,,! ,,works ,,( ,,rob]t ,g4 ,,+]soll    
,by ,rob]t ,g4 ,+]soll  ,,my ,,cre$ ,,is
 ,,?is3 ,,happ9ess ,,is ,,! ,,only      
,,good4 ,,! ,,place ,,to ,,be ,,happy   
,,is ,,"h4 ,,! ,,"t ,,to ,,be ,,happy   
,,is ,,n[4 ,,! ,,way ,,to ,,be ,,happy  
,,is ,,to ,,help ,,make ,,o!rs ,,s4  ,,9
 ,,twelve ,,volumes1 ,,volume ,,xii4    
,,miscellany  #aijj   ,dresd5 ,edition  
,,pr(4 ,,van ,,bur5 ,,d5sl[',s ,,mod]n  
,,?9k]s4   ,,if o!rs :o read ?is book   
get z mu* in=mation z ,i did f ! advance
 %eets1 !y w feel repaid a hundr$ times4
 ,x is p]fectly delightful to take      
advantage ( ! consci5ti\s labors ( ^? :o
 g ?r\gh & ?r\gh volume aft] volume1    
divide ) inf9ite pati5ce ! gold f !     
dross1 & pres5t u ) ! pure & %9+ co94   
,su* m5 may be lik5$ to bees :o save u  
numb]less j\rneys by giv+ u ! fruit ( _!
 own4  ,:ile ?is book w greatly add to !
 in=mation ( all :o read x1 x may n     
increase ! happ9ess ( "s to f9d t       
,sw$5borg 0 really insane4 ,b :5 !y     
rememb] t he 0 rais$ by a bi%op1 &      

disappo9t$ 9 love1 !y w cease to wond]  
at 8 m5tal condition4 ,c]ta9ly an       
admixture ( !ology & dis-priz$ love is  
(t5 suffici5t to compel reason to       
abdicate ! ?rone ( ! mightie/ s\l4  ,!  
tr\ble ) ,sw$5borg 0 t he *ang$         
realities into dreams1 & !n out ( !     
dreams made facts ^u :i* he built1 & )  
:i* he con/ruct$ 8 sy/em4  ,he reg>d$   
all realities z %ad[s ca/ by ideas4 ,to 
him ! mat]ial 0 ! unreal1 & ?+s 7       
def9itions ( ! ideas ( ,god4 ,he seem$  
to ?9k t he _h made a discov]y :5 he    
f\nd t ideas 7 back ( words1 & t        
language _h a subjective z well z an    
objective orig92 t is t ! int]ior mean+ 
_h be5 clo!d ^u4 ,( c\rse1 a man capable
 ( draw+ ! conclusion t natural reason  
_c h>monize ) spiritual tru? because 9 a
 dream1 he _h se5 a beetle t c\ld n use 
its feet1 is capable ( any absurdity (  
:i* ! imag9ation c conceive4 ,! fact is1
 t ,sw$5borg believ$ ! ,bible4 ,t 0 8   
mis=tune4 ,8 m9d _h be5 ov]p[]$ by !    
bi%op1 b ! woman _h n utt]ly de/roy$ 8  

he>t4 ,he 0 %ock$ by ! lib]al           
int]pretation ( ! ,scriptures1 & s\ght  
to avoid ! difficulty by giv+ new mean+s
 consi/5t ) ! dec5cy & goodness ( ,god4 
,he po9t$ out a way to pres]ve ! old    
,bible ) a new int]pretation4 ,9 ?is way
 ,infidelity c\ld be avoid$2 &1 9 8 day1
 t 0 almo/ a necessity4 ,_h ,sw$5borg   
tak5 ! gr\nd t ! ,bible 0 n inspir$1 !  
e>s ( ! _w w\ld h be5 /opp$4 ,8 read]s  
believ$ 9 ! dogma ( inspiration1 & ask$1
 n h[ to de/roy ! ,scriptures1 b = "s   
way 9 :i* !y might be pres]v$4 ,he & 8  
foll[]s unconsci\sly r5d]$ imm5se s]vice
 to ! cause ( intellectual enfran*isem5t
 by _! ef=ts to %[ ! necessity ( giv+   
new mean+s to ! b>b>\s laws1 & cruel    
ord]s ( ,jehovah4 ,= ?is purpose !y     
attack$ ) great fury ! lit]al text1 tak+
 ! gr\nd t if ! old int]pretation 0 "r1 
! ,bible 0 ! "w ( savage m54 ,!y        
height5$ 9 e way ! absurdities1         
cruelties & contradictions ( !          
,scriptures = ! purpose ( %[+ t a new   
int]pretation mu/ be f\nd1 & t ! way    

po9t$ out by ,sw$5borg 0 ! only "o by   
:i* ! ,bible c\ld be sav$4  ,great m5   
are1 aft] all ! in/rum5talities ( _! "t4
 ,! he>t ( ! civiliz$ _w 0 beg9n+ to    
revolt at ! cruelties ascrib$ to ,god1 &
 0 seek+ = "s int]pretation ( ! ,bible t
 k9d & lov+ p c\ld accept4 ,! me?od (   
int]pretation f\nd by ,sw$5borg 0       
suitable = all4 ,ea* 0 p]mitt$ to       
con/ruct 8 own sci5ce ( correspond5ce & 
ga!r su* fruits z he might pref]4 ,9 ?is
 way ! rav+s ( rev5ge c in/antly be     
*ang$ to m]cy's melt+ tones1 & murd]'s  
dagg] to a smile ( love4 ,9 ?is way & 9 
no o!r1 c we expla9 ! numb]less mi/akes 
& crimes ascrib$ to ,god4 ,?\s&s ( mo/  
excell5t p1 afraid to ?r[ away ! idea ( 
inspiration1 hail$ ) joy a discov]y t   
all[$ !m to write a ,bible = !mselves4  
,b1 :e!r ,sw$5borg 0 "r or n1 e man :o  
reads a book1 necess>ily gets f t book  
all t he is capable ( receiv+4 ,e man :o
 walks 9 ! =e/1 or ga!rs a fl[]1 or     
looks at a picture1 or /&s by ! sea1    
gets all ! intellectual weal? he is     

capable ( receiv+4 ,:at ! =e/1 ! fl[]1 !
 picture or ! sea is to him1 dep5ds ^u 8
 m9d1 & ^u ! /age ( developm5t he has   
rea*$4 ,s t aft] all1 ! ,bible mu/ be a 
diff]5t book to ea* p]son :o reads x1 z 
! revelations ( nature dep5d ^u !       
individual to :om !y are reveal$1 or by 
:om !y are discov]$4 ,& ! ext5t ( !     
revelation or discov]y dep5ds absolutely
 ^u ! intellectual & moral developm5t ( 
! p]son to :om1 or by :om1 ! revelation 
or discov]y is made4 ,s t ! ,bible _c be
 ! same to any two p1 b ea* "o mu/      
necess>ily int]pret x = himself4 ,n[1 ! 
mom5t ! doctr9e is e/abli%$ t we c give 
to ?is book su* mean+s z are consi/5t ) 
our highe/ ideals2 t we c treat ! old   
words z purses or old /ock+s 9 :i* to   
put our gold1 !n1 ea* "o w1 9 effect1   
make a new inspir$ ,bible = himself1 &  
?r[ ! old away4 ,if 8 m9d is n>r[1 if he
 has be5 rais$ by ignorance & nurs$ by  
fe>1 he w believe 9 ! lit]al tru? ( :at 
he reads4 ,if he has a little c\rage he 
w d\bt1 & ! d\bt w ) new int]pretations 

modify ! lit]al text2 b if 8 s\l is free
 he w ) scorn reject x all4  ,sw$5borg  
did "o ?+ = :i* ,i feel almo/ grateful4 
,he gave an acc\nt ( hav+ met ,john     
,calv9 9 hell4 ,no?+ connect$ ) !       
sup]natural c\ld be m p]fectly natural  
?an ?is4 ,! only ?+ detract+ f ! value (
 ?is report is1 t if !re is a hell1 we  
"k )\t visit+ ! place t ,john ,calv9 mu/
 be !re4  ,all hone/ f\nd]s ( religions 
h be5 ! dream]s ( dreams1 ! sport (     
insanity1 ! prey ( visions1 ! deceiv]s (
 o!rs & ( !mselves4 ,all w admit t      
,sw$5borg 0 a man ( great intellect1 (  
va/ acquirem5ts & ( hone/ int5tions2 &  
,i ?9k x equally cle> t ^u "o subject1  
at lea/1 8 m9d 0 t\*$1 %att]$ & %ak54   
,misl$ by analogies1 impos$ ^u by !     
bi%op1 deceiv$ by ! woman1 borne to o!r 
worlds ^u ! w+s ( dreams1 liv+ 9 !      
twilight ( reason & ! dawn ( insanity1  
he reg>d$ e fact z a pat*$ & ragg$ g>m5t
 ) a l9+ ( ! co/lie/ silk1 & insi/$ t ! 
wrong side1 ev5 ( ! silk1 0 f> m        
beautiful ?an ! "r4  ,h]b]t ,sp5c] is   

almo/ ! opposite ( ,sw$5borg4 ,he relies
 ^u evid5ce1 ^u demon/ration1 ^u        
exp]i5ce1 & occupies himself ) "o _w at 
a "t4 ,he p]ceives t !re is a m5tal     
horizon t we _c pi]ce1 & t beyond t is !
 unkn[n--possibly ! unkn[able4 ,he      
endeavors to exam9e only t :i* is       
capable ( be+ exam9$1 & consid]s !      
!ological me?od z n only useless1 b     
hurtful4 ,aft] all1 ,god is b a guess1  
?ron$ & e/abli%$ by arrogance &         
ass]tion4 ,turn+ 8 att5tion to ^? ?+s t 
h 9 "s way affect$ ! condition ( mank9d1
 ,sp5c] leaves ! unkn[able to prie/s &  
to ! believ]s 9 ! moral gov]nm5t ( ! _w4
 ,he sees only natural causes & natural 
results1 & seeks to induce man to give  
up gaz+ into void & empty space1 t he   
may give 8 entire att5tion to ! _w 9 :i*
 he lives4 ,he sees t "r & wrong d n    
dep5d ^u ! arbitr>y w ( ev5 an inf9ite  
be+1 b ^u ! nature ( ?+s2 t !y are      
relations1 n entities1 & t !y _c exi/1 s
 f> z we "k1 ap>t f human exp]i5ce4  ,x 
may be t m5 w f9ally see t selfi%ness & 

self-sacrifice are bo? mi/akes2 t ! fir/
 dev\rs itself2 t ! second is n dem&$ by
 ! good1 & t ! bad are unwor?y ( x4 ,x  
may be t our race has nev] be51 & nev] w
 be1 des]v+ ( a m>tyr4 ,sometime we may 
see t ju/ice is ! highe/ possible =m (  
m]cy & love1 & t all %\ld n only be     
all[$1 b compell$ to reap exactly :at !y
 s[2 t indu/ry %\ld n support idl5ess1 &
 t !y :o wa/e ! spr+ & summ] & autumn ( 
_! lives %\ld be> ! w9t] :5 x comes4 ,! 
=tunate %\ld assi/ ! victims ( accid5t2 
! /rong %\ld def5d ! weak1 & !          
intellectual %\ld lead1 ) lov+ h&s1 !   
m5tal poor2 b ,ju/ice %\ld remove !     
b&age f h] eyes long en\gh to di/+ui%   
betwe5 ! vici\s & ! un=tunate4  ,mr4    
,sp5c] is wise en\gh to decl>e t acts   
are call$ good or bad accord+ z !y are  
well or ill adju/$ to ends2 & he might h
 add$1 t ends are good or bad accord+ z 
!y affect ! happ9ess ( mank9d4  ,x w\ld 
be h>d to ov]-e/imate ! influ5ce ( ?is  
great man4 ,f an imm5se intellectual    
elevation he has survey$ ! _w ( ?\ght4  

,he has r5d]$ absurd ! idea ( special   
provid5ce1 born ( ! egotism ( savag]y4  
,he has %[n t ! w ( ,god is n a rule =  
human conduct2 t morality is n a cold & 
he>tless tyrant2 t by ! de/ruction ( !  
individual w1 a high] life _c be rea*$1 
& t aft] all1 an intellig5t love ( self 
ext5ds ! h& ( help & k9dness to all !   
human race4  ,b _h x n be5 = su* m5 z   
,?omas ,pa9e1 ,h]b]t ,sp5c] c\ld n h    
exi/$ = a c5tury to come4 ,"s "o _h to  
lead ! way1 to raise ! /&>d ( revolt1 & 
draw ! sword ( w>4 ,?omas ,pa9e 0 a     
natural revolutioni/4 ,he 0 oppos$ to e 
gov]nm5t exi/+ 9 8 day4 ,next to        
e/abli%+ a wise & j republic bas$ ^u !  
equal rights ( man1 ! be/ ?+ t c be done
 is to de/roy a mon>*y4  ,pa9e _h a s5se
 ( ju/ice1 & _h imag9ation en\gh to put 
himself 9 ! place ( ! oppress$4 ,he _h1 
also1 :at 9 ^! pages is s felicit\sly   
express$1 a haughty intellectual pride1 
& a will+ness to pit 8 individual ?\ght 
aga9/ ! clamor ( a _w4  ,i _c believe t 
he wrote ! lett]s ( ,junius1 al?\gh !   

two critiques comb9$ 9 ?is volume1      
entitl$ ,pa9e & ,junius1 make by f> !   
be/ argum5t ^u t subject ,i h ev] read4 
,fir/1 ,pa9e c\ld h _h no p]sonal hatr$ 
aga9/ ! m5 s bitt]ly assail$ by ,junius4
 ,second1 ,he knew1 at t "t1 b little ( 
,engli% politicians1 & c]ta9ly _h nev]  
associat$ ) m5 occupy+ ! highe/         
positions1 & c\ld n h be5 p]sonally     
acqua9t$ ) ! lead+ /atesm5 ( ,engl&4    
,?ird41 ,he 0 n an unju/ man4 ,he 0     
nei!r a c[>d1 a calumniator1 nor a      
sneak4 ,all ^! delightful qualities mu/ 
h lov+ly unit$ 9 ! "* ( ,junius4 ,f\r?1 
,pa9e c\ld h _h no reason = keep+ !     
secret aft] com+ to ,am]ica4  ,i h      
always believ$ t ,junius1 aft] hav+     
writt5 8 lett]s1 accept$ (fice f ! v m5 
he _h malign$1 & at la/ became a p5sion]
 ( ! victims ( 8 sl&]4 ,_h he z _m m\?s 
z ,hydra1 su* a c\rse mu/ h clos$ !m    
all4 ,c]ta9ly ! au?or mu/ h kept !      
secret to prev5t ! loss ( 8 reputation4 
,x _c be d5i$ t ! /yle ( ,junius is mu* 
l t ( ,pa9e4 ,%\ld x be e/abli%$ t ,pa9e

 wrote ! lett]s ( ,junius1 x w\ld n1 9  
my judgm5t1 add to 8 reputation z a     
writ]4 ,reg>d$ z lit]>y ef=ts !y _c be  
comp>$ ) ,common ,s5se1 ,! ,crisis1 or  
,! ,rights ( ,man4  ,! claim t ,pa9e 0 !
 real au?or ( ! ,decl>ation (           
,indep5d5ce is mu* bett] f\nd$4 ,i am   
incl9$ to ?9k t he actually wrote x2 b  
:e!r ?is is true or n1 e idea conta9$ 9 
x _h be5 writt5 by him long be=e4 ,x is 
n[ claim$ t ! orig9al docum5t is 9      
,pa9e's h&writ+4 ,x c]ta9ly is n 9      
,jeff]son's4 ,c]ta9 x is1 t ,jeff]son   
c\ld n h writt5 any?+ s manly1 s /rik+1 
s compreh5sive1 s cle>1 s conv9c+1 & s  
faultless 9 rhetoric & rhy?m z !        
,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce4  ,pa9e 0 !   
fir/ man to write ^! words1 ,! ,unit$   
,/ates ( ,am]ica4 ,he 0 ! fir/ great    
*ampion ( absolute sep>ation f ,engl&4  
,he 0 ! fir/ to urge ! adoption ( a     
,f$]al ,con/itution2 &1 m cle>ly ?an any
 o!r man ( 8 "t1 he p]ceiv$ ! future    
greatness ( ?is c\ntry4  ,he has be5    
blam$ = 8 attack on ,wa%+ton4 ,! tru?   

is1 he 0 9 prison 9 ,france4 ,he _h     
committ$ ! crime ( vot+1 aga9/ !        
execution ( ! k+ ,x 0 ! gr&e/ act ( 8   
life1 b at t "t to be m]ciful 0 crim9al4
 ,pa9e2 be+ an ,am]ican citiz51 ask$    
,wa%+ton1 !n ,presid5t1 to say a ^w to  
,robespi]re 9 8 behalf4 ,wa%+ton rema9$ 
sil5t4 ,9 ! calmness ( p[]1 ! s]5ity1 ( 
=tune1 ,wa%+ton ! ,presid5t1 read !     
reque/ ( ,pa9e1 ! prison]1 & ) !        
complac5cy ( assur$ fame1 consign$ to ! 
wa/ebasket ( =getfulness ! patriot's cry
 = help4       ,"t ha?1 my "l1 a wallet 
at 8 back1      ,:]e9 he puts alms =    
oblivion1      ,a great-siz$ mon/] (    
+ratitudes4      ,^? scraps are good    
de$s pa/1 :i* are dev\r'd      ,z fa/ z 
!y are made1 =got z soon      ,z done4  
,9 ?is controv]sy1 my sympa?ies are ) ! 
prison]4  ,pa9e did m to free ! m9d1 to 
de/roy ! p[] ( m9i/]s & prie/s 9 ! ,new 
,_w1 ?an any o!r man4 ,9 ord] to answ] 8
 argum5ts1 ! *ur*es f\nd x necess>y to  
attack 8 "*4 ,!re 0 a g5]al resort to   
falsehood4 ,9 try+ to de/roy !          

reputation ( ,pa9e1 ! *ur*es h          
demoraliz$ !mselves4 ,ne>ly e m9i/] has 
be5 a will+ witness aga9/ ! tru?4 ,^u ! 
grave ( ,?omas ,pa9e1 ! *ur*es ( ,am]ica
 h sacrific$ _! honor4 ,! influ5ce ( !  
,h]o au?or increases e day1 & !re are m 
copies ( ! ,age ( ,reason sold 9 !      
,unit$ ,/ates1 ?an ( any "w writt5 9    
def5ce ( ! ,*ri/ian religion4           
,hypocrisy1 ) its =k$ tongue1 its envi\s
 & malignant he>t1 lies coil$ ^u !      
memory ( ,pa9e1 ready to fa/5 its       
poison\s fangs 9 ! reputation ( any man 
:o d>es def5d ! great & g5]\s dead4     
,leav+ ! du/ & glory ( revolutions1 let 
u sp5d a mom5t ( quiet ) ,adam ,smi?4 ,i
 0 glad to f9d t a man's ideas ^u !     
subject ( protection & free trade dep5d 
almo/ entirely ^u ! c\ntry 9 :i* he     
lives1 or ! bus9ess 9 :i* he happ5s to  
be engag$1 & t1 aft] all1 ea* man reg>ds
 ! univ]se z a circumf]5ce ( :i* he is !
 c5t]4 ,x gratifi$ me to le>n t ev5     
,adam ,smi? 0 no exception to ?is rule1 
& t he reg>d$ all protection z a hurtful

 & ignorant int]f]5ce1 except :5 ex]cis$
 = ! good ( ,great ,brita94 ,ow+ to !   
fact t 8 nationality qu>rel$ ) 8        
philosophy1 he succe$$ 9 writ+ a book t 
is quot$ ) equal satisfaction by bo?    
p>ties4 ,! protectioni/s rely ^u !      
exceptions he made = ,engl&1 & ! free   
trad]s ^u ! doctr9es laid d[n = o!r     
c\ntries4  ,he seems to h reason$ ^u !  
"q ( money precisely z we h1 ( late     
ye>s1 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 & he has argu$ 
bo? sides equally well4 ,pov]ty asks =  
inflation4 ,weal? is cons]vative1 &     
always says !re is money en\gh4  ,^u !  
"q ( money1 ?is volume conta9s ! be/ ?+ 
,i h ev] read3 ,! only mode ( procur+ ! 
s]vice ( o!rs1 on any l>ge scale1 9 !   
abs5ce ( money1 is by =ce1 :i* is       
slav]y4 ,money1 by con/itut+ a m$ium 9  
:i* ! smalle/ s]vices c be paid =1      
sub/itutes wages = ! la%1 & r5d]s !     
lib]ty ( ! individual consi/5t ) !      
ma9t5ance & support ( society4 ,!re is m
 philosophy 9 t "o p>agraph ?an ,adam   
,smi? expresses 9 8 :ole "w4 ,x may     

tru?fully be said1 t )\t money1 lib]ty  
is impossible4 ,no "o1 :atev] 8 views   
may be1 c read ! article on ,adam ,smi? 
)\t pr(it & delight4  ,! discussion ( ! 
money "q is 9 e respect admirable1 & is 
z c&id z able4 ,! _w w soon] or lat]    
le>n t !re is no?+ miracul\s 9 f9ance2 t
 money is a real & tangible ?+1 a       
product ( labor1 s]v+ n m]ely z a m$ium 
( ex*ange b z a basis ( cr$it z well2 t 
x _c be creat$ by an act ( !            
,legislature2 t dreams _c be co9$1 & t  
only labor1 9 "s =m1 c put1 ^u ! h& (   
want1 ,allad9's magic r+4  ,adam ,smi?  
wrote ^u ! weal? ( nations1 :ile ,*>les 
,f\ri] labor$ = ! happ9ess ( mank9d4 ,9 
?is c\ntry1 few seem to und]/&          
communism4 ,:ile "h1 x may be reg>d$ z  
vici\s idl5ess1 arm$ ) ! assass9's knife
 & ! inc5di>y's tor*1 9 ,europe1 x is a 
diff]5t ?+4 ,!re1 x is a reaction f     
,feudalism4 ,nobility is communism 9 its
 wor/ possible =m4 ,no?+ c be worse ?an 
= idl5ess to eat ! bread ( indu/ry4     
,communism 9 ,europe is n ! /& & deliv] 

( ! robb]1 b ! prote/ ( ! robb$4        
,c5turies ago1 k+s & prie/s1 t is to    
say1 ?ieves & hypocrites1 divid$ ,europe
 among !mselves4 ,"u ?is arrangem5t1 !  
few 7 ma/]s & ! _m slaves4 ,ne>ly e     
gov]nm5t 9 ! ,old ,_w re/s ^u simple    
brute =ce4 ,x is h>d = ! _m to und]/& :y
 ! few %\ld own ! soil4 ,nei!r c !y     
cle>ly see :y !y %\ld give _! bra9 &    
blood to ^? :o /eal _! bir?right & _!   
bread4 ,x has occurr$ to !m t !y :o d ! 
mo/ %\ld n receive ! lea/1 & t1 aft]    
all1 an indu/ri\s peasant is ( f> m     
value to ! _w ?an a va9 & idle k+4  ,!  
,communi/s ( ,france1 bl9d$ z !y 71 made
 ! ,republic possible4 ,_h !y jo9$ ) _! 
c\ntrym51 ! invad]s w\ld h be5 repell$1 
& "s ,napoleon w\ld /ill h occupi$ !    
?rone4 ,socialism p]ceives t ,g]many has
 be5 enslav$ by victory1 :ile ,france   
f\nd lib]ty 9 defeat4 ,9 ,russia !      
,nihili/s pref] *aos to ! gov]nm5t ( !  
bayonet1 ,sib]ia & ! kn\t1 & ^! intrepid
 m5 h kept ^u ! coa/ ( despotism "o     
beacon fire ( hope4  ,z a matt] ( fact1 

e society is a species ( communism--a   
k9d ( co-op]ation 9 :i* selfi%ness1 9   
spite ( itself1 b5efits ! community4 ,e 
indu/ri\s man adds to ! weal?1 n only ( 
8 nation1 b to t ( ! _w4 ,e inv5tor     
increases human p[]1 & e sculptor1 pa9t]
 & poet adds to ! value ( human life4   
,f\ri]1 t\*$ by ! suff]+s ( ! poor z    
well z by ! b>r5 joys ( ho>d$ weal?1 &  
discov]+ ! va/ advantages ( comb9$ ef=t1
 & ! imm5se economy ( co-op]ation1 s\ght
 to f9d "s way = m5 to help !mselves by 
help+ ea* o!r4 ,he endeavor$ to d away )
 monopoly & competition1 & to asc]ta9 "s
 me?od by :i* ! s5su\s1 ! moral1 & !    
intellectual passions ( man c\ld be     
gratifi$4  ,= my "p ,i c place no       
confid5ce 9 any sy/em t does away1 or   
t5ds to d away1 ) ! in/itution (        
m>riage4 ,i c conceive ( no civilization
 ( :i* ! family mu/ n be ! unit4        
,societies _c be made2 !y mu/ gr[4      
,philosoph]s may pr$ict1 b !y _c create4
 ,!y may po9t out z _m ways z !y please2
 b aft] all1 humanity w travel 9 pa?s ( 

its own4  ,f\ri] su/a9$ ab\t ! same     
relation to ?is _w t ,sw$5borg did to ! 
o!r4 ,!re mu/ be some?+ wrong ab\t !    
bra9 ( "o :o solemnly ass]ts t1 !       
elephant1 ! ox & ! diamond1 7 creat$ by 
! sun2 ! horse1 ! lily & ! ruby1 by     
,saturn2 ! c[1 ! jonquil & ! topaz by   
,jupit]2 & ! dog1 ! violet & ! opal     
/ones by ! e>? itself4  ,& yet1 =gett+  
^! ab]rations ( ! m9d1 ?is lunacy ( a   
great & lov+ s\l1 = "o1 ,i hold 9       
t5d]-e/ reg>d ! memory ( ,*>les ,f\ri]1 
"o ( ! be/ & noble/ ( our race4  ,:ile  
,f\ri] 0 9 8 cradle1 ,j]emy ,b5?am1 :o  
read hi/ory :5 ?ree ye>s old1 play$ on !
 viol9 at five1 & at fifte5 detect$ !   
fallacies ( ,black/one1 0 demon/rat+ t !
 good 0 ! useful2 t a ?+ 0 "r because x 
paid 9 ! highe/ & be/ s5se2 t utility 0 
! basis ( morals2 t )\t all[+ int]e/ to 
be paid ^u money comm]ce c\ld n exi/2 & 
t ! object ( all human gov]nm5ts %\ld be
 to secure ! greate/ happ9ess ( !       
greate/ numb]4 ,he read ,hume &         
,helvetius1 ?rew away ! ,?irty-n9e      

,articles1 & endeavor$ to impress ^u !  
,engli% ,law ! fact t its ance/or 0 a   
feudal savage4 ,he held ! pa/ 9         
contempt1 hat$ ,we/m9/] & despis$ ,ox=d4
 ,he combat$ ! idea t gov]nm5ts 7       
orig9ally f\nd$ on contract4 ,locke &   
,black/one talk$ z ?\gh m5 orig9ally    
liv$ ap>t1 & =m$ societies by agreem5t4 
,^! writ]s probably imag9$ t at "o "t ! 
trees 7 sep>at$ l telegraph poles1 &    
f9ally came toge!r & made groves by     
agreem5t4 ,i believe t x 0 ,puf5dorf :o 
said t slav]y 0 orig9ally f\nd$ on      
contract4 ,to :i* ,voltaire repli$3--,if
 my "l ,puf5dorf w produce ! orig9al    
contract sign$ by ! p>ty :o 0 to be !   
slave1 ,i w admit ! tru? ( 8 /atem5t4   
,a contract back ( society is a my?     
manufactur$ by ^? 9 p[] to s]ve z a     
title to place1 & to impress ! multitude
 ) ! idea t !y are1 9 "s my/]i\s way1   
b\nd1 fett]$1 & ev5 b5efit$ by its t]ms4
  ,! glory ( ,b5?am is1 t he gave ! true
 basis ( morals1 & furni%$ /atesm5 ) !  
/> & compass ( ?is s5t5ce3--,! greate/  

happ9ess ( ! greate/ numb]4  ,mo/       
sci5ti/s h def]r$ to ! !ologians4 ,!y h 
admitt$ t "s que/ions c\ld n1 at pres5t1
 be solv$4 ,^! admissions h be5         
?ankfully receiv$ by ! cl]gy1 :o h      
always begg$ = "s curta9 to be left1    
beh9d :i* _! ,god c\ld /ill exi/4 ,m5   
call+ !mselves sci5tific h tri$ to      
h>monize ! app>5t discrepancies betwe5 !
 ,bible & ! o!r works ( ,jehovah4 ,9 ?is
 way !y h made reputations4 ,!y 7 at    
once quot$ by ! m9i/]s z wond]ful       
examples ( piety & le>n+4 ,^! m5        
disc\nt$ ! future t !y might enjoy !    
ignorant praise ( ! pres5t4 ,agassiz    
pref]r$ ! applause ( ,bo/on1 :ile he    
liv$1 to ! rev]5ce ( a _w aft] he 0     
dead4 ,small m5 appe> great only :5 !y  
agree ) ! multitude4  ,! la/ ,sci5tific 
,congress 9 ,am]ica 0 op5$ ) pray]4 ,?9k
 ( a sci5ce t dep5ds ^u ! efficacy (    
words address$ to ! ,unkn[n &           
,unkn[able6  ,9 our c\ntry1 mo/ ( !     
s-call$ sci5ti/s are pr(essors 9        
sect>ian colleges1 9 :i* ,moses is      

consid]$ a geologi/1 & ,jo%ua an        
a/ronom]4 ,= ! mo/ "p _! sal>ies dep5d  
^u ! +5uity ) :i* !y c expla9 away facts
 & dodge demon/ration4  ,! situation is 
ab\t ! same 9 ,engl&4 ,:5 ,mr4 ,huxley  
saw fit to attack ! ,mosaic acc\nt ( !  
creation1 he did n deem x advisable to  
say pla9ly :at he meant4 ,he attack$ !  
acc\nt ( creation z giv5 by ,milton1    
al?\gh he knew t ! ,mosaic & ,miltonic 7
 sub/antially ! same4 ,sci5ce has act$ l
 a gue/ )\t a w$d+ g>m5t1 & has         
cont9ually apologiz$ = exi/+4 ,9 !      
pres5ce ( arrogant absurdity1 ov]aw$ by 
! patroniz+ airs ( a successful *>latan1
 x has play$ ! role ( a poor relation1 &
 accept$1 :ile sitt+ bel[ ! salt1       
insults z honors4  ,!re c be no m       
pitiable sight ?an a sci5ti/ 9 ! employ 
( sup]/ition di%onor+ himself )\t assi/+
 8 ma/]4 ,b !re are a multitude ( brave 
& t5d] m5 :o give _! hone/ ?\ghts1 :o   
are true to nature1 :o give ! facts &   
let consequ5ces %irk = !mselves1 :o "k !
 value & mean+ ( a tru?1 & :o h bravely 

tri$ ! cre$s by sci5tific te/s4  ,among 
! brave/1 side by side ) ! greate/ ( !  
_w1 9 ,g]many1 ! l& ( sci5ce1 /&s ,ern/ 
,haeckel1 :o may be said to h n only    
demon/rat$ ! !ories ( ,d>w91 b !        
,moni/ic conception ( ! _w4 ,reject+ all
 ! pu]ile ideas ( a p]sonal ,creator1 he
 has _h ! c\rage to adopt ! noble words 
( ,bruno3--,a _s exi/s 9 all ?+s1 & no  
body is s small b x conta9s a "p ( !    
div9e sub/ance )9 itself1 by :i* x is   
animat$4 ,he has endeavor$--& ,i ?9k )  
complete success--to %[ t !re is n1 &   
nev] 01 & nev] c be ! ,creator ( any?+4 
,!re is no m a p]sonal ,creator ?an !re 
is a p]sonal de/roy]4 ,matt] & =ce mu/ h
 exi/$ f et]nity1 all g5]ation mu/ h be5
 spontane\s1 & ! simple/ organisms mu/ h
 be5 ! ance/ors ( ! mo/ p]fect &        
complex4  ,haeckel is "o ( ! bitt]e/    
enemies ( ! *ur*1 & is1 !re=e1 "o ( !   
brave/ fri5ds ( man4  ,ca?olicism 01 at 
"o "t1 ! fri5d ( education--( an        
education suffici5t to make a ,ca?olic  
out ( a b>b>ian4 ,prote/antism 0 also 9 

favor ( education--( an education       
suffici5t to make a ,prote/ant out ( a  
,ca?olic4 ,b n[1 x hav+ be5 demon/rat$ t
 real education w make ,free?9k]s1      
,ca?olics & ,prote/ants bo? are !       
enemies ( true le>n+4  ,9 all c\ntries  
:]e human be+s are held 9 bondage1 x is 
a crime to tea* a slave to read & write4
 ,ma/]s "k t education is an            
abolitioni/1 & !ologians "k t sci5ce is 
! deadly foe ( e cre$ 9 ,*ri/5dom4  ,9 !
 age ( ,fai?1 a p]sonal god /ood at !   
head ( e dep>tm5t ( ignorance1 & 0      
suppos$ to be ! ,k+ ( k+s1 ! rew>d] &   
puni%] ( individuals1 & ! gov]nor (     
nations4  ,! wor%ip]s ( ?is god h always
 reg>d$ ! m5 9 love ) simple facts1 z   
,a!i/s 9 disguise4 ,& x mu/ be admitt$ t
 no?+ is m ,a!i/ic ?an a fact4 ,pure    
sci5ce is necess>ily godless1 ,x is     
incapable ( wor%ip4 ,x inve/igates1 & _c
 af=d to %ut its eyes ev5 long en\gh to 
pray4 ,!re 0 a "t :5 ^? :o disput$ !    
div9e "r ( k+s 7 d5\nc$ z blasphem\s2 b 
! "t came :5 lib]ty dem&$ t a p]sonal   

god %\ld be retir$ f politics4 ,9 our   
c\ntry ?is 0 sub/antially done 9 #aggf1 
:5 our fa!rs decl>$ t all p[] to gov]n  
came f ! cons5t ( ! gov]n$4 ,! cl\d-!ory
 0 ab&on$1 & "o gov]nm5t has be5        
e/abli%$ = ! b5efit ( mank9d4 ,our fa!rs
 did n keep ,god out ( ! ,con/itution f 
pr9ciple1 b f jeal\sy4 ,ea* *ur*1 9     
colonial times1 pref]r$ to live 9 s+le  
bless$ness r ?an see "s rival w$d$ to ! 
/ate4 ,mutual hatr$ plant$ our tree (   
religi\s lib]ty4 ,a con/itution )\t a   
god has at la/ giv5 u a nation )\t a    
slave4  ,a p]sonal god su/a9s ! same    
relation to religion z to politics4 ,!  
,deity is a ma/]1 & man a s]f2 & ?is    
relation is inconsi/5t ) true progress4 
,! ,univ]se ought to be a pure          
democracy--an inf9ite republic )\t a    
tyrant & )\t a *a94  ,augu/e ,comte     
endeavor$ to put humanity 9 ! place (   
,jehovah1 & no conceivable *ange c be m 
desirable ?an ?is4 ,?is great man did n1
 l "s ( 8 foll[]s1 put a my/]i\s some?+ 
call$ law 9 ! place ( ,god1 :i* is      

simply giv+ ! old ma/] a new "n4 ,law is
 ?is side ( ph5om5a1 n ! o!r4 ,x is n ! 
cause1 nei!r is x ! result ( ph5om5a4 ,!
 fact ( succession & resemblance1 t is  
to say1 ! same ?+ happ5+ "u ! same      
conditions1 is all we mean by law4 ,no  
"o c conceive ( a law exi/+ ap>t f      
matt]1 or controll+ matt]1 any m ?an he 
c und]/& ! et]nal procession ( ! ,holy  
,gho/1 or motion ap>t f sub/ance4 ,we   
are beg9n+ to see t law does n1 & _c    
exi/ z an entity1 b t x is only a       
conception ( ! m9d to express ! fact t !
 same entities1 "u ! same conditions1   
produce ! same results4 ,law does n     
produce ! entities1 ! conditions1 or !  
results1 or ev5 ! sam5ess ( ! results4  
,nei!r does x affect ! relations (      
entities1 nor ! result ( su* relations1 
b x /&s simply = ! fact t ! same causes1
 "u ! same conditions1 et]nally h       
produc$ & et]nally w produce ! same     
results4  ,! metaphysicians are always  
giv+ u explanations ( ph5om5a :i* are z 
difficult to und]/& z ! ph5om5a !y seek 

to expla92 & ! believ]s 9 ,god e/abli%  
_! dogmas by miracles1 & !n sub/antiate 
! miracles by ass]tion4  ,! ,design] ( !
 teleologi/1 ! ,fir/ ,cause ( ! religi\s
 philosoph]1 ! ,vital ,=ce ( ! biologi/1
 & ! law ( ! half-or?odox sci5ti/1 are  
all ! %ad[y *ildr5 ( ignorance & fe>4   
,! ,univ]se is all !re is4 ,x is bo?    
subject & object2 contemplator &        
contemplat$2 creator & creat$2 de/roy] &
 de/roy$2 pres]v] & pres]v$2 & )9 itself
 are all causes1 modes1 motions &       
effects4  ,unable 9 "s ?+s to rise above
 ! sup]/itions ( 8 day1 ,comte adopt$ n 
only ! ma*9]y1 b "s ( ! prejudices1 (   
,ca?olicism4 ,he made ! mi/ake ( ,lu!r4 
,he tri$ to re=m ! ,*ur* ( ,rome4       
,de/ruction is ! only re=mation ( :i* t 
*ur* is capable4 ,e religion is bas$ ^u 
a misconception1 n only ( ! cause (     
ph5om5a1 b ( ! real object ( life2 t is 
to say1 ^u falsehood2 & ! mom5t ! tru?  
is kn[n & und]/ood1 ^! religions mu/    
fall4 ,9 ! field ( ?\ght1 !y are bri]s1 
?orns1 & noxi\s we$s2 on ! %ores (      

intellectual discov]y1 !y are sir5s1 & 9
 ! =e/s t ! brave ?9k]s are n[ p5etrat+1
 !y are ! wild bea/s1 fang$ & mon/r\s4  
,y _c re=m ^! we$s4 ,sir5s _c be *ang$  
into good citiz5s2 & su* wild bea/s1 ev5
 :5 tam$1 are ( no possible use4        
,de/ruction is ! only rem$y4 ,re=mation 
is a hospital :]e ! new philosophy      
exhau/s its /r5g? nurs+ ! old religion4 
,!re 01 9 ! bra9 ( ! great ,fr5*man1 !  
dawn ( t happy day 9 :i* humanity w be !
 only religion1 good ! only god1        
happ9ess ! only object1 re/itution !    
only atonem5t1 mi/ake ! only s91 &      
affection1 guid$ by intellig5ce1 ! only 
savior ( mank9d4 ,?is dawn enri*$ 8     
pov]ty1 illum9at$ ! d>kness ( 8 life1   
peopl$ 8 lonel9ess ) ! happy millions   
yet to be1 & fill$ 8 eyes ) pr\d & t5d] 
te>s4  ,a few ye>s ago ,i ask$ !        
sup]9t5d5t ( ,p]e ,la ,*aise if he knew 
:]e ,i c\ld f9d ! tomb ( ,augu/e ,comte4
 ,he _h nev] he>d ev5 ! "n ( ! au?or ( !
 ,positive ,philosophy4 ,i ask$ him if  
he _h ev] he>d ( ,napoleon ,bonap>te4 ,9

 a half-insult$ tone1 he repli$1 ,(     
c\rse ,i h1 :y d y ask me su* a "q8     
,simply1 0 my answ]1 t ,i might h !     
opportunity ( say+1 t :5 ev]y?+ connect$
 ) ,napoleon1 except 8 crimes1 %all h   
be5 =gott51 ,augu/e ,comte w be lov+ly  
rememb]$ z a b5efactor ( ! human race4  
,! ,jewi% ,god mu/ be de?ron$6 ,a       
p]sonal ,deity mu/ g back to ! d>kness (
 b>b>ism f :5ce he came4 ,! !ologians   
mu/ abdicate1 & popes1 prie/s1 &        
cl]gym51 label$ z ext9ct species1 mu/   
occupy ! m5tal museums ( ! future4  ,9  
my judgm5t1 ?is book1 fill$ ) orig9al   
?\ght1 w ha/5 ! com+ ( t bless$ "t4     
,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c41 ,nov4 #bi1ahgi4      
,,preface ,,to ,,dr4 ,,edg> ,c4         
,,beall',s ,,! ,,bra9 ,,& ,,! ,,bible4  
,,?is book1 writt5 by a brave & hone/   
man1 is fill$ ) brave & hone/ ?\ghts4 ,!
 argum5ts x pres5ts c n be answ]$ by all
 ! !ologians 9 ! _w4 ,! au?or is conv9c$
 t ! univ]se is natural1 t man is       
naturally produc$1 & t !re is a necess>y
 relation betwe5 "* & bra94 ,he sees1 & 

cle>ly sees1 t ! !ological explanation (
 ph5om5a is only a plausible absurdity1 
&1 at be/1 z great a my/]y z x tries to 
solve4 ,i ?ank ! man :o breaks1 or tries
 to break1 ! *a9s ( cu/om1 cre$1 & *ur*1
 & gives 9 pla91 c\rage\s words1 !      
product ( 8 bra94  ,x is almo/          
impossible to inve/igate any subject )\t
 some:]e t\*+ ! religi\s prejudices (   
ourselves or o!rs4 ,mo/ p judge ( ! tru?
 ( a proposition by ! consequ5ces ^u "s 
preconceiv$ op9ion4 ,c]ta9 ?+s !y take z
 tru?s1 & ) ?is little /&>d 9 _! m9ds1  
!y measure all o!r !ories4 ,if ! new    
facts d n agree ) ! /&>d1 !y are        
in/antly ?r[n away1 because x is mu*    
easi] to dispose ( ! new facts ?an to   
recon/ruct an entire philosophy4  ,a few
 ye>s ago1 :5 m5 began to say t "* c\ld 
be det]m9$ by ! =m1 quantity1 & quality 
( ! bra91 ! religi\s _w ru%$ to !       
conclusion t ?is fact might de/roy :at  
!y 7 pleas$ to call ! free moral ag5cy (
 man4 ,!y admitt$ t all ?+s 9 ! physical
 _w 7 l9ks 9 ! inf9ite *a9 ( causes &   

effects1 & t n "o atom ( ! mat]ial      
univ]se c\ld1 by any possibility1 be    
entirely exempt f ! action ( e o!r4 ,!y 
insi/$ t1 if ! motions ( ! _s--! ?\ghts1
 dreams1 & conclusions ( ! bra91 7 z    
necess>ily produc$ z /ones & />s1 virtue
 became necessity1 & morality ! result (
 =ces capable ( ma!matical calculation4 
,9 o!r words1 !y insi/$ t1 :ile !re 7   
causes = all mat]ial ph5om5a1 a some?+  
call$ ! ,w sat en?ron$ above all law1 & 
dom9at$ ! ph5om5a ( ! intellectual _w4  
,!y insi/$ t man 0 free2 t he controll$ 
8 bra92 t he 0 responsible = ?\ght z    
well z action2 t ! intellectual _w ( ea*
 man 0 a univ]se 9 :i* 8 w 0 k+4 ,!y 7  
afraid t phr5ology might1 9 "s way1     
int]f]e ) ! s*eme ( salvation1 or prev5t
 ! et]nal torm5t ( "s err+ s\l4  ,x is  
insi/$ t man is free1 & is responsible1 
because he kn[s "r f wrong4 ,b ! compass
 does n navigate ! %ip2 nei!r does x1 9 
any way1 ( itself1 det]m9e ! direction t
 is tak54 ,:5 w9ds & waves are too      
p[]ful1 ! compass is ( no importance4 ,!

 pilot may read x correctly1 & may "k ! 
direction ! %ip ought to take1 b !      
compass is n a =ce4 ,s m51 bl[n by !    
tempe/s ( passion1 may h ! intellectual 
conviction t !y %\ld g ano!r way2 b1 (  
:at use1 ( :at =ce1 is ! conviction8    
,?\s&s ( p]sons h ga!r$ curi\s /ati/ics 
= ! purpose ( %[+ t man is absolutely   
dom9at$ by 8 surr\nd+s4 ,by ^! /ati/ics 
is discov]$ :at is call$ ! law ( av]age4
 ,!y %[ t !re are ab\t s _m suicides 9  
,london e ye>1 s _m lett]s misdirect$ at
 ,p>is1 s _m m5 unit+ !mselves ,9       
m>riage ) wom5 old] ?an !mselves 9      
,belgium1 s _m burgl>ies to "o murd] 9  
,france1 or s _m p]sons driv5 insane by 
religion 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,x is ass]t$
 t ^! facts conclusively %[ t man is    
act$ ^u2 t beh9d ea* ?\ght1 ea* dream1  
is ! effici5t cause1 & t ! doctr9e (    
moral responsibility has be5 de/roy$ by 
/ati/ics4  ,b1 does ! fact t ab\t s _m  
crimes are committ$ on ! av]age1 9 a    
giv5 population1 or t s _m any ?+s are  
done1 prove t !re is no fre$om 9 human  

action8  ,suppose a population ( t5 ?\s&
 p]sons2 & suppose1 fur!r1 t !y are     
free1 & t !y h ! usual wants ( mank9d4  
,is x n reasonable to say t !y w\ld act 
9 "s way8 ,!y c]ta9ly w\ld take measures
 to obta9 food1 clo?+1 & %elt]4 ,if ^! p
 diff]$ 9 intellect1 9 surr\nd+s1 9     
temp]am5t1 9 /r5g?1 x is reasonable to  
suppose t all w\ld n be equally         
successful4 ,"u su* circum/ances1 may we
 n safely inf] t1 9 a little :ile1 if ! 
/ati/ics 7 prop]ly tak51 a law ( av]age 
w\ld appe>8 ,9 o!r words1 free p w\ld   
act2 &1 be+ diff]5t 9 m9d1 body1 &      
circum/ances1 w\ld n all act exactly    
alike4 ,all w\ld n be alike act$ ^u4 ,! 
deviations f :at might be ?\ght wise1 or
 "r1 w\ld su/a9 su* a relation to "t &  
numb]s t !y c\ld be express$ by a law ( 
av]age4  ,if ?is is true1 ! law ( av]age
 does n e/abli% necessity4  ,b1 9 my    
suppos$ case1 ! p1 aft] all1 are n free4
 ,!y h wants4 ,!y are "u ! necessity (  
fe$+1 clo?+1 & %elt]+ !mselves4 ,to !   
ext5t ( _! actual wants1 !y are n free4 

,e limitation is a ma/]4 ,e f9ite be+ is
 a prison]1 & no man has ev] yet look$  
above or beyond ! prison walls4  ,our   
highe/ conception ( lib]ty is to be free
 f ! dictation ( fell[ prison]s4  ,to ! 
ext5t t we h wants1 we are n free4 ,to !
 ext5t t we d n h wants1 we d n act4    
,if we are responsible = our ?\ghts1 we 
ought n only to "k h[ !y are =m$1 b we  
ought to =m !m4 ,if we are ! ma/]s ( our
 own m9ds1 we ought to be able to tell  
:at we are go+ to ?9k at any future "t4 
,evid5tly1 ! food ( ?\ght--its v w>p &  
wo(--is furni%$ ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! s5ses4
 ,if we op5 our eyes1 we _c help see+4  
,if we d n /op our e>s1 we _c help he>+4
 ,if any?+ t\*es u1 we feel x4 ,! he>t  
beats 9 spite ( u4 ,! lungs supply      
!mselves ) air )\t our k4 ,! blood      
pursues its old accu/om$ r\nds1 & all   
our s5ses act )\t our leave4 ,z ! he>t  
beats1 s ! bra9 ?9ks4 ,! w is n its k+4 
,z ! blood fl[s1 z ! lungs exp&1 z !    
eyes see1 z ! e>s he>1 z ! fle% is      
s5sitive to t\*1 s ! bra9 ?9ks4  ,i _h a

 dream1 9 :i* ,i debat$ a "q ) a fri5d4 
,i ?\ght to myself3 ,?is is a dream1 &  
yet ,i c n tell :at my oppon5t is go+ to
 say4 ,yet1 if x is a dream1 ,i am do+ !
 ?9k+ = bo? sides1 & !re=e ought to "k 9
 advance :at my fri5d w urge4 ,b1 9 a   
dream1 !re is "s "o :o seems to talk to 
u4 ,our own bra9 tells u news1 & pres5ts
 an unexpect$ ?\ght4 ,is x n possible t 
ea* bra9 is a field :]e all ! s5ses s[ !
 se$s ( ?\ght8 ,"s ( ^! fields are mo/ly
 b>r51 poor1 & h>d1 produc+ only        
wor?less we$s2 & "s gr[ /urdy oaks &    
/ately palms2 & "s are l ! tropic _w1   
:]e plants & trees & v9es seem royal    
*ildr5 ( ! soil & sun4  ,no?+ seems m   
c]ta9 ?an t ! capacity ( a human be+    
dep5ds1 o!r ?+s be+ equal1 ^u ! am\nt1  
=m1 & quality ( 8 bra94 ,we also "k t   
heal?1 disposition1 temp]am5t1          
occupation1 food1 surr\nd+s1 ance/ors1  
quality1 =m1 & texture ( ! bra91 det]m9e
 :at we call "*4 ,man is1 collectively &
 individually1 :at 8 surr\nd+s h made   
him4 ,nations diff] f ea* o!r z greatly 

z individuals 9 ! same nation4 ,nations 
dep5d ^u soil1 climate1 geographical    
position1 & c\ntless o!r facts4         
,%akespe>e w\ld h be5 impossible )\t !  
climate ( ,engl&4 ,!re is a direct      
relation betwe5 ,hamlet & ! ,gulf       
,/ream4 ,dr4 ,drap] has %[n t ! great   
des]t ( ,sah>a made negroes possible 9  
,africa4 ,if ! ,c>ibbean ,sea _h be5 a  
des]t1 negroes might h be5 produc$ 9    
,am]ica4  ,are ! effects ( climate ^u   
man necess>y effects8 ,is x possible =  
man to escape !m8 ,is he responsible =  
:at he does z a consequ5ce ( 8          
surr\nd+s8 ,is ! m9d dep5d5t ^u causes8 
,does x act )\t cause8 ,is e ?\ght a    
necessity8 ,c man *oose )\t ref]5ce to  
any quality 9 ! ?+ *os58  ,no "o w blame
 ,mr4 ,br[n or ,mr4 ,jones = n writ+ l  
,%akespe>e4 ,%\ld !y be blam$ = n act+ l
 ,*ri/8 ,we say t a great pa9t] has     
g5ius4 ,is x n possible t a c]ta9 g5ius 
is requir$ to be :at is call$ good8 ,all
 m5 _c be great4 ,all m5 _c be          
successful4 ,c all m5 be k9d8 ,c all m5 

be hone/8  ,x may be t a crime appe>s   
t]rible 9 proportion z we realize its   
consequ5ces4 ,if ?is is true1 morality  
may dep5d l>gely ^u ! imag9ation4 ,man  
_c h imag9ation at w2 t1 c]ta9ly1 is a  
natural product4 ,& yet1 a man's action 
may dep5d l>gely ^u ! want ( imag9ation4
 ,"o man may feel t he really wi%es to  
kill ano!r4 ,he may make prep>ations to 
commit ! de$2 & yet1 8 imag9ation may   
pres5t su* pictures ( horror & despair2 
he may s vividly see ! wid[ clasp+ !    
mangl$ corpse2 he may s pla9ly he> !    
cries & sobs ( orphans1 :ile ! clods    
fall ^u ! c(f91 t 8 h& is /ay$4 ,ano!r1 
lack+ imag9ation1 ?ir/+ only = rev5ge1  
see+ no?+ beyond ! accompli%m5t ( ! de$1
 buries1 ) bl9d-& ?\ghtless hate1 !     
dagg] 9 8 victim's he>t4  ,morality1 = !
 mo/ "p1 is ! v]dict ( ! majority4 ,?is 
v]dict dep5ds ^u ! intellig5ce ( ! p2 & 
! intellig5ce dep5ds ^u ! am\nt1 =m1 &  
quality ( ! av]age bra94  ,if ! m9d     
dep5ds ^u c]ta9 organs = ! expression ( 
its ?\ght1 does x h ?\ght indep5d5tly ( 

^? organs8 ,is !re any m9d )\t bra98    
,does ! m9d ?9k ap>t f ! bra91 & !n     
express its ?\ght ?r\gh ! in/rum5tality 
( ! bra98 ,!ologians tell u t insanity  
is n a disease ( ! s\l1 b ( ! bra92 t ! 
s\l is p]fectly unt\*$2 b t ! in/rum5t )
 :i*1 & ?r\gh :i*1 x manife/s itself1 is
 impair$4 ,! fact1 h[ev]1 seems to be1 t
 ! m9d1 ! some?+ t is ! man1 is         
unconsci\s ( ! fact t any?+ is out (    
ord] 9 ! bra94 ,insane p insi/ t !y are 
sane4  ,if we %\ld f9d a locomotive (f !
 track1 & ! eng9e] us+ ! prop]          
appliances to put x back1 we w\ld say t 
! ma*9e is out ( ord]1 b ! eng9e] is n4 
,b1 if we f\nd ! locomotive upside d[n1 
) :eels 9 air1 & ! eng9e] insi/+ t x 0  
on ! track1 & nev] runn+ bett]1 we w\ld 
!n conclude t some?+ 0 wrong1 n only ) !
 locomotive1 b ) ! eng9e]4  ,we are told
 9 m$ical books ( a girl1 :o1 at ab\t ! 
age ( n9e ye>s1 0 attack$ ) "s c]ebral  
disease4 ,:5 %e recov]$1 %e _h =gott5   
all %e ev] knew1 & _h to rele>n !       
alphabet1 & ! names ( h] p>5ts & k9dr$4 

,9 ?is abnormal /ate1 %e 0 n a good     
girl2 9 ! normal /ate1 %e 04 ,aft] hav+ 
liv$ 9 ! second /ate = sev]al ye>s1 %e  
w5t back to ! fir/2 & all %e _h le>n$ 9 
! second /ate 0 =gott51 & all %e _h     
le>n$ 9 ! fir/ 0 rememb]$4  ,i believe  
%e *ang$ once m1 & di$ 9 ! abnormal     
/ate4 ,9 :i* ( ^! /ates 0 %e            
responsible8 ,7 h] ?\ghts & actions z   
free 9 "o z 9 ! o!r8 ,x may be cont5d$  
t1 9 h] diseas$ /ate1 ! m9d or s\l c\ld 
n correctly express itself4 ,if ?is is  
s1 x foll[s t1 z no "o is p]fectly      
heal?y1 & z no "o has a p]fect bra91 x  
is impossible t ! s\l %\ld ev] correctly
 express itself4 ,is ! s\l responsible =
 ! defects ( ! bra98 ,is x n altoge!r m 
rational to say1 t :at we call m9d      
dep5ds ^u ! bra91 & t ! *ild--m9d1      
inh]its ! defects ( its p>5t--bra98     
,are c]ta9 physical conditions necess>y 
to ! production ( :at we call virtu\s   
actions8 ,is x possible = any?+ to be   
produc$ )\t :at we call cause1 &1 if !  
cause 0 suffici5t1 0 x n necess>ily     

produc$8 ,d n mo/ p mi/ake = fre$om ! "r
 to exam9e _! own *a9s8 ,if morality    
dep5ds ^u conditions1 %\ld x n be ! task
 ( ! great & good to discov] su*        
conditions8 ,may x n be possible s to   
und]/& ! bra9 t we c /op produc+        
crim9als8  ,x may be insi/$ t !re is    
some?+ produc$ by ! bra9 besides        
?\ght--a some?+ t takes cognizance (    
?\ghts--a some?+ t weighs1 comp>es1     
reflects & pron\nces judgm5t4 ,?is      
some?+ _c f9d ! orig9 ( itself4 ,does x 
exi/ indep5d5tly ( ! bra98 ,is x m]ely a
 look]-on8 ,if x is a product ( ! bra91 
!n its p[]1 p]ception1 & judgm5t dep5d  
^u ! quantity1 =m1 & quality ( ! bra94  
,man1 includ+ all 8 attributes1 mu/ h   
be5 necess>ily produc$1 & ! product 0 ! 
*ild ( conditions4  ,mo/ re=m]s h       
inf9ite confid5ce 9 cre$s1 resolutions1 
& laws4 ,!y ?9k ( ! common p z raw      
mat]ial1 out ( :i* !y propose to        
con/ruct in/itutions & gov]nm5ts1 l     
me*anical contrivances1 :]e ea* p]son w 
/& = a cog1 rope1 :eel1 pulley1 bolt1 or

 fuel1 & ! re=m]s w be ! manag]s &      
directors4 ,!y =get t ^! cogs & :eels h 
op9ions ( _! own2 t !y fall out ) o!r   
cogs1 & refuse to turn ) o!r :eels2 t ! 
pulleys & ropes h ideas peculi> to      
!mselves1 & delight 9 mut9y &           
revolution4 ,^! re=m]s h !ories t c only
 be realiz$ :5 o!r p h none4  ,"s "t1 x 
w be f\nd t p c be *ang$ only by *ang+  
_! surr\nd+s4 ,x is alleg$ t1 at lea/   
n9ety-five p] c5t4 ( ! crim9als         
transport$ f ,engl& to ,au/ralia & o!r  
p5al colonies1 became good & useful     
citiz5s 9 a new _w4 ,free f =m]         
associates & associations1 f !          
necessities ( a h>d1 cruel1 &           
competitive civilization1 !y became1 = !
 mo/ "p1 hone/ p4 ,?is imm5se fact ?r[s 
m light ^u social que/ions ?an all !    
!ories ( ! _w4 ,all p are n able to     
support !mselves4 ,!y lack intellig5ce1 
indu/ry1 cunn+--9 %ort1 capacity4 ,!y   
are cont9ually fall+ by ! way4 ,9 ! mid/
 ( pl5ty1 !y are hungry4 ,l>c5y is born 
( want & opportunity4 ,9 passion's /orm1

 ! w is wreck$ ^u ! reefs & rocks (     
crime4  ,! complex1 tangl$ web ( ?\ght &
 dream1 ( p]ception & memory1 (         
imag9ation & judgm5t1 ( wi% & w &       
want--! wov5 wond] ( a life--has nev]   
yet be5 ravel$ back to simple ?reads4   
,%all we n become *>itable & j1 :5 we "k
 t e act is b condition's fruit2 t      
,nature1 ) h] c\ntless h&s1 scatt]s !   
se$s ( te>s & crimes--( e virtue & ( e  
joy2 t all ! base & vile are victims ( !
 ,bl9d1 & t ! good & great h1 9 ! lott]y
 ( life1 by *ance or fate1 drawn he>t & 
bra98  ,wa%+ton1 ,decemb] #ba1 #ahha4   
,,preface ,,to ,,m51 ,,wom5 ,,& ,,gods4 
,,no?+ gives me m pleasure1 no?+ gives  
great] promise = ! future1 ?an ! fact t 
woman is a*iev+ intellectual & physical 
lib]ty4  ,x is refre%+ to "k t "h1 9 our
 c\ntry1 !re are ?\s&s ( wom5 :o ?9k1 & 
express _! ?\ghts--:o are ?or\ghly free 
& ?or\ghly consci5ti\s--:o h nei!r be5  
n>r[$ nor corrupt$ by a he>tless        
cre$--:o d n wor%ip a be+ 9 heav5 :om !y
 w\ld %udd]+ly loa! on e>?--wom5 :o d n 

/& be=e ! alt> ( a cruel fai?1 ) d[nca/ 
eyes ( timid acquiesc5ce1 & pay to      
impud5t au?ority ! tribute ( a ?\ghtless
 yes4 ,!y are no long] satisfi$ ) be+   
told4 ,!y exam9e = !mselves4 ,!y h ceas$
 to be ! prison]s ( society--! satisfi$ 
s]fs ( husb&s1 or ! e*oes ( prie/s4 ,!y 
dem& ! rights t naturally belong to     
intellig5t human be+s4 ,if wives1 !y wi%
 to be ! equals ( husb&s4 ,if mo!rs1 !y 
wi% to re> _! *ildr5 9 ! atmosph]e (    
love1 lib]ty & philosophy4 ,!y believe t
 woman c dis*>ge all h] duties )\t ! aid
 ( sup]/ition1 & pres]ve all t is true1 
pure1 & t5d]1 )\t sacrific+ 9 ! temple (
 absurdity ! convictions ( ! s\l4       
,woman is n ! intellectual inf]ior (    
man4 ,%e has lack$1 n m9d1 b            
opportunity4 ,9 ! long night ( b>b>ism1 
physical /r5g? & ! cruelty to use x1 7 !
 badges ( sup]iority4 ,muscle 0 m ?an   
m9d4 ,9 ! ignorant age ( ,fai?1 ! lov+  
nature ( woman 0 abus$4 ,h] consci5ce 0 
r5d]$ morbid & diseas$4 ,x might almo/  
be said t %e 0 betray$ by h] own        

virtues4 ,at be/ %e secur$1 n           
opportunity1 b flatt]y--! preface to    
degradation4 ,%e 0 depriv$ ( lib]ty1 &  
)\t t1 no?+ is wor? ! hav+4 ,%e 0 taught
 to obey )\t "q1 & to believe )\t ?\ght4
 ,!re 7 univ]sities = m5 be=e ! alphabet
 _h be5 taught to wom54 ,at !           
intellectual fea/1 !re 7 no places =    
wives & mo!rs4 ,ev5 n[ !y sit at !      
second table & eat ! cru/s & crumbs4 ,! 
s*ools = wom51 at ! pres5t "t1 are j f> 
en\gh beh9d ^? = m51 to fall heirs to ! 
disc>d$2 on ! same pr9ciple t :5 a      
doctr9e becomes too absurd = ! pulpit1 x
 is giv5 to ! ,sunday-s*ool4  ,! ages ( 
muscle & miracle--( fi/s & fai?--are    
pass+ away4 ,m9]va occupies at la/ a    
high] ni*e ?an ,h]cules4 ,n[ a ^w is    
/rong] ?an a bl[4 ,at la/ we see wom5 :o
 dep5d ^u !mselves--:o /&1 self pois$1 !
 %ocks ( ?is sad _w1 )\t lean+ = support
 aga9/ a *ur*--:o d n g to ! lit]ature (
 b>b>ism = consolation1 or use !        
falsehoods & mi/akes ( ! pa/ = !        
f\ndation ( _! hope--wom5 brave en\gh & 

t5d] en\gh to meet & be> ! facts &      
=tunes ( ?is _w4  ,! m5 :o decl>e t     
woman is ! intellectual inf]ior ( man1 d
 n1 & _c1 by (f]+ !mselves 9 evid5ce1   
sub/antiate _! decl>ation4  ,yet1 ,i mu/
 admit t !re are ?\s&s ( wives :o /ill h
 fai? 9 ! sav+ p[] ( sup]/ition--:o /ill
 insi/ on att5d+ *ur* :ile husb&s pref] 
! %ores1 ! woods1 or ! fields4 ,9 ?is   
way1 families are divid$4 ,p>5ts gr[    
ap>t1 & unconsci\sly ! pe>l ( greate/   
price is ?r[n away4 ,! wife ceases to be
 ! intellectual companion ( ! husb&4 ,%e
 reads ,! ,*ri/ian ,regi/]1 s]mons 9 !  
,monday pap]s1 & a little gossip ab\t   
folks & fa%ions1 :ile he /udies ! works 
( ,d>w91 ,haeckel1 & ,humboldt4 ,_!     
sympa?ies become e/rang$4 ,!y are no    
long] m5tal fri5ds4 ,! husb& smiles at !
 follies ( ! wife1 & %e weeps = !       
suppos$ s9s ( ! husb&4 ,su* wives %\ld  
read ?is book4 ,!y %\ld n be satisfi$ to
 rema9 =ev] 9 ! cradle ( ?\ght1 amus$ ) 
! toys ( sup]/ition4  ,! p>asite ( woman
 is ! prie/4  ,x mu/ also be admitt$ t  

!re are ?\s&s ( m5 :o believe t         
sup]/ition is good = wom5 & *ildr5--:o  
reg>d falsehood z ! =tress ( virtue1 &  
feel indebt$ to ignorance = ! purity (  
daught]s & ! fidelity ( wives4 ,^! m5   
?9k ( prie/s z detectives 9 disguise1 & 
reg>d ,god z a policeman :o prev5ts     
elopem5ts4 ,_! op9ions ab\t religion are
 z correct z _! e/imate ( woman4  ,!    
*ur* furni%es b little food = ! m9d4 ,p 
( intellig5ce are gr[+ tir$ ( !         
platitudes ( ! pulpit--! it]ations ( !  
it9]ants4 ,! av]age s]mon is z t$i\s z a
 twice told tale vex+ ! e>s ( a dr[sy   
man4  ,"o ,sunday a g5tleman1 :o is a   
great inv5tor1 call$ at my h\se4 ,only a
 few words _h pass$ betwe5 u1 :5 he     
arose1 say+ t he mu/ g z x 0 "t = *ur*4 
,wond]+ t a man ( 8 m5tal weal? c\ld    
enjoy ! intellectual pov]ty ( ! pulpit1 
,i ask$ = an explanation1 & he gave me !
 foll[+3 ,y "k t ,i am an inv5tor4      
,well1 ! mom5t my m9d becomes absorb$ 9 
"s difficult problem1 ,i am afraid t    
some?+ may happ5 to di/ract my att5tion4

 ,n[1 ,i "k t ,i c sit 9 *ur* = an h\r  
)\t ! slighte/ dang] ( hav+ ! curr5t (  
my ?\ght di/urb$4  ,mo/ wom5 cl+ to !   
,bible because !y h be5 taught t to give
 up t book is to give up all hope (     
ano!r life--( ev] meet+ aga9 ! lov$ &   
lo/4 ,!y h also be5 taught t ! ,bible is
 _! fri5d1 _! def5d]1 & ! real civiliz] 
( man4  ,n[1 if !y w only read ?is      
book--^! ?ree lectures1 )\t fe>1 & !n   
read ! ,bible1 !y w see t ! tru? or     
falsity ( ! dogma ( inspiration has no?+
 to d ) ! "q ( immortality4 ,c]ta9ly !  
,old ,te/am5t does n tea* u t !re is    
ano!r life1 & ^u t "q ev5 ! ,new is     
obscure & vague4 ,! hung] ( ! he>t f9ds 
only a few small & scatt]$ crumbs4 ,!re 
is no?+ def9ite1 solid1 & satisfy+4     
,unit$ ) ! idea ( immortality we f9d !  
absurdity ( ! resurrection4 ,a prophecy 
t dep5ds = its fulfillm5t ^u an         
impossibility1 _c satisfy ! bra9 or     
he>t4  ,!re are b few :o d n long = a   
dawn beyond ! night4 ,& ?is long+ is    
born ( & n\ri%$ by ! he>t4 ,love wrapp$ 

9 %ad[--b5d+ ) te>-fill$ eyes above its 
dead1 convulsively clasps ! out/ret*$ h&
 ( hope4  ,i _h ! pleasure ( introduc+  
,miss ,g>d5] to h] fir/ audi5ce1 & 9 t  
introduction said a few words t ,i w    
repeat4  ,we d n "k1 we _c say1 :e!r    
dea? is a wall or a door2 ! beg9n+ or   
end ( a day2 ! spread+ ( p9ions to so>1 
or ! fold+ =ev] ( w+s2 ! rise or ! set (
 a sun1 or an endless life t br+s !     
rapture ( love to e "o4  ,"u ! sev5-hu$ 
ar* ( hope let ! dead sleep4  ,!y w also
 discov]1 z !y read ! ,sacr$ ,volume1 t 
x is n ! fri5d ( woman4 ,!y w f9d t !   
writ]s ( t book1 = ! mo/ "p1 speak (    
woman z a poor bea/ ( burd51 a s]f1 a   
drudge1 a k9d ( necess>y evil--z m]e    
prop]ty4 ,surely1 a book t upholds      
polygamy is n ! fri5d ( wife & "m4  ,ev5
 ,*ri/ did n place woman on an equality 
) man4 ,he said n "o ^w ab\t ! sacr$ness
 ( home1 ! duties ( ! husb& to !        
wife--no?+ calculat$ to light5 ! he>ts (
 ^? :o be> ! sadde/ burd5s ( ?is life4  
,!y w also f9d t ! ,bible has n civiliz$

 mank9d4 ,a book t e/abli%es & def5ds   
slav]y & wanton w> is n calculat$ to    
s(t5 ! he>ts ( ^? :o believe implicitly 
t x is ! "w ( ,god4 ,a book t n only    
p]mits1 b comm&s1 religi\s p]secution1  
has n1 9 my judgm5t1 develop$ !         
affectional nature ( man4 ,its influ5ce 
has be5 bad & bad only4 ,x has fill$ !  
_w ) bitt]ness1 rev5ge & crime1 & ret>d$
 9 c\ntless ways ! progress ( our race4 
,! writ] ( ?is volume has read ! ,bible 
) op5 eyes4 ,! mi/ ( s5tim5tality has n 
cl\d$ h] vision4 ,%e has _h ! c\rage to 
tell ! result ( h] inve/igations4 ,%e   
has be5 quick to discov] contradictions4
 ,%e appreciates ! humor\s side ( !     
/upidly solemn4 ,h] he>t prote/s aga9/ !
 cruel1 & h] bra9 rejects ! *ildi%1 !   
unnatural & absurd4 ,!re is no          
misund]/&+ betwe5 h] head & he>t4 ,%e   
says :at %e ?9ks1 & feels :at %e says4  
,no human be+ c answ] h] argum5ts4 ,!re 
is no answ]4 ,all ! prie/s 9 ! _w _c    
expla9 away h] objections4 ,!re is no   
explanation4 ,!y %\ld rema9 dumb1 unless

 !y c %[ t ! impossible is ! probable--t
 slav]y is bett] ?an fre$om--t polygamy 
is ! fri5d ( woman--t ! innoc5t c ju/ly 
suff] = ! guilty1 & t to p]secute =     
op9ion's sake is an act ( love & wor%ip4
  ,wives :o cease to le>n--:o simply    
=get & believe--w fill ! ev5+ ( _! lives
 ) b>r5 sighs & bitt] te>s4  ,! m9d %\ld
 outla/ y\?4 ,if :5 beauty fades1       
,?\ght1 ! deft & unse5 sculptor1 ha? n  
left 8 subtle l9es ^u ! face1 !n all is 
lo/4 ,no *>m is left4 ,! light is out4  
,!re is no flame )9 to glorify ! wr9kl$ 
clay4  ,h(fman ,h\se1 ,new ,york1 ,july1
 #bb1 #ahhe4     ,,preface ,,to ,,= ,,h]
 ,,daily ,,bread4   ,i ,,h read1 ?is    
/ory1 ?is fragm5t ( a life m+l$ )       
fragm5ts ( o!r lives1 & h be5 pleas$1   
int]e/$1 & in/ruct$4 ,x is fill$ ) !    
pa?os ( tru?1 & has 9 x ! humor t       
accompanies actual exp]i5ce4 ,x has b   
little to d ) ! _w ( imag9ation2 c]ta9  
feel+s are n attribut$ to p]sons born ( 
fancy1 b x is ! hi/ory ( a he>t & bra9  
int]e/$ 9 ! common ?+s ( life4 ,!re are 

no k+s1 no lords1 no titl$ ladies1 b !re
 are real p1 ! p ( ! %op & /reet :om e  
read] kn[s1 & !re are l9es int5se &     
beautiful1 & sc5es t t\* ! he>t4 ,y w   
f9d no !ories ( gov]nm5t1 no hazy       
outl9es ( re=m1 no?+ b facts & folks1 z 
!y h be51 z !y are1 & probably w be = _m
 c5turies to come4  ,if y read ?is book 
y w be conv9c$ t m5 & wom5 are good or  
bad1 *>itable or he>tless1 by reason (  
some?+ )91 & n by virtue ( any "n !y    
be>1 or any trade or pr(ession !y foll[1
 or ( any cre$ !y may accept4 ,y w also 
f9d t m5 sometimes are hone/ & mean2 t  
wom5 may be v virtu\s & v cruel2 t good1
 g5]\s & sympa!tic m5 are (t5           
disreputable1 & t "s exce$+ly wor?y     
citiz5s are extremely mean & uncom=table
 neighbors4  ,x takes a great deal (    
g5ius & a good deal ( selfd5ial to be v 
bad or to be v good4 ,few p und]/& !    
am\nt ( en]gy1 indu/ry1 & self-d5ial x  
requires to be consi/5tly vici\s4 ,p :o 
h a pride 9 be+ good & fail1 & ^? :o h a
 pride 9 be+ bad & fail1 9 ord] to make 

_! records consi/5t g5]ally rely ^u     
hypocrisy4 ,! p t live & hope & fe> 9   
?is book1 are mu* l ! p :o live & hope &
 fe> 9 ! actual _w4 ,! pr(essor is mu* l
 ! pr(essor 9 ! ord9>y college4 ,y w f9d
 ! consci5ti\s1 half-paid tea*]1 !      
hopeful poor1 ! anxi\s ri*1 ! true lov]1
 ! /+y philan?ropi/1 :o c>es = p only 9 
! aggregate1--! individual atom be+ too 
small to attract 8 notice or to enli/ 8 
he>t2 ! sympa!tic man :o loves himself1 
& gives1 n = ! sake ( ! begg>1 b = !    
sake ( gett+ rid ( ! begg>1 & y w also  
f9d ! man g5]\s to a fault--) ! money ( 
o!rs4 ,& ! read] w f9d ^! p describ$    
naturally1 tru?fully & )\t exagg]ation1 
& he w feel c]ta9 t all ^! p h really   
liv$4  ,! read] ( ?is /ory w get "s idea
 z to :at is enc\nt]$ by a girl 9 an    
hone/ ef=t to ga9 h] daily bread4 ,he w 
f9d h[ /eep1 h[ devi\s & h[ difficult is
 ! pa? %e treads4  ,!re are s few       
occupations op5 to woman1 s few ?+s 9   
:i* %e c hope = indep5d5ce1 t to be ?r[n
 ^u h] own res\rces is almo/ equival5t  

to be+ ca/ away4 ,besides1 %e is an     
object ( cont9ual suspicion1 wat*$ n    
only by m5 b by wom54 ,if %e does any?+ 
t o!r wom5 are n do+1 %e is at once     
suspect$1 h] reputation is t\*$1 & o!r  
wom51 = fe> ( be+ /a9$ !mselves1 )draw n
 only ! h& ( help1 b ! smile (          
recognition4 ,a "y woman _c def5d h]self
 )\t tell+ ! *>ge t has be5 made aga9/  
h]4 ,?is1 ( itself1 gives a k9d (       
curr5cy to sl&]4 ,to speak ( ! suspicion
 t has crawl$ across h] pa?1 is to plant
 ! se$s ( d\bt 9 o!r m9ds2 to ev5 d5y x1
 admits t x exi/s4 ,to be suspect$1 t is
 en\gh4 ,!re is no way ( de/roy+ ?is    
suspicion4 ,!re is no c\rt 9 :i*        
suspicions are tri$2 no juries t c r5d] 
v]dicts ( n guilty4 ,mo/ wom5 are driv5 
at la/ to ! ne$le1 & ?is does n all[ !m 
to live2 x simply keeps !m f dy+4  ,x is
 h>d to appreciate ! dang]s &           
difficulties t lie 9 wait = woman4 ,ev5 
9 ?is ,*ri/ian c\ntry ( ours1 no girl is
 safe 9 ! /reets ( any city aft] ! sun  
has gone d[n4 ,aft] all1 ! sun is ! only

 god t has ev] protect$ woman4 ,9 !     
d>kness %e has be5 ! prey ( ! wild bea/ 
9 man4  ,ne>ly all *>itable p1 s-call$1 
imag9e t no?+ is easi] ?an to obta9 "w4 
,!y really feel t anybody1 no matt] :at 
8 circum/ances may be1 c get "w en\gh to
 d if he is only will+ to d ! "w4 ,!y _c
 und]/& :y any heal?y human be+ %\ld    
lack food or clo!s4 ,meet+ ! un=tunate &
 ! wret*$ 9 ! /reets ( ! great city1 !y 
ask !m 9 a k9d ( wond]+ way1 :y !y d n g
 to ! ,we/1 :y !y d n cultivate ! soil1 
& :y !y are s fooli%1 /upid1 & reckless 
z to rema9 9 ! t[n4 ,x w\ld be j z      
s5sible to ask a begg> :y he does n />t 
a bank or a l9e ( /eam%ips1 z to ask him
 :y he does n cultivate ! soil1 or :y he
 does n g to ! ,we/4 ,! man has no money
 to pay 8 f>e1 & if 8 f>e 7 paid he w\ld
 be1 :5 he l&$ 9 ! ,we/1 9 precisely !  
same condition z he 0 :5 he left ! ,ea/4
 ,societies & in/itutions & individuals 
supply ! imm$iate wants ( ! hungry & !  
ragg$1 b !y af=d only ! relief ( !      
mom5t4  ,articles by ! ?\s& h be5 writt5

 = ! purpose ( %[+ t wom5 %\ld become   
s]vants 9 h\ses1 & ! writ]s ( ^!        
articles are fill$ ) a/oni%m5t t any    
girl %\ld hesitate to ent] dome/ic      
s]vice4 ,!y tell u t ne>ly e family ne$s
 a good cook1 a good *amb]maid1 a good  
sweep] ( floors & wa%] ( di%es1 a good  
/\t girl to c>ry ! baby & draw ! wagon1 
& ^! good p express ! greate/ a/oni%m5t 
t all girls are n anxi\s to become      
dome/ics4 ,!y tell !m t !y w be suppli$ 
) good food1 t !y w h com=table b$s &   
w>m clo?+1 & !y ask1 ,:at m d y want8   
,^! p h n1 h[ev]1 solv$ ! problem4 ,if  
girls1 z a rule1 keep away f kit*5s &   
*amb]s1 if !y hate to be controll$ by   
o!r wom51 !re mu/ be a reason4 ,:5 we   
see a "y woman pref] a cl]k%ip 9 a      
/ore1--a bus9ess :i* keeps h] ^u h] feet
 all day1 & s5ds h] to h] lonely room1  
fill$ ) we>9ess & despair1 & :5 we see  
o!r girls :o are will+ to sew = a few   
c5ts a day r ?an become ! maid ( my     
lady1 !re mu/ be "s reason1 & ?is reason
 mu/ be deem$ suffici5t by ! p]sons :o  

are actuat$ by x4 ,:at is x8  ,e human  
be+ imag9es t ! future has some?+ 9 /ore
 = him4 ,x is natural to build ^! ca/les
 9 ,spa94 ,x is natural = a girl to     
dream ( be+ lov$ by ! noble1 by ! sup]b1
 & x is natural = ! "y man to dream (   
success1 ( a home1 ( a good1 a beautiful
 & lov+ wife4 ,^! dreams are ! solace ( 
pov]ty2 !y keep back ! te>s 9 ! eyes ( !
 "y & ! hungry4 ,to engage 9 any labor t
 degrades1 9 any "w t leaves a /a91 9   
any bus9ess ! m5tion ( :i* is liable to 
r$d5 ! *eek1 seems to be a de/ruction ( 
! f\ndation ( hope1 a de/ruction ( !    
future2 x seems to be a crucifixion ( 8 
or h] bett] self4 ,x assass9ates !      
ideal4  ,x may be said t labor is noble1
 t "w is a k9d ( religion1 & :oev] says 
?is tells ! tru?1 ,b aft] all1 :at has !
 tru? to d ) ?is "q8 ,:at is ! op9ion ( 
society8--,:at is ! result8 ,x cures no 
w\nd to say t x 0 wrongfully inflict$4  
,! op9ion ( s5sible p is "o way1 !      
action ( society is inconsi/5t ) t      
op9ion4 ,dome/ic s]vants are treat$ z   

?\gh _! employm5t 0 & is a degradation4 
,bank]s1 m]*ants1 pr(essional m51 m9i/]s
 ( ! gospel1 d n want _! sons to become 
! husb&s ( *amb]maids & cooks4 ,small   
h&s are beautiful2 !y d n tell ( labor4 
,i h giv5 "o reason2 !re is ano!r4 ,! "w
 ( a dome/ic is nev] done4 ,%e is liable
 to be call$ at any mom5t1 day or night4
 ,%e has no "t t %e c call h] own4 ,a   
woman :o works by ! piece c take a      
little re/2 if %e is a cl]k %e has c]ta9
 h\rs ( labor & ! re/ ( ! day is h] own4
  ,& !re is /ill ano!r reason t ,i almo/
 hate to give1 & t is ?is3 ,z a rule1   
woman is exact+ ) woman4 ,z a rule1     
woman does n treat woman z well z man   
treats man1 or z well z man treats      
woman4 ,!re are _m o!r reasons1 b ,i h  
giv5 en\gh4  ,= _m ye>s1 wom5 h be5     
seek+ employm5t o!r ?an t ( dome/ic     
s]vice4 ,!y h s hat$ ?is occupation1 t  
!y h s\ght 9 e possible direction = o!r 
ways to w9 _! bread4 ,at la/ hundr$s (  
employm5ts are op5 to !m1 &1 z a        
consequ5ce1 dome/ic s]vants are ^? :o c 

get no?+ else to d4  ,9 ! old5 "t1      
s]vants sat at ! table ) ! family2 !y 7 
treat$ some?+ l human be+s1 h>%ly en\gh 
to be sure1 b 9 _m cases almo/ z equals4
 ,n[ ! kit*5 is f> away f ! p>lor4 ,x is
 ano!r _w1 occupi$ by individuals ( a   
diff]5t race4 ,!re is no bond (         
sympa?y--no common gr\nd4 ,?is is       
especially true 9 a ,republic4 ,9 ! ,old
 ,_w1 p occupy+ m5ial places acc\nt = _!
 positions by call+ att5tion to !       
laws--to ! h]$it>y nobility & ! univ]sal
 _s ( ca/e4 ,"h1 !re are no su* excuses4
 ,all are suppos$ to h equal            
opportunities1 & ^? :o are compell$ to  
labor = _! daily bread1 9 avocations t  
require only bodily /r5g?1 are reg>d$ z 
failures4 ,x is ?is fact t /abs l a     
knife4 ,& yet 9 ! conclusion drawn1 !re 
is b little tru?4 ,"s ( ! noble/ & be/  
pass _! lives 9 daily drudg]y &         
unremun]ative toil--:ile _m ( ! mean1   
vici\s & /upid rea* place & p[]4  ,?is  
/ory is fill$ ) sympa?y = ! de/itute1 = 
! /ruggl+1 & t5ds to keep ! /> ( hope   

above ! horizon ( ! un=tunate4 ,aft]    
all1 we "k b little ( ! _w1 & h b a fa9t
 conception ( ! burd5s t are borne1 & ( 
! c\rage & h]oism display$ by ! unreg>d$
 poor4 ,let ! ri* read ^! pages2 !y w h 
a k9d] feel+ t[>d ^? :o toil2 let !     
work]s read !m1 & !y w ?9k bett] (      
!mselves4     ,,preface ,,to            
,,agno/icism ,,& ,,o!r ,,essays4   ,i4  
,,edg> ,,fawcett--a great poet1 a       
metaphysician & logician--has be5 = ye>s
 engag$ 9 explor+ t /range _w :]e9 are  
suppos$ to be ! spr+s ( human action4   
,he has s\ght = some?+ back ( motives1  
reasons1 fancies1 passions1 prejudices1 
& ! c\ntless tides & t5d5cies t         
con/itute ! life ( man4  ,he has f\nd "s
 ( ! limitations ( m9d1 & kn[s t beg9n+ 
at t lum9\s c5tre call$ consci\sness1 a 
few %ort /eps br+ u to ! prison wall :]e
 vision fails & all light dies4 ,beyond 
?is wall ! et]nal d>kness broods4 ,?is  
gloom is ! o!r _w ( ! sup]naturali/4 ,) 
him1 real vision beg9s :]e ! sight      
fails4 ,he rev]ses ! ord] ( nature4     

,facts become illusions1 & illusions !  
only realities4 ,he believes t ! cause (
 ! image1 ! reality1 is beh9d ! mirror4 
,a few c5turies ago ! prie/s said to _! 
foll[]s3 ,! o!r _w is above y2 x is j   
beyond :]e y see4 ,aft]w>d1 ! a/ronom] )
 8 telescope look$1 & ask$ ! prie/s3    
,:]e is ! _w ( :i* y speak8 ,& ! prie/s 
repli$3 ,x has rec$$--x is j beyond :]e 
y see4  ,z long z !re is a beyond1 !re  
is room = ! prie/s' _w4 ,!ology is !    
geography ( ?is beyond4  ,betwe5 !      
,*ri/ian & ! ,agno/ic !re is ! diff]5ce 
( ass]tion & "q--betwe5 ,!re is a ,god &
 ,is !re a ,god8 ,! ,agno/ic has !      
arrogance to admit 8 ignorance1 :ile !  
,*ri/ian f ! dep?s ( humility impud5tly 
insi/s t he kn[s4  ,mr4 ,fawcett has %[n
 t at ! root ( religion lies ! coil$    
s]p5t ( fe>1 & t c]emony1 pray]1 &      
wor%ip are ways & means to ga9 !        
assi/ance or s(t5 ! he>t ( a suppos$    
deity4  ,he also %[s t z man advances 9 
k he loses confid5ce 9 ! wat*fulness (  
,provid5ce & 9 ! efficacy ( pray]4      

,,ii4  ,,sci5ce4  ,! savage is c]ta9 (  
^? ?+s t _c be kn[n4 ,he is acqua9t$ )  
orig9 & de/9y1 & kn[s ev]y?+ except t   
:i* is useful4 ,! civiliz$ man1 hav+    
outgr[n ! ignorance1 ! arrogance1 & !   
prov9cialism ( savag]y1 ab&ons ! va9    
se>* = f9al causes1 = ! nature & orig9 (
 ?+s4  ,9 ne>ly e dep>tm5t ( sci5ce man 
is all[$ to inve/igate1 & ! discov]y ( a
 new fact is welcom$1 unless x ?reat5s  
"s cre$4  ,( c\rse !re c be no advance 9
 a religion e/abli%$ by inf9ite wisdom4 
,! only progress possible is 9 !        
compreh5sion ( ?is religion4  ,= _m     
g5]ations1 :at is kn[n "u a va/ numb] ( 
disguises & beh9d _m masks z ! ,*ri/ian 
religion1 has be5 propagat$ & pres]v$ by
 ! sword & bayonet--t is to say1 by =ce4
 ,! cr$ulity ( man has be5 brib$ & 8    
reason puni%$4 ,^? :o believ$ )\t !     
slighte/ "q1 & ^: fai? held evid5ce 9   
contempt1 7 sa9ts2 ^? :o inve/igat$ 7   
dang]\s1 & ^? :o d5i$ 7 de/roy$4  ,e    
attack ^u ?is religion has be5 made 9 ! 
%ad[ ( human & div9e hatr$--9 defiance (

 e>? & heav54 ,at "o "t ,*ri/5dom 0     
b5ea? ! ignorant feet ( "o man1 & ^? :o 
d5i$ 8 infallibility 7 h]etics & ,a!i/s4
 ,at la/1 a prote/ 0 utt]$4 ,! "r (     
consci5ce 0 proclaim$1 to ! ext5t ( mak+
 a *oice betwe5 ! infallible man & !    
infallible book4 ,^? :o reject$ ! man & 
accept$ ! book became 9 _! turn z       
m]ciless1 z tyrannical & he>tless1 z !  
foll[]s ( ! infallible man4 ,!          
,prote/ants insi/$ t an inf9itely wise &
 good ,god w\ld n all[ crim9als &       
wret*es to act z 8 infallible ag5ts4    
,aft]w>d1 a few prote/$ aga9/ !         
infallibility ( ! book1 us+ ! same      
argum5ts aga9/ ! book t _h =m]ly be5 us$
 aga9/ ! pope4 ,!y said t an inf9itely  
wise & good ,god c\ld n be ! au?or ( a  
cruel & ignorant book4 ,b ^? :o prote/$ 
aga9/ ! book fell into sub/antially !   
same error t _h be5 fall5 into by ^? :o 
_h prote/$ aga9/ ! man4 ,:ile !y d5\nc$ 
! book1 & insi/$ t an inf9itely wise &  
good be+ c\ld n h be5 its au?or1 !y took
 ! gr\nd t an inf9itely wise & good be+ 

0 ! creator & gov]nor ( ! _w4  ,!n 0 us$
 aga9/ !m ! same argum5t t _h be5 us$ by
 ! ,prote/ants aga9/ ! pope & by !      
,dei/s aga9/ ! ,prote/ants4 ,att5tion 0 
call$ to ! fact t ,nature is z cruel z  
any pope or any book--t x is j z easy to
 acc\nt = ! de/ruction ( ! ,canaanites  
consi/5tly ) ! goodness ( ,jehovah z to 
acc\nt = pe/il5ce1 e>?quake1 & flood    
consi/5tly ) ! goodness ( ! ,god (      
,nature4  ,! ,prote/ant & ,dei/ bo? us$ 
argum5ts aga9/ ! ,ca?olic t c\ld 9 turn 
be us$ ) equal =ce aga9/ !mselves4 ,s t 
!re is no "q among intellig5t p z to !  
infallibility ( ! pope1 z to !          
inspiration ( ! book1 or z to ! exi/5ce 
( ! ,*ri/ian's ,god--= ! conclusion has 
be5 rea*$ t ! human m9d is incapable (  
decid+ z to ! orig9 & de/9y ( ! univ]se4
  ,= _m g5]ations ! m9d ( man has be5   
travel+ 9 a circle4 ,x accept$ )\t "q ! 
dogma ( a ,fir/ ,cause--( ! exi/5ce ( a 
,creator--( an ,inf9ite ,m9d back (     
matt]1 & s\ght 9 _m ways to def9e its   
ignorance 9 ?is behalf4 ,! mo/ s9c]e    

wor%ip]s h decl>$ t ?is be+ is          
incompreh5sible1--t he is )\t body1     
p>ts1 or passions--t he is inf9itely    
beyond _! grasp1 & at ! same "t h insi/$
 t x 0 necess>y = man n only to believe 
9 ! exi/5ce ( ?is be+1 b to love him )  
all 8 he>t4  ,*ri/ianity hav+ always be5
 9 p>tn]%ip ) ! /ate1--hav+ controll$   
k+s & nobles1 judges & legislators--hav+
 be5 9 p>tn]%ip ) armies & ) e =m (     
organiz$ de/ruction1--x 0 dang]\s to    
discuss ! f\ndation ( its au?ority4 ,to 
speak lightly ( any dogma 0 a crime     
puni%able by dea?4 ,e absurdity has be5 
ba/ion$ & b>ricad$ by ! p[] ( ! /ate4 ,x
 has be5 protect$ by fi/1 by club1 by   
sword & cannon4  ,= _m ye>s ,*ri/ianity 
succe$$ 9 sub/antially clos+ ! m\?s (   
its enemies1 & liv$ & fl\ri%$ only :]e  
inve/igation & discussion 7 prev5t$ by  
hypocrisy & bigotry4 ,! *ur* /ill talks 
ab\t evid5ce1 ab\t reason1 ab\t fre$om (
 consci5ce & ! lib]ty ( spee*1 & yet    
d5\nces ^? :o ask = evid5ce1 :o appeal  
to reason1 & :o hone/ly express _!      

