u su* guidance1 mov$ by pr9ciples s reasonable & compreh5sive1 & obs]v+ rules & in/ructions appeal+ to u ) su* au?ority1 we are 9 all ma9 respects ,,/&+ ,,^u ,,! ,,rock4 ,,app5dix ,i4 ,,honeycomb-- 4 ,! ,dean left positive in/ructions = ! publication ( ?is ,diss]tation1 z be+ f9i%$ = ,press4 ,i propose next to call att5tion to ! omission f ,/4 ,luke xxiv4 #db ( a preci\s incid5t 9 ! hi/ory ( our ,"l's ,resurrection4 ,x 0 9 ord] effectually to conv9ce ! ,disciples t x 0 ,himself1 9 ,8 human body1 :o /ood be=e !m 9 ! upp] *amb] on ! ev5+ ( ! fir/ ,ea/] ,day1 t ,he inquir$1 v]4 #da 8,h ye "h any meat8 v]4 #db & !y gave ,him a piece ( a broil$ fi%1 ,,& ,,( ,,an ,,honeycomb40 ,b ^? f\r la/ words 7 7 because !y are n f\nd 9 six copies ( ! ,gospel1 are by ,we/cott & ,hort eject$ f ! text4 ,calamit\s to relate1 ! ,revis]s ( #ahha 7 by ^? critics p]suad$ to exclude !m also4 ,h[ d m5 suppose t su* a clause z t e/abli%$ itself univ]sally 9 ! sacr$ text1 if x be spuri\s8 8,h[ d y suppose10 ,i %all be ask$ 9 reply1 8if x be g5u9e1 t su* a clause became omitt$ f any manuscript at all80 ,i answ]1--,! omission is due to ! preval5ce 9 ! e>lie/ age ( fabricat$ exhibitions ( ! ,gospel n>rative2 9 :i*1 s+ul> to relate1 ! incid5t record$ 9 ,/4 ,luke xxiv4 #da-dc 0 id5tifi$ ) t o!r my/]i\s repa/ :i* ,/4 ,john describes 9 8 la/ *apt]7#dje74 ,x seems incr$ible1 at fir/ sight1 t an attempt w\ld ev] be made to e/abli% an en=c$ h>mony betwe5 incid5ts exhibit+ s _m po9ts ( m>k$ contra/3 = ,/4 ,luke speaks ( 7#a7 8broil$ fi% & honeycomb10 7#b7 :i* 8!y gave ,him10 7#c7 8& ,he did eat0 7#d7 on ! fir/ ,ea/] ,day1 7#e7 at ev5+1 7#f7 9 a *amb]1 7#g7 at ,j]usalem3--:]eas ,/4 ,john specifies 7#a7 8bread1 & fi% likewise10 7#b7 :i* ,he gave !m1 7#c7 & ( :i* x is n relat$ t ,himself p>took4 7#d7 ,! occasion 0 subsequ5t3 7#e7 ! "t1 e>ly morn+3 7#f7 ! sc5e1 ! sea-%ore3 7#g7 ! c\ntry1 ,galilee4 ,let x be c&idly admitt$ on ! o!r h&1 9 ! way ( excuse = ^? anci5t m51 t 8broil$ fi%0 0 common to bo? repa/s2 t !y bo? belong to ! p]iod subsequ5t to ! ,resurrection3 t ! same p>ties1 our ,,"l namely & ,8 ,apo/les1 7 conc]n$ 9 ei!r transaction2 & t bo? are prefac$ by simil> words ( inquiry4 ,waiv+ ?is1 x is a pla9 fact t ,eusebius 9 8 #i? ,canon1 makes ! two incid5ts p>allel2 numb]+ ,/4 ,luke 7xxix4 #da-c71 #cda2 & ,/4 ,john 7xxi4 #i1 #aj1 #ab1 fir/ half1 & #ac71 sev]ally #bba1 #bbc1 #bbe4 ,! ,syriac sections :i* h hi!rto escap$ ! att5tion ( critical s*ol>s7#djf7 are yet m precise4 ,let ! int5tion ( _! v5]able compil]--:oev] he may h be5--be exhibit$ 9 full4 ,x has nev] be5 done be=e3-- 87,,/4 ,,luke xxiv47 87,,/4 ,,john xxi470 8 #cig4 ,jesus said unto !m1 8 #bee4 ,jesus sai? unto !m1 ,h ye "h any meat8 7v]4 #da47 ,*ildr51 h ye any meat8 ,!y answ]$ ,him1 ,no4 7v]4 #e47 8,id4 444 8 #bei 444 ,z soon !n z !y 7 come to l&1 !y saw a fire ( coals !re1 & fi% laid !reon1 & bread4 7v]4 #i47 8 #cih4 ,& !y gave ,him a piece 8 #bfd4 ,jesus !n come? & ( a broil$ fi% & ( an take? bread1 & give? !m1 & honeycomb4 7v]4 #db47 fi% likewise4 7v]4 #ac47 8 #cii4 ,& ,he took x & did eat 8 #bfb4 ,jesus sai? unto !m1 ,come be=e !m4 7v]4 #dc470 & d9e4 7v]4 #ab470 ,! int5tion ( all ?is is unmi/akable4 ,! places are delib]ately id5tifi$4 ,b ! mis*ief is ( mu* old] date ?an ! ,eusebian ,canons1 & mu/ h be5 d]iv$ 9 ! fir/ in/ance f a di/9ct s\rce4 ,eusebius1 z he himself in=ms u1 did b foll[ 9 ! wake ( o!rs4 ,%\ld ! ,diatess>on cf ,ammonius or t ( ,tatian ev] be recov]$1 a flood ( light w = ! fir/ "t be p\r$ ov] a dep>tm5t ( evid5ce :]e at pres5t we mu/ be cont5t to grope our way7#djg74 ,b ano!r elem5t ( confusion ,i suspect is d]iv$ f t lo/ ,comm5t>y on ! ,song ( ,solomon 9 :i* ,orig5 is said to h surpass$ himself7#djh74 ,c]ta9 ( ! anci5ts insi/ on discov]+ 9 ,/4 ,luke xxiv4 #db ! lit]al fulfilm5t ( ! ,greek v]sion ( ,cant4 v4 #a1 8,i ate my bread ) honey40 ,cyril ( ,j]usalem rem>ks t ^? words ( ! sp\se 87 fulfill$0 :5 8!y gave ,him a piece ( a broil$ fi% & ( an honeycomb7#dji703 :ile ,gregory ,nyss4 po9ts out 7allud+ to ! same place7 t 8! true ,bread10 :5 ,he appe>$ to ,8 ,disciples1 80 by honeycomb made sweet7#daj740 ,little did ^? ,fa!rs imag9e ! p]plexity :i* at ! end ( #ae c5turies _! f]vid & sometimes fanciful ref]5ces to ,scripture w\ld occasion6 ,i proce$ to %ew h[ invet]ately ! anci5ts h confus$ ^! two n>ratives1 or r ^! two di/9ct occasions4 8,:o kn[s n10 asks ,epiphanius1 8t our ,,savi\r ate1 aft] ,8 ,resurrection f ! dead8 ,z ! holy ,gospels ( ,tru? h x1 #8,!re 0 giv5 unto ,him' :i* is a ref]5ce to ,/4 ,luke1 #8bread & "p ( a broil$ fi%4' b x is ,/4 ,john :o m5tions ! bread2--#8& ,he took & ate' b only accord+ to ,/4 ,luke1 #8& gave to ,8 disciples1' b only accord+ to ,/4 ,john4 ,& yet ! ref]5ce mu/ be to ,/4 ,luke's n>rative1 = ,epiphanius /raightway adds1 #8z ,he also did at ! sea ( ,tib]ias2 bo? eat+1' al?\gh no eat+ on ,8 "p is record$ conc]n+ t meal1 #8& di/ribut+7#daa74' 0 ,ephraem ,syrus makes ! same mis-/atem5t4 8,if ,he 0 n fle%10 he asks1 8:o 0 x1 at ! sea ( ,tib]ias1 :o ate7#dab780 8,:ile ,pet] is fi%+10 says ,hesy*ius7#dac71 7) pla9 ref]5ce to ! n>rative 9 ,/4 ,john71 8behold 9 ! ,,"l',s h&s bread & honeycomb7#dad703 :]e ! 8honeycomb0 has cle>ly lo/ its way1 & has ?ru/ out ! 8fi%40 ,epiphanius else:]e ev5 m fatally confuses ! two incid5ts4 8,,jesus0 7he says7 8on a second occasion aft] ,8 ,resurrection ate bo? a piece ( a broil$ fi% & "s honeycomb7#dae740 ,"o w\ld h set ?is d[n to %e] inadv]t5ce1 b t ,j]ome circum/antially makes ! self-same ass]tion3--8,9 ,john we read t :ile ! ,apo/les 7 fi%+1 ,he /ood ^u ! %ore1 & ate "p ( a broil$ fi% & honeycomb4 ,at ,j]usalem ,he is n relat$ to h done any?+ ( ! k9d7#daf740 ,f :om c ,j]ome h d]iv$ t wild /atem5t7#dag78 ,x is c]ta9ly n 8 own4 ,x occurs 9 8 lett] to ,h$ibia :]e he is cle>ly a translator only7#dah74 ,9 ano!r place1 ,j]ome says1 8,he s\ght fi% broil$ ^u ! coals1 9 ord] to confirm ! fai? ( ,8 d\bt+ ,apo/les1 :o 7 afraid to approa* ,him1 because !y ?\ght !y saw a _s1--n a solid body7#dai703 :i* is a mix+ up ( ,/4 ,john's n>rative ) t ( ,/ ,luke4 ,clem5s ,alex41 9 a passage :i* has hi!rto escap$ notice1 delib]ately affirms t 8! ,,"l bless$ ! loaves & ! broil$ fi%es ) :i* ,he fea/$ ,8 ,disciples7#dbj740 ,:]e did he f9d t piece ( in=mation8 ,"o ?+ m 9 connexion ) ! 8broil$ fi% & honeycomb40 ,a?anasius--& ,cyril ,alex47#dba7 aft] him--rehe>se ! incid5t ) entire accuracy2 b ,a?anasius adds ! apocryphal /atem5t t 8,he took :at rema9$ ov]1 & gave x unto !m7#dbb703 :i* ta/eless app5dix is f\nd besides 9 ,cureton's ,syriac n 9 ! ,lewis1--9 ! ,bohairic1 ,h>kleian1 ,arm5ian1 & ,e?iopic ,v]sions2 & mu/ once h prevail$ to a =midable ext5t1 = x has ev5 e/abli%$ itself 9 ! ,vulgate7#dbc74 ,x is witness$ to1 besides1 by two n9?-c5tury uncials 77 & t5 cursive copies7#dbd74 ,! ?\ghtful read] w say to himself1--8,_h only ,cod4 ,b jo9$ itself to ?is =midable conspiracy ( primitive witnesses1 we %\ld h _h ?is also ?ru/ ^u u by ! new s*ool z indubitable ,gospel3 & remon/rances w\ld h be5 9 va960 ,n[1 z all mu/ see1 x is simply incr$ible t ^! _m ,fa!rs1 _h !y employ$ hone/ly-made copies ( ,/4 ,luke's & ( ,/4 ,john's ,gospel1 c\ld h fall5 into su* frequ5t & su* /range misrepres5tations ( :at ^? ,evangeli/s actually say4 ,f "s fabricat$ ,gospel--f "s 8,diatess>on0 or 8,life ( ,*ri/10 once fam\s 9 ! ,*ur*1 long s9ce utt]ly =gott51--f "s unau!ntic n>rative ( our ,savi\r's ,dea? & ,resurrection1 ,i say1 ^! sev]al depravations ( ! sacr$ /ory mu/ ne$s h be5 import$ into ,/4 ,luke's ,gospel4 ,& lo1 out ( all t f>rago1 ! only manuscript traces :i* survive at ?is di/ant day1 are f\nd 9 ! notori\s ,b-1 ) ,a1 ,d1 ,l1 & 1--"o copy ea* ( ! ,old ,lat9 7e7 & ! ,bohairic & ! ,lewis1--:i* exclusively enjoy ! un5viable di/9ction ( omitt+ ! incid5t ( ! 8honeycomb03 :ile ! confess$ly spuri\s app5dix1 8,he gave !m :at rema9$ ov]10 enjoys a f> m anci5t1 m v>i$1 & m respectable atte/ation1--& yet has f\nd fav\r ) no s+le ,editor ( ! ,sacr$ ,text3 no1 nor h our ,revis]s se5 fit by a m>g9al note to apprize ! ord9>y ,engli% read] t 8_m uncial au?orities0 are disfigur$ 9 ?is p>ticul> way4 ,) ?is latt] accretion to ! inspir$ v]ity1 !re=e1 we ne$ n delay ourselves3 b t1 s _m di/urb+ influ5ces hav+ result$1 at ! end ( sev5te5 c5turies1 9 ! elim9ation ( ! clause f six corrupt copies ( ,/4 ,luke's ,gospel1--a fix$ det]m9ation or a blund]+ t5d5cy %\ld n[ be exhibit$ to mutilate ! ,evangelical n>rative 9 respect ( ! incid5t :i* ^? f\r words embody1--?is may well create anxiety4 ,x makes critical inquiry an imp]ative duty3 n inde$ = our own satisfaction1 b = t ( o!rs4 ,^u ourselves1 ! only effect produc$ by ! sight ( half a doz5 ,evangelia1--:e!r writt5 9 ! uncial or 9 ! cursive "* we deem a matt] ( small acc\nt1--oppos+ !mselves to ! :ole body ( ! copies1 uncial & cursive alike1 is simply to make u suspici\s ( ^? six ,evangelia4 ,%ew u t !y h be5 repeat$ly tri$ already & z (t5 h be5 condemn$1 & our suspicion becomes int5se4 ,add su* evid5ce ( ! op]ation ( a di/urb+ =ce z has be5 already set be=e ! read]2 & fur!r inquiry 9 our own m9ds we deem sup]flu\s4 ,b we mu/ answ] ^? di/+ui%$ ,critics :o h rul$ t ,codexes ,b-1 ,d1 ,l1 c h>dly if ev] err4 ,! sil5ce ( ! ,fa!rs is really n ( mu* acc\nt4 ,"s critics quote ,clem5s ,alex&r9us4 ,b let t ,fa!r be all[$ to speak = himself4 ,he is inveigh+ aga9/ gluttony4 8,is n v>iety consi/5t ) simplicity ( diet80 7he asks72 & he enum]ates olives1 vegetables1 milk1 *eese1 c4 ,if x mu/ be fle%1 he proce$s1 let ! fle% be m]ely broil$4 8 #8,h ye "h any meat8' said our ,"l to ,8 disciples aft] ,8 ,resurrection4 ,:]eupon1 hav+ be5 by ,him taught frugality 9 respect ( diet1 #8!y gave ,him a piece ( a broil$ fi%4' 444 ,yet may ! fact n be ov]look$ t ^? :o sup z ,! ,^w approves may p>take besides ( #8honeycomb4' ,! fitte/ food1 9 a ^w1 we consid] to be t :i* requires no cook+3 next1 z ,i began by expla9+1 *eap & ord9>y articles ( diet7#dbe740 ,%all ,i be ?\ght unreasonable if ,i insi/ t s f> f all[+ t ,clem5s is 8sil5t0 conc]n+ ! 8honeycomb10 ,i ev5 reg>d 8 te/imony to ! tradition>y read+ ( ,/4 ,luke xxiv4 #db z express8 ,at ! end ( #agjj ye>s1 ,i am z sure t 8honeycomb0 0 f\nd 9 8 copy1 z if ,i _h se5 x ) my eyes4 ,orig51 :o is next adduc$1 9 "o place rem>ks conc]n+ our ,,savi\r--8,x is pla9 t aft] ,8 ,resurrection1 ,he ate ( a fi%7#dbf740 ,! same ,fa!r else:]e int]prets my/ically ! circum/ance t ! ,disciples 8gave ,him a piece ( a broil$ fi%7#dbg740 ,eusebius 9 l mann] ?rice m5tions ! fact t our ,,"l p>took ( 8broil$ fi%7#dbh70 aft] ,8 ,resurrection4 ,& because ^! writ]s d n also m5tion 8honeycomb10 x is assum$ by ,tis*5dorf & 8 s*ool t ! words _c h exi/$ 9 _! copies ( ,/4 ,luke7#dbi74 ,! propos$ inf]5ce is pla9ly inadmissible4 ,cyril1 aft] quot+ accurately ,/4 ,luke xxiv4 #cf to #dc 78honeycomb0 & all77#dcj71 proce$s to rem>k exclusively on ! incid5t ( ! 8fi%07#dca74 ,ambrose & ,augu/9e c]ta9ly recogniz$ ! incid5t ( 8! honeycomb03 yet ! latt] m]ely rem>ks t 8to eat fi% ) ! ,,"l is bett] ?an to eat l5tiles ) ,esau7#dcb720 :ile ! =m] draws a my/ical inf]5ce f 8! record 9 ! ,gospel t ,,jesus ate broil$ fi%es7#dcc740 ,is x n obvi\s t ! m conspicu\s incid5t1--t ( ! 8broil$ fi%10--be+ common to bo? repa/s1 /&s = all t 0 p>tak5 ( on ei!r occasion8 9 o!r words1 repres5ts ! entire meal8 ,x excludes nei!r ! 8honeycomb0 ( ! upp] *amb]1 nor ! 8bread0 :i* 0 eat5 beside ! ,galilean lake4 ,t]tullian7#dcd71 int5d+ no slight ei!r to ! 8broil$ fi%0 or to ! 8bread10 makes m5tion only ( our ,"l's hav+ 8eat5 honeycomb0 aft] ,8 ,resurrection4 ,& s ,j]ome1 address+ ,john1 bi%op ( ,j]usalem1 exclaims--8,:y did ! ,"l eat honeycomb8 ,n 9 ord] to give !e lic5ce to eat honey1 b 9 ord] to demon/rate ! tru? ( ,8 ,resurrection7#dce740 ,to draw inf]5ces f ! rhetorical sil5ce ( ! ,fa!rs z if we 7 deal+ ) a ma!matical problem or an ,act ( ,p>liam5t1 c only result 9 misconceptions ( ! mean+ ( ^? anci5t m54 ,z = ,orig51 !re is no?+ 9 ei!r ( ! two places commonly cit$ f 8 writ+s7#dcf71 :]e he only m5tions ! p>tak+ ( 8fi%10 to preclude ! belief t ,orig5 knew ( ! 8honeycomb0 also 9 ,/4 ,luke xxiv4 #db4 ,we h b fragm5ts ( 8 ,comm5t>y on ,/4 ,luke7#dcg71 & an abridg$ translation ( 8 fam\s ,comm5t>y on ,canticles4 ,%\ld ^! works ( 8 be h]eaft] recov]$ 9 _! entirety1 ,i /rongly suspect t a c]ta9 s*olium 9 ,cordi]'s ,cat5a on ,/4 ,luke7#dch71 :i* conta9s a v elaborate recognition ( ! 8honeycomb10 w be f\nd to be no?+ else b an exc]pt f "o or o!r ( !m4 ,at foot ! le>n$ read] w be gratifi$ by ! sight ( ! orig9al ,greek ( ! s*olium ref]r$ to7#dci71 :i* ,cordi] s infelicit\sly exhibits 9 ,lat94 ,he w at lea/ be made aw>e t if x be n ,orig5 :o !re speaks to u1 x is "s o!r v anci5t fa!r1 ^: te/imony to ! g5u95ess ( ! clause n[ "u consid]ation is positive evid5ce 9 its fav\r :i* greatly outweighs ! negative evid5ce ( ! ar*etype ( ,b-4 ,b 9 fact z a specim5 ( my/ical int]pretation1 ! passage 9 "q is q 9 ,orig5's way7#ddj7--;has all 8 f]vid wildness1--9 all probability is actually 84 ,! "q h[ev] to be decid$ is cle>ly n :e!r c]ta9 anci5t copies ( ,/4 ,luke 7 )\t ! incid5t ( ! honeycomb2 b only :e!r x is reasonable to inf] f ! premisses t ! ,evangeli/ made no m5tion ( x4 ,& ,i v5ture to anticipate t read]s w decide ?is "q ) me 9 ! negative4 ,t1 f a p]iod ( ! remote/ antiquity1 c]ta9 di/urb+ =ces h ex]cis$ a baneful influ5ce ov] ?is portion ( ,scripture is a pla9 fact3 & t _! comb9$ ag5cy %\ld h result$ 9 ! elim9ation ( ! incid5t ( ! 8honeycomb0 f a few copies ( ,/4 ,luke xxiv4 #db1 ne$ create no surprise4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ?is ,evangelical incid5t is atte/$ by ! foll[+ witnesses3-- ,9 ! second c5tury1 by ,ju/9 ,m47#dda71--;by ,clem5s ,alex&r9us7#ddb71--;by ,t]tullian7#ddc71--;by ! ,old-,lat91--& by ! ,pe%itto ,v]sion3 ,9 ! ?ird c5tury1 by ,cureton's ,syriac1--& by ! ,bohairic3 ,9 ! f\r? c5tury1 by ,a?anasius7#ddd71--;by ,gregory ( ,nyssa7#dde71--;by ,epiphanius7#ddf71--;by ,cyril ( ,j]usalem7#ddg71--;by ,j]ome7#ddh71--;by ,augu/9e7#ddi71--;& by ! ,vulgate3 ,9 ! fif? c5tury1 by ,cyril ( ,alex&ria7#dej71--;by ,proclus7#dea71--;by ,vigilius ,taps5sis7#deb71--;by ! ,arm5ian1--& ,e?iopic ,v]sions3 ,9 ! six? c5tury1 by ,hesy*ius & ,cod4 ,n7#dec73 ,9 ! sev5? c5tury1 by ! ,h>kleian ,v]sion4 ,surely an ,evangelical incid5t atte/$ by s _m1 su* respectable1 & su* v5]able witnesses z ^!1 is cle>ly above suspicion4 ,besides its recognition 9 ! anci5t s*olium to :i* att5tion has be5 l>gely invit$ already7#ded71 we f9d ! incid5t ( ! 8honeycomb0 recogniz$ by #ac anci5t ,fa!rs1--by #h anci5t ,v]sions1--by ! unfalt]+ ,tradition ( ! univ]sal ,*ur*1--above all1 by e copy ( ,/4 ,luke's ,gospel 9 exi/5ce 7z f> z is kn[n71 uncial z well z cursive--except six4 ,t x c>ries on its front ! impress ( its own g5u95ess1 is :at no "o w d5y7#dee74 ,yet 0 ,dr4 ,hort = dismiss+ x )\t c]emony4 8,a s+ul> int]polation evid5tly f an extrane\s s\rce1 writt5 or oral10 he says4 ,a s+ul> halluc9ation1 we v5ture to reply1 bas$ on ideal gr\nds & 8a sy/em ( ,textual ,criticism hopelessly self-condemn$7#def720 see+ t t +5i\s & le>n$ critic has no?+ to urge except t ! words 9 dispute are omitt$ by ,b-1--by ,a seldom f\nd 9 ! ,gospels 9 su* association1--by ,d ( ! six? c5tury1--by ,l ( ! eigh?1--by ( ! n9?4 ,i h be5 s diffuse on ?is place because ,i desire to exhibit an in/ance %ew+ t c]ta9 p]turbations ( ! sacr$ ,text dem& labori\s inve/igation1--h a s+ul> hi/ory ( _! own1--may on no acc\nt be dispos$ ( 9 a high-h&$ way1 by apply+ to !m any cut & dri$ treatm5t1--nay ,i mu/ say1 any arbitr>y %ibbole?4 ,! clause 9 dispute enjoys 9 p]fection e note ( a g5u9e read+3 viz4 numb]1 antiquity1 v>iety1 respectability ( witnesses1 besides cont9uity ( atte/ation3 e "o ( :i* notes are away f t exhibition ( ! text :i* is cont5d$ = by my oppon5ts7#deg74 ,tis*5dorf conjectures t ! 8honeycomb0 may h be5 fir/ br\ght 9 f ! 8,gospel ( ! ,hebrews40 ,:at if1 on ! contr>y1 by ! ,val5t9ian 8,gospel ( ,tru?10--a composition ( ! second c5tury1--! 8honeycomb0 %\ld h be5 fir/ ?ru/ out7#deh78 ,! pla9 /atem5t ( ,epiphanius 7quot$ above7#dei77 seems to e/abli% ! fact t 8 maim$ citation 0 d]iv$ f t suspici\s s\rce4 ,let ! =ego+ be accept$ z a specim5 ( ! injury occasionally su/a9$ by ! ,evangelical text 9 a v remote age f ! evil influ5ce ( ! fabricat$ n>ratives1 or ,diatess>ons1 :i* anci5tly ab\nd$4 ,! g5u95ess ( ! clause 1 x is hop$1 w nev] m be s]i\sly call$ 9 "q4 ,surely x has be5 demon/rat$ to be q above suspicion7#dfj74 ,,app5dix ,,ii4 --,,v9eg>4 ,! ,dean ?\ght ?is to be "o ( 8 mo/ p]fect pap]s4 ,:5 ,he _h rea*$ ! place call$ ,golgo?a1 !re 7 "s :o (f]$ to ! ,son ( ,man 7 87 = giv+0 ,him7 a draught ( w9e drugg$ ) myrrh7#dfa74 ,he w\ld n s mu* z ta/e x4 ,pres5tly1 ! soldi]s gave ,him :ile hang+ on ! ,cross v9eg> m+l$ ) gall7#dfb74 ,?is ,he ta/$1 b decl9$ to dr9k4 ,at ! end ( six h\rs1 ,he cri$1 8,i ?ir/03 :]eupon "o ( ! soldi]s ran1 fill$ a sponge ) v9eg>1 & gave ,him to dr9k by (f]+ ! sponge up to ,8 m\? secur$ to ! summit ( ! re$ ( asp]sion3 :]eby 7z ,/4 ,john significantly rem>ks7 x cov]$ ! bun* ( c]emonial hyssop :i* 0 us$ = spr9kl+ ! p7#dfc74 ,?is "t ,he drank2 & exclaim$1 8,x is f9i%$40 ,n[1 ! anci5ts1 & inde$ ! mod]ns too1 h hopelessly confus$ ?is pa!tic /ory by id5tify+ ! 8v9eg> & gall0 ( ,/4 ,matt4 xxvii4 #cd ) ! 8myrrh$ w9e0 ( ,/4 ,m>k xv4 #bc2 %ew+ !re9 a want ( critical p]ception :i* may reasonably excite a/oni%m5t2 = 8w9e0 is n 8v9eg>10 nei!r is 8myrrh0 8gall40 ,& surely1 ! in/9ct ( humanity :i* s\ght to alleviate ! torture ( crucifixion by adm9i/]+ to our ,savi\r a prelim9>y soporific draught1 0 entirely di/9ct f ! fi5di% malice :i* aft]w>ds ) a nause\s potion /rove to aggravate ! agony ( dissolution4 ,lea/ ( all is x reasonable to id5tify ! leisurely act ( ! insol5t soldi]y at ! ?ird h\r7#dfd71 ) :at 8"o ( !m0 7evid5tly appall$ by ! d>kness7 8ran0 to d at ! n9?7#dfe74 ,eusebius nev]!less1 9 8 clumsy sectional sy/em1 brackets7#dff7 toge!r ^! ?ree places 7,/4 ,matt4 xxvii4 #cd1 ,/4 ,m>k xv4 #bc1 ,/4 ,john xix4 #bi73 :ile mod]ns 7z ! excell5t ,isaac ,williams7 & anci5ts 7z ,cyril ( ,j]usalem77#dfg7 alike /r5u\sly cont5d t ! two fir/ mu/ ne$s be id5tical4 ,! consequ5ce might h be5 =ese54 ,besides ! sub/itution ( 8w9e0 = 8v9eg>0 7 = 7 :i* survives to ?is day 9 n9ete5 copies ( ,/4 ,matt4 xxvii4 #cd1 ! words 8& gall0 are f\nd improp]ly ?ru/ into f\r or five copies ( ,/4 ,john xix4 #bi4 ,z = ,eusebius & ,mac>ius ,magnes1 !y read ,/4 ,john xix4 #bi aft] su* a mon/r\s fa%ion ( _! own1 t ,i propose to invite sep>ate att5tion to x 9 ano!r place4 ,s9ce h[ev] ! attempt to assimilate ! f\r? ,gospel to ! fir/ 7by exhibit+ 9 ,/4 ,john xix4 #bi7 is univ]sally admitt$ to be indef5sible1 x ne$ n occupy u fur!r4 ,i return to ! propos$ sub/itution ( = 9 ,/4 ,matt4 xxvii4 #cd1 & h only to po9t out t x is z pla9 an in/ance ( en=c$ h>mony z c be produc$4 ,t x exi/s 9 _m copies ( ! ,old-,lat91 & l+]s on 9 ! ,vulgate3 is ! read+ ( ! ,egyptian1 ,e?iopic1 & ,arm5ian ,v]sions & ! ,lewis ,cod42 & survives 9 ,b,,dkl1 besides ?irte5 ( ! cursives7#dfh72--;all ?is w seem /range to ^? only :o h hi!rto fail$ to recognize ! und5iable fact t ,codd4 ,b- ,,dl are among ! f\le/ 9 exi/5ce4 ,x does b prove h[ invet]ately1 z well z f h[ remote a p]iod1 ! error "u discussion has prevail$4 ,& yet1 ! great & old ,pe%itto ,v]sion1--,b>nabas7#dfi71--;,ir5aeus7#dg j71--,t]tullian7#dga71--;,celsus7#dgb71- -,orig57#dgc71--! ,sibyll9e v]ses 9 two places7#dgd7 7quot$ by ,lactantius71--& ps4-,tatian7#dge71--;are m anci5t au?orities ?an any ( ! prec$+1 & !y all yield adv]se te/imony4 ,com+ d[n to ! f\r? c5tury1 7to :i* ,b- belong17 ^? two ,codexes f9d !mselves contradict$ by ,a?anasius7#dgf7 9 two places1--by ano!r ( ! same "n7#dgg7 :o has be5 mi/ak5 = ! patri>* ( ,alex&ria1--by ,eusebius ( ,emesa7#dgh71--;by ,!odore ( ,h]aclea7#dgi71--;by ,didymus7#dhj71--;by ,gregory ( ,nyssa7#dha71--;& by 8 namesake ( ,nazianzus7#dhb71--;by ,ephraem ,syrus7#dhc71--;by ,lactantius7#dhd71--;by ,j]ome7#dhe71--;by ,ruf9us7#dhf71--;by ,*ryso/om7#dhg71--;by ,sev]ianus ( ,gabala7#dhh71--;by ,!odore ( ,mopsue/ia7#dhi71--;by ,cyril ( ,alex&ria7#dij71--;& by ,titus ( ,bo/ra7#dia74 ,n[ ^! are m respectable contempor>y witnesses to ! text ( ,scripture by f> ?an ,codexes ,b- & ,d 7:o also h to reckon ) ,a1 1 & --,c be+ mute at ! place71 z well z outnumb] !m 9 ! proportion ( #bd to #b4 ,to ^! 7#h #af 7 #bd are to be add$ ! ,apocryphal 8,gospel ( ,nicodemus7#dib710 :i* ,tis*5dorf assigns to ! ?ird c5tury2 ! 8,acts ( ,philip7#dic710 & ! ,apocryphal 8,acts ( ! ,apo/les7#did710 :i* ,dr4 ,wright claims = ! f\r?2 besides ,hesy*ius7#die71 ,amphilo*ius7#dif71 ps4-,*ryso/om7#dig71 ,maximus7#dih71 ,sev]us ( ,antio*7#dii71 & ,john ,damasc5e7#ejj71--n9e names :i* f> outweigh 9 antiquity & importance ! eigh? & n9?