,transcrib]'s note3  ,text enclos$ by   
und]scores is 9 italics 7italics74      
,text enclos$ by equal signs is 9 bold  
face 7bold74  ,small capital text has   
be5 replac$ ) all capitals4             
,illu/ration3 ,publi%]'s ,m>k    ,,home 
,,& ,,_w ,,s]ies     ,,h[ ,,we ,,are    
,,f$    ,a ,,geographical ,,read]       
,,by    ,,james ,,frankl9 ,,*amb]la91   
,,ed4,b41 ,s4,b4   ,,dep>tm5t ,,(       
,,geography1 ,,/ate ,,normal ,,s*ool    
,,los ,,angeles1 ,,cali=nia    ,new     
,york   ,,! ,,macmillan ,,company       
,,london3 ,,macmillan  ,,co41 ,,ltd4    
#aiab    ,all rights res]v$             
,,copyright1 #aijc1   ,,by ,,!          
,,macmillan ,,company4    ,set up1      
electrotyp$1 & publi%$ ,june1 #aijc4    
,repr9t$   ,janu>y1 ,june1 ,augu/1      
#aijd3 ,july1 #aije2 ,janu>y1 #aijf2    
,augu/1 ,decemb]1 #aijg2 ,septemb]1     
#aiji2 ,augu/1 #aiaj2   ,augu/1 #aiaa2  
,june1 #aiab4     ,norwood ,press   ,j4 
,s4 ,cu%+  ,co4--,b]wick  ,smi? ,co4    
,norwood1 ,mass41 ,u4 ,s4 ,a4           

,,preface   ,9 ! ord9>y c\rse ( ev5ts1  
mo/ individuals take "s "p 9 ! manifold 
indu/ries :i* engage ! m9d & ! h& ( man1
 by :i* alone our pres5t-day            
civilization c be ma9ta9$4 ,^! great _w 
activities t\* ! daily life ( e memb] ( 
society1 :e!r *ild or adult1 work] or   
idl]4  ,a *a9 ( mutual dep5d5ce1 too (t5
 unrecogniz$1 b9ds toge!r ! memb]s ( !  
human family1 :e!r !y belong to ! same  
community or dwell on opposite sides ( !
 e>?4 ,! l9ks ( ?is *a9 are made up ( ! 
articles :i* con/itute our daily food1  
our clo?+1 homes1 fuel1 light1 our means
 ( communication & transportation1 &    
only by cont9u\s cooep]ation are !y kept
 toge!r4  ,! highe/ motive 9 education  
is to pres5t ! conditions :i* w lead to 
! mo/ complete liv+2 to build up ! be/  
possible memb]s ( society2 to develop   
"*4 ,an individual :o does n und]/& !   
life ( :i* he f9ds himself a "p1 _c be 9
 full sympa?y ) its conditions & h5ce _c
 be ( ! mo/ s]vice to himself or to     
o!rs4 ,only to ! ext5t t education &    

life foll[ ! same g5]al c\rse1 c ea* be 
truly successful4 ,f> too little is done
 9 our s*ools to acqua9t *ildr5 ) _!    
relations to ! great indu/rial & social 
organization ( :i* !y are memb]s4 ,ev5  
gr[n p]sons h1 z a rule1 a v indef9ite k
 ( ^! relations4  ,x is a recogniz$     
pr9ciple t our k ( geography has its    
f\ndation 9 our k ( ! home4 ,! natural  
connect+ l9k betwe5 ! imm$iate surr\nd+s
 & ! outside _w is ! pres5t daily life (
 ! home4 ,?r\gh ! indu/ries se5 9 !     
community1 ! commodities 9 g5]al use1 & 
! hi/ory ( _! creation & supply1 ! pupil
 acquires an insight into ! life ab\t   
him z well z into t ( o!r p>ts ( ! _w4  
,he also realizes ! great tru? t ! _w & 
its p are 9 intimate t\* ) him4 ,9 ?is  
way he is l$ back & =? along ! r\tes :i*
 civilization has foll[$ 9 its progress1
 :i* x also foll[s to-day1 z mank9d     
clasp h&s across oceans & cont95ts4 ,?us
 ! remote & ab/ract become imm$iate &   
concrete4 ,facts are se5 9 a sett+ (    
reason1 & a logical & int]e/+ basis = ! 

/udy ( physical1 climatic1 & human      
conditions is furni%$4  ,?is /udy beg9s 
) ! commodities 9 con/ant use & f9ally  
encompasses ! :ole _w1 b always ) ! home
 z ! base ( op]ations4 ,x w create a k (
 ! int]dep5d5ce ( individuals1          
communities1 & nations1 & a g5u9e       
respect = ! "w ( ! h&s & = ! work]4 ,!  
importance ( ?is respect is n likely to 
be ov]e/imat$4 ,)\t x a true democracy  
_c long exi/4  ,read+ %\ld n only s]ve =
 ! acquisition & ! expression ( ! ?\ght 
conta9$ 9 ! pr9t$ page2 x %\ld1 9       
addition1 /imulate to new ?\ght--to     
indep5d5t p[] 9 reason+4 ,on ?is acc\nt 
que/ions are ins]t$ :i* ! pupil is left 
to answ]4 ,^! are sugge/ive ( a mu* l>g]
 numb]1 :i* %\ld be work$ out by !      
tea*]4 ,too _m ( ! que/ions f\nd 9 books
 d n /imulate ?\ght or indep5d5t p[] 9  
reason+4 ,!y are purely in=matory & n at
 all =mative4  ,no attempt has be5 made 
to treat e article ( food4 ,^? 9 mo/    
g5]al use1 z well z ^? :i* w be/ s]ve to
 develop a k ( geographical conditions &

 ( man's relation to man1 h be5 *os54   
,a giv5 indu/ry is pursu$ 9 some:at     
diff]5t ways 9 diff]5t places4 ,x has n 
be5 ?\ght wise to describe ea*          
modification 9 ^! pages4 ,= example1 !  
me?od ( h&l+ :eat 9 ,cali=nia is diff]5t
 f t employ$ 9 ,m9nesota4 ,! value ( !  
"w w be increas$ if ! tea*] w br+ out ^!
 po9ts4  ,all places m5tion$ %\ld he    
def9itely locat$1 bo? z to position on !
 map or globe & ) ref]5ce to ! home4 ,:5
 develop$ f ! /&po9t ( direct1 p]sonal  
int]e/1 a k ( ! location ( places z well
 z ( o!r facts m5tion$ is mo/ likely to 
be reta9$4  ,! illu/rations us$ h be5 v 
c>efully select$ = _! tea*+ value4 ,!y  
give a cle>ness to m5tal pictures :i* c 
be d]iv$ only ?r\gh obs]vation ( t :i* !
 illu/rations symbolize4 ,mu* exp]i5ce 9
 ! use ( geographical illu/rations has  
%[n t pupils ne$ to be direct$ 9 _!     
exam9ation ( !m4 ,to secure ! be/       
results !y mu/ be made ! c5t]s (        
?\ght-develop+ que/ions4  ,?anks are due
 ! ,pillsbury-,wa%burn ,fl\r ,mills     

,company ( ,m9neapolis1 ! ,swift ,pack+ 
,company ( ,*icago1 ! ,walt] ,bak]      
,company ( ,dor*e/]1 ! ,unit$ ,fruit    
,company ( ,new ,orleans1 & ,dr4 ,*>les 
,u4 ,%ep>d ( ,p9ehur/ ,plantation1 = !  
excell5t illu/rations furni%$ by !m4    
,,james ,,frankl9 ,,*amb]la94  ,,/ate   
,,normal ,,s*ool1   ,,los ,,angeles1    
,m>*1 #aijc4     ,,cont5ts              
,,page    ,,! ,,pa/ ,,& ,,! ,,pres5t    
#a    ,,! ,,/ory ,,( ,a ,,loaf ,,(      
,,bread                 #g    ,,h[ ,,our
 ,,meat ,,is ,,suppli$                  
#ah    ,,m>ket ,,g>d5+                  
#cb    ,,dairy ,,products               
#da    ,,butt] ,,mak+                   
#dd    ,,*eese                          
#ej    ,,! ,,fi%+ ,,indu/ry             
#ed    ,,oy/] ,,f>m+                    
#fd    ,a ,,rice ,,field                
#gj    ,,h[ ,,sug> ,,is ,,made          
#gg    ,,beet ,,sug>                    
#hd    ,,maple ,,sug>                   
#hg    ,,:]e ,,salt ,,comes ,,f         
#ia    ,,mac>oni ,,& ,,v]micelli        

#ii    ,,on ,a ,,c(fee ,,plantation     
#ajd    ,,! ,,tea ,,g>d5s ,,( ,,*9a     
#aac    ,a ,,cup ,,( ,,cocoa            
#abj    ,a ,,cranb]ry ,,bog             
#aca    ,,! ,,cocoanut ,,isl&s ,,( ,,!  
,,pacific        #aci    ,a ,,bun* ,,(  
,,bananas                         #adf  
,,h[ ,,dates ,,gr[                      
#aee    ,,! ,,orange ,,groves ,,(       
,,s\!rn ,,cali=nia   #afe    ,a ,,visit 
,,to ,a ,,v9ey>d                        
#agd    ,,nutt+                         
#ahd    ,a ,,walnut ,,vacation          
#ahg    ,,*e/nuts                       
#aic    ,a ,,bag ,,( ,,peanuts          
#aie    ,,assort$ ,,nuts                
#bja    ,a ,,/range ,,conv]sation       
#bjf     ,,h[ ,,we ,,are ,,f$     ,,!   
,,pa/ ,,& ,,! ,,pres5t   ,long1 long ago
 p did n live z we d to-day4 ,_! homes 7
 v diff]5t f ours1 = !y 7 made ( ! sk9s 
( wild animals1 ( ! limbs & b>k ( trees1
 or ( tall grasses4 ,!re 7 no /oves1    
*airs1 tables1 or b$s 9 _! h\ses4       
,in/ead ( lamps1 gas1 or electricity1 a 

fire on ! dirt floor or 9 front ( !     
h\se1 furni%$ ! light4  ,! clo?+ ( ^! p 
0 z simple z _! homes4 ,x 0 made ( sk9s 
& furs 9 cold c\ntries & 9 w>m c\ntries 
( braid$ grasses & ! fib]s ( c]ta9      
plants4 ,y may be sure t tailors &      
dressmak]s 7 n consult$ z to ! late/    
/yles1 = ! /yles did n *ange & !re 7    
nei!r tailors nor dressmak]s to talk to4
 ,ea* family made its own clo?+1 & !re 0
 n a sew+ ma*9e to be f\nd4  ,h[ w\ld y 
l to use a bone = a ne$le8 ,sometimes1  
in/ead ( %>p5$ bones1 long ?orns 7 us$4 
,! s9ews ( ! de]1 or ( "s o!r animal1   
usually furni%$ ! ?read4  ,:5 ! p 7 9   
ne$ ( food1 !y w5t into ! =e/ & ga!r$   
roots1 nuts1 & fruits4 ,wild animals 7  
kill$ by means ( su* weapons z b[s &    
arr[s & spe>s1 & fi% 7 caught 9 ! lakes 
& /reams4  ,! food 0 n cook$ z ours is2 
=1 z ,i h told y1 !re 7 no /oves4       
,sometimes ! meat 0 broil$ ov] ! fire1  
sometimes bak$ 9 a hole fill$ ) a%es &  
coals1 b x 0 (t5 eat5 raw4 ,x 0 n easy  
to h a v>iety ( food1 & !re 7 times :5 x

 0 v difficult to obta9 any?+4 ,:5 food 
0 abundant1 ! p fea/$1 & :5 x 0 sc>ce1  
!y 7 (t5 hungry4 ,h[ w\ld y l to wait = 
y\r breakfa/ :ile y\r fa!r w5t to !     
woods or to ! riv] 9 se>* ( some?+ to   
eat8  ,:5 ! meals 7 prep>$1 !y 7 n      
neatly s]v$ z y\rs are1 b ea* p]son took
 8 portion & sat on ! gr\nd :ile he ate 
x4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #a4--;,indians 
at ,d9n]4  ,all ( ?is seems v /range to 
y1 ,i "k4 ,if y live 9 ! city1 y are    
accu/om$ to see+ ! but*]1 ! bak]1 !     
milkman1 & ! groc] call e day4 ,!re are 
/ores :]e p c buy :atev] !y want to eat1
 dr9k1 or we>4 ,y wond] h[ any "o c\ld  
live 9 su* a way z ,i h describ$1 b !re 
are p :o live 9 ?is fa%ion to-day1      
al?\gh y h nev] se5 any ( !m4 ,!y are   
unciviliz$4 ,:]e d y ?9k !y are to be   
f\nd8 ,:5 p live 9 ?is way1 x takes mo/ 
( _! "t to provide !mselves ) ! ?+s t   
are necess>y to life4 ,!y h little      
opportunity to improve _! ways ( liv+ & 
( ?9k+4  ,civiliz$ p divide _! "w4 ,"s  
provide food1 "s make clo?+1 "s build   

h\ses1 & "s furni% fuel4 ,ea* "o does 8 
or h] "p4 ,9 ?is way1 y see1 !y le>n to 
d _! "w bett] & bett]1 because ea* gives
 mu* "t & ?\ght to "o k9d ( "w4 ,?is    
plan gives ea* "o "t to /udy & to le>n  
some?+ ab\t ! _w & its p4 ,?9k h[ mu*   
bett] our homes1 our clo?+1 & our food  
are1 ?an are ^? ( unciviliz$ p1 & h[ _m 
o!r advantages we h4  ,illu/ration3     
,,fig4 #b4--,:ite ,p at ,d9n]4  ,x is   
only possible to live z we d1 :5 ea* "o 
works = o!rs z well z = himself4 ,if any
 "o fails to d 8 "p1 ! re/ mu/ suff]    
until "s "o is f\nd to take 8 place4 ,x 
is to prep>e y\rself to d y\r "p 9 "s   
useful "w = o!rs1 t y are go+ to s*ool  
day by day4 ,y d n n[ "k j :at t "w is  
to be1 b ,i want y to rememb] t all     
hone/ "w is noble4 ,x is n s important  
:at "w y d1 z x is t y %\ld d y\r "w    
well4 ,no matt] :at y\r "w may be1 y c  
c>ry sun%9e 9 y\r face & helpfulness 9  
y\r he>t4 ,if y d ?is1 y w be kn[n &    
lov$4 ,h>d "w1 co>se clo!s1 & lack (    
money c nev] hide ^! ?+s1 nei!r w ! f9e/

 ( clo?+ cov] a selfi% or untru?ful     
nature4  ,let u look at ?is d9n] table  
load$ ) good ?+s to eat & dr9k4 ,!re are
 bread1 butt]1 meat1 vegetables1 milk1  
tea1 fruits1 & o!r ?+s4 ,y see at once t
 _m p]sons mu/ h work$ to provide ?is   
food1 = only a small "p ( ! "w 0 done 9 
! kit*54 ,if ^! ?+s c\ld b speak1 !y    
might tell y /ories z wond]ful z fairy  
tales4 ,!y h be5 ga!r$ "h f ! f]tile    
pla9s ( ! ,we/1 f ! sunny ,s\?1 f       
,brazil1 f ! isl&s ( ! ,pacific ,ocean1 
f f>-(f ,*9a1 & ev5 f ! wat]s ( ! sea4  
,,! ,,/ory ,,( ,a ,,loaf ,,( ,,bread    
,9 ! d>k gran>y ( a f>m]'s b>n 9 ,nor?  
,dakota once liv$ a mode/ family ( gra9s
 ( :eat4 ,! bright1 w>m days ( ! summ]  
"t1 dur+ :i* !y _h be5 plac$ 9 ?is d>k  
room1 soon grew %ort] & cool]4 ,!       
swall[s1 ^: mud ne/s 7 9 ! raft]s       
ov]head1 told ! :eat bro!rs t w9t] 0    
com+1 & !n flew away to ! balmy s\?l&4  
,soon bit+ w9ds & bl9d+ sn[ came sweep+ 
ov] ! level l&4 ,sometimes ! f>mh\se 0  
almo/ hidd5 "u ! drifts1 & ! f>m] _h to 

%ovel out a pa? to ! b>n1 s t he c\ld   
fe$ ! horses & cattle4 ,by & by ! days  
grew w>m]1 ! sn[ disappe>$1 & ! birds   
return$ "o by "o4 ,! f>m] & 8 m5 got out
 _! pl[s & h>r[s1 & prep>$ ! soil = !   
se$s soon to be plant$4  ,! :eat 0 n[   
%ovel$ into sacks & tak5 to ! fields4   
,"h x 0 plac$ 9 great ma*9es drawn by   
horses1 :i* scatt]$ x ev5ly ov] ! l& &  
at ! same "t cov]$ x ) s(t soil4 ,! m5  
:i/l$ & sang z !y work$1 & blackbirds1  
bluebirds1 & l>ks flew back & =?1 s++ & 
se>*+ = bugs & worms1 z well z = ! %9+  
k]nels ( :eat4  ,! :eat 0 n cont5t to   
rema9 und]gr\nd1 b kept try+ to pu%     
itself out into ! _w4 ,"o night !re came
 a w>m %[]1 & ! next morn+ :at look$ l  
t9y1 gre5 blades ( grass appe>$ all ov] 
! field4  ,all ?r\gh ! spr+ & summ] !   
:eat kept gr[+1 & f9ally !re appe>$ at !
 ends ( ! /alks clu/]s ( k]nels1 j l ^? 
:i* ! f>m] _h plant$4 ,"s ( ^! k]nels _h
 produc$ families ( tw5ty or ?irty4 ,^! 
clu/]s are call$ heads4  ,illu/ration3  
,,fig4 #c4--;,h>ve/+ ,:eat 9 ,s\!rn     

,cali=nia4  ,z ! s\? w9d pass$ ov] !    
field x br\ght ! :eat messages f        
,m9nesota1 ,i[a1 ,ill9ois1 ,indiana1 &  
o!r /ates1 tell+ ( relatives :o 7       
already turn+ gold5 9 ! summ] sun%9e4   
,"o day "s ( ! k]nels ?\ght !y he>d a   
voice f ,cali=nia4 ,d y ?9k !y did8  ,! 
gra9 9 "s ( ! fields 0 call$ w9t] :eat4 
,?is 0 because ! gra9 _h be5 s[n !      
autumn be=e1 & _h rema9$ 9 ! gr\nd all  
w9t]1 cov]$ by a blanket ( sn[4 ,:y 0 x 
s[n 9 ! fall8 ,! :eat ( :i* ,i am tell+ 
y 0 call$ by ! f>m] spr+ :eat4  ,soon   
ma*9es1 ea* drawn by sev]al horses1     
appe>$4 ,!y cut ! wav+ gra91 & b\nd x up
 9 bundles call$ %eaves4 ,^! 7 set up 9 
d\ble r[s to dry1 & aft]w>d put into    
ano!r ma*9e :i* sep>at$ ! k]nels f !    
/alks1 :i* 7 n[ call$ /raw4 ,?is "w !   
f>m] calls ?re%+4 ,see if y c f9d out h[
 ?is us$ to be done4  ,aft] ?re%+1 !    
:eat 0 put into sacks & tak5 to ! ne>e/ 
railroad /ation4 ,freight c>s !n c>ri$ x
 across ! level prairies to ! beautiful 
city ( ,m9neapolis1 built beside !      

,falls ( ,sa9t ,an?ony4 ,:at riv] is ?is
 city on8 ,( :at use are ! falls8  ,!re 
are tall build+s call$ elevators "h 9   
:i* ! :eat 0 /or$ = a "t4 ,be=e be+ put 
into ! elevators x 0 exam9$ & grad$4 ,z 
!re 0 :eat f _m f>ms x c\ld n be kept   
sep>ate1 s ea* f>m] 0 told h[ mu* he _h1
 & h[ x grad$4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4    
#d4--,?re%+ ,:eat 9 ,s\!rn ,cali=nia4   
,"s "t aft] ?is ! :eat 0 tak5 to "o ( ! 
great mills to be gr\nd into fl\r4 ,!   
l>ge/ ( ^! mills manufactures ab\t      
fifte5 ?\s& b>rels ( fl\r e day4 ,?is is
 ! l>ge/ fl\r mill 9 ! _w4  ,:5 ! k]nels
 rea*$ ! mill1 !y 7 put into ma*9es     
call$ sep>ators1 to be sep>at$ f all    
companions su* z grass se$1 mu/>d se$1 &
 wild buck:eat4 ,!y 7 !n plac$ 9 an iron
 box 9 :i* bru%es 7 revolv+ rapidly1 & 7
 sc\r$ to free !m f fuzz & dirt4 ,^? t 7
 v dirty 7 wa%$4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4  
#e4--,! ,fl\r ,mills 9 ,m9neapolis4     
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #f4--,! ,l>ge/     
,fl\r ,mill 9 ! ,_w4  ,! k]nels 7 /eam$1
 9 ord] t ! coat+1 call$ bran1 might n  

break into small pieces4 ,?is is call$  
temp]+4 ,! k]nels n[ ?\ght t _! trials 7
 ov]1 b !y 7 mi/ak54 ,soon !y f\nd      
!mselves be+ cru%$ betwe5 roll]s4 ,aft] 
!y came out !y 7 sift$1 & !n run betwe5 
o!r roll]s4 ,?is 0 repeat$ six times1 & 
ea* "t ! fl\r 0 a little f9]1 = ! roll]s
 7 clos] toge!r4 ,! fl\r 0 !n run ?r\gh 
tubes ( flannel4 ,^! took out :atev] du/
 x conta9$4 ,x 0 !n gr\nd /ill f9]4 ,!  
fl\r 0 !n put into sacks or b>rels1 :i* 
7 m>k$ = %ipm5t to o!r p>ts ( ! c\ntry4 
,only ! :eat int5d$ = ! v be/ grade (   
fl\r is treat$ z c>efully z ?is 04  ,:at
 indu/ry does ! use ( b>rels br+ 98     
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #g4--;,gr9d+ ,:eat4
  ,f ! mills ! fl\r 0 s5t to _m p>ts ( !
 l& to supply /ores1 bak]ies1 hotels1 & 
homes4 ,"s ( x f\nd its way to ! bak]y  
ne> y\r home4 ,! bak]s1 9 _! clean suits
 ( :ite1 weigh$ ! fl\r :i* !y 7 go+ to  
use1 & !n add$ a c]ta9 am\nt ( wat] to  
x4 ,"s yea/ & salt 7 add$ also4 ,?is    
mixture !y call$ d\gh4 ,y h se5 y\r "m  
mix or knead d\gh1 ,i am sure4 ,! bak]s 

did n d ! knead+ ) _! h&s1 b by means ( 
ma*9]y made = ?is purpose4              
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #h4--;,bolt+ ,fl\r4
  ,:5 ! d\gh _h be5 ?or\ghly knead$ x 0 
left to rise4 ,x is ! yea/ t causes !   
ris+4 ,?is makes ! bread light & spongy4
 ,x 0 !n cut into loaves & plac$ 9 !    
ov54 ,! ov5s 9 ! bak]y are v mu* l>g]   
?an ^? 9 y\r kit*5 /ove1 = _m loaves are
 bak$ at once4 ,:5 a nice %ade ( br[n   
appe>$ on ! loaves1 ! bak]s took !m out 
( ! ov5 by means ( long %ovels4 ,soon ! 
deliv]y wagons came & 7 load$ ) ! fre%  
bread to be deliv]$ to /ores & homes4   
,?is loaf 0 j left at ! door & is /ill  
w>m4  ,s1 y see1 a loaf ( bread has q a 
hi/ory4 ,i h told y ! life /ory ( ?is "o
 f ! "t ( its gr&p>5ts1 :o 7 rais$ on ! 
pla9s ( ,nor? ,dakota4 ,w\ld x n be     
int]e/+ to see ea* ( ! p :o h _h some?+ 
to d ) its production1 & to make !      
j\rney :i* ! :eat & ! fl\r made8 ,y c d 
bo? 9 y\r ?\ghts4     ,,h[ ,,our ,,meat 
,,is ,,suppli$   ,ramon liv$ 9 a pla91  
"o-/ory h\se1 built 9 ! %ade ( "s       

cottonwood trees t fr+$ ea* side ( a    
small riv] 9 ! ea/]n "p ( ,colorado4 ,a 
wide v]&a ext5d$ entirely ar\nd ! h\se1 
b !re 7 v few fl[]s & no lawn4 ,i am    
afraid y w\ld n ?9k x a v pleasant place
 = a home4  ,n f> f ! ran* h\se1 z x 0  
call$1 7 ! b>n & ! corrals4 ,a corral is
 a y>d ) a /rong1 high f5ce ab\t x1 9   
:i* cattle or horses may be plac$4 ,on !
 bottom l& beside ! /ream1 !re 0 a corn 
& an alfalfa pat*1 besides "o conta9+ "s
 potatoes & g>d5 vegetables4  ,dur+ mo/ 
( ! ye> ! /ream 0 q %all[1 & fl[$       
quietly ov] its b$1 b :5 heavy ra9s     
occurr$ x rose rapidly1 spread+ ov] mu* 
( ! bottom l& & c>ry+ s mu* clay ) x t x
 0 almo/ ! color ( c(fee4  ,except along
 ! riv]1 n a tree 0 9 sight f ,ramon's  
home1 & x 0 _m miles to ! ne>e/ h\se4 ,=
 hundr$s ( miles bo? nor? & s\?1 !re    
/ret*$ a va/ pla94 ,little 0 to be se5 b
 s&1 grass1 & sagebru%4 ,i _h almo/     
=gott5 ! prairie dogs1 :i* scamp] across
 ! pla9 or sit up /raight & motionless  
on a little m\nd ( s& beside _! burr[s4 

