,transcrib]'s ,note4 ,hyph5ation has be5 /&>dis$4 ,illu/ration3 ,:ite ,dork+ ,cock4 ,col\r$ ,dork+s4 ,duck-w+$ & ,black-brea/$ ,r$ ,game4 ,,p\ltry ,a ,practical ,guide ,,to ,,! ,,*oice1 ,,bre$+1 ,,re>+1 ,,& ,,managem5t ,,( ,,all ,,descriptions ,,( ,,f[ls1 ,,turkeys1 ,,gu9ea-,,f[ls1 ,,ducks1 ,,& ,,geese1 ,,= ,,pr(it ,,& ,,exhibition4 ,,by ,,hugh ,,pip]1 ,,au?or ,,( ,,pigeons3 ,,_! ,,v>ieties1 ,,managem5t1 ,,bre$+1 ,,& ,,diseases4 ,,illu/rat$ ,,) ,,eight ,,col\r$ ,,plates4 ,f\r? ,edition4 ,,london3 ,,groombridge ,,sons4 ,,mdccclxxvii4 ,,london3 ,,b>rett1 ,,sons ,,& ,,co41 ,,pr9t]s1 ,,see?+ ,,lane4 ,,preface4 ,?is "w is int5d$ z a practical guide to ^? ab\t to comm5ce ,p\ltry keep+1 & to provide ^? :o already h exp]i5ce on ! subject ) ! mo/ tru/wor?y in=mation compil$ f ! be/ au?orities ( all ages1 & ! mo/ rec5t improvem5ts 9 ,p\ltry ,bre$+ & ,managem5t4 ,! ,au?or believes t he has pres5t$ 8 read]s ) a great] am\nt ( valuable in=mation & practical directions on ! v>i\s po9ts treat$ ?an w be f\nd 9 mo/ simil> works4 ,! book is n ! result ( ! ,au?or's own exp]i5ce solely1 & he ackn[l$ges ! assi/ance he has receiv$ f o!r au?orities4 ,among ^? :om he has consult$ he desires specially to ackn[l$ge 8 obligations to ,mr4 ,tegetmei]1 ^: ,p\ltry ,book 7publi%$ by ,messrs4 ,r\tl$ge ,sons1 ,london7 conta9s 8 especial k ( ! ,diseases ( ,p\ltry2 & to ,mr4 ,l4 ,wright1 ^: excell5t & practical ,treatise1 entitl$ ,! ,practical ,p\ltry ,keep] 7publi%$ by ,messrs4 ,cassell1 ,pett] ,galp91 ,london71 _c be too highly comm5d$4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,g5]al ,,managem5t4 ,,page ,,*apt] ,i4--,,introduction #a ,neglect ( ,p\ltry-bre$+--,pr(it ( ,p\ltry-keep+--,value to ! ,f>m]--,p\ltry ,%[s--,cottage ,p\ltry4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4--,,! ,,f[l-,,h\se #f ,size ( ! ,h\se--,brick & ,wood--,*eap ,h\ses--,! ,ro(--,v5tilation--,light--,w>m?--,! ,floor+--,p]*es--,movable ,frame--,roo/s = ,co*9-,*9as & ,brahma-,pootras--,ne/s = lay+--,cleanl9ess--,f[ls' ,dung--,doors & ,entrance-holes--,lime-wa%+--,fumigat+-- ,rais+ ,*ick5s "u ,glass4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4--,,! ,,f[l-,,y>d #ah ,soil--,situation--,cov]$ ,run--,pulv]is$ ,e>? = deodoris+--,diet = conf9$ ,f[ls--,height ( ,wall1 c4--,prev5t+ ,f[ls f fly+--,! ,du/-heap--,mat]ial = ,%ells--,gravel--,! ,gizz>d--,! ,grass ,run4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4--,,food #bg ,table ( relative con/itu5ts & qualities ( ,food--,b>ley--,:eat--,oats--,meal--,ref use ,corn--,boil+ ,gra9--,indian ,corn1 or ,maize--,buck:eat--,peas1 ,beans & ,t>es--,rice--,hempse$--,l9se$--,potatoe s--,roots--,s(t ,food--,v>iety ( ,food--,quantity--,mode ( ,fe$+--,numb] ( ,meals--,grass & ,vegetables--,insects--,worms--,snails & ,slugs--,animal ,food--,wat]--,f\nta9s4 ,,*apt] ,v4--,,eggs #dj ,eggs all ! ,ye> r\nd--,w>m? ess5tial to lay+--,=c+ ,eggs--,s(t ,%ells--,%ape & ,col\r ( ,eggs--,! ,air-bag--,pres]v+ ,eggs--,keep+ & ,*oos+ ,eggs = sett+--,sex ( ,eggs--,pack+ ,sett+-eggs = travell+4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4--,,! ,,sitt+ ,,h5 #dh ,evil ( re/ra9+ a ,h5 f sitt+--,*eck+ ! ,desire--,a sep>ate ,h\se & ,run--,ne/s = sitt+ 9--,damp+ ,eggs--,fill+ = ,ne/s--,*oos+ _! own ,ne/s--,*oos+ a ,h5 = sitt+--,numb] & ,age ( ,eggs--,food & ,ex]cise--,abs5ce f ! ,ne/--,exam9+ ! ,eggs--,sett+ two ,h5s on ! same day--,"t ( ,incubation--,! tapp+ s\nd--,break+ ! ,%ell--,em]g+ f ! ,%ell--,assi/+ ! ,*ick5--,artificial ,mo!rs--,artificial ,incubation4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4--,,re>+ ,,& ,,fatt5+ ,,f[ls #fc ,! ,*ick5's fir/ ,food--,coop+ ! ,brood--,basket & ,wood5 ,coops--,fe$+ ,*ick5s--,age = ,fatt5+--,b>n-door ,fatt5+--,fatt5+-,h\ses--,fatt5+-,coops- -,food--,cramm+-- ,capons & ,p\l>des--,kill+ ,p\ltry--,pluck+ & pack+ ,f[ls--,pres]v+ ,fea!rs4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4--,,/ock1 ,,bre$+1 ,,& ,,cross+ #ge ,well-br$ ,f[ls--,*oice ( ,bre$--,signs ( ,age--,bre$+ 9-&-9--,numb] ( ,h5s to "o ,cock--,*oice ( a ,cock--,to prev5t ,cocks f fight+--,*oice ( a ,h5--,improv$ ,bre$s--,orig9 ( ,bre$s--,cross+--,*oice ( ,bre$+ ,/ock--,keep+ a ,bre$ pure4 ,,*apt] ,,ix4--,,p\ltry ,,%[s #hc ,! fir/ ,%[--,! fir/ ,birm+ham ,%[--,influ5ce ( ,%[s--,exhibition ,rules--,hat*+ = ,summ] & ,w9t] ,%[s--,weight--,exhibition ,f[ls sitt+--,mat*+ ,f[ls--,imp>t+ lu/re to ! ,plumage--,wa%+ ,f[ls--,hamp]s--,travell+--,treatm5t on ,return--,wa%+ ! ,hamp]s & ,l9+s--,exhibition ,po9ts--,te*nical ,t]ms4 ,,bre$s4 ,,*apt] ,x4--,,co*9-,,*9as1 ,,or ,,%anghaes #ic ,,*apt] ,,xi4--,,brahma-,,pootras #aja ,,*apt] ,,xii4--,,malays #aje ,,*apt] ,,xiii4--,,game #ajh ,,*apt] ,,xiv4--,,dork+s #aab ,,*apt] ,,xv4--,,spani% #aae ,,*apt] ,,xvi4--,,hamburgs #aah ,,*apt] ,,xvii4--,,pol&s #aba ,,*apt] ,,xviii4--,,bantams #abd ,,*apt] ,,xix4--,,fr5* ,,& ,,v>i\s #abh ,,*apt] ,,xx4--,,turkeys #acb ,,*apt] ,,xxi4--,,gu9ea-,,f[ls #aci ,,*apt] ,,xxii4--,,ducks #adb ,,*apt] ,,xxiii4--,,geese #adg ,,*apt] ,,xxiv4--,,diseases #aej ,,li/ ,,( ,,plates4 ,,page ,,plate ,i4--,fac+ ! ,title-page4 ,:ite ,dork+ ,cock--,col\r$ ,dork+s--,duck-w+$ & ,black-brea/$ ,r$ ,game4 ,,plate ,,ii4 #ic ,:ite & ,buff ,co*9-,*9a--,malay ,cock--,light & ,d>k ,brahma-,pootras4 ,,plate ,,iii4 #aae ,gold5-p5cill$ & ,silv]-spangl$ ,hamburgs--,black ,spani%4 ,,plate ,,iv4 #aba ,:ite-cre/$ ,black ,poli%--,gold5 & ,silv]-spangl$ ,poli%4 ,,plate ,v4 #abd ,:ite & ,black ,bantams--,gold & ,silv]-lac$ or ,sebright ,bantams--,game ,bantams4 ,,plate ,,vi4 #abh ,fr5*3 ,h\dans--,la ,fle*e ,cock--,creve-,coeur ,h54 ,,plate ,,vii4 #acb ,turkey--,gu9ea-,f[ls4 ,,plate ,,viii4 #adb ,t\l\se ,goose--,r\5 ,ducks--,aylesbury ,ducks4 ,,pr(itable ,,& ,,ornam5tal ,,p\ltry4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,introduction4 ,until ( late ye>s ! bre$+ ( p\ltry has be5 almo/ g5]ally neglect$ 9 ,great ,brita94 ,any k9d ( mongrel f[l w\ld d = a f>m]'s /ock1 al?\gh he fully appreciat$ ! importance ( bre$+ 9 respect ( 8 cattle & pigs1 & ! value ( improv$ se$s4 ,_h he ?\ght at all ^u ! subject1 x mu/ h occurr$ to him t p\ltry might be improv$ by bre$+ f select specim5s z mu* z any o!r k9d ( live /ock4 ,! ,fr5* produce a v mu* great] numb] ( f[ls & f> f9] ones = m>ket ?an we d4 ,9 ,france1 ,bon+ton ,m[bray obs]ves1 p\ltry =ms an important "p ( ! live /ock ( ! f>m]1 & ! p\ltry-y>ds supply m animal food to ! great mass ( ! community ?an ! but*]s' %ops2 :ile 9 ,egypt1 & "s o!r c\ntries ( ! ,ea/1 f "t immemorial1 va/ numb]s ( *ick5s h be5 hat*$ 9 ov5s by artificial heat to supply ! dem& = p\ltry2 b 9 ,great ,brita9 p\ltry-keep+ has be5 g5]ally neglect$1 eggs are de>1 & all k9ds ( p\ltry s great a luxury t ! l[] classes & a l>ge numb] ( ! middle seldom1 if ev]1 ta/e x1 except p]haps once a ye> 9 ! =m ( a ,*ri/mas goose1 :ile hundr$s ( ?\s&s _c af=d ev5 ?is4 ,x is comput$ t a million ( eggs are eat5 daily 9 ,london & its suburbs alone2 yet ?is va/ numb] only gives "o egg to e ?ree m\?s4 ,x is a national wa/e1 says ,mr4 ,edw>ds1 import+ eggs by ! hundr$s ( millions1 & p\ltry by t5s ( ?\s&s1 :5 we are fe$+ our cattle ^u corn1 & grudg+ x to our p\ltry2 al?\gh ! return made f ! =m]1 x is g5]ally admitt$1 is n five p] c5t4 beyond ! value ( ! corn consum$1 :]eas an imm5se p]c5tage c be realis$ by fe$+ p\ltry4 ,a writ] 9 ! ,times1 ( ,febru>y #a1 #ahec1 /ates t1 :ile x w take five ye>s to fatt5 an ox to ! weight ( sixty /one1 :i* w produce a pr(it ( ,l#cj1 ! same sum may be realis$ 9 five mon?s by fe$+ an equal weight ( p\ltry = ! table4 ,al?\gh f[ls are s commonly kept1 ! proportion to ! population is /ill v small1 & ! numb] ( ^? :o re> & manage !m pr(itably /ill small]1 *iefly because mo/ p keep !m )\t sy/em or ord]1 & h n giv5 ! slighte/ att5tion to ! subject4 ,nev]!less1 x co/s no m tr\ble & mu* less exp5se to keep f[ls successfully & pr(itably1 = neglect$ f[ls are always fall+ sick1 or gett+ into mis*ief & caus+ annoyance1 & (t5 exp5se & loss4 ,a man1 says ,mr4 ,edw>ds1 :o expects a good return ( fle% & eggs f f[ls insuffici5tly f$ & c>$ =1 is l a mill] expect+ to get meal f a neglect$ mill1 to :i* he does n supply gra94 ,! antiquat$ idea t f[ls on a f>m did mis*ief to ! crops has be5 prov$ to be false2 = if ! gra9 is s[n z deeply z x %\ld be1 !y _c rea* x by scrat*+2 &1 besides1 !y greatly pref] worms & insects4 ,mr4 ,me*i says1 comm5d me to p\ltry z ! f>m]'s be/ fri5d1 & consid]s ! value ( f[ls1 9 de/roy+ ! va/ numb] ( worms1 grubs1 flies1 beetles1 insects1 l>vae1 c41 :i* !y dev\r1 z incalculable2 & ! same may be said z to _! de/ruction ( ! se$s ( we$s4 ,!y also consume l>ge quantities ( kit*5 & table refuse1 :i* is g5]ally o!rwise wa/$1 & (t5 all[$ to decay & become a s\rce ( disease1 or at lea/ ( impurity4 ,! enorm\s prices paid at ! p\ltry %[s ( #aheb & #ahec = fancy f[ls gave a new impulse to p\ltry-keep+2 & _m p]sons :o =m]ly ?\ght ! managem5t ( p\ltry b5ea? _! att5tion1 n[ sup]9t5d _! y>ds4 ,mrs4 ,f]guson ,blair1 n[ ! ,hon4 ,mrs4 ,arbu?not1 ! au?oress ( ! ,h5wife1 ^: exp]i5ce may be judg$ by ! fact t %e ga9$ 9 f\r ye>s upw>ds ( #dfj prizes 9 ,engl& & ,scotl&1 & p]sonally sup]9t5d$ ! managem5t ( =ty sep>ate y>ds1 9 :i* above #a1jjj *ick5s 7 hat*$ annually1 says3-- ,i began to bre$ p\ltry = amusem5t only1 !n = exhibition1 & la/ly1 0 glad to take ! tr\ble to make x pay1 & d n l my p\ltry-y>d less because x is n a loss4 ,x is impossible to imag9e any occupation m suit$ to a lady1 liv+ 9 ! c\ntry1 ?an t ( p\ltry re>+4 ,if %e has any sup]flu\s affection to be/[1 let x be on h] *ick5-k9d & x w be return$ c5t4 p] c5t4 ,are y a lov] ( nature8 come ) me & view1 ) delight$ gaze1 h] *os5 dyes4 ,are y a utilit>ian8 rejoice 9 su* an increase ( ! p's food4 ,are y a philan?ropi/8 be grateful t y\rs has be5 ! privilege to af=d a possible pleasure to ! poor man1 to :om s _m are impossible4 ,su* we (t5 f9d fond ( p\ltry--no mean judges ( x1 & frequ5tly successful 9 exhibition4 ,a poor man's pleasure 9 victory is1 at lea/1 z great z t ( 8 ri*] bro!r4 ,let him1 !n1 h ! field :]eon to fight = x4 ,enc\rage village p\ltry-%[s1 n only by y\r patronage1 b also by y\r pres5ce4 ,a ta/e = su* may save _m f dissipation & mu* evil2 no man c w9 p\ltry hon\rs & haunt ! taproom too4 ,= ^? :o desire to enc\rage a ta/e = p\ltry keep+ 9 "y p1 & _! humbl] neighb\rs1 we w\ld recomm5d our small] "w on ! subject z a suitable pres5t4#a ,x becomes1 says ,miss ,h>riet ,m>t9eau1 an int]e/+ wond] e ye> :y ! rural cottag]s ( ! ,unit$ ,k+dom d n re> f[ls almo/ univ]sally1 see+ h[ little ! co/ w\ld be & h[ great ! dem&4 ,we import _m millions ( eggs annually4 ,:y %\ld we import any8 ,:]ev] !re is a cottage family liv+ on potatoes or bett] f>e1 & grass gr[+ any:]e ne> !m1 x w\ld be wor? :ile to nail up a little p5?\se1 & make ne/s ( clean /raw1 & g 9 = a speculation 9 eggs & *ick5s4 ,se$s1 worms1 & insects g a great way 9 fe$+ p\ltry 9 su* places2 & !n !re are ! small & refuse potatoes f ! heap1 & ! outside cabbage leaves1 & ! scraps ( all sorts4 ,v small pur*ases ( brok5 rice 7:i* is extremely *eap71 inf]ior gra91 & mix$ meal1 w\ld d all else t is necess>y4 ,!re w\ld be probably l>g] losses f v]m9 ?an 9 bett] gu>d$ places2 b ^! c\ld be well af=d$ z a m]e d$uction f consid]able ga9s4 ,x is und]/ood t ! keep+ ( p\ltry is l>gely on ! increase 9 ! c\ntry g5]ally1 & ev5 among cottag]s2 b ! prevail+ idea is ( competition z to races & specim5s = ! p\ltry-y>d1 r ?an ( meet+ ! dem& = eggs & f[ls = ! table4 ,) ! exception ( prizes = ,dork+s1 :i* are *iefly br$ = m>ket1 our p\ltry-%[s h always look$ ^u f[ls z if !y 7 m]ely ornam5tal birds1 & h fram$ _! /&>ds ( excell5ce accord+ly1 & n ) any reg>d to ! production ( pr(itable p\ltry1 :i* is mu* to be regrett$4 ,m>t9 ,doyle1 ! cottage economi/ ( ,irel&1 9 8 ,h9ts to ,small ,hold]s1 obs]ves t a few cocks & h5s1 if !y be prev5t$ f scrat*+ 9 ! g>d51 are a useful & appropriate /ock ab\t a cottage1 ! w>m? ( :i* causes !m to lay eggs 9 w9t]--no trifl+ advantage to ! *ildr5 :5 milk is sc>ce4 ,! ,fr5*1 :o are extremely fond ( eggs1 & contrive to h !m 9 great abundance1 fe$ ! f[ls s well on curds & buck:eat1 & keep !m s w>m1 t !y h pl5ty ( eggs ev5 9 w9t]4 ,n[1 9 our c\ntry 7,irel&71 especially 9 a g5tleman's f[l y>d1 !re is n an egg to be _h 9 cold wea!r2 b ! w>m? ( ! poor man's cab9 insures him an egg ev5 9 ! mo/ ung5ial season4 ,su* f[ls obta9 fre% air1 fre% grass1 & fre% gr\nd to scrat* 91 & prosp] 9 spite ( ! mo/ mis]able1 puny1 mongrel /ock1 det]iorat+ ye> aft] ye> f bre$+ 9 & 91 )\t ! introduction ( fre% blood ev5 ( ! same indiff]5t description4 ,_m an hone/ cottag] might keep himself & family f ! p>i% by ! aid ( a small /ock ( p\ltry1 if "s k9d p\ltry-keep] w\ld pres5t him ) two or ?ree good f[ls to beg9 )1 = ! cottag] has seldom capital ev5 = s small a pur*ase4 ,consid]able pr(it may be made by ! sale ( eggs = hat*+ & surplus /ock1 if ! bre$s kept are good1 & ! /ock kn[n to be pure & vigor\s4 ,! ,h5wife says3 ,y may r$uce y\r exp5ses by sell+ eggs = sett+1 at a remun]ative price4 ,no "o %\ld be a%am$ to own :at he is n a%am$ to d2 !re=e1 boldly ann\nce y\r sup]flu\s eggs = sale1 at su* a price z y ?9k ! public w pay = !m4 ,?is is n[ done ext5sively by bre$]s ( rank & em95ce1 especially ?r\gh ! ,london ,field & agricultural pap]s4 ,b1 bew>e ( s5d+ su* eggs to m>ket4 ,e "o w\ld be set1 & y might f9d y\rself beat5 by y\r own /ock1 v likely 9 y\r own local %[1 & at small co/ to ! exhibitor4 ,! great secret ( success 9 keep+ f[ls pr(itably is to hat* *iefly 9 ,m>* & ,april2 enc\rage ! pullets by prop] fe$+ to lay at ! age ( six mon?s2 & fatt5 & dispose ( !m :5 ab\t n9ete5 mon?s old1 j be=e _! fir/ adult m\lt2 & nev] to all[ a cock]el to exce$ ! age ( f\rte5 weeks be=e x is fatt5$ & dispos$ (4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,! ,,f[l-,,h\se4 ,9 ?is "w we %all consid] ! accommodation & requisites = keep+ f[ls successfully on a mod]ate scale1 & ! read] mu/ adapt !m to 8 own premises1 circum/ances1 & requirem5ts4 ,ev]y:]e !re mu/ be "s alt]ations1 omissions1 or compromises4 ,we %all /ate ! ess5tials = _! prop] accommodation1 & describe ! mode ( con/ruct+ h\ses1 %$s1 & arrang+ runs1 & ! read] mu/ !n =m 8 plan accord+ to 8 own wi%es1 res\rces1 & ! capabilities ( ! place4 ,! climate ( ,great ,brita9 be+ s v v>iable 9 itself1 & diff]+ 9 its temp]ature s mu* 9 diff]5t p>ts1 no "o mann] or mat]ial = build+ ! f[l-h\se c be recomm5d$ = all cases4 ,plans = p\ltry e/abli%m5ts on l>ge scales = ! hat*+1 re>+1 & fatt5+ ( f[ls1 turkeys1 ducks1 & geese1 are giv5 9 our small] "w on ,p\ltry1 ref]r$ to on page #c4 ,! be/ aspects = ! f[l-h\se are s\? & s\?-ea/1 & slop+ gr\nd is pref]able to flat4 ,x is only ( late ye>s1 says ,mr4 ,baily1 p\ltry-h\ses h be5 mu* ?\ght (4 ,9 l>ge f>my>ds1 :]e !re are c>t-h\ses1 calf-p5s1 pig-/yes1 cattle-%$s1 %elt] "u ! eaves ( b>ns1 & num]\s o!r roo/+-places1 n omitt+ ! trees 9 ! imm$iate vic9ity1 !y are little requir$--f[ls w g5]ally d bett] by *oos+ = !mselves2 & x is beyond a d\bt heal?i] = !m to be spread ab\t 9 ?is mann]1 ?an to be conf9$ to "o place4 ,b a love ( ord]1 on ! "o h&1 & a dread ( ?ieves or foxes on ! o!r1 w sometimes make x desirable to h a prop] p\ltry-h\se4 ,ea* family ( f[ls %\ld1 if possible1 h a h\se & run2 & if !y are kept z bre$+ /ock1 & ! bre$s are to be pres]v$ pure1 ?is is ess5tial4 ,& :]e _m k9ds are kept1 ! v>i\s h\ses mu/ be adapt$ to ! peculi>ities ( ! diff]5t bre$s1 9 ord] to d ju/ice to !m all1 & to atta9 success 9 ea*4 ,! size ( ! h\se & ! ext5t ( ! y>d or run %\ld be proportion$ to ! numb] ( f[ls kept2 b x is bett] = ! h\se to be too small ?an too l>ge1 p>ticul>ly 9 w9t]1 = ! mutual imp>t+ ( animal heat4 ,x is f\nd by exp]i5ce t :5 f[ls are cr[d$ into a small space1 _! desire = lay+ cont9ues ev5 9 w9t]2 & !re is no fe> ( eng5d]+ disease by cr[d+ if ! h\se is prop]ly v5tilat$1 & ?or\ghly cleans$ e day4 ,mr4 ,baily kept = ye>s a cock & f\r h5s 9 a portable wood5 h\se six feet squ>e1 & six feet high 9 ! c5tre1 ! sides be+ some:at %ort]1 & says su* a h\se w\ld hold six h5s z well z f\r4 ,v5tilat+ holes 7 made ne> ! top4 ,x _h no floor1 be+ plac$ ^u ! gr\nd1 & c\ld be mov$ at pleasure by means ( two poles plac$ ?r\gh two /aples fix$ at ! end ( ea* side4 ,a few ,co*9-,*9as may be kept :]e !re is no o!r conv5i5ce ?an an ou?\se six feet squ>e to s]ve = _! roo/+1 lay+1 & sitt+1 ) a y>d ( twice t size atta*$4 ,mr4 ,wright once knew a "y man :o kept f[ls mo/ pr(itably1 ) only a h\se ( 8 own con/ruction1 n m ?an ?ree feet squ>e1 & a run ( ! same wid?1 "u twelve feet long4 ,! ,fr5* bre$]s keep _! f[ls 9 z small a space z possible1 9 ord] to g5]ate & pres]ve ! w>m? t w induce !m to lay2 :ile ! ,engli% bre$]s all[ m space = ex]cise1 l>g] h\ses1 & free circulation ( air4 ,! ,fr5* mode1 is v likely ! be/ = ! w9t] & ! ,engli% = ! summ]1 b ! two opposite me?ods may be made available by hav+ "o or m extra h\ses & runs into :i* ! f[ls c be di/ribut$ 9 ! summ]4 ,a close1 w>m roo/+-place w cause ! production ( m eggs 9 w9t]1 :5 !y are sc>ce/ & mo/ valuable1 :ile air & ex]cise are necess>y to re> sup]ior f[ls = ! table2 & if !y c h ! run ( a f>my>d or good fields 9 :i* to pick up gra9 or insects1 _! fle% w be f> sup]ior 9 flav\r to t ( f[ls kept 9 conf9em5t1 or cramm$ 9 coops4 ,almo/ any outbuild+1 %$1 or lean-to1 may be easily & *eaply conv]t$ into a good f[l-h\se by ! ex]cise ( a little ?\ght & +5uity4 ,! be/ mat]ial to build a h\se ) is brick1 b ! *eape/ to be durable is bo>d1 ) ! ro( also ( wood1 cov]$ ) pat5t felt4 ,"o objection to timb] h\ses is _! be+ combu/ible1 & easily ignit$1 & h\ses _h bett] be built ( a s+le brick 9 ?ickness1 unless *eapness is a great object4 ,a lean-to f[l-h\se may be con/ruct$ = a v small sum1 ) bo>ds an in* ?ick1 aga9/ ! we/ or s\? side ( any wall4 ,:5ev] wood is employ$ x %\ld be tongu$1 :i* is a v *eap me?od ( provid+ aga9/ w>p+ by heat1 or admitt+ w9d or ra92 ly+ flat aga9/ ! uprights1 x saves mat]ial & has an ext]nal appe>ance f> sup]ior to any o!r me?od ( bo>d+4 ,if ! second coat ( pa9t is r\gh ca/ ov] ) s&1 x w greatly improve ! appe>ance1 & ! h\se w n be unsightly ev5 9 ! ornam5tal "p ( a g5tleman's gr\nds4 ,a h\se may be built v *eaply by driv+ poles into ! gr\nd at equal di/ances1 & nail+ wea!r-bo>d+ ^u _! outside4 ,if x is to be squ>e1 "o pole %\ld be plac$ at ea* corn]1 & two m w be requir$ = ! door-po/s4 ,! h\se may be made ) five1 six1 or m sides1 z _m poles be+ us$ z !re are sides1 & ! door may occupy "o side if ! h\se be small & ! side n>r[1 o!rwise two door-po/s w be requir$4 ,if ! bo>ds are n tongu$ toge!r1 ! *9ks betwe5 !m mu/ be well caulk$ by driv+ 9 /r+ or t[ ) a blunt *isel1 = x is n only necess>y to keep out ! ra9 b also to keep out ! w9d1 :i* has great influ5ce on ! heal? & lay+ ( ! f[ls4 ,:]e d\ble bo>d+ is employ$ = ! sides1 ! h\se may be made mu* w>m] by fill+ up ! space ) /raw1 or /ill bett] ) m>% re$s1 s durable = ?at*+4 ,?is plan1 un=tunately1 af=ds a %elt] = rats1 mice1 & insects1 & !re=e1 if adopt$1 x w be highly advantage\s to =m ! inside bo>d+ 9 panels1 s z to be removable at pleasure = exam9ation & cleans+4 ,= ! ro(1 tiles or slates alone are n suffici5t1 b1 if us$1 mu/ h a bo>d+ or ceil+ "u !m2 o!rwise all ! heat g5]at$ by ! f[ls w escape ?r\gh ! num]\s int]/ices1 & x w be next to impossible to keep ! h\se w>m 9 w9t]4 ,a corrugat$ ro( ( galvanis$ iron may be us$ in/ead1 b a ceil+ also w be absolutely necess>y = ! sake ( w>m?4 ,a r\gh ceil+ ( la? & pla/] n only pres]ves ! w>m? g5]at$ by ! f[ls & keeps out ! cold1 b has ! great advantage ( be+ easily lime-wa%$1 an op]ation t %\ld be p]=m$ at lea/ f\r or five times a ye>4 ,bo>ds alone make a v good & *eap ro(4 ,!y may be laid ei!r horizontally1 "o plank ov]lapp+ ! o!r1 & ! :ole well t>r$ two or ?ree times1 & once e autumn aft]w>ds2 or !y may be laid p]p5dicul>ly side by side1 fitt+ closely1 9 :i* case !y %\ld be well t>r$1 !n cov]$ ) old %eet+1 wa/e calico1 or ?ick br[n pap] tightly /ret*$ ov] x1 & aft]w>ds bru%$ ov] ) hot t>1 or a mixture ( t> boil$ ) a little lime1 & appli$ :ile hot2 ?is1 soak+ ?r\gh ! calico1 cem5ts x to ! ro(1 & makes x wat]pro(4 ,b bo>d cov]$ ) pat5t felt1 & t>r$ once a ye>1 is ! be/4 ,! ro( ought to project consid]ably beyond ! walls1 9 ord] to prev5t ! ra9 f dripp+ d[n !m4 ,v5tilation is mo/ important1 & ! h\se %\ld be high1 especially if !re are _m f[ls1 = by hav+ x l(ty a curr5t ( air c pass ?r\gh x f> above ! level ( ! f[ls1 & purify ! atmosph]e )\t caus+ a draught ne> !m4 ,!y v mu* dislike a draught1 & w alt] _! positions to avoid x1 & if unable to d s1 w seek ano!r roo/+-place4 ,v5tilation may be obta9$ by leav+ out "s bricks 9 ! wall or mak+ holes 9 ! bo>d+2 & :5 !re is a %$ at ! side ( ! f[l-h\se1 by bor+ a few holes ne> ! top ( ! wall next to ! %$2 all v5tilators %\ld be consid]ably above ! p]*es1 9 ord] to avoid a draught ne> to ! f[ls2 & %\ld be entirely clos$ at night 9 sev]e wea!r4 ,! be/ me?od ( v5tilation = a f[l-h\se ( suffici5t size & height1 is by means ( an op5+ 9 ! highe/ "p ( ! ro(1 cov]$ ) a lant]n ( la?s or n>r[ bo>ds1 plac$ "o ov] ! o!r 9 a slant+ position1 ) a small space betwe5 !m l ,v5etian bl9ds4 ,light is ess5tial1 n only = ! heal? ( ! f[ls1 b 9 ord] t ! /ate ( ! h\se may be se51 & ! floor & p]*es may be well cleans$4 ,x may be admitt$ ei!r ?r\gh a common w9d[1 a pane or two ( ?ick glass plac$ 9 ! sides1 or glass tiles 9 ! ro(4 ,x also induces !m to take %elt] !re 9 r\gh wea!r4 ,w>m? is ! mo/ important po9t ( all4 ,f[ls t roo/ 9 cold h\ses & expos$ places require m food & produce few] eggs2 & pullets :i* are usually =w>d 9 lay+ w n easily be induc$ to d s 9 sev]e wea!r if _! h\se is n kept w>m4 ,x is a great advantage :5 ! h\se backs a fire-place or /able4 ,a g5tleman told ,mr4 ,baily t he _h be5 v successful 9 rais+ e>ly *ick5s 9 ! nor? ( ,scotl&1 & he attribut$ mu* ( x to ! foll[+ arrangem5ts4 ,he _h always f tw5ty to ?irty ox5 or o!r cattle fatt5+ 9 a long build+2 he made 8 p\ltry-h\se to jo9 ?is1 & _h v5tilators & op5+s made 9 ! p>tition1 s t ! heat ( ! cattle-%$ pass$ into ! f[l-h\se4 ,little good has result$ f ! use ( /oves1 or hot-wat] pipes1 = p\ltry2 b by skilfully tak+ advantage ( e circum/ance l t above m5tion$1 & by consult+ aspect & position1 _m valuable helps are obta9$4 ,a h\se built ( wood 9 ! nor? ( ,engl& & ,scotl& mu/ be l9$1 unless artificially w>m$4 ,felt is ! be/ mat]ial1 z its /rong smell ( t> w keep away mo/ insects4 ,matt+ is frequ5tly us$1 & w make ! h\se suffici5tly w>m1 b x h>b\rs v]m91 & !re=e1 if us$1 %\ld be only slightly fa/5$ to ! walls1 s t x c be (t5 tak5 d[n & well beat51 &1 if necess>y1 fumigat$4 ,v>i\s mat]ials are recomm5d$ = ! floor+4 ,bo>ds are w>m1 b !y soon become f\l4 ,beat5 e>?1 ) loose du/ scatt]$ ov] x "s in*es deep1 is excell5t = ! feet ( ! birds1 b is a h>b\r = ! m9ute v]m9 :i* are (t5 s tr\blesome1 & ev5 de/ructive1 to dome/ic f[ls4 ,m[bray recomm5ds a floor ( well-ramm$ *alk or e>?1 t its surface1 be+ smoo?1 may pres5t no imp$im5t to be+ swept p]fectly clean4 ,*alk laid on dry coal-a%es to absorb ! moi/ure is excell5t4 ,a mixture ( c[-dung & wat]1 ab\t ! consi/5cy ( pa9t1 put on ! surface ( ! floor1 no ?ick] ?an pa9t1 gives x a h>d surface :i* w be> sweep+ d[n4 ,x is us$ by ! natives ( ,india1 n only = ! floors1 b (t5 = ! walls ( _! h\ses1 & is suppos$ to be heal?y 9 its application1 & to keep away v]m94 ,miss ,watts says3 ,dig out ! floor to ab\t a foot deep1 & fill 9 ) burnt clay1 l t us$ ext5sively on railways1 ! /rong gravel :i* is call$ 'metal' 9 road-mak+1 or any loose dry mat]ial ( ! k9d4 ,let ?is be well ramm$ d[n1 & !n lay ov] x1 ) a bricklay]'s tr[el1 a floor+ ( a compo/ ( c9d]-a%es1 gravel1 quick-lime1 & wat]4 ,?is floor+ is )\t ! objections due to ^? :i* are cold & damp1 & ^? :i* imbibe f\l moi/ure4 ,/one is too cold = a floor+2 beat5 e>? or wood becomes f\l :5 ! place is inhabit$ by liv+ animals2 & a floor+ ( bricks possesses bo? ^! bad qualities unit$4 ,bricks are ! wor/ ( all mat]ials2 !y reta9 moi/ure1 :e!r atmosph]ic or aris+ f insuffici5t dra9age2 & ?us ! temp]ature is kept l[1 & disease too (t5 foll[s1 especially rheumatic attacks ( ! feet & legs4 ,h[ev]1 trodd5 e>? makes a v good floor+1 & x or o!r mat]ials may easily be kept clean by plac+ moveable bo>ds b5ea? ! p]*es to receive ! f[l-dropp+s4 ,! floor %\ld slope f e direction t[>ds ! door1 to facilitate its cleans+1 & to keep x dry4 ,p]*es are g5]ally plac$ too high1 probably because x 0 notic$ t f[ls 9 _! natural /ate1 or :5 at l>ge1 usually roo/ ^u high bran*es2 b x %\ld be obs]v$ t1 9 desc5d+ f l(ty bran*es1 !y h a consid]able di/ance to fly1 & !re=e alight on ! gr\nd g5tly1 :ile 9 a conf9$ f[l-h\se ! bird flutt]s d[n almo/ p]p5dicul>ly1 com+ into contact ) ! floor =cibly1 by :i* ! keel ( ! brea/-bone is (t5 brok51 & bumble-foot 9 ,dork+s & corns are caus$4 ,"s writ]s d n object to l(ty p]*es1 provid$ ! f[ls h a bo>d ) cross-pieces ( wood fa/5$ on to x rea*+ f ! gr\nd to ! p]*2 b ?is does n obviate ! evil1 = !y w only use x = asc5t1 & n = desc5t4 ,! air1 too1 at ! upp] "p ( any dwell+-room1 or h\se = animals1 is mu* m impure ?an ne>] ! floor1 because ! air t has be5 brea!d1 & vap\rs f ! body1 are light] ?an pure air1 & consequ5tly asc5d to ! top4 ,! p]*es %\ld !re=e n be m ?an eighte5 in*es f ! gr\nd1 unless ! bre$ is v small & light4 ,p]*es are also g5]ally made too small & r\nd4 ,:5 !y are too small 9 proportion to ! size ( ! birds1 !y are apt to cause ! brea/-bone ( heavy f[ls to gr[ crook$1 :i* is a great defect1 & v unsightly 9 a table-f[l4 ,^? = heavy f[ls %\ld n be less ?an ?ree in*es 9 diamet]4 ,capital p]*es may be =m$ ( fir or l>* poles1 ab\t ?ree in*es 9 diamet]1 split into two1 ! r\nd side be+ plac$ upp]mo/2 ! birds' claws cl+ to x easily1 & ! b>k is n s h>d z plan$ wood4 ,! p]*es1 if made ( timb]1 %\ld be ne>ly squ>e1 ) only ! corn]s r\nd$ (f1 z ! feet ( f[ls are n =m$ = clasp+ smoo? r\nd poles4 ,^? = *ick5s %\ld n be ?ick] ?an _! claws c easily grasp1 & nei!r too %>p nor too r\nd4 ,:5 m ?an "o r[ ( p]*es is requir$ !y %\ld be rang$ obliquely--t is1 "o above & beh9d ! o!r2 by :i* arrangem5t ea* p]* =ms a /ep to ! next high] "o1 & an equal conv5i5ce 9 desc5d+1 & ! birds d n void _! dung ov] ea* o!r4 ,!y %\ld be plac$ two feet ap>t1 & support$ on b>s ( wood fix$ to ! walls at ea* end2 & 9 ord] t !y may be tak5 out to be clean$1 !y %\ld n be nail$ to ! support]1 b securely plac$ 9 ni*es cut 9 ! b>1 or by pieces ( wood nail$ to x l ! r[locks ( a boat4 ,if ! wall space at ! sides is requir$ = lay+-boxes1 ! p]*es mu/ be %ort] ?an ! h\se1 & ! oblique b>s :i* support !m mu/ be securely fa/5$ to ! back ( ! h\se1 &1 if necess>y1 h an upright plac$ b5ea? ! upp] end ( ea*4 ,"s bre$]s pref] a moveable frame = roo/+1 =m$ ( two poles ( ! requir$ l5g?1 jo9$ at ea* end by two n>r[ pieces2 ! frame be+ support$ ^u f\r or m legs1 accord+ to its l5g? & ! weight ( ! f[ls4 ,if necess>y x %\ld be /r5g!n$ by rails--connect+ ! bottoms ( ! legs1 & by pieces cross+ f ea* angle ( ! sides & ends4 ,^! frames c conv5i5tly be mov$ out ( ! h\se :5 !y require cleans+4 ,or x may be made ( "o pole support$ at ea* end by two legs spread out widely ap>t1 l two sides ( an equilat]al or equal-sid$ triangle4 ,! p]* may be made m secure = heavy f[ls by a rail at ea* side fa/5$ to ea* leg1 ab\t ?ree in*es f ! foot4 ,mr4 ,baily says3 ,i _h "s f[ls 9 a l>ge ou?\se1 :]e !y 7 well provid$ ) p]*es2 z !re 0 pl5ty ( room1 ,i put "s small faggots1 cut = fir+1 at "o extremity1 & ,i f\nd _m ( ! f[ls des]t$ _! p]*es to roo/ on ! faggots1 :i* !y evid5tly pref]r$4 ,co*9-,*9as & ,brahma ,pootras d n require p]*es1 b roo/ com=tably on a floor litt]$ d[n w>mly ) /raw4 ,x %\ld be ga!r$ up e morn+1 & ! floor clean$ & kept uncov]$ till night1 :5 ! /raw1 if clean1 %\ld be aga9 laid d[n4 ,x mu/ be (t5 *ang$4 ,a b$ ( s& is also us$1 & a lattic$ floor ev5 )\t /raw1 & "s use lattic$ b5*es rais$ ab\t six in*es f ! floor4 ,b we %\ld ?9k t lattic$ roo/+-places mu/ be uncom=table to f[ls1 & ! dung :i* falls ?r\gh is (t5 unse51 &1 consequ5tly1 liable to rema9 = too long a "t1 :ile a portion w /ick to ! sides ( ! lattice-"w1 & be n only difficult to see1 b also to remove :5 se54 ,! ,h5wife f9ds1 h[ev]1 t if !re are ne/s1 !re ! ,co*9s w roo/1 9 spite ( all attempts to make !m d o!rwise4 ,x is a good plan1 9 w>m wea!r1 occasionally to spr9kle wat] ov] & ab\t ! p]*es1 & scatt] a little p[d]$ sulphur ov] ! wett$ p>ts1 :i* w greatly t5d to keep ! f[ls free f insect p>asites4 ,! ne/s = lay+ 9 are usually made on ! gr\nd1 or 9 a k9d ( tr\gh1 a little rais$2 b "s use boxes or wick]-baskets1 :i* are pref]able1 z !y c be remov$ sep>ately f "t to "t1 & ?or\ghly cleans$ f du/ & v]m91 & c also be kept a little ap>t f ea* o!r4 ,^! boxes or tr\ghs %\ld be plac$ aga9/ ! sides ( ! h\se1 & a bo>d slop+ =w>ds %\ld be fix$ above1 to prev5t ! f[ls f roo/+ ^u ! edges4 ,if requir$1 a r[ ( lay+-boxes or tr\ghs may be plac$ on ! gr\nd1 & ano!r ab\t a foot or eighte5 in*es above ! floor4 ,! ne/ %\ld be made ( :eat51 rye1 or oat5 /raw1 b nev] ( hay1 :i* is too hot1 & fav\rable besides to ! increase ( v]m94 ,hea? cut into %ort pieces =ms excell5t mat]ial = ne/s1 b x _c always be _h4 ,! mat]ial mu/ be *ang$ :5ev] x smells f\l or mu/y1 = if x is all[$ to become (f5sive1 ! h5s w (t5 drop _! eggs ^u ! gr\nd soon] ?an g to ! ne/4 ,:5 ! f[l-h\se adjo9s a passage1 or x c be o!rwise s contriv$1 x is an excell5t plan to h a wood5 flap made to op5 j above ! back ( ! ne/s1 s t ! eggs c be remov$ )\t y\r go+ into ! roo/+-h\se1 tread+ ! dung ab\t1 & di/urb+ any birds t may be !re1 or ab\t to ent] to lay4 ,:]e possible ! ne/s 9 ! roo/+-h\ses %\ld be us$ = lay+ 9 only2 & a sep>ate h\se %\ld be set ap>t = sitt+ h5s4 ,:]e !re are b a few f[ls & only "o h\se1 if a h5 is all[$ to sit1 a sep>ate ne/ mu/ be made z quiet z possible = h]4--,see ,*apt] ,,vi4 ,cleanl9ess mu/ be ma9ta9$4 ,! ,canada ,f>m] sugge/$ an admirable plan = keep+ ! roo/+-h\se clean4 ,a broad %elf1 securely fa/5$1 b moveable1 is fix$ at ! back ( ! h\se1 eighte5 in*es f ! gr\nd1 & ! p]* plac$ f\r or five in*es above x1 a foot f ! wall4 ,! ne/s are plac$ on ! gr\nd b5ea? ! bo>d1 :i* pres]ves !m f ! roo/+ f[l's dropp+s1 & keeps !m well %ad$ = ! lay+ or sitt+ h51 if ! latt] is oblig$ to incubate 9 ! same h\se1 & ! ne/s d n ne$ a top4 ,! %elf c be easily scrap$ clean e morn+1 & %\ld be lightly s&$ aft]w>ds4 ,?us ! floor ( ! h\se is nev] soil$ by ! roo/+ birds1 & ! broad bo>d at ! same "t protects !m f upw>d draughts ( air4 ,:]e ! ne/s & p]*es are n s arrang$1 ! idea may be foll[$ by plac+ a loose bo>d bel[ ea* p]*1 ^u :i* ! dung w fall1 & ! bo>d c be tak5 up e morn+ & ! dung remov$4 ,) prop] tools1 a prop]ly con/ruct$ f[l-h\se c be kept p]fectly clean1 & all ! details ( managem5t well c>ri$ out )\t sc>cely soil+ y\r h&s4 ,a bir* broom is ! be/ implem5t ) :i* to clean ! h\se if ! floor is z h>d z x ought to be4 ,a h&ful ( a%es or s&1 spr9kl$ ov] ! places f :i* dung has be5 remov$1 w absorb any rema9+ impurity4 ,f[ls' dung is a v valuable manure1 be+ /rong1 /imulat+1 & nitrog5\s1 possess+ great p[] 9 =c+ ! gr[? ( vegetables1 p>ticul>ly ^? ( ! cabbage tribe1 & is excell5t = gr[+ /rawb]ries1 or inde$ almo/ any plants1 if suffici5tly dilut$2 =1 be+ v /rong1 x %\ld always be mix$ ) e>?4 ,a f[l1 accord+ to ,/ev5s1 w void at lea/ "o ounce ( dry dung 9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 :i* is wor? at lea/ sev5 %ill+s a cwt4 ,! door %\ld fit closely1 a slight space only be+ left at ! bottom to admit air4 ,x %\ld h a squ>e hole1 :i* is usually plac$ ei!r at ! top or bottom1 = ! p\ltry to ent] to roo/4 ,a hole at ! top is g5]ally pref]r$1 z x is inaccessible to v]m94 ,! f[ls asc5d by means ( a ladd] =m$ ( a slant+ bo>d1 ) /rips ( wood nail$ across to assi/ _! feet2 a simil> ladd] %\ld be plac$ inside to enable !m to desc5d1 if !y are heavy f[ls2 b ! evil is t1 ev5 ) ?is precaution1 !y are incl9$ to fly d[n1 z !y d f high p]*es1 )\t us+ ! ladd]1 & ?us injure _! feet4 ,a hole 9 ! middle ( ! door w\ld be pref]able to ei!r1 & obviate ! defects ( bo?4 ,^! holes %\ld be fitt$ ) slid+ panels on ! inside1 s t !y c be clos$ 9 ord] to keep ! f[ls out :ile clean+ ! h\se1 or to keep !m 9 until !y h laid _! eggs1 or x may be safe to let !m out 9 ! morn+ 9 any neighb\rhood or place :]e !y w\ld else be liable to be /ol54 ,e day1 aft] ! f[ls h left _! roo/s1 ! doors & w9d[s %\ld be op5$1 & a ?or\gh draught creat$ to purify ! h\se4 ,dur+ ! w9t] mon?s all ! entrance holes %\ld be clos$ f sunset to sunrise1 unless 9 mild localities4 ,:]e !re are _m h\ses1 !y %\ld1 if possible1 communicate ) ea* o!r by doors1 s t !y may be clean$ f end to end1 or inspect$ )\t ! necessity ( pass+ ?r\gh ! y>ds1 :i* is especially unpleasant 9 wet wea!r4 ,! doors %\ld be capable ( be+ fa/5$ on ei!r side1 to avoid ! *ance ( ! diff]5t bre$s int]m+l+ :ile y\r att5tion is occupi$ 9 arrang+ ! ne/s1 collect+ eggs1 c4 ,see t y\r f[ls are securely lock$ 9 at night1 = !y are m easily /ol5 ?an any o!r k9d ( dome/ic animals4 ,a good dog 9 ! y>d or adjo9+ h\se or /able is an excell5t protection4 ,e p\ltry-h\se %\ld be lime-wa%$ at lea/ f\r or five times a ye>1 & (t5] if conv5i5t4 ,v]m9 ( any k9d c be effectually de/roy$ by fumigat+ ! place ) sulphur4 ,9 ?is op]ation a little c>e is requisite2 x %\ld be comm5c$ e>ly 9 ! morn+1 by fir/ clos+ ! lattices1 & /opp+ up e crevice ?r\gh :i* air c ent]2 !n place on ! gr\nd a pan ( light$ *>coal1 & ?r[ on x "s brim/one brok5 into small pieces4 ,directly ?is is done ! room %\ld be left1 ! door kept %ut & airtight = "s h\rs2 c>e too %\ld be tak5 t ! lattices are fir/ op5$1 & "t giv5 = ! vap\r to ?or\ghly disp]se be=e any "o aga9 ent]s1 :5 e creature )9 ! build+ w be f\nd de/roy$4 ,x is said t a pair ( cag$ gu9ea-pigs 9 ! f[l-h\se w keep away rats4 ,9 a l>ge e/abli%m5t1 & 9 a mod]ate "o1 if ! outlay is n an object1 ! p5s = ! *ick5s & ! passages betwe5 ! v>i\s h\ses may be pr(itably cov]$ ) glass1 & grapes gr[n on ! raft]s4 ,rais+ *ick5s "u glass has be5 tri$ ) great success4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,! ,,f[l-,,y>d4 ,! sc>city ( p\ltry 9 ?is c\ntry p>tly arises f all gall9ace\s birds requir+ w>m? & dryness to keep !m 9 p]fect heal?1 :ile ! climate ( ,great ,brita9 is naturally moi/ & cold4 ,! w>me/ & drie/ soils1 says ,m[bray1 are ! be/ adapt$ to ! bre$+ & re>+ ( gall9ace\s f[ls1 m p>ticul>ly *ick5s4 ,a wet soil is ! wor/1 s9ce1 h[ev] ill affect$ f[ls are by cold1 !y endure x bett] ?an moi/ure4 ,l& prop] = %eep is g5]ally also adapt$ to ! successful keep+ ( p\ltry & rabbits4 ,b p\ltry may be re>$ & kept successfully ev5 on bad soils ) good dra9age & att5tion4 ,! ,h5wife says3 ,i d n consid] any "o soil necess>y = success 9 re>+ p\ltry4 ,"s ?9k a *alk soil ess5tial = ,dork+s1 b ,i h prov$ ! fallacy ( ?is op9ion by br++ up1 dur+ ?ree ye>s1 _m hundr$s ( ^! soi disant delicate birds on ! /rong blue clay ( ! ,c>se ( ,g[rie1 d\btless ?or\ghly dra9$1 t sy/em be+ well und]/ood & univ]sally practis$ by ! f>m]s ( ! di/rict4 ,a coat+ ( gravel & s& once a ye> is all t is requisite to secure ! necess>y dryness 9 ! runs4 ,! be/ soil = a p\ltry-y>d is gravel1 or s& re/+ on *alk or gravel4 ,:5 ! soil is clayey1 or damp f any o!r cause1 x %\ld be ?or\ghly dra9$1 & ! :ole or a good portion ( ! gr\nd %\ld be rais$ by ! addition ( twelve in*es ( *alk1 or bricklay]'s rubbi%1 ov] :i* %\ld be spread a few in*es ( s&4 ,cramp1 r\p1 & "s o!r diseases1 m frequ5tly arise f /agnant wet 9 ! soil ?an f any o!r cause4 ,! y>d %\ld be %elt]$ f ! nor? & ea/ w9ds1 & :]e ?is is effect$ by ! position ( a %rubb]y or plantation 9 :i* ! f[ls may be all[$ to run1 x w af=d ! advantage ( protection1 n only f w9d & cold1 b also %elt] f ! ra9 & ! burn+ sun4 ,x also furni%es h>b\rage = insects1 :i* w f9d !m bo? food & ex]cise 9 pick+ up4 ,inde$1 = all ^! purposes a few bu%es may be advantage\sly plant$ 9 or adjo9+ any p\ltry-y>d4 ,:5 a tree c be enclos$ 9 a run1 x =ms an agreeable object = ! eye1 & af=ds %elt] to ! f[ls4 ,a cov]$ run or %$ = %elt] 9 wet or hot wea!r is a great advantage1 especially if *ick5s are re>$4 ,x may be con/ruct$ ) a few r\gh poles support+ a ro( ( pat5t felt1 ?at*1 or r\gh bo>d1 pla9 or pa9t$ = pres]vation1 & may be made ( any l5g? & wid?1 f f\r feet upw>ds1 & ( any height f f\r feet at ! back & ?ree feet 9 ! front1 to eight feet at ! back & six feet 9 ! front4 ,! %$ %\ld1 if possible1 adjo9 ! f[l-h\se4 ,x %\ld be :olly or p>tly enclos$ ) wire-"w1 :i* %\ld be bo>d$ = a foot f ! gr\nd to keep out ! wet & sn[1 & to keep 9 small *ick5s4 ,! ro( %\ld project a foot beyond ! uprights :i* support x1 9 ord] to ?r[ ! ra9 well (f1 & h a gutt]-%oot to c>ry x away & prev5t x f be+ bl[n 9 ^u ! enclos$ space4 ,! floor %\ld be a little high] ?an ! level ( ! y>d1 bo? 9 ord] to keep x dry & ! easi] to keep x clean2 & x %\ld be high] at ! back ?an 9 ! front1 :i* w keep x dra9$ if any wet %\ld be bl[n 9 or wat] upset4 ,if pref]r$1 moveable nett+ may be us$1 s t ! f[ls c be all[$ _! lib]ty 9 f9e wea!r1 & be conf9$ 9 wet wea!r4 ,b ! bo>d+ mu/ be reta9$ to keep out ! wet4 ,! gr\nd may be left 9 its natural /ate = ! f[ls to scrat* 91 9 :i* case ! surface %\ld be dug up f "t to "t & replac$ ) fre% e>? press$ d[n mod]ately h>d4 ,if ! h\se is l>ge & has a good w9d[1 a %$ is n absolutely necess>y1 especially = a few f[ls only1 b x is a valuable addition1 & is also v useful to %elt] ! coops ( ! "m h5s & _! "y birds 9 wet1 w9dy1 or hot wea!r4 ,by daily att5tion to cleanl9ess1 a few f[ls may be kept 9 su* a cov]$ %$1 )\t hav+ any op5 run1 by employ+ a ?ick lay] ( dry pulv]is$ e>? z a deodoris]1 :i* is to be turn$ ov] ) a rake e day1 & replac$ ) fre% dry pulv]is$ e>? once a week4 ,! dry e>? entirely absorbs all od\r4 ,9 a run ( ?is k9d1 six squ>e feet %\ld be all[$ to ea* f[l kept1 = a small] surface ( ! dry e>? becomes moi/ & w !n no long] deodorise ! dung4 ,sift$ a%es spread an in* deep ov] ! floor ( ! :ole %$ w be a good sub/itute if ! dry e>? _c be _h4 ,!y %\ld be rak$ ov] e o!r morn+1 & r5ew$ at lea/ e =tnight1 or (t5] if possible4 ,! gr\nd %\ld be dug & turn$ ov] :5ev] x looks sodd51 or gives out any (f5sive smell2 & ?ree or f\r times a ye> ! pollut$ soil bel[ ! lay]1 t is1 ! e>? to ! dep? ( ?ree or f\r in*es1 %\ld be remov$ & replac$ ) fre% e>?1 gravel1 *alk1 or a%es4#b ,! %$ mu/ be s contriv$ t ! sun c %9e ^u ! f[ls dur+ "s "p ( ! day1 or !y w n cont9ue 9 heal? = any l5g? ( "t1 & x is almo/ impossible to re> heal?y *ick5s )\t its light & w>m?2 & x w be a great improvem5t if "p ( ! run is op54 ,ano!r %$ w be requir$ if *ick5s are to be re>$4 ,f[ls t are kept 9 small spaces or "u cov]$ runs w require a diff]5t diet to ^? t are all[$ to roam 9 fields & pick up insects1 grass1 c41 & mu/ be provid$ ) gre5 food1 animal food 9 place ( insects1 & be well suppli$ ) mort> rubbi% & gravel4 ,! height ( ! wall1 pal+1 or f5c+ t surr\nds ! y>d1 & ( ! p>titions1 if ! y>d is divid$ into comp>tm5ts = ! purpose ( keep+ two or m bre$s sep>ate & pure1 mu/ be accord+ to ! nature ( ! bre$4 ,?ree feet 9 height w be suffici5t to reta9 ,co*9s & ,brahmas2 six feet w be requir$ = mod]ate-siz$ f[ls2 & eight or n9e feet w be necess>y to conf9e ! ,game1 ,hamburg1 & ,bantam bre$s4 ,galvanis$ iron wire-nett+ is ! be/ mat]ial1 z x does n ru/1 & w n ne$ pa9t+ = a long "t4 ,x is made ( v>i\s degrees ( /r5g?1 & 9 diff]5t =ms1 & may be _h ) me%es v>y+ f ?ree-f\r?s ( an in* to two in*es or m2 ) v small me%es at ! l[] "p only1 to keep out rats & to keep 9 *ick5s2 ) spikes ^u ! top1 or ) scollop$ wire-"w1 :i* gives x a neat & f9i%$ appe>ance2 ) doors1 & ) iron /&>ds t]m9at+ 9 d\ble spikes to fix 9 ! gr\nd1 by :i* wood5 po/s are divid$1 :ile x c be easily fix$ & remov$4 ,! me%es %\ld n be m ?an two in*es wide1 & if ! me%es ( ! l[] "p are n v small1 x %\ld be bo>d$ to ab\t two feet six in*es f ! gr\nd1 9 ord] to keep out rats1 keep 9 *ick5s1 & to prev5t ! cocks fight+ ?r\gh ! wire1 :i* fight+ is m dang]\s ?an 9 ! op51 = ! birds are v liable to injure !mselves 9 ! me%es1 &1 ,dork+s especially1 to te> _! combs & toes 9 !m4 ,if iron /&>ds are n atta*$ to ! nett+1 x %\ld be /ret*$ to /\t po/s1 well fix$ 9 ! gr\nd1 eight feet ap>t1 & fa/5$ by galvanis$ iron /aples4 ,a rail at ! top gives a neat] appe>ance1 b induces ! f[ls to p]* ^u x1 :i* may tempt !m to fly ov]4 ,:]e x is n conv5i5t to fix a f5ce suffici5tly high1 or :5 a h5 j out ) h] brood has to be kept 91 a f[l may be prev5t$ f fly+ ov] f5ces by /ripp+ (f ! vanes or side %oots f ! fir/-flight fea!rs ( "o w+1 usually t5 9 numb]1 :i* w effectually prev5t ! bird f fly+1 & w n be unsightly1 z ! prim>y quills are always tuck$ "u ! o!rs :5 n us$ = fly+4 ,?is me?od answ]s mu* bett] ?an clipp+ ! quills ( ea* w+1 z ! cut po9ts are liable to inflict injuries & cause irritation 9 m\lt+4 ,! op5ness ( ! fea!rs ( f[ls :i* d n ?r[ (f ! wat] well1 l ^? ( mo/ birds1 enables !m to cleanse !mselves easi] f insects & dirt1 by du/+ _! fea!rs1 & !n %ak+ (f ! dirt & ^! m9ute pe/s ) ! du/4 ,= ?is purpose "o or m ample heaps ( sift$ a%es1 or v dry s& or e>?1 = !m to roll 91 mu/ be plac$ 9 ! sun1 &1 if possible1 "u %elt]1 s z to be w>m & p]fectly dry4 ,wood a%es are ! be/4 ,?is du/-heap is z necess>y to f[ls z wat] = wa%+ is to human be+s4 ,x cleanses _! fea!rs & sk9 f v]m9 & impurities1 promotes ! cuticul> or sk9 excretion1 & is mat]ially in/rum5tal 9 pres]v+ _! heal?4 ,if !y %\ld be mu* tr\bl$ ) insects1 mix 9 ! heap pl5ty ( wood a%es & a little fl\r ( sulphur4 ,a good supply ( old mort>-rubbi%1 or simil> sub/ance1 mu/ be kept "u ! %$1 or 9 a dry place1 to provide mat]ial = ! egg%ells1 or ! h5s w be liable to lay s(t-%ell$ eggs4 ,burnt oy/]-%ells are an excell5t sub/itute = common lime1 & %\ld be prep>$ = use by be+ heat$ r$-hot1 & :5 cold brok5 into small pieces ) ! f+]s1 b n p[d]$4 ,"s give *opp$ or gr\nd bones1 or a lump ( *alky m>l4 ,egg%ells r\ghly cru%$ are also good1 & are gre$ily dev\r$ by ! h5s4 ,a good supply ( gravel is also ess5tial1 ! small /ones :i* ! f[ls swall[ be+ necess>y to enable !m to dige/ _! h>d food4 ,f[ls swall[ all gra9 :ole1 _! bills n be+ adapt$ = cru%+ x l ! tee? ( ! rabbit or ! horse1 & x is prep>$ = dige/ion by ! action ( a /rong & muscul> gizz>d1 l9$ ) a t\gh lea!ry membrane1 :i* =ms a rem>kable peculi>ity 9 ! int]nal /ructure ( f[ls & turkeys4 ,by ! action1 says ,mr4 ,w4 ,h4 ,l4 ,m>t91 ( ! two ?ick muscul> sides ( ?is gizz>d on ea* o!r1 ! se$s & gra9s swall[$ 7& previ\sly mac]at$ 9 ! crop1 & !re s(t5$ by a peculi> secretion ooz+ f gl&ul> pores7 are gr\nd up1 or triturat$ 9 ord] t _! due dige/ion may take place4 ,x is a rem>kable fact t ^! birds are 9 ! habit ( swall[+ small pebbles1 bits ( gravel1 & simil> sub/ances1 :i* x w\ld seem are ess5tial to _! heal?4 ,! def9ite use ( ^! sub/ances1 :i* are c]ta9ly gr\nd d[n by ! mill-l action ( ! gizz>d1 has be5 a matt] ( diff]5ce among v>i\s physiologi/s1 & _m exp]im5ts1 ) a view to elucidate ! subject1 h be5 und]tak54 ,x 0 suffici5tly prov$ by ,spallanzani t ! dige/ive fluid 0 incapable ( dissolv+ gra9s ( b>ley1 c41 9 _! unbruis$ /ate2 & ?is he asc]ta9$ by fill+ small holl[ & p]=at$ balls & tubes ( metal or glass ) gra91 & caus+ !m to be swall[$ by turkeys & o!r f[ls2 :5 exam9$1 aft] tw5ty-f\r & =ty-eight h\rs1 ! gra9s 7 f\nd to be unaffect$ by ! ga/ric fluid2 b :5 he fill$ simil> balls & tubes ) bruis$ gra9s1 & caus$ !m to be swall[$1 he f\nd1 aft] a lapse ( ! same numb] ( h\rs1 t !y 7 m or less dissolv$ by ! action ( ! ga/ric juice4 ,9 o!r exp]im5ts1 he f\nd t metallic tubes introduc$ into ! gizz>d ( common f[ls & turkeys1 7 bruis$1 cru%$1 & di/ort$1 & ev5 t %>p-cutt+ in/rum5ts 7 brok5 up into blunt fragm5ts )\t hav+ produc$ ! slighte/ injury to ! gizz>d4 ,b ^! exp]im5ts g r to prove ! extraord9>y =ce & gr9d+ p[]s ( ! gizz>d1 ?an to ?r[ light ^u ! positive use ( ! pebbles swall[$2 :i*1 aft] all1 ,spallanzani ?\ght 7 swall[$ )\t any def9ite object1 b f m]e /upidity4 ,blum5ba* & ,dr4 ,bo/ock av] t f[ls1 h[ev] well suppli$ ) food1 gr[ lean )\t !m1 & to ?is we c be> our own te/imony4 ,yet ! "q1 :at is _! precise effect8 rema9s to be answ]$4 ,bo]have ?