,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer ,a ,weekly ,journal for ,,the ,,farm1 ,,orchard ,,and ,,fireside4 ,,established ,,in #ahda4 ,,entire ,,series ,,vol #ef--,no #ab4 ,,chicago1 ,,saturday1 ,,march #bb1 #ahhd4 ,,price #b4jj ,,per ,,year ,,in ,,advance4 ,transcriber's ,note3 ,the ,table of ,contents was originally located on page #ahd of the periodical4 ,it has been moved here for ease of use4 ,,the ,,contents ,,of ,,this ,,number4 ,,agriculture--,drainage and ,good ,husbandry ,page #agg2 ,plan for a ,flood ,gate1 #agh2 ,great ,corn ,crops1 #agh2 ,a ,charming ,letter1 #agh2 ,prairie ,roads1 #agh2 ,experiments with ,indian ,corn1 #agh2 ,specialty ,farming1 #agh4 ,,horticulture--,sand ,mulching of ,orchard ,trees1 ,page #ahb2 ,pear ,blight1 #ahb2 ,the ,black ,walnut1 #ahb4 ,notes on ,current ,topics1 #ahb2 ,prunings1 #ahb-ahc4 ,,floriculture--,some ,new ,plants1 ,page #ahc4 ,,our ,,book ,,table--,page #ahc4 ,,entomological--,insects in ,illinois1 ,page #agi4 ,,silk ,,culture--,osage for ,silk-,worms1 ,page #ahg4 ,,scientific ,,and ,,useful--,items1 ,page #ahg4 ,,literature--,the ,gentleman ,farmer 7,poetry71 ,page #aij2 ,frank ,dobb's ,wives1 #aij-aia4 ,,field ,,and ,,furrow--,items1 #agi4 ,,humorous--,items1 ,page #aia4 ,,poultry ,,notes--,chicken ,chat1 ,page #ahf4 ,,the ,,apiary--,spring ,care of ,bees1 ,page #ahf2 ,extracted ,honey1 #ahf2 ,southern ,wisconsin ,bee-,keepers' ,association1 #ahf4 ,,editorial--,items1 ,page #ahd2 ,lumber and ,shingles1 #ahd2 ,foot-and-,mouth ,disease1 #ahd2 ,premiums on ,corn1 #ahd-ahe2 ,the ,first ,unfortunate ,result1 #ahe2 ,questions ,answered1 #ahe2 ,wayside ,notes1 #ahe4 ,,young ,,folks--,little ,dilly ,dolly 7,poetry7 ,page #ahi2 ,uncle ,jim's ,yarn1 #ahi2 ,puddin ,tame's ,fun1 #ahi2 ,the ,alphabet1 #ahi2 ,what a ,child ,can ,do1 #ahi4 ,,live ,,stock--,items1 ,page #ahj2 ,polled ,aberdeen ,cattle1 #ahj2 ,grass for ,hogs1 #ahj2 ,a ,stock ,farm and ,ranch1 #ahj2 ,western ,wool-,growers1 #ahj2 ,the ,cattle ,diseases near ,effingham1 #ahj-aha4 ,,the ,,dairy--,camembert ,cheese1 ,page #aha2 ,few ,words and ,more ,butter1 #aha4 ,,compiled ,,correspondence--,page #aha4 ,,veterinary--,symptoms of ,foot-and-,mouth ,disease1 ,page #aha2 ,shyness and ,timidity1 #aha2 ,glanders1 #aha4 ,,household--,how ,he ,ventilated the ,cellar1 ,page #ahh2 ,an ,old ,roman ,wedding1 #ahh2 ,mr4 ,smith's ,stovepipe1 #ahh2 ,progress1 #ahh2 ,a ,family ,jar1 #ahh2 ,mouce ,trap and other ,sweetemetes1 #ahh2 ,a ,sonnet on a ,ronnet1 #ahh2 ,pleasantries1 #ahh4 ,,news ,,of ,,the ,,week--,page #aib4 ,,markets--,page #aib4 ,illustration3 ,,aberdeen-,,angus ,,bullock1 ,,black ,,prince4 ,owned by ,geary ,bros41 ,london1 ,ont4 ,drainage and ,good ,husbandry4 ,,by ,c4 ,g4 ,,elliott1 ,,drainage ,,engineer4 ,i4 ,the practical advantage of drainage as it appears to the casual observer1 is in the increased production of valuable crops4 ,ordinary land is improved1 and worthless land so far reclaimed as to yield a profit to its owner1 where once it was a source of loss and a blemish upon an otherwise fair district4 ,the land-buyer who looks for a future rise in his purchase1 recognizes the value of drainage1 being careful to invest his capital in land which has natural drainage1 or is capable of being drained artificially with no great expense1 if it is suitable for use as an agricultural domain4 ,the physician1 though perhaps unwilling1 is obliged to admit drainage as an important agency in the reduction of malignant diseases and much general ill-health among dwellers in both country and village4 ,our ,state ,board of ,health recognizes the influence of land drainage upon the healthfulness of districts where it is practiced4 ,the ,secretary of this ,board gives it as his opinion that even good road drainage would diminish the number of preventable diseases #be per cent4 ,such are now some of the impressions as to the value of drainage among those who judge from acknowledged effects4 ,that a great change has been brought about by this practice is apparent to the most superficial observer1 if he compares pre-drainage with the present4 ,a ,,few ,,facts4 ,the ,indiana ,bureau of ,statistics made an investigation about two years ago of the influence of tile drainage upon production and health in that ,state4 ,two periods of five years were selected1 one before drainage was begun1 and the other after most of the farms had been drained1 the area examined being one township in ,johnson county4 ,as near as could be determined1 the average yearly yield of wheat for a period of five consecutive years before drainage was nine and a half bushels per acre4 ,the same land and tillage after drainage in a period of five consecutive years produced an average of nineteen and one-fourth bushels per acre4 ,comparing the corn crops in the same way for the same time1 it was found that the average yearly yield before drainage was thirty-one and three-fourths bushels per acre1 and after drainage seventy-four and one-fourth bushels per acre4 ,in order to determine the influence of drainage upon health1 physicians1 who had1 during the same two periods of five years each1 answered all calls in cases of disease1 were asked to report from their books all cases of malarial fever4 ,it was found from this data that1 for the first period of five years before drainage1 there had been #a1dhj cases of malarial disease4 ,during the next five years under a pretty good system of drainage1 there were but #dij cases of such disease4 ,these facts show that drainage not only brings material prosperity to the individual1 but promotes the general healthfulness of the climate of that district1 in which all are interested and all enjoy4 ,it is a matter of note that the ,campagne about ,rome1 which in ancient days was the healthful home of a dense population1 is now afflicted with the most deadly fevers4 ,it is claimed by high authorities that this is due to the destruction and choking of the drains which in excavating are found everywhere1 but always filled and useless4 ,it will be readily seen that this subject has at least two important bearings upon our prosperity1 and though in considering and perfecting general farm drainage1 the effect upon health may be manifested without effort being put forth in that direction1 yet it should always be kept in mind and receive that consideration which it deserves4 ,,drainage ,,and ,,fancy ,,farming4 ,it is thought by many who have not yet tested the value of tile drainage1 that it is one of those luxuries often indulged in by so-called fancy farmers4 ,by such farmers is meant those who farm for pleasure rather than for profit2 those who raise wheat which costs them #a per bushel1 but which is worth only eighty cents on the market2 those who raise beef at a cost of ten cents per lb4 and sell it for six cents per lb42 in short1 they are men 7and there are many of them7 who receive their income from some other source1 and cultivate a farm for recreation4 ,that drainage properly belongs to this class of farmers is a mistaken notion1 as hundreds of thrifty1 money-making farmers in the ,west would prove1 could they now give their experience4 ,in the example previously given1 drainage increased the production of wheat and corn fully #ajj per cent1 which was a township report for five years4 ,in order to emphasize these statements1 we will insert a few practical examples communicated to the ,drainage ,journal during last year4 ,geo4 ,p4 ,robertson3 ,one ten-acre field failed to produce anything except a few small ears4 ,i drained it1 and have cropped it for eight years successively1 and have paid time and again for husking #ajj bushels of corn per acre4 ,mr4 ,losee1 ,norwich1 ,canada1 says that as a matter of actual test1 his underdrained land yields one-third larger crops than his undrained fields1 although the same treatment in other respects is applied1 and the land is of the same character throughout4 ,the average wheat yield of his undrained land is twenty bushels per acre1 while the drained fields yielded an average of thirty bushels4 ,as the cost of draining on his farm is estimated at #bj per acre1 this preparation of the soil pays for itself in two years4 ,horton ,ferguson1 ,indiana3 ,the swamp contained twenty-seven acres1 and was regarded by all neighbors as utterly worthless except for hunting grounds4 ,mr4 ,ferguson1 who has great faith in underdraining1 determined to undertake to reclaim the land1 confident if successfully done1 it would be a paying investment4 ,last year he tile drained and grubbed it1 paying customary rates for all the labor and tile1 and this year put it in corn1 with the following result3 ,dr4 ,cr4 ,tile used for #bg acres #edd #hg ,paid for ditching #hh #jj ,expense for clearing and grubbing #bge #jj ------- ,total expense #ijg #hg -------- ,by #b1ecj bushels of corn at #ej cents #a1bfe #jj ,the land proved to be remarkably rich1 having produced1 as shown1 ninety bushels to the acre1 and ,mr4 ,f4 assures us that several acres exceeded #ajj bushels to the acre4 ,it will thus be observed that he realized the first year of cultivation enough to pay the entire expense of reclaiming and had #ceg4ac left to pay on the crop expense4 ,next season1 if favorable1 he expects a still better yield4 ,every farmer knows that1 in these times of easy transportation1 profits do not depend so much upon the price his product brings in the market as upon the quantity he has to dispose of4 ,in other words1 abundant crops are the farmer's source of income4 ,there is evidence enough at hand to justify the statement that of all improvements put upon farms containing wet land valued at #dj per acre and upwards1 drainage pays the largest profit for the outlay4 ,just what this profit will be will depend upon the soil drained1 the necessary cost required to improve it1 and the use and management of it after it is drained4 ,all of these things vary so that each case must be considered by itself4 ,drainage is simply a necessary part of good husbandry which merits the careful consideration of all thinking farmers4 ,plan for a ,flood ,gate4 ,to maintain a fence across a water course1 is one of the trials and tribulations of the farmer4 ,after a heavy rain1 generally fences in such places are either badly damaged or entirely washed away4 ,having been troubled this way for years1 ,i have hit upon the following plan1 which1 after two years' trial ,i find to be a success4 ,a stick of timber1 three or four inches in diameter1 is placed where the gate is needed1 and fastened down with stakes1 driven slanting1 on each side1 the tops of the stakes lapping over the piece so as to hold it securely1 and driven well down1 so as not to catch the drift1 but allowing the piece to turn freely2 inch and half holes are bored in the piece and uprights are fitted in them2 the material of which the gate is made is fastened to these uprights4 ,a light post is driven on the lower side and the gate fastened to it4 ,this will keep the gate in place in any ordinary flood1 but when a ,noah comes along1 it turns down on the bottom of creek1 and waters and drifts pass over it4 ,when the water subsides all that is necessary to do is to turn the gate back to its upright position4 ,if the gate is not needed during the winter1 it is better to lay it down and let it remain in that position until spring1 for if it is fastened with the post in an upright position1 it will be broken with the spring floods4 ,a4 ,e4 ,b4 ,,carthage1 ,,ill4 ,great ,corn ,crops4 ,it having been mentioned in the ,iowa ,state ,register some weeks ago that ,mr4 ,hezekiah ,fagan1 of ,polk county1 in that ,state1 had once grown one hundred and fifty-eight bushels of corn per acre1 a son of ,mr4 ,fagan writes the following regarding the kinds of corn1 the ground1 and the manner of cultivation3 ,father's farm joined ,brown's ,park on the north and run a mile north2 the corn was raised where the old orchard now is2 it was part prairie and part brush land1 and was about the third crop4 ,the ground was plowed in the spring1 harrowed and marked out with a single shovel both ways1 the rows being four feet apart each way4 ,the corn was dropped by hand and covered with a hoe1 and left without harrowing until large enough to plow1 and was plowed twice with single shovel1 and once with the two horse stirring plow and hilled up as high as possible1 and hoed enough to keep clean4 ,the seed was from corn father brought from ,rockville1 ,ind41 with him when he moved to ,des ,moines1 in the spring of #ahdh1 and was of the large1 yellow variety which matured then and matures now with anything like a good season1 and ,i verily believe that with as good ground and as good treatment and as much care in having every hill standing1 and from three to four stalks in every hill1 that the amount might be raised again1 if it was over #aej bushels per acre1 and ,i must say that ,i have never seen a large variety of corn that suited me so well1 that would yield so much1 or mature so well1 and if any ,iowa farmer will come and look at my crib of corn of this year's raising1 and if he will say he can show a better average ear raised on similar ground1 with similar treatment1 ,i would like to speak for a few bushels for seed at almost any price1 and ,i will not except the much-puffed ,leaming variety4 ,the young man adds that his advice to ,iowa farmers is1 to raise big horses1 big cattle1 big hogs1 big corn1 and big grass1 and if the profits are not big1 too1 they had better make up their minds farming isn't their forte1 and go at something else4 ,being desirous of knowing something of his big corn yield we wrote to ,mr4 ,clarkson1 of the ,register1 for further information1 and received the following reply3 ,,dear ,,sir3 ,yours of the #gth inst41 relative to the ,fagan corn received4 ,the corn raised by ,hezekiah ,fagan was thirty years ago1 and he received the premium for it at the ,iowa ,state ,fair in #ahed4 ,the only facts ,i have relative to it are in the published proceedings of the ,state ,agricultural ,society4 ,it states that he raised in ,polk county1 ,iowa1 on five acres1 at the rate of #aci-a_/b bushels per acre1 shelled corn4 ,the whole1 shelled1 measured #fig-a_/b bushels1 but weighed1 it made #aea bushels and fifty-three pounds per acre4 ,at the same fair1 ,j4 ,w4 ,inskip exhibited1 with all of the necessary proofs1 #acf bushels per acre4 ,i think there was no mistake in these matters1 as great care was taken to have statement correct2 it is to this crop which his son refers in a late number of the ,register4 ,yours truly1 ,c4 ,f4 ,,clarkson4 ,,des ,,moines1 ,,iowa4 ,a ,charming ,letter4 ,at the head of the agricultural department in ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer ,i notice a standing invitation1 viz43 ,farmers1 write for your paper4 ,all right6 ,now1 if you will just move up a little ,i'll take a seat in your ,communicative ,association4 ,we1 that is my wife and myself1 eagerly read and discuss the interesting articles with which ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer is replete every week1 and many are the practical hints that we have found therein4 ,it is not strange that1 in the heart of a new country with vast undeveloped resources and unlimited possibilities1 a young farmer who has his fortune yet to make1 should be particularly enthusiastic4 ,tired of the atmosphere of the school-room1 fagged out by ten years of study and teaching1 and plainly seeing the improbability of being able to lay by enough for a rainy day or old age in this noble1 but as a rule1 unremunerative calling1 my mind involuntarily reverted back to my early life on the old homestead in ,illinois1 to substantials implied in that word1 and to its pleasant memories4 ,my mind was made up4 ,with my portion of the old homestead in my pocket1 ,i turned the key in the school-house door1 grateful for the experience and lessons of patience gained inside of it1 a friend of education1 and with a heart full of sympathy for the teachers of our public schools4 ,i came to the land of the ,dakotas once more to break the stubborn glebe and enjoy the sweets of farm life4 ,next ,june ,i shall have had three years' experience in my new undertaking4 ,i have succeeded fairly well4 ,at some future time ,i may communicate something about raising wheat and vegetables in ,dakota1 to the readers of our paper4 ,this winter is proving to be rather long and stormy1 but with plenty of fuel1 good books and papers1 time has not hung heavily on my hands4 ,indeed1 ,i consider these long ,northern winters a decided advantage to those who regard the cultivation of the mind as important as the cultivation of the fields4 ,i am afraid the majority of farmers do not lay enough stress upon mental culture4 ,in this age of cheap books there can be no excuse for being without them4 ,systematic reading leads to the best results in mental culture just as systematic farming leads to the best results in agriculture4 ,at the beginning of the winter ,i select some standard work as my principal reading matter and stick to it until ,i have it completed1 reading for an interlude1 good weekly newspapers1 and one or two of the standard magazines1 with which ,i always like to be supplied4 ,this breaks up all monotony1 and makes reading thoroughly enjoyable and instructive4 ,this winter ,i am reading the works of ,goethe1 the great ,german author4 ,march1 the last winter month1 has come1 and although the wind is still howling and snow flying1 before the first of ,april we expect to see the railroads thronged with emigrant cars bringing new settlers1 more thrift and more capital4 ,thousands of new homes will be established on the fertile prairies next summer4 ,will you please regard this as a kind of an introduction into your association8 ,if we find that we are mutually agreeable perhaps we shall find occasion to meet again4 ,,kasper ,,von ,,eschenbach1 ,,prairie ,,park ,,farm1 ,,bath1 ,d4 ,t4 ,prairie ,roads4 ,the article on prairie roads in ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer of ,march #ast1 #ahhd1 by ,a4 ,g4 ,h41 of ,champaign county1 was good1 and ,i would like to see more on the same subject4 ,if we get any better roads1 we must keep the ball rolling4 ,the great objection to the ,ross plan1 or any plan of road-tiling here1 is this4 ,when tile is laid in the roadway the teams will travel right over it1 and the black soil gets packed and puddled until it is as impervious to water as clay1 and the water can't get into the tile4 ,and on the clay hillsides1 if the tile is covered with clay1 the water can't get into it4 ,this has been well tested here1 for we have been road-tiling for six years4 ,the question seems to be to get the water into the tile4 ,the answer is simple enough4 ,we must provide sink holes for it4 ,we must fill the ditch over the tile with sand1 gravel1 or anything that will let the water in1 a yard in length1 say1 once every rod4 ,then ,i think the ,ross plan would be perfect4 ,as to the cost1 well1 #gej per mile seems large1 but to take an average of the roads in our county one-half that sum would answer1 for it is only the worst places would need the full ,ross plan4 ,in a good many places1 one string of tile with gravel sinks would do1 and others with the laterals to drain all to one side1 thus saving the cost of one string of tile1 or more than one-third of the whole cost4 ,now1 if we get the commissioners to commence the work1 we must vote for men who are in favor of road-tiling as commissioners4 ,there is where the battle must be fought4 ,buckle on the armor comrades and see that the work is done4 ,w4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,mclean ,,co41 ,,ill4 ,experiments ,with ,indian ,corn4 ,on ,may #af1 #ace kinds of corn were planted in the garden1 with the intention of promoting the cross fertilization of the varieties in order to study the effects4 ,the seed used was some of it selected on account of its purity2 other seed was from named varieties1 still other seed from varieties purposely hybridized1 or presumed from their appearance or location on the ear to be hybridized2 and seed which possessed peculiarities in appearance4 ,the types represented were the three kinds of pop-corns1 the flint pop1 the pearl pop1 and the rice pop2 the flints in eight-rowed and twelve-rowed varieties1 and soft or ,tuscarora's2 the sweets in two or more types of ear1 the one corresponding to the flint1 another to the dent corn ear2 and the dents also in two or more types1 the eight-rowed with broad kernel1 and another1 the many rowed1 with deep kernel4 ,we also had a pod or husk corn4 ,through a study of the crop from these various seeds1 we are enabled to make some general conclusions1 which probably are sufficient to generalize from1 but which certainly apply to the case in hand4 ,the seed of the preceding year gives uniformity of ear2 that is1 a dent corn seed may produce an eight-rowed flint1 or an eighteen-rowed dent1 but each ear will be perfect of its kind1 and will be free from kernels of other type than its own4 ,the flint corn kernel may produce several varieties of flint corn ear1 or dent corn ear1 but there will be no variety in the kernel upon the ear2 a dent corn seed may furnish a sweet corn ear1 and dent corn ears1 but not mixed upon the cob4 ,a pop-corn kernel may produce a sweet corn ear1 of sweet corn type1 a sweet corn ear of pop-corn type1 or a pop-corn ear of the various types1 without admixture of kernels upon the ears4 ,on the other hand1 hybridization of the current year produces changes in the kernel1 so that one ear of corn may bear kernels of various colors1 and of various types1 the tendency1 however1 being for the shape of the kernel to be governed by the type of the maize ear upon which it is found4 ,the appearance of various types upon an ear allow of some curious generalizations4 ,thus1 the rice pop kernel form does not appear upon ears of other character1 nor does the pearl pop kernel form appear upon the rice pop ear4 ,the flint pop does not seem to appear upon either the rice or the pearl pop type1 so far as form is concerned1 but its structure1 however1 influences4 ,sweet corn1 however1 appears upon the three types of pop-corn indiscriminately1 but1 on the other hand1 the pop-corns do not appear upon the flint corn ears4 ,while flint corn appears abundantly on sweet corn ears1 on the other hand1 sweet corn does not appear upon the flint corns4 ,dent corn kernels will appear upon the sweet corn whose type of ear is that of the dent ear1 but not upon sweet corn whose type is that of the flint ear4 ,the dent corn1 again1 does not appear upon the flint ear1 but in some isolated instances the flint corn kernel may appear upon the dent ear4 ,the appearance of kernels of one variety upon ears of another variety1 for each of the types1 is of frequent and constant occurrence1 except in the case of red ears4 ,the red ears have a constancy of color which is truly remarkable3 where sweet corn appears upon red pop and red dent ears the sweet corn partakes of the red color4 ,the practical value of these deductions consists in the guide they afford toward the improvement of the varieties of corn that we grow4 ,for instance3 by planting in adjoining hills1 or1 better still1 the mixed seed of two varieties of corn1 one of which is distinguished for its length of ear and smallness of cob1 and the other for the large size of its kernel1 we should anticipate1 in many instances1 the transfer of the large kernel to the small ear and of the small kernel to the large ear4 ,by selecting from the crop those ears which have length and the large kernel1 we should anticipate1 by a series of selections1 the attaining of a new variety1 in which the large kernel and length of cob would be persistent4 ,the same remarks hold true with the dent corns4 ,but in the matter of selections the true principle would seem to be to plant but one kernel of the desired type from an ear of the desired type1 and to keep the plant from this kernel free from the influence of plants of another type1 and securing the crop through self-fertilization4 ,after the first year of this procedure1 by the selection of two or more kernels of the same type from different plants1 cross fertilization should be used1 the crop being gradually purified by selection4 ,while the maize plant1 as a rule1 is not self-fertilized1 that is1 as a general thing the pollen from one plant fertilizes the silk of another1 yet in very many cases the pollen and the silk upon the same plant is synchronous1 and self-fertilization becomes possible1 and undoubtedly is of frequent occurrence4 ,the pollen ripens from below upward1 and thus the fall of the pollen1 through the successive ripening of the blooms1 may last for three or four days1 and there is a great variation in period of blooming as between individual plants4 ,the silk maintains its receptivity for pollen for some little time1 but for how long a period we do not yet know from direct observation4 ,it seems1 however1 true1 that closely following pollination1 the silk loses its transparent structure and begins to shrivel1 while before pollination is effected the silk retains its succulency for several days4--,e4 ,lewis ,sturtevant1 ,director ,n4 ,y4 ,exp4 ,station4 ,specialty ,farming4 ,i noticed in ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer of ,february #bc;d1 a communication from ,cape ,girardeau1 ,mo41 on ,the ,dignity of ,our ,calling4 ,it contains some very good reasoning1 but ,i do not indorse it all1 and take this mode of expressing my views upon the subject4 ,the point upon which ,i beg leave to differ from the gentleman is1 should a farmer have a smattering idea of everything pertaining to farming8 ,i believe that a man should make a specialty of some particular branch of farming1 for it is universally conceded by all competent authority that no man can succeed in a given pursuit unless his time and energies are concentrated in that direction1 consequently we have successful men in all the avenues of life--and why8 from the simple fact that these men make a specialty of some particular branch of their calling2 they are no jack-of-all-trades--not by any means4 ,so it is with farming2 the man who endeavors to be proficient in all its departments is apt to be a failure1 while his specialist neighbor succeeds1 simply because he has his course marked out1 and bends his energies in that direction4 ,life is too short for a man to comprehend everything4 ,it is true1 that the farmer has no fixed law by which to guide him2 however1 he must1 in measure1 be governed by past experience4 ,if the farmer does his part1 ,god will do the rest4 ,in my opinion1 what we want1 is not learning in every branch of farming by the same individual1 but we do want lore in a given direction1 and then success will crown our every effort4 ,take as an example one of our large machine shops2 do we find its workmen1 each one1 commencing a machine and completing it in all its parts4 ,no2 each man has a special task to perform1 only that and nothing more4 ,as to farmers' sons longing for other callings1 ,i am forced to admit that it is a lamentable fact which can not be ignored4 ,i believe the reason for this is that they are constantly coming in contact with nature in all her varied forms1 and before they have yet reached their majority1 they become inspired with an ambition which is prone to go beyond the boundary of farm life1 hence we find them1 step by step1 climbing the ladder of fame4 ,however1 we have one consoling fact1 and that is1 they make some of the most noted men we have--find them where you may4 ,a glorious example of this is in the person of a man who rose from the humble position of plowboy1 to that of ,chief ,executive of the ,nation4 ,a few words more and ,i am done4 ,if the fathers of this land would have their sons follow the noble vocation of farming1 let them educate them thoroughly for the branch which they would have them pursue1 and by so doing teach them that proficiency in any given direction is sure to command respect and success4 ,,subscriber4 ,field and ,furrow4 ,one of the strong points in preparing horses for spring work is in having their shoulders in a good1 sound condition4 ,with this to start with and soft and well-fitting collars there need be but little fear of any difficulty in keeping them all right1 no matter how hard the labor horses have to endure4 ,by keeping the collars well cleared of any dirt which may accumulate upon them from the sweating of the horse1 and by bathing them daily with cold water1 there need be but little fear of bad shoulders4 ,,husbandman3 ,every member of the ,elmira ,farmers' ,club present had used sapling clover1 more or less1 and all regarded it with favor1 although for making hay common red clover is worth more1 as it is also for pasture4 ,mr4 ,ward expressed the opinion1 in which all shared1 that there were really but two varieties of field clover in common use at the ,north1 red clover1 usually called medium1 and the large1 or sapling clover4 ,the chief function of the clover root as a fertilizer is in bringing nitrogen from the lower soil upward within reach of succeeding crops and changing its form to meet the requirements of the plant and crops that follow4 ,,brow ,,chemical ,,co4 ,,circular3 ,the wise farmer will change his seed from year to year4 ,a remarkable feature of the variety in potatoes is that no two kinds of potato are made up of the same chemical components in precisely the same proportion4 ,there are now over #cjj varieties of potatoes of greater or less merit4 ,some are celebrated for their large size1 some for their fineness of texture and some for the great increase which may be expected from them4 ,one hundred and thirteen years ago there were but two known varieties of potatoes1 one being white1 the other red4 ,if the soil is too poor potatoes starve1 if too wet they catch cold1 and refuse to grow to perfection4 ,,farmer',s ,,advocate3 ,spring operations will soon commence1 and with these a demand for good farm hands4 ,the general rule that is followed in this country is to put off the hiring of men to the last moment1 and trust to chances for some one coming along1 and then probably some inferior workman has to be taken1 or none at all4 ,men who know their business on a farm will not wait1 and are early picked up in the neighborhood in which they may reside4 ,the trusting to men coming along just at the exact moment you are crowded1 is a bad policy4 ,there should always be profitable employment for a man in the early spring months before seeding commences1 and it will pay any farmer to secure good farm hands early2 and pay them good wages4 ,,peoria ,,transcript3 ,we prepared a half acre of ground as good as we knew how4 ,upon one-half of this plat we planted one bushel of seed obtained from ,michigan1 and upon the other half of home-grown seed1 both being of the variety known as ,snowflake4 ,the two lots of seed cut for planting were similar in appearance1 both as regards size and quality4 ,the whole lot received the same treatment during the growing season4 ,the plants made about the same growth on the two plats and suffered equally from bugs2 but when it came to digging1 those from new seed yielded two bushels of large potatoes for every one that could be secured on the land planted with seed of our own growing4 ,this difference in yield could be accounted for on no other theory than the change in seed1 as the quality of seed1 soil1 and culture were the same4 ,this leads to the belief that simply procuring seed of favorite varieties from a distance would insure us good crops at much less expense than can be done experimenting with new1 high-priced seeds4 ,in another column a ,kansas correspondent speaks of the crab grass in an exceedingly favorable way4 ,we find the following regarding this grass in a late ,new ,york ,times3 ,every ,northern farmer knows the common coarse grass called door-yard grass1 which has long1 broad leaves1 a tough1 bunchy root1 and a three-fingered spreading head1 which contains large1 round seeds4 ,it is known as ,eleusine ,indica1 and grows luxuriously in open drains and moist places4 ,it appears late in the summer4 ,this is an extremely valuable grass in the ,south4 ,a friend who went to ,georgia soon after the war bought an abandoned plantation on account of the grass growing upon it4 ,it was this door-yard grass4 ,he pastured sheep upon it and cut some for hay4 ,northern baled hay was selling at #cj a ton at that time4 ,he wrote asking me to buy him two mowers and a baling press1 and went to baling hay for the ,southern market1 selling his sheep and living an easy life except in haying time4 ,his three hundred acres of cleared land has produced an average of #bjj tons of hay every year which gives him about four times as much profit as an acre of cotton would do4 ,perhaps there may come an end to this business1 and the grass will run out for want of fresh seed1 but with a yearly dressing of ,charleston phosphate the grass has kept up its original vigor4 ,now why could we not make some use of this grass1 and of others1 such as quack-grass1 which defy so persistently all our efforts to destroy them8 ,illustration3 ,entomological ,insects in ,illinois4 ,prof4 ,forbes1 ,state ,entomologist1 makes the following report to the ,state ,board of ,agriculture3 ,now that our year's entomological campaign is completed1 a brief review of some of its most important features and results will doubtless be of interest4 ,early attention was given to the insects attacking corn in the ground1 before the sprout has appeared above the surface4 ,a surprising number were found to infest it at this period1 the results of their injuries being usually attributed by farmers to the weather1 defective seed1 etc4 ,among these the seed corn maggot 7,anthomyia zeae7 was frequently noted1 and was received from many parts of the ,state4 ,a small1 black-headed maggot1 the larva of a very abundant1 gnat-like fly 7,seiara71 was excessively common in ground which had been previously in grass1 and attacked the seed corn if it did not germinate promptly and vigorously1 but apparently did not injure perfectly sound and healthy grains4 ,a minute yellow ant 7,solenopsis fugax7 was seen actually gnawing and licking away the substance of the sound kernels in the ground1 both before and after they had sprouted4 ,the corn plant-louse 7,aphis maidis7 was an early and destructive enemy of the crop1 often throttling the young shoot before it had broken ground4 ,it was chiefly confined to fields which had been just previously in corn or grass4 ,the chinch-bug was found in spring depositing the eggs for its first brood of young about the roots of the corn1 a habit not hitherto reported4 ,with the increasing attention to the culture of sorghum1 its insect enemies are coming rapidly to the front4 ,four species of plant-lice1 two of them new1 made a vigorous attack upon this crop in the vicinity of ,champaign1 and two of them were likewise abundant in broom-corn4 ,the corn root-worm 7,diabrotica longicornis7 was