,!y wat* y closely1 n mov+ unless !y    
reg>d y z a dang]\s creature1 :51 quick 
z a fla%1 !y disappe>4  ,! ra9fall is v 
slight 9 ?is "p ( ! c\ntry1 be+ less ?an
 tw5ty in*es a ye>4 ,on ?is acc\nt !re  
is little att5tion paid to f>m+1 b      
in/ead1 ! settl]s own great h]ds (      
cattle z well z _m horses4 ,ramon's fa!r
 is "o ( ! cattlem5 ( ,colorado4 ,he    
owns m ?an t5 ?\s& head ( cattle1 & "s (
 ! cattlem5 own twice t numb]4 ,( c\rse 
su* great h]ds ( cattle mu/ h mu* l& to 
graze on4 ,"s ( ! l& is own$ by !       
gov]nm5t & any "o may use x4 ,ev]y:]e   
f5ces are f> ap>t4 ,^! great pa/ures are
 call$ ranges4  ,ramon's life is n mu* l
 y\rs4 ,8 home is f> f s*ools1 *ur*es1  
/ores1 or railroads4 ,he seldom sees    
/rang]s1 b he enjoys long rides on 8 own
 pony1 ,pr9ce4 ,sometimes he goes ) 8   
fa!r & at o!r times he takes a gallop ) 
"o ( ! c[boys :o h]d ! cattle4  ,!      
c[boys almo/ live 9 ! saddle4 ,!y are   
out 9 all k9ds ( wea!r & are n boys at  
all1 b /rong1 h>dy m54 ,!y we>          

broad-brimm$ hats1 & c>ry long ropes    
call$ lassos or l>iats1 ) :i* !y cat* ! 
cattle4  ,:]e !re are s _m h]ds !y      
sometimes get mix$ up4 ,on ?is acc\nt   
ea* cattleman m>ks or br&s 8 animals4   
,^! br&s may be ! initial lett] ( !     
own]'s "n1 or !y may be 9 ! =m ( a      
horse%oe1 a cross1 a circle1 or a       
cresc5t4  ,ea* spr+ & fall ! c[boys ga!r
 ! cattle toge!r4 ,?is is call$ r\nd+ up
 ! cattle4 ,!y are !n c\nt$ & ! calves  
born s9ce ! la/ r\nd up are br&$4 ,9 !  
fall1 9 addition to ?is "w1 animals are 
select$ = ! m>ket4 ,:y is ! fall a bett]
 "t = ?is ?an ! spr+8  ,illu/ration3    
,,fig4 #i4--;,br&+ ,cattle4--,po9t to ! 
,l>iats4  ,! c[boys1 m\nt$ ^u _! swift1 
/rong ponies1 s+le out ! animals t h    
nev] be5 br&$1 & sw++ _! lassos ov] _!  
heads1 !y ?r[ !m ) su* skill t ! loop   
settles ov] ! head or ab\t ! leg ( ! "o 
want$4 ,z soon z ! rope tight5s1 ! pony 
braces its =efeet firmly & ! animal is  
f9ally ?r[n to ! gr\nd4 ,x is !n br&$ ) 
a hot iron & all[$ to g4 ,ramon us$ to  

feel v sorry = !m until 8 fa!r expla9$ t
 x hurt !m v little1 = only ! sk9 0     
burn$4  ,sometimes ! cattle select$ to  
be sold1 are n q fat en\gh = ! m>ket4   
,!y are !n tak5 f>!r ea/ into ! corn    
belt & f$ = a "t4  ,:5 !y are %ipp$     
directly f ! range to ! m>ket1 !y are   
driv5 to ! ne>e/ railroad & put into    
y>ds beside ! track4 ,!y are !n made to 
walk up an incl9e ) high rail+s end+ at 
! op5 doors ( a cattle c>4 ,! animals   
are arrang$ s t ! fir/ faces "o side ( !
 c>1 ! second ! o!r1 & s on4 ,?is is    
done s t ! cattle _c hook "o ano!r1 &   
also t !y may be f$ & wat]$ on ! way f a
 long iron tr\gh :i* is fa/5$ to ea*    
side ( ! c>4  ,! great cattle m>kets ( !
 ,unit$ ,/ates are ,omaha1 ,kansas      
,city1 & ,*icago4 ,f9d ^! cities4  ,"o  
day :5 ,ramon 0 ab\t f\rte5 ye>s old1 8 
fa!r told him t he 0 go+ to take a tra9 
load ( cattle to ,*icago & t he might g 
) him4 ,x 0 a happy "t = ,ramon1 y may  
be sure1 = he 0 v anxi\s to see "s ( !  
wond]ful sights 8 fa!r _h told him ab\t4

  ,at la/ ! day :5 !y 7 to />t on _!    
j\rney arriv$4 ,! aft]noon be=e1 !      
c[boys _h driv5 ! cattle to ! railroad s
 z to load !m e>ly 9 ! morn+4 ,soon aft]
 breakfa/ ,ramon kiss$ 8 "m & 8 little  
si/] good-by1 & he & 8 fa!r rode (f     
across ! level pla94  ,f9d+ ! cattle    
already load$ 9 ! c>s1 ,ramon & 8 fa!r 7
 soon seat$ 9 ! caboose1 roll+ ov] !    
miles ( railroad :i* connect$ !m )      
,*icago4 ,:5ev] ! tra9 /opp$ = a few    
m9utes1 !y took a long /ick & w5t f c>  
to c> mak+ ! cattle t _h la9 d[n get up1
 s t !y might n be injur$ by ! o!rs4    
,:5 b$time came1 !y made _! b$s on !    
b5*es along ea* side ( ! caboose1 :i*   
are cov]$ ) cu%ions4 ,z !y _h br\ght    
blankets ) !m1 !y 7 fairly com=table4   
,ramon did n sleep v s\ndly ! fir/      
night4 ,! eng9e %riek$ f "t to "t1 & !  
c> rock$ & jolt$ s t he 0 afraid ( fall+
 f 8 b$4  ,! next day !y rea*$ a "p ( ! 
c\ntry :]e great cornfields wav$ 9 !    
breeze4 ,! leaves _h already turn$ br[n1
 & gold5 e>s ( gra9 peep$ out f ! ends (

 ! husks4 ,!re 7 /ubble fields1 too1 :]e
 :eat & oats _h be5 h>ve/$4             
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aj4--;,bird's ,eye
 ,view ( ,union ,/ock ,y>ds1 ,*icago4   
,! c\ntry became m ?ickly settl$ z !y   
w5t on1 & ! t[ns 7 ne>] toge!r4 ,/reams 
7 m common1 & grass & timb] m abundant4 
,! "y travel] wond]$ :y ?is 0 s4 ,c y   
tell8  ,e>ly 9 ! morn+ ( ! f\r? day !   
tra9 rea*$ ,*icago4 ,aft] mu* swit*+ &  
back+ ! c>s 7 run into ! ,union ,/ock   
,y>ds1 & ! cattle 7 unload$4  ,ramon 0  
?or\ghly bewild]$ by :at he saw & he>d4 
,m5 7 %\t+ & crack+ :ips2 o!rs 7 rid+ up
 & d[n ! alleys t sep>ate ! y>ds2 dogs 7
 b>k+ & turn+ ! animals ?is way & t1 &  
gates 7 sw++ back & =?4  ,! cattle 7    
weigh$ & exam9$ to see if !y _h any     
disease1 & 7 !n plac$ 9 *>ge ( a        
commission m]*ant to be sold4 ,buy]s    
come to ! y>ds & b>ga9 ) ^! commission  
m]*ants4 ,:5 an unusually l>ge numb] (  
cattle come 91 ! prices are likely to   
fall2 :5 few arrive1 ! prices rise4  ,:5
 ! cattle _h be5 y>d$1 ,ramon's fa!r    

said t !y w\ld g & h breakfa/4 ,9 !     
aft]noon !y visit$ ! y>ds1 & ! slaught] 
& pack+ h\ses4 ,! y>ds cov] ab\t a squ>e
 mile ( t]ritory4 ,!y are divid$ into   
c\ntless p5s or small y>ds1 conta9+ %$s1
 fe$+ racks1 & wat]+ tr\ghs4  ,ramon    
ask$ h[ _m cattle 7 unload$ 9 ^! y>ds   
daily4 ,8 fa!r h&$ him a copy ( !       
,*icago ,live ,/ock ,_w1 & at ! top ( ! 
fir/ column he read t on ! day previ\s  
!re _h be5 receiv$ #ah1ejj cattle1      
#ce1jjj hogs1 & #ah1jjj %eep4 ,he 0 told
 t sometimes ! receipts are mu* l>g] ?an
 ?is & sometimes n s l>ge4              
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aa4--;,dress+     
,beef4  ,!y foll[$ ! bodies ( ! cattle f
 ! slaught]h\ses :]e !y are dress$1 into
 ! cool+ rooms4 ,^! are simply great    
refrig]ators4 ,wagons come to ! cool+   
rooms & haul loads ( ! meat to but*]    
%ops1 hotels1 & depots4 ,)9 a few h\rs x
 f9ds its way to small] cities & t[ns 9 
all directions4 ,a great deal ( meat is 
%ipp$ ev5 to ,europe4 ,:y does n ,europe
 produce its own meat8  ,illu/ration3   

,,fig4 #ab4--;,cool+ ,beef4  ,:5 ! meat 
has ?or\ghly h>d5$ 9 ! cool+ rooms1 x is
 s5t to ! cur+ rooms1 :]e x is cut up & 
pack$4 ,ea* p]son "h does 8 p>ticul> "w 
f morn+ until night4  ,ramon le>n$1 to 8
 surprise1 t e "p ( ! animal is us$4    
,hair1 hide1 horns1 ho(s1 tee?1 bones1 &
 ev5 blood1 are made use (4             
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ac4--,splitt+     
,backbone ( ,hogs4  ,mo/ ( ! hogs :i*   
ent] ! great meat-pack+ cities are rais$
 9 ! corn belt4  ,! %eep ne$ mu*        
pa/urage1 & s ! l>ge/ flocks are f\nd 9 
! ,we/]n & ,s\?we/]n /ates4 ,a s+le h]d]
 may take c>e ( sev]al ?\s& %eep4 ,8    
fai?ful companions & help]s are         
intellig5t %eph]d dogs4 ,aft] a great   
flock ( %eep has f$ on an area1 h>dly a 
gre5 ?+ is left4 ,! p 9 ! "p ( ! ,we/   
:]e !re is little ra9fall1 object to !  
pa/ur+ ( %eep ar\nd ! head wat]s (      
/reams1 because :5 ! vegetation is      
remov$ ! wat] runs (f too quickly4      
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ad4--;,cur+ ,pork 
9 ,salt4  ,9 ! ev5+ our fri5ds wat*$ !  

m51 wom51 & *ildr5 m>* out ( ! y>ds4 ,!y
 7 told t n less ?an ?irty-five ?\s&    
p]sons 7 employ$ 9 ! v>i\s e/abli%m5ts4 
,!re is b "o city 9 ,colorado :i*       
conta9s s _m p4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4   
#ae4--;,*opp+ ,sausage ,meat4  ,z !y sat
 at breakfa/ next morn+1 ,ramon wond]$  
h[ _m ( ! p ( ,*icago 7 eat+ /eaks f    
cattle :i* he _h se5 on 8 fa!r's ran*4  
,! ?\ght 0 a new "o to him4 ,8 trip _h  
%[n him t ! cattlem5 :o liv$ & work$ on 
^? f>-away pla9s 7 do+ _! "p 9 supply+ p
 all ov] our c\ntry ) meat4 ,_! lonely  
life1 ) all ( its disadvantages1 n[ _h a
 new mean+ = him1 & he w5t back to 8    
,we/]n home cont5t ) x1 yet v glad to h 
_h ?is glimpse ( ano!r side ( life4     
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #af4--,pack+       
,p\ltry4     ,,m>ket ,,g>d5+   ,?9k ( ! 
imm5se quantities ( fruits & vegetables 
t are us$ daily on ! tables ( a great   
city su* z ,new ,york or ,*icago4 ,z we 
travel up & d[n ! /reets ( any great    
city1 we see r[s ( build+s1 sometimes   
built 9 solid blocks & sometimes a      

little di/ance ap>t4 ,"s h trees & small
 lawns 9 front ( !m2 o!rs are )\t ev5   
?is t\* ( nature4 ,n[h]e1 except 9 !    
outskirts1 d we f9d g>d5s4  ,^! p dep5d 
^u o!rs to furni% !m ) _! vegetable     
food4  ,n[ let u make "s excursions into
 ! region surr\nd+ "o ( ^! cities4 ,=   
miles & miles we see on e h& truck f>ms 
or m>ket g>d5s4 ,! ma9 bus9ess ( ^? :o  
live 9 ^! di/ricts is to furni% food = !
 p ( ! city1 s t ! latt] may devote _!  
"t to _! v>i\s occupations4  ,we see    
gr[+ potatoes1 cabbages1 tomatoes1      
beans1 peas1 squa%es1 turnips1 onions1  
sweet corn1 cel]y1 melons1 & _m o!r ?+s4
 ,usually all ( ^! w be f\nd 9 "o g>d51 
b sometimes ! f>m] raises only a few    
k9ds1 or p]haps b "o4  ,m>ket g>d5+ is v
 common 9 ,g]many1 ,holl&1 ,italy1 ,*9a1
 & 9 o!r d5sely populat$ c\ntries4      
,!re=e we (t5 f9d p :o h come f ^!      
c\ntries to ,am]ica engag$ 9 ?is        
bus9ess4 ,*9ese g>d5]s are seldom se5 9 
! ,ea/1 b on ! ,pacific coa/ !y raise   
mo/ ( ! vegetables us$ 9 ! cities &     

t[ns4  ,9 ! e>ly spr+1 be=e ! gr\nd is  
w>m en\gh to make se$s gr[1 ! g>d5] />ts
 8 plants 9 hotb$s4 ,^! are long wood5  
boxes1 or frames1 )\t bottoms1 cov]$ )  
glass4 ,!y are usually plac$ on ! s\?   
side ( "s build+ or high f5ce4 ,! glass 
cov]s all[ ! w>m sun%9e to ent] ! b$s   
freely1 b !y prev5t ! rapid escape ( !  
heat4 ,y see n[ :y !y are call$ hotb$s4 
,!y are l small gre5h\ses4  ,a little   
lat] 9 ! spr+ ! fields are ?or\ghly     
cultivat$ & ! plants transplant$4 ,(    
c\rse only ! vegetables desir$ = ! e>ly 
m>ket are />t$ 9 ?is way4 ,:at advantage
 is !re 9 hav+ ! vegetables ready = !   
m>ket v e>ly 9 ! season8  ,vegetable    
f>m+ is n easy "w1 al?\gh x is a        
pleasure to see ?+s gr[ day by day z y  
c>e = !m1 & z nature supplies h] sun%9e 
& h] ra94 ,! fields mu/ be cultivat$    
almo/ con/antly1 to keep ! soil loose1 z
 well z to remove ! we$s4 ,mu* ( ! we$+ 
has to be done by h&1 :i* is t$i\s "w4  
,we want our vegetables fre% e morn+2 & 
z ! truck f>ms are at "s di/ance f !    

city1 ! f>m] mu/ load up 8 wagon ! night
 be=e4 ,( c\rse mu* produce is s5t to ! 
cities on tra9s1 b :]e f>m]s live ne>   
en\gh to deliv] x !mselves1 _! crops are
 m pr(itable to !m4 ,:y8  ,illu/ration3 
,,fig4 #ag4--;,a ,m>ket ,sc5e4  ,ev]y?+ 
is put 9 read9ess be=e d>k2 & :ile o!rs 
are /ill 9 b$1 ! f>m] m\nts 8 wagon to  
/>t t[>d ! sleep+ city4 ,i h (t5 ridd5  
t5 or fifte5 miles on su* a load be=e ! 
/>s fad$ away4  ,x is a novel exp]i5ce4 
,at fir/ ! night seems /rangely /ill1 b 
soon y are able to di/+ui% _m voices    
com+ f v>i\s places4 ,! frogs croak f ! 
ponds by ! roadside2 crickets & locu/s  
s5d _! %rill notes f grass & tree2 a    
night owl />tles y by 8 dismal hoot2 !  
lamps ( ! fireflies gleam1 !n disappe>  
only to %9e out aga9 a little f>!r on4  
,at la/ a fa9t gl[ appe>s 9 ! ea/]n sky1
 :i* gr[s bright] & bright] until ! %9+ 
face ( ! sun is pu%$ above ! horizon4 ,d
 y n ?9k su* a ride w\ld be m enjoyable 
?an a /reet c> ride8  ,9 ! cities !re   
are m>ket places :]e produce f ! c\ntry 

is tak54 ,9 ,*icago !re is a v busy     
/reet :]e mu* ( ! buy+ & sell+ is done4 
,/udy ! picture c>efully4 ,"h ! buy]s f 
hotels1 re/aurants1 & /ores1 z well z ! 
m5 :o wi% to p$dle ! produce f h\se to  
h\se1 g = _! daily supplies4 ,!re are   
also commission m]*ants ^: /ores are on 
?is /reet4 ,!y sell ! produce = ^? :o   
%ip x to ! city by tra94  ,we g to !    
/ores & get :at we want ea* day1 or !   
p$dl]s br+ x to ! door4 ,y see h[       
necess>y x is to h special work]s to    
supply u ) ! diff]5t k9ds ( food4 ,we   
consid] x v important t we %\ld h       
vegetables & fruits fre% daily4 ,! "w ( 
supply+ u ) ?is food is v important4    
,rememb] t ^? :o till ! soil are entitl$
 to z great respect z are ^? :o d n "w )
 _! h&s4 ,contact ) nature makes m5 &   
wom5 bett]1 & _m ( ! noble/ s\ls t ! _w 
has kn[n h liv$ 9 ! c\ntry & pl[$1      
plant$1 & h>ve/$ ! products ( ! soil4   
,illu/ration3 ,m>ket ,sc5e4 ,*icago4    
,illu/ration3 ,m>ket ,sc5e4 ,new ,york4 
,,dairy ,,products   ,uncle ,b5 lives on

 a dairy f>m 9 ! we/]n "p ( ,new ,york  
,/ate4 ,x is a beautiful roll+ c\ntry ) 
cultivat$ fields1 woodl&1 & pa/ures1 &  
"h & !re a sp>kl+ /ream w9d+ its way    
?r\gh ! l[l&s4 ,! f>mh\ses are l>ge &   
well built1 & are surr\nd$ by gr& old   
maple1 bee*1 & elm trees4 ,mo/ ( ! b>ns 
are pa9t$ r$ ) :ite trimm+s4  ,!re are  
_m dairy f>ms 9 ! neighborhood4 ,"s ( ! 
f>m]s s5d _! milk to ! t[ns to be us$   
directly1 "s sell x to cream]ies1 & "s  
to *eese factories4  ,la/ summ] ,i sp5t 
my vacation on ,uncle ,b5's f>m1 & ,c\s9
 ,frank & ,i _h happy times1 y may be   
sure4  ,e day1 j be=e sund[n1 we w5t to 
! pa/ure = ! c[s4 ,!re 7 ab\t tw5ty-five
 ( !m1 & !y always seem$ p]fectly       
cont5t$ aft] ! long day ( fea/+ on ri*  
grass & clov]4  ,aft] we drove !m into !
 b>ny>d ,uncle ,b5 help$ u fa/5 !m 9 _! 
/an*ions 9 ! b>n4 ,!n ! m5 br\ght !     
bright pails & cans to beg9 milk+4 ,c\s9
 ,frank & ,i always help$1 al?\gh he c  
milk mu* fa/] ?an ,i4 ,"s ( ! c[s gave b
 two or ?ree qu>ts1 :ile o!rs gave z _m 

gallons4  ,we /ra9$ ! milk into cans    
hold+ eight gallons ea*1 & put !m into  
tanks ( wat] to cool4 ,aft] milk+ 0     
f9i%$ we turn$ ! cattle into ! b>ny>d = 
! night4  ,9 ! morn+ we comm5c$ milk+   
ab\t sunrise4 ,aft] breakfa/ ! cans 7   
load$ into a spr+ wagon & ,uncle ,b5    
drove to ! depot4 ,"h !y 7 put on ! milk
 tra91 :i* took !m to ! city4  ,_m o!r p
 s5t milk on ?is same tra94 ,x 0 s5t to 
bak]ies1 to hotels & re/aurants1 & to   
milkm51 :o deliv]$ x f h\se to h\se4    
,usually ! milkm5 put ! milk into p9t or
 qu>t bottles = p :o l to h x 9 t =m4   
,uncle ,b5 told u t mu* ( ! milk t is   
s5t to ,new ,york ,city is bottl$ be=e x
 is s5t4 ,! bottl+ is done by ma*9]y4   
,he also told u t1 because ( ! great    
importance ( hav+ pure milk1 !re are1 9 
all cities1 inspectors :o c>efully      
exam9e ! milk & report to ! ,bo>d (     
,heal?4 ,! c[s also are inspect$1 & if  
any are sick1 !y are usually kill$4     
,ea* ev5+ "s "o drove to ! depot aga9 to
 get empty cans :i* ! milk tra9 _h      

br\ght home4 ,^! 7 always c>efully wa%$ 
9 hot wat] be=e be+ us$ aga94           
,,butt] ,,mak+   ,"o day1 aft] ,i _h be5
 on ! f>m ab\t a week1 ,uncle ,b5 took  
,frank & me to ! cream]y4 ,a cream]y is 
a place :]e ! milk & cream are sep>at$ &
 butt] is made4  ,we f\nd sev]al        
wagonloads ( milk be+ unload$4 ,! milk 0
 weigh$ z x 0 receiv$1 = x is sold by   
weight4  ,! milk 0 !n /ra9$ into a l>ge 
galvaniz$ iron tub1 f :i* a pipe c>ri$ x
 into a circul> ma*9e call$ ! sep>ator4 
,! sep>ator revolves rapidly1 ?r[+ !    
milk1 :i* is heavi] ?an ! cream1 to !   
out] edge1 :]e x passes ?r\gh small     
holes into a comp>tm5t by itself4 ,!    
cream rises along ! c5t] & passes ?r\gh 
ano!r set ( op5+s into a special        
comp>tm5t4 ,a pipe c>ries x to a l>ge   
vat1 :ile ano!r pipe conveys ! milk to  
l>ge tanks4  ,uncle ,b5 told me t :5 p  
make _! own butt]1 !y mu/ wait = ! cream
 to rise on ! milk4 ,! cream is !n      
skimm$ (f1 & ! milk is call$ skimm$     
milk4 ,al?\gh ! milk 9 ! cream]y is n   

skimm$1 ! same "n is us$ = x4  ,i ask$  
if ! skimm$ milk 0 us$ = any?+4 ,uncle  
,b5 gave me a cupful ( x to ta/e4 ,x 0 v
 good4 ,he !n told me t ! sep>ator takes
 out only ! "p ne$$ 9 mak+ butt]1 leav+ 
all ( ! sug>4 ,i did n "k be=e t milk   
conta9s sug>4  ,! f>m]s take home loads 
( ?is milk to fe$ x to _! hogs4 ,= ea*  
hundr$ p\nds ( milk deliv]$1 !y get back
 sev5ty-five p\nds ( skimm$ milk1       
besides ! pay = _! cream4  ,! cream]y   
man told me t he made f f\r to six p\nds
 ( butt] f "o hundr$ p\nds ( milk4  ,!  
cream rema9s 9 ! l>ge vat ab\t tw5ty-f\r
 h\rs be=e x is *urn$4 ,! *urn1 z y see 
by ! picture1 is a great b>rel made to  
revolve by ma*9]y4 ,x takes f ?irty-five
 m9utes to "o h\r to *urn4 ,! man told  
me t ,i might look at ! book 9 :i* he   
kept ! record ( ! *urn+4 ,i saw t he    
made f two hundr$ fifty to six hundr$   
p\nds ( butt] at a *urn+4 ,he said t "s 
*urns w\ld produce m ?an "o ?\s& p\nds  
at a *urn+4  ,n all ( ! cream is made   
into butt]4 ,!re is left 9 ! bottom ( ! 

