,,paul ,,gaugu9 ,8 ,life & ,art ,,by ,,john ,,g\ld ,,flet*] ,,) ,,t5 ,,illu/rations ,,ni*olas ,l4 ,,br[n ,,new ,,york ,,mcmxxi ,illu/ration3 ,self-portrait ( ,gaugu94 ,,to ,m4,t4,h4,s4 ,,:o ,,help$ ,,me ,,) ,,advice ,,& ,,criticism ,improvem5t makes /raight roads2 b ! crook$ roads )\t improvem5t are ! roads ( g5ius4 ,,william ,,blake4 ,,cont5ts ,,"p ,i3 ,,! ,,=mation #ahdi-ahhe ,,"p ,,ii3 ,,! ,,/ruggle ,,) ,,impressionism #ahhe-ahhi ,,"p ,,iii3 ,,! ,,s*ool ,,( ,,pont-,,av5 #ahhi-ahia ,,"p ,,iv3 ,,! ,,return ,,to ,,savag]y #ahia-ahie ,,"p ,v3 ,,! ,,fight ,,aga9/ ,,civilization #ahie-aijc ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations ,,self-,,portrait ,,( ,,gaugu91 ,frontispiece ,,portrait ,,( ,,gaugu9',s ,,"m ,,! ,,pa9t] ,,s*uff5eck] ,,& ,,8 ,,family ,,/ruggle ,,( ,,jacob ,,) ,,! ,,angel ,,! ,,idol ,,tahitian ,,wom5 ,,h9a ,,m>uru 7,,fea/ ,,to ,,h9a7 ,,! ,,old ,,_s ,,calv>y ,,matamua 7,,old5 ,,days7 ,,paul ,,gaugu9 ,,"p ,i3 ,,! ,,=mation #ahdi-ahhe ,ab\t ! middle ( ! la/ c5tury1 !re occurr$ 9 ,p>is a s]ies ( ev5ts :i* seem$ at ! "t likely to be ( importance to future hi/ory1 second>y only to ! days ( ! ,fr5* ,revolution4 ,y w seek ,p>is 9 va9 = any public monum5t to ^! ev5ts1 kn[n z ! ,revolution ( #ahdh4 ,only ! "n ( ! hide\sly utilit>ian ,b\lev>d ,raspail may p]haps rem9d y1 t 9 ?is ye> ,france a*iev$ ano!r "o ( ^? political failures :i* h be5 s curi\sly common 9 h] hi/ory s9ce #aghi4 ,9 ,febru>y ( t ye>1 ,k+ ,l\is ,philippe & 8 m9i/]s _h fl$ be=e ! ris+ /orm ( popul> feel+4 ,x seem$ at la/ t ! great popul> revolution ( ! work+ classes1 dream$ ( by e arti/ s9ce #aghi1 proclaim$ 9 ! ,rabelaisian c>icatures ( ,daumi]1 lat5t 9 ! tr\bl$ ,romanticism ( ! epo*1 0 at h&4 ,a provisional republic 0 =m$ & elections 7 held to ! ,national ,assembly4 ,b ! prov9ces %[$ t x matt]$ little to !m :e!r ! =m ( ,gov]nm5t 0 *ang$ or n4 ,s long z ! peasant _h 8 f>m1 8 c[1 8 money safely /[$ away 9 a /ock+1 a h>d-work+ wife1 a pipe & a glass ( w9e1 he 0 cont5t ) ?+s z !y 74 ,if ! indu/rial classes ( ,p>is 7 />v+1 t 0 n 8 affair4 ,he %>$ none ( _! fanatic ,socialism1 none ( _! dreams ( ! mill5nium4 ,he want$ to be left alone4 ,! ,national ,assembly prov$ to be ov]:elm+ly mod]ate1 & ! lead]s ( ! ,provisional ,gov]nm5t discov]$ t !y pref]r$ to /& ) ! majority r ?an to fall ) ! ,p>isian extremi/s4 ,b ! latt] 7 n to be beat5 )\t a /ruggle4 ,on ! fifte5? ( ,may1 a mob attempt$ to take ! ,assembly by /orm1 & fail$4 ,on ! eighte5?1 ,lam>t9e1 ! =m] idol ( ! ,revolution>ies1 0 hoot$ d[n :ile mak+ a conciliatory spee*4 ,! ,gov]nm5t f\nd t x mu/ ei!r provide "w & wages = ! ,p>isian unemploy$ or run ! risk ( an appeal to =ce4 ,a s*eme 0 />t$1 b x prov$ to be co/ly1 & on ! tw5ty-fir/ ( ,june ! ,gov]nm5t fac$ ab\t & ann\nc$ t x int5d$ to proce$ no fur!r ) its project4 ,?ree days lat] ! /orm broke4 ,two hundr$ & tw5ty-"o b>ricades arose z if by magic 9 ! /reets1 cr[n$ ) r$ flags & mann$ by sixty ?\s& m54 ,= ?ree days ! mob kept up a desp]ate resi/ance2 !n ! la/ b>ricade fell1 ! blood 0 wa%$ (f ! pavem5ts1 ! cause ( mod]ation & good s5se 0 re/or$4 ,!re is a poetic ju/ice 9 ! co9cid5ce ( "s ev5ts4 ,on ! sev5? ( ,june a son1 ,paul1 0 born to ,m4 & ,madame ,gaugu91 resid+ 9 ,p>is4 ,?is infant1 br\ght obscurely into ! _w to ! s\nd ( cannon1 0 de/9$ by "o ( ! ironic disp5sations ( ,nature to become lat] ! lead] ( an art-revolution z f> rea*+ & z important 9 its effects z ! great attempt ( #ahdh4 ,8 life 0 to be a con/ant /ruggle ) ! gr[+ b\rgeois civilization1 ! middle-class morality1 ( ! late n9ete5? c5tury2 8 art 0 to speak ! promise ( a r5ew$ _w1 a _w :]e man c\ld aga9 walk nak$1 una%am$ & free1 z 9 ,ed54 ,he 0 de/9$ to break b5ea? ! in]t weight ( social conv5tions & /upidities1 z ! revolution _h be5 brok5 by ! arm$ =ces at ! disposal ( ! gov]nm5t3 b 8 ideas 7 to po9t ! way to1 new conceptions ( art & ( life1 :i* only ! future c realize4 ,clovis ,paul ,gaugu91 to give ! fa!r 8 full "n1 0 a petty j\rnali/ f ,orleans4 ,he _h a po/ z collaborator on "o ( ! obscure newspap]s ( ,lib]al op9ion1 t s greatly fl\ri%$ ab\t ?is "t4 ,8 influ5ce ^u 8 son 0 slight1 z is ! case ) ! fa!rs ( mo/ arti/s4 ,x is to ,madame ,gaugu9 t we mu/ turn = an explanation ( ! "* ( h] fam\s son4 ,illu/ration3 ,portrait ( ,gaugu9's "m4 ,al9e ,m>ie ,gaugu9 0 ! daught] ( a c]ta9 ,*azal1 ( :om we "k no?+1 & ( ! !n celebrat$ ,sociali/ pamphlete] & agitator1 ,flora ,tri/an4 ,flora ,tri/an 0 born 9 #ahjc at ,lima1 ,p]u4 ,h] fa!r 0 a ,spani>d ( noble desc5t1 ,m>iano ,tri/an y ,moscoso4 ,he s]v$ z an (fic] 9 ! ,p]uvian ,army1 & probably took "p 9 ! w>s ( indep5d5ce :i* sev]$ ,p]u f ,spa91 s9ce we f9d him & 8 family lat] occupy+ positions ( dignity & afflu5ce "u ! ,republic4 ,9 #ahah he s5t 8 daught] to s*ool 9 ,p>is4 ,%e elop$ ! next ye> ) ,*azal & 0 dis[n$ by h] p>5ts4 ,aft] ! bir? ( h] *ild %e sep>at$ f h] husb& & return$ to ,p]u1 seek+ a reconciliation ) h] family4 ,b ! family _h det]m9$ to d no?+ = ! self-will$1 impulsive daught]1 & %e drift$ back to ,p>is1 :]e %e attempt$ to support h]self by writ+ pamphlets ( /rongly ,sociali/ic t5d5cies4 ,%e became a pione] ( woman's suffrage1 ( humanit>ianism1 ( ! trade-union movem5t4 ,%e t\r$ ,france mak+ spee*es4 ,9 #ahcf %e _h ! mis=tune to meet ,*azal aga9 9 ,p>is1 :o /abb$ h] 9 a fit ( jeal\sy & 0 condemn$ to tw5ty ye>s ( p5al s]vitude = ! (f5se4 ,a few ye>s lat] %e di$ 9 ,bordeaux1 & ! trade-unions1 rememb]+ h] zeal = _! cause & h] p]sonal beauty--:i* _h mov$ !m p]haps m ?an ! f]vor ( h] spee*es--subscrib$ ! sum necess>y to put up a monum5t4 ,su* 7 ! p>5ts & ! gr&-p>5ts ( ! *ild :o _h j be5 born into ! _w4 ,! tragic & viol5t union ( ,*azal & ,flora ,tri/an s]ves to expla9 ! man & ! arti/ he lat] became4 ,9 ,*azal we f9d ! s\rce ( 8 viol5ce & head/rong irritability2 9 ,flora ,tri/an we see :5ce he drew 8 love ( p]sonal & individual lib]ty1 8 hatr$ ( moral re/ra9t1 8 scorn ( ! b\rgeoisie1 8 ,spani% hauteur & /oicism4 ,half-savage ,spani% blood fl[$ 9 8 ve9s1 a mixture ( ,arab1 ,celt & ,african4 ,p]haps 9 8 ,p]uvian desc5t !re 7 ev5 o!r curr5ts--curr5ts ( t ,inca race :i* ! ,spani>ds _h subdu$ b n conqu]$4 ,:atev] else de/9y held 9 /ore = him1 x 0 c]ta9 f ! beg9n+ t ,paul ,gaugu9 c\ld nev] be :olly assimilat$ to ! intellectual ef=t ( ! frivol\s & fickle city ( ,p>is4 ,,ii ,! e>lie/ adv5tures ( ! future pa9t] comb9$ ! peculi> /r&s ( trag$y1 romance & savag]y :i* 7 to recur s (t5 9 8 lat] life4 ,9 ,decemb]1 #ahea1 ! make%ift ,republic came to an end & ,l\is ,napoleon1 by an easy c\p d'tat1 re/or$ ! ,empire4 ,clovis ,gaugu9 f\nd himself ru9$ ) ! susp5sion ( ! ,lib]al pap] = :i* he wrote4 ,!re 0 only "o hope rema9+3 t ,flora ,tri/an's relations 9 ,lima might d some?+ = ,paul & 8 si/] ,m>ie4 ,s ! family set out = ,p]u4 ,on ! way1 dur+ ! t]rible passage ?r\gh ! ,/raits ( ,magellan1 ,clovis ,gaugu9 0 seiz$ ) he>t failure & di$4 ,8 body 0 tak5 a%ore & buri$ at ,port ,fam9e1 or ,punta ,ar5as1 ! s\!rnmo/ t[n 9 ! _w1 9 ,*ile4 ,! "m & h] two orphan$ *ildr5 7 receiv$ ) k9dness by ! head ( ! family1 ,flora ,tri/an's uncle1 ,don ,pio ,tri/an y ,moscoso4 ,conc]n+ ?is p]sonage ,gaugu9 himself told _m anecdotes 9 lat] ye>s4 ,probably mo/ ( ^! 7 inexact to ! po9t ( be+ fable pure & simple4 ,we mu/ rememb] t ,gaugu9 at ?is "t 0 sc>cely f\r ye>s ( age4 ,we "k t ! family 7 weal?y nobles1 ( high social /&+1 :o liv$ 9 ! old ,ca/illian mann] ( luxury & indol5ce4 ,f su* surr\nd+s ,gaugu9 d\btless d]iv$ mu* ( ! hidalgo mann] t di/+ui%$ him ?r\gh\t life--a bl5d ( haught9ess1 res]ve & egoism1 mask+ (t5 a real %yness be=e p4 ,& "h he saw1 also = ! fir/ "t1 works ( art produc$ by a non-,european civilization3 c]amics1 jewelry1 fabrics ( ,inca orig94 ,! remembrance ( ^! specim5s ( savage1 primitive art und\bt$ly influ5c$ 8 m9d 9 lat] ye>s4 ,gaugu9's /ay 9 ,lima did n la/ long4 ,f\r ye>s lat] 8 pat]nal gr&fa!r di$ 9 ,france1 & 8 "m return$ to t c\ntry 9 ord] to obta9 h] %>e ( 8 e/ate1 :i* prov$ to be only a small sum4 ,9 lat] ye>s1 ! pa9t] believ$1 or affect$ to believe1 t if 8 "m _h rema9$ 9 ,p]u & _h neglect$ h] relations 9 ,france %e w\ld h be5 left heiress to ,don ,pio ,tri/an's prop]ty4 ,x is probable t ,gaugu9 0 "h m]ely romanc+1 z he (t5 did1 :5 desir+ to my/ify & />tle p ab\t 8 life4 ,x is an en*ant+ b fruitless speculation to wond] :at c\rse ! boy's m9d might h tak5 _h x be5 subject$ = a few m ye>s to ! influ5ce ( ,p]uvian life4 ,p]u und\bt$ly gave him a love = ! tropics1 = exotic1 out-(-!-way1 old-fa%ion$ places1 unspoil$ by ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,unconsci\sly _m ( ! traits t made 8 "* s little compreh5sible to ! ,fr5*m5 ( 8 day 7 plant$ 9 him dur+ ^! ye>s4 ,france 0 n[ to give him some?+ diff]5t4 ,he 0 to be educat$1 or r to receive :at pass$ = an education4 ,he rema9$ at a sem9>y at ,orleans till ! age ( sev5te51 hat+ 8 /udies1 becom+ m & m intractable & untea*able4 ,?is sem9>y1 z all su* in/itutions 9 ,france at ! "t1 0 conduct$ by ,jesuit prie/s4 ,9 lat] days he decl>$ t all he _h le>n$ f ! ye>s t he _h sp5t at ! sem9>y 7 a hatr$ ( hypocrisy1 false virtue & spy+4 ,& ) malici\s irony he said3 ,& ,i also le>nt !re a little ( t _s ( ,jesuit casui/ry1 :i* is a =ce n to be despis$ 9 ! /ruggle ) o!r p4 ,8 sole ambition 0 to escape1 to get to sea aga91 to make voyages to ! tropics4 ,8 "m dream$ ( plac+ him z a cadet 9 ! navy1 b he ignom9i\sly fail$ to pass ! necess>y exam9ation4 ,he 0 !re=e plac$ 9 ! m]*ant m>9e4 ,?is decision ( 8 "m he regrett$ bitt]ly to ! end ( 8 life4 ,9 #ahfe he emb>k$ abo>d ! ,luzitano1 a c>go boat1 on a voyage f ,havre to ,rio de ,janeiro4 ,8 grade abo>d ?is %ip 0 t ( a pilot's appr5tice4 ,( ?is voyage1 :i* enabl$ him to see aga9 ! tropics1 ,gaugu9 reta9$ 9 lat] ye>s important memories4 ,9 ! fragm5t>y note-books he kept 9 ,tahiti he decl>$ t x 0 dur+ ?is voyage t he he>d f ! lips ( a %ip-mate a /ory ( ! latt]'s life :5 %ip-wreck$ among ! natives ( ! ,society ,isl&s 9 ! ,pacific4 ,! remembrance ( t /ory may h influ5c$ him lat] 9 8 *oice ( ,tahiti z an ideal resid5ce4 ,at lea/ ! appe>ance ( ,rio de ,janeiro's h>bor awak5$ 9 8 m9d fre% en?usiasm = ! tropics4 ,! /ay at ,rio 0 fur!r signaliz$ by a liaison ) an actress1 ( t em95tly casual k9d :i* ,gaugu9 0 to exp]i5ce s (t5 lat] on4 ,f9ally ! return voyage br\ght ab\t ano!r liaison1 ?is "t ) a ,prussian woman1 & 9 defiance ( %ip's discipl9e4 ,x 0 c]ta9 t 8 "*--0 n ( ! sort t c\ld be fitt$ easily into ! mold ( self-re/ra9t necess>y to produce a capable naval (fic]4 ,at all ev5ts1 ! next ?+ we he> is t ,gaugu9 quitt$ ! m]*ant s]vice & enli/$ 9 ! ,fr5* ,navy z a common sailor1 9 ,febru>y1 #ahfh4 ,probably by ?is "t 8 "m _h refus$ to support him1 & he 0 =c$ into ?is position ?r\gh necessity4 ,! cruis] ,j]ome ,napoleon1 on :i* he f\nd himself1 01 to 8 *agr91 ord]$ to cruise 9 nor!rn wat]s4 ,s in/ead ( see+ ! tropics aga91 ,gaugu9's new exp]i5ces 7 only ( ! ice-b\nd ,gre5l& coa/ & ! b>r5 ,nor? ,cape4 ,?is 0 bad1 b /ill worse 0 to foll[4 ,! vessel 0 on its way to ,spitzb]g5 :5 news 0 br\ght to its capta9 t ,france _h decl>$ w> ^u ,prussia4 ,:]e are y go+8 said ! second (fic]1 see+ ! ,capta9 put ! helm ab\t4 ,to ,*>5ton1 repli$ ! indignant fir/ (fic]2 ,*>5ton be+ ! great lunatic asylum ne> ,p>is6 ,! vessel got no ne>] to ,france ?an ,cop5hag51 :5 ! melan*oly news ( ,s$an came4 ,! "n ,j]ome ,napoleon 0 pa9t$ out1 t ( ,desaix sub/itut$1 & ! un=tunate cruis] 0 oblig$ to rema9 9 ! wat]s (f ,cop5hag5 till ! close ( ! w> 9 #ahga1 cont5t+ h]self ) ! capture ( "o small %ip z prize4 ,,iii ,9 #ahga1 aft] ! cessation ( ho/ilities1 ,gaugu9 obta9$ leave1 r5ewable at ! end ( eighte5 mon?s1 to quit ! navy4 ,he 0 n[ he>tily sick ( ! sea1 because ( ! en=c$ idl5ess & we>isome discipl9e t he _h n[ endur$ abo>d ! ,desaix = ?ree ye>s4 ,besides ! opportunity ( ano!r c>e] 0 (f]+ itself & he felt t he mu/ seize x4 ,8 "m _h di$ 9 ! int]val s9ce he _h la/ se5 ,france &1 9 dy+1 _h confid$ ! c>e ( h] two *ildr5 to a well-to-d ,p>is bank]1 ,gu/ave ,arosa4 ,?is man imm$iately f\nd = ,paul a place at ,b]t9's1 a bank+ h\se ) :i* he 0 connect$4 ,& n[ !re op5$ = ! "y man a p]iod n only ! mo/ prosp]\s b 9 retrospect ! mo/ amaz+ ( 8 c>e]4 ,?\gh 8 "* _h already display$ itself to be t ( an in/9ctive nomad1 a lov] ( ! tropics & ess5tially a pagan savage1 yet x is app>5t t he n[ yield$ readily to ! entranc+ prospect ( amass+ a =tune by speculation on ! ,b\rse1 )\t tr\bl+ himself too mu* ) ! "q :e!r 8 new position might n entail heavi] responsibilities 9 ! future4 ,he _h n be5 long at ,b]t9's be=e he f\nd out h[ to make money q easily4 ,possibly ?is 0 n a v difficult ?+ to d1 = ! ,p>is /ock m>ket _h be5 utt]ly disorganiz$ by ! ev5ts ( #ahgj-ga1 &1 n[ t peace 0 sign$1 ,france 0 mak+ "o ( ^? rapid recov]ies t h be5 s common 9 h] hi/ory4 ,/ocks 7 go+ up & trade 0 boom+4 ,gaugu9 0 able to take advantage ( ^! circum/ances to su* an ext5t t 9 "o ye>1 we are told1 he made z mu* z =ty ?\s& francs4 ,9 #ahgc he m>ri$1 ?us saddl+ himself ) a responsibility he 0 nev] :olly to %ake (f4 ,8 wife1 ,mette ,sophia ,gad1 0 ! daught] ( a ,prote/ant cl]gyman ( ,cop5hag54 ,! family 0 a good "o & enjoy$ an honorable position 9 ! society ( ! ,dani% capital4 ,! daught]s _h be5 educat$ at ,p>is1 & "o ( !m _h m>ri$ a memb] ( ! ,norwegian ,p>liam5t1 :ile ano!r _h become ! fir/ wife ( ! pa9t]1 ,fritz ,?aul[4 ,:5 or :]e ,gaugu9 fir/ met 8 future bride is unc]ta91 b x 0 probably dur+ ! /ay ( ! ,desaix at ,cop5hag54 ,at any rate x seems t he 0 eag] to m>ry1 z ! c]emony 7a purely civil "o1 ow+ to 8 wife be+ a ,prote/ant7 0 delay$ ow+ to ! loss ( 8 fa!r's c]tificate ( bir? 9 ! bomb>dm5t ( ,/4 ,cl\d4 ,at ?is "t1 ?r\gh 8 wife's fri5ds & connections1 ?r\gh ,gu/ave ,arosa1 ?r\gh ,emile ,s*uff5eck]--a fell[ employee at ,b]t9's--& ?r\gh o!rs1 a new int]e/ came into 8 life4 ,he began to pa9t1 al?\gh pressure ( "w did n p]mit him to reg>d ?is fre% occupation z m ?an an amusem5t at fir/4 ,arosa 01 9 8 way1 an amateur ( art & _h collect$ a numb] ( pictures by ,fr5* arti/s ( ! day--among !m ,delacroix & ,c\rbet4 ,^! works he engrav$ 9 photogravure--an art !n 9 its infancy--& s5t copies ( ! engrav+s to 8 p]sonal fri5ds4 ,?r\gh ,s*uff5eck] ,gaugu9 0 br\ght closely into t\* ) ! ,impressioni/s1 :o 7 !n mak+ a s5sation 9 ,p>is4 ,gaugu9 b\ght bru%es & colors & began by pa9t+ on ,sundays & holidays4 ,x 0 only sl[ly t he began to look ^u pa9t+ z any?+ b a di/raction4 ,8 fir/ essays 9 art 7 purely academic4 ,he pa9t$ 9 ! prevail+ /yle ( ! ,salons & ev5 s5t "o picture to ! ,salon ( #ahgf4 ,at ! same "t he began to attempt sculpture4 ,he work$ at fir/ 9 m>ble1 a mat]ial aft]w>ds entirely reject$ 9 favor ( ! m co>sely-gra9$ surface ( wood1 clay or pa/e4 ,he lik$ a r\gh surface & c\nsel$ "y sculptors to mix s& ) ! clay 9 ord] to emphasize ?is r\ghness4 ,gaugu9's 0 a _m-sid$ & a v]satile nature4 ,8 e>ly ye>s at sea _h giv5 him mu* ( ! sailor's +5uity4 ,he _h a trem5d\s int]e/ 9 ! te*nical processes ( art4 ,dur+ 8 life he 0 able to d almo/ equally well at pa9t+1 li?ography & sculpture4 ,he also attempt$ et*+1 /a9$ glass & pott]y4 ,8 writ+s1 p>ticul>ly 8 %>e 9 ,noa ,noa1 %[ a consid]able grasp ( direct1 poetic n>rative--a gift t might v possibly h made ( him a good poet4 ,?r\gh\t 8 life we are unable to reg>d him solely z a pa9t] ( pictures2 8 influ5ce 9 op5+ new *annels = art-decoration is ev5 m important ?an 8 pictorial "w4 ,ev5 9 lit]ature 8 a*ievem5ts h a c]ta9 =ce z inspiration4 ,! problems he set himself 7 z v>i$ 9 _! way z ^? t occupi$ 8 ,engli% contempor>y1 ,william ,morris1 almo/ z v>i$ z ^? t occupi$ ,leon>do da ,v9ci4 ,he acquir$ k easily2 8 problem 0 always h[ to weigh1 sift & make use ( x4 ,b 8 gr[? to arti/ic maturity 0 sl[] ?an 9 ! case ( arti/s :o limit _! field ( ef=t1 because he attack$ _m subjects at ! same "t4 ,x may seem /range to consid] ?is _m-sid$ v]satility z a pro(1 n ( a complex1 b ( a primitive nature4 ,yet x is und\bt$ly true t 9 ! primitive /ages ( art ! arti/ is able to d almo/ ev]y?