occasionally met with in sorghum1 but does not seem likely to do any great mischief to that plant4 ,it could not be found in broom-corn4 ,in fields of maize1 however1 it was again very destructive1 where corn had been raised on the same ground a year or two before4 ,the ,hessian ,fly did great damage throughout the winter wheat region of the ,state1 many fields not being worth harvesting in consequence of its ravages4 ,several facts were collected tending to show that it is three brooded in the southern part of the ,state4 ,nearly or quite all the last brood passed the summer as flax seeds in the stubble1 where they might easily have been destroyed by general and concerted action4 ,fortunately1 the summer weather was unfavorable to their development2 and the drouth conspired with their parasites to greatly diminish their numbers4 ,in the regions under our observation1 not one in a thousand emerged from the midsummer pupa-cases1 and numbers of the larvae were found completely dried up4 ,the wheat straw-worm 7,isosoma tritici71 a minute1 slender1 yellow grub1 which burrows inside the growing stem1 dwarfing or blighting the forming head1 was abundant throughout the winter wheat region of ,southern ,illinois1 causing1 in some places1 a loss scarcely exceeded by that due to the ,hessian ,fly4 ,our breeding experiments demonstrate that this insect winters in the straw as larvae or pupa1 emerging as an adult fly early in spring1 these flies laying their eggs upon the stems after they commence to joint4 ,as the flies are very minute1 and nearly all are wingless1 their spread from field to field is slow1 and it seems entirely within the power of the individual farmer to control this insect by burning or otherwise destroying the stubble in summer or autumn1 and burning the surplus of the straw not fed to stock early in spring4 ,a simple rotation of crops1 devoting land previously in wheat to some other grain or to grass1 will answer instead of burning the stubble4 ,the life history of the wheat bulb-worm 7,meromyza ,americana7 was completed this year4 ,the second or summer brood did decided injury to wheat in ,fulton county1 so many of the heads being killed that some of the fields looked gray at a little distance4 ,this species was also injurious to rye1 but much less so than to wheat4 ,it certainly does not attack oats at all2 fields of that grain raised where winter wheat had been destroyed by it1 and plowed up1 being entirely free from it1 while wheat fields adjacent were badly damaged4 ,we have good evidence that postponement of sowing to as late a date as possible prevents the ravages of this insect1 in the same way as it does those of the ,hessian ,fly4 ,the common rose chafer 7,macrodactylus subspinosus7 greatly injured some fields of corn in ,will county1 the adult beetle devouring the leaves4 ,the 'flea negro-bug' 7,thyreocoris pulicarius7 was found injurious to wheat in ,montgomery county1 draining the sap from the heads before maturity1 so that the kernel shriveled and ripened prematurely4 ,in parts of some fields the crop was thus almost wholly destroyed4 ,the entomological record of the orchard and the fruit garden is not less eventful than that of the farm4 ,in extreme ,southern ,illinois1 the forest tent caterpillar 7,clislocampa sylvatica7 made a frightful inroad upon the apple orchard1 absolutely defoliating every tree in large districts4 ,it also did great mischief to many forest trees4 ,its injuries to fruit might have been almost wholly prevented1 either by destroying the eggs upon the twigs of the trees in autumn1 as was successfully done by many1 or by spraying the foliage of infested trees in spring with ,paris green1 or similar poison1 as was done with the best effect and at but slight expense by ,mr4 ,david ,ayres1 of ,villa ,ridge4 ,great numbers of these caterpillars were killed by a contagious disease1 which swept them off just as they were ready to transform to the chrysalis2 but vast quantities of the eggs are now upon the trees1 ready to hatch in spring4 ,a large apple orchard in ,hancock county dropped a great part of its crop on account of injuries done to the fruit by the plum curculio 7,conotrachelus nenuphar74 ,there is little question that these insects were forced to scatter through the apple orchard by the destruction1 the previous autumn1 of an old peach orchard which had been badly infested by them4 ,in ,southern strawberry fields1 very serious loss was occasioned by the tarnished plant-bug 7,lygus lineolaris71 which ,i have demonstrated to be at least a part of the cause of the damage known as the 'buttoning' of the berry4 ,the dusky plant-bug 7,deraecoris rapidus7 worked upon the strawberries in precisely the same manner and at the same time1 in some fields being scarcely less abundant than the other4 ,i have found that both these species may be promptly and cheaply killed by pyrethrum1 either diluted with flour or suspended in water1 and also by an emulsion of kerosene1 so diluted with water that the mixture shall contain about #c per cent of kerosene4 ,the so-called 'strawberry root-worm' of ,southern ,illinois proves to be not one species merely1 but three--the larvae of ,colaspsis brunnae1 ,paria aterrima and ,scelodonta pubescens4 ,the periods and life histories of these three species are curiously different1 so that they succeed each other in their attacks upon the strawberry roots1 instead of competing for food at the same time4 ,the three together infest the plant during nearly the whole growing season--,colaspsis first1 ,paria next1 and ,scelodonta last4 ,the beetles all feed upon the leaves in ,july and ,august1 and may then be poisoned with ,paris green4 ,the season has been specially characterized by the occurrence of several widespread and destructive contagious diseases among insects4 ,elaborate studies of these have demonstrated that they are due to bacteria and other parasitic fungi1 that these disease germs may be artificially cultivated outside the bodies of the insects1 and that when sown or sprinkled upon the food of healthy individuals1 the disease follows as a consequence4 ,we have in this the beginning of a new method of combating insect injuries which promises some useful results4 ,illinois ,central ,railroad4 ,the elegant equipment of coaches and sleepers being added to its various through routes is gaining it many friends4 ,its patrons fear no accidents4 ,its perfect track of steel1 and solid road-bed1 are a guarantee against them4 ,,farm ,,implements1 ,etc4 ,,nichols ,,murphy',s ,,centennial ,,wind ,,mill4 ,illustration of a windmill ,contains all the valuable features of his old ,nichols ,mills with none of their defects4 ,this is the only balanced mill without a vane4 ,it is the only mill balanced on its center4 ,it is the only mill built on correct scientific principles so as to govern perfectly4 ,,all ,,vanes ,are mechanical devices used to overcome the mechanical defect of forcing the wheel to run out of its natural position4 ,this mill will stand a heavier wind1 run steadier1 last longer1 and crow louder than any other mill built4 ,our confidence in the mill warrants us in offering the first mill in each county where we have no agent1 at agents' prices and on #cj days' trial4 ,our power mills have #be per cent more power than any mill with a vane4 ,we have also a superior feed mill adapted to wind or other power4 ,it is cheap1 durable1 efficient4 ,for circulars1 mills1 and agencies1 address ,,nichols ,,murphy1 ,elgin1 ,ill4 7,successors to the ,,batavia ,,manf4 ,,co41 of ,batavia1 ,ill47 ,,the ,,chicago ,,double ,,hay ,,and ,,straw ,,press ,illustration of a straw press ,guaranteed to load more ,hay or ,straw in a box car than any other1 and bale at a less cost per ton4 ,send for circular and price list4 ,manufactured by the ,chicago ,hay ,press ,co41 ,nos4 #cced to #cceh ,state ,st41 ,chicago4 ,take cable car to factory4 ,mention this paper4 ,,dederick',s ,,hay ,,presses4 are sent anywhere on trial to operate against all other presses1 the customer keeping the one that suits best4 ,illustration of men working with a hay press ,order on trial1 address for circular and location of ,western and ,southern ,storehouses and ,agents4 ,,take ,,notice4--,as parties infringing our patents falsely claim premiums and superiority over ,dederick's ,reversible ,perpetual ,press4 ,now1 therefore1 ,i offer and guarantee as follows3 ,,first4 ,that baling ,hay with ,one ,horse1 ,dederick's ,press will bale to the solidity required to load a grain car1 twice as fast as the presses in question1 and with greater ease to both horse and man at that4 ,,second4 ,that ,dederick's ,press operated by ,one ,horse will bale faster and more compact than the presses in question operated by ,two ,horses1 and with greater ease to both man and beast4 ,,third4 ,that there is not a single point or feature of the two presses wherein ,dederick's is not the superior and most desirable4 ,dederick ,press will be sent any where on this guarantee1 on trial at ,dederick's risk and cost4 ,p4 ,k4 ,,dederick ,,co41 ,albany1 ,n4 ,y4 ,sawing ,made ,easy ,monarch ,lightning ,sawing ,machine6 ,sent on #cj ,days ,test ,trial4 ,a ,great ,saving of ,labor ,money4 ,illustration of a male figure using a sawing machine ,a boy #af years old can saw logs ,,fast and ,,easy4 ,,miles ,,murray1 ,portage1 ,mich41 writes3 ,am much pleased with the ,,monarch ,,lightning ,,sawing ,,machine4 ,i sawed off a #cj-;inch log in #b minutes4 ,for sawing logs into suitable lengths for family stove-wood1 and all sorts of log-cutting1 it is peerless and unrivaled4 ,illustrated ,catalogue1 ,free4 ,,agents ,,wanted4 ,mention this paper4 ,address ,,monarch ,,manufacturing ,,co41 #afc ,e4 ,randolph ,st41 ,chicago ,ill4 ,,monarch ,,horse ,,hoe ,,and ,,cultivator ,,combined ,for ,hoeing ,hilling ,potatoes1 ,corn1 ,onions1 ,beets1 ,cabbages1 ,turnips1 c4 ,illustration of hoe-cultivator ,,sent ,,on #cj ,days' ,,test ,,trial4 ,an immense saving of labor and money4 ,we guarantee a boy can cultivate and hoe and hill potatoes1 corn1 etc41 #ae times as easy and fast as one man can the old way4 ,illustrated ,catalogue ,,free4 ,,agents ,,wanted4 ,mention this paper4 ,address ,monarch ,mfg4 ,co41 #bjf ,state ,st41 ,chicago1 ,ill4 ,illustration of boiler ,,the ,,profit ,,farm ,,boiler is simple1 perfect1 and cheap2 the ,,best ,,feed ,,cooker2 the only dumping boiler2 empties its kettle in a minute4 ,over #e1jjj in use2 ,cook your corn and potatoes1 and save one-half the cost of pork4 ,send for circular4 ,d4 ,r4 ,,sperry ,,co41 ,batavia1 ,illinois4 ,,the ,,best ,,is ,,the ,,cheapest4 ,,saw ,,mills1 ,,engines ,,threshers1 ,,horse ,,powers1 7,for all sections and purposes47 ,write for ,free ,pamphlet and ,prices to ,the ,aultman ,taylor ,co41 ,mansfield1 ,ohio4 ,,remember that #b4jj pays for ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer one year and1 the subscriber gets a copy of ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer ,,county ,,map ,,of ,,the ,,united ,,states1 ,,free6 ,this is the most liberal offer ever made by any first-class weekly agricultural paper in this country4 ,illustration3 ,,live ,,stock ,,department ,stockmen1 ,write for ,your ,paper4 ,well-informed live stock men estimate the drive from ,texas the coming spring at #cbe1jjj head1 unless shipping rates are unusually favorable1 when it may go above #djj1jjj head4 ,a careful estimate of the stock on the range near the ,black ,hills is as follows3 ,cattle1 #chc1ijj head2 horses1 #b1bjj2 sheep1 #h1gjj4 ,it is asserted that the stock has wintered remarkably well1 the loss not exceeding #a-a_/b per cent4 ,a virulent disease resembling blind staggers has appeared among the horses of ,oregon1 and a large number of valuable animals have succumbed to it4 ,over #djj have died in two counties4 ,so far the veterinarians have been unable to stay its progress4 ,the period of gestation in the mare is in general forty-eight weeks2 the cow forty six weeks2 the ewe twenty-one weeks1 and the sow sixteen weeks4 ,having the date of service1 the date at which birth is due may be easily ascertained4 ,careful breeders always keep strict record of each animal4 ,the ,illinois ,state ,board of ,agriculture has adopted a rule requiring the slaughter of all sweepstakes animals at the next ,fat ,stock ,show1 in order that the judgment of the committees may be verified as to the quality of the animals4 ,the premiums for dressed carcasses have been largely increased over last year4 ,polled ,aberdeen ,cattle4 ,the subject of our #ast page illustration1 ,black ,prince1 is a representative of that black1 hornless race1 which had its foundation in ,scotland several hundred years ago1 known as ,polled ,aberdeen-,angus ,cattle4 ,this breed of cattle has grown into very high favor in ,america during the last five or six years2 so much so1 that1 while in #ahgi the number of representatives of this race in ,america were very few1 now the demand for them is so great that the number imported yearly is easily disposed of at prices ranging from #bej to #b1jjj4 ,messrs4 ,geary ,bros41 ,london1 ,ont41 say that the demand for such cattle during the past winter has never been equaled in their long experience4 ,as the prevalence of the foot-and-mouth disease in ,great ,britain1 will1 without a doubt cause the importation of cattle from that country to be prohibited at an early day1 it is safe to say that the value of such stock must rise1 as the number of its representatives in ,america is limited1 and those who have such stock in their possession fully appreciate their value2 and not being under the necessity of selling1 will hold their ,aberdeen-,angus cattle unless enticed by a very high price4 ,therefore1 the coming public sale of ,aberdeen-,angus cattle in ,chicago may be looked forward to as going to show unequaled average prices and especially of individual prize animals4 ,black ,prince was bought by ,messrs4 ,geary ,bros41 ,london1 ,ont41 in ,scotland1 and brought to ,america last year4 ,in him are to be found all the fine characteristics of his race4 ,he took the second place at the ,smithfield ,fat ,stock ,show of #ahhc2 at the ,kansas ,fat ,stock ,show of the same year he was placed second to the ,short-horn steer ,starlight2 and at the last ,fat ,stock ,show of ,chicago he took first place among the best three-year-olds of the country4 ,at the time of entry for the ,chicago ,show he was #a1chj days old1 and his weight #b1ccj pounds1 almost #age pounds less than he weighed before leaving ,scotland for this country4 ,besides the prizes above mentioned1 ,black ,prince won numerous honors in his own country before coming here4 ,their black1 glossy1 thick coats1 their hornless heads1 and particularly their low-set1 smooth1 round and lengthy bodies are the principal features of this breed4 ,beef consumers will find them in the front rank for yielding wholesome1 nourishing food1 juicy1 tender1 and of the best flavor1 free from all unpalatable masses of fat or tallow4 ,it is these favorable characteristics which have gained such an excellent1 and widespread reputation for the ,aberdeen-,angus cattle4 ,the growing belief that the best breed of beeves is the one that for a given quantity of food1 and in the shortest time will produce the greatest weight of nutritious food combined with the smallest amount of bone1 tallow1 and other waste is going to make these cattle as popular with our beef consumers and producers generally as they have been with those who have long been familiar with their many superior qualities4 ,grass for ,hogs4 ,with plenty of milk and mill-feed to mix with the corn1 good hogs may be grown without grass4 ,but with corn alone1 the task of growing and fattening a hog without grass costs more than the hog is worth4 ,to make hog-growing profitable to the farmer1 he must have grass4 ,in the older ,states where the tame grasses are plenty1 it is a very thoughtless farmer who has not his hog pasture4 ,but out here in ,kansas and ,nebraska1 where we have plenty of corn1 but no grass1 except the wild varieties1 the most enterprising of us are at our wits' ends4 ,hogs will eat these wild grasses while tender in the spring1 and1 even without corn1 will grow long1 tall1 and wonderfully lean1 and in the fall will fatten much more readily than hogs grown on corn4 ,but fattening the lean hogs takes too much corn4 ,we must have a grass that the hogs will relish1 and on which they will both grow and fatten4 ,they will do this on clover1 orchard grass1 bluegrass1 and other tame grasses4 ,but we have not got any of these1 nor do we know how to get them4 ,hundreds of bushels of tame grass seeds are sold every spring by our implement dealers4 ,a few have succeeded in getting some grass1 but nine out of ten lose their seed4 ,we either do not know how to grow it1 or the seed is not good1 or the soil is too new4 ,the truth1 perhaps1 lies a little in all three4 ,our agricultural colleges are claiming to have success with these grasses1 and their experience would be of value to the farmers if these reports could ever reach them4 ,not one farmer in a hundred ever sees them4 ,i know of but one farmer of sufficient political influence to receive these reports through the mails4 ,the rest of us can get them for the asking4 ,but not many of us know this1 fewer know whom to ask1 and still fewer ask4 ,i do not know a farmer that orders a single copy4 ,farmers1 living about our county towns1 and doing their trading there1 and having leisure enough to loaf about the public offices1 and curiosity enough to scratch through the dust-covered piles of old papers and rubbish in the corner1 are usually rewarded by finding a copy of these valuable reports4 ,but we1 who live far away from the county seat1 do our farming without this aid1 and mostly without any knowledge of their existence4 ,this looks like a lamentable state of agricultural stupidity4 ,notwithstanding this dark picture we would all read1 and be greatly profited by these reports1 if they were laid on our tables4 ,if it pays to expend so much labor and money in preparing these reports and sending them half way to the people1 would it not be wise to expend a little more and complete the journey1 by making it the duty of the assessor to leave a copy on every farmer's table8 ,compulsory education4 ,as an explanation of much of the above1 it must be remembered that we are nearly all recently from the ,east1 that we have brought with us our ,eastern experience1 education1 literature1 and household gods2 and that not until we have tried things in our old ,eastern ways and failed1 do we realize that we exist under a new and different state of things and slowly begin to open our eyes to the existence of ,western agricultural reports and papers giving us the conditions on which the best results have been obtained4 ,there will be more grass seed planted this spring than ever before1 and the farmers will be guided by the conditions on which the best successes seem to have been obtained4 ,but this seeding will not give us much grass for this coming summer4 ,what must we do8 ,i write for our ,western farmers who have no clover1 orchard grass1 blue grass1 but have in their cultivated fields4 ,,crab ,,grass4 ,this grass1 the most troublesome weed of the ,west1 smothering our gardens and converting our growing corn-fields into dense meadows1 makes the best hog pasture in the world1 while it lasts4 ,put hogs into a pasture containing all the tame grasses1 with one corner in crab grass1 and the last named grass will all be consumed before the other grasses are touched4 ,not only do they prefer it to any other grass1 but on no grass will they thrive and fatten so well4 ,last spring ,i fenced twelve acres of old stalk ground well seeded to crab grass4 ,with the first of ,june the field was green1 and from then until frost pastured sixty large hogs1 which1 with one ear of corn each1 morning and evening1 became thoroughly fat4 ,these were the finest and cheapest hogs ,i ever grew4 ,this grass is in its glory from ,june till frosts4 ,by sowing the ground early in oats1 this will pasture the hogs until ,june1 when the crab grass will occupy all the ground1 and carry them through in splendid condition1 and fat them1 with an ear or corn morning and evening4 ,a4 ,d4 ,,lee4 ,,centerville1 ,,kan4 ,,note4--,many of our readers may be unfamiliar with the variety of grass spoken of by our correspondent4 ,it is known as crop grass1 crab grass1 wire grass1 and crow's foot 7,eleusine ,indica74 ,flint describes it as follows3 ,stems ascending1 flattened1 branching at the base2 spikes1 two to five1 greenish4 ,it is an annual and flowers through the season1 growing from eight to fifteen inches high1 and forming a fine green carpeting in lawns and yards4 ,it is indigenous in ,mississippi1 ,alabama1 and adjoining ,states1 and serves for hay1 grazing1 and turning under as a fertilizer4 ,it grows there with such luxuriance1 in many sections1 as never to require sowing1 and yields a good crop where many of the more ,northern grasses would fail4--,,ed4 ,p4 ,f4 ,a ,stock ,farm and ,ranch4 ,some years ago ,prof4 ,j4 ,b4 ,turner1 of ,jacksonville1 ,ill41 whom almost every reader of ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer in days gone by knows1 personally1 or by his writings1 in company with one of his sons conceived the idea of running an ,illinois stock farm in connection with a ranch in ,texas4 ,the young animals were to be reared on the cheap lands in the latter ,state where care and attention amount to a trifle1 and to ship them ,north to finish them off for market on the blue grass and corn of the ,illinois farm4 ,to carry out this purpose they purchased nearly #aj1jjj acres in ,coleman county1 ,texas1 and they converted #a1jjj acres in a body in ,montgomery county1 ,illinois1 into a home stock farm4 ,unfortunately1 just as all things were in readiness for extensive operations1 the son died1 leaving the business to ,prof4 ,turner1 now nearly an octogenarian and entirely unable to bear the burden thus forced upon him4 ,as a consequence1 he desires to sell these large and desirable possessions1 separate or together1 as purchasers may offer4 ,the ,illinois farm is well fenced and in a high state of cultivation4 ,there are growing upon it more than #b1jjj large evergreens1 giving at once protection to stock and beauty to the landscape4 ,there are also #a1ejj bearing fruit trees1 a vineyard1 and a large quantity of raspberries1 blackberries1 currants1 etc4 ,besides a good farm-house1 there is a large barn1 in which there are often fed at one time #aej head of horses1 with plenty of room for each animal2 and an abundance of storage room in proportion for grain and hay4 ,also a large sheep shed1 the feeding capacity of which is #c1jjj head4 ,also a large hog house1 conveniently divided into pens with bins for grain4 ,other numerous out-buildings1 granary1 hay sheds1 stock and hay scales1 etc41 etc4 ,there are on the farm twelve miles of ,osage orange hedge1 the best kind of fence in the world1 in perfect trim and full growth2 and four miles of good rail fence1 dividing the farm off into conveniently sized fields of forty1 eighty and one hundred and sixty acres each1 access to which is easily obtained by means of gates which open from each field into a private central road belonging to the farm1 and directly connected with the stock yards near the house1 so that it is not necessary to pass over other fields in the handling of stock4 ,stockmen will appreciate this arrangement4 ,owing to its special advantages for handling stock1 it has become widely known as a ,model ,stock ,farm4 ,the lands are all naturally well drained2 no flat or wet land1 and by means of natural branches1 which run through every eighty acres1 the whole farm is conveniently and easily watered1 by an unfailing supply4 ,there are besides three large wind mills1 with connecting troughs for watering the stock yards and remotest field4 ,this supply of stock water has never failed4 ,it is therefore specially adapted for all kinds of stock raising1 and is well stocked4 ,it has on it a fine drove of ,hereford cattle and ,norman horses1 and is otherwise fully equipped with all the recent improvements in farming implements4 ,this farm is only about fifty miles from ,st4 ,louis1 ,mo41 two miles from a railroad station1 and six miles from ,litchfield1 ,illinois4 ,besides its location commercially1 and its advantages for handling stock1 this farm is in one of the best wheat and fruit producing sections of ,illinois1 and has now on it #bjj acres of fine wheat4 ,the ranch in ,texas consists of one body of #i1acf acres of choice land4 ,by means of an unfailing supply of living water the whole ranch is well watered1 and has besides a very large cistern4 ,the soil is covered with the ,curly ,mesquite grass1 the richest and most nutritious native stock grass known in ,texas4 ,there is also on the ranch a splendid growth of live oak trees1 the leaves of which remain green the year round1 furnishing shade in summer1 and an ample protection for stock in winter4 ,there is on the ranch a large well built stone house1 and also a fine sheep shed1 with bins for #e1jjj bushels of grain4 ,this shed is covered with ,florida ,cypress shingles and affords protection for #b1jjj head of sheep1 and can be used just as well for other kinds of stock4 ,here can be bred and raised to maturity at a mere nominal cost1 all kinds of cattle1 horses1 mules1 and other stock1 no feed in winter being required beyond the natural supply of grass4 ,after the stock reaches maturity they can be shipped to the ,illinois ,farm2 and while all the cattle easily fatten in ,texas enough for the market1 still as they are generally shipped to ,st4 ,louis or ,chicago1 it costs but little more1 and greatly increases the profits1 to first ship them to the ,illinois ,farm1 and put them in prime condition1 besides being near the markets1 and placing the owner in position to take advantage of desirable prices at any time4 ,with horses and mules this is a special advantage readily apparent to every one4 ,it will be seen at once that any individual with capital1 or a stock company1 or partnership of two or more men1 could run this farm and ranch together at a great profit4 ,all the improvements on both being made solely for convenience and profit and not anything expended for useless show4 ,i do not write this communication from any selfish motive1 for ,i have not a penny's worth of interest in either farm or ranch1 but ,i want to let people who are looking for stock farms know that here is one at hand such as is seldom found1 and at the same time to do my life-long friend and yours a slight favor in return for the great and lasting benefits he has1 in the past1 so freely conferred upon the farmers of the ,state and country4 ,i know these lands can be bought far below their real value1 and the purchaser will secure a rare bargain4 ,i presume the ,professor will be glad to correspond with parties1 giving full particulars as to terms4 ,,subscriber4 ,,montgomery ,,co41 ,,ill4 ,western ,wool-,growers4 ,the ,western wool-growers1 in convention at ,denver1 ,colorado1 ,march #acth1 unanimously adopted the following memorial to ,congress3 ,whereas1 ,the wool-growers of ,colorado1 ,kansas1 ,utah1 ,wyoming1 ,nebraska1 ,idaho1 ,new ,mexico1 and ,minnesota1 assembled in convention in the city of ,denver1 the #acth of ,march1 #ahhd1 representing #g1ejj1jjj head of sheep1 #ej1jjj1jjj invested capital1 and an annual yield of #ce1jjj1jjj pounds of wool1 and ,whereas1 ,said ,industry having been greatly injured by the reduction of the tariff bill of ,may1 #ahhc1 and being threatened with total destruction by the reduction of #bj per cent1 as proposed by the ,morrison tariff bill just reported to the ,house of ,representatives by the ,committee on ,ways and ,means2 therefore ,resolved1 ,that we1 the wool-growers in convention assembled1 are opposed to the provisions of the ,morrison bill now before ,congress which aim to make a further reduction of #bj per cent on foreign wools and woolens1 and that we ask a restoration of the tariff of #ahfg in its entirety as relates to wools and woolens1 by which1 for the first time in the industrial history of the country1 equitable relations were established between the duties on wool and those on woolen goods4 ,resolved1 ,that we pledge ourselves to work for and to aid in the restoration of the tariff of #ahfg on wools and woolens1 and request all persons engaged or interested in the wool-growing industry to co-operate with us4 ,resolved1 ,that we as wool-growers and citizens pledge ourselves to stand by all committees and associations in giving full and complete protection to all ,american industries in need of the same1 and cordially invite their co-operation in this matter4 ,the memorial concludes with an appeal to ,western ,senators and ,representatives in ,congress to do all in their power to restore the tariff of #ahfg4 ,the ,cattle ,disease ,near ,effingham4 ,saturday1 ,march #ae1 ,i visited the herds of ,messrs4 ,du ,brouck1 ,schooley and ,fannce northeast of ,effingham1 ,illinois1 and carefully examined them with ,mr4 ,f4 ,f4 ,hunt1 of the university1 as they were reported affected with foot-and-mouth disease4 ,in each herd diseased cattle were found2 about #bj distinctly marked cases1 a few others having symptoms4 ,the disease is unlike anything ,i have known1 but does not resemble foot-and-mouth disease as described by any authority4 ,only the hind feet are affected1 and these without ulceration4 ,in most cases scouring was first noticed1 followed by swelling above the hoofs4 ,in the most severe cases1 the skin cracked about the pastern joint or at the coronet4 ,in four cases one foot had come off4 ,swelling of pastern and scouring were the only symptoms in several cases4 ,the mouth and udders were healthful2 appetites good4 ,in one case there was slight vesicle on nostril and slight inflammation of gum4 ,some animals in contact with diseased ones for weeks remained healthful4 ,others were attacked after five weeks' isolation4 ,the most marked cases were of eight to ten weeks standing4 ,but one animal had died4 ,what we saw is not foot and mouth disease as known abroad1 nor is the contagious character of the disease proven from the cases in these herds4 ,g4 ,e4 ,,morrow1 ,,university1 ,,champaign1 ,,ill4 ,illustration3 ,the ,dairy ,dairymen1 ,write for ,your ,paper4 ,camembert ,cheese4 ,the ,camembert is one of the variety of ,french cheeses that find ready sale in ,england at high prices4 ,mr4 ,jenkins describes the process of making this cheese in a late number of the ,journal of the ,royal ,agricultural ,society of ,england which information we find condensed in the ,dublin ,farmer's ,gazette3 ,the cows are milked three times a day1 at #d4cj and #aa4cj a4 m41 and at #f p4 m4 ,in most dairies the evening's milk is highly skimmed in the morning1 butter being made from the cream1 and the milk divided into two portions one of which is added to the morning's and the other to the midday's milking4 ,the mixture is immediately put into earthen vessels holding twelve to fifteen gallons each1 and after it has been raised to the temperature of about #hf deg4 ,fahr41 a sufficient quantity of rennet is added to make the curd fit to be transferred to the cheese moulds in three or four hours1 or1 perhaps1 a longer interval in winter4 ,the mixture of the rennet with the milk is insured by gentle stirring1 and the pots are then covered with a square board4 ,the curd is ready for removal when it does not adhere to the back of the finger placed gently upon it1 and when the liquid that runs from the fingers is as nearly as possible colorless4 ,the curd is transferred1 without breaking it more than can be avoided1 to perforated moulds four inches in diameter4 ,the moulds are placed on reed mats resting on slightly inclined slabs1 made of slate1 cement1 or other hard material1 and having a gutter near the outer edge4 ,the curd remains in the moulds twenty-four or even forty-eight hours1 according to the season1 being turned upside down after twelve or twenty-four hours2 that is1 when sufficiently drained at the bottom4 ,after turning the face of the cheese1 the inside of the mould is sprinkled with salt1 and twelve hours afterward the opposite face and the rim of the cheeses are treated in the same way4 ,the cheeses are then placed on movable shelves round the walls of the dairy for a day or two1 after which the curing process commences by the cheeses being transferred to the drying-room1 and there placed on shelves made of narrow strips of wood with narrow intervals between them1 or of ordinary planks with reed mats or clean rye straw4 ,here the greatest ingenuity is exerted to secure as dry an atmosphere and as equable a temperature as possible--the windows being numerous and small1 and fitted with glass1 to exclude air1 but not light1 when the glass is shut1 with a wooden shutter to exclude both light and air2 and with wire gauze to admit light and air1 and exclude flies and winged insects1 which are troublesome to the makers of soft cheese4 ,the cheeses are turned at first once a day1 and afterward every second day1 unless in damp weather1 when daily turning is absolutely necessary4 ,in three or four days after the cheeses are placed in the drying-room they become speckled2 in another week they are covered with a thick crop of white mold1 which by degrees deepens to a dark yellow1 the outside of the cheese becoming less and less sticky4 ,at the end of about a month1 when the cheese no longer sticks to the fingers1 it is taken to the finishing room1 where light is nearly excluded1 and the atmosphere is kept very still and slightly damp4 ,here they remain three or four weeks1 being turned every day or every second day1 according to the season1 and carefully examined periodically4 ,when ready for market--that is to say1 in winter1 when ripe1 and in summer1 when half ripe--they are made up in packets of six1 by means of straw and paper1 with great skill and neatness4 ,few ,words and ,more ,butter4 ,the ,wisconsin ,dairymen's ,association last year offered prizes for the best essays on butter-making1 the essays not to exceed #bej words4 ,competition was active1 and many valuable little treatises was the result4 ,the first prize was won by ,d4 ,w4 ,curtis1 of ,fort ,atkinson1 and reads as follows4 ,we commend it to all butter-makers and to all writers of essays as a model of the boiled-down essence of brevity3 ,,cows4 ,select cows rich in butter-making qualities4 ,,feed4 ,pastures should be dry1 free from slough-holes1 well seeded with different kinds of tame grasses1 so that good feed is assured4 ,if timothy or clover1 cut early and cure properly4 ,feed corn1 stalks1 pumpkins1 ensilage and plenty of vegetables in winter4 ,,grain4 ,corn and oats1 corn and bran1 oil meal in small quantities4 ,,water4 ,let cows drink only such water as you would yourself4 ,,care ,,of ,,cows4 ,gentleness and cleanliness4 ,,milking4 ,brush the udder to free it from impurities4 ,milk in a clean