,,inv5tors ,,m5 ,,( ,,a*ievem5t ,,s]ies ,,travell]s ,,& ,,explor]s4 ,by ,g5]al ,a4,w4 ,,greely1 ,u4,s4,a4 ,,/atesm54 ,by ,,noah ,,brooks4 ,,m5 ,,( ,,bus9ess4 ,by ,w4,o4 ,,/odd>d4 ,,inv5tors4 ,by ,p4,g4 ,,hub]t1 ,jr4 ,illu/ration3 ,,b5jam9 ,,frankl94 ,,m5 ,,( ,,a*ievem5t ,,inv5tors ,,by ,,philip ,g4 ,,hub]t1 ,,jr4 ,,new ,,york ,,*>les ,,scribn]',s ,,sons #ahif ,,copyright1 #ahic1 ,,by ,,*>les ,,scribn]',s ,,sons ,press ( ,j4,j4 ,little ,co4 ,a/or ,place1 ,new ,york ,,preface ,?is book1 deal+ ) our great inv5tors1 _! orig9s1 hopes1 aims1 pr9ciples1 disappo9tm5ts1 trials1 & triumphs1 _! daily life & p]sonal "*1 pres5ts j en\gh conc]n+ _! inv5tions to make ! /ory intelligible4 ,! hi/ory is (t5 a pa9ful "o4 ,:5 poor ,goodye>1 ! inv5tor ( vulcaniz$ rubb]1 0 "o day ask$ :at he want$ to make ( 8 boys1 he is said to h repli$3 ,make !m any?+ b inv5tors2 mank9d has no?+ b cuffs & kicks = ^? :o try to d x a s]vice4 ,mean:ile1 ! value ( ! "w done by great inv5tors is widely ackn[l$g$4 ,9 a rem>kable sket* ( ! hi/ory ( civilization1 ,pr(essor ,huxley rem>k$1 9 #ahhg1 t ! wond]ful increase ( indu/rial production by ! application ( ma*9]y1 ! improvem5t ( old te*nical processes & ! inv5tion ( new ones1 con/itutes ! mo/ sali5t feature ( ! _w's progress dur+ ! la/ fifty ye>s4 ,if ?is 0 true a few ye>s ago1 its tru? is /ill m app>5t to-day4 ,x is safe to say t )9 fifty ye>s p[]1 light1 & heat w co/ half1 p]haps "o-t5?1 ( :at !y d n[2 & ?is virtually means t 9 #aidc mank9d w be able to buy dec5t food1 %elt]1 & clo?+ = half or "o-t5? ( ! labor n[ requir$4 ,/eam is said to h r$uc$ ! work+ h\rs ( man 9 ! civiliz$ _w f f\rte5 to t5 a day4 ,electricity w m>k ! next giant /ep 9 advance4 ,) ! _m & sup]b tools n[ at our s]vice1 ( :i* our fa!rs knew comp>atively no?+--/eam1 electricity1 ! telegraph1 telephone1 phonograph1 & ! cam]a--we & our desc5dants ought to accompli% ev5 great] wond]s ?an ^!4 ,z inv5tion ?us rises 9 ! scale ( importance to humanity1 ! hi/ory ( ! pione]s &1 to ! %ame ( mank9d be x said1 ! m>tyrs ( ! art1 becomes ( int5se int]e/4 ,9 ! annals ( h]o-wor%ip ! inv5tor ( ! p]fect+ press ought to /& be=e ! great g5]al1 & ,elias ,h[e %\ld rank be=e ,napoleon4 ,:itney1 ,h[e1 ,morse1 & ,goodye>1 to m5tion b a few ( our ,am]icans1 contribut$ ?\s&s ( millions ( doll>s to ! nation's weal? & receiv$ comp>atively no?+ 9 return4 ,_! hi/ory sugge/s z p]t95t ! inquiry :e!r our pat5t laws d n ne$ a radical *ange4 ,! burd5 & co/ ( prov+ t an inv5tion des]ves no protection ought to fall ^u :oev] infr+es a pat5t grant$ by ! ,gov]nm5t4 ,at pres5t x is all ! o!r way4 ,p4,g4,h41 ,,jr4 ,,new ,,york1 ,septemb]1 #ahic4 ,,cont5ts ,,page ,i4 ,,b5jam9 ,,frankl91 #i ,,ii4 ,,rob]t ,,fulton1 #de ,,iii4 ,,eli ,,:itney1 #fi ,,iv4 ,,elias ,,h[e1 #ii ,v4 ,,samuel ,f4,b4 ,,morse1 #aaa ,,vi4 ,,*>les ,,goodye>1 #aee ,,vii4 ,,john ,,ericsson1 #agh ,,viii4 ,,cyrus ,,hall ,,mccormick1 #bjg ,,ix4 ,,?omas ,a4 ,,edison1 #bbc ,x4 ,,alex&] ,,graham ,,bell1 #bfd ,,xi4 ,,am]ican ,,inv5tors1 ,,pa/ ,,& ,,pres5t1 #bgj ,james ,m4 ,t[ns5d1 ,e4,l4 ,drake1 ,alvan ,cl>k1 ,john ,fit*1 ,oliv] ,evans1 ,amos ,:ittemore1 ,?omas ,blan*>d1 ,ri*>d ,m4 ,hoe1 ,?omas ,w4 ,h>vey1 ,c4,l4 ,%oles1 ,b4,b4 ,hot*kiss1 ,*>les ,f4 ,bru%1 ,rudolph ,eickemey]1 ,george ,we/+h\se1 ,jr4 ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations ,,full-,,page ,,fac+ ,,b5jam9 ,,frankl91 7,frontispiece47 ,,page ,,dep>ture ,,( ,,! ,,cl]mont ,,on ,,h] ,,fir/ ,,voyage1 #fj ,,*>les ,,goodye>1 #aee ,,john ,,ericsson1 #agh ,,cyrus ,,hall ,,mccormick1 #bjg ,,?omas ,a4 ,,edison1 #bbc ,,edison ,,9 ,,8 ,,laboratory1 #bdg ,,pr(essor ,,bell ,,s5d+ ,,! ,,fir/ ,,telephone ,,message ,,f ,,new #bfd ,,york ,,to ,,*icago1 ,,illu/rations ,,9 ,,! ,,text ,,page ,,! ,,frankl9 ,,/ove1 #aj ,,frankl9',s ,,bir?place1 ,,bo/on1 #ad ,,frankl9 ,,ent]+ ,,philadelphia1 #ag ,,! ,,frankl9 ,,p5ny1 #bg ,,frankl9',s ,,grave1 #dc ,,rob]t ,,fulton1 #df ,,bir?place ,,( ,,rob]t ,,fulton1 #dh ,,fulton ,,bl[+ ,,up ,a ,,dani% ,,brig1 #ec ,,john ,,fit*',s ,,/eamboat ,,at ,,philadelphia1 #ef ,,fulton',s ,,fir/ ,,exp]im5t ,,) ,,paddle-,,:eels1 #eg ,,! ,,demologos1 ,,or ,,fulton ,,! ,,fir/1 #fe ,,! ,,cl]mont1 #fh ,,eli ,,:itney1 #gj ,,:itney ,,wat*+ ,,! ,,cotton-,,g91 #ge ,,! ,,cotton-,,g91 #gh ,,elias ,,h[e1 #ajj ,,bir?place ,,( ,s4,f4,b4 ,,morse1 ,,built #agge1 #aaa ,s4,f4,b4 ,,morse1 #aac ,,"u ,,side ,,( ,a ,,mod]n ,,swit*bo>d1 ,,%[+ #b1jjj ,,wires1 #aba ,,! ,,fir/ ,,telegraph ,,in/rum5t1 ,,z ,,exhibit$ ,,9 #ahcg ,,by #abe ,,morse1 ,,! ,,mod]n ,,morse ,,telegraph1 #abg ,,morse ,,mak+ ,,8 ,,own ,,in/rum5t1 #abi ,,tra9 ,,telegraph--,,! ,,message ,,transmitt$ ,,by ,,induction ,,f #aca ,,! ,,mov+ ,,tra9 ,,to ,,! ,,s+le ,,wire1 ,,int]ior ,,( ,a ,,c> ,,on ,,! ,,lehigh ,,valley ,,railroad1 ,,%[+ #acb ,,! ,,me?od ,,( ,,op]at+ ,,! ,,tra9 ,,telegraph1 ,,diagram ,,%[+ ,,! ,,me?od ,,( ,,telegraph+ ,,f ,a ,,mov+ #acd ,,tra9 ,,by ,,induction1 ,,morse ,,9 ,,8 ,,/udy1 #aci ,,! ,,siphon ,,record] ,,= ,,receiv+ ,,cable ,,messages--,,(fice ,,( #adf ,,! ,,comm]cial ,,cable ,,company1 #a ,,broad ,,/reet1 ,,new ,,york1 ,,no4 #e ,,we/ ,,tw5ty-,,second ,,/reet1 ,,new ,,york1 ,,:]e ,,morse #aea ,,liv$ ,,= ,,_m ,,ye>s ,,& ,,di$1 ,,cal5d]s ,,heat$ ,,int]nally ,,by ,,/eam1 ,,= ,,spread+ ,,india #afd ,,rubb] ,,into ,,%eets ,,or ,,^u ,,clo?1 ,,call$ ,,! ,,*affee ,,ma*9e1 ,,*>les ,,goodye>',s ,,exhibition ,,( ,,h>d ,,india-,,rubb] ,,goods ,,at #afi ,,! ,,cry/al ,,palace1 ,,syd5ham1 ,,engl&1 ,,c\ncil ,,m$al ,,( ,,! ,,exhibition1 #ahea1 #agc ,,gr&e ,,m$aille ,d',,honneur1 ,,exposition ,,univ]selle ,,de #ahee1 #agf ,,john ,,ericsson',s ,,bir?place ,,& ,,monum5t1 #ahj ,,! ,,novelty ,,locomotive1 ,,built ,,by ,,ericsson ,,to ,,compete ,,) #ahd ,,/eph5son',s ,,rocket1 #ahbi1 ,,ericsson ,,on ,,8 ,,arrival ,,9 ,,engl&1 ,,ag$ ,,tw5ty-,,?ree1 #ahf ,,mrs4 ,,john ,,ericsson1 ,n,e ,,amelia ,,byam1 #ahg ,,ext]ior ,,view ,,( ,,ericsson',s ,,h\se1 ,,no4 #cf ,,bea* ,,/reet1 ,,new #ahi ,,york1 #ahij1 ,,sol>-,,eng9e ,,adapt$ ,,to ,,! ,,use ,,( ,,hot ,,air1 #aia ,,sectional ,,view ,,( ,,monitor ,,?r\gh ,,turret ,,& ,,pilot-,,h\se1 #aih ,,! ,,orig9al ,,monitor1 #aii ,,fac-,,simile ,,( ,a ,,p5cil ,,sket* ,,by ,,ericsson ,,giv+ ,a #bja ,,transv]se ,,section ,,( ,,8 ,,orig9al ,,monitor ,,plan1 ,,) ,a ,,longitud9al ,,section ,,drawn ,,ov] ,,x1 ,,int]ior ,,( ,,! ,,de/roy]1 ,,look+ ,,t[>d ,,! ,,b[1 #bjb ,,developm5t ,,( ,,! ,,monitor ,,idea1 #bjd ,,! ,,room ,,9 ,,:i* ,,ericsson ,,work$ ,,= ,,m ,,?an ,,tw5ty #bjf ,,ye>s1 ,,f>m ,,:]e ,,cyrus ,h4 ,,mccormick ,,0 ,,born ,,& ,,rais$1 #bji ,,ext]ior ,,( ,,! ,,blacksmi? ,,%op ,,:]e ,,! ,,fir/ ,,reap] ,,0 #bab ,,built1 ,,int]ior ,,( ,,! ,,blacksmi? ,,%op ,,:]e ,,! ,,fir/ ,,reap] ,,0 #bae ,,built1 ,,! ,,fir/ ,,reap]1 #bag ,,edison',s ,,pap] ,,c>bon ,,lamp1 #bbd ,,edison ,,li/5+ ,,to ,,8 ,,phonograph1 #bbg ,,f ,,edison',s ,,newspap]1 ,,! ,,gr& ,,trunk ,,h]ald1 #bcj ,,edison',s ,,t9foil ,,phonograph--,,! ,,fir/ ,,practical ,,ma*9e1 #bcg ,,vote ,,record]--,,edison',s ,,fir/ ,,pat5t$ ,,inv5tion1 #bdc ,,edison',s ,,m5lo ,,p>k ,,electric ,,locomotive 7#ahhj71 #bej ,,! ,,home ,,( ,,?omas ,a4 ,,edison1 #beg ,,edison',s ,,laboratory1 #beh ,,libr>y ,,at ,,edison',s ,,laboratory1 #bfb ,,alvan ,,cl>k1 #bgf ,c4,l4 ,,%oles1 #bhf ,b4,b4 ,,hot*kiss1 #bhh ,,*>les ,f4 ,,bru%1 #bij ,,rudolph ,,eickemey]1 #bid ,,george ,,we/+h\se1 ,,jr41 #bif ,,inv5tors ,i4 ,,b5jam9 ,,frankl94 ,b5jam9 ,frankl9's activity & res\rce 9 ! field ( inv5tion really p>took ( ! intellectual bread? ( ! man ( :om ,turgot wrote3 ,eripuit coelo fulm51 sceptrumque tyrannis4 ,he snat*$ ! ?und]bolt f heav51 ,& ! sceptre f ! h&s ( tyrants4 ,& ( :i* bit ( v]se ,frankl9 once dryly rem>k$1 t z to ! ?und]1 he left x :]e he f\nd x1 & t m ?an a million ( 8 c\ntrym5 co-op]at$ ) him 9 snat*+ ! sceptre4 ,^? p]sons :o knew ,frankl91 ! inv5tor1 only z ! g5ius to :om we owe ! lightn+-rod1 w be amaz$ at ! range ( 8 activity4 ,= half a c5tury 8 m9d seems to h be5 on ! al]t conc]n+ ! :y & :]e=e ( e ph5om5on = :i* ! explanation 0 n app>5t4 ,no?+ 9 nature fail$ to int]e/ him4 ,_h he liv$ 9 an era ( pat5ts he might h rivall$ ,edison 9 ! numb] ( 8 pat5table devices1 & _h he *os5 to make money f su* devices1 8 ga9s w\ld c]ta9ly h be5 fabul\s4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ,frankl9 nev] appli$ = a pat5t1 ?\gh frequ5tly urg$ to d s1 & he made no money by 8 inv5tions4 ,"o ( ! mo/ popul> ( ^!1 ! ,frankl9 /ove1 :i* device1 aft] a half-c5tury ( disuse1 is n[ aga9 popul>1 he made a pres5t to 8 e>ly fri5d1 ,rob]t ,grace1 an iron f\nd]1 :o made a bus9ess ( x4 ,! ,gov]nor ( ,p5nsylvania (f]$ to give ,frankl9 a monopoly ( ! sale ( ^! /oves = a numb] ( ye>s4 ,b ,i decl9$ x1 writes ! inv5tor1 f a pr9ciple :i* has ev] weigh$ ) me on su* occasions1 viz43 ,t z we enjoy great advantages f ! inv5tions ( o!rs1 we %\ld be glad ( an opportunity to s]ve o!rs by any inv5tion ( ours2 & ?is we %\ld d freely & g5]\sly4 ,an ironmong] 9 ,london1 h[ev]1 assum+ a good deal ( my pamphlet 7describ+ ! pr9ciple & work+ ( ! /ove71 & work+ x up into 8 own1 & mak+ "s small *ange 9 ! ma*9e1 :i* r hurt its op]ation1 got a pat5t = x !re1 & made1 z ,i 0 told1 a little =tune by x4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,frankl9 ,/ove4 ,! complete li/ ( inv5tions1 devices1 & improvem5ts ( :i* ,frankl9 0 ! orig9ator1 or a lead+ _s & contributor1 is s long a "o t a doz5 pages w\ld n suffice = x4 ,i give "h a brief summ>y1 z compil$ by ,p>ton 9 8 excell5t ,life ( ,frankl94 ,x is incr$ible1 ,frankl9 once wrote1 ! quantity ( good t may be done 9 a c\ntry by a s+le man :o w make a bus9ess ( x & n suff] himself to be div]t$ f t purpose by diff]5t avocations1 /udies1 or amusem5ts4 ,z a comm5t>y ^u ?is s5tim5t1 "h is a catalogue ( ! a*ievem5ts ( ,b5jam9 ,frankl9 t may fairly come "u ! title ( inv5tions3 ,he e/abli%$ & inspir$ ! ,junto1 ! mo/ useful & pleasant ,am]ican club ( :i* we h k4 ,he f\nd$ ! ,philadelphia ,libr>y1 p>5t ( a ?\s& libr>ies1 & :i* m>k$ ! beg9n+ ( an intellectual movem5t ( endless good to ! :ole c\ntry4 ,he fir/ turn$ to great acc\nt ! eng9e ( adv]tis+1 an indisp5sable elem5t 9 mod]n bus9ess4 ,he publi%$ ,poor ,ri*>d1 a record ( homely wisdom 9 su* %ape t hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( read]s 7 made bett] & /rong] by x4 ,he creat$ ! po/-(fice sy/em ( ,am]ica1 & 0 ! fir/ *ampion ( a re=m$ spell+4 ,he inv5t$ ! ,frankl9 /ove1 :i* economiz$ fuel1 & sugge/$ valuable improvem5ts 9 v5tilation & ! build+ ( *imneys4 ,he robb$ ?und] ( its t]rors & lightn+ ( "s ( its p[] to de/roy4 ,he f\nd$ ! ,am]ican ,philosophical ,society1 ! fir/ organization 9 ,am]ica ( ! fri5ds ( sci5ce4 ,he sugge/$ ! use ( m9]al manures1 introduc$ ! basket will[1 promot$ ! e>ly culture ( silk1 & po9t$ out ! advisability ( :ite clo?+ 9 hot wea!r4 ,he measur$ ! temp]ature ( ! ,gulf ,/ream1 & discov]$ t nor!a/ /orms may beg9 9 ! s\?we/4 ,he po9t$ out ! advantage ( build+ %ips 9 wat]-tight comp>tm5ts1 tak+ ! h9t f ! ,*9ese1 & fir/ urg$ ! use ( oil z a means ( quiet+ dang]\s seas4 ,besides ^! great a*ievem5ts1 accompli%$ l>gely z recreation f 8 life "w z economi/ & /atesman1 ,b5jam9 ,frankl9 help$ ! :ole race ( inv5tors by a rem>k t has be5 ( incalculable value & com=t to !ori/s & dream]s ! _w ov]4 ,:5 someone spoke r contemptu\sly 9 ,frankl9's pres5ce ( ,montgolfi]'s balloon exp]im5ts1 & ask$ ( :at use !y 71 ! great ,am]ican repli$ 9 words n[ hi/oric3 ,( :at use is a new-born babe8 ,?is self-taught ,am]ican1 said ,"l ,jeffrey1 9 ! ,ed9burgh ,review ( ,july1 #ahjf1 is ! mo/ rational1 p]haps1 ( all philosoph]s4 ,he nev] loses sight ( common s5se 9 any ( 8 speculations4 ,no individual1 p]haps1 ev] possess$ a great] und]/&+1 or 0 s seldom ob/ruct$ 9 ! use ( x by indol5ce1 en?usiasm1 or au?ority4 ,dr4 ,frankl9 receiv$ no regul> education2 & he sp5t ! great] "p ( 8 life 9 a society :]e !re 0 no reli% & no enc\ragem5t = lit]ature4 ,on an ord9>y m9d1 ^! circum/ances w\ld h produc$ _! usual effects1 ( repress+ all sorts ( intellectual ambition or activity1 & p]petuat+ a g5]ation ( incuri\s me*anics2 b to an und]/&+ l ,frankl9's1 we _c help consid]+ !m z peculi>ly propiti\s1 & imag9e t we c trace back to !m di/9ctly almo/ all ! peculi>ities ( 8 intellectual "*4 ,! ma9 outl9es ( ,frankl9's life & c>e] are s famili> to ev]yone1 t ,i may z well pass at once to ! /ory ( 8 "w z an inv5tor4 ,we all "k1 or ought to "k1 t ,b5jam91 ! fifte5? *ild ( ,josiah ,frankl91 ! ,bo/on soap-boil]1 0 born 9 t t[n on ! #ag? ( ,janu>y1 #agjf1 & e/abli%$ himself z a pr9t] 9 ,philadelphia 9 #agbh4 ,t he prosp]$ & f\nd$ ! ,gazette a few ye>s lat]1 & became ,po/ma/] ( ,philadelphia 9 #agcg2 t aft] valuable s]vices to ! ,colonies z _! ag5t 9 ,engl&1 he 0 appo9t$ ,unit$ ,/ates ,m9i/] at ! ,c\rt ( ,france ^u ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce2 & t 9 #aghb he _h ! supreme satisfaction ( sign+ at ,p>is ! treaty ( peace ) ,engl& by :i* ! indep5d5ce ( ! ,colonies 0 assur$4 ,t he di$ full ( honors at ,philadelphia 9 ,april1 #agij1 & t ,congress1 z a te/imony ( ! gratitude ( ! ,?irte5 ,/ates & ( _! sorr[ = 8 loss1 appo9t$ a g5]al m\rn+ ?r\gh\t ! ,/ates = a p]iod ( two mon?s4 ,illu/ration3 ,frankl9's ,bir?place1 ,bo/on4 ,! great inv5tion or discov]y :i* entitles ,b5jam9 ,frankl9 to rank at ! head ( ,am]ican inv5tors 01 ( c\rse1 ! id5tification ( lightn+ ) electricity1 & 8 sugge/ion ( metallic conductors s arrang$ z to r5d] ! dis*>ge f ! cl\ds a h>mless "o4 ,9 ord] to appreciate ! orig9ality & value ( ?is discov]y1 x is necess>y to review briefly :at ! _w knew ( ! subject at t day4 ,= a hundr$ ye>s be=e ,frankl9's "t1 electricity _h be5 /udi$ 9 ,europe )\t mu* di/9ct progress result+4 ,a ?\s& exp]im5ts _h be5 p]=m$ & describ$4 ,gunp[d] _h be5 explod$ by ! sp>k f a lady's f+]1 & *ildr5 _h be5 insulat$ by hang+ !m f ! ceil+ by silk cords4 ,a tol]able ma*9e _h be5 devis$ = excit+ electricity1 ?\gh mo/ exp]im5t]s /ill us$ a glass tube4 ,sev]al volumes ( electrical obs]vations & exp]im5ts _h appe>$1 & yet :at _h be5 done 0 little m ?an a repetition on a l>g] scale1 & ) bett] means1 ( ! orig9al exp]im5t ( rubb+ a piece ( amb] on ! sleeve ( ! philosoph]'s coat4 ,exp]im5t]s 9 #agde c\ld produce a m p[]ful sp>k & play a great] v>iety ( tricks ) x ?an ,dr4 ,gilb]t1 ! ,engli% exp]im5t] ( #afjj1 b t 0 ab\t all ! advantage !y _h ov] him4 ,s-call$ exp]ts _h attempt$1 ) m or less satisfaction to !mselves1 to answ] ! "q address$ by ! mad ,le> to poor ,tom3 ,let me talk ) ?is philosoph]4 ,:at is ! cause ( ?und]8 ,pl9y ?\ght he _h expla9$ x :5 he call$ x an e>?quake 9 ! air4 ,dr4 ,li/] ann\nc$ t lightn+ 0 caus$ by ! sudd5 ignition ( imm5se quantities ( f9e float+ sulphur4 ,jona?an ,edw>ds1 9 8 di>y ( #agbb1 records ! popul> impression ( ! day ^u ?is subject3 ,lightn+1 he says1 seem to be an almo/ inf9itely f9e combu/ible matt]1 t floats 9 ! air1 t takes fire by sudd5 & mighty f]m5tation1 t is "s way promot$ by ! cool & moi/ure1 & p]haps attraction ( ! cl\ds4 ,by ?is sudd5 agitation1 ?is f9e float+ matt] is driv5 =? ) a mighty =ce "o way or o!r1 :i*ev] way x is direct$1 by ! circum/ances & temp]ature ( ! circumjac5t air2 = cold & heat1 d5sity & r>ity1 moi/ure & dryness1 h almo/ an inf9itely /rong influ5ce ^u ! f9e p>ticles ( matt]4 ,?is fluid matt] ?us project$1 /ill f]m5t+ to ! same degree1 divides ! air z x goes1 & e mom5t receives a new impulse by ! cont9u$ f]m5tation2 & z its motion receiv$ its direction1 at fir/1 f ! diff]5t temp]ature ( ! air on diff]5t sides1 s its direction is *ang$1 accord+ to ! temp]ature ( ! air x meets )1 :i* r5d]s ! pa? ( ! lightn+ s crook$4 ,ev5 ?is explanation 0 a d>+ bit ( speculation 9 ,jona?an ,edw>ds1 = ?und] & lightn+ 7 !n commonly reg>d$ z ! physical expression ( ,god's wra? aga9/ ! insects ,he _h creat$4 ,illu/ration3 ,frankl9 ,ent]+ ,philadelphia4 ,mr4 ,pet] ,coll9son1 ! ,london ag5t ( ! libr>y t ,frankl9 _h f\nd$ 9 ,philadelphia 9 #agcb1 0 accu/om$ to s5d ov] ) ! annual p>cel ( books any "w or curi\s object t *anc$ to be 9 vogue 9 ,london at ! "t4 ,9 #agdf he s5t "o ( ! new electrical tubes ) a pap] ( directions = us+ x4 ,! tubes !n commonly us$ 7 two feet & a half long1 & z ?ick z a man c\ld conv5i5tly grasp4 ,!y 7 rubb$ ) a piece ( clo? or bucksk91 & held 9 contact ) ! object to be *>g$4 ,frankl9 _h already se5 "o ( ^! tubes 9 ,bo/on1 & _h be5 a/oni%$ by its prop]ties4 ,no soon]1 !re=e1 0 x unpack$ at ! ,libr>y1 ?an he repeat$ ! exp]im5ts he _h se5 9 ,bo/on1 z well z ^? describ$ by ,coll9son4 ,! subject completely fasc9at$ him4 ,he gave himself up to x4 ,procur+ o!r tubes1 he di/ribut$ !m among 8 fri5ds & set !m all rubb+4 ,i nev]1 he writes 9 #agdg1 0 be=e engag$ 9 any /udy t s totally engross$ my att5tion & my "t z ?is has done2 = :at ) mak+ exp]im5ts :5 ,i c be alone1 & repeat+ to my fri5ds & acqua9tances1 :o1 f ! novelty ( ! ?+1 come cont9ually 9 cr[ds to see !m2 ,i h dur+ "s mon?s pa/ _h little leisure = any?+ else4 ,frankl9 claim$ no cr$it = :at he a*iev$ 9 electricity4 ,dur+ ! w9t] ( #agdf-g he & 8 fri5ds exp]im5t$ frequ5tly1 & obs]v$ electrical attraction & repulsion ) c>e4 ,t electricity 0 n creat$1 b only collect$ by friction1 0 "o ( _! fir/ conjectures1 ! correctness ( :i* !y soon demon/rat$ by a numb] ( exp]im5ts4 ,be=e hav+ he>d ( ! ,leyd5 j> coat$ ) t9-foil1 ^! ,philadelphia exp]im5t]s sub/itut$ granulat$ lead = ! wat] employ$ by ,pr(essor ,mas*5broeck4 ,!y fir$ spirits & light$ c&les ) ! electric sp>k4 ,!y p]=m$ r>e tricks ) a spid] made ( burnt cork4 ,philip ,syng m\nt$ "o ( ! tubes ^u a crank & employ$ a cannon-ball z a prime conductor1 ?us obta9+ ! same result )\t mu* t$i\s rubb+ ( ! tube4 ,! summ] ( #agdg 0 devot$ to prep>+ ! prov9ce = def5ce4 ,b dur+ ! foll[+ w9t] ! ,philadelphians resum$ _! exp]im5ts4 ,! wondr\s ,leyd5 j> 0 ! object ( ,frankl9's con/ant obs]vation4 ,8 me?od ( "w is well %[n 9 8 own acc\nt ( an exp]im5t dur+ ?is w9t]4 ,! j> us$ 0 ,mas*5broeck's orig9al device ( a bottle ( wat] ) a wire runn+ ?r\gh ! cork4 ,purpos+1 writes ,frankl91 to analyse ! electrifi$ bottle1 9 ord] to f9d :]e9 its /r5g? lay1 we plac$ x on glass1 & drew out ! cork & wire1 :i* = t purpose _h be5 loosely put 94 ,!n1 tak+ ! bottle 9 "o h&1 & br++ a f+] ( ! o!r ne> its m\?1 a /rong sp>k came f ! wat]1 & ! %ock 0 z viol5t z if ! wire _h rema9$ 9 x1 :i* %[$ t ! =ce did n lie 9 ! wire4 ,!n1 to f9d if x resid$ 9 ! wat]1 be+ cr[d$ into & cond5s$ 9 x1 z conf9$ by ! glass1 :i* _h be5 our =m] op9ion1 we electrifi$ ! bottle aga91 & plac+ x on glass1 drew out ! wire & cork z be=e2 !n1 tak+ up ! bottle1 we decant$ all its wat] into an empty bottle1 :i* likewise /ood on glass2 & tak+ up t o!r bottle1 we expect$1 if ! =ce resid$ 9 ! wat]1 to f9d a %ock f x4 ,b !re 0 none4 ,we judg$ !n t x mu/ ei!r be lo/ 9 decant+ or rema9 9 ! fir/ bottle4 ,! latt] we f\nd to be true2 = t bottle on trial gave ! %ock1 ?\gh fill$ up z x /ood ) fre% unelectrifi$ wat] f a tea-pot4 ,to f9d1 !n1 :e!r glass _h ?is prop]ty m]ely z glass1 or :e!r ! =m contribut$ any?+ to x1 we took a pane ( sa% glass1 & lay+ x on ! h&1 plac$ a plate ( lead on its upp] surface2 !n electrifi$ t plate1 & br++ a f+] to x1 !re 0 a sp>k & %ock4 ,we !n took two plates ( lead ( equal dim5sions1 b less ?an ! glass by two in*es e way1 & electrifi$ ! glass betwe5 !m1 by electrify+ ! upp]mo/ lead2 !n sep>at$ ! glass f ! lead1 9 do+ :i*1 :at little fire might be 9 ! lead 0 tak5 out1 & ! glass be+ t\*$ 9 ! electrifi$ p>ts ) a f+]1 af=d$ only v small prick+ sp>ks1 b a great numb] ( !m might be tak5 f diff]5t places4 ,!n dext]\sly plac+ x aga9 betwe5 ! lead5 plates1 & complet+ a circle betwe5 ! two surfaces1 a viol5t %ock ensu$2 :i* demon/rat$ ! p[] to reside 9 glass z glass1 & t ! non-electrics 9 contact s]v$ only1 l ! armature ( a load/one1 to unite ! =ce ( ! sev]al p>ts1 & br+ !m at once to any po9t desir$2 x be+ ! prop]ty ( a non-electric1 t ! :ole body in/antly receives or gives :at electrical fire is giv5 to1 or tak5 f1 any "o ( its p>ts4 ,^u ?is we made :at we call$ an electrical batt]y1 consi/+ ( elev5 panes ( l>ge sa% glass1 arm$ ) ?9 lead5 plates1 pa/$ on ea* side1 plac$ v]tically1 & support$ at two in*es' di/ance on silk cords1 ) ?ick hooks ( lead5 wire1 "o f ea* side1 /&+ upright1 di/ant f ea* o!r1 & conv5i5t communications ( wire & *a91 f ! giv+ side ( "o pane to ! receiv+ side ( ! o!r2 t s ! :ole might be *>g$ toge!r ) ! same labor z "o s+le pane4 ,9 #agdh ,frankl91 be+ !n =ty-two ye>s old1 & 9 ! enjoym5t ( an ample income f 8 bus9ess z pr9t] & publi%]1 sold out to 8 =eman1 ,david ,hall1 & 0 free to devote himself :olly to 8 belov$ exp]im5ts4 ,he _h built himself a home 9 a retir$ spot on ! outskirts ( ,philadelphia1 & ) an income :i* 9 our days w\ld be equival5t to #ae1jjj or #bj1jjj a ye>1 he 0 consid]$ a fairly ri* man4 ,hav+ ?us settl$ 8 bus9ess affairs 9 a mann] :i* prov$ t he knew p]fectly well :at money 0 wor?1 he took up 8 electrical /udies aga9 & ext5d$ !m f ! ma*9e to ! "p play$ 9 nature by electricity4 ,! pati5ce ) :i* he obs]v$ ! electrical ph5om5a ( ! heav5s1 ! acut5ess display$ by him 9 draw+ plausible inf]5ces f 8 obs]vations1 & ! rapidity ) :i* he arriv$ at all t we n[ "k ( ?und] & lightn+1 /ill excite ! a/oni%m5t ( all :o read ! n>ratives he has left u ( 8 proce$+s4 ,dur+ ! :ole w9t] ( #agdh-di & ! summ] foll[+1 he 0 feel+ 8 way to 8 f9al conclusions on ! subject4 ,e>ly 9 #agdi he drew up a s]ies ( fifty-six obs]vations1 entitl$ ,obs]vations & ,suppositions t[>ds =m+ a new ,hypo!sis = expla9+ ! sev]al ,ph5om5a ( ,?und]gu/s4 ,ne>ly all t he aft]w>d demon/rat$ on ?is subject is anticipat$ 9 ?is truly rem>kable pap]1 :i* 0 soon foll[$ by ! mo/ fam\s ( all 8 electrical writ+s1 t entitl$ ,op9ions & ,conjectures conc]n+ ! ,prop]ties & ,effects ( ! ,electrical ,matt]1 & ! ,means ( pres]v+ ,build+s1 ,%ips1 etc41 f ,lightn+2 aris+ f ,exp]im5ts & ,obs]vations made at ,philadelphia1 #agdi4 ,frankl9 sets =? 9 ?is ma/]ly pap] ! simil>ity ( electricity & lightn+1 & ! prop]ty ( po9ts to draw (f electricity4 ,x is ?is treatise :i* conta9s ! two sugge/ions t gave to ! "n ( ,frankl9 its fir/ celebrity4 ,bo? sugge/ions are conta9$ 9 "o brief passage1 :i* foll[s ! description ( a spl5did exp]im5t1 9 :i* a m9iature lightn+-rod _h conduct$ h>mlessly away ! electricity ( an artificial ?und]-/orm4 ,if ^! ?+s are s1 cont9ues ! philosoph]1 aft] /at+ ! results ( 8 exp]im5t1 may n ! k ( ?is p[] ( po9ts be ( use to mank9d 9 pres]v+ h\ses1 *ur*es1 %ips1 etc41 f ! /roke ( lightn+1 by direct+ u to fix on ! highe/ "p ( ^? edifices upright rods ( iron1 made %>p z a ne$le & gilt to prev5t ru/+1 & f ! foot ( ^? rods1 a wire d[n ! outside ( ! build+ into ! gr\nd1 or d[n r\nd "o ( ! %r\ds ( a %ip1 & d[n h] side till x rea*es ! wat]8 ,w\ld n ^! po9t$ rods probably draw ! electrical fire sil5tly out ( a cl\d be=e x came nigh en\gh to /rike1 & !reby secure u f t mo/ sudd5 & t]rible mis*ief8 ,! second ( ^! immortal sugge/ions 0 "o t imm$iately arre/$ ! att5tion ( ,european electricians :5 ! pap] 0 publi%$4 ,x 0 9 ^! words3 ,to det]m9e ! "q1 :e!r ! cl\ds t conta9 lightn+ are electrifi$ or n1 ,i w\ld propose an exp]im5t to be tri$ :]e x may be done conv5i5tly4 ,on ! top ( "s high t[] or /eeple1 place a k9d ( s5try-box1 big en\gh to conta9 a man & an electric /&4 ,f ! middle ( ! /& let an iron rod rise & pass1 b5d+ out ( ! door1 & !n upright tw5ty or ?irty feet1 po9t$ v %>p at ! end4 ,if ! electrical /& be kept clean & dry1 a man /&+ on x1 :5 su* cl\ds are pass+ l[1 might be electrifi$ & af=d sp>ks1 ! rod draw+ fire to him f a cl\d4 ,if any dang] to ! man %\ld be appreh5d$ 7?\gh ,i ?9k !re w\ld be none71 let him /& on ! floor ( 8 box1 & n[ & !n br+ ne> to ! rod ! loop ( a wire t has "o end fa/5$ to ! leads1 he hold+ x by a wax h&le2 s ! sp>ks1 if ! rod is electrifi$1 w /rike f ! rod to ! wire & n affect him4 ,a fri5d once ask$ ,frankl9 h[ he came to hit ^u su* an idea4 ,8 reply 0 to quote an extract f ! m9utes he kept ( ! exp]im5ts he made4 ,?is extract1 dat$ ,novemb] #g1 #agdi1 0 z foll[s3 ,electrical fluid agrees ) lightn+ 9 ^! p>ticul>s3 #a4 ,giv+ light4 #b4 ,color ( ! light4 #c4 ,crook$ direction4 #d4 ,swift motion4 #e4 ,be+ conduct$ by metals4 #f4 ,crack or noise 9 explod+4 #g4 ,subsi/+ 9 wat] or ice4 #h4 ,r5d+ bodies x passes ?r\gh4 #i4 ,de/roy+ animals4 #aj4 ,melt+ metals4 #aa4 ,fir+ inflammable sub/ances4 #ab4 ,sulphur\s smell4 ,! electric fluid is attract$ by po9ts4 ,we d n "k :e!r ?is prop]ty is 9 lightn+4 ,b s9ce !y agree 9 all ! p>ticul>s :]e9 we c already comp>e !m1 is x n probable !y agree likewise 9 ?is8 ,let ! exp]im5t be made4 ,9 ?is discov]y1 !re=e1 !re 0 no?+ ( *ance2 x 0 a legitimate d$uction f pati5tly accumulat$ facts4 ,x 0 n until ! spr+ ( #ageb t ,frankl9 ?\ght ( mak+ 8 sugge/$ exp]im5t ) a kite4 ,! c\ntry ar\nd ,philadelphia pres5ts no high hills1 & he 0 n aw>e till lat] t ! ro( ( any dwell+-h\se w\ld h answ]$ z well z ! peak ( ,t5]iffe4 ,!re 7 no /eeples 9 ,philadelphia at t day4 ,! ve/ry ( ,*ri/ ,*ur* talk$ ab\t erect+ a /eeple1 b x 0 n begun until #agec4 ,on ! #ae? ( ,june1 #ageb1 ,frankl9 decid$ to fly t immortal kite4 ,wi%+ to avoid ! ridicule ( a failure1 he took no "o ) him except 8 son1 :o1 by ! way1 0 n ! small boy %[n 9 c\ntless pictures ( ! incid5t1 b a /alw>t "y man ( tw5ty-two4 ,! kite _h be5 made ( a l>ge silk h&k]*ief1 & fitt$ out ) a piece ( %>p5$ iron wire4 ,"p ( ! /r+ 0 ( hemp1 & ! "p to be held 9 ! h& 0 ( silk4 ,at ! end ( ! hemp5 /r+ 0 ti$ a key1 & 9 a conv5i5t %$ 0 a ,leyd5 j> 9 :i* to collect "s ( ! electricity f ! cl\ds4 ,:5 ! fir/ ?und]-lad5 cl\ds rea*$ ! kite1 !re 7 no signs ( electricity f ,frankl9's key1 b j z he _h begun to d\bt ! success ( ! exp]im5t1 he saw ! fibres ( ! hemp5 /r+ beg9 to rise4 ,approa*+ 8 h& to ! key1 he got an electric sp>k1 & 0 !n able to *>ge ! ,leyd5 j> & get a /rong] %ock4 ,!n ! happy philosoph] drew 9 8 wet kite & w5t home to write 8 mode/ acc\nt ( "o ( ! mo/ notable exp]im5ts made by man4 ,frankl9's fame z ! fir/ to sugge/ ! id5tity ( lightn+ & electricity w\ld h be5 safe1 h[ev]1 ev5 )\t ! fam\s kite-fly+ a*ievem5t4 ,a mon? be=e t ,june ?und]/orm 8 sugge/ions _h be5 put into practice 9 ,europe ) complete success4 ,mr4 ,pet] ,coll9son1 to :om ,frankl9 address$ f "t to "t long lett]s ab\t 8 exp]im5ts & conjectures1 _h caus$ !m to be read at ! meet+s ( ! ,royal ,society1 ( :i* he 7,coll9son7 0 a memb]4 ,t le>n$ body1 h[ev]1 did n deem !m wor?y ( publication among its transactions1 & a lett] ( ,frankl9's conta9+ ! sub/ance ( 8 conjectures respect+ lightn+ 0 laugh$ at4 ,! only news t rea*$ ,philadelphia conc]n+ ^! lett]s 0 t ,watson & o!r ,engli% exp]im5t]s did n agree ) ,frankl94 ,x 0 only 9 ,may1 #agea1 t a pamphlet 0 f9ally publi%$ 9 ,london1 entitl$ ,new ,exp]im5ts & ,obs]vations 9 ,electricity1 made at ,philadelphia1 9 ,am]ica4 ,a copy hav+ be5 pres5t$ to ! ,royal ,society1 ,watson 0 reque/$ to make an ab/ract ( its cont5ts1 :i* he did1 giv+ g5]\s praise to ! au?or4 ,be=e ! ye> came to a close ,frankl9 0 fam\s4 ,!re 0 some?+ 9 ! draw+ d[n1 = m]e exp]im5t1 ( ! dread electricity ( heav5 t appeal$ n less p[]fully to ! imag9ation ( ! ignorant ?an to ! und]/&+ ( ! le>n$4 ,& ! m>vel 0 ! great] t ! bold idea %\ld h come f s remote a place z ,philadelphia4 ,by a unanim\s vote ! ,royal ,society elect$ ,frankl9 a memb]1 & ! next ye> be/[$ ^u him ! ,copley m$al4 ,yale ,college & !n ,h>v>d be/[$ ^u him ! honor>y degree ( ,ma/] ( ,arts4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,frankl9 ,p5ny4 ,z might h be5 expect$1 !re 0 no lack ( opposition to ! new doctr9e ( lightn+-rods4 ,e new movem5t ( radical "* is d5\nc$ m or less fi]cely4 ,! la/ ye>s ( ,newton's life 7 p]plex$ by ! *>ge t 8 !ory ( gravitation t5d$ to mat]ialize religion4 ,insur+ h\ses aga9/ fire 0 oppos$ z an int]f]5ce ) ! pr]ogatives ( deity4 ,! e/abli%m5t ( ! ,royal ,society 0 oppos$ ^u ! gr\nd t ! /udy ( natural philosophy1 gr\nd$1 z x 01 ^u exp]im5tal evid5ce1 t5d$ to weak5 ! =ce ( evid5ce n s f\nd$2 & ?is objection 0 deem$ ( suffici5t weight to call = s]i\s answ]4 ,frankl9's d>+ proposal to neutralize ! artill]y ( heav51 ( c\rse c\ld n escape1 & ! impiety ( lightn+-rods 0 widely discuss$1 (t5 ) acrimony4 ,mr4 ,k9n]sley1 "o ( ,frankl9's fri5ds1 :o lectur$ = sev]al ye>s ^u electricity1 :5 adv]tis+ ! outl9e ( 8 subject always ann\nc$ 8 int5tion to %[ t ! erection ( lightn+-rods 0 n *>geable ) presumption nor inconsi/5t ) any ( ! pr9ciples ei!r ( natural or reveal$ religion4 ,qu9cy relates 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ,h>v>d ,college1 t 9 ,novemb]1 #agee1 a %ock ( e>?quake hav+ be5 felt 9 ,new ,engl&1 a ,bo/on cl]gyman prea*$ a s]mon on ! subject1 9 :i* he cont5d$ t ! lightn+-rods1 by accumulat+ ! electricity 9 ! e>?1 _h caus$ ! e>?quake4 ,pr(essor ,w9?rop1 ( ,h>v>d1 ?\ght x wor? :ile to def5d ,frankl94 ,9 #aggj1 ,mr4 ,qu9cy adds1 ano!r ,bo/on cl]gyman oppos$ ! use ( ! rods on ! gr\nd t1 z ! lightn+ 0 "o ( ! means ( puni%+ ! s9s ( mank9d1 & ( w>n+ !m f ! commission ( s91 x 0 impi\s to prev5t its full execution4 ,& to ?is attack also ,pr(essor ,w9?rop repli$4 ,app>5tly ,frankl9 himself ?\ght x wise to conciliate ! opposition ( "s s-call$ religi\s p ( ! day1 = an acc\nt ( ! lightn+-rod :i* appe>s 9 ,poor ,ri*>d's ,almanac = #agec1 writt5 probably by ,frankl91 beg9s z foll[s3 ,x has pleas$ ,god 9 8 ,goodness to ,mank9d1 at l5g? to discov] to !m ! means ( secur+ _! ,habitations & o!r ,build+s f ,mis*ief by ,?und] & ,lightn+4 ,frankl9 bore 8 honors ) ! mo/ rem>kable mode/y4 ,x 0 9 ,june t he flew 8 fir/ kite1 b n until ,octob] t he s5t to ,mr4 ,coll9son an acc\nt ( ! exp]im5t1 & ev5 !n he describ$ ! mann] ( mak+ & fly+ ! kite & omitt$ all ref]5ce to 8 own success ) x4 ,! id5tity ( lightn+ ) electricity hav+ be5 e/abli%$ by ,m4 ,dalib>d1 he deem$ x unnecess>y to =w>d ! acc\nt ( an exp]im5t :i*1 h[ev] brilliant1 he ?\ght sup]flu\s4 ,accord+ly1 we h no n>rative by ,frankl9 ( ! fly+ ( ! kite4 ,we owe our k ( :at occurr$ on t memorable aft]noon to p]sons :o he>d ,frankl9 tell ! /ory4 ,frankl9 prefaces 8 description ( 8 kite ) ^! words3 ,z frequ5t m5tion is made 9 public pap]s f ,europe ( ! success ( ! ,philadelphia exp]im5t = draw+ ! electric fire f cl\ds by means ( po9t$ rods ( iron erect$ on high build+s1 x may be agreeable to ! curi\s to be in=m$ t ! same exp]im5t has succe$$ 9 ,philadelphia1 ?\gh made 9 a diff]5t & m easy mann]1 :i* is z foll[s4 ,& !n we h ! description ( ! kite1 ! lett] end+ )\t ref]5ce to :at he himself _h done ) x4 ,yet he 0 f> f hid+ ! pleasure 8 fame br\ght him4 ,! ,tatl]1 he wrote1 9 #agec1 to a fri5d1 tells u ( a girl :o 0 obs]v$ to gr[ sudd5ly pr\d1 & none c\ld guess ! reason1 till x came to be kn[n t %e _h got on a pair ( new silk g>t]s4 ,le/ y %\ld be puzzl$ to guess ! cause1 :5 y obs]ve any?+ ( ! k9d 9 me1 ,i ?9k ,i w n hide my new g>t]s "u my petticoats1 b take ! fre$om to %[ !m to y 9 a p>agraph ( our fri5d ,coll9son's la/ lett]1 viz4--,b ,i ought to mortify1 & n indulge1 ?is vanity2 ,i w n transcribe ! p>agraph--yet ,i _c =be>4 ,!n he quotes ! p>agraph1 :i* m5tions ! honors done him by ! ,k+ ( ,france & ! ,royal ,society4 ,= tw5ty ye>s ,frankl9 cont9u$ to "w at electricity1 devot+ mo/ ( 8 leisure to 8 belov$ /udy4 ,! great practical value ( ! lightn+-rod1 at "o "t 9 ! e>ly "p ( ?is c5tury some:at exagg]at$1 z a p]fect protection aga9/ h>m by lightn+1 j z electricity 0 at "o "t h]ald$ z a panacea = all bodily ailm5ts1 has ( late ye>s be5 que/ion$1 b ! cons5sus ( sci5tific op9ion /ill attributes mu* m]it to ! device1 & ! ext5t ( ,frankl9's s]vices to sci5ce 9 ! matt] _c be call$ into d\bt4 ,o!rs h claim$ 8 discov]ies4 ,! ,abb ,nolet1 ( ,france1 has be5 cr$it$ z be+ ! fir/ to note ! simil>ity betwe5 electricity & lightn+2 & ,m4 ,romas1 ( ,n]ac1 ,france1 is said to h us$ a kite ) a copp] wire w\nd ar\nd ! /r+1 to attract electricity f cl\ds1 "s "t be=e ,frankl9 made 8 exp]im5t4 ,b po/]ity has ignor$ ^! claimants1 & ,frankl9 _h ! happ9ess ( escap+ bitt] cont5tions ) rivals4 ,9 fact1 !re c\ld h>dly h be5 a qu>rel ) a man :o claim$ no?+1 :o m5tion$ ) honor ev]ybody's a*ievem5ts b 8 own1 & :o record$ 8 mo/ brilliant obs]vations 9 ! plural1 z ?\gh he 7 b "o ( a b& ( inve/igat+ ,philadelphians4 ,pass+ n[1 to ,frankl9's connection ) ! use ( oil to /ill dang]\s waves1 ,i _h occasion rec5tly to note t ,lieut5ant ,w4,h4 ,beehl]1 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,navy1 9 writ+ ^u ! matt]1 quotes ,frankl9's explanation ( :y oil works s b5efic5tly z ! accept$ !ory4 ,frankl9 0 greatly int]e/$1 :5 at sea1 9 /udy+ ! matt]4 ,any ph5om5on t puzzl$ him 0 fit subject = inve/igation4 ,let u see h[ he w5t ab\t ! inquiry4 ,9 #ageg1 he wrote1 be+ at sea 9 a fleet ( n9ety-six sail b\nd aga9/ ,l\isburg1 ,i obs]v$ ! wakes ( two ( ! %ips to be rem>kably smoo?1 :ile all ! o!rs 7 ruffl$ by ! w9d :i* blew fre%4 ,be+ puzzl$ ) ! diff]+ appe>ance1 ,i at la/ po9t$ x out to our capta9 & ask$ him ! mean+ ( x4 ',! cooks1' says he1 'h1 ,i suppose1 be5 j empty+ _! greasy wat] ?r\gh ! scupp]s1 :i* has greas$ ! sides ( ^? %ips a little2' & ?is answ] he gave me ) an air ( "s little contempt1 z to a p]son ignorant ( :at ev]ybody else knew4 ,9 my own m9d ,i at fir/ slight$ 8 solution1 ?\gh ,i 0 n able to ?9k ( ano!r2 b recollect+ :at ,i _h =m]ly read 9 ,pl9y1 ,i resolv$ to make "s exp]im5t ( ! effect ( oil on wat]1 :5 ,i %\ld h opportunity4 ,aft]w>ds1 be+ aga9 at sea 9 #agfb1 ,i fir/ obs]v$ ! wond]ful quietness ( oil on agitat$ wat]1 9 ! sw++ glass lamp ,i made to hang up 9 ! cab91 z describ$ 9 my pr9t$ pap]s4 ,?is ,i 0 cont9ually look+ at & consid]+1 z an appe>ance to me inexplicable4 ,an old sea capta91 !n a pass5g] ) me1 ?\ght little ( x1 suppos+ x an effect ( ! same k9d ) t ( oil put on wat] to smoo? x1 :i* he said 0 a practice ( ! ,b]mudians :5 !y w\ld /rike fi%1 :i* !y c\ld n see if ! surface ( ! wat] 0 ruffl$ by ! w9d4 ,! same g5tleman told me he _h he>d x 0 a practice ) ! fi%]m5 ( ,lisbon1 :5 ab\t to return into ! riv] 7if !y saw be=e !m too great a surf ^u ! b>1 :i* !y appreh5d$ might fill _! boats 9 pass+7 to empty a bottle or two ( oil into ! sea1 :i* w\ld suppress ! break]s1 & all[ !m to pass safely4 ,a confirmation ( ?is ,i h n s9ce _h an opportunity ( obta9+2 b disc\rs+ ( x ) ano!r p]son1 :o _h (t5 be5 9 ! ,m$it]ranean1 ,i 0 in=m$ t ! div]s !re1 :o1 :5 "u wat] 9 _! bus9ess1 ne$ light1 :i* ! curl+ ( ! surface int]rupts by ! refractions ( s _m little waves1 let a small quantity ( oil n[ & !n out ( _! m\?s1 :i* ris+ to ! surface smoo?s x1 & p]mits ! light to come d[n to !m4 ,all ^! in=mations ,i at times resolv$ 9 my m9d1 & wond]$ to f9d no m5tion ( !m 9 our books ( exp]im5tal philosophy4 ,at l5g? be+ at ,clapham :]e !re is1 on ! common1 a l>ge pond1 :i* ,i obs]v$ "o day to be v r\gh ) ! w9d1 ,i fet*$ out a cruet ( oil & dropp$ a little ( x on ! wat]4 ,i saw x spread itself ) surpris+ swiftness ^u ! surface2 b ! effect ( smoo?+ ! waves 0 n produc$2 = ,i _h appli$ x fir/ on ! leew>d side ( ! pond1 :]e ! waves 7 l>ge/1 & ! w9d drove my oil back ^u ! %ore4 ,i !n w5t to ! w9dw>d side1 :]e !y began to =m2 & !re ! oil1 ?\gh n m ?an a teaspoonful1 produc$ an in/ant calm ov] a space sev]al y>ds squ>e1 :i* spread amaz+ly1 & ext5d$ itself gradually1 till x rea*$ ! lee side1 mak+ all t qu>t] ( ! pond1 p]haps half an acre1 z smoo? z a look+ glass4 ,a g5tleman f ,rhode ,isl& told me x _h be5 rem>k$ t ! h>bor ( ,newport 0 ev] smoo? :ile any :al+ vessels 7 9 x2 :i*1 probably arose f h5ce1 t ! blubb]1 :i* !y sometimes br+ loose 9 ! hold1 or ! leakage ( _! b>rels1 might1 af=d "s oil to mix ) t wat]1 :i*1 f "t to "t1 !y pump out to keep _! vessel free1 & t "s oil might spread ov] ! surface ( ! wat] 9 ! h>bor & prev5t ! =m+ ( any waves4 ,?us ,frankl9 collect$ 8 facts1 tak+ !m f> & ne>1 & f anybody & ev]ybody4 ,by d9t ( obs]vation & reflection he f9ally solv$ ! problem1 arriv+ at ! conclusion t ! w9d bl[+ ov] wat] ?us cov]$ ) a film ( oil1 _c easily cat* ^u x1 s z to raise ! fir/ wr9kles1 b slides ov] x1 & leaves x smoo? z x f9ds x4 ,ano!r rem>kable in/ance ( ,frankl9's passion = inve/igation is af=d$ 9 ! foll[+ int]e/+ lett] to ,sir ,john ,pr+le3 ,:5 we 7 travell+ toge!r 9 ,holl&1 y rem>k$ t ! canal boat 9 "o ( ! /ages w5t sl[] ?an usual1 & inquir$ ( ! boatman :at might be ! reason2 :o answ]$ t x _h be5 a dry season1 & ! wat] 9 ! canal 0 l[4 ,on be+ ask$ if x 0 s l[ t ! boat t\*$ ! muddy bottom1 he said no1 n s l[ z t1 b s l[ z to make x h>d] = ! horse to draw ! boat4 ,we nei!r ( u at fir/ c\ld conceive t1 if !re 0 wat] en\gh = ! boat to swim cle> ( ! bottom1 its be+ deep] w\ld make any diff]5ce4 ,b z ! man affirm$ x s]i\sly z a ?+ well kn[n among !m1 & z ! punctuality requir$ 9 _! /ages 0 likely to make su* diff]5ce1 if any !re 71 m readily obs]v$ by !m ?an by o!r wat]m5 :o did n pass s regul>ly & con/antly backw>ds & =w>ds 9 ! same track1 ,i began to appreh5d !re might be some?