+4 ,! int]*angeability1 ! ess5tial unity ( all ! arts1 is ! /ronge/ *>act]i/ic ( art 9 its e>ly /ages4 ,z civilization & consequ5tly te*nique become m advanc$1 x gr[s m & m difficult = a man to become ma/] ( any s+le bran* ( art4 ,p]haps t is :y1 9 our mod]n indu/rializ$ /ates1 ! arts t5d to disappe>1 to become ! int]e/ & hobby ( a rapidly dim9i%+ m9ority4 ,illu/ration3 ,! pa9t] ,s*uff5eck] & 8 family4 ,all ?is 0 n suspect$ by ,gaugu9 at ! "t1 nor = ye>s aft]w>ds4 ,= ! "t he 0 cont5t to pa9t & to foll[ ! prevail+ fa%ions 9 8 pa9t+4 ,& he soon f\nd t ! prevail+ fa%ion ( ! day 9 ,p>is 0 ,impressionism4 99 99 99 99 99 ,to def9e ,impressionism x is n necess>y1 z _m pr(essional art-critics h done1 to ent] into long diss]tations z to ! supremacy ( pure colors1 nor to see 9 ,con/able or ,turn] ! ance/ry ( ! movem5t4 ,impressionism 0 nei!r m nor less ?an ! cult ( ,realism--or to speak bett]1 ,naturalism--c>ri$ out 9 pa9t+4 ,?is cult _h already possess$ 9 pa9t+ "o important precursor1 ,gu/ave ,c\rbet4 ,b x is to lit]ature1 always ! advance gu>d ( ! arts1 t we mu/ turn to und]/& :at impressionism int5d$ & :y x fail$4 ,a little be=e #ahgj1 :i* ye> m>ks a turn+ po9t n only 9 ,france's political b also 9 h] intellectual life1 !re came a *ange ov] h] lit]ature4 ,romanticism1 :i* _h />tl$ ! _w 9 #ahcj ) ,lam>t9e1 de ,musset1 de ,vigny1 ,hugo & ,balzac1 0 n[ dead4 ,! h]oic1 ! ,napoleonic1 ! ,byronic attitude _h someh[ gone out ( life4 ,"u ! ,second ,empire1 ! b\rgeois triumph$ ov] ! ,tuil]ies4 ,a few ye>s be=e ! cra% ( #ahgj1 ,*>les ,baudelaire gave to ! _w 8 ,fleurs du ,mal--! exasp]at$ cry aga9/ life ( a s\l tortur$ ) too great a s5sibility4 ,almo/ at ! same "t ,gu/ave ,flaub]t1 9 ,madame ,bov>y1 erect$ 8 monum5t ( infamy to ! memory ( ! b\rgeois4 ,^! two books op5$ ! pa? to ,naturalism1 to ! human docum5t1 to ! de ,gonc\rts1 to de ,maupassant1 & to ,zola4 ,impressionism 0 ! logical outgr[?1 9 ano!r sph]e1 ( ! "w ( ^! ,naturali/ writ]s4 ,x aboli%$ ! light+ ( ! /udio & sub/itut$ = x natural sunlight4 ,x aboli%$ ! classical subject & left ! pa9t] free to pa9t1 z ,manet said1 ,n'importe quoi4 ,?us1 on ! "o side1 x l$ directly to ! analysis ( atmosph]ic vibration1 =e%ad[$ by ,con/able & ,turn]1 b n by !m elevat$ to ! rank ( a sci5ce2 & on ! o!r side1 x l$ ) equal inevitability to ! total dep5d5ce ( ! pa9t] ^u ,nature1 & ! consequ5t atrophy ( 8 imag9ation4 ,x 01 z ,manet said aga91 ,nature se5 ?r\gh a temp]am5t4 ,aga9/ ,impressionism1 z aga9/ ,romanticism1 only "o arti/ _h d>$ to cont9ue ! tradition ( classical1 decorative pa9t+ desc5d+ f ,giotto1 ?r\gh ,raphael & ,p\ss91 to ,prud'hon & to ,+res4 ,?is 0 ! ,norman1 ,puvis de ,*avannes4 ,b ,puvis1 ?\gh ne>ly fifty1 0 /ill unkn[n1 /ill dream+ ( walls to conqu]1 /ill buri$ away f ! eyes ( ! "y m5 9 ! slumbr\s dep?s ( ! (ficial salons1 :ile ,impressionism 0 ! succs de sc&ale ( ! day4 ,gaugu9 he>d ( ,impressionism & became a dev\t foll[] ( its !ories4 ,he pa9t$ pictures 9 ! mann] ( ,camille ,piss>ro1 :o 0 a compatriot ( ,madame ,gaugu91 hav+ be5 born 9 ! ,isl& ( ,/4 ,?omas 9 ! ,antilles1 !n ,dani% t]ritory4 ,gaugu9 took "p 9 ! exhibitions ( ! ,impressioni/ gr\p 9 #ahhj & #ahha4 ,huysmans1 !n z lat] ! disciple ( ,naturalism pu%$ to its extreme limit1 prais$ a nude ( 8 because x 0 ugly4 ,gaugu9 began to be talk$ ab\t1 n only z a well-to-d amateur1 b z a com+ arti/4 ,b 8 "w at ! ,b\rse 0 exhau/+ 8 /r5g? & 8 "t4 ,al?\gh he _h n[ a wife & five *ildr5 dep5d5t on him1 ,gaugu9 9 ,janu>y1 #ahhc1 took ! ra% /ep ( quitt+ ! f9ancial _w & devot+ himself solely to art4 ,?is decision 01 z ,dr4 ,segal5 says 9 8 valuable ,preface to ! lett]s ,gaugu9 wrote f ,tahiti1 ! true turn+-po9t 9 8 c>e]4 ,:5 ,paul ,gaugu9 said to himself1 ,h5ce=w>d ,i w pa9t e day1 he 0 n only satisfy+ 8 vague & late/ p]sonal ambition & aptitude1 he 0 sett+ himself to ! fulfillm5t ( a great imp]sonal duty3 he 0 beg9n+ to cle> away ! sophi/ications n only ( 8 own nature b ( mod]n art4 ,,iv ,x is important to note t ,gaugu9 0 ?irty-five ye>s ( age :5 he came to ?is decision4 ,?is proves t ! decision 0 no ha/y "o1 ( :i* he 0 liable to rep5t lat]4 ,at su* an age a man has arriv$ at 8 intellectual maturity2 &1 :5 ?is man is a ,paul ,gaugu91 we may feel sure t he does n alt] 8 :ole mann] ( liv+ f a m]e desire = *ange4 ,gaugu9 _h some?+ to express & knew x4 ,he _h bett] "w to d ?an dabbl+ 9 /ocks & %>es4 ,& to ?is "w he 0 det]m9$ to devote himself despite all opposition4 ,b _h he n be5 in/9ctively a nomad & a savage1 ) ! desire = fre$om1 = life )\t compromise & = ! h>mony t comes only f a natural expression ( "o's deepe/ in/9cts1 ?is decision might nev] h be5 tak54 ,z a husb& & fa!r he n[ _h o!rs dep5d5t ^u him4 ,t he set aside _! claims to foll[ ! deep] call proves t1 z he lat] said1 he believ$ himself to h ! "r to d>e ev]y?+4 ,& he 0 probably at fir/ confid5t ( success1 ?9k+ an arti/ic c>e] likely to be z easy to manage z t ( a speculator4 ,madame ,gaugu9 seems to h acquiesc$ 9 ?is decision4 ,%e 0 naturally desir\s to be rank$ z ! wife ( a fam\s & successful man1 & h] husb& may well h dazzl$ h] ) ! prospects ( 8 success4 ,9 any case1 %e 0 soon de/9$ to sad disillusionm5t4 ,gaugu9 f\nd x impossible to support himself & six o!rs on ! sums he _h sav$4 ,z = 8 pictures1 !y 7 n suffici5tly well kn[n to sell4 ,x 0 necess>y1 above all ?+s1 to ga9 "t4 ,s he decid$ to sacrifice a collection ( mod]n pictures :i* he _h b\ght ) ! proce$s ( 8 c>e] on ! ,b\rse1 9 ord] to support himself4 ,! li/ ( ^! pictures is int]e/+1 z x %[s cle>ly ! direction ( 8 ta/es at ?is p]iod4 ,x includ$ a ,manet1 sev]al ,r5oirs1 "s ,claude ,monets1 two ,czannes 7/ill life & l&scape71 an e>ly ,piss>ro1 toge!r ) examples ( ,guillam91 ,sisley1 ,jongk9d1 ,lewis ,br[n &1 mo/ significant ( all1 two designs by ,daumi]4 ,:e!r x 0 t ,gaugu9 _h cont9u$ to ma9ta9 8 family 9 a /yle above 8 pres5t means & 0 !re=e n[ 9 debt1 we d n "k4 ,nor d we "k :e!r ! sale ( 8 collection realiz$ an appreciable sum or n4 ,probably ! am\nt 0 small1 = ! ,impressioni/s1 ?\gh talk$ ab\t1 _h n a*iev$ t purely comm]cial popul>ity :i* is ! mod]n sub/itute = fame4 ,9 any case1 ! pa9t] soon f\nd himself aga9 )\t res\rces4 ,he _h ignom9i\sly fail$ to c>ve out a new c>e] = himself 9 ,p>is4 ,he f\nd t he c\ld n n[ obta9 ano!r comm]cial po/ to take ! place ( ,b]t9's4 ,s x 0 ,madame ,gaugu9's turn to act4 ,%e decid$ on a removal to ,cop5hag51 :]e %e hop$ h] family w\ld use _! influ5ce 9 obta9+ a position = h] husb&4 ,once 9 ! ,dani% city1 h[ev]1 ! basic diff]5ce betwe5 husb& & wife %[$ itself 9 viol5t =m4 ,! atmosph]e ( rigid ,prote/ant piety1 9 :i* 8 wife's family liv$1 j>r$ on ! passionate s\!rn temp]am5t ( ! pa9t]4 ,he discov]$ t he hat$ ev]y?+ 9 ,d5m>k1 ! sc5]y1 ! climate1 ! prud]y & prov9ciality ( ! inhabitants1 ! lack ( ,p>isian ,bohemianism--ev]y?+ except ! cook]y ( 8 "m-9-law6 ,& he took no pa9s to conceal 8 hatr$4 ,he defiantly p]si/$ 9 ma9ta9+ 8 ,p>isian fre$om ( spee* & mann]s4 ,"o day1 walk+ on ! road t ov]looks ! bay ( ! ,sund1 he *anc$ to look d[n4 ,ea* ( ! e/ates adjo9+ ! bea* is equipp$ ) a small cab9 = ba?+4 ,x is ! cu/om !re = ! sexes to ba! sep>ately & entirely nak$4 ,gaugu9 *anc$ to /op & look d[n at ! mom5t :5 ! wife ( a ,prote/ant m9i/] 0 /epp+ into ! wat]4 ,in/ead ( go+ on1 he decid$ to indulge 8 /hetic int]e/ 9 ! nude4 ,! daught] ( ! m9i/]'s wife saw him & call$ out to h] "m to return4 ,! lady turn$ & />t$ ha/ily back to h] cab94 ,b ,gaugu9 cont9u$ 8 inspection4 ,next day !re 0 ! inevitable sc&al4 ,su* a /ate ( affairs c\ld cle>ly n cont9ue4 ,gaugu9 w\ld yield no?+ to ! prejudices ( ! ,danes1 nor w\ld 8 wife's family *ange _! ideas ( respectability to suit 8 que] notions4 ,a sep>ation betwe5 husb& & wife 0 inevitable4 ,9 #ahhe x came ab\t )1 "o may imag9e1 no great regrets on ei!r side4 ,to ! pa9t] ?is m>riage _h all along be5 a matt] ( conv5i5ce4 ,we %all h ample opportunity to obs]ve ?r\gh\t 8 c>e] t ,gaugu9 atta*$ practically no s5tim5t to ! sexual relations into :i* he ent]$ ) v>i\s wom54 ,he 0 probably m affectionate ) 8 *ildr51 p>ticul>ly ) 8 daught] ,al9e1 ?an ev] ) 8 wife4 ,x 0 n[ f> m conv5i5t = him t 8 wife %\ld rema9 ) h] relations1 :]e %e w\ld at lea/ h a ro( ov] h] head1 ?an accompany him to ,p>is1 :i!r he 0 det]m9$ to return4 ,madame ,gaugu9 agre$ ) ?is arrangem5t1 hop+ to see h] husb&1 n[ disemb>rass$ ( 8 family1 make a rapid conque/ ( ! ,p>isian art-_w4 ,& s 9 #ahhe ,paul ,gaugu9 return$ to ,france once m to try 8 =tune4 ,v ,he 0 n[ ?irty-sev5 ye>s old4 ,hi!rto ! ev5ts ( 8 life _h be5 l>gely controll$ by *ance2 f n[ on he began to /rive m consci\sly to be ! ma/] ( 8 own de/9y4 ,x is !re=e necess>y1 be=e go+ fur!r ) ?is /ory1 to take /ock ( ! man1 bo? z reg>ds 8 physical appe>ance & 8 intellectual equipm5t4 ,gaugu9 0 ( n m ?an middle height1 b /ockily built & ( /rong physical developm5t4 ,8 hair1 :i* lat] grew ?9n] & lo/ mu* ( its color+1 0 *e/nut incl9+ t[>ds r$1 & fell 9 l>ge /raggl+ masses ov] a broad b r l[ =ehead4 ,! eye-br[s 7 ar*$ & gave a skeptical appe>ance to ! eyes1 :i* 7 heavy-lidd$1 small & gray-gre5 9 color--! eyes ( "o :o has sp5t _m ye>s at sea4 ,! nose 0 l>ge1 ?ick & aquil9e4 ,a ?9 droop+ mu/a*e1 light] 9 color ?an ! hair1 hung ov] ! m\?1 ) its l>ge1 co>se lips droop+ at ! corn]s4 ,! *9 0 po9t$ & retreat+ &1 9 lat] life1 furni%$ ) a %ort tuft$ be>d simil> 9 color to ! mu/a*e4 ,aft] ,gaugu9's return f ! ,antilles 9 #ahhg x is ! te/imony ( all :o knew him t 8 sk9 _h become z bronz$ z an ,indian's1 & t he dress$ & look$ altoge!r l a sailor4 ,ev5 8 excessive devotion to tobacco1 a habit t lat] 0 s]i\sly to injure 8 heal?1 _h some?+ sailor-l 9 x4 ,gaugu9 roll$ 8 own cig>ettes 9 ! ,spani% fa%ion & smok$ commonly a %ort clay pipe4 ,8 h&s1 too1 7 n ^? ( an arti/ b ( a seaman--co>se1 squ>e & r$4 ,altoge!r he 0 9 appe>ance curi\sly ,creole2 he did n resemble a ,fr5*man ( ,france4 ,! d>k t9t ( 8 sk9 & ! =mation ( ! face & features beli$ ! color ( ! eyes & hair4 ,8 p]sonal *>act]i/ics 7 unfavorably judg$ by mo/ ( ^? ) :om he came 9 contact4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$1 h[ev]1 t he 0 by nature res]v$ & ev5 suspici\s1 z are _m p ( fundam5tal g5ius4 ,he diff]$ f ^? ab\t him 9 t he work$ by in/9ct1 :ile !y work$ accord+ to "s consci\s me?od4 ,he !re=e obta9$ out ( himself1 by means ( sl[ ?9k+ & labori\s ef=t1 ! k :i* _m h at ! beg9n+4 ,fur!r1 ! /udy & practice ( art is 9 itself s exhau/+ ( physical & emotional fibre z to leave its possessor ) little res]ve ( tact & dissimulation ) :i* to face ! _w4 ,f9ally1 ,gaugu9 0 %y1 actually & by nature %y4 ,p took ?is %yness = rud5ess & ?is res]ve = disda94 ,& ,gaugu9 0 n always unwill+ to pr(it by ?is misund]/&+4 ,he c>efully cultivat$ 8 rud5ess1 bo? to create an effect & to keep bores at a di/ance4 ,z reg>ds 8 "w1 he 0 on ! way to f9d 8 pa?1 al?\gh he nev] entirely f\nd x1 ev5 to ! end ( 8 c>e]4 ,8 v]satility prev5t$ 8 art f ev] becom+ fix$ & dead1 l t ( _m popul> & highly successful pa9t]s4 ,m5tion has already be5 made ( 8 appe>ance 9 #ahhj among ! ,impressioni/s & ( ! praise be/[$ by ,huysmans on "o ( 8 pictures = its frank realism4 ,?is v nude1 h[ev]1 %[s ,gaugu9 mass+ 8 %ad[s1 mak+ !m heavy & d>k1 :i* 0 ! direct contr>y to ,impressioni/ practice4 ,a ye> lat] we f9d ,huysmans compla9+ ( ! l[ & muddy color ( 8 pictures2 ano!r pro( t ! pa9t] 0 already try+ to mass tones1 to escape f ! division ( tones employ$ by ! ,impressioni/ gr\p4 ,we are safe 9 assum+ also t ,gaugu9 felt already an inw>d desire to pa9t nature z he _h se5 h] 9 ! tropics4 ,8 e>ly ye>s _h %[n him ! tropics2 & ! art ( ! greate/ ma/]s1 z well z ( ! wor/ daub]s1 is bas$ on ! in/9ctive k !y h obta9$ dur+ *ildhood & ! use !y h made ( x 9 lat] ye>s4 ,piss>ro1 too1 _h se5 ! tropics2 b !y _h n 9 any way influ5c$ 8 color s5se1 :i*1 inde$1 grew cold] & gray] z 8 ye>s advanc$4 ,b he may h _h some?+ to d ) ,gaugu9's incl9ation t[>ds tropical subjects1 ?\gh ! feel+ ( k9%ip ) ,nature :i* ,gaugu9 br\ght to su* subjects 0 all 8 own4 ,if ,gaugu9 _h b kn[n x1 !re wait$ = him n ! future ( fame & =tune ( :i* he dream$1 b sev5te5 ye>s ( life-&-dea? /ruggle ) actual hung] 9 a _w t gave him nei!r ! means ( liv+ nor ! slighte/ enc\ragem5t1 b only hamp]$ him 9 e way1 s t he 0 =c$ to pa9t 8 f9e/ decorative pictures on small pieces ( bo>d or canvas in/ead ( on great walls4 ,he 0 to quit 8 own c\ntry1 & to g to ! ends ( ! e>?1 only to f9d t ! sy/em ( civilization possess$ by 8 c\ntry1 :atev] its o!r advantages1 did n p]mit ( an arti/ to live & enjoy ! fruits ( 8 labor4 ,he 0 f9ally to s9k into an unm>k$ grave1 to be almo/ =gott51 & to atta9 to a comm]cial apo!osis only :5 no long] able to pr(it by x4 ,ev5 if ,gaugu9 c\ld h realiz$ ?is1 x is d\btful if he w\ld h *ang$ 8 m9d4 ,ready to d>e ev]y?+1 he /rode =w>d into ! future4 ,,"p ,,ii3 ,,! ,,/ruggle ,,) ,,impressionism #ahhe-ahhi ,i ,) ! return ( ,gaugu9 to ,p>is !re op5$ = him ! second /age ( 8 c>e]1 ! /ruggle to ma9ta9 himself on ! productions ( 8 bru% & *isel4 ,dur+ ! fir/ /age 8 "* _h be5 =m$ by ! h>d exp]i5ces ( seaf>+ & by ! comp>ative leisure & afflu5ce ( 8 epo* ( spl5dor1 dur+ :i* he f\nd "t to discuss ! pr9ciples ( art ) ! be/ expon5ts ( ! late/ ,fr5* tradition4 ,he _h n only met & talk$ ) m5 l ,manet1 ,piss>ro1 & ,czanne1 he also visit$ ! museums ( ,p>is1 & did n conf9e himself to ! ,l\vre1 b made a special /udy ( ! ,muse ,guimet ) its collection ( art works f ! f> ,ea/1 & lat] ( ! ,trocad]o1 ) its ca/s ( ,cambodian sculpture4 ,8 /ay at ,b]t9's _h be5 ( good s]vice 9 giv+ him ! m5tal equipm5t1 ! self-education necess>y to beg9 ! /ruggle = arti/ic indep5d5ce4 ,yet 9 8 case we "k f> less ( :at pass$ 9 8 m9d dur+ ^! important ye>s ( developm5t ?an 9 ! case ( mo/ ( 8 contempor>ies4 ,he 0 ! sort ( man to be awake to ev]y?+ new 9 art t 0 go+ on1 says "o :o knew him 9 ?is p]iod1 b n to ackn[l$ge indebt$ness to any?+ or anybody4 ,:at he absorb$ 0 by in/9ct2 & in/9ct caution$ him n to %>e 8 k ) p :o might fail to make good use ( x4 ,amid ! noisy *att] ( ,p>isian art-circles he pass$ sil5t & unnot$4 ,he r5t$ a /udio & began to busy himself ) all sorts ( exp]im5tal projects1 p>ticul>ly ) sculpture4 ,b v %ortly 8 resolution & "* 7 fur!r te/$ by ! new exp]i5ce ( hung]4 ,= a "t he suff]$ extreme privation4 ,he 0 =c$ at la/ to accept a sal>y ( ?ree francs fifty c5times a day = pa/+ adv]tisem5ts on ! walls ( ! ,g>e du ,nord 9 ord] to save himself f />vation4 ,i h kn[n1 he wrote 9 a small notebook d$icat$ to 8 daught] ,al9e1 extreme mis]y1 t is to say hung] & ev]y?+ t foll[s ^u hung]4 ,x is no?+1 or almo/ no?+4 ,"o gr[s accu/om$ to x &1 ) w-p[]1 "o c end by laugh+ at x4 ,b :at is t]rible is to be prev5t$ f work+1 f develop+ "o's intellectual faculties4 ,x is true t suff]+ %>p5s "o's ability4 ,b x is necess>y n to suff] too mu* or suff]+ w kill y4 ,) a great deal ( pride ,i h end$ by hav+ a great deal ( en]gy1 & ,i h =c$ myself to be full ( w-p[]4 ,is pride a fault1 or mu/ "o develop "o's pride8 ,i believe pride mu/ be develop$4 ,x is ! be/ weapon we h aga9/ ! human animal t is 9 u4 ,?is quotation gives u ! man entirely4 ,he 0 "o ( ^? :o are n to be beat51 "o ( ^? :o d n turn back4 ,he 0 to g =w>d & to ma9ta9 himself :ile seek+ a pa?4 ,9 #ahhf he contribut$ no less ?an n9ete5 pictures to an exhibition ( ! ,impressioni/ gr\p1 toge!r ) a relief 9 wood1 :i* seems to =e%ad[ ! lat] creator ( ,la ,gu]re et la ,paix4 ,mo/ ( ^! e>ly works ( ,gaugu9 seem to h disappe>$4 ,v few c recall see+ "o4 ,x is !re=e int]e/+ to read ! foll[+ appreciation by ,felix ,f5on1 :i* %[s t ,gaugu9 0 already travel+ f> f ! =mulas t satisfi$ ! o!r impressioni/s3-- ,! tones ( ,m4 ,paul ,gaugu9's pictures are v little sep>at$ f ea* o!r2 because ( ?is1 !re is 9 8 "w a dull h>mony4 ,d5se trees rise f ! f]tile soil1 abundant & humid1 invade ! frame1 pursue ! sky4 ,! air is heavy4 ,bricks se5 betwe5 ! trunks indicate a ne>by h\se2 ?+s are ly+ ab\t1 muzzles are scatt]$ 9 ! ?icket--c[s4 ,^! r$s ( ro(s & ( cattle ! arti/ con/antly opposes to 8 gre5s & reflects !m aga9 9 ! wat]s1 encumb]$ ) long grasses1 :i* run betwe5 ! tree-trunks4 ,?is %[s cle>ly t ,gaugu9 0 treat+ l&scape at ?is p]iod already z a syn!sis1 a decorative :ole & n1 l ,manet1 ,piss>ro or ! ,divisioni/s1 z an ex]cise 9 ! analysis ( atmosph]ic vibration4 ,z = ! relief on wood1 ,f5on writes3 ,on ! pe>-tree wood1 :i* we regret to see left 9 mono*rome1 a nak$ woman /&s out 9 half relief1 h] h& to h] hair1 seat$ rectangul>ly 9 a l&scape4 ,?is is ! only numb] ( sculpture4 ,no?+ 9 pa9t$ wood1 9 glass-pa/e1 9 wax4 ,p>is ) h] art-!ories _h no?+ n[ to tea* ,gaugu94 ,he mu/ f9d 8 own way1 create 8 own tradition4 ,alo( alike f ! !ories ( ! ,impressioni/s & f ^? ( _! successors1 ! ,po9tilli/s--!ories ( ! disassociation ( tones & ( ! analytic dis9tegration ( light1 bas$ on ! sci5tific treatises ( ,*evreuil & ,helmholtz--he 0 pa9fully t5d+ back to ! old decorative tradition t a picture mu/ be an unit1 ! h>moni\s expression ( a s+le emotion4 ,hung] prov$ aga9 ! be/ fri5d ( ! indep5d5t arti/4 ,he fl$ f ,p>is & s\ght refuge 9 ! c\ntry4 ,,ii ,! place ( refuge :i* ,gaugu9 f\nd 0 ! village ( ,pont-,av5 9 ! di/rict ( ,f9i/re 9 ,brittany4 ,!re is no d\bt t ?is *os5 spot & its surr\nd+s _h ^u 8 art an influ5ce only second>y to t ex]cis$ lat] by ,tahiti4 ,inde$ ! *>m ( ,tahiti itself 0 sl[ to efface ?is influ5ce4 ,! ,celtic fr+e ( ,europe--,cornwall1 ! ,highl&s ( ,scotl&1 ,irel&1 ,wales1 ,brittany1 ,galicia--pres5ts ev]y:]e a great simil>ity 9 natural feature & 9 ! "* ( its inhabitants4 ,! ,celt is an outca/4 ,driv5 backw>d by successive waves ( civilization & conque/1 he has f9ally occupi$ ^? l&s :i* 7 s unpr(itable to 8 conqu]ors t he 0 able to rema9 9 !m undi/urb$4 ,long resid5ce 9 ^! desolate places has made ( him a natural my/ic1 a cons]vative4 ,p]haps he might nev] h be5 any?