?\ghts4  ,to-day we "k t ! miracles (   
,*ri/ianity are z pu]ile & false z ^?   
ascrib$ to ! m$ic9e-m5 ( ,c5tral ,africa
 or ! ,fiji ,isl&]s1 & t ! sacr$        
,scriptures h ! same claim to           
inspiration t ! ,koran has1 or ! ,book (
 ,mormon--no less1 no m4 ,^! que/ions h 
be5 settl$ & laid aside by free &       
intellig5t p4 ,!y h ceas$ to excite     
int]e/2 & ! man :o n[ really believes 9 
! tru? ( ! ,old ,te/am5t is reg>d$ ) a  
smile-- look$ ^u z an ag$ *ild--/ill    
satisfi$ ) ! lullabys & toys ( ! cradle4
   ,,iii4  ,,morality4  ,x is cont5d$ t 
)\t religion--t is to say1 )\t          
,*ri/ianity--all ideas ( morality mu/ ( 
necessity p]i%1 & t spirituality &      
rev]5ce w be lo/4  ,:at is morality8    
,is x to obey )\t "q1 or is x to act 9  
accordance ) p]ceiv$ obligation8 ,is x  
some?+ ) :i* intellig5ce has no?+ to d8 
,mu/ ! ignorant *ild c>ry out ! comm& ( 
! wise fa!r--! rude peasant ru% to dea? 
at ! reque/ ( ! pr9ce8  ,is x impossible
 = morality to exi/ :]e ! bra9 & he>t   

are 9 p>tn]%ip8 ,is !re no f\ndation =  
morality except puni%m5t ?reat5$ or     
rew>d promis$ by a sup]ior to an        
inf]ior8 ,if ?is be true1 h[ c ! sup]ior
 be virtu\s8 ,_c ! rew>d & ! ?reat be 9 
! nature ( ?+s8 ,c !y n re/ 9           
consequ5ces p]ceiv$ by ! intellect8 ,h[ 
c ! exi/5ce or non-exi/5ce ( a deity    
*ange my obligation to keep my h&s out (
 ! fire8  ,! results ( all actions are  
equally c]ta91 b n equally kn[n1 n      
equally p]ceiv$4 ,if all m5 knew )      
p]fect c]ta9ty t to /eal f ano!r 0 to   
rob !mselves1 l>c5y w\ld cease4 ,x _c be
 said too (t5 t actions are good or bad 
9 ! light ( consequ5ces1 & t a cle>     
p]ception ( consequ5ces w\ld control    
actions4 ,t :i* increases ! sum ( human 
happ9ess is moral2 & t :i* dim9i%es !   
sum ( human happ9ess is immoral4 ,bl9d1 
unreason+ ob$i5ce is ! enemy ( morality4
 ,slav]y is n ! fri5d ( virtue4 ,actions
 are nei!r "r nor wrong by virtue ( :at 
m5 or gods c say--! "r or wrong lives 9 
results--9 ! nature ( ?+s1 gr[+ out (   

relations violat$ or caus$4             
,acc\ntability lives 9 ! nature (       
consequ5ces--9 _! absolute c]ta9ty--9 ! 
fact t !y _c be placat$1 avoid$1 or     
brib$4  ,! relations ( human life are   
too complicat$ to be accurately & cle>ly
 und]/ood1 &1 z a consequ5ce1 rules (   
action v>y f age to age4 ,! ideas ( "r &
 wrong *ange ) ! exp]i5ce ( ! race1 &   
?is *ange is wr\ght by ! gradual        
asc]ta9+ ( consequ5ces--( results4 ,=   
?is reason ! religion ( "o age fails to 
meet ! /&>d ( ano!r1 precisely z ! laws 
t satisfi$ our ance/ors are repeal$ by  
u2 s t1 9 spite ( all ef=ts1 religion   
itself is subject to gradual & p]petual 
*ange4  ,! miracul\s is no long] ! basis
 ( morals4 ,man is a s5ti5t be+--he     
suff]s & enjoys4 ,9 ord] to be happy he 
mu/ pres]ve ! conditions ( well-be+--mu/
 live 9 accordance ) c]ta9 facts by :i* 
he is surr\nd$4 ,if he violates ^!      
conditions ! result is unhapp9ess1      
failure1 disease1 mis]y4  ,man mu/ h    
food1 ro(1 raim5t1 fireside1 fri5ds--t  

is to say1 prosp]ity2 & ?is he mu/      
e>n--?is he mu/ des]ve4 ,he is no long] 
satisfi$ ) be+ a slave1 ev5 ( !         
,inf9ite4 ,he wi%es to p]ceive =        
himself1 to und]/&1 to inve/igate1 to   
exp]im5t2 & he has at la/ ! c\rage to   
be> ! consequ5ces t he br+s ^u himself4 
,he has also f\nd t ^? :o are ! mo/     
religi\s are n always ! k9de/1 & t ^? :o
 h be5 & are ! wor%ip]s ( ,god enslave  
_! fell[-m54 ,he has f\nd t !re is no   
necess>y connection betwe5 religion &   
morality4  ,morality ne$s no sup]natural
 assi/ance--ne$s nei!r miracle nor      
pret5ce4 ,x has no?+ to d ) awe1        
rev]5ce1 cr$ulity1 or bl9d1 unreason+   
fai?4 ,morality is ! highway p]ceiv$ by 
! s\l1 ! direct road1 lead+ to success1 
honor1 & happ9ess4  ,! be/ ?+ to d "u ! 
circum/ances is moral4  ,! highe/       
possible /&>d is human4 ,we put         
ourselves 9 ! places ( o!rs4 ,we are    
made happy by ! k9dness ( o!rs1 & we    
feel t a fair ex*ange ( good actions is 
! wise/ & be/ comm]ce4 ,we "k t o!rs c  

make u mis]able by acts ( hatr$ &       
inju/ice1 & we %r9k f inflict+ ! pa9 ^u 
o!rs t we h felt ourselves2 ?is is !    
f\ndation ( consci5ce4  ,if man c\ld n  
suff]1 ! words "r & wrong c\ld nev] h   
be5 spok54  ,! ,agno/ic1 ! ,infidel1    
cle>ly p]ceives ! true basis ( morals1  
&1 s p]ceiv+1 he kn[s t ! religi\s man1 
! sup]/iti\s man1 c>+ m = ,god ?an = 8  
fell[s1 w sacrifice 8 fell[s1 ei!r at ! 
suppos$ comm& ( 8 ,god1 or to w9 8      
approbation4 ,he also kn[s t !          
religioni/ has no basis = morals except 
^! suppos$ comm&s4 ,! basis ( morality )
 him lies n 9 ! nature ( ?+s1 b 9 !     
caprice ( "s deity4 ,he seems to ?9k t1 
_h x n be5 = ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts1 l>c5y &  
murd] might h be5 virtues4   ,,iv4      
,,spirituality4  ,:at is x to be        
spiritual8  ,is ?is f9e quality ( ! m9d 
de/roy$ by ! developm5t ( ! bra98 ,z !  
doma9 wre/$ by sci5ce f ignorance       
increases--z isl& aft] isl& & cont95t   
aft] cont95t are discov]$--z /> aft] /> 
& con/ellation aft] con/ellation 9 !    

intellectual _w bur/ ^u ! midnight (    
ignorance1 does ! spirituality ( ! m9d  
gr[ less & less8 ,l morality1 is x only 
f\nd 9 ! company ( ignorance &          
sup]/ition8 ,is ! spiritual man hone/1  
k9d1 c&id8--or di%one/1 cruel &         
hypocritical8 ,does he say :at he ?9ks8 
,is he guid$ by reason8 ,is he ! fri5d (
 ! "r8--! *ampion ( ! tru?8 ,mu/ ?is    
spl5did quality call$ spirituality be   
reta9$ ?r\gh ! loss ( c&or8 ,c we n     
tru?fully say t absolute c&or is !      
beg9n+ ( wisdom8  ,to recognize ! f9]   
h>monies ( conduct--to live to !        
ideal--to sep>ate ! incid5tal1 !        
evanesc5t1 f ! p]petual--to be en*ant$ )
 ! p]fect melody ( tru?--op5 to !       
influ5ces ( ! arti/ic1 ! beautiful1 !   
h]oic--to %$ k9dness z ! sun %$s        
light--to recognize ! good 9 o!rs1 & to 
include ! _w 9 ! idea ( self--?is is to 
be spiritual4  ,!re is no?+ spiritual 9 
! wor%ip ( ! unkn[n & unkn[able1 9 !    
self-d5ial ( a slave at ! comm& ( a ma/]
 :om he fe>s4 ,fa/+s1 pray+s1           

mutilations1 kneel+s1 & mortifications  
are ei!r ! results (1 or result 91      
insanity4  ,?is is ! spirituality (     
,b$lam1 & is ( no k9dr$ ) ! s\l t f9ds  
its greate/ joy 9 ! dis*>ge ( obligation
 p]ceiv$4   ,v4  ,,rev]5ce4  ,:at is    
rev]5ce8  ,x is ! feel+ produc$ :5 we /&
 9 ! pres5ce ( our ideal1 or ( t :i* mo/
 ne>ly approa*es x--t :i* is produc$ by 
:at we consid] ! highe/ degree (        
excell5ce4  ,! highe/ is rev]5c$1       
prais$1 & admir$ )\t qualification4     
,ea* man rev]5ces accord+ to 8 nature1 8
 exp]i5ce1 8 intellectual developm5t4   
,he may rev]5ce' ,n]o or ,m>cus         
,aurelius1 ,jehovah or ,buddha1 ! au?or 
( ,leviticus or ,%akespe>e4 ,?\s&s ( m5 
rev]5ce ,john ,calv91 ,torquemada1 & !  
,puritan fa!rs2 & "s h great] respect = 
,jona?an ,edw>ds ?an = ,capta9 ,kidd4   
,a va/ numb] ( p h great rev]5ce = any?+
 t is cov]$ by m\ld1 or moss1 or mildew4
 ,!y b[ l[ be=e rot & ru/1 & adore !    
wor?less ?+s t h be5 sav$ by ! neglig5ce
 ( oblivion4  ,!y are en*ant$ ) ! dull &

 fad+ daubs ( ! old ma/]s1 & hold 9     
contempt ^? miracles ( art1 ! pa9t+s (  
to-day4  ,!y wor%ip ! anci5t1 ! %ad[y1 !
 my/]i\s1 ! wond]ful4 ,!y d\bt ! value (
 any?+ t !y und]/&4  ,! cre$ ( ,*ri/5dom
 is ! enemy ( morality4 ,x tea*es t !   
innoc5t c ju/ly suff] = ! guilty1 t     
consequ5ces c be avoid$ by rep5tance1 & 
t 9 ! _w ( m9d ! great fact kn[n z cause
 & effect does n apply4  ,x is ! enemy (
 spirituality1 because x tea*es t       
cr$ulity is ( m value ?an conduct1 &    
because x p\rs contempt ^u human love by
 rais+ f> above x ! adoration ( a       
phantom4  ,x is ! enemy ( rev]5ce4 ,x   
makes ignorance ! f\ndation ( virtue4 ,x
 belittles ! useful1 & *eap5s ! noble/  
(6 ! virtues4 ,x tea*es man to live on  
m5tal alms1 & glorifies ! intellectual  
paup]4 ,x holds c&or 9 contempt1 & is ! 
malignant foe ( m5tal manhood4   ,,vi4  
,,exi/5ce ,,( ,,god4  ,mr4 ,fawcett has 
%[n conclusively t x is no easi] to     
e/abli% ! exi/5ce ( an inf9itely wise & 
good be+ by ! exi/5ce ( :at we call good

 ?an to e/abli% ! exi/5ce ( an inf9itely
 bad be+ by :at we call bad4  ,no?+ c be
 sur] ?an t ! hi/ory ( ?is _w furni%es  
no f\ndation on :i* to base an inf]5ce t
 x has be5 gov]n$ by inf9ite wisdom &   
goodness4 ,s t]rible has be5 ! condition
 ( man1 t religioni/s 9 all ages h      
endeavor$ to excuse ,god by acc\nt+ = ! 
evils ( ! _w by ! wick$ness ( m54 ,& !  
fa!rs ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* 7 =c$ to take !
 gr\nd t ?is _w _h be5 fill$ ) bri]s &  
?orns1 ) deadly s]p5ts & ) poison\s     
we$s1 ) disease & crime & e>?quake &    
pe/il5ce & /orm1 by ! curse ( ,god4  ,! 
probability is t no ,god has curs$1 & t 
no ,god w bless1 ?is e>?4 ,man suff]s & 
enjoys accord+ to conditions4 ,! sun    
%9es )\t love1 & ! lightn+ bla/s )\t    
hate4 ,man is ! ,provid5ce ( man4       
,nature gives to our eyes all !y c see1 
to our e>s all !y c he>1 & to ! m9d :at 
x c compreh5d4 ,! human race reaps !    
fruit ( e victory won on ! fields (     
intellectual or physical conflict4 ,we h
 no "r to expect some?+ = no?+4 ,man w  

reap no h>ve/ ! se$s ( :i* he has n s[n4
  ,! race mu/ be guid$ by intellig5ce1  
mu/ be free to inve/igate1 & mu/ h !    
c\rage & ! c&or n only to /ate :at is   
kn[n1 b to *e]fully admit ! limitations 
( ! m9d4  ,no intellig5t1 hone/ man c   
read :at ,mr4 ,fawcett has writt5 & !n  
say t he kn[s ! orig9 & de/9y ( ?+s--t  
he kn[s :e!r an inf9ite ,be+ exi/s or n1
 & t he kn[s :e!r ! s\l ( man is or is n
 immortal4  ,9 ! l& (--------1 !        
geography ( :i* is n c]ta9ly kn[n1 !re 0
 = _m ye>s a great dispute among !      
inhabitants z to :i* road l$ to ! city (
 ,miragia1 ! capital ( _! c\ntry1 & kn[n
 to be ! mo/ delightful city on ! e>?4  
,= fifty g5]ations ! discussion z to :i*
 road l$ to ! city _h be5 c>ri$ on ) !  
greate/ bitt]ness1 until f9ally ! p 7   
divid$ into a great numb] ( p>ties1 ea* 
p>ty claim+ t ! road lead+ to ! city _h 
be5 miracul\sly made kn[n to ! f\nd] ( t
 p>ticul> sect4 ,! v>i\s p>ties sp5t mo/
 ( _! "t putt+ up guide-bo>ds on ^!     
roads & te>+ d[n ! guide-bo>ds ( o!rs4  

,hundr$s ( ?\s&s _h be5 kill$1 prisons 7
 fill$1 & ! fields _h be5 ravag$ by !   
ho/s ( w>4  ,"o day1 a wise man1 a      
patriot1 wi%+ to br+ peace to 8 c\ntry1 
met ! lead]s ( ! v>i\s sects & ask$ !m  
:e!r x 0 absolutely c]ta9 t ! city (    
,miragia exi/$4 ,he call$ _! att5tion to
 ! facts t no resid5t ( t city _h ev]   
visit$ !m & t none ( _! fell[-m5 :o _h  
/>t$ = ! capital _h ev] return$1 &      
mode/ly ask$ :e!r x w\ld n be bett] to  
satisfy !mselves beyond a d\bt t !re 0  
su* a city1 add+ t ! location ( ! city  
w\ld det]m9e :i* ( all ! roads 0 ! "r   
"o4  ,! lead]s he>d ^! words ) amazem5t4
 ,!y d5\nc$ ! speak] z a wret* )\t      
morality1 spirituality1 or rev]5ce1 &   
!reupon he 0 torn 9 pieces4             
,,preface ,,to ,,fai? ,,or ,,fact4   ,i 
,,l to "k ! ?\ghts1 !ories & conclusions
 ( an hone/1 intellig5t man2 c&or is    
always *>m+1 & x is a delight to feel t 
y h become acqua9t$ ) a s9c]e s\l4  ,i h
 read ?is book ) great pleasure1 n only 
because ,i "k1 & greatly e/eem ! au?or1 

n only because he is my unwav]+ fri5d1 b
 because x is full ( good s5se1 (       
accurate /atem5t1 ( s\nd logic1 ( exalt$
 ?\ghts happily express$1 & = ! fur!r   
reason t x is aga9/ tyranny1 sup]/ition1
 bigotry1 & e =m ( inju/ice1 & 9 favor (
 e virtue4  ,h5ry ,m4 ,tab]1 ! au?or1   
has = _m ye>s tak5 great int]e/ 9       
religi\s que/ions4 ,he 0 rais$ 9 an     
or?odox atmosph]e1 0 acqua9t$ ) _m em95t
 cl]gym5 f :om he endeavor$ to f9d out  
:at ,*ri/ianity is--& ! facts & evid5ce 
reli$ on to e/abli% ! tru? ( ! cre$s4   
,he f\nd t ! cl]gy ( ev5 ! same         
d5om9ation did n agree--t "s ( !m prea*$
 "o way & talk$ ano!r1 & t _m ( !m seem$
 to reg>d ! cre$ z some?+ to be accept$ 
:e!r x 0 believ$ or n4 ,he f\nd t ea* "o
 gave 8 own con/ruction to ! dogmas t   
seem$ he>tless or unreasonable4 ,:ile "s
 insi/$ t ! ,bible 0 absolutely true & !
 cre$ )\t error1 o!rs admitt$ t !re 7   
mi/akes 9 ! sacr$ volume & t ! cre$     
ought to be revis$4 ,f9d+ ^! diff]5ces  
among ! m9i/]s1 ! %eph]ds1 & also f9d+ t

 no "o pret5d$ to h any evid5ce except  
fai?1 or any facts b ass]tions1 he      
conclud$ to inve/igate ! claims (       
,*ri/ianity = himself4  ,= half a c5tury
 he has wat*$ ! ebb & fl[ ( public      
op9ion1 ! gr[? ( sci5ce1 ! crumbl+ (    
cre$s--! decay ( ! !ological _s1 ! wan+ 
influ5ce ( ! or?odox pulpit1 ! loss (   
confid5ce 9 special provid5ce & !       
efficacy ( pray]4  ,he has liv$ to see !
 *ur* on ! def5sive--to he> fai? ask+ = 
facts--& to see ! %ot & %ell ( sci5ce   
batt] into %apelessness ! =tresses (    
sup]/ition4 ,he has liv$ to see         
,infidels1 blasphem]s & ,agno/ics !     
lead]s ( ! intellectual _w4 ,9 8 "t !   
sup]naturali/s h lo/ ! sceptre & h tak5 
_! places 9 ! abject re>4  ,fifty ye>s  
ago ! or?odox ,*ri/ians believ$ _!      
cre$s4 ,to !m ! ,bible 0 an actual      
revelation f ,god4 ,e ^w 0 true4 ,moses 
& ,jo%ua 7 reg>d$ z philosoph]s &       
sci5ti/s4 ,all ! miracles &             
impossibilities record$ 9 ! ,bible 7    
accept$ z facts4 ,cr$ulity 0 ! greate/ (

 virtues4 ,ev]y?+1 except ! reasonable1 
0 believ$1 & x 0 consid]$ wick$ly       
presumptu\s to d\bt any?+ except facts4 
,! reasonable ?+s 9 ! ,bible c\ld safely
 be d\bt$1 b to d5y ! miracles 0 l ! s9 
aga9/ ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,9 ^? days !       
prea*]s 7 at ! helm4 ,!y spoke )        
au?ority4 ,!y knew ! orig9 & de/9y ( !  
s\l4 ,!y 7 on famili> t]ms ) !          
,tr9ity--! ?ree-head$ ,god4 ,!y knew !  
n>r[ pa? t l$ to heav5 & ! great highway
 along :i* ! multitude 7 travel+ to !   
,prison ( ,pa94  ,:ile ^! rev]5d g5tlem5
 7 busy try+ to prev5t ! developm5t ( ! 
bra9 & to conv9ce ! p t ! good 9 ?is    
life 7 mis]able1 t virtue wore a cr[n ( 
?orns & c>ri$ a cross1 :ile ! wick$ &   
ungodly walk$ 9 ! sun%9e ( joy1 yet t   
aft] dea? ! wick$ w\ld be et]nally      
tortur$ & ! good et]nally rew>d$4       
,accord+ to ! pi\s philosophy ! good    
,god puni%$ virtue1 & rew>d$ vice1 9 ?is
 _w--& 9 ! next1 rew>d$ virtue & puni%$ 
vice4 ,^! div9e tru?s fill$ _! he>ts )  
holy peace--) pi\s resignation4 ,x w\ld 

be difficult to det]m9e :i* gave !m !   
great] joy--! hope ( heav5 = !mselves1  
or ! c]ta9ty ( hell = _! enemies4 ,= !  
grace ( ,god !y 7 fairly ?ankful1 b = 8 
ju/ice _! gratitude 0 b\ndless4 ,f !    
heights ( heav5 !y expect$ to witness ! 
et]nal trag$y 9 hell4  ,:ile ^! good    
div9es1 ^! doctors ( div9ity1 7 busy    
mis9t]pret+ ! ,scriptures1 d5y+ facts & 
describ+ ! glories & agonies ( et]nity1 
a good _m o!r p 7 try+ to f9d out some?+
 ab\t ?is _w4 ,!y 7 busy ) retort &     
crucible1 se>*+ ! heav5s ) ! telescope1 
exam9+ rocks & crat]s1 reefs & isl&s1   
/udy+ plant & animal life1 inv5t+ ways  
to use ! =ces ( nature = ! b5efit ( man1
 & 9 e direction se>*+ = ! tru?4 ,!y 7 n
 try+ to de/roy religion or to injure ! 
cl]gy4 ,_m ( !m 7 memb]s ( *ur*es &     
believ$ ! cre$s4 ,! facts !y f\nd 7     
hone/ly giv5 to ! _w4 ,( c\rse all facts
 are ! enemies ( sup]/ition4 ,! cl]gy1  
act+ accord+ to ! in/9ct (              
self-pres]vation1 d5\nc$ ^! facts z     
dang]\s & ! p]sons :o f\nd & publi%$ !m1

 z ,infidels & sc(f]s4  ,!ology 0       
arrogant & bold4 ,sci5ce 0 timid4 ,= "s 
"t ! *ur*es seem$ to h ! be/ ( !        
controv]sy4 ,_m ( ! sci5ti/s surr5d]$ & 
did _! be/ to belittle ! facts & pat* up
 a c[>dly compromise betwe5 ,nature &   
,revelation--t is1 betwe5 ! true & !    
false4  ,day by day m facts 7 f\nd t    
c\ld n be reconcil$ ) ! ,scriptures1 or 
! cre$s4 ,nei!r 0 x possible to         
annihilate facts by d5ial4 ,! man :o    
believ$ ! ,bible c\ld n accept ! facts1 
& ! man :o believ$ ! facts c\ld n accept
 ! ,bible4 ,at fir/1 ! ,bible 0 ! /&>d1 
& all facts inconsi/5t ) t /&>d 7 d5i$4 
,b 9 a little :ile sci5ce became ! /&>d1
 & ! passages 9 ! ,bible contr>y to !   
/&>d _h to be expla9$ or giv5 up4 ,great
 ef=ts 7 made to h>monize ! mi/akes 9 ! 
,bible ) ! demon/rations ( sci5ce4 ,x 0 
difficult to be +5i\s en\gh to def5d !m 
bo?4 ,! pi\s pr(essors twi/$ & turn$ b  
f\nd x h>d to reconcile ! creation (    
,adam ) ! sl[ developm5t ( man f l[]    
=ms4 ,!y 7 greatly tr\bl$ ab\t ! age ( !

 univ]se4 ,x seem$ incr$ible t until    
ab\t six ?\s& ye>s ago !re 0 no?+ 9     
exi/5ce b ,god--& no?+4 ,& yet !y tri$  
to save ! ,bible by giv+ new mean+s to !
 inspir$ texts1 & ca/+ a little         
suspicion on ! facts4  ,?is c\rse has   
mo/ly be5 ab&on$1 al?\gh a few          
survivals1 l ,mr4 ,glad/one1 /ill insi/ 
!re is no conflict betwe5 ,revelation & 
,sci5ce4 ,b ^! *ampions ( ,holy ,writ   
succe$ only 9 caus+ ! laught] ( !       
intellig5t & ! amazem5t ( ! hone/4 ,! m 
intellig5t !ologians confess$ t !       
inspir$ writ]s c\ld n be implicitly     
believ$4 ,z !y p]sonally "k no?+ (      
a/ronomy or geology & 7 =c$ to rely     
entirely on inspiration1 x is wond]ful t
 m mi/akes 7 n made4 ,s x 0 claim$ t    
,jehovah c>$ no?+ ab\t sci5ce1 & all[$ !
 blund]s & mi/akes ( ! ignorant p       
conc]n+ ev]y?+ except religion1 to appe>
 9 8 sup]natural book z inspir$ tru?s4  
,! ,bible1 !y said1 0 writt5 to tea*    
religion 9 its highe/ & pure/ =m--to    
make mank9d fit to associate ) ,god & 8 

angels4 ,true1 polygamy 0 tol]at$ &     
slav]y e/abli%$1 yet ,jehovah believ$ 9 
nei!r1 b on acc\nt ( ! wick$ness ( !    
,jews 0 9 favor ( bo?4  ,at ! same "t q 
a numb] ( real s*ol>s 7 inve/igat+ o!r  
religions1 & 9 a little :ile !y 7 enabl$
 to %[ t ^! religions _h be5 manufactur$
 by m5--t _! ,*ri/s & apo/les 7 my?s & t
 all _! sacr$ books 7 false & fooli%4   
,?is pleas$ ! ,*ri/ians4 ,!y knew t !irs
 0 ! only true religion & t _! ,bible 0 
! only inspir$ book4  ,! fact t !re is  
no?+ orig9al 9 ,*ri/ianity1 t all !     
dogmas1 c]emonies & fe/ivals _h be5     
borr[$1 toge!r ) "s m\ldy miracles us$ z
 witnesses1 weak5$ ! fai? ( "s & s[$ !  
se$s ( d\bt 9 _m m9ds4 ,b ! pi\s        
petrifactions1 ! fossils ( fai?1 /ill   
clung to _! book & cre$4 ,:ile !y 7     
quick to see ! absurdities 9 o!r sacr$  
books1 !y 7 ei!r unconsci\sly bl9d or   
malici\sly %ut _! eyes to ! same        
absurdities 9 ! ,bible4 ,!y knew t      
,mohamm$ 0 an impo/or1 because ! citiz5s
 ( ,mecca1 :o knew him1 said he 01 & !y 

knew t ,*ri/ 0 n an impo/or1 because ! p
 ( ,j]usalem :o knew him1 said he 04 ,! 
same fact 0 made to d d\ble duty4 ,:5 !y
 attack$ o!r religions x 0 a sword & :5 
_! religion 0 attack$ x became a %ield4 
,! m5 :o _h inve/igat$ o!r religions    
turn$ _! att5tion to ,*ri/ianity4 ,!y   
read our ,bible z !y _h read o!r sacr$  
books4 ,!y 7 n bl9d$ by fai? or p>alyz$ 
by fe>1 & !y f\nd t ! same argum5ts !y  
_h us$ aga9/ o!r religions de/roy$ our  
own4  ,b ! real old-fa%ion$ or?odox     
m9i/]s d5\nc$ ! inve/igators z ,infidels
 & d5i$ e fact t 0 inconsi/5t ) ! cre$4 
,!y want$ to protect ! "y & feeble m9d$4
 ,!y 7 anxi\s ab\t ! s\ls ( ! ?\ghtless4
  ,"s m9i/]s *ang$ _! views j a little1 
n en\gh to be driv5 f _! pulpits--b j   
en\gh to keep s5sible p f ?9k+ !m       
idiotic4 ,^! prea*]s talk$ ab\t ! high] 
criticism & cont5d$ t x 0 n necess>y to 
believe e ^w 9 ! ,bible1 t "s ( !       
miracles might be giv5 up & "s ( ! books
 disc>d$4 ,b ! /upid doctors ( div9ity  
_h ! ,bible & ! cre$s on _! side & !    

ma*9]y ( ! *ur*es 0 9 _! control4 ,!y   
br\ght "s ( ! (f5d+ cl]gym5 to ! b>1 &  
_h !m tri$ = h]esy1 made "s recant &    
clos$ ! m\?s ( o!rs4 ,/ill1 x 0 n easy  
to put ! h]etics d[n4 ,! congregations (
 m9i/]s f\nd guilty1 (t5 foll[$ !       
%eph]ds4 ,h]esy grew popul>1 ! lib]al   
prea*]s _h good audi5ces1 :ile ! or?odox
 address$ a few bonnets1 bibs & b5*es4  
,= _m ye>s ! pulpit has be5 los+        
influ5ce & ! sacr$ call+ no long] (f]s a
 c>e] to "y m5 ( tal5t & ambition4  ,:5 
p believ$ 9 special provid5ce1 !y also  
believ$ t prea*]s _h great influ5ce )   
,god4 ,!y 7 reg>d$ z cele/ial lobbyi/s &
 !y 7 respect$ & fe>$ because ( _!      
suppos$ p[]4  ,n[ no "o :o has !        
capacity to ?9k1 believes 9 special     
provid5ce4 ,( c\rse !re are "s pi\s     
imbeciles :o ?9k t pe/il5ce & fam9e1    
cyclone & e>?quake1 flood & fire are !  
weapons ( ,god1 ! tools ( 8 trade1 & t )
 ^! weapons1 ^! tools1 he kills & />ves1
 r5ds & dev\rs1 dr[ns & burns c\ntless  
?\s&s ( ! human race4  ,if ,god gov]ns  

?is _w1 if he builds & de/roys1 if back 
( e ev5t is 8 w1 !n he is nei!r good nor
 wise1 ,he is ignorant & malici\s4  ,a  
few days ago1 9 ,p>is1 m5 & wom5 _h     
ga!r$ toge!r 9 ! "n ( ,*>ity4 ,! build+ 
9 :i* !y1 7 assembl$ took fire & _m ( ^!
 m5 & wom5 p]i%$ 9 ! flames4  ,a ,fr5*  
prie/ call$ ?is horror an act ( ,god4   
,is x n /range t ,*ri/ians speak ( _!   
,god z an assass98  ,h[ c !y love &     
wor%ip ?is mon/] :o murd]s1 8 *ildr58   
,intellig5ce seems to be leav+ ! or?odox
 *ur*4 ,! great div9es are gr[+ small]1 
weak]1 day by day4 ,s9ce ! dea? ( ,h5ry 
,w>d ,bee*] no man ( g5ius has /ood 9 ! 
or?odox pulpit4 ,! m9i/]s ( intellig5ce 
are f\nd 9 ! lib]al *ur*es :]e !y are   
all[$ to express _! ?\ghts & pres]ve _! 
manhood4 ,"s ( ^! prea*]s keep _! faces 
t[>d ! ,ea/ & s9c]ely welcome ! light1  
:ile _! or?odox bre?r5 /& ) _! backs to 
! sunrise & wor%ip ! sunset ( ! day     
be=e4  ,dur+ ^! ye>s ( *ange1 ( decay & 
gr[?1 ! au?or ( ?is book look$ & li/5$1 
became famili> ) ! que/ions rais$1 !    

argum5ts (f]$ & ! results obta9$4 ,= 8  
"w a bett] man c\ld n h be5 f\nd4 ,he   
has no prejudice1 no hatr$4 ,he is by   
nature c&id1 cons]vative1 k9d & j4 ,he  
does n attack p]sons4 ,he kn[s !        
diff]5ce betwe5 ex*ang+ epi!ts & ?\ghts4
 ,he gives ! facts z !y appe> to him &  
draws ! logical conclusions4 ,he *>ges &
 proves t ,*ri/ianity has n always be5 !
 fri5d ( morality1 ( civil lib]ty1 (    
wives & mo!rs1 ( free ?\gh & hone/      
spee*4 ,he %[s t intol]ance is its      
nature1 t x always has1 & always w      
p]secute to ! ext5t ( its p[]1 & t      
,*ri/ianity w always despise ! d\bt]4   
,yet we "k t d\bt mu/ inhabit e f9ite   
m9d4 ,we "k t d\bt is z natural z hope1 
& t man is no m responsible = 8 d\bts   
?an = ! beat+ ( 8 he>t4 ,e human be+ :o 
kn[s ! nature ( evid5ce1 ! limitations (
 ! m9d1 mu/ h d\bts ab\t gods & devils1 
ab\t heav5s & hells1 & mu/ "k t !re is n
 ! slighte/ evid5ce t5d+ to %[ t gods & 
devils ev] exi/$4  ,god is a guess4  ,an
 undesign$ design]1 an uncaus$ cause1 is

 z incompreh5sible to ! human m9d z a   
circle )\t a diamet]4  ,! dogma ( !     
,tr9ity multiplies ! difficulty by ?ree4
  ,!ologians d n1 & _c believe t !      
au?ority to gov]n comes f ! cons5t ( !  
gov]n$4 ,!y reg>d ,god z ! mon>*1 &     
!mselves z 8 ag5ts4 ,!y always h be5 !  
enemies ( lib]ty4  ,!y claim to h a     
revelation f _! ,god1 a revelation t is 
! rightful ma/] ( reason4 ,z long z !y  
believe ?is1 !y mu/ be ! enemies ( m5tal
 fre$om4 ,!y d n ask man to ?9k1 b comm&
 him to obey4  ,if ! claims ( !         
!ologians are admitt$1 ! *ur* becomes ! 
rul] ( ! _w1 & to support & obey prie/s 
w be ! bus9ess ( mank9d4 ,all ^!        
!ologians claim to h a revelation f _!  
,god1 & yet !y _c agree z to :at !      
revelation reveals4 ,! o!r day1 look+ f 
my w9d[ at ! bay ( ,new ,york1 ,i saw _m
 vessels go+ 9 _m directions1 & yet all 
7 mov$ by ! same w9d4 ,! direction 9 :i*
 !y 7 go+ did n dep5d on ! direction ( !
 breeze1 b on ! set ( ! sails4 ,9 ?is   
way ! same ,bible furni%es cre$s = all !

 ,*ri/ian sects4 ,b :at w\ld we say if !
 capta9s ( ! boats ,i saw1 %\ld ea* swe>
 t 8 boat 0 ! only "o t mov$ 9 ! same   
direction ! w9d 0 bl[+8  ,i agree ) ,mr4
 ,tab] t all religions are f\nd$ on     
mi/akes1 misconceptions & falsehoods1 & 
t sup]/ition is ! w>p & wo( ( e cre$4   
,?is book w d great good4 ,x w furni%   
argum5ts & facts aga9/ ! sup]natural &  
absurd4 ,x w drive phantoms f ! bra91   
fe> f ! he>t1 & _m :o read ^! pages w be
 emancipat$1 enlight5$ & ennobl$4       
,*ri/ianity1 ) its ignorant & jeal\s    
,god--its lov+ & rev5geful ,*ri/--its   
*ildi% leg5ds--its grotesque            
miracles--its fall ( man--its           
atonem5t--its salvation by fai?--its    
heav5 = /upidity & its hell = g5ius1    
does n & _c satisfy ! free bra9 & ! good
 he>t4     ,,! ,,grant ,,banquet4       
,*icago1 ,novemb] #ac1 #ahgi4   ,,twelf?
 ,,toa/4       99 ,! meteoric display   
pr$ict$ to take place la/ ,?ursday      
night did n occur1 b !re did occur on t 
ev5+ a      display ( oratorical        

brilliancy at ,*icago seldom if ev]     
surpass$4 ,! spee*es at ! banquet ( !   
,army ( !      ,t5nessee1 tak5 toge!r1  
con/itute "o ( ! mo/      rem>kable     
collections ( extemporane\s eloqu5ce on 
record4 ,! pr9cipal speak]s ( ! ev5+ 7  
,g54 ,u4      ,s4 ,grant1 ,g54 ,john ,a4
 ,logan ,col4 ,w91 ,f4 ,vilas1 ,g54     
,/ew>t ,l4 ,wood=d1 ,g5]al ,pope1 ,col4 
,r4 ,g4 ,+]soll1      ,g54 ,j4 ,h4      
,wilson1 & ,m>k ,twa94 ,9 an oratorical 
t\rnam5t ,g5]al ,grant is1 ( c\rse1     
bett] z a li/5]      ?an z a talk]2 he  
is a man ( de$s r ?an ( words4      ,!  
same might be said ( ,g5]al ,%]man1     
?\gh1 z      presid+ (fic] & toa/-ma/] (
 ! occasion1 8      impromptu rem>ks 7  
always p]t95t & ke54 ,8 advice      to  
speak]s n to talk long] ?an !y c\ld hold
 _!      audi5ce1 & to ! auditors n to  
drag out _! applause      or to drawl   
out _! laught]1 w\ld s]ve z a good      
/&+ rule = all simil> occasions ,colonel
 ,+]soll      respond$ to ! twelf? toa/1
 ,! ,volunte] ,soldi]s (      ! ,union  

,army1 ^: ,valor & ,patriotism sav$ to !
      _w a ,gov]nm5t ( ! ,p1 by ! ,p1 & 
= !      p4       ,colonel ,+]soll's    
position 0 a difficult "o4 ,8           
reputation z ! fir/ orator 9 ,am]ica    
caus$ !      di/+ui%$ audi5ce to expect 
a wond]ful display (      oratory f him4
 ,he prov$ fully equal to ! occasion &  
deliv]$ a spee* ( wond]ful eloqu5ce1    
brilliancy &      p[]4 ,to say x 0 "o ( 
! be/ he ev] deliv]$ is      equival5t  
to say+ x 0 "o ( ! be/ ev] deliv]$      
by any man1 = few great] orators h ev]  
liv$ ?an      ,colonel ,+]soll4 ,! spee*
 is bo? an oration & a poem4      ,x    
bri/les ) ideas & sp>kles ) epigrammatic
      expressions4 ,x is full ( ?\ghts t
 brea! & words      t burn4 ,! clos+    
s5t5ces read l blank v]se4 ,x      is   
wond]ful oratory1 m>vel\s eloqu5ce4     
,colonel      ,+]soll fully su/a9$ 8    
reputation z ! f9e/      orator ,9      
,am]ica4       ,editorial f ,! ,j\rnal  
,indianapolis1 ,ind41 ,novemb]          
#ag1ahgi4       ,! ,int]-,ocean rem>k$  

ye/]day t ! ga!r+ &      ex]cises at !  
,palm] ,h\se banquet on ,?ursday ev5+   
con/itut$ "o ( ! mo/ rem>kable occasions
 kn[n 9      ! hi/ory ( ?is c\ntry4 ,?is
 0 n alone because (      ! di/+ui%$ m5 
:o l5t _! pres5ce to ! scone2      !y 7 
inde$ illu/ri\s2 b !y only =m$ a "p (   
! gr& picture t mu/ endure :ile ! memory
 ( our      great conflict survives4 ,to
 ! em95t m5 assembl$ may be      trac$ !
 signal success ( ! affair1 = !y gave   
inspiration to ! m9ds & ! tongues (     
o!rs2 b x      0 ! fruit ( t inspiration
 t roll$ l a glad      surprise across !
 banquet+ sky1 & made ! #ac? (          
,novemb] r5[n$ 9 ! cal5d> ( days444 ,:5 
,rob]t ,g4      ,+]soll rose aft] !     
spee* ( ,g5]al ,pope1 to respond      to
 ! toa/1 ,! ,volunte] ,soldi]s1 a l>ge  
"p ( !      audi5ce rose ) him1 & ! *e]+
 0 long & l\d4      ,colonel ,+]soll may
 fairly be reg>d$ z ! =emo/      orator 
( ,am]ica1 & !re 0 ! ke5e/ int]e/ to    
he> him aft] all ! brilliant spee*es t  
_h prec$$2      & ?is int]e/ 0 n unnmix$

 ) a fe> t he w\ld      n be able to    
successfully /rive aga9/ bo? 8 own      
great reputation & ! fre% competitors :o
 _h leap$      sudd5ly into ! oratorical
 ar5a l mighty gladiators      & a/oni%$
 ! audi5ce by _! unexpect$ eloqu5ce4    
,b ,+]soll _h n proce$$ f> :5 ! old fire
 broke      out1 & fla%+ metaphor1 bold 
d5unciation1 & all !      ri* imag]y &  
poetical beauty :i* m>k 8 great         
ef=ts /ood reveal$ be=e ! delight$      
li/5]s3 ,long      be=e ! la/ ^w 0      
utt]$1 all d\bt z to !      ability ( ! 
great orator to su/a9 himself _h dep>t$1
      & ris+ to _! feet1 ! audi5ce *e]$ 
till ! hall      rang ) %\ts4 ,l ,h5ry1 
,! =e/-born ,demo/h5es1      ^: ?und]   
%ook ! ,philip ( ! seas1 ,+]soll /ill   
held ! cr[n )9 8 grasp4       ,editorial
 f ,! ,int]-,ocean1 ,*icago1 ,novemb]   
#ae1 #ahgi4   ,! ,volunte] ,soldi]s ( ! 
,union ,army1 ^: ,valor & ,patriotism   
sav$ to ! _w a ,gov]nm5t ( ! ,p1 by !   
,p1 & = ! ,p4  ,,:5 ! savag]y ( ! la%1 !
 b>b>ism ( ! *a91 & ! insanity (        

secession confront$ ! civilization ( our
 c\ntry1 ! "q ,w ! great ,republic def5d
 itself8 trembl$ on ! lips ( e lov] (   
mank9d4  ,! ,nor?1 fill$ ) intellig5ce &
 weal?--*ildr5 ( lib]ty--m>%al$ h] ho/s 
& ask$ only = a lead]4 ,f civil life a  
man1 sil5t1 ?\ghtful1 pois$ & calm1     
/epp$ =?1 & ) ! lips ( victory voic$ !  
,nation's fir/ & la/ dem&3              
,unconditional & imm$iate surr5d]4 ,f t 
'mom5t' ! end 0 kn[n4 ,t utt]ance 0 !   
fir/ real decl>ation ( real w>1 &1 9    
accordance ) ! dramatic unities ( mighty
 ev5ts1 ! great soldi] :o made x1       
receiv$ ! f9al sword ( ! ,rebellion4  ,!
 soldi]s ( ! ,republic 7 n seek]s aft]  
vulg> glory4 ,!y 7 n animat$ by ! hope (
 plund] or ! love ( conque/4 ,!y f\ght  
to pres]ve ! home/ead ( lib]ty & t _!   
*ildr5 might h peace4 ,!y 7 ! def5d]s ( 
humanity1 ! de/roy]s ( prejudice1 !     
break]s ( *a9s1 & 9 ! "n ( ! future !y  
slew ! mon/] ( _! "t4 ,!y f9i%$ :at !   
soldi]s ( ! ,revolution comm5c$4 ,!y    
re-light$ ! tor* t fell f _! augu/ h&s &

 fill$ ! _w aga9 ) light4 ,!y blott$ f !
 /atute-book laws t _h be5 pass$ by     
hypocrites at ! in/igation ( robb]s1 &  
tore ) indignant h&s f ! ,con/itution t 
infam\s clause t made m5 ! cat*]s ( _!  
fell[-m54 ,!y made x possible = judges  
to be j1 = /atesm5 to be humane1 & =    
politicians to be hone/4 ,!y broke !    
%ackles f ! limbs ( slaves1 f ! s\ls (  
ma/]s1 & f ! ,nor!rn bra94 ,!y kept our 
c\ntry on ! map ( ! _w1 & our flag 9    
heav54 ,!y roll$ ! /one f ! sepul*re (  
progress1 & f\nd !re9 two angels clad 9 
%9+ g>m5ts--,nationality & ,lib]ty4  ,! 
soldi]s 7 ! saviors ( ! ,nation2 !y 7 ! 
lib]ators ( m54 ,9 writ+ ! ,proclamation
 ( ,emancipation1 ,l9coln1 greate/ ( our
 mighty dead1 ^: memory is z g5tle z !  
summ] air :5 reap]s1 s+ amid ! ga!r$    
%eaves1 copi$ ) ! p5 :at ,grant & 8     
brave comrades wrote ) swords4  ,gr&]   
?an ! ,greek1 nobl] ?an ! ,roman1 !     
soldi]s ( ! ,republic1 ) patriotism z   
%oreless z ! air1 battl$ = ! rights (   
o!rs1 = ! nobility ( labor2 f\ght t     

mo!rs might own _! babes1 t arrogant    
idl5ess %\ld n sc> ! back ( pati5t toil1
 & t our c\ntry %\ld n be a _m-head$    
mon/] made ( w>r+ ,/ates1 b a ,nation1  
sov]eign1 great1 & free4  ,blood 0 wat]1
 money 0 leaves1 & life1 0 only common  
air until "o flag float$ ov] a ,republic
 )\t a ma/] & )\t a slave4  ,& !n 0 ask$
 ! "q3 ,w a free1 p tax !mselves to pay 
a ,nation's debt8  ,! soldi]s w5t home  
to _! wait+ wives1 to _! glad *ildr51 & 
to ! girls !y lov$--!y w5t back-to !    
fields1 ! %ops1 & m9es4 ,!y _h n be5    
demoraliz$4 ,!y _h be5 ennobl$4 ,!y 7 z 
hone/ 9 peace z !y _h be5 brave 9 w>4   
,mock+ at pov]ty1 laugh+ at rev]ses1 !y 
made a fri5d ( toil4 ,!y said3 ,we sav$ 
! ,nation's life1 & :at is life )\t     
honor8 ,!y work$ & wr\ght ) all (       
labor's royal sons t e pl$ge ! ,nation  
gave might be r$eem$4 ,& _! great lead]1
 hav+ put a %9+ b& ( fri5d%ip--a girdle 
( clasp$ & happy h&s--ar\nd ! globe1    
comes home & f9ds t e promise made 9 w> 
has n[ ! r+ & gleam ( gold4  ,!re is    

ano!r "q /ill3--,w all ! w\nds ( w> be  
heal$8 ,i answ]1 ,yes4 ,! ,s\!rn p mu/  
submit1--n to ! dictation ( ! ,nor?1 b  
to ! ,nation's w & to ! v]dict ( mank9d4
 ,!y 7 wrong1 & ! "t w come :5 !y w say 
t !y are victors :o h be5 vanqui%$ by ! 
"r4 ,fre$om conqu]$ !m1 & fre$om w      
cultivate _! fields1 educate _! *ildr51 
weave = !m ! robes ( weal?1 execute _!  
laws1 & fill _! l& ) happy homes4  ,!   
soldi]s ( ! ,union sav$ ! ,s\? z well z 
! ,nor?4 ,!y made u a ,nation4 ,_!      
victory made u free & r5d]$ tyranny 9 e 
o!r l& z insecure z sn[ ^u volcanoes'   
lips4  ,& n[ let u dr9k to !            
volunte]s--to ^? :o sleep 9 unkn[n1     
sunk5 graves1 ^: names are only 9 !     
he>ts ( ^? !y lov$ & left--( ^? :o only 
he> 9 happy dreams ! foot/eps ( return4 
,let u dr9k to ^? :o di$ :]e lipless    
fam9e mock$ at want2 to all ! maim$ ^:  
sc>s give mode/y a tongue2 to all :o d>$
 & gave to *ance ! c>e & keep+ ( _!     
lives2 to all ! liv+ & to all !         
dead1--to ,%]man1 to ,%]idan1 & to      

,grant1 ! laurel$ soldi] ( ! _w1 & la/1 
to ,l9coln1 ^: lov+ life1 l a b[ (      
peace1 spans & ar*es all ! cl\ds ( w>4  
,,?irte5 ,,club ,,d9n]4       99        
,response ( ,col4 ,r4 ,g4 ,+]soll to !  
s5tim5t ,!      ,sup]/itions ( ,public  
,m51 at ! regul> mon?ly d9n]      ( !   
,?irte5 ,club4 ,monday ev5+1 ,decemb]   
#ah1 #ahhf4  ,new ,york1 ,decemb] #ac1  
#ahhf1   ,,! ,,sup]/itions ,,( ,,public 
,,m51  ,,mr4 ,,*ief ,,rul]-,,&          
,,g5tlem53 ,i suppose t ! sup]/ition mo/
 preval5t ) public m51 is ! idea t !y   
are ( great importance to ! public4 ,z a
 matt] ( fact1 public m51--t is to say1 
m5 9 (fice1--reflect ! av]age           
intellig5ce ( ! p1 & no m4 ,a public    
man1 to be successful1 mu/ n ass]t any?+
 unless x is exce$+ly popul>4 ,& he ne$ 
n d5y any?+ unless ev]ybody is aga9/ x4 
,usually he has to be l ! c5t] ( !      
e>?1--draw all ?+s 8 way1 )\t weigh+    
any?+ himself4  ,"o ( ! difficulties1 or
 r1 "o ( ! objections1 to a gov]nm5t    
republican 9 =m1 is ?is3 ,ev]ybody      

imag9es t he is ev]ybody's3 ma/]4 ,& !  
result has be5 to make mo/ ( our public 
m5 exce$+ly cons]vative 9 ! expression (
 _! real op9ions4 ,a man1 wi%+ to be    
elect$ to an (fice1 g5]ally agrees )    
'mo/ ev]ybody he meets4 ,if he meets a  
,prohibitioni/1 he says3 ,( c\rse ,i am 
a temp]ance man4 ,i am oppos$ to all    
excesses2 my de> fri5d1 & no "o kn[s    
bett] ?an myself ! evils t h be5 caus$  
by intemp]ance4 ,! next man happ5s to   
keep a saloon1 & happ5s to be q         
influ5tial 9 t "p ( ! di/rict1 & !      
c&idate imm$iately says to him3--,! idea
 t ^! ,prohibitioni/s c take away !     
p]sonal lib]ty ( ! citiz5 is simply     
mon/r\s6 ,9 a mom5t aft]1 he is greet$  
by a ,me?odi/1 & he ha/5s to say1 t :ile
 he does n belong to t *ur* himself1 8  
wife does2 t he w\ld gladly be a memb]1 
b does n feel t he is good en\gh4 ,he   
tells a ,presbyt]ian t 8 gr&fa!r 0 ( t  
fai?1 & t he 0 a mo/ excell5t man1 &    
lam5ts f ! bottom ( 8 he>t t he himself 
is n )9 t fold4 ,a few mom5ts aft]1 on  

meet+ a skeptic1 he decl>es1 ) ! greate/
 f]vor1 t reason is ! only guide1 & t he
 looks =w>d to ! "t :5 sup]/ition w be  
de?ron$4 ,9 o!r words1 ! greate/        
sup]/ition n[ ent]ta9$ by public m5 is1 
t hypocrisy is ! royal road to success4 
,( c\rse1 !re are _m o!r sup]/itions1 & 
"o is1 t ! ,democratic p>ty has n       
outliv$ its usefulness4 ,ano!r is1 t !  
,republican p>ty %\ld h p[] = :at x has 
done1 in/ead ( :at x proposes to d4  ,9 
my judgm5t1 ^! /atesm5 are mi/ak54 ,! p 
( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 aft] all1 admire     
intellectual hone/y & h respect = moral 
c\rage4 ,! "t has come = ! old ideas &  
sup]/itions 9 politics to be ?r[n       
away--n 9 phrase1 n 9 pret5ce1 b 9 fact2
 & ! "t has come :5 a man c safely rely 
on ! intellig5ce & c\rage ( ! ,am]ican  
p4  ,! mo/ significant fact 9 ?is _w    
to-day1 is1 t 9 ne>ly e village "u !    
,am]ican flag ! s*ool-h\se is l>g] ?an !
 *ur*4 ,p are beg9n+ to h a little      
confid5ce 9 intellig5ce & 9 facts4 ,e   
public man & e private man1 :o is       

actuat$ 9 8 life by a belief 9 some?+ t 
no "o c prove1--t no "o c               
demon/rate1--is1 to t ext5t1 a          
sup]/iti\s man4  ,x may be t ,i g fur!r 
?an mo/ ( y1 because if ,i h any        
sup]/ition1 x is a sup]/ition aga9/     
sup]/ition4 ,x seems to me t ! fir/ ?+s 
= e man1 :e!r 9 or out ( (fice1 to      
believe 91--! fir/ ?+s to rely on1 are  
demon/rat$ facts4 ,^! are ! corn]       
/ones1--^! are ! columns t no?+ c       
move1--^! are ! />s t no d>kness c      
hide1--^! are ! true & only f\ndations (
 belief4  ,beyond ! tru?s t h be5       
demon/rat$ is ! horizon ( ! ,probable1 &
 9 ! _w ( ! ,probable e man has ! "r to 
guess = himself4 ,beyond ! region ( !   
,probable is ! ,possible1 & beyond !    
,possible is ! ,impossible1 & beyond !  
,impossible are ! religions ( ?is _w4   
,my idea is ?is3 ,any man :o acts 9 view
 ( ! ,improbable or ( ! ,impossible--t  
is to say ( ! ,sup]natural--is a        
sup]/iti\s man4 ,any man :o believes t  
he c add to ! happ9ess ( ! ,inf9ite1 by 

depriv+ himself ( innoc5t pleasure1 is  
sup]/iti\s4 ,any man :o imag9es t he c  
make "s ,god happy1 by mak+ himself     
mis]able1 is sup]/iti\s4 ,any "o :o ?9ks
 he c ga9 happ9ess 9 ano!r _w1 by rais+ 
hell ) 8 fell[-m5 9 ?is1 is simply      
sup]/iti\s4 ,any man :o believes 9 a    
,be+ ( inf9ite wisdom & goodness1 & yet 
belives t t ,be+ has peopl$ a _w )      
failures1 is sup]/iti\s4 ,any man :o    
believes t an inf9itely wise & good ,god
 w\ld take pa9s to make a man1 int5d+ at
 ! "t t ! man %\ld be et]nally damn$1 is
 absurdly sup]/iti\s4 ,9 o!r words1 he  
:o believes t !re is1 or t !re c be1 any
 o!r religi\s duty ?an to increase !    
happ9ess ( mank9d1 9 ?is _w1 n[ & "h1 is
 sup]/iti\s4  ,i h kn[n a great _m      
private m5 :o 7 n m5 ( g5ius4 ,i h kn[n 
"s m5 ( g5ius ab\t :om x 0 kept private1
 & ,i h kn[n _m public m51 & my wond]   
increas$ ! bett] ,i knew !m1 t !y       
occupi$ positions ( tru/ & honor4  ,b1  
aft] all1 x is ! p's fault4 ,!y :o dem& 
hypocrisy mu/ be satisfi$ ) m$iocrity444

 ,our public m5 w be bett] & great]1 &  
less sup]/iti\s1 :5 ! p become great] & 
bett] & less sup]/iti\s4 ,!re is an old 
/ory1 t we h all he>d1 ab\t ,s5ator     
,nesmi?4 ,he 0 elect$ a ,s5ator f       
,oregon4 ,:5 he _h be5 9 ,wa%+ton a     
little :ile1 "o ( ! o!r ,s5ators said to
 him3 ,h[ did y feel :5 y f\nd y\rself  
sitt+ "h 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,s5ate8 ,he  
repli$3 ,= ! fir/ two mon?s1 ,i j sat & 
wond]$ h[ a damn$ fool l me ev]1 broke  
into ! ,s5ate4 ,s9ce t1 ,i h done no?+ b
 wond] h[ ! o!r fools got "h4  ,to-day !
 ne$ ( our civilization is public m5 :o 
h ! c\rage to speak z !y ?9k4 ,we ne$ a 
man = ,presid5t :o w n publicly ?ank    
,god = e>?quakes4 ,we ne$ somebody ) !  
c\rage to say t all t happ5s 9 nature   
happ5s )\t design1 & )\t ref]5ce to man2
 somebody :o w say t ! m5 & wom5 kill$  
are n murd]$ by sup]natural be+s1 & t   
ev]y?+ t happ5s 9 nature1 happ5s )\t    
malice & )\t m]cy4 ,we want somebody :o 
w h c\rage en\gh n to *>ge1 an inf9itely
 good & wise ,be+ ) all ! cruelties &   

agonies & suff]+s ( ?is _w4 ,we want su*
 m5 9 public places1--m5 :o w appeal to 
! reason ( _! fell[s1 to ! highe/       
intellig5ce ( ! p2 m5 :o w h c\rage     
en\gh1 9 ?is ! n9ete5? c5tury1 to agree 
) ! conclusions ( sci5ce4 ,we want "s   
man :o w n pret5d to believe1 & :o does 
n 9 fact believe1 ! /ories t ,sup]/ition
 has told to ,cr$ulity4  ,! mo/         
important ?+ 9 ?is _w is ! de/ruction ( 
sup]/ition4 ,sup]/ition int]f]es ) !    
happ9ess ( mank9d4 ,sup]/ition is a     
t]rible s]p5t1 rea*+ 9 frightful coils f
 heav5 to e>? & ?ru/+ its poison$ fangs 
into ! he>ts ( m54 ,:ile ,i live1 ,i am 
go+ to d :at little ,i c = ! de/ruction 
( ?is mon/]4 ,:atev] may happ5 9 ano!r  
_w--& ,i w take my *ances !re1--,i am   
oppos$ to sup]/ition 9 ?is4 ,& if1 :5 ,i
 rea* t o!r _w1 x ne$s re=m+1 ,i %all d 
:at little ,i c !re = ! de/ruction ( !  
false4  ,let me tell y "o ?+ m1 & ,i am 
done4 ,! only way to h brave1 hone/1    
intellig5t1 consci5ti\s public m51 m5   
)\t sup]/ition1 is to d :at we c to make

 ! av]age citiz5 brave1 consci5ti\s &   
intellig5t4 ,if y wi% to see c\rage 9 ! 
presid5tial *air1 consci5ce ^u ! b5*1   
intellig5ce ( ! highe/ ord] 9 ,congress2
 if y expect public m5 to be great en\gh
 to reflect honor ^u ! ,republic1       
private citiz5s mu/ h ! c\rage & !      
intellig5ce to elect1 & to su/a91 su*   
m54 ,i h said1 & ,i say x aga91 t nev]  
:ile ,i live w ,i vote = any man to be  
,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 no matt] if
 he does belong to my p>ty1 :o has n won
 8 spurs on "s field ( intellectual     
conflict4 ,we h _h en\gh m$iocrity1     
en\gh policy1 en\gh sup]/ition1 en\gh   
prejudice1 en\gh prov9cialism1 & ! "t   
has come = ! ,am]ican citiz5 to say3    
,h]eaft] ,i w be repres5t$ by m5 :o are 
wor?y1 n only ( ! great ,republic1 b ( !
 ,n9ete5? ,c5tury4     ,,robson ,,&     
,,crane ,,d9n]4  ,new ,york1 ,novemb]   
#ba1 #ahhg4       99 ,! !atre p>ty &    
supp] giv5 by ,*>les ,p4 ,palm]1        
bro!r ( ,c\rtl&t ,palm]1 on ,monday ev5+
 7      unusually attractive 9 _m ways4 

,mr ,palm] has rec5tly      return$ f   
,europe1 & took ?is opportunity to ga!r 
ar\nd him 8 old club associates &       
fri5ds1 & to %[      8 admiration ( !   
act+ ( ,messrs4 ,robson & ,crane4       
,! appe>ance ( ,mr4 ,palm]'s fifty gue/s
 9 ! !atre      excit$ mu* int]e/ 9 all 
p>ts ( ! h\se4 ,x is n      (t5 t       
!atre-go]s h ! opportunity ( see+ 9 a   
s+le r[1 ,*anncey ,m4 ,depew1 ,g54      
,william ,t4 ,%]man1 ,g54      ,horace  
,port] & ,rob]t ,g4 ,+]soll1 ) ,leon>d  
,j]ome      & 8 bro!r ,lawr5ce1 ,murat  
,hal/ead & o!r well-      kn[n m5 9     
close proximity       ,! supp] table at 
,delmonico's 0 decorat$ ) a lavi%       
pr(usion ( fl[]s r>ely approa*$ ev5 at t
 fam\s      re/aurant4       ,mr4 ,palm]
 0 a *>m+ ho/1 full ( humor1 jollity &  
att5tion to e gue/4 ,he op5$ ! speak+ ) 
a few      apt words4 ,!n ,/u>t ,rodson 
made "s witty rem>ks1 &      call$ ^u   
,william ,h4 ,crane1 ^: well-r\nd$ spee*
 0      he>tily applaud$ ,g5]al ,%]man1 
,*auncey ,m4 ,depew1      ,g5]al ,port]1

 ,lawr5ce ,j]ome & ,colonel ,+]soll 7   
all 9 _! be/ moods1 & ! sallies ( wit & 
!      abundance ( g5u9e humor 9 _!     
in=mal addresses kept      _! he>]s 9   
almo/ cont9u\s laught]4 ,lawr5ce ,j]ome 
0 9 especially f9e =m4 ,he sang songs1  
told /ories &      said3 ,depew &       
,+]soll "k s mu* t intellig5ce      has 
become a drag 9 ! m>ket1 & x's no use to
 tell y      :at a good spee* ,i w\ld h 
made4 ,j4 ,seav] ,page made      an     
uncommonly witty & effective spee*4     
,murat ,hal/ead      relat$ "s          
rem9isc5ces ( 8 la/ ,european t\r & (   
8 exp]i5ces 9 ,london ) ,lawr5ce &      
,leon>d ,j]ome1      :i* 7 receiv$ )    
%\ts ( laught]4 ,altoge!r !      supp] 0
 "o to be long rememb]$ by all          
pres5t4--,!      ,tribune1 ,new ,york1  
,novemb] #bc1 #ahhg2   ,,toa/3 ,,com$y  
,,& ,,trag$y4  ,i ,,believe 9 ! m$ic9e (
 mir?1 & 9 :at ,i might call ! longevity
 ( laught]4 ,e man :o has caus$ real1   
true1 hone/ mir?1 has be5 a b5efactor ( 
! human race4 ,9 a _w l ?is1 :]e !re is 

s mu* tr\ble--a _w gott5 up on su* a    
poor plan--:]e sometimes "o is almo/    
incl9$ to ?9k t ! ,deity1 if !re be "o1 
play$ a practical joke--to f9d1 ,i say1 
9 su* a _w1 some?+ t = ! mom5t all[s    
laught] to triumph ov] sorr[1 is a great
 piece ( good =tune4 ,i l ! /age1 n only
 because ,g5]al ,%]man likes x--& ,i d n
 ?9k ,i 0 ev] at ! !atre 9 my life b ,i 
saw him--,i n only l x because ,g5]al   
,wa%+ton lik$ x1 b because ! greate/ man
 t ev] t\*$ ?is gra9 ( s& & te> we call 
! _w1 wrote = ! /age1 & p\r$ out a v    
,mississippi ( philosophy & pa?os &     
humor1 & ev]y?+ calculat$ to raise &    
ennoble mank9d4  ,i l to see ! /age     
honor$1 because actors are ! m9i/]s1 !  
apo/les1 ( ! greate/ man :o ev] liv$1 & 
because !y put fle% ^u & blood & passion
 )9 ! greate/ *>act]s t ! greate/ man   
drew4 ,?is is ! reason ,i l ! /age4 ,x  
makes u human4 ,a rascal nev] ga9$      
applause on ! /age4 ,a hypocrite nev]   
comm&$ admiration1 n ev5 :5 he 0 act+ a 
cl]gyman--except = ! naturalness ( !    

act+4 ,no "o has ev] yet se5 any play 9 
:i*1 9 8 he>t1 he did n applaud hone/y1 
h]oism1 s9c]ity1 fidelity1 c\rage1 &    
self-d5ial4 ,nev]4 ,no man ev] he>d a   
great play :o did n get up a bett]1     
wis]1 & m humane man2 & no man ev] w5t  
to ! !atre & he>d ,robson & ,crane1 :o  
did n g home bett]-natur$1 & treat 8    
family t night a little bett] ?an on a  
night :5 he _h n he>d ^! actors4  ,i    
enjoy ! /age2 ,i always did enjoy x4 ,i 
love ! humanity ( x4 ,i hate solemnity2 
x is ! bro!r ( /upidity--always4 ,y nev]
 knew a solemn man :o 0 n /upid1 & y    
nev] w4 ,!re nev] 0 a man ( true g5ius  
:o _h n ! simplicity ( a *ild1 & ov] ^: 
lips _h n rippl$ ! riv] ( laught]--nev]1
 & !re nev] w be4 ,i l1 ,i say1 ! /age =
 its wit & = its humor4 ,i d n l s>casm2
 ,i d n l mean humor4 ,!re is z mu*     
diff]5ce betwe5 humor & malici\s wit z  
!re is betwe5 a bee's honey & a bee's   
/+1 & ! reason ,i l ,robson & ,crane is 
t !y h ! honey )\t ! /+4  ,ano!r ?+ t   
makes me glad is1 t ,i live 9 an age &  

g5]ation & day t has s5se en\gh to      
appreciate ! /age2 s5se en\gh to        
appreciate music2 s5se en\gh to         
appreciate ev]y?+ t light5s ! burd5s (  
?is life4 ,only a few ye>s ago our de>  
ance/ors look$ ^u ! !atre z ! ve/ibule (
 hell2 & e actor 0 go+ ! primrose way to
 ! ev]la/+ bonfire4 ,9 ^? good old days1
 our fa!rs1 = ! sake ( relaxation1 talk$
 ab\t dea? & graves & epitaphs & worms &
 %r\ds & du/ & hell4 ,9 ^? days1 too1 !y
 despis$ music1 c>$ no?+ = art2 & yet ,i
 h liv$ long en\gh to he> ! _w--t is1 ! 
civiliz$ _w--say t ,%akespe>e wrote !   
greate/ book t man has ev] read4 ,i h   
liv$ long en\gh to see m5 l ,bee?ov5 &  
,wagn] put side by side ) ! _w's greate/
 m5--great 9 imag9ation--& we mu/       
rememb] t imag9ation makes ! great      
diff]5ce betwe5 m54 ,i h liv$ long en\gh
 to see actors plac$ ) ! gr&e/ & noble/1
 side by side ) ! greate/ b5efactors ( !
 human race4  ,!re is "o ?+ 9 :i* ,i _c 
q agree ) :at has be5 said4 ,i l trag$y1
 because trag$y is only ! o!r side ( !  

%ield & ,i l bo? sides4 ,i love to sp5d 
an ev5+ on ! twilight b\nd>y l9e betwe5 
te>s & smiles4 ,!re is no?+ t pleases me
 bett] ?an "s sc5e1 "s act1 :]e ! smile 
cat*es ! te>s 9 ! eyes2 :]e ! eyes are  
almo/ surpris$ by ! smile1 & ! smile    
t\*$ & s(t5$ by ! te>s4 ,i l t4 ,& !    
greate/ com$ians & ! greate/ trag$ians h
 t p[]2 &1 9 conclusion1 let me say1 t x
 gives me m ?an pleasure to ackn[l$ge ! 
debt ( gratitude ,i owe1 n only to !    
/age1 b to ! actors ^: heal? we dr9k    
to-night4     ,,! ,,police ,,capta9s'   
,,d9n]4  ,new ,york1 ,janu>y #bd1 #ahhh4
   ,,toa/3 ,,duties ,,& ,,privileges ,,(
 ,,! ,,press4  ,,only a little :ile ago1
 ! nations ( ! _w 7 ignorant &          
prov9cial4 ,betwe5 ^! nations !re 7 !   
walls & b>ri]s ( language1 ( prejudice1 
( cu/om1 ( race & ( religion4 ,ea*      
little nation _h ! only p]fect =m (     
gov]nm5t--! only g5u9e religion--all    
o!rs be+ adult]ations or c\nt]feits4    
,^! nations met only z enemies4 ,!y _h  
no?+ to ex*ange b bl[s--no?+ to give &  

take b w\nds4  ,movable type 0 inv5t$1 &
 civilization 0 ?ru/ into ! bra9 (      
,europe on ! po9t ( a ,moori% lance4 ,! 
,moors gave to our ance/ors pap]1 &     
ne>ly all valuable inv5tions t 7 made = 
a ?\s& ye>s4  ,9 a little :ile1 books   
began to be pr9t$--! nations began to   
ex*ange ?\ghts in/ead ( bl[s4 ,!        
classics 7 translat$4 ,^! 7 read1 & ^?  
:o read !m began to imitate !m--began to
 write !mselves2 & 9 ?is way !re 0      
produc$ 9 ea* nation a local lit]ature4 
,!re came to be an ex*ange ( facts1 (   
!ories1 ( ideas4  ,= _m ye>s ?is 0      
accompli%$ by books1 b aft] a "t !      
newspap] 0 inv5t$1 & ! ex*ange increas$4
  ,be=e ?is1 e peasant ?\ght 8 k+ !     
greate/ be+ 9 ! _w4 ,he comp>$ ?is k+--8
 spl5dor1 8 palace--) ! peasant         
neighbor1 ) 8 rags & ) 8 hut4 ,all 8    
?\ghts 7 prov9cial1 all 8 k conf9$ to 8 
own neighborhood--! great _w 0 to him an
 unkn[n l&4  ,long aft] pap]s 7 publi%$1
 ! circulation 0 small1 ! means (       
int]communication sl[1 pa9ful1 few &    

co/ly4  ,! same 0 true 9 our own c\ntry1
 & "h1 too1 0 9 a great degree1 !       
prov9cialism ( ! ,old ,_w4  ,f9ally1 !  
means ( int]communication increas$1 & !y
 became pl5tiful & *eap4  ,!n ! peasant 
f\nd t he mu/ comp>e 8 k+ ) ! k+s ( o!r 
nations--! /atesm5 ( 8 c\ntry ) !       
/atesm5 ( o!rs--& ^! comp>isons 7 n     
always favorable to ! m5 ( 8 own c\ntry4
  ,?is enl>g$ 8 k & 8 vision1 & ! t5d5cy
 ( ?is 0 to make him a citiz5 ( ! _w4   
,"h 9 our own c\ntry1 a little :ile ago1
 ! citiz5 ( ea* ,/ate reg>d$ 8 ,/ate z !
 be/ ( all4 ,to love t ,/ate m ?an all  
o!rs1 0 consid]$ ! highe/ evid5ce (     
patriotism4  ,! ,press f9ally in=m$ him 
( ! condition ( o!r ,/ates4 ,he f\nd t  
o!r ,/ates 7 sup]ior to 8 9 _m ways--9  
climate1 9 production1 9 m51 9 inv5tion1
 9 comm]ce & 9 influ5ce4 ,sl[ly he      
transf]r$ ! love ( ,/ate1 ! prejudice ( 
locality--:at ,i call mud patriotism--to
 ! ,nation1 & he became an ,am]ican 9 ! 
be/ & highe/ s5se4  ,?is1 !n1 is "o ( ! 
greate/ ?+s to be accompli%$ by ! ,press

 9 ,am]ica--namely1 ! unification ( !   
c\ntry--! de/ruction ( prov9cialism1 & !
 creation ( a patriotism broad z !      
t]ritory cov]$ by our flag4  ,! same    
ideas1 ! same ev5ts1 ! same news1 are   
c>ri$ to millions ( homes e day4 ,!     
result ( ?is is to fix ! att5tion ( all 
^u ! same ?+s1 ! same ?\ghts & !ories1 !
 same facts--& ! result is to get ! be/ 
judgm5t ( a nation4  ,?is is a great &  
spl5did object1 b n ! greate/4  ,9      
,europe ! same ?+ is tak+ place4 ,!     
nations are becom+ acqua9t$ ) ea* o!r4  
,! old prejudices are dy+ out4 ,! p cf  
ea* nation are beg9n+ to f9d t !y are n 
! enemies ( any o!r4 ,!y are also beg9n+
 to suspect t :]e !y h no cause (       
qu>rel1 !y %\ld nei!r be call$ ^u to    
fight1 nor to pay ! exp5ses ( w>4       
,ano!r ?+3 ,! k+s & /atesm5 no long] act
 z !y =m]ly did4 ,once !y 7 responsible 
only to _! poor & wret*$-subjects1 ^:   
ob$i5ce !y compell$ at ! po9t ( !       
bayonet4 ,n[ a k+ kn[s1 & 8 m9i/] kn[s1 
t !y mu/ give acc\nt = :at !y d to !    

civiliz$ _w4 ,!y "k t k+s & rul]s mu/ be
 tri$ be=e ! great b> ( public op9ion--a
 public op9ion t has be5 =m$ by ! facts 
giv5 to !m 9 ! ,press ( ! _w4 ,!y d n   
wi% to be condemn$ at t great b>4 ,!y   
seek n only n to be condemn$--n only to 
be acquitt$--b !y seek to be cr[n$4 ,!y 
seek ! applause1 n simply ( _! own      
nation1 b ( ! civiliz$ _w4  ,!re 0 =    
unc\nt$ c5turies a conflict betwe5      
civilization & b>b>ism4 ,b>b>ism 0 almo/
 univ]sal1 civilization local4 ,! tor* (
 progress 0 !n held by feeble h&s1 &    
b>b>ism ext+ui%$ x 9 ! blood ( its      
f\nd]s4 ,b civilizations arose1 & kept  
ris+1 "o aft] ano!r1 until n[ ! great   
,republic holds & is able to hold t tor*
 aga9/ a ho/ile _w4  ,by its inv5tion1  
by its weapons ( w>1 by its intellig5ce1
 civilization became capable ( protect+ 
itself1 & !re came a "t :5 9 ! /ruggle  
betwe5 civilization & b>b>ism ! _w pass$
 midnight4  ,!n came ano!r /ruggle1--!  
/ruggle betwe5 ! p & _! rul]s4  ,mo/    
peoples sacrific$ _! lib]ty ?r\gh       

gratitude to "s great soldi] :o rescu$  
!m f ! arms ( ! b>b>ian4 ,b !re came a  
"t :5 ! p said3 ,we h a "r to gov]n     
ourselves4 ,& t conflict has be5 wag$ = 
c5turies4  ,& ,i say1 protect$ &        
corroborat$ by ! flag ( ! greate/ ( all 
,republics1 t 9 t conflict ! _w has     
pass$ midnight4  ,despotisms 7 s(t5$ by 
p>liam5ts1 by congresses--b at la/ ! _w 
is beg9n+ to say3 ,! "r to gov]n re/s ^u
 ! cons5t ( ! gov]n$4 ,! p[] comes f !  
p--n f k+s4 ,x belongs to man1 & %\ld be
 ex]cis$ by man4  ,9 ?is conflict we h  
pass$ midnight4 ,! _w is de/9$ to be    
republican4 ,^? :o obey ! laws w make ! 
laws4  ,our c\ntry--! ,unit$ ,/ates--!  
great ,republic--owns ! faire/ portion (
 half ! _w4 ,we h n[ sixty millions (   
free p4 ,look ^u ! map ( our c\ntry4    
,look ^u ! great valley ( !             
,mississippi--/ret*+ f ! ,allegh5ies to 
! ,rockies4 ,see ! great bas9 dra9$ by t
 mighty riv]4 ,!re y w see a t]ritory   
l>ge en\gh to fe$ & clo! & educate five 
hundr$ millions ( human be+s4  ,?is     

c\ntry is de/9$ to rema9 z "o4 ,!       
,mississippi ,riv] is ,nature's prote/  
aga9/ secession & aga9/ division4  ,we  
call t nation civiliz$ :5 its subjects  
submit _! diff]5ces ( op9ion1 9         
accordance ) ! =ms ( law1 to            
fell[-citiz5s :o are dis9t]e/$ & :o     
accept ! decision z f9al4  ,! nations1  
h[ev]1 su/a9 no su* relation to ea* o!r4
 ,ea* nation concludes = itself4 ,ea*   
nation def9es its rights & its          
obligations2 & nations w n be civiliz$ 9
 respect ( _! relations to ea* o!r1     
until !re %all h be5 e/abli%$ a         
,national ,c\rt to decide diff]5ces     
betwe5 nations1 to ! judgm5t ( :i* all  
%all b[4  ,x is = ! ,press--! ,press t  
photographs ! human activities ( e      
day--! ,press t gives ! news ( ! _w to  
ea* individual--to b5d its mighty       
en]gies to ! unification & !            
civilization ( mank9d2 to ! de/ruction (
 prov9cialism1 ( prejudice--to !        
extirpation ( ignorance & to ! creation 
( a great & spl5did patriotism t        

embraces ! human race4  ,! ,press       
pres5ts ! daily ?\ghts ( m54 ,x m>ks !  
progress ( ea* h\r1 & r5d]s a relapse   
into ignorance & b>b>ism impossible4 ,no
 cata/rophe c be great en\gh1 no ru9    
wide-spread en\gh1 to engulf or blot out
 ! wisdom ( ! _w4  ,feel+ t x is call$  
to ?is high de/9y1 ! ,press %\ld appeal 
only to ! highe/ & to ! noble/ 9 ! human
 he>t4  ,x %\ld n be ! bat ( suspicion1 
a rav51 ho>se ) croak+ disa/]1 a *att]+ 
jay ( gossip1 or a vampire fatt5+ on !  
reputations ( m54  ,x %\ld rema9 !      
eagle1 ris+ & so>+ high 9 ! cl\dless    
blue1 above all mean & sordid ?+s1 &    
grasp+ only ! bolts & arr[s ( ju/ice4   
,let ! ,press h ! c\rage always to def5d
 ! "r1 always to def5d ! p--& let x     
always h ! p[] to clut* & /rangle any   
comb9ation ( m51 h[ev] intellectual or  
cunn+ or ri*1 t fe$s & fatt5s on ! fle% 
& blood ( hone/ m54  ,9 a little :ile1  
"u our flag !re w be five hundr$        
millions ( p4 ,! great ,republic w !n   
dictate to ! _w--t is to say1 x w succor

 ! oppress$--x w see t ju/ice is done--x
 w say to ! great nations t wi% to      
trample ^u ! weak3 ,y mu/ n--y %all     
n--/rike4 ,x w be obey$4  ,all ,i ask   
is--all ,i hope is--t ! ,press w always 
be wor?y ( ! great ,republic4           
,,g5]al ,,grant',s ,,bir?day ,,d9n]     
,new ,york1 ,april #bg1 #ahhh4        99
 ,! tribute at ,delmonico's la/ night 0 
to ! man      ,grant z a supreme type ( 
! confid5ce ( ! ,am]ican      ,republic 
9 its own /r5g? & de/9y4 ,soldi]s ov]   
^: lo/ cause ! :eels ( a ?\s& cannons   
roll$1      & ^: doctr9es 7 gr\nd to du/
 "u ! heels (      conqu]+ legions1 p\r$
 out _! s\ls at ! feet (      ! great   
comm&]4 ,magnanimity1 m]cy1 fai?--^! 7  
! !mes ( e orator4 ,*ri/ian & ,infidel1 
blue &      gray1 ,republican &         
,democrat talk$ ( ,grant almo/ z m5     
h come to talk ( ,wa%+ton4       ,&1    
alas6 ,9 ! mid/ ( x all1 ) its s(t gl[ (
      lights1 its sweet brea? ( fl[]s1  
its ?rob ( music &      bewild]+        
radiance ( bann]s1  !re 0 a vacant *air4

      ,^u x hung a wrea? ( gre51 ti$ ) a
 knot ( :ite      ribbon4 ,soldi] &     
/atesman & orator walk$ pa/ t      *air 
& seem$ to rev]5ce x4 ,x 0 ! seat int5d$
      = ! trumpet tongu$ advocate (     
,grant 9 w>1 ,grant 9      victory1     
,grant 9 peace1 ,grant 9 adv]sity--!    
seat (      ,roscoe ,conkl+4 ,a little  
lat] & a cl]gyman jo/l$ into      !     
vacant *air & bru%$ ! gre5 circlet to ! 
floor4       ,gray & grim old ,g5]al    
,%]man presid$4 ,ab\t ! n9e      r\nd1  
fl[] heap$ tables 7 gr\p$ ! long li/ (  
di/+uisn$ m5 f e walk or life & f e     
section ( ! c\ntry4       ,among !      
speak]s 0 ,ex-,m9i/] ,edw>ds ,pi]repont 
:o      0 "o ( ,grant's cab9et & :o made
 a long spee*1 "p      ( :i* 0 devot$ to
 expla9+ ! c\rt etiquette (      dukes &
 e>ls & m9i/]s 9 ,engl&1 & h[ an ex-    
,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ranks 9     
,europe :5 an      ,am]ican ,m9i/] helps
 him out4 ,! re/ ( ! spee*      seem$ to
 be an attempt to get up a presid5tial  
boom =      ! ,pr9ce ( ,wales4       ,:5

 ,mr4 ,pi]repont sat d[n1 ,g5]al ,%]man 
expla9$ t      ,col4 ,rob]t ,+]soll did 
n want to speak1 b a gr\p (      g5tlem5
 lift$ ! orator up & c>ri$ him =w>d by  
ma9 =ce4--,new ,york ,h]ald1 ,april     
#bh1ahhh4   ,,toa/3 ,,g5]al ,,grant     
,,g54 ,,%]man & ,g5tlem53 ,i firmly     
believe t any nation great en\gh to     
produce & appreciate a great & spl5did  
man is great en\gh to keep 8 memory     
gre54 ,no man admires m ?an ,i d m5 :o h
 /ruggl$ & f\ght = :at !y believ$ to be 
"r4 ,i admire ,g5]al ,grant1 z well z e 
soldi] :o f\ght 9 ! ranks ( ! ,union1--n
 simply because !y 7 fight]s1 n simply  
because !y 7 will+ to m>* to ! m\? ( !  
guns1 b because !y f\ght = ! greate/    
cause t c be express$ 9 human           
language--! lib]ty ( man4 ,& to-night   
:ile ,g5]al ,mahone 0 speak+1 ,i c\ld n 
b ?9k t ! ,nor? 0 j z responsible = ! w>
 z ! ,s\?4 ,! ,s\? upheld & ma9ta9$ :at 
is kn[n z human slav]y1 & ! ,nor? did ! 
same2 & d y "k1 ,i h always f\nd 9 my   
he>t a great] excuse = ! man :o held !  

slave1 & liv$ on 8 labor1 & pr(it$ by ! 
rascality1 ?an ,i did = a ,nor!rn man t 
w5t into p>tn]%ip ) him ) a di/9ct      
und]/&+ t he 0 to h none ( ! pr(its &   
half ( ! disgrace4 ,s ,i say1 t1 9 a    
l>g] s5se--t is1 :5 we view ! "q f a    
philosophic height--! ,nor? 0 z         
responsible z ! ,s\?2 & :5 ,i rememb] t 
9 ?is v city1 9 ?is v city1 m5 7 mobb$  
simply = advocat+ ! abolition ( slav]y1 
,i _c f9d x 9 my he>t to lay a great]   
blame ^u ! ,s\? ?an ^u ! ,nor?4 ,if ?is 
_h be5 a w> ( conque/1 a w> simply =    
national aggr&izem5t1 !n ,i %\ld n place
 ,g5]al ,grant side by side ) or 9      
advance ( ! greate/ comm&]s ( ! _w4 ,b  
:5 ,i rememb] t e bl[ 0 to break a *a91 
:5 ,i rememb] t ! :ite man 0 to be      
civiliz$ at ! same "t ! black man 0 made
 free1 :5 ,i rememb] t ?is c\ntry 0 to  
be made absolutely free1 & ! flag left  
)\t a /a91 !n ,i say t ! great ,g5]al :o
 comm&$ ! greate/ army ev] m>%al$ 9 !   
def5ce ( human rights1 /&s at ! head ( !
 comm&]s ( ?is _w4  ,!re is "o o!r      

idea1--& x 0 t\*$ ^u & beautifully      
illu/rat$ by ,mr4 ,depew4 ,i d n believe
 t a m m]ciful g5]al ?an ,grant ev] drew
 8 sword4 ,all greatness is m]ciful4    
,all greatness longs to =give4 ,all true
 gr&eur & nobility is capable ( %$d+ !  
div9e te> ( pity4  ,let me say "o m ^w 9
 t direction4 ,! man 9 ! wrong defeat$1 
& :o sees ! ju/ice ( 8 defeat1 is a     
victor2 & 9 ?is view--& ,i say x und]/&+
 my words fully--! ,s\? 0 z victori\s z 
! ,nor?4  ,no man1 9 my judgm5t1 is m   
will+ to d ju/ice to all p>ts ( ?is     
c\ntry ?an ,i2 b1 aft] all1 ,i h a      
little s5tim5t--a little4 ,i admire     
great & spl5did de$s1 ! dramatic effect 
( great victories2 b ev5 m ?an t ,i     
admire t t\* ( nature :i* makes ! :ole  
_w k94 ,i "k ! names ( ,grant's         
victories4 ,i "k t !y %9e l />s 9 !     
heav5 ( 8 fame4 ,i "k !m all4 ,b !re is 
"o ?+ 9 ! hi/ory ( t great soldi] t t\*$
 me ne>] & m deeply ?an any victory he  
ev] won1 & t is ?is3 ,:5 ab\t to die1 he
 insi/$ t 8 du/ %\ld be laid 9 no spot  

:]e 8 wife1 :5 %e sleeps 9 dea?1 c\ld n 
lie by 8 side4 ,t tribute to ! great &  
spl5did in/itution t rises above all    
o!rs1 ! in/itution ( ! family1 t\*$ me  
ev5 m ?an ! glories won ^u ! fields (   
w>4  ,& n[ let me say1 ,g5]al ,%]man1 z 
! ye>s g by1 9 ,am]ica1 z long z h] p   
are great1 z long z h] p are free1 z    
long z !y admire patriotism & c\rage1 z 
long z !y admire de$s ( self-d5ial1 z   
long z !y c rememb] ! sacr$ blood %$ = !
 good ( ! :ole nation1 ! bir?day (      
,g5]al ,grant w be celebrat$4 ,& all[ me
 to say1 g5tlem51 t !re is ano!r ) u    
to-night ^: bir?day w be celebrat$4     
,am]icans ( ! future1 :5 !y read !      
hi/ory ( ,g5]al ,%]man1 w feel ! ?rob & 
?rill t all m5 feel 9 ! pres5ce ( !     
patriotic & h]oic4  ,"o ^w m--:5 ,g5]al 
,grant w5t to ,engl&1 :5 he sat d[n at !
 table ) ! ,m9i/]s ( h] ,britannic      
,maje/y1 he conf]r$ honor ^u !m4 ,!re is
 "o *ange ,i wi% to see 9 ! diplomatic  
s]vice--& ,i want ! example to be set by
 ! great ,republic--,i want prec$5ce    

giv5 "h 9 ,wa%+ton to ! repres5tatives (
 ,republics4 ,let u h "s backbone       
ourselves4 ,let ! repres5tatives (      
,republics come fir/ & ! ambassadors (  
despots come 9 next day4 ,9 o!r words1  
let ,am]ica be pr\d ( ,am]ican          
in/itutions1 pr\d ( a ,gov]nm5t by ! p4 
,we at la/ h a hi/ory1 we at la/ are a  
civiliz$ p1 & on ! pages ( our annals   
are f\nd z glori\s names z h be5 writt5 
9 any language4     ,,lotos ,,club      
,,d9n]1 ,,tw5tie? ,,anniv]s>y4  ,new    
,york1 ,m>* #bb1 #ahij4  ,,y h talk$ s  
mu* ( old age & gray hairs & ?9 locks1 s
 mu* ab\t ! pa/1 t ,i feel sad4 ,n[1 ,i 
want to de/roy ! impression t baldness  
is a sign ( age4 ,! v y\nge/ p ,i ev]   
saw 7 bald4  ,sometimes ,i ?9k1 &       
especially :5 ,i am at a meet+ :]e !y h 
:at !y call rem9isc5ces1 t a _w ) dea? 9
 x is a mi/ake4 ,:at w\ld y ?9k ( a man 
:o built a railroad1 kn[+ t e pass5g] 0 
to be kill$--kn[+ t !re 0 no escape8    
,:at w\ld y ?9k ( ! *e]fulness ( !      
pass5g]s if e "o knew t at "s /ation1 ! 

"n ( :i* _h n be5 call$ out1 !re 0 a    
he>se wait+ = him2 back$ up !re1 horses 
fight+ flies1 driv] :i/l+1 wait+ = y8   
,is x n wond]ful t ! pass5g]s on t tra9 
really enjoy !mselves8 ,is x n          
magnific5t t e "o ( !m1 "u p]petual     
s5t5ce ( dea?1 aft] all1 c dimple _!    
*eeks ) laught]2 t we1 e "o doom$ to    
become du/1 c yet meet ar\nd ?is table z
 full ( joy z spr+ is full ( life1 z    
full ( hope z ! heav5s are full ( />s8  
,i tell y we h got a good deal ( pluck4 
,& yet1 aft] all1 :at w\ld ?is _w be )\t
 dea?8 ,x may be f ! fact t we are all  
victims1 f ! fact t we are all b\nd by  
common fate2 x may be t fri5d%ip & love 
are born ( t fact2 b ,:atev] ! fact is1 
,i am p]fectly satisfi$ t ! highe/      
possible philosophy is to enjoy to-day1 
n regrett+ ye/]day1 & n fe>+ to-morr[4  
,s1 let u suck ?is orange ( life dry1 s 
t :5 dea? does come1 we c politely say  
to him1 ,y are welcome to ! peel+s4 ,:at
 little !re 0 we h enjoy$4  ,b !re is "o
 spl5did ?+ ab\t ! play call$ ,life4    

,suppose t :5 y die1 t is ! end4 ,! la/ 
?+ t y w "k is t y are alive1 & ! la/ ?+
 t w happ5 to y is ! curta91 n fall+1 b 
! curta9 ris+ on ano!r ?\ght1 s t z f> z
 y\r consci\sness is conc]n$ y w & mu/  
live =ev]4 ,no man c rememb] :5 he      
comm5c$1 & no man c rememb] :5 he ends4 
,z f> z we are conc]n$ we live bo?      
et]nities1 ! "o pa/ & ! "o to come1 & x 
is a delight to me to feel satisfi$1 &  
to feel 9 my own he>t1 t ,i c nev] be   
c]ta9 t ,i h se5 ! faces ,i love = ! la/
 "t4  ,:5 ,i am at su* a ga!r+ z ?is1 ,i
 almo/ wi% ,i _h _h ! mak+ ( ! _w4 ,:at 
a _w ,i w\ld h made6 ,9 t _w unhapp9ess 
w\ld h be5 ! only s92 melan*oly ! only  
crime2 joy ! only virtue4 ,& :e!r !re is
 ano!r _w1 nobody kn[s4 ,nobody c affirm
 x2 nobody c d5y x4 ,nobody c collect   
tolls f me1 claim+ t he owns a turnpike1
 & nobody c c]ta9ly say t ! crook$ pa? t
 ,i foll[1 beside :i* _m roses are gr[+1
 does n lead to t place4 ,he doesn't "k4
 ,b if !re is su* a place1 ,i hope t all
 good fell[s w be welcome4              

,,manhattan ,,a?letic ,,club ,,d9n]4    
,new ,york1 ,decemb] #bg1 #ahij4        
,,toa/3 ,,a?letics ,,among ,,!          
,,anci5ts4  ,,! fir/ record ( public    
games is f\nd 9 ! tw5ty?ird ,book ( !   
,iliad4 ,^! games 7 p]=m$ at ! fun]al ( 
,patroclus1 & !re 73  ,fir/4 ,a *>iot   
race1 & ! fir/ prize 03  ,a woman fair1 
well skill$ 9 h\sehold c>e4  ,second4   
,!re 0 a pugili/ic enc\nt]1 & ! fir/    
prize1 appropriately en\gh1 0 a mule4   
,x gave me great pleasure to f9d t ,hom]
 did n hold 9 high e/eem ! victor4 ,i h 
rea*$ ?is conclusion1 because ! poet put
 ^! words 9 ! m\? ( ,eppius1 ! great    
box] w9d+ up ) ! foll[+ ref9$ decl>ation
 conc]n+ 8 oppon5t3  ,i mean to p\nd 8  
fle% & sma% 8 bones4  ,aft] ! battle1 ! 
defeat$ 0 help$ f ! field4 ,he spit =?  
clott$ gore4 ,8 head roll$ f side to    
side1 until he fell unconsci\s4  ,?ird1 
wre/l+2 f\r?1 foot-race2 fif?1 f5c+2    
six?1 ?r[+ ! iron mass or b>2 sev5?1    
ar*]y1 & la/1 ?r[+ ! javel94  ,all ( ^! 
games 7 9 honor ( ,patroclus4 ,?is is ! 

same ,patroclus :o1 accord+ to          
,%akespe>e1 address$ ,a*illes 9 ^!      
words3       ,9 ! battle-field ,i claim 
no special praise2      ',tis n = man 9 
all ?+s to excel--       ,r\se y\rself1 
& ! weak wanton ,cupid      ,%all f y\r 
neck unloose 8 amor\s fold1      ,&1 l a
 dew-drop f ! lion's mane1      ,be %ook
 to air4  ,^! games 7 all born ( !      
in/9ct ( self-def5ce4 ,! *>iot 0 us$ 9  
w>4 ,man %\ld "k ! use ( 8 h&s1 to ! end
 t he may repel assault4 ,he %\ld "k !  
use ( ! sword1 to ! end t he may /rike  
d[n 8 enemy4 ,he %\ld be skillful ) !   
arr[1 to ! same end4 ,if ov]p[]$1 he    
seeks safety 9 flight--he %\ld !re=e "k 
h[ to run4 ,s1 too1 he c\ld pres]ve     
himself by ! skillful ?r[+ ( ! javel91 &
 9 ! close enc\nt] a k ( wre/l+ might   
save 8 life4  ,man has always be5 a     
fight+ animal1 & ! art ( self-def5ce is 
ne>ly z important n[ z ev]--& w be1     
until man rises to t supreme height f   
:i* he w be able to see t no "o c commit
 a crime aga9/ ano!r )\t injur+ himself4

  ,! ,greeks knew t ! body be>s a c]ta9 
relation to ! s\l--t ! bett] ! body--o!r
 ?+s be+ equal--! great] ! m9d4 ,!y also
 knew t ! body c\ld be develop$1 & t su*
 developm5t w\ld give or add to ! heal?1
 ! c\rage1 ! endurance1 !               
self-confid5ce1 ! indep5d5ce & !        
morality ( ! human race4 ,!y knew1 too1 
t heal? 0 ! f\ndation1 ! corn]-/one1 (  
happ9ess4  ,!y knew t human be+s %\ld "k
 some?+ ab\t !mselves1 some?+ ( !       
capacities ( body & m9d1 to ! end t !y  
might asc]ta9 ! relation betwe5 conduct 
& happ9ess1 betwe5 temp]ance & heal?4   
,x is ne$less to say t ! ,greeks 7 ! mo/
 intellectual ( all races1 & t !y 7 9   
love ) beauty1 ) proportion1 ) ! spl5dor
 ( ! body & ( m9d2 & s great 0 _!       
admiration = ! h>moni\sly develop$1 t   
,sophocles _h ! honor ( walk+ nak$ at ! 
head ( a great procession4  ,! ,greeks1 
?r\gh _! love ( physical & m5tal        
developm5t1 gave u ! /atues--! mo/      
preci\s ( all inanimate ?+s--( f> m wor?
 ?an all ! diamonds & rubies & pe>ls t  

ev] glitt]$ 9 cr[ns & ti>as1 on alt>s or
 ?rones1 or1 fla%+1 rose & fell on      
woman's bill[$ brea/4 ,9 ^! m>bles we   
f9d ! highe/ types ( life1 ( sup]b      
endeavor & supreme repose4 ,9 look+ at  
!m we feel t blood fl[s1 t he>ts ?rob & 
s\ls aspire4 ,^! miracles ( art are !   
ri*e/ legacies ! anci5t _w has left our 
race4  ,! nations 9 love ) life1 h      
games4 ,to !m exi/5ce is exultation4 ,!y
 are fond ( nature4 ,!y1 seek ! woods & 
/reams4 ,!y love ! w9ds & waves ( ! sea4
 ,!y enjoy ! poem ( ! day1 ! drama ( !  
ye>4  ,our ,puritan fa!rs 7 oppress$ ) a
 s5se ( inf9ite responsibility4 ,!y 7   
disconsolate & sad1 & no m ?\ght (      
sport1 except ! flogg+ (2 ,quak]s1 ?an  
%ipwreck$ wret*es huddl$ on a raft w\ld 
turn _! att5tion to amateur !atricals4  
,= _m c5turies ! body 0 reg>d$ z a      
decay+2 casket1 9 :i* _h be5 plac$ ! gem
 call$ ! s\l1 & ! ne>] rott5 ! casket ! 
m brilliant ! jewel4  ,9 ^? bless$ days1
 ! diseas$ 7 sa9t$ & insanity born (    
fa/+ & self-d5ial & abuse ( ! body1 0   

look$ ^u z evid5ce ( inspiration4       
,cleanl9ess 0 n next to godl9ess--x 0 ! 
opposite2 & 9 ^? days1 :at 0 kn[n z !   
odor ( sanctity _h a sub/antial         
f\ndation4 ,diseas$ bodies produc$ all  
k9ds ( m5tal maladies4 ,!re is a direct 
relation betwe5 sickness & sup]/ition4  
,ev]ybody kn[s t ,calv9ism 0 ! *ild (   
indige/ion4  ,spooks & phantoms hov]    
ab\t ! undevelop$ & diseas$1 z vultures 
sail above ! dead4  ,our ance/ors _h !  
idea t !y ought to be spiritual1 & t    
good heal? 0 inconsi/5t ) ! highe/ =ms (
 piety4 ,?is h]esy crept into ! m9ds ev5
 ( secul> writ]s1 & ! noveli/s describ$ 
_! h]o9es z weak & langui%+1 pale z     
lilies1 & 9 ! place ( heal?'s brave flag
 !y put ! hectic flu%4  ,weakness 0     
int]e/+1 & fa9t+ captur$ ! he>ts ( all4 
,no?+ 0 s attractive z a society belle )
 a drug-/ore atta*m5t4  ,p became a%am$ 
( labor1 & consequ5tly1 ( ! evid5ces (  
labor4 ,!y avoid$ sun-burnt mir?--7 pr\d
 ( pallor1 & reg>d$ small1 :ite h&s z   
pro( t !y _h noble blood )9 _! ve9s4 ,x 

0 a joy to be too weak to "w1 too       
langui%+ to labor4  ,! tide has turn$4  
,p are becom+ s5sible en\gh to desire   
heal?1 to admire physical developm5t1   
symmetry ( =m1 & we n[ "k t a race )    
little feet & h&s has pass$ ! climax &  
is travel+ t[>d ! et]nal night4  ,:5 !  
c5tral =ce is /rong1 m5 & wom5 are full 
( life to ! f+] tips4 ,:5 ! fires burn  
l[1 !y beg9 to %rivel at !              
extremities--! h&s & feet gr[ small1 & !
 m5tal flame wav]s & wanes4  ,to be     
self-respect+ we mu/ be self-support+4  
,nobility is a "q ( "*1 n ( bir?4       
,honor _c be receiv$ z alms--x mu/ be   
e>n$4  ,x is ! br[ t makes ! wrea? (    
glory gre54  ,all ex]cise %\ld be = !   
sake ( developm5t--t is to say1 = ! sake
 ( heal?1 & = ! sake ( ! m9d--all to !  
end t ! p]son may become bett]1 great]1 
m useful4 ,! gymna/ or ! a!lete %\ld    
seek = heal? z ! /ud5t %\ld seek = tru?2
 b :5 a?letics deg5]ate into m]e p]sonal
 conte/s1 !y become dang]\s1 because !  
conte/ants lose sight ( heal?1 z 9 !    

excitem5t ( debate ! /ud5ts pref]       
p]sonal victory to ! asc]ta9m5t ( tru?4 
,!re is ano!r ?+ to be avoid$ by all    
a?letic clubs1 & t is1 any?+ t t5ds to  
brutalize1 de/roy or dull ! f9] feel+s4 
,no?+ is m disgu/+1 m disgraceful1 ?an  
pugilism--no?+ m demoraliz+ ?an an      
exhibition ( /r5g? unit$ ) f]ocity1 &   
:]e ! v body develop$ by ex]cise is     
mutilat$ & disfigur$4  ,sports t c by no
 possibility give pleasure1 except to ! 
unfeel+1 ! h>d5$ & ! really bra9less1   
%\ld be avoid$4 ,no g5tleman %\ld       
c\nt5ance rabbit-c\rs+1 fight+ ( dogs1 !
 %oot+ ( pigeons1 simply z an exhibition
 ( skill4  ,all ^! ?+s are calculat$ to 
demoralize & brutalize n only ! actors1 
b ! look]s on4 ,su* sports are savage1  
fit only to be p>ticipat$ 9 & enjoy$ by 
! cannibals ( ,c5tral ,africa or !      
an?ropoid apes4  ,f9d :at a man         
enjoys--:at he laughs at--:at he calls  
div]sion--& y "k :at he is4 ,?9k ( a man
 call+ himself civiliz$1 :o is 9        
raptures at a bull fight--:o smiles :5  

he sees ! h\nds pursue & cat* & te> 9   
pieces ! timid h>e1 & :o ro>s ) laught] 
:5 he wat*es ! pugili/s p\nd ea* o!r's  
faces1 clos+ ea* o!r's eyes1 break+ jaws
 & sma%+ noses4 ,su* m5 are b5ea? !     
animals !y torture--on a level ) !      
pugili/s !y applaud4 ,g5tlem5 %\ld hold 
su* sports 9 unspeakable contempt4 ,no  
man f9ds pleasure 9 inflict+ pa94  ,9 e 
public s*ool !re %\ld be a gymnasium4   
,x is useless to cram m9ds & de=m       
bodies4 ,h&s %\ld be educat$ z well z   
heads4 ,all %\ld be taught ! sports &   
games t require m9d1 muscle1 n]ve &     
judgm5t4  ,ev5 ^? :o labor %\ld take    
ex]cise1 to ! end t ! :ole body may be  
develop$4 ,^? :o "w at "o employm5t     
become de=m$4 ,proportion is lo/4 ,b :]e
 h>mony is pres]v$ by ! prop] ex]cise1  
ev5 old age is beautiful4  ,to ! well   
develop$1 to ! /rong1 life seems ri*1   
ob/acles small1 & success easy4 ,!y     
laugh at cold & /orm4 ,:atev] ! season  
may be _! he>ts are fill$ ) summ]4      
,millions g f ! cradle to ! c(f9 )\t    

kn[+ :at x is to live4 ,!y simply succe$
 9 po/pon+ dea?4 ,)\t appetites1 )\t    
passions1 )\t /ruggle1 !y sl[ly rot 9 a 
waveless pool4 ,!y nev] "k ! glory (    
success1 ! rapture ( ! fight4  ,to      
become effem9ate is to invite mis]y4 ,9 
! mo/ delicate bodies may be f\nd ! mo/ 
degrad$ s\ls4 ,x 0 ! ,du*ess ,josiane ^:
 pamp]$ fle% became s s5sitive t %e     
?\ght ( hell z a place :]e p 7 compell$ 
to sleep betwe5 co>se %eets4  ,we ne$ ! 
op5 air--we ne$ ! exp]i5ce ( heat &     
cold4 ,we ne$ n only ! rew>ds & c>esses1
 b ! discipl9e ( our "m ,nature4 ,life  
is n all sun%9e1 nei!r is x all /orm1 b 
man %\ld be enabl$ to enjoy ! "o & to   
)/& ! o!r4  ,i believe 9 ! religion ( ! 
body--( physical developm5t--9          
devotional ex]cise--9 ! beatitudes (    
*e]fulness1 good heal?1 good food1 good 
clo!s1 comrade%ip1 g5]osity1 & above    
all1 9 happ9ess4 ,i believe 9 salvation 
"h & n[4 ,salvation f de=mity &         
disease--f weakness & pa9--f ennui &    
insanity4 ,i believe 9 heav5 "h & n[--! 

heav5 ( heal? & good dige/ion--( /r5g? &
 long life--( usefulness & joy4 ,i      
believe 9 ! build]s & def5d]s ( homes4  
,! g5tlem5 :om we honor to-night h done 
a great "w4 ,to _! en]gy we are indebt$ 
= ! ne>e/ p]fect1 = ! gr&e/ a?letic     
clubh\se 9 ! _w4 ,let ^! clubs multiply4
 ,let ! example be foll[$1 until our    
c\ntry is fill$ ) physical &            
intellectual a?letes--sup]b fa!rs1      
p]fect mo!rs1 & e *ild an heir to heal? 
& joy4     ,,! ,,li$]kranz ,,club1      
,,seidl-,,/anton ,,banquet4  ,new ,york1
 ,april #b1 #ahia   ,,toa/3 ,,music1    
,,noble/ ,,( ,,! ,,arts4  ,,x is        
probable t ,i 0 select$ to speak ab\t   
music1 because1 n kn[+ "o note f ano!r1 
,i h no prejudice on ! subject4  ,all ,i
 c say is1 t ,i "k :at ,i l1 &1 to tell 
! tru?1 ,i l e k9d1 enjoy x all1 f ! h& 
organ to ! or*e/ra4  ,kn[+ no?+ ( !     
sci5ce ( music1 ,i am n always look+ =  
defects1 or li/5+ = discords4 ,z ! "y   
rob9 *e]fully swall[s :atev] comes1 ,i  
he> ) gladness all t is play$4  ,music  

has be51 ,i suppose1 a gradual gr[?1    
subject to ! law ( evolution2 z ne>ly   
ev]y?+1 ) ! possible exception ( !ology1
 has be5 & is "u ?is law4  ,music may be
 divid$ into ?ree k9ds3 ,fir/1 ! music (
 simple "t1 )\t any p>ticul> emphasis--&
 ?is may be call$ ! music ( ! heels2    
second1 music 9 :i* "t is v>i$1 9 :i*   
!re is ! eag] ha/e & ! delici\s delay1 t
 is1 ! fa/ & sl[1 9 accordance ) our    
feel+s1 ) our emotions--& ?is may be    
call$ ! music ( ! he>t2 ?ird1 ! music t 
includes "t & emphasis1 ! ha/5+ & !     
delay1 & some?+ 9 addition1 t produces n
 only /ates ( feel+1 b /ates ( ?\ght4   
,?is may be call$ ! music ( ! head1--!  
music ( ! bra94  ,music expresses feel+ 
& ?\ght1 )\t language4 ,x 0 bel[ & be=e 
spee*1 & x is above & beyond all words4 
,b5ea? ! waves is ! sea--above ! cl\ds  
is ! sky4  ,be=e man f\nd a "n = any    
?\ght1 or ?+1 he _h hopes & fe>s &      
passions1 & ^! 7 rudely express$ 9      
tones4  ,( "o ?+1 h[ev]1 ,i am c]ta91 & 
t is1 t ,music 0 born ( ,love4 ,_h !re  

nev] be5 any human affection1 !re nev]  
c\ld h be5 utt]$ a /ra9 ( music4        
,possibly "s "m1 look+ 9 ! eyes ( h]    
babe1 gave ! fir/ melody to ! enraptur$ 
air4  ,language is n subtle en\gh1 t5d] 
en\gh1 to express all t we feel2 & :5   
language fails1 ! highe/ & deepe/ long+s
 are translat$ into music4 ,music is !  
sun%9e--! climate--( ! s\l1 & x floods !
 he>t ) a p]fect ,june4  ,i am also     
satisfi$ t ! greate/ music is ! mo/     
m>vel\s m+l+ ( ,love & ,dea?4 ,love is !
 greate/ ( all passions1 & ,dea? is its 
%ad[4 ,dea? gets all its t]ror f ,love1 
& ,love gets its int5sity1 its radiance1
 its glory & its rapture1 f ! d>kness ( 
,dea?4 ,love is a fl[] t gr[s on ! edge 
( ! grave4  ,! old music1 = ! mo/ "p1   
expresses emotion1 or feel+-1 ?r\gh "t &
 emphasis1 & :at is kn[n z melody4 ,mo/ 
( ! old op]as consi/ ( a few melodies   
connect$ by unmean+ recitative4 ,!re    
%\ld be no unmean+ music4 ,x is z ?\gh a
 writ] %\ld sudd5ly leave 8 subject &   
write a p>agraph consi/+ ( no?+ b a     

repetition ( "o ^w l !1 !1 !1 or if1 if4
 if1 v>y+ ! repetition ( ^! words1 b )\t
 mean+1--& !n resume ! subject ( 8      
article4  ,i am n say+ t great music 0 n
 produc$ be=e ,wagn]1 b ,i am simply    
endeavor+ to %[-! /eps t h be5 tak54 ,x 
0 necess>y t all ! music %\ld h be5     
writt51 9 ord] t ! greate/ might be     
produc$4 ,! same is true ( ! drama1     
,?\s&s & ?\s&s prep>$ ! way = ! supreme 
dramati/1 z millions prep>$ ! way = !   
supreme compos]4  ,:5 ,i read           
,%akespe>e1 ,i am a/oni%$ t he has      
express$ s mu* ) common words1 to :i* he
 gives new mean+2 & s :5 ,i he> ,wagn]1 
,i exclaim3 ,is x possible t all ?is is 
done ) common air8  ,9 ,wagn]'s music   
!re is a t\* ( *aos t sugge/s ! inf9ite4
 ,! melodies seem /range & *ang+ =ms1 l 
summ] cl\ds1 & weird h>monies come l    
s\nds f ! sea br\ght by fitful w9ds1 &  
o!rs moan l waves on desolate %ores1 &  
m+l$ ) ^!1 are %\ts ( joy1 ) sighs &    
sobs & ripples ( laught]1 & ! wondr\s   
voices ( et]nal love4  ,wagn] is !      