+ 9 x1 & attempt$ to acc\nt = x f ?is consid]ation1 t ! boat 9 proce$+ along ! canal mu/1 9 e boat's l5g? ( h] c\rse1 move out ( h] way a body ( wat] equal 9 bulk to ! room h] bottom took up 9 ! wat]2 t ! wat] s mov$ mu/ pass on ea* side ( h]1 & "u h] bottom1 to get beh9d h]2 t if ! passage "u h] bottom 0 /rait5$ by ! %all[s1 m ( ! wat] mu/ pass by h] sides1 & ) a swift] motion1 :i* w\ld ret>d h]1 z mov+ ! contr>y way2 or t1 ! wat] becom+ l[] beh9d ! boat ?an be=e1 %e 0 press$ back by ! weight ( its diff]5ce 9 height1 & h] motion ret>d$ by hav+ t weight con/antly to ov]come4 ,b1 z x is (t5 lo/ "t to attempt acc\nt+ = unc]ta9 facts1 ,i det]m9$ to make an exp]im5t ( ?is1 :5 ,i %\ld h conv5i5t "t & opportunity4 ,aft] our return to ,engl&1 z (t5 z ,i happ5$ to be on ! ,?ames1 ,i enquir$ ( our wat]m5 :e!r !y 7 s5sible ( any diff]5ce 9 r[+ ov] %all[ or deep wat]4 ,i f\nd !m all agree+ 9 ! fact t !re 0 a v great diff]5ce1 b !y diff]$ widely 9 express+ ! quantity ( ! diff]5ce2 "s suppos+ x 0 equal to a mile 9 six1 o!rs to a mile 9 ?ree4 ,z ,i did n recollect to h met ) any m5tion ( ?is matt] 9 our philosophical books1 & conceiv+ t1 if ! diff]5ce %\ld be really great1 x might be an object ( consid]ation 9 ! _m projects n[ on foot = digg+ new navigable canals 9 ?is isl&1 ,i lately put my design ( mak+ ! exp]im5t 9 execution1 9 ! foll[+ mann]4 ,i provid$ a tr\gh ( plan$ bo>ds f\rte5 feet long1 six in*es wide1 & six in*es deep 9 ! cle>1 fill$ ) wat] )9 half an in* ( ! edge1 to repres5t a canal1 ,i _h a loose bo>d ( ne>ly ! same l5g? & bread?1 t be+ put into ! wat]1 might be sunk to any dep?1 & fix$ by little w$ges :]e ,i w\ld *oose to h x /ay1 9 ord] to make diff]5t dep?s ( wat]1 leav+ ! surface at ! same height ) reg>d to ! sides ( ! tr\gh4 ,i _h a little boat 9 =m ( a light] or boat ( burd51 six in*es long1 two in*es & a qu>t] wide1 & "o in* & a qu>t] deep4 ,:5 swimm+ x drew "o in* ( wat]4 ,to give motion to ! boat1 ,i fix$ "o end ( a long silk ?read to its b[1 j ev5 ) ! wat]'s edge1 ! o!r end pass$ ov] a well-made brass pulley1 ( ab\t an in* 9 diamet]1 turn+ freely ^u a small axis2 & a %ill+ 0 ! weight4 ,!n plac+ ! boat at "o end ( ! tr\gh1 ! weight w\ld draw x ?r\gh ! wat] to ! o!r4 ,n hav+ a wat* t %[s seconds1 9 ord] to measure ! "t tak5 up by ! boat 9 pass+ f end to end ( ! tr\gh1 ,i c\nt$ z fa/ z ,i c\ld c\nt to t5 repeat$ly1 keep+ an acc\nt ( ! numb] ( t5s on my f+]s4 ,&1 z mu* z possible to correct any little inequalities 9 my c\nt+1 ,i repeat$ ! exp]im5t a numb] ( times at ea* dep? ( wat]1 t ,i might take ! m$ium4 ,! exp]im5t prov$ ! tru? ( ! boatm5's ass]tions4 ,frankl9 f\nd t five horses w\ld be requir$ to draw a boat 9 a canal af=d+ little m ?an en\gh wat] to float x1 :i* f\r horses c\ld draw 9 a canal ( ! prop] dep?4 ,no circum/ance1 rem>ks ,mr4 ,p>ton1 0 too trifl+ to engage him ^u a s]ies ( exp]im5ts4 ,at d9n]1 "o day1 a bottle ( ,madeira 0 op5$ :i* _h be5 bottl$ 9 ,virg9ia _m mon?s be=e4 ,into ! fir/ glass p\r$ f x fell ?ree dr[n$ flies4 ,hav+ he>d x rem>k$ t dr[n$ flies 7 capable ( be+ reviv$ by ! rays ( ! sun1 ,i propos$ mak+ ! exp]im5t ^u ^!2 !y 7 !re=e expos$ to ! sun ^u a sieve :i* _h be5 employ$ to /ra9 !m out ( ! w9e4 ,9 less ?an ?ree h\rs two ( !m began by degrees to recov] life4 ,!y comm5c$ by "s convulsive motions ( ! ?ighs1 & at l5g? !y rais$ !mselves ^u _! legs1 wip$ _! eyes ) _! =efeet1 beat & bru%$ _! w+s ) _! h9d feet1 & soon aft] began to fly1 f9d+ !mselves 9 ,old ,engl& )\t kn[+ h[ !y came ?i!r4 ,! ?ird cont9u$ lifeless till sunset1 :51 los+ all hopes ( him1 he 0 ?r[n away4 ,& ^u ?is he rem>ks3 ,i wi% x 7 possible1 f ?is in/ance1 to inv5t a me?od ( embalm+ dr[n$ p]sons 9 su* a mann] t !y may be recall$ to life at any p]iod1 h[ev] di/ant2 = hav+ a v ard5t desire to see & obs]ve ! /ate ( ,am]ica a hundr$ ye>s h5ce1 ,i %\ld pref] to any ord9>y dea? be+ imm]s$ 9 a cask ( ,madeira w9e1 ) a few fri5ds1 till t "t1 to be !n recall$ to life by ! sol> w>m? ( my de> c\ntry4 ,among ! /udies 9 natural philosophy ( :i* b little is kn[n to ! g5]al public may be m5tion$ ,frankl9's exp]im5ts ) heat at a "t :5 a !rmomet] 0 a sci5tific curiosity4 ,! mann] 9 :i* he prov$ t black clo? 0 n s good a cov]+ = ! body 9 hot wea!r z :ite1 %[s ! simplicity ( 8 me?ods & 8 faculty = mak+ small means subs]ve great ends3 ,i took a numb] ( little squ>e pieces ( broadclo? f a tailor's patt]n-c>d1 ( v>i\s colors4 ,!re 7 black1 deep blue1 light] blue1 gre51 purple1 r$1 yell[1 :ite1 & o!r colors or %ades ( colors4 ,i laid !m all out ^u ! sn[ 9 a bright sun%9y morn+4 ,9 a few h\rs ! black1 be+ w>m$ mo/ by ! sun1 0 s l[ z to be bel[ ! /roke ( ! sun's rays2 ! d>k blue almo/ z l[1 ! light] blue n q s mu* z ! d>k1 ! o!r colors less z !y 7 light]1 & ! q :ite rema9$ on ! surface ( ! sn[1 n hav+ ent]$ x at all4 ,:at signifies philosophy t does n apply to "s use8 ,may we n le>n f h5ce t black clo!s are n s fit to we> 9 a hot1 sunny climate or season z :ite ones8 ,t all summ] hats1 p>ticul>ly = soldi]s1 %\ld be :ite1 & t g>d5 walls int5d$ = fruit %\ld be black1 7 sugge/ions put =? z a result ( ?is exp]im5t4 ,dr4 ,small assigns to ,frankl9 ! cr$it ( hav+ discov]$ t repeat$ respiration imp>ts to air a poison\s quality simil> to t :i* ext+ui%es c&les & de/roys life 9 m9es & wells4 ,! doctor1 he records1 brea!d g5tly ?r\gh a tube into a deep glass mug1 s z to impregnate all ! air 9 ! mug ) ?is quality4 ,he !n put a light$ b\gie 7c&le7 into ! mug1 & ^u t\*+ ! air !re9 ! flame 0 in/antly ext+ui%$2 by frequ5tly repeat+ ?is op]ation1 ! b\gie gradually pres]v$ its light long] 9 ! mug1 s z 9 a %ort "t to reta9 x to ! bottom ( x1 ! air hav+ totally lo/ ! bad quality x _h contract$ f ! brea? bl[n into x4 ,^u be+ consult$ ) reg>d to ! bett] v5tilation ( ! ,h\se ( ,commons1 he advis$ t op5+s %\ld be made ne> ! ceil+1 communicat+ ) flues runn+ p>allel ) ! *imneys & close en\gh to !m to be kept w>m by _! heat4 ,^! flues1 he recomm5d$1 %\ld beg9 9 ! cell>1 :]e ! air 0 cool1 & ! flues be+ w>m$ by ! hot air ( ! *imneys1 w\ld cause an upw>d curr5t ( air /rong en\gh to expel ! vitiat$ air 9 ! upp] "p ( ! h\se4 ,frankl9's lett]s at ?is "t are full ( ! importance ( v5tilation4 ,unque/ionably1 he 0 among ! fir/ :o call$ att5tion to ! folly ( exclud+ fre% air f hospitals & sick-rooms1 p>ticul>ly ^? ( fev] pati5ts4 ,z ,mr4 ,p>ton expresses x1 he cle>$ ! pure air ( heav5 f calumni\s imputation & ?rew op5 ! w9d[s ( mank9d4 ,"s inv5tions ( ,frankl9's h n met ) ! approval ( po/]ity4 ,= in/ance1 he seems to h _h no m success ) a re=m$ spell+ ( 8 own devis+ ?an labor]s 9 ! same field :o came aft] him4 ,he us$ to say t !y alone spelt well :o spelt ill1 s9ce ! s-call$ bad spell] us$ ! lett]s accord+ to _! real value4 ,! illit]ate girl :o wrote ( h] bo 0 m correct1 he ?\ght1 ?an ! "y lady :o w\ld blu% to omit a sup]flu\s v[el4 ,:at 0 ! use ( ! f9al lett] 9 muff1 & :y take ! tr\ble to write t\gh :5 tuf w\ld d z well8 ,_h he liv$ to see ,dr4 ,web/]'s ,diction>y1 ! lexicograph] w\ld h f\nd 9 him an ard5t *ampion4 ,8 re=m$ alphabet & spell+ is an int]e/+ curiosity1 b h>dly m4 ,"s lett]s ( our alphabet he omitt$1 only to add new ones4 ,he also *ang$ _! ord]1 mak+ o ! fir/ lett] & m ! la/4 ,9 ?is connection x may be well to say t ,frankl9 0 p]haps ! fir/ & =emo/ ,am]ican *ampion ( ! movem5t1 n[ s p[]ful1 look+ to ! displacem5t ( ,lat9 & ,greek z ! f\ndations ( education4 ,at ! v close ( 8 life1 9 #aghi1 he issu$ 8 fam\s prote/ aga9/ ! /udy ( dead languages4 ,he is report$ to h said "o ev5+1 :5 talk+ ab\t ?is matt]3 ,:5 ! cu/om ( we>+ broad cuffs ) buttons fir/ began1 !re 0 a reason = x2 ! cuffs might be br\ght d[n ov] ! h&s & ?us gu>d !m f wet & cold4 ,b gloves came into use1 & ! broad cuffs 7 unnecess>y2 yet ! cu/om 0 /ill reta9$4 ,s likewise ) cock$ hats4 ,! wide brim1 :5 let d[n1 af=d$ a protection f ! ra9 & ! sun4 ,umbrellas 7 introduc$1 yet fa%ion prevail$ to keep cock$ hats 9 vogue1 al?\gh !y 7 r cumb]some ?an useful4 ,?us ) ! ,lat9 language4 ,:5 ne>ly all ! books ( ,europe 7 writt5 9 t language1 ! /udy ( x 0 ess5tial 9 e sy/em ( education2 b x is n[ sc>cely ne$$1 except z an accompli%m5t1 s9ce x has ev]y:]e giv5 place1 z a vehicle ( ?\ght & k1 to "s "o ( ! mod]n tongues4 ,) all 8 love ( ! practical1 ,frankl9 0 n defici5t 9 a r delicate wit4 ,i h already _h occasion to quote at ! beg9n+ ( ?is pap] 8 disclaim] ( ! honors conf]r$ ^u him by ,turgot's fam\s ,lat9 l9e4 ,in/ances ( ?is dry humor may be f\nd all ?r\gh ,sp>ks's exhau/ive biography4 ,i rememb] "o 9 p>ticul>4 ,! m]*ants ( ,philadelphia1 be+ at "o "t desir\s to e/abli% an assembly = danc+1 !y drew up "s rules1 among :i* 0 "o t no me*anic or me*anic's wife or daught] %\ld be admitt$ on any t]ms4 ,?is rule be+ submitt$ to ,frankl91 he rem>k$ t x exclud$ ,god ,almighty1 = he 0 ! greate/ me*anic 9 ! univ]se4 ,b5jam9 ,frankl9's s]vices to ! cause ( inv5tion by no means end$ ) 8 own inv5tions4 ,"o ( 8 greate/ s]vices 0 ! "p he took 9 ! f\ndation ( ! ,am]ican ,philosophical ,society1 ^: object 0 to br+ into correspond5ce ) a c5tral association 9 ,philadelphia all sci5ti/s1 philosoph]s1 & inv5tors on ?is cont95t & 9 ,europe4 ,frankl9's %>e 9 ! f\ndation ( ?is society1 :i* has prov$ ( su* va/ use1 seems to h be5 l>gely ov]look$ by 8 biograph]s4 ,mr4 ,p>ton1 hav+ m5tion$ t ,frankl9 f\nd$ ! society 9 accordance ) 8 proposal ( #agdc1 adds3 ,! society 0 =m$ & cont9u$ 9 exi/5ce = "s ye>s4 ,nev]!less1 its success 0 nei!r great nor p]man5t1 = at t day ! circle ( m5 capable ( tak+ mu* int]e/ 9 sci5ce 0 too limit$ = ! prop] support ( su* an organization4 ,! rec5t hi/orian ( ! society1 ,dr4 ,rob]t ,m4 ,patt]son1 agrees1 h[ev]1 ) ,sp>ks 9 trac+ ! orig9 ( ! ,philosophical ,society1 :i* grew into prom95ce ab\t #agfg1 back to ,frankl9's proposal ( #agdc4 ,aft] describ+ ! ,junto1 or ,lea!r ,apron ,society1 =m$ among ,frankl9's acqua9tance1 a sort ( debat+ club ( elev5 "y m51 ,sp>ks says3 ,=ty ye>s aft] its e/abli%m5t x became ! basis ( ! ,am]ican ,philosophical ,society1 ( :i* ,frankl9 0 ! fir/ presid5t1 & ! publi%$ transactions ( :i* h contribut$ to ! advancem5t ( sci5ce & ! diffusion ( valuable k 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,9 8 fir/ proposal ,frankl9 gave a li/ ( ! subjects t 7 to engage ! att5tion ( ^! ,new ,_w philosoph]s4 ,x includ$ inve/igations 9 botany2 9 m$ic9e2 9 m9]alogy & m9+2 9 *emi/ry2 9 me*anics2 9 arts1 trades1 & manufactures2 9 geography & topography2 9 agriculture2 &1 le/ some?+ %\ld h be5 =gott51 he adds t ! association %\ld give its att5tion to all philosophical exp]im5ts t let light into ! nature ( ?+s1 t5d to increase ! p[] ( man ov] matt] & multiply ! conv5i5ces or pleasures ( life4 ,! duties ( ! secret>y ( ! society 7 laid d[n & 7 ardu\s1 includ+ mu* =eign correspond5ce1 9 addition to ! correct+1 ab/ract+1 & me?odiz+ ( su* pap]s z requir$ x4 ,?is (fice ,frankl9 took ^u himself4 ,illu/ration3 ,frankl9's ,grave4 ,:ile he liv$ ! proce$+s ( ! society sc>cely ev] fail$ ( a useful end4 ,unlike s _m orig9al & inv5tive g5iuses1 8 em95t common s5se 0 z m>k$ z 8 orig9ality4 ,9 ! language ( 8 mo/ rec5t biograph]1 ,john ,ba* ,mc,master1 :atev] he has said on dome/ic economy or ?rift is s\nd & /rik+4 ,no o!r writ] has left s _m j & orig9al obs]vations on success 9 life4 ,no o!r writ] has po9t$ out s cle>ly ! way to obta9 ! greate/ am\nt ( com=t out ( life4 ,:at ,solomon did = ! spiritual man1 t did ,frankl9 = ! e>?ly man4 ,! book ( ,prov]bs is a collection ( receipts = lay+ up treasure 9 heav54 ',poor ,ri*>d' is a collection ( receipts = lay+ up treasure on e>?4 ,,ii4 ,,rob]t ,,fulton4 ,illu/ration3 ,rob]t ,fulton4 ,rob]t ,fulton1 ! inv5tor ( ! /eamboat1 or at lea/ ! fir/ man to apply ! p[] ( ! /eam-eng9e to ! propulsion ( boats 9 a practical & effective mann]1 0 born 9 ,little ,brita91 ,lanca/] ,c\nty1 ,pa41 #agfe1 ( respectable b poor p>5ts4 ,8 fa!r 0 a native ( ,kilk5ny1 ,irel&1 & 8 "m came ( a fairly well-to-d ,iri% family1 settl$ 9 ,p5nsylvania4 ,he 0 ! ?ird ( five *ildr54 ,z a *ild he receiv$ ! rudim5ts ( a common education4 ,8 vocation %[$ itself 9 8 e>lie/ ye>s4 ,all 8 h\rs ( recreation 7 pass$ 9 %ops & 9 draw+4 ,at ! "t he 0 sev5te5 he _h become s mu* ( an arti/ z to make money by portrait & l&scape pa9t+ 9 ,philadelphia1 :]e he rema9$ until he 0 tw5ty-"o4 ,aft] ?is he w5t to ,wa%+ton ,c\nty & !re pur*as$ a little f>m on :i* he settl$ 8 "m1 8 fa!r hav+ di$ :5 he 0 ?ree ye>s old4 ,he return$ to ,philadelphia1 b on 8 way visit$ ! ,w>m ,spr+s ( ,p5nsylvania1 :]e he met ) "s g5tlem5 :o 7 s mu* pleas$ ) 8 pa9t+ t !y advis$ him to g to ,engl&1 :]e !y told him he w\ld meet ) ,we/ :o _h !n atta9$ great celebrity4 ,fulton took ?is advice1 & 8 reception by ,we/1 always k9dly t[>d ,am]icans1 0 su* z he _h be5 l$ to expect4 ,! di/+ui%$ pa9t] 0 s well pleas$ ) him t he took him into 8 h\se1 :]e he cont9u$ to live = sev]al ye>s4 ,= "s "t ,fulton made pa9t+ 8 *ief employm5t1 sp5d+ two ye>s 9 ,devon%ire1 ne> ,exet]1 :]e he made _m influ5tial acqua9tances1 among o!rs ! ,duke ( ,bridgewat]1 fam\s = 8 canals1 & ,"l ,/anhope1 a nobleman not$ = 8 love ( sci5ce & 8 atta*m5t to ! me*anic arts4 ,) ,"l ,/anhope1 ,fulton held a correspond5ce = a long "t ^u subjects 9 :i* !y 7 int]e/$4 ,9 #agic1 ,fulton 0 engag$ 9 a project to improve inl& navigation4 ,ev5 at t e>ly day x appe>$ t he _h conceiv$ ! idea ( propell+ vessels by /eam1 & he speaks 9 8 lett]s ( its practicability4 ,9 #agid he obta9$ f ! ,briti% ,gov]nm5t a pat5t = improvem5ts 9 canal locks1 & 8 pursuits at ?is "t appe> to h be5 9 ?is direction4 ,9 8 preface to a description ( 8 ,nautilus1 or plung+ boat1 a species ( subm>9e boat1 he says t he _h resid$ eighte5 mon?s 9 ,birm+ham :]e he acquir$ mu* ( 8 k ( me*anics4 ,9 lat] ye>s1 :5 9 ,p>is1 ,fulton s5t a l>ge collection ( 8 manuscripts to ?is c\ntry4 ,un=tunately1 ! vessel 9 :i* !y 7 s5t 0 wreck$1 &1 :ile ! case 0 recov]$1 only a few fragm5ts ( ! manuscripts c\ld be us$4 ,x is ow+ to ?is mis=tune t we h s few records ( ,fulton's "w at ?is "t4 ,illu/ration3 ,bir?place ( ,rob]t ,fulton4#a ,footnote #a3 ,?is illu/ration & ! f\r foll[+ are f ,knox's ,life ( ,fulton1 reproduc$ by p]mission ( ! publi%]s1 ,g4,p4 ,putnam's ,sons4 ,we "k1 h[ev]1 t 9 #agid he submitt$ to ! ,briti% ,society = ! ,promotion ( ,arts & ,comm]ce an improvem5t ( 8 inv5tion = saw+ m>ble1 = :i* he receiv$ ! ?anks ( ! society & an honor>y m$al4 ,he inv5t$ also1 x is ?\ght1 ab\t ?is "t1 a ma*9e = sp9n+ flax & ano!r = mak+ ropes1 = bo? ( :i* he obta9$ pat5ts f ! ,briti% ,gov]nm5t4 ,a me*anical contrivance = scoop+ out e>? to =m *annels = canals or aqu$ucts1 :i* is said to h be5 mu* us$ 9 ,engl&1 0 also 8 inv5tion4 ,! subject ( canals appe>s to h *iefly engag$ 8 att5tion dur+ ^! ye>s ( ! end ( ! c5tury4 ,he call$ himself a civil eng9e]1 & "u ?is title publi%$ 8 "w on canals1 &1 9 #agie1 _m essays on ! same subject 9 "o ( ! ,london j\rnals4 ,he recomm5d$ small canals & boats ( little burd5 9 a treatise on ,improvem5t ( ,canal ,navigation1 & incl9$ planes in/ead ( locks1 z a means ( transport+ canal boats f "o level to ano!r4 ,8 plans 7 /rongly recomm5d$ by ! ,briti% ,bo>d ( ,agriculture4 ,?r\gh\t 8 c\rse z civil eng9e] 8 tal5t = draw+ 0 ( great advantage to him1 & ! plates annex$ to 8 works are admirable examples ( su* "w4 ,he seems to h neglect$ 8 pa9t+ till a %ort "t be=e 8 dea?1 :5 he took up ! bru% aga9 to pa9t "s portraits ( 8 family4 ,dur+ 8 resid5ce 9 ,engl& he s5t copies ( 8 works to di/+ui%$ m5 9 ?is c\ntry1 sett+ =? ! advantages to be d]iv$ f communication by canals4 ,hav+ obta9$ a pat5t = mill improvem5ts f ! ,briti% ,gov]nm5t1 he w5t to ,france ) ! int5tion ( introduc+ 8 inv5tion !re2 b1 n meet+ ) mu* enc\ragem5t1 he devot$ 8 "t to o!r matt]s4 ,political economy _h also "s attraction = him1 & he wrote a book to %[ t int]nal improvem5ts w\ld h a good effect on ! happ9ess ( a nation4 ,he n only wi%$ to see a free & spe$y communication betwe5 ! diff]5t p>ts ( a l>ge c\ntry1 b univ]sal free trade betwe5 all c\ntries4 ,he ?\ght t x w\ld take ages to e/abli% ! fre$om ( ! seas by ! common cons5t ( nations1 & believ$ 9 de/roy+ %ips ( w>1 s z to put x out ( ! p[] ( any nation to control ocean trade4 ,9 #agig he became acqua9t$ ) ,joel ,b>l[1 ! well-kn[n ,am]ican1 !n resid+ 9 ,p>is1 9 ^: family he liv$ = sev5 ye>s1 dur+ :i* "t he le>n$ ,fr5* & some?+ ( ,g]man1 & /udi$ ma!matics & *emi/ry4 ,9 ! same ye> he made an exp]im5t ) ,mr4 ,b>l[ on ! ,se9e ) a ma*9e he _h con/ruct$ to give packages ( gunp[d] a progressive motion "u wat] & !n to explode at a giv5 po9t4 ,^! exp]im5ts appe> to h be5 ! fir/ 9 ! l9e ( 8 subm>9e boats1 & are unque/ionably ! g]m ( all subsequ5t inv5tions 9 ! direction ( torp$o w>f>e4 ,want ( money to c>ry out 8 designs induc$ him to apply to ! ,fr5* ,directory1 :o at fir/ gave him reason to expect _! aid1 b f9ally reject$ 8 plan4 ,fulton1 h[ev]1 0 n to be disc\rag$1 b w5t on ) 8 inv5tions1 & hav+ made a h&some model ( 8 ma*9e = de/roy+ %ips1 a commission 0 appo9t$ to exam9e 8 plans1 b !y also reject$ !m4 ,he (f]$ 8 idea to ! ,briti% ,gov]nm5t1 /ill aga9 )\t success1 al?\gh a committee 0 appo9t$ to exam9e 8 models4 ,! ,fr5* ,gov]nm5t be+ *ang$1 & ,bonap>te hav+ come to ! head ( x1 ,fulton pres5t$ an address to him4 ,a commission 0 appo9t$1 & "s assi/ance giv5 :i* enabl$ him to put "s ( 8 plans into practice4 ,9 ! spr+ ( #ahja he w5t to ,bre/ to make exp]im5ts ) ! plung+ boat t he _h con/ruct$ 9 ! w9t]4 ,?is1 z he says1 _h _m imp]fections1 to be expect$ 9 a fir/ ma*9e1 & _h be5 injur$ by ru/1 z p>ts :i* %\ld h be5 ( copp] or brass 7 made ( iron4 ,not)/&+ ^! disadvantages1 he engag$ 9 a c\rse ( exp]im5ts :i* requir$ no less c\rage ?an p]sev]ance4 ,f a report ( 8 proce$+s to ! committee appo9t$ by ! ,fr5* ,gov]nm5t we le>n t 9 ,july1 #ahja1 he emb>k$ ) ?ree companions on bo>d ( ?is boat1 9 ! h>bor ( ,bre/1 & desc5d$ to ! dep? ( tw5ty-five feet1 rema9+ bel[ ! surface an h\r1 9 utt] d>kness1 z ! c&les 7 f\nd to consume too mu* ( ! vital air4 ,he plac$ two m5 at ! eng9e1 :i* 0 int5d$ to give h] motion1 & "o at ! helm1 :ile he1 ) a b>omet] be=e him1 kept h] balanc$ betwe5 ! upp] & l[] wat]s4 ,he c\ld turn h] r\nd :ile "u ! wat]1 & f\nd t 9 sev5 m9utes he _h gone ab\t a ?ird ( a mile4 ,dur+ t summ] ,fulton desc5d$ "u wat] ) a /ore ( air compress$ into a copp] globe1 :]eby he 0 enabl$ to rema9 "u wat] f\r h\rs & tw5ty m9utes4 ,! success ( ^! exp]im5ts det]m9$ him to try ! effect ( 8 inv5tion on ! ,engli% w>-%ips1 !n daily ne> ! h>bor ( ,bre/--,france & ,engl& be+ !n at w>4 ,he made 8 own bombs4 ,= exp]im5tal purposes a small vessel 0 an*or$ 9 ! h>bor1 & ) a bomb conta9+ ab\t tw5ty p\nds ( p[d]1 he approa*$ )9 ab\t two hundr$ y>ds1 /ruck ! vessel1 & blew h] into atoms4 ,a column ( wat] & fragm5ts 7 s5t ne>ly "o hundr$ feet into ! air4 ,?is exp]im5t 0 made 9 ! pres5ce ( ! prefect ( ! dep>tm5t & a multitude ( spectators4 ,dur+ ! summ] ( #ahja ,fulton tri$ to use 8 bombs aga9/ "s ( ! ,engli% vessels1 b 0 n successful 9 gett+ )9 range4 ,! ,fr5* ,gov]nm5t refus$ to give him fur!r enc\ragem5t4 ,! ,engli% _h "s in=mation conc]n+ ! attempts t _! enemies 7 mak+1 & ! anxiety express$ induc$ ! ,briti% ,m9i/] to communicate ) ,fulton & try to secure to ,engl& 8 s]vices4 ,9 ?is he 0 successful1 & ,fulton w5t to ,london1 :]e he arriv$ 9 #ahjd1 & met ,pitt & ,"l ,melville4 ,:5 ,mr4 ,pitt fir/ saw a draw+ ( a torp$o ) a sket* ( ! mode ( apply+ x1 & und]/ood :at w\ld be ! effect ( ! explosion1 he said t if x 7 introduc$ into practice x c\ld n fail to annihilate all navies4 ,illu/ration3 ,fulton ,bl[+ ,up a ,dani% ,brig4 ,b f ! subsequ5t conduct ( ! ,briti% m9i/ry x is suppos$ t !y nev] really int5d$ to give ,fulton a fair opportunity to try ! effect ( 8 subm>9e eng9es4 ,_! object may h be5 to prev5t ^! devices gett+ into ! h&s ( an enemy4 ,sev]al exp]im5ts 7 made1 & "s ( !m 7 failures1 b on ,octob] #ae1 #ahje1 he blew up a /rong-built ,dani% brig ( two hundr$ tons burd51 :i* _h be5 provid$ = ! exp]im5t & :i* 0 an*or$ ne> ! resid5ce ( ,pitt4 ,! torp$o us$ on ?is occasion conta9$ "o hundr$ & sev5ty p\nds ( p[d]4 ,9 fifte5 m9utes f ! "t ( />t+ ! ma*9]y ! explosion took place4 ,x lift$ ! brig almo/ entire & broke h] completely 9 two2 9 "o m9ute no?+ 0 to be se5 ( h] b float+ fragm5ts4 ,not)/&+ ! complete success ( ?is exp]im5t1 ! ,briti% m9i/ry seems to h _h no?+ to d ) ,fulton4 ,! inv5tor 0 r disc\rag$ at ?is lack ( appreciation &1 aft] "s fur!r exp]im5ts1 he sail$ = ,new ,york 9 ,decemb]1 #ahjf4 ,9 ?is c\ntry ,fulton devot$ himself at once to 8 project ( subm>9e w>f>e & /eam navigation4 ,s f> f be+ disc\rag$ by 8 failure to impress ,europe ) ! importance ( 8 torp$oes1 8 confid5ce 0 un%ak51 because he saw t 8 failures 7 to be attribut$ to trivial errors t c\ld easily be correct$4 ,he induc$ our ,gov]nm5t to give him ! means ( mak+ fur!r exp]im5ts1 & invit$ ! magi/racy ( ,new ,york & a numb] ( citiz5s to ,gov]nor's ,isl& :]e 7 ! torp$oes & ! ma*9]y ) :i* 8 exp]im5ts 7 to be made4 ,9 ,july1 #ahjg1 he blew up1 9 ! h>bor ( ,new ,york1 a l>ge brig prep>$ = t purpose4 ,he also devis$ at ?is "t a numb] ( /ation>y torp$oes1 really casks ( p[d]1 ) trigg]s t might be caught by ! keel ( any pass+ vessel4 ,9 ,m>*1 #ahaj1 #e1jjj 7 grant$ by ,congress = fur!r exp]im5ts 9 subm>9e explosions4 ,! sloop ( w>1 ,argus1 0 prep>$ = def5ce aga9/ ! torp$oes aft] ,fulton _h expla9$ 8 mode ( attack4 ,?is def5ce 0 s complete t ,fulton f\nd x impracticable to d any?+ ) 8 torp$oes4 ,"s exp]im5ts 7 made1 h[ev]1 ) a gun-h>poon & cable cutt]1 & aft] sev]al attempts a f\rte5-in* cable 0 cut (f sev]al feet bel[ ! surface ( ! wat]4 ,fulton 01 dur+ all ^! exp]im5ts1 mu* press$ = money1 & app>5tly 0 mak+ no headway t[>d ! use ( 8 subm>9e eng9es 9 a pr(itable way4 ,x 0 9 despair ( gett+ our ,gov]nm5t to make an inve/m5t 9 ?is direction t he f9ally turn$ to ! problem ( navigation by /eam4 ,he _h ! valuable co-op]ation 9 8 new "w ( ,*ancellor ,liv+/on1 ( ,new ,j]sey1 :o1 :ile devot+ mu* ( 8 own "t & means to ! advancem5t ( sci5ce1 0 fond ( fo/]+ ! discov]ies ( o!rs4 ,he _h v cle> conceptions ( :at w\ld be ! great advantages ( /eamboats on ! navigable riv]s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,he _h already1 :5 9 ,p>is1 appli$ himself at great exp5se to con/ruct+ vessels & ma*9]y = t k9d ( navigation4 ,z e>ly z #agih he believ$ t he _h accompli%$ 8 object1 & repres5t$ to ! ,legislature ( ,new ,york t he 0 possess$ ( a mode ( apply+ ! /eam-eng9e to a boat on new & advantage\s pr9ciples2 b t he 0 det]r$ f c>ry+ x into effect by ! unc]ta9ty ( exp5sive exp]im5ts1 unless he c\ld be assur$ ( an exclusive advantage %\ld x be successful4 ,! ,legislature 9 ,m>*1 #agih1 pass$ an act ve/+ him ) ! exclusive "r & privilege ( navigat+ all k9ds ( boats :i* might be propell$ by ! =ce ( fire or /eam on all ! wat]s )9 ! t]ritory ( ,new ,york = ! t]m ( tw5ty ye>s1 ^u condition t he %\ld )9 a twelve-mon? build su* a boat1 ^: progress %\ld n be less ?an f\r miles an h\r4 ,illu/ration3 ,john ,fit*'s ,/eamboat at ,philadelphia4 ,liv+/on1 z soon z ! act _h pass$1 built a boat ( ab\t ?irty tons burd51 to be propell$ by /eam4 ,soon aft] he ent]$ into a contract ) ,fulton1 by :i* x 0 agre$ t a pat5t %\ld be tak5 out 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 ,fulton's "n4 ,?us began ! prep>ations = ! fir/ practical /eamboat4 ,all ! exp]im5ts 7 paid = by ,*ancellor ,liv+/on1 b ! "w 0 ,fulton's4 ,9 #ahjb1 9 ,p>is1 he began a c\rse ( calculations ^u ! resi/ance ( wat]1 ^u ! mo/ advantage\s =m ( ! body to be mov$1 & ^u ! diff]5t means ( propell+ vessels :i* _h be5 previ\sly attempt$4 ,aft] a v>iety ( calculations he reject$ ! propos$ plan ( us+ paddles or o>s1 su* z ^? already us$ by ,fit*2 likewise t ( ducks' feet1 :i* op5 z !y are pu%$ out & %ut z !y are drawn 92 also t ( =c+ wat] out ( ! /]n ( ! vessel4 ,he reta9$ two me?ods z wor?y ( exp]im5t1 namely1 endless *a9s ) paddle-bo>ds ^u !m1 & ! paddle-:eel4 ,! latt] 0 f\nd to be ! mo/ promis+1 & 0 f9ally adopt$ aft] a numb] ( trials ) models on a little riv] :i* runs ?r\gh ! village ( ,plombires1 to :i* he _h retir$ 9 ! spr+ ( #ahjb1 to pursue 8 exp]im5ts )\t int]ruption4 ,illu/ration3 ,fulton's ,fir/ ,exp]im5t ) ,paddle-:eels4 ,x 0 n[ det]m9$ to build an exp]im5tal boat1 :i* 0 complet$ 9 ! spr+ ( #ahjc2 b :5 ,fulton 0 on ! po9t ( mak+ an exp]im5t ) h]1 an accid5t happ5$ to ! boat1 ! woodwork n hav+ be5 fram$ /rongly en\gh to be> ! weight ( ! ma*9]y & ! agitation ( ! riv]4 ,! accid5t did ! ma*9]y v little injury2 b !y 7 oblig$ to build ! boat almo/ entirely anew4 ,%e 0 complet$ 9 ,july2 h] l5g? 0 sixty-six feet & %e 0 eight feet wide4 ,e>ly 9 ,augu/1 ,fulton address$ a lett] to ! ,fr5* ,national ,in/itute1 invit+ ! memb]s to witness a trial ( 8 boat1 :i* 0 made be=e ! memb]s1 & 9 ! pres5ce ( a great multitude ( ,p>isians4 ,! exp]im5t 0 entirely satisfactory to ,fulton1 ?\gh ! boat did n move altoge!r ) z mu* spe$ z he expect$4 ,b he imput$ h] mov+ s sl[ly to ! extremely defective ma*9]y1 & to imp]fections :i* 7 to be expect$ 9 ! fir/ exp]im5t ) s complicat$ a ma*9e2 ! defects 7 su* z might be easily rem$i$4 ,su* entire confid5ce did he acquire f ?is exp]im5t t imm$iately aft]w>d he wrote to ,messrs4 ,b\lton ,watt1 ( ,birm+ham1 ,engl&1 ord]+ c]ta9 p>ts ( a /eam-eng9e to be made = him1 & s5t to ,am]ica4 ,he did n disclose to !m = :at purpose ! eng9e 0 int5d$1 b 8 directions 7 su* z w\ld produce ! p>ts ( an eng9e t might be put toge!r )9 a compass suit$ = a boat4 ,mr4 ,liv+/on _h writt5 to 8 fri5ds 9 ?is c\ntry1 & ?r\gh _! assi/ance an act 0 pass$ by ! ,legislature ( ! ,/ate ( ,new ,york1 on ,april #e1 #ahjc1 by :i* ! rights & exclusive privileges ( navigat+ all ! wat]s ( t ,/ate1 by vessels propell$ by fire or /eam1 grant$ to ,liv+/on by ! ,act ( #agih1 z already m5tion$1 7 ext5d$ to ,liv+/on & ,fulton1 = ! t]m ( tw5ty ye>s f ! date ( ! new act4 ,by ?is law ! "t ( produc+ pro( ( ! practicability ( propell+ by /eam a boat ( tw5ty tons capacity1 at ! rate ( f\r miles an h\r1 ) & aga9/ ! ord9>y curr5t ( ! ,hudson1 0 ext5d$ two ye>s1 & by a subsequ5t law1 ! "t 0 ext5d$ to #ahjg4 ,v soon aft] ,fulton's arrival 9 ,new ,york he began build+ 8 fir/ ,am]ican boat4 ,:ile %e 0 con/ruct+1 he f\nd t h] co/ w\ld greatly exce$ 8 calculations4 ,he endeavor$ to less5 ! pressure on 8 own f9ances by (f]+ "o-?ird ( ! rights = a proportionate contribution to ! exp5se4 ,x 0 g5]ally kn[n t he made ?is (f]1 b no "o 0 !n will+ to af=d aid to 8 ent]prise4 ,9 ! spr+ ( #ahjg1 ,fulton's fir/ ,am]ican boat 0 laun*$ f ! %ipy>d ( ,*>les ,br[n1 on ! ,ea/ ,riv]4 ,! eng9e f ,engl& 0 put on bo>d1 & 9 ,augu/ %e 0 complet$1 & 0 mov$ by h] ma*9]y f h] bir?place to ! ,j]sey %ore4 ,liv+/on & ,fulton _h invit$ _m ( _! fri5ds to witness ! fir/ trial1 among !m ,dr4 ,mit*ell & ,dr4 ,m',nev51 to :om we are indebt$ = "s acc\nt ( :at pass$ on ?is occasion4 ,no?+ c\ld exce$ ! surprise & admiration ( all :o witness$ ! exp]im5t4 ,! m9ds ( ! mo/ incr$ul\s 7 *ang$ 9 a few m9utes4 ,be=e ! boat _h gone a qu>t] ( a mile1 ! greate/ unbeliev] mu/ h be5 conv]t$4 ,! man :o1 :ile he look$ on ! exp5sive ma*9e1 ?ank$ 8 />s t he _h m wisdom ?an to wa/e 8 money on su* idle s*emes1 *ang$ 8 m9d z ! boat mov$ f ! :>f & ga9$ spe$1 & 8 complac5t expression gradually /iff5$ into "o ( wond]4 ,?is boat1 :i* 0 call$ ! ,cl]mont1 soon aft] made a trip to ,albany4 ,fulton gives ! foll[+ acc\nt ( ?is voyage 9 a lett] to 8 fri5d1 ,mr4 ,b>l[3 ,illu/ration3 ,dep>ture ( ! ,cl]mont on h] ,fir/ ,voyage4 ,my /eamboat voyage to ,albany & back1 has turn$ out r m favorable ?an ,i _h calculat$4 ,! di/ance f ,new ,york to ,albany is "o hundr$ & fifty miles2 ,i ran x up 9 ?irty-two h\rs1 & d[n 9 ?irty4 ,i _h a light breeze aga9/ me ! :ole way1 bo? go+ & com+1 & ! voyage has be5 p]=m$ :olly by ! p[] ( ! /eam-eng9e4 ,i ov]took _m sloops & s*oon]s beat+ to w9dw>d1 & p>t$ ) !m z if !y _h be5 at an*or4 ,! p[] ( propell+ boats by /eam is n[ fully prov$4 ,! morn+ ,i left ,new ,york !re 7 n1 p]haps1 ?irty p]sons 9 ! city :o believ$ t ! boat w\ld ev5 move "o mile an h\r1 or be ( ! lea/ utility2 & :ile we 7 putt+ (f f ! :>f1 :i* 0 cr[d$ ) spectators1 ,i he>d a numb] ( s>ca/ic rem>ks4 ,?is is ! way 9 :i* ignorant m5 complim5t :at !y call philosoph]s & projectors4 ,hav+ employ$ mu* "t1 money1 & zeal1 9 accompli%+ ?is "w1 x gives me1 z x w y1 great pleasure to see x fully answ] my expectations4 ,x w give a *eap & quick conveyance to ! m]*&ise on ! ,mississippi1 ,miss\ri1 & o!r great riv]s1 :i* are n[ lay+ op5 _! treasures to ! ent]prise ( our c\ntrym52 & al?\gh ! prospect ( p]sonal emolum5t has be5 "s inducem5t to me1 yet ,i feel inf9itely m pleasure 9 reflect+ on ! imm5se advantage t my c\ntry w d]ive f ! inv5tion4 ,soon aft] ?is successful voyage1 ! ,hudson boat 0 adv]tis$ & e/abli%$ z a regul> passage-boat betwe5 ,new ,york & ,albany4 ,%e1 h[ev]1 9 ! c\rse ( ! season1 met ) sev]al accid5ts1 f ! ho/ility ( ^? engag$ 9 ! ord9>y navigation ( ! riv]1 & f defects 9 h] ma*9]y1 ! greate/ ( :i* 0 hav+ h] wat]-:eel %afts ( ca/-iron1 :i* 0 insuffici5t to su/a9 ! great p[] appli$ to !m4 ,! :eels also 7 hung )\t any support = ! outw>d end ( ! %aft1 :i* is n[ suppli$ by :at are call$ ! :eel-gu>ds4 ,at ! session ( #ahjh a law 0 pass$ to prolong ! "t ( ! exclusive "r to ?irty ye>s2 x also decl>$ comb9ations to de/roy ! boat1 or wilful attempts to injure h]1 public (f5ces1 puni%able by f9e & imprisonm5t4 ,not)/&+ h] mis=tunes1 ! boat cont9u$ to run z a packet1 always load$ ) pass5g]s1 = ! rema9d] ( ! summ]4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ! ensu+ w9t] %e 0 enl>g$1 & 9 ! spr+ ( #ahjh %e aga9 began runn+ z a packet-boat1 & cont9u$ x ?r\gh ! season4 ,sev]al o!r boats 7 soon built = ! ,hudson ,riv]1 & also = /eamboat companies =m$ 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,on ,febru>y #aa1 #ahji1 ,fulton took out a pat5t = 8 inv5tions 9 navigation by /eam1 & on ,febru>y #i1 #ahaa1 he obta9$ a second pat5t = "s improvem5ts 9 8 boats & ma*9]y4 ,ab\t ! ye> #ahab two /eam f]ry-boats 7 built "u ! direction ( ,fulton = cross+ ! ,hudson ,riv]1 & "o ( ! same description = ! ,ea/ ,riv]4 ,^! boats 7 :at are call$ tw9-boats1 ea* ( !m be+ two complete hulls unit$ by a deck or bridge4 ,!y 7 %>p at bo? ends1 & mov$ equally well ) ei!r end =emo/1 s t !y cross$ & recross$ )\t los+ any "t by turn+ ab\t4 ,he contriv$1 ) great +5uity1 float+ docks = ! reception ( ^! boats1 & a means by :i* !y 7 br\ght to !m )\t a %ock4 ,^! boats1 7 ! fir/ ( a fleet :i* has s9ce c>ri$ hundr$s ( millions ( pass5g]s to & f ,new ,york4 ,f ! "t ! fir/ boat 0 put 9 motion till ! dea? ( ,fulton1 ! art ( navigat+ by /eam advanc$ rapidly to t p]fection ( :i* he believ$ x capable2 ! boats p]=m$ ea* successive trip ) increas$ spe$1 & e ye> improvem5ts 7 made4 ,! la/ boat built by ,fulton 0 inv>iably ! be/1 ! mo/ conv5i5t1 & ! swifte/4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( #ahad a numb] ( ! citiz5s ( ,new ,york1 al>m$ at ! expos$ situation ( _! h>bor1 _h assembl$ ) a view to consid] :e!r "s measures might n be tak5 to aid ! ,gov]nm5t 9 its protection4 ,?is assembly _h "s k ( ,fulton's plans = subm>9e attack1 & knew t he contemplat$ o!r means ( def5ce4 ,x deput$ a numb] ( g5tlem5 to act = x1 & ^! 7 call$ ! ,coa/ & ,h>bor ,committee4 ,fulton exhibit$ to ?is committee ! model & plans = a vessel ( w>1 to be propell$ by /eam1 capable ( c>ry+ a /rong batt]y1 ) furnaces = r$-hot %ot1 & :i*1 he repres5t$1 w\ld move at ! rate ( f\r miles an h\r4 ,! confid5ce ( ! committee 9 ?is design 0 confirm$ by ! op9ions ( _m ( our mo/ di/+ui%$ naval comm&]s1 :i* he _h obta9$ 9 writ+1 & exhibit$ to ! committee4 ,!y po9t$ out _m advantages :i* a /eam vessel ( w> w\ld possess ov] ^? ) sails only4 ,! ,national ,legislature pass$ a law 9 ,m>*1 #ahad1 au?oriz+ ! ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates to cause to be built1 equipp$1 & employ$ "o or m float+ batt]ies = ! def5ce ( ! wat]s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,a sub-committee ( five g5tlem5 0 appo9t$ to sup]9t5d ! build+ ( ! propos$ vessel1 & ,fulton1 ^: _s animat$ ! :ole ent]prise1 0 appo9t$ ! eng9e]4 ,9 ,june1 #ahad1 ! keel ( ?is novel & mighty eng9e 0 laid1 & 9 ,octob] %e 0 laun*$ f ! ,new ,york y>d ( ,adam & ,noah ,br[n4 ,! sc5e exhibit$ on ?is occasion 0 magnific5t4 ,x happ5$ on "o ( our bright autumnal days4 ,multitudes ( spectators cr[d$ ! surr\nd+ %ores4 ,! riv] & bay 7 fill$ ) vessels ( w>1 dress$ 9 all _! colors 9 complim5t to ! occasion4 ,by ,may1 #ahae1 h] eng9e 0 put on bo>d1 & %e 0 s f> complet$ z to af=d an opportunity ( try+ h] ma*9]y4 ,on ! #d? ( ,july1 9 ! same ye>1 ! /eam-frigate made a passage to ! ocean & back1 a di/ance ( fifty-?ree miles1 9 eight h\rs & tw5ty m9utes1 by ! m]e =ce ( /eam4 ,9 ,septemb] %e made ano!r passage to ! sea1 & hav+ at ?is "t ! weight ( h] :ole armam5t on bo>d1 %e w5t at ! rate ( five & a half miles an h\r1 ^u an av]age1 ) & aga9/ ! tide4 ,! sup]9t5d+ committee gave 9 _! report a full description ( ! ,fulton ! ,fir/1 ! honor$ "n ?is vessel bore4 ,! la/ "w 9 :i* ! active & +5i\s m9d ( ,fulton 0 engag$ 0 a project = ! modification ( 8 subm>9e boat4 ,he pres5t$ a model ( ?is vessel to ! ,gov]nm5t1 by :i* x 0 approv$2 & "u ,f$]al au?ority he began build+ "o2 b be=e ! hull 0 entirely f9i%$ 8 c\ntry _h to lam5t 8 dea?1 & ! me*anics he employ$ 7 incapable ( proce$+ )\t him4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,demologos1 or ,fulton ! ,fir/4 ,! fir/ /eam vessel-(-w> 9 ! _w4 ,dur+ ! :ole "t t ,fulton _h ?us be5 devot+ 8 tal5ts to ! s]vice ( 8 c\ntry1 he _h be5 h>ass$ by lawsuits & controv]sies ) ^? :o 7 violat+ 8 pat5t rights1 or intrud+ ^u 8 exclusive grants4 ,! ,/ate ( ,new ,j]sey _h pass$ a law :i* op]at$ aga9/ ,fulton1 )\t be+ ( mu* advantage to ^? int]e/$ 9 its passage1 inasmu* z ! laws ( ,new ,york prev5t$ any b ,fulton's boats to approa* ! city ( ,new ,york4 ,its only op]ation 0 to /op a boat own$ 9 ,new ,york1 :i* _h be5 = sev]al ye>s runn+ to ,new ,brunswick1 "u a lic5se f ,messrs4 ,liv+/on & ,fulton4 ,a bold attempt 0 !re=e made to induce ! ,legislature ( ! ,/ate ( ,new ,york to repeal ! laws :i* !y _h pass$ = ! protection ( _! exclusive grant to ,liv+/on & ,fulton4 ,! committee report$ t su* repeal might be pass$ consi/5tly ) good fai?1 honor1 & ju/ice6 ,?is report be+ made to ! ,h\se1 x 0 prevail$ ^u to be less precipitate ?an ! committee _h be54 ,x gave "t1 :i* ! committee w\ld n d1 = ,fulton to be s5t = f ,new ,york4 ,! ,assembly & ,s5ate 9 jo9t session exam9$ witnesses1 & he>d him & ! petition] by c\nsel4 ,! result 0 t ! ,legislature refus$ to repeal ! prior law1 or to pass any act on ! subject4 ,! ,legislature ( ! ,/ate ( ,new ,j]sey also repeal$ _! law1 :i* left ,fulton 9 ! full enjoym5t ( 8 rights4 ,?is enjoym5t 0 ( v %ort duration2 = on return+ f ,tr5ton1 aft] ?is la/ trial1 he 0 expos$ on ! ,hudson1 :i* 0 v full ( ice1 = sev]al h\rs4 ,he _h n a con/itution to enc\nt] su* exposure1 & ^u 8 return f\nd himself mu* indispos$4 ,he _h at t "t great anxiety ab\t ! /eam-frigate1 &1 aft] conf9+ himself to ! h\se = a few days1 w5t to give 8 sup]9t5d5ce to ! workm5 employ$ ab\t h]4 ,=gett+ 8 ill-heal? 9 ! int]e/ he took 9 :at 0 do+ on ! frigate1 he rema9$ too long expos$ on a bad day to ! wea!r4 ,he soon felt ! effects ( ?is imprud5ce4 ,8 indisposition return$ ^u him ) su* viol5ce z to conf9e him to 8 b$4 ,8 illness increas$1 & on ,febru>y #bd1 #ahae1 x end$ 8 life4 ,x 0 n kn[n t ,fulton's illness 0 dang]\s till a v %ort "t be=e 8 dea?4 ,means 7 imm$iately tak5 to te/ify1 publicly1 ! univ]sal regret at 8 loss1 & respect = 8 memory4 ,! corporation ( ! city ( ,new ,york1 ! diff]5t lit]>y in/itutions & o!r societies1 assembl$ & pass$ resolutions express+ _! e/imation ( 8 wor?1 & regret at 8 loss4 ,!y also resolv$ to att5d 8 fun]al1 & t ! memb]s %\ld we> badges ( m\rn+ = a c]ta9 "t4 ,z soon z ! ,legislature1 :i* 0 !n 9 session at ,albany1 he>d ( ! dea? ( ,fulton1 !y express$ _! p>ticipation 9 ! g5]al s5tim5t by resolv+ t ! memb]s ( bo? ,h\ses %\ld we> m\rn+ = "s weeks4 ,9 #ahjf ,fulton m>ri$ ,h>riet ,liv+/on1 a daught] ( ,walt] ,liv+/on1 a relative ( 8 associate1 ,*ancellor ,liv+/on4 ,he left f\r *ildr52 "o son1 ,rob]t ,b>l[ ,fulton1 & ?ree daught]s4 ,fulton 0 9 p]son consid]ably above m$ium height2 8 face %[$ great intellig5ce4 ,natural ref9em5t & long int]c\rse ) ! mo/ poli%$ society ( ,europe & ,am]ica _h giv5 him grace & elegance ( mann]4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,cl]mont4 ,,iii4 ,,eli ,,:itney4 ,9 #aghd an ,am]ican vessel arriv$ at ,liv]pool hav+ on bo>d1 z "p ( h] c>go1 eight bags ( cotton1 :i* 7 seiz$ by ! ,cu/om-,h\se "u ! conviction t !y c\ld n be ! gr[? ( ,am]ica4 ,! :ole am\nt ( cotton arriv+ at ,liv]pool f ,am]ica dur+ ! two foll[+ ye>s 0 less ?an "o hundr$ & tw5ty bags4 ,:5 ,eli ,:itney1 ! inv5tor ( ! cotton-g91 appli$ = 8 fir/ pat5t 9 #agic1 ! total export ( cotton f ! ,unit$ ,/ates 0 less ?an t5 ?\s& bales4 ,fifty ye>s lat]1 ! gr[? ( ?is indu/ry1 ow+ almo/ :olly to ,:itney's g91 _h increas$ to millions ( bales1 & by #ahfj1 ! export am\nt$ to f\r million bales4 ,illu/ration3 ,eli ,:itney4 ,accord+ to ! e/imate ( ,judge ,johnson1 giv5 9 ! mo/ fam\s decision affect+ ! cotton-g91 ! debts ( ! ,s\? 7 paid (f by its aid1 its capital 0 increas$1 & its l&s trebl$ 9 value4 ,?is fam\s device1 ! gift ( a "y ,nor!rn] to ! ,s\?1 0 rew>d$ by ?irty ye>s ( +ratitude1 reliev$ only by a few gleams ( sun%9e 9 ! way ( ju/ice1 s]v+ to make ! inju/ice all ! m conspicu\s4 ,:itney add$ hundr$s ( millions to ! weal? ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,8 p]sonal rew>d 0 c\ntless lawsuits & endless vexation ( body & _s4 ,no m conspicu\s example c be cit$ ( /eady pati5ce & sweet-temp]$ p]sev]ance4 ,eli ,:itney 0 born 9 ,we/bor\gh1 ,worce/] ,c\nty1 ,mass41 ,decemb] #h1 #agfe4 ,8 p>5ts belong$ to t respectable class ( society :o1 by hone/ f>m+ & k9dr$ indu/ries1 manag$ to provide well = ! ris+ family--! class f :om h aris5 mo/ ( ^? :o 9 ,new ,engl& h atta9$ to em95ce & usefulness4 ,! indications ( 8 me*anical g5ius 7 not$ at an e>ly age4 ,( 8 passion = me*anics1 8 si/] gives ! foll[+ acc\nt3 ,our fa!r _h a work%op & sometimes made :eels ( diff]5t k9ds1 & *airs4 ,he _h a v>iety ( tools & a la! = turn+ *air-po/s4 ,?is gave my bro!r an opportunity ( le>n+ ! use ( tools :5 v "y4 ,he lo/ no "t1 b z soon z he c\ld h&le tools he 0 always mak+ some?+ 9 ! %op1 & seem$ to pref] t to "w on ! f>m4 ,aft] ! dea? ( our "m1 :5 our fa!r _h be5 abs5t f home two or ?ree days1 on 8 return he inquir$ ( ! h\sekeep] :at ! boys _h be5 do+4 ,%e told him :at ! eld]s _h done4 ',b :at has ,eli be5 do+8' said he4 ,%e repli$ he has be5 mak+ a fiddle4 ',ah6' add$ he1 despond5tly1 ',i fe> ,eli w h to take 8 portion 9 fiddles4' ,he 0 at ?is "t ab\t twelve ye>s old4 ,! si/] adds t 8 fiddle 0 f9i%$ ?r\gh\t l a common viol9 & made pretty good music4 ,x 0 exam9$ by _m p]sons1 & all pron\nc$ x to be a model piece ( "w = su* a boy4 ,f ?is "t he 0 always employ$ to repair viol9s1 & did _m nice jobs t 7 execut$ to ! entire satisfaction & ev5 to ! a/oni%m5t ( 8 cu/om]s4 ,8 fa!r's wat* be+ ! greate/ piece ( me*anism t _h yet pres5t$ itself to 8 obs]vation1 he 0 extremely desir\s ( exam9+ its int]ior con/ruction1 b 0 n p]mitt$ to d s4 ,"o ,sunday morn+1 obs]v+ t 8 fa!r 0 go+ to *ur* & w\ld leave at home ! wond]ful little ma*9e1 he feign$ illness z an apology = n go+4 ,z soon z ! family 7 out ( sight1 he flew to ! room :]e ! wat* hung & took x d[n4 ,he 0 s delight$ ) its motion t he took x to pieces be=e he ?\ght ( ! consequ5ces ( 8 ra% de$2 = 8 fa!r 0 a /]n p>5t1 & puni%m5t w\ld h be5 ! rew>d ( 8 idle curiosity1 _h ! mis*ief be5 detect$4 ,he1 h[ev]1 put ! works s neatly toge!r t 8 fa!r nev] discov]$ 8 audacity until he himself told him _m ye>s aft]w>d4 ,:5 ,eli 0 ?irte5 ye>s old 8 fa!r m>ri$ a second "t4 ,8 /epmo!r1 among h] articles ( furniture1 _h a h&some set ( table-knives t %e valu$ v highly4 ,"o day ,eli said3 ,i c\ld make z good ones if ,i _h tools1 & ,i c\ld make ! tools if ,i _h common tools to beg9 )2 8 "m laugh$ at him4 ,b x s happ5$ soon aft]w>d t "o ( ! knives 0 brok51 & he made "o exactly l x 9 e respect1 except ! /amp ( ! blade4 ,:5 he 0 fifte5 or sixte5 ye>s ( age1 he sugge/$ to 8 fa!r an ent]prise :i* cle>ly %[$ 8 capacity = important "w4 ,! "t be+ ! ,revolution>y ,w>1 nails 7 9 great dem& & at high prices4 ,!y 7 made *iefly by h&4 ,:itney propos$ to 8 fa!r to get him a few tools & all[ him to set up ! manufacture ( nails4 ,8 fa!r cons5t$1 & ! "w 0 begun4 ,by extraord9>y dilig5ce he f\nd "t to make tools = 8 own use & to put 9 knife-blades1 repair f>m ma*9]y1 & p]=m o!r little jobs beyond ! skill ( ! c\ntry workman4 ,at ?is occupation ! ent]pris+ boy work$1 alone ) great success & ) l>ge pr(it to 8 fa!r = two w9t]s1 go+ on ) ! ord9>y "w ( ! f>m dur+ ! summ]4 ,he devis$ a plan = enl>g+ ! bus9ess1 & manag$ to obta9 help f a fell[-labor] :om he pick$ up :5 on a %ort j\rney ( =ty miles1 9 ! c\rse ( :i* he tells u t he call$ at e work%op on ! way & glean$ all ! in=mation z to tools & me?ods t he c\ld4 ,at ! close ( ! w> ! bus9ess ( mak+ nails 0 no long] pr(itable2 b ! fa%ion prevail+ among ! ladies ( fa/5+ on _! bonnets ) long p9s hav+ appe>$1 he contriv$ to make ^! p9s ) su* skill t he ne>ly monopoliz$ ! bus9ess1 ?\gh he devot$ to x only su* leisure z he c\ld r$eem f ! occupations ( ! f>m4 ,he also made excell5t walk+-canes4 ,at ! age ( n9ete5 ,:itney conceiv$ ! idea ( gett+ a lib]al education2 & p>tly by ! results ( 8 me*anical indu/ries1 & p>tly by tea*+ ! village s*ool1 he 0 enabl$ s f> to surm\nt ! difficulties 9 8 way z to prep>e himself = ! ,fre%man ,class 9 ,yale ,college1 :i* he ent]$ 9 #aghi4 ,at college 8 me*anical prop5sity frequ5tly %[$ itself4 ,he successfully und]took1 on "o occasion1 ! repair+ ( "s ( ! philosophical app>atus4 ,soon aft] tak+ 8 degree1 9 ! autumn ( #agib1 he engag$ ) a ,georgia family z private tea*]1 & ?r\gh 8 engagem5t he made ! acqua9tance ( a c]ta9 ,g5]al ,gre5e1 ( ,savannah1 :o took a deep int]e/ 9 him1 & ) :om he began ! /udy ( law4 ,:ile liv+ ) ! ,gre5es he notic$ an embroid]y-frame us$ by ,mrs4 ,gre5e1 & ab\t :i* %e compla9$1 obs]v+ t x tore ! delicate ?reads ( h] "w4 ,"y ,:itney1 eag] to oblige 8 ho/ess1 w5t to "w & spe$ily produc$ a frame on an entirely new plan4 ,! family 7 mu* delight$ ) x1 & consid]$ x a wond]ful piece ( +5uity4 ,illu/ration3 ,:itney ,wat*+ ! ,cotton-,g94 ,n long aft]w>d ! ,gre5es 7 visit$ by a p>ty ( g5tlem51 *iefly (fic]s :o _h s]v$ "u ! g5]al 9 ! ,revolution>y ,w>4 ,! conv]sation turn$ on ! /ate ( agriculture4 ,x 0 rem>k$ t un=tunately !re 0 no means ( clean+ ! /aple ( ! gre5 cotton-se$1 :i* might o!rwise be pr(itably rais$ on l& unsuitable = rice4 ,b until someone devis$ a ma*9e :i* w\ld clean ! cotton1 x 0 va9 to ?9k ( rais+ x = m>ket4 ,sep>at+ "o p\nd ( ! clean /aple f ! se$ 0 a day's "w = a woman4 ,! "t usually devot$ to ! pick+ ( cotton 0 ! ev5+1 aft] ! labor ( ! field 0 ov]4 ,!n ! slaves--m51 wom51 & *ildr5--7 collect$ 9 circles1 ) "o 9 ! middle ^: duty x 0 to r\se ! dos+ & quick5 ! indol5t4 ,:ile ! company 7 engag$ 9 ?is conv]sation1 ,mrs4 ,gre5e said3 ,g5tlem51 apply to my "y fri5d "h1 ,mr4 ,:itney2 he c make any?