from the ,google ,print project47       
,,railroad ,,accidents   ,,their ,,cause
 ,,and ,,prevention   ,,by  ,r4 ,c4     
,,richards   ,published by  ,,the       
,,association ,,of ,,railway ,,claim    
,,agents  #aijf  ,,copyright1 #aijf ,,by
 ,r4 ,c4 ,,richards  ,,gift ,,of ,o4 ,a4
 ,,moore     ,introduction  ,railroad   
,accidents  ,their ,cause and           
,prevention   ,much has been said and   
written during recent years about the   
increasing number of railroad accidents 
in this country--their cause and what   
action should be taken by the           
government1 the railroads and the       
employees to reduce them and the        
consequent loss of life and limb        
resulting therefrom4 ,believing that if 
the cause of our many accidents were    
properly understood more care would be  
taken by the corporations1 employees and
 persons at fault to reduce the number1 
,i shall try to point out in the        
following pages what investigation has  
shown me to be the cause of many        

accidents and how their reoccurrence    
could1 ,i think1 be prevented4  ,in the 
transaction of the business of a        
railroad its first and highest duty is  
to the passengers1 to carry them safely 
and speedily2 next1 to take care of the 
property entrusted to it for            
transportation1 and for which it is     
practically an insurer against          
everything but the act of ,god or the   
public enemy1 and deliver it with       
reasonable dispatch to the consignee in 
practically the same condition as that  
in which it is received4  ,it is a      
self-evident proposition that the nearer
 the railroads come to performing this  
duty1 the fewer losses and claims for   
damages they will have to pay1 and1 as a
 matter of course1 the more money there 
will be left with which to pay wages1   
interest1 dividends1 and make           
improvements4 ,so it behooves all1 who  
are working for those wages1 to do      
everything they can to help carry on the
 business properly and correctly in     

order that the interest of the companies
 hiring them1 as well as their          
individual interest1 will be subserved1 
and for the more important reason of    
causing as little suffering1 pain1 and  
sorrow to those who by accident may be  
maimed or killed1 which always brings   
trouble and sorrow to the victim as well
 as to his family1 and frequently       
results in untold suffering and         
privation to the widows and children4   
,the report of the ,interstate ,commerce
 ,commission shows that for the year    
ending ,june #cj1 #aijd1 there were     
#dda passengers killed4    #c1fcb       
employees killed4      #hci not         
trespassers killed4    #e1aje           
trespassers killed4    #i1aaa passengers
 injured4   #fg1jfg employees injured4  
#b1dii not trespassers injured4         
#e1aid trespassers injured4  ,making    
#aj1jag killed and #hc1hga injured1 or a
 total of killed and injured of #ic1hhh1
 many times over the casualties of our  
last war1 and all the roads seem to have

 done their share of this havoc4  ,we   
should strive to see if in the coming   
year we cannot reduce the number1 so    
that the casualties reported1 and       
consequent loss to the companies1 will  
be reduced1 considering the number of   
employees1 mileage1 earnings1 number of 
trains run1 persons and property        
transported1 and the territory          
traversed1 and for the purpose of       
bringing this matter before you in a    
proper light ,i will call attention to a
 few of the many accidents which have   
recently occurred1 which1 with proper   
care and the use of good judgment1 would
 have been avoided and fewer persons    
left to go through life crippled1 fewer 
homes made desolate and fatherless1 and 
sometimes motherless1 and at the same   
time the money which has been           
necessarily paid out to settle the      
claims saved to the companies1 and1     
consequently1 just so much more money   
left in the treasury to pay for wages1  
interest1 dividends1 and betterments4   

,taking into consideration the safety   
appliances installed by the railroads   
since #ahih1 the improvement in track   
and equipment1 and the increase in wages
 paid1 with even the same degree of care
 on the part of employees1 the number of
 accidents should have decreased1 but on
 the contrary they show an actual       
percentage of increase higher than that 
of earnings1 and if the employees are   
onto their jobs they ought to and must  
find a way to reduce the number of such 
cases and consequent expense to the     
companies4  ,for the purpose of showing 
that the employees are the persons most 
vitally interested in this matter1 as   
upon them falls the major part of the   
fatalities and injuries resulting from  
such accidents and upon themselves and  
families the suffering and pain which   
always comes after them1 while upon the 
companies falls the immense and         
increasing financial drain1 following   
their wakes1 as well as loss of prestige
 and public criticism which necessarily 

follow1 and which is increasing every   
day1 ,i have prepared the following     
statement4   #a4 ,the percentage of     
employees to the number of passengers   
transported during the year ending ,june
 #cj1 #aijd1 was one for each #eeb4     
#b4 ,the percentage of passengers killed
 7#dda7 to the whole number of persons  
reported killed in all classes 7#aj1jag7
 was #d per cent4   #c4 ,the percentage 
of passengers injured 7#i1aaa7 to the   
whole number of persons reported injured
 in all classes 7#hc1hga7 was #aa per   
cent4   #d4 ,the percentage of          
passengers injured 7#i1aaa7 to the      
number transported 7#gae1dai1fhb7 was   
about one in each #hj1jjj4   #e4 ,the   
percentage of passengers killed 7#dda7  
to the number transported was about one 
in every #a1fjj1jjj4   #f4 ,the         
percentage of employees injured         
7#fg1jfg7 to the whole number of        
employees 7#a1bif1aba7 was about one in 
every #ai4   #g4 ,the percentage of     
employees killed 7#c1fcb7 to the whole  

number employed 7#a1bif1aba7 was about  
one in #cfj4   #h4 ,the percentage of   
employees killed 7#c1fcb7 to the whole  
number reported killed in all classes   
7#aj1jag7 was about #cf per cent4   #i4 
,the percentage of employees injured    
7#fg1jfg7 to the whole number reported  
injured in all classes 7#hc1hga7 was #hj
 per cent4  #aj4 ,the percentage of     
employees 7#cjj1jjj7 engaged in the     
hazardous part of the business such as  
train1 engine and yardmen to the whole  
number employed 7#a1bif1aba7 was #be per
 cent4  #aa4 ,percentage of those       
engaged in the hazardous part of the    
work1 who were killed 7#b1cdc71 to the  
whole number of employees reported      
killed 7#c1fcb71 was #fd per cent4  #ab4
 ,the percentage of those engaged in the
 hazardous part of the work who were    
injured 7#cb1cde7 to the whole number of
 employees injured 7#fg1jfg7 was #dh per
 cent4  ,an examination of the          
statistics published by the ,commission 
also shows that the number of accidents 

depends not so much on the actual length
 of track of a railroad in miles1 but   
upon the density of its traffic and of  
the population of the territory through 
which it runs1 for illustration take one
 division on a system that runs through 
a thickly settled country1 that has five
 per cent of the actual mileage of the  
system and fifteen per cent of the train
 mileage1 and another division in the   
same system that runs through a sparsely
 settled country1 that has ten per cent 
of the actual mileage of the system and 
five per cent of the train mileage1 and 
it is a well-known fact that the        
percentage of accidents on the former   
will be many times that on the latter2  
,that the heavier the traffic the       
greater need there is of more care being
 taken in employing and educating the   
right kind of men to operate the trains2
 and  ,that with denser traffic there   
should come more and better supervision 
to insure observance of the rules       
adopted for the safe operation of trains

 and that the increase in quantity and  
quality of that supervision should at   
least equal in ratio the increase in    
traffic4 ,indeed1 ,i believe that when  
this is done many of the troubles and   
difficulties the railroads now labor    
under will pass away1 and that the      
additional expense caused by such       
increase will be saved many times over  
by a general reduction in operating     
expenses1 especially in waste and       
damage4  ,accidents should be divided   
into four classes3  ,first4 ,unavoidable
 accidents1 or those caused by the act  
of ,god1 the public enemy1 or by some   
miscreant who takes up a rail1 misplaces
 a switch1 or puts an obstruction on the
 track4  ,second4 ,accidents to         
passengers1 outsiders trespassing or not
 trespassing1 caused by the carelessness
 or wantonness of the injured or some   
other person for whose act the railroad 
is not liable1 or by the failure on the 
part of the ,state or municipality to   
make and enforce proper laws and        

ordinances to prevent stoning trains and
 trespassing on the premises and cars of
 the companies4  ,third4 ,those caused  
by the want of care1 foresight1 or      
supervision on the part of the          
management of the company4  ,fourth4    
,those caused by the carelessness1      
thoughtlessness1 or neglect of          
employees4  ,neither employees nor      
company can be held to blame or can     
prevent accidents resulting from the    
first and second causes1 and fortunately
 for the reputation as well as the      
treasury of the companies over one-half 
of all the fatalities and a large       
proportion of the seriously injured come
 under the second class1 and until the  
life and limb of a trespasser 7#aj per  
cent or #a1jjj of the #aj1jjj killed and
 injured on the railroads of this       
country every year being children under 
fourteen years of age7 are considered to
 be of some value to their families and 
to the ,state1 they will not only       
continue to occur1 but will increase    

each year as our population and traffic 
grow4  ,accidents caused by             
carelessness1 thoughtlessness1 or       
neglect of employees are the large      
majority of all that happen1 and if we  
could eliminate them1 or one-half of    
them1 there would be little cause for   
complaint on the part of the management 
of the companies1 or criticism on the   
part of the public1 and the claim agent 
would have a bed of roses instead of the
 busiest and hardest worked office on   
the road1 and ,i believe that when the  
employees really understand the matter  
many of them will be eliminated4  ,we   
should bear in mind that it is not the  
great train accidents that make the     
large majority of the total deaths and  
injuries on the railroads of this       
country1 about which so much is said in 
the public press1 but it is the little  
cases that are unheralded in the press1 
or in the courts1 that make the totals  
so large2 the little things that are    
happening every day1 on every railroad  

in the country1 which go on happening   
every year in the same old way1 and they
 are the cases which could and should be
 avoided by the exercise of greater care
 and thoughtfulness--more of them come  
from thoughtlessness than any other     
cause4 ,my experience leads me          
irresistibly to the conclusion that     
after all it is the man1 not the safety 
appliance1 that we must depend on to    
prevent accidents1 as has been          
demonstrated by any number of cases that
 have occurred at points where the track
 has been lined with safety appliances4 
,the ,cause   ,,injuries ,,to           
,,passengers  ,injuries to passengers   
for which employees are at fault1 and   
which could and should be avoided1      
result from collisions1 derailments1    
improper handling and management of     
trains and stations1 and ,i will1 by way
 of illustration1 cite a few cases which
 have occurred and tell you how1 in my  
opinion1 they might have been avoided4  
,we will first take those caused by     

collisions3      ,at ,forest ,station1  
,april #b1 in which #c passengers were  
killed and     #bf injured1 caused by   
train ,no4 #aab1 upon which they were   
riding1     being run into by engine    
,no4 #dje1 hauling train ,no4 #b1       
,engineman     ,jackson1 at #d p4m4     
,charles ,early and ten other passengers
 injured ,may #ba1 at #h a4m41          
caused by engine #aji1 hauling train    
#dgg1 colliding with engine #cji        
backing a train to yards2 latter train  
had been stopped five     minutes1      
engine standing under #hith street      
viaduct1 contrary to     rule #ca4      
,smoke blew down on track1 hiding engine
 and train4  ,in a dense fog and on a   
part of the division and at a time when 
trains were thick1 with a knowledge that
 he had followed ,no4 #aab all the way  
from ,thornton1 the engineman was so    
careless as to run by two automatic     
signals set at danger1 a flagman1 and   
into ,no4 #aab1 and three lives go out  
and #bj odd are injured4 ,could anything

 be more reckless8 ,do any of you want  
to ride behind that kind of runner or be
 on a train in front of him1 even if you
 have your life insured and your home   
paid for8 ,will we not all agree that   
such a man is unsafe and unfit for the  
service8 ,and in view of the dense fog  
and the number of trains moving1 should 
not trains have been blocked a station  
apart8 ,it is an absolute protection    
against accident1 which the time        
interval is not4 ,and when you enginemen
 see a signal against you1 think of the 
wrecks you have known of since you      
entered the service1 and ,,stop2 take no
 chances4 ,if you can't see the signal1 
if your view is obstructed by smoke or  
steam so that you can't see the track   
beyond the smoke or steam1 stop or slow 
down until you know it safe to proceed4 
,and don't do as was done in the second 
case mentioned above1 but slow down to  
such a speed that you can stop within   
the range of your vision4 ,in case of   
doubt always take the safe course4 ,if  

you know a man with defective vision and
 so little regard for the lives of      
others as to try to remain in the       
service with that defect1 you owe it as 
a duty to yourself1 to your family1 the 
passengers1 and other employees1 as well
 as to the company1 to report him to the
 proper officer before and not after an 
accident occurs4 ,some day there will be
 a law requiring frequent examination of
 the vision of trainmen1 but until that 
time comes we should all do the best we 
can to guard against such men4  ,next we
 come to accidents caused by making a   
switch of cars containing passengers    
without the engine being attached to the
 car3      ,thomas ,h4 ,norton1 injured 
,oct4 #bj1 in ,sixtieth ,st4 yards2     
caused     by the ,pullman car ,winona1 
in which he was traveling1 being kicked 
down against a coach standing at the    
other end of track1 by switch     engine
 #gca2 and when switch crew tried to    
stop the car they     claimed they could
 not do so with hand brakes1 although   

they were     in good condition4        
,everyone knows that it is unsafe to    
handle a car containing passengers      
without the engine being coupled to it  
and air-brake in use1 and that ,rule    
#aja expressly prohibits such work1 yet 
in this case it was done by men long in 
the service1 who probably had done the  
same thing before without accident and  
without being caught1 so they chanced it
 once too often1 and the cost in this   
case would pay many times over for the  
time they had saved before4 ,it is just 
as unsafe to switch caboose cars in     
which train crews are resting or cars   
loaded with horses and cattle or        
emigrant movables in that way1 and it   
ought to be stopped4 ,if it was1 there  
would not be the injuries to trainmen or
 damages to live stock that we have now 
from that cause4            #a ,copies  
of all rules referred to will be found  
in the           ,appendix4  ,we all    
have no end of trouble with circuses and
 theatrical troupes traveling in their  

own cars1 many of which ought to be in  
the scrap heap4 ,these cars should never
 be accepted1 no matter who is in them  
or what notice you may have received    
about the runs to be made with them1    
unless the brakes1 running gear1 and    
everything connected with them are in   
good repair1 but when you do take them1 
handle them as carefully as if they     
contained dynamite1 and get them off the
 line without accident4 ,when you find  
such a car on a track which you are     
obliged to use--it should when possible 
be set on a track not used for          
switching--either to move it or some    
other car1 handle it with the greatest  
care2 don't do as was done at ,harrison 
just a short time ago when      ,laura  
,jameson1 with a theatrical troupe1 was 
in car ,pomfret1     ,nov4 #ith1 which  
was coupled onto by engine ,no4 #djb    
with such force     that she was thrown 
from the chair in which she was sitting1
     bruising and injuring her4         
,neither would any of the following     

cases1 caused by careless handling1 have
 happened3      ,mrs4 ,r4 ,a4 ,storrs1  
passenger injured at ,whiteford1 ,aug4  
#hth1 at     #g3bj a4m4 ,engine was     
pulling train back in the yard and ran  
in on     track that had some cars on it
 and collided with them1 the switch     
having been left open4      ,w4 ,r4     
,thomas1 injured at ,winton1 at #b3ej   
p4m41 ,dec4 #aj1 by reason     of       
standing up near stove in way-car when  
two cars were coupled on     train1 he  
was thrown against stove and onto floor4
      ,john ,a4 ,klohs1 stockman1 was   
riding in the caboose of extra stock    
train east1 at ,yale1 ,june #dth2 got up
 to take off his coat2 the     train was
 coupled up with so much force that he  
was thrown over     the stove and his   
ankle injured4  ,now we will take up    
cases caused by careless loading and    
unloading of freight from mixed trains3 
,it would not seem necessary to have to 
tell anyone that timbers or telegraph   
poles ought not to be unloaded from     

moving trains carrying passengers1 or   
from any moving train1 and yet that is  
exactly what was done1 when      ,john  
,a4 ,owen1 ,w4 ,a4 ,stead1 ,martin      
,kjoelseth1 ,andrew ,thorsen1 and       
,c4 ,g4 ,strombeck1 passengers on train 
,no4 #hb1 were injured at     ,wallace1 
,aug4 #b1 by reason of the caboose in   
which they were     riding colliding    
with some cars on the side track1 caused
 by     ,anderson1 a telegraph lineman1 
unloading some poles from a car in      
the train upon which they were riding   
while it was moving1 one of     which   
struck a switch target1 opened switch1  
and caboose ran into     side track and 
collided with cars4  ,and when you have 
a car loaded with logs in your train see
 that they are secure4 ,if you do an    
accident like the one near ,hamlin1     
,january #hth1 won't occur3      ,julius
 ,lewinsky1 passenger1 was injured while
 riding in coach2     chain on one of   
the cars gave away1 and logs fell off   
and were     forced through bottom of   

the coach1 striking his left leg4  ,it  
would seem to be a simple matter to see 
that logs1 water pipes1 machinery1 or   
other property liable to fall from cars 
are properly secured before car is taken
 in the train1 and so avoid such        
accidents4 ,why not do it8  ,when in a  
terrible rain-storm you are running with
 a slow order over a track which is     
being repaired1 don't do it at a speed  
of #ej or #fj miles an hour1 if you     
value your life and the lives of those  
in the cars behind you4 ,if you don't   
value them1 don't do it because it is   
dangerous and your orders tell you not  
to1 and because your family will suffer 
if you get killed in the attempt and the
 company's property will be damaged1 and
 don't1 under such1 or any other1       
circumstances1 run by a station five    
minutes ahead of time contrary to ,rule 
#d1 and yet that is just what was done  
on the night of ,july #b1 when          
,james ,williams1 engineman2 ,charles   
,jones1 fireman2 and two tramps     were

 killed2 and ,f4 ,c4 ,stodmeister1      
brakeman2 ,w4 ,w4 ,mc,allister1         
baggageman2 ,c4 ,w4 ,h4 ,brown1 ,charles
 ,brown1 and ,a4 ,parsons1     porters2 
,w4 ,j4 ,smith1 telegraph operator2     
,mrs4 ,miller1 ,alice     ,eager1 and   
,mrs4 ,david1 passengers1 and ,thomas   
,king1 a tramp1 were     injured1       
#a-a_/b miles west of ,janeway by train 
,no4 #h running off     derail and      
knocking down the tower4  ,when you get 
a bulletin prohibiting your running down
 certain hills or around curves faster  
than #cj miles an hour1 don't do it at  
#dj or #ej miles an hour1 as it is      
unsafe1 and yet that is exactly what was
 done ,may #ab near ,wilkes1 and        
resulted in the derailment of freight   
train ,no4 #ah1 and      ,william       
,little1 brakeman1 was killed1 ,m4 ,j4  
,mc,wheeney1 ,geo4     ,orneson1 ,jr41  
,o4 ,a4 ,dalseth1 ,c4 ,f4 ,shoelkopf1   
,geo4 ,v4 ,hickock1 and     ,c4 ,w4     
,doner1 passengers1 injured4  ,a        
bulletin was issued by ,superintendent  