+ else _h n ! n9ete5? c5tury--) its railroads & ! life-we>9ess ( its cultivat$ classes--made ( him a curiosity4 ,! hordes ( t\ri/s1 ( bad arti/s1 ( deal]s 9 j\rnalese1 :o rave ab\t ,brittany1 ,cornwall1 or ,irel& z picturesque summ]-resorts1 %[ t civilization has obta9$ its rev5ge on ! savage :o pref]s to rema9 a savage4 ,paul ,gaugu9 did n assur$ly g to ,brittany to discov] ! picturesque4 ,_h he done s 8 pa9t+ w\ld h rank$ no high] ?an ! pa9t+ ( ,*>les ,cottet or ( ,luci5 ,simon4 ,8 real home z an arti/1 z he 0 lat] to discov]1 lay else:]e--"u less tr\bl$ skies1 9 ! mid/ ( m tropical vegetation4 ,b ! gloom1 ! melan*oly in]tia1 ! my/ic fai?1 ! simplicity ( ?is l& ( w9d-mills1 small trees1 granite coa/s & m5hirs1 work$ /rongly on ! yet untam$ primitive 9 him4 ,/rong] /ill p]haps 0 ! appeal ( ! sea1 ! mo/ re/less & yet ! mo/ *angeless elem5t 9 nature4 ,gaugu9 0 9 appe>ance1 z 9 mann]s1 a sailor--! eye1 ! direct curt spee*1 ! res]v$ disda91 ! fre$om ( mann]s1 all ^! 9 him _h be5 acc5tuat$ by 8 e>ly exp]i5ces4 ,9 ,brittany he f\nd ! sea2 he f\nd an unspoil$ p2 he f\nd1 above all1 repose f ! ev]la/+ *att] ( art-!ories t1 l ! bubbl+ ( endless bottles ( too light *ampagne1 fro!d et]nally 9 ! cafs ( ,p>is4 ,brittany gave him great] fai? 9 himself2 ,brittany began to dispel ! n9ete5? c5tury skepticism t 0 sl[ly /ifl+ him4 ,illu/ration3 ,/ruggle ( ,jacob ) ! ,angel4 ,8 fir/ /ay 9 ,pont-,av5 0 de/9$ to be %ort4 ,x is *iefly rem>kable = ! fact t "h he 0 visit$ by ,emile ,b]n>d1 !n only ab\t sev5te5 ye>s ( age1 ^: relations ) ,gaugu9 & o!r pa9t]s af=d matt] = s mu* controv]sy t !y mu/ be exam9$ 9 detail4 ,b]n>d 0 ! type ( infant ph5om5on t spr+s up1 mu%room-l1 9 an ov]heat$ atmosph]e ( arti/ic & lit]>y controv]sy4 ,at ! age ( sixte5 he 0 writ+ viol5tly naturali/ic & extremely bad poetry4 ,he next w5t 9 = pa9t+1 rac$ (f to ,brittany to see ,gaugu91 0 receiv$ ) coolness1 ran back to ,p>is4 ,"h he f\nd ,van ,gogh fre% f ,holl& &1 :5 ,van ,gogh 9 turn w5t to ,arles1 became 8 mo/ indu/ri\s correspond5t4 ,lat] he he>d t ! crazy old h]mit1 ,paul ,czanne1 0 liv+ at ,aix--s (f to ,aix w5t ,b]n>d4 ,m lett]s 7 ! outcome ( ! visit4 ,mean:ile he progress$ 9 pa9t+ f a divisioni/ & neo-impressioni/ te*nique to a facile imitation ( ,gaugu9's ,breton /yle1 !n to a comb9ation ( ,czanne & ,gaugu91 to conclude ) pa9t+ ( ,ori5tal subjects 9 a /yle n s v f> remov$ f t ( ,g]ome4 ,he imitat$ ev]yone 9 turn1 only to end by becom+ t drab eclectic ?+--:at ! ,fr5* call a pompi] or we an ,academician4 ,?us he ju/ifi$ ,gaugu9's s>donic prophecy t ,b]n>d w\ld end up some?+ l ,b5jam9 ,con/ant6 ,we owe ,b]n>d a debt 9 t he has pres]v$ = u ! beautiful lett]s :i* ,van ,gogh wrote to him1 &--m preci\s debt--t he has giv5 u ^? r>e talks & lett]s 9 :i* t old /oic ,czanne reveal$ a glimpse ( 8 agony4 ,b we owe ,b]n>d no?+ 9 t he has se5 fit to defame ! art & "* ( ! man ^: /yle he 0 ! fir/ to copy--,paul ,gaugu94 ,b ( ?is m lat]4 ,,iii ,! w9t] ( #ahhf f\nd ,gaugu9 aga9 9 ,p>is4 ,"h he met ano!r arti/ ^: life 0 de/9$ to h ^u 8 an influ5ce q diff]5t f t ( ,emile ,b]n>d4 ,?is 0 ,v9c5t ,van ,gogh1 newly arriv$ f ,holl&4 ,gaugu9 has left on record 9 a piece ( prose call$ ,les ,crevettes ,roses 8 fir/ impression ( ,van ,gogh1 :i* proves beyond dispute t ,gaugu9 lov$ ,van ,gogh & admir$ him1 despite 8 habitual res]ve & ! haughty disda9 ) :i* he 0 already look+ ^u all ?+s ,european4 ,at ?is "t ,gaugu9 0 /ill pa9fully seek+1 /ill pati5tly & labori\sly /ruggl+ t[>ds 8 own self-realization4 ,van ,gogh1 al?\gh five ye>s y\ng]1 _h fully realiz$ himself 9 ess5ce--01 9 fact1 realiz$ f ! beg9n+4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 !m 0 t ,van ,gogh 0 an humble ,dut* peasant1 ) ! my/ic bl5d ( religion & animality :i* is common to ,flemi% & ,dut* arti/s 7= example1 ,breughel1 ,rub5s or ,v]ha]571 :ile ,gaugu9 0 a ,spani>d1 h>d & ari/ocratic1 b corrupt$ by cosmopolitan influ5ces & ! /ra9 ( ,fr5* blood4 ,= ,van ,gogh ! future only held ! lib]at+ spiritual wor%ip ( ! sun1 :i* 0 to raise 8 art to its highe/ pit* ( lyric ec/acy & to de/roy ! bra9 t _h creat$ x4 ,= ,gaugu9 ! future held a long & /oic /ruggle ) ! ironic de/9y t left him half-an-,european to ! end1 8 "w only a brok5 fragm5t ( :at he _h dream$4 ,x is a pity1 9 a way1 t ^! m5 ev] met4 ,b _! meet+ & ! drama :i* 0 play$ out lat] betwe5 !m1 _h 9 x ! inevitable quality ( ,greek trag$y4 ,= ! mom5t _! meet+ 0 )\t result1 except t p]haps x woke ,gaugu9 to a realization t to be a great arti/ "o mu/ love life z well z love art4 ,9 %ort1 "o mu/ be religi\s4 ,b :]e 0 ,gaugu9 to f9d 8 religion8 ,c]ta9ly n 9 ,p>is1 ! capital ( intellectual skepticism4 ,nor1 = ! mom5t1 9 sleepy & m\rnful ,brittany4 ,! memories ( 8 e>ly initiation into ! spl5dors ( ! tropics awoke 9 him & he und]took1 9 #ahhg1 a voyage to ! ,m>t9ique 9 company ) a "y pa9t]1 ,*>les ,laval4 ,!re is no d\bt t ?is j\rney completely reveal$ to ,gaugu9 8 own primitivism1 al?\gh x left him = ! "t an invalid1 ?reat5$ ) dys5t]y1 suff]+ f con/ant inte/9al pa9s1 & al?\gh x br\ght ,laval to ! br9k ( ! grave4 ,if ! read] wi%es to "k some?+ ( :at ,m>t9ique 0 at ?is "t1 he %\ld turn to ,lafcadio ,he>n's ,two ,ye>s 9 ! ,fr5* ,we/ ,indies4 ,he>n1 l ,gaugu91 0 a disillusioniz$ cosmopolite1 disgu/$ ) ! banal artifice1 ! blatant comm]cialism1 ! p$antic & ,puritanic hypocrisy ( our ,occid5tal civilization4 ,l ,gaugu91 ,he>n f\nd 9 ! ,we/ ,indies a revelation ( a _w :i* _h n lo/ t\* ) ,nature--a _w ( m5 :o 7 cont5t to rema91 9 ,nature's eyes1 some?+ z ephem]al & z h>moni\s z ! trees1 ! fl[]s1 ! bea/s among :i* !y liv$4 ,l ,gaugu9 aga91 ,he>n 0 ne>ly de/roy$ by ?is vision1 b yet kept fai? ) x to ! la/4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,idol4 ,9 ! pictures :i* ,gaugu9 produc$ dur+ 8 /ay 9 ,m>t9ique1 we f9d ! fir/ rude indications ( 8 lat] mann]--! mann] ( a my/ic poet :o sees all life1 ! life ( man1 ( vegetation1 ( ! e>? & ! sea1 z be+ p>allel1 h>moni\s manife/ations ( ! same ,div9e pres5ce & !re=e ess5tially 9 unity ) ea* o!r4 ,if ,gaugu9 did n realize himself 9 ,m>t9ique1 he at lea/ f\nd himself on ! road to realization4 ,b ! un*eck$ p[] ( ! sun1 /eadily sapp+ n only ! :ite race1 b also ! race ( mix$ blood1 ) :i* he1 l ,he>n1 felt s mu* sympa?y1 bani%$ him f ?is ,ed5 at ! same "t z x gave him a h9t = ! future4 ,8 heal? dem&$ a return to ,france4 ,he came back1 br++ ) him pictures--exp]im5tal1 t5tative ef=ts to reconcile ! gl[ & gloom ( ! tropics ) ,piss>ro's analysis ( pal] nor!rn sunlight4 ,he br\ght back also ! g]m ( ?\s&s ( o!r pictures :i* he1 z yet1 c\ld n pa9t4 ,he br\ght back ) him an idea4 ,,iv ,aft] see+ ! ,antilles & return+ to ,p>is1 ,gaugu9 0 aga9 br\ght face to face ) ! problem aga9/ :i* he _h already /ruggl$--! problem ( 8 pov]ty4 ,he _h obta9$ at ,m>t9ique ! vision ( a new _w ( art1 :i* he knew he 0 "s day de/9$ to realize4 ,b = ! pres5t he _h nei!r lodg+ & /udio1 nor res\rces ( any k9d4 ,he 0 =c$ to live on *>ity4 ,*>ity came to him 9 ! %ape ( ,emile ,s*uff5eck]1 :o _h also giv5 up f9ance = a c>e] z arti/4 ,s*uff5eck] 0 n a g5ius1 b he knew ability :5 he saw x1 & op5$ 8 doors freely to ?is ne$y colleague4 ,x is a pity t ,gaugu9 repaid ?is g5]\s hospitality ( a fri5d by insult+ ,s*uff5eck] z an arti/4 ,gaugu9's relations ) 8 fri5ds are among/ ! mo/ pa9ful episodes ( 8 life4 ,"o is almo/ incl9$ to ?9k ) ,emile ,b]n>d t ! basis ( ,gaugu9's "* 0 a deep-seat$ egoism1 or1 ) ,mei]-,graefe1 t ,gaugu9 0 no?+ b a great *ild4 ,nei!r ( ^! views is1 h[ev]1 :olly correct4 ,gaugu9 0 ! son1 be x rememb]$1 ( a radical j\rnali/ & ! gr&son ( a ,sociali/ pamphlete]4 ,j\rnalism 9 ,france is n ! same ?+ z 9 ,engl&4 ,!re is sc>cely any polite j\rnalism 9 ,france4 ,gaugu9 himself 0 always talk+1 accord+ to ,b]n>d1 ( art & life ne$+ ! bl[ ( ! fi/4 ,paul ,dr\lde1 ,edmond ,drumont1 ,h5ri ,ro*e=t1 ,octave ,mirbeau1 ,zola1 ,clem5ceau1 & o!r celebrat$ j\rnali/s ( ! ,dreyfus p]iod 7! heyday ( ,fr5* j\rnalism7 knew q well :at ?is bl[ ( ! fi/ meant1 & practic$ x ^u e opportunity4 ,moreov]1 ,gaugu9 0 ne>ly =ty1 _h knock$ ab\t ! _w a great deal1 bang+ himself aga9/ _m %>p corn]s 9 ! process1 & 0 face to face ) want4 ,x is also possible t he felt b\nd1 = ! sake ( 8 wife & *ildr51 to make z mu* money z possible4 ,f9ally1 he believ$ 9 himself z an arti/1 if no "o else did4 ,! _w _h well hamm]$ into him ! h>d lesson t "o mu/ ei!r hold a high op9ion ( oneself or become an object ( contempt4 ,z he put x himself1 ,is x necess>y to be mode/1 or1 9 o!r words1 an imbecile8 ,s he accept$ ! use ( ,s*uff5eck]'s /udio1 sold z _m ( 8 own pictures z he c\ld1 & sne]$ l\dly at ,s*uff5eck]'s attempt to pa9t4 ,lat] on we f9d him accept+ simil>ly ,van ,gogh's hospitality1 irritat+ ,van ,gogh to ! pit* ( madness1 &--aft] ,van ,gogh's dea?--s5d+ to ,b]n>d & seek+ to oppose ! propos$ exhibition ( ,van ,gogh's pictures on ! gr\nd t ,van ,gogh 0 only a madman4 ,& lat] /ill1 :5 ,van ,gogh's reputation began to rise 9 public e/eem1 ,gaugu9 decl>$ t ,van ,gogh _h le>n$ f him & _h call$ him ma/]4 ,su* traits are deplorable1 if we consid] ,gaugu9 z an ord9>y man4 ,b if we treat g5ius z ord9>y humanity & insi/ ^u x con=m+ 9 e p>ticul> to ord9>y /&>ds1 x is q c]ta9 t we w nev] h any g5ius wor?y ( ! "n4 ,gaugu9 s9n$ 9 good company1 ) ,mi*aelangelo :o ?\ght ,raphael _h plott$ aga9/ him1 & ) ,b]lioz :o has left on record 8 op9ion ( ,wagn]'s music4 ,to und]/& ,gaugu9 "o mu/ %>e to "s ext5t ! op9ion ( ,flaub]t--:i*1 incid5tally1 ,br[n+ almo/ endorses--t ! man is no?+1 ! "w is all4 ,x is n easy to read betwe5 ! l9es ( ,gaugu9's self-impos$ res]ve & self-det]m9$ resolve to %ock ! b\rgeoisie4 ,if we attempt to d s1 we f9d a man s set ^u 8 own pa? t he 0 almo/ )\t fri5ds4 ,van ,gogh he lov$ )\t und]/&+4 ,daniel de ,monfreid he p]haps lov$ & und]/ood4 ,! %ad[y figure ( ,tehura1 a figure p]haps idealiz$1 0 to be ! only woman :o greatly mov$ him4 ,puvis de ,*avannes1 an arti/ to :om ,gaugu9 ow$ mu*1 simil>ly held himself alo( f all4 ,s did ,degas & ,+res1 two o!r arti/s ( ,gaugu9's /amp4 ,s 9 anci5t ,greece did ,sophocles4 ,! truly /rong spirits ( ?is _w are n ^? :o exi/ solely on ! surface ( ?+s4 ,"o c only sympa?ize ) !m1 %>e _! imag9+s ?r\gh long & pati5t /udy4 ,gaugu9 0 n altoge!r /rong2 on "s sides he 0 weak1 z he himself admitt$4 ,b 8 "w increas$ 9 vitality & 9 /r5g? z 8 aim became m cle>4 ,s*uff5eck]'s /udio 0 useful to him2 he /ay$ 9 ,p>is j long en\gh to sell z _m pictures z he c\ld & to copy ,manet's ,olympia1 a picture he greatly admir$4 ,!n once m he took ! road to ,brittany4 ,v ,despite ! fact t ,gaugu9 _h1 be=e leav+ ,p>is1 held 8 fir/ "o-man %[ & _h actually sold a few pictures1 8 g5]al situation 0 n improv$4 ,he 0 n[ heavily 9 debt1 & 8 heal?1 und]m9$ at ,m>t9ique1 rema9$ bad4 ,he 0 at an age at :i* mo/ m5 f9d !mselves oblig$ to take /ock ( ! pa/ & to calculate _! *ances = ! future4 ,9 ,gaugu9's case ! *ances 7 v small4 ,he 0 cru%$ by 8 own impot5ce to realize ! art he _h dream$4 ,x 0 at ?is juncture t ,v9c5t ,van ,gogh1 n[ at ,aries1 came =w>d & (f]$ him a lodg+1 despite ! fact t he himself c\ld n sell 8 own pictures & 0 entirely dep5d5t on ! self-sacrific+ ef=ts ( 8 bro!r ,!odore4 ,= a "t ,gaugu9 did n respond to ,van ,gogh's g5]\s (f] to %>e _! =tunes 9 common4 ,b he s5t 8 own portrait to ,v9c5t1 a gloomy1 p[]ful piece ( pa9t+ :i*1 9 ! op9ion ( "s1 s />tl+ly resembles ,rob]t ,l\is ,/ev5son--l ,gaugu9 a w&]]1 b ) :at a diff]5ce6 ,to ,v9c5t ?is portrait sugge/$ a prison]1 ) its yell[ fle% & deep blue %ad[s4 ,he 0 m ?an ev] det]m9$ to draw ,gaugu9 out ( ! sl\gh ( despond into :i* he 0 fall+1 & to "w toge!r ) him = ! bett] e/abli%m5t ( bo? _! reputations4 ,"o c only admire ,van ,gogh = ?is decision4 ,an arti/ ( a *ildlike simplicity ( s\l1 a comb9ation ( ,don ,quixote1 ! ,good ,sam>itan & t ,jesus ( ,naz>e? :om he lov$1 ,van ,gogh 0 ev5 great] z a man ?an z an arti/4 ,b ,gaugu9 01 z he knew himself lat]1 great] z an arti/ ?an z a man4 ,x 0 natural = him to accept ! invitation ( a man :om he knew1 aft] all1 v slightly1 because he saw 9 ?is acceptance possible advantages to himself4 ,van ,gogh's en?usiasm 0 un=tunately n back$1 z 0 ,gaugu9's1 by a /rong res]ve ( n]v\s /r5g?4 ,8 0 "o ( ^? s\ls ^: long+ = spiritual reality foll[$ inevitably ! my/ic pa? trac$ by ,william ,blake3-- ,i w g d[n to self-annihilation & to et]nal dea? ,le/ ! ,la/ ,judgm5t come & f9d me unannihilate1 ,& ,i be seiz'd & giv5 into ! h&s ( my own selfhood4 ,gaugu9's pa? t5d$ to a diff]5t goal & foll[$ ! way =ese5 by ,:itman3-- ,o1 to /ruggle aga9/ odds1 to meet enemies undaunt$6 ,to be entirely alone ) !m1 to f9d h[ mu* "o c /& ,to look /rife1 torture1 prison1 popul> odium face to face1 ,to m\nt ! scaffold1 to advance to ! muzzles ( guns ) p]fect non*alance1 ,to be inde$ a ,god6 ,van ,gogh 0 a lyric pa9t]4 ,8 desire 0 to lose himself 9 ! ec/acy ( ! div9e4 ,gaugu9 0 a n>rative1 an epic pa9t]4 ,8 aim 0 to gr[ to div9e /ature ?r\gh self-realization4 ,:at c\ld !re be 9 common betwe5 ! f]v5t admir] ( ,rembr&t1 ,delacroix1 ,monticelli1 ,ziem1 & ! brood+1 pati5t workman :o 0 build+ up 8 art on ! classic tradition ( ,+res1 ,czanne & ,degas8 ,surely ev5 less ?an betwe5 ,mi*aelangelo & ,t9toretto4 ,a drama betwe5 ^! m5 0 inevitable4 ,x 0 n sl[ 9 decl>+ itself4#a ,( :at actually occurr$ we h only ,gaugu9's acc\nt1 ( h[ ,van ,gogh fir/ attack$ him1 & !n /rove to take 8 own life4 ,van ,gogh1 ^u ^: %att]$ n]v\s organism ! %ock _h sp5t itself1 w5t volunt>ily into a lunatic asylum at ,arles1 :]e1 z 8 grip on life grew weak] "u ! pressure ( ! inn] flame t dev\r$ him1 he pa9t$ visions ( worlds tortur$ by ! sun4 ,gaugu9 return$ to ,brittany1 z he said1 arm$ aga9/ all suff]+4 ,b he _h se5 some?+4 ,9 /riv+ to pa9t ,van ,gogh's portrait he _h se5 a vision1 once aga9 to quote 8 own words1 ( ,jesus prea*+ goodness & humility4 ,& p]haps1 9 ,v9c5t's h\r ( agony1 :ile he lay bloodless & inanimate on ! b$ 9 t little room :i* he _h lov$ & _h pa9t$ s lov+ly1 ,gaugu9 _h ano!r vision--( ! sombre ,g>d5 ( ,ge?semane4 ,?us maybe !re 0 awak5$ /ill m cle>ly 9 8 _s t desire = h>mony betwe5 ! fle% & ! s\l1 betwe5 nature & ,god1 betwe5 ! e>? & ! />s t hang ov] ! e>?1 :i* he 0 to seek desp]ately to ! la/ & /rive to realize1 despite ! bas5ess ( t o!r "p 9 him1 ! civiliz$1 unprimitive "p1 :i* /rove m]ely to de/roy ! h>mony & to smile at its "w ( bas5ess4 ,footnote #a3 ,gaugu9 & ,van ,gogh 7 actually toge!r f ! #bj? ,octob] to ! #bc;d ,decemb]1 #ahhh4 ,,"p ,,iii3 ,,! ,,s*ool ,,( ,,pont-,,av5 #ahhi-ahia ,i ,9 #ahhi !re op5$ 9 ,p>is on ! ,*amp-de-,m>s ! ,univ]sal ,exposition1 to celebrate ! c5t5nial ( ! tak+ ( ! ,ba/ile4 ,( ?is exhibition & ( ! palace built to h\se x1 no?+ n[ rema9s except ! melan*oly ,eiffel ,t[]4 ,! pictures admitt$ to ! exhibition 71 r naturally1 ( a k9d sanction$ by academic (ficialdom4 ,:]e=e visitors :o happ5$ to patronize ! ,caf ,volp9i ne> ! entrance 7 d\btless />tl$ to f9d ^u ! walls a hundr$ pictures ( a k9d calculat$ to %ock all _! susceptibilities 9 art matt]s4 ,_! p]plexity _c h be5 greatly less5$ by ! receipt ( a catalogue be>+ ?is title3 ,catalogue ( ! ,exposition ( ,pictures ( ! ,impressioni/ & ,syn!tici/ ,gr\p1 held on ! ,premises ( ,m4 ,volp9i1 at ! ,*amp-de-,m>s1 #ahhi4 ,! exhibitors 7 p ( :om ! respectable patrons ( ! ,caf ,volp9i _h = ! mo/ "p nev] he>d4 ,_! names 73--,e4 ,s*uff5eck]1 ,emile ,b]n>d1 ,*>les ,laval1 ,l\is ,anquet91 ,l\is ,roy1 ,lon ,fau*1 ,georges ,daniel1 ,ludovic ,nemo 7a pseudonym ( ,b]n>d's7 & la/ly1 ,paul ,gaugu94 ,li?ographs1 pr9t$ 9 black ^u yell[ pap] & n less extraord9>y ?an ! pictures1 7 also visible ^u reque/4 ,^! 7 by ,b]n>d & ,gaugu94 ,! result ( ?is exhibition 0 t ! public laugh$1 ! pap]s prote/$1 ! "y /ud5ts ( art 9 ! v>i\s ateli]s ( ,p>is 7 /imulat$ to furi\s discussion4 ,b a few spirits1 m v5turesome or m prophetic1 took ! tr\ble to te/ ! new ideas4 ,a few1 *ief among !m ,srusi] ( ! ,acadmie ,julian1 ev5 set out to visit ! bir?place ( ! new movem5t1 a lonely inn kept by a family ( ! "n ( ,gloanec at ,le ,poldu1 a %ort di/ance f ,pont-,av54 ,a brief survey ( ! hi/ory ( ,syn!ticism is necess>y to an und]/&+ ( ! !ories ( ! new s*ool4 ,"h we ent] ^u debatable gr\nd4 ,x has already be5 said t ! *ief oppon5ts ( ! academicism ( ,cabanel & ,b\g]eau 7 ! ,impressioni/s4 ,_! movem5t 0 already ?r\gh its second phase & ent]+ ^u its ?ird4 ,! e>lie/ ( ! ,impressioni/s1 l$ by ,manet1 insi/$ t a picture 0 only nature se5 ?r\gh a temp]am5t2 9 o!r words1 t a picture mu/ be naturali/ic4 ,?is doctr9e f\nd p>allel lit]>y expression 9 ! writ+s ( ! de ,gonc\rts1 de ,maupassant & ,zola4 ,! fir/ phase 9 ,impressionism 0 !re=e syn!tic & ma9ta9$ a belief 9 =m4 ,x 0 succe$$ by an analytical phase1 bas$ ^u ! application to color ( ! sci5tific !ories ( light1 ( ,rood1 ,*evreuil & ,helmholtz4 ,to ,claude ,monet1 ! f\nd] ( ?is new s*ool ( ,impressionism1 no?+ matt]$ 9 a picture b ! atmosph]e4 ,=m 0 ab&on$4 ,aft] ,monet1 ,r5oir1 ,piss>ro1 ,sisley1 ,guillam91 a new gr\p1 ( :om ! *ief 7 ,seurat & ,signac1 attempt$ to comb9e ! t5ets ( _! two sets ( pr$ecessors4 ,!y reta9$ =mal composition b broke up color into m9ute po9ts or dots4 ,?is ?ird g5]ation ( ,impressioni/s 7 orig9ally t]m$ ,neo-,impressioni/s b n[1 m frequ5tly1 ,po9tilli/s4 ,?ree arti/s /ood out aga9/ ! t5d5cy t[>ds sci5tific !ory4 ,puvis de ,*avannes _h1 )9 ! v prec9cts ( ! (ficial salon1 creat$ an art bas$ on some?