+4 ,& %e %[$ !m ! frame & sev]al o!r articles he _h made4 ,he mode/ly disclaim$ all pret5sions to me*anical g5ius1 & repli$ t he _h nev] se5 cotton-se$4 ,nev]!less1 he imm$iately began ^u ! task ( inv5t+ & con/ruct+ ! ma*9e on :i* 8 fame dep5ds4 ,a ,mr4 ,ph9eas ,mill]1 a neighbor1 to :om he communicat$ 8 design1 w>mly enc\rag$ him1 & gave him a room 9 8 h\se :]e9 to c>ry on 8 op]ations4 ,"h he began "w ) ! disadvantage ( be+ oblig$ to manufacture 8 own tools & draw 8 own wire--an article n to be f\nd 9 ,savannah4 ,mr4 ,mill] & ,mrs4 ,gre5e 7 ! only p]sons :o knew any?+ ( 8 occupation4 ,ne> ! close ( ! w9t]1 #agic1 ! ma*9e 0 s f> complet$ z to leave no d\bt ( its success4 ,! p]son :o contribut$ mo/ to ! success ( ! und]tak+1 aft] ! inv5tor1 0 8 fri5d1 ,mill]1 a native ( ,connecticut &1 a graduate ( ,yale4 ,l ,:itney1 he _h come to ,georgia z a private tea*]1 & aft] ! dea? ( ,g5]al ,gre5e he m>ri$ ! wid[4 ,he 0 a lawy] by pr(ession1 ) a turn = me*anics4 ,he _h "s money & propos$ to ,:itney to become 8 p>tn]1 he to be at ! :ole exp5se ( manufactur+ ! inv5tion until x %\ld be pat5t$4 ,if ! ma*9e %\ld succe$1 !y agre$ t ! pr(its & advantages %\ld be divid$ betwe5 !m4 ,a legal pap] cov]+ ?is agreem5t & e/abli%+ ! firm ( ,mill] ,:itney1 be>s ! date ( ,may #bg1 #agic4 ,an inv5tion s important to ! agricultural int]e/s ( ! c\ntry c\ld n long rema9 a secret4 ,! k ( x swept ?r\gh ! ,/ate1 & s great 0 ! excitem5t on ! subject t cr[ds ( p]sons came f all p>ts to see ! ma*9e2 x 0 n deem$ safe to gratify curiosity until ! pat5t-"r %\ld be secur$4 ,b s det]m9$ 7 "s ( ^! p t nei!r law nor ju/ice c\ld re/ra9 !m2 !y broke into ! build+ by night & c>ri$ (f ! ma*9e4 ,9 ?is way ! public became possess$ ( ! inv5tion1 & be=e ,:itney c\ld complete 8 model & secure 8 pat5t1 a numb] ( ma*9es1 patt]n$ aft] 81 7 9 successful op]ation4 ,! pr9ciple ( ! ,:itney cotton-g9 & all o!r g9s foll[+ its features is s well kn[n z to make x sc>cely wor? :ile to describe x "h4 ,! diff]5t p>ts are two cyl9d]s ( diff]5t diamet]s1 m\nt$ 9 a /rong wood5 frame1 "o cyl9d] be>+ a numb] ( circul> saws fitt$ into grooves cut into ! cyl9d]4 ,! o!r holl[ cyl9d] is m\nt$ ) bru%es1 ! tips ( ^: bri/les t\* ! saw-tee?4 ,! cotton is put into a hopp]1 :]e x is met by ! %>p tee? ( ! saws1 torn f ! se$1 & c>ri$ to a po9t :]e ! bru%es sweep x (f into a conv5i5t receptacle4 ,! se$s are too l>ge to pass betwe5 ! b>s ?r\gh :i* ! saws protrude4 ,?is is ! pr9ciple ( ! fir/ ma*9e1 b _m improvem5ts h be5 made s9ce ,:itney's day4 ,nev]!less1 by means ( ! cotton-g91 ev5 9 its e>lie/ %ape1 "o man1 ) ! aid ( two-horse p[]1 c\ld clean five ?\s& p\nds ( cotton 9 a day4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,cotton-,g94 7,f ! orig9al model47 ,z soon z ! p>tn]%ip ( ,mill] ,:itney 0 =m$1 ! latt] w5t to ,connecticut to p]fect ! ma*9e1 obta9 ! pat5t1 & manufacture = ,georgia z _m ma*9es z he ?\ght w\ld supply ! dem&4 ,at once !re began betwe5 ,:itney 9 ,connecticut & ,mill] 9 ,georgia a correspond5ce relative to ! cotton-g91 :i* gives a complete hi/ory ( ! extraord9>y ef=ts made by ! two p>tn]s & ! disappo9tm5ts t fell to _! lot4 ,! v fir/ lett]1 writt5 ?ree days aft] ,:itney left1 ann\nces t encroa*m5ts ^u _! rights _h already begun4 ,x w be necess>y1 says ,mill]1 to h a consid]able numb] ( g9s 9 read9ess to s5d out z soon z ! pat5t is obta9$ 9 ord] to satisfy ! absolute dem&s & make p's heads easy on ! subject2 = ,i am in=m$ ( two o!r claimants = ! honor ( ! inv5tion ( ! cotton-g9 9 addition to ^? we knew be=e4 ,at ! close ( ! ye> #agic ,:itney 0 to return to ,georgia ) 8 g9s1 :]e 8 p>tn] _h made arrangem5ts = beg9n+ bus9ess4 ,! importunity ( ,mill]'s lett]s1 writt5 dur+ ?is p]iod1 urg+ him to come on1 %[ h[ eag] ! ,georgia plant]s 7 to ent] ! new field ( ent]prise t ! g5ius ( ,:itney _h op5$ to !m4 ,nor did !y at fir/ contemplate /eal+ ! inv5tion4 ,b ! m9ds ( ev5 ! m honorable among ! plant]s 7 aft]w>d delud$ by v>i\s artifices set on foot by design+ rivals ( ,:itney ) a view to robb+ him ( 8 rights4 ,"o ( ! greate/ difficulties exp]i5c$ by ! p>tn]s 0 ! extreme sc>city ( money1 :i* emb>rass$ !m s mu* z to make x impossible to con/ruct ma*9es fa/ en\gh4 ,9 ,april ,:itney return$ to ,georgia4 ,l>ge crops ( cotton _h be5 plant$1 ! pr(its ( :i* 7 to dep5d almo/ :olly on ! success ( ! g94 ,a =midable competitor1 ! roll]-g91 _h also appe>$1 :i* de/roy$ ! se$ by means ( roll]s1 cru%+ !m betwe5 revolv+ cyl9d]s in/ead ( dis5gag+ !m by means ( tee?4 ,! fragm5ts ( se$s :i* rema9$ 9 ! cotton made x mu* inf]ior to ,:itney's g91 & x 0 sl[] 9 op]ation4 ,a /ill m dang]\s rival appe>$ 9 #agie1 "u ! "n ( ! saw-g94 ,x 0 really ,:itney's inv5tion1 except t ! tee? 7 cut 9 circul> r+s ( iron in/ead ( be+ made ( wire1 z 9 ! e>li] =ms ( ! ,:itney g94 ,! use ( su* tee? _h occurr$ to ,:itney1 z he e/abli%$ by legal pro(4 ,!y w\ld h be5 ( no use except 9 connection ) o!r p>ts ( 8 ma*9e1 & x 0 a palpable attempt to invade 8 pat5t "r4 ,x 0 *iefly 9 ref]5ce to ?is device t ! endless lawsuits t wore ! life out ( ! p>tn]s 7 aft]w>d held4 ,9 ,m>*1 #agie1 aft] two ye>s ( /ruggle1 dur+ :i* no progress seems to h be5 made1 al?\gh ! value ( ! g9 0 prov$1 ,:itney w5t to ,new ,york1 :]e he 0 deta9$ ?ree weeks by fev]4 ,^u rea*+ ,new ,hav5 he discov]$ t 8 %op1 ) all 8 ma*9es & pap]s1 _h be5 consum$ by fire4 ,?us he 0 sudd5ly r$uc$ to bankruptcy & 0 9 debt #d1jjj )\t any means ( paym5t4 ,he 0 n1 h[ev]1 "o to s9k "u su* trials2 ,mill] %[$ ! same buoyant _s1 & ! foll[+ extract ( a lett] ( 8 to ,:itney may be a useful lesson to "y m5 9 tr\ble3 ,i ?9k we ought to meet su* ev5ts ) equanimity4 ,we h be5 pursu+ a valuable object by honorable means1 & ,i tru/ t all our measures h be5 su* z reason & virtue mu/ ju/ify4 ,x has pleas$ ,provid5ce to po/pone ! atta9m5t ( ?is object4 ,9 ! mid/ ( ! reflections :i* y\r /ory has sugge/$1 & ) feel+s ke5ly awake to ! heavy1 ! ext5sive injury we h su/a9$1 ,i feel a secret joy & satisfaction t y possess a m9d 9 ?is respect simil> to my own--t y are n di%e>t5$1 t y d n rel9qui% ! pursuit1 & t y w p]sev]e1 & endeavor1 at all ev5ts1 to atta9 ! ma9 object4 ,?is is exactly consonant to my own det]m9ations4 ,i w devote all my "t1 all my ?\ghts1 all my ex]tions1 & all ! money ,i c e>n or borr[ to encompass & complete ! bus9ess we h und]tak52 & if =tune %\ld1 by any future disa/]1 d5y u ! boon we ask1 we w at lea/ des]ve x4 ,x %all nev] be said t we h lo/ an object :i* a little p]sev]ance c\ld h atta9$4 ,i ?9k1 inde$1 x w be v extraord9>y if two "y m5 9 ! prime ( life1 ) "s %>e ( +5uity1 & ) a little k ( ! _w1 a great deal ( indu/ry1 & a consid]able comm& ( prop]ty1 %\ld n be able to su/a9 su* a /roke ( mis=tune z ?is1 heavy z x is4 ,mill] w9ds up by sugge/+ to ,:itney t p]haps he c get help 9 ,new ,hav5 by (f]+ twelve p] c5t4 a ye> = money ) :i* to build a new %op1 & ! inv5tor seems to h _h "s success 9 reorganiz+ 8 affairs1 ev5 "u su* desp]ate conditions4 ,^w came at ! same "t f ,engl& t manufactur]s _h condemn$ ! cotton clean$ by _! ma*9es on ! gr\nd t ! /aple 0 greatly injur$4 ,?is ?reat5$ a dea?bl[ to _! hopes4 ,at ! "t1 #agif1 !y already _h ?irty g9s at diff]5t places 9 ,georgia1 "s work$ by horses & ox5 & "s by wat]4 ,"s ( ^! 7 /ill /&+ a few ye>s ago4 ,! foll[+ extract ( a lett] by ,:itney w %[ ! /ate ( 8 m9d & affairs3 ,! extreme emb>rassm5ts :i* h be5 = a long "t accumulat+ ^u me are n[ become s great t x w be impossible = me to /ruggle aga9/ !m _m days long]4 ,x has requir$ my utmo/ ex]tions to exi/ )\t mak+ ! lea/ progress 9 our bus9ess4 ,i h labor$ h>d aga9/ ! /rong curr5t ( disappo9tm5t :i* has be5 ?reat5+ to c>ry u d[n ! cat>act1 b ,i h labor$ ) a %att]$ o> & /ruggl$ 9 va91 unless "s spe$y relief is obta9$4444 ,life is b %ort at be/1 & six or sev5 ye>s out ( ! mid/ ( x is to him :o makes x an imm5se sacrifice4 ,my mo/ unremitt$ att5tion has be5 devot$ to our bus9ess4 ,i h sacrific$ to x o!r objects f :i*1 be=e ?is "t1 ,i might c]ta9ly h ga9$ #bj1jjj or #cj1jjj4 ,my :ole prospects h be5 emb>k$ 9 x1 ) ! expectation t ,i %\ld be=e ?is "t h realiz$ some?+ f x4 ,! cotton ( ,:itney's g9 01 h[ev]1 s\ght by m]*ants 9 pref]5ce to o!r k9ds1 & respectable manufactur]s te/ifi$ 9 8 favor4 ,_h x n be5 = ! ext5sive & %ameful violations ( _! pat5t-"r1 ! p>tn]s might yet h succe$$2 b ^! encroa*m5ts _h become s ext5sive z almo/ to de/roy its value4 ,! issue ( ! fir/ important trial t !y 7 able to obta9 on ! m]its ( ! g9 is ann\nc$ 9 ! foll[+ lett] f ,mill] to ,:itney1 dat$ ,may #aa1 #agig3 ,! ev5t ( ! fir/ pat5t suit1 aft] all our ex]tions made 9 su* a v>iety ( ways1 has gone aga9/ u4 ,! prepo/]\s cu/om ( try+ civil causes ( ?is intricacy & magnitude by a common jury1 toge!r ) ! imp]fection ( ! pat5t law1 fru/rat$ all our views1 & disappo9t$ expectations :i* _h become v sangu9e4 ,! tide ( popul> op9ion 0 runn+ 9 our favor1 ! judge 0 well dispos$ t[>d u1 & _m decid$ fri5ds 7 ) u1 :o adh]$ firmly to our cause & int]e/s4 ,! judge gave a *>ge to ! jury po9t$ly 9 our favor2 aft] :i* ! def5dant himself told an acqua9tance ( 8 t he w\ld give two ?\s& doll>s to be free f ! v]dict1 & yet ! jury gave x aga9/ u1 aft] a consultation ( ab\t an h\r4 ,& hav+ made ! v]dict g5]al1 no appeal w\ld lie4 ,on ,monday morn+1 :5 ! v]dict 0 r5d]$1 we appli$ = a new trial1 b ! judge refus$ x to u on ! gr\nd t ! jury might h made up _! op9ion on ! defect ( ! law1 :i* makes an aggression consi/ ( mak+1 devis+1 & us+ or sell+2 :]eas we c\ld only *>ge ! def5dant ) us+4 ,?us1 aft] f\r ye>s ( assidu\s labor1 fatigue1 & difficulty1 are we aga9 set afloat by a new & mo/ unexpect$ ob/acle4 ,our hopes ( success are n[ remov$ to a p]iod /ill m di/ant ?an be=e1 :ile our exp5ses are realiz$ beyond all controv]sy4 ,great ef=ts 7 made to obta9 trial 9 a second suit 9 ,savannah ! foll[+ ,may1 & a numb] ( witnesses 7 collect$ f v>i\s p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 all to no purpose1 = ! judge fail$ to appe>1 & 9 ! meantime1 ow+ to ! failure ( ! fir/ suit1 encroa*m5ts on ! pat5t-"r _h multipli$ prodigi\sly4 ,9 ,april1 #agii1 ne>ly a ye> lat]1 & two ye>s aft] _! fir/ legal rebuff1 ,mill] writes z foll[s3 ,! prospect ( mak+ any?+ by g9n+ 9 ?is ,/ate is at an end4 ,surreptiti\s g9s are erect$ 9 e "p ( ! c\ntry1 & ! jurym5 at ,augu/a h come to an und]/&+ among !mselves t !y w nev] give a cause 9 our favor1 let ! m]its ( ! case be z !y may4 ,! company w\ld n[ h gladly rel9qui%$ ! plan ( mak+ _! own ma*9es1 & conf9$ _! op]ations to ! sale ( pat5t-rights2 b few w\ld buy ! "r to a ma*9e :i* c\ld be us$ ) impunity )\t pur*ase1 & ^? few usually gave notes in/ead ( ca%1 :i* !y aft]w>d1 to a great ext5t1 avoid$ pay+1 ei!r by obta9+ a v]dict f ! juries decl>+ !m void1 or by contriv+ to po/pone ! collection till !y 7 b>r$ by ! ,/atute ( ,limitations1 a p]iod ( only f\r ye>s4 ,! ag5t ( ,mill] ,:itney1 :o 0 despat*$ on a collect+ t\r ?r\gh ! ,/ate ( ,georgia1 in=m$ 8 employ]s t su* ob/acles 7 ?r[n 9 8 way by "o or ! o!r ( ^! causes t he 0 unable to collect money en\gh to pay 8 exp5ses4 ,x 0 sugge/$ t an application to ! ,legislature ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a to pur*ase ! pat5t-"r = t ,/ate w\ld be successful4 ,:itney accord+ly repair$ to ,columbia1 & ! bus9ess 0 br\ght be=e ! ,legislature 9 ,decemb]1 #ahja4 ,an extract f a lett] by ,:itney at ?is "t %[s ! nature ( ! contract ?us made3 ,i h be5 at ?is place a little m ?an two weeks att5d+ ! ,legislature4 ,a few h\rs previ\s to _! adj\rnm5t !y vot$ to pur*ase = ! ,/ate ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a my pat5t-"r to ! ma*9e = clean+ cotton at #ej1jjj1 ( :i* sum #bj1jjj is to be paid 9 h&1 & ! rema9d] 9 ?ree annual paym5ts ( #aj1jjj ea*4 ,he adds3 ,we get b a song = x 9 comp>ison ) ! wor? ( ! ?+1 b x is secur+ some?+4 ,x w enable ,mill] ,:itney to pay _! debts & divide some?+ betwe5 !m4 ,9 ,decemb]1 #ahjb1 ,:itney negotiat$ ! sale ( 8 pat5t-"r ) ! ,/ate ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a4 ,! ,legislature laid a tax ( #bs4 #f;d4 ^u e saw 7"s ( ! g9s _h =ty saws7 employ$ 9 g9n+ cotton1 to be cont9u$ = five ye>s2 & aft] d$uct+ ! exp5ses ( collection ! returns 7 fai?fully pass$ ov] to ! pat5tee4 ,?is comp5sation 0 reg>d$ by ,:itney z m lib]al ?an t receiv$ f any o!r s\rce4 ,ab\t ! same "t ,mr4 ,goodri*1 ! ag5t ( ! company1 ent]$ into a simil> negotiation ) ,t5nessee1 :i* ,/ate _h by ?is "t begun to realize ! importance ( ! inv5tion4 ,! ,legislature pass$ a law lay+ a tax ( #cg-a_/b c5ts p] annum on e saw us$1 = ! p]iod ( f\r ye>s4 ,?us f> ! prospects 7 gr[+ favorable to ! pat5tees1 :5 ! ,legislature ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a unexpect$ly annull$ ! contract :i* !y _h made1 susp5d$ fur!r paym5t ( ! balance1 & su$ = ! refund+ ( :at _h be5 already paid4 ,:5 ,:itney fir/ he>d ( ! transactions ( ! ,s\? ,c>ol9a ,legislature1 he 0 at ,raleigh1 :]e he _h j complet$ a negotiation ) ! ,legislature ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a4 ,9 a lett] writt5 to ,mill] at ?is "t1 he rem>ks3 ,i am1 = my own "p1 m vex$ ?an al>m$ by _! extraord9>y proce$+s4 ,i ?9k x behooves u to be v cauti\s & v circumspect 9 our measures1 & ev5 9 our rem>ks ) reg>d to x4 ,be cauti\s :at y say or publi% till we meet our enemies 9 a c\rt ( ju/ice1 :]e1 if !y h any s5sibility left1 we w make !m v mu* a%am$ ( _! *ildi% conduct4 ,b t ,:itney felt ke5ly ! sev]ities aft]w>d practis$ aga9/ him is evid5t f ! t5or ( ! remon/rance :i* he pres5t$ to ! ,legislature3 ,! subscrib] av]s t he has manife/$ no o!r ?an a disposition to fulfil all ! /ipulations ent]$ into ) ! ,/ate ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a ) punctuality & good fai?2 & he begs leave to obs]ve fur!r1 t to h indu/ri\sly1 labori\sly1 & exclusively devot$ _m ye>s ( ! prime ( 8 life to ! inv5tion & ! improvem5t ( a ma*9e f :i* ! citiz5s ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a h already realiz$ imm5se pr(its1 :i* is wor? to !m millions1 & f :i* _! prosp]ity mu/ cont9ue to d]ive ! mo/ important pr(its1 & 9 return to be treat$ z a felon1 a sw9dl]1 & a villa91 has /ung him to ! v s\l4 ,& :5 he consid]s t ?is cruel p]secution is inflict$ by ! v p]sons :o are enjoy+ ^! great b5efits1 & expressly = ! purpose ( prev5t+ 8 ev] d]iv+ ! lea/ advantage f 8 own labors1 ! acut5ess ( 8 feel+s is altoge!r inexpressible4 ,d\bts1 x seems1 _h aris5 9 ! public m9d z to ! validity ( ! pat5t4 ,great ex]tions _h be5 made 9 ,georgia1 :]e1 x w be rememb]$1 ho/ilities 7 fir/ decl>$ aga9/ him1 to %[ t 8 title to ! inv5tion 0 uns\nd1 & t somebody 9 ,switz]l& _h conceiv$ x be=e him2 & t ! improv$ =m ( ! ma*9e ) saws1 in/ead ( wire tee?1 did n come )9 ! pat5t1 hav+ be5 introduc$ by "o ,hodg9 ,holmes4 ,! popul> voice1 /imulat$ by ! mo/ sordid me?ods1 0 n[ rais$ aga9/ ,:itney ?r\gh\t all ! cotton ,/ates4 ,t5nessee foll[$ ! example ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 annull+ ! contract made ) him4 ,& ! attempt 0 made 9 ,nor? ,c>ol9a4 ,b a committee ( ! ,legislature1 to :om x 0 ref]r$1 report$ 9 ,:itney's favor1 decl>+ t ! contract ought to be fulfill$ ) punctuality & good fai?1 :i* resolution 0 adopt$ by bo? ,h\ses4 ,!re 7 also high-m9d$ m5 9 ,s\? ,c>ol9a :o 7 indignant at ! di%onorable measures adopt$ by _! ,legislature ( #ahjc2 _! s5tim5ts impress$ ! community s favorably ) reg>d to ,:itney t1 at ! session ( #ahjd1 ! ,legislature n only resc9d$ :at ! previ\s "o _h done1 b signifi$ _! respect = ,:itney by m>k$ comm5dations4 ,mill] di$ on ,decemb] #g1 #ahjc4 ,9 ! e>li] /ages ( ! ent]prise he _h indulg$ high hopes ( a great =tune2 p]petual disappo9tm5ts appe> to h att5d$ him ?r\gh life4 ,:itney 0 n[ left alone to cont5d s+le-h&$ aga9/ ! difficulties :i* _h1 = a s]ies ( ye>s1 almo/ brok5 d[n ! spirits ( ! p>tn]s4 ,! light1 moreov]1 :i* seem$ to be break+1 prov$ b ! twilight ( prosp]ity4 ,! favorable issue ( ,:itney's affairs 9 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 & ! g5]\s receipts he obta9$ f 8 contract ) ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 reliev$ him1 h[ev]1 f ! emb>rassm5ts "u :i* he _h s long groan$1 & made him1 9 "s degree1 indep5d5t4 ,/ill1 no small portion ( ! funds ?us collect$ 9 ,nor? & ,s\? ,c>ol9a 0 exp5d$ 9 c>ry+ on trials & endless lawsuits 9 ,georgia4 ,f9ally1 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,c\rt1 held 9 ,georgia1 ,decemb]1 #ahjg1 ,:itney's pat5t obta9$ a mo/ important decision 9 its favor aga9/ a trespass] nam$ ,=t4 ,x 0 on ?is trial t ,judge ,johnson gave a mo/ celebrat$ decision 9 ! foll[+ words3 ,to support ! orig9ality ( ! inv5tion1 ! compla9ants h produc$ a v>iety ( depositions ( witnesses1 exam9$ "u commission1 ^: exam9ations expressly prove ! orig91 progress1 & completion ( ! ma*9e ( ,:itney1 "o ( ! cop>tn]s4 ,p]sons :o 7 made privy to 8 fir/ discov]y te/ify to ! sev]al exp]im5ts :i* he made 9 _! pres5ce be=e he v5tur$ to expose 8 inv5tion to ! scrut9y ( ! public eye4 ,b x is n necess>y to resort to su* te/imony to ma9ta9 ?is po9t4 ,! jeal\sy ( ! arti/ to ma9ta9 t reputation :i* 8 +5uity has ju/ly acquir$1 has urg$ him to unnecess>y pa9s on ?is subject4 ,!re are circum/ances 9 ! k ( all mank9d :i* prove ! orig9ality ( ?is inv5tion m satisfactorily to ! m9d ?an ! direct te/imony ( a ho/ ( witnesses4 ,! cotton-plant furni%$ clo?+ to mank9d be=e ! age ( ,h]odotus4 ,! gre5 se$ is a species mu* m productive ?an ! black1 & by nature adapt$ to a mu* great] v>iety ( climate1 b by reason ( ! /rong adh]5ce ( ! fibre to ! se$1 )\t ! aid ( "s m p[]ful ma*9e = sep>at+ x ?an any =m]ly kn[n among u1 ! cultivation ( x w\ld nev] h be5 made an object4 ,! ma*9e ( :i* ,mr4 ,:itney claims ! inv5tion s facilitates ! prep>ation ( ?is species = use t ! cultivation ( x has sudd5ly become an object ( inf9itely great] national importance ?an t ( ! o!r species ev] c be4 ,is x1 !n1 to be imag9$ t if ?is ma*9e _h be5 be=e discov]$1 ! use ( x w\ld ev] h be5 lo/1 or c\ld h be5 conf9$ to any tract or c\ntry left unexplor$ by comm]cial ent]prise8 ,b x is unnecess>y to rem>k fur!r ^u ?is subject4 ,a numb] ( ye>s h elaps$ s9ce ,mr4 ,:itney took out 8 pat5t1 & no "o has produc$ or pret5d$ to prove ! exi/5ce ( a ma*9e ( simil> con/ruction or use4 ,) reg>d to ! utility ( ?is discov]y ! c\rt w\ld deem x a wa/e ( "t to dwell long ^u ?is topic4 ,is !re a man :o he>s u :o has n exp]i5c$ its utility8 ,! :ole int]ior ( ! ,s\!rn ,/ates 0 langui%+ & its inhabitants emigrat+ = want ( "s object to engage _! att5tion & employ _! indu/ry1 :5 ! inv5tion ( ?is ma*9e at once op5$ views to !m :i* set ! :ole c\ntry 9 active motion4 ,f *ildhood to age x has pres5t$ to u a lucrative employm5t4 ,our debts h be5 paid (f1 our capitals h increas$1 & our l&s trebl$ !mselves 9 value4 ,we _c express ! weight ( ! obligation :i* ! c\ntry owes to ?is inv5tion4 ,! ext5t ( x _c n[ be se54 ,"s fa9t pres5tim5t may be =m$ f ! reflection t cotton is rapidly supplant+ wool1 flax1 silk1 & ev5 furs 9 manufactures1 & may "o day pr(itably supply ! use ( specie 9 our ,ea/ ,india trade4 ,our si/] ,/ates also p>ticipate 9 ! b5efits ( ?is inv5tion1 = besides af=d+ ! raw mat]ial = _! manufactur]s1 ! bulk9ess & quantity ( ! article af=ds a valuable employm5t = _! %ipp+4 ,! influ5ce ( ?is decision1 h[ev]1 avail$ ,:itney v little1 = ! t]m ( 8 pat5t _h ne>ly expir$4 ,dur+ ,mill]'s life m ?an sixty suits _h be5 in/itut$ 9 ,georgia1 & b a s+le decision on ! m]its ( ! claim 0 obta9$4 ,9 prosecution ( 8 tr\blesome bus9ess1 ,:itney _h made six diff]5t j\rneys to ,georgia1 sev]al ( :i* 7 accompli%$ by l& at a "t :5 ! difficulties ( su* j\rneys 7 exce$+ly great4 ,a g5tleman :o 0 well acqua9t$ ) ,:itney's affairs 9 ! ,s\?1 & sometimes act$ z 8 legal advis]1 says t 9 all 8 exp]i5ce 9 ! ?orny pr(ession ( ! law he nev] saw a case ( su* p]sev]ance "u prosecution4 ,he adds3 ,nor d ,i believe t ,i ev] knew any o!r man :o w\ld h met !m ) equal coolness & firmness1 or :o w\ld f9ally h obta9$ ev5 ! p>tial success :i* he did4 ,he always call$ on me 9 ,new ,york on 8 way ,s\? :5 go+ to att5d 8 endless trials & to meet ! mis*iev\s contrivances ( m51 :o seem$ inexhau/ible 9 _! res\rces ( evil4 ,ev5 n[1 aft] ?irty ye>s1 my head a*es to recollect 8 n>ratives ( new trials1 fre% disappo9tm5ts1 & accumulat$ wrongs4 ,9 #agih ,:itney _h become deeply impress$ ) ! unc]ta9ty ( all 8 hopes f\nd$ ^u ! cotton-g91 & began to ?9k s]i\sly ( devot+ himself to "s bus9ess 9 :i* 8 sup]ior +5uity1 second$ by uncommon indu/ry1 w\ld conduct him by a sl[ b sure road to a compet5t =tune4 ,x may be consid]$ indicative ( solid judgm5t & a well-balanc$ m9d t he did n1 z is s frequ5tly ! case ) m5 ( inv5tive g5ius1 become s poison$ ) ! hopes ( va/ weal? z to be disqualifi$ = mak+ a reasonable provision = life by ! sob] e>n+s ( private indu/ry4 ,! ent]prise :i* he select$ 9 accordance ) ^! views 0 ! manufacture ( arms = ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,?r\gh ,oliv] ,wolcott1 !n ,secret>y ( ! ,treasury1 he obta9$ a contract = ! manufacture ( #aj1jjj /& ( arms1 #d1jjj ( :i* 7 to be deliv]$ be=e ! la/ ( ,septemb] ( ! ensu+ ye>1 #agii4 ,:itney pur*as$ = 8 works a site call$ ,ea/ ,rock1 ne> ,new ,hav51 n[ kn[n z ,:itneyville1 & ju/ly admir$ = ! romantic beauty ( its sc5]y4 ,a wat]-fall (f]$ ! necess>y p[] = ! ma*9]y4 ,"h he began op]ations ) great zeal4 ,8 ma*9]y 0 yet to be built1 8 mat]ial collect$1 & ev5 8 workm5 to be taught1 & t 9 a bus9ess ) :i* he 0 imp]fectly acqua9t$4 ,a sev]e w9t] ret>d$ 8 op]ations & r5d]$ him incompet5t to fulfil ! contract4 ,only #ejj in/ead ( #d1jjj /&s 7 deliv]$ ! fir/ ye>1 & eight ye>s in/ead ( two 7 f\nd necess>y = complet+ ! :ole4 ,dur+ ! eight ye>s ,:itney 0 occupi$ 9 p]=m+ ?is "w1 he appli$ himself to bus9ess ) ! mo/ exempl>y dilig5ce1 ris+ e morn+ z soon z x 0 day1 & at night sett+ ev]y?+ 9 ord] 9 all p>ts ( ! e/abli%m5t4 ,8 g5ius impress$ itself on e "p ( ! factory1 ext5d+ ev5 to ! mo/ common tools1 mo/ ( :i* receiv$ "s peculi> modification :i* improv$ !m 9 accuracy or effici5cy4 ,8 ma*9es = mak+ ! sev]al p>ts ( ! musket 7 made to op]ate ) ! greate/ possible degree ( uni=mity & precision4 ,! object at :i* he aim$1 & :i* he fully accompli%$1 0 to make ! same p>ts ( diff]5t guns1 z ! locks1 = in/ance1 z mu* l ea* o!r z ! successive impressions ( a copp]-plate engrav+1 & x has g5]ally be5 consid]$ t ,:itney greatly improv$ ! way ( manufactur+ arms & laid 8 c\ntry "u p]man5t obligations by augm5t+ our facilities = national def5ce4 ,9 #ahab he made a contract to manufacture = ! ,unit$ ,/ates #ae1jjj /& ( arms1 & 9 ! meantime a simil> contract ) ! ,/ate ( ,new ,york4 ,sev]al o!r p]sons made contracts ) ! ,gov]nm5t at ab\t ! same "t & attempt$ ! manufacture ( muskets4 ,! result ( _! ef=ts 0 a complete failure1 & 9 "s in/ances !y exp5d$ a consid]able =tune 9 addition to ! am\nt receiv$ = _! "w4 ,9 #ahbb ,calh\n1 !n ,secret>y ( ,w>1 admitt$ 9 a conv]sation ) ,:itney t ! ,gov]nm5t 0 sav+ #be1jjj a ye> at ! public armories alone by 8 improvem5ts1 & x %\ld be rememb]$ t ! utility ( ,:itney's labors dur+ ?is "p ( 8 life 0 n limit$ to ?is p>ticul> bus9ess4 ,9 #ahab ,:itney made application to ,congress = ! r5ewal ( 8 pat5t = ! cotton-g94 ,9 8 memorial he pres5t$ ! hi/ory ( ! /ruggles he _h be5 =c$ to make 9 def5ce ( 8 rights1 obs]v+ t he _h be5 unable to obta9 any decision on ! m]its ( 8 claim until ?irte5 ye>s ( 8 pat5t _h expir$4 ,he /ates also t 8 inv5tion _h be5 a s\rce ( opul5ce to ?\s&s ( ! citiz5s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 t z a labor-sav+ ma*9e x w\ld enable "o man to p]=m ! "w ( a ?\s& m51 & t x furni%$ to ! :ole family ( mank9d1 at a v *eap rate1 ! mo/ ess5tial mat]ial = _! clo?+4 ,al?\gh s great advantages _h already be5 exp]i5c$1 & ! prospect ( future b5efits 0 s promis+1 /ill1 _m ( ^? ^: int]e/ _h be5 mo/ promot$ & ! value ( ^: prop]ty _h be5 mo/ enhanc$ by ?is inv5tion1 _h ob/9ately p]si/$ 9 refus+ to make any comp5sation to ! inv5tor4 ,f ! ,/ate 9 :i* he _h fir/ made1 & :]e1 he _h fir/ introduc$ 8 ma*9e1 & :i* _h d]iv$ ! mo/ signal b5efits--,georgia--he _h receiv$ no?+2 & f no ,/ate _h he receiv$ ! am\nt ( half a c5t p] p\nd on ! cotton clean$ ) 8 ma*9es 9 "o ye>4 ,e/imat+ ! value ( ! labor ( "o man at tw5ty c5ts a day1 ! :ole am\nt :i* _h be5 receiv$ by him = 8 inv5tion 0 n equal to ! value ( ! labor sav$ 9 "o h\r by 8 ma*9es !n 9 use 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,he cont9ues3 ,x is object$ t if ! pat5tee succe$s 9 procur+ ! r5ewal ( 8 pat5t he w be too ri*4 ,!re is no probability t ! pat5tee1 if ! t]m ( 8 pat5t 7 ext5d$ = tw5ty ye>s1 w\ld ev] obta9 = 8 inv5tion "o-half z mu* z _m an individual w ga9 by ! use ( x4 ,up to ! pres5t "t ! :ole am\nt ( :at he _h acquir$ f ?is s\rce1 aft] d$uct+ 8 exp5ses1 does n exce$ "o-half ! sum :i* a s+le individual has ga9$ by ! use ( ! ma*9e 9 "o ye>4 ,x is true t consid]able sums h be5 obta9$ f "s ( ! ,/ates :]e ! ma*9e is us$1 b no small portion ( ^! sums has be5 exp5d$ 9 prosecut+ 8 claim 9 a ,/ate :]e no?+ has be5 obta9$1 & :]e 8 ma*9e has be5 us$ to ! greate/ advantage4 ,not)/&+ ^! cog5t argum5ts1 ! application 0 reject$ by ! c\rts4 ,"s lib]al-m9d$ & enlight5$ m5 f ! cotton di/ricts favor$ ! petition1 b a majority ( ! memb]s f t "p ( ! ,union 7 w>mly oppos$ to grant+ x4 ,9 a lett] to ,rob]t ,fulton1 ,:itney says3 ,! difficulties ) :i* ,i h to cont5d h orig9at$1 pr9cipally1 9 ! want ( a disposition 9 mank9d to d ju/ice4 ,my inv5tion 0 new & di/9ct f e o!r2 x /ood alone4 ,x 0 n int]wov5 ) any?+ be=e kn[n2 & x c seldom happ5 t an inv5tion or improvem5t is s /rongly m>k$ & c be s cle>ly & specifically id5tifi$2 & ,i h always believ$ t ,i %\ld h no difficulty 9 caus+ my "r to be respect$1 if x _h be5 less valuable1 & be5 us$ only by a small portion ( ! community4 ,b ! use ( ?is ma*9e be+ imm5sely pr(itable to almo/ e plant] 9 ! cotton di/ricts1 all 7 int]e/$ 9 trespass+ ^u ! pat5t-"r1 & ea* kept ! o!r 9 c\nt5ance4 ,demagogues made !mselves popul> by misrepres5tations & unf\nd$ clamors1 bo? aga9/ ! "r & aga9/ ! law made = its protection4 ,h5ce !re arose associations & comb9ations to oppose bo?4 ,at "o "t1 b few m5 9 ,georgia d>$ to come into c\rt & te/ify to ! mo/ simple facts )9 _! k1 relative to ! use ( ! ma*9e4 ,9 "o in/ance ,i _h great difficulty 9 prov+ t ! ma*9e _h be5 us$ 9 ,georgia1 al?\gh at ! same mom5t !re 7 ?ree sep>ate sets ( ?is ma*9]y 9 motion )9 fifty y>ds ( ! build+ 9 :i* ! c\rt sat1 & all s ne> t ! rattl+ ( ! :eels 0 di/9ctly he>d on ! /eps ( ! c\rt-h\se4 ,su* p]sev]ance1 pati5ce1 & uncommon skill 7 n1 h[ev]1 to g :olly unrew>d$4 ,:itney's factory ( arms 9 ,new ,hav5 made money = him1 & ! ,s\!rn ,/ates 7 n all guilty ( +ratitude4 ,moreov]1 9 8 private life he 0 extremely =tunate4 ,9 ,janu>y1 #ahag1 he m>ri$ ,h5rietta ,edw>ds1 ! y\nge/ daught] ( ,judge ,pi]pont ,edw>ds1 ( ,connecticut4 ,a son & ?ree daught]s contribut$ to ! sun%9e ( ! close ( a some:at /ormy & ev5tful life4 ,8 la/ ye>s 7 8 happie/4 ,he f\nd prosp]ity & honor 9 ,new ,hav51 :]e he di$ on ,janu>y #h1 #ahbe1 aft] a t$i\s illness4 ,9 p]son ,:itney 0 ( m ?an usual height1 ) mu* dignity ( mann] & an op51 pleasant face4 ,among 8 p>ticul> fri5ds no man 0 m e/eem$4 ,"s ( ! e>lie/ ( 8 intimate associates 7 among ! late/4 ,8 s5se ( honor 0 high1 & 8 feel+ ( res5tm5t & indignation "u inju/ice correspond+ly /rong4 ,he c\ld1 h[ev]1 be cool :5 8 oppon5ts 7 hot1 & 8 /rong s5se ( ! injuries he _h suff]$ did n impair ! natural s]5ity ( 8 temp]4 ,! value ( 8 fam\s inv5tion has s /eadily gr[n t its money importance to ?is c\ntry c sc>cely be e/imat$ 9 figures4 ,8 tomb 9 ,new ,hav5 is aft] a model ( t ( ,scipio1 at ,rome1 & be>s ! foll[+ inscription3 ,,eli ,,:itney1 ,,! ,,inv5tor ,,( ,,! ,,cotton-,,g94 ,,( ,,useful ,,sci5ce ,,& ,,arts1 ,,! ,,effici5t ,,patron ,,& ,,improv]4 ,,9 ,,! ,,social ,,relations ,,( ,,life1 ,a ,,model ,,( ,,excell5ce4 ,,:ile ,,private ,,affection ,,weeps ,,at ,,8 ,,tomb1 ,,8 ,,c\ntry ,,honors ,,8 ,,memory4 ,,born ,,dec4 #h1 #agfe4 ,,di$ ,,jan4 #h1 #ahbe4 ,,iv ,,elias ,,h[e4 ,illu/ration3 ,elias ,h[e4 ,9 look+ ov] ! hi/ory ( great inv5tions x is rem>kable h[ uni=mly ^? discov]ies t help$ mank9d mo/ h be5 d]id$1 abus$1 & oppos$ by ! v classes :i* 9 ! end !y 7 de/9$ to bless4 ,ne>ly e great inv5tion has _h lit]ally to be =c$ into popul> acceptance4 ,! b[m5 ( ! ,middle ,ages resi/$ ! introduction ( ! musket2 ! s$an-*air c>ri]s w\ld n all[ hackney c>riages to be us$2 ! /agecoa* l9es attempt$ by all possible devices to block ! advance ( ! railway4 ,:51 9 #agjg1 ,dr4 ,pap9 %[$ 8 fir/ rude conception ( a /eamboat1 x 0 seiz$ by ! boatm51 :o fe>$ t x w\ld deprive !m ( a liv+4 ,kay 0 mobb$ 9 ,lanca%ire :5 he tri$ to introduce 8 fly-%uttle2 ,h>greaves _h 8 sp9n+-frame de/roy$ by a ,blackburn mob2 ,crampton _h to hide 8 sp9n+-mule 9 a lumb]-room = fe> ( a simil> fate2 ,arkwright1 ! inv5tor ( ! sp9n+-frame1 0 d5\nc$ z ! enemy ( ! work+-classes & 8 mill de/roy$2 ,jacqu>d n>r[ly escap$ be+ ?r[n into ! riv] ,rhone by a cr[d ( furi\s weav]s :5 8 new loom 0 fir/ put into op]ation2 ,c>twright _h to ab&on 8 p[]-loom = ye>s because ( ! bitt] animosity ( ! weav]s t[>d x4 ,riots 7 organiz$ 9 ,nott+ham aga9/ ! use ( ! /ock+-loom4 ,x is n !re=e surpris+ t ! greate/ labor-sav+ ma*9e ( dome/ic life1 ! sew+-ma*9e1 %\ld h be5 receiv$ ) any?+ b ?anks4 ,h[e 0 abus$1 ridicul$1 & d5\nc$ z ! enemy ( man1 & especially ( poor sew+-wom51 ! v class ^: toil he has done s mu* to light54 ,curses in/ead ( bless+s 7 %[]$ ^u him dur+ ! fir/ ye>s t foll[$ ! successful work+ ( 8 wond]ful ma*9e4 ,=tunately = ! inv5tor1 ! age ( p]secution _h almo/ pass$1 & ,h[e liv$ to receive ! rew>ds he s fully des]v$4 ,elias ,h[e1 ,jr41 0 born 9 ,sp5c]1 ,mass41 9 #ahai4 ,8 fa!r 0 a f>m] & mill]1 & ! eight *ildr5 ( ! family1 z 0 common ) all poor p ( ! "t1 7 e>ly taught to d light "w ( "o k9d or ano!r4 ,:5 ,elias 0 six ye>s old he 0 set ) 8 bro!rs & si/]s at /ick+ wire tee? ?r\gh ! lea!r /raps us$ = cotton-c>ds4 ,:5 old] he help$ 8 fa!r 9 ! mill1 & 9 summ] pick$ up a little book k at ! di/rict s*ool4 ,z a boy he 0 frail 9 con/itution1 & he 0 slightly lame4 ,:5 elev5 ye>s old he attempt$ f>m labor = a neighbor1 b1 0 n /rong en\gh = x & return$ to 8 fa!r's mill1 :]e he rema9$ until he 0 sixte54 ,x 0 "h t he fir/ began to l ma*9]y4 ,a fri5d :o _h visit$ ,l[ell gave him su* an acc\nt ( t bu/l+ city & its big mills t "y ,h[e1 becom+ dissatisfi$1 obta9$ 8 fa!r's cons5t to leave1 & f\nd employm5t 9 "o ( ! ,l[ell cotton-mills4 ,! f9ancial cra% ( #ahcg /opp$ ! looms1 & ,h[e obta9$ a place 9 a ,cambridge ma*9e-%op 9 :i* 8 c\s91 ,na?aniel ,p4 ,banks1 aft]w>d ,gov]nor ( ,massa*usetts1 also work$4 ,h[e's fir/ job happ5$ to be ^u a new hemp-c>d+ ma*9e ( ,treadwell4 ,at ! age ( tw5ty-"o ,h[e m>ri$ & mov$ to ,bo/on1 f9d+ employm5t 9 ! ma*9e-%op ( ,ari ,davis4 ,he is describ$ z be+ a capital workman1 m full ( res\rces ?an ( plodd+ indu/ry1 h[ev]1 & r apt to sp5d m "t 9 sugge/+ a bett] way ( do+ a job ?an 9 foll[+ in/ructions4 ,) su* a disposition1 & inasmu* z 8 sugge/ions 7 n consid]$ ( value1 he _h r a h>d "t ( x4 ,?ree *ildr5 7 born to ! "y c\ple4 ,z ,h[e's e>n+s 7 slight & 8 heal? none ( ! be/1 8 wife tri$ to add to ! family income1 & at ev5+1 :5 ,h[e lay exhau/$ ^u ! b$ aft] 8 day's "w1 ! "y "m pati5tly sew$4 ,h] toil 0 to "s purpose4 ,) 8 natural b5t = me*anics1 ,h[e c\ld n be a sil5t witness ( ?is incessant & poorly paid labor )\t becom+ int]e/$ 9 af=d+ aid4 ,moreov]1 he 0 con/antly employ$ ^u new sp9n+ & weav+ ma*9es = do+ "w t = ?\s&s ( ye>s _h be5 done pa9fully & sl[ly by h&4 ,! possibility ( sew+ by ma*9]y _h (t5 be5 spok5 ( be=e t day1 b ! problem seem$ to pres5t insup]able difficulties4 ,elias ,h[e _h1 z we "k1 peculi> fitness = su* "w4 ,he _h se5 mu* ( inv5tors & inv5tions1 & knew some?+ ( ! dang]s & disappo9tm5ts 9 /ore = him4 ,9 ! int]vals betwe5 important jobs at ! %op he nurs$ ! idea ( a sew+-ma*9e1 keep+ 8 own c\nsel4 ,9 8 fir/ rude attempt x appe>$ to him1 t ma*9e-sew+ c\ld only be accompli%$ ) v co>se ?read or /r+2 f9e ?read w\ld n /& ! /ra94 ,= 8 fir/ ma*9e he made a ne$le po9t$ at bo? ends1 ) an eye 9 ! middle2 x 0 arrang$ to "w up & d[n1 c>ry+ ! ?read ?r\gh at ea* ?ru/4 ,x 0 only aft] m ?an a ye>'s "w ^u ?is device t he decid$ x w\ld n d4 ,?is fir/ attempt 0 a sort ( imitation ( sew+ by h&1 ! ma*9e foll[+ m or less ! movem5ts ( ! h&4 ,f9ally1 aft] repeat$ failures1 x became pla9 to him t some?+ radically diff]5t 0 ne$$1 & t !re mu/ be ano!r /it*1 & p]haps ano!r ne$le or half a doz5 ne$les1 9 su* a ma*9e4 ,he !n conceiv$ ! idea ( us+ two ?reads1 & mak+ ! /it* by means ( a %uttle & a curv$ ne$le ) ! eye ne> ! po9t4 ,?is 0 ! real solution ( ! problem4 ,9 ,octob]1 #ahdd1 he made a r\gh model ( 8 fir/ sew+-ma*9e1 all ( wood & wire1 & f\nd t x w\ld actually sew4 ,9 "o ( ! e>lie/ acc\nts ( ! inv5tion x is ?us describ$3 ,he us$ a ne$le & a %uttle ( novel con/ruction1 & comb9$ !m ) hold+ surfaces1 fe$ me*anism1 & o!r devices z !y _h nev] be=e be5 br\ght toge!r 9 "o ma*9e4444 ,"o ( ! pr9cipal features ( ,mr4 ,h[e's inv5tion is ! comb9ation ( a groov$ ne$le hav+ an eye ne> its po9t1 & vibrat+ 9 ! direction ( its l5g?1 ) a side-po9t$ %uttle = effect+ a lock$ /it*1 & =m+1 ) ! ?reads1 "o on ea* side ( ! clo?1 a firm & la/+ seam n easily ripp$4 ,mean:ile ,h[e _h giv5 up "w z a ma*9i/ & _h mov$ to 8 fa!r's h\se 9 ,cambridge1 :]e ! eld] ,h[e _h a %op = ! cutt+ ( palm-leaf us$ 9 ! manufacture ( hats4 ,"h ,elias & 8 little family liv$1 & 9 ! g>ret ! inv5tor put up a la! ^u :i* he made ! p>ts ( 8 sew+-ma*9e4 ,to provide = 8 family he did su* odd jobs z he c\ld f9d2 b x 0 h>d "w to get bread1 to say no?+ ( butt]1 & to make matt]s worse 8 fa!r lo/ 8 %op by fire4 ,elias knew t 8 sew+-ma*9e w\ld "w1 b he _h no money :]e) to buy ! mat]ials = a ma*9e ( /eel & iron1 & )\t su* a ma*9e he c\ld n hope to int]e/ capital 9 x4 ,he ne$$ at lea/ #ejj ) :i* to prove ! value ( 8 great inv5tion4 ,=tune ?rew 9 8 way a coal & wood deal] ( ,cambridge1 nam$ ,fi%]1 :o _h "s money4 ,fi%] lik$ ! inv5tion & agre$ to bo>d ,h[e & 8 family1 to give ,h[e a work%op 9 8 h\se1 & to advance ! #ejj necess>y = ! con/ruction ( a fir/ ma*9e4 ,9 return he 0 to become a half own] 9 ! pat5t %\ld ,h[e succe$ 9 obta9+ "o4 ,9 ,decemb]1 #ahdd1 ,h[e accord+ly mov$ into ,fi%]'s h\se1 & "h ! new m>vel 0 br\ght into ! _w4 ,all t w9t] ,h[e work$ ov] 8 device 9 ,fi%]'s g>ret1 mak+ _m *anges z un=ese5 difficulties arose4 ,he work$ all day1 & sometimes ne>ly all night1 succe$+ by ,april1 #ahde1 9 sew+ a seam f\r y>ds long ) 8 ma*9e4 ,by ! middle ( ,may ! ma*9e 0 complet$1 & 9 ,july ,h[e sew$ ) x ! seams ( two wooll5 suits1 "o = himself & ! o!r = ,fi%]2 ! sew+ 0 s well done t x promis$ to outla/ ! clo?4 ,= _m ye>s ?is ma*9e 0 exhibit$ 9 a %op 9 ,new ,york4 ,x %[$ h[ completely1 at really ! fir/ attempt1 ,h[e _h ma/]$ ! enorm\s difficulties 9 8 way4 ,its *ief features are ^? ^u :i* 7 f\nd$ all ! sew+-ma*9es t foll[$4 ,late 9 #ahde ,h[e obta9$ 8 fir/ pat5t & began to take means to introduce 8 sew+-ma*9e to ! public4 ,he fir/ (f]$ x to ! tailors ( ,bo/on1 :o admitt$ its usefulness1 b assur$ him t x w\ld nev] be adopt$1 z x w\ld ru9 _! trade4 ,o!r ef=ts 7 equally unsuccessful2 ! m p]fectly ! ma*9e did its "w1 ! m ob/9ate & det]m9$ seem$ to be ! resi/ance to x4 ,ev]yone admitt$ & prais$ ! +5uity ( ! inv5tion1 b no "o w\ld inve/ a doll> 9 x4 ,fi%] became di%e>t5$ & )drew f ! p>tn]%ip1 & ,h[e & 8 family mov$ back into 8 fa!r's h\se4 ,= a "t ! poor inv5tor ab&on$ 8 ma*9e & obta9$ a place z eng9e] on a railway1 driv+ a locomotive1 until 8 heal? entirely broke d[n4 ,=c$ to turn aga9 to 8 belov$ sew+-ma*9e = want ( any?+ bett] to d1 ,h[e decid$ to s5d 8 bro!r ,amasa to ,engl& ) a ma*9e4 ,amasa rea*$ ,london 9 ,octob]1 #ahdf1 & met a c]ta9 ,william ,?omas1 to :om he expla9$ ! inv5tion4 ,?omas 0 mu* impress$ ) its possibilities & (f]$ #a1bej = ! ma*9e & also to engage ,elias ,h[e at #ae a week if he w\ld ent] 8 bus9ess ( umbrella & corset mak]4 ,?is 0 at lea/ a livelihood to ! latt]1 & he sail$ = ,engl&1 :]e = ! next eight mon?s he work$ = ,?omas1 :om he f\nd an uncommonly h>d ma/]4 ,he 0 inde$ s h>%ly treat$ t1 al?\gh 8 wife & ?ree *ildr5 _h arriv$ 9 ,london1 he ?rew up 8 situation4 ,= a "t 8 condition 0 a pite\s "o4 ,he 0 9 a /range c\ntry1 )\t fri5ds or money4 ,= days at a "t ! little family 7 )\t m ?an cru/s to live ^u4 ,believ+ t he c\ld /ruggle along bett] alone1 ,h[e s5t 8 family home ) ! fir/ few doll>s t he c\ld obta9 f ! o!r side & rema9$ 9 ,london4 ,!re 7 c]ta9 ?+s :i* caus$ him to hope = bett] times ahead4 ,b su* hopes 7 delusive1 x seems1 & aft] "s mon?s ( h>d%ip he foll[$ 8 family to ?is c\ntry1 pawn+ 8 model & 8 pat5t pap]s 9 ord] to obta9 ! necess>y money = ! passage4 ,z he l&$ 9 ,new ,york ) less ?an a doll> 9 8 pocket1 he receiv$ news t 8 wife 0 dy+ ( consumption 9 ,cambridge4 ,he _h no money = travell+ by rail1 & he 0 too feeble to attempt ! j\rney on foot4 ,x took him "s days to obta9 ! money = 8 f>e to ,bo/on1 b he arriv$ 9 "t to be pres5t at ! dea?-b$ ( 8 wife4 ,be=e he c\ld recov] f ?is bl[ he _h news t ! %ip by :i* he _h s5t home ! few h\sehold goods /ill rema9+ to him _h gone to ! bottom4 ,?is 0 poor ,h[e's d>ke/ h\r4 ,o!rs _h se5 ! value ( ! sew+-ma*9e1 & dur+ 8 abs5ce 9 ,engl& sev]al imitations ( x _h be5 made & sold to great advantage by unscrupul\s me*anics1 :o _h paid no att5tion to ! rights ( ! inv5tor4 ,su* ma*9es 7 already spok5 ( z wond]s by ! newspap]s1 & 7 beg9n+ to be us$ 9 sev]al indu/ries4 ,h[e's pat5t 0 s /rong t x 0 n difficult to f9d money to def5d x1 once ! practical value ( ! inv5tion _h be5 well e/abli%$1 & 9 ,augu/1 #ahej1 he began sev]al suits to make 8 rights cle>4 ,at ! same "t he mov$ to ,new ,york1 :]e he began 9 a small way to manufacture ma*9es 9 p>tn]%ip ) a bus9ess man nam$ ,bliss1 :o und]took to sell !m4 ,x 0 n until ,h[e's rights to ! inv5tion _h be5 fully e/abli%$1 :i* 0 done by ! decision ( ,judge ,sprague1 9 #ahed1 t ! real value ( ! sew+-ma*9e z a money-mak+ v5ture began to be app>5t & ev5 !n its great importance 0 s little realiz$1 ev5 by ,bliss1 :o 0 9 ! bus9ess & di$ 9 #ahee1 t ,h[e 0 enabl$ to buy ! int]e/ ( 8 heirs = a small sum4 ,x 0 dur+ ^! ef=ts to introduce ! sew+-ma*9e t occurr$ :at 7 kn[n z ! sew+-ma*9e riots--di/urbances ( no special importance1 h[ev]--fom5t$ by labor lead]s 9 ! ,new ,york %ops 9 :i* *eap clo?+ 0 manufactur$4 ,h[e's sew+-ma*9e 0 d5\nc$ z a m5ace to ! ?\s&s ( m5 & wom5 :o work$ 9 ^! %ops1 & 9 sev]al e/abli%m5ts ! fir/ ,h[e ma*9es introduc$ 7 s injur$ by mis*iev\s p]sons z to ret>d ! success ( ! exp]im5t = ne>ly a ye>4 ,fail+ to /op _! introduction by su* means a public demon/ration aga9/ !m 0 organiz$ & = a "t ?reat5$ su* s]i\s tr\ble t "s ( ! l>ge %ops gave up ! use ( ! ma*9e2 b 9 small e/abli%m5ts employ+ b a few workm5 !y cont9u$ to be us$ & 7 soon f\nd to be s indisp5sable t all opposition fad$ away4 ,! pat5t suits =c$ ^u ,h[e by a numb] ( infr+]s 7 co/ly dra9s ^u ! inv5tor1 b 9 ! end all o!r manufactur]s 7 compell$ to pay tribute to him1 & 9 six ye>s 8 royalties grew f #cjj to m ?an #bjj1jjj a ye>4 ,9 #ahfc 8 royalties 7 e/imat$ at #d1jjj a day4 ,at ! ,p>is ,exposition ( #ahfg he 0 aw>d$ a gold m$al & ! ribbon ( ! ,legion ( ,honor4 ,h[e's heal?1 nev] /rong1 0 s ?or\ghly brok5 by ! ye>s ( /ruggle & h>d%ip he met ) :ile try+ to introduce 8 ma*9e t he nev] completely recov]$4 ,if honors & money 7 any com=t to him1 8 la/ ye>s mu/ h be5 happy ones1 = 8 inv5tion made him fam\s1 & he _h be5 en\gh ( a work+man to recognize ! bless+ he _h conf]r$ ^u millions ( wom5 releas$ f ! slav]y ( ! ne$le2 he _h answ]$ ,hood's ,song ( ! ,%irt4 ,he di$ on ,octob] #c1 #ahfg1 at 8 home 9 ,brooklyn1 ,n4,y4 ,^? :o knew ,h[e p]sonally speak ( him z r a h&some man1 ) a head some:at l ,frankl9's & a res]v$1 quiet mann]4 ,8 bitt] /ruggle aga9/ pov]ty & disease left its impress ^u him ev5 to ! la/4 ,"o trait frequ5tly m5tion$ 0 8 read9ess to f9d good po9ts 9 ! ?