,%akespe>e ( ,music4  ,! fun]al m>* =   
,siegfri$ is ! fun]al music = all !     
dead2 ,%\ld all ! gods die1 ?is music   
w\ld be p]fectly appropriate4 ,x is     
elem5tal1 univ]sal1 et]nal4  ,!         
love-music 9 ,tri/an & ,isolde is1 l    
,romeo & ,juliet1 an expression ( !     
human he>t = all "t4 ,s ! love-duet 9 ,!
 ,fly+ ,dut*man has 9 x ! consecration1 
! inf9ite self-d5ial1 ( love4 ,! :ole   
he>t is giv52 e note has w+s1 & rises & 
poises l an eagle 9 ! heav5 ( s\nd4  ,:5
 ,i li/5 to ! music ( ,wagn]1 ,i see    
pictures1 =ms1 glimpses ( ! p]fect1 !   
swell ( a hip1 ! wave ( a brea/1 !      
glance ( an eye4 ,i am 9 ! mid/ ( great 
gall]ies4 ,be=e me are pass+1 ! endless 
panoramas4 ,i see va/ l&scapes ) valleys
 ( v]dure & v9e1 ) so>+ crags1          
sn[-cr[n$4 ,i am on ! wide seas1 :]e    
c\ntless bill[s bur/ into ! :ite caps ( 
joy4 ,i am 9 ! dep?s ( cav]ns ro($ )    
mighty crags1 :ile ?r\gh "s r5t ,i see !
 et]nal />s4 ,9 a mom5t ! music1 becomes
 a riv] ( melody1 fl[+ ?r\gh "s wondr\s 

l&2 sudd5ly x falls 9 /range *asms1 & ! 
mighty cat>act is *ang$ to sev5-hu$     
foam4 4  ,great music is always sad1    
because x tells u ( ! p]fect2 & su* is !
 diff]5ce betwe5 :at we are & t :i*     
music sugge/s1 t ev5 9 ! vase ( joy we  
f9d "s te>s4  ,! music ( ,wagn] has     
color1 & :5 ,i he> ! viol9s1 ! morn+    
seems to sl[ly come4 ,a horn puts a />  
above ! horizon4 ,! night1 9 ! purple   
hum ( ! bass1 w&]s away l "s enorm\s bee
 across wide fields ( dead clov]4 ,!    
light gr[s :it] z ! viol9s increase4    
,colors come f o!r in/rum5ts1 & !n !    
full or*e/ra floods ! _w ) day4  ,wagn] 
seems n only to h giv5 u new tones1 new 
comb9ations1 b ! mom5t ! or*e/ra beg9s  
to play 8 music1 all ! in/rum5ts are    
transfigur$4 ,!y seem to utt] ! s\nds t 
!y h be5 long+ to utt]4 ,! horns run    
riot2 ! drums & cymbals jo9 9 ! g5]al   
joy2 ! old bass viols are alive )       
passion2 ! 'cellos ?rob ) love2 ! viol9s
 are seiz$ ) a div9e fury1 & ! notes ru%
 out z eag] = ! air z p>don$ prison]s = 

! roads & fields4  ,! music ( ,wagn] is 
fill$ ) l&scapes4 ,!re are "s /ra9s1 l  
midnight1 ?ick ) con/ellations1 & !re   
are h>monies l isl&s 9 ! f> seas1 & o!rs
 l palms on ! des]t's edge4 ,8 music    
satisfies ! he>t & bra94 ,x is n only = 
memory2 n only = ! pres5t1 b = prophecy4
  ,wagn] 0 a sculptor1 a pa9t]1 9 s\nd4 
,:5 he di$1 ! greate/ f\nta9 ( melody t 
ev] en*ant$ ! _w1 ceas$4 ,8 music w     
in/ruct & ref9e =ev]4  ,all t ,i "k ab\t
 ! op]as ( ,wagn] ,i h le>n$ f ,anton   
,seidl4 ,i believe t he is ! noble/1    
t5d]e/ & ! mo/ arti/ic int]pret] ( !    
great compos] t has ev] liv$4     ,,!   
,,frank ,b4 ,,c>p5t] ,,d9n]4  ,new      
,york1 ,decemb] #a1 #ahia       99 ,!re 
0 a notable ga!r+ ( lead+ arti/s1       
au?ors1      sci5ti/s1 j\rnali/s1 lawy]1
 cl]gym5 & o!r      pr(essional m5 at   
,%]ry's la/ ev5+4 ,! occasion 0      a  
d9n] t5d]$ to ,mr4 ,f4 ,b4 ,c>p5t]1 !   
fam\s      portrait & portrait gr\p     
arti/1 by 8 imm$iate fri5ds      to     
celebrate ! completion ( 8 new hi/orical

 pa9t+1      entitl$ ,int]national      
,arbitration1 :i* is to be s5t to       
,que5 ,victoria next week z ! gift ( a  
weal?y ,am]ican      lady4 ,no su*      
tribute has ev] be5 paid be=e to an     
arti/      (-?is c\ntry4 ,let u hope t !
 extraord9>y      att5tion ?us paid to  
,mr4 ,c>p5t] w give our ,engli%         
c\s9s "s idea ( h[ he is priz$ & 8 "w   
indors$      at home4 ,! d9n] to ,mr4   
,c>p5t] 0 a great success--      mo/    
enjoyable 9 e way4 ,! table 0 laid 9 !  
=m      ol a horse %oe ) a tra9 (       
smilax1 & sweet fl[]s      ext5d+ !     
entire l5g? ( ! table1 amid pots (      
*rysan!mums & roses4 ,ex-,m9i/] ,&rew ,d
 ,:ite      presid$ 9 ! abs5ce ( ,john  
,russell       ,"y4444444444,mr4 ,:ite  
said3 ,dur+ ! entire c\rse (      ^!    
proce$+s we h be5 endeavor+ to f9d a    
repres5tative ( ! great ,f\r? ,e/ate :o 
w\ld pres5t      its claims 9 relation  
to arbitration on ?is occasion4         
,!re are pres5t m5 ^: names are h\sehold
 words 9      connection ) ! press      

?r\gh\t ?is l&4 ,!re is      c]ta9ly "o 
di/+ui%$ z orator3 !re is ano!r         
di/+ui%$ z a s*ol>4 ,b !y pref] to be   
sil5t4 ,we      w !re=e consid] t ! toa/
 ( ',! ,press 9      ,connection ) ,w> &
 ,peace' has be5 duly honor$      al?\gh
 x has n be5 respond$ to1 & n[ !re is "o
      subject :i* ,i ?9k y w consid] z  
com+ /rangely      at ?is late h\r4 ,x  
is a r5ewal ( ! subject ) :i*      we   
began1 & ,i am to ask to speak to x a   
man :o is      admir$ & fe>$ ?r\gh\t !  
c\ntry4 ,at "o mom5t he      sma%es !   
mo/ *]i%$ convictions ( ! c\ntry1 &     
at ano!r he raises our highe/           
aspirations = ! future      ( humanity4 
,x happ5$ sev]al ye>s ago t ,i 0 cross+ 
!      ,atlantic1 & :5 ,i _h suffici5tly
 recov]$ f      seasickness to sit out  
on ! deck ,i came across ,colonel       
,+]soll1 & ( all subjects ( discussion y
 c imag9e      we fell ^u ! subject (   
art1 & we w5t at x hot &      heavy4 ,s 
,i said to him to-night t ,i _h a rod 9 
pickle      = him & t he 0 n to "k any?+

 ab\t x until      x 0 display$4        
,i n[ call ^u him to talk to u ab\t art1
 & if he      talks n[ z he talk$ on !  
deck ( ! /eam] ,i d n      "k :e!r x    
w\ld cle> ! room1 b x w\ld make a       
s5sation 9 ?is ,/ate & c\ntry4 ,i h     
great pleasure      9 ann\nc+ ,colonel  
,+]soll1 to speak on ! subject (        
art--or on any o!r subject1 = no matt]  
^u :at he      speaks 8 words are always
 welcome4       ,new ,york ,press1      
,decemb] #b1 #ahia4   ,,toa/3 ,,art4  ,i
 ,,presume ,i take ab\t z mu* int]e/ 9  
:at t picture repres5ts z anybody else4 
,i believe t x has be5 said ?is ev5+ t !
 _w w nev] be civiliz$ s long z         
diff]5ces betwe5 nations are settl$ by  
gun or cannon or sword4 ,b>b>ians /ill  
settle _! p]sonal diff]5ces ) clubs or  
arms1 & f9ally1 :5 !y agree to submit _!
 diff]5ces to _! pe]s1 to a c\rt1 we    
call !m civiliz$4 ,n[1 nations su/a9 !  
same relations to ea* o!r t b>b>ians    
su/a92 t is1 !y settle _! diff]5ces by  
=ce2 ea* nation be+ ! judge ( !         

righte\sness ( its cause1 & its judgm5t 
dep5d+ entirely--or = ! mo/ "p--on its  
/r5g?2 & ! /ronge/ nation is ! ne>e/ "r4
 ,n[1 until nations submit _! diff]5ces 
to an int]national c\rt--a c\rt ) ! p[] 
to c>ry its judgm5t into effect by hav+ 
! armies & navies ( all ! re/ ( ! _w    
pl$g$ to support x--! _w w n be         
civiliz$4 ,our diff]5ces w n be settl$  
by arbitration until m ( ! great nations
 set ! example1 & until t is done1 ,i am
 9 favor ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates be+ arm$4    
,until t is done x w give me joy to "k t
 ano!r magnific5t man-(-w> has be5      
laun*$ ^u our wat]s4 ,& ,i w tell y :y4 
,look aga9 at t picture4 ,!re is ano!r  
face2 x is n pa9t$ !re1 & yet )\t x t   
picture w\ld n h be5 pa9t$1 & t is !    
face ( ,u4 ,s4 ,grant4 ,! olive bran*1  
to be ( any =ce1 to be ( any b5efic5t   
p[]1 mu/ be (f]$ by ! mail$ h&4 ,x mu/  
be (f]$ by a nation :i* has back ( !    
olive bran* ! =ce4 ,x _c be (f]$ by     
weakness1 because !n x w excite only    
ridicule4 ,! p[]ful1 ! imp]ial1 mu/ (f] 

t bran*4 ,!n x w be accept$ 9 ! true _s2
 o!rwise n4 ,s1 until ! _w is a little m
 civiliz$ ,i am 9 favor ( ! l>ge/ guns t
 c be made & ! be/ navy t floats4 ,i d n
 want any navy unless we h ! be/1       
because if y h a poor "o y w simply make
 a pres5t ( x to ! enemy z soon z w>    
op5s4 ,we %\ld be ready to def5d        
ourselves aga9/ ! _w4 ,n t ,i ?9k !re is
 go+ to be any w>1 b because ,i ?9k t is
 ! be/ way to prev5t x4 ,until ! :ole _w
 %all h ent]$ into ! same _s z ! arti/  
:5 he pa9t$ t picture1 until t _s       
becomes g5]al we h got to be prep>$ =   
w>4 ,& we _c dep5d ^u w> suasion4 ,if a 
fleet ( m5-(-w> %\ld sail into our      
h>bor1 talk w\ld n be ( any good2 we mu/
 be ready to answ] !m 9 _! own way4  ,i 
suppose ,i h be5 select$ to speak on art
 because ,i c speak on t subject )\t    
prejudice1 kn[+ no?+ ab\t x4 ,i h on ?is
 subject no hobbies1 no pet !ories1 &   
consequ5tly w give y n :at ,i "k1 b :at 
,i ?9k4 ,i am an ,agno/ic 9 _m ?+s1 & ! 
way ,i und]/& art is ?is3 ,9 ! fir/     

place we are all invisible to ea* o!r4  
,!re is some?+ call$ s\l2 some?+ t ?9ks 
& hopes & loves4 ,x is nev] se54 ,x     
occupies a _w t we call ! bra91 & is    
=ev]1 s f> z we "k1 invisible4 ,ea* s\l 
lives 9 a _w ( its own1 & x endeavors to
 communicate ) ano!r s\l liv+ 9 a _w (  
its own1 ea* invisible to ! o!r1 & x    
does ?is 9 a v>iety ( ways4 ,t is !     
noble/ art :i* expresses ! noble/ ?\ght1
 t gives to ano!r ! noble/ emotions t   
?is unse5 s\l has4 ,9 ord] to d ?is we h
 to seize ^u ! se51 ! visible4 ,9 o!r   
words1 nature is a va/ diction>y t we   
use simply to convey f "o invisible _w  
to ano!r :at happ5s 9 our invisible _w4 
,! man t lives 9 ! greate/ _w & succe$s 
9 lett+ o!r worlds "k :at happ5s 9 8 _w1
 is ! greate/ arti/4  ,i believe t all  
arts h ! same fa!r & ! same "m1 & no    
matt] :e!r y express :at happ5s 9 ^!    
unse5 worlds 9 m]e words--because ne>ly 
all pictures h be5 made ) words--or :e!r
 y express x 9 m>ble1 or =m & color 9   
:at we call pa9t+1 x is to c>ry on t    

comm]ce betwe5 ^! invisible worlds1 & he
 is ! greate/ arti/ :o expresses !      
t5d]e/1 noble/ ?\ghts to ! unse5 worlds 
ab\t him4 ,s t all art consi/s 9 ?is    
comm]ce1 e s\l be+ an arti/ & e bra9 t  
is wor? talk+ ab\t be+ an art gall]y1 & 
!re is no gall]y 9 ?is _w1 n 9 !        
,vatican or ! ,l\vre or any o!r place1  
comp>able ) ! gall]y 9 e great bra94 ,! 
millions ( pictures t are 9 e bra9      
to-night2 ! l&scapes1 ! faces1 ! gr\ps1 
! millions ( millions ( millions ( ?+s t
 are n[ liv+ "h 9 e bra91 all unse51 all
 invisible =ev]6 ,yet we communicate )  
ea* o!r by %[+ ea* o!r ^! pictures1 ^!  
/udies1 & by invit+ o!rs into our       
gall]ies & %[+ !m :at we h1 & ! greate/ 
arti/ is he :o has ! mo/ pictures to %[ 
to o!r arti/s4  ,i love any?+ 9 art t   
sugge/s ! t5d]1 ! beautiful4 ,:at is    
beauty8 ,( c\rse !re is no absolute     
beauty4 ,all beauty is relative4        
,probably ! mo/ beautiful ?+ to a frog  
is ! speckl$ belly ( ano!r frog1 or to a
 snake ! m>k+s ( ano!r snake4 ,s !re is 

no su* ?+ z absolute beauty4 ,b :at ,i  
call beauty is :at sugge/s to me !      
highe/ & ! t5d]e/ ?\ght2 some?+ t answ]s
 to some?+ 9 my _w4 ,s e "w ( art has to
 be born 9 "s bra91 & x mu/ be made by !
 unse5 arti/ we call ! s\l4 ,n[1 if a   
man simply copies :at he sees1 he is    
no?+ b a copyi/4 ,t does n require      
g5ius4 ,t requires indu/ry & ! habit (  
obs]vation4 ,b x is n g5ius2 x is n art4
 ,^? little daubs & %r$s & pat*es we get
 by copy+1 are pieces ( iron t ne$ to be
 put into ! flame ( g5ius to be molt5 & 
!n ca/ 9 noble =ms2 o!rwise !re is no   
g5ius4  ,! great picture %\ld h1 n only 
! te*nical "p ( art1 :i* is nei!r moral 
nor immoral1 b 9 addition "s great      
?\ght1 "s great ev5t4 ,x %\ld conta9 n  
only a hi/ory b a prophecy4 ,!re %\ld be
 9 x s\l1 feel+1 ?\ght ,i love ^? little
 pictures ( ! home1 ( ! fireside1 ( !   
old lady1 boil+ ! kettle1 ! v9e runn+   
ov] ! cottage door1 sc5es sugge/+ to me 
happ9ess1 cont5tm5t4 ,i ?9k m ( !m ?an (
 ! great w> pieces1 & ,i hope ,i %all h 

a few ye>s 9 "s su* sc5es1 dur+ :i* ,i  
%all n c>e :at "t x is1 :at day ( ! week
 or mon? x is4 ,j t feel+ ( cont5t :5 x 
is en\gh to live1 to brea!1 to h ! blue 
sky above y & to he> ! music ( ! wat]4  
,all art t gives u t cont5t1 t delight1 
enri*es ?is _w & makes life bett] &     
holi]4  ,t1 9 a g5]al k9d ( way1 z ,i   
said be=e1 is my idea ( art1 & ,i hope t
 ! arti/s ( ,am]ica--& !y ought to be z 
good "h z 9 any place on e>?--w gr[ day 
by day & ye> by ye> indep5d5t ( all o!r 
art 9 ! _w1 & be true to ! ,am]ican or  
republican _s always4 ,z to ?is picture1
 x is repres5tative1 x is ,am]ican4 ,!re
 is "o ^w ,mr4 ,daniel ,d\gh]ty said to 
:i* ,i w\ld l to ref]4 ,i h nev] said v 
mu* 9 my life 9 def5ce ( ,engl&1 at !   
same "t ,i h nev] blam$ ,engl& = be+    
aga9/ u dur+ our w>1 & ,i w tell y :y4  
,we _h be5 a nation ( hypocrites4 ,we   
pret5d$ to be 9 favor ( lib]ty & yet we 
_h f\r or five millions ( our p enslav$4
 ,t 0 a v awkw>d position4 ,we _h       
bloodh\nds to hunt human be+s & !       

apo/les sett+ !m on2 & :ile ?is 0 go+ on
 ^! poor wret*es s\ght & f\nd lib]ty on 
,briti% soil4 ,n[1 :y n be hone/ ab\t x8
 ,we 7 r a contemptible p1 ?\gh ,mr4    
,d\gh]ty ?9ks ! ,engli% 7 :olly at      
fault4 ,b ,engl& aboli%$ ! slave-trade 9
 #ahjc2 %e aboli%$ slav]y 9 h] colonies 
9 #ahcc4 ,we 7 lagg+ beh9d4 ,t is all   
!re is ab\t x4 ,no matt] :y1 we put     
ourselves 9 ! position ( pret5d+ to be a
 free p :ile we _h millions ( slaves1 & 
x 0 only natural t ,engl& %\ld dislike  
x4  ,i ?9k ! *airman said t !re _h be5  
no great hi/oric picture ( ! sign+ ( !  
,con/itution4 ,!re nev] %\ld be1 nev]6  
,x 0 fit1 x 0 prop]1 to h a picture ( ! 
sign+ ( ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce4 ,t 
0 an hone/ docum5t4 ,our p want$ to give
 a good reason = fight+ ,great ,brita91 
& 9 ord] to d t !y _h to dig d[n to !   
b$-rock ( human rights1 & !n !y said all
 m5 are creat$ equal4 ,b j z soon z we  
got our indep5d5ce we made a            
,con/itution t gave ! lie to !          
,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce1 & t is :y !  

sign+ ( ! ,con/itution nev] ought to be 
pa9t$4 ,we put 9 t ,con/itution a clause
 t ! slave-trade %\ld n be int]f]$ ) =  
ye>s1 & ano!r clause t ?is entire       
,gov]nm5t 0 pl$g$ to h& back to slav]y  
any poor woman ) a *ild at h] brea/1    
seek+ fre$om by flight4 ,x 0 a v poor   
docum5t4 ,a little :ile ago !y celebrat$
 ! "o hundr$? anniv]s>y ( t bus9ess &   
talk$ ab\t ! ,con/itution be+ su* a     
wond]ful ?+2 yet :at 0 9 t ,con/itution 
br\ght on ! mo/ t]rible civil w> ev]    
kn[n1 & dur+ t w> !y said3 ,give u !    
,con/itution z x is & ! ,union z x 04 ,&
 ,i said !n3 ,curse ! ,con/itution z x  
is & ! ,union z x 04 ,don't talk to me  
ab\t fight+ = a ,con/itution t has      
br\ght on a w> l ?is2 let u make a new  
"o4 ,no1 ,i am 9 favor ( a pa9t+ t w\ld 
celebrate ! adoption ( ! am5dm5t to !   
,con/itution t decl>es t !re %all be no 
m slav]y on ?is soil4  ,i believe t we  
are gett+ a little m free e day--a      
little m s5sible all ! "t4 ,a few ye>s  
ago a woman 9 ,g]many made a spee*1 9   

:i* %e ask$3 ,:y %\ld ! ,g]man "m 9 pa9 
& agony give bir? to a *ild & re> t *ild
 ?r\gh indu/ry & pov]ty1 & tea* him t :5
 he arrives at ! age ( tw5ty-"o x w be 8
 duty to kill ! *ild ( ! ,fr5* "m8 ,& :y
 %\ld ! ,fr5* "m tea* h] son1 t x w be 8
 duty sometime to kill ! *ild ( ! ,g]man
 "m8 ,!re is m s5se 9 t ?an 9 all !     
diplomacy ,i ev] read1 & ,i ?9k ! "t is 
com+ :5 t "q w be ask$ by e "m--,:y %\ld
 %e raise a *ild to kill ! *ild ( ano!r 
"m8  ,! "t is com+ :5 we w d away ) all 
?is4 ,man has be5 taught t he ought to  
fight = ! c\ntry :]e he 0 born2 no matt]
 ab\t t c\ntry be+ wrong1 :e!r x        
support$ him or n1 :e!r x enslav$ him & 
trampl$ on e "r he _h1 /ill x 0 8 duty  
to m>* up 9 support ( t c\ntry4 ,! "t w 
come :5 ! man w make up 8 m9d himself   
:e!r ! c\ntry is wor? :ile fight+ =1 &  
he is ! greate/ patriot :o seeks to make
 8 c\ntry wor? fight+ =1 & n he :o says1
 ,i am = x anyh[1 :e!r x is "r or n4 ,^!
 patriots w be ! =ce ,mr4 ,george 0     
speak+ ab\t4 ,if w> betwe5 ?is c\ntry & 

,great ,brita9 7 decl>$1 & !re 7 m5 9   
bo? c\ntries suffici5t to take a "r view
 ( x1 t w\ld be ! end ( w>4 ,! ?+ w\ld  
be settl$ by arbitration--settl$ by "s  
c\rt--& no "o w\ld dream ( ru%+ to !    
field ( battle4 ,s1 t is my hope = ! _w2
 m policy1 m good1 solid1 s\nd s5se &   
less mud patriotism4  ,i ?9k t ?is      
c\ntry is go+ to gr[4 ,i ?9k x w take 9 
,mr4 ,wiman's c\ntry4 ,i d n mean t we  
are go+ to take any c\ntry4 ,i mean t !y
 are go+ to come to u4 ,i d n believe 9 
conque/4 ,canada w come j z soon z x is 
to h] int]e/ to come1 & ,i ?9k %e w come
 or be a great c\ntry to h]self4 ,i d n 
believe 9 ^? p1 intellig5t z !y are1    
s5d+ ?ree ?\s& miles = in=mation !y h at
 home4 ,i d n believe 9 _! be+ gov]n$ by
 anybody except !mselves4 ,s if !y come 
we %all be glad to h !m1 if !y don't    
want to come ,i don't want !m4  ,yes1 we
 are gr[+4 ,i don't "k h[ _m millions ( 
p we h n[1 probably ov] sixty-two if !y 
all get c\nt$2 & !y are /ill com+4 ,i   
expect to live to see "o hundr$ millions

 "h4 ,i "k "s say t we are gett+ too _m 
=eign]s1 b ,i say ! m t come ! bett]4   
,we h got to h somebody to take ! places
 ( ! sons ( our ri* p4 ,s ,i say let !m 
come4 ,!re is pl5ty ( l& "h1 ev]y:]e4 ,i
 say to ! p ( e c\ntry1 come2 d y\r "w  
"h1 & we w protect y aga9/ o!r c\ntries4
 ,we w give y all ! "w to supply        
y\rselves & y\r neighbors4  ,!n if we h 
diff]5ces ) ano!r c\ntry we %all h a    
/rong navy1 big %ips1 big guns1         
magnific5t m5 & pl5ty ( !m1 & if we put 
out ! h& ( fell[%ip & fri5d%ip !y w "k  
!re is no fooli%ness ab\t x4 ,!y w "k we
 are n ask+ any favor4 ,we w j say3 ,we 
want peace1 & we tell y ov] ! gli/5+    
leaves ( ?is olive bran* t if y don't   
compromise we w mop ! e>? ) y4  ,t is ! 
sort ( arbitration ,i believe 91 & x is 
! only sort1 9 my judgm5t1 t w be       
effectual = all "t4 ,& ,i hope t we may 
/ill gr[1 & gr[ m & m arti/ic1 & m & m 9
 favor ( peace1 & ,i pray t we may      
f9ally arrive at be+ absolutely wor?y ( 
hav+ pres5t$ t picture1 ) all t x       

implies1 to ! mo/ w>like nation 9 !     
_w--to ! nation t fir/ s5ds ! gospel &  
!n ! musket imm$iately aft]1 & says3 ,y 
h got to be civiliz$1 & ! only evid5ce (
 civilization t y c give is to buy our  
goods & to buy !m n[1 & to pay = !m4 ,i 
wi% u to be wor?y ( ! picture pres5t$ to
 su* a nation1 & my pray] is t ,am]ica  
may be wor?y to h s5t su* a tok5 9 su* a
 _s1 & my second pray] is t ,engl& may  
be wor?y to receive x & to keep x1 & t  
%e may receive x 9 ! same _s t x is s5t4
  ,i am glad t x is to be s5t by a      
woman4 ,! g5tleman :o spoke to ! toa/1  
,woman z a ,peacemak]1 seem$ to believe 
t woman br\ght all ! sorr[s t ev]       
happ5$1 n only ( w>1 b tr\bles ( e k9d4 
,i want to say to him t ,i w\ld r live )
 ! woman ,i love 9 a _w ( w>1 9 a _w    
full ( tr\bles & sorr[s1 ?an to live 9  
heav5 ) nobody b m54 ,i believe t woman 
is a peacemak]1 & s ,i am glad t a woman
 pres5ts ?is tok5 to ano!r woman2 &     
woman is a f> high] title ?an que51 9 my
 judgm5t2 f> high]4 ,!re are no high]   

titles ?an woman1 "m1 wife1 si/]1 & :5  
!y come to call+ !m c\ntesses & du*esses
 & que5s1 t is all rot4 ,t adds no?+ to 
t unse5 arti/ :o inhabits ! _w call$ !  
bra94 ,t unse5 arti/ is great by nature 
& _c be made great] by ! addition (     
titles4 ,& s "o woman gives to ano!r    
woman ! picture t prophesies w> is      
f9ally to cease1 & ! civiliz$ nations ( 
! _w w h5ce=? arbitrate _! diff]5ces &  
no long] /rew ! pla9s ) corpses (       
bre?r54 ,t is ! supreme lesson t is     
taught by ?is picture1 & ,i congratulate
 ,mr4 ,c>p5t] t 8 "n is associat$ ) x & 
also ) ! ,proclamation ( ,emancipation4 
,9 ! latt] "w he has associat$ 8 "n ) t 
( ,l9coln1 :i* is ! greate/ "n 9 hi/ory1
 & ! g5tle/ memory 9 ?is _w4 ,mr4       
,c>p5t] has associat$ 8 "n ) t & ) ?is &
 ) t ( ,g5]al ,grant1 = ,i say t ?is    
picture w\ld nev] h be5 possible _h !re 
n be5 beh9d x ,grant2 if !re _h n be5   
beh9d x ! victori\s armies ( ! ,nor? & !
 great armies ( ! ,s\?1 t w\ld h unit$  
in/antly to repel any =eign foe4        

,,unit>ian ,,club ,,d9n]4  ,new ,york1  
,janu>y #ae1ahib4   ,,toa/3 ,,! ,,ideal4
  ,,mr4 ,,presid5t1 ,ladies & ,g5tlem53 
,9 ! fir/ place1 ,i wi% to t5d] my ?anks
 to ?is club = hav+ g5]osity & s5se     
en\gh to invite me to speak ?is ev5+4 ,x
 is probably ! be/ ?+ ! club has ev]    
done4 ,y h %[n t y are n afraid ( a man 
simply because he does n happ5 to agree 
entirely ) y1 al?\gh 9 a v g5]al way x  
may be said t ,i come )9 "o ( y4  ,s ,i 
?9k1 n only t y h honor$ me--t1 ,i mo/  
*e]fully & gratefully admit--b1 ^u my   
^w1 ,i ?9k t y h honor$ y\rselves4 ,&   
imag9e ! di/ance ! religi\s _w has      
travel$ 9 ! la/ few ye>s to make a ?+ ( 
?is k9d possible6 ,y "k--,i presume e "o
 ( y kn[s--t ,i h no religion--n en\gh  
to la/ a m9ute--none :atev]--t is1 9 !  
ord9>y s5se ( t ^w4 ,& yet y h become s 
ne>ly civiliz$ t y are will+ to he> :at 
,i h to say2 & ,i h become s ne>ly      
civiliz$ t ,i am will+ to say :at ,i    
?9k4  ,&1 9 ! second place1 let me say t
 ,i h great respect = ! ,unit>ian ,*ur*4

 ,i h great respect = ! memory ( ,!odore
 ,p>k]4 ,i h great respect = e man :o   
has assi/$ 9 reav+ ! heav5s ( an inf9ite
 mon/]4 ,i h great respect = e man :o   
has help$ to put out ! fires ( hell4 ,9 
o!r words1 ,i h great respect = e man :o
 has tri$ to civilize my race4  ,!      
,unit>ian ,*ur* has done m ?an any o!r  
*ur*--& may be m ?an all o!r *ur*es--to 
sub/itute "* = cre$1 & to say t a man   
%\ld be judg$ by 8 _s2 by ! climate ( 8 
he>t2 by ! autumn ( 8 g5]osity2 by !    
spr+ ( 8 hope2 t he %\ld be judg$ by :at
 he does2 by ! influ5ce t he ex]ts1 r   
?an by ! my?ology he may believe4 ,&    
:e!r !re be "o ,god or a million1 ,i am 
p]fectly satisfi$ t e duty t devolves ^u
 me is )9 my rea*2 x is some?+ t ,i c d 
myself1 )\t ! help ( anybody else1 ei!r 
9 ?is _w or any o!r4  ,n[1 9 ord] to    
make myself pla9 on ?is subject--,i ?9k 
,i 0 to speak ab\t ! ,ideal--,i want to 
?ank ! ,unit>ian ,*ur* = :at x has done2
 & ,i want to ?ank ! ,univ]sali/ ,*ur*1 
too4 ,!y at lea/ believe 9 a ,god :o is 

a g5tleman2 & t is mu* m ?an 0 ev] done 
by an or?odox *ur*4 ,!y believe1 at     
lea/1 9 a heav5ly fa!r :o w leave ! lat*
 /r+ out until ! la/ *ild gets home2 & z
 t lets me 9--especially 9 ref]5ce to ! 
la/--,i h great respect = t *ur*4  ,b n[
 ,i am com+ to ! ,ideal2 & 9 :at ,i may 
say y may n all agree4 ,i hope y won't1 
because t w\ld be to me evid5ce t ,i am 
wrong4 ,y _c expect ev]ybody to agree 9 
! "r1 & ,i _c expect to be always 9 ! "r
 myself4 ,i h to judge ) ! /&>d call$ my
 reason1 & ,i d n "k :e!r x is "r or n2 
,i w admit t4 ,b z oppos$ to any o!r    
man's1 ,i w bet on m9e4 ,t is to say1 = 
home use4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ,i ?9k x is  
said 9 "s book--& if ,i am wrong !re are
 pl5ty "h to correct me--t ! fe> ( ! ,"l
 is ! beg9n+ ( wisdom4 ,i ?9k a k ( !   
limitations ( ! human m9d is ! beg9n+ ( 
wisdom1 &1 ,i may almo/ say1 ! end (    
x--really to und]/& y\rself4  ,n[1 let  
me lay d[n ?is proposition4 ,!          
imag9ation ( man has ! horizon (        
exp]i5ce2 & beyond exp]i5ce or nature   

man _c g1 ev5 9 imag9ation4 ,man is n a 
creator4 ,he comb9es2 he adds toge!r2 he
 divides2 he subtracts2 he does n       
create1 ev5 9 ! _w ( imag9ation4 ,let me
 make myself a little pla9]3 ,n "o "h--n
 "o 9 ! wide1 wide _w c ?9k ( a color t 
he nev] saw4 ,no human be+ c imag9e a   
s\nd t he has n he>d1 & no "o c ?9k ( a 
ta/e t he has n exp]i5c$4 ,he c add     
to--t is add toge!r--comb9e2 b he _c1 by
 any possibility1 create4  ,man         
orig9ally1 we w say--g back to ! age (  
b>b>ism1 & y w n h to g f>2 our own     
*ildhood1 probably1 is z f> z is        
necess>y--b g back to :at is call$ ! age
 ( savag]y2 e man 0 an ideali/1 z e man 
is to-day an ideali/4 ,e man 9 savage or
 civiliz$ "t1 comm5c+ ) ! fir/ t ev]    
crawl$ out ( a cave & pu%$ ! hair back f
 8 =ehead to look at ! sun--comm5ce )   
him & end ) ,judge ,wright--! la/       
expression on ! ,god "q--& f t cave to !
 s\l t lives 9 ?is temple1 ev]yone has  
be5 an ideali/ & has endeavor$ to acc\nt
 9 "s way = :at he saw & = :at he felt2 

9 o!r words1 = ! ph5om5a ( nature4 ,!   
easie/ way to acc\nt = x by ! rude/     
savage1 is ! way x has be5 acc\nt$ =    
to-night4 ,:at makes ! riv] run8 ,!re's 
a god 9 x4 ,:at makes ! tree gr[8 ,!re's
 a god 9 x4 ,:at makes ! /> %9e8 ,!re's 
a god 9 x4 ,:at makes ! sun rise8 ,:y1  
he is a god himself4 ,& :at makes !     
night+ale s+ until ! air is fa9t )      
melody8 ,!re's a god 9 x4  ,!y comm5c$  
mak+ gods to acc\nt = ev]y?+ t happ5s2  
gods ( dreams & gods ( love & fri5d%ip1 
& h]oism & c\rage4 ,spl5did6 ,!y kept   
mak+ m & m4 ,! m !y f\nd out 9 nature1  
up to a c]ta9 po9t1 ! m gods !y ne$$2 & 
!y kept on mak+ gods until almo/ e wave 
( ! sea bore a god4 ,gods on e m\nta91 &
 9 e vale & field1 & by e /ream6 ,gods 9
 fl[]s1 gods 9 grass2 gods ev]y:]e6 ,all
 acc\nt+ = ?is _w & = :at happ5$ 9 ?is  
_w4  ,!n1 :5 !y _h got ab\t to ! top1 :5
 _! +5uity _h be5 exhau/$1 !y _h n      
produc$ any?+1 & !y did n produce any?+ 
beyond _! own exp]i5ce4 ,we are told t  
!y 7 idolat]s4 ,t is a mi/ake1 except 9 

! s5se t we are all idolat]s4 ,!y said1 
,"h is a god2 let u express our idea (  
him4 ,he is /rong] ?an a man2 let u give
 him ! body ( a lion4 ,he is swift] ?an 
a man2 let u give him ! w+s ( an eagle4 
,he is wis] ?an a man--& :5 a man 0 v   
savage he said1 let u give him ! head ( 
a s]p5t2 a s]p5t is wond]fully wise2 he 
travels )\t feet2 he climbs )\t claws2  
he lives )\t food1 & he is ( ! simple/  
conceivable =m4  ,& t 0 simply to       
repres5t _! idea ( p[]1 ( swiftness1 (  
wisdom4 ,& yet ?is impossible mon/] 0   
simply made ( :at man _h se5 9 nature1 &
 he put ! v>i\s attributes or p>ts      
toge!r by 8 imag9ation4 ,he creat$ no?+4
 ,he simply took ^! p>ts ( c]ta9 bea/s1 
:5 bea/s 7 suppos$ to be sup]ior to man 
9 "s p>ticul>s1 & 9 t way express$ 8    
?\ght4  ,y g into ! t]ritory ( ,arizona 
to-day1 & y w f9d !re pictures ( ,god4  
,he 0 clo!d 9 /one1 ?r\gh :i* no arr[   
c\ld pi]ce1 & s !y call$ ,god !         
,/one-,%irt$ :om no ,indian c\ld kill4  
,t 0 = ! simple & only reason t x 0     

impossible to get an arr[ ?r\gh 8 armor4
 ,!y got ! idea f ! armadillo4  ,n[1 ,i 
am simply say+ ?is to %[ t !y 7 mak+    
gods = all ^! c5turies1 & mak+ !m out ( 
some?+ !y f\nd 9 nature4 ,!n1 aft] !y   
got ?r\gh ) ! bea/ bus9ess1 !y made gods
 aft] ! image ( man2 & !y are ! be/     
gods1 s f> z ,i "k1 t h be5 made4  ,!   
gods t 7 fir/ made aft] ! image ( man 7 
n made aft] ! patt]n ( v good m52 b !y 7
 good m5 accord+ to ! /&>d ( t "t1      
because1 z ,i w %[ y 9 a mom5t1 all ^!  
?+s are relative4 ,! qualities or ?+s t 
we call m]cy1 ju/ice1 *>ity & religion  
are all relative4 ,!re 0 a "t :5 !      
victor on ! field ( battle 0 exce$+ly   
m]ciful if he fail$ to eat 8 prison]2 he
 0 reg>d$ z a v *>itable g5tleman if he 
refus$ to eat ! man he _h captur$ 9     
battle4 ,aft]w>d he 0 reg>d$ z an       
exce$+ly b5evol5t p]son if he w\ld sp>e 
a prison]'s life & make him a slave4  ,s
 t--b y all "k x z well z ,i d or y w\ld
 n be ,unit>ians--all ?is has be5 simply
 a gr[? f ye> to ye>1 f g5]ation to     

g5]ation1 f age to age4 ,& let me tell y
 ! fir/ ?+ ab\t ^! gods t !y made aft] !
 image ( m54 ,aft] a "t !re 7 m5 on !   
e>? :o 7 bett] ?an ^! gods 9 heav54  ,!n
 ^? gods began to die1 "o aft] ano!r1 & 
dropp$ f _! ?rones4 ,! "t w probably    
come 9 ! hi/ory ( ?is _w :5 an insurance
 company c calculate ! av]age life (    
gods z well z !y d n[ ( m52 because all 
^! gods h be5 made by folks4 ,&1 let me 
say "r "h1 ! folks did ! be/ !y c\ld4 ,i
 d n blame !m4 ,ev]ybody 9 ! bus9ess has
 always done 8 be/4 ,i admit x4 ,i admit
 t man has travel$ f ! fir/ conception  
up to ,unit>ianism by a necess>y road4  
,"u ! conditions he c\ld h come up 9 no 
o!r way4 ,i admit all t4 ,i blame       
nobody4 ,b ,i am simply try+ to tell1 9 
a v feeble mann]1 h[ x is4  ,n[1 9 a    
little :ile1 ,i say1 m5 got bett] ?an _!
 gods4 ,!n ! gods began to die4 ,!n we  
began to f9d out a few ?+s 9 nature1 &  
we f\nd out t we 7 support+ m gods ?an 7
 necess>y--t few] gods c\ld d !         
bus9ess--& t1 f an economical po9t (    

view1 exp5ses ought to be cut d[n4 ,!re 
7 too _m temples1 too _m prie/s1 & y    
always _h to give ti!s ( some?+ to ea*  
"o1 & ^! gods 7 ab\t to eat up !        
sub/ance ( ! _w4  ,& !re came a "t :5 x 
got to t po9t t ei!r ! gods w\ld eat up 
! p or ! p mu/ de/roy "s gods1 & ( c\rse
 !y de/roy$ ! gods--"o by "o & 9 _!     
places !y put =ces ( nature to d !      
bus9ess--=ces ( nature t ne$$ no *ur*1 t
 ne$$ no !ologians2 =ces ( nature t y   
are "u no obligation to2 t y d n h to   
pay any?+ to keep work+4 ,we f\nd t !   
attraction ( gravitation w\ld att5d to  
its bus9ess1 night & day1 at its own    
exp5se4 ,!re 0 a great sav+4 ,i wi% x 7 
! same ) all k9ds ( law1 s t we c\ld all
 g into "s useful bus9ess1 includ+      
myself4  ,s day by day1 !y disp5s$ ) ?is
 exp5se ( deities2 & ! _w got along j z 
well--a good deal bett]4 ,!y us$ to     
?9k--a community ?\ght--t if a man 0    
all[$ to say a ^w aga9/ a deity1 ! god  
w\ld visit 8 v5geance ^u ! entire       
nation4 ,b !y f\nd out1 aft] a :ile1 t  

no h>m came ( x2 s !y w5t on de/roy+ !  
gods4 ,n[1 all ^! ?+s are relative2 & !y
 made gods a little bett] all ! "t--,i  
admit t--till we /ruck ! ,presbyt]ian1  
:i* is probably ! wor/ ev] made4 ,!     
,presbyt]ians seem to h br$ back4  ,b no
 matt]4 ,z man became m j1 or ne>] j1 z 
he became m *>itable1 or ne>] *>itable1 
8 god grew to be a little bett] & a     
little bett]4 ,he 0 v bad 9 ,g5eva--!   
?ree t we !n _h4 ,!y 7 v bad 9          
,scotl&--horrible6 ,v bad 9 ,new        
,engl&--infam\s6 ,i might z well tell ! 
tru? ab\t x--v bad6 ,& !n m5 w5t to "w1 
f9ally1 to civilize _! gods1 to civilize
 heav51 to give heav5 ! b5efit ( !      
fre$om ( ?is brave _w4 ,t's :at we did4 
,we want$ to civilize religion--civilize
 :at is kn[n z ,*ri/ianity4 ,& no?+ on  
e>? ne$$ civilization m2 & no?+ ne$s x m
 ?an t to-night4 ,civilization6 ,i am n 
s mu* = ! fre$om ( religion z ,i am = ! 
religion ( fre$om4  ,n[1 !re 0 a "t :5  
our ance/ors--good p1 away back1 all    
dead1 no great regret express$ at ?is   

meet+ on t acc\nt--!re 0 a "t :5 our    
ance/ors 7 happy 9 _! belief t ne>ly    
ev]ybody 0 to be lo/1 & t a few1 includ+
 !mselves1 7 to be sav$4 ,t religion1 ,i
 say1 fitt$ t "t4 ,x fitt$ _! geology4  
,x 0 a v good runn+ mate = _! a/ronomy4 
,x 0 a good mat* = _! *emi/ry4 ,9 o!r   
words1 !y 7 ab\t equal 9 e dep>tm5t (   
human ignorance4  ,& !y insi/$ t !re    
liv$ up !re some:]e--g5]ally up--exactly
 :]e nobody has1 ,i believe1 yet said--a
 be+1 an inf9ite p]son )\t body1 p>ts1  
or passions1 & yet )\t passions he 0    
angry at ! wick$ e day2 )\t body he     
inhabit$ a c]ta9 place2 & )\t p>ts he 01
 aft] all1 9 "s /range & miracul\s      
mann]1 organiz$ s t he ?\ght4  ,& ,i    
don't "k t x is possible = anyone "h--,i
 don't "k t anyone "h is gift$ )        
imag9ation en\gh--to conceive ( su* a   
be+4 ,our fa!rs _h n imag9ation en\gh to
 d s1 at lea/1 & s !y said ( ?is ,god1 t
 he loves & he hates2 he puni%es & he   
rew>ds2 & t religion has be5 describ$   
p]fectly tonight by ,judge ,wright z    

really mak+ ,god a mon/]1 & m5 poor1    
helpless victims4 ,& ! highe/ possible  
conception ( ! or?odox man 01 f9ally1 to
 be a good s]vant--j lucky en\gh to get 
9--fea!rs some:at s+$1 b en\gh left to  
fly4 ,t 0 ! idea ( our fa!rs4 ,& !n came
 ^! divisions1 simply because m5 began  
to ?9k4  ,& :y did !y beg9 to ?9k8      
,because 9 e direction1 9 all dep>tm5ts1
 !y 7 gett+ m & m in=mation4 ,& !n !    
religion did n fit4 ,:5 !y f\nd out     
some?+ ( ! hi/ory ( ?is globe !y f\nd   
out t ! ,scriptures 7 n true4 ,i w n say
 n inspir$1 because ,i d n "k :e!r !y   
are inspir$ or n4 ,x is a "q1 to me1 (  
no possible importance1 :e!r !y are     
inspir$ or n4 ,! "q is3 ,are !y true8   
,if !y are true1 !y d n ne$ inspiration2
 & if !y are n true1 inspiration w n    
help !m4 ,s t is a matt] t ,i c>e no?+  
ab\t4  ,on e h&1 ,i say1 !y /udi$ &     
?\ght4 ,!y began to gr[--to h new ideas 
( m]cy1 k9dness1 ju/ice2 new ideas (    
duty--new ideas ( life4 ,! old gods1    
aft] we got pa/ ! civilization ( !      

,greeks1 pa/ _! my?ology--& x is ! be/  
my?ology t man has ev] made--aft] we got
 pa/ t1 ,i say1 ! gods c>$ v little ab\t
 wom54 ,wom5 occupi$ no place 9 !       
/ate--no place by ! he>?1 except "o (   
subord9ation1 & almo/ ( slav]y4 ,s !    
e>ly *ur*es made ,god aft] t image :o   
held wom5 9 contempt4 ,x 0 only         
natural--,i am n blam+ anybody--!y _h to
 d x1 x 0 "p ( ! mu/6  ,n[1 ,i say t we 
h advanc$ up to ! po9t t we dem& n only 
intellig5ce1 b ju/ice & m]cy1 9 ! sky2  
we dem& t--t idea ( ,god4 ,!n comes my  
tr\ble4 ,i want to be hone/ ab\t x4 ,"h 
is my tr\ble--& ,i want x also und]/ood 
t if ,i %\ld see a man pray+ to a /one  
image or to a /uff$ s]p5t1 ) t man's    
wife or daught] or son ly+ at ! po9t (  
dea?1 & t poor savage on 8 knees implor+
 t image or t /uff$ s]p5t to save 8 *ild
 or 8 wife1 !re is no?+ 9 my he>t t c\ld
 sugge/ ! slighte/ scorn1 or any o!r    
feel+ ?an t ( sympa?y2 any o!r feel+ ?an
 t ( grief t ! /uff$ s]p5t c\ld n answ] 
! pray] & t ! /one image did n feel2 ,i 

want t und]/ood4 ,& :]ev] man prays = ! 
"r--no matt] to :om or to :at he prays2 
:]e he prays = /r5g? to conqu] ! wrong1 
,i hope 8 pray] may be he>d2 & if ,i ?9k
 !re is no "o else to he> x ,i w he> x1 
& ,i am will+ to help answ] x to ! ext5t
 ( my p[]4  ,s ,i want x di/9ctly       
und]/ood t t is my feel+4 ,b "h is my   
tr\ble3 ,i f9d ?is _w made on a v cruel 
plan4 ,i d n say x is wrong--,i j say t 
t is ! way x seems to me4 ,i may be     
wrong myself1 because ?is is ! only _w  
,i 0 ev] 92 ,i am prov9cial4 ,?is gra9 (
 s& & te> !y call ! e>? is ! only _w ,i 
h ev] liv$ 94 ,& y h no idea h[ little  
,i "k ab\t ! re/ ( ?is univ]se2 y nev] w
 "k h[ little ,i "k ab\t x until y      
exam9e y\r own m9ds on ! same subject4  
,! plan is ?is3 ,life fe$s on life4     
,ju/ice does n always triumph3 ,innoc5ce
 is n a p]fect %ield4 ,!re is my tr\ble4
 ,no matt] n[1 :e!r y agree ) me or n2  
,i beg ( y to be hone/ & fair ) me 9 y\r
 ?\ght1 z ,i am t[>d y 9 m9e4  ,i hope1 
z dev\tly z y1 t !re is a p[] some:]e 9 

?is univ]se t w f9ally br+ ev]y?+ z x   
%\ld be4 ,i take a little consolation 9 
! p]haps--9 ! guess t ?is is only "o    
sc5e ( a great drama1 & t :5 ! curta9   
rises on ! fif? act1 if ,i live t long1 
,i may see ! coh]5ce & ! relation ( ?+s4
 ,b up to ! pres5t writ+--or speak+--,i 
d n4 ,i d n und]/& x--a ,god t has life 
fe$ on life2 e joy 9 ! _w born ( "s     
agony6 ,i d n und]/& :y 9 ?is _w1 ov] ! 
,niag>a ( cruelty1 %\ld run ?is ocean ( 
blood4 ,i d n und]/& x4 ,&1 !n1 :y does 
n ju/ice always triumph8 ,:y is n       
innoc5ce a p]fect %ield8 ,^! are my     
tr\bles4  ,suppose a man _h control ( ! 
atmosph]e1 knew en\gh ( ! secrets (     
nature1 _h read en\gh 9 nature's inf9ite
 book ( secrecy s t he c\ld control !   
w9d & ra92 suppose a man _h t p[]1 &    
suppose t la/ ye> he kept ! ra9 f       
,russia & did n all[ ! crops to rip5 :5 
hundr$s ( ?\s&s 7 fami%+ & :5 little    
babes 7 f\nd ) _! lips on ! brea/s (    
dead mo!rs6 ,:at w\ld y ?9k ( su* a man8
 ,n[1 !re is my tr\ble4 ,if !re be a    

,god he und]/ood ?is4 ,he knew :5 he    
)held 8 ra9 t ! fam9e w\ld come4 ,he saw
 ! dead mo!rs1 he saw ! empty brea/s (  
dea?1 & he saw ! helpless babes4 ,!re is
 my tr\ble4 ,i am p]fectly frank ) y &  
hone/4 ,t is my tr\ble4  ,n[1 und]/& me6
 ,i d n say !re is no ,god4 ,i d n "k4  
,z ,i told y be=e1 ,i h travel$ b v     
little--only 9 ?is _w4  ,i want x       
und]/ood t ,i d n pret5d to "k4 ,i say  
,i ?9k4 ,& 9 my m9d ! idea express$ by  
,judge ,wright s eloqu5tly & s          
beautifully is n exactly true4 ,i _c    
conceive ( ! ,god he endeavors to       
describe1 because he gives to t ,god w1 
purpose1 a*ievem5t1 b5evol5ce1 love1 &  
no =m--no organization--no wants4 ,!re's
 ! tr\ble4 ,no wants4 ,& let me say :y t
 is a tr\ble4 ,man acts only because he 
wants4 ,y civilize man by increas+ 8    
wants1 or1 z 8 wants increase he becomes
 civiliz$4 ,y f9d a lazy savage :o w\ld 
n hunt an elephant tusk to save y\r     
life4 ,b let him h a few ta/es ( :iskey 
& tobacco1 & he w run 8 legs (f = tusks4

 ,y h giv5 him ano!r want & he is will+ 
to "w4 ,& !y ne>ly all />t$ on ! road   
t[>d ,unit>ianism--t is to say1 t[>d    
civilization--9 t way4 ,y mu/ increase  
_! wants4  ,! "q arises3 ,c an inf9ite  
be+ want any?+8 ,if he does & _c get x1 
he is n happy4 ,if he does n want any?+1
 ,i _c help him4 ,i am "u no obligation 
to d any?+ = anybody :o does n ne$ any?+
 & :o does n want any?+4 ,n[1 !re is my 
tr\ble4 ,i may be wrong1 & ,i may get   
paid = x "s "t1 b t is my tr\ble4  ,i d 
n see--admitt+ t all is true t has be5  
said ab\t ! exi/5ce ( ,god--,i d n see  
:at ,i c d = him2 & ,i d n see ei!r :at 
he c d = me1 judg+ by :at he has done = 
o!rs4  ,& !n ,i come to ! o!r po9t1 t   
religion s-call$1 expla9s our duties to 
?is suppos$ be+1 :5 we d n ev5 "k t he  
exi/s2 & no human be+ has got imag9ation
 en\gh to describe him1 or to use su*   
words t y und]/& :at he is try+ to say4 
,i h li/5$ ) great pleasure to ,judge   
,wright ?is ev5+1 & ,i h he>d a great _m
 o!r beautiful ?+s on ! same            

subject--none bett] ?an 84 ,b ,i nev]   
und]/ood !m--nev]4  ,n[1 !n1 :at is     
religion8 ,i say1 religion is all "h 9  
?is _w--"r "h--& t all our duties are "r
 "h to our fell[-m52 t ! man t builds a 
home2 m>ries ! girl t he loves2 takes   
good c>e ( h]2 likes ! family2 /ays home
 nights1 z a g5]al ?+2 pays 8 debts2    
tries to f9d out :at he c2 gets all !   
ideas & beautiful ?+s t 8 m9d w hold2   
turns a "p ( 8 bra9 into a gall]y ( f9e 
arts2 has a ho/ ( pa9t+s & /atues !re2  
!n has ano!r ni*e devot$ to music--a    
magnific5t dome1 fill$ ) w+$ notes t    
rise to glory--n[1 ! man :o does t gets 
all he c f ! great ones dead2 swaps all 
! ?\ghts he c ) ! ones t are alive2 true
 to ! ideal t he has "h 9 8 bra9--he is 
:at ,i call a religi\s man1 because he  
makes ! _w bett]1 happi]2 he puts !     
dimples ( joy 9 ! *eeks ( ! ones he     
loves1 & he lets ! gods run heav5 to    
suit !mselves4 ,& ,i am n say+ t he is  
"r2 ,i d n "k4  ,?is is all ! religion t
 ,i h2 to make somebody else happi] if  

,i c4  ,i divide ?is _w into two        
classes--! cruel & ! k9d2 & ,i ?9k a    
?\s& times m ( a k9d man ?an ,i d ( an  
intellig5t man4 ,i ?9k m ( k9dness ?an  
,i d ( g5ius1 ,i ?9k m ( real1 good1    
human nature 9 t way--( "o :o is will+  
to l5d a help+ h& & :o goes ?r\gh ! _w )
 a face t looks z if its own] 7 will+ to
 answ] a dec5t "q--,i ?9k a ?\s& times m
 ( t ?an ,i d ( be+ !ologically "r2     
because ,i d n c>e :e!r ,i am           
!ologically "r or n4 ,x is some?+ t is n
 wor? talk+ ab\t1 because x is some?+ t 
,i nev]1 nev]1 nev] %all und]/&2 & e "o 
( y w die & y won't und]/& x ei!r--until
 aft] y die at any rate4 ,i d n "k :at w
 happ5 !n4  ,i am n d5y+ any?+4 ,!re is 
ano!r ideal1 & x is a beautiful ideal4  
,x is ! greate/ dream t ev] ent]$ ! he>t
 or bra9 ( man--! ,dream ( ,immortality4
 ,x 0 born ( human affection4 ,x did n  
come to u f heav54 ,x 0 born ( ! human  
he>t4 ,& :5 he :o lov$1 kiss$ ! lips (  
h] :o 0 dead1 !re came into 8 he>t !    
dream3 ,we may meet aga94  ,&1 let me   

tell y1 t hope ( immortality nev] came f
 any religion4 ,t hope ( immortality has
 help$ make religion4 ,x has be5 ! great
 oak ar\nd :i* h climb$ ! poison\s v9es 
( sup]/ition--t hope ( immortality is ! 
great oak4  ,& yet ! mom5t a man        
expresses a d\bt ab\t ! tru? ( ,jo%ua or
 ,jonah or ! o!r ?ree fell[s 9 a        
furnace1 up hops "s poor little wret* & 
says1 ,:y1 he doesn't want to live any  
m2 he wants to die & g d[n l a dog1 & t 
is ! end ( him & 8 wife & *ildr54 ,!y   
really seem to ?9k t ! mom5t a man is   
:at !y call an ,infidel he has no       
affections1 no he>t1 no feel+1 no       
hope--no?+--no?+4 ,j anxi\s to be       
annihilat$6 ,b1 if ! or?odox cre$ be    
true1 ,i make my *oice to-night4 ,i take
 hell4 ,& if x is betwe5 hell &         
annihilation1 ,i take annihilation4  ,i 
w tell y :y ,i take hell 9 mak+ ! fir/  
*oice4 ,we h he>d f bo? ( ^?            
places--heav5 & hell4 ,accord+ to ! ,new
 ,te/am5t !re 0 a ri* man 9 hell1 & a   
poor man1 ,laz>us1 9 heav54 ,& !re 0    

ano!r g5tleman by ! "n ( ,abraham4 ,!   
ri* man 9 hell 0 9 flames1 & he call$ = 
wat]1 & !y told him !y c\ldn't give him 
any4 ,no bridge6 ,b !y did n express !  
slighte/ regret t !y c\ld n give him any
 wat]4 ,mr4 ,abraham 0 n dec5t en\gh to 
say he w\ld if he c\ld2 no1 sir2 no?+4  
,x did n make any diff]5ce to him4 ,b   
?is ri* man 9 hell--9 torm5t--8 he>t 0  
all "r1 = he rememb]$ 8 bro!rs2 & he    
said to ?is ,abraham1 ,if y _c g1 :y1   
s5d a man to my five bre?r51 s t !y w n 
come to ?is place6 ,good fell[1 to ?9k (
 8 five bro!rs :5 he 0 burn+ up4 ,good  
fell[4 ,be/ fell[ we ev] he>d f on ! o!r
 side--9 ei!r _w4  ,s1 ,i say !re is my 
place4 ,&1 incid5tally1 ,abraham at t "t
 gave 8 judgm5t z to ! value ( miracles4
 ,he said1 ,?\gh "o %\ld arise f ! dead 
he w\ldn't help y\r five bre?r56 ,!re   
are ,moses & ! prophets4 ,no ne$ ( rais+
 p f ! dead4  ,t is my idea1 9 a g5]al  
way1 ab\t religion2 & ,i want !         
imag9ation to g to "w ^u x1 tak+ !      
p]fections ( "o *ur*1 ( "o s*ool1 ( "o  

sy/em1 & putt+ !m toge!r1 j z ! sculptor
 makes a great /atue by tak+ ! eyes f   
"o1 ! nose f ano!r1 ! limbs f ano!r1 & s
 on2 j z !y make a great pa9t+ f a      
l&scape by putt+ a riv] 9 ?is place1    
in/ead ( ov] !re1 *ang+ ! location ( a  
tree & improv+ on :at !y call nature--t 
is to say1 simply by add+ to1 tak+ f2 t 
is all we c d4 ,b let u g on do+ t until
 !re %all be a *ur* 9 sympa?y ) ! be/   
human he>t & 9 h>mony ) ! be/ human     
bra94  ,&1 :at is m1 let u h t religion 
= ! _w we live 94 ,"r "h6 ,let u h t    
religion until x _c be said t !y :o d ! 
mo/ "w h ! lea/ to eat4 ,let u h t      
religion "h until hundr$s & ?\s&s ( wom5
 are n compell$ to make a liv+ ) ! ne$le
 t has be5 call$ ! asp = ! brea/ ( !    
poor1 & to live 9 t5em5ts1 9 fil?1 :]e  
mode/y is impossible4  ,i say1 let u    
prea* t religion "h until m5 w be a%am$ 
to h =ty or fifty millions1 or any m ?an
 !y ne$1 :ile _! bre?r5 lack bread--:ile
 _! si/]s die f want4 ,let u prea* t    
religion "h until man w h m ambition to 

become wise & good ?an to become ri* &  
p[]ful4 ,let u prea* t religion "h among
 ourselves until !re are no abus$ &     
beat5 wives4 ,let u prea* t religion    
until *ildr5 are no long] afraid ( _!   
own p>5ts & until !re is no back ( a    
*ild be>+ ! sc>s ( a fa!r's la%4 ,let u 
prea* x1 ,i say1 until we und]/& & "k t 
e man does z he mu/1 & t1 if we want    
bett] m5 & wom51 we mu/ h bett]         
conditions4  ,let u prea* ?is gr&       
religion until ev]y:]e1 ! _w ov]1 m5 are
 j & k9d to ea* o!r4 ,& !n1 if !re be   
ano!r _w1 we %all be prep>$ = x4 ,& if  
,i come into ! pres5ce ( an inf9ite1    
good1 & wise be+1 he w say1 ,well1 y did
 ! be/ y c\ld4 ,y did v well1 inde$4    
,!re is pl5ty ( "w = y to d "h4 ,try &  
get a little high] ?an y 7 be=e4 ,let u 
prea* t "o drop ( re/itution is wor? an 
ocean ( rep5tance4  ,& if !re is a life 
( et]nal progress be=e u1 ,i %all be z  
glad z any o!r angel to f9d t out4  ,b  
,i w n sacrifice ! _w ,i h = "o ,i "k n 
(4 ,i w n live "h 9 fe>1 :5 ,i d n "k t 

t :i* ,i fe> lives4  ,i am go+ to live a
 p]fectly free man4 ,i am go+ to reap ! 
h>ve/ ( my m9d1 no matt] h[ poor x is1  
:e!r x is :eat or corn or wor?less we$s4
 ,& ,i am go+ to scatt] x4 ,"s may fall 
on /ony gr\nd4 ,b ,i ?9k ,i h /ruck good
 soil to-night4  ,& s1 ladies & g5tlem51
 ,i ?ank y a ?\s& times = y\r att5tion4 
,i beg t y w =give ! "t t ,i h tak51 &  
all[ me to say1 once m1 t ?is ev5t m>ks 
an epo* 9 ,religi\s ,lib]ty 9 ! ,unit$  
,/ates4     ,,we/]n ,,society ,,( ,,!   
,,army ,,( ,,! ,,potomac ,,banquet4     
,*icago1 ,janu>y #ca1 #ahid4       99 ,e
 soldi] ( ! ,army ( ! ,potomac3         
rememb]s1 !      colors t = two ye>s    
float$ ov] ! headqu>t]s (      ,g54     
,meade4 ,la/ night :5 "o hundr$ & fifty 
m5 :o      f\ght 9 t army ga!r$ ar\nd ! 
banquet bo>d at !      ,gr& ,pacific    
hotel a fac-simile ( t flag float$ ov]  
!m4 ,x 0 a h&some guidon1 on "o side a  
field (      solf]9o r$ be>+ a life-siz$
 gold5 eagle surr\nd$      by a silv]   
wrea? ( laurel2 on ! o!r 7 ! national   

colors ) ! names ( ! corps ( ! army4    
,! fif? annual banquet ( ! ,we/]n       
,society ( ! ,army      ( ! ,potomac w  
be rememb]$ on acc\nt ( ! pres5ce      (
 _m di/+ui%$ m54 ,! cig>s _h n be5      
light$      :5 ,col4 ,rob]t ,g4 ,+]soll1
 escort$ by ,g54 ,newb]ry &      ,col4  
,burbanks1 came 94 ,! bald head & sp>se 
gray hair      ( ! fam\s orator 7       
recogniz$ by all1 & he 0      giv5 a    
mighty welcome4       ,save = ! emblems 
( ! ,union & ! fac-simile ( ,g54        
,meade's flag ! decorations 7 simple4   
,!re 7 no      fl[]s1 b ! soldi]s c\ld  
read on little signs /uck      up ar\nd 
! tables su* names z ,pet]sburg1 ,:ite  
,oak1 ,m9e ,run1 ,cold ,h>bor1 ,fair    
,oaks & ,s\?      ,m\nta94 ,! ex]cises  
began & end$ ) bugle call &      milit>y
 song1 & ! h]oes ( ! ,potomac %[$ t     
!y /ill rememb]$ ! words ( ! songs sung 
9 camp4       ,col4 ,freeman ,connor1 ! 
retir+ presid5t1 act$ z      toa/ma/]4  
,seat$ ne> him 7 ,maj4-,g54 ,nelson     
,miles1      ,unit$ ,/ates army2 ,g54   

,newb]ry1 ,col4 ,+]soll1 ,?omas ,b4     
,bryan1 ,col4 ,james ,a44 ,sexton1 ,maj4
 ,e4 ,a4 ,blodgett1 ,fr$ ,w4      ,sp9k1
 ,col4 ,willi/on & ,maj4 ,heyle4        
,! ex]cises began ) ! s++ ( ,am]ica by  
all      ,col4 ,conn] made a few rem>ks 
& !n ,col4 ,c4 ,s4 ,mc,entee            
pres5t$ ! new-com] to ! society4 ,:5    
,colonel      ,+]soll 0 introduc$1 !    
vet]ans jump$ up on *airs1      wav$ _! 
h&k]*iefs & greet$ him ) a mighty       
%\t4 ,! ,colonel spoke only fifte5      
m9utes4       ,at ! conclusion (        
,colonel ,+]soll's spee* he 0 aga9      
*e]$ = sev]al m9utes4 ,a motion 0 made  
to make him      an honor>y memb] ( !   
,we/]n ,society ( ! ,army ( !           
,potomac4 ,! toa/ma/] 9 putt+ ! "q said3
 ,all      :o are 9 favor w rise & yell1
 & e comrade      yell$4       --,*icago
 ,record1 ,febru>y #a1 #ahid4   ,,fir/ (
 all1 ,i wi% to ?ank y = all[+ me to be 
pres5t4 ,next1 ,i wi% to congratulate y 
t y are all alive4 ,i congratulate y t y
 7 born 9 ?is c5tury1 ! greate/ c5tury 9

 ! _w's hi/ory1 ! greate/ c5tury (      
intellectual g5ius & ( physical1 m5tal &
 moral progress t ! _w ev] knew4 ,i     
congratulate y all t y are memb]s ( !   
,army ( ! ,potomac4 ,i believe t no     
bett] army ev] m>*$ "u ! flag ( any     
nation4 ,!re 0 no difficulty t disc\rag$
 y2 no defeat t di%e>t5$ y4 ,= ye>s y   
bore ! heat & burd5 ( battle2 = ye>s y  
saw y\r comrades torn by %ot & %ell1 b  
wip+ ! te>s1 f y\r *eeks y m>*$ on )    
great] det]m9ation ?an ev] to fight to !
 end4  ,to ! ,army ( ! ,potomac belongs 
! et]nal honor ( hav+ obta9$ f9ally !   
sword ( ,rebellion4 ,i congratulate y   
because y f\ght = ! ,republic1 & ,i ?ank
 y = y\r c\rage4 ,= by y ! ,unit$ ,/ates
 0 kept on ! map ( ! _w1 & our flag 0   
kept float+4 ,if n = y\r "w1 nei!r w\ld 
h be5 !re4 ,y remov$ f x ! only /a9 t 0 
ev] on x4 ,y f\ght n only ! battle ( !  
,union1 b ( ! :ole _w4  ,i congratulate 
y t y live 9 a p]iod :5 ! ,nor? has     
atta9$ a high] moral altitude ?an 0 ev] 
atta9$ by any nation4 ,y n[ live 9 a    

c\ntry :i* believes 9 absolute fre$om = 
all4 ,9 ?is c\ntry any man may reap :at 
he s[s & may give 8 hone/ ?\ght to 8    
fell[-m54 ,x is wond]ful to ?9k :at ?is 
,nation 0 be=e ! ,army ( ! ,potomac came
 into exi/5ce4 ,x believ$ 9 lib]ty z !  
convict believes 9 lib]ty4 ,x 0 a c\ntry
 :]e m5 t _h hone/ ?\ghts 7 o/raciz$4 ,i
 ?ank y & y\r c\rage = :at we are4 ,no?+
 ennobles a man s mu* z fight+ = ! "r4  
,:oev] fights = ! wrong w\nds himself4  
,i believe t e man :o f\ght 9 ! ,union  
army came out a /rong] & a bett] & a    
nobl] man4  ,i believe 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,i 
am s "y & s full ( en?usiasm t ,i am a  
believ] 9 ,national gr[?4 ,i want ?is   
c\ntry to be t]ritorial & to become l>g]
 ?an x is4 ,i want a c\ntry wor?y (     
,*icago4 ,i want to pick up ! ,we/      
,indies1 take 9 ! ,b]mudas1 ! ,bahamas &
 ,b>badoes4 ,!y are our isl&s4 ,!y      
belong to ?is cont95t & x is a piece (  
impud5ce = any o!r nation to ?9k ( own+ 
!m4 ,we want to gr[4 ,su* is !          
extravagance ( my ambition t ,i ev5 want

 ! ,s&wi* ,isl&s4 ,!y say t ^! isl&s are
 too f> away f u2 t !y are two ?\s&     
miles f our %ores4 ,b !y are ne>] to our
 %ores ?an to any o!r4 ,i want !m4 ,i   
want a naval /ation !re4 ,i want ,am]ica
 to be mi/ress ( ! ,pacific4 ,!n !re is 
ano!r ?+ 9 my m9d4 ,i want to gr[ ,nor? 
& ,s\?4 ,i want ,canada--good p--good   
l&4 ,i want t c\ntry4 ,i d n want to    
/eal x1 b ,i want x4 ,i want to g ,s\? )
 ?is ,nation4 ,my idea is ?is3 ,!re is  
only air en\gh betwe5 ! ,i/hmus (       
,panama & ! ,nor? ,pole = "o flag4 ,a   
c\ntry t gu>antees lib]ty to all _c be  
too l>ge4 ,if any ( ^! p are ignorant1  
we w educate !m2 give !m ! b5efit ( our 
free s*ools4 ,ano!r ?+--,i might z well 
s[ a few se$s = next fall4 ,i h he>d _m 
reasons :y ! ,s\? fail$ 9 ! ,rebellion1 
& :y ) ! help ( ,nor!rn diss5sions & a  
,european hatr$ ! ,s\? did n succe$4 ,i 
w tell y4 ,9 my judgm5t1 ! ,s\? fail$1 n
 on acc\nt ( its army1 b f o!r          
conditions4 ,luckily = u1 ! ,s\? _h     
always be5 9 favor ( free trade4        

,secondly--,! ,s\? rais$ & sold raw     
mat]ial1 & :5 ! w> came x _h no         
f\ndries1 no factories1 & no looms to   
weave ! clo? = uni=ms2 no %ops to make  
munitions ( w>1 & x _h to get :at       
supplies x c\ld by runn+ ! blockade4 ,we
 ( ! ,nor? _h ! clo? to clo! our        
soldi]s1 %ops to make our bayonets2 we  
_h all ! curi\s :eels t inv5tion _h     
produc$1 & _h labor & g5ius1 ! p[] (    
/eam1 & ! wat] to make :at we ne$$1 & we
 did n require any?+ f any o!r c\ntry4  
,suppose ?is :ole c\ntry rais$ raw      
mat]ial & %ipp$ x out1 we w\ld be 9 !   
condition t ! ,s\? 04 ,we want ?is      
,nation to be indep5d5t ( ! :ole _w4 ,a 
nation to be ready to settle que/ions ( 
dispute by w> %\ld be 9 a condition (   
absolute indep5d5ce4 ,= t reason ,i want
 all ! :eels turn+ 9 ?is c\ntry1 all !  
*imneys full ( fire1 all ! looms runn+1 
! iron r$ hot ev]y:]e4 ,i want to see   
all me*anics hav+ pl5ty ( "w ) good     
wages & good homes = _! families1 good  
food1 s*ools = _! *ildr51 pl5ty ( clo!s1

 & en\gh to take c>e ( a *ild if x      
happ5s to take sick4 ,i am = !          
indep5d5ce ( ,am]ica1 ! gr[? ( ,am]ica  
physically1 m5tally1 & e o!r way4 ,! "t 
w come :5 all nations comb9$ _c take t  
flag out ( ! sky4 ,i want to see ?is    
c\ntry s t if a deluge sweeps e o!r     
nation f ! face ( ! globe we w\ld h all 
we want made "r "h by our factories1 by 
,am]ican bra9 & h&4  ,i ?ank y t !      
,republic /ill lives4 ,i ?ank y t we are
 all lov]s ( fre$om4 ,i ?ank y = hav+   
help$ e/abli% a ,gov]nm5t :]e e *ild has
 an opportunity1 & :]e e av5ue (        
advancem5t if op5 to all4     ,,lotos   
,,club ,,d9n] ,,9 ,,honor ,,( ,,anton   
,,seidl4  ,new ,york1 ,febru>y #b1      
#ahie4   ,,mr4 ,,presid5t1 ,mr4 ,anton  
,seidl1 & ,g5tlem53 ,i 0 enjoy+ myself )
 music & song2 :y ,i %\ld be tr\bl$1 :y 
,i %\ld be call$ ^u to tr\ble y1 is a "q
 ,i c h>dly answ]4 ,/ill1 z ! presid5t  
has rem>k$1 ! ,am]ican p l to he>       
spee*es4 ,:y1 ,i don't "k4 ,x has always
 be5 a matt] ( amazem5t t anybody want$ 

to he> me4 ,talk+ is s univ]sal2 ) few  
exceptions--! deaf & dumb--ev]ybody     
seems to be 9 ! bus9ess4 ,:y !y %\ld be 
s anxi\s to he> a rival ,i nev] c\ld    
und]/&4 ,b1 g5tlem51 we are all pupils (
 nature2 we are taught by ! c\ntless ?+s
 t t\* u on e side2 by field & fl[] & />
 & cl\d & riv] & sea1 :]e ! waves break 
into :itecaps1 & by ! prairie1 & by !   
m\nta9 t lifts its granite =ehead to !  
sun2 all ?+s 9 nature t\* u1 educate u1 
%>p5 u1 cause ! he>t to bud1 to bur/1 x 
may be1 into blossom2 to produce fruit4 
,9 common ) ! re/ ( ! _w ,i h be5       
educat$ a little t way2 by ! ?+s ,i h   
se5 & by ! ?+s ,i h he>d & by ! p ,i h  
met4 ,b !re are a few ?+s t /& out 9 my 
recollection z hav+ t\*$ me m deeply ?an
 o!rs1 a few m5 to :om ,i feel indebt$ =
 ! little ,i "k1 & = ! little ,i happ5  
to be4 ,^? m51 ^? ?+s1 are =ev] pres5t 9
 my m9d4 ,b ,i want to tell y to-night t
 ! fir/ man t let up ! curta9 9 my m9d1 
t ev] op5$ a bl9d1 t ev] all[$ a little 
sun%9e to /raggle 91 0 ,rob]t ,burns4 ,i

 w5t to get my %oes m5d$1 & ,i _h to g )
 !m4 ,& ,i _h to wait till !y 7 done4 ,i
 0 l ! fell[ /&+ by ! /ream nak$ wa%+ 8 
%irt4 ,a lady & g5tleman 7 rid+ by 9 a  
c>riage1 & ^u see+ him ! man indignantly
 %\t$1 ,:y don't y put on ano!r %irt :5 
y are wa%+ "o8 ,! fell[ said1 ,i suppose
 y ?9k ,i've got a hundr$ %irts6  ,:5 ,i
 w5t into ! %op ( ! old ,scot* %oemak]  
he 0 read+ a book1 & :5 he took my %oes 
9 h& ,i took 8 book1 :i* 0 ,rob]t       
,burns4 ,9 a few days ,i _h a copy2 &1  
inde$1 g5tlem51 f t "t if ,burns _h be5 
de/roy$ ,i c\ld h re/or$ m ?an half ( x4
 ,x 0 9 my m9d day & night4 ,burns y "k 
is a little valley1 n v wide1 b full (  
sun%9e2 a little /ream runs d[n mak+    
music ov] ! rocks1 & *ildr5 play ^u !   
banks2 n>r[ roads ov]run ) v9es1 cov]$ )
 blossoms1 happy *ildr51 ! hum ( bees1 &
 little birds p\r out _! he>ts & enri* !
 air4 ,t is ,burns4 ,!n1 y mu/ "k t ,i 0
 rais$ respectably4 ,c]ta9 books 7 n    
?\ght to be good = ! "y p]son2 only su* 
books z w\ld />t y 9 ! n>r[ road = !    

,new ,j]usalem4 ,b "o night ,i /opp$ at 
a little hotel 9 ,ill9ois1 _m ye>s ago1 
:5 we 7 n q civiliz$1 :5 ! foot/eps ( ! 
r$ man 7 /ill 9 ! prairies4 ,:ile ,i 0  
wait+ = supp] an old man 0 read+ f a    
book1 & among o!rs :o 7 li/5+ 0 myself4 
,i 0 fill$ ) wond]4 ,i _h nev] he>d     
any?+ l x4 ,i 0 a%am$ to ask him :at he 
0 read+2 ,i suppos$ t an intellig5t boy 
ought to "k4 ,s ,i wait$1 & :5 ! little 
bell rang = supp] ,i hung back & !y w5t 
out4 ,i pick$ up ! book2 x 0 ,sam       
,johnson's edition ( ,%akespe>e4 ,! next
 day ,i b\ght a copy = f\r doll>s4 ,my  
,god6 m ?an ! national debt4 ,y talk    
ab\t ! pres5t /raits ( ! ,treasury6 ,=  
days1 = nights1 = mon?s1 = ye>s1 ,i read
 ^? books1 two volumes1 & ,i comm5c$ ) !
 introduction4 ,i hav5't read t         
introduction = ne>ly fifty ye>s1 c]ta9ly
 =ty-five1 b ,i rememb] x /ill4 ,o!r    
writ]s are l a g>d5 dilig5tly plant$ &  
wat]$1 b ,%akespe>e a =e/ :]e ! oaks &  
elms toss _! bran*es to ! /orm1 :]e !   
p9e t[]s1 :]e ! v9e bur/s into blossom  

at its foot4 ,t book op5$ to me a new   
_w1 ano!r nature4 ,:ile ,burns 0 !      
valley1 "h 0 a range ( m\nta9s ) ?\s&s (
 su* valleys2 :ile ,burns 0 z sweet a />
 z ev] rose into ! horizon1 "h 0 a heav5
 fill$ ) con/ellations4 ,t book has be5 
a s\rce ( p]petual joy to me f t day to 
?is2 & :5ev] ,i read ,%akespe>e--if x   
ev] happ5s t ,i fail to f9d "s new      
beauty1 "s new pres5tation ( "s wond]ful
 tru?1 or ano!r ^w t bur/s into blossom1
 ,i %all make up my m9d t my m5tal      
faculties are fail+1 t x is n ! fault ( 
! book4 ,^?1 !n1 are two ?+s t help$ to 
educate me a little4  ,aft]w>d ,i saw a 
few pa9t+s by ,rembr&t1 & all at once ,i
 0 ov]:elm$ ) ! g5ius ( ! man t c\ld    
convey s mu* ?\ght 9 =m & color4 ,!n ,i 
saw a few l&scapes by ,corot1 & ,i began
 to ?9k ,i knew some?+ ab\t art4 ,dur+  
all my life1 ( c\rse1 l o!r p1 ,i _h    
he>d :at !y call music1 & ,i _h my      
favorite pieces1 mo/ ( ^? favorite      
pieces be+ favorites on acc\nt (        
association2 & n9e-t5?s ( ! music t is  

beautiful to ! _w is beautiful because (
 ! association1 n because ! music is    
good1 b because ( association44 ,we _c  
write a v poetic ?+ ab\t a pump or ab\t 
wat] works2 !y are n old en\gh4  ,we c  
write a poetic ?+ ab\t a well & a sweep 
& an old moss-cov]$ bucket1 & y c write 
a poem ab\t a spr+1 because a spr+ seems
 a gift ( nature1 some?+ t co/ no tr\ble
 & no "w1 some?+ t w s+ ( nature "u !   
quiet />s ( ,june4 ,s1 x is poetic on   
acc\nt ( association4 ,! /age coa* is m 
poetic ?an ! c>1 b ! "t w come :5 c>s w 
be poetic1 because human feel+s1 love's 
remembrances1 w tw9e ar\nd !m1 &        
consequ5tly !y w become beautiful4 ,!re 
are two pieces ( music1 ,! ,la/ ,rose ( 
,summ]1 & ,home ,sweet ,home1 ) ! music 
a little weak 9 ! back2 b association   
makes !m bo? beautiful4 ,s1 9 !         
,m>seillaise is ! ,fr5* ,revolution1 t  
:irlw9d & flame ( w>1 ( h]oism ! highe/ 
possible1 ( g5]osity1 ( self-d5ial1 (   
cruelty1 ( all ( :i* ! human he>t & bra9
 are capable2 s t music n[ s\nds z ?\gh 

its notes 7 made ( />s1 & x is beautiful
 mo/ly by association4  ,n[1 ,i always  
felt t !re mu/ be "s great] music       
some:]e1 someh[4 ,y "k ?is little music 
t comes back ) recurr+ emphasis e two   
in*es or e ?ree-&-a-half in*es2 ,i ?\ght
 !re ought to be music some:]e ) a great
 sweep f horizon to horizon1 & t c\ld   
fill ! great dome ( s\nd ) w+$ notes l !
 eagle2 if !re 0 n su* music1 somebody1 
sometime1 w\ld make x1 & ,i 0 wait+ = x4
 ,"o day ,i he>d x1 & ,i said1 ,:at     
music is t8 ,:o wrote t8 ,i felt x      
ev]y:]e4 ,i 0 cold4 ,i 0 almo/ hy/]ical4
 ,x answ]$ to my bra91 to my he>t2 n    
only to association1 b to all !re 0 (   
hope & aspiration1 all my future2 & !y  
said ?is is ! music ( ,wagn]4 ,i nev]   
knew "o note f ano!r--( c\rse ,i w\ld "k
 x f a promissory note--& 0 utt]ly &    
absolutely ignorant ( music until ,i    
he>d ,wagn] int]pret$ by ! greate/      
lead]1 9 my judgm5t1 9 ! _w--,anton     
,seidl4 ,he n only und]/&s ,wagn] 9 !   
bra91 b he feels him 9 ! he>t1 & !re is 

9 8 blood ! same k9d ( wild & spl5did   
indep5d5ce t 0 9 ! bra9 ( ,wagn]4 ,i    
want to say to-night1 because !re are s 
_m h]esies1 ,mr4 ,presid5t1 creep+ into 
?is _w1 ,i want to say & say x ) all my 
might1 t ,rob]t ,burns 0 n ,scot*4 ,he 0
 f> wid] ?an ,scotl&3 he _h 9 him !     
univ]sal tide1 & :]ev] x t\*es ! %ore ( 
a human be+ x f9ds access4 ,n ,scot*1   
g5tlem51 b a man1 a man6 ,i c swe> to x1
 or r affirm1 t ,%akespe>e 0 n ,engli%1 
b ano!r man1 k9dr$ ( all1 ( all races & 
peoples1 & :o und]/ood ! univ]sal bra9 &
 he>t ( ! human race1 & :o _h imag9ation
 en\gh to put himself 9 ! place ( all4  
,& s ,i want to say to-night1 because ,i
 want to be consi/5t1 ,ri*>d ,wagn] 0 n 
a ,g]man1 & 8 music is n ,g]man2 & :y8  
,g]many w\ld n h x4 ,g]many d5i$ t x 0  
music4 ,! great ,g]man critics said x 0 
no?+ 9 ! _w b noise4 ,! be/ int]pret] ( 
,wagn] 9 ! _w is n ,g]man1 & no man has 
to be ,g]man to und]/& ,ri*>d ,wagn]4 ,9
 ! he>t ( ne>ly e man is an ,a,eolian   
h>p1 & :5 ! brea? ( true g5ius t\*es t  

h>p1 e man t has "o1 or t kn[s :at music
 is or has ! dep? & height ( feel+      
necess>y to appreciate x1 appreciates   
,ri*>d ,wagn]4 ,to und]/& t music1 to   
he> x z int]pret$ by ?is great lead]1 is
 an education4 ,x develops ! bra92 x    
gives to ! imag9ation w+s2 ! little e>? 
gr[s l>g]2 ! p gr[ important2 & n only  
t1 x civilizes ! he>t2 & ! man :o       
und]/&s t music c love bett] & ) great] 
int5sity ?an he ev] did be=e4 ,! man :o 
und]/&s & appreciates t music1 becomes 9
 ! highe/ s5se spiritual--& ,i don't    
mean by spiritual1 wor%ip+ "s phantom1  
or dwell+ ^u :at is go+ to happ5 to "s (
 u--,i mean spiritual 9 ! highe/ s5se2  
:5 a p]fume arises f ! he>t 9 gratitude1
 & :5 y feel t y "k :at !re is ( beauty1
 ( sublimity1 ( h]oism & honor & love 9 
! human he>t4 ,?is is :at ,i mean by be+
 spiritual4 ,i don't mean d5y+ y\rself  
"h & liv+ on a cru/ ) ! expectation (   
et]nal joy--t is n :at ,i mean4 ,by     
spiritual ,i mean a man t has an ideal1 
a great ideal1 & :o is spl5did en\gh to 

live to t ideal2 t is :at ,i mean by    
spiritual4 ,& ! man :o has he>d ! music 
( ,wagn]1 t music ( love & dea?1 !      
greate/ music1 9 my judgm5t1 t ev] issu$
 f ! human bra91 ! man :o has he>d t &  
und]/&s x has be5 civiliz$4  ,ano!r man 
to :om ,i feel "u obligation ^: "n ,i d 
n "k--,i "k ,burns1 ,%akespe>e1 ,rembr&t
 & ,wagn]1 b !re are "s o!r fell[s ^:   
names ,i d n "k--is he :o *isel$ ! ,v5us
 de ,milo4 ,?is man help$ to civilize ! 
_w2 & !re is no?+ "u ! sun s pa!tic z ! 
p]fect4 ,:oev] creates ! p]fect has     
?\ght & labor$ & suff]$2 & no p]fect ?+ 
has ev] be5 done except ?r\gh suff]+ &  
except ?r\gh ! highe/ & holie/ ?\ght1 & 
among ?is class ( m5 is ,wagn]4 ,let me 
tell y some?+ m4 ,y "k ,i am a great    
believ]4 ,!re is no man 9 ! _w :o       
believes m 9 human nature ?an ,i d4 ,no 
man believes m 9 ! nobility & spl5dor ( 
humanity ?an ,i d2 no man feels m       
grateful ?an ,i to ! self-d5y+1 h]oic1  
spl5did s\ls :o h made ?is _w fit =     
ladies & g5tlem5 to live 94 ,b ,i       

believe t ! human m9d has rea*$ its top 
9 ?ree dep>tm5ts4 ,i don't believe !    
human race--no matt] if x lives millions
 ( ye>s m ^u ?is :eel+ _w--,i don't     
believe ! human race w ev] produce 9 !  
_w any?+ great]1 sublim]1 ?an ! m>bles (
 ! ,greeks4 ,i d n believe x4 ,i believe
 !y rea* absolutely ! p]fection ( =m & !
 expression ( =ce & passion 9 /one4 ,!  
,greeks made m>ble z s5sitive z fle% & z
 passionate z blood4 ,i don't believe t 
any human be+ ( any com+ race--no matt] 
h[ _m suns may rise & set1 or h[ _m     
religions may rise & fall1 or h[ _m     
languages be born & decay--,i don't     
believe any human be+ w ev] excel !     
dramas ( ,%akespe>e4 ,nei!r d ,i believe
 t ! "t w ev] come :5 any man ) su*     
in/rum5ts ( music z we n[ h1 & hav+ no?+
 b ! common air t we n[ brea!1 w ev]    
produce great] pictures 9 s\nd1 great]  
music1 ?an ,wagn]4 ,nev]6 ,nev]6 ,& ,i  
don't believe he w ev] h a bett]        
int]pret] ?an ,anton ,seidl4 ,seidl is a
 poet 9 s\nd1 a sculptor 9 s\nd4 ,he is 

:at y might call an or*e/ral orator1 & z
 su* he expresses ! deepe/ feel+s1 !    
highe/ aspirations & ! 9-t5se/ & true/  
love ( :i* ! bra9 & he>t ( man are      
capable4  ,n[1 ,i am glad1 ,i am        
delight$1 t ! p "h 9 ?is city & 9 v>i\s 
o!r cities ( our great c\ntry are becom+
 civiliz$ en\gh to appreciate ^!        
h>monies2 ,i am glad !y are civiliz$ at 
la/ en\gh to "k t ! home ( music is     
tone1 n tune2 t ! home ( music is 9     
h>monies :]e y braid !m l ra9b[s2 ,i am 
glad !y are great en\gh & civiliz$ en\gh
 to appreciate ! music ( ,wagn]1 !      
greate/ music 9 ?is _w4 ,wagn] su/a9s ! 
same relation to o!r compos]s t         
,%akespe>e does to o!r dramati/s1 & any 
o!r dramati/ comp>$ ) ,%akespe>e is l "o
 tree comp>$ ) an immeasurable =e/1 or r
 l "o leaf comp>$ ) a =e/2 & all ! o!r  
compos]s ( ! _w are embrac$ 9 ! music ( 
,wagn]4  ,nobody has writt5 any?+ m t5d]
 ?an he1 nobody any?+ sublim] ?an he4   
,:e!r x is ! song ( ! deep1 or ! w>ble (
 ! mat$ bird1 nobody has excell$ ,wagn]2

 he has express$ all t ! human he>t is  
capable ( appreciat+4 ,& n[1 g5tlem51   
hav+ tr\bl$ y long en\gh1 & say+ long   
live ,anton ,seidl1 ,i bid y good-night4
     ,,lotos ,,club ,,d9n] ,,9 ,,honor  
,,( ,,re> ,,admiral ,,s*ley4  ,new      
,york1 ,novemb] #bf1 #ahih4       99 ,! 
,lotos ,club did honor to ,re> ,admiral 
,w9field ,scott      ,s*ley1 &          
incid5tally1 to ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 at its 
clubh\se 9 ,fif? ,av5ue la/ night4 ,all 
day long !      squ>e1 blue p5nant1     
blazon$ ) ! two />s ( a ,re>            
,admiral1 snapp$ 9 ! w9d1 signify+ to   
all :o saw x      t ! ,lotos ,clubh\se 0
 = ! "t be+ ! flag%ip      ( ! er/:ile  
,fly+ ,squadron4       ,)9 ! home ( !   
club 7 ga!r$ m5 :o l !      gue/ ( !    
ev5+ 7 prom95t 9 ! w> ) ,spa91      ,!  
navy 0 repres5t$ by ,capt4 ,*>les ,d4   
,sigs-,dee1 ,capt4      ,a4 ,t4 ,mahan &
 ,capta9 ,goodri*4 ,f ! army !re 0      
,brig4 ,g54 ,w ,f4 ,r&olph1 & f civil   
life _m m5      prom95t 9 ! bus9ess1    
pr(essional & social life (      ! city4

 ,! "o impulse t l$ ^! m5 to brave !    
/orm 0 _! desire to pay _! respects to  
"o ( !      m5 :o _h done s mu* to w9   
laurels = ! ,am]ican      arms4       ,!
 p>lors & d9+ rooms ( ! clubh\se wore   
?r[n      into "o 9 ord] to accommodate 
! ?ree hundr$ m5      pres5t fit ! d9n]4
 ,smilax cov]$ ! walls1 save h]o      & 
!re :]e ! ,am]ican flag 0 drap$ 9       
graceful      folds4 ,f ! ar*way "u :i* 
! table ( honor 0      spread1 hung a   
l>ge ,national ensign & a ,re>          
,admiral's      p5nant4       ,! m5u 0  
unique4 ,et*$ on a cream-t9t$ pap]      
appe>$      an op5 nook1 & on ! tops ( !
 pages 0 inscrib$1      ,logge ( !      
,goode ,%ip ,lotos4 ,d9n] to ,re>       
,admiral      ,w9field ,scott ,s*ley1   
giv5 9 ! cab9 ( ye ,%ippe1 ,nov4        
#bf1 l#hih1 ,lat4 #dj degrees #db m9utes
 #dc seconds nor?2      longitude1 #gd  
degrees #c seconds we/4       ,on ea*   
side ( ! m5u 0 /ret*$ a /r+ ( signal    
flags1 giv+ ! ord]s made fam\s by       
,admiral ,s*ley 9      ! naval engagem5t

 ( ,july #c1 #ahih4 ,on ! second page ( 
! m5u 0 a f9e et*+ ( ! ,brooklyn1       
,admiral      ,s*ley's flag%ip4 ,!      
s\v5ir m5u 0 inclos$ 9 blue      pap]1  
^u :i* 7 two :ite />s1 ! :ole           
repres5t+ ,re> ,admiral ,s*ley's p5nant4
   ,,mr4,,presid5t1 ,g5tlem5 ( !        
,club--,boys3 ,i congratulate all ( y & 
,i congratulate myself1 & ,i w tell y   
:y4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 we 7 well born1 &  
we 7 all born ri*1 all ( u4 ,we belong  
to a great race4 ,t is some?+2 t is hav+
 a />t1 to feel t 9 y\r ve9s fl[s h]oic 
blood1 blood t has accompli%$ great ?+s 
& has plant$ ! flag ( victory on ! field
 ( w>4 ,x is a great ?+ to belong to a  
great race4  ,i congratulate y & myself 
on ano!r ?+2 we 7 born 9 a great nation1
 & y c't be mu* ( a man )\t hav+ a      
nation beh9d y1 ) y2 ,j ?9k ab\t x6 ,:at
 w\ld ,%akespe>e h be51 if he _h be5    
born 9 ,labrador8 ,i us$ to "k an old   
lawy] 9 s\!rn ,ill9ois1 a sm>t old *ap1 
:o m\rn$ 8 un=tunate surr\nd+s4 ,he liv$
 9 ,p9kneyville1 & occasionally drank a 

little too freely ( ,ill9ois w9e2 & :5 9
 8 cups he sometimes grew philosophic & 
egoti/ic4 ,he said "o day1 ,boys1 ,i h  
got m bra9s ?an y h1 ,i h1 b ,i h nev]  
_h a *ance4 ,i want y j to ?9k ( x4 ,:at
 w\ld ,daniel ,web/] h be51 by ,god1 if 
he _h settl$ 9 ,p9kneyville8  ,s ,i     
congratulate y all t y 7 born 9 a great 
nation1 born ri*2 & :y d ,i say ri*8    
,because y fell heir to a great1        
expressive1 flexible language2 t is "o  
?+4 ,:at c\ld a man d :o speaks a poor  
language1 a language ( a few words t y  
c\ld almo/ c\nt on y\r f+]s8 ,:at c\ld  
he d8 ,y 7 born heirs to a great        
lit]ature1 ! greate/ 9 ! _w--9 all ! _w4
 ,all ! lit]ature ( ,greece & ,rome w\ld
 n make "o act ( ,hamlet4 ,all !        
lit]ature ( ! anci5t _w add$ to all ( ! 
mod]n _w1 except ,engl&1 w\ld n equal ! 
lit]ature t we h4 ,we 7 born to x1 heirs
 to t va/ intellectual possession4  ,s  
,i say y 7 all born ri*1 all4 ,& !n y 7 
v =tunate 9 be+ born 9 ?is c\ntry1 :]e p
 h "s rights1 n z _m z !y %\ld h1 n z _m

 z !y w\ld h if x 7 n = ! prea*]s1 may  
be1 b :]e we h "s2 & no man yet 0 ev]   
great unless a great drama 0 be+ play$  
on "s great /age & he got a "p4 ,nature 
deals y a h&1 & all %e asks is = y to h 
! s5se to play x4 ,if no h& is dealt to 
y1 y w9 no money4 ,y mu/ h !            
opportunity1 mu/ be on ! /age1 & "s     
great drama mu/ be !re4 ,take x 9 our   
own c\ntry4 ,! ,revolution>y w> 0 a     
drama1 & a few great actors appe>$2 !   
,w> ( #ahab 0 ano!r1 & a few appe>$2 !  
,civil w> ano!r4 ,:]e w\ld h be5 ! h]oes
 ^: br[s we h cr[n$ ) laurel _h !re be5 
no ,civil w>8 ,:at w\ld h become (      
,l9coln1 a lawy] 9 a c\ntry t[n8 ,:at   
w\ld h become ( ,grant8 ,he w\ld h be5  
cov]$ ) ! mantle ( absolute obscurity1  
tuck$ 9 at all ! edges1 8 "n nev] he>d (
 by any human be+ n relat$ to him4  ,n[1
 y h got to h ! *ance1 & y _c create x4 
,i he>d a g5tleman say "h a few m9utes  
ago t ?is w> c\ld h be5 av]t$4 ,t is n  
true4 ,i am n d\bt+ 8 v]acity1 b r 8    
philosophy4 ,no?+ ev] happ5$ b5ea? !    