+ :olly di/9ct1 alike f ! photographic & frigid eclecticism ( ,cabanel & ,b\g]eau & f ! "w ( bo? ,manet & ,monet4 ,puvis 0 a decorator :o c\ld ?9k & pa9t only 9 t]ms ( walls4 ,he _h a*iev$1 aft] a long /ruggle1 a decorative syn!sis ( 8 own1 bas$ ^u ! ru?less simplification ( masses1 cont\rs & color+4 ,res]v$1 cold1 solit>y1 he _h empti$ 8 art ( all rhetorical emphasis & 9 8 old age 0 t5d+ clos] & clos] to ! me?ods ( ,giotto1 t fa!r ( all ,european pa9t+4 ,paul ,czanne1 ! h]mit ( ,aix1 _h fac$ ! problem ( pa9t+ ) ! ,impressioni/ palette :ile pres]v+ ! mass /ructure ( 8 true spiritual ance/ors--! ,v5etians & ,el ,greco4 ,z a result he 0 ?\ght to be mad & ev5 consid]$ by "s to be a my?1 = he liv$ f> f ,p>is & _h = long en\gh s5t no pictures to be exhibit$4 ,f9ally1 ,degas1 associat+ himself ) ! ,impressioni/s at ! outset1 _h be5 c>eful to pres]ve ! classic l9e & composition ( ,+res1 :o might be call$ ! la/ ( ,flor5t9es4 ,degas 0 consid]$ an arti/ ( small importance because1 unlike ,manet1 he scorn$ to give himself airs4 ,he liv$ a retir$ life 9 ,p>is1 & did n exhibit4 ,^! ?ree m5--,puvis de ,*avannes1 ,czanne & ,degas--_h1 ?r\gh _! own inn] necessity1 become syn!tici/s4 ,b no "o ( !m prea*$ ,syn!ticism1 because _! adh]5ce to ! cre$ 0 unconsci\s4 ,! doctr9e 0 fir/ voic$ by ! m5 :o exhibit$ ) ,paul ,gaugu9 at ! ,caf ,volp9i 9 #ahhi1 :o liv$ & work$ ) him at ! ,gloanec inn1 ne> ,pont-,av54 ,x 0 f ^! m5 t ! reaction aga9/ ,impressionism />t$1 a reaction :i*1 9 its turn1 0 de/9$ to provoke ano!r reaction t[>ds ! !ories ( ma!matical & analytical ab/raction ( l9e1 color & =m1 :i* we "k z ,cubism1 ,futurism & ,vorticism4 ,x 0 ^! m5 surr\nd+ ,gaugu91 :o =g$ ! la/ liv+ l9k 9 ! *a9 ( art tradition :i* goes back ?r\gh ,giotto & ,cimabue to ! ,byzant9e mosaics1 &1 ?r\gh ^!1 to ! fir/ essays 9 art ( cave-m5 & savages4 ,) ,cubism1 ,futurism & ,vorticism we may be witness+ ! beg9n+ ( a new tradition4 ,) ,gaugu9 & 8 fell[s we see ! r5aissance ( an old "o4 ,,ii ,z e>ly z #ahhf1 9 an article 9 ! ,revue ,indp5dante1 ! well-kn[n critic ,edu>d ,duj>d9 _h spok5 ( a gr\p call+ !mselves ! ,cloissoni/s1 :o pa9t$ 9 flat pat*es ( tone1 divid$ f ea* o!r by black l9es4 ,cloissonism1 z ! "n indicates1 0 borr[$ f ! ,japanese4 ,b z a me?od ( pa9t+1 x _h be5 d]iv$ less f cloisonn enamel ?an f ! te*nique ( ! ,japanese color-pr9t arti/s4 ,! arti/ic gods ( ! ,cloissoni/s 7 ,hokusai1 ,hiro%ige1 ,utam>o4 ,x may be rememb]$ t s9ce #ahfe m5 l ,zola1 ,manet1 ,monet1 ,:i/l]1 ! de ,gonc\rts--9 %ort ! entire g5]ation ( ! naturali/s--_h collect$ ^! color pr9ts1 writt5 ab\t !m1 talk$ ab\t !m4 ,gaugu9 himself1 :5 he return$ to ,p>is at ! close ( ?is ye> #ahhi1 p9n$ a frieze ( ,hokusai & ,utam>o pr9ts r\nd ! walls ( 8 /udio4 ,b ! exi/5ce ( ?is some:at b>oque & exotic s*ool ( ,cloissonism1 ( :i* ! lead] 0 ,anquet9 7lat] rank$ ) ! ,syn!tici/s71 does n fully expla9 ! use ( ,syn!ticism ) its great] insi/5ce ^u decorative unity1 & its cle>] aff9ities to ! "w ( ! ,italian primitives4 ,z to ! orig9 ( ,syn!ticism we h div]g5t /atem5ts f contempor>y witnesses4 ,! ,engli% arti/1 ,a4,s4 ,h>trick1 :o 0 /udy+ 9 ,p>is f #ahhf to #ahhi & :o knew p]sonally bo? ,gaugu9 & ,van ,gogh1 ascribes ! ,syn!tic !ory to ,gaugu9 9 ^! t]ms3-- ,f a /udy ( ?irte5? c5tury glass he 7,gaugu97 got an idea ( design & color :i* exactly suit$ 8 /ate ( developm5t1 & he !n proce$$ to translate x into an art ( 8 own1 us+ oil pa9t z a vehicle4#a ,( simil> op9ion is ! well kn[n ,fr5* arti/ & writ]1 ,maurice ,d5is1 ^: "w has done s mu* to popul>ise ,gaugu94 ,he decl>es 9 8 book ,!ories1#b t ,gaugu9 0 ! inconte/able orig9ator & ma/] ( ! new movem5t1 to :i* he gives two names3 ,neo-,traditionism & ,symbolism4 ,9 ! fir/ acc\nt :i* he wrote ( ! movem5t 9 #ahij1 an acc\nt obta9$ f ! lips ( ,paul ,srusi]1 "o ( ! e>lie/ ( ,gaugu9's disciples aft] #ahhi1 ,d5is includes ! foll[+ int]e/+ p>agraph3 ,did n ,paul ,gaugu9 orig9ate ?is +5i\s & unpubli%$ hi/ory ( model+8 ,at ! beg9n+ !re 0 ! pure arabesque1 z little deceptive ( ! eye z possible2 a wall is empty2 cov] x ) symmetrical spots ( =m1 h>moni\s 9 color3--/a9$ glass1 ,egyptian pictures1 ,byzant9e mosaics4 ,f ?is comes ! pa9t$ bas-relief3--metopes ( ! ,greek temple1 ! *ur* ( ! ,middle ,ages4 ,!n ! attempt to atta9 to ! ornam5tal deception ( ! eye practis$ 9 ,antiquity is resum$ 9 ! fifte5? c5tury by ! ,italian primitives1 :o replace ! pa9t$ bas-relief by pa9t+s model$ to imitate bas-relief1 b 9 o!r respects pres]ve ! fir/ idea ( decorative unity4 ,recall also "u :at conditions ,mi*aelangelo1 a sculptor1 decorat$ ! ,si/9e ceil+4 ,p]fection ( ?is model+2 model+ 9 high-relief4 ,?is leads f ! fir/ academy ( ! ,c>ac*i to our decad5ce4 ,emile ,b]n>d holds a contr>y op9ion4 ,8 view 0 orig9ally publi%$ 9 ! ,m]cure de ,france & reass]t$ 9 8 preface to ! lett]s writt5 to him by ,van ,gogh4#c ,b]n>d1 :o revolt$ f ! ,ateli] ,cormon ) ,anquet91 _h1 z we h se51 be5 repuls$ by ,gaugu9 9 9 #ahhf4 ,aft] a brief return to ,p>is he w5t (f to ,sa9t-,briac1 :]e he cov]$ ! walls ( ! inn ) frescoes & pa9t$ ! w9d[s1 9 imitation ( /a9$-glass1 employ+ ess5ce ( turp5t9e z a m$ium4 ,9 #ahhh1 be=e ,gaugu9 came to ,arles1 ,b]n>d 0 br\ght into contact ) him aga9 ?r\gh ! m$iation ( ,!odore ,van ,gogh &1 al?\gh "y en\gh to be ,gaugu9's son 7be+ ab\t tw5ty at ?is "t71 %>$ ) him ! honors ( ! ,volp9i exhibition4 ,b]n>d claims t he1 & he alone1 inv5t$ ,syn!ticism1 & bases 8 claim on ! evid5ce ( ! pictures 7all dat$7 :i* ,gaugu9 pa9t$ previ\s to #ahhh1 & 9 :i* ,gaugu9 0 /ill def9itely ,impressioni/ 9 te*nique4 ,he ma9ta9s t ,gaugu9 abruptly *ang$ 8 /yle aft] ! second meet+ 9 #ahhh1 :5 he fir/ saw :at 8 y\ng] rival _h be5 do+4 ,fur!rmore1 ,b]n>d cont5ds t ?is /yle 0 solely bas$ ^u ! application ( ,czanne's discov]ies 9 te*nique4 ,aga9/ ^! cont5tions !re are ?ree objections to be made4 ,9 ! fir/ place x is kn[n t ,gaugu91 dur+ 8 /ay 9 ,m>t9ique 9 #ahhg1 pa9t$ pictures t are und5iably essays 9 syn!ticism4 ,m>t9ique %[$ ,gaugu9 ! impossibility ( pa9t+ tropic sunlight by means ( ! ,impressioni/ic division ( tones4 ,always purely intuitive z an arti/1 ,gaugu9 began to realize at ,m>t9ique1 h[ev] vaguely1 t "o _c reproduce ! natural decomposition ( light by ! artificial decomposition ( color attempt$ by ,piss>ro & ! o!r ,impressioni/s4 ,he !re=e s\ght to translate sunlight into color by simplify+ & exagg]at+ ! contra/ ( colors4 ,9 ! second place1 ,b]n>d's argum5t leaves unexpla9$ :y x 0 n he1 b ,gaugu91 :o aft] #ahhh pa9t$ ^? magnific5t pictures ,le ,*ri/ ,jaune1 ,le ,*ri/ ,v]t & ,la ,vision aprs le ,s]mon#d & c>v$ ! two sup]b bas-reliefs ,soyez ,am\reuses et v\s s]ez ,heureuses & ,soyez ,my/rieuses4 ,moreov]1 ! c>eful read] ( ,van ,gogh's lett]s to 8 bro!r w f9d t ?r\gh\t '#hh & '#hi ,b]n>d /ood 9 relation to ,gaugu9 z a pupil to a ma/]4 ,f9ally1 ev5 if ,b]n>d's cont5tion be p>tially true & if 8 own essays did induce ,gaugu9 to reject ! la/ ve/iges ( ,impressionism1 8 /ory fails to acc\nt = ! ma/]ly grasp ( ,syn!tic ,symbolism %[n by ,gaugu9 imm$iately aft] _! second meet+4 ,x is q impossible to trace to ,czanne's essays 9 ,syn!tic ,impressionism ! m sev]ely l9e> & decorative design ( ei!r ,b]n>d or ,gaugu94 ,czanne1 lat] on1 ev5 w5t s f> z to ass]t t ,gaugu9 _h misund]/ood him4 ,!re=e x is cle> t ! op9ions ( ,a4,s4 ,h>trick & ( ,maurice ,d5is bett] fit ! facts4 ,gaugu9 0 ! sole orig9ator ( ! ,syn!tic /yle4 ,t /yle 0 d]iv$1 p]haps ma9ly1 f ! c>eful /udy ( ?irte5? c5tury glass1 :i* does p]fectly :at ,gaugu9 wi%$ to d3 translate ! effect ( sunlight into lum9\s color4 ,b x 0 also d]iv$ f ,egyptian pa9t+1 ,byzant9e mosaics & ! ,kakemonos ( ! ,japanese4 ,9 %ort1 x 0 z complete a rejection ( ,impressionism z possible & a return to ! l9e> arabesque & decorative spac+ ( balanc$ color & =m practic$ by ! primitives ( all times & pres]v$1 9 ! n9ete5? c5tury1 9 ! works ( arti/s :om ,gaugu9 admir$3 ,+res1 ,puvis de ,*avannes1 ,czanne & ,degas4 ,footnote #a3 ,po/-,impressionism1 by ,a4,s4 ,h>trick4 ,impr9t1 ,may1 #aiac4 ,footnote #b3 ,p>is1 l',occid5t1 #aiab4 ,footnote #c3 ,p>is1 ,voll>d1 #aiaa4 ,footnote #d3 ,n[ kn[n z ,la ,lutte de ,jacob avec l',ange4 ,,iii ,! exhibition at ! ,caf ,volp9i br\ght notoriety to ,gaugu94 ,v>i\s "y arti/s1 we>y+ ( ! academic receipt = art--! phrase is ,gaugu9's--:i* !y 7 be+ taught 9 ! ateli]s ( ,p>is1 took ! road = ,pont-,av54 ,among ^! 7 ,paul ,srusi]1 ,*amaill>d1 & ! ,dut*man1 ,de ,haahn4 ,act+ "u ! influ5ce ( ^!1 & especially "u t ( ,srusi]1 ^: m9d 0 metaphysical & fill$ ) ,neo-,platonic my/icism1 ,gaugu9 attempt$ to become ! tea*] ( a def9ite doctr9e4 ,hi!rto he _h be5 an arti/ ( ! type ( ,+res1 work+ purely intuitively1 ) "o eye ^u tradition & ano!r ^u nature4 ,b 8 new pupils 7 eag] = a !ory1 a =mula1 & a =mula ?is hat] ( ! dogmatic attempt$ to create4 ,arti/s are s+ul>ly unhappy 9 _! attempts to expla9 !mselves4 ,:i/l] is n ! only example ( an arti/ :o might h be5 great] _h he n wa/$ s mu* "t 9 controv]sy4 ,! public always takes too lit]ally ! ef=ts ( an arti/ to analyze 8 own me?ods4 ,all art is a syn!sis1 & no arti/ c be at ! same "t syn!tic & analytical4 ,gaugu9 0 no exception to ?is rule4 ,take = example1 8 (t5-quot$ /atem5t ab\t ! use ( prim>y colors3-- ,always use colors ( ! same orig94 ,indigo is ! be/ basis4 ,x becomes yell[ 9 saltpet]1 r$ 9 v9eg>4 ,y c obta9 x at any *emi/'s4 ,keep to ^! ?ree colors4 ,gaugu9 himself did n foll[ ?is precept4 ,an exam9ation ( 8 palette %[s t x 0 arrang$ ?us1 f left to "r3 --ultram>9e1 silv] :ite1 em]ald gre51 v]onese gre51 yell[ o*re1 burnt si5na1 yell[ *rome1 v]milion1 & crimson lake4 ,no arti/ ne$s to be told t _m ( ^! colors are dang]\sly fugitive1 :e!r us$ pure or 9 mixture4 ,s ) ano!r celebrat$ say+3 ,seek h>mony & n contra/1 ! agreem5t & n--! cla% ( color4 ,?is say+ n only goes contr>y to ! previ\sly quot$ rem>k on ! use ( prim>y colors1 b is oppos$ to ^? equally fam\s dicta3 ,does t trunk ( a tree seem to y blue8 ,pa9t x z blue z possible1 &1 ,a mile ( gre51 is m gre5 ?an half a mile4 ,x is !re=e m valuable to summ>ize ! ma9 l9es ( ,gaugu9's tea*+ ?an to quote ?is or t p>adoxical rem>k4 ,gaugu9 0 n a man hold+ a high-s*ool debate on !ory1 b a creator4 ,he refus$ ev5 to be call$ a decorator1 he pref]r$ ! title ( artisan4 ,he decl>$ outright t he _h no te*nique4 ,or p]haps ,i h "o1 b v vagabond1 v ela/ic1 accord+ to ! way ,i feel :5 ,i awak5 9 ! morn+1 a te*nique :i* ,i apply to my own lik+ 9 ord] to express my ?\ght1 )\t tak+ acc\nt ( ! tru? ( ,nature1 ext]nally app>5t4 ,p ?9k n[adays t all ! te*nical means ( pa9t+ are exhau/$4 ,i d n believe x1 if ,i am to judge by ! num]\s obs]vations :i* ,i h made & put into practice4444 ,pa9t]s h /ill mu* to discov]4 ,gaugu9 !re=e boldly call$ 8 pupils an>*i/s & left to !m ?is rem>k3 ,d :at y please1 s long z x is intellig5t4 ,?is did n prev5t him f hav+ a great respect = art tradition4 ,he knew t tradition is n a recipe = mak+ art1 b ! sum-total ( collective human intellig5ce work+ 9 ! pa/ on ! same problems t face ! arti/s ( to-day4 ,he realiz$ t ! ess5tial sub/ance ( art is always ! same4 ,art is an et]nal r5ewal ( ?is sub/ance4 ,! arti/ is n born ( a s+le unity4 ,if he adds a new l9k to ! *a9 already begun1 x is mu*4 ,! arti/ is kn[n by ! quality ( 8 transposition4 ,! transposition t he himself /rove = may be cle>ly read 9 8 pictures4 ,he /rove incessantly = a r5ewal ( ! decorative art ( ! great ,v5etians1 by bl5d+ ! ,v5etian gl[ ( color ) ! calm l9e ( ,primitive & especially ( ,egyptian ,primitive design4 ,8 problem 0 ess5tially ! same z t ( ,puvis de ,*avannes1 ! problem ( h[ to cov] a flat wall space ) design & color s z to leave x /ill ess5tially a wall & n1 z ,v]onese & ,tiepolo left x1 an optically deceptive piece ( /age-sc5]y4 ,puvis _h solv$ ! problem by ! artificial means ( l[]+ 8 scale ( colors & by simplify+ 8 draw+4 ,gaugu9 solv$ 8 by ! elim9ation ( model+1 & ( graduations ( tone1 & by r$uc+ 8 draw+ to ! /ronge/ possible arabesque ( outl9e4 ,9 ev]y?+ he s\ght = ! ess5tial =m1 ! =m t conta9s all ! o!r iness5tial =ms4 ,z ,srusi] puts x3 ,! syn!tic !ory ( art consi/s 9 r$uc+ all =m to ! smalle/ possible numb] ( compon5t =ms3--/raight l9es1 arcs ( a circle1 a few angles1 arcs ( an ellipse4 ,& to express ?is =m he s\ght = ! mo/ h>moni\s balance ( color4 ,maurice ,d5is says3--,recall t a picture1 be=e be+ a w>-horse1 a nude or "s anecdote1 is ess5tially a flat surface cov]$ ) colors arrang$ 9 a c]ta9 ord]4 ,illu/ration3 ,tahitian ,wom54 ,!re=e & above all1 ,gaugu9 told 8 pupils n to draw f ! model1 b f memory4 ,he admitt$ t x 0 useful = "y pa9t]s to h a model1 z all k ( facts c\ld only be obta9$ f ! /udy ( models4 ,b he add$ t x 0 bett] to draw a curta9 be=e ! model :ile pa9t+ x4 ,"o ( 8 pupils decl>$3 ,we w5t into ! c\ntry to pa9t seascapes & to ! sea%ore to d l&scapes4 ,gaugu9's tea*+ 9 ?is respect exactly agrees ) ! me?ods practic$ = c5turies by ! great ,*9ese & ,japanese pa9t]s4 ,he w\ld h enjoy$ t /ory ( a ,*9ese pa9t]1 :o 0 s5t out by ! ,emp]or to pa9t ! mo/ celebrat$ l&scape views 9 ! ,empire1 & :o return$ )\t hav+ pa9t$ any?+4 ,:5 ! ,emp]or ask$ him3 ,b :]e are y\r pictures8 he repli$3 ,i h !m "h--& po9t$ to 8 =ehead4 ,gaugu91 ) 8 hatr$ ( copy+ ei!r f nature or f ! ma/]s ( ! pa/1 w\ld also h appreciat$ ! ,*9ese idea ( a copy--a free re>rangem5t ( old mat]ial accord+ to "o's temp]am5t4 ,la/ly1 he c\nsel$ 8 pupils n to pa9t movem5t b repose4 ,let ev]y?+ y d brea! peace & calm ( s\l4 ,avoid all animat$ attitudes4 ,ea* ( y\r figures %\ld be p]fectly /atic4 ,give ev]y?+ a cle> outl9e4 ,?is c\nsel s\nds /range to e>s deaf5$ by ! tumult ( mod]n life & by ! clamor\s !ories ( ,cubi/s1 ,futuri/s & ,vortici/s4 ,b to ,gaugu9 x 0 ! basis ( 8 own my/ical religion4 ,he gave x to ! _w1 h[ev]1 n = ?is reason1 b because he realiz$ t pa9t+ to be decorative mu/ be ar*itectural4 ,he himself 0 a build]1 an artisan4 ,9 ,brittany he pa9t$ ! walls & w9d[s ( ! inn :]e he liv$2 he made furniture1 c>v$ & ornam5t$ a pair ( wood5 sabots = himself1 work$ at bas-reliefs1 decorat$ pott]y4 ,movem5t1 re/lessness1 w\ld h b tr\bl$ ! l9es ( t ideal build+1 :i*1 ev5 !n1 he 0 erect+ 9 8 dreams4 ,su* 0 ! doctr9e ( ,paul ,gaugu94 ,x may seem /range t su* ideas c\ld h ev] be5 consid]$ revolution>y4 ,9 ! ,f> ,ea/ at all ev5ts1 !y _h be5 ! commonplaces ( art = c5turies4 ,revolution>y or n1 ,gaugu9 w5t on 8 way undi/urb$4 ,f an exam9ation ( 8 lett]s1 & ( ! /atem5ts ( ^? :o knew him1 ! fact em]g$ t ?is an>*i/ pres]v$ ?r\gh\t 8 life a great respect = arti/s ( ! pa/4 ,rembr&t especially1 9 8 my/ical & vision>y phase1 appeal$ to him & ,rembr&t's influ5ce may be trac$ 9 m ?an "o ( ,gaugu9's ,tahitian pictures4 ,velazquez1 ,rub5s1 ,pr\dhon1 ,corot1 ,:i/l]--,gaugu9 0 able to le>n some?+ f all ^! m5 z well z f ,meml+ & ,holbe94 ,z = 8 pupils1 ! measure ( ! intellig5ce !y display$ 9 foll[+ 8 precepts may be judg$ by ! fact t ,gaugu9 rem>k$ ab\t "o ( !m3 ,8 faults are n suffici5tly acc5tuat$ = him to be consid]$ a ma/]1 & by ! fact t ! fir/ syn!tic picture ( ano!r 01 accord+ to ,maurice ,d5is1 pa9t$ on ! lid ( a cig> box6 ,,iv ,x is 9 ! works ( ?is p]iod t we mu/ seek = a solution ( ,gaugu9's my/ic doctr9e & = an explanation ( ! /ruggle t w5t on 9 8 s\l3 a /ruggle t 0 solv$ f9ally by 8 d5ial ( civilization & affirmation ( pagan savag]y at ,tahiti4 ,gaugu91 z has be5 se51 0 n naturally b only delib]ately a tea*] ( o!rs4 ,especially 9 8 intimate & p]sonal conc]ns1 he commonly gu>d$ an air ( defiant res]ve4 ,9 ! matt] ( views on art1 he cont5t$ himself ) ! expression ( dogmatic & p>adoxical op9ions :i*1 if disput$1 7 m]ely affirm$ ) great] viol5ce4 ,x is relat$ ( him t1 if any "o p]si/$ 9 hold+ an op9ion contr>y to 8 own1 ,gaugu9 w\ld reply only by an oblique glance f ^? cold gray eyes an answ] t usually r$uc$ ! speak] to an emb>rass$ sil5ce4 ,nev]!less1 we owe to ! =tunate pres]vation ( v>i\s fragm5t>y notes1 made 9 ! solitude ( 8 la/ desp]ate ye>s1 indications ( :at ,gaugu9's religi\s & political op9ions 74 ,"h are "s ( !m3-- ,if ,i gaze be=e me into space1 ,i h a vague s5se ( ! ,inf9ite2 nev]!less ,i am ! conclusion ( some?