,transcriber's ,note3 ,the following ,table of ,contents has been added 7not present in the original74 ,remaining transcriber's notes are at end of text4 ,welcome of the ,divine ,guest #cje ,john ,scotus ,erigena #cjf ,frau ,huett3 ,a ,legend of ,tyrol #cjh ,echoes from the ,pines #caj ,musings from ,foreign ,poets #cab ,erin on ,columbias ,shore #cad ,the ,ursuline ,convent of ,tenos #caf ,southern ,sketches4 ,,xix4 #cbj ,the ,church and ,modern ,progess #cbh ,give ,charity ,while ,you ,live #ccc ,emmet's ,rebellion #cce ,the ,annunciation3--,march #beth #cci ,much-a-,wanted #cci ,mixed ,marriages #cdd ,farewell1 ,my ,home #cde ,the ,ten-,commandment ,theory #cdf ,bay ,state ,faugh-a-,ballaghs4 ,,iv4 #cdg ,drunkenness in ,old ,times #cea ,the ,paschal ,candle #ceb ,our ,new ,cardinal #cei ,the ,irish as ,conspirators #cfb ,orders of ,knighthood #cff ,low-necked ,dresses #cfg ,columbus and ,ireland #cfh ,miss ,mulholland's ,poems3 ,vagrant ,verses4 #cfi ,seeing the ,old ,year ,out3 ,a ,true ,story #cgj ,juvenile ,department #cgc ,lenten ,pastorals #chd ,notes on ,current ,topics #che ,personal #cif ,notices of ,recent ,publications #cig ,obituary #cih ,donahoe's ,magazine4 ,vol4 ,,xv4 ,,boston1 ,,april1 #ahhf4 ,no4 #d4 ,the future of the ,irish race in this country1 will depend largely upon their capability of assuming an independent attitude in ,american politics4--,,right ,,rev4 ,,doctor ,,ireland1 ,st4 ,paul1 ,minn4 ,the ,welcome of the ,divine ,guest4 ,in a rare old ,irish story1 ,i have read with a tear and smile1 ,of a scene in a little chapel ,in ,erin's far-off isle2 ,a little rustic chapel ,in a wild yet fair retreat1 ,where the hardy sons of the mountains ,on hallowed mornings meet4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the priest at the lighted altar ,is reading the blessed ,mass2 ,and the place is thronged from the chancel1 ,clear out to the churchyard-grass2 ,all kneeling1 hush'd and expectant1 ,biding their chosen time1 ',till the bell of the ,consecration ,rings forth its solemn chime2 ,when lo6 as the ,host is lifted1 ,the ,chalice raised on high1 ,subdued yet clear1 the people ,send forth one rapturous cry3 ,welcome6 ,a thousand welcomes6 7,while many a tear-drop starts37 ,welcome6 ,cead mille failthe6 ,white ,love of all our hearts6 ,oh1 the passionate warmth of that whisper6 ,oh1 the grace of that greeting strong6 ,on the tide of its glowing fervor1 ,all hearts are borne along6 ,and the blaze of the ,son of ,justice ,lights up that dim old spot1 ,and kindles in every spirit ,a flame that dieth not6 ,ah6 friends in our stately churches1 ,when we gaze on the gorgeous shrine ,where the ,sacred ,host reposes1 ,like a great white ,pearl divine1-- ,let the voice of our faith find utt'rance ,in a greeting free from guile2 ,let us cry with our ,irish brothers ,in ,erin's far-off isle3 ,welcome6 a thousand welcomes6 7,what bliss that prayer imparts67 ,welcome6 ,cead mille failthe6 ,white ,love of all our hearts6 ,,eleanor ,c4 ,,donnelly4 ,john ,scotus ,erigena4 ,during the ninth century there lived few more remarkable men in ,western ,europe than ,john ,scotus ,erigena1 the celebrated ,irish theologian1 philosopher and poet4 ,little beyond mere conjecture is known of his birth and early education4 ,indeed1 the first well-authenticated facts in connection with his life is that in the year #hea he held the offices of rector and professor of dialectics in the famous ,royal ,school of ,paris1 and that he occupied at the same time apartments in the palace of ,charles the ,bald1 son of ,louis le ,debonnaire1 and grandson of the ,emperor ,charlemagne4 ,it may1 however1 be interesting to see what historical critics have to say of his birth and early antecedents4 ,almost all writers of weight are agreed that ,john ,scotus ,erigena was an ,irishman4 ,in fact1 there is hardly any room for doubt on the subject4 ,if all other evidences of the fact were absent his very name furnishes proof enough that ,john was a son of the ,emerald ,isle4 ,john ,scotus ,erigena simply means ,john the ,irish ,scot--,erigena being a corruption of a ,greek word1 the translation of which is of the sacred isle1 and every school boy knows that ,ireland was known at that time throughout the nations of the earth as the insula sanctorum et doctorum1 the island of saints and sages4 ,it was in #hea that he published his famous work on ,predestination4 ,long before that time1 however1 his name was well known in ,france1 so that it may be safely assumed that he came to that country about the year #hde4 ,at this calculation we may place his birth somewhere about the year #hbj4 ,prudentius1 his colleague in the ,scolia ,palitina1 or ,royal ,school of ,paris1 says that he was the cleverest of all those whom ,ireland sent to ,france4 ,te solum omnium acutissimum galliae transmisit ,hibernia4 ,when we consider that ,prudentius was so intimately connected with him as to style himself his quasi frater1 any doubts that might remain as to ,erigena's nationality should entirely vanish4 ,but1 it may be asked1 why did this great man leave ,ireland to seek shelter and patronage from a foreign king8 ,had he not at home a field wide and fertile enough for even his towering intellect in the numerous monasteries and schools which were at this time the pride and glory of ,erin8 ,the cause of his departure from his home and friends was probably the inroads of the ,danes1 who1 in the year #hdc1 under their brutal leader ,turgesius1 plundered ,connaught1 ,meath and ,clonmacnoise with its oratories1 and thus rendered a residence in the country anything but desirable for the holy monk and erudite scholar4 ,we have seen that ,john published his work ,de ,praedestinatione about the year #hea4 ,in combating the errors of ,gottschalk1 he unfortunately broached new errors of his own1 and thus incurred the displeasure of the ,holy ,see4 ,the most precious volume in the ,royal ,library at ,paris was a ,greek copy of the works of ,pseudo ,dionysius the ,areopagite4 ,many unsuccessful attempts had been made to translate this work1 and when ,charles the ,bald found that the erudite rector of the ,royal ,school could translate ,greek1 he ordered him to furnish a translation which he did4 ,it was published in #hfa1 and a copy sent to ,pope ,nicholas ,i4 ,the ,sovereign ,pontiff1 who was not inclined to look with great favor on the author of ,de ,praedestinatione1 did not approve of the translation1 and as a consequence of some farther negotiations between ,charles and the ,holy ,see1 ,scotus was1 in #hfa1 dismissed from his position in the ,scolia ,palitina4 ,he did not1 however1 just then cease to be connected with the ,royal ,palace4 ,his principal works are--,de ,divisione ,naturae1 ,liber de ,divine ,praedestinatione1 ,translation of the ,ethics of ,aristotle and of the writings of ,pseudo ,dionysius the ,areopagite1 and a ,commentary on the ,gospel of ,st4 ,john4 ,that ,john ,scotus ,erigena erred and erred gravely1 no one can for a moment deny2 but we should remember with the learned and distinguished ,coadjutor ,bishop of ,clonfert 7the ,most ,rev4 ,dr4 ,healy71 ,that he erred not in the spirit of ,luther and ,calvin1 but of ,origen and ,st4 ,cyprian4 ,how long he remained in ,paris after his dismissal from the ,royal ,school cannot be determined1 nor do we know how he ended his days4 ,some assert that he was murdered by a band of infuriated students at ,oxford or ,malmesbury1 but this is by no means certain4 ,jan4 #ahth1 #ahhe4 ,,ollave ,,fola ,frau ,huett3 ,a ,legend of ,tyrol4 ,the ,austro-,bavarian ,alps are perhaps unsurpassed in number and average height by any group of mountains in the world4 ,there is always more or less snow on their summits1 and as they are continually attracting the clouds and causing a changeable1 capricious climate in their neighborhood1 they may be said1 like fashionable ladies1 to have a different dress for every day in the week1 and to look beautiful in whichever dress they choose to wear4 ,they are beautiful when they stand out clear and sublime in the perfect sunlight of a cloudless day4 ,they are beautiful in the night when the moonlight grows even more silvery from its contact with the snow upon their tops1 or when there is no moon and the stars are rivalled by the bonfires which merry climbers have kindled upon their well-wooded sides4 ,they were beautiful in the only thunder-storm ,i have seen during my residence among them1--their tops hidden by the clouds and the lightning flashing furiously down their sides1 as if the thunderer of ,olympus himself were hurling his bolts into the valley1 while a million1 horrible1 bellowing echoes bounded and rebounded from mountain to mountain4 ,and they were very beautiful on the day when ,i first heard this little legend which ,i am about to put into writing4 ,it was raining in the valley1 but yet it was possible to see more or less of all the mountains1 and the summit of one of them was perfectly visible above the clouds that covered its sides4 ,this was ,frau ,huett1 a peak whose shape bears a remarkable resemblance to that of a monstrous woman on horseback2 and this is its legend as it was told to me by a very obliging kellnerin in the cosey little inn where ,i was sitting3 ,frau ,huett was a beautiful young maiden who lived in this very valley a great many hundreds of years ago1 and one morning she determined to have her favorite palfrey saddled and take a canter up the mountain-side4 ,it was a lovely morning and she was soon glowing with exercise and pleasure4 ,she had passed over the lower part of the mountain1 and was enjoying the merry1 upward rush through the cool1 fresh air1 when she suddenly perceived a beggar standing in the road before her1 with head uncovered and hands outstretched for alms4 ,now1 ,frau ,huett was a selfish1 cold-hearted woman1 and instead of checking her steed or turning him aside1 she rode straight upon the helpless beggar1 and in a very few seconds he was being trampled beneath her horse's feet and was spending his dying breath1 not in praying for his soul1 but in cursing hers4 ,his curse took immediate effect4 ,frau ,huett was at once struck by remorse4 ,the glow of exercise fled from her cheeks1 and she began to feel chilly and faint1 and to think of returning home2 but she shuddered at the thought of repassing the beggar's mangled corpse4 ,and when at last she attempted to check her steed and head him for the valley1 she found with horror that the brute had acquired a will of his own and would no longer obey the bit2 and when she tried to hurl herself from the saddle1 it was only to discover that she was firmly fastened to her seat and could not move from it4 ,so horse and rider rushed upward higher and higher1 upward through the frosty mountain air and over the frozen mountain snow1 and all the time ,frau ,huett grew colder and colder1 and felt the very blood in her veins ceasing to circulate1 and her muscles becoming so stiffened that she could not even shiver4 ,and when they had reached the summit of the mountain where people in the valley might best see her and be best warned by her fate1 the palfrey rested1 and ,frau ,huett's whole body became what her heart always was1--stone4 ,and even unto this day1 once every year at a certain midnight1 when the air is silent except for here and there the crowing of a cock1 and the continuous gurgle of our rivers rushing to the sea1 a mist arises from the muddy waters of the river ,inn and thickens into a cloud and floats northward2 and when it approaches ,frau ,huett1 it slowly takes the form of a beggar with head uncovered and hands outstretched as if for alms2 and then the upper part of the mountain trembles visibly1 just for all the world like a mortal shuddering in the presence of some ghastly horror4 ,and have ,i seen this myself8 repeated our kind informant4 ,no1 indeed2 and ,i suppose if ,i were to ask the same question of the person who told me the story1 he would reply1 after the fashion of all ghost-story tellers1 that his mother's first husband knew a gentleman whose aunt's next-door neighbor was reported to have seen it often4 ,at any rate1 one cannot easily watch for the spectre1 because nobody knows the date of its annual appearance4 ',and how in the world could a woman and her horse ever become so monstrously large as to form the peak of that great1 big mountain8' ,oh1 that is easily answered4 ,they did not become so4 ,they always were so1 for it all happened in the days of the giants4 ,,caspar ,,pischl4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,charles ,o',,conor4--,he went to ,ireland and visited the seat of his ancestors at ,belanagre1 in ,connaught1 the result of which was that upon his return he changed the orthography of his name4 ,before that time he and his father had spelled ,conor with two n's1 but he then dropped one of the n's upon discovering that the family name was anciently spelled in that way4 ,i was once asked if ,i knew why he had changed the spelling of his name from two n's to one1 and ,i answered that he was descended from the ,irish kings1 and found1 when he visited ,ireland1 that they spelled the name in that way1 which information ,mr4 ,nathaniel ,jarvis1 the witty ,clerk of the ,court of ,common ,pleas1 who was present1 supplemented with the remark that he supposed that the ,irish kings had always been so poor that they had never been able to make both n's meet4 ,echoes from the ,pines4 ----1 ,this1 nor gems1 nor stores of gold1 ,nor purple state1 nor culture can bestow1 ,but ,god alone1 when first ,his active ,hand ,imprints the secret bias of the soul4 ,the palm1 the laurel1 and all the fountains of ,pindus1 ,helicon and ,parnassus1 were sacred to the muses4 ,the deep and dark pine woods of ,maine1 if not sacred to the muse of the author of ,echoes from the ,pines1 seem at times to have been a source of inspiration to her4 ,we say at times1 and in a relative sense only1 for assuredly1 ,margaret ,e4 ,jordan1 the gifted author of the beautiful volume of poems1 with the above title1 sought her sources of inspiration at a higher fount than this1 or any named in the pages of ancient mythology4 ,of her1 indeed1 it may be truly said1-- ,his active hand ,imprints the secret bias of the soul4 ,these poems1 about fifty in number1 are scattered throughout the work like wild flowers o'er mead and hill1 in copse and glen4 ,they are1 to some extent1 artless in composition1 free and flowing in style1 garnished with pure and holy thoughts1 and most of them1 while stamped with the royal sign of deep religious thought1--truest source of all poetic inspiration1--are free of the namby-pambyism common to what are sometimes called religious poems4 ,nearly all these poems are written in words of one syllable2 that1 at least1 is a chief characteristic of them4 ,this simple beauty of composition is oftener felt than observed4 ,thus1 in our immortal lyrics1 the ,irish ,melodies1 ,moore deals largely in this style4 ,take a glance at the following3-- ,the harp that once through ,tara's hall ,the soul of music shed1 ,now hangs as mute on ,tara's wall1 ,as if that soul were fled2 ,so sleeps the pride of former days1 ,so glory's thrill is o'er1 ,and hearts that once beat high for praise1 ,now feel that pulse no more4 ,this beautiful simplicity is too often overlooked by the lovers of the ,irish ,bard1 yet it indicates great strength of mind and a powerful pinion not only in poetry but in prose4 7,vide1 ,cardinal ,newman's ,apologia74 ,the patriotic poems in ,miss ,jordan's collection are full of fervent pathos and fine feeling4 ,take this stanza for example3-- ',twas no disgrace to be ,irish ,in the far-famed days of old1 ,when the tale of our redemption ,in ,tara's halls was told4 ,when the holy feet of ,saint ,patrick ,blessed the land whose soil they trod1 ,and a pathway traced1 yet never effaced1 ,from ,ireland to ,god4 99 99 99 99 99 ',tis no disgrace to be ,irish1 ,or to bear the faith to-day ,that ,ireland's sons have cherished ,thro' many a weary way4 ,what6 a disgrace to be ,irish6 ,a pride and a joy let it be6 ,more than fortune or fame1 prize the faith and the name1 ,of the ,saint-hallowed isle of the sea4 ,in the spirited poem1 ,leave their ,fair ,fatherland1 in which the cruel process of emigration as a panacea for the sufferings of ,ireland is described by the author1 the opening stanza gives the tone of the whole poem3-- ,leave the fair land of their fathers1 ,the graves of their grandsires--for what8 ,have ye not hearts in your bosoms1 ,or think ye the ,irish have not8 ,when sounded our trumpet of battle1 ,were they cravens8 ,nay1 bravest of men6 ,and they fought till the 'stars' rose in triumph ,never to vanish again6 ,our poet is not above giving ,a ,bit of ,advice1 and the way she gives it is this3-- ,whene'er you find a chance to wed ,a noble girl1 don't slight it2 ,and if you cannot speak your mind1 ,why1 just sit down and write it4 ,but the fellow who couldn't pop the question to a noble girl1 would not deserve to get her1 and we think the noble girl would say the same4 ,the above selections are by no means the best we could have given4 ,they are selected at random1 and chiefly because they admit of selection without injuring the sense of their meaning4 ,in other instances it would have been necessary to quote the poems entire1 and this1 of course1 was neither desirable nor practicable in the small space at command4 ,the author of these poems is not unknown in ,boston and throughout the ,new ,england ,states4 ,it would be an encouragement to her to find that her efforts were not without promise of reward1 and confident we are that those who spend a dollar in purchasing this handsome volume will not regret it4 ,we have all a duty to discharge in the encouragement of ,catholic writers and here is an excellent chance4 ,the work is beautifully brought out by the spirited publishers1 ,mc,gowan ,young1 of ,portland1 ,me4 ,it is printed on the finest paper1 well and handsomely bound1 gold lettered and red edges4 ,it has a dedication so brief and beautiful that we give it entire4 ,it is a little poem in itself4 ,here it is3-- ,,to ,,my ,,beloved ,,father ,,and ,,mother4 ,were it possible to reveal even a little of what this abdication means1 and what it conceals1 the effort of ,margaret ,e4 ,jordan would reap a rich return for literary labors performed under trying circumstances4 ,our beautiful singer could not well refrain from writing about ,gethsemane4 ,her devotion and her love to our ,suffering ,lord must needs find its vent among the trees of ,mount ,olivet6 ,procure a copy of ,echoes from the ,pines1 and the sweet music and balsamic odor will be deliciously refreshing and grateful to every sense4 ,p4 ,mc,c4 ,musings from ,foreign ,poets4 ,,the ,,pearl ,,and ,,the ,,song4 ,from the ,german of ,ebert4 ,the million-tinted pearl of ocean ,lies shrined within its mortal shell1 ,and sails the deep in wavy motion1 ,responsive to each tidal swell4 ,these songs of mine that shell resemble ,freighted with tears1 in ebb and flow1 ,like to the shell they float and tremble ,on the wild ocean of my woe4 ,,the ,,modern ,,muse4 ,from the ,italian of ,leopardi4 ,while still a youth and all aflame ,with fire poetic1 ,i became ,a pupil of the ,muses nine2 ,one took my hand in kindly mood1 ,and led me to the inner shrine-- ,the secret workshop1 where apart1 ,in silence and in solitude1 ,they wrought the marvels of their art4 ,the ,muse then showed me1 one by one1 ,and in minute detail outlined ,the various tasks to each assigned2 ,i listened1 marvelling much the while2 ,pray1 ,muse1 ,i asked1 where is the file8 ,she answered lightly as in scorn1 ,the file is rusted and outworn1 ',tis used no more in prose or rhyme4 ,but why not mend it if 'tis broken8 ,lightly again the words were spoken1 ,the fact is1 friend1 we have no time6 ,,prayer ,,of ,,the ,,poor4 ,from the ,french of ,lamartine4 ,o ,thou who dost thine ear incline ,unto the lowly sparrow's nest1 ,and hear'st the sighs of flowers that pine ,for dews upon the mountain's crest6 ,divine ,consoler of our woes6 ,thou dost the hidden hand perceive ,that on the poor a coin bestows ,to buy the bread by which they live4 ,thou givest1 as ,thou deemest best ,to mortals1 wealth or poverty1 ,that1 springing from their union blest1 ,justice might live and charity4 ,to know the hearts1 be this ,thy care1 ,who thus their kindly gifts dispense1 ,that in the treasures they may share ,of ,thy all-bounteous providence4 ,we know not those for whom we pray1 ,they are beheld of ,thee alone2 ,their right hand's gifts from day to day1 ,are ever to their left unknown4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the plan to unite ,paris and ,london with pneumatic tubes has been reported on favorably by ,french engineers1 and submitted to the ,government4 ,it is proposed that two pneumatic tubes be laid1 following the line of the ,northern ,railroad from ,paris to ,calais1 thence across the channel to ,dover1 and following the line of the ,south-,eastern ,railroad to ,london4 ,letters could thus be transmitted between the two capitals in one hour4 ,wagonets like those now used to transport telegrams from ,paris are used1 weighing ten kilograms and capable of carrying five kilograms weight of mail matter4 ,twenty pneumatic trains are to be started every hour4 ,erin on ,columbia's ,shore4 ,,bright ,,incidents ,,of ,,correlative ,,irish ,,history4 ,that history repeats itself in many and sometimes mysterious ways1 is rather interestingly illustrated in a talk with ,mr4 ,denis ,mc,gillicuddy1 of ,medford4 ,this gentleman emigrated from ,ireland to ,america about forty years ago1 and in the meantime has been a prominent builder and contractor4 ,his works include the construction of nineteen ,catholic ,churches1 among them in #ahgj-a1 ,st4 ,augustine's ,church of ,south ,boston1 and also the mansion of ,archbishop ,williams and his priests near the ,cathedral in this city4 ,his story links two countries together in its detail1 though centuries and three thousand miles of ocean divide them1 and the incidents he related yesterday to the writer1 as follows3 ,when ,i read the account of the truly ,christian celebration of ,christmas in ,st4 ,augustine's ,church1 ,south ,boston1 it brought to my mind an incident in connection with the building of that beautiful and elaborately finished edifice and its worthy pastor1 ,rev4 ,father ,o',callaghan1 which ,i should think might very well interest the general reader2 but it certainly ought to be interesting to those who familiarize themselves with comparisons in history4 ,among the artisans employed on ,st4 ,augustine's1 when in process of erection1 were four men bearing the historic names of ,o',keefe1 ,o',sullivan1 ,o',falvey and ,o',connell4 ,now1 sir1 in the ,annals of ,ireland1 by the ,four ,masters1 we find that ,ceallachan 7,callaghan71 a celebrated warrior of the ,erigenian race1 was ,king of ,cashel in the tenth century1 and having defeated the ,danes in several battles1 ,sitric1 who was then chief of the ,danes1 in ,dublin1 made proposals of peace to the ,king of ,munster4 ,ceallachan went to ,dublin on that mission accompanied only by his body-guard1 and one or two friends4 ,on his arrival there1 his party was treacherously attacked1 and ,ceallachan was taken prisoner1--the entire proceedings1 on the part of the barbarians being a conspiracy to get ,ceallachan1 their formidable opponent1 into their power4 ,the ,munster 7,south of ,ireland7 chiefs1 in order to release their king from captivity1 collected a powerful force1 numbering over twelve thousand troops commanded by ,denis ,o',keefe1 ,prince of ,fermoy1 and ,o',sullivan1 ,prince of ,beara4 ,they also organized a large naval force1 consisting of one hundred and twenty ships commanded by an ,o',falvey and an ,o',connell4 ,the army marched northwest through ,connaught1 and thence through ,ulster to ,armagh1 which city was then in possession of the ,danes1 and whither the latter had brought ,ceallachan to transport him captive to ,denmark4 ,the ,irish attacked ,armagh1 applied scaling ladders to the walls1 and the ,danes under ,sitric and his brothers1 ,tor and ,magnus1 were defeated with great slaughter4 ,the ,danes fled in the night to the protection of their ships at ,dundalk1 and carrying ,ceallachan1 they embarked on board their vessels in that bay4 ,warrior ,o',keefe followed1 and from its shores sent a flag of truce demanding of ,sitric that he deliver to him the person of ,king ,ceallachan4 ,but ,sitric refused the demand unless an eric1 a sum of money1 was first paid for every ,dane who fell in the fifteen different battles with ,king ,ceallachan and his forces4 ,sitric then ordered ,ceallachan to be tied to one of the masts of his ship1 and he was thus exposed in full view of the whole ,munster army4 ,the ,irish were terribly enraged at this outrage on their chief1 but had not then any means of attacking the enemy4 ,shortly after1 however1 ,o',falvey1 the ,irish admiral1 hove in sight and drew up his ships in line for attack on the ,danish fleet4 ,a desperate engagement ensued2 the ,irish commanders gave orders to grapple with the enemy's vessels4 ,o',falvey succeeded in releasing ,ceallachan1 and1 giving him a sword1 asked him to assume command4 ,the ,irish1 at seeing their king at liberty1 fought with renewed valor2 but the valiant ,o',falvey fell pierced with many wounds4 ,o',connell1 who was second in command1 seized ,sitric1 the ,danish chieftain1 in sudden grasp and plunged overboard with him4 ,both were drowned4 ,it is also related that ,fingal1 and many other ,irish chiefs1 grasped other ,danish chiefs in similar fashion in their arms1 and leaped with them in like manner into the sea4 ,at length1 the ,danish forces were defeated1 and their fleet totally destroyed4 ,almost all the ,irish chiefs and a great many of the men engaged in that hard contest were slain4 ,the consternation of ,general ,o',keefe and his army1 being unable to render any assistance to their countrymen on the water1 may be imagined4 ,after the naval combat ,ceallachan landed in ,dundalk1 where he was most joyfully received by the people1 and soon after resumed in peaceful sway1 the government of the ,munster province4 ,this great sea fight took place1 said the narrator1 in the ,bay of ,dundalk1 in the year #idd4 ,the account is given in an ancient ,irish ,,ms4 with the title of ',toruigheachd ,cheallachain chaisil1'--signifying the pursuit for the rescue of ,ceallachan ,cashel4 ,well what are your deductions1 ,mr4 ,mc41 queried the writer4 ,the coincidence to my mind is this1 said ,mr4 ,mc,gillicuddy1 as his face brightened2 and it is a singular one ,i think1 that here in this glorious and enlightened ,republic1 one thousand years later1 the kinsman of this ,munster prince1 ,rev4 ,denis ,o',callaghan1 when erecting his church1 now all paid for1 had in his employ the kinsmen of the four chiefs highest in command on that memorable occasion--viz3 ,o',keefe1 ,o',sullivan1 ,o',falvey and ,o',connell1 all professing the identical ,christian creed their forefathers professed and practised4 ,there are no barbarians here now1 thank ,god1 to hinder ,christians from kneeling at their own shrine1 and all as they chose1 no matter how else they may differ on material and worldly questions4 ,here the kinsmen of these brave soldiers of the tenth century build temples to the ,lord of ,hosts1 and are not called upon to defend them with their life's blood from the fire and sword of barbaric legions4 ,thus let us pray that with pure ,christian foundations1 the beloved union of ,states1--the ,republic--may be in the quotation of ,henry ,grattan1 'esto perpetua4' ,the ,ursuline ,convent of ,tenos4 ,twenty-three years ago there started from ,france four ,ursuline nuns with the intention of founding a convent of their order in the island of ,tenos1 in the ,greek ,archipelago4 ,the first idea had been to found this establishment in ,syra1 the chief commercial town of the ,cyclades2 but insuperable difficulties turned their hopes to ,tenos1 known to the ancient ,greeks as the island of ,serpents4 ,nothing could be more picturesque and lovely than the island1 nothing less civilized4 ,these four ladies1 of high courage and energy1 left the shores of the most civilized country in the world with the small sum of six hundred francs1 upon which they resolved to start a school of ,catholic education and charity in an island which had ceased to be universally ,catholic from the time of ,venetian rule4 ,having gone over the ground and realized 7only dimly7 their enormous difficulties1 the complete sacrifice they were compelled to make of all bodily comforts1 and the unendurable conditions of existence they bravely faced1 ,i can only compare their courage with that which formed the annals of the earliest stages of ,christianity4 ,becalmed upon a whimsical sea1 they arrived at ,tenos a little before eight in the evening4 ,tenos was the spot selected1 or rather its village1 ,lutra1 because the bishop had consented to the erection of a convent in his diocese4 ,to readers accustomed to the resources of civilized travelling the hour of arrival is an inconsequent detail4 ,not so even to-day in ,tenos4 ,judge1 then1 what it must have been twenty-three years ago6 ,four delicately nurtured women had to face a dark1 rocky road1 more of the nature of a sheer precipice than a road1 late at night upon mules4 ,i made the same journey at mid-day and felt more dead than alive after it4 ,there is positively not a vestige of roadway up the whole steep mountain pass1 nothing but large rocks and broken marbles1 though the traveller in search of the picturesque is amply repaid the discomfort of the ride4 ,but compared with the village of ,lutra1 which was the destination of the nuns1 this wild and dangerous-looking path is a kind of preliminary paradise4 ,no word-painting of the most realistic school could do justice to the horror of ,lutra to-day--and what must it have been there before the refining influence of those nuns touched it8 ,this dirty stone-built and tumble-down village the four nuns entered at eight o'clock1 when darkness covered its ugliness1 but greatly increased its dangers4 ,the first entrance winds under an intricate line of narrow stone arches1 the pavement uneven1 the mingling of odors unimaginable4 ,through this unearthly awfulness they bravely struggled and reached their destination at last4 ,a ,father from the neighboring community had heard of their expected arrival1 and was already superintending the rough and hurried details of their reception4 ,i saw the house which stands just as it was when the ,ursuline nuns first made it their residence4 ,a mud cabin containing two rooms3 kitchen and dining-room1 bedroom and chapel4 ,the roof is made of stones thrown loosely over wooden beams placed far apart1 the two rooms separated by a whitewashed arch instead of a door4 ,there are no windows2 but spaces are cut in the walls which served to let in the light and air1 and at night were covered by shutters4 ,hail1 rain1 or snow1 it was necessary to keep these spaces open by day in order to see1 and it is not surprising that one of the nuns was soon prostrated by a dangerous fever4 ,the beds were mattresses stuffed with something remarkably like potatoes1 and laid on the mud floor at night1 upon which the nuns slept a short1 ascetic sleep4 ,here they remained for some time1 going among the villagers and soliciting that the poor would send their children to be taught4 ,this the poor did1 and gradually the children began to fill the kitchen of the mud cabin4 ,if it rained during class umbrellas had to be put up as a protection under a nominal roof1 just as the nuns had to sleep under umbrellas in wet weather4 ,indeed1 sometimes it rained so hard that they were obliged to take up their mattresses at night1 and seek a more sheltered spot elsewhere4 ,at last the number of their charity pupils increased2 and the bishop1 as poor as they were almost1 offered them the only asylum in his power1 his own paternal home1 also a mud cabin2 but instead of two miserable rooms it contained four4 ,this was an immense improvement1 and the nuns felt like exchanging a cottage for a palace4 ,but here the protection of umbrellas was still necessary1 as the roof was also made of loosely set stones and beams4 ,in time other nuns joined them from ,france1 until they formed a community of eleven1 with eighty village school children and one boarder4 ,it grew daily more and more necessary that something should be done to raise money to build a convent4 ,their couches had been slowly raised from a mud floor to tables1 upon which they slept the sleep of ,trappists2 but a proper establishment was now indispensable to the work they had laid themselves out to do4 ,with this object1 two nuns set out on a supplicating mission round the ,levant4 ,they were less successful than they had perhaps anticipated1 for they returned after their arduous task only enriched by eight thousand francs4 ,with this sum they were enabled to build a small portion of the present establishment2 but building in a ,greek island is slow and costly work4 ,each stone has to be carried up the long mountain pass from the quarries2 the way is difficult1 the men unaccustomed to prompt work4 ,however1 in due time the nuns were enabled to leave the bishop's homely roof1 where their chapel was a tiny closet separated from the class and dining-room by a curtain1 and the beds the tables used during the day with umbrellas for a roof4 ,two nuns later made the tour of ,france in search of funds1 and were rewarded for their unpleasant undertaking by the sum of twenty-five thousand francs1 which added something more to the building already commenced1 and smaller sums1 together with pupils1 came afterwards4 ,now they have between fifty and sixty pupils who are paid for1 and almost as large a number of charity children and orphans who are supported at the expense of the convent4 ,these children are all ,greeks or ,levantines2 but as the language of the ,order is ,french1 they speak ,french fluently4 ,so much for a general idea of the immense difficulties in the way of foundation1 and for an outline of the personal sacrifices and admirable courage which has carried it through4 ,i will now try to give an outline of what has been done4 ,to begin with the island of ,tenos1 although extremely picturesque1 with its marble rocks1 its clear1 bare hills shadowed lightly by purple thyme and gray olives and torrent beds in dry weather forming zigzag lines of pink-blossomed oleanders1 fig-trees1 mulberries1 tall1 feathery-headed reeds and orange and lemon trees1 is as devoid of all the necessary adjuncts of modern existence as it is possible to imagine any place4 ,as you approach it1 it lies upon the deep1 blue ,mediterranean1 a stretch of dimpled brown hills1 curve laid inextricably upon curve1 its apparent barrenness softened in the beauty of shape1 as the morning sea mist1 which has rested upon its base like a fine white veil1 gradually lifts itself into the clouds4 ,from an aesthetic point of view1 the picture is admirable2 but the least fastidious of travellers must at once recognize the almost impossibility of raising upon it anything like a comfortable ,european home4 ,yet1 nevertheless1 this gigantic feat is what the nuns1 by a peculiar genius1 patient perseverance1 and severe economy1 have accomplished4 ,the two-roomed mud cabin of twenty-three years ago is now a tradition1 and they have made themselves a lovely centre above the dirty village of ,lutra4 ,they have cultivated the stony1 impoverished soil till their gardens are thickly foliaged by lemons1 oranges1 figs1 pomegranates1 cactuses1 oleanders1 oaks1 olives1 apples1 pears1 and apricots4 ,these fruits are consumed in the convent partly1 and the surplus is sold in ,syra for a mere song1 which1 if they could export to ,england would yield them a profitable interest4 ,their gardens are arranged with great taste1 ,french and ,english flowers blooming side by side with the luxuriant growths of the country4 ,nothing more lovely than the site upon which their mountain home is built can be imagined4 ,the hills roll one above the other in different colors1 and the valleys1 with their stains of verdure and dusky foliages upon the red soil and marble rocks1 are unfolded like a perpetual panorama4 ,if you mount the terrace or the castra higher up--once a ,venetian fortress--you will see the dreamy ,mediterranean1 responsive to the slightest emotions of the ,eastern sky1 and you will be surrounded by soft1 blue touches of land breaking above its waves of intenser color--the ,grecian ,isles1 ,syra1 with its white town half hidden by the cloud-shadowed hills1 ,syphona1 a misty margin of gray upon the clear horizon1 ancient ,delos1 so dim as to appear neither wholly sky nor land2 desert ,delos1 with darker1 fuller curves of land upon a silver edge of water1 and nearest ,mycono1 a blending of the purest blues1 with the famous ,naxos behind washing which1 whatever its mood in general1 the ,mediterranean is sure to take its own distinctive color--sapphire4 ,the convent is built in the shape of the letter ,s1 with the new building recently added for the pupils--a long line of class-rooms and music closets below and the dormitories above admirably arranged so that each girl is enclosed in a kind of cell1 or cabin1 numbered on the door outside1 with a general ceiling4 ,it is original and much better than the old system1 by which twenty or thirty girls felt themselves in a general bedroom4 ,this building has proved the most expensive of all1 and the undertaking leaves the community considerably in debt and if any of my readers feel sufficiently impressed by the endurance1 courage1 and self-sacrifice ,i have indicated in this short sketch to desire to be of any help in a most deserving cause1 donations to enable the convent to pay off its debt will be very gratefully received by the superior4 ,their charities and hospitalities are necessarily great1 and their isolated position precludes them from the