\ght x probable t !y might act z absorb5ts to sup]abundant acid2 o!rs h reg>d$ !m z irritants or /imulants to dige/ion2 & ,borelli suppos$ t !y might really contribute "s degree ( nutrim5t4 ,sir ,ev]>d ,home1 9 8 ,comp>ative ,anatomy1 says3 ,:5 ! ext]nal =m ( ?is organ is fir/ att5tively exam9$1 view+ t side :i* is ant]ior 9 ! liv+ bird1 & on :i* ! two bellies ( ! muscle & middle are m di/9ct1 !re be+ no o!r "p to ob/ruct ! view1 ! belly ( ! muscle on ! left side is se5 to be l>g] ?an on ! "r4 ,?is appe>s1 on reflection1 to be ( great advantage 9 produc+ ! necess>y motion2 = if ! two muscles 7 ( equal /r5g?1 !y mu/ keep a great] degree ( ex]tion ?an is necess>y2 :ile1 9 ! pres5t case1 ! pr9cipal effect is produc$ by t ( ! left side1 & a small] =ce is us$ by t on ! "r to br+ ! p>ts back aga94 ,! two bellies ( ! muscle1 by _! alt]nate action1 produce two effects--! "o a con/ant friction on ! cont5ts ( ! cavity2 ! o!r1 a pressure on !m4 ,?is la/ arises f a swell+ ( ! muscle inw>ds1 :i* readily expla9s all ! in/ances :i* h be5 giv5 by ,spallanzani & o!rs1 ( ! =ce ( ! gizz>d ^u sub/ances introduc$ into x--a =ce :i* is f\nd by _! exp]im5ts always to act 9 an oblique direction4 ,! int]nal cavity1 :5 op5$ 9 ?is di/5d$ /ate1 is f\nd to be ( an oval =m1 ! long diamet] be+ 9 ! l9e ( ! body2 its capacity ne>ly equal to ! size ( a pullet's egg2 & on ! sides !re are ridges 9 _! horny coat 7l9+ membrane7 9 ! long direction ( ! oval4 ,:5 ! horny coat is exam9$ 9 its int]nal /ructure1 ! fibres ( :i* x is =m$ are n f\nd 9 a direction p]p5dicul> to ! ligam5t\s sub/ance beh9d x2 b 9 ! upp] portion ( ! cavity x is obliquely upw>ds4 ,f ?is =m ( cavity x is evid5t t no "p ( ! sides is ev] int5d$ to be br\ght 9 contact1 & t ! food is triturat$ by be+ mix$ ) h>d bodies1 & act$ on by ! p[]ful muscles :i* =m ! gizz>d4 ,! exp]im5ts ( ,spallanzani %[ t ! muscul> action ( ! gizz>d is equally p[]ful :e!r ! small /ones are pres5t or n2 & t !y are n at all necess>y to ! trituration ( ! firme/ food1 or ! h>de/ =eign sub/ances2 b x is also q cle> t :5 ^! small /ones are put 9 motion by ! muscles ( ! gizz>d !y assi/ 9 cru%+ ! gra91 & at ! same "t prev5t x f consolidat+ into a ?ick1 heavy1 compact$ mass1 :i* w\ld take a f> long] "t 9 und]go+ ! dige/ive process ?an :5 sep>at$ & int]m+l$ ) ! pebbles4 ,?is 0 ! op9ion ( ! great physiologi/1 ,john ,hunt]1 :o1 9 8 treatise ,on ! ,animal ,economy1 aft] notic+ ! gr9d+ p[]s ( ! gizz>d1 says1 9 ref]5ce to ! pebbles swall[$1 ,we are n1 h[ev]1 to conclude t /ones are entirely useless2 = if we comp>e ! /r5g? ( ! muscles ( ! jaws ( animals :i* ma/icate _! food ) ^? ( birds :o d n1 we %all say t ! p>ts are well calculat$ = ! purpose ( ma/ication2 yet we are n !nce to inf] t ! tee? 9 su* jaws are useless1 ev5 al?\gh we h pro( t ! gums d ! bus9ess :5 ! tee? are gone4 ,if pebbles are ( use1 :i* we may reasonably conclude !y are1 birds h an advantage ov] animals hav+ tee?1 s f> z pebbles are always to be f\nd1 :ile ! tee? are n r5ew$4 ,if we con/antly f9d 9 an organ sub/ances :i* c only be subs]vi5t to ! functions ( t organ1 %\ld we d5y _! use1 al?\gh ! "p c d its (fice )\t !m8 ,! /ones assi/ 9 gr9d+ d[n ! gra91 &1 by sep>at+ its p>ts1 all[ ! ga/ric juice to come m readily 9 contact ) x4 ,:5 a paddock is us$ z a run = a l>ge numb] ( p\ltry1 x %\ld be enclos$ ei!r by a wall or pal+1 b n by a h$ge1 z ! f[ls c get ?r\gh x1 & w also lay _! eggs "u ! h$ge4 ,! paddock %\ld be well dra9$1 & x w be a great advantage if x conta9s a pond1 or has a /ream ( wat] runn+ ?r\gh or by x4 ,m[bray advises t ! grass run %\ld be s[n ) common trefoil or wild clov]1 ) a mixture ( burnet1 spurry1 or /orgrass1 :i* la/ two k9ds are p>ticul>ly salubri\s to p\ltry4 ,if ! grass is well root$ be=e ! f[ls are all[$ to run on x1 !y may range !re = sev]al h\rs daily1 accord+ to its ext5t & _! numb]1 b x %\ld be r5ew$ 9 ! spr+ by s[+ :]e x has become b>e or ?94 ,a dry common1 or pa/ure fields1 9 :i* !y may freely w&] & pick up grubs1 insects1 ants' eggs1 worms1 & leaves ( plants1 is a great advantage1 & !y may be accu/om$ to return f x at a call4 ,:]e !re is a cropp$ field1 or*>d1 or g>d51 9 :i* f[ls may roam at c]ta9 seasons1 :5 ! crops are safe f injury1 ea* brood %\ld be all[$ to w&] 9 x sep>ately = a few h\rs daily1 or on diff]5t days1 z may be mo/ conv5i5t4 ,a g>d5 dung-heap1 says ,mr4 ,baily1 ov]gr[n ) arti*okes1 mall[s1 c41 is an excell5t cov]t = *ick5s1 especially 9 hot wea!r4 ,!y f9d %elt] & meet ) _m insects !re4 ,:5 horse-dung is procur$ = ! g>d51 or suppli$ f y\r /ables1 "s %\ld be plac$ 9 a small tr5*1 & frequ5tly r5ew$1 9 :i* ! f[ls w amuse !mselves1 p>ticul>ly 9 w9t]1 by scrap+ = corn & worms4 ,:5 f[ls h n ! advantage ( a grass run !y %\ld be indulg$ ) a squ>e or two ( fre% turf1 z (t5 z x c be obta9$1 on :i* !y w fe$ & amuse !mselves4 ,x %\ld be heavy en\gh to enable !m to te> (f ! grass1 )\t be+ oblig$ to drag ! turf ab\t ) !m4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,food4 ,! foll[+ table1 :i* fir/ appe>$ 9 ! ,p\ltry ,di>y1 w %[ at a glance ! relative con/itu5ts & qualities ( ! diff]5t k9ds ( food1 & may be consult$ ) great advantage by ! p\ltry-keep]1 z x w enable him to proportion mix$ food correctly1 & to *ange x accord+ to ! production ( gr[?1 fle%1 or fat t may be desir$1 & accord+ to ! temp]ature ( ! season4 ,^! proportions1 ( c\rse1 are n absolutely inv>iable1 = ! relative proportions ( ! con/itu5ts ( ! gra9 w v>y ) ! soil1 manure us$1 & ! gr[+ & rip5+ *>act]i/ics ( ! season4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------- ,fle%- ,w>m?- ,bone- ,husk ,wat]4 =m+giv+ mak+ or ,!re is 9 e ,food4 ,food4 ,food4 ,fibre4 #ajj lbs4 ( ------------------------------ ,glut51,fat or ,/>*1 ,m9]al c4 ,oil4 c4 ,sub/ance ---------------------------------------- --------------------- ,oats #ae #f #dg #b #bj #aj ,oatmeal #ah #f #fc #b #b #i ,middl+s or f9e ,%>ps #ah #f #ec #e #d #ad ,:eat #ab #c #gj #b #a #ab ,b>ley #aa #b #fj #b #ad #a ,indian ,corn #aa #h #fe #a #e #aj ,rice #g a trace #hj a trace -- #ac ,beans & ,peas #be #b #dh #b #h #ae ,milk #da_/b #c #e #c_/d -- #hfc_/d ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,b>ley is m g5]ally us$ ?an any o!r gra91 &1 reckon$ by weight1 is *eap] ?an :eat or oats2 b1 unless 9 ! =m ( meal1 %\ld n be ! only gra9 giv51 = f[ls d n fatt5 ^u x1 z1 ?\gh possess+ a v fair proportion ( fle%-=m+ sub/ances1 x conta9s a less] am\nt ( fatty matt]s ?an o!r v>ieties ( corn4 ,9 ,surrey b>ley is ! usual gra9 giv51 except+ dur+ ! "t ( incubation1 :5 ! sitt+ h5s h oats1 z be+ less heat+ to ! sy/em ?an ! =m]4 ,b>ley-meal conta9s ! same compon5t p>ts z ! :ole gra91 be+ gr\nd ) ! husk1 b only inf]ior b>ley is made into meal4 ,:eat ( ! be/ description is de>] ?an b>ley1 bo? by weight & measure1 & possesses b ab\t "o-twelf? "p m fle%-=m+ mat]ial1 b x is =tunate t ! small *eap :eat is ! be/ = p\ltry1 = ,pr(essor ,john/on says1 ! small or tail corn :i* ! f>m] sep>ates be=e br++ 8 gra9 to m>ket is ri*] 9 glut5 7fle%-=m+ food7 ?an ! full-gr[n gra91 & is !re=e m nutriti\s4 ,! ,h5wife f9ds light :eats or tail+s ! be/ gra9 = daily use1 & next to t b>ley4 ,oats are de>] ?an b>ley by weight4 ,! heavie/ %\ld be b\ght1 z !y conta9 v little m husk ?an ! lighte/1 & are !re=e *eap] 9 proportion4 ,oats & oatmeal conta9 mu* m fle%-=m+ mat]ial ?an any o!r k9d ( gra91 & d\ble ! am\nt ( fatty mat]ial ?an :eat1 & ?ree times z mu* z b>ley4 ,m[bray says oats are apt to cause sc\r+1 & *ick5s become tir$ ( !m2 b !y are recomm5d$ by _m = promot+ lay+1 & 9 ,k5t1 ,sussex1 & ,surrey = fatt5+4 ,f[ls frequ5tly refuse ! light] samples ( oats1 b if soak$ 9 wat] = a few h\rs s z to swell ! k]nel1 !y w n refuse !m4 ,! meal conta9s m fle%-=m+ mat]ial ?an ! :ole gra94 ,! meal ( :eat & b>ley are mu* ! same z ! :ole gra91 b oatmeal is dri] & sep>at$ f a l>ge portion ( ! husk1 :i* makes x too de> except = fatt5+ f[ls & fe$+ ! y\nge/ *ick5s1 = :i* x is ! v be/ food4 ,f9e middl+s1 also t]m$ %>ps & ?irds1 & 9 ,london co>se c\ntry fl\r1 are mu* l oatmeal1 b *eap] ?an ! be/1 & may be *eaply & advantage\sly employ$ in/ead ( oatmeal1 or mix$ ) boil$ or /eam$ small potatoes or roots4 ,_m writ]s recomm5d refuse corn = f[ls1 & ! great] numb] ( p\ltry-keep]s on a small scale p]haps ?9k su* light common gra9 ! *eape/ food2 b ?is is a great mi/ake1 z1 ?\gh "y f[ls may be f$ on (fal & refuse1 x is ! be/ economy to give ! old] birds ! f9e/ k9d ( gra91 bo? = fatt5+ & lay+1 & ev5 ! "y f[ls %\ld be f$ ^u ! be/ if f9e birds = bre$+ or exhibition are desir$4 ,in/ead ( giv+ ord9>y or tail corn to my fatt5+ or bre$+ p\ltry1 says ,m[bray1 ,i h always f\nd x mo/ advantage\s to all[ ! heavie/ & ! be/2 ?us putt+ ! conf9$ f[ls on a level ) ^? at ! b>n-door1 :]e !y are sure to get _! %>e ( ! weightie/ & f9e/ corn4 ,?is high fe$+ %[s itself n only 9 ! size & fle% ( ! f[ls1 b 9 ! size1 weight1 & sub/antial goodness ( _! eggs1 :i*1 9 ^! valuable p>ticul>s1 w prove f> sup]ior to ! eggs ( f[ls f$ ^u ord9>y corn or wa%y potatoes2 two eggs ( ! =m] go+ fur!r 9 dome/ic use ?an ?ree ( ! latt]4 ,sweep+s sometimes conta9 poison\s or hurtful sub/ances1 & are always de>]1 weight = weight1 ?an s\nd gra94 ,"s p\ltry-keep]s recomm5d t ! gra9 %\ld be boil$1 :i* makes x swell greatly1 & consequ5tly fills ! f[l's crop ) a small] quantity1 & ! bird is satisfi$ ) less ?an if dry gra9 be giv52 b o!rs say t ! f[ls d]ive m nutrim5t f ! same quantity ( gra9 unboil$4 ,inde$1 x seems evid5t t a portion ( ! nutrim5t mu/ pass into ! wat]1 & also evaporate 9 /eam4 ,! f[l's gizz>d be+ a p[]ful gr9d+ mill1 evid5tly design$ by ,provid5ce = ! purpose ( cru%+ ! gra9 into meal1 x is cle> t :ole gra9 is ! natural diet ( f[ls1 & t s(t] k9ds ( food are *iefly to be us$ = ! fir/ or morn+ meal = f[ls conf9$ 9 h\ses 7see p4 #cd71 & = ^? be+ fatt5$ artificially 9 coops1 :]e x is desir$ to help ! f[l's dige/ive p[]s1 & to conv]t ! food into fle% z quickly z possible4 ,indian corn or maize1 ei!r :ole or 9 meal1 mu/ n be giv5 9 too great a proportion1 z x is v fatt5+ f ! l>ge quantity ( oil x conta9s2 b mix$ ) b>ley or b>ley-meal1 x is a mo/ economical & useful food4 ,x is useful = a *ange1 b is n a good food by itself4 ,x may be giv5 once or twice a week1 especially 9 ! w9t]1 ) advantage4 ,f its size small birds _c eat x & rob ! f[ls4 ,:e!r :ole or 9 meal1 ! maize %\ld be scald$1 t ! swell+ may be done be=e x is eat54 ,! yell[-col\r$ maize is n s good z t :i* is r$di% or r r$di%-br[n4 ,buck:eat is ab\t equal to b>ley 9 fle%-=m+ food1 & is v mu* us$ on ! ,cont95t4 ,mr4 ,wright has a /rong op9ion t ! enorm\s production ( eggs & f[ls 9 ,france is to "s ext5t connect$ ) ! almo/ univ]sal use ( buck:eat by ,fr5* p\ltry-keep]s4 ,x is n (t5 to be _h *eap 9 ?is c\ntry1 b is h>dy & may be gr[n any:]e at little co/4 ,mr4 ,edw>ds says1 he obta9$ 7)\t manure7 =ty bu%els to ! acre1 on v poor s&y soil1 t w\ld n h produc$ eighte5 bu%els ( oats4 ,! se$ is angul> 9 =m1 n unlike hempse$2 & is /imulat+1 f ! quantity ( _s x conta9s4 ,peas1 beans1 & t>es conta9 an extraord9>y quantity ( fle%-=m+ mat]ial1 & v little ( fat-=m+1 b are too /imulat+ = g5]al use1 & w\ld h>d5 ! muscul> fibres & give too great firmness ( fle% to f[ls t are be+ fatt5$1 b :]e t>es are at a l[ price1 or peas or beans pl5tiful1 /ock f[ls may be advantage\sly f$ ^u any ( ^!1 & !y may be giv5 occasionally to f[ls t are be+ fatt5$4 ,x is bett] to give !m boil$ ?an 9 a raw /ate1 especially if !y are h>d & dry1 & ! beans 9 p>ticul> may be too l>ge = ! f[ls to swall[ com=tably4 ,ne> ,g5eva f[ls are f$ *iefly ^u t>es4 ,p\ltry reject ! wild t>es ( :i* pigeons are s fond4 ,rice is n a *eap food4 ,:5 boil$ x absorbs a great quantity ( wat] & =ms a l>ge sub/ance1 b1 ( c\rse1 only conta9s ! orig9al quantity ( gra9 :i* is ( inf]ior value1 especially = gr[+ *ick5s1 z x consi/s almo/ entirely ( />*1 & does n conta9 q half ! am\nt ( fle%-=m+ mat]ials z oats4 ,:5 brok5 or slightly damag$ x may be _h mu* *eap]1 & w d z well z ! f9e/4 ,boil x = half an h\r 9 skim-milk or wat]1 & !n let x /& 9 ! wat] till cold1 :5 x w h swoll5 greatly1 & be s firm t x c be tak5 out 9 lumps1 & easily brok5 into pieces4 ,9 addition to its /r5g!n+ & fatt5+ qualities rice is consid]$ to improve ! delicacy ( ! fle%4 ,f[ls are especially fond ( x at fir/1 b soon gr[ tir$ ( ?is food4 ,if mix$ ) less cloy+ food1 su* z bran1 !y w\ld probably cont9ue to reli% x4 ,hempse$ is mo/ /r5g!n+ dur+ m\lt+ "t1 & %\ld !n be giv5 freely1 especially 9 cold localities4 ,l9se$ /eep$ is occasionally giv51 *iefly to birds int5d$ = exhibition1 to increase ! secretion ( oil1 & give lu/re to _! plumage4 ,potatoes1 f ! l>ge quantity ( />* !y conta91 are n good unmix$1 z regul> food1 b mix$ ) bran or meal are mo/ conducive to good condition & lay+4 ,!y conta9 a great proportion ( nutrim5t1 comp>atively to _! bulk & price2 & may be advantage\sly & pr(itably giv5 :]e ! numb] ( eggs produc$ is ( m consequ5ce ?an _! flav\r or goodness4 ,a good morn+ meal ( s(t food = a few f[ls may be provid$ daily almo/ = no?+ by boil+ ! potato peel+s till s(t1 & ma%+ !m up ) en\gh bran1 slightly scald$1 to make a tol]ably /iff dry pa/e4 ,! peel+s w supply z _m f[ls z !re are p]sons at ! d9n] table4 ,a little salt %\ld always be add$1 & 9 w9t] a slight spr9kl+ ( pepp] is good4 ,x is indisp5sable1 says ,mr4 ,dickson1 to give ! potatoes to f[ls n only 9 a boil$ /ate1 b hot2 n s hot1 h[ev]1 z to burn _! m\?s1 z !y are /upid en\gh to d if p]mitt$4 ,!y dislike cold potatoes1 & w n eat !m will+ly4 ,x is likewise requisite to break all ! potatoes a little1 = !y w n unfrequ5tly leave a potato :5 ?r[n d[n unbrok51 tak+ x1 probably1 = a /one1 s9ce ! mom5t ! sk9 is brok5 & ! :ite ( ! int]ior is br\ght into view1 !y fall ^u x gre$ily4 ,:5 pieces ( raw potatoes are accid5tally 9 _! way1 f[ls w sometimes eat !m1 ?\gh !y are n fond ( ^!1 & x is d\btful :e!r !y are n injuri\s4 ,mangold-wurtzel1 sw$es1 or o!r turnips1 boil$ ) a v small quantity ( wat]1 until q s(t1 & !n ?ick5$ ) ! v be/ middl+s or meal1 is ! v be/ s(t food1 especially = ,dork+s4 ,s(t food %\ld always be mix$ r dry & friable1 & n porridgy1 = !y d n l /icky food1 :i* cl+s r\nd _! beaks & annoys !m1 besides (t5 caus+ di>rhoea4 ,!re %\ld nev] be en\gh wat] 9 food to cause x to gli/5 9 ! light4 ,if ! s(t food is mix$ boil+ hot at night & put 9 ! ov51 or cov]$ ) a clo?1 x w be w>m 9 ! morn+1 9 :i* /ate x %\ld always be giv5 9 cold wea!r4 ,f[ls h _! likes & dislikes z well z human be+s1 "s pref]r+ "o k9d ( gra9 to all o!rs1 :i* gra9 is aga9 dislik$ by o!r f[ls4 ,!y also gr[ tir$ ( ! same food1 & w ?rive all ! bett] = hav+ z mu* v>iety ( diet z possible1 "s little *ange 9 ! food be+ made e few days4 ,f[ls %\ld n be =c$ or press$ to take food to :i* !y %[ a dislike4 ,x is mo/ important to give !m *iefly t :i* !y l be/1 z x is a rule1 ) b few exceptions1 t :at is eat5 ) mo/ reli% agrees be/ & is mo/ easily dige/$2 b c>e mu/ be tak5 n to give too mu*1 = "o sort ( gra9 be+ m pleas+ to _! palate ?an ano!r1 induces !m to eat glutton\sly m ?an is necess>y or heal?y4 ,m4 ,reaumur made _m c>eful exp]im5ts ^u ! fe$+ ( f[ls1 & among !m f\nd t !y 7 mu* m easily satisfi$ ?an might be suppos$ f ! gre$y voracity :i* !y exhibit :5 !y are f$1 & t ! sorts ( food mo/ easily dige/$ by !m are ^? ( :i* !y eat ! greate/ quantity4 ,no def9ite scale c be giv5 = ! quantity ( food :i* f[ls require1 z x mu/ necess>ily v>y ) ! diff]5t bre$s1 sizes1 ages1 condition1 & heal? ( ! f[ls2 & ) ! seasons ( ! ye>1 & ! temp]ature ( ! season1 mu* m food be+ necess>y to keep up ! prop] degree ( animal heat 9 w9t] ?an 9 summ]2 & ! am\nt ( se$s1 insects1 vegetables1 & o!r food t !y may pick up 9 a run ( m or less ext5t4 ,ov]-fe$+1 :e!r by excess ( quantity or excess ( /imulat+ con/itu5ts1 is ! cause ( ! mo/ g5]al diseases1 ! great] proportion ( ^! diseases1 & ( mo/ ( ! dea?s f natural causes among f[ls4 ,:5 f[ls are nei!r lay+ well nor m\lt+1 !y %\ld n be f$ v abundantly2 = 9 su* a /ate ov]-fe$+1 especially ) ri* food1 may cause !m to accumulate too mu* fat4 ,a fat h5 ceases to lay1 or ne>ly1 :ile an ov]-f$ cock becomes lazy & useless1 & may die ( apoplexy4 ,b half-f$ f[ls nev] pay :e!r kept = ! table or to produce eggs4 ,a f[l _c get fat or make an egg a day ^u little or poor food4 ,a h5 produc+ eggs w eat ne>ly twice z mu* food z at ano!r "t4 ,9 cold wea!r give pl5ty ( dry bread soak$ 9 ale4 ,p\ltry pref] to pick _! food (f ! gr\nd4 ,no plan1 says ,mr4 ,baily1 is s extravagant or s injuri\s z to ?r[ d[n heaps once or twice p] day4 ,!y %\ld h x scatt]$ z f> & wide z possible1 t ! birds may be long & heal?ily employ$ 9 f9d+ x1 & may n accompli% 9 a few m9utes t :i* %\ld occupy !m = h\rs4 ,= ?is reason e sort ( fe$] or hopp] is bad4 ,x is ! nature ( f[ls to take a gra9 at a "t1 & to pick grass & dirt ) x1 :i* assi/ dige/ion4 ,!y %\ld fe$ z pheasants1 p>tridges1 gr\se1 & o!r game d 9 a /ate ( nature2 if1 contr>y to ?is1 !y are enabl$ to eat corn by m\?fuls1 _! crops are soon ov]fill$1 & !y seek relief 9 excessive draughts ( wat]4 ,no?+ is m injuri\s ?an ?is1 & ! inactivity t att5ds ! discom=t caus$ by x lays ! f\ndation ( _m disord]s4 ,! advantage ( scatt]+ ! food is1 t all !n get _! %>e2 :ile if x is ?r[n only on a small space ! ma/] birds get ! great] "p1 :ile ! o!rs wait ar\nd4 ,9 mo/ p\ltry-y>ds m ?an half ! food is wa/$2 ! same quantity is ?r[n d[n day aft] day1 )\t ref]5ce to "t ( ye>1 alt]ation ( numb]s1 or v>iation ( appetite1 & t :i* is n eat5 is trodd5 ab\t1 or tak5 by small birds4 ,_m a p\ltry-y>d is coat$ ) corn & meal4 ,if two f[ls w n run aft] "o piece1 !y d n want x4 ,if a tr\gh is us$1 ! be/ k9d is ! simple/1 be+ m]ely a long1 op5 "o1 %ap$ l t us$ = pigs1 b on a small] scale4 ,x %\ld be plac$ ab\t a foot f "o ( ! sides ( ! y>d1 beh9d "s r\nd rails driv5 into ! gr\nd ?ree in*es ap>t1 s t ! f[ls _c get into ! tr\ghs1 s z to upset !m1 or tread 9 or o!rwise dirty ! food4 ,! rails %\ld be all ( ! same height1 & a slant+ bo>d be fix$ ov] ! tr\gh4 ,"s p]sons give b "o meal a day1 & t g5]ally 9 ! morn+2 ?is is false economy1 = ! :ole ( ! nutrim5t conta9$ 9 ! "o meal is absorb$ 9 keep+ up ! animal heat1 & !re is no mat]ial = produc+ eggs4 ,! numb] ( meals p] day1 says ,mr4 ,wright1 be/ consi/5t ) real economy w v>y f two to ?ree1 accord+ to ! size ( ! run4 ,if x be ( mod]ate ext5t1 s t !y c 9 any degree =age = !mselves1 two are q suffici5t1 at lea/ 9 summ]1 & %\ld be giv5 e>ly 9 ! morn+ & ! la/ ?+ be=e ! birds g to roo/4 ,9 any case1 ^! w be ! pr9cipal meals2 b :5 ! f[ls are kept 9 conf9em5t !y w require1 9 addition1 a scanty fe$ at mid-day4 ,! fir/ fe$+ %\ld consi/ ( s(t food ( "s k9d4 ,! birds h pass$ a :ole night s9ce !y 7 la/ f$2 & x is important1 especially 9 cold wea!r1 t a fre% supply %\ld z soon z possible be got into ! sy/em1 & n m]ely into ! crop4 ,b if gra9 be giv51 x has to be gr\nd 9 ! poor bird's gizz>d be=e x c be dige/$1 & on a cold w9t]'s morn+ ! delay is any?+ b b5eficial4 ,b1 = ! v same reason1 at ! ev5+ meal gra9 =ms ! be/ food :i* c be suppli$2 x is dige/$ sl[ly1 & dur+ ! long cold nights af=ds support & w>m? to ! f[ls4 ,!y %\ld be f$ at regul> h\rs1 & w !n soon become accu/om$ to !m1 & n loit] ab\t ! h\se or kit*5 door all day long1 expect+ food1 :i* !y w d if f$ irregul>ly or too (t51 & neglect to =age ab\t = !mselves1 & ?us co/ m = food4 ,grass is ( ! greate/ value = all k9ds ( p\ltry1 & :]e !y h no paddock1 or grass-plot1 fre% vegetables mu/ be giv5 !m daily1 z gre5 food is ess5tial to ! heal? ( all p\ltry1 ev5 ( ! v y\nge/ *ick5s4 ,cabbage & lettuce leaves1 sp9a*1 endive1 turnip-tops1 turnips cut into small pieces & scatt]$ l gra91 or cut 9 two1 radi%-leaves1 or any refuse1 b n /ale vegetables w d2 b ! be/ ?+ is a l>ge sod ( fre%-cut turf4 ,!y are p>tial to all ! mild succul5t we$s1 su* z *ickwe$ & ,*5opodium1 or fat-h51 & eat ! leaves ( mo/ trees & %rubs1 ev5 ^? ( ev]gre5s2 b !y reject ! leaves ( /rawb]ries1 cel]y1 p>snips1 c>rots1 potatoes1 onions1 & leeks4 ,! supply ( gre5 food may be unlimit$1 b p\ltry %\ld nev] be entirely f$ on raw gre5s4 ,cabbage & sp9a* are /ill m relax+ :5 boil$ ?an raw4 ,!y are v fond ( ! fruit ( ! mulb]ry & *]ry trees1 & w enjoy any t falls1 & prev5t x f be+ wa/$4 ,insect food is important to f[ls1 & ess5tial = *ick5s & lay+ h5s4 ,!re is no sort ( insect1 p]haps1 says ,mr4 ,dickson1 :i* f[ls w n eat4 ,!y are exce$+ly fond ( flies1 beetles1 gras%opp]s1 & crickets1 b m p>ticul>ly ( e sort ( grub1 cat]pill>1 & maggot1 ) ! rem>kable exception ( ! cat]pill> mo? ( ! magpie 7,abraxas ,grossul>ia71 :i* no bird w t\*4 ,m4 ,reaumur m5tions ! circum/ance ( a quantity ( :eat /or$ 9 a corn-l(t be+ mu* infect$ ) ! cat]pill>s ( ! small corn-mo?1 :i* sp9s a web & unites sev]al gra9s toge!r4 ,a "y lady devis$ ! plan ( tak+ "s *ick5s to ! l(t to fe$ on ! cat]pill>s1 ( :i* !y 7 s fond t 9 a few days !y dev\r$ !m all1 )\t t\*+ a s+le gra9 ( ! corn4 ,mr4 ,dickson obs]ves1 t biscuit-du/ f %ips' /ores1 :i* consi/s ( biscuit m\ld]$ into meal1 mix$ ) fragm5ts /ill unbrok51 w\ld be an excell5t food = p\ltry1 if soak$ 9 boil+ wat] & giv5 !m hot4 ,x is ?us us$ = fe$+ pigs ne> ! l>g] seaports1 :]e x c sometimes be _h 9 consid]able quantity1 & at a v reasonable price4 ,x w be no detrim5t to ?is mat]ial if x be full ( weevils & _! grubs1 ( :i* f[ls are fond] ?an ( ! biscuit itself4 ,!re is n any food ( :i* p\ltry g5]ally are s fond z ( e>?worms2 b all f[ls are n equally fond ( !m1 & "s w n t\* !m4 ,!y w n eat dead worms4 ,too _m ought n to be giv51 or !y w become too fat & cease lay+4 ,:5 f[ls are int5d$ = ! table worms %\ld n be giv51 z !y are said always m or less to det]iorate ! flav\r ( ! fle%4 ,a good supply may easily be obta9$4 ,by /amp+ h>d ^u ! gr\nd1 z angl]s d1 worms w rise to ! surface2 b a bett] me?od is to ?ru/ a /rong /ake or a ?ree-prong$ potato-=k into ! gr\nd1 to ! dep? ( a foot or s1 & j]k x backw>ds & =w>ds1 s z to %ake ! soil all ar\nd4 ,by go+ out ) a light at night 9 calm1 mild wea!r1 p>ticul>ly :5 !re is dew1 or aft] ra91 a cauti\s obs]v] w see l>ge numb]s ( worms ly+ on ! gr\nd1 gravel-walks1 grass-plots or pa/ures2 b !y are easily fright5$ into _! holes1 ?