dome ( heav5 t c\ld h be5 avoid$4       
,ev]y?+ t is possible happ5s4 ,t may n  
suit all ! cre$s1 b x is true4 ,& ev]y?+
 t is possible w cont9ue to happ54 ,! w>
 c\ld n h be5 av]t$1 & ! ?+ t makes me  
glad & pr\d is t x 0 n av]t$4 ,i w tell 
y :y4  ,x 0 ! fir/ w> 9 ! hi/ory ( ?is  
_w t 0 wag$ unselfi%ly = ! good ( o!rs2 
! fir/ w>4 ,almo/ anybody w fight =     
himself2 a great _m p w fight = _!      
c\ntry1 _! fell[-m51 _! fell[-citiz5s2 b
 x requires some?+ besides c\rage to    
fight = ! rights ( ali5s2 x requires n  
only c\rage1 b pr9ciple & ! highe/      
morality4 ,?is w> 0 wag$ to compel ,spa9
 to take h] bloody h&s f ! ?roat (      
,cuba4 ,t is exactly :at x 0 wag$ =4    
,ano!r great drama 0 put ^u ! bo>ds1    
ano!r play 0 adv]tis$1 & ! actors _h _! 
opportunity4 ,_h !re be5 no su* w>1 _m (
 ! actors w\ld nev] h be5 he>d (4  ,b ! 
?+ is to take advantage ( ! occasion :5 
x arrives4 ,9 ?is w> we add$ to !       
greatness & ! glory ( our hi/ory4 ,t is 
ano!r ?+ t we all fell heirs to--!      

hi/ory ( our p1 ! hi/ory ( our ,nation4 
,we fell heirs to all ! great & gr& ?+s 
t _h be5 accompli%$1 to all ! great     
de$s1 to ! spl5did a*ievem5ts ei!r 9 !  
realm ( m9d or on ! field ( battle4  ,!n
 !re 0 ano!r great drama4 ,! fir/ ?+ we 
knew1 a man 9 ! f> ,pacific1 a g5tleman 
f ,v]mont1 sail$ "o ,may morn+ into !   
bay ( ,manila1 & ! next news 0 t !      
,spani% fleet _h be5 bea*$1 burn$1      
de/roy$1 & no?+ _h happ5$ to him4 ,i h  
read a little hi/ory1 n mu*1 & a good   
deal t ,i h read 0 n true4 ,i h read    
some?+ ab\t our own navy1 n mu*4 ,i     
recollect :5 ,i 0 a boy my h]o 0 ,john  
,paul ,jones2 he cov]$ ! ocean2 &       
aft]w>d ,i knew ( ,hull & ,p]ry &       
,decatur & ,ba9bridge & a good _m o!rs t
 ,i don't rememb] n[4 ,& !n came !      
,civil w>1 & ,i rememb] a little ab\t   
,f>ragut1 a great ,admiral1 z great z   
ev] trod a deck1 9 my judgm5t4 ,& ,i h  
also read ab\t o!r admirals & sailors ( 
! _w4 ,i knew some?+ ( ,drake & ,i h    
read ! ,life ( ,nelson & sev]al o!r sea 

dogs2 b :5 ,i got ! news f ,manila ,i   
said1 ,!re is ! mo/ wond]ful victory ev]
 won ^u ! sea2 & ,i did n ?9k x w\ld ev]
 be p>allel$4 ,i ?\ght su* ?+s come "o 9
 a box4 ,b a little :ile aft]w>d ano!r (
 ,spa9's fleets 0 he>d f4 ,oh1 ^?       
,spani>ds6 ,!y h got ! c\rage ( passion1
 b t is n ! highe/ c\rage4 ,!y h got    
pl5ty ( t2 b x is necess>y to be coolly 
c\rage\s1 & to h ! bra9 work+ ) !       
accuracy ( an eng9e--c\rage\s1 ,i don't 
c>e h[ mad y get1 b !re mu/ n be a cl\d 
9 ! heav5 ( y\r judgm5t4 ,t is          
,anglo-,saxon c\rage1 & !re is no high] 
type4 ,! ,spani>ds spr9kl$ ! holy wat]  
on _! guns1 !n bang$ away & left x to ! 
,holy ,gho/ to direct ! re/4  ,ano!r    
fleet1 at ,santiago1 v5tur$ out "o day1 
& ano!r great victory 0 won by !        
,am]ican ,navy4 ,i don't "k :i* victory 
0 ! m wond]ful1 t at ,manila ,bay or t  
at ,santiago4 ,! ,spani% %ips 71 "s (   
!m1 ( ! be/ class & type1 & _h f9e guns1
 yet 9 a few mom5ts !y 7 wrecks on !    
%ore ( defeat1 gone1 lo/4  ,n[1 :5 ,i   

us$ to read ab\t ^! ?+s 9 ! old5 times1 
:at ideas ,i _h ( ! h]o6 ,i nev] expect$
 to see "o2 & yet to-night ,i h !       
happ9ess ( d9+ ) "o1 ) "o ^: "n is      
associat$ ) z great a victory1 9 my     
judgm5t1 z 0 ev] won2 a victory t       
requir$ c\rage1 intellig5ce1 t p[] ( w t
 holds itself firm until ! ?+ s\ght has 
be5 accompli%$2 & t has my greate/      
admiration4 ,i ?ank ,admiral ,s*ley =   
hav+ enri*$ my c\ntry1 = hav+ add$ a    
little to my own height1 to my own      
pride1 s t ,i utt] ! ^w ,am]ica ) a     
little m unction ?an ,i ev] did be=e1 & 
! old flag looks a little bright]1      
bett]1 & has an add$ glory4 ,:5 ,i see x
 n[1 x looks z if ! air _h bur/ into    
blossom1 & x /&s = all t he has         
accompli%$4  ,admiral ,s*ley has add$ n 
only to our weal?1 b to ! weal? ( !     
*ildr5 yet unborn t are go+ to come into
 ! great h]itage n only ( weal?1 b ( !  
highe/ possible ri*es1 glory1 honor1    
a*ievem5t4 ,t is ! reason ,i            
congratulate y to-night4 ,& ,i          

congratulate y on ano!r ?+1 t ?is c\ntry
 has ent]$ ^u ! great highway1 ,i       
believe1 ( progress4 ,i believe t !     
great nation has ! s5tim5t1 ! feel+ (   
gr[?4 ,! successful f>m] wants to buy ! 
l& adjo9+ him2 ! great nation loves to  
see its t]ritory increase4 ,& :at has   
be5 our hi/ory8 ,:y1 :5 we b\ght        
,l\isiana f ,napoleon1 9 #ahjc1 ?\s&s ( 
p 7 oppos$ to imp]ialism1 to expansion2 
! poor old moss-backs 7 oppos$ to x4 ,:5
 we b\ght ,florida1 x 0 ! same4 ,:5 we  
took ! va/ ,we/ f ,mexico 9 #ahdh x 0 ! 
same4 ,:5 we took ,alaska x 0 ! same4   
,n[1 is anybody 9 favor ( modify+ t     
s5tim5t8  ,we h annex$ ,hawaii1 & we h  
got ! bigge/ volcano 9 ! bus9ess4 ,a man
 ,i "k visit$ t volcano "s ye>s ago &   
came back & told me ab\t 8 visit4 ,he   
said t at ! little hotel !y _h a        
gue/-book 9 :i* ! p wrote _! feel+s on  
see+ ! volcano 9 action4 ,n[1 he said1  
,i w tell y ?is s t y may "k h[ y are   
spread+ out y\rself4 ,"o man _h writt5 9
 t book1 'if ,bob ,+]soll 7 "h1 ,i ?9k  

he w\ld *ange 8 m9d ab\t hell4'  ,i want
 t volcano4 ,i want ! ,philipp9es4 ,x   
w\ld be simply infam\s to h& ^? p back  
to ! brutality ( ,spa94 ,spa9 has be5   
,*ri/ianiz+ !m = ab\t f\r hundr$ ye>s4  
,! fir/ ?+ ! poor devils did 0 to sign a
 petition ask+ = ! expulsion ( ! prie/s4
 ,t 0 _! idea ( ! comm5cem5t ( lib]ty4  
,!y are n q s savage z "s p imag9e4 ,i  
want ^? isl&s2 ,i want all ( !m1 & ,i   
don't "k t ,i disagree ) ! ,rev4 ,mr4   
,slic] z to ! use we c put !m to4 ,i    
don't "k t !y w be ( any use1 b ,i want 
!m2 !y might come h&y4 ,& ,i want$ to   
pick up ! small *ange1 ! ,ladrones & !  
,c>ol9es4 ,i am glad we h got ,porto    
,rico4 ,i don't "k z x w be ( any use1 b
 !re's no h>m 9 hav+ ! title4 ,i want   
,cuba :5ev] ,cuba wants u1 & ,i favor ! 
idea ( gett+ h] 9 ! notion ( want+ u4 ,i
 want x 9 ! int]e/1 z ,i believe1 (     
humanity1 ( progress2 9 o!r words1 (    
human lib]ty4 ,t is :at ! w> 0 wag$ =1 &
 ! fact t x 0 wag$ = t1 gives an        
additional glory to ^! naval (fic]s & to

 ! (fic]s 9 ! army4 ,!y f\ght 9 ! fir/  
righte\s w>2 ,i mean righte\s 9 ! s5se t
 we f\ght = ! lib]ty ( o!rs4  ,n[1      
g5tlem51 ,i feel t we h all honor$      
ourselves to-night by honor+ ,re>       
,admiral ,s*ley4 ,i want y to "k t long 
aft] we are dead & long aft] ! ,admiral 
has ceas$ to sail1 he w be rememb]$1 & 9
 ! con/ellation ( glory "o ( ! brighte/ 
/>s w /& = ! "n ( ,w9field ,scott       
,s*ley1 z brave an (fic] z ev] sail$ a  
%ip4 ,i am glad ,i am "h to-night1 &    
aga91 g5tlem51 ,i congratulate y all ^u 
be+ "h4 ,i congratulate y t y belong to 
?is race1 to ?is nation1 & t y are equal
 heirs 9 ! glory ( ! great ,republic4   
,,address ,,to ,,! ,,actors' ,,fund ,,( 
,,am]ica4  ,new ,york1 ,june #e1 #ahhh4 
,,mr4 ,,presid5t1 ,ladies & ,g5tlem53 ,i
 h address$1 or annoy$1 a great _m      
audi5ces 9 my life & ,i h n ! slighte/  
d\bt t ,i /& n[ be=e m ability1 a great]
 v>iety ( tal5t1 & m real g5ius ?an ,i  
ev] address$ 9 my life4  ,i "k all ab\t 
respectable /upidity1 & ,i am p]fectly  

acqua9t$ ) ! bra9less weal? & success ( 
?is life1 & ,i "k1 aft] all1 h[ poor !  
_w w\ld be )\t t div9e ?+ t we call     
g5ius--:at a wor?less habitation1 if y  
take f x all t g5ius has giv54  ,i "k   
also t all joy spr+s f a love ( nature4 
,i "k t all joy is :at ,i call ,pagan4  
,! natural man takes delight 9 ev]y?+ t 
gr[s1 9 ev]y?+ t %9es1 9 ev]y?+ t       
enjoys--he has an imm5se sympa?y ) !    
:ole human race4  ,( t feel+1 ( t _s1 ! 
drama is born4 ,p mu/ fir/ be 9 love )  
life be=e !y c ?9k x wor? repres5t+4 ,!y
 mu/ h sympa?y ) _! fell[s be=e !y c    
ent] into _! feel+s & "k :at _! he>t    
?robs ab\t4 ,s1 ,i say1 back ( ! drama  
is ?is love ( life1 ?is love ( nature4  
,& :5ev] a c\ntry becomes prosp]\s--&   
?is has be5 po9t$ cut _m times--:5 a    
wave ( weal? runs ov] a l&1--beh9d x y w
 see all ! sons & daught]s ( g5ius4 ,:5 
a man becomes ( "s acc\nt he is wor?    
pa9t+4 ,:5 by success & prosp]ity he    
gets ! pose ( a victor1 ! sculptor is   
inspir$2 & :5 love is really 9 8 he>t1  

words bur/ into blossom & ! poet is     
born4 ,:5 great virtues appe>1 :5       
magnific5t ?+s are done by h]o9es &     
h]oes1 !n ! /age is built1 & ! life ( a 
nation is compress$ into a few h\rs1    
or--to use ! language ( ! greate/--turn+
 ! accompli%m5t ( _m ye>s into an       
h\r-glass2 ! /age is born1 & we love x  
because we love life--& he :o loves !   
/age has a k9d ( d\ble life4  ,! drama  
is a cry/allization ( hi/ory1 an epitome
 ( ! human he>t4 ,! pa/ is liv$ aga9 &  
aga91 & we see ^u ! /age1 love1         
sacrifice1 fidelity1 c\rage--all !      
virtues m+l$ ) all ! follies4  ,& :at is
 ! great ?+ t ! /age does8 ,x cultivates
 ! imag9ation4 ,& let me say n[1 t !    
imag9ation con/itutes ! great diff]5ce  
betwe5 human be+s4  ,! imag9ation is !  
"m ( pity1 ! "m ( g5]osity1 ! "m ( e    
possible virtue4 ,x is by ! imag9ation t
 y are enabl$ to put y\rself 9 ! place (
 ano!r4 ,e doll> t has be5 paid into y\r
 treasury came f an imag9ation vivid    
en\gh to imag9e himself or h]self ly+ ^u

 ! lonely b$ ( pa91 or z hav+ fall5 by !
 wayside ( life1 dy+ alone4 ,x is ?is   
imag9ation t makes ! diff]5ce 9 m54  ,d 
y believe t a man w\ld plunge ! dagg]   
into ! he>t ( ano!r if he _h imag9ation 
en\gh to see him dead--imag9ation en\gh 
to see 8 wid[ ?r[ h] arms ab\t ! corpse 
& cov] 8 face ) sacr$ te>s--imag9ation  
en\gh to see !m digg+ 8 grave1 & to see 
! fun]al & to he> ! clods fall ^u ! c(f9
 & ! sobs ( ^? :o /ood ab\t--d y believe
 he w\ld commit ! crime8 ,w\ld any man  
be false :o _h imag9ation en\gh to see !
 woman t he once lov$1 9 ! d>kness (    
night1 :5 ! black cl\ds 7 float+ ?r\gh !
 sky hurri$ by ! bla/ z ?\ghts &        
memories 7 hurry+ ?r\gh h] poor bra9--if
 he c\ld see ! :ite flutt] ( h] g>m5t z 
%e leap$ to ! et]nal1 bless$ sleep (    
dea?--d y believe t he w\ld be false to 
h]8 ,i tell y t he w\ld be true4  ,s t1 
9 my judgm5t1 ! great mission ( ! /age  
is to cultivate ! human imag9ation4 ,t  
is ! reason fiction has done s mu* good4
 ,comp>$ ) ! /upid lies-call$ hi/ory1 h[

 beautiful are ! imag9$ ?+s ) pa9t$ w+s4
 ,ev]ybody dete/s a ?+ t pret5ds to be  
true & is n2 b :5 x says1 ,i am ab\t to 
create1 !n x is beautiful 9 ! proportion
 t x is arti/ic1 9 ! proportion t x is a
 success4  ,imag9ation is ! "m (        
en?usiasm4 ,imag9ation fans ! little    
sp>k into a flame great en\gh to w>m !  
human race2 & en?usiasm is to ! m9d :at 
spr+ is to ! _w4 4  ,n[ ,i am go+ to say
 a few words because ,i want to1 &      
because ,i h ! *ance4  ,:at is kn[n z   
or?odox religion has always be5 ! enemy 
( ! !atre4 ,x has be5 ! enemy ( e       
possible com=t1 ( e rational joy--t is  
to say1 ( amusem5t4 ,& !re is a reason =
 ?is4 ,because1 if t religion be true1  
!re %\ld be no amusem5t4 ,if y believe t
 9 e mom5t is ! p]il ( et]nal pa9--d n  
amuse y\rself4 ,/op ! or*e/ra1 r+ d[n ! 
curta91 & be z mis]able z y c4 ,t idea  
puts an inf9ite responsibility ^u !     
s\l--an inf9ite responsibility--& h[ c  
!re be any art1 h[ c !re be any joy1    
aft] t8 ,y might z well pile all ! ,alps

 on "o un=tunate ant1 & !n say1 ,:y     
don't y play8 ,enjoy y\rself4  ,if t    
doctr9e be true1 e "o %\ld reg>d "t z a 
k9d ( dock1 a pi] runn+ out into ! ocean
 ( et]nity1 on :i* y sit on y\r trunk & 
wait = ! %ip ( dea?--solemn1 lugubri\s1 
melan*oly to ! la/ degree4  ,& t is :y  
,i h said joy is ,pagan4 ,x comes f a   
love ( nature1 f a love ( ?is _w1 f a   
love ( ?is life4 ,accord+ to ! idea ( "s
 good p1 life is a k9d ( gre5-room1 :]e 
y are gett+ ready = a play 9 "s o!r     
c\ntry4  ,y all rememb] ! /ory ( ,great 
,expectations1 & ,i presume y h all _h  
!m4 ,t is ano!r ?+ ab\t ?is pr(ession ( 
act+ t ,i l--y d n "k h[ x is com+      
out--& !re is ?is delightful unc]ta9ty4 
,y h all read ! book call$ ,great       
,expectations1 writt51 9 my judgm5t1 by 
! greate/ noveli/ t ev] wrote ! ,engli% 
language--! man :o creat$ a va/ realm ( 
joy4 ,i love ! joy-mak]s--n ! solemn1   
m\rnful wret*es4 ,& :5 ,i ?9k ( ! *ur*  
ask+ some?+ ( ! !atre1 ,i rememb] t /ory
 ( ,great ,expectations4 ,y rememb]     

,miss ,hav]%am--%e 0 to h be5 m>ri$ "s  
fifty or sixty ye>s be=e t "t--sitt+ !re
 9 ! d>kness1 9 all ( h] w$d+ f9]y1 !   
laces hav+ turn$ yell[ by "t1 ! old w$d+
 cake crumbl$1 v>i\s insects hav+ made x
 _! palatial resid5ce--y rememb] t %e   
s5t = t poor little boy ,pip1 & :5 he   
got !re 9 ! mid/ ( all ^! horrors1 %e   
look$ at him & said1 ,pip1 play6 ,& if  
_! doctr9e be true1 e actor is 9 t      
situation4  ,i h always lov$ !          
!atre--lov$ ! /age1 simply because x has
 add$ to ! happ9ess ( ?is life4 ,oh1 b1 
!y say1 is x moral8 ,a sup]/iti\s man   
suspects ev]y?+ t is pleasant4 ,x seems 
inbr$ 9 8 nature1 & 9 ! nature ( mo/ p4 
,y let su* a man pull up a little we$ & 
ta/e x1 & if x is sweet & good1 he says1
 ,i'll bet x is poison4 ,b if x ta/es   
awful1 s t 8 face becomes a mask (      
disgu/1 he says1 ,i'll bet y t x is good
 m$ic9e4  ,n[1 ,i believe t ev]y?+ 9 !  
_w t t5ds to make man happy1 is moral4  
,t is my def9ition ( morality4 ,any?+ t 
bur/s into bud & blossom1 & be>s ! fruit

 ( joy1 is moral4  ,"s p expect to make 
! _w good by de/roy+ desire--by a k9d ( 
pi\s petrifaction1 feel+ t if y d n want
 any?+1 y w n want any?+ bad4 ,9 o!r    
words1 y w be good & moral if y w only  
/op gr[+1 /op wi%+1 turn all y\r en]gies
 9 ! direction ( repression1 & if f !   
tree ( life y pull e leaf1 & !n e bud--&
 if an apple happ5s to get ripe 9 spite 
( y1 don't t\* x--snakes6  ,i insi/ t   
happ9ess is ! end--virtue ! means--&    
any?+ t wipes a te> f ! face ( man is   
good4 ,ev]y?+ t gives laught] to !      
_w--laught] spr++ f good nature1 t is ! 
mo/ wond]ful music t has ev] enri*$ !   
e>s ( man4 ,& let me say t no?+ c be m  
immoral ?an to wa/e y\r own life1 & s\r 
t ( o!rs4  ,is ! !atre moral8 ,i suppose
 y h _h an election to-day4 ,!y _h an   
election at ! ,metropolitan ,op]a ,h\se 
= bi%ops1 & !y vot$ =g$ tickets2 & aft] 
! election 0 ov]1 ,i suppose !y ask$ !  
old "q 9 ! same solemn tone3 ,is ! !atre
 moral8  ,at la/1 all ! intellig5ce ( ! 
_w admits t ! !atre is a great1 a       

spl5did in/rum5tality = increas+ !      
well-be+ ( man4 ,b only a few ye>s ago  
our fa!rs 7 poor b>b>ians4 ,!y only     
want$ ! ess5tials ( life1 & ?r\gh ne>ly 
all ! c5turies ,g5ius 0 a vagabond--,art
 0 a s]vant4 ,he 0 ! companion ( ! cl[n4
 ,writ]s1 poets1 actors1 ei!r sat bel[ !
 salt or dev\r$ ! rema9d] biscuit1 &    
drank :at drunk5ness happ5$ to leave1 or
 liv$ on crumbs1 & !y _h less ?an !     
crumbs ( respect4 ,! pa9t] _h to h a    
patron1 & !n 9 ord] to pay ! patron1 he 
took ! patron's wife = ,v5us--& ! man1  
he 0 ! ,apollo6 ,s ! writ] _h to h a    
patron1 & he endeavor$ to immortalize   
him 9 a preface ( obsequi\s lies4 ,!    
writ] _h no c\rage4 ,! pa9t]1 !         
sculptor--poor wret*es--_h patrons4 ,"s 
( ! greate/ ( ! _w 7 treat$ z s]vants1 &
 yet !y 7 ! real k+s ( ! human race4    
,n[ ! public is ! patron4 ,! public has 
! intellig5ce to see :at x wants4 ,!    
/age does n h to flatt] any man4 ,!     
actor n[ does n enroll himself z !      
s]vant ( duke or "l4 ,he has ! great    

public1 & if he is a great actor1 he /&s
 z high 9 ! public e/imation z any o!r  
man 9 any o!r walk ( life4  ,& ^! m5 (  
g5ius1 ^! vagabonds1 ^! /urdy vagrants (
 ! old law--& let me say "o ?+ "r "h3 ,i
 d n believe t !re ev] 0 a man ( g5ius t
 _h n a little t\* ( ! vagabond 9 him   
some:]e--j a little t\* ( *aos--t is to 
say1 he mu/ h g5]osity en\gh n[ & !n    
absolutely to =get himself--he mu/ be   
g5]\s to t degree t he />ts out )\t ?9k+
 ( ! %ore & )\t c>+ = ! sea--& t is t   
t\* ( *aos4 ,& yet1 ?r\gh all ^? ye>s ! 
poets & ! actors lack$ bread4 ,imag9e ! 
numb] ( respectable dolts :o felt above 
!m4 ,! m5 ( g5ius liv$ on ! b\nty ( !   
few1 grudg+ly giv54  ,n[1 j ?9k :at w\ld
 happ51 :at we w\ld be1 if y c\ld blot f
 ?is _w :at ^! m5 h done4 ,if y c\ld    
take f ! walls ! pictures2 f ! ni*es !  
/atues2 f ! memory ( man ! songs t h be5
 sung by ,! ,pl[man--take f ! memory ( !
 _w :at has be5 done by ! actors &      
play-writ]s1 & ?is great globe w\ld be l
 a va/ skull empti$ ( all ?\ght4  ,& let

 me say "o ^w m1 & t is z to ! dignity (
 y\r pr(ession4  ,! greate/ g5ius ( ?is 
_w has produc$ y\r lit]ature4 ,i am n n[
 allud+ simply to "o--b !re has be5 m   
g5ius lavi%$ ^u ! /age--m real g5ius1 m 
creative tal5t1 ?an ^u any o!r dep>tm5t 
( human ef=t4 ,& :5 m5 & wom5 belong to 
a pr(ession t c c\nt ,%akespe>e 9 its   
numb]1 !y %\ld feel no?+ b pride4  ,no?+
 gives me m pleasure ?an to speak (     
,%akespe>e--,%akespe>e1 9 ^: bra9 7 !   
fruits ( all ?\ghts pa/1 ! se$s ( all to
 be--,%akespe>e1 an intellectual ocean  
t[>d :i* all riv]s ran1 & f :i* n[ !    
isles & cont95ts ( ?\ght receive _! dew 
& ra94  ,a pr(ession t c boa/ t         
,%akespe>e 0 "o ( its memb]s1 & t f 8   
bra9 p\r$ out t mighty intellectual     
cat>act--t ,mississippi t w enri* all   
com+ g5]ations--! man t belongs to t    
pr(ession--%\ld feel t no o!r man by    
reason ( belong+ to "s o!r1 c be 8      
sup]ior4  ,& su* a man1 :5 he dies--or !
 fri5d ( su* a man1 :5 t man dies--%\ld 
n imag9e t x is a v g5]\s & lib]al ?+ = 

"s m9i/] to say a few words above !     
corpse--& ,i d n want to see ?is        
pr(ession cr+e be=e any o!r4  ,"o ^w m4 
,i hope t y w su/a9 ?is spl5did *>ity4  
,i d n believe t m g5]\s p exi/ ?an     
actors4 ,i hope y w su/a9 ?is *>ity4 ,& 
yet1 !re 0 "o little ?+ ,i saw 9 y\r    
report ( la/ ye>1 t ,i want to call     
att5tion to4 ,y _h b5efits all ov] ?is  
c\ntry1 & ( ! am\nt rais$1 "o hundr$ &  
tw5ty-five ?\s& doll>s 7 giv5 to        
religi\s societies & twelve ?\s& doll>s 
to ! ,actors' ,fund--& yet !y say actors
 are n ,*ri/ians6 ,d y n love y\r       
enemies8 ,aft] ?is1 ,i hope t y w also  
love y\r fri5ds4     ,,! ,,*ildr5 ,,(   
,,! ,,/age4  ,new ,york1 ,m>* #bc1      
#ahii4       99 ,col4 ,rob]t ,g4 ,+]soll
 0 ! special /> among />s      at !     
b5efit giv5 ye/]day aft]noon at ! ,fif? 
,av5ue      ,!atre = ! ,actors' ,fund4  
,!re 7 a great _m o!r      />s & a v    
long programme4 ,! consequ5ce 0 t      !
 p]=mance began be=e "o o'clock & 0 n   
ov]      until almo/ d9n] "t4           

,usually 9 su* cases ! lea/ important   
p]=m]s are      plac$ at ! beg9n+ & !   
audi5ce /raggles 9      leisurely )\t   
worry+ a great deal ov] :at x has       
miss$4 ,ye/]day1 h[ev]1 x _h be5 ann\nc$
 9 advance      t ,col4 ,+]soll w\ld />t
 ! ball a-roll+ & !      result 0 t be=e
 ! ov]ture 0 f9i%$ ! h\se      0 pack$  
to ! doors4       ,col4 ,+]soll's       
contribution 0 a %ort address deliv]$   
9 8 *>act]i/ic /yle ( florid            
eloqu5ce4--,! ,_w1      ,new ,york1 ,m>*
 #bd1 #ahii4   ,disguise x z we may1 we 
live 9 a frightful _w1 ) evils1 )       
enemies1 on e side4 ,f ! h$ges along !  
pa? ( life1 leap ! b&its t murd] &      
de/roy2 & e human be+1 no matt] h[ (t5  
he escapes1 at la/ w fall b5ea? !       
assass9's knife4  ,to *ange ! figure3   
,we are all pass5g]s on ! tra9 ( life4  
,! tickets give ! names ( ! /ations :]e 
we bo>d$ ! c>1 b ! de/9ation is unkn[n4 
,at e /ation "s pass5g]s1 pallid1       
brea?less1 dead1 are put away1 & "s ) ! 
light ( morn+ 9 _! eyes1 get on4  ,to   

*ange ! figure aga93 ,on ! wide sea (   
life we are all on %ips or rafts or     
sp>s1 & "s by fri5dly w9ds are borne to 
! =tunate isles1 & "s by /orms are      
wreck$ on ! cruel rocks4 ,& yet ^u !    
isles ! same z ^u ! rocks1 dea? waits = 
all4 ,& dea? alone c truly say1 ,all ?+s
 come to him :o waits4  ,& yet1 /rangely
 en\gh1 !re is 9 ?is _w ( mis]y1 (      
mis=tune & ( dea?1 ! bless$ _s ( mir?4  
,! travel]s on ! pa?1 on ! tra91 on !   
%ips1 ! rafts & sp>s1 sometimes =get _! 
p]ils & _! doom4  ,all bless+s on ! man 
^: face 0 fir/ illum9at$ by a smile6    
,all bless+s on ! man :o fir/ gave to ! 
common air ! music ( laught]--! music t 
= ! mom5t drove fe>s f ! he>t1 te>s f ! 
eyes1 & dimpl$ *eeks ) joy6  ,all       
bless+s on ! man :o s[$ ) m]ry h&s !    
se$s ( humor1 & at ! lipless skull (    
dea? snapp$ ! reckless f+]s ( disda96   
,laught] is ! bless$ b\nd>y l9e betwe5 !
 brute & man4  ,:o are ! fri5ds ( !     
human race8 ,!y :o hide ) v9e & fl[] !  
cruel rocks ( fate--! *ildr5 ( g5ius1 ! 

sons & daught]s ( mir? & laught]1 (     
imag9ation1 ^? ^: ?\ghts1 l mo?s ) pa9t$
 w+s1 fill ! heav5 ( ! m9d4  ,among ^!  
sons & daught]s are ! *ildr5 ( ! /age1 !
 citiz5s ( ! mimic _w--! _w enri*$ by   
all ! weal? ( g5ius--enri*$ by pa9t]1   
orator1 compos] & poet4 ,! _w ( :i*     
,%akespe>e1 ! greate/ ( human be+s1 is  
/ill ! un*all5g$ emp]or4 ,^! *ildr5 ( ! 
/age h delight$ ! we>y travel]s on !    
?orny pa?1 amus$ ! pass5g]s on ! fat$   
tra91 & fill$ ) joy ! he>ts ( ! cl+]s to
 sp>s1 & ! float]s on rafts4  ,^!1      
*ildr5 ( ! /age1 ) fancy's w& rebuild ! 
pa/4 ,! dead are br\ght to life & made  
to act aga9 ! p>ts !y play$4 ,! he>ts & 
lips t long ago 7 du/1 are made to beat 
& speak aga94 ,! dead k+s are cr[n$ once
 m1 & f ! %ad[s ( ! pa/ em]ge ! que5s1  
jewel$ & sceptr$ z ( yore4 ,lov]s leave 
_! graves & brea! aga9 _! burn+ v[s2 &  
aga9 ! :ite brea/s rise & fall 9        
passion's /orm4 ,! laught] t di$ away   
b5ea? ! t\* ( dea? is he>d aga9 & lips t
 fell to a%es long ago are curv$ once m 

) mir?4 ,aga9 ! h]o b>es 8 brea/ to     
dea?2 aga9 ! patriot falls1 & aga9 !    
scaffold1 /a9$ ) noble blood1 becomes a 
%r9e4  ,! citiz5s ( ! real _w ga9 joy & 
com=t f ! /age4 ,! brok]1 ! speculator  
ru9$ by rumor1 ! lawy] baffl$ by !      
intellig5ce ( a jury or ! /upidity ( a  
judge1 ! doctor :o lo/ 8 pati5ce because
 he lo/ 8 pati5ts1 ! m]*ant 9 ! d>k days
 ( depression1 & all ! *ildr5 (         
mis=tune1 ! victims ( hope def]r$1 =get 
_! tr\bles = a little :ile :5 look+ on !
 mimic _w4 ,:5 ! %aft ( wit flies l !   
arr[ ( ,ulysses ?r\gh all ! r+s & /rikes
 ! c5tre2 :5 words ( wisdom m+le ) !    
cl[n's conceits2 :5 folly laugh+ %[s h] 
pe>ls1 & mir? holds c>nival2 :5 ! villa9
 fails & ! "r triumphs1 ! trials & !    
griefs ( life = ! mom5t fade away4  ,& s
 ! maid5 long+ to be lov$1 ! "y man     
wait+ = ! ,yes def]r$2 ! unlov$ wife1   
he> ! old1 old /ory told aga91--& aga9  
)9 _! he>ts is ! ec/asy ( requit$ love4 
,! /age br+s solace to ! w\nd$1 peace to
 ! tr\bl$1 & ) ! wiz>d's w& t\*es ! te>s

 ( grief & !y are *ang$ to ! smiles (   
joy4  ,! /age has ev] be5 ! alt>1 !     
pulpit1 ! ca!dral ( ! he>t4 ,!re !      
enslav$ & ! oppress$1 ! err+1 ! fall51  
ev5 ! outca/1 f9d sympa?y1 & pity gives 
!m all h] te>s--& !re1 9 spite ( weal? &
 p[]1 9 spite ( ca/e & cruel pride1 true
 love has ev] triumph$ ov] all4  ,! /age
 has taught ! noble/ lesson1 ! highe/   
tru?1 & t is ?is3 ,x is bett] to des]ve 
)\t receiv+ ?an to receive )\t des]v+4  
,z a matt] ( fact1 x is bett] to be !   
victim ( villa9y ?an to be a villa94    
,bett] to be /ol5 f ?an to be a ?ief1 & 
9 ! la/ analysis ! oppress$1 ! slave1 is
 less un=tunate ?an ! oppressor1 ! ma/]4
  ,! *ildr5 ( ! /age1 ^! citiz5s ( !    
mimic _w1 are n ! grasp+1 %rewd & prud5t
 p ( ! m>t2 !y are improvid5t en\gh to  
enjoy ! pres5t & cr$ul\s en\gh to       
believe ! promises ( ! univ]sal li> kn[n
 z ,hope4 ,_! he>ts & h&s are op54 ,z a 
rule g5ius is g5]\s1 luxuri\s1 lavi%1   
reckless & royal4 ,& s1 :5 !y h rea*$ ! 
ladd]'s topmo/ r\nd1 !y ?9k ! _w is !irs

 & t ! heav5 ( ! future c h no cl\d4 ,b 
f ! ranks ( y\? ! rival /eps4 ,^u !     
vet]an br[s ! wrea?s beg9 to fade1 !    
leaves to fall2 & failure sadly sups on 
memory4 ,!y tread ! /age no m4 ,!y leave
 ! mimic _w1 fair fancy's realm2 !y     
leave _! palaces & ?rones2 _! cr[ns are 
gone1 & f _! h&s ! sceptres fall4 ,at   
la/1 9 age & want1 9 lodg+s small & b>e1
 !y wait ! prompt]'s call2 & :5 ! end is
 rea*$1 maybe a vision glorifies ! clos+
 sc5e4 ,aga9 !y are on ! /age2 aga9 _!  
he>ts ?rob high2 aga9 !y utt] p]fect    
words2 aga9 ! fl[]s fall ab\t _! feet2 &
 z ! curta9 falls1 ! la/ s\nd t greets  
_! e>s1 is ! music ( applause1 ! bravos 
= an encore4  ,& !n ! sil5ce falls on   
d>kness4  ,"s lov+ h&s %\ld close _!    
eyes1 "s lov+ lips %\ld leave ^u _!     
pallid br[s a kiss2 "s fri5ds %\ld lay !
 brea?less =ms away1 & on ! graves drop 
blossoms jewel$ ) ! te>s ( love4  ,?is  
is ! "w ( ! g5]\s m5 & wom5 :o          
contribute to ! ,actors' ,fund4 ,?is is 
*>ity2 & ^! g5]\s m5 & wom5 h taught1 & 

are tea*+1 a lesson t all ! _w %\ld     
le>n1 & t is ?is3 ,! h&s t help are     
holi] ?an ! lips t pray4     ,,address  
,,to ,,! ,,press ,,club4  ,new ,orleans1
 ,febru>y #a1 #ahih4   ,,ladies ,,&     
,,g5tlem5 ( ! ,new ,orleans  ,press     
,club3 ,i d n rememb] to h agre$ or     
cons5t$ to make any rem>ks ab\t ! press 
or any?+ else on ! pres5t occasion1 b ,i
 am glad ( ?is opportunity to say a ^w  
or two4 ,( c\rse1 ,i h ! v greate/      
respect = ?is pr(ession1 ! pr(ession ( !
 press1 kn[+ x1 z ,i d1 to be "o ( !    
greate/ civiliz]s ( ! _w4 ,above all o!r
 in/itutions & all o!r influ5ces1 x is !
 greate/ ag5cy 9 break+ d[n ! h$ges (   
prov9cialism4 ,9 old5 times "o nation _h
 no k or und]/&+ ( ano!r nation1 & no   
insight or und]/&+ into its life2 &1    
inde$1 v>i\s p>ts ( "o nation held ! o!r
 p>ts ( x some:at 9 ! attitude (        
ho/ility1 because ( a lack ( m ?or\gh k2
 &1 curi\sly en\gh1 we are prone to look
 ^u /rang]s m or less 9 ! light (       
enemies4 ,inde$1 enemy & /rang] 9 ! old 

vocabul>ies are pretty mu* ( ! same     
significance4 ,a /rang] 0 an enemy4 ,i  
?9k x is ,d>w9 :o alludes to ! in/9ctive
 fe> a *ild has ( a /rang] z "o ( !     
h]itages ( c5turies ( in/9ctive         
cultivation1 ! h&$-d[n in/9ct ( ye>s    
ago4 ,& ev5 n[ x is a fact t we h v     
little sympa?y ) p ( a diff]5t c\ntry1  
ev5 p speak+ ! same language1 hav+ !    
same god ) a diff]5t "n1 or ano!r god ) 
! same "n1 recogniz+ ! same pr9ciples ( 
"r & wrong4  ,b ! mom5t p began to trade
 ) ea* o!r1 ! mom5t !y began to enjoy ! 
results ( ea* o!r's indu/ry & bra91 !   
mom5t t1 ?r\gh ?is m$ium1 !y began to   
get an insight into ea* o!r's life1 p   
began to see ea* o!r z !y 72 & s comm]ce
 became ! greate/ ( all mission>ies (   
civilization1 because1 l ! press1 x t5d$
 to d away ) prov9cialism4  ,y "k !re is
 no "o else 9 ! _w s egoti/ic z ! man :o
 kn[s no?+4 ,no man is m c]ta9 ?an ! man
 :o kn[s no?+4 ,! savage kn[s ev]y?+4 ,!
 mom5t man beg9s to be civiliz$ he beg9s
 to appreciate h[ little he kn[s1 h[ v  

circumscrib$ 9 its v nature human k is4 
,n[1 aft] comm]ce came ! press4 ,f !    
,moors1 ,i believe1 we le>n$ ! fir/     
rudim5ts ( t art :i* has civiliz$ ! _w4 
,) ! inv5tion ( movable type came an    
easy & *eap me?od ( pres]v+ ! ?\ghts &  
hi/ory ( "o g5]ation to ano!r &         
transmitt+ ! life ( "o nation to ano!r4 
,facts became immortal1 & f t day to ?is
 ! intellig5ce ( ! _w has rapidly &     
/eadily increas$4  ,& n[1 if we are     
prov9cial1 x is our own fault1 & if we  
are hateful & odi\s & circumscrib$ &    
n>r[ & peevi% & limit$ 9 ! light we get 
f ! kn[n univ]se1 x is our own fault4   
,day by day ! _w is gr[+ small] & m5    
l>g]4 ,b a few ye>s ago ! ,/ate ( ,new  
,york 0 z l>ge z ! ,unit$ ,/ates is     
to-day4 ,x requir$ z mu* "t to rea*     
,albany f ,new ,york z x n[ requires to 
rea* ,san ,francisco f ! same city1 & s 
f> z ! transmission ( ?\ght goes ! _w is
 b a hamlet4  ,i c\nt z "o ( ! great    
good ?+s ( ! mod]n press--z "o ( !      
specific good ?+s--t ! same news1 ! same

 direction ( ?\ght is transmitt$ to _m  
millions ( p ea* day4 ,s t ! ?\ghts (   
multitudes ( m5 are sub/antially t5d+ at
 ! same "t along ! same direction4 ,x   
t5ds m & m to make u citiz5s 9 ! highe/ 
s5se ( ! t]m1 & t is ! reason t ,i h s  
mu* respect = ! press4  ,( c\rse ,i "k t
 ! news & op9ions are writt5 by folks   
liable to ! same p]c5tage ( error z     
*>act]izes all mank9d4 ,no "o makes no  
mi/akes b ! man :o kn[s ev]y?+--no "o   
makes no mi/akes b ! hypocrite4  ,i mu/ 
confess1 h[ev]1 t !re are ?+s ab\t !    
press ( to-day t ,i w\ld h *ang$--t ,i d
 n l4  ,i hate to see bra9 ! slave ( !  
mat]ial god4 ,i hate to see money own   
g5ius4 ,s ,i ?9k t e writ] on e pap]    
%\ld be compell$ to sign 8 "n to ev]y?+ 
he writes4 ,!re are _m reasons :y he has
 a "r to ! reputation he makes4 ,8      
reputation is 8 prop]ty1 8 capital1 8   
/ock 9 trade1 & x is n j or fair or "r t
 x %\ld be absorb$ by ! corporation :i* 
employs him4 ,aft] giv+ great ?\ghts to 
! _w1 aft] millions ( p h read 8 ?\ghts 

) delight1 no "o kn[s ?is lonely man or 
8 solit>y "n4 ,if he loses ! good w ( 8 
employ]1 he loses 8 place & ) x all t 8 
labor & "t & bra9 h e>n$ = himself z 8  
own inali5able prop]ty1 & 8 corporation 
or employ] reaps ! b5efit ( x4  ,!re is 
ano!r reason e/abli%+ ! absolute equity 
( ?is proposition1 a reason po9t+ 9 o!r 
directions ?an to ! writ] & 8 rights4 ,x
 is no m ?an "r to ! read] t ! op9ion or
 ! n>rative %\ld be t ( ,mr4 ,smi? or   
,mr4 ,br[n or ,mr4 ,s & ,s1 & n t (1    
say1 ! ,picayune4 ,t is too imp]sonal4  
,x is no m ?an "r t a s+le man %\ld h 8 
honor at /ake = :at is said1 & n an     
imp]sonal some?+4 ,i "k t we are all    
liable to believe x if ! ,picayune says 
x1 & yet1 aft] all1 x is ! individual   
man :o is say+ x & x is 9 ! int]e/ (    
ju/ice t ! read] be appris$ ( ! fact4   
,i believe ,i h j a little fault to f9d 
) ! t5d5cy ( ! mod]n press to g into    
p]sonal affairs--into s-call$ private   
affairs4 ,9 say+ ?is1 ,i h no compla9t  
to lodge on my own behalf1 = ,i h no    

private affairs4 ,i am n s mu* oppos$ to
 :at is call$ s5sationalism1 = t mu/    
exi/ z long z crime is consid]$ news1 & 
believe me1 :5 virtue becomes news x c  
only be :5 ?is w h become an exce$+ly   
bad _w4 ,at ! same "t ,i ?9k t !        
publication ( crime may h m or less !   
t5d5cy ( increas+ x4  ,i read n long ago
 t if "s heavy piece ( furniture 7      
dropp$ 9 a room 9 :i* !re 0 a /r+       
in/rum5t1 ! /r+s 9 h>mony ) ! vibrations
 ( ! air made by t noise w\ld take up ! 
s\nd4 ,n[ a man ) a t5d5cy to crime w\ld
 pick up t crim9al feel+ inspir+ ! act  
:i* he sees blazon$ =? 9 all its detail 
9 ! press4 ,9 t view ( ! matt] x seems  
to me bett] n to give details ( all     
(f5ces4  ,n[1 z to ! matt] ( be+ too    
p]sonal1 ,i ?9k t "o ( ! results ( t    
sort ( j\rnalism is to drive a great _m 
capable & excell5t m5 out ( public life4
 ,i he>d a little /ory q rec5tly ( a man
 :o 0 be+ urg$ = ! ,legislature1 & yet  
hesitat$ because ( 8 fe> ( newspap]     
criticism ( ?is "*4 ,i don't want to    

run1 said he to 8 wife1 :o urg$ t ?is 0 
an opportunity to d himself & 8 fri5ds  
honor1 & t x 0 a sort ( duty 9 him4 ,i  
w\ld if ,i 7 y1 said 8 wife4 ,well1 b   
!re is no say+1 he respond$1 :at !      
newspap]s might pr9t ab\t me4 ,:y1 y\r  
life has always be5 honorable1 said %e2 
!y c\ld n say any?+ to y\r disp>agem5t4 
,b !y might attack my fa!r4 ,well1 !re 0
 no?+ 9 8 c>e] ( :i* any "o might feel  
a%am$4 ,he 0 z irreproa*able z y4 ,ay1 b
 !y might attack y & tell ( "s devilm5t 
y w5t into be=e we 7 m>ri$4 ,!n y bett] 
n run1 said 8 wife promptly4 ,i ?9k ?is 
fe> on ! "p ( husb& & wife is id5tical )
 t :i* keeps _m a great man out ( public
 s]vice4  ,n[1 !re is ano!r ?+ :i* e "o 
ought to abhor4 ,all m5 & newspap]s are 
entirely too apt to criticise ! motives 
( m54 ,x is a fault common to all good  
m5--except ! cl]gy1 ( c\rse--?is habit (
 attack+ motives4 ,& :5ev] we see a man 
d some?+ :i* is great & praisewor?y1 let
 u talk ab\t ! act itself & n g into a  
speculation or an attack ^u ! motive :i*

 prompt$ ! act4 ,attack :at a man       
actually does4  ,b ^! are only small    
matt]s4 ,! press is ! mo/ p[]ful ( all  
ag5cies = ! dissem9ation ( intellig5ce1 
& z su* ,i hail x always4 ,x has ne>ly  
always be5 v fri5dly & k9d to me &      
c]ta9ly ,i h receiv$ at ! h&s ( ! ,new  
,orleans press a treatm5t ,i %all nev]  
=get4  ,our ,sunday newspap]s1 to my    
m9d1 rank among ! greate/ in/itutions ( 
! pres5t day4 ,"o f9ds 9 !m matt] t c\ld
 n be f\nd 9 sev]al hundr$s (           
books1--beautiful ?\ghts1 broad         
intellig5ce1 a range ( in=mation        
p]fectly />tl+ 9 its usefulness &       
p]fectly *>m+ 9 its ent]ta9m5t4         
,contra/1 please1 h[ we are enabl$ by _!
 good (fices to sp5d ! ,sabba?1 ) !     
descriptions ( hell ) all its t]rors &  
all ! gloom *>act]iz+ ! ,sabba?s our    
=efa!rs _h to sp5d4 ,! ,sunday newspap] 
is an absolute bless+ to ! ,am]ican p1 a
 picture gall]y1 %ort /ories1 little    
poems1 a symposium ( bra9 & intellig5ce 
& ref9em5t &--divorce proce$+s4  ,z ,i h

 said1 ! good w & ! fair treatm5t ( !   
,am]ican press h ne>ly always be5 my    
lot4 ,!re h be5 "s misguid$ p :o h said 
h>% ?+s1 b :5 ,i rememb] all ! misguid$ 
?+s ,i h done1 ,i am incl9$ to be       
*>itable = _! %ortcom+s4  ,i d n "k t ,i
 h any?+ else to say1 except t ,i wi% y 
all good luck & sun%9e & prosp]ity1 &   
en\gh ( x to la/ y ?r\gh a long life4   
,,! ,,circulation ,,( ,,obsc5e          
,,lit]ature4       99 ,f ,+]soll ,z ,he 
,is1 by ,e4 ,m4 ,macdonald4  ,,"o ( !   
*>ges mo/ p]si/5tly made aga9/ ,colonel 
,+]soll is t dur+ & aft] ! trial ( ,d4  
,m4 ,b5nett1 p]secut$ by ,an?ony        
,com/ock1 ! ,colonel endeavor$ to h !   
law aga9/ s5d+ obsc5e lit]ature ?r\gh ! 
mail repeal$4 ,t ! *>ge is malici\sly   
false is fully %[n by ! foll[+ brief    
hi/ory ( ev5ts connect$ ) ! prosecution 
( ,d4 ,m4 ,b5nett1 & ,mr4 ,+]soll's     
ef=ts 9 8 behalf4444  ,aft] ,mr4        
,b5nett's arre/ 9 #ahgg1 he pr9t$ a     
petition to ,congress1 writt5 by ,t4 ,b4
 ,wakeman1 ask+ = ! repeal or           

modification ( ,com/ock's law by :i* he 
expect$ to /amp out ! publications (    
,free?9k]s4444  ,! connection ( ,mr4    
,+]soll ) ?is petition is soon expla9$4 
,mr4 ,+]soll knew ( ,com/ock's attempts 
to suppress h]esy by means ( ?is law1 & 
:5 call$ ^u by ! ,wa%+ton committee 9   
*>ge ( ! petition1 he all[$ 8 "n to g on
 ! petition = modification1 b he told !m
 di/9ctly & pla9ly t he 0 n 9 favor ( ! 
repeal ( ! law1 z he 0 will+ & anxi\s t 
obsc5ity %\ld be suppress$ by all legal 
means4 ,8 s5tim5ts are be/ express$ by  
himself 9 a lett] to ! ,bo/on ,j\rnal4  
,he says3  ',wa%+ton1 ,m>* #ah1 #ahgh4  
',to ! ,editor ( ! ,bo/on ,j\rnal3  ',my
 att5tion has be5 call$ to ! foll[+     
article t rec5tly appe>$ 9 y\r pap]3    
',col4 ,rob]t ,g4 ,+]soll1 & o!rs1 feel 
aggriev$ because ,congress1 9 #ahgc1    
enact$ a law = ! suppression ( obsc5e   
lit]ature1 &1 believ+ x an infr+em5t ( !
 rights ( c]ta9 citiz5s1 & an ef=t to   
muzzle ! press & consci5ce1 petition =  
its repeal4 ,:5 a man's consci5ce p]mits

 him to spread broadca/ obsc5e          
lit]ature1 x is "t t consci5ce 0 muzzl$4
 ,! law is a t]ror only to evil-do]s4   
',no "o wi%es ! repeal ( any law = !    
suppression ( obsc5e lit]ature4 ,= my   
"p1 ,i wi% all su* laws rigidly en=c$4  
,! only objection ,i h to ! law ( #ahgc 
is1 t x has be5 con/ru$ to include books
 & pamphlets writt5 aga9/ ! religion ( !
 day1 al?\gh conta9+ no?+ t c be call$  
obsc5e or impure4 ,c]ta9 religi\s       
fanatics1 tak+ advantage ( ! ^w immoral 
9 ! law1 h claim$ t all writ+s aga9/ :at
 !y are pleas$ to call or?odox religion 
are immoral1 & su* books h be5 seiz$ &  
_! au?ors arre/$4 ,to ?is1 & ?is only1  
,i object4  ',y\r article does me great 
inju/ice1 & ,i ask t y w h ! k9dness to 
publi% ?is note4  ',f ! bottom ( my he>t
 ,i despise ! publi%]s ( obsc5e         
lit]ature4 ,bel[ !m !re is no dep? (    
fil?4 ,& ,i also despise ^?1 :o1 "u !   
pret5ce ( suppress+ obsc5e lit]ature1   
endeavor to prev5t hone/ & pure m5 f    
writ+ & publi%+ hone/ & pure ?\ghts4    

,y\rs truly4  ',r4 ,g4 ,+]soll4'   ,?is 
is suffici5tly easy ( compreh5sion ev5 =
 m9i/]s1 b ( c\rse !y misrepres5t$ & li$
 ab\t ! writ]4 ,f t day to ?is he has   
be5 accus$ ( favor+ ! dissem9ation (    
obsc5e lit]ature4 ,t ! fri5ds ( ,colonel
 ,+]soll may "k j h[ infam\s ?is is1 we 
w give a brief hi/ory ( ! repeal or     
modification movem5t4444  ,on ,octob]   
#bf1 ! ,national ,lib]al ,league held   
its ,congress 9 ,syracuse4 ,at ?is      
,congress ! ,league left ! matt] (      
repeal or modification ( ! laws op51    
tak+ no action z an organization1 ei!r  
way1 b elect$ (fic]s kn[n to be 9 favor 
( repeal4 ,on ,decemb] #aj1 ,mr4 ,b5nett
 0 aga9 arre/$4 ,he 0 tri$1 & f\nd      
guilty2 he appeal$1 ! conviction 0      
affirm$1 & he 0 s5t5c$ to ?irte5 mon?s' 
imprisonm5t at h>d labor4  ,aft] ! trial
 ,colonel ,+]soll int]pos$1 & endeavor$ 
to get a p>don = ,mr4 ,b5nett1 :o 0 held
 9 ,ludl[ /reet jail p5d+ ,presid5t     
,hayes's reply4 ,! man :o occupi$ !     
,presid5t's (fice promis$ to p>don !    

,infidel editor2 !n he w5t back on 8 ^w1
 & ,mr4 ,b5nett s]v$ 8 t]m (            
imprisonm5t4  ,!n prea*]s op5$ !        
sluiceways ( vitup]ation & bill+sgate ^u
 ,colonel ,+]soll = hav+ int]c$$ = a man
 convict$ ( mail+ obsc5e lit]ature4 ,!  
*>ges 7 z infam\sly false !n z !y are   
n[1 & to %[ x1 x is only necess>y to    
quote ,colonel ,+]soll's words dur+ !   
ye> or two succe$+1 :5 ! ,free?9k]s & ! 
,*ri/ians 7 n only oppos+ ea* o!r       
vigor\sly1 b ! ,free?9k]s !mselves 7    
divid$ on ! "q4 ,9 #ahgi1 :ile ,mr4     
,b5nett 0 9 prison1 a correspond5t ( !  
,na%ville1 ,t5n41 ,bann] said t !       
,national ,lib]al ,league & ,colonel    
,+]soll 7 9 favor ( dissem9at+ obsc5e   
lit]ature4 ,to ?is ,colonel ,+]soll     
repli$ 9 a lett] to a fri5d3  #adag ,g  
,/41 ,wa%+ton1 ,aug4 #ba1 #ahgi4  ',my  
,de> ,sir3 ,! article 9 ! ,na%ville     
,bann] by ,j4 ,l4 is utt]ly & malici\sly
 false4  ',a petition 0 s5t to ,congress
 pray+ = ! repeal or modification (     
c]ta9 po/al laws1 to ! end t ! fre$om ( 

consci5ce & ( ! press %\ld n be abridg$4
  ',nobody holds 9 great] contempt ?an  
,i ! writ]s1 publi%]s1 or deal]s 9      
obsc5e lit]ature4 ,"o ( my objections to
 ! ,bible is t x conta9s hundr$s (      
grossly obsc5e passages n fit to be read
 by any dec5t man1 ?\s&s ( passages1 9  
my judgm5t1 calculat$ to corrupt ! m9ds 
( y\?4 ,i hope ! "t w soon come :5 !    
good s5se ( ! ,am]ican p w dem& a ,bible
 ) all obsc5e passages left out4  ',!   
only reason a modification ( ! po/al    
laws is necess>y is t at pres5t1 "u     
color ( ^? laws1 books & pamphlets are  
exclud$ f ! mails simply because !y are 
consid]$ het]odox & blasphem\s4 ,9 o!r  
words1 e man %\ld be all[$ to write1    
publi%1 & s5d ?r\gh ! mails 8 ?\ghts ^u 
any subject1 express$ 9 a dec5t & becom+
 mann]4 ,z to ! propriety ( giv+ anybody
 au?ority to ov]haul mails1 break seals1
 & read private correspond5ce1 t is     
ano!r "q4  ',e m9i/] & e layman :o *>ges
 me ) directly or indirectly favor+ !   
dissem9ation ( any?+ t is impure1       

retails :at he kn[s to be a wilful &    
malici\s lie4 ,i rema91 ,y\rs truly1    
',r4 ,g4 ,+]soll4'   ,?ree weeks aft]   
?is lett] 0 writt5 ! ,national ,lib]al  
,league held its ?ird annual ,congress  
at ,c9c9nati4 ,colonel ,+]soll 0 *airman
 ( ! committee on resolutions & plat=m &
 unf9i%$ bus9ess ( ! ,league4 ,"o ( !   
subjects to be dealt ) 0 ^! ,com/ock    
laws4 ,! foll[+ are ,colonel ,+]soll's  
rem>ks & ! resolutions he pres5t$3  ',x 
may be prop]1 be=e pres5t+ ! resolutions
 ( ! committee1 to say a ^w 9           
explanation4 ,! committee 7 *>g$ ) !    
consid]ation ( ! unf9i%$ bus9ess ( !    
,league4 ,x seems t at ,syracuse !re 0 a
 division z to :at c\rse %\ld be tak5 9 
reg>d to ! po/al laws ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4
 ,^! laws 7 us$ z an eng9e ( oppression 
aga9/ ! free circulation ( :at we und]/&
 to be sci5tific lit]ature4 ,e hone/ man
 9 ?is c\ntry is 9 favor ( all[+ e o!r  
human be+ e "r t he claims = himself4 ,!
 majority at ,syracuse 7 at t "t simply 
9 favor ( ! absolute repeal ( ^? laws1  

believ+ !m to be uncon/itutional--n     
because !y 7 9 favor ( any?+ obsc5e1 b  
because !y 7 oppos$ to ! mails ( !      
,unit$ ,/ates be+ "u ! espionage &      
bigotry ( ! *ur*4 ,!y !re=e dem&$ an    
absolute repeal ( ! law4 ,o!rs1 feel+ t 
!y might be misund]/ood1 & kn[+ t !ology
 c co9 ! meane/ words to act z ! vehicle
 ( ! l[e/ lies1 7 afraid ( be+          
misund]/ood1 & !re=e !y said1 ,let u    
am5d ^! laws s t our lit]ature %all be  
^u an equality ) t ( !ology4 ,i "k t !re
 is n a ,lib]al "h1 or 9 ! ,unit$       
,/ates1 t is 9 favor ( ! dissem9ation ( 
obsc5e lit]ature4 ,"o ( ! objections :i*
 we h to ! book said to be writt5 by    
,god is t x is obsc5e4  ',! ,lib]als (  
?is c\ntry believe 9 purity1 & !y       
believe t e fact 9 nature & 9 sci5ce is 
z pure z a />4 ,we d n ne$ to ask = any 
m ?an we want4 ,we simply want ! laws ( 
our c\ntry s fram$ t we are n           
discrim9at$ aga9/4 ,s1 tak+ t view ( !  
vex$ "q1 we want to put ! boot ^u ! o!r 
foot4 ,we want to put ! *>ge ( obsc5ity 

:]e x belongs1 & ! committee1 ( :i* ,i h
 ! honor to be "o ( ! memb]s1 h         
endeavor$ to d j t ?+4 ,m5 h no "r to   
talk to me ab\t obsc5ity :o reg>d ! /ory
 ( ,lot & 8 daught]s z a fit ?+ = m51   
wom51 & *ildr5 to read1 & :o wor%ip a   
,god 9 :om ! violation ( ,*e]s dr[n$ !  
conclusion ( ?is s5t5ce s ! report]s    
c\ld n he> x4 ,su* a ,god ,i hold 9     
inf9ite contempt4  ',n[ ,i w read y !   
resolutions recomm5d$ by ! committee4   
',,resolutions4  ',y\r committee h !    
honor to submit ! foll[+ report3 ',fir/1
 ,z to ! unf9i%$ bus9ess ( ! ,league1   
y\r committee submits ! foll[+          
resolutions3  ',resolv$41 ,t we are 9   
favor ( su* po/al laws z w all[ ! free  
transportation ?r\gh ! mails ( ! ,unit$ 
,/ates ( all books1 pamphlets1 & pap]s1 
irrespective ( ! religi\s1 irreligi\s1  
political1 & sci5tific views !y may     
conta91 s t ! lit]ature ( sci5ce may be 
plac$ ^u an equality ) t ( sup]/ition4  
',resolv$1 ,t we are utt]ly oppos$ to ! 
dissem9ation1 ?r\gh ! mails1 or by any  

o!r means1 ( obsc5e lit]ature1 :e!r     
inspir$ or un9spir$1 & hold 9           
measureless contempt its au?ors &       
dissem9ators4  ',resolv$1 ,t we call ^u 
! ,*ri/ian _w to expunge f ! s-call$    
sacr$ ,bible e passage t _c be read )\t 
cov]+ ! *eek ( mode/y ) ! blu% ( %ame2 &
 until su* passages are expung$1 we dem&
 t ! laws aga9/ ! dissem9ation ( obsc5e 
lit]ature be imp>tially en=c$4 '444  ,we
 believe t lott]ies & obsc5ity %\ld be  
dealt ) by ,/ate & municipal            
legislation1 & (f5d]s puni%$ 9 ! c\nty 9
 :i* !y commit _! (f5ce4 ,s 9 ^? days we
 argu$ = ! repeal ( ! ,com/ock laws1 z  
did doz5s ( o!rs--,james ,p>ton1 ,elizur
 ,wright1 ,o4 ,b4 ,fro?+ham1 ,t4 ,c4    
,lel&1 ,c\rtl&t ,palm]1 & _m m ^: names 
we d n recall4 ,b ,colonel ,+]soll did  
n1 & :5 ! ,national ,lib]al ,league met 
! next ye> at ,*icago 7,septemb] #ag1   
#ahhj71 he 0 oppos$ to ! ,league's mak+ 
a pl$ge to def5d e case "u ! ,com/ock   
laws1 & he 0 oppos$ to a resolution     
dem&+ a repeal ( ^? laws4 ,! foll[+ is  

:at ,colonel ,+]soll said ^u ! subject3 
',mr4 ,*airman1 ,i wi% to (f] ! foll[+  
resolution 9 place & in/ead (           
resolutions numb]$ #e & #f3  ',resolv$1 
,t ! committee ( def5ce1 :5ev] a p]son  
has be5 indict$ = :at he claims to h be5
 an hone/ ex]cise ( ! fre$om ( ?\ght &  
expression1 %all inve/igate ! case1 & if
 x appe>s t su* p]son has be5 guilty (  
no (f5ce1 !n x %all be ! duty ( said    
committee to def5d su* p]son if he is   
unable to def5d himself4'  ',n[1 all[ me
 "o mom5t to /ate my reasons4 ,i d n1 ,i
 h n1 ,i nev] %all1 accuse or suspect a 
solit>y memb] ( ! ,lib]al ,league ( !   
,unit$ ,/ates ( be+ 9 favor ( do+ any   
act "u heav5 t he is n ?or\ghly conv9c$ 
is "r4 ,we all claim fre$om ( spee*1 & x
 is ! gem ( ! human s\l4 ,we all claim a
 "r to express our hone/ ?\ghts4 ,did x 
ev] occur to any ,lib]al t he wi%$ to   
express any ?\ght hone/ly1 truly1 &     
legally t he consid]$ immoral8 ,h[ does 
x happ5 t we h any int]e/ 9 :at is kn[n 
z immoral lit]ature8 ,i d5y t ! ,league 

has any int]e/ 9 t k9d ( lit]ature4     
,:5ev] we m5tion x1 :5ev] we speak ( x1 
we put ourselves 9 a false position4    
,:at d we want8 ,we want to see to x t !
 *ur* p>ty %all n smo!r ! lit]ature (   
,lib]alism4 ,we want to see to x t !    
vip] ( intellectual slav]y %all n /+ our
 cause4 ,we want x s t e hone/ man1 s t 
e hone/ woman1 c express 8 or h] hone/  
?\ght ^u any subject 9 ! _w4 ,& ! "q1 & 
! only "q1 z to :e!r !y are am5able to !
 law1 9 my m9d1 is1 ,7 !y hone/8 ,0 _!  
ef=t to b5efit mank9d8 ,0 t _! int5tion8
 ,& no man1 no woman1 %\ld be convict$ (
 any (f5ce t t man or woman did n int5d 
to commit4 ,n[1 !n1 suppose "s p]son is 
arre/$1 & x is claim$ t a "w writt5 by  
him is immoral1 is illegal4 ,!n1 ,i say1
 let our committee ( def5ce exam9e t    
case1 & if our enemies are seek+ to     
trample out ,free?\ght "u ! "n (        
immorality1 & "u ! cov] & %ield ( our   
crim9al law1 !n let u def5d t man to !  
la/ doll> we h4 ,b we d n wi% to put    
ourselves 9 ! position ( g5]al def5d]s (

 all ! slu% t may be writt5 9 ?is or any
 o!r c\ntry4 ,y _c af=d to d x4 ,y _c   
af=d to put into ! m\? ( !ology a       
p]petual & cont9ual slur4 ,y _c af=d to 
d x4 ,& ?is meet+ is n ! "t to g into ! 
"q ( :at au?ority ! ,unit$ ,/ates may h 
ov] ! mails4 ,x is a v wide "q4 ,x      
embraces _m o!rs4 ,has ! ,gov]nm5t a "r 
to say :at %all g into ! mails8 ,:y1 9  
"o s5se1 assur$ly4 ,c]ta9ly !y h a "r to
 say y %all n s5d a horse & wagon by    
mail4 ,!y h a "r to fix "s limit2 & !   
only ?+ we want is t ! lit]ature (      
lib]ty1 ! lit]ature ( real ,free?\ght1  
%all n be discrim9at$ aga9/4 ,& we "k n[
 z well z if x _h be5 p]fectly &        
absolutely demon/rat$1 t ! lit]ature (  
,free?\ght w be absolutely pure4 ,we "k 
x1 ,we call ^u ! ,*ri/ian _w to expunge 
obsc5ity f _! book1 & until t is expung$
 we dem& t ! laws aga9/ obsc5e lit]ature
 %all be execut$4 ,& h[ c we1 9 ! next  
resolution1 say ^? laws ought all to be 
repeal$8 ,we _c d t4 ,i h always be5 9  
favor ( su* an am5dm5t ( ! law t by no  

trick1 by no device1 by no judicial     
discretion1 an hone/1 high1 pure-m9d$   
man %\ld be subject$ to puni%m5t simply 
= giv+ 8 be/ & 8 hone/ ?\ght4 ,:at m d  
we ne$8 ,:at m c we ask8 ,i am z mu*    
oppos$ z my fri5d ,mr4 ,wakeman c be to 
! assumption ( ! *ur* t x is ! gu>dian (
 morality4 ,if our morality is to be    
gu>d$ by t s5tim5t alone1 !n is ! end   
come4 ,! natural in/9ct ( self-def5ce 9 
mank9d & 9 all organiz$ society is !    
=tress ( ! morality 9 mank9d4 ,! *ur*   
itself 0 at "o "t ! outgr[? ( t same    
feel+1 b n[ ! feel+ has outgr[n ! *ur*4 
,n[1 !n1 we w h a ,committee ( ,def5ce4 
,t committee w exam9e e case4 ,suppose  
"s man has be5 indict$1 & suppose he is 
guilty4 ,suppose he has endeavor$ to    
soil ! human m9d4 ,suppose he has be5   
will+ to make money by p&]+ to ! l[e/   
passions 9 ! human brea/4 ,:at w t      
committee d ) him !n8 ,we w say1 ,g on2 
let ! law take its c\rse4 ,b if1 ^u     
read+ 8 book1 we f9d t he is all wrong1 
horribly wrong1 idiotically wrong1 b    

make up our m9ds t he 0 hone/ 9 8 error1
 ,i w give z mu* z any o!r liv+ man ( my
 means to def5d t man4 ,& ,i believe y w
 all be> me witness :5 ,i say t ,i h !  
cause ( intellectual lib]ty at he>t z   
mu* z ,i am capable ( hav+ any?+ at     
he>t4 ,& ,i "k hundr$s ( o!rs "h j !    
same4 ,i und]/& t4 ,i und]/& _! motive4 
,i believe x to be p]fectly good1 b ,i  
truly & hone/ly ?9k !y are mi/ak54  ,if 
we h an int]e/ 9 ! bus9ess1 ,i w\ld     
fight = x4 ,if our cause 7 assail$ by   
law1 !n ,i say fight2 & our cause is    
assail$1 & ,i say fight4 ,!y w n all[   
me1 9 _m ,/ates ( ?is ,union1 to te/ify4
 ,i say fight until e "o ( ^? laws is   
repeal$4 ,!y discrim9ate aga9/ a man    
simply because he is hone/4 ,repeal su* 
laws4 ,! *ur*1 if x _h ! p[] to-day1    
w\ld trample out e p>ticle ( free       
lit]ature 9 ?is l&4 ,& :5 !y endeavor to
 d t1 ,i say fight4 ,b !re is a         
di/9ction wide z ! ,mississippi--yes1   
wid] ?an ! ,atlantic1 wid] ?an all !    
oceans--betwe5 ! lit]ature ( immorality 

& ! lit]ature ( ,free?\ght4 ,"o is a    
crawl+1 slimy liz>d1 & ! o!r an angel ) 
w+s ( light4 ,n[1 let u draw ?is        
di/9ction1 let u und]/& ourselves1 & d n
 give to ! common enemy a ^w cov]$ )    
mire1 a ^w /a9$ ) cloaca1 to ?r[ at u4  
,we ?\ght we _h settl$ t "q a ye> ago4  
,we buri$ x !n1 & ,i say let x rot4     
',?is "q is ( great importance4 ,x is ! 
mo/ important "o we h "h4 ,i h f\ght ?is
 "q2 ,i am ev] go+ to d s1 & ,i w n all[
 anybody to put a /a9 ^u me4 ,?is "q mu/
 be und]/ood if x takes all summ]4 ,"h  
is a case 9 po9t4 ,"s lady has writt5 a 
"w :i*1 ,i am in=m$1 is a good "w1 & t  
has no?+ wrong ab\t x4 ,h] op9ions may  
be fooli% or wise4 ,let ?is committee   
exam9e t case4 ,if !y f9d t %e is a good
 woman1 t %e _h good int5tions1 no matt]
 h[ t]rible ! "w may be1 if h] int5tions
 are good1 %e has committ$ no crime4 ,i 
want ! hone/ ?\ght4 ,i ?9k ,i h always  
be5 9 favor ( x4 ,b we hav5't ! "t to g 
into all ^! que/ions4  ',!n comes ! "q =
 ?is h\se to decide 9 a mom5t :e!r ^!   

cases %\ld h be5 tri$ 9 ! ,/ate or      
,f$]al c\rt4 ,i want x und]/ood t ,i h  
confid5ce 9 ! ,f$]al c\rts ( ! nation4  
,!re may be "s bad judges1 !re may be "s
 idiotic jurors4 ,i ?9k !re 0 9 t case (
 ,mr4 ,b5nett4 ,b ! ,committee (        
,def5ce1 if ,i und]/& x1 suppli$ means1 
= ! def5ce ( t man4 ,!y did1 b are we   
ready n[ to decide 9 a mom5t :at c\rts  
%all h jurisdiction8 ,are we ready to   
say t ! ,f$]al c\rts %all be d5i$       
jurisdiction 9 any case aris+ ab\t !    
mails8 ,suppose somebody robs ! mails8  
,be=e :om %all we try ! robb]8 ,try him 
be=e a ,f$]al judge4 ,:y8 ,because he   
has violat$ a ,f$]al law4 ,we h n any "t
 = su* an inve/igation z ?is4 ,:at we   
want to d is to def5d free spee*        
ev]y:]e4 ,:at we want to d is to def5d !
 expression ( ?\ght 9 pap]s1 9          
pamphlets1 9 books4 ,:at we want to d is
 to see to x t ^! books1 pap]s1 &       
pamphlets are on an equality ) all o!r  
books1 pap]s1 & pamphlets 9 ! ,unit$    
,/ates mails4 ,& !n ! next /ep we want  

to take1 if any man is indict$ "u !     
pret5ce t he is publi%+ immoral books1  
is to h our ,committee ( ,def5ce well   
exam9e ! case2 & if we believe ! man to 
be innoc5t we w help def5d him if he is 
unable to def5d himself2 & if we f9d t !
 law is wrong 9 t p>ticul>1 we w g = !  
am5dm5t ( t law4 ,i beg ( y to h "s s5se
 9 ?is matt]4 ,we mu/ h x4 ,if we don't1
 ^u t rock we %all split--^u t rock we  
%all aga9 divide4 ,let u n d x4 ,! cause
 ( intellectual lib]ty is ! highe/ to ! 
human m9d4 ,let u /& by x1 & we c help  
all ^! p by ?is resolution4 ,we c d     
ju/ice ev]y:]e ) x1 :ile if we agree to 
! fif? & six? resolutions t h be5 (f]$  
,i say we lay ourselves op5 to ! *>ge1 &
 x w be hurl$ aga9/ u1 no matt] h[      
unju/ly1 t we are 9 favor ( widespread  
immorality4  ',mr4 ,cl>ke3 ,we are n    
afraid ( x4  ',colonel ,+]soll3 ,y may  
say we are n afraid4 ,i am n afraid4 ,he
 only is a fool :o ru%es into unnecess>y
 dang]4  ',mr4 ,cl>ke3 ,:at are y talk+ 
ab\t1 anyway8  ',colonel ,+]soll3 ,i am 

talk+ ) endeavor to put a little s5se   
into su* m5 z y4 ,y\r v "q %[s t x 0    
necess>y t ,i %\ld talk4 ,& n[ ,i move t
 my resolution be adopt$4  ',mr4        
,wakeman mov$ t x be add$ to t portion (
 ! six? resolution :i* recomm5d$ !      
con/itution ( ! ,committee ( ,def5ce4   
',col4 ,+]soll3 ,i _c agree to ! six?   
resolution4 ,i ?9k ne>ly e ^w ( x is    
wrong 9 pr9ciple4 ,i ?9k x b9ds u to a  
c\rse ( action t we %all n be will+ to  
foll[2 & my resolution cov]s e possible 
case4 ,my resolution b9ds u to def5d e  
hone/ man 9 ! ex]cise ( 8 "r4 ,i c't be 
b\nd to say t ! ,gov]nm5t hasn't control
 ( its morals--t we _c tru/ ! ,f$]al    
c\rts--t1 "u any circum/ances1 at any   
"t1 ,i am b\nd to def5d1 ei!r by ^w or  
money1 any man :o violates ! laws ( ?is 
c\ntry4  ',mr4 ,wakeman3 ,we d n say t4 
',colonel ,+]soll3 ,i beg ( y1 ,i besee*
 y1 n to pass ! six? resolution4 ,if y  
d1 ,i w\ldn't give t snapp+ 8 f+]s = !  
plat=m4 ,a "p ( ! ,com/ock law au?orizes
 ! vile/ possible trick4 ,we are all    

oppos$ to t4  ',mr4 ,lel&3 ,:at is ! "q8
  ',colonel ,+]soll3 ,don't let u be    
silly4 ,don't let u say we are oppos$ to
 :at we are n oppos$ to4 ,if any man "h 
is oppos$ to putt+ d[n ! vile/ ( all    
possible tra% he ought to g home4 ,we   
are oppos$ to only a "p ( ! law--oppos$ 
to x :5ev] !y endeavor to trample       
,free?\ght "u foot 9 ! "n ( immorality4 
,aft]w>d1 at ! same session ( !         
,congress1 ! foll[+ colloquy took place 
betwe5 ,colonel ,+]soll & ,t4 ,b4       
,wakeman3  ',colonel ,+]soll3 ,y "k z   
well z ,i t !re are c]ta9 books n fit to
 g ?r\gh ! mails--books & pictures n fit
 to be deliv]$4  ',mr4 ,wakeman3 ,t is  
s4  ',colonel ,+]soll3 ,!re is n a man  
"h :o is n 9 favor1 :5 ^! books &       
pictures come into ! control ( ! ,unit$ 
,/ates1 ( burn+ !m up :5 !y are         
manife/ly obsc5e4 ,y don't want any gr& 
jury !re4  ',mr4 ,wakeman3 ,yes1 we d4  
',colonel ,+]soll3 ,no1 we don't4 ,:5 !y
 are manife/ly obsc5e1 burn !m up4  ',a 
delegate3 ,:o is to be judge ( t8       

',colonel ,+]soll3 ,!re are books t     
nobody diff]s ab\t4 ,!re are c]ta9 ?+s  
ab\t :i* we c use discretion4 ,if t     
discretion is abus$1 a man has 8 rem$y4 
,we /& = ! free ?\ght ( ?is c\ntry4 ,we 
/& = ! progressive _s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4
 ,we c't af=d to say t all ^! laws %\ld 
be repeal$4 ,if we _h "t to inve/igate  
!m we c\ld say 9 :at !y %\ld be am5d$4  
,don't tie u to ?is nons5se--to ! idea t
 we h an int]e/ 9 immoral lit]ature4    
,let u rememb] t ,mr4 ,wakeman is sore4 
,he _h a case be=e ! ,f$]al c\rts1 & he 
imag9es1 hav+ lo/ t case1 y _c dep5d on 
!m4 ,i h lo/ hundr$s ( cases4 ,i h z mu*
 confid5ce 9 ! ,f$]al c\rts z 9 ! ,/ate 
c\rts4 ,i am n to be a p>ty to ?r[+ a   
slur ^u ! ,f$]al judici>y4 ,all we want 
is fair play4 ,we want ! same *ance =   
our doctr9es t o!rs h = !irs4 ,& h[ ?is 
inf]nal "q ( obsc5ity ev] got into !    
,lib]al ,league ,i c\ld nev] und]/&4 ,if
 an innoc5t man is convict$ ( l>c5y1    
%\ld we repeal all ! laws on ! subject8 
,i don't pret5d to be bett] ?an o!r p4  

,x is easy to talk "r--s easy to be "r t
 ,i nev] c>e to h ! luxury ( be+ wrong4 
,i am advocat+ some?+ t we c /& ^u4 ,i d
 n misund]/& ,mr4 ,wakeman's motives4 ,i
 believe !y are p]fectly good--t he is  
?or\ghly hone/4 ,:y n j say we w /& by  
fre$om ( ?\ght & its expression8 ,:y n  
say t we are 9 favor ( am5d+ any law t  
is wrong8 ,b d n make ! :olesale /atem5t
 t all ^! laws ought to be repeal$4 ,!y 
ought n to be repeal$4 ,"s ( !m are     
good4 ,! law aga9/ s5d+ in/rum5ts ( vice
 9 ! mails is good1 z is ! law aga9/    
s5d+ obsc5e books & pictures1 & ! law   
aga9/ lett+ ignorant hy5as prey ^u sick 
p1 & ! law :i* prev5ts ! gett]s up (    
bogus lott]ies s5d+ _! lett]s ?r\gh !   
mail4'  ,at ! ev5+ session ( !          
,congress1 on ! same day1 ,mr4 ,+]soll  
made ?is spee* 9 opposition to !        
resolution dem&+ ! repeal ( ! ,com/ock  
laws3  ',i am n 9 favor ( ! repeal ( ^? 
laws4 ,i h nev] be51 & ,i nev] expect to
 be4 ,b ,i d wi% t e law provid+ = !    
puni%m5t ( a crim9al (f5ce %\ld di/9ctly

 def9e ! (f5ce4 ,t is ! objection to ?is
 law1 t x does n def9e ! (f5ce1 s t an  
,am]ican citiz5 c readily "k :5 he is   
ab\t to violate x & consequ5tly ! law   
ought 9 all probability to be modifi$ 9 
t reg>d4 ,i am 9 favor ( e law def9+ )  
p]fect di/9ctness ! (f5ce to be puni%$1 
b ,i _c say by :olesale ^! laws %\ld be 
repeal$4 ,i h ! cause ( ,free?\ght too  
mu* at he>t4 ,nei!r w ,i cons5t to !    
repeal simply because ! *ur* is 9 favor 
( ^? laws4 ,9 s f> z ! *ur* agrees ) me1
 ,i congratulate ! *ur*4 ,9 s f> z      
sup]/ition is will+ to help me1 good6 ,i
 am will+ to accept x4 ,i believe1 also1
 t ?is ,league is ^u a secul> basis1 &  
!re %\ld be no?+ 9 our plat=m t w\ld    
prev5t any ,*ri/ian f act+ ) u4 ,:at is 
our plat=m8--& we ought to leave x z x  
is4 ,x ne$s no am5dm5t4 ,our plat=m is =
 a secul> gov]nm5t4 ,is x improp] 9 a   
secul> gov]nm5t to endeavor to prev5t ! 
spread ( obsc5e lit]ature8 ,x is !      
bus9ess ( a secul> gov]nm5t to d x1 b if
 t gov]nm5t attempts to /amp out        

,free?\ght 9 ! "n ( obsc5ity1 x is !n = 
! fri5ds ( ,free?\ght to call = a       
def9ition ( ! ^w1 & su* a def9ition z w 
all[ ,free?\ght to g ev]y:]e ?r\gh all !
 mails ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,we are also 9
 favor ( secul> s*ools4 ,good6 ,we are 9
 favor ( do+ away ) e law t discrim9ates
 aga9/ a man on acc\nt ( 8 belief4      
,good6 ,we are 9 favor ( univ]sal       
education4 ,good6 ,we are 9 favor ( !   
taxation ( *ur* prop]ty4 ,good6--because
 ! exp]i5ce ( ! _w %[s t :]e y all[     
sup]/ition to own prop]ty )\t tax+ x1 x 
w absorb ! net pr(its4 ,is x "t n[ t we 
%\ld ?r[ into ! scale1 aga9/ all ^!     
spl5did purposes1 an ef=t to repeal "s  
po/al laws aga9/ obsc5ity8 ,z well might
 we turn ! ,league into an eng9e to d   
away ) all laws aga9/ ! sale ( /ale     
eggs4  ',:at h we to d ) ^? ?+s8 ,is x  
possible t ,free?\ght c be *>g$ ) be+   
obsc5e8 ,is x possible t1 if ! *>ge is  
made1 x c be sub/antiat$8 ,c y n attack 
any sup]/ition 9 ! _w 9 p]fectly pure   
language8 ,c y n attack any?+ y please 9

 p]fectly pure language8 ,& :]e a man   
int5ds "r1 no law %\ld f9d him guilty2 &
 if ! law is weak 9 t respect1 let x be 
modifi$4 ,b ,i say to y t ,i _c g ) any 
body ( m5 :o dem& ! unconditional repeal
 ( ^! laws4 ,i believe 9 lib]ty z mu* z 
any man t brea!s4 ,i w d z mu*1 accord+ 
to my ability1 z any o!r man to make ?is
 an absolutely free & secul> gov]nm5t ,i
 w d z mu* z any o!r man ( my /r5g? & ( 
my intellectual p[] to give e human be+ 
e "r t ,i claim = myself4 ,b ?is obsc5e 
law bus9ess is a /umbl+ block4 ,_h x n  
be5 = ?is1 in/ead ( ! few p vot+        
"h--less ?an "o hundr$--we w\ld h _h a  
,congress numb]$ by ?\s&s4 ,_h x n be5 =
 ?is bus9ess1 ! ,lib]al ,league ( !     
,unit$ ,/ates w\ld to-night hold 9 its  
h& ! political de/9y ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 
,in/ead ( t1 we h ?r[n away our p[] ^u a
 "q 9 :i* we are n int]e/$4 ,in/ead ( t1
 we h wa/$ our res\rces & our bra9 = !  
repeal ( a law t we don't want repeal$4 
,if we want any?+1 we simply want a     
modification4 ,n[1 !n1 don't /a9 ?is    

cause by su* a c\rse4 ,& don't und]/& t 
,i am pret5d+1 or am ins9uat+1 t anyone 
"h is 9 favor ( obsc5e lit]ature4 ,x is 
a "q1 n ( pr9ciple1 b ( means1 & ,i beg 
p>don ( ?is ,conv5tion if ,i h done     
any?+ s horrible z has be5 describ$ by  
,mr4 ,pillsbury4 ,i regret x if ,i h ev]
 endeavor$ to trample ^u ! rights ( ?is 
,conv5tion4  ',!re is "o ?+ ,i h n      
done--,i h n endeavor$ to ca/ five votes
 :5 ,i didn't h a solit>y vote4 ,let u  
be fair2 let u be fair4 ,i h simply giv5
 my vote4 ,i wi% to trample ^u ! rights 
( no "o2 & :5 ,mr4 ,pillsbury gave ^?   
votes he suppos$ he _h a "r to give !m2 
& if he _h a "r1 ! votes w\ld h be5     
c\nt$4 ,i attribute no?+ wrong to him1 b
 ,i say ?is3 ,i h ! "r to make a motion 
9 ?is ,congress1 ,i h ! "r to argue t   
motion1 b ,i h no m rights ?an any o!r  
memb]1 & ,i claim none4 ,b ,i want to   
say to y--& ,i want y to "k & feel x--t 
,i want to act ) e ,lib]al man & woman 9
 ?is _w4 ,i want y to "k & feel x t ,i  
want to d ev]y?+ ,i c to get e "o ( ^!  