enjoyment of those resources and assistances which the communities in ,catholic countries may justly rely upon4 ,the features of the island of ,tenos gather beauty with familiarity1 and the inhabitants are as simple and pure and primitive as the old ideal of ,arcadia without1 however1 the picturesque shepherd costume and crook4 ,they have the greatest respect for the ,french nuns1 teach their little brown-faced babies to salute them by kissing their hand1 and with the untutored courtesy of their peasant race are willing and anxious to render the sisters whatever service lies within their power4 ,they wonder greatly at the taste and artistic beauty of the convent grounds2 at the perfect neatness and cleanliness of all the domestic details1 and those who have come under the personal influence of the nuns are already endeavoring to beautify their own homes4 ,a servant man who had worked in the convent has gradually turned his pig-sty home into a charming little cottage1 with a neat terrace covered with trellised vines1 the poles which support it wreathed in fragrant basilica4 ,he is quite proud when you stop in the dirty village to admire the incongruous effect of his pretty house1 and tells you frankly that he owes his taste to la ,mere ,assistante4 ,the influence of these ladies throughout the primitive island is remarkable1 and by the simple-minded peasants who have benefited so greatly by their charity and labors1 are gratefully recognized as the one oasis of civilization in their midst4 ,unfortunately they are not rich enough to give any more practical evidence of gratitude than sincere love and devotion4 ,,hannah ,,lynch4 99 99 99 99 99 ,it has been noticed that boiler explosions are especially frequent in the morning4 ,take1 for example1 an engine which works during the day with steam at six atmospheres4 ,the workmen leave the factory at seven o'clock ,p4,m41 and about six o'clock the fireman reduces his fires and leaves the boiler with the gauge at four atmospheres4 ,on returning the next morning at half-past five1 he generally finds the gauge at #a4e or two atmospheres1 with a fine water level4 ,he profits by the reserved heat1 which represents a certain expenditure of fuel2 as an economist he utilizes it1 and drives his fires1 to be ready for the return of the workmen1 without suspecting the dangers concealed in the water which has been boiling all night4 ,he does not feed his boilers1 because they are at a good level4 ,in other words1 he prepares1 unconsciously1 the conditions which are most favorable to superheating1 and a consequent sudden and terrible explosion1 which will be attributed to some mysterious and unknown cause4 ,southern ,sketches4 ,,xix4 ,,from ,,havana ,,to ,,matanzas--,,the ,,valley ,,of ,,the ,,yumuri4 ,there are two railways leading from ,havana to ,matanzas1 one called the via ,baya 7,bay line7 runs along the sea coast through a mountainous and romantic country4 ,this is much shorter than the other route1 which passes through the interior1 affording the traveller an excellent opportunity of observing the rural tropical scenes of the island4 ,i decided to go the latter way by the train1 which was to start from the depot near the ,campo de ,marte at #b4dj ,p4,m4 ,the fare from ,havana to ,matanzas either way1 second-class1 is #g4aj in ,cuban currency4 ,this class is well patronized by respectable travellers4 ,negroes1 ,chinese and the poorest ,cubans take the third4 ,the carriage in which ,i rode was built and furnished somewhat like those in the ,united ,states1 except that the seats had no cushions1 and the windows no glass4 ,the train started at the appointed time1 and we soon found ourselves rushing through narrow streets1 past many colored buildings4 ,the ,yanza1 or ,chinese quarter1 presents an extremely wretched and filthy appearance1 thus contrasting wonderfully with the splendid attractions of other parts of the city4 ,the suburbs were soon reached1 and the hot and dusty town gave place to the clear1 refreshing country4 ,hurrying past the gardens of the captain-general1 with their avenues of royal and cocoa palms1 their fountains1 waterfalls and pyramids of flowers1 we beheld ahead verdant1 green hills1 beautiful mansions1 and here and there very ancient stone buildings1 forts1 cottages and gardens4 ,all kinds of vegetables and blossoming plants were seen growing down to the railroad track4 ,there were waving meadows through which streams of a pale blue1 transparent tint1 wandered gracefully1 bending bamboos1 slanting palms1 and thousands of wild vines full of flowers grew on the banks4 ,as the train rushed by these silent ,edens1 the splendid paroquets and other gorgeous birds1 browsing goats1 mules and cattle started at the sound1 paused in wonder as we passed1 and then relapsed into their previous occupations4 ,half-naked ,chinese farm-hands carried water in buckets suspended from yokes fixed on their shoulders4 ,we saw fields of corn and sugar-cane stretching away for miles4 ,here and there1 out of this bright1 green sea arose an odd planter's mansion1 painted sky-blue with its pillars1 railings1 and towers of white and gold4 ,one of these houses stood a few hundred feet from the track4 ,it was two stories high1 solid and ,corinthian in its architecture1 of a cream color1 while its lofty colonnades were painted in delicate crimson and blue4 ,large1 costly vases1 full of flowers1 decorated the entrance1 and this was reached through an antique gateway that was covered with roses4 ,now we swept by large banana groves whose trees were loaded with fruit4 ,we rushed by rocks1 dells and fields adorned with grasses as glossy as satin and of every color4 ,we saw fruit trees of all kinds1 stone fences covered with century plants1 cacti and other flowers2 enchanting vales1 fields of shrubbery1 and avenues of royal palms over fifty feet high1 ever stately and beautiful whether in groups or alone4 ,the soil of the island is of a deep red color1 and contrasts splendidly with the rich green of the trees4 ,the cattle looked fat and large1 and numerous queer-looking domestic fowl were seen in the fields4 ,the ,ingenio or sugar plantation1 was readily recognized1 whether rising above the cane fields or partly shaded by trees4 ,it consisted of a group of buildings generally painted white1 out of which arose a very tall furnace chimney4 ,negroes and ,chinese were seen steering oxen with carts full of cane from the fields to the mill4 ,the chief agricultural industry of the island consists in the cultivation of this product4 ,cane fields almost boundless in extent appeared here and there in the luxuriant landscape4 ,the railroad stations at the villages where we stopped were crowded with hogsheads of sugar and molasses1 ready to be sent to ,havana1 and shipped from there to foreign seaports4 ,black and white coolies were noticed cutting the cane and often greedily devouring it1 while the rich juice ran down their naked chests4 ,this could be had for almost nothing at the depots from the dealers who also sold oranges1 pineapples1 tamarinds1 caimetoes1 cocoanuts and other luscious fruit4 ,i stepped out of the cars at ,guines1 where the train was to stop for a few minutes1 and bought for a couple of cents two cocoanuts1 each as large as an ordinary sized mushmelon4 ,the rind was perfectly green1 soft and easily broken1 the juice fresh and delicious1 and the pulp was tender and sweet1 much richer in flavor than that which one eats in the ,north4 ,on the journey ,i often noticed the tall and handsome ceiba tree1 with its smooth trunk and gracefully-spreading limbs and branches full of verdant leaves4 ,now we passed by the house of the montero1 or sporting peasant4 ,it was a rather rude-looking dwelling thatched with palm leaves1 and open at the sides to the mild1 pure air4 ,this montero usually possesses but a few acres1 which yield him fruit1 cane and vegetables enough to make his life easy and contented4 ,the streams give him lots of fish1 and the sunny blue skies look down with favor upon him1 as he languidly reclines on the grass and eats his melting bananas4 ,the sisal hemp fields look very attractive1 and as the train rushes on1 we catch glimpses of laughing children1 who are playing amid a wilderness of roses4 ,we soon reached the town of ,catalina4 ,it looked wonderfully charming1 with its handsome church and houses1 surrounded by groves of bananas and oranges4 ,we saw pine apples growing in the gardens4 ,the colored leaves of these plants were conspicuous for their variety and beauty4 ,the motion of the train developed a steady breeze1 and this1 laden with the odors of millions of blossoms and fruits1 afforded us the greatest delight4 ,the eye could never tire of the beauty of these tropical scenes4 ,when it withdrew from immediate objects1 it wandered away to rest with delight on the softly lit-up mountains1 crowned with palms4 ,how splendid those mountains looked1 covered to their summits with verdure1 and now as the sun was sinking1 becoming enveloped in purple and crimson mists4 ,the glory of the rosy sunset on field and wood was brought into deeper relief by the shadows of the trees and hills4 ,on getting on the rear of the train1 ,i was enabled to take in the receding landscape and the views to the right and left4 ,the whole seemed a poetic reality1 a region of luxurious delight4 ,the heavens assumed most exquisite hues1 forms and colors peculiar to tropical skies4 ,clouds lately gorgeous1 passed into shapes still brighter1 and their softness1 delicacy and glory seemed to illumine the landscapes4 ,the grand1 royal palms which carried one's thoughts to the ,holy ,land and the time of our ,saviour1 the mountains tipped with the moving mists1 the peaceful valleys where droves of fat cattle feasted1 the gaps in the hills1 the groves of fruit trees and the flowing streams--all rested tranquilly and brightly under the belts of gold in seas of blue and green1 the tongues of fire1 rivers of light1 silvery hills1 purple and crimson isles1 castles1 vases1 columns and thrones that were traced in the clouds4 ,no language can sufficiently describe the beauty of this tropical region2 it must be seen to be adequately appreciated4 ,night was just falling1 when we arrived at ,matanzas4 ,the drive to the ,hotel de ,st4 ,francis1 where ,i determined to stay while in the city1 led through a number of narrow and hilly streets1 lined on both sides by low1 jail-like stone houses1 painted as at ,havana1 in every imaginable color4 ,in the course of about twenty minutes ,i arrived at the hotel which stands on the ,calzada ,de ,tirry1 the principal street near the bay4 ,the host1 ,signor ,juan ,gonzalez1 with a ,scotch interpreter who knew ,spanish well1 received me very heartily at the door4 ,after passing several refreshment saloons and reaching the office1 ,i requested to be shown to my room4 ,i found that it opened1 like all the others1 on a courtyard1 and being the best that could be had1 ,i agreed to remain a guest at the house for #b4ej per day1 in gold4 ,dinner being the next on the programme1 ,i soon found myself at the head of a large table1 on both sides of which a number of swarthy1 black-eyed1 dark-haired coolies and ,spaniards were seated4 ,recognizing me as a padre cure1 all bowed and ceased talking as ,i entered1 exchanged courtesies and then resumed an exciting conversation4 ,the meal consisted of a variety of courses4 ,the meats were ingeniously spiced1 but rather redolent of garlic4 ,tropical fruits and vegetables1 cooked in all manners of ways1 were served up in abundance1 and each guest was treated to a bottle of ,catalonian wine1 which is a very pure and favorite claret in ,cuba4 ,this wine is imported from ,spain1 and a pipe containing one hundred and twenty-five gallons costs about fifty dollars in gold4 ,when dinner was over ,i retired to my room to find it containing two windows without glass1 enclosed by heavy green shutters4 ,the plainest kind of furniture was visible in the apartment4 ,the bed1 scantily supplied with clothing1 was adorned by a large mosquito net4 ,anticipating colder evenings in ,matanzas than ,i supposed were peculiar to ,havana1 owing to the former's situation on so many hills1 ,i requested the waiter to bring me a blanket4 ,this article 7being rather unusually used at the ,hotel de ,st4 ,francis7 it took him a long time to find4 ,at last he procured me a peculiar specimen of one1 so1 resolving to make a virtue of necessity1 ,i placed myself under the protection of heaven and retired to rest4 ,after a sound sleep ,i was awoke before dawn by the hopping and cooing of numerous doves1 whose cots were established not far from my bedroom4 ,the morning soon followed their waking1 and eager to gaze on the city and its environs1 ,i made haste to dress and go abroad4 ,the view which greeted my eyes the moment ,i stood on the balcony outside my door1 seemed to me very strange and delightful4 ,the sun was just rising in the east1 and in such a soft and lovely sky as the tropics only know4 ,its calm1 golden light fell on the city before me1 and on the emerald mountains behind1 giving to the villas and gardens that sat on the hills an aspect of unearthly beauty4 ,the doves1 finding their society invaded1 flocked together and flew over a grassy square1 in the midst of which stood immense stores for sugar and molasses4 ,i walked down to the courtyard1 admired its fountain1 gold-fish1 peacock1 and tame flamingo4 ,all in the hotel were up before ,i rose from bed4 ,cubans take advantage of the early morning1 as it is much cooler1 and consequently pleasanter to work then than later on in the day4 ,each guest enjoys a cup of coffee after getting up and takes breakfast about ten o'clock4 ,the coffee in ,cuba is well made1 and has a most delicious aroma4 ,after taking a cup ,i went out and saw the street alive with ,chinese laborers1 who were employed by the city in making extensive repairs4 ,i sauntered towards the ,church de ,san ,carlos to hear ,mass4 ,on crossing the bridge that spans the ,san ,juan ,river1 which shone in the sunlight as it flowed into the sea1 ,i observed curious-shaped boats1 lighters and other craft moving on it1 all occupied by queerly-dressed1 bronzed1 bustling men4 ,numerous drays and strings of packed mules1 carrying heavily laden panniers1 raised clouds of dust1 from which ,i was glad to escape on entering the narrow streets near the church4 ,over the doors of the stores were the customary fancy signs and names4 ,there seemed to be no end to the picturesque street-venders even at this early hour of the morning4 ,a ,chinaman1 dressed in loose1 blue shirt and yellow trousers1 passed with a long1 flat box on his head1 striking it loudly with a short1 thick stick1 and crying out1 dulces1 dulces1--sweet meats1 sweet meats4 ,a panadero 7baker7 balanced on his cranium a big basket full of rolls1 and carried on each arm also a palm-leaved bag full of bread4 ,a tall negress turned a corner1 holding a weighty basket1 and shouting out at the top of her voice1 ,naranges1 dulces1 naranges1 dulces1 sweet oranges1 sweet oranges4 ,soldiers1 lottery-ticket venders1 and an occasional negro calasero dressed in gorgeous blue jacket1 fringed with gold1 jack boots reaching to the hips1 high silk hat and silver-plated spurs1 lent variety to the scene4 ,i soon saw the church of ,san ,carlos1 a large building of dark stone1 with two lofty towers1 one of which had a splendid chime of bells4 ,the edifice within was long and high2 its gigantic pillars and great marble altar looked very imposing4 ,when the service was over ,i returned to my hotel1 intending to visit the priests after breakfast4 ,when the meal was despatched1 eleven o'clock found me in the presence of ,father ,francisco de ,p4 ,barnada1 ,cura ,vicario ,parroco ,ecclesiastico1 and ,phro ,jose ,saenz1 one of his assistants4 ,being a stranger1 the pastor had some slight suspicions about my orthodoxy2 but these were soon dispelled when he read my letters of introduction4 ,i could see at once that1 though strict1 he was a very cheerful1 hospitable gentleman4 ,his bright and pleasing features indicated the presence of a brilliant mind and a tender heart4 ,father ,jose ,saenz was the life and soul of cheerfulness and kindness4 ,i found myself at home immediately with these excellent priests1 and we chatted together very pleasantly for about an hour1 on a variety of subjects4 ,bits of ,latin1 ,english and ,spanish were our channels of expression4 ,the quarters of the priests were simple1 but comfortable1 and communicated directly with the church4 ,on suggesting that ,i would like to see the famous valley of the ,yumuri1 ,father ,barnada had me introduced to an engaging and intelligent young ,cuban named ,signor ,joaquin ,mariano1 who volunteered at once to accompany me on my ramble4 ,the most interesting though longest way to the valley is to walk along the banks of the ,yumuri ,river from a point a little above the beautiful bridge near that part of the town called ,versailles4 ,here the costly and grand church of ,st4 ,peter's can be seen rising1 with its beautiful spires1 above every other building4 ,on our way to the valley we were at first obliged to pass objects not very inviting1 such as city rubbish1 luxuriant weeds1 yelping dogs1 grunting pigs1 tanneries and dilapidated houses2 but these soon yielded to grassy lanes1 charmingly picturesque little dwellings perched on rocks in regular staircase position1 and gardens full of exquisite fruit trees and flowers4 ,the road is now perfectly clean and level1 edged on one side by the bright1 placid river1 and on the other by steep rocks and quarries1 in the cool nooks of which large1 lovely ferns1 air plants1 and numerous wild flowers bloom4 ,here we noticed a handsome private residence1 fronted by a stone wall crowned with cacti1 and guarded at the rear by stupendous cliffs4 ,sago and date palms grew near the narrow road4 ,we saw tremendous openings in the bare-ribbed mountains on the other edge of the stream4 ,pieces of rock overhead looked down like dead sea-lions and quarters of beef4 ,blossoms of every hue peeped out through the old black rocks beside us2 millions of insects rushed pell-mell out of the crevices of the shining stone1 and while we looked1 the breeze from the rippling river shook millions of neighboring flowers1 scattered their perfumes broadcast1 and thus afforded us an exquisite treat away from the heat1 dust1 and noise of the city4 ,gazing up1 we saw birds' nests in the limbs of trees1 naked roots of large bushes and vines clinging like net-work to their rocky bed1 and century plants growing in profusion where they could scarcely get an inch of soil4 ,these cliffs must have been two hundred feet high1 and on looking up one would imagine that the almost disjointed masses of hanging rock would fall down at any moment and crush us to pieces4 ,turkey buzzards1 with their black bodies and pink bills1 were screaming overhead on the tops of big limbs1 and anxiously looking out for prey4 ,the fair blue sky above looked down on the lines of green1 wild shrubs that flourished amid beds of solid rock4 ,sun and candelabra flowers1 big as cups and orange in hue1 with stalks like the bananas or ,indian corn1 sprung out of the cliffs to the height of twenty feet4 ,morning glories1 rare lichens1 violets1 dresinas1 and century plants grew by their side1 while the silky ,spanish moss1 suspended from a higher point1 threw a veil of beauty over all4 ,a curve in the walk brought us into the valley4 ,on the other side of the river we saw sand-hills crowned with emerald mountains and groves of palm4 ,the plain1 as far as it could be seen1 was one sheet of verdure1 and the stream widening at this point into a lake1 was adorned with woody islands4 ,birds1 breezes and the echoes of the hammer's sound in the quarries supplied natural music4 ,as far as the eye could see1 the valley was surrounded by mountains4 ,the lofty1 rocky wall continued to the left1 exposing to our view its beautiful cream-colored layers of granite1 fringed with lichens and ferns1 and surrounded by weirdly-carved roots and branches of gray stone4 ,all before us looked charming4 ,the narrow foot-path in the long grass1 the wild flowers everywhere1 the old kiln1 embraced by parasites1 convolvulus and jasmines1 the brushwood rustling with little reptiles1 the flying fish in the stream1 an old negro rolling a barrow full of leaves1 the ,indian mounds having figures of lions and human heads carved out of the rock1 the ever-royal palm with its mistletoes and berries1 its blood-red tassels on the smooth1 hard trunk1 its long1 feathery leaves1 ever falling like ribbons or streamers into various situations by the force of the breeze2 all1 all looked beautiful4 ,and to add to our delight the sounds of the ,angelus from the tower of the church of ,monserrat1 at the top of the mountain at hand came down on our ears like music from heaven4 ,the mountains around this valley of peace seemed to echo the melodies of ,god4 ,the cross on the beautiful ,corinthian ,church1 shone between the hills and the sky1 reminding us of ,him who died for us1 and who holds all creation in ,his hands4 ,all the lovely objects in this tropical vale seemed to murmur ,his praises4 ,the palms reminded us of ,his wanderings in the desert1 when a child1 of ,his domestic life at ,nazareth1 and ,his latter years in and around ,jerusalem and ,galilee4 ,our course now led through winding walks under waving palms1 by a house in the rocks1 past doves1 ducks1 chickens1 arches1 arbors1 flowering thickets1 wild lime1 sour orange and paw-paw trees4 ,we inhaled the most delicious fragrance at every step4 ,on emerging from the glades into an open field1 we began to climb the hill to the church of ,monserrat4 ,as we ascended1 the view of the valley grew wider4 ,scenes1 unobserved from the level1 now appeared enriching the picture4 ,we crept rather than walked up the great hill1 at one time gazing upon gullies and wells1 at another1 admiring big beautiful berries1 but ever and anon pausing to take in the view of the vale4 ,when the summit of the ,cumbre was gained1 ,i felt well rewarded for my toil1 for never before did ,i see a landscape so brimful of poetry and repose4 ,there it lay extending in every direction for miles1 bounded on all sides by mountains with picturesque gaps1 spurs1 peaks and openings2 it seemed to me more like a scene in a dream than a reality1--the character of the prospect was so ethereal1 a fit retreat for celestials1--lovelier than the most delightful panorama4 ,still1 it was a reality1 and not a painting of indescribably happy combinations of contrasts in color1 vegetation1 lights1 shadows1 and forms1 like the garden of ,eden1 and far fairer than the happy valley described in ,rasselas4 ,the ,yumuri ,river flowed through it looking like a silver thread4 ,billowy fields of cane1 rich pastures1 clumps of feathery palms and shrubs with golden flowers adorned the vale4 ,it is like a glimpse of ,paradise to see it at sunset4 ,i turned with regret from this feast of nature1 and walked with my companion along the extensive plateau on which the church and other buildings stood4 ,a venerable1 mild-looking old gentleman approached us4 ,he was ,migael ,darna1 the sexton and bell-ringer of ,monserrat1 living like a hermit on the top of the ,cumbre4 ,a handsome little boy with dark eyes and coal-black hair accompanied him4 ,this was his son1 of whom he seemed to be very fond4 ,at a sign from ,migael we entered the church4 ,its interior1 like the outside1 was very pretty4 ,behind the altar and around the side walls of the sanctuary stood a miniature mountain of cork1 on the top of which rested a statue of the ,blessed ,virgin resembling the image supposed to be made by ,st4 ,luke1 which graces the monastery of ,monserrat in ,spain4 ,flowers and gifts of various kinds were attached to the cork by faithful doners4 ,on our way to the tower1 ,i could see from the clever manner in which young ,darna played the organ1 that on the hills his father had not neglected his musical education4 ,after gaining the top we beheld a prospect1 which1 for grandeur and extent1 could scarcely be surpassed4 ,the valley to the left looked even more mysteriously enchanting than before1 owing to its greater distance and depth4 ,on the right the glorious ocean burst upon us1 its blue and green waters in some places as smooth as glass1 in others worked up into angry billows4 ,we saw the ships in the bay1 the coral reefs washed by the waves--the city with its sloping streets1 quaint1 gaudy buildings and villas resting below us like lords looking down on the scene4 ,in front we observed brown1 grassy1 shrubby hills1 cliffs1 precipices and vast fastnesses4 ,behind us flowed the ,san ,juan ,river by low1 rich meadows1 past numerous houses till it rested in the sea4 ,beyond appeared a chain of mountains1 whose dark-blue peaks were almost lost in the clouds4 ,the view of the country and city from the tower of this church is certainly the finest in all ,cuba1 and it was with the greatest reluctance that ,i turned from it to follow my companions down stairs4 ,bidding good-by to ,migael1 ,signor ,mariano and myself descended to the city over a grassy road1 full of blue1 white and yellow flowers4 ,we noticed on one of the lowest slopes of the ,cumbre one of the handsomest villas in ,matanzas built in the midst of gardens1 and surrounded by a pretty stone wall4 ,numerous statues and fountains adorned the grounds4 ,signor ,mariano1 being acquainted with the family1 offered to introduce me4 ,we were received at the door of this fine stone villa by ,signora ,torres who is regarded by the priests and people of ,matanzas as the foremost ,catholic lady in the city4 ,the recent death of her husband and brother sorely afflicted her1 but she endured this trial with ,christian fortitude1 and an ever-present desire to please and do good could readily be noticed even in the midst of her sorrow4 ,as we moved through the house1 ,i admired the lofty ceilings1 handsome stained-glass windows1 black and white marble floors1 and splendid furniture that graced the several apartments4 ,coolness and shade1 so desirable in the tropics1 reigned here1 and were rendered further agreeable by the sight of occasional rosy beams1 the odor of flowers and songs of birds4 ,the rich antique vases and fine old paintings on the the wall looked very beautiful4 ,the most precious woods of the island were seen in the wainscoting and furniture4 ,the chapel looked a rich and graceful little temple4 ,all the rarest valuables seemed to be reserved for here4 ,when the chaplain is home 7as he generally is7 ,mass is celebrated in the villa every morning4 ,after saying a little prayer1 we walked out on the front piazza4 ,this had a fine tiled floor and several pretty iron seats and sofas4 ,its numerous vases were full of flowers4 ,its balustrades were of stone1 with blue and gold1 porcelain finish4 ,rustic baskets hung around it in appropriate numbers and graceful order4 ,it faced the city and the bay4 ,down in the garden were all kinds of fruits and flowers4 ,oranges1 bananas1 pomegranates1 caimetoes1 pineapples1 oleanders1 cacti1 allspice trees1 enormous fuchsias1 canicas1 kaladiums1 and numerous other varieties1 bloomed in abundance1 each and all emitting a fragrance quite irresistible4 ,prince ,alexis of ,russia1 while on his visit to ,matanzas1 spent a few weeks in this villa and garden4 ,he could not have selected a more charming spot in ,cuba4 ,as time was precious1 we took our leave1 thanking the good ,senora for her kindness1 and pursued our journey down the hill4 ,on the right and left of us were high walls of calcareous rock1 over the tops of which hung thousands of brilliant1 sweet-scented flowers4 ,the ,casus de ,benefecentia1 a long1 yellow stone building1 with great pillars and piers1 rested on a hill a short distance away1 and on the edge of the street on which we walked1 stood the handsome1 sky-blue dwelling of a cure1 who was attached to a charitable institution conducted by the sisters4 ,i visited these buildings on an after occasion1 accompanied by two priests1 and was greatly edified and delighted with all ,i saw in them4 ,before we came to the ,church of ,st4 ,carlos1 we passed through the ,plaza de ,armas1 the most beautiful square in ,matanzas4 ,a magnificent fountain ornamented the centre of a circular row of palms4 ,numerous fragrant shrubs and flowers flourished near at hand1 and iron seats were provided for all who wished to rest4 ,beautiful stores and private dwellings line the enclosure1 which is surrounded by gas lamps1 sofas and wide-paved walks4 ,the palace of the comandant1 or governor1 of the department1 is situated on the east side4 ,the ,licco1 or lyceum and club-house1 stand on the north4 ,the military band plays in the ,plaza on ,tuesday1 ,thursday and ,sunday evenings4 ,thither all classes come then to hear the music1 observe the fashions1 form acquaintances1 and chat with friends4 ,on our arrival at the priest's house1 ,padre ,barnada invited me to celebrate ,mass1 in the church1 on the following morning 7,ash ,wednesday74 ,i cheerfully consented1 and then took my leave1 intending to see more of the town4 ,the attractions of ,matanzas are greatly marred by the clouds of dust that are almost constantly drifting4 ,as rain seldom falls the streets become very dry1 and the steady passing and repassing of mules and heavy ox-carts1 laden with sugar and molasses1 cause the calcareous sand to rise and envelop everything4 ,the ,chinaman occupies a conspicuous place in the life scenes of ,matanzas4 ,he can be readily recognized whether attired in the long1 loose1 shabby shirt of the laborer1 or the citizen's dress of the storekeeper4 ,his peculiar gait1 hair and countenance are very characteristic4 ,he associates familiarly with the negro1 is zealous1 parsimonious1 and so sensitive that he will even kill himself if he becomes incapable of revenging an insult4 ,most of these people in ,cuba remain in a beastly state of degradation1 while others of the race rise in the ranks1 own elegant stores1 and other establishments4 ,a certain ,chinaman in ,havana owns the finest silk establishment in that city4 ,another keeps a hotel in ,matanzas1 styled the ,flower of ,america4 ,their diet chiefly consists of rice1 fruit and vegetables4 ,they are generally vaccinated on the tip of the nose4 ,chinese free railroad hands receive sixty dollars per month1 in currency1 and street laborers get twelve reals a day4 ,,rev4 ,m4 ,w4 ,,newman4 ,the ,church and ,modern ,progress4 ,vaticination1 if we are to believe ,george ,eliot1 is only one of the innumerable forms in which ignorance finds expression4 ,in the olden time prophecy for the most part assumed a sombre guise1 denunciatory of woe and wrath to come4 ,in these latter days prophecy appears under the form of taffy1 which1 perhaps1 is indispensable for a generation whose religious emotions find adequate musical expression in that popular hymn1 ,the ,sweet ,bye and ,bye--heaven being apparently a sort of candy-shop on a large scale4 ,artemus ,ward's famous advice1 ,do not prophesy until after the event1 is scarcely applicable to modern prophets1 inasmuch as the fulfilment of their predictions is not at all necessary to their character and standing1 unless1 of course1 they should chance to be weather prophets4 ,the modern prophet dearly loves to take up some dominant idea of his time1 of such vastness and hazy indistinctness1 as will afford ample room and verge enough for his wildest speculations1 and allow him to disport at will within its undefined limits4 ,an idea of this kind is that which appertains to the progress of the species of humanity4 ,with this for his theme1 the modern prophet1 whether in the guise of a popular lecturer1 or masquerading as a writer in the current literature of the day1 rarely forgets1 while weaving his rose-colored visions of the future1 to indulge in a fling at the ,catholic ,church as the irreconcilable foe of progress in all its forms4 ,ask him what progress means1 in what respect the ,catholic ,church is opposed to it--the answer will prove to be rather unsatisfactory4 ,the constant cry of old ,aristotle--,define1 ,define1 is to him the voice of one calling in the wilderness4 ,if he ever read ,cicero1 it must have been in some expurgated edition1 ,pueris ,virginibusque1 in which the following passage found no place3 ,omnis quae ratione suscipitur de aliqua re institutio debet a definitione proficisi1 ut intelligatur quid sit id de quo disputetur4 ,de offic41 #a1 #b4 ,the prophet of progress has an instinctive dread of the bull-dog grip of a definition1 and will not readily run the risk of being pinned to the ground1 and perhaps rolled over in the dust4 ,and yet the chief cause of controversy1 of the heat with which it is carried on1 and its customary lack of decisive results1 lies in the fact that the disputants do not attach a definite meaning to words1 and do not understand them in the same sense4 ,i4 ,progress means motion forward4 ,this supposes a starting-point and a definite end or goal4 ,without these two requisites there may be motion1 but no progress4 ,now there is such a thing as progress in the life of individuals and of nations4 ,indeed1 the magic of this word progress1 its power to sway the minds of men1 goes to show that the conception rests on some underlying basis of truth4 ,a lie pure and simple has no such power4 ,it must clothe itself in the garb of truth if it would win converts and adherents4 ,the very life that throbs within us impels to progress1 for all life is but a motion and a striving towards a destined end1 and implies the growth and development of all our faculties to the full perfection of their being4 ,death alone is a resting and a standing still4 ,this visible nature around us pulsates with the spirit of life and progress4 ,the stars wheel onward in the courses marked out for them by their ,creator4 ,the interior of the earth is heaving and palpitating with a hidden life of its own1 which is ever manifested in richer fulness and strength1 in higher and more perfect forms4 ,nay1 the very stone that seems so motionless1 the inert metal in the bowels of the earth1 comes under the influence of this universal law of life and progress4 ,and what is this but the creative breath of ,god streaming through the universe1 and ever shaping it into new and diverse forms of life8 ,but this law of progress under which the physical universe lies1 affects man likewise in a manner worthy of him as the crowning masterpiece of creation4 ,so essentially is progress a law of our being that while material things1 in the process of their development1 cannot overstep the limits marked out for them1 man is called upon to progress even beyond the limits of his nature4 ,god ,himself1 in all ,his greatness and ,holiness1 is the exalted ideal towards which all our aspirations should tend4 ,be ye perfect as my ,heavenly ,father is perfect4 ,nay1 more3 not alone is progress a law of man's being2 it is a positive duty and command which he is obliged to fulfil4 ,and herein lies another point of difference between the laws of progress1 which are stamped into the nature of man1 and those we perceive operating in the visible world around us4 ,in nature no backward steps are possible4 ,every object in the physical universe1 in its growth and development1 moves within the fixed1 unchanging limits of law which ,god has marked out for it4 ,as a consequence1 there is no falling back in the world of nature from a higher to a lower type of existence4 ,the plant ever remains a plant2 the mineral ever remains a mineral4 ,but in the case of man1 he cannot stand still--he can only retrograde1 sink beneath his own level1 if he does not continually move forward1 in order1 by degrees1 to reach the supreme end and aim of his existence4 ,thus does the ,catholic ,church not alone recognize progress as a great law of our being2 she insists upon it1 as a divine duty which we are obliged to fulfil4 ,,ii4 ,from these preliminary remarks1 it will be seen that those who charge the ,catholic ,church with being opposed to progress1 must mean material progress2 that is1 a larger knowledge of the laws of the physical universe1 and a wider diffusion and application of the various arts and contrivances which minister to the comforts and conveniences of man's earthly existence1 leaving out of account altogether the moral and spiritual advancement of humanity4 ,to all such it will be enough to observe3 the ,catholic ,church is not opposed to progress in the material order of things4 ,she places no hindrance to the exercise of man's inventive faculties4 ,but above and beyond the highest material progress1 above and beyond railroads and telegraphs1 steam-engines1 and cannons and iron-clads1 she places the moral and spiritual progress of the human race4 ,she will never cease to maintain that though railroads and telegraphs girdle the earth a hundred times over1 and the telephones penetrate into every private dwelling2 though the sails of a nation's commerce whiten every sea1 and the face of the land be covered with the most varied and prosperous industries--man will be none the happier1 society none the more peaceful and durable when not leavened by the spirit of ,christian truth and ,christian morality4 ,at every new invention men cry aloud in tones of triumph3 ,see how humanity is advancing2 see what victories mind is daily gaining over matter2 and dazzled by the splendor of their progress in the material order of things1 come to think that therein lies the end of their existence1 the supreme aim of all human exertion4 ,to all such the church simply observes3 ,labor and strive to make what progress you can in art and science1 in commerce and industry1 in every department of human enterprise and activity3 and when you have travelled over the whole field1 have exhausted all your resources1 and reached the farthest limits of your power1 ,i say to you3 ,you have not progressed far enough4 ,a far nobler and higher ideal is yours4 ,you