*urn a liquid call$ butt]milk4 ,?is is  
drawn (f1 & ! butt] is wa%$ & work$ be=e
 be+ tak5 out ( ! *urn4 ,! work+ is done
 by means ( paddles 9 ! *urn4 ,x        
cont9ues = six or eight m9utes &        
squeezes ! liquid out ( ! butt]4  ,:ile 
! butt] is be+ work$1 x is salt$4 ,"s ( 
! butt] is unsalt$1 b mo/ ( x is salt$4 
,:5 butt] is made 9 ! home1 x mu/ be    
*urn$ by h&4 ,only a few p\nds at a "t c
 be made 9 ?is way4  ,:5 ! butt] 0 tak5 
out ( ! *urn1 ! m5 pack$ x solidly 9    
wood5 boxes ab\t two feet squ>e & f\r   
in*es deep4 ,! bottom ( ea* box consi/$ 
( /rips z wide z a squ>e ( butt]4 ,^! 7 
held toge!r by a clamp1 & ! sides 7     
hook$ to ! bottom & to "o ano!r4 ,:5 !  
butt] is to be cut into squ>es1 ^! sides
 are remov$ & z9c ones take _! places4  
,9 ^! !re are slits runn+ f top to      
bottom4 ,?r\gh ^! slits a wire saw is   
run1 & s ! butt] is quickly cut into "o 
or two p\nd squ>es4 ,! butt] is !n      
wrapp$ 9 fancy pap]s ^u :i* ! "n ( !    
butt] or ( ! cream]y is /amp$4          

,illu/ration3 ,a ,sep>ator4             
,illu/ration3 ,a ,*urn4  ,( c\rse "s ( !
 butt] is pack$ 9 wood5 tubs & %ipp$ 9 t
 =m4 ,?is butt] is a little *eap] ?an t 
put up 9 squ>es4     ,,*eese   ,i 0 s   
mu* pleas$ ) my visit to ! cream]y1 t   
,uncle ,b5 promis$ to %[ me h[ *eese is 
made4 ,s "o morn+ j aft] breakfa/ he1   
,c\s9 ,frank1 & ,i />t$ out4 ,aft] a    
pleasant ride ( ab\t five miles we rea*$
 ! factory4  ,! fir/ process "h 0 ! same
 z t at ! cream]y4 ,aft] ! milk 0 weigh$
 x 0 run into great z9c-l9$ vats4 ,!re 7
 f\r ( ^! 9 ! factory1 ea* ( :i* held   
ab\t five ?\s& p\nds4  ,uncle ,b5       
expla9$ t ! milk mu/ curdle be=e *eese c
 be made4 ,9 ord] to make x curdle      
quickly1 a little less ?an a p\nd ( a   
sub/ance call$ r5net 0 put into ea* vat4
  ,a man work$ at ea* vat ) a long wood5
 rake1 /irr+ ! milk con/antly4 ,i saw a 
glass tube /&+ 9 ! milk & ask$ :at x 04 
,uncle ,b5 told me to look at x closely4
 ,i saw t x 0 a !rmomet]1 & t x regi/]$ 
eighty degrees4 ,a little :ile aft] ,i  

look$ aga91 :5 x %[$ a temp]ature (     
n9ety degrees4 ,! milk is kept w>m1 s z 
to help x to curdle quickly4  ,9 ab\t an
 h\r ,i c\ld see ! curd v pla9ly1 b ! m5
 kept on /irr+ & cutt+ x4 ,pres5tly "o (
 !m c>ri$ a piece ( ! curd to a table4  
,he heat$ a small iron rod & t\*$ x ) ! 
curd4 ,:5 he pull$ ! curd away1 little  
?reads 7 drawn out to ! l5g? ( half an  
in* or m4 ,?is he call$ ! acid te/1 :i* 
%[$ t ! curd 0 9 ! "r condition to be   
made into *eese4  ,( c\rse only a "p ( !
 milk _h turn$ into curd2 ! re/ 0 :ey1 t
 0 drawn (f & run into tanks4 ,ea* man  
:o _h deliv]$ "o hundr$ p\nds ( milk 0  
giv5 a *eck = sev5ty-five p\nds ( ! :ey4
 ,x is f$ to hogs4 ,ab\t two h\rs f ! "t
 t ! milk 0 put into ! vats1 ! :ey 0    
drawn (f4  ,"o ( ! m5 n[ took a long    
knife & cut ! curd into oblong cakes4   
,^! he frequ5tly lift$ & turn$ ov]4     
,aft] cont9u+ ?is = ab\t tw5ty m9utes1 !
 pieces ( curd 7 put into a small mill1 
plac$ on a bo>d ov] ! vat1 & ! curd 0   
*opp$ into /rips f "o to six in*es long 

& f "o-half an in* to an in* ?ick4 ,salt
 0 scatt]$ ov] ! mass by "o man1 :ile   
ano!r pit*$ x ab\t ) a ?ree-prong$ wood5
 =k4 ,! man told me t he us$ ?ree p\nds 
( salt to ea* ?\s& p\nds ( milk4  ,next1
 a piece ( clo? 0 plac$ on a bo>d ab\t  
sixte5 in*es squ>e4 ,two circul> metal  
frames or b&s1 ab\t six in*es high1 7   
fitt$ "o )9 ! o!r & plac$ on ! clo?4 ,! 
frame 0 fill$ ) curd1 cov]$ by a clo?1 &
 ano!r set plac$ on top ( x until !re 7 
five4 ,!y 7 !n put on a table directly  
"u a block :i* 0 fa/5$ to a screw4 ,by  
turn+ ! screw ! block 0 press$ aga9/ !  
top bo>d1 & s ea* frame ( curd 0 press$4
 ,i saw ! :ey runn+ out z ! squeez+ w5t 
on4 ,! sup]9t5d5t told u t ! curd w\ld  
be left 9 ! press until ! next day4  ,we
 7 !n tak5 into ! room :]e ! *eese      
rip5s4 ,"h we saw l>ge racks rea*+ ne>ly
 to ! ceil+1 fill$ ) d\ble r[s ( *eeses4
 ,! smalle/ ones weigh$ b ?ree p\nds1   
:ile ! l>ge/ weigh$ fifty p\nds4 ,x may 
take b a few days & x may take _m mon?s 
to rip5 a *eese4 ,x dep5ds ^u ! flavor  

want$4 ,! man said t 9 ,engl& /rong     
*eese is g5]ally lik$1 :ile 9 our c\ntry
 mild *eese is pref]r$4  ,i ask$ h[ mu* 
*eese five ?\s& p\nds ( milk w\ld make1 
& 0 told t x w\ld make betwe5 f\r & five
 hundr$ p\nds4  ,on ! way home ,uncle   
,b5 told u t al?\gh our c\ntry is a     
great dairy c\ntry1 we import c]ta9 k9ds
 ( *eese f ,europe4 ,he told u h[ !     
,swiss p pa/ure _! cattle on ! /eep     
m\nta9 sides1 & t 9 e little m\nta9     
valley *eese is made1 "s ( :i* f9ds its 
way ov] ! m\nta9s & across ! sea to !   
,unit$ ,/ates4     ,,! ,,fi%+ ,,indu/ry 
,h y ev] /ood by ! side ( a /ream &     
wat*$ ! fi% d>t f "o %ad[ ( ov]hang+    
rock into ano!r1 or swim lazily at !    
bottom ( "s deep pool8 ,h[ gracefully !y
 move & turn6 ,h[ l wat] jewels !y fla% 
z ! sunlight falls ^u !m6  ,mo/ /reams &
 lakes1 l ! ocean1 conta9 fi%4 ,s we h  
fre%-wat] & salt-wat] fi%4 ,!re are a   
few bodies ( wat] s full ( salt t fi% _c
 live 9 !m4 ,d y "k ( any su* bodies (  
wat]8  ,mo/ ( ! fi% us$ z food come f ! 

ocean4 ,9 ?is1 & 9 mo/ o!r c\ntries1 !re
 are _m m5 :o d no?+ b fi%1 9 ord] t o!r
 p may be suppli$ ) ?is sort ( food4 ,!y
 d n dep5d ^u hook & l9e alone1 b use   
nets also4  ,nets are great sacks made (
 cord1 knott$ or wov5 toge!r 9 su* a way
 z to leave spaces or me%es4 ,^! me%es  
are n big en\gh to all[ l>ge fi% to     
escape4 ,sometimes ! fi%]m5 g out 9     
r[boats "s di/ance f %ore & !n ?r[ ! net
 into ! wat]4 ,corks or floats keep !   
upp] edge ( ! net ne> ! surface1 :ile   
weights hold ! l[] edge on ! bottom4    
,ropes are fa/5$ to ea* end1 & s x is   
drawn t[>d ! %ore4 ,h[ ! fi%]m5 wi% t !y
 c\ld see to ! bottom ( ! re/less wat] &
 "k :at _! h>ve/ is to be6 ,:5 ! boats h
 almo/ rea*$ ! %ore1 horses are         
sometimes driv5 into ! wat] & hit*$ to !
 ropes4 ,at la/ ! net is dragg$ out ^u !
 s&s & ! unc]ta9ty is pa/4              
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ah4--;,dry+ ,nets4
  ,look6 ,)9 ! folds ( ! net is a       
c\ntless numb] ( fi%es1 ea* jump+1      
squirm+1 wriggl+1 try+ to get back to   

its ocean home4 ,!y are ( _m sizes1     
%apes1 & colors4 ,^? n good = food1     
toge!r ) ! smalle/ ones1 are ?r[n back  
into ! wat]4  ,sometimes a net call$ a  
dip-net is dropp$ f a fi%+ s*oon] &     
drawn ab\t a s*ool ( fi%4 ,i h se5 _m   
b>rels ( fi% br\ght up at "o "t 9 ?is   
way4  ,! fi%]m5 keep a close wat* = !   
appe>ance ( ^! s*ools1 y may be sure4   
,:ales & dolph9s pursue !m1 & gulls &   
cormorants circle ov]head1 = !y1 too1   
are fi%]s4 ,_! appe>ance helps ! m5 to  
tell :]e ! s*ools are4 ,!re is a great  
ru% = ! fi%+ gr\nds :5 !y are sight$4 ,!
 :ite-sail$ s*oon]s skim ov] ! wat]s    
almo/ l a flock ( birds4  ,illu/ration3 
,,fig4 #ai4--;,a ,fi%+ ,s*oon]4  ,l>ge  
quantities ( fi% are caught by a me?od  
call$ trawl fi%+4 ,?is may be c>ri$ on  
miles f ! %ore4 ,h[ d y suppose x is    
done8 ,to a v long & /rong l9e1 _m %ort]
 ones1 ea* ) a hook at ! end1 are       
atta*$4 ,^! l9es1 to :i* l>ge buoys are 
fa/5$1 are left 9 ! wat] = sev]al h\rs1 
& !n fi%]m5 9 flat-bottom$ boats call$  

dories r[ out f ! s*oon] & exam9e !m4 ,!
 l9es are !n reset & ! fi% tak5 to !    
s*oon] to be dress$4 ,?is is a common   
me?od ( cat*+ codfi%1 :i* is c>ri$ on   
dur+ summ] & w9t] alike4 ,/orms & fogs  
are likely to occur :ile ! m5 are out 9 
_! little boats1 mak+ _! "w full ( dang]
 z well z ( h>d%ip4  ,illu/ration3      
,,fig4 #bj4--,splitt+ ,codfi%4  ,_m ( ! 
fi% are pack$ 9 ice & sold fre%1 :ile   
o!rs are cur$ on ! boats or on %ore4 ,"s
 ( ! fi%+ s*oon]s c>ry great quantities 
( salt :5 !y />t out on a trip4 ,! fi%  
are dress$ & pack$ 9 ?is4 ,sometimes !y 
are pack$ 9 br9e1 & along ! %ores ( "s  
c\ntries !y are /rung on poles to dry4  
,codfi% are dri$ 9 great quantities     
along ! ,new ,engl& coa/ by plac+ !m on 
frames made ( /rips ( wood & rais$ a    
little above ! :>f1 s t ! air c         
circulate freely4 ,:5 ! sk9 & bones are 
remov$ & ! fle% cut into /rips1 x is    
call$ %r$d$ codfi%4  ,! pr9cipal        
food-fi% are ! cod1 mack]el1 h]r+1      
halibut1 %ad1 salmon1 s>d9es1 & :itefi%4

 ,:itefi% are caught 9 ! ,great ,lakes4 
,to ?is li/ ! lob/] may be add$1 al?\gh 
x is n a fi%4  ,a common me?od ( cat*+  
lob/]s is to s9k a box made ( la? to !  
bottom1 :]e !y crawl ab\t on ! rocks4 ,a
 fi% head is plac$ 9 ! box = bait4 ,!   
lob/]s crawl 9 & are likely to rema9    
until ! box is exam9$4  ,illu/ration3   
,,fig4 #ba4--;,dry+ ,codfi%4  ,lob/]    
/eam]s1 fitt$ up ) tanks conta9+ salt   
wat]1 run f ,nova ,scotia & ,newf\ndl&  
to ,bo/on & ,new ,york4 ,"h ^? n want$  
are plac$ on c>s conta9+ simil> tanks & 
s5t to int]ior cities4 ,9 ?is way fre%  
lob/]s are s]v$ ?\s&s ( miles f :]e !y 7
 caught4  ,a lob/] t w\ld co/ u f       
tw5ty-five to sev5ty-five c5ts br+s !   
fi%]man n m ?an t5 c5ts4  ,along our    
,new ,engl& coa/ !re are _m t[ns engag$ 
ext5sively 9 fi%+4 ,portl&1 ,gl\ce/]1   
,bo/on1 & ,prov9cet[n are among ! numb]4
 ,gl\ce/] is ! mo/ important fi%+ t[n 9 
! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,f x fi%+ s*oon]s g z  
f> z ,newf\ndl&1 ,gre5l&1 ,icel&1 & ev5 
to ! coa/ ( ,irel&4 ,!re are also       

important fi%]ies on ! ,pacific coa/1 f 
,san ,francisco to ,alaska4 ,"h ! salmon
 are tak5 9 great numb]s4 ,!y weigh f   
tw5ty to "o hundr$ p\nds4 ,! fi% are    
cann$ & %ipp$ to all p>ts ( ! c\ntry4   
,besides be+ caught 9 nets & traps & on 
l9es _m are caught 9 fi% :eels4 ,^! are 
fa/5$ to ! /]n ( a boat & revolve 9 !   
wat]4 ,! fi% are caught 9 pockets &     
dropp$ 9 ! boat z ! :eel br+s !m up ov] 
x4  ,!re are v ext5sive fi%]ies along ! 
%ores ( ! ,briti% ,isles & on ! we/]n   
coa/ ( ,europe4 ,fi%+ is ! *ief indu/ry 
9 ! t[ns along ! coa/ ( ,norway4 ,! air 
is full ( ! odor ( fi%1 :ile dry+ fi%1  
nets1 & boats are ev]y:]e 9 sight4      
,al?\gh ! supply ( fi% 9 ! ocean is v   
great1 x is dim9i%+1 especially ne> !   
%ore4 ,mo/ c\ntries n[ pay consid]able  
att5tion to ! rais+ ( bo? fre% & salt   
wat] fi%es1 & !y h pass$ laws regulat+  
fi%+4 ,eggs are hat*$ 9 great hat*]ies1 
f :i* ! "y fi% are tak5 :]e !y are mo/  
ne$$4  ,! great ocean is free to all to 
sail ov] or fi% 9 at w4 ,!re is a n>r[  

/rip along ! %ore ?ree miles wide1 :i*  
belongs to ! c\ntry :i* x bord]s4 ,! m5 
( o!r c\ntries are n all[$ to fi% !re4  
,! fi%]man is a brave & /urdy man4 ,8   
life is full ( dang]4 ,he battles       
con/antly ) ! w9ds & ! waves4 ,fogs may 
hide ! %>p rocks :i* seem to wait = a   
*ance to de/roy 8 little vessel4        
,sometimes iceb]gs or great ocean /eam]s
 s9k 8 boat & he is nev] se5 aga94  ,:5 
/orms are rag+ & night has settl$ ov]   
sea & l&1 & angry waves are da%+        
!mselves into foam aga9/ ! %ore1 !      
mo!rs1 wives1 & *ildr5 look anxi\sly f  
_! cottage w9d[s t[>d ! sea1 & pray t _!
 lov$ ones may return to !m 9 safety4   
,,oy/] ,,f>m+   ,x s\nds /range to speak
 ( f>m+ 9 ! ocean1 b !re are _m & l>ge  
oy/] f>ms all along our coa/4 ,"s ( ^!  
f>ms are cov]$ by wat] all ( ! "t & "s  
are uncov]$ :5 ! tide is l[4 ,oy/] f>ms 
are f> m pr(itable ?an are ^? ^u :i*    
corn & :eat are rais$4  ,?is is a new   
indu/ry 9 our c\ntry because civiliz$ p 
h n liv$ "h v long1 b x is a v old "o 9 

"s p>ts ( ! _w4 ,z long ago z ! sev5?   
c5tury a ,roman knight rais$ oy/]s = !  
m>ket1 & x is said t ! bus9ess made him 
v weal?y4  ,y w und]/& bett] ab\t !     
cultivation ( oy/]s1 if ,i tell y fir/  
h[ !y live & gr[ 9 _! natural homes4    
,except dur+ ! fir/ few days ( _! lives1
 oy/]s are prison]s4 ,!y _c move ab\t   
freely f place to place z fi%es & mo/   
animals c1 b !y are atta*$ to rocks1 to 
! %ells ( _! dead relatives1 & to o!r   
objects4 ,h[1 !n1 d y suppose !y get _! 
food8 ,!y gr[ 9 imm5se numb]s1 & !y cr[d
 "o ano!r m ?an p d 9 ! t5em5t h\ses 9  
our great cities4 ,9 fact mo/ ( !m are  
soon cr[d$ out1 & !y die1 leav+ room = !
 re/ to gr[ ^u _! empty homes4 ,9 ?is   
way ! oy/] b$s spread out4  ,^! oy/] b$s
 are n f\nd 9 v deep wat]1 b r along !  
%ore1 g5]ally ne> ! m\? ( "s riv]4 ,z ,i
 h told y1 !y (t5 live :]e !y are       
uncov]$ :5 ! tide goes out4 ,y c see f  
?is t x is n v difficult to ga!r oy/]s1 
s t1 p>tly on ?is acc\nt1 man has us$ !m
 = food = ages4  ,:5 ! ,pilgrim ,fa!rs  

l&$ on ! %ores ( ,new ,engl&1 !y f\nd t 
! ,indians us$ oy/]s v commonly4 ,all   
along ! coa/ 7 great heaps ( ! %ells4   
,at ! v fir/ ,?anksgiv+ d9n] giv5 9     
,am]ica1 oy/]s 7 s]v$4  ,oy/]s us$ to be
 s pl5tiful on ^! natural b$s t !y 7 v  
*eap4 ,9 "s places :]e ! w9t] wea!r 0   
cold en\gh to freeze ! wat] along !     
%ore1 p cut holes 9 ! ice & ga!r$ !m by 
means ( long-h&l$ rakes4  ,9 a s+le ye> 
an oy/] w produce m ?an a million "y    
ones4 ,j ?9k ( x6 ,if all ( ?is family  
grew up1 !y w\ld fill a room f\rte5 feet
 9 ea* dim5sion4  ,^! "y oy/]s are v    
small4 ,!y are call$ spat4 ,mo/ ( !m are
 drift$ away by waves & curr5ts1 or     
dev\r$ by l>g] sea animals4 ,! few t    
escape soon atta* !mselves to "s object1
 s gett+ a *ance to beg9 ! battle (     
life4  ,if oy/]s are caught at all times
 ( ! ye> x does n give !m a *ance to    
produce _! "y1 & ?is1 z well z cat*+ !  
"y ones !mselves1 has de/roy$ _m ( !    
natural b$s4 ,9 ord] to keep up ! supply
 ( ?is food m5 comm5c$ oy/] f>m+4 ,y see

 h[ our daily ne$s & desires lead to !  
e/abli%m5t ( great indu/ries4  ,! oy/]  
f>m] prep>es 8 f>m 9 v>i\s ways4 ,he    
places clean oy/] %ells1 /ones1 trays1  
bundles ( /icks1 & o!r ?+s on ! bottom1 
s t ! oy/]s may f9d some?+ to :i* to    
atta* !mselves4 ,!n he places ! "y oy/]s
 or spat on ^! objects4 ,:5 trays are   
us$1 sev]al are plac$ "o ^u ano!r & b\nd
 toge!r by means ( a *a94 ,^! trays are 
tak5 up f "t to "t 9 ord] to ga!r !     
oy/]s t are ready = m>ket4  ,/ones are  
sometimes pil$ on ! bottom & ! spat are 
plac$ 9 ! crevices betwe5 !m4 ,(t5 /akes
 are plant$ 9 a some:at circul> =m4     
,cords are atta*$ to ! /akes1 to :i*    
bundles ( /icks are fa/5$ 9 su* a way z 
to keep !m a little above ! bottom4 ,"y 
oy/]s atta* !mselves to ^! /icks1 :i*   
may be drawn up :5 ! prop] "t comes4    
,%ells are us$ m commonly ?an o!r ?+s4  
,!y are tak5 f ! re/aurants & hotels to 
! f>ms 9 boat loads1 to be scatt]$ ov] !
 bottom4  ,! "y oy/]s gr[ at v diff]5t  
rates4 ,9 two ye>s !y may gr[ to be six 

in*es 9 l5g?1 or x may take sev]al ye>s 
to rea* t size4 ,!y gr[ m rapidly on !  
artificial b$s1 & are bett] 9 quality   
also4 ,! />fi% is "o ( ! greate/ enemies
 ( ! oy/]1 l>ge numb]s ( :i* x de/roys e
 ye>4  ,dur+ ! fi%+ season ! oy/] m5 g  
to ! b$s 9 _! boats & scoop ! oy/]s up f
 ! bottom4 ,?is is call$ dr$g+4 ,!      
scoops ) _! loads ( oy/]s are drawn to !
 deck ( ! boat by ma*9]y4 ,sometimes !  
oy/]s are ga!r$ by means ( long tongs4  
,z ! oy/]s are usually 9 clu/]s1 ^! h to
 be brok5 up4 ,= ?is purpose a sort ( a 
hamm] kn[n z a cull+ iron is us$4 ,!    
oy/]s are brok5 ap>t & sort$4 ,sometimes
 ! oy/] man makes ?ree grades &         
sometimes f\r4  ,oy/]s are n ! only ?+s 
drawn up 9 ! dr$ge4 ,/>fi%1 lob/]s1 &   
v>i\s k9ds ( fi%es are ga!r$ 94 ,! />fi%
 are kill$ & ! re/ ?r[n back4  ,! oy/]s 
are heap$ up 9 great piles on ! deck ( !
 boat4 ,sacks & b>rels are fill$ ) !m1 &
 _m c> loads are %ipp$ daily f ! cities 
ne> ! fi%+ gr\nds4 ,*esapeake ,bay is ! 
c5t] ( ! oy/] indu/ry 9 our c\ntry4 ,f9d

 x4 ,!re are oy/] b$s1 h[ev]1 all along 
bo? ! ,atlantic & ! ,pacific coa/s4     
,great quantities ( oy/]s are cann$ ne> 
:]e !y are caught4 ,gett+ !m out ( _!   
%ells is n an easy matt]4 ,= ?is purpose
 a knife is us$4 ,?is "w is call$ 9 !   
,s\? %uck+ oy/]s4 ,cann+ oy/]s is an    
important indu/ry 9 ! city ( ,baltimore4
 ,h y ev] se5 cans ( oy/]s t came f !re8
     ,a ,,rice ,,field   ,:5 y d n feel 
q satisfi$ ) y\r breakfa/1 d9n]1 or     
supp]1 & ?9k t !re %\ld be a great]     
v>iety ( food on ! table1 j come ) me & 
we w visit "s ( ! boys & girls ( f>-away
 ,*9a4 ,:at d y suppose _! *ief article 
( food is8 ,rice4 ,rice 9 ! morn+1 rice 
at noon1 & rice at night4 ,rice f !     
beg9n+ to ! end ( ! ye>4 ,9 ! poor]     
families a bit ( dri$ fi% & "s          
vegetables are usually eat5 ) x4 ,^? :o 
c af=d su* ?+s h bits ( pres]v$ g+]1    
mu%rooms1 & b>ley cakes ) ! rice4 ,(    
c\rse ! ri* p h o!r ?+s to eat1 b mo/ ( 
! p ( ,*9a are poor4  ,9 ! f]tile       
portions ( ,*9a ! p live v close toge!r4

 ,g>d5s take ! place ( f>ms4 ,workm5 (t5
 receive no m ?an t5 c5ts a day4 ,on ?is
 acc\nt !y _c af=d ! v>iety ( food t we 
h1 b mu/ be cont5t ) :atev] is *eap &   
n\ri%+ = _! labor4 ,if ! rice crop 7 to 
fail1 ! ,*9ese w\ld suff]4 ,y w see h[  
important ?is food is to !m1 :5 ,i tell 
y t !y are =bidd5 by law to sell rice to
 o!r c\ntries4  ,p]haps y are wond]+ :]e
 ! rice t we use 9 ?is c\ntry comes f4  
,rice is gr[n 9 great quantities 9      
,japan1 ,corea1 ,indo-,*9a1 ,ceylon1    
,india1 ! ,philipp9es1 ! ,hawaiian      
,isl&s1 & 9 our ,gulf /ates4  ,rice is !
 *ief food ( "o half ! p ( ! _w4 ,al?\gh
 we raise l>ge quantities1 we produce   
only ab\t "o half ( :at we use4 ,x is a 
k9d ( gra9 :i* w n ?rive on ! f]tile    
,we/]n prairies :]e corn1 oats1 & :eat  
gr[4 ,x ne$s a w>m climate & a great    
deal ( wat]4 ,= ?is reason ! rice fields
 are f\nd on ! m>%y l&s ne> ! coa/1 & by
 ! banks ( riv]s1 :]e !y c be easily    
flood$4 ,"s rice is rais$ on ! upl&s1 b 
n s successfully z on ! l[l&s4  ,canals 

are dug f ! /reams ?r\gh ! f>ms1 & f ^! 
small] dit*es bran* (f s z to rea* all  
p>ts4 ,!y are s arrang$ t ! f>m] c turn 
! wat] on or (f :5ev] he wi%es4 ,on "s (
 ! f>ms1 wells furni% ! wat] to !       
canals4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bb4--;,a 
,rice ,field4--,obs]ve ! ,canal4  ,9 !  
,gulf /ates ! fields are pl[$ 9 ! w9t]1 
& ! rice is s[n betwe5 ! fir/ ( ,april &
 ! middle ( ,may4 ,sometimes ! se$ is   
s[n broadca/1 z :eat is1 & sometimes x  
is plant$ 9 regul> drills or tr5*es ab\t
 twelve in*es ap>t4  ,! ,japanese s[ !  
se$ 9 g>d5s1 & :5 ! plants are eight or 
t5 in*es high1 !y are pull$ up &        
transplant$ to ! fields4 ,! m5 "w "r 9 !
 wat]1 = ! fields are flood$ at ! "t4   
,9 our c\ntry ! f>m] floods ! field z   
soon z ! se$s are plant$1 all[+ ! wat]  
to rema9 five or six days4 ,:5 ! "y     
blade ( rice is a few in*es high1 !     
field is aga9 flood$4 ,aft] ! second    
leaf appe>s on ! /alk1 ! wat] is turn$  
on & left = tw5ty or ?irty days4 ,aft] !
 l& dries ! crop is ho$4 ,! fields are  

irrigat$ f "t to "t1 until ab\t eight   
days be=e ! h>ve/1 :i* g5]ally occurs 9 
,augu/4  ,:5 full gr[n1 ! /alks are f "o
 to six feet 9 height1 ) long1 sl5d]    
leaves4 ,! k]nels gr[ mu* z ^? ( :eat & 
oats d4  ,on acc\nt ( ! fields be+ s    
wet1 rice1 9 mo/ c\ntries1 is cut by h&4
 ,9 ,*9a & ,japan small curv$ sickles   
are us$1 & ! gra9 is b\nd up 9 v small  
bundles4 ,9 ,l\isiana & "s o!r p>ts ( ! 
,s\?1 regul> h>ve/]s are us$4 ,!y h v   
broad :eels4 ,:y8  ,aft] ! gra9 has be5 
b\nd into bundles1 ^! are set up 9 d\ble
 r[s to dry4 ,?is is call$ %ock+ ! rice4
 ,! gra9 is !n put ?r\gh a ?ra%+ ma*9e1 
to sep>ate x f ! /raw4  ,illu/ration3   
,,fig4 #bc4--;,h>ve/+ ,rice4  ,rice     
k]nels are cov]$ by a husk4 ,be=e ! husk
 is remov$ ! gra9 is (t5 call$ paddy    
rice4 ,remov+ ! hulls or husks is call$ 
hull+4 ,! hull+ ma*9e is a long tube    
into "o end ( :i* ! rice is p\r$4 ,)9 ! 
tube are ribs :i* revolve rapidly4 ,z ! 
k]nels pass betwe5 ^! ! hulls are tak5  
(f4  ,if y 7 pass+ ?r\gh a ,*9ese       

village1 y might he> s\nds l ^? produc$ 
:5 a man p\nds ) a mallet on a great    
piece ( timb]4 ,on se>*+ = ! s\nds1 y   
w\ld f9d t !y came f ! rice mill4 ,!    
mill consi/s ( a portion ( a log holl[$ 
out & plac$ upright4 ,9 ! holl[ a       
quantity ( rice is held4 ,a piece (     
timb]1 fa/5$ to a pivot1 ext5ds 9 a     
horizontal position ) "o end ov] ! mill4
 ,to ?is end ano!r timb] is fa/5$ 9 an  
upright position4 ,a ,*9aman gets on to 
! end ( ! long timb] :i* is f>!/ f !    
mill4 ,?is raises ! end ) ! upright4 ,he
 !n jumps (f & ! upright falls1 /rik+ ^u
 ! rice4 ,9 ?is way ! hulls are worn (f4
  ,aft] hull+1 ! gra9 is c>efully       
scre5$1 9 ord] to remove ! hulls1 !     
brok5 & v small k]nels1 & ! rice fl\r4  
,?is latt] makes good cattle food4      
,p]haps y h notic$ t rice k]nels h a    
blui% appe>ance4 ,?is is n natural1 b is
 ! result ( poli%+4 ,! poli%+ removes   
mu* ( ! be/ "p ( ! gra91 b ! rice sells 
= a high] price simply on acc\nt ( its  
appe>ance4  ,! poli%+ ma*9e is          