,davis prohibiting trains going down    
this hill faster than #cj miles an hour4
 ,from the statements of the train crew 
it would appear that no attention had   
been paid to this bulletin1 and1 from   
what the passengers say1 it has been    
customary for a long time for trains    
coming into ,wilkes from ,notman and    
,guilford1 if in sight of each other1 to
 make a race to see which train could   
get there first1 so as to get out of    
,wilkes for ,joppa without delay4  ,now1
 there was no excuse for the engineman  
and conductor not complying with the    
order4 ,they both got off without       
injury1 as the parties to blame for such
 accidents generally do4 ,neither was   
there any excuse for the train          
dispatcher not knowing that the order   
was being disregarded daily1 as the     
train sheets would tell him that1 and he
 should have stopped it4 ,to my mind1 he
 was just as guilty as the engineman and
 conductor1 and should have received the
 same punishment4 ,and when disregard of

 such orders and bulletins are not      
winked at1 until an accident happens1   
there will be fewer cases of failure to 
observe them4  ,don't try to run around 
curves #ej or #fj miles an hour1 as a   
train ,i was riding on a few weeks ago  
did and went in the ditch2 neither      
should freight or passenger trains run  
over interlocking switches faster than  
#ae and #be miles an hour1 respectively1
 because it is not safe to do so1 and   
,rule #e says you must not4 ,conductors1
 who are in supreme command of the      
train1 should pull the air on any       
engineman who is running too fast around
 curves1 over bad places1 or through    
stations1 and when you get in1 report   
the matter to your superintendent1 as   
reckless running should not and will not
 be tolerated4  ,next we have the       
accidents resulting from occasional     
derailments1 which were not serious1 but
 might have been1 and it is the cause1  
as well as the result1 we want to       
eliminate1 such as3      ,mrs4 ,k4      

,smith and four other passengers1 train 
,no4 #f1 which was     derailed at      
,heilprin1 ,sept4 #c4 ,the train was    
very crowded and     these women were   
standing up at the time of the accident 
and were     injured4      ,mrs4 ,jessie
 ,doan and five other passengers1       
injured ,oct4 #aa1     caused by train  
,no4 #ae being derailed one-half mile   
east of ,morse     station1 caused by   
reason of a brake-shoe on the tank of   
the     engine coming off2 this         
brake-shoe had an old defect4      ,j4  
,e4 ,fitzsimmons1 passenger1 injured    
near ,hedley1 by derailment     of train
 ,no4 #caf1 on which he was riding4     
,none of which would have happened if   
some one had not failed to perform his  
duty1 and when every accident1 no matter
 how slight1 is investigated by an      
expert--who reports not to the officer  
who may be primarily at fault1 but to   
the chief operating officer--to         
ascertain the actual cause and find a   
remedy1 such cases will be largely      

eliminated4  ,the same is true of       
injuries like the following1 resulting  
from trains breaking in two3      ,r4   
,b4 ,janeway1 passenger1 and ,j4 ,p4    
,mitchell1 baggageman1 injured     ,jan4
 #ith near ,gray4 ,train ,no4 #bhj broke
 in two and rear end ran     into head  
end4      ,george ,burgan and ,w4 ,l4   
,smith and two other stockmen1 injured  
at     ,newport1 ,neb41 ,nov4 #bast2    
train broke in two1 and when the two    
parts came together these men1 who were 
sitting on the locker in     way-car1   
were knocked down4  ,another class of   
accidents which are of altogether too   
frequent occurrence are injuries caused 
by trains not stopping long enough for  
passengers to alight4  ,frequently the  
persons injured are old people not      
accustomed to traveling1 who are        
necessarily slow in their movements1 and
 of whom we should take greater care4   
,think how you or ,i would feel if our  
mother or grandmother1 if we were       
fortunate enough to have them with us   

still1 were injured just because a      
conductor or brakeman didn't have       
forethought or decency enough to give   
them time to get off4 ,if you will do   
that1 there will not be a procession of 
such cases as the following1 and the    
companies will be so much ahead4        
,mrs4 ,a4 ,j4 ,denman1 passenger from   
,norwood to ,avon1 injured at           
,garwin1 ,sept4 #gth2 caused by the     
train not stopping long enough     for  
her to alight4      ,mrs4 ,c4 ,e4       
,collinwood and ,c4 ,collinwood1        
passengers on train ,no4     #cb1 from  
,omaha1 injured at ,hamburg1 ,oct4      
#agth2 caused by train     starting     
before they had an opportunity to get   
off4      ,p4 ,j4 ,wilkins1 passenger1  
injured at ,johnsport1 at #a3aj a4m41   
,oct4     #ca1 getting off train ,no4   
#ce1 while in an intoxicated condition2 
brakeman gave signal for train to start 
as the man was coming down     the      
steps1 thinking as he claims1 that the  
man would have gotten     off before    

train started2 both the brakeman and the
 conductor of     train knew that the   
man was intoxicated4      ,sarapino     
,guiseppi1 injured at ,engletown1 ,sept4
 #bf1 at #f3ae p4m4     ,when train     
stopped at ,engletown a number of       
passengers crowded     onto it and1     
before this man had an opportunity to   
get off1 the     train started1 and1    
while alighting1 he fell and was run    
over and     lost his left arm4  ,it    
seems to me that if the instructions    
contained in ,rule #ai1 requiring the   
announcing of stations by brakemen1 were
 complied with and thereby passengers   
given ample notice of the approach of   
the train to their destination1 they    
would be prepared to get off instead of 
in the present method1 or1 rather1 lack 
of method1 as the rule is so seldom     
observed as to cause comment when it is 
complied with1 and if1 before giving the
 signal to start1 trainmen would get    
upon the car platform and look into the 
cars to see that there was no one else  

to get off1 especially should this be   
done at night when passengers are tired 
and sleepy1 when platform lights are not
 any too numerous1 and with             
excursionists1 and picnickers who are   
often none too sober and who are not    
accustomed to moving quickly1 and if at 
division terminals trainmen would pay   
more attention to assisting passengers  
off instead of being in such a hurry to 
cut off a car1 getting their markers1 or
 getting away from the train1 not only  
would such accidents as those last      
enumerated be avoided1 but the journey  
would be made much more comfortable to  
passengers2 and the road doing this     
would increase its traffic4 ,deadheads1 
who mostly ride in ,pullmans or private 
cars1 do not realize how annoying and   
exasperating to paying passengers is the
 present method of trainmen1 going into 
the cars and pretending to call stations
 in some dead language1 or by talking to
 themselves4 ,in transferring passengers
 from express to local trains trainmen  

must bear in mind that the passenger is 
frequently unaccustomed to the          
surroundings1 is generally overanxious  
about getting off so as not to miss     
connections1 and coming from a lighted  
car out into the darkness1 in his hurry 
and excitement may not notice that the  
train is running2 in these cases the    
train is always moving so smoothly the  
passenger thinks 7or says he does7 that 
it has stopped1 and off he goes1 and it 
is necessary1 to prevent such accidents 
occurring1 to exercise the greatest     
care1 and by proper announcement make it
 plain to all such passengers that ample
 time will be given them to alight1 and 
that the train they are to take cannot  
pull out until after your train does4   
,and when you are receiving passengers1 
especially on mixed or freight trains1  
don't start until they have a chance to 
get seated1 and then such cases as the  
following won't occur3      ,mrs4 ,a4   
,l4 ,bishop1 passenger on freight train 
#ia from ,milton to     ,jessop1 had    

gotten into caboose1 but had not time to
 get seated     before train started    
with a jerk2 she was thrown down and    
injured4      ,mrs4 ,mary ,hanson1      
passenger from ,grant to ,portsmouth1 on
 train #ae1     ,june #dth1 #a3ae p4m4  
,before she had time to get to her seat1
 train     started1 and she was thrown  
down and injured4  ,when you are making 
your station stop1 don't jerk your      
train1 after it has stopped1 or is about
 to stop1 and while the passengers are  
getting off1 as they surely will        
commence to do so as soon as 7if not    
before7 the train is stopped4 ,don't    
pull up or back up a few feet to get to 
the standpipe or coal chute1 because if 
you do1 some one is liable to get hurt1 
as the following did3      ,dr4 ,h4 ,q4 
,johnson1 passenger1 injured at ,dale1  
,sept #f2 train ,no4     #fjc1 stopped  
at station platform and then started to 
move ahead     again4 ,dr4 ,johnson     
stepped from platform onto steps of     
coach and1     as he did so1 brakes were

 set to emergency and train stopped     
suddenly2 he was thrown against the edge
 of vestibule4      ,helen ,kennedy1 a  
child #b-a_/b years old1 with its       
parents1 was on     train ,no4 #gc1     
bound for ,stratford2 had gotten up for 
the purpose     of getting off at       
,henderson1 ,march #bf4 ,train stopped  
and as     passengers were on the       
platform it was backed up without       
notice1     and this child was thrown1  
and her arm went between the car        
platforms1 badly bruising and cutting   
it1 just missed taking it     off4  ,and
 when you are pulling into a station and
 intend to take water and are going to  
run by the pipe a few feet1 don't use   
the emergency brake to stop with1       
because1 if you do1 some one is liable  
to get hurt4 ,nearly every one has been 
on a train when this has been done      
contrary to ,rules #db and #dc1 and if  
you enginemen could hear some of the    
uncomplimentary remarks that are made   
about you and the company on such       

occasions1 you would feel like thirty   
cents4 ,and when it is raining to beat  
the band1 stop your trains so that the  
passengers can get off opposite the     
station building and avoid getting wet1 
do not pull them by a couple of hundred 
feet just because the locomotive is     
thirsty4 ,pull up to the tank after the 
passengers get on and off1 so says ,rule
 #bd1 and the women1 and men1 too1 for  
that matter1 will think you are a dandy 
and vote for you the next time you run  
for school trustee2 and perhaps1 by so  
doing1 you may prevent your best girl   
spoiling her dress4  ,and when you are  
running an engine you want to know that 
its grease-cups are screwed on tight and
 that its brake-shoes are not cracked1  
if you do not want to have cases like   
the following3      ,fred4 ,c4          
,mitchell1 while waiting for a train on 
station platform     at ,lucian1 ,feb4  
#ast1 was struck and fatally injured by 
a     grease-cup plug from engine ,no4  
#bjf4      ,chas4 ,c4 ,wilson1 standing 

on the platform at ,newton1 ,june #cjth1
 to     take passage on a train2        
brake-shoe on engine ,no4 #gaf1 running 
through the station at #fj or #fe miles 
an hour1 broke1 and part of     it      
struck him on the foot4  ,one of the    
rules most frequently disregarded is    
,no4 #aa1 prohibiting a train on the    
double track pulling through a station  
while another one is standing there     
unloading passengers4  ,about nine times
 out of ten you can do it without an    
accident1 but the tenth time some one   
will get hurt and you will get a        
vacation from #cj days to life4 ,i know 
it is tantalizing1 when you are pulling 
a fast train and are1 perhaps a little  
late1 to be compelled to stop and wait  
until the other train has pulled out1   
and its last car passed the end of the  
platform nearest you1 when you could    
sneak through the station and save a    
little time1 and perhaps no harm be done
 and no one be the wiser2 but don't do  
it1 because the rule says you must not4 

,if that part of the rule which says1   
,when two trains are nearing a station  
from opposite directions at the same    
time1 and only one of them is scheduled 
to stop1 the train making the stop must 
reduce speed and let the other through  
the station before it arrives was       
complied with1 the trouble would be     
largely overcome4  ,you men who are     
running stations should see that your   
platform lamps are not only kept clean  
and properly filled1 but that after dark
 they are burning so that passengers    
won't get hurt falling off platforms in 
the dark1 and that the platforms are    
kept clear of freight as per ,rule #ag2 
that baggage and express trucks are     
placed where patrons won't fall over    
them1 and1 if there is a fast train     
coming1 especially a mail or newspaper  
train1 notify the passengers and get    
them inside the depot1 the only safe    
place at such times4 ,especially is this
 necessary on the double track4 ,if     
there is a broken plank or a hole in the

 station platform1 nail a board over it 
until the carpenters can get around to  
fix it4 ,see that the platforms are kept
 clear of snow and ice2 but when there  
is ice on the platform throw ashes or   
sand over the ice so that people won't  
slip on it4 ,and if you have people     
waiting for trains at your station1     
especially in the night-time1 see that  
the fire in the stove in the            
waiting-room is kept going so that they 
will be comfortable and not catch cold4 
,it will take you less time to do these 
things than it will to make a report of 
an injury1 and then cases like these    
won't be put up to your claim agent to  
guess at3      ,mrs4 ,j4 ,p4 ,gedney1   
injured at ,ontario1 ,june #bd1 #aj3bg  
p4m41 was     at station to take passage
 on train ,no4 #ag1 went out of a       
lighted     waiting-room onto a dark    
platform and fell4      ,mrs4 ,mollis   
,schmella and ,dr4 ,cleveland1 injured1 
passengers on     train #ca1 arrived at 
,altruria #h3cj p4m41 ,saturday1 ,aug4  

#bast2     raining2 got off train1 no   
lights on platform2 doors of depot      
locked1 and fell from platform to track4
      ,m4 ,o4 ,hudson1 passenger from   
,elton to ,woodbridge1 on train ,no4    
#dg1     arriving at latter place ,aug4 
#bhth1 at #ab3cj a4m41 got off coach    
and ran up to baggage car to get        
baggage2 in doing so ran against        
train signal on platform1 was thrown    
down and injured2 no lights     on      
platform or in signal4      ,s4 ,w4     
,thomas1 passenger on train ,no4 #dh1   
injured at ,harkrader1 ,oct     #bast1  
at #aa3bj p4m41 was getting off chair   
car1 which stood #aej     ft4 south of  
the platform2 there were no lights1 and 
the porter     had no lantern1 and when 
he stepped from the car step to the     
porter's box he slipped and fell4  ,and 
sweep the car platforms1 so passengers  
won't slip on banana peels1 and then    
such a case as the following won't      
happen3      ,h4 ,t4 ,witheridge1       
injured at ,wingate1 ,aug4 #d1 #aijc1   

caused by his     slipping on a banana  
peeling left on the platform of a coach 
in     train ,no4 #agf by the car       
cleaners4  ,when passengers are carried 
on freight trains ,rule #ab says the car
 in which they are riding must stop at  
the platform to unload them4 ,don't do  
it out in the yard1 and1 if you have to 
do switching after unloading the        
passengers1 stop at the station platform
 as you are pulling out and give the    
passengers a chance to get on and not   
compel them to go into the yard in order
 to do so4 ,if at night1 they might fall
 into a culvert or over some obstruction
 alongside the track and get hurt1 and1 
if the platform at the station is short1
 arrange your work so as to make one    
stop where the passengers can get off   
safely1 and notify them1 so they will   
know when they can do so2 and be sure to
 assist them in getting on and off1     
especially the old men and women1 the   
children1 and the cripples 7that is what
 ,rule #bc says1 you always do it for   

the young and pretty girls7 and then we 
won't be trying to conjure up excuses   
for cases like the following1 or pay for
 them either3      ,miss ,belle         
,saunders1 injured at ,milwood1 ,dec4   
#ad1 was a passenger     on train ,no4  
#af from ,homer to ,milwood4 ,a mixed   
train4 ,it was     stopped some distance
 from the passenger station2 the        
passengers     were allowed to alight1  
and in getting from the track to the    
street going down the embankment she    
fell and sprained her left     ankle4   
,it has been the custom to stop this    
train at this point for     some time   
and allow the passengers to get off     
there1 the busses     coming up as near 
as they could to take them to the hotel4
      ,mrs4 ,a4 ,zuehlke1 injured at    
,granby1 ,oct4 #ajth1 at #f3aj p4m41 in 
getting off a train on which she had    
been riding as a passenger2     the     
station platform is so short that only  
the platform of one car     in train can
 be stopped at it4      ,mrs4 ,mary ,h4 

,crawford1 passenger1 injured at        
,beulah1 ,oct4 #acth1     getting off   
train ,no4 #ce2 porter allowed her to   
fall1 and she     stepped between       
platform and car steps4  ,many of the   
roads have the steps on coaches that    
come near enough to the ground so that  
such accidents are practically          
impossible1 but on the ,pullmans and on 
cars of some of the roads they are so   
high from the station platform as to    
require a ladder to get on them4 ,why   
they are not all made on a proper and   
safe standard no one seems to know4     
,another cause of injury to passengers1 
especially children1 who always want the
 windows open1 is by the windows falling
 and injuring them4 ,nearly always their
 little hands or fingers get hurt2 or by
 ventilators falling on their heads4    
,when you have an accident caused by a  
window falling examine it immediately   
and1 if the catches are all right1 show 
the injured person or1 if a child1 the  
man or woman in whose charge it is      

traveling1 that is was not the fault of 
the window catch1 and at the same time  
call the attention of some intelligent  
passenger and of your brakeman to the   
matter and have them try the window     
catch1 and send in their names and      
addresses with your report4 ,if1        
however1 the catch is defective report  
the fact1 but don't advertise it1 and   
whenever you find any defective catches 
or anything else wrong about a car in   
your train call the attention of the    
first car repairer you meet to the      
matter and have it repaired1 and report 
it to your superintendent4 ,if the car  
repairers would make an examination of  
the windows1 their catches1 and of the  
ventilators1 for the purpose of finding 
out their actual condition1 we would get
 rid of many such cases4 ,do the same   
thing with the matting in the aisles1   
and when there is a hole in it get it   
fixed1 or get a new one4 ,if you can't  
do that1 take the matting up and so     
prevent any one falling on it4          