\gh ) caution & dext]ity a great numb]1 & ^? *iefly ( ! l>ge/ size1 may be captur$4 ,mr4 ,dickson advises t cottag]s' *ildr5 %\ld be employ$ to imitate ! example ( ! rooks1 by foll[+ ! pl\gh or ! digg]1 & collect+ ! worms :i* are disclos$ to view2 & also to collect cock-*af]s1 &1 :at w\ld be m advantage\s1 !y might be set to collect ! grubs ( ?is de/ructive insect aft] ! pl\gh1 & ?us1 :ile provid+ a ri* banquet = ! p\ltry1 !y w\ld be cle>+ ! fields ( a mo/ de/ructive insect4 ,f[ls are v fond ( %ell snails4 ,!y are /ill m fatt5+ ?an worms1 & !re=e too _m mu/ n be giv5 :5 lay+1 b !y d n injure ! flav\r ( ! fle%4 ,"s w eat slugs1 b !y are n g5]ally fond ( ^!1 & _m f[ls w n t\* !m4 ,"o great secret ( pr(itable p\ltry-keep+ is1 t h5s _c ?rive & lay )\t a consid]able quantity ( animal food1 & !re=e if !y _c obta9 a suffici5t quantity 9 ! =m ( insects1 x mu/ be suppli$ 9 meat1 :i*1 m9c$ small1 %\ld be giv5 daily & also to all f[ls 9 w9t]1 z insects are !n n to be _h4 ,mr4 ,baily says3 ,d n give f[ls meat1 b always h ! bones ?r[n out to !m aft] d9n]2 !y enjoy pick+ !m1 & p]=m ! op]ation p]fectly4 ,d n fe$ on raw meat2 x makes f[ls qu>relsome1 & gives !m a prop5sity to peck ea* o!r1 especially 9 m\lt+ "t if ! accu/om$ meat be )held4 ,!y w peck at ! w\nd ( ano!r f[l to procure blood1 & ev5 at _! own w\nds :5 )9 rea*4 ,take c>e t long pieces ( membrane1 or ?ick sk91 t\gh gri/le or s9ew1 or pieces ( bone1 are n left /ick+ to ! meat1 or x may *oke !m1 or =m a lodgm5t 9 ! crop4 ,pieces ( suet or fat1 says ,mr4 ,dickson1 are lik$ by f[ls bett] ?an any o!r sort ( animal food2 b1 if suppli$ 9 any quantity1 w soon r5d] !m too fat = cont9u+ to lay4 ,%\ld !re be any quantity ( fat to dispose (1 x ought1 !re=e1 to be giv5 at int]vals1 & mix$ or accompani$ ) bran1 :i* w s]ve to fill _! crops )\t produc+ too mu* nutrim5t4 ,x is a good plan :5 !re are pl5ty ( bones & scraps ( meat to boil !m well1 & mix bran or poll>d ) ! liquor be=e giv+ !m to ! f[ls1 z x makes ! meat easi] to m9ce1 & extracts n\ri%m5t f ! bones4 ,:5 m9c$-meat is requir$ = a l>ge numb] ( f[ls1 a m9c+ or sausage ma*9e w save mu* "t & prep>e ! meat bett] ?an *opp+4 ,!y are z fond ( fi%1 :e!r salt$ or fre%1 z ( fle%4 ,crumbs1 fragm5ts ( pa/ry1 & all ! refuse & slops ( ! kit*5 may be giv5 !m4 ,greaves1 s mu* adv]tis$ = f[ls1 are v bad1 rapidly ?r[+ !m out ( condition1 caus+ _! fea!rs to fall (f1 spoil+ ! flav\r ( ! fle%2 !y cause premature decrepitude1 & eng5d] _m diseases1 ! mo/ common be+ dropsy ( an incurable "*4 ,:]e !re is no dang] f ?ieves1 foxes1 or o!r v]m91 & ! run is ext5sive1 x is ! be/ plan to leave ! small door ( ! f[l-h\se op51 & ! f[ls w g out at daybreak & pick up _m an e>ly worm & insect4 ,! morn+ meal may be giv5 :5 ! h\sehold has ris54 ,a con/ant supply ( fre% clean wat] is indisp5sable4 ,f\nta9s are pref]able to op5 vessels1 9 :i* ! f[ls are apt to void _! dung1 & ! *ick5s to dabble & cat* cold1 (t5 caus+ r\p1 cramp1 c4 ,! simple/ k9d ( wat] vessel is a sauc] made ( r$ pott]y1 conta9+ sev]al circul>1 conc5tric tr\ghs1 ea* ab\t an in* wide1 & ( ! same dep?4 ,*ick5s _c get dr[n$ 9 ^! %all[ vessels1 b unless plac$ beh9d rails ! wat] w be dirti$ by ! f[ls4 ,!y are sold at all e>!nw>e %ops1 & are us$ = =c+ e>ly mu/>d 94 ,a capital f\nta9 may be made ) an e>!nw>e j> or fl[]-pot & a fl[]-pot sauc]4 ,bore a small hole 9 ! j> or fl[]-pot an in* & a half f ! edge ( ! rim1 or deta* a piece ab\t ?ree-qu>t]s ( an in* deep & "o in* wide1 f ! rim1 & if a fl[]-pot is us$ plug ! hole 9 ! bottom airtight ) a piece ( cork2 fill ! vessel ) wat]1 place ! sauc] bottom upw>ds on ! top1 press x closely1 & quickly turn bo? upside d[n1 :5 ! wat] w fl[ into ! sauc]1 fill+ up ! space betwe5 x & ! vessel up to ! same height z ! hole 9 ! side ( ! j> or fl[]-pot1 !re=e ! hole 9 ! side ( ! rim ( ! vessel mu/ n be q s deep z ! height ( ! side ( ! sauc]2 & above all ! plug 9 ! fl[]-pot mu/ be airtight4 ,?is f\nta9 is *eap1 simple1 & easily clean$4 ,wat] may also be kept 9 tr\ghs1 or e>!nw>e pans1 plac$ 9 ! same way4 ,! f\nta9s & pans %\ld be wa%$ & fill$ ) fre% wat] once e day1 & (t5] 9 w>m wea!r2 & !y %\ld occasionally be sc\r$ ) s& to remove ! gre5 slime :i* collects on ! surface1 & produces r\p1 gapes1 & o!r diseases4 ,9 w9t] ! vessels %\ld always be empti$ at night1 9 ord] to avoid ice f =m+ 9 !m1 :i* is tr\blesome to remove1 & sn[ mu/ nev] be all[$ to fall into !m1 sn[-wat] be+ mo/ injuri\s to p\ltry4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,eggs4 ,dur+ ! natural process ( m\lt+1 h5s cease lay+ because all ! sup]abundant nutrim5t is requir$ = ! production ( ! new fea!rs4 ,f[ls m\lt lat] ea* "t2 ! m\lt+ occupies a long] p]iod1 & is m sev]e z x becomes lat]1 & if ! wea!r %\ld be cold at its t]m9ation !y seldom recomm5ce lay+ = "s "t4 ,b "y f[ls m\lt 9 spr+4 ,!re=e1 by hav+ pullets & h5s ( diff]5t ages1 & m\lt+ at diff]5t times1 a heal?y lay+ /ock may be kept up4 ,pullets hat*$ 9 ,m>*1 & con/antly f$ highly1 n only lay eggs abundantly 9 ! autumn1 b :5 kill$ 9 ! foll[+ ,febru>y or ,m>*1 are z fat z any "o c\ld or ne$ desire !m to be1 & op5 m l ,mi*aelmas geese ?an *ick5s4 ,:5 eggs alone are want$1 y c comm5ce by buy+ 9 ! spr+ z _m h5s z y require1 & y\r run w accommodate1 n m ?an a ye> or eighte5 mon?s old4 ,if 9 good heal? & condition1 !y w be already lay+1 or w beg9 almo/ imm$iately2 &1 if well h\s$ & f$1 w give a con/ant supply ( eggs until !y m\lt 9 ! autumn4 ,:5 ^! h5s h ceas$ lay+1 & be=e !y lose _! good condition by m\lt+1 !y %\ld be ei!r kill$ or sold1 unless !y are ,hamburgs1 ,brahmas1 or ,co*9s1 & replac$ by pullets hat*$ 9 ,m>* or ,april1 :i* w h m\lt$ e>ly1 &1 if prop]ly h\s$ & f$1 w beg9 to lay by ,novemb] at ! late/1 & cont9ue lay+ until ,febru>y or ,m>*1 :5 !y may be sold or kill$1 be+ !n 9 prime condition1 & replac$ z be=e2 or1 z !y w n /op lay+ = any l5g? ( "t1 ! be/ may be kept until ! autumn1 :51 if pr(it is ! *ief consid]ation1 !y mu/ be dispos$ (4#c ,b ,brahmas1 ,co*9s1 & ,hamburgs w lay ?r\gh ! w9t] up to _! second1 or ev5 ?ird ye>4 ,if y comm5ce p\ltry-keep+ 9 ! autumn y %\ld buy pullets hat*$ 9 ! prec$+ spr+4 ,! be/ & *eape/ plan ( keep+ up a good /ock is to keep a full-fea!r$ ,co*9 or two = ,m>* or ,april sitt+2 &1 if necess>y1 procure eggs ( ! bre$ y desire4 ,! ,co*9 w sit aga91 be+ only too (t5 ready = ! task2 & ! lat]-hat*$ *ick5s c be fatt5$ pr(itably = ! table4 ,b if y wi% to obta9 eggs all ! ye> r\nd1 & to avoid replac+ ( /ock1 or object to ! tr\ble ( re>+ *ick5s1 keep only ^? bre$s t are non-sitt]s1 z ! ,hamburgs1 ,pol&s1 & ,spani%2 b y mu/ pur*ase y\ng] birds f "t to "t to keep a supply ( lay+ h5s :ile o!rs are m\lt+4 ,w>m? is mo/ ess5tial = promot+ lay+4 ,a sev]e fro/ w sudd5ly /op ! lay+ ( ev5 ! mo/ prolific h5s4 ,:51 says ,m4 ,bosc1 x is wi%$ to h eggs dur+ ! cold season1 ev5 9 ! dead ( w9t]1 x is necess>y to make ! f[ls roo/ ov] an ov51 9 a /able1 9 a %$ :]e _m cattle are kept1 or to erect a /ove 9 ! f[l-h\se on purpose4 ,by su* me?ods1 ! f>m]s ( ,ange h *ick5s fit = ! table 9 ! mon? ( ,april1 a p]iod :5 !y are only beg9n+ to be hat*$ 9 ! f>ms ar\nd ,p>is1 al?\gh f>!r to ! s\?4 ,x is ! w9t] managem5t ( f[ls t decides ! "q ( pr(it or loss1 = h5s w be sure to pay 9 ! summ]1 ev5 if only tol]ably att5d$ to4 ,x is ?\ght by _m t ea* h5 c produce only a c]ta9 numb] ( eggs2 & if su* be ! case1 x is v advantage\s to obta9 a portion ( !m 9 w9t] :5 !y are g5]ally sc>ce & c be eat5 :ile fre%1 in/ead ( hav+ ! :ole numb] produc$ 9 ! summ]1 :5 s _m are spoil$ f too long keep+ 9 consequ5ce ( m be+ produc$ ?an are requir$ = use at ! "t4 ,:5 ! "t = h] lay+ approa*es1 h] comb & wattles *ange f _! previ\s dull hue to a bright r$1 ! eye bright5s1 ! gait becomes m spirit$1 & sometimes %e cackles = ?ree or f\r days4 ,aft] lay+ h] egg on leav+ ! ne/ ! h5 utt]s a l\d cackl+ cry1 to :i* ! cock (t5 responds 9 a high-pit*$ k9d ( scream2 b "s h5s aft] lay+ leave ! ne/ 9 sil5ce4 ,"s h5s w lay an egg 9 ?ree days1 "s e o!r day1 & o!rs e day4 ,h5s %\ld n be =c$4 ,by unnaturally =c+ a f[l ) /imulat+ food1 & m p>ticul>ly ) hempse$ & tall[ greaves1 to lay 9 two ye>s or s ! eggs t %\ld h be5 ! produce ( sev]al1 ! h5 becomes prematurely old & diseas$2 & x is reasonable to suppose t ! eggs are n s good z !y w\ld h be5 if nature _h be5 left to run its own c\rse4 ,! eggs ought to be tak5 f ! ne/ e aft]noon :5 no m may be expect$ to be laid2 = if left 9 ! ne/1 ! heat ( ! h5s :5 lay+ next day w t5d to corrupt !m4 ,:5 ! %ells ( ! eggs are some:at s(t1 x is because ! h5s are r incl9$ to gr[ too fat4 ,x is !n prop] to mix up a little *alk 9 _! wat]1 & to put a little mort> rubbi% 9 _! food1 ! quantity ( :i* %\ld be dim9i%$4 ,we give ! foll[+ rem>ks by an exp]i5c$ p\ltry-keep] ( ! old s*ool1 z valuable f be+ ! result ( practice3 ,! h5 sometimes exp]i5ces a difficulty 9 lay+4 ,9 ?is case a few gra9s ( salt or g>lic put into ! v5t h be5 successfully tri$4 ,! keep] %\ld inde$ make use ( ! latt] mode to f9d out ! place :]e a h5 has laid )\t 8 k2 =1 z ! h5 w be 9 ha/e to deposit h] egg1 h] pace t[>ds ! ne/ w be quick5$2 %e may !n be foll[$ & h] secret f\nd out4 ,?\gh "o p>ticul> =m1 says ,mr4 ,dickson1 is s common to eggs1 t x is kn[n by ! famili> "n ( egg-%ap$1 yet all keep]s ( p\ltry mu/ be aw>e t eggs are sometimes ne>ly r\nd1 & sometimes almo/ cyl9drical1 besides innum]able m9or %ades ( diff]5ce4 ,9 fact1 eggs diff] s mu* 9 %ape1 t x is said exp]i5c$ p\ltry-keep]s c tell by ! %ape ( ! eggs alone ! h5 t laid !m2 =1 /range to say1 h[ev] diff]5t 9 size ! eggs ( any p>ticul> h5 may be occasionally1 !y are v r>ely diff]5t 9 =m4 ,among ! mo/ rem>kable eggs may be m5tion$ ^? ( ! ,%anghae1 or ,co*9-,*9a f[l1 :i* are ( a pale *ocolate col\r2 & ^? ( ! ,dork+ f[l1 :i* are ( a pure :ite1 & ne>ly z r\nd z balls4 ,! eggs ( ! ,malay f[ls are br[n2 ^? ( ! ,poli% f[l1 :i* are v mu* po9t$ at "o end1 are ( a delicate p9ki% :ite2 & ^? ( ! ,bantam are ( a long oval4 ,a v important "p ( ! egg is ! air-bag1 or folliculus a]is1 :i* is plac$ at ! l>g] end1 betwe5 ! %ell & its l9+ membranes4 ,x is1 accord+ to ,dr4 ,p>is1 ab\t ! size ( ! eye ( a small bird 9 new laid eggs1 b enl>ges to t5 times t size dur+ ! process ( incubation4 ,?is air-bag1 says ,mr4 ,dickson1 is ( su* great importance to ! developm5t ( ! *ick1 probably by supply+ x ) a limit$ atmosph]e ( oxyg51 t if ! blunt end ( ! egg be pi]c$ ) ! po9t ( ! smalle/ ne$le 7a /ratagem :i* malice n unfrequ5tly sugge/s71 ! egg _c be hat*$1 b p]i%es4 ,an egg expos$ to ! air is cont9ually los+ a portion ( its moi/ure1 ! place ( :i* is fill$ by ! entrance ( air1 & ! egg consequ5tly becomes /ale1 & aft] a "t putrid4 ,m4 ,reaumur made _m exp]im5ts 9 pres]v+ eggs1 & f\nd t1 by coat+ !m ) v>ni%1 x 0 impossible to di/+ui% ^? :i* _h be5 kept = a ye> f ^? newly laid2 b v>ni%1 ?\gh n exp5sive1 is n always to be _h 9 c\ntry places1 & x also rema9$ on ! eggs plac$ "u a h5 & imp$$ ! hat*+1 :ile 9 boil+ !m1 ! v>ni%1 n be+ soluble 9 hot wat]1 prev5t$ !m f be+ prop]ly cook$4 ,he tri$ o!r sub/ances1 & f\nd t fat or grease1 su* z suet1 l>d1 dripp+1 butt]1 & oil1 7 well adapt$ = ! purpose1 ! be/ ( ^! be+ a mixture ( mutton & beef suet ?or\ghly melt$ toge!r ov] a sl[ fire1 & /ra9$ ?r\gh a l95 clo? into an e>!n pan4 ,x is only requisite1 he says1 to take a piece ( ! fat or butt] ab\t ! size ( a pea on ! end ( ! f+]1 & rub x all ov] ! %ell1 by pass+ & repass+ ! f+] s t no "p be left unt\*$2 ! transpiration ( matt] f ! egg be+ z effectually /opp$ by ! ?9ne/ lay] ( fat or grease z by a ?ick coat+1 s t no "p ( ! %ell be left ungreas$1 or ! tip ( ! f+] may be dipp$ into oil & pass$ ov] ! %ell 9 ! same mann]4 ,if x is desir$ t ! eggs %\ld look clean1 !y may be aft]w>ds wip$ ) a t[el1 = suffici5t grease or oil ent]s ! pores ( ! %ell to prev5t all transpiration )\t its be+ necess>y t any %\ld be left to fill up ! spaces betwe5 ! pores4 ,!y c be boil$ z usual )\t rubb+ (f ! fat1 z x w melt 9 ! hot wat]1 & :5 tak5 out ( ! wat] ! little grease t is left ^u ! egg is easily wip$ (f ) a napk94 ,eggs pres]v$ 9 ?is mann] c also be us$ = hat*+1 z ! fat easily melts away by ! heat ( ! h52 & by ?is means ! eggs ( =eign f[ls might be c>ri$ to a di/ance1 hat*$1 & naturalis$ 9 ?is & o!r c\ntries4 ,! ,fr5* also f9d t a mixture ( melt$ beeswax & olive oil is an excell5t pres]vative4 ,eggs may also be pres]v$ = cook+ by pack+ !m 9 sawdu/1 9 an e>!n vessel1 & cov]+ ! top ) melt$ mutton suet or fat2 z fruit is sometimes pres]v$4 ,!y are also said to keep well 9 salt1 9 a b>rel arrang$ 9 lay]s ( salt & eggs alt]nately4 ,if ! salt %\ld become damp1 x w\ld p5etrate ?r\gh ! pores ( ! %ell & pickle !m to a c]ta9 ext5t4 ,m4 ,gagne says t eggs may be pres]v$ 9 a mixture made ( "o bu%el ( quick-lime1 two p\nds ( salt1 & eight ounces ( cream ( t>t>1 ) suffici5t wat] to make x into a pa/e ( a consi/5cy to receive ! eggs1 :i*1 x is said1 may be kept 9 x fre% = two ye>s2 b eggs become ta/eless :5 pres]v$ ) lime4 ,x may be z well to m5tion "h t eggs are comp>atively wa/$ :5 us$ 9 mak+ a rice pudd+1 z !y r5d] x too h>d & dry1 & ! pudd+ )\t !m1 if prop]ly made1 w be j ( ! "r consi/5cy4 ,ano!r way to pres]ve eggs1 says ,mr4 ,dickson1 is to h !m cook$ 9 boil+ wat] ! same day !y are laid4 ,on tak+ !m out ( ! wat] !y are m>k$ ) r$ ink1 to record _! date1 & put away 9 a cool place1 :]e !y w keep1 x is said1 = sev]al mon?s4 ,:5 !y are want$ = use1 !y are aga9 put into hot wat] to w>m !m4 ,! curdy "p :i* is usually se5 9 new-laid eggs is s abundant1 & ! ta/e is said to be s well pres]v$1 t ! nice/ p may be made to believe t !y are new laid4 ,at ! end ( ?ree or f\r mon?s1 h[ev]1 ! membrane l9+ ! %ell becomes mu* ?ick5$1 & ! eggs lose _! flav\r4 ,eggs s pres]v$ h ! advantage ( n suff]+ f be+ c>ri$ ab\t4 ,x ought n to be ov]look$1 says ,mr4 ,dickson1 ) respect to ! pres]vation ( eggs1 t !y n only spoil by ! transpiration ( _! moi/ure & ! putrid f]m5tation ( _! cont5ts1 9 consequ5ce ( air p5etrat+ ?r\gh ! pores ( ! %ell2 b also by be+ mov$ ab\t1 & jo/l$ :5 c>ri$ to a di/ance by sea or l&4 ,any sort ( r\gh motion inde$ ruptures ! membranes :i* keep ! :ite1 ! yolk1 & ! g]m ( ! *ick 9 _! prop] places1 & ^u ^! becom+ mix$1 putrefaction soon foll[s4 ,if ! eggs are to be kept = sett+1 place a box1 divid$ by p>titions into divisions = ! eggs ( ! diff]5t bre$s1 9 a dry corn] ( y\r kit*51 b n too ne> to ! fire2 fill ! divisions ) bran previ\sly well dri$ 9 an ov52 place ! eggs 9 x upright1 ) ! l>g] ends upp]mo/1 z soon z !y are laid1 & cov] !m ) ! bran4 ,m>k ea* egg 9 p5cil ) ! date :5 laid1 & description ( bre$ or cross4 ,!y %\ld be kept 9 a cool place or a w>m place accord+ to ! season4 ,airtight j>s1 clos$ ) airtight /opp]s1 may be us$ if ! eggs are int5d$ to be kept = a v long "t4 ,9 select+ eggs = sett+1 *oose ! fre%e/1 ^? ( mod]ate size1 well-%ap$1 & hav+ ! air-vessel di/9ctly visible1 ei!r 9 ! c5tre ( ! top ( ! egg1 or slightly to ! side1 :5 ! egg is held betwe5 ! eye & a light$ c&le1 9 a d>k5$ room4 ,reject v small eggs1 :i* g5]ally h no yolk1 ^? t are ill-%ap$1 & ^? ( equal ?ickness at bo? ends1 :i* latt] is ! usual %ape ( eggs ) d\ble yolks4 ,^! %\ld be avoid$1 z !y are apt g5]ally to prove unf]tile1 or produce mon/rosities4 ,x has be5 /at$ t ! sex ( ! embryo *ick5 c be asc]ta9$ by ! position ( ! air-vessel2 t if x be on ! top ! egg w produce a cock]el1 & if on ! side a pullet2 b !re is no pro( ( ! tru? ( ?is1 &1 not)/&+ su* ass]tions1 x appe>s to be impossible to =etell ! sex ( ! *ick1 f ! %ape ( ! egg or 9 any o!r way4 ,9 select+ eggs = ! purpose ( produc+ f[ls t are to be kept = lay+ only1 be+ non-sitt]s1 *oose eggs only f ^? h5s t are prolific lay]s1 = prolific lay+ is (t5 z *>act]i/ic ( "s f[ls ( a bre$ z x is ( ! p>ticul> bre$s1 & by c>eful selection ?is faculty1 l o!rs1 may be fur!r develop$1 or cont9u$ if already fully develop$4 ,if c>efully pack$1 eggs = sett+ may be c>ri$ great di/ances--hundr$s & ev5 ?\s&s ( miles--)\t injury2 vibration & ev5 mod]ate %ak+1 & v consid]able *anges ( temp]ature1 produc+ no ill effect ^u ! g]m4 ,! *ief po9t is to prev5t ! escape ( moi/ure by evaporation1 & consequ5t admission ( air4 ,a hamp] travels ) less vibration ?an a box1 & is !re=e pref]able1 especially = a long j\rney4 ,!y %\ld be pack$ 9 hay1 by :i* !y w be pres]v$ f breakage mu* bett] ?an by be+ pack$ 9 %ort1 close mat]ial l bran1 *aff1 oats1 or sawdu/2 ^! be+ %ak5 into small] space by ! vibration ( travell+1 ! eggs (t5 /rike & crack ea* o!r4 ,! hamp] or box %\ld be l>ge en\gh to admit ( "s s(t1 yield+ pack+ mat]ial be+ plac$ all r\nd ! eggs4 ,! bottom %\ld be fir/ cov]$ ) a good lay] ( hay1 /raw1 or moss4 ,x is a good plan to roll ea* egg sep>ately 9 hay or moss1 fa/5$ ) a little wool or wor/$4 ,!y %\ld be cov]$ ) well-rubb$ /raw1 press$ d[n c>efully & g5tly4 ,! lid ( ! hamp] %\ld be sew$ on tightly all r\nd1 or 9 ?ree or f\r places at lea/4 ,if a box is us$1 ! lid %\ld be fa/5$ by cords or screws1 b n ) nails1 z ! hamm]+ w\ld probably de/roy ! g]m ( ! egg4 ,9 procur+ eggs = hat*+1 be sure t ! p>5t birds are ( mature age1 b n too old1 well-%ap$1 vigor\s1 & 9 p]fect heal?2 t "o cock is kept to e six or sev5 h5s2 & t !y are well f$ & att5d$ to4 ,h a /eady broody h5 ready to take ! eggs4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,! ,,sitt+ ,,h54 ,all h5s t are incl9$ to sit %\ld be all[$ to hat* & br+ up "o brood ( *ick5s a ye>2 =1 if altoge!r re/ra9$ f sitt+1 a h5 suff]s mu* 9 m\lt+1 & is re/less & excit$ = ! rema9d] ( ! season4 ,x is unnatural1 & !re=e mu/ be injuri\s4 ,! p]iod ( incubation gives h] re/ f produc+ eggs4 ,! h5 t is always /imulat$ to produce eggs1 & n all[$ to v>y t process by hat*+ & br++ up a "y brood1 mu/ ultimately suff] f ?is con/ant dra9 ^u h] sy/em1 & ! eggs are said to be un:olesome4 ,b h5s frequ5tly wi% to sit :5 x is n conv5i5t1 or 9 autumn or w9t]1 :5 x is n advisable1 unless v late or e>ly *ick5s are desir$1 & e att5tion c be giv5 to !m4 ,to *eck ?is desire1 ! old-fa%ion$ plan ) f>m]s' wives1 ( plung+ ! broody h5 into cold wat]1 & keep+ h] !re = "s m9utes1 0 n only a cruel practice1 b (t5 fail$ to effect its object1 & mu/ naturally always h caus$ ultimate disease 9 ! poor bird4 ,:5 x is absolutely necess>y to *eck ! desire ( a h5 to sit1 ! be/ plan is to let h] sit on "s ne/-eggs = a week1 !n remove & coop h] = a few days1 away f ! place :]e %e made h] ne/1 l[ diet1 z boil$ potatoes & boil$ rice1 & wat] be+ plac$ ne>2 mean:ile tak+ away ! eggs & de/roy+ ! ne/1 &1 n f9d+ x on h] return1 %e w g5]ally n seek = ano!r1 unless %e is a ,co*91 or ! desire exce$+ly /rong4 ,:5 a h5 wi%es to sit1 %e utt]s a peculi> cluck1 ruffles h] fea!rs1 w&]s ab\t1 se>*es obscure corn]s & recesses1 is v fidgety1 fev]i%ly hot1 impati5t1 anxi\sly re/less1 & seeks = a ne/4 ,highly-f$ h5s feel ?is desire soon] ?an ^? t are n s highly f$4 ,a h5 may be induc$ to sit at any season1 by conf9+ h] 9 a d>k room 9 a cov]$ basket1 only l>ge en\gh to conta9 h] ne/1 keep+ h] w>m1 & fe$+ h] on /imulat+ food1 su* z bread /eep$ 9 ale1 a little raw liv] or fre% meat *opp$ small1 & potatoes ma%$ w>m ) milk & oatmeal4 ,e l>ge p\ltry e/abli%m5t %\ld h a sep>ate h\se = ! sitt+ h5s1 & ! run t %\ld be provid$ = _! relaxation mu/ be divid$ f t ( ! o!r f[ls by wire or lattice "w1 to prev5t any intrusion4 ,:]e !re is a l>ge numb] ( sitt+ h5s1 ea* ne/ %\ld be numb]$1 & ! date ( sett+1 numb] & description ( eggs1 ent]$ 9 a di>y or memor&um book opposite to ! numb]2 & ! numb] ( *ick5s hat*$1 & any p>ticul>s likely to be useful on a future occasion1 %\ld aft]w>ds be ent]$4 ,a sep>ate h\se & run = ea* sitt+ h5 is a great advantage1 z x prev5ts o!r h5s f go+ to ! ne/ dur+ h] abs5ce1 or h]self f return+ to ! wrong ne/1 z w (t5 happ5 9 a common h\se4 ,! run %\ld n be l>ge1 or ! h5 may be incl9$ to w&] & /ay away too long f h] ne/4 ,a sep>ate division = ! sitt+ h5 is (t5 o!rwise useful1 = ! purpose ( keep+ ! cock ap>t f ! h5s1 or = keep+ a few additional birds = :i* accommodation has n be5 prep>$1 or = ! use ( a p5 ( birds ab\t to be s5t = exhibition4 ,boxes1 ( :i* e c>p5t] kn[s ! =m1 says ,m[bray1 are to be arrang$ r\nd ! walls1 & x is prop] to h a suffici5t numb]1 ! h5s be+ apt to dispute possession1 & sit ^u "o ano!r4 ,! bo>d or /ep at ! entrance %\ld be ( suffici5t height to prev5t ! eggs f roll+ out4 ,provision ( a few rail$ doors may be made = occasional use1 to be hung be=e ! entrance1 9 ord] to prev5t o!r h5s f intrud+ to lay _! eggs ^u ^? :i* sit1 a habit to :i* "s are mu* addict$1 & by :i* a brood is (t5 injur$4 ,! common deep squ>e boxes1 uncov]$ at top1 are extremely improp]1 because t =m obliges ! h5 to jump d[n ^u h] eggs1 :]eas = safety %e %\ld desc5d ^u !m f a v small height1 or 9 a mann] walk 9 ^u !m4 ,! same objection lies aga9/ hamp]s1 ) ! additional "o ( ! wick]-"w admitt+ ! cold 9 v>iable wea!r1 dur+ w9t] or e>ly spr+ sitt+s4 ,_m bre$]s pref] to h all ! ne/s ^u ! gr\nd1 on acc\nt ( ! dang] ( *ick5s fall+ f ! ne/s :i* are plac$ above4 ,! gr\nd is pref]able = o!r reasons4 ,! damp aris+ f ! gr\nd assi/s v mat]ially 9 incubation4 ,:5 f[ls sit ^u wood5 floors1 or 9 boxes1 ! eggs become s dry & p>*$ z to prev5t ! *ick5 f dis5cumb]+ itself ( ! %ell1 & x is liable to p]i% 9 its attempts4 ,h5s 9 a /ate ( nature make _! ne/s ^u ! gr\nd2 & f[ls1 :5 left to *oose a ne/ = !mselves1 g5]ally fix ^u a h$ge1 :]e ! h5 conceals h]self "u ! bran*es ( ! h$ge1 & among ! grass4 ,9 g5]al1 ! sitt+ places are too close & conf9$1 & v diff]5t 9 ?is respect to ^? t h5s select = !mselves4 ,b ne/s _c always be all[$ to be made on ! gr\nd1 unless prop]ly secur$ f v]m91 p>ticul>ly f rats1 :i* w frequ5tly convey away ! :ole ( ! eggs f "u a h54 ,& o!r consid]ations may r5d] x necess>y to h !m on a floor1 9 boxes on ! gr\nd1 or plac$ above2 9 :i* cases ! eggs mu/ be kept prop]ly moi/5$1 =1 unless ! egg is kept suffici5tly damp1 its inn] membrane becomes s h>d & dry t ! *ick5 _c break ?r\gh1 & p]i%es4 ,:5 a h5 /eals h] ne/ 9 a h$ge or clump ( ev]gre5s or bu%es1 %e makes x on ! damp gr\nd4 ,%e goes 9 se>* ( food e>ly 9 ! morn+1 be=e ! dew is (f ! grass1 & returns to h] ne/ ) h] fea!rs saturat$ ) moi/ure4 ,?is is ! cause ( ! comp>atively successful hat*+ ( ! eggs ( wild birds4 ,! old f>m]s' wives did n und]/& ! necessity ( damp+ eggs1 b frequ5tly compla9$ ( _! n hat*+1 al?\gh *ick5s 7 f\nd 9 !m1 :i* 01 9 mo/ cases1 entirely caus$ by want ( damp+4 ,if1 !re=e1 ! wea!r is w>m & wet1 all w probably g well2 b if ! air %\ld be v dry1 moi/ure mu/ be imp>t$ by spr9kl+ ! ne/ & eggs slightly1 :5 ! h5 is (f fe$+1 by means ( a small bru% dipp$ 9 tepid wat]4 ,a small flat bru% su* z is us$ by pa9t]s is excell5t = ?is purpose1 z x does n di/ribute ! wat] too freely4 ,! gr\nd r\nd ab\t1 also1 %\ld be wat]$ ) hot wat]1 to cause a /eam4 ,b ! natural moi/ure ( a damp soil is pref]able1 & nev] fails4 ,! ne/ may be ( any %ape4 ,a long box divid$ by p>titions into sev]al comp>tm5ts is mu* us$1 b sep>ate boxes or baskets are pref]able z be+ m easily clean$ & fre$ f v]m94 ,wood5 ne/-boxes are pref]able to wick] baskets 9 w9t]1 z ! latt] let 9 ! cold air1 b _m pref] wick] baskets 9 summ] = _! air9ess4 ,a r\nd glaz$ e>!n pan1 ) %elv+ sides1 l ^? us$ 9 ! midl& c\nties = milk1 & p>tially fill$ ) moss1 =ms a good ne/1 ! moss be+ easi] kept moi/ 9 su* a pan ?an 9 a box4 ,! ne/ %\ld be made s l>ge t ! h5 c j fill x1 n v deep1 & z ne>ly flat inside at ! bottom z possible1 s t ! eggs may n lean aga9/ ea* o!r1 or !y may get brok51 especially by ! h5 turn+ !m4 ,! be/ fill+ = hat*+ ne/s is f9e dry s&1 m\ld1 coal or wood a%es plac$ on a cut turf1 cov]+ x & l9+ ! sides ) a little well-brok5 dry grass1 moss1 bruis$ /raw1 li*51 or liv]wort collect$ f trees1 or dry hea!r1 :i* is ! be/ ( all1 b _c always be _h4 ,hay1 ?