cyl9drical or drum-l 9 %ape4 ,moosehide 
or %eepsk9 is tack$ to ! cyl9d]4 ,x is  
made to revolve rapidly1 s t ! k]nels   
are poli%$ z !y pass ov] ! sk94 ,aft]   
be+ poli%$ ! k]nels are run ?r\gh scre5s
 & sort$4 ,! rice is !n put up 9 b>rels 
or sacks & %ipp$4     ,,h[ ,,sug> ,,is  
,,made   ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bd4--,s[+
 ,sug> ,se$4  ,?is picture repres5ts "o 
( ! beg9n+s ( ! great indu/ry ( sug>    
mak+4 ,! small objects :i* y see 9 !    
tr5*es are pieces ( sug> cane4 ,^!      
cutt+s1 z !y are call$1 are cov]$ )     
soil4 ,!y soon spr\t1 & f !m gr[ ! tall1
 wav+ fields ( cane1 :i* resemble       
cornfields4 ,! canes are tall] ?an      
corn/alks1 h[ev]4 ,h[ high d y ?9k ^?   
%[n 9 ! picture are8  ,9 ab\t t5 mon?s  
aft] plant+ ! cane is ready to cut4 ,9 !
 ,s\!rn /ates ?is "w usually beg9s ab\t 
! middle ( ,octob]4  ,illu/ration3      
,,fig4 #be4--;,cutt+ ,sug> ,cane4  ,!   
canes are jo9t$1 z corn/alks are1 & !   
spongy sub/ance betwe5 ! jo9ts is fill$ 
) a sweet juice4 ,x is f ?is juice or   

sap t cane sug> is made4 ,i h se5 *ildr5
 *ew pieces ( ! cane1 & enjoy x z y d   
c&y2 = ?is use x is sometimes sold 9    
/ores 9 ! ,s\?4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4   
#bf4--,load+ ,c>s ) ,sug> ,cane4  ,aft] 
! canes are cut !y are haul$ to ! mill  
or sug>h\se on wagons4 ,on ! l>ge       
plantations tram c>s sometimes run "r   
into ! fields4  ,at ! mill ! canes are  
run betwe5 heavy roll]s1 :i* squeeze out
 ! sap4 ,sometimes z _m z sev5ty-five   
p\nds ( sap are obta9$ f "o hundr$ p\nds
 ( cane4 ,! cru%$ /alks are us$ 9 ! mill
 = fuel1 & ! a%es are return$ to ! l& to
 f]tilize x4  ,:5 ! juice is fir/ press$
 out1 x is n at all cle> 9 color4 ,x is 
!n plac$ 9 great vats or kettles &      
heat$4 ,?is heat+ causes ! wat] :i* is 9
 ! sap to evaporate1 & x also br+s "s ( 
! impurities to ! top1 :]e !y are skimm$
 (f4 ,:5 ! evaporat+ has be5 f9i%$1 !re 
are two products1 molasses & br[n sug>4 
,! sug> mu/ next be ref9$4 ,= ?is       
purpose x is usually s5t to cities      
outside ( ! sug> belt4 ,!re are great   

ref9]ies 9 ,new ,orleans1 ,san          
,francisco1 ,/4 ,l\is1 ,*icago1 & o!r   
cities4  ,:5 ! raw sug>1 z x is call$1  
rea*es ! ref9]y1 :i* is g5]ally a tall  
build+1 x is tak5 to ! top /ory &       
dissolv$ 9 hot wat]4 ,x !n passes ?r\gh 
bags :i* act z filt]s1 & ?r\gh a great  
cyl9d] :i* conta9s burn$ bones1 kn[n z  
bone-black4 ,y rememb] t ,i told y t !  
bones ( ! cattle 7 sav$4 ,?is is "o ( ! 
uses to :i* !y are put4 ,:5 ! liquid    
comes out ( ?is bone filt] x is a       
p]fectly cle> sirup1 :i* is !n          
cry/alliz$4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4       
#bg4--;,a ,sug> ,mill4  ,y "k t we buy  
ref9$ sug> 9 ?ree =ms3 granulat$ sug>1  
loaf sug>1 & pulv]iz$ sug>4 ,:5         
granulat$ sug> is want$1 ! cry/als are  
plac$ 9 a great drum1 :i* revolves until
 !y are ?or\ghly dri$ 9 ! "r =m4 ,to    
make loaf sug>1 ! cry/als are press$    
into molds1 !n dri$1 & cut into ! size  
desir$4 ,9 p[d]$ sug> !y are simply     
gr\nd to a p[d]$ condition4  ,?9k h[ mu*
 labor is requir$ to produce sug>1 & yet

 y c buy x = five c5ts a p\nd4  ,!re are
 great fields ( sug> cane 9 ! ,gulf     
/ates1 9 ,cuba1 9 ! ,hawaiian ,isl&s1 9 
! ,ea/ ,indies1 9 ,india1 & 9 o!r w>m1  
moi/ p>ts ( ! _w4 ,we buy a great deal (
 sug> f ,cuba1 & f ! ,hawaiian ,isl&s4  
,to :at city d y ?9k ! sug> f !         
,hawaiian ,isl&s is s5t8     ,,beet     
,,sug>   ,al?\gh ! cane fields ( ! moi/1
 hot c\ntries yield great quantities (  
sug>1 !re are o!r s\rces f :i* ?is      
useful product comes4 ,9 ! ye> #agdg a  
,g]man sci5ti/ discov]$ t sug> c be made
 f beets1 & n[ ab\t two ?irds ( our     
supply come f ^! plants4  ,! sug> beet  
is n j l ! plant ( ! same "n :i* we     
raise = table use4 ,x is :ite1 &        
sometimes weighs z mu* z t5 or fifte5   
p\nds4 ,beets d n ne$ s mu* wat] nor s  
mu* heat z sug> cane1 s !y c be rais$ 9 
,g]many1 ,france1 ,au/ria1 ,russia1 &   
o!r c\ntries1 z well z 9 ,cali=nia1     
,utah1 & ,nebraska1 9 our own l&4  ,9 "s
 p>ts ( ,cali=nia !re are fields ( beets
 /ret*+ = miles4 ,! se$s are plant$ 9   

r[s1 :i*1 aft] ! plants h come up1 are  
?9n$4 ,9 f\r or five mon?s f ! "t ! se$s
 are plant$1 ! beets are ready to h>ve/4
  ,on mo/ ( ! l>ge ran*es ! beets are   
dug by ma*9]y4 ,m5 !n move back & =? 9 !
 fields1 cutt+ (f ! leaves & a little ( 
! upp] "p ( ! beet1 = ?is conta9s too   
mu* m9]al matt] to be ( value 9 mak+    
sug>4 ,! workm5 use l>ge knives1 & !y   
walk on _! knees4  ,! beets are n[ tak5 
to ! factory 9 wagons1 or1 if x is f>   
away1 !y are s5t on tra9s4 ,:5 ! loads (
 beets rea* ! factory1 !y are weigh$4 ,!
 team/]s !n drive up an incl9$ plane to 
a plank roadway4 ,!re are g5]ally sev]al
 ( ^!4 ,on ea* side ( ! road or plat=m  
are deep ,v-%ap$ tr5*es ) wood5 sides1 9
 :i* /reams ( wat] run4 ,:5 ! wagon has 
rea*$ ! "r spot1 ! plat=m ^u :i* x re/s 
is rais$ 9 a slant+ position1 & ! beets 
fall into ! tr5*4  ,a basket full (     
beets is tak5 f ea* load & te/$1 to see 
h[ mu* sug> !y conta91 = ?is det]m9es ! 
price to be paid4  ,! /ream ( wat] 9 !  
tr5* c>ries ! beets along1 j z !y w\ld  

be c>ri$ 9 a brook4 ,?is1 y see1 is a   
quick & easy way ( wa%+ !m4  ,! /reams (
 wat] c>ry ! beets into ! factory1 :]e  
!y are cut up into /rips by ma*9]y4 ,!  
juice is !n wa%$ out 9 vats conta9+ w>m 
wat]1 & is boil$ d[n 9 great tanks4 ,!  
raw sug> is ref9$ mu* z ! cane sug> is4 
,aft] ! sug> has be5 dri$1 x is run     
?r\gh sp\ts into sacks held op5 to cat* 
x z x comes out4 ,"o hundr$ p\nds are   
put into ea* sack4 ,"o workman sews !   
sacks up & ano!r :eels !m to ! w>]oom4  
,tra9 loads are c>ri$ away to be        
di/ribut$ 9 ! p>ts ( our c\ntry t d n   
produce sug>4     ,,maple ,,sug>   ,y   
w\ld enjoy help+ to make "s maple sug>1 
,i am sure1 s let u make a trip to !    
woods ( ,v]mont or ,new ,york1 :]e maple
 sug> is made f ! sap ( ! sug>-maple    
tree4  ,y w ne$ y\r cap & mitt5s1 z !   
sug> season is ! e>ly spr+1 :5 !re is   
yet sn[ on ! gr\nd4 ,besides1 "s ( ! "w 
is done at night1 & y w n wi% to miss t4
  ,! own] ( ! sug> bu% bores holes into 
! trees a %ort di/ance f ! gr\nd1 into  

:i* he slips small sp\ts1 call$ spiles4 
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bh4--,tapp+ a     
,tree4  ,?is is call$ tapp+ ! trees4    
,und]nea? ! sp\t a pail is plac$4 ,dur+ 
! day ! sap trickles out & runs into !  
pail4 ,dur+ ! cold] h\rs ( ! night ! sap
 fl[s sl[ly1 if at all4 ,sometimes x is 
s cold t little sap runs = two or ?ree  
days at a "t4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4     
#bi4--,ox5 haul+ ,sap4  ,! sap is       
collect$ 9 b>rels & drawn on sl$s to !  
camp or place :]e x is to be boil$ d[n4 
,?is is done 9 great pans call$         
evaporators1 :i* may be five or six feet
 wide1 & fifte5 feet long4 ,!y are      
divid$ into sections1 & ^! are connect$ 
by means ( little op5+s4  ,! sap fl[s   
into "o end ( ! evaporator & foll[s a   
zigzag pa? ?r\gh ! diff]5t sections4 ,by
 fl[+ sl[ly ov] s l>ge a surface1       
evaporation goes on rapidly & ! sap is  
*ang$ to sirup by ! "t x has f9i%$ its  
j\rney4  ,! sirup is put up 9 cans1 or  
boil$ d[n into sug>1 :i* is mold$ into  
small cakes1 & br+s a high price4       

,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cj4--,sap-yoke &  
,pails = ga!r+ ,sap4  ,sug>+ (f1 z !    
boil+ d[n ( ! sap is call$1 is q an     
ev5t4 ,(t5 a numb] ( p w be invit$ to g 
to ! sug>h\se & take "p 9 ! op]ation4   
,be=e ! mod]n evaporator came into use  
sug>+ (f always occurr$ at night4 ,?is 0
 necess>y1 because dur+ ! day ! sap     
buckets _h to be att5d$ to4 ,! "y p w\ld
 s+ songs1 tell /ories1 & eat sug>4  ,"s
 ( ! sug> bu%es conta9 b a few trees &  
"s conta9 "o or two ?\s& or ev5 m4 ,a   
tree w yield f "o to six p\nds ( sug>   
dur+ a season4  ,our c\ntry produces    
great quantities ( sug> e ye>1 b we use 
s mu* t we h to buy mu* m ?an we        
manufacture at home4 ,x 0 n always 9 su*
 common use1 h[ev]1 because p 9 old5    
times did n und]/& h[ to make x *eaply4 
,long1 long ago sug> 0 us$ only z a     
m$ic9e4 ,don't y wi% t all m$ic9e to-day
 0 z good z sug>8 ,ab\t sev5 hundr$ ye>s
 ago an ,italian nobleman di$ & left to 
8 relatives1 among o!r ?+s1 six p\nds ( 
sug>4 ,8 w caus$ consid]able comm5t     

among ! p1 :o said t no "o family %\ld  
be all[$ to h s mu* sug> 9 its          
possession4     ,,:]e ,,salt ,,comes ,,f
   ,! ,arab1 j\rney+ ov] ! yell[ s&s1   
rid+ ^u ! back ( 8 fai?ful %ip ( !      
des]t1 (t5 looks long+ly = "s sign (    
wat] to cool 8 p>*$ lips4 ,! sailor may 
ride ^u ! beautiful blue wat]s ( ! ocean
 9 8 :ite-w+$ %ip2 b al?\gh !re is no?+ 
b wat] to greet 8 eyes1 he _c dr9k x1 = 
x is bitt] to ! ta/e4  ,if y 7 to place 
a quantity ( ocean wat] ov] a fire &    
evaporate x1 !re w\ld rema9 a :ite      
sub/ance4 ,?is is common salt4 ,y see t 
x is z necess>y to provide fre% wat] :5 
"o wi%es to cross ! ocean1 z x is if "o 
is go+ to cross ! des]t4  ,mo/ /reams & 
lakes conta9 fre% wat]1 s y w wond] :y !
 wat]s ( ! ocean are br9y4 ,! rocks &   
soil ( ! e>? conta9 salt1 & ! /reams wa%
 x f ! l&4 ,ea* "o c>ries s little t we 
d n notice x1 b !y h work$ s /eadily & s
 long1 t !y h c>ri$ a great am\nt to !  
sea4 ,none ( x c escape1 s ! ocean gets 
m & m br9y4  ,no heal?y p]son w\ld ev]  

?9k ( eat+ salt alone z a food1 & yet   
our food w\ld ta/e v unsatisfactory )\t 
x4 ,f>m]s supply _! cattle & horses )   
salt1 & wild animals se>* = x 9 ! =e/s1 
& lick x f ! soil ) _! tongues4  ,salt  
is s important to u t ,i want to tell y 
ab\t "s ( ! ways 9 :i* m5 obta9 x4      
,sometimes sea wat] is plac$ 9 great    
vats & evaporat$4 ,?is leaves ! salt1   
:i* is !n ref9$4 ,y "k t ! sun's heat   
causes ! wat]s ( a %all[ pond to        
evaporate dur+ w>m wea!r4 ,%all[ bas9s  
are (t5 scoop$ out along ! coa/1 & !    
wat]s :i* fill !m are !n %ut (f f ! l>g]
 body4 ,9 "t ! wat] evaporates1 & !     
salt1 :i* has =m$ 9 ?9 lay]s1 is        
collect$4  ,i said t mo/ lakes are      
fre%-wat] bodies4 ,!re are "s1 h[ev]1 t 
are v salty4 ,great ,salt ,lake is "o ( 
^!4 ,/reams fl[ into x1 b none fl[s out4
 ,if y 7 to ba! 9 ! wat]s ( ?is lake1 y 
w\ld f9d t y\r body w\ld n s9k4  ,i h   
se5 great piles ( gli/5+ salt along !   
%ore ( ,great ,salt ,lake :i* _h be5    
obta9$ by evaporation4 ,a railroad runs 

beside ! lake1 & ! salt is load$ ^u !   
c>s to be haul$ away4 ,:5 ! p fir/      
settl$ 9 ,utah1 !y us$ to drive to !    
lake 9 wagons to get a supply ( salt4   
,al?\gh ! ocean & a few lakes conta9    
imm5se quantities ( ?is useful article1 
we get mo/ ( our supply f o!r s\rces4   
,9 ! we/]n "p ( ,new ,york ,/ate1 at "s 
di/ance bel[ ! surface ( ! e>?1 !re is a
 ?ick lay] ( salt4 ,wells are drill$ d[n
 to ?is2 wat] is pump$ into !m1 & !n    
pump$ out aga9 z br9e4 ,?is br9e is     
evaporat$ 9 l>ge pans made ( iron1 two  
qu>ts ( br9e yield+ ab\t a p\nd ( salt4 
,9 ,*9a salt has be5 obta9$ 9 ?is way = 
hundr$s & ev5 ?\s&s ( ye>s4 ,?\gh !y _h 
little ma*9]y to "w ) 9 ^? days1 yet by 
pati5t1 /eady ef=t1 !y drill$ wells two 
?\s& & ev5 ?ree ?\s& feet 9 dep?4 ,f    
tw5ty-five to =ty ye>s 7 requir$ to     
drill "s ( ^! wells4 ,^? :o comm5c$ !m  
knew t !y 7 n likely to enjoy ! fruits (
 _! labor & t o!rs mu/ get ! b5efit (   
:at !y did4 ,:at does ?is %[ ab\t ^! p8 
,:at b5efits are y receiv+ f :at o!rs h 

done8  ,salt is also m9$ z coal & iron  
are4 ,?is is call$ rock salt4 ,x is     
obta9$ 9 ,g]many1 ,pol&1 ,au/ria1       
,india1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & 9 _m o!r     
c\ntries4  ,"o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ salt     
fields ( ! _w is 9 ! s\!a/]n "p (       
,cali=nia4 ,x is on ! ,colorado ,des]t1 
ne> ! ,colorado ,riv]4 ,?is 0 once a "p 
( ! ocean floor & ! rocks conta9 mu*    
salt4 ,wat] seep+ ?r\gh ! e>? dissolves 
! salt & br+s x to ! surface at ?is     
place4 ,:at happ5s to ! wat]8           
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ca4--;,h>ve/+     
,salt1 ,salton1 ,cali=nia4 ,is !re any  
,wat] 9 ?is ,field8  ,illu/ration3      
,,fig4 #cb4--,load+ ,c>s ) ,salt4       
,salton1 ,cali=nia4  ,?is salt field    
cov]s an area ( ab\t "o ?\s& acres1 to a
 dep? ( f "o to eight in*es4 ,y c see by
 ! picture t x looks m l a field ( sn[ &
 ice ?an "o ( salt4 ,! bright sunlight  
is reflect$ f its surface ) su* p[] t x 
hurts "o's eyes4  ,a great pl[ drawn by 
a /eam eng9e moves ov] ?is dazzl+ field1
 & ?r[s ! salt up 9 furr[s4 ,x is !n    

pil$ up1 load$ on to c>s1 & tak5 to %$s1
 :]e x is purifi$4 ,indians & ,japanese 
d mo/ ( ! "w4  ,9 ord] to purify ! br9es
 !y are boil$ 9 iron pans & treat$ 9    
v>i\s ways to make !m fit = table use4  
,:5 evaporation is rapid1 ! salt cry/als
 are q small1 b sl[] evaporation        
produces l>g] ones4 ,rock salt is       
dissolv$ 9 wat] & !n evaporat$4 ,to get 
! f9e/ ( salt1 ! cry/als mu/ be gr\nd4  
,:5 salt is to be us$ = o!r purposes ?an
 to season food1 n s mu* pa9s are tak54 
,"n o!r uses ( salt4  ,9 old5 times1 :5 
salt 0 n s easily obta9$ z x is to-day1 
x 0 reg>d$ 9 "s c\ntries z a luxury4    
,?is seems /range1 does x n8 ,at "o "t !
 ,*9ese made x into little cakes1 /amp$ 
! image ( ! emp]or ^u x1 & us$ x z      
money4 ,9 ,arabia ^? :o toge!r ate food 
:i* _h be5 salt$1 believ$ t ?is e/abli%$
 a special bond ( fri5d%ip betwe5 !m4   
,?is l$ to ! old say+1 ,!re is salt     
betwe5 u4     ,,mac>oni ,,& ,,v]micelli 
,h y ev] wond]$ z y h look$ at ! holl[  
/icks ( mac>oni 9 ! /ores or z y h eat5 

!m at ! table1 h[ !y 7 made 9 t way1 &  
:at !y 7 made (8  ,9 ,italy mac>oni is a
 v important article ( food1 & its use  
is rapidly increas+ 9 our own c\ntry4 ,=
 a long "t x 0 n made outside ( ,italy1 
:]e ! city ( ,g5oa 0 ! c5t] ( ! indu/ry4
 ,locate ?is city4 ,d y "k :at great man
 0 born !re8 ,n[ mac>oni & v]micelli are
 made 9 o!r c\ntries4 ,!re are a few    
factories 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 b mo/ ( :at
 we use /ill comes f ,italy4  ,9 mak+ ^!
 foods only ! be/ h>d :eat is us$4      
,aft] gr9d+ ! :eat1 ! bran is tak5 out &
 ! fl\r is plac$ 9 a l>ge wood5 tub4    
,wat] is add$1 & ! two are mix$ by h& = 
a few m9utes4 ,9 ?is tub a m>ble :eel   
ab\t five feet 9 diamet] & eighte5 in*es
 9 ?ickness is fa/5$ 9 an upright       
position4 ,?is :eel weighs ab\t a ton4  
,aft] ! fl\r & wat] h be5 mix$1 ! :eel  
is set 9 motion by ma*9]y1 & x sl[ly    
circles ar\nd 9 ! tub1 press+ ! d\gh "u 
x4  ,a man keeps walk+ 9 front ( ! :eel1
 mov+ ! d\gh f ! edges ( ! tub & plac+ x
 directly 9 ! pa? ( x4 ,?is "w ( press+ 

! fl\r into a pa/e cont9ues = a little m
 ?an half an h\r4  ,! :eel is !n /opp$ &
 ! pa/e1 :i* is q /iff1 is cut into     
cakes ab\t a foot squ>e & f "o to ?ree  
in*es 9 ?ickness4  ,^! are put into an  
iron cyl9d] heat$ by /eam4 ,9 ! bottom (
 ! cyl9d] is a copp] plate fill$ ) holes
 hav+ ! c5t]s fill$4 ,a cov] fitt$ to a 
great screw :i* turns by ma*9]y is plac$
 on top4 ,?is sl[ly1 b /eadily1 presses 
! pa/e d[nw>d4 ,x is ?us =c$ ?r\gh ^!   
op5+s1 & ( c\rse comes out 9 ! =m (     
r\nd1 holl[ pipes4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4
 #cc4--;,dry+ ,mac>oni 9 ,italy4  ,z ^! 
pipes issue f ! cyl9d]1 !y are /raight5$
 out on a wood5 tray or plat=m1 & ) a   
l>ge1 %>p knife cut into l5g?s ( ab\t   
?ree feet4 ,!y are !n tak5 to a dry+    
room & spread on wire frames cov]$ )    
oil$ pap]4 ,"h !y are left = ab\t five  
days1 aft] :i* !y are plac$ 9 boxes &   
are ready to %ip4  ,! only diff]5ce     
betwe5 mac>oni & v]micelli is t ! pipes 
( v]micelli are v small & are n holl[4  
,:5 v]micelli is want$1 two plates are  

plac$ on ! bottom ( ! press4 ,! "u "o is
 ( iron & conta9s holes ab\t "o in* 9   
diamet]4 ,! upp] "o is ( copp] & conta9s
 gr\ps ( v small op5+s4 ,!re are        
sometimes eighty ( ^! op5+s 9 a gr\p4   
,:5 ! plates are screw$ toge!r1 ! gr\ps 
( small holes are directly above ! l>g] 
op5+s4  ,z ! pa/e is press$1 x passes   
?r\gh ! little holes & !n issues f !    
l>g] ones2 ?is keeps ea* little gr\p (  
pipes some:at ap>t f ! o!rs4  ,saffron  
is add$ to ! pa/e to color x1 & ! great 
gold5 mass is q a pretty sight z x      
/eadily l5g!ns4  ,! workman cuts (f six 
or sev5 feet ( x at a "t2 & hold+ x     
above 8 head ) "o h&1 he %akes x out ) !
 o!r1 z "o might %ake ! folds ( a piece 
( silk4 ,! pipes tangle up v little4 ,!y
 are cut into l5g?s ( ab\t eighte5      
in*es4  ,x is !n tak5 to ! dry+ room &  
spread out on ! trays j z ! mac>oni is4 
,a h&ful ( ! v]micelli is tak5 at a "t1 
& by a peculi> twi/ ( ! arm x is plac$  
on ! pap] 9 a =m some?+ l t ( ! lett] n4
 ,aft] dry+ = five days x is pack$ &    

%ipp$4     ,,on ,a ,,c(fee ,,plantation 
,juan & ,lupe live 9 a beautiful valley 
:]e palm & banana trees wave _! broad   
leaves 9 ! breeze4 ,x is nev] cold !re1 
s t _m k9ds ( plants & fl[]s gr[ out (  
doors :i* we d n see 9 our c\ntry except
 9 gre5h\ses4 ,on cle> days !y c see    
l(ty m\nta9s f> to ! we/w>d1 :i*        
sometimes we> caps ( :ite4  ,juan is    
f\rte5 ye>s old & ,lupe is twelve4 ,_!  
sk9 is mu* d>k] ?an y\rs1 & !y h bright 
black eyes & black hair4 ,_! fa!r owns a
 great c(fee plantation 9 ,brazil1 n f> 
f ! city ( ,rio ,janeiro4  ,!re are _m  
m51 wom51 & *ildr5 employ$ on !         
plantation1 & ,juan & ,lupe enjoy roam+ 
ab\t f place to place & wat*+ !m at _!  
"w4  ,9 ! nurs]y !y see m5 plant+ !     
c(fee se$s 9 ! ri* soil4 ,!re are "s    
plants t h j come up1 & "s t are ready  
to transplant4 ,!y are set out 9 r[s1   
six or eight feet ap>t ea* way1 &       
sometimes m4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4      
#cd4--;,a ,c(fee ,nurs]y4  ,! trees w\ld
 gr[ mu* tall] ?an ^? y see 9 ! picture1

 if !y 7 n kept prun$4 ,d y "k :y !y are
 prev5t$ f gr[+ tall8 ,:5ev] y look at a
 c(fee plantation1 y see ! d>k gre5     
foliage ( ! tree1 :i* is an ev]gre54    
,lupe is v fond ( ! blossoms4 ,!y are   
cle> :ite & v fragrant4  ,a tree w yield
 a small am\nt ! second ye> aft] plant+1
 b x w n produce a full crop = five or m
 ye>s4 ,two p\nds is a good av]age crop 
= a tree4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4         
#ce4--,pick+ ,c(fee4  ,! *ildr5 l to    
wat* ! pick]s z !y g f tree to tree4 ,_m
 ( !m are ab\t _! own age4 ,"s c>ry a   
sack slung ov] ! %\ld]s1 & o!rs c>ry    
baskets or pails4 ,! b]ries mu/ be pick$
 by h&1 = !y d n all rip5 at once4 ,!y  
are d>k sc>let 9 color & look a little l
 cranb]ries4 ,a good pick] ga!rs ab\t   
?ree bu%els 9 a day4 ,! pick]s are giv5 
a *eck e "t !y fill a basket4 ,sometimes
 ,juan t5ds to ?is "w1 & he enjoys x v  
mu*4 ,at ! end ( ea* week ! pick]s are  
paid accord+ to ! numb] ( *ecks !y h4   
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cf4--;,c(fee      
,b]ries4  ,)9 ! b]ry are two k]nels or  

se$s1 ) _! flat sides toge!r4 ,^! are   
call$ c(fee beans4 ,x is ^! beans f :i* 
! dr9k is made4  ,! pick+ is b a small  
"p ( ! "w ( prep>+ c(fee = ! m>ket4 ,!  
fir/ op]ation is remov+ ! pulp4 ,?is us$
 to be done by tramp+ on ! b]ries1 b n[ 
x is done 9 a bett] way4  ,! b]ries are 
?r[n into a l>ge tank fill$ ) wat]1 :i* 
c>ries !m ?r\gh a pipe to ! pulp+ ma*9e4
 ,?is ma*9e removes ! pulp & sep>ates ! 
beans4  ,next ! beans are c>ri$ to a    
second tank1 :]e !y rema9 = ab\t        
tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 to wa% (f a /icky       
sub/ance :i* cov]s ! %ell ( ! bean4  ,if
 y h ev] put beans or peas into a bas9 (
 wat]1 y h notic$ t ne>ly all ( !m s9k1 
:ile a few float4 ,^! latt] are ! poor  
ones4 ,?is is ! way 9 :i* ! good & bad  
c(fee beans are sep>at$4 ,a pipe c>ries 
(f ! se$s t float on ! surface ( ! wat]4
  ,! beans are dri$ on cem5t floors ^u  
:i* !y are spread4 ,?is dry+ takes a    
long "t4 ,be=e sunset ea* day ! c(fee   
mu/ be c>ri$ "u %elt]1 = ! dew injures  
x4 ,:ile !y are dry+1 ! workm5 /ir !m4  