,ruth ,darman1 child five years old1    
injured ,december #beth1 near           
,correctionville1 was riding in coach   
#bfi1 train ,no4 #ci2 caused by         
ventilator window falling and striking  
her1 injuring her head4      ,j4 ,e4    
,wills1 passenger on train ,no4 #be1    
,january #beth1 stumbled     over the   
zinc at end of matting1 which was out of
 condition1 in     coach ,no4 #fei4     
,mrs4 ,jones1 passenger1 injured        
,september #bc;d1 at ,junction1 was     
riding in coach #dhj1 train #fe1 when   
train stopped at ,junction4 ,she        
walked to rear end of coach and in doing
 so caught her foot in a     hole in the
 aisle matting and fell forward on her  
face4      ,nora ,holm1 #c years of age1
 injured near ,henshaw1 ,july #bdth2    
caused     by a window in coach #cch1   
train #i1 falling on her arm1 on account
     of a defective spring4  ,and1      
speaking of aisles1 so far as possible  
get passengers to keep their valises1   
suit cases1 and bundles out of the      

aisles so that other passengers won't   
fall over them4 ,if the glass in a door 
gets broken1 when the train is running1 
be sure that the glass is taken out of  
the frame1 so that passengers won't     
catch their hands on it4 ,take pains to 
see that your passengers1 especially the
 old and infirm1 the women1 and         
children1 are provided with seats1 and  
when some passenger1 whether man or     
woman1 who has paid for only one seat or
 is riding on a pass1 is occupying three
 or four seats1 have them make room for 
those standing4 ,pay some attention to  
ventilation--in cold weather open the   
ventilators on the side the smoke trails
 on1 and then there won't be any        
draught4 ,in other words1 comply with   
,rule #bj and then cases like the       
following1 which seem to be on the      
increase1 won't happen3      ,mrs4      
,alice ,gahriels1 passenger from        
,clinton1 ,iowa1 to ,lincoln1     ,neb41
 on train ,no4 #c1 ,june #b;d1 while    
returning from the dining car           

between ,cedar ,rapids and ,belle       
,plaine stumbled over a valise which    
was left in the aisle of the chair car  
and fell and was injured4      ,mrs4    
,little1 passenger1 injured at ,van     
,buren ,street depot at #i3eb     p4m41 
,march #ith1 was alighting from train   
,no4 #eid1 and in doing so     took hold
 of frame of vestibule door of coach4   
,the glass in door     had been broken  
and this lady's hand was seriously cut  
on the     broken pieces which had not  
been taken out of the frame4            
,,ejectment ,,of ,,passengers ,,and     
,,others ,,from ,,trains  ,everyone is  
supposed to know that neither passengers
 or tramps should be ejected from a     
train when it is in motion1 and1 in the 
case of passengers1 the ejectment must  
only be made at an open station1 so that
 the person ejected will have a place of
 shelter if at night or if it is        
storming2 that women and children of    
tender years must not be ejected at all2
 and that if a person refusing to pay   

his fare is in such condition as to be  
unable to care for himself1 he must be  
placed in custody of the nearest station
 agent4 ,so says ,rule #ba1 which also  
tells you to make a report of the       
ejectment1 giving the cause thereof and 
names of the witnesses on ,form #iib1 a 
blank which every conductor running a   
train that carries passengers should    
have in his set of blanks1 and use it   
when he puts anyone off4  ,the principal
 trouble in ejectment cases is when     
passengers are put off away from a      
station or when tramps are put off while
 the train is in motion1 resulting often
 in a serious injury1 and1 while very   
frequently the patience of trainmen is  
severely tried by these hoboes1 don't   
put them off when the train is moving4  
,after all1 they are human beings and we
 don't want to maim or kill them4 ,so   
stop the train2 and don't shoot them    
unless in self-defense4 ,i mention the  
following as a few sample cases3        
,charles ,williston1 while in an        

intoxicated condition1 attempted to     
get on train ,no4 #af while same was in 
motion1 at ,alger1 ,march     #afth4    
,baggageman and express messenger was   
standing inside door of     car and saw 
this man getting on2 went to the front  
door1 had the     cross bar in his      
hands1 and ordered the man off4 ,in     
getting off1     ,williston fell and his
 leg was run over4      ,edw4 ,hock1    
injured at ,smithville1 ,march #beth1 by
 being ejected     from extra freight   
train1 while same was running six or    
seven     miles an hour4 ,hock had got  
on train1 having been told by someone   
that he could ride on it--having        
mileage--and conductor made him     get 
off while train was in motion1 and in   
getting off he was     injured4         
,louis ,nelson1 colored boy1 had been   
stealing a ride on train ,no4     extra 
#aab2 was ordered off by conductor at   
,avon1 ,may #aith2 after     he got off 
conductor shot him in the arm4          
,james ,mills1 injured at ,pewaukee1    

,october #bast1 got on milk train       
for the purpose of stealing a ride4 ,was
 ordered off by brakeman     while train
 was in motion4 ,in getting off he fell 
and was run over4  ,when passengers are 
injured by stones or anything else      
thrown through or at the windows of cars
 render them such assistance as you can2
 have the company's surgeon called to   
treat them1 and if the stone or object  
which broke the glass or which caused   
the injury comes in the car pick it up  
and mark it so that you can identify it 
in the future and send it in with your  
report1 as per ,rules #ce and #dj4 ,it  
is as unfortunate that so many such     
cases occur as it is that there is no   
way by which railroads can prevent them1
 and until the ,state and municipal     
authorities take a hand in the matter   
they will continue to happen and        
passengers will continue to lose their  
vision4   ,,injuries ,,to ,,patrons     
,,and ,,damage ,,to ,,their ,,property  
,next come the accidents in which       

patrons are injured and their property  
damaged4 ,it is generally understood1   
and has been the custom on all          
railroads1 and ,rule #ej requires1 that 
before going onto a track on which cars 
are placed to be loaded or unloaded by  
patrons or employees it is the duty of  
the person in charge of the crew to go  
along the track to ascertain if there is
 anyone in the cars1 loading or         
unloading them1 or wagons close enough  
to the cars to be injured or damaged by 
their movement1 and1 if so1 to give     
ample warning in order that such        
persons1 wagons1 and gang planks may be 
moved to a safe place4 ,in the mining   
district especial care should be        
exercised in handling cars being loaded 
or unloaded by the mining companies'    
employees1 many of whom do not          
understand our language or the danger of
 the business1 in order that ample      
opportunity be given them to get off the
 car before it is moved4 ,how often that
 rule and custom is violated is shown by

 the following cases3      ,ludwig      
,hoffmeister1 injured at ,montmorency1  
,july #ab2 some cars     were switched  
down against the car from which he was  
unloading     apples1 without notice to 
him1 and he was thrown down and injured4
      ,h4 ,schurmann1 laborer1 injured  
,april #b at ,hennessy4 ,he was in car  
piling tile when the car was struck by a
 car of coal dropped in on     that     
track1 knocking the tile down on        
,schurmann4      ,foster  ,roberts ,co41
 for value of building at ,lewiston1    
,may #c4     ,engineman and fireman left
 engine and went into factory to get a  
drink2 the engine with car ran away and 
knocked building down4      ,car loaded 
with salt2 was being kicked down main   
line at ,hawkins1     ,october #ab1     
brakes broke1 car ran in on side track  
and struck     another car1 knocking it 
against side of building belonging to   
,blumenthal  ,co41 breaking in the walls
 and damaging machinery4      ,june #h1 
switching crew at ,kempshall backed a   

box car against the     ammonia pipe    
which carries ammonia from the brewery  
to the     bottling works of the        
,kempshall ,brewing ,company1 knocking  
down the     pipe1 which was only twelve
 feet high1 allowing the ammonia to     
escape4  ,no one will pretend that these
 accidents and consequent injuries and  
losses could not have been avoided by   
the exercise of a little forethought and
 care4 ,why not do it and stop them in  
the future1 avoid the injuries and save 
the money they cost8   ,,accidents ,,to 
,,travelers ,,on ,,the ,,highway  ,the  
increasing frequency of accidents to    
travelers crossing the tracks at        
highways1 one-third of which the country
 over are fatal1 are caused by the      
increased number and speed of trains1   
increase in the population of the       
territory through which the roads run1  
by the failure to always give the       
required signal of the approach of the  
train1 frequently by freight trains     
passing through stations at a speed     

prohibited by ,rule #f1 by failure to   
have gates or flagmen at crossings where
 they are needed1 by failure of gatemen 
and flagmen1 when provided1 to properly 
perform their duties on account of      
ignorance or carelessness1 generally the
 former2 but chiefly is the increase    
caused by failure on the part of the    
persons crossing the track to exercise  
any care whatever4 ,gates and flagmen   
are generally disregarded by adults and1
 as a natural consequence1 by children1 
and the result is death and injury4 ,i  
think that as a matter of dollars and   
cents it would be profitable to the     
companies to increase the number and    
quality of flagmen and have greater     
supervision given to this class of the  
service1 as it seems to me a            
self-evident proposition that the lower 
the grade of labor the more supervision 
there is needed4  ,among the many cases 
of this kind1 ,i have selected some     
which will illustrate the matter4 ,they 
are selected for the purpose of calling 

the attention of employees to accidents 
which might be avoided by the exercise  
of care on their part1 and do not       
include any cases caused by such        
negligence on the part of the person    
injured as should bar a recovery4       
,herbert ,janson1 wife1 daughter1 son   
and ,george ,griffith killed2           
,morris ,peck and ,henry ,blume injured1
 ,december #ah1 at #i3jj p4m41     while
 driving across the tracks at ,haskell2 
caused by sleigh being     struck by    
engine running forty miles an hour4     
,headlight not     burning1 as required 
by ,rule #ee4 ,no flagman at this       
crossing at     night4      ,h4 ,s4     
,sorner1 who was riding in an automobile
 across the tracks at     ,morton1      
,april #ad1 was struck by engine2       
automobile was demolished     but       
occupants not seriously injured4 ,no    
gates or flagman at this     crossing4  
,jacob ,reich and ,elbert ,harris struck
 and killed while driving on     #acth  
,st41 ,montgomery1 ,may #bi1 at #e3cj   

p4m41 by engine4 ,gates up4     ,the    
piano wagon on which these men were     
riding was demolished as     well as the
 piano1 and the horse killed4      ,k4  
,l4 ,manson1 injured1 rural mail        
carrier1 struck by switch engine        
,no4 #hfi1 at ,woodmont ,ave41 ,custer1 
,june #ab4 ,there are gates at     this 
crossing1 but they had not been operated
 for a year on     account of being out 
of repair4      ,gertrude ,schiff1 aged 
sixteen years1 and ,gustave ,schiff1    
aged     twenty years1 were injured     
while driving across the tracks at      
first crossing east of ,granton1 ,august
 #i1 at #f3ce p4m41 by being     struck 
by engine4 ,no whistle was blown for the
 station and bell     not rung4 ,the    
station employee1 whose duty it was to  
be on the     crossing to flag same when
 trains were passing1 had left there    
only an instant before the accident in  
order to go to the station     house to 
assist in loading and unloading baggage 
for another     train4      ,h4 ,l4     

,connors1 driving across the tracks near
 ,lowell1 ,november #ah1     was struck 
by engine4 ,no whistle sounded or bell  
rung for the     crossing4 ,whistling   
post not in right place4      ,m4 ,a4   
,graves1 while crossing the tracks at   
#ith ,avenue and ,wilbert     street1   
,ontario1 ,may #h1 was struck by switch 
engine4 ,no one on the     engine knew  
that the accident had occurred4         
,edward ,langdon struck and killed by   
engine at #g3ba p4m41 ,august     #f1 at
 ,water and ,orchard streets1 ,berlin4  
,no one on the engine knew     that an  
accident had occurred2 train traveling  
twenty-five miles     an hour4          
,ordinance provides speed limit of      
twelve miles an hour2     gates at this 
crossing1 but not in operation4 ,if     
,rule #f had been     complied with this
 accident would not have occurred4      
,wagon belonging to the ,empire ,novelty
 ,company struck at ,calkins at         
#i3cg a4m41 ,october #bi2 wagon and     
contents badly damaged4 ,flagman     at 

crossing claims to have been sick at the
 time of the accident1     was in his   
shanty sitting down4 ,he could not speak
 or understand     ,english4 ,driver    
injured4  ,many of these crossing       
accidents occur and no one on the engine
 knows that they happen4 ,whether it is 
because of the kind and position of the 
headlight now used or because the men on
 the engine are not keeping a proper    
lookout or by reason of the recent      
manner of construction of the large     
engines1 making it impossible for the   
men in charge always to see an object on
 the track1 ,i do not know1 but ,i      
notice that some of the ,class ,g-#i    
engines have the air cylinder and pump  
on top of the running board4 ,while     
riding on a train the other day1 ,i     
asked an old runner whether they        
obstructed the view4 ,his answer was an 
object lesson4 ,he took his hat and     
placed it in front of the window        
opposite which ,i was riding and asked  
me if that obstructed my view4 ,the     

cylinder could1 ,i think1 be put on the 
tank and the pump below the running     
board1 which is now made wide enough to 
hold a political meeting on4 ,formerly  
they were narrow1 just wide enough for a
 man to walk on1 the old theory of      
construction being1 as ,i understand it1
 that there should be nothing protruding
 from the sides of the boiler which     
would prevent the man in the cab seeing 
the bunting beam4 ,if it were           
practicable to so construct the running 
boards and place air cylinders1 pumps1  
etc41 so that this could now be done1   
the engineman would certainly have a    
much better chance to see1 and possibly 
some of these accidents be avoided4     
,and while the public insist upon our   
running trains at a high rate of speed  
and guarding the crossings with gates1  
flagmen1 or warning bells1 they1 at the 
same time1 for some inexplicable as well
 as unconscionable reason1 attempt to   
hold railroads liable for all deaths and
 injuries1 no matter how great the care 

and foresight the companies have        
exercised1 or how gross the neglect of  
the injured party4 ,it therefore        
behooves us to do everything possible to
 prevent such accidents1 not only that  
we may thereby save life1 but also      
money4  ,if gatemen and flagmen were    
uniformed and given authority to arrest 
persons crossing the track when gates   
are down and a penalty provided and     
enforced against people attempting to   
cross or walk upon a railroad track when
 the gates are down or they are warned  
by a flagman1 accidents at crossings    
would be greatly reduced4 ,as it is now 
the public compels the erection of the  
gates and then almost universally       
disregards them4  ,before leaving this  
subject of accidents at highway         
crossings ,i want to call attention to  
,rule #ab1 which says that when cars are
 being pushed by an engine 7except when 
shifting or making up trains in yards7 a
 flagman must be on the leading car1 and
 ,rule #i1 which requires that when cars

 are being switched over highway or     
street railway crossings a man must be  
stationed on the ground to act as       
flagman4 ,too much importance cannot be 
placed upon the observance of these     
rules1 not occasionally1 but always4 ,if
 employees would comply with them fewer 
people would be injured4 ,try it and    
see4  ,in municipalities1 run as slowly 
and carefully as you can and see that   
the engine bell is always ringing4 ,rule
 #c4 ,freight trains in going through   
stations should reduce their speed and  
do so under control1 as per ,rule #f4   
,the fireman1 as well as the engineman1 
should be on his seat keeping a lookout1
 and not engaged in waving a signal to  
some one on another train or elsewhere1 
or putting in a fire1 and the engineman 
should see that he does this4 ,on the   
double track when you are going to meet 
another train at a crossing1 try to get 
the engine over the highway before the  
tail end of the other train gets by it4 
,if you can't do that1 slow up a little1

 so as to give the people who may be    
waiting a chance to see you1 and1 if you
 think there is danger1 open your       
whistle to let them know that you are   
coming2 that is what the whistle is for4
  ,in the country be sure to sound the  
whistle2 not once1 but four times as    
required by ,rule #b1 and see that the  
bell is kept ringing until the crossing 
is passed1 at dangerous and obscure     
crossings where you can neither see the 
travelers approaching nor they you2 if  
you are running at a high rate of speed1
 sound the whistle before you get to the
 post1 as well as at it4 ,the law       
requiring the giving of this warning    
eighty rods from the highway was enacted
 when few trains exceeded twenty-five   
miles an hour4 ,now1 when few passenger 
trains make less than forty1 and many   
over seventy1 in the open country1 so   
little time elapses between the sounding
 of the whistle and the reaching of the 
highway that when possible more timely  
notice should be given4  ,and ,i want to

 say here that one of the difficulties  
met with in this class of cases1 is the 
fact that sometimes engineers fail to   
blow the whistle and ring the bell1 and 
as long as men are human ,i suppose such
 things will happen2 but let us commence
 now and try to do it every time4 ,the  
greater the storm of rain1 snow1 or     
wind1 the denser the fog1 or the darker 
the night1 the more important it is to  
give the warning4 ,in most of the states
 the law provides penalties for failure 
to sound whistle or bell4 ,some day they
 will be enforced4  ,if there is any way
 to discover whether the engineman and  
trainmen are observing the signals1     
which are located along the track for   
the protection of the passengers1 other 
employees1 travelers on the highways1   
themselves1 and the property in their   
care1 other than having inspectors      
observe their action on approaching     
signals1 and ascertain if they give the 
required warning of their approach to   
highway crossings1 etc41 and you will   

advise the managements what it is1 ,i am
 sure they will be glad to adopt such a 
plan4 ,it has always been customary to  
have auditors examine the accounts of   
officers and agents handling money to   
see that not only are their accounts    
correct1 that the money collected is    
remitted1 but also to ascertain if the  
business of the company is done in      
accordance with the rules and a correct 
record kept of the transactions4 ,no one
 for an instant thinks that the fact    
that the officers' and agents' accounts 
are examined is any discredit to them2  
most of us are not only willing but     
anxious that it should be done1 as it is
 a protection to us as well as to the   
company4 ,and if it is necessary to     
check up the officers and agents who    
handle money1 is it not much more       
necessary to check up men who handle    
human beings and property of immense    
value1 to see that they observe signals 
and rules before1 instead of after1 an  
accident8  ,and as it sometimes happens 

that an engineman will not notice that  
his headlight has gone out1 especially  
when there is snow on the ground1 any   
employee who sees an engine moving after
 dark without the headlight burning     
should stop it and tell the engineman2  
if you can't do it yourself call up the 
train dispatcher1 so he can do it at the
 next station4   ,,trespassers          
,occasionally we have an accident in    
which trespassers are killed or injured 
while walking or playing on the tracks1 
which might be avoided by greater care  
and watchfulness to discover their      
danger1 by warning them of the          
approaching train1 either by continuous 
sounding of the whistle1 by slowing up1 
or by stopping when you have reason to  
think they do not know a train is       
coming1 especially on the double track  
when trains are moving on both tracks4  
,the most heartrending of them all are  
injuries to children1 and1 sometimes1 to
 women4  ,let me cite you several of    
such cases3      ,albert ,jennings1 ten 