are born to be a child of ,god1 to bring out into utmost clearness and distinctness the likeness of ,god that is stamped on your soul1 and develop into the full-grown man1 to the measure of the stature and the fulness of ,christ4 ,thus1 as regards the higher order of progress1 the ,catholic ,church is in advance of her age4 ,excelsior is the motto emblazoned on her flag4 ,it is no difficult task for the mere theorist to sketch out1 in the domain of religion or politics1 systems ideally perfect1 serenely ignoring in their application such disturbing elements as the vices and frailties incident to a fallen humanity4 ,but the practical man of affairs who has to deal1 not with abstractions1 but with the concrete realities of life1 soon1 alas6 perceives that such a dazzling formula1 for example1 as that of the ,french republicans1 ,liberty1 ,equality1 ,fraternity1 can be realized on earth by revolutionizing1 not only political institutions1 but the very nature of man himself4 ,humanity is a mere empty abstraction1 except in so far as we conceive it as composed of individuals4 ,society is a mere aggregate of individuals4 ,except to your modern prophet1 it is difficult to conceive how there can be progress in society without progress among the individuals who go to compose that society4 ,each individual may be viewed1 under a threefold aspect3 in his relations to himself1 to the family1 and to the society of which he is a member4 ,now all progress which deserves the name must make for the well-being and advancement of the individual in these threefold relations of life4 ,this the ,catholic ,church claims to do4 ,on the first page of the catechism which she places in the hands of the little child is a decisive1 authoritative answer to the heart-piercing cry of modern doubt3 ,whence1 and great heavens1 whither8 ,she exhorts to the practice of those virtues which alone beget true peace and contentment of mind--to temperance1 purity1 honesty1 self-control1 love of ,god and our neighbor4 ,she claims1 furthermore1 to be the sole depository and dispenser of these spiritual aids1 without which the practice of these virtues is impossible1 and without which man can never attain the end of his existence4 ,the church has blest and sanctified the family relation as the fundamental element in the structure of human society4 ,she is the only institution now in the world which upholds the unity and indissolubility of the marriage tie4 ,she has uplifted woman from the mire of degradation into which paganism had dragged her1 has made her the equal1 instead of being the slave of man4 ,she counsels mutual love1 trust and fidelity1 as between husband and wife1 and reminds them of their common responsibility in training their offspring in the ways of truth and virtue4 ,she exhorts children to the duties of love1 reverence1 obedience towards their parents4 ,she tells the citizen that he owes a strict1 conscientious obedience to the laws of the realm1 a willing allegiance to the lawfully constituted government under which he lives4 ,she reminds rulers that they have no power except in so far as it has been given to them from above2 that they are responsible to the ,most ,high for the use they make of that power2 that their authority must be exercised in a spirit of justice1 moderation1 and regard for the interests of those over whom they are placed2 and that1 finally1 in the sight of ,god1 they are of no more account than the lowliest of their subjects4 ,this doctrine of the equality of men before ,god is the fruitful principle which flung forth into the seed-field of time has developed into the kindred doctrine which asserts the equality of all men before the law4 ,the assertion and application of this principle it was which enabled the ,church to abolish slavery in ,europe1 not indeed by the effusion of blood and treasure1 but by the calm1 winning influence of her persuasiveness and her example4 ,in truth1 it may be said that the history of the ,catholic ,church is the history of human progress on earth4 ,from the day when she stepped down from the little chamber in ,jerusalem into the public squares of the city1 and took society by the hand to lift it out of the corruption into which paganism had dragged it1 dates the first step in the true progress of human society4 ,,iii4 ,but1 unhappily1 in these latter days certain elements have been imported into men's conceptions of progress1 of which the ,catholic ,church is the stern and uncompromising foe4 ,in so far as the advocates of modern progress aim at the destruction of those ,christian principles of conduct which should influence the individual man in his relations to himself1 to the family1 and to the ,state1 they may expect unceasing opposition from the ,catholic ,church4 ,in some respects the ,church does not consider modern progress1 so-called1 as progress in the true sense of the word1 but rather a retrograde movement--a relapse into the moral corruption1 the political and social degradation of ancient paganism4 ,when a man finds himself moving forward at a rapid pace along a road which he discovers to be a wrong one1 he is only moving farther away from the end of his journey2 he cannot be said to be making progress4 ,or1 when a man is sick of a deadly disease1 which is rapidly gaining ground1 it cannot be said that he is progressing1 since such progress leads to death1 not life4 ,in certain ,european countries at the present day1 advocates of progress insist that the ,church should adapt herself to the spirit of the age1 and would fain transform her into a mere creature of the civil government1 a sort of moral police under its pay and control1 or to use the illustration of ,cardinal ,newman1 employ her as a pet jackdaw1 useful for picking up the grubs and worms on its master's trim1 smooth-shaven lawn4 ,the ,church1 however1 will not surrender her independence1 nor will she change her doctrines to suit the shifting1 fallible opinions of men4 ,her mission is to hold pure from all taint of error1 and transmit unimpaired to future generations the word of her master3 ,guard that which is entrusted to thee1 turning away from the profane babblings and oppositions of knowledge falsely so called4 ,the ,church is opposed to modern progress in so far as it seeks to rob ,christian marriage of its sacramental character1 and reduce it to the level of a mere contract1 which may be dissolved at the will of the contracting parties4 ,she is opposed to the divorce of religion from education1 holding that the development of man's moral and intellectual nature1 should go hand in hand4 ,indeed1 among ourselves of late1 many serious-minded persons seem to be coming round to the ,church's way of thinking on this important matter4 ,they are exerting themselves to find some substitute for religion in the moral training of children1 and profess to have discovered it in a knowledge of the elements of physiology4 ,a text-book of this science1 which will clearly impress on the youthful mind the dire fattening qualities of alcohol is the unum necessarium4 ,it is fondly hoped that the natural horror which one experiences at the thought of an accumulation of adipose tissue in the intestines will be quite sufficient to deter the rising generation from the use of alcoholic stimulants4 ,this1 however1 is only taking a limited view of the matter1 for humanity may be conceived as divided into two classes1 the fat and the lean4 ,this latter class constitutes a large percentage of the world's population2 and in their case the temptation is great of falling back on alcohol as an excellent substitute for padding1 forswearing thin potations and addicting themselves to sack4 ,furthermore men of science inform us that1 owing to the conditions of our environment1 climatic and otherwise1 there is a tendency among ,americans1 after a few generations1 to develop into a type of man1 similar to the ,red ,indian1 tall1 muscular1 gaunt4 ,if this is so1 have we not cause to apprehend the universal use of alcohol as a means of counteracting such a deplorable tendency4 ,we respectfully refer these considerations to the serious attention of those who would place the science of morals on a physiological basis4 ,finally then1 the only progress which the ,catholic ,church upholds is that which rests on the foundations1 everlasting and unchanging as adamant1 of ,christian truth and ,christian morality4 ,a fair and goodly tree1 the higher it grows1 the more widely it expands1 the deeper must it cast its roots into the ground1 if it would not come toppling down and cumber the earth4 ,so must the roots of modern progress strike themselves more and more deeply into the soil of the ,christian virtues1 that its fine growth of material well-being may not drag down the fair tree1 and only serve to hasten its speedy disappearance in corruption and death4 ,j4 ,c4 ,give ,charity ,while ,you ,live4 ,lake ,shore ,visitor3--,the many men and women who leave large bequests to religion and to charity do in a certain sense some good4 ,their means thus disposed of may feed the hungry and bring the erring to a sense of duty4 ,but generally speaking means thus left are not as well husbanded as if they were spent by the testator himself4 ,it is given in a bulk and the legatee not having been put to the trouble and pains of earning the legacy dollar for dollar soon lets the specie fly4 ,it came easy and is very apt to go the same way4 ,it is not necessary for the charitably inclined to wait until the message comes in order to perform an act of charity4 ,we are told that the poor we always have with us4 ,the orphan may be found in every city and town1 and orphanages and hospitals exist in every city4 ,to be really disinterested in our charity1 we should give while in health4 ,while giving thus we are making a sacrifice1 and plainly proving that our hearts are not very strongly set on the goods of this world4 ,to give when that which we give is about to be snatched away from us is certainly not giving with the hope of obtaining a very great reward4 ,looking after our own donations would make them more profitable to the cause of good1 and giving when we are in health and strength is making a sacrifice that without doubt will meet a reward4 ,emmet's ,rebellion4 ,illustration3 ,,robert ,,emmet4 ,born ,march #d1 #aghj4 ,executed ,sept4 #bj1 #ahjc4 ,at the time when the plans of the ,united ,irishmen were slowly ripening toward revolution1 and when ,wolfe ,tone and ,edward ,fitzgerald still believed in the immediate regeneration of their country1 there were two young men in ,dublin ,university--close personal friends--who were watching with peculiar interest the progress of events4 ,both were exceptionally gifted young men1 and both were destined to leave behind them names that will live forever in the history of the ,irish nation4 ,one was ,thomas ,moore2 the other1 his junior by a year and his senior by one class in the ,university1 was ,robert ,emmet4 ,it was especially natural that two such young men should take the keenest interest in the national movement that was going on about them4 ,it was a movement calculated to attract all the generous and impassioned impulses of youth4 ,both ,moore and ,emmet were profoundly ambitious for their nation's welfare2 both of them1 we may well assume1 felt conscious of the possession of abilities beyond the average2 and both were animated by a desire to be of active service to their people4 ,the desire1 however1 which led ,moore to become the poetical voice of ,ireland's aspirations and regrets1 urged ,emmet into directer and more decided action4 ,emmet was a brother of ,thomas ,addis ,emmet4 ,he was1 therefore1 closely in connection with the revolutionary movement1 and did all that lay in his power to advance it by his speeches in the ,debating ,society and in the ,historical ,society of the ,college4 ,political speeches were1 of course1 forbidden in such bodies as these two societies2 but ,emmet always contrived to introduce into his utterances upon any of the themes set down for debate some burning words which those who listened to him1 and loved him1 could readily interpret into justification of the ,united ,irishmen1 and encouragement of their efforts4 ,between the young orator and the young poet the closest friendship and affection existed4 ,the genius of ,moore was naturally captivated by the pure and lofty enthusiasm of ,robert ,emmet2 and it is almost surprising that under the circumstances ,moore did not become more deeply involved in the conspiracy that spread all around him4 ,moore had not1 however1 the nature of the conspirator1 or of the very active politician4 ,he was called upon to do other work in this world1 and he did that work so worthily that we may well forgive him for having been so little of a rebel at a time when rebellion was the duty of every ,irishman4 ,moore tells a touching little story of himself and of his friend1 which1 in itself1 exemplifies the different natures of the two young men4 ,moore had become possessed of that precious volume in which the labors of ,mr4 ,bunting had collected so much of the national music of ,ireland2 and he delighted in passing long hours in playing over to himself the airs which he was destined later on to make so famous by his verses4 ,emmet often sat by him while he played1 and ,moore records how1 one evening1 just as he finished playing that spirited tune called ,the ,red ,fox1 ,emmet sprang up from a reverie1 and exclaimed1 ,oh1 that ,i were at the head of twenty thousand men marching to that air6 ,the air which awakened in ,emmet the gallant hope1 which he was never destined to see realized1 had probably started in the brain of ,moore dim memories of the lost glories of ,ireland2 of the ,knights of the ,red ,branch1 of ,malichi with the gold torque1 and of the buried city of ,lough ,neagh4 ,the music which ,emmet had desired to hear as the marching song of victory is familiar to every ,irishman as ,let ,erin ,remember the ,days of ,old4 ,how little did ,i think1 said the poet1 that in one of the most touching of the sweet airs ,i used to play to him1 his own dying words would find an interpreter so worthy of their sad but proud feelings2 or that another of those mournful strains would long be associated in the hearts of his countrymen with the memory of her who shared with ,ireland his last blessing and prayer4 ,ninety-eight had come and gone like a dream4 ,the leaders of the ,united ,irishmen were dead1 in exile1 or hiding from the law4 ,the ,irish parliament had passed from existence1 and the hated union with ,england had become an accomplished fact4 ,the promises of the ,british minister1 which had done so much to facilitate the passing of the ,act of ,union1 had1 of course1 been shamefully violated4 99 99 99 99 99 ,there were desperate riots in ,limerick1 ,waterford and ,tipperary in the year of the union--smouldering embers of the revolution of '#ih1 which were destined still to break out into one final1 fitful conflagration4 ,robert ,emmet saw the sufferings of his country with indignation1 but not with despair4 ,he conceived the possibility of reviving the spirit of '#ih4 ,in his eyes revolution was not dead1 but only asleep2 and he proudly fancied that he might be the voice to wake rebellion from its trance1 and lead it to its triumph4 ,he had some personal fortune of his own1 which he unselfishly devoted to the purpose he had in view4 ,gradually he began to gather around him a cluster of the disaffected--survivors of '#ih who had escaped the grave1 the gibbet1 or exile--men like the heroic ,myles ,byrne1 of ,wexford1 who had evaded the clutch of the law1 and was lying perdu in ,dublin1 as assistant in a timber yard1 and waiting for fortune4 ,in ,myles ,byrne1 ,emmet found a ready and a daring colleague1 and each found others no less ready1 no less daring1 and no less devoted to their country1 to aid in the new revolutionary movement4 ,like the ,united ,irishmen1 ,emmet was willing to avail himself of ,french arms2 but he trusted ,france less than the ,united ,irishmen had done4 ,he had been in ,paris2 he had had interviews with ,napoleon2 he had distrusted the ,first ,consul1 and1 as we know from his dying speech1 he never for a moment entertained the slightest idea of exchanging the dominion of ,england for the dominion of ,france4 ,his scheme was desperate1 but it was by no means hopeless4 ,large stores of arms and gunpowder were accumulated in the various depots in ,dublin4 ,thousands of men were pledged to the cause and were prepared to lose their lives for it4 ,the means of establishing a provisional government had been carefully thought out1 and had been given effect to in an elaborate document1 in which vast information was printed1 ready to be sown broadcast through the city and the county as soon as the green flag floated over ,dublin ,castle4 ,that was ,emmet's chief purpose4 ,once master of the castle1 and ,dublin would be practically in his power2 and ,dublin once in the hands of rebellion1 why1 then1 rebellion would spread through the country like fire in a jungle1 and ,ireland might indeed be free4 99 99 99 99 99 ,it is scarcely necessary to recapitulate the events of that memorable evening of ,july #bc1 #ahjc4 ,at #aj o'clock a rocket sent up from ,thomas ,street blazed for a moment1 the meteor of insurrection1 in the unwonted darkness of that summer night4 ,but the signal that was to have been the herald of freedom was only the herald of failure4 ,a small mob of men hurried to the malt house in ,mass lane1 which was the principal store of arms4 ,there pikes were hurriedly handed out to the crowd1 and then ,emmet1 who had hoped to head an army1 found himself the centre of an undisciplined rabble4 ,his hopes must have sunk low as he stood there in the dim and dismal street1 in his glittering uniform of green and gold2 but his heart did not fail him for a moment4 ,he turned towards the castle at the head of his turbulent horde as composedly as if he had been marshalling the largest army in ,europe4 ,but the crowd lacked cohesion1 lacked purpose1 lacked determination4 ,it fell away from its leader loosely1 even aimlessly4 ,some rushed wildly at the castle2 others1 at the moment when unity and concentration were of the utmost importance1 hurried off in another direction to sack a debtor's prison and set the inmates free4 ,while the disorganized crowd was still in ,thomas ,street1 while ,emmet was vainly trying to rally his forces and accomplish something1 a carriage came slowly down the street--the carriage of ,lord ,kilwarden1 ,lord ,chief ,justice of the ,king's ,bench4 ,inside the carriage were ,lord ,kilwarden1 his daughter1 and his nephew1 the ,rev4 ,mr4 ,wolfe4 ,the mob surrounded the carriage2 ,lord ,kilwarden and his nephew were dragged from the carriage1 and killed with innumerable pike-thrusts4 ,the girl was left untouched2 was1 it is said1 carried out of danger by ,robert ,emmet himself1 who had vainly attempted to stop the purposeless slaughter4 ,before the ,chief ,justice was quite dead ,major ,sirr and a large body of his soldiers made their appearance1 and the mob vanished almost without resistance1 leaving several prisoners in the hands of the military4 ,emmet had disappeared1 no one knew where--no one1 that is1 except some dozen of his followers and some farmers in the ,wicklow ,mountains1 whose hospitality and protection were extended to the fugitive patriot4 ,emmet might easily have escaped to ,france if he had chosen1 but he delayed till too late4 ,emmet was a young man1 and ,emmet was in love4 ,the idol of his heart1 as he calls her in his dying speech1 was ,sarah ,curran1 the daughter of ,john ,philpot ,curran1 the great orator who had played so important a part in defending the ,state prisoners of '#ih4 ,emmet was determined to see her before he went4 ,he placed his life upon the stake and lost it4 ,he returned to ,dublin1 and was hiding at ,harold's ,cross1 when his place of refuge was betrayed1 and he was arrested by ,major ,sirr1 the same who had brought ,fitzgerald to his death1 and who now1 strangely enough1 occupies a corner of the same graveyard with the gallant and seditious ,geraldine4 ,curran very bitterly opposed ,emmet's love for ,sarah1 and the voice which had been raised so often and so eloquently in defence of the other heroes and martyrs of ,irish revolution was not lifted up in defence of ,emmet4 ,curran has been often and severely censured for not undertaking ,emmet's defence1 and he has been accused1 in consequence1 of being1 at least indirectly1 the cause of his death4 ,but we may safely assume that no advocacy either of men or of angels could by any possibility have stirred the hearts of those in authority1 and saved the life of the man who was presumptuous enough to rebel against the ,union4 ,the trial was hurried through4 ,every ,irish schoolboy knows the impassioned and eloquent address which ,emmet delivered--an address which even the tragic circumstances could not save from the brutal interruption of ,lord ,norbury4 ,on the altar of truth and liberty1 ,emmet had extinguished the torch of friendship1 had offered up the idol of his soul1 and the object of his affections4 ,with the shadow of death upon him1 the doomed patriot addressed his countrymen in words of wellnigh prophetic import1 forbidding them to write his epitaph until his country had taken her place among the nations of the earth4 ,the words did not pass his lips long before his death4 ,he was found guilty late in the night of the #aith of ,september1 and he was hanged the next morning in ,thomas ,street1 on the spot where the gloomy church of ,st4 ,catherine looks down ,bridgefoot ,street1 where his principal stores of arms had been found4 99 99 99 99 99 ,such was the fate of ,robert ,emmet4 ,his dying request has been faithfully obeyed by his countrymen2 and it is but fitting that no spot should bear his name1 no statue should typify his memory1 until the time comes for which he hoped1 and for which he suffered4 ,his old friend1 the companion of his youth1 the poet who had loved him1 has honored his memory with two of his noblest lyrics1 and has devoted a third to the girl whom ,emmet's love has made immortal4 ,curran never forgave his daughter for having given her affections to ,emmet2 he practically disowned her1 and did not1 it is said1 even extend his forgiveness to her at the hour of her death some years later4 ,it is melancholy to have to record the fact that the betrothed wife of ,robert ,emmet was not entirely faithful to his memory4 ,she married1 at the instance1 it is said1 of her friends1 and did not long survive her marriage4 ,,justin ,,huntley ,m',,carthy in ,united ,ireland4 99 99 99 99 99 ,no workman engaged in the copper mines or in the manufacture of copper was ever known to have cholera4 ,science has demonstrated the fact that cholera has raged the least where the presence of electricity in the air was most positive4 ,the ,annunciation3--,march #beth4 ,how pure and frail and white ,the snowdrops shine6 ,gather a garland bright ,for ,mary's shrine4 ,for1 born of winter snows1 ,these fragile flowers ,are gifts to our frail ,queen ,from spring's first hours4 ,for on this blessed day ,she knelt at prayer2 ,when1 lo1 before her shone ,an ,angel ,fair4 ,hail1 ,mary6 thus he cried ,with reverent fear2 ,she1 with sweet1 wondering eyes ,marvelled to hear4 ,be still1 ye clouds of heaven6 ,be silent1 earth6 ,and hear an angel tell ,of ,jesus' birth4 ,while she1 whom ,gabriel hails ,as full of grace1 ,listens with humble faith ,in her sweet face4 ,be still1 ,pride1 ,war and ,pomp1 ,vain ,hopes1 vain ,fear1 ,for now an angel speaks ,and ,mary hears4 ,hail1 ,mary6 lo1 it rings ,through ages on2 ,hail1 ,mary6 it shall sound ,till time is done4 ,hail1 ,mary6 infant lips ,lisp it to-day2 ,hail1 ,mary6 with faint smile1 ,the dying say4 ,hail1 ,mary6 many a heart ,broken with grief ,in that angelic prayer ,has found relief4 ,and many a half lost soul ,when turned at bay1 ,with those triumphant words ,has won the day4 ,hail1 ,mary1 ,queen of ,heaven6 ,let us repeat1 ,and place our snow-drop wreath ,here at her feet4 ,,adelaide ,,proctor4 ,much-a-,wanted4 ,the sun of an ,italian ,september was shining in broad1 yellow splendor on ,ancona--shining on the city1 on its tawny background of hills1 and on the shimmering spread of the ,adriatic at its feet4 ,but for all the sunshine1 the city was not cheerful4 ,the narrow streets were deserted by ordinary wayfarers1 shops were shut1 sometimes a wan face peeped furtively from a half-opened casement4 ,the churches were turned from their normal purposes to those of hospitals4 ,sant' ,agostino1 near the ,piazza del ,teatro1 was assigned to one set of patients2 even the transepts and aisles of the ,duomo1 on the top of the ,monte ,ciriaco1 were converted into wards and lined with rows of beds4 ,it was not that a pestilence brooded over the place1 but something worse1 much worse4 ,unfortunate ,ancona1 the scene of so many pages of strife written by ,greeks1 ,lombards1 and ,saracens1 by the troops of ,barbarossa and of others1 was undergoing its latest bombardment on this ,september day of #ahfj4 ,since the opening of the century it had changed its masters four times3 now it was about to change them anew4 ,an army-corps1 commanded by the ,sardinian general1 ,cialdini1 was encamped outside the advanced works1 and had planted batteries which sent projectiles hissing and screaming not only over the ramparts and citadel1 but into the heart of the thickly peopled city2 and the fleet of the ,sardinian admiral1 ,persano1 was steaming to and fro outside the harbor1 and occasionally joining in the work of destruction by pitching a heavy missile into the ,lazaretto 7occupied as barracks71 or against the masonry of the ,mole4 ,de la ,moriciere1 the general to whom ,abd-el-,kader had surrendered1 and who had driven the ,red ,republicans of ,paris from the left bank of the ,seine in the ,june of #ahdh1 was holding the fort for ,pio ,nono4 ,he had escaped but a few days previously from the disaster of ,castelfidardo with a troop of light dragoons1 and was battling stubbornly against odds which forbade the chance of success4 ,he had not much faith in his ,swiss--they were purely and simply mercenaries2 the ,italians at his disposal were neither unquestionably loyal nor of the stuff of which heroes are made2 the only men he had beyond his own small ring of ,french ,legitimists--his personal followers so to speak--on whose courage and fidelity he could depend were the ,irish and the ,austrians4 ,the former1 the ,battaglione di ,san ,patrizio1 were in the citadel and the environing entrenched camp2 the latter1 being more seasoned and better armed1 were assigned to the approaches of the beleaguered stronghold4 ,the inhabitants of ,ancona were by no means all well affected2 but the one sentiment in which they were unanimous was the hope that it might soon end--for all were in a mortal fright4 ,the roar of artillery1 the bursting of shells1 the collapse of shattered walls1 bugle-blasts1 drum-beats1 the tramp of armed men1 the crepitation of the hoofs of cantering chargers on the hard pavements1 were frequent1 and now and again rose a shriek of terror1 or an alarm of fire4 ,but the inhabitants took care to keep away these sounds as much as possible2 they cowered in dark cellars1 and prayed and cursed1 and played mora1 and helped to make each other uncomfortable by the contagion of an abject poltroonery4 ,on the spacious sloping piazza in front of the ,cathedral1 where the market used to be held1 the main-guard was posted1 and a pair of jaegers paced backward and forward with the stolidity of ,germans between their sentry-boxes4 ,suddenly they halted1 raised a cry1 the meaning of which ,i could not grasp1 and the guard turned out4 ,i could see no visiting officer1 and was lost in conjecture when ,i noticed an ambulance party with a stretcher moving slowly downwards by the road leading from the citadel4 ,a blue great coat outlined a figure on the stretcher2 one of the legs cased in red trousers was lumpy with bandages1 through which the blood oozed1 but the face of the sufferer was screened from observation and from the fierce noon glare of the sun by a strip of linen4 ,the party came to a standstill opposite the post of the sentries2 the guard presented arms1 the officer lowered his sword1 the bugle blew thrice a weird melancholy wail of notes1 and the stretcher-bearers resumed their careful1 slow march4 ,this1 ,i heard1 was a usage borrowed from chivalrous times1 and was intended as a compliment2 but ,i could not help thinking it a cruelty to the poor wounded wretch whose recovery the delay of a minute might imperil4 ,i went up to the party and asked who was the last victim of the war they were carrying4 ,a countryman of yours1 was the answer4 ,i gently lifted the strip of linen1 and recognized in the sufferer a youngster from ,sligo1 of some nineteen years1 the only son of his mother1 who had joined the ,papal service through motives of the most sincere faith and devotedness4 ,to his aged parent1 in her humble ,connaught cabin1 he had sent the twenty scudi he had received as bounty4 ,andy was his ,christian name--,i never heard that of his family2 but he usually went by the nickname of ,much-a-,wanted4 ,this originated from a habit he had of using the phrase on all occasions1 suitable and unsuitable4 ,if it came on to rain1 ,andy would say1 much-a-wanted2 if macaroni1 which the ,irishmen unaccountably disliked1 were served up from the dinner-boiler1 he met it with the same exclamation2 if he got a newspaper from home1 or won a mezzo-baioccho at pitch-and-toss1 it was alike4 ,all were much-a-wanted4 ,verily1 ,i believe if he had been sent to the cells on a false charge1 the philosophic ,andy would have consoled himself with the cheery reflection that it was much-a-wanted4 ,on inquiry ,i discovered he had come in for his fate characteristically4 ,while they had been preparing the mid-day meal for his company1 the cook complained of a scarcity of water4 ,the path to the draw-well was in the direct line of a terrible fire2 it was positively furrowed with ripping segments of shell4 ,instead of ordering the men on fatigue duty 7whose actual business it was7 to go1 volunteers were asked for1 and ,andy and a comrade stepped forward and undertook to fetch a bucket4 ,hardly had they started into the open on their hazardous errand1 when a shell exploded almost at their feet1 knocking them over like ninepins1 and sending the fragments of the bucket whizzing in splintered chips far asunder4 ,andy's comrade was hit on the sole of the foot1 and broke into a bellow of pain4 ,it was no want of fortitude2 the torment must have been insupportable4 ,the net-work of sinew and muscles in that most delicately formed portion of the human framework was torn through1 and the dirty leather of the shoe was forced into the flesh1 and there was an ugly circle of jagged spokes around like the star-fractures made by a stone flung through a pane of glass4 ,andy's right leg was shattered a few inches above the knee1 and hung on by a shred of skin2 the shock must have deprived him of sensation1 and the rapid gush of blood caused a merciful swoon4 ,the hemorrhage was stopped by a surgeon on the spot1 and a dose of brandy poured down his throat4 ,as he recovered his speech he murmured in a dazed way his old catch-words much-a-wanted4 ,while ,i was learning these particulars1 the pathetic little procession was climbing towards the hospital of ,st4 ,john of ,god1 where the most accomplished of our staff of surgeons were in waiting to perform serious operations1 and the zealous brothers of the institution--a sort of anticipatory ,red ,cross order--were on the constant watch to supply all that science1 good nursing and the beautiful compassion of religion could suggest for the benefit of the afflicted4 ,on the ground floor the operating-room was situated1 and thither the party bore their pale-faced1 perspiring1 still burden4 ,i followed1 thinking ,i might be of use as ,i understood ,italian2 and1 in any case1 when the sufferer returned to consciousness it might be some comfort to him to have the face of one he knew by his pallet4 ,it was promptly decided that the leg should be amputated at the thigh1 and as the surgeons1 with workmanlike coolness1 proceeded with their grim preliminaries1 the pain awoke ,andy to his situation4 ,and yet not quite4 ,by the wild unrest of his eyes and the working of his features1 it was plain that he was in the throes of acute agony2 he felt it1 but he could not tell why or wherefore it was4 ,he knew too keenly where the seat of pain was1 but he could not divine the exact injury he had sustained1 and strove almost frantically to rise so as to obtain a view of his lower extremities4 ,he caught sight of me1 and besought me to lift him4 ,i laid my hand on his forehead and tried to pacify him1 but in vain4 ,he sank back with a moan that went to my very marrow4 ,while he lay thus1 as if in the coma of prostration1 ,i asked quietly if they did not propose to administer chloroform1 but they shook their heads and said they had none to spare except for officers4 ,i insisted that the boy would die under the knife unless he had something to numb his sensibility1 and at the moment he opened wide his eyes1 and1 with a look of pleading which ,i can never forget1 gasped-- ,gracious ,god6 ,how ,i burn4 ,take me out and shoot me4 ,then1 in a sharp shout of entreaty as if wrung by a stronger spasm than before-- ,if you're friends1 if you're men1 you'll put me out of pain4 ,the surgeon-major at last relented and nodded to an aide1 who administered the chloroform4 ,quickly and skilfully the operation was performed1 and when the patient came back to things of the world he lay in a ward on the same floor1 a cradle over the stump to avert the risk of hemorrhage from the dressings being disturbed4 ,he was very feeble and languid1 and spoke like one in a trance4 ,do you feel better after your sleep1 ,andy8 ,yes1 thank you2 'twas much-a-wanted4 ,but my feet are very cold4 ,his feet6 ,then he knew nothing of what had occurred2 that he was no longer as others1 but maimed in his youth1 destined to go through life a cripple--if he ever rose from his bed4 ,put more covers over me1 he besought4 ,he got a stimulating cordial from one of the brothers who specially charged himself with his guardianship1 and ,i passed through some of the remaining wards on my way out4 ,those who were the least querulous appeared to be the very men who were most grievously wounded1 perhaps they were too spent to sigh2 those who were loudest in their yells of anguish--there is no other word--were a number of unfortunates who had their flesh scorched and shrivelled by the blow-up of a magazine4 ,it is as trying to hear a strong man yell with anguish as to see a strong man shed tears4 ,here and there a lighted taper was placed at the foot of a bed1 and the white sheet drawn over the mute and motionless occupant told its own story4 ,the next forenoon ,i visited ,andy4 ,he was weak but sprightly1 and still unconscious of his great loss4 ,he asked me how we were getting on1 and when we should have the enemy beaten1 for he could distinctly hear the whistling of shells and the repercussion of the booming of the big guns4 ,on the following day there was a change in him for the worse4 ,there were two reasons to explain it2 a shell had fallen on the roof of the hospital and crashed into one of the wards of the upper story where it burst4 ,this naturally caused a fearful commotion1 and fevered and mutilated patients had started from their beds in panic and crouched in the corridors and on the staircases4 ,but1 to my thinking1 the alteration in ,andy's condition was to be traced rather to another accident4 ,he had learned the extent of his misfortune4 ,a rough1 good-natured comrade who had snatched time for a friendly call had blurted it out4 ,keep up your spirits1 my hearty2 you won't be the first lad to hobble through life on a timber-peg4 ,the poor fellow turned a ghastly white1 gazed around him in a scared1 vacant manner--so the brother told me--and asked with dry1 tremulous lips for a drink of water4 ,afterwards he had dozed into a delirious slumber4 ,in his ravings he fancied he was on a lone and dangerous post in advance of our lines1 and that his officer had forgotten him4 ,i'm perishin' wid the cowld1 he peevishly muttered1 and no sign o' the relief4 ,ten hours on sentry2 ,i give them ten minutes more4 ,if they don't come1 ,i'll go4 ,then there must have been a struggle in his harassed brain between duty and the sense that he had been neglected4 ,no1 he continued4 ,desertion before the inamy--disgrace6 ,can't do that4 ,as ,i'm here1 ,i'll see it out4 ,i wish the relief would come4 ,and then the poor crazed youth went through the motions of slapping his hands across his breast to quicken the circulation1 and began humming the air of ,the ,pretty ,maid ,milking her ,cow4 ,by degrees the motion of his hands slackened1 his voice grew fainter1 he turned his head on one side1 and dropped into a deep1 calm sleep4 ,duty took me elsewhere1 but ,i returned in a few hours4 ,as ,i stole up to the bedside the patient was awake and looked brighter and better than before4 ,it was the blazing of the wick before the candle expires4 ,he has had a lucid interval1 whispered the brother1 and was so meek and patient that it made me weep4 ,but he is delirious again--still yearning for that relief4 ,at that instant the sunset flame shooting through a window burnished the sufferer's face until it looked like that of some waxen image with a halo2 by a powerful effort he propped the upper portion of his body on his left elbow1 raised his right arm in salute1 and cried-- ,hurrah6 ,i saw the sunlight on yer bay'nets1 boys4 ,andy wouldn't lave his post4 ,but whisper1 sargent1 ye were much-a-wanted1 much-a-wanted6 ,and with a glad laugh the boy-soldier fell back4 ,there was a thin crimson streak upon the pillow4 ,the relief had1 indeed1 come at last4 ,,john ,,augustus ,o',,shea1 in ,merry ,england4 ,mixed ,marriages4 ,marriage is so intimate a union between man and wife that the hearts of both should ever beat in full and unalloyed sympathy and accord4 ,above all1 the religious convictions of both ought to be in perfect harmony4 ,if there is not in the family a common faith and a common form of divine worship1 the consequences are disastrous to home comfort1 to religious training1 and to faith itself4 ,show me a family that forms an exception1 and you either show a strengthening of the rule1 or you show a family that is happy only in appearance4 ,for1 even then you will find that the ,catholic party has to do a thousand things unknown to the other1 and to beg of the children to keep matters secret4 ,there is woe following the telling of the secret4 ,suffice it to know that the wisdom of the ,catholic ,church is opposed to these unions2 that if the ,catholic party die1 the children1 as a rule1 are lost2 and that even in the best cases religious indifference is the ordinary consequence4 ,how often do we meet such an instance as this1 nor shall ,i overdraw it4 ,a young ,catholic lady tells her confessor that she intends to marry a ,protestant young man4 ,the confessor remonstrates4 ,it is useless4 ,her mind is made up on the matter4 ,he is a good young man1 with no prejudice against her faith1 and is satisfied to be married by the priest4 ,very well2 they get married2 and six months afterward the bell is rung at the priest's door4 ,a thickly veiled female comes in1 and she has a sad story to tell4 ,she has been abused1 called names in which her religion was not complimented2 and1 oh1 worst of all1 this very day he has thrust her out of doors4 ,yes2 called ,papist and thrown down the stoop by the splendid young man on whose arm she hung so proudly in the heyday of her foolish fascination6 ,some of our young ladies may be educated a little too high for our average young man4 ,and too many of them look down on honest labor--on the young mechanic or tradesman--and cast their eyes on some banker's clerk or broker's accountant1 who1 with ten or twelve dollars a week1 studies the manners of the millionnaire1 frequents the opera1 and may not be above forging his employers' name4 ,better to cast her lot with the honest young ,catholic tradesman1 who attends to his religious duties1 is temperate and steady1 forgetting altogether that he neither dresses like a fop nor poses like a ,chesterfield4 ,if the man be the ,catholic1 the case is worse4 ,the mother has most influence with the children4 ,the father worries1 drinks1 loses his position1 and perhaps dies a victim of intemperate habits4 ,farewell1 ,my ,home4 ,though sunshine dances merrily ,on wave and stream and trembling leaf1 ,though wild birds wake their minstrelsy1 ,my heart is full of grief4 ,no sunshine there2 'tis sad and lone2 ,no echo to the wild bird's lay2 ,one only thought--the dear hearth-stone ,i loved is quenched to-day4 ,my heart will break2 ,i cannot bear ,to part with scenes so loved1 so blest4 ,my heart will break2 ,i cannot tear ,me from this home of rest4 ,yet1 though ,i say farewell1 my home1 ',tis but the lips that speak their part2 ,believe1 wherever ,i may roam1 ,i leave with thee my heart4 ,broken1 yet clinging still to thee1 ,my home1 as to a mother's breast2 ,broken1 yet loving tenderly ,my home1 my heart's first rest4 ,farewell1 my home1 farewell1 farewell2 ,one last1 one lingering look ,i take ,on each dear scene of hill and dell1 ,of mountain bold and silver lake4 ,farewell1 ,i leave my bleeding heart ,within thy loved retreats to roam2 ,farewell1 farewell1 too soon we part2 ,my home1 my childhood's home4 ,ballycastle1 ,co4 ,antrim1 ,ireland4 ,,ulidia 99 99 99 99 99 ,,arbitration4--,the question of arbitration received quite an impetus at ,braddock1 ,penn41 by the selection of ,rev4 ,father ,hickey1 the well-known pastor of ,st4 ,thomas' church1 at that place1 as an arbitrator4 ,the ,bessemer ,steel ,works1 an institution employing six thousand men1 was shut down on account of the strike4 ,father ,hickey was selected by both parties1 and succeeded in satisfactorily settling the difficulties4 ,the ,ten-,commandment ,theory4 ,sir ,wilfred ,lawson1 writing to the ,pall ,mall ,gazette 7a ,london paper71 says3--,in a recent article on ,home ,rule1 you declared3 ',we are all for ,home ,rule plus the ,ten ,commandments4 ,but if the ,irish seek ,home ,rule expressly to violate the ,ten ,commandments with impunity1 then they shall not have ,home ,rule1 let them demand it ever so loudly4' ,i have my doubts whether it is possible to 'violate the ,ten ,commandments with impunity1' but we will not stop to argue that point4 ,but what ,i want to know is1 how far you intend to carry this ',ten-,commandment' theory8 ,is it applicable to all nations or only to the ,irish8 ,if the former1 how shall we stand in ,england8 ,the ,ten ,commandments forbid among other things1 murder1 stealing and coveting our neighbors' possessions4 ,do we reverence the command1 ',thou shalt do no murder8' ,let the thousands of ,zulus1 ,afghans1 ,egyptians and ,arabs whom we have slaughtered during the last few years give dumb evidence on that point4 ,the slaughter of these unfortunate men1 whose crime is that they are worse armed than we are1 is duly hailed with public acclamation and with ecclesiastical thanksgiving6 ,stealing is equally popular4 ,at this very moment the press gushes with rapturous delight because ,lord ,dufferin has succeeded in stealing the territory of the ,burmese4 ,as to lying1 ,i need say nothing1 as we are all fresh from the general election4 ,the ,irish will be very ingenuous if they can contrive to violate the ,ten ,commandments more successfully than we do in very many of our public proceedings4 ,the crimes for which we are responsible are1 however1 mainly committed against feeble foes who have no means of stating their case to the world4 ,but the violation of the ,eighth ,commandment1 which is what you really fear will be endorsed in ,ireland1 will be committed against the body of ,irish landlords1 who1 up to a recent period1 have had their own way in that country4 ,the fear is that the tenants will steal the property of the landlords4 ,in former times the landlords have stolen the property of the tenants4 ,in either case stealing is most deplorable1 but ,i do not know whether1 in a moral point of view1 the latter is worse than the former4 ,honest men must hope that both may be put a stop to4 ,sir1 ,i hold by the ,ten ,commandments1 and ,i heartily wish that all nations and all individuals would pay them practical deference4 ,all that ,i maintain at present is1 that the fear that the ,irish may1 on one point1 adopt a different course is not enough to justify us in refusing them the benefit of self-government4 ,if we are to wait until we have guarantees for the observance of the ,ten ,commandments before we grant political rights to nations1 we shall have1 ,i fear1 to wait until doomsday1 or1 at the very least1 until the millennium is upon us4 ,however1 the position taken up in your article may be the right one2 but even in that case we shall speak to our ,irish brethren with much more effect if we can show that we ourselves are observing the precepts which we are so anxious to enforce upon them4 ,bay ,state ,faugh-a-,ballaghs4 ,,iv4 ,in the last number of the ,,magazine we left the patriotic ,irishmen of the ,twenty-,eighth ,regiment in their ,camp ,cameron1 at ,cambridge1 dreaming of the heroic deeds of their race on foreign fields2 of the proud chronicles of the valor of the ,european ,irish ,brigade at ,fontenoy and ,ramillies that illumine the pages of ,french history2 of the saving of ,cremona by the ,irish regiments under ,count ,dillon and ,col4 ,burke2 of ,lord ,clare's dragoons at ,blenheim1 which1 although victorious to the arms of ,john ,churchill 7great ,marlborough71 and his ,teutonic allies the defeat of ,marchal ,tallard1 commanding the ,french and ,bavarians1 was relieved of some of its ignominy by the capture of two standards from the ,british by these dashing ,irish troopers2 of the fields of ,staffardo under the exiled ,lord ,mount ,cashel1 and many other inspiring military achievements and successes of these ,irishmen who vowed by ,erin's ,sunburst3 ,that never6 ,no6 never6 while ,god gave them life ,and they had an arm and a sword for the strife1 ,that never6 ,no6 never6 that banner should yield ,as long as the heart of a ,celt was its shield2 ,while the hand of a ,celt had a weapon to wield1 ,and his last drop of blood was unshed on the field4 ,the ,twenty-,eighth ,regiment was formally mustered into the ,united ,states service ,december #acth1 #ahfa1 with ,col4 ,william ,monteith commanding4 ,col4 ,murphy1 it seems1 only assisted in the recruiting of the regiment4 ,christmas ,day found the command not yet ordered forward1 still at duty in the ,cambridge camp4 ,the day was duly honored with religious services and social interchanges4 ,the boys were provided by loving friends with the wherewithal to make merry and to toast the sweethearts not yet made exactly of the class of ,the girl ,i left behind me1 although in the expression of the conviviality of the hour that and kindred airs were jovially rendered by the rollicking blades who were bound to make the great festival as merry as possible4 ,in the privates as well as the officers' quarters during the evening1 innocent revels were made up of feasting1 the witty jest and repartee1 playful jokes1 songs and stories until taps reminded all through the orders of the officer of the day1 that the night of ,christmas ,day had a new significance for these ,irish volunteers4 ,before another return of it1 how many of these fine fellows were food for powder and worms4 ,a touching and very natural little incident in one of the tents will not only illustrate the genuineness of the soldier's heart1 but also may be set down as a sample of the kindred feelings of many comrades who shouldered a musket for the preservation of the country4 ,when the lights were put out as ordered by the taps patrolling guard1 a fine young fellow1 who had during the evening been merriest of the merry1 was seated near the opening of the tent1 bowed down in thought1 while the fitful flickering of the expiring camp-fire shone through the handsome1 glossy hair that drooped over his temples4 ,his suppressed sighs brought an older and much attached comrade to him1 who1 putting his arms kindly around the youth's manly shoulders said1 in lowered tones3 ,arrah1 ,jim1 ma bouchal1 what's the matter with you1 at all1 at all8 ,has all the fun gone out of you8 ,no1 no1 friend ,tim6 ,but this night last year ,i was with my poor old mother4 ,i'm all that's left to her now1 and when she hears ,i am in the war1 her poor heart will break1 and if it is ever my luck to return to ,ireland it will1 ,i'm afraid1 be to visit her grave in ,kilmurry church-yard4 ,oh1 the wirrasthru1 and that's the pity av it1 ,jim4 ,but don't you be thinking of these things and be sad1 or faix's1 you'll make a fool of a soldier of me with thinking of my sweet ,kitty and the two childer4 ,they'll be safe1 at any rate for awhile1 until we can put in a few good blows for the glorious country that has given us freedom and a home4 ,jim1 me boy1 our enemy1 ,england1 is at the bottom of this bad business4 ,you know the ould song1 ',she comes to divide1 to dishonor2' but a tyrant she'll never reign here while we have a hand to lift and--7,tim just then kindly slapping his chum on the back7 a heart to dare her6--and-- ,the fervor of ,tim aroused comrades in the tent1 who gave signs of approval4 ,and1 perhaps when we have finished this business1 as ,secretary ,seward says1 in three months we'll have a nice training to go across the ocean with our arms1 and wollop ,john ,bull out of the dear old land4 ,good boy1 ,tim6 good boy2 were the tokens of approval that came vociferously from all parts of the tent1 while at the same time the double quick tread of the patrol guard1 preceded by the flash of the corporal's lantern was hastily bearing down on the devoted quarters to stop this untimely ebullition of patriotic fervor1 and noticing which ,bill and ,tim grasped hands fervently1 but hastily1 in approval of the sentiments of the latter4 ,when the corporal looked into the tent the dozen soldiers it contained were all rolled up snugly in their blankets and sound asleep1 apparently4 ',twas to the noise1 not to the patriotism to which the corporal objected1 fearing censure or worse from his superiors4 ,had he been off duty1 no man likely would have more heartily re-echoed ,tim ,h----'s patriotic expressions4 ,days and weeks passed4 ,in the meantime the officers and men1 through military routine1 were perfecting themselves2 but for heavier work than was anticipated4 ,at last the call came1 and amid heart-breaking farewells from wives1 sweethearts and children1 and the cheers of the throngs assembled to bid the gallant fellows good-by1 the ,twenty-,eighth ,regiment left ,boston1 ,january #aa1 #ahfb1 and went to ,fort ,columbus1 ,new ,york harbor1 from which place on ,february #ad1 it was sent to ,hilton ,head1 ,south ,carolina4 ,the regiment was at a place called ,darofusky ,island when ,col4 ,monteith was ordered off with the right wing to duty1 on ,tybee ,island1 ,georgia4 ,it was here that ,col4 ,monteith did his last service with the ,twenty-,eighth4 ,the whole command was subsequently transferred to ,james ,island1 at which place in an attack on ,fort ,johnson1 the regiment lost fourteen killed and fifty-two wounded4 ,gen4 ,benham1 ,u4 ,s4 ,a41 paid a high compliment to the command for the handsome manner in which they joined in the assault on the fort ,june #af4 ,on ,july #bj1 the regiment was assigned to ,gen4 ,burnside's ,ninth ,corps1 and after being a while at ,newport ,news1 ,virginia1 landed at ,aquia ,creek1 on the ,potomac ,river1 ,august #fth1 to participate in the campaign of ,gen4 ,john ,pope1 headquarters in the saddle1 on the line of the ,rappahannock1 and which terminated so disastrously to our arms at the second ,bull ,run battle4 ,major ,geo4 ,w4 ,cartwright commanded the regiment in this severe engagement and was wounded4 ,eighteen men were killed and one hundred and nine wounded1 with eight missing4 ,this was ,august #cjth4 ,on ,september #ast at ,chantilly1 memorable by the death of that daring soldier1 ,gen4 ,phil ,kearney1 the ,faugh-a-,ballaghs lost fifteen killed1 with eighty-four wounded1 and casualties4 ,we find the regiment under heavy fire at ,south ,mountain1 and at ,antietam's great battle1 it crossed the creek at the stone bridge1 charged the enemy's right1 located in a most advantageous position1 and drove them1 sustaining a loss of twelve killed and thirty-six wounded4 ,about one month after this1 ,col4 ,richard ,byrnes1#a on ,october #ah1 assumed command of the ,twenty-,eighth at ,nolan's ,ferry1 and on the #bc;d of ,november1 it was transferred to the ,second ,corps and assigned to ,meagher's ,irish ,brigade1 which was in the division commanded by that much lamented and knightly soldier1 ,winfield ,scott ,hancock4 ,at the close of the year #ahfb1 some two weeks after fateful ,fredericksburg1 the reckoning showed that the ,faugh-a-,ballaghs lost five hundred and twenty in killed1 wounded and missing4 ,the second ,christmas ,day for the boys of the ,twenty-,eighth brought many sad reminders4 ,poor ,kitty ,h---- and her babies had to mourn the loss of her brave ,tim1 the ,irish patriot of ,camp ,cameron1 and the poor heart-broken mother of his young chum drooped and pined in ,ireland for the son who was the solace of her hope and heart4 ,she had the premonition of his death1 at the battle of ,chantilly1 so weirdly given in ,gerald ,griffin's wake4 ,she saw the blood-red cloud in the west far out on the ,atlantic's tide and while-- ,her door flings wide1 loud moans the gale2 ,wild fear her bosom fills2 ,it is1 it is the ,banshee's wail ,over the darkened hills6 ,ululah6 ,ululah6 ,a youth to ,kiffiehera's taken ,that never will return again4 ,the ,christmas of #ahfb in the camps of the ,union ,army on the left bank of the ,rappahannock1 confronting ,fredericksburg1 was rather wanting in good cheer1 although so near the ,potomac1 and it was only until ,gen4 ,hooker superseded ,burnside in command of the ,army of the ,potomac1 that rations of potatoes could be had to serve out to the half-famished troops4 ,what a delightful supplement to a soldier's mess is even one good potato and a piece of onion1 when for weeks his only change has been from hard tack with fat pork to pork 7fat7 and hard tack6 ,the regiment performed the usual duties of beleaguers when ,st4 ,patrick's ,day got round to them in the camps of the ,irish brigade at ,falmouth1 ,va4 ,if not very active participants with their ,new ,york fellow soldiers in the sports of the steeple chase1 race-course1 and other parts of the programme1 yet the boys of the ,twenty-,eighth could not have failed to enjoy with enthusiasm the hilarity and frolics of that occasion4 ,at least ten thousand had assembled from the camps cantoned in winter quarters for miles between the ,potomac and along the ,rappahannock ,rivers4 ,the grand stand contained the commander-in-chief and other distinguished generals and officers1 and a number of ladies4 ,besides ,hooker1 the commander1 there were conspicuously present ,generals ,slocum1 ,hancock1 ,charles ,griffin1 ,sedgwick1 ,franklin and others4 ,together with the races of the thoroughbreds1 there were also long prize lists1 programmes of amusements1 such as catching a soaped pig1 and competing for money1 and mastery at dancing ,irish jigs1 reels and hornpipes4 ,an idea may be had of the provision made for the entertainment of the invited guests from the following summary of the bill of fare which the quartermaster of the brigade brought with him from ,washington for the occasion3 ,the side of an ox roasted1 thirty-five hams1 a whole pig stuffed with boiled turkeys1 and an unlimited number of chickens1 ducks and small game4 ,the drinking materials comprised eight baskets of champagne1 ten gallons of rum and twenty-two of whiskey4 ,thus sayeth the record4 ,all of this was served inside a beautiful bower capable of containing several hundred persons4 ,the festivities were duly preceded with the religious ceremonies of the great holyday of ,st4 ,patrick's feast1 and closed by a grand entertainment at night1 which included theatricals1 recitations and olios of song and sentiment4 ,it is needless to add that the visiting generals1 whose duties admitted of their remaining1 entered into the humor of the hour1 and toasts went freely round1 intermingled with flowing bumpers and loving glances at the fair visitors1 who graced the occasion by their presence4 ,we afterwards trace the heroic work of our ,massachusetts ,faugh-a-,ballaghs in their valiant services at ,chancellorsville2 at famed ,gettysburg1 where the regiment lost nearly one-half its force in killed and casualties2 at ,mine ,run1 the ,wilderness1 ,po ,river1 ,spottsylvania1 ,cold ,harbor1 ,petersburg1 ,deep ,bottom1 and at ,reams' ,station1 the latter part of ,august1 #ahfd4 ,the offices and men whose term did not expire with that of their regiment in ,december1 #ahfd1 were consolidated into a battalion under the command of ,major ,james ,fleming 7of ,north ,end1 ,boston71 and at the close of hostilities were mustered out with the remnant of the ,irish brigade4 ,the originals were ordered to ,boston1 ,december #bj1 to be mustered out1 and numbered only twenty-one enlisted men and one officer1 ,col4 ,cartwright4 ,no better close can be made to this article than to quote from ,conyngham's ,concise ,history1 printed in #ahfg1 the record of this famous ,irish-,american regiment3-- ,the aggregate number joined for duty since the organization was about #a1gjc2 the list of killed and casualties numbered #a1acc1 a fearfully heavy proportion4 ,during the ,wilderness campaign1 but one officer escaped unhurt in the fearful havoc4 ,who shall say1 in view of this record of the devotion of ,irishmen to the cause of freedom in this their adopted country1 that they are not entitled to the sympathy1 aid and support of this nation1 in the endeavor to free their own beloved1 down-trodden land8 ,america should never forget it4 ,,student4 ,,footnote3 #a ,the scope of this article does not admit of much extension on account of the great demand on the space of the ,,magazine1 but inasmuch as ,col4 ,byrnes was the most conspicuous officer of any who had to do with this gallant regiment1 a few words concerning his personal career must seem appropriate4 ,richard ,byrnes had served fifteen years in the regular army1 reaching the commission of first lieutenant in the cavalry1 when he was appointed to the command of the ,twenty-,eighth ,massachusetts ,volunteers4 ,he was assigned to it by orders in ,october1 #ahfb4 ,he perfected its discipline with soldierly skill1 led it in battle with the valor of a true ,irish-,american hero1 and commanded the respect and admiration of his troops4 ,while in command of the ,irish brigade at the battle of ,cold ,harbor1 ,june #c1 #ahfd1 he was mortally wounded and died at ,washington1 ,june #ab4 ,his wife soothed his dying moments4 ,he was interred with due military honors in a cemetery near his home in ,jersey ,city4 ,the likeness of ,col4 ,byrnes1 published in the ,march number of this ,,magazine1 is pronounced a most excellent one4 ,the copy was procured from ,col4 ,jeremiah ,w4 ,coveney1 of ,cambridge1 who served with distinction and honor in the ,faugh-a-,ballaghs with the regular army hero4 ,drunkenness in ,old ,times4 ,the offence of drunkenness was a source of great perplexity to the ancients1 who tried every possible way of dealing with it4 ,if none succeeded1 it was probably because they did not begin early enough by intercepting some of the ways and means by which the insidious vice is incited and propagated4 ,severe treatment was often tried to little effect4 ,the ,locrians1 under ,zaleucus1 made it a capital offence to drink wine if it was not mixed with water2 even an invalid was not exempted from punishment1 unless by the order of a physician4 ,pittacus1 of ,mitylene1 made a law that he who when drunk1 committed any offence1 would suffer double the punishment which he would do if sober2 and ,plato1 ,aristotle and ,plutarch applauded this as the height of wisdom4 ,the ,roman censors could expel a ,senator for being drunk and take away his horse2 ,mahomet ordered drunkards to be bastinadoed with eighty blows4 ,other nations thought of limiting the quantity to be drunk at one time or at one sitting4 ,the ,egyptians put some limit1 though what is not stated4 ,the ,spartans1 also had some limit4 ,the ,arabians fixed the quantity at twelve glasses a man2 but the size of the glass was1 unfortunately1 not clearly defined by the historians4 ,the ,anglo-,saxons went no further than to order silver nails to be fixed on the side of the drinking cups1 so that each might know the proper measure4 ,and it is said that this was done by ,king ,edgar after noticing the drunken habits of the ,danes4 ,lycurgus1 of ,thrace1 went to the root of the matter by ordering the vines to be cut down4 ,his conduct was imitated in #gjd by ,terbulus of ,bulgaria4 ,the ,suevi prohibited wine to be imported4 ,and the ,spartans tried to turn the vice into contempt by systematically making their slaves drunk once a year to show their children how foolish and contemptible men looked in that state4 ,drunkenness was deemed much more vicious in some classes of persons than in others4 ,the ancient ,indians held it lawful to kill a king when he was drunk4 ,the ,athenians made it a capital offence for a magistrate to be drunk1 and ,charlemagne imitated this by a law that judges on the bench and pleaders should do their business fasting4 ,the ,carthagenians prohibited magistrates1 governors1 soldiers and servants1 from any drinking4 ,the ,scots1 in the second century1 made it a capital offence for magistrates to be drunk3 and ,constantine ,,ii4 of ,scotland1 #agfa1 extended a like punishment to young people4 ,again1 some laws have absolutely prohibited wine from being drunk by women2 the ,massillians so decreed4 ,the ,romans did the same1 and extended the prohibition to young men under thirty4 ,and the husband and the wife's relations could scourge the wife for offending1 and the husband himself might scourge her to death4 ,the ,paschal ,candle4 ,from the ,french of ,rev4 ,michael ,romanet1 ,augustinian1 by ,th4 ,xr4 ,k4 ,from ,septuagesima to ,holy ,saturday1 everything in the liturgy breathes a profound sadness4 ,during those seventy days1 like the captives of ,babylon1 the sacred spouse clad in mourning garments1 no longer sings her glad canticles2 she1 too1 has hung her harp on the willows beside the brook4 ,the song of the angels is heard no more at ,mass except on the festivals of the saints1 instead of that loud cry of gladness1 the divine ,alleluia1 there is naught but a severe and dragging melody2 and1 on ,sunday1 the night office loses its magnificent ,ambrosian hymn4 ,the closer the day of her spouse's death approaches1 the deeper the ,church is plunged in grief4 ,on ,good ,friday1 violet does not suffice for her moaning3 she covers herself with vestments of black4 ,but1 behold1 suddenly1 on ,saturday morning1 while the ,christ is still in the tomb1 she seems to forget her mourning4 ,the aspect of grief of the eve is gone4 ,see the deacon after the blessing of the new fire4 ,he comes forward1 wearing the white dalmatic1 the garb of joy1 with a triangular candle in his hand1 the image of the ,trinity1 and sings three times1 ,lumen ,christi--a triple proclamation of the divinity of the ,father1 the ,son1 and the ,holy ,ghost4 ,he then goes towards the ,paschal ,candle4 ,why1 then1 these emblems of joy in presence of this torch8 ,what are the memories it brings to the heart of the ,spouse thus to make gladness take the place of grief8 ,let us ask the author of the blessing of the ,paschal ,candle1 ,st4 ,ambrose1 for the explanation of this mysterious symbol4 ,let us question1 too1 the faith of the ,middle ,ages4 ,let us listen to the symbolic language so familiar to our fathers1 and with which we are so little acquainted4 ,perhaps1 even1 we have sometimes surprised a smile on our lips at the sight of that candle1 and of certain other exterior practices of worship1 whose significance we did not understand2 for1 in our days1 how great1 generally1 is the ignorance of the faithful in the matter of liturgy and symbolism4 ,now1 we see how magnificent is the meaning of that ceremony of the blessing of the ,paschal ,candle which was extended by ,st4 ,zozimus in the middle of the fifth century to the other churches of the city of ,rome1 although baptism was conferred only at the baptistery of ,lutran1 and later on by other popes to all the churches1 even to those which have no baptismal fonts3 so holy and salutary did the sovereign pontiffs consider the impressions which this great rite should produce4 ,in this candle1 superior in weight and in size to the candles which are generally lighted on other solemnities1 in this unique candle1 the princes of liturgy show us the image of ,jesus ,christ1 a precious symbol which is impressed on it by the virtue of the blessing4 ,this blessing is reserved for the deacon4 ,to him belongs this prerogative when the priest1 and even when the bishop is present4 ,this is because the deacon represents on this occasion the holy women1 who1 notwithstanding the inferiority of their sex1 were commissioned by the ,saviour to announce ,his resurrection to ,his ,apostles1 and that1 by a disposition of ,providence1 woman1 in the first days of the world1 sent by the demon to man1 brought him death2 woman was to be sent by the risen ,christ to man to proclaim life to him4 ,the ,apostles were still in tears1 when1 in transports of gladness1 ,mary ,magdalene and her companions announced to them the mystery of the resurrection4 ,the priest and the bishop1 too1 still wear the color of mourning1 when1 clothed in white1 the deacon freely and loudly chants the beautiful prayers of the blessing1 and is thus the herald of the resurrection's joys4 ,in consequence of the deacon's blessing1 the candle then becomes the symbol of ,christ4 ,before it is lighted1 says ,dom ,gueranger1 summing up on this point the interpretations of the olden liturgists1 its type is in the pillar of cloud which covered the departure of the ,hebrews as they went forth from ,egypt2 under this first form1 it is a figure of ,christ in the tomb1 inanimate1 lifeless4 ,when it will have received the flame1 we shall see in it the pillar of fire which gave light to the holy people's feet1 and also the figure of ,christ1 all radiant with the splendors of ,his resurrection4 ,this majestic symbolism is demonstrated by the prayers of the blessing4 ,and first those cries of gladness1 those outbursts of joy1 and that lavishness of praise on the part of the deacon1 as he stands before that waxen pillar1 we now understand1 knowing that ,he whom the candle represents1 the ,divine ,light1 is the one to whom they are addressed4 ,the deacon begins with a lyric exordium4 ,let those who understand ,latin read in the text itself that magnificent prayer of the ,exultet2 the translation cannot entirely reproduce its beauties3 ,let now the heavenly troop of angels rejoice2 let the divine mysteries be joyfully celebrated1 and let the sacred trumpet proclaim the victory of so great a king4 ,let the earth rejoice1 illumined with such resplendent rays1 and let the whole world feel that the darkness is driven from it by the splendor of the ,eternal ,king4 ,let the church1 our mother1 also rejoice1 being adorned by the rays of so great a light1 and let this temple resound with the joyful acclamations of the people4 ,wherefore1 most beloved brethren1 who are now present at the admirable brightness of this holy light1 ,i beseech you to invoke with me the mercy of the ,almighty ,god4 ,that ,he1 who hath been pleased without merit of mine1 to admit me into the number of the ,levites will1 by an infusion of ,his light upon me enable me to celebrate worthily the praise of this taper4 ,no1 this candle would not merit as much praise if it did not represent the ,christ4 ,the ,son alone1 with the ,father and the ,holy ,ghost1 is deserving of praise4 ,it is truly meet and just to proclaim with all the affections of our heart and soul1 and with the sound of our voice1 the invisible ,god the ,father ,almighty1 and ,his only-begotten ,son1 our ,lord ,jesus ,christ1 who paid for us to ,his eternal ,father the debt of ,adam1 and by ,his own blood cancelled the guilt contracted by original sin4 ,as though to give a reason for his songs of glory1 the deacon hastens to proclaim aloud the coming of ,easter3 ,for this is the ,paschal solemnity in which the true ,lamb is slain1 by whose blood the doors of the faithful are consecrated4 ,the ,hebrews celebrated the ancient ,pasch at night4 ,standing1 with loins girded and staves in their hands1 they awaited the passing of the ,lord4 ,this expectation at night the faithful renew on ,holy ,saturday4 ,st4 ,jerome tells us in fact that it was an ,apostolic custom maintained by the ,christians of his day to remain united in prayer until midnight1 awaiting the coming of ,christ4 ,but another mystery is included in that night1 and1 in its mute language1 the candle unites with the deacon in reminding us that in the ,old ,testament there was another night and another pillar4 ,the ,lord1 it is said in ,exodus1 went before the sons of ,israel1 when they went forth from ,egypt1 by day in a pillar of cloud1 to show them the way1 and during the night in a pillar of fire1 to be their guide both day and night4 ,now1 this pillar of cloud like the pillar of wax still unlighted1 is the humanity of ,christ1 the cloud in which ,divine wisdom has placed its throne3 thronus meus in columna nubis 7,eccl4 xxiv474 ,but this candle will soon be lighted by contact with the new fire1 as the humanity of ,jesus ,christ will recover life by the approach of the fire of the ,divinity4 ,then1 indeed1 is this a night of exultation for the ,church when she sees coming to her1 triumphant over death1 the ,divine ,spouse whom she bewailed but recently1 buried in the darkness of the tomb4 ,so with what complacency does not the deacon celebrate this thousand-fold happy night4 ,he hails it as the dawn of the glorious mystery of the ,resurrection3 ,this is the night in which ,thou formerly broughtest forth our forefathers1 the children of ,israel1 out of ,egypt1 leading them dry-foot through the ,red ,sea4 ,this1 then1 is the night which dissipated the darkness of sin by the light of the pillar4 ,this is the night which now delivers all over the world those that believe in ,christ from the vices of the world and the darkness of sin1 restores them to grace1 and clothes them with sanctity4 ,this is the night in which ,christ broke the chains of death1 and ascended conqueror from hell4 ,naught would it have profited us to be born1 if we were not redeemed4 ,o how admirable is ,thy goodness towards us6 ,o how inestimable is ,thy excess of love6 ,to redeem the slave1 ,thou hast given up the ,son4 ,o truly necessary sin of ,adam1 which the death of ,christ has blotted out6 ,o happy fault that merited such and so great a ,redeemer6 ,o truly blessed night6 which alone deserved to know the time and hour when ,christ rose again from hell4 ,this is the night of which it is written3 ,and the night shall be as light as day2 and the night shineth upon me in my pleasures4 ,therefore the sanctification of this night blots out crimes1 washes away sins1 and restores innocence to the fallen1 and joy to the sorrowful4 ,it banishes enmities1 produces concord1 and humbles empires4 ,the deacon then fixes in the candle1 in the form of a cross1 the five grains of incense which were previously blessed at the same time as the new fire1 a visible image of the five wounds made in the flesh of the ,crucified4 ,liturgists also show us in this incense the perfumes and spices which ,mary ,magdalene1 ,mary1 the mother of ,james1 and ,salome bought to embalm ,jesus 7,st4 ,mark xvi4 #a74 ,receive1 ,o holy ,father1 receive on this night the evening sacrifice which ,thy holy ,church1 by the hands of her ministers1 presents to ,thee1 in this solemn oblation of this wax candle1 made out of the labor of bees4 ,the ,passion was truly the evening sacrifice1 according to ,david's prophetic word1 ,elevatio manuum mearum sacrificium vespertinum 7,ps4 cxl4 #c71 because it was in the evening of the world1 as at the decline of the day1 that the ,divine ,victim expired1 uttering a loud cry to heaven1 after having declared that all was consummated6 ,it was in the evening1 too1 ad auram post meridiem 7,gen4 iii4 #h71 at the hour when a gentle wind arises1 when through the earthly paradise resounded the voice of the ,lord3 ,adam1 where art thou8 ,at the very hour when ,he found ,adam guilty of disobedience1 four thousand years afterwards the ,father called ,his ,son to ,him and found the new ,adam obedient1 and obedient even to the death of the cross4 ,sed jam nunc columnae hujus praeconia novimus1 the deacon continues to sing4 ,and now we know the excellence of this pillar1 which the sparkling fire lights for the honor of ,god4 ,the sacred minister then lights the ,paschal ,candle4 ,he lights it with the fire which was recently struck from the stone1 that is1 from ,christ1 the ,corner-,stone who1 beaten by the rods of the scourging1 produced in us the divine spark of love pre-eminent of the ,holy ,ghost4 ,this is the fire which the ,son came to bring upon the earth with the desire to see it enkindle the world4 ,lighted and fed by the wood of the cross1 its divine flame is fanned by the breath of the ,holy ,ghost4 ,this new fire is also the new doctrine of the ,saviour1 the mandatum novum of which ,st4 ,john speaks4 ,the candle thus lighted is thenceforth the figure of the risen ,saviour1 as we have said4 ,the humanity of ,christ lay1 too1 extinguished in the shades of death2 but1 behold1 beneath the burning breath of the divinity1 it has suddenly recovered life1 and ,jesus emerges from the night of the tomb all resplendent with light4 ,the image of the ,son is now revealed to us more completely in the symbolism of the candle4 ,according to the interpretations of the liturgists1 the three elements of the candle are not without meaning4 ,the wax formed from the juice of the flowers by the bees1 which antiquity always regarded as the type of virginity1 signifies the virginal flesh of the ,incarnate ,word4 ,mary1 without ceasing to be a virgin1 ,mary1 the industrious bee1 says the ,abbot ,rupert1 has brought us forth a ,god in the flesh1 like honey in wax3 ,maria nobis puerum in carne quasi mel in cera protulit4#b ,st4 ,anselm teaches us to behold in the wick1 which is in the inside of the candle1 the soul of ,jesus ,christ1 and ,his ,divinity in the light which burns in the upper portion4 ,if the candle is the image of the ,word made flesh1 it was with reason that on it was inscribed the current year counting from the ,incarnation4 ,this inscription1 of which the ancient liturgists tell1 indicates that ,christ is like the ancient year1 the great year1 the year full of days1 of which the twelve apostles are the months2 the elect1 the days2 and the neophytes1 the hours4 ,we see in the ,abbot ,rupert that this inscription was engraved in the wax itself in the form of a cross1 and ,durand of ,mende speaks of a tablet which was fastened against the candle as ,pilate's inscription was placed on the cross3 ,jesus ,nazarenus ,rex ,judaeorum4 ,the ,paschal ,candle will serve to light the neophytes to the holy waters of baptism1 as the pillar of fire guided the ,hebrews on their going-forth from ,egypt through the waters of the ,red ,sea to the ,promised ,land2 a twofold light1 which is for us the emblem of that light which enlighteneth every man coming into this world1 of ,him who is the