-c5tury ,codexes ,,kl4 ,^? critics 9 fact :o w\ld sub/itute 8w9e0 = 8v9eg>0 9 ,/4 ,matt4 xxvii4 #cd h cle>ly no case4 ,t1 h[ev]1 :i* is absolutely decisive ( ! "q aga9/ !m is ! fact t e uncial & e cursive copy 9 exi/5ce1 except ! v few specim5s already quot$1 atte/ t ! olde/ kn[n read+ ( ?is place is ! true read+4 ,9 fact1 ! ,*ur* has affirm$ 9 ! pla9e/ mann]1 f ! fir/1 t 7n 7 is to be read "h4 ,we are !re=e a/oni%$ to f9d h] delib]ate decree disreg>d$ by ,la*mann1 ,tis*5dorf1 ,tregelles1 ,we/cott & ,hort1 9 an attempt on _! "p to revive :at is a manife/ fabrication1 :i* b = ! ,vulgate w\ld long s9ce h pass$ out ( ! memory ( ,*ri/5dom4 ,7 !y n aw>e t ,j]ome himself knew bett]8 8,usque hodie0 7he says7 8,judaei et omnes incr$uli ,dom9icae resurrectionis1 aceto et felle potant ,jesum2 et dant ei v9um myrrhatum ut eum consopiant1 et mala eorum non videat7#eja730--:]eby he bo? %ews t he read ,/4 ,matt4 xxvii4 #cd accord+ to ! traditional text 7see also p4 #bcc c71 & t he bracket$ toge!r two incid5ts :i* he yet p]ceiv$ 7 ess5tially di/9ct1 & 9 m>k$ contra/ ) "o ano!r4 ,b :at mo/ (f5ds me is ! delib]ate attempt ( ! ,revis]s 9 ?is place4 ,%all ,i be ?\ght unreasonable if ,i av[ t x exce$s my compreh5sion h[ su* a body ( m5 c h p]suad$ !mselves t x is fair to eject ! read+ ( an important place ( ,scripture l ! pres5t1 & to sub/itute = x a read+ re/+ ^u s slight a te/imony )\t furni%+ ord9>y ,*ri/ian read]s ) at lea/ a h9t ( :at !y _h done8 ,!y h consid]$ ! evid5ce 9 fav\r ( 8w9e0 79 ,/4 ,matt4 xxvii4 #cd7 n only 8decid$ly prepond]at+10 b ! evid5ce 9 fav\r ( 8v9eg>0 s slight z to r5d] ! ^w undes]v+ ev5 ( a place 9 ! m>g94 ,w !y f9d a sane jury 9 ,great ,brita9 to be ( ! same op9ion8 ,is ?is ! c&id & equitable action befitt+ ^? :o 7 set to repres5t ! ,*ur* 9 ?is mom5t\s bus9ess8 ,,app5dix ,,iii4 ,,! ,,ri* ,,"y ,,man4 ,! et]nal ,godhead ( ,,*ri/ 0 ! m>k at :i*1 9 ! e>lie/ age ( all1 ,satan p]si/5tly aim$ 8 mo/ env5om$ %afts4 ,/4 ,john1 9 _m a well-kn[n place1 notices ?is2 beg9s & ends 8 ,gospel by proclaim+ our ,savi\r's ,et]nal ,godhead7#ejb72 d5\nces z 8deceiv]s10 8li>s10 & 8anti*ri/s10 ! h]etical tea*]s ( 8 own day :o d5i$ ?is7#ejc72--:i* %ews t _! malice 0 9 full activity be=e ! end ( ! fir/ c5tury ( our era2 ere yet1 9 fact1 ! e*oes ( ! ,div9e ,voice _h entirely di$ out ( ! memory ( v anci5t m54 ,^! ,gno/ics f\nd some?+ s+ul>ly apt = _! purpose 9 a fam\s place ( ! ,gospel1 :]e ! bless$ ,speak] seems to disclaim = ,himself ! attribute ( 8goodness10--9 fact seems to di/+ui% betwe5 ,himself & ,,god4 ,allusion is made to an incid5t record$ ) rem>kable sam5ess ( expression by ,/4 ,mat!w 7xix4 #af1 #ag71 ,/4 ,m>k 7x4 #ag1 #ah7 & ,/4 ,luke 7xviii4 #ah1 #ai71 conc]n+ a c]ta9 ri* "y ,rul]4 ,?is man is decl>$ by all ?ree to h approa*$ our ,,"l ) "o & ! same "q1--to h prefac$ x ) "o & ! same gloz+ address1 8,good ,ma/]60--& to h be5 *eck$ by ! object ( 8 adulation ) "o & ! same repro(2--8,:y do/ ?\ :o take/ me = an ord9>y mortal l ?yself7#ejd7 call me good8 ,no "o is good ess5tially good7#eje7 save "o10 t is 8,,god40 444 ,see1 said "s old tea*]s1 fa/5+ bl9dly on ! lett]1--,he disclaims be+ good3 ascribes goodness exclusively to ! ,fa!r3 sep>ates ,himself f v & et]nal ,god7#ejf74444 ,! place 0 accord+ly eag]ly fa/5$ on by ! enemies ( ! ,gospel7#ejg73 :ile1 to v9dicate ! ,div9e utt]ance aga9/ ! purpose to :i* x 0 freely p]v]t$1 & to e/abli% its true mean+1 is f\nd to h be5 ! endeav\r ( ea* ( ! mo/ illu/ri\s ( ! ,fa!rs 9 turn4 ,_! pi\s eloqu5ce w\ld fill a volume7#ejh74 ,gregory ( ,nyssa devotes to ?is subject ! elev5? book ( 8 treatise aga9/ ,eunomius7#eji74 ,9 ord] to emphasize ?is impi\s z well z %all[ gloss ! h]etic ,val5t9us 7,a4,d4 #abj71--) 8 disciples1 ,h]acleon & ,ptolemaeus1 ! ,m>cosians1 ! ,naass5es1 ,m>cion 7,a4,d4 #aej71 & ! re/ ( ! ,gno/ic crew1--n only sub/itut$ 8,"o is good0 = 8,no "o is good b "o10--b evid5tly made x a great po9t besides to introduce ! "n ( ! ,,fa!r1 ei!r 9 place (1 or else 9 addition to1 ! "n ( 8,,god7#eaj740 ,s plausible a depravation ( ! text 0 unsuspici\sly adopt$ by n a few ( ! or?odox4 ,x is f\nd 9 ,ju/9 ,m>tyr7#eaa71--;9 pseudo-,tatian7#eab71--;9 ! ,clem5t9e homilies7#eac74 ,& _m :o1 l ,clem5s ,alex41--,orig51--! ,dialogus1--& pseudo-,tatian 79 five places71 are c>eful to reta9 ! ,evangelical phrase 8,no "o is good b "o t is ,,god10--ev5 !y are obs]v$ to conclude ! s5t5ce ) ! h]etical addition 8,,! ,,fa!r7#ead740 ,i am n ( c\rse d5y+ t ! expression is !ologically correct3 b only am reque/+ ! read] to note t1 on ! pres5t occasion1 x is cle>ly inadmissible2 see+ t x 0 no "p ( our ,savi\r's purpose1 z ,didymus1 ,ambrose1 ,*ryso/om1 ,!odoret po9t out1 to reveal ,himself to su* an "o z ! ri* "y rul] 9 ,8 own ess5tial relation to ! ,et]nal ,fa!r7#eae71--to proclaim 9 %ort1 9 ?is *ance way1 ! great my/]y ( ! ,godhead3 b only 7z ! anci5ts are fond ( po9t+ out7 to reprove ! man = 8 fulsom5ess 9 address+ "o ( 8 fell[s 7z he suppos$7 z 8good7#eaf740 ,9 ! meantime1 ! ext5t to :i* ! app5dix "u discussion prevails 9 ! ,patri/ic writ+s is a s+ul> illu/ration ( ! success ) :i*1 )9 #fj or #gj ye>s ( its com+ into be+1 ! text ( ,scripture 0 assail$2 & ! calamit\s depravation to :i* x 0 liable4 ,surpris+ z well z griev\s to relate1 9 e rec5t critical rec5sion ( ! ,greek text ( ,/4 ,mat!w's ,gospel1 ! fir/ f\r words ( ! h]etical gloss 7 7 h be5 already sub/itut$ = ! sev5 words be=e f\nd !re 7 1 72 & 7m griev\s /ill7 n[1 at ! end ( #agjj ye>s1 an ef=t is be+ made to e/abli% ?is unau?oriz$ =mula 9 our ,engli% ,bibles also4 ,?is is done1 be x obs]v$1 9 opposition to ! foll[+ torr5t ( anci5t te/imony3--viz41 9 ! second c5tury1 ! ,pe%itto ,v]sion1--,ju/9 ,m>tyr7#eag71--ps4-,tatian 7#e times77#eah71--;,clem5s ,alex4 7twice77#eai73--;9 ! ?ird c5tury1 ! ,sahidic ,v]sion1--ps4-,dionysius ,areopag47#ebj73--;9 ! f\r? c5tury1 ,eusebius 7#c times77#eba71 ,mac>ius ,magnes 7#d times77#ebb71--;,basil7#ebc71--;,*ryso/o m7#ebd73--;,a?anasius7#ebe71--;,gregory ,nyss4 7#c times77#ebf71--;& ,didymus app>5tly 7twice77#ebg73--;9 ! fif? c5tury1 ,cod4 ,c1--,augu/9e 9 _m places7#ebh71--;,cyril ,alex47#ebi71--;& ,!odoret 7#h times77#ecj73--;9 ! six? c5tury1 ,antio*us mon47#eca71--! ,opus imp]f47#ecb7--) ! ,h>kleian & ! ,e?iopic ,v]sion4 444 ,:5 to ^! #ba au?orities h be5 add$ all ! kn[n copies1 except six ( diss5ti5ts1--an am\nt ( anci5t evid5ce has be5 adduc$ :i* mu/ be held to be altoge!r decisive ( a "q l ! pres5t7#ecc74 ,= :at1 aft] all1 is ! prop] pro( ( ! g5u95ess ( any read+1 b ! prevail+ cons5t ( ,copies1 ,fa!rs1 ,v]sions8 ,?is fundam5tal tru?1 /rangely ov]look$ 9 ^! la/ days1 rema9s un%ak54 ,= if ! univ]sal cons5t ( ,copies1 :5 su/a9$ by a free appeal to antiquity1 is n to be held def9itive1--:at 9 ! _w is8 ,7 ! subject less solemn !re w\ld be some?+ div]t+ 9 ! navet ( ! m>g9al note ( ! revis]s ( #ahha1--8,"s anci5t au?orities read 444 #8,none is good save "o ev5 ,god4' 0 ,h[ _m 8anci5t au?orities0 did ! ,revis]s suppose exhibit any?+ else8 ,b all ?is1 h[ev] int]e/+ & in/ructive1 w\ld h attract$ little att5tion 7 x n = ! f> m s]i\s corruption ( ! ,sacr$ ,text1 :i* has next to be consid]$4 ,! po9t to be att5d$ to is1 t at ! v remote p]iod ( :i* we are speak+1 x appe>s t c]ta9 ( ! ,or?odox1--) ! be/ int5tions d\btless1 b ) misguid$ zeal1--9 ord] to c\nt]act ! p]nici\s tea*+ :i* ! enemies ( ,*ri/ianity elicit$ f ?is place ( ,scripture1 delib]ately falsifi$ ! inspir$ record7#ecd74 ,avail+ !mselves ( a slight peculi>ity 9 ,/4 ,mat!w's way ( exhibit+ ! words ( ! "y ,rul]1--7namely1 8,:at good ?+ %all ,i d107--!y turn$ our ,,"l',s reply1 8,:y calle/ ?\ me good80 9 ! fir/ ,gospel1 into ?is1--8,:y aske/ ?\ me conc]n+ ! good80 ,! ensu+ =mula :i* ! h]etics _h devis$1--8,"o !re is t is good10 ) "s words ( app5dix conc]n+ ,god ! ,fa!r1 z already expla9$1--gave !m no (f5ce1 because x occasion$ !m no difficulty4 ,x ev5 suit$ _! purpose bett] ?an ! words :i* !y displac$4 ,on ! o!r h&1 !y did n fail to p]ceive t ! epi!t 8good10 8,good ,ma/]10 if suff]$ to rema9 9 ! text1 w\ld witness inconv5i5tly aga9/ !m1 by sugge/+ our ,,"l',s actual reply1--viz4 8,:y calle/ ?\ me good80 ,accord+ly1 9 an evil h\r1 !y proce$$ fur!r to erase ! ^w f _! copies4 ,x is a significant circum/ance t ! f\r uncial ,codexes 7,b,,dl7 :i* exclusively exhibit 2 are exclusively ! f\r :i* omit ! epi!t 4 ,! subsequ5t hi/ory ( ?is gr[? ( error might h be5 =ese54 ,sc>cely _h ! passage be5 piec$ toge!r ?an x began to %ew symptoms ( dis9tegration2 & 9 ! c\rse ( a few c5turies1 x _h s effectually disappe>$1 t tok5s ( x "h & !re are only to be f\nd 9 a few ( ! e>lie/ docum5ts4 ,fir/1 ! epi!t 77 0 too firmly root$ to admit ( a s5t5ce ( p]petual bani%m5t f ! text4 ,besides reta9+ its place 9 e kn[n copy ( ! ,gospels except eight7#ece71 x survives to ?is h\r 9 a va/ majority ( ! mo/ anci5t docum5ts4 ,?us1 is f\nd 9 ,ju/9 ,m>tyr7#ecf7 & 9 ps4-,tatian7#ecg73--;9 ! rema9s ( ! ,m>cosian7#ech71--;& ( ! ,naass5e7#eci7 ,gno/ics2--z well z 9 ! ,pe%itto1--& 9 ! ,old ,lat9 v]sions3--9 ! ,sahidic1--& ! ,bohairic v]sion1--besides 9 ! ,clem5t9e ,homilies7#edj71 9 ,cureton & ,lewis1--& 9 ! ,vulgate3--9 ,orig57#eda71--;9 ,a?anasius7#edb71--;& 9 ,basil7#edc71--;& 9 ,cyril ( ,j]usalem7#edd73--;9 ,ephraem ,syrus7#ede71 & 9 ,gregory ( ,nyssa7#edf73 9 ,mac>ius ,magnes7#edg71--;& 9 ,*ryso/om7#edh73--;9 ,juv5cus7#edi71--;,hil>y7#eej71--;,gaud5 tius7#eea71--;,j]ome7#eeb71--;& ,augu/9e7#eec72--la/ly 9 ,vigilius ,taps5sis7#eed73--;9 ,cyril ,alex47#eee71--;9 ,!odoret7#eef71--;9 ,cod4 ,c1--9 ! ,h>kleian ,v]sion1--& 9 ! ,opus imp]fectum7#eeg74 ,s t1 at ! end ( #agjj ye>s1 #f witnesses ( ! second c5tury1--#c ( ! ?ird1--#ad ( ! f\r?1--#d ( ! fif?1--#b ( ! six?1 come back f all p>ts ( ,*ri/5dom to d5\nce ! lib]ty tak5 by ! anci5ts1 & to witness to ! g5u95ess ( ! traditional text4 ,s mu* !n1--7#a7 ,= ! unau?oriz$ omission ( 1 &--7#b7 ,= ! h]etical sub/itution ( 9 ! room ( 4 ,we h /ill to inquire aft] ! fate ( ! mo/ conspicu\s fabrication ( ! ?ree3 viz4--7#c7 ,! sub/itution ( 2 = 2 ,:at support d ! e>lie/ witnesses l5d to ! inquiry1--8,:y aske/ ?\ me conc]n+ ! good80 444 ,t pat5t p]v]sion ( ! obvi\s purport ( our ,savi\r's address1 ,i answ]1 is disall[$ by ,ju/9 ,m>tyr7#eeh7 7,a4,d4 #adj71--;by ! ,m>cosians7#eei71--;& ! ,naass5es7#efj7 7,a4,d4 #aej71--;by ! ,clem5t9e homilies7#efa71--;& ps4-,tatian7#efb7 7?ird c5tury72--by ! ,pe%itto & ! ,!baic v]sion2--by ,mac>ius ,magnes7#efc71--;,a?anasius7#efd71--;& ,basil7#efe72--;by ,hil>y7#eff71--;,gregory ( ,nyssa7#efg72--;by ,*ryso/om7#efh71--;by ,cyril ,alex47#efi71--;by ,!odoret7#egj71--;by ! ,opus imp]fectum7#ega71--;by ! ,h>kleian1--& ! ,arm5ian v]sions4 ,i h produc$ #ah witnesses1--#d belong+ to ! second c5tury3 #c to ! ?ird3 #f to ! f\r?3 #e to ! fif?4 ,moreov] !y come f e "p ( anci5t ,*ri/5dom4 ,su* an am\nt ( evid5ce1 x mu/ be aga9 decl>$1 is absolutely decisive ( a "q ( ?is nature4 ,:e!r m5 c>e m = ,antiquity or = ,v>iety ( te/imony2 :e!r ,respectability ( witnesses or va/ly prepond]at+ ,numb]s1 m impresses ! imag9ation1--!y mu/ ne$s admit t ! door is "h clos$ aga9/ fur!r debate4 ,! traditional text ( ,/4 ,matt4 xix4 #af1 #ag is c]ta9ly g5u9e1 & mu/ be all[$ to /& unmole/$4 ,= x is high "t to inquire1--,:at1 aft] all1 is ! evid5ce producible on ! o!r side8 ,! exhibition ( ! text1 ,i answ]1 :i* recomm5ds itself s /rongly to my oppon5ts t !y h ?ru/ x bodily into ! ,gospel1 is f\nd 9 its entirety only ) t little b& ( witnesses :i* h already s (t5 come be=e u2 & always ) false te/imony4 ,i am say+ t ,orig57#egb7 9 ! ?ird c5tury1--,codd4 ,b- 9 ! f\r?1--,cod4 ,d 9 ! fif?1--,cod4 ,l 9 ! eigh?1--besides a c\ple ( cursive ,codexes 7,evann4 #a & #bb71--;are lit]ally ! :ole ( ! producible evid5ce = ! ,revis]s' text 9 its entirety4 ,n t ev5 ^! sev5 s-call$ cons5ti5t witnesses are 9 complete accord among !mselves4 ,on ! contr>y4 ,! discrepancy betwe5 !m is p]petual4 ,a collation ( !m ) ! traditional text foll[s3-- 7,d n ,orig4 ,b,l 7 7,b n ,orig4 ,,dl 71 7,orig4 ,b,,dl--7 7,l n ,orig4 ,,bd 7 7,orig4 ,,bd n ,l 7 7,orig4 #ffd;b ,l n ,orig4 #ffd;a ,,bd 72 1 7,orig4 #ffd-e ,b,,dl ,orig4 #fff;b 7,orig4 #ffd;c ,d n ,orig4 #ffe;c #fff;b ,b,l--7 72 7,b,,dl 7,d n ,orig4 ,b,l--7 74 ,c x be possibly reasonable to av[ t su* an am\nt ( discrepancy betwe5 witnesses :i* claim to be cons5ti5t1 inspires confid5ce r ?an di/ru/ 9 e "o ( !m8 ,! read] is next to be told t !re survive1 z might h be5 expect$1 traces 9 sundry qu>t]s ( ?is ?reefold anci5t fraud 7z x seems to be r ?an blund]72--z 9 ,ju/97#egc71 & ! ,m>cosian7#egd71 & ,naass5e h]etics7#ege72 ! ,lat9 ,v]sions7#egf72 ! ,bohairic7#egg72 ! ,cureton & ,lewis7#egh72 pseudo-,dionysius7#egi71 ! ,clem5t9e homilies7#ehj7 & ,eusebius7#eha72 ,cyril ,alex47#ehb7 & ,antio*us ! monk7#ehc7 7,a4,d4 #fad72 ,hil>y7#ehd71 ,j]ome7#ehe71 & ,augu/9e7#ehf72 besides 9 ,evann4 #dgi & #fjd1 & ,ev/4 #e4 ,b ! po9t to be att5d$ to is1 t n "o ( ! =ego+ au?orities sanctions ! text :i* ,la*mann1 ,tis*5dorf1 ,tregelles1 ,w4-,hort1 & ! ,revis]s ( #ahha unanim\sly adopt4 ,?is fir/4 ,& next1 t no soon] are ^! sixte5 witnesses fairly confront$1 ?an !y set ab\t hopelessly contradict+ "o ano!r3 s t x f>es ) !m z x f>$ ) ! ,phili/9es 9 ! days ( ,saul3--8,behold1 e man's sword 0 aga9/ 8 fell[1 & !re 0 a v great discomfiture7#ehg740 ,?is w become be/ und]/ood by ! read] if he w all[ 87,i710 to repres5t ! omission ( ! epi!t 3--87,,ii710 ! sub/itution ( 3--& 87,,iii710 ! sub/itution ( ) or )\t app5dix4 ,= x w appe> t1-- 7a7 ,evan4 #dgi & ,ev/4 #e1 ?\gh !y witness 9 fav\r ( 7,i71 yet witness aga9/ 7,,ii7 & 7,,iii73--& t1 7b7 ,! ,lat9 & ! ,bohairic ,v]sions1 ) ,j]ome & ,evan4 #fjd1 ?\gh !y witness 9 fav\r ( 7,,ii7 & 7,,iii71 yet witness aga9/ 7,i74 ,note1 t ,cureton & ,lewis d ! same3 b !n ! ,cureton /ultifies itself by omitt+ f ! introductory inquiry ! und]l9$ & cle>ly indisp5sable ^w1--8,:at good ?+ mu/ ,i d80 ,! same peculi>ity is exhibit$ by ! ,!baic ,v]sion & by ,cyril ( ,j]47#ehh7 ,n[ ?is is simply fatal to ! te/imony ( ,cureton's ,syr4 conc]n+ 87,,ii710--see+ t1 )\t x1 ! propos$ reply _c h be5 spok54--,x appe>s fur!r t1 7c7 ,augu/9e1 ?\gh he witnesses 9 fav\r ( 7,,ii71 yet witnesses aga9/ bo? 7,i7 & 7,,iii73--& t1 7d7 ,hil>y1 ?\gh he witnesses 9 fav\r ( 7,,iii71 & yields unc]ta9 te/imony conc]n+ 7,i71 yet witnesses aga9/ 7,,ii73--& t1 7e7 ,ju/9 ,m4 79 "o place7 & ! ,m>cosian & ,naass5e h]etics1 toge!r ) ! ,clem5t9e homilies1 ?\gh !y witness 9 fav\r ( 7,,iii71 yet witness aga9/ 7,i7 & 7,,ii73--& t1 7f7 ps4-,dionysius1 ,eusebius1 & ,antio*us mon4 7,a4,d4 #fad71 ?\gh !y witness 9 fav\r ( 7,,ii71 yet witness aga9/ 7,,iii74 7g7 ,cyril also1 ?\gh he deliv]s unc]ta9 te/imony conc]n+ 7,i7 & 7,,ii71 yet witnesses aga9/ 7,,iii74 ,! pla9 fact is t ! place be=e u exhibits e *ief *>act]i/ic ( a clumsy fabrication4 ,no soon] _h x ) p]v]se +5uity be5 piec$ toge!r1 ?an ! process ( dis9tegration set 94 ,! spuri\s phrases 1 & 1 hav+ no lawful dwell+-place ( _! own1 /ray$ out ( ! fir/ ,gospel into ! ?ird z soon z !y 7 inv5t$4 ,cureton 9 ,/4 ,luke xviii4 #ai has bo? phrases1 ,lewis nei!r1--,m>cion1 9 8 h]etical rec5sion ( ,/4 ,luke's ,gospel 7,a4,d4 #aej71 besides ! foll[]s ( ,arius1 adopt ! latt]7#ehi74 8,! key ( ! :ole position10 z ,scriv5] po9ts out1 8is ! epi!t #8good' be=e #8,ma/]' 9 v]4 #af3 = if ?is be g5u9e1 ! only p]t95t answ] is conta9$ 9 ! ,receiv$ ,text7#eij740 ,precisely s3 & x has be5 prov$ to be g5u9e by an am\nt ( cont9u\s atte/ation :i* is absolutely ov]:elm+4 ,we j n[ analyz$ ! inconsi/5t te/imony ( sixte5 anci5t au?orities2 & f\nd t only ! two cursive copies fav\r ! omission ( 1 :ile n9e ( ! olde/ witnesses are = reta9+ x4 ,conc]n+ ! expression 1 ^! inconsi/5t witnesses are ev5ly divid$1--sev5 be+ = x1 sev5 aga9/ x4 ,all1 9 fact1 is error1 confusion1 discord1 ! in/ant we get outside ! traditional text4 ,! reason ( all ?is contr>iety has be5 assign$ already4 ,be=e ,*ri/ianity 0 a hundr$ ye>s old1 two opposite evil influ5ces 7 at "w "h3 "o1 h]etical--:i* result$ 9 7,,iii73 ! o!r1 or?odox1--:i* result$ 9 7,,ii7 & 7,i74 ,^! influ5ces1 proce$+ f opposite camps1 7 ! cause t copies got indep5d5tly propagat$ ( two ar*etypes4 ,b ! ,*ur*1 9 h] corporate capacity1 has decl9$ to "k any?+ ( ei!r4 ,%e has be5 c>eful all d[n ! ages t ! g5u9e read+ %all be rehe>s$ 9 e assembly ( ! fai?ful on ! #ab? ,sunday aft] ,p5teco/2 & behold1 at ?is h\r x is atte/$ by e copy 9 ! _w--except t little h&ful ( fabricat$ docum5ts1 :i* x has be5 ! craze ( ! la/ fifty ye>s to cry up z ! only au!ntic witnesses to ! tru? ( ,scripture1 viz4 ,codd4 ,b,,dl & ,orig54 ,n[1 z to ! fir/ two ( ^!1 ,dr4 ,scriv5] has pron\nc$7#eia7 t 7,b71 8subsequ5t inve/igations h br\ght to light s close a relation z to r5d] x impossible to reg>d !m z indep5d5t witnesses20 :ile e page ( ! ,gospel be>s emphatic witness to ! fact t ,codd4 ,b,,dl are1 z has be5 said1 ! deposit>ies ( a hopelessly deprav$ text4 ,b h[ ab\t ,orig58 ,he1 9 ,a4,d4 #bej1 comm5t+ on ! pres5t place ( ,/4 ,mat!w's ,gospel1 has a great deal to say conc]n+ ! griev\sly corrupt condition ( ! copies h]eab\ts4 ,n[1 ! copies he speaks ( mu/ h be5 old]1 by at lea/ #ajj ye>s1 ?an ei!r ,cod4 ,b or ,cod4 4 ,he makes ?is admission casually 9 ! c\rse ( "s rem>ks :i* af=d a fair sample ( 8 critical me?od & !re=e des]ve att5tion3--,he inf]s f ,rom4 xiii4 #i t if ! ri* "y rul] really did 8love 8 neighb\r z himself10 :i*1 accord+ to ! ?ree ,evangeli/s1 he virtually said he did7#eib71 he 0 p]fect7#eic76 ,yet our ,savi\r's rejo9d] to him is1--8,if ?\ wilt be p]fect10 g & d su* & su* ?+s4 ,hav+ ?us inv5t$ a difficulty :]e none exi/s1 ,orig5 proposes1 z a way out ( x1 to reg>d ! precept 79 ,/4 ,matt4 xix4 #bj1--8,?\ %alt love ?y neighb\r z ?yself07 z an unau?oriz$ accretion to ! ,text1--! "w ( "s ta/eless scribe7#eid74 ,! reasonabl5ess ( suspect+ its g5u95ess 7he says7 is height5$ by ! fact t nei!r 9 ,/4 ,m>k's nor yet 9 ,/4 ,luke's p>allel n>rative1 are ! words f\nd ab\t 8lov+ "o's neighb\r z oneself40 ,z if t 7 n r a reason = presum+ x to be g5u9e6 ,to be sure 7proce$s ,orig57 x w\ld be mon/r\s to reg>d ^! words1 8,?\ %alt love ?y neighb\r z ?yself10 z an int]polation1 7 x n = ! exi/5ce ( s _m o!r discrepancies h]eab\ts4 ,! copies ( ,/4 ,mat!w are 9 fact all at /rife among !mselves4 ,& s are ! copies ( ! o!r ,gospels4 ,va/ inde$1 & ) ?is he concludes1 is ! discrepancy 9 ,/4 ,mat!w7#eie73 :e!r x has proce$$ f ! c>elessness ( ! scribes2--or f crim9al audacity on ! "p ( correctors ( ,scripture2--or :e!r1 la/ly1 x has be5 ! result ( lic5ti\sness on ! "p ( ^? :o1 pret5d+ to 8correct0 ! text1 h add$ or omitt$ accord+ to _! own individual caprice7#eif74 ,n[ all ?is is v in/ructive4 ,"h is ! mo/ fam\s ,critic ( antiquity e/imat+ ! g5u95ess ( a clause 9 ! ,gospel1 n by ! am\nt ( ext]nal atte/ation :i* x enjoys1 b by 8 own self-evolv$ fancies conc]n+ x4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 no extant copy1 ,fa!r1 or ,v]sion is )\t ! clause "u discussion4 ,by propos+ !re=e t x %all be reg>d$ z spuri\s1 ,orig5 does b convict himself ( ra%ness & incompet5cy4 ,b :5 ?is same ,critic1--:o1 by 8 own %ew+1 has _h ! evil hap to alight on a collection ( s+ul>ly corrupt docum5ts1--proce$s to h&le a text ( ,scripture :i* has demon/rably _h a calamit\s hi/ory f ! fir/ days ( ! ,gospel until n[2--two inconv5i5t que/ions =ce !mselves on our att5tion3--,! fir/1--,:at confid5ce c be repos$ 9 8 judgem5t8 ,! second--,:at is !re to conciliate our e/eem = ! p>ticul> ,codex f :i* he happ5s to quote8 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! read] has be5 already %ewn by a m op5 appeal to antiquity ?an has ev] be=e be5 attempt$1 t ! read+ ( ,/4 ,matt4 xix4 #af1 #ag :i* is exclusively f\nd 9 ,b,,dl & ! copy f :i* ,orig5 quotes1 is defici5t 9 ext]nal atte/ation4 ,n[1 :5 x is consid]$ t ,b confess$ly repres5t "o & ! same ar*etype1 :i* may v well h be5 ( ! date ( ,orig5 himself1--h[ is x possible to resi/ ! conviction t ^! ?ree are n indep5d5t voices1 b e*oes ( "o & ! same voice8 ,&1 ,:at if c]ta9 ,codexes pres]v$ 9 ! libr>y ( ,caes>ea 9 ,pale/9e7#eig72--;,codexes :i* 7 h&l$ 9 turn by ,orig51 by ,eusebius1 by ,j]ome1 & :i* also furni%$ ! ar*etype f :i* ,b & 7 d]iv$2--:at1 ,i say1 if x %all "s day come to be g5]ally admitt$1 t ^? ,caes>ean ,codexes are mo/ probably ! true fons et origo ( mu* ( our pa/ p]plexity & ( our pres5t tr\ble8 ,s9ce 8co9cid5ce ( read+ infallibly implies id5tity ( ance/ry7#eih710 are we n ev5 l$ by ! h& to see t !re mu/ h exi/$ 9 ! fam\s libr>y ( ,caes>ea a little ne/ ( copies cr$it$1 & ju/ly s1 ) conta9+ e 8la/ new ?+0 9 ! way ( ,textual ,criticism1 to :i* ,critics ( ! type ( ,orig5 & ,j]ome1 & p]haps ,eusebius1 mu/ h be5 only too fond ( resort+8 ,a few su* critically correct$ copies w\ld furni% a complete explanation ( e peculi>ity ( read+ exhibit$ exclusively by ,codexes ,b & 1 & fondl$1 p]haps ) "s critical cynicism1 by ^? ?ree ,fa!rs4 ,yet x is to be rememb]$1 7) ref]5ce to ! place be=e u17 t 8,orig51 ,eusebius1 & ,j]ome0 are n 9 accord "h1 except 9 read+ 8--= ,eusebius diff]s f ,orig5 & ,j]ome 9 proce$+ ) ! traditional text 3 :ile ,j]ome & ev5 ,orig5 concur ) ! traditional text 9 recogniz+ ! epi!t 1--a circum/ance :i*1 z already expla9$1 may be reg>d$ z fatal to ! =mula 444 :i* foll[s4 ,?is h[ev] by ! way4 ,t s ill-support$ a fraud %\ld h impos$ ^u ,griesba*1 ,la*mann1 ,tis*5dorf1 ,tregelles1 ,al=d1 ,we/cott & ,hort1 & ! ,revis]s ( #ahha1 includ+ ,scriv5]1--is to me un9telligible4 ,! sub/itut$ read+ is an impossible "o to beg9 )1 be+ inconsi/5t ) its context4 ,& al?