years old1 was sitting on the tracks    
north of     ,lampton1 ,july #i1 at     
#aj3de a4m41 where he was struck by a   
work     train of twenty-two empty flats
 backing north and both legs            
crushed4 ,air not coupled in as required
 by ,rule #dd2 no hand brakes     on the
 cars4 ,conductor was on the front car2 
claims he was keeping     a lookout1 and
 although he had a clear view for over a
 quarter of     a mile says he did not  
see the boy until he was within three or
     four car lengths of him4           
,charles ,west1 aged eighteen months1   
struck and killed #a1jjj feet     south 
of ,savannah ,station1 ,june #af1 by    
train4 ,child came on track     through 
a break in the right of way fence4      
,margaret ,kennedy1 struck and killed on
 ,june #ac1 at #f3aj p4m41     while    
walking on the tracks inside the city   
limits of ,utopia1 by     engine running
 about twenty-five miles an hour2       
although the     engineman saw her in   
time to have stopped1 he did not realize

 that     she did not see or hear the   
train coming1 and failed to do so4      
,mrs4 ,helen ,boston1 eighty-four years 
old1 struck and killed on a     bridge  
near ,lenox1 ,september #a1 at #d3ce    
p4m41 by engine4 ,track is     straight 
for about two miles and a half east of  
place of accident1     and the woman    
wore a bright pink dress skirt4 ,no one 
on the engine     knew the accident had 
happened4      ,december #ba1 engine ran
 over ,g4 ,p4 ,krauss1 at #e3dj p4m41 a 
quarter     of a mile south of          
,slazenger4 ,engineman says he saw      
something     lying on the track and    
thought it was a bough of evergreen4 ,he
 did     not know until he reached the  
station that anybody had been struck4   
,as the traffic and population increase1
 cases of this kind grow in number1 and1
 for some unknown reason1 the public    
think that1 while they must keep off the
 property of private individuals1 where 
there is no danger1 they are privileged 
to go onto a railroad track where       

everyone knows there is great danger1   
and after doing so a few times1 the     
courts say they have a license to do so1
 and that we must look out for them and 
see that they don't get hurt4 ,on the   
same theory ,i suppose the courts would 
say after a man burglarizes your house  
six or seven times that he has a license
 to try it again1 and if he gets hurt   
because too much force was used in      
throwing him out1 that you must respond 
in damages4 ,so when you discover that  
people1 old or young1 are making a      
custom of walking through the yards or  
on the track1 report it to your         
superintendent before1 not after1       
someone is killed or injured1 and he    
will try to stop it4 ,and if you find a 
child or a drunken man on the track1    
drive him off1 because if you don't they
 are likely to get killed2 and your     
company will not only back you up but   
thank you for your thoughtfulness4      
,,injuries ,,to ,,outsiders  ,rule #bg  
says that cars must be placed so as not 

to project over highway crossings1 and  
yet any one going over a railroad will  
see any number of them so left1 and the 
result is that about once in so often a 
wagon strikes a car in an attempt to get
 across1 a horse is frightened1 and a   
runaway results1 someone is hurt1 and   
money paid to settle the claim4      ,a 
serious case of this kind occurred at   
,warburton1 ,july #i1 in     which ,mrs4
 ,jansen was fatally injured1 caused by 
her horse being     frightened by a     
freight car which was left standing     
fifteen feet     in the highway1 the end
 of the car being on the crossing plank4
     ,horse ran away and she was thrown 
out4  ,when cars are left in such       
position they not only frighten horses  
and cause accidents similar to the one  
last mentioned1 but also obstruct the   
view of approaching trains4 ,both the   
law and rules of the company prohibit   
this1 and the practice should be        
stopped4  ,and right here ,i want to    
call attention to ,rule #cb1 which      

prohibits engines standing within #ajj  
feet of a highway crossing1 under a     
bridge1 or near cars occupied by        
passengers1 when it can be avoided1 and 
yet the rule is so often disregarded    
that one wonders whether any one knows  
of its existence4 ,especially is this so
 with engines hauling passenger trains  
stopping at stations and occupying half 
of the highway1 when they could just as 
conveniently be back some distance from 
it4  ,the stoppage of trains with the   
rear car standing in the highway should 
also be avoided so far as possible1     
particularly in the winter time1 when   
there is always more or less steam      
leaking from the hose1 as it is likely  
to frighten horses waiting to get by or 
in crossing the track4  ,rules #ah and  
#ej say that trains must not block      
highway crossings more than five        
minutes4 ,the failure to observe these  
rules is the cause of as much1 if not   
more1 criticism and profanity on the    
part of the public than almost any other

 one thing that train and switchmen do4 
,no one but the person who is waiting to
 get across the track1 and sometimes it 
is a doctor answering an emergency call1
 can realize how tantalizing and        
annoying it is1 so1 for goodness sake1  
observe the rules in the future4        
,,lock ,,turntables  ,turntables should 
be locked 7that is what ,rule #ca says71
 and yet they are often left unlocked4  
,the result is that children are        
attracted to the place1 and sooner or   
later one of the little ones gets hurt  
as did the following1 which are cited as
 examples3      ,anthony ,young1 a      
ten-year-old boy1 had his foot caught at
     ,grandison1 ,march #cj1 while      
playing on turntable which was          
unlocked4      ,phillip ,chartres1 eight
 years old1 injured at ,alvin1 ,august  
#ad1     #b3cj p4m41 while playing on   
turntable1 which is about #a1djj feet   
north of roundhouse4 ,turntable was not 
locked4  ,now1 it wouldn't take but an  
instant to lock the turntable4 ,why not 

do it and prevent some child1 perhaps   
your own1 from going through life a     
cripple8  ,be careful not to leave any  
torpedoes around that are not attached  
to the rail1 as required by ,rule #g1   
and never put them on a rail in a       
highway2 if you do children may pick    
them up and in playing with them get    
injured as did      ,john ,newton1 aged 
nine years1 ,june #cj1 about two miles  
north of     ,walker4 ,this little boy  
with his sister and another boy were    
returning from school1 walking along the
 track4 ,they picked up a     torpedo   
lying alongside the track1 and after    
trying to open it     with a knife young
 ,newton placed the torpedo on the rail 
and     struck it with a stone1 the     
torpedo exploded and pieces of the tin  
striking him in the eyes and face1 badly
 injuring him4   ,,damage ,,by ,,fire   
,,to ,,adjacent ,,property  ,one of the 
great risks that every railroad that    
uses coal for fuel runs is the risk of  
fire to adjacent property started by    

sparks or ashes from engines4 ,any man  
running an engine ought to know from the
 sparks thrown out and fires started    
whether the engine is in good or bad    
order4 ,rule #bi says that the enginemen
 must report defects in netting and ash 
pans2 this is required so that if the   
inspector overlooks the defect1 or if   
one occurs between the regular          
inspections1 it will be remedied before 
any damage is done1 and if an engine is 
throwing more fire than she ought to1 it
 is up to the engineer to report it and 
get it fixed4 ,it will take less time   
than to make a report about the fire and
 condition of the engine1 and1 at the   
same time save both the owner of the    
property and the company a loss4 ,in the
 lumber and sawmill country it is       
especially important that this be done1 
and where engines are working in or     
around sawmills1 lumber yards1 powder   
and tie plants1 and other places where  
danger of fire is great1 the apparatus  
for preventing the escape of fire should

 be absolutely perfect1 and it ought to 
be the personal business of the         
engineman to know that fact2 he should  
be present when the inspection is made1 
and see that it is done thoroughly1 the 
same as he would if he and not the      
company had to foot the bill if the     
engine started a fire4  ,on the outlying
 divisions where traffic is light and   
trains are few1 if an engine starts a   
fire1 stop and put it out4 ,if          
conditions are such that you can't do   
that with safety1 drop a note off to the
 first section crew or agent1 so that   
they can send men out to extinguish the 
fire4 ,if you don't the ,lord only knows
 where it may run to 7on the western    
prairies ,i have known it to go         
twenty-five miles7 or how much damage it
 will do in the lumber country4  ,if the
 precautions suggested here1 which are  
neither new nor original1 but can be    
found in the rules and on the bulletin  
boards1 had been adopted1 none of the   
following cases would have occurred3    

,june #c1 engine ,no4 #bjda started a   
fire at ,hansel  ,woods ,company's      
powder plant at ,myron ,valley2 netting 
on this engine was in bad     order2 the
 hood provided by the company to be     
placed over the     smokestacks of      
engines going into the plant of this    
company also     in bad condition4      
,a house and contents burned ,april #bj1
 one-half mile south of ,fort           
,andrew1 started by engine ,no4 #agei4  
,this engine was inspected and          
reported to be in good condition1 but   
upon re-examination was     found to be 
defective4      ,on ,august #ag1 engine 
,no4 #eci set out three fires between   
,selkirk     and ,belmont4 ,fires were  
observed by train crew1 but train was   
not     stopped1 and no effort was made 
to extinguish the fires1 which          
burned over #ae1jjj acres of ground1    
destroyed about #a1ajj tons of     hay  
in stack1 one building1 a large acreage 
of winter feed1 fence     posts1 etc4   
,,injuries ,,to ,,employees ,,caused    

,,by ,,the ,,carelessness ,,of ,,other  
,,employees  ,and1 first1 as in the case
 of passengers1 those caused by         
collisions4 ,from the number of         
collisions on the main track and in     
yards one would almost think that the   
general and fundamental customs and     
rules on railroads that ,in case of     
doubt always adopt the safe course1 and 
that ,speed must always be sacrificed to
 safety were seldom observed2 on the    
contrary1 ,i believe it to be the       
exception and not the rule1 else the    
number of accidents resulting from such 
failure1 though many times what they    
should be 7and as long as men are human 
we will have some accidents71 would be  
so much greater in number that people   
would be unwilling to travel at all4 ,i 
believe that in the near future the     
number of such cases will be so greatly 
reduced that the least thoughtful of us 
will stand aghast at the record of #aijd
 and #aije1 and that these fundamental  
rules and the instructions contained in 

what are known as the ,flag ,rules and  
,caution ,card1 will be so strictly     
observed and enforced and that blocking 
of trains by space1 not time1 intervals 
will become so general as to practically
 eliminate this class of accidents1     
which are caused3  ,by failure to watch 
for and observe block and other signals4
  ,by trains following each other too   
closely4  ,by trains following at too   
high a rate of speed4  ,by failure to   
protect trains stopped on the main      
track4  ,by cars not being left in to   
clear at sidings4  ,by switches being   
left wrong4  ,by lack of caution in time
 of storm or fog2 and  ,by general      
carelessness and failure to realize the 
terrible result which is bound to follow
 any lack of care1 failure to comply    
with the rules and the uncertainty of   
detection and punishment if such        
carelessness and failure to comply with 
rules does not cause an accident4       
,every man in the train1 engine1 and    
switching service ought to have every   

requirement of these rules by heart1    
understand exactly what they mean1 and  
be ready at any instant1 and in any     
weather1 to execute them to the letter1 
and no punishment should be too severe  
for failure to observe them to the very 
letter1 for on their faithful observance
 depend the lives of passengers--it may 
be some of your own loved ones--of      
employees1 and the safety of the        
property entrusted to the companies for 
transportation1 as well as their own4   
,and yet1 if the instructions contained 
in the two fundamental rules and those  
known as the ,flag ,rules had been      
observed1 none of the following cases   
and many others that help fill the      
records and the daily press would have  
happened4 ,it is a standing disgrace    
that such accidents happen1 and the     
sooner employees help get the careless  
and reckless men and the drones out of  
the service1 as it is your duty to      
yourself and the companies to do1 the   
quicker the traveling public1           

yourselves1 the property in transit1 and
 that belonging to your employer and    
yourselves1 will be safe and the greater
 your certainty of getting to the end of
 your run to be welcomed by the wife and
 children awaiting you4  ,in this       
connection ,i want to suggest to the    
enginemen that when you discover a cause
 for the sending out of a flagman give  
him a chance to go back before you get  
stopped1 so that he can cover the       
required distance quicker4 ,and as these
 rules are among the most important1 if 
not the most important1 in the book1 ,i 
call especial attention to them4  ,the  
following cases will illustrate how much
 room there is for improvement in this  
regard3      ,joseph ,atkinson1         
brakeman1 injured ,september #bf1 at    
,muggleton4 ,he     was standing on top 
of way-car in train which stopped just  
west of     the depot and then started  
up and ran into side of freight train4  
,alexander ,peabody1 engineer1 ,george  
,f4 ,smivins1 fireman1 injured     at   

#aj p4m41 ,october #c1 on track #c1 near
 ,penryn ,ave41 ,peltonville2     engine
 ,no4 #ghd was backing down track #c1   
and collided with engine     ,no4 #ahia 
standing on that track4 ,instructions   
require engines     running on this     
track must run at slow rate of speed1 so
 as to be     able to stop within their 
vision4 ,the engine was running so fast 
that it could not stop1 although        
,engineer ,peabody saw engine ,no4      
#ahia when #cjj feet distant4      ,j4  
,l4 ,mc,pherson1 yardmaster1 and ,jacob 
,gonorowski1 brakeman1     injured at   
,peeweezle1 ,july #bh1 were in caboose  
of extra engine ,no4     #fgd1 which was
 stopping for drawbridge1 when engine   
,no4 #icg1     ,engineman ,isidore      
,guggenheimer1 ran into the rear of     
train4      ,luke ,m4 ,peters1 engineer1
 injured ,april #ad at ,aromintap1 was  
in     charge of engine ,no4 #badc1     
backing around ,y1 when train ,no4 #ca  
backed into extra ,no4 #gcbf1 to which  
engine ,no4 #badc was attached4      ,l4

 ,p4 ,jarvis1 engineer1 and ,samuel     
,minns1 fireman1 injured     ,november  
#bj1 at #g3ae a4m41 one-half mile east  
of ,peeble's ,corners2     engine ,no4  
#gei had just backed in on side track   
with work train1     and switch had not 
yet been closed2 engine ,no4 #adgc1     
train ,no4 #dh1     ,engineer ,tibbits1 
,conductor ,perry1 came along at a high 
rate of     speed1 and ran into this    
open switch just east of the home       
signal1     colliding with engine ,no4  
#gei4      ,february #ad1 at #h3bj p4m41
 one mile north of ,indianapolis1 ,ohio 
division1 extra freight engine1 ,packard
 conductor1 collided with     ,ohio     
division passenger train ,no4 #aa4 ,this
 freight train had an     order to run  
from ,indianapolis to ,cameron as an    
extra4 ,indiana     division passenger  
train #ada1 due at ,indianapolis at #h  
p4m41 was     #ae minutes late4         
,conductor ,packard of the extra was on 
station     platform when this train    
pulled in4 ,he supposed it was ,ohio    

division ,no4 #aa and so told his       
engineer1 and pulled out and met        
,no4 #aa a mile from the station4 ,two  
engineers and one fireman were          
killed and five trainmen injured4 ,if   
,rule #ec requiring conductors     and  
engineers of trains at meeting points to
 ascertain by word of     mouth what    
trains they are had been complied with  
accident would     have been avoided4   
,nov4 #e freight train ,no4 #eb slowed  
down to take side track at ,park        
,rapids when extra freight moving in    
same block1 on caution card1     ran    
into caboose and rear brakeman was      
killed4 ,if ,rules #g1 #ad or     #ae   
had been complied with accident would   
not have occurred4  ,rule #ab;a says3   
,when you get a train order the         
conductors must read it aloud and then  
sign it and show it to the engineman1   
the rear brakeman or flagman1 and the   
engineman must show it to the fireman   
and in case of freight train to the head
 brakeman1 who are required to read it1 

the object being that every employee on 
the train will know what the order is   
and if the engineman or conductor forget
 it the brakeman or fireman may remember
 and by remembering prevent an accident4
   ,,derailments  ,next come injuries   
caused by derailments1 which generally  
result from running into open switches1 
off derails1 too fast running at bad    
places in the track1 defective equipment
 or track4 ,nearly all of the cases     
would be avoided by careful running1    
proper inspection of track and          
equipment1 and by compliance with the   
rules4      ,oct4 #ba4 #aj a4m4         
,passenger train #da derailed near      
,venice while     running around a      
reverse curve fifty miles an hour4      
,engineer     killed2 fireman and twenty
 passengers injured4      ,april #bg4   
,way car jumped track at middle lead    
switch in ,pewaukee     yard and        
switchman ,jno4 ,williams killed2 ,jas4 
,grant and ,robert     ,riley injured4  
,lemuel ,izzard and ,l4 ,wackles1       

killed2 ,r4 ,p4 ,bownes1 engineman1     
,roderick ,bloke1 stockman1 ,robert     
,castel1 fireman1 ,c4 ,plympton1        
brakeman1 injured1 four miles west of   
,beadleston1 ,july #bd4 ,train     ,no4 
#cf had broken air hose or axle1        
derailing and throwing third     car    
from engine onto westbound track just as
 train ,no4 #ih was     coming4 ,train  
,no4 #ih ran into derailed car and #ad  
cars of time     freight burned up4     
,izzard and ,wackles were stealing a    
ride on     train ,no4 #cf4             
,,accidents ,,caused ,,by ,,defective   
,,equipment  ,i shall next call your    
attention to accidents caused by defects
 in the equipment1 especially in that of
 freight cars and engines4 ,they are of 
such frequent occurrence as to no longer
 attract attention1 but when the time   
comes that the man who inspects reports 
not to the foreman1 whose duty it is to 
keep the equipment in repair1 but to a  
superior1 whose duty it is to find      
defects1 there will be a material       

reduction in such cases4 ,train and     
enginemen should report defects         
discovered by them on ,form #iie and    
attach card to truss rod of car or      
locomotive tank4 ,and first we will take
 up those caused by defective cars3     
,j4 ,i4 ,smindorf1 brakeman1 killed at  
,snook's ,junction1 by falling     from 
car1 ,september #h1 at #g3dj p4m4 ,the  
running board was rotten     and full of
 holes2 the brake at the north end of   
the car would not     hold on account of
 having a loose ratchet wheel4      ,p4 
,l4 ,merritt1 conductor1 injured at     
,pencost1 ,november #ab1 was            
climbing down side of car2 screw pulled 
out of top handhold1     allowing       
,merritt to fall to the ground1 striking
 on a rail4      ,randolph ,smuck1      
brakeman1 injured at ,parrott1 ,april   
#c1 was going     down side car2 stirrup
 was gone and he fell to the ground4    
,matthew ,brummage1 switchman1 injured  
,january #d1 at ,keewahtah1 was         
riding on car which was being switched2 