\s& & "o v>iations & sometimes improvem5ts ^u 8 inv5tion4 ,dur+ ! ye>s #aheh-fg1 :5 he di$1 !re 7 record$ ne>ly ?ree hundr$ pat5ts affect+ ! sew+-ma*9e1 tak5 out by o!r inv5tors4 ,h[e 0 always ready to help along su* improvem5ts by advice & (t5 by money4 ,he f\ght /urdily = 8 rights1 b once ^? conc$$ he 0 a g5]\s rival4 ,v4 ,,samuel ,f4,b4 ,,morse4 ,illu/ration3 ,bir?place ( ,s4,f4,b4 ,morse1 ,built #agge4 ,samuel ,f9ley ,breese ,morse 0 ! elde/ son ( ! ,rev4 ,j$$iah ,morse1 an em95t ,new ,engl& div9e4 ,! ,rev4 ,samuel ,f9ley1 ,d4,d41 second presid5t ( ! ,college ( ,new ,j]sey1 ,pr9ceton1 0 8 mat]nal great-gr&fa!r1 aft] :om he 0 nam$4 ,breese 0 ! maid5 "n ( 8 "m4 ,! fam\s inv5tor ( ! telegraph 0 born at ! foot ( ,bre$'s ,hill1 ,*>le/[n1 ,mass41 ,april #bg1 #agia4 ,dr4 ,belknap1 ( ,bo/on1 writ+ to ,po/ma/]-,g5]al ,haz>d1 ,new ,york1 says3 ,congratulate ! ,monm\? judge 7,mr4 ,breese1 ! gr&fa!r7 on ! bir? ( a gr&son4 ,next ,sunday he is to be load$ ) names1 n q s _m z ! ,spani% ambassador :o sign$ ! treaty ( peace ( #aghc1 b only f\r4 ,z to ! *ild1 ,i saw him asleep1 s c say no?+ ( 8 eye1 or 8 g5ius peep+ ?r\gh x4 ,he may h ! sagacity ( a ,jewi% rabbi1 or ! pr(undity ( a ,calv91 or ! sublimity ( a ,hom] = aught ,i "k1 b "t w br+ =? all ?+s4 ,j$$iah ,morse /udi$ !ology "u ! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,jona?an ,edw>ds4 ,be=e he began prea*+1 & :ile tea*+ s*ool 9 ,new ,hav51 he began 8 ,am]ican ,geography1 :i* 0 aft]w>d ind5tifi$ ) 8 "n4 ,he began 8 m9i/ry at ,norwi*1 :5ce he 0 call$ back to be tutor 9 ,yale4 ,8 heal? 0 inadequate to ! "w & he w5t to ,georgia1 return+ to ,*>le/[n1 ,mass41 z pa/or ( ! ,fir/ ,congregational ,*ur*1 on ! day t ,wa%+ton 0 inaugurat$ z ,presid5t 9 ,new ,york1 ,april #cj1 #aghi4 ,dr4 ,eliot1 speak+ ( ,j$$iah ,morse1 said3 ,:at an a/oni%+ impetus t man has6 ,presid5t ,dwight said3 ,he is z full ( res\rces z an egg is ( meat4 ,daniel ,web/] spoke ( him z always ?9k+1 always writ+1 always talk+1 always act+4 ,illu/ration3 ,s4,f4,b4 ,morse4 ,morse's "m1 ,elizabe? ,anne ,breese1 came ( good ,scot*-,iri% /ock4 ,%e 0 m>ri$ to ,j$$iah ,morse 9 #aghi1 & 0 not$ z a calm1 judici\s1 & ?9k+ woman1 ) a w ( h] own4 ,:5 ! *ild1 ,samuel ,f4,b4 ,morse1 0 f\r ye>s old he 0 s5t to s*ool to an old lady )9 a few hundr$ y>ds ( ! p>sonage4 ,%e 0 an invalid1 unable to leave h] *air1 & gov]n$ h] unruly flock ) a long rattan :i* rea*$ across ! small room 9 :i* x 0 ga!r$4 ,"o ( h] puni%m5ts 0 p9n+ ! culprit to h] own dress1 & ,morse rem>ks t 8 fir/ attempts at draw+ 7 disc\rag$ 9 ?is fa%ion4 ,p]haps ! fact t he select$ ! old lady's face z a model _h some?+ to d ) x4 ,at ! age ( sev5 he 0 s5t to s*ool at ,&ov]1 :]e he 0 fitt$ = ent]+ ,phillips ,academy1 & prep>$ "h = ,yale1 jo9+ ! class ( #ahjg4 ,:5 he 0 ?irte5 ye>s old1 at ,&ov]1 he wrote a sket* ( ,demo/h5es & s5t x to 8 fa!r1 by :om x 0 pres]v$ z a m>k ( ! le>n+ & ta/e ( ! *ild4 ,dr4 ,timo?y ,dwight 0 !n presid5t ( ,yale & a w>m fri5d ( ! eld] ,morse4 ,f9ley ,morse1 z he 0 !n kn[n1 receiv$ !re=e ! deep p]sonal int]e/ ( ,dr4 ,dwight4 ,j]emiah ,day 0 pr(essor ( natural philosophy 9 ,yale ,college1 & "u 8 in/ruction ,morse began ! /udy ( electricity1 receiv+ p]haps ^? impressions t 7 de/9$ to produce s great an influ5ce ^u him &1 ?r\gh him1 ^u ?is c5tury4 ,pr(essor ,day 0 !n "y & ard5t 9 ! pursuit ( sci5ce1 k9dl+ readily ! en?usiasm ( 8 /ud5ts4 ,he aft]w>d became presid5t ( ! college4 ,!re 0 at ! same "t 9 ! faculty ,b5jam9 ,silliman1 :o 0 pr(essor ( *emi/ry1 & ne> :om ,morse resid$ = sev]al ye>s4 ,ye>s aft]w>d ! te/imony ( ,pr(essors ,day & ,silliman 0 giv5 9 c\rt1 :5 x 0 important1 9 ! def5ce ( 8 claim to priority 9 ! inv5tion ( ! telegraph4 ,?r\gh !m ,morse 0 able to %[ t he 0 e>ly int]e/$ 9 ! /udy ( *emi/ry & electricity4 ,dur+ ?is litigation ,morse did n "k t !re 7 scores ( lett]s1 writt5 by him z a "y /ud5t to 8 fa!r1 among ! pap]s ( ,dr ,j$$iah ,morse1 t w\ld h %[n conclusively 8 int]e/ & aptitude 9 ^! /udies4 ,! pap]s 7 br\ght to light :5 ! life ( ,morse by ,prime came to be writt54 ,! fir/ "p ( ,morse's life 0 devot$ to art4 ,at a v e>ly age he %[$ 8 ta/e 9 ?is direction1 & at ! age ( fifte5 pa9t$ a fairly good picture 9 wat] colors ( a room 9 8 fa!r's h\se1 ) 8 p>5ts1 himself1 & two bro!rs ar\nd a table4 ,?is picture us$ to hang 9 8 home 9 ,new ,york by ! side ( 8 la/ pa9t+4 ,f t "t 8 desire to become an arti/ haunt$ him ?r\gh 8 collegiate life4 ,9 ,febru>y1 #ahaa1 he pa9t$ a picture1 n[ 9 ! (fice ( ! mayor ( ,*>le/[n1 ,mass41 depict+ ! l&+ ( ! ,pilgrims at ,plym\?1 :i*1 ) a l&scape pa9t$ at ab\t ! same "t1 decid$ 8 fa!r1 by ! advice ( ,/u>t1 to p]mit him to visit ,europe ) ,wa%+ton ,all/on4 ,he bore lett]s to ,we/ & to ,copley1 f bo? ( :om he receiv$ ! k9de/ att5tion & enc\ragem5t4 ,z a te/ = 8 fitness = a place z /ud5t 9 ! ,royal ,academy1 ,morse made a draw+ f a small ca/ ( ! ,f>nese ,h]cules4 ,he took ?is to ,we/1 :o exam9$ ! draw+ c>efully & h&$ x back1 say+3 ,v well1 sir1 v well2 g on & f9i% x4 ,x is f9i%$1 said ! expectant /ud5t4 ,oh1 no1 said ! presid5t4 ,look "h1 & "h1 & "h1 po9t+ out _m unf9i%$ places :i* _h escap$ ! eye ( ! "y arti/4 ,morse quickly obs]v$ ! defects1 sp5t a week 9 fur!r p]fect+ 8 draw+1 & !n took x to ,we/1 confid5t t x 0 above criticism4 ,! v5]able presid5t ( ! ,academy be/[$ m praise ?an be=e &1 ) a pleasant smile1 h&$ x back to ,morse1 say+3 ,v well1 inde$1 sir4 ,g on & f9i% x4 ,is x n f9i%$8 inquir$ ! almo/ disc\rag$ /ud5t4 ,see1 said ,we/1 y h n m>k$ t muscle1 nor ! articulation ( ! f+]-jo9ts4 ,?ree days m 7 sp5t ^u ! draw+1 :5 x 0 tak5 back to ! implacable critic4 ,v clev]1 inde$1 said ,we/2 v clev]4 ,n[ g on & f9i% x4 ,i _c f9i% x1 ,morse repli$1 :5 ! old man1 patt+ him on ! %\ld]1 said3 ,well1 ,i h tri$ y long en\gh4 ,n[1 sir1 y h le>n$ m by ?is draw+ ?an y w\ld h accompli%$ 9 d\ble ! "t by a doz5 half-f9i%$ beg9n+s4 ,x is n _m draw+s1 b ! "* ( "o :i* makes a ?or\gh draughtsman4 ,f9i% "o picture1 sir1 & y are a pa9t]4 ,morse he$$ ?is advice4 ,he w5t to "w ) ,all/on1 & enc\rag$ by ! vet]an1 ,copley1 he began ^u a l>ge picture = exhibition 9 ! ,royal ,academy1 *oos+ z 8 subject ,! ,dy+ ,h]cules4 ,he modell$ 8 figure 9 clay1 z ! be/ ( ! old pa9t]s did4 ,x 0 8 fir/ attempt 9 ! sculptor's art4 ,! ca/ 0 made 9 pla/] & tak5 to ,we/1 :o 0 delight$ ) x4 ,?is model cont5d$ = ! prize ( a gold m$al (f]$ by ! ,society ( ,arts = ! be/ orig9al ca/ ( a s+le figure1 & won x4 ,9 ! l>ge room ( ! ,london ,adelphi1 9 ! pres5ce ( ! ,briti% nobility1 =eign ambassadors1 & di/+ui%$ /rang]s1 ! ,duke ( ,norfolk publicly pres5t$ ! m$al to ,morse on ,may #ac1 #ahac4 ,at ! same "t ! pa9t+ f ?is model1 !n on exhibition at ! ,royal ,academy1 receiv$ great praise f ! critics1 :o plac$ ,! ,dy+ ,h]cules among ! fir/ twelve pictures 9 a collection ( almo/ two ?\s&4 ,?is 0 an extraord9>y success = s "y a man1 & ,morse det]m9$ to try = ! highe/ prize (f]$ by ! ,royal ,academy = ! be/ hi/orical composition1 ! decision to be made 9 #ahae4 ,= t purpose he produc$ 8 ,judgm5t ( ,jupit] 9 ,july ( t ye>4 ,we/ assur$ him t x w\ld take ! prize1 b ,morse 0 unable to comply ) ! rules ( ! ,academy1 :i* requir$ ! victor to receive ! m$al 9 p]son4 ,8 fa!r _h summon$ him home4 ,we/ urg$ ! ,academy to make an exception 9 8 case1 b x c\ld n be done1 & ! "y pa9t] _h to be cont5t$ ) 8 assurances t he w\ld c]ta9ly h won ! prize 7a gold m$al & #bej7 _h he rema9$4 ,we/ 0 always k9d to ,am]icans1 & ,morse 0 a favorite ) him4 ,"o day1 :5 ! v5]able pa9t] 0 at "w ^u 8 great picture1 ,*ri/ ,reject$1 aft] c>efully exam9+ ,morse's h&s & not+ _! beauty1 he said3 ,let me tie y ) ?is cord & take t place :ile ,i pa9t 9 ! h&s ( ! ,savi\r4 ,?is 0 done1 & :5 he releas$ ! "y arti/1 he said to him3 ,y may n[ say1 if y please1 t y _h a h& 9 ?is picture4 ,a numb] ( not$ ,engli% arti/s--,turn]1 ,nor?cote1 ,sir ,james ,lawr5ce1 ,flaxman--& lit]>y m5--,col]idge1 ,wordswor?1 ,rog]s1 & ,crabbe among !m--7 attract$ by "y ,morse's pr(ici5cy & pleasant mann]s1 & :5 9 ,augu/1 #ahae1 he pack$ 8 picture1 ,! ,judgm5t ( ,jupit]1 & sail$ = home1 he bore ) him ! good wi%es ( "s ( ,engl&'s mo/ di/+ui%$ m54 ,:5 ,morse rea*$ ,bo/on1 al?\gh b tw5ty-f\r ye>s old1 he f\nd t fame _h prec$$ him4 ,8 pre/ige 0 su* t he set up 8 easel ) high hopes & fair prospects = ! future1 bo? de/9$ soon to be dispell$4 ,! ta/e ( ,am]ica _h n ris5 to ! appreciation ( hi/orical pictures4 ,8 orig9al compositions & 8 excell5t copies ( ! ma/]pieces ( ! ,old ,_w excit$ ! admiration ( cultur$ p1 b no ord]s 7 giv5 = !m4 ,he left ,bo/on almo/ p5niless aft] hav+ wait$ = mon?s = patronage1 & det]m9$ to try to e>n 8 bread by pa9t+ ! portraits ( p 9 ! rural di/ricts ( ,new ,engl&1 :]e 8 fa!r's "n 0 a h\sehold ^w4 ,dur+ ! autumn ( #ahaf & ! w9t] ( #ahaf-ahag he visit$ sev]al t[ns 9 ,new ,hamp%ire & ,v]mont1 pa9t+ portraits 9 ,walpole1 ,hanov]1 ,w9dsor1 ,portsm\?1 & ,concord4 ,he receiv$ ! mode/ sum ( #ae = ea* portrait4 ,f ,concord1 ,n4,h41 he writes to 8 p>5ts3 ,i am /ill "h 7,augu/ #af?7 & am pass+ my "t v agreeably4 ,i h pa9t$ five portraits at #ae ea*1 & h two m engag$ & _m talk$ (4 ,i ?9k ,i %all get along well4 ,i believe ,i c\ld make an indep5d5t =tune 9 a few ye>s if ,i devot$ myself exclusively to portraits1 s great is ! desire = good portraits 9 ! diff]5t c\ntry t[ns4 ,he d\btless 0 c&id :5 he wrote t he 0 pass+ 8 "t 9 ,concord v agreeably1 = x 0 "h t he met ,lucretia ,p4 ,walk]1 :o 0 acc\nt$ ! mo/ beautiful & accompli%$ "y lady ( ! t[n1 :om ,morse subsequ5tly m>ri$4 ,%e 0 a "y woman ( great p]sonal lovel9ess & r>e good s5se4 ,! "y arti/ 0 attract$ by h] beauty1 h] sweetness ( temp]1 & high intellectual qualities4 ,all ! lett]s t %e wrote to him be=e & aft] _! m>riage he c>efully pres]v$1 & ^! are witnesses to h] intellig5ce1 education1 t5d]ness ( feel+1 & admirable fitness to be ! wife ( su* a man4 ,gradually ,morse's portraits became s mu* 9 dem& t he 0 enabl$ to increase 8 price to #fj1 & z he pa9t$ f\r a week ^u ! av]age1 & receiv$ a good deal ( money dur+ a t\r 9 ! ,s\?1 he 0 enabl$ to return to ,new ,engl& 9 #ahah ) #c1jjj1 & to m>ry ,miss ,walk] on ,octob] #f? ( t ye>4 ,! fir/ ye>s ( ,morse's m>ri$ life 7 pass$ 9 ,*>le/on1 ,s4,c41 aft] :i* he return$ to ,new ,engl&1 & hav+ laid by "s little capital1 he took up aga9 :at he deem$ to be 8 real vocation--! pa9t+ ( great hi/orical pictures4 ,8 fir/ v5ture 9 ?is direction 0 an exhibition picture ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives at ,wa%+ton4 ,z a bus9ess v5ture x 0 disa/r\s1 & result$ 9 ! loss ( eighte5 mon?s ( preci\s "t4 ,x 0 f9ally sold to an ,engli%man4 ,!n began ,morse's life 9 ,new ,york4 ,?r\gh ! influ5ce ( ,isaac ,lawr5ce he obta9$ a commission f ! city au?orities ( ,new ,york to pa9t a full-l5g? portrait ( ,lafayette1 :o 0 !n 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,he _h j complet$ 8 /udy f life 9 ,wa%+ton 9 ,febru>y1 #ahbe1 :5 he receiv$ ! news ( ! dea? ( 8 wife4 ,a little m ?an a ye> aft]w>d bo? 8 fa!r & "m di$4 ,!nce=w>d 8 *ildr5 & art absorb$ 8 affections4 ,he 0 an arti/1 he>t & s\l1 & 8 pr(essional bre?r5 soon _h good reason to be grateful to him4 ,! ,am]ican ,academy ( ,f9e ,arts1 !n "u ! presid5cy ( ,colonel ,john ,trumbull1 0 9 a langui%+ /ate & ( little use to arti/s4 ,! mo/ advanc$ ( its memb]s felt ! ne$ ( relief1 & a few ( !m met at ,morse's rooms to discuss _! tr\bles4 ,at t meet+ ,morse propos$ ! =mation ( a new society ( arti/s1 & at a meet+ held at ! ,new ,york ,hi/orical ,society's rooms ! ,new ,york ,draw+ ,association 0 organiz$1 ) ,morse z its presid5t4 ,trumbull endeavor$ to compel ! new society to pr(ess allegiance to ! academy1 b ,morse prote/$1 & ?anks to 8 advice1 on ,janu>y #ah1 #ahbf1 a new art association 0 organiz$ "u ! "n ( ! ,national ,academy ( ,design4 ,morse 0 its fir/ presid5t1 & = sixte5 ye>s he 0 annually elect$ to t (fice4 ,! fri5ds ( ! old academy 7 wra?ful & assail$ ! new association4 ,a w> ( words1 9 :i* ,morse act$ z ! *ampion ( ! new society1 0 wag$ until victory 0 conc$$ to ! re=m]s4 ,?us ,morse inaugurat$ a new era 9 ! hi/ory ( ! f9e arts 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,he wrote1 talk$1 lectur$ incessantly = ! advancem5t ( art & ! ,academy ( ,design4 ,illu/ration3 ,"u ,side ( a ,mod]n ,swit*bo>d1 %[+ #b1jjj ,wires4 ,9 #ahbi ,morse made a second visit to ,europe1 :]e he 0 w>mly welcom$ & honor$ by ! ,royal ,academy4 ,dur+ ?ree ye>s or m he liv$ 9 cont95tal cities1 /udy+ ! ,l\vre 9 ,p>is & mak+ ( ! fam\s gall]y an exhibition picture :i* conta9$ ab\t fifty m9iatures ( ! works 9 t collection4 ,9 ,novemb]1 #ahcb1 he 0 back aga9 9 ,new ,york1 ) high hopes z to 8 future4 ,all/on1 writ+ to ,dunlap 9 #ahcd1 said3 ,i rejoice to he> y\r report ( ,morse's advance 9 8 art4 ,i "k :at is 9 him p]haps bett] ?an anyone else4 ,if he w only br+ out all t is !re he w %[ p>ts t _m n[ d n dream (4 ,= sev]al ye>s ! ?\ghts ( ! arti/ ,morse _h be5 busy ) a matt] :olly outside ( 8 *os5 doma94 ,"s lectures on electro-magnetism by 8 intimate fri5d1 ,judge ,freeman ,dana1 giv5 at ! ,a!num :ile ,morse 0 also lectur+ !re on ! f9e arts1 _h greatly int]e/$ him 9 ! subject1 & he le>n$ mu* 9 conv]sation ) ,dana4 ,:ile on 8 second visit to ,europe ,morse made himself acqua9t$ ) ! labors ( sci5tific m5 9 _! endeavors to communicate intellig5ce betwe5 f>-di/ant places by means ( electro-magnetism1 & he saw an electro-magnet signall+ in/rum5t 9 op]ation4 ,he knew t s e>ly z #afdi a ,jesuit prie/ _h prophesi$ an electric telegraph1 & t = half a c5tury or m /ud5ts _h p>tially succe$$ 9 attempts ( ?is k9d4 ,b no practical telegraph _h yet be5 inv5t$4 ,9 #aggd ,le ,sage made an electro-signall+ in/rum5t ) tw5ty-f\r wires1 "o = ea* lett] ( ! alphabet4 ,9 #ahbe ,/urgeon inv5t$ an electro-magnet4 ,9 #ahcj ,pr(essor ,h5ry increas$ ! magnetic =ce t ,morse aft]w>d us$4 ,on bo>d ! %ip ,sully1 9 :i* ,morse sail$ f ,havre to ,new ,york1 9 ! autumn ( #ahcb1 ! rec5t discov]y 9 ,france ( ! means ( obta9+ an electric sp>k f a magnet 0 a favorite topic ( conv]sation among ! pass5g]s1 & x 0 dur+ ! voyage t ,morse conceiv$ ! idea ( an electro-magnetic & *emical record+ telegraph4 ,be=e he rea*$ ,new ,york he _h made draw+s & specifications ( 8 conception1 :i* he exhibit$ to 8 fell[ pass5g]s4 ,few great inv5tions t h made _! au?ors immortal 7 s completely grasp$ at inception z ?is4 ,morse 0 accu/om$ to keep small note-books 9 :i* to make records ( 8 "w1 & scores ( ^! books are /ill 9 exi/5ce4 ,z he sat ^u ! deck ( ! ,sully1 "o night aft] d9n]1 he drew f 8 pocket "o ( ^! books & began to make m>ks1 to repres5t lett]s & figures to be produc$ by electricity at a di/ance4 ,! me*anism by :i* ! results 7 to be rea*$ 0 wr\ght out by sl[ & labori\s ?\ght1 b ! vision z a :ole 0 cle>4 ,! curr5t ( electricity pass$ in/antane\sly to any di/ance along a wire1 b ! curr5t be+ int]rupt$1 a sp>k appe>$4 ,?is sp>k repres5t$ "o sign2 its abs5ce ano!r2 ! "t ( its abs5ce /ill ano!r4 ,"h are ?ree signs to be comb9$ into ! repres5tation ( figures or lett]s4 ,!y c be made to =m an alphabet4 ,words may ?us be indicat$4 ,a telegraph1 an in/rum5t to record at a di/ance1 w result4 ,cont95ts %all be cross$4 ,?is great & wide sea %all be no b>ri]4 ,if x w g t5 miles )\t /opp+1 he said1 ,i c make x g ar\nd ! globe4 ,he work$ incessantly all t next day & c\ld n sleep at night 9 8 b]?4 ,9 a few days he submitt$ "s r\gh drafts ( 8 inv5tion to ,william ,c4 ,rives1 ( ,virg9ia1 :o 0 return+ f ,p>is1 :]e he _h be5 m9i/] ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,mr4 ,rives sugge/$ v>i\s difficulties1 ov] :i* ,morse sp5t sev]al sleepless nights1 ann\nc+ 9 ! morn+ at breakfa/-table ! new devices by :i* he propos$ to accompli% ! task be=e him4 ,he exhibit$ a draw+ ( ! in/rum5t :i* he said w\ld d ! "w1 & s completely _h he ma/]$ all ! details t five ye>s aft]w>d1 :5 a model ( ?is in/rum5t 0 con/ruct$1 x 0 in/antly recogniz$ z ! "o he _h devis$ & drawn 9 8 sket*-book & exhibit$ to 8 fell[ pass5g]s on ! %ip4 ,9 view ( subsequ5t claims made by a fell[ pass5g] to ! honor ( hav+ sugge/$ ! telegraph1 ^! details are int]e/+ & important4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,fir/ ,telegraphic ,in/rum5t1 z ,exhibit$ 9 #ahcg by ,morse4 ,circum/ances delay$ ! con/ruction ( a record+ telegraph by ,morse1 b ! subject slumb]$ 9 8 m9d4 ,dur+ 8 abs5ce abroad he _h be5 elect$ pr(essor ( ! lit]ature ( ! arts ( design1 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ! ,city ( ,new ,york1 & ?is "w occupi$ 8 att5tion = "s "t4 ,?ree ye>s aft]w>d1 9 ,novemb]1 #ahce1 he complet$ a rude telegraph in/rum5t--! fir/ record+ app>atus2 b x embodi$ ! me*anical pr9ciple n[ 9 use ! _w ov]4 ,8 :ole plan 0 n complet$ until ,july1 #ahcg1 :5 by means ( two in/rum5ts he 0 able to communicate f z well z to a di/ant po9t4 ,9 ,septemb] hundr$s ( p saw ! new in/rum5t 9 op]ation at ! univ]sity1 mo/ ( :om look$ ^u x z a sci5tific toy con/ruct$ by an un=tunate dream]4 ,! foll[+ ye> ! inv5tion 0 suffici5tly p]fect$ to enable ,morse to direct ! att5tion ( ,congress to x & ask its aid 9 ! con/ruction ( an exp]im5tal l9e betwe5 ,wa%+ton & ,baltimore4 ,late 9 ! long session ( #ahch he appe>$ be=e t body ) 8 in/rum5t4 ,be=e leav+ ,new ,york ) x he _h invit$ a few fri5ds to see x "w4 ,n[ began 9 ! life ( ,morse a p]iod ( ye>s dur+ :i* 8 :ole "t 0 devot$ to conv9c+ ! _w1 fir/1 t 8 electric telegraph w\ld really communicate messages1 &1 secondly1 t if x work$ at all1 x 0 ( great practical value4 ,/range to say t ?is requir$ any argum5t at all4 ,b t 9 ^? days x did may be inf]r$ f ! fact t ,morse c\ld !n f9d no help f> or ne>4 ,8 inv5tion 0 reg>d$ z int]e/+1 b ( no importance ei!r sci5tifically or comm]cially4 ,9 ,wa%+ton1 :]e he fir/ w5t1 he f\nd s little enc\ragem5t t he w5t to ,europe ) ! hope ( draw+ ! att5tion ( =eign gov]nm5ts to ! advantages1 & ( secur+ pat5ts = ! inv5tion2 he _h fil$ a caveat at ! ,pat5t ,(fice 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,8 mission 0 a failure4 ,engl& refus$ him a pat5t1 & ,france gave him only a useless pap] :i* assur$ = him no special privileges4 ,he return$ home disappo9t$ b n disc\rag$1 & wait$ f\r ye>s long] be=e he aga9 attempt$ to int]e/ ,congress 9 8 inv5tion4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,mod]n ,morse ,telegraph4 ,?is extraord9>y /ruggle la/$ twelve ye>s1 dur+ :i*1 ) 8 m9d absorb$ 9 "o idea & yet almo/ :olly dep5d5t = bread ^u 8 pr(ession z an arti/1 x 0 impossible to pursue art ) ! en?usiasm & indu/ry ess5tial to success4 ,8 situation 0 =lorn 9 ! extreme4 ,! fa!r ( ?ree little *ildr51 n[ mo!rless1 8 pecuni>y means exhau/$ by 8 resid5ce 9 ,europe1 & unable to pursue art )\t sacrific+ 8 inv5tion1 he 0 at 8 wits' ends4 ,he _h visions ( usefulness by ! inv5tion ( a telegraph t %\ld br+ ! cont95ts ( ! e>? into int]c\rse4 ,he 0 poor & knew t weal? z well z fame 0 )9 8 rea*4 ,he _h long receiv$ assi/ance f 8 fa!r & bro!rs :5 8 pr(ession did n supply ! ne$$ means ( support = himself & family2 b x seem$ l robb]y to take ! money ( o!rs = exp]im5ts1 ! success ( :i* he c\ld n expect !m to believe 9 until he c\ld give practical evid5ce t ! in/rum5t w\ld d ! "w propos$4 ,x 0 ! old /ory ( g5ius cont5d+ ) pov]ty4 ,8 bro!rs com=t$1 enc\rag$1 & *e]$ him4 ,9 ! h\se ( 8 bro!r ,ri*>d he f\nd a home & ! t5d] c>e t he requir$4 ,sidney1 ! o!r bro!r1 also help$ him4 ,on ! corn] ( ,nassau & ,beekman ,/reets1 n[ ! site ( ! h&some ,morse ,build+1 8 bro!rs erect$ a build+ :]e 7 ! (fices ( ! newspap] ( :i* !y 7 ! editors & proprietors4 ,9 ! fif? /ory ( ?is build+ a room 0 assign$ to him :i* 0 = sev]al ye>s 8 /udio1 b$room1 p>lor1 kit*51 & work%op4 ,on "o side ( ! room /ood a little cot on :i* he slept 9 ! brief h\rs :i* he all[$ himself = repose4 ,on ! o!r side /ood 8 la! ) :i* ! inv5tor turn$ ! brass app>atus necess>y 9 ! con/ruction ( 8 in/rum5ts4 ,he _h1 ) 8 own h&s1 fir/ :ittl$ ! model2 !n he made ! m\lds = ! ca/+s4 ,"h 7 br\ght to him1 day by day1 crack]s & ! simple/ food1 by :i*1 ) tea prep>$ by himself1 he su/a9$ life :ile he toil$ incessantly to give be+ to ! idea t possess$ him4 ,illu/ration3 ,morse ,mak+ 8 own ,in/rum5t4 7,f ,prime's ,life ( ,morse47 ,be=e leav+ = ,europe he _h suff]$ a great disappo9tm5t z an arti/4 ,! gov]nm5t _h (f]$ to ,am]ican arti/s1 to be select$ by a committee ( ,congress1 commissions to pa9t pictures = ! panels 9 ! rotunda ( ! ,capitol4 ,morse 0 anxi\s to be employ$ ^u "o or m ( !m4 ,he 0 ! presid5t ( ! ,national ,academy ( ,design1 & !re 0 an em95t fitness 9 call+ him to ?is national "w4 ,all/on urg$ ! appo9tm5t ( ,morse4 ,john ,qu9cy ,adams1 !n a memb] ( ! ,h\se & on ! committee to :om ?is subject 0 ref]r$1 submitt$ a resolution 9 ! ,h\se t =eign arti/s be all[$ to compete = ^! commissions1 & 9 support alleg$ t !re 7 no ,am]ican arti/s compet5t to execute ! pa9t+s4 ,?is gave great & j (f5ce to ! arti/s & ! public4 ,a sev]e reply to ,adams appe>$ 9 ! ,new ,york ,ev5+ ,po/4 ,x 0 writt5 by ,james ,f5imore ,coop]1 b x 0 attribut$ to ,morse1 ^: p5 0 well kn[n to be skillful1 & 9 consequ5ce 8 "n 0 reject$ by ! committee4 ,he nev] recov]$ fully f ! effects ( t bl[4 ,=ty ye>s aft]w>d he c\ld n speak ( x )\t emotion4 ,he _h consecrat$ ye>s ( 8 life to ! prep>ation = j su* "w4 ,x 0 well = him & = 8 c\ntry & ! _w t ! arti/ 9 ,morse 0 disappo9t$4 ,f pa9t] he became inv5tor1 & f t "t until ! _w ackn[l$g$ ! greatness & importance ( 8 inv5tion he turn$ n back4 ,8 appo9tm5t z pr(essor 9 ! ,city ,univ]sity entitl$ him to c]ta9 rooms 9 ! ,univ]sity ,build+ look+ out ^u ,wa%+ton ,squ>e1 & "h ! fir/ work+ models ( ! telegraph 7 br\ght into exi/5ce4 ,!re1 he says1 ,i imm$iately comm5c$1 ) v limit$ means1 to exp]im5t ^u my inv5tion4 ,my fir/ in/rum5t 0 made up ( an old picture or canvas frame fa/5$ to a table2 ! :eels ( an old wood5 clock1 mov$ by a weight to c>ry ! pap] =w>d2 ?ree wood5 drums1 ^u "o ( :i* ! pap] 0 w\nd & pass$ ov] ! o!r two2 a wood5 p5dulum susp5d$ to ! top piece ( ! picture or /ret*+ frame & vibrat+ across ! pap] z x passes ov] ! c5tre wood5 drum2 a p5cil at ! l[] end ( ! p5dulum1 9 contact ) ! pap]2 an electro-magnet fa/5$ to a %elf across ! picture or /ret*+ frame1 opposite to an armature made fa/ to ! p5dulum2 a type rule & type = break+ ! circuit1 re/+ on an endless b&1 compos$ ( c>pet-b9d+1 :i* pass$ ov] two wood5 roll]s mov$ by a wood5 crank4 ,illu/ration3 ,tra9 ,telegraph--! message transmitt$ by induction f ! mov+ tra9 to ! s+le wire4 ,illu/ration3 ,int]ior ( a ,c> on ! ,lehigh ,valley ,railroad1 %[+ ! ,me?od ( ,op]at+ ! ,tra9 ,telegraph4 ,up to ! autumn ( #ahcg my telegraphic app>atus exi/$ 9 s rude a =m t ,i felt a reluctance to h x se54 ,my means 7 v limit$--s limit$ z to preclude ! possibility ( con/ruct+ an app>atus ( su* me*anical f9i% z to w>rant my success 9 v5tur+ ^u its public exhibition4 ,i _h no wi% to expose to ridicule ! repres5tative ( s _m h\rs ( labori\s ?\ght4 ,prior to ! summ] ( #ahcg1 at :i* "t ,mr4 ,alfr$ ,vail's att5tion became attract$ to my telegraph1 ,i dep5d$ ^u my p5cil = subsi/5ce4 ,inde$1 s /rait5$ 7 my circum/ances t1 9 ord] to save "t to c>ry out my inv5tion & to economize my scanty means1 ,i _h = _m mon?s lodg$ & eat5 9 my /udio1 procur+ my food 9 small quantities f "s groc]y & prep>+ x myself4 ,to conceal f my fri5ds ! /9t$ mann] 9 :i* ,i liv$1 ,i 0 9 ! habit ( br++ my food to my room 9 ! ev5+s1 & ?is 0 my mode ( life = _m ye>s4 ,be=e ! telegraph 0 actually tri$ & practis$ ! cumb]some piano-key bo>d devis$ by ,morse 9 8 fir/ exp]im5ts 0 done away ) & ! simple device ( a s+le key1 ) :i* we are all famili>1 0 adopt$4 ,meantime ,morse 0 practically ab&on+ art4 ,8 fri5ds among ! pr(ession _h subscrib$ #c1jjj 9 ord] to enable him to pa9t ! picture he _h 9 m9d :5 he appli$ = ! gov]nm5t "w at ,wa%+ton1 ,! ,sign+ ( ! ,fir/ ,compact on ,bo>d ! ,mayfl[]1 & he und]took ! commission 9 #ahch1 only to give x up 9 #ahda & to return to ! subscrib]s ! am\nt paid ) int]e/4 ,illu/ration3 ,diagram %[+ ! ,me?od ( ,telegraph+ f a ,mov+ ,tra9 by ,induction4 ,:ile ,morse _h be5 9 ,p>is1 9 #ahci1 he _h he>d ( ,dagu]re1 :o _h discov]$ ! me?od ( fix+ ! image ( ! cam]a1 :i* feat 0 !n creat+ a great s5sation among sci5tific m54 ,pr(essor ,morse 0 anxi\s to see ! results ( ?is discov]y be=e leav+ ,p>is1 & ! ,am]ican consul1 ,rob]t ,wal%1 arrang$ an int]view betwe5 ! two inv5tors4 ,dagu]re promis$ to s5d to ,morse a copy ( ! descriptive publication :i* he int5d$ to make s soon z a p5sion he expect$ f ! ,fr5* ,gov]nm5t = ! disclosure ( 8 discov]y %\ld be secur$4 ,he kept 8 promise1 & ,morse 0 probably ! fir/ recipi5t ( ! pamphlet 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,f ! draw+s x conta9$ he con/ruct$ ! fir/ photographic app>atus made 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & f a back w9d[ 9 ! ,univ]sity ,build+ he obta9$ a good repres5tation ( ! t[] ( ! ,*ur* ( ! ,messiah on ,broadway4 ,?is possesses an hi/orical int]e/ z be+ ! fir/ photograph 9 ,am]ica4 ,x 0 on a plate ! size ( a play+-c>d4 ,) ,pr(essor ,j4,w4 ,drap]1 9 a /udio built on ! ro( ( ! ,univ]sity1 he succe$$ 9 tak+ lik5esses ( ! liv+ human face4 ,8 subjects 7 compell$ to sit fifte5 m9utes 9 ! bright sunlight1 ) _! eyes clos$1 ( c\rse4 ,pr(essor ,drap] %ort5$ ! process & 0 ! fir/ to take portraits ) ! eyes op54 ,at ! session ( ,congress ( #ahdb-ahdc ,morse aga9 appe>$ ) 8 telegraph1 & on ,febru>y #ba1 #ahdc1 ,john ,p4 ,k5n$y1 ( ,m>yl&1 mov$ t a bill appropriat+ #cj1jjj1 to be exp5d$1 "u ! direction ( ! ,secret>y ( ! ,treasury1 9 a s]ies ( exp]im5ts = te/+ ! m]its ( ! telegraph1 %\ld be consid]$4 ,! proposal met ) ridicule4 ,johnson1 ( ,t5nessee1 mov$1 z an am5dm5t1 t "o-half %\ld be giv5 to a lectur] on mesm]ism1 !n 9 ,wa%+ton1 to try mesm]ic exp]im5ts "u ! direction ( ! ,secret>y ( ! ,treasury2 & ,mr4 ,h\/on said t ,mill]ism ought to be includ$ 9 ! b5efits ( ! appropriation4 ,aft] ! indulg5ce ( mu* *eap wit1 ,mr4 ,mason1 ( ,ohio1 prote/$ aga9/ su* frivolity z injuri\s to ! "* ( ! ,h\se & ask$ ! *air to rule ! am5dm5ts out ( ord]4 ,! *air 7,john ,:ite1 ( ,k5tucky7 rul$ ! am5dm5ts 9 ord] because x w\ld require a sci5tific analysis to det]m9e h[ f> ! magnetism ( ! mesm]ism 0 analog\s to t to be employ$ 9 telegraphy4 ,?is wit 0 applaud$ by peals ( laught]1 b ! am5dm5t 0 vot$ d[n & ! bill pass$ ! ,h\se on ,febru>y #bc;d by ! close vote ( #hi to #hc4 ,9 ! ,s5ate ! bill met ) nei!r sne]s nor opposition1 b its progress 0 disc\rag+ly sl[4 ,at twilight on ! la/ ev5+ ( ! session 7,m>* #c1 #ahdb7 !re 7 "o hundr$ & n9ete5 bills be=e x4 ,x seem$ impossible = x to be rea*$ 9 regul> c\rse be=e ! h\r ( adj\rnm5t %\ld arrive1 & ,morse1 :o _h anxi\sly wat*$ ! dre>y c\rse ( bus9ess all day f ! gall]y ( ! ,s5ate *amb]1 w5t ) a sad he>t to 8 hotel & prep>$ to leave = ,new ,york at an e>ly h\r ! next morn+4 ,8 cup ( disappo9tm5t seem$ to be ab\t full4 ,) ! exception ( ,alfr$ ,vail1 a "y /ud5t 9 ! ,univ]sity1 ?r\gh ^: influ5ce "s money _h be5 subscrib$ 9 return = a "o-f\r? int]e/ 9 ! inv5tion1 & ( ,pr(essor ,l4,d4 ,gale1 :o _h %[n mu* int]e/ 9 ! "w & 0 also a p>tn] 9 ! ent]prise1 ,morse knew ( no "o :o seem$ to believe en\gh 9 him & 8 telegraph to advance ano!r doll>4 ,z he came d[n to breakfa/ ! next morn+ a "y lady ent]$ & came =w>d ) a smile1 exclaim+1 ,i h come to congratulate y4 ,^u :at8 inquir$ ! pr(essor4 ,^u ! passage ( y\r bill1 %e repli$4 ,impossible6 ,its fate 0 seal$ la/ ev5+4 ,y mu/ be mi/ak54 ,n at all1 answ]$ ! "y lady1 ! daught] ( ,morse's fri5d1 ! ,commission] ( ,pat5ts1 ,h4,l4 ,ellswor?2 fa!r s5t me to tell y t y\r bill 0 pass$4 ,he rema9$ until ! session clos$1 & y\rs 0 ! la/ bill b "o act$ ^u1 & x 0 pass$ j five m9utes be=e ! adj\rnm5t4 ,& ,i am s glad to be able to be ! fir/ "o to tell y4 ,"m says y mu/ come home ) me to breakfa/4 ,morse1 ov]come by ! intellig5ce1 promis$ t 8 "y fri5d1 ! be>] ( ^! good tid+s1 %\ld s5d ! fir/ message ov] ! fir/ l9e ( telegraph t 0 op5$4 ,he writes to ,alfr$ ,vail t day3 ,! am\nt ( bus9ess be=e ! ,s5ate r5d]$ x m & m d\btful1 z ! session drew to a close1 :e!r ! ,h\se bill on ! telegraph w\ld be rea*$1 & on ! la/ day1 ,m>* #c1 #ahdc1 ,i 0 advis$ by "o ( my ,s5atorial fri5ds to make up my m9d = failure1 z he deem$ x next to impossible t x c\ld be rea*$ be=e ! adj\rnm5t4 ,! bill1 h[ev]1 0 rea*$ a few m9utes be=e midnight & pass$4 ,?is 0 ! turn+ po9t 9 ! hi/ory ( ! telegraph4 ,my p]sonal funds 7 r$uc$ to ! fraction ( a doll>1 &1 _h ! passage ( ! bill fail$ f any cause1 !re w\ld h be5 little prospect ( ano!r attempt on my "p to introduce to ! _w my new inv5tion4 ,! appropriation by ,congress hav+ be5 made1 ,morse w5t to "w ) en]gy & delight to con/ruct ! fir/ l9e ( 8 electric telegraph4 ,x 0 important t x %\ld be laid :]e x w\ld attract ! att5tion ( ! gov]nm5t1 & ?is consid]ation decid$ ! "q 9 favor ( a l9e betwe5 ,wa%+ton & ,baltimore4 ,he _h z assi/ants ,pr(essor ,gale & ,pr(essor ,j4,c4 ,fi%]4 ,mr4 ,vail 0 to devote 8 att5tion to mak+ ! in/rum5ts & ! pur*ase ( mat]ials4 ,morse himself 0 g5]al sup]9t5d5t "u ! appo9tm5t ( ! gov]nm5t & gave att5tion to ! m9ute/ details4 ,all disbursem5ts pass$ ?r\gh 8 h&s4 ,9 po9t ( accuracy1 ! pres]vation ( v\*]s1 & pres5tation ( acc\nts1 ,g5]al ,wa%+ton himself 0 n m precise1 lucid1 & correct4 ,ezra ,cornell1 aft]w>d "o ( ! mo/ successful con/ructors ( telegraph l9es1 0 employ$ to take *>ge ( ! "w "u ,morse4 ,mu* "t & exp5se 7 lo/ 9 consequ5ce ( foll[+ a plan = lay+ ! wires 9 a lead5 tube1 & x 0 only :5 x 0 decid$ to /r+ !m on po/s t "w began to proce$ rapidly4 ,9 expectation ( ! meet+ ( ! ,national ,:ig ,conv5tion1 ,may #a1 #ahdd1 to nom9ate c&idates = ,presid5t & ,vice-,presid5t1 en]gy 0 r$\bl$1 & by t "t ! wires 7 9 work+ ord] tw5ty-two miles f ,wa%+ton t[>d ,baltimore4 ,! day be=e ! conv5tion met1 ,pr(essor ,morse wrote to ,vail t c]ta9 signals %\ld mean ! nom9ation ( a p>ticul> c&idate4 ,! exp]im5t 0 approa*+ its crisis4 ,! conv5tion assembl$ & ,h5ry ,clay 0 nom9at$ by acclamation to ! ,presid5cy4 ,! news 0 convey$ on ! railroad to ! po9t rea*$ by ! telegraph & !nce in/antly transmitt$ ov] ! wires to ,wa%+ton4 ,an h\r aft]w>d pass5g]s arriv+ at ! capital1 & suppos+ t !y _h br\ght ! fir/ intellig5ce1 7 surpris$ to f9d t ! ann\ncem5t _h be5 made already & t !y 7 ! be>]s ( old news4 ,! conv5tion %ortly aft]w>d nom9at$ ,frel+huys5 z ,vice-,presid5t1 & ! intellig5ce 0 s5t to ,wa%+ton 9 ! same mann]4 ,public a/oni%m5t 0 great & _m p]sons d\bt$ t ! feat c\ld h be5 p]=m$4 ,be=e ,may _h elaps$ ! l9e rea*$ ,baltimore4 ,illu/ration3 ,morse 9 8 ,/udy4 7,f an old pr9t47 ,on ! #bd? ( ,may1 #ahdd1 ,morse 0 prep>$ to put to f9al te/ ! great exp]im5t on :i* 8 m9d _h be5 labor+ = twelve anxi\s ye>s4 ,vail1 8 assi/ant1 0 at ! ,baltimore t]m9us4 ,morse _h invit$ 8 fri5ds to assemble 9 ! *amb] ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,supreme ,c\rt1 :]e he _h 8 in/rum5t1 f :i* ! wires ext5d$ to ,baltimore4 ,he _h promis$ 8 "y fri5d1 ,miss ,ellswor?1 t %e %\ld s5d ! fir/ message ov] ! wires4 ,h] "m sugge/$ ! famili> words ( scripture 7,numb]s1 xxiii4 #bc71 ,:at ha? ,god wr\ght6 ,! words 7 *os5 )\t consultation ) ! inv5tor1 b 7 s+ul>ly ! expression ( 8 own s5tim5t & 8 own exp]i5ce 9 br++ 8 "w to successful accompli%m5t4 ,p]fectly religi\s 9 8 convictions1 & tra9$ f e>lie/ *ildhood to believe 9 ! special sup]9t5d5ce ( ,provid5ce 9 ! m9ute/ affairs ( man1 he _h act$ ?r\gh\t ! :ole ( 8 /ruggles "u ! firm p]suasion t ,god 0 work+ 9 him to d ,8 own pleasure 9 ?is ?+4 ,! fir/ public messages s5t 7 a notice to ,silas ,wright 9 ,wa%+ton ( 8 nom9ation to ! (fice ( ,vice-,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates by ! ,democratic conv5tion1 !n 9 session 7,may1 #ahdd7 9 ,baltimore1 & 8 response decl9+ x4 ,h5drick ,b4 ,wright1 9 a lett] writt5 to ,mr4 ,b4,j4 ,loss+1 says3 ,z ! presid+ (fic] ( ! body ,i read ! despat*1 b s incr$ul\s 7 ! memb]s z to ! au?ority ( ! evid5ce be=e !m t ! conv5tion adj\rn$ ov] to ! foll[+ day to await ! report ( ! committee s5t ov] to ,wa%+ton to get reliable in=mation on ! subject4 ,mr4 ,vail kept a di>y 9 ^? e>ly days ( ! telegraph1 full ( int]e/+ rem9isc5ces4 ,x 0 (t5 necess>y1 9 ord] to conv9ce incr$ul\s visitors to ! (fice t ! que/ions & replies s5t ov] ! wire 7 n manufactur$ or agre$ ^u be=eh&1 to all[ !m to s5d _! own rem>ks4 ,:5 ! committee j m5tion$ by ,mr4 ,wright return$ f ,baltimore & confirm$ ! correctness ( ! report giv5 by telegraph1 ! new inv5tion receiv$ a spl5did adv]tisem5t4 ,! conv5tion hav+ reassembl$ 9 ! morn+1 & ! refusal ( ,wright to accept ! nom9ation hav+ be5 communicat$1 a conf]5ce 0 held betwe5 him & 8 fri5ds ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ,morse's wires4 ,9 ,wa%+ton ,mr4 ,wright & ,mr4 ,morse 7 closet$ ) ! in/rum5t2 at ,baltimore ! committee ( conf]5ce surr\nd$ ,vail ) 8 in/rum5t4 ,spectators & auditors 7 exclud$4 ,! committee communicat$ to ,mr4 ,wright _! reasons = urg+ 8 acceptance4 ,9 a mom5t he receiv$ _! communication 9 writ+ & z quickly return$ 8 answ]4 ,aga9 & aga9 ^! confid5tial messages pass$1 & ! result 0 f9ally ann\nc$ to ! conv5tion t ,mr4 ,wright 0 inflexible4 ,mr4 ,dallas !n receiv$ ! nom9ation & accept$ x4 ,! ticket ?us nom9at$ 0 successful at ! election ( t ye>4 ,! orig9al slips ( pap] on :i* "s ( ! e>ly messages 7 writt5 are /ill pres]v$1 among o!rs ?is reque/3 ,z a rumor is preval5t "h ?is morn+ t ,mr4 ,eug5e ,boyle 0 %ot at ,baltimore la/ ev5+1 ,pr(essor ,morse w conf] a great favor ^u ! family by mak+ inquiry by means ( 8 electro-magnetic telegraph if su* is ! fact4 ,! telegraph 0 %[n at fir/ )\t *>ge4 ,dur+ ! session ( #ahdd-ahde ,congress made an appropriation ( #h1jjj to keep x 9 op]ation dur+ ! ye>1 plac+ x "u ! sup]vision ( ! ,po/ma/]-,g5]al1 :o1 at ! close ( ! session1 ord]$ a t>iff ( *>ges ( "o c5t = e f\r *>act]s made ?r\gh ! telegraph4 ,mr4 ,vail 0 appo9t$ op]ator = ! ,wa%+ton /ation & ,mr4 ,h4,j4 ,rog]s = ,baltimore4 ,?is new ord] ( ?+s began ,april #a1 #ahde1 ! object be+ to te/ ! pr(itabl5ess ( ! ent]prise4 ,! fir/ day's income 0 "o c5t2 on ! fif? day twelve & a half c5ts 7 receiv$2 on ! sev5? ! receipts ran up to sixty c5ts2 on ! eigh? to "o doll> & ?irty-two c5ts2 on ! n9? to "o doll> & f\r c5ts4 ,x is wor?y ( rem>k1 z ,mr4 ,vail notes1 t ! bus9ess done aft] ! t>iff 0 fix$ 0 great] ?an :5 ! s]vice 0 gratuit\s4 ,! telegraph 0 n[ a reality4 ,its completion 0 hail$ ) en?usiasm1 & ! newspap]s laud$ ! inv5tor to ! skies4 ,resolutions ( ?anks & applause 7 adopt$ by popul> assemblies4 ,x 0 a favorite idea ) ,pr(essor ,morse1 f ! inception ( 8 ent]prise1 t ! telegraph %\ld belong to ! gov]nm5t1 & he s5t a communication to ,congress mak+ a =mal (f]4 ,! ov]ture 0 n accept$1 b ! ext5sion ( ! l9e f ,baltimore to ,philadelphia & !n to ,new ,york 0 only a "w ( "t4 ,! aid ( ,congress 0 s\ght 9 va94 ,! appropriation ( #h1jjj 0 made1 b fur!r ?an t ! gov]nm5t decl9$ to g4 ,! sum nam$ z ! price at :i* ! ,morse ,company w\ld sell ! telegraph to ! gov]nm5t 0 #ajj1jjj4 ,! subject 0 discuss$ 9 ! report ( ,cave ,johnson1 ,po/ma/]-,g5]al "u ,presid5t ,polk4 ,he 0 a memb] ( ,congress :5 ! bill came up be=e ! ,h\se appropriat+ #cj1jjj = ! exp]im5tal l9e1 & 0 "o ( ^? :o ridicul$ ! :ole subject z unwor?y ( ! notice ( s5sible m54 ,z ,po/ma/]-,g5]al he said 9 8 report1 aft] ! exp]im5t _h succe$$ to ! satisfaction ( mank9d1 t ! op]ation ( a telegraph betwe5 ,wa%+ton & ,baltimore _h n satisfi$ him t "u any rate ( po/age t c\ld be adopt$ its rev5ues c\ld be made equal to its exp5ditures4 ,su* an op9ion1 ) ! evid5ce !n 9 ! possession ( ! dep>tm5t1 appe>s to be curi\s (ficial bl9dness4 ,b x 0 =tunate = ! inv5tor t ! telegraph 0 left to ! private ent]prise4 ,tw5ty-five ye>s aft] ! gov]nm5t _h decl9$ to take ! telegraph at ! price ( #ajj1jjj1 a project 0 />t$ to e/abli% l9es ( telegraph to be us$ by ! gov]nm5t z "p ( ! mail po/al sy/em4 ,& 9 #ahgc ! ,po/ma/]-,g5]al1 ,mr4 ,cresswell1 said 9 8 report t ! entire fir/ co/ ( all ! l9es 9 ! c\ntry1 includ+ pat5ts1 0 less ?an #aj1jjj1jjj2 b ! prop]ty ( ! exi/+ telegraph company 0 already well wor? #ej1jjj1jjj4 ,morse's position 0 f> easi] ?an x _h be5 = _m ye>s4 ,8 old fri5ds1 ! arti/s ( ,new ,york1 ralli$ 9 =ce & laid be=e ,congress a petition t ! pr(essor be employ$ to execute ! pa9t+ to fill ! panel at ! ,capitol assign$ to ,inman1 :o _h be5 remov$ by dea?4 ,b x came to no?+4 ,morse 0 nev] aga9 to take ! bru% 9 h&4 ,! fir/ money t he receiv$ f 8 inv5tion 0 ! sum ( #dg1 be+ 8 %>e ( ! am\nt paid = ! "r to use 8 pat5t on a %ort l9e f ! ,wa%+ton ,po/-(fice to ! ,national ,obs]vatory4 ,! use he made ( ! money 0 *>act]i/ic ( ! man4 ,he s5t x to ! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,sprole1 !n a pa/or 9 ,wa%+ton1 reque/+ him to apply x = ! b5efit ( 8 *ur*4 ,e>ly 9 ,june1 #ahdf1 ! l9e f ,baltimore to ,philadelphia 0 9 op]ation1 & t f ,philadelphia to ,new ,york4 ,abroad ! sy/em 0 work+ its way /eadily into favor4 ,9 ,france an appropriation ( ne>ly half a million francs 0 made to introduce ! ,morse sy/em4 ,b meantime violations ( ,morse's rights 7 beg9n+ to crop up on e side1 bo? at home & abroad4 ,9 a lett] to ,daniel ,"l1 8 lawy]1 ,morse says3 ,! plot ?ick5s all ar\nd me2 ,i ?9k a dn\em5t n f> (f4 ,i rememb] y\r consol+ me "u ^! attacks ) bidd+ me ?9k t ,i _h inv5t$ some?+ wor? cont5d+ =4 ,alas6 my de> sir1 :at enc\ragem5t is !re to an inv5tor if1 aft] ye>s ( toil & anxiety1 he has only pur*as$ = himself ! pleasure ( be+ a t>get = e vile fell[ to %oot at1 & 9 proportion z 8 inv5tion is ( public utility1 s mu* ! great] ef=t is to be made to defame t ! robb]y may excite ! less sympa?y8 ,i "k1 h[ev]1 t beyond all ?is !re is a cle> sky2 b ! cl\ds may n break away till ,i am no long] p]sonally int]e/$1 :e!r x be f\l or fair4 ,i wi% n to compla91 b ,i h feel+s1 & _c play ! ,/oic if ,i w\ld4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,siphon ,record] = ,receiv+ ,cable ,messages--,(fice ( ! ,comm]cial ,cable ,company1 #a ,broad ,/reet1 ,new ,york4 ,p]haps ! mo/ pa9ful *apt] ( ,morse's life is ! hi/ory ( ! lawsuits 9 :i* he 0 involv$ 9 def5ce ( 8 rights4 ,8 reputation z well z 8 prop]ty 7 assail$4 ,exce$+ly s5sitive to ^! attacks1 ! suits t foll[$ ! success ( ! telegraph co/ him inexpressible di/ress4 ,x is "s satisfaction to be able to record t aft] ye>s ( bitt] controv]sy ! f9al decision 0 favorable to ! inv5tor4 ,honors began to p\r 9 ^u him f ev5 ! utt]mo/ p>ts ( ! e>?4 ,! ,sultan ( ,turkey 0 ! fir/ mon>* to ackn[l$ge ,morse z a public b5efactor4 ,?is 0 9 #ahdh4 ,! k+s ( ,prussia & ,wurtemburg & ! ,emp]or ( ,au/ria ea* gave him a gold m$al1 t ( ! fir/ nam$ be+ set 9 a massive gold snuff-box4 ,9 #ahef ! ,emp]or ( ! ,fr5* made him a *evali] ( ! ,legion ( ,honor4 ,ord]s f ,d5m>k1 ,spa91 ,italy1 ,portugal soon foll[$4 ,9 #aheh a special congress 0 call$ by ! ,emp]or ( ! ,fr5* to devise a suitable te/imonial ( ! nation to ,pr(essor ,morse4 ,repres5tatives f t5 sov]eignties conv5$ at ,p>is & by a unanim\s vote gave1 9 ! aggregate1 #hj1jjj z an honor>y gratuity to ,pr(essor ,morse4 ,! /ates p>ticipat+ 9 ?is te/imonial 7 ,france1 ,au/ria1 ,russia1 ,belgium1 ,holl&1 ,sw$51 ,pi$mont1 ! ,holy ,see1 ,tuscany1 & ,turkey4 ,pr(essor ,morse 0 "o ( ! fir/ to sugge/ & ! fir/ to c>ry out ! use ( a m>9e cable4 ,dur+ ! summ] ( #ahdb he _h be5 mak+ elaborate prep>ations = an exp]im5t de/9$ to give wond]ful developm5t to 8 inv5tion4 ,?is 0 no less ?an a subm>9e wire1 to demon/rate ! fact t ! curr5t ( electricity c\ld be conduct$ z well "u wat] z ?r\gh ! air4 ,( ?is he _h ent]ta9$ no d\bt4 ,if ,i c make x "w t5 miles1 ,i c make x g ar\nd ! globe1 0 a favorite expression ( 8 9 ! infancy ( 8 ent]prise4 ,b he wi%$ to prove x4 ,he insulat$ 8 wire z well z he c\ld ) hemp5 /r&s well cov]$ ) pit*1 t>1 & india-rubb]4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ! autumn he 0 prep>$ to put ! "q to ! te/ ( actual exp]im5t4 ,! wire 0 only ! twelf? ( an in* 9 diamet]4 ,ab\t two miles ( ?is1 w\nd on a reel1 0 plac$ 9 a small r[-boat1 & ) "o man at ! o>s & ,pr(essor ,morse at ! /]n1 ! "w ( pay+ out ! cable 0 begun4 ,x 0 a beautiful moonlight night1 & ^? :o _h prolong$ _! ev5+ rambles on ! ,batt]y mu/ h wond]$1 z !y wat*$ ! proce$+s 9 ! boat1 :at k9d ( fi%+ ! two m5 c\ld be engag$ 9 t requir$ s long a l9e4 ,9 some:at less ?an two h\rs1 on t ev5tful ev5+ ( ,octob] #ah1 #ahdb1 ! fir/ cable 0 laid4 ,pr(essor ,morse return$ to 8 lodg+s & wait$ ) "s anxiety ! "t :5 he %\ld be able to te/ ! exp]im5t fully & fairly4 ,! next morn+ ! ,new ,york ,h]ald conta9$ ! foll[+ editorial ann\ncem5t3 ,,morse',s ,,electro-,,magnetic ,,telegraph4 ,?is important inv5tion is to be exhibit$ 9 op]ation at ,ca/le ,g>d5 betwe5 ! h\rs ( twelve & "o o'clock to-day4 ,"o telegraph w be erect$ on ,gov]nor's ,isl& & "o at ! ,ca/le1 & messages w be int]*ang$ & ord]s transmitt$ dur+ ! day4 ,_m h be5 incr$ul\s z to ! p[]s ( ?is wond]ful triumph ( sci5ce & art4 ,all su* may n[ h an opportunity ( fairly te/+ x4 ,x is de/9$ to "w a complete revolution 9 ! mode ( transmitt+ intellig5ce ?r\gh\t ! civiliz$ _w4 ,at daybreak ! pr(essor 0 on ! ,batt]y1 & _h j demon/rat$ 8 success by ! transmission ( ?ree or f\r *>act]s betwe5 ! t]m9i ( ! l9e1 :5 ! communication 0 sudd5ly int]rupt$1 & x 0 f\nd impossible to s5d any messages ?r\gh ! conductor4 ,! cause ( ?is 0 evid5t :5 he obs]v$ no less ?an sev5 vessels ly+ along ! l9e ( ! subm]g$ cable1 "o ( :i*1 9 gett+ "u way1 _h rais$ x on h] an*or4 ,! sailors1 unable to div9e its mean+1 haul$ 9 ab\t two hundr$ feet ( x on deck1 & f9d+ no end1 cut (f t portion & c>ri$ x away ) !m4 ,?us end$ ! fir/ attempt at subm>9e telegraph+4 ,! cr[d t _h assembl$ on ! ,batt]y disp]s$ ) je]s1 mo/ ( !m believ+ !y _h be5 made ! victims ( a hoax4 ,9 a lett] to ,john ,c4 ,sp5c]1 !n ,secret>y ( ! ,treasury1 9 ,augu/1 #ahdc1 conc]n+ electro-magnetism & its p[]s1 he wrote3 ,! practical inf]5ce f ?is law is t a telegraphic communication on ! electro-magnetic plan may ) c]ta9ty be e/abli%$ across ! ,atlantic ,ocean4 ,/>tl+ z ?is may n[ seem1 ,i am confid5t ! "t w come :5 ?is project w be realiz$4 ,9 #ahga a /atue ( ,pr(essor ,morse 0 erect$ 9 ,c5tral ,p>k1 ,new ,york1 at ! exp5se ( ! telegraph op]ators ( ! c\ntry4 ,x 0 unveil$ on ,june #aj? ) impos+ c]emonies4 ,!re 7 delegates f e ,/ate 9 ! ,union1 & f ! ,briti% prov9ces4 ,9 ! ev5+ a public reception 0 giv5 to ! v5]able inv5tor at ! ,academy ( ,music1 at :i* ,william ,orton1 presid5t ( ! ,we/]n ,union ,telegraph ,company1 presid$1 assi/$ by scores ( ! lead+ public m5 ( ! c\ntry z vice-presid5ts4 ,! la/ sc5e 0 an impressive "o4 ,x 0 ann\nc$ t ! telegraphic in/rum5t be=e ! audi5ce 0 !n 9 connection ) e o!r "o ( ! t5 ?