\gh ,i hold ! introduction ( intr9sic probability into ^! inquiries to be unlawful1 until ! tru? has be5 e/abli%$ on gr\nds ( ext]nal evid5ce2 yet1 :5 t has be5 accompli%$1 n only d int]nal consid]ations claim a he>+1 b _! effect is (t51 z 9 ! pres5t case1 entirely to sweep ! field4 ,x is impossible1 s at lea/ x seems to me1 to survey ! n>rative by ! light ( int]nal probability1 )\t be+ ov]come by ! incoh]5ce & ess5tial fooli%ness ( ! read+ be=e u4 ,?is is a po9t :i* des]ves att5tion4 #a4 ,t our ,,"l actually did remon/rate ) ! "y rul] = call+ ,him 8good10 is at lea/ c]ta94 ,bo? ,/4 ,m>k 7x4 #ag1 #ah7 & ,/4 ,luke 7xviii4 #ah1 #ai7 record t fact1 & ! text ( nei!r is disput$4 ,h[ grossly improbable !n is ! /atem5t t ,he also reprov$ ! "y man = invit+ ,him to a philosophical discussion conc]n+ 1--:i* yet ! "y man cle>ly _h n done4 ,accord+ to two out ( ! ?ree ,evangeli/s1 if n to ! ?ird also1 8 "q _h n be5 ab\t ! ab/ract quality2 b conc]n+ ! concrete ?+1 z a means to an end3--8,:at good "w mu/ ,i d 9 ord] t ,i may inh]it et]nal life80--a purely practical "q4 ,moreov]1 ! pret5d$ inquiry is n t\*$ by ! propos$ rejo9d]1--8,"o !re is :o is good10--or 8,!re is none good b "o1 t is ,,god40 ,does n ! v word+ ( t rejo9d] %ew t x mu/ ne$s h be5 prec$$ by ! inquiry1 8,:y calle/ ?\ ,me good80 ,! "y man is told besides t if he desires to 8inh]it et]nal life0 he mu/ keep ,god's comm&m5ts4 ,! "q & ! answ] 9 ! g5u9e text are /rictly correlative4 ,9 ! fabricat$ text1 !y are at cross purposes & inconsi/5t ) "o ano!r 9 a high degree4 #b4 ,let x h[ev] be suppos$ = an in/ant t our ,,"l',s reply actually 01--8,:y aske/ ?\ ,me conc]n+ ab/ract goodness80 ,note :at results4 ,s9ce x _c be ?\ght t su* an int]rogation is sub/antially equival5t to 8,:y calle/ ?\ ,me good80 ! say+1--if utt]$ at all1--mu/ h be5 spok5 9 addition4 ,0 x !n spok5 to ! same man8--8,yes10 replies ! au?or ( ,cureton's ,syriac3 8! rejo9d] ran ?us1--#8,:y calle/ ?\ ,me good8' &1 #8,:y aske/ ?\ ,me respect+ ! good7#eii78' 0--8,n exactly10 rem>ks ! au?or ( ,evan4 #bea1 8,! second ( ^? two inquiries 0 int]pos$ aft] ! ^w #8,:i*8' 9 v]4 #ah40--8,n s10 cries ! au?or ( ! ,gospel to ! ,hebrews4 8,! m5 :o came to our ,"l 7 two 9 numb]7#fjj740 ,!re is reason = suspect+ t c]ta9 ( ! e>ly h]etics 7 ( ! same op9ion7#fja74 ,w n e c&id read] admit t ! m closely we look into ! p]plex$ tangle be=e u1 ! m intol]able x becomes1--! m conv9c$ we feel ( its ess5tial fooli%ness8 ,&--,is x too mu* to hope t aft] ?is delib]ate exposure ( ! insuffici5cy ( ! evid5ce on :i* x re/s1 no fur!r ef=ts w be made to bol/] up a read+ s cle>ly indef5sible8 ,no?+ m1 ,i suppose1 ne$ be add$4 ,i h be5 s diffuse conc]n+ ! pres5t place ( ,scripture because ,i ard5tly desire to see c]ta9 ( ! vexatae quae/iones 9 ,textual ,criticism fairly ?re%$ out & settl$4 ,& ?is is a place :i* has be5 fam\s f ! e>lie/ times1--a z ,mac>ius ,magnes 7p4 #ab7 calls x1 9 8 reply to ! hea!n philosoph] :o _h propos$ x z a subject = discussion4 ,x is 79 ! op9ion ( mod]n critics7 8q a te/ passage7#fjb740 ,tis*5dorf made ?is ! subject ( a sep>ate diss]tation 9 #ahdj7fjc74 ,tregelles1 :o discusses x at great l5g?7#fjd71 in=ms u t he ev5 8relies on ?is "o passage z supply+ an argum5t on ! :ole "q0 :i* und]lies 8 critical ,rec5sion ( ! ,greek ,text4 ,x has caus$ all ! ,critics--,griesba*1 ,la*mann1 ,tis*5dorf1 ,tregelles1 ,al=d1 ,w4-,hort1 ! ,revis]s1 ev5 ,scriv5]7#fje71 to g a/ray4 ,critics w sp5d _! /r5g? 9 va9 if !y seek any fur!r to e/abli% on a rational basis alt]ations made on ! /r5g? ( te/imony :i* is bo? re/rict$ & is at v>iance ) itself4 ,let x be not$ t our p]si/5t appeal conc]n+ ,/4 ,matt4 xix4 #ag1 #ah has be5 made to ,antiquity4 ,we reject ! propos$ innovation z und\bt$ly spuri\s1 because ( ! importance & ov]:elm+ numb] ( ! witnesses ( ! second1 ?ird1 & f\r? c5turies :i* come =w>d to condemn x2 z well z because ( ! pla9 insuffici5cy & want ( v>iety 9 ! evid5ce :i* is adduc$ 9 its support4 ,:5ev] a propos$ correction ( ! ,sacr$ ,text is insuffici5tly atte/$1 & especially :5 t atte/ation is de/itute ( ,v>iety1--we claim t ! traditional read+ %all /&4 ,,app5dix ,,iv4 ,,/4 ,,m>k ,i4 #a4 ,/4 ,m>k's ,gospel op5s z foll[s3--8,! beg9n+ ( ! ,gospel ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 ,,! ,,son ,,( ,,god40 ,! significancy ( ! ann\ncem5t is app>5t :5 ! op5+ ( ,/4 ,mat!w's ,gospel is consid]$1--8,! book ( ! g5]ation ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 ! ,son ( ,david40 ,surely if !re be a clause 9 ! ,gospel :i* c>ries on its front ! evid5ce ( its g5u95ess1 x is ?is7#fjf74 ,b 9 fact ! words are f\nd 9 e kn[n copy b ?ree 71 #bh1 #bee72 9 all ! ,v]sions2 9 _m ,fa!rs4 ,! evid5ce 9 its fav\r is !re=e ov]:elm+4 ,yet x has ( late become ! fa%ion to call 9 "q ! clause-- 4 ,we/cott & ,hort %ut up ! words 9 brackets4 ,tis*5dorf ejects !m f ! text4 ,! ,revis]s br& !m ) suspicion4 ,high "t is x to asc]ta9 h[ mu* ( d\bt really atta*es to ! clause :i* has be5 ?us assail$4 ,tis*5dorf relies on ! te/imony ( t5 anci5t ,fa!rs1 :om he quotes 9 ! foll[+ ord]1--,ir5aeus1 ,epiphanius1 ,orig51 ,basil1 ,titus1 ,s]apion1 ,cyril ( ,j]usalem1 ,sev]ianus1 ,victor9us1 ,j]ome4 ,b ! le>n$ critic has to be rem9d$ 7#a7 t pro hac vice1 ,orig51 ,s]apion1 ,titus1 ,basil1 ,victor9us & ,cyril ( ,j]usalem are n six fa!rs1 b only "o4 ,next 7#b71 t ,epiphanius deliv]s no te/imony :atev] on ! po9t 9 dispute4 ,next 7#c71 t ,j]ome7#fjg7 is r to be reckon$ ) ! uphold]s1 ?an ! impugn]s1 ( ! disput$ clause3 :ile 7#d7 ,ir5aeus & ,sev]ianus be> emphatic witness 9 its fav\r4 ,all ?is q *anges ! aspect ( ! ,patri/ic te/imony4 ,! scanty residuum ( ho/ile evid5ce proves to be ,orig5 & ?ree ,codexes1--( :i* two are cursives4 ,i proce$ to %ew t ! facts are z ,i h /at$ !m4 ,z we might expect1 ! true au?or ( all ! mis*ief 0 ,orig54 ,at ! outset ( 8 comm5t>y on ,/4 ,john1 he writes ) ref]5ce to ,/4 ,m>k i4 #a1--8;,ei!r ! entire ,old ,te/am5t 7repres5t$ by ,john ,bapti/7 is "h spok5 ( z #8! beg9n+' ( ! ,new2 or else1 only ! end ( x 7:i* ,john quotes7 is s spok5 (1 on acc\nt ( ?is l9k+ on ( ! ,new ,te/am5t to ! ,old4 ,= ,m>k says1--#8,! beg9n+ ( ! ,gospel ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 z x is writt5 9 ,isaiah ! prophet1 ,behold1 ,i s5d my mess5g]1 c4 ,! voice ( "o1 c4' ,i c b wond] !re=e at ^? h]etics10--he means ! foll[]s ( ,basilides1 ,val5t9us1 ,c]don1 ,m>cion1 & ! re/ ( ! ,gno/ic crew1--8:o attribute ! two ,te/am5ts to two diff]5t ,gods2 see+ t ?is v place suffici5tly refutes !m4 ,= h[ c ,john be #8! beg9n+ ( ! ,gospel1' if1 z !y pret5d1 he belongs to ano!r ,god1 & does n recognize ! div9ity ( ! ,new ,te/am5t80 ,pres5tly1--8,9 illu/ration ( ! =m] way ( tak+ ! passage1 viz4 t ,john /&s = ! entire ,old ,te/am5t1 ,i w quote :at is f\nd 9 ! ,acts viii4 #ce #8,beg9n+ at ! same ,scripture ( ,isaiah1 ,he 0 br\ght z a lamb1 c41 ,philip prea*$ to ! eunu* ! ,"l ,jesus4' ,h[ c\ld ,philip1 beg9n+ at ! prophet1 prea* unto him ,jesus1 unless ,isaiah be "s "p ( #8! beg9n+ ( ! ,gospel7#fjh78' 0 ,f ! day t ,orig5 wrote ^? memorable words ,a4,d4 #bcj1 an appeal to ,/4 ,m>k i4 #a-c became "o ( ! commonplaces ( ,!ological controv]sy4 ,/4 ,m>k's ass]tion t ! voices ( ! anci5t ,prophets1 7 8! beg9n+ ( ! ,gospel0--( :om ,john ,bapti/ 0 assum$ to be ! symbol1--0 habitually ca/ 9 ! tee? ( ! ,mani*aeans4 ,on su* occasions1 n only ,orig5's reason+1 b (t5 ,orig5's mutilat$ text 0 reproduc$4 ,! h]etics 9 "q1 ?\gh !y reject$ ! ,law1 pr(ess$ to hold fa/ ! ,gospel4 8,b0 7says ,s]apion7 8!y d n und]/& ! ,gospel2 = !y d n receive ! beg9n+ ( x3--#8,! beg9n+ ( ! ,gospel ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 z x is writt5 9 ,isaiah ! prophet7#fji74' 0 ,:at ! au?or ( ?is curt /atem5t meant1 is expla9$ by ,titus ( ,bo/ra1 :o exhibits ! quotation ^w = ^w z ,s]apion1 foll[+ ,orig51 _h exhibit$ x be=e him2 & add+ t ,/4 ,m>k 9 ?is way 8connects ! ,gospel ) ! ,law2 recogniz+ ! ,law z ! beg9n+ ( ! ,gospel7#faj740 ,h[ does ?is prove t ei!r ,s]apion or ,titus disall[$ ! words 8 ,! simple fact is t !y are bo? reproduc+ ,orig53 & besides avail+ !mselves ( 8 argum5t1 are cont5t to adopt ! me?od ( quotation ) :i* he en=ces x4 ,next1 = ! te/imony ( ,basil4 ,8 words are1--8,m>k makes ! prea*+ ( ,john ! beg9n+ ( ! ,gospel1 say+1 #8,! beg9n+ ( ! ,gospel ( ,jesus ,*ri/ 444 z x is writt5 9 ,isaiah ! prophet 444 ,! voice ( "o cry+ 9 ! wild]ness7#faa74' 0 ,?is c]ta9ly %ews t ,basil 0 tread+ 9 ,orig5's foot/eps2 b x no m proves t he disall[$ ! ?ree words 9 dispute 9 v]4 #a1 ?an t he disall[$ ! sixte5 words n 9 dispute 9 v]4 #b4--;f :i* x is und5iable t he omits !m int5tionally1 kn[+ !m to be !re4 ,z = ,victor9us 7,a4,d4 #bij71 8 mann] ( quot+ ! beg9n+ ( ,/4 ,m>k's ,gospel is id5tical ) ,basil's7#fab71 & sugge/s ! same obs]vation4 ,if pro( be ne$$ t :at prec$es is ! true acc\nt ( ! ph5om5on be=e u1 x is suppli$ by ,cyril ( ,j]usalem1 ) ref]5ce to ?is v passage4 ,he po9ts out t 8,john 0 ! end ( ! prophets1 = #8,all ! prophets & ! ,law 7 until ,john2' b ! beg9n+ ( ! ,gospel disp5sation1 = x says1 #8,! beg9n+ ( ! ,gospel ( ,jesus ,*ri/1' & s =?4 ,john 0 baptiz+ 9 ! wild]ness7#fac740 ,cyril has !re=e pass$ /raight f ! middle ( ! fir/ v]se ( ,/4 ,m>k i4 to ! beg9n+ ( v]4 #d3 n1 ( c\rse1 because he disall[$ ! eight & ?irty words :i* come 9 betwe52 b only because x 0 no "p ( 8 purpose to quote !m4 ,l ,s]apion & ,titus1 ,basil & ,cyril ( ,j]usalem are 9 fact reproduc+ ,orig53 b unlike ! =m] two1 ! two la/-nam$ quote ! ,gospel elliptically4 ,! lib]ty inde$ :i* ! anci5t ,fa!rs freely ex]cis$1 :5 quot+ ,scripture = a purpose1--( leav+ out :atev] 0 irrelevant2 ( reta9+ j s mu* ( ! text z made = _! argum5t1--may nev] be let slip out ( sight4 ,little did ^? anci5t m5 imag9e t at ! end ( "s #aejj ye>s a s*ool ( ,critics w\ld arise :o w\ld insi/ on reg>d+ e irregul>ity 9 su* casual appeals to ,scripture1 z a delib]ate ass]tion conc]n+ ! /ate ( ! text #aejj ye>s be=e4 ,sometimes1 happily1 !y make x pla9 by :at !y !mselves let fall1 t _! citations ( ,scripture may n be s dealt )4 ,?us1 ,sev]ianus1 bi%op ( ,gabala1 aft] appeal+ to ! fact t ,/4 ,m>k beg9s 8 ,gospel by /yl+ our ,savi\r 1 /raightway quotes v]4 #a )\t t record ( ,div9e ,son%ip1--a proce$+ :i* w only seem /range to ^? :o omit to read 8 context4 ,sev]ianus is call+ att5tion to ! consid]ate res]ve ( ! ,evangeli/s 9 decl>+ ! et]nal ,g5]ation ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 8,m>k does inde$ say #8,son ( ,god'2 b /raightway1 9 ord] to soo! 8 he>]s1 he *ecks himself & cuts %ort t tra9 ( ?\ght2 br++ 9 at once ab\t ,john ! ,bapti/3 say+1--#8,! beg9n+ ( ! ,gospel ( ,jesus ,*ri/ 444 z x is writt5 9 ,isaiah ! prophet1 ,behold1' c4 ,no soon] has ! ,evangeli/ display$ ! tor* ( ,tru?1 ?an he conceals x7#fad740 ,h[ c\ld ,sev]ianus h made 8 te/imony m emphatic8 ,& n[ ! read] is 9 a position to und]/& :at ,epiphanius has deliv]$4 ,he is %ew+ t :]eas ,/4 ,mat!w beg9s 8 ,gospel ) ! hi/ory ( ! ,nativity1 8! holy ,m>k makes :at happ5$ at ,jordan ! introduction ( ! ,gospel3 say+1--,! beg9n+ ( ! ,gospel 444 z x is writt5 9 ,isaiah ! prophet 444 ,! voice ( "o cry+ 9 ! wild]ness7#fae740 ,?is does n ( c\rse prove t ,epiphanius read v]4 #a diff]5tly f ourselves4 ,he is b leav+ out ! "o & tw5ty words 7#e 9 v]4 #a3 #af 9 v]4 #b7 :i* are immat]ial to 8 purpose4 ,our ,"l's glori\s designation 78,jesus ,*ri/1 ! ,son ( ,god107 & ! quotation f ,mala*i :i* prec$es ! quotation f ,isaiah1 /& 9 ?is writ]'s way3 8 "o object be+ to rea* 8! voice ( "o cry+ 9 ! wild]ness40 ,epiphanius 9 fact is sil5t on ! po9t 9 dispute4 ,b ! mo/ illu/ri\s "n is beh9d4 ,ir5aeus 7,a4,d4 #agj7 unque/ionably read 9 ?is place4 ,he devotes a *apt] ( 8 great "w to ! pro( t ,jesus is ! ,*ri/1--v ,god z well z v ,man2 & e/abli%es ! doctr9e aga9/ ! ,gno/ics1 by cit+ ! ,evangeli/s 9 turn4 ,/4 ,m>k's te/imony he introduces by an apt appeal to ,rom4 i4 #a-d1 ix4 #e1 & ,gal4 iv4 #d1 #e3 add+1--8,! ,son ( ,god 0 made ! ,son ( ,man1 9 ord] t by ,him we might obta9 ! adoption3 ,man c>ry+1 & receiv+1 & enfold+ ! ,son ( ,god4 ,h5ce1 ,m>k says1--#8,! beg9n+ ( ! ,gospel ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 ! ,son ( ,god1 z x is writt5 9 ! prophets7#faf74' 0 ,ir5aeus _h already1 9 an e>li] *apt]1 prov$ by an appeal to ! second & ?ird ,gospels t ,jesus ,*ri/ is ,god4 8,quapropt] et ,m>cus10 7he says7 8int]pres et sectator ,petri1 initium ,evangelicae conscriptionis fecit sic3 #8,initium ,evangelii ,jesu ,*ri/i ,filii ,dei1 quemadmodum scriptum e/ 9 ,prophetis1' c47#fag70 ,?is at all ev5ts is decisive4 ,! ,lat9 ( ei!r place alone survives3 yet n a %ad[ ( d\bt c be pret5d$ z to h[ ! man :o wrote ^! two passages read ! fir/ v]se ( ,/4 ,m>k's ,gospel7#fah74 ,ev5 m int]e/+ is ! te/imony ( ,victor ( ,antio*2 = ?\gh he reproduces ,orig5's criticism1 he makes x pla9 t he w h no?+ to say to ,orig5's text7#fai74 ,he p>aphrases1 speak+ 9 ! p]son ( ! ,evangeli/1 ! two op5+ v]ses ( ,/4 ,m>k's ,gospel1 z foll[s6--8,i %all make #8! beg9n+ ( ! ,gospel' f ,john3 ( ! ,gospel1 ,i say #8( ! ,son ( ,god3' = s #8x is writt5 9 ! prophets1' viz4 t ,he is ! ,son ( ,god4444 ,or1 y may connect #8z x is writt5 9 ! prophets' ) #8,behold1 ,i s5d my mess5g]'3 9 :i* case1 ,i %all make #8! beg9n+ ( ! ,gospel ( ! ,son ( ,god' t :i* 0 spok5 by ! prophets conc]n+ ,john40 ,& aga91--8,m>k says t ,john1 ! la/ ( ! prophets1 is #8! beg9n+ ( ! ,gospel'3 add+1 #8z x is writt5 9 ! prophets1 ,behold1' c41 c47#fbj70 ,x is !re=e cle> h[ ,victor at lea/ read ! place4 ,x is "t to close ?is discussion4 ,t ! ,codexes :i* ,orig5 habitually employ$ 7 ( ! same type z ,cod4 1--& t f !m ! words 7 abs5t1--is und5iable4 ,b t is ! sum ( ! evid5ce = _! omission4 ,i h %ewn t ,s]apion & ,titus1 ,basil & ,victor9us & ,cyril ( ,j]usalem1 d b reproduce ! tea*+ ( ,orig53 t ,epiphanius deliv]s no te/imony ei!r way3 :ile ,ir5aeus & ,sev]ianus be> emphatic witness to ! g5u95ess ( ! clause 9 dispute4 ,to ^! mu/ be add$ ,porphyry 7,a4,d4 #bgj77fba71 ,cyril ( ,alex&ria7#fbb71 ,victor ( ,antio*1 ps4-,a?anasius7#fbc71 & ,photius7#fbd71--) ,ambrose 7#fbe71 & ,augu/9e7#fbf7 among ! ,lat9s4 ,! clause is f\nd besides 9 all ! ,v]sions1 & 9 e kn[n copy ( ! ,gospels b ?ree2 two ( :i* are cursives4 ,on :at pr9ciple ,tis*5dorf w\ld uphold ! au?ority ( & ,orig5 aga9/ su* a mass ( evid5ce1 has nev] be5 expla9$4 ,9 ! meantime1 ! disappe>ance ( ! clause 7 7 f c]ta9 ( ! e>lie/ copies ( ,/4 ,m>k's ,gospel is only too easily acc\nt$ =4 ,s obnoxi\s to c]ta9 precursors ( ! ,gno/ic sect 0 ! fundam5tal doctr9e :i* x embodies1 t ,/4 ,john 7xx4 #ca7 decl>es x to h be5 ! v purpose ( 8 ,gospel to e/abli% 8t ,jesus is ! ,*ri/1 ! ,son ( ,god40 ,:at is m obvi\s ?an t ! words at "s v remote p]iod %\ld h be5 fraudul5tly remov$ f c]ta9 copies ( ! ,gospel8 ,,app5dix ,v4 ,,! ,,sceptical ,,"* ,,( ,b ,,& 4 ,! sceptical "* ( ! ,vatican & ,s9aitic ,,mss4 af=ds a /rong pro( ( ! alliance betwe5 !m & ! ,orig5i/ic s*ool4 ,in/ances f\nd 9 ^! ,codexes may be class$ ?us3-- ,note #a4 ,! foll[+ in/ances are pr(ess$ly tak5 f ! ,gospels4 ,only a few are add$ f else:]e4 ,note #b4 ,o!r ,uncials are also add$1 to indicate by specim5s h[ f> ^! two ,,mss4 receive c\nt5ance or n f o!r s\rces1 & also 9 "p h[ f> ! same influ5ce ent] !m4 ,i4 ,passages detract+ f ! ,scriptural ackn[l$gem5t ( ! ,div9ity ( our ,"l3-- omitt$--,/4 ,m>k i4 #a 79974 444 omitt$--,/4 ,john vi4 #fi 7,,bc99,,dl74 omitt$--,/4 ,m>k ix4 #bd 7,,abc99,,dl74 omitt$--,/4 ,luke xxiv4 #c 7,d74 *ang$ into --,acts xx4 #bh 7,,ac99,,des74 ,omission ( fai? 9 ,,*ri/4 --,/4 ,john vi4 #dg 7,,bl74 ,slur on efficacy ( pray] ?r\gh ,,*ri/3 ,ins]t --,/4 ,john xiv4 #ad 7,,behu74 ,transf] --,/4 ,john xxi4 #bc 7,,bc99,,lxv74 ,omission ( 9 ! cure--,/4 ,m>k vii4 #ce 7,b,d,l,wd7 ,cf4 ,/4 ,m>k ii4 #ab4 ,judgem5t-seat ( ,,god in/ead ( ,,*ri/--,rom4 xiv4 #aj 799,,abc99,d c474 omitt$--,/4 ,john iii4 #ac 7,,blb74 ,omission ( 9 p5it5t ?ief's pray]--,/4 ,luke xxiii4 #db 7,,bc99,,dlm9974 ! ,asc5sion 9 ,/4 ,luke1 --,/4 ,luke xxiv4 #ea 799,d74 ,ins]tion ( f ,/4 ,m>k xiii4 #cb 9 ,/4 ,matt4 xxiv4 #cf4 ,cf4 ,basil to ,amphilo*ius1 iii4 #cfj-b 7,revision ,revis$1 p4 #baj1 note74 ,omission ( 9 ref]5ce to ! creation ( man--,/4 ,m>k x4 #f 7,,bci74 ,cf4 ,/4 ,matt4 xii4 #cj 7,,bd74 --,/4 ,john iii4 #ca 799,d74 --,/4 ,john viii4 #ce 7,x74 1 --,/4 ,john viii4 #ei 7,,bd74 = 4 4 4 --,/4 ,john ix4 #ce 7,,bd74 = --#b ,pet4 i4 #a 774 ,omission ( --,/4 ,john xvi4 #f 7,,bd74 --#a ,cor4 xv4 #dg 799,,bcd99,,efg74 = --#a ,tim4 iii4 #af 71 ,revision ,revis$1 pp4 #dca-dc74 = --,col4 ii4 #aj1 mak+ ! ,fulness ( ! ,,godhead ! head ( all pr9cipality & p[] 7,,bdefg74 ,,ii4 ,g5]ally sceptical t5d5cy3-- ,n4,b4--,omission is 9 itself sceptical4 in/ead ( --,matt4 iii4 #af 7,b74 ,cf4 ,acts xvi4 #g1 = --,,abc#b;,,de#b7fbg74 = 1 slurr+ ! ,div9e ,bir?--,matt4 i4 #ah 7,,bcpsz74 ,omission ( ! title ( 8good0 appli$ to our ,,"l--,matt4 xix4 #af1 #ag 7,,bdl74 ! necessity ( our ,,"l to suff]4 --,/4 ,luke xxiv4 #df 7,,bc99,,dl74 la/ ,twelve ,v]ses ( ,/4 ,m>k 7,b74 ,omission ( passages relat+ to ,ev]la/+ ,puni%m5t 7closely ,orig5i/ic73 = 4 --,/4 ,m>k iii4 #bi 7,,bl74 7,d7--ibid4 1 --,/4 ,m>k ix4 #dd1 #df 7,,bcl74 ! dang] ( reject+ our ,"l--,/4 ,matt4 xxi4 #dd 7,d74 --,/4 ,m>k ix4 #di 7,,bl74 ! condemnation ( ,ph>isaic treatm5t ( wid[s--,/4 ,matt4 xxiii4 #ad 7,,bdlz74 --,/4 ,matt4 xx4 #bb1 #bc 7,,bdlz74 --,/4 ,matt4 i4 #be 7,,bz74 ! v]se ab\t pray] & fa/+--,/4 ,matt4 xvii4 #ba 799,b74 ! words giv+ au?ority to ! ,apo/les to heal diseases--,/4 ,m>k iii4 #ae 7,,bc9974 ! =giv5ess ( s9s to ^? :o turn--,/4 ,m>k iv4 #ab 7,,bcl74 condemnation ( cities & m5tion ( ! ,day ( ,judgem5t--,/4 ,m>k vi4 #aa 7,,bcdl74 fa/+--,/4 ,m>k ix4 #bi 799,b74 tak+ up ! ,cross--,/4 ,m>k x4 #ba 7,,bcd74 ! dang] ( ri*es--,/4 ,m>k x4 #bd 7,b74 ! dang] ( n =giv+ o!rs--,/4 ,m>k xi4 #bf 7,,bls74 --,/4 ,luke i4 #bh 7,,bl74 --,/4 ,luke iv4 #d 7,,bl74 --,/4 ,luke iv4 #e 7,,bl74 1 --,/4 ,luke iv4 #h 7,,bdl74 ref]5ce to ,elijah's puni%m5t1 & ! mann] ( _s--,/4 ,luke ix4 #ee1 #ef4 ! sav+ effect ( fai?