he tightened the brake1     but the dog 
was in bad order and he had to hold     
brake with his     hand4 ,there was two 
inches of slack on the bottom brake rod1
 the     chain slipped1 and he was      
thrown from the car and his left foot   
run over4  ,how many of the accidents   
caused by defective running boards1     
handholds1 ladders and brakes would have
 been avoided had ,rules #be1 #bf1 and  
#bh1 requiring trainmen to examine cars1
 brakes1 and ladders and to set out bad 
order cars been complied with1 ,i leave 
you to guess4 ,and why when such defects
 are discovered by train and yard men   
they do not report them to the next crew
 taking the car1 so as to prevent any of
 the latter being injured1 ,i never     
could understand4  ,one cause of the    
great increase in accidents by trains   
breaking in two and by defective        
couplers is probably on account of the  
fact that many of the automatic couplers
 are commencing to wear out and are not 
repaired or renewed promptly enough1    

and1 also1 because the levers and chains
 of the coupling apparatus do not       
receive sufficient attention4 ,another  
reason is because of the unnecessarily  
hard usage given the couplers1          
especially in the yards where trains are
 made up4 ,just why an appliance to save
 life and limb should be abused by the  
employees1 for whose benefit it was put 
on the cars and engines1 is one of the  
things which it would take a mind-reader
 to answer4 ,but the truth of the matter
 is1 as every experienced adjuster      
knows1 that the automatic coupler has   
cost the railroads for equipment and    
freight damaged many times over what it 
cost them to settle claims for personal 
injuries caused by the old link and pin 
coupler2 and when the brotherhoods take 
up such matters as this and try to      
remedy them1 they will not have so many 
crippled members drawing insurance for  
permanent disabilities1 which would have
 been avoided by the proper handling of 
cars4  ,another class of injuries which 

has come with the safety appliance is   
that caused by the bursting of air hose1
 and it is surprising how many of them  
there are4  ,some day a man will get up 
a hose which won't burst1 or which will 
give notice of its intention so to do1  
and we will all rise up and bless him4  
,the following are samples taken from a 
job lot of such cases3      ,g4 ,a4     
,graham1 conductor1 injured ,june #d1   
three-quarters of a mile     north of   
,bogle2 caused by air hose on car       
bursting1 causing ,graham     to fall   
against stove in way-car4      ,k4 ,l4  
,grobbet1 brakeman1 injured one mile    
north of ,brandon2 caused     by the air
 hose bursting1 throwing on emergency   
brakes4 ,this man1     who was in front 
end of way-car1 was thrown to the       
ground4  ,now let us see the result to  
persons by reason of improper loading of
 cars3      ,r4 ,puddles1 switchman1    
injured at ,grammaton1 ,march #d1 was   
hanging     on side of car loaded with  
lumber1 engineman shut off suddenly1    

and when car stopped the lumber slid and
 caught his hand between     lumber and 
stake on car4 ,lumber was loaded in two 
piles #af ft4     lengths1 leaving a    
space of about six or eight inches      
between the     piles4      ,george     
,brownell1 brakeman1 injured ,july #ag1 
one and one-half miles     south of     
,cranton4 ,at ,cranton train extra1     
picked up a car loaded     with logs2   
two stake pockets broke2 logs fell under
 way-car1 which     tipped over4  ,and  
it is just as important to properly     
unload packages of newspapers and mail  
from moving trains1 and to exercise a   
little care in throwing coal from       
engines1 as it is to see that freight is
 securely loaded4 ,the number of        
accidents caused in this way since the  
running of the fast mail and newspaper  
trains commenced would fill a book and  
could all have been avoided by the      
exercise of that care which employees or
 postal clerks would have exercised if  
they1 instead of the company1 had to    

foot the bills caused by their          
carelessness4 ,to me1 it seems not a    
difficult or unreasonable precaution to 
look1 before you throw out a heavy bag  
of mail or half a dozen packages of     
newspapers1 to see that no one will be  
hit by them1 and that they could and    
should be dropped just beyond the far   
end of the station platform1 but never  
in a street or public highway2 and don't
 throw your clinker bars or ash bars off
 engines1 or anything else for that     
matter1 without looking to see if anyone
 is passing and when through with them  
put them in a safe place so they won't  
project and strike anyone on the next   
track or fall off and injure someone4   
,if this had been done cases like the   
following would not have happened3      
,henry ,forbes1 roadmaster1 injured     
,november #c1 at ,marionette1 was       
walking west on station platform1 when  
mail sack was thrown from     train     
struck him on the legs and knocked him  
down4      ,paul ,rhelips1 injured at   

,dragitt1 ,may #ae1 at #e3cj p4m42      
caused by     his being struck with a   
block of hard wood which was tied to a  
letter thrown from train by the         
baggageman1 while passing through       
the station at #de miles per hour4      
,,accidents ,,caused ,,by ,,defective   
,,engines  ,during the last two years   
there has been an epidemic of accidents 
caused by defective grate-shaking       
rigging and defective shoveling sheets  
on engines1 especially of the former4 ,a
 few years ago they were practically    
unknown4 ,now they come so often as to  
create no remark4 ,the following cases  
will demonstrate the necessity either of
 some different apparatus for shaking   
grates of engines1 of greater care in   
using the apparatus1 or of some better  
method of inspection and repair3        
,a4 ,g4 ,kenly1 fireman1 injured near   
,windermere2 caused by the     shovel   
which he was using catching on the      
shoveling sheet of     engine ,no4 #dah4
      ,james ,cooney1 fireman1 injured  

,june #ai1 in ,caster yard1 was         
shaking grates on engine ,no4 #iag1 and 
connecting rod broke1     catching his  
hand between shaker rod and quadrant4   
,h4 ,d4 ,porter1 fireman1 injured near  
,mansfield1 ,may #aj2 caused by         
grate rod breaking as he was shaking the
 grates on engine ,no4 #abhj4  ,next we 
come to a class of accidents which is   
also on the increase and which is of    
comparatively recent origin1 and which1 
,i believe1 could and should be         
absolutely prevented by the exercise of 
a little mechanical ingenuity or which1 
even under present conditions of engine 
construction1 would be avoided by       
greater care on the part of the         
engineman4 ,and some day when an        
injector breaks or a blow-off cock is   
opened as some mechanical superintendent
 is passing an engine1 and his legs are 
scalded1 ,i will bet my next month's    
salary against an #ahii bird nest that  
they will find a way to prevent such    
injuries1 which are as painful as they  

are unnecessary and expensive1 either by
 putting the blow-off cocks under or on 
top of the engines1 instead of having   
them project from the side4      ,w4 ,p4
 ,willard1 engineman1 injured ,july #bb1
 #d miles west of     ,janesville2      
injector on engine ,no4 #dfah broke1 and
 ,willard was     scalded about face and
 head4      ,henry ,jennings1 conductor1
 injured ,october #a1 at #e3ee p4m41    
north     of ,rathburn2 was walking by  
engine1 engineman started the injector  
and threw hot water on ,jennings4       
,edward ,sterns1 night engine inspector1
 injured at ,granby     roundhouse1     
,january #ab1 at #h3de p4m42 he told    
engine dispatcher to     open valve to  
see if sand was running properly2       
dispatcher opened     the blow-off cock 
instead of sand valve1 and steam and hot
 water     scalded ,sterns' right hand  
and leg4  ,every year a number of       
accidents occur to employees caused by  
defects in engines and appliances       
furnished enginemen1 nearly all of which

 could and should be avoided if there   
was a more thorough inspection1 greater 
care taken in repairs and1 what is just 
as necessary1 more care taken by        
enginemen in reporting defects2 and when
 you report defects1 and repairs are not
 made1 call the attention of your master
 mechanic or division roundhouse foreman
 to the matter and ,i doubt not that not
 only will the defects be repaired but  
greater pains will be taken in the      
future to see that your engine is kept  
in good condition4      ,william        
,curbin1 stripper1 injured at ,elmwood  
shops on the #ajth of     ,march1 was   
taking boiler front off engine ,no4     
#cdfa2 removed all     bolts except one1
 and while waiting for crane to be      
attached to     the door to lift it     
away1 the door fell on ,curbin's leg1   
who was     standing on the pilot beam  
of engine4 ,investigation showed that   
the bolt which had not been removed1 and
 which had been left to     hold door1  
was a dummy4      ,g4 ,m4 ,cramer1      

fireman1 injured1 ,september #i1 at     
,huntingdon1 was     climbing up on cab 
of engine ,no4 #ghd1 to get coal chute  
down1 when     brake released1 and on   
account of leaky throttle1 engine       
started     back1 and caught his leg    
between cab of engine and chute4        
,j4 ,b4 ,olsen1 fireman1 overcome by    
heat on engine ,no4 #ida2 caused     by 
absence of lagging on side of engine4   
,m4 ,h4 ,woodrow1 engineman1 and        
,douglas ,evans1 fireman1 injured half  
mile east of ,peverly1 ,june #ai1 caused
 by whistle valve on engine     ,no4    
#bfje becoming stuck1 they being unable 
to fix it1 and they     were almost     
deafened by the continuous whistling4   
,whistle had been     reported on the   
trip before by the engineman1 but was   
not     repaired4      ,henry           
,winterson1 a boiler washer1 injured on 
,may #ae1 at ,kendrick1     was using a 
#d-;ft4 nozzle to wash out boiler of an 
engine1 when the     collar of nozzle   
came off1 and he was thrown against cab 

of     engine1 injuring his back4  ,the 
thought has often occurred to me that if
 the master mechanic or some one other  
than the foreman1 whose duty it is to   
inspect and repair1 would check up the  
work slips ,form ,no4 #ada and          
inspection records to see that the      
repairs called for on them were made1 we
 would not have so many engine failures 
or accidents of this kind4  ,before     
leaving the subject of engines ,i want  
to say a few words about accidents      
caused by the breaking of lubricator    
glasses and water gauges2 they grow more
 frequent every year and until somebody 
invents something to take the place of  
glass--possibly the celluloid glass now 
used on automobiles may be              
available--which will not burst1 as you 
value your eyesight1 which becomes more 
necessary every day as the number1 speed
 of trains1 and signals increase1 carry 
the shields1 which the company has      
provided for your1 not its1 protection1 
over the glass1 not in your seat box as 

many enginemen do now1 and then when the
 glass breaks1 and no one can tell when 
it will do so1 there is little danger of
 your vision being impaired or lost by  
your eyes being struck by flying        
particles of glass4   ,,defective       
,,scaffolds1 ,,derricks1 ,,etc4         
,accidents caused by use of defective   
derricks1 scaffolds1 and the careless   
handling of derricks are comparatively  
new and are one of the recent surprises 
in the business4 ,i venture to say that 
the companies have paid out during the  
last #ah months in the investigation and
 settlement of accidents caused by      
defective scaffolds enough money1 not   
only to furnish the most approved       
scaffold now known1 but to nickel plate 
them as well4 ,the following cases will 
show what is going on in this way3      
,r4 ,b4 ,babcock1 bridgeman1 injured at 
,ferncliff1 a mile and a half     north 
of ,whiteston1 ,jan4 #ad1 while standing
 near derrick mast1     which was being 
raised and put in position on abutment2 

the mast     suddenly slipped1 and      
knocked this man off the abutment to    
concrete foundation #cd feet below1     
breaking his leg in two places     and  
his arm1 and bruising his hip4      ,h4 
,r4 ,roberts1 bridgeman1 killed near    
,red ,creek1 ,march #d1 at #aa     a4m42
 derrick car in rounding curve an       
attempt was made to swing     the boom  
of derrick to outside of curve1 but it  
suddenly swung     over to the other    
side of car and tipped the derrick car  
over2     ,roberts was standing on front
 end of car and jumped1 falling back    
onto the track1 and the derrick tender1 
which did not leave the     track1 ran  
over him4 ,a #bx#d cleat1 nailed on side
 of mast to hold     sling-lines in     
place came off1 allowing ropes1 which   
control     swinging of boom1 to slacken
 so that movement of boom could not be  
controlled4      ,b4 ,h4 ,jackson1      
seriously injured at ,leicester1 ,dec4  
#cj2 caused by     the plank on which he
 was standing1 used for scaffolding1    

slipping     out of the hooks1 on       
account of its being covered with ice   
and     snow1 and allowing him to fall  
#ae ft4 to the ground4  ,within the last
 few years injuries caused by defective 
jacks and drop cables1 which1 when ,i   
commenced to investigate accidents1 were
 unknown1 have become very frequent4 ,i 
mention the following to show what they 
are4 ,all of them would have been       
prevented by proper inspection--not by  
inspections made to find things ,o4,k41 
but by inspections made to find defects2
 and if not made for that purpose they  
had better be discontinued4      ,l4 ,m4
 ,lumpkins1 section foreman1 injured    
,feb4 #bj1 at ,graves2 he     was       
helping car repairer1 and had jacked up 
a car in order to move     the trucks1  
but when ready to let the car down the  
jack would not     work1 and all at once
 gave way1 and ,lumpkins was struck on  
the     head by the lever and knocked   
down1 injuring him4      ,r4 ,j4        
,hopkins1 laborer1 injured ,june #bb1 at

 ,osazi1 was giving     signals to have 
train1 loaded with ties1 moved1 when    
cable broke     and hit him in the face4
  ,in the same category1 while perhaps  
not of the same class1 come accidents at
 coal chutes and water tanks1           
roundhouses1 stations1 and other places4
 ,had inspectors1 repairmen and         
employees using the appliances1 done as 
they would have done if the loss        
occasioned by neglect was to be theirs1 
none of the following accidents would   
have happened3      ,will ,flanigan1    
cinder pitman1 injured ,may #ba1 at     
,cranby shops1 was     raising cinder   
bucket with hoist2 chain broke1 and the 
bucket fell     on his foot4      ,frank
 ,hogan1 fireman1 injured in ,colby     
yard1 ,march #af2 had just     finished 
coaling engine and pushed up lever to   
shut off the coal1     when the pulley1 
over which cable works1 dropped and     
struck him on     the head4      ,w4 ,r4
 ,brady1 fireman1 injured at ,quarton1  
,june #a2 was standing on     tank of   

engine to take water2 rope was frozen   
and coiled up and he     could not reach
 it2 got the ash hoe and caught the rope
 and pulled     the spout down2 when it 
was part way down it fell and struck    
,brady     in the back4      ,d4 ,w4    
,dalmann1 operator and leverman1 injured
 ,aug4 #ab1 at ,hampton2     was in     
interlocking plant throwing distant     
signal1 when chain     connecting lever 
with counterbalance weight broke and he 
was     thrown to the floor4            
,stanley ,lord1 freight brakeman1       
injured at ,rembrandt1 ,may #bj2 was    
unloading freight from a car2 the skid  
which was being used was     broken off 
at one end1 causing it to slip1 and     
allowing ,lord and     the boxes to fall
 to the ground1 injuring ,lord4         
,,accidents ,,caused ,,by ,,defective   
,,floors1 ,,platforms1 ,,etc4  ,another 
class of accidents which might also be  
avoided is that caused by defective     
floors and platforms in roundhouses and 
at stations1 the failure to keep tools  

in repair1 lack of light1 and failure to
 properly secure lights on switches4    
,while1 fortunately1 they are not so    
great in number1 yet they go to swell   
the total1 as well as the expense1 and  
ought to be cut out1 as they could be   
with proper care and supervision4       
,l4 ,n4 ,corbey1 brakeman1 injured at   
,calton1 ,nov4 #bh2 went into coal      
shed to get coal for caboose4 ,in coming
 out he stepped on a broken     board in
 the floor of coal shed and sprained his
 left knee and     left hand4      ,h4  
,l4 ,minturn1 injured at ,acworth1 ,jan4
 #af1 while running to throw     a      
switch1 he ran into a three-throw switch
 upon which there was no     light4     
,jacob ,paley1 boiler-maker helper1     
injured ,july #aa1 at ,hinsdale2     was
 striking punch knocking out rivet2 the 
punch came off the     handle and struck
 him in the eye4      ,a4 ,d4 ,yarrow1  
injured ,april #c1 at ,alberon1 while   
throwing switch     near roundhouse1 the
 switch light fell and struck him on the

 head4      ,albert ,kaufmann1 machinist
 helper1 injured ,july #f1 at ,hamburg2 
was     in roundhouse working near      
dynamo belt1 which became unlaced and   
loose end of belt came round and struck 
him on the left arm4   ,,accidents      
,,caused ,,by ,,obstructions  ,next in  
order1 ,i wish to call your attention to
 accidents caused by overhead           
obstructions1 drawbars1 lumber1 poles1  
cinders1 and other obstructions left too
 near the rail1 holes and trenches left 
uncovered1 and failure to block         
guard-rails and frogs1 etc4 ,everybody  
is or should be familiar with ,rules #de
 and #di1 which require blocking of     
frogs and guard-rails and a clear space 
of six feet from the rail1 and yet one  
would sometimes think1 from the         
appearance of some yards1 side tracks   
and switches1 that the rules1 like the  
midnight closing ordinance1 were dead   
letters4 ,it1 however1 is the intention 
and desire of the managements that they1
 like all other rules1 should be        

enforced1 and no one is so much         
interested in that enforcement as the   
train and yard men1 who work in the     
yards and on side tracks and switches4  
,if they had been observed1 or if their 
non-observance had been reported by the 
men who must have known of their        
violation1 none of the following        
accidents would have occurred3      ,p4 
,b4 ,montgomery1 brakeman1 fatally      
injured at ,mason1 while     attempting 
to uncouple car ,g41 ,p4  ,a4 ,no4 #eic 
from ,o41 ,m4  ,c4     ,no4 #aghc2 chain
 on pin being broken2 blocking gone from
     guard-rail4      ,john ,lenahan1   
switchman1 killed at ,juniper1 ,june #d2
 footboard of     switch engine on which
 he was riding struck a telephone pole  
lying     in the grass alongside the    
track1 throwing ,lenahan under the      
engine4      ,p4 ,d4 ,kendrick1         
brakeman1 injured at ,bentley1 ,jan4 #e1
 #g3jj p4m42     was riding on the side 
of a box car1 when he was struck by a   
spike     sticking in a board1 which was

 part of the fence around the cellar    
which was being excavated for the new   
depot at ,bentley4 ,it was     necessary
 to amputate two fingers of ,kendrick's 
right hand1 his     right leg1 and he   
also received a very bad scalp wound4   
,peter ,alton1 brakeman1 was climbing up
 the side of ,a41 ,b4  ,c4 car     ,no4 
#bhdc1 at ,hackley1 when he was struck  
and knocked off the car     by a highway
 crossing sign at that place1 and so    
badly injured     that it was necessary 
to amputate both his legs below the     
knee1     and his right shoulder blade  
was also broken4 ,this crossing sign    
cleared this car only #b ft4      ,k4   
,g4 ,purdy1 switchman1 killed in ,walton
 yards1 ,dec4 #aj2 caused by     his    
being knocked off the top of a car by   
the ,avery ,street viaduct     and run  
over and killed4  ,i want to call       
especial attention to the ,alton1       
,montgomery1 ,purdy and ,kendrick cases4
 ,in the former the crossing sign had   
been in the same place for over #bj     