,sometimes artificial heat is us$1 b ?is
 is exp5sive4 ,juan's fa!r has a wat*man
 ^: duty x is to gu>d ! c(fee at night1 
= x is v valuable4  ,ea* bean is cov]$  
by a /rong %ell1 or hull1 :i* has to be 
remov$4 ,! soak+ has loos5$ ?is1 & s x  
comes (f easi] ?an x o!rwise w\ld4 ,juan
 & ,lupe (t5 wat* ! :eels ( ! hull] z !y
 turn1 mov$ by pati5t ox54  ,!re are two
 :eels set upright ov] a circul> box1   
into :i* ! c(fee is put4 ,z x passes    
betwe5 ! :eels & ! bottom ( ! box1 !    
hulls are remov$4 ,und]nea? ! hull is a 
?9 sk91 :i* is also tak5 (f4  ,9 "s     
c\ntries p want ! c(fee dy$ or color$4  
,a blui% color is giv5 to x by coat+ !  
:eels ( ! hull+ ma*9e ) lead4  ,! hulls 
are sep>at$ f ! beans 9 a w9n[+ ma*9e1 &
 ! c(fee is !n sort$4 ,(t5 ?is is done  
by h&4 ,! beans are spread out on a     
table1 & girls & boys1 & sometimes gr[n 
p]sons1 sort x into sev]al grades4      
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cg4--,sort+ &     
sack+ ,c(fee4  ,juan's fa!r has ?is "w  
done by ma*9]y4 ,! c(fee is put into a  

cyl9d]1 9 ! bottom ( :i* !re are holes (
 diff]5t sizes by :i* x is grad$4  ,!   
la/ process is to sack ! c(fee & s5d x  
by railroad to ,rio ,janeiro4 ,( c\rse x
 is nei!r roa/$ nor gr\nd until x rea*es
 its de/9ation4  ,we d n produce c(fee 9
 our c\ntry1 b we are ! greate/ c(fee   
dr9k]s 9 ! _w4 ,a l>ge "p ( our supply  
comes f ,brazil4 ,trace ! c\rse ( ! %ip 
f ,rio ,janeiro to ,new ,york4 ,juan has
 (t5 done ?is1 & 8 fa!r has promis$ to  
take him ) him sometime1 :5 he goes ) a 
c>go ( c(fee4  ,y naturally ?9k t c(fee 
( diff]5t names mu/ come f diff]5t      
c\ntries1 or at lea/ f diff]5t trees4   
,?is is n always ! case4 ,sev]al br&s   
may come f ! same tree4 ,! "n dep5ds    
p>tly ^u ! size & ! g5]al appe>ance ( ! 
beans4  ,c(fee is a native ( ! f> ,ea/1 
b x has gradually be5 transplant$ to o!r
 c\ntries1 until x is n[ v ext5sively   
us$4 ,brazil1 ,c5tral ,am]ica1 ,mexico1 
! ,we/ ,indies1 ! ,hawaiian ,isl&s1     
,java1 ,ceylon1 & ,arabia are           
c(fee-rais+ c\ntries4  ,9 #aeea c(fee   

f\nd its way to ! city ( ,con/ant9ople2 
9 #afeb x _h rea*$ ,london2 & 9 #agbj x 
0 plant$ 9 ! ,we/ ,indies4 ,y see x     
work$ its way we/w>d r sl[ly4  ,sev]al  
hundr$ ye>s ago1 c(fee 0 v exp5sive1 s t
 only ! ri* c\ld af=d to use x4 ,in/ead 
( dr9k+ x at home1 p w5t to c(feeh\ses1 
:]e x 0 s]v$4 ,to ^! c(feeh\ses m5      
br\ght :atev] news !y _h he>d & told x  
to "o ano!r4 ,9 ?is way ^! places s]v$  
ab\t ! same purpose t newspap]s d n[4   
,,! ,,tea ,,g>d5s ,,( ,,*9a   ,at !     
bottom ( ! teapot y w f9d "s leaves4    
,spread "o ( !m out c>efully4 ,y c see t
 x 0 once long & sl5d]1 a little l will[
 leaves4 ,x may h gr[n 9 "s g>d5 9      
f>-away ,*9a1 = we get a great deal (   
tea f t c\ntry4  ,i h told y h[ close   
toge!r ! p live on ! f]tile pla9s (     
ea/]n ,*9a4 ,!re is s little room t _m  
live on boats on ! riv]s & 9 ! h>bors4  
,on ?is acc\nt _! f>ms are n s l>ge z   
ours4  ,! tea trees 9 ! g>d5s are ab\t  
five or six feet high4 ,if !y 7 all[$   
to1 !y w\ld rea* a height ( tw5ty-five  

feet2 b !y are kept trimm$ = ! same     
reasons t ! c(fee trees are prun$4  ,!  
trees are rais$ f se$s1 & are g5]ally   
plant$ on l& :i* slopes t[>d ! s\?4 ,:at
 advantage is ?is8  ,9 ab\t ?ree ye>s   
aft] plant+1 ! fir/ crop ( leaves c be  
ga!r$4 ,9 ,*9a !y are usually ga!r$ f\r 
times ea* ye>1 & ! trees cont9ue to     
yield = tw5ty-five or ?irty ye>s4  ,:5 !
 leaves are pick$1 !y are full ( sap or 
juice1 & s h to be dri$4 ,! dry+ is     
usually done on trays made ( bamboo4    
,:ile !y are dry+1 !y are rubb$ & roll$ 
betwe5 ! palms ( ! h&s1 s t !y may dry m
 quickly & ev5ly4  ,next ! leaves are   
plac$1 a few at a "t1 9 iron pans ov] a 
*>coal fire4 ,!y are left 9 ^! b a %ort 
"t1 = !y are hot4 ,?is process is call$ 
fir+4 ,sometimes ! leaves are fir$ b    
once1 & sometimes twice4  ,! tea is !n  
spread out1 & brok5 bits ( /ems are     
remov$4 ,"s ( ! tea gr[]s place ! tea 9 
baskets :i* are susp5d$ ov] sl[ fires1 =
 dry+4  ,if y 7 to look into "s ( !     
tea-hongs or h\ses :]e tea is cur$ &    

pack$1 y w\ld f9d ! tea dri$ 9 a v      
curi\s fa%ion4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4    
#ch4--,pick+ ,tea4 ,p9ehur/1 ,s\?       
,c>ol9a4  ,9 "o ( ! rooms y w\ld see    
sev]al ,*9am5 roll+ & toss+ balls ab\t )
 _! b>e feet4 ,! balls are ab\t ! size (
 footballs & are p>tly fill$ ) tea4     
,al?\gh x looks l play1 x is h>d "w4 ,z 
! balls are toss$ ab\t1 ! tea leaves are
 giv5 _! r\nd$ or twi/$ appe>ance4 ,f "t
 to "t ! work]s /op & tie ! bags up m   
closely at ! neck4 ,?is me?od is us$ 9  
mak+ gunp[d] tea4  ,black & gre5 teas   
are n diff]5t v>ieties1 b are produc$ by
 diff]5t me?ods ( h&l+4  ,9 ! great     
tea-hongs !re are pr(essional ta/]s1--t 
is1 m5 :o d no?+ b sip tea f small cups1
 s z to grade x & fix its value4 ,?is is
 consid]$ a v p>ticul> l9e ( "w &       
requires an educat$ ta/e4  ,! ocean     
atmosph]e has a bad effect on tea1 s t !
 v f9e/ grades are seldom s5t across !  
sea4 ,:5 tea is to be %ipp$ by wat]1 x  
is plac$ 9 boxes l9$ ) a sort ( %eet    
lead4 ,?is protects ! tea greatly4 ,mo/ 

( ! tea s5t to ! ,unit$ ,/ates l&s at   
,san ,francisco4 ,:y8 ,h[ does x get to 
o!r p>ts ( our c\ntry8  ,great          
quantities ( tea are press$ into ! =m ( 
bricks & s5t ov] m\nta9s & across des]ts
 into ,russia4  ,?is is call$ brick tea4
 ,! ,russians are great tea dr9k]s1 &   
:5ev] any "o calls 9 ,russia1 tea is    
s]v$4 ,!y call _! teapot a samov>4      
,bett] tea is obta9$ f ,ceylon & ,india 
?an f ,*9a4 ,9 ^! c\ntries ,europeans h 
*>ge ( mo/ ( ! tea f>ms1 & !y h c>efully
 /udi$ ! cultivation & h&l+ ( tea4  ,!re
 is a little tea rais$ 9 our own c\ntry 
9 ! /ate ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a4 ,x is v f9e 9  
quality & p are will+ to pay a high     
price = x4 ,"s ( x has be5 sold = five  
doll>s a p\nd4  ,:5 tea 0 fir/ br\ght   
into ,europe1 x 0 reg>d$ z a great      
luxury1 j z c(fee 04 ,p paid z mu* z    
fifty doll>s a p\nd = x4 ,x is said t "s
 ( ! tea rais$ to-day = ! royal family (
 ,*9a1 is wor? a hundr$ doll>s a p\nd4  
,_m p 9 ?is c\ntry d n enjoy a cup ( tea
 unless !y h milk & sug> 9 x4 ,! ,*9ese 

d n use ei!r 9 _! tea4 ,9 ,russia x is q
 common to draw ! tea ?r\gh a lump (    
sug> held betwe5 ! tee?4  ,y "k t tea   
p>ties are v common4 ,! mo/ celebrat$   
tea p>ty ev] held 0 call$ ! ,bo/on ,tea 
,p>ty4 ,see :at y c f9d out ab\t x4     
,a ,,cup ,,( ,,cocoa   ,on ! eighte5?   
day ( ,june1 9 ! ye> #agga1 ?is notice  
appe>$ 9 ! ,essex ,gazette (            
,massa*usetts3--                        
,,amos ,,trask1       ,at 8 ,h\se a     
little bel[ ! ,bell-,tav]n 9            
,,danv]s1                    ,makes &   
sells ,*ocolate1       :i* he w w>rant  
to be good1 & takes ,cocoa to gr9d4 ,^? 
:o may please to favor him ) _! ,cu/om  
may dep5d ^u be+      well s]v$1 & at a 
v *eap ,rate4  ,?is seems to h be5 !    
fir/ notice ( ! manufacture & sale (    
cocoa & *ocolate 9 our c\ntry4 ,:at is  
peculi> ab\t ! notice8  ,9 ^? days ! raw
 product 0 br\ght to ,massa*usetts by ! 
,gl\ce/] fi%]m54 ,!y obta9$ x 9 ! ,we/  
,indies 9 ex*ange = fi% & o!r ?+s :i* !y
 took !re4  ,:5 ! ,spani% soldi]1       

,cortez1 conqu]$ ,mexico 9 #aeai1 he    
f\nd t ! p ( t c\ntry 7 v fond ( a dr9k 
:i* !y call$ *ocolatl4 ,x 0 s]v$ to _!  
rul]1 ,montezuma1 9 a cup ( gold4 ,:5 ! 
,spani>ds w5t home1 !y ( c\rse introduc$
 ! dr9k into _! own c\ntry4 ,= a long "t
 x 0 v exp5sive & 0 n commonly us$      
outside ( ,spa91 = ! ,spani>ds kept !   
secret ( its prep>ation4  ,cocoa &      
*ocolate are products ( ! se$s ( a tree 
call$ ! cacao tree4 ,x is a tropical    
tree & gr[s 9 bo? ! ,old & ! ,new ,_w4  
,al?\gh ! cacao tree gr[s wild1 x is    
also cultivat$ 9 or*>ds mu* l fruit     
or*>ds :i* y h se54 ,! trees are seldom 
m ?an tw5ty feet high1 b !y are r incl9$
 to spread out4 ,!y require "s %ade1 & s
 o!r trees are (t5 plant$ betwe5 ! r[s  
to %ade !m4 ,! trees beg9 to be> :5 five
 or six ye>s old1 & cont9ue to yield =  
=ty ye>s4 ,!re are g5]ally two *ief     
h>ve/s ea* ye>1 b ! fruit is rip5+ all (
 ! "t4  ,! blossoms1 :i* gr[ 9 clu/]s1  
are small & p9k or yell[ 9 color4 ,!y   
gr[ directly f ! bran*es or ! trunk ( ! 

tree4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4             
#ci4--;,cocoa ,pods & ,leaves4          
7,p]mission ( ,,walt] ,,bak]  ,,co41    
,ltd47  ,9 ab\t f\r mon?s aft] ! tree   
has blossom$1 y w f9d d>k yell[ or br[n 
pods hang+ f x4 ,^! look a little l ripe
 cucumb]s1 b !y are m po9t$ at "o end & 
are groov$ or flut$4 ,^! pods are f six 
in*es to a foot or m 9 l5g?1 ) a r ?ick1
 t\gh r9d4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4        
#dj4--,native ,cocoa ,pick]s4 ,ceylon4  
7,p]mission ( ,,walt] ,,bak]  ,,co41    
,ltd47  ,h[ d y ?9k ! pods are ga!r$8   
,!y are cut (f by m5 c>ry+ long poles1  
sometimes ( bamboo1 to ! ends ( :i*     
knives are fa/5$4 ,only ! ripe pods are 
cut (f & collect$ 9 a heap "u ! tree4   
,!y are left 9 ^! heaps = ab\t tw5ty-f\r
 h\rs1 :5 !y are cut op5 & ! se$s are   
ga!r$ 9 baskets4  ,! se$s are call$     
beans4 ,!re are five r[s ( !m1 ab\t !   
size ( almonds1 )9 ! p9k pulp ( ! fruit4
 ,:5 fre% !y are :ite1 b :5 dri$ !y are 
br[n4 ,if y ta/e "o1 y w f9d x bitt]4   
,y h (t5 se5 on packages ( *ocolate1 z  

well z on ! cans ( breakfa/ cocoa1 !    
picture ( a "y woman c>ry+ "s *ocolate  
^u a tray4 ,x is ! picture ( a beautiful
 girl :o once s]v$ *ocolate 9 ! old city
 ( ,vi5na4 ,h] "n 0 ,anette ,baldauff1 &
 %e m>ri$ a ri* c\nt & liv$ happily ev] 
aft]4 ,x is said t a pa9t+ ( h] hangs ^u
 ! walls ( ! great art gall]y 9 ,dresd54
 ,po9t out ! cities ,i h m5tion$4  ,!   
se$s are c>ri$ f ! or*>d to ! %$s1 :]e  
!y are prep>$ = m>ket4 ,"h !y g ?r\gh a 
process ( f]m5tation or sweat+4 ,= ?is  
purpose !y are plac$ 9 a cov]$ box1 or  
!y may ev5 be cov]$ ) e>?4 ,?is is call$
 clay+4 ,n[ ! se$s mu/ be dri$4 ,!y are 
spread out on plat=ms1 rais$ a little   
above ! gr\nd1 s t ! air c circulate    
und]nea?4 ,y notice t ! ro(s d n cov] !m
 j n[1 = _! only purpose is to keep (f !
 dew & ! ra94 ,!y are fa/5$ to frames   
:i* h :eels "u !m4 ,dur+ ! day !y are n 
us$1 b at night !y are roll$ ov] !      
cocoa4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4            
#da4--;,dry+ ,cocoa ,se$4 ,ceylon4      
7,p]mission ( ,,walt] ,,bak]  ,,co41    

,ltd47  ,! cocoa is /irr$ by workm5 us+ 
long %ovels or rakes1 s t x may dry     
quickly & ev5ly4 ,once a day ! beans are
 %ovel$ into heaps & ! workm5 tread ^u  
!m ) _! b>e feet1 z y see4 ,?is is call$
 danc+ ! cocoa4  ,aft] ! se$s h dri$ =  
ab\t two weeks !y are ne>ly ! color ( r$
 bricks4 ,!y are put up = %ipm5t 9      
canvas sacks hold+ "o hundr$ & fifty    
p\nds ea*4 ,! "n ( ! plantation is      
usually /amp$ ^u ! outside4 ,guayaquil  
exports m cocoa ?an any o!r city4 ,f9d  
x4 ,a great deal comes f ! isl& (       
,tr9idad1 & f ! nor!rn "p ( ,s\?        
,am]ica4  ,:5 ! beans h rea*$ _!        
de/9ation1 !y mu/ be clean$1 to rid !m (
 du/ & dirt collect$ on ! way4 ,!y are  
!n plac$ 9 a great revolv+ cyl9d] &     
roa/$4 ,y rememb] t :5 c(fee is roa/$ x 
br+s out a pleasant odor call$ its      
aroma4 ,! same is true ( cocoa4 ,! roa/+
 also helps to loos5 a %ell :i* surr\nds
 ! se$4 ,! %ell is next remov$ & ! beans
 are !n cru%$4  ,! ,mexicans us$ to cru%
 ! se$s on a l>ge /one1 holl[$ out on   

top4 ,?is !y call$ a matate4            
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #db4--;,gr9d+      
,cocoa4  7,p]mission ( ,,walt] ,,bak]   
,,co41 ,ltd47  ,! cru%+ is n[ done by   
ma*9]y4 ,! brok5 bits ( ! cocoa are     
call$ cocoa nibs4 ,:5 ! cocoa is gr\nd  
to a p[d]1 x is put into /rong bags &   
press$4 ,?is pressure removes a "p ( an 
oily sub/ance kn[n z cocoa butt]4       
,rememb]1 !n1 t cocoa is ! meal or fl\r 
made f ! cru%$ se$s f :i* "s ( ! oil has
 be5 remov$4 ,*ocolate diff]s f cocoa 9 
t none ( ?is oil is remov$ 9 mak+ x4    
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dc4--,m\ld+       
,cocoa4  7,p]mission ( ,,walt] ,,bak]   
,,co41 ,ltd47  ,y h (t5 se5 ! words     
sweet *ocolate on ! labels4 ,?is is made
 by add+ a quantity ( pulv]iz$ sug> to !
 pla9 or bitt] *ocolate4 ,sometimes     
vanilla beans are add$4  ,illu/ration3  
,,fig4 #dd4--;,cool+ ,cocoa4            
7,p]mission ( ,,walt] ,,bak]  ,,co41    
,ltd47  ,! pa/y mass kn[n z *ocolate mu/
 be mold$4 ,:5 ! prop] am\nt has be5    
plac$ 9 ea* ( sev]al metal molds :i* re/

 on a table1 !y are made to rock or     
%ake1 & ?is causes ! *ocolate to assume 
! "r %ape4 ,! molds are !n tak5 to !    
cool+ room1 :]e !y are plac$ on frames1 
"o above ano!r1 9 long r[s4 ,girls &    
wom5 wrap ! cakes ( *ocolate 9 ! wrapp]s
 specially prep>$ = !m1 aft] :i* !y are 
pack$ 9 boxes ready = %ipm5t4  ,at      
,dor*e/]1 ,massa*usetts1 on ! ,neponset 
,riv]1 is situat$ ! l>ge/ e/abli%m5t = !
 manufacture ( cocoa & *ocolate 9       
,am]ica4 ,x is int]e/+ to "k t on ! v   
spot :]e ^! great mills n[ /&1 0 built1 
9 #agfe1 ! fir/ "o ( ! k9d 9 ?is c\ntry4
     ,a ,,cranb]ry ,,bog                
,,w>eham1 ,,massa*usetts1 ,dec4 #aj1    
#aija4  ,,de> ,,frank3 ,h[ surpris$ y w 
be to le>n t ,i am n[ a c\ntry boy4 ,we 
left ,bo/on e>ly la/ spr+1 & came out "h
 to g into ! bus9ess ( cranb]ry rais+4  
,x seem$ v /range at fir/ to travel     
along c\ntry roads1 or ?r\gh woods &    
fields1 in/ead ( ^u ! cem5t walks ( our 
city /reets1 b we all ?9k ! c\ntry      
delightful4  ,a cranb]ry f>m is a m>% or

 a bog1 s y w see t ! v9es ne$ a great  
deal ( wat]4 ,!re are bo? wild &        
cultivat$ bogs4 ,^? t are cultivat$ are 
provid$ ) a sy/em ( dit*es1 s t !y c be 
flood$ f "t to "t4 ,x is a good deal l  
irrigation 9 ,s\!rn ,cali=nia1 ,i       
suppose4 ,we flood ! bogs to prev5t !   
b]ries f freez+1 z well z to furni% !   
v9es ) wat]4 ,i w tell y m ab\t t by &  
by4  ,fa!r want$ a l>g] bog ?an ! "o he 
fir/ b\ght1 s1 soon aft] we came1 he got
 ano!r small piece ( m>% l& :i* jo9s x  
on ! we/1 & />t$ v9es on x4  ,y "k t    
will[s1 rosebu%es1 grapev9es1 & _m o!r  
plants w gr[ f cutt+s4 ,x is ! same )   
cranb]ry v9es4 ,! l[] end ( ea* cutt+ is
 press$ into ! soil1 & x soon beg9s to  
gr[4 ,!y are set 9 r[s ab\t f\rte5 in*es
 ap>t4 ,"o ( our neighbors1 :o 0 />t+ a 
bog at ! same "t1 cut ! v9es into pieces
 an in* or two long1 & scatt]$ !m ov] ! 
gr\nd4 ,he !n h>r[$ !m 94 ,! v9es       
multiply j z /rawb]ry plants d1 by putt+
 out runn]s4  ,!y tell u t our new bog w
 produce a crop 9 ?ree ye>s4 ,d y h to  

wait t long = a crop ( oranges8  ,by !  
middle ( ,june our bog 0 9 full blossom4
 ,! fl[]s are q small & _! color is a   
little l t ( ! fle%4 ,i read an int]e/+ 
?+ ab\t !m ! o!r day4 ,x seems t !      
b]ries us$ to be call$ craneb]ries1     
because p ?\ght t ! blossoms1 j be=e !y 
op5$ fully1 resembl$ ! neck1 head1 &    
bill ( a crane4 ,by dropp+ ! e1 we got !
 pres5t "n4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4       
#de4--;,a ,cranb]ry ,bog4 ,%[+ ! ,"y    
,v9es4  ,dur+ our h>ve/ "t1 :i* la/$ f !
 middle ( ,septemb] to ! la/ ( ,octob]1 
we 7 v busy4 ,we did n comm5ce to g to  
s*ool until ! b]ries 7 pick$4 ,y see1   
fro/ may occur & spoil ! crop1 s t      
ev]ybody works z fa/ z possible until ! 
h>ve/ is ov]4 ,fa!r _h ab\t tw5ty pick]s
 "s ( ! "t1 besides our own family4     
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #df4--;,cranb]ry   
,pick]s at ,"w4 ,notice h[ ! ,bog is    
divid$ into ,r[s by ,means ( ,cords4    
,:5 we 7 ready to beg9 pick+1 fa!r took 
"s tw9e & /ret*$ x back & =? across !   
bog1 fa/5+ x to small /akes4 ,?is divid$

 ! field into r[s4 ,ea* pick] 0 giv5 a  
r[1 & he 0 n all[$ to *ange until x 0   
f9i%$4  ,at fir/ x seem$ great fun to   
get d[n on ! gr\nd & /rip (f ! bright   
b]ries1 b :5 "o does ?is day aft] day x 
gets pretty tiresome4 ,x mu/ be easy to 
pick oranges1 because y c /& up :ile y  
"w4  ,fa!r paid ! pick]s twelve c5ts a  
pail4 ,x takes ab\t ?ree pailfuls to    
make a bu%el4 ,i av]ag$ ab\t "o doll> & 
a half ea* day4 ,i b\ght a suit ( clo!s 
& all ( my books = ! ye>1 & h           
consid]able money left4 ,"s ( ! pick]s  
:o 7 q small did n e>n v mu*4 ,d y      
recognize ,j5nie8 ,%e work$ a "p ( e    
day4  ,twice dur+ ! pick+ season !re 0 a
 %>p fro/1 b we sav$ ! crop4  ,!        
gov]nm5t s5ds out a ,wea!r ,map e day4  
,our tea*] gets "o1 & !re is "o tack$ up
 9 ! po/ (fice e morn+4 ,^! maps tell   
:at k9d ( wea!r to expect1 & fa!r wat*es
 !m closely4 ,:5 he saw t fro/ 0 likely 
to occur1 he & ! m5 op5$ ! gates :i*    
hold back ! wat]1 9 ord] to flood ! "p (
 ! bog :]e we _h n pick$4 ,! v9es 7     

buri$ ne>ly two feet b5ea? ! surface ( !
 wat]4 ,fa!r says ! wat] cools s sl[ly t
 its temp]ature is mu* above t ( !      
surface ( ! gr\nd or ! air ne> x1 s !   
b]ries d n get fro/-bitt54 ,soon aft]   
sunrise ! wat] 0 drawn (f1 & ! next day 
! bog 0 dry en\gh = ! pick]s to "w4     
,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dg4--;,a ,"y       
,work]4 ,notice h[ ! ,b]ries are pick$4 
,i wond] if ! ,wea!r ,bureau is ( any   
use to f>m]s 9 ,cali=nia4 ,i "k t !     
sailors wat* = ! flags :i* tell :5 /orms
 are com+1 t !y may n g to sea if a     
viol5t /orm is expect$4 ,fa!r says v _m 
lives & mu* prop]ty are sav$ e ye> 9 ?is
 way4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dh4--,w9n[+
 & ,b>rel+ ,cranb]ries4  ,i h n told y  
:at we d ) ! cranb]ries aft] !y are     
pick$4 ,( c\rse we _c help ga!r+ "s     
leaves & twigs ) ! b]ries1 & ^! mu/ be  
tak5 out4 ,= ?is purpose ! b]ries are   
put into a w9n[+ ma*9e4 ,i w s5d y a    
picture ( "o4 ,z ! man turns ! crank1   
wood5 fans )9 turn rapidly1 bl[+ out !  
leaves1 twigs1 & dirt4 ,! b]ries drop   

?r\gh a scre5 & run out ( a sp\t into a 
b>rel1 z y see4 ,we !n put !m into      
crates or b>rels = sale4 ,fa!r tells me 
t cranb]ries are %ipp$ f our c\ntry to  
,europe1 because ^? rais$ "h are mu*    
bett] ?an ! ,european b]ries4  ,!re are 
great quantities ( cranb]ries rais$ 9   
?is "p ( ,massa*usetts4 ,i h be5 read+  
lately t !y are produc$ 9 ,new ,j]sey1  
on ,long ,isl&1 9 ,mi*igan1 ,wiscons91  
,m9nesota1 ,canada1 & "s o!r sections4  
,f :at ,i h read1 ,i guess !y are n     
rais$ 9 ,s\!rn ,cali=nia4 ,w\ldn't x    
seem /range if y 7 to eat b]ries rais$  
on our bog1 ?ree ?\s& miles away8  ,n[  
,i want y to tell me ab\t ! orange      
groves ( ,s\!rn ,cali=nia1 = none ( u h 
ev] se5 an orange gr[+4  ,i wi% y all a 
v ,m]ry ,*ri/mas & a ,happy ,new ,ye>4  
,y\r lov+ fri5d1                        
,,w4     ,,! ,,cocoanut ,,isl&s ,,( ,,! 
,,pacific   ,imag9e y\rself on a great  
ocean /eam%ip1 glid+ ov] ! blue wat] ( !
 ,pacific ,ocean t[>d ! ,samoan ,isl&s4 
,among ! fir/ ?+s t y w see z y ne> !   