\s& in/rum5ts 9 ,am]ica4 ,!n ,miss ,cornell1 a "y telegraphic op]ator1 s5t ?is message f ! key3 ,greet+ & ?anks to ! telegraph frat]nity ?r\gh\t ! _w4 ,glory to ,god 9 ! highe/1 on e>? peace1 good-w to m54 ,! v5]able inv5tor1 ! p]sonification ( simplicity1 dignity1 & k9dl9ess1 0 !n conduct$ to ! in/rum5t1 & t\*+ ! key1 s5t out3 ,s4,f4,b4 ,,morse4 ,a /orm ( en?usiasm swept ?r\gh ! h\se z ! audi5ce rose1 ! ladies wav+ _! h&k]*iefs & ! m5 *e]+4 ,pr(essor ,morse la/ appe>$ 9 public on ,febru>y #bb1 #ahgb1 :5 he unveil$ ! /atue ( ,frankl91 erect$ 9 ,pr9t+-h\se ,squ>e 9 ,new ,york4 ,he di$1 aft] a %ort illness1 on ,april #b1 #ahgb1 & 0 buri$ 9 ,gre5wood ,cemet]y4 ,on ! day ( ! fun]al1 ,april #e?1 e telegraph (fice 9 ! c\ntry 0 drap$ 9 m\rn+4 ,pr(essor ,morse 0 twice m>ri$4 ,8 fir/ wife di$ 9 #ahbe4 ,9 #ahdh he m>ri$ ,s>ah ,elizabe? ,griswold1 ( ,p\ghkeepsie1 :o /ill lives4 ,by ! fir/ m>riage !re 7 ?ree *ildr51 "o ( :om1 a son1 survives4 ,by ! second m>riage !re 7 f\r *ildr51 ?ree ( :om are alive--a daught] & two sons4 ,miss ,leila ,morse1 ! daught]1 0 m>ri$ 9 #ahhe to ,h]r ,franz ,rummel1 ! em95t piani/4 ,! la/ ye>s ( 8 life 7 em95tly peaceful & happy4 ,9 ! summ] he liv$ at a place call$ ,locu/ ,grove1 on ! banks ( ! ,hudson1 ne> ,p\ghkeepsie1 & 9 ! w9t] 9 a h\se at ,no4 #e ,we/ ,tw5ty-second ,/reet1 a few doors we/ ( ,fif? ,av5ue4 ,9 rec5t ye>s a m>ble tablet has be5 affix$ to ! front ( ! h\se1 suitably inscrib$4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #e ,we/ ,tw5ty-second ,/reet1 ,new ,york1 :]e ,morse ,liv$ = ,_m ,ye>s & ,di$4 ,morse's life 9 ! c\ntry 0 v simple & quiet4 ,8 h\r ( ris+ 0 half-pa/ six o'clock 9 ! morn+1 & he 0 9 8 libr>y alone until breakfa/1 at eight4 ,he lov$ to he> ! birds 9 _! native songs1 & he c\ld di/+ui% ! notes ( ea* species1 & w\ld speak ( ! quality ( _! respective music4 ,he sp5t mo/ ( ! day 9 read+ & writ+1 r>ely tak+ ex]cise1 except walk+ 9 8 g>d5 to visit 8 grap]ies1 9 :i* he took special pride1 or to ! /able to see if 8 horses 7 well c>$ =4 ,he did n ride out regul>ly ) 8 family1 pref]r+ ! repose ( 8 own gr\nds & ! labors ( 8 /udy4 ,b :5 he walk$ or rode 9 ! c\ntry1 he 0 con/antly dispos$ to speak ( ! beauty & glory ar\nd him1 z reveal+ to 8 m9d ! b5efic5ce1 wisdom1 & p[] ( ! inf9ite ,creator1 :o _h made all ^! ?+s = ! use & enjoym5t ( m54 ,"o ( 8 daught]s writes ( him 9 ^! simple & t5d] words3 ,he lov$ fl[]s4 ,he w\ld take "o 9 8 h& & talk = h\rs ab\t its beauty1 its wond]ful con/ruction1 & ! wisdom & love ( ,god 9 mak+ s _m v>i$ =ms ( life & color to please our eyes4 ,9 8 lat] ye>s he became deeply int]e/$ 9 ! microscope & pur*as$ "o ( great excell5ce & p[]4 ,= :ole h\rs1 all ! aft]noon or ev5+1 he w\ld sit ov] x1 exam9+ fl[]s or ! animalcul 9 diff]5t fluids4 ,!n he w\ld ga!r 8 *ildr5 ab\t him & give u a sort ( extempore lecture on ! wond]s ( creation invisible to ! nak$ eye1 b s cle>ly br\ght to view by ! magnify+ p[] ( ! microscope4 ,he 0 v fond ( animals1 cats1 & birds 9 p>ticul>4 ,he tam$ a little fly+-squirrel1 & x became s fond ( him t x w\ld sit on 8 %\ld] :ile he 0 at 8 /udies & w\ld eat out ( 8 h& & sleep 9 8 pocket4 ,to ?is little animal he became s mu* atta*$ t we took x ) u to ,europe1 :]e x came to an untimely end1 9 ,p>is1 by runn+ into an op5 fire4 ,8 biograph]1 ,prime1 says ( him3 ,9 p]son ,pr(essor ,morse 0 tall1 sl5d]1 graceful1 & attractive4 ,six feet 9 /ature1 he /ood erect & firm1 ev5 9 old age4 ,8 blue eyes 7 expressive ( g5ius & affection4 ,8 nature 0 a r>e comb9ation ( solid intellect & delicate s5sibility4 ,?\ghtful1 sob]1 & quiet1 he readily ent]$ into ! enjoym5ts ( dome/ic & social life1 indulg+ 9 sallies ( humor1 & readily appreciat+ & greatly enjoy+ ! wit ( o!rs4 ,dignifi$ 9 8 int]c\rse ) m51 c\rte\s & affable ) ! g5tl] sex1 he 0 a good husb&1 a judici\s fa!r1 a g5]\s & fai?ful fri5d4 ,he _h ! mis=tune to incur ! ho/ility ( m5 :o w\ld deprive him ( ! m]it & ! rew>d ( 8 labors4 ,b 8 0 ! common fate ( great inv5tors4 ,he liv$ until 8 rights 7 v9dicat$ by e tribunal to :i* !y c\ld be ref]r$1 & ackn[l$g$ by all civiliz$ nations4 ,& he di$ leav+ to 8 *ildr5 a spotless & illu/ri\s "n1 & to 8 c\ntry ! honor ( hav+ giv5 bir? to ! only electro-magnetic record+ telegraph ^: l9e has gone out ?r\gh all ! e>? & its words to ! end ( ! _w4 ,illu/ration3 ,*>les ,goodye>4 ,,vi4 ,,*>les ,,goodye>4 ,india-rubb] _h be5 kn[n = m ?an a hundr$ ye>s :5 ,*>les ,goodye> und]took to make ( x ?\s&s ( articles useful 9 common life4 ,s long ago z #agce a p>ty ( ,fr5* a/ronom]s discov]$ 9 ,p]u a curi\s tree t yield$ ! natives a peculi> gum or sap :i* !y collect$ 9 clay vessels4 ,?is sap became h>d :5 expos$ to ! sun1 & 0 us$ by ! natives1 :o made diff]5t articles ( e-day use f x by dipp+ a clay m\ld aga9 & aga9 into ! liquid4 ,:5 ! article 0 complet$ ! clay m\ld 0 brok5 to pieces & %ak5 out4 ,9 ?is mann] !y made a k9d ( r\gh %oe & an equally r\gh bottle4 ,9 "s p>ts ( ,s\? ,am]ica ! natives pres5t$ _! gue/s ) ^! bottles1 :i* s]v$ z syr+es = squirt+ wat]4 ,articles ?us made 7 liable to become /iff & unmanageable 9 cold wea!r & s(t & /icky 9 w>m4 ,^u gett+ back to ,france ! travell]s direct$ ! att5tion ( sci5ti/s to ?is rem>kable gum1 :i* 0 aft]w>d f\nd 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ,s\? ,am]ica1 & ! *ief supplies ( :i* /ill come f ,brazil4 ,ab\t ! beg9n+ ( ! pres5t c5tury ?is sub/ance1 kn[n v>i\sly z ca*u*u1 ca\t*\c1 gum-ela/ic1 & india-rubb]1 0 fir/ comm]cially introduc$ into ,europe4 ,x 0 reg>d$ m]ely z a curiosity1 *iefly useful = eras+ p5cil-m>ks4 ,%ips f ,s\? ,am]ica took x ov] z balla/4 ,ab\t ! ye> #ahbj x began to be us$ 9 ,france 9 ! manufacture ( susp5d]s & g>t]s1 india-rubb] ?reads be+ mix$ ) ! mat]ial us$ 9 weav+ ^? articles4 ,"s ye>s lat] ,mack9to%1 an ,engli% manufactur]1 us$ x 9 8 fam\s wat]-pro( coats1 :i* 7 made by spread+ a lay] ( ! gum betwe5 two pieces ( clo?4 ,ab\t ! same "t a pair ( india-rubb] %oes 7 exhibit$ 9 ,bo/on1 :]e !y 7 reg>d$ z a curiosity2 !y 7 cov]$ ) gilt-foil to hide _! natural ugl9ess4 ,9 #ahbc a ,bo/on m]*ant1 engag$ 9 ! ,s\? ,am]ican trade1 import$ five hundr$ pairs ( ^! %oes1 made by ! natives ( ,p>a1 & f\nd no difficulty 9 sell+ !m4 ,9 fact1 ?is became a l>ge bus9ess1 al?\gh ^! %oes 7 t]ribly r\gh & clumsy & 7 n to be dep5d$ ^u2 9 cold wea!r !y became s h>d t !y c\ld be us$ only aft] be+ ?aw$ by ! fire1 & 9 summ] !y c\ld be pres]v$ only by keep+ !m on ice4 ,if dur+ ! ?aw+ process !y 7 plac$ too ne> ! fire1 !y w\ld melt into a %apeless mass2 & yet !y co/ f ?ree to five doll>s a pair4 ,9 #ahcj ,e4,m4 ,*affee1 ( ,bo/on1 ! =eman ( a pat5t lea!r factory 9 t city1 attempt$ to replace pat5t lea!r by a comp\nd ( india-rubb]4 ,he dissolv$ a p\nd ( ! gum 9 spirits ( turp5t9e1 add$ to ! mixture en\gh lamp-black to produce a bright black color1 & inv5t$ a ma*9e = spread+ ?is comp\nd ov] clo?4 ,:5 dri$ 9 ! sun x produc$ a h>d1 smoo? surface1 flexible en\gh to be twi/$ into any %ape )\t crack+4 ,) ! aid ( a few capitali/s1 ,*affee organiz$1 9 #ahcc1 a company call$ ! ,roxbury ,india-rubb] ,company1 & manufactur$ an india-rubb] clo? f :i* wagon-cov]s1 piano-cov]s1 caps1 coats1 %oes1 & o!r articles 7 made4 ,! product ( ! factory sold well1 & ! success ( ! ,roxbury ,company l$ to ! e/abli%m5t ( a numb] ( simil> factories else:]e4 ,app>5tly all :o 7 engag$ 9 ! production ( rubb] goods 7 on ! highway to weal?4 ,a day ( disa/]1 h[ev]1 came4 ,mo/ ( ! goods produc$ 9 ! w9t] ( #ahcc-ahcd became wor?less dur+ ! foll[+ summ]4 ,! %oes melt$ to a s(t mass & ! caps1 wagon-cov]s1 & coats became /icky & useless4 ,to make matt]s worse !y emitt$ an odor s (f5sive t x 0 necess>y to bury !m 9 ! gr\nd4 ,tw5ty ?\s& doll>s' wor? ( ^! goods 7 ?r[n back on ! h&s ( ! ,roxbury ,company alone1 & ! directors 7 appall$ by ! ru9 t ?reat5$ !m4 ,x 0 useless to g on manufactur+ goods t might prove wor?less at any mom5t4 ,india-rubb] /ock fell rapidly1 & by ! end ( #ahcf !re 0 n a solv5t rubb] company 9 ! ,union1 ! /ockhold]s los+ ab\t #b1jjj1jjj4 ,p came to dete/ ! v "n ( india-rubb]4 ,"o day1 9 #ahcd1 a ,philadelphia h>dw>e m]*ant1 nam$ ,*>les ,goodye>1 0 l$ by curiosity to buy a rubb] life-pres]v]4 ,& ?us began = ?is un=tunate g5ius ne>ly tw5ty-five ye>s ( /ruggle1 mis]y1 & disappo9tm5t4 ,*>les ,goodye> 0 born 9 ,new ,hav51 ,conn41 ,decemb] #bi1 #ahjj4 ,:5 a boy 8 fa!r mov$ to ,philadelphia1 :]e he engag$ 9 ! h>dw>e bus9ess1 & ^u becom+ ( age1 ,*>les ,goodye> jo9$ him z a p>tn]4 ,9 ! panic ( #ahcf-ahcg ! h\se w5t d[n4 ,goodye>'s att5tion _h be5 attract$ = sev]al ye>s by ! wond]ful success ( ! india-rubb] companies4 ,^u exam9+ 8 life-pres]v] he discov]$ a defect 9 ! inflat+ valve & made an improv$ "o4 ,go+ to ,new ,york ) ?is device1 he call$ on ! ag5t ( ! ,roxbury ,company &1 expla9+ x to him1 (f]$ to sell x to ! company4 ,! ag5t 0 impress$ ) ! improvem5t1 b in/ead ( buy+ x1 told ! inv5tor ! real /ate ( ! india-rubb] bus9ess ( ! c\ntry1 !n on ! v]ge ( a collapse4 ,he urg$ ,goodye> to ex]t 8 inv5tive skill 9 discov]+ "s means ( imp>t+ durability to india-rubb] goods1 & assur$ him t if he c\ld f9d a process to effect t end1 he c\ld sell x at 8 own price4 ,he expla9$ ! processes !n 9 use & _! imp]fections4 ,goodye> =got all ab\t 8 disappo9tm5t 9 fail+ to sell 8 valve1 & w5t home int5t ^u exp]im5ts to make gum-ela/ic durable4 ,f t "t until ! close ( 8 life he devot$ himself solely to ?is "w4 ,he 0 ?irty-five ye>s old1 feeble 9 heal?1 a bankrupt 9 bus9ess1 & _h a "y family dep5d+ ^u him4 ,! indu/ry 9 :i* he n[ engag$ 0 "o 9 :i* ?\s&s ( p]sons _h f\nd ru94 ,! firm ( :i* he _h be5 a memb] ow$ #cj1jjj1 & ^u 8 return to ,philadelphia he 0 arre/$ = debt & compell$ to live )9 prison limits4 ,he began 8 exp]im5ts at once4 ,! price ( ! gum _h fall5 to five c5ts p] p\nd1 s t he _h no difficulty 9 gett+ suffici5t ( x to beg9 "w4 ,by melt+ & work+ x ?or\ghly & roll+ x out ^u a /one table1 he succe$$ 9 produc+ %eets ( india-rubb] t seem$ to him to possess new prop]ties4 ,a fri5d loan$ him en\gh money to manufacture a numb] ( %oes :i* at fir/ seem$ to be all t c\ld be desir$4 ,fe>ful1 h[ev]1 ( com+ tr\ble1 ,goodye> put 8 %oes away until ! foll[+ summ]1 :5 ! w>m wea!r r$uc$ !m to a mass ( s (f5sive an odor t he 0 glad to ?r[ !m away4 ,8 fri5d 0 s ?or\ghly di%e>t5$ by ?is failure z to refuse to h any?+ m to d ) ,goodye>'s s*eme4 ,! inv5tor1 nev]!less1 kept on4 ,x occurr$ to him t !re mu/ be "s sub/ance :i*1 mix$ ) ! gum1 w\ld r5d] x durable1 & he began to exp]im5t ) almo/ e sub/ance t he c\ld lay 8 h&s on4 ,all prov$ total failures ) ! exception ( magnesia4 ,by mix+ half a p\nd ( magnesia ) a p\nd ( ! gum he produc$ a sub/ance :it] ?an ! pure gum1 :i* 0 at fir/ z firm & flexible z lea!r1 & out ( :i* he made beautiful book-cov]s & piano-cov]s4 ,x look$ z if he _h solv$ ! problem2 b 9 a mon? 8 pretty product 0 ru9$4 ,heat caus$ x to s(t52 f]m5tation !n set 91 & f9ally x became z h>d & brittle z ?9 glass4 ,8 /ock ( money 0 n[ exhau/$4 ,he 0 =c$ to pawn all 8 own valuables & ev5 ! tr9kets ( 8 wife4 ,b he felt sure t he 0 on ! road to success & w\ld ev5tually w9 bo? fame & =tune4 ,he remov$ 8 family to ! c\ntry1 & set out = ,new ,york1 :]e he hop$ to f9d someone will+ to aid him 9 c>ry+ 8 exp]im5ts fur!r4 ,"h he met two acqua9tances1 "o ( :om (f]$ him ! use ( a room 9 ,gold ,/reet z a work%op1 & ! o!r1 a druggi/1 agre$ to let him h on cr$it su* *emicals z he ne$$4 ,he n[ boil$ ! gum1 mix$ ) magnesia1 9 quicklime & wat]1 & z a result obta9$ firm1 smoo? %eets t won him a m$al at ! fair ( ! ,am]ican ,in/itute 9 #ahce4 ,he seem$ on ! po9t ( success1 & easily sold all ! %eets he c\ld manufacture1 :51 to 8 dismay1 he discov]$ t a drop ( ! weake/ acid1 su* z ! juice ( an apple or dilut$ v9eg>1 w\ld r$uce 8 new comp\nd to ! old /icky sub/ance t _h baffl$ him s (t54 ,8 fir/ important discov]y on ! road to real success 0 ! result ( accid5t4 ,he lik$ pretty ?+s1 & x 0 a con/ant ef=t ) him to make 8 productions z attractive to ! eye z possible4 ,^u "o occasion1 :ile bronz+ a piece ( rubb] clo?1 he appli$ aqua =tis to x = ! purpose ( remov+ "p ( ! bronze4 ,x took away ! bronze1 b x also de/roy$ ! clo? to su* a degree t he suppos$ x ru9$ & ?rew x away4 ,a day or two lat]1 happ5+ to pick x up1 he 0 a/oni%$ to f9d t ! rubb] _h und]gone a rem>kable *ange1 & t ! effect ( ! acid _h be5 to h>d5 x to su* an ext5t t x w\ld n[ /& a degree ( heat :i* w\ld h melt$ x be=e4 ,aqua =tis conta9$ sulphuric acid4 ,goodye> 0 ?us on ! ?re%old ( 8 great discov]y ( vulcaniz+ rubb]4 ,he call$ 8 new process ! cur+ ( india-rubb]4 ,! cur$ india-rubb] 0 subject$ to _m te/s & pass$ ?r\gh !m successfully1 ?us demon/rat+ its adaptability to _m important uses4 ,goodye> readily obta9$ a pat5t = 8 process1 & a p>tn] ) a l>ge capital 0 f\nd ready to aid him4 ,he hir$ ! old india-rubb] works on ,/at5 ,isl& & op5$ a salesroom 9 ,broadway4 ,he 0 ?r[n back = six weeks at ?is important "t by an accid5t :i* happ5$ to him :ile exp]im5t+ ) 8 fabrics & :i* came ne> caus+ 8 dea?4 ,j z he 0 recov]+ & prep>+ to beg9 ! manufacture ( 8 goods on a l>ge scale ! t]rible comm]cial crisis ( #ahcg swept ov] ! c\ntry1 & by de/roy+ 8 p>tn]'s =tune at "o bl[1 r$uc$ ,goodye> to absolute begg>y4 ,8 family _h jo9$ him 9 ,new ,york1 & he 0 entirely )\t ! means ( support+ !m4 ,z ! only res\rce at h& he decid$ to pawn an article ( value--"o ( ! few :i* he possess$--9 ord] to raise money to procure "o day's supply ( provisions4 ,at ! v door ( ! pawnbrok]'s %op he met "o ( 8 cr$itors1 :o k9dly ask$ if he c\ld be ( any fur!r assi/ance to him4 ,weak ) hung] & ov]come by ! g5]osity ( 8 fri5d ! poor man bur/ into te>s & repli$ t1 z 8 family 0 on ! po9t ( />vation1 a loan ( #ae w\ld greatly oblige him4 ,! money 0 giv5 him on ! spot & ! necessity = visit+ ! pawnbrok] av]t$ = sev]al days long]4 ,/ill he 0 a frequ5t visitor to t p]son dur+ ! ye>1 & "o by "o ! relics ( 8 bett] days disappe>$4 ,ano!r fri5d loan$ him #ajj1 :i* enabl$ him to remove 8 family to ,/at5 ,isl&1 9 ! neighborhood ( ! ab&on$ rubb] works1 :i* ! own]s gave him p]mission to use s f> z he c\ld4 ,he contriv$ 9 ?is way to manufacture en\gh ( 8 cur$ clo?1 :i* sold readily1 to enable him to keep 8 family f />vation4 ,he made repeat$ ef=ts to induce capitali/s to come to ! factory & see 8 samples & ! process by :i* !y 7 made1 b no "o w\ld v5ture ne> him4 ,!re _h be5 money en\gh lo/ 9 su* exp]im5ts1 ^! acqua9tances said1 & !y 7 det]m9$ to risk no m4 ,inde$1 9 all ! broad l& !re 0 b "o man :o _h ! slighte/ hope ( accompli%+ any?+ ) india-rubb]1 & t "o 0 ,*>les ,goodye>4 ,8 fri5ds reg>d$ him z a monomaniac4 ,he n only manufactur$ 8 clo?1 b ev5 dress$ 9 clo!s made ( x1 we>+ x = ! purpose ( te/+ its durability1 z well z ( adv]tis+ x4 ,he 0 c]ta9ly an odd figure1 & 9 8 appe>ance ju/ifi$ ! rem>k ( "o ( 8 fri5ds1 :o1 ^u be+ ask$ h[ ,mr4 ,goodye> c\ld be recogniz$1 repli$3 ,if y see a man ) an india-rubb] coat on1 india-rubb] %oes1 & india-rubb] cap1 & 9 8 pocket an india-rubb] purse ) n a c5t 9 x1 t is ,goodye>4 ,9 ,septemb]1 #ahcg1 a new gleam ( hope lit up 8 pa?way4 ,a fri5d hav+ loan$ him a small sum ( money he w5t to ,roxbury1 tak+ ) him "s ( 8 be/ specim5s4 ,al?\gh ! ,roxbury ,company _h gone d[n ) a fe>ful cra%1 ,mr4 ,*affee1 ! inv5tor ( ! fir/ process ( mak+ rubb] goods 9 ?is c\ntry1 0 /ill firm 9 8 fai? t india-rubb] w\ld at "s future "t ju/ify ! expectations ( its e>lie/ fri5ds4 ,he welcom$ ,goodye> cordially & all[$ him to use ! ab&on$ works ( ! company = 8 exp]im5ts4 ,! result 0 t ,goodye> succe$$ 9 mak+ %oes & clo?s ( india-rubb] ( a quality s mu* bett] ?an any t _h yet be5 se5 9 ,am]ica t ! hopes ( ! fri5ds ( india-rubb] 7 rais$ to a high po9t4 ,(f]s to pur*ase rights = c]ta9 portions ( ! c\ntry came 9 rapidly1 & by ! sale ( !m ,goodye> realiz$ betwe5 f\r & five ?\s& doll>s4 ,he 0 n[ able to br+ 8 family to ,roxbury1 & = ! "t =tune seem$ to smile ^u him4 ,illu/ration3 ,cal5d]s ,heat$ ,int]nally by ,/eam1 = ,spread+ ,india ,rubb] into ,%eets or ^u ,clo?1 call$ ! ,*affee ,ma*9e4 ,8 success 0 b tempor>y1 h[ev]4 ,he obta9$ an ord] f ! g5]al ,gov]nm5t = "o hundr$ & fifty india-rubb] mail-bags1 :i* he succe$$ 9 produc+1 & z !y came out smoo?1 highly poli%$1 h>d1 well %ap$1 & entirely imp]vi\s to moi/ure1 he 0 delight$ & summon$ 8 fri5ds to inspect & admire !m4 ,all :o saw !m pron\nc$ !m a p]fect success1 b alas6 9 a s+le mon? !y began to s(t5 & f]m5t1 & f9ally became useless4 ,poor ,goodye>'s hopes 7 da%$ to ! gr\nd4 ,x 0 f\nd t ! aqua =tis m]ely cur$ ! surface ( ! mat]ial1 & t only v ?9 clo? made 9 ?is way 0 durable4 ,8 o!r goods began to prove wor?less & 8 promis+ bus9ess came to a sudd5 & disa/r\s end4 ,all 8 possessions 7 seiz$ & sold = debt1 & once m he 0 r$uc$ to pov]ty4 ,8 position 0 ev5 worse ?an be=e1 = 8 family _h increas$ 9 size & 8 ag$ fa!r also _h become dep5d5t ^u him = support4 ,fri5ds1 relatives1 & ev5 8 wife1 all dem&$ t he %\ld ab&on 8 empty dreams & turn 8 att5tion to some?+ t w\ld yield a support to 8 family4 ,f\r ye>s ( con/ant failure1 add$ to ! un=tunate exp]i5ce ( ^? :o _h prec$$ him1 ought to conv9ce him1 !y said1 t he 0 hop+ aga9/ hope4 ,hi!rto 8 conduct1 c]ta9ly _h be5 absurd1 ?\gh !y admitt$ t he 0 to "s ext5t excus$ = x by 8 p>tial success2 b to p]si/ 9 x w\ld be crim9al4 ,! inv5tor 0 driv5 to despair1 & be+ a man ( t5d] feel+s & ard5tly devot$ to 8 family1 might h yield$ to !m _h he n felt t he 0 ne>] ?an ev] to ! discov]y ( ! secret t _h elud$ him s long4 ,j be=e ! failure ( 8 mail-bags _h br\ght ru9 ^u him1 he _h tak5 into 8 employ a man nam$ ,na?aniel ,hayw>d1 :o _h be5 ! =eman ( ! old ,roxbury works1 & :o 0 /ill 9 *>ge ( !m :5 ,goodye> came to ,roxbury1 & 0 mak+ a few rubb] articles on 8 own acc\nt4 ,he h>d5$ 8 comp\nd by mix+ a little p[d]$ sulphur ) ! gum1 or by spr9kl+ sulphur ov] ! rubb] clo? & dry+ x 9 ! sun4 ,he decl>$ t ! process _h be5 reveal$ to him 9 a dream1 b c\ld give no fur!r acc\nt ( x4 ,goodye> 0 a/oni%$ to f9d t ! sulphur cur$ ! india-rubb] z ?or\ghly z ! aqua =tis1 ! pr9cipal objection be+ t ! sulphur\s odor ( ! goods 0 frightful 9 hot wea!r4 ,hayw>d's process 0 really ! same z t employ$ by ,goodye>1 ! cur+ ( ! india-rubb] be+ due 9 ea* case to ! ag5cy ( ! sulphur1 ! pr9cipal diff]5ce betwe5 !m be+ t ,hayw>d's goods 7 dri$ by ! sun & ,goodye>'s ) nitric acid4 ,hayw>d set s small a value ^u 8 discov]y t he readily sold x to 8 new employ]4 ,goodye> felt t he _h n[ all b conqu]$ 8 difficulties4 ,x 0 pla9 t sulphur 0 ! great controll] ( india-rubb]1 = he _h prov$ t :5 appli$ to ?9 clo? x w\ld r5d] x available = mo/ purposes4 ,! problem t n[ rema9$ 0 h[ to mix sulphur & ! gum 9 a mass1 s t e "p ( ! rubb] %\ld be subject$ to ! ag5cy ( ! sulphur4 ,he exp]im5t$ = weeks & mon?s ) ! mo/ int5se eag]ness1 b ! my/]y completely baffl$ him4 ,8 fri5ds urg$ him to g to "w to d some?+ = 8 family1 b he c\ld n turn back4 ,! goal 0 almo/ 9 sight1 & he felt t he w\ld be false to 8 mission 7 he to ab&on 8 labors n[4 ,to ! _w he seem$ a crack-bra9$ dream]1 & "s !re 7 :o1 see+ ! di/ress ( 8 family1 did n hesitate to apply /ill h>%] names to him4 ,_h x be5 m]ely weal? t he 0 work+ =1 d\btless he w\ld h turn$ back & s\ght "s o!r means ( obta9+ x2 b he s\ght m4 ,he felt t he _h a mission to fulfil1 & t no "o else c\ld p]=m x4 ,he 0 "r4 ,a /ill great] success 0 ab\t to cr[n 8 labors1 b 9 a mann] f> diff]5t f 8 expectations4 ,8 exp]im5ts _h develop$ no?+2 *ance 0 to make ! revelation4 ,x 0 9 ! spr+ ( #ahci1 & 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ,/&+ be=e a /ove 9 a /ore at ,woburn1 ,mass41 he 0 expla9+ to "s acqua9tances ! prop]ties ( a piece ( sulphur-cur$ india-rubb] :i* he held 9 8 h&4 ,!y li/5$ to him good-natur$ly1 b ) evid5t incr$ulity1 :5 sudd5ly he dropp$ ! rubb] on ! /ove1 :i* 0 r$ hot4 ,8 old clo!s w\ld h melt$ in/antly f contact ) su* heat2 b1 to 8 surprise1 ?is piece und]w5t no su* *ange4 ,9 amazem5t he exam9$ x1 & f\nd t :ile x _h *>r$ or %rivell$ l lea!r1 x _h n s(t5$ at all4 ,! by/&]s atta*$ no importance to ?is ph5om5on1 b to him x 0 a revelation4 ,he r5ew$ 8 exp]im5ts ) en?usiasm1 & 9 a little :ile e/abli%$ ! facts t india-rubb]1 :5 mix$ ) sulphur & expos$ to a c]ta9 degree ( heat = a specifi$ "t1 w\ld n melt or s(t5 at any degree ( heat2 t x w\ld only *> at two hundr$ & eighty degrees1 & t x w\ld n /iff5 f exposure to any ext5t ( cold4 ,! difficulty n[ consi/$ 9 f9d+ out ! exact degree ( heat necess>y = ! p]fect+ ( ! rubb] & ! exact l5g? ( "t requir$ = ! heat+4 ,illu/ration3 ,*>les ,goodye>'s ,exhibition ( ,h>d ,india ,rubb] ,goods at ! ,cry/al ,palace1 ,syd5ham1 ,engl&4 7,f a pr9t publi%$ at ! "t47 ,he made ?is discov]y 9 8 d>ke/ days1 :51 9 fact1 he 0 9 con/ant dang] ( arre/ = debt1 hav+ already be5 a frequ5t inmate ( ! debtors' prison4 ,he 0 9 ! dep?s ( bitt] pov]ty & 9 su* feeble heal? t he 0 con/antly haunt$ by ! fe> ( dy+ be=e he _h p]fect$ 8 discov]y--be=e he _h fulfill$ 8 mission4 ,he ne$$ an app>atus = produc+ a high & uni=m heat = 8 exp]im5ts1 & he 0 unable to obta9 x4 ,he us$ to bake 8 comp\nd 9 8 wife's bread-ov5 & /eam x ov] ! sp\t ( h] tea-kettle1 & to press ! kit*5 fire into 8 s]vice s f> z x w\ld g4 ,:5 ?is fail$1 he w\ld g d[n to ! %ops 9 ! vic9ity ( ,woburn & beg to be all[$ to use ! ov5s & boil]s aft] work+ h\rs 7 ov]4 ,! workm5 reg>d$ him z a lunatic1 b 7 too good-natur$ to d5y him ! reque/4 ,f9ally he induc$ a bricklay] to make him an ov51 & paid him 9 masons' aprons ( india-rubb]4 ,! ov5 0 a failure4 ,sometimes x w\ld turn out pieces ( p]fectly vulcaniz$ clo?1 & aga9 ! goods w\ld be *>r$ & ru9$4 ,goodye> 0 9 despair4 ,all ?is "t he liv$ on ! *>ity ( 8 fri5ds4 ,8 neighbors pret5d$ to l5d him money1 b 9 reality gave him ! means ( keep+ 8 family f />vation4 ,he has decl>$ t all ! :ile he felt sure he w\ld1 be=e long1 be able to pay !m back1 b !y h decl>$ ) equal emphasis t1 at t "t1 !y nev] expect$ to witness 8 success4 ,he 0 yell[ & %rivell$ 9 face1 ) a gaunt1 lean figure1 & 8 habit ( we>+ an india-rubb] coat1 :i* 0 *>r$ & black5$ f 8 frequ5t exp]im5ts ) x1 gave him a wild & s+ul> appe>ance4 ,p %ook _! heads solemnly :5 !y saw him1 & said t ! mad-h\se 0 ! prop] place = him4 ,! w9t] ( #ahci-dj 0 long & sev]e4 ,at ! op5+ ( ! season ,goodye> receiv$ a lett] f a h\se 9 ,p>is1 mak+ him a h&some (f] = ! use ( 8 process ( cur+ india-rubb] ) aqua =tis4 ,"h 0 a *ance = him to rise out ( 8 mis]y4 ,a ye> be=e he w\ld h clos$ ) ! (f]1 b s9ce !n he _h discov]$ ! effects ( sulphur & heat on 8 comp\nd1 & _h pass$ f> beyond ! aqua-=tis /age4 ,disappo9tm5t & want _h n w>p$ 8 consci5ce1 & he at once decl9$ to ent] into any arrangem5ts ) ! ,fr5* h\se1 in=m+ !m t al?\gh ! process !y desir$ to pur*ase 0 a valuable "o1 x 0 ab\t to be entirely replac$ by ano!r :i* he 0 !n on ! po9t ( p]fect+1 & :i* he w\ld gladly sell !m z soon z he _h complet$ x4 ,8 fri5ds decl>$ t he 0 mad to refuse su* an (f]2 b he repli$ t no?+ w\ld induce him to sell a process :i* he knew 0 ab\t to be r5d]$ wor?less by /ill great] discov]ies4 ,a few weeks lat] a t]rible sn[-/orm pass$ ov] ! l&1 "o ( ! wor/ t ,new ,engl& _h ev] kn[n1 & 9 ! mid/ ( x ,goodye> made ! appall+ discov]y t he _h n a p>ticle ( fuel or a m\?ful ( food 9 ! h\se4 ,he 0 ill en\gh to be 9 b$ himself1 & 8 purse 0 entirely empty4 ,x 0 a t]rible position1 made worse1 too1 by ! fact t 8 fri5ds :o _h =m]ly aid$ him _h turn$ f him1 vex$ ) 8 p]t9acity1 & ab&on$ him to 8 fate4 ,9 8 despair he be?\ght him ( a m]e acqua9tance nam$ ,col]idge1 :o liv$ sev]al miles f 8 cottage1 & :o b a few days be=e _h spok5 to him ) m ( k9dness ?an he _h receiv$ ( late4 ,?is g5tleman1 he ?\ght1 w\ld aid him 9 8 di/ress1 if he c\ld b rea* 8 h\se1 b 9 su* a sn[ ! j\rney seem$ hopeless to a man 9 8 feeble heal?4 ,/ill ! ef=t mu/ be made4 ,n]v$ by despair1 he set out & pu%$ 8 way resolutely ?r\gh ! heavy drifts4 ,! way 0 long1 & x seem$ to him t he w\ld nev] accompli% x4 ,(t5 he fell pro/rate on ! sn[1 almo/ fa9t+ ) fatigue & hung]1 & aga9 he w\ld sit d[n we>ily 9 ! road1 feel+ t he w\ld gladly die if 8 discov]y 7 b complet$4 ,at l5g?1 h[ev]1 he rea*$ ! end ( 8 j\rney1 & =tunately f\nd 8 acqua9tance at home4 ,to ?is g5tleman he told ! /ory ( 8 discov]y1 8 hopes1 8 /ruggles1 & 8 pres5t suff]+s1 & implor$ him to help him4 ,mr4 ,col]idge li/5$ to him k9dly1 & aft] express+ ! w>me/ sympa?y = him1 loan$ him money en\gh to support 8 family dur+ ! sev]e wea!r & to enable him to cont9ue 8 exp]im5ts4 ,see+ no prospect ( success 9 ,massa*usetts1 he n[ resolv$ to make a desp]ate ef=t to get to ,new ,york1 feel+ confid5t t ! specim5s he c\ld take ) him w\ld conv9ce someone ( ! sup]iority ( 8 new me?od4 ,he 0 beg9n+ to und]/& ! cause ( 8 _m failures1 b he saw cle>ly t 8 comp\nd c\ld n be work$ ) c]ta9ty )\t exp5sive app>atus4 ,x 0 a v delicate op]ation1 requir+ exactness & promptitude4 ,! conditions ^u :i* success dep5d$ 7 _m1 & ! failure ( "o spoil$ all4 ,x co/ him ?\s&s ( failures to le>n t a little acid 9 8 sulphur caus$ ! bli/]+2 t 8 comp\nd mu/ be heat$ almo/ imm$iately aft] be+ mix$ or x w\ld nev] vulcanize2 t a portion ( :ite lead 9 ! comp\nd greatly facilitat$ ! op]ation & improv$ ! result2 & :5 he _h le>n$ ^! facts1 x /ill requir$ co/ly & labori\s exp]im5ts to devise ! be/ me?ods ( comp\nd+ 8 +r$i5ts 9 ! be/ proportions1 ! be/ mode ( heat+1 ! prop] duration ( ! heat+1 & ! v>i\s useful effects t c\ld be produc$ by v>y+ ! proportions & ! degree ( heat4 ,he tells u t _m times :51 by exhau/+ e res\rce1 he _h prep>$ a quantity ( 8 comp\nd = heat+1 x 0 spoil$ because he c\ld n1 ) 8 inadequate app>atus1 apply ! heat soon en\gh4 ,illu/ration3 ,,c\ncil ,,m$al ,,( ,,! ,,exhibition4 ,c4 ,,goodye>4 ,,class ,,xxviii4 #ahea4 ,to ,new ,york1 !n1 he direct$ 8 ?\ghts4 ,m]ely to get !re co/ him a sev]] & a long] ef=t ?an m5 9 g5]al are capable ( mak+4 ,fir/ he walk$ to ,bo/on1 t5 miles di/ant1 :]e he hop$ to borr[ f an old acqua9tance #ej1 ) :i* to provide = 8 family & pay 8 f>e to ,new ,york4 ,he n only fail$ 9 ?is1 b he 0 arre/$ = debt & ?r[n into prison4 ,ev5 9 prison1 :ile 8 old fa!r 0 negotiat+ to procure 8 release1 he labor$ to int]e/ m5 ( capital 9 8 discov]y1 & made proposals = f\nd+ a factory 9 ,bo/on4 ,hav+ obta9$ 8 lib]ty1 he w5t to a hotel & sp5t a week 9 va9 ef=ts to effect a small loan4 ,saturday night came1 & ) x 8 hotel bill1 :i* he _h no means ( dis*>g+4 ,9 an agony ( %ame & anxiety1 he w5t to a fri5d & entreat$ ! sum ( #e to enable him to return home4 ,he 0 met ) a po9t-blank refusal4 ,9 ! deepe/ dejection1 he walk$ ! /reets till late 9 ! night1 & /ray$ at l5g?1 almo/ beside himself1 to ,cambridge1 :]e he v5tur$ to call ^u a fri5d & ask %elt] = ! night4 ,he 0 hospitably ent]ta9$1 & ! next morn+ walk$ we>ily home1 p5niless & despair+4 ,at ! door ( 8 h\se a memb] ( 8 family met him ) ! news t 8 y\nge/ *ild1 two ye>s old1 :om he _h left 9 p]fect heal?1 0 dy+4 ,9 a few h\rs he _h 9 8 h\se a dead *ild1 b n ! means ( bury+ x1 & five liv+ dep5d5ts )\t a morsel ( food to give !m4 ,a /orekeep] ne> by _h promis$ to supply ! family1 b1 disc\rag$ by ! un=ese5 l5g? ( ! fa!r's abs5ce1 he _h t day refus$ to tru/ !m fur!r4 ,9 ^! t]rible circum/ances he appli$ to a fri5d1 ^u ^: g5]osity he knew he c\ld rely1 "o :o nev] fail$ him4 ,he receiv$ 9 reply a lett] ( sev]e & cutt+ reproa*1 enclos+ #g1 :i* 8 fri5d expla9$ 0 giv5 only out ( pity = 8 innoc5t & suff]+ family4 ,a /rang] :o *anc$ to be pres5t :5 ?is lett] arriv$ s5t !m a b>rel ( fl\r1 a timely & bless$ relief4 ,! next day ! family foll[$ on foot ! rema9s ( ! little *ild to ! grave4 ,?is 0 ab\t ! d>ke/ h\r ( poor ,goodye>'s life1 b x 0 be=e ! dawn4 ,he manag$ to obta9 #ej1 ) :i* he w5t to ,new ,york1 & succe$$ 9 int]e/+ two bro!rs1 ,william & ,emory ,rid]1 9 8 discov]ies4 ,!y agre$ to advance to him a c]ta9 sum to complete 8 exp]im5ts4 ,by means ( ?is aid he 0 enabl$ to keep 8 family f want1 & 8 exp]im5ts 7 pursu$ ) great] ease & c]ta9ty4 ,8 bro!r-9-law1 ,william ,de ,=re/1 a ri* wool manufactur]1 also came to 8 aid1 n[ t success seem$ 9 view4 ,nev]!less1 ! exp]im5ts ( t & ! foll[+ ye> co/ ne>ly #ej1jjj4 ,?anks to ?is timely aid1 he 0 able 9 #ahdd1 t5 ye>s aft] beg9n+ 8 "w1 to produce p]fect vulcaniz$ india-rubb] ) economy & c]ta9ty4 ,to ! end ( 8 life he 0 at "w1 h[ev]1 endeavor+ to improve ! mat]ial & apply x to new uses4 ,he took out m ?an sixty pat5ts cov]+ diff]5t processes ( mak+ rubb] goods4 ,illu/ration3 ,,gr&e ,,m$aille ,d',,honneur4 ,,exposition ,,univ]selle ,,de #ahee4 ,donne p\r la ,dec\v]te de la ,vulcanisation et ,durcissem5t du ,ca\t*\c4 ,,facsimile ,,gold4 ,if ,goodye> _h be5 a man ( bus9ess in/9cts & habits1 ! ye>s foll[+ ! completion ( 8 great "w might h br\ght him an imm5se =tune2 b ev]y:]e he seems to h be5 un=tunate 9 protect+ 8 rights4 ,9 ,france & ,engl& he lo/ 8 pat5t rights by te*nical defects4 ,9 ! latt] c\ntry ano!r man1 :o _h receiv$ a copy ( ! ,am]ican pat5t1 actually appli$ & obta9$ ! ,engli% rights 9 8 own "n4 ,goodye>1 h[ev]1 obta9$ ! great c\ncil m$al at ! ,london ,exhibition ( #ahea1 a gr& m$al at ,p>is1 9 #ahee1 & lat] ! ribbon ( ! ,legion ( ,honor4 ,9 ?is c\ntry he 0 sc>cely less un=tunate4 ,8 pat5ts 7 infr+$ "r & left1 he 0 *eat$ by bus9ess associates & plund]$ ( ! pr(its ( 8 inv5tion4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates ,commission] ( ,pat5ts1 9 #aheh1 ?us spoke ( 8 losses3 ,no inv5tor1 probably1 has ev] be5 s h>ass$1 s trampl$ ^u1 s plund]$ by t sordid & lic5ti\s class ( infr+]s kn[n 9 ! p>lance ( ! _w z 'pirates4' ,! spoliation ( _! incessant gu]rilla w>f>e ^u 8 def5celess rights has unque/ionably am\nt$ to millions4 ,goodye> di$ 9 ,new ,york 9 ,july1 #ahfj1 worn out ) "w & disappo9tm5t4 ,nei!r ,europe nor ,am]ica seem$ dispos$ to accord him any rew>d or cr$it = hav+ made "o ( ! greate/ discov]ies ( ! "t4 ,not)/&+ 8 inv5tion1 :i* has made millions = ^? engag$ 9 work+ x1 he di$ insolv5t1 & left 8 family heavily 9 debt4 ,a few ye>s aft] 8 dea? an ef=t 0 made to procure f ,congress an ext5sion ( 8 pat5t = ! b5efit ( 8 family & cr$itors4 ,! opposition ( ! m5 :o _h gr[n ri* & p[]ful by successfully infr++ 8 rights prev5t$ t augu/ body f do+ ju/ice 9 ! matt] & ! ef=t came to no?+4 ,,vii4 ,,john ,,ericsson4 ,capta9 ,john ,ericsson1 al?\gh n by bir? an ,am]ican1 r5d]$ su* signal s]vices to ?is c\ntry & liv$ "h = s _m ye>s t we may fairly consid] him 9 ! light ( an ,am]ican inv5tor4 ,! inv5tions to :i* he devot$ ! be/ ye>s ( 8 life 7 made 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,he lov$ ,am]ica1 he di$ "h1 & ?\gh 8 a%es h be5 s5t back to ,sw$51 ! _w ( ,europe1 9 common ) ourselves1 probably ?9ks ( ,ericsson z an ,am]ican4 ,illu/ration3 ,john ,ericsson4 ,by ! roadside ne> a m\nta9 hamlet ( ,c5tral ,sw$5 /&s a pyramid ( iron ca/ f ore dug f ! adjac5t m9es & set ^u a base ( granite qu>ri$ f ! hills :i* ov]look ! valley4 ,?is monum5t be>s ! in=mation t two bro!rs1 ,nils ,ericsson & ,john ,ericsson1 7 born 9 a m9]'s hut at t place1 respectively1 ,janu>y #ca1 #ahjb1 & ,july #ca1 #ahjc4 ,nils ,ericsson 0 a man ( unusual di/9ction1 :o held high position 9 ,sw$5 z eng9e] ( ! canals & railroads ( ! k+dom4 ,! "n ( 8 bro!r is kn[n ! _w ov]4 ,^! two notable ,sw$es 7 sons ( ,ol( ,ericsson1 a ,sw$i% m9]4 ,pov]ty 0 "o ( ! bits ( good =tune t fell to ! lot ( ! two boys1 & among ,john's e>lie/ recollections is t ( ! seizure ( _! h\sehold effects by ! %]iff4 ,! "m 0 a woman ( intellig5ce & some:at acqua9t$ ) ! lit]ature ( h] "t4 ,9 boyhood ,john ,ericsson work$ 9 ! iron m9es ( ,c5tral ,sw$54 ,ma*9]y 0 8 fir/ love & 8 la/4 ,be=e he 0 elev5 ye>s old1 dur+ ! w9t] ( #ahac1 he _h produc$ a m9iature saw-mill ( +5i\s con/ruction1 & _h plann$ a pump+-eng9e design$ to keep ! m9es free f wat]4 ,! frame ( ! saw-mill 0 ( wood2 ! saw-blade 0 made f a wat*-spr+ & 0 mov$ by a crank made f a brok5 t9 spoon4 ,a file1 borr[$ f a neighbor+ blacksmi?1 a gimlet1 & a jack-knife 7 ! only tools us$ 9 ?is "w4 ,8 pump+-eng9e 0 a m ambiti\s affair1 to be op]at$ by a w9d-mill4 ,illu/ration3 ,john ,ericsson's ,bir?place & ,monum5t4 ,! family !n liv$ 9 ! wild]ness1 surr\nd$ by a p9e =e/1 :]e ,ericsson's fa!r 0 engag$ 9 select+ timb] = ! lock-gates ( a canal4 ,a quill & a p5cil 7 ! boy's tools 9 ! way ( draw+ mat]ials4 ,he made compasses ( bir* wood4 ,a pair ( /eel tweez]s 7 conv]t$ into a draw+-p54 ,ericsson _h nev] se5 a w9d-mill1 b foll[+ z well z he c\ld ! description ( ^? :o _h1 he succe$$ 9 con/ruct+ on pap] ! me*anism connect+ ! crank ( a w9d-mill ) ! pump-lev]4 ,! plan1 conceiv$ & execut$ "u su* circum/ances by a m]e boy1 attract$ ! att5tion ( ,c\nt ,plat51 presid5t ( ! ,go?a ,%ip ,canal1 on :i* ,ericsson's fa!r 0 employ$1 & :5 ,ericsson 0 twelve ye>s old he 0 made a memb] ( ! survey+ p>ty c>ry+ out ! canal "w & put 9 *>ge ( a section4 ,six hundr$ ( ! royal troops look$ = directions 9 _! daily "w to ?is boy1 "o ( 8 att5dants be+ a man :o foll[$ him ) a /ool1 ^u :i* he /ood to use ! survey+ in/rum5ts4 ,! amusem5ts ( ?is boy eng9e]1 ev5 at ! age ( fifte51 are indicat$ by a portfolio ( draw+s made 9 8 leisure mom5ts1 giv+ maps ( ! mo/ important p>ts ( ! canal1 ?ree hundr$ miles 9 l5g?1 & %[+ all ! ma*9]y us$ 9 its con/ruction4 ,8 precocity 01 h[ev]1 ! normal & heal?y developm5t ( a m9d z fond ( me*anical pr9ciples z ,raphael 0 ( color4 ,x 0 9 #ahaa t ,ericsson made 8 fir/ scale draw+ ( ! fam\s ,sund]l& ,iron ,bridge1 & f t "t on 8 c>e] 9 ,sw$5 0 a brilliant "o4 ,aft] s]v+ z an eng9e] ^u ! ,go?a ,canal he became an (fic] 9 ! ,sw$i% army1 f :i* circum/ance he got 8 title ( capta94 ,mo/ gov]nm5t "w 0 !n done by army (fic]s1 especially 9 field survey+4 ,! appo9tm5ts ( gov]nm5t surveyors be+ (f]$ soon aft]w>d to competitive exam9ation among ! (fic]s ( ! army1 ,ericsson w5t to ,/ockholm & ent]$ ! li/s4 ,detail$ maps ( fifty squ>e miles ( ,sw$i% t]ritory1 /ill ^u file at ,/ockholm1 %[ 8 skill4 ,?\gh 8 "w z a surveyor exce$$ t ( any ( 8 companions1 he 0 n satisfi$4 ,he s\ght an outlet = 8 sup]flu\s activity 9 prep>+ ! draw+s & engrav+ sixty-f\r l>ge plates = a "w illu/rat+ ! ,go?a ,canal4 ,8 faculty = inv5tion 0 %[n "h by ! con/ruction ( a ma*9e-engrav]1 ) :i* eighte5 copp]-plates 7 complet$ by 8 own h& )9 a ye>4 ,f engrav+ "y ,ericsson turn$ 8 att5tion to exp]im5ts ) flame z a means ( produc+ me*anical p[]1 & x is int]e/+ to note t =ty ye>s aft]w>d a l>ge "p ( 8 income 9 ?is c\ntry 0 d]iv$ f 8 gas-or flame-eng9e1 ?\s&s ( :i* are n[ 9 use 9 ,new ,york ,city alone = pump+ wat] up to ! tops ( ! h\ses4 ,8 e>ly flame-eng9e1 z x 0 call$1 turn$ out s well t aft] build+ "o ( t5 horse-p[]1 he obta9$ leave ( abs5ce to g to ,engl& to introduce ! inv5tion4 ,he nev] return$ to ,sw$5 = any l5g? ( "t1 al?\gh he rema9$ a ,sw$e at he>t1 & _m ,sw$i% ord]s & decorations h be5 conf]r$ ^u him4 ,9 addition to ! monum5t ne> ,ericsson's bir?place1 already m5tion$1 ! gov]nm5t has erect$ a granite %aft1 eighte5 feet high1 9 front ( ! cottage 9 :i* he 0 born4 ,?is %aft1 be>+ ! inscription1 ,john ,ericsson 0 born "h 9 #ahjc1 0 d$icat$ on ,septemb] #c1 #ahfg1 :5 "w 0 susp5d$ 9 ! neighbor+ m9es & iron furnaces1 & a holiday 0 held 9 honor ( ,sw$5's fam\s son4 ,poems 7 read1 ! *ief eng9e] ( ! m9+ di/rict deliv]$ an oration1 & ,dr4 ,pall91 a savant f ,philip/ad1 rem9d$ 8 he>]s t sev5 cities 9 ,greece cont5d$ = ! honor ( be+ ,hom]'s bir?place4 ,c]tificates ( baptism did n !n exi/1 said ,dr4 ,pall91 & !re is no d\bt ) u z to ,ericsson's bir?place2 yet to gu>d aga9/ all accid5ts we h "h plac$ a record ( baptism weigh+ eighty ?\s& p\nds4 ,! monum5t /&s on an i/hmus betwe5 two lakes surr\nd$ by gre5 hills4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,novelty ,locomotive1 built by ,ericsson to compete ) ,/eph5son's ,rocket1 #ahbi4 ,ericsson's life 9 ,engl& began 9 #ahbf4 ,=tune did n smile ^u 8 ef=ts to introduce 8 flame-eng9e1 = ! coal fire :i* _h to be us$ 9 ,engl& 0 too sev]e = ! work+ p>ts ( ! app>atus4 ,b ,ericsson possess$ a capacity = h>d "w t recogniz$ no ob/acles4 ,he und]took a new s]ies ( exp]im5ts :i* result$ f9ally 9 ! completion ( an eng9e :i* 0 pat5t$ & sold to ,john ,brai?waite4 ,"y ,ericsson's capacity = "w & = keep+ half a doz5 exp]im5ts 9 view at ! same "t seems to h be5 z rem>kable 9 ^? e>ly days z :5 he became fam\s4 ,records ( ! ,london ,pat5t ,(fice cr$it him ) inv5tion aft] inv5tion4 ,among ^! 7 a pump+-eng9e on a new pr9ciple2 eng9es ) surface cond5s]s & no smoke-/ack1 z appli$ to ! /eam%ip ,victory 9 #ahbh2 an app>atus = mak+ salt f br9e2 = propell+ boats on canals2 a hydro/atic weigh+ ma*9e1 to :i* ! ,society ( ,arts aw>d$ a prize2 an in/rum5t to be us$ 9 tak+ deep-sea s\nd+s2 a file-cutt+ ma*9e4 ,! li/ cov]s "s f\rte5 pat5t$ inv5tions & =ty ma*9es4 ,p]haps 8 mo/ important "w at ?is p]iod 0 a device = creat+ artificial draught 9 locomotives1 to :i* aid ! developm5t ( our railroad owes mu*4 ,9 #ahbi ! ,liv]pool ,man*e/] ,railroad (f]$ a prize ( #b1ejj = ! be/ locomotive capable ( do+ c]ta9 "w4 ,! prize 0 tak5 by ,/eph5son ) 8 fam\s ,rocket2 b 8 %>pe/ competitor 9 ?is conte/ 0 ,john ,ericsson4 ,f\r locomotives ent]$ ! conte/4 ,! ,london ,times ( ,octob] #h1 #ahbi1 speaks highly ( ! ,novelty1 ! locomotive ent]$ by ,messrs4 ,brai?waite ,ericsson1 say+3 ,x 0 ! lighte/ & mo/ elegant c>riage on ! road ye/]day1 & ! velocity ) :i* x mov$ surpris$ & amaz$ e behold]4 ,x %ot along ! l9e at ! amaz+ rate ( ?irty miles an h\r4 ,x seem$ inde$ to fly1 pres5t+ "o ( ! mo/ sublime spectacles ( human +5uity & human d>+ ! _w ev] beheld4 ,illu/ration3 ,ericsson on 8 ,arrival 9 ,engl&1 ag$ tw5ty-?ree4 ,illu/ration3 ,mrs4 ,john ,ericsson1 ne ,amelia ,byam4 7,f an e>ly dagu]reotype47 ,! railroad directors1 at ^: invitation ?is te/ 0 made1 _h ask$ = t5 miles an h\r2 ,ericsson gave !m ?irty4 ,! excitem5t ( ! witnesses f\nd v5t 9 l\d *e]s4 ,)9 an h\r ! %>es ( ! railroad company rose t5 p] c5t41 & ! "y eng9e] might well h consid]$ 8 =tune made4 ,b al?