--,/4 ,luke xvii4 #ai 7,b74 ! day ( ! ,son ( ,man--,/4 ,luke xvii4 #bd 7,,bd74 ! desc5t ( ! ,angel into ,be!sda--,/4 ,john v4 #c1 #d 7,,bc99,d74 --,/4 ,john vi4 #ea 7,,bcl74 ,,iii4 ,ev9c+ a 8philosophical0 obtus5ess to t5d] passages3-- ,omissions 9 ! records ( ! ,in/itution ( ! ,holy ,sacram5t3 ?us-- 444 444 --,/4 ,m>k xiv4 #bb-bd 7,,bcd74 --,/4 ,matt4 xxvi4 #bg 7,b74 1 444 --#a ,cor4 xi4 #b-d 7,,abc9974 ,omission ( ,agony 9 ! ,g>d5 & /r5g!n+ ,angel--,/4 ,luke xxii4 #dc1 #dd 7,,abrt1 fir/ corrector74 ,fir/ ,^w f ! ,cross--,/4 ,luke xxiii4 #cd 7a,b,d9974 ,mutilation ( ! ,,"l',s ,pray]--,/4 ,luke xi4 #b-d3 i4e4 ,omission ( 7,,bl74 1 1 7,,bl74 799,,bl74 ,omission ( --,matt4 v4 #bb 7,b74 ! v]se tell+ ( our ,,"l',s com+ to save :at 0 lo/--,/4 ,matt4 xviii4 #aa 7,,bl9974 --,/4 ,matt4 v4 #dd 7,b74 ! prophecy ( be+ numb]$ ) ! transgressors--,/4 ,m>k xv4 #bh 7,a,b,cet #c;,,dx74 --,/4 ,matt4 vi4 #f 7,,bdz74 ref]5ce to ! la/ cry--,/4 ,m>k xv4 #ci 7,,bl74 /rik+ on ! face--,/4 ,luke xxii4 #fd 7,,blmt74 triple sup]scription 74 4 4 4 4 47--,/4 ,luke xxiii4 #ch 7,,bcl74 ,s 99 9 ,/4 ,john xix4 #bj-ba4 --,/4 ,luke xxiv4 #db 7,,abdl74 --,/4 ,john v4 #ae 7,,bcdl74 = --,rev4 i4 #e 7,,ac74 = --,matt4 vi4 #a 799et b,b,d74 ,,iv4 ,%ew+ attempts to classicize ,new ,te/am5t ,greek4 ,^! attempts h left _! traces1 conspicu\s especially = omissions1 all ov] ,b & 9 a multiplicity ( passages too num]\s to quote4 ,_! g5]al "* may be ga!r$ 9 a p]usal ( ,dr4 ,hort's ,introduction1 pp4 #bbc-bbg1 f :i* passage we may und]/& h[ ^! ,,mss4 may h comm5d$ !mselves at p]iods ( g5]al advancem5t 9 le>n+ to em95t s*ol>s l ,orig5 & ,dr4 ,hort4 ,b un=tunately a ,?ucydidean compactness1 cond5s$ & well-prun$ accord+ to ! fa/idi\s ta/e ( ! /udy1 is exactly t :i* does n 9 ! long run take ) p :o are v]s$ 9 ! habits ( ord9>y life1 or ) s*ol>s :o h be5 ex]cis$ 9 _m fields1 z 0 %ewn by ! fall+ into disuse ( ,orig5's critical manuscripts4 ,! e*oes ( ! f\r? c5tury h surely be5 he>d 9 ! n9ete5?4 ,,app5dix ,,vi4 ,,! ,,pe%itto ,,& ,,curetonian4 ,! ,rev4 ,c4 ,h4 ,,wall]1 ,d4,d41 ,pr9cipal ( ,/4 ,john's ,hall1 ,highbury4 ,a c>eful collation ( ! ,curetonian ,syriac ) ! ,pe%itto w\ld ,i ?9k leave no d\bt on ! m9d ( any "o t ! ,curetonian z exhibit$ by ,cureton himself is ! lat] v]sion4 ,b 9 ord] to give full effect to ! argum5t x w\ld be necess>y to %ew ! entire ,curetonian fragm5t side by side ) ! correspond+ portions ( ! ,pe%itto4 ,o!rwise x is sc>cely possible to realize 7#a7 h[ entirely ! "o v]sion is f\nd$ ^u ! o!r--7#b7 h[ manife/ly ! ,curetonian is an attempt to improve ^u ! o!r2 or 7#c7 h[ ! ,curetonian presupposes & dem&s an acqua9tance ) ! ,gospels 9 g5]al1 or ) views ( ,gospel hi/ory :i* belong to ! ,*ur* r ?an to ! sacr$ text4 ,ev5 9 ^? brief passages exhibit$ by ,dr4 ,scriv5] f bo? editions ?is c be made out4 ,& x is capable ( /ill fur!r illu/ration f almo/ e page ( ,dr4 ,cureton's book4 ,to take ! fragm5ts exhibit$ by ,dr4 ,scriv5] fir/4 7a7 ,9 ,/4 ,matt4 xii4 #a-d1 :]e ! ,pe%itto simply translates ! ,textus ,receptus 7n alt]$ by our ,revis]s71 say+ t ! disciples 7 hungry 8& began to pluck e>s ( corn & to eat10 ! ,curetonian am5ds ?us3--8& ! disciples 7 hungry & began to pluck e>s ( corn1 & break !m 9 _! h&s1 & eat10 introduc+ 7z x frequ5tly does1 e4g4 ,/4 ,matt4 iv4 #aa1 8= a season02 ,/4 ,matt4 iv4 #ba1 8lay+ 8 h&02 ,/4 ,matt4 v4 #ab1 8y\r fa!rs02 ,/4 ,matt4 v4 #dg1 8:at ?ank h ye807 words borr[$ f ,/4 ,luke vi4 #a4 ,b 9 ! next v]se ( ! passage1 :]e ! words 8on ! ,sabba?10 are absolutely requir$ 9 ord] to make ! ,ph>isees' "q intelligible to ! fir/ read]s ( ,/4 ,mat!w1 8,behold1 ?y disciples d :at is n lawful to d on ! ,sabba?0 7,textus ,receptus & ,pe%itto2 n alt]$ by our ,revis]s71 ! ,curetonian mu/ ne$s draw on ! common k ( educat$ read]s by exhibit+ ! "q ?us1 8,:y are ?y disciples do+ :at is n lawful to d80 an abbreviat$ read+ :i* leaves u ignorant :at ! action object$ to might be2 :e!r to pluck e>s 9 ano!r man's field1 or to rub ! gra9 f !m on ! ,sabba? day8 ,on :at possible gr\nd c su* em5dations z ?is h ! pref]5ce ( antiquity 9 _! fav\r8 ,aga91 ! %ewbread 9 v]4 #d ( ?is passage is1 n z we h x 9 ! ,pe%itto1 8! bread ( ! table ( ! ,"l10 ,syriac lett]s1 a simple phrase :i* ev]yone c und]/&1 b ! ,old ,te/am5t expression1 8face-bread10 ,syriac lett]s1 :i* exhibits ! translator's k ( ! e>li] ,scriptures1 z d 8 em5dations ( ! li/ ( names 9 ! fir/ *apt] ( ,/4 ,mat!w1 &1 if ,i mi/ake n1 8 quotations also4 7b7 ,or1 to turn to ,/4 ,m>k xvi4 #ag-bj 7! o!r passage exhibit$ by ,dr4 ,scriv5]74 ,bo? ! ,pe%itto & ,curetonian %ew _! agreem5t1 by ! po9ts 9 :i* !y diff] f our receiv$ text4 8,! ,"l ,jesus !n1 aft] ,he _h comm&$ ,8 disciples1 0 exalt$ to heav5 & sat on ! "r h& ( ,,god0--is ! ,curetonian phrase4 ,! simpl] ,pe%itto runs ?us4 8,jesus ! ,"l !n1 aft] ,he _h spok5 ) !m1 asc5d$ to heav51 & sat on ! "r h& ( ,,god40 ,bo? alike introduce ! ^w 8,jesus0 z d our ,revis]s3 b ! two slight t\*es ( improvem5t 9 ! ,curetonian are evid5t1 & belong to t aspect ( ! matt] :i* f9ds expression 9 ! ,cre$1 & 9 ! ob$i5ce ( ! ,*ur*4 ,:o c d\bt :i* phrase is ! lat] ( ! two8 ,a simil> slight t\* appe>s 9 ! ,curetonian addition to v]4 #ag ( 8!m t believe on ,me0 in/ead ( simply 8!m t believe40 ,! foll[+ po9ts ,i h myself obs]v$ 9 ! collation ( a few *apt]s ( ,/4 ,mat!w f ! two v]sions4 ,_! m9ut5ess itself te/ifies to ! improv$ "* ( ! ,curetonian4 ,9 ,/4 ,matt4 v4 #cb we h be5 accu/om$ to read1 ) our ,text ,receiv$ & ,revis$ & ) all o!r au?orities1 8,:osoev] %all put away 8 wife1 except = ! cause ( =nication40 ,s reads ! ,pe%itto4 ,b :5ce comes x t ! ,curetonian ,syriac sub/itutes "h adult]y = =nication1 & !reby sanctions1--n ! precept deliv]$ by our ,"l1 b ! int]pretation almo/ univ]sally plac$ ^u x8 ,h[ is x possible to cont5d t "h ! ,curetonian ,syriac has alone pres]v$ ! true read+8 ,yet ei!r ?is mu/ be ! case1 or else we h a delib]ate alt]ation ( a mo/ di/9ct & precise k9d1 tell+ u1 n :at our ,"l said1 b :at ,he is commonly suppos$ to h meant4 ,n less curi\s is ! addition 9 v]4 #da1 8,:osoev] %all compel !e to g a mile1 g ) him two o!rs40 ,our ,"l said 8g ) him twa910 z all ,greek ,,mss4 except ,d be> witness4 ,! ,curetonian & ,d & "s ,lat9 copies say practically 8g ) him ?ree40 ,is ?is aga9 an orig9al read+1 or an improvem5t8 ,x is no accid5tal *ange4 ,b by f> ! mo/ /rik+ 'improvem5ts' introduc$ by ! ,curetonian ,,ms4 are to my m9d1 ^? :i* atte/ ! p]petual virg9ity ( our ,"l's ,"m4 ,! alt]ations ( ?is k9d 9 ! fir/ *apt] =m a gr\p q unique4 ,beg9n+ ) v]4 #ah1 we read z foll[s3-- ,9 ! ,pe%itto & our ,greek ,9 ! ,curetonian4 ,text )\t any v>iation4 ,v]4 #af4 8,jacob begat ,joseph ! 8,jacob begat ,joseph to :om 0 husb& ( ,m>y ( :om 0 born esp\s$ ,m>y ! virg91 :i* ,jesus1 :o is call$ ,messiah40 b>e ,jesus ! ,messiah40 ,v]4 #ah4 8,n[ ! bir? ( ,jesus 8,! bir? ( ! ,messiah 0 ,*ri/ 0 on ?is wise 7,pe%itto1 ?us40 & ,textus ,receptus3 ,revis$ also1 b ) "s unc]ta9ty740 ,v]4 #ai4 8,joseph h] husb& ,v]4 #ai4 8,joseph1 because he 0 be+ a j man10 c4 a righte\s man10 c4 !re is no ,greek or ,lat9 au?ority ) ,cn4 "h4 ,v]4 #bj4 8,fe> n to take unto 444 8,m>y ?9e esp\s$0 7,cn4 !e ,m>y ?y wife40 seems to be alone "h74 ,v]4 #bd4 8,joseph 444 did z ! 444 8& took ,m>y0 7,cn4 seems ,angel ( ! ,"l _h bidd5 him1 alone 9 omitt+ 88 wife074 & took unto him 8 wife40 ,v]4 #be4 8,& knew h] n until 8,& purely dwelt ) h] until %e br\ght =? h] fir/born a %e b>e ! son0 7,cn4 "h is son40 n alone except 9 ins]t+ ! article74 ,! absolute omission f ! ,curetonian ,syriac ( all m5tion ( ,joseph z ,m>y's husb&1 or ( ,m>y z 8 wife is v rem>kable4 ,! la/ v]se ( ! *apt] has suff]$ 9 o!r au?orities by ! loss ( ! ^w 8fir/born10 probably ow+ to a feel+ ( objection to ! inf]5ce drawn f x by ! ,helvidians4 ,x seems to h be5 =gott5 7#a7 t ! fact ( our ,"l's be+ a 8fir/born0 9 ! ,levitical s5se is prov$ by ,/4 ,luke f ! pres5tation 9 ! temple 7see ,neh4 x4 #cf72 & 7#b7 t ,8 be+ call$ a 8fir/born0 9 no way implies t 8 "m _h o!r *ildr5 aft] him4 ,b putt+ ?is entirely aside1 ! feel+ 9 fav\r ( ,m>y's p]petual virg9ity on ! m9d ( ! translator ( ! ,curetonian ,syriac 0 s /rong z to draw him to f\r di/9ct & sep>ate omissions1 9 :i* he /&s unsupport$ by any au?ority1 ( ! ^w 8husb&0 9 two places1 & 9 two o!rs ( ! ^w 8wife40 ,i d n see h[ any "o c d5y t "h we h em5dations ( ! mo/ delib]ate & peculi> k9d4 ,nor is !re any family ( e>li] read+s :i* conta9s !m1 or to :i* !y c be ref]r$4 ,! fact t ! ,curetonian text has "s read+s 9 common ) ! s-call$ we/]n family ( text 7e4g4 ! transposition ( ! beatitudes 9 ,matt4 v4 #d1 #e7 is n suffici5t to ju/ify u 9 acc\nt+ = su* vag>ies z ?is4 ,x is inde$ a 8,we/]n0 sup]/ition :i* has exalt$ ! ,virg9 ,m>y into a sph]e beyond ! level ( all t rejoice 9 ,god h] ,savi\r4 ,b ! "q "h sugge/$ is :e!r ?is way ( reg>d+ ! matt] is truly anci5t2 & :e!r ! ,,ms4 ( an anci5t v]sion :i* exhibits su* s+ul> ph5om5a on its fir/ page is wor?y to be set above ! common v]sion :i* is palpably its basis4 ,9 ! fir/ s5t5ce ( ! ,preface ,dr4 ,cureton /ates t x 0 obta9$ f a ,syrian ,mona/]y d$icat$ to ,/4 ,m>y ,deip>a4 ,i _c b wond] :e!r x nev] occurr$ to him t ! cultus ( ! ,deip>a1 & ! ta/e :i* x indicates1 may p>tly expla9 :y a ,,ms4 ( a c]ta9 "* & bias 0 ultimately domicil$ !re4 ,see note at ! end ( ?is ,*apt]4 ,%all ,i be ?\ght v disrespectful if ,i say t ! /udy :i* ,i h be5 able to devote to ,dr4 ,cureton's book has impress$ me ) a pr(\nd di/ru/ ( 8 s*ol>%ip8 8,%e %all b>e = !e a son10 says he on ! fir/ page ( 8 translation2--:i* is n m]ely bald & lit]al1 b absolutely un-,engli% 9 _m places4 ,9 ,matt4 vi4 9 ! fir/ v]se we h alms & 9 ! ?ird & f\r? righte\sness4 ,an explanation4 ,9 v]4 #ac ! ,cn4 has ! doxology1 b ) p[] omitt$1 ! ,pe%itto n4 ,9 v]4 #ag4 ,cn4 wa% ?y face & ano9t ?y head in/ead ( our text4 ,9 v]4 #ai4 ,cn4 leaves out 8ru/0 & puts 9 8:]e falle? ! mo?40 ,9 x4 #db4 ,! disciple%ip in/ead ( disciple4 ,9 xi4 #b4 ,( ,jesus in/ead ( ,*ri/4 ,9 xiii4 #f4 ,p>able ( ,s[]1 a ,t>gum-l alt]ation4 v]4 #ac a mo/ important ,t>gum4 v]4 #cc a wise woman took & hid 9 meal4 xiv4 #ac leaves out 8by %ip10 & says 8on foot10 :]e ! ,pe%itto has 8on dry l&10 an odd *ange1 ( an opposite k9d to "s t ,i h m5tion$4 ,9 ,/4 ,john iii4 #f1 ,cn4 has3 8,t :i* is born ( ! fle% is fle%1 because ( fle% x is born2 & t :i* is born ( ! ,_s is _s1 because ,god is a _s1 & ( ,god x is born40 ,& 9 v]4 #h3 8,s is e "o t is born ( wat] & ( ! ,_s40 ,?is is a ,t>gum-l expansion3 possibly anti-,arian4 ,see ,tis*5dorf's ,gr4 ,te/4 9 loco4 ,all ! above *anges look l delib]ate em5dations ( ! text4 ,x is curi\s t ! ,lewis ,codex & ! ,curetonian bo? break (f f ! ,traditional acc\nt ( ! ,virg9-bir?1 b 9 opposite directions4 ,! ,lewis ,codex makes ,joseph our ,"l's actual ,fa!r3 ! ,curetonian treats ! "q z describ$ above4 ,t !re 7 two /reams ( tea*+ on ?is subject1 :i* specially *>act]iz$ ! fif? c5tury1 is well kn[n3 ! "o exagg]at+ ! ,ne/orian division ( ! two ,natures1 ! o!r t5d+ 9 a ,euty*ian direction4 ,t two fif?-c5tury ,,mss4 %\ld illu/rate ^! deviations is b natural2 & _! survival n a little rem>kable4 ,,app5dix ,,vii4 ,,! ,,la/ ,,twelve ,,v]ses ,,( ,,/4 ,,m>k',s ,,gospel4 ,x w\ld be a manife/ defect1 if a book ^u ,textual ,criticism pass+ "u ! "n ( ,dean ,burgon 7 to g =? )\t "s ref]5ce to ! pres5t /ate ( ! controv]sy on ! subject1 :i* fir/ made him fam\s z a ,textual critic4 ,8 argum5t has be5 /r5g!n$ s9ce he wrote 9 ! foll[+ ways3-- #a4 ,x w be rememb]$ t ! omission ( ! v]ses has be5 re/$ ma9ly ^u _! be+ left out by ,b & 1 ( :i* circum/ance ! error is mutely confess$ 9 ,b by ! occurr5ce ( a blank space1 amply suffici5t to conta9 ! v]ses1 ! column 9 "q be+ ! only vacant "o 9 ! :ole manuscript4 ,x has be5 g5]ally tak5 = grant$1 t !re is no?+ 9 to d5ote any consci\sness on ! "p ( ! scribe t some?+ 0 omitt$4 ,b a clos] exam9ation ( ! facts w %ew t ! contr>y is ! tru?4 ,=-- i4 ,! page ( on :i* ,/4 ,m>k ends is ! recto ( leaf #bi1 be+ ! second ( a pair ( leaves 7#bh & #bi71 =m+ a s+le %eet 7conta9+ ,/4 ,m>k xiv4 #ed-xvi4 #h1 ,/4 ,luke i4 #a-ef71 :i* ,tis*5dorf has %ewn to h be5 writt5 n by ! scribe ( ! body ( ! ,new ,te/am5t 9 ?is ,,ms41 b by "o ( 8 colleagues :o wrote "p ( ! ,old ,te/am5t & act$ z dior?ota or corrector ( ! ,new ,te/am5t--& :o is fur!r id5tifi$ by ! same great au?ority z ! scribe ( ,b4 ,?is p]son appe>s to h cancell$ ! %eet orig9ally writt5 by ! scribe ( 1 & to h sub/itut$ = x ! %eet z we n[ h x1 writt5 by himself4 ,a correction s ext5sive & labori\s c only h be5 made = ! purpose ( introduc+ "s important textual *ange1 too l>ge to be effect$ by deletion1 int]l9eation1 or m>g9al note4 ,?us we are l$ n only to inf] t ! te/imony ( is "h n indep5d5t ( t ( ,b1 b to suspect t ?is %eet may h be5 ?us cancell$ & rewritt5 9 ord] to con=m its cont5ts to ^? ( ! correspond+ "p ( ,b4 ii4 ,?is suspicion becomes def9ite1 & almo/ rises to a c]ta9ty1 :5 we look fur!r into ! cont5ts ( ?is %eet4 ,its second page 7#bh vo7 exhibits f\r columns ( ,/4 ,m>k 7xv4 #af-xvi4 #a72 its ?ird page 7#bi ro71 ! two la/ columns ( ,/4 ,m>k 7xvi4 #b-h7 & ! fir/ two ( ,/4 ,luke 7i4 #a-ah74 ,b ! writ+ ( ^! six columns ( ,/4 ,m>k is s spread out t !y conta9 less matt] ?an !y ought2 :]eas ! columns ( ,/4 ,luke t foll[ conta9 ! normal am\nt4 ,x foll[s1 !re=e1 t ! *ange introduc$ by ! dior?ota mu/ h be5 an ext5sive excision f ,/4 ,m>k3--9 o!r words1 t ^! pages z orig9ally writt5 mu/ h conta9$ a portion ( ,/4 ,m>k ( consid]able l5g? :i* has be5 omitt$ f ! pages z !y n[ /&4 ,if ^! six columns ( ,/4 ,m>k 7 writt5 z closely z ! columns ( ,/4 ,luke :i* foll[1 !re w\ld be room 9 !m = ! omitt$ twelve v]ses4--,m p>ticul>ly1 ! fif? column 7! fir/ ( page #bi ro7 is s arrang$ z to conta9 only ab\t five-six?s ( ! normal quantity ( matt]1 & ! dior?ota is ?us enabl$ to c>ry ov] f\r l9es to beg9 a new column1 ! six?1 by :i* artifice he manages to conclude ,/4 ,m>k n ) a blank column su* z 9 ,b tells its own /ory1 b ) a column su* z 9 ?is ,,ms4 is usual at ! end ( a book1 exhibit+ ! clos+ words foll[$ by an 8arabesque0 patt]n execut$ ) ! p51 & ! subscription 7! re/ be+ left empty74 ,b1 by ! v pa9s he has ?us tak5 to con=m ?is f9al column to ! ord9>y usage ( ! ,,ms41 8 purpose ( omission is betray$ ev5 m conclusively1 ?\gh less obvi\sly1 ?an by ! blank column ( ,b7#fbh74 iii4 ,a fur!r obs]vation is to be not$1 :i* n only confirms ! above1 b s]ves to det]m9e ! place :]e ! excision 0 made to h be5 at ! v end ( ! ,gospel4 ,! la/ ( ! f\r l9es ( ! six? & la/ column ( ,/4 ,m>k 7! second column ( leaf #bi ro7 conta9s only ! five lett]s 7 71 & has ! re/ ( ! space 7m ?an half ! wid? ( ! column7 fill$ up ) a m9ute & elaborate ornam5t execut$ ) ! p5 9 ink & v]milion1 ! l ( :i* is n[h]e else f\nd 9 ! ,,ms41 or 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t "p ( ,b1 su* spaces be+ inv>iably left unfill$7#fbi74 ,& n only s1 b und]nea?1 ! usual 8arabesque0 above ! subscription1 m>k+ ! conclusion ( ! text1 has its horizontal arm ext5d$ all ! way across ! wid? ( ! column1--& n1 z always else:]e1 b halfway or less7#fcj74 ,x seems h>dly possible to reg>d ^! c>efully execut$ works ( ! p5 ( ! dior?ota o!rwise ?an z precautions to gu>d aga9/ ! possible re/oration1 by a subsequ5t revis]1 ( a portion ( text delib]ately omitt$ by him 7! dior?ota7 f ! end ( ! ,gospel4 ,!y are evid5ce !re=e t he knew ( a conclusion to ! ,gospel :i* he design$ly expung$1 & endeav\r$ to make x difficult = any "o else to re9s]t4 ,we h1 !re=e1 good reason to believe t ! disput$ ,twelve ,v]ses 7 n only 9 an exempl> kn[n to ! scribe ( ,b1 b also 9 ! exempl> us$ by ! scribe ( 2 & t _! omission 7or1 m prop]ly1 disappe>ance7 f ^! two ,,mss4 is due to "o & ! same p]son--! scribe1 namely1 :o wrote ,b & :o revis$ 1--or r1 p]haps1 to an editor by ^: directions he act$4 #b4 ,"s e>ly ,patri/ic evid5ce has be5 add$ to ! /ores :i* ! ,dean collect$ by ,dr4 ,taylor1 ,ma/] ( ,/4 ,john's ,college1 ,cambridge4 ,?is evid5ce may be f\nd 9 a book entitl$ 8,! ,witness ( ,h]mas0 to ! ,f\r ,gospels1 publi%$ 9 #ahib1 ( :i* #ab 9 ! ,second ,"p is devot$ to 8,! end+ ( ,/4 ,m>k's ,gospel10 & includes also quotations f ,ju/9 ,m>tyr1 & ! ,apology ( ,ari/ides4 ,a full] acc\nt is giv5 9 ! ,expositor ( ,july #ahic1 & conta9s ref]5ces to ! foll[+ passages3--,ir5aeus iii4 #aa4 #f 7quot+ xvi4 #ai72 ,ju/9 ,m>tyr1 ,trypho1 #ach2 ,apol4 i4 #fg2 ,trypho1 #he2 ,apol4 i4 #de2 ,b>nabas1 xv4 #i2 xvi4 #g2 ,qu>to-deciman ,controv]sy 7,polyc>p78 & ,clem5t ( ,rome1 i4 #db4 ,! passages f ,h]mas are1 #a4 7xvi4 #ab-ac7 ,sim4 ii4 #a1 ,vis4 i4 #a1 iii4 #a1 iv4 #a1 & v4 #d2 #b4 7xvi4 #ad7 ,sim4 ix4 #ada & #bj4 #d1 ,vis4 iii4 #h4 #c1 iii4 #g4 #f2 #c4 7xvi4 #ae-af7 ,vis4 iii1 ,sim4 ix4 #af1 #be2 #d4 7xvi4 #ag-ah7 ,vis4 iv1 ,m&4 i1 xii4 #b4 #b-c1 ,sim4 ix4 #a4 #i1 iii4 #g1 ix4 #bf1 ,m&4 xii4 #f4 #b2 #e4 7xvi4 #ai-bj7 ,vis4 iii4 #a4 ,"s ( ! ref]5ces are n app>5t at fir/ sight1 b ,dr4 ,taylor's discussions 9 bo? places %\ld be read c>efully4 #c4 ,9 my own li/ giv5 above1 p4 #aji1 ( ! writ]s :o di$ be=e ,a4,d4 #djj1 ,i h add$ f my two exam9ations ( ! ,ante-,*ryso/om ,fa!rs to ! li/ 9 ,! ,revision ,revis$1 p4 #dba1 ! ,clem5t9es1 f\r ref]5ces f ! ,apo/olic ,canons & ,con/itutions1 ,cyril ( ,j]usalem1 ,gregory ( ,nyssa1 ! ,apocryphal ,acts ( ! ,apo/les1 & two ref]5ces to ! f\r ( ,/4 ,ambrose m5tion$ 9 8,! ,la/ ,twelve ,v]ses10 p4 #bg4 ,to ^! ,dr4 ,wall] adds1 ,gospel ( ,pet]1 #g 7 71 & #ab 7 71 ref]r+ to ! 1 z reg>ds ! attitude ( ! ,twelve at ! "t1 9 xvi4 #aj4 #d4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! rec5tly discov]$ ,lewis ,codex1 z is well kn[n1 omits ! v]ses4 ,! "* ( t ,codex1 :i* has be5 expla9$ above 9 ! six? *apt] ( ?is "w1 makes any alliance ) x suspici\s1 & consequ5tly x is ( no real importance t its te/imony1 unlike t ( ,b & 1 is claim$ to be unsw]v+4 ,= t manuscript is disfigur$ by h]etical blemi%es ( ! grosse/ nature1 & ! oblit]ation ( x = ! purpose ( cov]+ ! vellum ) o!r writ+ 0 att5d$ ) circum/ances ( consid]able significance4 ,9 ! fir/ *apt] ( ,/4 ,mat!w1 ,joseph is treat$ z ! fa!r ( our ,"l 7v]s4 #af1 #ba1 #bd7 z f> z ,8 body 0 conc]n$1 = z to ,8 s\l ev5 accord+ to tea*+ ( ,gno/ic orig9 ,he 0 treat$ z ow+ ,8 nature to ! ,holy ,gho/ 7v]4 #bj74 ,accord+ly1 ! bless$ ,virg9 is call$ 9 ! second *apt] ( ,/4 ,luke ,joseph's 8wife10 be+ left ) no equival5t7#fca73 & at ,8 baptism1 ,he is describ$ z 8be+ z ,he 0 call$ ! son ( ,joseph0 7,/4 ,luke iii4 #bc74 ,accord+ to ! h]etical t5et t our ,"l 0 *os5 out ( o!r m5 to be made ! ,son ( ,god at ! baptism1 we read aft]w>ds1 8,?is is ,my ,son1 ,my *os50 7,/4 ,luke ix4 #ce71 8! *os5 ( ,god0 7,/4 ,john i4 #cd71 8,?\ art ,my ,son & ,my belov$0 7,/4 ,matt4 iii4 #ag71 8,?is is ,my ,son ,:o is belov$0 7,/4 ,m>k ix4 #g72 & we are told ( ! ,holy ,gho/ desc5d+ l a dove 7,/4 ,matt4 iii4 #af71 t ,x 8abode ^u ,him40 ,v>i\s small] expressions are also f\nd1 b p]haps ! mo/ rem>kable ( ^? :i* h be5 left ^u ! manuscript occurs 9 ,/4 ,matt4 xxvii4 #ej1 8,& ,jesus cri$ ) a l\d voice1 & ,8 ,_s w5t up40 ,aft] ?is1 c we be surpris$ because ! scribe took ! opportunity ( leav+ out ! ,la/ ,twelve ,v]ses ( ,/4 ,m>k :i* conta9 ! mo/ detail$ acc\nt ( ! ,asc5sion 9 ! ,gospels1 z well z ! ( ,/4 ,luke8 ,aga91 at ! "t :5 ! manuscript 0 put out ( use1 & z is probable 9 ! mona/]y ( ,/4 ,ca!r9e s e>ly z ! ye> #ggh ,a4,d4 7,introduction by ,mrs4 ,lewis1 p4 xv71 ! old volume 0 pull$ to pieces1 tw5ty-two leaves 7 ca/ away1 ! re/ us$ 9 no regul> ord]1 & on "o at lea/1 z we are told1 a knife 0 employ$ to eradicate ! writ+4 ,five ( ! miss+ leaves mu/ h be5 blank1 accord+ to ,mrs4 ,lewis3 b ! sev5te5 rema9+ leaves conta9$ passages ( supreme importance z be+ expressive ( doctr9e1 l ,/4 ,john i4 #a-bd1 ,/4 ,luke i4 #af-ci1 ,/4 ,m>k i4 #a-aa1 ,/4 ,matt4 xxviii4 #h-;end1 & o!rs4 ,read+ ! results ( ?is p>agraph 9 connexion ) ^? ( ! la/1 mu/ we n conclude t ?is manuscript 0 us$ = a palimpse/1 & submitt$ to unusual indignity 9 ord] to oblit]ate its bad record8 ,x w be se5 !re=e t a cause1 :i* = un*all5g$ evid5ce re/s solely ^u su* a witness1 _c be "o t w comm5d itself to ^? :o =m _! conclusions judicially4 ,! g5u95ess ( ! v]ses1 z "p ( ! second ,gospel1 mu/1 ,i hold1 rema9 un%ak5 by su* opposition4 #e4 ,an +5i\s sugge/ion has be5 contribut$ by ,mr4 ,f4 ,c4 ,conybe>e1 ! em95t ,arm5ian s*ol>1 f\nd$ ^u an entry :i* he discov]$ 9 an ,arm5ian ,,ms4 ( ! ,gospels1 dat$ ,a4,d4 #ihf1 :]e 8,ari/on ,eritz\0 is writt5 9 m9ion$ uncials at ! head ( ! twelve v]ses4 ,mr4 ,conybe>e argues1 9 ! ,expositor = ,octob]1 #ahic1 t 8,ari/on ,eritz\0 is n ! copyi/ himself1 :o signs himself ,johannes1 or an ,arm5ian translator1 ,ari/on or ,ari/ion be+ no ,arm5ian "n4 ,he !n attempts to id5tify x ) ,ari/ion :o is m5tion$ by ,papias 9 a passage quot$ by ,eusebius 7,h4 ,e4 iii4 #ci7 z a disciple ( ! ,"l4 ,bo? ! words 8,ari/on ,eritz\0 are tak5 to be 9 ! g5itive1 z 8,eritz\0 c]ta9ly is1 & to signify 8,( or by ,ari/ion ! presbyt]10 ?is be+ ! mean+ ( ! latt] ^w4 ,! sugge/ion is criticiz$ by ,dr4 ,ad4 ,h>nack 9 ! ,!ologis*e ,lit]aturzeitung1 #gie1 :]e ,dr4 ,h>nack pron\nces no op9ion ^u ! s\ndness ( x3 b ! impression left ^u ! m9d aft] read+ 8 article is t he is unable to accept x4 ,x is rem>kable t ! v]ses are f\nd 9 no o!r ,arm5ian ,,ms4 be=e #aajj4 ,mr4 ,conybe>e traces ! v]sion ( ! passage to an old ,syrian ,codex ab\t ! ye> #ejj1 b he has n v /rong gr\nds = 8 reason+2 & ev5 !n = su* an important piece ( in=mation ! leap to ! sub-,apo/olic age is a great "o4 ,b !re is ano!r s]i\s difficulty 9 ! int]pretation ( ?is fragm5t>y expression4 ,ev5 grant+ ! /rong dem&s t we may con/rue ov] ! expression ( ,papias1 1 & take ,ari/ion to h be5 meant z a presbyt]1 & t accord+ to ! p>allel ( ,ari/ion 9 ,eusebius' hi/ory hav+ be5 translit]at$ 9 an ,arm5ian v]sion to ,ari/on1 ,ari/ion 8! disciple0 may be ! man m5tion$ "h1 !re is a =midable difficulty pres5t$ by ! ^w 8,ari/n0 z x is writt5 9 ! place quot$4 ,x ought at lea/ to h _h a long accord+ to ,dr4 ,h>nack1 & x is n 9 ! g5itive case z 8,eritz\0 is4 ,altoge!r1 ! expression is s elliptical1 & occurs ) su* isolat$ my/]y 9 a retir$ di/rict1 & at su* a di/ance ( ye>s f ! ev5t suppos$ to be *ronicl$1 t ! wond] is1 n t a dilig5t & +5i\s explor] %\ld advocate a v curi\s idea t he has =m$ ^u a v int]e/+ piece ( intellig5ce1 b t o!r ,critics %\ld h be5 l$ to welcome x z a key to a long-consid]$ problem4 ,are we n =c$ to see 9 ?is incid5t an in/ance ( a tru? n unfrequ5tly v]ifi$1 t :5 p neglect a pla9 solution1 !y are induc$ to welcome ano!r :i* does n include a t5? "p ( ! evid5ce 9 its support8 ,( c\rse ! real difficulty 9 ! way ( accept+ ^! v]ses z ! composition ( ,/4 ,m>k lies 9 ! *ange ( /yle f\nd 9 !m4 ,t ?is *ange is n ne>ly s great z x may appe> at fir/ sight1 any "o may satisfy himself by /udy+ ,dean ,burgon's analysis ( ! words giv5 9 ! n9? *apt] ( 8 8,la/ ,twelve ,v]ses ( ,/4 ,m>k40 ,b x has be5 ! fa%ion 9 "s qu>t]s to conf9e anci5t writ]s to a wondr\sly n>r[ =m ( /yle 9 ea* case1 not)/&+ ,horace's r\gh ,satires & exquisitely poli%$ ,odes1 & ,cic]o's ,lett]s to 8 ,fri5ds & 8 ,orations & ,philosophical ,treatises4 ,p]haps ! rec5t flood ( discov]ies respect+ e>ly ,lit]ature may wa% away "s ( ! film f our sight4 ,!re seems to be no valid reason :y ,/4 ,m>k %\ld n h writt5 all ! ,gospel t goes by 8 "n1 only "u alt]$ circum/ances4 ,! true key seems to be1 t at ! end ( v]se #h he lo/ ! assi/ance ( ,/4 ,pet]4 ,be=e 1 he wrote out ,/4 ,pet]'s /ory3 aft] x1 he fill$ 9 ! end f 8 own acquir$ k1 & compos$ 9 summ>y4 ,?is v volume may supply a p>allel4 ,sometimes ,i h transcrib$ ,dean ,burgon's mat]ials ) only slight alt]ation1 :]e necess>y imitat+ z ,i 0 able 8 /yle4 ,9 o!r places1 ,i h writt5 solely z be/ ,i c\ld4 ,i add two sugge/ions1 n z be+ prov$ to be true1 because inde$ ei!r is de/ructive ( ! o!r1 b su* t "o or o!r may possibly repres5t ! facts t actually occurr$4 ,to meet ! *>ge ( impossibility1 x is en\gh to %ew :at is possible1 ?