/atutes (f our books t discrim9ates     
aga9/ a man because ( 8 religi\s        
belief--t ,i am 9 favor ( a secul>      
gov]nm5t1 & ( all ^! rights4 ,b ,i _c1 &
 ,i w n1 op]ate ) any organization t    
asks = ! unconditional repeal ( ^? laws4
 ,i w /& alone1 & ,i h /ood alone4 ,i c 
tell my ?\ghts to my c\ntrym51 & ,i w d 
x1 & :atev] position y take1 :e!r ,i am 
) y or n1 y w f9d me battl+ ev]y:]e = ! 
absolute fre$om ( ! human m9d4 ,y w f9d 
me battl+ ev]y:]e to make ?is _w bett] &
 gr&]2 & :atev] my p]sonal conduct may  
be1 ,i %all endeavor to keep my !ories  
"r4 ,i beg ( y1 ,i implore y1 d n pass !
 resolution ,no4 #f4 ,x is n = our      
int]e/2 x w d u no good4 ,x w lose u    
ho/s ( hone/1 spl5did fri5ds4 ,d n d x2 
x w be a mi/ake2 & ! only reason ,i (f]$
 ! motion 0 to give ! memb]s "t to ?9k  
?is ov]4 ,i am n pret5d+ to "k m ?an o!r
 p4 ,i am p]fectly will+ to say t 9 _m  
?+s ,i "k less4 ,b ^u ?is subject ,i    
want y to ?9k4 ,no matt] :e!r y are     
afraid ( y\r sons1 y\r daught]s1 y\r    

wives1 or y\r husb&s1 t isn't x--,i     
don't want ! spl5did prospects ( ?is    
,league put 9 jeop>dy ^u su* an issue z 
?is4 ,i h no m to say4 ,b if t          
resolution is pass$1 all ,i h to say is 
t1 :ile ,i %all be = lib]ty ev]y:]e1 ,i 
_c act ) ?is organization1 & ,i w n4'   
,! resolution 0 f9ally adopt$1 &        
,colonel ,+]soll resign$ 8 (fice (      
vice-presid5t 9 ! ,league1 & nev] act$ )
 x aga9 until ! ,league dropp$ all side 
issues1 & came back to fir/ pr9ciples--!
 en=cem5t ( ! ,n9e ,dem&s ( ,lib]alism4 
,9 #ahib1 writ+ ^u ?is subject 9 answ]  
to a m9i/] :o _h repeat$ ^! absurd      
*>ges1 ,colonel ,+]soll made ?is (f]3   
,i w pay a premium ( "o ?\s& doll>s a ^w
 = ea* & e ^w ,i ev] said or wrote 9    
favor ( s5d+ obsc5e publications ?r\gh !
 mails4     ,,conv5tion ,,( ,,!         
,,national ,,lib]al ,,league4           
,c9c9nati1 ,o41 ,septemb] #ad4ahgh4     
,,ladies ,,& ,,g5tlem53 ,all[ me to say 
t ! cause ne>e/ my he>t1 & to :i* ,i am 
will+ to devote ! rema9d] ( my life1 is 

! absolute1 ! absolute1 enfran*isem5t ( 
! human m9d4 ,i believe t ! family is ! 
unit ( good gov]nm5t1 & t e good        
gov]nm5t is simply an aggregation ( good
 families4 ,i !re=e n only believe 9    
p]fect civil & religi\s lib]ty1 b ,i    
believe 9 ! "o man lov+ ! "o woman4 ,i  
believe ! real temple ( ! human he>t is 
! he>?/one1 & t !re is :]e ! sacrifice (
 life %\ld be made2 & j 9 proportion z  
we h t idea 9 ?is c\ntry1 j 9 t         
proportion we %all advance & become a   
great1 glori\s & spl5did nation4 ,i d n 
want ! *ur* or ! /ate to come betwe5 !  
man & wife4 ,i want to d :at little ,i c
 :ile ,i live to /r5g!n & r5d] /ill m   
sacr$ ! family relation4 ,i am also 9   
favor ( grant+ e "r to e o!r human be+ t
 ,i claim = myself2 & :5 ,i look ab\t ^u
 ! _w & see h[ ! *ildr5 t are born      
to-day1 or ?is ye>1 or ?is age1 came    
into a _w t has ne>ly all be5 tak5 up   
be=e _! arrival2 :5 ,i see t !y h n ev5 
an opportunity to labor = bread2 :5 ,i  
see t 9 our spl5did c\ntry "s :o d ! mo/

 h ! lea/1 & o!rs :o d ! lea/ h ! mo/2  
,i say to myself !re is some?+ wrong    
some:]e1 & ,i hope ! "t w come :5 e *ild
 t nature has invit$ to our fea/ w h an 
equal "r ) all ! o!rs4 ,!re is only "o  
way1 9 my judgm5t1 to br+ t ab\t2 & t   
is1 fir/1 n simply by ! education ( !   
head1 b by ! univ]sal education ( !     
he>t4 ,! "t w come :5 a man ) millions 9
 8 possession w n be respect$ unless )  
^? millions he improves ! condition ( 8 
fell[-m54  ,! "t w come :5 x w be utt]ly
 impossible = a man to g d[n to dea?1   
grasp+ millions 9 ! clut* ( av>ice4 ,!  
"t w come :5 x w be impossible = su* a  
man to exi/1 = he w be foll[$ by ! scorn
 & execration ( mank9d4 ,! "t w come :5 
su* a man :5 /rick5 by dea?1 _c pur*ase 
! favor ( po/]ity by leav+ a portion ( !
 ga9s :i* he has wrung f ! poor1 to "s  
*ur* or ,bible society = ! glory ( ,god4
  ,n[1 let me say t we h met toge!r z a 
,lib]al ,league4 ,we h pass$ ! same     
plat=m aga92 b if y w read t plat=m y w 
see t x cov]s ne>ly e ^w t ,i h         

spok5--univ]sal education--! laws (     
sci5ce includ$1 n ! guesses (           
sup]/ition--univ]sal education1 n = !   
next _w b = ?is--happ9ess1 n s mu* = an 
unkn[n l& beyond ! cl\ds z = ?is life 9 
?is _w4 ,i d n say t !re is n ano!r     
life4 ,if !re is any ,god :o has all[$ 8
 *ildr5 to be oppress$ 9 ?is _w he      
c]ta9ly ne$s ano!r life to re=m !       
blund]s he has made 9 ?is4  ,n[1 let u  
all agree t we w /& by ea* o!r          
spl5didly1 gr&ly2 & :5 we come into     
conv5tion let u pass resolutions t are  
broad1 k9d1 & g5ial1 because1 if y are  
true ,lib]als1 y w hold 9 a k9d ( t5d]  
pity ! mo/ outrage\s sup]/itions 9 ! _w4
 ,i h said "s ?+s 9 my "t t 7 n altoge!r
 *>itable2 b1 aft] all1 :5 ,i ?9k x ov]1
 ,i see t m5 are z !y are1 because !y   
are ! result ( e ?+ t has ev] be54      
,sometimes ,i ?9k ! cl]gy a necess>y    
evil2 b ,i say1 let u be g5ial & k9d1 & 
let u "k t e o!r p]son has ! same "r to 
be a ,ca?olic or a ,presbyt]ian1 & ga!r 
consolation f ! doctr9e ( reprobation1 t

 he has ! same "r to be a ,me?odi/ or a 
,*ri/ian ,disciple or a ,bapti/2 ! same 
"r to believe ^! phantasies & follies & 
sup]/itions--,a voice--,& to burn       
h]etics8  ,no--,! same "r t we h to     
believe t x is all sup]/ition4 ,b :5 t  
,ca?olic or ,bapti/ or ,me?odi/         
endeavors to put *a9s on ! bodies or    
intellects ( m51 x is !n ! duty ( e     
,lib]al to prev5t x at all haz>ds4 ,if  
we c d any good 9 our day & g5]ation1   
let u d x4  ,!re is no (fice ,i want 9  
?is _w4 ,i w make up my m9d z to ! next 
:5 ,i get !re1 because my motto is--& ) 
t motto ,i w close :at ,i h to say--,my 
motto is3 ,"o _w at a "t6               
,,conv5tion ,,( ,,! ,,am]ican ,,secul>  
,,union4  ,albany1 ,n4 ,y41 ,septemb]   
#ac1 #ahhe4  ,,ladies ,,& ,,g5tlem53    
,:ile ,i h nev] s\ght any place 9 any   
organization1 & :ile ,i nev] int5d$ to  
accept any place 9 any organization1 yet
 z y h done me ! honor to elect me      
presid5t ( ! ,am]ican ,secul> ,union1 ,i
 n only accept ! place1 b t5d] to y ea* 

& all my s9c]e ?anks4  ,?is is a        
position t a man _c obta9 by repress+ 8 
hone/ ?\ght4 ,ne>ly all o!r positions he
 obta9s 9 t way4 ,b ,i am glad t ! "t   
has come :5 m5 c af=d to pres]ve _!     
manhood 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,maybe !y _c be   
elect$ to ! ,legislature1 _c become err&
 boys 9 ,congress1 _c be plac$ z        
wea!r-vanes 9 ! presid5tial *air1 b ! "t
 has come :5 a man c express 8 hone/    
?\ght & be treat$ l a g5tleman 9 !      
,unit$ ,/ates4 ,we h arriv$ at a po9t   
:]e prie/s d n gov]n1 & h rea*$ t /age (
 our j\rney :]e we1 z ,h>riet ,m>t9eau  
express$ x1 are free rov]s on ! breezy  
common ( ! univ]se4 ,day by day we are  
gett+ rid ( ! ari/ocracy ( ! air4 ,we h 
be5 ! slaves ( phantoms long en\gh1 & a 
new day1 a day ( glory1 has dawn$ ^u ?is
 new _w--?is new _w :i* is f> beyond !  
old 9 ! real fre$om ( ?\ght4  ,9 !      
selection ( y\r (fic]s1 )\t ref]r+ to   
myself1 ,i ?9k y h %[n great good s5se4 
,! fir/ man *os5 z vice-presid5t1 ,mr4  
,*>les ,watts1 is a g5tleman ( s\nd1    

logical m9d2 "o :o kn[s :at he wants to 
say & h[ to say x2 :o is famili> ) !    
organization ( ,secul> societies1 kn[s  
:at we wi% to accompli% & ! means to    
atta9 x4 ,i am glad t he is ab\t to make
 ?is c\ntry 8 home1 & ,i "k ( no man :o1
 9 my judgm5t1 c d m = ! cause (        
intellectual lib]ty4  ,! next           
vice-presid5t1 ,mr4 ,remsburg1 has done 
spl5did "w all ov] ! c\ntry4 ,he is an  
absolutely fe>less man1 & tells really &
 truly :at 8 m9d produces4 ,we ne$ su*  
m5 ev]y:]e4  ,y "k x is almo/ a rule1 or
 at any rate ! practice1 9 political    
p>ties & 9 organizations g5]ally1 to be 
s anxi\s = success t all ! (fices &     
places ( honor are giv5 to ^? :o w come 
9 at ! elev5? h\r4 ,! rule is to hold   
out ^! honors z bribes = newcom]s in/ead
 ( conf]r+ !m ^u ^? :o h borne ! heat & 
burd5 ( ! day4 ,i hope t ! ,am]ican     
,secul> ,union w n be guilty ( any su*  
inju/ice4 ,be/[ y\r honors ^u ! m5 :o   
/ood by y :5 y _h few fri5ds1 ! m5 :o   
enli/$ = ! w> :5 ! cause ne$$ soldi]s4  

,give y\r places to !m1 & if o!rs want  
to jo9 y\r ranks1 welcome !m he>tily to 
! places ( honor 9 ! re> & let !m le>n  
h[ to keep /ep4  ,9 ?is p>ticul>1 leav+ 
out myself z ,i h said1 y h done        
magnific5tly well4 ,mrs4 ,mattie        
,krekel1 ano!r vice-presid5t1 is a woman
 :o has ! c\rage to express h] op9ions1 
& %e is all ! m to be comm5d$ because1 z
 y "k1 wom5 h to suff] a little m       
puni%m5t ?an m51 be+ am5able to social  
laws t are m exact+ & tyrannical ?an ^? 
pass$ by ,legislatures4  ,( ,mr4        
,wakeman x is n necess>y to speak4 ,y   
all "k him to be an able1 ?\ghtful1 &   
exp]i5c$ man1 capable 9 e respect2 "o :o
 has be5 9 ?is organization f ! beg9n+1 
& :o is n[ presid5t ( ! ,new ,york      
society4 ,elizur ,wright1 "o ( !        
patri>*s ( ,free?\ght1 :o 0 battl+ =    
lib]ty be=e ,i 0 born1 & :o w be f\nd 9 
! front rank until he ceases to be4 ,y h
 honor$ y\rselves by elect+ ,james      
,p>ton1 a ?\ghtful man1 a s*ol>1 a      
philosoph]1 & a philan?ropi/--hone/1    

c\rage\s1 & logical--) a m9d z cle> z a 
cl\dless sky4 ,p>k] ,pillsbury1 :o has  
always be5 on ! side ( lib]ty1 always   
will+1 if ne$ be1 to /& alone--a man :o 
has be5 mobb$ _m times because he _h !  
goodness & c\rage to d5\nce ! in/itution
 ( slav]y--a man possess$ ( ! true m>tyr
 _s4 ,messrs4 ,algie & ,adams1 our      
fri5ds f ,canada1 m5 ( ! highe/ "*1     
wor?y ( our fulle/ confid5ce &          
e/eem--consci5ti\s1 upright1 & fai?ful4 
,& p]mit me to say t ,i "k ( no man (   
k9d] he>t1 ( g5tl] disposition1 ) m     
real1 good human feel+ t[>d all ! _w1 ) 
a m =giv+ & t5d] _s1 ?an ,horace ,seav]4
 ,he & ,mr4 ,m5dum are ! editors ( !    
,inve/igator1 ! fir/ ,infidel pap] ,i   
ev] saw1 & ,i guess ! fir/ t any "o ( y 
ev] saw--a pap] once edit$ by ,abn]     
,kneel&1 :o 0 put 9 prison = say+1 ,!   
,univ]sali/s believe 9 a ,god :i* ,i d  
n4 ,! c\rt decid$ t he _h d5i$ ! exi/5ce
 ( a ,supreme ,be+1 & at t "t x 0 n     
?\ght safe to all[ a rem>k ( t k9d to be
 made1 & s1 = ! purpose ( keep+ an      

inf9ite ,god f tumbl+ (f 8 ?rone1 ,mr4  
,kneel& 0 put 9 jail4 ,b ,horace ,seav] 
& ,mr4 ,m5dum w5t on ) 8 "w4 ,!y are    
pione]s 9 ?is cause1 & !y h be5         
absolutely true to ! pr9ciples (        
,free?\ght f ! fir/ day until n[4  ,if  
!re is anybody belong+ to our ,secul>   
,union m en?usia/ic & bett] calculat$ to
 imp>t some?+ ( 8 en?usiasm to o!rs ?an 
,samuel ,p4 ,putnam1 our secret>y1 ,i d 
n "k him4 ,c\rtl&t ,palm]1 y\r treasur]1
 y all "k1 & y w pres5tly "k him bett]  
:5 y he> ! spee* he is ab\t to make1 & t
 spee* w speak bett] = him ?an ,i       
possibly c4 ,wait until y he> him1 z he 
is n[ wait+ = me to get ?r\gh t y may   
he> him4 ,he w give y ! def9ition ( !   
true g5tleman1 & t def9ition w be a     
tru?ful description ( himself4  ,mr4    
,reynolds is on our side if anybody is  
or ev] 01 & ,mr4 ,macdonald1 editor ( ,!
 ,tru? ,seek]1 aim+ n only to seek !    
tru? b to expose error1 has done & is   
do+ incalculable good 9 ! cause ( m5tal 
fre$om4  ,all ^! m5 & wom5 are m5 & wom5

 ( "*1 ( high purpose2 9 favor (        
,free?\ght n z a peculi>ity or z an     
ecc5tricity ( ! h\r1 b ) all _! he>ts1  
?r\gh & ?r\gh1 to ! v c5t] & core (     
conviction1 life1 & purpose4  ,& s ,i c 
congratulate y on y\r *oice1 & believe t
 y h ent]$ ^u ! mo/ prosp]\s ye> ( y\r  
exi/5ce4 ,i believe t y w d all y c to h
 e law repeal$ t puts a hypocrite above 
an hone/ mail4 ,we "k t no man is       
?or\ghly hone/ :o does n tell 8 hone/   
?\ght4 ,we want ! ,sabba? day =         
ourselves & our families4 ,let ! gods h 
! heav5s4 ,give u ! e>?4 ,if ! gods want
 to /ay at home ,sundays & look solemn1 
let !m d x2 let u h a little :olesome   
recreation & pleasure4 ,if ! gods wi% to
 g out ) _! wives & *ildr51 let !m g4   
,if !y want to play billi>ds ) ! />s1 s 
!y don't c>om on u1 let !m play4  ,we   
want to d :at we c to compel e *ur* to  
pay taxes on its prop]ty z o!r p pay on 
!irs4 ,d y "k t if *ur* prop]ty is all[$
 to g )\t taxation1 x is only a "q ( "t 
:5 !y w own a l>ge p] c5t1 ( ! prop]ty (

 ! civiliz$ _w8 ,x is ! same z comp\nd  
int]e/2 only give x "t4 ,if y all[ x to 
increase )\t tax+ x = its protection1   
its gr[? c only be measur$ by ! "t 9 :i*
 x has to gr[4 ,! *ur* builds an edifice
 9 "s small t[n1 gets sev]al acres ( l&4
 ,9 "t a city rises ar\nd x4 ,! labor ( 
o!rs has add$ to ! value ( ?is prop]ty1 
until x is wor? millions4 ,if ?is       
prop]ty is n tax$1 ! *ur*es w h s mu* 9 
_! h&s t !y w aga9 become dang]\s to !  
lib]ties ( mank9d4 ,!re nev] w be real  
lib]ty 9 ?is c\ntry until all prop]ty is
 put ^u a p]fect equality4 ,if y want to
 build a ,joss h\se1 pay taxes4 ,if y   
want to build *ur*es1 pay taxes4 ,if y  
want to build a hall or temple 9 :i*    
,free?\ght & sci5ce are to be taught1   
pay taxes4 ,let !re be no prop]ty       
untax$4 ,:5 y fail to tax any species ( 
prop]ty1 y increase ! tax ( o!r p own+ !
 re/4 ,to t ext5t1 y unite *ur* & /ate4 
,y compel ! ,infidel to support !       
,ca?olic4 ,i d n want to support !      
,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,x is n wor? support+4  

,x is an unadult]at$ evil4 ,nei!r d ,i  
want to re=m ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,! only  
re=mation ( :i* t *ur* or any or?odox   
*ur* is capable1 is de/ruction4 ,i want 
to sp5d no m money on sup]/ition4 ,nei!r
 %\ld our money be tak5 to support      
sect>ian s*ools4 ,we d n wi% to employ  
any *apla9s 9 ! navy1 or 9 ! army1 or 9 
! ,legislatures1 or 9 ,congress4 ,x is  
useless to ask ,god to help ! political 
p>ty t happ5s to be 9 p[]4 ,we want no  
,presid5t1 no ,gov]nor clo!d ) a little 
brief au?ority1 to issue a proclamation 
z ?\gh he 7 an ag5t ( ,god1 au?oriz$ to 
tell all 8 lov+ subjects to fa/ on a    
c]ta9 day1 or to ent] _! *ur*es & pray =
 ! accompli%m5t ( a c]ta9 object4 ,x is 
none ( 8 bus9ess4 ,:5 !y call$ on ,?omas
 ,jeff]son to issue a proclamation1 he  
said he _h no "r to d x1 t religion 0 a 
p]sonal1 individual matt]1 & t ! /ate _h
 no "r1 no p[]1 to int]f]e4  ,i n[ h !  
pleasure ( introduc+ ,mr4 ,c\rtl&t      
,palm]1 :o w speak to y on ! ,ari/ocracy
 ( ,free?\ght1 9 my judgm5t ! ari/ocracy

 n only ( ! pres5t1 b ! ari/ocracy ( !  
future4     ,,! ,,religi\s ,,belief ,,( 
,,abraham ,,l9coln4  ,new ,york1 ,may   
#bh1 #ahif4   ,,my ,,de> ,,mr4 ,,seip3  
,i h c>efully read y\r article on !     
religi\s belief ( ,abraham ,l9coln1 & 9 
accordance ) y\r reque/ ,i w n only give
 y my op9ion ( ! evid5ce ^u :i* y rely1 
z set out 9 y\r article1 b my belief z  
to ! religi\s op9ions ( ,mr4 ,l9coln1 & 
! facts on :i* my belief re/s4  ,y speak
 ( a controv]sy betwe5 myself & ,g5]al  
,collis ^u ?is subject4 ,a few ye>s ago 
,i deliv]$ a lecture on ,mr4 ,l9coln1 9 
?is city1 & 9 t lecture said t ,l9coln1 
s f> z 8 religi\s op9ions 7 conc]n$1    
sub/antially agre$ ) ,frankl91          
,jeff]son1 ,pa9e & ,voltaire4 ,!reupon  
,g5]al ,collis wrote me a note          
contradict+ :at ,i _h said & ass]t+ t   
,l9coln invok$ ! p[] ( ,almighty ,god1 n
 ! ,dei/ ,god1 b ! ,god :om he wor%ip$  
"u ! =ms ( ! ,*ri/ian *ur* ( :i* he 0 a 
memb]4 ,to ?is ,i repli$ say+ t         
,voltaire & ,pa9e bo? believ$ 9 ,god1 & 

t ,l9coln 0 nev] a memb] ( any ,*ri/ian 
*ur*4  ,g5]al ,collis wrote ano!r lett] 
to :i*1 ,i ?9k1 ,i made no reply1 = !   
reason t ! ,g5]al _h demon/rat$ t he    
knew no?+ :atev] on ! subject4 ,x 0     
evid5t t he _h nev] read ! life (       
,l9coln1 because if he _h1 he w\ld n h  
said t he 0 a memb] ( a *ur*4 ,x 0 also 
evid5t t he knew no?+ ab\t ! religi\s   
op9ions ( ,frankl91 ,voltaire or ,pa9e1 
or he w\ld h kn[n t !y 7 believ]s 9 !   
exi/5ce ( a ,supreme ,be+4 ,x did n seem
 to me t 8 lett] 0 wor?y ( a reply4  ,n[
 z to y\r article3 ,i f9d 9 :at y h     
writt5 v little t is new4 ,i d n rememb]
 ev] to h se5 any?+ ab\t ! /atem5t ( !  
daught] ( ! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,gurley 9 reg>d  
to ,l9coln's lett]s4 ,! daught]1 h[ev]1 
does n pret5d to "k ! cont5ts ( ! lett]s
 & says t !y 7 de/roy$ by fire2         
consequ5tly ^! lett]s1 s f> z ?is "q is 
conc]n$1 are ( no possible importance4  
,! only ?+ 9 y\r article t5d+ to %[ t   
,l9coln 0 a ,*ri/ian is ! foll[+3 ,i ?9k
 ,i c say ) s9c]ity t ,i hope ,i am a   

,*ri/ian4 ,i _h liv$ until my ,willie   
di$ )\t fully realiz+ ^! ?+s4 ,t bl[    
ov]:elm$ me4 ,x %[$ me my weakness z ,i 
_h nev] felt x be=e1 & ,i ?9k ,i c      
safely say t ,i "k some?+ ( a *ange (   
he>t1 & ,i w fur!r add t x has be5 my   
int5tion = "s "t1 at a suitable         
opportunity1 to make a public religi\s  
pr(ession4  ,n[1 if y _h giv5 ! "n ( !  
p]son to :om ?is 0 said1 & if t p]son _h
 told y t ,l9coln did utt] ^! words1 !n 
! evid5ce w\ld h be5 good2 b y are =c$  
to say t ?is 0 said to an em95t ,*ri/ian
 lady4 ,y d n give ?is lady's "n4 ,i    
take x = grant$ t h] "n is unkn[n1 & t !
 "n ( ! p]son to :om %e told ! /ory is  
also unkn[n1 & t ! "n ( ! man :o gave ! 
/ory to ! _w is unkn[n4 ,?is falsehood1 
accord+ to y\r own %[+1 is an orphan1 a 
lonely lie )\t fa!r or "m4 ,su* te/imony
 _c be accept$4 ,x is n ev5 good he>say4
  ,9 ! next po9t y make1 y also br+ =w>d
 ! rem>ks claim$ to h be5 made by ,mr4  
,l9coln :5 "s color$ p ( ,baltimore     
pres5t$ him ) a ,bible4 ,y say t he said

 t ! ,bible 0 ,god's be/ gift to man1 & 
b = ! ,bible we c\ld n "k "r f wrong4 ,x
 is impossible t ,l9coln %\ld h utt]$ ^!
 words4 ,he c]ta9ly w\ld n h said to "s 
color$ p t ! book t in/itut$ human      
slav]y 0 ,god's be/ gift to man2 nei!r  
c\ld he h said t b = ?is book we c\ld n 
"k "r f wrong4 ,if he said ^! ?+s he 0  
tempor>ily insane4 ,mr4 ,l9coln 0       
famili> ) ! lives ( ,socrates1          
,epictetus1 ,epicurus1 ,z5o1 ,confucius1
 ,zoroa/] & ,buddha1 n "o ( :om ev] he>d
 ( ! ,bible4 ,c]ta9ly ^! m5 knew "r f   
wrong4 ,9 my judgm5t !y w\ld comp>e     
favorably ) ,abraham1 ,isaac1 ,jacob1   
,david & ! ,jews t crucifi$ ,*ri/4 ,^!  
pret5d$ rem>ks mu/ be ?r[n away2 !y c\ld
 h be5 utt]$ only by an ignorant &      
?\ghtless zealot1 n by a s5sible1       
?\ghtful man4 ,nei!r c we rely on any   
new evid5ce giv5 by ! ,rev4 ,mr4        
,gurley4 ,if ,mr4 ,gurley at any "t     
claim$ t ,l9coln 0 a ,*ri/ian1 su* claim
 0 born ( an aft]?\ght4 ,mr4 ,gurley    
prea*$ a fun]al s]mon ov] ! body (      

,l9coln at ! ,:ite ,h\se1 & 9 t s]mon he
 did n claim t ,mr4 ,l9coln 0 9 any s5se
 a ,*ri/ian4 ,he said no?+ ab\t ,*ri/4  
,s1 ! te/imony ( ! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,sund]l&  
am\nts to no?+4 ,l9coln did n tell him t
 he 0 a ,*ri/ian or t he believ$ 9      
,*ri/4 ,n "o ( ! m9i/]s t claim t       
,l9coln 0 a ,*ri/ian1 n "o1 te/ifies t  
,l9coln s said 9 8 he>+4 ,s1 ! lives t h
 be5 writt5 ( ,l9coln by ,holl& &       
,arnold are ( no possible au?ority4     
,holl& knew no?+ ab\t ,l9coln2 he reli$ 
on gossip1 & 0 exce$+ly anxi\s to make  
,l9coln a ,*ri/ian s t 8 ,life w\ld     
sell4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ,mr4 ,arnold   
knew little ( ,l9coln1 & knew no m ( 8  
religi\s op9ions ?an he seems to h kn[n 
ab\t ! op9ions ( ,wa%+ton4  ,i f9d also 
9 y\r article a claim t ,l9coln said to 
somebody t "u c]ta9 conditions1 t is to 
say1 if a *ur* _h ! ,gold5 ,rule = its  
cre$1 he w\ld jo9 t *ur*2 b y d n give !
 "n ( ! fri5d to :om ,l9coln made ?is   
decl>ation4 ,/ill1 if he made x1 x does 
n t5d to %[ t he 0 a ,*ri/ian4 ,a *ur*  

f\nd$ on ! ,gold5 ,rule1 ,d unto o!rs z 
y w\ld t o!rs %\ld d unto y1 w\ld n 9   
any s5se be a ,*ri/ian *ur*4 ,x w\ld be 
an e?ical society4 ,! te/imony ( ,mr4   
,bateman has be5 *ang$ by himself1 he   
hav+ admitt$ t x 0 color$1 t he 0 n     
prop]ly report$2 s ! night-walk+ sc5e   
giv5 by ,james ,e4 ,murdo*1 does n ev5  
t5d to %[ t ,l9coln 0 a ,*ri/ian4       
,accord+ to ,mr4 ,murdo* he 0 pray+ to !
 ,god ( ,solomon & he nev] m5tion$ ! "n 
( ,*ri/4 ,i ?9k1 h[ev]1 ,mr4 ,murdo*'s  
/ory is too !atrical1 & my own op9ion is
 t x 0 a wak+ dream4 ,i ?9k ,l9coln 0 a 
man ( too mu* s5se1 too mu* tact1 to h  
said any?+ to ,god ab\t ,solomon4       
,l9coln knew t :at ,god did = ,solomon  
end$ 9 failure1 & if he want$ ,god to d 
some?+ = him 7,l9coln7 he w\ld n h call$
 att5tion to ! o!r case4 ,s ,bi%op      
,simpson1 9 8 oration or fun]al s]mon1  
said no?+ ab\t ,l9coln's hav+ be5 a     
,*ri/ian4  ,n[1 :at is ! te/imony t y   
pres5t t ,l9coln 0 a ,*ri/ian8  ,fir/1  
,sev]al ( y\r witnesses say t he believ$

 9 ,god4  ,second1 ,"s say t he believ$ 
9 ! efficacy ( pray]4  ,?ird1 ,"s say t 
he 0 a believ] 9 ,provid5ce4  ,f\r?1 ,an
 unkn[n p]son says t he said to ano!r   
unkn[n p]son t he 0 a ,*ri/ian4  ,fif?1 
,y also claim t he said ! ,bible 0 ! be/
 gift ( ,god to man1 & t )\t x we c\ld n
 h kn[n "r f wrong4  ,! anonym\s        
te/imony has to be ?r[n away1 s no?+ is 
left except ! rem>ks claim$ to h be5    
made :5 ! ,bible 0 pres5t$ by ! color$  
p1 & ^! rem>ks de/roy !mselves4 ,x is   
absolutely impossible t ,l9coln c\ld h  
utt]$ ! words attribut$ to him on t     
occasion4 ,i "k ( no "o :o he>d ! words1
 ,i "k ( no witness :o says he he>d !m  
or t he kn[s anybody :o did4 ,^! rem>ks 
7 n ev5 he>d by an em95t ,*ri/ian lady1 
& we are driv5 to say t if ,l9coln 0 a  
,*ri/ian he took great pa9s to keep x a 
secret4  ,i believe t ,i am famili> ) ! 
mat]ial facts be>+ ^u ! religi\s belief 
( ,mr4 ,l9coln1 & t ,i "k :at he ?\ght (
 or?odox ,*ri/ianity4 ,i 0 some:at      
acqua9t$ ) him & well acqua9t$ ) _m ( 8 

associates & fri5ds1 & ,i am famili> )  
,mr4 ,l9coln's public utt]ances4        
,or?odox ,*ri/ians h ! habit ( claim+   
all great m51 all m5 :o h held important
 positions1 m5 ( reputation1 m5 ( weal?4
 ,z soon z ! fun]al is ov] cl]gym5 beg9 
to relate imag9>y conv]sations ) !      
deceas$1 & 9 a v little :ile ! great man
 is *ang$ to a ,*ri/ian--possibly to a  
sa9t4  ,all ?is happ5$ 9 ,mr4 ,l9coln's 
case4 ,_m pi\s falsehoods 7 told1       
conv]sations 7 manufactur$1 & sudd5ly ! 
*ur* claim$ t ! great ,presid5t 0 an    
or?odox ,*ri/ian4 ,! tru? is t ,l9coln 9
 8 religi\s views agre$ ) ,frankl91     
,jeff]son1 & ,voltaire4 ,he did n       
believe 9 ! inspiration ( ! ,bible or ! 
div9ity ( ,*ri/ or ! s*eme ( salvation1 
& he utt]ly repudiat$ ! dogma ( et]nal  
pa94  ,9 mak+ up my m9d z to :at ,mr4   
,l9coln really believ$1 ,i d n take into
 consid]ation ! evid5ce ( unnam$ p]sons 
or ! cont5ts ( anonym\s lett]s2 ,i take 
! te/imony ( ^? :o knew & lov$ him1 ( ^?
 to :om he op5$ 8 he>t & to :om he spoke

 9 ! fre$om ( p]fect confid5ce4  ,mr4   
,h]ndon 0 8 fri5d & p>tn] = _m ye>s4 ,i 
knew ,mr4 ,h]ndon well4 ,i "k t ,l9coln 
nev] _h a bett]1 w>m]1 tru] fri5d4      
,h]ndon 0 an hone/1 ?\ghtful1 able1     
/udi\s man1 respect$ by all :o knew him4
 ,he 0 z natural & s9c]e z ,l9coln      
himself4 ,on sev]al occasions ,mr4      
,h]ndon told me :at ,l9coln believ$ &   
:at he reject$ 9 ! realm ( religion4 ,he
 told me aga9 & aga9 t ,mr4 ,l9coln did 
n believe 9 ! inspiration ( ! ,bible1 ! 
div9ity ( ,*ri/1 or 9 ! exi/5ce ( a     
p]sonal ,god4 ,!re 0 no possible reason 
= ,mr4 ,h]ndon to make a mi/ake or to   
color ! facts4  ,ju/ice ,david ,davis 0 
a life-long fri5d & associate ( ,mr4    
,l9coln1 & ,judge ,davis knew ,l9coln's 
religi\s op9ions & knew ,l9coln z well z
 anybody did4 ,judge ,davis told me t   
,l9coln 0 a ,free?9k]1 t he d5i$ !      
inspiration ( ! ,bible1 ! div9ity (     
,*ri/1 & all miracles4 ,davis also told 
me t he _h talk$ ) ,l9coln on ^!        
subjects hundr$s ( times4  ,i 0 well    

acqua9t$ ) ,col4 ,w>d ,h4 ,lamon & _h _m
 conv]sations ) him ab\t ,mr4 ,l9coln's 
religi\s belief1 be=e & aft] he wrote 8 
life ( ,l9coln4 ,he told me t he _h told
 ! exact tru? 9 8 life ( ,l9coln1 t     
,l9coln nev] did believe 9 ! ,bible1 or 
9 ! div9ity ( ,*ri/1 or 9 ! dogma (     
et]nal pa92 t ,l9coln 0 a ,free?9k]4  ,=
 _m ye>s ,i 0 well acqua9t$ ) ! ,hon4   
,jesse ,w4 ,fell1 "o ( ,l9coln's w>me/  
fri5ds4 ,mr4 ,fell (t5 came to my h\se &
 we _h _m talks ab\t ! religi\s belief (
 ,mr4 ,l9coln4 ,mr4 ,fell told me t     
,l9coln did n believe 9 ! inspiration ( 
! ,scriptures1 & t he d5i$ ! div9ity (  
,jesus ,*ri/4 ,mr4 ,fell 0 v lib]al 9 8 
own ideas1 a great admir] ( ,!odore     
,p>k] & a p]fectly s9c]e & honorable    
man4  ,= sev]al ye>s ,i 0 well acqua9t$ 
) ,william ,g4 ,gre51 :o 0 a cl]k )     
,l9coln at ,new ,salem 9 ! e>ly days1 & 
:o admir$ & lov$ ,l9coln ) all 8 he>t4  
,gre5 told me t ,l9coln 0 always an     
,infidel1 & t he _h he>d him argue aga9/
 ! ,bible hundr$s ( times4 ,mr4 ,gre5   

knew ,l9coln1 & knew him well1 up to !  
"t ( ,l9coln's dea?4  ,! ,hon4 ,james   
,tuttle ( ,ill9ois 0 a great fri5d (    
,l9coln1 & he is1 if liv+1 a fri5d (    
m9e1 & ,i am a fri5d ( 84 ,he knew      
,l9coln well = _m ye>s1 & he told me    
aga9 & aga9 t ,l9coln 0 an ,infidel4    
,mr4 ,tuttle is a ,free?9k] himself &   
has always enjoy$ ! respect ( 8         
neighbors4 ,a man ) pur] motives does n 
live4  ,s ,i place great reliance on !  
te/imony ( ,col4 ,john ,g4 ,nicolay4    
,six weeks aft] ,mr4 ,l9coln's dea?     
,colonel ,nicolay said t he did n 9 any 
way *ange 8 religi\s ideas1 op9ions or  
belief f ! "t he left ,spr+field until !
 day ( 8 dea?4  ,9 addition to all said 
by ! p]sons ,i h m5tion$1 ,mrs4 ,l9coln 
said t h] husb& 0 n a ,*ri/ian4 ,!re are
 _m o!r witnesses ^u ?is "q ^: te/imony 
c be f\nd 9 a book entitl$ ,abraham     
,l9coln1 0 he a ,*ri/ian8 writt5 by     
,john ,e4 ,remsburg1 & publi%$ 9 #ahic4 
,9 t book w be f\nd all ! evid5ce on bo?
 sides4 ,mr4 ,remsburg /ates ! case )   

great cle>ness & demon/rates t ,l9coln 0
 n a ,*ri/ian4  ,n[1 :at is a ,*ri/ian8 
,fir/4 ,he is a believ] 9 ! exi/5ce (   
,god1 ! ,creator & ,gov]nor ( !         
,univ]se4  ,second4 ,he believes 9 !    
inspiration ( ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5ts4  
,?ird4 ,he believes 9 ! miracul\s bir? (
 ,jesus ,*ri/2 t ! ,holy ,gho/ 0 8 fa!r4
  ,f\r?4 ,he believes t ?is ,*ri/ 0 (f]$
 z a sacrifice = ! s9s ( m51 t he 0     
crucifi$1 dead & buri$1 t he arose f !  
dead & t he asc5d$ into heav54  ,fif?4  
,he believes 9 ! fall ( man1 9 ! s*eme (
 r$emption ?r\gh ! atonem5t4  ,six?4 ,he
 believes 9 salvation by fai?1 t ! few  
are to be et]nally happy1 & t ! _m are  
to be et]nally damn$4  ,sev5?4 ,he      
believes 9 ! ,tr9ity1 9 ,god ! ,fa!r1   
,god ! ,son & ,god ! ,holy ,gho/4  ,n[1 
is !re ! slighte/ evid5ce to %[ t       
,l9coln believ$ 9 ! inspiration ( ! ,old
 & ,new ,te/am5ts8  ,has anybody said t 
he 0 he>d to say t he s believ$8  ,does 
anybody te/ify t ,l9coln believ$ 9 !    
miracul\s bir? ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 t ! ,holy

 ,gho/ 0 ! fa!r or t ,*ri/ 0 or is ,god8
  ,has anybody te/ifi$ t ,l9coln believ$
 t ,*ri/ 0 rais$ f ! dead8  ,did anyone 
ev] he> him say t he believ$ 9 !        
asc5sion ( ,jesus ,*ri/8 ,did anyone ev]
 he> him ass]t t he believ$ 9 ! =giv5ess
 ( s9s1 or 9 salvation by fai?1 or t    
belief 0 a virtue & inve/igation a      
crime8  ,:]e1 !n1 is ! evid5ce t he 0 a 
,*ri/ian8  ,!re is ano!r reason = ?9k+ t
 ,l9coln nev] became a ,*ri/ian4  ,all w
 admit t he 0 an hone/ man1 t he dis*>g$
 all obligations p]ceiv$1 & did :at he  
believ$ to be 8 duty4 ,if he _h become a
 ,*ri/ian x 0 8 duty publicly to say s4 
,he 0 ,presid5t2 he _h ! e> ( ! nation2 
e citiz51 _h he spok51 w\ld h li/5$4 ,x 
0 8 duty to make a cle>1 explicit       
/atem5t ( 8 conv]sion1 & x 0 8 duty to  
jo9 "s or?odox *ur*1 & he %\ld h giv5 8 
reasons4 ,he %\ld h endeavor$ to rea* ! 
he>t & bra9 ( ! ,republic4 ,x 0 unmanly 
= him to keep 8 second bir? a secret &  
sneak into heav5 leav+ 8 old fri5ds to  
travel ! road to hell4  ,great pa9s h   

be5 tak5 to %[ t ,mr4 ,l9coln believ$ 91
 & wor%ip$ ! "o true ,god4 ,?is by _m is
 held to h be5 8 greate/ virtue1 !      
f\ndation ( 8 "*1 & yet1 ! ,god he      
wor%ip$1 ! ,god to :om he pray$1 all[$  
him to be assass9at$4  ,is x possible t 
,god w n protect 8 fri5ds8              
,,organiz$ ,,*>ities4  ,i ,,h no great  
confid5ce 9 organiz$ *>ities4 ,money is 
left & build+s are erect$ & s9ecures    
provid$ = a good _m wor?less p4 ,^? 9   
imm$iate control are almo/1 or :5 !y 7  
appo9t$ 7 almo/1 9 want !mselves1 & !y  
naturally hate o!r begg>s4  ,!y reg>d   
p]sons :o ask assi/ance z _! enemies4   
,!re is an old /ory ( a tramp :o begg$ a
 breakfa/4 ,aft] breakfa/ ano!r tramp   
came to ! same place to beg 8 breakfa/1 
& ! fir/ tramp ) bl[s & curses drove him
 away1 say+ at ! same "t3 ,i expect to  
get d9n] "h myself4  ,?is is ! g5]al    
attitude ( begg> t[>d begg>4  ,ano!r    
tr\ble ) organiz$ *>ities is ! ma*9]y1 !
 v>i\s me?ods !y h adopt$ to prev5t :at 
!y call fraud4 ,!y are exce$+ly anxi\s t

 ! ne$y1 t ^? :o ask help1 :o h be5 )\t 
fault1 %all be att5d$ to1 _! rule       
app>5tly be+ to assi/ only ! un=tunate  
p]fect4  ,! tr\ble is t ,nature produces
 v few specim5s ( t k9d4 ,z a rule1 m5  
come to want on acc\nt ( _!             
imp]fections1 on acc\nt ( _! ignorance1 
on acc\nt ( _! vices1 & _! vices are    
born ( _! lack ( capacity1 ( _! want (  
bra94 ,9 o!r words1 !y are failures (   
,nature1 & ! fact t !y ne$ help is n _! 
own fault1 b ! fault ( _! con/ruction1  
_! surr\nd+s4  ,v few p h ! opportunity 
( select+ _! p>5ts1 & x is exce$+ly     
difficult 9 ! matt] ( gr&p>5ts4         
,consequ5tly1 ,i d n hold p responsible 
= h]$it>y t5d5cies1 traits & vices4     
,nei!r d ,i praise !m = hav+ h]$it>y    
virtues4  ,a man go+ to "o ( ^! v>i\s   
*>itable e/abli%m5ts is cross-exam9$4   
,he mu/ give 8 biography4 ,& aft] he has
 answ]$ all ! sup]cili\s1 impud5t       
que/ions1 he is ask$ = ref]5ces4  ,!n ! 
p ref]r$ to are s\ght out1 to f9d :e!r !
 /atem5ts made by ! applicant are true4 

,by ! "t ! ?+ is settl$ ! man :o ask$   
aid has ei!r gott5 x some:]e else or    
has1 9 ! language ( ! ,spirituali/s1    
pass$ ov] to ! o!r side4  ,( c\rse ?is  
does n tr\ble ! p]sons 9 *>ge ( !       
organiz$ *>ities1 because _! sal>ies are
 go+ on4  ,z a rule1 ^! *>ities 7       
comm5c$ by ! be/ ( p4 ,"s g5]\s1        
philan?ropic man or woman gave a life to
 e/abli% a home1 x may be1 = ag$ wom51 =
 orphans1 = ! waifs ( ! pavem5ts4  ,^!  
g5]\s p1 fill$ ) ! _s ( *>ity1 rais$ a  
little money1 succe$$ 9 hir+ or erect+ a
 humble build+1 & ! money !y collect$1 s
 hone/ly giv51 !y hone/ly us$ to b9d up 
! w\nds & wipe away ! te>s ( !          
un=tunate1 & to save1 if possible1 "s :o
 _h be5 wreck$ on ! rocks & reefs (     
crime4  ,!n "s v ri* man dies :o _h no  
*>ity & :o w\ld n h left a doll> c\ld he
 h tak5 8 money ) him4 ,?is ri* man1 :o 
hat$ 8 relatives & ! p he actually knew1
 gives a l>ge sum ( money to "s p>ticul>
 *>ity--n t he _h any *>ity1 b because  
he want$ to be rememb]$ z a             

philan?ropi/4  ,!n ! organiz$ *>ity     
becomes ri*1 & ! ri*] ! mean]1 ! ri*] ! 
h>d] ( he>t & ! clos] ( fi/4  ,n[1 ,i   
believe t ,tr9ity ,*ur*1 9 ?is city1    
w\ld be call$ an organiz$ *>ity4 ,! *ur*
 0 />t$ to save1 if possible1 a few s\ls
 f et]nal torm5t1 & on ! plea ( sav+ ^! 
s\ls money 0 giv5 to ! *ur*4  ,f9ally ! 
*ur* became ri*4 ,x is n[ a l&lord--has 
_m build+s to r5t4 ,& if :at ,i he> is  
true !re is no h>d] l&lord 9 ! city (   
,new ,york4  ,s1 ,i h he>d x said (     
,dubl9 ,univ]sity1 t x is ab\t ! h>de/  
l&lord 9 ,irel&4  ,i ?9k y w f9d t all  
su* in/itutions try to collect ! v la/  
c5t1 &1 9 ! "n ( pity1 drive pity f _!  
he>ts4  ,i ?9k x is ,%akespe>e :o says1 
,pity drives out pity1 & he mu/ h _h    
organiz$ *>ities 9 8 m9d :5 he utt]$ ?is
 rem>k4 ,( c\rse a great _m really good 
& philan?ropic p leave va/ sums ( money 
to *>ities4  ,i f9d t x is sometimes v  
difficult to get an injur$ man1 or "o   
seiz$ ) "s sudd5 illness1 tak5 into a   
city hospital4 ,!re are s _m rules & s  

_m regulations1 s _m ?+s necess>y to be 
done1 t :ile ! rules are be+ compli$ ) !
 s\l ( ! sick or injur$ man1 we>y ( !   
wait+1 takes its flight4 ,& aft] ! man  
is dead1 ! doctors are k9d en\gh to     
c]tify t he di$ ( he>t failure4  ,s--9 a
 g5]al way--,i speak ( all ! asylums1 ( 
all ! homes = orphans4 ,:5 ,i see "o (  
^? build+s ,i feel t x is full ( petty  
tyranny1 ( :at might be call$ pi\s      
meanness1 dev\t deviltry1 :]e ! object  
is to break ! w ( e recipi5t ( public   
favor4  ,i may be all wrong4 ,i hope ,i 
am4 ,at ! same "t ,i fe> t ,i am some:]e
 ne> "r4  ,y may take our prisons2 !    
treatm5t ( prison]s is (t5 infam\s4 ,!  
,elmira ,re=matory is a wor?y successor 
( ! ,inquisition1 a disgrace1 9 my      
judgm5t1 to ! ,/ate ( ,new ,york1 to !  
civilization ( our day4 ,e little :ile  
some?+ comes to light %[+ ! cruelty1 !  
tyranny1 ! meanness1 ( ^! pr(essional   
di/ribut]s ( public *>ity--( ^! pr(ess$ 
re=m]s4  ,i "k t !y are visit$ n[ & !n  
by committees f ! ,legislature1 & ,i "k 

t ! keep]s ( ^! places "k :5 ! committee
 may be expect$4  ,i "k t ev]y?+ is     
sc\r$ & swept & burni%$ = ! occasion2 & 
,i "k t ! poor devils t h be5 abus$ or  
:ipp$ or />v$1 fe> to op5 _! m\?s1 kn[+ 
t if !y d !y may n be believ$ & t !y w  
be treat$ aft]w>d z ?\gh !y 7 wild      
bea/s4  ,i ?9k ^! public in/itutions    
ought to be op5 to inspection at all    
times4 ,i ?9k ! v be/ m5 ought to be put
 9 control ( !m4 ,i ?9k only ^? doctors 
:o h pass$1 & rec5tly pass$1 exam9ations
 z to _! fitness1 z to _! intellig5ce & 
pr(essional acquirem5ts1 ought to be put
 9 *>ge4  ,i d n ?9k t hospitals %\ld be
 places = "y doctors to practice saw+ (f
 ! arms & legs ( paup]s or hunt+ 9 !    
/oma*s ( old wom5 = tumors4 ,i ?9k only 
! skillful1 ! exp]i5c$1 %\ld be employ$ 
9 su* places4 ,nei!r d ,i ?9k hospitals 
%\ld be places :]e m$ic9e is di/ribut$  
by /ud5ts to ! poor4  ,ignorance is a   
poor doctor1 ev5 = ! poor1 & if we      
pret5d to be *>itable we ought to c>ry x
 out4  ,i w\ld l to see tyranny done    

away ) 9 prisons1 9 ! re=matories1 & 9  
all places "u ! gov]nm5t or sup]vision (
 ! ,/ate4  ,i w\ld l to h all corporal  
puni%m5t aboli%$1 & ,i w\ld also l to   
see ! money t is giv5 to *>ity di/ribut$
 by *>ity & by intellig5ce4 ,i hope all 
^! in/itutions w be ov]haul$4  ,i hope  
all places :]e p are pret5d+ to take c>e
 ( ! poor & = :i* !y collect money f !  
public1 w be visit$1 & w be visit$      
unexpect$ly & ! tru? told4  ,9 my       
judgm5t !re is "s bett] way4 ,i ?9k e   
hospital1 e asylum1 e home = waifs &    
orphans %\ld be support$ by taxation1 n 
by *>ity2 %\ld be "u ! c>e & control ( !
 ,/ate absolutely4  ,i d n believe 9 ^! 
in/itutions be+ manag$ by any individual
 or by any society1 religi\s or secul>1 
b by ! ,/ate4 ,i w\ld no m h hospitals &
 asylums dep5d on *>ity ?an ,i w\ld h ! 
public s*ool dep5d on volunt>y          
contributions4  ,i want ! s*ools        
support$ by taxation & to be controll$  
by ! ,/ate1 & ,i want ! hospitals &     
asylums & *>itable in/itutions f\nd$ &  

controll$ & c>ri$ on 9 ! same way4 ,let 
! prop]ty ( ! ,/ate d x4  ,let ^? pay ! 
taxes :o are able4 ,& let u d away =ev] 
) ! idea t to take c>e ( ! sick1 ( !    
helpless1 is a *>ity4 ,x is n a *>ity4  
,x is a duty4 ,x is some?+ to be done = 
our own sakes4 ,x is no m a *>ity ?an x 
is to pave or light ! /reets1 no m a    
*>ity ?an x is to h a sy/em ( sew]s4  ,x
 is all = ! purpose ( protect+ society &
 ( civiliz+ ourselves4     ,,spa9 ,,&   
,,! ,,spani>ds4   ,,spa9 has always be5 
exce$+ly religi\s & exce$+ly cruel4 ,t  
c\ntry _h an un=tunate exp]i5ce4 ,!     
,spani>ds f\ght ! ,moors = ab\t sev5    
hundr$ or eight hundr$ ye>s1 & dur+ t "t
 ,ca?olicism & patriotism became        
synonym\s4 ,!y 7 fight+ ! ,moslems4 ,x 0
 a religi\s w>4 ,= ?is reason !y became 
int5se 9 _! ,ca?olicism1 & !y 7 fe>ful t
 if !y %\ld grant ! lea/ concession to !
 ,moor1 ,god w\ld de/roy !m4 ,_! idea 0 
t ! only way to secure div9e aid 0 to h 
absolute fai?1 & ?is fai? 0 prov$ by _! 
hatr$ ( all ideas inconsi/5t ) _! own4  

,spa9 has be5 & is ! victim (           
sup]/ition4 ,! ,spani>ds expell$ !      
,jews1 :o at t "t repres5t$ a good deal 
( weal? & consid]able intellig5ce4 ,?is 
expulsion 0 *>act]iz$ by inf9ite        
brutality & by cruelties t words c n    
express4 ,!y drove out ! ,moors at la/4 
,n satisfi$ ) ?is1 !y drove out !       
,moriscoes4 ,^! 7 ,moors :o _h be5      
conv]t$ to ,ca?olicism4  ,! ,spani>ds1  
h[ev]1 _h no confid5ce 9 ! hone/y ( !   
conv]sion1 & = ! purpose ( ga9+ ! good w
 ( ,god1 !y drove !m out4 ,!y _h succe$$
 9 gett+ rid ( ,jews1 ,moors &          
,moriscoes2 t is to say1 ( ! intellig5ce
 & indu/ry ( ,spa94 ,no?+ 0 left b      
,spani>ds2 t is to say1 indol5ce1 pride1
 cruelty & inf9ite sup]/ition4 ,s ,spa9 
de/roy$ all fre$om ( ?\ght ?r\gh !      
,inquisition1 & = _m ye>s ! sky 0 livid 
) ! flames ( ! ,auto da fe2 ,spa9 0 busy
 c>ry+ fagots to ! feet ( philosophy1   
busy 9 burn+ p = ?9k+1 = inve/igat+1 =  
express+ hone/ op9ions4 ,! result 0 t a 
great d>kness settl$ ov] ,spa91 pi]c$ by

 no /> & %one ^u by no ris+ sun4  ,at "o
 "t ,spa9 0 ! greate/ ( p[]s1 own] (    
half ! _w1 & n[ %e has only a few isl&s1
 ! small *ange ( h] great =tune1 ! few  
p5nies 9 ! almo/ empty purse1 s\v5irs ( 
dep>t$ weal?1 ( vani%$ greatness4 ,n[   
,spa9 is bankrupt1 bankrupt n only 9    
purse1 b 9 ! high] faculties ( ! m9d1 a 
nation )\t progress1 )\t ?\ght2 /ill    
devot$ to bull fights & sup]/ition1 /ill
 try+ to affright contagi\s diseases by 
religi\s processions4 ,spa9 is a "p ( ! 
m$iaeval ages1 belongs to an anci5t     
g5]ation4 ,x really has no place 9 !    
n9ete5? c5tury4  ,spa9 has always be5   
cruel4 ,s4 ,s4 ,pr5tice1 _m ye>s ago1   
speak+ ( ,spa9 said3 ,on ! %ore (       
discov]y x leap$ an arm$ robb]1 & s\ght 
= gold ev5 9 ! ?roats ( its victims4 ,! 
bloodie/ pages 9 ! hi/ory ( ?is _w h be5
 writt5 by ,spa94 ,spa9 9 ,p]u1 9       
,mexico1 ,spa9 9 ! l[ c\ntries--all     
possible cruelties come back to ! m9d :5
 we say ,philip ,,ii41 :5 we say ! ,duke
 ( ,alva1 :5 we pron\nce ! names (      

,f]d9& & ,isabella4 ,spa9 has inflict$ e
 torture1 has practic$ e cruelty1 has   
be5 guilty ( e possible outrage4 ,!re   
has be5 no break betwe5 ,torquemada &   
,weyl]1 betwe5 ! ,inquisition & !       
infamies committ$ 9 ,cuba4  ,:5         
,columbus f\nd ,cuba1 ! orig9al         
inhabitants 7 ! k9de/ & g5tle/ ( p4 ,!y 
practic$ no inhuman rites1 !y 7 good1   
cont5t$ p4 ,! ,spani>ds enslav$ !m or   
s\ght to enslave !m4 ,! p ris+1 !y 7    
hunt$ ) dogs1 !y 7 tortur$1 !y 7 murd]$1
 & f9ally ext]m9at$4 ,?is 0 ! comm5cem5t
 ( ,spani% rule on ! isl& ( ,cuba4 ,!   
same _s is 9 ,spa9 to-day t 0 9 ,spa9   
!n4 ,! idea is n to conciliate1 b to    
co]ce1 n to treat ju/ly1 b to rob &     
enslave4 ,no ,spani>d reg>ds a ,cuban z 
hav+ equal rights ) himself4 ,he looks  
^u ! isl& z prop]ty1 & ^u ! p z a "p ( t
 prop]ty1 bo? equally belong+ to ,spa94 
,spa9 has kept no promises made to !    
,cubans & nev] w4 ,at la/ ! ,cubans "k  
exactly :at ,spa9 is1 & !y h made up _! 
m9ds to be free or to be ext]m9at$4 ,!re

 is no?+ 9 hi/ory to equal ! atrocities 
& outrages t h be5 p]petrat$ by ,spa9 ^u
 ,cuba4 ,:at ,spa9 does n[1 all "k is   
only a repetition ( :at ,spa9 has done1 
& ?is is a prophecy ( :at ,spa9 w d if  
%e has ! p[]4  ,s f> z ,i am conc]n$1 ,i
 h no idea t !re is to be any w> betwe5 
,spa9 & ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,a c\ntry t c't
 conqu] ,cuba1 c]ta9ly has no v flatt]+ 
*ance ( ov]:elm+ ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,a man
 t _c :ip "o ( 8 own boys is fooli% :5  
he ?reat5s to clean out ! :ole          
neighborhood4 ,( c\rse1 !re is "s wisdom
 ev5 9 ,spa91 & ! ,spani>ds :o "k any?+ 
( ?is c\ntry "k t x w\ld be absolute    
madness & ! utmo/ extreme ( folly to    
attack u4 ,i believe 9 treat+ ev5 ,spa9 
) p]fect fairness4 ,i feel ab\t ! c\ntry
 z ,burns did ab\t ! ,devil3 ,o wad ye  
tak' a ?\ght an' m5d6 ,i "k t nations1 l
 p1 d z !y mu/1 & ,i reg>d ,spa9 z !    
victim & result ( conditions1 ! fruit ( 
a tree t 0 plant$ by ignorance & wat]$  
by sup]/ition4  ,i believe t ,cuba is to
 be free1 & ,i want t isl& to give a new

 flag to ! air1 :e!r x ev] becomes a "p 
( ! ,unit$ ,/ates or n4 ,my sympa?ies   
are all ) ^? :o are /ruggl+ = _! rights1
 try+ to get ! clut* ( tyranny f _!     
?roats2 = ^? :o are def5d+ _! homes1 _! 
firesides1 aga9/ tyrants & robb]s4      
,:e!r ! ,ma9e 0 bl[n up by ! ,spani>ds  
is /ill a "q4 ,i suppose x w soon be    
decid$4 ,9 my own op9ion1 ! disa/] came 
f ! outside1 b ,i d n "k1 & n kn[+1 ,i  
am will+ to wait = ! sake ( human       
nature4 ,i s9c]ely hope t x 0 an        
accid5t4 ,i hate to ?9k t !re are p base
 & cruel en\gh to commit su* an act4    
,/ill1 ,i ?9k t all ^! matt]s w be      
settl$ )\t w>4  ,i am 9 favor ( an      
int]national c\rt1 ! memb]s to be       
select$ by ! rul+ nations ( ! _w2 & be=e
 ?is c\rt ,i ?9k all que/ions betwe5    
nations %\ld be decid$1 & ! only army & 
! only navy %\ld be "u its direction1 & 
us$ only = ! purpose ( en=c+ its        
decrees4 ,7 !re su* a c\rt n[1 be=e :i* 
,cuba c\ld appe> & tell ! /ory ( h]     
wrongs1 ( ! murd]s1 ! assass9ations1 !  

trea*]y1 ! />v+s1 ! cruelty1 ,i ?9k t ! 
decision w\ld in/antly be 9 h] favor & t
 ,spa9 w\ld be driv5 f ! isl&4 ,until   
!re is su* a c\rt !re is no ne$ ( talk+ 
ab\t ! _w be+ civiliz$4  ,i am n a      
,*ri/ian1 b ,i d believe 9 ! religion ( 
ju/ice1 ( k9dness4 ,i believe 9         
humanity4 ,i d believe t usefulness is !
 highe/ possible =m ( wor%ip4 ,! useful 
man is ! good man1 ! useful man is !    
real sa9t4 ,i c>e no?+ ab\t sup]natural 
my?s & my/]ies1 b ,i d c>e = human be+s4
 ,i h a little %ort cre$ ( my own1 n v  
h>d to und]/&1 t has 9 x no             
contradictions1 & x is ?is3 ,happ9ess is
 ! only good4 ,! "t to be happy is n[4  
,! place to be happy is "h4 ,! way to be
 happy is to make o!rs s4  ,i ?9k ?is   
cre$ if adopt$1 w\ld d away ) w>4 ,i ?9k
 x w\ld de/roy sup]/ition1 & ,i ?9k x   
w\ld civilize ev5 ,spa94     ,,our ,,new
 ,,possessions4   ,,z ,i und]/& x1 !    
,unit$ ,/ates w5t into ?is w> aga9/     
,spa9 9 ! cause ( fre$om4 ,= ?ree ye>s  
,spa9 has be5 endeavor+ to conqu] ^! p4 

,! means employ$ 7 savage4 ,hundr$s (   
?\s&s 7 />v$4 ,yet ! ,cubans1 ) great   
h]oism1 7 cont9u+ ! /ruggle4 ,9 spite ( 
_! burn$ homes1 _! wa/$ fields1 _! dead 
comrades1 ! ,cubans 7 n conqu]$ & /ill  
wag$ w>4 ,"u ^? circum/ances we said to 
,spa91 ,y mu/ )draw f ! ,we/]n ,_w4 ,!  
,cubans h ! "r to be free6 ,!y h be5    
robb$ & enslav$ by ,spani% (fic]s &     
soldi]s4 ,und\bt$ly !y 7 savages :5 fir/
 f\nd1 & und\bt$ly !y are worse n[ ?an  
:5 discov]$--m b>b>\s4 ,!y w\ldn't make 
v good citiz5s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 !y are
 probably incapable ( self-gov]nm5t1 b  
no p c be ignorant en\gh to be ju/ly    
robb$ or savage en\gh to be rightly     
enslav$4 ,i ?9k t we %\ld keep ! isl&s1 
n = our own sake1 b = ! sake ( ^! p4  ,x
 0 und]/ood & decl>$ at ! "t1 t we 7 n  
wag+ w> = ! sake ( t]ritory1 t we 7 n   
try+ to annex ,cuba1 b t we 7 mov$ by   
compassion--a compassion t became z /]n 
z ju/ice4 ,i did n ?9k at ! "t !re w\ld 
be w>4 ,i suppos$ t ! ,spani% p _h "s   
s5se1 t !y knew _! own condition & !    

condition ( ?is ,republic4 ,b !         
improbable happ5$1 & n[1 aft] !         
successes we h _h1 ! end ( ! w> appe>s  
to be 9 sight1 & ! "q arises3 ,:at %all 
we d ) ! ,spani% isl&s t we h tak5      
already1 or t we may take be=e peace    
comes8  ,( c\rse1 we c\ld n1 )\t        
/ultify+ ourselves & committ+ ! greate/ 
( crimes1 h& back ,cuba to ,spa94 ,b to 
d t w\ld be no m crim9al1 no m infam\s1 
?an to h& back ! ,philipp9es4 ,9 ^?     
isl&s !re are f eight to t5 millions (  
p4  ,z f> z ! ,philipp9es are conc]n$1  
,i ?9k t we %\ld endeavor to civilize   
!m1 & to d ?is we %\ld s5d tea*]s1 n    
prea*]s4 ,we %\ld n endeavor to give !m 
our sup]/ition 9 place ( ,spani%        
sup]/ition4 ,!y h _h sup]/ition en\gh4  
,!y don't ne$ *ur*es1 !y ne$ s*ools4 ,we
 %\ld tea* !m our arts2 h[ to cultivate 
! soil1 h[ to manufacture ! ?+s !y ne$4 
,9 o!r words1 we %\ld deal hone/ly ) !m1
 & try our be/ to make !m a             
self-support+ & a self-gov]n+ p4 ,!     
eagle %\ld spread its w+s ov] ^? isl&s =

 t & = no o!r purpose4 ,we c n af=d to  
give !m to o!r nations or to ?r[        
fragm5ts ( !m to ! wild bea/s ( ,europe4
 ,we c n say to ,russia1 ,y may h a "p1 
& to ,g]many1 ,y may h a %>e1 & to      
,france1 ,y take some?+1 & s divide out 
^! p z ?ieves divide plund]4 ,t we w    
nev] d4  ,!re is1 moreov]1 9 my m9d1 a  
little s5tim5t mix$ ) ?is matt]4 ,manila
 ,bay has be5 fill$ ) ,am]ican glory4   
,!re 0 won "o ( our greate/ triumphs1 "o
 ( ! greate/ naval victories ( ! _w--won
 by ,am]ican c\rage & g5ius4 ,we c n    
all[ any o!r nation to become ! own] ( !
 /age on :i* ?is ,am]ican drama 0 play$4
 ,i "k t we c be ( great assi/ance to ! 
inhabitants ( ! ,philipp9es4 ,i "k t we 
c be an unmix$ bless+ to !m1 & t is !   
only ambition ,i h 9 reg>d to ^? isl&s4 
,i w\ld no m ?9k ( h&+ !m back to ,spa9 
?an ,i w\ld ( but*]+ ! entire population
 9 cold blood4 ,spa9 is unfit to gov]n4 
,spa9 has always be5 a robb]4 ,%e has   
nev] made an ef=t to civilize a human   
be+4 ,! hi/ory ( ,spa91 ,i ?9k1 is !    

d>ke/ page 9 ! hi/ory ( ! _w4  ,at !    
same "t ,i h a k9d ( pity = ! ,spani% p4
 ,i feel t !y h be5 victims--victims (  
sup]/ition4 ,_! blood has be5 suck$1 _! 
en]gies h be5 wa/$ & misdirect$1 & !y   
excite my sympa?ies4 ,( c\rse1 !re are  
_m good ,spani>ds1 good m51 good wom54  
,c]v]a appe>s to be a civiliz$ man1 a   
g5tleman1 & ,i feel oblig$ to him = 8   
treatm5t ( ,hobson4 ,! great mass ( !   
,spani>ds1 h[ev]1 mu/ be exce$+ly       
ignorant4 ,_! s-call$ lead]s d>e n tell 
!m ! tru? ab\t ! progress ( ?is w>4 ,!y 
seem to be afraid to /ate ! facts4 ,!y  
always comm5ce ) a lie1 !n *ange x a    
little1 !n *ange x a little m1 & may be 
at la/ tell ! tru?4 ,!y nev] seem to d>e
 to tell ! tru? at fir/1 if ! tru? is   
bad4 ,!y put me 9 m9d ( ! /ory ( a man  
telegraph+ to a wife ab\t ! condition ( 
h] husb&4 ,! fir/ dispat* 01 ,y\r husb& 
is well1 nev] bett]4 ,! second 01 ,y\r  
husb& is sick1 b n v4 ,! ?ird 01 ,y\r   
husb& is mu* worse1 b we /ill h hope4 ,!
 f\r? 01 ,y may z well "k ! tru?--we    

buri$ y\r husb& ye/]day4 ,t is ab\t !   
way ! ,spani% p get _! w> news4  ,t is  
:y x may be incorrect to assume t peace 
is com+ quickly4 ,if ! ,spani>ds 7 a    
normal p1 :o act$ z o!r folks d1 we     
might prophesy a spe$y peace1 b nobody  
has prophetic vision en\gh to tell :at  
su* a p w d4 ,9 spite ( all appe>ances1 
& all our successes1 & ( all s5se1 ! w> 
may drag on4 ,b ,i hope n1 n only = our 
own sake1 b = ! sake ( ! ,spani>ds      
!mselves4 ,i c't help ?9k+ ( ! poor     
peasants :o w be kill$1 nei!r c ,i help 
?9k+ ( ! poor peasants :o w h to toil = 
_m ye>s on ! melan*oly fields ( ,spa9 to
 pay ! co/ ( ?is w>4 ,i am sorry = !m1 &
 ,i am sorry also = ! wid[s & orphans1 &
 no "o w be m delight$ :5 peace comes4  
,! argum5t has be5 advanc$ 9 ! ,national
 ,s5ate & else:]e1 t ! ,f$]al           
,con/itution makes no provision = !     
hold+ ( colonies or dep5d5cies1 su* z ! 
,philipp9es w\ld be2 t we c only acquire
 !m z t]ritories1 & ev5tually mu/ take  
!m 9 z ,/ates1 ) _! population ( mix$ & 

inf]ior races4 ,t is h>dly an effective 
argum5t4  ,:5 ?is c\ntry 0 an infant1   
/ill 9 its cradle1 ,george ,wa%+ton gave
 ! *ild "s v good advice2 told him to   
bew>e ( entangl+ alliances1 to /ay at   
home & att5d to 8 own bus9ess4 ,"u !    
circum/ances ?is 0 all v good4 ,b !     
infant has be5 gr[+1 & ! ,republic is n[
 "o ( ! mo/ p[]ful nations 9 ! _w1 &    
yet1 f its infant days until n[1 good1  
cons]vative p h be5 repeat+ ! advice (  
,wa%+ton4 ,x 0 repeat$ aga9 & aga9 :5 we
 7 talk+ ab\t pur*as+ ,l\isiana1 & _m   
,s5ators & ,congressm5 became hy/]ical &
 pr$ict$ ! fall ( ! ,republic if t 0    
done4 ,! same ?+ took place :5 we       
pur*as$ ,florida1 & aga9 :5 we got "o   
million squ>e miles f ,mexico1 & /ill   
aga9 :5 we b\ght ,alaska4 ,^! ideas ab\t
 violat+ ! ,con/itution & wreck+ !      
,republic 7 promulgat$ by our great &   
wise /atesm5 on all ^! previ\s          
occasions1 b1 aft] all1 ! ,con/itution  
seems to h borne ! /ra94 ,!re seems to  
be z mu* lib]ty n[ z !re 0 !n1 &1 9     

fact1 a great deal m4 ,our ,t]ritories h
 giv5 u no tr\ble1 :ile !y h greatly    
add$ to our population & va/ly increas$ 
our weal?4  ,beside ?is1 ! /atesm5 ( !  
old5 "t1 ! wise m5 ) :om wisdom 0       
suppos$ to h p]i%$1 c\ld n & did n      
imag9e ! improvem5ts t w\ld take place  
aft] !y 7 gone4 ,9 _! "t1 practically   
speak+1 x 0 f>!r f ,new ,york to        
,buffalo ?an x is n[ f ,new ,york to    
,san ,francisco1 & s f> z !             
transportation ( intellig5ce is conc]n$1
 ,san ,francisco is z ne> ,new ,york z x
 w\ld h be5 9 _! day _h x be5 j across !
 ,h>lem ,riv]4 ,tak+ into consid]ation !
 railways1 ! telegraphs & ! telephones1 
?is c\ntry n[1 ) its area ( ?ree million
 five hundr$ ?\s& squ>e miles1 is n s   
l>ge z ! ?irte5 orig9al colonies 72 t is
 to say1 ! di/ances are m easily travel$
 & m easily ov]come4 ,9 ^? days x       
requir$ mon?s & mon?s to cross !        
cont95t4 ,n[ x is ! "w ( f\r or five    
days4  ,yet1 :5 we came to talk ab\t    
annex+ ! ,hawaiian ,isl&s1 ! advice (   

,george ,wa%+ton 0 aga9 repeat$1 & !    
old] ! ,s5ator ! fond] he 0 ( ?is       
advice4 ,^! ,s5ators _h ! idea t !      
,con/itution1 hav+ no?+ 9 favor ( x1 mu/
 conta9 some?+1 at lea/ 9 _s1 aga9/ x4  
,( c\rse1 our fa!rs _h no idea ( ! gr[? 
( ! ,republic4 ,we h1 because ) u x is a
 matt] ( exp]i5ce4 ,i don't see t       
,alaska has imp]il$ any ( ! lib]ties (  
,new ,york4 ,we ne$ n admit ,alaska z a 
,/ate unless x has a population entitl+ 
x to admission1 & we are n b\nd to take 
9 ! ,s&wi* ,isl&s until ! p are         
civiliz$1 until !y are fit companions ( 
free m5 & free wom54 ,x may be t a good 
_m ( our citiz5s w g to ! ,s&wi* ,isl&s1
 & t1 9 a %ort "t1 ! p !re w be ready to
 be admitt$ z a ,/ate4 ,all ?is !       
,con/itution c /&1 & 9 x !re is no dang]
 ( imp]ialism4  ,i believe 9 national   
gr[?4 ,z a rule1 ! prosp]\s f>m] wants  
to buy ! l& t adjo9s him1 & ,i ?9k a    
prosp]\s nation has ! ambition ( gr[?4  
,x is bett] to exp& ?an to %rivel2 &1 if
 our ,con/itution is too n>r[ to spread 

ov] ! t]ritory t we h ! c\rage to       
acquire1 :y we c make a broad] "o4 ,x is
 a v easy matt] to make a con/itution1 &
 no human happ9ess1 no prosp]ity1 no    
progress %\ld be sacrific$ = ! sake ( a 
piece ( pap] ) writ+ on x2 because !re  
is pl5ty ( pap] & pl5ty ( m5 to d !     
writ+1 & pl5ty ( p to say :at ! writ+   
%\ld be4 ,i take m int]e/ 9 p ?an ,i d 9
 con/itutions4 ,i reg>d con/itutions z  
second>y2 !y are means to an end1 b !   
de>1 old1 cons]vative g5tlem5 seem to   
reg>d con/itutions z ends 9 !mselves4   
,i h read :at ex-,presid5t ,clevel& _h  
to say on ?is important subject1 & ,i am
 happy to say t ,i entirely disagree )  
him4 ,s1 too1 ,i disagree ) ,s5ator     
,edmunds1 & ) ,mr4 ,bryan1 & ) ,s5ator  
,ho>1 & ) all ! o!r g5tlem5 :o wi% to   
/op ! gr[? ( ! ,republic4 ,i want x to  
gr[4  ,z to ! f9al de/9y ( ! isl&       
possessions won f ,spa91 my idea is t ! 
,philipp9e ,isl&s w f9ally be free1     
protect$1 x may be = a long "t1 by !    
,unit$ ,/ates4 ,i ?9k ,cuba w come to u 

= protection1 naturally1 &1 s f> z ,i am
 conc]n$1 ,i want ,cuba only :5 ,cuba   
wants u4 ,i ?9k t ,porto ,rico & "s ( ^?
 isl&s w belong p]man5tly to ! ,unit$   
,/ates1 & ,i believe ,cuba w f9ally     
become a "p ( our ,republic4  ,:5 !     
oppon5ts ( progress f\nd t !y c\ldn't   
make ! ,am]ican p take ! back track by  
hold+ up _! h&s ov] ! ,con/itution1 !y  
dragg$ 9 ! ,monroe doctr9e4 ,:5 we      
conclud$ n to all[ ,spa9 any long] to   
enslave h] coloni/s1 or ! p :o _h be5 h]
 coloni/s1 9 ! ,new ,_w1 t 0 a v humane 
& wise resolve1 & x 0 /rictly 9 accord )
 ! ,monroe doctr9e4 ,= ! purpose (      
conqu]+ ,spa91 we attack$ h] fleet 9    
,manila ,bay1 & de/roy$ x4 ,i c n       
conceive h[ t action ( ours c be twi/$  
into a violation ( ! ,monroe doctr9e4 ,!
 mo/ t c be said is1 t x is an ext5sion 
( t doctr9e1 & t we are n[ say+ to      
,spa91 ,y %all n enslave1 y %all n rob1 
any:]e t we h ! p[] to prev5t x4  ,hav+ 
tak5 ! ,philipp9es1 ! same humanity t   
dictat$ ! decl>ation ( :at is call$ !   

,monroe doctr9e1 w =ce u to act !re 9   
accordance ) ! _s ( t doctr9e4 ,! o!r   
day ,i saw 9 ! pap] an extract1 ,i ?9k1 
f ,goldw9 ,smi?1 9 :i* he says t if we 7
 to bomb>d ,cadiz we w\ld give up !     
,monroe doctr9e4 ,i d n see !           
application4 ,we are at w> ) ,spa91 & we
 h a "r to invade t c\ntry1 & ! invasion
 w\ld h no?+ :atev] to d ) ! ,monroe    
doctr9e4 ,w> be+ decl>$1 we h ! "r to d 
any?+ consi/5t ) civiliz$ w>f>e to ga9 !
 victory4 ,! bomb>dm5t ( ,cadiz w\ld h  
no m to d ) ! ,monroe doctr9e ?an ) !   
attraction ( gravitation4 ,if1 by !     
,monroe doctr9e is meant t we h agre$ to
 /ay 9 ?is hemisph]e1 & to prev5t o!r   
nations f int]f]+ ) any p on ?is        
hemisph]e1 & if x is said t1 gr[+ out ( 
?is1 is ano!r doctr9e1 namely1 t we are 
pl$g$ n to int]f]e ) any p liv+ on ! o!r
 hemisph]e1 !n x might be call$ a       
violation ( ! ,monroe doctr9e = u to    
bomb>d ,cadiz4 ,b su* is n ! ,monroe    
doctr9e4 ,if1 we be+ at w> ) ,engl&1 %e 
%\ld bomb>d ! city ( ,new ,york1 or we  

%\ld bomb>d "s city ( ,engl&1 w\ld      
anybody say t ei!r nation _h violat$ !  
,monroe doctr9e8 ,i d n see h[ t doctr9e
 is involv$1 :e!r we fight at sea or on 
! t]ritory ( ! enemy4  ,?is is ! fir/   
w>1 s f> z ,i "k1 9 ! hi/ory ( ! _w t   
has be5 wag$ absolutely 9 ! int]e/ (    
humanity2 ! only w> born ( pity1 (      
sympa?y2 & = t reason ,i h tak5 a deep  
int]e/ 9 x1 & ,i mu/ say t ,i 0 greatly 
a/oni%$ by ! victory ( ,admiral ,dewey 9
 ,manila ,bay4 ,i ?9k x "o ( ! mo/      
wond]ful 9 ! hi/ory ( ! _w1 & ,i ?9k all
 t ,dewey has done %[s cle>ly t he is a 
man ( ?\ght1 ( c\rage & ( g5ius4 ,s1    
too1 ! victory ov] ! fleet ( ,c]v]a by  
,commodore ,s*ley1 is "o ( ! mo/ m>vel\s
 & ! mo/ brilliant 9 all ! annals ( !   
_w4 ,! m>ksman%ip1 ! c\rage1 ! absolute 
precision ) :i* ev]y?+ 0 done1 is to my 
m9d a/oni%+4 ,nei!r %\ld we =get        
,wa9wright's h]oic exploit1 z comm&] ( !
 ,gl\ce/]1 by :i* he demon/rat$ t torp$o
 de/roy]s h no t]rors = a ya*t mann$ by 
,am]ican pluck4 ,manila ,bay & ,santiago

 bo? are surpass+ly wond]ful4 ,!re are  
no words ) :i* to describe su*          
de$s--de$s t leap l flames above ! cl\ds
 & glorify ! :ole heav5s4  ,! ,spani% h 
%[n 9 ?is conte/ t !y possess c\rage1 & 
!y h display$ :at y might call ! h]oism 
( desp]ation1 b ! ,anglo-,saxon has     
c\rage & coolness--c\rage n bl9d$ by    
passion1 c\rage t is ! absolute s]vant (
 intellig5ce4 ,! ,anglo-,saxon has a    
fix$ness ( purpose t is nev] int]f]$ )  
by feel+2 he does n become enrag$--he   
becomes firm1 unyield+1 8 m9d is        
absolutely made up1 clasp$1 lock$1 & he 
c>ries out 8 w4 ,) ! ,spani>d x is      
excitem5t1 n]v\sness2 he becomes        
frantic4 ,i ?9k ?is w> has %[n !        
sup]iority1 n simply ( our %ips1 or our 
armor1 or our guns1 b ! sup]iority ( our
 m51 ( our (fic]s1 ( our gunn]s4 ,!     
c\rage ( our army ab\t ,santiago 0      
spl5did1 ! /ead9ess & brav]y ( !        
volunte]s magnific5t4 ,i ?9k t :at has  
already be5 done has giv5 u ! admiration
 ( ! civiliz$ _w4  ,i "k1 ( c\rse1 t "s 

c\ntries hate u4 ,g]many is fill$ )     
malice1 & has be5 j on ! crumbl+ edge ( 
meanness = mon?s1 wi%+ b n d>+ to       
int]f]e2 hateful1 ho/ile1 b keep+ j )9 !
 ov]t act4 ,we c\ld tea* ,g]many a      
lesson & h] %ips w\ld g d[n be=e ours j 
! same z ! ,spani% %ips h done4         
,sometimes ,i h almo/ wi%$ t a ho/ile   
,g]man %ot might be fir$4 ,b ,i ?9k we w
 get ev5 ) ,g]many & ) ,france--at lea/ 
,i hope s4  ,& !re is ano!r ?+ ,i       
hope--t ! good feel+ n[ exi/+ betwe5    
,engl& & ! ,unit$ ,/ates may be et]nal4 
,9 o!r words1 ,i hope x w be to !       
int]e/s ( bo? to be fri5ds4 ,i ?9k !    
,engli%-speak+ peoples are to rule ?is  
_w4 ,!y are ! k+s ( inv5tion1 (         
manufactures1 ( comm]ce1 ( adm9i/ration1
 & !y h a high] conception ( human      
lib]ty ?an any o!r p4 ,( c\rse1 !y are n
 entirely free2 !y /ill h "s ( ! rags & 
tatt]s & ravel+s ( sup]/ition2 b !y are 
tatt]s & !y are rags & !y are ravel+s1 &
 ! p "k x4 ,&1 besides all ?is1 !       
,engli% language holds ! greate/        

lit]ature ( ! _w4     ,a ,,few          
,,fragm5ts ,,on ,,expansion4   ,a       
,,nation rises f infancy to manhood &   
s9ks f dotage to dea?4 ,i ?9k t ! great 
,republic is 9 ! morn+ ( h] life--! sun 
j above ! horizon--! grass /ill wet )   
dew4  ,our c\ntry has ! c\rage &        
en?usiasm ( y\?--h] blood fl[s full--h] 
he>t beats /rong & h] br[ is fair4 ,we  
/& on ! ?re%old ( a great1 a sublime    
c>e]4 ,all ! conditions are favorable--!
 environm5t k9d4 ,! be/ "p ( ?is        
hemisph]e is ours4 ,we h a ?\s& million 
acres ( f]tile l&1 va/ =e/s1 :ole ,/ates
 und]laid ) coal2 ranges ( m\nta9s fill$
 ) iron1 silv] & gold1 & we h           
sev5ty-five millions ( ! mo/ en]getic1  
active1 inv5tive1 progressive &         
practical p 9 ! _w4 ,! great ,republic  
is a happy comb9ation ( m9d & muscle1 ( 
head & he>t1 ( c\rage & good nature4 ,we
 are gr[+4 ,we h ! in/9ct ( expansion4  
,we are full ( life & heal?4 ,we are    
ab\t to take our rightful place at !    
head ( ! nations4 ,! great p[]s h be5   

/ruggl+ to obta9 m>kets4 ,!y are fight+ 
= ! trade ( ! ,ea/4 ,!y are cont5d+ =   
,*9a4 ,we wat*$1 b we did n act4 ,!y    
paid no att5tion to u or we to !m4      
,conditions h *ang$4 ,we own ! ,hawaiian
 ,isl&s4 ,we w own ! ,philipp9es4       
,japan & ,*9a w be our neighbors--our   
cu/om]s4 ,our int]e/s mu/ be protect$4  
,9 ,*9a we want ! op5 door1 & we w see  
to x t ! door is kept op54 ,! nation t  
tries to %ut x1 w get its f+]s p9*$4 ,we
 h taught ! ,old ,_w t ! ,republic mu/  
be consult$4 ,we h ent]$ on ! great     
highway1 & we are de/9$ to become ! mo/ 
p[]ful1 ! mo/ successful & ! mo/ g5]\s (
 nations4 ,i am = expansion4 ,! m p     
b5ea? ! flag ! bett]4 ,let ! ,republic  
gr[44   ,i ,,believe 9 gr[?4 ,( c\rse   
!re are _m moss-back cons]vatives :o fe>
 expansion4 ,?\s&s oppos$ ! pur*ase (   
,l\isiana f ,napoleon1 ?\s&s 7 aga9/ !  
acquisition ( ,florida & ( ! va/        
t]ritory we obta9$ f ,mexico4 ,s1 ?\s&s 
7 aga9/ ! pur*ase ( ,alaska1 & "s de>   
old mummies oppos$ ! annexation ( !     

,s&wi* ,isl&s1 & yet1 ,i d n believe t  
!re is an intellig5t ,am]ican :o w\ld l 
to "p ) "o acre t has be5 acquir$ by !  
,gov]nm5t4 ,n[1 !re are "s timid1 )]$   
/atesm5 :o d n want ,porto ,rico--:o beg
 u 9 a trembl+1 patriotic voice n to    
keep ! ,philipp9es4 ,b ! s5sible p feel 
exactly ! o!r way4 ,!y love to see our  
bord]s ext5d$4 ,!y love to see ! flag   
float+ ov] ! isl&s ( ! tropics1--%[]+   
its bless+s ^u ! poor p :o h be5 robb$ &
 tortur$ by ! ,spani%4 ,let ! ,republic 
gr[6 ,let u spread ! gospel ( ,fre$om6  
,9 a few ye>s ,i hope t ,canada w be    
ours--,i want ,mexico--9 o!r words1 ,i  
want all ( ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,i want to see
 our flag wav+ f ! ,nor? ,pole4  ,i ?9k 
x 0 a mi/ake to appo9t a peace          
commission4 ,! ,presid5t %\ld h dem&$ ! 
unconditional surr5d] ( ,cuba1 ,porto   
,rico & ! ,philipp9es4 ,spa9 0 helpless4
 ,! w> w\ld h end$ on our t]ms1 & all   
?is commission nons5se w\ld h be5 sav$4 
,/ill1 ,i make no compla9t4 ,x w        
probably come out "r1 ?\gh x w\ld h be5 

f> bett] to h end$ ! bus9ess :5 we      
c\ld--:5 ,spa9 0 pro/rate4 ,x 0 fooli%  
to let h] get up & cat* h] brea? & hunt 
= fri5ds4  ,,only a few days ago our    
,presid5t1 by proclamation1 ?ank$ ,god =
 giv+ u ! victory at ,santiago4 ,he did 
n ?ank him = s5d+ ! yell[ fev]4 ,to be  
consi/5t ! ,presid5t %\ld h ?ank$ him   
equally = bo?4 ,man %\ld ?9k2 he %\ld   
use all 8 s5ses2 he %\ld exam9e2 he %\ld
 reason4 ,! man :o _c ?9k is less ?an   
man2 ! man :o w n ?9k is a traitor to   
himself2 ! man :o fe>s to ?9k is        
sup]/ition's slave4 ,i d n ?ank ,god = !
 spl5did victory 9 ,manila ,bay4 ,i     
don't "k :e!r he _h any?+ to d ) x2 if  
,i f9d out t he did ,i w ?ank him       
readily4 ,mean:ile1 ,i w ?ank ,admiral  
,george ,dewey & ! brave fell[s :o 7 )  
him4  ,i d n ?ank ,god = ! de/ruction ( 
,c]v]a's fleet at ,santiago4 ,no1 ,i    
?ank ,s*ley & ! m5 ) ! tra9$ eyes & !   
n]ves ( /eel1 :o /ood beh9d ! guns4 ,i d
 n ?ank ,god because we won ! battle (  
,santiago4 ,i ?ank ! ,regul> ,army1     

black & :ite--! ,volunte]s--! ,r\gh     
,rid]s1 & all ! m5 :o made ! gr& *>ge at
 ,san ,juan ,hill4 ,i h ask$1 ,:y %\ld  
,god help u to :ip ,spa98 & h be5       
answ]$3 ,= ! sake ( ! ,cubans1 :o h be5 
cru%$ & ill-treat$ by _! ,spani% ma/]s4 
,!n :y did n ,god help ! ,cubans long   
be=e8 ,c]ta9ly1 !y 7 fight+ long en\gh &
 ne$$ 8 help badly en\gh4 ,b1 ,i am     
told1 ,god's ways are inscrutable4      
,suppose ,spa9 _h :ipp$ u2 w\ld !       
,*ri/ians !n say t ,god did x8 ,v likely
 !y w\ld1 & w\ld h z an excuse1 t we    
broke ! ,sabba? ) our base-ball1 our    
bicycles & bloom]s4     ,,is ,,x ,,ev]  
,,"r ,,= ,,husb& ,,or ,,wife ,,to ,,kill
 ,,rival8   ,,h[ f> %\ld a husb& or wife
 g 9 def5d+ ! sanctity ( home8  ,is x "r
 = ! husb& to kill ! p>am\r ( 8 wife8   
,is x "r = ! wife to kill ! p>am\r ( h] 
husb&8  ,^! ?ree que/ions are 9 sub/ance
 "o1 & "o answ] w be suffici5t = all4   
,9 ! fir/ place1 we %\ld h an und]/&+ ( 
! real relation t exi/s1 or %\ld exi/1  
betwe5 husb& & wife4  ,! real good      

or?odox p1 ^? :o admire ,/4 ,paul1 look 
^u ! wife z ! prop]ty ( ! husb&4 ,he    
owns1 n only h] body1 b h] v s\l4 ,?is  
be+ ! case1 no o!r man has ! "r to /eal 
or try to /eal ?is prop]ty4 ,! own] has 
! "r to def5d 8 possession1 ev5 to !    
dea?4 ,9 ! old5 "t ! husb& 0 nev] reg>d$
 z ! prop]ty ( ! wife4 ,%e _h a claim on
 him = support1 & !re 0 usually "s way  
to en=ce ! claim4 ,if ! husb& des]t$ !  
wife = ! sake ( "s o!r woman1 or        
transf]r$ 8 affections to ano!r1 ! wife1
 z a rule1 suff]$ 9 sil5ce4 ,sometimes  
%e took h] rev5ge on ! woman1 b g5]ally 
%e did no?+4 ,m5 kill$ ! de/roy]s ( _!  
homes1 b ! wom51 hav+ no homes1 be+ only
 wives1 no?+ b mo!rs--be>]s ( babes =   
ma/]s--all[$ _! de/roy]s to live4  ,9   
rec5t ye>s wom5 h advanc$4 ,!y h /epp$  
to ! front4 ,wives are no long] slaves4 
,!y are ! equals ( husb&s4 ,!y h homes  
to def5d1 husb&s to protect & de/roy]s  
to kill4 ,! rights ( husb&s & wives are 
n[ equal4 ,!y live "u ! same moral code4
 ,_! obligations to ea* o!r are mutual4 

,bo? are b\nd1 & equally b\nd1 to live  
virtu\s lives4  ,n[1 if ,a falls 9 love 
) ! wife ( ,b1 & %e returns 8 love1 has 
,b ! "r to kill him8 ,or if ,a falls 9  
love ) ! husb& ( ,b1 & he returns h]    
love1 has ,b ! "r to kill h]8  ,if !    
wrong$ husb& has ! "r to kill1 s has !  
wrong$ wife4  ,suppose t a "y man &     
woman are engag$ to be m>ri$1 & t %e    
falls 9 love ) ano!r & m>ries him1 has !
 fir/ lov] a "r to kill ! la/8  ,?is    
leads me to ano!r "q3 ,:at is m>riage8  
,m5 & wom5 _c truly be m>ri$ by any set 
or =m ( words1 or by any c]emonies h[ev]
 solemn1 or by contract sign$1 seal$ &  
witness$1 or by ! words or decl>ations (
 prie/s or judges4 ,all ^! put toge!r d 
n con/itute m>riage4 ,at ! v be/ !y are 
only evid5ces ( ! fact ( m>riage--some?+
 t really happ5$ betwe5 ! p>ties4 ,)\t  
pure1 hone/1 mutual love !re c be no    
real m>riage4 ,m>riage )\t love is only 
a =m ( pro/itution4 ,m>riage = ! sake ( 
position or weal? is immoral4 ,no good1 
s5sible man wants to m>ry a woman ^:    

he>t is n absolutely 81 & no good1      
s5sible woman wants to m>ry a man ^:    
he>t is n absolutely h]s4 ,n[1 if !re c 
be no real m>riage )\t mutual love1 does
 ! m>riage outla/ ! love8 ,if x is      
immoral = a woman to m>ry a man )\t lov+
 him1 is x moral = h] to live z ! wife (
 a man :om %e has ceas$ to love8 ,is %e 
b\nd by ! words1 by ! c]emony1 aft] !   
real m>riage is dead8 ,is %e s b\nd t ! 
man %e hates has ! "r to be ! fa!r ( h] 
babes8  ,if a girl is engag$ & aft]w>d  
meets h] ideal1 a "y man ^: pres5ce is  
joy1 ^: t\* is ec/asy1 is x h] duty to  
fulfill h] engagem5t8 ,w\ld x n be a    
?\s& times nobl] & pur] = h] to say to !
 fir/ lov]3 ,i ?\ght ,i lov$ y2 ,i 0    
mi/ak54 ,i belong he>t & s\l to ano!r1 &
 if ,i m>ri$ y ,i c\ld n be y\rs4  ,s1  
if a "y man is engag$ & f9ds t he has   
made a mi/ake1 is x honorable = him to  
keep 8 contract8 ,w\ld x n be f> nobl] =
 him to tell h] ! tru?8  ,! civiliz$ man
 loves a woman n only = 8 own sake1 b = 
h] sake4 ,he longs to make h] happy--to 

fill h] life ) joy4 ,he is will+ to make
 sacrifices = h]1 b he does n want h] to
 sacrifice h]self = him4 ,! civiliz$    
husb& wants 8 wife to be free--wants !  
love t %e _c help giv+ him4 ,he does n  
want h]1 f a s5se ( duty1 or because ( !
 contract or c]emony1 to act z ?\gh %e  
lov$ him1 :5 9 fact h] he>t is f> away4 
,he does n want h] to pollute h] s\l &  
live a lie = 8 sake4 ,! civiliz$ husb&  
places ! happ9ess ( 8 wife above 8 own4 
,h] love is ! weal? ( 8 he>t1 & to gu>d 
h] f evil is ! bus9ess ( 8 life4  ,b !  
civiliz$ husb& kn[s :5 8 wife ceases to 
love him t ! real m>riage has also      
ceas$4 ,he kn[s t x is !n infam\s = him 
to compel h] to rema9 8 wife4 ,he kn[s t
 x is h] "r to be free--t h] body       
belongs to h]1 t h] s\l is h] own4 ,he  
kn[s1 too1 if he kn[s any?+1 t h]       
affection is n ! slave ( h] w4  ,9 a    
case l ?is1 ! civiliz$ husb& w\ld1 s f> 
z he _h ! p[]1 release 8 wife f !       
contract ( m>riage1 divide 8 prop]ty    
fairly ) h] & d :at he c\ld = h] welf>e4

 ,civiliz$ love nev] turns to hatr$4    
,suppose he %\ld f9d t !re 0 a man 9 !  
case1 t ano!r _h won h] love1 or t %e _h
 giv5 h] love to ano!r1 w\ld x !n be 8  
"r or duty to kill t man8 ,w\ld ! kill+ 
d any good8 ,w\ld x br+ back h] love8   
,w\ld x reunite ! family8 ,w\ld x       
annihilate ! disgrace or ! memory ( !   
%ame8 ,w\ld x less5 ! husb&'s loss8     
,society says t ! husb& %\ld kill ! man 
because he l$ ! woman a/ray4  ,h[ d we  
"k t he betray$ ! woman8 ,mrs4 ,potiph> 
left _m daught]s1 & ,joseph c]ta9ly _h b
 few sons4 ,h[ d we "k t x 0 n ! husb&'s
 fault8 ,%e may = ye>s h %iv]$ 9 ! w9t] 
( 8 neglect4 ,%e may h borne 8 cruelties
 ( ^w & de$ until h] love w'z dead &    
buri$ side by side ) hope4 ,ano!r man   
comes into h] life4 ,he pities h]4 ,%e  
looks & loves4 ,he lifts h] f ! grave4  
,aga9 %e really lives1 & h] poor he>t is
 ri* ) love's r$ blood4 ,ought ?is man  
to be kill$8 ,he has robb$ no husb&1    
wrong$ no man4 ,he has rescu$ a victim1 
releas$ an innoc5t prison] & made a life

 wor? liv+4 ,b ! brutal husb& says t !  
wife has be5 l$ a/ray2 t he has be5     
wrong$ & di%onor$1 & t x is 8 "r1 8     
duty1 to %$ ! s$uc]'s blood4 ,he f9ds ! 
facts himself4 ,he is witness1 jury1    
judge & execution]4 ,he =gets 8 neglect1
 8 cruelties1 8 fai?lessness2 =gets t he
 drove h] f 8 he>t1 rememb]s only t %e  
loves ano!r1 & !n 9 ! "n ( ju/ice he    
takes ! life ( ! "o %e loves4  ,a husb& 
des]ts 8 wife1 leaves h] )\t money1 )\t 
! means to live1 ) 8 babes 9 h] arms4   
,%e _c get a divorce2 %e mu/ wait1 & 9 !
 meantime %e mu/ live4 ,a man falls 9   
love ) h] & %e ) him4 ,he takes c>e ( h]
 & ! des]t$ *ildr54 ,! wrong$ husb&     
returns & kills ! betray] ( 8 wife4 ,he 
believes 9 ! sacr$ness ( m>riage1 !     
hol9ess ( home4  ,x may be admitt$ t !  
des]t$ wife did wrong1 & t ! man :o c>$ 
= h] & h] worse ?an fa!rless *ildr5 also
 did wrong1 b c]ta9ly he _h done no?+ = 
:i* he des]v$ to be murd]$4  ,a woman   
f9ds t h] husb& is 9 love ) ano!r woman1
 t he is false1 & ! "q is :e!r x is h]  

"r to kill ! o!r woman4 ,! wrong$ husb& 
has always claim$ t ! man l$ 8 wife     
a/ray1 t he _h crept & crawl$ into 8    
,ed51 b n[ ! wrong$ wife claims t !     
woman s$uc$ h] husb&1 t %e spread ! net1
 wove ! web & bait$ ! trap 9 :i* !      
innoc5t husb& 0 caught4 ,!reupon %e     
kills ! o!r woman4  ,9 ! fir/ place1 h[ 
c %e be sure ( ! facts8 ,h[ does %e "k  
^: fault x 08 ,possibly %e 0 to blame   
h]self4  ,b :at good has ! kill+ done8  
,x w n give h] back h] husb&'s love4 ,x 
w n cool ! f]vor ( h] jeal\sy4 ,x w n   
give h] bett] sleep or happi] dreams4   
,x w\ld h be5 f> bett] if %e _h said to 
h] husb&3 ,g ) ! woman y love4 ,i d n   
want y\r body )\t y\r he>t1 y\r pres5ce 
)\t y\r love4  ,s1 x w\ld be bett] = !  
wrong$ husb& to say to ! unfai?ful wife3
 ,g ) ! man y love4 ,y\r he>t is 81 ,i  
am n y\r ma/]4 ,y are free4  ,aft] all1 
murd] is a poor rem$y4 ,if y kill a man 
= "o wrong1 :y n = ano!r8 ,if y take !  
law into y\r own h&s & kill a man       
because he loves y\r wife & y\r wife    

loves him1 :y n kill him = any injury he
 may inflict on y or y\rs8444  ,9 a     
civiliz$ nation ! p are gov]n$ by law4  
,!y d n r$ress _! own wrongs4 ,!y submit
 _! diff]5ces to c\rts4 ,if !y are      
wrong$ !y appeal to ! law4 ,savages     
r$ress :at !y call _! wrongs4 ,!y appeal
 to knife or gun4 ,!y kill1 !y          
assass9ate1 !y murd]2 & !y d ?is to     
pres]ve _! honor4 ,admit t ! s$uc] ( !  
wife des]ves dea?1 t ! woman :o leads ! 
husb& a/ray des]ves dea?1 admit t bo? h 
ju/ly =feit$ _! lives1 ! "q yet rema9s  
:e!r ! wrong$ husb& & ! wrong$ wife h ! 
"r to commit murd]4  ,if !y h ?is "r1 !n
 !re ought to be "s way provid$ =       
asc]ta9+ ! facts4 ,be=e ! husb& kills ! 
betray]1 ! fact t ! wife 0 really l$    
a/ray %\ld be e/abli%$1 & ! wrong$ husb&
 :o claims ! "r to kill1 %\ld %[ t he _h
 be5 a good1 lov+ & true husb&4  ,z a   
rule1 ! wives ( good & g5]\s m5 are true
 & fai?ful4 ,!y love _! homes1 !y adore 
_! *ildr54 ,9 pov]ty & disa/] !y cl+ !  
clos]4 ,b :5 husb&s are indol5t & mean1 

:5 !y are cruel & selfi%1 :5 !y make a  
hell ( home1 :y %\ld we insi/ t _! wives
 %\ld love !m /ill8  ,:5 ! civiliz$ man 
f9ds t 8 wife loves ano!r he does n     
kill1 he does n murd]4 ,he says to 8    
wife1 ,y are free4  ,:5 ! civiliz$ woman
 f9ds t h] husb& loves ano!r %e does n  
kill1 %e does n murd]4 ,%e says to h]   
husb&1 ,i am free4 ,?is1 9 my judgm5t1  
is ! bett] way4 ,x is 9 accordance ) a  
f> high] philosophy ( life1 ( ! real    
rights ( o!rs4 ,! civiliz$ man is gov]n$
 by 8 reason1 8 intellig5ce2 ! savage by
 8 passions4 ,! civiliz$1 man seeks = ! 
"r1 reg>dless ( himself2 ! savage =     
rev5ge1 reg>dless ( ! rights ( o!rs4  ,i
 d n believe t murd] gu>ds ! sacr$ness (
 home1 ! purity ( ! fireside4 ,i d n    
believe t crime w9s victories = virtue4 
,i believe 9 lib]ty & ,i believe 9 law4 
,t c\ntry is free :]e ! p make & hone/ly
 uphold ! law4 ,i am oppos$ to a r$ress 
( grievances or ! puni%m5t ( crim9als by
 mobs & ,i am equally oppos$ to giv+ !  
wrong$ husb&s & ! wrong$ wives ! "r to  

kill ! m5 & wom5 !y suspect4 ,9 o!r     
words1 ,i believe 9 civilization4  ,a   
few ye>s ago a m]*ant liv+ 9 ! ,we/     
suspect$ t 8 wife & bookkeep] 7 9 love4 
,"o morn+ he />t$ = a di/ant city1      
pret5d+ t he w\ld be abs5t = a c\ple (  
weeks4 ,he came back t night & f\nd !   
lov]s occupy+ ! same room4 ,he did n    
kill ! man1 b said to him3 ,take h]2 %e 
is y\rs4 ,treat h] well & y w n be      
tr\bl$4 ,abuse or des]t h] & ,i w be h] 
av5g]4  ,he did n kill 8 wife1 b said3  
,we "p =ev]4 ,y are entitl$ to "o-half (
 ! prop]ty we h accumulat$4 ,y %all h x4
 ,f>ewell6  ,! m]*ant 0 a civiliz$      
man--a philosoph]4     ,,pr(essor       
,,briggs4  ,to ! /udy ( ! ,bible he has 
giv5 ! be/ ye>s ( 8 life4 ,:5 he comm5c$
 ?is /udy he 0 probably a dev\t believ] 
9 ! pl5>y inspiration ( !               
,scripture--?\ght t ! ,bible 0 )\t an   
error2 t all ! s-call$ contradictions   
c\ld be easily expla9$4 ,he _h be5      
educat$ by ,presbyt]ians & _h confid5ce 
9 8 tea*]s4  ,9 spite ( 8 e>ly tra9+1 9 

spite ( 8 prejudices1 he 0 l$1 9 "s     
my/]i\s way1 to rely a little on 8 own  
reason4 ,?is 0 a dang]\s ?+ to d4 ,!    
mom5t a man talks ab\t reason he is on  
dang]\s gr\nd4 ,he is liable to         
contradict ! ,^w ( ,god4 ,!n he loses   
spirituality & beg9s to ?9k m ( tru? ?an
 cre$4 ,?is is a /ep t[>d h]esy--t[>d   
,infidelity4  ,pr(essor ,briggs began to
 h d\bts ab\t "s ( ! miracles4 ,^!      
d\bts1 l rats1 began to gnaw !          
f\ndations ( 8 fai?4 ,he exam9$ ^!      
wond]ful /ories 9 ! light ( :at is kn[n 
to h happ5$1 & 9 ! light ( l miracles   
f\nd 9 ! o!r sacr$ books ( ! _w4 ,& he  
conclud$ t !y 7 n q true4 ,he 0 n ready 
to say t !y 7 actually false2 t w\ld be 
too brutally c&id4  ,i once read ( an   
,engli% "l :o _h a v polite gamekeep]4  
,! "l wi%+ to %[ 8 skill ) ! rifle fir$ 
at a t>get4 ,he & ! gamekeep] w5t to see
 :]e ! bullet _h /ruck4 ,! gamekeep] 0  
fir/ at ! t>get1 & ! "l cri$ out3 ,did  
,i miss x8  ,i w\ld n1 said ! gamekeep]1
 g s f> z to say t y\r lord%ip miss$ x1 

b--b--y didn't hit x4  ,pr(essor ,briggs
 saw cle>ly t ! ,bible 0 ! product1 !   
gr[? ( _m c5turies2 t leg5ds & facts1   
mi/akes1 contradictions1 miracles1 my?s 
& hi/ory1 int]polations1 prophecies &   
dreams1 wisdom1 fooli%ness1 ju/ice1     
cruelty1 poetry & ba?os 7 mix$1 m+l$ &  
int]wov54 ,9 o!r words1 t ! gold ( tru? 
0 surr\nd$ by mean] metals & wor?less   
/ones4  ,he saw t x 0 necess>y to       
con/ruct :at might be call$ a sacr$     
smelt] to divide ! true f ! false4      
,und\bt$ly he rea*$ ?is conclusion 9 !  
int]e/ ( :at he believ$ to be ! tru?4   
,he _h ! mi/ak5 b hone/ idea t a        
,*ri/ian %\ld really ?9k4 ,( c\rse1 we  
"k t all h]esy has be5 ! result ( ?\ght4
 ,x has always be5 dang]\s to gr[4      
,%r9k+ is safe4  ,/udy+ ! ,bible 0 !    
fir/ mi/ake t ,pr(essor ,briggs made1   
reason+ 0 ! second1 & publi%+ 8         
conclusions 0 ! ?ird4 ,if he _h read )\t
 /udy+1 if he _h believ$ )\t reason+1 he
 w\ld h rema9$ a good1 or?odox          
,presbyt]ian4 ,he probably read ! works 

( ,humboldt1 ,d>w9 & ,haeckel1 & f\nd t 
! au?or ( ,g5esis 0 n a geologi/1 n a   
sci5ti/4 ,he seems to h 8 d\bts ab\t !  
tru? ( ! /ory ( ! deluge4 ,%\ld he be   
blam$ = ?is8 ,is !re a s5sible man 9 !  
wide _w :o really believes 9 ! flood8   
,?is flood bus9ess puts ,jehovah 9 su*  
an idiotic light4  ,( c\rse1 he mu/ h   
kn[n1 aft] ! fall ( ,adam & ,eve1 t he  
w\ld h to dr[n _! desc5dants4 ,c]ta9ly x
 w\ld h be5 m m]ciful to h kill$ ,adam &
 ,eve1 made a new pair & kept ! s]p5t   
out ( ! ,g>d5 ( ,ed54 ,if ,jehovah _h   
be5 an intellig5t ,god he nev] w\ld h   
creat$ ! s]p5t4 ,!n !re w\ld h be5 no   
fall1 no flood1 no atonem5t1 no hell4   
,?9k ( a ,god :o dr[n$ a _w6 ,:at a     
m]ciless mon/]6 ,! cruelty ( ! flood is 
exce$$ only by its /upidity4  ,?\s&s (  
little !ologians h tri$ to expla9 ?is   
miracle4 ,?is is ! v top ( absurdity4   
,to expla9 a miracle is to de/roy x4 ,"s
 h said t ! flood 0 local4 ,h[ c\ld wat]
 t rose ov] ! m\nta9s rema9 local8  ,:y 
%\ld we expect m]cy f a ,god :o dr[n$   

millions ( m51 wom5 & babes8 ,i w\ld no 
m ?9k ( s(t5+ ! he>t ( su* a ,god by    
pray] ?an ( protect+ myself f a hungry  
tig] by repeat+ poetry4  ,pr(essor      
,briggs has s5se en\gh to see t ! /ory (
 ! flood is b an ignorant leg5d4 ,he is 
try+ to rescue ,jehovah f ! frightful   
sl&]4 ,aft] all1 :y %\ld we believe !   
unreasonable8 ,mu/ we be fooli% to be   
virtu\s8 ,! ra9 fell = =ty days2 ?is    
caus$ ! flood4 ,! wat] 0 at lea/ ?irty  
?\s& feet 9 dep?4 ,sev5 hundr$ & fifty  
feet a day--m ?an ?irty feet an h\r1 six
 in*es a m9ute2 ! ra9 fell = =ty days4  
,does any man ) s5se en\gh to eat &     
brea! believe ?is idiotic lie8          
,pr(essor ,briggs kn[s t ! ,jews got !  
/ory ( ! flood f ! ,babylonians1 & t x  
is no m inspir$ ?an ! hi/ory ( ,pet]    
,wilk9s & ,8 ,fly+ ,wife4 ,! de/ruction 
( ,sodom & ,gomorrah is ano!r leg5d4    
,if ^? cities 7 de/roy$ s5sible p       
believe ! ph5om5on 0 z natural z !      
de/ruction ( ,h]culaneum & ,pompeii4 ,!y
 d n believe t 9 ei!r case x 0 ! result 

( ! wick$ness ( ! p4  ,nei!r does any   
?9k+ man believe t ! wife ( ,lot 0 *ang$
 or turn$ into a pill> ( salt z a       
puni%m5t = hav+ look$ back at h] burn+  
home4 ,h[ c\ld fle%1 bones & blood be   
*ang$ to salt8 ,?is presupposes two     
miracles4 ,fir/1 ! annihilation ( !     
woman1 & second1 ! creation ( salt4 ,a  
,god _c annihilate or create matt]4     
,annihilation & creation are bo?        
impossible--un?9kable4 ,a gra9 ( s& c   
defy all ! gods4 ,:at 0 ,mrs4 ,lot turn$
 to salt =8 ,:at good 0 a*iev$8 ,:at    
useful lesson taught8 ,:at man ) a head 
f]tile en\gh to raise "o hair c believe 
a /ory l ?is8  ,does a man :o d5ies !   
tru? ( ?is *ildi% absurdity weak5 !     
f\ndation ( virtue8 ,does he disc\rage  
tru?-tell+ by d5\nc+ lies8 ,%\ld a man  
be true to himself8 ,if reason is n !   
/&>d1 :at is8 ,c a man ?9k "o way &     
believe ano!r8 ,( c\rse he c talk "o way
 & ?9k ano!r4 ,if a man %\ld be hone/ ) 
himself he %\ld be hone/ ) o!rs4 ,a man 
:o conceals 8 d\bts lives a di%one/     

life4 ,he defiles 8 own s\l4  ,:5 a     
tru?-lov+ man reads ab\t ! plagues (    
,egypt1 %\ld he reason z he reads8 ,%\ld
 he take into consid]ation ! fact t l   
/ories h be5 told & believ$ by savages =
 ?\s&s ( ye>s8 ,%\ld he ask himself :e!r
 ,jehovah 9 8 ef=ts to induce !         
,egyptian ,k+ to free ! ,hebrews act$ l 
a s5sible ,god8 ,%\ld he ask himself    
:e!r a good ,god w\ld kill ! babes ( ! p
 on acc\nt ( ! s9s ( ! k+8 ,:e!r he w\ld
 torture1 mangle & kill innoc5t cattle  
to get ev5 ) a mon>*8  ,is x bett] to   
believe )\t ?9k+ ?an to ?9k )\t believ+8
 ,if !re be a ,god c we please him by   
believ+ t he act$ l a fi5d8  ,probably  
,pr(essor ,briggs has a high] conception
 ( ,god ?an ! au?or ( ,exodus4 ,! writ] 
( t book 0 a b>b>ian--an hone/ b>b>ian1 
& he wrote :at he suppos$ 0 ! tru?4 ,i d
 n blame him = hav+ writt5 falsehoods4  
,nei!r d ,i blame ,pr(essor ,briggs =   
hav+ detect$ ^! falsehoods4 ,9 our day  
no man capable ( reason+ believes !     
miracles wr\ght = ! ,hebrews 9 _! flight