\gh s(t at fir/1 soon becomes h>d & matt$1 & is also said to bre$ v]m94 ,/raw is good mat]ial1 b mu/ be cut into %ort pieces1 = if long /raw is us$ & ! h5 %\ld cat* h] foot 9 x1 & drag x aft] h] :5 %e leaves ! ne/1 x w di/urb1 if n break1 ! eggs4 ,! ne/s ( ! sitt+ h5s 9 ,h] ,maje/y's p\ltry-y>d at ,w9dsor are made ( hea!r1 :i* (f]s an excell5t m$ium betwe5 ! natural damp h$ge-ne/ ( ! h5 & ! dryness ( a box fill$ ) /raw1 & also enables h] to free h]self f ^? insects :i* are s tr\blesome to sitt+ h5s4 ,a ?ick lay] ( a%es plac$ "u ! /raw 9 cold wea!r w keep 9 ! heat ( ! h54 ,a little ,scot* snuff is a good ?+ to keep ! ne/s free f v]m94 ,:]e only a few f[ls are kept1 & a sep>ate place _c be f\nd = ! sitt+ h51 %e c be plac$ on a ne/ :i* %\ld be cov]$ ov] ) a coop1 clos$ 9 ) a little bo>d+ or "s o!r contrivance = a day or two1 to prev5t h] be+ di/urb$ by any o!r f[ls t h be5 accu/om$ to lay !re4 ,!y w !n soon use ano!r ne/4 ,%e %\ld be c>efully lift$ (f h] ne/1 by tak+ hold ( h] "u ! w+s1 regul>ly e morn+1 ex]cis$ & f$1 & !n %ut 91 s t %e _c be annoy$4 ,x is be/ to all[ a h5 to keep ! ne/ %e has *os5 :5 %e %[s an incl9ation to sit2 & if %e cont9ues to sit /eadily1 & has n a suffici5t numb] ( eggs "u h]1 or ! eggs y desire h] to hat*1 remove h] g5tly at night1 replace ! eggs ) ! prop] bat*1 & place h] quietly ^u ! ne/ aga94 ,h5s are v fond ( *oos+ _! own ne/s 9 out ( ! way places2 & :]e ! spot is n unsafe1 or too mu* expos$ to ! wea!r1 x is be/ to let h] keep possession1 = x has be5 notic$ t1 :5 %e selects h] own ne/ & manages = h]self1 %e g5]ally br+s =? a good & num]\s brood4 ,mr4 ,tegetmei] obs]ves t he has reason to believe1 inde$1 t :atev] c>e may be tak5 9 keep+ eggs1 _! vitality is bett] pres]v$ :5 !y are all[$ to rema9 9 ! ne/4 ,p]haps ! p]iodical visits ( ! h51 :ile add+ to h] /ore ( eggs1 has a /imulat+ influ5ce4 ,! w>m? communicat$ 9 ! half-h\r dur+ :i* %e occupies ! ne/ may h a t5d5cy to pres]ve ! embryo 9 a vigor\s /ate4 ,x is a good plan1 be=e giv+ an untri$ h5 *oice eggs1 to let h] sit ^u a few *alk or /ale eggs = a few days1 & if %e cont9ue to sit ) con/ancy1 !n to give h] ! bat* = hat*+4 ,:5 *oice c be made out ( sev]al broody h5s = a valuable bat* ( eggs1 "o %\ld be select$ ) r %ort legs1 a broad body1 l>ge w+s well furni%$ ) fea!rs1 & hav+ ! nails & spurs n too long or %>p4 ,z a rule1 h5s :i* are ! be/ lay]s are ! wor/ sitt]s1 & ^? ) %ort legs are good sitt]s1 :ile long-legg$ h5s are n4 ,dork+s are ! be/ sitt]s ( all bre$s1 & by high fe$+ may be induc$ to sit 9 ,octob]1 especially if !y h m\lt$ e>ly1 & ) great c>e & att5tion *ick5s may be re>$ & made fit = table by ,*ri/mas4 ,e>ly 9 ! spr+ ,dork+s only %\ld be employ$ z mo!rs1 = !y rema9 mu* long] ) _! *ick5s ?an ! ,co*9-,*9as1 b ! latt] may safely be entru/$ ) a brood aft] ,april4 ,co*9s are excell5t sitt]s1 &1 f ! quantity ( fluff :i* is peculi> to !m1 keep ! eggs at a high & regul> degree ( heat4 ,_! %ort legs also are advantage\s = sitt+4 ,a ,co*9 h5 c always be easily induc$ to sit1 & eggs ( !irs or ( ,brahma ,pootras = sitt+1 are n want$ 9 ! colde/ wea!r4 ,old h5s are m /eady sitt]s ?an pullets1 m fond ( _! brood1 & n s apt z pullets to leave !m too soon4 ,inde$1 pullets 7 =m]ly nev] all[$ to sit be=e ! second ye> ( _! lay+1 b n[ _m em95t au?orities ?9k x be/ to let !m sit :5 !y %[ a /rong desire to d s1 consid]+ t ! prejudice aga9/ !m ^u ?is po9t is unf\nd$1 & t "y h5s sit z well z old] f[ls4 ,pullets hat*$ e>ly w g5]ally beg9 to lay 9 ,novemb] or ,decemb]1 if kept w>m & well f$1 & w sit 9 ,janu>y or ,febru>y4 ,broody h5s br\ght f a di/ance %\ld be c>ri$ 9 a basket1 cov]$ ov] ) a clo?4 ,! numb] ( eggs to be set "u a h5 mu/ be accord+ to ! ext5t ( h] w+s & ! temp]ature ( ! wea!r4 ,"s say t ! numb] may v>y f n9e to f\rte51 b o!rs w\ld nev] give m ?an n9e 9 w9t] & e>ly spr+1 & elev5 9 summ]1 to ! l>ge/ h51 & two few] to ! small] f[ls4 ,a ,co*9-,*9a may h fifte5 ( h] own 9 summ]4 ,a h5 %\ld n be all[$ m eggs ?an %e c completely cov]2 = eggs t are n ?or\ghly cov]$ become *ill$1 & few] & weak] *ick5s w be hat*$ f too l>ge a numb] ?an f a m mod]ate all[ance4 ,x is n only necess>y to consid] h[ _m eggs a h5 c hat*1 b also h[ _m *ick5s %e c cov] :5 !y are p>tly gr[n4 ,9 ,janu>y & ,febru>y1 n m ?an sev5 or eight eggs %\ld be plac$ "u ! h51 z %e _c cov] m ?an t numb] ( *ick5s :5 !y gr[ l>ge1 & exposure to ! cold dur+ ! long w9t] nights w\ld de/roy _m4 ,! common ord] to set egges1 says ,mascall1 is 9 odde numb]s1 z sev51 nyne1 elev51 ?irte51 c41 :i*e is to make !m lye r\nd ! ne/e1 & to h ! odde egge 9 ! midde/4 ,eggs = sitt+ %\ld be "u a =tnight old1 if possible1 & nev] m ?an a mon?4 ,fre% eggs hat* 9 prop] "t1 &1 if good1 produce /rong1 lively *icks2 :ile /ale eggs are hat*$ sometimes z mu* z two days lat] ?an new laid1 & ! *ick5s are (t5 too weak to break ! %ell1 :ile ( ^? well out few] w probably be re>$4 ,x is c]ta91 z a g5]al rule1 t ! old] ! egg ! weak] w be its prog5y4 ,e egg %\ld be m>k$ by a p5cil or ink l9e drawn q r\nd x1 s t x c be kn[n )\t t\*+1 & if ano!r be laid aft]w>ds x may be at once detect$ & remov$1 = h5s w sometimes lay sev]al aft] !y h comm5c$ sitt+4 ,place ! eggs "u ! h5 ) _! l>g] ends upp]mo/4 ,let ! h5 be well f$ & suppli$ ) wat] be=e putt+ h] on ! ne/4 ,:ole b>ley & s(t food1 *iefly b>ley-meal & ma%$ potatoes1 %\ld be giv5 to h] :5 %e comes (f ! ne/1 & %e mu/ h z mu* z %e w eat1 = %e leaves ! ne/ b once daily1 & ! full heat ( ! body _c be kept up )\t pl5ty ( food2 or %e may h ! same food z ! g5]al /ock4 ,a good supply ( wat] mu/ be always )9 h] rea*4 ,a good-siz$ %all[ box or pan1 conta9+ f9e coal-a%es1 s&1 or dry e>?1 to cleanse h]self 91 %\ld always be ready ne> to ! ne/4 ,%e %\ld be left undi/urb$1 &1 z f> z possible1 all[$ to manage h] own bus9ess4 ,:5 a h5 %[s impati5ce ( h] conf9em5t1 & frequ5tly leaves ! ne/1 ,m4 ,p>m5ti] advises t half only ( h] usual meal %\ld be giv51 aft] :i* %e %\ld be replac$ on ! ne/ & f$ f ! h& ) hemp or millet se$1 :i* w induce h] to /ay con/antly on h] eggs4 ,o!rs w sit s long & closely t !y become fa9t = want ( food4 ,su* h5s %\ld n be f$ on ! ne/1 b g5tly induc$ ) "s tempt+ da9ty to take a little ex]cise1 = !y w n leave _! eggs ( _! own accord1 & fe$+ on ! ne/ has crippl$ _m a good sitt]4 ,x is n heal?y = ! h5 to fe$ :ile sitt+ on or close by ! ne/1 = %e requires a little ex]cise & roll+ 9 ! du/-heap1 z well z t ! eggs %\ld be expos$ = ! air to c>ry (f any ( t /agnant vap\r :i* ,m4 ,reaumur prov$ to be s de/ructive to ! embryo *ick5s2 & x has also be5 %[n by physiologi/s t ! cool+ ( ! eggs caus$ by ?is abs5ce ( ! h5 is ess5tial to all[ a supply ( air to p5etrate ?r\gh ! pores ( ! %ell1 = ! respiration ( ! *ick4 ,:5 !re are _m h5s sitt+ at ! same "t1 x is a good plan to take !m (f _! ne/s regul>ly at ! same "t e morn+ to fe$1 & aft]w>ds give !m an opportunity to cleanse !mselves 9 a conv5i5t du/+-place1 &1 if possible1 all[ !m ex]cise 9 a good grass run4 ,a h5 %\ld nev] be caught1 b driv5 back g5tly to h] ne/4 ,a good h5 w n /ay away m ?an half an h\r1 unless infe/$ ) v]m91 f want ( hav+ a prop] du/-heap4 ,b h5s h (t5 be5 abs5t = m ?an an h\r1 & yet h hat*$ sev5 or eight *ick5s2 & in/ances h be5 kn[n ( _! be+ abs5t = five & ev5 = n9e h\rs1 & yet hat*+ a few4 ,! foll[+ rem>kable in/ance is record$ by an excell5t au?ority3 ,eggs _h be5 suppli$ & a sitt+ h5 l5t to a neighb\r1 &1 :5 %e _h set 9 a gran>y t5 days1 %e 0 %ut out ?r\gh ! c>elessness ( a s]vant4 ,be+ a /rang] 9 ! f>my>d1 ! h5 0 n recognis$1 b suppos$ to h /ray$ 9 f an adjo9+ walk1 & ?irty h\rs elaps$ be=e x 0 discov]$ t ! h5 _h left h] ne/4 ,! f>m]'s wife despair$ ( h] brood2 b1 to h] surprise & pleasure1 eight *ick5s 7 hat*$4 ,! til$ ro( ( ! gran>y 0 fully expos$ to ! rays ( ! sun1 & ! temp]ature v high1 probably above #hj deg4 dur+ ! day1 & n mu* l[] at night4 ,valuable eggs1 !re=e1 %\ld n be ab&on$ on acc\nt ( a r l5g!n$ abs5ce2 & ord9>y eggs %\ld n be disc>d$ z wor?less if ! h5 has already sat ^u !m = a =tnight or s2 b if %e has be5 sitt+ = only a few days1 x is saf] to ?r[ !m away1 & h a fre% bat*4 ,dur+ ! h5's abs5ce1 always look at ! eggs1 remove any t may h be5 brok51 & v g5tly wa% any /icky or dirty eggs ) a flannel dipp$ 9 milk-w>m wat]4 ,see t !y are dry be=e putt+ !m back4 ,if ! ne/ is also dirty1 replace x ) fre% mat]ial ( ! same k9d4 ,g5tly drive ! h5 back to h] ne/ z quickly z possible1 to prev5t any damage f ! eggs becom+ *ill$4 ,if a h5 %\ld break an egg ) h] feet or o!rwise1 x %\ld be remov$ z soon z x is se51 or %e may eat x1 &1 lik+ ! ta/e1 break & eat ! o!rs4 ,"s h5s h a bad habit ( break+ & eat+ ! eggs on :i* !y are sitt+1 to cure :i* "s recomm5d to boil an egg h>d1 bore a few holes 9 x1 s t ! inside c be se51 & give x :ile hot to ! culprit1 :o w peck at ! holes & burn h]self2 b h5s ) su* prop5sities %\ld be fatt5$ = ! table1 = !y are g5]ally useless ei!r = sitt+ or lay+4 ,"s p]sons exam9e ! eggs aft] ! h5 has sat ^u !m = six or sev5 days1 & remove all t are /]ile1 by :i* plan m w>m? & space are ga9$ = ^? t are f]tile1 & ! w>m? is n wa/$ ^u b>r5 eggs4 ,!y may be easily prov$ by hold+ !m ne> to ! flame ( a c&le1 ! eye be+ kept %ad$ by "o h&1 :5 ! f]tile eggs w appe> d>k & ! /]ile transp>5t4 ,ano!r plan is to place ! eggs on a drum1 or betwe5 ! h&s1 9 ! sun%9e1 & obs]ve ! %ad[4 ,if ?is wav]s1 by ! motion ( ! *ick1 ! eggs are good2 b if ! %ad[ %[s no motion1 !y are unf]tile4 ,if two h5s h be5 sitt+ dur+ ! same "t1 & _m unf]tile eggs are f\nd 9 ! two ne/s1 all ! f]tile eggs %\ld be plac$ "u "o h51 & a fre% bat* giv5 to ! o!r4 ,! eggs %\ld n be mov$ aft] ?is "t1 except by ! h51 m especially :5 incubation has proce$$ = "s "t1 le/ ! position ( ! *ick be int]f]$ )1 = if tak5 up a little "t be=e its exit1 & incauti\sly replac$ ) ! l>ge end l[]mo/1 ! *ick51 f its position1 w n be able to *ip ! %ell1 & mu/ !re=e p]i%4 ,! =ep>t ( ! *ick5 is t[>ds ! bigge/ end ( ! egg1 & x is s plac$ 9 ! %ell t ! beak is always upp]mo/4 ,:5 ! egg ( a *oice bre$ has be5 crack$ t[>ds ! end ( ! p]iod ( incubation1 ! crack may be cov]$ ) a slip ( gumm$ pap]1 or ! unpr9t$ bord] t is r\nd a %eet ( po/age /amps1 & ! damag$ egg w probably yet produce a f9e *ick4 ,x is a good plan to set two h5s on ! same day1 = ! two broods may be unit$ "u "o if desirable1 & on ! hat*+ day1 to prev5t ! newly-born *ick5s be+ cru%$ by ! unhat*$ eggs1 all t are hat*$ c be giv5 to "o h51 & ! o!r take *>ge ( ! eggs1 :i* are !n m likely to be hat*$1 z1 :ile ! *ick5s are "u ! h51 %e w sit high] f ! eggs1 & af=d !m less w>m? :5 !y require x mo/4 ,! h5 ( all k9ds ( gall9ace\s f[ls1 f ! ,bantam to ! ,co*9-,*9a1 sits = tw5ty-"o days1 at :i* "t1 on an av]age1 ! *ick5s break ! %ell2 b if ! eggs are new laid x w (t5 less5 ! "t by five or six h\rs1 :ile /ale eggs w always be beh9d "t4 ,= ! purpose ( break+ ! %ell1 ! yet s(t beak ( ! *ick5 is furni%$1 j above ! po9t ( ! upp] m&ible1 ) a small1 h>d1 horny scale1 :i*1 f ! position ( ! head1 z ,mr4 ,y>rell obs]ves1 is br\ght 9 contact ) ! inn] surface ( ! %ell4 ,?is scale may be always se5 on ! beaks ( newly-hat*$ *ick5s1 b 9 ! c\rse ( a %ort "t peels (f4 ,x %\ld n be remov$4 ,! peculi> s\nd1 incorrectly call$ tapp+1 s p]ceptible )9 ! egg ab\t ! n9ete5? day ( incubation1 :i* 0 univ]sally believ$ to be produc$ by ! bill ( ! *ick /rik+ aga9/ ! %ell 9 ord] to break x & effect its release1 has be5 inconte/ably prov$1 by ! late ,dr4 ,f4 ,r4 ,horn]1 ( ,hull1 9 a pap] read by him be=e ! ,briti% ,association = ! ,advancem5t ( ,sci5ce1 to be a totally di/9ct s\nd1 be+ no?+ m ?an ! natural respiratory s\nd 9 ! lungs ( ! "y *ick1 :i* fir/ beg9s to brea! at t p]iod4 ,( c\rse !re is also an occasional s\nd made by ! tapp+ ( ! beak 9 endeav\r+ to break ! %ell4 ,! "t occupi$ 9 break+ ! %ell v>ies1 accord+ to ! /r5g? ( ! *ick1 f "o to ?ree h\rs usually1 b ext5ds sometimes to tw5ty-f\r1 & ev5 m4 ,i h se51 says ,reaumur1 *icks cont9ue at "w = two days toge!r2 "s "w incessantly1 :ile o!rs take re/ at int]vals1 accord+ to _! physical /r5g?4 ,"s1 ,i h obs]v$1 beg9 to break ! %ell a great deal too soon2 =1 be x obs]v$1 !y ought1 be=e !y make _! exit1 to h )9 !m provision en\gh to s]ve = tw5ty-f\r h\rs )\t tak+ food1 & = ?is purpose ! unconsum$ portion ( ! yolk ent]s ?r\gh ! navel4 ,! *ick1 inde$1 :i* comes out ( ! %ell )\t tak+ up all ! yolk is c]ta9 to droop & die 9 a few days aft] x is hat*$4 ,! assi/ance :i* ,i h occasionally tri$ to give to sev]al ( !m1 by way ( complet+ _! deliv]ance1 has af=d$ me an opportunity ( obs]v+ ^? :i* _h begun to break _! %ells be=e ?is 0 accompli%$2 & ,i h op5$ _m eggs mu* fractur$1 9 ea* ( :i* ! *ick _h z yet mu* ( ! yolk n absorb$4 ,"s *icks h great] ob/acles to ov]come ?an o!rs1 s9ce all %ells are n ( an equal ?ickness nor ( an equal consi/5ce2 & ! same inequality takes place 9 ! l9+ membrane1 & (f]s /ill great] difficulty to ! em]g5t *ick4 ,! %ells ( ! eggs ( birds ( v>i\s species are ( a ?ickness proportionate to ! /r5g? ( ! *ick t is oblig$ to break ?r\gh !m4 ,! can>y-bird w\ld nev] be able to break ! %ell x is enclos$ 9 if t 7 z ?ick z ! egg ( a b>n-door f[l4 ,! *ick ( a b>n-door f[l1 aga91 w\ld 9 va9 try to break its %ell if x 7 z ?ick & h>d z t ( an o/ri*2 inde$1 ?\gh an o/ri* ready to be hat*$ is p]haps ?rice z l>ge z ! common *ick1 x is n easy to conceive h[ ! =ce ( its bill c be /rong en\gh to break a %ell ?ick] ?an a *9a cup1 & ! smoo?ness & gloss ( :i* indicate t x is ne>ly z h>d--suffici5tly s to =m1 z may be (t5 se51 a firm dr9k+-cup4 ,x is ! practice 9 "s c\ntries to dip ! eggs into w>m wat] at ! "t !y are expect$ to *ip1 on ! supposition t ! %ell is !reby r5d]$ m fragile1 & ! lab\r ( ! *ick light5$4 ,b1 ?\gh ! wat] %\ld s(t5 x1 ^u dry+ 9 ! air x w\ld become z h>d z at fir/4 ,:5 ! *ick is entirely or almo/ out ( ! %ell1 x draws its head f "u its w+1 :]e x _h hi!rto be5 plac$1 /ret*es out its neck1 direct+ x =w>ds1 b = sev]al m9utes is unable to raise x4 ,on see+ = ! fir/ "t a *ick 9 ?is condition1 we are l$ to inf] t its /r5g? is exhau/$1 & t x is ready to expire2 b 9 mo/ cases x recruits rapidly1 its organs acquire /r5g?1 & 9 a v %ort "t x appe>s q ano!r creature4 ,aft] hav+ dragg$ itself on its legs a little :ile1 x becomes capable ( /&+ on !m1 & ( lift+ up its neck & b5d+ x 9 v>i\s directions1 & at l5g? ( hold+ up its head4 ,at ?is p]iod ! fea!rs are m]ely f9e d[n1 b1 z !y are wet ) ! fluid ( ! egg1 ! *ick appe>s almo/ nak$4 ,f ! multitude ( _! bran*lets ^! d[n fea!rs resemble m9ute %rubs2 :51 h[ev]1 ^! bran*lets are wet & /ick+ to ea* o!r1 !y take up b v little room2 z !y dry !y become dis5tangl$ & sep>at$4 ,! bran*lets1 plumules1 or be>ds ( ea* fea!r are at fir/ enclos$ 9 a membran\s tube1 by :i* !y are press$ & kept close toge!r2 b z soon z ?is dries x splits asund]1 an effect assi/$ also by ! ela/icity ( ! plumules !mselves1 :i* causes !m to rec$e & spread !mselves out4 ,?is be+ accompli%$1 ea* d[n fea!r ext5ds ov] a consid]able space1 & :5 !y all become dry & /raight1 ! *ick appe>s completely clo!d 9 a w>m ve/m5t ( s(t d[n4 ,if !y are n out 9 a few h\rs aft] ! %ell has be5 brok51 & ! hole is n enl>g$1 !y are probably glu$ to ! %ell4 ,look ?r\gh ! egg !n1 &1 if all ! yolk has pass$ into ! body ( ! *ick51 y may assi/ x by enl>g+ ! fracture ) a pair ( f9e scissors1 cutt+ up t[>ds ! l>ge end ( ! egg1 nev] d[nw>ds4 ,if1 says ,miss ,watts1 ! "t has arriv$ :5 ! *ick5 may ) safety be lib]at$1 !re w be no appe>ance ( blood 9 ! m9ute blood-vessels spread ov] ! int]ior ( ! %ell2 !y h done _! "w1 & are no long] ne$$ by ! n[ fully develop$ & brea?+ *ick4 ,if !re %\ld be ! slighte/ appe>ance ( blood1 resi/ at once1 = its escape w\ld g5]ally be fatal4 ,d n attempt to let ! *ick5 out at once1 b help x a little e two or ?ree h\rs4 ,! object is n to hurry ! *ick5 out ( its %ell1 b to prev5t its be+ suffocat$ by be+ close %ut up )9 x4 ,if ! *ick is tol]ably /rong1 & ! assi/ance ne$ful1 x w aid its deliv]ance ) its own ex]tions4 ,:5 ! *ick5 at la/ makes its way out1 d n int]f]e ) x 9 any way1 or attempt to fe$ x4 ,animal heat alone c re/ore x4 ,weakness has caus$ ! delay1 & ?is has probably aris5 f insuffici5t w>m?1 p]haps f ! h5 hav+ _h too _m eggs to cov] ?or\ghly1 or !y may h be5 /ale :5 set4 ,%\ld y h to assi/ x out ( ! %ell1 take x out g5tly ) y\r f+]s1 tak+ great c>e n to te> any ( its t5d] sk91 :5 free+ ! fea!rs f ! %ell4 ,mr4 ,wright says3 ,we nev] ourselves n[ attempt to assi/ a *ick f ! %ell4 ,if ! eggs 7 fre%1 & prop] c>e has be5 tak5 to pres]ve moi/ure dur+ incubation1 no assi/ance is ev] ne$$4 ,to fuss ab\t ! ne/ frets ! h5 exce$+ly2 & we h always f\nd t1 ev5 :]e ! poor little creature surviv$ at ! "t1 x nev] liv$ to maturity4 ,%\ld ! read] attempt su* assi/ance1 9 cases :]e an egg has be5 long *ipp$1 & no fur!r progress made1 let ! %ell be crack$ g5tly all r\nd1 )\t te>+ ! inside membrane2 if t be p]=at$1 ! viscid fluid inside dries & glues ! *ick to ! %ell4 ,%\ld ?is happ51 or %\ld bo? %ell & membrane be p]=at$ at fir/1 introduce ! po9t ( a pair ( scissors & cut up ! egg t[>ds ! l>ge end1 :]e !re w be an empty space1 rememb]+ t1 if blood fl[s1 all hope is at end4 ,!n put ! *ick back "u ! h52 %e w probably squeeze x to dea?1 x is true--x is s v weak2 b x w nev] live if put by ! fire1 at lea/ we always f\nd x s4 ,inde$1 z we h said1 we consid] x q useless to make ! attempt at all4 ,! fact is1 x is sc>cely wor? :ile to attempt to assi/ 9 ! case ( ord9>y eggs1 b if ! bre$ is valuable ! lab\r may be well be/[$4 ,"s h5s are reluctant to give up sitt+1 & w hat* a second brood ) evid5t pleasure2 b x is cruel to ov]task _! /r5g? & pati5ce1 & !y are sure to suff]1 m or less1 f ! unnatural ex]tion4 ,"s bre$]s use a contrivance call$ an artificial "m = broods hat*$ "u ! h51 & x may be employ$ v advantage\sly :5 any accid5t has happ5$ to h]4 ,x is made 9 v>i\s =ms1 su* z a wood5 frame1 or %all[ box1 op5 at bo? ends1 & slop+ l a writ+-desk1 ) a p]=at$ lid l9$ ) %eep or lamb's sk91 goose-d[n1 or "s simil> w>m fleecy mat]ial hang+ d[n1 "u & betwe5 :i* ! *ick5s ne/le1 heat be+ appli$ to ! lid ei!r by hot wat] or hot air1 s z to imitate ! w>m? ( ! h5's brea/4 ,:5 *ick5s are hat*$ by artificial means1 su* z by ! ,hydro-,incubator1 or ! ,eccaleobion1 or 9 an ov5 accord+ to ! me?od practis$ by ! ,egyptians1 ^! protectors are ess5tial2 = )\t a good sub/itute = ! h5's natural w>m? ! *ick5s w\ld p]i%4 ,artificial incubators are n[ ext5sively us$1 & :]e gas is laid on !y are easily manag$1 b ! *ief difficulty is 9 re>+ ! *ick5s4 ,= in=mation on ! subject see ! works ( ,tegetmei]1 ,dickson1 & ,wright1 on ,p\ltry4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,re>+ ,,& ,,fatt5+ ,,f[ls4 ,! fir/ want :i* ! *ick w feel w be t ( w>m?1 & !re is no w>m? s suit$ = !m z t ( ! h5's body4 ,"s p]sons remove ! *icks f "u ! "m z soon z !y are hat*$1 "o by "o1 plac+ !m 9 a basket cov]$ up ) flannel1 & keep !m !re 9 a w>m place1 until ! la/ *ick is out1 :5 !y are put back "u ! h54 ,b ?is is v seldom necess>y unless ! wea!r is v cold & ! h5 re/less1 & is g5]ally m likely to annoy ?an b5efit h]4 ,nor %\ld ! h5 be induc$ to leave ! ne/1 b be left undi/urb$ until %e leaves ( h] own accord1 :5 ! la/ hat*$ *ick5s w be 9 a bett] condition to foll[ h] ?an if %e _h be5 tempt$ to leave e>li]4 ,9 a few h\rs !y are able to run ab\t & foll[ _! p>5t2 !y d n require to be f$ 9 ! ne/ l mo/ birds1 b pick up ! food :i* _! "m %[s !m2 & repose at night huddl$ up b5ea? h] w+s4 ,! *ick5 dur+ its developm5t 9 ! egg is n\ri%$ by ! yolk1 & ! rema9+ portion ( ! yolk passes into its body previ\s to its leav+ ! %ell1 be+ design$ = its fir/ n\ri%m5t2 & ! *ick51 !re=e1 does n require any food :atev] dur+ ! fir/ day4 ,! old-fa%ion$ plan1 s popul> ) practical f>m]s' wives1 ( cramm+ a pepp]corn d[n ! ?roat ( ! newly-hat*$ *ick is absurd & injuri\s4 ,! fir/ food mu/ be v light & delicate1 su* z crumbs ( bread soak$ 9 milk1 ! yolk ( an egg boil$ h>d1 & curds2 b v little ( any?+ at fir/ except wat]1 = ?ir/ w come be=e hung]4 ,! ?ir/y h5 w h]self soon tea* ! little ones h[ to dr9k4 ,if y\r *icks be v weakly1 y may cram !m ) crumbs ( good :ite bread1 /eep$ 9 milk or w9e1 b at ! same "t recollect t _! little craws are n capable ( hold+ m ?an ! bulk ( a pea2 s r "u ?an ov] fe$ !m4 ,z soon z ! h5 leaves ! ne/1 %e %\ld h z mu* gra9 z %e c eat1 & a good supply ( pure1 clean wat]4 ,9 w9t]1 or settl$ wet wea!r1 %e %\ld1 if possible1 be kept on h] ne/ = a day1 &1 :5 remov$1 be coop$ 9 a w>m1 dry %$ or ou?