\gh he _h beat5 8 rival t5 miles an h\r1 ! judges det]m9$ to make traction p[]1 r ?an spe$1 ! critical te/1 & ! prize 0 aw>d$ to ,/eph5son's ,rocket1 :i* drew sev5te5 tons = sev5ty miles at ! rate ( ?irte5 miles an h\r4 ,/eph5son's eng9e weigh$ twice z mu* z ,ericsson's4 ,nev]!less ,ericsson's success ) ! ,novelty 0 su* z to keep him busy 9 ?is p>ticul> field4 ,he foll[$ x up ) a /eam fire-eng9e t a/oni%$ ,london at ! burn+ ( ! ,argyle ,rooms1 9 #ahbi1 :5 = ! fir/ "t1 z "o ( ! local pap]s rem>k$1 fire 0 ext+ui%$ by ! me*anical p[] ( fire4 ,ano!r eng9e1 ( l>g] p[]1 built = ! ,k+ ( ,prussia1 soon aft] r5d]$ excell5t s]vice 9 ,b]l91 & a ?ird 0 built = ,liv]pool 9 #ahcj4 ,t5 ye>s aft]w>d ! ,me*anics' ,in/itute ( ,new ,york aw>d$ a gold m$al to ,ericsson z a prize = ! be/ plan ( a /eam-eng9e4 ,illu/ration3 ,ext]ior ,view ( ,ericsson's ,h\se1 ,no4 #cf ,bea* ,/reet1 ,new ,york1 #ahij4 ,disappo9t$ 9 8 ill success ) inv5tions p]ta9+ to locomotives1 ,ericsson n[ turn$ 8 att5tion to 8 e>ly flame-eng9e1 & ! work+ model ( a caloric eng9e ( five-horse p[] soon attract$ ! att5tion ( ,london4 ,at fir/ !re seem$ to be a great future = eng9es ^u ?is pr9ciple1 b aft] _m ye>s ( exp]im5ts1 at great exp5se1 ,ericsson f\nd t ! pr9ciple 0 useful only = purposes requir+ small p[]4 ,9 #ahea he built a heat-eng9e = ! %ip ,ericsson1 a vessel two hundr$ & sixty feet 9 l5g?1 & tells ! result z foll[s3 ,! %ip aft] completion made a successful trip f ,new ,york to ,wa%+ton & back dur+ ! w9t] season2 b ! av]age spe$ at sea prov+ insuffici5t = comm]cial purposes1 ! own]s1 ) regret1 acc$$ to my proposition to remove ! co/ly ma*9]y1 al?\gh x _h prov$ p]fect z a me*anical comb9ation4 ,! res\rces ( mod]n eng9e]+ hav+ be5 exhau/$ 9 produc+ ! motors ( ! caloric %ip1 ! important "q1 ,c heat$ air1 z a me*anical motor1 compete on a l>ge scale ) /eam8 has =ev] be5 set at re/4 ,! comm]cial _w is indebt$ to ,am]ican ent]prise = hav+ settl$ a "q ( su* vital importance4 ,! m>9e eng9e] has ?us be5 enc\rag$ to r5ew 8 ef=ts to p]fect ! /eam-eng9e )\t fe> ( rivalry f a motor dep5d+ on ! dilation ( atmosph]ic air by heat4 ,illu/ration3 ,sol>-eng9e ,adapt$ to ! ,use ( ,hot ,air4 7,pat5t$ z a pump+-eng9e1 #ahhj47 ,be=e leav+ ?is "q ( heat-eng9es & pass+ to ! m important inv5tions by :i* ,ericsson w be rememb]$1 x may be z well to say a few words conc]n+ ! sol>-eng9es to :i* he devot$ _m ye>s' "t1 & "o ( :i* ,i saw 9 op]ation 9 ! back y>d ( ! pleasant old h\se 9 ,bea* ,/reet1 opposite ! freight depot ( ! ,hudson ,riv] ,railroad4 ,?is h\se1 by ! way1 :i* ,ericsson occupi$ = ne>ly =ty ye>s1 fac$ on ,/4 ,john's ,p>k1 ! pleasant squ>e :i* 0 aft]w>d fill$ up by ! railroad company4 ,t[>d ! la/ ye>s ( ,ericsson's life ! neighborhood became any?+ b a pleasant "o to live 92 x 0 dirty & noisy4 ,nev]!less ,ericsson refus$ to move4 ,p]haps ! unpleasantness ( ! surr\nd+s made him ! recluse he 04 ,x is n surpris+ t he %\ld h be5 attract$ by ! possibility ( obta9+ p[] f ! heat ( ! sun4 ,9 an e>ly pamphlet on ! subject he says3 ,!re is a ra9less region ext5d+ f ! nor?we/]n coa/ ( ,africa to ,mongolia1 n9e ?\s& miles 9 l5g? & ne>ly "o ?\s& miles wide4 ,9 ! ,we/]n ,hemisph]e1 ,l[] ,cali=nia1 ! table-l&s ( ,guatemala1 & ! we/ coa/ ( ,s\? ,am]ica1 = a di/ance ( m ?an two ?\s& miles1 suff] f a cont9u\s radiant heat4 ,ericsson e/imat$ t ! me*anical p[] t w\ld result f utiliz+ ! sol> heat on a /rip ( l& a s+le mile wide & eight ?\s& miles long w\ld suffice to keep tw5ty-two million sol>-eng9es1 ( "o hundr$ horse-p[] ea*1 go+ n9e h\rs a day4 ,he believ$ t ) ! exhau/ion ( ,european coal-fields ! day = ! sol>-eng9e w\ld come1 & t ^? c\ntries :i* possess$ unfail+ sun%9e1 su* z ,egypt1 w\ld displace ,engl&1 ,france1 & ,g]many z ! manufactur+ p[]s ( ! _w1 = ! ,european w\ld h to move 8 ma*9]y to ! bord]s ( ! ,nile4 ,by conc5trat+ ! rays ( ! sun ^u a small copp] boil] fill$ ) air ,ericsson 0 enabl$ to "w a little motor1 & = "s ye>s he also attempt$ to produce /eam by means ( heat f ! sun4 ,he 0 n successful1 h[ev]1 9 mak+ any?+ ( comm]cial value 9 ?is direction1 & s f> z ,i h be5 able to le>n none ( ! tropical c\ntries invit$ by him to take up ! problem = its own b5efit respond$ to ! invitation4 ,ericsson's /udies & improvem5ts ( ! screw z a means ( propell+ boats began 9 ,engl&4 ,a model boat1 two feet long1 fitt$ up ) two screws1 0 laun*$ 9 a ,london ba?-h\se1 &1 suppli$ by /eam f a boil] plac$ at ! side ( ! tank1 0 s5t ar\nd at a spe$ e/imat$ at six miles an h\r4 ,ericsson 0 s delight$ ) x t he built a boat eight feet by =ty1 arm$ ) two propell]s1 9 ! hope t ! ,briti% ,admiralty might adopt ! inv5tion4 ,?is boat w5t ?r\gh ! wat] at ! rate ( t5 miles an h\r1 or sev5 miles an h\r t[+ a s*oon] ( "o hundr$ & =ty tons burd54 ,he invit$ ! ,admiralty to see ! "w ( 8 screw4 ,/eam+ up to ,som]set ,h\se ) 8 little vessel1 ,ericsson took ! ,admiralty b>ge 9 t[1 to ! wond] ( ! wat]m51 :o c\ld make no?+ ( ! novel craft ) no app>5t means ( propulsion4 ,! ,briti% ,admiralty1 h[ev]1 0 n easily conv9c$4 ,^! wiseacres said no?+1 b ,ericsson pr(ess$ to h he>d t _! v]dict 0 aga9/ him because "o ( ! au?orities ( ! bo>d decid$ t ev5 if ! propell] _h ! p[] ( propell+ a vessel x w\ld be f\nd altoge!r useless 9 practice1 because ! p[]1 be+ appli$ to ! /]n1 x w\ld be absolutely impossible to make ! vessel /e]4 ,?is (ficial bl9dness co/ ,engl& ! s]vices ( ! inv5tor4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates happ5$ to h z consul 9 ,liv]pool at t day 7#ahcg7 ,mr4 ,francis ,b4 ,ogd51 a pione] 9 /eam navigation on ! ,ohio ,riv]4 ,ogd5 saw ,ericsson's inv5tion & introduc$ him to ,capta9 ,rob]t ,f4 ,/ockton1 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,navy4 ,) ,/ockton1 see+ 0 believ+1 & :5 he return$ f a trip on ,ericsson's boat1 he exclaim$3 ,i d n want ! op9ion ( y\r sci5tific m54 ,:at ,i h se5 to-day satisfies me4 ,be=e ! vessel _h complet$ h] trip1 ,ericsson receiv$ f ,/ockton an ord] = two boats4 ,^u ,/ockton's assurance t ! ,unit$ ,/ates w\ld try 8 propell] ^u a l>ge scale1 ,ericsson clos$ up 8 affairs 9 ,engl& & emb>k$ = ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,?r\gh ! good (fices ( ,/ockton1 b aft] consid]able delay1 a vessel call$ ! ,pr9ceton 0 ord]$ & complet$4 ,%e c>ri$ a numb] ( radical improvem5ts de/9$ to make a revolution 9 naval w>f>e4 ,! boil]s & eng9es 7 bel[ ! wat]l9e1 out ( ! way ( %ot & %ell4 ,! smoke-/ack 0 a telescopic affair1 replac+ ! tall pipe t =m$ s conspicu\s a t>get ^u ! old boats4 ,c5trifugal bl[]s 9 ! hold1 work$ by sep>ate eng9es1 secur$ increas$ draught = ! furnaces4 ,! ,pr9ceton 0 a wond]1 & ev]yone 0 ready to praise ! inv5tive g5ius ( ,ericsson & ! d>+ ( ,capta9 ,/ockton 9 adopt+ s _m radical novelties4 ,an entry 9 ! di>y ( ,john ,qu9cy ,adams1 dat$ ,febru>y #bh1 #ahdd1 tells ! sad /ory ( ! public exhibition ( ! ,pr9ceton at ,wa%+ton3 ,i w5t into ! *amb] ( ! ,committee ( ,manufactures & wrote !re till six4 ,d9$ ) ,mr4 ,gr9nell & ,mr4 ,w9?rop4 ,:ile we 7 at d9n] ,john ,b>ney bur/ into ! *amb]1 ru%$ up to ,g5]al ,scott & told him1 ) groans1 t ! ,presid5t wi%$ to see him2 t ! great gun on bo>d ! ,pr9ceton _h bur/ & kill$ ! ,secret>y ( ,/ate1 ,up%ur2 ! ,secret>y ( ! ,navy1 ,t4,w4 ,gilm]2 ,capta9 ,bev]ly ,k5non1 ,virgil ,maxey1 a ,colonel ,g>d9]1 ( ,new ,york1 a color$ s]vant ( ! ,presid5t1 & desp]ately w\nd$ sev]al ( ! crew4 ,s tragic an introduction 0 n ne$$ to direct public att5tion to ! ,pr9ceton4 ,ericsson _h plac$ ! ,unit$ ,/ates at ! head ( naval p[]s 9 ! application ( /eam-p[] to w>f>e4 ,he _h made ! exp]im5t ( ! ,pr9ceton at a great co/ to himself1 & two ye>s ( conc5trat$ ef=t _h be5 devot$ to ! s]vice ( ! ,gov]nm5t4 ,= 8 "t1 labor1 & necess>y exp5ditures he r5d]$ a bill ( #ae1jjj1 leav+ ! "q ( :at1 if any?+1 %\ld be *>g$ = 8 pat5t rights entirely to ! discretion & g5]osity ( ! ,gov]nm5t4 ,! bill 0 refus$ paym5t by ! ,navy ,dep>tm5t because ( its limit$ discretion4 ,ericsson w5t to ,congress ) x1 b a doz5 ye>s pass$ )\t ! slighte/ progress t[>d a settlem5t4 ,a c\rt ( claims r5d]$ a unanim\s decree 9 8 favor1 b ,congress1 to :i* ! bill 0 aga9 s5t1 fail$ to make an appropriation1 & !re ! matt] has rema9$1 not)/&+ ! brilliant s]vices s9ce r5d]$ to ?is c\ntry by ! inv5tor4 ,v>i\s nations claim ! inv5tion ( ! screw z appli$ to boats4 ,at ,trie/e & at ,vi5na /& /atues erect$ to ,joseph ,ressel1 = :om ! ,au/rians lay claim4 ,commodore ,/ev5s1 ( ,new ,j]sey1 is also said by ,pr(essor ,?ur/on to h built & work$ a screw-propell] on ! ,hudson 9 #ahab4 ,:atev] may be ! f9al decision z to ,ericsson's claim 9 ?is matt]1 !re1 c be no d\bt z to ! value ( ! s]vices he r5d]$ 9 build+ ! ,monitor4 ,! sugge/ion ( ! ,monitor 0 fir/ made 9 a communication f ,ericsson to ,napoleon ,,iii41 dat$ ,new ,york1 ,septemb]1 #ahed4 ,?is pap] conta9$ a description ( an iron-clad vessel surm\nt$ by a cupola sub/antially z 9 ! ,monitor z f9ally built4 ,! emp]or1 ?r\gh ,g5]al ,favre1 ackn[l$g$ ! communication4 ,favre wrote3 ,! emp]or has himself exam9$ ) ! greate/ c>e ! new sy/em ( naval attack :i* y h communicat$ to him4 ,8 ,maje/y *>ges me ) ! honor ( in=m+ y t he has f\nd y\r ideas v +5i\s & wor?y ( ! celebrat$ "n ( _! au?or4 ,= eight ye>s ,ericsson cont9u$ work+ ^u 8 idea ( a revolv+ cupola or turret ^u an iron-clad raft1 b f\nd no opportunity to te/ ! practical value ( ! device4 ,8 "t f9ally came :51 9 #ahfa1 ! ,navy ,dep>tm5t appo9t$ a bo>d to exam9e plans = iron-clads4 ,! bo>d consi/$ ( ,commodores ,joseph ,smi?1 ,hiram ,pauld+1 & ,*>les ,h4 ,davis4 ,ericsson1 hav+ le>n$ to di/ru/ 8 own p[]s z a bus9ess ag5t1 engag$ ! assi/ance ( ,c4 ,s4 ,bu%nell1 a ,connecticut man ( "s weal?1 :o w5t to ,wa%+ton & pres5t$ ! designs ( ! ,monitor to ! bo>d4 ,colonel ,w4,c4 ,*ur*1 ,ericsson's biograph]1 :o has j be5 honor$ by ,sw$5 = 8 publications ^u ! life ( ! inv5tor1 tells an int]e/+ /ory ( ! negotiations conc]n+ ! vessel :i* 0 to r5d] su* signal s]vices to ! c\ntry4 ,bu%nell c\ld make no headway ) ! bo>d & decid$ t ,ericsson's pres5ce 9 ,wa%+ton 0 necess>y4 ,b ! inv5tor 0 !n1 z dur+ 8 :ole life1 av]se to any self-adv]tisem5t1 & pref]r$ 8 work%op to any place on e>?4 ,b z he possess$ a sort ( rude eloqu5ce due to en?usiasm1 ,bu%nell got him to ,wa%+ton by subt]fuge4 ,he 0 told t ! bo>d approv$ 8 plans = an iron-clad & t x w\ld be necess>y = him to g to ! capital & complete ! contract4 ,pres5t+ himself be=e ! bo>d1 :at 0 8 a/oni%m5t to f9d t he 0 n only an unexpect$ b app>5tly an unwelcome visitor4 ,he 0 n long 9 d\bt z to ! mean+ ( ?is reception4 ,to 8 indignation & a/oni%m5t he 0 in=m$ t ! plan ( a vessel submitt$ by him _h already be5 reject$4 ,8 fir/ impulse 0 to )draw at once4 ,ma/]+ 8 ang]1 h[ev]1 he inquir$ ! reason = ?is decision4 ,commodore ,smi? expla9$ t ! vessel _h n suffici5t /ability2 9 o!r words1 x w\ld be liable to upset4 ,capta9 ,ericsson 0 too exp]i5c$ a naval design] to h ov]look$ ?is po9t1 & 9 a lucid explanation put 8 views be=e ! bo>d1 w9d+ up ) ! decl>ation3 ,g5tlem51 aft] :at ,i h said1 ,i consid] x to be y\r duty to ! c\ntry to give me an ord] to build ! vessel be=e ,i leave ?is room4 ,)draw+ to a corn] ! bo>d held a consultation & invit$ ! inv5tor to call aga9 at "o o'clock4 ,:5 ,ericsson return$ he br\ght ) him a diagram illu/rat+ m fully 8 reasons = consid]+ 8 propos$ vessel to be p]fectly /able4 ,commodore1 aft]w>d ,admiral1 ,pauld+ 0 conv9c$1 & admitt$ t ,ericsson _h taught him mu* ab\t ! /ability ( vessels4 ,secret>y ,welles 0 in=m$ t ! bo>d report$ favorably ^u ,ericsson's plan1 & told ! inv5tor t he might return to ,new ,york & beg9 "w1 z ! contract w\ld foll[ him4 ,:5 ! contract came x 0 f\nd to be a s+ul>ly "o-sid$ affair4 ,if ! ,monitor prov$ vuln]able--9 o!r words2 if x 0 n a success--! money paid = x by ! ,navy ,dep>tm5t 0 to be refund$4 ,illu/ration3 ,sectional ,view ( ,monitor ?r\gh ,turret & ,pilot-h\se4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,orig9al ,monitor4 ,x took "o hundr$ days to build ! ,monitor4 ,dur+ ^? ?ree mon?s ,ericsson sc>cely slept1 & ev5 9 8 dreams he w5t ov] ! details ( ! new-fangl$ w>-eng9e he 0 build+4 ,he nam$ h] ,monitor because1 he said1 %e w\ld w>n ! nations ( ! _w t a new era 9 naval w>f>e _h begun4 ,! /ory ( 8 untir+ activity has be5 told almo/ z (t5 z t ( ! battle betwe5 ! ,monitor & ! ,m]rimac4 ,he 0 at ! %ip-y>d be=e any ( ! workm51 & 0 ! la/ to leave4 ,9 ! con/ruction ( s novel a craft difficulties ( a puzzl+ nature came up e day4 ,if ,ericsson c\ld n solve !m on ! spot1 he /udi$ ! matt] 9 ! quiet ( ! night1 & 0 ready ) 8 draw+s 9 ! morn+4 ,! result ( ! naval battle 9 ,hampton ,roads1 on ! #i? ( ,m>*1 #ahfb1 betwe5 ! little ,monitor & ! big ,m]rimac made ,ericsson ! h]o ( ! h\r4 ,_h no ,david appe>$ to /op ! ravages ( ! ,conf$]ate ,golia?1 x is h>d to say :at might n h be5 ! injury inflict$ ^u ! cause ( ! ,union by ! t]rible ,m]rimac4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates ,navy 0 virtually panic-/rick5 :5 ! ,monitor1 ?is ,yankee *eese-box on a plank1 z ! ,s\!rn]s call$ h]1 came to ! rescue4 ,not)/&+ ! trem5d\s s]vice r5d]$ ! c\ntry1 ,ericsson decl9$ to receive m comp5sation = ! ,monitor ?an 8 contract call$ =4 ,9 reply to a resolution ( ! ,new ,york ,*amb] ( ,comm]ce call+ = a suitable return = 8 s]vices z w ev9ce ! gratitude ( ! nation1 ,ericsson said3 ,all ! remun]ation ,i desire = ! ,monitor ,i get out ( ! con/ruction ( x4 ,x is all-suffici5t4 ,our grateful nation took him at 8 ^w4 ,b honors ( ano!r & less co/ly k9d 7 %[]$ ^u him4 ,*ief ,eng9e] ,/im]s1 :o 0 on ! ,monitor dur+ h] battle ) ! ,m]rimac1 wrote to ,ericsson3 ,i congratulate y on y\r great success4 ,?\s&s h ?is day bless$ y4 ,i h he>d :ole crews *e] y4 ,e man feels t y h sav$ ?is place to ! nation by furni%+ u ) ! means to :ip an iron-clad frigate t 01 until our arrival1 hav+ x all h] own way ) our mo/ p[]ful vessels4 ,illu/ration3 ,fac-simile ( a ,p5cil ,sket* by ,ericsson1 giv+ a ,transv]se ,section ( 8 ,orig9al ,monitor ,plan1 ) a ,longitud9al ,section drawn ov] x4 ,illu/ration3 ,int]ior ( ! ,de/roy]1 ,look+ t[>d ! ,b[4 ,w> vessels ^u ! plan ( ! ,monitor spe$ily appe>$ among ! navies ( sev]al nations4 ,engl& refus$ at fir/ to admit ! value ( ! inv5tion & 0 n conv]t$ until ! d\ble-turret$ ,miantonomoh visit$ h] wat]s 9 #ahff1 :5 "o ( ! ,london pap]s describ$ h] appe>ance among ! ,briti% fleet z t ( a wolf among a flock ( %eep4 ,! day ( ! big wood5 w>-vessels 0 ov]4 ,x 01 nev]!less1 an ,engli%man & a naval (fic]1 ,capta9 ,c[p] ,coles1 :o s\ght to deprive ,ericsson ( ! honor ( 8 inv5tion4 ,coles decl>$ t he _h devis$ a %ip dur+ ! ,crimean ,w>1 9 :i* a turret or cupola 0 to protect ! guns4 ,ericsson's lett] to ,napoleon ,,iii41 writt5 9 #ahed1 is suffici5t answ] to ?is1 besides :i* ,ericsson's s*eme includes m ?an a /ation>y %ield = ! guns1 :i* is all t ,coles claim$4 ,coles succe$$1 h[ev]1 9 induc+ ! ,briti% ,admiralty to build a vessel accord+ to 8 plans4 ,?is ill-fat$ craft upset (f ,cape ,f9i/]re on ! night ( ,septemb] #f1 #ahgj1 & w5t to ! bottom ) ,coles & a crew ( ne>ly five hundr$ m54 ,hav+ devis$ an app>atus t made wood5 w>-vessels useless1 ,ericsson turn$ 8 att5tion to ! de/ruction ( iron-clads1 & devot$ t5 ye>s ( 8 life to ! con/ruction ( 8 fam\s torp$o-boat1 ! ,de/roy]1 ^u :i* he sp5t ab\t all ! money he amass$ by o!r "w4 ,accord+ to 8 belief1 no vessel afloat c\ld escape annihilation 9 a battle ) 8 ,de/roy]4 ,?is vessel is design$ to run at suffici5t spe$ to ov]take any ( ! iron-clads4 ,x (f]s small surface to ! %ot ( an enemy1 & besides be+ heavily armor$1 x c be p>tly subm]g$ b5ea? ! waves4 ,:5 )9 fight+ di/ance x fires "u wat]1 by compress$ air1 a projectile conta9+ dynamite suffici5t to raise a big w>-%ip out ( ! wat]4 ,! explosion takes place :5 ! projectile meets ) resi/ance1 su* z ! sides ( a %ip4 ,to ,ericsson's great disappo9tm5t1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,gov]nm5t p]si/5tly refus$ to pur*ase ! ,de/roy] or to commission ,ericsson to build m vessels ( h] type4 ,illu/ration3 ,developm5t ( ! ,monitor ,idea4 ,( ,ericsson's home life !re is n mu* to be told4 ,he 0 utt]ly wrapp$ up 9 8 "w4 ,) 8 devot$ secret>y1 ,mr4 ,ar?ur ,taylor1 8 days knew sc>cely any v>iation4 ,( social recreation he _h none4 ,9 conv]sation he 0 abrupt & some:at peculi>1 app>5tly reg>d+ all o!r talk ?an t relat+ to me*anics & g]mane subjects z a wa/e ( words4 ,8 %rewd face1 ) its blue eyes & fr+e ( :ite hair1 0 n an unk9dly "o1 h[ev]1 & ! few workm5 he employ$ 9 ! ,bea* ,/reet h\se 7 devot$ to him4 ,no great man 0 ev] m int5sely av]se to p]sonal notoriety4 ,al?\gh (t5 advis$ to make 8 ,de/roy] bett] kn[n by means ( newspap] articles1 he p]si/5tly refus$ to see newspap] m52 & ! pr(essional int]view] & lion-hunt] 7 8 pet av]sions4 ,x 0 p]haps to avoid !m t he left 8 h\se only aft] nightfall1 & !n b = a walk 9 ! neighborhood4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,room 9 :i* ,ericsson ,work$ = ,m ?an ,tw5ty ,ye>s4 ,8 "t 0 divid$ accord+ to rule4 ,= ?irty ye>s he 0 call$ by 8 s]vant at sev5 o'clock 9 ! morn+1 & took a ba? ( v cold wat]1 ice be+ add$ to x 9 summ]4 ,aft] "s gymna/ic ex]cises came breakfa/ at n9e o'clock1 always ( eggs1 tea1 & br[n bread4 ,8 second & la/ meal ( ! day1 d9n]1 nev] v>i$ f *ops or /eak1 "s vegetables1 & tea & br[n bread aga94 ,ice-wat] 0 ! only luxury t he indulg$ 94 ,he us$ tobacco 9 no =m4 ,dur+ ! daytime he 0 accu/om$ to "w at 8 desk or draw+-table = ab\t t5 h\rs4 ,aft] d9n] he resum$ "w until t51 :5 he />t$ out = ! /roll ( an h\r or m1 :i* always end$ 8 day4 ,! la/ desk "w accompli%$ e day 0 to make a record 9 8 di>y1 always exactly "o page long4 ,?is di>y is 9 ,sw$i% & comprises m ?an f\rte5 ?\s& pages1 ?us cov]+ a p]iod ( =ty ye>s1 dur+ :i* he omitt$ b tw5ty days1 9 #ahef1 :5 he _h a f+] cru%$ by ma*9]y4 ,he sc>cely knew :at sickness 01 & j be=e 8 dea? said t he _h n miss$ a meal = fifte5 ye>s4 ,he 0 a wid[] & left no *ildr54 ,he di$ 9 ! ,bea* ,/reet h\se1 aft] a %ort illness1 on ,m>* #h1 #ahhi1 & 8 rema9s 7 transf]r$ to ,sw$5 ) naval honors4 ,illu/ration3 ,cyrus ,hall ,mc,cormick4 ,,viii4 ,,cyrus ,,hall ,mc,c,o,r,m,i,c,k4 ,9 ! c\rse ( an argum5t be=e ! ,commission] ( ,pat5ts1 9 #ahei1 ! late ,rev]dy ,johnson decl>$ t ! ,mc,cormick reap] 0 wor? #ee1jjj1jjj a ye> to ?is c\ntry1 an e/imate t 0 n disput$4 ,at ab\t ! same "t ! late ,william ,h4 ,sew>d said t ow+ to ,mr4 ,mc,cormick's inv5tion ! l9e ( civilization moves we/w>d ?irty miles ea* ye>4 ,already ! ,london ,times1 aft] ridicul+ ! ,mc,cormick reap] exhibit$ at ! ,london ,_w's ,fair ( #ahea1 z a cross betwe5 an ,a/ley 7circus7 *>iot1 a :eel-b>r[1 & a fly+-ma*9e1 confess$1 :5 ! reap] _h be5 te/$ 9 ! fields1 t x 0 wor? to ! f>m]s ( ,engl& ! :ole co/ ( ?is exhibition4 ,writ+ ( ?is glori\s success1 ,mr4 ,sew>d said3 ,s ! reap] ( #ahca1 z improv$ 9 #ahde1 a*iev$ = its inv5tor a triumph :i* all !n felt & ackn[l$g$ 0 n m a p]sonal "o ?an x 0 a national "o4 ,x 0 ju/ly s reg>d$4 ,no g5]al or consul1 drawn 9 a *>iot ?r\gh ! /reets ( ,rome by ord] ( ! ,s5ate1 ev] conf]r$ ^u mank9d b5efits s great z he :o ?us v9dicat$ ! g5ius ( our c\ntry at ! ,_w's ,exhibition ( ,art 9 ! metropolis ( ! ,briti% empire 9 #ahea4 ,9 #ahfa1 ?\gh decl9+ to ext5d ! pat5t = ! reap]1 ! ,commission] ( ,pat5ts1 ,d4,p4 ,holl[ay1 paid ! inv5tor ?is rem>kable tribute3 ,cyrus ,h4 ,mc,cormick is an inv5tor ^: fame1 :ile he is yet liv+1 has spread ?r\gh ! _w4 ,8 g5ius has done honor to 8 own c\ntry1 & has be5 ! admiration ( =eign nations1 & he w live 9 ! grateful recollection ( mank9d z long z ! reap+-ma*9e is employ$ 9 ga!r+ ! h>ve/4 ,nev]!less ! ext5sion ( ! pat5t ( #ahcd1 :i* act ( ju/ice w\ld h giv5 ! inv5tor an opportunity to obta9 an adequate rew>d = 8 "w1 0 refus$ ^u ! extraord9>y gr\nd t ! reap] 0 ( too great value to ! public to be controll$ by any individual4 ,9 o!r words1 ! b5efit conf]r$ by ,mc,cormick ^u ! c\ntry 0 too great to be paid =2 !re=e no ef=t %\ld be made to pay = x4 ,f9ally1 ! ,fr5* ,academy ( ,sci5ces1 :5 ,mc,cormick 0 elect$ to ! ,in/itute ( ,france--an honor paid b to few ,am]icans--m5tion$ ! election z due to 8 hav+ done m = ! cause ( agriculture ?an any o!r liv+ man4 ,illu/ration3 ,f>m :]e ,cyrus ,h4 ,mc,cormick 0 ,born & ,rais$4 ,x is ?us evid5t t ! trem5d\s s]vice done to ! civiliz$ _w by ! inv5tion ( ! ,mc,cormick reap] 0 appreciat$ ye>s ago4 ,yet x is improbable t ! :ole value ( ! inv5tion 0 fully realiz$4 ,to-day ! ,mc,cormick works at ,*icago turn out ye>ly1 & h turn$ out = sev]al ye>s1 m ?an "o hundr$ ?\s& reap]s & m[]s4 ,at a mod]ate e/imate e ,mc,cormick reap]1 & e reap] f\nd$ ^u x & conta9+ its ess5tial features1 saves ! labor ( six m5 dur+ ! t5 h>ve/ days ( ! ye>4 ,! pres5t numb] ( reap]s 9 op]ation to-day1 all ( !m bas$ ^u ! ,mc,cormick pat5ts1 is e/imat$ at ab\t two million1 s t1 c\nt+ a man's labor at #a a day1 "h is a ye>ly sav+ ( m ?an #ajj1jjj1jjj4 ,! reap] ?us /&s beside ! /eam-eng9e & ! sew+-ma*9e z "o ( ! mo/ important labor-sav+ inv5tions ( our "t1 reliev+ millions ( m5 f ! mo/ ardu\s drudg]y & increas+ ! _w's weal? by hundr$s ( millions ( doll>s e ye>4 ,x is "s satisfaction to "k t ! inv5tor ( ! reap] liv$ to enjoy ! fruits ( 8 "w4 ,a rem>kable man 9 e respect1 8 +5uity1 p]sev]ance1 c\rage "u inju/ice1 & g5]osity f9ally won him n only ! mat]ial rew>ds t 7 8 by "r1 b ! e/eem & honor ( ! civiliz$ _w4 ,l ,fulton & ,morse1 ,cyrus ,hall ,mc,cormick came ( ,scot*-,iri% blood1 a race m>k$ by fix$ purpose1 untir+ indu/ry 9 c>ry+ out t purpose1 a /rong s5se ( moral obligation1 & an unsw]v+ det]m9ation to d "r by ! light ( consci5ce ?\gh ! heav5s fall4 ,he 0 born on ! #ae? ( ,febru>y1 #ahji1 at ,walnut ,grove1 9 ,rockbridge ,c\nty1 ,va41 & 0 ! elde/ ( eight *ildr51 six ( :om liv$ to gr[ up4 ,8 fa!r1 ,rob]t ,mc,cormick1 9 addition to f>m+1 _h work%ops ( consid]able importance on 8 f>m1 z well z a saw-mill & gri/-mill & smelt+ furnaces4 ,9 ^! work%ops "y ,cyrus ,mc,cormick probably got 8 fir/ love = me*anical devices4 ,rob]t ,mc,cormick 0 an inv5tor ( no mean atta9m5t4 ,he devis$ & built a ?re%]1 a hemp-break]1 "s mill improvem5ts1 & 9 #ahaf he made & tri$ a me*anical reap]4 ,9 ^? days s mu* ( ! f>m]'s h>d labor 0 exp5d$ 9 sw++ ! scy! t x seems /range we h no record ( m attempts to make a ma*9e d ! "w4 ,a s*oolma/] nam$ ,ogle is said to h built a reap] 9 #ahbb1 b1 accord+ to 8 own admission1 x w\ld n "w4 ,bell1 a ,scot* m9i/]1 also contriv$ a reap+-ma*9e t 0 tri$ 9 #ahbh4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ! subsequ5t pat5t litigation ov] ! reap] ! claims ( ^! e>ly inv5tors 7 made ! mo/ ( by ,mc,cormick's oppon5ts1 b ! c\rts ( la/ resort inv>iably settl$ ! "q 9 ,mc,cormick's favor4 ,z a f>m] boy1 "y ,cyrus ,mc,cormick began 8 day's "w 9 ! fields at five o'clock4 ,9 w9t] he w5t to ! ,old ,field ,s*ool4 ,dur+ 8 boyhood he w\ld wat* 8 fa!r's exp]im5ts & disappo9tm5ts4 ,8 fir/ attempt 9 ! same direction 0 ! con/ruction1 at ! age ( fifte51 ( a h>ve/+-cradle by :i* he 0 enabl$ to keep up ) an able-bodi$ workman4 ,8 fir/ pat5t$ inv5tion 7#ahca7 0 a pl\gh :i* ?rew alt]nate furr[s on ei!r side1 be+ ?us ei!r a "r-h& or left-h& pl\gh4 ,?is 0 sup]s$$ 9 #ahcc by an improv$ pl\gh1 also by ,mc,cormick1 call$ ! self-%>p5+ pl\gh1 :i* did excell5t "w4 ,8 fa!r hav+ work$ long & unsuccessfully at a me*anical reap]1 x 0 natural t "y ,mc,cormick's m9d %\ld turn ov] ! same problem f "t to "t1 & 8 fa!r's failures did n det] him1 al?\gh ,rob]t ,mc,cormick _h suff]$ s mu* 9 m9d & pocket ?r\gh ! impracticability ( 8 reap] t he w>n$ 8 son aga9/ wa/+ m "t & money ^u ! dream4 ,"o m>tyr to me*anical progress 0 en\gh = ! ,mc,cormick family4 ,b ! possibility ( mak+ a ma*9e d ! h>d1 hot "w ( ! h>ve/-field _h a fasc9ation = ! "y man1 & ! m he /udi$ ! disc>d$ reap+-ma*9e made by 8 fa!r 9 #ahaf1 ! m firmly he became conv9c$ t :ile ! pr9ciple ( t device 0 wrong1 ! "w c\ld be done4 ,9 ^? days ! developm5t ( ! c\ntry really dep5d$ ^u "s bett]1 *eap] way ( h>ve/+4 ,! l& 0 f]tile1 & !re 0 practically no end ( x4 ,b labor 0 sc>ce4 ,illu/ration3 ,ext]ior ( ! ,blacksmi? ,%op :]e ! ,fir/ ,reap] 0 ,built4 ,cyrus ,mc,cormick's pl\gh 0 a success t enc\rag$ him to take hold ( ! m difficult problem ( ! reap]4 ,he f\nd t "s device1 su* z 8 fa!r's1 w\ld cut gra9 aft] a fa%ion1 provid$ x 0 9 p]fect condition & /ood up /raight2 ! mom5t x became matt$ & tangl$ & beat5 d[n by w9d & ra9 ! ma*9e 0 useless4 ,o!r devices _h be5 arrang$ :]eby a fly-:eel arm$ ) sickles sla%$ (f ! heads ( ! :eat1 leav+ ! /alks2 b "h aga9 su* a ma*9e w\ld "w only :5 ! field 0 9 prime condition4 ,he det]m9$ t no device 0 ( any value :i* w\ld n cut gra9 z x might happ5 to /&1 /alk & all4 ,aft] mon?s ( labor 9 8 fa!r's %op1 mak+ e "p ( ! ma*9e himself1 9 bo? wood & iron1 z he said1 he turn$ out1 9 #ahca1 ! fir/ reap] t really cut an av]age field ( :eat satisfactorily4 ,its ?ree great ess5tial features 7 ^? ( ! reap] ( to-day--a vibrat+ cutt+-blade1 a reel to br+ ! gra9 )9 rea* ( ! blade1 a plat=m to receive ! fall+ gra91 & a divid] to sep>ate ! gra9 to be cut f t to be left /&+4 ,?is ma*9e1 drawn by horses1 0 te/$ 9 a field ( six acres ( oats1 belong+ to ,john ,/eele1 )9 a mile ( ,walnut ,grove4 ,its "w a/oni%$ ! neighbor+ f>m]s :o ga!r$ to witness ! te/4 ,! problem ( cutt+ /&+ gra9 by ma*9]y _h be5 solv$4 ,!re 71 h[ev]1 c]ta9 defects 9 ! reap] :i* caus$ ,cyrus ,mc,cormick n to put ! ma*9e on ! m>ket4 ,all ! cog-:eels 7 ( wood4 ,!re 0 no place ^u x = ei!r ! driv] or ! rak]4 ,! =m] rode on ! ne> horse & ! latt] foll[$ on foot1 rak+ ! gra9 f x z be/ he c\ld4 ,b x cut gra9 fa/1 & bo? fa!r & son 7 s impress$ by its possibilities z =e%ad[$ 9 ev5 ?is crude affair1 t = ! next few ye>s !y devot$ _! "t1 money1 & ?\ghts to x4 ,rob]t ,mc,cormick 0 z en?usia/ic z 8 son1 & he is rightly entitl$ to a %>e ( ! honor1 = 8 inv5tion ( #ahaf turn$ ! att5tion ( 8 son to ! problem & po9t$ out ! radical errors to be avoid$4 ,a ye> aft] its fir/ trial1 ) c]ta9 improvem5ts1 ! reap] cut fifty acres ( :eat 9 s p]fect & rapid a mann] z to insure its practical value beyond all d\bt4 ,! self-re/ra9t %[n by ,mc,cormick 9 refus+ to sell ma*9es until he 0 satisfi$ ) !m %[s ! man4 ,! pat5t 0 grant$ 9 #ahcd1 b = six ye>s he kept at "w exp]im5t+1 *ang+1 improv+1 dur+ ! %ort p]iods ( ea* h>ve/4 ,9 a lett] to ! ,commission] ( ,pat5ts1 on file 9 ! ,pat5t ,(fice1 ,mr4 ,mc,cormick said3 ,f ! exp]im5t ( #ahca until ! h>ve/ ( #ahdj ,i did n sell a reap]1 al?\gh dur+ t "t ,i _h _m exhibitions ( x1 = exp]i5ce prov$ to me t x 0 be/ = ! public z well z = myself t no sales 7 made1 z defects pres5t$ !mselves t w\ld r5d] ! reap] unpr(itable 9 o!r h&s4 ,_m improvem5ts 7 f\nd necess>y1 requir+ a great deal ( ?\ght & /udy4 ,i 0 sometimes flatt]$1 at o!r times disc\rag$1 & at all times deem$ x be/ n to attempt ! sale ( ma*9es until satisfi$ t ! reap] w\ld succe$4 ,illu/ration3 ,int]ior ( ! ,blacksmi? ,%op :]e ! ,fir/ ,reap] 0 ,built4 ,ab\t #ahce ! ,mc,cormicks engag$ 9 a p>tn]%ip = ! smelt+ ( iron ore4 ,! reap]1 z a bus9ess pursuit1 0 yet 9 ! di/ance1 & ! new iron indu/ry (f]$ l>ge pr(its4 ,! panic ( #ahcg swept away ^! hopes4 ,cyrus sacrific$ all he _h1 ev5 ! f>m giv5 him by 8 fa!r1 to settle 8 debts1 & 8 scrupul\s integrity 9 ?is matt] turn$ disa/] into bless+1 = x compell$ him to take up ! reap] ) r5ew$ en]gy4 ,) ! aid ( 8 fa!r & ( 8 bro!rs1 ,william & ,le&]1 he began ! manufacture ( ! ma*9e 9 ! primitive work%op at ,walnut ,grove1 turn+ out less ?an fifty ma*9es a ye>1 all ( !m made "u great disadvantages4 ,! sickles 7 made =ty miles away1 & z !re 7 no railroads 9 ^? days1 ! blades1 six feet long1 _h to be c>ri$ on horseback4 ,nei!r 0 x easy1 :5 once ! ma*9es 7 made1 to get !m to m>ket4 ,! fir/ consignm5t s5t to ! ,we/]n prairies1 9 #ahdd1 0 tak5 9 wagons f ,walnut ,grove to ,scottsville1 !n d[n ! canal to ,ri*mond1 ,va42 !nce by wat] to ,new ,orleans1 & !n up ! ,mississippi & ,ohio ,riv]s to ,c9c9nati4 ,! great ,we/1 ) its va/ prairies1 0 ! natural m>ket = ! reap]4 ,^u ! small f>ms ( ! ,ea/ h& labor might /ill suffice = ! h>ve/2 9 ! ,we/1 :]e ! f>ms 7 enorm\s & labor sc>ce1 x 0 out ( ! "q4 ,realiz+ t :ile 8 reap] 0 a luxury 9 ,virg9ia1 x 0 a necessity 9 ,ohio & ,ill9ois1 ,cyrus ,mc,cormick w5t to ,c9c9nati 9 ! autumn ( #ahdd & began manufactur+4 ,at ! same "t he made "s valuable improvem5ts & obta9$ a second pat5t4 ,! reap] _h become kn[n & ! inv5tor rode on horseback ?r\gh ,ill9ois & ,wiscons91 obta9+ f>m]s' ord]s = reap]s1 :i* he (f]$ to ,a4,c4 ,br[n1 ( ,c9c9nati1 z security = paym5t1 if he w\ld use 8 work%ops = manufactur+ !m4 ,mc,cormick 0 enabl$ also to arrange ) a firm 9 ,brockport1 ,n4,y41 to make 8 reap]s on a royalty1 & ?is bus9ess provid$ ! great :eat di/rict ( ,c5tral ,new ,york ) ma*9es4 ,9 #ahdg & #ahdh he obta9$ /ill o!r pat5ts = new features ( ! reap]4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,fir/ ,reap]4 ,9 #ahdf he _h already fix$ ^u ,*icago z ! be/ c5tre ( op]ations = ! reap] bus9ess1 & at ! close ( ! ye> he mov$ !re4 ,! next ye> ! sale ( ! reap]s rose to sev5 hundr$1 & m ?an d\bl$ 9 #ahdi4 ,hav+ associat$ 8 two bro!rs1 ,william ,s4 & ,le&] ,j41 ) him1 ,cyrus ,mc,cormick f\nd "t to devote himself to introduc+ ! reap] 9 ! ,old ,_w4 ,! ,am]ican exhibit at ! ,london ,_w's ,fair ( #ahea 0 r a small "o1 r$eem$ l>gely by ! ,mc,cormick reap]1 :i* ! ,london ,times1 z ,i h already said1 prais$ z wor? to ! f>m]s ( ,great ,brita9 m ?an ! :ole co/ ( ! exhibition4 ,to x 0 aw>d$ ! gr& prize1 kn[n z ! c\ncil m$al4 ,! reap]'s advance 9 public favor 0 z /eady on ! o!r side ( ! wat] z "h1 & m$als & honors 7 aw>d$ ,mc,cormick at _m important exhibitions4 ,dur+ ! ,p>is ,exposition ( #ahfg ,mc,cormick sup]9t5d$ ! "w ( 8 reap]s at a field trial held by ! exposition au?orities1 & s conclusively defeat$ all competitors t ,napoleon ,,iii41 :o walk$ aft] ! reap]s1 express$ 8 det]m9ation to conf] ^u ! inv5tor1 !n & !re1 ! ,cross ( ! ,legion ( ,honor4 ,at ! ,fr5* ,exposition ( #ahgh ! ,mc,cormick wire-b9d] won ! gr& prize4 ,f #ahej ! success ( ! reap] 0 assur$4 ,mr4 ,mc,cormick might h re/$ cont5t ) :at _h be5 a*iev$1 b x 0 n 8 nature4 ,he n only cont9u$ to be> ^u 8 %\ld]s ! l>g] %>e ( responsibility ( ! rapidly gr[+ bus9ess1 b he labor$ p]si/5tly to add to ! effectiv5ess ( 8 inv5tion4 ,! great fire t swept ,*icago 9 #ahga left no?+ ( ! already important works e/abli%$ by ,mr4 ,mc,cormick4 ,b1 z might be expect$ f su* a man1 he 0 a t[] ( /r5g? to ! city 9 h] "t ( di/ress1 & "o ( ^? to rally fir/ f ! bl[ & to inspire hope4 ,)9 a ye>1 assi/$ by 8 bro!r ,le&]1 he _h rais$ f ! a%es an imm5se e/abli%m5t1 :i* ) ! gr[? ( ! la/ few ye>s n[ cov]s =ty acres ( gr\nd4 ,m ?an #b1jjj m5 are "h employ$4 ,! /ati/ics = la/ ye> %[ t m ?an #bj1jjj tons ( special b>-iron & /eel1 #b1hjj tons ( %eet /eel1 & #bf1jjj tons ( ca/+s 7 us$ 9 mak+ ! #adb1jjj ma*9es sold4 ,t5 million feet ( lumb] 7 us$1 *iefly 9 box+ & crat+1 z v little wood is n[ us$ 9 ! reap]4 ,?is is a m>vell\s developm5t f ! little ,virg9ia %op ( #ahdj1 ) its output ( "o ma*9e a week1 & ! gr[? means f> m = ! c\ntry at l>ge ?an might be inf]r$ f ^! figures2 ! f>m]s ( ! _w owe m to ! ,mc,cormick reap] ?an !y c repay4 ,! :ir ( ! ,am]ican reap] is he>d ar\nd ! _w4 ,9 ,egypt1 ,russia1 ,india1 ,au/ralia ! ma*9e is help+ man ) m ?an a giant's /r5g?4 ,rec5t ,am]ican travell]s ?r\gh ,p]sia h describ$ ! s+ul> effect produc$ ^u !m by see+ ! ,mc,cormick reap] do+ its /eady "w 9 ! fields ov] :i* ,h>\n ,al ,ras*id may h roam$4 ,& ?is wond]ful ma*9e is foll[$ ) awe by ! m ignorant ( ! natives1 :o look ^u its a*ievem5ts z little %ort ( magical4 ,!y are n f> wrong1 h[ev]1 = x is m amaz+ ?an any wond] describ$ 9 _! ,arabian ,nights4 ,! la/ ye>s ( ,cyrus ,h4 ,mc,cormick's life 7 su* z h fall5 to few ( ! _w's b5efactors1 = z a rule ! pione] :o %[s ! road has a h>d "t ( x1 ev5 unto ! end4 ,mr4 ,mc,cormick _h ! satisfaction ( kn[+ n only t by 8 inv5tion he _h conf]r$ a bless+ ^u ! workm5 ( ! _w1 b t ! _w _h ackn[l$g$ ! debt4 ,mat]ial prosp]ity1 h[ev]1 0 n consid]$ any reason = luxuri\s idl5ess4 ,to ! close ( 8 life ,mr4 ,mc,cormick cont9u$ to sup]vise ! bus9ess ( 8 firm & to make ! reap] m p]fect4 ,no great exhibition abroad or 9 ?is c\ntry pass$ )\t "s ( its honors fall+ to ! %>e ( ! ,mc,cormick reap]4 ,! private life ( ,cyrus ,h4 ,mc,cormick 0 a happy "o1 & to ?is may be attribut$ no small %>e ( ! ela/icity & c\rage t recogniz$ no defeat z f9al4 ,congress fail$ to d him ju/ice2 8 bus9ess 0 attack$ by hordes ( rivals2 x 0 int]rupt$ by ! fire ( #ahga & aft]w>d ?reat5$ by labor /rikes incit$ by self-seek+ demagogues4 ,h>d "w 0 ! rule ( 8 life & n ! exception4 ,b t 8 nature rema9$ sweet & j is %[n by 8 untir+ "w ^u behalf ( o!rs4 ,8 home life1 z ,i h j rem>k$1 0 unusually bless$4 ,9 #aheh he m>ri$ ,miss ,nettie ,f[l]1 a daught] ( ,melz> ,f[l]1 ( ,jeff]son ,c\nty1 ,new ,york4 ,( ! sev5 *ildr5 born ( ?is m>riage1 five liv$ to gr[ up1 8 son1 ,cyrus ,h4 ,mc,cormick1 n[ occupy+ 8 fa!r's place at ! head ( ! great works 9 ,*icago4 ,"o ( ! daught]s1 ,anita1 is ! wid[ ( ,emmons ,bla9e4 ,! inv5tor ( ! reap+-ma*9e di$ on ! #ac? ( ,may1 #ahhd4 ,rob]t ,h4 ,p>k9son1 ( ,c9c9nati1 speaks z foll[s ( "o ( ! la/ int]views he _h ) ,mr4 ,mc,cormick3 ,?\gh /ruggl+ ) ! infirmities ( age1 he took on a k9d ( maje/y :i* belongs alone to t comb9ation ( great m5tal & moral /r5g?1 & he surpris$ me by ! p[] ) :i* he grappl$ ! matt]s "u discussion1 & ! /rong p]sonality be=e :i* ob/acles w5t d[n z swiftly & inevitably z gra9 be=e ! knife ( 8 ma*9e4 ,i ?9k myself =tunate 9 hav+ _h ?is glimpse ( him & 9 be+ able to rememb] ) s mu* p]sonal association a life s complete 9 its a*ievem5ts1 s f>-rea*+ 9 its impress1 alike ^u ! mat]ial1 moral1 & religi\s progress ( ! c\ntry1 & s ?or\ghly successful & b5eficial 9 e dep>tm5t ( activity & influ5ce :i* x ent]$4 ,"o ( 8 fri5ds1 speak+ ( ,mr4 ,mc,cormick1 said3 ,t :i* gave int5sity to 8 purpose1 /r5g? to 8 w1 & n]v$ him ) p]sev]ance t nev] fail$ 0 8 supreme reg>d = ju/ice1 8 wor%ipful rev]5ce = ! true & "r4 ,! ?or\ghness ( 8 conviction t ju/ice mu/ be done1 t "r mu/ be ma9ta9$1 made him ins5sible to reproa* & impati5t ( delay4 ,i d n wond] t 8 "* 0 /rong1 nor t 8 purpose 0 inv9cible1 nor t 8 plans 7 cr[n$ ) an ultimate & signal success1 = :]e conviction ( "r is ! motive-p[] & ! atta9m5t ( ju/ice ! end 9 view1 ) fai? 9 ,god !re is no su* ^w z fail4 ,cyrus ,h4 ,mc,cormick 0 n only ! inv5tor ( a great labor-sav+ device1 b he help$ 8 fell[-man 9 o!r ways4 ,philan?ropy1 religion1 education1 j\rnalism1 & politics receiv$ a %>e ( 8 att5tion4 ,m ?an ?irty ye>s ago he 0 already an active p[] = good 9 ! c\ncils ( 8 *ur*4 ,9 #ahei he propos$ to ! ,g5]al ,assembly ( ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur* to end[ ) #ajj1jjj ! pr(essor%ips ( a !ological sem9>y1 to be e/abli%$ 9 ,*icago4 ,?is 0 done1 & dur+ 8 lifetime he gave ab\t half a million doll>s to ?is in/itution--! ,!ological ,sem9>y ( ! ,nor?we/4 ,! ,mc,cormick pr(essor%ip ( natural philosophy 9 ! ,wa%+ton & ,lee ,univ]sity ( ,virg9ia1 & gifts to ! ,union ,!ological ,sem9>y at ,hampd5-,sidney1 & to ! college at ,ha/+s1 ,neb41 also atte/ 8 solicitude = ! *ur* 9 :i* he _h be5 re>$ & ( :i* he _h be5 a memb] s9ce #ahcd4 ,9 #ahgb he came to ! aid ( ! /ruggl+ organ ( ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur* 9 ! ,nor?we/1 ! ,int]ior1 & us$ x to fo/] union betwe5 ! ,old & ! ,new ,s*ools 9 ! *ur*1 to aid 9 h>moniz+ ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur* 9 ! ,nor? & ,s\?1 to advance ! int]e/s ( ! ,!ological ,sem9>y1 & to promote ! welf>e ( ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur* 9 ! ,nor?we/4 ,"u 8 c>e & advice ! ,int]ior grew to be a mighty voice1 express+ ! convictions1 ! aspirations1 & hopes ( a great *ur*4 ,illu/ration3 ,?omas ,a4 ,edison4 ,,ix4 ,,?omas ,a4 ,,edison4 ,illu/ration3 ,edison's ,pap] ,c>bon ,lamp4 ,?omas ,a4 ,edison is sometimes spok5 ( r z a ma/] me*anic ?an z a ma/] inv5tor or discov]]1 & ) reg>d to "s ( 8 "w--,i might ev5 say mo/ ( x--?is *>act]ization holds true4 ,edison's fame is *iefly associat$ 9 ! popul> m9d ) ! electric light4 ,yet x is p]fectly well kn[n to e /ud5t ( ! matt]1 t 9 all t he has done t[>d mak+ ! electric light a useful e-day--or p]haps ,i %\ld say e-night--affair1 he has simply made practicable :at o!r m5 _h inv5t$ or discov]$ be=e him4 ,! fundam5tal discov]y ^u :i* ! inc&esc5t electric lamp is f\nd$--t a wire ( metal or o!r sub/ance if heat$ to inc&esc5ce 9 a glass bulb f :i* ! air has be5 exhau/$ w give light = a long] or %ort] "t1 accord+ to ! "* ( ! app>atus & ! degree to :i* a p]fect vacuum has be5 effect$ 9 ! bulb--?is dates f ! fir/ half ( ! c5tury4 ,z e>ly z #ahdi ,despretz1 ! ,fr5* sci5ti/1 describ$ a s]ies ( exp]im5ts ) /icks ( c>bon seal$ 9 a glass globe f :i* air _h be5 exhau/$4 ,:5 a p[]ful curr5t 0 pass$ ?r\gh ! c>bon filam5t x became lum9\s & rema9$ s = a %ort "t4 ,?is 01 p]haps1 ! fir/ ( a long l9e ( simil> exp]im5ts 9 :i* a numb] ( ,am]ican physici/s--,f>m]1 ,drap]1 ,h5ry1 ,morse1 & ,maxim among !m--took "p4 ,b not)/&+ ! labors ( a score ( exp]ts 9 ,europe & ?is c\ntry1 ! inc&esc5t electric light--! wire 9 a glass bulb exhau/$ ( its air--rema9$ a laboratory curiosity up to ! "t1 fifte5 ye>s ago1 :5 ,edison took hold ( x4 ,x gave light only = a %ort "t & 0 too exp5sive a toy = practical use4 ,! c>bon burn$ out or dis9tegrat$1 & ! lamp fail$4 ,edison took hold ( ! me*anical difficulties ( ! problem4 ,) a pati5ce1 an +5uity1 a f]tility ( device 9 :i* he /&s alone1 he got to ! bottom ( ea* radical defect & rem$i$ x4 ,! lamp w\ld n burn long because ! plat9um wire us$ gave out1 p>tly because plat9um 0 n fitt$ = ! "w1 fus+ at too l[ a temp]ature4 ,edison sub/itut$ c>boniz$ /rips ( pap]4 ,^! 9 turn fail$1 & he f\nd a species ( bamboo t answ]$4 ,! lamp w\ld n burn because air /ill rema9$ 9 ! little bulbs not)/&+ ! mo/ c>eful manipulation ) ,spr5gel pumps to exhau/ ! air4 ,edison inv5t$ new pumps & devices by :i* ! air1 d[n to "o million? "p1 0 exclud$4 ,! lamp co/ too mu* to op]ate1 because l>ge copp] wires 7 ne$$ to c>ry ! curr5t1 & ! g5]ators us$ up /eam p[] too fa/4 ,edison devis$ new =ms ( conductors & g5]ators4 ,all su* "w call$ m = me*anical +5uity ?an = actual inv5tion4 ,no new pr9ciples 7 involv$--m]ely ! bett] adaptation ( kn[n me?ods4 ,giv5 a p]fect c>bon1 a globe p]fectly free f air1 *eap electric curr5t1 & *eap means ( c>ry+ x f ! g5]at+ ma*9e to ! lamps1 & ! problem 0 solv$4 ,edison1 z a ma/] me*anic1 furni%$ all ?is1 or at lea/ s ne>ly solv$ ! problem z to entitle him to claim cr$it = hav+ giv5 ! electric light to ! _w--a bett] illum9ant ?an gas 9 e way1 & de/9$ "s day to be inf9itely *eap]4 ,) reg>d to ,edison's "w ^u ! telegraph1 telephone1 electric railway1 dynamo1 ! ore-extract+ ma*9es1 ! electric p51 & a score ( o!r inv5tions :i* h made him ! mo/ pr(itable cu/om] ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,pat5t ,(fice 9 ?is or any o!r g5]ation1 ! labor ( ?is rem>kable g5ius has also be5 l>gely t ( "o :o made practical & useful ! dreams ( o!rs4 ,& ,i am by no means sure t ! man :o does ?is is n entitl$ to m cr$it ?an he :o simply sugge/s t su* & su* a wond] might be accompli%$ & /ops !re4 ,x is c]ta9 t be=e ,edison we _h no electric lights2 n[ we h !m 9 e important build+ 9 ! c\ntry1 & ere long %all h !m ev]y:]e4 ,edison dislikes int5sely ! t]m discov]] z appli$ to himself4 ,discov]y is n inv5tion1 he once rem>k$ 9 ! c\rse ( an int]e/+ talk ) ,mr4 ,george ,p>sons ,la?rop1 pr9t$ 9 ,h>p]'s ,magaz9e4 ,a discov]y is m or less 9 ! nature ( an accid5t4 ,a man walks along ! road int5d+ to cat* ! tra94 ,on ! way 8 foot kicks aga9/ some?