%ores ( ^! isl&s w be tall1 sl5d]1      
graceful trees1 ris+ )\t a bran* to a   
height ( ?irty to eighty feet4 ,at ! top
 is a sort ( cr[n1 compos$ ( long1      
droop+ leaves4 ,^! beautiful trees lean 
out ov] ! wat] & toss _! leaves 9 !     
/rong & /eady breeze f ! ocean4 ,!y seem
 to nod a fri5dly greet+ to y z y       
approa*1 & to wave a lov+ f>ewell to y z
 y sail away4 ,^! trees are ! cocoanut  
palms4 ,!y gr[ on all ( ! tropical isl&s
 ( ! ,pacific ,ocean1 9 ! ,we/ ,indies1 
& along ! %ores ( mo/ w>m c\ntries1 b   
nev] f> f ! sea4  ,:5 ! cocoanut falls  
into ! wat]1 x is rock$ & toss$ by !    
waves & drift$ ab\t by ! curr5ts1 b x is
 safe )9 its %ell1 = ! salt wat] _c     
p5etrate ?is4 ,:5 x f9ally comes to re/ 
^u "s /range %ore1 x is ready to give to
 ! _w ano!r cocoanut palm1 if ! climate 
is l t f :i* x sail$4 ,9 ?is way nature 
has help$ ! trees to become widely      
di/ribut$4  ,!re are cocoanut           
plantations z well z wild groves ( !    
trees4 ,:5 a plantation is to be        

e/abli%$1 ! plant] selects ! ripe/ nuts 
& dries !m = sev]al weeks4 ,!y are !n   
plant$1 & by & by a little palm spr+s f 
! small end ( ! nut & ! roots f ! l>ge  
end4 ,:5 ! "y trees are f six mon?s to  
two ye>s old1 !y are transplant$ 9 r[s  
?irty or =ty feet ap>t4 ,!y beg9 to be> 
nuts 9 ab\t five ye>s1 b !y d n yield a 
full crop = fifte5 or tw5ty ye>s4 ,d y  
?9k t a poor man c\ld af=d to g into !  
bus9ess ( cocoanut rais+8  ,illu/ration3
 ,,fig4 #di4--;,a ,cocoanut ,grove4  ,z 
y see 9 ! picture1 cocoanuts gr[ 9      
clu/]s4 ,y notice also t !y gr[ close to
 ! /em in/ead ( at ! ends ( ! bran*es4  
,!y d n all rip5 at once1 b nuts may be 
pick$ at almo/ any "t4 ,a tree w produce
 f fifty to "o hundr$ nuts ea* ye>4 ,if 
y 7 to g into an apple1 a pea*1 or a    
*]ry or*>d1 y c\ld easily pick ! ripe   
fruit4 ,ga!r+ cocoanuts is q a diff]5t  
matt]1 h[ev]4 ,let u obs]ve ?is         
%9y-sk9n$ ,samoan boy & see h[ he picks 
!m4 ,he fa/5s a %ort piece ( rope 9 ! =m
 ( a loop to ea* foot4 ,lett+ "o ( !    

loops cat* on a r\gh place on ! b>k ( ! 
tree he places ! holl[ ( 8 foot aga9/ x1
 clasps ! trunk ) 8 h&s1 & raises       
himself a little4 ,!n ! o!r loop is     
fa/5$ a little high] up1 & he raises    
himself aga94 ,9 ?is way he f9ally      
rea*es ! nuts4 ,) a knife he cuts (f !  
ripe ones1 :i* fall to ! gr\nd & are !n 
pil$ up4 ,!y are !n plac$ 9 baskets :i* 
are hung f a pole & c>ri$ on ! %\ld]s ( 
two m5 or are load$ on to donkeys & tak5
 to ! %$4  ,! ripe cocoanut is a        
valuable article ( food j z x is pick$ f
 ! tree4 ,x conta9s also a milk :i* is a
 n\ri%+ dr9k4 ,mo/ ( ! cocoanut s5t to  
o!r c\ntries1 h[ev]1 is 9 a =m kn[n z   
copra4  ,at ! %$ ! h>d %ell1 :i* cov]s !
 meat1 is split op5 by means ( an ax4 ,!
 meat is remov$ ) a knife & is !n spread
 out on mats to dry4 ,?is dri$ cocoanut 
is copra4  ,! inhabitants ( ^! cocoanut 
isl&s live 9 a mu* m simple /yle ?an we 
d1 & ! cocoanut tree supplies _m ( ! ?+s
 t !y use daily4  ,let u exam9e ! home (
 a native ,samoan4 ,! frame & po/s ( !  

h\se are made ( ! sl5d] trunks ( !      
cocoanut palm1 :ile ! ro( is cov]$ ) its
 leaves in/ead ( ) %+les4 ,! cups1 b[ls1
 dipp]s1 & _m o!r h\sehold ut5sils are  
made ( ! %ells4 ,if a :ole %ell is      
want$1 ! eyes are pu%$ 91 ! milk is us$1
 & ants are all[$ to eat ! meat4 ,^!    
make excell5t wat] bottles4 ,baskets1   
curta9s1 & tw9e1 are made f ! fib] ( !  
leaves1 & ! b>k is us$ = fuel4  ,f !    
copra an oil is press$ :i* is us$ 9 !   
manufacture ( soap4 ,x makes a p]fectly 
:ite soap t w float on ! wat]4 ,x is    
also us$ to furni% light1 & ! p rub x on
 _! bodies to prev5t sunburn4 ,! sap ( !
 tree is made into sug>1 v9eg>1 & a     
liquor4  ,:ile 9 our c\ntry ! cocoanut  
is important *iefly to bak]s &          
confection]s1 9 ^! f>-away isl&s x is ! 
mo/ useful ( plants1 & "o ( ! *ief      
articles ( food4 ,w\ld y n l to visit ! 
cocoanut isl&s & le>n m ( _! int]e/+ p8 
,a ,,bun* ,,( ,,bananas   ,e day1 z y   
walk along ! /reets y see great bun*es (
 bananas hang+ 9 front ( fruit & groc]y 

/ores4 ,y f9d !m at ! corn] fruit /&1 & 
p$dl]s c>ry !m f h\se to h\se4  ,al?\gh 
bananas are s common n[ & s *eap t all c
 af=d to eat !m1 ?is 0 n s :5 y\r       
gr&p>5ts 7 *ildr54 ,9 ^? days ! fruit 0 
reg>d$ z q a luxury1 = !re 7 few p      
engag$ 9 c>ry+ x f its tropical home to 
! cities ( our c\ntry4 ,n[ _m small b   
swift %ips1 call$ fruit]s1 c>ry on ?is  
bus9ess4 ,!y get _! c>goes ( fruit 9 !  
,we/ ,indies or ,c5tral ,am]ica1 & )9 a 
week aft] sail+ !y are unload+ at ,new  
,orleans1 ,baltimore1 ,new ,york1 or    
,bo/on4 ,if ! numb] ( bananas :i* rea*  
our c\ntry ea* ye> 7 equally di/ribut$1 
ea* p]son w\ld receive tw5ty-five4      
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ej4--;,a ,banana  
,tree4  ,let u get abo>d t wond]ful tra9
 ^u :i* all may travel free ( co/1 :i*  
runs equally well ^u l& & wat]4 ,we /ep 
(f "r 9 ! c5t] ( a banana plantation on 
! isl& ( ,jamaica4  ,yes1 ^! are banana 
trees all ab\t y4 ,see h[ long & broad !
 leaves are & h[ gracefully !y droop6   
,"s ( !m are t5 or fifte5 feet long2    

almo/ z long z ! trees are tall4 ,!     
trees1 y see1 are simply /alks f :i* !  
leaves unroll4 ,"h y c see "s j />t+    
out4 ,!y are rolls ( bright gre51 po9t+ 
upw>d1 ea* />t+ f ! c5t] ( ! /alk4 ,no1 
! leaves 7 n torn 9 t way by ! pick]s4  
,! w9d sometimes :ips !m into ribbons1 =
 !y are v t5d]4  ,^! /alks gr[+ f ! base
 ( ! ma9 /em are call$ suck]s "h2 9     
,co/a ,rica !y are call$ bits4 ,y       
rememb] t !re are no se$s 9 bananas4 ,x 
is ^! suck]s t are plant$ :5 a f>m]     
wants to />t a plantation4 ,!y are set  
out :5 two or ?ree feet high & )9 a ye> 
!y be> fruit4 ,:at did ,i tell y ab\t ! 
l5g? ( "t requir$ = ! cocoanut to be>8  
,x is b f\r ye>s s9ce ! trees 9 ?is     
plantation 7 s+le suck]s1 /&+ ab\t      
fifte5 feet ap>t4 ,n[ !re are sev]al    
/alks gr\p$ ab\t ea* p>5t plant1 & !    
beautiful leaves1 t\*+ ov]head1 =m %ad$ 
aisles ( gre54  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4    
#ea4--;,a ,banana ,plantation4  ,( c\rse
 a great numb] ( suck]s are n all[$ to  
gr[ toge!r4 ,keep+ ^! cut d[n is call$  

clean+ ! plantation4  ,n[ let u exam9e !
 fruit on ?is tree beside u4 ,y see t ! 
great clu/] or bun* is made up ( small] 
bun*es4 ,^! are call$ h&s1 & ea* banana 
is spok5 ( z a f+]4 ,let u c\nt ! h&s 9 
?is bun*4 ,?is is an unusually l>ge "o1 
= x conta9s ?irte54 ,n9e h&s make a full
 bun*4 ,z y see1 !re are f t5 to tw5ty  
f+]s 9 a h&4 ,buy]s w seldom take bun*es
 ( less ?an six h&s4  ,"h come ! fruit  
cutt]s to help get a c>go = ! fruit] we 
saw at an*or4  ,yes1 ! bananas are gre51
 ,i "k1 & !y are always gre5 :5 ga!r$4  
,!y w rip5 9 ! /oreh\ses :5 !y rea* !   
,unit$ ,/ates4  ,no1 x is n a wa/e to   
cut d[n ! /alks1 = !y die aft] be>+ _!  
fruit1 & ! small] /alks ab\t !m w soon  
yield4 ,"s ( ^! /alks1 y see1 h b "o    
bun* & "s h two or ?ree4 ,h[ odd !      
bun*es look ) ! f+]s all po9t+ upw>d6   
,! banana leaves :i* ! m5 are wrapp+    
ab\t ! bun*es are to protect ! fruit4 ,x
 bruises v easily & great quantities are
 lo/ on ?is acc\nt4 ,!y are n always    
wrapp$1 h[ev]4  ,:5 ! fruit rea*es !    

vessel1 x is c>efully inspect$2 & if n 9
 j ! "r condition1 x is refus$4 ,!      
bun*es :i* are accept$1 are tak5 into ! 
hold ( ! %ip & pack$ closely toge!r4 ,! 
plant] receives = ^! f t5 to ?irty-five 
c5ts a bun*4 ,j ?9k ( buy+ eight or n9e 
doz5 ( bananas = t5 c5ts6  ,illu/ration3
 ,,fig4 #eb4--,load+ a ,small ,boat )   
,bananas to be tak5 to ! ,fruit] 9 !    
,h>bor4  ,! m5 w n /op "w until ! %ip is
 load$4 ,x may take tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 & x 
may take twice t long1 = a fruit] w c>ry
 f fifte5 to tw5ty ?\s& bun*es ( fruit4 
,9 "s p>ts ( ,c5tral ,am]ica1 :]e !re   
are no h>bors1 ! plant]s float ! fruit  
d[n ! /reams 9 canoes4 ,! vessels an*or 
at "s di/ance f ! %ore1 & ! bananas are 
tak5 out 9 boats call$ dories4 ,!y are  
hoi/$ up to ! deck ( ! %ip by means (   
pulleys1 & !n pack$ 9 ! hold4 ,! ?\s&s (
 bun*es :i* are bruis$ 9 h&l+ are ?r[n  
into ! sea4  ,:ile ! nor!rn ports get   
mo/ ( _! supply ( bananas f ! ,we/      
,indies1 ! ,pacific coa/ /ates are      
suppli$ f ,c5tral ,am]ica4 ,! fruit]s   

unload at ,new ,orleans into tra9s1 :i* 
c>ry ! fruit to ,los ,angeles1 ,san     
,francisco1 & o!r places4 ,banana tra9s 
also run f ,new ,orleans to ,/4 ,l\is1  
,*icago1 & o!r p>ts ( ! c\ntry4  ,!     
fruit %ips h great pipes or v5tilators1 
:i* c>ry ! cool1 fre% air f ! sea d[n   
into ! hold4 ,sometimes :5 !y rea* port 
x is s cold t ! bananas _c be tak5 out =
 a few days4 ,wagons are load$ ) ! fruit
 at ! :>ves1 & x is tak5 to w>eh\ses :]e
 x gradually turns yell[4 ,i am sure y h
 se5 loads ( ! gre5 fruit on ! /reets4  
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ec4--;,a ,fruit]  
tak+ a ,c>go ( ,bananas4  ,:5 ! :olesale
 m]*ant sells ! fruit1 he (t5 incloses  
ea* bun* 9 ! r\gh mat]ial ( :i* gunny   
sacks are made1 & !n puts a light1      
circul> frame1 made ( /rips ( wood1 ov] 
x4 ,?is1 y see1 protects ! bananas4 ,!  
groc] or fruit man takes hold ( ! frame 
)\t dang] ( ma%+ ! fruit1 lifts ! bun*1 
& hangs x ^u a hook4 ,! frame & sack+   
are !n remov$4  ,bananas gr[ 9 !        
tropical p>ts ( ,asia & ,africa & on _m 

( ! isl&s ( ! ,pacific ,ocean4 ,!y are  
also rais$ 9 ,florida1 & !y rip5 9      
%elt]$ places 9 ,s\!rn ,cali=nia4  ,y h 
se5 bo? yell[ & r$ bananas4 ,! r$ ones  
usually br+ ! high] price1 b !y d n keep
 well & are n s ext5sively rais$ z !    
yell[ ones4  ,! banana is an important  
article ( food4 ,x is mu* m n\ri%+ ?an  
potatoes or ev5 good1 :ite bread4 ,a    
fl\r or meal c be made f ! fruit by dry+
 x & !n gr9d+4     ,,h[ ,,dates ,,gr[   
,?ree ?\s& ye>s be=e ! %eph]ds foll[$ ! 
/> to ! mang] at ,be?lehem1 ! beautiful 
date palm 0 cultivat$ beside ! banks ( !
 ,euphrates & ! ,nile riv]s4 ,! date 0 !
 bread ( ! p :o liv$ 9 ^! f]tile        
valleys1 & x is an important article (  
food 9 nor!rn ,africa1 ,arabia1 & ,p]sia
 to-day4  ,look at a map ( nor!rn       
,africa1 & y w see t ! great ,sah>a     
cov]s a l>ge "p ( x4 ,"h & !re across ! 
drift+ s&s w9d c>avan r\tes1 travel$ by 
camels ridd5 by /rangely dress$ m54 ,^! 
r\tes lead to beautiful g>d5 spots call$
 oases4 ,"h are wells & spr+s1 ) little 

/reams fl[+ 9 ! %ade ( fig1 date palm1 &
 o!r trees4 ,! p :o dwell )9 ^! groves  
beside ! cool+ wat]s look out ^u ! des]t
 z ! inhabitants ( an isl& might look ^u
 ! b\ndless sea4 ,f9d "s ( ^! oases &   
le>n :y !y are f]tile4 ,! p :o live 9 ^!
 oases dep5d ^u dates = _! liv+4 ,!     
dre>y j\rney f ! coa/ to ! int]ior is   
made to procure quantities ( ?is fruit1 
:i* are want$ by ! outside _w4  ,if y 7 
to make a j\rney 9 a des]t c\ntry1 y    
w\ld f9d t y c\ld n c>ry su* articles ( 
food z y w\ld h if y rema9$ at home4 ,! 
sun%9e beats d[n fi]cely1 ! spr+s &     
wells are f> ap>t1 & ! pati5t animals   
mu/ n be ov]load$4 ,! *ief article (    
food c>ri$ is ! date4 ,a mass is pack$  
toge!r until x is s h>d t pieces are    
*opp$ (f ) a hat*et :5 !y are want$4  ,l
 ! cocoanut palm1 ! date palm rises to a
 great height1 sometimes fifty or sixty 
feet1 )\t bran*es4 ,x ends 9 a cr[n (   
beautiful fea!ry leaves :i* droop       
d[nw>d4 ,^! leaves may be t5 or fifte5  
feet long4 ,_m ( !m /& edgewise4 ,unlike

 mo/ trees1 ! trunk does n /eadily      
increase 9 size1 & y c tell no?+ z to ! 
age ( ! tree by its diamet]4            
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ed4--;,date ,palms
 load$ ) ,ripe ,fruit1 ,biskra1 ,alg]ia4
 7,ye> ,book ,u4 ,s4 ,dep>tm5t (        
,agriculture1 #aijj47  ,9 its wild /ate 
_m %oots spr+ f ! base ( ! tree4 ,^! may
 gr[ z high z ! p>5t /alk1 s t 9 "t a   
jungle or ?icket is =m$4  ,! fl[]s1 :i* 
are cle> :ite1 gr[ 9 clu/]s4 ,!re are f 
six to tw5ty ( ^! clu/]s on a tree1 ea* 
( :i* produces a bun* ( dates4 ,! female
 tree be>s ! fruit4 ,! blossoms are     
poll9at$ bo? by ! w9d & by man4  ,!re   
are f t5 to fifte5 p\nds ( dates 9 a    
bun*4 ,a tree w av]age f "o hundr$ to   
two hundr$ p\nds ea* ye>1 al?\gh trees h
 be5 kn[n to yield six hundr$ p\nds4 ,! 
trees yield :5 f f\r to eight ye>s old1 
& cont9ue to be> = a c5tury4  ,! dates1 
gre5 at fir/1 lat] 9 ! ye> a yell[i%    
br[n1 are1 :5 ripe1 amb] or black 9     
color4  ,! trees require a v dry1 hot   
climate1 b moi/ soil4 ,long1 long ago1  

?is say+ 0 common among ! ,arabs1 ,!    
date palm1 ! que5 ( trees1 mu/ h h] feet
 9 runn+ wat] & h] head 9 ! burn+ sky4  
,al?\gh !re are lovely date palm trees  
on ! gr\nds ( _m ,cali=nia homes1 few ( 
!m be> fruit4 ,! temp]ature mu/ av]age f
 eighty to n9ety degrees = a consid]able
 "t 9 ! summ]1 9 ord] to mature x4 ,:at 
is ! av]age summ] temp]ature 9 y\r      
locality8  ,if an ord9>y tree is        
fro/-bitt51 x recov]s & soon puts out a 
new gr[?2 b if ! cr[n ( ! date palm be  
froz51 ! tree dies4  ,:5 ! ,moors w5t to
 ,spa91 9 ! elev5? c5tury1 !y introduc$ 
?is valuable tree :i* ! mission fa!rs   
sev]al hundr$ ye>s lat] br\ght to       
,mexico & to ,s\!rn ,cali=nia4  ,h[ w\ld
 y l to try to climb a date palm tree8  
,al?\gh !y look s smoo? & are )\t       
bran*es1 ! natives ( ! des]t climb !m   
)\t any help :atev]4 ,! trunk is always 
some:at r\gh1 & ?is makes x possible to 
asc5d !m4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4         
#ee4--;,date ,palm ,trees4  ,n all ( !  
dates 9 a bun* rip5 at once1 s !y are   

usually pick$ by h& & only ! ripe ones  
select$4 ,sometimes1 h[ev]1 ! bun*es are
 cut (f4 ,"s dates conta9 s mu* sap t ! 
bun*es mu/ be hung up to all[ x to dra9 
(f be=e !y c be %ipp$4 ,?is sap is call$
 date honey1 & is sav$4 ,!y are s5t to !
 coa/ t[ns 9 bags or boxes call$ frails4
 ,:]e dates are to be sold 9 small      
quantities1 !y are repack$ 9 ! small    
boxes su* z y h se54  ,y "k t dates are 
v sweet1 & x is no wond] t !y are1 = !y 
conta9 f fifty-five to sixty p] c5t (   
sug>4  ,! trees are (t5 tapp$1 & ! sap  
:i* fl[s out is made into sug>4 ,v9eg> &
 a liquor call$ arrack are also made f  
x4 ,! leaves ( ! tree are made into bags
 & mats2 f ! /ones a dr9k is made :i*   
takes ! place ( c(fee4 ,f ! leaf/alks   
baskets are made1 :ile ! trunk furni%es 
mat]ial = h\ses & = f5ces4  ,if ! dates 
c\ld speak1 !y c\ld tell u _m wond]ful  
/ories ( ! f> ,ea/1 ( ! riv] boats on ! 
,nile1 ( ! drift+ s&s :i* come s close  
to ! riv]'s banks1 ( ! c>avans creep+   
ov] ! des]t t[>d ! gre5 oases & !n fad+ 

out ( sight1 be>+ loads ( ?is food to ! 
c\ntries :]e x is n produc$4     ,,!    
,,orange ,,groves ,,( ,,s\!rn ,,cali=nia
                                        
,,pasad5a1 ,,cali=nia1 ,jan4 #d1 #aijb4 
,,de> ,,fri5d ,,w3 ,i 0 v glad to       
receive y\r lett]1 & mu* surpris$ to "k 
t y are liv+ on a f>m4 ,i am glad t y   
describ$ ! rais+ ( cranb]ries1 = ,i did 
n "k mu* ab\t x be=e4 ,:5 ,i told my    
tea*] ab\t gett+ ! lett]1 %e ask$ me to 
read x 9 ! geography class & to %[ !    
pictures4 ,i ask$ our groc]y-man :]e he 
gets 8 cranb]ries1 & f\nd t "s ( !m came
 f ,w>eham4  ,y are hav+ cold wea!r n[1 
,i "k4 ,is ! skat+ good8 ,i h n se5 ice 
z ?ick z w9d[ glass s9ce we came to     
,cali=nia1 except t deliv]$ by ! iceman4
 ,j n[ !re is a beautiful cov]+ ( sn[ on
 ! m\nta9s a few miles nor? & ea/ ( t[n4
 ,j ?9k ( pick+ roses & callas ) sn[ 9  
pla9 sight6 ,! sn[ nev] rema9s m ?an a  
day or two on ^! m\nta9s4  ,soon aft] we
 came to ,pasad5a1 fa!r b\ght an orange 
grove ( tw5ty-five acres4 ,we are pick+ 