 ?r\gh ! wild]ness4 ,! op5+ ( ! sea1 !  
cl\d & pill>1 ! quails1 ! manna1 !      
s]p5ts & hornets are no m believ$ ?an ! 
miracles ( ! ,mormons :5 !y cross$ !    
pla9s4  ,! probability is t ! ,hebrews  
nev] 7 9 ,egypt4 ,9 ! ,hebrew language  
!re are no ,egyptian words1 & 9 !       
,egyptian no ,hebrew4 ,?is proves t !   
,hebrews c\ld n h m+l$ ) ! ,egyptians = 
f\r hundr$ & ?irty ye>s4 ,z a matt] (   
fact1 ,moses is a my?4 ,! enslavem5t ( !
 ,hebrews1 ! flight1 ! j\rney ?r\gh !   
wild]ness exi/$ only 9 ! imag9ation (   
ignorance4  ,s ,pr(essor ,briggs has 8  
d\bts ab\t ! sun & moon hav+ be5 /opp$ =
 a day 9 ord] t ,g54 ,jo%ua might kill m
 hea!n4 ,!ologians h ga!r$ ar\nd ?is    
miracle l mo?s ar\nd a flame4 ,!y h done
 _! be/ to make x reasonable4 ,!y h     
talk$ ab\t refraction & reflection1 ab\t
 ! nature ( ! air hav+ be5 *ang$ s t !  
sun 0 visible all night4 ,!y h ev5 gone 
s f> z to say t ,jo%ua & 8 soldi]s kill$
 s _m t aft]w>d1 :5 ?9k+ ab\t x1 !y     
conclud$ t x mu/ h tak5 !m at lea/ two  

days4  ,?is miracle c be acc\nt$ = only 
9 "o way4 ,jehovah mu/ h /opp$ ! e>?4 ,!
 e>?1 turn+ ov] at ab\t "o ?\s& miles an
 h\r--weigh+ trillions ( tons--_h to be 
/opp$4 ,n[ we "k t all arre/$ motion    
*anges in/antly to heat4 ,x has be5     
calculat$ t to /op ! e>? w\ld cause z   
mu* heat z c\ld be produc$ by burn+ ?ree
 lumps ( coal1 ea* lump z l>ge z ?is _w4
  ,n[1 is x possible t a ,god 9 8 "r m9d
 w\ld wa/e all t =ce8 ,! ,bible also    
tells u t at ! same "t ,god ca/         
hail/ones f heav5 on ! poor hea!n4 ,if !
 writ] _h kn[n some?+ ( a/ronomy he w\ld
 h _h m hail/ones & said no?+ ab\t ! sun
 & moon4  ,is x wise = m9i/]s to ask _! 
congregations to believe ?is /ory8 ,is x
 wise = congregations to ask _! m9i/]s  
to believe ?is /ory8 ,if ,jehovah p]=m$ 
?is miracle he mu/ h be5 insane4 ,!re   
%\ld be "s relation1 "s proportion1     
betwe5 means & ends4 ,no sane g5]al w\ld
 call into ! field a million soldi]s & a
 hundr$ batt]ies to kill "o insect4 ,&  
yet ! disproportion ( means to ! end    

s\ght w\ld be reasonable :5 comp>$ ) :at
 ,jehovah is claim$ to h done4  ,if     
,jehovah exi/$ let u admit t he _h "s   
s5se4  ,if x %\ld be demon/rat$ t ! book
 ( ,jo%ua is all false1 :at h>m c\ld    
foll[8 ,!re w\ld rema9 ! same reasons = 
liv+ a useful & virtu\s life2 ! same    
reasons aga9/ !ft & murd]4 ,virtue w\ld 
lose no prop & vice w\ld ga9 no crut*4  
,take all ! miracles f ! ,old ,te/am5t &
 ! book w\ld be improv$4 ,?r[ away all  
its cruelties & absurdities & its       
influ5ce w\ld be f> bett]4  ,pr(essor   
,briggs seems to h d\bts ab\t !         
inspiration ( ,ru?4 ,is !re any h>m 9 t8
 ,:at diff]5ce does x make :e!r ! /ory (
 ,ru? is fact or fiction2 hi/ory or     
poetry8 ,its value is j ! same4 ,:o c>es
 :e!r ,hamlet or ,le> liv$8 ,:o c>es    
:e!r ,imog5 & ,p]dita 7 real wom5 or !  
creation ( ,%akespe>e's imag9ation8  ,! 
book ( ,e/h] is absurd & cruel4 ,x has  
no e?ical value4 ,!re is n a l9e1 a ^w 9
 x calculat$ to make a human be+ bett]4 
,! k+ issu$ a decree to kill ! ,jews4   

,e/h] succe$$ 9 gett+ ?is decree set    
aside1 & induc$ ! k+ to issue ano!r     
decree t ! ,jews %\ld kill ! o!r folks1 
& s ! ,jews kill$ "s sev5ty-five ?\s& ( 
! k+'s subjects4 ,is x really important 
to believe t ! book ( ,e/h] is inspir$8 
,is x possible t ,jehovah is pr\d ( hav+
 writt5 ?is book8 ,does he gu>d 8       
copyright ) ! fires ( hell8 ,:y %\ld !  
facts be kept f ! p8 ,e intellig5t m9i/]
 kn[s t ,moses did n write ! ,p5tateu*2 
t ,david did n write ! ,psalms1 & t     
,solomon 0 n ! au?or ( ! song or ! book 
( ,ecclesia/es4 ,:y n say s8  ,no       
intellig5t m9i/] believes ! /ory (      
,daniel 9 ! ,lion's d51 or ( ! ?ree m5  
:o 7 ca/ into ! furnace1 or ! /ory (    
,jonah4 ,^! miracles seem to h done no  
good--seem to h conv9c$ nobody & to h _h
 no consequ5ces4 ,daniel w'z miracul\sly
 sav$ f ! lions1 & !n ! k+ s5t = ! m5 :o
 _h accus$ ,daniel1 = _! wives & _!     
*ildr51 & ?rew !m all into ! d5 ( lions 
& !y 7 dev\r$ by bea/s almo/ z cruel z  
,jehovah4 ,:at a beautiful /ory6 ,h[ c  

any man be wick$ en\gh to d\bt its tru?8
  ,god told ,jonah to g to ,n9eveh4     
,jonah ran away1 took a boat = ano!r    
place4 ,god rais$ a /orm1 ! sailors     
became fright5$1 ?rew ,jonah ov]bo>d1 & 
! poor wret* 0 swall[$ & c>ri$ a%ore by 
a fi% t ,god _h prep>$4 ,!n he made 8   
proclamation 9 ,n9eveh4 ,!n ! p rep5t$ &
 ,jonah 0 disappo9t$4 ,!n he became     
malici\s & f\nd fault ) ,god4 ,!n comes 
! /ory ( ! g\rd1 ! worm & ! ea/ w9d1 & !
 effect ( ! sun on a bald-head$ prophet4
 ,w\ld n ?is /ory be j z beautiful ) !  
/orm & fi% left out8 ,c\ld we n disp5se 
) ! g\rd1 ! worm & ! ea/ w9d8  ,pr(essor
 ,briggs does n believe ?is /ory4 ,he   
does n reject x because he is wick$ or  
because he wi%es to de/roy religion1 b  
because1 9 8 judgm5t1 x is n true4 ,?is 
may n be religi\s1 b x is hone/4 ,x may 
n become a m9i/]1 b x c]ta9ly becomes a 
man4  ,pr(essor ,briggs wi%es to free ! 
,old ,te/am5t f int]polations1 f        
excresc5ces1 f fungus gr[?s1 f mi/akes &
 falsehoods4  ,i am satisfi$ t he is    

s9c]e1 actuat$ by ! noble/ motives4     
,suppose t all ! int]polations 9 !      
,bible %\ld be f\nd & ! orig9al be      
p]fectly re/or$1 :at evid5ce w\ld we h t
 x 0 writt5 by inspir$ m58 ,h[ c ! fact 
( inspiration be e/abli%$8 ,:5 0 x      
e/abli%$8 ,did ,jehovah furni% anybody )
 a li/ ( books he _h inspir$8 ,does     
anybody "k t he ev] said t he _h inspir$
 anybody8 ,did ! writ] ( ,g5esis claim t
 he 0 inspir$8 ,did any writ] ( any "p (
 ! ,p5tateu* make ! claim8 ,did ! au?ors
 ( ,jo%ua1 ,judges1 ,k+s or ,*ronicles  
pret5d t !y _h obta9$ _! facts f        
,jehovah8 ,does ! au?or ( ,job or ( !   
,psalms pret5d to h receiv$ assi/ance f 
,god8  ,!re is n ! slighte/ ref]5ce to  
,god 9 ,e/h] or 9 ,solomon's ,song4 ,:y 
%\ld !ologians say t ^? books 7 inspir$8
 ,! dogma ( inspiration re/s on no      
e/abli%$ fact4 ,x re/s only on          
ass]tion--! ass]tion ( ^? :o h no k on !
 subject4 ,pr(essor ,briggs calls !     
,bible a holy book4 ,he seems to ?9k t  
mu* ( x 0 inspir$2 t x is 9 "s s5se a   

message f ,god4 ,! reasons he has = ?9k+
 s ,i _c ev5 guess4 ,he seems also to h 
8 d\bts ab\t c]ta9 p>ts ( ! ,new        
,te/am5t4 ,he is n c]ta9 t ! angel :o   
appe>$ to ,joseph 9 a dream 0 entirely  
tru?ful1 or he is n c]ta9 t ,joseph _h !
 dream4  ,x seems cle> t :5 ! gospel    
accord+ to ,mat!w 0 fir/ writt5 ! writ] 
believ$ t ,*ri/ 0 a l9eal desc5dant (   
,david1 ?r\gh 8 fa!r1 ,joseph4 ,!       
g5ealogy is giv5 = ! purpose ( %[+ t !  
blood ( ,david fl[$ 9 ! ve9s ( ,*ri/4 ,!
 man :o wrote t g5ealogy _h nev] he>d t 
! ,holy ,gho/ 0 ! fa!r ( ,*ri/4 ,t 0 an 
aft]?\ght4  ,h[ is x possible to prove t
 ! ,holy ,gho/ 0 ! fa!r ( ,*ri/8 ,!     
,holy ,gho/ said no?+ on ! subject4 ,m>y
 wrote no?+ & we h no evid5ce t ,joseph 
_h a dream4  ,! div9ity ( ,*ri/ re/s ^u 
a dream t somebody said ,joseph _h4     
,accord+ to ! ,new ,te/am5t1 ,m>y h]self
 call$ ,joseph ! fa!r ( ,*ri/4 ,%e told 
,*ri/ t ,joseph1 8 fa!r1 _h be5 look+ = 
him4 ,h] /atem5t is bett] evid5ce ?an   
,joseph's dream--if he really _h x4 ,if 

!re are leg5ds 9 ,holy ,scripture1 z    
,pr(essor ,briggs decl>es1 c]ta9ly !    
div9e p>5tage ( ,*ri/ is "o ( !m4 ,!    
/ory lacks ev5 orig9ality4 ,among !     
,greeks _m p]sons _h gods = fa!rs4      
,among ,h9doos & ,egyptians ^! god-m5 7 
common4 ,s 9 _m o!r c\ntries ! blood (  
gods 0 9 ! ve9s ( m54 ,su* wond]s1 told 
9 ,sanscrit1 are j z reasonable z :5    
told 9 ,hebrew--j z reasonable 9 ,india 
z 9 ,pale/9e4 ,( c\rse1 !re is no       
evid5ce t any human be+ _h a god = a    
fa!r1 or a goddess = a "m4 ,intellig5t p
 h outgr[n ^! my?s4 ,c5taurs1 satyrs1   
nymphs & god-m5 h fad$ away4 ,sci5ce    
murd]$ !m all4  ,!re are _m             
contradictions 9 ! gospels4 ,!y diff] n 
only on que/ions ( fact1 b z to         
,*ri/ianity itself4 ,accord+ to ,mat!w1 
,m>k & ,luke1 if y w =give o!rs ,god w  
=give y4 ,?is is ! "o condition (       
salvation4 ,b 9 ,john we f9d an entirely
 diff]5t religion4 ,accord+ to ,john y  
mu/ be born aga9 & believe 9 ,jesus     
,*ri/4 ,!re y f9d = ! fir/ "t ab\t !    

atonem5t--t ,*ri/ di$ to save s9n]s4 ,! 
gospel ( ,john discloses a regul>       
!ological sy/em--a new "o4 ,to =give    
o!rs is n en\gh4 ,y mu/ h fai?4 ,y mu/  
be born aga94  ,! f\r gospels _c be     
h>moniz$4 ,if ,john is true ! o!rs are  
false4 ,if ! o!rs are true ,john is     
false4 ,f ?is !re is no escape4 ,i d n =
 a mom5t suppose t ,pr(essor ,briggs    
agrees ) me on ^! que/ions4 ,he probably
 reg>ds me z a v bad & wick$ man1 & my  
op9ions z blasphemies4 ,i f9d no fault )
 him = t4 ,i believe him to be an hone/ 
man2 "r 9 "s ?+s & wrong 9 _m4 ,he seems
 to be true to 8 ?\ght & ,i honor him = 
t4  ,he w\ld l to get all !             
/umbl+-blocks out ( ! ,bible1 s t a     
really ?\ghtful man c believe4 ,if      
!ologians cl+ to ! miracles record$ 9 ! 
,new ,te/am5t ! entire book w be        
disp>ag$ & d5i$4 ,! ,gospel %ip is      
ov]load$4 ,some?+s mu/ be ?r[n ov]bo>d  
or ! boat w g d[n4 ,if ! *ur*es try to  
save all !y w lose all4  ,!y mu/ ?r[ !  
miracles away4 ,!y mu/ admit t ,*ri/ did

 n ca/ devils out ( ! bodies ( m5 &     
wom5--t he did n cure diseases ) a ^w1  
or bl9dness ) spittle & clay2 t he _h no
 p[] ov] w9ds & waves2 t he did n raise 
! dead2 t he 0 n rais$ f ! dead himself1
 & t he did n asc5d bodily to heav54 ,^!
 absurdities mu/ be giv5 up1 or 9 a     
little :ile ! or?odox m9i/]s w be prea*+
 ! tid+s ( great joy to b5*es1 bonnets &
 bibs4  ,pr(essor ,briggs1 z ,i und]/&  
him1 is will+ to give up ! absurde/     
absurdities1 b wi%es to keep all !      
miracles t c possibly be believ$4 ,he is
 anxi\s to pres]ve ! important          
miracles--! great c5tral falsehoods--b !
 little lies t 7 told j to embelli% !   
/ory--to furni% v9es = ! columns--he is 
will+ to ca/ aside4  ,b ,pr(essor       
,briggs 0 hone/ en\gh to say t we d n "k
 ! au?ors ( mo/ ( ! books 9 ! ,bible2 t 
we d n "k :o wrote ! ,psalms or ,job or 
,prov]bs or ! ,song ( ,songs or         
,ecclesia/es or ! ,epi/le to ! ,hebrews4
 ,he also said t no translation c ev]   
take ! place ( ! orig9al ,scriptures1   

because a translation is at be/ ! "w (  
m54 ,9 o!r words1 t ,god has n reveal$  
to u ! names ( ! inspir$ books4 ,t ?is  
mu/ be det]m9$ by u4 ,pr(essor ,briggs  
puts reason above revelation4 ,by reason
 we are to decide :at books are inspir$4
 ,by reason we are to decide :e!r any?+ 
has be5 improp]ly add$ to ^? books4 ,by 
reason we are to decide ! real mean+ (  
^? books4  ,x !re=e foll[s t if ! books 
are unreasonable !y are un9spir$4 ,x    
seems to me t ?is position is absolutely
 correct4 ,!re is no o!r t c be def5d$4 
,! ,presbyt]ians :o pret5d to answ]     
,pr(essor ,briggs seem to be actuat$ by 
hatr$4  ,dr4 ,da ,co/a answ]s )         
vitup]ation & epi!t4 ,he answ]s no      
argum5t2 br+s =w>d no fact2 po9ts out no
 mi/ake4 ,he simply attacks ! man4 ,he  
exhibits ! ord9>y malice ( ^? :o love _!
 enemies4  ,presid5t ,patton1 (         
,pr9ceton1 is a despis] ( reason2 a hat]
 ( ?\ght4 ,progress is ! only ?+ t he   
fe>s4 ,he kn[s t ! ,bible is absolutely 
true4 ,he kn[s t e ^w is inspir$4       

,accord+ to him1 all que/ions h be5     
settl$1 & criticism said its la/ ^w :5 !
 ,k+ ,james ,bible 0 pr9t$4 ,!          
,presbyt]ian ,*ur* is infallible1 &     
:oev] d\bts or d5ies w be damn$4        
,morality is wor?less )\t ! cre$4 ,?is1 
is ! religion1 ! philosophy1 ( ,dr4     
,patton4 ,he fights ) ! anci5t weapons1 
) /one & club4 ,he is a private 9       
,capta9 ,calv9's company1 & he m>*es to 
defeat ) ! c\rage ( inv9cible ignorance4
  ,i d n blame ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur* =   
clos+ ! m\? ( ,pr(essor ,briggs4 ,t *ur*
 believes ! ,bible--all ( x--& ! memb]s 
did n feel l pay+ a man = %[+ t x 0 n   
all inspir$4 ,long ago ! ,presbyt]ians  
/opp$ gr[+4 ,!y h be5 petrifi$ = _m     
ye>s4 ,pr(essor ,briggs _h be5 gr[+4 ,he
 _h to leave ! *ur* or %r9k4 ,he left4  
,!n he jo9$ ! ,episcopal ,*ur*4 ,he     
probably suppos$ t t *ur* pref]r$ ! liv+
 to ! dead4 ,he knew ab\t ,col5so1      
,/anley1 ,temple1 ,heb] ,newton1 ,dr4   
,ra9s=d & ,f>r>1 & ?\ght t ! f+] & ?umb 
( au?ority w\ld n insi/ on pluck+ f !   

m9d ! buds ( ?\ght4  ,:e!r he 0 mi/ak5  
or n rema9s to be se54  ,! ,episcopal   
,*ur* may refuse to orda9 him1 & by su* 
refusal put ! bigot br& ^u its br[4  ,! 
refusal _c injure ,pr(essor ,briggs4 ,x 
w leave him :]e x f\nd him--) too mu*   
sci5ce = a *ur*man & too mu* sup]/ition 
= a sci5ti/2 ) 8 feet 9 ! gutt] & 8 head
 9 ! cl\ds4  ,i admire e man :o is true 
to himself1 to 8 highe/ ideal1 & :o     
pres]ves un/a9$ ! v]acity ( 8 s\l4  ,i  
believe 9 gr[?4 ,i pref] ! liv+ to !    
dead4 ,m5 are sup]ior to mummies4       
,cradles are m beautiful ?an c(f9s4     
,developm5t is gr&] ?an decay4 ,i d n   
agree ) ,pr(essor ,briggs4 ,i d n       
believe 9 inspir$ books1 or 9 ! ,holy   
,gho/1 or t any ,god has ev] appe>$ to  
man4 ,i d5y ! exi/5ce ( ! sup]natural4  
,i "k ( no religion t is f\nd$ on facts4
  ,b ,i *e]fully admit t ,pr(essor      
,briggs appe>s to be c&id1 good temp]$ &
 consci5ti\s--! opposite ( ^? :o attack 
him4 ,he is n a ,free?9k]1 b he hone/ly 
?9ks t he is free4     ,,fragm5ts4      

,,clov]4       99 ,a lett] writt5 to    
,col4 ,?omas ,donaldson1 (              
,philadelphia1      decl9+ an invitation
 to be a gue/ ( ! ,clov] ,club (      t 
city4  ,i regret t ,i _c be 9 clov] ) y 
on ! #bh? in/ant4  ,a wond]ful ?+ is    
clov]6 ,x means honey & cream1--t is to 
say1 indu/ry & cont5tm5t1--t is to say1 
! happy bees 9 p]fum$ fields1 & at !    
cottage gate bos ! b\ntiful s]5ely *ew+ 
satisfaction's cud1 9 t bless$ twilight 
pause t l a b5$iction falls betwe5 all  
toil & sleep4  ,?is clov] makes me dream
 ( happy h\rs2 ( *ildhood's rosy *eeks2 
( dimpl$ babes2 ( :olesome1 lov+ wives2 
( hone/ m52 ( spr+s & brooks & violets &
 all !re is ( /a9less joy 9 peaceful    
human life4  ,a wond]ful ^w is clov]6   
,drop ! c1 & y h ! happie/ ( mank9d4    
,drop ! r1 & c1 & y h left ! only ?+ t  
makes a heav5 ( ?is dull & b>r5 e>?4    
,drop ! r1 & !re rema9s a w>m1 deceitful
 bud t sweet5s brea? & keeps ! peace 9  
c\ntless homes ^: ma/]s frequ5t clubs4  
,aft] all1 ,bottom 0 "r3  ,good hay1    

sweet hay1 ha? no fell[4  ,y\rs s9c]ely 
& regretfully1  ,r4 ,g4 ,,+]soll4       
,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c41 ,janu>y #af1 #ahhc4  
9999999999  ,,sup]/ition puts belief    
above goodness--cr$ulity above virtue4  
,"h are two m54 ,"o is indu/ri\s1       
frugal1 hone/1 g5]\s4 ,he has a happy   
home--loves 8 wife & *ildr5--fills _!   
lives ) sun%9e4 ,he enjoys /udy1 ?\ghts1
 music1 & all ! subtleties ( ,art--b he 
does n believe ! cre$--c>es no?+ = sacr$
 books1 wor%ips no god & fe>s no devil4 
,! o!r is ignorant1 co>se1 brutal1 beats
 8 wife & *ildr5--b he believes--reg>ds 
! ,bible z inspir$--b[s to ! prie/s1    
c\nts 8 beads1 says 8 pray]s1 confesses 
& contributes1 & ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*       
decl>es & ! ,prote/ant ,*ur*es decl>e t 
he is ! bett] man4  ,! ignorant believ]1
 co>se & brutal z he is1 is go+ to      
heav54 ,he w be wa%$ 9 ! blood ( !      
,lamb4 ,he w h w+s--a h>p & a halo4  ,! 
intellig5t & g5]\s man :o loves 8       
fell[-m5--:o develops 8 bra91 :o enjoys 
! beautiful1 is go+ to hell--to ! et]nal

 prison4  ,su* is ! ju/ice ( ,god--!    
m]cy ( ,*ri/4  9999999999  ,,:ile read+ 
! acc\nts ( ! coronation ( ! ,cz>1 ( !  
pageants1 processions & fea/s1 ( ! pomp 
& p>ade1 ( ! b>b>ic spl5dor1 ( clo? (   
gold & glitt]+ gems1 ,i c\ld n help ?9k+
 ( ! poor & melan*oly peasants1 ( !     
toil+1 half-f$ millions1 ( ! sad &      
ignorant multitudes :o belong body & s\l
 to ?is ,cz>4  ,i ?\ght ( ! backs t h   
be5 sc>r$ by ! kn\t1 ( ! ?\s&s 9 prisons
 = hav+ d>$ to say a :isp]$ ^w = fre$om1
 ( ! great multitude :o _h be5 driv5 l  
cattle along ! we>y roads t lead to !   
hell ( ,sib]ia4  ,! cannon at ,mosc[ 7 n
 l\d en\gh1 nor ! clang ( ! bells1 nor !
 bl>e ( ! trumpets1 to dr[n ! groans ( !
 captives4  ,i ?\ght ( ! fa!rs t _h be5 
torn f wives & *ildr5 = ! crime ( speak+
 l m54  ,& :5 ! prie/s spoke ( ! ,cz> z 
! ,god-select$ man1 ! ,god-adorn$ man1  
my blood grew w>m4  ,:5 ,i read ( !     
coronation ( ! ,cz>9a ,i ?\ght (        
,sib]ia4 ,i ?\ght ( girls work+ 9 !     
m9es1 haul+ ore f ! pits ) *a9s ab\t _! 

wai/s2 "y girls1 almo/ nak$1 at ! m]cy (
 brutal (ficials2 "y girls weep+ & moan+
 _! lives away because betwe5 _! pure   
lips ! ^w ,lib]ty _h bur/ into blossom4 
,yet law neglects1 =gets !m1 & cr[ns !  
,cz>9a4 ,! inju/ice1 ! agony & horror 9 
?is poor _w are en\gh to make mank9d    
insane4  ,ignorance & sup]/ition cr[n   
impud5ce & tyranny4 ,millions ( money   
squ&]$ = ! humiliation ( man1 to di%onor
 ! p4  ,back ( ! coronation1 back ( all 
! c]emonies1 back ( all ! hypocrisy !re 
is no?+ b a lie4  ,x is n true t ,god   
select$ ?is ,cz> to rule & rob a hundr$ 
millions ( human be+s4  ,x is all an    
ignorant1 b>b>ic1 sup]/iti\s lie--a lie 
t pomp & pageant1 & flaunt+ flags1 &    
rob$ prie/s1 & sw++ c5s]s1 _c *ange to  
tru?4  ,^? :o are n bl9d$ by ! gl>e &   
glitt] at ,mosc[ see millions ( homes on
 :i* ! %ad[s fall2 see millions ( weep+ 
mo!rs1 ^: *ildr5 h be5 /ol5 by ! ,cz>2  
see ?\s&s ( villages )\t s*ools1        
millions ( h\ses )\t books1 millions &  
millions ( m51 wom5 & *ildr5 9 ^: future

 !re is no /> & ^: only fri5d is dea?4  
,! coronation is an insult to ! n9ete5? 
c5tury4  ,long live ! p ( ,russia6      
9999999999  ,,music4--,! savage enjoys  
noises--explosion--! imitation ( ?und]4 
,?is noise expresses 8 feel+4 ,he enjoys
 concussion4 ,8 e> & bra9 are 9 h>mony4 
,s1 he takes cognizance ( b few colors4 
,! neutral t9ts make no impression on 8 
eyes4 ,he appreciates ! flames ( r$ &   
yell[4 ,t is to say1 !re is a h>mony    
betwe5 8 bra9 & eye4 ,z he advances1    
develops1 progresses1 8 e> cat*es o!r   
s\nds1 8 eye o!r colors4 ,he becomes a  
complex be+1 & !re has ent]$ into 8 m9d 
! idea ( proportion4 ,! music ( ! drum  
no long] satisfies him4 ,he sees t !re  
is z mu* diff]5ce betwe5 noises &       
melodies z betwe5 /ones & /atues4 ,!    
/r+s 9 ,corti's ,h>p become s5sitive &  
possibly new ones are develop$4  ,! eye 
keeps pace ) ! e>1 & ! worlds ( s\nd &  
sight increase f age to age4  ,! fir/   
idea ( music is ! keep+ ( "t--a recurr+ 
emphasis at int]vals ( equal l5g? or    

duration4 ,?is is aft]w>d modifi$--!    
music ( joy be+ fa/1 ! emphasis at %ort 
int]vals1 & t ( sorr[ sl[4  ,aft] all1  
?is music ( "t corresponds to ! action (
 ! blood & muscles4 ,!re is a rise &    
fall "u excitem5t ( bo?4 ,9 joy ! he>t  
beats fa/1 & ! music correspond+ to su* 
emotion is quick4 ,9 grief--9 sadness1 !
 blood is delay$4 ,9 music ! broad      
division is "o ( "t4 ,9 language1 words 
( joy are born ( light--t :i*           
%9es--words ( grief ( d>kness & gloom4  
,!re is /ill ano!r division3 ,! language
 ( happ9ess comes also f heat1 & t (    
sadness f cold4  ,^! ideas or divisions 
are univ]sal4 ,9 all art are ! light &  
%ad[--! heat & cold4  9999999999  ,,(   
,,c\rse ,,engl& has no love = ,am]ica4  
,by ,engl& ,i mean ! gov]n+ class4 ,:y  
%\ld mon>*y be 9 love ) republicanism1 )
 democracy8 ,! mon>* insi/s t he gets 8 
"r to rule f :at he is pleas$ to call ! 
w ( ,god1 :]eas 9 a republic ! sov]eign 
au?ority is ! w ( ! p4 ,x is impossible 
t !re %\ld be any real fri5d%ip betwe5 !

 two =ms ( gov]nm5t4  ,we mu/1 h[ev]1   
rememb] "o ?+1 & t is1 t !re is an      
,engl& )9 ,engl&--an ,engl& t does n    
belong to ! titl$ classes--an ,engl& t  
has n be5 brib$ or demoraliz$ by ^? 9   
au?ority2 & t ,engl& has always be5 our 
fri5d1 because t ,engl& is ! fri5d (    
lib]ty & ( progress ev]y:]e4 ,b !       
lackeys1 ! snobs1 ! flatt]]s ( ! titl$1 
^? :o are will+ to crawl t !y may rise1 
are n[ & always h be5 ! enemies ( !     
great ,republic4  ,x is a curi\s fact t 
9 mon>*ical gov]nm5ts ! highe/ & l[e/   
are g5]ally fri5ds4 ,!re may be a       
f\ndation = ?is fri5d%ip 9 ! fact t bo? 
are p>asites--bo? live on ! labor (     
hone/ m54 ,aft] all1 !re is a k9%ip     
betwe5 ! pr9ce & ! paup]4 ,bo? ext5d !  
h& = alms1 & ! fact t "o is jewel$ & !  
o!r extremely dirty makes no diff]5ce 9 
pr9ciple--& ! own]s ( ^! h&s h always   
be5 fa/ fri5ds1 &1 9 accordance ) !     
great law ( +ratitude1 bo? h held 9     
contempt ! p :o support$ !m4  ,"o ?+ we 
mu/ n =get1 & t is t ! be/ p ( ,engl&   

are our fri5ds4 ,! be/ writ]s1 ! be/    
?9k]s are on our side4 ,x is only       
natural t all :o visit ,am]ica %\ld f9d 
"s fault4 ,we f9d fault ourselves1 & to 
be ?9-sk9n$ is almo/ a plea ( guilty4 ,=
 my "p1 ,i h no d\bt ab\t ! future (    
,am]ica4 ,x n only is1 b is to be = _m1 
_m g5]ations1 ! greate/ nation ( ! _w4  
,i ,,d n c>e s mu* :]e1 z ) :om1 ,i     
live4 ,if ! "r folks are ) me ,i c      
manage to get a good deal ( happ9ess 9 !
 city or 9 ! c\ntry4 ,cats love places &
 become atta*$ to *imney-corn]s & all   
sorts ( nooks--b ,i h b little ( ! cat 9
 me1 & am n p>ticul>ly 9 love ) places4 
,aft] all1 a palace )\t affection is a  
poor hovel1 & ! meane/ hut ) love 9 x is
 a palace = ! s\l4  ,if ! "t comes :5   
pov]ty & want cease = ! mo/ "p to exi/1 
!n ! city w be f> bett] ?an ! c\ntry4 ,p
 are always talk+ ab\t ! beauties (     
nature & ! delights ( solitude1 b to me 
"s p are m int]e/+ ?an rocks & trees4 ,z
 to city & c\ntry life ,i ?9k t ,i      
sub/antially agree ) ,t\*/one3  ,9      

respect t x is solit>y ,i l x v well2 b 
9 respect t x is private x is a v vile  
life4 ,n[1 9 respect x is 9 ! fields x  
please? me well2 b 9 respect x is n 9 ! 
c\rt x is t$i\s4  9999999999  ,,:at d ,i
 ?9k ( ! lyn*+s 9 ,georgia8  ,i suppose 
^! outrages--^! frightful crimes--make !
 same impression on my m9d t !y d on !  
m9ds ( all civiliz$ p4 ,i "k ( no words 
/rong en\gh1 bitt] en\gh1 to express my 
indignation & horror4 ,m5 :o belong to !
 sup]ior race take a negro--a crim9al1 a
 suppos$ murd]]1 "o alleg$ to h assault$
 a :ite woman--*a9 him to a tree1       
saturate 8 clo?+ ) k]os5e1 pile fagots  
ab\t 8 feet4 ,?is is ! prep>ation = !   
fe/ival4 ,! p flock 9 f !               
neighborhood--come 9 special tra9s f !  
t[ns4 ,!y are go+ to enjoy !mselves4    
,laugh+ & curs+ !y ga!r ab\t ! victim4  
,a man /eps f ! cr[d--a man :o hates    
crime & loves virtue4 ,he draws 8 knife1
 & 9 a _s ( m]ry sport cuts (f "o ( !   
victim's e>s4 ,?is he keeps = a         
trophy--a s\v5ir4 ,ano!r g5tlem5 fond ( 

a je/ cuts (f ! o!r e>4 ,ano!r cuts (f !
 nose ( ! *a9$ & helpless wret*4 ,!     
victim suff]$ 9 sil5ce4 ,he utt]$ no    
groan1 no ^w--! "o man ( ! two ?\s& :o  
_h c\rage4  ,o!r :ite h]oes cut & sla%$ 
8 fle%4 ,! cr[d *e]$4 ,! p 7 intoxicat$ 
) joy4 ,!n ! fagots 7 light$ & ! ble$+ &
 mutilat$ man 0 clo!d 9 flame4  ,! p 7  
wild ) hide\s delight4 ,) gre$y eyes !y 
wat*$ him burn2 ) hungry e>s !y li/5$ = 
8 %rieks--= ! music ( 8 moans & cries4  
,he did n %riek4 ,! fe/ival 0 n q       
p]fect4  ,b !y _h _! rev5ge4 ,!y trampl$
 on ! *>r$ & burn+ corpse4 ,!y divid$   
among !mselves ! brok5 bones4 ,!y want$ 
mem5tos--keepsakes t !y c\ld give to _! 
lov+ wives & g5tle babes4  ,^! horrors 7
 p]petrat$ 9 ! "n ( ju/ice4 ,! savages  
:o did ^! ?+s belong to ! sup]ior race4 
,!y are citiz5s ( ! great ,republic4 ,& 
yet1 x does n seem possible t su* fi5ds 
are human be+s4 ,!y are a disgrace to   
our c\ntry1 our c5tury & ! human race4  
,ex-,gov]nor ,atk9son prote/$ aga9/ ?is 
savag]y4 ,he 0 ?reat5$ ) dea?4 ,! good p

 7 helpless4 ,:ile ^! lyn*]s murd] !    
blacks !y w de/roy _! own c\ntry4 ,no   
civiliz$ man wi%es to live :]e ! mob is 
supreme4 ,he does n wi% to be gov]n$ by 
murd]]s4  ,let me say t :at ,i h said is
 flatt]y comp>$ ) :at ,i feel4 ,:5 ,i   
?9k ( ! o!r lyn*+--( ! poor man mutilat$
 & hang$ )\t ! slighte/ evid5ce1 ( !    
negro :o said t ^! murd]s w\ld be av5g$1
 & :o 0 brutally murd]$ = ! utt]ance ( a
 natural feel+--,i am utt]ly at a loss =
 words4  ,are ! :ite p insane8 ,has m]cy
 fl$ to bea/s8 ,has ! ,unit$ ,/ates no  
p[] to protect a citiz58 ,a nation t _c 
or w n protect its citiz5s 9 "t ( peace 
has no "r to ask its citiz5s to protect 
x 9 "t ( ,w>4  9999999999  ,,our        
,,c\ntry4--,our c\ntry is all we hope   
=--all we are4 ,x is ! grave ( our fa!r1
 ( our "m1 ( ea* & e "o ( ! sacr$ dead4 
,x is e glori\s memory ( our race4 ,e   
h]oic de$4 ,e act ( self-sacrifice done 
by our blood4 ,x is all ! accompli%m5ts 
( ! pa/--all ! wise ?+s said--all ! k9d 
?+s done--all ! poems writt5 & all !    

poems liv$--all ! defeats su/a9$--all ! 
victories won--! girls we love--! wives 
we adore--! *ildr5 we c>ry 9 our        
he>ts--all ! firesides ( home--all !    
quiet spr+s1 ! babbl+ brooks1 ! ru%+    
riv]s1 ! m\nta9s1 pla9s & woods--! dells
 & dales & v9es & vales4  9999999999    
,,gift ,,giv+4--,i believe 9 ! fe/ival  
call$ ,*ri/mas--n 9 ! celebration ( !   
bir? ( any man1 b to celebrate ! triumph
 ( light ov] d>kness--! victory ( ! sun4
  ,i believe 9 giv+ gifts on t day1 & a 
real gift %\ld be giv5 to ^? :o _c      
return x2 gifts f ! ri* to ! poor1 f !  
prosp]\s to ! un=tunate1 f p>5ts to     
*ildr54  ,!re is no ne$ ( giv+ wat] to !
 sea or light to ! sun4 ,let u give to  
^? :o ne$1 nei!r ask+ nor expect+       
return1 n ev5 ask+ gratitude1 only ask+ 
t ! gift %all make ! receiv] happy--& he
 :o gives 9 t way increases 8 own joy4  
9999999999  ,we h no "r to enslave our  
*ildr54 ,we h no "r to bequea? *a9s &   
manacles to our heirs4 ,we h no "r to   
leave a legacy ( m5tal degradation4     

,lib]ty is ! bir?right ( all4 ,p>5ts    
%\ld n deprive _! *ildr5 ( ! great gifts
 ( nature4 ,we _c all leave l&s & gold  
to ^? we love2 b we c leave ,lib]ty1 & t
 is ( m value ?an all ! weal? ( ,india4 
,! dead h no "r to enslave ! liv+4 ,to  
wor%ip ance/ors is to curse po/]ity4 ,he
 :o b[s to ! ,pa/ insults ! ,future2 &  
all[s1 s to speak1 ! dead to rob !      
unborn4 ,! c(f9 is good en\gh 9 its way1
 b ! cradle is f> bett]4 ,) ! bones ( ! 
fa!rs !y beat out ! bra9s ( ! *ildr54   
9999999999  ,,r&om ,,?\ghts4--,! road is
 %ort to any?+ we fe>4       ,joy lives 
9 ! h\se beyond ! "o we rea*4      ,9   
y\? ! "t is halt+1 sl[ & lame4      ,9  
age ! "t is w+$ & eag] z a flame4       
,! sea seems n>r[ z we ne> ! f>!r %ore4 
,y\? goes h& 9 h& ) hope--old age ) fe>4
 4  ,y\? has a wi%--old age a dread4  ,9
 y\? ! leaves & buds seem loa? to gr[4  
,y\? %akes ! glass to spe$ ! l+]+ s&s4  
,y\? says to ,"t3 ,o crut*$ & limp+     
lagg>d1 get !e w+s4  ,! dawn comes      
sl[ly1 b ! ,we/]+ day leaps l a lov] to 

! dusky bosom ( ! ,e?iop night4         
9999999999  ,i ,,?9k t all days are     
sub/antially alike 9 ! long run4 ,x is  
no worse to dr9k on ,sunday ?an on      
,monday4 ,! idea t "o day 9 ! week is   
holy is :olly idiotic4 ,besides1 ^!     
clos+ laws d no good4  ,laws are n locks
 & keys4 ,saloon doors c>e no?+ ab\t    
laws4 ,law or no law1 p w slip 91 & !n1 
hav+ _h s mu* tr\ble gett+ !re1 !y w /ay
 until !y /agg] out4 ,^! na/y1          
m$dlesome1 ,ph>isaic1 hypocritical laws 
make sneaks & hypocrites4 ,! *ildr5 ( ^!
 laws are l ! fa!rs ( ! laws4 ,ev] s9ce 
,i c rememb]1 p h be5 try+ to make o!r p
 temp]ate by intemp]ate laws4 ,i h nev] 
kn[n ( ! slighte/ success4 ,x is a pity 
t ,*ri/ manufactur$ w9e1 a pity t ,paul 
took he>t & ?ank$ ,god :5 he saw ! sign 
( ! ,?ree ,tav]ns2 a pity t ,jehovah put
 alcohol 9 almo/ ev]y?+ t gr[s2 a great 
pity t pray]-meet+s are n m popul> ?an  
saloons2 a pity t our work+m5 d n amuse 
!mselves read+ religi\s pap]s & !       
g5ealogies 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t4  ,rum has 

caus$ _m qu>rels & _m murd]s4  ,religion
 has caus$ _m w>s & cov]$ c\ntless      
fields ) dead4  ,( c\rse1 all m5 %\ld be
 temp]ate1--%\ld avoid excess--%\ld keep
 ! gold5 pa? betwe5 extremes--%\ld ga!r 
roses1 n ?orns4 ,! only way to make m5  
temp]ate is to develop ! bra94  ,:5     
passions & appetites are /rong] ?an !   
intellect1 m5 are savages2 :5 !         
intellect gov]ns ! passions1 :5 !       
passions are s]vants1 m5 are civiliz$4  
,! p ne$ education--facts--philosophy4  
,drunk5ness is "o =m ( intemp]ance1     
prohibition is ano!r =m4 ,ano!r tr\ble  
is t ^! little laws & ord9ances c n be  
en=c$4  ,bo? p>ties want votes1 & to get
 votes !y w all[ unpopul> laws to sleep1
 neglect$1 & f9ally refuse to en=ce !m4 
,^! spasms ( virtue1 ^! convulsions (   
consci5ce are soon ov]1 & !n comes a    
long p]iod ( neglectful re/4  9999999999
  ,,! ,,old ,,& ,,new ,,ye>4--,=        
c\ntless ages ! old e>? has be5 mak+1 9 
alt]nat+ light & %ade1 9 gleam & gloom1 
! :irl+ circuit ( ! sun1 leav+ ! record 

( its flight 9 _m =ms--9 leaves ( /one1 
9 gr[? ( tree & v9e & fl[]1 9 glitt]+   
gems ( _m hues1 9 curi\s =ms ( mon/r\s  
life1 9 ravages ( flood & flame1 9      
fossil fragm5ts /ol5 f decay by *ance1 9
 molt5 masses hurl$ f lips ( fire1 9    
gorges worn by waveless1 foamless       
cat>acts ( ice1 9 coa/ l9es beat5 back  
by ! imprison$ sea1 9 m\nta9 ranges & 9 
ocean reefs1 9 isl&s lift$ f !          
und]world--9 cont95ts subm]g$ & giv5    
back to light & life4  ,ano!r ye> has   
jo9$ 8 %ad[y fell[s 9 ! wide & voiceless
 des]t ( ! pa/1 :]e1 f ! et]nal         
h\r-glass =ev] fall ! s&s ( "t4 ,ano!r  
ye>1 ) all its joy & grief1 ( bir? &    
dea?1 ( failure & success--( love &     
hate4 ,& n[1 ! fir/ day ( ! new o'er    
ar*es all4 ,/&+ betwe5 ! buri$ & ! babe1
 we cry1 ,f>ewell & ,hail6--,janu>y     
#a1ahic4  9999999999  ,,k consi/s 9 !   
p]ception ( facts1 _!                   
relations--conditions1 modes & results (
 action4 ,exp]i5ce is ! f\ndation (     
k--)\t exp]i5ce x is impossible to "k4  

,x may be t exp]i5ce c be               
transmitt$--inh]it$4 ,suppose t an      
inf9ite be+ exi/$ 9 inf9ite space4 ,he  
be+ ! only exi/5ce1 :at k c\ld he ga9 by
 exp]i5ce8 ,he c\ld see no?+1 he> no?+1 
feel no?+4 ,he w\ld h no use = :at we   
call ! s5ses4 ,c\ld he use :at we call !
 faculties ( ! m9d8 ,he c\ld n comp>e1  
rememb]1 hope or fe>4 ,he c\ld n reason4
 ,h[ c\ld he "k t he exi/$8 ,h[ c\ld he 
use =ce8 ,!re 0 9 ! univ]se no?+ t w\ld 
resi/--no?+4  9999999999  ,mo/ m5 are   
economical :5 deal+ ) abundance1 ho>d+  
gold & wa/+ "t--?r[+ away ! sun%9e (    
life--! few rema9+ h\rs1 & hugg+ to _!  
%rivel$ he>ts t :i* !y d n & _c ev5     
expect to use4 ,old age %\ld enjoy !    
luxury ( giv+4 ,h[ div9e to live 9 !    
atmosph]e1 ! climate ( gratitude6 ,! m5 
:o clut* & fi]cely hold & look at wife &
 *ildr5 ) eyes dimm$ by age & d>k5$ by  
suspicion1 giv+ naught until ! end1 !n  
give to dea? ! gratitude t %\ld h be5 _!
 own4  9999999999  ,,dea? ,,( ,,! ,,ag$4
       99 ,f a lett] ( condol5ce writt5 

to a fri5d on !      dea? ( 8 "m4  ,aft]
 all1 !re is some?+ t5d]ly appropriate 9
 ! s]5e dea? ( ! old4 ,no?+ is m t\*+   
?an ! dea? ( ! "y1 ! /rong4 ,b :5 !     
duties ( life h all be5 nobly done2 :5 !
 sun t\*es ! horizon2 :5 ! purple       
twilight falls ^u ! pa/1 ! pres5t1 & !  
future2 :5 memory1 ) dim eyes1 c sc>cely
 spell ! blurr$ & fad$ records ( !      
vani%$ days--!n1 surr\nd$ by k9dr$ & by 
fri5ds1 dea? comes l a /ra9 ( music4 ,! 
day has be5 long1 ! road we>y1 & !      
travel] gladly /ops at ! welcome inn4   
,ne>ly =ty-eight ye>s ago1 "u ! sn[1 9 !
 little t[n ( ,caz5ovia1 my poor "m 0   
buri$4 ,i 0 b two ye>s old4 ,i rememb]  
h] z %e look$ 9 dea?4 ,t sweet1 cold    
face has kept my he>t w>m ?r\gh all !   
*ang+ ye>s4  9999999999       ,!re is no
 cunn+ art to trace      ,9 any feature1
 =m or face1       ,or wr9kl$ palm1 )   
criss-cross l9es      ,! good or bad 9  
peoples' m9ds4       ,nor c we guess    
m5's ?\ghts or aims      ,by see+ h[ !y 
write _! names4       ,we c\ld z well   

=etell _! acts      ,by gett+ outl9es ( 
_! tracks4       ,ourselves we d n      
"k--h[ !n      ,c we f9d out our        
fell[-m58       ,& yet--al?\gh ! reason 
laughs--       ,we l to look at         
autographs--       ,& almo/ ?9k t we c  
guess      ,:at l9es & dots ( ink       
express4        99 ,f ! autograph       
collection ( ,miss ,eva ,+]soll         
,f>rell4       ,augu/ #aa1 #ahib4 ,r4   
,g4 ,+]soll4  9999999999  ,! ,_w is     
,gr[+ ,poor4--,d>w9 ! naturali/1 !      
obs]v]1 ! philosoph]1 is dead4 ,wagn] ! 
greate/ compos] ! _w has produc$1 is    
sil5t4 ,hugo ! poet1 patriot &          
philan?ropi/1 is at re/4 ,?ree mighty   
riv]s h ceas$ to fl[4 ,! smalle/ insect 
0 made int]e/+ by ,d>w9's glance2 ! poor
 bl9d worm became ! f>m]'s fri5d--! mak]
 ( ! f>m1--& ev5 we$s began to dream &  
hope4  9999999999  ,b if we live beyond 
life's day & rea* ! dusk1 & sl[ly travel
 9 ! %ad[s ( ! night1 ! way seems long1 
& be+ we>y we ask = re/1 & !n1 z 9 our  
y\?1 we *ide ! loit]+ h\rs4 ,:5 eyes are

 dim & memory fails to keep a record (  
ev5ts2 :5 e>s are dull & muscles fail to
 obey ! w2 :5 ! pulse is l[ & ! tir$    
he>t is weak1 & ! poor bra9 has h>dly   
p[] to ?9k1 !n comes ! dream1 ! hope (  
re/1 ! long+ = ! peace ( dreamless      
sleep4  9999999999  ,,sa9ts4--,! sa9ts h
 poison$ life ) piety4 ,!y h s\r$ ! "m's
 milk4 ,!y h insi/$ t joy is crime--t   
beauty is a bait ) :i* ! ,devil captures
 ! s\ls ( m5--t laught] leads to s9--t  
pleasure1 9 its e =m1 degrades1 & t love
 itself is b ! loa?some s]p5t ( unclean 
desire4 ,!y h tri$ to compel m5 to love 
%ad[s r ?an wom5--phantoms r ?an p4  ,! 
sa9ts h be5 ! assass9s ( sun%9e1--!     
skeletons at fea/s4 ,!y h be5 ! enemies 
( happ9ess4 ,!y h hat$ ! s++ birds1 !   
blossom+ plants4 ,!y h lov$ ! b>r5 & !  
desolate--! croak+ rav5 & ! hoot+       
owl--tomb/ones1 r ?an /atues4  ,& yet1 )
 a /range inconsi/5cy1 happ9ess 0 to be 
enjoy$ =ev]1 9 ano!r _w4 ,!re1 pleasure1
 ) all its corrupt+ influ5ces1 0 to be  
et]nal4 ,no "o pret5d$ t heav5 0 to be  

fill$ ) self-d5ial1 ) fa/+s & sc\rg+s1 )
 weep+s & regrets1 ) solemn & emaciat$  
angels1 ) sad-ey$ s]aphim1 ) lonely     
p>sons1 ) mumbl+ monks1 ) %rivel$ nuns1 
) days ( p5ance & ) nights ( pray]4     
,yet all ?is self-d5ial on ! "p ( !     
sa9ts 0 f\nd$ 9 ! pure/ selfi%ness4 ,!y 
7 to be paid = all _! suff]+s 9 ano!r   
_w4 ,!y 7 lay+ up treasures 9 heav54 ,!y
 _h made a b>ga9 ) ,god4 ,he _h (f]$    
et]nal joy to ^? :o w\ld make !mselves  
mis]able "h4 ,! sa9ts gladly & *e]fully 
accept$ ! t]ms4 ,!y expect$ pay = e pang
 ( hung]1 = e groan1 = e te>1 = e       
temptation resi/$2 & ?is pay 0 to bean  
et]nity ( joy4 ,! selfi%ness ( ! sa9ts 0
 equal$ only by ! /upidity ( ! sa9ts4   
,x is n true t "* is ! aim ( life4      
,happ9ess %\ld be ! aim--& z a matt] (  
fact is & always has be5 ! aim1 n only (
 s9n]s1 b ( sa9ts4 ,! sa9ts seem$ to ?9k
 t happ9ess 0 bett] 9 ano!r _w ?an "h1 &
 !y expect$ ?is happ9ess beyond ! cl\ds4
 ,!y look$ ^u ! s9n] z fooli% to enjoy  
himself = ! mom5t "h1 & 9 consequ5ce    

!re( to suff] =ev]4 ,"* is n an end1 x  
is a means to an end4 ,! object ( ! sa9t
 is happ9ess h]eaft]--! means1 to make  
himself mis]able "h4 ,! object ( !      
philosoph] is happ9ess "h & n[1 &       
h]eaft]1--if !re be ano!r _w4  ,if      
/ruggle & temptation1 mis]y & mis=tune1 
are ess5tial to ! =mation ( :at y call  
"*1 h[ d y acc\nt = ! p]fection ( y\r   
angels1 or = ! goodness ( y\r ,god8 ,7 !
 angels p]fect$ ?r\gh mis=tune8 ,if     
happ9ess is ! only good 9 heav51 :y %\ld
 x n be consid]$ ! only good "h8  ,9    
ord] to be happy1 we mu/ be 9 h>mony ) !
 conditions ( happ9ess4 ,x _c be obta9$ 
by pray]1--x does n come f heav5--x mu/ 
be f\nd "h1 & no?+ %\ld be done1 or left
 undone1 = ! sake ( any sup]natural be+1
 b = ! sake ( ourselves & o!r natural   
be+s4  ,! e>ly ,*ri/ians 7 prep>+ = !   
end ( ! _w4 ,9 _! view1 life 0 ( no     
importance except z x gave !m "t to     
prep>e = ,! ,second ,com+4 ,!y 7 craz$  
by fe>4 ,s9ce t "t1 ! _w n com+ to !    
expect$ end1 !y h be5 prep>+ = ,! ,day (

 ,judgm5t1 & h1 to ! ext5t ( _! ability1
 fill$ ! _w ) horror4 ,= c5turies1 x 01 
& /ill is1 _! bus9ess to de/roy !       
pleasures ( ?is life4 ,9 ! mid/ (       
prosp]ity !y h prophesi$ disa/]4 ,at e  
fea/ !y h spok5 ( fam9e1 & ov] ! cradle 
!y h talk$ ( dea?4 ,!y h held skulls    
be=e ! faces ( t]rifi$ babes4 ,on !     
*eeks ( heal? !y see ! worms ( ! grave1 
& 9 _! eyes ! :ite brea/s ( love are    
naught b corruption & decay4  9999999999
  ,,! ,,wa/e ,,=ces ,,( ,,nature4--,=   
c\ntless ye>s ! great cat>acts1 z =     
in/ance1 ,niag>a1 h be5 s++ _! solemn   
songs1 fill+ ! savage ) t]ror1 !        
civiliz$ ) awe2 record+ its a*ievem5ts 9
 books ( /one--useless & sublime2       
inspir+ behold]s ) ! maje/y (           
purposeless =ce & ! wa/efulness (       
nature4  ,=ce great en\gh to turn !     
:eels ( ! _w1 lo/1 useless4  ,s ) !     
great tides t rise & fall on all ! %ores
 ( ! _w--lo/ =ces4 ,& yet man is        
compell$ to use to exhau/ion's po9t !   
little /r5g? he has4  ,?is w be *ang$4  

,! great cat>acts & ! great tides w     
submit to ! g5ius ( man4 ,!y are to be =
 use4 ,niag>a w n be all[$ to rema9 a   
b>r5 ro>4 ,x mu/ become ! s]vant ( man4 
,x w weave robes = m5 & wom54 ,x w      
fa%ion implem5ts = ! f>m] & ! me*anic4  
,x w propel coa*es = ri* & poor4 ,x w   
fill /reets & homes ) light1 & ! old    
b>r5 ro> w be *ang$ to songs ( success1 
to ! voices ( love & cont5t & joy4      
,sci5ce at la/ has f\nd t all =ces are  
conv]tible into ea* o!r1 & t all are    
only diff]5t aspects ( "o fact4  ,s !   
flood is /ill a t]ror1 b1 9 my judgm5t1 
! "t w come :5 ! floods w be controll$  
by ! g5ius ( man1 :5 ! tribut>ies ( !   
great riv]s & _! tribut>ies w be damm$ 9
 su* a way z to collect ! wat]s ( e     
flood & give !m out gradually ?r\gh all 
! ye>1 ma9ta9+ an equal curr5t at all   
times 9 ! great riv]s4  ,we h at la/    
f\nd t =ce occupies a circle1 t ,niag>a 
is a *ild ( ! ,sun--t ! sun %9es1 ! mi/ 
rises1 cl\ds =m1 ! ra9 falls1 ! riv]s   
fl[ to ! lakes1 & ,niag>a fills ! heav5s

 ) its song4 ,man w arre/ ! fall+ flood2
 he w *ange its =ce to electricity2 t is
 to say1 to light1 & !n =ce w h made !  
circuit f light to light4  9999999999   
,,are ,m5's *>act]s fully det]m9$ at !  
age ( ?irty8  ,x dep5ds1 fir/1 on :at _!
 opportunities h be5--t is to say1 on _!
 surr\nd+s1 _! education1 _! advantages2
 second1 on ! %ape1 quality & quantity (
 bra9 !y happ5 to possess2 ?ird1 on _!  
m5tal & moral c\rage2 &1 f\r?1 on ! "* (
 ! p among :om !y live4  ,! natural man 
cont9ues to gr[4 ,! long] he lives1 ! m 
he ought to "k1 & ! m he kn[s1 ! m he   
*anges ! views & op9ions held by him 9 8
 y\?4 ,e new fact results 9 a *ange (   
views m or less radical4 ,?is gr[? ( !  
m9d may be h9d]$ by ! tyrann\s nor? w9d 
( public op9ion2 by ! bigotry ( 8       
associates2 by ! fe> t he _c make a liv+
 if he becomes unpopul>2 & x is to "s   
ext5t affect$ by ! ambition ( ! p]son2 t
 is to say1 if he wi%es to hold (fice ! 
t5d5cy is to agree ) 8 neighbor1 or at  
lea/ to r\nd (f & smoo? ! corn]s &      

angles ( diff]5ce4 ,if a man wi%es to   
asc]ta9 ! tru?1 reg>dless ( ! op9ions ( 
8 fell[-citiz5s1 ! probability is t he w
 *ange f day to day & f ye> to ye>--t   
is1 8 intellectual horizon w wid5--& t  
:at he once deem$ ( great importance w  
be reg>d$ z an exce$+ly small segm5t ( a
 great] circle4  ,gr[? means *ange4 ,if 
a man gr[s aft] ?irty ye>s he mu/       
necess>ily *ange4 ,_m m5 probably rea*  
_! intellectual height long be=e !y h   
liv$ ?irty ye>s1 & sp5d ! balance ( _!  
lives 9 def5d+ ! mi/akes ( _! y\?4 ,a   
great man cont9ues to gr[ until 8 dea?1 
& gr[?--z ,i said be=e--means *ange4    
,d>w9 0 cont9ually f9d+ new facts1 &    
kept 8 m9d z op5 to a new tru? z ! ,ea/ 
is to ! ris+ ( ano!r sun4 ,humboldt at !
 age ( n9ety ma9ta9$ ! attitude ( a     
pupil1 & 01 until ! mom5t ( 8 dea?1     
will+ to le>n4  ,! m a man kn[s1 ! m    
will+ he is to le>n4 ,! less a man kn[s1
 ! m positive1 a8 is t he kn[s ev]y?+4  
,! smalle/ m9ds mature ! e>lie/4 ,! less
 !re is to a man ! quick] he atta9s 8   

gr[?4 ,i h kn[n _m p :o rea*$ _!        
intellectual height :ile 9 _! "m's arms4
 ,i h kn[n p :o 7 exce$+ly sm>t babies  
to become excessively /upid p4 ,x is )  
m5 z ) o!r ?+s4 ,! mulle9 ne$s only a   
ye>1 b ! oak a c5tury1 & ! greate/ m5   
are ^? :o h cont9u$ to gr[ z long z !y h
 liv$4 ,small p delight 9 :at !y call   
consi/5cy--t is1 x gives !m imm5se      
pleasure to say t !y believe n[ exactly 
z !y did t5 ye>s ago4 ,?is simply am\nts
 to a c]tificate t !y h n gr[n--t !y h n
 develop$--& t !y "k j z little n[ z !y 
ev] did4 ,! highe/ possible conception (
 consi/5cy is to be true to ! k (       
to-day1 )\t ! slighte/ ref]5ce to :at   
y\r op9ion 0 ye>s ago4  ,!re is ano!r   
view ( ?is subject4 ,few m5 h settl$    
op9ions be=e or at ?irty4 ,( c\rse1 ,i d
 n include p]sons ( g5ius4 ,at ?irty !  
passions h1 z a rule1 too mu* influ5ce2 
! intellect is n ! pilot4 ,at ?irty mo/ 
m5 h prejudices r ?an op9ions--t is to  
say1 r ?an judgm5ts--& few m5 h liv$ to 
be sixty )\t mat]ially modify+ ! op9ions

 !y held at ?irty4  ,z ,i said 9 ! fir/ 
place1 mu* dep5ds on ! %ape1 quality &  
quantity ( bra92 mu* dep5ds on m5tal &  
moral c\rage4 ,!re are _m p ) great     
physical c\rage :o are afraid to express
 _! op9ions2 m5 :o w meet dea? )\t a    
tremor & w yet hesitate to express _!   
views4  ,s1 mu* dep5ds on ! "* ( ! p    
among :om we live4 ,a man 9 ! old times 
liv+ 9 ,new ,engl& ?\ght sev]al times   
be=e he express$ any op9ion contr>y to !
 views ( ! majority4 ,b if ! p h        
intellectual hospitality1 !n m5 express 
_! views--& x may be t we *ange some:at 
9 proportion to ! dec5cy ( our          
neighbors4 ,9 ! old times x 0 ?\ght t   
,god 0 oppos$ to any *ange ( op9ion1 & t
 no?+ s excit$ ! aug] ( ! deity z !     
expression ( a new ?\ght4 ,t idea is    
fad+ away4  ,! real tru? is t m5 *ange  
_! op9ions z long z !y gr[1 & only ^?   
rema9 ( ! same op9ion /ill :o h rea*$ ! 
intellectual autumn ( _! lives2 :o h    
gone to se$1 & :o are simply wait+ = !  
w9t] ( dea?4 ,n[ & !n !re is a bra9 9   

:i* !re is ! climate ( p]petual spr+--m5
 :o nev] gr[ old--& :5 su* a "o is f\nd 
we say1 ,"h is a g5ius4  ,tal5t has !   
f\r seasons3 spr+1 t is to say1 ! s[+ ( 
! se$s2 summ]1 gr[?2 autumn1 ! h>ve/2   
w9t]1 intellectual dea?4 ,b !re is n[ & 
!n a g5ius :o has no w9t]1 &1 no matt]  
h[ _m ye>s he may live1 on ! blossom ( 8
 ?\ght no sn[ falls4 ,g5ius has !       
climate ( p]petual gr[?4  9999999999    
,,! ,,moiety ,,sy/em4--,! ,secret>y ( ! 
,treasury recomm5ds a revival ( ! moiety
 sy/em4 ,aga9/ ?is infam\s /ep e hone/  
citiz5 ought to prote/4  ,9 ?is c\ntry1 
taxes _c be collect$ ?r\gh su*          
in/rum5talities4 ,an in=m] is n indig5\s
 to our soil4 ,he always has be5 &      
always w be held 9 m]it$ contempt4  ,e  
inducem5t1 by ?is sy/em1 is held out to 
! in=m] to become a li>4 ,! spy becomes 
an (fic] ( ! ,gov]nm5t4 ,he soon becomes
 ! t]ror ( 8 sup]ior4 ,he is a sword )\t
 a hilt & )\t a scabb>d4 ,e taxpay]     
becomes ! lawful prey ( a detective ^:  
prop]ty dep5ds ^u ! de/ruction ( 8 prey4

  ,^! in=m]s & spies are corrupt]s (    
public morals4 ,!y resort to all kn[n   
di%one/ means = ! accompli%m5t ( :at !y 
pret5d to be an hone/ object4 ,) !m     
p]jury becomes a f9e art4 ,_! words are 
a commodity b\ght & sold 9 c\rts (      
ju/ice4  ,?is is ! fir/ phase4 ,9 a     
little :ile juries w refuse to believe  
!m1 & e suit 9 :i* !y are introduc$ w be
 lo/ by ! ,gov]nm5t4 ,( ?is ! real      
?ieves w be quick to take advantage4 ,s 
_m hone/ m5 w h be5 falsely *>g$ by     
p]jur$ in=m]s & moiety miscreants1 t to 
convict ! guilty w become impossible4   
,if ! ,gov]nm5t wi%es to collect ! taxes
 x mu/ set an honorable example4 ,x mu/ 
deal k9dly & hone/ly ) ! p4 ,x mu/ n    
inaugurate a vampire sy/em ( espionage4 
,x mu/ n take x = grant$ t e manufactur]
 & import] is a ?ief1 & t all spies &   
in=m]s are hone/ m54  ,! rev5ues ( ?is  
c\ntry are z hone/ly paid z !y are      
exp5d$4 ,!re has be5 z mu* fair deal+   
outside z inside ( ! ,treasury          
,dep>tm5t4  ,b1 h[ev] t may be1 ! in=m] 

sy/em w n make !m hone/ m51 b w 9 all   
probability produce exactly ! opposite  
result4 ,if our sy/em ( taxation is s   
unpopul> t ! rev5ues _c be collect$ )\t 
brib+ m5 to tell ! tru?2 if our (fic]s  
mu/ be (f]$ rew>ds beyond _! sal>ies to 
/ate ! facts2 if x is impossible to     
employ m5 to dis*>ge _! duties hone/ly1 
!n let u *ange ! sy/em4 ,! moiety sy/em 
makes ! ,treasury ,dep>tm5t a va/       
vampire suck+ ! blood ( ! p ^u %>es4    
,am]icans dete/ in=m]s1 spies1          
detectives1 turn]s ( ,/ate's evid5ce1   
eavesdropp]s1 paid li/5]s1 hypocrites1  
public smell]s1 track]s1 human h\nds &  
f]rets4 ,!y despise m5 :o suspect = a   
liv+2 !y hate legal ly]s-9-wait & !     
highwaym5 ( ! law4 ,!y abhor ! betray]s 
( fri5ds & ^? :o lead & tempt o!rs to   
commit a crime 9 ord] t !y may detect x4
 ,9 a mon>*y1 ! detective sy/em is a    
necessity4 ,! great ?ief has to be      
su/a9$ by small] ones4--,decemb]        
#d1ahgg4  9999999999  ,,language4--,mo/ 
p imag9e t m5 h always talk$2 t language

 is z old z ! race2 & x is suppos$ t "s 
language 0 taught by "s my?ological god 
to ! fir/ pair4 ,b we n[ "k1 if we "k   
any?+1 t language is a gr[?2 t e ^w _h  
to be creat$ by man1 & t back ( e ^w is 
"s want1 "s wi%1 "s necessity ( ! body  
or m9d1 & also a g5ius to embody t want 
or t wi%1 to express t ?\ght 9 "s s\nd t
 we call a ^w4  ,at fir/1 ! probability 
is t m5 utt]$ s\nds ( fe>1 ( cont5t1 (  
ang]1 or happ9ess4 ,& ! probability is t
 ! fir/ s\nds or cries express$ su*     
feel+s1 & ^! s\nds 7 n\ns1 adjectives1 &
 v]bs4  ,aft] a "t1 man began to give 8 
ideas to o!rs by rude pictures1 draw+s (
 animals & trees & ! v>i\s o!r ?+s ) :i*
 he c\ld give rude ?\ghts4 ,at fir/ he  
w\ld make a picture ( ! :ole animal4    
,aft]w>d "s "p ( ! animal w\ld /& = !   
:ole1 & 9 "s ( ! old picture-writ+s !   
curve ( ! no/ril ( a horse /&s = !      
animal4 ,?is 0 ! %or?& ( picture-writ+4 
,b x 0 a long j\rney to :]e m>ks w\ld   
/&1 n = pictures1 b = s\nds4 ,& !n ?9k (
 ! di/ance /ill to ! alphabet4 ,!n to   

writ+1 s t m>ks took entirely ! place ( 
pictures4 ,!n ! inv5tion ( movable type1
 & !n ! press1 mak+ x possible to save !
 weal? ( ! bra92 mak+ x possible = a man
 to leave n simply 8 prop]ty to 8       
fell[-man1 n h\ses & l&s & doll>s1 b 8  
ideas1 8 ?\ghts1 8 !ories1 8 dreams1 !  
poetry & pa?os ( 8 s\l4 ,n[ ea* g5]ation
 is heir to all ! pa/4  ,if we _h free  
?\ght1 !n we c\ld collect ! weal? ( !   
intellectual _w4 ,9 ! physical _w1 spr+s
 make ! creeks & brooks1 & !y ! riv]s1 &
 ! riv]s empty into ! great sea4 ,s ea* 
bra9 %\ld add to ! sum ( human k4 ,if we
 d5y fre$om ( ?\ght1 ! spr+s cease to   
gurgle1 ! riv]s to run1 & ! great ocean 
( k becomes a des]t ( b>r51 ignorant s&4
  9999999999  ,,?is ,,is ,,an ,,age ,,( 
,,money-,,gett+1 ( mat]ialism1 ( cold1  
unfeel+ sci5ce4 ,! "q arises1 ,is ! _w  
gr[+ less g5]\s1 less h]oic1 less       
*ivalric8  ,let u answ] ?is4 ,! exp]i5ce
 ( ! individual is mu* l ! exp]i5ce ( a 
g5]ation1 or ( a race4 ,an old man      
imag9es t ev]y?+ 0 bett] :5 he 0 "y2 t !

 wea!r c\ld !n be dep5d$ on2 t sudd5    
*anges are rec5t inv5tions4 ,s he w tell
 y t p us$ to be hone/2 t ! groc]s gave 
full weight & ! m]*ants full measure1 & 
t ! bank ca%i] did n sp5d ! ev5+ ( 8    
days 9 ,canada4  ,he w also tell y t !  
wom5 7 h&some & virtu\s4 ,!re 7 no      
sc&als !n1 no divorces1 & t 9 religion  
all 7 or?odox--no ,infidels4 ,be=e he   
gets ?r\gh1 he w probably tell y t ! art
 ( cook+ has be5 lo/--t nobody c make   
biscuit n[1 & t he nev] expects to eat  
ano!r slice ( good bread4  ,he mi/akes !
 twilight ( 8 own life = ! com+ ( !     
night ( univ]sal decay & dea?4 ,he      
imag9es t t has happ5$ to ! _w1 :i* has 
only happ5$ to him4 ,x does n occur to  
him t millions at ! mom5t he is talk+   
are und]go+ ! exp]i5ce ( 8 y\?1 & t :5  
!y become old !y w praise ! v days t he 
d5\nces4  ,! ,g>d5 ( ,ed5 has always be5
 beh9d u4 ,! ,gold5 ,age1 aft] all1 is !
 memory ( y\?--x is ! result ( rememb]$ 
pleasure 9 ! mid/ ( pres5t pa94  ,to old
 age y\? is div9e1 & ! morn+ ( life     

cl\dless4  ,s n[ ?\s&s & millions ( p   
suppose t ! age ( true *ivalry has gone 
by & t hone/y has ab\t conclud$ to leave
 ! _w4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ! age kn[n z !
 age ( *ivalry 0 ! age ( tyranny1 (     
arrogance & c[>dice4 ,m5 clad 9 complete
 armor cut d[n ! peasants t 7 cov]$ )   
lea!r1 & ^! soldi]s ( ! *ivalric age    
armor$ !mselves to t degree t if !y fell
 9 battle !y c\ld n rise1 held to ! e>? 
by ! weight ( iron t _! brav]y _h got   
itself entr5*$ )94 ,comp>e ! diff]5ce 9 
c\rage betwe5 go+ to w> 9 coats ( mail  
aga9/ sword & spe>1 & *>g+ a batt]y (   
,krupp guns6  ,! ideas ( ju/ice h gr[n  
l>g] & nobl]4 ,*>ity n[ does1 )\t a     
?\ght1 :at ! av]age man a few c5turies  
ago 0 incapable ( imag9+4 ,9 ! old times
 slav]y 0 upheld1 & imprisonm5t = debt4 
,hundr$s ( crimes--or r misdemeanors--7 
puni%able by dea?4 ,prisons 7 loa?some  
beyond description4 ,?\s&s & ?\s&s di$ 9
 *a9s4 ,! insane 7 treat$ l wild bea/s2 
no respect 0 paid to sex or age4 ,wom5 7
 burn$ & behead$ & torn asund] z ?\gh !y

 _h be5 hy5as1 & *ildr5 7 but*]$ ) !    
greate/ possible *e]fulness4  ,s x seems
 to me t ! _w is m *ivalric1 m g5]\s1   
ne>] j & fair1 m *>itable1 ?an ev] be=e4
  9999999999  ,,! ,,color$ ,,man is do+ 
well4 ,he is hungry = k4 ,_! *ildr5 are 
go+ to s*ool4 ,color$ boys are tak+     
prizes 9 ! colleges4 ,a color$ man 0 !  
orator ( ,h>v>d4 ,!y are indu/ri\s1 & 9 
! ,s\? _m are becom+ ri*4 ,z ! p1 black 
& :ite1 become educat$ !y become bett]  
fri5ds4 ,! old prejudice is ! *ild (    
ignorance4 ,! color$ man w succe$ if !  
,s\? succe$s4 ,! ,s\? is ri*] to-day ?an
 ev] be=e1 m prosp]\s1 & bo? races are  
really improv+4 ,! greate/ dang] 9 !    
,s\?1 & = t matt] all ov] ! c\ntry1 is !
 mob4 ,x is ! duty ( e good citiz5 to   
d5\nce ! mob4 ,d[n ) ! mob4  9999999999 
,,fre$om ,,( ,,religion is ! de/ruction 
( religion4 ,9 ,rome1 aft] p 7 all[$ to 
wor%ip _! own gods1 all gods fell into  
disrepute4 ,x w be s 9 ,am]ica4 ,"h is  
fre$om ( religion1 & all devotees f9d t 
! gods ( o!r devotees are j z good z    

!irs4 ,!y f9d t ! pray]s ( o!rs are     
answ]$ precisely z _! pray]s are answ]$4
  ,! ,prote/ant ,god is no bett] ?an !  
,ca?olic1 & ! ,ca?olic is no bett] ?an !
 ,mormon1 & ! ,mormon is no bett] ?an   
,nature = answ]+ pray]s4 ,9 o!r words1  
all pray]s die 9 ! air :i* !y uselessly 
agitate4 ,!re is und\bt$ly a t5d5cy     
among ! ,prote/ant d5om9ations to unite4
 ,?is t5d5cy is born ( weakness1 n (    
/r5g?4 ,9 a few ye>s1 if all %\ld unite1
 !y w\ld h>dly h p[] en\gh to ob/ruct1 =
 any consid]able "t1 ! m>* ( !          
intellectual ho/ de/9$ to conqu] ! _w4  
,b let u all be good natur$2 let u give 
to o!rs all ! rights t we claim =       
ourselves4 ,! future1 ,i believe1 has   
bo? h&s full ( bless+s = ! human race4  
9999999999  ,,! ,,dei/s ,,&             
,,nature4--,we :o d5y ! sup]natural     
orig9 ( ! ,bible1 mu/ admit n only t x  
exi/s1 b t x 0 naturally produc$4 ,if x 
is n sup]natural1 x is natural4 ,x w    
h>dly d = ! wor%ip]s ( ,nature to hold !
 ,bible 9 contempt1 simply because x is 

n a sup]natural book4  ,! ,dei/s ( ! la/
 c5tury made a mi/ake4 ,!y proce$$ to %[
 t ! ,bible is immoral1 untrue1 cruel & 
absurd1 & !re=e came to ! conclusion t x
 c\ld n h be5 writt5 by a be+ ( inf9ite 
wisdom & goodness1--! be+ :om !y believ$
 to be ! au?or ( ,nature4 ,c\ld n       
inf9ite wisdom & goodness j z easily    
comm& crime z to p]mit x8 ,is x really  
any worse to ord] ! /rong to slay !     
weak1 ?an to /& by & refuse to protect !
 weak8  ,aft] all1 is ,nature1 tak5     
toge!r1 any bett] ?an ! ,bible8 ,if ,god
 did n comm& ! ,jews to murd] !         
,canaanites1 ,nature1 to say ! lea/1 did
 n prev5t x4 ,if ,god did n uphold !    
practice ( polygamy1 ,nature did4 ,!    
mom5t we d5y ! sup]natural orig9 ( !    
,bible1 we decl>e t ,nature wrote its e 
^w1 comm&$ all its cruelties1 told all  
its falsehoods4 ,! ,bible is1 l ,nature1
 a mixture ( :at we call good & bad1--( 
:at appe>s1 & ( :at 9 reality is4  ,!   
,bible mu/ h be5 a p]fectly natural     
production n only1 b a necess>y "o4 ,!re

 01 & is1 no p[] 9 ! univ]se t c\ld h   
*ang$ "o ^w4 ,all ! mi/akes 9           
translation 7 necess>ily made1 & n "o1  
by any possibility1 c\ld h be5 avoid$4  
,t book1 l all o!r facts 9 ,nature1 c\ld
 n h be5 o!rwise ?an x is4 ,! fact be+ t
 ,nature has produc$ all sup]/itions1   
all p]secution1 all slav]y1 & e crime1  
ought to be suffici5t to det] ! av]age  
man f imag9+ t ?is p[]1 :atev] x may be1
 is wor?y ( wor%ip4  ,!re is good 9     
,nature4 ,x is ! nature 9 u t p]ceives !
 evil1 t pursues ! "r4 ,9 man1 ,nature n
 only contemplates h]self1 b approves or
 condemns h] actions4 ,( c\rse1 good &  
bad are relative t]ms1 & ?+s are good or
 bad z !y affect man well or ill4       
,infidels1 skeptics1--t is to say1      
,free?9k]s1 h oppos$ ! ,bible on acc\nt 
( ! bad ?+s 9 x1 & ,*ri/ians h upheld x1
 n on acc\nt ( ! bad1 b on acc\nt ( !   
good4 ,?r[ away ! doctr9e ( inspiration1
 & ! ,bible w be m p[]ful = good & f>   
less = evil4 ,only a few ye>s ago1      
,*ri/ians look$ ^u ! ,bible z ! bulw>k (

 human slav]y4 ,x 0 ! ^w ( ,god1 & = t  
reason 0 sup]ior to ! reason ( un9spir$ 
man4 ,_h x be5 consid]$ simply z ! "w ( 
man1 x w\ld n h be5 quot$ to e/abli% t  
:i* ! man ( ?is age condemns4 ,?r[ away 
! idea ( inspiration1 & all passages 9  
conflict ) lib]ty1 ) sci5ce1 ) !        
exp]i5ce ( ! intellig5t "p ( ! human    
race1 in/antly become h>mless4 ,!y are  
no long] guides = man4 ,!y are simply ! 
op9ions ( dead b>b>ians4 ,! good        
passages n only rema91 b _! influ5ce is 
increas$1 because !y are reliev$ ( a    
burd54  ,no "o c>es :e!r ! tru? is      
inspir$ or n4 ,! tru? is indep5d5t (    
man1 n only1 b ( ,god4 ,& by tru? ,i d n
 mean ! absolute1 ,i mean ?is3 ,tru? is 
! relation betwe5 ?+s & ?\ghts1 & betwe5
 ?\ghts & ?\ghts4 ,! p]ception ( ?is    
relation be>s ! same relation to !      
logical faculty 9 man1 t music does to  
"s portion ( ! bra9--t is to say1 x is a
 m5tal melody4 ,?is sublime /ra9 has be5
 he>d by a few1 & ,i am en?usia/ic en\gh
 to believe t x w be ! music ( ! future4

  ,= ! good & = ! true 9 ! ,old & ,new  
,te/am5ts ,i h ! same reg>d t ,i h = !  
good & true1 no matt] :]e !y may be     
f\nd4 ,we :o "k h[ false ! hi/ory (     
to-day is2 we :o "k ! almo/ numb]less   
mi/akes t m5 make :o are endeavor+ to   
tell ! tru?2 we :o "k h[ h>d x is1 ) all
 ! facilities we n[ h--) ! daily press1 
! telegraph1 ! fact t ne>ly all c read &
 write--to get a tru?ful report ( !     
simple/ occurr5ce1 mu/ see t no?+ %ort (
 inspiration 7admitt+ = ! mom5t !       
possibility ( su* a ?+17 c\ld h prev5t$ 
! ,scriptures f be+ fill$ ) error4      
9999999999  ,,at ,,la/1 ,,! ,,s*oolh\se 
is l>g] ?an ! *ur*4 ,! common p h1 ?r\gh
 education1 become uncommon4 ,!y n[ "k  
h[ little is really kn[n by k+s1        
presid5ts1 legislators1 & pr(essors4 ,at
 la/1 !y are capable ( n only und]/&+ a 
few que/ions1 b !y h acquir$ ! art (    
discuss+ ^? t no "o und]/&s4 ,) !       
facility ( ! cultur$1 !y c n[ hide beh9d
 phrases & make b>ricades ( /ati/ics4   
,!y und]/& ! sophi/ries ( ! upp]        

classes2 & :ile ! cultur$ h be5 turn+ _!
 att5tion to ! classics1 to ! dead      
languages1 & ! dead ideas t !y          
conta91--:ile !y h be5 giv+ _! att5tion 
to c]amics1 arti/ic decorations1 &      
compulsory pray]s1 ! common p h be5     
compell$ to le>n ! practical ?+s4 ,!y   
are acqua9t$ ) facts1 because !y h done 
! "w ( ! _w4  9999999999                
,,cruelty4--,sometimes x has seem$ to me
 t cruelty is ! climate ( crime1 & t    
g5]osity is ! ,spr+1 ,summ] & ,autumn ( 
virtue4 ,e =m ( wick$ness1 ( meanness1  
spr+s f selfi%ness1 t is to say1 f      
cruelty4 ,e good man hates & despises ! 
wret* :o abuses wife & *ild--:o rules by
 curses & bl[s & makes 8 home a k9d (   
hell4 ,s1 no g5]\s man wi%es to         
associate ) "o :o ov]works 8 horse &    
fe$s ! lean & fa9t+ bea/ ) bl[s4  ,!    
b>b>ian delights 9 inflict+ pa94 ,he    
loves to see 8 victim ble$1--b !        
civiliz$ man /aun*es blood1 b9ds up     
w\nds & decreases pa94 ,he pities !     
suff]+ animal z well z ! suff]+ man4    

,he w\ld no m inflict wanton w\nds ^u a 
dog ?an on a man4 ,! he>t ( ! civiliz$  
man speaks = ! dumb & helpless4  ,a good
 man w\ld no m ?9k ( flay+ a liv+ animal
 ?an ( murd]+ 8 "m4 ,! man :o cuts a ho(
 f ! leg ( a horse is capable ( committ+
 any crime t does n require c\rage4 ,su*
 an exp]im5t c be ( no use4 ,"u no      
circum/ances are ho(s tak5 f horses = ! 
good ( ! horses any m ?an _! heads w\ld 
be cut (f4  ,?9k ( ! pa9 inflict$ by    
sep>at+ ! ho( ( a liv+ horse f ! fle%6  
,if ! poor bea/ c\ld speak :at w\ld he  
say8 ,! same k c\ld be obta9$ by cutt+  
away ! ho( ( a dead horse4 ,k ( e bone1 
ligam5t1 art]y & ve91 ( e c>tilage &    
jo9t c be obta9$ by ! dissection ( !    
dead4 ,b1 says ! biologi/1 we mu/       
dissect ! liv+4  ,well1 millions ( liv+ 
animals h be5 cut 9 pieces2 millions (  
exp]im5ts h be5 tri$2 all ! n]ves h be5 
t\*$2 e possible agony has be5 inflict$ 
t +5uity c\ld inv5t & cruelty accompli%4
 ,_m volumes h be5 publi%$ fill$ )      
acc\nts ( ^! exp]im5ts1 giv+ all !      

details & ! results4 ,p :o are curi\s   
ab\t su* ?+s c read ^! reports4 ,!re is 
no ne$ ( repeat+ ^! savage exp]im5ts4 ,x
 is n[ kn[n h[ long a dog c live ) all !
 pores ( 8 sk9 clos$1 h[ long he c      
survive ! loss ( 8 sk91 or "o lobe ( 8  
bra91 or bo? ( 8 kidneys1 or "p ( 8     
inte/9es1 or )\t 8 liv]1 & !re is no    
necessity ( mutilat+ & mangl+ ?\s&s (   
o!r dogs to sub/antiate :at is already  
kn[n4  ,( :at possible use is x to "k j 
h[ long an animal c live )\t wat]--at   
:at "t he becomes insane f ?ir/1 or bl9d
 or deaf8  9999999999  ,,! ,,_w',s      
,,fair w d great good4 ,a great _m ?\s& 
p ( ! ,old ,_w w = ! fir/ "t und]/& !   
new2 w = ! fir/ "t appreciate :at a free
 p c d4 ,= ! fir/ "t !y w "k ! value (  
free in/itutions1 ( individual          
indep5d5ce1 ( a c\ntry :]e p express _! 
?\ghts1 are n afraid ( ea* o!r1 n afraid
 to try--a p s accu/om$ to success t    
disa/] is n tak5 into calculation4 ,(   
c\rse1 we h great advantages4 ,we h a   
new half ( ! _w4 ,we h soil bett] ?an is

 f\nd 9 o!r c\ntries1 & ! soil is new & 
g5]\s & anxi\s to be cultivat$4 ,s we h 
ev]y?+ 9 hill & m\nta9 t man c          
ne$--silv]1 & gold1 & iron beyond       
computation--&1 9 addition to all t1 our
 p are ! mo/ inv5tive4 ,we su/a9 ab\t ! 
same relation to inv5tion t ,italy 9 h] 
palmy days did to art1 or t ,spa9 did to
 sup]/ition4  ,& "r "h x may be well    
en\gh to say t ,i ?9k x 0 exce$+ly      
un=tunate t ?is c\ntry 0 discov]$ "u !  
auspices ( ,spa94 ,f]d9& & ,isabella 7 a
 c\ple ( wret*es4 ,! same ye> t         
,columbus discov]$ ,am]ica1 ^! sov]eigns
 expell$ ! ,jews f ,spa91 & ! expulsion 
0 accompani$ by e outrage1 by e atrocity
 to :i* man--t is to say1 savage man--t 
is to say1 ! sup]/iti\s savage--is      
capable ( inflict+4  ,! ,spani>ds came  
to ,am]ica & de/roy$ two civilizations  
f> bett] ?an _! own4 ,!y 7 natural      
robb]s1 buccane]s1 & ?\ght no?+ ( murd]+
 ?\s&s = gold4 ,i am p]fectly will+ to  
celebrate ! fact ( discov]y1 b = !      
sov]eigns ( ,spa9 ,i am n will+ to      

celebrate1 except1 p]haps _! dea?s4 ,!re
 is at lea/ "s joy to be extract$ f t4  
,9 spite ( ! unt[>d circum/ances "u :i* 
! cont95t 0 discov]$ & settl$1 !re is "o
 ?+ t c\nt]act$ to a c]ta9 degree !     
influ5ce ( ! ,old ,_w 9 ! ,new4         
,possibly we owe our lib]ty to !        
,indians4 ,if !re _h be5 no ho/ile      
savages on ?is cont95t1 ! k+s & pr9ces (
 ! ,old ,_w w\ld h tak5 possession &    
w\ld h divid$ x out among _! favorites4 
,!y tri$ to d t1 b _! favorites c\ld n  
take possession4 ,!y _h to fight = !    
soil & 9 ! conflict ( c5turies !y f\nd t
 a good fight] 0 a good citiz51 & !     
ideas ( ca/e 7 sl[ly lo/4  ,!n ano!r ?+ 
0 ( b5efit to u4 ,! settl]s felt t !y _h
 e>n$ ! soil2 t !y _h f\ght = x1 ga9$ x 
by _! suff]+s1 _! c\rage1 _! selfd5ial1 
& _! labor2 & ! idea crept into _! heads
 t ! k+s 9 ,europe1 :o _h done no?+1 _h 
no "r to dictate to !m4  ,?us at fir/ ! 
_s ( ca/e 0 de/roy$ by respectability   
re/+ on usefulness4 ,! _s ( subs]vi5cy  
to ! ,old ,_w also di$1 & ! p :o _h     

rescu$ ! l& made up _! m9ds n only to   
own x1 b to control x4 ,!y 7 also firmly
 conv9c$ t ! pr(its belong$ to !m4 ,9   
?is way manhood 0 recogniz$ 9 ! ,new    
,_w4 ,9 ?is way grew up ! feel+ (       
nationality "h4  ,:at ,i wi% to see     
celebrat$ 9 ?is great exposition are !  
triumphs t h be5 a*iev$ 9 ?is ,new ,_w4 
,^! ,i wi% to see above all4 ,at ! same 
"t ,i want ! be/ t labor & ?\ght h      
produc$ 9 all c\ntries4 ,x seems to me t
 9 ! pres5ce ( ! wond]ful ma*9es1 ( ^?  
m>vel\s me*anical contrivances by :i* we
 take advantage ( ! =ces ( nature1 by   
:i* we make s]vants ( ! elem5tal p[]s--9
 ! pres5ce1 ,i say1 ( ^!1 x seems to me 
respect = labor mu/ be born4 ,we %all   
beg9 to appreciate ! m5 ( use in/ead (  
^? :o h pos$ z decorations4 ,all !      
beautiful ?+s1 all ! useful ?+s1 come f 
labor1 & x is labor t has made ! _w a   
fit habitation = ! human race4  ,take f 
! ,_w's ,fair :at labor has produc$--!  
"w ( ! great arti/s--& no?+ w be left4  
,:at h ! great conqu]ors to %[ 9 ?is    

great exhibition8 ,:at %all we get f !  
,caes>s & ! ,napoleons8 ,:at %all we get
 f popes & c>d9als8 ,:at %all we get f !
 nobility8 ,f pr9ces & lords & dukes8   
,:at excuse h !y = hav+ exi/5ce & = hav+
 liv$ on ! bread e>n$ by hone/ m58 ,!y  
/& 9 ! %[-w9d[s ( hi/ory1 lay figures1  
on :i* f9e goods are %[n1 b inside !    
raim5t !re is no?+1 & nev] 04 ,?is      
exposition w be ! apo!osis ( labor4 ,no 
man c att5d x )\t los+1 if he has any   
s5se at all1 ! _s ( ca/e2 or1 if he /ill
 ma9ta9s x1 he w put ! useful 9 ! highe/
 class1 & ! useless1 :e!r c>ry+ sceptres
 or di%es = alms1 9 ! l[e/4--,octob]1   
#ahib4  9999999999  ,,! ,,savage made ( 
! riv]1 ! tree1 ! m\nta91 a feti*4 ,he  
put )91 or beh9d ^! ?+s1 a _s--accord+  
to ,mr4 ,sp5c]1 ! _s ( a dead ance/or4  
,?is is consid]$ by ! mod]n ,*ri/ian1 & 
9 fact by ! mod]n philosoph]1 z ! l[e/  
possible phase ( ! religi\s idea4 ,to   
put beh9d ! riv] or ! tree1 or )9 !m1 a 
_s1 a some?+1 is consid]$ ! religion (  
savag]y2 b to put beh9d ! univ]se1 or )9

 x1 ! same k9d ( feti*1 is consid]$ !   
height ( philosophy4  ,= my "p1 ,i see  
no possible di/9ction 9 ^! sy/ems1      
except t ! view ( ! savage is altoge!r !
 m poetic4 ,! feti* ( ! savage is !     
n\m5on ( ! ,greek1 ! ,god ( ! !ologian1 
! ,fir/ ,cause ( ! metaphysician1 !     
,unkn[able ( ,sp5c]4  9999999999  ,,!   
,,un?9kable4--,x is admitt$ by all :o h 
?\ght ^u ! "q t a ,fir/ ,cause is       
un?9kable--t a creative p[] is beyond ! 
rea* ( human ?\ght4 ,x !re=e foll[s t ! 
miracul\s is un?9kable4 ,!re is no      
possible way 9 :i* ! human m9d c ev5 ?9k
 ( a miracle4 ,x is inf9itely beyond our
 p[] ( conception4 ,we c conceive ( !   
/atem5t1 b n ( ! ?+4 ,x is impossible = 
! intellect to conceive ( a clay pot    
produc+ oil4 ,x is impossible to        
conceive ev51 ( human life be+ p]petuat$
 9 ! mid/ ( fire4 ,?is is j z un?9kable 
z t twice two are tw5ty-sev54 ,a man c  
say t ?ree times ?ree are two1 b x is   
impossible to ?9k ( any su* ?+--t is1 to
 ?9k ( su* a /atem5t z true4 ,a man may 

say t he he>d a /one s+ a song & he>d x 
aft]w>d repeat a "p ( ,milton's ,p>adise
 ,lo/4 ,n[1 ,i c conceive ( a man tell+ 
su* a falsehood1 b ,i _c conceive ( ! ?+
 hav+ happ5$4  9999999999  ,,c ,,human  
,,te/imony ,ov]come ! ,app>5tly         
,impossible ,)\t ,explanation8--,x c    
only be believ$ by a philosophic m9d :5 
expla9$--t is to say1 by be+ de/roy$ z a
 miracle1 & p]si/+ simply z a fact4     
,n[1 ,i say t a miracle is un?9kable    
because a p[] above ,nature1 a p[] t    
creat$ ,nature1 is un?9kable4 ,& if a   
p[] above ,nature be un?9kable1 !       
miracles claim+ to be sup]natural are   
un?9kable4 ,9 o!r words1 all consequ5ces
 fl[+ f a belief 9 an inf9ite ,creator  
are necess>ily un?9kable4  9999999999   
,,ed\>d ,,rem5yi4--,?is week ! great    
viol9i/1 ,ed\>d ,rem5yi1 z my gue/1     
visit$ ! ,bass ,rocks ,h\se1 ,cape ,ann1
 ,mass41 & = ?ree days delight$ &       
entranc$ ! =tunate idl]s ( ! bea*4 ,he  
play$ ne>ly all ! "t1 night & day1      
seem+ly c>ri$ away ) 8 own music4 ,among

 ! _m selections giv51 7 ! &ante f !    
,t5? ,sonata 9 ,e flat1 also f ! ,twelf?
 ,sonata 9 ,g m9or1 by ,moz>t4 ,no?+    
c\ld exce$ ! wond]ful play+ ( !         
selections f ! ,twelf? ,sonata4 ,a hu% z
 ( dea? fell ^u ! audi5ce1 & :5 he      
ceas$1 te>s fell ^u applaud+ h&s4 ,!n   
foll[$ ! ,elegie f ,ern/2 !n ,! ,ideal  
,dance compos$ by himself--a fairy      
piece1 full ( w+s & glanc+ feet1        
moonlight & melody1 :]e f\nta9s fall 9  
%[]s ( pe>l1 & waves ( music die on s&s 
( gold--!n came ! ,b>c>ole by ,s*ub]t1 &
 he play$ ?is ) inf9ite _s1 9 a k9d (   
inspir$ fr5zy1 z ?\gh music itself 7 mad
 ) joy2 !n ! gr& ,sonata 9 ,g1 9 ?ree   
movem5ts1 by ,bee?ov54--,augu/1 #ahhj4  
,rem5yi's ,play+4--,9 my m9d ! old tones
 are /ill ris+ & fall+--/ill ?robb+1    
plead+1 besee*+1 implor+1 wail+ l !     
lo/--ris+ w+$ & triumphant1 sup]b &     
victori\s--!n c>ess+1 :isp]+ e ?\ght (  
love--intoxicat$1 deliri\s ) joy--pant+ 
) passion--fad+ to sil5ce z s(tly &     
imp]ceptibly z consci\sness is lo/ 9    

sleep4  9999999999  ,,! ,,k9d]g>t5 is   
p]fectly adapt$ to ! natural ne$s &     
desires ( *ildr54 ,mo/ *ildr5 dislike ! 
old sy/em & g unwill+ly to s*ool4 ,!y   
feel imprison$ & wait impati5tly = _!   
lib]ty4 ,!y le>n )\t und]/&+ & take no  
int]e/ 9 _! lessons4 ,9 ! ,k9d]g>t5 !re 
is p]fect lib]ty1 & /udy is trans=m$    
into play4 ,to le>n is a pleasure4 ,!re 
are no we>isome tasks--no m5tal         
drudg]y--no?+ b enjoym5t1--! enjoym5t ( 
natural developm5t 9 natural ways4      
,*ildr5 d n h to be driv5 to !          
,k9d]g>t54 ,to be kept away is a        
puni%m5t4  ,! exp]i5ce 9 _m t[ns &      
cities ju/ifies our belief t ! ,k9d]g>t5
 is ! only valuable s*ool = little      
*ildr54 ,!y are br\ght 9 contact )      
actual ?+s--) =ms & colors--?+s t c be  
se5 & t\*$1 & !y are taught to use _!   
h&s & s5ses--to und]/& qualities &      
relations1 & all is done "u ! guise (   
play4 ,we agree ) ,froebel :o said3 ,let
 u live = our *ildr54  9999999999  ,,!  
,,me?odi/ ,,*ur* ,,/ati/ics4--,fir/4 ,9 

#ahjj1 a resolution 9 favor ( gradual   
emancipation 0 defeat$4  ,second4 ,9    
#ahjd1 resolutions pass$ requir+ m9i/]s 
to exhort slaves to be ob$i5t to _!     
ma/]s4  ,?ird4 ,9 #ahjh1 ev]y?+ ab\t    
laym5 own+ slaves ,/rick5 out4  ,f\r?4  
,9 #ahbj1 a resolution t m9i/]s %\ld n  
hold slaves 0 defeat$4  ,fif?4 ,9 #ahcf1
 a resolution pass$ t ! ,me?odi/ ,*ur*  
oppos$1 abolition ( slav]y--"o hundr$ & 
tw5ty to f\rte54  ,six?4 ,9 #ahde-ahdf1 
! ,me?odi/ ,*ur* divid$--,bi%op ,&rews  
own$ slaves4  ,sev5?4 ,z late z #ahfj   
!re 7 ov] t5 ?\s& ,me?odi/s :o 7        
slavehold]s 9 ! ,m4 ,e4 ,*ur*1 ,nor?4   
9999999999  #aag ,ea/ #ba/ ,/r41 ,n4 ,y4
       99 ,response to an invitation to 
a d9n] & a billi>d      t\rnam5t at !   
,manhattan ,a?letic ,club1 ,new ,york   
,city4  ,feby4 #ah1 #ahii4  ,my ,de>    
,dr4 ,ranney3  ,i g to ,bo/on to-morr[4 
,s1 y see x is impossible = me to be ) y
 on ! #bb;d in/4 ,i w\ld l to make a few
 rem>ks on or?odox billi>ds4 ,! fact is 
t ! :ole _w is a table1 we are ! balls &