\se2 b 9 summ]1 if ! wea!r be f9e1 & ! *ick5s well ^u _! legs1 !y may be at once coop$ out 9 ! sun1 on dry gravel1 or if possible on a nice grass-plot1 ) food & wat] )9 h] rea*4 ,! h5 is coop$ to prev5t h] f we>y+ ! brood by lead+ !m ab\t until !y are ov]-tir$1 besides be+ expos$ to dang] f cats1 hawks1 & v]m91 tumbl+ into dit*es1 or gett+ wet 9 ! high grass4 ,!y c pass 9 & out betwe5 ! b>s ( ! coop1 & w come :5 %e calls1 or !y wi% to %elt] "u h] w+s4 ,x is a good plan to place ! coop = ! fir/ day out ^u "s dry s&1 s t ! h5 c cleanse h]self com=tably4 ,! common basket coop %\ld only be us$ 9 f9e wea!r1 & "s /raw1 kept d[n by a /one1 matt+1 or o!r cov]+1 %\ld be plac$ on ! top1 to %elt] !m f ! mid-day sun2 o!rwise a wood5 coop %\ld be us$1 op5 9 front only1 ab\t two & a half or ?ree feet squ>e2 well-made ( /\t1 s\nd bo>ds1 ) a gabl$ ro( cov]$ ) felt2 & at night a ?ick canvas or matt+ %\ld be hung ov] ! front1 suffici5t space be+ left = prop] v5tilation1 b n to admit cold draught1 or to all[ ! *icks to get out4 ,mr4 ,wright describes an excell5t coop :i* is v common 9 "s p>ts ( ,france1 & consi/s ( two comp>tm5ts1 sep>at$ by a p>tition ( b>s1 "o comp>tm5t be+ clos$ 9 front1 ! o!r front$ ) b>s l ! p>tition4 ,ea* set ( b>s %\ld h a slid+ "o to s]ve z a door1 & ! :ole coop %\ld be tight & s\nd4 ,x is be/ to h no bottom1 b to put x on loose dry e>? or a%es1 an in* or two deep4 ,ea* half ( ! coop is ab\t two feet six in*es squ>e1 & may or may n be light$ f ! top by a small pane ( glass4 ,! advantage ( su* a coop is t1 except 9 v sev]e wea!r1 no fur!r %elt] is requir$1 ev5 at night if plac$ "u a %$4 ,dur+ ! day ! h5 is kept 9 ! out] comp>tm5t1 ! *ick5s hav+ lib]ty1 & ! food & wat] be+ plac$ outside2 :il/ at night %e is put 9 ! inn] portion ( ! coop1 & a piece ( canvas or sack+ hung ov] ! b>s ( ! out] half4 ,if ! top be glaz$1 a little food & ! wat]-vessel may be plac$ 9 ! out] comp>tm5t at night1 & ! *icks w be able to run out & fe$ e>ly 9 ! morn+1 be+ prev5t$ by ! canvas f go+ out into ! cold air4 ,x w be only ne$ful to remove ! coop e two days = a few m9utes1 to take away ! ta9t$ e>? & replace x ) fre%4 ,!re %\ld1 if possible1 be a grass-plot 9 front ( ! %$1 ! floor ( :i* %\ld be cov]$ ) dry1 loose du/ or e>?4 ,! h5 %\ld be kept "u a coop until ! brood has gr[n /rong4 ,"s bre$]s object to coop+1 on acc\nt ( its prev5t+ ! h5 f scrat*+ = worms & insects = h] brood1 & :i* are f> sup]ior to ! sub/itutes ) :i* !y mu/ be suppli$1 unless1 inde$1 a good supply ( worms1 ants' eggs1 insects1 or g5tles c be _h4 ,! h5 too has n suffici5t ex]cise aft] h] long sitt+4 ,coop+ ?us has its advantages & disadvantages1 & its adoption or n %\ld dep5d ^u circum/ances4 ,if x is pref]r$ n to coop ! h51 & %e %\ld be incl9$ to roam too f>1 a small run may be made ) network1 or ) ! moveable wire-"w describ$ on page #ba4 ,w9t]-hat*$ *ick5s mu/ be re>$ & f$ 9 a w>m place1 :i* mu/ be kept at an equal temp]ature4 ,!y return a l>ge pr(it = ! great c>e !y require 9 hat*+ & re>+4 ,*ick5s %\ld be f$ v (t52 e two h\rs is n too frequ5tly4 ,! numb] ( ^! meals mu/ be r$uc$ by degrees to f\r or five1 :i* may be cont9u$ until !y are full gr[n4 ,gra9 %\ld n be giv5 to newly-hat*$ *ick5s4 ,! v be/ food = !m1 aft] _! fir/ meal ( bread-crumbs & egg1 is made ( two p>ts ( co>se oatmeal & "o "p ( b>ley-meal1 mix$ into a ?ick crumbly pa/e ) milk or wat]4 ,if milk is us$1 x mu/ be fre% mix$ = ea* meal1 or x w become s\r4 ,cold oatmeal porridge is an excell5t food1 & mu* lik$ by !m4 ,aft] ! fir/ week !y may h *eap] food1 su* z bran1 oatmeal1 & ,indian meal mix$1 or potatoes ma%$ ) bran4 ,9 a few days !y may also h "s :ole gra91 :i* _! little gizz>ds w !n be fully able to gr9d4 ,grits1 cru%$ :eat1 or bruis$ oats1 %\ld =m ! la/ meal at night4 ,bread sopp$ 9 wat] is ! wor/ food !y c h1 & ev5 ) milk is /ill inf]ior to meal4 ,= ! fir/ ?ree or f\r days !y may also h daily ! yolk ( an egg boil$ h>d & *opp$ up small1 :i* w be suffici5t = a doz5 *icks2 & aft]w>ds1 a piece ( cook$ meat1 r und]done1 ! size ( a good walnut1 m9c$ f9e1 %\ld be daily giv5 to ! brood until !y are ?ree weeks old4 ,9 w9t] & v e>ly spr+ ?is /imulat+ diet may be giv5 regul>ly1 & once a day !y %\ld also h "s /ale bread soak$ 9 ale2 & :5ev] *ick5s suff] f bad fea!r+1 caus$ ei!r by ! coldness ( ! season or delicacy ( con/itution1 !y mu/ be f$ highly1 & h a daily supply ( bread soak$ 9 ale4 ,ants' eggs1 :i* are well kn[n z ! v be/ animal diet = "y pheasants1 are also excell5t = "y *ick5s2 & :5 a ne/ c be obta9$ x %\ld be ?r[n ) its surr\nd+ m\ld into ! run = !m to peck at4 ,:]e !re is no grass-plot !y %\ld h "s grass cut into small pieces1 or o!r vegetable food m9c$ small1 until !y are able to peck pieces f ! l>ge leaves4 ,onion tops & leeks *opp$ small1 cress1 lettuce1 & cabbage1 are mu* reli%$ by all "y p\ltry4 ,! ,fr5* bre$]s give a few dri$ nettle se$s occasionally4 ,"y gr[+ f[ls c sc>cely h too mu* food1 s long z !y eat x ) a good appetite1 & d n tread any ab\t1 or o!rwise leave x to wa/e4 ,"y p\ltry _c ?rive if ov]cr[d$4 ,!y %\ld n be all[$ to roo/ on ! bran*es ( trees or %rubs1 or o!rwise out ( doors1 ev5 9 ! w>me/ wea!r1 or !y w acquire ! habit ( sleep+ out1 :i* _c be easily ov]come2 n t !y w\ld suff] mu* f ev5 sev]e wea!r1 :5 once accu/om$ to roo/+ out ( doors1 b f want ( w>m? ! supply ( eggs w\ld decrease1 & x w\ld1 9 _m places1 be unsafe &1 9 mo/1 inconv5i5t4 ,! soon] *ick5s c be fatt5$1 ( c\rse ! great] mu/ be ! pr(it4 ,!y %\ld be put up = fatt5+ z soon z !y h quitt$ ! h51 = !y are !n g5]ally 9 good condition1 b beg9 to lose fle% z _! bones develop & become /rong]1 p>ticul>ly ^? f[ls :i* /& high on ! leg4 ,f[ls are 9 p]fection = eat+ j be=e !y are fully develop$4 ,by keep+ "y f[ls1 especially ! cock]els1 too long be=e fatt5+ !m = m>ket or home consumption1 !y eat up all ! pr(it t w\ld be made by dispos+ ( !m :5 ! pullets h ceas$ lay+ j be=e _! fir/ adult m\lt1 & ! cock]els be=e _! appetites h become l>ge4 ,f[ls int5d$ to be fatt5$ %\ld be well & abundantly f$ f _! bir?2 = if !y are badly f$ dur+ _! gr[? !y become /unt$1 ! bones d n atta9 _! full size1 & no am\nt ( fe$+ w aft]w>ds supply ^! defects & trans=m !m into f9e1 l>ge birds4 ,p\ltry t h be5 con/antly f$ well f _! bir? w n only be always ready = ! table1 ) v little extra att5tion & fe$+1 b _! fle% w be sup]ior 9 juic9ess & ri* flav\r to ^? :i* are fatt5$ up f a poor /ate4 ,9 *oos+ full-gr[n f[ls = fatt5+1 ! %ort-legg$ & e>ly-hat*$ %\ld be pref]r$4 ,9 fatt5+ p\ltry1 ! well-kn[n common me?ods1 ,m[bray obs]ves1 are1 fir/1 to give f[ls ! run ( ! f>my>d1 :]e !y ?rive ^u ! (fals ( ! /ables & o!r refuse1 ) p]haps "s small regul> fe$s2 b at ?re%+ "t !y become fat1 & are !nce /yl$ b>n-door f[ls1 probably ! mo/ delicate & high-flav\r$ ( all o!rs1 bo? f _! full all[ance ( ! f9e/ corn & f ! con/ant heal? 9 :i* !y are kept1 by liv+ 9 ! natural /ate1 & hav+ ! full enjoym5t ( air & ex]cise2 or secondly1 !y are conf9$ dur+ a c]ta9 numb] ( weeks 9 coops2 ^? f[ls :i* are soone/ ready be+ drawn z want$4 ,! =m] me?od1 says ,mr4 ,dickson1 is immeasurably ! be/ z reg>ds ! flav\r & ev5 :olesom5ess ( ! f[ls z food1 & ?\gh ! latt] mode may1 9 "s cases1 make ! f[ls fatt]1 x is only :5 !y h be5 always accu/om$ to conf9em5t2 = :5 b>n-door f[ls are coop$ up = a week or two "u ! notion ( improv+ !m = ! table1 & increas+ _! fat1 x r>ely succe$s1 s9ce ! f[ls g5]ally p9e = _! lib]ty1 &1 slight+ _! food1 lose in/ead ( ga9+ additional fle%4 ,to fatt5 f[ls t h n ! advantage ( a b>n-door1 ,m[bray recomm5ds fatt5+-h\ses l>ge en\gh to conta9 tw5ty or ?irty f[ls1 w>m & airy1 ) well-rais$ e>? floors1 slightly litt]$ d[n ) /raw1 :i* %\ld be (t5 *ang$1 & ! :ole place kept p]fectly clean4 ,s&y gravel1 he says1 %\ld be plac$ 9 sev]al diff]5t lay]s1 & (t5 *ang$4 ,a suffici5t numb] ( tr\ghs = bo? wat] & food %\ld be plac$ ar\nd1 t ! /ock may fe$ ) z little int]ruption z possible f ea* o!r1 & p]*es 9 ! same proportion %\ld be furni%$ = ^? birds :i* are incl9$ to p]*1 :i* few ( !m w desire aft] !y h begun to fatt51 b x helps to keep !m easy & cont5t$ until t p]iod4 ,9 ?is mann] f[ls may be fatt5$ to ! highe/ pit*1 & yet pres]v$ 9 a heal?y /ate1 _! fle% be+ ne>ly equal 9 quality to ! b>n-door f[l4 ,to suff] fatt5+ f[ls to p]* is contr>y to ! g5]al practice1 s9ce x is suppos$ to b5d & de=m ! backbone2 b z soon z !y become heavy & indol5t f fe$+1 !y w r incl9e to roo/ 9 ! /raw1 & ! lib]ty ( p]*+ has a t5d5cy to accel]ate ! p]iod :5 !y wi% = re/4 ,! practice ( fatt5+ f[ls 9 coops1 if c>ri$ to a mod]ate ext5t1 is n objectionable1 & may be necess>y 9 _m cases4 ,! coop may be ?ree feet high1 two feet wide1 & f\r feet long1 :i* w accommodate six or eight birds1 accord+ to _! size2 or x may be con/ruct$ 9 comp>tm5ts1 ea* be+ ab\t n9e in*es by eighte51 & ab\t eighte5 in*es high4 ,! floor %\ld n consi/ ( bo>d1 b be =m$ ( b>s two in*es wide1 & plac$ two in*es ap>t4 ,! b>s %\ld be laid f side to side1 & n f ! back to ! front ( ! coop4 ,!y %\ld be two in*es wide at ! upp] "p1 ) slant+ or r\nd$ sides1 s z to prev5t ! dung f /ick+ to !m in/ead ( fall+ /raight betwe54 ,! front %\ld be made ( rails ?ree in*es ap>t4 ,! h\se 9 :i* ! coops are plac$ %\ld be prop]ly v5tilat$1 b free f cold draughts1 & kept ( an ev5 temp]ature1 :i* %\ld be mod]ately w>m4 ,! fronts ( ! coops %\ld be cov]$ ) matt+ or o!r k9d ( protection 9 cold wea!r4 ,! coop %\ld be plac$ ab\t two in*es f ! gr\nd1 & a %all[ tray fill$ ) fre% dry e>? %\ld be plac$ und]nea? to cat* ! dropp+s1 & r5ew$ e day4 ,:5 f[ls are put up to fat !y %\ld n h any food giv5 to !m = "s h\rs1 & !y w take x !n m eag]ly ?an if press$ ^u !m :5 fir/ put into ! coop4 ,b little gra9 %\ld be giv5 to f[ls dur+ ! "t !y are fatt5+ 9 coops2 inde$ ! *ief secret ( success consi/s 9 supply+ !m ) ! mo/ fatt5+ food )\t /9t1 9 su* a =m t _! dige/ive mills %all f9d no difficulty 9 gr9d+ x4 ,buck:eat-meal is ! be/ food = fatt5+2 & to its use ! ,fr5*1 9 a great measure1 owe ! spl5did condition ( ! f[ls !y s5d to m>ket4 ,if x _c be _h1 ! be/ sub/itute is an equal mixture ( maize-meal & b>ley-meal4 ,! meal may be mix$ ) skim milk if available4 ,oatmeal & b>ley-meal alt]nately1 mix$ ) milk1 & occasionally ) a little dripp+1 is good fatt5+ food4 ,milk is mo/ excell5t = all "y p\ltry4 ,a little *opp$ gre5 food %\ld be giv5 daily1 to keep _! b[els 9 a prop] /ate4 ,! fe$+-tr\ghs1 :i* mu/ be kept clean by frequ5t sc\r+1 %\ld be plac$ be=e ! f[ls at regul> times1 & :5 !y h eat5 suffici5t x is be/ to remove !m1 & place a little gravel )9 rea* to assi/ dige/ion4 ,ea* f[l %\ld h z mu* food z x w eat at "o "t1 b none %\ld be left to become s\r4 ,a little b>ley may1 h[ev]1 be scatt]$ )9 _! rea*4 ,a good supply ( clean wat] mu/ be always )9 _! rea*4 ,if a bird appe>s to be tr\bl$ ) v]m91 "s p[d]$ sulphur1 well rubb$ into ! roots ( ! fea!rs1 w give imm$iate relief4 ,! coops %\ld be ?or\ghly lime-wa%$ aft] ! f[ls are remov$1 & well dri$ be=e fre% birds are put up 9 !m4 ,x is a common practice to fatt5 p\ltry 9 coops by a process call$ cramm+1 by :i* !y are load$ ) greasy fat 9 a v %ort "t4 ,b x is evid5t t su* ov]tax+ ( ! f[ls' dige/ive p[]s1 want ( ex]cise & fre% air1 conf9em5t 9 a small space1 & p>tial deprivation ( light1 )\t :i* no?+ liv+1 ei!r animal or vegetable1 c fl\ri%1 _c produce heal?y or :olesome fle%4 ,inde$1 z ,m[bray obs]ves1 x seems contr>y to reason1 t f[ls f$ ^u su* greasy1 impure mixtures c possibly produce fle% or fat s firm1 delicate1 high-flav\r$1 or n\ri%+1 z ^? fatt5$ ^u m simple & sub/antial food2 z = example1 meal & milk1 & p]haps ei!r treacle or sug>4 ,) respect to grease ( any k9d1 its *ief effect mu/ be to r5d] ! fle% loose & ( a co>se flav\r4 ,nei!r c any advantage be ga9$1 except p]haps a comm]cial "o1 by v quick fe$+2 = real excell5ce _c be obta9$ b by wait+ nature's "t1 & us+ ! be/ food4 ,besides all ?is1 ,i h be5 v unsuccessful 9 my few attempts to fatt5 f[ls by cramm+2 !y seem to loa! ! crams1 to p9e1 & to lose ! fle% !y 7 put up )1 in/ead ( acquir+ fle%2 & :5 cramm$ f[ls d succe$1 !y mu/ necess>ily1 9 ! height ( _! fat1 be 9 a /ate ( disease4 ,mr4 ,muirhead1 p\lt]] to ,h] ,maje/y 9 ,scotl&1 says3 ,) reg>d to cramm+1 ,i may say t x is :olly unnecess>y1 provid$ ! f[ls h abundance ( ! be/ food at regul> int]vals1 fre% air1 & a free run2 9 conf9em5t f[ls may ga9 fat1 b !y lose fle%4 ,none b ^? :o h _h exp]i5ce c =m any idea h[ bo? qualities c be obta9$ 9 a natural way4 ,i h se5 f[ls re>$ at ,in*m>t9e 7:i* _h nev] be5 %ut up1 or _h food =c$ ^u !m71 equal1 if n sup]ior1 to ! f9e/ ,surrey f[l1 or ^? fatt5$ by myself = ! ,royal table4 ,if cramm+ is practis$ x %\ld be done 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ,! fe$]1 usually a female1 %\ld take ! f[l c>efully out ( ! fatt+-coop by plac+ bo? h] h&s g5tly "u its brea/1 !n sit d[n ) ! bird ^u h] lap1 its rump "u h] left arm1 op5 its m\? ) ! f+] & ?umb ( ! left h&1 take ! pellet ) ! "r1 dip x well into wat]1 milk1 or pot liquor1 %ake ! sup]flu\s moi/ure f x1 put x into ! m\?1 cram x g5tly into ! gullet ) h] =ef+]1 !n close ! beak & g5tly assi/ x d[n into ! crop ) ! =ef+] & ?umb1 )\t break+ ! pellet1 & tak+ great c>e n to p9* ! ?roat4 ,:5 ! f[l has be5 cramm$ x %\ld be c>efully c>ri$ back to its coop1 bo? h&s be+ plac$ "u its brea/ z be=e4 ,*ick5s %\ld be cramm$ regul>ly e twelve h\rs4 ,! cramm+ %\ld comm5ce ) a few pellets1 & ! numb] be gradually increas$ at ea* meal until x am\nts to ab\t fifte54 ,b always be=e y beg9 to fe$ g5tly feel ! f[l's crop to asc]ta9 t ! prec$+ meal has be5 dige/$1 & if y f9d x to conta9 food1 let ! bird wait until x is all dige/$1 & give x few] pellets at ! next meal4 ,if ! crams %\ld become h>d5$ 9 ! crop1 "s lukew>m wat] mu/ be giv5 to ! bird1 or p\r$ d[n its ?roat if dis9cl9$ to dr9k1 & ! crop be g5tly press$ ) ! f+]s until ! h>d5$ mass has become loos5$ s t ! gizz>d c gr9d x4 ,! food *iefly us$ 9 ,france = cramm+ f[ls is buck:eat-meal bolt$ v f9e & mix$ ) milk4 ,x %\ld be prep>$ 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ,p\r ! milk1 :i* %\ld be lukew>m 9 w9t]1 into a hole made 9 ! heap ( meal1 mix+ x up ) a wood5 spoon a little at a "t z long z ! meal w take up ! milk1 & make x into ! consi/5cy ( d\gh1 keep knead+ x until x w n /ick to ! h&s1 !n divide x into pieces twice z l>ge z an egg1 :i* =m into rolls g5]ally ab\t z ?ick z a small f+]1 b m or less ?ick accord+ to ! size ( ! f[ls to be f$1 & divide ! rolls into pellets ab\t two & a half in*es 9 l5g? by a slant+ cut1 :i* leaves po9t$ ends1 t are easi] to cram ! f[ls ) ?an if !y 7 squ>e4 ,! pellets %\ld be roll$ up z dry z possible4 ,! op]ation ( caponis+ z p]=m$ 9 ,engl& is b>b>\s1 extremely pa9ful1 & dang]\s4 ,9 ,france x is p]=m$ 9 a mu* m sci5tific & skilful mann]4 ,b ! small advantage ga9$ by ?is unnatural op]ation is m ?an c\nt]balanc$ by ! unnecess>y pa9 inflict$ on ! bird1 & ! great risk ( los+ x4 ,capons nev] m\lt1 & lose _! previ\sly /rong1 %rill voice4 ,9 w>m1 dry c\ntries !y gr[ to a l>ge size1 & soon fatt51 b d n succe$ well 9 our moi/1 cold climate4 ,!y are n common 9 ?is c\ntry1 & mo/ ( ! f[ls sold 9 ! ,london m>kets z capons are m]ely "y cock]els well cramm$4 ,if capons are kept !y %\ld h a sep>ate h\se1 = ! o!r f[ls w n all[ ^? ev5 ( _! own family to occupy ! same roo/+-p]* ) !m4 ,! h5s n only %[ !m indiff]5ce1 b decid$ av]sion4 ,h5 *ick5s1 depriv$ ( _! reproductive organs 9 ord] to fatt5 !m soon]1 are common 9 ,france1 :]e !y are /yl$ p\l>des4 ,fatt5+ ought to be complet$ 9 f t5 to tw5ty days4 ,:5 f[ls are once fatt5$ up !y %\ld be kill$1 = !y _c be kept fat1 b beg9 to lose fle% & become fev]i%1 :i* r5d]s _! fle% r$ & unsaleable1 & frequ5tly causes _! dea?4 ,great cruelty is (t5 ignorantly inflict$ by p\lt]]s1 higgl]s1 & o!rs1 9 twi/+ ! necks ( p\ltry4 ,an easy mode ( kill+ a f[l is to give ! bird a v %>p bl[ ) a small b heavy blunt /ick1 su* z a *ild's bat or wood5 sword1 at ! back ( ! neck1 ab\t ! second or ?ird jo9t f ! head1 :i* w1 if prop]ly done1 sev] ! sp9e & cause dea? v spe$ily4 ,b ! knife is ! mo/ m]ciful means2 ! bird be+ fir/ hung up by ! legs1 ! m\? mu/ be op5$ wide1 & a long1 n>r[1 %>p-po9t$ knife1 l a long p5knife1 :i* in/rum5t is made = ! purpose1 %\ld be ?ru/ firmly ?r\gh ! back "p ( ! ro( ( ! m\? up into ! bra91 :i* w cause almo/ in/ant dea?4 ,ano!r mode ( kill+ is to pluck a few fea!rs f ! side ( ! head1 j bel[ ! e>1 & make a deep incision !re4 ,"s say t f[ls %\ld n be bl$ to dea? l turkeys & geese1 z1 f ! loss ( blood1 ! fle% becomes dry & insipid4 ,b :5 great :it5ess ( fle% is desir$1 ! f[l %\ld be hung up by its legs imm$iately aft] be+ kill$1 & if x has be5 kill$ )\t ! fl[ ( blood1 an incision %\ld be made 9 ! neck s t x may ble$ freely4 ,f[ls t h be5 kept )\t food & wat] = twelve h\rs be=e be+ kill$ w keep mu* bett] ?an if !y _h be5 rec5tly f$1 z ! food is apt to f]m5t 9 ! crop & b[els1 :i* (t5 causes ! f[l to turn gre5 9 a few h\rs 9 w>m wea!r4 ,if empty !y %\ld n be drawn1 & !y w keep mu* bett]4 ,f[ls are easie/ pluck$ at once1 :ile w>m2 !y %\ld aft]w>ds be scald$ by dipp+ !m = a mom5t 9 boil+ wat]1 :i* w give a plump appe>ance to any good f[l4 ,f[ls %\ld n be pack$ = m>ket be=e !y are q cold4 ,old f[ls %\ld n be roa/$1 b boil$1 & !y w !n prove tol]ably good eat+4 ,! fea!rs are valuable & %\ld be pres]v$1 :i* is v easily manag$4 ,/rip ! plumage1 says ,mr4 ,wright1 f ! quills ( ! l>g] fea!rs1 & mix ) ! small ones1 putt+ ! :ole loosely 9 pap] bags1 :i* %\ld be hung up 9 ! kit*51 or "s o!r w>m place1 = a few days to dry4 ,!n let ! bags be bak$ ?ree or f\r times = half an h\r ea* "t1 9 a cool ov51 dry+ = two days betwe5 ea* bak+1 & ! process w be complet$4 ,less tr\ble ?an ?is w d1 & is (t5 made to suffice2 b ! fea!rs are inf]ior 9 crispness to ^? s treat$1 & may occasionally become (f5sive4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,/ock1 ,,bre$+1 ,,& ,,cross+4 ,keep only good1 heal?y1 vigor\s1 well-br$ f[ls1 :e!r y keep !m to produce eggs or *ick5s1 or bo?4 ,! ill-br$ mongrel f[ls :i* are s commonly kept1 are ! mo/ voraci\s1 & consume l>g] quantities ( food1 )\t turn+ x to any acc\nt2 :ile well-br$ f[ls eat less1 & quickly conv]t t into fat1 fle%1 & eggs4 ,l>ge1 well-br$ f[ls1 says ,mr4 ,edw>ds1 d n consume m food ?an rav5\s1 mongrel bre$s4 ,x is ! same ) f[ls z ) o!r /ock4 ,i h at ?is mom5t two /ore pigs1 "o highly br$1 ! o!r a r\gh1 ill-br$ animal4 ,!y h1 s9ce !y left _! mo!rs1 be5 f$ toge!r & ^u ! same food4 ,! =m]1 ,i am confid5t 7f obs]vation71 ate consid]ably less ?an ! latt]1 :i* 0 p>ticul>ly rav5\s4 ,! =m] pig1 h[ev]1 is 9 excell5t condition1 k9d1 & 9 a measure fat2 :]eas ! latt] looks h>d1 />v$1 & ?91 & ,i am sure %e w require "o-?ird m food to make bacon (4 ,= ! amateur :o is cont5t ) eggs & *ick5s1 & does n long = prize cups1 excell5t birds possess+ ne>ly all ! be/ *>act]i/ics ( _! bre$s1 b r5d]$ imp]fect by a few blemi%es1 may be pur*as$ at a small co/1 & w be z good lay]s or *ick5-produc]s1 & answ] 8 purpose z well z ! mo/ exp5sive t c be b\ght4 ,! *oice ( bre$ mu/ dep5d ^u ! object = :i* ! f[ls are kept1 :e!r *iefly = eggs or to produce *ick5s1 or = bo?2 ! climate1 soil1 & situation2 ! space t c be allott$ to !m2 & ! am\nt ( att5tion t c be devot$ to _! c>e4 ,if f[ls are to be br$ = exhibition1 y mu/ be guid$ by y\r own ta/e1 pocket1 & res\rces1 z well z by ! suitability ( ! situation = ! p>ticul> bre$ desir$4 ,! advantages1 disadvantages1 & peculi>ities ( ! v>i\s bre$s w be describ$ "u _! respective heads4 ,9 comm5c+ p\ltry-keep+ buy only "y & heal?y birds4 ,no "o sign is infallible to ! inexp]i5c$4 ,9 g5]al1 h[ev]1 ! legs ( a "y h5 look delicate & smoo?1 h] comb & wattles are s(t & fre%1 & h] g5]al outl9e1 ev5 9 good condition 7unless :5 fatt5$ = ! table71 r light & graceful2 :il/ an old "o w h r h>d1 horny-look+ %anks2 h] comb & wattles look some:at h>d]1 dri]1 & m scurfy1 & h] figure is well fill$ out4 ,b any ( ^! signs may be deceptive1 & ! beg9n] %\ld use 8 own p[]s ( obs]vation1 & try & cat* ! old look1 :i* he w soon le>n to "k4 ,all au?orities agree t a cock is 9 8 prime at two ye>s ( age1 ?\gh "s birds %[ e sign ( full vig\r :5 only f\r mon?s old4 ,x is agre$ by ne>ly all ! greate/ au?orities t ! ages ( ! cocks & h5s %\ld be diff]5t2 h[ev]1 good birds may be br$ f p>5ts ( ! same age1 b !y %\ld n be less ?an a ye> old4 ,! /ronge/ *ick5s are obta9$ f two-ye> old h5s by a cock]el ( ab\t a ye> old2 b su* broods conta9 a disproportion ( cocks1 &1 !re=e1 mo/ p\ltry-keep]s pref] to bre$ f well-gr[n pullets ( n less ?an n9e mon?s ) a cock ( two ye>s ( age4 ,! cock %\ld n be relat$ to ! h5s4 ,x is1 !re=e1 n advisable to pur*ase him f ! same bre$] ( :om y procure ! h5s4 ,d n let him be ! p>5t ( *ick5s f pullets t are 8 own (fspr+4 ,bre$+ 9-&-9 causes deg5]acy 9 f[ls z 9 all o!r animals4 ,"s birds reta9 all _! fire & en]gy until five or ev5 six ye>s ( age1 b !y are beyond _! prime aft] ! ?ird1 or at ! late/ _! f\r? ye>2 & %\ld be replac$ by y\ng] birds ( ! same bre$1 b f a diff]5t /ock4 ,p\ltry-bre$]s diff] ) respect to ! prop] numb] ( h5s t %\ld be all[$ to "o cock4 ,columella1 :o wrote ^u p\ltry ab\t two ?\s& ye>s ago1 advis$ twelve h5s to "o cock1 b /at$ t our ance/ors did use to give b five h5s4 ,/ephanus gave ! same numb] z ,columella4 ,bradley1 & ! au?ors ( ! ,complete ,f>m]1 & ! article ^u ! subject 9 ,rees's ,cyclopa$ia1 give sev5 or eight2 & ^? :o bre$ game-cocks are p>ticul> 9 limit+ ! numb] ( h5s to f\r or five = "o cock1 9 ord] to obta9 /rong *ick5s4 ,if f9e1 /rong *ick5s be desir$ = fatt5+ or bre$+1 !re %\ld n be m ?an five or six h5s to "o cock2 b if ! supply ( eggs is ! *ief consid]ation1 t5 or twelve may be all[$2 inde$1 if eggs are ! sole object1 he c be disp5s$ ) altoge!r1 & 8 food sav$1 z h5s lay1 if !re be any diff]5ce1 r bett] )\t "o4 ,! russet r$ is ! mo/ h>dy col\r1 :ite ! mo/ delicate1 & black ! mo/ prolific4 ,g5]al directions = ! *oice ( f[ls1 z to size1 %ape1 & col\r1 _c be applicable to all bre$s1 :i* mu/ necess>ily v>y ^u ^! po9ts4 ,b 9 all bre$s ! cock %\ld1 z ,m4 ,p>m5ti] says1 c>ry 8 head high1 h a quick1 animat$ look1 a /rong1 %rill voice 7except 9 ! ,co*9s1 :i* h a full] tone71 a f9e r$ comb1 %9+ z if v>ni%$1 l>ge wattles ( ! same col\r1 /rong w+s1 muscul> ?ighs1 ?ick legs furni%$ ) /rong spurs1 ! claws r b5t & %>ply po9t$4 ,he ought also to be free 9 8 motions1 to cr[ frequ5tly1 & to scrat* ! gr\nd (t5 9 se>* ( worms1 n s mu* = himself1 z to treat 8 h5s4 ,he ought1 )al1 to be brisk1 spirit$1 ard5t1 & ready 9 c>ess+ ! h5s1 quick 9 def5d+ !m1 att5tive 9 solicit+ !m to eat1 9 keep+ !m toge!r1 & 9 assembl+ !m at night4 ,to prev5t cocks f fight+1 old ,mascall1 foll[+ ,columella1 says3 ,n[1 to slacke t heate ( jeal\sie1 ye %all slitte two pieces ( ?icke lea!r1 & put !m on 8 legges1 & ^? w hang ov] 8 feete1 :i* w correct ! vehem5t heate ( jeal\sie )9 him2 & ,m4 ,p>m5ti] obs]ves t su* a bit ( lea!r w cause ! mo/ turbul5t cock to become z quiet z a man :o is fett]$ at ! feet1 h&s1 & neck4 ,! h5 %\ld be ( good con/itution & temp]1 &1 if requir$ to sit1 l>ge 9 ! body & wide 9 ! w+s1 s z to cov] _m eggs & %elt] _m *ick5s1 b %ort 9 ! legs1 or %e c\ld n sit well4 ,m4 ,p>m5ti] advises ! rejection ( savage1 qu>relsome1 or peevi% h5s1 z su* are seldom fav\rites ) ! cocks1 sc>cely ev] lay1 & d n hat* well2 also all above f\r or five ye>s ( age1 ^? t are too fat to lay1 & ^? ^: combs & claws are r\gh1 :i* are signs t !y h ceas$ to lay4 ,h5s %\ld n be kept ov] _! ?ird ye> unless v good or *oice4 ,h5s are n uncommon ) ! plumage & spurs ( ! cock1 & :i* imitate1 ?