+ t has be5 begun4 ,i und]/& !n1 t !re has be5 a beg9n+ & t !re w be no end4 ,9 ?is ,i d n possess ! explanation ( a my/]y1 b m]ely ! my/]i\s s5se ( ?is my/]y--& ?is s5sation is intimately l9k$ to ! belief 9 an et]nal life1 promis$ by ,jesus4 ,b !n1 if we 9 ourselves are n ! beg9n+ :5 we come into ! _w1 x is necess>y to believe1 ) ! ,buddhi/s1 t we h always exi/$4 ,a *ange ( sk94 ,all ?is is v /range4 ,! unfa?omable my/]y rema9s :at x has always be5 & :at x is1 unfa?omable4 ,god does n belong to ! s*ol>1 ! logician4 ,he belongs to ! poets1 to _! dreams4 ,he is ! symbol ( ,beauty1 ,beauty itself4 ,f ^! & o!r jott+s we c und]/& :at 0 pass+ 9 ,gaugu9's m9d :5 he pa9t$ ! pictures3 ,le ,*ri/ ,jaune & ,le ,*ri/ au ,j>d9 d',olivi]s2 :5 he c>v$ ! contra/$ bas-reliefs3 ,soyez ,am\reuses & ,soyez ,my/rieuses2 :5 he drew ! li?ographs3 ,la ,cigale et les ,f\rmis1 & ,lda :i* be>s ! defiant inscription ,honi soit qui mal y p5se4 ,gaugu9 0 a my/ic :o s\ght in/9ctively = religi\s illum9ation1 n 9 ! sy/ems ( philosoph]s & !ologians1 b 9 nature & 9 man4 ,among ! high] types ( civiliz$ man he saw only a false sy/em ( morality1 politics & religion1 :i* elevat$ ! weal?y above ! level ( ! re/ ( humanity & =bade to ! ?9k]1 ! arti/1 ! indep5d5t workman1 ! v "r to live4 ,aga9/ ! organiz$ mat]ialism ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 he recogniz$ 9 ,jesus ,*ri/ a revolt & a prote/2 b a revolt & a prote/ t _h fail$4 ,humanity _h n yet produc$1 save by exception1 ! high] type ( man1 ! man capable ( sell+ all & giv+ to ! poor1 ! man *os5 to ent] ! ,k+dom ( ,heav54 ,a t]rible epo*1 he =esaw1 0 com+ 9 ,europe = ! next g5]ation3 an epo* :]e ! tyranny ( money w\ld de/roy mank9d4 ,!re=e1 9 contemplat+ ,*ri/1 he 0 mov$ by a s5se ( despair1 ( ! futility ( ?is sacrifice4 ,8 attitude to ,*ri/ianity became purely ,prote/ant4 ,across 8 pictures !re moves no graci\s %ad[ ( ! b5efic5t ,virg91 %>+ ) humanity ! joys & sorr[s ( mat]nity4 ,9 ,le ,*ri/ ,jaune he gives u ! symbol ( a fai? :i* has prov$ impot5t to elevate mank9d to its level4 ,le ,*ri/ au ,j>d9 d',olivi]s e*oes ! awful cry1 ,my ,god1 my ,god1 :y ha/ ?\ =sak5 me8 ,! t]rible little picture1 ,les ,misres ,huma9es sums up 9 its two figures ! despair & hypocrisy ( our vaunt$ civilization4 ,ev5 ! lat] ,tahitian ,bir? ( ,*ri/ r5d]s no?+ b ! physical angui% & exhau/ion ( mat]nity4 ,9 ! ,ia ,orana ,m>ia1 or ! ,salutation to ,m>y1 ! ,virg9 is repres5t$ m]ely z a happy human "m4 ,nature1 on ! o!r h&1 se5 by him luxuriant & unfett]$1 z at ,m>t9ique1 taught him ! uselessness ( revolt1 /ruggle & ef=t1 ! ne$ ( fatalism1 ( resignation4 ,he grew to believe t man 0 bett]1 m rational1 m h>moni\s :5 no long] /ruggl+ aga9/ ! inexorable laws ( bir?1 begett+1 & dea?4 ,?us 9 8 art he aim$ at repose1 ! quietism ( ! ,buddhi/s4 ,8 k ( ,buddhism 0 n deep--inde$ 9 8 eyes1 ,buddhism1 too1 0 a va9 revolt aga9/ nature--b 8 respect = ,buddhi/ic doctr9e rema9$ great] ?an 8 respect = ,*ri/ianity4 ,at ! bottom ( 8 s\l !re dwelt an old1 old ?\ght1 ! ess5ce ( all paganism3 ,eat1 dr9k & be m]ry1 = to-morr[ we may die4 ,z he put x lat] 9 ! pages ( 8 ,tahitian recital3-- ,to ! eyes ( ,taga?a 7! ,god7 ! mo/ spl5did glories ( k+s & _! m9i/]s are b du/ & spittle3 ,to 8 eyes1 purity & impurity are l ! dance ( ! six s]p5ts3 ,to 8 eyes1 ! se>* = ! ,way ( ,buddha is l ! com+ ( fl[]s4 ,x is only by m$itat+ long on ?is disillusion$ my/icism ( a man :o 0 nev] m ?an half an ,european1 t we are able to und]/& h[ ! same m9d c\ld h conceiv$ ! exasp]at$ s5suality ( ! bas-relief1 ,soyez ,am\reuses et v\s s]ez ,heureuses & ! somb] despair ( ,le ,*ri/ au ,j>d9 d',olivi]s4 ,t m9d1 z we h se51 0 nei!r :olly ,*ri/ian or ,pagan--?\gh ! untam$ ,pagan elem5t 9 x 0 de/9$ sl[ly to get ! bett] ( ! m ref9$ ,*ri/ian side4 ,!re=e x is useless to ask ourselves :e!r ,gaugu9 z an arti/1 display$ m ( ! ,classic tradition ?an ( ! ,go?ic4 ,go?ic z well z ,classical /ra9s rema9$ m+l$ 9 him up to ! la/4 ,?r\gh\t 8 "w !re runs a long+--obscure1 torm5t$1 & ultimately foil$--= a natural religion3 a religion t w\ld reconcile man ) nature 9 "o h>mony1 a religion1 :i*1 l ! re/ ( 8 /riv+1 w\ld be a syn!sis4 ,v ,by ! end ( ! ye> #ahhi1 ,gaugu9's "n _h acquir$ a c]ta9 r5[n1 & he naturally gravitat$ back to ,p>is4 ,be+ h[ev] /ill )\t res\rces1 he took resid5ce once m ) ,emile ,s*uff5eck]4 ,at t p]iod1 ! lit]>y & arti/ic s*ool :i* _h produc$ naturalism & impressionism 0 gr[+ rapidly old-fa%ion$4 ,p>is 0 on ! v]ge ( h] /hetic n9eties4 ,a small gr\p ( writ]s1 *ief ( :om 7 ,v]la9e1 ,mall>m1 & ,huysmans1 _h proclaim$ a sort ( revolt aga9/ ! n9ete5? c5tury1 & _h be51 9 consequ5ce ( _! love = ! remote pa/1 at fir/ labell$ ,decad5ts4 ,?is title 0 soon ab&on$ = ! bett] designation ( ,symboli/s4 ,gaugu9 appe>$ to ! small] fry ( ,symbolism z a sort ( h]o4 ,"h 0 a man ^: revolt 0 some?+ n fictiti\s4 ,he _h def9itely brok5 away f 8 own comm]cial surr\nd+s4 ,he _h defiantly ruptur$ 8 own family ties4 ,he _h aboli%$ ,impressioni/ sci5ce & _h s\ght to re/ore art to its primitive condition1 reveal+ 9 ! process ! inexhau/ible /r5g? & vitality ( peasant & popul> art4 ,8 appe>ance among/ !m1 9 a sailor's j]sey1 a sailor cap1 sailor's tr\s]s1 & c>v$ wood5 %oes1 excit$ a s5sation4 ,he became to ! facile cr[d ( h]o-wor%ip]s & hang]s-on1 a sort ( symbol4 ,"s critics h /at$ t ,gaugu9's head 0 turn$ by ?is adulation1 b 9 reality1 "u a new v5e] ( affectation1 he rema9$ :at he _h always be54 ,no man 0 less fitt$ = liv+ 9 ! mid/ ( cultivat$ society ?an he4 ,= a "t1 dur+ t /range epo* ( 8 f9ancial c>e]1 he _h inde$ become1 to outw>d seem+1 l>gely an ,european2 b ?is 0 m]ely on ! surface & _h completely vani%$ 9 ! c\rse ( 8 lat] vagabondage4 ,an inv9cible %yness & indisposition to reveal himself to o!rs 7 9 him1 mask$ by an appe>ance ( sull5 res]ve & disc\rtesy4 ,?is %yness disappe>$ :5 he 0 ) *ildr51 peasants1 or natives4 ,b to e "o else ,gaugu9 attempt$ to be z rude z possible1 9 ord] to keep !m at a di/ance4 ,&1 g5]ally1 he succe$$4 ,x is small wond] !n t ,s*uff5eck] %ortly f\nd 8 gue/ aga9 intol]able1 & t ,gaugu9 _h to seek out a m mode/ lodg+4 ,s*uff5eck] is sc>cely to be piti$4 ,he seems nev] to h realiz$ t ,gaugu9 0 ! sort ( man :om x 0 wor? :ile try+ to love & und]/&4 ,9 los+ ,gaugu91 he lo/ ! "o ?+ t 0 ev] likely to br+ him fame1 ! reputation :i* 8 /udio _h already acquir$ 9 ! eyes ( c]ta9 amateurs1 z h\s+ ,gaugu9's collection ( pictures & sculptures by himself1 by ,cezanne1 ,van ,gogh1 & ,odilon ,r$on4 ,gaugu9 %ortly f\nd a bett] fri5d p]haps ! only real fri5d he ev] _h--:o 0 will+ to give him ! use ( a /udio4 ,?is 0 ,daniel de ,monfreid1 :o _h1 incid5tally1 "u ! "n ,george ,daniel tak5 "p 9 ! ,volp9i exhibition4 ,x is wor?y ( note t :at br\ght !m toge!r 0 n a community ( ta/e 9 matt]s ( art1 b a common love ( ! sea4 ,de ,monfreid1 l ,gaugu91 _h be5 a sailor4 ,he 0 a man enjoy+ a c]ta9 compet5ce :o _h tak5 to ya*t+ z an amusem5t4 ,e summ]1 he dropp$ 8 palette & bru%es1 put on 8 ma/] m>9]'s cap1 :i* he _h won aft] an appr5tice%ip abo>d a coa/+ vessel1 & set =? 9 8 own s*oon] ( ?irty-six tons = a cruise 9 ! ,m$it]ranean4 ,?is w5t on = ye>s until de ,monfreid1 we>y ( dodg+ qu>ant9e re/rictions1 & gett+ entangl$ 9 ! complications ( m>itime law1 retir$ f ! sea1 g5]\sly (f]+ 8 s*oon] to ! ,naval ,s*ool at ,cette1 :]e %e ultimately met h] end4 ,at ?is p]iod he 0 kn[n to 8 arti/ic fri5ds 9 ,p>is z ! capta91 & _h be5 introduc$ to ,gaugu9 by ,s*uff5eck]1 on ! =m]'s return f ,m>t9ique 9 #ahhg4 ,to ?is man all lov]s ( ,gaugu9's art owe an imm5se debt4 ,:e!r x 0 due to ! indep5d5t & rov+ disposition1 %>$ by bo?1 or to _! common love & exp]i5ce ( ! sea1 or to ! fact t bo? 7 pa9t]s 7de ,monfreid's exp]i5ces 9 ! ,m$it]ranean _h made ( him a good colori/71 or to a c]ta9 bond ( savage frankness & nomad primitiv5ess to :i* all ! re/ ( _! common ta/es 7 due1 is unkn[n4 ,! fact rema9s t ! fri5d%ip betwe5 !m 0 ( t ideal k9d t is nev] brok53 ! fri5d%ip betwe5 ! creator & help]1 :i* all arti/s long = & to :i* s few atta94 ,9 f9d+ de ,monfreid1 ,gaugu9 exp]i5c$ almo/ ! la/ /roke ( good =tune t he 0 to h 9 life4 ,! la/ /roke ( all came a little aft]w>ds :51 9 ! ye> aft] accept+ de ,monfreid's hospitality1 he sudd5ly decid$ to leave ,europe = ,tahiti4 ,illu/ration3 ,h9a ,m>uru 7,fea/ to ,h9a74 ,! happy discov]y ( a lett] :i* ,gaugu9 wrote at ?is "t to a ,dani% pa9t]1 ,willems5 by "n1 cle>s up ! long-vex$ po9t ( :at induc$ him to take ?is decision4#a ,he *anc$ to att5d1 or to read ! report (1 a lecture on ,tahiti1 giv5 by a c]ta9 ,van d] ,ve]e4 ,van d] ,ve]e app>5tly pit*$ ! tone ( 8 disc\rse to suit ! ta/es ( a fa%ionable audi5ce4 ,he pictur$ ,tahiti z a t]re/rial p>adise :]e money 0 unkn[n4 ,"u a sky )\t w9t]1 ^u an e>? ( a m>vel\s f]tility1 ! ,tahitian has only to lift 8 h&s to ga!r 9 8 food2 s he nev] works4 ,= him life means s++ & mak+ love4 ,x is easy to picture ! effect ( su* phrases on ! m9d ( a born lov] ( repose l ,gaugu94 ,tahiti held out ! hope t ,m>t9ique _h fail$ to realize2 ! hope t he might be ! fir/ pa9t] ( ! tropics4 ,gaugu9's imag9ation 0 fir$ by ! idea4 ,he decl>$ t he int5d$ to quit ,europe & live 9 ,tahiti h5ce=w>d4 ,!re he c\ld p]haps =get all ! h>d%ips ( ! pa/1 & die =gott5 by ,p>is1 happy & free to pa9t sans gloire aucune p\r les autres4 ,& if 8 *ildr5 c\ld jo9 him !re1 all ! bett]--8 isolation w\ld !n be complete4#b ,! "y ,symboli/s ( c\rse %\t$ ,bravo6 at ! news ( ! propos$ voyage4 ,tahiti6 ,ano!r symbol6 ,!y _h already spoilt ,gaugu9 suffici5tly = s]i\s art1 by p]suad+ him to emb>k on v>i\s symboli/ic ent]prises1 su* z ! production ( a ma/]piece entitl$ ,loss ,( ,maid5hood1 :i* has =tunately vani%$1 & an et*+ repres5t+ ,mall>m ) ,poe's ,rav5 9 ! backgr\nd4 ,p]haps _! eag]ness to see ,gaugu9 safely emb>k$ = ,tahiti only conceal$ a gr[+ bor$om ) _! idol ( ye/]day4 ,at all ev5ts ,gaugu9 0 ft$1 w9$1 d9$4 ,?irty ( 8 works 7 auction$ (f at ! ,htel ,dr\ot1 produc+ ! small sum ( n9e ?\s& six hundr$ & eighty francs4 ,! ,gov]nm5t cons5t$ to make 8 voyage to ,oceania an (ficial arti/ic mission1 on condition t ?is did n involve !m 9 a responsibility = ! exp5ses4 ,a banquet 0 held at ! ,caf ,voltaire1 :]e all ! ,symboli/s 7 assembl$4 ,gaugu9 has left "s ironical obs]vations on ?is or on a simil> banquet1 :i* %[ cle>ly 8 op9ion ( ! c]emony4 ,f9ally a b5efit p]=mance 0 giv5 by ! ,?tre d',art = ! dep>t+ arti/ & also = ,v]la9e1 !n rapidly s9k+ into ! squalor ( 8 la/ ye>s4#c ,! mo/ int]e/+ fact ab\t ! p]=mance 0 t1 includ$ 9 ! program by a /range /roke ( irony1 ,maurice ,maet]l9ck's play ,l',intruse made on ?is occasion its fir/ appe>ance on ! /age4 ,dea? walk$ ! /age be=e ,gaugu9's eyes1 z if to %[ him :at to expect4 ,& yet he did n draw back4 ,on ! f\r? ( ,april #ahia1 ,gaugu91 ab&on+ ,p>is1 />t$ on 8 voyage ( discov]y to ,tahiti4 ,morice1 9 8 int]e/+ book on ,gaugu91 decl>es t :5 ! decision 0 irrevocably made1 & ! mission to ,tahiti _h be5 /amp$ ) (ficial approval1 ,gaugu9's self-possession mom5t>ily ab&on$ him1 & he broke d[n1 & wept4 ,& :5 ,morice ask$ ! reason1 he repli$ 9 ^! /range1 tragic1 t\*+ words3-- ,li/5 to me4444 ,i h nev] kn[n h[ to keep alive bo? my family & my ?\ght4 ,i h n ev5 be5 able1 up to n[1 to keep alive my ?\ght alone4 ,& n[ t ,i c hope = ! future1 ,i feel m t]ribly ?an ,i h ev] felt1 ! horror ( ! sacrifice ,i h made1 :i* is utt]ly irrep>able4 ,) ?is k 9 8 he>t1 ,gaugu9 ab&on$ civilization4 ,footnote #a3 ,les ,m>ges1 ,p>is1 ,may #ae1 #aiah4 ,footnote #b3 ,gaugu9 _h also und\bt$ly read ,loti's book4 ,8 lett]s %[ t be=e decid+ ^u ,tahiti he _h consid]$ ! possibility ( go+ to ,tonk9 or ,madagasc>4 ,footnote #c3 ,x may be notic$ t ,gaugu9 receiv$ no f9ancial pr(it :atev] f ?is p]=mance1 & ,v]la9e v little4 ,,"p ,,iv3 ,,! ,,return ,,to ,,savag]y #ahia-ahie ,i ,tahiti1 ! l>ge/ ( ! ,fr5* ,society ,isl&s1 lies 9 ! ,s\? ,pacific ,ocean4 ,t is ab\t ! limit ( ! av]age p]son's k4 ,_m p]haps und]/& vaguely t ! climate is tropical b modifi$ by sea breezes1 ! sc5]y wond]ful1 ! p fam\s = beauty & lic5ti\sness4 ,nev]!less1 a m ?or\gh k ( ! isl&'s my/]i\s racial /ory c\ld n fail to int]e/4 ,tahiti1 ,samoa 7kn[n to u ?r\gh ,/ev5son71 ,hawaii1 ,new ,zeal& & ! ,m>quesas 7famili> to read]s ( ,melville's ,omoo71 :i* are ! *ief l9ks 9 t /ory1 7 all1 at ! "t ! isl&s 7 discov]$1 inhabit$ by ! same p & a p utt]ly diff]5t 9 appe>ance f ! woolly-hair$ ,papuans ( ,new ,gu9ea & ,fiji1 or f ! /raight-hair$ ,malays ( ! p59sula1 made famili> to u ?r\gh ! /ories ( ,joseph ,conrad4 ,^! isl& p1 ! ,polynesians1 7 f\nd speak+ all ! same tongue1 ?\gh 9 diff]5t dialects2 !y _h1 = ! mo/ "p1 ! same social organization & _! religion1 mann]s & cu/oms 7 v simil>2 !y _h1 9 _m cases1 traditions po9t+ to a common place ( orig9 9 ! isl& ( ,samoa4 ,& yet f ,samoa !y liv$ sep>at$ by ?\s&s ( miles ( int]v5+ ocean1 /ill imp]fectly kn[n1 ab\nd+ 9 coral reefs1 liable to dang]\s /orms1 full ( %ift+ curr5ts4 ,h[ !n _h !y rea*$ ,tahiti8 ,! an?ropologi/s assure u t ! race is physically a bran* ( ! ,caucasian or ,indo-,european4 ,?\gh _! sk9 is d>k1 x is = ! mo/ "p less d>k ?an t ( ! natives ( ,india4 ,set a ,maori soldi] f ,new ,zeal& beside an ,indian cavalryman & note ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! cle> yell[ sk9 ( ! =m]1 :i* seems to give out light & ! sw>?y1 somb] br[n ( ! latt]4 ,9 o!r *>act]i/ics too ! ,polynesians are ess5tially ,caucasian4 ,!y are a tall1 well built1 massive race1 contra/+ favorably ) ! ,malay4 ,_! hair is black--or 9 "s cases copp] br[n--& wavy1 aga9 contra/+ ) ! /raight hair ( ! ,malay or ! fuzzy mop ( ! ,papuan4 ,f9ally1 ! ca/ ( face is purely ,caucasian & 9 _m cases v beautiful4 ,only ! nose appe>s abnormally broad & flat1 due to artificial flatt5+ 9 infancy4 ,we mu/ suppose !n1 t at "s p]iod unkn[n1 b probably aft] ! ,*ri/ian era 7! folk-lore ( ,hawaii1 :i* mu/ h be5 settl$ late1 goes back to ! fif? c5tury7 a seaf>+ race ( ,indo-,european /ock set sail f "s "p ( ! ,indian p59sula 9 deck$ %ips1 capable ( c>ry+ "o or two hundr$ p]sons & provisions = a voyage ( "s weeks4 7,we "k ! ,polynesians 7 capable ( build+ su* %ips47 ,f ,india !y made _! way to ! ,malay p59sula1 :]e traces ( _! pass+ /ill exi/1 & s gradually to ,samoa1 :5ce !y spread nor?w>ds to ,hawaii1 s\?w>ds to ,new ,zeal&1 ea/w>ds to ,tahiti1 to ! ,m>quesas & to ,ea/] ,isl&4 ,9 ord] to accompli% all ?is1 _! seaf>+ ent]prise1 w>like en]gy & a/ronomical k mu/ h be5 great4 ,lat] on1 "u ! influ5ce ( too luxuriant a climate1 ! ,polynesians became indol5t1 c>eless1 effem9ate4 ,&1 z su*1 !y 7 discov]$ by ! ent]pris+ ,anglo-,saxon1 by ! ,fr5*man ) 8 ,p>isian vices1 by ! ?or\gh & sci5tific ,g]man4 ,! comb9$ influ5ces ( mission>ies1 dr9k1 disease & ! labor m>ket r$uc$ ! inhabitants f #aej1jjj 9 #aggd to #aj1jjj 9 #ahhi4 ,to ^! p came ,paul ,gaugu91 unwitt+ ( ! trag$y ( _! hi/ory4 ,x is true t he 0 we>y ( ,europe & _h set out ) ! aim he _h *]i%$ s9ce ! ,m>t9ique days--to be ! fir/ pa9t] ( ! tropics4 ,b x is probable t he *ose ,tahiti at haz>d1 because he believ$ t "h 0 a c\ntry :]e "o c\ld live = almo/ no?+4 ,x mu/ always be rememb]$ t ,gaugu9 _h no private means & t 8 pictures1 l all works 9 advance ( _! "t1 did n sell4 ,cezanne1 ,degas1 c\ld af=d n to sell _! pictures because !y _h o!r res\rces4 ,b ,gaugu9 0 =c$ to f9d "s way ( exi/+ :ile produc+ pictures t1 z he knew well1 x w\ld take ! public "s "t to accept4 ,9 a lett] to de ,monfreid he /at$ 8 sy/em3 ,f ! beg9n+1 ,i knew t ?is w\ld be a life f day to day2 s1 logically1 ,i habituat$ myself to x4 ,in/ead ( los+ my /r5g? 9 "w & worry = ! mom5t1 ,i put all my /r5g? into ! day--l ! wre/l] :o does n employ 8 body except 9 ! mom5t ( wre/l+4 ,:5 ,i lie d[n 9 ! ev5+ ,i say to myself3 ,"o m day is ga9$1 p]haps to-morr[ ,i %all be dead4 ,9 my "w z a pa9t]1 ditto--,i d n tr\ble ab\t any?+1 b ea* day = itself--at ! end ( a c]ta9 "t1 ?is cov]s a consid]able ext5t ( surface4 ,if m5 w\ld n wa/e _! "t 9 disconnect$ /ruggles & labors6 ,e day a l9k4 ,t is ! great po9t4 ,su* 0 ! frame ( m9d 9 :i* ,gaugu9 w5t to ,tahiti4 ,:at he f\nd !re 0 n ! ,pays de ,cocaigne he probably expect$4 ,! ,gods d n give _! gifts 9 ?is fa%ion4 ,gaugu9 ask$ mu* f ,tahiti & mu* 0 giv54 ,b he ask$ = mat]ial com=t & 0 (f]$ in/ead spiritual salvation4 ,9 ,tahiti1 ,paul ,gaugu9 f\nd1 at la/1 8 s\l2 & ! "w t he a*iev$ !re1 ?\gh x br\ght him 9 no mat]ial =tune1 0 to /& & speak to lat] ages1 its own t]rible p>able to all m54 ,,ii ,on ! night ( ! eigh? ( ,june #ahia1 aft] sixty-?ree days ( voyag+1 ,gaugu9 at la/ arriv$ at ,papeete1 ! capital ( ,tahiti4 ,he 0 at ! "t suff]+ f bron*itis1 contract$ dur+ ! la/ w9t] 9 ,p>is1 & )9 a few days ( 8 arrival 0 oblig$ to take to 8 b$4 ,he 0 n[ )9 a few days ( 8 =ty-?ird bir?day4 ,al?\gh possess$ ( a normally /rong con/itution1 =tifi$ by ! op5-air exi/5ce ( 8 y\? & by v>i\s a?letic ex]cises1 su* z box+1 f5c+ & swimm+1 ( :i* he 0 v fond1 8 heal?1 :5 he rea*$ ,tahiti1 became imm$iately worse4 ,?is 0 l>gely due to 8 con/ant ov]-indulg5ce 9 tobacco & p>tly also to ! privations :i* he _h endur$ ?r\gh\t 8 five ye>s' /ruggle = livelihood4 ,8 prospects 7 n brilliant4 ,! gov]nor1 ,lacascade1 an ignorant & brutal negro1 le>n+ t he _h an (ficial mission1 at once took him = a spy s5t out f ,p>is1 & by e possible means attempt$ to h9d] 8 gett+ into contact ) ! degrad$ & exploit$ native population4 ,! society ( ! pseudo-,european capital1 ,papeete1 disgu/$ him4 ,! natives ( ! int]ior 7 suspici\sly ho/ile to all :ites4 ,a few days aft] 8 arrival a public ev5t occurr$ :i* r\s$ 8 int]e/4 ,x 0 ! dea? ( ! la/ male repres5tative ( ! old royal h\se ( ,tahiti1 ,pom>e ,v1 ! son ( ! un=tunate ,que5 ,pom>e1 :o _h va9ly /ruggl$ to enli/ ,great ,brita9's sympa?y 9 h] opposition to ! ,fr5* occupation4 ,pom>e ,v _h abdicat$ elev5 ye>s previ\sly2 n[ he 0 dead &1 ) 8 dea?1 ! la/ dy+ gleams ( ,tahitian hopes = indep5d5ce became ext9ct4 ,pom>e 0 buri$ 9 ! uni=m ( a ,fr5* ,admiral1 ) full (ficial c]emony & accord+ to ! rites ( ,*ri/ianity2 b 9 ! attitude ( ! natives to ?is ev5t1 ,gaugu9 0 able to see t ! emb]s ( paganism /ill smold]$ 9 ! isl& & 7 ready to revive at any favorable opportunity4 ,he decid$ to quit ,papeete & to hire 9 ! int]ior a hut--a process :i* w5t f> to exhau/ 8 small capital4 ,!re he attempt$ to live z a native & to get 9 t\* ) ! inhabitants4 ,?is made /ill fur!r inroads on ! n9e ?