years4 ,the man who put it there1       
roadmasters1 and section foremen1 who   
should have discovered its dangerous    
proximity to the track and moved it to a
 safe distance1 the one required by     
,rule #di1 were grossly careless1 and   
the injured man and other trainmen who  
had passed it daily for years must have 
discovered that it was too close to the 
track1 and if they had reported it1 as  
they should have done1 this accident    
would not have happened1 and they were  
blamable for not doing so4 ,in the      
,montgomery case the section foreman was
 at fault for not properly blocking the 
frog1 as required by ,rule #de1 the     
roadmaster for not seeing it was done1  
and the car inspector and repairer for  
not discovering that the coupling       
apparatus was defective and repairing   
it4 ,in the ,purdy case the management  
was at fault for not seeing that warning
 whips were up for the viaduct--they are
 now2 and in the ,kendrick case the man 
who hung up the lamp too close to the   

track to warn people1 instead of making 
it a protection1 increased the danger1  
and the division engineer who allowed it
 to be done was inexcusably careless4   
,such cases not only swell the total    
number1 but account in a large measure  
for the total increase in personal      
injury accounts of the railroads4       
,section foremen do not seem to realize 
the importance of examining the whip    
guards for overhead obstructions every  
time they pass them to see that they are
 in proper position and if not1 pull    
them down with the hook provided for    
that purpose4 ,if the roadmasters would 
be more particular to see that this is  
done we would have fewer accidents of   
this kind in the future4  ,and in       
removing hand cars in yards1 place them 
far enough away from the rails so that a
 man riding on the side of a freight car
 won't be struck by them1 as happened to
      ,a4 ,t4 ,swanson1 brakeman1       
injured at ,tracy1 ,aug4 #cj2 he was    
hanging     on the side of a car1 and   

was struck by the handle of a hand car1 
which had been left too near to clear a 
man on a car4   ,,accidents ,,caused    
,,by ,,carelessness ,,of ,,enginemen  ,i
 shall next call your attention to      
accidents caused by carelessness of     
enginemen which should not have happened
 and with proper care and thoughtfulness
 will not occur in the future3          
,george ,bowman1 engineman1 killed at   
,holstein1 on ,sept4 #i2 caused     by  
engine running off the track1 this being
 the end of the road1     and the first 
time ,bowman or any of the crew on the  
train1 other     than one brakeman1 had 
been over the line4 ,a section foreman1 
who     was sent along as pilot1 claims 
to have told ,bowman when he came     to
 the ,y1 north of the depot1 but ,bowman
 paid no attention to the     warning1  
and made no effort to stop4 ,this       
engineman had been on     duty for #ad  
hours when he got to ,creever1 at about 
#ab o'clock     midnight1 and asked for 
#h hours' sleep1 but was sent out again 

in     four hours and a half4           
,michael ,o',neill1 turntable man1      
injured ,oct #ag1 at ,patten2 he was    
pushing turntable with engine on it1 and
 while doing so engine ran     off      
before he got it to the stall where it  
was to go in2 struck     him on left    
shoulder4      ,ralph ,burnham1 rear    
brakeman1 train ,no4 #ee1 seriously     
injured at     ,bradley1 night of ,dec4 
#ba1 by being caught between the tender 
of     engine ,no4 #fda and the mail    
car4 ,this man was standing on east     
side of track and started to cross over 
to the west side to help     couple the 
air1 steam hose and whistle4 ,he knew   
the engine was     coming back1 but     
owing to the amount of steam escaping   
from it did     not realize it was so   
close1 and before he could get over was 
caught4 ,the steam was escaping from the
 steam hose at the back of     the      
tender4 ,it is customary for some       
engineers to have this steam     blowing
 off as they are backing up to make     

couplings2 others shut     off the      
steam1 as when it is blowing off it is  
almost impossible     for the brakeman  
to see4 ,why should not all enginemen   
shut it off8  ,in a double track        
district1 if you are running on the     
wrong track and there are any section   
men working on the track or employees or
 others walking or running on the track1
 you should act upon the theory that    
even if they know you are coming they   
will think you are on the track usually 
occupied1 and until you know that they  
actually understand the conditions you  
must be prepared to stop in time to     
prevent injuring them4 ,and if two      
trains are passing on the double track  
and there is anyone around1 don't let it
 be your fault that an injury occurs    
because ample warning was not given of  
the approach of two trains instead of   
one4      ,john ,cooper1 section        
laborer1 struck and killed by engine    
,no4     #aefd1 ,april #af1 at #i3jj    
a4m41 near ,steuben1 while working on   

the     track1 cleaning the crossing1   
engine was running on south-bound       
track4 ,although running on the wrong   
track1 engineman is unable to     say   
whether or not he whistled for the      
crossing4 ,no one on the     engine saw 
the man4   ,,accidents ,,caused ,,by    
,,moving ,,cars ,,on ,,or ,,under       
,,which ,,men ,,are ,,working  ,injuries
 caused by the moving of cars being iced
 or on or under which men are working   
seem to me of a class so inexcusable as 
to merit the discharge of the party at  
fault4 ,think how you would feel if you 
or your boy was under1 on1 or in1 a car 
with a flag out and someone moved the   
car without notice and you or he was run
 over4 ,the following are a few such    
cases3      ,philip ,elder1 car cleaner1
 injured at ,armstrong1 ,july #e2 caused
 by     train being moved by switch     
engine while he was on the ladder       
filling the water cooler4      ,patrick 
,connelly1 car repairer1 injured ,nov4  
#bi1 at ,falesburg1 was     under end of

 car on repair track2 ,switchman ,moody 
backed train ,no4     #bg on ,no4 #e    
track1 and cars did not clear coach ,no4
 #cfh2 it struck     the car under which
 ,connelly was working1 moving it about 
#aj ft4     and dragging ,connelly1 who 
caught hold of brake-beam4 ,flag out as 
required by ,rule #a4      ,a4 ,f4      
,brown1 car cleaner1 injured at         
,perryville yards1 ,may #c1 at          
#aj3jj a4m41 was working in smoker ,no4 
#gfb2 engine ,no4 #cg coupled     onto  
the car and pushed it down track and it 
collided with some     other cars1      
knocking this woman down4 ,no switchman 
riding on the     car at the time of the
 accident4  ,injuries caused by         
carelessness in throwing switches and   
derails we all know ought not to occur1 
and yet they are of frequent occurrence4
 ,the following are samples4      ,g4   
,m4 ,claney1 engineman2 ,alfred ,dolan1 
fireman2 injured about #aj     a4m41    
,june #d1 at ,peronia2 after going in on
 side track to get some     cars1 got   

signal from brakeman to come ahead4     
,brakeman failed to     throw derailing 
switch1 and while going to main line    
engine left     the track1 went down    
embankment1 and turned over4            
,richard ,jones1 brakeman1 injured ,may 
#g1 at ,nelson4 ,foreman ,brinson       
told him to cut off two cars and ride   
them out onto main line1 and     after  
he had started the foreman noticed an   
engine coming up the     main line1 and 
threw switch for side track1 the cars   
collided and     he was thrown down in  
car4   ,,accidents ,,caused ,,by        
,,kicking ,,cabooses  ,accidents caused 
by kicking caboose cars in which men are
 resting are of altogether too frequent 
occurrence1 and are as inexcusable as   
they are frequent4 ,rule ,no4 #aj       
should1 ,i think1 prohibit the practice1
 as it does of moving cars containing   
passengers unless coupled to the engine 
and air-brakes in use4 ,had this been   
done1 the following cases would not have
 happened3      ,k4 ,m4 ,simpson1       

brakeman1 injured ,dec4 #ab1 at ,albion1
 was in     way-car cleaning ashes out  
of stove1 when the way-car was struck   
by another car kicked onto it by        
switchman1 throwing him against     end 
of car4      ,paul ,o',connor and ,e4   
,putnam1 brakemen1 injured ,feb4 #bb1 at
     ,dodworths1 were asleep in caboose 
,no4 #adgc1 on caboose track4           
,switch engine went in and got caboose  
and kicked it out on lead4     ,it did  
not clear the switch track1 and as other
 cars were kicked     back on caboose   
track it was struck by them throwing    
these men to     the floor4  ,indeed1 ,i
 believe that if the practice of kicking
 freight cars in yards and at stations  
was prohibited the saving in the cost of
 repairs of equipment and for damage to 
contents of cars would be greater than  
the increase in pay-roll caused by      
necessary increase in the number of men 
in the crews4  ,speaking of accidents of
 this kind brings to mind those         
resulting from careless handling of     

boarding cars1 which are now so common  
during the summer season4 ,we all know  
the class of people who inhabit boarding
 cars1 how little they appreciate the   
danger1 that they are on the sides1 top1
 under1 and in the cars4 ,so handle     
them1 not as some brakemen do egg cases1
 but carefully2 never move the cars     
without going to see that no one is     
under them cooking his dinner1 that the 
occupants of cars are all in a place of 
safety1 and never make a fly or kick    
with them1 always have the engine       
coupled up1 and don't uncouple it until 
the car has got to the place it is to be
 left4 ,roadmasters and foremen should  
see that the opening for ingress and    
egress from the cars is on the side away
 from the traffic4 ,the switch to the   
track on which the cars stand should be 
locked and the key in the foreman's     
pocket1 or else a rail taken up so that 
no one can get in on the track without  
notice4 ,if you run across any cases    
where this is not done1 report them     

before1 not after1 some one is hurt4    
,,motor ,,and ,,hand ,,car ,,accidents  
,,and ,,injuries ,,to ,,section ,,men   
,before leaving the subject of injuries 
to employees caused by the carelessness 
of other employees1 ,i want to mention  
some motor and hand car accidents and   
injuries to section men caused by the   
use of defective cars1 by fast running1 
overloading1 and by failure to comply   
with the rules4 ,why men on motor cars  
and hand cars coming in from work want  
to run faster than is safe 7they never  
do it on the way out71 why they should  
overload1 use defective cars1 run closer
 together than #cjj feet1 be out after  
dark without a light1 leave their cars  
on the highways to obstruct the same and
 frighten horses1 contrary to ,rules    
#df1 #dg1 and #dh1 we may perhaps guess4
 ,and yet we can see no good reason for 
failure to comply with the rules which  
are made for their own protection1 as   
well as that of the company1 and if more
 careful instructions were given them by

 the roadmasters and more supervision   
exercised1 many of the accidents        
mentioned below would not have happened4
 ,and on account of the class of men now
 employed on the track1 such instruction
 and supervision is more necessary than 
ever1 as the records show that we have  
many more such cases in proportion to   
the mileage and business than we did a  
few years ago4      ,g4 ,botticelli1    
laborer1 injured ,march #bc1 south of   
,yerkesville1     was riding on the     
front end of hand car1 which was being  
followed     by another hand car2       
section foreman signaled to the rear car
 not     to come too close to first car1
 signal was not heeded and the          
second car ran into the first1 derailing
 it4      ,h4 ,p4 ,dennis1 laborer1     
injured ,may #bh1 west of ,orion2 caused
 by     the handle of a hand car        
breaking4      ,n4 ,r4 ,forbes1 injured 
near ,larkin1 ,june #bd1 with four other
 men1     was riding on a hand car going
 home from work4 ,while going down      

grade1 trying to get to station before  
train pulled out1 car     jumped track1 
all the men were thrown off1 and ,forbes
 injured4  ,in passing over highway     
crossings1 especially in cities and in  
running past stations1 hand and motor   
cars should be so run that the man in   
charge could stop the car in its own    
length4   ,,injuries ,,to ,,employees   
,,caused ,,by ,,their ,,own             
,,carelessness  ,lastly1 ,i shall call  
your attention to a few of the accidents
 in which employees are injured by their
 own carelessness1 thoughtlessness or   
recklessness1 and frequently it is the  
latter4 ,if we could eliminate them and 
one-half of those caused by the         
carelessness of other employees much of 
the unfavorable criticism of railroads  
would cease1 as the cause would no      
longer exist4  ,we will take up some of 
the most common accidents of this class1
 caused by coupling cars1 getting on or 
off1 or falling from1 trains or engines1
 moving or standing4 ,the following     

cases will serve to illustrate how      
frequently unnecessary chances are taken
 and the result4  ,can anyone imagine a 
reason why a man of common sense who is 
old enough to be out of school should   
stand on a footboard and when the       
couplers are almost together put his    
hand in between them to pull them over  
or try to kick them over with his foot1 
walk backwards1 contrary to ,rule #ea1  
between the rails fixing a ,jenney to   
get ready to couple1 instead of stopping
 the car or engine and getting the      
coupler in position2 why they should    
stand in the middle of the track and    
wait for an approaching engine or car to
 reach them and then step onto the      
footboard or brake-beam1 when they could
 just as well get on the side or other  
end1 and do it with safety2 why men jump
 on an engine pilot1 which ,rule #cc    
prohibits1 or on a moving car to ride a 
few feet to a switch1 when the same is  
going so fast as to make it dangerous1  
unless they want to show how expert they

 are2 why they should get off moving    
cars or engines under the same          
circumstances2 why a man should not get 
off a standing car or engine without    
getting hurt2 undertake to climb from   
car to car when unnecessary2 cross the  
track in front of moving cars or        
engines1 when they are so close to them 
that to the uninitiated it looks like   
suicide2 or cross between cars1 when    
they could just as well climb over8 ,but
 rather than take the time1 which the   
company pays for1 they take the chances1
 and then if they get across1 like the  
man who drove over in front of the      
engine at the last highway crossing and 
waited on the other side to see the     
train go by1 they wait until the tail   
end comes along and get on there1 but if
 they get caught blame the engineman for
 coming too fast1 or the company for not
 having the track nickel plated1 or for 
having a handhold in the wrong place4   
,why they should allow themselves to be 
struck frequently in broad daylight by  

overhead obstructions1 for which        
tell-tales are erected to warn them2 by 
building close to the track1 with the   
location of which they are familiar4    
,yet rather than work their gray matter 
a little1 they get hurt4 ,why a man sent
 out to look after broken rails or      
defects in the track shouldn't watch for
 trains from both directions or take the
 trouble to ascertain before starting   
whether trains are on time4 ,and yet we 
all know that just such chances are     
taken every day with results shown in   
the following cases1 which are such as  
happen all the time2 the only reason or 
excuse that can be given for them1 that 
,i can imagine1 is1 that the men injured
 never should have been employed2 that  
instead of being employed on trains and 
engines and drawing--not earning--more  
pay than principals of schools1 and     
frequently than school superintendents1 
they should be working in a barn or     
shoveling dirt instead of on a railroad1
 where their recklessness1 carelessness1

 and failure to realize the dangers of  
the business and the necessity of       
complying with the rules and taking no  
unnecessary chances1 not only endanger  
their own lives1 but those of others4   
,they are of the same class that the    
railroad organizations1 for the         
protection of their desirable           
membership1 ought to help get out of the
 service1 not try to keep in until      
someone is seriously injured or killed1 
and then complain and say the company is
 liable because they kept such a grossly
 careless1 incompetent man in the       
service2 and if you will think for a    
minute1 you will know that none of the  
careful1 forehanded men--the men who own
 homes and have a little money in the   
bank--are in this class4  ,i will first 
refer you to some cases caused in       
coupling cars1 and by getting on and off
 cars1 of which the following are fair  
samples1 each of which not only could   
but should have been avoided by the     
exercise of a little common sense by the

 injured person3      ,g4 ,l4 ,penston1 
collector1 injured at ,wanley1 ,may #aj2
 went in to     uncouple hose after     
getting train onto track2 did not tell  
anyone     he was going in between the  
cars2 other cars were switched onto     
train and his head was caught between   
the cars4      ,henry ,kendrick1        
switchman1 injured at ,mertonville1     
,march #ac2 was     standing on front   
footboard of engine1 which was about to 
couple     onto a car2 draw-bar on      
engine was too far to one side to make  
the     coupling and ,kendrick attempted
 to kick it over with his foot1 but     
missed it and his foot was caught and   
crushed4      ,m4 ,t4 ,bowers1 fireman1 
,fairmill1 ,jan4 #f1 was trying to jump 
from     the running board of engine to 
footboard1 when he fell and was         
injured4      ,l4 ,b4 ,gorky1 conductor1
 ,panitoca1 ,aug4 #ad2 was standing on  
top of     car1 gave engineer a stop    
signal1 and when slack came back1 fell  
off car4      ,p4 ,f4 ,newton1          

conductor1 injured ,oct4 #c1 at ,durham2
 got off head     end of train1 and     
tried to get on way-car as it came      
along1 and     was thrown to the ground 
and badly injured4 ,train was moving    
about     #ae miles an hour4  ,then     
comes the class of injuries caused by   
crossing between or going between moving
 cars or in front of moving cars or     
engines1 and those caused frequently in 
broad daylight by obstructions with the 
location of which employees are         
perfectly familiar1 but fail to take any
 care to avoid1 such as the following3  
,h4 ,m4 ,tupper1 switchman1 injured at  
,murferton1 ,march #ba1 ran ahead     of
 moving car to throw switch2 after      
throwing the switch he     attempted to 
cross the track again ahead of the car1 
was struck     and badly injured4       
,david ,spurton1 switchman1 ,olivia1    
,dec4 #ab2 while hanging on side     of 
car1 was caught between car and viaduct1
 and severely injured4      ,l4 ,q4     
,lafflin1 switchman1 ,rutherville1 ,oct4