way1 the truth1 and the life1 and who1 after having delivered them from the bondage of ,satan1 after having led them through the waters of baptism1 guides ,his people to the land of the living1 the true ,promised ,land4 ,an ancient author remarks that it was not at the first or at the second stopping-place of the ,hebrews1 but at the third1 that the pillar went before them1 and he applies this triple encampment of ,ramatha1 ,segor1 and ,ethan to the three days of the ,passion1 the sepulture1 and the resurrection4 ,ramatha 7commotio tineae7 well represents the day of the ,passion1 when the ,jews1 after having torn the flesh of ,jesus1 like the moth1 attack ,his garments1 ,his seamless tunic1 endeavoring to rend the unity of the ,church4 ,but death was the road by which ,he passed from ,ramatha to ,segor 7tabernaculum71 that is1 into the tent of the tomb4 ,the tent is for the soldier3 like an indomitable warrior1 ,christ in the tomb despoils ,his vanquished foe4 ,finally1 the day of the resurrection was the day of arrival in ,ethan 7firmum vel signa ejus71 because1 thenceforth1 death has no sting for ,him1 mors ultra non dominabitur illi1 and also because it was as a sign for the ,apostles when ,he appeared to them radiant after the night of the tomb1 illumining them like the pillar of fire4 ,but let us return to the deacon's prayers4 ,he thus continues the chant which he had broken off to light the candle3-- ,this fire1 though now divided1 suffers no loss from the communication of its light1 because it is fed by the melted wax1 produced by the bee1 to make this precious taper4 ,then the lamps hanging in the church are lighted4 ,this lighting takes place only some time after that of the ,paschal ,candle1 because the knowledge of the resurrection was diffused only successively4 ,finally1 the deacon concludes the blessing in these words3 ,o truly blessed light6 which plundered the ,egyptians and enriched the ,hebrews4 ,a night in which heaven is united to earth1 and the ,divine to the human6 ,we beseech ,thee1 therefore1 ,o ,lord1 let this candle1 consecrated to the honor of ,thy name1 continue burning to dissipate the darkness of this night1 and1 being accepted as a sweet odor1 be united with the celestial lights4 ,let the morning-star find it burning4 ,that ,morning-star1 ,i mean1 which never sets2 which1 being returned from hell1 shone with brightness on mankind4 ,by the mouth of the deacon1 therefore1 the ,church praises in the ,paschal ,candle the ,christ-light4 ,borne before the catechumens1 this candle denotes that it is by ,christ ,jesus their darkness is dispelled4 ,so1 too1 it is from the divine torch of ,his doctrine that we all must get light4 ,we are invited to it by that other ceremony in use in certain churches1 according to the testimony of many ancient liturgists4 ,durand of ,mende and the ,abbot ,rupert tell us that a second candle was lighted from the ,paschal ,candle1 and from it all the others were lighted4 ,christ is the light above all others2 but ,he projects ,his rays upon the ,apostles to reflect from them upon the whole ,church4 ,st4 ,augustine tells us of that twofold lighting of the ,church by ,christ and the ,apostles when he explains to ,januarius why the faithful should receive communion fasting1 although the ,apostles received after the ,last ,supper or evening meal3 ,namque ,salvator1 quo vehementius commendarit mysterii illius altitudinem1 ultimum hoc infigeri voluit cordibus et memoriae discipulorum a quibus ad passionem digressurus erat2 et ideo non praecipit quo deinceps ordine sumeretur1 ut apostoli per quos ecclesias dispositurus erat servarent hunc locum4 ,the ,saviour1 the more to fill the minds and hearts of ,his disciples with the greatness of this sacrament1 would have it the last act which he was to perform with them before separating from them for ,his ,passion4 ,he ,himself did not arrange the order thenceforth to be followed in the reception of that sacrament4 ,why8 ,in order to leave that question to the ,apostles4 ,hence he calls them the light of the world1 as ,he calls ,himself3 ,ego sum lux mundi4 ,vos estis lux mundi4 ,finally to the right and the left of these two candles were sometimes placed two others lighted from the ,paschal ,candle4 ,let us here admire the saints of the ,old and the ,new ,testament4 ,they all1 in fact1 received the divine irradiations of the ,sun of ,justice1 the former through the doctrine of the ,prophets1 the latter through that of the ,apostles4 ,such is the significance of the blessing of the ,paschal ,candle1 in which the ,church delights to display all the pomp of her inspired language6 ,what a lesson in this ceremony6 a lesson at which some1 perhaps1 will be greatly astonished1 because they do not know that the ceremonies of the liturgy are a continual preaching4 ,jam columnae hujus praeconia novimus1 yes1 we now know what that pillar of wax1 itself the image of the pillar of old1 denotes3 it is ,jesus ,christ1 ,jesus ,christ everywhere4 ,he is the true pillar1 a pillar of cloud when1 through the ,holy ,ghost1 ,he protects us with ,his shadow against the devouring fire of the passions1 and1 at the same time1 a pillar of fire1 because ,his doctrine is the light which enlightens us through the darkness of the light of this world4 ,now1 for the true ,catholic1 ,jesus ,christ lives in the ,roman ,pontiff4 ,our ,holy ,father the ,pope is the depositary of the light of truth4 ,never must we lose sight of that bright beacon2 but above all in the hour of storm1 when only fitful gleams are seen1 it is for every ,catholic a strict duty to turn towards ,him1 under penalty of sinking in the darkness without being able to find the haven4 ,this lesson1 especially in this ,paschal time1 may be applied to all1 although in degrees proportioned to the condition of each4 ,and who has not more or less need of approaching ,god8 ,woe to him who will not have the beneficent shadows and the salutary lights of the ,christ6 he will perish in his infirmity4 ,thinking that he can see far from the light1 he will remain in darkness1 while by drawing nigh to ,him the blind will recover sight4 ,cur non ergo et nobis ,christus columna8 let us say with ,st4 ,augustine1 ,quia et rectus et firmus1 et fulciens infirmitatem nostram per noctem lucens1 et per diem non lucens1 et ut qui non vident videant1 et qui vident caecci fiant6 7,s4 ,aug41 in libro contra ,faustum1 xii47 ,this will be followed by the translation of an article on the ,agnus ,dei1 made from the wax of the ,paschal ,candle4 99 99 99 99 99 ,mgr4 ,ridel1 the holy missionary bishop of ,corea1 lately gone to receive the reward of long privation and cruel sufferings endured for the faith1 was indebted to his pious mother for his vocation as a missionary4 ,one day1 whilst he was yet a mere child playing at her knee1 he saw on the table a beautiful blue book1--a volume of the ,annals of the ,propagation of the ,faith4--,mamma1 said the child1 are there any stories in that book8--,yes1 my child3 it is full of stories about missionaries4--,what are missionaries1 mamma8--,missionaries are priests who go to far-off countries1 amongst savage races1 to teach them how to save their souls4--,then ,i am going to be a missionary1 too1 and tell them how to get to heaven with us4 ,,footnote3 #b ,ruperti abbatis1 ,duitiensis1 de divinis officiis4 7,l4 ,c4 ,,vi41 c4 #bi47 ,our ,new ,cardinal4 ,illustration3 ,,cardinal ,,gibbons4 ,the ,catholic ,review3--,the ,archbishop of ,new ,york1 on ,wednesday morning1 ,february #ajth1 received a cablegram from ,rome1 announcing that most ,rev4 ,james ,gibbons1 ,archbishop of ,baltimore1 would be created ,cardinal at the next ,consistory4 ,the biglietto1 or official letter1 from the ,cardinal ,secretary of ,state announcing the creation of his ,eminence1 was mailed to him on ,february #hth4 ,this cablegram1 although not official1 is authentic4 ,it is not unexpected4 ,it certainly is no surprise to those who were privileged to hear the graceful address in which the senior of the ,american hierarchy1 the venerable ,archbishop ,kenrick1 of ,st4 ,louis1 thanked ,archbishop ,gibbons for the courtesy1 patience and industry with which1 as ,apostolic-,delegate1 he conducted and brought to a close the affairs of the ,plenary ,council at ,baltimore4 ,in chosen and significant words1 such as one in ,archbishop ,kenrick's position might use in anticipating an expected act of the ,supreme ,pontiff1 he predicted the future and increased honors of the ,apostolic-,delegate1 and in such a way as to indicate that they would be most grateful to his brothers and associates4 ,nor are they less a matter of pride and congratulation to the entire body of the faithful4 ,no doubt we are all anxious to see many of the other great cities of ,america honored1 as are smaller and less vigorous dioceses in ,europe2 and with increasing years1 most likely these honors will come4 ,no doubt the captious are sometimes found to say that ,baltimore1 first in years1 is very far behind in works1 in the great race of ,catholic ,american progress4 ,but there has never been found one so unjust as to deny to the gentle1 zealous and apostolic ,archbishop of ,baltimore all the virtues that bring honor to the chief priesthood of the ,church4 ,one little work of his1 ,the ,faith of ,our ,fathers1 will perpetuate his apostolate as long as ,protestantism exists4 ,his has been indeed a democratic promotion4 ,from the humblest and least important of the missionary vicariates of the ,church in ,america1 he has steadily moved onward1 growing with every step in mental1 moral and ecclesiastical grandeur1 until he stood at the head of the episcopate of ,america4 ,his stepping-stone was1 always and only1 his unquestionable merit and services4 ,can any sect show as fair a field for merit as the new ,cardinal's career proves is to be found in the ,church of ,christ8 ,it opens and keeps open to intellect and virtue the path to its highest honors4 ,the transcendent honor of the ,roman ,cardinalate1 which thus comes once more to an ,american ,archbishop1 will be prized by his ,eminence's countrymen of all religious faiths1 as giving them a share in the glories of a ,council that has never been more illustrious than in those days1 when ,leo ,,xiii4 has opened its doors to the first and leading minds of the ,universal ,church1 without consideration of distance1 race or continent4 ,his ,birth1 ,education1 etc4 ,most ,reverend ,james ,gibbons was born in ,baltimore1 in #ahcf4 ,his parents were ,irish1 and1 when a boy1 he was taken to ,ireland1 where he remained several years4 ,at the age of seventeen he returned to ,america1 and soon after entered ,st4 ,charles' ,college1 near ,ellicott ,city1 ,md41 to commence his studies for the priesthood4 ,here he remained four years1 and was then transferred to ,st4 ,mary's ,seminary1 ,baltimore1 to pursue the study of theology and philosophy4 ,he was ordained in #ahfj1 his first mission being the obscure parish of ,st4 ,bridget's1 ,baltimore4 ,archbishop ,spalding soon discovered his merits1 and he transferred him to the ,cathedral and made him his secretary4 ,his rise was rapid and brilliant4 ,in #ahfh he was made ,vicar ,apostolic of ,north ,carolina1 with the rank of bishop1 and in a few years he was elected to the ,see of ,richmond4 ,when ,archbishop ,bayley died1 in #ahge1 ,right ,rev4 ,dr4 ,gibbons was appointed his successor in the ,see of ,baltimore4 ,thus1 at the early age of forty he had attained the highest ecclesiastical position in the ,united ,states1 for ,baltimore is the oldest1 and1 therefore1 the primary ,american ,see4 ,to it belongs the highest dignity in the ,american ,catholic ,church4 ,the archbishops of ,baltimore have always been men of distinguished ability4 ,the immediate predecessor of ,archbishop ,gibbons was ,james ,roosevelt ,bayley1 a member of a prominent ,new ,york family4 ,he was the nephew of ,mother ,seton1 the founder of the ,order of ,sisters of ,charity in the ,united ,states4 ,his predecessor was the learned ,spalding1 whose elegant voice was conspicuous in the great ,council of the ,vatican4 ,some ,incidents of ,his ,life4 ,while ,archbishop ,gibbons presided over the small country parish of ,elkridge1 near ,baltimore1 an incident occurred which gave him a large measure of local fame4 ,small-pox broke out in the village1 and a general exodus immediately followed4 ,an old negro man at the point of death was deserted by his family1 who left him neither food nor medicines4 ,fr4 ,gibbons heard of the case1 hastened to the bedside of the dying man and remained with him to the last4 ,nor was this all4 ,no one could be procured to carry the corpse to the grave4 ,fr4 ,gibbons1 seeing no other alternative1 determined to act as undertaker as well as minister2 so1 having obtained a coffin1 he placed the body therein1 dragged it as well as he could to the grave1 performed the funeral rites and buried it4 ,his career as vicar of ,north ,carolina was filled with occurrences equally as noteworthy1 but of a humorous rather than pathetic nature4 ,he still talks with zest of his all-day rides on horseback through the ,north ,carolina pines2 of nights spent in the flea-covered log cabins of the negroes1 whose best accommodations consisted of a corn-husk bed1 meals spread out on the floor and gourds for drinking cups2 of savory dinners of fat bacon and hoe cakes1 and of other accompaniments of missionary life among the negroes of that region4 ,there is one incident in the primate's life which he seldom touches on1 but which caused immense amusement at the time it occurred4 ,while ,bishop of ,richmond1 he was the defendant in a suit relating to some church property4 ,when he was called to the witness stand1 the plaintiff's lawyer1 a distinguished legal luminary1 who still shines in ,richmond1 after vain endeavors to involve the witness in contradictions1 struck on a plan which he thought would annoy the bishop4 ,he thereupon questioned ,mr4 ,gibbons' right to the title of bishop of ,richmond1 and called on him to prove his claim to the office4 ,the defendant's lawyer1 of course1 objected to this as irrelevant2 but the bishop1 with a quiet smile1 said he would comply with the request if allowed a half-hour to produce the necessary papers4 ,this was allowed4 ,the bishop left the court room and returned in twenty minutes with a document which he proceeded to read with great solemnity1 all the more solemn as the paper was all in ,latin4 ,the plaintiff's lawyer pretended to take notes industriously1 bowing his head once in a while as if in acquiescence1 and seeming perfectly convinced at the end4 ,when the reading was finished1 he announced that the ,papal ,bulls just read were entirely satisfactory1 at the same time apologizing for his expressed doubts4 ,the next day it leaked out that the bishop1 unable to find the ,papal ,bulls at his residence1 had brought to court and read a ,latin essay on ,pope ,leo the ,great1 written by one of the ecclesiastical students1 and forwarded by the president of the college as a specimen of the young man's skill in ,latin composition4 ,that smart lawyer has not heard the last of it yet4 ,as an ,author and ,orator4 ,archbishop ,gibbons is the author of one volume1 ,the ,faith of ,our ,fathers1 which has met with a larger sale than any ,catholic book published in ,america4 ,more than one hundred thousand copies have been sold since its publication in #ahgg4 ,the work is made up chiefly of simple sermons on the doctrines of ,catholicity1 delivered while on the mission in ,north ,carolina4 ,as a pulpit orator1 the primate has many superiors in the hierarchy4 ,he has neither an impressive presence nor a good voice4 ,he seldom attempts elaborate discourses4 ,he is at his best in simple appeals to the heart1 and to this fact is due his missionary success4 ,some of his fellow-bishops may have greater power to convince the intellect1 but none can touch the feelings more deeply4 ,the ,irish as ,conspirators4 ,in a recent issue of the ,nineteenth ,century1 a magazine published in ,london1 is an article by ,mr4 ,arnold ,forster1 in which the following statement was used3 ,irishmen were at the bottom of the ,mollie ,maguire conspiracy in ,pennsylvania2 ,irishmen plotted against the officials and the ,chinese in ,san ,francisco2 the ,tammany ring was largely supported by ,irish citizens1 and even the ,boston police were tampered with by ,irish politicians of that city4 ,to controvert this view1 and particularly the reflection upon the ,boston police1 the ,republic newspaper of ,boston sent a circular letter to a number of prominent men1 requesting such denials as they might see fit to furnish4 ,governor ,robinson writes3 ,i have already taken occasion to contradict emphatically an assertion said to have been recently made in ,england that the act to establish a board of police for the city of ,boston1 passed by the legislature of ,massachusetts in #ahhe1 was necessitated by the threatening and disorderly character and conduct of the ,irish people in ,boston4 ,in all the conferences1 arguments and declarations about that act1 before its introduction1 or while it was under consideration in the legislature1 no intimation of that kind ever reached me1 and ,i do not believe it to be true4 ,nor is there1 in my opinion1 any more foundation for the statement to which you call my attention4 ,sharp political controversies arise2 but happily no question of race or nationality aggravates the differences among our people upon public matters4 ,charles ,a4 ,dana1 editor of ,new ,york ,sun1 says3 ,i cannot now recall the name of a single citizen of ,irish birth who was known as a supporter of the ,tammany ring2 and it is notorious that the head of it1 the late ,william ,m4 ,tweed1 was a full-blooded ,american4 ,at the same time1 one of the most conspicuous of its adversaries1 the late ,charles ,o',conor1 though born in this country1 was thoroughly ,irish in heart and sympathy4 ,another distinguished enemy of ,mr4 ,tweed's ring was his successor as the leader of ,tammany ,hall1 the present ,mr4 ,john ,kelly1 a man of ,irish descent1 and a more determined foe of every kind of corruption and of public dishonesty has never lived4 ,gen4 ,butler thus replies3 ,i can certainly give you the most thorough denial of the slanders upon the ,irishmen by the article of the ,nineteenth ,century4 ,i have known the ,irish-,americans intimately ever since my boyhood1 and they are as good1 loyal people as any in the world1 and as soldiers among the very best4 ,congressman ,curtin1 of ,pennsylvania1 speaks relative to the ,mollie ,maguire conspiracy as follows3 ,i can speak relative to the ,mollie ,maguire conspiracy in ,pennsylvania4 ,some of the men engaged in it were ,irishmen2 some were not4 ,the race to which the criminals belonged had nothing to do with the crime or its punishment2 nor should the fact of the existence of the ,mollie ,maguire conspiracy1 which was a crime perpetrated by citizens of ,pennsylvania against the good order of that ,commonwealth and punished by its officers1 have any effect on the aspirations of the ,irish people1 who were innocent of participation in it1 and who had no sympathy with it4 ,ex-,mayor ,palmer1 of ,boston1 thus defends our police force3 ,mr4 ,forster accuses the ,boston police of being corrupted by ,irish politicians4 ,it is sufficient to say of this that no ,bostonian charges it1 or believes it4 ,boston is proud of her police force1 and boasts of it too strongly and too frequently1 our neighbors think1 for good taste4 ,but whatever may be thought of our egotism in this respect1 it is well known and understood by our sister cities that ,boston claims to have the best police force in the world4 ,the ,irish-,american in ,boston is a loyal citizen1 proud of the city1 proud of the ,state1 and proud of the whole country2 and his heart's desire and prayer to ,god is1 that his motherland may become as free and prosperous and happy as these ,united ,states4 ,the trouble with ,mr4 ,forster1 as he shows himself in the ,nineteenth ,century1 is that ,parnell is on top1 and ,forster is afraid he will stay there4 ,gladstone wants to give ,ireland land reform and home government4 ,herein he believes is true statesmanship4 ,in this way he knows that every interest of the empire1 even its integrity1 would be best subserved4 ,but the ,queen and the ,tories oppose him and may defeat him4 ,let us hope that the hypocritical lament of ,arnold ,forster in the ,nineteenth ,century is the last wail of a lost cause4 ,or will he tell us next that ten thousand howling ,englishmen in ,trafalgar ,square is another ,irish conspiracy8 ,congressman ,lovering writes3 ,the wholesale charges against ,irishmen in ,america will fall flat here as an exaggeration1 and a distortion of facts1 in a vain attempt to charge against the ,irish race the misdoings of individuals1 who may have chanced to have been ,irishmen1 and the effort is entitled to all the contempt it deserves4 ,police ,commissioner ,osborne says3 ,knowing very little about the force before ,i became a member of the board of police1 ,i can only speak of the time during service1 and will say most emphatically that no interference1 or tampering1 with our force by politicians of any nationality has come to my knowledge4 ,and from what ,i have seen and know ,i firmly believe that our force is equal to1 if not superior to1 the police force in any city in the ,united ,states4 ,to which ,chairman ,whiting of the board adds3 ,i am happy to say that ,i have no knowledge whatever of any tampering with the ,boston police1 as stated in said clipping or otherwise4 ,new ,york ,irish-,american3 ,in eliciting such valuable expressions of opinion1 ,the ,republic has done a very good work2 though1 at this period of their connection with the ,united ,states1 our people1 as a component element of the population1 do not need to produce certificates of character before any tribunal to which an honest appeal may be made4 ,they have wrought out an excellent and enduring character for themselves by their purity of life in private1 and their labors and sacrifices in every field of public duty1 and stamped it so indelibly on the history of the ,republic1 that no hostile or malign influence can ever erase its strong and well-defined impression4 ,to connect this work1 however1 with the refutation of such a paltry scribbler as this ,arnold ,forster1 appears to us a waste of labor1--like crushing a ciarog with a battering-ram4 ,the ,englishman was only following his low1 natural instincts when he ambitiously engaged in the task to which so many of his countrymen before him1 like ,froude1 have devoted themselves1 since the time of that arch-falsifier of history1 ,giraldus ,cambrensis1 and1 as his original stock of knowledge of our people 7especially here in the ,united ,states71 must have been practically nil1 he was compelled to draw on the store of old1 worn-out libels against us1 that have so often been refuted both by historical facts and direct evidence2 but which are as persistently revamped and repeated by every scribbler who desires to vent his spleen1 and exhibit his ignorance with regard to a race1 that all fair-minded students of humanity admit has held its own with any other on earth1 through centuries of adverse circumstances4 ,the fellow is even worse than a libeller1 for he began his attacks on the ,irish people as an anonymous letter-writer in the columns of the ,english ,whig and ,tory organs1 professing to give statements with regard to events in ,america that were within his own knowledge4 ,the trained professional acumen of the leaders of the ,irish ,party quickly fixed the identity of the hidden assailant2 and about the same time that ,buckshot ,forster himself was cowering before the assembled ,commons of ,england1 under the scorching invective of ,parnell1 this same ,arnold ,forster--his putative son and secretary--was being dragged into the light of public criticism1 and exposed in his true character as a base defamer of men whose shoes he is not worthy to touch4 ,in revenge for this double punishment he has since collected the slanders he first peddled at retail1 and in this ,nineteenth ,century brochure has flung them1 in globo1 at his chastisers4 ,but he is not worthy of notice2 his plane of thought and idea is too low for even contempt to reach him2 and argument with him would be wasted4 ,le jeu n'en vaut pas la chandelle--,the game is not worth the candle4 ,boston ,daily ,globe3--,it was in some respects a fortunate thing that ,mr4 ,arnold ,forster uttered his recent malicious slander upon the ,irish race4 ,it has given opportunity for banishing1 by the production of undeniable facts refuting some of ,mr4 ,forster's specific statements1 the vague innuendoes ever and anon set afloat by those who imagine that all who oppose ,british oppression must be wrong1 because it's ,english1 you know4 ,rev4 ,father ,cronan1 editor of the ,buffalo ,catholic ,union1 among others1 vigorously replies to ,mr4 ,forster1 and in a vein somewhat different from any we have yet noticed in connection with the discussion4 ,says ,father ,cronan in the ,union3 ,mr4 ,arnold ,forster told more truth than he suspected1 and paid a compliment he never intended1 when he wrote in the ,century that ,irishmen were 'born conspirators4' ,divesting the expression of the stupid sting and insult intended by its misuse1 it simply means that ,irishmen are born inspired with a love of justice1 and that this inspiration1 being brutally thwarted by seven centuries of ,english misrule1 becomes a conspiration 7that is the true word1 ,mr4 ,forster7 of all ,irishmen to effect the ends of freedom and self-preservation4 ,show us a born bondsman and we will show you 'a born conspirator1' or1 a born fool1 if he be not a conspirator1 in the sense we have explained4 ,let the nations who rule by might instead of right learn at last that they are the creators and perpetuators of conspiracy4 ,if there is shame in the sound1 it is their shame4 ,if ruin and riot in the result1 it is their handiwork4 ,the day has gone by1 long ago1 when suffering peoples are to be awed into silence and submission to injustice by the silly outcries of salaried soothsayers4 ,there is no reason on earth1 or in heaven1 why people should submit to be slaves4 ,if they cannot boldly burst the bonds that encircle them1 they will triturate them to dust by friction against the granite hearts of their masters4 ,americans who revere the memory of ,jefferson and ,adams and ,patrick ,henry and their fellow conspirators will agree with ,father ,cronan1 that conspiracy by ,irishmen for the freedom of their native land is a noble thing4 ,mr4 ,forster belongs to the class which considered ,sam ,adams the arch-conspirator of his day4 ,every attempt to bribe him or to frighten him was met with disdain4 ,because he could not be bought1 ,england applied to him the meanest of epithets4 ,so1 to-day1 ,england slanders the ,irish leaders and the ,irish race because they cannot be coaxed or driven into desertion of their country's cause4 ,but ,england found that misrepresenting the character of the ,americans was a costly proceeding4 ,she made them the more determined and at the same time deceived herself4 ,a like effect will be caused by this latest attack upon the ,irish race4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a pompous fellow was dining with a country family1 when the lady of the house desired the servant to take away the dish containing the fowl1 which word she pronounced fool1 as is not uncommon in ,scotland4 ,i presume1 madam1 you mean the fowl1 said the prig1 in a reproving tone4 ,very well1 said the lady1 a little nettled1 be it so4 ,take away the fowl1 and let the fool remain4 ,orders of ,knighthood4 ,we owe to the ,westfalische ,merkur some interesting remarks on the ,order of ,christ recently conferred by ,leo ,,xiii4 on ,prince ,bismarck4 ,although there is no strictly fixed precedence among ,european ,orders of ,knighthood1 yet by common consent there is a kind of relative rank among these numerous honorary distinctions4 ,thus the first place is generally conceded to the ,golden ,fleece1 nowadays conferred by both the ,emperor of ,austria and the ,king of ,spain1 and the above-mentioned ,papal ,order of ,christ4 ,next may be said to rank the ,garter of ,england2 the ,black ,eagle of ,prussia2 the ,order of ,maria ,theresa1 ,austria2 and that of ,st4 ,hubert1 ,bavaria4 ,as1 however1 the ,order of ,christ is given almost exclusively to sovereigns1 and only in most exceptional cases to distinguished subjects1 the conferring of the same on the ,iron ,chancellor is a most unusual honor4 ,the history of the ,order is a curious one4 ,its origin is to be sought in one of the ,mediaeval ,militant ,orders of ,knights1 founded in #acag by ,denis1 ,king of ,portugal1 upon the ruins of the ,great ,order of the ,templars--suppressed in #acab--;in order to defend the empires of the ,algarves against the ,moors4 ,the ,order1 under the title of ,knights of ,jesus ,christ1 was confirmed by ,pope ,john ,,xxii4 by a ,bull of ,march #adth1 #acai1 which prescribed for them the rule of ,st4 ,benedict and the statutes of the ,cistercian ,order1 besides granting very extensive privileges4 ,the ,abbot of ,alcobaza was commissioned1 in the ,pope's name1 to receive the oath of the ,grand ,master4 ,the ,pope reserved to himself also the right of admitting candidates to the ,order1 and extending its privileges and insignia to others4 ,the ,knights had to take the three vows of poverty1 chastity1 and obedience1 till1 in #aejj1 ,pope ,alexander ,,vi4 released them from this obligation1 for the old crusading zeal had died out1 and the ,knights lived in the world like ordinary seculars4 ,meanwhile1 repeated victories over the ,moors had rendered the ,order very rich4 ,it possessed #dej commendatories1 with a yearly income of over #a1ejj1jjj livres4 ,in #aeej ,pope ,julius ,,iii4 attached the dignity of ,grand ,master forever to the ,portuguese ,crown4 ,in #agig1 after several attempts at reformation1 the ,portuguese ,order was altogether secularized1 and became a simple civil ,order of ,knighthood reserved to nobles2 in #ahcd the greater part of the income of the ,knights was confiscated4 ,the privilege reserved to the ,holy ,see by ,john ,,xxii41 creating ,knights of the ,order1 was fully exercised by that ,pope and his successors1 for he himself established a sister ,order--,ordine di ,cristo--in ,italy1 with like privileges and customs2 a broad white woollen mantle1 and on the breast a red cross with a small silver cross upon it4 ,pope ,paul ,v4 in #afje gave the ,papal ,knights the rule of ,st4 ,augustine2 but in course of time the ,order in ,italy followed the course of the ,portuguese branch1 and became the honorary distinction like all modern ,orders4 ,the ,knights now wear a golden cross with red enamel1 of which the ends run out into two points4 ,the ,holy ,see nowadays disposes of five honorary ,orders of ,knighthood3 that of ,christ1 referred to above1 and consisting of only one class1 ,cavalieri2 that of ,st4 ,gregory the ,great1 founded by ,gregory ,,xvi41 in #ahca1 and containing three classes3 those of ,grand ,cross1 ,commander and ,knight2 the ,golden ,spur1 created by ,pius ,,iv4 in #aeei1 also known as the ,order of ,st4 ,sylvester1 and in two grades3 ,commanders and ,knights1 styled auratae militiae equites2 the ,order of ,pius1 established by the late ,pontiff1 with two classes2 and1 lastly1 the ,holy ,sepulchre1 conferred by the ,patriarch of ,jerusalem by delegation of the ,pope1 but also sometimes by the ,holy ,father himself4 ,low-,necked ,dresses4 ,the venerable editor of the ,new ,york ,freeman's ,journal has the following article on ,vicious ,customs and ,costumes1 which we recommend to some ladies who appear partially dressed at some of our balls1 sociables1 etc4 ,the remarks are as applicable to fashionable society in ,boston1 and elsewhere1 as they are in ,new ,york and other cities4 ,the hours for social pleasures were never so late as at present4 ,people do not think of showing themselves at any evening entertainment until midnight4 ,the strain of this kind of thing on young people who have necessary duties to perform the next day1 tends to lower vitality and shorten life4 ,in ,london--from which city nearly all the fashions unsuitable to our climate and life come--there is a large leisure class who can sleep into the afternoon without shirking any urgent demands4 ,here1 where even the richest men have to work1 these late hours are preposterous4 ,but they are ,english--and1 rather than not be ,english1 the young man of to-day prefers listless days and a frequent resort to brandy and soda--,english1 too6--and other stimulants1 to keep him up to his work4 ,another fashion1 which has become so rampant as to need a general and continued objection to it1 is that of wearing low-necked gowns4 ,a little more firmness in defying the demands of fashion would1 perhaps1 save some woman's life4 ,but it is very hard for a woman to be firm on a question of fashion4 ,queen ,victoria insists on low-necked gowns2 therefore all the ,american world of fashion insists that the ,queen's mandate shall be followed4 ,at a dinner or dance1 the sight is sometimes appalling2 for what can be more shocking than the apparent attempt of decent women1 old and young1 lean and fat1 to show their shoulder blades8 ,like ,katisha1 in the ,mikado1 they seem to think that the possession of a beautiful left shoulder blade will atone for all other defects4 ,the boxes at the opera1 and all the places where fashionable people sit1 offer a startling picture of how immodest modest women can be when fashion demands it4 ,a writer in a recent ,new ,york ,evening ,telegram says3 ,when one goes to the opera and sweeps the tiers of boxes with an opera-glass for a moment1 the question comes3 ,is it proper to look8 ,upon careful examination and scientific computation1 it is pretty certain that of the ladies at the opera in any five boxes adjoining one another1 not less than one out of every three is three-quarters naked above the waist--that is1 of the square inches of surface1 from the waist up1 three-quarters are exposed to the view and to the air4 ,while this is true of opera-goers1 of those who go to balls it is far worse4 ,the percentage of semi-nude figures increases until fully ninety-five per cent4 is reached4 ,this picture is not exaggerated4 ,the other night1 at the opera of ,lohengrin1 given by the ,american ,opera ,company1 the dresses on the stage are described as modesty itself1 compared with those in the audience4 ,the lady who appears half undressed at a fashionable assembly1 goes to church the next morning demurely and modestly1 to think gently during the sermon of the vices of her neighbors1 without once reproaching herself for an immodesty which is worse than ,pagan1 and which1 when attempted by other than respectable women1 is regarded as a shameless incentive to evil thoughts and evil deeds4 ,probably1 if there were any women in ,new ,york of sufficient firmness and social influence to stop this ape-like imitation of usages which1 aside from their grave evils1 are out of keeping with the habits of life made necessary in a climate which is not at all ,english1 the custom might be relinquished4 ,but there is none such2 and the only pause that can be given to a whirl of fashion which perilously touches hell will be number of other deaths from late hours1 mental and physical lassitude1 and consequent heart and lung afflictions4 ,what is good in ,english usages may be imitated with advantage4 ,but ,americans will never be thoroughly independent of ,england until they arrange their habits to suit a climate whose caprices are so sudden and unexpected as to deal death to the unwary4 ,it is regrettable that the craze for low-necked dresses should be allowed to sweep away women who are bound by their social duties to appear in a costume which must have been invented by one of those females whose name is unmentionable here--from whom the women who imitate them turn in horror4 ,columbus and ,ireland4 ,one of the speakers at the dinner of the ,friendly ,sons of ,st4 ,patrick in this city referred to the ,irish missionaries in ,iceland and to the member of the crew of the ,pinta#c--ship in which ,columbus sailed from ,palos--who was born in ,ireland4 ,this is astounding information4 ,thirty-three years ago the learned ,digby wrote in his ,road of ,travelers1 ,compitum41 ,book ,i1 page #chj1 as follows3 ,when the ,northmen first landed in ,iceland they found there ,irish books1 ,mass-bells and other objects which had been left behind by earlier visitors1 called ,papas4 ,these ,papae1 fathers1 were the ,clerici of ,dicuil1 the ,irish ,monk1 who wrote in the year #hbc1 a treatise1 ',de ,mensura ,orbis ,teriae4' ,the late ,dr4 ,o',callaghan of ,new ,york1 called attention to the native of ,ireland1 being among the crew of the ,pinta1 about fifteen years ago4 ,the book referred to by him is entitled1 ,collecion de los ,viages y des ,cumplimientos1 ,madrid1 la imprenta real ano de #ahbe4 7,collection of ,voyages and ,duties ,discharged1 ,madrid1 royal printing office1 year of #ahbe47 ,the crew list of the ,pinta la tripulacion can be seen at ,madrid1 bearing the ancient ,connaught patronymic of ,eyre1 as follows3-- ,guillermo ,ires1 natural de ,galway1 ,irelanda1 no de or en before the word ,irelanda4 ,eyre ,court is not far from famed ,ballinasloe1 in the ,county ,galway1 and ,eyre ,square1 visitors to the capital of the west of ,ireland know1 is the principal one in the town of ,galway4 ,the ,eyre family is as old as the hills of ,connaught1 and were as intimate with ,spain as we are with ,cuba to-day1 before ,columbus was born4 ,up to and after the death of ,elizabeth of ,england all the ,catholic gentry of the ould stock were educated in ,spain and ,portugal4 ,yours1 etc41 ,,new ,,york1 ,march #ai4 ,r4 ,f4 ,,farrell ,,footnote3 #c ,the flagship1 if ,i may use such an expression1 of the little fleet1 was the ,santa ,maria4 ,of course1 it was on board of this that the illustrious navigator took his departure in person4 ,the ,pinta1 on board of which was ,william ,eyre1 the man from ,galway1 accompanied her1 vide ,catholic ,telegraph1 ,august #ad1 #ahgi4 ,r4 ,f4 ,f4 ,,new ,,york1 ,march #bb1 #ahhd4 ,miss ,mulholland's ,poems3 ,vagrant ,verses4 ,rosa ,mulholland is a name well known to the readers of ,catholic fiction4 ,she is one of the most graceful1 pure and tender writers we have4 ,hundreds of thousands of ,catholic young people owe her some of the most pleasant hours that brighten happy youth4 ,her sweet fancy has revelled in the sunshine of melodious poesy1 as well as in the green fields of fresh and charming prose4 ,her new book1 ,vagrant ,verses1 is a real bosom companion1 a jewel of dear books4 ,its prevailing tone is soothing tenderness1 touched1 as is usual with ,irish singers1 with sadness--but this is not the despairing sadness so prevalent to-day among those beyond the fold of ,peter4 ,what has been said of her splendid sister of song1 ,kate ,tynan1 may be as truly said of ,miss ,mulholland1--she cannot be all sad4 ,in her darkest hour you have always a streak of dawn in the east4 ,her poetry is more domestic and tranquil than that of the ,thrush of ,glenna ,smoil1 whose magnificent strains in ,louise1 ,joan1 ,vivia ,perpetua1 and so many others1 recall to our minds those words of the immortal lay3 ,binn sin1 a toin ,dhaire an ,chairn6 ,ni chualas1 an ard 's an m-bith1 ,ceol budh binne na dho guth1 ,acas thu fa bun do nid4 ,sweet thy song1 blackbird of th' oak grove of ,charn6 ,heard ,i never in all the vast wide world ,song than thine more sweet--voice of song supreme6 ,sitting thy nest beneath1 singing thy song divine4 ,it is a great blessing to ,erin in these hard1 wrangling times1 when so much that is good and sweet threatens to disappear1 to have two such noble singers raising their melodious voices to appease the angry passions of men4 ,nor should he be forgotten1 who has been the maccenas of these gifted and noble daughters of holy church--,rev4 ,fr4 ,matthew ,russell1 ,s4 ,j41 himself a sweet and true poet4 ,nor can ,i close this short notice without the feeble tribute of a word to one so dear to these three1 and so dear to us all1 ,rev4 ,joseph ,farrell1 now with ,god--whose sweet wisdom is fertile in many hearts4 ,j4 ,,keegan4 ,seeing the ,old ,year ,out3 ,a ,true ,story4 ,scene1 four young fellows were seated together in the dining-room drinking the old year out in a punch of ,patrick ,hallahan's best brew4 ,well1 here's to the good old year of '#hb1 said ,patrick1 raising his glass high above his head1 may the incoming year be as kind to us4 ,amen to that1 said ,phil1 his brother4 ,and so say all of us1 chimed in ,denis ,walker and ,arthur ,floyd4 ,up went the clouds of smoke in fanciful1 weird wreathes to the white ceiling2 up went the glasses with the nectar of the gods6 to the healthy lips of these four friends1 tried and true1 again and again1 until the huge1 lanky-legged clock in the hall chaunted in deep monotone the hour of twelve4 ,the four rose as one man1 and joined hands across the table4 ,a happy new year1 they said1 in one and the same breath1 and they ushered the poor1 innocent yearling in to the tune of ,for he's a jolly good fellow--for he's a jolly good fellow1 and so say all of us4 ,stop1 said ,patrick1 what's that8 ,the dining-room was but a pace from the hall door1 and ,patrick had heard quite distinctly a thud1 as of something heavy falling down4 ,in a second he was out into the darkness1 and nearly stumbled over an inert mass of humanity4 ,it was a man--or the remains of one4 ,he looks bad1 ,phil1 said ,patrick1 run for ,dr4 ,naughten while ,i put him on the sofa4 ,phil threw his warm ,inverness cape about him and seized his hat and was off in a trice2 meanwhile the three men1 left with the unconscious fourth1 laid their burden down upon the sofa1 loosened his neckerchief and collar1 but no sign of life was there4 ,drink1 said ,arthur1 that cursed drink4 ,the other men shook their heads in silent acquiescence4 ,it seemed an age before the doctor1 who lived only a few doors off1 came upon the scene1 not in the best of humors either1 for he1 too1 had been making the night merry after the fashion of these four friends4 ,the doctor felt his pulse4 ,i'm no use here1 said he4 ,the fellow's been dead this half-hour4 ,dead8 echoed the friends4 ,dead8 ,yes4 ,but1 said ,patrick1 we heard the fall only a few minutes ago4 ,likely enough1 said the doctor1 he had got as far as your door1 propped himself up against the corner1 and then went completely off into his last long sleep4 ,impossible6 they all exclaimed4 ,a man to die standing up6 ,possible1 retorted the doctor1 and in this case1 as you say you heard the fall1 most certain4 ,good evening1 gentlemen1 there is nothing more for me to do1 and the doctor hurried away4 ,so this poor wretch of a fellow-man had been seeing the old year out1 but the old year was made of tougher stuff than he1 and had seen him out4 ,they went for the police1 who came with the stretcher 7ah6 what tales that rough canvas bed could tell1 if it had the gift of tongue671 the body was taken away1 and the four friends sat around the table again1 but they raised the glass no more to their lips1 though the punch-bowl was steaming still--their eyes turned fearfully to the sofa where death so lately lay in state1 and for a few minutes a dreadful silence reigned4 ,oh6 that awful drink1 what harm it is working4 ,i'll not taste another drop these six months4 ,this from ,patrick ,hallahan4 ,nor ,i1 said ,phil4 ,nor ,i1 said ,denis4 ,nor ,i1 said ,arthur4 ,agreed1 they all said1 and let us see if we cannot keep our word4 ,and now let's break up1 for ,i'm feeling sick at heart1 were ,patrick's words1 and they separated4 99 99 99 99 99 ,they met six months after at the same place1 and they had kept their word1 though they never spoke of it to each other4 ,they had been out to dinner parties1 to at homes1 to balls and routs1 for they were well-to-do1 wealthy men of business1 but they succumbed never once4 ,they simply said1 ,no1 thank you1 when the wine was passed on1 the grog went round4 ,they still entertained1 as was their wont1 and gave their guests the best of their wine cellar1 but they abstained themselves4 ,one of them employed more than one hundred workmen4 ,these men noticed a change in their master2 he was more gentle with them in a way1 quite as severe in the matter of time-keeping and of hard work1 but he took an interest in their welfare1 asked after their homes4 ,one of them who brought him his luncheon from an eating-house near at hand1 remarked that the master never used the corkscrew now1 and that the bottom of his master's tumbler was never stained4 ,the ninety-nine other men knew this ninety-nine seconds after4 ,if the governor1 who works harder than any of us1 can do without his liquor1 dang it all1 ,i can4 ,jack ,furniss gave this forth to two pals1 and these three entered quietly into a compact1 upon fine of #a d41 to take no beer for a week2 they took no beer for four weeks1 for six months4 ,men are after all like sheep who follow their superior1 the shepherd's dog2 the dog leads this way or that way1 and the flock follows4 ,the dog 7,jack ,furniss was foreman to his master1 a kind of shepherd's dog to the rest7 led the way to pure spring water1 and the whole flock--save the traditional black sheep--followed1 not all at once1 but little by little4 99 99 99 99 99 ,now let us back to the shepherd and his three friends1 who are met together six months after that awful death4 ,the cloth is laid for four2 sherry and claret shine upon the table1 the champagne is underneath the sideboard in an iced pail--lemon1 sugar1 the silver ladle in the family punch-bowl4 ,they sat down1 and after the soup1 when the fish was put on the table1 ,patrick ,hallahan passed the sherry to ,arthur1 ,arthur passed it to ,phil1 and ,phil handed it to ,denis4 ,curiously1 yet true enough1 the decanter came back in the same state as it started4 ,then these four plain men of business rose like one man1 and joined hands across the table4 ,not a word was spoken1 but that grip of the hand spoke all they had to say to one another4 ,it is said they were satisfied with themselves and with one another1 so satisfied that they had no wish to go from their word1 even though the time of keeping it had gone by4 ,afterwards they acknowledged one to the other over their cigars--for if they drank nothing strong they smoked very strong1 and1 be it said1 very good tobacco--they acknowledged that their life had been brighter1 lighter than before1 their mental vision clearer1 their home happier2 and many a fellow-creature round about them could have added that their lives had been made brighter and lighter1 and their mental vision clearer1 and their homes happier1 by the example and kindness of these four friends4 99 99 99 99 99 ,there is an anecdote told of a certain priest who once happened to be riding a spirited young horse along a road in ,ireland4 ,his reverence whilst thus engaged was met by two gentlemen who had lately been raised to the magistracy of the county1 and being in a good humor1 they thought they would amuse themselves by quizzing him4 ,how comes it1 good ,father1 said one of them1 that you are mounted on such a fine horse8 ,your predecessors1 the ,apostles1 ,i understand1 always performed their journeys on asses4--,that's easily explained1 answered his reverence2 the fact is1 that the ,government has of late been making magistrates of the asses1 and therefore ,i should not consider it respectful to travel about on the back of one of the fraternity4 ,juvenile ,department4 ,,the ,,flowers' ,,election4 ,an election is now being held1 ,for the flowers are all mad for a queen2 ,the speeching and voting go on1 ,and cause a most terrible scene4 ,one tulip1 a smart little flirt1 ,screams loudly and long for the rose2 ,but a wee1 giddy1 columbine bud ,does flippantly interpose4 ,nextly a cauliflower speaks1 ,for his cousin the cabbage he votes2 ,at which e'en a butterfly grins ,as onwardly he lazily floats4 ,a full-blown and strong-minded flower ,votes loud for republic and peace6 ,or else for a strawberry plant1 ,who's her grandmother's brother's aunt's niece4 ,next marigold speaks to the crowd1 ,who is known to be forward and pert2 ,but a nettle makes stinging remarks1 ,till the speaker declares himself hurt6 ,and then to rampage they begin2 ,sweet ,william is scragging a rose2 ,sweet-pea in a neighborly way1 ,is pulling young marigold's nose6 ,such a noise and confusion ensues ,that a snail faints away on the wall2 ,and never as yet have ,i heard ,what the end of it was after all4 ,,maud ,,egerton ,,hine1 a child of less than eight years old4 99 99 99 99 99 ,doing anything now1 ,bill8 ,oh1 yes1 ,i'm busy all the time4--,ah6 ,glad to hear it4 ,what are you doing8--,looking for a job4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,little ,,french ,,girl ,,of ,,st4 ,,sulpice4 ,when ,i was in ,paris1 a year or two before the terrible war broke out1 ,i often went to the church of ,st4 ,sulpice4 ,a grand old place is ,st4 ,sulpice1 not so majestic outwardly as ,notre ,dame1 but far more interesting to me4 ,its painted chapels1 its noble altar with the royal seat in front1 its chairs full of kneeling people1 from the splendid dame to the bonnetless peasant1 its gorgeously dressed priests1 its magnificent organ1--everything about it charmed and interested me4 ,one day ,i saw a little girl asleep at the foot of a statue4 ,the calm1 white1 marble face seemed to look down in pity on the child1 whose beauty startled me4 ,her white cape-bonnet had fallen from her head1 and curls1 lustrous as gold1 and quite as yellow1 fell over neck and cheeks4 ,what long1 dark lashes she had6 ,her complexion seemed blended roses and lilies4 ,but her dress was very shabby4 ,the most beautiful feet will get soiled if they go shoeless1 and this child seemed one of the very poorest of the poor4 ,there came a grand burst of organ music1 with which a thousand voices joined1 and the child awoke4 ,she lifted her head1 and the great brown eyes seemed to drink in the melody4 ,then1 seeing that we were watching her1 she held out a little palm4 ,the mute appeal was not resisted2 ,i gave her my last franc4 ,she followed us out of the church4 ,on the stone steps we could see the fountains playing4 ,omnibuses decorated with gay little flags1 horses decked out with ribbons1 merry groups passing1 the red sunshine1 the distant beauty of the green park1 with its gravelled walks and flowery borders1 made a picture that ,i shall never forget4 ,the child touched my dress4 ,i must sing for you1 madame1 she said1 holding up the franc4 ,then she stood back a little1 let her pretty arms drop1 and sang in a sweet contralto1 a little ,french air4 ,her voice was charming4 ,why do you beg8 ,i asked4 ,i do not beg1 madame1 ,i sing2 and her cheek flushed4 ,where do you live1 my dear8 ,rue ,st4 ,pere4 ,near ,hotel ,st4 ,pere8 ,not far from that1 madame4 ,my father makes wooden images2 perhaps you pass his window4 ,at least ,i call him my father4 ,i had often passed his window1 filled with a melancholy collection of well-carved animals1 boxes1 heads1 quite yellow by exposure4 ,nothing seemed ever to be sold4 ,one day ,i went in to ask the price of a stag's head4 ,the poor man1 broken down by sickness1 sat whittling in the corner4 ,his face was like saffron1 while his thin hair was black as jet4 ,a heavy curtain was hung across the shop4 ,presently the rings that supported it rattled a little2 the curtain opened midway1 revealing a bit of ,french home life4 ,a cradle of an antique pattern1 a woman ironing at a table1 a tiny stove1 two windows full of flowers1 everything poverty-stricken but clean4 ,as ,i was paying for the stag's head in came my little one of ,st4 ,sulpice4 ,she knew me1 but with only a nod and a smile passed into the other part of the room4 ,that is your little girl1 ,i suppose1 ,i said4 ,oh1 no2 ,i care for her2 that is all4 ,her mother is dead2 she is no kin to me1 but one cannot see a little one suffer4 ,besides1 she does very well with her voice2 she will work her way in the world4 ,we do not suffer2 we have bread4 ,nevertheless ,i knew by his voice and the aspect of things that they did suffer sometimes1 so ,i often made little expeditions that way1 and spent for carved wood every franc ,i could spare4 ,now comes the wonderful part of my story4 ,i had been at home six months when the ,french war broke out4 ,while reading the dreadful tidings1 and seeing with my mind's eye those fairy-like palaces1 over which ,i had wandered so often1 sacked and destroyed1 ,i thought of the little girl of ,st4 ,sulpice1 and wondered what had become of her4 ,where were the wooden hounds with their life-like eyes1 the stags' heads so beautifully carved1 the long1 ,french faces with the dust lying in their grotesque goatees8 ,where were the sick old man1 the tidy little mother1 the large1 rosy baby8 ,one day1 only a very few weeks ago1 while walking down ,pennsylvania ,avenue1 in ,washington1 a splendid carriage drove past1 and ,i caught a glimpse of a face that set my heart beating4 ,i turned to look1 and1 strange to tell1 the child was also turning to look at me4 ,could this be the little ,french girl of ,st4 ,sulpice8 ,impossible4 ,on the following day ,i was called into my sitting-room to see some one who wanted a donation4 ,they're always a beggin'1 ,miss ,alice1 said my maid4 ,there was three men with papers yesterday1 and now come these flipflappers4 ,the flipflappers were two ,sisters of ,charity4 ,one of them1 the youngest1 with large1 loving1 dark eyes1 and one of the finest faces ,i ever saw1 won me at sight4 ,she was soliciting money she said for an ,old ,folks' ,home4 ,you are not an ,american1 ,i said4 ,oh1 no2 ,i am only five months from ,paris4 ,this is my sister1 who can talk only ,french4 ,an hour passed during which ,i had told all about my ,st4 ,sulpice child4 ,the women looked at each other4 ,it seems like ,marie1 said one4 ,it certainly does seem like ,marie1 responded the other4 ,and who was ,marie8 ,marie was with a wood-carver4 ,marie's mamma was an ,englishwoman4 ,her husband brought her to ,paris4 ,they both died when ,marie was a little one4 ,marie used to sing1 and she lived in rue ,st4 ,pere4 ,it must be my ,st4 ,sulpice girl6 ,i said1 excitedly4 ,during the troubles1 continued the woman1 the old wood-carver died4 ,his wife1 whose sister was a nun1 went to one of the charity homes4 ,she1 alas6 was shot1 and soon after her baby pined and died4 ,the sisters took care of ,marie for awhile1 she was so beautiful4 ,no1 madame1 it is not to be denied that they would have liked it if ,marie could have grown up in their midst1 and become one of the holy order1 but the war forbade that4 ,some of the sisters escaped to ,england1 and ,marie went with them4 ,in ,london1 ,marie sang a little now and then1 for we were much reduced4 ,one day she was listened to by a lady living in some villa4 ,she had the child brought in1 and kept saying to herself1 ',it is a wonderful likeness6' ,then she called her husband and all the family1 and they each one said that it was a wonderful likeness4 ,well1 madame1 they found the child was one of them1 the child of a sister who had married imprudently and gone off1 and after that we had little to do with ,marie4 ,but we came over to ,america in the same ship1 and the little lady was very kind to us4 ,her friends have given largely to this fund since she has been here4 ,will madame contribute8 ,on condition that they found where the child lived1 ,i gave them what ,i could spare1 and they went away grateful4 ,only the next day a grand equipage stopped at my door4 ,there were two men in splendid livery on the box1 and a tiger behind1 who sat with his arms folded like a statue of ebony4 ,ah1 but there was my sweet little ,st4 ,sulpice girl1 with her nurse1 or companion4 ,how lovely she was6 ,her white hat and blue feather1 beautiful blue silk1 trimmed with costly white lace1 her buttoned gloves1 and dainty parasol1 spoke most eloquently of the change in her circumstances4 ,but to me she seemed just the same4 ,then you have not forgotten ,st4 ,sulpice1 ,i said4 ,she shook her head and her lips trembled a little4 ,it was so awful before we came away6 she said1 with a shudder4 ,they took ,st4 ,sulpice for the soldiers1 and they killed the nuns and shot the good priests1 and1 it seemed as if everybody was dead or dying4 ,oh1 how we did fly for our lives6 ,but you are very happy now8 ,yes2 ,i have a governess1 and ,i am studying ,english2 but ,i shall always love my dear1 dear ,france1 and ,i would go there again1 but poor ,pere and ,mere ,bouve are gone1 and their little child4 ,if they could only have come to ,england with me6 ,and does your aunt stay in ,america long8 ,till the next ,september4 ,oh1 how ,i felt when ,i saw you on the street6 ,i knew it was you4 ,to-morrow we go to ,cape ,may1 and ,i shall never see you again4 ,oh1 yes1 you will4 ,i shall come over to ,england next summer4 ,the child's eyes brightened4 ,will you8 and she threw her arms round my neck in true ,french style1 and declared that she loved me4 ,i hope ,i shall see my little one of ,st4 ,sulpice again4 ,if anybody meets an ,english family at ,cape ,may1 with one of the loveliest little girls in the world1 ,i have no doubt she will answer to the name of ,marie4 ,,the ,,donkey4 ,mine is not a common donkey at all1 living upon thistles and weeds1 or any rubbish he can pick up on the roadside2 he is an aristocratic donkey1 and eats1 and sleeps1 too1 sometimes1 in a lordly dining-hall1 where kings and princes have dined4 ,and where does he live8 you will ask4 ,in a beautiful old ruined castle in the ,isle of ,wight--,carisbrook ,castle1 the place of imprisonment of poor ,king ,charles ,i41 and the scene of his gentle daughter ,elizabeth's early death4 ,within the ruined walls of that grand old castle does my friend1 the donkey1 live4 ,many must have heard of the wonderful well at ,carisbrook1 which is so deep no one can draw the water up1 so that they are obliged to have a donkey to do it4 ,and it is done in this way3 there is an enormous wheel1 with steps inside1 and the donkey goes in1 and by walking continually up the steps turns the wheel1 and so draws up the water4 ,and this was the work ,jacob1 for that is the donkey's name1 had to do for many years4 ,but he has long since retired from public life1 being very old1 and his place has been supplied by a younger donkey2 ,jacob having nothing to do now but eat1 sleep1 and amuse himself4 ,we were having a little picnic at ,carisbrook1 the children and ,i1 not long ago1 and ,jacob took an immense interest in all our proceedings4 ,the children were greatly delighted with his friendly way of receiving us1 and fed him with biscuits and buns1 which he seemed to enjoy very much4 ,he even drank some tea out of a saucer1 and ate up all the pieces of bread we left4 ,in fact1 ,jacob's and our own appetites were so good that there was nothing left of our feast1 excepting half of a large pat of butter1 which we never supposed ,jacob would touch1 and were much amused on looking round to see him quietly eating up that1 too1 and licking the plate well afterwards so as not to lose a bit4 ,he is a very fat little creature1 and his hair has grown quite long and soft1 like a young donkey's4 ,evidently his lazy life agrees with him1 though1 ,i have no doubt1 he has done his fair share of work1 and quite deserves to pass a peaceful1 happy old age4 ,as ,i am on the subject of donkeys1 ,i must tell about a very clever one ,i heard of a few days ago4 ,she lives somewhere in ,ireland1 and she and her little foal were turned into a field where a very deep ditch had been dug4 ,and one day some men who were at work in the next field saw ,viva1 the mother donkey1 come toward them in a great hurry4 ,she came close up to the hedge1 braying loudly1 and seeming much distressed4 ,at first they took no notice of her1 but she would not go away1 and continued to bray until one of the men went to her1 and then she started off in the direction of the ditch1 and there he found the poor little foal1 which had tumbled in4 ,fortunately it was not hurt2 but if the mother had not been so sensible1 it must have died1 for it could not possibly have got out4 ,it is the fashion to consider donkeys stupid1 ill-tempered1 and obstinate1 which ,i do not think quite just4 ,they are often obstinate1 certainly1 but they are generally made so by constant ill-treatment4 ,how often one sees a poor little donkey staggering along with a load a great deal too heavy for him1 and being beaten and abused the whole time because he can scarcely draw it6 ,donkeys after a time get so accustomed to being incessantly beaten that it has no effect1 excepting to make them turn obstinate and sulky4 ,and ,i do not believe they are either by nature2 for a donkey that is really well brought up1 and has always been kindly treated1 is not at all obstinate4 ,he will trot or canter when he is required to do so1 just like a pony1 is good-tempered and gentle1 and altogether a different animal from his unfortunate poor relation1 who has been kicked and beaten and dragged at from his babyhood upwards4 ,and to say that donkeys are stupid is quite a mistake1 for many are extremely clever4 ,i knew an old one--,i think he must have been thirty at least--that could never by any means be kept in any field or out of any garden that he chose to enter4 ,and as he much preferred nice green vegetables to his legitimate food1 he was constantly trespassing1 and his owners were continually in trouble about him4 ,he would always find some means of either opening a gate or getting over the hedge4 ,the only place he could be kept in was the village pound1 to which he often paid a visit4 ,he was1 as may be fancied1 quite a nuisance in the village1 and every one was truly thankful when he was found dead one morning4 ,it was said he died of old age2 but as he had made many enemies by his numerous depredations1 ,i should not wonder if some of them had to do with his sudden end4 ,,hounds4 ,two hounds belonged to a gentleman in ,lancashire1 and he1 wishing to make them a present to a friend1 sent them to ,kilkenny1 the place where he lived in ,ireland4 ,but the hounds apparently did not like their new quarters1 and1 no doubt1 missed their old master2 for after a few days they disappeared1 and could not be found or heard of1 until at last their master got a letter from their former owner in ,lancashire to say that the hounds had returned to him4 ,it was afterwards discovered that they had gone to the ,north ,vale in ,dublin1 jumped on board a steamboat1 which fortunately was going to ,england1 and had found their way to their old home4 ,some dogs take offence very easily4 ,i know one absurd1 diminutive creature1 who has the greatest dislike to being talked about1 and directly he hears any one mention his name even1 he gets up and walks out of the room in the most dignified way possible1 looking round all the time1 as much as to say1 ,how dare you talk about me8 ,another dog belonging to a friend took great offence because he could not have his own way4 ,he is a nice old dog1 very old and quite blind1 and has always lived with the same master1 to whom he is quite devoted1 accompanying him everywhere1 and at night keeping guard on the mat at his bedroom door4 ,a short time ago his master went on a visit to a house about sixty miles distant from his own home1 and as usual his old favorite went with him4 ,when night came1 the old dog1 having found out his master's room1 posted himself1 as he had always been accustomed to do1 at his door4 ,but the servants of the house1 not knowing his ways1 drove him downstairs4 ,the next day the dog was gone2 but was heard of soon afterwards1 having returned to his own home4 ,he had taken offence at not being allowed to sleep where he liked1 and had found his way back1 in spite of the distance and his blindness4 ,,the ,,california ,,roadrunner4 7,geococcyx ,californianus47 ,a very singular and yet a very little known bird is the roadrunner chaparral cock1 or1 as it is known in ,mexico and the ,spanish sections of the ,united ,states1 the paisano4 ,illustration ,it belongs to the cuckoo family1 but has none of the bad habits by which the ,european cuckoo is best known4 ,it is a shy bird1 but is not by any means an unfamiliar object in the south-western portions of the ,united ,states and in ,mexico4 ,sometimes it wanders up into middle ,california1 but not often1 seeming to prefer the more deserted1 hotter1 and sandier parts of southern ,california1 and from there stretching its habitat as far east as middle ,texas4 ,it is not by any means a brilliantly colored bird1 although some of its hues are very beautiful4 ,the prevailing color of the roadrunner is olive green1 which is marked with brown and white4 ,the top of the head is blue black1 and is furnished with an erectile crest4 ,the eyes are surrounded by a line of bare skin4 ,it is not a large bird1 being seldom twenty-four inches long1 with a tail taking more than half of that length4 ,the tail1 indeed1 is the most striking feature of the bird1 being not only so very long1 but seemingly endowed with the gift of perpetual motion1 since it is never still1 but bobs up and down1 and sidewise1 too1 into every possible angle1 and almost incessantly4 ,but while its tail is most striking1 its legs are most remarkable1 being not only long and stout1 but wonderfully muscular1 how muscular nobody would be able to imagine who had not put them to the test4 ,a traveller in ,mexico tells of going out with his ranchero host to hunt hares with a brace of very fine hounds4 ,going over a long stretch of sandy plain1 relieved only by pillars and clusters of cactus1 the ,mexican called the attention of his guest to an alert1 comical-looking bird1 some distance from them4 ,with the remark that the gentleman should see some rare coursing1 the ,mexican slipped the leashes of the straining hounds1 which sprang off as if used to the sport1 and darted after the bird4 ,for a moment it seemed to the stranger a very poor use to put the dogs to1 but he was not long in changing his mind4 ,instead of taking wing1 the bird tilted its long tail straight up into the air in a saucily defiant way1 and started off on a run in a direct line ahead4 ,it seemed an incredible thing that the slender dogs1 with their space devouring bounds1 should not at once overtake the little bird2 but so it was4 ,the legs of the paisano moved with marvellous rapidity1 and enabled it to keep the hounds at their distance for a very long time1 being finally overtaken only after one of the gamest races ever witnessed by the visiting sportsman4 ,the roadrunner1 however1 serves a better purpose in life than being run down by hounds4 ,cassin mentions a most singular circumstance among the peculiarities of the bird4 ,it seems to have a mortal hatred of rattlesnakes1 and no sooner sees one of those reptiles than it sets about in what1 to the snake1 might well seem a most diabolical way of compassing its death4 ,finding the snake asleep1 it at once seeks out the spiniest of the small cacti1 the prickly pear1 and1 with infinite pains and quietness1 carries the leaves1 which it breaks off1 and puts them in a circle around the slumbering snake4 ,when it has made a sufficient wall about the object of all this care1 it rouses its victim with a sudden peck of its sharp beak1 and then quickly retires to let the snake work out its own destruction1 a thing it eventually does in a way that ought to gratify the roadrunner1 if it has any sense of humor4 ,any one watching it would say it was expressing the liveliest emotion with its constantly and grotesquely moving tail4 ,the first impulse and act of the assaulted snake is to coil for a dart2 its next to move away4 ,it quickly realizes that it is hemmed in1 in a circle1 and finally makes a rash attempt to glide over the obstruction4 ,the myriad of tiny needles prick it and drive it back4 ,the angry snake1 with small wisdom1 attempts to retaliate by fastening its fangs into the offending cactus4 ,the spines fill its mouth4 ,angrier still1 it again and again assaults the prickly wall1 until1 quite beside itself with rage1 it seems to lose its wits completely1 and writhing and twisting horribly1 buries its envenomed fangs into its own body1 dying finally from its self-inflicted wounds4 ,after the catastrophe1 the roadrunner indulges in a few gratified flirts of its long tail and goes off1 perchance to find its reward in being run down by hounds set on by men4 ,,john ,r4 ,,coryell1 in ,scientific ,american4 99 99 99 99 99 ,man is hard to satisfy4 ,poverty is the only thing he can get enough of4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,power ,,of ,,the ,,lord',s ,,prayer ,,and ,,the ,,hail ,,mary4 ,in #ahcf1 while connected with the ,church of ,st4 ,roque1 ,i was for a long time engaged in giving catechetical instruction to the children2 not only the ordinary catechism1 but what we called1 and what is still called1 catechism of perseverance1 at which young persons of both sexes attended until their marriage4 ,one day ,i was called upon to solemnize the marriage of one of these young persons1 who was very pious2 she had most assiduously followed our instructions until the hour of this great engagement2 her betrothed was a practical ,catholic1 so that it was one of those marriages which we can bless with hope and consolation4 ,ordinarily an exhortation is given on these occasions2 ,i said a few words according to the custom1 and ,i still remember that while speaking ,i had a distraction2 it was caused by a tall man1 at least six foot high1 who stood erect while every one else was seated1 looking at me with a fixed1 intense gaze1 and1 as he was one of the first witnesses at the ceremony1 he stood scarcely three steps from me4 ,this proximity1 his great height1 his original manner1 and his fixed look1 had1 as you may readily understand1 attracted my attention1 for a moment1 and then ,i cast the impression aside4 ,after the ceremony all retired1 and ,i thought all was finished2 far from it4 ,at five o'clock the next morning my bell was rung by the bridegroom1 who came in great haste to summon me to a dying man1 his uncle1 the same tall man who had so singularly distracted me the previous evening4 ,he was quite aged1 seventy-four years old2 he had taken cold at the wedding ceremony1 and the physician declared he could not live4 ,i started immediately1 and as we went along the street1 ,i asked1 ,was your uncle a good ,christian8--,he was a good man2 but we fear that he neglected his religious duties4--,has he any idea of his dangerous condition8--,yes1 he is fully sensible of it4--,does he wish to see me8--,yes1 when we saw that he was struck by death1 we asked him if he would not like to see a priest1 and he did not refuse4 ,after a moment he said 'bring me the one ,i heard yesterday2 he pleased me1 and he will arrange my affairs4' ,the bridegroom informed me that his uncle had come from the country to attend his wedding1 and he was then at a hotel in a cross street4 7,i have never since passed that hotel without emotion47 ,we entered1 and ,i was left alone with him4 ,before me lay this poor old man dying4 ,i approached1 and he immediately held out his hand4 ,there was something very frank and noble in his manner4 ,i am going to die1 he said1 and ,i wish to do whatever is done at such a time4 ,i am seventy-four years old1 and for sixty years ,i have not been to confession4 ,at fourteen ,i enlisted2 ,i have been in all the wars of the ,revolution and the empire2 ,i have never thought of ,god during all the time1 and ,i know not why4 ,i now feel that ,i ought not to leave the world before being reconciled to ,him1 just as if ,i had always known ,him4 ,touched by his frankness and his extraordinary sincere expression1 ,i replied1 ,i will aid you to know ,him1 and ,god will aid us2 such things are easy for those of an upright1 candid heart4 ,but it was not so very easy1 after all1 and you will readily perceive4 ,when1 by the assistance of many questions1 ,i had finished his confession for him1 ,now1 ,i said1 ,i'll give you a penance4--,what is that8 ,i have not the least idea of it4 ,and1 in truth1 he had not the first idea of religion1 of the ,sacrament of ,penance1 or any other ,sacrament4444 ,a poor1 dying man1 whose hairs were bleached by the snows of fourscore winters1 was passing from earth without having a single idea of ,christianity2 merely an instinct prompted him to wish for a reconciliation with ,god before his death4 ,i explained the meaning of penance and said3 ,you suffer very much2 offer your sufferings to our ,blessed ,lord1 and that will enable me to give you an easy penance2 you need only say the ',our ,father' and the ',hail ,mary4' ,he looked at me for a moment with the most intent and piercing gaze1 for1 although so exhausted by age and sickness1 he had a most extraordinary energy in his eye1 and said ',our ,father1' ',hail ,mary6' ,what do they mean8 ,i have never heard anything about them4 ,yes1 this was the state which the poor miserable man had reached2 seventy-four years old and he had forgotten even the prayers that infants in their mothers' arms lisp in childish accents4 ,religion was utterly obliterated from his soul6 ,there remained nothing1 nothing6 ,i cast a look toward heaven1 and ,i felt that a miracle was needed to bring back the pastor to enlighten his darkened soul4 ,you ought to know1 that those prayers are the most beautiful in religion4 ,i will assist you2 ,i will say them myself2 you will say them afterward with me1 and then you will find all you have lost4 ,kneeling down by his bedside1 and holding his hand in both of mine1 ,i commenced4 ,he let me say the two or three first invocations of the ,our ,father1 but when ,i said1 ,forgive us our trespasses1 as we forgive them who trespass against us1 he suddenly pressed my hand1 and as one arousing from a long sleep he exclaimed1 ,oh6 ,i remember that4 ,yes6 ,i think when ,i was a little boy my mother taught me something like that4 ,will you please commence it again8 ,i recommenced it and then instantaneously1 from the depths of his soul1 across his darkened mind1 and from far away in his early childhood--across seventy-four years--across all those wars and all those battle-fields which had passed over his life and effaced from his soul all ideas of religion1 came back to this old soldier the remembrance of his mother1 and the prayers she had taught him when a little boy1 and he commenced unaided to recall the words4 ,one by one ,i saw them leave his soul1 as if they had all been engulfed1 and were now rising to the surface4 ,at each sentence he interrupted himself3 ,oh6 he exclaimed1 ,i remember--',our ,father who art in heaven'--yes1 indeed1 that is it--',hallowed be ,thy name'--that is it again6--,i remember it all now6--',thy ,kingdom come4'--,yes1 yes1 ,i remember ,i used to say all that--oh6 isn't that prayer beautiful6 ,and when he came to the words ,forgive us our trespasses1--,ah1 he cried1 above all the rest1 ,i remember that--those are the words that brought all the rest back to me2 my mother used to make me say that whenever ,i did anything wrong4 ,and in this manner he finished the ,our ,father2 then he asked to say it with me1 and seemed never weary in repeating it over and over4 ,but1 he exclaimed1 is there not another8 ,oh6 yes1 now ,i remember1 my mother said there was a ,blessed ,virgin--stop--,i must find that prayer also6 ,but it won't come back4 ,say it to me so that ,i can remember1 all about it4 ,and when ,i repeated the first words1 he interrupted me with a joyful cry1 ,oh6 yes1 that is it1 ',hail ,mary6' ,and then1 without waiting for me to take the lead1 he continued1 full of grace1 the ,lord is with thee1 and all the words seemed to flow miraculously from his soul1 and with tears flowing