\gh badly1 8 full-ton$ cr[4 ,9 su* f[ls ! p[] ( produc+ eggs is inv>iably lo/ f int]nal disease1 z has be5 fully demon/rat$ by ,mr4 ,y>rell 9 ! ,philosophical ,transactions = #ahbg1 & 9 ! ,proce$+s ( ! ,zoological ,society = #ahca4 ,su* birds %\ld be fatt5$ & kill$ z soon z obs]v$4 ,by c>eful /udy ( ! *>act]i/ics ( ! v>i\s bre$s1 bre$+ f select specim5s1 & judici\s cross+1 great size may be atta9$1 maturity e>ly develop$1 facility 9 putt+ on fle% enc\rag$1 h>d9ess ( con/itution & /r5g? ga9$1 & ! incl9ation to sit or ! faculty ( lay+ increas$4 ,sir ,john ,sebright1 speak+ ( bre$+ cattle1 says3 ,animals may be said to be improv$ :5 any desir$ quality has be5 increas$ by art beyond :at t quality 0 9 ! same bre$ 9 a /ate ( nature4 ,! swiftness ( ! racehorse1 ! prop5sity to fatt5 9 cattle1 & to produce f9e wool 9 %eep1 are improvem5ts :i* h be5 made 9 p>ticul> v>ieties 9 ! species to :i* ^! animals belong4 ,:at has be5 produc$ by art mu/ be cont9u$ by ! same means1 = ! mo/ improv$ bre$s w soon return to a /ate ( nature1 or p]haps defects w arise :i* did n exi/ :5 ! bre$ 0 9 its natural /ate1 unless ! greate/ att5tion is paid to ! selection ( ! individuals :o are to bre$ toge!r4 ,! exact orig9 ( ! common dome/ic f[l & its num]\s v>ieties is unkn[n4 ,x is d\btless d]iv$ f "o or m ( ! wild or jungle f[ls ( ,india4 ,"s naturali/s are ( op9ion t x is d]iv$ f ! common jungle f[l kn[n z ! ,gallus ,bankiva ( ,temm9ck1 or ,gallus ,f]rug9eus ( ,gmel91 :i* v closely resembles ! v>iety kn[n z ,black-brea/$ ,r$ ,game1 except t ! tail ( ! cock is m depress$2 :ile o!rs consid] x to h be5 produc$ by ! cross+ ( t species ) "o or m o!rs1 z ! ,malay gigantic f[l1 kn[n z ! ,gallus giganteus ( ,temm9ck1 ,sonn]at's ,jungle ,f[l1 ,gallus sonn]atii1 & probably "s o!r species4 ,at :at p]iod or by :at p x 0 reclaim$ is n kn[n1 b x 0 probably fir/ dome/icat$ 9 ,india4 ,! writ]s ( antiquity speak ( x z a bird long dome/icat$ & widely spread 9 _! days4 ,v likely !re are _m species unkn[n to u 9 ,sumatra1 ,java1 & ! ri* woods ( ,borneo4 ,! process by :i* ! v>i\s bre$s h be5 produc$ is simple & easily und]/ood1 says ,mr4 ,wright4 ,ev5 9 ! wild /ate ! orig9al bre$ w %[ "s am\nt ( v>iation 9 col\r1 =m1 & size2 :il/ 9 dome/ication ! t5d5cy to *ange1 z e "o kn[s1 is v mu* increas$4 ,by bre$+ f birds :i* %[ any m>k$ feature1 /ock is obta9$ ( :i* a portion w possess t feature 9 an increas$ degree2 & by aga9 select+ ! be/ specim5s1 ! special po9ts s\ght may be develop$ to almo/ any degree requir$4 ,a good example ( su* a process ( developm5t may be se5 9 ! ':ite face' s conspicu\s 9 ! ,spani% bre$4 ,:ite e>s w be obs]v$ occasionally 9 all f[ls2 ev5 9 su* bre$s z ,co*9s or ,brahmas1 :]e :ite e>-lobes are consid]$ almo/ fatal blemi%es2 !y cont9ually occur1 & by select+ only :ite-e>$ specim5s to bre$ f1 !y might be spe$ily fix$ 9 any v>iety z "o ( ! *>act]i/ics4 ,a l>ge p5d5t :ite e>-lobe once firmly e/abli%$1 traces ( ! :ite face w n[ & !n be f\nd1 & by a simil> me?od is capable ( developm5t & fixture2 :il/ any col\r ( plumage or ( leg may be obta9$ & e/abli%$ 9 ! same way4 ,! orig9al am\nt ( "* requir$ is v slight2 a s+le h5-tail$ cock w be en\gh to give t *>act]i/ic to a :ole bre$4 ,any peculi>ity ( con/itution1 su* z con/ant lay+1 or frequ5t incubation1 may be develop$ & p]petuat$ 9 a simil> mann]1 all t is necess>y be+ c>e & "t4 ,t su* has be5 ! me?od employ$ 9 ! =mation ( ! m di/9ct races ( our p\ltry1 is prov$ by ! fact t a cont9uance ( ! same c>eful selection is ne$ful to p]petuate !m 9 p]fection4 ,if ! v be/ examples ( a bre$ are select$ z ! />t+-po9t1 & ! produce is br$ f indiscrim9ately = _m g5]ations1 ! di/9ctive po9ts1 :atev] !y are1 rapidly decl9e1 & !re is also a m or less gradual b sure return to ! primitive wild type1 9 size & ev5 col\r ( ! plumage4 ,! pure/ black or :ite orig9ally1 rapidly becomes fir/ m>k$ )1 & ultimately *ang$ into1 ! orig9al r$ or br[n1 :il/ ! o!r features simultane\sly disappe>4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! process ( artificial selection be c>ri$ too f>1 & ) ref]5ce only to "o prom95t po9t1 any bre$ is almo/ sure to suff] 9 ! o!r qualities :i* h be5 neglect$1 & ?is has be5 ! case ) ! v bre$ already m5tion$--! :ite-fac$ ,spani%4 ,we "k f old fanci]s t ?is bre$ 0 =m]ly consid]$ h>dy1 & ev5 9 w9t] r>ely fail$ to af=d a con/ant supply ( its unequall$ l>ge :ite eggs4 ,b ( late ye>s att5tion has be5 s exclusively direct$ to ! ':ite-face1' t :il/ ?is feature has be5 develop$ & p]fect$ to a degree nev] be=e kn[n1 ! bre$ has become "o ( ! mo/ delicate ( all1 & ! lay+ qualities ( at lea/ _m /ra9s h greatly fall5 (f4 ,x w\ld be difficult to avoid su* evil results if x 7 n = a valuable comp5sat+ pr9ciple1 :i* admits ( cross+4 ,t pr9ciple is1 t any desir$ po9t possess$ 9 p]fection by a =eign bre$1 may be introduc$ by cross+ into a /ra9 x is desir$ to improve1 & e o!r *>act]i/ic ( ! cross be1 by selection1 aft]w>ds br$ out aga94 ,or "o or m ( ^! additional *>act]i/ics may be also reta9$1 & ?us a new v>iety be e/abli%$1 z _m h be5 )9 ! la/ few ye>s4 ,size may be imp>t$ to ! ,dork+ by cross+ x ) ! ,co*91 & ! disposition to fea!r on ! legs br$ out aga9 by judici\s selection2 & ! con/itution may be /r5g!n$ by cross+ ) ! ,game bre$4 ,game f[ls t h det]iorat$ 9 size1 /r5g?1 & fi]c5ess1 by a long c\rse ( bre$+ 9-&-91 may h all ^! qualities re/or$ by cross+ ) ! fi]ce1 p[]ful1 & gigantic ,malay1 & 8 peculi>ities may be aft]w>ds br$ out4 ,! size ( ! eggs ( ! ,hamburg might v probably be increas$ )\t decreas+1 or ) v slightly decreas+1 ! numb] ( eggs1 by cross+ ) a ,h\dan cock2 & ! size w\ld also be increas$ = ! table4 ,! ,fr5* bre$s1 ,creve-,coeur1 ,h\dan1 & ,la ,fle*e1 ga9 9 size & h>d9ess by be+ cross$ ) ! ,brahma cock4 ,! cross betwe5 a ,h\dan cock & a ,brahma h5 produces1 says ! ,h5wife1 ! f9e/ possible *ick5s = m>ket1 b n to bre$ f4 ,pure ,brahmas & ,h\dans alone mu/ be kept = t purpose2 ,i h always f\nd ! second cross wor?less4 ,9 cross+1 ! cock]els w m or less resemble ! male1 & ! pullets ! h54 ,long exp]i5ce1 says ,mr4 ,wright1 has asc]ta9$ t ! male bird has mo/ influ5ce ^u ! col\r ( ! prog5y1 & also ^u ! comb1 & :at may be call$ ! 'fancy po9ts1' ( any bre$ g5]ally2 :il/ ! =m1 size1 & useful qualities are pr9cipally d]iv$ f ! h54 ,bre$ only f ! /ronge/ & heal?ie/ f[ls4 ,9 ! bre$+ ( p\ltry x is a rule1 z 9 all o!r cases ( organis$ life1 t ! be/-%ap$ be us$ = ! purpose ( propagation4 ,if a cock & h5 h bo? ! same defect1 h[ev] trifl+ x may be1 !y %\ld nev] be all[$ to bre$ toge!r1 = ! object is to improve ! bre$1 n to det]iorate x1 ev5 9 ! slighte/ degree4 ,h5s %\ld nev] be all[$ to associate ) a cock ( a diff]5t bre$ if y wi% to keep ! bre$ pure1 & if y desire sup]ior birds1 n ev5 ) an inf]ior male ( _! own v>iety4 ,no "t1 says ,mr4 ,baily1 has ev] be5 fix$ z necess>y to elapse be=e h5s t h be5 runn+ ) cocks ( div]s bre$s1 & aft]w>ds be5 plac$ ) _! legitimate p>tn]s1 c be dep5d$ ^u to produce purely-br$ *ick5s2 ,i am dispos$ to ?9k at lea/ two mon?s4 ,"t ( ye> may h mu* to d ) x4 ,9 ! w9t] ! escape ( a h5 f "o run to ! o!r1 or ! intrusion ( a cock1 is ( little mom5t2 b x may be s]i\s 9 ! spr+1 & de/roy ! hopes ( a season4 ,_m p\ltry-keep]s sep>ate ! cocks & h5s aft] ! bre$+ season1 consid]+ t /rong] *ick5s w be !reby obta9$ ! next season4 ,:]e !re is a sep>ate h\se & run = ! sitt+ h5 ?is c be conv5i5tly done :5 t comp>tm5t is vacant4 ,9 ord] to pres]ve a bre$ p]fectly pure1 x w be necess>y1 :]e !re is n a l>ge /ock ( ! race1 to bre$ f birds sprung f ! same p>5ts1 b ! blood %\ld be cross$ e ye> by procur+ "o or m f[ls ( ! same bre$ f a di/ance1 or by ! ex*ange ( eggs ) "s neighb\r+ /ock1 ( col\r & qualities z ne>ly alli$ z possible ) ! orig9al bre$4 ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,p\ltry ,,%[s4 ,a few ye>s ago p\ltry %[s 7 unkn[n4 ,9 #ahdf1 ! fir/ 0 held 9 ! ,g>d5s ( ! ,zoological ,society1 9 ! ,reg5t's ,p>k2 ,mr4 ,baily be+ ! sole judge4 ,x 0 a v fair beg9n+1 b did n succe$1 & x 0 n till ! ,co*9-,*9a bre$ 0 introduc$ into ?is c\ntry1 & ! fir/ ,birm+ham %[ 0 held1 t ^! exhibitions became successful4 ,9 #ahdi1 ! fir/ p\ltry %[ t 0 ev] held 9 '! good old t[n ( ,birm+ham1' 0 beset ) all ! untri$ difficulties ( su* a s*eme1 :5 )\t ! exp]i5ces ( ! pres5t day1 !n altoge!r unavailable1 a few spirit$ individuals c>ri$ to a successful issue an ev5t t has n[ prov$ ! fo/]-p>5t ( ! _m o!rs ( simil> "* t ab\nd 9 almo/ e pr9cipal t[n ( ! ,unit$ ,k+dom4 ,x is q ess5tial1 t ,i may be cle>ly und]/ood1 to preface my n>rative by assur+ fanci]s t 9 ^? =m] days p\ltry amateurs 7 by no means z g5]al z at ! pres5t "t2 few & f> betwe5 7 _! locations2 & ?\gh ev5 !n1 among ! few :o felt int]e/ 9 f[ls1 emulation exi/$1 g5]ally speak+1 ! keep+ ( p\ltry 0 reg>d$ z 'a useless hobby1' 'a m]e individual caprice1' 'an idle :im f :i* no good result c\ld by possibility accrue'2 nay1 sometimes x 0 h9t$1 ',:at a pity !y h n some?+ bett] to employ !m dur+ leisure h\rs6' & !y 7 /yl$ 'en?usia/s4' ,b h n ! records ( e age prov$ t en?usia/s are inv>iably ! pione]s ( improvem5t8 ,& "t1 too1 sub/antiat$ ! v]ity ( ?is rule 9 ref]5ce to our subject2 =1 among o!r pro(s1 x br\ght inconte/able evid5ce t ! rais+ ( p\ltry 0 by no means ! unremun]ative folly idl]s suppos$ x to be1 & hesitat$ n ra%ly to declaim x2 likewise1 t x simply requir$ to be fairly br\ght "u public notice1 to prove its g5]al utility1 & to induce ! ackn[l$gm5t ( h[ /rangely s important a s\rce ( emolum5t _h be5 hi!rto neglect$ & ov]look$4 ,at ! ,birm+ham ,%[ ( #aheb1 ab\t five ?\s& f[ls 7 exhibit$1 & ! specim5s sold dur+ ! f\r days ( ! %[ am\nt$ to ne>ly two ?\s& p\nds1 not)/&+ ! high prices affix$ to ! p5s1 & t _m 7 plac$ at enorm\s prices am\nt+ to a prohibition1 ! own]s n wi%+ to sell !m4 ,! ,birm+ham %[s n[ g5]ally comprise f "o to two ?\s& p5s ( f[ls & wat]-f[ls1 arrang$ 9 ne>ly "o hundr$ classes2 besides an equal proportion ( pigeons4 ,?is %[ is ! f9e/ & mo/ important1 b !re are _m o!rs ( v high "* & great ext5t4 ,p\ltry is also n[ exhibit$ to a consid]able ext5t at agricultural meet+s4 ,any "o may see ! wond]ful improvem5t t has be5 made 9 p\ltry-bre$+ by visit+ ! next ,birm+ham or o!r fir/-class %[1 & comp>+ ! f[ls !re exhibit$ ) ^? ( 8 e>lie/ recollections1 & ) ^? mongrels & impure bre$s :i* may /ill be se5 9 too _m f>my>ds4 ,po9ts t 7 said to be impossible ( atta9m5t h be5 obta9$ ) comp>ative ease by p]s]v]ance & skill1 & ! wor/ birds ( a %[ are n[ (t5 sup]ior to ! *ief prize f[ls ( =m] days4 ,inde$1 a mod]n prize bird1 says ! ,h5wife1 almo/ m]its ! "* :i* a ,p>isian wait] gave ( a melon1 :5 ask$ to pron\nce :e!r x 0 a fruit or a vegetable1 ',g5tlem51' said he1 'a melon is nei!r2 x is a "w ( art4' ,su* %[s mu/ h great influ5ce on ! improvem5t ( ! bre$s & ! g5]al managem5t ( p\ltry1 ?\gh l all o!r prize exhibitions !y h c]ta9 disadvantages4 ,we _c b ?9k1 says ,mr4 ,wright1 t our p\ltry %[s h1 to "s ext5t1 by ! "* ( ! judg+1 h9d]$ ! improvem5t ( _m bre$s4 ,x w be readily admitt$ 9 !ory t a bre$ ( f[ls becomes m & m valuable z its capacity ( produc+ eggs is increas$1 & ! quantity & quality ( its fle% are improv$1 ) a small am\nt ( bone & (fal 9 proportion4 ,b1 if we except ! ,dork+1 :i* c]ta9ly is judg$ to "s ext5t z a table f[l1 all ?is is totally lo/ sight ( bo? by bre$]s & judges1 & att5tion is fix$ exclusively ^u col\r1 comb1 face1 & o!r equally fancy 'po9ts4' ,beauty & utility might be bo? secur$4 ,! ,fr5* h taught u a lesson ( "s value 9 ?is respect4 ,)9 a comp>atively rec5t p]iod !y h produc$1 by cross+ & selection1 f\r new v>ieties1 :i*1 al?\gh inf]ior 9 "s po9ts to o!rs ( old] /&+1 are all em95tly valuable z table f[ls2 & :i* 9 "o p>ticul> are sup]ior to any ,engli% v>iety1 n ev5 except+ ! ,dork+--we mean ! v small proportion ( bone & (fal4 ,?is is really useful & sci5tific bre$+1 br\ght to be> ^u "o def9ite object1 & we d tru/ ! result w prove sugge/ive ) reg>d to o!rs equally valuable4 ,we %\ld be afraid to say h[ mu* might be done if ,engli% bre$]s w\ld br+ _! p]sev]ance & exp]i5ce to be> 9 a simil> direction4 ,agricultural ,societies 9 p>ticul> might be expect$ 9 _! exhibitions to %[ "s int]e/ 9 ! improvem5t ( p\ltry reg>d$ z useful /ock1 & to !m especially we comm5d ! matt]4 ,! rules & regulations relat+ to exhibitions v>y at diff]5t %[s1 & may be obta9$ by apply+ to ! secret>y4 ,notices ( exhibitions are adv]tis$ 9 ! local pap]s1 & 9 ! ,field & o!r ,london pap]s ( an agricultural "*4 ,9 bre$+ birds = exhibition ! numb] ( h5s to "o cock %\ld n exce$ f\r or five1 b if only two or ?ree h5s ( ! bre$ are possess$1 ! prop] numb] ( 8 h>em %\ld be made up by ! addition ( h5s ( ano!r bre$1 ^? be+ *os5 ^: eggs are easily kn[n f ! o!rs4 ,if x is int5d$ to re> ! *ick5s = exhibition at ! ,june1 ,july1 or ,augu/ %[s1 ! e>li] !y are hat*$ ! bett]1 & !re=e a sitt+ %\ld be made 9 ,janu>y1 if y h a "y1 heal?y h5 broody4 ,set h] on ! gr\nd 9 a w>m1 %elt]$1 & quiet place1 p]fectly secure f ra91 or f any fl[ ( sn[ wat]4 ,fe$ h] well1 & keep wat] & small quantities ( food con/antly )9 h] rea*1 s t %e may n be tempt$ to leave ! ne/ 9 se>* ( food2 = ! eggs soon *ill 9 w9t]4 ,mix ! be/ oatmeal ) hot wat]1 & give x to h] w>m twice a day4 ,a few gra9s ( hempse$ z a /imulant may be giv5 9 ! middle ( ! day4 ,! great difficulty to ov]come 9 re>+ e>ly *ick5s is to su/a9 _! vital p[]s dur+ ! v long w9t] nights1 :5 !y are = s _m h\rs )\t food1 ! only sub/itute = :i* is w>m?1 & ?is c only be well got f ! h54 ,consequ5tly a "y ,co*9-,*9a ) pl5ty ( fluff w provide mo/ w>m?4 ,! h5 %\ld n be set on m ?an five1 or at mo/ sev5 eggs2 = if %e has m1 al?\gh %e may suffici5tly cov] ! *ick5s :ile v small1 %e w n be able to d s :5 !y gr[ l>g]1 & ! out] ones w be *ill$ unless !y manage to pu% !mselves into ! inside places1 & !n ! displac$ *ick5s be+ w>m are sure to get m *ill$ ?an ! o!rs2 & s ! great] numb] ( ! brood1 ev5 if !y survive1 w probably be weakly1 puny ?+s1 ?r\gh ! gre$y desire to re> s _m1 :ile if %e hat* b five *ick5s %e w probably re> f\r4 ,! h5 %\ld be coop$ until ! *ick5s are at lea/ t5 weeks old1 & cov]$ up at night ) matt+1 sack+1 or a piece ( c>pet4 ,give !m pl5ty ( curd1 *opp$ egg1 & oatmeal1 mix$ ) new milk4 ,/iff oatmeal porridge is ! be/ /ock food4 ,"s onion tops m9c$ f9e w be an excell5t addition if !y c be _h4 ,!y %\ld h "s milk to dr9k4 ,fe$ ! h5 well4 ,! be/ w>m? ! *ick5s c h is t ( _! "m1 & ! be/ w>m? = h] is g5]at$ by g5]\s1 b prop]1 food1 & a good supply ( x4 ,e>ly *ick5s re>+ = %[ %\ld be f$ twice aft] d>k1 say at eight & elev5 o'clock1 & aga9 at sev5 9 ! morn+1 s t !y w n be )\t food = m ?an eight h\rs4 ,! h5 %\ld be f$ at ! same times1 & %e w become accu/om$ to x1 & call ! *ick5s to fe$2 x w also g5]ate m w>m? 9 h] = _! b5efit4 ,yolk ( egg beat5 up & giv5 to dr9k is mo/ /r5g!n+ = weakly *ick5s2 or x may be mix$ ) _! oatmeal4 ,! t5d] bre$s %\ld n be hat*$ till ,april or ,may1 unless 9 a mild climate1 or ) exceptional advantages4 ,= w9t] exhibition1 ,m>* & ,april hat*$ birds are pref]able to ^? hat*$ e>li]4 ,n m ?an sev5 eggs %\ld be set1 = a h5 _c scrat* up insects & worms & f9d peculi> h]bage = m ?an six *ick5s4 ,if ! *ick5s h n a good grass run1 !y mu/ be suppli$ ) abundance ( gre5 food4 ,!y %\ld n be all[$ to roo/ be=e !y are ?ree mon?s old1 & ! p]*es mu/ be suffici5tly l>ge4 ,mr4 ,wright recomm5ds a b$ ( clean1 dry a%es1 an in* deep1 = ^? t leave ! h5 be=e ! prop] age = roo/+1 & does n all[ 8 *ick5s1 ev5 :ile ) ! h51 to b$ ^u /raw1 consid]+ ! a%es to be mu* clean] & also w>m]4 ,! *ick5s int5d$ to be exhibit$ %\ld be di/+ui%$ f _! companions by small /ripes ( diff]5t col\r$ silks loosely sewn r\nd _! legs1 :i* di/+ui%+ col\rs %\ld be ent]$ 9 ! p\ltry-book4 ,a few good birds %\ld always be kept 9 res]ve to fill up ! p5 9 case ( accid5ts4 ,weight is m important 9 ! ,decemb] & lat] w9t] %[s ?an at ^? held betwe5 ,augu/ & ,novemb]1 b at all %[s fea!r & o!r po9ts ( competitors be+ equal weight mu/ c>ry ! day1 ,game & ,bantams except$4 ,x is n safe to tru/ to ! app>5t weight ( a bird1 = ! fea!rs deceive1 & x is !re=e advisable to weigh ! birds occasionally4 ,ea* %\ld be weigh$ 9 a basket1 all[ance be+ made = ! weight ( ! basket1 & !y %\ld if possible be weigh$ be=e a meal4 ,b f[ls t are ov]-fatt5$1 z "s judges v improp]ly desire1 _c be 9 good heal? anymore ?an cramm$ f[ls1 & are useless = bre$+1 produc+ at be/ a few puny1 delicate1 or sickly *ick5s2 ?us mak+ ! exhibition a m]e %[1 b>r5 ( all useful results4 ,pullets cont9ue to gr[ until !y beg9 to lay1 :i* almo/ or q /ops _! gr[?2 & !re=e if great size is desir$ = exhibition1 !y %\ld be kept f ! cock]els & p>tly f /imulat+ food until a mon? be=e ! %[1 :5 !y w be requir$ to be mat*$ 9 p5s4 ,dur+ ?is mon? !y %\ld h extra food & att5tion4 ,if f[ls int5d$ = exhibition are all[$ to sit1 ! *ick5s are apt to cause injury to _! plumage1 & loss ( condition1 :ile if prev5t$ f sitt+1 !y are liable to suff] 9 m\lt+4 ,_! *ick5s may be giv5 to o!r h5s1 b ! be/ & safe/ plan is to set a broody exhibition h5 on duck's eggs1 :i* w satisfy h] natural desire = sitt+1 :ile ! "y duckl+s w give h] mu* less tr\ble1 & leave h] soon] ?an a brood ( h] own k9d4 ,all ! birds 9 a p5 %\ld mat* 9 comb1 col\r ( _! legs1 & inde$ 9 e p>ticul>4 ,mr4 ,baily m5tions a common fault 9 exhibitors :o s5d two p5s compos$ ( ?ree excell5t & ?ree inf]ior birds1 s divid$ z to =m p]haps "o ?ird class & "o highly comm5d$ p53 :]eas a diff]5t selection w\ld make "o ( unusual m]it4 ,if an amateur :o wi%es to exhibit has fifte5 f[ls to *oose f1 & to =m a p5 ( a cock & two h5s1 he %\ld /udy & scan !m closely :ile fe$+ at 8 feet 9 ! morn+4 ,he %\ld !n h a place simil> to an exhibition p51 :]e9 he c put ! select$ birds2 !y %\ld be rais$ to ! height at :i* he c be/ see !m1 & be=e he has look$ long at !m defects w become app>5t "o aft] ! o!r till1 9 all probability1 nei!r ( ! subjects ( 8 fir/ selection w g to ! %[4 ,we also advise him r to look = defects ?an to dwell on beauties--! latt] are always prom95t en\gh4 ,! p5 ( :i* we speak %\ld be a moveable "o = conv5i5ce' sake1 & x is well to leave ! f[ls 9 x = a "t t !y may become accu/om$ to ea* o!r1 & also to an exhibition p54 ,birds t are /rang]s %\ld nev] be put into ! same hamp]1 = n only ! cocks b ev5 ! h5s w fight ) & disfigure ea* o!r4 ,"s give l9se$ = a few days be=e ! exhibition to imp>t lu/re to ! plumage1 by increas+ ! secretion ( oil4 ,a small quantity ( ! meal %\ld be mix$ ) _! usual s(t food1 z f[ls g5]ally refuse ! :ole gra94 ,b buck:eat & hempse$1 mix$ 9 equal proportions1 if giv5 = ! ev5+ meal dur+ ! la/ t5 or twelve days1 is heal?i] = ! bird1 mu* lik$1 & w n only imp>t equal lu/re to ! plumage1 b also improve ! appe>ance ( ! comb & wattles4 ,spani% f[ls %\ld be kept 9 conf9em5t = "s days be=e ! %[1 ) j en\gh light to enable !m to fe$ & p]*1 & ! place %\ld be litt]$ ) clean /raw4 ,?is greatly improves _! condition2 :y we "k n1 b x is an e/abli%$ fact4 ,game f[ls %\ld be kept 9 = a few days1 & f$ on meal1 b>ley1 & bread1 ) a few peas1 :i* t5d to make ! plumage h>d1 b w make !m too fat if giv5 freely4 ,d>k & gold5 birds %\ld be all[$ to run ab\t till !y h to be s5t (f4 ,remove all scurf or dead sk9 f ! comb1 dry dirt f ! beak1 & /a9s f ! plumage1 & wa% _! legs clean4 ,:ite & light f[ls t h a good grass run & pl5ty ( clean /raw 9 _! h\ses & y>ds to scrat* 91 w seldom require wa%+1 b t[n birds1 & c\ntry ones if n p]fectly clean1 %\ld be wa%$ ! day be=e ! %[ ) tepid wat] & mild :ite soap rubb$ on flannel1 c>e be+ tak5 to wa% ! fea!rs d[nw>ds1 s z n to break or ruffle !m2 aft]w>ds wip$ ) a piece ( flannel t has be5 ?or\ghly soak$ 9 clean wat]1 & g5tly dri$ ) s(t t[els be=e ! fire2 or ! bird may be entirely dipp$ into a pan ( w>m wat]1 !n r9s$ ?or\ghly 9 cold wat]1 wip$ ) a flannel1 & plac$ 9 a basket ) s(t /raw be=e a fire to dry4 ,!y %\ld !n be %ut up 9 _! h\ses ) pl5ty ( clean /raw4 ,!y %\ld h _! feet wa%$ if dirty1 & be well f$ ) s(t n\ri%+ food j be=e be+ put into ! travell+-basket1 = h>d food is apt to cause fev] & heat :ile travell+1 &1 hav+ to be dige/$ )\t gravel or ex]cise1 causes indige/ion1 :i* ruffles ! plumage1 dulls its col\r1 d>k5s ! comb1 & altoge!r spoils ! appe>ance ( ! bird4 ,sopp$ or /eep$ bread is excell5t4 ,! hamp]s %\ld always be r\nd or oval 9 =m1 z f[ls inv>iably creep into corn]s & de/roy _! plumage4 ,!y %\ld be high en\gh = ! cocks to /& upright 91 )\t t\*+ ! top ) _! combs4 ,"s exhibitors pref] canvas tops to wick] lids1 consid]+ t ! =m] pres]ve ! f[ls' combs f injury if !y %\ld /rike aga9/ ! top1 :ile o!rs pref] ! latt] z be+ m secure1 & all[+ "o hamp] to be plac$ ^u ano!r if necess>y1 & also pres]v+ ! f[ls f injury if a heavy hamp] or package %\ld o!rwise be plac$ ov] x4 ,a good plan is to h a d\ble canvas top1 ! space betwe5 be+ fill$ ) hay4 ,a ?ick lay] ( hay or /raw %\ld be plac$ at ! bottom ( ! basket4 ,:eat5 /raw is ! be/ 9 summ] & e>ly autumn1 & oat or b>ley /raw lat] 9 ! ye> & dur+ w9t]4 ,a good l9+ also is ess5tial2 co>se calico /it*$ r\nd ! inside ( ! basket is ! be/4 ,ducks & geese d n require _! hamp]s to be l9$1 except 9 v cold wea!r2 & ! be/ l9+ = !m is made by /it*+ lay]s ( pull$ /raw r\nd ! inside ( ! basket4 ,turkeys %\ld h _! hamp]s l9$1 = al?