 ,fate plays ! game4 ,we are knock$ &   
:ack$ aga9/ ea* o!r1--foll[$ &          
drawn--:irl$ & twi/$1 pocket$ & spott$1 
& all ! "t we ?9k t we are do+ ! play+4 
,b no matt]1 we feel t we are 9 ! game1 
& a real good illusion is1 aft] all1 x  
may be1 ! only reality t we "k4 ,at !   
same "t1 ,i feel t ,fate is a c>eless   
play]--t he is always a little n]v\s &  
g5]ally =gets to *alk 8 cue4 ,i "k t he 
has made lots ( mi/akes ) me--lots (    
misses4  ,) _m ?anks1 ,i rema91 y\rs    
always4  ,r4 ,g4 ,+]soll4  9999999999   
,,?\ghts ,,on ,,*ri/mas1 #ahia4--;,x is 
beautiful to give "o day to ! ideal--to 
h "o day ap>t2 "o day = g5]\s de$s1 =   
good w1 = gladness2 "o day to =get !    
%ad[s1 ! ra9s1 ! /orms ( life2 to       
rememb] ! sun%9e1 ! happ9ess ( y\? &    
heal?2 "o day to =get ! bri]s & ?orns ( 
! w9d+ pa?1 to rememb] ! fruits & fl[]s2
 "o day 9 :i* to fe$ ! hungry1 to salute
 ! poor & l[ly2 "o day to feel !        
bro!rhood ( man2 "o day to rememb] !    
h]oic & lov+ de$s ( ! dead2 "o day to   

get acqua9t$ ) *ildr51 to rememb] ! old1
 ! un=tunate & ! imprison$2 "o day 9 :i*
 to =get y\rself & ?9k lov+ly ( o!rs2 "o
 day = ! family1 = ! fireside1 = wife & 
*ildr51 = ! love & laught]1 ! joy &     
rapture1 ( home2 "o day 9 :i* bonds &   
/ocks & de$s & notes & int]e/ &         
mortgages & all k9ds ( bus9ess & trade  
are =gott51 & all /ores & %ops &        
factories & (fices & banks & l$g]s &    
acc\nts & lawsuits are ca/ aside1 put   
away & lock$ up1 & ! we>y he>t & bra9   
are giv5 a voyage to fairyl&4  ,let u   
hope t su* a day is a prophecy ( :at all
 days w be4  9999999999  ,,! ,,or?odox  
,,prea*]s are sev]al c5turies 9 ! re>4  
,!y all love ! absurd1 & glory 9 believ+
 ! impossible4 ,!y are also z           
cons]vative z ?\gh !y 7 dead--good p--! 
lead]s ( ^? :o are go+ backw>d4         
9999999999       ,! ,man :o builds a    
home erects a temple4      ,! flame ^u !
 he>? is ! sacr$ fire4      ,he :o loves
 wife & *ildr5 is ! true wor%ip]4       
,=ms & c]emonies1 kneel+s & fa/+s are   

born ( selfi% fe>4      ,a good de$ is !
 be/ pray]4      ,a lov+ life is ! be/  
religion4      ,no "o kn[s :e!r !       
,unkn[n is wor?y ( wor%ip or n4         
9999999999  ,,we ,,two1 ,,! ,,d\bt+     
,,bra9 ,,& ,,hop+ ,,he>t1 ) somb] ?\ght 
& radiant wi%1 9 dusk & dawn1 9 light & 
%ade 'nea? /> & sun1 toge!r j\rney+ t[>d
 ! night4 ,& !n ! end1 sighs ! d\bt+    
bra9--b !re is no end1 says ! hop+ he>t4
 ,o ,bra96 if y knew1 y w\ld n d\bt4 ,o 
,he>t6 if y knew1 y w\ld n hope4        
9999999999  ,,rights ,,& ,,duties spr+ f
 ! same s\rce4 ,he :o has no rights has 
no duties4 ,)\t lib]ty !re c be no      
responsibility & no consci5ce4 ,man     
calls himself to an acc\nt = ! use ( 8  
p[]1 & passes judgm5t ^u himself4 ,!    
/&>d ( su* judgm5t we call consci5ce4 ,9
 ! proportion t man uses 8 lib]ty1 8    
p[]1 = ! good ( all1 he advances1       
becomes civiliz$4 ,civilization does n  
consi/ m]ely 9 inv5tion1 discov]y1      
mat]ial advancem5t1 b 9 do+ ju/ice4 ,by 
civilization is meant all discov]ies1   

facts1 !ories1 ag5cies1 t add to !      
happ9ess ( man4  9999999999  ,,at       
,,bay4--,sometimes 9 ! d>kness ( night  
,i feel z ?\gh surr\nd$ by ! great      
armies ( effacem5t--t ! horizon is gr[+ 
small] e mom5t--t ! f9al surr5d] is only
 po/pon$--t ev]y?+ is tak+ some?+ f     
me--t ,nature robs me ) h] c\ntless     
h&s--t my he>t gr[s weak] ) e beat--t   
ev5 kisses we> me away1 & t e ?\ght     
takes toll ( my brief life4  9999999999 
,,! ,,fir/ ,,anniv]s>y499--,"o ye> (    
p]fect heal?--( c\ntless smiles--( wond]
 & surprise--( gr[+ ?\ght & love--0 duly
 celebrat$ on ?is day1 & all paid       
tribute to ! infant que54 ,!re 7 :irl+  
?+s t scatt]$ music z !y turn$--& boxes 
fill$ ) tunes--& curi\s animals ( :ittl$
 wood--& ivory r+s ) t9kl+ bells--&     
little di%es = a fairy-fea/--horses t   
rock$1 & bleat+ %eep & mon/r\s elephants
 ( pa9t$ t94 ,a baby-t5d]1 = a t5d]     
babe1 g>m5ts ( silk & cu%ions wr\ght )  
fl[]s1 & pictures ( h] "m :5 a babe--&  
silv] di%es = ano!r ye>--& coa* & f\r & 

tra9 ( c>s--& bric-a-brac = a baby's    
h\se--& la/ ( all1 a pe>l1 to m>k h]    
fir/ r\nd ye> ( life & love4       99   
,writt5 on ! fir/ anniv]s>y ( 8 gr&*ild1
 ,eva      ,+]soll-,br[n1 ,augu/ #bg1   
#ahib4  9999999999  ,,%elley4--,! light 
( morn beyond ! purple hills--a palm t  
lifts its coronet ( leaves above !      
des]t's s&s--an isle ( gre5 9 "s f>     
sea--a spr+ t waits = lips ( ?ir/--a    
/ra9 ( music he>d )9 "s palace wr\ght ( 
dreams--a cl\d ( gold above a sett+     
sun--a fragrance waft$ f "s unse5 %ore4 
9999999999  ,,fate4--,nev] hurri$1 nev] 
delay$1 passionless1 pitiless1 pati5t1  
keep+ ! try/--nei!r e>ly nor late--!re1 
on ! v /roke & c5t] ( ! in/ant fix$4    
9999999999  ,,quiet1 & introspective    
calm come ) ! aft]noon4 ,t[>d ev5+ ! m9d
 gr[s satisfi$ & /ill4 ,! fl>e & flick] 
( y\? are gone1 & ! s\l is l ! flame ( a
 lamp :]e ! air is at re/4 ,age disc>ds 
! sup]flu\s1 ! immat]ial1 ! /raw & *aff1
 & ho>ds ! gold5 gra94 ,! highway is    
kn[n1 & ! pa?s no long] mislead4 ,cl\ds 

are n mi/ak5 = m\nta9s4  9999999999  ,,!
 ,,old ,,man has be5 long at ! fair4 ,he
 is acqua9t$ ) ! juggl]s at ! boo?s4 ,8 
curiosity has be5 satisfi$4 ,he no long]
 c>es = ! exceptional1 ! mon/r\s1 !     
m>vel\s & de=m$4 ,he looks ?r\gh &      
beyond ! gild+1 ! glitt] & gloss1 n only
 ( ?+s1 b ( conduct1 ( mann]s1 !ories1  
religions & philosophies4 ,he sees      
cle>]4 ,! light no long] %9es 9 8 eyes4 
9999999999  ,! "t w come :5 ev5         
selfi%ness w be *>itable = its own sake1
 because at t "t ! man w h gr[n &       
develop$ to t degree t selfi%ness dem&s 
g5]osity & k9dness & ju/ice4 ,! self    
becomes s noble t selfi%ness is a       
virtue4 ,! l[e/ =m ( selfi%ness is :5 "o
 is will+ to be happy1 or wi%es to be   
happy1 at ! exp5se or ! mis]y ( ano!r4  
,! highe/ =m ( selfi%ness is :5 a man   
becomes s noble t he f9ds 8 happ9ess 9  
mak+ o!rs s4 ,?is is ! nobility (       
selfi%ness4  9999999999  ,,cuba fell ^u 
h] knees--/ret*$ h] ?9 h&s t[>d ! great 
,republic4 ,we saw h] te>-fill$ eyes--h]

 )]$ brea/s--h] dead babes--h] dy+--h]  
buri$ & unburi$ dead4 ,we he>d h] voice1
 & pity1 r\s$ to action by h] grief1    
became z /]n z ju/ice1 & ! great        
,republic cri$ to ,spa93 ,%ea! ! dagg] (
 assass9ation2 take y\r bloody h& f !   
?roat ( ! helpless2 & take y\r flag f ! 
heav5 ( ! ,we/]n ,_w4  9999999999       
,p]haps ,i h rea*$ ! ye>s ( discretion4 
,b x may be t discretion is ! enemy (   
happ9ess4 ,if ! buds _h discretion !re  
might be no fruit4 ,s x may be t !      
follies committ$ 9 ! spr+ give autumn ! 
h>ve/4--,augu/ #aa1ahib4  9999999999    
,dick5s wrote = homes--,?ack]ay = clubs4
 ,byron did n c>e = ! fireside--= !     
prattle ( babes--= ! smiles & te>s (    
humble life4 ,he 0 t\*$ by gr&eur r ?an 
goodness1--lov$ /orm & crag & ! wild    
sea4 ,b ,burns liv$ 9 ! valley1 t\*$ by 
! joys & griefs ( l[ly lives4  ,imag9e  
ame?y/s1 rubies1 diamonds1 em]alds &    
opals m+l$ z liquids--!n imag9e ^!      
m>vel\s glories ( light & color *ang$ to
 a tone1 & y h ! wondr\s1 ! incomp>able 

voice ( ,scal*i4  9999999999  ,,!       
,,organ4--,! beg9n+s--! timidities--!   
half ?\ghts--blu%es--sugge/ions--a      
phrase ( grace & feel+--a su/a9$ note--!
 w+ on ! w9d--confid5ce--! flight--ris+ 
) _m h>monies t unite 9 ! voluptu\s     
swell--9 ! passionate tremor--ris+ /ill 
high]--flood+ ! great dome ) ! s\l (    
enraptur$ s\nd4  9999999999  ,,new      
,,mexico is a mo/ wond]ful c\ntry4 ,x is
 a ragg$ mis] ) billions ( buri$        
treasure4 ,x looks z if ,nature _h gu>d$
 h] silv] & gold ) en\gh desolation to  
det] all b ! brave4  9999999999  ,,:y   
,,%\ld ,,! ,,indian ,,summ] ( a life be 
lo/--! long1 s]5e1 & t5d] days :5 e>? & 
sky are fri5ds8 ,! fall+ leaves disclose
 ! rip5$ fruit--& s ! flight ( y\? )    
dreams & fancies %\ld %[ ! weal? ( b5d+ 
b\gh4  9999999999  ,give milk to babes1 
& w9e to y\?4 ,b = old age1 :5 gho/s ( m
 ?an two-score ye>s are w&]+ on !       
travel$ road1 ! fragrant tea1 t loos5s  
gossip's tongue1 is be/4--,decemb]      
#be1ahib4       ,f a lett] ?ank+ a fri5d

 = a ,*ri/mas pres5t (      a *e/ ( tea4
  9999999999  ,,on ,,memorial ,,day our 
he>ts blossom 9 gratitude z we lov+ly   
rememb] ! brave m5 ^u ^: br[s ,dea?1 )  
fle%less h&s1 plac$ ! laurel wrea? (    
fame4  9999999999  ,,! ,,s\l ,,is ,,an  
,a,r,c,h,i,t,e,ct--x builds a habitation
 = itself--& z ! s\l is1 is !           
habitation4 ,"s live 9 d5s & caves1 & "s
 9 l[ly homes made ri* ) love1 & ov]run 
) v9e & fl[]4  9999999999  ,,sci5ce at  
la/ holds ) hone/ h& ! scales :]e9 are  
weigh$ ! facts & fictions ( ! _w4 ,%e   
nei!r kneels nor prays1 %e /&s erect &  
?9ks4 ,h] tongue is n a traitor to h]   
bra94 ,h] ?\ght & spee* agree4          
9999999999  ,,! ,,negro :o c pass me 9 !
 race ( life w receive my admiration1 & 
he c c\nt on my fri5d%ip4 ,no man ev]   
liv$ :o prov$ 8 sup]iority by trampl+ on
 ! weak4  9999999999  ,,religion is l a 
palm tree--x gr[s at ! top4 ,! dead     
leaves are all or?odox1 :ile ! new ones 
& ! buds are all h]etics4  9999999999   
,,memory is ! mis] ( ! m9d2 =getfulness 

! sp5d?rift4  9999999999  ,,hope is !   
only bee t makes honey )\t fl[]s4       
9999999999  ,,! ,,fires ,,( ,,! ,,next  
,,_w su/a9 ! same relation to *ur*es t  
^? 9 ?is _w su/a9 to insurance          
companies4  9999999999  ,n[ & !n !re    
arises a man :o on p]il's edge draws f !
 scabb>d ( despair ! sword ( victory4   
9999999999  ,! fall+ leaf t tells (     
autumn's dea? is1 9 a subtl] s5se1 a    
prophecy ( spr+4  9999999999  ,vice     
lives ei!r be=e ,love is born1 or aft]  
,love is dead4  9999999999              
,intellectual fre$om is only ! "r to be 
hone/4  9999999999  ,i believe t f9ally 
man w g ?r\gh ! phase ( religion be=e   
bir?4  9999999999  ,:5 %rill *anticle]  
pi]ces ! dull e> ( morn4  9999999999    
,or?odoxy is ! refuge ( m$iocrity4      
9999999999  ,! ocean is ! womb ( all t w
 be1 ! tomb ( all t has be54  9999999999
  ,jeal\sy nev] kn[s ! value ( a fact4  
,envy _c reason1 malice _c prophesy4    
9999999999  ,love has a k9d ( second    
sight4  9999999999  ,i h nev] giv5 to   

any "o a sket* ( my life4 ,accord+ to my
 idea a life %\ld n be writt5 until x   
has be5 liv$4--,july #a1 #ahhh4         
,,effect ,,( ,,! ,,_w',s ,,fair ,,on ,,!
 ,,human ,,race4   ,,! ,great ,fair %\ld
 be = ! intellectual1 me*anical1        
arti/ic1 political & social advancem5t (
 ! _w4 ,nations1 l small communities1   
are 9 dang] ( becom+ prov9cial1 & mu/   
become s1 unless !y ex*ange commodities1
 !ories1 ?\ghts1 & ideals4 ,isolation is
 ! soil ( ignorance1 & ignorance is !   
soil ( egotism2 & nations1 l individuals
 :o live ap>t1 mi/ake prov9cialism =    
p]fection1 & hatr$ ( all o!r nations =  
patriotism4 ,) mo/ p1 /rang]s are n only
 enemies1 b inf]iors4 ,!y imag9e t !y   
are progressive because !y "k little (  
o!rs1 & comp>e _! pres5t1 n ) ! pres5t (
 o!r nations1 b ) _! own pa/4  ,few p h 
imag9ation en\gh to sympa?ize ) ^? ( a  
diff]5t complexion1 ) ^? pr(ess+ ano!r  
religion or speak+ ano!r language1 or   
ev5 we>+ g>m5ts unlike _! own4 ,mo/ p   
reg>d e diff]5ce betwe5 !mselves & o!rs 

z an evid5ce ( ! inf]iority ( ! o!rs4   
,!y h n intellig5ce en\gh to put        
!mselves 9 ! place ( ano!r if t o!r     
happ5s to be outw>dly unlike !mselves4  
,c\ntless ag5cies h be5 at "w = _m ye>s 
de/roy+ ! h$ges ( ?orn t h s long divid$
 nations1 & we at la/ are beg9n+ to see 
t o!r p d n diff] f u1 except 9 ! same  
p>ticul>s t we diff] f !m4 ,at la/1     
nations are becom+ acqua9t$ ) ea* o!r1 &
 !y n[ "k t p ev]y:]e are sub/antially !
 same4 ,we n[ "k t :ile nations diff]   
outw>dly 9 =m & feature1 some:at 9 !ory1
 philosophy & cre$1 /ill1 inw>dly--t is 
to say1 s f> z hopes & passions are     
conc]n$--!y are mu* ! same1 hav+ ! same 
fe>s1 exp]i5c+ ! same joys & sorr[s4 ,s 
we are beg9n+ to f9d t ! virtues belong 
exclusively to no race1 to no cre$1 & to
 no religion2 t ! humanities dwell 9 !  
he>ts ( m51 :omev] & :atev] !y may happ5
 to wor%ip4 ,we h at la/ f\nd t e cre$  
is ( necessity a prov9cialism1 de/9$ to 
be lo/ 9 ! univ]sal4  ,at la/1 ,sci5ce  
ext5ds an invitation to all nations1 &  

places at _! disposal its %ips & its    
c>s2 & :5 ^! p meet--or r1 !            
repres5tatives ( ^! p--!y w f9d t1 9    
spite ( ! accid5ts ( bir?1 !y are1 aft] 
all1 ab\t ! same2 t _! sympa?ies1 _!    
ideas' ( "r & wrong1 ( virtue & vice1 ( 
h]oism & honor1 are sub/antially alike4 
,!y w f9d t 9 e l& hone/y is honor$1    
tru? respect$ & admir$1 & t g5]osity &  
*>ity t\* all he>ts4  ,s x is ( !       
greate/ importance t ! inv5tions ( ! _w 
%\ld be br\ght b5ea? "o ro(4 ,^!        
inv5tions1 9 my judgm5t1 are de/9$ to be
 ! lib]ators ( mank9d4 ,!y enslave =ces 
& compel ! en]gies ( nature to "w = man4
 ,^! =ces h no backs to feel ! la%1 no  
te>s to %$1 no he>ts to break4  ,!      
hi/ory ( ! _w demon/rates t man becomes 
,:at we call civiliz$ by increas+ 8     
wants4 ,z 8 necessities increase1 he    
becomes indu/ri\s & en]getic4 ,if 8 he>t
 does n keep pace ) 8 bra91 he is cruel1
 & ! physically or m5tally /rong enslave
 ! physically or m5tally weak4 ,at      
pres5t ^! inv5tions1 :ile !y h greatly  

increas$ ! c\ntless articles ne$$ by    
man1 h to a c]ta9 ext5t enslav$ mank9d4 
,9 a savage /ate !re are few failures4  
,almo/ any "o succe$s 9 hunt+ & fi%+4 ,!
 wants are few1 & easily suppli$4 ,z man
 becomes civiliz$1 wants increase2 or r 
z wants increase1 man becomes civiliz$4 
,!n ! /ruggle = exi/5ce becomes complex2
 failures increase4  ,! fir/ result ( ! 
inv5tion ( ma*9]y has be5 to increase ! 
weal? ( ! few4 ,! hope ( ! _w is t ?r\gh
 inv5tion man c f9ally take su*         
advantage ( ^! =ces ( nature1 ( ! weight
 ( wat]1 ( ! =ce ( w9d1 ( /eam1 (       
electricity1 t !y w d ! "w ( ! _w2 & x  
is ! hope ( ! really civiliz$ t ^!      
inv5tions w f9ally cease to be ! prop]ty
 ( ! few1 to ! end t !y may d ! "w ( all
 = all4  ,:5 ^? :o d ! "w own ! ma*9es1 
:5 ^? :o toil control ! inv5tion1 !n1 & 
n till !n1 c ! _w be civiliz$ or free4  
,:5 ^! =ces %all d ! bidd+ ( !          
individual1 :5 !y become ! prop]ty ( !  
me*anic in/ead ( ! monopoly1 :5 !y      
belong to labor in/ead ( :at is call$   

capital1 :5 ^! great p[]s are z free to 
! individual labor] z ! air & light are 
n[ free to all1 !n1 & n until !n1 !     
individual w be re/or$ & all =ms (      
slav]y w disappe>4  ,ano!r great b5efit 
w come f ! ,fair4 ,o!r nations 9 "s     
directions are m arti/ic ?an we1 b no   
o!r nation has made ! common z beautiful
 z we h4 ,we h giv5 beauty ( =m to      
ma*9es1 to common ut5sils1 to ! ?+s ( e 
day1 & h ?us laid ! f\ndation = produc+ 
! arti/ic 9 its highe/ possible =ms4 ,x 
w be ( great b5efit to u to look ^u !   
pa9t+s & m>bles ( ! ,old ,_w4 ,to see !m
 is an education4  ,! great ,republic   
has liv$ a great] poem ?an ! bra9 & he>t
 ( man h z yet produc$1 & we h suppli$  
mat]ial = arti/s & poets yet unborn2    
mat]ial = =m & color & song4 ,!         
,republic is to-day ,art's greate/      
m>ket4  ,no?+ else is s well calculat$  
to make fri5ds ( all nations z really to
 become acqua9t$ ) ! be/ t ea* has      
produc$4  ,! nation t has produc$ a     
great poet1 a great arti/1 a great      

/atesman1 a great ?9k]1 takes its place 
on an equality ) o!r nations ( ! _w1 &  
transf]s to all ( its citiz5s "s ( !    
g5ius ( its mo/ illu/ri\s m54  ,?is     
great ,fair w be an object lesson to o!r
 nations4 ,!y w see ! result ( a        
gov]nm5t1 republican 9 =m1 :]e ! p are !
 s\rce ( au?ority1 :]e gov]nors &       
presid5ts are s]vants--n rul]s4 ,we want
 all nations to see ! great ,republic z 
x is1 to /udy & und]/& its gr[?1        
developm5t & de/9y4 ,we want !m to "k t 
"h1 "u our flag1 are sixty-five millions
 ( p & t !y are ! be/ f$1 ! be/ clo!d & 
! be/ h\s$ 9 ! _w4 ,we want !m to "k t  
we are solv+ ! great social problems1 & 
t we are go+ to demon/rate ! "r & p[] ( 
man to gov]n himself4 ,we want !        
subjects ( o!r nations to see al& fill$ 
) citiz5s--n subjects2 al& 9 :i* ! pew  
is above ! pulpit2 :]e ! p are sup]ior  
to ! /ate2 :]e legislators are          
repres5tatives & :]e au?ority means     
simply ! duty to en=ce ! p's w4  ,let u 
hope above all ?+s t ?is ,fair w b9d !  

nations toge!r clos] & /rong]2 & let u  
hope t ?is w result 9 ! settlem5t ( all 
national difficulties by arbitration    
in/ead ( w>4 ,9 a savage /ate1          
individuals settle _! own difficulties  
by an appeal to =ce4 ,aft] a "t ^!      
individuals agree t _! difficulties %all
 be settl$ by o!rs4 ,?is is ! fir/ great
 /ep t[>d civilization4 ,! result is !  
e/abli%m5t ( c\rts4 ,nations at pres5t  
su/a9 to ea* o!r ! same relation t      
savage does to savage4 ,ea* nation is   
left to decide = itself1 & x g5]ally    
decides accord+ to its /r5g?--n ! /r5g? 
( its side ( ! case1 b ! /r5g? ( its    
army4 ,! consequ5ce is t :at is call$ ! 
,law ( ,nations is a savage code4 ,! _w 
w nev] be civiliz$ until !re is an      
int]national c\rt4 ,savages beg9 to be  
civiliz$ :5 !y submit _! difficulties to
 _! pe]s4 ,nations w become civiliz$ :5 
!y submit _! difficulties to a great    
c\rt1 ! judgm5ts ( :i* c be c>ri$ out1  
all nations pl$g+ ! co-op]ation ( _!    
armies & _! navies = t purpose4  ,if !  

hold+ ( ! great ,fair %all result 9     
ha/5+ ! com+ ( t "t x w be a bless+ to !
 :ole _w4  ,& "h let me prophesy3 ,!    
,fair w be wor?y ( ,*icago1 ! mo/       
wond]ful city ( ! _w--( ,ill9ois1 ! be/ 
,/ate 9 ! ,union--( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 !  
be/ c\ntry on ! e>?4 ,x w eclipse all   
pr$ecessors 9 e dep>tm5t4 ,x w repres5t 
! progressive _s ( ! n9ete5? c5tury4    
,b5ea? its ample ro(s w be ga!r$ !      
treasures ( ,art1 & ! accompli%m5ts (   
,sci5ce4 ,at ! feet ( ! ,republic w be  
laid ! triumphs ( our race1 ! be/ ( e   
l&4--,! illu/rat$ ,_w's ,fair1 ,*icago1 
,novemb]1 #ahia4     ,,sabba?           
,,sup]/ition4   ,,! idea t "o day 9 !   
week is bett] ?an ! o!rs & %\ld be set  
ap>t = religi\s purposes2 t x %\ld be   
consid]$ holy2 t no useful "w %\ld be   
done on t day2 t x %\ld be giv5 ov] to  
pi\s idl5ess & sad c]emonies connect$ ) 
! wor%ip ( a suppos$ ,be+1 seems to h   
be5 orig9at$ by ! ,jews4  ,accord+ to ! 
,old ,te/am5t1 ! ,sabba? 0 m>vel\sly    
sacr$ = two reasons2 ! fir/ be+1 t      

,jehovah creat$ ! univ]se 9 six days &  
re/$ on ! sev5?3 & ! second1 because !  
,jews _h be5 deliv]$ f ! ,egyptians4  ,!
 fir/ ( ^! reasons we n[ "k to be false2
 & ! second has no?+1 s f> z we are     
conc]n$1 to d ) ! "q4  ,!re is no reason
 = our keep+ ! sev5? day because !      
,hebrews 7 deliv]$ f ! ,egyptians4  ,!  
,sabba? 0 a ,jewi% in/itution1 &1       
accord+ to ! ,bible1 only ! ,jews 7     
comm&$ to keep t day4 ,jehovah said no?+
 to ! ,egyptians on t subject2 no?+ to !
 ,phili/9es1 no?+ to ! ,g5tiles4  ,!    
,jews kept t day ) inf9ite /rictness1 & 
) !m ?is space ( "t kn[n z ! ,sabba?    
became s holy t he :o violat$ x by work+
 0 put to dea?4 ,sabba?-break+ & murd] 7
 equal crimes4 ,on ! ,sabba? ! pi\s ,jew
 w\ld n build a fire 9 8 h\se4 ,he ate  
cold victuals & ?ank$ ,god4 ,! gates ( !
 city 7 clos$4 ,no bus9ess 0 done1 & !  
travel] :o arriv$ at ! city on t day    
rema9$ outside until ev5+4 ,if he happ5$
 to fall1 he rema9$ :]e he fell until ! 
sun _h gone done4  ,! e>ly ,*ri/ians did

 n hold ! sev5? day 9 su* v5]ation4 ,z a
 matt] ( fact1 !y ceas$ to reg>d x z    
holy1 & *ang$ ! sacr$ day f ! sev5? to !
 fir/4 ,?is *ange 0 really made by      
,con/ant9e1 because ! fir/ day ( ! week 
0 ! ,sunday ( ! ,pagans2 & ?is day _h   
be5 giv5 to pleasure & recreation & to  
religi\s c]emonies = _m c5turies4  ,aft]
 ,con/ant9e designat$ ! fir/ day to be  
kept & obs]v$ by ,*ri/ians1 our ,sunday 
became ! sacr$ "t4  ,! e>ly ,*ri/ians1  
h[ev]1 kept ! day mu* z x _h be5 kept by
 ! ,pagans4 ,!y att5d$ *ur* 9 ! morn+1 &
 9 ! aft]noon enjoy$ !mselves z be/ !y  
c\ld44  ,! ,ca?olic ,*ur* fell 9 ) !    
prevail+ cu/oms1 & to accommodate itself
 to ,pagan ways & sup]/itions1 x agre$1 
z f> z x c\ld1 ) ! ideas ( ! ,pagan4    
,up to ! "t ( ! ,re=mation1 ,sunday _h  
be5 divid$ betwe5 ! dis*>ge ( religi\s  
duties & recreation4  ,lu!r did n       
believe 9 ! sacr$ness ( ! ,sabba?4 ,aft]
 *ur* he enjoy$ himself by play+ games1 
& want$ o!rs to d ! same4  ,ev5 ,john   
,calv91 ^: view _h be5 blurr$ by ! ,five

 ,po9ts1 all[$ ! p to enjoy !mselves on 
,sunday aft]noon4  ,! re=m]s on !       
cont95t nev] _h ! ,jewi% idea ( !       
sacr$ness ( ! ,sabba?4  ,9 ,g5eva1      
,g]many & ,france1 all k9ds ( innoc5t   
amusem5t 7 all[$ on t day2 & ,i believe 
! same 0 true ( ,holl&4  ,b 9 ,scotl& ! 
,jewi% idea 0 adopt$ to ! fulle/ ext5t4 
,!re ,sabba?-break+ 0 "o ( ! blacke/ &  
"o ( ! mo/ t]rible crimes4 ,no?+ 0      
consid]$ q z sacr$ z ! ,sabba?4  ,!     
,scot* w5t s f> z to take ! gr\nd t x 0 
wrong to save p :o 7 dr[n+ on ,sunday1 !
 dr[n+ be+ a puni%m5t inflict$ by ,god4 
,^u ! "q ( keep+ ! ,sabba? mo/ ( !      
,scotti% p became insane4  ,! same      
notions ab\t ! holy day 7 adopt$ by !   
,diss5t]s 9 ,engl&1 & x became !        
pr9cipal t5et 9 _! cre$4  ,! ,puritans &
 ,pilgrims 7 sub/antially crazy ab\t !  
sacr$ness ( ,sunday4 ,) !m ! fir/ day ( 
! week 0 set ap>t = prea*+1 pray+1      
att5d+ *ur*1 read+ ! ,bible & /udy+ !   
cate*ism4 ,walk+1 rid+1 play+ on musical
 in/rum5ts1 boat+1 swimm+ & c\rt+1 7 all

 crimes4  ,no "o _h ! "r to be happy on 
t bless$ day4 ,x 0 a "t ( gloom1 sacr$1 
solemn & religi\sly /upid4  ,!y did _!  
be/ to /rip _! religion ( e r$eem+      
feature4 ,!y hat$ art & music--ev]y?+   
calculat$ to produce joy4 ,!y despis$   
ev]y?+ except ! ,bible1 ! *ur*1 ,god1   
,sunday & ! cre$4  ,! influ5ce ( ^! p   
has be5 felt 9 e "p ( our c\ntry4 ,!    
,sabba? sup]/ition became almo/         
univ]sal4 ,no laught]1 no smiles on t   
day2 no games1 no recreation1 no rid+1  
no walk+ ?r\gh ! p]fum$ fields or by !  
w9d+ /reams or ! %ore ( ! sea4 ,no      
communion ) ! subtile beauties ( nature2
 no w&]+ 9 ! woods ) wife & *ildr51 no  
read+ ( poetry & fiction2 no?+ b        
solemnity & gloom1 li/5+ to s]mons1 ?9k+
 ab\t s91 dea?1 graves1 c(f9s1 %r\ds1   
epitaphs & c]emonies & ! m>vel\s tru?s (
 sect>ian religion1 & ! weaknesses ( ^? 
:o 7 natural en\gh & s5sible en\gh to   
enjoy !mselves on ! ,sabba? day4  ,s    
univ]sal became ! ,sabba? sup]/ition t !
 ,legislatures ( all ! ,/ates1 or ne>ly 

all1 pass$ laws to prev5t "w & enjoym5t 
on t day1 & decl>$ all contracts void   
relat+ to bus9ess ent]$ into on ,sunday4
  ,! ,g]mans gave u ! fir/ valuable     
lesson on ?is subject4 ,!y came to ?is  
c\ntry 9 great numb]s2 !y did n keep !  
,am]ican ,sabba?4 ,!y li/5$ to music &  
!y drank be] on t holy day4 ,!y took _! 
wives & *ildr5 ) !m & enjoy$ !mselves2  
yet !y 7 good1 k9d1 indu/ri\s p4 ,!y    
paid _! debts & _! cr$it 0 ! be/4  ,our 
p saw t m5 c\ld be good & wom5 virtu\s  
)\t keep+ ! ,sabba?4  ,?is did u great  
good1 & *ang$ ! op9ions ( hundr$s (     
?\s&s ( ,am]icans4  ,b ! *ur*es insi/$  
on ! old way4 ,gradually our p began to 
appreciate ! fact t "o-sev5? ( ! "t 0   
be+ /ol5 by sup]/ition4 ,!y began to ask
 = ! op5+ ( libr>ies1 = music 9 ! p>ks &
 to be all[$ to visit museums & public  
places on ! ,sabba?4  ,9 sev]al ,/ates  
^! dem&s 7 grant$1 & ! privileges h nev]
 be5 abus$4 ,! p 7 ord]ly1 polite to    
(ficials & to ea* o!r4  ,9 #ahgf1 :5 !  
,c5t5nial 0 held at ,philadelphia1 !    

,sabbat>ians _h control4 ,philadelphia 0
 a ,sunday city1 & s ! gates ( !        
,c5t5nial 7 clos$ on t day4  ,?is 0 9   
,philadelphia :]e ! ,sabba? sup]/ition  
_h be5 s virul5t t *a9s _h be5 put      
across ! /reets to prev5t /ages &       
c>riages f pass+ at t holy "t4  ,at t "t
 millions ( ,am]icans felt t a great    
wrong 0 done by clos+ ! ,c5t5nial to !  
labor+ p2 b ! manag]s--mo/ ( !m be+     
politicians--took c>e ( !mselves & kept 
! gates clos$4  ,9 #ahgf ! ,sabbat>ians 
triumph$1 & :5 x 0 det]m9$ to hold a    
_w's fair at ,*icago !y made up _! m9ds 
t no "o %\ld look ^u ! _w's wond]s on ! 
,sabba? day4  ,to accompli% ?is pi\s &  
fooli% purpose committees 7 appo9t$ all 
ov] ! c\ntry2 money 0 rais$ to make a   
campaign2 p]sons 7 employ$ to g ab\t &  
ar\se ! en?usiasm ( religi\s p2         
petitions by ! ?\s& 7 s5t to ,congress &
 to ! (fic]s ( ! ,_w's ,fair1 sign$ by  
?\s&s ( p :o nev] saw !m2 resolutions 7 
pass$ 9 favor ( ,sunday clos+ by        
conv5tions1 presbyt]ies1 c\ncils &      

associations4 ,lobbyi/s 7 employ$ to    
influ5ce memb]s ( ,congress4 ,great     
bodies ( ,*ri/ians ?reat5$ to boycott ! 
fair & yet ! ,_w's ,fair is op5 on      
,sunday4  ,:at is ! mean+ ( ?is8 ,let me
 tell y4 ,x means t 9 ?is c\ntry !      
,scot* ,new ,engl& ,sabba? has ceas$ to 
be2 x means t x is dead4 ,! la/ great   
ef=t = its salvation has be5 put =?1 &  
has fail$4 ,x belong$ to ! cre$ (       
,jona?an ,edw>ds & ! belief ( !         
wit*-burn]s1 & 9 ?is age x is out (     
place4  ,!re 0 a "t :5 ! m9i/] & prie/ 7
 reg>d$ z ! f\ndation ( wisdom2 :5      
in=mation came f ! alt>1 f ! pulpit2 &  
:5 ! %eep 7 ! prop]ty ( ! %eph]d4  ,t   
day 9 intellig5t communities has pass$4 
,we no long] g to ! m9i/] or ! *ur* =   
in=mation4 ,! or?odox m9i/] is los+ 8   
p[]1 & ! ,sabba? is n[ reg>d$ z a day ( 
re/1 ( recreation & ( pleasure4  ,! *ur*
 mu/ keep up ) ! p4 ,! m9i/] mu/ take   
ano!r /ep4 ,! multitude c>e b little    
ab\t controv]sies 9 *ur*es1 b !y d c>e  
ab\t ! practical que/ions t directly    

affect _! daily lives4  ,mu/ we wa/e "o 
day 9 sev52 mu/ we make ourselves       
unhappy or melan*oly "o-sev5? ( ! "t8   
,^! are important que/ions & = _m ye>s !
 *ur* 9 our c\ntry has answ]$ !m bo? 9 !
 affirmative1 & a va/ numb] ( p n       
,*ri/ians h also said yes because !y    
want$ votes1 or because !y fe>$ to      
incite ! hatr$ ( ! *ur*4  ,n[ 9 ?is ye> 
( #ahic a ,_w's ,fair answ]$ ?is "q 9 ! 
negative1 & a l>ge majority ( ! citiz5s 
( ! ,republic say t ! (fic]s ( ! ,fair h
 done "r4  ,?is m>ks an epo* 9 ! hi/ory 
( ! ,sabba?4 ,x is to be sacr$ 9 a      
religi\s s5se 9 ?is c\ntry no long]4    
,h5ce=? 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ! ,sabba? is =
 ! use ( man4  ,_m ( ^? :o labor$ = !   
clos+ ( ! ,fair on ,sunday took ! gr\nd 
t if ! gates 7 op5$1 ,god w\ld visit ?is
 nation ) fam9e1 flood & fire4  ,x h>dly
 seems possible t ,god w de/roy ?\s&s ( 
wom5 & *ildr5 :o _h no?+ to d ) ! op5+ (
 ! ,fair2 /ill1 if he is ! same ,god    
describ$ 9 ! ,*ri/ian ,bible1 he may    
de/roy our babes z he did ^? ( !        

,egyptians4 ,x is a little h>d to tell 9
 advance :at a ,god ( t k9d w d4  ,x 0  
believ$ = _m c5turies t ,god puni%$ !   
,sabba?-break+ individual & !           
,sabba?-break+ nation4 ,( c\rse facts   
nev] _h any?+ to d ) ?is belief1 & !    
prophecies ( ! pulpit 7 nev] fulfill$4  
,p :o 7 dr[n$ on ,sunday1 accord+ to !  
*ur*1 lo/ _! lives by ! w ( ,god4 ,^?   
dr[n$ on o!r days 7 ! victims ( /orm or 
accid5t4 ,! nations t kept ! ,sabba? 7  
no m prosp]\s ?an ^? t broke ! sacr$    
day4 ,c]ta9ly ,france is z prosp]\s z   
,scotl&4  ,let u hope1 h[ev]1 t ^!      
zeal\s g5tlem5 :o h pr$ict$ calamities 7
 mi/ak52 let u be glad t hundr$s ( ?\s&s
 ( work+m5 & wom5 w be delight$ & ref9$ 
by look+ at ! /atues1 ! pa9t+s1 !       
ma*9]y1 & ! c\ntless articles ( use &   
beauty ga!r$ toge!r at ! great ,fair1 & 
let u be glad t on ! "o day t !y c sp>e 
f toil1 ! gates w be op5 to !m4     ,a  
,,tribute ,,to ,,george ,,jacob         
,,holyoake4   ,,two articles h rec5tly  
appe>$ attack+ ! motives ( ,george      

,jacob ,holyoake4 ,he is spok5 ( z a man
 gov]n$ by a desire to please ! ri* &   
p[]ful1 z "o afraid ( public op9ion & :o
 9 ! p]il\s h\r d5ies or conceals 8     
convictions4  ,9 ^! attacks !re is n "o 
^w ( tru?4 ,!y are bas$ ^u mi/akes &    
misconceptions4  ,!re is n 9 ?is _w a   
nobl]1 brav] man4 ,9 ,engl& he has done 
m = ! great cause ( intellectual lib]ty 
?an any o!r man ( ?is g5]ation4 ,he has 
done m = ! poor1 = ! *ildr5 ( toil1 = ! 
homeless & wret*$ ?an any o!r liv+ man4 
,he has attack$ all abuses1 all tyranny 
& all =ms ( hypocrisy4 ,8 weapons h be5 
reason1 logic1 facts1 k9dness1 & above  
all1 example4 ,he has liv$ 8 cre$4 ,he  
has won ! admiration & respect ( 8      
bitt]e/ antagoni/s4 ,he has ! simplicity
 ( *ildhood1 ! en?usiasm ( y\? & !      
wisdom ( age4 ,he is n abusive1 b he is 
cle> & conclusive44 ,he is int5se )\t   
viol5ce--firm )\t ang]4 ,he has ! /r5g? 
( p]fect k9dness4 ,he does n hate--he   
pities4 ,he does n attack m5 & wom51 b  
dogmas & cre$s4 ,& he does n attack !m  

to get ! bett] ( p1 b to enable p to get
 ! bett] ( !m4 ,he gives ! light he has4
 ,he %>es 8 intellectual weal? ) !      
or?odox poor4 ,he assi/s )\t insult+1   
guides )\t arrogance1 & enlight5s )\t   
outrage4 ,besides1 he is em95t = !      
ex]cise ( pla9 common s5se4 ,he kn[s t  
!re are wrongs besides ^? born (        
sup]/ition--t p are n necess>ily happy  
because !y h r5\nc$ ! ,?irty-n9e        
,articles--& t ! prie/ is n ! only enemy
 ( mank9d4 ,he has = =ty ye>s be5 prea*+
 & practic+ indu/ry1 economy1           
self-reliance1 & k9dness4 ,he has done  
all )9 8 p[] to give ! work+man a bett] 
home1 bett] food1 bett] wages1 & bett]  
opportunities = ! education ( 8 *ildr54 
,he has demon/rat$ ! success (          
co-op]ation--( intellig5t comb9ation = !
 common good4 ,z a rule1 8 me?ods h be5 
p]fectly legal4 ,9 "s in/ances he has   
kn[+ly violat$ ! law1 & did s ) !       
int5tion to take ! consequ5ces4 ,he w\ld
 nei!r ask nor accept a p>don1 because  
to receive a p>don c>ries ) x ! impli$  

promise to keep ! law1 & an admission t 
y 7 9 ! wrong4 ,he w\ld n agree to desi/
 f do+ :at he believ$ ought to be done1 
nei!r w\ld he /a9 8 pa/ to bright5 8    
future1 nor imprison 8 s\l to free 8    
body4 ,he has t happy m+l+ ( g5tl5ess & 
firmness f\nd only 9 ! highe/ type (    
moral h]oes4 ,he is an absolutely j man1
 & w nev] d an act t he w\ld condemn 9  
ano!r4 ,he admits t ! mo/ bigot$ *ur*man
 has a p]fect "r to express 8 op9ions n 
only1 b t he mu/ be met ) argum5t c\*$ 9
 k9d & c&id t]ms4 ,mr4 ,holyoake is n   
only ! enemy ( a !ological hi]>*y1 b he 
is also oppos$ to m5tal mobs4 ,he w n   
use ! bludgeon ( epi!t4  ,p]fect        
fairness is reg>d$ by _m z weakness4 ,"s
 p h altoge!r m confid5ce 9 _! beliefs  
?an 9 _! own argum5ts4 ,!y resort to    
ass]tion4 ,if :at !y ass]t be d5i$1 !   
debate becomes a "q ( v]acity4 ,on bo?  
sides ( mo/ que/ions !re are pl5ty (    
p]sons :o imag9e t logic dwells only 9  
adjectives1 & t to speak k9dly ( an     
oppon5t is a virtual surr5d]4  ,mr4     

,holyoake attacks ! *ur* because x has  
be51 is1 & ev] w be ! enemy ( m5tal     
fre$om1 b he does n wi% to deprive !    
*ur* ev5 ( its fre$om to express its    
op9ion aga9/ fre$om4 ,he is true to 8   
own cre$1 kn[+ t :5 we h fre$om we c    
take c>e ( all its enemies4  ,9 "o ( !  
articles to :i* ,i h ref]r$ x is *>g$ t 
,mr4 ,holyoake refus$ to sign a petition
 = ! p>don ( p]sons convict$ (          
blasphemy4 ,if ?is is true1 he und\bt$ly
 _h a reason satisfactory to himself4 ,y
 w f9d t 8 action1 or 8 refusal to act1 
re/s ^u a pr9ciple t he w\ld n violate 9
 8 own behalf4  ,:y %\ld we suspect !   
motives ( ?is man :o has giv5 8 life = !
 good ( o!rs8 ,i "k ( no "o :o is 8     
m5tal or moral sup]ior4 ,he is ! mo/    
dis9t]e/$ ( m54 ,8 "n is a synonym (    
c&or4 ,he is a natural logician--an     
intellectual m>ksman4 ,l an un]r+ arr[ 8
 ?\ght flies to ! he>t & c5t]4 ,he is   
gov]n$ by pr9ciple1 & makes no exception
 9 8 own favor4 ,he is intellectually   
hone/4 ,he %[s y ! cracks & flaws 9 8   

own w>es4 ,he calls att5tion to ! op5   
jo9ts & to ! weake/ l9ks4 ,he does n    
want a victory = himself1 b = tru?4 ,he 
wi%es to expose & oppose1 n m51 b error4
 ,he is bless$ ) t cl\dless m5tal vision
 t appe>ances _c deceive1 t int]e/ _c   
d>k51 & t ev5 +ratitude _c blur4 ,fri5ds
 _c induce & enemies _c drive ?is man to
 d an act t 8 he>t & bra9 w\ld n        
applaud4 ,t su* a "* 0 =m$ )\t ! aid ( !
 *ur*1 )\t ! hope ( h>p or fe> ( flame1 
is a demon/ration aga9/ ! necessity (   
sup]/ition4  ,:oev] is oppos$ to m5tal  
bondage1 to ! %ackles wr\ght by cruelty 
& worn by fe>1 %\ld be ! fri5d ( ?is    
h]oic & unselfi% man4  ,i "k some?+ ( 8 
life--some?+ ( :at he has suff]$--( :at 
he has accompli%$ = 8 fell[-m54 ,he has 
be5 malign$1 imprison$ & impov]i%$4 ,he 
bore ! heat & burd5 ( ! unreg>d$ day &  
rememb]$ ! mis]y ( ! _m4 ,= ye>s 8 only 
recomp5se 0 +ratitude4 ,at la/ he 0     
und]/ood4 ,he 0 recogniz$ z an e>ne/1   
hone/1 gift$1 g5]\s1 /]l+ man1 lov+ 8   
c\ntry1 sympa?iz+ ) ! poor1 honor+ !    

useful1 & hold+ 9 supreme abhorr5ce     
tyranny & falsehood 9 all _! =ms4 ,!    
idea t ?is man c\ld = a mom5t be        
controll$ by any selfi% motive1 by !    
hope ( pref]m5t1 by ! fe> ( los+ a      
suppos$ annuity1 is simply absurd4 ,!   
au?ors ( ^! attacks are n acqua9t$ )    
,mr4 ,holyoake4 ,:oev] dislikes him does
 n "k him4  ,read 8 ,trial ( ,!ism--8   
hi/ory ( ,co-op]ation 9 ,engl&--if y wi%
 to "k 8 he>t--to discov] ! motives ( 8 
life--! dep? & t5d]ness ( 8 sympa?y--!  
nobl5ess ( 8 nature--! subtlety ( 8     
?\ght--! beauty ( 8 _s--! =ce & volume (
 8 bra9--! ext5t ( 8 in=mation--8 c&or1 
8 k9dness1 8 g5ius1 & ! p]fect integrity
 ( 8 /a9less s\l4  ,!re is no man = :om 
,i h great] respect1 great] rev]5ce1    
great] love1 ?an ,george ,jacob         
,holyoake4--  ,augu/ #h1 #ahhc4     ,,at
 ,,! ,,grave ,,( ,,b5jam9 ,w4 ,,p>k]4   
99 ,?is 0 ! fir/ tribute ev] deliv]$ by 
,colonel      ,+]soll at a grave4 ,mr4  
,p>k] himself 0 an ,agno/ic1      0 !   
fa!r ( ,mrs4 ,+]soll1 & 0 always a      

devot$      fri5d & admir] ( ! ,colonel 
ev5 be=e ! latt]'s      m>riage ) 8     
daught]4   ,peoria1 ,ill41 ,may #bd1    
#ahgf4  ,,fri5ds ,,& ,,neighbors3 ,to   
fulfill a promise made _m ye>s ago1 ,i  
wi% to say a ^w4  ,he :om we are ab\t to
 lay 9 ! e>?1 0 g5tle1 k9d & lov+ 9 8   
life4 ,he 0 ambiti\s only to live ) ^?  
he lov$4 ,he 0 hospitable1 g5]\s1 &     
s9c]e4 ,he lov$ 8 fri5ds1 & ! fri5ds ( 8
 fri5ds4 ,he return$ good = good4 ,he   
liv$ ! life ( a *ild1 & di$ )\t leav+ 9 
! memory ( 8 family ! record ( an unk9d 
act4 ,)\t assurance1 & )\t fe>1 we give 
him back to ,nature1 ! s\rce & "m ( u   
all4  ,) morn1 ) noon1 ) night2 ) *ang+ 
cl\ds & *angeless />s2 ) grass & trees &
 birds1 ) leaf & bud1 ) fl[] & blossom+ 
v9e1--) all ! sweet influ5ces ( nature1 
we leave our dead4  ,husb&1 fa!r1 fri5d1
 f>ewell4     ,a ,,tribute ,,to ,,ebon  
,c4 ,,+]soll  ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c41 ,may   
#ca1 #ahgi4       99 ,! fun]al ( ! ,hon4
 ,e4 ,c4 ,+]soll took place      ye/]day
 aft]noon at f\r o'clock1 f 8 late      

resid5ce1 #adjc ,k ,/reet ,! only       
c]emony at ! h\se1      o!r ?an ! view+ 
( ! rema9s1 0 a mo/ affect+      pa!tic1
 & t\*+ address by ,col4 ,rob]t ,g4     
+]soll1      bro!r ( ! deceas$4 ,n only 
! speak]1 b e "o      ( 8 he>]s 7 deeply
 affect$4 ,:5 he began to read      8   
eloqu5t *>act]ization ( ! dead man 8    
eyes at      once fill$ ) te>s4 ,he tri$
 to hide !m1 b he c\ld      n d x1 &    
f9ally he b[$ 8 head ^u ! dead man's    
c(f9 9 uncontrollable grief ,x 0 only   
aft] "s delay1      & ! greate/ ef=ts a 
self-ma/]y1 t ,colonel      ,+]soll 0   
able to f9i% read+ 8 address4 ,:5 he    
_h ceas$ speak+1 ! memb]s ( ! b]eav$    
family      approa*$ ! casket & look$ ^u
 ! =m :i* x      conta9$1 = ! la/ "t4 ,!
 sc5e 0 he>tr5d+4      ,! devotion ( all
 connect$ ) ! h\sehold excit$      !    
sympa?y ( all & !re 0 n a dry eye to be 
se54      ,! pall-be>]s--,s5ator        
,william ,b4 ,allison1 ,s5ator ,james   
,g4 ,bla9e1 ,s5ator ,david ,davis1      
,s5ator ,daniel ,w ,voorhees4           

,repres5tative ,james ,a4 ,g>field1     
,s5ator ,a4 ,s ,paddock1                
,repres5tative ,?omas ,q4 ,boyd (       
,ill9ois1 ! ,hon4 ,w>d ,h4      ,l]mon1 
ex-,congressman ,j]e ,wilson1 &         
,repres5tative ,adlai      ,e4 ,/ev5son 
( ,ill9ois--!n bore ! rema9s to !       
he>se1 & ! l5g?y cortege proce$$ to !   
,oak ,hill      ,cemet]y1 :]e ! rema9s 7
 int]r$1 9 ! pres5ce      ( ! family &  
fri5ds1 )\t fur!r c]emony4--            
,national ,republican1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4    
,c41 ,june #c1 #ahgi4   ,,de> ,,fri5ds3 
,i am go+ to d t :i* ! dead (t promis$  
he w\ld d = me4  ,! lov$ & lov+ bro!r1  
husb&1 fa!r1 fri5d1 di$ :]e manhood's   
morn+ almo/ t\*es noon1 & :ile ! %ad[s  
/ill 7 fall+ t[>d ! we/4  ,he _h n pass$
 on life's highway ! /one t m>ks !      
highe/ po9t2 b be+ we>y = a mom5t1 he   
lay d[n by ! wayside1 & us+ 8 burd5 = a 
pill[1 fell into t dreamless sleep t    
kisses d[n 8 eyelids /ill4 ,:ile yet 9  
love ) life & raptur$ ) ! _w1 he pass$  
to sil5ce & pa!tic du/4  ,yet1 aft] all1

 x may be be/1 j 9 ! happie/1 sunnie/   
h\r ( all ! voyage1 :ile eag] w9ds are  
kiss+ e sail1 to da% aga9/ ! unse5 rock1
 & 9 an in/ant he> ! bill[s ro> above a 
sunk5 %ip4 ,= :e!r 9 mid-sea or 'mong ! 
break]s ( ! f>!r %ore1 a wreck at la/   
mu/ m>k ! end ( ea* & all4 ,& e life1 no
 matt] if its e h\r is ri* ) love & e   
mom5t jewel$ ) a joy1 w1 at its close1  
become a trag$y z sad & deep & d>k z c  
be wov5 ( ! w>p & wo( ( my/]y & dea?4   
,?is brave & t5d] man 9 e /orm ( life 0 
oak & rock2 b 9 ! sun%9e he 0 v9e &     
fl[]4 ,he 0 ! fri5d ( all h]oic s\ls4   
,he climb$ ! heights1 & left all        
sup]/itions f> bel[1 :ile on 8 =ehead   
fell ! gold5 dawn+ ( ! gr&] day4  ,he   
lov$ ! beautiful1 & 0 ) color1 =m1 &    
music t\*$ to te>s4 ,he sid$ ) ! weak1 !
 poor1 & wrong$1 & lov+ly gave alms4 ,) 
loyal he>t & ) ! pure/ h&s he fai?fully 
dis*>g$ all public tru/s4  ,he 0 a      
wor%ip] ( lib]ty1 a fri5d ( ! oppress$4 
,a ?\s& times ,i h he>d him quote ^!    
words3 ,= ,ju/ice all place a temple1 & 

all season1 summ]4 ,he believ$ t        
happ9ess is ! only good1 reason ! only  
tor*1 ju/ice ! only wor%ip1 humanity !  
only religion1 & love ! only prie/4 ,he 
add$ to ! sum ( human joy2 & 7 e "o to  
:om he did "s lov+ s]vice to br+ a      
blossom to 8 grave1 he w\ld sleep       
tonight b5ea? a wild]ness ( fl[]s4      
,life is a n>r[ vale betwe5 ! cold &    
b>r5 peaks ( two et]nities4 ,we /rive 9 
va9 to look beyond ! heights4 ,we cry   
al\d1 & ! only answ] is ! e*o ( our     
wail+ cry4 ,f ! voiceless lips ( !      
unreply+ dead !re comes no ^w2 b 9 !    
night ( dea? hope sees a /> & li/5+ love
 c he> ! ru/le ( a w+4  ,he :o sleeps   
"h1 :5 dy+1 mi/ak+ ! approa* ( dea? = ! 
return ( heal?1 :isp]$ ) 8 late/ brea?1 
,i am bett] n[4 ,let u believe1 9 spite 
( d\bts & dogmas1 ( fe>s & te>s1 t ^!   
de> words are true ( all ! c\ntless     
dead4  ,! record ( a g5]\s life runs l a
 v9e ar\nd ! memory ( our dead1 & e     
sweet1 unselfi% act is n[ a p]fum$ fl[]4
  ,& n[1 to y1 :o h be5 *os51 f among ! 

_m m5 he lov$1 to d ! la/ sad (fice = ! 
dead1 we give 8 sacr$ du/4  ,spee* _c   
conta9 our love4 ,!re 01 !re is1 no     
g5tl]1 /rong]1 manli] man4     ,a       
,,tribute ,,to ,,! ,,rev4 ,,alex&]      
,,cl>k4  ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 ,july #ac1   
#ahgi4   ,,^u ! grave ( ! ,rev]5d       
,alex&] ,cl>k ,i wi% to place "o fl[]4  
,utt]ly de/itute ( cold1 dogmatic pride1
 t (t5 passes = ! love ( ,god2 )\t !    
arrogance ( ! elect2 simple1 free1 &    
k9d--?is e>ne/ man made me 8 fri5d by   
be+ m9e4 ,i =got t he 0 a ,*ri/ian1 & he
 seem$ to =get t ,i 0 n1 :ile ea*       
rememb]$ t ! o!r 0 at lea/ a man4       
,frank1 c&id1 & s9c]e1 he practic$ :at  
he prea*$1 & look$ ) ! holy eyes ( *>ity
 ^u ! fail+s & mi/akes ( m54 ,he believ$
 9 ! p[] ( k9dness1 & spann$ ) div9e    
sympa?y ! hide\s gulf t sep>ates ! fall5
 f ! pure4  ,giv+ freely to o!rs !      
rights t he claim$ = himself1 x nev]    
occurr$ to him t 8 ,god hat$ a brave &  
hone/ unbeliev]4 ,he rememb]$ t ev5 an  
,infidel _h rights t love respects2 t   

hatr$ has no sav+ p[]1 & t 9 ord] to be 
a ,*ri/ian x is n necess>y to become    
less ?an a human be+4 ,he knew t no "o c
 be malign$ into k9dness2 t epi!ts _c   
conv9ce2 t curses are n argum5ts1 & t ! 
f+] ( scorn nev] po9ts t[>d heav54 ,) ! 
g5]osity ( an hone/ man1 he accord$ to  
all ! fulle/ lib]ty ( ?\ght1 kn[+1 z he 
did1 t 9 ! realm ( m9d a *a9 is b a     
curse4  ,= ?is man ,i felt ! greate/    
possible reg>d4 ,9 spite ( ! taunts &   
je]s ( 8 bre?r51 he publicly proclaim$ t
 he w\ld treat ,infidels ) fairness &   
respect2 t he w\ld endeavor to conv9ce  
!m by argum5t & w9 !m ) love4 ,he insi/$
 t ! ,god he wor%ip$ lov$ ! well-be+ ev5
 ( an ,a!i/4 ,9 ?is gr& position he /ood
 almo/ alone4 ,t5d]1 j1 & lov+ :]e o!rs 
7 h>%1 v9dictive1 & cruel1 he *all5g$ ! 
admiration ( e hone/ man4 ,a few m su*  
cl]gym5 might drive calumny f ! lips (  
fai? & r5d] ! pulpit wor?y ( e/eem4  ,! 
he>t9ess & k9dness ) :i* ?is g5]\s man  
treat$ me c nev] be excell$4 ,he admitt$
 t ,i _h n lo/1 & c\ld n lose1 a s+le "r

 by ! expression ( my hone/ ?\ght4      
,nei!r did he believe t a s]vant c\ld w9
 ! respect ( a g5]\s ma/] by p]secut+ & 
malign+ ^? :om ! ma/] w\ld will+ly      
=give4  ,:ile ?is good man 0 liv+1 8    
bre?r5 blam$ him = hav+ treat$ me )     
fairness4 ,b1 ,i tru/1 n[ t he has left 
! %ore t\*$ by ! my/]i\s sea t nev] yet 
has borne1 on any wave1 ! image ( a     
homew>d sail1 ?is crime w be =giv5 him  
by ^? :o /ill rema9 to prea* ! love (   
,god4  ,8 sympa?ies 7 n conf9$ )9 !     
prison1 ( a cre$1 b ran out & ov] !     
walls l v9es1 hid+ ! cruel rocks & ru/$ 
b>s ) leaf & fl[]4 ,he c\ld n e*o ) 8   
he>t ! fi5di% s5t5ce ( et]nal fire4 ,9  
spite ( book & cre$1 he read betwe5 !   
l9es ! words ( t5d]ness & love1 )       
promises = all ! _w44 ,above1 beyond1 ! 
dogmas ( 8 *ur*--humane ev5 to ! v]ge ( 
h]esy--caus+ "s to d\bt 8 love ( ,god   
because he fail$ to hate 8 unbeliev+    
fell[-m51 he labor$ = ! welf>e ( mank9d 
& to 8 "w gave up 8 life ) all 8 he>t4  
,,at ,a ,,*ild',s ,,grave4  ,wa%+ton1   

,d4 ,c41 ,janu>y #h1 #ahhb4   ,,my      
,,fri5ds3 ,i "k h[ va9 x is to gild a   
grief ) words1 & yet ,i wi% to take f e 
grave its fe>4 ,"h 9 ?is _w1 :]e life & 
dea? are equal k+s1 all %\ld be brave   
en\gh to meet :at all ! dead h met4 ,!  
future has be5 fill$ ) fe>1 /a9$ &      
pollut$ by ! he>tless pa/4 ,f ! wondr\s 
tree ( life ! buds & blossoms fall )    
rip5$ fruit1 & 9 ! common b$ ( e>?1     
patri>*s & babes sleep side by side4    
,:y %\ld we fe> t :i* w come to all t   
is8 ,we _c tell1 we d n "k1 :i* is !    
great] bless+--life or dea?4 ,we _c say 
t dea? is n a good4 ,we d n "k :e!r !   
grave is ! end ( ?is life1 or ! door (  
ano!r1 or :e!r ! night "h is n some:]e  
else a dawn4 ,nei!r c we tell :i* is ! m
 =tunate--! *ild dy+ 9 its "m's arms1   
be=e its lips h le>n$ to =m a ^w1 or he 
:o j\rneys all ! l5g? ( life's unev5    
road1 pa9fully tak+ ! la/ sl[ /eps )    
/aff & crut*4  ,e cradle asks u ,:5ce8 &
 e c(f9 ,:i!r8 ,! poor b>b>ian1 weep+   
above 8 dead1 c answ] ^! que/ions j z   

well z ! rob$ prie/ ( ! mo/ au!ntic     
cre$4 ,! te>ful ignorance ( ! "o1 is z  
consol+ z ! le>n$ & unmean+ words ( !   
o!r4 ,no man1 /&+ :]e ! horizon ( a life
 has t\*$ a grave1 has any "r to        
prophesy a future fill$ ) pa9 & te>s4   
,may be t dea? gives all !re is ( wor?  
to life4 ,if ^? we press & /ra9 )9 our  
arms c\ld nev] die1 p]haps t love w\ld  
)] f ! e>?4 ,may be ?is common fate     
treads f out ! pa?s betwe5 our he>ts !  
we$s ( selfi%ness & hate4 ,& ,i _h r    
live & love :]e dea? is k+1 ?an h et]nal
 life :]e love is n4 ,ano!r life is     
n\ght1 unless we "k & love aga9 ! ones  
:o love u "h4  ,!y :o /& ) break+ he>ts 
ar\nd ?is little grave1 ne$ h no fe>4 ,!
 l>g] & ! nobl] fai? 9 all t is1 & is to
 be1 tells u t dea?1 ev5 at its wor/1 is
 only p]fect re/4 ,we "k t ?r\gh !      
common wants ( life--! ne$s & duties (  
ea* h\r--_! grief w less5 day by day1   
until at la/ ?is grave w be to !m a     
place ( re/ & peace--almo/ ( joy4 ,!re  
is = !m ?is consolation3 ,! dead d n    

suff]4 ,if !y live aga91 _! lives w     
surely be z good z ours4 ,we h no fe>4  
,we are all *ildr5 ( ! same "m1 & ! same
 fate awaits u all4 ,we1 too1 h our     
religion1 & x is ?is3 ,help = !         
liv+--,hope = ! dead4     ,a ,,tribute  
,,to ,,john ,g4 ,,mills4  ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 
,c41 ,april #ae1 #ahhc4   ,,my ,,fri5ds3
 ,aga9 we are face to face ) ! great    
my/]y t %r\ds ?is _w4 ,we "q1 b !re is  
no reply4 ,out on ! wide wa/e seas1 !re 
drifts no sp>4 ,ov] ! des]t ( dea? !    
sph9x gazes =ev]1 b nev] speaks4  ,9 ! v
 ,may ( life ano!r he>t has ceas$ to    
beat4 ,night has fall5 ^u noon4 ,b he   
liv$1 he lov$1 he 0 lov$4 ,wife & *ildr5
 press$ _! kisses on 8 lips4 ,?is is    
en\gh4 ,! longe/ life conta9s no m4 ,?is
 fills ! vase ( joy4  ,he :o lies "h1   
clo!d ) ! p]fect peace ( dea?1 0 a k9d &
 lov+ husb&1 a good fa!r1 a g5]\s       
neighbor1 an hone/ man1--& ^! words     
build a monum5t ( glory above ! humble/ 
grave4 ,he 0 always a *ild1 s9c]e &     
frank1 z full ( hope z ,spr+4 ,he divid$

 all "t into to-day & to-morr[4         
,to-morr[ 0 )\t a cl\d1 & ( to-morr[ he 
borr[$ sun%9e = to-day4 ,he 0 my fri5d4 
,he w rema9 s4 ,! liv+ (t become        
e/rang$2 ! dead are true4 ,he 0 n a     
,*ri/ian4 ,9 ! ,ed5 ( 8 hope !re did n  
crawl & coil ! s]p5t ( et]nal pa94 ,9 _m
 languages he s\ght ! ?\ghts ( m51 & =  
himself he solv$ ! problems ( ! _w4 ,he 
accept$ ! philosophy ( ,augu/e ,comte4  
,humanity 0 8 ,god2 ! human race 0 8    
,supreme ,be+4 ,9 t ,supreme ,be+ he put
 8 tru/4 ,he believ$ t we are indebt$ = 
:at we enjoy to ! labor1 ! self-d5ial1 !
 h]oism ( ! human race1 & t z we h      
pluck$ ! fruit ( :at o!rs plant$1 we 9  
?ankfulness %\ld plant = o!rs yet to be4
  ,) him immortality 0 ! et]nal         
consequ5ces ( 8 own acts4 ,he believ$ t 
e pure ?\ght1 e dis9t]e/$ de$1 ha/5s !  
h>ve/ ( univ]sal good4 ,?is is a        
religion t enri*es pov]ty2 t enables u  
to be> ! sorr[s ( ! sadde/ life2 t      
peoples ev5 solitude ) ! happy millions 
yet to live1--a religion born n (       

selfi%ness & fe>1 b ( love1 ( gratitude1
 & hope1--a religion t digs wells to    
slake ! ?ir/ ( o!rs1 & gladly be>s !    
burd5s ( ! unborn4  ,b 9 ! pres5ce (    
dea?1 h[ beliefs & dogmas )] & decay6   
,h[ lov+ words & de$s bur/ into blossom6
 ,pluck f ! tree ( any life ^! fl[]s1 & 
!re rema9 b ! b>r5 ?orns ( bigotry &    
cre$4  ,all wi% = happ9ess beyond ?is   
life4 ,all hope to meet aga9 ! lov$ &   
lo/4 ,9 e he>t !re gr[s ?is sacr$ fl[]4 
,immortality is a ^w t ,hope ?r\gh all !
 ages has be5 :isp]+ to ,love4 ,!       
miracle ( ?\ght we _c und]/&4 ,! my/]y (
 life & dea? we _c compreh5d4 ,?is *aos 
call$ ! _w has nev] be5 expla9$4 ,!     
gold5 bridge ( life f gloom em]ges1 & on
 %ad[ re/s4 ,beyond ?is we d n "k4 ,fate
 is spee*less1 de/9y is dumb1 & ! secret
 ( ! future has nev] yet be5 told4 ,we  
love2 we wait2 we hope4 ,! m we love1 ! 
m we fe>4 ,^u ! t5d]e/ he>t ! deepe/    
%ad[s fall4 ,all pa?s1 :e!r fill$ )     
?orns or fl[]s1 end "h4 ,"h success &   
failure are ! same4 ,! rag ( ,wret*$ness

 & ! purple robe ( p[] all diff]5ce &   
di/9ction lose 9 ?is democracy ( dea?4  
,"* survives2 goodness lives2 love is   
immortal4  ,& yet to all a "t may come  
:5 ! fev]$ lips ( life w long = ! cool1 
delici\s kiss ( dea?--:5 tir$ ( ! du/ & 
gl>e ( day we all %all he> ) joy ! ru/l+
 g>m5ts ( ! night4  ,:at c we say (     
dea?8 ,:at c we say ( ! dead8 ,:]e !y h 
gone1 reason _c g1 & f !nce revelation  
has n come4 ,b let u believe t ov] !    
cradle ,nature b5ds & smiles1 & lov+ly  
above ! dead 9 b5$iction holds h]       
out/ret*$ h&s4     ,a ,,tribute ,,to    
,,elizur ,,wright4  ,new ,york4 ,decemb]
 #ai1 #ahhe4   ,,ano!r h]o has fall5    
asleep--"o :o enri*$ ! _w ) an hone/    
life4  ,elizur ,wright 0 "o ( ! ,titans 
:o attack$ ! mon/]s1 ! ,gods1 ( 8 "t--"o
 ( ! few ^: confid5ce 9 lib]ty 0 nev]   
%ak51 & :o1 ) undimm$ eyes1 saw !       
atrocities & b>b>isms ( 8 day & !       
glories ( ! future4  ,:5 ,new ,york 0   
degrad$ en\gh to mob ,ar?ur ,tappan1 !  
noble/ ( h] citiz5s2 :5 ,bo/on 0        

suffici5tly infam\s to h[l & hoot at    
,h>riet ,m>t9eau1 ! gr&e/ ,engli%woman t
 ev] t\*$ our soil2 :5 ! ,nor? 0 dom9at$
 by !ology & trade1 by piety & piracy2  
:5 we receiv$ our morals f m]*ants1 &   
made m]*&ise ( our morals1 ,elizur      
,wright held pr9ciple above pr(it1 &    
pres]v$ 8 manhood at ! p]il ( 8 life4   
,:5 ! ri*1 ! cultur$1 & !               
respectable1--:5 *ur* memb]s & m9i/]s1  
:o _h be5 call$ to prea* ! glad tid+s1 &
 :5 /atesm5 l ,web/] jo9$ ) bloodh\nds1 
& 9 ! "n ( ,god hunt$ m5 & mo!rs1 ?is   
man rescu$ ! fugitives & gave asylum to 
! oppress$4  ,dur+ ^? infam\s ye>s--ye>s
 ( cruelty & national degradation--ye>s 
( hypocrisy & gre$ & meanness b5ea? !   
rea* ( any ,engli% ^w1 ,elizur ,wright  
became acqua9t$ ) ! or?odox *ur*4 ,he   
f\nd t a majority ( ,*ri/ians 7 will+ to
 enslave m5 & wom5 = :om !y said t ,*ri/
 _h di$--t !y w\ld /eal ! babe ( a      
,*ri/ian "m1 al?\gh !y believ$ t ! "m   
w\ld be _! equal 9 heav5 =ev]4 ,he f\nd 
t ^? :o lov$ _! enemies w\ld enslave _! 

fri5ds--t p :o :5 smitt5 on "o *eek     
turn$ ! o!r1 7 ready1 will+ & anxi\s to 
mob & murd] ^? :o simply said3 ,! labor]
 is wor?y ( 8 hire4  ,9 ^? days ! *ur* 0
 9 favor ( slav]y1 n only ( ! body b ( !
 m9d4 ,accord+ to ! cre$s1 ,god himself 
0 an inf9ite ma/] & all 8 *ildr5 s]fs4  
,he rul$ ) :ip & *a91 ) pe/il5ce & fire4
 ,devils 7 8 bloodh\nds1 & hell 8 place 
( et]nal torture4  ,elizur ,wright said 
to himself1 :y %\ld we take *a9s f      
bodies & enslave m9ds--:y fight to free 
! cage & leave ! bird a prison]8 ,he    
became an enemy ( or?odox religion--t is
 to say1 a fri5d ( intellectual lib]ty4 
,he liv$ to see ! de/ruction ( legaliz$ 
l>c5y2 to read ! ,proclamation (        
,emancipation2 to see a c\ntry )\t a    
slave1 a flag )\t a /a94 ,he liv$ long  
en\gh to reap ! rew>d = hav+ be5 an     
hone/ man2 long en\gh = 8 disgrace to   
become a cr[n ( glory2 long en\gh to see
 8 views adopt$ & 8 c\rse applaud$ by ! 
civiliz$ _w2 long en\gh = ! hat$ ^w     
abolitioni/ to become a title (         

nobility1 a c]tificate ( manhood1 c\rage
 & true patriotism4  ,only a few ye>s   
ago1 ! h]etic 0 reg>d$ z an enemy ( !   
human race4 ,! man :o d5i$ ! inspiration
 ( ! ,jewi% ,scriptures 0 look$ ^u z a  
moral lep]1 & ! ,a!i/ z ! wor/ (        
crim9als4 ,ev5 9 t day1 ,elizur ,wright 
0 gr& en\gh to speak 8 hone/ ?\ght1 to  
d5y ! inspiration ( ! ,bible2 brave     
en\gh to defy ! ,god ( ! or?odox *ur*--!
 ,jehovah ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 ! ,et]nal  
,jail]1 ! ,ev]la/+ ,inquisitor4  ,he    
cont5d$ t a good ,god w\ld n h upheld   
slav]y & polygamy2 t a lov+ ,fa!r w\ld n
 assi/ "s ( 8 *ildr5 to enslave or      
ext]m9ate _! bre?r52 t an inf9ite be+   
w\ld n be unju/1 irritable1 jeal\s1     
rev5geful1 ignorant1 & cruel4  ,& x 0 8 
great good =tune to live long en\gh to  
f9d ! intellectual _w on 8 side2 long   
en\gh to "k t ! greate/' naturali/s1    
philosoph]s1 & sci5ti/s agre$ ) him2    
long en\gh to see c]ta9 words *ange     
places1 s t h]etic 0 honorable & or?odox
 an epi!t4 ,to-day1 ! h]etic is kn[n to 

be a man ( pr9ciple & c\rage--"o ble/ ) 
en\gh m5tal indep5d5ce to tell 8 ?\ght4 
,to-day1 ! ?or\ghly or?odox means !     
?or\ghly /upid4  ,only a few ye>s ago x 
0 tak5 = grant$ t an unbeliev] c\ld n be
 a moral man2 t "o :o disput$ !         
inspiration ( ! leg5ds ( ,judea c\ld n  
be sympa!tic & humane1 & c\ld n really  
love 8 fell[-m54 ,_h we no o!r evid5ce  
^u ?is subject1 ! noble life ( ,elizur  
,wright w\ld demon/rate ! utt]          
baselessness ( ^! views4  ,8 life 0 sp5t
 9 do+ good--9 attack+ ! hurtful1 9     
def5d+ :at he believ$ to be ! tru?4     
,g5]\s beyond 8 means2 help+ o!rs to    
help !mselves2 always hopeful1 busy1 j1 
*e]ful2 fill$ ) ! _s ( re=m2 a model    
citiz5--always ?9k+ ( ! public good1    
devis+ ways & means to save some?+ =    
po/]ity1 feel+ t :at he _h he held 9    
tru/2 lov+ ,nature1 famili> ) ! poetic  
side ( ?+s1 t\*$ to en?usiasm by !      
beautiful ?\ght1 ! brave ^w1 & ! g5]\s  
de$2 fri5dly 9 mann]1 c&id & k9d 9      
spee*1 mode/ b p]si/5t2 enjoy+ leisure z

 only ! indu/ri\s c2 lov+ & g5tle 9 8   
family2 hospitable1--judg+ m5 & wom5    
reg>dless ( weal?1 position or public   
clamor2 physically fe>less1             
intellectually hone/1 ?or\ghly in=m$2   
unselfi%1 s9c]e1 & reliable z !         
attraction ( gravitation4 ,su* 0 ,elizur
 ,wright1--"o ( ! /aun*e/ soldi]s t ev] 
fac$ & brav$ = fre$om's sake ! wra? &   
scorn & lies ( place & p[]4  ,a few days
 ago ,i met ?is g5u9e man4 ,8 int]e/ 9  
all human ?+s 0 j z deep & ke51 8 hatr$ 
( oppression1 8 love ( fre$om1 j z      
int5se1 j z f]vid1 z on ! day ,i met him
 fir/4 ,true1 8 body 0 old1 b 8 m9d 0   
"y1 & 8 he>t1 l a spr+ 9 ! des]t1 bubbl$
 ov] z joy\sly z ?\gh x _h ! secret (   
et]nal y\?4 ,b x has ceas$ to beat1 & ! 
my/]i\s veil t hangs :]e sight &        
bl9dness are ! same--! veil t revelation
 has n drawn aside--t sci5ce _c lift1   
has fall5 once aga9 betwe5 ! liv+ & !   
dead4  ,& yet we hope & dream4 ,may be !
 long+ = ano!r life is b ! prophecy =ev]
 w>m f ,nature's lips1 t love1 disguis$ 

z dea?1 alone fulfills4 ,we _c tell4 ,& 
yet p]haps ?is ,hope is b an antic1     
foll[+ ! =tunes ( an uncr[n$ k+1 beguil+
 grief ) je/ & satisfy+ loss ) pictur$  
ga94 ,we d n "k4  ,b f ! ,*ri/ian's     
cruel hell1 & f 8 heav5 m he>tless /ill1
 ! free & noble s\l1 if =c$ to *oose1   
%\ld loa?+ turn1 & cl+ ) rapture to !   
?\ght ( endless sleep4  ,b ?is we "k3   
good de$s are nev] *ildless4 ,a noble   
life is nev] lo/4 ,a virtu\s action does
 n die4 ,elizur ,wright scatt]$ ) g5]\s 
h& ! priceless se$s1 & we %all reap !   
gold5 gra94 ,8 words & acts are ours1 & 
all he nobly did is liv+ /ill4          
,f>ewell1 brave s\l6 ,^u ?y grave ,i lay
 ?is tribute ( respect & love4 ,:5 la/  
our h&s 7 jo9$1 ,i said ^! p>t+ words3  
,long life6 ,& ,i repeat !m n[4     ,a  
,,tribute ,,to ,,mrs4 ,,ida ,,:it+      
,,kn[les4  ,new ,york1 ,dec1 #af1 #ahhg4
   ,,my ,,fri5ds3 ,aga9 we /& 9 ! %ad[ (
 ! great my/]y--a %ad[ z deep & d>k z :5
 ! te>s ( ! fir/ "m fell ^u ! pallid    
face ( h] lifeless babe--a my/]y t has  

nev] yet be5 solv$4  ,we h met 9 !      
pres5ce ( ! sacr$ dead1 to speak a ^w ( 
praise1 ( hope1 ( consolation4  ,ano!r  
life ( love is n[ a bless$ memory--a    
l+]+ /ra9 ( music4  ,! lov+ daught]1 !  
pure & consecrat$ wife1 ! s9c]e fri5d1  
:o ) t5d] fai?fulness dis*>g$ ! duties (
 a life1 has rea*$ h] j\rney's end4  ,a 
brav]1 a m s]5e1 a m *ivalric _s--clasp+
 ! lov$ & by !m clasp$--nev] pass$ f    
life to enri* ! realm ( dea?4 ,no field 
( w> ev] witness$ great] =titude1 m     
p]fect1 smil+ c\rage1 ?an ?is poor1 weak
 & helpless woman display$ ^u ! b$ ( pa9
 & dea?4  ,h] life 0 g5tle & h] dea?    
sublime4 ,%e lov$ ! good & all ! good   
lov$ h]4  ,!re is ?is consolation3 %e c 
nev] suff] m2 nev] feel aga9 ! *ill (   
dea?2 nev] "p aga9 f ^? %e loves4 ,h]   
he>t c break no m4 ,%e has %$ h] la/    
te>1 & ^u h] /a9less br[ has be5 set !  
wondr\s seal ( ev]la/+ peace4  ,:5 !    
,angel ( ,dea?--! mask$ &               
voiceless--ent]s ! door ( home1 !re come
 ) h] all ! daught]s ( ,compassion1 & ( 

^! ,love & ,hope rema9 =ev]4  ,y are    
ab\t to take ?is de> du/ home--to ! home
 ( h] girlhood1 & to ! place t 0 once my
 home4 ,y w lay h] ) neighbors :om ,i h 
lov$1 & :o are n[ at re/4 ,y w lay h]   
:]e my fa!r sleeps4       ,lay h] i' !  
e>?1      ,& f h] fair & unpollut$ fle% 
,may violets spr+4  ,i nev] knew1 ,i    
nev] met1 a brav] _s ?an ! "o t once    
inhabit$ ?is sil5t =m ( dreamless clay4 
,a ,,tribute ,,to ,,h5ry ,,w>d ,,bee*]4 
,new ,york1 ,june #bf1ahhg4   ,,h5ry    
,,w>d ,,bee*] 0 born 9 a ,puritan       
p5it5ti>y1 ( :i* 8 fa!r 0 "o ( !        
w>d5s--a prison ) v n>r[ & closely-grat$
 w9d[s4 ,"u its walls 7 ! rayless1      
hopeless & measureless dungeons ( !     
damn$1 & on its ro( fell ! %ad[ ( ,god's
 et]nal fr[n4 ,9 ?is prison ! cre$ &    
cate*ism 7 prim]s = *ildr51 & f a pure  
s5se ( duty _! lov+ he>ts 7 /a9$ & sc>r$
 ) ! religion ( ,john ,calv94  ,9 ^?    
days ! home ( an or?odox m9i/] 0 an     
inquisition 9 :i* babes 7 tortur$ = !   
good ( _! s\ls4 ,*ildr5 !n1 z n[1       

rebell$ aga9/ ! infam\s absurdities &   
cruelties ( ! cre$4 ,no ,calv9i/ 0 ev]  
able1 unless ) bl[s1 to answ] ! que/ions
 ( 8 *ild4 ,*ildr5 7 rais$ 9 :at 0 call$
 ! nurture & admonition ( ! ,"l--t is to
 say1 _! wills 7 brok5 or subdu$1 _!    
natures 7 de=m$ & dw>f$1 _! desires     
defeat$ or de/roy$1 & _! developm5t     
arre/$ or p]v]t$4 ,life 0 robb$ ( its   
,spr+1 its ,summ] & its ,autumn4 ,*ildr5
 /epp$ f ! cradle into ! sn[4 ,no       
laught]1 no sun%9e1 no joy\s1 free1     
unburd5$ days4 ,god1 an inf9ite         
detective1 wat*$ !m f above1 & ,satan1 )
 malici\s le]1 0 wait+ = _! s\ls bel[4  
,betwe5 ^! mon/]s life 0 pass$4 ,inf9ite
 consequ5ces 7 pr$icat$ ( ! smalle/     
action1 & a burd5 great] ?an a ,god c\ld
 be> 0 plac$ ^u ! he>t & bra9 ( e *ild4 
,to ?9k1 to ask que/ions1 to d\bt1 to   
inve/igate1 7 acts ( rebellion4 ,to     
express pity = ! lo/1 wri?+ 9 ! dungeons
 bel[1 0 simply to give evid5ce t !     
enemy ( s\ls _h be5 at "w )9 _! he>ts4  
,among all ! religions ( ?is _w--f !    

cre$ ( cannibals :o dev\r$ fle%1 to t ( 
,calv9i/s :o pollut$ s\ls--!re is none1 
!re has be5 none1 !re w be none1 m      
utt]ly he>tless & inhuman ?an 0 !       
or?odox ,congregationalism ( ,new ,engl&
 9 ! ye> ( grace #ahac4 ,x despis$ e    
natural joy1 hat$ pictures1 abhorr$     
/atues z lewd & lu/ful ?+s1 execrat$    
music1 reg>d$ nature z fall5 & corrupt1 
man z totally deprav$ & woman z some:at 
worse4 ,! !atre 0 ! ve/ibule ( p]dition1
 actors ! s]vants ( ,satan1 & ,%akespe>e
 a trifl+ wret* ^: words 7 se$s ( dea?4 
,& yet ! virtues f\nd a welcome1 cordial
 & s9c]e2 duty 0 done z und]/ood2       
obligations 7 dis*>g$2 tru? 0 told2     
self-d5ial 0 practic$ = ! sake ( o!rs1 &
 _m he>ts 7 good & true 9 spite ( book &
 cre$4  ,9 ?is atmosph]e ( !ological    
miasma1 9 ?is hide\s dream ( sup]/ition1
 9 ?is p5it5ti>y1 moral & au/]e1 ?is    
babe fir/ saw ! imprison$ gloom4 ,!     
natural desires ungratifi$1 ! laught]   
suppress$1 ! logic br[-beat5 by         
au?ority1 ! humor froz5 by fe>--( _m    

g5]ations--7 9 ?is *ild1 a *ild de/9$ to
 r5d & wreck ! prison's walls4  ,?r\gh !
 grat$ w9d[s ( 8 cell1 ?is *ild1 ?is    
boy1 ?is man1 caught glimpses ( ! out]  
_w1 ( fields & skies4 ,new ?\ghts 7 9 8 
bra91 new hopes )9 8 he>t4 ,ano!r heav5 
b5t above 8 life4 ,!re came a revelation
 ( ! beautiful & real4  ,!ology grew    
mean & small4 ,nature woo$ & won & sav$ 
?is mighty s\l4  ,h] c\ntless h&s 7 s[+ 
se$s )9 8 tropic bra94 ,all sights &    
s\nds--all colors1 =ms & fragm5ts--7    
/or$ )9 ! treasury ( 8 m9d4 ,8 ?\ghts 7 
m\ld$ by ! graceful curves ( /reams1 by 
w9d+ pa?s 9 woods1 ! *>m ( quiet c\ntry 
roads1 & lanes gr[n indi/9ct ) we$s &   
grass--by v9es t cl+ & hide ) leaf &    
fl[] ! crumbl+ wall's decay--by cattle  
/&+ 9 ! summ] pools l /atues ( cont5t4  
,!re 0 )9 8 words ! subtle _s ( !       
season's *ange--( ev]y?+ t is1 ( ev]y?+ 
t lies betwe5 ! slumb]+ se$s t1 half    
awak5$ by ! ,april ra91 h dreams (      
heav5's blue1 & feel ! amor\s kisses ( !
 sun1 & t /range tomb :]e9 ! al*emi/ do?

 give to dea?'s cold du/ ! ?rob & ?rill 
( life aga94 ,he saw ) lov+ eyes !      
will[s ( ! mead[-/reams gr[ r$ b5ea? !  
glance ( ,spr+--! grass along ! m>%'s   
edge--! /ir ( life b5ea? ! )]$ leaves--!
 moss bel[ ! drip ( sn[--! fl[]s t give 
_! bosoms to ! fir/ s\? w9d t wooes--!  
sad & timid violets t only be> ! gaze ( 
love f eyes half clos$--! f]ns1 :]e     
fancy gives a ?\s& =ms ) b a s+le       
plan--! gre5 & sunny slopes enri*$ )    
daisy's silv] & ! c[slip's gold4  ,z 9 !
 leafless woods "s tree1 aflame ) life1 
/&s l a rapt poet 9 ! he$less cr[d1 s   
/ood ?is man among 8 fell[-m54  ,all !re
 is ( leaf & bud1 ( fl[] & fruit1 (     
pa9t$ insect life1 & all ! w+$ & happy  
*ildr5 ( ! air t ,summ] holds b5ea? h]  
dome ( blue1 7 kn[n & lov$ by him4 ,he  
lov$ ! yell[ ,autumn fields1 ! gold5    
/acks1 ! happy homes ( m51 ! or*>d's    
b5d+ b\ghs1 ! suma*'s flags ( flame1 !  
maples ) transfigur$ leaves1 ! t5d]     
yell[ ( ! bee*1 ! wondr\s h>monies (    
br[n & gold--! v9es :]e hang ! clu/]$   

sph]es ( wit & mir?4 ,he lov$ ! w9t]    
days1 ! :irl & drift ( sn[--all =ms (   
fro/--! rage & fury ( ! /orm1 :5 9 !    
=e/1 desolate & /ripp$1 ! brave old p9e 
t[]s gre5 & gr&--a prophecy ( ,spr+4 ,he
 he>d ! rhy?mic s\nds ( ,nature's busy  
/rife1 ! hum ( bees1 ! songs ( birds1 ! 
eagle's cry1 ! murmur ( ! /reams1 !     
sighs & lam5tations ( ! w9ds1 & all !   
voices ( ! sea4 ,he lov$ ! %ores1 !     
vales1 ! crags & cliffs1 ! city's busy  
/reets1 ! introspective1 sil5t pla91 !  
solemn spl5dors ( ! night1 ! silv] sea (
 dawn1 & ev5+'s cl\ds ( molt5 gold4 ,!  
love ( nature fre$ ?is lov+ man4  ,"o by
 "o ! fett]s fell2 ! grat+s disappe>$1 !
 sun%9e smote ! ro(1 & on ! floors (    
/one1 light /ream$ f op5 doors4 ,he     
realiz$ ! d>kness & despair1 ! cruelty &
 hate1 ! />less blackness ( ! old1      
malignant cre$4 ,! fl[] ( pity grew &   
blossom$ 9 8 he>t4 ,! selfi% consolation
 fill$ 8 eyes ) te>s4 ,he saw t :at is  
call$ ! ,*ri/ian's hope is1 t1 among !  
c\ntless billions wreck$ & lo/1 a meagre

 few p]haps may rea* ! et]nal %ore--a   
hope t1 l ! des]t ra91 gives nei!r leaf 
nor bud--a hope t gives no joy1 no      
peace1 to any great & lov+ s\l4 ,x is ! 
du/ on :i* ! s]p5t fe$s t coils 9       
he>tless brea/s4  ,day by day ! wra? &  
v5geance fad$ f ! sky--! ,jewi% ,god    
grew vague & d9t--! ?reats ( torture &  
et]nal pa9 grew vulg> & absurd1 & all ! 
miracles seem$ /rangely out ( place4 ,!y
 clad ! ,inf9ite 9 motley g>b1 & gave to
 aureol$ heads ! cap & bells4  ,t\*$ by 
! pa?os ( all human life1 kn[+ ! %ad[s t
 fall on e he>t--! ?orns 9 e pa?1 !     
sighs1 ! sorr[s1 & ! te>s t lie betwe5 a
 "m's arms & dea?'s embrace--?is great &
 gift$ man d5\nc$1 d5i$1 & damn$ ) all 8
 he>t ! fang$ & frightful dogma t s\ls 7
 made to fe$ ! et]nal hung]--rav5\s z   
fam9e--( a ,god's rev5ge4  ,take out ?is
 fe>ful1 fi5di%1 he>tless lie--comp>$ ) 
:i* all o!r lies are true--& ! great ar*
 ( or?odox religion crumbl+ falls4  ,to 
! av]age man ! ,*ri/ian hell & heav5 are
 only words4 ,he has no scope ( ?\ght4  

,he lives b 9 a dim1 impov]i%$ n[4 ,to  
him ! pa/ is dead--! future /ill unborn4
 ,he occupies ) d[nca/ eyes t n>r[ l9e (
 b>r51 %ift+ s& t lies betwe5 ! fl[+    
seas4 ,b ,g5ius kn[s all "t4 ,= him !   
dead all live & brea!1 & act _! c\ntless
 p>ts aga94 ,all human life is 9 8 n[1 &
 e mom5t feels ! ?rill ( all to be4  ,no
 "o c ov]e/imate ! good accompli%$ by   
?is m>vel\s1 _m-sid$ man4 ,he help$ to  
slay ! he>t-dev\r+ mon/] ( ! ,*ri/ian   
_w4 ,he tri$ to civilize ! *ur*1 to     
humanize ! cre$s1 to s(t5 pi\s brea/s ( 
/one1 to take ! fe> f mo!rs' he>ts1 !   
*a9s ( cre$ f e bra91 to put ! /> ( hope
 9 e sky & ov] e grave4 ,attack$ on e   
side1 malign$ by ^? :o prea*$ ! law (   
love1 he wav]$ n1 b f\ght :ole-he>t$ to 
! end4  ,ob/ruction is b virtue's foil4 
,f ?w>t$ light leaps color's flame4 ,!  
/ream imp$$ has a song4  ,he pass$ f h>%
 & cruel cre$s to t s]5e philosophy t   
has no place = pride or hate1 t ?reat5s 
no rev5ge1 t looks on s9 z /umbl+s ( !  
bl9d & pities ^? :o fall1 kn[+ t 9 !    

s\ls ( all !re is a sacr$ ye>n+ = !     
light4 ,he ceas$ to ?9k ( man z some?+  
?ru/ ^u ! _w--an exile f "s o!r sph]e4  
,he felt at la/ t m5 are "p ( ,nature's 
self--k9dr$ ( all life--! gradual gr[? (
 c\ntless ye>s2 t all ! sacr$ books 7   
helps until outgr[n1 & all religions    
r\gh & devi\s pa?s t man has worn ) we>y
 feet 9 sad & pa9ful se>* = tru? &      
peace4 ,to him ^! pa?s 7 wrong1 & yet   
all gave ! promise ( success4 ,he knew t
 all ! /reams1 no matt] h[ !y w&]1 turn 
& curve amid ! hills or rocks1 or l+] 9 
! lakes & pools1 mu/ "s "t rea* ! sea4  
,^! views enl>g$ 8 s\l & made him pati5t
 ) ! _w1 & :ile ! w9try sn[s ( age 7    
fall+ on 8 head1 ,spr+1 ) all h] weal? (
 bloom1 0 9 8 he>t4  ,! memory ( ?is    
ample man is n[ a "p ( ,nature's weal?4 
,he battl$ = ! rights ( m54 ,8 he>t 0 ) 
! slave4 ,he /ood aga9/ ! selfi% gre$ ( 
millions b&$ to protect ! pirate's      
trade4 ,8 voice 0 = ! "r :5 fre$om's    
fri5ds 7 few4 ,he taught ! *ur* to ?9k &
 d\bt4 ,he did n fe> to /& alone4 ,8    

bra9 took c\nsel ( 8 he>t4 ,to e foe he 
(f]$ reconciliation's h&4 ,he lov$ ?is  
l& ( ours1 & add$ to its glory ?r\gh !  
_w4 ,he 0 ! greate/ orator t /ood )9 !  
pulpit's n>r[ curve4 ,he lov$ ! lib]ty (
 spee*4 ,!re 0 no trace ( bigot 9 8     
blood4 ,he 0 a brave & g5]\s man4  ,)   
rev]5t h&s1 ,i place ?is tribute on 8   
tomb4     ,a ,,tribute ,,to ,,roscoe    
,,conkl+4       ,deliv]$ be=e ! ,new    
,york ,/ate ,legislature1 at ,albany1   
,n4 ,y1 ,may #i1ahhh4   ,,roscoe        
,,conkl+--a great man1 an orator1 a     
/atesman1 a lawy]1 a di/+ui%$ citiz5 ( !
 ,republic1 9 ! z5i? ( 8 fame & p[] has 
rea*$ 8 j\rney's end2 & we are met1 "h 9
 ! city ( 8 bir?1 to pay our tribute to 
8 wor? & "w4 ,he e>n$ & held a pr\d     
position 9 ! public ?\ght4 ,he /ood =   
indep5d5ce1 = c\rage1 & above all =     
absolute integrity1 & 8 "n 0 kn[n &     
honor$ by _m millions ( 8 fell[-m54  ,! 
lit]ature ( _m l&s is ri* ) ! tributes t
 gratitude1 admiration & love h paid to 
! great & honor$ dead4 ,^! tributes     

disclose ! "* ( nations1 ! ideals ( !   
human race4 ,9 !m we f9d ! e/imates (   
greatness--! de$s & lives t *all5g$     
praise & ?rill$ ! he>ts ( m54  ,9 !     
pres5ce ( dea?1 ! good man judges z he  
w\ld be judg$4 ,he kn[s t m5 are only   
fragm5ts--t ! greate/ walk 9 %ad[1 & t  
faults & failures m+le ) ! lives ( all4 
,9 ! grave %\ld be buri$ ! prejudices & 
passions born ( conflict4 ,*>ity %\ld   
hold ! scales 9 :i* are weigh$ ! de$s ( 
m54 ,peculi>ities1 traits born (        
locality & surr\nd+s--^! are b ! du/ ( !
 race--^! are accid5ts1 drap]y1 clo!s1  
fa%ions1 t h no?+ to d ) ! man except to
 hide 8 "*4 ,!y are ! cl\ds t cl+ to    
m\nta9s4 ,"t gives u cle>] vision4 ,t   
:i* 0 m]ely local fades away4 ,! words (
 envy are =gott51 & all !re is ( /]l+   
wor? rema9s4 ,he :o 0 call$ a p>tisan is
 a patriot4 ,! revolutioni/ & ! outlaw  
are ! f\nd]s ( nations1 & he :o 0 reg>d$
 z a s*em+1 selfi% politician becomes a 
/atesman1 a philosoph]1 ^: words & de$s 
%$ light4  ,=tunate is t nation great   

en\gh to "k ! great4  ,:5 a great man   
dies--"o :o has nobly f\ght ! battle ( a
 life1 :o has be5 fai?ful to e tru/1 &  
has utt]$ 8 highe/1 noble/ ?\ght--"o :o 
has /ood pr\dly by ! "r 9 spite ( je] & 
taunt1 nei!r /opp$ by foe nor sw]v$ by  
fri5d--9 honor+ him1 9 speak+ words (   
praise & love above 8 du/1 we pay a     
tribute to ourselves4  ,h[ poor ?is _w  
w\ld be )\t its graves1 )\t ! memories (
 its mighty dead4 ,only ! voiceless     
speak =ev]4  ,intellig5ce1 integrity &  
c\rage are ! great pill>s t support !   
,/ate4  ,above all1 ! citiz5s ( a free  
nation %\ld honor ! brave & indep5d5t   
man--! man ( /a9less integrity1 ( w &   
intellectual =ce4 ,su* m5 are ! ,atlases
 on ^: mighty %\ld]s re/ ! great fabric 
( ! ,republic4 ,flatt]]s1 cr+]s1        
crawl]s1 "t-s]v]s are ! dang]\s citiz5s 
( a democracy4 ,!y :o ga9 applause & p[]
 by p&]+ to ! mi/akes1 ! prejudices &   
passions ( ! multitude1 are ! enemies ( 
lib]ty4  ,:5 ! intellig5t submit to !   
clamor ( ! _m1 an>*y beg9s & ! ,republic

 rea*es ! edge ( *aos4 ,m$iocrity1 t\*$ 
) ambition1 flatt]s ! base & calumniates
 ! great1 :ile ! true patriot1 :o w d   
nei!r1 is (t5 sacrific$4  ,9 a gov]nm5t 
( ! p a lead] %\ld be a tea*]--he %\ld  
c>ry ! tor* ( tru?4  ,mo/ p are ! slaves
 ( habit--foll[]s ( cu/om--believ]s 9 ! 
wisdom ( ! pa/--& 7 x n = brave &       
spl5did s\ls1 ! du/ ( antique "t w\ld   
lie unswept1 & m\nta9\s error be too    
highly heap$ = tru? to ov]pe]4 ,cu/om is
 a prison1 lock$ & b>r$ by ^? :o long   
ago 7 du/1 ! keys ( :i* are 9 ! keep+ ( 
! dead4  ,no?+ is gr&] ?an :5 a /rong1  
intrepid man breaks *a9s1 levels walls &
 brea/s ! _m-head$ mob l "s great cliff 
t meets & mocks ! innum]able bill[s ( ! 
sea4  ,! politician ha/5s to agree ) !  
majority--insi/s t _! prejudice is      
patriotism1 t _! ignorance is wisdom2--n
 t he loves !m1 b because he loves      
himself4 ,! /atesman1 ! real re=m]1     
po9ts out ! mi/akes ( ! multitude1      
attacks ! prejudices ( 8 c\ntrym51      
laughs at _! follies1 d5\nces _!        