\s& francs he _h br\ght away ) him f ,france4 ,! natives held alo(1 suspici\s2 !y 7 only ready to approa* him & to act z models at ! sight ( provisions1 liquor1 money4 ,8 ef=ts to get into clos] t\* ) !m 7 met only by enigmatic & evasive smiles4 ,nev]!less ,gaugu9 p]si/$4 ,?\gh we mu/ reg>d ! acc\nt giv5 by himself 9 ! pages ( ,noa ,noa z repres5t+ r ! dream ?an ! reality1 he und\bt$ly made a brave attempt to p]suade ! natives to accept him z "o ( _! own k9d4 ,b1 un=tunately1 ! natives _h se5 ?\s&s ( ,europeans be=e him1 ei!r voyag]s ( ! ,pi]re ,loti type or comm]cial exploit]s look+ ^u !m z dirty ,kanakas4 ,!y n[ _h _! rev5ge 9 ! only way possible to a conqu]$ race4 ,!y sp5t 8 money1 flatt]$ 8 pa9t+ & 8 vanity1 & smil$ beh9d 8 back4 ,be=e a ye> 0 out 8 capital _h vani%$4 ,!re 7 no buy]s = 8 pictures on ! isl& & ,p>is 0 f> away4 ,gaugu9 f\nd t he _h sudd5ly ag$--a common exp]i5ce en\gh = :ite m5 com+ sudd5ly into a tropic climate4 ,8 he>t began to give him tr\ble4 ,?is savage ,ed51 :i* ! :ite m5 _h f\nd & corrupt$1 0 tak+ its little rev5ge4 ,he attempt$ to p]suade ! gov]nor to furni% funds = 8 passage back to ,france4 ,9 va94 ,he hop$ t buy]s = 8 pictures w\ld come =w>d 9 ,p>is4 ,useless4 ,=tunately 8 fame 0 n[ spread+ to neutral c\ntries4 ,?anks to 8 wife's ef=ts he 0 invit$ to take "p 9 an exhibition 9 ,d5m>k4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,old ,_s4 ,on ! eigh? ( ,decemb]1 #ahib1 he =w>d$ a packet ( eight pictures to ?is exhibition1 among :i* 0 ! sup]b canvas ,l',esprit ,veille4 ,! picture creat$ an imm5se /ir at ,cop5hag5 :5 exhibit$ ! next ye> & br\ght him 9 "s money4 ,b 9 ,p>is 8 fame /eadily decl9$ & he 0 e day less talk$ ab\t4 ,alb]t ,auri]1 a "y critic :o _h writt5 9 8 favor & help$ to make 8 art kn[n1 0 dead4 ,!odore ,van ,gogh1 :o _h support$ him & _h attempt$ to f9d buy]s = 8 "w1 _h foll[$ 8 un=tunate bro!r into ! grave4 ,mean:ile 8 pupils ( ye/]day1 ,b]n>d1 ,srusi] & ! re/1 7 go+ ab\t ,p>is vaguely h9t+ t !y _h taught ,gaugu9 some?+ & t ,czanne & ,van ,gogh 7 bett] arti/s4 ,! halo ( victory :i* _h cr[n$ 8 dep>ture f ,p>is 0 rapidly fad+4 ,he _h pa9t$ already at ,tahiti1 z he knew1 magnific5t pictures--pictures bett] ?an any?+ he _h done be=e4 ,moreov]1 he believ$ t he c\ld n[ pa9t o!rs f memory z well 9 ,p>is z else:]e4 ,:at he _h se5 9 ,tahiti _h giv5 him ! necess>y mat]ial ^u :i* 8 imag9ation1 always syn!tic & non-reali/ic1 c\ld "w4 ,8 heal? & 8 future prospects c\ld only suff] by a long] /ay4 ,he believ$ t 9 return+ to ,p>is he c\ld make himself once & = all an out/&+ figure4 ,if he did n1 p]haps x w\ld be bett] to give up pa9t+ altoge!r4 ,he 0 gr[+ old4 ,on ! ?irtie? ( ,augu/ #ahic1 he arriv$ at ,m>seilles ) f\r francs 9 8 pocket1 aft] a t]rible voyage 9 ! /e]age1 9 ! height ( summ]1 dur+ :i* ?ree un=tunate pass5g]s di$ ( heat 9 ! ,r$ ,sea4 ,x is almo/ incr$ible to ?9k (1 t ?is man1 dur+ ! two ye>s he _h be5 away f ,france1 _h pa9t$1 despite fail+ heal?1 & f9ancial mis]ies1 ov] =ty canvases1 among !m su* ma/]pieces z ,l',esprit ,veille1 ,matamua1 & ,ia ,orana ,m>ia4 ,& yet ?is v same man arriv$ back 9 ,france a paup]6 ,truly1 he might well say ( himself1 t he 0 born ) ! evil eye1 :i* br+s to its own]1 z well z o!rs1 only mis=tune4 ,,iii ,p>is has be5 = a c5tury ! mo/ fickle & cruel city 9 ! _w4 ,s9ce h] spoil$ d>l+ ,napoleon fell1 !re has be5 no "o to :om %e is will+ to grant h] favors = m ?an a day4 ,!re are a few exceptions to ?is rule4 ,hugo1 because he liv$ 9 exile2 ,balzac1 because he1 too1 0 a h]mit1 cont9ually pe/]$ by 8 cr$itors2 & ( rec5t ye>s ,v]la9e1 because he haunt$ ! l[e/ cafs1 ! vile/ d5s1 & only em]g$ f ^! to g into a hospital or a prison4 ,su* m5 may be ! idols ( ,p>is4 ,= ! re/1 ,p>is is will+ only to ?9k ( h] *ildr5 z sons = a day4 ,gaugu9 return$1 pictur+ a complete conque/ ( ,p>is4 ,b he _h already enjoy$ ! brief h\r ( glory t 0 to be 84 ,_h he b manag$ 8 affairs m wisely1 he might1 on ! /r5g? ( ! s5sation 8 pictures _h creat$ 9 ,d5m>k & subsequ5tly 9 ,sw$51 ,norway1 & ,g]many1 h n[ conclud$ ) a picture-deal] an arrangem5t enabl+ him to obta9 a small fix$ sum e ye> = 8 "w4 ,b ,gaugu9 dem&$ all or no?+6 ,&1 z 0 ! case be=e ) 8 "m & h] ,p]uvian relatives1 ! result 0 no?+4 ,he decid$ to give a g5]al exhibition ( 8 entire ,tahitian "w1 =ty-f\r pictures & two pieces ( sculpture4 ,dur&-,ruel gave him a gall]y & ,*>les ,morice1 *ief ( ! "y symboli/s :om ,gaugu9 _h met aft] ! ,volp9i %[1 wrote a preface to ! catalog1 :i* probably only s]v$ to my/ify ! public /ill fur!r4 ,= ! effect ( ! exhibition on public & press 0 to produce frank bewild]m5t4 ,( ! =ty-f\r pictures exhibit$1 ?irty-?ree rema9$ unsold4 ,:at misl$ visitors m ?an any?+ else 7 ! titles t ,gaugu9 _h se5 fit to atta* to 8 pictures4 ,^! titles 7 9 ! ,tahitian language4 ,e "o imm$iately suppos$ t 9 ord] to und]/& ! pictures1 x 0 necess>y to be exp]t 9 ! hi/ory1 ! folk-lore1 ! mann]s & cu/oms ( ,tahiti4 ,naturally !re=e ! pictures seem$ to be m]e ar*ological & e?nological puzzles1 only to be read by ^? possess+ ! key4 ,gaugu91 ( c\rse1 _h int5d$ some?+ else4 ,j z he _h us$ ,brittany to sugge/ ! somb] passion & suff]+ ( ,*ri/1 s he _h us$ ,tahiti to sugge/ ! primal innoc5ce1 ! enigmatic my/]y ( life z x 0 liv$ 9 ,ed5 & 9 ! days ( man's awak5+--9 t ,gold5 ,age dream$ by e great poet & e great pa9t]4 ,b x 0 useless = him to try to expla9 t ,tahiti _h m]ely giv5 him mat]ial out ( :i* 8 imag9ation _h evolv$ pictures4 ,morice pictures him /&+ at ! exhibition1 day aft] day1 & li/5+ ) p]fect composure to ! /upid rem>ks & laught] ( ! cr[d4 ,x 01 z he lat] said ( himself1 ! torture ( ! ,indian :o smiles at ! /ake4 ,only ,degas came & und]/ood4 ,to him on ! la/ day ( ! exhibit1 ,gaugu9 said3 ,monsieur ,degas1 y h =gott5 y\r cane1 & tak+ d[n a cane he himself _h sculptur$ h&$ x to ! a/oni%$ pa9t]4 ,! bitt]ness ( %e] />vation w\ld assur$ly h be5 81 _h n =tune1 ) sly mock]y & ) p]haps a desire to save ,gaugu9 = bett] ?+s1 s5t him means ( salvation4 ,a bro!r ( 8 fa!r di$ 9 ,orleans1 well-to-d & a ba*elor4 ,f 8 e/ate1 ,gaugu9 inh]it$ ?irte5 ?\s& francs4 ,! exhibition _h be5 a mi/ake1 b 8 next move 0 %e] folly4 ,in/ead ( reflect+ calmly ^u 8 situation1 he r5t$ a /udio & det]m9$ to make "o m attempt to impress & />tle ,p>is4 ,morice admits t ?is 0 done at ! insi/5ce ( 8 s-call$ fri5ds4 ,if ?is 0 ! case ,gaugu9 w\ld h done well _h he utt]$ ! well-kn[n pray]1 ,deliv] me f my fri5ds6 ,= ,morice1 ev51 admitt$ lat] t x 01 "u ! circum/ances1 a mi/ake4 ,ab\t ,gaugu9's /udio & 8 life at ?is p]iod ! leg5ds h gr[n ) ! ye>s4 ,x is und\bt$ly a fact t 8 walls 7 color$ pale yell[1 & 8 w9d[s pa9t$ ) ,tahitian subjects 9 imitation ( /a9$ glass 7^! same w9d[s 71 by ! way1 on exhibition at a deal]'s 9 ,p>is a few ye>s ago74 ,x is true t 8 rooms 7 decorat$ ) trophies1 boom]angs1 wood5 clubs1 spe>s4 ,x is true t he kept a monkey & a model1 a mulatto woman :o is said to h come f ,java & :o 0 c]ta9ly m ( a trial to him ?an any?+ else4 ,x is true also t he wore a /range co/ume1 consi/+ ( a long blue rid+ coat ) pe>l buttons1 a blue wai/coat embroid]$ yell[1 br[n pantaloons1 & a gray sl\* hat ) a blue ribbon4 ,b ! importance ( ^! & ( simil> details is v slight4 ,gaugu9 has be5 dead n[ = "s ye>s & x is "t t ! recollection ( ^! pitiable attempts to attract ! att5tion ( he$less ,p>is 7 dead also & =gott54 ,despite ?is p>ade ( self-satisfi$ vanity1 ,gaugu9 f\nd himself ill-at-ease4 ,! facile adulation ( ! symboli/s1 :o frequ5t$ ! tea-p>ties he gave at 8 /udio1 c\ld n hold him4 ,he w&]$ (f to ,bruges1 :]e he rema9$ rapt ) admiration be=e ,meml+ & a/\nd$1 half-ov]:elm$ by ! brutal en]gy ( ,rub5s4 ,he lo/ int]e/ 9 ! new pupils :o (f]$ !mselves1 ,segu9 & ,o',connor4 ,aft] a va9 attempt to get a po/ f ! ,gov]nm5t z a resid5t 9 ,oceania1 he aga9 drift$ back to ,pont-,av54 ,!re1 "o day1 prom5ad+ ^u ! bea* ) ! p]si/5t mulatto model at 8 side1 he 0 je]$ at by "s sailors4 ,9 a mom5t1 all 8 ridicul\s artifices & c>efully-/udi$ poses slipp$ f him4 ,he 0 aga9 a savage1 fight+ = ! "r to exi/ 9 8 own way4 ,he attack$ ! sailors b !y 7 too _m = him & "o1 slipp+ beh9d him1 laun*$ a well-aim$ kick & broke 8 leg at ! %94 ,! mulatto fl$1 took a tra9 to ,p>is1 ent]$ ! empty /udio1 seiz$ :atev] %e c\ld lay h] h&s on & vani%$4 ,z = ,gaugu91 he lay on a /ret*]1 utt]+ n a groan b /oically roll+ & smok+ a cig>ette4 ,,iv ,little by little !re _h be5 dawn+ 9 8 m9d a vague und]/&+2 & n[1 z he lay on 8 b$ 9 ! inn at ,pont-,av51 ?is und]/&+ became a conviction4 ,he saw & und]/ood at la/ :at x 0 t he _h tri$ to accompli% & :y he _h fail$4 ,he knew n[ :at 8 art _h be52 a great prote/1 an ext]nal manife/ation ( ! inn] revolt t _h gone on 9 8 s\l4 ,:at he _h f\ght aga9/ 0 ! cunn+ extortion1 ! moral degradation1 ! b>ga9+ hypocrisy1 ( n9ete5? c5tury ,europe4 ,& n9ete5? c5tury ,europe _h ris5 aga9/ him1 0 ca/+ him out1 0 de/roy+ him4 ,he mu/ ei!r submit or decl>e w>1 = ! sake ( 8 life1 8 art1 8 s\l4 ,among ! p ( ,tahiti1 label$ contemptu\sly savages by ! v folk :o _h hamp]$ ! developm5t ( 8 art at e opportunity1 among ^! savages he knew t he _h f\nd honor1 c\rage1 moral dignity1 & dis9t]e/$ k9dness z he _h f\nd !m n[h]e else4 ,among ^! oppress$ & exploit$ savages1 !re /ill surviv$ ve/iges ( a civilization 9 :i* art _h its prop] place 9 ! s*eme ( ?+s1 z a means to full] & m joy\s life & z a door op5+ ^u ! my/]ies ( t beyond :i* nei!r sci5ti/s nor !ologians c\ld ev] pi]ce4 ,among ^! savages he _h f\nd a d>k subt]ranean hatr$ ( ! new civilization1 :i* !y knew to be de/roy+ !m2 & n[ he look$ & saw ! same hatr$ 9 8 own s\l4 ,on ,septemb] #bj1 #ahid1 he wrote to ,daniel de ,monfreid3-- ,z y say1 ,i h n giv5 any news ( myself rec5tly & e "o is compla9+4 ,! reason is1 y see1 t ,i h lo/ all my /r5g? ?r\gh suff]+1 above all at night1 :i* ,i frequ5tly pass )\t any sleep4 ,& into ! b>ga9 naturally ,i h done no?+ ?is inf]nal mon? except sp5d money4 ,= ! re/1 ,i h made a fix$ resolve to g back & live always 9 ,oceania & %all return to ,p>is 9 ,decemb] 9 ord] to occupy myself exclusively 9 sell+ all my baz> at no matt] :at price4 ,if ,i succe$ ,i %all leave z soon z possible 9 ,febru>y4 ,i c !n f9i% my days )\t c>e = ! morr[ & )\t ! ext]nal /ruggle aga9/ fools--,f>ewell to pa9t+1 except z a means ( di/raction4 ,my h\se w be 9 sculptur$ wood4 ,! resolve express$ by ?is lett] 0 c>ri$ out4 ,gaugu9 return$ to ,p>is & ?rew ! baz>1 z he call$ x1 ^u ! m>ket4 ,an auction sale 0 plann$ ( ! pictures rema9+ 9 ! /udio4 ,on 8 return f ,tahiti1 ,gaugu9 _h met ,augu/ ,/r9db]g1 !n liv+ 9 ,p>is4 ,/r9db]g _h tak5 a c]ta9 int]e/ 9 8 "w & = a "t ! two m5 _h liv$ toge!r4 ,gaugu9 n[ appli$ to him = a preface to ! sale catalog4 ,! foll[+ lett] 0 ,/r9db]g's response & 9 its words we read intellectual ,europe's compla9t aga9/ ,gaugu93 ,y insi/ absolutely ^u hav+ ! preface = y\r catalog :i* ,i wrote 9 remembrance ( ! w9t] #ahid-e1 :5 we 7 liv+ "h1 beh9d ! ,in/itute1 n f> f ! ,pan!on1 m important /ill1 close to ! ,cemet]y ( ,montp>nasse6 ,i w\ld h will+ly giv5 y ?is s\v5ir1 to take away ) y to t isle ( ,oceania1 :]e y wi% to seek a decoration 9 h>mony ) y\r p[]ful /ature1 & a brea?+ space1 b ,i feel myself 9 an equivocal position f ! outset1 & ,i respond imm$iately to y\r reque/ by an ',i _c' or1 m brutally1 by an ',i w n4' 444 ,i _c grasp y\r art & ,i _c love x--,i "k t ?is av[al w nei!r a/oni% nor w\nd y1 because y seem to be only /r5g!n$ by ! hatr$ ( o!rs2 y\r p]sonality1 c>eful to rema9 intact1 is pleas$ by ! antipa?y t x ar\ses4 ,p]haps ) reason1 =1 f ! in/ant :51 approv$ & admir$1 y obta9 p>tisans1 ei!r !y w rank y or classify y or give to y\r art a "n :i* ! y\ng] m5 %all h us$ = five ye>s to designate a sup]-annuat$ /yle ( pa9t+4 444 ,x 0 ( ,puvis de ,*avannes t ,i ?\ght la/ night1 :5 to ! s\!rn s\nds ( m&ol9 & guit>1 ,i saw on ! walls ( y\r /udio an upro> ( sunlit pictures1 :i* pursu$ me 9 my sleep4 ,i saw trees :i* no botani/ w discov]1 animals unsuspect$ by ,cuvi] & m5 :i* only y c create4 ,a sea :i* p\rs =? f a volcano1 a sky 9 :i* no ,god c live--,sir1 said ,i 9 my dream1 y h creat$ a new heav5 & e>?1 b ,i am n delight$ 9 ! mid/ ( y\r creation4 ,x is too sunny = me2 ,i pref] m *i>oscuro4 ,& 9 y\r p>adise !re lives an ,eve :o is n my ideal1 because truly ,i1 too1 h a fem99e ideal or two6 ,?is morn+1 ,i w5t to ! ,luxemb\rg gall]y to look at ,*avannes1 :o always comes back to my m9d4 ,i contemplat$ ) a pr(\nd sympa?y 8 picture ( ! ,poor ,fi%]man1 s att5tively occupi$ 9 wat*+ ! boat1 :i* br+s him to ! fai?ful love ( 8 sp\se1 & slumb]+ *ild4 ,t is beautiful4 ,b x seem$ to me ?is ,fi%]man wore a cr[n ( ?orns1 & t %ock$ me4 ,= ,i hate ,*ri/ & all cr[ns ( ?orns4 ,y und]/& t ,i hate !m4 ,i d n desire ?is pitiful ,god :o accepts bl[s4 ,my ,god is r ,vitsliputsli1 :o1 9 ! sun1 eats ! he>ts ( m54 ,no1 ,gaugu9 is n =m$ f ! "w ( ,*avannes1 nor f t ( ,manet1 nor f t ( ,ba/i5-,lepage4 ,:o is he !n8 ,he is ,gaugu91 ! savage :o hates a we>isome civilization2 some?+ ( a ,titan :o1 jeal\s ( 8 ,creator1 9 8 idle mom5ts makes 8 own little creation2 a *ild :o breaks up 8 toys to make o!rs2 he :o d5ies & defies ! rabble1 pref]r+ to see ! sky r$1 r ?an blue1 z !y d4 ,illu/ration3 ,calv>y4 ,bon voyage1 ,ma/]3 b come back "h to me4 ,i %all by t "t p]haps h le>n$ to und]/& y\r art bett]1 :i* w p]mit me to make a true preface = a new catalog ( a new sale1 s9ce ,i am beg9n+ also to feel an imm5se ne$ = becom+ savage & creat+ a new _w4 ,to ?is lett]1 ,gaugu9 repli$-) ! foll[+ pr(ession ( fai?3-- ,i h receiv$ to-day y\r lett]2 y\r lett]1 :i* is a preface = my catalog4 ,i _h ! idea ( ask+ y = a preface1 :5 ,i saw y ! o!r day 9 my /udio play+ ! guit> & s++1 y\r blue nor!rn eyes gaz+ att5tively at ! pictures on ! walls4 ,i _h !n ! pres5tim5t ( a revolt1 ( a %ock betwe5 y\r civilization & my b>b>ism4 ,y suff] f y\r civilization4 ,my b>b>ism is to me a r5ewal ( y\?4 ,be=e ! ,eve ( my *oice1 :i* ,i h pa9t$ 9 =ms & h>monies ( ano!r _w1 y\r remembrances h p]haps evok$ a sorr[ ( ! pa/4 ,! ,eve ( y\r civiliz$ conception makes y & ! re/ ( u almo/ always misogyni/s2 ! old ,eve1 :i* 9 my /udio fright5s y1 w p]haps smile at y less bitt]ly "s day4 ,?is _w ( m9e1 :i* nei!r a ,cuvi] nor a botani/ c f9d1 w be a ,p>adise1 :i* ,i %all h only sket*$ out4 ,& f ! sket* to ! realization ( ! dream is v f>4 ,:at matt]8 ,to envisage happ9ess1 is t n a =eta/e ( ,nirvana8 ,! ,eve t ,i h pa9t$1 %e alone1 logically c rema9 nak$ be=e "o's eyes4 ,y\rs 9 t simple /ate c\ld n walk )\t %ame1 & too beautiful 7p]haps71 w\ld be ! evocation ( an evil & a sorr[4 ,9 ,febru>y1 #ahie1 ! pictures 7 sold br++ 9 twelve ?\s& francs4 ,& %ortly aft] ! arti/ %ook ! du/ ( ,europe f 8 feet & dep>t$ = 8 f9al voyage to ,tahiti4 ,z ,morice says1 he left ,p>is ) a smile1 & )\t turn+ 8 head to look back4 ,v ,x 0 9 ! same _s z t 9 :i* he quitt$ ,europe f9ally1 t ,gaugu9 set himself ! task ( writ+ ! /ory ( 8 life 9 ,tahiti4 ,?is /ory1 :i* appe>s 9 ! pages ( ! book he entitl$ ,noa ,noa 7a native ^w mean+ fragrant71 is at once ! be/ comm5t>y on & ! f9al analysis ( 8 m9d4 ,we d n "k :5 ,gaugu9 fir/ conceiv$ or execut$ ! "p ( ! book t is 84 ,x may h be5 dur+ 8 long h\rs ( solitude on 8 fir/ visit to ! isl&2 p]haps x 0 dur+ 8 /ay 9 ,p>is2 p]haps x 0 aft] 8 return4 ,! "p ( ! book t is n 8 ref]s 9 pass+ to ev5ts t took place z late z #ahig4 ,gaugu9 wi%$ to write ! /ory ( 8 conv]sion to savag]y--! conv]sion ( a man :o realiz$ t he himself 0 ta9t$ ) civilization1 incapable ( becom+ m ?an half-a-savage1 yet realiz+ utt]ly t savag]y 0 nak$1 heal?y & s\nd1 :ile civilization 0 corrupt1 ov]-luxuriant & decay+4 ,to accompli% ?is task1 he s\ght = a /yle z free f lit]>y artifice z possible4 ,8 aim 0 to /ate :at he _h se5 9 ,tahiti1 9 ! /yle ( a folk-tale4 ,he delib]ately es*ew$ rhetoric1 exotic ornam5t1 all ! devices ( ! t\ri/1 ! j\rnali/1 ! pr(essional litt]ature4 ,:at he want$1 above all1 0 to make o!rs feel1 9 ! incid5ts ( a nave /ory1 ! ess5ce ( ,tahiti--! s\l ( ! native4 ,x is !re=e useless to ask :e!r ! /ory ( 8 return to savag]y told by ,gaugu9 9 ?is book1 has any basis 9 fact or :e!r x is l>gely allegory4 ,x may be bo? or nei!r4 ,x conta9s c]ta9 und\bt$ facts3 fir/1 t ,gaugu9 saw on 8 arrival at ,papeete ! royal fun]al & 0 /ruck by ! attitude ( ! natives to t ev5t2 second1 t he quitt$ ,papeete & attempt$ to live z a native1 ab&on+ ,european dress & spee* z f> z possible2 ?ird1 t 9 ! c\rse ( 8 /ay 9 ! isl& he ent]$ into relations ) "o or m native wom52 f9ally1 t he quitt$ ! isl&1 ow+ to money tr\bles & 9 ! hope ( obta9+ a sub/antial triumph 9 ,france4 ,^! facts are n important1 & are m]ely ! vague skeleton ^u :i* ! fasc9at+ /ory ( ,gaugu9's spiritual developm5t is bit by bit1 built up4 ,he made use ( ^! facts 9 ! same way z he made use ( models 9 8 pictures1 z ! basis = ! sugge/ion ( beautiful =ms4 ,all art to him 0 transposition1 & 9 ! pages ( 8 recital he delib]ately attempt$ to transpose 8 op9ions on civilization1 savag]y1 & life1 into a s]ies ( imag9>y adv5tures1 :i* we are at lib]ty to believe or n z we *oose4 ,s we foll[ him f ,papeete into ! backwoods4 ,we f9d him hold+ alo( f ! savages at fir/ & m>vel+ at _! simple hospitality4 ,we see him mak+ 8 fir/ t5tative attempts at e/abli%+ a community ( ?