barn1 well ventilated1 quickly1 cheerfully1 with clean hands and pail4 ,seldom change milkers4 ,,care ,,of ,,milk4 ,strain while warm2 submerge in water #dh degrees4 ,open setting #fj degrees4 ,,skimming4 ,skim at twelve hours2 at twenty-four hours4 ,,care ,,of ,,cream4 ,care must be exercised to ripen cream by frequent stirrings1 keeping at #fj degrees until slightly sour4 ,,utensils4 ,better have one cow less than be without a thermometer4 ,churns without inside fixtures4 ,lever butter worker4 ,keep sweet and clean4 ,,churning4 ,stir the cream thoroughly2 temper to #fj degrees2 warm or cool with water4 ,churn immediately when properly soured1 slowly at first1 with regular motion1 in #dj to #fj minutes4 ,when butter is formed in granules the size of wheat kernels1 draw off the buttermilk2 wash with cold water and brine until no trace of buttermilk is left4 ,,working ,,and ,,salting4 ,let the water drain out2 weigh the butter2 salt1 one ounce to the pound2 sift salt on the butter1 and work with lever worker4 ,set away two to four hours2 lightly re-work and pack4 ,a ,,machine that can take hay1 corn fodder1 grass1 and grain and manufacture them into good1 rich milk at the rate of a quart per hour for every hour in the twenty-four1 is a valuable one and should be well cared for4 ,there are machines--cows--which have done this4 ,there are many thousands of them that will come well up to this figure for several months in the year1 and which will1 besides1 through another system of organisms1 turn out a calf every year to perpetuate the race of machines4 ,man has it in his power to increase the capacity of the cow for milk and the milk for cream4 ,he must furnish the motive power1 the belts1 and the oil in the form of proper food1 shelter1 and kindly treatment4 ,by withholding these he throws the entire machinery out of gear and robs himself4 ,compiled ,correspondence4 ,,kane ,,county1 ,,march #ag4--,snow is nearly all gone4 ,there is but little frost in the ground4 ,the spring birds have come4 ,hay is plenty1 winter wheat and winter rye look green1 and have not been winter-killed to any great extent4 ,cattle and horses are looking well and are free from disease4 ,we fear the spread of the foot-and-mouth disease4 ,every effort should be made to confine it within its present limits4 ,its spread in this county of so great dairy interests would be a great calamity4 ,our factory men will make full cream cheese during the summer months4 ,the hard1 skim cheese made last season1 and sold at #b cts per pound1 paid the patrons nothing4 ,we hear of factory dividends for ,january of #a4fj to #a4ff4 ,j4 ,p4 ,b4 ,,grand ,,prairie1 ,,tex41 ,,march #h4--,the spring is cold and late here2 but little corn planted yet4 ,winter oats killed2 many have sown again4 ,farmers are well up with their work4 ,g4 ,e4 ,r4 99 99 99 99 99 ,brown's ,bronchial ,troches will relieve ,bronchitis1 ,asthma1 ,catarrh1 ,consumption and ,throat ,diseases4 ,they are used always with good success4 ,illustration3 ,,veterinary ,symptoms of ,foot-and-,mouth ,disease4 ,this disease1 which is one of the most easily transmitted of contagious and infectious diseases of domestic animals1 is characterized by the appearance of vesicles or small bladders on the mucous surfaces and those parts of the skin uncovered by hair1 such as in the mouth1 on the gums and palate1 on the tongue1 and the internal surface of the lips and cheeks2 on the surface of the udder and teats1 and between the claws4 ,the disease passes through four different stages or periods2 but for present purposes it will be sufficient to merely mention the most prominent of the successive changes and appearances1 as they occur to the ordinary observer4 ,the incubatory stage1 or the time between contamination and the development of the disease1 is very short 7from twenty-four hours to one or two weeks71 and the disease is ushered in by the general symptoms of fever1 such as shivering1 increased temperature1 staring coat1 dry muzzle1 dullness and loss of appetite4 ,the animals seek seclusion1 preferably in sheltered places1 where they assume a crouched position1 or lie down1 and there is more or less stiffness and unwillingness to move4 ,the mouth becomes hot and inflamed looking1 and covered with slime1 the breath fetid2 the animal grinds the teeth1 smacks with mouth1 and has difficulty in swallowing4 ,there is more or less tenderness of feet and lameness1 and in cows the udder becomes red and tender1 the teats swollen1 and they refuse to be milked4 ,depending upon the intensity of the fever and the extent to which the udder is affected1 the milk secretion will be more or less diminished1 or entirely suspended2 but throughout the disease the quality or constituents of the milk become materially altered2 its color changes to a yellow2 it has a tendency to rapid decomposition1 and possesses virulent properties4 ,soon yellowish-white blisters1 of various sizes1 from that of a small pea to a small hickory nut1 appear on the mucous surface within the mouth1 and which blisters often in the course of development become confluent or coalesce4 ,they generally break within two to three days1 and leave bright red1 uneven1 and ragged sores or ulcers1 to the edges of which adheres shreds of detached epithelial tissue4 ,the animal now constantly moves the tongue and smacks the mouth1 while more or less copious and viscid saliva continually dribbles from the mouth4 ,the lameness increases in proportion as the feet are affected1 and if the fore feet are most affected1 the animal walks much like a floundered horse1 with the hinder limbs advanced far under the body1 and with arched back4 ,the coronet of the claws1 especially toward the heels1 becomes swollen1 hot1 and tender1 causing the animal to lie down most of the time4 ,the blisters1 which appear at the interdigital space of the claws1 and especially at the heels1 break in the course of a day and discharge a thick1 straw-colored fluid2 the ulcers1 which are of intensely red or scarlet color1 soon become covered with exudating lymph1 which dries and forms scabs4 ,on the udder1 the blisters appear more or less scattered and variable1 and they are most numerous at the base and on the teats4 ,ordinarily1 the disease terminates in two or three weeks1 while the animal1 which during its progress refuses to partake of any other than sloppy food1 gradually regains strength and flesh1 and the udder resumes its normal functions4 ,the mortality at times has proved very great in this disease when it has appeared with unusual virulency4 ,shyness and ,timidity4 ,in common horse language1 these propensities are confounded one with the other or else no proper and right distinction is made between them4 ,a horse may be timid without being shy1 though he can hardly be said to be shy without being timid4 ,young horses in their breaking are timid1 frightened at every fresh or strange object they see4 ,they stand gazing and staring at objects they have not seen before1 fearful to approach them2 but they do not run away from1 or shy at them2 on the contrary1 the moment they are convinced there is nothing hurtful in them1 they refuse not to approach or even trample upon them4 ,this the shy horse will not do4 ,he can not be persuaded to turn toward or even to look at the object he shies at2 much less to approach it4 ,timid horses1 through usage and experience1 get the better of their timidity1 and in time become very opposite to fearful2 but shy horses1 unless worked down to fatigue and broken-spiritedness1 rarely forget their old sins4 ,the best way to treat them is to work them1 day by day1 moderately for hours together1 taking no notice whatever of their shying tricks1 neither caressing nor chastising them1 and on no account whatever endeavoring to turn their heads either towards or away from the objects shied at4 ,glanders4 ,with a view of shedding light on the important question of the contagiousness of glanders1 we will mention the following deductions from facts brought forth by our own experience4 #a4 ,that farcy and glanders1 which constitute the same disease1 are propagable through the medium of stabling1 and this we believe to be the more usual way in which the disease is communicated from horse to horse4 #b4 ,that infected stabling may harbor and retain the infection for months1 or even years2 and though1 by thoroughly cleansing and making use of certain disinfecting means1 the contagion may probably be destroyed1 it would not perhaps be wise to occupy such stables immediately after such supposed or alleged disinfection4 #c4 ,that virus 7or poison of glanders7 may lie for months in a state of incubation in the horse's constitution1 before the disease breaks out4 ,we have had the most indubitable evidence of its lurking in one horse's system for the space of fifteen weeks4 #d4 ,that when a stud or stable of horses becomes contaminated1 the disease often makes fearful ravages among them before it quits them2 and it is only after a period of several months' exemption from all disease of the kind that a clean bill of health can be safely rendered4 ,,miscellaneous4 ,,facts ,,about ,arkansas and ,texas4 ,a handsome book1 beautifully ,illustrated1 with colored diagrams1 giving reliable information as to crops1 population1 religious denominations1 commerce1 timber1 ,railroads1 lands1 etc41 etc4 ,sent free to any address on receipt of a #b-;cent stamp4 ,address ,h4 ,c4 ,townsend1 ,gen4 ,passenger ,agt41 ,st4 ,louis1 ,mo4 ,,disease ,,cured ,without medicine4 ,a ,valuable ,discovery for supplying ,magnetism to the ,human ,system4 ,electricity and ,magnetism utilized as never before for ,healing the ,sick4 ,,the ,,magneton ,,appliance ,,co4's ,magnetic ,kidney ,belt6 ,,for ,,men ,,is ,,warranted ,,to ,,cure ,or ,money ,refunded1 the following diseases without medicine2--,pain in the ,back1 ,hips1 ,head1 or ,limbs1 ,nervous ,debility1 ,lumbago1 ,general ,debility1 ,rheumatism1 ,paralysis1 ,neuralgia1 ,sciatica1 ,diseases of the ,kidneys1 ,spinal ,diseases1 ,torpid ,liver1 ,gout1 ,seminal ,emissions1 ,impotency1 ,asthma1 ,heart ,disease1 ,dyspepsia1 ,constipation1 ,erysipelas1 ,indigestion1 ,hernia or ,rupture1 ,catarrh1 ,piles1 ,epilepsy1 ,dumb ,ague1 etc4 ,when any debility of the ,,generative ,,organs occurs1 ,lost ,vitality1 ,lack of ,nerve ,force and ,vigor1 ,wasting ,weakness1 and all those ,diseases of a personal nature1 from whatever cause1 the continuous stream of ,magnetism permeating through the parts1 must restore them to a healthy action4 ,there is no mistake about this appliance4 ,,to ,,the ,,ladies3--,if you are afflicted with ,lame ,back1 ,weakness of the ,spine1 ,falling of the ,womb1 ,leucorrhoea1 ,chronic ,inflammation and ,ulceration of the ,womb1 ,incidental ,hemorrhage or ,flooding1 ,painful1 ,suppressed1 and ,irregular ,menstruation1 ,barrenness1 and ,change of ,life1 this is the ,best ,appliance and ,curative ,agent known4 ,for all forms of ,female ,difficulties it is unsurpassed by anything before invented1 both as a curative agent and as a source of power and vitalization4 ,price of either ,belt with ,magnetic ,insoles1 #aj sent by express ,c4 ,o4 ,d41 and examination allowed1 or by mail on receipt of price4 ,in ordering send measure of waist1 and size of shoe4 ,remittance can be made in currency1 sent in letter at our risk4 ,the ,magneton ,garments are adapted to all ages1 are worn over the under-clothing 7not next to the body like the many ,galvanic and ,electric ,humbugs advertised so extensively71 and should be taken off at night4 ,they hold their ,,power ,,forever1 and are worn at all seasons of the year4 ,send stamp for the ,new ,departure in ,medical treatment ,without ,medicine1 with thousands of testimonials4 ,,the ,,magneton ,,appliance ,,co41 #bah ,state ,street1 ,chicago1 ,ill4 ,,note4--,send one dollar in postage stamps or currency 7in letter at our risk7 with size of shoe usually worn1 and try a pair of our ,magnetic ,insoles1 and be convinced of the power residing in our other ,magnetic ,appliances4 ,positively no cold feet when they are worn1 or money refunded4 ,,consumption4 ,i have a positive remedy for the above disease2 by its use thousands of cases of the worst kind and of long standing have been cured4 ,indeed1 so strong is my faith in its efficacy1 that ,i will send ,,two ,,bottles ,,free1 together with a ,,valuable ,,treatise on this disease1 to any sufferer4 ,give ,express ,p4 ,o4 address4 ,,dr4 ,t4 ,a4 ,,slocum #aha ,pearl ,st41 ,n4 ,y4 ,,remember that #b4jj pays for ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer one year1 and the subscriber gets a copy of ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer ,,county ,,map ,,of ,,the ,,united ,,states1 ,,free6 ,this is the most liberal offer ever made by any first-class weekly agricultural paper in this country4 ,illustration3 ,,horticultural ,horticulturists1 ,write for ,your ,paper4 ,sand ,mulching of ,orchard ,trees4 ,in ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer ,i notice the interesting note of ,o4 of ,sheboygan ,falls1 ,wis41 on the apparent benefit resulting from sand and manure mulching of pear trees4 ,in the very near future ,i expect to see much of this kind of work done by commercial orchardists4 ,already we have many trees in ,iowa mulched with sand4 ,i wish now to draw attention to the fact that on the rich black prairie soils west of ,saratov--about five hundred miles southeast of ,moscow--every tree in the profitable commercial orchards is mulched with pure river sand4 ,the crown of the tree when planted is placed about six inches lower than usual with us in a sort of basin1 about sixteen feet across4 ,this basin is then filled in with sand so that in the center1 where the tree stands1 it is three or four inches higher than the general level of the soil4 ,the spaces between these slight depressions filled with sand are seeded down to grass1 which is not cut1 but at time of fruit gathering is flattened by brushing to make a soft bed for the dropping fruit and for a winter mulch4 ,the close observer will not fail to notice good reasons for this treatment4 7#a47 ,the sand mulch maintains an even temperature and moisture of the surface roots and soil and prevents a rapid evaporation of the moisture coming up by capillary attraction from the sub soil4 7#b47 ,the soil under the sand will not freeze as deeply as on exposed surfaces1 and we were told that it would not freeze as deeply by two feet or more as under the tramped grass in the interspaces4 7#c47 ,with the light colored sand about the trees1 and grass between1 the lower beds of air among the trees would not be as hot by several degrees as the exposed surface1 even when the soil was light colored clay4 7#d47 ,a bed of sand around the trunks of the trees will close in with the movement of the top by the summer and autumn winds1 thus avoiding the serious damage often resulting from the swaying of the trunk making an opening in the soil for water to settle and freeze4 ,still another use is made of this sand in very dry seasons1 which as with us would often fail to carry the fruit to perfection4 ,on the upper side of large commercial orchards1 large cisterns are constructed which are filled by a small steam pump4 ,when it is decided that watering is needed the sand is drawn out1 making a sort of circus ring around the trees which is run full of water by putting on an extra length of ,v spouting for each tree4 ,when one row is finished the conductors are passed over to next row as needed4 ,to water an orchard of #a1bjj trees--after the handy fixtures are once provided--seems but a small task4 ,after the water settles away1 the sand is returned to its place4 ,in the ,province of ,saratov we saw orchards with and without the sand1 and with and without the watering4 ,we did not need to ask if the systematic management paid4 ,the great crops of smooth apples and pears1 and the long lived and perfect trees on the mulched and watered orchards told the whole story of the needs of trees planted on black soil on an open plain subject to extreme variations as to moisture and temperature of air and soil4 ,j4 ,l4 ,,budd41 ,,iowa ,,agricultural ,,college4 ,pear ,blight4--,no4 #b4 ,the mere experience of an individual1 whether as a doctor of medicine1 horticulture1 or agriculture--however extensive1 is comparatively worthless4 ,indeed the million demonstrate it to be mischievous1 judging from the success of quacks and empyrics as to money4 ,an unlimited number of facts and certificates prove nothing1 either as to cause or remedy4 ,sir ,isaac ,newton's corpuscular theory explained all the phenomena of light1 except one1 and he actually assumed1 for it fits4 ,nevertheless it will ever remain the most thinkable mode of teaching the laws of light1 and it is not probable that any more than this will ever be accomplished as to any natural science--if that can be called science about which we must admit that it is not so2 but it is as if it were so4 ,of more than #cjj ,osband ,summer which ,i grafted on the ,anger quince successfully1 one remains1 and this one was transplanted after they had fruited in a clay soil1 to the same sort of soil between the old standard and a stable1 both of which have occupied the same locality and within twenty yards1 during much more than fifty years of my own observation--this ,osband ,summer flourishes4 ,it has borne fruit in its present site1 but grew so rapidly last year that the blossoms aborted thus illustrating the large proportion of vital force necessary to the production of fruit1 as the site has a perennial supply of manure from the old stable4 ,a number of standard trees1 of the same variety1 developed beautifully until they attained twenty or thirty feet1 but then succumbed to the blight1 after the first effort at fruiting4 ,so also the ,beurre ,clairgean etc41 etc4 ,their exposure to the same influences1 and their growth during several years did not occasion the blight1 but the debility which must inevitably attend fruiting seems the most prolific cause4 ,all the phenomena of pear blight can be accounted for1 and we are greatly encouraged in protecting the trees therefrom if1 we assume1 it is only the result of weakness and deficient vitality2 if so1 as in epidemics1 all the pear trees may be poisoned or ergotized1 but only the weakest succumb2 and perhaps this debility may be confined to one limb4 ,the practical value of this view is manifest1 as it is impracticable to avoid using the same knife1 and remove every blighted leaf from the orchard4 ,moreover1 if the limb is a large one1 its prompt removal shocks the vitality of the whole tree#a and thus renders other parts more vulnerable4 ,on the contrary view1 the limb may be allowed to drop by natural process1 precisely as all trees in a forest shed their lower limbs1 leaving hardly a cicatrice or scar1 and this may be insured at any season by a cord of hemp twine1 firmly bound around the limb4 ,the inevitable strangulation1 and the healing of the stump 7without the mycelium of fungi which the knife or saw inevitably propagates by exposing a denuded surface1 if not more directly7 proceed more rapidly than the natural slough of limbs by starvation4 ,moreover the fruit may mature on such limbs during their strangulation1 as this may not be perfected before the subsequent winter4 ,the next practical result of my view is the fundamental importance of all those means which are calculated to husband the vital force of the tree during its first effort to fruit2 one of these is the use of a soil that will not produce more than twenty bushels of corn without manure1 thus a large proportion of the setts will be aborted1 but one half of what remains should be removed1 and subsequently the area beneath the limbs should have a wheelbarrow of good compost4 ,d4 ,s4 ,footnote #a3 ,,note4--,the shock as to vital force is demonstrated by the fact that when young trees are not trimmed at all their girth increases more rapidly1 and they bear fruit sooner4 ,moreover1 when old trees are severely pruned 7though not half the proportion of wood is removed7 they fail to bear during the next year4 ,i find that a hemp cord about the size of the stem of a tobacco pipe 7one-fourth inch diameter7 will soon become imbedded in the bark if firmly tied around a limb1 and perhaps this size is more efficient than a thicker cord4 ,the ,black ,walnut4 ,the black walnut is without doubt the most valuable tree we have for the rich lands of the corn belt1 ,west1 and one which is very easily grown everywhere if the farmer will only learn how to get it started4 ,how few we see growing on our prairies4 ,why8 ,simply because to have it we must grow it from the nuts4 ,it is nearly impossible to transplant black walnut trees of any size and have them live2 although it is a fact that whenever a non-professional attempts to grow them from the nuts he is almost sure to fail1 it is also a fact that there is no tree that is more easily grown from the seed than this1 if we only know how to do it4 ,it is my purpose in this note to tell how to do it1 and also how not to do it4 ,in the first instance we will suppose a man lives where he can gather the nuts in the woods4 ,when the nuts begin to fall let him plow deeply the plot of ground he wishes to plant and furrow it off three or four inches deep1 the distance apart he wishes his rows to be4 ,he will then go to the woods and gather what nuts he wishes to plant1 and plant them at once1 just as they come from the tree1 covering them just out of sight in the furrows4 ,this is all there is of it2 simple1 is it not8 ,but it will not do to gather a great wagon box full1 and let them stand in it until they heat1 or to throw them in a great heap on the ground and let them lay there until they heat4 ,it will not do1 either1 to hull them and let them lay in the sun a week or two1 or hull them1 dry them and keep them until spring1 and then plant2 none of these plans will do if you want trees4 ,of course if the nuts are hulled and planted at once they will grow2 but this hulling is entirely unnecessary4 ,besides1 the hulls seem to act as a special manure for the young seedlings1 causing them to grow more vigorously4 ,next1 we will suppose one wishes to plant walnuts where they can not be had from the woods1 but must be shipped in4 ,there seems to be only one plan by which this can be done safely every time1 which is as follows3 ,gather the nuts as they fall from the trees--of course when they begin to fall naturally all may be shaken down at once--and spread them not over a foot deep1 on the bare ground under the shade of trees4 ,cover out of sight with straw or leaves1 with some sticks to hold in place called a rot heap2 then after they are frozen and will stay so1 they may be shipped in bags1 boxes1 barrels1 or in bulk by the car-load1 and then1 again1 placed in rot heaps1 as above1 until so early in the spring as the soil is in workable condition4 ,then plant as directed in the fall1 except the soil should be firmly packed around the nuts4 ,keep free from weeds by good cultivation1 and in due time you will have a splendid grove4 ,there was an immense crop of walnuts in this district last fall1 and thousands of bushels were put up carefully1 in this way1 all ready for shipment before the weather became warm2 many more thousands were planted to grow seedlings from1 for1 notwithstanding the walnut transplants poorly when of considerable size1 the one year seedlings transplant with as little loss as the average trees4 ,there is no tree better adapted for planting to secure timber claims with than the black walnut1 and none more valuable when the timber is grown4 ,for this purpose the land should be plowed deeply1 then harrowed to fineness and firmness1 and furrowed out in rows four1 six1 eight1 or ten feet apart4 ,the nuts may then be planted as directed4 ,it is best to plant thickly in the rows1 then if too thick they can be thinned out1 transplanting the thinnings1 or selling them to the neighbors4 ,they should be thoroughly cultivated1 until large enough to shade the ground1 and thinned out as necessary as they grow larger4 ,a walnut grove thoroughly cultivated the first ten years will grow at least twenty feet high1 while one not cultivated at all would only grow two to three feet in that time4 ,d4 ,b4 ,,wier41 ,,lacon1 ,,ill4 ,notes on ,current ,topics4 ,,arbor ,,day4 ,why can not ,illinois have an ,arbor ,day as well as ,nebraska1 or any other ,state4 ,there ought to be ten millions of trees planted the coming spring within its borders--saying nothing of orchard trees--by the roadside1 on lawns1 for shade1 for wind breaks1 for shelter1 for mechanical purposes1 and for climatic amelioration4 ,nearly all our towns and villages need more trees along the streets or in parks2 thousands of our farms are suffering for them2 hundreds of cemeteries would be beautified by them1 and numberless homes would be rendered more pleasant and homelike by an addition of one1 two1 or a dozen1 to their bleak places4 ,can not ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer start a boom that will lead to the establishment of an ,arbor ,day all over the ,state8 ,why not8 ,there is yet time4 ,,hot-,,beds4 ,for the benefit of those who can not command the usual appliances for hot-beds1 ,i will say that they can be made so as to answer a good purpose very cheaply4 ,take a nice sunny spot that is covered with a sod1 if to be had4 ,dig off the sod in squares and pile them carefully on the north side and the ends of the pit1 to form the sides of the bed1 with a proper slope4 ,the soil thrown out from the bottom may be banked up against the sods as a protection4 ,after the bed is finished1 the whole may be covered with boards1 to turn the water off4 ,these answer in the place of glass frames4 ,as the main use for a hot-bed is to secure bottom heat1 very good results can be obtained in these cheaply constructed affairs4 ,after the seeds are up1 and when the weather will permit1 the boards must be removed to give light and air--but replaced at night and before a rain4 ,of course1 where large quantities of plants are to be grown1 of tender as well as hardy sorts1 it would be better and safer to go to the expense of board frames and glass for covering4 ,,don',t ,,do ,,it4 ,of course1 all the peach trees1 and many of the other stone fruits1 and most of the blackberry and raspberry plants1 will show discoloration of wood when the spring opens--so much so that many will pronounce them destroyed1 and will proceed to cut them away4 ,don't do it4 ,peaches have often been thus injured1 and by judicious handling saved to bear crops for years afterward4 ,but they will need to be thoroughly cut back4 ,trees of six or seven years old ,i have cut down so as to divest them of nearly all their heads1 when those heads seemed badly killed1 and had them throw out new heads1 that made large growth and bore good crops the following season4 ,cut them back judiciously1 and feed them well1 but don't destroy them4 ,and so with the berry plants4 ,wait and see1 before you destroy4 ,,pears ,,from ,,russia4 ,no one who reads ,prof4 ,budd's articles on ,russian ,pears1 can fail to be interested and struck with the prospect of future successful pear culture in the ,united ,states4 ,it is highly probable that ,russia is yet to give us a class of that fruit that will withstand the rigors of our climate4 ,but how is this to be accomplished8 ,individual enterprise can1 and doubtless will1 accomplish much in that direction2 but the object seems to me to be of sufficient importance to justify ,state or ,national action4 ,the great ,state of ,illinois might possibly add millions to her resources by giving material aid in the furtherance of this purpose--and a liberal expenditure by the ,general ,government1 through the ,department of ,agriculture1 or the ,american ,pomological ,society1 would be more usefully applied than many other large sums annually voted4 ,at all events1 another season of fruitage ought not to be allowed to pass without some concerted action for the purpose of testing the question4 ,some of our strongest nurserymen will likely be moving in the work1 but that will not be enough4 ,the propagator of that fruit1 however1 who will succeed in procuring from the ,european regions a variety of pears that will fill the bill required by the necessities of our soil and climate1 has a fortune at his command4 ,,old ,,winter lingers in the lap of spring1 truly1 this year of grace1 #ahhd4 ,here it is the #ajth of ,march1 and for over one hundred days we have had winter--winter2 but very few real mild and bright days1 such as we had when ,i was a boy4 ,the ,mississippi is frozen over still1 with no signs of breaking up1 and men1 women1 and children are sighing for sunshine and showers1 and daisies and violets4 ,the wood and coal bills have been enormous2 the pigs squeal in the open pens1 and cattle roam1 as usual1 shivering in the lanes and along the streets4 ,the song of a robin to-morrow morning would be a joyous sound to hear4 ,t4 ,g4 ,prunings4 ,tree-worship among the ancients had a most important influence on the preservation of forests in circumscribed places4 ,beautiful groves1 which would otherwise have been sacrificed on the altar of immediate utility1 were preserved by the religious respect for trees4--,milwaukee ,sentinel4 ,f4 ,k4 ,phoenix4 ,small trees have larger roots in proportion1 7#b7 they cost less1 7#c7 expressage of freight is less--expressing small trees is usually cheaper than freighting large ones1 and then so much more speedy1 7#d7 less labor handling1 digging holes1 etc41 7#e7 less exposed to high winds which loosen roots1 and kill many transplanted trees1 7#f7 planters can form heads and train them to their own liking1 7#g7 with good care in1 say five years1 they will overtake the common larger sized trees4 ,without good care1 better not plant any size4 ,the coming currant is ,fay's ,prolific4 ,it originated with ,lincoln ,fay1 of ,chautauqua county1 ,n4 ,y4 ,for many years he endeavored to raise a currant that would combine the size of the ,cherry currant with the productiveness of the ,victoria4 ,to this end he fertilized one with the pollen of the other1 and raised some thousands of seedlings1 from out of which he selected this as the one that most nearly realized his desires4 ,it is now sixteen years since this seedling was obtained4 ,for some eight or nine years ,mr4 ,fay tested this variety by the side of all the sorts in cultivation1 until becoming convinced of its superiority in several particulars over any of these1 he planted it extensively for his own marketing4 ,at a late meeting of the ,pennsylvania ,horticultural ,society1 the currant worm came in for a good deal of talk4 ,mr4 ,satterthwaite said that hellebore1 as we have often printed1 was the most effectual remedy4 ,he mixed it with water and applied it with a brush or whisk of straw4 ,if not washed off by rain for twenty-four hours and used every year1 the worms were easily got rid of4 ,mr4 ,saunders1 ,superintendent of the ,government ,gardens at ,washington1 and a gentleman thoroughly conversant with every branch of horticulture1 said that there was nothing so effectual with insects as ,london purple1 and1 though equally poisonous as ,paris green1 was much cheaper4 ,tobacco stems and refuse have also been found of great value in fruit culture4 ,pyrethrum1 he said1 would also kill all sorts of leaf-eating insects2 it is now largely cultivated in ,california1 and is hardy at least as far north as ,washington4 ,,josiah ,,hoopes in ,new ,york ,tribune3 ,in ,eastern ,pennsylvania and ,new ,jersey1 where1 literally1 no pears have been grown of late years1 the ,kieffer is doing well4 ,i know of no fruit so variable4 ,i ate specimens last season finely flavored and delicious2 again when they were weak and watery4 ,this fruit needs thinning on the trees and careful ripening in the house4 ,don't understand me to say that ,kieffer is best of all4 ,but here it is the most profitable for market that ,i know of1 as this is not a pear country1 as are portions of ,new ,york ,state4 ,as we go further south the ,kieffer seems to improve1 and ,i think ,mr4 ,berckmans1 of ,georgia1 will give it a good name with him4 ,yes1 the ,kieffer will command a higher price in ,philadelphia than any other pear1 and we think some people there know what good fruit is4 ,don't imagine ,i have any axe on the grindstone in this matter2 pecuniarily the ,kieffer is no more to me than the ,bartlett or dozens of other varieties4 ,illustration3 ,,floriculture ,some ,new ,plants4 ,,abutilon ,,thomsonii ,,plena4 ,it is one of the peculiarities of plant culture1 that after a certain number of years of cultivation1 any plant having the properties of sporting freely1 that is1 changing greatly from the original wild character of the plant1 will become double4 ,in most cases it first arises from seed1 but with the plant under notice it appears that it was what is called a bud variation1 that is1 that from some freak of a particular branch of a plant of the well-known ,a4 ,thomsonii1 the ordinary single flowers were found to be double4 ,this happening on a plant under the eye of a professional florist was taken off the plant and rooted1 and at once became its established character4 ,this phenomena of variation being fixed by separate propagation1 is by no means rare1 and not a few of our choice fruits1 flowers1 and vegetables had their origin by the same means4 ,it remains to be seen whether in this case it will be of much value except as a curiosity1 it having precisely the same leaf markings as the original1 which are a very distinct yellow mottling of the leaf in a field of green1 and for which the plant is valuable alone1 the flowers being quite of a secondary character4 ,the flowers are said to be perfectly double1 resembling in form a double hollyhock1 color deep orange1 shaded and streaked with crimson4 ,this is the first year it has been sent out1 and we shall not be surprised if it is soon followed by others1 for usually1 when the double condition of things has arrived no one has a monopoly of the curiosity4 ,,alternanthera ,,aurea ,,nana4 ,this is a charming new plant of decided merit to the carpet style of bedding or edging1 being very compact in growth1 easily kept to a line of the finest character1 and producing what is of great importance in the summer1 a line of golden yellow4 ,at times the old kind1 ,a4 aurea1 would come very good1 but more often it had far too much of a green shade to furnish the contrast sought after1 and1 as a result1 failed to bring out the effect the planter studied to produce4 ,it is a fitting companion to ,a4 amabilis1 ,a4 paronychioides1 and ,a4 versicolor1 and will be hailed with delight by our park florists and other scientific planters4 ,,bouvardia ,,thomas ,,meehan4 ,here we have a double scarlet bouvardia from the same raisers1 ,nanz and ,neuner1 that astonished the floral world a few years back1 with the double white ,b4 ,alfred ,neuner4 ,this new addition1 unlike the old1 which was another bud variation1 