+1 & look+ d[n to see :at he has hit1 he sees a gold bracelet emb$d$ 9 ! du/4 ,he has discov]$ t1 c]ta9ly n inv5t$ x4 ,he did n set out to f9d a bracelet1 yet ! value ( x is j z great to him at ! mom5t z if1 aft] long ye>s ( /udy1 he _h inv5t$ a ma*9e = mak+ a gold bracelet out ( common road metal4 ,goodye> discov]$ ! way to make h>d rubb]4 ,he 0 at "w exp]im5t+ ) india-rubb]1 & q by *ance he hit ^u a process :i* h>d5$ x--! la/ result 9 ! _w t he wi%$ or expect$ to atta94 ,9 a discov]y !re mu/ be an elem5t ( ! accid5tal1 & an important "o1 too2 :ile an inv5tion is purely d$uctive4 ,9 my own case b few1 & ^? ! lea/ important1 ( my inv5tions ow$ any?+ to accid5t4 ,mo/ ( !m h be5 hamm]$ out aft] long & pati5t labor1 & are ! result ( c\ntless exp]im5ts all direct$ t[>d atta9+ "s well-def9$ object4 ,all me*anical improvem5ts may safely be said to be inv5tions & n discov]ies4 ,! sew+-ma*9e 0 an inv5tion4 ,s 7 ! /eam-eng9e & ! typewrit]4 ,speak+ ( ?is latt]1 did ,i ev] tell y t ,i made ! fir/ twelve typewrit]s at my old factory 9 ,railroad ,av5ue1 ,new>k8 ,?is 0 9 #ahfi or #ahgj1 & ,i myself _h work$ at a ma*9e ( simil> "*1 b nev] f\nd "t to develop x fully4 ,illu/ration3 ,edison ,li/5+ to 8 ,phonograph4 ,!re is "o great inv5tion1 h[ev]1 = :i* ,edison des]ves cr$it1 bo? z discov]] & practical inv5tor--! phonograph4 ,"h 0 a g5u9e discov]y4 ,! phonograph kn[s no o!r p>5t ?an ,edison1 & he has br\ght x to its pres5t condition by devotion & tireless skill4 ,i h always believ$ 9 ! phonograph z an in/rum5t de/9$ to play "s day an important "p among ! bless+s t +5uity has giv5 to man4 ,!re are /ill ob/acles 9 ! way ( its practical success1 b t ! miss+ screw or spr+--p]haps no m ?an t--w be f\nd 9 ! ne> future1 is n d\bt$ by any compet5t obs]v]4 ,?omas ,alva ,edison 0 born ,febru>y #aa1 #ahdg1 at ,milan1 ,erie ,c\nty1 ,o41 an obscure canal village4 ,:5 a small boy1 8 family1 a mo/ humble "o 78 fa!r be+ a village jack-(-all-trades1 liv+ ^u odd jobs done = neighbor+ f>m]s71 mov$ to ,port ,huron1 ,mi*41 :]e ,edison's boyhood 0 pass$4 ,!re 8 fa!r 0 9 turn tailor1 well-digg]1 nurs]y-man1 deal] 9 gra91 lumb]1 & f>m l&s4 ,8 p>5ts 7 ( ,dut*-,scot* desc5t & gave him ! iron con/itution t enables him to-day1 at ! age ( =ty-sev51 to tire out ! mo/ robu/ ( 8 assi/ants4 ,"o ( 8 ance/ors liv$ to ! age ( "o hundr$ & two1 & ano!r to ! age ( "o hundr$ & ?ree1 s t we may reasonably expect ! fam\s inv5tor to op5 ! door = u to /ill o!r wond]s ( :i* we d n yet ev5 dream4 ,8 "m1 born 9 ,massa*usetts1 _h a good education & at "o "t taught s*ool 9 ,canada4 ,( regul> s*ool+1 "y ,edison _h b two mon?s 9 8 life4 ,:atev] else he knew z a boy he le>n$ f 8 "m4 ,!re are no records %[+ extraord9>y promise on 8 "p4 ,he 0 an omnivor\s read]1 hav+ an int5se curiosity ab\t ! _w & its great m54 ,at t5 ye>s ( age he 0 read+ ,hume's ,engl&1 ,gibbon's ,rome1 ! ,p5ny ,encyclopdia1 & "s books on *emi/ry4 ,at ! age ( twelve he ent]$ ^u 8 life "w z newsboy on ! ,gr& ,trunk ,railroad ( ,canada & ! ,mi*igan ,c5tral1 sell+ pap]s1 books1 c&ies1 etc41 to ! pass5g]s4 ,7 y "o ( ! tra9-boys1 he 0 once ask$1 :o sold figs 9 boxes ) bottoms half an in* ?ick8 ,if ,i recollect aright1 he repli$1 ) a m]ry tw9kle1 ! bottoms ( my boxes 7 a good in*4 ,illu/ration3 ,f ,edison's ,newspap]1 ! ,gr& ,trunk ,h]ald4 ,p]haps ! twelve-ye>-old boy le>n$ some?+ f ! books & pap]s he sold4 ,at all ev5ts he says t ! love ( *emi/ry1 ev5 at t age1 l$ him to make ! corn] ( ! baggage-c> :]e he /or$ 8 w>es a small laboratory1 fitt$ up ) su* retorts & bottles z he c\ld pick up 9 ! railroad work%ops4 ,he _h a copy ( ,fres5ius's ,qualitative ,analysis1 into :i* he plung$ ) ! ardor a small boy usually %[s = no?+ lit]>y unless x has a yell[ cov] decorat$ ) an ,indian's head4 ,he seems also to h _h a habit ( hang+ ar\nd all int]e/+ places1 f a ma*9e-%op to a pr9t+-(fice1 keep+ 8 eyes v wide op54 ,9 "o su* exp$ition he receiv$ z a gift f ,w4,f4 ,/orey1 ( ! ,detroit ,free ,press1 ?ree hundr$ p\nds ( old type ?r[n out z useless4 ,) an old h&-press he began pr9t+ a pap] ( 8 own1 ! ,gr& ,trunk ,h]ald1 ( :i* he sold sev]al hundr$ copies a week1 ! employees ( ! road be+ 8 be/ cu/om]s4 ,my news1 he says1 talk+ ( ?is "t1 0 purely local4 ,b ,i 0 pr\d ( my newspap] & look$ ^u myself z a full-fl$g$ newspap] man4 ,my items us$ to run ab\t l ?is3 ',john ,rob9son1 baggage-ma/] at ,james's ,creek ,/ation1 fell (f ! plat=m ye/]day & hurt 8 leg4 ,! boys are sorry = ,john4' ,or1 ',no4 #c ,burl+ton eng9e has gone into ! %$ = repairs4' ,?is 0 ,edison's only dip into a lit]>y occupation4 ,he has no pr$ilection 9 t way4 ,he realizes ! value ( newspap]s & books1 b *iefly z tools1 & 8 spl5did libr>y at ! ,orange laboratory1 kept ) scrupul\s sy/em1 is fill$ ) sci5tific books & p]iodicals only4 ,telegraphy 0 to be ! field 9 :i* he 0 to w9 8 fir/ laurels4 ,"s ye>s ago he told ! /ory z foll[s3 ,at ! beg9n+ ( ! civil w> ,i 0 slav+ late & e>ly at sell+ pap]s2 b1 to tell ! tru?1 ,i 0 n mak+ a =tune4 ,i work$ on s small a m>g9 t ,i _h to be mighty c>eful n to ov]load myself ) pap]s t ,i c\ld n sell4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,i c\ld n af=d to c>ry s few t ,i %\ld f9d myself sold out long be=e ! end ( ! trip4 ,to enable myself to hit ! happy mean1 ,i =m$ a plan :i* turn$ out admirably4 ,i made a fri5d ( "o ( ! compositors ( ! ,free ,press (fice1 & p]suad$ him to %[ me e day a 'galley-pro(' ( ! mo/ important news article4 ,f a /udy ( its head-l9es ,i soon le>n$ to gauge ! value ( ! day's news & its sell+ capacity1 s t ,i c\ld =m a tol]ably correct e/imate ( ! numb] ( pap]s ,i %\ld ne$4 ,z a rule ,i c\ld dispose ( ab\t two hundr$2 b if !re 0 any special news f ! seat ( w>1 ! sale ran up to ?ree hundr$ or ov]4 ,well1 "o day my compositor br\ght me a pro(-slip ( :i* ne>ly ! :ole 0 tak5 up ) a gigantic display head4 ,x 0 ! fir/ report ( ! battle ( ,pittsburgh ,l&+--aft]w>d call$ ,%iloh1 y "k--& x gave ! numb] ( kill$ & w\nd$ z sixty ?\s& m54 ,i grasp$ ! situation at once4 ,"h 0 a *ance = enorm\s sales1 if only ! p along ! l9e c\ld "k :at _h happ5$6 ,if only !y c\ld see ! pro(-slip ,i 0 !n read+6 ,sudd5ly an idea occurr$ to me4 ,i ru%$ (f to ! telegraph-op]ator & gravely made a proposition to him :i* he receiv$ j z gravely4 ,he on 8 "p 0 to wire to ea* ( ! pr9cipal /ations on our r\te1 ask+ ! /ation-ma/] to *alk up on ! bullet9-bo>d--us$ = ann\nc+ ! "t ( arrival & dep>ture ( tra9s--! news ( ! great battle1 ) its accompany+ slaught]4 ,?is he 0 to d at once1 :ile ,i1 9 return1 agre$ to supply him ) curr5t lit]ature 'free1 gratis1 = no?+' dur+ ! next six mon?s f t date4 ,?is b>ga9 /ruck1 ,i began to be?9k me h[ ,i 0 to get en\gh pap]s to make ! gr& c\p ,i int5d$4 ,i _h v little ca% &1 ,i fe>$1 /ill less cr$it4 ,i w5t to ! sup]9t5d5t ( ! deliv]y dep>tm5t1 & pref]r$ a mode/ reque/ = "o ?\s& copies ( ! ,free ,press on tru/4 ,i 0 n mu* surpris$ :5 my reque/ 0 curtly & gruffly refus$4 ,9 ^? days1 ?\gh1 ,i 0 a pretty *eeky boy & ,i felt desp]ate1 = ,i saw a small =tune 9 prospect if my telegraph op]ator _h kept 8 ^w--a po9t on :i* ,i 0 /ill a trifle d\btful4 ,n]v+ myself = a great /roke1 ,i m>*$ up/airs into ! (fice ( ,wilbur ,f4 ,/orey himself & ask$ to see him4 ,a few m9utes lat] ,i 0 %[n 9 to him4 ,i told :o ,i 01 & t ,i want$ fifte5 hundr$ copies ( ! pap] on cr$it4 ,! tall1 ?91 d>k-ey$1 ascetic-look+ man />$ at me = a mom5t & !n scrat*$ a few words on a slip ( pap]4 ',take t d[n/airs1' said he1 '& y w get :at y want4' ,& s ,i did4 ,!n ,i felt happi] ?an ,i h ev] felt s9ce4 ,i took my fifte5 hundr$ pap]s1 got ?ree boys to help me fold !m1 & m\nt$ ! tra9 all agog to f9d out :e!r ! telegraph op]ator _h kept 8 ^w4 ,at ! t[n :]e our fir/ /op 0 made ,i usually sold two pap]s4 ,z ! tra9 swung into t /ation ,i look$ ahead & ?\ght !re mu/ be a riot go+ on4 ,a big cr[d fill$ ! plat=m & z ! tra9 drew up ,i began to realize t !y want$ my pap]s4 ,be=e we left ,i _h sold a hundr$ or two at five c5ts apiece4 ,at ! next /ation ! place 0 fairly black ) p4 ,i rais$ ! 'ante' & sold ?ree hundr$ pap]s at t5 c5ts ea*4 ,s x w5t on until ,port ,huron 0 rea*$4 ,!n ,i transf]r$ my rema9+ /ock to ! wagon :i* always wait$ = me !re1 hir$ a small boy to sit on ! pile ( pap]s 9 ! back1 s z to disc\nt any pilf]+1 & sold out e pap] ,i _h at a qu>t] ( a doll> or m p] copy4 ,i rememb] ,i pass$ a *ur* full ( wor%ipp]s1 & /opp$ to yell out my news4 ,9 t5 seconds !re 0 n a s\l left 9 meet+4 ,all ( !m1 includ+ ! p>son1 7 clu/]$ ar\nd me1 bidd+ aga9/ ea* o!r = copies ( ! preci\s pap]4 ,y c und]/& :y x /ruck me !n t ! telegraph mu/ be ab\t ! be/ ?+ go+1 = x 0 ! telegraphic notices on ! bullet9-bo>ds t _h done ! trick4 ,i det]m9$ at once to become a telegraph-op]ator4 ,b if x hadn't be5 = ,wilbur ,f4 ,/orey ,i %\ld nev] h fully appreciat$ ! wond]s ( electrical sci5ce4 ,telegraphy became a hobby ) ! boy4 ,f e op]ator along ! road he pick$ up some?+4 ,he /rung ! basem5t ( 8 fa!r's h\se at ,port ,huron ) wires1 & con/ruct$ a %ort l9e1 us+ = ! batt]ies /ove-pipe wire1 old bottles1 nails1 & z9c :i* ur*9s ( ! neighborhood 7 induc$ to cut out f "u ! /oves ( _! unsuspect+ mo!rs & br+ to "y ,edison at ?ree c5ts a p\nd4 ,9 ord] to save "t = 8 exp]im5ts1 he _h ! habit ( leap+ f a tra9 :ile x 0 go+ at ! rate ( tw5ty-five miles an h\r1 l&+ ^u a pile ( s& arrang$ by him = t purpose4 ,an act ( p]sonal c\rage--! sav+ ( ! /ation-ma/]'s *ild at ,port ,clem5ts f an advanc+ tra9--0 a turn+-po9t 9 8 c>e]1 = ! grateful fa!r taught him telegraph+ 9 ! regul> way4 ,telegraphy 0 !n 9 its infancy1 comp>atively speak+2 op]ators 7 few1 & good wages c\ld be e>n$ by means ( mu* less pr(ici5cy ?an is n[ requir$4 ,/ill1 ,edison _h s little leisure at 8 disposal = le>n+ ! new trade1 t x took him sev]al ye>s to become an exp]t op]ator4 ,mo/ ( 8 /udies 7 c>ri$ on 9 ! corn] ( ! baggage-c> t s]v$ him z pr9t+-(fice1 laboratory1 & bus9ess headqu>t]s4 ,) s _m irons 9 ! fire1 mi%aps 7 sure to occur4 ,once he receiv$ a drubb+ on acc\nt ( an article reflect+ unpleasantly ^u "s employee ( ! road4 ,"o day dur+ 8 abs5ce a bottle ( phosphorus upset & set ! old railroad caboose on fire1 :]eupon ! conductor ?rew out all ! pa9fully acquir$ app>atus & ?ra%$ its own]4 ,edison's fir/ regul> employm5t z telegraph-op]ator 0 at ,indianapolis :5 he 0 eighte5 ye>s old4 ,he receiv$ a small sal>y = day-"w 9 ! railroad (fice !re1 & at night he us$ to receive newspap] reports = practice4 ,! regul> op]ator 0 a man giv5 to copi\s libations1 :o 0 glad en\gh to sleep (f _! effects :ile ,edison & a "y fri5d ( 8 nam$ ,p>mley did 8 "w4 ,i w\ld sit d[n1 says ,edison1 = t5 m9utes1 & 'take' z mu* z ,i c\ld f ! in/rum5t1 c>ry+ ! re/ 9 my head4 ,!n :ile ,i wrote out1 ,p>mley w\ld s]ve 8 turn at 'tak+1' & s on4 ,?is work$ well until !y put a new man on at ! ,c9c9nati end4 ,he 0 "o ( ! quicke/ despat*]s 9 ! bus9ess1 & we soon f\nd x 0 hopeless = u to try to keep up ) him4 ,!n x 0 t ,i work$ out my fir/ inv5tion1 & necessity 0 c]ta9ly ! "m ( x4 ,i got two old ,morse regi/]s & arrang$ !m 9 su* a way t by runn+ a /rip ( pap] ?r\gh !m ! dots & da%es 7 record$ on x by ! fir/ in/rum5t z fa/ z !y 7 deliv]$ f ! ,c9c9nati end1 & 7 transmitt$ to u ?r\gh ! o!r in/rum5t at any desir$ rate ( spe$4 ,!y w\ld come 9 on "o in/rum5t at ! rate ( =ty words a m9ute1 & w\ld be gr\nd out ( our in/rum5t at ! rate ( tw5ty-five4 ,!n w]5't we pr\d6 ,our copy us$ to be s clean & beautiful t we hung x up on exhibition2 & our manag] us$ to come & gaze at x sil5tly ) a puzzl$ expression4 ,he c\ld n und]/& x1 nei!r c\ld any ( ! o!r op]ators2 = we us$ to hide my impromptu automatic record] :5 our toil 0 ov]4 ,b ! cra% came :5 !re 0 a big night's "w--a ,presid5tial vote1 ,i ?9k x 0--& copy kept p\r+ 9 at ! top rate ( spe$ until we fell an h\r & a half or two h\rs beh9d4 ,! newspap]s s5t 9 frantic compla9ts1 an inve/igation 0 made1 & our little s*eme 0 discov]$4 ,we c\ldn't use x any m4 ,illu/ration3 ,edison's ,t9foil ,phonograph--! ,fir/ ,practical ,ma*9e4 ,x 0 t same rude automatic record] t indirectly l$ me long aft]w>d to inv5t ! phonograph4 ,i'll tell y h[ ?is came ab\t4 ,aft] ?9k+ ov] ! matt] a great deal1 ,i came to ! po9t :]e1 9 #ahgg1 ,i _h work$ out satisfactorily an in/rum5t t w\ld n only record telegrams by ind5t+ a /rip ( pap] ) dots & da%es ( ! ,morse code1 b w\ld also repeat a message any numb] ( times at any rate ( spe$ requir$4 ,i 0 !n exp]im5t+ ) ! telephone also1 & my m9d 0 fill$ ) !ories ( s\nd vibrations & _! transmission by diaphragms4 ,naturally en\gh1 ! idea occurr$ to me3 if ! ind5tations on pap] c\ld be made to give =? aga9 ! click ( ! in/rum5t1 :y c\ld n ! vibrations ( a diaphragm be record$ & simil>ly reproduc$8 ,i rigg$ up an in/rum5t ha/ily & pull$ a /rip ( pap] ?r\gh x1 at ! same "t %\t+1 ',hallo'6 ,!n ! pap] 0 pull$ ?r\gh aga91 my fri5d ,bat*elor & ,i li/5+ brea?lessly4 ,we he>d a di/9ct s\nd1 :i* a /rong imag9ation might h translat$ into ! orig9al ',hallo4' ,t 0 en\gh to lead me to a fur!r exp]im5t4 ,b ,bat*elor 0 sceptical1 & bet me a b>rel ( apples t ,i c\ldn't make ! ?+ g4 ,i made a draw+ ( a model & took x to ,mr4 ,kruesi1 at t "t engag$ on piece-"w = me1 b n[ assi/ant g5]al manag] ( our ma*9e-%op at ,s*5ectady4 ,i told him x 0 a talk+-ma*9e4 ,he gr9n$1 ?9k+ x a joke2 b he set to "w & soon _h ! model ready4 ,i arrang$ "s t9foil on x1 & spoke into ! ma*9e4 ,kruesi look$ on1 /ill gr9n+4 ,b :5 ,i arrang$ ! ma*9e = transmission & we bo? he>d a di/9ct s\nd f x1 he ne>ly fell d[n 9 8 fright4 ,i 0 a little sc>$ myself1 ,i mu/ admit4 ,i won t b>rel ( apples f ,bat*elor1 ?\gh1 & 0 mighty glad to get x4 ,to g back to e>li] days1 ! /ory ( ,edison's fir/ ye>s z a full-fl$g$ op]ator %[s t f ! beg9n+ he 0 m ( an inv5tor ?an an op]ator4 ,he 0 full ( ideas1 "s ( :i* 7 gratefully receiv$4 ,"o day an ice-jam broke ! cable betwe5 ,port ,huron1 9 ,mi*igan1 & ,s>nia1 on ! ,canada side1 & /opp$ communication4 ,! riv] is a mile & a half wide & 0 impassable4 ,"y ,edison jump$ ^u a locomotive & seiz$ ! valve controll+ ! :i/le4 ,he _h ! idea t ! scream ( ! :i/le might be brok5 into long & %ort notes1 correspond+ to ! dots & da%es ( ! telegraphic code4 ,hallo !re1 ,s>nia6 ,d y get me8 ,d y he> :at ,i say8 toot$ ! locomotive4 ,no answ]4 ,d y he> :at ,i say1 ,s>nia8 ,a ?ird1 f\r?1 & fif? "t ! message w5t across )\t response1 b f9ally ! idea 0 caught on ! o!r side2 answ]+ toots came *e]fully back & ! connection 0 recov]$4 ,any?+ connect$ ) ! difficulties ( telegraphy _h a fasc9ation = him4 ,he lo/ _m a place because ( unp>donable blund]s due to 8 passion = improvem5t4 ,at ,/rat=d1 ,canada1 be+ requir$ to report ! ^w ,six e half h\r to ! manag] to %[ t he 0 awake & on duty1 he rigg$ up a :eel to d x = him4 ,at ,indianapolis he kept press reports wait+ :ile he exp]im5t$ ) new devices = receiv+ !m4 ,at ,l\isville1 9 procur+ "s sulphuric acid at night = 8 exp]im5ts1 he tipp$ ov] a c>boy ( x1 ru9+ ! h&some outfit ( a bank+ e/abli%m5t bel[4 ,at ,c9c9nati he ab&on$ ! (fice on e pretext to ha/5 to ! ,me*anics' ,libr>y to pass 8 day 9 read+4 ,an indication ( 8 ?ir/ = k1 & ( a nave ignor+ ( enorm\s difficulties1 is f\nd 9 a project =m$ by him at ?is "t to read ?r\gh ! :ole public libr>y4 ,!re 0 no "o to tell him t a summ>y ( human k may be f\nd 9 a mod]ate numb] ( volumes1 nor to po9t out to him :at !y are4 ,ea* book 0 to him a "p ( ! great doma9 ( k1 none ( :i* he meant to lose4 ,he began ) ! solid treatises ( a du/y l[] %elf & actually read1 9 ! accompli%m5t ( 8 h]oic purpose1 fifte5 feet along t %elf4 ,he omitt$ no book & no?+ 9 ! book4 ,! li/ conta9$ ,newton's ,pr9cipia1 ,ure's ,sci5tific ,diction>y1 & ,burton's ,anatomy ( ,melan*oly4 ,at t "t a message s5t f ,new ,orleans to ,new ,york _h to be tak5 at ,memphis1 re-telegraph$ to ,l\isville1 tak5 d[n aga9 by ! op]ator !re1 & telegraph$ to ano!r c5tre1 & s on till x rea*$ ,new ,york4 ,"t 0 lo/ & ! *ance ( error 0 increas$4 ,edison 0 ! fir/ to connect ,new ,orleans & ,new ,york directly4 ,x 0 j aft] ! w>4 ,he p]fect$ an automatic repeat] :i* 0 put on at ,memphis & did its "w p]fectly4 ,! manag] ( ! (fice !re1 "o ,johnson1 _h a relative :o 0 also busy on ! same problem1 b ,edison solv$ x ahead ( him & receiv$ complim5t>y notices f ! local pap]s4 ,he 0 dis*>g$ )\t cause4 ,he got a pass z f> z ,decatur on 8 way home1 b _h to walk f !re to ,na%ville1 a hundr$ & fifty miles4 ,f !re he got a pass to ,l\isville1 :]e he arriv$ dur+ a %>p sn[-/orm1 clad 9 a l95 du/]4 ,x 0 soon aft] ?is t ,edison1 already a swift & compet5t op]ator :5 he devot$ himself to practical "w1 receiv$ promise ( employm5t 9 ! ,bo/on (fice4 ,! wea!r 0 q cold & 8 peculi> dress1 topp$ ) a sl\*y broad-brimm$ hat1 made some?+ ( a s5sation4 ,b ,edison !n c>$ z little = dress z he does to-day4 ,s "o raw wet day a tall man ) a limp1 wet du/] cl++ to 8 legs1 /alk$ into ! sup]9t5d5t's room1 & said3 ,"h ,i am4 ,! sup]9t5d5t ey$ him f head to foot1 & said3 ,:o are y8 ,tom ,edison4 ,& :o on e>? might ,tom ,edison be8 ,! "y man expla9$ t he _h be5 ord]$ to report = duty at ! ,bo/on (fice1 & 0 f9ally told to sit d[n 9 ! op]at+-room1 :]e 8 adv5t creat$ mu* m]rim5t4 ,! op]ators guy$ him l\dly en\gh = him to he>4 ,he didn't c>e4 ,a few mom5ts lat] a ,new ,york s5d] not$ = 8 swiftness call$ up ! ,bo/on (fice4 ,!re 0 no "o at lib]ty4 ,well1 said ! (fice *ief1 let t new fell[ try him4 ,edison sat d[n1 & = f\r h\rs & a half wrote out messages 9 8 peculi>ly cle> r\nd h&1 /uck a date & numb] on !m & ?rew !m on ! floor = ! (fice boy to pick up4 ,! "t he took 9 numb]+ & dat+ ! %eets 7 ! only seconds he 0 n writ+ out transmitt$ words4 ,fa/] & fa/] tick$ ! in/rum5t1 & fa/] & fa/] w5t ,edison's f+]s1 until ! rapidity ) :i* ! messages came tumbl+ on ! floor attract$ ! att5tion ( ! o!r op]ators1 :o1 :5 _! "w 0 done1 ga!r$ ar\nd to witness ! spectacle4 ,at ! close ( ! f\r & a half h\rs' "w !re fla%$ f ,new ,york ! salutation3 ,hello6 ,hello y\rself1 tick$ back ,edison4 ,:o ! devil are y8 rattl$ into ! ,bo/on (fice4 ,tom ,edison4 ,y are ! fir/ man 9 ! c\ntry1 tick$ ! in/rum5t1 t c\ld ev] take me at my fa/e/1 & ! only "o :o c\ld ev] sit at ! o!r end ( my wire = m ?an two h\rs & a half4 ,i'm pr\d to "k y4 ,edison 0 once ask$ ) :at inv5tion he really began 8 c>e] z an inv5tor4 ,well1 said he1 9 reply1 my fir/ appe>ance at ! ,pat5t ,(fice 0 9 #ahfh1 :5 ,i 0 tw5ty-"o1 ) an +5i\s contrivance :i* ,i call$ ! electrical vote record]4 ,i _h be5 impress$ ) ! enorm\s wa/e ( "t 9 ,congress & 9 ! ,/ate ,legislatures by ! tak+ ( votes on any motion4 ,m ?an half an h\r 0 sometimes requir$ to c\nt ! ',ayes' & ',noes4' ,s ,i devis$ a ma*9e some:at on ! plan ( ! hotel annunciator t 0 inv5t$ long aft]w>d1 only m9e 0 a great deal m complex4 ,9 front ( ea* memb]'s desk 7 to h be5 two buttons1 "o = ',aye1' ! o!r = ',no1' & by ! side ( ! ,speak]'s desk a frame ) two dials1 "o %[+ ! total ( ',ayes' & ! o!r ! total ( ',noes4' ,:5 ! vote 0 call$ =1 ea* memb] c\ld press ! button he wi%$ & ! result w\ld appe> automatically be=e ! ,speak]1 :o c\ld glance at ! dials & ann\nce ! result4 ,?is contrivance w\ld save sev]al h\rs ( public "t e day 9 ! session1 & ,i ?\ght my =tune 0 made4 ,i int]e/$ a money$ man 9 ! ?+ & we w5t toge!r to ,wa%+ton1 :]e we soon f\nd ! "r man to get ! ma*9e adopt$4 ,i set =? its m]its4 ,imag9e my feel+s :51 9 a horrifi$ tone1 he exclaim$3 ,illu/ration3 ,vote ,record]--,edison's ,fir/ ,pat5t$ ,inv5tion4 ',"y man1 t won't d at all4 ,t is j :at we d n want4 ,y\r inv5tion w\ld de/roy ! only hope ! m9ority h ( influ5c+ legislation4 ,x w\ld deliv] !m ov]1 b\nd h& & foot1 to ! majority4 ,! pres5t sy/em gives !m "t1 a weapon :i* is invaluable1 & z ! rul+ majority always kn[s t !y may "s day become a m9ority1 !y w be z mu* av]se to any *ange z _! oppon5ts4' ,i saw ! =ce ( ^! rem>ks1 & ! vote record] got no fur!r ?an ! ,pat5t ,(fice4 ,b he began to believe 9 himself4 ,8 next "w 0 ^u ! applications ( ! vibratory pr9ciple 9 telegraph+1 ^u :i* s _m ( 8 subsequ5t inv5tions 7 f\nd$4 ,8 fir/ ambiti\s attempt 0 9 ! direction ( a multiplex sy/em = s5d+ sev]al messages ov] "o wire at ! same "t4 ,x 0 n mu* ( a success1 h[ev]1 & ,edison drift$ to ,new ,york1 :]e1 aft] a va9 attempt to int]e/ ! telegraph companies 9 8 inv5tions1 he e/abli%$ himself z an electrical exp]t ready = odd jobs & mak+ a specialty ( telegraphy4 ,"o day ! ,we/]n ,union ,company _h tr\ble ) its ,albany ,wire4 ,! wire wasn't brok51 b w\ldn't "w1 & sev]al days ( exp]im5t+ on ! "p ( ! company's electricians only s]v$ to puzzle !m ! m4 ,z a =lorn hope !y s5t = "y ,edison4 ,h[ long w y give me8 he ask$4 ,six h\rs8 ,! manag] laugh$ & told him he w\ld ne$ long] ?an t4 ,edison sat d[n at ! in/rum5t1 e/abli%$ communication ) ,albany by way ( ,pittsburgh1 told ! ,albany (fice to put _! be/ man at ! in/rum5t1 & began a rapid s]ies ( te/s ) curr5ts ( all int5sities4 ,he direct$ ! te/s f bo? ends1 & aft] two h\rs & a half told ! company's (fic]s t ! tr\ble exi/$ at a c]ta9 po9t he nam$ on ! l9e1 & he told !m :at x 04 ,!y telegraph$ ! (fice ne>e/ ?is po9t ! necess>y directions1 & an h\r lat] ! wire 0 work+ prop]ly4 ,?is incid5t fir/ e/abli%$ 8 value 9 ,new ,york z an exp]t1 & ! bus9ess became pr(itable4 ,moreov]1 x l$ ! diff]5t telegraph companies to give respectful att5tion to :at he _h to (f] 9 ! way ( pat5t$ devices4 ,edison's me*anical skill soon became s not$ t he 0 made sup]9t5d5t ( ! repair %op ( "o ( ! small] telegraph companies !n 9 exi/5ce1 all ( :i* 7 us+ :at 0 kn[n z ! ,page s\nd]1 a device = signall+1 ! sole "r to :i* 0 claim$ by ! ,we/]n ,union ,company4 ,ow+ to ! latt] company's success 9 a pat5t suit ov] ?is s\nd]1 !re came a "t :5 an injunction 0 obta9$1 sil5c+ all s\nd]s ( t type1 & practically putt+ a s]i\s ob/acle 9 ! way ( rapid "w4 ,edison 0 call$ into ! presid5t's (fice & ! situation expla9$4 ,= a long "t1 accord+ to "o :o 0 pres5t1 he /ood *ew+ vigor\sly ^u a m\?ful ( tobacco1 look+ fir/ at ! s\nd] 9 8 h&1 & !n fall+ into a br[n /udy4 ,at l5g? he pick$ up a %eet ( t9 us$ z a back = manifold+ on ?9 %eets ( pap]1 & began to twi/ & cut x into que] %apes2 a gr\p ( p]sons ga!r$ ar\nd & wat*$4 ,n a ^w 0 spok54 ,f9ally ,edison tore (f ! ,page s\nd] on ! in/rum5t be=e him1 & sub/itut+ 8 bit ( t91 began work+4 ,x 0 n s good z ! pat5t$ arrangem5t disc>d$1 b x work$4 ,9 f\r h\rs a hundr$ su* devices 7 9 use ov] ! l9e1 & :at w\ld h be5 a ru9\s int]ruption to bus9ess 0 avoid$4 ,edison's fir/ l>ge sums ( money came f ! sale ( an improvem5t 9 ! in/rum5ts us$ to record /ock quotations 9 brok]s' (fices1 commonly kn[n z tick]s4 ,8 success 9 ?is direction l$ him to take a contract to manufacture "s hundr$s ( tick]s1 & 8 only v5ture 9 ?is direction 0 c>ri$ out ) consid]able success at a %op he r5t$ 9 ,new>k ab\t #ahge4 ,b z he told me a few ye>s lat]1 9 talk+ ab\t ?is incid5t 9 8 c>e]1 manufactur+ 0 n 9 8 l9e4 ,l ,?oreau1 :o hav+ succe$$ 9 mak+ a p]fect lead-p5cil1 decl>$ he %\ld nev] make ano!r1 he hates r\t9e4 ,i 0 a poor manufactur]1 said he1 because ,i c\ld n let well en\gh alone4 ,my fir/ impulse ^u tak+ any app>atus into my h&1 f an egg-beat] to an electric-motor1 is to seek a way ( improv+ x4 ,!re=e1 z soon z ,i h f9i%$ a ma*9e ,i am anxi\s to take x ap>t aga9 9 ord] to make an exp]im5t4 ,t is a co/ly mania = a manufactur]4 ,illu/ration3 ,edison 9 8 ,laboratory4 ,x 0 8 success ) a device = pr9t+ /ock quotations ^u pap] tape t f9ally induc$ sev]al ,new ,york capitali/s to accept ,edison's (f] to exp]im5t ) ! inc&esc5t electric light1 !y to pay ! exp5se ( ! exp]im5ts & %>e 9 ! inv5tions if any 7 made4 ,= ! sake ( quiet ,edison mov$ out to ,m5lo ,p>k1 a little /ation on ! ,p5nsylvania road ab\t tw5ty-five miles beyond ,new>k1 & built a %op tw5ty-eight feet wide1 "o hundr$ feet long1 & two /ories high4 ,x 0 "h t ,i fir/ made 8 acqua9tance1 9 ,janu>y1 #ahgi1 soon aft] ! newspap]s _h ann\nc$ t he _h solv$ ! problem ( ! electric light4 ,x may be rememb]$ t gas /ock tumbl$ 9 price at t "t1 & !re 0 a ru% to sell be=e ! new light %\ld displace gas altoge!r4 ,"o cold day ,i climb$ ! hill f ! /ation1 & once pa/ ! reception-room1 9 :i* e new-com] 0 c>efully scrut9iz$1 = inv5tors are apt to h odds & ends ly+ ab\t t !y d n want se5 by ev]yone1 ,i f\nd myself 9 a long big "w-%op4 ,to anyone accu/om$ to ! ord]ly appe>ance ( ! ideal ma*9e-%op1 x pres5t$ a curi\s appe>ance1 = evid5tly half ! ma*9es 9 x--=ges1 la!s1 furnaces1 retorts1 etc4--7 dismantl$ = ! mom5t & useless4 ,half a doz5 workm5 7 busy 9 an app>5tly aimless mann]4 ,up/airs1 9 a room devot$ to *emical exp]im5ts1 ,i f\nd ,edison himself4 ,he is to-day j :at he 0 !n4 ,prosp]ity has n *ang$ him 9 ! lea/1 except p]haps 9 "o p>ticul>4 ,9 ^? days ( /ruggle ! inv5tor 0 f> less affable ) visitors ?an he is to-day4 ,"o felt in/9ctively t he 0 a man /ruggl+ to accompli% "s s]i\s task to :i* he 0 devot+ e wak+ ?\ght & probably dream+ ab\t x at night4 ,z ,i /rode across ! laboratory 9 ! direction indicat$ by "o ( ! workm5 pres5t1 a compactly built b n tall man1 ) r a boyi%1 clean-%av5 face1 prematurely old1 0 hold+ a vial ( "s liquid up to ! light4 ,he _h on a bl\se su* z *emi/s we>1 b x 0 h>dly necess>y1 z 8 clo!s 7 well /a9$ ) acids2 8 h&s 7 cov]$ ) "s oil ) :i* 8 hair 0 lib]ally /reak$1 z he _h a habit ( wip+ 8 f+]s ^u 8 head4 ,good clo!s are wa/$ ^u me1 he once expla9$ to me4 ,i feel x is wrong to we> any1 & ,i nev] put on a new suit :5 ,i c help x4 ,edison has be5 slightly deaf = a numb] ( ye>s1 & l all p]sons ( defective he>+1 closely wat*es anyone ) :om he talks4 ,8 pati5ce ) visitors is prov]bial1 & provid$ any intellig5ce is %[n1 he w plunge into long explanations4 ,z he goes on f po9t to po9t1 w>m+ up to 8 subject1 he is sometimes q oblivi\s to ! fact t x is all lo/ ^u 8 visitor until br\ght back by "s "q or comm5t :i* %[s t he might z well talk ,sanskrit4 ,!n he laughs & goes back to simpl] matt]s4 ,i wat*$ him = a few mom5ts be=e pres5t+ myself4 ,aft] a long look at 8 bottle1 held up aga9/ ! light1 he put x d[n aga9 on ! table be=e him1 & re/+ 8 head betwe5 8 h&s1 bo? elb[s on ! table1 he pe]$ d[n at ! bottle z if he expect$ x to say some?+4 ,!n1 aft] a mom5t's br[n /udy1 he w\ld seize x aga91 give x a %ake1 z if to %ake its secret out1 & hold x up to ! light4 ,z pantomime no?+ c\ld h be5 m expressive4 ,t liquid conta9$ a secret x w\ld n give up1 b if x c\ld be made to give x up1 ,edison 0 ! man to d x1 z a t]ri] might worry ! life out ( a rat4 ,illu/ration3 ,edison's ,m5lo ,p>k ,electric ,locomotive 7#ahhj74 ,! secret ( 8 success might well be ,p]si/5cy1 m p]si/5cy1 /ill m p]si/5cy4 ,"o ( 8 =em5 relates t once 9 ,new>k :5 8 pr9t+ telegraph sudd5ly refus$ to "w1 he lock$ himself into 8 laboratory1 decl>+ t he w\ld n come out till ! tr\ble 0 f\nd4 ,x took him sixty h\rs1 dur+ :i* "t 8 only food consi/$ ( crack]s & *eese eat5 at ! b5*2 !n he w5t to b$ & slept tw5ty h\rs at a /ret*4 ,at ano!r "t1 dur+ ! height ( ! fir/ electric-light excitem5t1 all ! lamps he _h burn+ 9 ,m5lo ,p>k1 ab\t eighty 9 all1 sudd5ly w5t out1 "o aft] ano!r1 )\t app>5t cause4 ,ev]y?+ _h gone well = ne>ly a mon? & ! great success ( ! exp]im5t _h be5 publi%$ to ! _w4 ,if ! lamps1 ) _! c>bon filam5ts ( *>r$ pap] w\ld burn = a mon? !re seem$ to be no reason :y !y %\ld n burn = a ye>1 & ,edison 0 /unn$ by ! cata/rophe4 ,! tr\ble 0 evid5tly 9 ! lamps !mselves1 = new lamps burn$ well4 ,!n began ! mo/ excit+ & mo/ exhau/ive s]ies ( exp]im5ts ev] und]tak5 by an ,am]ican physici/4 ,= five days ,edison rema9$ day & night at ! laboratory1 sleep+ only :5 8 assi/ants took 8 place at :atev] 0 go+ on4 ,! difficulties 9 ! way ( exp]im5t+ ) ! inc&esc5t lamp are enorm\s because ! light only burns :5 9 a vacuum4 ,! in/ant ! glass is brok51 out x goes4 ,edison's eyes grew weak /udy+ ! brilliant gl[ ( ! c>bon filam5t4 ,at ! end ( ! five days he took to 8 b$1 worn out ) excitem5t & sick ) disappo9tm5t4 ,dur+ ! la/ two days & nights he ate no?+4 ,he c\ld n sleep1 = ! mom5t he left ! laboratory & clos$ 8 eyes "s new te/ sugge/$ itself4 ,nei!r 0 !re mu* sleep = 8 fai?ful =ce4 ,ord9>ily "o ( ! mo/ consid]ate ( m51 he seem$ q surpris$ :5 re/ & refre%m5ts 7 sometimes sugge/$ z 9 ord] aft] fifte5 h\rs' incessant "w4 ,! tr\ble 0 f9ally discov]$ to be "o t "t alone c\ld h prov$4 ,! air 0 n suffici5tly exhau/$ f ! lamps4 ,to add to ! discomfiture ( ! inv5tor1 a pr(essor ( physics 9 "o ( ! well-kn[n colleges decl>$ 9 a newspap] article widely circulat$ t ! ,edison lamp w\ld nev] la/ long en\gh to pay = itself4 ,i'll make a /atue ( t man1 said ,edison to me "o day :5 he 0 /ill grop+ 9 ! d>k = ! secret ( 8 tempor>y defeat1 & ,i'll illum9ate x brilliantly ) ,edison lamps & inscribe x3 ',?is is ! man :o said ! ,edison lamp w\ld n burn4' ,to g back to ,edison1 %ak+ 8 bottle 9 ! sunlight1 8 br[n /udy gave way to a pleasant smile ( welcome :5 ,i _h made my bus9ess kn[n4 ,take a look at ^! fil+s1 he said1 mak+ room = me at ! b5*4 ,see h[ curi\sly !y settle :5 ,i %ake ! bottle up4 ,9 alcohol !y behave "o way1 b 9 oil 9 ?is way4 ,isn't t ! mo/ curi\s ?+ y ev] saw--bett] ?an a play at "o ( y\r city !atres1 eh8 & he *uckl$ to himself z he %ook !m up aga94 ,:at ,i want to "k1 he w5t on1 m to himself ?an to me1 is :at !y mean by x1 & ,i'm go+ to f9d out4 ,to me ! int]e/+ spectacle 0 ,edison toss+ up 8 bottle & wat*+ ! fil+s settle1 & n ! curi\s behavior ( ! fil+s4 ,:5 he put ! bottle by1 ) a deep sigh1 he took me ov] ! :ole place1 po9t+ out ) p>ticul> pride ! app>atus = mak+ ! pap] c>bons = ! lamps1 & ! new =ms ( ,spr5gel m]cury pumps t did bett] "w 9 extract+ air f ! lamps ?an any yet devis$4 ,look+ back to t fir/ visit to ,edison1 ! fir/ ( p]haps a score t ,i h _h occasion to make him 9 ! la/ fifte5 ye>s1 :at impress$ me mo/ 0 ! imm5sity ( ! field 9 :i* he takes an int]e/4 ,ask ,edison :at he ?9ks w be ! next /ep 9 ! developm5t ( ! sew+-ma*9e1 or ! telescope1 ! microscope1 ! /eam-eng9e1 ! electric-motor1 ! reap+-ma*9e1 or any device by :i* man accompli%es mu* "w 9 little "t1 & inv>iably x w be f\nd t he has "s novel ideas ^u ! subject1 p]haps fanciful 9 ! extreme1 b practical en\gh to %[ t he has pond]$ ! matt]4 ,he %>es ! op9ion ( ! g5tleman :o insi/s t :atev] is is wrong1 b only to ?is ext5t3 t :atev] is might be bett]4 ,au?ority means no?+ to him2 he mu/ te/ = himself4 ,= in/ance1 x is well kn[n t he rejects ! ,newtonian !ory 9 "p & holds t motion is an inh]5t prop]ty ( matt]2 t x pu%es1 f9d+ its way 9 ! direction ( lea/ resi/ance1 & is n pull$ or attract$4 ,x seems to me1 he said once1 t e atom is possess$ by a c]ta9 am\nt ( primitive intellig5ce4 ,look at ! ?\s& ways 9 :i* atoms ( hydrog5 comb9e ) ^? ( o!r elem5ts1 =m+ ! mo/ div]se sub/ances4 ,d y mean to say t !y d ?is )\t intellig5ce8 ,atoms 9 h>moni\s & useful relation assume beautiful or int]e/+ %apes & colors1 or give =? a pleasant p]fume1 z if express+ _! satisfaction4 ,9 sickness1 dea?1 decomposition1 or fil? ! disagreem5t ( ! compon5t atoms imm$iately makes itself felt by bad odors4 ,x is p>tly due to ?is belief 9 ! s5sibility ( atoms t ,edison attributes 8 fai? 9 an intellig5t ,creator4 ,illu/ration ,x is h>d to say into :at field ( inquiry ,edison has n dipp$4 ,he told me once t :5ev] he travell$ he c>ri$ a note-book ) him1 9 :i* he jott$ d[n sugge/ions = exp]im5ts to be made4 ,railway j\rneys1 at a "t :5 ,edison 0 a con/ant travell]1 7 productive ( mu* mat]ial ( ?is k9d1 = ! inv5tor nev] sleeps :5 travell+1 & 8 bra9 works1 go+ ov]1 ev5 9 a doze1 ! ?\s& & "o aspects ( 8 "w1 & evolv+ !ories to be dismiss$ almo/ z soon z evolv$4 ,8 m9d1 :5 at re/1 reviews 8 day's "w almo/ automatically1 j z a *ess play]'s bra9 w1 aft] an excit+ game1 g ov] e situation 9 a half dream-l condition & evolve new solutions4 ,he has great respect = ev5 :at appe> to be ! mo/ inconsequ5tial obs]vations1 provid$ !y are made by a compet5t p]son1 & a l>ge =ce 9 8 spl5did laboratory at ,orange is always employ$ 9 /udies t appe> to ! outsid] to be aimless2 = in/ance1 ! action ( *emicals ^u v>i\s sub/ances or ^u ea* o!r4 ,/rips ( ivory 9 a c]ta9 oil become transp>5t 9 six weeks4 ,a globule ( m]cury 9 wat] takes v>i\s %apes = ! opposite poles ( ! electric-batt]y ^u ! addition ( a little potassium4 ,!re is no pres5t use = ! k ( su* facts1 b x is record$ 9 volum9\s note-books1 & "s day ! connect+-l9k 9 ! *a9 ( an invaluable discov]y may "h be f\nd4 ,my next visit to ,m5lo ,p>k 0 a few mon?s lat]1 :5 ,i f\nd ,edison 9 b$ sick ) disappo9tm5t4 ,! lamps _h aga9 tak5 to antics = :i* no rem$y or explanation c\ld be discov]$4 ,!re 0 an air ( desolation ov] ! place4 ,! laboratory 0 cold & com=tless4 ,^u e side 7 signs ( /rict economy4 ,mo/ ( ! assi/ants 7 "y m5 glad to "w = little or no?+4 ,= ! la/ mon? ,edison _h be5 work+ 9 ! direction ( a g5]al improvem5t ( all p>ts ( ! lamp in/ead ( devot+ himself to "o feature4 ,exp]t glass-bl[]s 7 br\ght to ,m5lo ,p>k1 ! air-pumps 7 made m p]fect1 new sub/ances 7 tri$ = c>bons4 ,all ?is _h tak5 "t1 dur+ :i* outsid]s freely pr$ict$ failure4 ,! /ock 9 ! ent]prise fell to su* a price t x 0 h>d to raise money = ! ma9t5ance ( ! laboratory4 ,x 0 argu$1 & ) "s tru?1 z ,i h _h occasion to rem>k1 t ,edison _h really discov]$ no?+ new2 he _h attempt$ to d :at a doz5 fam\s m5 _h tri$ be=e him & he _h fail$4 ,! quotations ( ,new ,york gas /ocks rose aga94 ,! next "t ,i visit$ ! laboratory1 a few days lat]1 ,edison 0 up aga9 & talk+ *e]fully4 ,b he _h gr[n five ye>s old] 9 five mon?s4 ,i %all succe$1 he said to me1 b x may take me long] ?an ,i at fir/ suppos$4 ,ev]y?+ is s new t ea* /ep is 9 ! d>k2 ,i h to make ! dynamos1 ! lamps1 ! conductors1 & att5d to a ?\s& details t ! _w nev] he>s (4 ,at ! same "t ,i h to ?9k ab\t ! exp5se ( my "w4 ,t galls me4 ,my "o ambition is to be able to "w )\t reg>d to ! exp5se4 ,:at ,i mean is1 t if ,i want to give up a :ole mon? ( my "t & t ( my :ole e/abli%m5t to f9d+ out :y "o =m ( a c>bon filam5t is slightly bett] ?an ano!r1 ,i c d x )\t hav+ to ?9k ( ! co/4 ,my greate/ luxury w\ld be a laboratory m p]fect ?an any we h 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,i want a spl5did collection ( mat]ial--e *emical1 e metal1 e sub/ance 9 fact t may be ( use to me1 & ,i h>dly "k :at may n be ( use4 ,i want all ?is "r at h&1 )9 a few feet ( my own h\se4 ,give me ^! advantages & ,i %all gladly devote fifte5 h\rs a day to solid "w4 ,i want none ( ! ri* man's usual toys1 no matt] h[ ri* ,i may become4 ,i want no horses or ya*ts--h no "t = !m4 ,i want a p]fect work%op4 ,9 ! la/ twelve ye>s ,edison has se5 8 dream fulfill$4 ,8 electric light has n displac$ gas1 by any means1 b x has be5 ! f\ndation ( a bus9ess l>ge en\gh to make ! inv5tor suffici5tly ri* to build ! f9e/ laboratory 9 ! _w1 9 ! mo/ curi\s room ( :i* are to be f\nd ! ?ree hundr$ models ( ma*9]y & app>atus ( v>i\s k9ds devis$ by ,edison 9 ! la/ tw5ty ye>s & made by himself or "u 8 eye4 ,he is /ill a gaunt fell[1 ) a slight /oop1 a clean-%av5 face1 & a l[ voice4 ,8 h&s are /ill soil$ ) acids1 8 clo!s are %abby1 & !re is always a cig> 9 8 m\?4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,home ( ,?omas ,a4 ,edison4 ,illu/ration3 ,edison's ,laboratory4 ,! ,edison laboratory des]ves a *apt] by itself4 ,9 #ahhf ,edison b\ght a f9e villa 9 ,llewellyn ,p>k at a co/ ( #aej1jjj4 ,he took ! h\se z x /ood1 ) all its luxuri\s fitt+s1 r to please 8 wife ?an himself2 a corn] ( ! laboratory w\ld suit him q z well4 ,"r outside ! gates ( ! p>k & )9 view ( ! h\se1 he b\ght t5 acres ( l& & began 8 laboratory4 ,two h&some /ructures ( brick1 ea* #fj feet wide1 #ajj feet long1 & f\r /ories high1 accommodate ! ma*9e-%op1 libr>y1 lecture-room1 exp]im5tal work%ops1 assi/ants' rooms & /ore-rooms4 ,! boil]-h\se & dynamo-rooms are outside ! ma9 build+s4 ,also1 9 a sep>ate room1 ! floor ( :i* consi/s ( imm5se blocks ( /one1 are ! delicate in/rum5ts ( precision us$ 9 te/+ electric curr5ts4 ,! in/rum5ts 9 ?is "o room1 tw5ty feet squ>e1 co/ #ah1jjj to make & to import f ,europe4 ,^u fir/ ent]+ ! ma9 build+1 ! visitor f9ds :at is app>5tly a busy factory ( "s sort1 ) long r[s ( ma*9]y1 f /eam-hamm]s to diamond-la!s4 ,ev]y:]e workm5 are busy at _! tasks1 & ,edison has good reason to be pr\d ( 8 laboratory =ce1 = x consi/s ( ! pick$ workm5 ( ! c\ntry4 ,:5ev] he f9ds 9 "o ( ! ,edison factories 9 ,new>k1 ,new ,york1 ,s*5ectady1 or else:]e a p>ticul>ly exp]t & intellig5t man1 he has him transf]r$ to ! ,orange laboratory1 :]e1 at increas$ pay = %ort] h\rs1 ! man n only f9ds life pleasant]1 b has a *ance ( le>n+ & becom+ somebody4 ,! :ole place hums ) ! rattle ( ma*9]y & gl[s ) electric light4 ,!re are eighty assi/ants1 :o h *>ge ( ! v>i\s dep>tm5ts4 ,! mo/ exp]t iron-work]s1 glass-bl[]s1 wood-turn]s1 metal-sp9n]s1 screw-mak]s1 *emi/s1 & ma*9i/s 9 ! c\ntry are to be f\nd "h4 ,a r\gh draw+ ( ! mo/ complicat$ model is all !y require to "w f4 ,! /ore-rooms conta9 all ! mat]ial ne$$4 ,f\r /ore-keep]s are employ$ to keep ! supplies1 valu$ at #ajj1jjj1 9 ord] & ready = use at a mom5t's notice4 ,ea* article is put d[n 9 a catalogue :i* %[s ! %elf or bottle :]e x may be f\nd4 ,e kn[n metal1 e *emical kn[n to sci5ce1 e k9d ( glass1 /one1 e>?1 wood1 fibre1 pap]1 sk91 clo?1 is to be f\nd !re4 ,9 mak+ up ! *emical collection an assi/ant 0 kept at "w = weeks go+ ?r\gh ! ?ree mo/ exhau/ive works on *emi/ry 9 ,engli%1 ,fr5*1 & ,g]man1 mak+ a note ( e sub/ance m5tion$1 & ?is li/ con/itut$ ! ord] = *emicals1 an ord]1 by ! way1 :i* x requir$ sev5 mon?s to fill4 ,9 ! glass dep>tm5t1 = in/ance1 !re is e kn[n k9d ( glass1 f plates two in*es ?ick to ! f9e/1 film1 & if any?+ else 9 ! way ( glass is ne$$1 ! glass-work]s are !re to make x4 ,?is /up5d\s collection ( mat]ial1 fill+ "o floor1 is int5d$ to gu>d aga9/ annoy+ delays t might occur at critical times = want ( "s r>e mat]ial4 ,9 #ahhe1 :5 work+ ^u an app>atus = gett+ a curr5t ( electricity directly f heat--! !rmo-electric g5]ator--,edison's "w 0 br\ght to a /&/ill = want ( a few p\nds ( nickel1 an article n !n to be f\nd 9 any quantity 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,! /ore-room 0 organiz$ to av]t su* delays4 ,! libr>y is ! only "p ( ! ma9 build+ t %[s any attempt at decoration4 ,x is a sup]b room1 #fj feet by #dj1 ) a height ( #be feet4 ,gall]ies run ar\nd ! second /ory4 ,at "o end is a monum5tal fireplace1 & 9 ! c5tre ( ! hall a f9e gr\p ( palms & f]ns4 ,! room is f9i%$ 9 oil$ h>d wood & light$ by electricity4 ,f9e rugs cov] ! floors4 ,! %elves conta9 no?+ b sci5tific works & ! files ( ! =ty-six sci5tific p]iodicals 9 ,engli%1 ,fr5*1 & ,g]man to :i* ,edison subscribes4 ,!y are index$ by a libr>ian z soon z receiv$1 s t ,edison c see at a glance :at !y conta9 conc]n+ ! special fields 9 :i* he is int]e/$4 ,no?+ 9 ?is big e/abli%m5t1 (t5 employ+ m ?an "o hundr$ p]sons1 is made = sale4 ,x is :olly devot$ to exp]im5tal "w & te/s4 ,its exp5ses1 said to be m ?an #aej1jjj a ye>1 are paid by ! comm]cial companies 9 :i* ,edison is int]e/$1 he1 on 8 "p1 giv+ !m ! b5efit ( any improvem5ts made4 ,?us 9 "o room hundr$s ( inc&esc5t electric lamps burn night & day ! ye> ?r\gh4 ,ea* lamp is specially m>k$ & :5 x burns out m quickly ?an ! av]age1 or la/s long]1 a special /udy is made z to ! contribut+ causes4 ,x may seem impossible t ! sugge/ions ( "o man c keep busy a big work%op ^u exp]im5ts ! ye> r\nd1 b ,edison says t ! temptation is always to increase ! =ce4 ,:5 x is rememb]$ t ! li/ ( ,edison's pat5ts rea*es to sev5 hundr$ & =ty1 & t on ! electric light alone he has work$ out sev]al hundr$ !ories1 ! wond] ceases4 ,t5 m9utes' "w ) a p5cil may sket* an app>atus t a doz5 m5 _c f9i% inside ( a =tnight4 ,:5 ! new ,orange laboratory 0 f9i%$ & ,edison f\nd himself ) "t & means at 8 disposal1 8 fir/ ?\ght 0 to take up 8 phonograph4 ,! hi/ory ( ! great hopes built ^u ! phonograph & ! bitt] disappo9tm5t t foll[$ is too famili> to ne$ repetition "h4 ,z may be imag9$1 ,edison is mo/ ke5ly b5t ^u tight5+ ! loose screw t has prev5t$ x f do+ all t its fri5ds pr$ict$ = x4 ,he /ill works at o!r problems1 b *iefly z relaxation4 ,he re/s f inv5t+ "o ?+ by inv5t+ some?