\ght4 ,he tries to p]suade ! natives to sit = _! portraits--) little success4 ,he tries to f9d solace 9 ! companion%ip ( ! half-ca/e ,titi1 9 va94 ,!n ,jotefa comes ^u ! sc5e1 ! "y man ^: body reveals to him ! hi!rto unsuspect$ fact t civilization has only acc5tuat$ diff]5ces ( sex1 & !reby r5d]$ sex m dang]\s1 m artificial1 m unnatural4 ,s he gets 8 fir/ gleam ( intellig5ce4 ,! next comes1 :5 ,jotefa decl>es t he _c t\* ! *isel1 t an arti/ is n l o!r m51 b "s "o produc+ a ?+ useful to o!rs4 ,?is fur!r enlight5s him4 ,he contra/s ?is op9ion on art z some?+ useful to man ) art z ! ,european sees x1 a m]e freaki% amusem5t4 ,f9ally1 he haz>ds ev]y?+4 ,he takes a "y native girl & makes h] 8 wife1 n )\t qualms ( fe>4 ,all goes well until "o day away f home1 :5 he is out fi%+ ) ! natives4 ,!y laugh at 8 luck4 ,he asks !m :y4 ,because 8 l9e has caught 9 ! l[] jaw ( ! fi% & t is a sign ( a man's wife be+ unfai?ful to him4 ,he returns home1 half-believ+ ! sup]/ition4 ,! native girl prays1 weeps1 asks to be beat54 ,he _c beat h]4 ,he c only =give & und]/&4 ,s ! /ory closes4 ,f su* a /ory1 we %\ld naturally receive ! impression t ,gaugu9's life 9 ,tahiti 0 ideally happy4 ,b 8 lett]s reveal t he 0 ev5 m unhappy !re ?an 9 ,france4 ,s :atev] elem5ts ( fact may be 9 8 /ory1 x is evid5t t !y _c be dis5tangl$ f ! fictional details4 ,x is bett] to take ,noa ,noa altoge!r z a s]ies ( fictiti\s adv5tures1 design$ to br+ out ! fact t ,gaugu9 became1 despite himself1 z ne>ly "o ) ! natives z x is possible = any ,european to be4 ,?us we see1 bit by bit1 ! ,tahitians claim+ him z "o ( _! own1 f ! day t he is =c$ by necessity to accept _! food (f]$ & at fir/ scornfully refus$1 to ! day :5 he f9ds t he %>es _! sup]/itions & ev5 _! easy tol]ance ( m>ital infidelity4 ,if we look at ! /ory 9 ?is light1 x becomes an allegory easily readable1 an allegory ( civilization go+ d[n be=e primitive nature1 express$ 9 a s]ies ( p>ables4 ,un=tunately1 ,gaugu9 suspect$ t ?is /ory w\ld seem too b>e & devoid ( lit]>y *>m if he publi%$ x z x /ood1 & he ask$ ,*>les ,morice to collaborate4 ,morice !reupon wrote a s]ies ( highly florid descriptions & poems1 inspir$ by ,gaugu9's pictures1 9 a /yle /rongly t+$ ) ! influ5ce ( ,/phane ,mall>m4 ,^! poems & descriptions 7 int]calat$ betwe5 ! pages ( ,gaugu9's recital4#a ,! result is t ,noa ,noa conta9s two books2 ! fir/ ,gaugu9's1 ! second1 ,morice's1 & ! read] is liable to be confus$ unless he rememb]s t ! sections by ,gaugu9 are all head$ ,le ,conteur ,p>le1 & t ^! sections =m by !mselves a cont9u\s /ory4 ,morice's contributions c !re=e be disreg>d$4 ,x is p]haps bett] n to discuss :e!r or n ^! contributions add any?+ to ,gaugu9's recital4 ,"s p may ev5 pref] ! gl[ ( ,morice's rhetoric to ! nak$ blaze ( ,gaugu9's poetry4 ,gaugu9 himself philosophically rem>k$ t he wi%$ ,morice's "w to /& beside 81 9 ord] t p might obs]ve ! diff]5ce betwe5 a civiliz$ decad5t & a nave & brutal savage4 ,footnote #a3 ,!y h be5 wisely omitt$ f ! ,engli% translation4 ,,"p ,v3 ,,! ,,fight ,,aga9/ ,,civilization #ahie-aijc ,i ,) ,gaugu9's la/ return to ,tahiti !re op5$ = him ! f9al & mo/ important phase ( 8 life1 ! la/ /& ( ! savage aga9/ encroa*+ civilization4 ,! lett]s t he s5t to de ,monfreid dur+ ?is p]iod are pa9ful read+4 ,!y brea! ! we>y cry ( a man :o kn[s t ,fate's dice are load$ aga9/ him1 ! compla9t ( a w>rior :o realizes t fight+ is useless1 b :o has no *oice b to fight on4 ,= ,gaugu9 0 n[ exhau/$ by ! /ruggle t he _h c>ri$ on s long ) ! _w out-side & )9 himself4 ,! w\nd 9 8 leg1 giv5 him by ! sailors1 _h nev] prop]ly heal$2 "u ! climate ( ,tahiti1 x reop5$4 ,ow+ to ! ra% exposure ( 8 sk9 to ! effects ( tropical light1 bo? legs 7 attack$ by eczema4 ,night aft] night 0 sp5t 9 sleepless pa94 ,to add to 8 tr\bles1 8 eyesight began to fail2 nature 0 tak+ h] rev5ge on him1 0 wreak+ ^u 8 body retribution = ! s9s ( :i* ! :ite race _h be5 guilty 9 _! deal+s ) ! natives4 ,x seem$ to him t ! gods he wor%ip$ _h become 8 enemies4 ,be=e leav+ ,france1 a numb] ( fri5ds _h agre$ to buy 8 pictures1 & assure him a /eady income4 ,^! n[ )drew _! support4 ,he _h leas$ a plot ( gr\nd 9 ord] to build ! h\se ( sculptur$ wood :i* he dream$ (2 ! con/ruction ( ! h\se c>ri$ away 8 rema9+ capital4 ,he 0 ev]y:]e fleec$1 n only by ! ,fr5* coloni/s1 b also by ! natives1 :o 7 gr[+ m & m corrupt e day1 ?anks to ! happy influ5ce ( civilization4 ,ev5 aft] 8 h\se 0 built1 he 0 n all[$ to keep x 9 peace4 ,! own] ( ! gr\nd di$1 leav+ 8 affairs 9 a tangle2 ,gaugu9 0 =c$ to obta9 ano!r plot & to recon/ruct ! h\se1 or see x de/roy$4 ,?is la/ he refus$ to d1 s he 0 =c$1 f9ally1 to borr[ money1 a ?+ he _h nev] done 9 8 life be=e4 ,t[>ds ! end ( #ahig1 8 situation grew ev5 worse4 ,8 eyes1 n[ p]man5tly inflam$1 7 s pa9ful t he c\ld n ev5 t\* a bru%4 ,! tragic portrait ( himself 9 pr(ile1 :i* he s5t ab\t ?is "t to de ,monfreid1 cle>ly reveals ! condition ( 8 eyesight4 ,de ,monfreid _h s5t him colors1 b ^! 7 useless--he c\ld n ev5 ex*ange !m = bread4 ,& to add to all he 0 9 debt1 m & m heavily1 mon? aft] mon?4 ,de ,monfreid wrote him enc\rag+ly1 tri$ to sell 8 pictures1 spoke ( articles1 ( a press campaign on 8 behalf4 ,! answ] 0--,i only desire sil5ce1 sil5ce & aga9 sil5ce4 ,let me die 9 peace1 =gott51 or if ,i ought to live1 let me live 9 peace1 =gott54444 ,:at matt] if ,i am ! pupil ( ,b]n>d or ,srusi]8 ,if ,i h pa9t$ daubs1 :y set out to gild !m1 to deceive p z to _! quality8 ,e>ly 9 #ahih 8 resolution 0 tak54 ,we>y1 exhau/$1 at ! end ( 8 te!r1 he decid$ to meet dea? half-way4 ,he f9i%$ a l>ge picture1 a sort ( /range allegory ( despair1 entitl$ ,d'o v5ons n\s8 ,que sommes n\s8 ,o allons n\s8 & !n took ars5ic4 ,! dose 0 too /rong & only br\ght ab\t t]rible nausea1 :i* recurr$ = "s mon?s aft]w>ds :5ev] he attempt$ to take food4 ,mean:ile 8 cr$itors m5ac$ him ) ! de/ruction ( ! h\se t _h tak5 him s mu* tr\ble to build4 ,9 ord] to obta9 food1 he %ortly aft]w>ds return$ to ,papeete &1 at ! age ( fifty1 took up a position z a %ipp+ cl]k at ! ,bo>d ( ,public ,works1 ) a sal>y ( six francs a day4 ,to su* /raits 0 he r$uc$1 & yet he cont9u$ ! fight4 ,c "o help admir+ 8 t5acity8 ,mean:ile1 ! devot$ de ,monfreid _h be5 busy4 ,he _h enli/$ ! int]e/ ( ,degas1 ( ,voll>d & o!rs1 & _h succe$$ 9 sell+ "s ( ! arti/'s pictures4 ,gaugu9 might n[ h c\nt$ ^u a /eady income1 _h he *os5 to =get pa/ injuries4 ,b ) him1 !re 0 to be no compromise4 ,because ,b]n>d1 ,srusi]1 ,maurice ,d5is _h made 8 !ories popul> & _h ev5 claim$ to h "s influ5ce on 8 developm5t1 he refus$ ei!r to be rank$ ) !m or to exhibit 9 _! company4 ,( c\rse he m]ely made himself m unpopul> 9 ,p>is by su* conduct4 ,b ,gaugu9's p]sonality 0 ( a k9d unable to endure ! society ( second-rate p4 ,he admir$ g5ius :]e he f\nd x1 9 a few solit>ies su* z ,degas1 ,poe1 ,balzac1 & ,mall>m4 ,= ord9>y society1 he pref]r$ ei!r natives or *ildr54 ,nev]!less 8 pictures 7 sold &1 by de ,monfreid's ef=ts1 he f\nd himself out ( debt 9 #ahii & able to return to 8 h\se1 n[ 9 a deplorable /ate ( neglect & decay4 ,?+s seem$ to improve a little1 ?\gh he 0 n[ p]man5tly crippl$ by ! disease ( 8 legs4 ,he set himself once m to pa9t & to plant ! fl[] se$s :i* de ,monfreid _h s5t1 at 8 reque/1 f ,france4 ,ill1 ru9$ 9 heal? & physique1 a victim to drugs1 he w5t onw>d to 8 goal4 ,illu/ration3 ,matamua 7,old5 ,days74 ,,ii ,x is difficult to judge fairly ! next /age 9 ,gaugu9's c>e]1 unless we rememb] t he _h suff]$ s mu* f 8 physical ailm5ts1 f ! complete solitude 9 :i* he f\nd himself & f ! t]rible crisis ( ! previ\s ye>1 t he 0 afflict$ = ! "t be+ ) some?+ closely resembl+ p]secutional mania4 ,he _h be5 driv5 to w> on civilization & he believ$ t "s unkn[n p[] 0 n[ pursu+ him ) its hatr$4 ,9 8 next /age1 we f9d him turn+ ev5 aga9/ ! natives4 ,on 8 return to ,tahiti he _h tak5 a "y native girl ag$ ?irte5-&-a-half = wife1 companion & model4 ,%e _h s]v$ him devot$ly1 _h procur$ him food :5 he 0 unable to walk1 _h nurs$ him 9 8 illness4 ,aft] 8 return to ! h\se f ,papeete1 %e _h resum$ ) him ! old life & _h giv5 bir? to a *ild4 ,n[1 = "s reason or no reason1 ,gaugu9 sudd5ly took x into 8 head t %e _h robb$ him1 & drove h] out4 ,! poor s\l1 h[ev]1 return$ &1 z ! pa9t] 0 by ?is "t a helpless cripple1 he attempt$ to call 9 ! law to en=ce h] removal1 claim+ t h] return 0 a violation ( 8 domicile4 ,( c\rse1 ! law did no?+4 ,?is only fur!r enrag$ ,gaugu94 ,he decid$ to attack ! entire colonial adm9i/ration4 ,s9ce 8 return1 he _h be5 ev]y:]e treat$ by ! ,europeans at ,tahiti z a madman or fool4 ,n[ he w\ld get 8 rev5ge4 ,) ! aid ( a copy+ app>atus he set up & pr9t$ sev]al numb]s ( a pap] call$1 fir/ ,les ,gupes1 & lat] ,le ,s\rire4 ,! cont5ts ( ^! pap]s h be5 pr9t$ & are ! poore/ /uff t ,gaugu9 ev] wrote4 ,b ^! crude gibes at ! gov]nor & at ! colonial adm9i/rations g5]ally1 toge!r ) ! equally crude c>icatures t ,gaugu9 drew ( prom95t p 9 ! colony1 seem to h produc$ a /ir4 ,p began to fe> him at la/2 x 01 = a mom5t1 a triumph4 ,b ,tahiti _h by ?is "t gr[n too civiliz$ to hold him4 ,a railway _h be5 built into ! int]ior2 ! ,prote/ant mission>ies grew e day m p[]ful2 disease & dr9k 7 rapidly c>ry+ (f ! natives4 ,gaugu9 = a "t ?\ght ( turn+ doctor & ev5 wrote to de ,monfreid = m$ic9es4 ,b %ortly he f\nd 8 own ne$ ( m$ic9e z great z t ( any ( ! wret*$ natives4 ,an epidemic ( influ5za /ruck ! isl& & ! pa9t] 0 oblig$ to take to ! hospital1 :]e he _h to pay twelve francs a day4 ,to add to 8 griefs1 ! supply ( food 9 ! isl& became sc>ce & prices ran up to an impossible figure4 ,he>+ t life 9 ! ,m>quesas ,isl&s 0 *eap]1 t ! natives !re 7 physically m unspoilt1 also t ,europeans 7 few & f> betwe51 he decid$ to quit ,tahiti & in/all himself 9 ! isl& ( ,hiva-,hoa or ,dom9ica4 ,he hop$ to f9d !re elem5ts ( a pur] savag]y & to pa9t ) fre% /r5g?4 ,?is hope 0 de/9$ to be realiz$ only 9 "p4 ,gaugu9's art is almo/ entirely associat$ ) ?ree spots1 ,m>t9ique1 ,brittany & ,tahiti4 ,he might h done bett] "w at o!r places1 _h he _h ! "t1 ! opportunity or ! /r5g?4 ,9 ! case ( 8 removal to ! ,m>quesas x 0 ! /r5g? t 0 lack+4 ,traces ( ! exhau/ion ( 8 endurance & ( ! affection ( 8 eyes are to be f\nd ev5 9 8 late/ ,tahitian pictures4 ,ow+ to 8 habit ( dat+ 8 pictures1 we c foll[ ! failure ( 8 p[]4 ,! fir/ ?+s t he pa9t$ aft] 8 return are1 on ! :ole1 sup]ior to ! productions ( #ahia-ic4 ,! ,te ,arii ,vah9e or ,recl9+ ,woman1 ( #ahif is f9] 9 design ev5 ?an ! ,l',esprit ,veille ( #ahib-c4 ,! ,y\? ,betwe5 ,two ,girls1 ,la ,case 7#ahig71 ! beautiful ,nav ,nav ,mahana 7,delightful ,days7 ( #ahif1 ) its feel+ ( a t]re/rial p>adise--^! are ma/]pieces ( _! k9d4 ,b ! portrait ( himself 7#ahig7 already %[s signs ( inability to f9i% & rema9s a sket*1 albeit a p[]ful "o4 ,& ) _m ( ! succe$+ works !re came a great] impati5ce1 a great] c>elessness1 a m hectic & fev]i% lack ( control4 ,! m savage ,gaugu9's "w grew1 ! less became 8 /r5g? to produce x4 ,"o is rem9d$ ( a simil> case to 81 t ( ! ,iri% dramati/1 ,synge4 ,! ,gaugu9 :o s\ght solitude ( f>-(f ,hiva-,hoa 0 n ! ,gaugu9 ( t5 ye>s be=e4 ,he 0 an ext9ct volcano1 a burn$-out crat]4 ,& he 0 de/9$ to f9d only dea? 9 ?is la/ solitude4 ,nev]!less1 be=e dea? came1 8 art atta9$ its f9al summit ( expression4 ,pictures l ! ,jeune ,fille l',ev5tail 7#aijb7 or ! magnific5t ,contes ,b>b>es 7also #aijb7 9 :i* ! ,m>quesas type appe>s1 are ! la/ ^w ( ,gaugu9's gospel ( beauty1 ! revelation ( a new heav5 & e>?4 ,! flame burn$ cle> 9 him j be=e ! close--!n ! %att]$ body yield$ & all 0 d>kness4 ,,iii ,! ,m>quesas ,isl&s are small &1 9 contra/ to ! coral & basaltic =mation ( ,tahiti1 ( volcanic orig94 ,!y lie ab\t a ?\s& miles ne>] to ! equator & ?is makes _! climate m humid & less supportable to :ite m54 ,ow+ to ?is fact1 & to ! fact t !y are out ( ! track ( /eam]s betwe5 ,san ,francisco & ,sydney1 !y h pres]v$ m ( _! unspoilt "*4 ,! natives are said to be ! f9e/ 9 appe>ance ( any ,polynesian peoples4 ,9 di/9ction to ! ,tahitians1 :o are ei!r r$ or olive br[n1 _! sk9 is l>gely ( a cle> gold5 color4 ,9 ?is !y resemble ! ,maories ( ,new ,zeal&1 z 9 ! practice ( face-tattoo+ common among ! males4 ,!y 7 =m]ly great fight]s & f]oci\s cannibals1 z ,h]man ,melville's ,omoo tells u4 ,! fir/ :ite settl]s among/ !m 7 ,fr5* ,roman ,ca?olic mission>ies :o1 by buy+ up mo/ ( ! valuable l&1 by disc\rag+ ! dr9k traffic & by prev5t+ o!r famili> colonial abuses1 h succe$$ 9 pres]v+ ! native /ock fairly well4 ,! ,m>quesas h nev] become ! s9k ( vice & corruption :i* is ,tahiti4 ,x 0 on ! *ief isl& ( ?is gr\p t ,gaugu9 in/all$ himself4 ,8 capital enabl$ him to buy a plot ( gr\nd & to />t con/ruct+ ano!r h\se4 ,?is1 l 8 h\se 9 ,tahiti1 0 ornam5t$ ) bas-reliefs 9 wood & l>ge decorative pa9t+s4 ,9 ! g>d51 /ood a rude clay /atue--a sort ( comb9ation ( a ,buddha & a ,maori idol--"u a canopy4 ,gaugu9 call$ ?is /atue ,te ,atua--! ,god1 & 0 report$ to say 8 pray]s to x e day4 ,on ! base ( ! /atue 7 engrav$ ^! words1 tak5 f ,morice's v]ses 9 ,noa ,noa3 ,! ,gods are dead & ,tahiti dies ( _! dea?1 ,! sun1 :i* once lit ! isles ) flame1 n[ sleeps1 ,a sorr[ful sleep1 ) brief dream wak5+s3 ,n[ ! %ad[ ( regret pi]ces ! eyes ( ,eve1 ,:o p5sively smiles1 gaz+ ^u h] brea/1 ,/]ile gold1 seal$ by "s div9e design4 ,altoge!r 9 ! ,m>quesas1 ,gaugu9 f\nd a great *>m & repose4 ,he seems to h rapidly e/abli%$ a great fri5d%ip ) ! natives & to h look$ ^u himself z be+ a sort ( k+4 ,b 8 heal? 0 s bad t he 0 unable to leave ! h\se & b = "o ,*9ese boy1 he liv$ alone4 ,he ev5 dream$ ( ab&on+ ! ,m>quesas 7n because he 0 we>y ( ! place1 b because he knew 8 /r5g? 0 small7 & seek+ a m favorable climate 9 ,spa91 :]e he ?\ght he might be able to pa9t4 ,except = ! con/ant tr\ble ) 8 heal?1 8 only difficulty 0 ) ! mission>ies4 ,) ! exception ( a few settl]s1 !y 7 ! only :ites on ! isl&s4 ,gaugu9 _h advanc$ 9 savag]y to su* a po9t z to be unable to be> ! pres5ce ( :ite p4 ,he refus$ to see t ! ,ca?olic ,mission>ies _h at lea/ attempt$ to save ! natives f ! worse fate t _h befall5 !m "u ! ,prote/ant ,mission>ies 9 ,tahiti4 ,! insi/5ce ( ! ,ca?olics ^u monogamy1 ^u ,european dress1 ^u mission s*ools & religi\s obs]vances infuriat$ him4 ,he made a /atue ( a nude woman & set x up 9 8 g>d54 ,! ,bi%op prote/$4 ,gaugu9 promptly made a c>icature 9 clay ( ! bi%op1 ) horns on 8 head l ! ,devil1 & set x up fac+ ! /atue4 ,some?+ ( ! old ,go?ic love ( ! grotesque1 some?+1 too1 ( ! typically ,p>isian desire to pat] de b\rgeois rema9$ 9 him to ! la/4 ,b ?is 0 n all4 ,gaugu9 0 n ! sort ( man to end 8 days 9 peace4 ,al?\gh de ,monfreid _h work$ devot$ly1 8 position 9 ,france 0 /ill insecure2 ,voll>d might at any mom5t refuse to take m pictures to sell4 ,! w\nd he _h receiv$ by 8 failure to impress ,p>is 9 #ahic /ill sm>t$4 ,he det]m9$ to write two articles conta9+ 8 op9ions on art1 te*nique1 pa9t+1 life & morality1 9 ord] to conf\nd ! ,p>isian critics4 ,^! articles1 entitl$ ,anecdotes ( an ,appr5tice & ,be=e & ,aft]1 are little m ?an a s]ies ( fev]i%ly jott$ notes4 ,lat]1 ) o!r notes ( a simil> nature1 !y 7 embodi$ 9 a l>ge album entitl$ ,avant et ,aprs1 :i* rema9s ! fulle/ body ( in=mation ab\t ,gaugu9's life & art we possess4 ,! ,m]cure de ,france judg$1 p]haps rightly1 t _! tone 0 too p]sonally viol5t & refus$ to pr9t !m4 ,! o!r old score t he _h to wipe out 0 ) ! ,fr5* colonial adm9i/ration4 ,9 ,tahiti1 he _h f\ght ! gov]nor1 ! law c\rts1 & ! g5d>mes4 ,"h x 0 ! cu/oms (ficials :o r\s$ 8 wra?4 ,two ,am]ican %ips _h rec5tly visit$ ! isl& & a c]ta9 am\nt ( goods _h be5 sold to ! natives1 ?r\gh ! connivance ( ! g5d>mes1 )\t pay+ tax4 ,gaugu9 imm$iately wrote a lett] on ! subject to ! ,adm9i/ration1 /at+ ! facts z he und]/ood !m & prote/+1 on behalf ( ! natives1 aga9/ ! brib]y & corruption ( ! ,cu/oms 9 ?is in/ance4 ,! only reply made 0 a notice f ! law c\rts t ! ,adm9i/ration int5d$ to take /eps aga9/ him = ! dissem9ation ( an untrue /atem5t4 ,gaugu9 appe>$ 9 c\rt1 :]e he 0 promptly condemn$ to prison = ?ree mon?s & to a f9e ( a ?