was secured by a cross between the old ,b4 leiantha1 scarlet with a single flower1 and ,alfred ,neuner1 double white4 ,if this is the real origin of the kind1 which we somewhat doubt1 for if our theory is correct1 that a certain amount of cultivation predisposes to double variation1 then it is not necessary to cross the double1 which in fact can not be done with a perfectly double flower--the organs of fructification being wanting with that of a single and seed-producing kind1 to account for the origin of a new double4 ,as is well known the old leiantha is one of the best scarlets yet1 and this new candidate for favor is said to unite the brilliant color and profuse blooming qualities of the old favorite ,b4 leiantha with the perfect double flowers of ,b4 ,alfred ,neuner4 ,there are now of this class of plants the three colors--white1 scarlet1 and pink--in double as well as single2 for instance1 a pink ,president ,garfield sported from and was fixed from the white ,a4 ,neuner1 a year or two ago4 ,,statice ,,suworowii ,,regal4 ,in this we have a right regal plant4 ,we first heard of it from the ,german catalogues1 early in the past winter4 ,this plant is now offered for sale by the florists of this country4 ,its description from the catalogues is as follows3 ,one of the finest novelties in the list of showy annuals lately introduced4 ,its branching flower spikes1 of a very bright rose1 with a crimson shade1 appear successively from ten to fifteen on each plant1 and measure1 each1 fully fifteen to eighteen inches in height1 and from one-half to one inch in breadth2 the foliage1 laying flat on the ground1 is comparatively small1 and completely hidden by the numerous flower spikes1 each leaf being five inches long1 and from one-half to two inches broad1 undulated and glaucous4 ,it is constantly in bloom during the summer and autumn1 and when in full bloom is a truly magnificent sight1 being one mass of flowers4 ,this class of plants are great favorites1 and we should judge by the colored flowers and description that this variety is a decided novelty4 ,,tea ,,roses1 ,,white ,,bon ,,silene4 ,this is another new aspirant for favor1 and comes out with the high sounding character of being in a white what the old ,bon ,silene is as a red winter tea rose4 ,the description from the catalogue is3 ,the buds are larger and more double than its parent 7the red ,b4 ,s47 and will produce more flower buds than any other white rose in cultivation4 ,it was raised by ,francis ,morat1 of ,louisville1 ,ky41 four years ago2 it is also a sport1 and from the old ,b4 silene4 ,should it retain the good flowering qualities1 fragrance1 and substance of the original kind1 with a pure white bud1 it will very soon work its way into popular favor4 ,usually a white variation has not the vitality that its colored progenitor had1 so that we say1 wait and see4 ,,edgar ,,sanders4 ,illustration3 ,,our ,,book ,,table ,pamphlets1 ,etc41 ,received4 ,a full and detailed account of the ,polled ,galloway breed of cattle is sent us by the ,rev4 ,john ,gillespie1 ,m4 ,a41 ,dumfries1 ,scotland4 ,the catalogue has also an appendix containing a correspondence on ,polled-,angus versus ,galloway cattle for the ,western ,states of ,america4 ,jabez ,webster's descriptive wholesale and retail price list of fruit and ornamental nursery stock1 etc41 ,centralia1 ,ill4 ,illustrated catalogue and price list of grape vines1 small fruits1 etc4 ,john ,g4 ,burrow1 ,fishkill ,village1 ,dutchess county1 ,n4 ,y4 ,the ,canadian ,entomologist1 by ,william ,saunders1 ,london1 ,ontario4 ,this is an exceedingly neat little pamphlet1 and contains articles upon many of the most important subjects relating to entomology1 by a number of prominent and well-known writers of the day4 ,the ,argus ,almanac for #ahhd4 ,this almanac is replete with useful information concerning the ,government1 public debt1 ,state elections from #ahgc to #ahhc1 finances of ,state of ,new ,york1 biographical sketches of ,state officers and members of the ,legislature1 etc41 etc4 ,price1 #be cents1 ,albany1 ,n4 ,y4 ,a ,primer of ,horticulture for ,michigan ,fruit ,growers4 ,this pamphlet has been prepared for the use of beginners in horticulture by ,charles ,w4 ,garfield1 ,secretary of the ,michigan ,state ,horticultural ,society1 and will be found very helpful to all such4 ,price1 #ae cents4 ,waldo ,f4 ,brown's illustrated spring catalogue of vegetable and flower seeds4 ,oxford1 ,ohio4 ,r4 ,h4 ,allen ,co4's descriptive catalogue of choice farm1 garden1 and flower seeds4 ,nos4 #ahi and #aia ,water ,st1 ,n4 ,y4 ,the ,manifesto1 a pamphlet devoted to the interests of our ,shaker friends4 ,compliments of ,charles ,clapp1 ,lebanon1 ,ohio4 ,,the ,,third ,,house4 ,its ,good and ,bad ,members--,the ,remarkable ,experiences of a ,close ,observer of ,its ,workings ,during a ,long ,residence at ,washington4 ,correspondence ,rochester ,democrat4 ,no city upon the ,american continent has a larger floating population than ,washington4 ,it is estimated that during the sessions of ,congress twenty-five thousand people1 whose homes are in various parts of this and other countries1 make this city their place of residence4 ,some come here1 attracted by the advantages the city offers for making the acquaintance of public men2 others have various claims which they wish to present1 while the great majority gather here1 as crows flock to the carrion1 for the sole purpose of getting a morsel at the public crib4 ,the latter class1 as a general thing1 originate the many schemes which terminate in vicious bills1 all of which are either directed at the public treasury or toward that revenue which the black-mailing of corporations or private enterprises may bring4 ,while walking down ,pennsylvania avenue the other day ,i met ,mr4 ,william ,m4 ,ashley1 formerly of your city1 whose long residence here has made him unusually well acquainted with the operations of the lobby4 ,having made my wants in this particular direction known1 in answer to an interrogative1 ,mr4 ,ashley said3 ,yes1 during my residence here ,i have become well acquainted with the workings of the ',third ,house1' as it is termed1 and could tell you of numerous jobs1 which1 like the ',heathen ,chinee1' are peculiar4 ,you do not regard the lobby1 as a body1 vicious1 do you8 ,not necessarily so1 there are good and bad men comprising that body2 yet there have been times when it must be admitted that the combined power of the ',third ,house' has overridden the will of the people4 ,the bad influence of the lobby can be seen in the numerous blood-bills that are introduced at every session4 ,but how can these be discovered8 ,easily enough1 to the person who has made the thing a study4 ,i can detect them at a glance4 ,tell me1 to what bills do you refer8 ,well1 take the annual gas bills1 for instance4 ,they are introduced for the purpose of bleeding the ,washington ,gas ,light company4 ,they usually result in an investigating committee which never amounts to anything more than a draft upon the public treasury for the expenses of the investigation4 ,another squeeze is the abattoir bills1 as they are called4 ,these1 of course1 are fought by the butchers and market-men4 ,the first attempt to force a bill of this description was in #ahgg1 when a prominent ,washington politician offered a fabulous sum for the franchise4 ,anything else in this line that you think of1 ,mr4 ,ashley8 ,yes1 there's the job to reclaim the ,potomac flats1 which1 had it become a law1 would have resulted in an enormous steal4 ,the work is now being done by the ,government itself1 and will rid the place of that malarial atmosphere of which we hear so much outside the city4 ,during your residence here have you experienced the bad results of living in this climate8 ,well1 while ,i have not at all times enjoyed good health1 ,i am certain that the difficulty which laid me up so long was not malarial4 ,it was something that had troubled me for years4 ,a shooting1 stinging pain that at times attacked different parts of my body4 ,one day my right arm and leg would torture me with pain1 there would be great redness1 heat and swelling of the parts2 and perhaps the next day the left arm and leg would be similarly affected4 ,then again it would locate in some particular part of my body and produce a tenderness which would well nigh drive me frantic4 ,there would be weeks at a time that ,i would be afflicted with an intermitting kind of pain that would come on every afternoon and leave me comparatively free from suffering during the balance of the twenty-four hours4 ,then ,i would have terrible paroxysms of pain coming on at any time during the day or night when ,i would be obliged to lie upon my back for hours and keep as motionless as possible4 ,every time ,i attempted to move a chilly sensation would pass over my body1 or ,i would faint from hot flashes4 ,i suffered from a spasmodic contraction of the muscles and a soreness of the back and bowels1 and even my eyeballs become sore and distressed me greatly whenever ,i wiped my face4 ,i became ill-tempered1 peevish1 fretful1 irritable and desperately despondent4 ,of course you consulted the doctors regarding your difficulty8 ,consulted them8 well ,i should say ,i did4 ,some told me ,i had neuralgia2 others that ,i had inflammatory rheumatism1 for which there was no cure1 that ,i would be afflicted all my life1 and that time alone would mitigate my sufferings4 ,but didn't they try to relieve your miseries8 ,yes1 they vomited and physicked me1 blistered and bled me1 plastered and oiled me1 sweat1 steamed1 and everything but froze me1 but without avail4 ,but how did you finally recover8 ,i had a friend living in ,michigan who had been afflicted in a similar way and had been cured4 ,he wrote me regarding his recovery and advised me to try the remedy which cured him4 ,i procured a bottle and commenced its use1 taking a teaspoonful after each meal and at bed-time4 ,i had used it about a week when ,i noticed a decrease of the soreness of the joints and a general feeling of relief4 ,i persevered in its use and finally got so ,i could move around without limping1 when ,i told my friends that it was ,warner's ,safe ,rheumatic ,cure that had put me on my feet4 ,and do you regard your cure as permanent8 ,certainly1 ,i haven't been so well in years as ,i am now1 and although ,i have been subjected to frequent and severe changes of weather this winter1 ,i have not felt the first intimation of the return of my rheumatic trouble4 ,do you object to the publication of this interview1 ,mr4 ,ashley8 ,not at all1 sir4 ,i look upon it as a duty ,i owe my fellow creatures to alleviate their sufferings so far as ,i am able1 and any communication regarding my symptoms and cure that may be sent to me at #ejf ,maine avenue will receive prompt and careful attention4 ,judging from your recital1 ,mr4 ,ashley1 there must be wonderful curative properties about this medicine8 ,indeed1 there is1 sir1 for no man suffered more nor longer than did ,i before this remedy gave me relief4 ,to go back to the original subject1 ,mr4 ,ashley1 ,i suppose you see the same familiar faces about the lobby session after session8 ,no1 not so much so as you might think4 ,new faces are constantly seen and old ones disappear4 ,the strain upon lobbyists is necessarily very great1 and when you add to this the demoralizing effect of late hours and intemperate habits and the fact that they are after found out in their steals1 their disappearance can easily be accounted for4 ,what proportion of these blood-bills are successful8 ,a very small percentage1 sir4 ,notwithstanding the power and influence of the lobby1 but few of these vicious measures pass4 ,were they successful it would be a sad commentary upon our system of government1 and would virtually annihilate one branch of it4 ,the great majority of them are either reported adversely or smothered in committee by the watchfulness and loyalty of our congressmen4 ,j4 ,e4 ,d4 ,,miscellaneous4 ,,one ,,cent invested in a postal card and addressed as below ,,will give to the writer full information as to the best lands in the ,united ,states now for sale2 how he can ,,buy them on the lowest and best terms1 also the full text of the ,u4 ,s4 land laws and how to secure #cbj ,,acres of ,government ,lands in ,northwestern ,minnesota and ,northeastern ,dakota4 ,,address3 ,,james ,b4 ,,power1 ,land and ,emigration ,commissioner1 ,,st4 ,,paul1 ,,minn4 ,illustration of a scale ,,chicago ,,scale ,,co4 #b ,,ton ,,wagon ,,scale1 #dj1 #c ,,ton1 #ej4 #d ,ton #fj1 ,beam ,box ,included4 #bdj lb4 ,,farmer',s ,,scale1 #e4 ,the ,little ,detective1 #a_/d oz4 to #be lb4 #c4 #cjj ,,other ,,sizes4 ,reduced ,,price ,,list ,,free4 ,illustration of a tool ,,forges1 ,,tools1 c4 ,,best ,,forge ,,made ,,for ,,light ,,work1 #aj4 #dj lb4 ,anvil and ,kit of ,tools4 #aj4 ,farmers save time and money doing odd jobs4 ,blowers1 ,anvils1 ,vices ,other ,articles ,,at ,,lowest ,,prices1 ,,wholesale ,,retail4 ,,hoosier ,,auger ,,tile ,,mill4 ,illustration of a tile machine ,mills on hand4 ,prompt delivery4 ,,for ,,prices ,,and ,,circulars1 ,,address ,,nolan1 ,,madden ,,co41 ,rushville1 ,ind4 ,,don',t you want a #cj1 #bf ,shot ,repeating ,rifle for #ae1 a #cj ,breech ,loading ,shot ,gun for #af1 a #ab ,concert ,organette for #g1 a #be ,magic ,lantern for #ab4jj4 ,,you can get any of these articles ,,free1 ,if you get up a club for the ,new ,american ,dictionary4 ,send #a4jj for a sample copy and try it4 ,if you have a ,lantern you can start a business that will pay you from #aj to #ej every night4 ,,want ,send at once for our ,illustrated ,catalogue of ,watches1 ,self-cocking ,revolvers1 ,spy ,glasses1 ,telescopes1 ,telegraph ,instruments1 ,organ ,accordeons1 ,violins1 c4 ,it may start you on the road to rapid wealth4 ,,world ,,manufacturing ,,co41 #abb ,nassau ,street1 ,new ,york4 ,illustration of a magnetic truss ,,rupture ,absolutely cured in #cj to #ij days1 by ,dr4 ,pierre's ,patent ,magnetic ,elastic ,truss4 ,warranted the only ,electric ,truss in the world4 ,entirely different from all others4 ,perfect ,retainer1 and is worn with ease and comfort night and day4 ,cured the renowned ,dr4 ,j4 ,simms of ,new ,york1 and hundreds of others4 ,new ,illustrated pamphlet free1 containing full information4 ,,magnetic ,,elastic ,,truss ,,company41 #acd ,,madison ,,st41 ,,chicago1 ,,ill4 ,a ,,prize4 ,send six cents for postage1 and receive free1 a costly box of goods which will help all1 of either sex1 to more money right away than anything else in this world4 ,fortunes await the workers absolutely sure4 ,at once address ,,true ,,co41 ,augusta1 ,maine4 #ajjj ,every #ajj ,days ,positively sure to ,agents everywhere selling our ,new ,,silver ,,mould ,,white ,,wire ,,clothes-,,line4 ,warranted4 ,pleases at sight4 ,cheap4 ,sells readily at every house4 ,agents clearing #aj per day4 ,farmers make #ijj to #abjj during ,winter4 ,handsome samples free4 ,address1 ,,girard ,,wire ,,mills1 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 ,,publishers' ,,notice4 ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer is printed and published by ,the ,prairie ,farmer ,publishing ,company1 every ,saturday1 at ,no4 #aej ,monroe ,street4 ,subscription1 #b4jj per year1 in advance1 postage prepaid4 ,subscribers wishing their addresses changed should give their old at well as new addresses4 ,advertising1 #be cents per line on inside pages2 #cj cents per line on last page--agate measure2 #ad lines to the inch4 ,no less charge than #b4jj4 ,all ,communications1 ,remittances1 c1 should be addressed to ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer ,,publishing ,,company1 ,chicago4 ,ill4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer ,entered at the ,chicago ,post ,office as ,second-,class ,matter4 ,,chicago1 ,,march #bb1 #ahhd4 ,,when ,,subscriptions ,,expire4 ,we have several calls for an explanation of the figures following the name of subscribers as printed upon this paper each week4 ,the first two figures indicate the volume1 and the last figure or figures the number of the last paper of that volume for which the subscriber has paid3 ,,example3 ,john ,smith1 #ef-bf4 ,john has paid for ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer to the first of ,july of the present year1 volume #ef4 ,any subscriber can at once tell when his subscription expires by referring to volume and number as given on first page of the paper4 ,,renew6 ,,renew66 ,remember that every yearly subscriber1 either new or renewing1 sending us #b1 receives a splendid new map of the ,united ,states and ,canada--#ehx#da inches--,,free4 ,or1 if preferred1 one of the books offered in another column4 ,it is not necessary to wait until a subscription expires before renewing4 ,transcriber's ,note3 ,original location of ,table of ,contents4 ,the next fair of the ,jefferson ,county1 ,wisconsin1 ,agricultural ,society will be held the second week in ,september4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the potato which has sold for the highest price in ,boston all the season is the ,early ,rose4 ,this has been one of the most remarkable potatoes known in the history of this esculent4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a ,gentleman residing at ,milk's ,grove1 ,iroquois county1 ,illinois has obtained a patent for a new and cheap building material2 this material is straw and concrete pressed together and bound with wires4 ,he thinks he has a good thing4 ,time will tell4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the ,chamber of ,commerce at ,lyons1 ,france1 protests to the government against the embargo on ,american pork4 ,trichiniasis prevails in various parts of the ,german empire4 ,it is traced to the use of uncooked home-grown pork4 ,here we score two points in favor of the ,american hog product4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the excellent articles on ,silk ,culture by ,e4 ,l4 ,meyer1 ,esq41 have attracted very general attention1 as is proven by the number of letters we have received asking for his address4 ,this was unintentionally omitted4 ,mr4 ,meyer resides at ,hutchinson1 ,kan4 ,the article was originally prepared for the quarterly report of the ,kansas ,board of ,agriculture4 99 99 99 99 99 ,our ,indiana friends should remember that in that ,state1 ,arbor ,day occurs ,april #aath4 ,a general effort is being made to interest the teachers1 pupils1 and directors of the district schools in the observance of the day by planting of trees and shrubs in the school yards4 ,it is to be hoped that the people generally will countenance the observance in all possible ways4 99 99 99 99 99 ,prof4 ,s4 ,a4 ,forbes writes us that there is needed for the ,library of the ,state ,natural ,history ,society1 back numbers of ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer for the following years and half years3 #aheb1 #ahee1 #ahef1 #aheg1 #aheh1 #ahei1 #ahfj1 second half year of #ahfb1 #ahfd1 and #ahgd4 ,persons having one or all of these volumes to dispose of will confer a favor by addressing the ,professor to that effect at ,normal1 ,ill4 99 99 99 99 99 ,florida vegetables are coming into ,chicago quite freely4 ,cucumbers are selling on ,south ,water street at from #a4ej to #b per-dozen4 ,they come in barrels holding thirty dozen4 ,radishes now have to compete with the home-grown1 hot-house article1 and do not fare very well1 as the latter are much fresher4 ,lettuce is comparatively plenty1 as is also celery4 ,apples sell at from #d to #f per barrel1 and the demand is good4 99 99 99 99 99 ,mercedes1 the famous ,holstein cow owned by ,thos4 ,b4 ,wales1 ,jr41 of ,iowa ,city1 died on the #agth inst41 of puerperal fever1 having previously lost her calf4 ,mercedes enjoyed the reputation of being the greatest milk and butter cow in the world4 ,her last year's calf it will be remembered was sold for #d1ejj4 ,the cow and calf just dropped were valued at #aj1jjj4 ,the butter record alluded to was ninety-nine pounds six and one-half ounces in thirty days4 ,the test was in #ahhc4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the ,mark ,lane ,express in its review of the ,british grain trade last week says the trade in cargoes off coast was more active1 but the supply bare4 ,california was taken at #cidas per quarter4 ,two cargoes have gone to ,havre at #cis #aa-a_/b;d#cis #c;d without extra freight4 ,seven cargoes have arrived1 ten were sold1 eight withdrawn1 and one remained4 ,sales of ,english wheat for a week1 #ei1fii quarters at #cgs4 #g;d4 per quarter1 against #eg1hbd quarter at #dbs4 #b;d4 the corresponding week of last year4 99 99 99 99 99 ,at the next ,american ,fat ,stock ,show in ,chicago1 there promises to be an extensive exhibit of dairy products4 ,the ,illinois ,dairymen's ,association will have it in charge1 and the ,state ,board of ,agriculture has decided to appropriate #ejj as a premium fund for the ,dairymen's ,association4 ,it is rather strange1 yet nevertheless true1 that ,illinois has never yet had an exhibition of dairy products at all commensurate with the importance of the dairy interest of the ,state4 ,it may now be reasonably predicted that this remark will not remain true after ,november next4 ,we have heard nothing said about it1 but it is to be presumed there will be no extra charge to visit this exhibit4 ,the managers of the ,fat ,stock ,show have not been satisfied1 we believe1 with experiments in this direction4 99 99 99 99 99 ,many years ago a young ,scotch gardener brought from ,mexico to ,kenosha1 ,wis41 a specimen of the ,century plant4 ,it was then supposed to be about twenty years old4 ,for more than forty years this man cared for his pet with unflagging faithfulness4 ,dying at the age of sixty-five he left it to the care of a little daughter of a lady who had shown him kindness4 ,this girl grew to womanhood and to middle age caring tenderly for the plant4 ,about two years ago the plant exhibiting signs of blooming1 a gentleman joined with the lady and erected a building for it near the ,exposition building1 in this city4 ,here it has since been1 but through carelessness it was unduly exposed to the terrible freeze of the first week in ,january last1 and the plant is now past recovery4 ,the lady had expended upon it about all the means she possessed expecting to reap from admission fees to see it a rich reward4 ,thus eighty years of care and constant expense came to naught in a single night4 ,a neglect to order coal resulted in the fire going out just when the cold was the most intense4 ,one can hardly imagine the disappointment and regret of the lady who had nursed it with such care for nearly a lifetime4 ,,lumber ,,and ,,shingles4 ,the white pine lumber product of the ,northwest last year was according to latest returns1 #g1fbd1ghi1ghf feet against #c1iic1ghj1jjj in #ahgc1 and more than double what it was in #ahgd4 ,in #ahhb the production was nearly #ajj1jjj1jjj feet less than last year4 ,the smallest product of the decade was in #ahgg--c1eie1ccc1dif feet4 ,what is termed the ,chicago ,district1 including the points of ,green ,bay1 ,cheboygan1 ,manistee1 ,ludington1 ,white ,lake1 ,muskegon1 ,grand ,haven1 and ,spring ,lake1 and a few scattering mills gave a product in #ahhc of #b1aaa1jgj1jgf feet4 ,at ,ludington and ,grand ,haven there has been a decline in the product since #ahgc2 at all the other points the increase has been considerable1 amounting to a total of nearly #hjj1jjj1jjj feet4 ,the largest cut is on the ,mississippi river in what is known as the ,west of ,chicago ,district4 ,here in #ahgc the product amounted to #fej1jjj1jjj feet2 last year it reached #a1bij1jfb1fij feet4 ,the ,saginaw ,valley gives the next greatest yield #ifa1gha1afd feet4 ,the total ,saginaw district gave last year #a1dci1heb1jfg feet against #gib1ceh1jjj ten years ago4 ,the total of the ,west of ,chicago ,district was #c1acd1cca1gic against #a1cec1jjj1jjj in #ahgc4 ,the ,railroad and ,interior ,mills ,district has increased something over #bjj1jjj1jjj feet in this period4 ,in shingles we have the grand product in all the ,northwest of #c1ifd1gcf1fci against #b1bgg1dcc1eej in #ahgc4 ,the greatest increase was in the ,chicago ,district as given above1 and here ,ludington and ,grand ,haven come in for an increase at the former place of over #cc1jjj1jjj1 and the latter of more than #ajj1jjj1jjj4 ,the total production of shingles in #ahhb was larger than last year by about #acj1jjj1jjj1 but with that exception was the largest ever known4 ,the census of #ahhj placed the annual lumber product of the ,united ,states at #ah1jjj1jjj1jjj feet4 ,the ,northwest then produced #e1fea1bie1jjj feet or nearly one-third the entire product of the country4 ,if this ratio has been uniform since we must now have a yield of over #bj1jjj1jjj1jjj feet4 ,these are figures of enormous magnitude and of varied import4 ,they mean employment to an army of men1 a large shipping interest1 vast investments in mills and machinery1 and vast incomes to owners of pine lands2 they mean houses and barns and fences to a new and populous empire2 they mean numberless farms and millions of live stock4 ,they also signify a rapid destruction of our immense forests from the face of the earth1 enormous prices for lumber to future generations1 and possible floods to devastate our river bottoms1 and drouths to scourge the highlands4 ,they should impress us all with the necessity and the profitableness of timber planting on the unsettled and newly settled prairies and in thousands of places in all the older ,states4 ,,foot-,,and-,,mouth ,,disease4 ,alarming reports from different parts of the country announcing the presence of foot-and-mouth disease have caused no inconsiderable excitement among the people and in ,government circles4 ,first there came news of an outbreak in ,effingham county1 ,illinois1 then in ,louisa county1 ,iowa1 quickly followed by similar information from ,adair county1 ,missouri4 ,dr4 ,paaren1 dispatched to ,effingham county by the ,governor1 reports the trouble there not foot-and-mouth disease4 ,there does exist a disease there1 however1 similar to foot-rot in sheep1 that is proving fatal to many cattle4 ,there have also been outbreaks of disease among cattle near ,duquoin and ,xenia1 ,illinois1 which ,dr4 ,paaren has been directed to investigate4 ,no official reports as to the disease in ,iowa and ,missouri have been received1 though ,government ,veterinary inspectors are now upon the ground making their investigations4 ,it is said that several hundred head of cattle are affected in ,missouri1 though this is probably an exaggeration4 ,there is no news regarding the disease in ,maine4 ,reports from ,kansas say the infected herds are strictly quarantined1 and that as yet no fresh outbreaks have occurred4 ,it is proposed to annihilate the five infected herds4 ,gov4 ,glick has convened the ,legislature of ,kansas in order that proper measures may be taken to protect the cattle interests of the ,state4 ,a ,des ,moines dispatch dated the #aeth1 says letters from ,louisa county to the ,governor in regard to the new cattle disease were read in the ,house1 and on motion of ,mr4 ,watrous that body adopted the substitute for the bill providing for the appointment of a ,state veterinary surgeon4 ,the substitute authorizes the veterinary surgeon to destroy all stock affected with contagious disease4 ,the bill is intended to enable the ,state to take action in the foot-and-mouth disease now affecting the stock4 ,discussion then followed upon the substitute1 which was taken up section by section1 and it was for the most part adopted4 ,the series of reported outbreaks mentioned has aroused ,congress to the necessity of action4 ,the ,senate on ,monday passed a joint resolution appropriating #ej1jjj for the suppression of the disease in whatever ,state or ,territory it appears4 ,it is to be hoped that the ,animal ,industry bill will at once pass and become a law4 ,the cattle dealers at the ,chicago ,union ,stock ,yards have organized a ,live ,stock ,exchange1 and the first action taken by it is to fight this bill in ,congress4 ,emory ,a4 ,storrs1 attorney for the heavy brokers1 is in ,washington working might and main for its defeat4 ,he finds it uphill work1 evidently1 for on ,monday he sent a dispatch to ,nelson ,morris in these words3 ,send to-day a delegation of strong men2 everything now depends on backing2 wire me at once protest2 have seen several senators this morning2 advise me when delegation starts2 have them stop at ,riggs house4 ,acting under this advice the ,exchange passed the following resolutions of unbelief4 ,whereas1 ,it is the universal sentiment of the ,chicago ,live ,stock ,exchange1 at the ,union ,stock ,yards in ,chicago1 that the bill now pending before ,congress1 known as the ,animal ,industry bill1 is dangerous in its design1 not called for by the condition of the live stock interest in this country1 and tends to place too much power in the ,department of ,agriculture at ,washington2 therefore1 ,resolved1 ,that ,elmer ,washburn1 ,allan ,gregory1 ,f4 ,d4 ,bartlett1 ,b4 ,f4 ,harrison1 and ,h4 ,h4 ,conover1 members of this exchange1 be1 and hereby are1 appointed a committee1 with instructions to proceed forthwith to ,washington1 and present these resolutions to the proper authorities to prevent the passage of said ,animal ,industry bill4 ,resolved1 ,further1 that owing to the present excitement throughout the ,united ,states over the false alarm of pleuro-pneumonia and foot-and-mouth disease1 that we1 as a body1 should express our views fully upon this question4 #a4 ,we do not believe there is such a disease as contagious pleuro-pneumonia existing throughout the ,united ,states4 #b4 ,we do not believe that such a disease as the foot-and-mouth disease exists in either ,illinois1 ,iowa1 or ,kansas4 #c4 ,that at no time within the space of twenty years have the cattle1 sheep1 or hogs of this country been in as healthy a condition as at the present time2 for while we are in favor of strict quarantine laws to prevent any importation of disease into this country from abroad1 we believe if any disease should break out in this ,state1 or any other ,state1 that the citizens would be interested sufficiently to stamp it out without expense to the ,national ,government4 ,while these resolutions were being discussed ,dr4 ,detmers appeared in the hall 7accidentally of course67 and gave it as his opinion that not a single case of foot-and-mouth disease existed in ,america to-day4 ,but the ,doctor has so often put his foot in it in his mouthings about animal diseases in the past that his beliefs or disbeliefs have little weight with the public4 ,the ,doctor is evidently put out because he was not called upon to visit the infected districts1 for he is reported as ending his harangue by declaring he was tired of working for the ,government1 and offered his services to the ,live ,stock ,exchange4 ,such1 in brief1 is a summary of the news of the week concerning the foot-and-mouth disease outbreaks in the ,states4 ,,premiums ,,on ,,corn4 ,as briefly stated in a previous issue of ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer1 the ,illinois ,state ,board of ,agriculture offers a premium of #ajj for the best bushel of corn 7in ear7 grown this year in the northern division of the ,state1 and #ej for the second best bushel3 and a like premium for the best and second best bushel grown in the central and southern divisions4 ,these divisions correspond with the three judicial divisions of the ,state4 ,the following are the conditions3 ,each of the parties awarded the first premium to deliver twenty-five bushels1 and each of the parties awarded the second premium to deliver fifteen bushels of corn in the ear in sacks to the ,state ,board of ,agriculture at ,springfield1 ,ill4 ,the corn delivered to be equal in quality to the samples awarded the respective premiums4 ,the premiums to be paid when the premium bushels of corn and the amounts called for are compared at the rooms of the ,department of ,agriculture and favorably reported upon by the committee4 ,affidavit as to measurement of land and yield of corn are required4 ,we suppose also that competitors are to furnish characteristics of soil1 variety of seed1 kinds of manure used1 mode of cultivation etc41 as these facts would seem to be necessary if the public is to receive the full benefits of the experiments the premiums are likely to bring out4 ,it is understood that the corn delivered to the ,state ,board as per above conditions is to be in some judicious manner distributed to the corn-growers of the ,state for planting in #ahhe4 ,,the ,,first ,,unfortunate ,,result4 ,there recently began in ,scotland an earnest movement to induce the ,british ,government to remove the restrictions regarding the importation of ,american cattle1 so far at least as to allow the admission of store cattle for feeding purposes4 ,meetings have been held in various parts of ,scotland at which petitions like the following were adopted4 ,to the ,right ,honorable ,william ,ewart ,gladstone4 ,we1 the undersigned1 farmers and others1 respectfully submit that the present law which allows the importation of cattle from the ,united ,states1 and shuts out store cattle1 is unjust and oppressive to the farmers of this country1 and enhances the price of meat to the public4 ,we therefore crave that her ,majesty's ,government would open the ,scottish ports to the introduction of store cattle from the ,western ,states where disease does not exist4 ,at a meeting at ,montrose1 where the above petition was favorably acted upon1 ,mr4 ,falconer1 an ,angus farmer1 in supporting the motion1 said that the first great remedy for the present depression was to get cheap store cattle1 and that would never be got until they opened their ports to the ,western ,states of ,america4 ,he held that if farmers would agree to insist on live store cattle being allowed to be landed in ,britain1 they would soon get them4 ,when they get them1 he1 if then alive1 would be quite willing to take all the responsibility if they found an unsound or unhealthy animal amongst them4 ,he appealed to butchers in ,montrose1 who had been in the way of killing ,states or ,canadian cattle1 if they were not totally free of disease2 and he would like to ask them how many ,irish cattle they killed which were perfectly healthy4 ,if they got stores from ,america1 they would not effect a saving in price1 but1 as they all knew1 sound healthy cattle fed much quicker than unsound1 and were of better quality1 and thus an additional item of profit would be secured to the farmer4 ,mr4 ,a4 ,milne1 cattle-dealer1 ,montrose1 corroborated ,mr4 ,falconer's statements as to the healthiness of ,american stock1 while ,irish cattle1 as a rule1 he said1 had very bad livers4 ,mr4 ,adamson1 ,morphie1 said he had recently been in the ,western ,states of ,america1 and had seen a number of the ranches in ,nebraska1 ,wyoming1 and ,colorado4 ,the cattle there were certainly fine animals--well bred1 as a rule1 either from ,herefords or ,short-horns1 with a dash of the ,texan cattle in