+ else4 ,illu/ration3 ,libr>y at ,edison's ,laboratory4 ,"o day rec5tly1 :5 ,i f\nd him less confid5t ?an usual z to ! triumph ( ! phonograph 9 ! ne> future1 he said3 ,!re are "s difficulties ab\t ! problem t seem insurm\ntable4 ,i g on smoo?ly until at a c]ta9 po9t ,i run my head aga9/ a /one wall2 ,i _c get "u1 ov]1 or ar\nd x4 ,aft] butt+ my head aga9/ t wall until x a*es1 ,i g back to ! beg9n+ aga94 ,x is absurd to say t because ,i c see no possible solution ( ! problem to-day1 t ,i may n see "o to-morr[4 ,! v fact t ?is c5tury has accompli%$ s mu* 9 ! way ( inv5tion1 makes x m ?an probable t ! next c5tury w d f> great] ?+s4 ,we ought to be a%am$ ( ourselves if we are cont5t to fold our h&s & say t ! telegraph1 telephone1 /eam-eng9e1 dynamo1 & cam]a hav+ be5 inv5t$1 ! field has be5 exhau/$4 ,^! inv5tions are s _m wond]ful tools ) :i* we ought to accompli% f> great] wond]s4 ,unless ! com+ g5]ations are p>ticul>ly lazy1 ! _w ought to possess 9 #aiic a doz5 m>vels ( ! usefulness ( ! /eam-eng9e & dynamo4 ,! next /ep 9 advance w p]haps be ! discov]y ( a me?od = trans=m+ heat directly into electricity4 ,t w revolutionize mod]n life by mak+ heat1 p[]1 & light almo/ z *eap z air4 ,inv5tors are already feel+ _! way t[>d ?is wond]4 ,i h gone f> en\gh on t road to "k t !re are sev]al /one walls ahead4 ,b ! problem is "o ( ! mo/ fasc9at+ 9 view4 ,x4 ,,alex&] ,,graham ,,bell4 ,illu/ration3 ,pr(essor ,bell ,s5d+ ! ,fir/ ,message1 by ,long-di/ance ,telephone1 f ,new ,york to ,*icago4 ,sir ,*>les ,:eat/one1 ! em95t ,engli% electrician1 :ile engag$ 9 p]fect+ 8 sy/em ( telegraphy discov]$ t wires *>g$ ) electricity (t5 c>ri$ noises 9 a curi\s mann]4 ,he made & exhibit$ at ! ,royal ,society1 9 #ahdj1 a clock 9 :i* ! tick ( ano!r clock miles away 0 convey$ ?r\gh a wire4 ,?is exp]im5t appe>s to h be5 "o ( ! g]ms ( ! telephone4 ,9 #ahdd ,capta9 ,john ,taylor1 also an ,engli%man1 inv5t$ an in/rum5t to :i* he gave ! "n ( ! telephone1 b x _h no?+ electrical ab\t x4 ,x 0 an app>atus = convey+ s\nds at sea by means ( compress$ air =c$ ?r\gh trumpets4 ,he c\ld make 8 telephone he>d six miles away4 ,! fir/ real sugge/ion ( ! telephone z we "k x comes f ,reis1 ! ,g]man pr(essor ( physics at ,fri$ri*sdorf1 :o 9 #ahfj con/ruct$ ) a coil ( wire1 a knitt+-ne$le1 ! sk9 ( a ,g]man sausage1 ! bung ( a be]-b>rel1 & a /rip ( plat9um an in/rum5t :i* reproduc$ ! s\nd ( ! voice by ! vibration ( ! membrane & s5t a s]ies ( clicks along an electric wire to an electro-magnetic receiv] at ! o!r end ( ! wire4 ,! same idea 0 tak5 up 9 ?is c\ntry by ,eli%a ,gray1 ,edison1 & by ,alex&] ,graham ,bell1 :o fir/ exhibit$ at ! ,c5t5nial ,exhibition an app>atus t transmitt$ spee* by electricity 9 a fairly satisfactory mann]4 ,! ,am]ican claimants to ! honor ( hav+ inv5t$ ! telephone include ,daniel ,drawbaugh1 a backwoods g5ius ( ,p5nsylvania1 :o claims to h made & us$ a practical telephone 9 #ahfg-fh4 ,a l>ge =tune has be5 sp5t 9 fight+ ,drawbaugh's claims aga9/ ! ,bell monopoly1 b ! c\rts h f9ally decid$ 9 favor ( ! latt]4 ,x %\ld be record$ z a matt] ( ju/ice to ,mr4 ,gray1 t he appe>s to h solv$ ! problem ( convey+ spee* by electricity at ab\t ! same "t z ,bell4 ,bo? ^! inv5tors fil$ _! caveats ^u ! telephone ^u ! same day--,febru>y #ad1 #ahgf4 ,x 0 ,bell's good =tune to be ! fir/ to make 8 device practically effective4 ,alex&] ,graham ,bell is n an ,am]ican by bir?4 ,he 0 born 9 ,ed9burgh1 ,scotl&1 on ! #a/ ( ,m>*1 #ahdg4 ,8 fa!r1 ,alex&] ,melville ,bell1 0 ! inv5tor ( ! sy/em by :i* deaf p are enabl$ to read spee* m or less correctly by obs]v+ ! motion ( ! lips4 ,8 "m 0 ! daught] ( ,samuel ,symonds1 a surgeon 9 ! ,briti% navy4 ,9 #ahgb ! ,bells mov$ to ,canada1 & "y ,alex&] ,bell became widely kn[n 9 ,bo/on z an au?ority 9 ! tea*+ ( ! deaf & dumb4 ,he fir/ c>ri$ to great p]fection 9 ?is c\ntry ! art ( enabl+ ! deaf & dumb to enunciate intelligible words & s\nds t !y !mselves h nev] he>d4 ,mo/ ( 8 art he acquir$ f 8 fa!r1 "o ( ! mo/ exp]t ( tea*]s 9 ?is field4 ,! eld] ,bell is /ill active 9 8 "w1 con/antly devis+ new me?ods & exp]im5ts4 ,he lives 9 ,wa%+ton ) 8 son & is frequ5tly he>d 9 lectures 9 ,new ,york & ,bo/on4 ,9 #ahgc ,alex&] ,bell began to /udy ! transmission ( musical tones by telegraph4 ,x 0 9 ! l9e ( 8 "w ) deaf & dumb p to make s\nd vibrations visible to ! eye4 ,) ! phonautograph he c\ld obta9 trac+s ( su* vibrations ^u black5$ pap] by means ( a p5cil or /ylus atta*$ to a vibrat+ cord or membrane4 ,he also succe$$ 9 obta9+ trac+s ^u smok$ glass ( ! vibrations ( ! air produc$ by v[el s\nds4 ,he began exp]im5t+ ) an app>atus resembl+ ! human e>1 & ^u ! sugge/ion ( ,dr4 ,cl>5ce ,j4 ,blake1 ! ,bo/on auri/1 he tri$ 8 "w ^u a prep>$ specim5 ( ! e> itself4 ,obs]vation ^u ! vibrations ( ! v>i\s bones )9 ! e> l$ him to conceive ! idea ( vibrat+ a piece ( iron 9 front ( an electro-magnet4 ,mr4 ,bell 0 at ?is "t an in/ructor 9 phonetics1 or ! art ( visible spee*1 9 ,monroe's ,s*ool ( ,oratory 9 ,bo/on4 ,"o ( 8 old pupils describes him !n z a sw>?y1 =eign-look+ p]sonage1 m ,italian ?an ,engli% 9 appe>ance1 ) jet-black hair & d>k sk94 ,8 mann] 0 e>ne/ & full ( conviction4 ,he 0 an en?usia/ 9 8 "w1 & only em]g$ f 8 habitual diffid5ce :5 call$ ^u to talk ^u 8 /udies & views4 ,he 0 mis]ably poor & almo/ )\t fri5ds4 ,:5 he 0 attack$ ) muscul> rheumatism1 9 #ahgc1 8 hospital exp5ses 7 paid by 8 employ]1 & 8 only visitors 7 "s ( ! pupils at ! s*ool4 ,until ! close ( #ahgd1 ,bell's exp]im5ts seem$ to promise no?+ ( practical value4 ,b 9 #ahge he began to transmit vibrations betwe5 two armatures1 "o at ea* end ( a wire4 ,he 0 mu* int]e/$ at ! "t 9 multiple telegraphy & fanci$ t some?+ might come ( "s su* arrangem5t ( _m magnetic armatures respond+ to ! vibrations set up 9 "o4 ,9 ,novemb]1 #ahge1 he discov]$ t ! vibrations creat$ 9 a re$ by ! voice c\ld be transmitt$ s z to reproduce words & s\nds4 ,"o day 9 ,janu>y1 #ahgf1 he call$ a doz5 ( ! pupils at ,monroe's s*ool into 8 room & exhibit$ an app>atus by :i* s++ 0 m or less satisfactorily transmitt$ by wire f ! cell> ( ! build+ to a room on ! f\r? floor4 ,! exhibition creat$ a s5sation among ! pupils1 b1 al?\gh no attempts 7 made by ,bell to conceal :at he 0 do+1 or h[ he did x1 ! noise ( 8 discov]y does n seem to h rea*$ ! outside _w4 ,) an old cig>-box1 two hundr$ feet ( wire1 two magnets f a toy fi%-pond1 ! fir/ ,bell telephone 0 br\ght into exi/5ce4 ,! app>atus 01 h[ev]1 n yet ! practical telephone z we "k x1 b x 0 suffici5t ( a curiosity to w>rant its exhibition 9 an improv$ =m at ! ,c5t5nial ,exhibition1 :5 ,sir ,william ,?omson spoke ( x z p]haps ! greate/ m>vel hi!rto a*iev$ by ! electric telegraph4 ,! next ye> ,bell succe$$ 9 br++ ! telephone to ! condition 9 :i* x became ( imm$iate practical value4 ,/range to say1 ! public 0 at fir/ sl[ to appreciate ! great importance ( ! inv5tion1 & :5 ,bell took x to ,engl&1 9 #ahgg1 he c\ld f9d no pur*as] = half ! ,european rights at #aj1jjj4 ,9 ?is c\ntry1 ?anks to ! bus9ess en]gy ( ,pr(essor ,g>d9] ,hubb>d1 ( ,h>v>d1 ,bell's fa!r-9-law1 ! telephone 0 soon made comm]cially valuable1 & !re are n[ said to be ne>ly six hundr$ ?\s& telephones 9 use 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates alone4 ,pr(essor ,bell1 z may be imag9$1 is n idle4 ,8 va/ =tune has enabl$ him to cont9ue co/ly exp]im5ts 9 aid+ deaf & dumb p1 & x w probably be 9 ?is field t 8 next a*ievem5t w be made4 ,p]sonally1 he is a res]v$ & ?\ghtful man1 :olly giv5 up to 8 sci5tific "w4 ,8 wife1 :om he m>ri$ 9 #ahgf1 0 "o ( 8 deaf & dumb pupils4 ,x is (t5 said t x 0 l>gely due to 8 int5se desire to s(t5 h] mis=tune t 8 exp]im5ts 7 s exhau/ive & f9ally became s productive 9 ano!r direction4 ,8 home life 9 ,wa%+ton1 :]e he b\ght1 9 #ahhe1 ! sup]b h\se on ,scott ,circle kn[n z ,broadhead's ,folly1 aft] ! man :o built x & ru9$ himself 9 s do+1 is said to be an ideally peaceful & happy "o1 giv5 up to /udy & ef=ts to alleviate ! tr\bles ( ! deaf & dumb4 ,z 9 ! case ( mo/ inv5tions ( su* imm5se value z ! telephone1 a =tune has _h to be sp5t 9 ord] to protect ! pat5t rights2 b 9 ,bell's case ! inv5tor's money rew>d has be5 ample & is n[ said to am\nt to m ?an #a1jjj1jjj a ye>4 ,j at pres5t ,mr4 ,bell is engag$ ^u a modification ( ! phonograph1 :i* may enable p]sons n :olly deaf to he> a phonographic reproduction ( ! human voice1 ev5 if !y _c he> ! voice itself4 ,honors h p\r$ 9 ^u him )9 ! la/ fifte5 ye>s4 ,9 #ahhj ! ,fr5* ,gov]nm5t aw>d$ him ! ,volta prize ( #aj1jjj1 :i* ,mr4 ,bell devot$ to f\nd+ ! ,volta ,laboratory 9 ,wa%+ton1 an in/itution = ! use ( /ud5ts4 ,9 #ahhb he also receiv$ f ,france ! ribbon ( ! ,legion ( ,honor4 ,,xi4 ,,am]ican ,,inv5tors1 ,,pa/ ,,& ,,pres5t4 ,!re are n[ 9 =ce 9 ?is c\ntry ne>ly ?ree hundr$ ?\s& pat5ts = inv5tions & devices ( m or less importance & aid to ev]yone4 ,to h[ great a degree ! _w is indebt$ to ! inv5tor1 v few ( u realize4 ,! m we ?9k ( ! matt]1 h[ev]1 ! m are we likely to believe t ! inv5tor is mank9d's great b5efactor4 ,watt %\ld /& be=e ,napoleon 9 ! h]o-wor%ip ( ! age1 & ! man :o p]fect$ ! friction-mat* be=e ! au?or ( an epic4 ,"s day ?is r$i/ribution ( ! _w's honors w surely take place1 & x %\ld be a satisfaction to u ,am]icans t our c\ntry /&s s high 9 ! ranks ( inv5tive g5ius4 ,)9 ! la/ half c5tury ,am]icans h contribut$1 to m5tion only great a*ievem5ts1 ! telegraph1 ! telephone1 ! electric light1 ! sew+-ma*9e1 ! reap]1 & vulcaniz$ rubb]1 to ! _w's weal?--a f> l>g] contribution ?an t ( any o!r nation4 ,:at may n ! next g5]ation produce8 ,"s p seem to believe t s mu* has already be5 inv5t$ z to h exhau/$ ! field4 ,9 ?is connection ,i h quot$ 9 ano!r place "s rem>ks ,mr4 ,edison once made to me z to :at ! next fifty ye>s might br+ =?4 ,/ill m a/oni%+ ?an our pa/ fecundity 9 inv5tion w\ld be future b>r5ness4 ,?is c5tury has done its "w & produc$ its m>vels ) comp>atively blunt tools1 or no tools at all4 ,! next c5tury w be able to "w ) sup]b in/rum5ts ( :i* our gr&fa!rs knew no?+4 ,! s*ool-boy to-day kn[s m ( ! =ces ( nature & _! useful application ?an ! magician ( fifty ye>s ago4 ,x has be5 said t ! fifte5 blocks 9 ! ,gem puzzle c be arrang$ 9 m ?an a million diff]5t ways4 ,! mat]ial 9 ! game at :i* man daily plays is s inf9itely m complex t ! numb] ( comb9ations _c be writt5 out 9 figures4 ,! rle play$ by inv5tion 9 mod]n life is inf9itely great] ?an dur+ prec$+ ages4 ,"o inv5tion1 by af=d+ a new tool1 makes o!rs possible4 ,! /eam-eng9e made possible ! dynamo1 ! dynamo made possible ! electric light4 ,9 its turn ! electric light may lead to wond]s /ill m extraord9>y4 ,! degree to :i* inv5tion has contribut$ to civilization is f> f suspect$ by ! c>eless obs]v]4 ,almo/ ev]y?+ we h or use is ! fruit ( inv5tion4 ,man might be def9$ z ! animal t inv5ts4 ,! air we brea! & ! wat] we dr9k are provid$ by ,nature1 b we dr9k wat] f a vessel ( "s k9d1 an inv5tion ( man4 ,ev5 if we dr9k f a %ell or a g\rd1 we %ape x to s]ve a new purpose4 ,if we want our air hott] or cold]1 we resort to inv5tion1 & a va/ am\nt ( +5uity has be5 exp5d$ ^u putt+ air 9 motion by means ( fans1 bl[]s1 v5tilators1 etc4 ,we take b a small "p ( our food z animals d--9 ! natural /ate4 ,! savage :o fir/ cru%$ "s k]nels ( :eat betwe5 two /ones inv5t$ fl\r1 & we are yet h>d at x inv5t+ improvem5ts ^u 8 process4 ,! e>lie/ inv5tions probably _h ref]5ce to ! procur+ & prep>+ ( food1 & ! +5uity ( man is /ill ex]cis$ ^u ^! problems m eag]ly ?an ev] be=e4 ,dur+ ! la/ fifty ye>s ! p[] ( man to produce food has increas$ m ?an dur+ ! prec$+ fifte5 c5turies4 ,sixty ye>s ago a l>ge "p ( ! :eat & o!r gra9 rais$ 9 ! _w 0 cut1 a h&ful at a "t1 ) a scy!1 & a man c\ld n reap mu* m ?an a qu>t] ( an acre a day4 ,) a ,mc,cormick reap] a man & two horses w cut f fifte5 to tw5ty acres ( gra9 a day4 ,9 ! ?re%+ ( gra91 inv5tion has a*iev$ almo/ z mu*4 ,a man ) a ma*9e w ?re% t5 times z mu* z he =m]ly c\ld ) a flail4 ,x is less ?an sixty ye>s s9ce mat*es h come into common use4 ,_m old m5 rememb] ! "t 9 ?is c\ntry :5 a fire c\ld be k9dl$ only ) ! emb]s f ano!r fire1 z !re 7 no su* ?+s z mat*es4 ,mo/ ( u :o h rea*$ ! age ( =ty rememb] ! abom9able1 clumsy sulphur-mat*es ( #ahfj1 z bulky z !y 7 unpleasant4 ,& yet ! fir/ sulphur-mat*es1 made ab\t #ahcj1 co/ t5 c5ts a hundr$4 ,to-day ! safety mat*1 c]ta9 & odorless1 is sold at "o-t5? ( ?is price4 ,! introduction ( k]os5e 0 "o ( ! bless+s ( mod]n life4 ,x add$ sev]al h\rs a day to ! useful1 intellig5t life ( man1 & :o c e/imate ! influ5ce ( ^! ev5+ h\rs ^u ! advance ( civilization8 ,! ev5+1 aft] ! day's "w is done1 has be5 ! only h\r :5 ! work+man c\ld read4 ,be=e *eap & good lights 7 giv5 him1 read+ 0 out ( ! "q4 ,gas m>k$ a /ep 9 advance1 b only = l>ge t[ns1 & n[ electricity bids fair soon to displace gas2 & we he> vague sugge/ions ( a lum9\s e!r t w flood h\ses ) a s(t gl[ l t ( sunlight4 ,,t[ns5d ,,& ,,drake--,,! ,,introduction ,,( ,,coal ,,oil4 ,9 #ahej sp]m oil1 !n commonly us$ 9 lamps1 _h become high-pric$1 ow+ to ! failure ( ! ,new ,b$=d :al]s1 & co/ #b4be a gallon4 ,oil obta9$ by ! di/illation ( coal 0 tri$1 b 0 also too co/ly--n less ?an #a a gallon4 ,x burn$ well1 b its odor 0 frightful4 ,! problem ( a *eap & pleasant light 0 solv$ by ,james ,m4 ,t[ns5d & ,e4,l4 ,drake1 bo? ( ,new ,hav54 ,9 #ahed a man br\ght to ,pr(essor ,silliman1 ( ,yale1 "s oil f ,oil ,creek1 ,pa41 to be te/$4 ,8 report 0 s favorable t a company 0 =m$1 :i* leas$ all ! l& along ,oil ,creek ^u :i* 7 traces ( ! new rock oil4 ,! h>d times ( #aheg came be=e any headway _h be5 made1 & ! company tri$ to f9d "s way ( ridd+ itself ( ! lease4 ,at ?is "t ,t[ns5d1 :o knew some?+ ab\t ! prop]ty1 und]took to get possession4 ,bo>d+ 9 ! same h\se 9 ,new ,hav5 0 ,e4,l4 ,drake1 once a conductor on ! ,new ,york ,new ,hav5 ,railroad1 :o _h be5 oblig$ to give up "w on acc\nt ( ill-heal?4 ,t[ns5d propos$ t z ,drake c\ld get railroad passes z an ex-employee1 he %\ld g to ,p5nsylvania & look into ! prop]ty4 ,he did s1 & report$ t a =tune might be made by ga!r+ ! oil & bottl+ x = m$ic9al purposes4 ,drake & ,t[ns5d organiz$ ! ,s5eca ,oil ,company4 ,! oil 0 ga!r$ by digg+ tr5*es1 & 0 sold at #a a gallon4 ,drake sugge/$ t x might be well to bore = oil4 ,a man famili> ) salt-well bor+ 0 br\ght f ,syracuse1 & 9 #ahej ! fir/ well 0 begun at ,titusville "u ! sup]vision ( ,drake4 ,he 0 commonly consid]$ by ! neighbors to be insane4 ,! "w 0 co/ly & sl[4 ,:5 _m mon?s & ab\t #ej1jjj _h be5 sp5t1 ! /ockhold]s 9 ! company refus$ to g any fur!r--all except ,t[ns5d1 :o s5t 8 la/ #ejj to ,drake1 ) in/ructions to use x 9 pay+ debts & 8 exp5ses 9 rea*+ home4 ,on ! day be=e ! receipt ( ?is money--,augu/ #bi1 #ahei--! aug]1 :i* 0 d[n sixty-eight feet1 /ruck a cavity1 & up came a fl[ ( oil t fill$ ! well to )9 five feet ( ! surface4 ,pump+ began at ! rate ( five hundr$ gallons a day1 & a m p[]ful pump d\bl$ ?is fl[4 ,z ?is oil 0 wor? a doll> a gallon1 =tune 0 )9 sight4 ,b ! v quantity ( ! oil prov$ to be ! company's ru94 ,_! works 7 de/roy$ by fire 9 ! w9t] ( #ahei-fj1 & be=e !y c\ld be rebuilt1 scores ( o!r wells1 "s ( !m requir+ no pump+ app>atus1 _h be5 sunk 9 ! neighborhood4 ,! supply 0 soon f> 9 excess ( ! dem&1 :i* 0 limit$ by ! small numb] ( ref9]ies1 ! want ( good lamps 9 :i* to burn ! oil1 & ! attacks by manufactur]s ( o!r oils4 ,su* 0 ! effect ( ^! causes t ! new oil fell to a doll> a b>rel1 a price s l[ t x did n pay = ! h&l+4 ,! ,s5eca ,oil ,company 0 s mu* disc\rag$ t !y sold out _! leases & disb&$4 ,bo? ,t[ns5d & ,drake w\ld h di$ ri*] m5 _h !y nev] he>d ( ! ,p5nsylvania rock oil4 ,,! ,,cl>ks ,,& ,,! ,,telescope4 ,illu/ration3 ,alvan ,cl>k4 ,! fame ( ,am]ican telescopes is due to ! "w & inv5tions ( ! ,cl>k family ( ,cambridgeport1 ,mass41 ! desc5dants ( ,?omas ,cl>k1 ! mate ( ! ,mayfl[]4 ,! f\nd] ( ! great--9 a sci5tific s5se--h\se ( ,alvan ,cl>k ,sons1 telescope-mak]s1 0 a rem>kable man4 ,until aft] 8 =tie? ye> he devot$ himself to portrait-pa9t+4 ,9 #ahdc 8 att5tion 0 accid5tally turn$ t[>d telescope-mak+4 ,"o day ! d9n]-bell at ,phillips ,academy1 ,&ov]1 ,mass41 happ5$ to break4 ,! pieces 7 ga!r$ up by "o ( ,cl>k's boys1 ,george1 :o proce$$ to melt !m 9 a crucible ov] ! kit*5 fire1 decl>+ t he 0 go+ to make a telescope4 ,8 "m laugh$1 b 8 fa!r 0 deeply int]e/$ & help$ ! boy make a five-in* reflect+ telescope :i* %[$ ! satellites ( ,jupit]4 ,?is 0 ! beg9n+ ( telescope-mak+ 9 ! ,cl>k family1 an indu/ry :i* has giv5 to ! sci5tific _w its mo/ rem>kable l5ses4 ,alvan ,cl>k dropp$ 8 pa9tbru%es1 nev] to take !m up aga9 until at ! age ( eighty-?ree he made an excell5t portrait ( 8 little gr&son4 ,to ,alvan ,g4 ,cl>k1 ! pres5t head ( ! h\se1 are *iefly due ! scores ( devices by :i* ,am]ican +5uity has surpass$ ! sl[] ,european me?ods4 ,! delicacy requir$ 9 ! manipulation & gr9d+ ( ! imm5se l5ses made by ! ,cl>ks is almo/ incr$ible4 ,! late/ triumph ( ! firm--a =ty-in* l5s = ! ,sp5ce ,obs]vatory at ,los ,angeles1 ,cal4--requir$ two ye>s ( gr9d+ & poli%+ aft] a piece ( glass p]fect en\gh _h be5 obta9$4 ,s delicately f9i%$ is x t half a doz5 %>p rubs ) ! s(t "p ( a man's ?umb w\ld be suffici5t to ru9 x4 ,alvan ,g4 ,cl>k is n[ a man sixty-"o ye>s-old4 ,he has liv$ all 8 life at ! home 9 ,cambridgeport4 ,8 greate/ sorr[ is t !re is no son ( 8 to c>ry on ! "w aft] 8 dea?4 ,8 only son di$ a few ye>s ago1 j z he 0 beg9n+ to %[ wond]ful aptitude 9 ! art :i* has made ! family fam\s 9 all ! great obs]vatories ( ! _w4 ,,john ,,fit* ,,& ,,oliv] ,,evans--,,/eam ,,transportation4 ,9 look+ ov] ! "w done by ,am]ican inv5tors1 ! great names are ^? to be f\nd at ! heads ( ! prec$+ *apt]s4 ,b ! li/ is by no means exhau/$4 ,among ! e>ly m5 ( a*ievem5t 9 ! field ( inv5tion ,i h _h to omit at lea/ a doz5 ^: "w des]ves m ?an a p>agraph4 ,! hi/ory ( ! /eamboat is n complete )\t ref]5ce to ,john ,fit*4 ,fulton 0 =tunate 9 mak+ ! fir/ really successful attempt at propell+ boats by /eam1 b ,fit* came v ne> reap+ ! honors = ?is inv5tion4 ,! acc\nt ( ,fit*'s life & exp]im5ts1 writt5 by himself & n[ 9 ! possession ( ! ,frankl9 ,libr>y ( ,philadelphia1 cle>ly %[s t ?is unhappy g5ius really des]ves to %>e 9 ,fulton's glory4 ,fit* 0 born 9 ,connecticut1 9 ,janu>y1 #agdc1 m ?an tw5ty ye>s be=e ,fulton4 ,he 0 a f>m]'s boy & pick$ up k z be/ he c\ld4 ,be=e he 0 tw5ty he _h le>n$ clock-mak+ & !n button-mak+4 ,x 0 9 #aghh t he obta9$ 8 fir/ pat5t = a /eamboat4 ,8 exp]im5tal boat 0 an extraord9>y affair1 fully describ$ 9 ! ,columbian 7,philadelphia7 ,magaz9e = ,decemb]1 #aghf4 ,its motive p[] consi/$ ( a clumsy eng9e t mov$ horizontal b>s1 ^u :i* 7 fa/5$ a numb] ( o>s or paddles4 ,s f> z possible ! ma*9e imitat$ ! movem5ts ( a man r[+4 ,?is boat made eight miles an h\r 9 calm wat]4 ,f9d+ no?+ b ridicule = 8 project "h1 z 8 /eamboat co/ too mu* money to run z a comm]cial und]tak+1 ,fit* w5t to ,europe1 & 0 equally unsuccessful !re4 ,!re is /ill 9 exi/5ce a lett] f him 9 :i* he pr$icts t /eam w\ld "s day c>ry vessels across ! ,atlantic4 ,he di$ 9 #agif1 )\t hav+ contribut$ m ?an a curiosity to ! art ( /eam navigation4 ,ano!r e>ly inv5tor 0 ,oliv] ,evans1 :o has be5 call$ ! ,watt ( ,am]ica4 ,9 #ahjd ,evans (f]$ to build = ! ,lanca/] ,turnpike ,company a /eam-c>riage to c>ry "o hundr$ b>rels ( fl\r fifty miles 9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,! (f] 0 d]id$4 ,"h is "o ( ,evans's pr$ictions writt5 at ab\t ?is "t3 ,! "t w come :5 p w travel 9 /ages1 mov$ by /eam-eng9es1 f "o city to ano!r1 almo/ z fa/ z birds fly1 fifte5 or tw5ty miles an h\r4 ,pass+ ?r\gh ! air ) su* velocity1 *ang+ ! sc5e ) su* rapid succession1 w be ! mo/ rapid1 exhil>at+ ex]cise4 ,a c>riage 7/eam7 w set out f ,wa%+ton 9 ! morn+1 ! pass5g]s w breakfa/ at ,baltimore1 d9e at ,philadelphia1 & sup 9 ,new ,york ! same day4 ,to accompli% ?is1 two sets ( railways w be laid s ne>ly level z n 9 any way to deviate m ?an two degrees f a horizontal l9e1 made ( wood1 or iron1 or smoo? pa?s ( brok5 /one or gravel1 ) a rail to guide ! c>riages s t !y may pass ea* o!r 9 diff]5t directions & travel by night z well z by day4 ,eng9es w drive boats t5 or twelve miles p] h\r1 & !re w be _m hundr$ /eamboats runn+ on ! ,mississippi4 ,9 #ahje ,evans built a /eam-c>riage propell$ by a sort ( paddle-:eel at ! /]n1 ! paddles t\*+ ! gr\nd4 ,?is app>atus he nam$ ! ,oructor ,amphibolis1 & x is believ$ to h be5 ! fir/ application ( /eam 9 ,am]ica to ! propell+ ( l& c>riages4 ,he di$ 9 #ahai )\t hav+ se5 8 /eam-c>riage come to any?+ practicable4 ,he made a =tune1 h[ev]1 f "s pat5ts ^u fl\r-mill improvem5ts4 ,,amos ,,:ittemore ,,& ,,?omas ,,blan*>d4 ,9 ! doma9 ( textile fabrics ,amos ,:ittemore1 ! ,massa*usetts inv5tor ( ! c>d-ma*9e1 :i* did away ) ! old-fa%ion$ me?od ( mak+ c>ds = cotton & wooll5 factories1 mu/ be m5tion$4 ,be=e ,:ittemore's ma*9e came into use1 ab\t #ahab1 su* c>ds 7 made by h&1 ! labor] /ick+ "o by "o into %eets ( lea!r ! wire /aples1 :i* op]ation gave "w to ?\s&s ( families 9 ,new ,engl& e>ly 9 ! c5tury4 ,:ittemore made a =tune by 8 inv5tion1 & devot$ ! la/ ye>s ( 8 life to a/ronomy4 ,ano!r ,massa*usetts boy1 ,?omas ,blan*>d1 inv5t$ ! la! = turn+ irregul> objects1 & well des]ves m5tion4 ,born 9 #aghh1 he 0 not$ z a boy = 8 effici5cy 9 ! ,new ,engl& accompli%m5t ( :ittl+1 mak+ wond]ful w9dmills & wat]-:eels ) 8 knife4 ,:5 ?irte5 ye>s old he made an apple-p>+ ma*9e1 ) :i* at ! p>+ bees held 9 ! neighborhood he c\ld accompli% m ?an a doz5 girls4 ,soon aft] ?is a*ievem5t he began help+ 8 bro!r 9 ! manufacture ( tacks4 ,! op]ation consi/$ 9 /amp+ !m out f a ?9 plate ( iron1 aft] :i* !y 7 tak5 up1 "o at a "t1 ) ! ?umb & f+] & caught 9 a tool work$ by ! foot1 :ile a bl[ giv5 simultane\sly ) a hamm] held 9 ! "r h& made a flat head ( ! l>ge end ( ! tack project+ above ! face ( ! vise4 ,?is 0 ! only me?od !n kn[n1 & x 0 s sl[ & irksome t "y ,blan*>d (t5 grew disgu/$4 ,z a daily task he 0 giv5 a c]ta9 quantity ( tacks to make1 :i* numb] 0 asc]ta9$ by c\nt+4 ,f9d+ ?is mu* tr\ble1 he con/ruct$ a c\nt+-ma*9e1 consi/+ ( a rat*et-:eel :i* mov$ "o too? e "t ! jaws ( ! head+ tool or vise mov$ 9 ! process ( mak+ a tack4 ,f ?is a*ievem5t he pass$ to a tack ma*9e1 & aft] six ye>s ( h>d "w turn$ out an app>atus t made five hundr$ tacks a m9ute4 ,he sold 8 pat5t = ! trifle ( #e1jjj4 ,) "p ( ?is money he began 8 exp]im5ts 9 turn+ musket-b>rels1 an op]ation t 0 simple en\gh except at ! bree*1 :]e ! flat & oval sides _h to be gr\nd d[n or *ipp$4 ,blan*>d made a la! t turn$ ! :ole b>rel satisfactorily4 ,:ile exhibit+ 8 new la! at ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,armory at ,spr+field1 occurr$ ! incid5t t l$ to ,blan*>d's great device = turn+ irregul> =ms4 ,"o ( ! m5 employ$ 9 cutt+ musket-/ocks rem>k$ t ,blan*>d c\ld nev] spoil 8 job1 = he c\ld n turn a gun-/ock4 ,! rem>k /ruck ,blan*>d1 :o repli$1 ,i am n s sure ( t1 b w ?9k ( x a :ile4 ,! result ( six mon?s' /udy 0 ! la! ) :i* su* articles z gun-/ocks1 %oe-la/s1 hat-blocks1 tackle-blocks1 axe-h&les1 wig-blocks1 & a ?\s& o!r objects ( irregul> %ape may n[ be turn$4 ,:ile at ,wa%+ton gett+ 8 pat5t1 ,blan*>d exhibit$ 8 ma*9e at ! ,w> ,(fice1 :]e _m heads ( dep>tm5ts _h assembl$4 ,among ! re/ 0 a navy commission]1 :o1 aft] li/5+ to ,blan*>d1 rem>k$ to ! inv5tor3 ,c y turn a sev5ty-f\r8 ,yes1 0 ! reply1 if y w furni% ! block4 ,blan*>d aft]w>d made _m int]e/+ exp]im5ts 9 /eam-c>riages1 b 8 *ief claim to fame re/s ^u 8 la!4 ,,ri*>d ,m4 ,,hoe ,,& ,,! ,,web-,,press4 ,f ! end ( ! fir/ half ( ?is c5tury date movem5ts ( extraord9>y importance 9 ! _w ( ,am]ican inv5tion4 ,! locomotive1 ! /eam-eng9e & /eam-boat1 ! telegraph1 reap+-ma*9e1 ! pr9t+-press1 all seem$ to rea* an era ( wide usefulness at ab\t ! same "t4 ,x 0 9 #ahad t ,walt]s fir/ pr9t$ ! ,london ,times by /eam1 ! sull5 pressm5 /&+ ar\nd wait+ = a pretext to de/roy ! ma*9]y1 & only prev5t$ by /rategy f do+ s4 ,ab\t ?irty ye>s aft]w>d ,ri*>d ,m4 ,hoe fir/ turn$ 8 att5tion to ! improvem5t ( pr9t+-presses4 ,! f\nd] ( ! fam\s h\se ( pr9t+-press mak]s1 ,rob]t ,hoe1 0 born 9 ,engl&4 ,8 son1 ,ri*>d ,m>* ,hoe1 0 born 9 ,new ,york on ! #ab? ( ,septemb]1 #ahab4 ,he made 8 fir/ press 9 #ahdj1 :5 he turn$ out ! ma*9e kn[n z ,hoe's ,d\ble-cyl9d]1 :i* 0 capable ( mak+ ab\t six ?\s& impressions an h\r1 & 0 ! admiration ( all ! pr9t]s 9 ! city4 ,s long z ! newspap] circulation knew no great increase ?is wond]ful press 0 all-suffici5t2 b ! great] ! supply ! great] grew ! dem&1 & a pr9t+-press capable ( /rik+ (f pap]s ) great] rapidity 0 felt to be an imp]ative ne$4 ,x 0 (t5 necess>y to hold ! =ms back until ne>ly daylight = ! purpose ( gett+ ! late/ news1 & ! "w ( pr9t+ ! pap] _h to be done 9 a v few h\rs4 ,9 #ahdb ,hoe began to exp]im5t = ! purpose ( gett+ great] spe$4 ,!re 7 _m difficulties 9 ! way1 h[ev]1 & at ! end ( f\r ye>s ( exp]im5t+ he 0 ab\t ready to confess t ! ob/acles 7 insurm\ntable4 ,"o night 9 #ahdf1 :ile /ill 9 ?is mood1 he resum$ 8 exp]im5ts2 ! m he review$ ! problem1 ! m difficult x seem$4 ,9 despair he 0 ab\t to give x up = ! night1 :5 !re fla%$ across 8 bra9 a plan = secur+ ! type on ! surface ( a cyl9d]4 ,?is 0 ! solution ( ! problem1 & )9 a ye> our lead+ newspap]s _h _! ,lightn+ presses1 9 :i* f f\r to t5 cyl9d]s 7 us$ to fe$ %eets ( pap] aga9/ ! surface ( ! type z x flew ar\nd4 ,s rec5tly z #ahgj ! t5-cyl9d] ,hoe press1 pr9t+ tw5ty-five ?\s& %eets an h\r1 0 consid]$ a m>vel4 ,!n came ! p]fect+ press1 a f> small] ma*9e1 b capable ( five times z mu* "w1 ?anks to ! sub/itution ( rolls ( pap] = sep>ate %eets f$ 9 "o by "o4 ,! device by :i* ! web ( pap] aft] be+ pr9t$ on "o side is turn$ ov] & pr9t$ on ! o!r side 9 ! same ma*9e 0 ano!r triumph ( ,am]ican +5uity4 ,/]eotyp+ made x possible to pr9t f a doz5 presses at ! same "t )\t ! tr\ble ( sett+ up new type1 & inv5tions = pa/+1 fold+1 & c\nt+ ! pap]s /ill fur!r increas$ ! spe$ at :i* pap]s may be issu$1 :ile at ! same "t decreas+ ! numb] ( m5 employ$ z pressm54 ,9 #ahfe x requir$ ! s]vices ( tw5ty-six m5 & boys to pr9t & fold tw5ty-five ?\s& copies ( an eight-page pap] 9 an h\r4 ,to-day a p]fect+ press1 ) ! aid ( f\r m51 does f\r times z mu* "w4 ,x has be5 rec5tly e/imat$ t to pr9t1 pa/e1 & fold ! ,sunday edition ( "o ( ! great newspap]s ) ! ma*9]y ( #ahfe w\ld require ! s]vices ( five hundr$ p]sons4 ,,?omas ,w4 ,,h>vey ,,& ,,screw-,,mak+4 ,! gimlet-po9t$ screw pat5t$ 9 #ahch by ,?omas ,w4 ,h>vey1 ( ,provid5ce1 ,r4,i41 is a m>k$ in/ance ( an improvem5t s useful t we c sc>cely realize t less ?an fifty ye>s ago su* screws 7 unkn[n to ! c>p5t]1 = x 0 n until #ahdf t ,h>vey succe$$ 9 gett+ p to ab&on ! old blunt-end$ screw t we n[ occasionally f9d 9 build+s put up be=e #ahej4 ,h>vey 0 a ,v]mont boy1 born 9 #agie4 ,8 faculty = ! inv5tion ( ma*9]y = screw-mak+ & o!r purposes gave him & 8 associates & successors--,angell1 ,sloan1 & ,:ipple--great =tunes accord+ to ! e/imate ( t day4 ,he di$ 9 #ahef4 ,c4,l4 ,,%oles ,,& ,,! ,,typewrit]4 ,illu/ration3 ,c4,l4 ,%oles4 ,a great _m m5 contribut$ to make ! typewrit] :at x is to-day--z mu* ( an improvem5t ^u ! p5 z ! sew+-ma*9e is ^u ! ne$le4 ,s long ago z #ahdc "s pat5ts 7 tak5 out = div]s =ms ( writ+-ma*9es1 all m or less impracticable4 ,x 0 n until ,c4,l4 ,%oles1 !n ( ,wiscons91 took up ! problem1 9 #ahff1 t ! pres5t =m ( a numb] ( type-b>s1 arrang$ s t _! ends /rike ^u a common c5tre1 0 devis$4 ,%oles di$ 9 #ahij1 hav+ also help$ by _m m9or devices ! increase 9 ! use ( writ+-ma*9es4 ,f #ahfe to #ahgc he made ?irty diff]5t work+ models ( writ+-ma*9es1 devot+ himself to ! task almo/ day & night = eight ye>s4 ,b4,b4 ,,hot*kiss ,,& ,,8 ,,guns4 ,illu/ration3 ,b4,b4 ,hot*kiss4 ,am]ican inv5tors h _h1 z a rule1 b small success 9 mak+ ,europe see ! value ( _! inv5tions be=e ?is c\ntry has prov$ x4 ,morse c\ld get nei!r ,engl& nor ,france to take an int]e/ 9 8 telegraph s*emes1 &1 at a lat] day1 ,bell's telephone 0 receiv$ 9 ,engl& z a curi\s device1 b n wor? inve/+ money 94 ,an exception to ?is rule may be f\nd1 h[ev]1 9 ! case ( ,b4,b4 ,hot*kiss1 a ,connecticut inv5tor1 :o dur+ ! civil w> conceiv$ ! idea ( a bree*-load+ cannon4 ,9 #ahfi ,hot*kiss m\nt$ "o ( 8 small guns 9 ! ,brooklyn ,navy-y>d1 b f\nd no enc\ragem5t to exp]im5t fur!r4 ,! ,franco-,g]man w> f\nd him 9 ,europe ) a bree*-load+ gun t w\ld ?r[ %ells4 ,8 success 0 su* t !re is n a civiliz$ c\ntry :]e ,hot*kiss guns1 ?r[+ light %ells ) a rapidity n dream$ ( ye>s ago1 are n n[ 9 use4 ,! inv5tor has made a l>ge =tune & has _h ! pleasure ( s5d+ to ?is c\ntry a numb] ( guns = our cruis]s1 ! ,atlanta1 ! ,bo/on1 ! ,*icago1 & ! ,dolph94 ,s great is ! rapidity1 accuracy1 & p[] ( ^! ,hot*kiss rapid-fire guns t "s exp]ts expect to see two-?irds ( an action f\ght ) ^! or simil> pieces1 :i* !y ?9k w sil5ce & put out ( action all ! heavy guns 9 a few m9utes aft] ! enemies come )9 fifte5 hundr$ y>ds ( ea* o!r4 ,= in/ance1 ! late/ piece is a six-p\nd]1 :i*1 ) smokeless p[d]1 has a range ( five ?\s& y>ds & an effective fight+ range ( "o ?\s& y>ds1 )9 :i* di/ance a t>get ! size ( a six-in* gun c be hit ne>ly e "t & five in*es ( wr\ght iron p]=at$4 ,a spe$ 9 fir+ ( tw5ty-five %ots a m9ute has be5 atta9$4 ,,*>les ,f4 ,,bru% ,,& ,,! ,,dynamo4 ,a trifl+ incid5t reveal$ to an ,italian savant ! fact t :5 two metals & ! leg ( a frog came into contact ! muscles ( ! leg contract$4 ,! galvanic batt]y result$4 ,ye>s lat] ano!r obs]v] discov]$ t if a wire c>ry+ a curr5t ( electricity 0 w\nd ar\nd a piece ( s(t iron ! latt] became a magnet4 ,out ( ^! simple discov]ies h aris5 ! telegraph1 ! telephone1 & a ho/ ( inv5tions dep5d+ ^u electricity4 ,& to-day1 ) all ! wond]s accompli%$ 9 ?is field1 we are yet ^u ! ?re%old ( ! en*ant$ palace t electricity is ab\t to op5 to u4 ,?r\gh its aid we %all "o day enjoy light1 heat1 & p[] almo/ z freely z we n[ enjoy air4 ,! crops w be plant$1 wat]$1 cultivat$1 ga!r$1 & transport$ to ! utt]mo/ ends ( ! e>? by electricity4 ,! /eam-eng9e is said to d ! "w ( two hundr$ million m51 & to h be5 ! *ief ag5t 9 r$uc+ ! av]age work+ h\rs ( m5 9 ! civiliz$ _w 9 ?is c5tury f f\rte5 h\rs a day to t54 ,b electricity1 accord+ to ev5 cons]vative judges1 w accompli% inf9itely m4 ,x w make possible ! h>ness+ ( va/ =ces ( nature1 su* z ! falls ( ,niag>a1 because ! electric curr5t c be transport$ f place to place at small co/ & x is easily trans=m$ into light or p[] or heat4 ,)9 a few mon?s we %all see ! fir/ results ( ! great "w at ,niag>a4 ,be=e _m ye>s ! p[] ( ! tides is c]ta9 to be us$ along ! seabo>d = produc+ electricity4 ,"h is a =ce equal to t ( a million ,niag>as go+ to wa/e4 ,illu/ration3 ,*>les ,f4 ,bru%4 ,! late ,cl]k ,maxwell1 :5 ask$ by a di/+ui%$ sci5ti/ :at 0 ! greate/ sci5tific discov]y ( ! la/ half-c5tury1 repli$3 ,t ! ,gramme ma*9e is rev]sible4 ,9 o!r words1 t p[] w n only produce electricity1 b t electricity w produce p[]4 ,by turn+ a big :eel at ,niag>a we c produce an electric curr5t t w turn ano!r :eel = u fifty1 or p]haps five hundr$ miles away4 ,! dynamo is "o ( ! great a*ievem5ts ( ! day to :i* ,*>les ,f4 ,bru%1 ( ,clevel&1 ,o41 has devot$ himself ) mu* signal success4 ,bru% 0 born 9 ,m>*1 #ahdi1 9 ,euclid ,t[n%ip ne> ,clevel&1 & 8 e>ly ye>s 7 sp5t on 8 fa!r's f>m4 ,:5 f\rte5 ye>s old he w5t to ! public s*ool at ,collam]1 & lat] to ! ,clevel& ,high-s*ool1 & z e>ly z #ahfb di/+ui%$ himself by mak+ magnetic ma*9es & batt]ies = ! high-s*ool4 ,dur+ 8 s5ior ye> 9 ! high-s*ool1 ! *emical & physical app>atus ( ! laboratory ( ! s*ool 0 plac$ "u 8 *>ge4 ,9 ?is ye> he con/ruct$ an electric motor hav+ its field magnets z well z its armature excit$ by ! electric curr5t4 ,he also con/ruct$ a microscope & a telescope1 mak+ all ! p>ts himself1 d[n to ! gr9d+ ( ! l5ses4 ,he devis$ an app>atus = turn+ on ! gas 9 ! /reet-lamps ( ,clevel&1 light+ x & turn+ x (f aga94 ,:5 he 0 eighte5 ye>s ( age he ent]$ ,mi*igan ,univ]sity at ,ann ,arbor1 &1 foll[+ 8 p>ticul> b5t1 0 graduat$ z a m9+ eng9e] 9 #ahfi1 "o ye> ahead ( 8 class4 ,return+ to ,clevel& he began "w z an analytical *emi/ & soon became int]e/$ 9 ! iron bus9ess4 ,9 #ahge ,bru%'s att5tion 0 fir/ call$ to electricity by ,george ,w4 ,/ockly1 :o sugge/$ t !re 0 an imm5se field ready = a *eap] & m easily manag$ dynamo ?an ! ,gramme or ,siem5s1 ! be/ types !n kn[n4 ,/ockly1 :o 0 int]e/$ 9 ! ,telegraph ,supply ,company1 ( ,clevel&1 agre$ to und]take ! manufacture ( su* a ma*9e if "o 0 devis$4 ,9 two mon?s ,bru% made a dynamo s p]fect 9 e way t x 0 runn+ until x 0 tak5 to ! ,_w's ,fair 9 #ahic4 ,hav+ made a good dynamo1 ! next /ep 0 a bett] lamp ?an ^? 9 use4 ,six mon?s ( exp]im5t+ result$ 9 ! ,bru% arc light4 ,/ockly 0 s well satisfi$ ) ! comm]cial value ( ^! inv5tions t ! ,telegraph ,supply ,company1 a small conc]n !n employ+ ab\t tw5ty-five m51 0 reorganiz$ 9 #ahgi1 z ! ,bru% ,electric ,company4 ,9 #ahhj ! ,bru% ,company put its fir/ lights into ,new ,york ,city1 & x has s9ce ext5d$ ! sy/em until !re is sc>cely a t[n 9 ! c\ntry :]e ! light may n be f\nd4 ,besides dynamos & lamps1 ! imm5se e/abli%m5t at ,clevel& employs its twelve hundr$ m5 9 mak+ c>bons1 /orage-batt]ies1 & electro-plat+ app>atus4 ,mr4 ,bru% is a self-taught me*anic1 able to d any "w ( 8 %ops 9 a mann] equal to t ( an exp]t4 ,he is int5sely practical1 nev] ov]-sangu9e1 & an excell5t bus9ess man4 ,if a delicate piece ( "w is to be done = ! fir/ "t1 he w probably d x ) 8 own h&s4 ,he is n fond ( exp]im5t = ! exp]im5t's sake2 he wants to see ! practical utility ( ! aim 9 view be=e devot+ "t to its atta9m5t4 ,( ! scores ( pat5ts he has tak5 out1 two-?irds are said to pay him a rev5ue4 ,9 #ahha1 at ! ,p>is ,electrical ,exposition1 ,bru% receiv$ ! ribbon ( ! ,legion ( ,honor4 ,9 p]sonal appe>ance !re is no?+ ( ! r\nd-%\ld]$1 impecuni\s1 /udi\s inv5tor ab\t him4 ,he is six feet or m 9 height1 & s f9e a specim5 ( manhood t ,gambetta1 ! ,fr5* /atesman1 once rem>k$ t ! man impress$ him q z mu* z ! inv5tor4 ,,eickemey] ,,& ,,8 ,,motor4 ,illu/ration3 ,rudolph ,eickemey]4 ,9 ! same field ( electricity1 z appli$ to e-day life1 a ,bav>ian by bir?1 b an ,am]ican by adoption1 ,rudolf ,eickemey]1 ( ,yonk]s1 has done "s valuable "w 9 devis+ a useful =m ( dynamo4 ,8 ma*9es are n[ us$ almo/ exclusively = elevators & hoi/+ app>atus1 "o l>ge firm ( elevator build]s hav+ put 9 no less ?an six hundr$ ,eickemey] motors )9 ! la/ f\r ye>s4 ,z electricity becomes m & m useful = small p[]s1 su* z la!s1 pumps1 & elevators1 an effective & simple motor becomes ( ! utmo/ importance4 ,rudolf ,eickemey] 0 born 9 ,octob]1 #ahca1 at ,kais]slaut]n1 ,bav>ia1 :]e 8 fa!r 0 employ$ z a =e/]4 ,he 0 educat$ at ! ,d>m/adt ,polyte*nic ,in/itute & at once %[$ a pr$ilection = sci5tific "w4 ,:5 /ill a boy he jo9$ ! ,revolutioni/s "u ,siegel1 & aft] ! upheaval ( #ahdh came "h ) ,siegel1 ,c>l ,s*urz1 & ,george ,o/]held1 ! latt] aft]w>d becom+ 8 p>tn]4 ,! "y man's fir/ "w "h 0 z an eng9e] on ! ,erie ,railroad l9e1 !n build+4 ,9 #ahed he e/abli%$ himself 9 ,yonk]s 9 ! bus9ess ( repair+ ! tools us$ 9 ! _m hat-%ops ( t already fl\ri%+ city4 ,! next tw5ty ye>s ( 8 life 7 devot$ to inv5tions & improvem5ts 9 e bran* ( hat-mak+4 ,8 %av+-ma*9es1 /ret*]s1 block]s1 press]s1 iron]s1 & sew+-ma*9es sub/itut$ me*anism = labori\s & sl[ me?ods ( h& "w4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( ! w> ,eickemey] 0 quick to see ! opportunity = turn+ 8 factory to o!r uses1 & va/ quantities ( revolv]s 7 made !re4 ,:5 t indu/ry decl9$1 he took up ! manufacture ( m[+-ma*9es1 hav+ inv5t$ a driv+ me*anism = su* ma*9es t met ) wide favor4 ,! introduction ( ! ,bell telephone 9 ,yonk]s fir/ turn$ ,eickemey]'s att5tion to electricity1 & = ! la/ t5 ye>s he has devot$ himself almo/ exclusively to ! inv5tion & manufacture ( electric motors4 ,8 fir/ successful inv5tion 9 ?is field 0 a dynamo to furni% light = railroad tra9s4 ,f ?is he 0 l$ to ! inv5tion ( a dynamo capable ( do+ effective "w at mu* l[] spe$ ?an t usually employ$1 & ?is has prov$ to be 8 mo/ valuable a*ievem5t4 ,"s improvem5ts 9 w9d+ ! armatures h also be5 accept$ z valuable & adopt$ by o!r manufactur]s4 ,9 connection ) /orage batt]ies ,mr4 ,eickemey] has also done a good deal ( int]e/+ "w4 ,b he is *iefly kn[n to ! electrical _w z ! inv5tor ( a mo/ useful dynamo = p[] purposes4 ,= ! la/ =ty ye>s he has be5 "o ( ! m5 :o h mo/ aid$ 9 ! gr[? ( ,yonk]s1 tak+ great int]e/ 9 all que/ions p]ta9+ to its gov]nm5t & s*ool sy/em4 ,he 0 m>ri$ 9 #ahef to ,m>y ,t4 ,t>bell1 ( ,dov]1 ,me41 & 8 elde/ son1 ,rudolf ,eickemey]1 ,jr41 is associat$ ) him 9 bus9ess4 ,,george ,,we/+h\se1 ,,jr41 ,,& ,,! ,,air-,,brake4 ,illu/ration3 ,george ,we/+h\se1 ,jr4 ,george ,we/+h\se1 ,jr41 to :om is due ! railroad air-brake1 & :o 0 also l>gely in/rum5tal 9 revolutioniz+ ,pittsburgh by ! introduction ( natural gas1 0 born at ,c5tral ,bridge1 9 ,s*oh>ie ,c\nty1 ,n4,y41 9 #ahdf4 ,8 fa!r 0 a build] &1 lat]1 sup]9t5d5t ( ! ,s*5ectady ,agricultural ,works1 & x 0 9 ! %ops ( ^! works t ! boy f\nd 8 vocation4 ,be=e he 0 fifte5 he _h modell$ & built a /eam eng9e4 ,! w> took him away f "w 9 #ahfd1 b :5 t 0 ov] he return$ to ,s*5ectady &1 al?\gh yet 9 8 te5s1 he began to attempt improvem5ts ^u e device t pres5t$ itself4 ,sometimes he 0 successful4 ,among "o ( 8 fir/ valuable a*ievem5ts 0 a /eel railroad frog t result$ 9 a good deal ( money & "s reputation4 ,?is 0 9 #ahfh4 ,:ile 9 ,pittsburgh mak+ 8 frogs1 :i* sold well1 he "o day came across a newspap] acc\nt ( ! successful use ( compress$ air 9 pi]c+ ! ,mont ,c5is tunnel4 ,8 success 9 ! field ( railroad appliances _h l$ him to /udy ! "q ( bett] brakes1 & ! sugge/ion ( compress$ air came to him z a revelation4 ,to /op a tra9 by ! old me?ods 0 a matt] ( mu* "t & a trem5d\s exp5diture ( muscul> en]gy by ! brakeman1 ^: ex]tions 7 n always effective en\gh to prev5t disa/]4 ,we/+h\se consult$ "o or two fri5ds1 :o 7 incl9$ to ridicule ! idea t a rubb] tube /rung along "u ! c>s c\ld d bett] "w ?an ! m5 at ! brakes4 ,=tunately1 he 0 able to make ! exp]im5t1 & ! air-brake 0 spe$ily recogniz$ z "o ( ! important inv5tions ( ! c5tury4 ,:5 petroleum 0 discov]$ 9 ! fields ne> ,pittsburgh1 "s t5 ye>s ago1 ,mr4 ,we/+h\se 0 greatly int]e/$1 & at once sugge/$ t p]haps oil might be f\nd ne> 8 own home 9 ,wa%+ton ,c\nty4 ,he decid$ to te/ ! matt]1 & plant$ a d]rick on 8 own gr\nds4 ,! drill 0 />t$ 9 ,decemb]1 #ahhc1 & at a dep? ( #a1efj feet a ve9 0 /ruck1 n ( oil1 z 0 anticipat$1 b--:at _h n be5 c\nt$ ^u z among ! cont+5cies--( gas4 ,gas 0 n :at ,we/+h\se 0 aft] or want$1 b !re x 01 & n wi%+ to let x run to wa/e1 he began to consid] :at use c\ld be made ( x4 ,o!r p :o _h be5 bor+ = oil also /ruck gas1 :i*1 tak+ fire1 %ot up tw5ty or ?irty feet4 ,if su* gas c\ld be made to s]ve f\ndry purposes1 "h 0 a gigantic p[] go+ to wa/e4 ,)9 ?ree ye>s ! bus9ess grew to be an imm5se "o4 ,! company organiz$ by ,mr4 ,we/+h\se own$ or controll$ fifty-six ?\s& acres1 ^u :i* 7 "o hundr$ wells & a di/ribut+ plant ( f\r hundr$ miles ( pipes4 ,not)/&+ ! failure ( "s ( ! wells s9ce !n1 natural gas is an extraord9>y boon = :i* ,pittsburgh has to ?ank ,mr4 ,we/+h\se4 ,( late ye>s ?is inv5tor's en]gies h be5 turn$ t[>d electric ma*9]y = light+ & p[]1 especially z appli$ to railroad purposes1 & a numb] ( useful devices h result$4 ,mr4 ,we/+h\se is /ill 9 ! prime ( life & is activity p]sonifi$4 ,he makes 8 home 9 ,pittsburgh1 & is naturally look$ ^u z "o ( its lead+ spirits4 ,! field ( electric inv5tion is s va/ & s actively work$ t "o _c take up a newspap] )\t f9d+ ref]5ce to "s new a*ievem5t made possible by ?is wond]ful ag5t1 ^: real p[]s 7 unsuspect$ fifty ye>s ago4 ,aside f ! direct value ( ^! inv5tions 9 promot+ ! com=t & increas+ ! weal? ( ! c\ntry !re is ano!r factor to be consid]$ hav+ ! mo/ vital relation to ! indu/ries ( ! c\ntry & its p[]s ( production4 ,! l>ge numb] ( inv5tions made 9 ^! ,unit$ ,/ates implies a high degree ( intellig5ce & m5tal activity 9 ! great body ( ! p4 ,x indicates tra9$ habits ( obs]vation & tra9$ p[]s ( apply+ k :i* has be5 acquir$4 ,x %[s an ability to turn to acc\nt ! =ces ( ,nature &1 tra9 !m to ! s]vice ( man1 su* z has be5 possess$ by ! labor]s ( no o!r c\ntry4 ,x sugge/s z p]t95t ! inquiry :e!r any o!r c\ntry is s well equipp$ = competition 9 production z our own2 :e!r 9 any o!r c\ntry ! me*anic is s effici5t & 8 labor1 !re=e1 s *eap z 9 our own2 :e!r he does n exhibit ! seem+ p>adox ( receiv+ m = 8 labor ?an 9 any o!r c\ntry1 & at ! same "t do+ m = :at he receives4 ,,! ,,end4