! fruit n[4 ,p began to pick oranges    
sev]al weeks ago1 & ! "w w cont9ue all  
w9t]4  ,orange trees are plant$ ab\t    
tw5ty feet ap>t1 b ! groves d n look z  
apple or*>ds d 9 ! ,ea/1 = no grass is  
all[$ to gr[ 9 !m4  ,! be/ orange       
section is ea/ ( "h1 ne> ,r$l&s &       
,riv]side1 b "s good fruit is rais$ ne> 
,pasad5a also4  ,fa!r keeps our trees   
prun$ d[n r l[1 s t x is easi] to pick !
 oranges ?an x w\ld be if !y 7 all[$ to 
gr[ v tall4  ,orange rais+ is l cranb]ry
 gr[+ 9 "o way--! l& mu/ be irrigat$ 9  
ea* case4 ,"h ! wat] is pip$ f ! m\nta9 
/reams & f tunnels4 ,we =m bas9s ab\t t5
 feet squ>e ar\nd ea* tree & fill !m )  
wat]4 ,mo/ ( our irrigat+ is done dur+ !
 summ]1 z ! w9t] is our ra9y season4 ,y 
w\ld n call x a v ra9y "t4 ,our av]age  
is ab\t tw5ty in*es = ! :ole ye>4  ,!   
trees 9 our grove h be5 set out ab\t six
 ye>s1 & !y are be>+ nicely n[4 ,orange 
trees beg9 to be> :5 !y are f\r ye>s    
old2 s1 y see1 we h to wait a little    
long] = a crop ?an y d = a crop (       

cranb]ries4 ,x co/s a good deal to />t  
an orange grove4 ,trees co/ f "o doll>  
to "o & "o-half doll>s ea* at !         
nurs]ies4 ,a few ye>s ago !y sold =     
tw5ty c5ts ea*4  ,i wi% t y c\ld see !  
trees :5 !y are 9 full blossom1 & also  
:5 !y are load$ ) ! gold5 fruit4 ,i am  
go+ to put "s orange blossoms into !    
envelope1 b ,i am afraid !y w n rea* y 9
 v good condition4 ,!y are v fragrant1 &
 y c smell _! p]fume "s di/ance f a tree
 9 blossom4  ,to-day we pick$ ab\t two  
hundr$ & fifty boxes ( oranges4 ,we     
always speak ( pick+ !m1 al?\gh !y are n
 pick$1 b cut4 ,y see1 if !y 7 pick$ (f1
 ! "p :]e ! /em pull$ (f w\ld soon beg9 
to decay4  ,we take a wagon load ( fruit
 boxes1 &1 :ile fa!r drives sl[ly betwe5
 ! r[s ( trees1 ,i ?r[ !m (f4           
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ef4--,pick+       
,oranges 9 ,cali=nia4  ,ea* pick] c>ries
 a sack slung ov] "o %\ld]1 & z fa/ z he
 cuts (f an orange1 he drops x into !   
sack4 ,! sacks are empti$ into ! boxes1 
& ^! are load$ on to ! wagon4 ,fa!r pays

 five c5ts a box = pick+1 & a good pick]
 w ga!r ab\t =ty boxes 9 a day4  ,we    
sell mo/ ( our oranges to fruit         
companies4 ,^! companies pack & %ip !   
fruit4 ,at ! pack+ h\ses ! oranges are  
plac$ 9 tubs ( wat] & scrubb$ ) small   
bru%es4 ,_m wom51 girls1 & boys "w at   
?is4 ,! wa%+ is to take (f dirt1 & also 
scale4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4            
#eg4--;,grad+ & ,pack+ ,oranges4  ,aft] 
! oranges are wa%$1 !y are plac$ 9 a    
sort ( tr\gh :i* is highe/ at ! end ne> 
! tub4 ,!y roll d[n ?is tr\gh to !      
grad]4 ,?is is a ma*9e s arrang$ t !    
oranges pass ?r\gh diff]5t op5+s accord+
 to _! size1 & come out sort$4  ,9 !    
w>eh\se close by !y are wrapp$ & pack$4 
,*9am5 (t5 d ?is "w4 ,ea* orange is     
wrapp$ 9 a sep>ate piece ( pap]1 :i* has
 ! br& ( ! company /amp$ ^u x4 ,x is !n 
pack$ firmly 9 a box4 ,a c]ta9 numb] (  
oranges ( ea* grade fill a box1         
n9ety-six ( ! l>ge/ grade1 & ab\t two   
hundr$ ( ! smalle/4 ,^? :i* are too     
small1 z well z ! imp]fect oranges1 are 

reject$4 ,^! are call$ culls4 ,sometimes
 ^! are sold = a l[ price1 & sometimes  
!y are ?r[n away by wagon loads4  ,aft] 
! boxes are fill$1 !y are plac$ 9       
special fruit c>s & hurri$ to ,/4 ,l\is1
 ,*icago1 ,new ,york1 ,bo/on1 & o!r     
cities4  ,yes1 ! ,wea!r ,bureau is (    
great help to fruit gr[]s4 ,( c\rse we h
 v little w9t] "h1 b oranges w n endure 
mu* cold4 ,! m]cury falls bel[ ! freez+ 
po9t b a few times ea* season4 ,on ,new 
,ye>'s ,day ! temp]ature "h 0           
fifty-eight degrees4 ,i look$ up !      
,bo/on temp]ature = ! same day & f\nd t 
x 0 only f\r degrees above z]o4 ,:5 !   
,bureau pr$icts a %>p freeze1 ! f>m]s   
build small fires 9 _! or*>ds1 or turn  
on a good deal ( wat]4 ,! fires are     
built 9 small wire baskets4 ,!y make a  
smudge in/ead ( a flame4 ,! p 9 ! rais9 
di/ricts wat* ! wea!r reports pretty    
closely1 = ra9 injures ! dry+ grapes4   
,gr[]s h to spray or fumigate ! trees to
 de/roy ! scale t ,i spoke ( :i* is a   
great enemy ( ! orange1 to kill !       

insects1 & to wa% (f dirt4 ,?is is      
sometimes done by putt+ a great piece ( 
canvas ov] ! tree1 =m+ a sort ( t5t :i* 
prev5ts ! fumes f escap+4 ,x 0 f\nd t ! 
ladybugs w\ld eat ! scale & s !y 7      
br\ght into ,cali=nia f ! ,ea/4 ,!y d a 
great deal ( good1 b /ill we h to spray 
! trees4  ,orange trees are rais$ f !   
se$1 & ! trees produc$ 9 ?is way are    
call$ se$l+s4 ,by budd+1 a fruit mu*    
bett] ?an ! oranges gr[n on ! se$l+ tree
 has be5 produc$4 ,!re 7 five acres (   
se$l+s 9 our grove1 & fa!r budd$ !      
trees4 ,he cut (f ! limbs r close to !  
trunk ( ! tree4 ,!n he slipp$ buds f    
navel trees into cuts made ?r\gh ! b>k 9
 ! end ( ea* limb left on ! tree4 ,he !n
 w\nd cord tightly ab\t ! limb & put on 
"s wax4 ,aft] a "t a new gr[? />t$ out  
:]e ^! buds 7 plac$4 ,^! new bran*es w  
be> mu* improv$ fruit4  ,we h a v f9e   
v>iety ( oranges call$ ,wa%+ton ,navels4
 ,trees ( ?is v>iety 7 obta9$ by our    
gov]nm5t f ,brazil4 ,two ( ^! 7 br\ght  
to ,riv]side1 a t[n ab\t sev5ty-five    

miles ea/ ( ,pasad5a1 & plant$ on a ran*
 belong+ to a ,mr4 ,tibbits4 ,!y did    
well1 & all ( ! trees ( ?is v>iety 9    
,s\!rn ,cali=nia 7 obta9$ f ^! two ?r\gh
 budd+4 ,^! trees are /ill liv+4        
,cali=nia & ,florida are ! two important
 orange-gr[+ /ates ( our c\ntry4 ,fa!r  
says ! indu/ry is mu* old] 9 ,florida   
?an 9 our /ate4 ,florida gr[]s c %ip _! 
fruit to m>ket mu* *eap] ?an we c4 ,x   
co/s u n9ety c5ts = ea* box4  ,mexico1 !
 ,we/ ,indies1 ,italy1 s\!rn ,france1 & 
,spa9 are also orange produc]s4 ,^!     
c\ntries h ! advantage ( *eap labor1    
fa!r says4  ,i wi% t y c\ld visit u4 ,we
 w\ld h f9e times1 ,i am sure4  ,! next 
"t ,i write ,i w tell y ab\t "s ( ! o!r 
fruits rais$ 9 ,cali=nia4               
,y\r s9c]e fri5d1                       
,,frank4     ,a ,,visit ,,to ,a ,,v9ey>d
                                        
,,pasad5a1 ,,cali=nia1 ,oct4 #a1 #aijb4 
,,de> ,,fri5d ,,w3 ,la/ week fa!r w5t to
 ,fresno1 :i* is ab\t ?ree hundr$ miles 
nor?we/ ( "h1 9 ! ,san ,joaqu9 valley4  

,he took me ) him1 & we visit$ "s ( !   
great v9ey>ds & rais9-pack+ e/abli%m5ts 
ne> & 9 t city4  ,rais9s are simply dri$
 grapes4 ,al?\gh !re are _m c\ntries :]e
 grapes gr[1 !re are few :]e rais9s are 
made4 ,dew1 fog1 & ra9 injure ! fruit1 s
 t ! ,san ,joaqu9 valley1 ) its dry1 hot
 atmosph]e1 is well adapt$ to ?is       
indu/ry4  ,!re are a great _m diff]5t   
k9ds ( grapes b only ! gre5 v>iety is   
us$ 9 mak+ rais9s4 ,! rais9 grapes are  
call$ muscats4 ,if ! grapes are left on 
! v9es long en\gh1 !y become rais9s4 ,i 
h pick$ "s pretty good rais9s f ! v9es4 
,( c\rse by be+ spread out1 !y dry      
quick] & m ev5ly4  ,! sug> t y f9d on & 
9 ! rais9s is n put !re by ! p :o dry ! 
grapes4 ,x comes f ! juice ( ! grape4   
,grapev9es gr[ f bo? roots & cutt+s4 ,( 
c\rse cutt+s are ! *eap]4 ,(t5 !y may be
 _h = ! ask+4 ,_m ?9k t x is bett] to   
set out root$ v9es ?an cutt+s4  ,!y are 
plant$ 9 r[s f six feet ap>t to twelve  
or fifte5 feet4 ,dur+ ! fir/ ye> ! "y   
v9es w gr[ sev]al feet4 ,9 ! fall1 :5 ! 

fl[ ( ! sap has be5 *eck$ by fro/1 !    
v9es are prun$4 ,a v9ey>d 9 ,cali=nia   
looks q diff]5t f "o 9 ! ,ea/4 ,dur+ !  
w9t] x is simply s _m r[s ( /umps sev]al
 in*es 9 ?ickness & "o or two feet high4
 ,dur+ ! summ] ! bran*es gr[ f ^! /umps 
& produce _! beautiful clu/]s ( grapes1 
only to be cut (f 9 ! fall or w9t]4  ,! 
trimm+s are g5]ally burn$ 9 ! v9ey>d at 
! same "t t !y are cut (f4 ,a sort (    
furnace made ( %eet iron is fa/5$ betwe5
 two :eels & drawn by horses up & d[n   
betwe5 ! r[s4 ,a man pit*es ! cutt+s    
into x1 & !y burn z x moves along4  ,9 !
 e>ly summ] m5 g ?r\gh ! v9ey>ds spr9kl+
 a coat+ ( sulphur on ! v9es4 ,?is is to
 prev5t mildew1 :i* damages ! fruit v   
mu*4  ,dur+ ! la/ half ( ,augu/ &       
,septemb] ! grapes are pick$4 ,sometimes
 ! h>ve/ cont9ues into ,octob]4 ,mo/ ( !
 grapes _h be5 ga!r$ :5 we visit$ !     
v9ey>ds4  ,:5 ! juice ( ! grapes is "o  
f\r? sug>1 !y are ready to pick4 ,! gr[]
 g5]ally tells ! condition by ! ta/e &  
color ( ! fruit1 al?\gh !re are         

in/rum5ts = det]m9+ ! am\nt ( sug>4  ,l 
oranges1 grapes are cut f ! v9es & n    
pick$4 ,we saw great companies ( ,*9am5 
go+ ?r\gh ! v9ey>ds cutt+ (f ! beautiful
 clu/]s4 ,^! !y plac$ on %all[1 wood5   
trays to dry4 ,9 a week or two1 :5 !    
upp] side ( ! clu/]s is pretty well     
dri$1 ! grapes are turn$4 ,we saw !     
workm5 place an empty tray1 upside d[n1 
ov] ! fill$ "o4 ,!n1 hold+ ! two toge!r1
 !y turn$ !m ov]1 & ! grapes dropp$ into
 ! tray t _h be5 plac$ on top4          
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eh4--,pick+       
,grapes4--,notice ! ,m\nta9s 9 !        
,backgr\nd4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4       
#ei4--;,dry+ ,rais9 ,grapes4  ,dur+ ?is 
dry+ "t ! p wat* ! reports ( ! ,wea!r   
,bureau4 ,9 "s places flags are display$
 :5 ra9 is expect$4 ,z a rule ! grape   
season is ov] be=e ! ra9s beg94  ,:5 !  
grapes are tak5 f ! trays1 !y are plac$ 
9 boxes hold+ ab\t "o hundr$ p\nds ea*4 
,^! are call$ sweat boxes4 ,"h ! drie/  
grapes absorb "s ( ! moi/ure f ! o!rs1 &
 ! mass becomes m uni=m4  ,illu/ration3 

,,fig4 #fj4--;,a ,v9ey>d aft] be+       
,prun$4  ,aft] ! dry+ process has be5   
f9i%$1 ! /ems are r brittle4 ,to make !m
 s(t] & easi] to h&le1 ! grapes are next
 plac$ 9 a cool room & left !re = a "t4 
,aft] visit+ "s ( ! v9ey>ds1 we drove to
 "o ( ! great pack+ e/abli%m5ts 9       
,fresno4 ,^! pack+ h\ses are ne>ly      
always 9 ! cities & t[ns1 because !re   
help c be easily obta9$4 ,! pack+ h\se t
 we visit$ employs f\r hundr$ p1 mo/ly  
girls & wom54  ,! rais9s are fir/ plac$ 
on wood5 or metal frames ! size ( a     
rais9 box4 ,^! are call$ =ms1 & ! pack]s
 are paid accord+ to ! numb] ( =ms      
fill$4 ,:5 ^! are fill$1 ! rais9s are   
c>efully transf]r$ to ! boxes4  ,a box (
 rais9s weighs tw5ty p\nds1 b !re are   
half boxes & qu>t] boxes put up also4 ,a
 pap] is plac$ on ! bottom ( ea* box1 & 
ov] ! rais9s ano!r is plac$4 ,on top (  
?is !re is a fancy pap] on :i* ! "n ( ! 
pack] is /amp$4  ,9 mo/ e/abli%m5ts !re 
are ?ree grades ( rais9s1 ,imp]ial      
,clu/]s1 ,london ,lay]s1 & ! loose &    

imp]fect /ems4  ,sometimes a second crop
 ( grapes is ga!r$ a little lat] 9 !    
fall4 ,( c\rse ^! d n dry s well because
 ! days are %ort]1 x is cool]1 & ra9s   
sometimes occur4 ,on ?is acc\nt !y are  
dipp$ 9 lye & !n r9s$ 9 wat]4 ,! lye    
cracks ! sk91 & s ! juice evaporates m  
quickly4 ,^! are call$ ,val5cia rais9s4 
,!re is n a v good m>ket = ^!1 s t p d n
 dip !m s commonly n[ z !y us$ to4  ,we 
saw ! ma*9e :]e ! rais9s are /emm$4 ,!y 
pass f a hopp] into a space betwe5 two  
wov5-wire cyl9d]s4 ,! inn] "o revolves  
)9 ! o!r4 ,9 ?is way ! rais9s are brok5 
f ! /ems4 ,!y are !n run ?r\gh a fann+  
mill :i* cleans !m1 & !y are f9ally     
grad$ by pass+ ?r\gh scre5s hav+ op5+s (
 diff]5t sizes4  ,mo/ ( ! se$less rais9s
 are made f se$less grapes1 b !re are   
ma*9es = remov+ ! se$s f ! grapes :i*   
conta9 !m4  ,! sup]9t5d5t ( ! pack+ h\se
 said t ne>ly all ( ! rais9s t we import
 come f ,spa91 & t !y are export$ *iefly
 f ! city ( ,malaga4  ,! purple & o!r   
w9e grapes are tak5 to ! w9]ies & sold  

by ! ton1 to be made into w9e4  ,!re are
 _m o!r ?+s t ,i %\ld l to write ab\t1 b
 my lett] is a pretty long "o n[1 s ,i w
 close4                                 
,y\r lov+ fri5d1                        
,,frank4     ,,nutt+   ,h y ev] gone    
into ! woods on a beautiful autumn day8 
,! bright1 w>m sun%9e floods ! e>? :]e !
 trees are f> ap>t & sifts d[n ?r\gh !  
bran*es4 ,all nature seems to invite y  
to lie d[n "u a tree & dream4 ,x 0 on   
su* a day t ,rip ,van ,w9kle fell into 8
 long sleep4  ,h[ pretty ! trees look 9 
_! fall suits ( yell[1 crimson1 r$1 &   
br[n6 ,:at a ru/l+ is made z y\r feet   
tread ! c>pet ( leaves6  ,! breezes pass
 among ! bran*es & :isp] a message to ! 
bright-color$ leaves4 ,!y und]/& & obey4
 ,s+ly1 9 gr\ps1 & 9 %[]s1 !y sil5tly   
float d[nw>d4 ,by night & by day !y     
fall1 b soon ?is c>pet w be *ang$ = "o (
 :ite4  ,li/56 ,! leaves are n ! only   
?+s t are fall+4 ,y c he> ! ?ump1 ?ump (
 nuts z !y drop f _! l(ty p]*es 9 !     
walnut & hickory-nut trees4  ,sit d[n   

quietly on t log & y w soon see ! busy  
nut ga!r]s4 ,) _! tails curl$ ov] _!    
backs1 !y race up & d[n ! trees1 or spr+
 f bran* to bran*1 c>ry+ _! preci\s     
burd5s to _! homes 9 ! holl[s ( trunk or
 limb4 ,n[ "o sits up /raight1 hold+ a  
nut betwe5 8 paws1 & turn+ x sl[ly z he 
cracks & eats x4 ,if he sees y1 he :isks
 out ( sight1 or scolds y f a safe place
 f> above ! gr\nd4  ,:5 ! w9t] w9ds are 
:i/l+ ?r\gh ! leafless trees1 & sn[s are
 drift+ ov] ! gr\nd1 ^! little nut      
ga!r]s fea/ to _! he>ts' cont5t4  ,!    
squirrels d n ga!r all ( ! nuts4 ,*ildr5
 & gr[n p enjoy nutt+4 ,:5 !re are n    
en\gh nuts on ! gr\nd1 ! m5 & boys climb
 ! trees to %ake !m (f4 ,!n ev]ybody    
hunts among ! leaves = ! treasures4  ,"s
 ( ! mo/ important nuts are walnuts1    
hickory nuts1 hazelnuts1 almonds1       
*e/nuts1 ,brazil nuts1 pecans1 &        
peanuts4  ,_m ( ! hickory nuts fall out 
( _! cov]+s bright & clean4 ,walnuts    
g5]ally h to be %uck$1 & ! juice /a9s ! 
h&s almo/ black4  ,z hazelnuts gr[ on   

bu%es1 !y c be easily pick$4 ,!y usually
 drop out ( _! burs aft] !re h be5 a few
 fro/s4  ,_m nuts are ga!r$ 9 ! woods1 b
 9 "s places ! trees are cultivat$ j z  
fruit trees are4  ,we usually eat nuts  
betwe5 meals1 or z a dess]t4 ,!y are n  
simply da9ties1 b are v valuable        
articles ( food4 ,9 "s c\ntries ! poor p
 dep5d ^u !m = food4  ,9 almo/ any city 
( our c\ntry are to be f\nd ! nuts t ,i 
h m5tion$1 ) p]haps sev]al o!r k9ds4 ,^!
 h come f diff]5t /ates1 "s f ,canada1  
"s f ,brazil1 & "s f ,spa94  ,i am sure 
y w enjoy ga!r+ nuts ( diff]5t k9ds1 s  
let u set out on a nutt+ exp$ition4     
,a ,,walnut ,,vacation   ,h[ w\ld y l to
 h y\r s*ool close = two weeks1 s t y   
c\ld ga!r walnuts8 ,e ye> _m ( ! boys & 
girls ( ,s\!rn ,cali=nia are giv5 a     
vacation j = ?is purpose4 ,x is call$ ! 
walnut vacation1 & occurs 9 ! mon? (    
,octob]4  ,^! *ildr5 d n take _! baskets
 & g (f to ! woods :]e !y c romp & play1
 wat* ! squirrels1 & ga!r beautiful     
autumn leaves4 ,!y ga!r nuts f ! trees  

:i* _! p>5ts own1 = 9 ,s\!rn ,cali=nia  
!re are _m walnut ran*es or groves4 ,y  
see ! vacation means a vacation = "w    
in/ead ( = play4  ,walnut trees are set 
out 9 r[s j z apple trees are1 b _!     
roots & bran*es ext5d to su* a di/ance f
 ! trunks t !y ne$ to be ab\t twice z f>
 ap>t4  ,! walnut h>ve/1 :i* beg9s ab\t 
! fir/ ( ,octob]1 is a busy "t4 ,m51    
wom51 boys1 & girls may be se5 9 !      
groves1 %ak+ ! nuts f ! trees1 pick+ !m 
up1 & putt+ !m into sacks4              
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fa4--;,a ,walnut  
,grove4  ,! m5 %ake ! trees1 & !re is a 
%[] ( nuts to ! e>?4 ,d n g "u ! bran*es
 n[ unless y want to be pelt$4 ,a s+le  
tree has be5 kn[n to yield ?ree hundr$  
p\nds ( nuts 9 a season4  ,:5 ! trees h 
be5 giv5 a good %ak+1 !re are /ill "s   
nuts cl++ to ! bran*es4 ,^! are obta9$  
by %ak+ ! limbs sep>ately1 by means (   
long poles1 to ! ends ( :i* wire hooks  
are fa/5$4 ,z all ( ! nuts d n rip5 at !
 same "t1 ! trees are sometimes gone ov]
 two or ?ree times4  ,n[ ! boys1 girls1 

& wom5 g to "w fill+ pails & baskets &  
empty+ !m into sacks1 = !y c d ?is "w z 
well z m54  ,usually ! nuts drop out (  
_! cov]+ or %uck :5 !y /rike ! gr\nd2 b 
if !y d n1 ! %uck mu/ be remov$4        
,sometimes ! cov]+ is cut (f4 ,if y h&le
 ! nuts ) y\r b>e h&s1 !y w be /a9$     
almo/ black1 & y w h to let ! color we> 
(f4  ,! days are bright & w>m1 & ?is    
sort ( nutt+ becomes r tiresome be=e    
sund[n4 ,! "w mu/ be done & ! vacation  
is n a v long "o1 s ea* does 8 "p       
*e]fully4  ,:5 ! nuts h be5 ga!r$1 !y   
are tak5 to ! %$ or place :]e !y are to 
be wa%$4 ,"h !y are p\r$ into a l>ge    
wire cyl9d] :i* revolves 9 a tank fill$ 
) wat]4 ,! ma*9e is turn$ by a horse    
walk+ r\nd & r\nd1 & x bo? wa%es &      
grades ! nuts4 ,! small] ones pass ?r\gh
 ! me%es 9 ! wire & are call$ second    
grade4 ,! l>g] ones are kn[n z fir/     
grade4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4            
#fb4--,wa%+1 ,dry+1 & ,sack+ ,walnuts4  
,:5 ! walnuts come out ( ! wa%]1 !y are 
spread out on %all[1 wood5 trays to dry4

 ,sometimes sev]al ?\s& trays may be se5
 on "o ran*4 ,!y are load$ on to a small
 c> & pu%$ to ! "p ( ! field :]e !y are 
want$4  ,if !re is no foggy or cl\dy    
wea!r1 !y w dry 9 ab\t five days1 b if  
!re is1 x may take t54  ,aft] ! nuts are
 ?or\ghly dri$1 ! trays are plac$ on !  
c> & pu%$ to ! blea*]4 ,?is is a l>ge   
box made ( t>r$ pap]4 ,x is plac$ ov] ! 
trays1 & a quantity ( sulphur is burn$ 9
 x4 ,?is is simply to :it5 ! %ells1 = !y
 sell = a high] price :5 !y are blea*$4 
,sometimes ! nuts are :it5$ by dipp+ !m 
into a liquid prep>ation4  ,! nuts are  
n[ sack$ & m>k$1 ready to %ip4 ,soon    
aft] ! boys & girls h f9i%$ _! walnut   
vacation1 ! nuts are on _! way to !     
ea/]n "p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4  ,mo/ ( !   
walnuts rais$ 9 ,cali=nia h s(t %ells4  
,"s h su* ?9 %ells t !y are call$ pap]  
%ells4 ,! walnuts t gr[ 9 ! woods (     
,indiana1 ,ill9ois1 & o!r /ates h h>d   
%ells4 ,!y are d>k 9 color & are call$  
black walnuts4 ,! trees are q valuable1 
z ! wood is us$ 9 mak+ furniture4       

,,*e/nuts   ,let u g on a *e/nutt+      
exp$ition to ! s\!rn "p ( ,france4 ,we c
 ga!r ! nuts 9 _m ( ! /ates ( our own   
c\ntry1 b ! trip to a /range l& w be    
enjoy$ by all4  ,! *e/nut trees1 _m (   
:i* are v old1 spread _! bran*es to     
great di/ances4 ,! nuts1 z y see1 are   
inclos$ 9 a bur or coat :i* cov]s !     
%ell4 ,!re are g5]ally two nuts 9 ea*   
bur4  ,:5 y eat *e/nuts1 y eat !m z a   
sort ( da9ty1 n z a regul> article (    
food4 ,?is is n ! case 9 ! home ( ,jean1
 ! boy :o is help+ 8 fa!r fill ^? sacks4
 ,9 8 home1 z 9 _m homes 9 s\!rn        
,europe1 ! nuts =m "o ( ! *ief articles 
( daily food4  ,9 ! w9t] ,jean sells !  
fre%ly roa/$ nuts on a /reet corn] 9 !  
city ( ,lyons4 ,he gets a good _m p5nies
 ea* noon f workm5 & poor p g5]ally1 :o 
use !m = _! midday meal4 ,he sells t5   
nuts = a p5ny4  ,?is is n ! only way 9  
:i* !y are eat54 ,jean's "m boils !m )  
cel]y & ma%es !m z we d potatoes4 ,!    
nuts are also gr\nd into a fl\r f :i*   
bread is made4 ,!y are (t5 us$ 9 !      

dress+ = f[ls4  ,confection]s use great 
quantities ( *e/nuts4 ,9 ,lyons !re are 
e/abli%m5ts :]e z _m z two hundr$ p]sons
 are employ$ 9 prep>+ !m4  ,! nuts are  
fir/ peel$1 & !n boil$ 9 cle> wat]1 :i* 
removes ! ?9 coat+ next ! k]nel4 ,!y are
 !n plac$ 9 a sirup flavor$ ) ,mexican  
vanilla1 9 :i* !y rema9 = ab\t ?ree     
days4 ,aft] dra9+1 !y are coat$ )       
vanilla or *ocolate & pack$ 9 attractive
 boxes4 ,9 ?is =m !y are wor? =ty-five  
or fifty c5ts a p\nd4     ,a ,,bag ,,(  
,,peanuts   ,la/ summ] ,h>ry's p>5ts    
took him ) !m on a visit to ,virg9ia4   
,h>ry has always liv$ 9 ,new ,york      
,city1 & ! c\ntry life ( ! ,s\? 0 v     
int]e/+ to him4  ,!y visit$ fri5ds :o   
live on a beautiful plantation1 z ! f>ms
 9 ! ,s\? are call$4 ,a driveway l9$ )  
gr& old trees leads ?r\gh ! fl[]-/udd$  
lawn up to ! retir$ manor h\se1 ^: wide 
v]&as completely circle x r\nd4  ,beyond
 ! h\se are ! /ables :]e "w horses1     
driv+ horses1 & saddle horses are kept2 
& beyond ^! is ! pretty little boa?\se1 