them4 ,when there1 he made careful inquiries as to the existence of disease1 and he was universally told that such a thing as epidemic disease was unknown4 ,no doubt in the southern part of ,texas there was a little ,texan fever1 but that1 like yellow fever1 was merely indigenous to the district4 ,it was never seen out of these parts4 ,he considered it would be a great boon to the farmers of ,scotland if they could get cattle ,l#c or ,l#d cheaper than at present4 ,it would save a very considerable amount of money in stocking a farm1 and would also tell on the profits of the feeders1 and the prices paid by the consumers4 ,they had them to spare in ,america in the greatest possible abundance4 ,at a late meeting of the ,prairie ,cattle ,company1 having headquarters in ,scotland1 sheriff ,guthrie ,smith expressed the opinion that the great profit in the future of ,american ranch companies must be the trade in young cattle4 ,he believed that ,scottish farmers would ere long get all their young cattle1 not from ,ireland1 but from the ,united ,states4 ,it did not pay them to breed calves2 they were better selling milk4 ,the fattening of cattle for the butcher was the paying part of the business1 but the difficulty was to get yearlings or two-year-olds at their proper price4 ,here promised to arise a new outlet for ,american stock1 and one which most of us probably never thought of4 ,the proposition had in it the elements for the building up of a great commercial industry and of affording a new and rapid impetus to the breeding of cattle upon the plains4 ,but just at this time comes the outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease in ,kansas1 ,maine1 and ,illinois1 and of course puts an end to all hopes in this direction1 for many months at least4 ,this is the result of the disease at its first appearance4 ,here is prospective loss before the ,government veterinary surgeons fairly reach the field of operations against its spread--the loss of a trade which would have been worth many millions to the cattle raisers of the great ,west4 ,it is to be feared that this is but the beginning of the losses the disease will entail upon us4 ,can ,congress longer hesitate in this matter of providing an efficient law for protection from contagious animal diseases8 ,it would seem not4 ,our ,state authorities1 also1 must be alert1 and render all possible aid in preventing the spread of this wonderfully infectious disease4 99 99 99 99 99 ,we have a large number of letters and postal cards asking where various seeds1 plants1 shrubs1 trees1 silk-worm eggs1 bone dust and so on and so forth to an indefinite extent1 may be obtained4 ,we have answered some of these inquiries by letter1 some through the paper1 but they still keep coming4 ,we have one favor to ask of those seeking this sort of information3 ,first look through the advertisements carefully1 and see if what is wanted is not advertised4 ,the seedsmen's advertisements do not1 of course1 enumerate all the parties have for sale1 but it may be taken for granted that they keep nearly all kinds of grass1 grain1 and vegetable seeds4 ,we would also say to seedsmen that it will probably be found to pay them to advertise the seeds of the new grasses1 alfalfa1 the special fertilizers1 etc41 that are now being so much inquired about4 ,we have a large number of inquiries about where to obtain silk-worm eggs4 ,persons who have them certainly make a mistake in not advertising them freely4 ,questions ,answered4 ,o4 ,g4 ,b41 ,,sheboygan ,,falls1 ,,wis4--,will you give directions which will be practical for tanning skins or pelts with the fur or hair on by the use of oak bark8 ,,answer4--,we know of no way the thing can be done unless a part of the methods are used that are employed in the tanning of goat skins for making ,morocco leather4 ,these are3 to soak the skins to soften them2 then put them into a lime vat to remove the hair1 and after to take the lime out in a douche consisting of hen and pigeon dung4 ,this done1 the skins are then sewed up so as to hold the tanning liquid1 which consists of a warm and strong decoction of ,spanish sumac4 ,the skins are filled with this liquid1 then piled up one above the other and subsequently refilled1 two or three times1 or as fast as the liquid is forced through the skins4 ,if the furs or pelts were first soaked to soften them1 all the fatty1 fleshy matter carefully removed1 after sewed up as goat skins are1 and then filled and refilled several times with a strong decoction of white oak bark1 warm1 but not hot1 no doubt the result would prove satisfactory4 ,,dr4 ,j4 ,f4 ,,schlieman1 ,,hartford1 ,,wis4--,are there any works on the cultivation of the blueberry1 and if so could you furnish the same8 ,do you know of any parties that cultivate them8 ,,answer4--,we have never come across anything satisfactory on the cultivation of the blueberry except in ,le ,bon ,jardiniere1 which says3 ,the successful cultivation of the whole tribe of ,vacciniums is very difficult4 ,the shrubs do not live long and are reproduced with much difficulty1 either by layers or seeds4 ,the blueberry1 like the cranberry1 appears to be a potash plant1 the swamp variety not growing well except where the water is soft1 the soil peaty above and sandy below4 ,the same appears also to be true of the high land blueberry2 the soil where they grow is generally sandy and the water soft4 ,you can procure ,le ,bon ,jardiniere 7a work which is a treasure to the amateur in fruit and plants7 of ,jansen1 ,mc,clurg ,co41 of ,chicago1 at #cj cents1 the franc4 ,some parties1 we think1 offer blueberry plants for sale1 but we do not recollect who they are4 ,h4 ,,harris1 ,,holt',s ,,prairie1 ,,ill4--,will it do to tile drain land which has a hard pan of red clay twelve to eighteen inches below the surface8 ,,answer4--,it will do no harm to the land to drain it if there is a hard pan near the surface1 but in order to make tile draining effective on such land1 the drains will have to be at half the distance common on soils without the hard pan4 ,,subscriber1 ,,decatur1 ,,ill4--,in testing seed corn1 what per cent must sprout to be called first-class4 ,i have some twenty bushels of ,stowell's ,evergreen that was carefully gathered1 assorted1 and shelled by hand4 ,this ,i have tested by planting twenty-one grains1 of which sixteen grew4 ,how would you class it8 ,,answer4--,ninety-five1 certainly4 ,if five kernels out of twenty-one failed to grow1 that would be #ca per cent of bad seed1 and we should consider the quality inferior4 ,but further1 if under the favorable condition of trial1 #ca percent failed1 ten grains in every twenty-one would be almost sure to1 in the field4 ,it was a mistake to shell the corn2 seed should always remain on the cob to the last moment1 because if it is machine or hand-shelled at low temperature1 and put away in bulk1 when warm weather comes1 it is sure to sweat1 and if it heats1 the germ is destroyed4 ,better spread your corn out in the dry1 and where it will not freeze1 as soon as you can4 ,l4 ,c4 ,,leaniartt 787 ,,nebraska4--,i wish to secure a blue grass pasture in my timber for hogs4 #a4 ,will it be necessary to keep them out till the grass gets a good start8 #b4 ,shall ,i follow the directions you gave ,mr4 ,perkins in ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer1 ,february #i8 #c4 ,is not blue grass pasture the best thing ,i can give my hogs8 ,,answer4--#a4 ,better do so1 and you will then be more likely to get a good catch and full stand4 #b4 ,certainly1 if the conditions are the same4 #c4 ,blue grass is very good for hogs1 but it is improved by the addition of clover4 ,c4 ,c4 ,,samuels1 ,,springfield1 ,,ill4--#a4 ,what pears would you recommend for this latitude8 #b4 ,are there any which do not blight8 #c4 ,i have some grape vines1 light colored fruit1 but late1 ,elvira1 ,i think the nurseryman told me1 which appear to be suffering from something at the roots4 ,what is the phylloxera1 and what shall ,i do to my grape vines if they infest the roots8 ,,answer4--,the ,bartlett for certain--it being the best of all the pears--and the ,kieffer and ,le ,conte for experiment4 ,if the latter succeed you will have lots of nice large fruit just about as desirable for eating as a ,ben ,davis apple in ,may4 #b4 ,we know of one only1 the ,tyson1 a smallish summer pear that never blights1 at least in some localities1 where all others do more or less4 #c4 ,if your ,elviras are afflicted with the phylloxera1 a root-bark louse1 manure and fertilize them at once1 and irrigate or water them in the warm season4 ,the ,french vine-growers seem at last to have found out that lice afflict half starved grape roots1 as they do half starved cattle1 and that they have only to feed and water carefully to restore their vines to health4 ,j4 ,s4 ,s41 ,,springfield1 ,,ill4--,i am not a stock man nor a farmer2 but ,i have some pecuniary interests1 in common with others1 my friends1 in a ,kansas cattle ranch4 ,i am therefore a good deal exercised about this foot-and-mouth disease4 ,is it the terrible scourge reported by one cattle doctor1 who1 according to the papers1 says1 the only remedies are fire or death4 ,what do you say8 ,,answer4--,the disease is a bad one1 very contagious1 but easily yields to remedies in the first stages4 ,,thomas ,v4 ,,johnson1 ,,lexington1 ,,ky4--,there is a report here that your draft horses of all breeds are not crossing with satisfaction on your common steeds in ,illinois1 and that not more twenty five in one hundred of the mares for the last three years have thrown foal1 nor will they the present season4 ,can you give me the facts8 ,,answer4--,our correspondent has certainly been misinformed1 or is an unconscious victim of local jealousy1 as he may easily convince himself by visiting interior towns1 every one of which is a horse market4 ,wayside ,notes4 ,,by ,a ,,man ,,of ,,the ,,prairie4 ,a neighbor of mine who has been intending to purchase store cattle and sheep at the ,chicago ,stock ,yards soon1 asked me last night what ,i thought about his doing so4 ,i asked him if he had read what ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer and other papers had contained of late regarding foot-and-mouth disease in ,maine1 ,kansas1 ,illinois1 and ,iowa4 ,he had not2 did not take the papers1 and had not heard anything about the disease here or in ,england4 ,then ,i explained to him1 as best ,i could1 its nature1 contagious character1 etc41 and having a ,,prairie ,,farmer in my pocket1 read him your brief history of the ailment in ,great ,britain4 ,well1 that man was astonished4 ,finally1 said he1 ,what has that got to do with my question about buying cattle and sheep at the stock yards8 ,just this1 ,i replied3 every day there are arrivals at the stock yards of many thousands of cattle from these infected ,states4 ,perhaps some of them come from the very counties where this disease is known to exist4 ,the disease may break out any day in scores of places in all these ,states4 ,it may appear--indeed is quite likely to do so at the stock yards4 ,for aught ,i know it may be there now4 ,the cattle brokers will not be very likely to make known such an unwelcome fact a minute sooner than they are obliged to4 ,in fact1 from what they have lately been saying about the absurdity of new and stringent enactments concerning animal diseases1 ,i conclude they will labor to conceal cases that may really exist4 ,now you go there to pick up cattle to consume your pasturage this spring and summer1 and don't you see you run the risk of taking to your home and neighborhood a disease that may cost you and your neighbors many thousands of dollars8 ,if ,i were you ,i would pick up the stock ,i want in my own neighborhood and county1 even though not exactly the kind ,i would like to have1 and though it would cost me a great deal more time and trouble4 ,you see to a ,man of the ,prairie things look a little squally in this cattle business4 ,we have all got to be careful about this thing4 ,we have a terrible enemy at our stable doors and pasture gates1 and we must guard them well4 ,i am not an alarmist1 but ,i would run any time1 almost1 rather than get licked1 and ,i have always tried to keep a lock on the stable door before the horse is stolen4 ,i am in favor of in-trenchment4 ,perhaps my advice to my neighbor was not sound1 but according to the light ,i have1 ,i have no desire to recall it till ,i hear more from the infected districts4 ,to show the difference between the winter in ,colorado and the ,states this way and further west1 the ,farmer1 of ,denver1 mentions the fact that it knows a farmer who has had about two hundred acres of new land broken between the middle of ,november and the first of ,march4 ,still1 these ,eastern ,states have advantages which render them rather pleasant to live in4 ,our farmers find plenty of time in fall and spring in which to do their plowing and sowing1 and our severe winters don't seem to hurt the ground a bit4 ,in fact1 ,i suppose it has got used to them1 sort of acclimated1 as it were4 ,we have pretty good markets1 low railway fares1 good schools and plenty of them1 and we manage to enjoy ourselves just as well as though we could hitch up to the plow and do our breaking in ,december and ,january4 ,we can't all go to ,colorado1 ,dakota1 ,montana1 or ,washington ,territory1 nor to those other ,edens at the ,south and ,southwest where a man1 so far as winter is concerned1 may work about every day in the year2 but don't do so any more than we here at the ,north where we have the excuse of severe weather for our laziness between ,november and ,april4 ,i like ,colorado and ,wyoming1 ,arkansas and ,texas1 ,alabama and ,florida--for other people who like to make their homes there1 but my home is here and ,i like it4 ,i don't have to plow in winter1 and ,i don't need to4 ,i am going to try to do my duty and be happy where ,i am1 believing ,heaven to be just as near ,illinois as any other ,state or any ,territory4 ,i read in the dispatches this morning that the barns on a ranch near ,omaha burned the other night4 ,with the barns were consumed twenty-six cows1 eighteen horses1 #a1jjj bushels of corn and a large lot of hay and oats4 ,in all the loss amounted to above #aj1jjj and there was no insurance4 ,from all over the country and at all times of the year ,i read almost daily of similar losses varying from #ajj up into the thousands1 and the closing sentence of about nine out of ten of these announcements is no insurance4 ,now ,i am neither an insurance agent nor a lightning rod peddler1 but there are two luxuries that ,i indulge in all the time1 and these are an insurance policy to fairly cover my farm buildings and their contents1 and what ,i believe to be well constructed lightning rods in sufficient number to protect the property from electric eccentricities4 ,true1 my buildings have never suffered from fire or lightning and these luxuries have cost me no inconsiderable amount of cash1 but this money has brought me relief from a heap of anxiety1 for ,i know in case my property is swept away ,i am not left stripped and powerless to provide for my family1 and ,i know that it will not be necessary to mortgage the farm to furnish them a shelter4 ,i don't take cheap insurance either1 but invest my money in the policy of a company which ,i believe has abundant capital and is cautiously managed4 ,a wealthy man can take his fire risks in his own hands if he chooses1 but for a man of small or moderate means it seems to me the height of folly to do so4 ,i would rather go without tobacco or biled shirts than insurance and lightning rods4 ,i don't know that an ,american farmer ever had the gout4 ,certainly ,i never heard of such a case4 ,if one does get the ailment1 however1 if he keeps bees he always has a sure remedy at hand4 ,a ,german has discovered that if a bee is allowed to sting the affected part1 a cure is instantaneous4 ,why don't ,bismarck try this home remedy for his complication of gout and trichinae8 ,,remember that #b4jj pays for ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer one year1 and the subscriber gets a copy of ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer ,,county ,,map ,,of ,,the ,,united ,,states1 ,,free6 ,this is the most liberal offer ever made by any first-class weekly agricultural paper in this country4 ,illustration3 ,poultry ,notes4 ,poultry-,raisers4 ,write for ,your ,paper4 ,chicken ,chat4 ,one of my correspondents writes3 ,my hens don't eat well--they just pick over the food as if it were not good enough for them--and they don't lay well2 in fact they don't do much of anything except to mope about--not as if sick1 but as if lazy4 ,probably you have fed the same thing every day for the last six months1 and the hens are getting tired of it4 ,hens are like other people--they like a change of provender once in awhile--especially when confined indoors4 ,sometimes over-feeding will cause indigestion1 and then the biddies will exhibit the symptoms you describe4 ,in either case1 let the fowls fast for a whole day1 and then for a few days feed lightly with food that is different from what they have been living on4 ,give plenty of green food1 also ,douglas' mixture in the drinking water twice a week4 ,another correspondent wants to know why ,i always advise giving cooked food to fowls and chicks when uncooked food is the natural diet4 ,i advise cooked food because experience has taught me that it is much better for poultry than the raw articles would be4 ,because raw bugs and worms constitute the natural diet of fowls in their wild state1 it does not follow that raw meal and potatoes would be the best and most economical food for our domestic fowls4 ,other things being equal1 chicks that are fed on cooked food grow fatter1 are less liable to disease1 and thrive better generally than those who worry along on uncooked rations4 ,if you are short of sitting hens and don't own an incubator1 make the hens do double duty4 ,set two or more at the same time1 and when the chicks come out1 give two families to one hen1 and set the other over again4 ,to do this successfully1 the chicks must be taken from the nest as soon as dry and given to the hen that is to raise them2 for if a hen once leaves the nest with her chicks1 no amount of moral suasion will induce her to go back4 ,before giving the hen fresh eggs1 the nest should be renovated and the hen dusted with sulphur or something to prevent lice4 ,a lady who commenced raising thoroughbred poultry last season writes me that she proposes to sell eggs for hatching this season1 and asks for information about advertising1 packing eggs1 etc4 ,the advertising is easy enough3 all you have to do is to write a copy of your ad41 send it to ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer and other papers that circulate among farmers1 pay the bills1 and answer the postals and letters as they come4 ,but if ,i were in your shoes1 ,i would put my foot down on the postals to begin with2 they don't amount to anything anyway2 the people who ask a long string of questions on a postal card are not1 as a rule1 the ones who become customers4 ,before we went into the poultry business an old poultry-breeder said3 ,don't have anything to do with postals1 it don't pay4 ,we thought differently1 but to satisfy ourselves1 we kept track of the postals1 and to-day ,i have the addresses of over #cjj people who wrote us on postal cards4 ,how many of those people became customers8 ,just one1 and he was an ,ohio man4 ,when ,i go into that branch of the poultry business again1 my advertisements will contain a postscript which will read thusly3 ,no postals answered4 ,and you need not expect that every letter will mean business2 people who have not the remotest idea of buying eggs will write and ask your prices1 etc41 and you must answer them all alike4 ,here is where circulars save lots of work and postage4 ,i have sent you by mail what ,i call a model circular1 and from that you can get up something to fit your case4 ,pack your eggs in baskets in cut straw or chaff1 first wrapping each egg separately in paper4 ,the eggs should not touch each other or the basket4 ,put plenty of packing on top1 and with a darning needle and stout twine sew on a cover of stout cotton cloth4 ,for the address use shipping tags1 or else mark it plainly on the white cotton cover2 ,i prefer the latter way4 ,a day or two before you ship the eggs send a postal telling your customer when to look for them2 that's all that postals are good for4 ,concerning the duplicating of orders in cases of failure of the eggs to hatch1 ,i quote from one of my old circulars3 ,i guarantee to furnish fresh eggs1 true to name1 from pure-bred1 standard fowls1 packed to carry safely any distance4 ,in cases of total failure1 when the eggs have been properly cared for and set within two weeks after arrival1 orders will be duplicated free of charge4 ,i furnished just what ,i promised1 and when a total failure was reported ,i sent the second sitting free--though sometimes ,i felt sure that the eggs were not properly cared for1 and once a man reported a failure when1 as ,i afterwards learned1 eight eggs of the first sitting hatched4 ,but1 generally speaking1 my customers were pretty well satisfied4 ,it sometimes happens that only one or two eggs out of a sitting will hatch1 and naturally the customer feels that he has not received the worth of his money4 ,in such cases1 if both parties are willing to do just what is right1 the matter can be arranged so that all will be satisfied4 ,and you will sometimes get hold of a customer that nothing under the heavens will satisfy2 when this happens1 do just exactly as you would wish to be done by1 and there let the matter end4 ,if the lady who wrote from ,carroll county1 ,illinois1 concerning an incubator1 will write again and give the name of her postoffice1 she will receive a reply by mail4 ,,fanny ,,field4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,apiary4 ,spring ,care of ,bees4 ,although yesterday was very cold and inclement1 to-day 7,march #aath7 is warm and pleasant1 and bees that are wintered upon their summer stands will be upon the wing4 ,it would be well on such days as this to see that all entrances to hives are open1 so that no hindrances may be in the way of house-cleaning4 ,this is all we think necessary for this month1 provided they have plenty of stores to last until flowers bloom4 ,handling bees tends to excite them to brood rearing1 and veterans in bee-culture claim that this uses up the vitality of bees in spring very fast4 ,although more young may be reared1 it is at the risk of the old ones1 as they leave the hive in search of water2 many thus perish1 which often results in the death of the colony1 as the young perish for want of nurses4 ,sometimes1 also1 in handling bees early in the season the queens are lost1 as they may fall upon the ground1 yet chilled1 and perish4 ,bees consume food very fast while rearing brood2 naturalists tells us that insects during the larvae state consume more food than they do during the remainder of their existence4 ,where a bee-keeper has been so improvident as to neglect to provide abundance of stores for his bees he should examine them carefully1 and if found wanting1 remove an empty frame1 substituting a full one in its place4 ,where frames of honey are not to be had1 liquid honey and sugar can be kneaded together1 forming cakes1 which can be placed over the cluster4 ,care should be taken that no apertures are left1 thus forming a way for cold drafts through the hive4 ,these cakes are thought to excite bees less than when liquid food is given2 they have another advantage1 also1 viz41 bees can cluster upon them while feeding1 and do not get chilled4 ,bees that have been wintered in cellars1 or special repositories1 are often injured by being removed too early to their summer stands4 ,it would be better to let them remain1 and lower the temperature during warm days with ice1 until warm weather has come to stay4 ,an aged veteran in ,vermont that we visited the season following the disastrous winter of #ahhj-ha1 told us that his neighbors removed their bees from the cellar during a warm spell early in spring1 and they were then in splendid condition4 ,he let his bees remain until pollen was plentiful1 and brought them out1 all being in fine order2 by this time his neighbors' colonies were all dead4 ,good judgment and care must be exercised in removing bees from the cellar1 or disastrous results will follow4 ,we know of an apiary of over one hundred colonies that was badly injured1 indeed nearly ruined1 by all being taken from the cellar at once on a fine1 warm day4 ,the bees all poured out of the hives for a play spell1 like children from school1 and having been confined so long together in one apartment had acquired1 in some measure1 the same scent1 and soon things were badly mixed4 ,some colonies swarmed1 others caught the fever1 and piled up together in a huge mass4 ,this merry making may have been fun for the bees1 but it was the reverse of this for the owner1 as many queens were destroyed1 and hives that were populous before were carried from the cellar and left without a bee to care for the unhatched brood4 ,when it is time to remove bees from the cellar the stands they are to occupy should be prepared beforehand4 ,they should be higher at the back1 inclining to the front2 if the height of two bricks are at the back1 one will answer for the front4 ,this inclination to the front is an important matter2 it facilitates the carrying out of dead bees and debris from the hive1 the escape of moisture1 and last1 and most important item1 bees will build their comb straight in the frame instead of crosswise of the hive1 and their surplus comb in boxes correspondingly4 ,if a few hives are removed near the close of the day and put in different parts of the apiary1 the danger from swarming out is avoided1 for the bees will become quiet before morning1 and being far apart will not mix up when they have their play spell4 ,the success of bee-keeping depends upon the faithful performance of infinite little items4 ,the many friends of the ,rev4 ,l4 ,l4 ,langstroth will be pained to learn that he has a severe attack of his old malady and unable to do any mental work4 ,may the ,lord deal kindly and gently with him4 ,during the last fall and winter he has been the light of many conventions1 and it will be remembered as a pleasant episode in the lives of many bee-keepers that they had the privilege of viewing his beaming countenance1 hearing the words of wisdom as they escaped from his lips1 and taking the hand of this truly great and good man4 ,,mrs4 ,l4 ,,harrison ,extracted ,honey4 ,a couple of copies of ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer have lately come to my desk1 a reminder of my boyhood days1 when1 in the old home with my father1 ,i used to contribute an article now and then to its columns4 ,there is an old scrap-book on the shelf1 at my right1 now1 with some of those articles in it1 published nearly thirty years ago4 ,but my object in writing now is to add something to ,mrs4 ,harrison's article on ,extracted ,honey4 ,last year my honey crop was about #c1jjj pounds1 and half of this was extracted1 or slung honey1 as we bee-keepers often call it2 but for next year ,i have decided to raise nearly all comb honey1 for the reason that ,i do not get customers so readily for extracted honey4 ,i have never extracted until the honey was all1 or nearly all1 capped over1 and then admitted air into the vessels holding it1 so as to be absolutely sure of getting it dry1 and proof against souring4 ,this method has given me about half the amount others obtained by extracting as soon as the combs were filled by the bees1 and ripening afterward4 ,but in spite of all these precautions ,i find so much prejudice against extracted honey1 growing out of the ignorance of the public with regard to this sweet1 ignorance equaled only by the ignorance in regard to bees themselves1 that the sale of such honey has been very slow2 so slow that while my comb honey is reduced at this date to about #aej pounds1 ,i have several ten-gallon kegs of pure white honey still on hand4 ,especially is there a prejudice against candied honey1 though that is an absolute test of purity1 and it can be readily liquified1 as ,mrs4 ,h4 says1 without injury4 ,when ,i say that it is an absolute test of purity ,i mean that all honey that candies evenly is pure1 though some of the best honey ,i have ever had never candied at all4 ,in one case ,i knew the honey to candy in the combs of a new swarm early in autumn2 but some seasons1 particularly very dry ones1 it will hardly candy at all4 ,this difference seems to be due to the varying proportion of natural glucose1 which will crystallize1 and levulose1 or mellose1 which will not crystallize4 ,manufactured glucose will not crystallize2 and some of our largest honey merchants1 even the ,thurbers1 of ,new ,york1 have mixed artificial glucose with honey to avoid loss by the ignorant prejudice of the public4 ,,wm4 ,,camm41 ,,morgan ,,co41 ,,ill4 ,south'n ,wisconsin ,bee-keepers' ,ass'n4 ,the bee-keepers met in ,janesville1 ,wis41 on the #dth inst41 and organized a permanent society1 to be known as the ,southern ,wisconsin ,bee-keepers' ,association4 ,the following named persons were elected officers for the ensuing year3 ,president1 ,c4 ,o4 ,shannon2 ,vice-,president1 ,levi ,fatzinger2 ,secretary1 ,j4 ,t4 ,pomeroy2 ,treasurer1 ,w4 ,s4 ,squire4 ,the regular sessions of the association will be held on the first ,tuesday of ,march in each year4 ,special meetings will also be held1 the time of which will be determined at previous meeting4 ,the object of the association is to promote scientific bee-culture1 and form a bond of union among bee-keepers4 ,any person may become a member by signing the constitution1 and paying a fee of fifty cents4 ,the next meeting will be held at the ,pember house1 ,janesville1 on the first ,tuesday in ,may at #aj o'clock ,a4 ,m4 ,all bee-keepers are cordially invited to attend4 ,the ,secretary1 of ,edgerton1 ,rock ,co41 ,wis41 will conduct the correspondence of the association4 99 99 99 99 99 ,blue ,stem ,spring ,wheat66 ,the best variety of ,prairie ,wheat known4 ,yields largely and is less liable to blight than any other variety4 ,also celebrated ,judson ,oats for sale in small lots4 ,samples1 statement of yield and prices sent free upon application to ,,sampson ,,french1 ,woodstock1 ,pipestone ,co41 ,minn41 or ,storm ,lake1 ,iowa4 ,,maps4 ,,rand1 ,mc,n,a,l,l,y ,,co4',s ,,new ,,railroad --,,and-- ,,county ,,map --,,of ,,the-- ,,united ,,states --,,and-- ,,dominion ,,of ,,canada4 ,size1 #dx#b-a_/b feet1 mounted on rollers to hang on the wall4 ,this is an ,,entirely ,,new ,,map1 ,constructed from the most recent and authentic sources4 --,,it ,,shows-- ,,all ,,the ,,railroads1 --,,and-- ,every ,county and ,principal ,town --,,in ,,the-- ,,united ,,states ,,and ,,canada4 ,a useful ,map ,in every one's home1 and place of business4 ,price1 #b4jj4 ,agents wanted1 to whom liberal inducements will be given4 ,address ,,rand1 ,mc,n,a,l,l,y ,,co41 ,chicago1 ,ill4 ,by arrangements with the publishers of this ,map we are enabled to make the following liberal offer3 ,to each person who will remit us #b4be we will send copy of ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer one ,year and ,,this ,,map ,,post-,,paid4 ,address ,,prairie ,,farmer ,,publishing ,,co41 ,,chicago4 ,,ill4 ,,publications4 ,,marshall ,m4 ,,kirkman',s ,,books ,,on ,,railroad ,,topics4 ,,do ,,you ,,want ,,to ,,become ,a ,,railroad ,,man ,if ,you ,do1 the ,books ,described ,below ,point the ,way4 ,the most promising field for men of talent and ambition at the present day is the railroad service4 ,the pay is large in many instances1 while the service is continuous and honorable4 ,most of our railroad men began life on the farm4 ,of this class is the author of the accompanying books descriptive of railway operations1 who has been connected continuously with railroads as a subordinate and officer for #bg years4 ,he was brought up on a farm1 and began railroading as a lad at #g per month4 ,he has written a number of standard books on various topics connected with the organization1 construction1 management and policy of railroads4 ,these books are of interest not only to railroad men but to the general reader as well4 ,they are indispensable to the student4 ,they present every phase of railroad life1 and are written in an easy and simple style that both interests and instructs4 ,the books are as follows3 ,,railway ,,expenditures ,,their ,,extent1 ,,object ,,and ,,economy4-,a ,practical ,treatise on ,construction and ,operation4 ,in ,two ,volumes1 #hej pages #d4jj ,,hand ,,book ,,of ,,railway ,,expenditures4--,practical ,directions for ,keeping the ,expenditure ,accounts #b4jj ,,railway ,,revenue ,,and ,,its ,,collection4--,and ,explaining the ,organization of ,railroads #b4ej ,,the ,,baggage1 ,,parcel ,,and ,,mail ,,traffic ,,of ,,railroads4--,an interesting work on this important service2 #dbe pages #b4jj ,,train ,,and ,,station ,,service4--,giving ,the ,principal ,rules and ,regulations governing ,trains2 #bhj pages #b4jj ,,the ,,track ,,accounts ,,of ,,railroads4--,and how they should be kept4 ,pamphlet #a4jj ,,the ,,freight ,,traffic ,,way-,,bill4--,its ,uses ,illustrated and ,described4 ,pamphlet #ej ,,mutual ,,guarantee4--,a ,treatise on ,mutual ,suretyship4 ,pamphlet #ej ,any of the above books will be sent post-paid on receipt of price1 by ,,prairie ,,farmer ,,publishing ,,co41 #aej ,monroe ,st4 ,,chicago1 ,,ill4 ,money should be remitted by express1 or by draft check or post office order4 ,,you can secure a nice ,,rubber ,,gossamer ,,circular1 or a nice decorated ,,chamber ,,set1 or a nice imported ,,gold ,,band1 or ,,moss ,,rose ,,tea ,,set1 or a nice ,,white ,,granite ,,dinner ,,set ,,free1 in exchange for a few hours' time among your friends1 getting up a little club order for our choice ,,teas1 ,,coffees1 ,etc41 at much lower prices than stores sell them4 ,we are the cheapest ,tea ,house east of ,san ,francisco4 ,a ,,guarantee given to each ,club member4 ,,testimonials and full particulars for getting up ,clubs ,,free4 ,write at once to the old reliable ,,san ,,francisco ,,tea ,,co41 #adde ,state ,st41 ,,chicago4 ,mention this paper4--,a reliable firm--,editor4 ,,corn1 ,,grass1 ,,and ,,fruit ,,farms ,,by ,,andrews ,,babcock1 ,,humboldt1 ,,kan4 ,money ,loaned netting investors #g per cent4 ,write us4 ,silk ,culture4 ,osage for ,silk-,worms4 ,in a private letter to the editor of ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer ,dr4 ,l4 ,s4 ,pennington1 of ,whiteside ,county1 ,illinois1 says3 ,many thanks for your instructive articles on ,silk ,culture4 ,could the many miles of ,osage orange found in this ,state be utilized for this purpose1 the industry would give employment to thousands of dependent women and children1 by which means they could make themselves1 at least in part1 self-supporting4 ,i hope that you will continue to publish