\gh 9 ! abs5ce ( direct evid5ce x may n be op5 to any "o to advocate any n>rative z be+ absolutely true4 ,i4 ,tak+ ! /ory ( ,papias & ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria1 z giv5 by ,eusebius 7,h4 ,e4 ii4 #ae71 t ,/4 ,m>k wrote 8 gospel at ! reque/ ( ,roman conv]ts1 & t ,/4 ,pet]1 z x seems1 help$ him 9 ! writ+1 ,i %\ld sugge/ t ! pause made 9 1 s unlike ! close ( any composition1 ( any p>agraph or *apt]1 & /ill less ( ! end ( a book1 t ,i c recollect1 indicates a sudd5 int]ruption4 ,:at m likely ?an t ,/4 ,pet] 0 appreh5d$ at ! "t1 p]haps at ! v mom5t :5 ! ,,ms4 rea*$ t place1 & 0 c>ri$ (f to judgem5t & dea?8 ,aft] all 0 ov]1 & ! opportunity ( /udy return$1 ,/4 ,m>k w\ld naturally write a conclusion4 ,he w\ld n alt] a syllable t _h fall5 f ,/4 ,pet]'s lips4 ,x w\ld be ! conclusion compos$ by "o :o _h lo/ 8 lit]>y illum9ator1 =mal1 brief1 s5t5ti\s1 & compreh5sive4 ,! crucifixion ( ! lead+ ,apo/le w\ld ?us impress an ev]la/+ m>k ^u ! ,gospel :i* 0 virtually 84 ,"h ! ,ma/]'s tongue ceas$3 "h ! disciple took up 8 p5 = himself4 ,,ii4 ,if we foll[ ! acc\nt ( ,ir5aeus 7,eus4 ,h4 ,e4 v4 #h7 t ,/4 ,m>k wrote 8 ,gospel--& did n m]ely publi% x--aft] ,/4 ,pet]'s dea?1 ,dr4 ,gwynn sugge/s to me t he us$ 8 notes made f ,/4 ,pet]'s dictation or compos$ ) 8 help up to xvi4 #h1 leav+ at ! end :at 7 exactly ,/4 ,pet]'s words4 ,aft] t1 he add$ f 8 own /ores1 & indit$ ! conclusion z ,i h already describ$4 ,:e!r ei!r ( ^! descriptions1 or any o!r solution ( ! difficulty1 really tallies ) ! actual ev5t1 ,i submit t x is cle> t ,/4 ,m>k may v well h writt5 ! twelve v]ses himself2 & t !re is no reason = resort+ to ,ari/ion1 or to any o!r p]son = ! au?or%ip4 ,i see t ,mr4 ,conybe>e expresses 8 indebt$ness to ,dean ,burgon's monograph1 & expresses 8 op9ion t 8p]haps no "o s well sums up ! evid5ce = & aga9/ !m0 z he did 7,expositor1 viii4 p4 #bda74 ,i t5d] to him my ?anks1 & e*o = myself all t he has said4 ,,app5dix ,,viii4 ,,new ,,editions ,,( ,,! ,,pe%itto-,,syriac ,,& ,,! ,,h>kleian-,,syriac ,,v]sions4 ,a book repres5t+ ,dean ,burgon's lab\rs 9 ! prov9ce ( ,sacr$ ,textual ,criticism w\ld be incomplete if notice 7 n tak5 9 x ( ! influ5ce ex]cis$ by him ^u ! production ( editions ( ! two *ief ,syriac ,v]sions4 ,?r\gh 8 introduction ( ! ,rev4 ,g4 ,h4 ,gwilliam1 ,b4,d4 to ! late ,philip ,e4 ,pusey1 a plan 0 =m$ = ! jo9t production ( an edition ( ! ,pe%itto ,new ,te/am5t by ^! two s*ol>s4 ,on ! e>ly & lam5t$ dea? ( ,philip ,pusey1 :i* occurr$ 9 ! foll[+ ye>1 ,mr4 ,gwilliam succe$$ to 8 lab\rs1 be+ greatly help$ by ! ,dean's enc\ragem5t4 ,he has writt5 on ! ,syriac ,canons ( ! ,gospels2 & ! nature ( 8 "w ^u ! ,pe%itto ,gospels1 n[ 9 ! press1 may be se5 on consult+ 8 article on 8,! ,mat]ials = ! ,criticism ( ! ,pe%itto ,new ,te/am5t0 9 ! ?ird volume ( ,/udia ,biblica et ,ecclesia/ica1 pp4 #dg-ajd1 :i* inde$ seems to be suffici5t = ! ,prolegom5a ( 8 edition4 ,a li/ ( 8 *ief au?orities 0 also k9dly contribut$ by him to my ,scriv5]1 & !y are enum]at$ !re1 vol4 ,,ii4 pp4 #ab-ac4 ,! importance ( ?is "w1 c>ri$ on successively by two su* accompli%$ ,syriaci/s1 may be se5 f & w illu/rate ! six? *apt] ( ?is "w4 ,9 connexion ) ! ,dean1 if n on 8 sugge/ion1 ! late ,rev4 ,h5ry ,deane1 ,b4,d41 :5 ,fell[ ( ,/4 ,john's ,college1 ,ox=d1 began to collect mat]ials = a new & critical edition ( ! ,h>kleian4 ,8 "w 0 c>ri$ on dur+ _m ye>s1 :5 ill-heal? & fail+ eyesight put a /op to all ef=ts1 & l$ to 8 e>ly dea?--= on leav+ ,new ,college1 aft] hav+ be5 ,tutor !re = five ye>s1 ,i exam9$ him !n a boy at ! top ( ,w9*e/] ,college4 ,mr4 ,deane has left ! results ( 8 "w ent]$ 9 an int]leav$ copy ( ,joseph ,:ite's 8,sacrorum ,evangeliorum ,v]sio ,syriaca ,philox5iana0--nam$1 z my read]s w obs]ve1 f ! translator ,m> ,x5aias or ,philox5us1 n f ,?omas ( ,h>kel ! subsequ5t editor4 ,a li/ ( ! ,,mss4 on :i* ,mr4 ,deane bas$ 8 read+s 0 s5t by him to me1 & ins]t$ 9 my ,scriv5]1 vol4 ,,ii4 p4 #bi4 ,mr4 ,deane add$ 79 a subsequ5t lett]1 dat$ ,april #af1 #ahid73--8,my lab\rs on ! ,gospels %ew t ! ,harkleian text is mu* ! same 9 all ,,mss4 ,! ,acts ( ! ,apo/les mu/ be work$ up = a future edition by "s "o :o kn[s ! "w40 ,s9ce 8 lam5t$ dea?1 putt+ a /op to any edition by him1 8 wid[ has plac$ 8 collation j describ$ 9 ! ,libr>y ( ,/4 ,john's ,college1 :]e by ! p]mission ( ! ,libr>ian x may be se51 & also us$ by any "o :o is recogniz$ z cont9u+ ! valuable "w ( t accompli%$ memb] ( ! ,college4 ,is !re no capable & le>n$ man :o w come =w>d = ! purpose8 ,,g5]al ,,index4 ,a4 ,a or ,alex&rian ,,ms41 #bd1 #ca1 #eg1 #gf1 #age1 #bja1 #bac note #b4 or ,s9aitic ,,ms41 #b1 #bd1 #ca1 #cb1 #di1 #eg1 #agd1 #bai1 #bce2 six conjugate leaves1 #eb1 #afe1 #bcc2 value1 ,b-1 #ee1 #fh-i2 hi/ory & "*1 #aec1 #afj c1 #bcc-e2 sceptical "*1 ,app4 ,v4 #bhg4 ,acacius1 #b1 #aee2 probably ! scribe ( ,b1 #aed4 ,acta ,philippi1 #ajj-bj4 ,acta ,pilati1 #ajj-bj4 ,adamantius1 copies (1 #afg4 ,see ,orig54 ,alex&] ,alex&r9us1 #ajj1 #aac1 #aai4 ,alex&ria1 s*ool (1 #b1 #abb1 #bcd4 ,alex&rians & ,egyptians1 #aac4 ,al=d1 #aga4 ,ambrose1 ,/41 #aja-bj4 ,ammonius1 #aa1 #bdb4 ,amphilo*ius1 ,/41 #aja-bj4 ,anaphora ,pilati1 #aab4 ,antio*1 e>ly ,*ur* at1 #abc-d4 ,antiquity1 #bi-ca4 ,aphraates1 #ajc-ad1 #bac note #d2 witnesses to ,pe%itto1 #acj4 ,apocryphal ,acts ( ! ,gospels1 #ajc-ae1 #acb4 ,apollonides1 #aj4 ,apo/olic ,canons & ,con/itutions1 #ajj1 #ajc-ae1 #aai4 ,apo/olic ,fa!rs1 #ii1 #aah4 ,ar*elaus1 #ajj1 #aje-ac1 #aai1 #acj4 ,arius1 #aaj1 #aaa1 #aad1 #aba4 ,arm5ian ,v]sion1 #bc1 #di1 #acf4 ,asclepiades1 #aj4 ,a?anasius1 #ajj1 #ajc-ae1 #aai1 #aba1 #adh1 #bce note #a1 #bdd4 ,a!nagoras1 #ii1 #ajc1 #aae1 #aai4 ,augu/9e1 ,/41 on ,old-,lat9 ,texts1 #adj-c2 canon (1 #fa note1 #aih4 ,b4 ,b or ,vatican ,,ms41 #b1 #bd1 #ca1 #cb1 #di1 #eg1 #agd2 numb] ( omissions1 #gh2 hi/ory & "*1 #aec1 #afj c41 #bcc-e2 sceptical "* (1 ,app4 ,v4 #bhg2 ,b & 1 _! value1 #ee1 #fh-hi4 ,b>nabas1 ,/41 #ajd1 #ajg4 ,b>tolocci1 #aeg4 ,basil1 ,/41 #ig1 #aja1 #ajg-ae1 #aag1 #aig1 #bha-b4 ,basilides1 #c4 ,b5gel1 #c4 ,b]at9us1 ,codex 771 #be1 #bf1 #age4 ,be?ab>a or ,be?any1 #hh4 ,beza1 #c4 ,bigg1 ,dr41 #aea4 ,bir*1 #aeg4 ,bobi5sis 7k71 #acg4 ,bohairic ,v]sion1 #bc1 #cj1 #di1 #acf1 #adi-ej1 & passim4 ,brixianus 7f71 #acg4 ,burgon1 ,dean1 ,indexes (1 ,preface1 #id2 addition by1 to ,greek ,,mss41 #ba note #b4 ,burkitt1 ,mr4 ,f4 ,c1 #abi note #a4 ,c4 ,c or ,p>isian ,,ms41 #bd1 #ca1 #ea1 #eg1 #gf1 #age4 ,caes>ea 7,turris ,/ratonis71 libr>y (1 #b1 #aeb1 #afc-e1 #bbe1 #bgd4 ,see ,b & 4 ,caes>ea1 ,s*ool (1 #aba1 #aeb-h4 ,caes>ea ,philippi1 our ,"l's /ay at1 #abd4 ,callixtus1 #ii1 #abj4 ,c&idus ,arianus1 #aja1 #aac1 #abj4 ,canon ( ! ,n4,t41 #aj1 #ac-ad1 #afa1 #agb2 settlem5t ( ! ,canon foll[$ by t ( ! ,text1 #agc4 ,celsus1 #ajg4 ,*ase1 ,dr4 ,f4 ,h41 #add4 #agf note4 ,*ryso/om1 ,/41 #ca1 #afa1 #aig4 ,ciasca1 ,ago/9o1 #acb4 ,cl>omontanus 7h71 #acg4 ,clem5s ,alex41 #eh1 #fb1 #ii1 #ajc-ae1 #aag1 #aba1 #adh1 #adi1 #aej1 #bcd1 #bda1 #bdf4 ,clem5s ,rom41 #aje4 ,clem5t9es1 #ii1 #aje1 #aji1 #aaa1 #aai4 ,colb]t9us 7c71 #acg4 ,complut5sian edition1 #c4 ,concilia ,c>?ag9i5sia1 #ajj1 #ajh1 #aai4 ,concordia discors1 #ag1 #ha-h4 ,conflation1 #hj-a1 #bjf-g1 #bbg-i4 ,cons5t )\t ,conc]t1 #ag4 ,con/ans1 #afc note #c4 ,con/ant9e ,i1 #afj1 #afc note #c4 ,con/ant9ople1 ,c\ncils (1 #agc4 ,con/antius ,,ii1 #afj1 #afa note #a4 ,context1 #fa-e4 ,cont9uity1 #eh-fa4 ,conybe>e1 ,mr4 ,f4 ,c41 #cjd-e1 #cjg4 ,cook1 ,canon1 #afc note #d1 #bbg4 ,corbei5sis ,i1 ,,ii1 7ff#a1 ff#b71 #acg4 ,cornelius1 #ajj1 #aai4 ,corruption1 pre-,evangeli/ic1 #adf4 ,craw=d1 ! ,e>l (1 #abi4 ,critical copies1 #cf note4 ,curetonian ,v]sion1 #ca1 #ia2 date (1 #abc-cd2 orig9 ( text1 #add c1 #ahb note #b2 #bah note #aa1 & passim4 ,curetonian & ,pe%itto1 ,app4 ,,vi4 #bib4 ,cursive ,,mss41 #bd1 #ea1 #aef-h1 #aif-bbc2 9 relation to lat] ,uncials1 #aii-bjc2 ma9 body (1 n a s+le copy1 #bbc2 copi$ 9 "p f papyrus1 #bce2 ! fir/ extant1 #bjj4 ,cyprian1 ,/41 #ajj1 #ajc-ae1 #abj4 ,cyril ( ,alex&ria1 ,/41 #ca1 #aai1 #bdg4 ,cyril ( ,j]usalem1 ,/41 #aja1 #ajc-ae1 #bhb4 ,d4 ,d or ,cod4 ,bezae1 #bd1 #ca1 #ea1 #gf1 #abf1 #add1 #age-ie2 sympa?y ) ,old-,lat9 ,,mss41 #ef4 ,d & ,e1 ,codd4 ( ,/4 ,paul1 #ed1 #bca4 1 ,cod4 ,sangall5sis1 9 ,/4 ,m>k1 #bjd4 ,damascus1 ,e>ly ,*ur* at1 #abb-d4 ,deane1 ! late ,rev4 ,h41 & ,h>kleian1 ,app4 ,,viii4 #cji4 ,decapolis1 #abc note4 ,delicate expressions rubb$ (f 9 ! old ,uncials1 #aij4 ,diatess>ons1 =m]ly ab\nd$ #beb4 ,dida*1 #ii1 #ajc1 #ajd4 ,didymus1 #aja1 #ajc-ae1 #aai1 #abj4 ,diez1 ,fri$41 #adc note4 ,diodorus 7,t>sus71 #aja1 #abj4 ,diognetus1 ,epi/le to1 #ii1 #aah4 ,dionysius ,alex41 #ajj1 #ajg1 #aaj1 #aba1 #adh1 #bcd4 ,doctr9e & ! ,text ( ,n4,t41 connexion betwe51 #agc4 ,e4 ,e1 ,cod4 ( ,gospels4 #bjc4 ,e ( ,paul ,d ( ,paul1 #ed1 #bca4 ,edessa1 #acd4 ,egyptian ,v]sions1 #ca4 ,elzevirs1 #c4 ,ephraem ,syrus1 ,/41 #ajc1 #ajg1 #aaj1 #aab1 #acb1 #bdc2 witnesses to ,pe%itto1 #acj4 ,epiphanius1 ,/41 #aja1 #ajc-ae1 #aag1 #abj1 #acc1 #bdc1 #bhc-d4 ,erasmus1 #c1 #ae4 ,esaias ,abbas1 #aja1 #ajd4 #abj4 ,e?iopic ,v]sion1 #bc1 #di1 #ea1 #acf4 ,eum5es ,,ii1 #aee4 ,eunomius1 #aja4 ,eusebian ,canons1 #bdb4 ,eusebius 7,caes>ea71 #b1 #cj1 #ca1 #ajj1 #ajc-ae1 #aba1 #acc1 #aeb1 #afb2 p]sonally fav\r$ ! 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e>ly ,fa!rs1 #aag1 #aba2 fancies (1 #abi note #b2 ,b & writt5 at ,rome1 #afe2 ,w4-,hort1 #bjh note #aa2 on ! ,traditional ,text1 #bba-b1 #bcf2 on ,g5ealogy1 #bcj4 ,see ,conflation4 ,i4 ,int]nal ,evid5ce1 #fe-g1 #bad-e4 ,int]polations1 #ha4 ,ir5aeus1 ,/41 #ih1 #ii1 #ajc-ae1 #aag1 #aai1 #bhd4 ,isaias4 ,see ,esaias4 ,itala1 #adc4 or 1 #hg4 ,j4 ,jacobites1 #acc4 ,jacobus ,nisib5us1 #acb4 ,j]ome1 ,/41 on ,old-,lat9 ,texts1 #adj-b1 #bdd4 ,jona & ,jonah1 #hg4 ,julius 7,pope71 #ajj1 #abj4 ,julius ,africanus1 #ajj1 #aab1 #aba4 ,ju/9 ,m>tyr1 ,/41 #cj1 #ii1 #ajc-ae1 #aag1 #aai2 ps4 ,ju/91 #ajh1 #aaa4 ,juv5eus1 #ajj1 #aje1 #aaj1 #abj4 ,l4 ,l or ,regius1 #d1 #cj1 #cb1 #bjd4 ,la*mann1 #d1 #ij1 #aeh1 #bbe4 ,lactantius1 #ajj1 #abj4 ,laodicea1 ,c\ncil (1 #agb4 ,la/ ,twelve ,v]ses1 i4e4 ( ,/4 ,m>k1 #ee1 #ajb1 #bcb1 ,app4 ,,vii4 #bih4 ,lat9 ,,mss41 ,old1 #d1 #cj1 #ca1 #di1 #ea1 #fd1 #abf2 d n fall /rictly into ?ree classes1 #acf-i2 ,wiseman's !ory (1 false1 #adb2 did n come f "o /em1 #ace-df2 influ5c$ by ,l[-,lat9 dialects1 #ace-adf2 d]iv$ mu* f ,syrian pre-,evangeli/ic corruption1 #add-f4 ,lection>ies1 #bb & note4 ,lett]s 9 ,gu>dian1 ,dean ,burgon's1 #bjj note #c4 ,lewis ,codex1 #aca-b1 #acd note1 #add1 #cjb-c1 & passim4 ,libr>ies1 de/ruction (1 #agd4 ,libr>y at ,caes>ea4 ,see ,caes>ea4 ,l[-,lat9 ,,mss41 #abb4 ,see ,lat9 ,,mss4 ,lucif] 7,cagli>i71 #aja1 #ajc1 #ajd1 #aad1 #abj4 ,m4 ,mac>ius ,alex&r9us1 #ajj note4 ,mac>ius ,magnes1 #aja1 #ajf-ab1 #abj4 ,mac>ius ,magnus or ,aegyptius1 #ajj1 #ajd1 #aaj1 #aae1 #abj4 ,mai1 ,c>d9al1 editions ( ,b1 #ge1 #aei4 ,manuscripts1 multitude (1 #bd-g1 #ai1 #ba & note #b2 six classes (1 #bb note2 k9ds (1 #bd2 value (1#ec-f2 9 pr(ane au?ors1 #ba note #a4 ,see ,papyrus1 ,vellum1 ,uncial1 ,cursive4 ,m>cion1 #aj1 #ig1 #aaj1 #aaa1 #aab4 ,m>iam & ,m>y1 #hd-f4 ,m>ies1 !1 9 ,n4 ,t41 #hd-f4 ,m>k1 ,/4 ,see ,la/ ,twelve ,v]ses4 ,m>onite use ( ! 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( :i* ! text has be5 impugn$ by ! de/ructive s*ool4 ,yet 7a7 9 all cases consid]ation ( ! text ( an au?or mu/ p]=ce prec$e consid]ation ( inf]5ces f ! text--,l[] ,criticism mu/ be ! gr\ndwork ( ,high] ,criticism2 7b7 confirmatory passages _c be ?r[n aside 9 face ( attacks ^u doctr9e ( e possible "*2 7c7 ,holy ,scripture is too unique & preci\s to admit ( ! /udy ( ! sev]al words ( x be+ int]e/+ r ?an important2 7d7 _m ( ! passages :i* ,mod]n ,criticism w\ld erase or suspect--su* z ! la/ ,twelve ,v]ses ( ,/4 ,m>k1 ! fir/ ,^w f ! ,cross1 & ! ?rill+ description ( ! dep? ( ! ,agony1 besides num]\s o!rs--are valuable 9 ! extreme2 &1 7e7 g5]ally speak+1 x is impossible to pron\nce1 especially amid/ ! ?\ght & life see?+ ev]y:]e r\nd u1 :at "p ( ,holy ,scripture is n1 or may n prove to be1 ( ! highe/ importance z well z int]e/4--,e4 ,m4 #h ,see bel[1 ,vol4 ,,ii4 ?r\gh\t1 & a rem>kable passage quot$ f ,caius or ,gaius by ,dean ,burgon 9 ,! ,revision ,revis$ 7,qu>t]ly ,review1 ,no4 #cjf71 pp4 #cbc-cbd4 #i ,/4 ,john xiv4 #bf4 #aj ,/4 ,john xvi4 #ac4 #aa ,rev4 ,john ,oxlee's s]mon on ,luke xxii4 #bh-cj 7#ahba71 p4 #ia 7,?ree ,s]mons on ! p[]1 orig91 & succession ( ! ,*ri/ian ,hi]>*y1 & especially t ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&74 #ab ,we/cott & ,hort1 ,introduction1 p4 #ib4 #ac ,ibid4 p4 #adb4 #ad ,scriv5]1 ,pla9 ,introduction1 ed4 #d1 ,vol4 ,i4 pp4 #ge-gf4 #ae ,( c\rse ?is tr5*ant passage ref]s only to ! pr9ciples ( ! s*ool f\nd to fail4 ,a s*ool may leave fruits ( rese>* ( a mo/ valuable k9d1 & yet be utt]ly 9 error z to ! inf]5ces involv$ 9 su* & o!r facts4 ,dean ,burgon amply admitt$ ?is4 ,! foll[+ extract f "o ( ! _m deta*$ pap]s left by ! au?or is app5d$ z possess+ bo? illu/rative & p]sonal int]e/3-- 8,famili> z all su* details z ! pres5t mu/ ( necessity prove to ^? :o h made ,textual ,criticism _! /udy1 !y may on no acc\nt be )held4 ,i am n address+ le>n$ p]sons only4 ,i propose1 be=e ,i lay d[n my p51 to make educat$ p]sons1 :]ev] !y may be f\nd1 p>tak]s ( my own pr(\nd conviction t = ! mo/ "p c]ta9ty is atta9able on ?is subject-matt]2 b t ! decrees ( ! popul> s*ool--at ! head ( :i* /& _m ( ! great critics ( ,*ri/5dom--are utt]ly mi/ak54 ,f\nd$1 z ,i v5ture to ?9k1 on entirely false premisses1 _! conclusions almo/ inv>iably are altoge!r wrong4 ,& ?is ,i hold to be demon/rable2 & ,i propose 9 ! ensu+ pages to e/abli% ! fact4 ,if ,i d n succe$1 ,i %all pay ! p5alty = my presumption & my folly4 ,b if ,i succe$--& ,i wi% to h juri/s & p]sons skill$ 9 ! law ( evid5ce1 or at lea/ ?\ghtful & unprejudic$ p]sons1 :]ev] !y are to be f\nd1 & no o!rs1 = my judges1--if ,i e/abli% my position1 ,i say1 let my fa!r & my "m's son be k9dly rememb]$ by ! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/ :5 he has dep>t$ h5ce40 #af ,!re are1 h[ev]1 9 exi/5ce1 ab\t #bjj ,,mss4 ( ! ,iliad & ,odyssey ( ,hom]1 & ab\t #aej ( ,virgil4 ,b 9 ! case ( _m books ! exi/+ au?orities are b scanty4 ,?us !re are n _m m ?an ?irty ( ,aes*ylus1 & !y are all said by ,w4 ,d9dorf to be d]iv$ f "o ( ! elev5? c5tury3 only a few ( ,demo/h5es1 ( :i* ! olde/ are ( ! t5? or elev5? c5tury3 only "o au?ority = ! fir/ six books ( ! ,annals ( ,tacitus 7see also ,madvig's ,introduction73 only "o ( ! ,clem5t9es3 only "o ( ! ,dida*1 c4 ,see ,g['s ,companion to ,s*ool ,classics1 ,macmillan ,co4 #ahhh4 #ag 8,i _h already assi/$ my fri5d ,preb5d>y ,scriv5] 9 greatly enl>g+ ,s*olz's li/4 ,we _h1 9 fact1 rais$ ! enum]ation ( #8,evangelia' copies ( ,gospels to #fba3 ( #8,acts & ,ca?olic ,epi/les' to #bci3 ( #8,paul' to #bha3 ( #8,apocalypse' to #ajh3 ( #8,evangeli/>ia' ,lection>y copies ( ,gospels to #bii3 ( ! book call$ #8,apo/olos' ,lection>y copies ( ,acts & ,epi/les to #ha--mak+ a total ( #afbi4 ,b at ! end ( a protract$ & some:at labori\s correspond5ce ) ! cu/odians ( n a few great cont95tal libr>ies1 ,i am able to /ate t our available #8,evangelia' am\nt to at lea/ #gci3 our #8,acts & ,ca?4 ,epp4' to #bfa3 our #8,paul' to #cch3 our #8,apoc4' to #abb3 our #8,ev/4' to #dae3 our copies ( ! #8,apo/olos' to #abh--mak+ a total ( #bjjc4 ,?is %ews an increase ( ?ree hundr$ & sev5ty-f\r40 ,revision ,revis$1 p4 #eba4 ,b s9ce ! publication ( ,dr4 ,gregory's ,prolegom5a1 & ( ! f\r? edition ( ,dr4 ,scriv5]'s ,pla9 ,introduction to ! ,criticism ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 aft] ,dean ,burgon's dea?1 ! li/ has be5 l>gely increas$4 ,9 ! f\r? edition ( ! ,introduction 7,app5dix ,f1 p4 #cig7 ! total numb] "u ! six classes ( 8,evangelia10 8,acts & ,ca?olic ,epi/les10 8,/4 ,paul10 8,apocalypse10 8,evangeli/>ia10 & 8,apo/olos10 has rea*$ 7ab\t7 #c1hbi1 & may be reckon$ :5 all h come 9 at ov] #d1jjj4 ,! sep>ate ,,mss4 7"s 9 ! reckon+ j giv5 be+ c\nt$ m ?an once7 are already ov] #c1jjj4 #ah ,evan4 #dha is dat$ ,a4,d4 #hce2 ,evan4 ,s4 is dat$ ,a4,d4 #idi4 #ai ,or1 z "s ?9k1 at ! end ( ! second c5tury4 #bj ,,ac 7 9 ,/4 ,matt47 ) f\rte5 o!r uncials1 mo/ cursives1 f\r ,old ,lat91 ,go?ic1 ,/4 ,ir5aeus1 c4 c4 #ba ,see ,vol4 ,,ii4 #bb ,all su* que/ions are be/ und]/ood by obs]v+ an illu/ration4 ,9 ,/4 ,matt4 xiii4 #cf1 ! disciples say to our ,"l1 8,expla9 to u 7 7 ! p>able ( ! t>es40 ,! cursives 7& late uncials7 are all agre$ 9 ?is read+4 ,:y !n d ,la*mann & ,tregelles 7n ,tis*5dorf7 exhibit 8 ,only because !y f9d 9 ,b4 ,_h !y kn[n t ! fir/ read+ ( exhibit$ t read+ also1 !y w\ld h be5 m confid5t ?an ev]4 ,b :at pret5ce c !re be = assum+ t ! ,traditional read+ ( all ! copies is untru/wor?y 9 ?is place8 ,! plea ( antiquity at all ev5ts _c be urg$1 = ,orig5 reads f\r times4 ,! ,v]sions d n help u4 ,:at else is b a transp>5t ,gloss8 7elucidate7 expla9s 1 b 7tell7 does n expla9 4 #bc ,pla9 ,introduction1 ,i4 #bgg4 #d? edition4 #bd ,x is v rem>kable t ! sum ( ,eusebius' own evid5ce is l>gely aga9/ ^? uncials4 ,yet x seems mo/ probable t he _h ,b & execut$ f ! or 8critical0 copies ( ,orig54 ,see bel[1 ,*apt] ,,ix4 #be ,viz4 #iif v]ses out ( #c1ghj4 #bf ,mill]'s ,scriv5] 7#d? edition71 ,vol4 ,i4 ,app5dix ,f4 p4 #cig4 #acbf #gc #ihj #bcgi4 #bg ,scriv5]'s ,introduction1 ,ed4 iv 7#ahid71 ,vol4 ,,ii4 pp4 #bfd-bfe4 #bh ,b see ,mill]'s edition ( ,scriv5]'s ,introduction1 ,i4 #cig4 ,app4 ,f1 :]e ! numb]s z n[ kn[n are giv5 z #gc1 #acbf1 #ihj respectively4 #bi ,acc\nt ( ! ,pr9t$ ,text1 p4 #ach4 #cj ,?is g5]al position w be elucidat$ 9 ,*apt]s ,,ix & ,,xi4 #ca ,s also ! ,georgian & ,sclavonic v]sions 7! late ,dr4 ,malan74 #cb ,! ,traditional view ( ! au?or%ip ( ! ,epi/le to ! ,hebrews is "h ma9ta9$ z sup]ior bo? 9 au?ority & evid5ce to any o!r4 #cc 1 #ca1 #da1 #aad4 #cd ,tis*5dorf wrongly adduces ,ir5aeus4 ,read to ! end ( ,,iii4 c4 #ai1 #a4 #ce ,ap4 ,gall&4 vii4 #agh4 #cf xii4 #fd c1 #fe b4 2 1 1 1 4 ,see by all means ,cram]'s ,cat4 p4 #dea4 #cg ,ap4 ,cram]1 ,cat4 p4 #agg4 2 1 8 40 #ch vi4 #ae d4 1 1 444 ,aft] ?is1 x becomes ( little mom5t t ! same ,cyril %\ld else:]e 7i4 #cid7 read 4 #ci iii4 #eff4 ,aft] quot+ ! place1 ,?drt4 proce$s1 444 444 4 #dj ii4 #bcd4 #da ,ap4 ,oecum4 #db ii4 #fgj4 #dc ,f ,dr4 ,malan1 :o in=ms me t ! ,bohairic & ,e?iopic exhibit 8_! he>t 0 n mix$ )03 :i* repres5ts ! same read+4 #dd ,s ,!ophylactus 7ii4 #fgj71 :o 7) all ! m tru/wor?y au?orities7 writes 4 ,= ?is s5se ( ! v]b1 see ,liddell & ,scott's ,lex41 & especially ! in/ances 9 ,wet/e94 #de ,yet ,tis*5dorf says1 8,dubit>e nequeo qu9 lectio ,s9aitica hujus loci m5tem scriptoris recte r$dat atque omnium sit v]issima40 #df ,see bel[1 ,*apt] ,,xi1 :]e ! "* & au?ority ( ,cursive ,manuscripts are consid]$4 #dg ,! evid5ce on ! passage is z foll[s3--,= ! ins]tion3-- 99 etc4 ,,bc99,,dp1 #a1 #ac1 #cc1 #ajh1 #aeg1 #cdf1 & ab\t t5 m4 ,old ,lat9 7except f71 ,vulgate1 ,bohairic1 ,e?iopic1 ,hil>y1 ,cyril ,alex4 7#b71 ,*ryso/om 7#b74 ,aga9/3-- ,,efgklmsuvx4 ,! re/ ( ! ,cursives1 ,pe%itto 7,pusey & ,gwilliam f\nd x 9 no copies71 ,sahidic1 ,eusebius1 ,basil1 ,j]ome1 ,*ryso/om1 9 loc41 ,juv5cus4 ,comp>e ,revision ,revis$1 p4 #ajh1 note4 #dh ,by ! ,editor4 ,see ,mill]'s ,scriv5]1 ,introduction 7#d? ed471 ,vol4 ,i4 p4 #if1 note #a1 & bel[1 ,*apt] ,,ix4 #di ,mill]'s ,scriv5]1 ,i4 p4 #agf4 #ej ,ibid4 p4 #bjh4 #ea ,tregelles' ,pr9t$ ,text1 c41 p4 #bdg4 #eb ,tis*5dorf1 ,n4 ,t41 p4 #cbb4 #ec ,tis*5dorf & ,al=d4 #ed ,burgon's ,la/ ,twelve ,v]ses1 c41 pp4 #ch-fi2 also p4 #bfg4 #ee ,ad ,m>9um4 ,ibid4 p4 #bfe4 #ef ,ibid4 pp4 #bce-f4 #eg ,mill]'s ,scriv5]1 ,i4 p4 #aha4 #eh ,f]r> & ,abbott's ,collation ( ,f\r ,important ,manuscripts1 ,abb ,m>t91 ,quatre ,,mss4 importants1 ,j4 ,r5del ,h>ris1 ,on ! ,orig9 ( ! ,f]r> ,gr\p 7,c4 ,j4 ,clay & ,sons71 #ahic4 ,mill]'s ,scriv5]1 ,i4 p4 #cih1 ,app4 ,f4 #ei ,see bel[1 ,*apt] ,x4 ,also ,mr4 ,r5del ,h>ris' 8,/udy ( ,codex ,bezae0 9 ! ,cambridge ,texts & ,/udies4 #fj ,la/ ,twelve ,v]ses ( ,/4 ,m>k1 p4 #ba1 c42 ,revision ,revis$1 p4 #big4 #fa ,see m ^u ?is po9t 9 ,*apt]s ,v1 ,,xi4 ,comp>e ,/4 ,augu/9e's ,canon3 8,quod univ]sa t5et ,ecclesia nec conciliis in/itutum s$ semp] ret5tum e/1 non nisi auctoritate ,apo/olica traditum rectissime cr$itur40 ,c4 ,donati/4 iv4 #bd4 #fb ,see ,revision ,revis$1 pp4 #ia1 #bjf1 & bel[1 ,*apt] ,v4 #fc 1 1 1 4 #fd 4 #fe 1 2 omission ( 1 4 #ff 1 = :i* ,d absurdly sub/itutes 1 8he t worke?40 #fg ,s1 z x seems1 ! ,lewis1 b ! column is defective4 #fh ,viz4 ,v]4 #bj1 = 1 ,b2 = 1 ,,dlx4 ,v]4 #bb1 omit 1 ,,blx2 ins]t be=e 1 ,,bdf992 ins]t be=e 1 ,,fx4 ,v]4 #bc1 = 1 ,d4 ,v]4 #bd1 = 1 ,d & eight o!rs2 = 1 ,,abdl4 ,v]4 #be1 = 1 ,,abdl4 ,v]4 #bf1 = 1 ,,bdl4 ,v]4 #bh1 ins]t be=e 1 ,,lx2 omit 1 ,,bklmx4 ,v]4 #cj1 omit 1 ,d4 ,v]4 #cb1 = 1 99,b4 ,see ,tis*5dorf1 eigh? edition1 9 loco4 ,! ,concordia discors w be notic$4 #fi ,! explanation giv5 by ! majority ( ! ,revis]s has only _! ,engli% ,translation to recomm5d x1 89 tables t are he>ts ( fle%0 = 4 ,9 ! ,traditional read+ 7a7 answ]s to 2 & !re=e w\ld agree ) 1 n ) 4 7b7 ,! opposition betwe5 & w\ld be weak inde$1 ! latt] be+ a m]e app5dage 9 apposition to 1 & w\ld !re=e be a blot 9 ,/4 ,paul's n]v\s passage4 7c7 ,! apposition is h>%1 ill-balanc$ 7contra/ ,/4 ,m>k viii4 #h71 & unlike ,greek3 ,dr4 ,hort is driv5 to suppose to be a 8primitive int]polation40 ,! fault9ess ( a majority ( ! ,uncials is correct$ by ,cursives1 ,v]sions1 ,fa!rs4 #gj 8,int] plures unius loci lectiones ea pro suspecta m]ito habetur1 quae or?odoxorum dogmatibus manife/e prae cet]is favet40 ,n4,t4 ,prolegom5a1 ,i4 p4 lxvi4 #ga ,see ,hort's ,introduction1 pp4 #baj-bgj4 #gb ,i h reta9$ ?is *all5ge ?