/&+ on ! bank ( a small riv] t w9ds its 
way ?r\gh ! plantation4  ,! morn+ aft]  
,h>ry arriv$1 8 fri5d ,b]t ask$ him if  
he w\ld l to g across ! riv] to see ! m5
 h>ve/ peanuts4  ,n[ :5ev] ,h>ry _h     
want$ peanuts1 he _h always gone to a /&
 & b\ght a sack4 ,he _h nev] ?\ght ab\t 
:]e !y came f4 ,he _h he>d ( %ak+ nuts f
 trees1 s he suppos$ t !y 7 go+ to !    
woods4  ,he 0 !re=e mu* surpris$ :5 ,b]t
 took him to a field across ! riv] :]e  
m5 7 pl[+ v9es f ! gr\nd4  ,d peanuts   
gr[ 9 ! gr\nd8 he ask$4  ,:y1 ( c\rse !y
 d1 answ]$ ,b]t4  ,i ?\ght t nuts grew  
on trees1 said ,h>ry4  ,fa!r says t !   
peanut is n a real nut1 repli$ 8 fri5d4 
,he says !y %\ld be call$ gr\nd nuts or 
gr\nd peas4 ,he pull$ up "o ( ! v9es1 & 
! boys ?rew !mselves d[n "u a tree to   
exam9e x4  ,:5 ! small clods ( soil cl++
 to ! roots ( ! plant _h be5 remov$1    
,h>ry saw a numb] ( pods :i* he         
recogniz$ z peanuts4  ,op5+ "o ( ! pods1
 ,b]t took out ! k]nels4  ,^!1 said he1 
are ! se$s1 & !y are plant$ mu* z o!r   

se$s are4  ,be=e !y are plant$ ! %ell   
mu/ be remov$1 b we h to be c>eful n to 
break ! ?9 sk9 t cov]s ! k]nel4 ,if t be
 brok51 ! se$ w n gr[4  ,! k]nels are   
plant$ ab\t "o foot ap>t1 9 r[s t are1 z
 y see1 ab\t ?ree feet ap>t4 ,sometimes 
!y are plant$ by h& & sometimes by      
ma*9]y4  ,i wond] if peanuts are rais$ 9
 ! c\ntry ar\nd ,new ,york1 said ,h>ry4 
,no1 ,i ?9k n1 repli$ ,b]t1 = !y are v  
easily kill$ by fro/4 ,great quantities 
are rais$ 9 ,nor? ,c>ol9a & 9 ,t5nessee4
 ,fa!r says t ! negroes ( we/]n ,africa 
rais$ !m long1 long be=e !y 7 kn[n 9 !  
,unit$ ,/ates4 ,he says t !y are a v    
important article ( food !re1 & t :ole  
villages take "p 9 ! plant+ & h>ve/+4   
,aft] ! v9es blossom1 cont9u$ ,b]t1 a v 
/range ?+ happ5s4  ,:at is x8 ask$      
,h>ry4  ,! fl[] /alks b5d d[nw>d & pu%  
!mselves "r into ! soil1 & on ^! ! pods 
develop4 ,if ! /alks d n ent] ! e>? )9 a
 few h\rs aft] ! fl[]s fall1 !y die4    
,h>ry n[ wat*$ ! pl[+4 ,! pl[s 7 drawn  
up & d[n ! r[s & ran directly "u ! v9es1

 lift+ !m out ( ! soil4 ,aft] !y _h be5 
pl[$ out ab\t two h\rs1 m5 took !m ^u   
pit*=ks & pil$ !m up4 ,h>ry notic$ t "s 
( ! piles 7 cov]$ ) corn fodd]1 & ask$  
:y ?is 04 ,b]t told him t x 0 to keep   
out ! ra94  ,:at happ5s to ! nuts aft] !
 v9es h be5 pil$ up8 said ,h>ry4  ,!y   
rema9 9 ! piles fifte5 or tw5ty days1 & 
are !n spread out on ! gr\nd or haul$ to
 ! b>n1 :]e ! nuts are pick$ (f1 answ]$ 
,b]t4 ,sometimes !y are pick$ by h& &   
sometimes by ma*9]y4 ,let u g to ! l[]  
field2 we h an e>li] v>iety !re1 & !    
nuts are be+ pick$ n[4  ,!y f\nd m51    
wom51 & *ildr5 pick+ ! pods "o by "o &  
dropp+ !m into baskets4 ,^! 7 empti$    
into sacks4 ,h>ry tri$ to lift "o ( ^!1 
& 0 surpris$ to f9d x s heavy4 ,b]t told
 him t x weigh$ ab\t "o hundr$ p\nds4   
,d y burn ! v9es aft] ! nuts are pick$8 
ask$ ,h>ry4  ,no1 said ,b]t1 !y are f$  
to ! cattle4 ,we call ! v9es peanut hay4
  ,b]t expla9$ t 8 fa!r sold ! sacks (  
nuts to ! factory1 :]e !y 7 clean$ &    
sort$4  ,! next day ! boys w5t to t[n & 

visit$ ! peanut factory4  ,! nuts 7 fir/
 put ?r\gh a ma*9e :i* remov$ ! dirt4   
,!y 7 !n poli%$ & sort$ into f\r grades4
 ,! poore/ grade is us$ 9 mak+ peanut   
c&y4 ,! nuts 7 !n sack$1 & 7 ready to be
 %ipp$ to ! ,nor?4  ,h>ry le>n$ t an oil
 is made f ! nuts :i* is us$ z olive oil
 is us$1 & also t peanut butt] is       
produc$ f !m4 ,he f\nd t _m m5 7 employ$
 on plantations all ?r\gh ,virg9ia & o!r
 /ates ( ! ,s\?1 9 rais+ ! peanuts t are
 sold on ! /reets ( e city & t[n 9 our  
c\ntry4     ,,assort$ ,,nuts   ,aft] !  
,?anksgiv+ d9n] _h be5 eat51 ! nuts 7   
pass$1 & ! *ildr5 ask$ ,uncle ,john to  
tell !m some?+ ab\t a few ( !m4  ,all   
"r1 said he4 ,y pick out ! ones t y want
 to "k ab\t4  ,frank h&$ him an almond4 
,?is nut1 said ,uncle ,john1 came f     
sunny ,spa94 ,x grew n f> f ! blue      
,m$it]ranean4 ,almonds are rais$ 9 mo/  
p>ts ( s\!rn ,europe & 9 ! nor!rn "p (  
,africa4 ,ages ago !y grew 9 ! ,holy    
,l&1 & are m5tion$ 9 ! ,bible4  ,d      
almonds gr[ 9 any "p ( our c\ntry8 ask$ 

,hel54  ,i ?9k !y gr[ 9 ,cali=nia1 said 
,frank4  ,y are "r1 said ,uncle ,john4  
,!re are _m almond or*>ds 9 ! s\!rn "p (
 ! /ate4  ,an almond tree 9 full bloom  
is a beautiful sight4 ,! blossoms are   
:ite1 t9t$ ) p9k1 & z !y appe> be=e !   
leaves d1 !re is no?+ to hide !m4       
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fc4--;,almond     
,trees 9 ,full ,bloom4  ,does ! nut h a 
cov]+8 inquir$ ,m>y4  ,yes1 repli$      
,uncle ,john4 ,:5 ! nut is ripe1 ! %uck 
op5s gradually1 & sometimes ! nuts fall 
out4  ,:5 p h l>ge or*>ds1 !y spread    
pieces ( canvas "u ! trees & !n %ake !m 
or beat !m by means ( long poles4  ,!   
nuts t d n fall out ( ! %ucks are obta9$
 by op5+ ! %uck ) a knife4 ,! nuts are  
!n dri$1 & are ready = m>ket4  ,z soon z
 ,uncle ,john _h f9i%$1 ,m>y h&$ him a  
hazelnut4 ,please tell ab\t ?is "o1 said
 %e4  ,i h (t5 gone hazel nutt+ :5 ,i 0 
a boy1 said h] uncle4 ,hazelnuts gr[ on 
bu%es 9 ?ickets4 ,!y are six or eight   
feet high & v sl5d]4 ,baskets are       
sometimes made ( !m1 & ,i h (t5 us$ !m =

 arr[s4  ,sometimes ! nuts gr[ s+ly1 &  
sometimes 9 gr\ps ( two or ?ree4 ,a bur 
cov]s ! nut1 :i* /icks v closely until x
 is ripe4 ,!n ! nuts (t5 fall out4      
,aft] ,i _h ga!r$ ! hazelnuts1 ,i us$ to
 spread !m out on ! ro( ( ! wood h\se to
 dry4  ,nuts t look j l ^! are call$    
filb]ts1 said ,hel54  ,filb]ts are      
cultivat$ hazelnuts1 repli$ ,uncle      
,john2 !y are l>g] ?an ! wild ones4  ,i 
w\ld l to "k h[ ?is nut gr[s1 said      
,hel51 h&+ h] uncle a black nut %ap$ l a
 triangul> prism4  ,?is1 said ,uncle    
,john1 came f ,brazil1 & is call$ a     
,brazil nut4 ,d y "k :]e ,brazil is8  ,x
 is 9 ! nor!a/]n "p ( ,s\? ,am]ica1     
repli$ ,hel54  ,! great ,amazon ,riv] is
 9 ,brazil1 & x fl[s ?r\gh tropical     
=e/s1 said ,m>y4  ,mu* ( our c(fee comes
 f ,brazil1 said ,frank4  ,uncle ,john  
!n told ! *ildr5 t ,brazil nuts come f !
 nor!rn "p ( ,brazil & f ! ,or9oco      
valley4  ,hel5 ask$ if !y gr[ z walnuts 
& hickory nuts d4  ,no1 answ]$ h] uncle1
 !y gr[ inside ( a great case or %ell4  

,!re are f eighte5 to tw5ty-five 9 "o   
%ell1 :i* is ne>ly z l>ge z a man's     
head4  ,h[ are ! nuts got out ( ! %ells8
 ask$ ,m>y4  ,:5 !y fall1 m5 break !m   
op5 & take out ! nuts1 repli$ ,uncle    
,john4 ,mo/ ( !m are s5t d[n ! ,amazon  
to ! city ( ,p>a & f !re %ipp$ to !     
,unit$ ,/ates & o!r c\ntries4  ,none ( !
 *ildr5 knew :]e ,p>a is situat$1 s !y  
all w5t to ! libr>y to look at ! atlas4 
,aft] !y _h locat$ x1 ,uncle ,john told 
!m ( 8 visit to ! city & ( ! wond]ful   
?+s :i* he saw on a /eamboat trip up !  
,amazon ,riv]4     ,a ,,/range          
,,conv]sation   ,"o ev5+ aft] ,i _h be5 
read+ = "s "t1 ,i w5t to ! kit*5 to get 
a dr9k ( wat]4 ,t "p ( ! h\se 0 d>k &   
quiet1 & z ,i /epp$ ?r\gh ! doorway1 ,i 
he>d l[1 musical voices1 app>5tly 9 !   
pantry4 ,i 0 v mu* surpris$1 y may be   
sure1 & ,i kept p]fectly /ill1 & li/5$4 
,yes1 said a voice1 :i* ,i c\ld b>ely   
he>1 ,i am a long way f home inde$1 &   
sometimes x makes me q lonely :5 ,i ?9k 
( x4  ,tell u ab\t y\r home1 & h[ y     

liv$1 said ano!r l[ voice4  ,well1 began
 ! fir/ speak]1 my "n is ,pepp]4 ,)     
tw5ty-five or ?irty bro!rs & si/]s ,i   
grew 9 a clu/] on a v9e4 ,we 7 b a small
 "p ( ! family1 = !re 7 simil> clu/]s   
all ov] our v9e4 ,we 7 ab\t z l>ge z    
peas1 & grew some:at aft] ! fa%ion (    
currants4  ,all ab\t 7 o!r v9es to :i*  
fri5ds & relatives 7 atta*$4 ,pepp] v9es
 are always anxi\s to get to ! top1 & s 
"s ( ^! v9es climb$ trees & "s tw9$     
!mselves ab\t poles1 :i* m5 _h set 9 !  
gr\nd = ?is purpose4 ,our v9e 0 ?ree or 
f\r ye>s old :5 we appe>$ on x4  ,h[    
long did y live on ! v9e8 ask$ a voice t
 ,i _h n he>d be=e4  ,only a few mon?s1 
repli$ ,pepp]4 ,y see1 we _h to make    
room = ano!r set ( b]ries4 ,two sets    
appe> ea* ye> = tw5ty ye>s or m4  ,"u ! 
influ5ce ( ! tropical sun%9e & ! w>m    
ra9s we grew day by day1 & we 7 z happy 
z ! butt]flies & birds ab\t u4 ,by & by 
we began to turn r$4 ,all ( ?is "t a    
hull or coat 0 =m+ on ! outside ( our   
bodies4  ,be=e we became entirely r$1   

workm5 came to ! field1 &1 by rubb+ u   
betwe5 _! h&s1 sep>at$ u f ! /ems to :i*
 we lov+ly clung4  ,aft] hav+ be5 pick$1
 ,i 01 ) _m o!rs1 plac$ ^u a mat to dry4
 ,^! mats 7 all ab\t u1 ea* cov]$ )     
b]ries4 ,aft] be+ ?or\ghly dri$ we 7 put
 into a mill & gr\nd1 & ,i became :at ,i
 am n[1 ,black ,pepp]4  ,are !re o!r    
k9ds ( pepp]8 ask$ "s "o4  ,oh1 yes1    
said ,pepp]1 !re is ,:ite ,pepp]1 & ,r$1
 or ,cay5ne ,pepp]4 ,"s ( my fri5ds 7   
made into ,:ite ,pepp]4 ,!y 7 soak$ 9   
limewat] = ab\t two weeks1 & ?is1 (     
c\rse1 s(t5$ & wr9kl$ _! hulls :i* _h   
always fitt$ s nicely4 ,?is 0 bad en\gh1
 b x 0 n ! wor/4  ,:at happ5$ next8 said
 sev]al voices4  ,!y 7 !n1 cont9u$      
,pepp]1 trodd5 "u ! b>e feet ( d>k-sk9n$
 m51 & ?is rubb$ (f _! hulls completely4
 ,aft] ?is !y 7 gr\nd z we _h be54      
,cay5ne ,pepp] is n a memb] ( our family
 at all1 al?\gh x has ! same "n4 ,i h   
look$ up its g5ealogy1 & ,i f9d t x     
receiv$ its "n f ! city ( ,cay5ne1 9    
,fr5* ,guiana1 ne> :i* x gr[s4 ,x is 9 !

 =m ( bell-%ap$ pods1 & gr[s on l[1 bu%y
 plants in/ead ( v9es4  ,! pods are gre5
 at fir/1 b r$ :5 ripe4 ,no d\bt y h se5
 /r+s ( !m hang+ 9 ! groc]y /ore :5 y 7 
on ! %elves4 ,p sometimes use ! pods z  
!y are1 b usually !y are dri$1 gr\nd1   
mix$ ) yea/1 & bak$ into flat cakes l   
crack]s4 ,:5 ^! cakes are gr\nd1 ,r$1 or
 ,cay5ne ,pepp]1 is produc$4 ,x is put  
up 9 little boxes j z we are4  ,pepp]   
us$ to be reg>d$ z a great luxury1 !    
speak] w5t on4 ,until ! eighte5? c5tury 
! ,portuguese h&l$ almo/ all ( x4 ,x 0 n
 uncommon = r5ts to be paid ) pepp]4 ,if
 any ( y h read anci5t hi/ory1 y "k t :5
 ,al>ic took ,rome he dem&$1 among o!r  
?+s1 "o ?\s& p\nds ( pepp] z a ransom4  
,my home 0 9 ! ,ea/ ,indies1 said       
,pepp]1 b !re are memb]s ( our family   
liv+ 9 ! ,philipp9es1 ,india1 ,mexico1 !
 ,we/ ,indies1 & o!r tropical c\ntries4 
,y\r /ory is a v int]e/+ "o1 said a     
voice1 & n[1 if y c>e to he> x1 ,i w    
tell some?+ ( my life4  ,yes1 d tell u1 
said sev]al at once4  ,v well1 ,i w     

foll[ ! example ( our fri5d ,pepp] &    
introduce myself at once4 ,i am kn[n z  
,g+]4 ,i h relatives liv+ 9 ,*9a1 9     
,india1 & 9 ! we/]n "p ( ,africa1 b ,i  
came f ! ,we/ ,indies4 ,! ,g+] family is
 n l t ( ,pepp]2 x has no l(ty notions4 
,pepp] seem$ a little incl9$ to get     
angry1 s ,g+] ha/5$ to say3 ,i mean t   
our v9es d n climb trees or poles1 b run
 along ! gr\nd4 ,i 0 a root & n a fruit4
  ,:5 ,i 0 ab\t a ye> old ,i1 ) c\ntless
 fri5ds1 0 dug f ! gr\nd4 ,we 7 cut f ! 
v9es & put into vats ( scald+ wat]4  ,t 
0 dreadful1 said ,pepp]4  ,we 7 treat$ 9
 t way to prev5t u f spr\t+1 cont9u$    
,g+]4 ,aft] be+ tak5 out ( ! wat]1 we 7 
?or\ghly dri$ & !n gr\nd4 ,we 7 !n put  
up 9 cans & boxes & sold z ,black ,g+]4 
,o!rs 7 scrap$ be=e be+ gr\nd1 & !y 7 !n
 call$ ,:ite ,g+]4  ,we 7 plac$ on bo>d 
a great %ip & f9ally l&$ at ,new ,york4 
,aft] rema9+ 9 a l>ge /ore !re = "s "t1 
,i 0 br\ght to ! corn] groc]y1 & s ,i   
f\nd my way to ?is %elf4  ,i am         
gradually wa/+ away1 & ,i %all n la/ a  

great :ile long]4 ,9 my tropical home ,i
 seem$ to be ( no use to anybody1 :ile  
n[ ,i am call$ = frequ5tly by ! cook1 & 
my s]vices seem to be appreciat$1 s ,i  
am happy4  ,to be ( "s real use 9 ?is _w
 is ! greate/ joy ( life1 rem>k$ a      
/range voice4  ,!re 0 sil5ce = a mom5t1 
& !n ,g+] said ,may we n he> f y1 fri5d8
  ,y\r /ories almo/ make me believe t ,i
 am /ill 9 ! l& ( my bir?1 0 ! reply4   
,!re 0 a peculi> little rattle ab\t !   
voice1 :i* ,i recogniz$ at once z       
belong+ to ,c9namon4  ,= sev]al ye>s ,i 
0 rock$ to & fro by g5tle tropic breezes
 or la%$ ab\t by /orms4 ,f my p]* ,i    
c\ld see beautiful fl[]s1 bright        
insects1 & ev5 s]p5ts 9 ! ?icket at my  
feet4 ,birds ( brilliant plumage (t5    
p]*$ ^u me4 ,my home 0 on ! isl& (      
,ceylon4  ,x is (t5 said t :]e !re is   
mu* b>k !re is no bite4 ,9 my own case t
 is n s4  ,i d n und]/&1 said ,g+]4     
,:y1 said ,c9namon1 laugh+1 ,i am all   
b>k1 & ,i h consid]able bite1 z ^? :o h 
ta/$ me "k4  ,i 0 tak5 f "o ( ! small]  

limbs ( a c9namon tree4 ,i 0 slipp$ )9 a
 l>g] piece ( b>k1 = we ea* roll$ up :5 
/ripp$ f ! limbs4 ,a /ill l>g] piece 0  
slipp$ ov] u & s on until q a bundle _h 
be5 =m$4 ,"s 7 q %ort1 & "s 7 ?ree feet 
9 l5g?4                        ,,/ories 
,,( ,,cali=nia                          
,,by                         ,,ella ,m4 
,,sexton                  ,) _m         
illu/rations                ,clo?       
#afmo      #a4jj net  ,z a concise &    
int]e/+ hi/ory ( ,cali=nia1 x des]ves a 
place 9 our s*ools & libr>ies1 s t e    
*ild may read x4--,pacific ,*ur*man4    
,?is volume comprises "s excell5t       
contributions to hi/ory1 z x c]ta9ly    
comprises "s notable contributions to   
romance4 ,! little book is "o :i* w     
appeal1 !re=e1 to read]s old & "y4      
,sev]al ( ! /ories expla9 9 "s degree ! 
rem>kable physical *>act]i/ics (        
,cali=nia1 b ! writ]'s *ief aim has be5 
to unfold to *ildr5 & _! p>5ts ! life ( 
bygone days4--,! ,outlook4              
,,! ,,macmillan ,,company               

#fd-ff ,,fif? ,,av5ue1 ,,new ,,york     
,,bo/on      ,,*icago      ,,san        
,,francisco      ,,atlanta              
,t>r & ,mc,murry's ,geographies     ,a  
,new ,s]ies ( ,geographies 9 ,two1      
,?ree1 or ,five ,volumes                
,by ,,ralph ,s4 ,,t>r1 ,b4,s41          
,f4,g4,s4,a4                            
,,cornell ,,univ]sity                   
,,&                      ,,frank ,m4    
,mc,m,u,r,r,y1 ,ph4,d4                  
,,tea*]s ,,college1 ,,columbia          
,,univ]sity                        ,,two
 ,,book ,,s]ies  ,introductory          
,geography                              
#fj c5ts ,complete ,geography           
#a4jj                      ,,! ,,?ree   
,,book ,,s]ies  ,,fir/ ,,book 7#d? & #e?
 ye>s7 ,home ,geography & ! ,e>?       z
 a ,:ole                                
#fj c5ts ,,second ,,book 7#f? ye>7 ,nor?
 ,am]ica                       #ge c5ts 
,,?ird ,,book 7#g? ye>7 ,europe & ,o!r  
,cont95ts          #ge c5ts             
,,! ,,five ,,book ,,s]ies  ,,fir/ ,,"p  

7#d? ye>7 ,home ,geography              
#dj c5ts ,,second ,,"p 7#e? ye>7 ,! ,e>?
 z a ,:ole                #dj c5ts      
,,?ird ,,"p 7#f? ye>7 ,nor? ,am]ica     
#ge c5ts ,,f\r? ,,"p 7#g? ye>7 ,europe1 
,s\? ,am]ica1 etc4         #ej c5ts     
,,fif? ,,"p 7#h? ye>7 ,asia & ,africa1 )
 ,review (       ,nor? ,am]ica 7) ,/ate 
,supplem5t7                #ej c5ts     
,)\t ,supplem5t                         
#dj c5ts  ,home ,geography1 ,great] ,new
 ,york ,edition                #ej c5ts 
net ,tea*]s' ,manual ( ,me?od 9         
,geography4       ,by ,,*>les ,a4       
,,mcmurry                               
#dj c5ts net  ,to meet ! requirem5ts (  
"s c\rses ( /udy1 ! section f ! ,?ird   
,book1 treat+ ( ,s\? ,am]ica1 is b\nd up
 ) ! ,second ,book1 ?us br++ ,nor?      
,am]ica & ,s\? ,am]ica toge!r 9 "o      
volume4  ,! foll[+ ,supplem5t>y ,volumes
 h also be5 prep>$1 & may be _h         
sep>ately or b\nd toge!r ) ! ,?ird ,book
 ( ! ,?ree ,book ,s]ies1 or ! ,fif? ,"p 
( ! ,five ,book ,s]ies3                 

,,supplem5t>y ,,volumes  ,new ,york     
,/ate          #cj c5ts       ,kansas   
#cj c5ts ,! ,new ,engl& ,/ates  #cj c5ts
       ,virg9ia       #cj c5ts ,utah    
#dj c5ts       ,p5nsylvania   #cj c5ts  
,cali=nia              #cj c5ts         
,t5nessee      #cj c5ts ,ohio           
#cj c5ts       ,l\isiana      #cj c5ts  
,ill9ois                #cj c5ts        
,texas          #ce c5ts ,new ,j]sey    
#cj c5ts  ,:5 ord]+1 be c>eful to       
specify ! ,book or ,"p & ! ,s]ies       
desir$1 & :e!r ) or )\t ! ,/ate         
,supplem5t4                       ,,!   
,,macmillan ,,company                   
#fd-ff ,,fif? ,,av5ue1 ,,new ,,york     
,,bo/on      ,,*icago      ,,atlanta    
,,san ,,francisco                       
,t>r & ,mc,murry's ,geographies         
,,comm5ts  ,nor? ,pla9field1 ,n4,j4--,i 
?9k x ! be/ ,geography t ,i h se54--,h4 
,j4 ,,wightman1 ,sup]9t5d5t4  ,bo/on1   
,mass4--,i h be5 tea*+ ! subject 9 !    
,bo/on ,normal ,s*ool = ov] tw5ty ye>s1 
& ,book ,i is ! book ,i h be5 look+ = = 

! la/ t5 ye>s4 ,x comes ne>] to :at ,i h
 be5 work+ = ?an any?+ 9 ! geography l9e
 t ,i h yet se54 ,i congratulate y on ! 
good "w4--,,miss ,l4 ,t4 ,,moses1       
,normal ,s*ool4  ,detroit1 ,mi*4--,i am 
mu* pleas$ ) x & h _h en?usia/ic praise 
= x f all ! tea*]s to :om ,i h %[n x4 ,x
 seems to me to be sci5tific1 arti/ic1 &
 conv5i5t to a m>k$ degree4 ,! maps are 
a p]fect joy to any tea*] :o has be5 us+
 ! complicat$ affairs giv5 9 mo/ books (
 ! k9d4--,,agnes ,,mcrae4  ,de ,kalb1   
,ill4--,i h j f9i%$ exam9+ ! fir/ book (
 ,t>r & ,mc,murry's ,geographies4 ,i h  
read ! book ) c>e f cov] to cov]4 ,to   
say t ,i am pleas$ ) x is express+ x    
mildly4 ,x seems to me j :at a geography
 %\ld be4 ,x is correctly conceiv$ &    
admirably execut$4 ,! subject is        
approa*$ f ! "r direction & is develop$ 
9 ! "r proportions4 ,& ^? maps--h[ c\ld 
!y be any bett]8 ,surely au?ors &       
publi%]s h a*iev$ a triumph 9 textbook  
mak+4 ,i %all wat* ) int]e/ = !         
appe>ance ( ! o!r two                   

volumes4--,pr(essor ,,edw>d ,c4 ,,page1 
,nor!rn ,ill9ois ,/ate ,normal ,s*ool4  
,asbury ,p>k1 ,n4,j4--,i d n hesitate at
 all to say t ,i ?9k ! ,t>r &           
,mc,murry's ,geography ! be/ 9 !        
m>ket4--,f4 ,s4 ,,%ep>d1 ,sup]9t5d5t (  
,s*ools4  ,i?aca1 ,n4,y4--,i am imm5sely
 pleas$ ) ,t>r & ,mc,murry's            
,geography4--,,*>les ,,de ,,g>mo1       
,pr(essor ( ,p$agogy1 ,cornell          
,univ]sity4                      ,,!    
,,macmillan ,,company                   
#fd-ff ,fif? ,av5ue1 ,new ,york         
,,bo/on      ,,*icago      ,,atlanta    
,,san ,,francisco