and instruct your many readers on this subject4 ,anent this subject we find the following by ,prof4 ,c4 ,v4 ,riley in a late issue of the ,american ,naturalist3 ,there is a strong disposition on the part of those who look for making money by the propagation and sale of mulberry trees1 to underrate the use of ,osage orange as silk-worm food4 ,we have thoroughly demonstrated1 by the most careful tests1 on several occasions1 that when ,maclura aurantiaca is properly used for this purpose1 the resulting silk loses nothing in quantity or quality1 and we have now a strain of ,sericaria mori that has been fed upon the plant for twelve consecutive years without deterioration4 ,there has been1 perhaps1 a slight loss of color which1 if anything1 must be looked upon as an advantage4 ,it is more than likely1 how ever1 that the different races will differ in their adaptability to the ,maclura1 and that for the first year the sudden transition to ,maclura from ,morus1 upon which the worms have been fed for centuries1 may result in some depreciation4 ,mr4 ,virion des ,lauriers1 at the silk farm at ,genito1 has completed some experiments on the relative value of the two plants1 which he details in the opening number of the ,silk-,grower's ,guide and ,manufacturer's ,gazette4 ,four varieties of worms were reared4 ,the race known as the ,var was fed throughout on mulberry leaves4 ,the ,pyrenean and ,cevennes worms were fed throughout on leaves and branches of ,osage orange1 while the ,milanese worms were fed on ,maclura up to the second molt and then changed to mulberry leaves4 ,at the close examples of each variety of cocoons were sent to the ,secretary of the ,silk ,board at ,lyons1 and appraised by him ,the ,maclura-fed cocoons were rated at #he cents per pound1 those raised partly on ,osage and partly on mulberry at #ie cents per pound1 and those fed entirely on mulberry at #a4aa per pound4 ,this1 ,mr4 des ,lauriers thinks1 seems to show that the difference between ,maclura and ,morus as silk-worm food is some 'twenty-five to thirty per cent in favor of the latter1 while it is evident that the leaf of the ,osage orange can be used with some advantage during the first two ages of the worms1 thus allowing the mulberry tree to grow more leafy for feeding during the last three ages4' ,the experiment1 although interesting1 is not conclusive1 from the simple fact that different races were used in the different tests and not the same races1 so that the result may have been due1 to a certain extent1 to race and not to food4 ,,scientific ,,and ,,useful4 ,a writer in an ,english medical journal declares that the raising of the head of the bed1 by placing under each leg a block of the thickness of two bricks1 is an effective remedy for cramps4 ,patients who have suffered at night1 crying aloud with pain1 have found this plan to afford immediate1 certain1 and permanent relief4 ,california stands fifth in the list of ,states in the manufacture of salt1 and is the only ,state in the ,union where the distillation of salt from sea water is carried on to any considerable extent4 ,this industry has increased rapidly during the last twenty years4 ,the production has risen from #dd1jjj bushels in #ahfj to upwards of #hhj1jjj bushels in #ahhc4 ,the amount of attention given to purely technical education in ,saxony is shown by the fact that there are now in that kingdom the following schools3 ,a technical high school in ,dresden1 a technical ,state institute at ,chemnitz1 and art schools in ,dresden and ,leipzig1 also four builders' schools1 two for the manufacture of toys1 six for shipbuilders1 three for basket weavers1 and fourteen for lace making4 ,besides these there are the following trade schools supported by different trades1 foundations1 endowments1 and districts3 ,two for decorative painting1 one for watchmakers1 one for sheet metal workers1 three for musical instrument makers1 one for druggists 7not pharmacy71 twenty-seven for weaving1 one for machine embroidery1 two for tailors1 one for barbers and hairdressers1 three for hand spinning1 six for straw weaving1 three for wood carving1 four for steam boiler heating1 six for female handiwork4 ,there are1 moreover1 seventeen technical advanced schools1 two for gardeners1 eight agricultural1 and twenty-six commercial schools4 ,the ,patrie reports1 with apparent faith1 an invention of ,dr4 ,raydt1 of ,hanover1 who claims to have developed fully the utility of carbonic acid as a motive agent4 ,under the pressure of forty atmospheres this acid is reduced to a liquid state1 and when the pressure is removed it evaporates and expands into a bulk #ejj times as great as that it occupied before4 ,it is by means of this double process that the ,hanoverian chemist proposes to obtain such important benefits from the agent he employs4 ,a quantity of the fluid is liquified1 and then stowed away in strong metal receptacles1 securely fastened and provided with a duct and valve4 ,by opening the valve free passage is given to the gas1 which escapes with great force1 and may be used instead of steam for working in a piston4 ,one of the principal uses to which it has been put is to act as a temporary motive power for fire engines4 ,iron cases of liquified carbonic acid are fitted on to the boiler of the machine1 and are always ready for use1 so that while steam is being got up1 and the engines can not yet be regularly worked in the usual way1 the piston valves can be supplied with acid gas4 ,there is1 however1 another remarkable object to which the new agent can be directed1 and to which it has been recently applied in some experiments conducted at ,kiel4 ,this is the floating of sunken vessels by means of artificial bladders4 ,it has been found that a bladder or balloon of twenty feet diameter1 filled with air1 will raise a mass of over #ajj tons4 ,hitherto these floats have been distended by pumping air into them through pipes from above by a cumbrous and tedious process1 but ,dr4 ,raydt merely affixes a sufficient number of his iron gas-accumulators to the necks of the floats to be used1 and then by releasing the gas fills them at once with the contents4 ,,dairy ,,supplies1 ,etc4 ,,the ,,davis ,,swing ,,churn4 ,the ,most ,popular ,churn on the ,market4 ,illustration of a swing churn ,because it makes the most butter4 ,because no other ,churn works so easy4 ,because it makes the best grained butter4 ,because it is the easiest cleaned4 ,it has no floats or paddles inside4 ,also the ,eureka ,butter ,worker1 the ,nesbitt ,butter ,printer1 and a full line of ,butter ,making ,utensils for ,dairies and ,factories4 ,send for ,illustrated ,circulars4 ,,vermont ,,farm ,,machine ,,co41 ,bellows ,falls1 ,vt4 ,the ,cooley ,creamer ,illustration of a creamer ,saves in labor its entire cost every season4 ,it will produce enough more money from the milk to ,pay for itself every #ij days over and above any other method you can employ4 ,don't buy infringing cans from irresponsible dealers4 ,by decision of the ,u4 ,s4 ,court the ,cooley is the only ,creamer or ,milk ,can which can be used water sealed or submerged without infringement4 ,send for circular to ,,john ,,boyd1 ,manufacturer1 #aii ,,lake ,,st41 ,,chicago1 ,,ill4 ,,chocolates4 ,,grateful--,,comforting4 ,,epps',s ,,cocoa4 ,,breakfast4 ,by a thorough knowledge of the natural laws which govern the operations of digestion and nutrition1 and by a careful application of the fine properties of well-selected ,cocoa1 ,mr4 ,epps has provided our breakfast tables with a delicately flavored beverage which may save us many heavy doctors' bills4 ,it is by the judicious use of such articles of diet that a constitution may be gradually built up until strong enough to resist every tendency to disease4 ,hundreds of subtle maladies are floating around us ready to attack wherever there is a weak point4 ,we may escape many a fatal shaft by keeping ourselves well fortified with pure blood and a properly nourished frame4--,civil ,service ,gazette4 ,made simply with boiling water or milk4 ,sold only in half-pound tins by ,grocers1 labeled thus3 ,,james ,,epps ,,co41 ,homoeopathic ,chemists1 ,london1 ,england4 ,when you write mention ,the ,prairie ,farmer4 ,,miscellaneous4 #c ,,loans1 ,for men of moderate means4 ,money loaned in any part of the country4 ,address1 with #b-;cent stamp4 ,,michigan ,,loan ,,pub4 ,,co41 ,,charlotte1 ,,mich4 ,illustration of a ring ,this ,elegant ,solid ,plain ,ring1 made of ,heavy #ahk4 ,rolled ,gold plate1 packed in ,velvet ,casket1 warranted #e years1 post-paid4 #de;c41 #c for #a4be4 #ej ,cards1 ,beauties1 all ,gold1 ,silver1 ,roses1 ,lilies1 ,mottoes1 c41 with name on1 #aj;c41 #aa packs for a #a4jj bill and this ,gold ,ring ,,free4 ,u4 ,s4 ,,card ,,co41 ,,centerbrook1 ,,conn4 ,,seeds1 ,etc4 ,,the ,,dingee ,,conard ,,co',s ,,beautiful ,,ever-,,blooming ,,roses ,the ,only establishment making a ,,special ,,business of ,,roses4 #fj ,,large ,,houses for ,,roses alone4 ,we ,,give ,,away1 in ,premiums and ,extras1 more ,,roses than most establishments grow4 ,strong ,pot ,plants suitable for immediate bloom delivered safely1 post-paid1 to any post office4 #e splendid varieties1 your choice1 all labeled1 for #a2 #ab for #b2 #ai for #c2 #bf for #d2 #ce for #e2 #ge for #aj2 #ajj for #ac4 ,our ,,new ,,guide1 a complete ,treatise on the ,rose1 #gj pp1 elegantly illustrated ,,free ,,the ,,dingee ,,conard ,,co41 ,rose ,growers1 ,west ,grove1 ,chester ,co41 ,pa4 #ahhd--,,spring--#ahhd4 ,,trees ,now is the time to prepare your orders for ,,new and ,,rare ,fruit and ,ornamental ,shrubs1 ,evergreens1 ,,roses1 ,,vines1 ,,etc4 ,besides many desirable ,novelties2 we offer the largest and most complete general ,stock of ,fruit and ,ornamental ,trees in the ,u4 ,s4 ,abridged ,catalogue mailed free4 ,address ,,ellwanger ,,barry1 ,mt4 ,hope ,nurseries1 ,rochester1 ,n4 ,y4 ,illustration of trees ,,forest ,,trees4 ,largest ,stock in ,america4 ,catalpa ,speciosa1 ,box-,elder1 ,maple1 ,larch1 ,pine1 ,spruce1 etc4 ,forest and ,evergreen ,tree ,seeds4 ,r4 ,douglas ,sons1 ,,waukegan1 ,,ill4 ,,evergreens ,for everybody4 ,nursery grown1 all sizes from #f inches to #f feet4 ,also ,,european ,,larch ,,and ,,catalpa and a few of the ,extra ,early ,illinois ,potatoes4 ,price ,list ,,free4 ,address ,d4 ,,hill1 ,nurseryman1 ,dundee1 ,ill4 ,,forest ,,tree ,,seeds6 ,i offer a large stock of ,walnuts1 ,butternuts1 ,ash1 and ,box ,elder ,seeds1 suitable for planting4 ,all the growth of #ahhc4 ,i control the entire stock of the ,,salome ,,apple1 a valuable1 new1 hardy variety4 ,also a general assortment of ,nursery stock4 ,send for catalogue1 circular1 and price lists4 ,address ,,bryant',s ,,nursery1 ,princeton1 ,ill4 ,,seed ,,corn4 ,yellow and ,white ,dent1 ,michigan ,early ,yellow ,dent1 ,chester-,white ,king ,phillip1 ,yellow ,yankee1 ,etc41 ,etc4 ,also the ,celebrated ,,murdock ,,corn4 ,l4 ,b4 ,,fuller ,,co41 #fj ,state ,st41 ,chicago4 ,,cuthbert ,,raspberry ,,plants6 #aj1jjj for sale at ,elmland ,farm by ,l ,p4 ,,wheeler1 ,quincy1 ,ill4 ,,specialty ,,for #ahhd4 #bjj bush4 ,onion sets1 #bj1jjj ,asparagus roots1 ,raspberry and ,strawberry roots1 and ,champion ,potatoes4 ,italian ,bees a specialty4 ,send for price list for #ahhd4 ,,send ,,early ,,to ,a4 ,j4 ,,norris1 ,cedar ,falls1 ,iowa4 ,,seeds ,our new catalogue1 best published4 ,free to all4 #a1ejj varieties1 #cjj illustrations4 ,you ought to have it4 ,,benson1 ,,maule ,co41 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 ,a ,descriptive1 ,illustrated ,nursery ,catalogue and ,guide to the ,fruit and ,ornamental ,planter4 ,sent free to all applicants4 ,,wm4 ,h4 ,,moon1 ,morrisville1 ,bucks ,co41 ,pa4 ,,seed ,,corn ,,northern ,,grown1 ,,very ,,early4 ,also ,flower ,vegetable and ,field ,seeds #dd ,new ,varities of ,potatoes ,order early4 ,catalogue ,free4 ,,fred4 ,n4 ,,lang1 ,baraboo1 ,wis4 ,illustration of a fruit evaporator ,,culls ,,and ,,windfall ,,apples ,worth #ej ,cents ,per ,bushel ,net4 ,,save ,,them ,,by ,,the ,,plummer ,,patent ,,process4 ,illustrated and ,descriptive ,catalogue and full ,particulars mailed free4 ,,plummer ,,fruit ,,evaporator ,,co41 ,no4 #aah ,delaware ,st41 ,leavenworth1 ,kan4 ,when you write mention the ,prairie ,farmer4 ,,ferry',s ,,seed ,,annual ,,for #ahhd ,will be mailed ,,free to all applicants and to customers of last year without ordering it4 ,it contains illustrations1 prices1 descriptions and directions for planting all ,vegetable and ,flower ,seeds1 ,plants1 etc4 ,invaluable to all4 ,d4,m4 ,,ferry ,,co4 ,,detroit1 ,mich4 ,illustration of a cabbage with a face ,j4 ,b4 ,,root ,,co4',s ,illustr'd ,garden ,manual of ,,vegetable and ,,flower ,,seeds1 ready for all applicants4 ,market ,gardeners ,,seeds a ,specialty4 ,write for ,wholesale ,price ,list4 -- ,,sent ,,free ,,rockford1 ,,illinois4 ,,floral ,,gifts6 ,illustration of a ring with hearts ,illustration3 ,magnifies #a1jjj times #ej ,,cards ,,souvenirs ,,of ,,friendship ,beautiful designs1 name neatly printed1 #aj;c4 #aa ,,packs1 this ,elegant ,ring1 ,microscopic ,charm and ,fancy ,card ,case1 #a4 ,get ten of your friends to send with you1 and you will obtain these ,,three ,,premiums and your pack ,,free4 ,agent's ,album of ,samples1 #be;cts4 ,,northford ,,card ,,co41 ,northford1 ,conn4 ,,onion ,,seed ,,for ,,sale4 ,early ,red ,globe1 ,raised ,in #ahhc4 ,,james ,,baker1 ,davenport1 ,iowa4 ,,new ,,choice ,,varieties ,,of ,,seed ,,potatoes ,a ,specialty4 ,twenty-five kinds4 ,will not be under-sold4 ,satisfaction guaranteed4 ,send postal1 with full address1 for prices4 ,,ben ,f4 ,,hoover1 ,galesburg1 ,illinois4 ,,for ,,sale ,one ,hundred ,bushels of ,native ,yellow ,illinois ,seed ,corn1 grown on my farm1 gathered early and kept since in a dry room4 ,warranted to grow4 ,price #b per bu4 ,h4,p4 ,,humphreys ,,son1 ,sheffield1 ,ill4 ,onion ,sets ,wholesale ,retail ,j4 ,c4 ,,vaughn1 ,seedsman1 #db ,la,salle ,st41 ,,chicago1 ,ill4 ,,maryland ,,farms4--,book and ,map free1 by ,c4 ,e4 ,,shanahan1 ,attorney1 ,easton1 ,md4 ,,now ,is the time to subscribe for ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer4 ,price only #b4jj per year is worth double the money4 ,peter ,henderson ,co's ,,collection ,,of ,,seeds ,,and ,,plants embraces every desirable ,novelty of the season1 as well as all standard kinds4 ,a special feature for #ahhd is1 that you can for #e4jj select ,seeds or ,plants to that value from their ,catalogue1 and have included1 without charge1 a copy of ,peter ,henderson's ,new ,book1 ,garden and ,farm ,topics1 a work of #bej pages1 handsomely bound in cloth1 and containing a steel portrait of the author4 ,the price of the book alone is #a4ej4 ,catalogue of ,everything for the ,garden1 giving details1 free on application4 ,,peter ,,henderson ,,co4 ,,seedsmen ,,florists1 #ce #cg ,cortlandt ,st41 ,new ,york4 ,,garden ,,seeds4 ,,direct ,,from ,,the ,,farm ,,at ,,the ,,lowest ,,wholesale ,,rates4 ,,seed ,,corn that ,i know will grow2 ,white ,beans1 ,oats1 ,potatoes1 ,,onions1 ,cabbage1 ,mangel ,wurzel1 ,carrots1 ,turnips1 ,parsnips1 ,celery1 all of the best quality4 ,catalogue with directions of cultivation ,,free4 -- ,,seeds ,,for ,,the ,,children',s ,,garden4 #be per cent4 discount4 ,let the children send for my ,catalogue ,,and ,,try ,,my ,,seeds4 ,they are ,,warranted ,,good or money refunded4 ,address ,,joseph ,,harris1 ,moreton ,farm1 ,rochester1 ,n4,y4 ,,seeds ,,albert ,,dickinson1 ,dealer in ,timothy1 ,clover1 ,flax1 ,hungarian1 ,millet1 ,red ,top1 ,blue ,grass1 ,lawn ,grass1 ,orchard ,grass1 ,bird ,seeds1 c4 ,,pop-,,corn4 ,warehouses #aae1 #aag #aai ,,kinzie ,,st4 #ajd1 #ajf1 #ajh #aaj ,michigan ,st4 ,,office4 #aae ,,kinzie ,,st41 ,,chicago1 ,,ill4 ,,fay ,,grapes ,currant ,,head-,,quarters4 ,,all ,,best1 ,,new ,,and ,,old4 ,,small1 ,,fruits ,,and ,,trees4 ,,low ,,to ,,dealers ,,and ,,planters4 ,stock ,first-,class4 ,free ,catalogues4 ,,geo4 ,s4 ,,josselyn1 ,fredonia1 ,n4 ,y4 ,remember that #b4jj pays for ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer one year1 and the subscriber gets a copy of ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer ,,county ,,map ,,of ,,the ,,united ,,states1 ,,free6 ,this is the most liberal offer ever made by any first-class weekly agricultural paper in this country4 ,illustration3 ,,household4 ,for nothing lovelier can be found ,in woman than to study household good4--,milton4 ,how ,he ,ventilated the ,cellar4 ,the effect of foul air upon milk1 cream1 and butter was often alluded to at the ,dairymen's meeting at ,de,kalb4 ,a great bane to the dairyman is carbonic acid gas4 ,in ill ventilated cellars it not only has a pernicious effect upon milk and its products1 but it often renders the living apartments unhealthful1 and brings disease and death to the family4 ,in the course of the discussion ,mr4 ,w4 ,d4 ,hoard1 ,president of the ,northwestern ,dairymen's ,association1 related the following incident showing how easily cellars may be ventilated and rendered fit receptacles for articles of food3 ,in the city of ,fort ,atkinson1 where ,i do reside1 ,mr4 ,clapp1 the president of the bank told me that for twenty years he had been unable to keep any milk or butter or common food of the family in the cellar4 ,i went and looked at it1 and saw gathered on the sleepers above large beads of moisture1 and then knew what was the matter4 ,the cellar was full of foul air4 ,i said to him1 ',prof4 ,wilkins is here and will tell you in a few moments how to remedy this difficulty1 and make your cellar a clean and wholesome apartment of your house4' ,i went down and got the professor1 and he went up and looked at the cellar1 and he says1 'for ten dollars ,i will put you in possession of a cellar that will be clean and wholesome4' ,he went to work and took a four-inch pipe1 made of galvanized iron1 soldered tightly at the joints1 passing it down the side of the cellar wall until it came within two inches of the bottom of the cellar1 turned a square elbow at the top of the wall1 carried it under the house1 under the kitchen1 up through the kitchen floor and into the kitchen chimney1 about four feet above where the kitchen stovepipe entered4 ,you know the kitchen stove in all families is in operation about three times a day4 ,the heat from this kitchen stove acting on the column of air in that little pipe caused a vacuum1 and nature abhors a vacuum1 and the result was that in twenty-four hours that little pipe had drawn the entire foul air out of the cellar1 and he has now a perfect cellar4 ,i drop this hint to show you that it is within easy reach of every one1 for the sum of only about ten dollars1 to have a perfectly ventilated cellar4 ,this carbonic acid gas is very heavy4 ,it collects in the cellar and you can not get it out unless you dip it out like water1 or pump it out2 and it becomes necessary to apply something to it that shall operate in this way4 ,this is a matter of such importance1 and yet so little thought about1 that we had designed having an illustration made to accompany this article1 but conclude the arrangment is so simple that any one can go to work and adapt it to the peculiar construction of his own house1 and we hope thousands will make use of ,mr4 ,hoard's suggestion4 ,an ,old ,roman ,wedding4 ,as far as the nuptial ceremony itself was concerned1 the ,romans were in the habit of celebrating it with many imposing rites and customs1 some of which are still in use in this country4 ,as soon1 therefore1 as the sooth-sayer had taken the necessary omens1 the ceremony was commenced by a sheep being sacrificed to ,juno1 under whose special guardianship marriage was supposed to rest4 ,the fleece was next laid upon two chairs1 on which the bride and bridegroom sat1 over whom prayers were then said4 ,at the conclusion of the service the bride was led by three young men to the home of her husband4 ,she generally took with her a distaff and spindle filled with wool1 indicative of the first work in her new married life--spinning fresh garments for her husband4 ,five torches were carried to light her4 ,the threshold of the house was gaily decorated with flowers and garlands2 and in order to keep out infection it was anointed with certain unctuous perfumes4 ,as a preservative1 moreover1 against sorcery and evil influences1 it was disenchanted by various charms4 ,after being thus prepared1 the bride was lifted over the threshold1 it being considered unlucky for her to tread across it on first entering her husband's house4 ,the musicians then struck up their music1 and the company sang their ,epithalamium4 ,the keys of the house were then placed in the young wife's hands1 symbolic of her now being mistress4 ,a cake1 too1 baked by the vestal virgins1 which had been carried before her in the procession from the place of the marriage ceremony to the husband's home1 was now divided among the guests4 ,to enhance the merriment of the festive occasion1 the bridegroom threw nuts among the boys1 who then1 as nowadays enjoyed heartily a grand scramble4 ,mr4 ,smith's ,stovepipe4 ,once upon a time there lived a certain man and wife1 and their name--well1 ,i think it must have been ,smith1 ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,john ,smith4 ,one chilly day in ,october ,mrs4 ,smith said to her husband3 ,john1 ,i really think we must have the stove up in the sitting-room4 ,and ,mr4 ,smith from behind his newspaper answered ,well4 ,three hundred and forty-six times did ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,smith repeat this conversation1 and the three hundred and forty-seventh time ,mr4 ,smith added3 ,i'll get ,brown to help me about it some day4 ,it is uncertain how long the matter would have rested thus1 had not ,mrs4 ,smith crossed the street and asked neighbor ,brown to come over and help her husband set up a stove1 and as she was not his wife he politely consented and came at once4 ,with a great deal of grunting1 puffing1 and banging1 accompanied by some words not usually mentioned in polite society1 the two men at last got the stove down from the attic4 ,mrs4 ,smith had placed the zinc in its proper position1 and they put the stove way to one side of it1 but of course that didn't matter4 ,then they proceeded to put up the stovepipe4 ,mr4 ,smith pushed the knee into the chimney1 and ,mr4 ,brown fitted the upright part to the stove4 ,the next thing was to get the two pieces to come together4 ,they pushed and pulled1 they yanked and wrenched1 they rubbed off the blacking onto their hands1 they uttered remarks1 wise and otherwise4 ,presently it occurred to ,mr4 ,smith that a hammer was just the thing that was needed1 and he went for one4 ,mr4 ,brown improved the opportunity to wipe the perspiration from his noble brow1 totally oblivious of the fact that he thereby ornamented his severe countenance with several landscapes done in stove blacking4 ,the hammer didn't seem to be just the thing that was needed1 after all4 ,mr4 ,smith pounded until he had spoiled the shape of the stovepipe1 and still the pesky thing wouldn't go in1 so he became exasperated and threw away the hammer4 ,it fell on ,mr4 ,brown's toe1 and that worthy man ejaculated--well1 it's no matter what he ejaculated4 ,mr4 ,smith replied to his ejaculation1 and then ,mr4 ,brown went home4 ,why continue the tale8 ,everybody knows that ,mr4 ,smith1 after making a great deal of commotion1 finally succeeded in getting the pipe into place1 that he was perfectly savage to everybody for the rest of the day1 and that the next time he and ,brown met on the street both were looking intently the other way4 ,but there is more to tell4 ,it came to pass in the course of the winter that the pipe needed cleaning out4 ,mrs4 ,smith dreaded the ordeal1 both for her own sake and her husband's4 ,it happened that the kitchen was presided over by that rarest of treasures1 a good-natured1 competent hired girl4 ,this divinity proposed that they dispense with ,mr4 ,smith's help in cleaning out the pipe1 and ,mrs4 ,smith1 with a sigh of relief1 consented4 ,they carefully pulled the pipe apart1 and1 holding the pieces in a horizontal position that no soot might fall on the carpet1 carried it into the yard4 ,after they had swept out the pipe and carried it back they attempted to put it up4 ,that must have been an unusually obstinate pipe1 for it steadily refused to go together4 ,the minds of ,mrs4 ,smith and her housemaid were sufficiently broad to grasp this fact after a few trials2 therefore they did not waste their strength in vain attempts1 but rested1 and in an exceedingly un-masculine way held a consultation4 ,the girl went for a hammer1 and brought also a bit of board4 ,she placed this on the top of the pipe1 raised her hammer1 ,mrs4 ,smith held the pipe in place below1 two slight raps1 and1 lo1 it was done4 ,see what a woman can do4 ,this story is true1 with the exception of the names and a few other unimportant items4 ,i say1 and will maintain it1 that as a general thing a woman has more brains and patience and less stupidity than a man4 ,i challenge any one to prove the contrary4--,n4 ,e4 ,homestead4 ,progress4 ,in the course of a lecture on the resources of ,new ,brunswick1 ,professor ,brown1 of the ,ontario ,agricultural ,college1 told the following story by an ,arabian writer3 ,i passed one day by a very rude and beautifully situated hamlet in a vast forest1 and asked a savage whom ,i saw how long it had been there4 ',it is indeed an old place1' replied he4 ',we know it has stood there for #ajj years as the hunting home of the great ,st4 ,john1 but how long previous to that we do not know4' ,one century afterward1 as ,i passed by the same place1 ,i found a busy little city reaching down to the sea1 where ships were loading timber for distant lands4 ,on asking one of the inhabitants how long this had flourished1 he replied3 ',i am looking to the future years1 and not to what has gone past1 and have no time to answer such questions4' ,on my return there #ajj years afterward1 ,i found a very smoky and wonderfully-populous city1 with many tall chimneys1 and asked one of the inhabitants how long it had been founded4 ',it is indeed a mighty city1' replied he4 ',we know not how long it has existed1 and our ancestors there on this subject are as ignorant as ourselves4' ,another century after that as ,i passed by the same place1 ,i found a much greater city than before1 but could not see the tall chimneys1 and the air was pure as crystal2 the country to the north and the east and the west1 was covered with noble mansions and great farms1 full of many cattle and sheep4 ,i demanded of a peasant1 who was reaping grain on the sands of the sea-shore1 how long ago this change took place8 ',in sooth1 a strange question6' replied he4 ',this ground and city have never been different from what you now behold them4' ',were there not of old1' said ,i1 'many great manufacturers in this city8' ',never1' answered he1 'so far as we have seen1 and never did our fathers speak to us of any such4' ,on my return there1 #ajj years afterward1 ,i found the city was built across the sea east-ward into the opposite country2 there were no horses1 and no smoke of any kind came from the dwellings4 ,the inhabitants were traveling through the air on wires which stretched far into the country on every side1 and the whole land was covered with many mighty trees and great vineyards1 so that the noble mansions could not be seen for the magnitude of the fruit thereof4 ,lastly1 on coming back again1 after an equal lapse of time1 ,i could not perceive the slightest vestige of the city4 ,i inquired of a very old and saintly man1 who appeared to be under deep emotion1 and who stood alone upon the spot1 how long it had been destroyed4 ',is this a question1' said he1 'from a man like you8 ,know ye not that cities are not now part of the human economy8 ,every one travels through the air on wings of electricity1 and lives in separate dwellings scattered all over the land2 the ships of the sea are driven by the same power1 and go above or below as found to be best for them4 ,in the cultivation of the soil1' said he1 'neither horse nor steam-power are employed2 the plow is not known1 nor are fertilizers of any more value in growing the crops of the field4 ,electricity is carried under the surface of every farm and all over-head like a net2 when the inhabitants require rain for any particular purpose1 it is drawn down from the heavens by similar means4 ,the influence of electricity has destroyed all evil things1 and removed all diseases from among men and beasts1 and every living thing upon the earth4 ,all things have changed1 and what was once the noble city of my name is to become the great meeting place of all the leaders of science throughout the whole world4' ,a ,family ,jar4 ,yes1 said ,mrs4 ,gunkettle1 as she spanked the baby in her calm1 motherly way1 it's a perfect shame1 ,mr4 ,g41 that you never bring me home anything to read6 ,i might as well be shut up in a lunatic asylum4 ,i think so1 too1 responded the unfeeling man4 ,other people1 continued ,mrs4 ,gunkettle1 as she gave the baby a marble to swallow1 to stop its noise1 have magazines till they can't rest4 ,there's one1 said ,mr4 ,g41 throwing a pamphlet on the table4 ,oh1 yes2 a horrid old report of the fruit interests of ,michigan2 lots of news in that6 and she sat down on the baby with renewed vigor4 ,i'm sure it's plum full of currant news of the latest dates1 said the miserable man4 ,mrs4 ,gunkettle retorted that she wouldn't give a fig for a whole library of such reading1 when 'apple-ly the baby shrieked loud enough to drown all other sounds1 and peace was at once restored4 ,mouce ,traps and ,other ,sweetemetes4 ,the following advertisement is copied from the ,fairfield ,gazette of ,september #ba1 #aghf1 or ninety-seven years ago1 which paper was printed in ,fairfield by ,w4 ,miller and ,f4 ,fogrue1 at their printing office near the meeting house4 ,beards taken1 taken of1 and ,registurd by ,,issac ,,fac-,,totum ,barber1 ,peri-wig maker1 ,surgeon1 ,parish ,clerk1 ,school ,master1 ,blacksmith and ,man-midwife4 ,,shaves for a penne1 cuts hair for two pense1 and oyld and powdird into the bargain4 ,young ladys genteeely ,edicated2 ,lamps lited by the year or quarter4 ,young gentlemen also taut their ,grammer langwage in the neatest manner1 and great care takin of morels and spelin4 ,also ,salme singing and horse ,shewing by the real maker6 ,likewice makes and ,mends1 ,all ,sorts of ,butes and ,shoes1 teches the ,ho6 boy and ,jewsharp1 cuts corns1 bleeds4 ,on the lowes ,term--,glisters and ,pur is1 at a peny a piece4 ,cow-tillions and other dances taut at hoam and abrode4 ,also deals holesale and retale--,pirfumerry in all its branchis4 ,sells all sorts of stationary wair1 together with blacking balls1 red herrins1 ginger bread and coles1 scrubbing brushes1 trycle1 ,mouce traps1 and other sweetemetes1 ,likewise4 ,red nuts1 ,tatoes1 sassages and other gardin stuff4 ,p4 ,t4 ,i teches ,joggrefy1 and them outlandish kind of things----,a bawl on ,wednesday and ,friday4 ,all pirformed by ,me4 ,,isaac ,,fac-,,totum4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a ,,sonnet ,,on ,a ,,bonnet4 ,a film of lace and a droop of feather1 ,with sky-blue ribbons to knot them together2 ,a facing 7at times7 of bronze-brown tresses1 ,into whose splendor each furbelow presses2 ,two strings of blue to fall in a tangle1 ,and chain of pink chin ,in decorous angle2 ,the tip of the plume right artfully twining ,where a firm neck steals under the lining2 ,and the curls and braids1 the plume and the laces4 ,circle about the shyest of faces1 ,bonnet there is not frames dimples sweeter6 ,bonnet there is not that shades eyes completer6 ,fated is he that but glances upon it1 ,sighing to dream of that face in the bonnet4 --,winnifred ,wise ,jenks4 99 99 99 99 99 ,little ,pleasantries4 ,a ,sweet thing in bonnets3 ,a honey bee4 ,it will get so in ,illinois1 by and by1 that the marriage ceremony will run thus3 ,until death--or divorce--do us part4 ,he had been ridiculing her big feet1 and to get even with him she replied that he might have her old sealskin sacque made over into a pair of ear-muffs4 ,a ,toronto man waited until he was #he years old before he got married4 ,he waited until he was sure that if he didn't like it he wouldn't have long to repent4 ,how a woman always does up a newspaper she sends to a friend1 so that it looks like a well stuffed pillow1 is something that no man is woman enough to understand4 ,yes1 my dear1 said ,mrs4 ,ramsbothom1 speaking of her invalid uncle1 the poor old gentleman has had a stroke of parenthesis1 and when ,i last saw him he was in a state of comma4 ,uncle1 when sis sings in the choir ,sunday nights1 why does she go behind the organ and taste the tenor's mustache8 ,oh1 don't bother me1 sonny2 ,i suppose they have to do it to find out if they are in tune4 ,a couple of ,vassar girls were found by a professor fencing with broomsticks in a gymnasium4 ,he reminded the young girls that such an accomplishment would not aid them in securing husbands4 ,it will help us keep them in1 replied one of the girls4 ,a clergyman's daughter1 looking over the ,,mss4 left by her father in his study1 chanced upon the following sentence3 ,i love to look upon a young man4 ,there is a hidden potency concealed within his breast which charms and pains me4 ,she sat down1 and blushingly added3 ,them's my sentiments exactly1 papa--all but the pains4 ,my dear1 said a sensible ,dutchman to his wife1 who for the last hour had been shaking her baby up and down on her knee3 ,i don't think so much butter is good for the child4 ,butter8 ,i never give my ,artie any butter2 what an idea6 ,i mean to say you have been giving him a good feed of milk out of the bottle1 and now you have been an hour churning it6 ,we wish to keep the attention of wheat-raisers fixed upon the ,saskatchewan variety of wheat until seeding time is over1 for we believe it worthy of extended trial4 ,read the advertisement of ,w4 ,j4 ,abernethy ,co4 ,they will sell the seed at reasonable figures1 and its reliability can be depended upon4 ,illustration3 ,,our ,,young ,,folks ,,little ,,dilly-,,dally4 ,i don't believe you ever ,knew any one so silly ,as the girl ,i'm going to tell about-- ,a little girl named ,dilly1 ,dilly-dally ,dilly1 ,oh1 she is very slow1 ,she drags her feet ,along the street1 ,and dilly-dallies so6 ,she's always late to breakfast ,without a bit of reason1 ,for ,bridget rings and rings the bell ,and wakes her up in season4 ,dilly-dally ,dilly1 ,how can you be so slow8 ,why don't you try ,to be more spry1 ,and not dilly-dally so8 ',tis just the same at evening2 ,and it's really quite distressing ,to see the time that ,dilly wastes ,in dreaming and undressing4 ,dilly-dally ,dilly ,is always in a huff2 ,if you hurry her ,or worry her ,she says1 ,there's time enough4 ,since she's neither sick nor helpless1 ,it is quite a serious matter ,that she should be so lazy that ,we still keep scolding at her4 ,dilly-dally ,dilly1 ,it's very wrong you know1 ,to do no work ,that you can shirk1 ,and dilly-dally so4 ,uncle ,jim's ,yarn4 ,old ,uncle ,jim1 of ,stonington1 ,conn41 ought to have