\gh x has be5 r5d]$ nugatory by ! ,dean's lam5t$ dea?1 9 ord] to exhibit 8 absolute s9c]ity & fe>lessness4--,e4 ,m4 #gc ,"h ! ,dean's ,,ms4 ceases1 & ! ,editor is responsible = :at foll[s4 ,! ,,ms4 0 m>k$ 9 p5cil1 8,v r\gh--b wor? c>ry+ on40 #gd ,see a passage f ,caius quot$ 9 ,! ,revision ,revis$1 p4 #cbc4 ,eusebius1 ,hi/4 ,eccles4 v4 #bh4 #ge ,hort1 ,introduction1 p4 #bbc4 #gf ,see ,app5dix ,v1 & bel[1 ,*apt] ,,ix4 #gg ,z a specim5 ( h[ quickly a ,cursive copy c\ld be writt5 by an accompli%$ copyi/1 we may note ! foll[+ entry f ,dean ,burgon's ,lett]s 9 ! ,gu>dian to ,dr4 ,scriv5]1 9 a lett] dat$ ,jan4 #bi1 #ahgc4 8,note fur!r1 t !re is 444 ano!r copy ( ! ,o4,t4 9 "o volume 444 at ! end ( :i* is /at$ t ,nicodemus 1 ! scribe1 began 8 task on ! #h? ( ,june & f9i%$ x on ! #ae? ( ,july1 ,a4,d4 #accd1 work+ v h>d--z he mu/ h done inde$40 #gh ,see bel[1 ,*apt] ,,viii4 #b4 #gi ,see ,*apt] ,,vi4 #hj ,see ,*apt] ,,vii4 #ha ,see next ,*apt]4 #hb ,ano!r fragm5t f\nd 9 ! ,dean's pap]s is introduc$ "h4 #hc ,"h ! fragm5t ends4 #hd ,see ,dr4 ,gwynn's rem>ks :i* are quot$ bel[1 ,app5dix ,,vii4 #he ,! ,revision ,revis$1 p4 #dbc4 ,add a few m2 see ,app5dix ,,vii4 #hf ,dr4 ,gwynn1 ,app5dix ,,vii4 #hg ,ano!r ,,ms4 comes 9 "h4 #hh ,! ,,ms4 ceases4 #hi ,hort1 ,introduction1 pp4 #ie-ii4 #ij - #ia ,an in/ance is af=d$ 9 ,/4 ,m>k viii4 #g1 :]e 8! ,five ,old ,uncials0 exhibit ! passage ?us3 ,a4 4 994 4 #a4 4 ,b4 4 ,c4 4 ,d4 4 ,la*mann1 & ,tis*5dorf 7#ahei7 foll[ ,a2 ,al=d1 & ,tis*5dorf 7#ahfi7 foll[ 2 ,tregelles & ,we/cott1 & ,hort adopt ,b4 ,!y happ5 to be all wrong1 & ! ,textus ,receptus "r4 ,! only ^w !y all agree 9 is ! initial 4 #ib ,aft] ?is ! ,,mss4 recomm5ce4 #ic ,s m>k ! place ) a/]isks1 & ) an obelus4 #id ,9 twelve1 a/]isks3 9 two1 obeli4 #ie ,! ,,ms41 :i* has n be5 p]fect1 "h ceases4 #if ,9 ! ,syriac "o =m appe>s to be us$ = all ! ,m>ys 7,syriac *>act]s ,m>-yam1 also sometimes1 b n always1 spelt 9 ! ,j]usalem ,syriac ,syriaic *>act]s ,m>-yaam71 also = ,miriam 9 ! ,o4 ,t41 = ,m>iamne ! wife ( ,h]od1 & o!rs2 9 fact1 :]ev] x is int5d$ to repres5t a ,hebrew female "n4 ,at ,rom4 xvi4 #f1 ! ,pe%itto has ,syriaic *>act]s obvi\sly z a translation ( ! ,greek =m 9 ! text :i* 0 foll[$4 7,see ,!saurus ,syriacus1 ,payne ,smi?1 coll4 #bbbe1 #bbbf47 ,9 ,syriac lit]ature ,syriac *>act]s ,m>ia occurs f "t to "t z ! "n ( "s ,sa9t or ,m>tyr--e4g4 9 a volume ( ,acta ,m>t4 describ$ by ,wright 9 ,cat4 ,syr4 ,,mss4 9 ,b4 ,m4 p4 #ajha1 & :i* appe>s to be a fif?-c5tury ,,ms4 ,on ! hypo!sis t ,hebrew-,aramaic 0 spok5 9 ,pale/9e 7pace ,drs4 ,abbot & ,rob]ts71 ,i d n d\bt t only "o =m 7cf4 ,pe>son1 ,cre$1 ,art4 iii4 & notes7 ( ! "n 0 9 use1 8,m>yam10 a vulg>iz$ =m ( 8,miriam02 b x may well be t ,greek ,*ri/ians kept ! ,hebrew =m = ! ,virg91 :ile !y adopt$ a m ,greek-look+ ^w = ! o!r wom54 ,?is f9e di/9ction has be5 lo/ 9 ! corrupt ,uncials1 :ile obs]v$ 9 ! correct ,uncials & ,cursives1 :i* is all t ! ,dean's argum5t requires4--7,g4 ,h4 ,g47 #ig ,! ,,mss4 cont9ue "h4 #ih ,,lxx4 #ii ,/4 ,john xix4 #be4 ,z ! passage is syndeton1 ! omission ( ! :i* w\ld be necess>y if 7 diff]5t f c\ld n be ju/ifi$4 ,comp>e1 e4g41 ! con/ruction 9 ! m5tion ( f\r 9 ,/4 ,m>k xiii4 #c4 ,9 disreg>d+ ! usage requir+ exclusively ei!r syndeton or asyndeton1 ev5 s*ol>s are guid$ unconsci\sly by _! ,engli% exp]i5ce4--7,,ed47 #ajj ,! g5itive is us$ 9 ! ,textus ,receptus 9 ,matt4 i4 #af1 #ah2 ii4 #aa2 ,m>k vi4 #c2 ,luke i4 #da4 is us$ 9 ! ,nom9ative1 ,matt4 xiii4 #ee2 ,luke i4 #bg1 #cd1 #ci1 #df1 #ef2 ii4 #e1 #ai4 ,9 ! ,vocative1 ,luke i4 #cj4 ,! ,accusative1 ,matt4 i4 #bj2 ,luke ii4 #af4 ,dative1 ,luke ii4 #e2 ,acts i4 #ad4 occurs = ano!r ,m>y 9 ! ,textus ,receptus1 ,rom4 xvi4 #f4 #aja ,s]apion1 ,bp4 ( ,?muis 7on a m\? ( ! ,nile7 ,a4,d4 #cdj 7ap4 ,gall&4 v4 #fj a74 #ajb ,basil1 i4 #bdj d4 #ajc ,epiphanius1 i4 #dce c4 #ajd ,*ryso/om1 iii4 #abj d e2 vii4 #ahj a1 #edg e quat42 viii4 #aab a c 7n9e times74 #aje ,a/]ius1 p4 #abh b4 #ajf ,basil ,opp4 7i4 ,app5d47 i4 #ejj e 7cf4 p4 #cgg ,monitum74 #ajg ,cyril1 iv4 #aca c4 #ajh ,a gives 2 1 2 ,c & ,d are sil5t4 ,obvi\s x is t ! revis$ text ( ,/4 ,john i4 #dc & ( xxi4 #ae1 #af1 #ag1--mu/ /& or fall toge!r4 ,9 ?is latt] place ! ,vulgate =sakes u1 & ,b are jo9$ by ,c & ,d4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,cyril 7iv4 #aaag71--;,basil 7ii4 #bih71--;,*ryso/om 7viii4 #ebe c d71--,!odoret 7ii4 #dbf71--;,jo4 ,damasc5e 7ii4 #eaj e71--& ,eulogius 7,a4,d4 #ehj4 ap4 ,photium1 p4 #afab71 come to our air4 ,n t we require x4 #aji 8,araba0 7in/ead ( 8ab>a07 is a ^w :i* mu/ h ex]cis$ s p[]ful & s$uctive an influ5ce ov] anci5t ,ea/]n scribes1--7hav+ be5 = ?irty-f\r c5turies ! e/abli%$ designation ( ! /]ile ,wady1 :i* ext5ds f ! ,s\!rn extremity ( ! ,dead ,sea to ! ,nor? ( ! ,arabian ,gulf7--t ! only wond] is x did n f9d its way into ,evangelia4 ,see ,ges5ius on 7 9 ! ,,lxx ( ,deut4 ii4 #h1 c4 ,s 9 ! ,revis$ ,o4 ,t474 #aaj ,! ,,mss4 h ceas$4 #aaa ,see ,app5dix ,v4 #aab ,see ,preface4 #aac ,?is *apt] & ! next ?ree h be5 suppli$ entirely by ! ,editor4 #aad ,see also ,mill]'s ,textual ,guide1 *apt] ,,iv4 ,no answ] has be5 made to ! ,dean's /rictures4 #aae ,see ,dr4 ,scriv5]'s incisive criticism ( ,dr4 ,hort's !ory1 ,introduction1 edit4 #d1 ii4 #bhd-bif4 #aaf ,! ,revision ,revis$1 pp4 #cbc-cbd1 #ccd4 #aag ,yet ,m>cion & ,tatian may fairly be adduc$ z witnesses ^u individual read+s4 #aah ,e4g4 8,_m ( ! v]ses :i* he ,orig5 quotes 9 diff]5t places %ew discrepancies ( text t _c be acc\nt$ = ei!r by loos5ess ( citation or by corruption ( ! ,,mss4 ( 8 writ+s40 ,hort1 ,introduction1 p4 #aac4 ,see also ! :ole passage1 pp4 #aac-d4 #aai ,see ,hort4 ,introduction1 p4 #afj4 ,! mo/ useful "p ( ,ir5aeus' works 9 ?is respect is f\nd 9 ! ,lat9 ,translation1 :i* is ( ! f\r? c5tury4 #abj ,or ,magnus1 or ,major1 :i* names 7 appli$ to him to di/+ui% him f 8 bro!r :o 0 call$ ,alex&r9us1 & to :om "s ( 8 works h be5 sometimes attribut$4 ,mac>ius ,magnus or ,aegyptius 0 a consid]able writ]1 z may be und]/ood f ! fact t he occupies ne>ly #ajjj pages 9 ,migne's ,s]ies4 ,8 memory is /ill1 ,i am in=m$1 pres]v$ 9 ,egypt4 ,b 9 "s fields ( s*ol>%ip at ! pres5t day he has met ) /range neglect4 #aba ,! names ( _m ,fa!rs are omitt$ 9 ?is li/1 because ,i c\ld n f9d any witness on "o side or ! o!r 9 _! writ+s4 ,also ,syriac writ+s are n "h includ$4 #abb ,see ,! ,revision ,revis$1 p4 #abc4 #abc ,! ,revision ,revis$1 p4 #ib4 #abd ,i h m5tion$ "h only cases :]e ! passage is quot$ pr(ess$ly f ,/4 ,mat!w4 ,! passage z giv5 9 ,/4 ,m>k x4 #ag-ah1 & 9 ,/4 ,luke xviii4 #ah-ai1 is frequ5tly quot$ )\t ref]5ce to any "o ( ! ,gospels4 ,surely "s ( ^! quotations mu/ be meant = ,/4 ,mat!w4 #abe ,= ! reff4 see bel[1 ,app5dix ,,ii4 #abf ,comp>e ,! ,revision ,revis$1 pp4 #afb-c4 #abg ,= reff4 see ,vol4 ,,ii4 viii4 ,= ,m>k i4 #a1 1 see ,app5dix ,,iv4 #abh ,! ,revision ,revis$1 pp4 #dbc-ddj4 ,la/ ,twelve ,v]ses1 pp4 #db-ea4 ,! latitud9>ian ,eusebius on ! same passage witnesses on bo? sides4 #abi ,! ,revision ,revis$1 pp4 #dbj-a2 ,la/ ,twelve ,v]ses1 pp4 #db-c4 #acj ,! ,revision ,revis$1 pp4 #gi-hb4 ,! ,dean alleges m ?an =ty witnesses 9 all4 ,:at are quot$ "h1 z 9 ! o!r in/ances1 are only ! ,fa!rs be=e ,/4 ,*ryso/om4 #aca ,ibid4 pp4 #hb-e4 #acb ,! ,revision ,revis$1 pp4 #fa-fe4 #acc ,ibid4 pp4 #ij-a4 #acd ,see bel[1 ,app5dix ,i4 #ace ,_m ( ! ,fa!rs quote only z f> z 4 ,b t 0 evid5tly a conv5i5t quotation ( a /ock "* 9 controv]sy1 j z 0 ev5 m commonly4 ,/ ,epiphanius (t5 quotes ?us1 b rem>ks 7,ha]4 ,,ii4 7lxix47 #ef1 ,ancor4 lxxv471 t ! passage goes on to 4 #acf ,see ,! ,revision ,revis$1 p4 #acc4 #acg ,ibid4 pp4 #bbj-a4 #ach ,tis*5dorf quotes ^! on ! wrong side4 #aci ,! ,revision ,revis$1 pp4 #bag-h4 #adj ,ibid4 pp4 #bc-d4 ,see also an article 9 ,h]ma!na1 ,vol4 ,,viii41 ,no4 ,,xix41 #ahic1 writt5 by ! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,gwynn ) 8 *>act]i/ic acut5ess & +5uity4 #ada ,hort1 ,introduction1 pp4 #abh1 #abg4 #adb ,ibid4 p4 #aac4 #adc ,x may p]haps be que/ion$ :e!r ,ju/9 %\ld be class$ "h3 b ! "* ( 8 witness1 z on ,matt4 v4 #dd1 ix4 #ac1 & ,luke xxii4 #dc-dd1 is m on ! ,traditional side1 ?\gh ! numb]s are aga9/ t4 #add ,a?anasius 9 8 8,orationes ,,iv contra ,arianos0 us$ ,alex&rian texts4 ,see ,,iv4 #ade ,accord+ to ,pl9y 7,n4 ,,ii4 v4 #ah71 ! t[ns ( ,decapolis 73 #a4 ,scy?opolis ! *ief1 n f> f ,tib]ias 7,joseph4 ,b4 ,j4 ,,iii4 ix4 #g72 #b4 ,philadelphia2 #c4 ,raphanae2 #d4 ,gad>a2 #e4 ,hippos2 #f4 ,dios2 #g4 ,pella2 #h4 ,g]asa2 #i4 ,cana?a 7,otopos1 ,joseph472 #aj4 ,damascus4 ,?is area does n co9cide ) t :i* is sometimes n[ m>k$ 9 maps & is "p ( ,galilee & ,sam>ia4 ,b ! ,gospel notion ( ,decapolis1 is ( a c\ntry ea/ ( ,galilee1 ly+ ne> to ! ,lake1 />t+ f ! s\?-ea/1 & /ret*+ on t[>ds ! m\nta9s into ! nor?4 ,x 0 diff]5t f ,galilee 7,matt4 iv4 #be71 0 ma9ly on ! ea/ ( ! sea ( ,tib]ias 7,m>k v4 #bj1 ,eusebius & ,j]ome ,,os#b4 pp4 #bea1 #hi--8;ar\nd ,pella & ,basanitis10--,epiphanius ,ha]4 i4 #abc71 ext5d$ also to ! we/ 7,m>k vii4 #ca71 0 reckon$ 9 ,syria 7,josephus1 passim1 8,decapolis ( ,syria071 & 0 g5]ally aft] ! "t ( ,pompey "u ! jurisdiction ( ! ,gov]nor ( ,syria4 ,! ,encyclopa$ia ,britannica describes x well z 8situat$1 ) ! exception ( a small portion1 on ! ea/]n side ( ! ,upp] ,jordan & ! sea ( ,tib]ias40 ,smi?'s ,diction>y ( ! ,bible1 to :i* ,i am indebt$ = mu* ( ! evid5ce giv5 above1 is inconsi/5t4 ,! population 0 9 a measure ,greek4 #adf 4 ,:at a cond5s$ acc\nt ( ,8 soj\rn 9 v>i\s 8t[ns06 #adg ,see ,anci5t ,syriac ,docum5ts relative to ! ,e>lie/ ,e/abli%m5t ( ,*ri/ianity 9 ,edessa & ! neighb\r+ c\ntries1 c4 edit$ by ,w4 ,cureton1 ,d4,d41 ) a ,preface by ! late ,dr4 ,wright1 #ahfd4 #adh ,cureton's ,preface to 8,an ,anti5t ,rec5sion1 c40 #adi ,philip ,e4 ,pusey held t !re 0 a revision ( ! ,pe%itto 9 ! eigh? c5tury1 b t x 0 conf9$ to grammatical peculi>ities4 ,?is w\ld on g5]al gr\nds be n impossible1 because ! art ( copy+ 0 p]fect$ by ab\t t "t4 #aej ,see ,app5dix ,,vi4 #aea ,?is position is demon/rat$ 9 full 9 an article 9 ! ,*ur* ,qu>t]ly ,review = ,april1 #ahie1 on 8,! ,text ( ! ,syriac ,gospels10 pp4 #abc-e4 #aeb ,! ,text ( ! ,syriac ,gospels1 pp4 #aac-d3 also ,*ur* ,times1 ,jan4 #aa1 #ahie4 ,?is position is e/abli%$ 9 bo? places4 #aec ,yet "s p appe> to ?9k1 t ! worse a text is ! m reason !re is to suppose t x 0 close to ! ,autograph ,orig9al4 ,v]ily ?is is evolution run wild4 #aed ,encyclopa$ia ,britannica1 #i? ed41 8,syriac ,lit]ature10 by ,dr4 ,w4 ,wright1 n[ publi%$ sep>ately "u ! same title4 #aee ,dr4 ,scriv5]1 ,introduction 7#d? ,edition71 ,,ii4 #g4 #aef ,see also ,mill]'s ,edition ( ,scriv5]'s ,introduction 7#d?71 ,,ii4 #ab4 #aeg ,ano!r v anci5t ,,ms4 ( ! ,pe%itto ,gospels is ! ,cod4 ,philipp4 #achh1 9 ! ,royal ,libr>y1 ,b]l9 79 ,mill]'s ,scriv5] ! "n is spelt ,,phillipps74 ,dr4 ,sa*au ascribes x to ! fif?1 or ! beg9n+ ( ! six? c5tury1 ?us mak+ x old] ?an ! ,vatican ,tetraevangelicum1 ,no4 #c1 9 ,mill]'s ,scriv5]1 ,,ii4 #ab4 ,a full description w be f\nd 9 ,sa*au's ,catalogue ( ! ,syr4 ,,mss4 9 ! ,b]l9 ,libr>y4 ,! second 0 collat$ by ,drs4 ,guidi & ,ugol9i1 ! ?ird1 9 ,/4 ,john1 by ,dr4 ,sa*au4 ,! read+s ( ! second & ?ird are 9 ! possession ( ,mr4 ,gwilliam1 :o in=ms me t all ?ree support ! ,pe%itto text1 & are free f all traces ( any pre-,pe%itto text1 su* z accord+ to ,dr4 ,hort & ,mr4 ,burkitt ! ,curetonian & ,lewis ,,mss4 conta94 ,?us e fre% accession ( evid5ce t5ds always to e/abli% ! text ( ! ,pe%itto ,v]sion m securely 9 ! position x has always held until q rec5t ye>s4 ,! int]e/+ feature ( all ! above-nam$ ,,mss4 is ! uni=mity ( _! te/imony to ! text ( ! ,pe%itto4 ,take = example ! evid5ce ( ,no4 #aj 9 ,mill]'s ,scriv5]1 ,,ii4 #ac1 ,no4 #c1 9 ,mill]'s ,scriv5]1 ,,ii4 #ab1 & ,cod4 ,philipp4 #achh4 ,! fir/ 0 collat$ by ,p4 ,e4 ,pusey1 & ! results are publi%$ 9 ,/udia ,biblica1 vol4 i1 8,a fif? c5tury ,,ms40 #aeh ,dr4 ,w4 ,wright's article 9 ,encyclopa$ia ,britannica4 ,dr4 ,hort c\ld n h be5 aw>e ( ?is fact :5 he spoke ( 8! almo/ total ext9ction ( ,old ,syriac ,,mss403 or else he lam5t$ a disappe>ance ( :at nev] appe>$4 #aei p4 #ajg4 #afj ,see ,patrologia ,syriaca1 ,graff91 ,p4 ,i4 vol4 ii4 ,p>is1 #ahie4 #afa ,see 9 ,/4 ,matt4 alone 7out ( _m in/ances7 v4 #bb 7! translation ( 71 ix4 #ac 7( 71 xi4 #bc 78:i* art exalt$071 xx4 #af 7( 1 71 xxvi4 #db 771 #bh 772 besides ,/4 ,luke ii4 #ad 771 xxiii4 #de 771 ,john iii4 #ac 7?\gh 8f heav5071 xxi4 #be 7! v]se74 #afb ,doctr9e ( ,addai1 xxxv4 #ae-ag4 #afc ,h4 ,e4 iv4 #bi4 #afd ,ha]4 xlvi4 #a4 #afe ,canons4 #aff ,ha]4 i4 #bj4 #afg ,! ,e>lie/ ,life ( ,*ri/1 ,app5dix ,,viii4 #afh ,! ,,ms4 is mutilat$ at ! beg9n+ ( ! o!r ?ree ,gospels4 #afi ,x appe>s almo/1 if n q1 c]ta9 t ?is is ! true mean+4 ,payne ,smi?'s ,!saurus ,syriacus1 coll4 #ccjc-d4 #agj ,! ,lewis ,codex 0 9 "p de/roy$1 z n be+ wor? keep+1 :ile ! leaves :i* escap$ t fate 7 us$ = o!r writ+4 ,p]haps o!rs 7 treat$ 9 simil> fa%ion1 :i* w\ld help to acc\nt = ! fact m5tion$ 9 note #b1 p4 #abi4 #aga ,pla9 ,introduction1 ,,ii4 #dc-dd4 #agb ,essays on ,v>i\s ,subjects1 i4 ,two ,lett]s on "s p>ts ( ! controv]sy conc]n+ #a ,john v4 #g1 pp4 #bc1 c4 ,! argum5ts are m +5i\s ?an p[]ful4 ,africa1 e4g41 _h no monopoly ( ,l[-,lat94 #agc ,! num]ator 9 ^! fractions d5otes ! numb] ( times ?r\gh\t ! ,gospels :5 ! text ( ! ,,ms4 9 "q agrees 9 ! select$ passages ) ! ,textus ,receptus3 ! d5om9ator1 :5 x witnesses to ! ,neologian ,text4 #agd ,once 9 k by comp]ire probably a slip = corrip]e4 ,old ,lat9 ,texts1 ,,iii4 pp4 xxiv-xxv4 #age 8,tot sunt pa5e 7exempl>ia71 quot codices10 ,j]ome1 ,epi/ola ad ,damascum4 8,lat9orum int]pretum inf9ita v>ietas10 8int]pretum num]ositas10 8nullo modo num]>i possunt10 ,de ,doctr9a ,*ri/iana1 ii4 #af1 #ba4 #agf ,de ,doctr4 ,*ri/4 ii4 #af4 #agg ,scriv5]'s ,pla9 ,introduction1 ,,ii4 #dd1 note #a4 #agh ,see ,diez1 ,grammatik d] ,romanis*5 ,spra*51 z well z ,introduction to ! ,gramm> ( ! ,romance ,languages1 translat$ by ,c4 ,b4 ,cayley4 ,also ,abel ,hovelacque1 ,! ,sci5ce ( ,language1 ,engli% ,translation1 pp4 #bbg-i4 8,! ,gramm> ( ,fr$]ick ,diez1 fir/ publi%$ "s =ty ye>s ago1 has once = all dispos$ ( ^? ,ib]ian1 ,keltic1 & o!r !ories1 :i* nev]!less crop up f "t to "t40 ,ibid4 p4 #bbi4 ,bra*et1 ,gramm> ( ! ,fr5* ,language1 pp4 #c-e2 ,:itney1 ,language & ! ,/udy ( ,language1 pp4 #afe1 c41 c4 #agi 8,syro-,lat90 is d\btless an exact translation ( 8,syro-,lat9us03 b z we d n say 8,syran0 b 8,syrian10 x is n idiomatic ,engli%4 #ahj ,?is is purely my own op9ion4 ,dean ,burgon foll[$ ,t[nson 9 suppos+ t ! ,synoptic ,evangeli/s 9 "s cases saw "o ano!r's books4 #aha ,isaiah xxxv4 #h1 #i4 #ahb ,introduction1 pp4 #abg1 c4 #ahc ,probably ,alex&rian read+4 #ahd ,probably ,alex&rian read+4 #ahe ,probably ,alex&rian read+4 #ahf ,probably ,alex&rian read+4 #ahg ,probably ,alex&rian read+4 #ahh ,probably ,alex&rian read+4 #ahi ,probably ,alex&rian read+4 #aij ,probably ,alex&rian read+4 #aia ,probably ,alex&rian read+4 #aib ,9 ,matt4 xv4 #ad1 quot$ & translat$ by ,dr4 ,bigg 9 8 ,bampton ,lectures on ,! ,*ri/ian ,platoni/s ( ,alex&ria1 p4 #abc4 #aic ,burgon1 ,la/ ,twelve ,v]ses1 p4 #bcf1 & note z4 #aid ,above1 p4 #ajj4 #aie ,hort1 ,introduction1 p4 #adc4 #aif ,eusebius sugge/$ ! ,homoean !ory1 b 8 own position1 s f> z he _h a position1 is be/ indicat$ z above4 #aig ,sir ,e4 ,maunde ,?ompson1 ,greek & ,lat9 ,palaeography1 p4 #ce4 ,pl94 at4 ,hi/4 xiii4 #aa4 #aih 1 1 #b ,tim4 iv4 #ac4 #aii ,palaeography1 p4 #cf4 #bjj ,see above1 p4 #b4 #bja ,palaeography1 pp4 #bg-cd4 ,pap] 0 fir/ made 9 ,*9a by a man nam$ ,ts'ai ,lun1 :o liv$ ab\t ,a4,d4 #ij4 ,he is said to h us$ ! b>k ( a tree2 probably ,br\ssonetia papyrif]a1 ,v5t4 f :i* a co>se k9d ( pap] is /ill made 9 nor!rn ,*9a4 ,! bett] k9ds ( mod]n ,*9ese pap] are made f ! bamboo1 :i* is soak$ & p\nd$ to a pulp4 ,see ,die ,erf9dung des ,papi]s 9 ,*9a1 von ,fri$ri* ,hir?4 ,publi%$ 9 ,vol4 ,i4 ( ! ,t'oung ,pao 7,april1 #ahij74 ,s4 ,j4 ,brille3 ,leide4 7,k9dly communicat$ by ,mr4 ,h4 ,a4 ,giles1 ,h4 ,b4 ,m4 ,consul at ,n+po1 au?or ( 8,a ,*9ese-,engli% ,diction>y40 c41 ?r\gh my fri5d ,dr4 ,alex&] ,prior ( ,p>k ,t]race1 ,n4 ,w41 & ,halse ,h\se1 ne> ,taunton47 #bjb 444 8! sci5ce ( palaeography1 :i* n[ /&s on q a diff]5t foot+ f :at x _h tw5ty1 or ev5 t51 ye>s ago4 ,in/ead ( beg9n+ practically 9 ! f\r? c5tury ( our era1 ) ! e>lie/ ( ! great vellum codices ( ! ,bible1 x n[ beg9s 9 ! ?ird c5tury be=e ,*ri/44440 ,*ur* ,qu>t]ly ,review = ,octob]1 #ahid1 p4 #ajd4 #bjc 444 8x is abundantly cle> t ! textual tradition at ab\t ! beg9n+ ( ! ,*ri/ian era is sub/antially id5tical ) t ( ! t5? or elev5? c5tury manuscripts1 on :i* our pres5t texts ( ! classics are bas$4 ,sett+ m9or diff]5ces aside1 ! papyri1 ) a v few exceptions1 repres5t ! same texts z ! vellum manuscripts ( a ?\s& ye>s lat]40 ,*ur* ,qu>t]ly1 pp4 #ih1 #ii4 ,:at is "h repres5t$ z unque/ionably ! case z reg>ds ,classical manuscripts is inde$ m ?an :at ,i claim = manuscripts ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,! ,cursives 7 9 great measure successors ( papyri4 #bjd ,introduction1 p4 #af4 ,he began x 9 ! ye> #ahec1 & z x appe>s *iefly ^u ,la*mann's f\ndation4 #bje ,by ! ,editor4 #bjf ,tis*5dorf's f\rte5 brief days' "w is a m>vel ( accuracy1 b mu/ n be expect$ to be free f all errors4 ,?us he wrongly gives in/ead ( 1 z ,v]cellone po9t$ out 9 8 ,preface to ! octavo ed4 ( ,mai 9 #ahei1 & z may be se5 9 ! photographic copy ( ,b4 #bjg ,cf4 ,scriv5]'s ,introduction1 7#d? ed47 ,,ii4 #bhc4 #bjh ,see ,ku55 & ,cobet's ,edition ( ! ,vatican ,b1 ,introduction4 #bji ,gregory's ,prolegom5a to ,tis*5dorf's #h? ,ed4 ( ,new ,te/am5t1 7,i7 p4 #bhf4 #baj ,see ,app5dix ,v4 #baa ,con/ant9e di$ 9 #ccg1 & ,con/antius ,,ii reign$ till #cfj4 #bab ,9 8 ,la/ ,twelve ,v]ses ( ,/4 ,m>k1 pp4 #bia-d1 ,dean ,burgon argu$ t a lapse ( ab\t half a c5tury divid$ ! date ( f t ( ,b4 ,b x seems t aft]w>ds he surr5d]$ ! op9ion :i* he embrac$ on ! fir/ appe>ance ( 9 fav\r ( ! conclusion adopt$ by ,tis*5dorf & ,scriv5] & o!r exp]ts1 9 consequ5ce ( _! id5tify+ ! writ+ ( ! six conjugate leaves ( ) t ( ! scribe ( ,b4 ,see above1 pp4 #df1 #eb4 #bac ,! ,revision ,revis$1 p4 #bib4 #bad ,! above passage1 includ+ ! la/ p>agraph1 is f ! p5 ( ! ,dean4 #bae ,see above1 ,introduction1 p4 #b4 #baf ,x is rem>kable t ,con/ant9e 9 8 ,semi-,arian days appli$ to ,eusebius1 :il/ ! or?odox ,con/ans s5t a simil> ord] aft]w>ds to ,a?anasius4 ,apol4 ad ,con/4 #d 7,montfaucon1 ,vita ,a?an4 p4 xxxvii71 ap4 ,wordswor?'s ,*ur* ,hi/ory1 ,vol4 ,,ii4 p4 #de4 #bag ,see ,canon ,cook's +5i\s argum5t4 ,^? ,,mss4 are h&some en\gh = an imp]ial ord]4 ,! objection ( my fri5d1 ! late ,ar*deacon ,palm] 7,scriv5]'s ,introduction1 ,i4 #aai1 note71 :i* ,i too ha/ily adopt$ on o!r gr\nds also 9 my ,textual ,guide1 p4 #hb1 note #a1 w n /&1 because _c mean 8collections ( writ+s10 b simply1 accord+ to ! frequ5t usage ( ! ^w 9 ! e>ly ages ( ! ,*ur*1 8vellum manuscripts40 ,! difficulty 9 translat+ 8( ?ree or f\r columns 9 a page0 is n insup]able4 #bah ,scriv5]1 ,vol4 ,,ii4 #bfi 7#d? ed474 #bai ,scriv5]1 ,vol4 ,i4 #ee 7#d? ed474 #bbj ,! colophon is giv5 9 full by ,wilhelm ,b\sset 9 a numb] ( ! well-kn[n 8,texte und ,unt]su*ung510 edit$ by ,osc> von ,gebh>dt & ,adolf ,h>nack1 entitl$ 8,textkritis*e ,/udi5 zum ,neu5 ,te/am5t10 p4 #de4 ,,ii4 ,d] ,kodex ,pamphili1 #ahid1 to :i* my notice 0 k9dly drawn by ,dr4 ,s&ay4 #bba ,mill]'s ,scriv5]1 ,i4 #ahc-d4 ,by ,eu?alius1 ! ,deacon1 aft]w>ds ,bp4 ( ,sulci4 #bbb ,introduction1 p4 #bfg4 ,dr4 ,hort controv]ts ! notion t ,b & 7 writt5 at ,alex&ria 7n ,caes>ea71 :i* no "o n[ ma9ta9s4 #bbc ,by ! ,dean4 #bbd ,see ,app5dix ,,iv1 & ,revision ,revis$1 p4 #acb4 ,orig51 c4 ,celsum1 ,praef4 ii4 #d2 ,comm5t4 9 ,john ix4 ,foll[$ "h only by 994 #bbe ,see ,la/ ,twelve ,v]ses1 pp4 #ic-ii4 ,also pp4 #ff1 note1 #he1 #ajg1 #bce4 #bbf ,migne1 viii4 #if d4 4 1 1 2 1 2 4 ,?is spe$ily assum$ ! =m ( a s*olium1 z foll[s3-- 1 2 1 3--:i* is quot$ by ! le>n$ ,b5$ict9e editor ( ,orig5 9 ,m4 iv4 #dja 7at top ( ! left h& column71--evid5tly f ,coisl4 #bc1 our ,evan4 #ci1--s9ce ! words are f\nd 9 ,cram]1 ,cat4 ii4 #aia 7l9e #a-c74 #bbg ,orig51 i4 #bfe2 coll4 #a4 #bbg1 #bef4 #bbh ,orig51 ,comm5t4 9 ,john vi4 #bbi ,! ^w is actually translit]at$ into ,syriac lett]s 9 ! ,pe%itto4 #bcj ,see ,! ,revision ,revis$1 pp4 #ceh-fa4 #bca vii4 #eb4 #bcb vii4 #dah4 #bcc ,a "n by :i* ,orig5 0 kn[n4 #bcd ,imbecillitatem virium me>um s5ti5s1 ,orig5is ,comm5t>ios sum sequatus4 ,scripsit ille vir 9 epi/olam ,pauli ad ,galatas qu9que proprie volum9a1 et decimum ,/romatum suorum librum commatico sup] explanatione ejus s]mone complevit4--,praefatio1 vii4 #cgj4 #bce iii4 #eji-aj4 #bcf #fhf-g4 #bcg vii4 #aag-bj4 #bch vii4 #ecg seq4 #bci ,i endeav\r 9 ! text to make ! matt] 9 h& intelligible to ! ,engli% read]4 ,b su* ?