 #d2 was sitting on top     of car      
riding backward his head struck viaduct1
 and he was knocked     off and injured4
  ,among other classes1 altogether too  
frequent1 as well as unnecessary1 are   
those caused by leaving cars too near a 
switch to clear a man on a car on the   
next track2 by going under cars to      
repair them1 or under engines to clean  
the fires1 without putting out a flag2  
by cutting steam hose without first     
knowing the steam is turned off4  ,now  
why a man switching cars will not take  
the trouble to put them far enough in on
 the track to clear himself riding the  
next cut in on the adjacent track1 or   
why a man will go under an engine or car
 to repair it or for any other purpose1 
without protecting himself from injury  
by putting out a flag as required by    
,rule ,i1 passes my understanding4      
,whenever you find the rule disregarded1
 report it1 so that it will not happen  
with the same man in the future2 why a  
man should undertake to cut the steam   

hose before he knows the steam has been 
turned off1 the devil himself could not 
tell1 and yet the following cases would 
seem to show that a man with a big stick
 is needed on the railroads as well as  
elsewhere4      ,william ,jacobson1     
switchman1 injured at ,delavia1 ,may    
#ai2 he left     caboose on side track  
too near the lead1 and then rode some   
cars     down the lead1 and was struck  
by the caboose4      ,h4 ,j4 ,calpine1  
car repairer1 killed at ,mestigo1 ,june 
#c2 was under     car making repairs2   
did not put out flag or tell anyone that
 he     was going under the car2 the car
 was moved and he was killed4      ,j4  
,p4 ,alton1 switchman1 injured at       
,wolton1 ,july #ac2 cut hose     between
 sleeper and coach and failed to turn   
steam shut-off cocks2     was badly     
burned by steam4  ,and lastly ,i will   
refer to a few cases of injuries which  
cannot well be classified1 so we will   
say from other causes4 ,they are a      
miscellaneous lot1 none of which ought  

to have happened1 or indeed would have  
happened if the first rule of nature1   
self-preservation1 had been observed4   
,but ,i will give you several examples3 
,a ,f4 ,ford1 brakeman1 injured at      
,lenopa1 ,sept4 #c2 hanging on side     
of stock car instead of ladder1 cow     
kicked him and broke his     wrist4     
,b4 ,l4 ,pomeroy1 brakeman1 fatally     
injured at ,schuyler1 ,oct #bi2 in      
attempting to oil a hot box while train 
was running1 he fell under     the      
wheels4      ,john ,leveridge1 fireman1 
injured at ,worthington1 ,may #h2       
passing     through town1 waved hand at 
trainmen standing on side track1        
struck mail crane1 and injured his arm4 
,richard ,manville1 switchman1 injured  
at ,poulsville1 ,june #ag2 stood     on 
top of car giving signals and when slack
 ran out fell off of     car2 left leg  
broken4      ,k4 ,t4 ,morrison1         
brakeman1 ,homerton1 ,april #bf2 went   
back along the     track1 to flag his   
train1 went to sleep on track1 was      

struck and     killed by another train4 
,prevention   ,,suggestions  ,and so ,i 
might go on detailing the various       
accidents that have occurred from the   
carelessness of employees1 but ,i       
believe ,i have enumerated enough of    
them to illustrate the point ,i wish to 
make2 that is1 the employee is too      
careless1 thoughtless and negligent2 and
 ,i hope also to demonstrate that the   
larger part of them could be avoided and
 that a united effort should be made by 
all to prevent them in the future4 ,it  
does not require any argument to prove  
that the many accidents occurring every 
day1 and the resulting injuries and     
destruction of property1 ought to be    
reduced1 and that1 if the rules were    
complied with and proper care and       
supervision exercised in transacting the
 business of the companies1 their number
 and consequent money loss would be     
materially reduced2 and it is up to the 
employees to do their share to bring    
about this necessary result4 ,railroads 

that advertise that they have the best  
of everything--including men--that have 
spent not thousands but millions for    
safety devices and appliances1 as many  
of the lines have1 ought to be able to  
make a better record2 and ,i believe    
when the employees really understand the
 matter such roads will be where they   
belong--at the head of the procession1  
not only so far as freedom from accident
 is concerned1 but in everything else4  
,blackstone1 in his ,commentaries on the
 ,common ,law of ,england1 said that the
 great beauty of the common law was that
 under it there was no wrong without a  
remedy1 and so ,i say that there must be
 some remedy which1 if properly applied1
 would prevent the happening of a large 
proportion of these casualties2 and ,i  
suppose that the man who says there is a
 wrong or criticises results ought to be
 able to suggest some remedy which will 
sound plausible1 even if it is not      
practicable4  ,in addition to the       
suggestions which ,i have made in       

discussing the different classes of     
accidents herein mentioned1 there are   
several others which1 in a general way1 
,i submit4  ,the most necessary thing in
 securing good results and as few       
casualties as possible is to hire good1 
competent1 careful and sober men to do  
the work1 and when the railroads have   
bureaus of employment properly conducted
 to secure the best men and schools in  
which to instruct them as to the rules  
under which railroads are operated1 what
 their duties are1 and how to perform   
them1 in conjunction with the physical  
examination of applicants for employment
 they will have taken the most important
 step to do away with accidents2 and    
when they clear their roundhouses1      
repair yards1 coal stations1 gate houses
 and all other branches of the service  
connected with the transportation of    
persons and property of men with whom   
neither other employees nor the public  
can communicate because of their        
inability to understand or talk the     

,english language1 they will have taken 
the next one4  ,when labor organizations
 and employees generally do what they   
can to keep incompetent1 careless men   
out of the service1 not in it1 and when 
they are discovered in some careless    
act1 or cause some accident1 and are    
discharged or suspended1 instead of     
trying1 through the influence and power 
of their organization1 to have the      
discharge or suspension set aside1 do   
all they can to sustain the order of    
suspension or discharge1 we will not    
have the list of casualties staring us  
in the face that we do now1 and the     
organizations will not have so many     
crippled members asking for assistance1 
and the proportion of employees killed  
and injured to the whole number won't be
 #cf and #hj per cent respectively4     
,employees should read the newspapers1  
railroad as well as brotherhood1 so that
 they will get some of the theory of the
 business to fit them for a better      
place4 ,familiarize yourselves with the 

advertisements of the company1 train    
schedules1 maps1 names of the officers  
and where they are located1 so that you 
can answer questions of patrons and     
others4 ,treat everybody politely and   
decently1 as by your conduct and manners
 the corporation and management will be 
judged4 ,take advantage of what others  
have learned by the greatest of all     
teachers--,,experience4  ,after getting 
good competent men we need good track   
and equipment and sufficient and        
intelligent inspection to see that not  
only the track and equipment are kept in
 good repair1 but also that the men keep
 in good physical and mental condition4 
,a method of inspection and repair by   
which the man who inspects will be      
required to have some mechanical        
experience1 who can talk and understand 
,english and comprehend what the result 
will be if he fails to discover defects 
and have them remedied1 and who will    
report1 not to a foreman whose duty it  
is to repair the defect1 but to a       

superior whose business it is to find   
them4 ,this is the sort of inspection   
necessary to prevent injury and loss4   
,and when we do this the record will be 
different4  ,then we want good rules and
 instructions 7the fewer and simpler the
 better7 telling how the trains shall be
 run and the business of the companies  
conducted1 and if it is true that one of
 the worst evils from which our country 
is now suffering is the failure to      
enforce all the laws on the statute     
books1 ,i am afraid the same saying will
 apply to the operation of railroads4   
,too many rules1 orders and bulletins   
are disregarded by employees1 and that  
disregard not discovered or is          
overlooked until some accident occurs4  
,if there are any rules that are        
impracticable they should be cancelled1 
but until they are their observance by  
officers and employees should be        
insisted upon4 ,the quickest and best   
way to get a bad rule or law cancelled  
or repealed is to enforce it4  ,and last

 but not least1 we want sufficient and  
efficient supervision4 ,poor ,richard1  
the philosopher1 never said a truer     
thing than that ,the eyes of the master 
will do more work than both his hands4  
,and as the business of a railroad      
increases and grows more complicated    
every day1 it requires more and better1 
and not less1 supervision4 ,if the      
number of employees and the tonnage of  
trains increase fivefold1 so should the 
supervision increase1 in order that the 
business be conducted in accordance with
 the rules and that safe and economical 
operation be secured1 and there should  
always be enough supervision to obtain  
this necessary result4  ,after we get   
the men1 the track1 the equipment1 rules
 and supervision1 we should see that all
 employees know and understand the rules
 and their duties and how to perform    
them4 ,some day we will have a training 
school for this purpose1 just as the    
government has for its soldiers and     
sailors1 and many municipalities for    

their police4 ,employees should study   
and familiarize themselves with the     
time-tables and rules1 the same as they 
do with their pay schedule--they all    
understand that4 ,the rules were made by
 men who have come from the ranks1 who  
know from actual experience what the    
failure to observe them means to        
passengers1 to yourselves1 and the      
companies1 and if you don't understand  
them1 have someone who does explain them
 to you until you know them by heart and
 exactly what they mean1 and when you   
have done this1 comply with them and    
things will go better2 there will then  
be few accidents1 suspensions and       
discharges4  ,do the company's business 
the same as you would your own4 ,if the 
time ever comes when you are unwilling  
to do this1 quit4 ,think before you act1
 not afterwards1 as then it will be too 
late4 ,and remember that other lives1   
perhaps that some one near and dear to  
you1 may depend upon your acting and    
doing immediately1 and not to-morrow1   

the right thing and in the prescribed   
way4  ,make it your first duty to       
protect the lives and property entrusted
 to your company1 as well as the lives  
of those crossing over its tracks and   
those of your fellow employees1 then    
will come to you not only the knowledge 
of duty performed1 but promotion in     
position and increase in salary4 ,that  
is why your president1 general manager1 
and the whole push are where they are   
now1 instead of working in the ranks4   
,never go out without sufficient rest4  
,don't try to get in too many miles or  
hours for the pay there is in it1 as you
 may get hurt or killed doing so1 or    
injure some one else4  ,when an order is
 given you in writing1 or verbally1 if  
you don't understand it1 ascertain      
exactly what it means before you        
undertake to execute it1 and if you     
understand what is wanted1 but don't    
know how to do the thing1 find out from 
someone who does before1 not after1 you 
have made a mistake1 as it will take you

 less time to learn to do it right than 
it will to explain why you did it wrong1
 and by so doing you may prevent        
yourself or someone else getting hurt4  
,with additional care on your part and  
that of your fellow workers1 together   
with more and better supervision1 based 
on the theory that it is equally as     
important to see that rules and orders  
are observed as it is to issue them1    
that ,,men are more important in the    
running of a railroad than things1      
accidents and consequent losses will1 ,i
 believe1 be reduced one-half4          
,,appendix   ,the following operating   
rules are referred to in the foregoing3 
,in case of doubt1 adopt the safe       
course4  ,speed must always be          
sacrificed for safety4        #a4 ,a    
blue flag by day and a blue light by    
night1 displayed at      one or both    
ends of an engine1 car1 or train1       
indicates that      workmen are under or
 about it4 ,when thus protected it must 
not be      coupled to or moved4        

,workmen will display the blue signals1 
and      the same workmen are alone     
authorized to remove them4 ,other cars  
must not be placed on the same track1 so
 as to intercept the view      of the   
blue signals1 without first notifying   
the workmen4      ,train1 engine or     
switchmen going between or under cars or
 engines      to make repairs1 chain up 
or examination must protect themselves  
in the same way by use of red flag or   
red light4        #b4 ,the engine bell  
must be rung on approaching the         
whistling post      at every public road
 crossing at grade1 and kept ringing    
until      the crossing is passed2 and  
the whistle must be sounded at all      
whistling posts1 two long and two short 
blasts4       #c4 ,the engine bell must 
be rung upon approaching and passing    
through stations1 cities1 towns1 and    
villages4        #d4 ,it must be        
understood that a train is due to arrive
 at a      station upon its schedule    
departing time at preceding station4    

,a train must not leave a station in    
advance of its schedule      leaving    
time4        #e4 ,passenger trains will 
not exceed twenty-five miles1 and       
freight trains fifteen miles per hour1  
passing over interlocking      switches4
        #f4 ,all regular freight trains1
 extras1 and work extras will pass      
into and through all stations and will  
approach all isolated side      tracks1 
and also all water tanks and coal sheds 
with train under      full control1     
expecting to find trains at such points4
 ,speed must      be reduced2 enginemen 
and trainmen must commence to get their 
train under control one mile from all   
such specified points1 so      that     
under no circumstances whatever shall it
 be possible for      them to strike any
 train1 car1 or engine that may be      
within the      switches of any regular 
station1 or that may be taking coal or  
water at any coal shed or water tank4   
,trains occupying main track      at    
stations1 as an additional precaution1  

must protect themselves      as per     
,rule ,no4 #g4        ,,protection ,,of 
,,trains ,,by ,,flagmen4        #g4 ,for
 this purpose flagmen shall have for    
,,day ,,signals not      less than two  
torpedoes and a red flag4       ,for    
,,night ,,signals not less than two     
torpedoes1 two red fusees1      and red 
and white lanterns4       ,,conductors  
shall see that flagmen have these       
signals when they      go on duty4      
,,unscheduled ,,stops4  ,when any train 
makes an ,,unscheduled ,,stop 7whether  
at a station or between stations1 or    
whether such stop be caused by accident 
to the train1 or by signal1 or in any   
other way71 the train shall be protected
 as follows3      a4 ,in the            
,,night-,,time the flagmen shall        
immediately place a     lighted ,,red   
,,fusee in center of track about five   
hundred feet     behind the rear of     
train4      ,he shall then go back as   
rapidly as possible with ,,red and      
,,white ,,lanterns to a point less than 

three-fourths of a mile     7twenty-four
 telegraph poles7 distant from rear of  
train and until     he reaches a point  
where the danger signal can be seen not 
less     than one-fourth of a mile      
7eight telegraph poles7 by the engineman
     of any approaching train4 ,when the
 character of the road or     weather   
makes it necessary the flagman shall go 
a greater distance     with signals1 so 
as to ,,insure ,,absolute ,,safety4     
b4 ,in the ,,daytime he shall carry a   
red flag and proceed to a     like      
point4      c4 ,when he reaches such    
point1 whether in the night-time or     
daytime1 he shall at once place ,,one   
,,torpedo on the rail on the            
engineman's side and shall remain at    
that place until recalled4 ,if     a    
train approaches he shall flag it and   
remain until the train     stops4       
d4 ,when recalled1 if no train is       
approaching1 he shall place a           
,,second ,,torpedo on the rail #bjj feet
 nearer his train and return     with   

all possible dispatch4       ,,scheduled
 ,,stops ,,longer ,,than ,,usual4       
e4 ,when any train makes a ,,scheduled  
,,stop at any station and     occupies  
the main track ,,longer ,,than ,,usual  
,,at ,,that ,,station1     whether on   
account of baggage1 passengers1 or for  
any other     reason whatever1 ,,the    
,,flagman ,,must ,,protect ,,his ,,train
 ,,in ,,the ,,same     ,,manner4        
,,stoppage ,,by ,,preceding ,,trains4   
f4 ,when any train has been stopped by a
 preceding train in the     manner above
 mentioned1 the flagman of the last     
train must protect     his train in the 
same manner4       ,,protection ,,of    
,,front ,,end4      g4 ,when it is      
necessary to protect the front of a     
train1 it     shall be done in the same 
manner4       ,,both ,,conductor ,,and  
,,flagman ,,responsible4      h4 ,in all
 cases above mentioned it shall be the  
,,first ,,and     ,,immediate ,,duty    
,,of ,,conductors to see that flagmen   
,,obey ,,this ,,rule4      i4 ,both     

,,conductor and ,,flagman will be held  
responsible4      j4 ,when a flagman    
goes out1 the next brakeman or          
baggageman     must take his place on   
the train1 as required by paragraph s4  
k4 ,the engineman on approaching train1 
on ,,seeing ,,flagman',s     ,,signal1  
shall immediately indicate it by one    
short blast of the     whistle1 and     
immediately reduce the speed of his     
train and find     out the purpose of   
the signal1 and if he does not hear the 
second     torpedo he will bring his    
train to a stop4      l4 ,if the        
engineman on approaching train sees no  
signal 7the     flagman having been     
recalled71 but ,,hears ,,the ,,first    
,,torpedo2 he     shall reduce the speed
 of his train and thereafter proceed    
cautiously1 and prepared to stop within 
vision1 until the track is     clear4   
m4 ,on ,,hearing ,,the ,,second         
,,torpedo1 the engineman will know      
that the flagman has been recalled and  
will ,,proceed ,,cautiously1     keeping

 a sharp lookout for train ahead and    
prepared to stop     within vision1     
until he is notified by signal or       
otherwise that     the track is clear4  
n4 ,if a ,,fusee is seen1 the engineman 
shall ,,not ,,pass it     until it is   
burned out1 and thereafter shall        
,,proceed ,,cautiously     and prepared 
to stop within vision1 until notified by
 signal or     otherwise that the track 
is clear4       ,,recall ,,of ,,flagman4
      o4 ,when the whistle is sounded   
recalling the flagman if there     is   
not a clear view to the rear for        
one-fourth of a mile 7#h     telegraph  
poles7 the train should be ,,moved      
,,ahead at a speed of     not less than 
,,six ,,miles per hour1 until a point is
 reached where     the track is straight
 for one-fourth of a mile in the rear of
 the     train1 ,,always ,,bearing ,,in 
,,mind ,,that ,,the ,,time ,,of ,,the   
,,flagman',s     ,,return ,,is ,,the    
,,period ,,of ,,greatest ,,risk4      p4
 ,should a train for any cause be       

required to gradually reduce     its    
speed between stations or at unusual    
points the engineman will     sound one 
long and three short blasts of the      
whistle1 as notice to     the conductor 
to drop off a flagman with the proper   
signals to     protect rear of train4   
q4 ,in addition to the above protection 
a red fusee will be     considered an   
extra precaution1 and will be used under
     circumstances requiring the same4  
,should a train1 for any cause1     be  
required to reduce its speed between    
stations or at unusual     points a red 
fusee must be lighted and placed upon   
the track as an     additional          
protection for following trains1 to     
insure a time limit     between trains  
of not less than five minutes4      r4  
,if a train be obliged to back up1 a    
flagman must be sent     back in advance
 of the rear end of the train1 and kept 
far enough     in advance to insure     
absolute safety against a collision with
 any     train that may be approaching4 

s4 ,when the flagman goes back to       
protect the rear of his train1     the  
head brakeman or baggageman must1 in the
 case of passenger     trains1 and the  
next brakeman in the case of other      
trains1 take     his place on the train4
       #h4 ,when cars are pushed by an  
engine 7except when shifting and        
making up trains in yards71 a flagman   
must occupy a conspicuous     position  
on the front of the leading car and     
signal the engineman     in case of     
need4      ,if such signal cannot be    
seen by the engineman or fireman1 the   
engineman will bring the train to a stop
 immediately1 and not     proceed till  
signal is visible4       #i4 ,when      
switching is being done over highway or 
street railway     crossings by yard or 
trainmen1 a man must be stationed at    
that     crossing to act as flagman4    
#aj4 ,cars must not be moved over       
highway crossings or in front of        
passenger stations detached from engine1
 other than at terminals1     where     

express authority has been given so to  
do by the division     superintendent4  
,cars containing passengers must not be 
switched     unless coupled to the      
engine and air-brake in use4      #aa4  
,in approaching a station where a       
passenger train is due or     past due1 
and where the view is not clear1 trains 
must be under     perfect control1 so   
that they may be stopped1 if necessary1 
before     reaching station4 ,trains on 
the double track must not1 under any    
circumstances1 pull into a station at   
which a passenger train in     the      
opposite direction is standing or into  
which it is pulling to     receive or   
discharge passengers1 until such train  
has started up     and the rear coach   
thereof has passed the end of the       
station     platform nearest the        
approaching train1 excepting where      
tracks are     divided by fences4 ,when 
two trains are nearing a station from   
opposite directions at the same time and
 only one of them is     scheduled to   