cruelties1 enlight5s & enl>ges _! m9ds &
 educates ! consci5ce--n because he     
loves himself1 b because he loves &     
s]ves ! "r & wi%es to make 8 c\ntry     
great & free4  ,) him defeat is b a spur
 to fur!r ef=t4 ,he :o refuses to /oop1 
:o _c be brib$ by ! promise ( success1  
or ! fe> ( failure--:o walks ! highway (
 ! "r1 & 9 disa/] /&s erect1 is ! only  
victor4 ,no?+ is m despicable ?an to    
rea* fame by crawl+1--position by cr++4 
,:5 real hi/ory %all be writt5 by !     
tru?ful & ! wise1 ^! m51 ^! kneel]s at !
 %r9es ( *ance & fraud1 ^! braz5 idols  
wor%ip$ once z gods1 w be ! v food (    
scorn1 :ile ^? :o bore ! burd5 ( defeat1
 :o e>n$ & kept _! self-respect1 :o w\ld
 n b[ to man or m5 = place or p[]1 w we>
 ^u _! br[s ! laurel m+l$ ) ! oak4      
,roscoe ,conkl+ 0 a man ( sup]b c\rage4 
,he n only act$ )\t fe>1 b he _h t      
=titude ( s\l t be>s ! consequ5ces ( !  
c\rse pursu$ )\t compla9t4 ,he 0 *>g$ ) 
be+ pr\d4 ,! *>ge 0 true--he 0 pr\d4 ,8 
knees 7 z inflexible z ! unw$geable &   

gn>l$ oak1 b he 0 n va94 ,vanity re/s on
 ! op9ion ( o!rs--pride1 on our own4 ,! 
s\rce ( vanity is f )\t--( pride1 f )94 
,vanity is a vane t turns1 a will[ t    
b5ds1 ) e breeze--pride is ! oak t      
defies ! /orm4 ,"o is cl\d--! o!r rock4 
,"o is weakness--! o!r /r5g?4  ,?is     
imp]i\s man ent]$ public life 9 ! dawn (
 ! re=mation--at a "t :5 ! c\ntry ne$$  
m5 ( pride1 ( pr9ciple & c\rage4 ,!     
in/itution ( slav]y _h poison$ all !    
spr+s ( p[]4 ,be=e ?is crime ambition   
fell ^u its knees1--politicians1 judges1
 cl]gym51 & m]*ant-pr9ces b[$ l[ &      
humbly1 ) _! hats 9 _! h&s4 ,! real     
fri5d ( man 0 d5\nc$ z ! enemy ( 8      
c\ntry--! real enemy ( ! human race 0   
call$ a /atesman & a patriot4 ,slav]y 0 
! bond & pl$ge ( peace1 ( union1 &      
national greatness4 ,! temple ( ,am]ican
 lib]ty 0 f9i%$--! auction-block 0 !    
corn]-/one4  ,x is h>d to conceive ( !  
utt] demoralization1 ( ! political      
bl9dness & immorality1 ( ! patriotic    
di%one/y1 ( ! cruelty & degradation ( a 

p :o supplem5t$ ! incomp>able           
,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce ) ! ,fugitive 
,slave ,law4  ,?9k ( ! honor$ /atesm5 ( 
t ignoble "t :o wall[$ 9 ?is mire & :o1 
decorat$ ) dripp+ fil?1 receiv$ !       
plaudits ( _! fell[-m54 ,! noble1 !     
really patriotic1 7 ! victims ( mobs1 & 
! %ameless 7 clad 9 ! robes ( (fice4  ,b
 let u speak no ^w ( blame--let u feel t
 ea* "o act$ accord+ to 8 light--accord+
 to 8 d>kness4  ,at la/ ! conflict came4
 ,! ho/s ( light & d>kness prep>$ to    
meet ^u ! fields ( w>4 ,! "q 0 pres5t$3 
,%all ! ,republic be slave or free8 ,!  
,republican p>ty _h triumph$ at ! polls4
 ,! greate/ man 9 our hi/ory 0 ,presid5t
 elect4 ,! victors 7 appall$--!y %rank f
 ! great responsibility ( success4 ,9 ! 
pres5ce ( rebellion !y hesitat$--!y (f]$
 to return ! fruits ( victory4 ,hop+ to 
av]t w> !y 7 will+ t slav]y %\ld become 
immortal4 ,an am5dm5t to ! ,con/itution 
0 propos$1 to ! effect t no subsequ5t   
am5dm5t %\ld ev] be made t 9 anyway %\ld
 int]f]e ) ! "r ( man to /eal 8         

fell[-m54  ,?is1 ! mo/ m>vel\s          
proposition ev] submitt$ to a ,congress 
( civiliz$ m51 receiv$ 9 ! ,h\se an     
ov]:elm+ majority1 & ! necess>y         
two-?irds 9 ! ,s5ate4 ,! ,republican    
p>ty1 9 ! mom5t ( its triumph1 des]t$ e 
pr9ciple = :i* x _h s gallantly cont5d$1
 & ) ! trembl+ h&s ( fe> laid its       
convictions on ! alt> ( compromise4  ,! 
,old ,gu>d1 numb]+ b sixty-five 9 !     
,h\se1 /ood z firm z ! ?ree hundr$ at   
,!rmopylae4 ,?ad-deus ,/ev5s--z         
malici\sly "r z any o!r man 0 ev]       
wrong--refus$ to kneel4 ,ow5 ,lovejoy1  
rememb]+ 8 bro!r's noble blood1 refus$  
to surr5d]1 & on ! edge ( disunion1 9 ! 
%ad[ ( civil w>1 ) ! air fill$ ) s\nds (
 dreadful prep>ation1 :ile ! ,republican
 p>ty 0 retrac+ its /eps1 ,roscoe       
,conkl+ vot$ ,no4 ,?is puts a wrea? (   
glory on 8 tomb4 ,f t vote to ! la/     
mom5t ( 8 life he 0 a *ampion ( equal   
rights1 /aun* & /alw>t4  ,f t mom5t he  
/ood 9 ! front rank4 ,he nev] wav]$ & he
 nev] sw]v$4 ,by 8 devotion to          

pr9ciple--8 c\rage1 ! spl5dor ( 8       
diction1--by 8 v>i$ & pr(\nd k1 8       
consci5ti\s devotion to ! great cause1 &
 by 8 intellectual scope & grasp1 he won
 & held ! admiration ( 8 fell[-m54      
,disa/]s 9 ! field1 rev]ses at ! polls1 
did n & c\ld n %ake 8 c\rage or 8 fai?4 
,he knew ! gha/ly mean+ ( defeat4 ,he   
knew t ! great %ip t slav]y s\ght to /r&
 & wreck 0 freight$ ) ! _w's sublime/   
hope4  ,he battl$ = a nation's life--= !
 rights ( slaves--! dignity ( labor1 & !
 lib]ty ( all4 ,he gu>d$ ) a fa!r's c>e 
! rights ( ! hunt$1 ! hat$ & despis$4   
,he attack$ ! savage /atutes ( !        
recon/ruct$ ,/ates ) a torr5t (         
invective1 scorn & execration4 ,he 0 n  
satisfi$ until ! fre$man 0 an ,am]ican  
,citiz5--clo!d ) e civil "r--until !    
,con/itution 0 8 %ield--until ! ballot 0
 8 sword4  ,& long aft] we are dead1 !  
color$ man 9 ?is & o!r l&s w speak 8 "n 
9 rev]5ce & love4 ,o!rs wav]$1 b he /ood
 firm2 "s 7 false1 b he 0 pr\dly        
true--fe>lessly fai?ful unto dea?4  ,he 

gladly1 pr\dly grasp$ ! h&s ( color$ m5 
:o /ood ) him z mak]s ( our laws1 &     
treat$ !m z equals & z fri5ds4 ,! cry ( 
social equality co9$ & utt]$ by ! cruel 
& ! base1 0 to him ! expression ( a     
great & spl5did tru?4 ,he knew t no man 
c be ! equal ( ! "o he robs--t !        
intellig5t & unju/ are n ! sup]iors ( ! 
ignorant & hone/--& he also felt1 &     
pr\dly felt1 t if he 7 n too great to   
rea* ! h& ( help & recognition to !     
slave1 no o!r ,s5ator c\ld rightfully   
refuse4  ,we rise by rais+ o!rs--& he :o
 /oops above ! fall51 /&s erect4  ,no?+ 
c be gr&] ?an to s[ ! se$s ( noble      
?\ghts & virtu\s de$s--to lib]ate !     
bodies & ! s\ls ( m5--to e>n ! grateful 
homage ( a race--& !n1 9 life's la/     
%ad[y h\r1 to "k t ! hi/orian ( ,lib]ty 
w be compell$ to write y\r "n4  ,!re are
 no words int5se en\gh1--) he>t         
en\gh--to express my admiration = !     
great & gallant s\ls :o h 9 e age & e l&
 upheld ! "r1 & :o h liv$ & di$ =       
fre$om's sake4  ,9 our lives h be5 !    

gr&e/ ye>s t man has liv$1 t ,"t has    
measur$ by ! flight ( worlds4  ,! hi/ory
 ( t great ,p>ty t let ! oppress$ g     
free--t lift$ our nation f ! dep?s (    
savag]y to fre$om's cl\dless heights1 & 
tore ) holy h&s f e law ! words t       
sanctifi$ ! cruelty ( man1 is ! mo/     
glori\s 9 ! annals ( our race4 ,nev]    
be=e 0 !re su* a moral exaltation--nev] 
a p>ty ) a purpose s pure & high4 ,x 0 !
 embodi$ consci5ce ( a nation1 !        
en?usiasm ( a p guid$ by wisdom1 !      
imp]sonation ( ju/ice2 & ! sublime      
victory a*iev$ load$ ev5 ! conqu]$ ) all
 ! rights t fre$om c be/[4  ,roscoe     
,conkl+ 0 an absolutely hone/ man4      
,hone/y is ! oak ar\nd :i* all o!r      
virtues cl+4 ,)\t t !y fall1 & grovel+  
die 9 we$s & du/4 ,he believ$ t a nation
 %\ld dis*>ge its obligations4 ,he knew 
t a promise c\ld n be made (t5 en\gh1 or
 emphatic en\gh1 to take ! place (      
paym5t4 ,he felt t ! promise ( !        
,gov]nm5t 0 ! promise ( e citiz5--t a   
national obligation 0 a p]sonal debt1 & 

t no possible comb9ation ( words &      
pictures c\ld take ! place ( co94 ,he   
utt]$ ! spl5did tru? t ! high]          
obligations among m5 are n set d[n 9    
writ+ sign$ & seal$1 b reside 9 honor4  
,he knew t repudiation 0 ! sacrifice (  
honor--! dea? ( ! national s\l4 ,he knew
 t )\t "*1 )\t integrity1 !re is no     
weal?1 & t bel[ pov]ty1 bel[ bankruptcy1
 is ! rayless abyss ( repudiation4 ,he  
upheld ! sacr$ness ( contracts1 (       
plight$ national fai?1 & help$ to save &
 keep ! honor ( 8 native l&4 ,?is adds  
ano!r laurel to 8 br[4  ,he 0 ! ideal   
repres5tative1 fai?ful & incorruptible4 
,he believ$ t 8 con/itu5ts & 8 c\ntry 7 
entitl$ to ! fruit ( 8 exp]i5ce1 to 8   
be/ & highe/ ?\ght4 ,no man ev] held !  
/&>d ( responsibility high] ?an he4 ,he 
vot$ accord+ to 8 judgm5t1 8 consci5ce4 
,he made no b>ga9s--he nei!r b\ght nor  
sold4  ,to correct evils1 aboli% abuses 
& inaugurate re=ms1 he believ$ 0 n only 
! duty1 b ! privilege1 ( a legislator4  
,he nei!r sold nor mortgag$ himself4 ,he

 0 9 ,congress dur+ ! ye>s ( va/        
exp5diture1 ( w> & wa/e--:5 ! cr$it ( ! 
nation 0 loan$ to individuals--:5 claims
 7 ?ick z leaves 9 ,june1 :5 ! am5dm5t (
 a /atute1 ! *ange ( a s+le ^w1 meant   
millions1 & :5 empires 7 giv5 to        
corporations4 ,he /ood at ! summit ( 8  
p[]--pe] ( ! greate/--a lead] tri$ &    
tru/$4 ,he _h ! ta/es ( a pr9ce1 ! =tune
 ( a peasant1 & yet he nev] sw]v$4 ,no  
corporation 0 great en\gh or ri* en\gh  
to pur*ase him4 ,8 vote c\ld n be b\ght 
= all ! sun sees1 or ! close e>? wombs1 
or ! pr(\nd seas hide4 ,8 h& 0 nev] t\*$
 by any bribe1 & on 8 s\l !re nev] 0 a  
sordid /a94 ,pov]ty 0 8 priceless cr[n4 
,above 8 m>vel\s intellectual           
gifts--above all place he ev]           
rea*$1--above ! erm9e he refus$1--rises 
8 integrity l "s great m\nta9 peak--&   
!re x /&s1 firm z ! e>? b5ea?1 pure z ! 
/>s above4  ,he 0 a great lawy]4 ,he    
und]/ood ! frame-"w1 ! anatomy1 !       
f\ndations ( law2 0 famili> ) ! great   
/reams & curr5ts & tides ( au?ority4    

,he knew ! hi/ory ( legislation--!      
pr9ciples t h be5 settl$ ^u ! fields (  
w>4 ,he knew ! maxims1--^?              
cry/allizations ( common s5se1 ^?       
h&-gr5ades ( argum5t4 ,he 0 n a         
case-lawy]--a decision index1 or an e*o2
 he 0 orig9al1 ?\ghtful & pr(\nd4 ,he _h
 bread? & scope1 res\rce1 le>n+1 logic1 
& above all1 a s5se ( ju/ice4 ,he 0     
pa9/ak+ & consci5ti\s--anxi\s to "k !   
facts--prep>+ = e attack1 ready = e     
def5ce4 ,he re/$ only :5 ! end 0 rea*$4 
,dur+ ! conte/1 he nei!r s5t nor receiv$
 a flag ( truce4 ,he 0 true to 8        
cli5ts--mak+ _! case 84 ,feel+          
responsibility1 he li/5$ pati5tly to    
details1 & to 8 indu/ry !re 7 only !    
limits ( "t & /r5g?4 ,he 0 a /ud5t ( !  
,con/itution4 ,he knew ! b\nd>ies (     
,/ate & ,f$]al jurisdiction1 & no man 0 
m famili> ) ^? great decisions t are !  
peaks & promontories1 ! headl&s & !     
beacons1 ( ! law4  ,he 0 an             
orator1--logical1 e>ne/1 int5se &       
picturesque4 ,he laid ! f\ndation ) c>e1

 ) accuracy & skill1 & rose by cold     
gradation & well balanc$ =m f !         
corn]-/one ( /atem5t to ! dom$          
conclusion4 ,he fill$ ! /age4 ,he       
satisfi$ ! eye--! audi5ce 0 84 ,he _h t 
indef9able ?+ call$ pres5ce4 ,tall1     
comm&+1 erect--ample 9 spee*1 graceful 9
 complim5t1 ,titanic 9 d5unciation1 ri* 
9 illu/ration1 prodigal ( comp>ison &   
metaphor--& 8 s5t5ces1 measur$ &        
rhy?mical1 fell l music on ! enraptur$  
?rong4  ,he abhorr$ ! ,ph>isee1 & loa!d 
all consci5ti\s fraud4 ,he _h a pr(\nd  
av]sion = ^? :o insi/ on putt+ base     
motives back ( ! good de$s ( o!rs4 ,he  
wore no mask4 ,he knew 8 fri5ds--8      
enemies knew him4  ,he _h no pati5ce )  
pret5ce--) patriotic reasons = unmanly  
acts4 ,he did 8 "w & bravely spoke 8    
?\ght4  ,s5sitive to ! la/ degree1 he   
ke5ly felt ! bl[s & /abs ( ! envi\s &   
obscure--( ! smalle/1 ( ! weake/--b !   
greate/ c\ld n drive him f conviction's 
field4 ,he w\ld n /oop to ask or give an
 explanation4 ,he left 8 words & de$s to

 ju/ify !mselves4  ,he held 9 light     
e/eem a fri5d :o he>d ) half-believ+ e>s
 ! sl&] ( a foe4 ,he walk$ a highway ( 8
 own1 & kept ! company ( 8 self-respect4
 ,he w\ld n turn aside to avoid a       
foe--to greet or ga9 a fri5d4  ,9 8     
nature !re 0 no compromise4 ,to him !re 
7 b two pa?s--! "r & wrong4 ,he 0       
malign$1 misrepres5t$ & misund]/ood--b  
he w\ld n answ]4 ,he knew t "* speaks   
l\d] f> ?an any words4 ,he 0 z sil5t !n 
z he is n[--& 8 sil5ce1 bett] ?an any =m
 ( spee*1 refut$ e *>ge4  ,he 0 an      
,am]ican--pr\d ( 8 c\ntry1 t 0 & ev] w  
be pr\d ( him4 ,he did n f9d p]fection  
only 9 o!r l&s4 ,he did n gr[ small &   
%runk51 )]$ & apologetic1 9 ! pres5ce ( 
^? ^u :om greatness _h be5 ?ru/ by      
*ance4 ,he c\ld n be ov]aw$ by dukes or 
lords1 nor flatt]$ into v]tebrate-less  
subs]vi5cy by ! patroniz+ smiles ( k+s4 
,9 ! mid/ ( conv5tionalities he _h !    
feel+ ( suffocation4 ,he believ$ 9 !    
royalty ( man1 9 ! sov]eignty ( !       
citiz51 & 9 ! mat*less greatness ( ?is  

,republic4  ,he 0 ( ! classic m\ld--a   
figure f ! antique _w4 ,he _h ! pose ( !
 great /atues--! pride & be>+ ( !       
intellectual ,greek1 ( ! conqu]+ ,roman1
 & he /ood 9 ! wide free air z ?\gh )9 8
 ve9s !re fl[$ ! blood ( a hundr$ k+s4  
,& z he liv$ he di$4 ,pr\dly he ent]$ ! 
d>kness--or ! dawn--t we call dea?4     
,un%r9k+ly he pass$ beyond our horizon1 
beyond ! twilight's purple hills1 beyond
 ! utmo/ rea* ( human h>m or help--to t 
va/ realm ( sil5ce or ( joy :]e !       
innum]able dwell1 & he has left ) u 8   
weal? ( ?\ght & de$--! memory ( a brave1
 imp]i\s1 hone/ man1 :o b[$ alone to    
dea?4     ,a ,,tribute ,,to ,,ri*>d ,h4 
,,:it+4  ,new ,york1 ,may #bd41 #ahhh4  
,,my ,,fri5ds3 ,! riv] ( ano!r life has 
rea*$ ! sea4  ,aga9 we are 9 ! pres5ce (
 t et]nal peace t we call dea?4  ,my    
life has be5 ri* 9 fri5ds1 b ,i nev] _h 
a bett] or a tru] "o ?an he :o lies 9   
sil5ce "h4 ,he 0 z /eadfa/1 z fai?ful1 z
 ! />s4  ,ri*>d ,h4 ,:it+ 0 an          
absolutely hone/ man4 ,8 ^w 0 gold--8   

promise 0 fulfillm5t--& !re nev] has    
be51 !re nev] w be1 on ?is poor e>?1 any
 ?+ nobl] ?an an hone/1 lov+ s\l4  ,?is 
man 0 z reliable z ! attraction (       
gravitation--he knew no %ad[ ( turn+4   
,he 0 z g5]\s z autumn1 z hospitable z  
summ]1 & z t5d] z a p]fect day 9 ,june4 
,he =got only himself1 & ask$ favors    
only = o!rs4 ,he begg$ = ! opportunity  
to d good--to /& by a fri5d1 to support 
a cause1 to def5d :at he believ$ to be  
"r4  ,he 0 a lov] ( nature--( ! woods1 !
 fields & fl[]s4 ,he 0 a home-build]4   
,he believ$ 9 ! family & ! fireside--9 !
 sacr$ness ( ! he>?4  ,he 0 a believ] 9 
! religion ( de$1 & 8 cre$ 0 to d good4 
,no man has ev] slept 9 dea? :o ne>]    
liv$ 8 cre$4  ,i h kn[n him = _m ye>s1 &
 h yet to he> a ^w spok5 ( him except 9 
praise4  ,8 life 0 full ( honor1 (      
k9dness & ( helpful de$s4 ,besides all1 
8 s\l 0 free4 ,he fe>$ no?+1 except to d
 wrong4 ,he 0 a believ] 9 ! gospel (    
help & hope4 ,he knew h[ mu* bett]1 h[  
mu* m sacr$1 a k9d act is ?an any !ory !

 bra9 has wr\ght4  ,! good are ! noble4 
,8 life fill$ ! lives ( o!rs ) sun%9e4  
,he has left a legacy ( glory to 8      
*ildr54 ,!y c tru?fully say t )9 _! ve9s
 is "r royal blood--! blood ( an hone/1 
g5]\s man1 ( a /eadfa/ fri5d1 ( "o :o 0 
true to ! v gates ( dea?4  ,if !re be   
ano!r _w1 ano!r life beyond ! %ore (    
?is1--if ! great & good :o di$ ^u ?is   
orb are !re1--!n ! noble/ & ! be/1 )    
eag] h&s1 h welcom$ him--! equal 9      
honor1 9 g5]osity1 ( any "o t ev] pass$ 
beyond ! veil4  ,to me ?is _w is gr[+   
poor4 ,new fri5ds c nev] fill ! places (
 ! old4  ,f>ewell6 ,if ?is is ! end1 !n 
y h left to u ! sacr$ memory ( a noble  
life4 ,if ?is is n ! end1 !re is no _w 9
 :i* y1 my fri5d1 w n be lov$ & welcom$4
 ,f>ewell6     ,a ,,tribute ,,to        
,,c\rtl&t ,,palm]4  ,new ,york1 ,july   
#bf1 #ahhh4  ,,my ,,fri5ds3 ,a ?9k] (   
pure ?\ghts1 a speak] ( brave words1 a  
do] ( g5]\s de$s has rea*$ ! sil5t hav5 
t all ! dead h rea*$1 & :]e ! voyage ( e
 life mu/ end2 & we1 8 fri5ds1 :o ev5 n[

 are ha/5+ aft] him1 are met to d ! la/ 
k9d acts t man may d = man--to tell 8   
virtues & to lay ) t5d]ness & te>s lay  
a%es 9 ! sacr$ place ( re/ & peace4  ,"s
 "o has said1 t 9 ! op5 h&s ( dea? we   
f9d only :at !y gave away4  ,let u      
believe t pure ?\ghts1 brave words &    
g5]\s de$s c nev] die4 ,let u believe t 
!y be> fruit & add =ev] to ! well-be+ ( 
! human race4 ,let u believe t a noble1 
self-d5y+ life increases ! moral weal? (
 man1 & gives assurance t ! future w be 
gr&] ?an ! pa/4  ,9 ! monotony (        
subs]vi5ce1 9 ! multitude ( bl9d        
foll[]s1 no?+ is m inspir+ ?an a free & 
indep5d5t man--"o :o gives & asks       
reasons2 "o :o dem&s fre$om & gives :at 
he dem&s2 "o :o refuses to be slave or  
ma/]4 ,su* a man 0 ,c\rtl&t ,palm]1 to  
:om we pay ! tribute ( respect & love4  
,he 0 an hone/ man--he gave ! rights he 
claim$4 ,?is 0 ! f\ndation on :i* he    
built4 ,to ?9k = himself--to give 8     
?\ght to o!rs2 ?is 0 to him n only a    
privilege1 n only a "r1 b a duty4  ,he  

believ$ 9 self-pres]vation--9 p]sonal   
indep5d5ce--t is to say1 9 manhood4  ,he
 pres]v$ ! realm ( m9d f ! invasion (   
brute =ce1 & protect$ ! *ildr5 ( ! bra9 
f ! ,h]od ( au?ority4  ,he inve/igat$ = 
himself ! que/ions1 ! problems & !      
my/]ies ( life4 ,majorities 7 no?+ to   
him4 ,no error c\ld be old              
en\gh--popul>1 plausible or pr(itable   
en\gh--to bribe 8 judgm5t or to keep 8  
consci5ce /ill4  ,he knew t1 next to    
f9d+ tru?1 ! greate/ joy is hone/ se>*4 
,he 0 a believ] 9 intellectual          
hospitality1 9 ! fair ex*ange ( ?\ght1 9
 good m5tal mann]s1 9 ! am5ities ( !    
s\l1 9 ! *ivalry ( discussion4  ,he     
insi/$ t ^? :o speak %\ld he>2 t ^? :o  
"q %\ld answ]2 t ea* %\ld /rive n = a   
victory ov] o!rs1 b = ! discov]y ( tru?1
 & t tru? :5 f\nd %\ld be welcom$ by e  
human s\l4  ,he knew t tru? has no fe> (
 inve/igation--( be+ und]/ood4 ,he knew 
t tru? loves ! day--t its enemies are   
ignorance1 prejudice1 egotism1 bigotry1 
hypocrisy1 fe> & d>kness1 & t           

intellig5ce1 c&or1 hone/y1 love & light 
are its et]nal fri5ds4  ,he believ$ 9 ! 
morality ( ! useful--t ! virtues are !  
fri5ds ( man--! se$s ( joy4  ,he knew t 
consequ5ces det]m9e ! quality ( actions1
 & t :atsoev] a man s[s t %all he also  
reap4  ,9 ! positive philosophy (       
,augu/e ,comte he f\nd ! framework ( 8  
cre$4 ,9 ! conclusions ( t great1       
sublime & t5d] s\l he f\nd ! re/1 !     
s]5ity & ! c]ta9ty he s\ght4  ,! cl\ds  
_h fall5 f 8 life4 ,he saw t ! old fai?s
 7 b phases 9 ! gr[? ( man--t out f !   
d>kness1 up f ! dep?s1 ! human race     
?r\gh c\ntless ages & 9 e l& _h /ruggl$ 
t[>d ! ev]-gr[+ light4  ,he felt t !    
liv+ are indebt$ to ! noble dead1 & t   
ea* %\ld pay 8 debt2 t he %\ld pay x by 
pres]v+ to ! ext5t ( 8 p[] ! good he    
has1 by de/roy+ ! hurtful1 by add+ to ! 
k ( ! _w1 by giv+ bett] ?an he _h       
receiv$2 & t ea* %\ld be ! be>] ( a     
tor*1 a giv] ( light = all t is1 = all  
to be4  ,?is 0 ! religion ( duty        
p]ceiv$1 ( duty )9 ! rea* ( man1 )9 !   

circumf]5ce ( ! kn[n--a religion )\t    
my/]y1 ) exp]i5ce = ! f\ndation (       
belief--a religion und]/ood by ! head & 
approv$ by ! he>t--a religion t appeal$ 
to reason ) a def9ite end 9 view--!     
civilization & developm5t ( ! human race
 by legitimate1 adequate & natural      
means--t is to say1 by asc]ta9+ !       
conditions ( progress & by tea*+ ea* to 
be noble en\gh to live = all4  ,?is is !
 gospel ( man2 ?is is ! gospel ( ?is _w2
 ?is is ! religion ( humanity2 ?is is a 
philosophy t comtemplates n ) scorn1 b )
 pity1 ) admiration & ) love all t man  
has done1 reg>d+1 z x does1 ! pa/ ) all 
its faults & virtues1 its suff]+s1 its  
cruelties & crimes1 z ! only road by :i*
 ! p]fect c\ld be rea*$4  ,he d5i$ !    
sup]natural--! phantoms & ! gho/s t fill
 ! twilight-l& ( fe>4 ,to him & = him   
!re 0 b "o religion--! religion ( pure  
?\ghts1 ( noble words1 ( self-d5y+ de$s1
 ( hone/ "w = all ! _w--! religion (    
,help & ,hope4  ,facts 7 ! f\ndation ( 8
 fai?2 hi/ory 0 8 prophet2 reason 8     

guide2 duty 8 deity2 happ9ess ! end2    
intellig5ce ! means4  ,he knew t man mu/
 be ! provid5ce ( man4  ,he did n       
believe 9 ,religion & ,sci5ce1 b 9 !    
,religion ( ,sci5ce--t is to say1 wisdom
 glorifi$ by love1 ! ,savior ( our      
race--! religion t conqu]s prejudice &  
hatr$1 t drives all sup]/ition f ! m9d1 
t ennobles1 l5g!ns & enri*es life1 t    
drives f e home ! wolves ( want1 f e    
he>t ! fi5ds ( selfi%ness & fe>1 & f e  
bra9 ! mon/]s ( ! night4  ,he liv$ &    
labor$ = 8 fell[-m54 ,he sid$ ) ! weak &
 poor aga9/ ! /rong & ri*4 ,he welcom$  
light4 ,8 face 0 ev] t[>d ! ,ea/4       
,accord+ to 8 light he liv$4 ,! _w 0 8  
c\ntry--to d good 8 religion4 ,!re is no
 language to express a nobl] cre$ ?an   
?is2 no?+ c be gr&]1 m compreh5sive1    
ne>] p]fect4 ,?is 0 ! cre$ t glorifi$ 8 
life & made 8 dea? sublime4  ,he 0      
afraid to d wrong1 & = t reason 0 n     
afraid to die4  ,he knew t ! end 0 ne>4 
,he knew t 8 "w 0 done4 ,he /ood )9 !   
twilight1 )9 ! deep5+ gloom1 kn[+ t = ! 

la/ "t ! gold 0 fad+ f ! ,we/ & t !re   
c\ld n fall aga9 )9 8 eyes ! trembl+    
lu/re ( ano!r dawn4 ,he knew t night _h 
come1 & yet 8 s\l 0 fill$ ) light1 = 9 t
 night ! memory ( 8 g5]\s de$s %one out 
l />s4  ,:at c we say8 ,:at words c     
solve ! my/]y ( life1 ! my/]y ( dea?8   
,:at words c ju/ly pay a tribute to !   
man :o liv$ to 8 ideal1 :o spoke 8 hone/
 ?\ght1 & :o 0 turn$ aside nei!r by     
envy1 nor hatr$1 nor contumely1 nor     
sl&]1 nor scorn1 nor fe>8  ,:at words w 
d t life ! ju/ice t we "k & feel8  ,a   
he>t breaks1 a man dies1 a leaf falls 9 
! f> =e/1 a babe is born1 & ! great _w  
sweeps on4  ,by ! grave ( man /&s !     
angel ( ,sil5ce4  ,no "o c tell :i* is  
bett]--,life ) its gleams & %ad[s1 its  
?rills & pangs1 its ec/asy & te>s1 its  
wrea?s & ?orns1 its cr[ns1 its glories &
 ,golgo?as1 or ,dea?1 ) its peace1 its  
re/1 its cool & placid br[ t ha? )9 no  
memory or fe> ( grief or pa94  ,f>ewell1
 de> fri5d4 ,! _w is bett] = y\r        
life--,! _w is brav] = y\r dea?4        

,f>ewell6 ,we lov$ y liv+1 & we love y  
n[4     ,a ,,tribute ,,to ,,mrs4 ,,m>y  
,h4 ,,fiske4  ,at ,scotti% ,rite ,hall1 
,new ,york1 ,febru>y #f1 #ahhi4   ,,my  
,,fri5ds3 ,9 ! pres5ce ( ! two great    
my/]ies1 ,life & ,dea?1 we are met to   
say above ?is /ill1 unconsci\s h\se (   
clay1 a few words ( k9dness1 ( regret1 (
 love1 & hope4  ,9 ?is pres5ce1 let u   
speak ( ! goodness1 ! *>ity1 ! g5]osity 
& ! g5ius ( ! dead4  ,only fl[]s %\ld be
 laid ^u ! tomb4 ,9 life's la/ pill[ !re
 %\ld be no ?orns4  ,m>y ,fiske 0 l     
h]self--%e patt]n$ aft] none4 ,%e 0 a   
g5ius1 & put h] s\l 9 all %e did &      
wrote4 ,%e c>$ no?+ = roads1 no?+ =     
beat5 pa?s1 no?+ = ! foot/eps ( o!rs--%e
 w5t across ! fields & ?r\gh ! woods &  
by ! w9d+ /reams1 & d[n ! vales1 or ov] 
crags1 :]ev] fancy l$4 ,%e wrote l9es t 
leap$ ) laught] & words t 7 wet ) te>s4 
,%e gave u qua9t ?\ghts1 & say+s fill$ )
 ! p]t & nimble _s ( mir?4 ,h] pages 7  
fleck$ ) sun%9e & %ad[1 & 9 e ^w 7 !    
pulse & brea? ( life4  ,h] he>t w5t out 

to all ! wret*$ 9 ?is we>y _w--& yet %e 
seem$ z joy\s z ?\gh grief & dea? 7     
n\ght b words4 ,%e wept :]e o!rs wept1 b
 9 h] own mis=tunes f\nd ! food ( hope4 
,%e c>$ = ! to-morr[ ( o!rs1 b n = h]   
own4 ,%e liv$ = to-day4  ,"s he>ts are l
 a waveless pool1 satisfi$ to hold !    
image ( a wondr\s />--b h]s 0 full (    
motion1 life & light & /orm4  ,%e long$ 
= fre$om4 ,e limitation 0 a prison's    
wall4 ,rules 7 %ackles1 & =ms 7 made =  
s]fs & slaves4  ,%e gave h] utmo/ ?\ght4
 ,%e prais$ all g5]\s de$s2 applaud$ !  
/ruggl+ & ev5 ^? :o fail$4  ,%e piti$ ! 
poor1 ! =sak51 ! fri5dless4 ,no "o c\ld 
fall bel[ h] pity1 no "o c\ld w&] beyond
 ! circumf]5ce ( h] sympa?y4 ,to h] !re 
7 no outca/s--!y 7 victims4 ,%e knew t !
 inhabitants ( palaces & p5it5ti>ies    
might *ange places )\t add+ to !        
inju/ice ( ! _w4 ,%e knew t circum/ances
 & conditions det]m9e "*--t ! l[e/ & !  
wor/ ( our race 7 *ildr5 once1 z pure z 
light1 ^: *eeks dimpl$ ) smiles b5ea? ! 
heav5 ( a "m's eyes4 ,%e ?\ght ( ! road 

!y _h travel$1 ( ! ?orns t _h pi]c$ _!  
feet1 ( ! des]ts !y _h cross$1 & s1     
in/ead ( words ( scorn %e gave ! eag] h&
 ( help4  ,no "o appeal$ to h] 9 va94   
,%e li/5$ to ! /ory ( ! poor1 & all %e  
_h %e gave4 ,a god c\ld d no m4  ,!     
de/itute & suff]+ turn$ naturally to h]4
 ,! maim$ & hurt s\ght = h] op5 door1 & 
! helpless put _! h&s 9 h]s4  ,%e %ield$
 ! weak--%e attack$ ! /rong4  ,h] he>t 0
 op5 z ! gates ( day4 ,%e %$ k9dness z !
 sun %$s light4 ,if all h] de$s 7 fl[]s1
 ! air w\ld be fa9t ) p]fume4 ,if all h]
 *>ities c\ld *ange to melodies1 a      
symphony w\ld fill ! sky4  ,m>y ,fiske  
_h )9 h] bra9 ! div9e fire call$ g5ius1 
& 9 h] he>t ! t\* ( nature t makes !    
:ole _w k94  ,%e wrote z a /ream runs1 t
 w9ds & babbles ?r\gh ! %ad[y fields1 t 
falls 9 foam ( flight & ha/e & laugh+   
jo9s ! sea4  ,a little :ile ago a babe 0
 f\nd--"o t _h be5 ab&on$ by its        
"m--left z a legacy to *ance or fate4 ,!
 w>m he>t ( ,m>y ,fiske1 n[ cold 9 dea?1
 0 t\*$4 ,%e took ! waif & held x lov+ly

 to h] brea/ & made ! *ild h] own4  ,we 
pray !e1 ,"m ,nature1 t ?\ wilt take ?is
 woman & hold h] z t5d]ly 9 ?y arms1 z  
%e held & press$ aga9/ h] g5]\s1 ?robb+ 
he>t1 ! ab&on$ babe4  ,we ask no m4  ,9 
?is pres5ce1 let u rememb] our faults1  
our frailties1 & ! g5]\s1 helpful1      
self-d5y+1 lov+ de$s ( ,m>y ,fiske4     
,a ,,tribute ,,to ,,horace ,,seav]4  ,at
 ,pa9e ,hall1 ,bo/on1 ,augu/ #be1 #ahhi4
       99 ,! eulogy pron\nc$ at ! fun]al
 ( ,horace ,%av] ,9      ,pa9e ,hall la/
 ,sunday 0 ! tribute ( "o great man to  
ano!r4 ,to h ,rob]t ,g4 ,+]soll speak   
words ( praise      above ! sil5t =m is 
fame2 to des]ve ^! words is             
immortality4--,! ,bo/on ,inve/igator1   
,augu/ #bh1 #ahhi4   ,,horace ,,seav] 0 
a pione]1 a tor*-be>]1 a toil] 9 t great
 field we call ! _w--a work] = 8        
fell[-m54 ,at ! end ( 8 task he has     
fall5 asleep1 & we are met to tell !    
/ory ( 8 long & useful life--to pay our 
tribute to 8 "w & wor?4  ,he 0 "o :o saw
 ! dawn :ile o!rs liv$ 9 night4 ,he kept

 8 face t[>d ! purpl+ ea/ & wat*$ ! com+
 ( ! bless$ day4  ,he always s\ght =    
light4 ,8 object 0 to "k--to f9d a      
reason = 8 fai?--a fact on :i* to build4
  ,9 sup]/ition's s&s he s\ght ! gems ( 
tru?2 9 sup]/ition's night he look$ =   
/>s4  ,born 9 ,new ,engl&--re>$ amid/ ! 
cruel sup]/itions ( 8 age & "t1 he _h ! 
manhood & ! c\rage to inve/igate1 & he  
_h ! goodness & ! c\rage to tell 8 hone/
 ?\ghts4  ,he 0 always k9d1 & s\ght to  
w9 ! confid5ce ( m5 by sympa?y & love4  
,!re 0 no ta9t or t\* ( malice 9 8      
blood4 ,to him 8 fell[s did n seem      
deprav$--!y 7 n :olly bad--!re 0 )9 !   
he>t ( ea* ! se$s ( good4 ,he knew t    
back ( e ?\ght & act 7 =ces uncontroll$4
 ,he wisely said3 ,circum/ances furni% !
 se$s ( good & evil1 & man is b ! soil 9
 :i* !y gr[4 ,horace ,seav] 0 cr[n$ ) ! 
wrea? ( 8 own de$s1 wov5 by ! g5]\s h& (
 a noble fri5d4 ,he f\ght ! cre$1 & lov$
 ! man4 ,he piti$ ^? :o fe>$ & %udd]$ at
 ! ?\ght ( dea?--:o dwelt 9 d>kness & 9 
dread4  ,! religion ( 8 day fill$ 8 he>t

 ) horror4  ,he 0 k9d1 compassionate1 & 
t5d]1 & c\ld n fall ^u 8 knees be=e a   
cruel & rev5geful ,god--he c\ld n b[ to 
"o :o slew ) fam9e1 sword & fire--to "o 
pitiless z pe/il5ce1 rel5tless z !      
lightn+ /roke4 ,jehovah _h no attribute 
t he c\ld love4  ,he attack$ ! cre$ (   
,new ,engl&--a cre$ t _h )9 x ! f]ocity 
( ,knox1 ! malice ( ,calv91 ! cruelty ( 
,jona?an ,edw>ds--a religion t _h a     
mon/] = a ,god--a religion ^: dogmas    
w\ld h %ock$ cannibals fea/+ ^u babes4  
,horace ,seav] foll[$ ! light ( 8       
bra9--! impulse ( 8 he>t4 ,he 0 attack$1
 b he answ]$ ! insult] ) a smile2 & ev5 
he :o co9$ malignant lies 0 treat$ z a  
fri5d misl$4 ,he did n ask ,god to =give
 8 enemies--he =gave !m himself4 ,he 0  
s9c]e4 ,s9c]ity is ! true & p]fect      
mirror ( ! m9d4 ,x reflects ! hone/     
?\ght4 ,x is ! f\ndation ( "*1 & )\t x  
!re is no moral gr&eur4  ,sacr$ are !   
lips f :i* has issu$ only tru?4 ,ov] all
 weal?1 above all /ation1 above ! noble1
 ! rob$ & cr[n$1 rises ! s9c]e man4     

,happy is ! man :o nei!r pa9ts nor      
pat*es1 veils nor v5e]s4 ,bless$ is he  
:o we>s no mask4  ,! man :o lies be=e u 
wrapp$ 9 p]fect peace1 practic$ no art  
to hide or half conceal 8 ?\ght4 ,he did
 n write or speak ! d\ble words t might 
be useful 9 retreat4 ,he gave a tru?ful 
transcript ( 8 m9d1 & s\ght to make 8   
mean+ cle> z light4  ,to use 8 own      
words1 he _h ! c\rage :i* impels a man  
to d 8 duty1 to hold fa/ 8 integrity1 to
 ma9ta9 a consci5ce void ( (f5ce1 at e  
haz>d & at e sacrifice1 9 defiance ( !  
_w4  ,he liv$ to 8 ideal4 ,he s\ght !   
approbation ( himself4 ,he did n build 8
 "* ^u ! op9ions ( o!rs1 & x 0 out ( ! v
 dep?s ( 8 nature t he ask$ ?is pr(\nd  
"q3  ,:at is !re 9 o!r m5 t makes u     
desire _! approbation1 & fe> _! c5sure m
 ?an our own8  ,horace ,seav] 0 a good &
 loyal citiz5 ( ! m5tal republic--a     
believ] 91 intellectual hospitality1 "o 
:o knew t bigotry is born ( ignorance & 
fe>--! prov9cialisms ( ! bra94 ,he did n
 belong to ! tribe1 or to ! nation1 b to

 ! human race4 ,8 sympa?y 0 wide z want1
 &1 l ! sky1 b5t above ! suff]+ _w4     
,?is man _h t sup]b ?+ call$ moral      
c\rage--c\rage 9 its highe/ =m4 ,he knew
 t 8 ?\ghts 7 n ! ?\ghts ( o!rs--t he 0 
) ! few1 & t :]e "o w\ld take 8 side1   
?\s&s w\ld be 8 eag] foes4 ,he knew t   
weal? w\ld scorn & cultur$ ignorance    
d]ide1 & t believ]s 9 ! cre$s1 buttress$
 by law & cu/om1 w\ld hurl ! missiles ( 
rev5ge & hate4 ,he knew t lies1 l       
snakes1 w\ld fill ! pa?way ( 8 life--&  
yet he told 8 hone/ ?\ght--told x )\t   
hatr$ & )\t contempt--told x z x really 
04 ,& s1 ?r\gh all 8 days1 8 he>t 0 s\nd
 & /a9less to ! core4  ,:5 he enli/$ 9 !
 army ^: bann] is light1 ! hone/        
inve/igator 0 look$ ^u z lo/ & curs$1 & 
ev5 ,*ri/ian crim9als held him 9        
contempt4 ,! believ+ embezzl]1 ! or?odox
 wife-beat]1 ev5 ! murd]]1 lift$ 8      
bloody h&s & ?ank$ ,god t on 8 s\l !re 0
 no /a9 ( unbelief4  ,9 ne>ly e ,/ate ( 
our ,republic1 ! man :o d5i$ !          
absurdities & impossibilities ly+ at !  

f\ndation ( :at is call$ or?odox        
religion1 0 d5i$ 8 civil rights4 ,he 0 n
 canopi$ by ! aegis ( ! law4 ,he /ood   
beyond ! rea* ( sympa?y4 ,he 0 n all[$  
to te/ify aga9/ ! invad] ( 8 home1 !    
seek] = 8 life--8 lips 7 clos$4 ,he 0   
decl>$ di%onorable1 because he 0 hone/4 
,8 unbelief made him a social lep]1 a   
p>iah1 an outca/4 ,he 0 ! victim (      
religi\s hate & scorn4 ,array$ aga9/ him
 7 all ! prejudices & all ! =ces &      
hypocrisies ( society4 ,all mi/akes &   
lies 7 8 enemies4 ,ev5 ! ,!i/ 0 d5\nc$ z
 a di/urb] ( ! peace1 al?\gh he told 8  
?\ghts 9 k9d & c&id words4 ,he 0 call$ a
 blasphem]1 because he s\ght to rescue !
 reputation ( 8 ,god f ! sl&]s ( or?odox
 prie/s4  ,su* 0 ! bigotry ( ! "t1 t    
natural love 0 lo/4 ,! unbeliev+ son 0  
hat$ by 8 pi\s sire1 & ev5 ! "m's he>t 0
 by h] cre$ turn$ into /one4  ,horace   
,seav] pursu$ 8 way4 ,he work$ & wr\ght 
z be/ he c\ld1 9 solitude & want4 ,he   
knew ! day w\ld come4 ,he liv$ to be    
rew>d$ = 8 toil--to see mo/ ( ! laws    

repeal$ t _h made outca/s ( ! noble/1 ! 
wise/1 & ! be/4 ,he liv$ to see ! =emo/ 
prea*]s ( ! _w attack ! sacr$ cre$s4 ,he
 liv$ to see ! sci5ces releas$ f        
sup]/ition's clut*4 ,he liv$ to see !   
or?odox !ologian take 8 place ) !       
pr(essor ( ! black art1 ! =tune-tell]1 &
 ! a/rolog]4 ,he liv$ to see ! greate/ (
 ! _w accept 8 ?\ght--to see ! !ologian 
displac$ by ! true prie/s ( ,nature--by 
,humboldt & ,d>w91 by ,huxley &         
,haeckel4  ,)9 ! n>r[ compass ( 8 life !
 _w 0 *ang$4 ,! railway1 ! /eam%ip1 & ! 
telegraph made all nations neighbors4   
,c\ntless inv5tions h made ! luxuries ( 
! pa/ ! necessities ( to-day4 ,life has 
be5 enri*$1 & man ennobl$4 ,! geologi/  
has read ! records ( fro/ & flame1 ( w9d
 & wave--! a/ronom] has told ! /ory ( ! 
/>s--! biologi/ has s\ght ! g]m ( life1 
& 9 e dep>tm5t ( k ! tor* ( sci5ce %$s  
its sacr$ light4  ,! anci5t cre$s h gr[n
 absurd4 ,! miracles are small & mean4  
,! inspir$ book is fill$ ) fables told  
to please a *ildi% _w1 & ! dogma (      

et]nal pa9 n[ %ocks ! he>t & bra94  ,he 
liv$ to see a monum5t unveil$ to ,bruno 
9 ! city ( ,rome--to ,giordano ,bruno--t
 great man :o two hundr$ & eighty-n9e   
ye>s ago suff]$ dea? = hav+ proclaim$ ! 
tru?s t s9ce h fill$ ! _w ) joy4 ,he    
liv$ to see ! victim ( ! *ur* a         
victor--liv$ to see 8 memory honor$ by a
 nation fre$ f papal *a9s4  ,he work$   
kn[+ :at ! end mu/ be--expect+ little   
:ile he liv$--b kn[+ t e fact 9 ! wide  
univ]se 0 on 8 side4 ,he knew t tru? c  
wait1 & s he work$ pati5t z et]nity4    
,he _h ! bra9 ( a philosoph] & ! he>t ( 
a *ild4  ,horace ,seav] 0 a man ( common
 s5se4  ,by t ,i mean1 "o :o kn[s ! law 
( av]age4 ,he d5i$ ! ,bible1 n on acc\nt
 ( :at has be5 discov]$ 9 a/ronomy1 or !
 l5g? ( "t x took to =m ! delta ( !     
,nile--b he comp>$ ! ?+s he f\nd ) :at  
he knew4  ,he knew t antiquity add$ no?+
 to probability--t lapse ( "t c nev]    
take ! place ( cause1 & t ! du/ c nev]  
ga!r ?ick en\gh ^u mi/akes to make !m   
equal ) ! tru?4  ,he knew t ! old1 by no

 possibility1 c\ld h be5 m wond]ful ?an 
! new1 & t ! pres5t is a p]petual tor*  
by :i* we "k ! pa/4  ,to him all        
miracles 7 mi/akes1 ^: p>5ts 7 cunn+ &  
cr$ulity4 ,he knew t miracles 7 n1      
because !y are n4  ,he believ$ 9 !      
sublime1 unbrok51 & et]nal m>* ( causes 
& effects--d5y+ ! *aos ( *ance1 & !     
caprice ( p[]4  ,he te/$ ! pa/ by ! n[1 
& judg$ ( all ! m5 & races ( ! _w by ^? 
he knew4  ,he believ$ 9 ! religion (    
free ?\ght & good de$--( "*1 ( s9c]ity1 
( hone/ endeavor1 ( *e]ful help--& above
 all1 9 ! religion ( love & lib]ty--9 a 
religion = e day--= ! _w 9 :i* we       
live--= ! pres5t--! religion ( ro( &    
raim5t1 ( food1 ( intellig5ce1 (        
intellectual hospitality--! religion t  
gives heal? & happ9ess1 fre$om &        
cont5t--9 ! religion ( "w1 & 9 !        
c]emonies ( hone/ labor4  ,he liv$ = ?is
 _w2 if !re be ano!r1 he w live = t4    
,he did :at he c\ld = ! de/ruction (    
fe>--! de/ruction ( ! imag9>y mon/] :o  
rew>ds ! few 9 heav5--! mon/] :o        

tortures ! _m 9 p]dition4  ,he 0 a fri5d
 ( all ! _w1 & s\ght to civilize ! human
 race4  ,= m ?an fifty ye>s he labor$ to
 free ! bodies & ! s\ls ( m5--& _m ?\s&s
 h read 8 words ) joy4 ,he s\ght !      
suff]+ & oppress$4 ,he sat by ^? 9      
pa9--& 8 help+ h& 0 laid 9 pity on ! br[
 ( dea?4  ,he ask$ only to be treat$ z  
he treat$ o!rs4 ,he ask$ = only :at he  
e>n$1 & _h ! manhood *e]fully to accept 
! consequ5ces ( 8 actions4 ,he expect$  
no rew>d = ! goodness ( ano!r4  ,b he   
has liv$ 8 life4 ,we %\ld %$ no te>s    
except ! te>s ( gratitude4 ,we %\ld     
rejoice t he liv$ s long4  ,9 ,nature's 
c\rse1 8 "t _h come4 ,! f\r seasons 7   
complete 9 him4 ,! ,spr+ c\ld nev] come 
aga94 ,! measure ( 8 ye>s 0 full4  ,:5 !
 day is done--:5 ! "w ( a life is       
f9i%$--:5 ! gold ( ev5+ meets ! dusk (  
night1 b5ea? ! sil5t />s ! tir$ labor]  
%\ld fall asleep4 ,to outlive usefulness
 is a d\ble dea?4 ,let me n live aft] my
 flame lacks oil1 to be ! snuff ( y\ng] 
spirits4  ,:5 ! old oak is visit$ 9 va9 

by ,spr+--:5 light & ra9 no long]       
?rill--x is n well to /& leafless1      
desolate1 & alone4 ,x is bett] f> to    
fall :]e ,nature s(tly cov]s all ) wov5 
moss & creep+ v9e4  ,h[ little1 aft]    
all1 we "k ( :at is ill or well6 ,h[    
little ( ?is wondr\s /ream ( cat>acts & 
pools--?is /ream ( life1 t rises 9 a _w 
unkn[n1 & fl[s to t my/]i\s sea ^: %ore 
! foot ( "o :o comes has nev] press$6   
,h[ little ( ?is life we "k--?is /ruggl+
 ray ( light 'twixt gloom & gloom--?is  
/rip ( l& by v]dure clad1 betwe5 !      
unkn[n wa/es--?is ?robb+ mom5t fill$ )  
love & pa9--?is dream t lies betwe5 !   
%ad[y %ores ( sleep & dea?6  ,we /& ^u  
?is v]ge ( crumbl+ "t4 ,we love1 we     
hope1 we disappe>4 ,aga9 we m+le ) !    
du/1 & ! knot intr9sicate =ev] falls    
ap>t4  ,b ?is we "k3 ,a noble life      
enri*es all ! _w4  ,horace ,seav] liv$ =
 o!rs4 ,he accept$ toil & hope def]r$4  
,pov]ty 0 8 portion4 ,l ,socrates1 he   
did n seek to adorn 8 body1 b r 8 s\l ) 
! jewels ( *>ity1 mode/y1 c\rage1 &     

above all1 ) a love ( lib]ty4  ,f>ewell1
 ,o brave & mode/ man6  ,y\r lips1      
betwe5 :i* tru?s bur/ into blossom1 are 
=ev] clos$4 ,y\r lov+ he>t has ceas$ to 
beat4 ,y\r busy bra9 is /ill1 & f y\r h&
 has dropp$ ! sacr$ tor*4  ,y\r noble1  
self-d5y+ life has honor$ u1 & we w     
honor y4  ,y 7 my fri5d1 & ,i 0 y\rs4   
,above y\r sil5t clay ,i pay ?is tribute
 to y\r wor?4  ,f>ewell6     ,a         
,,tribute ,,to ,,lawr5ce ,,b>rett4  ,at 
! ,broadway ,!atre1 ,new ,york1 ,m>*    
#bb1 #ahia4   ,,my he>t tells me t on ! 
?re%old ( my address x w be appropriate 
= me to say a few words ab\t ! great    
actor :o has j fall5 into t sleep t we  
call dea?4 ,lawr5ce ,b>rett 0 my fri5d1 
& ,i 0 84 ,he 0 an int]pret] (          
,%akespe>e1 to ^: creations he gave fle%
 & blood4 ,he began at ! f\ndation ( 8  
pr(ession1 & rose until he /ood next to 
8 fri5d--next to "o :o is reg>d$ z !    
greate/ trag$ian ( our "t--next to ,edw9
 ,boo?4  ,! life ( ,lawr5ce ,b>rett 0 a 
success1 because he honor$ himself &    

add$ glory to ! /age4  ,he did n seek = 
ga9 by p&]+ to ! ?\ghtless1 ignorant or 
base4 ,he gave ! drama 9 its highe/ &   
mo/ s]i\s =m4 ,he %unn$ ! que/ionable1 !
 vulg> & impure1 & gave ! intellectual1 
! pa!tic1 ! manly & ! tragic4 ,he did n 
/oop to conqu]--he so>$4 ,he 0 fitt$ = !
 /age4 ,he _h a ?\ghtful face1 a vibrant
 voice & ! pose ( *ivalry1 & besides he 
_h pati5ce1 indu/ry1 c\rage & ! g5ius ( 
success4  ,he 0 a graceful & /rik+      
,bassanio1 a ?\ghtful ,hamlet1 an int5se
 ,o!llo1 a m>vel\s ,h>ebell1 & ! be/    
,cassius ( 8 c5tury4  ,9 ! drama ( human
 life1 all are actors1 & no "o kn[s 8   
"p4 ,9 ?is great play ! sc5es are %ift$ 
by unkn[n =ces1 & ! comm5cem5t1 plot &  
end are /ill unkn[n--are /ill unguess$4 
,"o by "o ! play]s leave ! /age1 & o!rs 
take _! places4 ,!re is no pause--! play
 goes on4 ,no prompt]'s voice is he>d1 &
 no "o has ! slighte/ clue to :at ! next
 sc5e is to be4  ,w ?is great drama h an
 end8 ,w ! curta9 fall at la/8 ,w x rise
 aga9 ^u "s o!r /age8 ,reason says      

p]haps1 & ,hope /ill :isp]s yes4 ,sadly 
,i bid my fri5d f>ewell1 ,i admir$ !    
actor1 & ,i lov$ ! man4     ,a ,,tribute
 ,,to ,,walt ,,:itman4  ,camd51 ,n4 ,j41
 ,m>* #cj1 #ahib4  ,,my ,,fri5ds3 ,aga9 
we1 9 ! my/]y ( ,life1 are br\ght face  
to face ) ! my/]y ( ,dea?4 ,a great man1
 a great ,am]ican1 ! mo/ em95t citiz5 ( 
?is ,republic1 lies dead be=e u1 & we h 
met to pay a tribute to 8 greatness & 8 
wor?4  ,i "k he ne$s no words ( m9e4 ,8 
fame is secure4 ,he laid ! f\ndations ( 
x deep 9 ! human he>t & bra94 ,he 01    
above all ,i h kn[n1 ! poet ( humanity1 
( sympa?y4 ,he 0 s great t he rose above
 ! greate/ t he met )\t arrogance1 & s  
great t he /oop$ to ! l[e/ )\t consci\s 
condesc5sion4 ,he nev] claim$ to be l[] 
or great] ?an any ( ! s\s ( m54  ,he    
came into our g5]ation a free1          
untrammel$ _s1 ) sympa?y = all4 ,8 arm 0
 b5ea? ! =m ( ! sick4 ,he sympa?iz$ ) ! 
imprison$ & despis$1 & ev5 on ! br[ (   
crime he 0 great en\gh to place ! kiss (
 human sympa?y4  ,"o ( ! greate/ l9es 9 

our lit]ature is 81 & ! l9e is great    
en\gh to d honor to ! greate/ g5ius t   
has ev] liv$4 ,he said1 speak+ ( an     
outca/3 ,n till ! sun excludes y d ,i   
exclude y4  ,8 *>ity 0 z wide z ! sky1 &
 :]ev] !re 0 human suff]+1 human        
mis=tune1 ! sympa?y ( ,:itman b5t above 
x z ! firmam5t b5ds above ! e>?4  ,he 0 
built on a broad & spl5did plan--ample1 
)\t appe>+ to h limitations--pass+      
easily = a bro!r ( m\nta9s & seas &     
con/ellations2 c>+ no?+ = ! little maps 
& *>ts ) :i* timid pilots hug ! %ore1 b 
giv+ himself freely ) recklessness (    
g5ius to w9ds & waves & tides2 c>+ =    
no?+ z long z ! />s 7 above him4 ,he    
walk$ among m51 among writ]s1 among     
v]bal v>ni%]s & v5e]]s1 among lit]>y    
mill9]s & tailors1 ) ! unconsci\s maje/y
 ( an antique god4  ,he 0 ! poet ( t    
div9e democracy :i* gives equal rights  
to all ! sons & daught]s ( m54 ,he utt]$
 ! great ,am]ican voice2 utt]$ a song   
wor?y ( ! great ,republic4 ,no man ev]  
said m = ! rights ( humanity1 m 9 favor 

( real democracy1 ( real ju/ice4 ,he    
nei!r scorn$ nor cr+$1 0 nei!r tyrant   
nor slave4 ,he ask$ only to /& ! equal (
 8 fell[s b5ea? ! great flag ( nature1 !
 blue & />s4  ,he 0 ! poet ( ,life4 ,x 0
 a joy simply to brea!4 ,he lov$ !      
cl\ds2 he enjoy$ ! brea? ( morn+1 !     
twilight1 ! w9d1 ! w9d+ /reams4 ,he lov$
 to look at ! sea :5 ! waves bur/ into !
 :itecaps ( joy4 ,he lov$ ! fields1 !   
hills2 he 0 acqua9t$ ) ! trees1 ) birds1
 ) all ! beautiful objects ( ! e>?4 ,he 
n only saw ^! objects1 b und]/ood _!    
mean+1 & he us$ !m t he might exhibit 8 
he>t to 8 fell[-m54  ,he 0 ! poet (     
,love4 ,he 0 n a%am$ ( t div9e passion t
 has built e home 9 ! _w2 t div9e       
passion t has pa9t$ e picture & giv5 u e
 real "w ( art2 t div9e passion t has   
made ! _w wor? liv+ 9 & has giv5 "s     
value to human life4  ,he 0 ! poet ( !  
natural1 & taught m5 n to be a%am$ ( t  
:i* is natural4 ,he 0 n only ! poet (   
democracy1 n only ! poet ( ! great      
,republic1 b he 0 ! poet ( ! human race4

 ,he 0 n conf9$ to ! limits ( ?is       
c\ntry1 b 8 sympa?y w5t out ov] ! seas  
to all ! nations ( ! e>?4  ,he /ret*$   
out 8 h& & felt himself ! equal ( all   
k+s & ( all pr9ces1 & ! bro!r ( all m51 
no matt] h[ high1 no matt] h[ l[4  ,he  
has utt]$ m supreme words ?an any writ] 
( our c5tury1 possibly ( almo/ any o!r4 
,he 01 above all ?+s1 a man1 & above    
g5ius1 above all ! sn[-capp$ peaks (    
intellig5ce1 above all art1 rises ! true
 man4 ,great] ?an all is ! true man1 &  
he walk$ among 8 fell[-m5 z su*4  ,he 0 
! poet ( ,dea?4 ,he accept$ all life &  
all dea?1 & he ju/ifi$ all4 ,he _h !    
c\rage to meet all1 & 0 great en\gh &   
spl5did en\gh to h>monize all & to      
accept all !re is ( life z a div9e      
melody4  ,y "k bett] ?an ,i :at 8 life  
has be51 b let me say "o ?+4 ,kn[+1 z he
 did1 :at o!rs c "k & :at !y _c1 he     
accept$ & absorb$ all !ories1 all cre$s1
 all religions1 & believ$ 9 none4 ,8    
philosophy 0 a sky t embrac$ all cl\ds &
 acc\nt$ = all cl\ds4 ,he _h a          

philosophy & a religion ( 8 own1 broad]1
 z he believ$--& z ,i believe--?an o!rs4
 ,he accept$ all1 he und]/ood all1 & he 
0 above all4  ,he 0 absolutely true to  
himself4 ,he _h frankness & c\rage1 & he
 0 z c&id z light4 ,he 0 will+ t all !  
sons ( m5 %\ld be absolutely acqua9t$ ) 
8 he>t & bra94 ,he _h no?+ to conceal4  
,frank1 c&id1 pure1 s]5e1 noble1 & yet =
 ye>s he 0 malign$ & sl&]$1 simply      
because he _h ! c&or ( nature4 ,he w be 
und]/ood yet1 & t = :i* he 0 condemn$--8
 frankness1 8 c&or--w add to ! glory &  
greatness ( 8 fame4  ,he wrote a liturgy
 = mank9d2 he wrote a great & spl5did   
psalm ( life1 & he gave to u ! gospel ( 
humanity--! greate/ gospel t c be       
prea*$4  ,he 0 n afraid to live1 n      
afraid to die4 ,= _m ye>s he & dea? 7   
ne> neighbors4 ,he 0 always will+ &     
ready to meet & greet ?is k+ call$ dea?1
 & = _m mon?s he sat 9 ! deep5+ twilight
 wait+ = ! night1 wait+ = ! light4  ,he 
nev] lo/ 8 hope4 ,:5 ! mi/s fill$ !     
valleys1 he look$ ^u ! m\nta9 tops1 & :5

 ! m\nta9s 9 d>kness disappe>$1 he fix$ 
8 gaze ^u ! />s4  ,9 8 bra9 7 ! bless$  
memories ( ! day1 & 9 8 he>t 7 m+l$ !   
dawn & dusk ( life4  ,he 0 n afraid2 he 
0 *e]ful e mom5t4 ,! laugh+ nymphs ( day
 did n des]t him4 ,!y rema9$ t !y might 
clasp ! h&s & greet ) smiles ! veil$ &  
sil5t si/]s ( ! night4 ,& :5 !y did     
come1 ,walt ,:itman /ret*$ 8 h& to !m4  
,on "o side 7 ! nymphs ( ! day1 & on !  
o!r ! sil5t si/]s ( ! night1 & s1 h& 9  
h&1 betwe5 smiles & te>s1 he rea*$ 8    
j\rney's end4  ,f ! fronti] ( life1 f ! 
we/]n wave-kiss$ %ore1 he s5t u messages
 ( cont5t & hope1 & ^! messages seem n[ 
l /ra9s ( music bl[n by ! ,my/ic        
,trumpet] f ,dea?'s pale realm4  ,to-day
 we give back to ,"m ,nature1 to h]     
clasp & kiss1 "o ( ! brave/1 sweete/    
s\ls t ev] liv$ 9 human clay4  ,*>itable
 z ! air & g5]\s z ,nature1 he 0        
neglig5t ( all except to d & say :at he 
believ$ he %\ld d & %\ld say4  ,& ,i    
to-day ?ank him1 n only = y b = myself1 
= all ! brave words he has utt]$4 ,i    

?ank him = all ! great & spl5did words  
lie has said 9 favor ( lib]ty1 9 favor (
 man & woman1 9 favor ( mo!rhood1 9     
favor ( fa!rs1 9 favor ( *ildr51 & ,i   
?ank him = ! brave words t he has said (
 dea?4  ,he has liv$1 he has di$1 & dea?
 is less t]rible ?an x 0 be=e4 ,?\s&s & 
millions w walk d[n into ! d>k valley ( 
! %ad[ hold+ ,walt ,:itman by ! h&4     
,long aft] we are dead ! brave words he 
has spok5 w s\nd l trumpets to ! dy+4   
,& s ,i lay ?is little wrea? ^u ?is     
great mans tomb4 ,i lov$ him liv+1 & ,i 
love him /ill4     ,a ,,tribute ,,to    
,,philo ,d4 ,,beck)4  ,d[agiac1 ,mi*41  
,janu>y #be1 #ahic4   ,,ladies &        
,g5tlem53 ,no?+ is nobl] ?an to plant ! 
fl[] ( gratitude on ! grave ( a g5]\s   
man--( "o :o labor$ = ! good ( all--^:  
h&s 7 op5 & ^: he>t 0 full4  ,praise = !
 noble dead is an inspiration = ! noble 
liv+4  ,lov+ words s[ se$s ( love 9 e   
g5tle he>t4 ,appreciation is ! soil &   
climate ( good & g5]\s de$s4  ,we are   
met to-night n to pay1 b to ackn[l$ge a 

debt ( gratitude to "o :o liv$ & labor$ 
"h--:o 0 ! fri5d ( all & :o = _m ye>s 0 
! provid5ce ( ! poor4 ,to "o :o left to 
^? :o knew him be/1 ! memory ( c\ntless 
lov+ de$s--! ri*e/ legacy t man c leave 
to man4  ,we are "h to d$icate ?is      
monum5t to ! /a9less memory ( ,philo ,d4
 ,beck)--"o ( ! k+s ( m54  ,?is         
monum5t--?is p]fect !atre--?is beautiful
 h\se ( *e]fulness & joy--?is home &    
*ild ( all ! arts--?is temple :]e !     
ar*itect1 ! sculptor & pa9t] unit$ to   
build & decorate a /age :]eon ! drama ) 
a ?\s& tongues w tell ! frailties & !   
virtues ( ! human race1 & music ) h]    
?rill+ voice w t\* ! s\rce ( happy te>s4
  ,?is is a fitt+ monum5t to ! man ^:   
memory we honor--to "o1 :o broad5+ ) !  
ye>s1 outgrew ! cruel cre$s1 ! he>tless 
dogmas ( 8 "t--to "o :o pass$ f         
sup]/ition to sci5ce--f religion to     
reason--f !ology to humanity--f slav]y  
to fre$om--f ! %ad[ ( fe> to ! bless$   
light ( love & c\rage4 ,to "o :o believ$
 9 intellectual hospitality--9 ! p]fect 

fre$om ( ! s\l1 & hat$ tyranny1 9 e =m1 
) all 8 he>t4  ,to "o ^: head & h&s 7 9 
p>tn]%ip con/itut+ ! firm ( ,intellig5ce
 & ,indu/ry1 & ^: he>t divid$ ! pr(its )
 8 fell[-m54 ,to "o :o f\ght ! battle ( 
life alone1 )\t ! aid ( place or weal?1 
& yet grew nobl] & g5tl] ) success4  ,to
 "o :o tri$ to make a heav5 "h & :o     
believ$ 9 ! bless$ gospel ( *e]fulness &
 love--( happ9ess & hope4  ,& x is      
fitt+1 too1 t ?is monum5t %\ld be adorn$
 ) ! sublime faces1 wr\ght 9 /one1 ( !  
immortal dead--( ^? :o battl$ = ! rights
 ( man--:o broke ! fett]s ( ! slave--(  
^? :o fill$ ! m9ds ( m5 ) poetry1 art1 &
 light--( ,voltaire1 :o aboli%$ torture 
9 ,france & :o did m = lib]ty ?an any   
o!r ( ! sons ( m5--( ,?omas ,pa9e1 ^: p5
 did z mu* z any sword to make ! ,new   
,_w free--( ,victor ,hugo1 :o wept = ^? 
:o weep--( ,em]son1 a wor%ip] ( !       
,ideal1 :o fill$ ! m9d ) sugge/ions ( ! 
p]fect--( ,goe!1 ! poet-philosoph]--(   
,:itman1 ! ample1 wide z ! sky--au?or ( 
! t5d]e/1 ! mo/ pa!tic1 ! sublime/ poem 

t ?is cont95t has produc$--( ,%akespe>e1
 ! ,k+ ( all--( ,bee?ov51 ! div9e1--(   
,*op9 & ,v]di & ( ,wagn]1 gr&e/ ( !m    
all1 ^: music satisfies ! he>t & bra9 & 
fills imag9ation's sky--( ,george       
,eliot1 :o wove )9 h] bra9 ! purple robe
 h] g5ius we>s--( ,george ,s&1 subtle & 
s9c]e1 passionate & free--& ) ^!--faces 
( ^? :o1 on ! /age1 h made ! mimic _w z 
real z life & dea?4  ,b5ea? ! l(tie/    
monum5ts may be f\nd ambition's wor?less
 du/1 :ile ^? :o liv$ ! l(tie/ lives are
 sleep+ n[ 9 unkn[n graves4  ,x may be t
 ! brave/ ( ! brave :o ev] fell ^u !    
field ( ru?less w>1 0 left )\t a grave  
to m+le sl[ly ) ! l& he sav$4  ,b "h &  
n[ ! ,man & ,monum5t agree1 & bl5d l    
s\nds t meet & melt 9 melody--a monum5t 
= ! dead--a bless+ = ! liv+--a memory ( 
te>s--a prophecy ( joy4  ,=tunate ! p   
:]e ?is good man liv$1 = !y are all 8   
heirs--& =tunate = me t ,i h _h !       
privilege ( lay+ ?is little laurel leaf 
^u 8 un/a9$ br[4  ,& n[1 speak+ = ^? he 
lov$--= ^? :o repres5t ! honor$ dead--,i

 d$icate ?is home ( mir? & song--(      
poetry & art--to ! memory ( ,philo ,d4  
,beck)--a true philosoph]--a real       
philan?ropi/4     ,a ,,tribute ,,to     
,,anton ,,seidl4       ,a telegram read 
at ! fun]al s]vices 9 ! ,metropolitan   
,op]a ,h\se1 ,new ,york ,city1 ,m>* #ca1
 #ahih4  ,,9 ! noon & z5i? ( 8 c>e]1 9 !
 flu% & glory ( success1 ,anton ,seidl1 
! greate/ or*e/ral lead] ( all "t1 !    
p]fect int]pret] ( ,wagn]1 ( all 8      
subtlety & sympa?y1 8 h]oism & gr&eur1 8
 int5sity & limitless passion1 8 wondr\s
 h>monies t tell ( all !re is 9 life1 & 
t\* ! long+s & ! hopes ( e he>t1 has    
pass$ f ! %ores ( s\nd to ! realm (     
sil5ce1 borne by ! my/]i\s & resi/less  
tide t ev] ebbs b nev] fl[s4  ,all moods
 7 84 ,delicate z ! p]fume ( ! fir/     
violet1 wild z ! /orm1 he knew ! music (
 all s\nds1 f ! ru/le ( leaves1 ! :isp] 
( hidd5 spr+s1 to ! voices ( ! sea4  ,he
 0 ! ma/] ( music1 f ! rhy?mical /ra9s (
 irresponsible joy to ! sob ( ! fun]al  
m>*4  ,he /ood l a k+ ) 8 sceptre 9 8   

h&1 & we knew t e tone & h>mony 7 9 8   
bra91 e passion 9 8 brea/1 & yet 8      
sculptur$ face 0 z calm1 z s]5e z p]fect
 art4 ,he m+l$ 8 s\l ) ! music & gave 8 
he>t to ! en*ant$ air4  ,he appe>$ to h 
no limitations1 no walls1 no *a9s4 ,he  
seem$ to foll[ ! pa?way ( desire1 & !   
m>vel\s melodies1 ! sublime h>monies1 7 
z free z eagles above ! cl\ds )         
out/ret*$ w+s4  ,he educat$1 ref9$1 &   
gave unspeakable joy to _m ?\s&s ( 8    
fell[-m54 ,he add$ to ! grace & glory ( 
life4 ,he spoke a language deep]1 m     
poetic ?an words--! language ( ! p]fect1
 ! language ( love & dea?4  ,b he is    
voiceless n[2 a f\nta9 ( h>mony has     
ceas$4 ,its inspir$ /ra9s h di$ away 9  
night1 & all its murmur+ melodies are   
/rangely /ill4  ,we w m\rn = him1 we w  
honor him1 n 9 words1 b 9 ! language t  
he us$4  ,anton ,seidl is dead4 ,play ! 
great fun]al m>*4 ,envelop him 9 music4 
,let its wail+ waves cov] him4 ,let its 
wild & m\rnful w9ds sigh & moan above   
him4 ,give 8 face to its kisses & its   

te>s4  ,play ! great fun]al m>*1 music z
 pr(\nd z dea?4 ,t w express our        
sorr[--t w voice our love1 our hope1 & t
 w tell ( ! life1 ! triumph1 ! g5ius1 ! 
dea? ( ,anton ,seidl4     ,a ,,tribute  
,,to ,,dr4 ,,?omas ,,seton ,,rob]tson4  
,new ,york ,septemb] #h1 #ahih4   ,,9 ! 
pulseless hu% ( dea?1 sil5ce seems m    
expressive1 m appropriate--?an spee*4 ,9
 ! pres5ce ( ! ,great ,my/]y1 ! great   
my/]y t waits to en%r\d u all1 we feel !
 uselessness ( words4 ,b :]e a          
fell[-mortal has rea*$ 8 j\rney's       
end--:]e ! d>kness f :i* he em]g$ has   
receiv$ him aga91 x is b natural = 8    
fri5ds to m+le ) _! grief1 expressions (
 _! love & loss4  ,he :o lies be=e u 9 !
 sleep ( dea? 0 g5]\s to 8 fell[-m54 ,8 
h&s 7 always /ret*$ to help1 to save4   
,he piti$ ! fri5dless1 ! un=tunate1 !   
hopeless--pr\d ( 8 skill--( 8 success4  
,he 0 quick to decide--to act--prompt1  
tireless1 =getful ( self4 ,he l5g!n$    
life & conqu]$ pa9--hundr$s are well &  
happy n[ because he liv$4 ,?is is en\gh4

 ,?is puts a /> above ! gloom ( dea?4   
,he 0 s5sitive to ! la/ degree--quick to
 feel a slight--to res5t a wrong--b 9 ! 
w>m? ( k9dness ! ?orn ( hatr$ blossom$4 
,he 0 n q fa%ion$ = ?is _w4 ,! fl9ts &  
?orns on life's highway bruis$ & pi]c$ 8
 fle%1 & = 8 w\nds he did n h ! bless$  
balm ( pati5ce4 ,he felt ! manacles1 !  
limitations--! imprisonm5ts ( life & s  
)9 ! walls & b>s he wore 8 v s\l away4  
,he c\ld n be> ! /orms4 ,! tides1 !     
w9ds1 ! waves1 9 ! morn+ ( 8 life1 da%$ 
8 frail b>k aga9/ ! rocks4  ,he f\ght z 
be/ he c\ld1 & t he fail$ 0 n 8 fault4  
,he 0 hone/1 g5]\s & c\rage\s4 ,^! ?ree 
great virtues 7 84 ,he 0 a true &       
/eadfa/ fri5d1 see+ only ! goodness ( ! 
ones he lov$4 ,only a great & noble he>t
 is capable ( ?is4  ,b he has pass$     
beyond ! rea* ( praise or blame--pass$  
to ! realm ( re/--to ! waveless calm (  
p]fect peace4  ,! /orm is sp5t--! w9ds  
are hu%$--! waves h di$ along ! %ore--! 
tides are /ill--! a*+ he>t has ceas$ to 
beat1 & )9 ! bra9 all ?\ghts1 all hopes 

& fe>s--ambitions1 memories1 rejoic+s & 
regrets--all images & pictures ( ! _w1 (
 life1 are n[ z ?\gh !y _h n be54 ,& yet
 ,hope1 ! *ild ( ,love--! dea?less1     
beyond ! d>kness sees ! dawn4 ,& we :o  
knew & lov$ him1 we1 :o n[ p]=m ! la/   
sad rites--! la/ t fri5d%ip c sugge/--w 
keep 8 memory gre54  ,de> ,fri5d1       
f>ewell6 ,if we d meet aga9 we %all     
smile inde$--if n1 ?is p>t+ is well     
made4 ,f>ewell6     ,a ,,tribute ,,to   
,,?omas ,,corw94  ,lebanon1 ,ohio1 ,m>* 
#e1 #ahii4       99 ,an ,impromptu      
preface to ,colonel ,+]soll's lecture at
      ,lebanon1 ,ohio4   ,,ladies &     
,g5tlem53 ,be+ = ! fir/ "t :]e ,?omas   
,corw9 liv$ & :]e 8 a%es re/1 ,i _c     
refra9 f say+ some?+ ( :at ,i feel4     
,?omas ,corw9 0 a natural orator--arm$ )
 ! sword ( attack & ! %ield ( def5ce4   
,nature fill$ 8 quiv] ) p]fect arr[s4   
,he 0 ! "l ( logic & laught]4 ,he _h !  
pres5ce1 ! pose1 ! voice1 ! face t      
mirror$ ?\ghts1 ! unconsci\s ge/ure ( ! 
orator4 ,he _h intellig5ce--a wide      

horizon--logic z un]r+ z                
ma!matics--humor z ri* z autumn :5 !    
b\ghs & v9es b5d ) ! weight ( rip5$     
fruit1 :ile ! =e/s flame ) sc>let1 br[n 
& gold4 ,he _h wit z quick & %>p z      
lightn+1 & l ! lightn+ x fill$ ! heav5s 
) sudd5 light4  ,9 8 laught] !re 0      
logic1 9 8 wit wisdom1 & 9 8 humor      
philosophy & philan?ropy4 ,he 0 a       
supreme arti/4 ,he pa9t$ pictures )     
words4 ,he knew ! /r5g?1 ! velocity (   
v]bs1 ! color1 ! light & %ade (         
adjectives4  ,he 0 a sculptor 9         
spee*--*ang+ /ones to /atues4 ,he _h 9 8
 he>t ! sacr$ some?+ t we call sympa?y4 
,he piti$ ! un=tunate1 ! oppress$ & !   
outca/ ,8 words 7 (t5 wet ) te>s--te>s t
 9 a mom5t aft] 7 glorifi$ by ! light ( 
smiles4 ,all moods 7 84 ,he knew ! he>t1
 its tides & curr5ts1 its calms & /orms1
 & l a skillful pilot he sail$ emotion's
 tr\bl$ sea4 ,he 0 nei!r solemn nor     
dignifi$1 because he 0 nei!r /upid nor  
egoti/ic4 ,he 0 natural1 & _h !         
spontaneity ( w9ds & waves4 ,he 0 !     

greate/ orator ( 8 "t1 ! gr&e/ t ev]    
/ood b5ea? our flag4 ,rev]5tly ,i lay   
?is leaf ^u 8 grave4     ,a ,,tribute   
,,to ,,isaac ,h4 ,,bailey4  ,new ,york1 
,m>* #bg1 #ahii4   ,,my ,,fri5ds3 ,:5 "o
 :om we hold de> has rea*$ ! end ( life 
& laid 8 burd5 d[n1 x is b natural = u1 
8 fri5ds1 to pay ! tribute ( respect &  
love2 to tell 8 virtues1 to express our 
s5se ( loss & speak above ! sculptur$   
clay "s ^w ( hope4  ,our fri5d1 ab\t ^: 
bi] we /&1 0 9 ! highe/1 noble/ s5se a  
man4 ,he 0 n born to weal?--he 0 8 own  
provid5ce1 8 own tea*]4 ,) him "w 0     
wor%ip & labor 0 8 only pray]4 ,he      
dep5d$ on himself1 & 0 z indep5d5t z x  
is possible = man to be4 ,he hat$ debt1 
& obligation 0 a *a9 t sc>r$ 8 fle%4 ,he
 liv$ a long & useful life4 ,9 age he   
reap$ ) joy :at he _h c[n 9 y\?4 ,he did
 n l+] until 8 flame lack$ oil1 b ) 8   
s5ses ke51 8 m9d undimm$1 & ) 8 arms    
fill$ ) ga!r$ %eaves1 9 an in/ant1      
pa9lessly1 unconsci\sly1 he pass$ f     
happ9ess & heal? to ! realm ( p]fect    

peace4 ,we ne$ n m\rn = him1 b =        
ourselves1 = ^? he lov$4  ,he 0 an      
absolutely hone/ man--a man :o kept 8   
^w1 :o fulfill$ 8 contracts1 gave heap$ 
& r\nd$ measure & dis*>g$ all           
obligations ) ! fabl$ *ivalry ( anci5t  
knights4 ,he 0 absolutely hone/1 n only 
) o!rs b ) himself4 ,to 8 la/ mom5t 8   
s\l 0 /a9less4 ,he 0 true to 8          
ideal--true to 8 ?\ght1 & :at 8 bra9    
conceiv$ 8 lips express$4 ,he refus$ to 
pret5d4 ,he knew t to believe )\t       
evid5ce 0 impossible to ! s\nd & sane1 &
 t to say y believ$ :5 y did n1 0       
possible only to ! hypocrite or c[>d4   
,he did n believe 9 ! sup]natural4 ,he 0
 a natural man & liv$ a natural life4   
,he _h no fe> ( fi5ds4 ,he c>$ no?+ = ! 
guesses ( inspir$ savages2 no?+ = !     
?reats or promises ( ! sa9t$ & insane4  
,he enjoy$ ?is life--! good ?+s ( ?is   
_w--! clasp & smile ( fri5d%ip1 !       
ex*ange ( g5]\s de$s1 ! reasonable      
gratification ( ! s5ses--( ! wants ( !  
body & m9d4 ,he 0 nei!r an insane       

ascetic nor a fool ( pleasure1 b walk$ !
 gold5 pa? along ! /rip ( v]dure t lies 
betwe5 ! des]ts ( extremes4  ,) him to d
 "r 0 n simply a duty1 x 0 a pleasure4  
,he _h philosophy en\gh to "k t !       
quality ( actions dep5ds ^u _!          
consequ5ces1 & t ^! consequ5ces are !   
rew>ds & puni%m5ts t no ,god c give1    
inflict1 )hold or p>don4  ,he lov$ 8    
c\ntry1 he 0 pr\d ( ! h]oic pa/1        
dissatisfi$ ) ! pres5t1 & confid5t ( !  
future4 ,he /ood on ! rock ( pr9ciple4  
,) him ! wise/ policy 0 to d "r4 ,he    
w\ld n compromise ) wrong4 ,he _h no    
respect = political failures :o became  
re=m]s & decorat$ fraud ) ! pret5ce (   
philan?ropy1 or s\ght to ga9 "s private 
end 9 ! "n ( public good4 ,he despis$   
"t-s]v]s1 trimm]s1 fawn]s & all sorts & 
k9ds ( pret5d]s4  ,he believ$ 9 national
 hone/y2 9 ! pres]vation ( public fai?4 
,he believ$ t ! ,gov]nm5t %\ld dis*>ge e
 obligation--! impli$ z fai?fully z !   
express$4 ,& ,i w\ld be unju/ to 8      
memory if ,i did n say t he believ$ 9   

hone/ money1 9 ! be/ money 9 ! _w1 9    
pure gold1 & t he despis$ ) all 8 he>t  
f9ancial frauds1 & reg>d$ fifty c5ts t  
pret5d$ to be a doll>1 z he w\ld a ?ief 
9 ! uni=m ( a policeman1 or a crim9al 9 
! robe ( a judge4  ,he believ$ 9 lib]ty1
 & lib]ty = all4 ,he piti$ ! slave &    
hat$ ! ma/]2 t is to say1 he 0 an hone/ 
man4 ,9 ! d>k days ( ! ,rebellion he    
/ood = ! "r4 ,he lov$ ,l9coln ) all 8   
he>t--lov$ him = 8 g5ius1 8 c\rage & 8  
goodness4 ,he lov$ ,conkl+--lov$ him = 8
 indep5d5ce1 8 manhood1 = 8 unwav]+     
c\rage1 & because he w\ld n b[ or       
b5d--lov$ him because he accept$ defeat 
) ! pride ( a victor4 ,he lov$ ,grant1 &
 9 ! temple ( 8 he>t1 ov] ! alt>1 9 !   
highe/ ni*e1 /ood ! great soldi]4       
,nature 0 k9d to our fri5d4 ,%e gave him
 ! bless$ gift ( humor4 ,?is fill$ 8    
days ) ! climate ( ,autumn1 s t to him  
ev5 disa/] _h its sunny side4 ,on acc\nt
 ( 8 humor he appreciat$ & enjoy$ !     
great lit]ature ( ! _w4 ,he lov$        
,%akespe>e1 8 cl[ns & h]oes4 ,he        

appreciat$ & enjoy$ ,dick5s4 ,! *>act]s 
( ?is great noveli/ 7 8 acqua9tances4   
,he knew !m all2 "s 7 8 fri5ds & "s he  
de>ly lov$4 ,he _h wit ( ! ke5e/ &      
quicke/4 ,! in/ant ! /eel ( 8 logic     
smote ! fl9t ( absurdity ! sp>k glitt]$4
 ,& yet1 8 wit 0 always k9d4 ,! fl[] w5t
 ) ! ?orn4 ,! t>gets ( 8 wit 7 n made   
enemies1 b admir]s4  ,he 0 social1 &    
aft] ! fea/ ( s]i\s conv]sation he lov$ 
! w9e ( wit--! dess]t ( a good /ory t   
blossom$ into mir?4 ,he enjoy$ games--0 
delight$ by ! relations ( *ance--!      
curi\s comb9ations ( accid5t4 ,he _h !  
g5ius ( fri5d%ip4 ,9 8 nature !re 0 no  
suspicion4 ,he c\ld n be poison$ aga9/ a
 fri5d4 ,! arr[s ( sl&] nev] pi]c$ !    
%ield ( 8 confid5ce4 ,he dem&$          
demon/ration4 ,he def5d$ a fri5d z he   
def5d$ himself4 ,aga9/ all com]s he /ood
 firm1 & he nev] des]t$ ! field until ! 
fri5d _h fl$4 ,i h kn[n _m1 _m fri5ds--h
 clasp$ ! h&s ( _m t ,i lov$1 b 9 !     
j\rney ( my life ,i h nev] grasp$ ! h& (
 a bett]1 tru]1 m unselfi% fri5d ?an he 

:o lies be=e u clo!d 9 ! p]fect peace ( 
dea?4 ,he lov$ me liv+ & ,i love him n[4
  ,9 y\? we front ! sun2 we live 9 light
 )\t a fe>1 )\t a ?\ght ( dusk or night4
 ,we glory 9 excess4 ,!re is no dread ( 
loss :5 all is gr[? & ga94 ,) reckless  
h&s we sp5d & wa/e & *ide ! fly+ h\rs = 
loit]+ by ! way4  ,! future holds !     
fruit ( joy2 ! pres5t keeps u f ! fea/1 
& s1 ) hurry+ feet we climb ! heights & 
upw>d look ) eag] eyes4 ,b :5 ! sun     
beg9s to s9k & %ad[s fall 9 front1 &    
l5g!n on ! pa?1 !n falls ^u ! he>t a    
s5se ( loss1 & !n we ho>d ! %r$s &      
crumbs & va9ly long = :at 0 ca/ away4 ,&
 !n ) mis] c>e we save & spread ?9 h&s  
be=e ,decemb]'s half-f$ flick]+ flames1 
:ile ?r\gh ! glass ( "t we moan+ wat* ! 
few rema9+ gra9s ( s& t ha/5 to _! end4 
,9 ! ga!r+ gloom ! fires sl[ly die1 :ile
 memory dreams ( y\?1 & hope sometimes  
mi/akes ! gl[ ( a%es = ! com+ ( ano!r   
morn4  ,b our fri5d 0 an exception4 ,he 
liv$ 9 ! pres5t2 he enjoy$ ! sun%9e (   
to-day4 ,al?\gh 8 feet _h t\*$ ! limit (

 f\r-score1 he _h n rea*$ ! "t to /op1  
to turn & ?9k3 ab\t ! travel$ road4 ,he 
0 /ill full ( life & hope1 & _h ! int]e/
 ( y\? 9 all ! affairs ( m54  ,he _h no 
fe> ( ! future--no dread4 ,he 0 ready = 
! end4 ,i h (t5 he>d him repeat ! words 
( ,epicurus3 ,:y %\ld ,i fe> dea?8 ,if  
,i am1 dea? is n4 ,if dea? is1 ,i am n4 
,:y %\ld ,i fe> t :i* _c exi/ :5 ,i d8  
,if !re is1 beyond ! veil1 beyond !     
night call$ dea?1 ano!r _w to :i* m5    
c>ry all ! failures & ! triumphs ( ?is  
life2 if above & ov] all !re be a ,god  
:o loves ! "r1 an hone/ man has naught  
to fe>4 ,if !re be ano!r _w 9 :i*       
s9c]ity is a virtue1 9 :i* fidelity is  
lov$ & c\rage honor$1 !n all is well ) !
 de> fri5d :om we h lo/4  ,b if ! grave 
ends all2 if all t 0 our fri5d is dead1 
! _w is bett] = ! life he liv$4 ,beyond 
! tomb we _c see4 ,we li/51 b f ! lips (
 my/]y !re comes no ^w4 ,d>kness &      
sil5ce brood+ ov] all4 ,& yet1 because  
we love we hope4 ,f>ewell6 ,& yet aga91 
,f>ewell6  ,& w !re1 sometime1 be ano!r 

_w8 ,we h our dream4 ,! idea (          
immortality1 t l a sea has ebb$ & fl[$ 9
 ! human he>t1 beat+ ) its c\ntless     
waves aga9/ ! s&s & rocks ( "t & fate1 0
 n born ( any book or ( any cre$4 ,x 0  
born ( affection4 ,& x w cont9ue to ebb 
& fl[ b5ea? ! mi/s & cl\ds ( d\bt &     
d>kness1 z long z love kisses ! lips (  
dea?4 ,we h our dream6     ,,jesus      
,,*ri/4       99 ,an unf9i%$ lecture :i*
 ,colonel ,+]soll comm5c$ a      few    
days be=e 8 dea?4   ,,= _m c5turies & by
 _m millions ( p1 ,*ri/ has be5 wor%ip$ 
z ,god4 ,millions & millions ( eulogies 
on 8 "* h be5 pron\nc$ by prie/ &       
layman1 9 all ( :i* 8 praises 7 measur$ 
only by ! limitations ( language--words 
7 reg>d$ z insuffici5t to pa9t 8        
p]fections4  ,9 8 praise x 0 impossible 
to be extravagant4 ,sculptor1 poet &    
pa9t] exhau/$ _! g5ius 9 ! portrayal ( !
 peasant1 :o 0 9 fact ! creator ( all   
worlds4  ,8 wisdom excit$ ! wond]1 8    
suff]+s ! pity & 8 resurrection &       
asc5sion ! a/oni%m5t ( ! _w4  ,he 0     

reg>d$ z p]fect man & inf9ite ,god4 ,x 0
 believ$ t 9 ! gospels 0 f\nd ! p]fect  
hi/ory ( 8 life1 8 words & works1 8     
dea?1 8 triumph ov] ! grave & 8 return  
to heav54 ,= _m c5turies 8 p]fection1 8 
div9ity--h be5 def5d$ by sword & fire4  
,by ! alt> 0 ! scaffold--9 ! ca!dral1 ! 
dungeon--! *amb] ( torture4  ,! /ory (  
,*ri/ 0 told by mo!rs to _! babes4 ,= ! 
mo/ "p 8 /ory 0 ! beg9n+ & end (        
education4 ,x 0 wick$ to d\bt--infam\s  
to d5y4  ,heav5 0 ! rew>d = belief &    
hell ! de/9ation ( ! d5i]4  ,all ! =ces 
( :at we call society1 7 direct$ aga9/  
inve/igation4 ,e av5ue to ! m9d 0 clos$4
 ,on all ! highways ( ?\ght1 ,*ri/ians  
plac$ po/s & bo>ds1 & on ! bo>ds 7 !    
words ,no ,?or\ghf>e1 ,no ,cross+4 ,!   
w9d[s ( ! s\l 7 d>k5$--! doors 7 b>r$4  
,light 0 reg>d$ z ! enemy ( mank9d4     
,dur+ ^! ,*ri/ian ye>s fai? 0 rew>d$ )  
position1 weal? & p[]4 ,fai? 0 ! pa? to 
fame & honor4 ,! man :o inve/igat$ 0 !  
enemy1 ! assass9 ( s\ls4 ,! cre$ 0      
b>ricad$ on e side1 above x 7 ! glories 

( heav5--bel[ 7 ! agonies ( hell4 ,!    
soldi]s ( ! cross 7 /rang]s to pity4    
,only traitors to ,god 7 %ock$ by !     
murd] ( an unbeliev]4 ,! true ,*ri/ian 0
 a savage4 ,8 virtues 7 f]oci\s1 &      
comp>$ ) 8 vices 7 b5efic5t4 ,! drunk>d 
0 a bett] citiz5 ?an ! sa9t4 ,! lib]t9e 
& pro/itute 7 f> ne>] human1 ne>] moral1
 ?an ^? :o pleas$ ,god by p]secut+ _!   
fell[s4  ,! man :o ?\ght1 & express$ 8  
?\ghts1 di$ 9 a dungeon--on ! scaffold  
or 9 flames4  ,! s9c]e ,*ri/ian 0       
insane4 ,8 "o object 0 to save 8 s\l4   
,he despis$ all ! pleasures ( s5se4 ,he 
believ$ t 8 nature 0 deprav$ & t 8      
desires 7 wick$4  ,he fa/$ &            
pray$--des]t$ 8 wife & *ildr5--inflict$ 
tortures on himself & s\ght by pa9      
endur$ to ga9 ! cr[n4 99 99 99          
,,life4       99 ,writt5 = ,mr4 ,h>rison
 ,grey ,fiske1 editor ( ,! ,new         
,york ,dramatic ,mirror1 ,decemb]       
#ah1ahhf4   ,,born ( love & hope1 (     
ec/asy & pa91 ( agony & fe>1 ( te>s &   
joy--d[]$ ) ! weal? ( two unit$         

he>ts--held 9 happy arms1 ) lips ^u     
life's drift$ font1 blue-ve9$ & fair1   
:]e p]fect peace f9ds p]fect =m--rock$  
by will+ feet & woo$ to %ad[y %ores (   
sleep by sir5 "m s++ s(t & l[--look+ )  
wond]'s wide & />tl$ eyes at common ?+s 
( life & day--taught by want & wi% &    
contact ) ! ?+s t t\* ! dimpl$ fle% (   
babes--lur$ by light & flame1 & *>m$ by 
color's wondr\s robes--le>n+ ! use ( h&s
 & feet1 & by ! love ( mimicry beguil$  
to utt] spee*--releas+ prison$ ?\ghts f 
crabb$ & curi\s m>ks on soil$ & tatt]$  
leaves--puzzl+ ! bra9 ) crook$ numb]s & 
_! *ang+1 tangl$ wor?--& s ?r\gh ye>s ( 
alt]nat+ day & night1 until ! captive   
gr[s famili> ) ! *a9s & walls &         
limitations ( a life4  ,& "t runs on 9  
sun & %ade1 until ! "o ( all ! _w is    
woo$ & won1 & all ! lore ( love is      
taught & le>n$ aga94 ,aga9 a home is    
built ) ! fair *amb] :]e9 fa9t dreams1 l
 cool & %ad[y vales1 divide ! bill[$    
h\rs ( love4 ,aga9 ! miracle ( a bir?--!
 pa9 & joy1 ! kiss ( welcome & !        

cradle-song dr[n+ ! dr[sy prattle ( a   
babe4  ,& !n ! s5se ( obligation & (    
wrong--pity = ^? :o toil & weep--te>s = 
! imprison$ & despis$--love = ! g5]\s   
dead1 & 9 ! he>t ! rapture ( a high     
resolve4  ,& !n ambition1 ) its lu/ (   
pelf & place & p[]1 long+ to put ^u its 
brea/ di/9ction's wor?less badge4 ,!n   
ke5] ?\ghts ( m51 & eyes t see beh9d !  
smil+ mask ( craft--flatt]$ no m by !   
obsequi\s cr+e ( ga9 & gre$--kn[+ !     
uselessness ( ho>d$ gold--( honor b\ght 
f ^? :o *>ge ! usury ( self-respect--(  
p[] t only b5ds a c[>d's knees & =ces f 
! lips ( fe> ! lies ( praise4 ,kn[+ at  
la/ ! un/udi$ ge/ure ( e/eem1 ! rev]5t  
eyes made ri* ) hone/ ?\ght1 & hold+    
high above all o!r ?+s--high z hope's   
great ?robb+ /> above ! d>kness ( !     
dead--! love ( wife & *ild & fri5d4  ,!n
 locks ( gray1 & gr[+ love ( o!r days & 
half-rememb]$ ?+s--!n hold+ )]$ h&s ( ^?
 :o fir/ held 81 :ile ov] dim & lov+    
eyes dea? s(tly presses d[n ! lids (    
re/4  ,& s1 lock+ 9 m>riage v[s 8       

*ildr5's h&s & cross+ o!rs on ! brea/s (
 peace1 ) daught]s' babes ^u 8 knees1 ! 
:ite hair m+l+ ) ! gold1 he j\rneys on f
 day to day to t horizon :]e ! dusk is  
wait+ = ! night4--,at la/1 sitt+ by !   
holy he>? ( home z ev5+'s emb]s *ange f 
r$ to gray1 he falls asleep )9 ! arms ( 
h] he wor%ip$ & ador$1 feel+ ^u 8 pallid
 lips love's la/ & holie/ kiss4         
9999999999  ,fac-simile ( ! ,la/ ,lett] 
writt5 by ,+]soll   ,urn ,conta9+ !     
,a%es ( ,+]soll