+s c sc>cely be expla9$ 9 ,engli% )\t m words ?an ! po9t is wor?4 ,orig5 says3-- 7,matt4 xiv4 #ai71 4 7 7ix4 #ad7 1 2 7vi4 #ci71 1 1 27 1 4 iii4 #eji f1 #eaj a4 #bdj ,! only o!r witnesses are f ,evan4 #a1 #cc1 & ! lo/ ar*etype ( #ac1 #abd1 #cdf4 ,! ,v]sions d n di/+ui% c]ta9ly betwe5 & 4 ,*ryso/om1 ! only ,fa!r :o quotes ?is place1 exhibits 444 7vii4 #eci c74 #bda ,lectio ab omni p>te comm5datur1 et a correctore ali5issima3 ab usu e/ ,johannis1 s$ elegantius videbatur vel 4 #bdb ,luke iv4 #h4 #bdc 2 1 2 4 1 1 2 4 iii4 #edj4 ,i believe t ,orig5 is ! sole cause ( ! p]plexity4 ,comm5t+ on ,matt4 xvi4 #bc 7! words address$ to ,simon ,pet]71 he expla9s t !y are a rebuke to ! ,apo/le = hav+ = a "t at ,satan's in/igation desi/$ f foll[+ ,him4 ,comp4 7he says7 ^! words spok5 to ,pet] 74 4 47 ) ^? address$ to ,satan at ! temptation )\t ! 8= to be beh9d ,*ri/ is a good ?+40 444 ,i suppose he _h be=e him a ,,ms4 ( ,/4 ,mat41 )\t ! 4 ,?is gloss is ref]r$ to by ,victor ( ,antio* 7#agc ,cat4 ,poss41 i4 #cdh ,cram]74 ,x is ev5 repeat$ by ,j]ome on ,matt4 vii4 #ba d e3 ,non ut pl]ique putant edem ,satanas et ,apo/olus ,petrus s5t5ti condemnantur4 ,petro enim dicitur1 8,vade retro me1 ,satana20 id e/ 8,sequ]e me1 qui contr>ius es voluntati meae40 ,hic v]o audit1 8,vade ,satana30 et non ei dicitur 8retro me10 ut subaudiatur1 8vade 9 ignem aet]num40 ,vade ,satana 7,ir5aeus1 #gge1 also ,hil>y1 #fbj a74 ,pet] ,alex1 has 1 1 ap4 ,r\?1 ,reliqq4 iv4 #bd 7on p4 #ee74 ,audi]at diabolus a ,dom9o1 ,rec$e ,sa?anas1 sc&alum mihi es4 ,scriptum e/1 ,dom9um ,deum tuum adorabis et illi soli s]vies1 ,t]tullian1 ,scorp4 c4 #ae4 2 2 2 1 4--,epi/4 ad ,philipp4 c4 xii4 ,ignat4 ,int]pol4 ,accord+ to "s ,critics 7,tis*41 ,treg41 ,w4-,hort7 !re is no 4 9 ,lu4 iv4 #h1 & only 4 9 ,matt4 iv4 #aj1 s t occurs 9 nei!r acc\nts ( ! temptation4 ,b ,i believe 4 is ! correct read+ 9 bo? places4 ,ju/9 ,m4 ,tryph4 ii4 #ceb4 ,orig5 int]p4 ii4 #acb b 7,vade retro71 s ,ambrose1 i4 #fga2 s ,j]ome1 vi4 #hji e2 r$i retro ,s41 ,aug4 iv4 #dg e2 r$i po/ me ,s41 ,aug4 iii4 #hdb g4 ,!odoret1 ii4 #afjh4 ,s ,maximus ,taur41 ,vigil4 ,tapa4 ,vade retro ,s4 ap4 ,sabatti]4 8,vade po/ me ,satana4 ,et s9e dubio ire po/ ,deum s]vi e/40 ,et it]um quod ait ad ilium1 8,dom9um ,deum tuum adorabis1 et ipsi soli s]vies40 ,ar*elaus et ,man4 disput4 7,r\?1 ,reliqq4 v4 #abj71 ,a4,d4 #bgg4 ,/4 ,antony ! monk1 apud ,a?anas4 8,vita ,ant40 i4 #hbd c d 7 ,gall&4 iv4 #fdg a74 ,a4,d4 #cjj4 ,retro vade ,satana1 ps4-,tatian 7,lu471 #di4 ,a?anasius1 i4 #bgb d1 #ecg c1 #ehi f4 ,ne/orius ap4 ,m>ium ,m]c4 7,gall&4 viii4 #fdg c7 ,vade retro ,s4 b only ,vade ,s4 viii4 #fca c4 ,idatius 7,a4,d4 #che7 apud ,a?anas4 ii4 #fje b4 ,*rys4 vii4 #agb bis 7,matt47 ,j4 ,damasc5e1 ii4 #dej4 ps4-,*rys4 x4 #gcd1 #gcg4 ,opus ,imp]f4 ap4 ,*rys4 vi4 #dh bis4 ,apocryphal ,acts1 ,tis*4 p4 #bej4 #bdd ,see v]4 #dd4 #bde ,/4 ,john viii4 #dj2 xv4 #ae4 #bdf ,orig41 ,euseb41 ,epiph41 bo? ,cyrils1 ,didymus1 ,basil1 ,*ryso/om4 #bdg ,= ! sceptical passages 9 ,b & see ,app5dix ,v4 #bdh ,by ! ,editor4 #bdi ,eusebius 7,hi/4 ,eccles4 iii4 #be7 divides ! writ+s ( ! ,*ur* into ?ree classes3-- #a4 ,! ,receiv$ ,books 771 i4e4 ! ,f\r ,gospels1 ,acts1 ! ,f\rte5 ,epi/les ( ,/4 ,paul1 #a ,pet]1 #a ,john1 & ! ,revelation 7874 #b4 ,d\btful 771 i4e4 ,james1 #b ,pet]1 #b & #c ,john1 ,jude 7cf4 ii4 #bc f9474 #c4 ,spuri\s 771 ,acts ( ,/4 ,paul1 ,%eph]d ( ,h]mas1 ,revelation ( ,/4 ,pet]1 ,epi/le ( ,b>nabas1 ! s-call$ 1 ,revelation ( ,/4 ,john 7874 ,?is division appe>s to ne$ confirmation1 if x is to be tak5 z repres5t+ ! g5]al op9ion ( ! ,*ur* ( ! "t4 #bej ,see ,we/cott1 ,canon1 c4 pp4 #dca-i4 #bea ,see p>ticul>ly ,haddan's ,rema9s1 pp4 #beh-bid1 ,scots on ! ,cont95t4 ,! sacrifice ( t capable s*ol> & excell5t *ur*man at a comp>atively e>ly age to ! toil :i* 0 unavoidable "u want ( enc\ragem5t ( ability & g5ius has entail$ a loss ^u sacr$ le>n+ :i* c h>dly be ov]-e/imat$4 #beb ,! read] is n[ 9 ! ,dean's h&s4 ,see ,mr4 ,r5del ,h>ris' +5i\s & sugge/ive 8,/udy ( ,codex ,bezae0 9 ! ,cambridge ,texts & ,/udies1 & ,dr4 ,*ase's 8,! ,old ,syriac ,elem5t 9 ! ,text ( ,codex ,bezae40 ,b we mu/ demur to ! expression 8,old ,syriac40 #bec ,introduction1 p4 #adi4 #bed ,! same :olesale corruption ( ! deposit prevails 9 :at foll[s1 viz4 ! heal+ ( ! p>alytic borne ( f\r 7v4 #ag-bf71 & ! call ( ,/4 ,mat!w 7#bg-cd73 z well z 9 respect ( ! walk ?r\gh ! cornfields on ! ,sabba? day 7vi4 #a-e71 & ! heal+ ( ! man ) ! )]$ h& 7#f-aa74 ,inde$ x is cont9u$ to ! end ( ! call ( ! ,twelve 7#ab-ai74 ,! p>ticul>s are too _m to ins]t "h4 #bee 1 in/ead ( 4 #bef 1 4 #beg ,i4e4 a b c d e ff#a4b g#a4b h m n4 #beh ,scriv5]'s ,introduction1 ,i4 #acj 7#d? ed474 ,! read] w recollect ! sugge/ion giv5 above 9 ,*apt] ,,vii t "s ( ^! corruptions may h come f ! e>lie/ times be=e ! f\r ,gospels 7 writt54 ,! int]polation j notic$ may v well h be5 su* a survival4 #bei ,! numb] ( ! g5]ations 9 ,/4 ,luke's ,gospel is #ah4 #bfj ,num4 xxxiii4 coll4 xxi4 #ah1 #ai & ,deut4 x4 #f1 #g4 #bfa ,note1 t :]eas ! ( ,/4 ,matt4 i4 #aa is ,jehoiakim1 & ! ( v]4 #ab1 ,jehoia*91--,cod4 ,d writes !m respectively & 4 #bfb ,cureton's ,syriac is ! only kn[n copy ( ! ,gospels 9 :i* ! ?ree omitt$ k+s are f\nd 9 ,/4 ,mat!w's ,gospel3 :i*1 ,i suppose1 expla9s :y ! le>n$ editor ( t docum5t flatt]$ himself t he _h !re9 discov]$ ! lo/ orig9al ( ,/4 ,mat!w's ,gospel4 ,cureton 7,pref41 p4 viii7 %ews t 9 o!r qu>t]s also 7e4g4 by ,m> ,yakub ! ,p]sian1 usually kn[n z ,aphraates7 #fc g5]ations 7 reckon$ f ,adam to ,,jesus exclusive3 t numb] be+ obta9$ by add+ #bd ( ,/4 ,mat!w's names & #cc ( ,/4 ,luke's to ! #c names common to bo? ,evangeli/s 7viz4 ,david1 ,sala?iel1 & ,zorobabel72 & to ^!1 add+ ! #c omitt$ k+s4 ,! te/imony ( ,,mss4 is n altoge!r uni=m 9 reg>d to ! numb] ( names 9 ! ,g5ealogy4 ,9 ! ,textus ,receptus 7includ+ our ,,savi\r',s "n & ! "n ( ! ,div9e ,,au?or ( ,adam's be+7 ! numb] ( ! names is #gg4 ,s ,basil made x2 s ,greg4 ,naz4 & 8 namesake ( ,nyssa2 s ,j]ome & ,augu/9e4 #bfc 7,d--7 7,d 7 7,d 7 7,d 7 7,d 74 1 7,d omits ! =ego+ ?irte5 words7 7,d 7 1 7,d--7 7,d 4 47 7,d 7 7,d--7 7,d--7 7,d 7 7,d see above7 1 7,d 7 4 7,d 71 7,d 47 7,d 7 8 7,d 74 7,d 7 7,d 74 4 7,d see above47 444 7,d 4 47 4444 7,d 74 7,d 7 7,d 74 7,d 7 7,d 7 7,d-- 47 444 7,d 7 7,d 7 4 7,d 7 7,d 7 444 7,d 7 7,d 7 2 7,d 7 1 7,d 7 4 ,/4 ,m>k xv4 #dg-xvi4 #g4 #bfd ,s = example at ! end ( ! same passage 9 ,/4 ,luke1 ! difficult 7ii4 #b7 becomes 2 is *ang$ into ! simpl] 2 7ii4 #i7 aft] into 2 7ii4 #aj7 is ins]t$ be=e 4 #bfe ,yet n unfrequ5tly ! ,greek is unique 9 its extravagance1 e4g4 ,acts v4 #h2 xiii4 #ad2 xxi4 #bh1 #bi4 #bff ,cureton's ,syriac is closely alli$ to ,d1 & ! ,lewis ,codex less s4 #bfg ,see b c e f ff#b i l q ,vulg4 #bfh ,s b e g#b ,curetonian1 ,lewis4 #bfi ,/4 ,*ryso/om 7vii4 #hd4 d71 ,orig5 7iii4 #ijb4 d int471 ,victor ( ,antio* 7#cce7 ins]t ! 4 #bgj ,s too 7,,bcl4 #db7 = 7,/4 ,m>k vi4 #bf73 omit 7,,bc99,l4 six curs47 9 7iv4 #cf73 7,b99,c994 few curs47 = 7iv4 #ch73 7,,bc#b;,,dl4 few curs47 = 7xv4 #df73 799etc #f;,,bd99,l7 = 7,/4 ,luke i4 #di73 7c,b,c99,,klx99 few curs47 = 7,/4 ,john xiii4 #be73 c41 c4 #bga ,ow+ to diff]5ces ( idiom 9 o!r languages1 x is n repres5t$ "h 9 s mu* z a s+le anci5t ,v]sion4 #bgb 8,e/ enim (ficium in*o>e n>rationem40 ,hoogeve51 ,de ,p>tic4 ,cf4 ,prom4 ,v9ct4 v4 #fff4 ,see also ,/4 ,luke ix4 #dd4 #bgc ,dem4 ,ev4 #cbj b4 #bgd ii4 #eig3 #bgh4 #bge i4 #ajdj b4 #bgf viii4 #cad a3 7,eclog47 xii4 #fid d4 #bgg ,ap4 ,cyril1 v#b4 #bh a4 #bgh v#a4 #fgf e4 #bgi #cj b 7,gall4 xiii4 #aji d74 #bhj ,s1 9 ,g>ni]'s ,,mss4 ( ,basil ii4 #bgh a1 note4 ,also 9 ,cyril apud ,mai ii4 #cgh4 #bha ,s ,mill1 ,prolegg4 #acdf & #acfc4--;,beza says r\ndly1 8,quod pl]ique ,graeci codices scriptum hab5t 1 sane non intelligo2 nisi dicam r$und>e40 #bhb is exhibit$ by ! pr9t$ text ( ,basil ii4 #bgh a4 #bhc is f\nd 9 ,basil ii4 #afj b3-- 1 9 ,doro!us 7,a4,d4 #eif7 ap4 ,gall&4 xii4 #djc d3-- 1 9 ,*ryso/om iv4 #ecf a2 vi4 #adb d--7:]e "o ( ! ,manuscripts exhibits 74--,nilus ! ,monk has ! same read+ 7 71--i4 #bhj4 #bhd ,accord+ly1 is f\nd 9 ,orig5 i4 #dij b4 ,s also reads ! au?or ( ! s*olium 9 ,cram]'s ,cat4 ii4 #acc1--:i* is ! same :i* ,mat?aei 79 loc47 quotes out ( ,evan4 #bef4 ,& s ,cyril 7ap4 ,mai1 ii4 #ahj71-- 4--,eu?ymius 7,a4,d4 #aaaf71 comm5t+ on ! traditional text ( ,luke xviii4 #ad 7see ,mat?aei's ,praefat4 i4 #agg71 says 4 #bhe ,! is obvi\sly add$ by way ( int]pretation1 or to help out ! mean+4 ,?us1 9 ,orig5 7iv4 #abd d7 we meet ) 3--9 ,*ryso/om 7i4 #aea c71 3 & 9 ,basil ,sel4 7p4 #ahd c71 4 #bhf ,x is f\nd h[ev] 9 ps4-,*ryso/om 7viii4 #aai c73--9 ,antio*us ,mon4 7p4 #aajb ed4 ,migne1 vol4 #hi1 p4 #aegi c73 & 9 ,!ophylact 7i4 #dcc c74 ,at p4 #dce b1 ! la/-nam$ writes 1 4 #bhg ,introduction1 p4 #ace4 #bhh ,= all ?is section except ! e>ly "p ( 8#d0 ! ,editor is responsible4 #bhi ,see above1 p4 #fa1 note4 #bij #dha ( ! ,gospels3 f ,/4 ,saba1 n[ at ,/4 ,pet]sburg4 #bia ,! ,evangeli/>ia #aah1 #aib4 ,scriv5]1 ,introduction1 ,i4 pp4 #cce1 #cdj4 #bib ,scriv5]1 ,i4 ,app4 ,f1 p4 #cih994 ,( ^!1 #bje & #bji are probably f ! same orig9al4 ,burgon1 ,lett]s 9 ,gu>dian to ,dr4 ,scriv5]4 #bic ,i am n ( c\rse ass]t+ t any kn[n cursive ,,ms4 is an exact c\nt]p>t ( "o ( ! olde/ extant ,uncials4 ,nor ev5 t e read+ h[ev] extraord9>y1 conta9$ 9 ,codd4 ,b,d1 is also to be met ) 9 "o ( ! few ,cursives already specifi$4 ,b :at !n8 ,nei!r d any ( ! olde/ ,uncials conta9 all ! textual av\*+s discov]able 9 ! same ,cursives4 ,! ?+ ass]t$ is only ?is3 t1 z a rule1 e pr9cipal read+ discov]able 9 any ( ! five or sev5 olde/ ,uncials1 is also exhibit$ 9 "o or m ( ! ,cursives already cit$ or 9 o!rs ( !m2 & t g5]ally :5 !re is cons5t among ! olde/ ( ! ,uncials1 !re is also cons5t among ab\t z _m ( ! same ,cursives4 ,s t x is no exagg]ation to say t we f9d ourselves always conc]n$ ) ! jo9t te/imony ( ! same little h&ful ( ,uncial & ,cursive docum5ts3 & !re=e1 z 0 /at$ at ! outset1 if ! olde/ ( ! ,uncials _h nev] exi/$1 ! read+s :i* !y advocate w\ld h be5 advocat$ by ,,mss4 ( ! elev5?1 twelf?1 ?irte5?1 & f\rte5? c5turies4 #bid ,manuscript ,evangelia 9 =eign ,libr>ies1 ,lett]s 9 ! ,gu>dian f ,dean ,burgon to ,dr4 ,scriv5]1 ,gu>dian1 ,jan4 #bi1 #ahgc4 8,y w n be dat+ x too e>ly if y assign x to ! sev5? c5tury40 #bie ,! o!r uncials :i* h a t5d5cy to consort ) ,b & are ( e>li] date4 ,?us ,t 7,codex ,borgianus ,i7 ( ,/4 ,luke & ,/4 ,john is ( ! f\r? or fif? c5tury1 ,r ( ,/4 ,luke 7,codex ,nitri5sis 9 ! ,briti% ,museum7 is ( ! end ( ! six?1 ,z ( ,/4 ,mat!w 7,codex ,dubl95sis71 a palimpse/1 is ( ! six?3 ,q & ,p1 fragm5ts l ! re/1 are respectively ( ! fif? & six?4 #bif ,by ! ,editor4 #big ,above1 pp4 #hj-ha4 #bih ,hort1 ,introduction1 p4 #ace4 #bii ,*apt]s ,v1 ,,vi1 ,,vii4 #cjj ,v]cell43--,si scires tu1 quamquam 9 hac tu die1 quae ad pacem tuam4 ,s ,amiat4 & ,aur43--,si cognovisses et tu1 et quidem 9 hc die tu1 quae ad pacem tibi4 #cja ,mai1 iv4 #abi4 #cjb ,ibid41 & ,h4 ,e4 iii4 #g4 #cjc ,montf4 ii4 #dgj4 #cjd ,montf4 i4 #gjj4 #cje iii4 #cba2 int]p4 #igg2 iv4 #ahj4 #cjf i4 #bbj3 also ! ,vet4 int]p41 8,si cognovisses et tu40 ,& s ap4 ,epiph4 i4 #bed b4 #cjg iii4 #cba1 #igg4 #cjh ,evan4 ,conc4 #ahd1 #bjg4 #cji ,9 all #e places4 #caj ,mor4 ii4 #bgb b4 #caa #bje4 #cab ,9 ,luc4 7,syr47 #fhf4 #cac ,int4 iii4 #igg4 #cad iv4 #ahj4 #cae ,9 ,luc4 7,syr47 #fjg4 #caf ,9 _! usual high-h&$ way1 ^! editors assume1 )\t note or comm5t1 t ,b are to be foll[$ "h4 ,! 8,revis]s0 ( #ahha d ! same4 ,is ?is to deal hone/ly ) ! evid5ce & ) ! ,engli% read]8 #cag ,viz4-- 1 4 #cah ,viz4-- 4 #cai ,x is omitt$ by ,eus4 iv4 #abi1 ,basil ii4 #bgb1 ,cod4 ,a1 ,evann4 #ga1 #eaa1 ,ev/4 #bbb1 #bei4 ,= ! second /ill few] au?orities exhibit 1 :ile "s few 7z ,ir5aeus7 omit x altoge!r4 #cbj 8,hanc diem tuam4 ,si ergo dies ejus erat1 quanto magis et tempus ejus60 p4 #ahd1 & s #bjg4 #cba 8,hav+ be5 :olly unsuccessful 9 _! fi%+1 two ( !m1 seat$ on ! %ore1 7 occupy+ _! "t 9 wa%+1--& two1 seat$ 9 _! boat 444 7 m5d+--_! nets40 7,f>r>'s ,life ( ,*ri/1 i4 #bda-b47 ,! footnote app5d$ to ?is 8attempt to comb9e z f> z x is possible 9 "o cont9u\s n>rative0 ! 8acc\nts ( ! ,synopti/s10 is q a curiosity4 #cbb ,/4 ,luke v4 #e4 #cbc ,ibid41 v]ses #a1 #b4 #cbd ,/4 ,matt4 iv4 #ah-,/4 ,m>k i4 #af4 #cbe ,/4 ,luke v4 #c4 #cbf ,z 9 ,/4 ,matt1 xxvii4 #b1 #fj2 ,/4 ,luke v4 #d2 xiii4 #af2 ,/4 ,john xviii4 #bd2 xxi4 #ae2 ,acts xii4 #ag2 ,heb4 iv4 #h1 c41 c4 #cbg lavabant retia1 x4 vulg4 ,! "o kn[n exception is 7#a7 ! ,cod4 ,rehdig]anus ,,vii 7,tis*5dorf74 #cbh ,! same pair ( au?orities are unique 9 sub/itut+ 7= 7 9 ,/4 ,matt4 xxviii4 #ai2 i4e4 ! ,apo/les 7 to baptize p fir/1 & make !m disciples aft]w>ds4 #cbi ,c exhibit 3 ,a 7by f> ! pure/ ( ! five 8old uncials07 reta9s ! traditional text4 #ccj ,p4 #ich4 #cca ,s does ,aphraates1 a contempor>y ( ,b & 1 p4 #cib4 #ccb ,g54 xxv4 #h1 #ag2 xxxv4 #bi2 xlix4 #cc4 ,also ,j]4 xlii4 #ag1 #bb2 ,lam5t4 i4 #bj2 ,job xiii4 #ai2 ,ps4 ciii4 #cj4 #ccc #bfh1 #ffa4 #ccd #idb1 #iec 7,lat ,tr474 #cce #afb1 #cch 7,lat4 ,tr471 #fff4 #ccf ap4 ,phot4 #gia4 #ccg i4 #cec4 #cch iii4 #abj4 #cci i4 #hfa4 #cdj #bhj4 #cda i4 #ibj2 iii4 #cdd2 iv4 #bg2 vi4 #fjf4 #cdb vi4 #ebj4 #cdc i4 #hei b4 #cdd #c4 #ggb4 #cde ,mai1 #b4 #cdf i4 #eag4 #cdg #chh4 #cdh ,9 "o place ( ! ,syriac v]sion ( 8 ,homilies on ,/4 ,luke 7,luc4 #aaj71 ! read+ is pla9ly 3 b :5 ! ,greek ( ! same passage is exhibit$ by ,mai 7ii4 #aif1 l9e #bh-ch7 x is obs]v$ to be de/itute ( ! disput$ clause4 ,on ! o!r h&1 at p4 #eab ( ! ,syriac1 ! read+ is 4 ,b !n ! entire quotation is abs5t f ! ,greek orig9al 7,mai1 ii4 #cdi1 l9e #aa f bottom74 ,9 ,mai1 ii4 #chj1 ,cyril's read+ is c]ta9ly 4 #cdi ,eus4m>e #ccj1 -ps #bea 7--74 #cej ,cyrhr #bgj4 #cea e1 inducet vobis v]itatem omnem3 m1 diss]et vobis omnem v]itatem4 #ceb docebit vos omnem v]itatem 7ii4 #cja74 #cec ,cod4 am4 7:i* exhibits docebit vos 9 omnem1 c47 cle>ly confuses two di/9ct types4 #ced om4 4 #cee ,cyr4 ,alex4 iv4 #cdg2 v4 #cfi1 #eic4 #cef ,d1 4 #ceg ,s ,cod4 b1 d$ucet vos 9 v]itate omni4 ,cod4 c1 docebit vos 9 v]itate omni4 #ceh ,did4 #bgh1 #ddf1 #chh 771 #ddc 7--74 #cei ,epiph4 i4 #hih2 ii4 #gh4 #cfj ,bas4 iii4 #db 773 & s ,evan4 #bdi4 ,codd4 ( ,cyril ,alex4 774 #cfa ,*rys4 viii4 #ebg3 also #dfj1 #dfa 7--74 #cfb ,!od4ant #eda1 ap4 ,wegn4 #cfc ,cyr4 ,alex4txt iv4 #ibc3 v4 #fbh4 #cfd ,?dt4 iii4 #ae 74 4 474 #cfe ,t]t4 i4 #gfb1 #gfe1 #hhd2 ii4 #aa1 #ba4 ,hil4 #hje1 #iei4 ,j]4 ii4 #adj4 #ada4 ,!re are _m less] v>iants3--87diriget vos ,t]t4 i4 #hhd1 d$ucet vos ,t]t4 ii4 #ba1 ,v]cell4 vos d$ucet2 i4 #gfb vos ducet3 ,hil4 #hje1 vos diriget7 9 omnem v]itatem40 ,"s few 7z ,d1 ,t]t4 i4 #gfb2 ii4 #ba4 ,cod4 a1 ,did4 #chh4 ,?drt4 iii4 #ae7 prefix 4 #cff ,pet4 ,alex4 ap4 ,r\?1 p4 #i4 #cfg ,did4 #ee4 #cfh ,orig4 i4 #chg1 #chh4 #cfi ,cyr4 ,alex4 iv4 #ibe1 #ihf4 #cgj 4 ,l41 ,tr41 ,w4-,h43 4 ,t4 #cga ,introduction1 p4 #ace4 ,! re/ ( 8 judgem5t is unf\nd$ 9 fact4 ,con/ant & c>eful /udy comb9$ ) subtle appreciation w n reveal 8feebl5ess0 or 8impov]i%m5t0 ei!r 9 8s5se0 or 8=ce40 #cgb ,^! are ! ,dean's words to ! end ( ! p>agraph4 #cgc ,revis$ ,v]sion1 c41 pp4 #bje-bah4 #cgd ,introduction1 i4 #bib-ic4 #cge ,ephes4 v4 #cj4 #cgf #gah 7,mass4 #bid71 ,gr4 & ,lat4 #cgg ,9 loc4 ed4 ,swete1 ,gr4 & ,lat4 #cgh i4 #ie1 #bfg4 #cgi iii4 #bae b1 #baf a2 viii4 #bgb c2 xi4 #adg a b c d4 #chj ,ap4 ,cram]1 vi4 #bje1 #bjh4 #cha iii4 #dcd4 #chb 7,a4,d4 #efj71 #ajjd a1 #ajjg a4 #chc ii4 #aij e4 #chd ,ruf9us 7iii4 #fa c7 translates1--8quia membra sumus corporis ejus1 et reliqua40 ,:at else c ?is ref] to b ! v words 9 dispute8 #che ,ap4 ,gall&4 iii4 #fhh c3-- 2 4 ,& l[] d[n 7e1 & #fhi a73-- 1 1 1 1 2 1 4 ,f ?is x is pla9 t ,me?odius read ,ephes4 v4 #cj z we d2 al?\gh he _h be=e quot$ x 7iii4 #fad b7 )\t ! clause 9 dispute4 ,^? :o give _! m9ds to ^! /udies are soon made aw>e t x is nev] safe to inf] f ! sil5ce ( a ,fa!r t he disall[$ ! words he omits1--especially if ^? words are 9 _! nature p>5!tical1 or supplem5t>y1 or n absolutely requir$ = ! s5se4 ,let a %ort clause be beside 8 imm$iate purpose1 & a ,fa!r is z likely z n to omit x4 ,?is subject has be5 discuss$ else:]e3 b x is apt to ! matt] n[ 9 h& t ,i %\ld po9t out t ,augu/9e twice 7iv4 #big c1 #adch c7 closes 8 quotation ( ! pres5t place abruptly3 8,apo/olo dic5te1 ,quoniam membra sumus corporis ejus40 ,& yet1 else:]e 7iii4 #gid71 he gives ! words 9 full4 ,x is idle !re=e to urge on ! opposite side1 z if !re 7 any?+ 9 x1 ! anonym\s comm5tator on ,/4 ,luke 9 ,cram]'s ,cat4 p4 #hh4 #chf i4 #acaj b4 ,also ,ambrosia/]1 ii4 #bdh d4 #chg ,ap4 ,gall&4 vii4 #bfb e 7,a4,d4 #cgb74 #chh ,ibid4 #cad c4 #chi ,mai1 iii4 #adj4 #cij vii4 #fei b4 #cia ,see above1 end ( note #b4 #cib ,concil4 iv4 #ej b4 #cic ,hort1 ,introduction1 p4 #dj4 #cid ,ibid4 p4 #df4 #cie ,mill]'s ,scriv5]1 ,introduction1 ,i4 p4 #agg4 #cif ,introduction1 ,i4 ,app5dix ,f1 p4 #cih994 #cig ,introduction1 ,,ii4 #ccg1 note #a4 ,& = ,dean ,burgon's late/ op9ion on ! date ( see above1 pp4 #df1 #eb1 #afb4 ,! pres5t ,,ms41 :i* ,i h be5 oblig$ to abridge 9 ord] to avoid repetition ( mu* t has be5 already said1 0 "o ( ! ,dean's late/ productions4 ,see ,app5dix ,,vii4 #cih ,s9ce ,dean ,burgon's dea?1 !re has be5 reason to id5tify ?is set ( read+s ) ! ,syrio-,l[-,lat9 ,text1 ! fir/ orig9 ( :i* ,i h trac$ to ! e>lie/ times be=e ! ,gospels 7 writt5--by ,/4 ,mat!w1 ,/4 ,m>k1 & ,/4 ,luke1 & ( c\rse ,/4 ,john4 #cii ,s ) ,/4 ,a?anasius 9 8 e>li] days4 ,see above1 p4 #aai1 note #b4 #djj ,mill]'s ,scriv5]1 ,introduction1 ,i4 #ach4 #dja pp4 #b1 #aee4 #djb ,hort1 ,introduction1 p4 #b4 #djc ,hort1 ,introduction1 p4 #g4 #djd ,qu>t]ly ,review1 ,no4 #cfc1 ,july1 #ahie4 #dje ,/4 ,john xxi4 #i-ac4 #djf ,9 ,/udia ,biblica et ,eccles4 ,,ii4 vi4 7,g4 ,h4 ,gwilliam71 publi%$ two ye>s aft] ! ,dean's dea?1 w be f\nd a full description ( ?is =m ( sections4 #djg ,z f> z we "k at pres5t ab\t ,tatian's ,diatess>on1 he kept ^! occurr5ces di/9ct4--,,ed4 #djh 8,orig5es1 quum 9 caet]is libris omnes vic]it1 9 ,cantico ,canticorum ipse se vicit40--,hi]on4 ,opp4 iii4 #dii2 i4 #ebe4 #dji ,aft] quot+ ,luke xxiv4 #da1 #db 9 ext5so1 he proce$s1-- 2 7p4 #baj b73 & 1 4 7p4 #cda a74 #daj 1 444 4 ,&1 1 1--i4 #fbd a b4 ,see m conc]n+ ?is quotation bel[1 p4 #bdi note4 #daa ,epiph4 i4 #adc4 #dab ,ephr4 ,syr4 ii4 #dh e4 #dac ,or :oev] else 0 ! au?or ( ! fir/ ,homily ( ! ,resurrection1 wrongly ascrib$ to ,gregory ,nyss4 7iii4 #chb-ii74 ,hesy*ius 0 probably ! au?or ( ! second ,homily4 7,la/ ,twelve ,v]ses1 c41 pp4 #eg-i47 ,bo? are compilations h[ev]1 into :i* preci\s passages ( mu* old] ,fa!rs h be5 unscrupul\sly int]wov51--to ! inf9ite p]plexity ( e att5tive read]4 #dad ,apud ,greg4 ,nyss4 iii4 #cii d4 #dae ,epiph4 i4 #feb d4 #daf ,9 ,joanne legimus quod piscantibus ,apo/olis1 9 littore /et]it1 et p>tem assi piscis1 favumque com$]it1 quae v]ae resurrectionis indicia sunt4 ,9 ,j]usalem autem nihil horum fecisse n>ratur4--,hi]on4 i4 #hbe a4 #dag ,n f ,eusebius' ,qu4 ad ,m>9um app>5tly4 ,comp>e h[ev] ,j]ome1 i4 #hbd d ) ,eusebius 7ap4 ,mai71 iv4 #bie 7cap4 x74 #dah ,see ,la/ ,twelve ,v]ses1 c41 pp4 #ea-f4 #dai i4 #ddd b4 #dbj ,p4 #agb4 #dba iv4 #aajh c4 #dbb ,a?anas4 i4 #fdd3 1 4 ,?is passage reappe>s 9 ! fragm5t>y ,comm5t>y publi%$ by ,mai 7ii4 #ehb71 dive/$ only ( ! words 4 4--,! *>act]i/ic words 79 capitals7 d n appe> 9 ,epiphanius 7i4 #adc c71 :o m]ely says 1--confus+ ! place 9 ,/4 ,luke ) ! place 9 ,/4 ,john4 #dbc ,aug4 iii4 ,p4 #b1 #adc 7,a4,d4 #djj72 viii4 #dgb 7,a4,d4 #djd74 #dbd ,to ! #i specifi$ by ,tis*4--7,evann4 #ac1 #db1 #hh 7 71 #acj 7 71 #afa1 #cjj1 #cdf1 #djj1 #ejg71--;add ,evan4 #cc1 9 :i* ! words h be5 ov]look$ by ,tregelles4 #dbe 4--p4 #agd4 #dbf i4 #chd4 #dbg iii4 #dgg4 #dbh ,apud ,mai1 iv4 #bid1 #bie bis4 #dbi 8,ibi praet]ire non pot]at sc4 ,orig5es si 9 exemplis suis additam5tum rep]isset40 7,f ,tis*5dorf's note on ,luke xxiv4 #db47 #dcj iv4 #aajh b c4 #dca 1 4--,ibid4 d4 ,simil>ly 9 ! fragm5ts ( ,cyril's ,comm5t>y on ,/4 ,luke1 he is obs]v$ to ref] to ! incid5t ( ! piece ( broil$ fi% exclusively4 7,mai1 ii4 #ddb1 #ddc1 :i* reappe>s 9 ,p4 ,smi?1 p4 #gcj47 #dcb iii4 ,p4 i4 p4 #ea4 ,= ! honeycomb1 see iii4 ,p4 ii4 p4 #adc a3 viii4 #dgb d4 #dcc i4 #bae4 #dcd 8,favos po/ fella gu/avit40--,de ,coron1 c4 #ad 7i4 p4 #dee74 #dce ii4 #ddd a4 #dcf i4 #chd2 iii4 #dgg4 #dcg ,opp4 iii4 #icb-he3 ) :i* comp4 ,gall&4 xiv4 ,app5d4 #hc-ij & #ia-aji4 #dch ,cat4 7#afbh71 p4 #fbb4 ,cordi] translates f 8,v5et4 #did0 7our 8,evan4 #dff074 #dci ,:at foll[s is obta9$ 7,june #bh1 #ahhd7 by fav\r ( ,sig4 ,veludo1 ! le>n$ libr>ian ( ,/4 ,m>k's1 f ! ,cat5a on ,/4 ,luke's ,gospel at ,v5ice 7cod4 #did our ,evan4 #dff71 :i* ,cordi] 79 #afbh7 translat$ into ,lat94 ,! ,lat9 ( ?is p>ticul> passage is to be se5 at p4 #fbb ( 8 badly imag9$ & well-nigh useless "w4 ,! fir/ "p ( x 7 444 7 is occasionally f\nd z a s*olium1 e4g4 9 ,cod4 ,m>c4 ,v5et4 #bg 7our ,evan4 #baj71 & is already kn[n to s*ol>s f ,mat?aei's ,n4 ,t4 7note on ,luc4 xxiv4 #db74 ,! re/ ( ! passage 7:i* n[ appe>s = ! fir/ "t7 ,i exhibit = ! read]'s conv5i5ce p>allel ) a passage ( ,gregory ( ,nyssa's ,*ri/ian ,homily on ,canticles4 ,if ! au?or ( :at is f\nd 9 ! second column is n quot+ :at is f\nd 9 ! fir/1 x is at lea/ c]ta9 t bo? h resort$ to1 & are "h quot+ f ! same lo/ orig9al3-- 7sic7 2 1 2 2 ,transcrib]'s ,note3 ,! foll[+ two p>agraphs 7 side-by-side columns 9 ! orig9al4 2 2 2 1 4 ,,anon4 apud ,cord]ium 7fol4 #eh73 see above4 444 444 1 2 2 7444 1 47 1 4 ,,greg4 ,,nyss4 9 ,cant4 7,opp4 i4 a72 ! s5t5ce 9 brackets be+ transpos$4 ,q evid5t is x t1 besides ,gregory ( ,nyssa1 ,,hesy*ius 7or :oev] else 0 ! au?or ( ! fir/ ,homily on ! ,resurrection7 _h ! same orig9al be=e him :5 he wrote z foll[s3-- 1 1 4 4 1 1 4 7ap4 ,greg4 ,nyss4 ,opp4 iii4 #cii c d47 #ddj ,s ,mat?aei3 8,haec int]pretatio sapit +5ium ,orig5is40 7,n4,t4 iii4 #dih47 #dda 1--ii4 #bdj4 ,f ! fragm5t ,de ,resurrectione pres]v$ by ,john ,damasc5e1--ii4 #gfb;a4 #ddb ,see above1 note #a1 p4 #bdg4 #ddc ,see above1 note #a1 p4 #bdh4 #ddd i4 #fdd 7see above1 p4 #bdd1 n4 #g74 #dde i4 #fbd 7see above1 p4 #bdb1 n4 #c74 #ddf pp4 #baj1 #dca 7see above1 p4 #bdc74 #ddg i4 #feb d 7see above1 p4 #bdg74 #ddh i4 #hbe a2 ii4 #ddd a4 #ddi ,see above1 note #a1 p4 #bde4 #dej iv4 #aajh4 #dea ,apud ,gall&4 ix4 #fcc4 #deb ,v>im4 i4 #ef4 #dec ,apud ,greg4 ,nyss4 iii4 #cii4 #ded ,see above1 p4 #bdh1 note #f4 #dee 8,! words c\ld h>dly h be5 an int]polation40 7,al=d1 9 loc74 #def ,scriv5]'s ,introd4 ,,ii4 p4 #ceh4 #deg ,x is well kn[n t ,dean ,burgon consid]$ ,b1 1 & ,d to be bad manuscripts4 ,:5 ,i wrote my ,textual ,guide1 he 0 angry ) me = n foll[+ him 9 ?is4 ,be=e 8 dea?1 ! logic ( facts conv9c$ me t he 0 "r & ,i 0 wrong4 ,we came toge!r ^u indep5d5t inve/igation4 ,i f9d t ^? ,,mss4 9 disput$ passages are almo/ always wrong--ma9ly1 if n entirely1 ! au?ors ( our confusion4 ,:at worse c\ld be said ( !m8 ,& no?