a whole drawer to himself1 for nothing short of it could express the easy-going enlargement of his mind in narratives4 ,uncle ,jim was a retired sea captain1 sealer1 and whaler1 universally beloved and respected for his lovely disposition and genuine good-heartedness1 not less than for the moderation of his statements and the truthful candor of his narrations4 ,it happened that one of the ,yale ,professors1 who devoted himself to ethnological studies1 was interested in the ,patagonians1 and very much desired information as to the alleged gigantic stature of the race4 ,a scientific friend1 who knew the ,stonington romancer1 told the ,professor that he could no doubt get valuable information from ,uncle ,jim1 a ,captain who was familiar with all the region about ,cape ,horn4 ,and the ,professor1 without any hint about ,uncle ,jim's real ability1 eagerly accompanied his friend to make the visit4 ,uncle ,jim was found in one of his usual haunts1 and something like the following ethnological conversation ensued3 ,professor--,they tell me1 ,capt4 ,pennington1 that you have been a good deal in ,patagonia4 ,uncle ,jim--,made thirty or forty voyages there1 sir4 ,professor--,and ,i suppose you know something about the ,patagonians and their habits8 ,uncle ,jim--,know all about 'em1 sir4 ,know the ,patagonians1 sir1 all1 all of 'em1 as well as ,i know the ,stonington folks4 ,professor--,i wanted to ask you1 ,captain1 about the size of the ,patagonians--whether they are giants1 as travelers have reported8 ,uncle ,jim--,no1 sir--shaking his head slowly1 and speaking with the modest tone of indifference--no1 sir1 they are not4 7,it was quite probable that the ,captain never had heard the suggestion before74 ,the height of the ,patagonian1 sir1 is just five feet nine inches and a half4 ,professor--,how did you ascertain this fact1 ,captain8 ,uncle ,jim--,measured 'em1 sir--measured 'em4 ,one day when the mate and ,i were ashore down there1 ,i called up a lot of the ,patagonians1 and the mate and ,i measured about #ejj of them1 and every one of them measured five feet nine inches and a half--that's their exact height4 ,professor--,that's very interesting4 ,but1 ,captain1 don't you suppose there were giants there long ago1 in the former generations8 ,all the travelers say so4 ,uncle ,jim--,not a word of truth in it1 sir--not a word4 ,i'd heard that story and ,i thought ,i'd settle it4 ,i satisfied myself there was nothing in it4 ,professor--,but how could you know that they used not to be giants8 ,what evidence could you get8 ,mightn't the former race have been giants8 ,uncle ,jim--,impossible1 sir1 impossible4 ,professor--,but how did you satisfy yourself8 ,uncle ,jim--,dug 'em up1 sir--dug 'em up speaking with more than usual moderation4 ,i'd heard that yarn4 ,the next voyage1 ,i took the bo'sen and went ashore2 we dug up #bge old ,patagonians and measured 'em4 ,they all measured exactly five feet nine inches and a half2 no difference in 'em--men1 women1 and all ages just the same4 ,five feet nine inches and a half is the natural height of a ,patagonian4 ,they've always been just that4 ,not a word of truth in the stories about giants1 sir4--,harper's ,magazine4 ,puddin' ,tame's ,fun4 ,nice child1 very nice child1 observed an old gentleman1 crossing the aisle and addressing the mother of the boy who had just hit him in the eye with a wad of paper4 ,how old are you1 my son8 ,none of your business1 replied the youngster1 taking aim at another passenger4 ,fine boy1 smiled the old man1 as the parent regarded her offspring with pride4 ,a remarkably fine boy4 ,what is your name1 my son8 ,puddin' ,tame6 shouted the youngster1 with a giggle at his own wit4 ,i thought so1 continued the old man1 pleasantly4 ,if you had given me three guesses at it1 that would have been the first one ,i would have struck on4 ,now1 ,puddin'1 you can blow those things pretty straight1 can't you8 ,you bet6 squealed the boy1 delighted at the compliment4 ,see me take that old fellow over there6 ,no1 no6 exclaimed the old gentleman1 hastily4 ,try it on the old woman ,i was sitting with4 ,she has boys of her own1 and she won't mind4 ,can you hit the lady for the gentleman1 ,johnny8 asked the fond parent4 ,johnny drew a bead and landed the pellet on the end of the old woman's nose4 ,but she did mind it1 and1 rising in her wrath1 soared down on the small boy like a blizzard4 ,she put him over the line1 reversed him1 ran him backward till he didn't know which end of him was front1 and finally dropped him into the lap of the scared mother1 with a benediction whereof the purport was that she'd be back in a moment and skin him alive4 ,she didn't seem to like it1 ,puddin'1 smiled the gentleman1 softly4 ,she's a perfect stranger to me1 but ,i understand she is a matron of truants' home1 and ,i thought she would like a little fun2 but ,i was mistaken4 ,and the old gentleman sighed sweetly as he went back to his seat4 ,the ,alphabet4 ,the discovery of the alphabet is at once the triumph1 the instrument and the register of the progress of our race4 ,the oldest abecedarium in existence is a child's alphabet on a little ink-bottle of black ware found on the site of ,cere1 one of the oldest of the ,greek settlements in ,central ,italy1 certainly older than the end of the sixth century ,b4 ,c4 ,the ,phoenician alphabet has been reconstructed from several hundred inscriptions4 ,the ,moabite ,stone has yielded the honor of being the most ancient of alphabetic records to the bronze plates found in ,lebanon in #ahgb1 fixed as of the tenth or eleventh century1 and therefore the earliest extant monuments of the ,semitic alphabet4 ,the lions of ,nineveh and an inscribed scarab found at ,khorsabad have furnished other early alphabets2 while scarabs and cylinders1 seals and gems1 from ,babylon and ,nineveh1 with some inscriptions1 are the scanty records of the first epoch of the ,phoenician alphabet4 ,for the second period1 a sarcophagus found in #ahee1 with an inscription of twenty-two lines1 has tasked the skill of more than forty of the most eminent ,semitic scholars of the day1 and the literature connected with it is overwhelming4 ,an unbroken series of coins extending over seven centuries from #ebb ,b4 ,c4 to #aec ,a4 ,d41 ,hebrew engraved gems1 the ,siloam inscription discovered in ,jerusalem in #ahhj1 early ,jewish coins1 have each and all found special students whose successive progress is fully detailed by ,taylor4 ,the ,aramaean alphabet lived only for seven or eight centuries2 but from it sprang the scripts of five great faiths of ,asia and the three great literary alphabets of the ,east4 ,nineveh and its public records supply most curious revelations of the social life and commercial transactions of those primitive times4 ,loans1 leases1 notes1 sales of houses1 slaves1 etc41 all dated1 show the development of the alphabet4 ,the early ,egyptian inscriptions show which alphabet was there in the reign of ,xerxes4 ,fragments on stone preserved in old ,roman walls in ,great ,britain1 ,spain1 ,france1 and ,jerusalem1 all supply early alphabets4 ,alphabets have been affected by religious controversies1 spread by missionaries1 and preserved in distant regions by holy faith1 in spite of persecution and perversion4 ,the ,arabic alphabet1 next in importance after the great ,latin alphabet1 followed in eighty years the widespread religion of ,mohammed2 and now the few ,englishmen who can read and speak it are astonished to learn that it is collaterally related to our own alphabet1 and that both can be traced back to the primitive ,phoenician source4 ,greece alone had forty local alphabets1 reduced by careful study to about half a dozen generic groups1 characterized by certain common local features1 and also by political connection4 ,of the oldest a1 b1 c's found in ,italy1 several were scribbled by school-boys on ,pompeian walls1 six in ,greek1 four in ,oscan1 four in ,latin2 others were scratched on children's cups1 buried with them in their graves1 or cut or painted for practice on unused portions of mortuary slabs4 ,the earliest was found as late as #ahhb1 a plain vase of black ware with an ,etruscan inscription and a syllabary or spelling exercise1 and the ,greek alphabet twice repeated4 ,what a ,child ,can ,do4 ,pa1 ,i have signed the pledge1 said a little boy to his father1 on coming home one evening2 will you help me keep it8 ,certainly1 said the father4 ,well1 ,i have brought a copy of the pledge2 will you sign it1 papa8 ,nonsense1 nonsense1 my child6 ,what could ,i do when my brother-officers called--the father had been in the army--if ,i was a teetotaler8 ,but do try1 papa4 ,tut1 tut6 why you are quite a little radical4 ,well1 you won't ask me to pass the bottle1 papa8 ,you are quite a fanatic1 my child2 but ,i promise not to ask you to touch it4 ,some weeks after that two officers called in to spend the evening4 ,what have you to drink8 said they4 ,have you any more of that prime ,scotch ale8 ,no1 said he2 ,i have not1 but ,i shall get some4 ,here1 ,willie1 run to the store1 and tell them to send some bottles up4 ,the boy stood before his father respectfully1 but did not go4 ,come1 ,willie2 why1 what's the matter8 ,come1 run along4 ,he went1 but came back presently without any bottles4 ,where's the ale1 ,willie8 ,i asked them for it at the store1 and they put it upon the counter1 but ,i could not touch it4 ,o pa1 pa6 don't be angry2 ,i told them to send it up1 but ,i could not touch it myself6 ,the father was deeply moved1 and turning to his brother-officers1 he said3 ,gentlemen1 do you hear that8 ,you can do as you please4 ,when the ale comes you may drink it1 but not another drop shall be drank in my house1 and not another drop shall pass my lips4 ,willie1 have you your temperance pledge8 ,o pa6 ,i have4 ,bring it1 then4 ,and the boy was back with it in a moment4 ,the father signed it and the little fellow clung round his father's neck with delight4 ,the ale came1 but not one drank1 and the bottles stood on the table untouched4 ,children1 sign the pledge1 and ask your parents to help you keep it4 ,don't touch the bottle1 and try to keep others from touching it4 ,,miscellaneous4 ,stock ,farms ,,for ,,sale2 one of the very best in ,central ,illinois1 the finest agricultural region in the world2 #a1ajj acres1 highly improved2 unusual facilities for handling stock2 also a smaller farm2 also one of the finest ,stock ,ranches ,in ,central ,texas1 #i1acf acres4 ,each has never-failing water1 and near railroads2 must be sold2 terms easy2 price low4 ,for further particulars address ,j4 ,b4 or ,f4 ,c4 ,,turner1 ,jacksonville1 ,ill4 ,cut ,this ,out ,return to us with ,,ten ,,cts4 you'll get by mail ,a ,,golden ,,box ,,of ,,goods that will bring you in ,,more ,,money1 in ,one ,month than anything else in ,america4 ,absolute ,certainty ,need no capital4 ,m4 ,young1 #agc ,greenwich ,st4 ,n4 ,york ,self ,cure ,free ,nervous ,debility ,lost ,manhood ,weakness and ,decay ,a favorite prescription of a noted specialist 7now retired74 ,druggists can fill it4 ,address ,,dr4 ,,ward ,,co41 ,,louisiana1 ,,mo4 ,,map ,of the ,united ,states and ,canada1 ,printed in ,colors1 size #d x #b-a_/b feet1 also a copy of ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer for one year4 ,sent to any address for #b4jj4 ,,breeders ,,directory4 ,the following list embraces the names of responsible and reliable ,breeders in their line1 and parties wishing to purchase or obtain information can feel assured that they will be honorably dealt with3 ,,swine4 ,chester ,whites4 ,w4 ,a4 ,gilbert1 ,wauwatosa1 ,wis4 ,,live ,,stock1 ,etc4 ,,public ,,sale ,,of ,,polled ,,aberdeen-,,angus ,,and ,short-,horn ,cattle4 ,illustration of a cow ,we will1 on ,march #bg and #bh1 at ,dexter ,park1 ,stock ,yards1 ,chicago1 offer at public sale #fd head of ,polled ,aberdeen-,angus1 and #ba head of ,short-horns1 mostly ,imported and all highly bred cattle1 representing the best strains of their respective breeds4 ,sale each day will begin at #a ,p4 ,m41 sharp4 ,catalogues now ready4 ,address as below4 ,,note--,,english ,,shire ,,horses1--,three stallions and four mares of this breed 7all imported7 will be offered at the close of the second day's sale of cattle4 ,geo4 ,whitfield1 ,model ,farm1 ,model ,farm1 ,geary ,bros41 ,bli ,bro4 ,stock ,farm1 ,london1 ,canada4 ,at ,kansas ,city1 ,mo41 on ,april #ae1 #af1 and #ag1 the same parties will offer at public sale a choice lot of ,aberdeen-,angus and ,short-horn cattle4 ,when you write mention ,the ,prairie ,farmer4 ,,holsteins ,,at ,,living ,,rates4 ,,dr4 ,w4 ,a4 ,,pratt1 ,,elgin1 ,,ill41 ,now has a herd of more than one hundred head of full-blooded ,,holsteins mostly imported direct from ,holland4 ,these choice dairy animals are for sale at moderate prices4 ,correspondence solicited or1 better1 call and examine the cattle1 and select your own stock4 ,,scotch ,,collie ,,shepherd ,,pups1 --,,from-- ,,imported ,,and ,,trained ,,stock --,,also-- ,newfoundland ,pups and ,rat ,terrier ,pups4 ,concise and practical printed instruction in ,training young ,shepherd ,dogs is given to buyers of ,shepherd ,puppies2 or will be sent on receipt of #be cents in postage stamps4 ,for ,printed ,circular1 giving full particulars about ,shepherd ,dogs1 enclose a #c-;cent stamp1 and address ,n4 ,h4 ,,paaren1 ,p4 ,o4 ,box #cbf4--;,,chicago1 ,,ill4 ,,victoria ,,swine4 ,illustration3 ,,falstaff4 ,winner of ,first ,prize ,chicago ,fat ,stock ,show #ahgh4 ,originators of this famous breed4 ,also breeders of ,pekin ,ducks and ,light ,brahma ,fowls4 ,stock for sale4 ,send for circular ,a4 ,,schiedt ,,davis1 ,dyer1 ,lake ,co4 ,ind ,,stewart',s ,,healing ,,powder4 ,illustration of two people and a horse ,,sold ,,by ,,harness ,,and ,,drug ,,stores4 ,warranted to cure all open ,sores on ,,animals from any cause4 ,chester ,white ,pigs4 ,good as the best at prices to suit the times4 ,also1 ,short-horn cattle4 ,send for price list4 ,s4 ,h4 ,,olmstead1 ,freedom1 ,la ,salle ,co41 ,ill4 ,reduced rates by express4 #bjhf ,lbs4 ,w'ght ,of ,two ,ohio ,,improved ,,chester ,,hogs4 ,send for description of this famous breed1 ,also ,fowls1 ,l4 ,b4 ,,silver1 ,,cleveland1 ,o4 ,,silver ,,springs ,,herd1 ,,jersey ,,cattle1 combining the best butter families4 ,correspondence solicited4 ,t4 ,l4 ,,hacker1 ,madison1 ,wis4 ,,pig ,,extricator ,to aid animals in giving birth4 ,send for free circular to ,,wm4 ,,dulin1 ,avoca1 ,pottawattamie ,co41 ,ia4 ,,cards #dj ,satin ,finish ,cards1 ,new ,imported designs1 name on and ,present ,free for #aj;c4 ,cut this out4 ,,clinton ,,bros4 ,co41 ,clintonville1 ,ct4 #dj 7#ahhd7 ,chromo ,cards1 no #b alike1 with name1 #aj;c41 #ac pks4 #a4 ,,george ,i4 ,,reed ,,co41 ,nassau1 ,n4 ,y4 ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer is the ,cheapest and ,best ,agricultural ,paper published4 ,only #b4jj per year4 ,illustration3 ,,literature4 ,,the ,,gentleman ,,farmer4 ,he owned the farm--at least 'twas thought ,he owned1 since he lived upon it1-- ,and when he came there1 with him brought ,the men whom he had hired to run it4 ,he had been bred to city life ,and had acquired a little money2 ,but1 strange conceit1 himself and wife ,thought farming must be something funny4 ,he did not work himself at all1 ,but spent his time in recreation-- ,in pitching quoits and playing ball1 ,and such mild forms of dissipation4 ,he kept his rods and trolling spoons1 ,his guns and dogs of various habits1-- ,while in the fall he hunted coons1 ,and in the winter skunks and rabbits4 ,his hired help were quick to learn ,the liberties that might be taken1 ,and through the season scarce would earn ,the salt it took to save their bacon4 ,he knew no more than child unborn1 ,one-half the time1 what they were doing1-- ,whether they stuck to hoeing corn1 ,or had on hand some mischief brewing4 ,his crops1 although they were but few1 ,with proper food were seldom nourished1 ,while cockle instead of barley grew1 ,and noxious weeds and thistles flourished4 ,his cows in spring looked more like rails ,set up on legs1 than living cattle2 ,and when they switched their dried-up tails ,the very bones in them would rattle4 ,at length the sheriff came along1 ,who soon relieved him of his labors4 ,while he became the jest and song ,of his more enterprising neighbors4 ,back to the place where life began1 ,back to the home from whence he wandered1 ,a sadder1 if not a wiser man1 ,he went with all his money squandered4 ,,moral4 ,on any soil1 be it loam or clay1 ,mellow and light1 or rough and stony1 ,those men who best make farming pay ,find use for brains as well as money4 --,tribune and ,farmer4 ,,frank ,,dobb',s ,,wives4 ,the great trouble with my son1 old ,dobb observed to me once1 is that he is a genius4 ,and the old gentleman sighed and looked with melancholy eyes at the picture on the genius's easel4 ,it was a clever picture1 but everything ,frank ,dobb did was clever1 from his painting to his banjo playing4 ,clever was the true name for it1 for of substantial merit it possessed none4 ,he had begun to paint without learning to draw1 and he could pick a tune out of any musical instrument extant without ever having mastered the mysteries of notes4 ,he talked the most graceful of airy nothings1 and could not cover a page of note paper without his orthography going lame1 and all the rest of his small acquirements and accomplishments were proportionately shallow and incomplete4 ,paternal partiality laid it to his being too gifted to study1 but the cold logic1 which no ties of consanguinity influenced1 ascribed it to laziness4 ,frank was1 indeed1 the idlest and best-natured fellow in the world4 ,you never saw him busy1 angry1 or out of spirits4 ,he painted a little1 thrummed his guitar a little longer or rattled a tune off on his piano1 smoked and read a great deal1 and flirted still more1 all in the same deliberate and easy-going way4 ,any excuse was sufficient to absolve him from serious work4 ,so he lead a pleasant1 useless life1 with ,dobb senior to pay the bills4 ,he had the handsomest studio in ,new ,york1 a studio for one of ,ouida's heroes to luxuriate in4 ,if the encouragement of picturesque surroundings could have made a painter of him he would have been a master4 ,the fame of his studio1 and the fact that he did not need the money1 made his pictures sell4 ,he was quite a lion in society1 and it was regarded as a favor to be asked to call on him4 ,he was the beau ideal of the artist of romance1 and was accorded a romantic eminence accordingly4 ,so1 with his pictures to provide him with pocket money1 and his father to see to the rest1 he lived the life of a young prince1 feted and flattered and spoiled1 artistically despised by all the serious workers who knew him1 and hated by some who envied him the commercial success he had no necessity for1 but esteemed by most of us as a good fellow and his own worst enemy4 ,frank married his first wife while ,dobb senior was still at the helm of his own affairs4 ,she was a charming little woman whose acquaintance he had made when she visited his studio with a party of friends4 ,she had not a penny1 but he made a draft upon the governor1 as he called him1 and the happy pair digested their honeymoon in ,europe4 ,they were absent six months1 during which time he did not set brush to canvas4 ,then they returned1 as he fancifully termed it1 to go to work4 ,he commenced the old life as if he had never been married4 ,the familiar sound of pipes and beer1 and supper after the play1 often with young ladies who had been assisting in the representation on the stage1 was traveled as if there had been no ,mrs4 ,dobb at home in the flat old ,dobb provided4 ,frank's expenditures on himself were as lavish as they had been in his bachelor days4 ,as little ,brown said1 it was lucky that ,mrs4 ,dobb had a father-in-law to buy her dinner for her4 ,she rarely came to her husband's studio1 because he claimed that it interfered with the course of business4 ,he had invented a fiction that she was too weak to endure the strain of society1 and so he took her into it as little as possible4 ,in brief1 married by the caprice of a selfish man1 the poor little woman lived through a couple of neglected years1 and then died of a malady as nearly akin to a broken heart as ,i can think of1 while ,frank was making a trip to the ,bahamas on the yacht of his friend ,munnybagge1 of the ,stock ,exchange4 ,he had set out on the voyage ostensibly to make studies1 for he was a marine painter1 on the principle1 probably1 that marines are easiest to paint4 ,when he came back and found his wife dead1 he announced that he would move his studio to ,havana for the purpose of improving his art4 ,he did so1 putting off his mourning suit the day after he left ,new ,york and not putting it on again1 as the evidence of creditable witnesses on the steamer and in ,havana has long since proved4 ,his son's callousness was a savage stab in old ,dobb's heart4 ,a little1 mild-looking old gentleman1 without a taint of selfishness or suspicion in his own nature1 he had not seen the effect of his indulgence of him on his son till his brutal disregard for his first duty as a man had told him of it4 ,the old man had appreciated and loved his daughter-in-law4 ,in proportion as he had discovered her unhappiness and its just cause1 he had lost his affection for his son4 ,i hear that there was a terrible scene when ,frank came home1 a week after his wife had been buried4 ,he claimed to have missed the telegram announcing her death to him at ,nassau1 but ,munnybagge had already told some friends that he had got the dispatch in time for the steamer1 but had remained over till the next one1 because he had a flirtation on hand with little ,gonzales1 the ,cuban heiress1 and old ,dobb had heard of it4 ,munnybagge never took him yachting again2 and1 speaking to me once about him1 he designated him1 not by name1 but as that infernal bloodless cad4 ,however1 as ,i have said1 there was a desperate row between father and son1 and ,frank is said to have slunk out of the house like a whipped cur1 and been quite dull company at the supper which he took after the opera that night in ,gillian ,trussell's jolly ,bohemian flat4 ,when he emigrated1 with his studio traps filling half a dozen packing cases1 none of the boys bothered to see him off4 ,they had learned to see through his good fellowship1 and recalled a poor little phantom1 to whose life and happiness he had been a wicked and bitter enemy4 ,about a year after his departure ,i read the announcement in the ,herald of the marriage of ,franklin ,d4 ,dobb1 ,sr41 to a widow well-known and popular in society4 ,i took the trouble to ascertain that it was ,frank's father1 and being among some of the boys that night1 mentioned it to them4 ,well1 remarked ,smith1 that's really queer4 ,you remember ,frank left some things in my care when he went away8 ,yesterday ,i got a letter asking about them1 and informing me that he had got married and was coming home4 ,he did come home1 and he settled in his old studio4 ,what sort of a meeting he had with his father this time ,i never heard4 ,the old gentleman had been paying him his allowance regularly while he was away1 and ,i believe he kept up the payment still4 ,but otherwise he gave him no help1 and if he ever needed help he did now4 ,his wife was a ,cuban1 as pretty and as helpless as a doll4 ,she had been an heiress till her brother had turned rebel and had his property confiscated4 ,unfortunately for ,frank1 he had married her before the culmination of this catastrophe4 ,in fact1 he had been paying court to her with the dispatch announcing his wife's death in his pocket1 and had married her long before the poor little clay was well settled in the grave he had sent it to4 ,in marrying her he had evidently believed he was establishing his future4 ,so he was1 but it was a future of expiation for the sins and omissions of his past4 ,the new ,mrs4 ,dobb was a tigress in her love and her jealousy4 ,she was childish and ignorant1 and adored her husband as a man and an artist4 ,she measured his value by her estimation of him1 and was on the watch perpetually for trespassers on her domain4 ,the domestic outbreaks between the two were positively blood curdling4 ,one afternoon1 ,i remember1 ,gillian ,trussell1 who had heard of his return1 called on him4 ,mrs4 ,d4 met her at the studio door1 told her1 ,frank1 as she called him1 was out2 slammed the door in her face1 and then flew at him with a palette scraper4 ,we had to break the door in1 and found him holding her off by both wrists1 and she frothing in a mad fit of hysterics4 ,from that day he was a changed man4 ,she owned him body and soul4 ,the life the pair lived after that was simply ridiculously miserable4 ,he had lost his old social popularity1 and was forced to sell his pictures to the cheap dealers1 when he was lucky enough to sell them at all4 ,the paternal allowance would not support the flat they first occupied1 and they went into a boarding house4 ,inside of a month they were in the papers1 on account of outbreaks on ,mrs4 ,dobb's part against one of the ladies of the house4 ,a couple of days after he leased a little room opening into his studio1 converted it into a bed-room1 and they settled there for good4 ,such a housekeeping as it was--like a scene in a farce4 ,the studio had long since run to seed1 and a perpetual odor of something to eat hung over it along with the sickening reek of the ,florida water ,mrs4 ,d41 like all other creoles1 made more liberal use of than of the pure element it was half-named from4 ,crumbs and crusts and chop-bones1 which the dog had left1 littered the rugs2 and ,i can not recall the occasion on which the caterer's tin box was not standing at the door1 unless it was when the dirty plates were piled up1 there waiting for him to come for them4 ,i dined there once4 ,frank had had a savage quarrel with her that day1 and wanted me for a bender4 ,but the scheme availed him nothing1 for she broke out over the soup and ,i left them to fight it out1 and finished my feast at a chop house4 ,all of his old flirtations came back to curse him now4 ,his light loves of the playhouse and his innocent devotions of the ball room were alike the instruments fate had forged into those of punishment for him4 ,the very names of his old fancies1 which1 with that subtle instinct all women possess1 she had found out1 were sufficient to send his wife into a frenzy4 ,she was a chronic theatre-goer1 and they never went to the theatre without bringing a quarrel home with them4 ,if he was silent at the play she charged him with neglecting her2 if he brisked up and tried to chat1 her jealousy would soon pick out some casus belli in the small talk he strove to interest her with4 ,a word to a passing friend1 a glance at one of her own sex1 was sufficient to set her going4 ,i shall never question that jealousy is a form of actual madness1 after what ,i saw of it in the lives of that miserable man and woman4 ,a year after his return he was the ghost of his old self4 ,he was haggard and often unshaven2 his attire was shabby and carelessly put on2 he had lost his old1 jaunty air1 and went by you with a hurried pace1 and his head and shoulders bent with an indescribable suggestion of humility4 ,the fear of having her break out1 regardless of any one who might be by1 which hung over him at home1 haunted him out of doors1 too4 ,the avenger of ,mrs4 ,dobb the first had broken his spirit as effectually as he had broken ,mrs4 ,dobb's heart4 ,smith occupied the next studio to him1 and one evening ,i was smoking there1 when an atrocious uproar commenced in the next room4 ,we could distinguish ,frank's voice and his wife's1 and another strange one4 ,smith looked at me1 grinned1 and shrugged his shoulders4 ,the disturbance ceased in a couple of minutes1 and a door banged4 ,then came a crash1 a shrill and furious scream1 and the sound of feet4 ,we ran to the door1 in time to see ,mrs4 ,dobb1 her hair in a tangle down her back1 in a dirty wrapper and slipshod slippers1 stumbling down stairs4 ,we posted after her1 ,smith nearly breaking his neck by tripping over one of the slippers which she had shed as she ran4 ,the theatres were just out and the streets full of people1 among whom she jostled her way like the mad woman that she was4 ,we came up with her as she overtook her husband1 who was walking with ,mc,gilp1 the dealer who handled his pictures4 ,she seized him by the arm and screamed out3 ,i told you ,i would come with you4 ,his face for a moment was the face of a devil1 full of fury and despair4 ,i saw his fist clench itself and the big vein in his forehead swell4 ,but he slipped his hands into his pockets1 looked appealingly at ,mc,gilp1 and said1 shrugging his shoulders1 ,you see how it is1 ,mac8 ,mc,gilp nodded and walked abruptly away1 with a look full of contempt and scorn4 ,we mingled with the crowd and saw the poor wretches go off together1 he grim and silent1 she hysterically excited--with all the world staring at them4 ,smith slept on a lounge in my room that night4 ,i couldn't get a wink up there1 he said1 and ,i don't want to be even the ear witness of a murder4 ,the night did not witness the tragedy he anticipated1 though4 ,next day1 ,frank ,dobb came to see me--a compliment he had not paid me for months4 ,he was the incarnation of abject misery1 and so nervous that he could scarcely speak intelligibly4 ,i saw you in the crowd last night1 old man1 he said1 looking at the floor and twisting and untwisting his fingers4 ,what do you think of it8 ,a nice life for a fellow to lead1 eh8 ,what else could ,i reply than1 ,why do you lead it then8 ,why8 he repeated1 breaking into a hollow1 uneasy laugh4 ,why1 because ,i love her1 damn me6 and ,i deserve it all4 ,is this what you came to tell me8 ,i asked4 ,no1 he answered1 of course not4 ,the fact is1 ,i want you to help me out of a hole4 ,that row last night has settled me with ,mc,gilp4 ,he came to see me about a lot of pictures for a sale he is getting up out ,west1 and the senora kept up such a nagging that he got sick and suggested that we should go to ',the ,studio' for a chop and settle the business there4 ,she swore ,i shouldn't go1 and that she would follow us if ,i did4 ,i thought she'd not go that far2 but she did4 ,so the ,mc,gilp affair is off for good1 ,i know4 ,he's disgusted1 and ,i don't blame him4 ,what ,i want of you is this4 ,buy that ,hoguet you wanted last year4 ,the picture was one ,i had fancied and offered him a price for in his palmy days1 one that he had picked up abroad4 ,i was only too glad to take it and a couple more1 for which ,i paid him at once2 and next evening1 at dinner1 ,i heard that he had levanted4 ,walked out this morning1 said ,smith1 and sent a messenger an hour after with word that he had already left the city4 ,she came in to me with the letter in one hand and a dagger in the other4 ,she swears he has run away with another woman1 and says she's going to have her life1 if she has to follow her around the world4 ,she did not carry out her sanguinary purpose1 though4 ,there were some consultations with old ,dobb and then the studio was to let again4 ,some one told me she had returned to ,cuba1 where she proposed to live on the allowance her father-in-law had made her husband and which he now continued to her4 ,i had almost forgotten her when1 several years later1 in the lobby of the ,academy of ,music1 she touched my arm with her fan4 ,she was promenading on the arm of a handsome but beefy-looking ,englishman1 whom she introduced to me as her husband4 ,i had not heard of a divorce1 but ,i took the introduction as information that there had been one4 ,the ,englishman was a better fellow than he looked4 ,we supped together after the opera1 and ,i learned that he had met ,mrs4 ,dobb in ,havana1 where he had spent some years in business4 ,i found her a changed woman--a new woman1 indeed1 in whom ,i only now and then caught a glimpse of her old indolent1 babyish and foolish self4 ,she was not only prettier than ever1 but she had become a sensible and clever woman4 ,the influence of an intelligent man1 who was strong enough to bend her to his ways1 had developed her latent brightness and taught her to respect herself as well as him4 ,i met her several times after that1 and at the last meeting but one she spoke of ,frank for the first time4 ,her black eyes snapped when she uttered his name4 ,the devil was alive in them1 though love was dead4 ,i told her that ,i had heard nothing of him since his disappearance4 ,but ,i have1 she said1 showing her white teeth in a curious smile4 ,indeed6 ,i replied1 quite astounded4 ,the coward6 she went on bitterly2 and to think ,i could ever have loved such a thing as he6 ,do you know1 ,mr4 ,x41 that ,i never knew he had been married till after he had fled8 ,then his father told me how he had courted my father's money1 with his wife lying dead at home4 ,oh6 ,senor ,francisco1 ,senor ,francisco6 ,before ,i heard that1 ,i wanted to kill the woman who had stolen you from me4 ,the moment after ,i could have struck you dead at my feet4 ,she threw her arm up1 holding her fan like a dagger4 ,i believed her1 and so would any one who had seen her then4 ,i had hardly settled in ,havana1 she continued1 before ,i received a letter from him4 ,already he wanted to come back to me4 ,had the other woman tired of him already8 ,i asked myself1 or was it really true1 as his father had told me1 that he had fled alone8 ,i answered the letter1 and he wrote again4 ,again ,i answered1 and so it was kept up4 ,for two years ,i played with the love ,i now knew was worthless4 ,he was traveling round the world1 and a dozen times wanted to come directly to me4 ,i insisted that he should keep his journey up--as a probation1 you see4 ,he submitted4 ,but oh6 how he did love me6 ,the exultation with which she told this was absolutely fiendish4 ,i could see in it1 plainer than any words could tell it to me1 the scheme of vengeance she had carried out1 the alternating hopes and torments to which she had raised1 and into which she had plunged him4 ,i could see him wandering around the globe1 scourged by remorses1 agonized by doubts1 and maddened by despairs1 accepting the lies she wrote him as inviolable pledges1 and sustaining himself with the vision of a future never to be fulfilled4 ,she read the expression of my face1 and laughed4 ,was it not an idea8 she asked4 ,was that not better than this8 ,and again she stabbed the air with her fan4 ,but--pardon me the question--but you have begun the confidence1 ,i said4 ,how will it end8 ,it has ended1 she answered4 ,how8 ,i had been divorced while ,i was writing to him4 ,a year ago he was to be in ,london1 where ,i was to meet him4 ,while he was sailing from the ,cape of ,good ,hope ,i was being married to a man who loved me for myself1 and to whom ,i had confided all4 ,instead of my address at the ,london post office he received a notification of my marriage1 addressed to him in my own hand and mailed to him by myself4 ,he wrote once or twice still1 but my husband indorsed the letters with his own name and returned