down his cheeks1 he repeated1 ,holy ,mary1 ,mother of ,god1 pray for us poor sinners1 now and the hour of our death4 ,behold in this old man the power of the prayers which a pious mother had taught him in his childhood6 ,precious germs deposited in his soul1 and a long time deposited there--but1 thank ,god1 they were there--and at the supreme moment1 under a favorable ray of ,divine grace1 they burst forth to support him in his last hours1 and to open for him the gates of a happy eternity6 ,he never wearied in saying them1 but continued constantly repeating them4 ,finally1 seeing that he was fatigued1 ,i left him promising to return as soon as he had taken some repose4 ,and ,i did return very soon1 for ,i was most anxious to give him ,holy ,communion4 ,he received the ,viaticum with the most lively faith3 all had been revealed with those two prayers4 ,i had nothing more to teach him4 ,,bishop ,,doupanloup 99 99 99 99 99 ,in this world there is nothing dearer to ,god ,himself than the soul of a little child made to ,his own likeness and to ,his own image1 born again and sanctified by the ,holy ,ghost4 ,innocent1 those little ones are the nearest to ,him of ,his servants upon earth1 numbered among ,his saints4 ,and they are the most exposed to all manner of peril in this loud and lordly world that passes them by1 and accounts them to be cyphers in its reckoning1 and legislates for them as if they were flocks in a field1 or chattels1 or property4 ,precious in ,god's sight1 little barefooted1 bareheaded children that pass through the streets have each an ,angel ,guardian1 and yet they are surrounded by all the perils that prowl and make havoc in the cities where we dwell4 ,the offspring of all the animals of the lower creation1 almost as soon as they come into this world1 are able to care for themselves2 but man1 who is the highest1 and noblest1 and like a god himself1 is the most helpless4 ,and1 therefore1 in that helpless infancy and tender childhood1 those who cannot care for themselves1 are committed to our guardianship4--,cardinal ,manning4 99 99 99 99 99 ,uneasy rests the foot that wears a corn4 ,lenten ,pastorals4 ,in ,dublin1 on ,sunday1 ,march #g1 ,archbishop ,walsh said3 ,with singular unanimity the leaders of all parties in the ,state have come at length to recognize the pressing need of a substantial construction of that system of government under which we at present live4 ,so much is certain2 but beyond this all is shrouded from our view in the uncertainty of the future4 ,the minds of many among us are agitated4 ,all around us are heard expressions of anxiety1 and the fears and hopes of those who speculate as to what the next few weeks may bring forth4 ,amid all this uncertainty it is our special duty to turn to the throne of the ,almighty and all-wise ruler of the universe in earnest supplication1 that the light of the heavenly wisdom1 by which kings reign and lawgivers decree just things1 may not be wanting to those statesmen and public men by whom the momentous issues now raised will have to be decided1 and on whose prudence in council1 or action1 in the public ,senate of the empire provision to be made for the future protection of so many and such vital interests in spiritual1 no less than in temporal1 order must so largely depend4 ,from ,galway it is learned that the pastoral read there contained this expression3 ,let us ask that wretched tenants who find it impossible to meet their engagements at the present1 and who are threatened with eviction from their humble homes1 may be allowed at least a few months' respite until they can profit by the legislation which just and enlightened statesmanship will devise for their relief1 and for the lasting peace and prosperity of ,ireland4 ,speaking at ,lismore1 ,archbishop ,croke said1 that when he next had the pleasure of passing through the town1 he hoped that the ,irish cause would have wonderfully progressed1 and that the great statesman1 ,mr4 ,gladstone1 would have not only permanently and satisfactorily settled the land question1 put an end to evictions and restored the ,irish soil to the ,irish people1 but would have also carried through ,parliament the changes now at hand1 which would lead to the restoration of an ,irish ,parliament4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,working ,,men4--,new ,york ,sun3 ,never before in the history of labor in this country was it so united1 and1 consequently1 so powerful4 ,its cohesion and unity of action are unexampled in the annals of trade organizations4 ,therefore1 at this1 of all moments1 we say beware6 ,be moderate and be temperate4 ,the true interests of the employer1 if he be wise1 are identical with your interests1 and see to it now that no misuse of victory lead you to change places with the oppressor4 ,,donahoe',s ,,magazine4 ,,boston1 ,,april1 #ahhf4 ,,notes ,,on ,,current ,,topics4 ,,the ,,largest ,,donation ,,yet4--,fifteen thousand people attended two concerts given by ,patrick ,s4 ,gilmore at ,madison ,square ,gardens in aid of the ,parliamentary fund4 ,the two concerts netted #f1jjj4 ,this beats all the ,irish millionnaires of ,new ,york ,city4 ,springfield ,republican3 ,no ,irish patriotic movement before has approached the present one for unity and constancy of purpose1 and it has been due to ,parnell's cold temper and iron resolution1 sustained by his steady success in his own clear-headed plan of advance4 ,,our ,,cardinal4--,lake ,shore ,visitor3 ,the question of the ,cardinalate is settled4 ,if now some of the papers don't openly assert that there is a mistake somewhere the matter will very likely die out4 ,in the meantime everybody seems to be satisfied4 ,cardinal ,gibbons will be an ornament to the ,church as its ,american ,cardinal4 ,,parnell4--,dublin ,freeman's ,journal3 ,if there ever was a time in the history of this country when a leader of the people was entitled to all the confidence that it is possible for the people to repose in him1 that time is the present4 ,confidence in ,mr4 ,parnell has never been misplaced by the inhabitants of this country4 ,he has not only never led them wrong1 but he has1 on the contrary1 surpassed all former ,irish leaders in soundness of judgment and accuracy of prevision4 ,the ,irish people recognize the fact1 and place full confidence in ,mr4 ,parnell4 ,the ,galway incident affords a proof of this1 of which the partisan press of ,england should make a note4 ,,the ,,irish ,,bishops ,,to ,,gladstone4--,the bishops met1 on the #ahth inst41 in ,archbishop ,walsh's residence in ,dublin1 and drew up a statement of their views on the ,irish question1 which they sent to ,mr4 ,gladstone4 ,the bishops say to the ,premier that they consider that the result of the elections has answered ,mr4 ,gladstone's appeal to the ,irish people to speak out4 ,they add that the bishops believe that ,home ,rule would not affect the union or the supremacy of the ,crown1 and urge the suspension of evictions until the land question has been settled4 ,the ,mayor of ,new ,york lectured for the benefit of the ,carney ,hospital1 on ,sunday evening1 ,february #ba4 ,the theatre was crowded1 and the ,mayor delivered a very interesting lecture4 ,the hospital will probably realize some fifteen hundred dollars from the lecture4 ,new ,york ,sun3 ,his ,honor ,mayor ,grace has been to ,boston and has had a magnificent boom there4 ,he made several speeches and impressed the ,bostonians4 ,we have never had a civic magistrate who could beat ,mayor ,grace in speaking4 ,boston always wakes up when a powerful ,new ,yorker goes over there4 ,at the ,recent ,meeting of ,englishmen and ,scotchmen in ,london to form a ,home ,rule ,association1 to assist the cause of ,irish ,home ,rule1 ,lord ,ashburnham took the chair4 ,lord ,clifton1 the son of the ,earl of ,darnley1 spoke of that great statesman1 whom ,i am proud to call a near relation1 my cousin1 ,mr4 ,parnell4 ,the ,irish leader is a cousin of ,lord ,darnley and ,lord ,clifton4 ,the latter's words are remarkable at a time like the present4 ,messrs4 ,m4 ,a4 ,ring ,sons1 dealers in paper stock1 ,boston1 who failed two years ago1 compromised with their creditors in full1 for twenty cents on the dollar1 and continued their business without serious interruption4 ,meeting with fair success1 the firm have voluntarily paid all their merchandise creditors the other eighty cents1 with one exception1 and that will be paid in full at an early date4 ,it is seldom that so honorable a course of action is adopted after parties are released from all legal obligations1 and it reflects credit on the honesty and energy of the young men composing the firm4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,five-,,dollar ,,parliamentary ,,fund4 ,address to the ,liberty-,loving ,people of ,new ,england4 ,to the men and women of ,boston and ,new ,england who love the cause of ,liberty3 ,at a meeting held in ,union ,hall1 ,boston1 on the evening of ,february #af1 the undersigned were appointed an executive committee and empowered to issue an address to the liberty-loving men and women of ,new ,england1 in aid of the five-dollar parliamentary fund voted to be raised at the above meeting to uphold the constitutional efforts of ,charles ,stewart ,parnell and his patriotic coadjutors in the ,british ,house of ,commons1 and their grand struggle for home rule for ,ireland4 ,to the native and adopted citizen alike we appeal1 and earnestly request that in every town and city of ,new ,england immediate action be taken to make this fund a success1 and that the proceeds be sent through one common channel to ,mr4 ,parnell4 ,we hope the fund thus created will prove worthy of ,new ,england1 whose people are largely composed of the ,celtic race1 and that free ,new ,england's tribute to struggling old ,ireland will be such that its example will be followed in other sections of the country4 ,let us make the five-dollar subscription list of ,new ,england to the ,irish parliamentary fund famous in the history of this struggle of the ,irish race4 ,we request that all who sympathize will add their names to the patriotic list1 and that committees similar to that of ,boston be formed in every town4 ,asa ,p4 ,potter1 president of the ,maverick ,national ,bank1 ,col4 ,charles ,h4 ,taylor1 editor of the ,boston ,globe1 and ,j4 ,b4 ,hand1 ,esq41 have been appointed trustees of the fund1 and we request that all moneys collected be sent to ,mr4 ,parnell through them4 ,we further ask that all newspapers in ,new ,england in sympathy with this movement kindly copy this address1 and that those who wish to subscribe shall send their five dollars to the trustees or to either of the undersigned4 ,,hugh ,o',,brien1 ,mayor of ,boston1 ,,edward ,,riley1 ,,john ,e4 ,,fitzgerald1 ,,john ,,boyle ,o',,reilly1 ,,dominick ,,toy1 ,t4 ,m4 ,,bradley1 ,,patrick ,,maguire1 ,,john ,r4 ,,murphy1 ,,john ,,miller1 ,w4 ,w4 ,,doherty1 ,executive ,committee4 ,t4 ,j4 ,,murphy1 ,secretaries4 ,,william ,,ferguson1 99 99 99 99 99 ,,gradually ,,falling ,,into ,,our ,,hands4--,there is not a diocese in the ,union which has not profited by sheriff's sales of ,protestant educational property4 ,the great seminary at ,troy was once a ,methodist college4 ,last month ,archbishop ,ryan bought out a ,protestant college building and gave it over to the ,sisters of the ,good ,shepherd4 ,for thirty-five years it had been the ,alma ,mater of a local ,protestant body4 ,the ,baptist ,college at ,chicago will soon have a cross upon it4 ,so the story goes--,protestantism receding and the ,church making progress on every side4 ,next8 ,many of the school houses4 ,the ,misses ,drexel1 the three daughters of the late ,f4 ,a4 ,drexel1 the ,philadelphia banker1 have purchased two hundred acres near ,bristol upon which they will establish an industrial home and school for orphan boys to be placed under the care of the ,christian ,brothers4 ,another proof has been given1 if proof were wanting1 of the influence which the ,freemasons possess in ministerial circles in ,italy1 by the appointment of the ,cavaliere ,sisca to the post of ,secretary of the ,commission for ,ecclesiastical ,property4 ,this ,sisca is an apostate priest1 who has gone through the form of a civil marriage4 ,the appointment1 therefore1 is one more deliberate insult to the bishops and clergy of ,italy1 and is1 in fact1 one thoroughly worthy in all respects of the usurping government which has made it4 ,the restriction as to the days of the week 7,monday and ,tuesday7 on which priests could heretofore celebrate the two weekly ,requiem ,masses allowed them1 has been abrogated1 and they are now free to suit their convenience as to the days they may prefer to select4 ,the charter of ,brown ,university1 ,providence1 ,r4 ,i41 requires that the president of that institution must forever be of the denomination called ,baptists4 ,forever6 ,there won't be a live ,baptist a hundred years hence4 ,then what will become of that charter1 asks the ,catholic ,union and ,times4 ,during the darkest hours of the ,revolutionary ,war1 when the finances of the ,colonies were at the lowest ebb--when the ,continental troops were actually suffering from the want of necessary food and clothing--the merchants of ,philadelphia displayed one of the noblest acts of patriotism recorded in the annals of ,american history4 ,in ,june1 #aghj1 ninety-three of them subscribed three hundred thousand pounds to support the credit of a bank to be established for furnishing a supply of provisions for the armies of the ,united ,states1 and of these ninety-three subscribers1 twenty-seven were members of the ,friendly ,sons of ,st4 ,patrick1 and these twenty-seven sons of ,ireland contributed one hundred and three thousand pounds--more than one-third of the total amount4 ,among the records of the ,friendly ,sons of ,st4 ,patrick 7now in possession of their successor1 the ,hibernian ,society of ,philadelphia71 is subscribed to its ,by-,laws the autograph signature of ,geo4 ,washington1 an adopted member of the society4 ,,the ,,only ,,men ,,wanted ,,west4--,mr4 ,f4 ,a4 ,carle1 the managing editor of the ,st4 ,paul ,pioneer ,press1 said of the prospects of a young man in the ,west3 ,there is money for the young man who will go out there and 'hustle4' ,those who don't want to do that can get along just as well in the ,east4 ,if you go ,west with energy and perseverance and make up your mind to take what comes during the first few years without making a face at it1 you will do well--much better than here4 ,those are the only kind of people that we want out here4 ,a ,,noble ,,work4--,the ,catholics of ,pittsburgh1 ,penn41 have begun a good work which should be taken up and developed all over the country4 ,they have instituted a ,catholic ,prisoners' ,reform ,association1 the objects of which are to instruct the convicts during their imprisonment1 provide them with good books1 and to assist them to a new start in life when discharged4 ,bishop ,phelan gives his countenance to the new society1 and promises it a chaplain4 ,the ,catholic total abstinence societies are not only doing a good work for the ,irish in ,america1 but they are not wanting in forwarding the welfare of the ,irish in ,ireland4 ,the ,catholic total abstinence societies of ,philadelphia have just raised #h1ejj for the ,irish ,parliamentary fund4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a ,,great ,,university4--,according to the annual statistics just issued1 the ,catholic ,university of ,louvain had a much higher number of students during the academical year just closed 7#ahhd-he7 than ever before--the inscriptions reaching a total of #a1fch1 as against #a1eee in the preceding year4 ,some idea of the rapid growth of the ,alma ,mater may be obtained from the following figures1 showing the number of students registered3 #ahcd-ce 7first year7 #hf #ahdd-de #ggg #ahed-ee #fjj #ahfd-fe #gfd #ahgd-ge #a1afj #ahhd-he #a1fch ,again1 to show the influence which the ,university has had upon the ecclesiastical and professional life of ,belgium1 we may remark that1 since its establishment in #ahcd1 no less than #c1idb candidates have passed through the faculty of theology2 #aj1gdf through that of law2 #i1efc through that of medicine2 #g1djf through that of science2 and #e1gfb through that of philosophy and letters 7our arts74 ,again1 during last year1 the ,alma ,mater gave to ,belgium #di avocats1 #ae notaries1 #dd medical practitioners1 and #ci engineers4 ,nearly all civilized countries are represented among the students2 among the rest three ,english and one ,irish4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a ,protestant ,clergyman1 formerly ,american ,consul at ,amsterdam1 says3 ,during the last thirty years the ,roman ,catholic ,church has been extending its influence in ,holland1 until to-day the ,romanists command nearly one-half of the population1 and have1 to a great extent1 the control of the public schools and of popular elections4 ,the ,perils and sufferings of missionaries in ,manitoba are probably not greater anywhere else in the world4 ,they undergo almost incredible hardships in following the ,indians from place to place 7the only way of gaining a lasting influence over them72 travelling in dog-sleighs or on foot1 their food often consisting of only dried fish unsalted4 ,in past years two were drowned while crossing ice2 their dog train also perished4 ,another missionary was drowned by the upsetting of a skiff in a squall whilst trying to save an ,indian boy1 who was his guide4 ,three priests were also frozen to death in a blizzard on the prairies4 ,,catholic ,,congress4--,an interesting ,congress is to mark next year4 ,the recent ,catholic ,congress of ,normandy appointed a section for ,christian ,apologetics1 and this section has just decided to summon for #ahhg a great ,international ,congress of ,catholic ,savants1 to be held in ,paris4 ,the organizing committee1 nominated at ,rouen1 met for the first time in ,paris on ,december #bhth1 under the ,presidency of ,mgr4 de ,hulst1 ,rector of the ,catholic ,faculty of that city4 ,the committee now consists of twenty-seven members resident in ,paris1 and twenty-eight in the provinces or abroad4 ,among these we may mention the eminent ,bollandist and historian1 ,pere de ,smedt1 ,s4 ,j42 ,professors ,gilbert and de ,harlez1 of the ,university of ,louvain2 ,kurth1 of ,liege2 de ,lapporent and ,duchesne1 of ,paris1 de ,margerie1 of ,lille2 ,valson1 of ,lyons2 ,duilhe de ,st4 ,projet1 of ,toulouse2 de ,nadaillac1 de ,beaucourt1 de l',epinois1 ,paul ,allard1 and many other names illustrious in science1 history1 literature1 and other departments of learning4 ,the work of the ,congress will fall into three divisions3 #a4 ,philosophical and ,social ,sciences2 #b4 ,exact and ,natural ,sciences2 #c4 ,historical ,sciences2 and each division will comprehend five sections4 ,the ,president will shortly issue a circular describing in detail the organization and plan of work1 and inviting all the ,catholic savants of ,europe to participate in the preliminary labors1 principally by the drawing up of memoirs1 and fixing the actual state of science in regard to the various questions affecting ,christian ,faith4 ,,high ,,and ,,low ,,license4--,city ,collector ,onahan1 of ,chicago1 in connection with his annual report to the city council1 has prepared an analytical table showing the amount of revenue derived from licenses of all descriptions from #ahgi to #ahhe inclusive4 ,the increase is something extraordinary being over one and one-half million dollars for the six years2 the exact figures being1 for #ahgi1 #bad1bah2 and for #ahhe1 #a1iaf1hbj4 ,a careful examination of the table shows that this immense increase is due entirely to the increase in the saloon license rate of ,chicago1 which is now #ejj4 ,in #ahhc1 with low license1 there were #c1ggg saloons in the city1 and the revenue derived from them amounted to only #che1hfd2 while with high license in #ahhe there are only #c1jge saloons1 yielding #a1gba1dgd annually4 ,this report of ,collector ,onahan's is one of the most forcible arguments in favor of high license that it is possible to make1 and deserves the earnest attention of all thoughtful citizens4 ,the ,corsicans are not contented with the glory of having given the world one great man1 ,napoleon2 they are now claiming--and according to the ,figaro1 have established their claim--no less a personage than ,christopher ,columbus4 ,abate ,casanova had already endeavored to prove that the ,father of the ,new ,world was born at ,calvi1 in the northwest corner of the island2 and only last year a hot controversy raged on the subject4 ,the ,corsicans believe they have carried their point1 and ,calvi intends to celebrate with unusual solemnity the fourth centenary of her illustrious son's first voyage 7#adib74 ,,tight ,,lacing4--,the great naturalist1 ,cuvier1 was walking one day with a young lady1 who was a victim of tight lacing1 in a public garden in ,paris4 ,a lovely blossom upon an elegant plant drew from her an expression of admiration4 ,looking at her pale1 thin face1 ,cuvier said3 ,you were like this flower once3 to-morrow it will be as you are now4 ,next day he led her to the same spot and the beautiful flower was dying4 ,she asked the cause4 ,this plant1 replied ,cuvier1 is an image of yourself4 ,i will show you what is the matter with it4 ,he pointed to a cord bound tightly around the stem and said3 ,you are fading away exactly in the same manner under the compression of your corsets1 and you are losing by degrees all your youthful charms1 just because you have not the courage to resist this dangerous fashion4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the ,christian ,brothers have opened a school at ,portland1 ,oregon4 ,the ,brothers are to take charge of ,st4 ,michael's ,college in that city4 ,reverend ,brother ,aldrich of ,mary1 of ,sacred ,heart ,college1 has been appointed ,director2 ,rev4 ,brother ,bertram1 of ,st4 ,joseph's ,academy1 ,oakland1 ,sub-,director2 and ,rev4 ,brother ,yvasian ,michael1 of ,martinez1 ,assistant4 ,thank ,god1 the light of ,christian education is spreading6 ,the aggregate number of pupils under direction of the ,brothers on the ,pacific coast1 including those at ,st4 ,mary's and the ,sacred ,heart colleges1 and ,st4 ,peter's ,day ,school1 in ,san ,francisco1 ,st4 ,joseph's ,academy and three parochial schools in ,oakland1 and the ,sacramento ,institute1 at the capital1 is #a1ife4 ,the number at ,st4 ,michael's college will add nearly two hundred more to this phalanx of ,catholic youth4 99 99 99 99 99 ,o',,gladstone4--,philadelphia ,press3 ,if the ,grand ,old ,man keeps on his present course a little while longer1 we shall insist upon being permitted to call him ,mr4 ,o',gladstone4 ,,father ,,tom4--,the mother of the late ,fr4 ,burke did not spare the rod in the management of her son4 ,mrs4 ,burke1 before applying her cane1 recited a particular prayer1 and it is perhaps venial to recur to it1 at least once1 in writing the life of a man who himself in after life continually harped upon it4 ,this collect--better known as ,prevent1 ,o ,lord--entered into some prayers which ,dominicans repeat before ,mass4 ,father ,burke said at ,tallaght1 with his usual humor1 that he never heard it recited without feeling a cold thrill between his shoulders4 ,mrs4 ,burke would kneel down and command ,nicholas to repeat after her the words of this collect4444 ,he would even smile through his tears like a sunbeam in showers1 and while ,mrs4 ,burke sonorously repeated1 ,prevent1 ,o ,lord1 we beseech ,thee all our actions1 he would pray in another sense1 ,prevent1 ,o ,lord2 but as he often told his brother priests1 it never did prevent1 and the lash continued to fall4 99 99 99 99 99 ,parliamentary ,fund4 ,a grand scheme was inaugurated at a recent meeting of the friends of ,ireland in ,boston4 ,it is to raise several hundred thousand dollars by a popular subscription of five dollars each4 ,this amount will not distress any friend of the good cause1 and it will enable ,mr4 ,parnell to carry on the work of the redemption of ,ireland to final success4 ,so far1 the fives are pouring into the committee4 ,several hundreds have already been received4 ,mr4 ,donahoe will cheerfully hand in any subscriptions intrusted to him to the treasurer4 ,the subscription is not confined to any part of the country1 but friends of ,ireland everywhere are asked to contribute4 ,now is the time to strengthen the hands of ,parnell and his patriotic band of lieutenants4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,jubilee ,,fast4--,on account of the difficulty in preparing food in accordance with the rules of the black fast prescribed by the ,jubilee1 the ,holy ,father1 by a decree of ,january #aeth1 #ahhf1 empowers ,ordinaries to dispense the faithful in the aforesaid fast1 so that they may use eggs and white meats1 though bound to observe in all else the laws of fasting4 ,when this dispensation is granted by the bishop of any diocese1 the use of flesh meat is forbidden2 but butter1 milk1 eggs1 cheese1 may be used on the days on which the fast is made to gain the indulgence of the ,jubilee4 99 99 99 99 99 ,welsh ,lying4 ,at ,bangor ,county ,court recently1 the ,judge1 during the hearing of an action1 said3--,i must observe that there is hardly a single case heard in this court in which there is not deliberate perjury committed4 ,look at the last case--look at this frightful lying4 ,i do not meet with such a state of things out of ,wales4 ,other people have said this thing before1 but hitherto ,i have kept quiet4 ,during my whole life ,i have heard nothing to approach what it is in this part of the world4 ,there is not a case heard in which people do not think it necessary to lie4 ,it is most demoralizing4 ,i do not think it is in human nature to stand many years of it4 ,i have had my turn of it4 ,i appeal to every disinterested person to give his opinion as to what the feature of the country is4 ,i can try in ,cheshire ten cases while ,i try one here1 because in ,cheshire they do not lie4 ,it is worth while to remark that ,wales is the most inveterately dissenting place in ,great ,britain1 and the most difficult to convert4 ,evidently history must be rewritten bit by bit4 ,we always thought it was only ,papists and ,irishmen who did not know there was any obligation to speak the truth4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the ,high ,license ,bill1 now pending in the ,new ,york ,legislature1 provides a fee of #a1jjj for distilled spirits in cities of #bjj1jjj people or over1 and a fee of #ejj for beer4 ,the ,total ,population of ,canada is #d1cbd1haj4 ,of this #a1bii1afa are ,french1 #ieg1djc ,irish1 making together #b1bef1efd1 and there are of ,english1 ,scotch and ,welsh1 #a1eib1fjd4 ,the whole purely ,english population amounts to only about #hhb1hid4 ,indians1 ,germans and other nationalities make up #dge1jjj4 ,it is thus seen that the ,irish and ,french combined are in a clear majority over all other races4 ,they are apt to maintain this lead4 ,the ,catholic population of ,canada is #b1afh1gdh1 or a little more than a majority4 ,some one once spoke of ,col4 ,burke as ,father ,tom's cousin4 ,he is no relation of mine1 said the friar4 ,my people had no military title beyond corporal4 ,my father was a well 'bread' man and had the civil title of 'master of the roll4' ,,no ,,old ,,maids4--,one never hears of an old maid in ,mexico1 and to remain forever unmarried entails upon the luckless spinster no such stigma of reproach as the epithet so common in our country2 but if her lonely condition is alluded to at all1 they good-naturedly say of her that she is hard to please4 ,the aged are universally treated with the greatest respect and every mark of deference4 ,it is considered more courteous to address even elderly married ladies as ,senorita 7,miss7 instead of ,senora 7,mrs47 and the lady of the house is always affectionately called by her servants la nina 7the little girl71 though she may have attained the mature age of #hj4 ,beggars upon the streets and venders in the market places address all ladies1 young and old1 as ninas--children2 or1 when particularly importunate1 by the more respectful and endearing term1 ninita--dear little girl4 ,,the ,,man ,,for ,,galway4--,capt4 ,william ,o',shea1 selected by ,mr4 ,parnell as the ,home ,rule candidate for ,galway ,city1 was triumphantly elected4 ,o',shea contested one of the ,liverpool divisions as a ,liberal at the general election4 ,he was supported by ,gladstone and also by ,parnell1 but was defeated by a majority of ninety4 ,he has somewhat of a history4 ,he is said to be a strikingly handsome man4 ,when an army captain he married one of the daughters of ,lord ,hatherly1 a former ,lord ,chancellor of ,england4 ,he made some indiscreet financial investments and lost his fortune1 and lately has figured as promoter of colonial and insurance companies4 ,it was he that negotiated the famous ,kilmainham treaty between ,parnell and ,gladstone4 ,he is a very useful man at this time1 no doubt4 ,his usefulness will be enhanced by his having a seat in ,parliament4 ,he will be the diplomat of the ,irish party4 99 99 99 99 99 ,active ,parnellites4 ,the ,irish party will hold a meeting at the ,cannon ,street ,hotel1 ,london1 on ,st4 ,patrick's ,day4 ,mr4 ,parnell will preside4 ,the object of the meeting will be to issue to ,england the ultimatum of the ,irish concerning ,home ,rule4 ,as the date selected for this event precedes by but five days the #bb;d of ,march1 the date set by ,mr4 ,gladstone for the commencement of the government's work on ,irish legislation1 it is believed that the ,nationalist leader means to force a crisis on the ,home ,rule question4 ,mr4 ,parnell has also arranged to have his party hold fifty meetings throughout ,ireland simultaneously with the one he will preside over4 ,the ultimatum will also be announced at these meetings4 99 99 99 99 99 ,gen4 ,w4 ,t4 ,mc,mahon1 of ,new ,york ,city1 will lecture in ,tremont ,temple on the evening of ,st4 ,patrick's ,day1 for the benefit of ,father ,roche's ,working ,boys' ,home1 now drawing to completion in ,bennett ,street4 ,,what ,,two ,,judges ,,say4--,worth noting at the present moment are the addresses delivered by two ,county ,court ,judges1 ,judge ,waters in ,waterford1 and ,judge ,darley in ,wexford4 ,in the latter place ,judge ,darley told the ,grand ,jury that ,wexford was the last of six towns he had presided in1 and in every one of them the list of criminal cases was the lightest he ever remembered2 while ,judge ,waters stated that for the entire county of ,waterford there had been during the past six months only seven criminal cases4 ,he added3--,i also administer the criminal law in ,cavan and in ,leitrim4 ,in ,cavan1 which is more populous than ,waterford1 there was at the recent sessions only one case of rescue1 which should not have been sent forward at all4 ,in all ,leitrim ,i had only three cases1 two of petty larceny1 and the third a trivial assault arising out of a dispute between two boys over a game4 ,that was the amount of crime ,i had to dispose of in these counties in three different provinces representing a population of about three hundred and thirty thousand souls4 ,on the face of the globe1 ,i may safely say1 ,i do not think that there is any country that could show a record similar to that ,i have just laid before you1 which is1 as ,i have said1 in every way a remarkable one4 ,,the ,,knights ,,of ,,labor4--,the ,knights of ,labor do themselves great credit in refusing to draw the color line in their organizations4 ,the negroes in the employ of the ,mallory ,steamship ,company1 who were opposed by the ,texas knights1 might1 it would seem1 have become knights if they had wished4 ,the only disqualifications for membership in the ,knights of ,labor are those laid down in article ,i1 section #c of their constitution--a clause which is so interesting that we give it entire3--,no person who either sells or makes a living1 or any part of it1 by the sale of intoxicating drink1 either as manufacturer1 dealer or agent1 or through any member of his family1 can be admitted to membership in the order2 and no lawyer1 banker1 professional gambler or stock broker can be admitted4 ,a ,,rebellion ,,incident4--,during the ,rebellion ,major ,burke of ,new ,orleans was in command of a detachment that captured a part of the ,sixth ,massachusetts ,regiment4 ,he treated the prisoners as kindly as the circumstances would permit1 and parted from many of them with expressions of courtesy and regret4 ,years passed and he heard not a word from any of them4 ,but at the time of the great flood1 when the whole of ,southern ,louisiana lay prostrate and helpless under the sweep of turbulent waters1 ,major ,burke1 as chairman of the ,relief ,committee1 received one day a dispatch from ,boston authorizing him to draw at sight for #aj1jjj4 ,this was one of the earliest responses to the pitiful cry that had gone up from a stricken community for help1 and it touched and encouraged the ,major and his associates4 ,two hours later came another dispatch from ,boston authorizing the committee to draw for another #aj1jjj1 and in a few hours came a third dispatch donating another #aj1jjj4 ,with these dispatches1 or in some way to connect the statement with them1 came the flash from ,boston1 ,the ,sixth ,massachusetts remembers the kindness of ,major ,burke4 ,,our ,,colored ,,brethren4--,congressman ,o',hara1 of ,north ,carolina1 is a member of the coterie of educated colored men in ,washington2 but singularly enough he and his wife are ,catholics and attend ,st4 ,augustine's ,church4 ,mrs4 ,o',hara is one of the loveliest ladies in ,washington1 and were it not for the slight trace of negro blood in her veins she would be a leader in white society4 ,like ,mrs4 ,bruce1 who is also beautiful1 she is a highly educated and accomplished woman1 speaks ,french1 plays ,beethoven1 paints pictures1 and is up in art and literature to a degree that would make some of her white sisters blush for envy4 ,both ,mrs4 ,bruce and ,mrs4 ,o',hara are very nearly white1 and it would be difficult for a stranger to detect their relation to the ,african race4 ,mrs4 ,o',hara has a white governess for her children1 and intends that they shall be as accomplished as herself4 ,these people have their own society1 give balls1 dinner parties1 receptions and other entertainments4 ,,parliamentary ,,fund4--,at the meeting of the ,irish ,parliamentary ,association at the ,hoffman ,house1 ,new ,york1 ,banker ,eugene ,kelly stated that the fund was in need of no more money at present4 ,when the books are all in1 it is expected that the fund will amount to about seventy thousand dollars4 ,mr4 ,kelly stated that while the association had all the money it needed now1 the time might come when its services would again be required4 ,the association1 after winding up its present affairs1 will not be dissolved1 but will simply adjourn to meet at the call of the chairman4 ,,the ,,centenary ,,of ,,christopher ,,columbus4--,corsica is preparing to celebrate on a grand scale the fourth centenary of the death of ,christopher ,columbus4 ,it was at ,calvi1 in ,corsica1 that the illustrious navigator was born in #adda1 as has been proved by the ,abbe ,cuzanova1 after considerable research4 ,the ,genoese governor at ,calvi1 he says1 struck with the precocious intellect of the child1 sent him to ,genoa4 ,at fourteen1 he evinced a decided taste for a sea-faring life4 ,he was accordingly sent to the ,university of ,pavia1 where he learned geography1 cosmography1 geometry1 astronomy1 and the nautical sciences4 ,in #adgj1 we find him at ,lisbon2 in #adgg in ,iceland2 five years later he embarked at ,palos1 on the celebrated voyage which ended in the discovery of ,america4 ,the great navigator1 we are told1 spoke of ,corsica1 which he called his native island1 in the narratives of his adventures at sea1 and to which he made some touching allusions4 ,,catholic ,,university4--,two-thirds of the money necessary to start the ,catholic ,university has already been raised4 ,,socialism4--,mr4 ,hyndman1 the guiding spirit of the ,social ,democratic ,federation1 has hitherto had a considerable amount of public attention paid to the theories he has advanced4 ,no matter how jejune and impracticable his views might have been when closely examined1 he has endeavored to explain them with some show of reason1 and accordingly influential politicians have treated him as a man who might be led by the force of logic to abandon ,utopian schemes4 ,mr4 ,hyndman1 so far from being convinced that he has been treading a dangerous path1 has taken a further stride in the direction to which it tends4 ,within the course of some days past two meetings of the unemployed1 largely promoted by the ,social ,democratic ,federation1 have been held in ,london1 and at each the doctrine of force was freely spoken of as the only remedy for the poverty-stricken4 ,mr4 ,hyndman1 at the first gathering1 gave the keynote to his associates and followers4 ,all we see1 said he1 is the employer and the employed1 the wealthy and the destitute1 the robber and the robbed4 ,he openly proclaimed himself the advocate of a revolution1 for which he urged the unemployed to prepare quickly4 ,the bishops of ,australia have petitioned the ,holy ,see to declare ,st4 ,patrick's ,day a holyday of obligation4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the ,orangemen in #agih4 ,the ,orangemen were now on hand to follow up the vanquished1 whom they valiantly slaughtered without mercy--this being always their well chosen avocation in war1 for the grim fraternity were never soldiers to fight on equal terms4 ,a regiment of them raised from ,bandon ,orangemen1 and known as the ,north ,cork1 became notorious for the ingenious tortures they inflicted on those who fell into their hands4 ,this regiment was in ,castlebar when the few ,frenchmen that landed under ,gen4 ,humbert advanced on that town4 ,there were six thousand ,british troops in ,castlebar at the time1 including the ,north ,cork1 when1 according to the historian ,plowden1 ,humbert attacked it with nine hundred ,frenchmen and fifteen hundred of the ,mayo peasantry1 making twenty-four hundred in all2 and these1 it is an historic fact1 drove the six thousand out of the town like so many sheep4 ,the ,north ,cork1 true to their fighting qualities1 gallantly ran away1 never halting till they reached ,tuam1 forty miles from the scene of action1 and yet1 for further safety1 started for ,athlone4 ,this incident is still remembered as the ,castlebar races4 ,these runaways were part of the army that ,gen4 ,abercrombie declared dangerous to everybody but an armed foe2 and well they proved the truth of this saying4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,president ,,egan4--,at the ,national ,convention of the ,irish ,national ,league of ,america1 in ,boston1 a resolution was unanimously passed directing that a sum of #c1jjj shall be annually appropriated out of the funds of the ,league to indemnify the ,president of the ,league for his time and services in the interest of the cause4 ,mr4 ,egan1 when elected ,president1 informed the committee of his intention not to accept any compensation for his services2 but notwithstanding this the ,national ,executive ,committee of the ,league1 at their recent meeting in ,chicago1 insisted on voting the #c1jjj due under the resolution up to ,august last1 and directed the ,treasurer to remit the same to the ,president4 ,the check for the amount reached ,mr4 ,egan on the #abth inst41 and he at once indorsed it back to ,rev4 ,dr4 ,o',reilly1 the ,treasurer1 as his personal contribution to the ,league funds4 99 99 99 99 99 ,parnell and ,healy4 ,milwaukee ,catholic ,citizen3--,the ,english press for some time has been holding up ,t4 ,m4 ,healy as a rival to ,parnell4 ,the ,english are quick to sow seeds of dissension and to hammer in wedges of discord wherever there is opportunity4 ,this was done in ,davitt's case1 but it availed nothing4 ,the ,irish ranks remained unbroken4 ,the ,galway episode1 where ,messrs4 ,healy and ,biggar1 with the support of a dozen ,irish members1 sought to defeat ,capt4 ,o',shea1 ,parnell's nominee for a vacant seat1 indicates that the ,english scent for divida et impera has been keen4 ,the episode ended happily by the withdrawal of ,mr4 ,lynch1 the contra-,parnell candidate1 but it leaves an unpleasant impression4 ,the old guard are with ,parnell1 ,biggar alone 7and strangely7 excepted4 ,healy seems to have regretted his course when across the ,rubicon4 ,so far as leadership goes1 he merely furnished an occasion for ,parnell to demonstrate his superior qualities of management in a brilliant manner4 ,healy is too serviceable a man to lose from the ,irish ranks1 yet his retention at the price of disunion is not to be contemplated4 99 99 99 99 99 ,great ,temperance ,gathering4 ,there was a great demonstration of the ,catholic ,total ,abstinence ,societies of ,suffolk ,county 7,boston7 at ,tremont ,temple1 on the evening of ,january #ae1 to hear the ,rev4 ,joseph ,b4 ,cotter1 of ,minnesota1 who has been appointed ,union lecturer by the ,catholic ,total ,abstinence ,union of ,america4 ,mr4 ,p4 ,j4 ,guerin presented as the presiding officer of the evening the ,rev4 ,e4 ,v4 ,boursaud1 ,s4 ,j41 ,president of ,boston ,college1 who congratulated the societies represented upon the large numbers present and the brilliant outlook for the temperance cause as thus indicated4 ,he spoke of the vice of intemperance as one to kill both body and soul4 ,the temperance cause was one of the highest that commanded the attention and interest of men4 ,father ,cotter received an ovation of applause4 ,he delivered an eloquent address on temperance1 and said that the great apostle of temperance in ,america1 ,bishop ,ireland1 of ,st4 ,paul1 was likely soon to speak in ,boston4 ,the lecture was able and argumentative as well as pathetic1 and strongly patriotic4 ,at the conclusion the pledge was given to a great number of people4 ,father ,cotter is in excellent health and may well be styled the ,apostle of ,temperance in ,america4 ,since ,september last ,rev4 ,j4 ,b4 ,cotter has administered the pledge to nine thousand persons4 ,bishop ,ireland was recently asked1 ,what was the ,pope's action on the temperance decrees of the ,plenary ,council8--,they were indorsed entirely1 replied the bishop4 ,the ,church from this time places itself on the highest ground on the temperance question4 ,the council took an extremely strong stand on the closing of saloons on ,sunday1 indirectly putting the ban on the whole liquor traffic by stating1 in these words1 that ',catholics engaged in it should seek a more honorable mode of gaining a livelihood4' ,it condemned selling liquor to minors and habitual drunkards1 and proclaims against blasphemy and improper language in saloons4 ,it forbids the sale of liquor1 beer1 and wine in any connection with the interests of the ,church4 ,it solemnly approves of total abstinence societies1 and requests pastors to encourage them4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,paulists ,,in ,,south ,,america4--,rev4 ,edmund ,hill1 now associated with the ,rev4 ,father ,fidelis 7,dr4 ,kent ,stone7 in the ,passionist monastery at ,buenos ,ayres1 had the happiness of seeing his brother1 ,percival ,g4 ,hill1 received into the ,church in that city4 ,father ,hill was formerly a member of the ,paulist community in ,new ,york city4 ,recently the ,passionists ,fathers opened their new monastery in ,calle ,cariaod1 ,buenos ,ayres4 ,they have now in ,south ,america a retreat which will stand comparison with the houses of their ,north ,american province1 and is worthy to be numbered with those they possess in ,italy1 ,france1 ,spain1 ,belgium1 ,england and ,ireland4 ,rev4 ,james ,keegan1 of ,st4 ,louis1 ,mo41 in a late article in the ,western ,watchman1 says of the peasant dwellers among the hills of ,connaught3 ,they have a higher civilization than perhaps any ,teutonic people can ever attain4 ,yet they live in mud-wall1 clay floor cabins1 and many of them even out of doors--being evicted4 ,how is their civilization higher8 ,they live continually in the presence of ,god1 realizing this fact as no other people do2 so they enjoy the best of company2 they act up to the spirit of ,catholicity better than any other people1 and so have the best code of manners in the world2 they are a most polite and chivalrous people1 never offending strangers by word or deed1 if the strangers behave properly4 ,they have a most beautiful and refined national music and poetry1 which all know and thoroughly appreciate2 they are all poets1 inasmuch as they perceive and enjoy the poetry of nature as no other people but the old ,athenians ever did4 99 99 99 99 99 ,mothers and ,daughters4 ,the ,london ,tablet has a lengthy review of ,most ,rev4 ,archbishop ,o',brien's book1 ,after ,weary ,hours1 from which we make the following extract3 ,after describing ,st4 ,agnes1 and her short but brilliant career1 he sets her before us as a model worthy of our imitation1 though he expresses some doubt as to whether her example will be likely to excite much emulation among young ladies of these days4 ,among modern young ladies whose sense of womanly delicacy is not startled by being frequently1 and for long hours1 alone with that most useless and uninteresting of the human species1 a moon-struck lover4444 ,young ladies who have had day dreams of matrimony while yet in short clothes4 ,while on this topic we may as well give the reader the benefit of the following remarks1 which the ,archbishop makes a little further on1 and which1 we regret to say1 are almost as applicable in ,england as in ,america4 ,how many young ,catholic girls and boys hang entranced over a filthy tale--love tale4 ,they experience no sense of shame in reading vile books1 or in flaunting in a ball-room where youthful charms are as really prostituted as in any den of iniquity1 and where even aged women expose their scraggy necks and freckled shoulders to the unspeakable disgust of all right-thinking men4444 ,it is true that custom may excuse certain modes of dress not openly immodest2 but no custom can excuse certain ball-room toilets2 and no girl ever appeared for the first time in one of these diabolically suggested dresses without experiencing a thrill of shame1 and showing a conscious flush of outraged modesty4 ,let ,catholic mothers take these words to heart1 and when bringing out their daughters or chaperoning them to balls and parties1 let them show an example more worthy of that ,virgin ,immaculate whom they profess to imitate then at present contains4 99 99 99 99 99 ,mgr4 ,healey1 ,bishop of ,portland1 ,me41 was received in private audience by his ,holiness the ,pope1 recently4 ,padre ,protasi1 ,s4 ,j41 is dead4 ,his name is well known in ,piedmont4 ,when the ,jesuits were attacked in #ahdh1 and in #ahfj1 he was cast into prison4 ,cavour sought him1 and asked him to reveal the secrets of ,jesuitism4 ,he replied that the ,spiritual ,exercises contained all their secrets4 ,in #ahff he was again arrested1 and exiled to ,elba4 ,his end was tranquil1 and amidst his brethren he passed away4 99 99 99 99 99 ,new ,carpet ,warehouse4 ,messrs4 ,thomas ,o',callaghan and ,lucius ,howard1 both of whom were recently connected with one of the largest carpet houses in the city1 composing the firm of ,thomas ,o',callaghan ,co41 are showing a very fine line of carpetings1 rugs1 mats1 etc41 at their store1 #fja ,washington ,street4 ,since their opening day1 the store has been visited by a large crowd of buyers1 attracted by the bargains offered and the novelty of their carpet designs4 ,in moquettes and draperies they are carrying a large line of entirely new patterns1 designed expressly for them4 ,among the things sought by the purchasers are a fine lot of ,smyrna rugs1 reduced from #e and #f to #b4ij4 ,several hundred of these were sold on the opening day4 ,linoleum floor matting1 manufactured from cork shavings and other materials1 and destined to be widely used when its merits become more generally known1 is kept in stock4 ,it is very soft1 and comfortable for the feet1 but very durable4 ,the firm also shows a large and desirable line of oil cloths4 ,it is proposed by ,mr4 ,o',callaghan to extend his quarters to the store adjoining1 now occupied by a crockery firm1 as soon as their lease expires1 thus making very large and convenient warerooms4 ,give the new firm an early call4 99 99 99 99 99 ,pope ,leo ,,xiii4 celebrated the seventy-sixth anniversary of his birthday and the eighth of his coronation on the #b;d of ,march1 by an address to the members of the ,sacred ,congregation4 ,the late ,dr4 ,hyndman left behind him the best mixture for coughs1 colds1 and consumption1 to be had in the country4 ,dr4 ,p4 ,morris is the only sure manufacturer of the article in this city4 ,all others are spurious4 ,the doctor can be found opposite the ,cathedral of the ,holy ,cross4 99 99 99 99 99 ,gen4 ,hancock and the ,irish ,brigade4 ,in our next issue we will give an article on the late ,gen4 ,hancock and his relations with the ,irish ,brigade4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,riel4--,in his annual report on ,indian affairs1 ,sir ,john ,macdonald asserts that the recent uprising in the ,northwest was due to specious inducements held out to the ,indians by ,riel1 and argues that the half-breed leader was responsible for the whole trouble4 ,the expenditures in the field and for transport services were nearly #d1jjj1jjj4 99 99 99 99 99 ,montgomery ,light ,guard ,veteran ,association4 ,this spirited organization celebrated its twenty-first anniversary on the #beth of ,february1 at the ,quincy ,house4 ,it was one of the most enjoyable banquets that we have attended for a long time4 ,capt4 ,thomas ,f4 ,doherty presided1 and performed the duties of the chair to the satisfaction of all4 ,the association numbers one hundred and fifty of as fine fellows as ever handled a knife and fork4 ,speeches1 songs1 etc41 occupied the attention of the evening to a late hour4 ,a uniform is being prepared for the members1 and we may expect a parade of this ,veteran ,association the coming season4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,returns ,,to ,,his ,,first ,,love4--,the good tidings have been received of the return to the faith of ,professor ,benedict ,pollio1 of ,naples1 who1 for the past thirteen years1 has been one of the pillars of the ,italian ,evangelical ,methodist sect1 and has become notorious as the author of a blasphemous pamphlet against our ,blessed ,lady4 ,he now publicly abjures and retracts his errors and writings1 and humbly craves re-admission into the ,church4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,music4 ,from ,white1 ,smith ,co4 ,vocal3 ,peasant's ,wooing1 ,song1 by ,koschat4 ,love's ,dream is ,past1 ,duet1 words by ,f4 ,n4 ,scott1 melody by ,ascher4 ,only a ,face in the ,moonlight1 by ,chas4 ,h4 ,gabriel4 ,moonlight on the ,rhine1 ,duettino1 words by ,eleanor ,darby1 music by ,w4 ,newland4 ,no ,home ,like a ,mother's1 by ,jno4 ,f4 ,leonard4 ,evening ,bells1 trio for female voices by ,gabriel4 ,how ,long ,wilt ,thou ,forget ,me1 ,o ,lord1 ,quartette and ,chorus by ,carl ,pflueger4 ,consider the ,lilies1 ,solo and ,chorus1 by ,w4 ,a4 ,springer4 ,instrumental3 ,sleep1 my ,angel1 ,nocturne by ,wachtmann4 ,sang ,froid1 by ,beaumont4 ,romance1 for pianoforte by ,helen ,hopekirk4 ,angelo ,waltzes1 by ,a4 ,czibulka4 ,la ,bella ,amazone1 by ,lolschorn4 ,movement a la ,pavane1 by ,calixa ,lavallee4 ,gavotte in ,g4 ,minor1 by ,bach4 ,no4 #a1 ,valse de ,salon1 by ,calixa ,lavallee4 ,whitsuntide in ,florence1 ,potpourri by ,c4 ,d4 ,blake4 ,valse ,brilliante1 by ,lysberg4 ,mandolin et ,castagnettes1 ,valse ,mexicaine1 by ,l4 ,meyer4 ,hearts ,first ,love1 by ,eilenberge4 ,nightfall in the ,forest1 ,fantasia de ,concert1 by ,a4 ,w4 ,holt4 ,chole1 ,danse ,africaine1 by ,geo4 ,c4 ,dobson4 ,mystere1 for piano1 by ,byron ,c4 ,tapley4 ,alpine ,horn1 ,transcription by ,h4 ,schirmer4 ,whitsuntide in ,florence1 by ,a4 ,czibulka4 ,piano score of opera4 ,r4 ,a4 ,saalfield1 #ab ,bible ,house1 ,n4 ,y4 ,little ,ah ,sid1 ,chinese song and dance1 by ,j4 ,p4 ,skelly4 ,mikado ,waltz1 by ,bucalossi4 ,mary1 ,darling1 ,must you ,leave ,me1 words by ,j4 ,b4 ,ferguson1 music by ,h4 ,p4 ,danks4 99 99 99 99 99 ,archbishop ,gibbons of ,baltimore was in ,washington lately1 and went over the grounds that have been selected as the site of the ,national ,catholic ,university1 which the recent ,plenary ,council decided to establish4 ,it is still uncertain when the work on the building will be begun2 but there is a general understanding as to some of the persons who will compose the faculty4 ,it is practically settled that ,bishop ,spalding1 of ,peoria1 ,ill41 will be the rector1 and it was long ago decided that ,dr4 ,chapelle1 pastor of ,st4 ,matthew's ,church in that city1 should be professor of history4 ,,personal4 ,the ,marquis of ,ripon and ,mr4 ,russell1 ,q4 ,c41 are the first ,catholics who have held the posts of ,first ,lord of the ,admiralty and of ,attorney-,general4 ,charles ,russell1 ,esq41 ,attorney-,general for ,ireland1 is the brother of the ,rev4 ,mathew ,russell1 ,s4 ,j41 editor of that excellent and popular magazine1 the ,irish ,monthly1 and is married to a sister of ,rosa ,mulholland1 the gifted ,irish poet and novelist4 ,right ,rev4 ,thomas ,a4 ,becker1 ,bishop of the diocese of ,wilmington1 ,del41 has been transferred to the vacant ,see of ,savannah1 ,ga4 ,bishop ,becker was consecrated on ,august #af1 #ahfh1 having previously taught in the ,college of ,mount ,st4 ,mary's1 at ,emmittsburg1 ,md4 ,he is distinguished for his skill as a linguist1 being a master of more than half the modern languages of ,europe4 ,he is about #ej years of age4 ,president ,cleveland has expressed himself emphatically in favor of the enforcement of the eight-hour law in the government departments4 ,he is reported to have said1 with reference to the subject1 that it ill became a government to evade the spirit and the letter of its own enactments4 ,the ,right ,rev4 ,stephen ,v4 ,ryan1 ,bishop of ,buffalo1 has gone on a health visit to ,florida4 ,there is not1 probably1 in the whole ,united ,states1 a more beloved bishop1 than this modest1 hard working and most heavenly-minded spiritual father4 ,despite the heavy cares of an extensive diocese1 ,bishop ,ryan has found time to make some valuable contributions to doctrinal and ascetic literature4 ,his great work1 ,the ,apostolic ,succession1 which has gone through several editions1 is a standard authority on that important question4 ,bishop ,ryan is a ,pennsylvanian 7,canadian by birth71 of direct ,irish descent2 of a family whose very name is a synonym of piety and patriotism4 ,before he was made bishop1 he was a prominent member of the ,congregation of the ,vincentians1 better known in ,america as the ,lazarist ,fathers4 ,the ,venerable ,rector of the ,irish ,college at ,rome1 celebrated1 on ,new ,year's ,day1 his #hfth birthday4 ,high ,mass was pontificated in the ,church of ,st4 ,agatha1 attached to the college1 by the ,archbishop of ,cincinnati1 ,u4 ,s4 ,a41 after which ,bishop ,kirby entertained at dinner ,cardinal ,howard1 the ,archbishop of ,cincinnati1 the ,bishops of ,galloway1 ,argyll and the ,isles1 and ,davenport1 ,u4 ,s4 ,a41 ,mgr4 ,stonor1 ,abbot ,smith1 ,o4 ,s4 ,b41 the ,rectors of the ,foreign ,colleges1 the ,priors of the ,national ,institutes1 the ,very ,rev4 ,father ,lockhart1 ,mgr4 ,o',bryen1 and several other dignitaries4 ,the ,holy ,father sent his congratulations and apostolic benediction1 in honor of this anniversary of his old and highly valued friend4 ,the veteran leader of the ,centre ,party in ,germany1 ,dr4 ,windthorst1 has completed his seventy-fourth year4 ,like so many aged ,ministers and leaders of political parties1 the little excellency is as full of energy and strength as the youngest of his followers4 ,we heartily join our fellow ,catholics in ,germany in wishing their distinguished chief many years of health and strength in which to continue to labor for the good cause4 ,the ,rev4 ,dr4 ,ullathorne1 ,lord ,bishop of ,birmingham1 ,england1 will enter his eightieth year on the #gth of ,may next1 and we find it suggested in a ,sydney contemporary that his work as a pioneer ,australian priest should be commemorated on that occasion by a presentation from the ,catholics of ,australia4 ,in an address his ,eminence ,cardinal ,moran describes his ,lordship as the living link of the present with the past4 ,the ,rev4 ,james ,keegan1 of ,st4 ,louis1 ,mo41 is a contributor of graceful poems and interesting prose sketches to ,,donahoe',s ,,magazine1 ,the ,current and other publications4 ,he is also an enthusiast in the movement for the study of the ,irish language1 and is well versed in the ancient literature of ,ireland4 ,at a late meeting of the council of the ,gaelic ,union1 in ,dublin1 ,mr4 ,john ,fleming1 editor of the ,gaelic ,journal1 presiding1 a letter from ,father ,keegan was read1 in which he remitted #e1 and promised to contribute the same sum monthly1 and challenged all ,irish clergymen1 lawyers and other professional men1 who take any interest in their native country1 to contribute towards the journal fund initiated by him4 ,,notices ,,of ,,recent ,,publications4 ,thomas ,b4 ,noonan ,co41 ,boston4 ,,catholic ,,directory ,,for ,,the ,,archdiocese ,,of ,,boston1 ,,and ,,the ,,order ,,of ,,the ,,forty ,,hours ,,devotion1 ,a4 ,d4 #ahhf4 ,this little book gives the churches1 churches building1 chapels and stations1 secular and regular priests1 students in philosophy and theology1 seminaries1 colleges1 etc4 ,the number of scholars in ,catholic schools is stated to be #bj1jjj4 ,the population is put down at #cej1jjj4 ,p4 ,o',shea1 ,new ,york4 ,,tales ,,of ,,truth ,,and ,,trust4 ,by ,lady ,georgiana ,fullerton4 ,price1 #ge cents4 ,,rosemary3 ,a ,,tale ,,of ,,the ,,fire ,,in ,,london4 ,by ,lady ,georgiana ,fullerton4 ,price #ge cents4 ,everything from the pen of ,lady ,fullerton is sure to find readers4 ,those who have not read these books should furnish their libraries with copies of them4 ,ave ,maria ,press1 ,notre ,dame1 ,ia41 ,,the ,,lepers ,,of ,,molokai4 ,by ,charles ,warren ,stoddard4 ,price1 #aj cents4 ,those who wish to read the history of the poor creatures afflicted with the dread disease of leprosy should get this book4 ,the author graphically describes the terrible scenes as enacted in this lazor-house4 ,it is sad and yet not sad to state that the ,rev4 ,father ,damien1 the self-sacrificing priest1 who1 for more than twelve years past1 has ministered to the unfortunate lepers in the solitary island of ,molokai--their pastor1 companion1 and friend--has at last fallen a victim to the most dreadful of all scourges4 ,a death awaits him as fearful to contemplate as that which every day confronts those stricken outcasts of the ,kingdom of ,hawaii4 ,he fears it not1 but there is a touch of pathos in the request with which he closes a letter announcing his fate3 ,pray for your afflicted friend1 and recommend him and his unhappy flock to all servants of our ,lord4 ,all of the above books may be obtained of ,messrs4 ,noonan ,co41 as well as of the publishers4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,miscellaneous4 ,,pope ,,leo ,,xiii4 ,,to ,,the ,,rev4 ,,dr4 ,,moriarty4--,the following letter from ,rome1 written by order of the ,holy ,father1 ,pope ,leo ,,xii41 has been received by the ,rev4 ,dr4 ,j4 ,j4 ,moriarty1 pastor of ,st4 ,john the ,evangelist's church of ,syracuse1 ,n4 ,y43 ,,rome1 ,feb4 #g1 #ahhf4 ,dear and ,reverend ,father3 ,i had a long audience with the ,holy ,father last evening4 ,he was delighted to hear of your zeal and your works4 ,he accepted with the greatest benevolence your latest work1 ,the ,keys of the ,kingdom1 several pages of which ,i translated for him1 while he held in his hands your beautiful presentation copy4 ,you may imagine the good impression it made upon him4 ,whilst admiring your beautiful book1 he charged me to tell you how highly he appreciates your gift and that he blesses1 with the most ample benediction1 you1 your flock1 your societies and your works1 encouraging you to continue your labors so useful to the church4 ,you may publish this benediction with the words as related4 ,yours most affectionately1 ,,grasseli1 ,archbishop of ,golossi4 ,to the ,rev4 ,j4 ,j4 ,moriarty1 doctor of laws and pastor of ,st4 ,john the ,evangelist's church1 ,syracuse1 ,n4 ,y4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,vient ,,de ,,paraitre4--,approuve par ,mgr4 l'eveque de ,rochester et ,mgr4 l'archeveque de ,baltimore1 et publie avec l',imprimatur de ,mgr4 l'archeveque de ,new ,york4 ,un ,catechisme de doctrine ,chretienne4 ,prepare et ordonne par le ,troisieme ,concile ,generale de ,baltimore4 ,traduit et' publie par l'autorite ecclesiastique4 ,par #ajj1 #c4jj4 ,un ,abrege du ,catechisme de ,doctrine ,chretienne4 ,prepare et ordonne par le ,troisieme ,concile ,generale de ,baltimore4 ,par #ajj1 #b4jj4 ,benziger ,brothers1 ,new ,york1 ,cincinnati and ,st4 ,louis4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,robert ,,emmet4--,the #ajhth anniversary of the birth of ,robert ,emmet was appropriately observed in various parts of the country4 ,in ,boston and vicinity meetings were held in commemoration of the event4 ,in ,faneuil ,hall1 ,mayor ,o',brien presided at a very enthusiastic gathering4 ,,obituary4 ,after life's fitful fever they sleep well4 ,,cardinal4 ,,the ,,late ,,cardinal ,m',,cabe4--,the first anniversary of the interment of his eminence ,cardinal ,m',cabe 7who died in ,dublin on the #aath of ,february1 #ahhe71 an ,office and ,pontifical ,high ,mass were solemnized for the repose of the soul of the deceased ,prince of the ,church at the ,cathedral1 ,marlborough ,street4 ,the ,most ,rev4 ,dr4 ,walsh1 ,archbishop of ,dublin1 a large number of other dignitaries1 and over two hundred priests1 assisted at the solemnities4 ,a cablegram from ,rome1 date of the #b;d1 announces the death that day of ,cardinal ,jacobini4 ,the deceased dignitary was born ,april #be1 #ahbe1 and was created cardinal ,nov4 #aj1 #ahhd4 ,he should not be confounded with ,cardinal ,luigi ,jacobini1 papal secretary of state4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,bishop4 ,rt4 ,rev4 ,peter ,joseph ,baltes1 second ,bishop of ,alton1 ,ill41 died on ,monday morning1 ,february #aeth4 ,the deceased prelate had been ill for some time from congestion and inflammation of the liver4 ,bishop ,baltes was born at ,ensheim1 ,bavaria1 ,april #g1 #ahbg1 came to the ,united ,states in #ahcc1 was ordained1 ,march #ba1 #ahec1 and consecrated1 ,january #bc1 #ahgj4 ,may he rest in peace4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,priests4 ,we regret to announce the death of the ,abbe ,henri de ,segrave1 which took place at ,nemours1 in ,france1 on ,january #beth4 ,father de ,segrave1 who was the last member of the branch of the old ,irish family of the ,segraves of ,cabra1 near ,dublin1 was cure of ,nemours and canon of ,sens in the diocese of ,meaux4 ,his grandfather had emigrated to ,france during the last century1 was naturalized in that country1 and rose to the rank of ,colonel in the ,guard of the unfortunate ,louis ,,xvi4 ,the abbe was born at ,fontainbleau1 but1 though his mother was ,french1 he was always very proud of his ,irish descent4 ,he was a devoted priest1 and spent his life and fortune in the service of his ministry4 ,the church at ,nemours was beautifully restored by him1 and he repurchased the property belonging to it which had been confiscated during the revolution4 ,rev4 ,j4 ,b4 ,mc,nally1 late ,rector of ,chattanooga1 ,tenn41 died at his old home in ,ireland4 ,he resigned his charge early last summer1 and went to ,ireland to endeavor to recruit his health1 but1 alas6 he was doomed never to return to his first mission4 ,he was a native of ,county ,londonderry1 and made his ecclesiastical studies in the ,missionary ,college of ,all ,hallows1 ,dublin1 where he was ordained in #ahgf for the diocese of ,nashville4 ,on the death of the lamented ,rev4 ,p4 ,ragan1 during the yellow fever of #ahgh1 ,father ,mc,nally was appointed to succeed him4 ,he served in ,chattanooga until his health failed1 when1 as it seems1 he went home to die4 ,he was a well-read1 genial1 and very efficient priest1 and acted as temporary ,administrator of ,nashville after ,rt4 ,rev4 ,bp4 ,feehan's promotion to ,chicago4 ,rev4 ,father ,tabaret1 principal of the ,ottawa ,university1 ,canada1 died suddenly ,feb4 #bh1 immediately after having said grace1 while dining with the faculty4 ,he was one of the oldest theologians of the ,church1 and recently received from the ,pope the pallium and degree of doctor of divinity4 ,the ,rev4 ,joseph ,f4 ,s4 ,gallagher1 pastor of the ,church of the ,holy ,name1 ,cleveland1 ,ohio1 and for twenty-one years one of the most prominent priests of that diocese1 died of pneumonia at the age of forty-nine years1 on ,january #cj4 ,rev4 ,joseph ,keller1 ,s4 ,j41 assistant for the ,english-speaking ,jesuits1 died at ,fiesoli1 ,italy1 on ,february #dth4 ,father ,keller was a prelate of great talent and well known in the ,united ,states4 ,he was formerly ,provincial of the ,jesuit ,order for the ,province of ,maryland4 ,he held the position of ,rector of the great ,woodstock ,seminary1 where he displayed marked talent4 ,he also filled the position of ,rector of the ,st4 ,louis ,university1 ,mo41 was sent to ,rome as deputy at the election of the ,general of the ,order1 which resulted in the unanimous choice of ,very ,rev4 ,anthony ,anderledy as ,general ,superior of the ,society of ,jesus1 with headquarters at ,fiesoli4 ,here ,father ,keller was elected to the responsible position of ,adjutant-,general for the ,english-speaking ,provinces4 ,the ,rev4 ,james ,b4 ,donegan1 pastor of the ,church of the ,immaculate ,conception1 ,marlboro1 ,mass41 died on ,february #bf4 ,father ,donegan was one of the best known priests in ,new ,england4 ,he was born in ,county ,longford1 ,ireland1 about forty-eight years ago4 ,he received his clerical education at ,all ,hallows' ,college1 ,dublin4 ,he came to ,america some twenty years ago1 and had served as curate in ,taunton1 and in the ,cathedral and ,st4 ,james ,church1 ,boston4 ,deceased went to ,marlboro in ,april1 #ahgf1 and he had resided there ever since1 having served on the ,board of ,school ,committee for about nine years1 filling this position at the time of his death4 ,father ,donegan was a zealous priest1 and was beloved by all who knew him4 ,he was an ardent advocate of the cause of ,ireland4 ,the funeral services were held on ,monday1 ,march #a1 at his late pastorate in ,marlboro1 and were attended by the archbishop1 large numbers of the ,rev4 clergy1 and by a large congregation4 ,the remains were interred in the cemetery at ,marlboro4 ,may he rest in peace6 99 99 99 99 99 ,,brothers4 ,on ,tuesday1 ,february #bc;d1 there passed through ,philadelphia1 en route for ,montreal1 ,canada1 the body of the ,rev4 ,brother ,stanislaus1 who died at the ,christian ,brothers' ,normal ,school1 ,ammendale1 ,md41 on the #ahth of ,february4 ,although but thirty-three years of age1 ,brother ,stanislaus had filled into this small compass the deeds of a long life4 ,born in ,montreal1 he possessed the characteristic activity and intellectual grasp of the ,northern mind4 ,much mental labor shattered his never overstrong constitution4 ,brother ,stanislaus was quite an adept in the field of literature2 as a teacher he had no compeer in ,canada2 he was1 in addition to these1 an expert geologist1 having made a thorough study of the science while directing the scientific department of the ,brothers' ,academy1 ,quebec4 ,he is a great loss to the ,canadian ,province1 as he filled for the last three years the position of ,inspector-,general of the ,schools4 ,benoit ,robert1 or ,brother ,facile1 the founder of the ,christian ,brothers' schools in ,new ,york1 ,philadelphia1 ,chicago1 ,st4 ,louis1 ,new ,orleans1 and other cities in this country1 died in ,marseilles on ,april #b1 #ahgg4 ,he desired to be buried in the land in which he had labored so long and well4 ,after the lapse of nine years his desire is to be complied with4 ,his body will arrive on the next ,french steamer1 and a permit for its transfer to ,amawalk1 ,westchester ,county1 ,new ,york ,state1 has been obtained4 ,brother ,facile lacked but a fortnight of being seventy-seven years of age when he died4 ,he was born in ,cublize1 ,france1 and became a ,brother before he attained his majority4 ,he came to ,america in #ahdh4 ,he was a friend and assistant of ,archbishop ,hughes4 ,brother ,john ,augustine ,grace1 who died at the ,christian ,brothers' ,novitiate1 ,marino1 ,clontarf1 ,ire41 on ,january #beth1 in his #hfth year and the sixty-third of his religious profession1 was one of the foremost educators of the century4 ,he entered the congregation of the ,christian ,brothers1 founded in ,ireland by his eminent countryman1 ,edmund ,ignatius ,rice1 at ,waterford1 in #ahbc4 ,thenceforth1 throughout his long life1 he filled many important positions in the various ,houses of the ,brotherhood in ,ireland and ,england1 everywhere inculcating in the minds of his young charges an unswerving devotion to the cause of ,ireland and the ,church4 ,among his eminent friends may be named ,daniel ,o',connell1 ,father ,mathew1 ,g4 ,griffin1 ,lord ,o',hagan1 ,dr4 ,murray1 ,dr4 ,mac,hale1 the two ,irish ,cardinals1 as well as the most gifted of the patriotic spirits that gave our country so great a name from #ahdc to #ahdh4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,sister4 ,the first member of the ,community of the ,sisters of the ,holy ,family of ,san ,francisco1 ,cal41 has gone to her reward4 ,sister ,mary ,magdalen ,javett died at the ,day ,home on ,hayes ,street1 on the #bhth ult41 of consumption1 to which she had been a martyr for many months4 ,the deceased ,religious was a native of ,ireland1 and came from a family notable for its practical ,catholic faith4 ,from her earliest years she was always deeply devoted to her religious duties1 and was among the first five novices received into the ,order by ,very ,rev4 ,j4 ,prendergast1 its founder4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,lay ,,people4 ,we regret to have to announce the death1 at ,sydney1 ,new ,south ,wales1 of ,mr4 ,william ,dargan ,gray1 ,m4 ,d41 brother of ,mr4 ,e4 ,dwyer ,gray1 ,m4 ,p4 ,we regret to announce the death of ,mr4 ,hubert ,sarsfield ,burke1 which occurred on ,wednesday4 ,mr4 ,burke was a frequent contributor to the ,dublin ,review and ,catholic ,world1 and is well known as the author of ,the ,women of the ,reformation and ,historical portraits of the ,tudor ,dynasty1 works which brought him more honor than profit1 as readers of ,father ,bannin's recent letters in our columns are aware4 ,at the time of his death he was engaged in sketching the lives of the ,irish viceroys1 with the view of showing the inutility of that high post4 ,john ,b4 ,johnston1 the animal painter of this city1 died at his home1 in ,dorchester1 on ,sunday1 ,february #ad1 of pneumonia1 after a short illness4 ,he was a little over forty years of age1 and belonged to a family of artists1 his father1 ,d4 ,c4 ,johnston1 having been a famous caricaturist in his day1 his brother ,thomas a very talented figure painter1 and his sister1 ,miss ,s4 ,j4 ,f4 ,johnston1 who survives him1 is also an artist4 ,his death causes a shock to the artistic fraternity of ,boston such as has not been experienced since ,george ,fuller passed away1 for he was a great favorite among all who knew him4 ,as an animal painter1 ,johnston was very strong in color and characterization1 and it would be difficult to find his equal in this specialty among ,american artists4 ,he produced but few pictures1 working slowly and with great care1 most of his time during the past few years having been devoted to teaching4 ,he was a pupil of the late ,william ,m4 ,hunt1 and afterwards studied in ,paris4 ,he was of an amiable and cheerful disposition1 full of vigor and liveliness1 and was always exceedingly loyal to his friends and to his convictions4 ,his frank and hearty manner and blunt honesty were prominent traits in a character which contained no guile4 ,the funeral took place from the ,church of the ,immaculate ,conception4 ,the members of the ,paint and ,clay ,club1 in which he always took a great interest1 attended the funeral in a body4 ,no man could be more sincerely mourned by his associates in art than ,johnny ,johnston1 as his friends affectionately called him4 ,an ,irishman1 brilliant and useful in his day1 ,dr4 ,r4 ,r4 ,madden1 has passed away from among us at the age of eighty-seven4 ,though best known in ,ireland as the author of the ,lives of the ,united ,irishmen and the ,history of ,irish ,periodical ,literature1 ,dr4 ,madden was author of many valuable works of travel1 etc41 and that which some consider his best1 the ,life and ,martyrdom of ,savonarola4 ,apart from his authorship1 ,dr4 ,madden led a busy and useful life1 having spent some years as special magistrate in ,jamaica1 and worked in concert with ,wilberforce1 ,buxton and ,clarkson1 for the abolition of slavery4 ,he also1 later1 held successively the posts of ,superintendent of ,liberated ,africans at ,havana1 under the ,british ,colonial office1 and of ,acting ,judge ,advocate in the ,mixed ,commission ,court1 under the ,foreign ,office4 ,in #ahda he was chosen by ,lord ,john ,russell a ,commissioner of ,inquiry on the ,western ,coast of ,africa1 and in #ahdg was appointed to the ,colonial ,secretaryship of ,western ,australia4 ,in a memoir of ,dr4 ,madden's life and labors1 published in the ,dublin ,university ,magazine for ,march1 #ahgf1 the author remarks3 ,if ,dr4 ,madden had never written a line1 his services in connection with the abolition of the slave trade would entitle him to public gratitude4 ,if in the fearless discharge of his duty ,dr4 ,madden excited the enmity of the slave interest1 he also won golden opinions from those who were really the negro's friends4 ,not only abroad1 but in his own country1 men of the very highest eminence were foremost in recognizing his signal abilities and services4 ,it is seldom that a man succeeds in winning the unreserved approbation of such men as ,lords ,glenelg1 ,palmerston1 ,russell1 ,derby and ,normanby1 as well as eliciting admiration of such members of his own profession as ,gregory1 ,cooper1 ,brodie1 ,johnson1 ,crampton1 ,kirby and ,o',reilly4 ,but perhaps the most valuable tribute came from the lips of ,buxton and ,clarkson1 two of the finest champions ever furnished by humanity to the oppressed colored race4 ,with these men1 as also with ,william ,wilberforce1 must be linked the name of our countrymen4 99 99 99 99 99 ,transcriber's ,notes3 ,obvious spelling and punctuation errors were repaired1 but unusual spellings and grammatical uses were retained 7vender1 millionnaire1 both indorse and endorse1 academical1 clock times using periods rather than colons1 etc474 ,both prophecy and prophesy1 snowdrops and snow-drop1 traveller and traveler1 were used in this text4 ,double quote marks within quote marks were standardized to single quote marks4 ,hyphenations were standardized4 ,beginning ,p4 #che1 ,notes on ,current ,topics through the end of the text1 the original placed minor 7shorter7 thought breaks between each separate entry1 including single paragraph entries4 ,transcriber has retained only the major thought breaks1 and thought breaks indicating the beginning and end of multi-paragraph entries4 ,p4 #cfh1 will be number of other deaths is faithful to the original4 ,the following changes from the original were made3 ,p4 #cae1 ,mc,guillicuddy to ,mc,gillicuddy4 ,p4 #cbh1 irreconciliable foe to irreconcilable foe4 ,p4 #cda1 maccaroni to macaroni4 ,p4 #cdc1 lucid internal to lucid interval4 ,p4 #cia1 ,engene to ,eugene4 ,p4 #cig1 ,hawii to ,hawaii4 ,p4 #cig1 first use of ,troisieme was originally ,troisieme4