\s& francs4 ,x 0 ru91 b ,gaugu9 det]m9$ to appeal4 ,! tribunal 0 irregul>ly con/itut$ & 8 facts _h be5 prov5 to be 9 "p1 at lea/1 true4 ,he 0 sure ( w9n+ 8 case1 b an appeal necessitat$ a return to ,tahiti & ! co/s ( an attorney1 & 8 capital 0 aga9 runn+ l[4 ,he wrote to de ,montfreid1 begg+ him to f9d a buy] = ?ree pictures1 at ! price ( fifte5 hundr$ francs2 he s5t (f t5 m pictures to ,voll>d4 ,!n he prep>$ to make 8 appeal4 ,dea? surpris$ him sudd5ly & ,paul ,gaugu9's appeal w nev] be he>d 9 ?is _w4 ,a lett] f ! only :ite man1 ! ,prote/ant m9i/] ,v]ni]1 :o knew him1 leaves no d\bt on ! subject ( ! cause ( ,gaugu9's dea?4 ,x 0 n ! eczema ( ! legs1 nor leprosy1 z "s h h9t$1 nor ano!r dose ( ars5ic1 nor syphilis1 t end$ 8 life2 x 0 a simple syncope ( ! he>t4 ,8 en]gy1 ) :i* he _h kept up = s _m ye>s ! /ruggle ) ! _w & out ( :i* he _h drawn s _m beautiful pictures1 0 worn out4 ,! ma*9e slack5$ & /opp$4 ,paul ,gaugu9 di$ on ! #f? ( ,may1 #aijc4 ,a few days be=e 8 dea? he _h writt5 8 la/ lett] to ,*>les ,morice1 ! words ( :i* /ir "o l a trumpet4 ,i am on ! gr\nd b ,i am n beat54 ,! ,indian1 :o smiles :ile he is be+ tortur$1 is n conqu]$4 ,y are mi/ak5 if y meant t ,i am wrong 9 call+ myself a savage4 ,i am a savage1 & ! civiliz$ feel ?is1 = !re is no?+ 9 my "w :i* c\ld produce bewild]m5t save ?is savage /ra9 9 me1 = :i* ,i am n myself responsible4 ,x is !re=e inimitable4 ,e human "w is a revelation ( ! individual4 ,h5ce !re are two k9ds ( beauty2 "o comes f in/9ct1 ! o!r f labor4 ,! union ( ! two1 ) ! modifications result+ !refrom1 produces great & v complicat$ ri*ness4 ,art-criticism has yet to discov] ! fact4444 ,raphael's great sci5ce does n = a mom5t prev5t me f discov]+ ! in/9ct ( ! beautiful z ! ess5tial quality 9 him4 ,raphael 0 born ) beauty4 ,all ! re/ 9 him is modification4 ,physics1 *emi/ry1 & above all ! /udy ( ,nature1 h produc$ an epo* ( confusion 9 art1 & x may be truly said t arti/s robb$ ( all _! savag]y h w&]$ into all k9ds ( pa?s 9 se>* ( ! productive elem5t !y no long] possess4 ,!y n[ act only 9 disord]ly gr\ps & are t]rifi$ if !y f9d !mselves alone4 ,solitude is n to be recomm5d$ to e "o1 = a man mu/ h /r5g? to be> x & to act alone4 ,all ,i h le>nt f o!rs has be5 an imp$im5t to me4 ,x is true ,i "k little1 b :at ,i d "k is my own4 ,yet civilization1 aft] all1 _h ! la/ ^w4 ,! v bi%op1 :om ,gaugu9 9 life _h hat$ & c>icatur$1 int]v5$ :5 he lay cold & lifeless & ! body ( ! pa9t] 0 int]r$ ) full ,ca?olic rites 9 ! cemet]y ( ! ,*ur* at ,atuana4 ,&1 by a conclud+ /roke ( irony1 ! grave 0 left unm>k$4 ,?us "o ( ! greate/ pa9t]s ( ! lat] n9ete5? c5tury1 & "o ( ! brave/ m5 ! _w has ev] se51 m+l$ 8 du/ ) t ( ! humble/ natives1 9 ! same way z ,blake1 "o ( ! greate/ pa9t]s ( ! e>ly n9ete5? c5tury1 _h be5 buri$ be=e him 9 an unm>k$ grave among ! paup]s1 at ,bunhill ,fields4 ,,iv ,! imm5se indu/rial developm5t :i* occurr$ dur+ ! n9ete5? c5tury took place s rapidly & univ]sally1 t no "o 0 able to e/imate its significance or dispassionately to weigh its effects4 ,at ! outset ( ! c5tury ! vital idea t p]vad$ ,europe & ,am]ica 0 ! spiritual idea ( lib]ty & ! rights ( man1 born 9 ! fires ( ! ,fr5* ,revolution4 ,aft] #ahdh ?is idea gradually vani%$1 & ano!r took its place2 ! purely mat]ial idea ( progress4 ,! p]fect$ application ( /eam & ! consequ5t developm5t ( ma*9]y2 ! imm5se tapp+ ( ! _w's res\rces ( coal1 metals1 agricultural products2 ! equally imm5se1 univ]sal exploitation ( human ef=t necess>y to develop ^! res\rces to _! maximum2 ! creation ( an int]national f9ance1 re/+ ^u va/ ho>ds ( weal? 9 ! h&s ( a limit$ few1 ^: _w-wide int]e/s 7 l9k$ toge!r by railways1 /eam%ip l9es1 telegraphs1 telephones2 ! ord]$ regim5t+ ( mank9d into a small capitali/ class1 invisibly controll+ ! old1 decay$ ari/ocracy1 ! (ficial *ur*1 ! ma*9]y ( ! law2 a l>g] middle class1 dep5d5t ^u & subs]vi5t to ! capitali/s2 & an imm5se labor+ class1 exploit$ 9 ! int]e/s ( ! two prec$+ classes3 all ^! 7 virtually ! creation ( a s+le c5tury4 ,aga9/ ?is ov]:elm+ flood ( *ange1 a few exceptionally gift$ m5 vaguely prote/$1 affirm+ ! great] value ( human life ov] me*anical inv5tion2 ma9ta9+ ! antique dignity ( man4 ,_! prote/ 0 incoh]5t1 individuali/ic4 ,^! m5 7 l brok5 & scatt]$ fragm5ts ( dykes1 /ill unsubm]g$ & /riv+ to hold back ! wat]s ( a flood4 ,among !m mu/ be rank$ ! arti/ ^: life-/ory ,i h writt54 ,all t is vital & valuable 9 ,fr5* pa9t+ ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 s9ce ,+res1 spr+s directly f ! en?usiasm & spiritual en]gy ( ! ,fr5* ,revolution4 ,! somb] fury ( ,delacroix1 ! colossal c>icature ( ,daumi]2 ! peasant art ( ,millet2 ! sane realism ( ,c\rbet2 ! mordant irony ( ,degas & ,=a92 ev5 ! feel+ = nature & ! op5 air :i* ! ,impressioni/s gave u1 all repres5t phases ( humanity's vague & enorm\s hung] = p]sonal fre$om1 = human lib]ty & developm5t4 ,:5 ,gaugu9 arriv$ on ! sc5e1 ! reaction 0 already tak+ place4 ,! (ficial1 academic pa9t]s 7 m]ely r++ ! *anges ^u a /ock ( outworn =mulas4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! ,impressioni/s 7 /riv+ to r5d] nature sci5tifically1 unemotionally4 ,nature 0 becom+ to !m no long] ! "m & nurse ( man b a collection ( *emical =mulas = soil1 air1 sunlight4 ,only ,puvis de ,*avannes rema9$1 alo( & misund]/ood1 pa9t+ great decorations t seem$ b ! remembrance ( "s gold5 age ( ! pa/1 & easel pictures ( a pr(\nd1 hopeless pessimism4 ,gaugu9 began to pa9t1 & ! prote/ aga9/ sci5ce1 aga9/ mat]ialism1 aga9/ unemotional vision began4 ,at ! outset he attempt$ to foll[ ! sci5tific =mulas ( ! ,impressioni/s4 ,b1 by ! pure/ in/9ct he discov]$1 z ,czanne _h already discov]$1 t ! s5sation ( light c\ld n be pa9t$1 c\ld only be r5d]$ 9 color4 ,& he also discov]$ 7?is "t ! discov]y came f ,puvis de ,*avannes7 t ! s5sation ( =m c\ld n be pa9t$ ei!r--t out ( ! v>iety ( %ift+ =ms (f]$ to u by nature1 ! arti/ mu/ select ^? mo/ significant to him & t ev5 ^! mu/ be transpos$1 alt]$1 acc5tuat$ or suppress$ to suit ! h>mony ( ! composition4 ,?us unconsci\sly1 almo/ )\t volition on 8 "p1 he 0 l$ to und]/& t ! ,primitives ev]y:]e 7 ! truly great arti/s1 s9ce !y express$ great human emotions ab\t man & nature1 )\t tr\bl+ :e!r _! vision 0 or 0 n exact4 ,& s he f\ght1 bitt]ly1 savagely1 = ! actual re/oration ( primitive art & life2 = ! cause ( natural humanity aga9/ ! cause ( me*anical1 dehumaniz$ effici5cy4 ,unless we realize ?is fact1 we h n grasp$ ! key1 ei!r to 8 art or to 8 life4 ,gaugu9 himself admitt$ t 8 pa9t+ 0 only a fragm5t>y indication1 an unrealiz$ promise ( an unaccompli%$ _w4 ,& he may h _h k also ( ! fundam5tal discord & disord] ( 8 own life1 b h despair$ ( ev] atta9+ to h>mony ) himself4 ,at lea/ ! c>icature ( himself 9 ,contes ,b>b>es is "h to rem9d u t he 0 n altoge!r ! spoil$ *ild t "s imag9e him to be4 ,hav+ bo? ! _w & himself to /ruggle aga9/1 he at lea/ det]m9$ t 8 pictorial "w %\ld repres5t ! be/ "p ( 8 p]sonality1 ev5 if 8 life prov$ only to be1 z he said 9 8 la/ lett] to de ,montfreid1 a d[nfall foll[$ by an attempt to rise1 foll[$ by ano!r d[nfall4 ,& s 9 8 pictures we realize ! tru? ( ! rem>k made by ,van ,gogh aft] ! disa/] t p>t$ !m3 ,gaugu9 made "o feel t a good picture %\ld be ! equival5t ( a good action4 ,& inde$ x is s4 ,e arti/ c>ries ^u 8 %\ld]s a pr(\nd moral responsibility4 ,?is responsibility is n1 z suppos$1 ! duty ( tea*+ u to con=m to ! mod]n (ficial di/ortion ( ,*ri/ian e?ics1 by :i* we are rul$4 ,x is n ! duty ( uphold+ a sy/em ( negations1 ( prohibitions1 ( compromises1 /rik+ at ! v roots ( life4 ,x is a f> nobl]1 f> m difficult task4 ,! duty ( ! arti/ is to affirm ! dignity ( life1 ! value ( humanity1 despite ! morbid prejudices ( ,puritanism1 ! timid conv5tionality ( ! mob1 despite ev5 8 own k ( ! insoluble riddle ( suff]+1 decay & dea?4 ,?is duty ,gaugu9 9 8 art /rove to accompli%4 ,he affirm$ 8 fai? 9 man & 9 ! sc5e ( man's labor1 ! e>?4 ,czanne1 p]haps a m accompli%$ pa9t]1 end[$ p]haps ) a deep] respect = nature & = ! /yle ( ! great pa9t]s ( ! pa/1 %rank f mak+ ,gaugu9's affirmation4 ,he accept$ 9 8 own life a compromise2 9 8 art he ru?lessly elim9at$ ! role ( ! creative & int]pretive imag9ation4 ,& !n1 t[>ds ! end ( 8 life1 ,czanne compla9$ t ,gaugu9 _h vulg>iz$ him4 ,gaugu9 has n und]/ood me2 nev] w ,i accept ! lack ( gradation & ( tone2 x's nons5se4 ,x w\ld h be5 bett] = ,czanne to h said t he c\ld n1 d>$ n und]/& ,gaugu94 ,nor is ?is all t ,gaugu9 accompli%$4 ,he re/or$ pa9t+ to its prop] place 9 ! ord]$ hi]>*y ( ! arts4 ,he %[$ u t its place is betwe5 ar*itecture & music1 & t sculpture is its tw9 si/]4 ,he 0 ! fir/ man to suspect t ! progress ( ! sci5tific _s among ! ,greeks _h produc$ ! same effects 9 disassociat+ & de/roy+ ! arts1 z has ! progress ( ! sci5tific _s 9 ! pres5t day4 ,he believ$1 & con/antly affirm$1 t pa9t+ 0 ent]+ ^u a new musical phase & he built up 8 pictures on a def9ite scale ( color h>monies1 z well z ^u ! *os5 ar*itectural proportions ( =m1 :i*1 :e!r giv5 by p]spective or n1 seem$ to him necess>y4 ,?us he reconcil$ ! ,v5etians & ! ,primitives1 & %[$ t ! goal ( bo? =m & color is decoration4 ,william ,blake might p]haps h admir$ ?is rude artisan1 :o pa9t$ 8 dream ( a gold5 age 9 8 own way1 :o /eadfa/ly /rove to grasp ! ess5tial tru? 9 e tradition3 ,egyptian1 ,cambodian1 ,p]sian1 ,*9ese1 ,go?ic1 ,greek & ,r5aissance4 ,b ,gaugu9 c\ld nev]1 _h he kn[n ( ,blake1 h p>don$ 9 him ! ultimate ascetic negation1 ! contemptu\s d5ial ( e>?l9ess1 ( ! delusions ( ! goddess ,nature4 ,9 ,gaugu91 ! _s nev] conqu]$ ! fle%1 & he rema9$ to ! end1 a man4 ,blake 0 possibly ! great] vision>y3 ,gaugu9 is c]ta9ly ! bett] /one on :i* to build4 ,v ,aft] ,gaugu9's dea?1 8 art rapidly became almo/ =gott5 9 ,france4 ,he rem>k$ himself t[>ds ! end ( 8 life t !re 7 n fifty ( 8 pictures 9 t c\ntry4 ,ev5 ! few !re are1 hang 9 scatt]$ private collections1 ea* conta9+ "o or at mo/ ?ree or f\r4 ,! great bulk ( 8 "w is 9 ,g]many1 ,sc&9avia & ,russia4 ,x prov$ impossible ev5 9 #aiaa to raise suffici5t money to buy ,l',esprit ,veille = ! ,l\vre4 ,x is greatly to be regrett$ t no museum or collection has be5 able to assemble a consid]able quantity ( 8 "w4 ,gaugu9 01 above all ?+s1 a decorator1 & half a doz5 ( 8 pictures make a great] effect ?an "o4 ,"o does n judge ,puvis de ,*avannes1 ano!r decorator1 solely by 8 easel pictures1 b by ! great decorative s*emes 9 ,p>is1 at ,ami5s & 9 ,bo/on4 ,?is rem>k applies equally to o!r decorators1 su* z ,raphael1 ,mi*elangelo1 ,t9toretto & ,v]onese4 ,a room hung ) tw5ty ,gaugu9s w\ld produce an imm5se effect ( monum5tal p[]4 ,t su* a room exi/s 9 ,mosc[ c be small consolation to ,we/]n ,europeans at pres5t4 ,8 pupils & foll[]s ei!r plodd$ along unimag9atively1 l ,srusi]1 or drift$ (f into academicism1 l ,b]n>d1 or wat]$ d[n _! te*nique into ! ta/eless picture-book & /age-co/ume decoration ( ,maurice ,d5is4 ,none ( !m seiz$ ,gaugu9's secret ( rema9+ simple1 direct & savage4 ,ari/ide ,maillol is an honorable exception4 ,a sculptor & tape/ry design]1 he 0 able to "w ^u ! indications t ,gaugu9 _h left = ! guidance ( ^! bran*es & to %[ u1 9 "p at lea/1 h[ !y might be realiz$4 ,! ma9 /ream ( ,fr5* art simply ignor$ ,gaugu94 ,in/ead ( mak+ ) him a bold leap backw>ds to ! orig9s ( all tradition1 x w5t =w>d to ev5 m sci5tific & unemotional essays 9 pa9t+4 ,! ,neo-,impressioni/s ) _! spots ( complem5t>y colors 7 foll[$ by disciples ( ,czanne1 :o s\ght to r$uce all =ms to c]ta9 geometrical prim>ies1 bas+ _! doctr9e on c]ta9 words :i* ! ma/] ( ,aix _h let fall conc]n+ ! simplification ( =m4 ,out ( ^! em]g$ ,matisse1 ^: art became1 ?r\gh a m & m ru?less elim9ation ( model+1 ?r\gh a m & m arbitr>y plac+ ( colors1 an ab/raction1 an utt]ly unemotional s]ies ( hi]oglyphs4 ,!n ,picasso came ^u ! sc5e1 elim9at$ color altoge!r & began to pa9t ! ab/ract geometry ( =m4 ,! ,cubi/s foll[$ ,picasso4 ,! ,futuri/s 9 _! turn />t$ ano!r k9d ( ab/ract pa9t+1 ! pa9t+ ( me*anical en]gy1 ! dynamism lat5t 9 =m4 ,! ,expressioni/s1 mean:ile1 held to ,van ,gogh's & ,gaugu9's idea t ! picture mu/ repres5t "s emotion1 b !y d5i$ ,gaugu9's coroll>y t "s =m d]iv$ f nature 0 necess>y to transpose ?is emotion into its pictorial equival5t4 ,consequ5tly !y elim9at$ =m & /rove to pa9t ab/ract emotion4 ,f9ally1 ! ,vortici/s comb9$ ,futurism & ,expressionism into a s+le :ole & pa9t$ ! ab/raction ( an ab/raction--! emotion ( dynamic en]gy1 ?us decl>+ pa9t+ to be an absolute-?+-9-itself1 an art utt]ly innoc5t ( any illu/rative purpose :atsoev]4 ,! motives ( all ^! confus$ art movem5ts1 p]plex+ & app>5tly 9-congru\s1 7 id5tical4 ,!y 7 all actuat$ by a mania = sci5tific discov]y1 a desire to analyze ph5om5a until ! reality beh9d ph5om5a c\ld be f\nd4 ,! physici/s1 *emi/s1 philosoph]s _h prov5 t ! _w ( appe>ances 0 n ! real _w--t ev]y?+ t exi/$ 0 m]ely a "q ( ions & electrons1 ( radiant or non-radiant en]gy1 or p]haps ( ela/icity & inela/icity4 ,^! "y art revolution>ies1 :o gave !mselves s _m que] labels1 7 n1 z _m suppos$1 ei!r ins9c]e or insane4 ,!y 7 m]ely smitt5 ) ! desire to make pa9t+--& n only pa9t+1 b ev5 o!r arts z well--a bran* ( ab/ract sci5ce4 ,! _w ( ph5om5a _h be5 prov$ to be an illusion1 mak+ "s ab/ract concept4 ,!re=e !y /rove to pa9t1 n :at seem$ to !m unreal1 b _! absolute conceptions4 ,?is new metaphysic1 ?is new attempt at absolute realism1 ?is f9al developm5t ( s*ola/ic art-dogma1 z n>r[ & s\l-de/roy+ 9 its way z ! rules = pa9t+ religi\s ikons1 evolv$ & practic$ = c5turies by ! ,byzant9e monks ( ,m\nt ,a?os1 0 rapidly conqu]+ ! :ole field ( aft :5 ! pa/ w> broke out4 ,nor has ! w> altoge!r suppress$ its manife/ations4 ,! enorm\s de/ruction ( human life1 ( nature1 ( art1 9 ! pa/ w> has be5 altoge!r out ( proportion to ! milit>y results a*iev$ by ei!r side4 ,h[ev] true x may be to hold ! ,g]mans z prim>ily responsible = ?is de/ruction1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 yet x rema9s true t none ( ! cont5d+ =ces c escape responsibility = ! lat] developm5ts ( ! /ruggle4 ,ap>t f ,g]many's und5iable guilt 9 />t+ ! w>1 civilization z a :ole mu/ answ] = ! horror ( its me?od4 ,a piece ( heavy artill]y is equally de/ructive1 :e!r x be ca/ at ,ess5 or at ,le ,creusot2 a ,caproni a]oplane c c>ry z _m bombs z a ,go?a2 ! subm>9e 0 fir/ employ$ 9 w> by ! ,am]icans2 ! ma*9e gun is an ,engli% inv5tion4 ,= all ^! devices ( de/ruction we ( ! tw5tie? c5tury1 ) our belief 9 purely mat]ial progress1 /& guilty to-day2 & ! blood ( our guilt has r$d5$ e>? already = ov] f\r ye>s & may cont9ue to d s = _m g5]ations to come4 ,! pa/ w> be=e x came to an end _h long ceas$ to be a conte/ betwe5 national ideals & _h become a /ruggle betwe5 man & an inhuman1 sci5tific1 organiz$ ma*9e4 ,& ! ma*9e 0 victori\s4 ,j z ! sci5tific _s1 conqu]+ art be=e ! w>1 l$ to ! extravagances ( ,cubism & ,vorticism s1 s9ce ! w>1 x has attack$ life itself2 & made ( national exi/5ce1 no long] a problem ( human brav]y1 res\rce & intellig5ce1 b m]ely a problem ( relative man-p[] & munitions4 ,we h le>n$ to speak ( man-p[] z our books on physics speak ( horse-p[]4 ,! task we1 9 ! w>1 set ourselves 0 a grisly p>adox2 we propos$ to save civilization1 to undo a great wrong1 by de/roy+ ! v basis ( human life on :i* all civilization /&s4 ,x is !re=e ) a s5se ( lib]ation t we n[ turn back to a few arti/s :o1 9 ! eighte5? & n9ete5? c5turies1 =esaw t mat]ial progress w\ld end 9 annihilat+ humanity1 t nature & humanity1 h& 9 h&1 are m sacr$ ?an all ! %ells t c\ld ev] be produc$1 ! guns t c\ld ev] be m\nt$ or ! laws t c\ld ev] be writt54 ,) a s5se ( spiritual release we rev]t to ^? :o dream$ ( ! great return to nature--to ,r\sseau1 ,:itman1 ,gaugu91 z well z to o!rs :o1 al?\gh p]haps less] m5 ?an !y1 foll[$ 9 _! pa?--,david ,?oreau1 ,ri*>d ,jeff]ies4 ,!y 7 ! prophets ( ! new gospel t mu/ "s day prevail--! gospel t w set humanity above mat]ial progress & nature above /hetic negation4 ,_! vision 0 ( some?+ n 9 !mselves b ( some?+ high] & nobl]1 z ,gaugu9 knew :5 he delib]ately c>icatur$ himself 9 ,contes ,b>b>es4 ,z he knew also1 ! vision 0 ( some?+ /at$ only fragm5t>ily1 inscrib$ z a promise1 a =eta/e1 an indication ( :at might be4 ,9 ,r\sseau's prose1 9 ,:itman's poetry & 9 ,gaugu9's pa9t+ we see ! only gleam ( hope = self-tortur$ humanity1 & ! promise ( a l& :]e nature & man are "o & :]e reigns a peace t passes all und]/&+4 ,,bibliography ,,( ,,works ,,consult$ ,,works ,,( ,,biography3 #a4 ,paul ,gaugu9 p> ,jean de ,roton*amp1 ,imprim ,weim> p> les ,so9s du ,comte de ,kessl] et se ,tr\ve ,p>is1 *ez ,ed\>d ,druet1 ,rue de ,faub\rg ,sa9t ,honor1 ,no4 #aad4 #aijf4 ,edition limit$ to #bej copies4 #b4 ,gaugu91 by ,*>les ,morice4 ,fl\ry1 ,p>is1 #aiai4 ,?is & ! prec$+ "w are ! /&>d s\rces ( ,gaugu9's life4 #c4 ,lettres de ,paul ,gaugu9 ,*>les ,daniel de ,monfreid4 ,p>is1 ,cres1 #aiai4 #d4 ,:ite ,%ad[s 9 ! ,s\? ,seas1 by ,fr$]ick ,o',bri54 ,new ,york1 ,! ,c5tury ,co41 #aibj4 ,a travel book1 ) a few new sidelights on ,gaugu9's f9al p]iod4 #e4 ,avant et ,aprs4 ,paul ,gaugu9 aux ,m>quises4 #aijc4 #ajj copies only publi%$ 9 photo-reproduction f ! orig9al manuscript4 ,a translation into ,g]man has also appe>$4 ,kurt ,wolf ,v]lag1 ,b]l91 #aibj4 ,,works ,,( ,,art ,,criticism ,,9 ,,engli%3 #a4 ,mod]n ,pa9t+1 by ,will>d ,hunt+don ,wright4 ,new ,york1 ,! ,john ,lane ,company4