stop1 the train making the stop must    
reduce speed to     let the other       
through the station before it arrives4  
,when two     trains going in opposite  
directions arrive at a station and both 
are scheduled to stop1 the inferior     
train will not pull up to     platform  
until superior train has departed4 ,at  
stations on single     track1 all trains
 will reduce to a speed of four miles   
per hour in     passing a point where a 
passenger train is receiving or         
discharging passengers1 and pass such   
trains with the engine bell     ringing 
constantly4      #ab4 ,passengers will  
not be allowed to ride on freight1      
extra1 or     work extra1 except upon   
such regular freight trains as may be   
designated in the division time-tables4 
,freight trains that carry              
passengers will be particular to have   
the caboose stop at the     depot       
platform to receive and discharge them4 
,before the arrival     of train at any 
station where they stop1 the conductor  

will     distinctly call out the name of
 station4 ,this rule applies to         
employees of the company not actually on
 duty1 as well as to other     persons4 
,it is1 however1 understood that persons
 accompanying live     stock or         
perishable freight shall be allowed to  
ride on the same     trains therewith1  
for the purpose of taking care of the   
same1 upon     the presentation of      
proper transportation4      #ab;a4      
,conductors must show their orders to   
rear brakeman or     flagman1 and the   
engineman to the fireman1 and 7in case  
of a     freight train7 to the head     
brakeman1 who are required to read      
them4 ,the copy for the engineman must  
be delivered to him     personally by   
the conductor and the engineman must    
read it aloud     to the conductor      
before proceeding4      #ac4            
,dispatchers must not authorize         
operators to issue caution card     to  
any train or engine to enter a block    
occupied by a passenger     train1      

except in case of accident4      ,if    
from the failure of telegraph line or   
other cause a signalman     be unable to
 communicate with the next block station
 in advance1     he must stop every     
train approaching in that direction4    
,should no     cause for detaining the  
train be known1 it may then be permitted
     to proceed1 provided ten minutes   
have elapsed since the passage of       
the last preceding train1 using caution 
card4      #ad4 ,trains moving on       
caution card must do so with great care4
 ,as     block is not clear enginemen   
must be prepared to stop within their   
vision4      #ae4 ,trains moving on     
caution card must expect to find main   
track     occupied at all stations      
regardless of the position of block     
signal4      #af4 ,agents are required  
to see that cars are properly loaded1 to
     obtain1 if possible1 the maximum   
capacity1 and not permit an     overload
 to exceed #aj per cent of marked       
capacity4 ,it is important     that the 

load be distributed evenly1 securely    
staked1 and that no     projections     
extend over the ends of cars4      #ag4 
,freight1 baggage1 and other articles   
must not be allowed to     stand on the 
depot platforms where they might cause  
accident or     inconvenience to        
passengers or employees1 or receive     
damage from     the weather4 ,united    
,states mail pouches must not be left   
unprotected upon the platforms or in the
 waiting-rooms and other     exposed    
places at stations4      #ah4 ,agents   
will see that conductors of freight     
trains do not block     public crossings
 longer than five minutes4      #ai4 ,on
 leaving a station passenger brakeman   
will pass through the     train1 from   
the front to the rear1 and when about   
one-third the     length of the car from
 forward end1 with closed doors1 will   
announce in a clear and distinct voice  
the name of the next     station1 then  
proceed to within the same distance from
 the rear     end of the car and make   

the same announcement4 ,if the train is 
to     stop for meals the brakeman will 
so state1 giving the length of     time 
the train will stop4 ,conductors of all 
trains stopping at     stations at which
 lunch counters or eating-houses are    
located will     announce in the lunch  
or dining room notice of departure of   
the     train in ample time to allow    
passengers to get aboard before it      
starts4 ,upon approaching a station     
located at or in the vicinity     of a  
railroad crossing1 when it is necessary 
for a train to stop     at such         
crossing1 before reaching the crossing  
brakemen must give     warning of the   
fact by calling out distinctly in each  
car1 ,the     next stop is for railway  
crossing1 not a station4 ,junction      
points1 railroad crossings where a stop 
is made1 and terminals     will be      
announced1 passengers notified when to  
change cars1 and     attention directed 
to their parcels and other belongings4  
#bj4 ,passenger train employees will pay

 particular attention to the     comfort
 of their passengers and will see that  
proper lighting1     ventilation1 and   
temperature are maintained and          
sufficient     drinking water is        
provided4 ,they will not allow          
passengers to     violate any rules of  
the company 7such as riding on the      
platforms1     etc471 and1 while        
avoiding unnecessary conversation with  
passengers1 will answer all questions   
courteously4      ,they will see that   
passengers are properly seated4 ,they   
will pass     through sleeping cars only
 when necessary and then as quickly as  
possible1 exercising special care at    
night to avoid disturbing the           
occupants4      #ba4 ,conductors must   
collect the proper fare from every      
passenger     not provided with a ticket
 or pass in proper form4 ,in all cases1 
on the refusal of any passenger to      
produce a proper ticket or     pass1 or 
to pay the fare1 the conductor shall    
cause the train to     be brought to a  

full stop at a regular open station and 
shall     require such person to leave  
the train1 and1 on refusal1 shall       
remove him therefrom1 and must procure  
and report the names and     addresses  
of persons who were present and         
witnessed the     controversy4 ,each    
conductor will be held responsible for  
the     exercise of a reasonable        
discretion in the performance of this   
duty1 being careful that no unnecessary 
force is used1 that the     company may 
not be subjected to unnecessary         
litigation or     annoyance4 ,they must 
not eject women or children of tender   
years1     and any person unattended in 
such a condition of body or mind as     
to be incapable of caring for himself   
must be placed in the     custody of the
 nearest station agent1 who will wire   
the     ,superintendent for instructions
 regarding such person's final          
disposition4 ,in removing a person from 
the train1 the conductor     must use   
extreme care to avoid controversy and   

not indulge in     abusive language or  
in any manner insult or maltreat the    
person to     be removed1 or use        
unnecessary force in so doing1 unless in
 a     clear case of self-defense1 when 
an assault is made upon the             
conductor or his men1 and then the      
infliction of unnecessary     injury    
must be carefully avoided4 ,a sufficient
 force must be     brought into         
requisition to overcome resistance and  
to place the     person on the ground   
without inflicting injury1 the law being
 that     conductors may command        
employees or any of the passengers to   
assist in such removal4 ,in all cases   
except where passengers shall     be    
ejected for refusal to produce proper   
ticket or pass1 or to pay     the proper
 fare1 the conductor1 before so doing1  
must tender such     passenger such     
proportion of the fare he has paid as   
the distance     he then is from the    
place to which he has paid his fare     
bears to     the whole distance for     

which he has paid his fare4 ,in case of 
such     ejectment a report must be sent
 to the ,superintendent by first        
mail with full particulars4      #bb4   
,passenger trainmen will be required to 
securely close     vestibule doors and  
platform traps of all passenger cars    
when in     motion2 and after departure 
from a station will observe whether or  
not there are any passengers clinging to
 the hand-rails of the     vestibules4  
#bc4 ,passenger brakemen will place     
themselves at the steps of     coaches  
at stations1 and will assist passengers 
in entering or     leaving the cars4    
,special care must be taken with        
children and     aged and infirm        
passengers1 assisting them to and from  
trains1     giving them ample time to   
insure safety4 ,they will prevent       
passengers boarding or leaving the train
 while in motion1 see that              
passengers are provided with proper     
tickets1 and that they take     the     
right train4      #bd4 ,when a passenger

 train has stopped at a station         
platform1 it     must not move to take  
coal or water or do other work until the
     conductor permits by the usual     
signal4      #be4 ,freight conductors   
and brakemen must be on hand not less   
than     thirty minutes before the      
leaving time of their trains4 ,they     
shall     examine their trains while    
stopping at stations on the road and    
see that everything is in proper order4 
#bf4 ,freight train employees are       
required to examine very carefully      
the condition of all brakes and ladders 
that they are to use1 and     to know   
that they are safe and in good condition
 before using     them4 ,if brakes are  
unsafe1 or ladders out of order1        
brakemen will     report them to the    
conductor at once4      #bg4 ,conductors
 leaving cars on side tracks will see   
that they are     properly secured and  
sufficiently clear of the main line4 ,in
     leaving loaded cars at any station 
they will place them most               

conveniently for unloading4 ,the cars   
must be so placed as not to     project 
over line of highway crossings4 ,if a   
car be set out     without a brake1     
conductors must securely block the      
wheels4     ,cutting off engine and cars
 before a train has stopped and         
allowing the balance of train to follow 
is prohibited4      #bh4 ,conductors    
must call the attention of the repairer 
of cars1 or     that of the station     
agent in his absence1 to any damage     
which may     have been done to the     
cars1 or to any which may come to their 
knowledge1 that they may be promptly    
repaired1 and they must note     these  
in their reports4 ,cars in bad order1   
set out at stations1     will be        
reported at once by the conductor1 by   
telegraph1 to the     train dispatcher1 
stating number and initials of car1     
contents1     nature and extent of      
damage1 and will note the nature of     
defect on     waybills4      #bi4       
,enginemen must use every precaution to 

prevent damage by fire     from their   
engines4 ,they should report all defects
 in netting1 ash     pans1 etc41 at the 
end of their run4 ,ash pans or front    
ends must     only be cleaned at        
designated points4      #cj4 ,no person 
will be allowed to ride upon the pilot  
of a     locomotive1 either in the      
discharge of duty or otherwise1 and they
     are prohibited from getting on the 
front end of engines or cars            
approaching them4      #ca4 ,turntables 
must be locked with a switch-lock by    
enginemen and     others immediately    
after use1 except when in charge of     
employees4     ,when turntables are     
found unlocked1 and when tables or locks
 are     out of order1 report at once to
 the ,superintendent by wire4      #cb4 
,engines must not be permitted to stand 
nearer than #ajj feet to     a street or
 highway crossing1 or under any bridge1 
when it can be     avoided1 nor in the  
vicinity of waiting-rooms1 offices1 or  
near     cars occupied by passengers1   

where the noise or smoke will disturb   
occupants4      #cc4 ,agents are        
instructed to make a personal inspection
 of all     special loadings and where  
same do not comply with these           
requirements and illustrations and where
 there is any question in     their     
minds as regards the safety or proper   
loading of the same     they should at  
once communicate with the               
,superintendent of ,car     ,department1
 who will send a man1 competent to      
judge1 for the     purpose of inspection
 and passing on same before car is      
forwarded4      7a74 ,yardmen1          
conductors1 and trainmen must           
familiarize themselves     with these   
instructions and will not take cars into
 their trains     unless they come      
within the requirements of these rules  
and     illustrations4 ,where defects   
occur in loading of cars in transit1    
unless they can remedy the same1 they   
will set the car out and     notify the 
train dispatcher4      #cd4 ,whenever   

passengers or employees are injured1 see
 that     everything is done to care for
 them properly1 calling the             
company's nearest surgeon to treat them1
 or1 if prudent1 remove to     the      
nearest place at which the company has a
 surgeon1 and leave     them with such  
surgeon for care and treatment4      ,if
 the injury be serious call the nearest 
competent surgeon     obtainable to     
attend until the company's surgeon      
arrives4      #ce4 ,whenever an accident
 happens to any train on which          
passengers     are carried1 whether     
collision or derailment1 of whatever    
nature1     on main line or siding1 or  
within the yard limits where trains are 
reconstructed1 conductors must take down
 the name and address of     every      
passenger on the train1 and ascertain   
from the passenger1     and note        
opposite his or her name1 what injury1  
if any1 they     received4 ,in such     
cases1 conductors1 after first making   
everything     safe1 must give their    

undivided attention to the care and     
comfort     of their passengers1        
especially to those who are injured4    
,bedding     and linen may be taken from
 the sleepers for this purpose1 the     
conductor keeping a careful account of  
all material so taken1 and     its      
return or safe keeping attended to2 and 
when deemed necessary1     injured      
persons may be put in the sleepers4     
,when a number of     persons are       
injured the service of competent        
surgeons in the     vicinity should be  
at once secured1 and every possible     
effort made     to care for the injured1
 the company's surgeon in each direction
     being notified by wire to come     
immediately to the place of the         
accident4      #cf4 ,when persons 7other
 than employees7 by reason of climbing  
on     or jumping from moving trains1 or
 walking or lying on the track1     are 
injured1 they should be sent to their   
homes or placed in     charge of the    
local city1 village1 or township        

authorities and no     expense incurred 
on the part of the company in the       
matter4      #cg4 ,a report of all      
accidents must be telegraphed           
immediately to     the ,superintendent  
or his assistant by the conductor1      
engineman1     agent1 yardmaster1       
foreman1 or person in charge1 by wire1  
giving     the names of the injured     
persons and witnesses1 the extent of    
injuries1 and the names of the owners of
 the property damaged and     the extent
 of damage1 and as soon as possible a   
full and detailed     report made and   
forwarded to the ,superintendent or his 
assistant1     a separate report being  
made for each person injured4 ,if the   
person injured is an employee he should 
also make and sign a     statement of   
facts in relation to the accident in his
 own     handwriting on the same form2  
should he be unable to write1 the       
statement should be written at his      
dictation1 and after being read     over
 to him he should sign it by making his 

mark1 the person     writing and reading
 statement signing same as a witness4   
#ch4 ,whenever an employee1 whether on  
duty or not1 witnesses an     accident  
in which a person is injured or property
 damaged1 in     which the company is in
 any way concerned1 he must report it   
immediately4 ,every effort must be made 
to procure the names and     addresses  
of all persons1 particularly outsiders1 
who witnessed     the accident1         
especially when persons are injured     
within the     corporate limits of any  
city1 town1 or village1 or when crossing
     the tracks at a public highway4    
#ci4 ,when an accident occurs on an     
engine1 or is caused by an     engine   
striking any person or conveyance1 or   
when cars are being     coupled or      
uncoupled1 a full report must be made by
 the engineman1     as well as by the   
conductor or the person in charge of the
 train4      #dj4 ,when persons are     
injured while coupling or uncoupling    
cars or     in getting on or off cars1  

whether passenger or freight1 or in any 
other way1 in which the accident may    
have been caused by defective           
appliances or machinery1 the cars or    
appliances must be     immediately      
examined by the person in charge1 or by 
the agent1 to     ascertain their       
condition1 and report made of the       
inspection1     giving the numbers and  
initials of cars examined and the names 
of     the persons making the           
inspection4 ,the ,superintendent or his 
assistant will then notify the inspector
 at the first division     terminal1 who
 will also examine the machinery1 cars1 
or appliances     and make report4 ,when
 an accident is caused by defective     
machinery     or by the breaking of     
machinery1 tools1 appliances1 or rails1 
the     broken or defective parts must  
be so marked as to be readily           
identified and immediately turned over  
to the ,superintendent or     his       
assistant4      #da4 ,when an accident  
occurs which results in the death of any

     person1 the remains of the deceased
 must be immediately picked up     and  
carefully conveyed to the nearest       
station building1 care being     taken  
not to remove the body outside the      
limits of county and     state in which 
the accident happened4 ,the agent at    
such station     will then notify the   
,superintendent by wire1 as well as the 
family     or friends of the deceased4  
#db4 ,apply the brakes lightly at a     
sufficient distance from the            
stopping point1 and increase the braking
 force gradually as may be     found    
necessary1 so as to make the stop with  
one application1 or     at the most two 
applications of the brakes4      #dc4   
,in making a service stop with a        
passenger train1 always     release the 
brakes a short distance before coming to
 a dead stop1     except on heavy       
grades1 to prevent shocks at the instant
 of     stopping4 ,even on moderate     
grades it is best to do this1 and then1 
after release1 to apply the brakes      

lightly to prevent the train            
starting4 ,this does not apply to       
freight trains1 upon which the          
brakes must not be released until the   
train has stopped4      #dd4 ,a train   
must1 at all times1 have not less than  
#ej per cent of     its cars equipped   
with air-brakes1 which must be operated4
      #de4 ,they must see that all      
switches are in perfect order and that  
frogs1 guard-rails1 and switch-rails are
 properly blocked and     spaces in     
planked crossings kept clean4      #df4 
,they must permit their hand cars to be 
used only in the     service of the     
company1 and no one will be allowed to  
ride on     these cars except employees 
in the performance of duty1 unless      
provided with a written order from the  
proper authority4 ,when two     or more 
hand cars are following each other they 
will keep at least     #cjj feet apart4 
,hand or velocipede cars belonging to   
private     parties will not be allowed 
on the track except by order of the     

,superintendent4      #dg4 ,when obliged
 to run hand and velocipede cars after  
dark1 two     red lanterns must be so   
displayed on the car as to be visible to
     trains in both directions4         
#dh4 ,hand1 dump cars1 and velocipedes  
must not be attached to     moving      
trains1 nor shall they be used upon the 
main track in foggy     weather1 unless 
properly protected1 and they must not be
 taken     from the track at public or  
private crossings1 except to avoid an   
approaching train4      #di4 ,no wood1  
ties1 or property of any description    
must be piled     within six feet of the
 main or side track1 or elsewhere1 in   
such     manner as to obstruct the view 
of1 or from1 approaching trains4        
,old ties1 fencing1 and similar         
property1 also links1 pins1             
draw-bars1 spikes1 and all other        
material and iron work that is     found
 on the section must be picked up at    
once1 piled neatly1 or     disposed of  
as directed by the roadmaster4 ,rails   

and other     material must not be left 
scattered about station grounds4        
#ej4 ,while at station conductors will  
do such switching as may be     required
 by the station agent4 ,trainmen and    
switchmen must not     couple to or move
 cars that are being loaded or unloaded 
on side     tracks without first        
ascertaining whether anyone is in or    
about     such cars and giving them     
ample notice that same are to be moved4 
,they must not obstruct street or public
 crossings with their     trains and be 
particular when at junction points not  
to allow any     part of their train to 
stand on railway crossings or           
interlocking     plants4      #ea4 ,all 
employees are prohibited from going     
between cars or     between car and     
engine for any purpose or in front of   
any moving     car to fix couplers while
 same are in motion4      #eb4          
,enginemen must keep the headlights of  
their engines in good     order1 and    
when running after dark1 or when storms1

 fogs or other     causes render it     
necessary1 they must be lighted4 ,when  
trains are     waiting on side tracks1  
clear of main track1 or on the end of   
double track1 headlights of engines must
 be covered4      #ec4 ,when trains meet
 by special order or time-table         
regulations1     conductors and         
enginemen must inform each other by word
 of mouth     what trains they are4