+ less w agree ) ! facts f our po9t ( view4 ,compromise on ?is po9t :i* might be amiable %r9ks ^u inquiry be=e a va/ array ( facts4--,e4 ,m4 #deh ,comp>e ,epiphanius 7i4 #adc c7 ut supra 7,ha]4 xxx4 c4 #ai7 ) ,ir5aeus 7iii4 c4 ii1 #i73 8,hi v]o qui sunt a ,val5t9o 444 9 tantum process]unt audaciae1 uti quod ab 8 non olim conscriptum e/ ,v]itatis ,evangelium titul5t40 #dei ,see above1 p4 #bdc4 #dfj ,!re is reason = ?9k+ t ! omission 0 an ,alex&rian read+4 ,egyptian asceticism w\ld be ali5 to s sweet a food z honeycomb4 ,see above1 p4 #aej4 ,! ,lewis ,cod4 omits ! words4 ,b x may be rememb]$ t x re/ricts ,/4 ,john ,bapti/'s food to locu/s 8& ! honey ( ! m\nta940--,e4 ,m4 #dfa 1 ,m>k xv4 #bc4 #dfb 1 ,matt4 xxvii4 #cd 7 ,luke xxiii4 #cg74 #dfc 1 1 ,john xix4 #bi4 #dfd ,matt4 xxvii4 #cd 7 ,luke xxiii4 #cg74 #dfe 1 ,matt4 xxvii4 #dh 7 ,m>k xv4 #cf74 #dff ,n s ! au?or ( ! ,syriac ,canons4 ,l ,eusebius1 he id5tifies 7#a7 ,matt4 xxvii4 #cd ) ,m>k xv4 #bc2 & 7#b7 ,matt4 xxvii4 #dh ) ,m>k xv4 #cf & ,luke xxiii4 #cf2 b unlike ,eusebius1 he makes ,john xix4 #bi p>allel ) ^! la/ ?ree4 #dfg ,! =m]1--pp4 #bhf-g3 ! latt]1--p4 #aig4 ,! ,cod4 ,fuld4 +5i\sly--8,et d$]unt ei v9um murratum bib]e cum felle mixtum0 7,ranke1 p4 #aed74 #dfh ,evann4 #a1 #bb1 #cc1 #fc1 #fi1 #gc1 #aad1 #abb1 #bji1 #bbb1 #bec1 #ejg1 #eac4 #dfi #g4 #dgj ,pp4 #ebf1 #fha 7,mass4 #bab1 #bgg74 #dga ,de ,spect4 writt5 ,a4,d4 #aih 7see ,cl9ton1 ,app4 p4 #dac71 c4 xxx4-i4 p4 #fb4 #dgb 8 #8,et d$]unt ei bib]o acetum et fel4' ,pro eo quod dulci suo v9o eos laetific>at1 acetum ei porrex]unt2 pro felle autem magna ejus mis]atio am>itud9em g5tium dulcem fecit40 ,evan4 ,conc4 p4 #bde4 #dgc ,celsus 1--writes ,orig5 7i4 #daf c d e71 quot+ ! blasphem\s language ( 8 oppon5t & refut+ x1 b accept+ ! ref]5ce to ! ,gospel record4 ,?is he does twice1 rem>k+ on ! second occasion 7i4 #gjc b c7 t su* z ,celsus are = ev] (f]+ to ,,jesus 8gall & v9eg>40 7,^! passages are unkn[n to _m critics because !y 7 ov]look$ by ,griesba*47--,else:]e ,orig5 twice 7iii4 #ibj d e1 #iba b7 recognizes ! same incid5t1 on ! second occasion contra/+ ! record 9 ,matt4 xxvii4 #cd ) t 9 ,m>k xv4 #bc 9 a way :i* %ews t he acc\nt$ ! places p>allel3--8,et hoc consid]a1 quod secundum ,mat?aeum quidem ,jesus accipi5s acetum cum felle p]mixtum gu/avit1 et noluit bib]e3 secundum ,m>cum autem1 cum d>etur et myrrhatum v9um1 non accepit40--iii4 #iba b4 #dgd ,lib4 i4 #cgd & viii4 #cjc 7assign$ by ,alex&] to ! age ( ,anton9us ,pius71 ap4 ,gall&4 i4 #cdf a1 #cie c4 ,! l9e 7 1 7 is also f\nd 9 ,montfaucon's ,app5dix 7,palaeogr4 #bdf74 ,sibyll4 lib4 i4 #cgd1 ,gall4 i4 #cdf a 1 2 ibid4 viii4 #cjc1 #cie c 444 2 quot$ by ,lactantius1 lib4 iv4 c4 #ah1 ,a4,d4 #cbj1 ,gall4 iv4 #cjj a 444 1 :i* is ! way ! l9e is quot$ f ! ,sibyl 9 ,montfaucon's ,app5dix 7,pal4 ,graec4 #bdf74 ,lactantius a little e>li] 7,gall4 iv4 #bii b7 _h said1--8,d$]unt ei cibum fellis1 et miscu]unt ei aceti potionem40 #dge ,ref]r+ to ! miracle at ,cana1 :]e 7viz4 9 p4 #ee7 ! /atem5t is repeat$4 ,evan4 ,conc4 p4 #bde4 ,see above1 note #e4 #dgf ,apud ,montf4 ii4 #fc2 ,cord]ii1 ,cat 9 ,luc4 p4 #eii4 #dgg ,! ,tractatus ii4 #cje b at ! end ( ! ,quae/t4 ad ,antio*um 7,a?4 ii4 #cja-f71 :i* is c]ta9ly ( ! date ( ,a?anasius1 & :i* ! editor pron\nces to be n unwor?y ( him 7,praefat4 ,,ii4 viii-ix74 #dgh ,opusc4 ed4 ,augu/i1 p4 #af4 #dgi ,cord4 ,cat4 9 ,ps4 ii4 #cic4 #dhj ,cord4 ,cat4 9 ,ps4 ii4 #dji4 #dha 1 4--i4 #fbd b 7:]e x %\ld be not$ t ! cont5ts ( v]ses #cd & #dh 79 ,matt4 xxvii7 are confus$74 #dhb i4 #dha a1 #ech d1 #fge b4 ,m pla9ly 9 p4 #fab e1-- 1 1 7 ,cat4 ,nic4 p4 #ghh74 #dhc ii4 #dh c1 #bhd a4 #dhd ,lib4 iv4 c4 #ah4 ,see above1 la/ page1 note #g4 #dhe vii4 #bcf c d1 quot$ next page4 #dhf 8,ref]tur etiam quod aceto potatus sit1 vel v9o myrrhato1 quod e/ am>ius felle40 ,ruf9us1 9 ,symb4 #bf4 #dhg vii4 #hai a b 7 ,cat4 ,nic4 p4 #gib74 ,see also a rem>kable passage ascrib$ to ,*rys4 9 ! ,cat5a ( ,nicetas1 pp4 #cga-b4 #dhh 8,jesus de felle una cum aceto am>itud9is libavit40 7,hom4 translat$ by ,au*] f ! ,arm5ian4--,v5ice4 #ahbg1 p4 #dce74 #dhi ,apud ,mai1 ,n4 ,bibl4 ,,pp4 iii4 #dee4 #dij ,apud ,mai1 ii4 #ff2 iii4 #db4 ,is ?is ! same place :i* is quot$ 9 ,cord4 ,cat4 9 ,ps4 ii4 #daj8 #dia ,apud ,gall&4 v4 #ccb4 #dib ,or ,acta ,pilati1 pp4 #bfb1 #bhf4 #dic ,p4 #he4 #did ,p4 #af4 #die ,cord4 ,cat4 9 ,ps4 ii4 #daj4 #dif p4 #hg4 #dig x4 #hbi4 #dih ii4 #hd1 #agh4 #dii ,cram]1 ,cat4 i4 #bce4 #ejj i4 #bbh1 #edi4 #eja vii4 #bcf c d4 #ejb ,/4 ,john i4 #a-c1 #ad2 xx4 #ca4 #ejc #a ,/4 ,john ii4 #ah1 #bb1 #bc2 iv4 #a1 #b1 #c1 #ae2 v4 #aj1 #aa1 #ab1 #bj2 #b ,/4 ,john v]4 #g1 #i1 #aj4 ,s ,/4 ,jude v]4 #d4 #ejd ,s ,a?anasius excell5tly3-- 1 1 2 1 4 1 1 2 2 is n an attribute or adornm5t ( 1 4--i4 #hge a4 ,s ,mac>ius ,magnes1 p4 #ac4--,see also bel[1 note #b1 p4 #bfb4 #eje ,s1 excell5tly ,cyril ,alex4 ,v4 #caj d1 ,suic]'s ,!saurus2 see ,pe>son on ! ,cre$1 on ,/4 ,matt4 xix4 #ag4 #ejf ,s ,m>cion 7ap4 ,epiph471-- 2 1 2 1 1 1 i4 #cci a4 ,note1 t x 0 ?us ,m>cion exhibit$ ,/4 ,luke xviii4 #ah1 #ai4 ,see ,hippol4 ,phil4 #bed1-- 2 4 #ejg ,s ,arius 7ap4 ,epiphanium71-- 1 1 2 4 i4 #gdb b4--,f ?is1 ,arius inf]r$ a sep>ate ess5ce3-- 4 i4 #ghj c4--,note1 t ?is %ews h[ ,/4 ,luke's ,gospel 0 quot$ by ! ,arians4 #ejh ,e4g4 ps4-,tatian1 ,evan4 ,conc4 #agc1 #agd4--;,ambrose1 ii4 #dgc e-#dgf d4--,gregory ,naz4 i4 #edi4--;,didymus1 ,tr94 #ej-c4--;,basil1 i4 #bia c4--,epiphanius1 i4 #ghj-a4--,mac>ius ,magnes1 #ab-ad4--,!odoret1 v4 #icj-b4--;,augu/9e is v eloqu5t on ! subject4 #eji ii4 #fhi4 ,see ! summ>y ( cont5ts at p4 #bha4 #eaj ,?us1 ,val5t9us 7ap4 ,clem4 ,alex471-- 1 444 ,/rom4 ii4 #dji4--;,h]acleon 7ap4 ,orig471-- 1 444 1 iv4 #aci b4--,ptolemaeus to ,flora 7ap4 ,epiphanium71-- 1 2 1 1 1 i4 #bba c4--,! ,m>cosian gloss 01-- 1 ap4 ,ir5aeum1 p4 #ib4--,! ,naass5es sub/itut$1-- 1 1 444 ap4 ,hippolyt4 ,philosoph4 #ajb4--,m>cion introduc$ ! same gloss ev5 into ,/4 ,luke's ,gospel1-- 1 ap4 ,epiphan4 i4 #cci d1 & comp4 #cae c4 #eaa 1 --,tryph4 c4 #aja vol4 ii4 #cdd4 #eab 8,unus tantum0 7ait7 8e/ bonus1 ,pat] qui 9 coelis e/40--,evan4 ,conc4 p4 #agc & on p4 #afi1--8,unus tantum0 7ait7 8e/ bonus03 a/ po/ haec non tacuit1 s$ adjecit 8,pat]40 #eac 2 7ap4 ,gall&4 ii4 #geb d74 ,& s at p4 #gei a & d1 add+-- 4 ,?is ref]5ce w be f\nd v9dicat$ bel[3 9 note #h1 p4 #bfi4 #ead ,= ! places 9 ,clem5s ,alex4 see bel[1 note #c1 p4 #bfc4--,! places 9 ,orig5 are at lea/ six3-- 2 1 i4 #bbc c1 #bgi a1 #ehf a2 iv4 #da d3 & ! la/ n9e words1 iv4 #fe d1 #adg a4--,= ! places 9 ps4-,tatian1 see bel[1 note #b1 p4 #bfc4--,! place 9 ! ,dialogus is f\nd ap4 ,orig4 i4 #hjd b3-- 2 --words assign$ to ,mege?ius ! h]etic4 #eae ,didymus1-- 2 p4 #ea4--;,& ,ambrose1--8,circumspectione coele/i non dixit1 ,nemo bonus nisi unus ,pat]1 s$ ,nemo bonus nisi unus ,deus0 ii4 #dgd b4--,& ,*ryso/om1--1 4 1 1 vii4 #fbh b3 quot$ by ,victor1 ,ant4 9 ,cat4 p4 #bbj4--;,& ,!odoret 7wrongly ascrib$ to ,maximus1 ii4 #cib1 #cif71-- 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 v4 p4 #ica4 ,epiphanius see ! ref]5ces above1 9 note #a1 p4 #bfa expressly m5tions t ?is unau?oriz$ addition 7to ,luke xviii4 #ah7 0 ! "w ( ! h]etic ,m>cion4 #eaf 8,dic5do autem #8,quid me vocas bonum1' op9ionem eius qui int]rogav]at suo responso refutavit1 quia i/e putabat ,*ri/um de hc t]r et sicut unum ex magi/ris ,israelit>um esse10--ps4-,tatian1 ,evan4 ,conc4 p4 #agd4--8;,dives p] adulationem honoravit ,filium 444 sicut hom9es sociis suis grata nom9a d>e volunt40 ,ibid4 p4 #afh4 #eag ,apol4 i4 c4 #af i4 #db1--quot$ bel[ 9 note #b1 p4 #bfe4 #eah 8,cui respondit1 #8,non e/ aliquis bonus1' ut tu puta/i1 #8nisi tantum unus ,deus ,pat]' 444 #8,nemo' 7sit7 #8bonus1 nisi tantum unus1 ,pat] qui e/ 9 coelis' ,evan4 ,conc4 p4 #afi4 #8,non e/ bonus1 nisi tantum unus' ,ibid44 #8,non e/ bonus1 nisi tantum unus qui e/ 9 coelis' p4 #agj4 #8,non e/ bonus nisi tantum unus' 0 p4 #agc4 #eai 2 1 1 p4 #ada4 ,& ov]leaf1-- 1 p4 #adb4 ,tis*5dorf admits ! ref]5ce4 #ebj i4 #cae b4 ,! quotation is giv5 bel[1 9 note #g1 p4 #bfi4 #eba ,praep4 ,evan4 #edb b2 ,ps4 #dbf d2 ap4 ,mai1 iv4 #aja4 #ebb 1 7p4 #ab74 #ebc ii4 #bdb e & #bgi e4 7,see also i4 #bia e & iii4 #cfa a47 #ebd vii4 #fbh b1-- 1 2 2 1 444 4 ,see also vii4 #cbi4 #ebe i4 #hge a4 ,! quotation is prov$ to be f ,/4 ,matt4 xix4 7#ag-ba7 by all t foll[s4 #ebf ii4 #fia d2 #fid b c4 ,see bel[1 note #aj1 p4 #bfg4 #ebg ,tr94 #ej1 #ea4 #ebh 8,nemo bonus nisi unus ,deus03--iv4 #chc c2 v4 #dhh b2 viii4 #ggj d1 #ggb b4 #ebi v4 ,p4 i4 #caj d1 & #cdf a 7 #fgb b74 #ecj v4 #ica-c4 ,note t ,ambrose1 ,didymus1 ,*ryso/om1 ,!odoret1 all f\r hang toge!r 9 ?is place1 :i* is pla9 f ! rem>k t is common to all f\r1 quot$ above 9 note #a1 la/ page4 ,!re is no?+ to %ew f :i* ,gospel ,nilus 7ii4 #cfb7 quotes ! words 1 2 4 #eca p4 #ajbh1 unequivocally4 #ecb ,ap4 ,*rys4 vi4 #acg d1 #ach b4 #ecc ,besides ^! positive te/imonies1 ! passage is quot$ frequ5tly z x is giv5 9 ,/4 ,m>k & ,/4 ,luke1 b ) no special ref]5ce4 ,surely "s ( ^! mu/ ref] to ,/4 ,mat!w8 #ecd ,= o!r in/ances ( ?is indiscreet zeal1 see ,vol4 ,,ii4 #ece ,b,,dl4 #a1 #bb1 #dgi1 ,ev/4 #e4 #ecf 2 1 2 4--,apol4 ,i4 c4 #af vol4 i4 p4 #db4 ,& s 9 ,tryph4 c4 #aja vol4 ii4 p4 #cdd1-- 2 2 444 #ecg 8,ad iudicem dives v5it1 donis dulcis l+uae eum capturus40 7,! ref]5ce1 !re=e1 is to ,/4 ,mat!w's ,gospel3 :i* is fur!r prov$ by ! quotation l[] d[n ( ! latt] "p ( v]4 #ag3 also by ! inquiry1--8,quid adhuc mihi dee/807 8,ille dives bonum eum vocavit40 8,dives ,dom9um #8,magi/rum bonum' vocav]at sicut unum ex bonis magi/ris40--,evan4 ,conc4 #afh1 #afi4 #ech ,ap4 ,ir5aeum1--p4 #ib4 ,see bel[1 note #b1 p4 #bfg4 #eci ,ap4 ,hippolytum1 ,philosoph4 #ajb4 ,see bel[1 note #c1 p4 #bfg4 #edj 7ap4 ,gall&4 ii4 #gei d3 comp4 #geb b74 ,= ! ref]5ce1 & its indication1 see bel[1 note #h1 p4 #bfi4 #eda ,comm5t4 9 ,matt4 xv4 79 loc74 #edb i4 #hge a1--cle>ly a quotation f memory ( ,/4 ,matt4 xix4 #ag1 #ah1 #ai1 #bj1 #ba4 #edc ,adv4 ,eunom4 i4 #bia e1-- 1 4 ,aga9 9 ii4 #bdb c1 & #bgi e1 expressly4 ,see also iii4 #cfa a4 #edd 1 1 2--,cate*4 #bii4 #ede iii4 #bif d 7c]ta9ly f ,/4 ,mat!w74 #edf 444 4--,contr4 ,eunom4 ii4 #fib b4 ,also 2 2 7ap4 ,mai1 iv4 #ab74 #edg 444 2 1--p4 #ab4 #edh vii4 #fbh b4 #edi lib4 iii4 #ejc4 #eej #iid c4 #eea ,ap4 ,sabati]4 #eeb vii4 #adg-h4 #eec iii4#a #gfa d2 iii4#b #hb d ibi enim et bonum nom9avit2 iv4 #abgi g2 v4 #aif g4 #eed ,ap4 ,sabati]4 #eee v4 ,p4 i4 #cdf a 7 #fgb b71-- 1 444 4 #eef 2--v4 #ica4 ,see note #a1 p4 #bfb4 #eeg ,magi/] bone1 quid boni faciam ut vitam aet]nam possideam8--7ap4 ,*ryso/4 vi4 #acg d1 #ach b74 #eeh 1 1 2 2 1 ,tryph4 c4 #aja1 vol4 ii4 #cdd4 ,& see ! place 7,apol4 i4 #af7 quot$ above1 note #b1 p4 #bfe4 #eei ,m>cosians 7ap4 ,ir5aeum71-- 1 1 1 2 1 p4 #ib4 ,no "o :o /udies ! "q w affect to d\bt t ?is quotation & ! next are f ,/4 ,mat!w's ,gospel4 #efj ,! ,naass5es 7ap4 ,hippolytum71-- 2 2 1 1 1 ,philosoph4 #ajb4 ,see ! rem>k 9 ! =m] note #e1 p4 #bfe4 #efa ,see bel[1 note #h1 p4 #bfi4 #efb 8,cur vocas me bonum1 quum 9 eo quod a me disc]e vis1 iu/us sim80--,evan4 ,conc4 p4 #afh4 ,& s 9 pp4 #agc1 #agd4 ,see above1 note #c1 p4 #bfe4 #efc ,?is is 9 fact a d\ble te/imony1 = ! difficulty _h be5 rais$ by ! hea!n philosoph] :om ,mac>ius is refut+4 2--pp4 #ab & #ac 7ed4 #ahgf74 ,see above1 note #f1 p4 #bfc4 #efd i4 #hge a4 ,see la/ page1 note #i4 #efe ii4 #bgi e4 #eff ,quid me vocas bonum8--#gjc4 #efg ii4 #fib d4 ,also ap4 ,mai1 iv4 #g1 #ab 7 74 #efh vii #fbh b4 ,! place is quot$ 9 note #a1 p4 #bfb4 #efi v4#a #cdf a 7 4447 p4 #fgb b4 #egj v4 #ica1--:i* cle>ly is a reproduction ( ! place ( ,*ryso/om 7vii4 #fbh b7 ref]r$ to 9 ! la/ note b "o4 ,read ! :ole page4 #ega ,ap4 ,*ryso/4 vi4 #acg d1 #ach b4 #egb 1 2 1 1 7b at ! end ( eight l9es1 ,orig5 exhibits 7l ! five au?orities specifi$ 9 note #h1 next page7 87 444 7b six l9es l[] d[n7 8 4--9 ,matt4 iii4 #ffd;ab4 ,& s p4 #ffe;c4 ,cf4 #fff;b4 #egc ,see above1 note #b1 p4 #bfa4 #egd ,see above1 note #b1 p4 #bfa4 #ege ,see above1 note #b1 p4 #bfa4 #egf a e ff#a omit bone2 b c f ff#b g#a-b h-q ,vulg4 ins]t x2 a b c e ff#a4 #b g#a h l ,vulg4 write de bono1 f q bonum2 a b c ff#a4 #b #a ,vulg4 write unus2 f g#a h m q nemo4 #egg ,see above1 p4 #adi4 #egh ,?is wild p]=mance is unique 9 its te/imony 7see bel[1 p4 #bgg74 ,cureton r5d]s ! text ?us3--8,:y aske/ ?\ me conc]n+ good8 = ,"o is good1 ,,god40 ,& ,mrs4 ,lewis ?us3--8,:y aske/ ?\ me conc]n+ ! good8 = ,"o is ! good "o40 #egi 8 1 4--i4 #cae;b4 #ehj 1 8 1 4 1 7ap4 ,gall&4 ii4 #gei d e74--,note1 ! ref]5ce is c]ta9ly to ,/4 ,mat!w's ,gospel1 z all t foll[s proves3 ! inquiry 9 v]4 #af 7by assimilation f ,luke xviii4 #ah7 be+ simil>ly exhibit$ 9 1 ,l1--,ir5aeus1 ,int4 p4 #bda2 ,orig4 iii4 #ffd;b2 ,cyril1 ,alex4 v4#a #caj;d2 ,basil1 ii4 #bgi;e2 & ,*ryso/om1 iii4 #ahb2 vii4 #fbg-h2 viii4 #bcd4 #eha ,eusebius-- 8 1 1--,praep4 ,evan4 #edb;b4--,! la/ sev5 words are also f\nd 9 ,ps4 7ed4 ,montf47 #dbf;d2 & ap4 ,mai1 iv4 #aja4 #ehb 1 1 2 1 8 4 7,note1 t all b ! la/ sev5 words exactly 1 ,l1 & ,basil1 ii4 #bgi;e47--,v4#a #caj;d4--,b else:]e 7also quot+ ,/4 ,mat!w7 ,cyril exhibits-- 444 2 4--,ibid4 p4 #cdf;a 7 p4 #fgb;b74 #ehc 8 1 4--p4 #ajbh4 #ehd ,magi/]1 quid boni faciam1 ut habeam vitam aet]nam4 ,cui ,dom9us1 ,quid me vocas bonum 7#gjc73--,unus enim bonus e/1 ait ,dom9us 7#dhi74 ,b else:]e1 ,magi/] bone1 quid boni faciam 7#iid;c74 #ehe ,magi/] bone1 quid boni faciam ut habeam vitam aet]nam8 ,qui dicit ei1 ,quid me int]rogas de bono8 ,unus e/ bonus ,deus8 4--vii4 #adg-h4 #ehf ,= 8bone10 see above1 note #ab1 p4 #bff3 = 8nemo10 c1 see note #ab1 p4 #bfc4 #ehg #a ,sam4 xiv4 #bj4 #ehh p4 #bii4 #ehi ,epiphanius i4 #cci;d1 & ,hippolytus ,phil4 #bed1 %ew t ,m>cion s read ,luke xviii4 #ai4--;,epiphanius i4 #gdb b quotes ,arius4 ,see ! words above1 9 notes #c1 #d1 p4 #bfj4 #eij ,six ,lectures on ! ,text 7#ahge71--p4 #acj4 #eia ,pla9 ,introduction 7ed4 #d71 ,,ii4 p4 #cbi4 #eib ,matt4 xix4 #bj ,m>k x4 #bj ,luke xviii4 #ba4 #eic iii4 #ffi cd4 #eid 444 1 2 4 1 1 1 4--iii4 #fgj a b4 #eie 1 1 444--iii4 #fga b4 #eif 1 1 1 4--iii4 #fga c4 #eig ,see above1 pp4 #aeb-d4 #eih ,w4-,hort1 p4 #bhg4 #eii ,s ,cureton r5d]s ,/4 ,luke xviii4 #ai4 #fjj 8,scriptum e/ 9 evangelio quodam quod dicitur secundum ,hebraeos1444 ,dixit ei alt] divitum3 ,magi/] quid boni faci5s vivam80--7,orig4 ,vet4 ,int]p4 iii4 #fgj47 ,i suppose ! m5tion ( 1 9 v]4 #af1 sugge/$ ?is4 #fja ,! ,m>cionite ,gospel exhibit$ 7,hippol4 ,phil4 #bed2 ,epiph4 i4 #cae c74--,comp4 ! ,clem5t4 ,hom4 7ap4 ,gall&4 ii4 #geb b1 #gei a d74 #fjb ,hammond1 quot$ approv+ly by ,scriv5]1--,i4 #cbh 7cd4 #d74 #fjc ,c4 ,r4 ,gregory's ,prolegom5a1 p4 #g4 #fjd ,pr9t$ ,text1 pp4 #acc-h4 #fje ,introduction 7#ahhc71--pp4 #egc-f4 ,also ,vol4 ,,ii4 7#ahid71 pp4 #cbg-i4 ,i did n z ,editor ?9k myself entitl$ to alt] ,dr4 ,scriv5]'s express$ op9ion4 ,e4 ,m4 #fjf ,x is "r to /ate t ,tis*5dorf ?\ght diff]5tly4 8,videtur illud huic quidem loco p>um apte illatum40 ,he c only br+ himself to admit t ! text _h be5 8jam ,ir5aei tempore nobili additam5to auctum40 ,he insi/s t x is absurd1 z well z at v>iance ) ! entire hi/ory ( ! sacr$ text1 to suppose t ! title 8,,son ,,( ,,god0 has "h be5 remov$ by unscrupul\s ,unbelief1 r ?an ?ru/ 9 by (fici\s ,piety4 #fjg v4 #aj2 vii4 #ag2 & 9 ! ,vulgate4 ,twice h[ev] 7viz4 i4 #caa & vi4 #ifi7 ,j]ome omits ! clause4 #fjh ,9 ,joan4 iv4 #ae1 #af4--,see also contra ,cels4 i4 #chi d e f1 :]e ,orig5 says ! same ?+ m briefly4 ,! o!r places are iv4 #abe & #dfd4 #fji 1 2 4 4 adv4 ,mani*aeos 7ap4 ,gall&4 v4 #fa74 #faj ap4 ,gall&4 v4 #cbi4 #faa i4 #bej4 #fab ap4 ,gall&4 iv4 #ee4 #fac p4 #db4 #fad ,a4,d4 #djj4 ,de ,sigill4 ap4 ,*rys4 xii4 #dab3-- 1 1 1 8 10 1 1 4 1 1 8 1 0 444 1 4 #fae i4 #dbg3-- 444 444 4 #faf i4 #ejf 7lib4 iii4 cap4 xvi74 #fag i4 #dfa 7lib4 iii4 cap4 x74 #fah ,midway betwe5 ! two places cit$ above1 ,ir5aeus %ews h[ ! f\r ,gospels may be sev]ally id5tifi$ ) ! f\r liv+ creatures describ$ 9 ! ,apocalypse4 ,he sees ! lion 9 ,/4 ,john1 :o says3 8,9 ! beg9n+ 0 ! ,^w3 & 444 all ?+s 7 made by him3 & )\t him 0 n any?+ made30 ! fly+ eagle 9 ,/4 ,m>k1 because he beg9s 8 gospel ) an appeal to 8! prophetic _s :i* comes d[n ^u m5 f on high2 say+1 #8,! beg9n+ ( ! ,gospel 444 z x is writt5 9 ! prophets4' ,h5ce ! ,evangeli/s' concise & elliptical mann]1 :i* is a *>act]i/ic ( prophecy0 7lib4 iii4 cap4 xi4 #h1 p4 #dgj74 ,su* quotations z ^! 7#ah words be+ omitt$ 9 "o case1 #e 9 ! o!r7 d n help u4 ,i d]ive ! above notice f ! s*olium 9 ,evan4 #bch 7,mat?aei's e1--,n4 ,t4 ii4 #ba72 ,curzon's 8#gc4 #h40 ,! lo/ ,greek ( ! passage 9 ,ir5aeus 0 fir/ suppli$ by ,grabe f a ,,ms4 ( ! ,quae/iones ( ,ana/asius ,s9aita1 9 ! ,bodleian 7,b>occ4 #bjf1 fol4 74 ,x is ! solution ( ! #add? ,quae/io4 ,b x is to be f\nd 9 _m o!r places besides4 ,9 ,evan4 #bch1 by ! way1 twelve m ( ! lo/ words ( ,ir5aeus are f\nd3 viz4 1 2 444 ,g]manus also 7,a4,d4 #gae1 ap4 ,gall4 xiii4 #bae7 quot+ ! place1 confirms ! read+ 1--:i* mu/ obvi\sly h /ood 9 ! orig9al4 #fai ,note1 t he actually reads 8,! beg9n+ ( ! ,gospel ( ! ,son ( ,god10--omitt+ ! words 8,,jesus ,,*ri/03 n1 ( c\rse1 z disall[+ !m1 b 9 ord] ! m effectually to emphasize ! ,div9e ,son%ip ( ,,messiah4 #fbj 7sc4 7 2 1 1 4444 1 1 1 2 4 ,?is is ! fir/ s*olium 9 ! ,cat5a z edit$ by ,poss9us1--p4 #f4 ,:at foll[s is a well-kn[n s*olium ( ! same ,cat5a1 7! fir/ 9 ,cram]'s ed471 :i* ,c4 ,f4 ,mat?aei 7,n4 ,t4 ii4 #bj7 pr9ts f six ( 8 ,,mss43-- 1 8 2 4440 #fba ,ap4 ,hi]on4 vii4 #ag4 #fbb vi4 #ccj dis]te4 #fbc ii4 #dac4 #fbd ,a4,d4 #hij4 ,de objectionibus ,mani*aeorum1 ap4 ,gall&4 xiii4 #ffg4 #fbe i4 #aebi d4 #fbf ,cons4 #ci4 #fbg ,e#b ( ! ,acts & ,ca?4 ,epp4 7,laudianus7 9 ! ,bodleian ,libr>y at ,ox=d1 ( ! six? c5tury4 #fbh ,?is obs]vation is due to ,dr4 ,salmon2 see ! ,note app5d$ to ,lecture ,,ix ( 8 ,hi/orical ,introduction to ! ,new ,te/am5t 7#e? edition1 p4 #adg74 #fbi ,?is fact 0 fir/ po9t$ out by ,dr4 ,gwynn 9 a memor&um communicat$ by him to ,dr4 ,scriv5]1 :o ins]t$ x 9 8 ,pla9 ,introduction to ! ,criticism ( ! ,new ,te/am5t 7#crd edition1 p4 xii2 cp4 #d? edition1 vol4 ,i1 p4 #id71 & ,i am indebt$ to ! same s\rce = ?is admirable amplification ( "p ( t memor&um4 #fcj ,a suffici5t facsimile ( ! page 9 "q 7#bi ro7 is giv5 by ,dean ,burgon 9 8 ,la/ ,twelve ,v]ses1 reproduc$ f a photograph4 #fca ,on ! contr>y1 9 ,tatian's ,diatess>on is left out & is translat$4 ,= ! ,curetonian1 see above1 p4 #bie4