them unopened4 ,he may be dead for all ,i know1 but ,i hope and pray he is still alive1 and will remain alive and love me for a thousand years4 ,she opened her arms1 as if to hug her vengeance to her heart1 and looked at me steadily with eyes that thrilled me with their lambent fire4 ,no wonder the wretched vagabond loved her6 ,what a doom his selfishness and his duplicity had invoked upon him6 ,i believe if he could have seen her as ,i saw her then1 so different from and better than he knew her to be1 he would have gone mad on the spot4 ,poor ,mrs4 ,dobb the first was indeed avenged4 ,we sipped our chocolate and talked of other things1 as if such a being as ,frank ,dobb had never been4 ,her husband joined us and we made an evening of it at the theatre4 ,i knew from the way he looked at me1 and from the increased warmth of his manner1 that he was conversant with his wife's having made a confidant of me4 ,but ,i do not think he knew how far her confidence had gone4 ,i have often wondered since if he knew how deep and fierce the hatred she carried for his predecessor was4 ,there are things women will reveal to strangers which they will die rather than divulge to those they love4 ,i saw them off to ,europe1 for they were going to establish themselves in ,london1 and ,i have never seen or directly heard from them since4 ,but some months after their departure ,i received a letter from ,robinson1 who has been painting there ever since his picture made that great hit in the ,salon of '#g--4 ,i have odd news for you1 he wrote4 ,you remember ,frank ,dobb1 who belonged to our old ,pen and ,pencil ,club1 and who ran away from that ,cuban wife of his just before ,i left home8 ,well1 about a year ago ,i met him in ,fleet street1 the shabbiest beggar you ever saw4 ,he was quite tight and smelled of gin across the street4 ,he was taking a couple of drawings to a penny dreadful office which he was making pictures for at ten shillings a piece4 ,i went to see him once1 in the dismalest street back of ,drury ,lane4 ,he was doing some painting for a dealer1 when he was sober enough1 and of all the holes you ever saw his was it4 ,i soon had to sit down on him1 for he got into the habit of coming to see me and loafing around1 making the studio smell like a pub1 till ,i would lend him five shillings to go away4 ,i heard nothing of him till the other day ,i came across an event which this from the ,telegraph will explain4 ,the following newspaper paragraph was appended3 ,the man who shot himself on the door-step of ,mr4 ,bennerley ,green1 the ,west ,india merchant1 last ,monday1 has been discovered to be an ,american who for some time has been employed furnishing illustrations to the lower order of publications here4 ,he was known as ,allan1 but this is said to have been an assumed name4 ,he is stated to be the son of a wealthy ,new ,yorker1 who discarded him in consequence of his habits of dissipation1 and to have once been an artist of considerable prominence in the ,united ,states4 ,all that is known of the suicide is the story told by the servant1 who a few minutes after admitting his master and mistress upon their return from the theatre1 heard the report of a pistol in the street1 and on opening the door found the wretched man dead upon the step4 ,the body was buried after the inquest at the charge of the eminent ,american artist1 ,mr4 ,j4 ,j4 ,robinson1 ,a4 ,r4 ,a41 who had known him in his better days4 ,the second husband of ,mrs4 ,frank ,dobb is ,mr4 ,bennerley ,green1 the ,west ,india merchant4--,the ,continent4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,consumption ,,cured4 ,an old physician1 retired from practice1 having had placed in his hands by an ,east ,india missionary the formula of a simple vegetable remedy for the speedy and permanent cure of ,consumption1 ,bronchitis1 ,catarrh1 ,asthma and all throat and ,lung ,affections1 also a positive and radical cure for ,nervous ,debility and all ,nervous ,complaints1 after having tested its wonderful curative powers in thousands of cases1 has felt it his duty to make it known to his suffering fellows4 ,actuated by this motive and a desire to relieve human suffering1 ,i will send free of charge1 to all who desire it1 this recipe1 in ,german1 ,french1 or ,english1 with full directions for preparing and using4 ,sent by mail by addressing with stamp1 naming this paper4 ,w4 ,a4 ,,noyes1 #adi ,power's ,block1 ,rochester1 ,n4 ,y4 ,illustration3 ,,humorous ,many cures for snoring have been invented1 but none have stood the test so well as the old reliable clothes-pin4 ,a ,clergyman says that the baby that pulls whiskers1 bites fingers1 and grabs for everything it sees has in it the elements of a successful politician4 ,a ,hartford man has a ,bible bearing date #aeii4 ,it is very easy to preserve a ,bible for a great many years1 because--because--well1 we don't know what the reason is1 but it is so1 nevertheless4 ,a ,vermont man has a hen thirty years old4 ,the other day a hawk stole it1 but after an hour came back with a broken bill and three claws gone1 put down the hen and took an old rubber boot in place of it4 ,alexander ,gumbleton ,ruffleton ,scufflton ,oborda ,whittleton ,sothenhall ,benjaman ,franklin ,squires is still a resident of ,north ,carolina1 aged ninety-two4 ,the census taker always thinks at first that the old man is guying4 ,a little five-year-old friend1 who was always allowed to choose the prettiest kitten for his pet and playmate before the other nurslings were drowned1 was taken to his mother's sick room the other morning to see the two tiny new twin babes4 ,he looked reflectively from one to the other for a minute or two1 then1 poking his chubby finger into the plumpest baby1 he said decidedly1 ,save this one4 ,in promulgating your esoteric cogitation on articulating superficial sentimentalities and philosophical psychological observation1 beware of platitudinous ponderosity4 ,let your conversation possess a clarified conciseness1 compact comprehensiveness1 coalescent consistency1 and a concatenated cognancy2 eschew all conglomerations of flatulent garrulity and jejune babblement4 ,in other words1 don't use such big words4 ,,how ,,he ,,was ,,sleighed4 ,a boy once took it in his head ,that he would exercise his sled4 ,he took the sled into the road ,and1 lord a massy6 how he slode4 ,and as he slid1 he laughing cried1 ,what fun upon my sled to slide4 ,and as he laughed1 before he knewed1 ,he from that sliding sled was slude4 ,upon the slab where he was laid ,they carved this line3 ,this boy was sleighed4 ,a ,farmer's ,wife wants to know if we can recommend anything to destroy the common grub4 ,we guess the next tramp that comes along could oblige you4 ,,miscellaneous ,,the ,,union ,,broad-,,cast ,,seeder4 ,illustration of a seeder ,the only #aa-;,foot ,seeder ,in the ,market ,upon ,which the ,operator can ,ride1 ,see ,his ,work1 and ,control the ,machine4 ,,no ,,gear ,,wheels1 ,,feed ,,placed ,,directly ,,on ,,the ,,axle1 ,a ,,positive ,,force ,,feed1 ,also ,,force ,,feed ,,grass ,,seed ,,attachment4 ,we also manufacture the ,seeder with ,cultivators of different widths4 ,for ,circulars and ,prices address the ,manufacturers1 ,,hart1 ,,hitchcock1 ,,co41 ,peoria1 ,ill4 ,when you write mention ,the ,prairie ,farmer4 ,illustration of coulter parts ,don't be ,humbugged ,with ,poor1 ,cheap ,coulters4 ,all farmers have had trouble with their ,coulters4 ,in a few days they get to wobbling1 are condemned and thrown aside4 ,in our ,,boss ,coulter we furnish a tool which can scarcely be worn out2 and when worn1 the wearable parts1 a prepared wood journal1 and movable thimble in the hub 7held in place by a key7 can be easily and cheaply renewed4 ,we guarantee our ,,boss to plow more acres than any other three ,coulters now used4 ,,our ,o4,k4 ,,clamp ,attaches the ,coulter to any size or kind of beam1 either right or left hand plow4 ,we know that after using it you will say it is the ,best ,tool on the ,market4 ,ask your dealer for it4 ,manufactured by the ,,boss ,,coulter ,,co41 ,bunker ,hill1 ,ill4 ,,the ,,golden ,,belt ,,along ,,the ,,kansas ,,division ,u4 ,p4 ,r',,way4 ,,kansas ,,lands ,,stock ,,raising ,buffalo ,grass ,pasture ,summer and ,winter4 ,,wool-,,growing ,unsurpassed for ,climate1 ,grasses1 ,water4 ,,corn and ,,wheat #bjj1jjj1jjj ,bus4 ,corn4 #cj1jjj1jjj ,wheat4 ,,fruit ,the best ,in the ,eastern ,market4 ,pamphlets and ,maps free4 ,b4 ,mc,a,l,l,a,s,t,e,r1 ,land ,commis'r1 ,kansas ,city1 ,mo4 ,illustration of a typewriter ,,the ,,standard ,,remington ,,type-,,writer is acknowledged to be the only rapid and reliable writing machine4 ,it has no rival4 ,these machines are used for transcribing and general correspondence in every part of the globe1 doing their work in almost every language4 ,any young man or woman of ordinary ability1 having a practical knowledge of the use of this machine may find constant and remunerative employment4 ,all machines and supplies1 furnished by us1 warranted4 ,satisfaction guaranteed or money refunded4 ,send for circulars ,,wyckoff1 ,,seamans ,,benedict4 #ch ,east ,madison ,st4 ,chicago1 ,ill4 ,,grateful--,,comforting4 ,,epps',s ,,cocoa4 ,,breakfast4 ,by a thorough knowledge of the natural laws which govern the operations of digestion and nutrition1 and by a careful application of the fine properties of well-selected ,cocoa1 ,mr4 ,epps has provided our breakfast tables with a delicately flavored beverage which may save us many heavy doctors' bills4 ,it is by the judicious use of such articles of diet that a constitution may be gradually built up until strong enough to resist every tendency to disease4 ,hundreds of subtle maladies are floating around us ready to attack wherever there is a weak point4 ,we may escape many a fatal shaft by keeping ourselves well fortified with pure blood and a properly nourished frame4--,civil ,service ,gazette4 ,made simply with boiling water or milk4 ,sold only in half-pound tins by ,grocers1 labeled thus3 ,,james ,,epps ,,co41 ,homoeopathic ,chemists1 ,london1 ,england4 ,when you write mention ,the ,prairie ,farmer4 ,nebraska ,seed ,corn4 ,i have about #a1jjj bushels of very choice selected yellow corn1 which ,i have tested and know all will grow1 which ,i will put into good sacks and ship by freight in not less than #e-;bushel lots at #a per bushel of #gj lbs41 ears4 ,it is very large yield and early maturing corn4 ,this seed is well adapted to ,ohio1 ,indiana1 ,michigan1 ,illinois1 and the whole ,northwest4 ,send money by ,p4,o4 order1 registered letter1 or draft4 ,address3 ,c4 ,h4 ,,lee1 ,silver ,creek1 ,merrick ,co41 ,neb4 ,,note--,mr4 ,c4 ,h4 ,lee is my brother-in-law1 and ,i guarantee him in every way reliable and responsible4 ,m4 ,j4 ,,lawrence1 ,ed4 ,ohio ,farmer4 ,illustration of a pocket watch ,we will send you a watch or a chain ,,by ,,mail ,,or ,,express1 ,c4 ,o4 ,d41 to be examined1 before paying any money and if not satisfactory1 returned at our expense4 ,we manufacture all our watches and save you #cj per cent4 ,catalogue of #bej styles free4 ,,every ,,watch ,,warranted4 ,,address3 ,,standard ,,american ,,watch ,,co41 ,,pittsburgh ,,pa4 ,illustration of an anvil-vise tool ,anvil1 ,vise1 ,out off ,tool for ,farm and ,home use4 #c sizes1 #d4ej1 #e4ej1 #f4ej4 ,sold by hardware dealers4 ,to introduce1 one free to first person who gets up club of four4 ,agents wanted4 ,write for circulars4 ,,cheney ,,anvil ,,vise ,,co41 ,,detroit1 ,,mich4 ,,agents ,,wanted ,,everywhere to solicit ,subscriptions for this paper4 ,write ,prairie ,farmer ,publishing ,co41 ,chicago1 for particulars4 ,,to ,,preserve ,,the ,,health ,use the ,magneton ,appliance ,co4's ,,magnetic ,,lung ,,protector6 ,,price ,,only #e4 ,they are priceless to ,,ladies1 ,,gentlemen1 and ,,children ,,with ,,weak ,,lungs2 no case of ,,pneumonia ,,or ,,croup is ever known where these garments are worn4 ,they also prevent and cure ,,heart ,,difficulties1 ,,colds1 ,,rheumatism1 ,,neuralgia1 ,,throat ,,troubles1 ,,diphtheria1 ,,catarrh1 ,,and ,,all ,,kindred ,,diseases4 ,will ,,wear any service for ,,three ,,years4 ,are worn over the under-clothing4 ,,catarrh ,it is needless to describe the symptoms of this nauseous disease that is sapping the life and strength of only too many of the fairest and best of both sexes4 ,labor1 study1 and research in ,america1 ,europe1 and ,eastern lands1 have resulted in the ,magnetic ,lung ,protector1 affording cure for ,catarrh1 a remedy which contains ,,no ,,drugging ,,of ,,the ,,system1 and with the continuous stream of ,magnetism permeating through the afflicted organs1 ,,must ,,restore ,,them ,,to ,a ,,healthy ,,action4 ,,we ,,place ,,our ,,price for this ,appliance at less than one-twentieth of the price asked by others for remedies upon which you take all the chances1 and ,,we ,,especially ,,invite the patronage of the ,,many ,,persons who have tried ,,drugging ,,their ,,stomachs ,,without ,,effect4 ,,how ,,to ,,obtain ,this ,appliance4 ,go to your druggist and ask for them4 ,if they have not got them1 write to the proprietors1 enclosing the price1 in letter at our risk1 and they will be sent to you at once by mail1 post-paid4 ,send stamp for the ,new ,departure in ,medical ,treatment ,,without ,,medicine1 with thousands of testimonials1 ,,the ,,magneton ,,appliance ,,co41 #bah ,state ,street1 ,chicago1 ,ill4 ,,note4--,send one dollar in postage stamps or currency 7in letter at our risk7 with size of shoe usually worn1 and try a pair of our ,magnetic ,insoles1 and be convinced of the power residing in our ,magnetic ,appliances4 ,positively no cold feet where they are worn1 or money refunded4 ,illustration of person holding a card ,print ,your ,own ,cards ,labels1 ,envelopes1 etc4 with our #c ,printing ,press4 ,larger sizes for circulars1 et41 #h to #ge4 ,for pleasure1 money-making1 young or old4 ,everything easy1 printed instructions4 ,send #b stamps for ,catalogue of ,presses ,type1 ,cards1 etc41 to the factory4 ,,kelsey ,,co41 ,meriden1 ,conn4 ,,general ,,news4 ,st4 ,louis is to have a dog show about the middle of ,april4 ,south ,chicago had a #ge1jjj fire on the night of the #agth4 ,new ,york is to have a new water supply to cost #cj1jjj1jjj4 ,there are about #ej1jjj ,northern tourists in ,florida at this time4 ,another conspiracy against the ,government is brewing in ,spain4 ,a sister of ,john ,brown1 of ,osawatomie is a resident of ,des ,moines4 ,dakota will spend nearly a million and a half for school purposes this year4 ,king's ,opera ,house and several adjacent buildings at ,knoxville1 ,tenn41 were burned ,monday night4 ,a child in ,philadelphia has just been attacked by hydrophobia from the bite of a dog three years ago4 ,captain ,traynor1 who once crossed the ,atlantic in a dory1 now proposes to make the trip in a rowboat4 ,during the present century #aej1jjj1jjj copies of the ,bible have been printed in #bbf different languages4 ,the ,governor ,general at ,trieste was surprised ,tuesday by the explosion of a bomb in front of his residence4 ,the man who fired the first gun in the battle of ,gettysburg lives in ,malvern1 ,iowa4 ,his name is ,dick ,gidley4 ,st4 ,patrick's ,day was appropriately 7as the custom goes7 celebrated in ,chicago1 and the other large cities of the country4 ,kansas has #dbj newspapers1 including dailies1 weeklies1 semi-weeklies1 monthlies1 semi-monthlies1 tri-monthlies1 and quarterlies4 ,a ,dubuque watchmaker has invented a watch movement which has no dial-wheels1 and is said will create a revolution in watch-making4 ,in the trial of ,orrin ,a4 ,carpenter for the murder of ,zura ,burns1 now in progress at ,petersburg1 ,illinois1 the prosecution has rested its case4 ,all the members of the ,united ,states ,senate signed a telegram to ,simon ,cameron1 now in ,florida1 congratulating him on his eighty-fifth birthday4 ,the inventor of a system of electric lighting announces that he is about to use the water-power at ,niagara to furnish light to sixty-five cities4 ,the ,british leaders in ,egypt have offered a reward of #e1jjj for the capture of ,osman ,digma1 the rebel leader1 whom ,gen4 ,graham has now defeated in two battles4 ,the ,gulf1 ,colorado and ,santa ,fe road is at war with the ,western ,union ,telegraph ,company in ,texas1 and sends ten-word messages through that ,state for fifteen cents4 ,thirty-four counties and twenty-one railroads between ,pittsburg and ,cairo report fifty-five bridges destroyed by the ,february flood4 ,the estimated cost of replacing them is #baj1jjj4 ,there is a movement on foot in ,chicago which may result in the holding of both the ,national ,conventions in ,battery ,d ,hall1 which is said to have better acoustic properties than the ,exposition ,building4 ,it is reported that more than six thousand ,indians are starving at ,fort ,peck ,agency4 ,game has entirely disappeared1 and those ,indians who have been turning their attention to farming1 raised scarcely anything last year4 ,the announcement is made at ,st4 ,louis that the ,pacific ,express ,company lost #afj1jjj by ,prentiss ,tiller and his accomplices1 and that #be1jjj of the amount is still missing4 ,tiller1 the thief1 and a supposed accomplice1 are under arrest4 ,the ,british ,house of ,commons was in session all last ,saturday night1 considering war measures4 ,it is rumored that ,parliament will be dissolved1 and a new election held to ascertain if the ,ministry measures are pleasing to the majority of the people4 ,the crevasse at ,carrollton1 ,louisiana1 has been closed4 ,a break occurred ,monday morning in the ,mulatto levee1 near ,baton ,rouge1 and at last advices was forty feet wide and six feet deep1 threatening all the plantations down to ,plaquemine4 ,the ,egyptian rebels1 as they are called1 fight with great bravery4 ,so far1 however1 they have been unable to cope with their better armed and disciplined enemy1 but it is reported that they are not at all discouraged1 but swear they will yet drink the blood of the ,turks and their allies from ,england4 ,illustration3 ,,markets ,,financial ,,and ,,commercial4 ,,office ,,of ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer1 ,,chicago4 ,march #ah1 #ahhd4 ,there was a better feeling in banking circles on ,monday but transactions were not heavy4 ,interest rates remain at #eg per cent4 ,eastern exchange sold between banks at #be;c per #a1jjj premium4 ,foreign exchange unchanged4 ,the failures in the ,united ,states during the past seven days are reported to have numbered #agd1 and in ,canada and the ,provinces #db1 a total of #baf1 as compared with #bgb for the previous week1 a decrease of #ef4 ,the decrease is principally in the ,western1 ,middle1 and ,new ,england ,states4 ,canada had the same number of failures as for the preceding week4 ,,grain ,,and ,,provisions4 ,the week opened with the bears on top and prices were forced downward4 ,speculation was heavy4 ,ocean freights are low1 yet but little grain comparatively is going out4 ,london and ,liverpool advices were not encouraging and the ,new ,york markets were easy4 ,corn was unusually dull4 ,,wheat4--,red winter1 in store ,no4 #b1 #ih;c2 spring ,no4 #b #ibic;c2 ,no4 #c4 #hehi;c on track4 ,,corn4--,moderately active4 ,car lots ,no #b1 #ecec-a_/b;c2 rejected1 #df;c2 new mixed1 #eb-a_/b;c4 ,,oats4--,no4 #b on track closed #cd-a_/dce;c4 ,,rye4--,no4 #b #eifb;c4 ,,barley4--,no4 #b1 #ff;c2 ,no4 #c1 f4o4b4 #fl#fb;c2 ,no4 #e #ej;c4 ,,flax4--,closed at #a #fja #fa on track4 ,,timothy4--#a #bhl #cd per bushel4 ,little doing4 ,,clover4--,quiet at #e #eje #gj for prime4 ,,hungarian4--,prime #fjfg-a_/b;c4 ,,buckwheat4--#gjge;c4 ,,millet4--#deej;c4 ,,provisions4--,mess pork4 ,may #ah #ajah #be4 ,green hams1 #aa-c_/d;c per lb4 ,short ribs1 #i #eei #fj per cwt4 ,,lard4--#i #fji #ge4 ,,country ,,produce4 ,,note4--,the quotations for the articles named in the following list are generally for commission lots of goods and from first hands4 ,while our prices are based as near as may be on the landing or wholesale rates1 allowance must be made for selections and the sorting up for store distribution4 ,,bran4--,quoted at #ae #ejae #ge per ton on track4 ,,beans4--,hand picked mediums #b #ajb #ae4 ,hand picked navies1 #b #aeb #be4 ,,butter4--,choice to extra creamery1 #ccce;c per lb42 fair to good do #becj;c2 fair to choice dairy #bdbh;c2 common to choice packing stock fresh and sweet1 #iaj;c2 ladle packed #ajac;c4 ,,broom-,,corn4--,good to choice hurl #gh;c per lb2 green self-working #ff-a_/b;c2 red-tipped and pale do #de;c2 inside and covers #cd;c2 common short corn #b-a_/bc-a_/b;c2 crooked1 and damaged1 #bd;c1 according to quality4 ,,cheese4--,choice full-cream cheddars #adl#e;c per lb2 medium quality do #ajab;c2 good to prime full-cream flats #aeae-a_/b;c2 skimmed cheddars #iaj;c2 good skimmed flats #gi;c2 hard-skimmed and common stock #eg;c4 ,,eggs4--,the best brands are quotable at #bjba;c per dozen1 fresh4 ,,feathers4--,quotations3 ,prime live geese feathers #ebed;c per lb42 ducks #bece;c2 duck and geese mixed #cede;c2 dry picked chicken feathers body #ff-a_/b;c2 turkey body feathers #dd-a_/b;c2 do tail #eefj;c2 do wing #bece;c2 do wing and tail mixed #cedj;c4 ,,hay4--,no #a timothy #ajaj #ge per ton2 ,no #b do #heji #ej2 mixed do #gh2 upland prairie #gh #ej2 ,no #a prairie #fg2 ,no #b do #d #eje #ej4 ,small bales sell at #beej;c per ton more than large bales4 ,,hides ,,and ,,pelts4--,green-cured light hides #h-a_/b;c per lb2 do heavy cows #h;c2 ,no #b damaged green-salted hides #f-a_/b;c2 green-salted calf #abab-a_/b cents2 green-salted bull #f c2 dry-salted hides #aa cents2 ,no4 #b two-thirds price2 ,no4 #a dry flint #adad-a_/b;c1 ,sheep pelts salable at #bebh;c for the estimated amount of wash wool on each pelt4 ,all branded and scratched hides are discounted #ae per cent from the price of ,no4 #a4 ,,hops4--,prime to choice ,new ,york ,state hops #bgbh;c per lb2 ,pacific coast of #bcbe;c2 fair to good ,wisconsin #aebj;c4 ,,honey ,,and ,,beeswax4--,good to choice white comb honey in small boxes #aeag;c per lb2 common and dark-colored1 or when in large packages #abad;c2 beeswax ranged at #becj;c per lb1 according to quality1 the outside for prime yellow4 ,,poultry4--,prices for good to choice dry picked and unfrozen lots are3 ,turkeys #afl#g;c per lb2 chickens #abac;c2 ducks #adae;c2 geese #ajaa;c4 ,thin1 undesirable1 and frozen stock #bc;c per lb less than these figures2 live offerings nominal4 ,,potatoes4--,good to choice #chdb;c per bu4 on track2 common to fair #cjcf;c4 ,illinois sweet potatoes range at #de per bbl for yellow4 ,,tallow ,,and ,,grease4--,no #a country tallow #gg-a_/d;c per lb2 ,no #b do #f-a_/df-a_/b;c4 ,prime white grease #ff-a_/b;c2 yellow #e-a_/de-c_/d2 brown #d-a_/be4 ,,vegetables4--,cabbage1 #ajae per #ajj2 celery1 #cede;c per per doz bunches2 onions1 #a #eja #ge per bbl for yellow1 and #a for red2 turnips1 #a #cea #ej per bbl for rutabagas1 and #a #jj for white flat4 ,pie plant1 #aj;c per lb4 ,spinach1 #ab per bbl4 ,cucumbers1 #a #ejb #jj per doz2 radishes1 #dj;c per doz2 lettuce1 #dj;c per doz4 ,,wool4--,from store range as follows for bright wools from ,wisconsin1 ,illinois1 ,michigan1 ,indiana1 and ,eastern ,iowa--dark ,western lots generally ranging at #ab;c per lb4 less4 ,coarse and dingy tub #becj ,good medium tub #cacd ,unwashed bucks' fleeces #adae ,fine unwashed heavy fleeces #ahbb ,fine light unwashed heavy fleeces #bbbc ,coarse unwashed fleeces #babb ,low medium unwashed fleeces #bdbe ,fine medium unwashed fleeces #bfbg ,fine washed fleeces #cbcc ,coarse washed fleeces #bfbh ,low medium washed fleeces #cjcb ,fine medium washed fleeces #cdce ,colorado and ,territory wools range as follows3 ,lowest grades #adaf ,low medium #ahbb ,medium #bbbf ,fine #afbd ,wools from ,new ,mexico3 ,lowest grades #adaf ,part improved #afag ,best improved #aibc ,burry from #b;c to #aj;c off2 black #b;c to #e;c off4 ,,live ,,stock ,,markets4 ,the total receipts and shipments for last week were as follows3 ,received4 ,shipped4 ,cattle #cj1ifc #ae1dih ,calves #cge #hb ,hogs #fb1ihh #cd1cfa ,sheep #ah1ghg #aj1daf ,,cattle4--,diseased cattle of all kinds1 especially those having lump-jaws1 cancers1 and running sore1 are condemned and killed by the health officers4 ,shippers will save freight by keeping such stock in the country4 ,receipts were fair on ,sunday and ,monday and the demand not being very brisk prices dropped a little4 ,the supply of choice beeves was light4 ,we quote ,choice to prime steers #f #jj #f #he ,good to choice steers #f #bj #f #ej ,fair to good shipping steers #e #ee #f #ae ,common to medium dressed beef steers #d #he #e #ej ,very common steers #e #jj #e #ej ,cows1 choice to prime #e #jj #e #ej ,cows1 common to choice #c #cj #d #ie ,cows1 inferior #b #ej #c #be ,common to prime bulls #c #be #e #ej ,stockers1 common to choice #c #gj #d #ge ,feeders1 fair to choice #d #hj #e #be ,milch cows1 per head #be #jj #fe #jj ,veal calves1 per #ajjlbs #d #jj #g #ge ,,hogs4--,all sales of hogs in this market are made subject to a shrinkage of #dj lbs for piggy sows and #hj lbs for each stag4 ,dead hogs sell at #a-a_/b;c per lb for weight of #bjj lbs and over1 and #a;c for weights of less than #bjj lbs4 ,with the exception of cripples and milch cows1 all stock is sold per #ajj lbs live weight4 ,there were about #c1jjj head more on ,sunday and ,monday than for same days last week1 the receipts reaching #aa1jjj head4 ,all but the poorest lots were readily taken at steady prices4 ,common to choice light bacon hogs were sold from #e #hj to #f #gj1 their weights averaging #aejbjf lbs4 ,rough packing lots sold at #f #bjf #ge4 and heavy packing and shipping hogs averaging #bdjcji lbs brought #f #hjg #dj4 ,skips were sold at #d #gee #ge4 ,,sheep4--,this class of stock seems to be on the increase at the yards4 ,sunday and ,monday brought hither #e1ejj head1 an increase of #b1ejj over receipts a week ago4 ,prices weakened a little4 ,sales ranged at #c #cg-a_/be #fe for common to choice1 the great bulk of the offerings consisting of ,nebraska sheep4 ,,markets ,,by ,,telegraph4 ,,new ,,york1 ,march #ag4--;,cattle--,steers sold at #fg #be per cwt1 live weight2 fat bulls #d #fje #gj2 exporters used #fj car-loads1 and paid #f #gjg #be per cwt1 live weight1 for good to choice selections2 shipments for the week1 #fgb head live cattle2 #g1cjj qrs beef2 #a1jjj carcasses mutton4 ,sheep and lambs--,receipts #g1gjj head2 making #bd1cjj head for the week2 strictly prime sheep and choice lambs sold at about the former prices1 but the market was uncommonly dull for common and even fair stock1 and a clearance was not made2 sales included ordinary to prime sheep at #ef #cg-a_/b per cwt1 but a few picked sheep reached #f #ge2 ordinary to choice yearlings #fh2 spring lambs #ch per head4 ,hogs--,receipts #g1ijj head1 making #bj1ajj for the week2 live dull and nearly nominal2 #b car-loads sold at #f #ejf #ge per #ajj pounds4 ,,st4 ,,louis1 ,march #ag4--;,cattle--,receipts #c1djj head2 shipments #a1fjj head2 wet weather and liberal receipts caused weak and irregular prices1 and some sales made lower2 export steers #f #djf #ij2 good to choice #e #gef #cj2 common to medium #d #hee #fj2 stockers and feeders #de #be2 corn-fed ,texans #ee #ge4 ,sheep--,receipts #ijj head2 shipments #hjj head2 steady2 common to medium #cd #be2 good to choice #d #eje #ej2 extra #e #gef2 ,texans #ce4 ,,kansas ,,city1 ,march #ag--;,cattle--,receipts #a1ejj head2 weak and slow2 prices unsettled2 native steers1 #a1jib to #a1ejc lbs1 #e #jee #he2 stockers and feeders #d #fje2 cows #c #gjd #ej4 ,hogs--,receipts #e1ejj head2 good steady2 mixed lower2 lots #bjj to #ejj lbs1 #f #be to #g2 mainly #f #djf #fj4 ,sheep--,receipts #c1bjj head2 steady2 natives1 #ha lbs1 #d #ce4 ,,east ,,liberty1 ,march #ag4--;,cattle--,dull and unchanged2 receipts #a1ich head2 shipments #a1dfc head4 ,hogs--,firm2 receipts #g1acj head2 shipments #d1dhe head2 ,philadelphias #g #ejg #ge2 ,yorkers #f #ejf #ij4 ,sheep--,dull and unchanged2 receipts #f1fjj head2 shipments #fjj head4 ,,cincinnati1 ,o41 ,march #ag4--;,hogs--,steady2 common and light1 #ef #ge2 packing and butchers'1 #f #beg #be2 receipts1 #a1hjj head2 shipments1 #ibj head4 ,,miscellaneous4 ,illustration of a steamer ,,sperry',s ,,agricultural ,,steamer4 ,the ,safest and ,best ,steam ,generator for cooking feed for stock1 heating water1 etc42 will heat a barrel of cold water to boiling in #cj minutes4 ,d4 ,r4 ,,sperry ,,co1 ,mfgs4 of the ,profit ,farm ,boiler4 ,caldrons1 etc41 ,batavia1 ,ill4 ,f4 ,,rettig1 ,de ,kalb1 ,ill41 breeder of ,light ,brahmas1 ,plymouth ,rocks1 ,black and ,partridge ,cochin fowls1 ,white and ,brown ,leghorns1 ,w4 ,c4 ,bl4 ,polish fowls and ,pekin ,ducks4 ,send for illustrated catalogue4 ,,musical4 ,,knabe ,,pianofortes4 ,,unequalled ,,in ,tone1 ,touch1 ,workmanship and ,durability4 ,,william ,,knabe ,,co4 ,nos4 #bjd and #bjf ,west ,baltimore ,street1 ,baltimore4 ,no4 #aab ,fifth ,avenue1 ,n4 ,y4 ,,miscellaneous4 ,,farmers ,read what a wheat-grower says of his experience with the ,saskatchawan ,,fife ,,wheat ,it is the best wheat ,i ever raised or saw4 ,i sowed one quart and got from it three bushels of beautiful wheat weighing #fc pounds to the bushel1 which took the first premium at our county fair4 ,i have been offered #ae a bushel for my seed1 but would not part with a handful of it4 ,if ,i could not get more like it1 ,i would not sell the three bushels ,i raised from the quart for #ajj4 ,,wm4 ,,steabner1 ,sorlien's ,mill1 ,yellow ,medicine ,co41 ,minn4 ,farmers1 if you want to know more of this wheat1 write to ,w4 ,j4 ,,abernethy ,,co1 ,minneapolis1 ,minn41 for their #af-page circular describing it4 ,when you write mention ,the ,prairie ,farmer4 ,,the ,,sugar ,,hand ,,book ,a ,,new ,,and ,,valuable ,,treatise ,,on ,,sugar ,,canes1 7including the ,minnesota ,early ,amber7 and their manufacture into ,syrup and ,sugar4 ,although comprised in small compass and furnished free to applicants1 it is the ,,best ,,practical ,,manual ,,on ,,sugar ,,canes that has yet been published4 ,,blymer ,,manufacturing ,,co1 ,cincinnati ,o4 ,manufacturers of ,steam ,sugar ,machinery1 ,steam ,engines1 ,victor ,cane ,mill1 ,cook ,sugar ,evaporator1 etc4 ,,farms4 ,,minnesota4 ,,dakota4 ,,less ,,than ,,railroad ,,prices1 on ,,long ,,time4 ,send for lists and prices4 ,,graves ,,vinton1 ,,st4 ,,paul1 ,,minn4 ,,by ,,mail ,,post-,,paid3 ,choice #a year ,,apple1 #e per #ajj2 #ejj1 #bj ,,root-,,grafts1 #ajj1 #a4be2 #a1jjj1 #g4 ,,strawberries1 doz41 #be;c42 #ajj1 #a4 ,,blackberries1 ,,raspberries1 ,,red ,,and ,,black1 #ej;c4 dozen2 #ajj1 #c4 ,two year ,,concord and other choice ,,grapes1 doz #a4fe4 ,,early ,,telephone1 our best early potato1 #d lbs4 #a4 ,this and other choice sorts by express or freight customer paying charges1 pk4 #ej;c41 bu4 #a4be4 ,price list free4 ,f4 ,k4 ,,phoenix ,,son1 ,delavan1 ,wis4 ,lang's ,pig ,forceps4 ,illustration of forceps ,to aid animals in giving ,birth4 #a4bj post-paid4 ,agents ,wanted4 ,for particulars address ,g4 ,j4 ,,lang4 ,malcom1 ,iowa4 ,,gossamer ,,garments ,,free4 ,to any reader of this paper who will agree to show our goods and try to influence sales among friends we will send post-paid two full size ,ladies' ,gossamer ,rubber ,waterproof ,garments as samples1 provided you cut this out and return with #be cts14 to pay cost1 postage1 etc4 ,,empire ,,mfg4 ,,co4 ,williamsburg4 ,n4 ,y4 ,valuable ,farm of #cdj acres in ,wisconsin to exchange for city property4 ,beautiful situation on bank of lake4 ,fine hunting and fishing1 suitable for ,summer resort4 #ajj rods from village and railway station4 #ajj acres under cultivation4 ,good buildings4 ,milwaukee or ,chicago property preferred4 ,k41 care of ,,lord ,,thomas4 ,,strawberries ,and other ,small fruit plants a specialty4 ,catalogues free on application4 ,address1 ,,phil4 ,,strubler1 ,naperville1 ,du ,page ,county1 ,ill4 ,,root ,,grafts #ajj1jjj ,best ,varieties for the ,northwest4 ,in lots from #a1jjj upward to suit planter1 at #aj to #ae per thousand4 ,now ready4 ,send for list4 ,j4 ,c4 ,,plumb ,,son1 ,milton1 ,wis4 ,silver ,globe ,onion ,seed4 ,send in your order for a supply of ,,genuine ,,silver ,,globe ,,onion ,,seed4 ,guaranteed pure1 at #b4ej per lb4 ,we have a sample of the ,onion at our store6 ,,watts ,,wagner #abh ,s4 ,water ,st41 ,chicago4 ,,free #dj ,extra ,large ,cards1 ,imported designs1 name on #aj cts1 #aj pks4 and #a ,lady's ,velvet ,purse or ,gent's ,pen ,knife #b blades1 for #a4 ,,acme ,,card ,,factory1 ,clintonville1 ,ct4 ,,silks ,plushes and ,brocade ,velvets for ,,crazy ,,patchwork4 ,send for #ej;c4 or #a package4 ,empire ,silk ,works1 ,clintonville1 ,ct4 #ajj ,chromo ,cards1 no #b alike1 name on1 and #b sheets ,scrap ,pictures1 #bj;c4 ,j4 ,b4 ,,husted1 ,nassau1 ,n4 ,y4 ,,the ,,biggest ,,thing ,,out ,,illustrated ,,book ,sent ,free4 7new7 ,e4 ,,nason ,,co41 #abj ,fulton ,st41 ,new ,york4 ,transcriber's ,notes3 ,italics are indicated with underscores4 ,punctuation and hyphenation were standardized4 ,missing letters within words were added1 e4g4 'wi h' and 't e' were changed to 'with' and 'the1' respectively4 ,footnote was moved to the end of the section to which it pertains4 ,duplicate words1 e4g4 'in in1' were removed4 ,substitutions3 -- for pointing hand graphic4 'per' for a graphic in the ',markets' section1 e4g4 'lambs #ch per head4' ,other corrections3 ',pagn' to ',page' 444 ,table of ,contents entry for ',entomological' ',frauk' to ',frank' 444 ,frank ,dobb's ,wives1 444 in ,table of ,contents '#aja' to '#aia' 444 '#aij-aia4' ,table of ,contents entry for ',literature' ',dolly' to ',dally' to 444 ',dilly ,dally' 444 in ,table of ,contents 'whcih' to 'which' 444 point upon which ,i beg leave 444 'pollenation' to 'pollination' 444 before pollination 444 following pollination 444 'some' to 'same' 444 lot received the same treatment 444 'two' to 'to' 444 asking me to buy him 444 'gurantee' to 'guarantee' 444 are a guarantee against them 444 ',farmr' to ',farmer' 444 ,prairie ,farmer ,county ,map 444 'or' to 'of' 444 with an ear of corn 444 '#affg' to '#ahfg' 444 tariff of #ahfg on wools 444 'earthern' to 'earthen' 444 earthen vessels 444 'of' added 444 the inside of the mould 444 'factorymen' to 'factory men' 444 ,our factory men will make 444 'hear4' missing in the original4 'heigth' to 'height' 444 eighteen inches in height1444 ',holstien' to ',holstein' 444 the famous ,holstein cow 444 'us' to 'up' 444 the skins are sewed up so as to 444 'postcript' to 'postscript' 444contain a postscript which will read 444 'whlie' to 'while' 444 cluster upon them while feeding 444 ',varities' to ',varieties' 444 ,new ,varieties of ,potatoes 444 'arrangment' to 'arrangement' 444 conclude the arrangment 444 'purfumes' to 'perfumes' 444 with certain unctuous perfumes 444 ',mr4' to ',mrs4' 444 continued ,mrs4 ,gunkettle1444 'accordi8gly' to 'accordingly' 444 a romantic eminence accordingly444 'ridicuously' to 'ridiculously' 444 was simply ridiculously miserable4 'wabbling' to 'wobbling' 444 they get to wobbling1444 'sutble' to 'subtle' 444 ,hundreds of subtle maladies 444 'weightt' to 'weight' 444 for weight of #bjj lbs 444 ',recipts' to ',receipts' 444 lambs--,receipts #g1gjj head2444