\gh !y are v h>dy1 cold & wet damage _! appe>ance m ?an o!r p\ltry4 ,take c>e t ! geese _c get at ! label1 = !y w eat x1 & also dev\r ! hemp5 fa/5+s if )9 _! rea*4 ,be v c>eful 9 ent]+ y\r birds = exhibition2 describe _! ages1 bre$1 c41 exactly & accurately1 & see y\rself to ! pack+ & labell+ ( _! hamp]s4 ,mr4 ,f4 ,wragg1 ! sup]9t5d5t ( ! p\ltry-y>d ( ,r4 ,w4 ,boyle1 ,esq41 ^: f[ls h a sea voyage f ,irel& besides ! railway j\rney1 & yet always appe> 9 spl5did condition & bloom1 ties on "o side ( ! hamp]1 ne> ! top1 a fre%-pull$ cabbage1 & on ! o!r side a good piece ( ! bottom side ( a loaf1 ( :i* !y w eat away all ! s(t "p4 ,be=e />t+1 ,i give ea* bird half a tablespoonful ( port w9e1 :i* makes !m sleep a good "p ( ! j\rney4 ,( c\rse1 if ,i g ) my birds1 z ,i g5]ally d1 ,i see t !y1 z well z myself1 h 'refre%m5t' on ! road4,a ,! cabbage w always be a treat1 & ! loaf & w9e may be add$ = long j\rneys4 ,birds are frequ5tly ov]-f$ at ! %[1 p>ticul>ly ) b>ley1 :i* _c be prop]ly dige/$ = want ( gravel & ex]cise2 & !re=e1 if ^u _! return _! crops are h>d & combs look d>k1 give a tablespoonful ( ca/or oil2 b if !y look well d n int]f]e ) !m4 ,!y %\ld n h any gra91 b be f$ sp>+ly on /ale bread soak$ 9 w>m ale1 ) two or ?ree m\?fuls ( tepid wat]1 = liquid is mo/ hurtful if giv5 9 quantity4 ,!y %\ld n be put into ! y>d ) ! o!r f[ls :i* may treat !m1 aft] _! abs5ce1 z intrud]s1 b be jo9$ ) !m at night :5 ! o!rs h gone to roo/4 ,on ! next day give !m a mod]ate all[ance ( s(t food ) a mod]ate supply ( wat]1 or /ale bread sopp$ 9 wat]1 & a sod ( grass or half a cabbage leaf ea*1 b no o!r gre5 food2 & on ! foll[+ day !y may h _! usual food4 ,:5 ! f[ls are br\ght back1 take out ! l9+s1 wa% !m1 & put !m by to be ready = ! next %[2 & aft] ! exhibition season1 on a f9e dry day1 wa% ! hamp]s1 dry !m ?or\ghly1 & put !m 9 a dry place4 ,nev] use !m z quiet b]?s = sick birds1 :i* are sure to infect !m & cause ! illness ( ! next occupants2 or z ne/+-places = sitt+ h5s1 :i* may leave insects 9 ! crevices t w be difficult to eradicate4 ,9 our descriptions ( ! v>i\s ,bre$s1 we h giv5 suffici5t g5]al in=mation ^u ! ,exhibition ,po9ts f ! be/ au?orities2 b consid]able diff]5ces ( op9ion h be5 express$ ( late ye>s1 & em95t bre$]s diss5t 9 "s cases ev5 f ! g5]ally recognis$ au?ority ( ! popul> ,/&>d ( ,excell5ce4 ,we1 !re=e1 advise int5d+ exhibitors to asc]ta9 ! /&>ds to be foll[$ at ! %[ & ! pr$ilections ( ! judges1 & to bre$ accord+ly1 or1 if !y object to ! views held1 n to compete at t exhibition4 ,,te*nical ,,t]ms4 ,cov]ts4--,! upp] & l[] w+ cov]ts are ^? ranges ( fea!rs :i* cov] ! prim>y quills2 & ! tail cov]ts are ^? fea!rs gr[+ on ea* side ( ! tail1 & are long] ?an ! body fea!rs1 b %ort] ?an ^? ( ! tail4 ,dubb+4--,cutt+ (f ! comb & wattles ( a cock2 an op]ation usually conf9$ to ,game cocks4 ,e>-lobe4--,! small fea!rs cov]+ ! organ ( he>+1 :i* is plac$ a little beh9d ! eye4 ,flight4--,! la/ five fea!rs ( ea* w+4 ,fluff4--,! silky fea!rs gr[+ on ! ?ighs & h9d] p>ts ( ,co*9-,*9a f[ls4 ,hackles4--,! neck hackles are fea!rs gr[+ f ! neck1 & cov]+ ! %\ld]s & "p ( ! back2 & ! saddle hackles ^? gr[+ f ! end ( ! back1 & fall+ ov] ! sides4 ,legs4--,! legs are prop]ly ! l[] & scaly limbs1 ! upp] "p cov]$ ) fea!rs & frequ5tly mis-call$ legs1 be+ correctly /yl$ ! ?ighs4 ,prim>y ,quills4--,! long1 /rong quills1 usually t5 9 numb]1 =m+ ! *ief portion ( ea* w+1 & ! means ( flight4 ,vulture-hock$4--,fea!rs gr[+ f ! ?igh1 & project+ backw>ds bel[ ! knee4 ,illu/ration3 ,buff & ,:ite ,co*9-,*9a4 ,malay ,cock4 ,light & ,d>k ,brahmas4 ,,*apt] ,x4 ,,co*9-,,*9as1 ,,or ,,%anghaes4 ,l _m o!r f[ls ^! possess a "n :i* is incorrectly appli$1 = !y came f ,%anghae1 n ,co*9-,*9a1 :]e !y 7 comp>atively unkn[n4 ,mr4 ,=tune1 :o1 f 8 travels 9 ,*9a1 is well qualifi$ to give an op9ion1 /ates t !y are a ,*9ese bre$1 kept 9 great numb]s at ,%anghae2 ! real ,co*9-,*9a bre$ be+ small & elegantly %ap$4 ,b all attempts to give !m ! "n ( ! port f :i* !y 7 br\ght h fail$1 & ! majority ( bre$]s p]si/ 9 call+ !m ,co*9s4 ,9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates bo? names are us$1 ! fea!r-legg$ be+ call$ ,%anghaes1 & ! clean-legg$ ,co*9s4 ,! fir/ ,%anghae f[ls br\ght to ?is c\ntry 7 s5t f ,india to ,h] ,maje/y1 :i* gave !m great importance2 & ! eggs hav+ be5 freely di/ribut$ by ! k9dness ( ! ,que5 & ! ,pr9ce ,consort1 ! bre$ 0 soon widely spread4 ,!y 7 fir/ introduc$ into ?is c\ntry :5 ! nor!rn ports ( ,*9a1 includ+ ,%anghae1 7 ?r[n op5 to ,european vessels on ! conclusion ( ! ,*9ese w> 9 #ahdc2 b "s assign ! date ( _! introduction f #ahdd to #ahdg1 & say t ^? call$ ,co*9s1 exhibit$ by ! ,que5 9 #ahdc1 7 n ! true bre$1 hav+ be5 n only entirely )\t fea!rs on ! %anks1 b also altoge!r diff]5t 9 =m & g5]al *>act]i/ics4 ,a pair :i* 7 s5t by ,h] ,maje/y = exhibition at ! ,dubl9 ,cattle ,%[ 9 ,april1 #ahdf1 creat$ su* a s5sation f _! great size & imm5se weight1 & ! full1 l\d1 deep-pit*$ cr[+ ( ! cock1 t almo/ e "o seem$ desir\s to possess "s ( ! bre$1 & enorm\s prices 7 giv5 = ! eggs & *ick5s4 ,) 8 prop5sity = exagg]ation1 ,paddy boa/$ t !y laid five eggs 9 two days1 ea* weigh+ ?ree ounces1 t ! f[ls equall$ turkeys 9 size1 & ,co*9 eggs became 9 z great dem& z ?\gh !y _h be5 laid by ! fabl$ gold5 goose4 ,philosoph]s1 poets1 m]*ants1 & sweeps _h alike p>took ( ! mania2 & al?\gh ! latt] c\ld h>dly come up to ! price ( a real ,co*91 !re 7 pl5ty ( vagabond deal]s ab\t1 ) c\nt]feit cross$ birds ( all k9ds1 :i* 7 adv]tis$ to be ! g5u9e article4 ,= to su* a pit* did ! excitem5t rise1 t !y :o nev] kept a f[l 9 _! lives1 & w\ld h>dly "k a ,bantam f a ,dork+1 puzzl$ _! %all[ bra9s z to ! prop] place to keep !m1 & ! prop] diet to fe$ !m on4 ,_! ju/ly-des]v$ popul>ity spe$ily grew into a mania1 & ! price :i* _h be5 f fifte5 to ?irty %ill+s ea*1 !n consid]$ a high price = a f[l1 rose to t5 p\nds = a f9e specim51 & ultimately a hundr$ gu9eas 0 repeat$ly paid = a s+le cock1 & 0 n an uncommon price = a pair ( really f9e birds4 ,!y 7 aft]w>ds br$1 says ,miss ,watts1 = qualities difficult ( atta9m5t1 &1 z ! result prov$1 little wor? try+ =1 & f[ls ) _m excell5t qualities 7 blam$ = n be+ p]fect1 & !y fell f _! high place1 & 7 z unju/ly depreciat$ z !y _h be5 unduly exalt$4 ,_h ^! birds1 wrote ,mr4 ,baily _m ye>s s9ce1 be5 %y bre$]s--if l song birds ! produce ( a pair 7 f\r1 or at mo/ five1 birds 9 ! ye>1 prices might h be5 ma9ta9$2 b z !y are m>vell\s lay]s !y increas$4 ,!y br$ 9 l>ge numb]s1 & consequ5tly became *eap]1 & !n ! mania end$1 because ^? :o dealt mo/ l>gely 9 !m did s n f a love ( ! birds or ! pursuit1 b z a speculation4 ,z !y _h ov]-prais$ !m be=e1 !y n[ treat$ !m ) contempt4 ,any?+ l a mod]ate pr(it 0 despis$1 & ! birds 7 left to _! own m]its4 ,^! 7 suffici5t to ensure _! popul>ity1 & n[ aft] fluctuat+ 9 value m ?an any?+ except %>es1 aft] be+ ov]-prais$ & !n abus$1 !y h rema9$ fav\rites ) a l>ge portion ( ! public1 sell at a remun]at+ price1 & =m "o ( ! l>ge/ classes at all ! great exhibitions4 ,?is has prov$ to be a p]fectly correct view1 & ! bre$ is n[ firmly e/abli%$ 9 public e/imation1 & unusually f9e birds w /ill sell = f five to tw5ty p\nds ea*4 ,! mania did great s]vice to ! bre$+ & improvem5t ( p\ltry by awak5+ an int]e/ 9 ! subject ?r\gh\t ! k+dom :i* has la/$4 ,!y are ! be/ ( all f[ls = a limit$ space1 & n incl9$ to w&] ev5 :5 !y h an ext5sive run4 ,!y _c fly1 & a f5ce ?ree feet high w keep !m 94 ,b if kept 9 a conf9$ space !y mu/ h an unlimit$ supply ( gre5 food4 ,!y give u eggs :5 !y are mo/ exp5sive1 & inde$1 ) reg>d to new-laid eggs1 :5 !y are almo/ impossible to be _h at any price4 ,!y beg9 to lay soon aft] !y are five mon?s old1 reg>dless ( ! season or wea!r1 & lay ?r\gh\t ! ye>1 except :5 requir+ to sit1 :i* !y d twice or ?rice a ye>1 & "s (t5]4 ,pullets w sometimes lay at f\rte5 weeks1 & want to sit be=e !y are six mon?s old4 ,co*9s h be5 kn[n to lay twice 9 a day1 b n aga9 on ! foll[+ day1 & ! in/ances are exceptional4 ,_! eggs are ( a pale *ocolate col\r1 ( excell5t flav\r1 & usually weigh #b-a_/d ounces ea*4 ,!y are excell5t sitt]s & mo!rs4 ,pullets w frequ5tly hat*1 lay aga91 & sit ) ! *ick5s ( ! fir/ brood ar\nd !m4 ,co*9s are mo/ valuable z sitt]s e>ly 9 ! ye>1 be+ broody :5 o!r f[ls are beg9n+ to lay2 b unless coop$ !y are apt to leave _! *ick5s too soon1 especially = e>ly broods1 & lay aga94 ,!y are v h>dy1 & _! *ick5s easy to re>1 do+ well ev5 9 bleak places )\t any unusual c>e4 ,b !y are backw>d 9 fl$g+1 *ick5s br$ f immature f[ls be+ ! mo/ backw>d4 ,^? :i* are cock]els %[ _! flight fea!rs e>lie/4 ,!y are v e>ly matur$4 ,a writ] 9 ! ,p\ltry ,*ronicle well says3 ,^! f[ls 7 s5t to provide food = man2 by _m !y are n ?\ght good table f[ls2 b :5 o!rs fail1 if y keep !m1 y %all nev] want ! luxury ( a really new-laid egg on y\r breakfa/ table4 ,! sn[ may fall1 ! fro/ may be ?ick on y\r w9d[s :5 y fir/ look out on a ,decemb] morn+1 b y\r ,co*9s w provide y eggs4 ,y\r *ildr5 %all le>n g5tl5ess & k9dness f !m1 = !y are k9d & g5tle1 & y %all be at peace ) y\r neighb\rs1 = !y w n w&] nor become depr$ators4 ,!y h fall5 9 price because !y 7 unnaturally exalt$2 b _! sun is n eclips$2 !y h good qualities1 & valuable4 ,!y %all n[ be )9 ! rea* ( all2 & w make ! delight ( _m by _! dome/ic habits1 :i* w all[ !m to be kept :]e o!rs w\ld be an annoyance4 ,!y w let y take !m (f _! roo/1 h&le & exam9e !m1 & put !m back )\t /ruggl+4 ,! fault ( ! ,co*9-,*9as z table birds is1 t !y produce mo/ meat on ! inf]ior p>ts2 ?us1 !re is g5]ally too little on ! brea/ :i* is ! prime "p ( a f[l1 :ile ! leg :i* is an inf]ior "p1 is unusually fle%y1 b x mu/ be admitt$ t ! leg is m t5d] ?an 9 o!r bre$s4 ,a great] quantity ( fle% may be rais$ )9 a giv5 "t1 on a c]ta9 quantity ( food1 f ^! f[ls ?an f any o!r bre$4 ,! cross ) ! ,dork+ is easily re>$1 & produces a v heavy & well-%ap$ f[l = ! table1 & a good lay]4 ,a great hue & cry1 says ,miss ,watts1 has be5 rais$ aga9/ ! ,co*9-,*9as z f[ls = ! table1 b we believe none h be/[$ att5tion on bre$+ !m ) a view to ?is valuable consid]ation4 ,squ>e1 compact1 %ort-legg$ birds h be5 neglect$ = a c]ta9 col\r ( fea!r1 & a broad *e/ 0 giv5 up = ! w$ge-=m at ! v "t t 0 pron\nc$ a fault 9 ! f[l4 ,x is said t yell[-legg$ f[ls are yell[ also 9 ! sk91 & t :ite sk9 & :ite legs accompany ea* o!r2 b h[ p]t9aci\sly ! yell[ leg ( ! ,co*9 is adh]$ to6 ,yet all :o h br$ !m w atte/ t a little c>eful bre$+ w\ld p]petuate :ite-legg$ ,co*9s4 ,exhibitions are g5]ally excell5t2 b to ?is f[l !y c]ta9ly h only be5 injuri\s1 by exagg]at+ useless & fancy qualities at ! exp5se ( ^? :i* are solid & useful4 ,:o w\ld fav\r1 or ev5 sanction1 a ,dork+ 9 :i* size & %ape1 & e prop]ty we value 9 !m1 0 sacrific$ to an endeav\r to bre$ to a p>ticul> col\r8 & ?is is :at we h be5 do+ ) ! ,co*9-,*9a4 ,_m bre$]s say1 eat ,co*9s :ile v "y2 b we h f\nd !m mu* bett] = ! table z f[ls ?an z *ick5s4 ,a f9e ,co*91 f five to sev5 mon?s old1 is l a turkey1 & v juicy & f9e 9 flav\r4 ,a peculi> *>act]i/ic ( ^! birds1 te*nically call$ fluff1 is a quantity ( beautifully s(t1 long fea!rs1 cov]+ ! ?ighs till !y project consid]ably1 & g>ni%+ all ! h9d] p>ts ( ! bird 9 ! same mann]1 s t ! broade/ "p ( ! bird is beh9d4 ,its quality is a good indication ( ! bre$2 if f9e & d[ny ! birds are probably well-br$1 b if rank & co>se !y are inf]ior4 ,! cocks are frequ5tly some:at scanty 9 fluff1 b %\ld be *os5 ) z mu* z possible2 b vulture-hocks :i* (t5 accompany ! heavie/ fea!r$ birds %\ld be avoid$1 z !y n[ disqualify at ! be/ %[s4 ,! fluff1 says a good au?ority1 9 ! h5 especially1 %\ld s cov] ! tail fea!rs z to give ! appe>ance ( a v %ort back1 ! l9e tak+ an upw>d direction f )9 an in* or s ( ! po9t ( junction ) ! hackle4 ,! la/ jo9t ( ! w+s folds up1 s t ! ends ( ! flight fea!rs are conceal$ by ! middle fea!rs1 & _! extremities are aga9 cov]$ by ! copi\s saddle1 :i* peculi>ity has caus$ !m to be also call$ ! o/ri*-f[l4 ,a good ,co*9 cock %\ld be compact1 l>ge1 & squ>e built2 broad across ! lo9s & h9d-qu>t]s2 ) a deep keel2 broad1 %ort back2 %ort neck2 small1 delicately-%ap$1 well-ar*$ head2 %ort1 /rong1 curv$ beak2 r small1 f9ely & ev5ly s]rat$1 /raight1 s+le1 erect comb1 :olly free f r$uplications & sprigs2 brilliant r$ face1 & p5dant wattles2 long hang+ e>-lobe1 ( pure r$1 :ite be+ inadmissible2 bright1 bold eye1 approa*+ ! plumage 9 col\r2 ri*1 full1 long hackle2 small1 closely-fold$ w+s2 %ort tail1 sc>cely any 9 "s f9e specim5s1 n v erect1 ) slightly twi/$ glossy fea!rs fall+ ov] x l ^? ( ! o/ri*2 /\t legs set widely ap>t1 yell[ & heavily fea!r$ to ! toe2 & erect c>riage4 ,! *ief defect ( ! bre$ is n>r[ness ( brea/1 :i* %\ld !re=e be s\ght = z full z possible4 ,! h5's body is mu* deep] 9 proportion ?an t ( ! cock4 ,%e resembles him ^u mo/ po9ts1 b diff]s 9 "s2 h] comb hav+ _m ind5tations2 ! fluff be+ s(t]1 & ( almo/ silky quality2 ! tail has upright in/ead ( fall+ fea!rs1 & comes to a blunt po9t2 & h] c>riage is less upright4 ,co*9s lose _! beauty e>li] ?an any o!r bre$1 & m\lt ) m difficulty ea* "t4 ,!y are 9 _! greate/ beauty at f n9e to eighte5 mon?s old4 ,! cocks' tails increase ) age4 ,9 buy+ ,co*9s avoid clean legs1 fif? toes1 :i* %[ t x has be5 cross$ ) ! ,dork+1 d\ble combs t betray ,malay blood1 & long tails1 p>ticul>ly tak+ c>e t ! cock has n1 & asc]ta9+ t he nev] _h1 sickle fea!rs4 ,! cock ought n to weigh less ?an t5 or elev5 p\nds1 & a v f9e bird w rea* ?irte52 ! h5s f eight to t5 p\nds4 ,! pr9cipal col\rs n[ br$ are ,buff1 ,c9namon1 ,p>tridge1 ,gr\se1 ,black1 & ,:ite4 ,! ,buff & ,:ite are ! mo/ popul>4 ,buff birds may h black 9 ! tails ( bo? sexes1 b ! less !re is ! bett]4 ,black-p5cill+ 9 ! hackle is consid]$ objectionable at good %[s4 ,! cock's neck hackles1 w+ cov]ts1 back1 & saddle hackles1 are usually ( a ri* gold col\r1 b 8 brea/ & ! l[] p>ts ( 8 body %\ld mat* ) ^? ( 8 h5s4 ,buff birds g5]ally produce *ick5s light] ?an !mselves4 ,mo/ birds become r light] at ea* m\lt4 ,9 mak+ up an exhibition p51 obs]ve t ,gr\se & ,p>tridge h5s %\ld h a black-brea/$ cock2 & t ,buff & ,c9namon birds %\ld n be plac$ toge!r1 b all ! birds 9 ! p5 %\ld be ei!r ,buff or ,c9namon4 ,! ,c9namon are ( two %ades1 ! ,light ,c9namon & ! ,silv]1 :i* is a pale wa%y t9t1 t looks v delicate & pretty :5 p]fectly clean4 ,silv] ,c9namon h5s %\ld n be p5n$ ) a pale ,yell[ cock1 b ) "o z ne> to _! own t9t z c be f\nd4 ,mr4 ,&rews's celebrat$ /ra9 ( ,co*9s sometimes produc$ bo? cocks & h5s :i* 7 ,silv] ,c9namon1 ) /reaks ( gold 9 ! hackle4 ,9 ,p>tridge birds ! cock's neck & saddle hackles %\ld be ( a bright r$1 /rip$ ) black1 8 back & w+s ( d>k r$1 ! latt] cross$ ) a well-def9$ b> ( metallic gre5i% black1 & ! brea/ & "u p>ts ( 8 body %\ld be black1 & n mottl$4 ,! h5's neck hackles %\ld be ( bright gold1 /rip$ ) black1 & all ! o!r portions ( h] body ( a light br[n1 p5cill$ ) v d>k br[n4 ,! ,gr\se are v d>k ,p>tridge1 h a v ri* appe>ance1 & are p>ticul>ly beautiful :5 lac$4 ,!y are f> f common1 & well wor? cultivat+4 ,! ,p>tridge are m moss$ 9 _! m>k+s1 & n s ri* 9 col\r z ! ,gr\se4 ,cuckoo ,co*9s are m>k$ l ! ,cuckoo ,dork+s1 & difficult to bre$ free ( yell[4 ,! ,:ite & ,black 7 introduc$ lat] ?an ! o!rs4 ,mr4 ,baily says ! ,:ite 7 pr9cipally br$ f a pair import$ & giv5 to ! ,dean ( ,worce/]1 & :i* aft]w>ds became ! prop]ty ( ,mrs4 ,h]b]t1 ( ,p[ick4 ,:ite ,co*9s = exhibition mu/ h yell[ legs1 & !y are prone to gre54 ,! orig9 ( ! ,black is disput$4 ,x is said to be a sport f ! ,:ite1 or to h be5 produc$ by a cross betwe5 ! ,buff & ! ,:ite4 ,by c>eful bre$+ x has be5 fix$ z a decid$ sub-v>iety1 b x is difficult1 if n almo/ impossible1 to re> a cock to complete maturity entirely free f col\r$ fea!rs4 ,!y keep p]fectly pure 9 col\r till six mon?s old1 aft] :i* age !y sometimes %[ a gold5 pat* or r$ fea!rs ^u ! w+1 or a few /reaks ( r$ ^u ! hackle1 ( s d>k a %ade z to be imp]ceptible except 9 a /rong light1 & are (t5 f\nd on close exam9ation to h :ite "u fea!rs1 & o!rs b>r$ ) :ite4 ,! legs 9 all ! col\rs %\ld be yell[4 ,fle%-col\r$ legs are admissible1 b gre51 black1 or :ite are defects4 ,9 ! ,p>tridge & ,gr\se a slight wa%1 z ( indigo1 appe>s to be ?r[n ov] !m1 :i* 9 ! ,black assumes a /ill d>k] %ade2 b 9 all ?ree yell[ %\ld appe> p>tially ev5 "h b5ea? ! scales1 z ! p9k t+e does 9 ! ,buff & ,:ite birds4 ,co*9-,*9as be+ mu* incl9$ to accumulate int]nal fat1 :i* frequ5tly results 9 apoplexy1 %\ld n be f$ on food ( a v fatt5+ "*1 su* z ,indian corn4 ,!y are liable to h inflam$ feet if !y are oblig$ to roo/ on v high1 small1 or %>p p]*es1 or all[$ to run ov] %>p-edg$ /ones4 ,!y are also subject to an affection call$ ,:ite ,comb1 :i* is a :ite m\ldy eruption on ! comb & wattles l p[d]$ *alk2 & if n prop]ly treat$ 9 "t1 w spread ov] ! :ole body1 caus+ ! fea!rs to fall (f4 ,x is caus$ by want ( cleanl9ess1 ov]-/imulat+ or bad food1 & mo/ frequ5tly by want ( gre5 food1 :i* mu/ be suppli$1 & ! place rubb$ ) an o9tm5t compos$ ( two p>ts ( cocoanut oil1 & "o ( turm]ic p[d]1 to :i* "s p]sons add "o half "p ( sulphur2 & six gra9s ( jalap may be giv5 to cle> ! b[els4 ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,,brahma-,,pootras4 ,x is a disput$ po9t among great au?orities :e!r ,brahmas =m a di/9ct v>iety1 or :e!r !y orig9at$ 9 a cross ) ! ,co*91 & h become e/abli%$ by c>eful bre$+4 ,:5 !y 7 fir/ introduc$1 ,mr4 ,baily consid]$ !m to be a di/9ct bre$1 & has s9ce se5 no?+ to alt] 8 op9ion4 ,_! nature & habits are q dissimil>1 = !y w&] f home & w get _! own liv+ :]e a ,co*9 w\ld />ve1 h m _s1 deep] brea/s1 are h>di]1 lay l>g] eggs1 are less prone to sit1 & nev] produce a clean-legg$ *ick54 ,:atev] _! orig91 by sl[ & sure degrees1 )\t any mania1 !y h become m & m popul>1 /&+ ^u _! own m]its1 & are n[ "o ( ! mo/ fav\rite v>ieties4 ,! wor/ accusation1 says ,miss ,watts1 _! enemies c advance aga9/ !m is1 t no "o kn[s _! orig92 b ?is is applicable to !m only z x is :5 appli$ to ,dork+s1 ,spani%1 ,pol&s1 & all ! o!r k9ds :i* h be5 br\ght to p]fection by c>eful bre$+1 work+ on good orig9als4 ,all we h 9 ,engl& are desc5d$ f f[ls import$ f ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & ! be/ acc\nt ( !m is1 t a sailor 7r vague1 c]ta9ly7 appe>$ 9 an ,am]ican t[n 7,bo/on or ,new ,york1 ,i =get :i*7 ) a new k9d ( f[l = sale1 & t a pair b\ght f him 7 ! p>5ts ( all ! ,brahmas4 ,unc]ta9 z ?is appe>s1 ! acc\nts ( ^? :o pret5d to trace _! orig9 z cross-br$ f[ls is1 at lea/1 equally s1 & ,i believe we may j act t[>ds ! ,brahmas z we d ) reg>d to ,dork+s & o!r good f[ls1 & be satisfi$ to possess a fir/-rate1 useful k9d1 al?\gh we may be unable to trace its g5ealogical tree back to ! root4 ,:atev] may be _! orig91 ,i f9d !m di/9ct 9 _! *>act]i/ics4 ,i h f\nd !m true to _! po9ts1 g5]ation aft] g5]ation1 9 all ! ye>s t ,i h kept !m4 ,! pea-comb is v peculi>1 & ,i h nev] _h "o *ick5 untrue 9 ?is among all t ,i h br$4 ,_! habits are v unlike ! ,co*9s4 ,al?\gh docile1 !y are mu* less in]t2 !y lay a l>g] numb] ( eggs1 & sit less frequ5tly4 ,_m ( my h5s only wi% to sit once a ye>2 a few (t5] ?an t1 p]haps twice or ev5 ?ree times 9 r>e in/ances1 b nev] at ! end ( ea* small bat* ( eggs1 z ,i f9d 7my almo/ equal fav\rites7 ! ,co*9s d4 ,! division ( ,light & ,d>k ,brahmas is a fancy ( ! judges1 :i* any "o :o keeps !m c hum\r ) a little c>e 9 bre$+4 ,my idea ( _! col\r is1 t x %\ld be black & grey 7iron grey1 ) m or less ( a blue t+e1 & devoid ( any br[n7 on a cle> :ite gr\nd1 & ,i d n c>e :e!r ! :ite or ! m>k+ pr$om9ates4 ,i believe bre$]s c\ld be> me out1 if !y w\ld1 :5 ,i say _m f[ls :i* pass mu/] z ,brahmas are ! result ( a cross1 employ$ to increase size & procure ! heavy col\r :i* "s ( ! judges affect4 ,= /r5g? ( con/itution1 bo? z *ick5s & f[ls1 !y surpass all o!r bre$s4 ,brahmas l an ext5sive range1 b be> conf9em5t z well z any f[ls1 & keep clean] 9 dirty or smoky places ?an any t h :ite fea!rs4 ,!y are capital =ag]s :]e !y h _! lib]ty1 are small] eat]s & less exp5sive to keep ?an ,co*9s1 & mo/ prolific 9 eggs4 ,!y lay regul>ly on an av]age five f9e l>ge eggs a week all ! ye> r\nd1 ev5 :5 sn[ is on ! gr\nd1 except :5 m\lt+ or t5d+ _! brood4 ,mr4 ,boyle1 ( ,bray1 ,irel&1 ! mo/ em95t bre$] ( ,d>k ,brahmas 9 ,great ,brita91 says he has repeat$ly kn[n pullets beg9 to lay 9 autumn1 & nev] /op--let x be hail1 ra91 sn[1 or /orm--= a s+le day till next spr+4 ,!y usually lay f ?irty to =ty eggs be=e !y seek to sit4 ,! h5s d n sit s (t5 z ,co*9s1 & a week's *ange ( place w g5]ally bani% ! desire4 ,!y put on fle% well1 ) pl5ty ( brea/-meat1 & are m juicy & bett] %ap$ = ! table ?an mo/ ,co*9s2 ?\gh1 aft] !y are six mon?s old1 ! fle% is mu* inf]ior to t ( ! ,dork+4 ,a cross ) a ,dork+ or ,creve-,coeur cock produces ! f9e/ possible table f[l1 c>ry+ almo/ incr$ible quantities ( meat ( excell5t quality4 ,! *ick5s are h>dy & easy to re>4 ,!y v>y 9 col\r :5 fir/ hat*$1 be+ all %ades ( br[n1 yell[1 & grey1 & are (t5 /reak$ on ! back & spott$ ab\t ! head2 b ?is v>iety gives place1 z ! fea!rs come1 to ! mixture ( black1 :ite1 & grey1 :i* =ms ! di/+ui%+ col\r ( ! ,brahma4 ,mr4 ,baily has hat*$ !m 9 sn[1 & re>$ !m all out ( doors )\t any o!r %elt] ?an a piece ( mat or c>pet ?r[n ov] ! coop at night4 ,!y rea* _! full size at an e>ly age1 & ! pullets are 9 _! prime at eight mon?s4 ,miss ,watts notic$ t ,brahmas are m clev] 9 ! treatm5t ( !mselves :5 !y are ill ?an o!r f[ls2 :5 !y get out ( ord]1 !y w g5]ally fa/ until eat+ is no long] injuri\s1 :i* peculi>ity is corroborat$ by ! exp]i5c$ ,h5wife4 ,! fea!rs ( ! ,brahma-,pootra are said to be ne>ly equal to goose fea!rs4 ,! head %\ld h a slight fulness ov] ! eye1 giv+ bread? to ! top2 a full1 pe>l eye is mu* admir$1 b f> f common2 comb ei!r a small s+le1 or pea-comb--! s+le resembl+ t ( ! ,co*92 ! neck %ort2 ! brea/ wide & full2 ! legs %ort1 yell[1 & well-fea!r$1 b n s fully z 9 ! f9e/ ,co*9s2 & ! tail %ort b full1 & 9 ! cock op5+ into a fan4 ,!y %\ld be wide & deep made1 l>ge & weighty1 & h a free1 noble c>riage1 equally di/9ct f ! waddle ( ! ,co*91 & ! erect be>+ ( ! ,malay4 ,unlike ! ,co*9s1 !y keep con/antly to _! col\r1 :i* is a mixture ( black1 :ite1 & grey2 ! lighte/ be+ almo/ :ite1 & ! d>ke/ consi/+ ( grey m>k+s on a :ite gr\nd4 ,! col\r is entirely a matt] ( ta/e1 b ! bottom col\r %\ld always be grey4 ,aft] bre$+ ,brahmas = _m ye>s1 says ,miss ,watts1 ?r\gh _m g5]ations & crosses 7always1 h[ev]1 keep+ to families import$ direct f ,am]ica71 we are q confirm$ 9 ! op9ion t ! pea-comb is ! comb = ! ,brahma2 & ?is seems n[ a settl$ "q1 = s+le-comb$ birds nev] take prizes :5 passable pea-comb$ birds are pres5t4 ,! lead+ *>act]i/ic ( ! peculi> comb1 nam$ by ! ,am]icans ! pea-comb1 is its triple "*4 ,x may be develop$ & sep>at$ almo/ l ?ree combs1 or ne>ly unit$ into "o2 b its triple =m is always evid5t4 ,:at we ?9k mo/ beautiful is1 :]e ! c5tre division is a little flut$1 slightly s]rat$1 & flank$ by two little side combs4 ,! degree ( ! division into ?ree v>ies1 & ! peculi>ities ( ! comb may be less p]ceptible 9 ,decemb] ?an :5 ! h5s are lay+2 b ! triple "* ( ! pea-comb is always evid5t4 ,x %[s itself 9 ! *ick at a few days old1 9 ?ree t9y p>allel$ l9es4 ,x is ?ick at ! base1 & l ?ree combs jo9$ into "o1 ! c5tre comb be+ high] ?an ! o!r1 b ! comb altoge!r mu/ be l[1 r\nd$ at ! top1 & ! ind5tations mu/ n be deep4 ,:e!r s+le or triple1 all ! combs 9 a p5 %\ld be uni=m4 ,! d>k & light v>ieties %\ld n be cross$1 z1 accord+ to ,mr4 ,teebay1 :o 0 =m]ly ! mo/ ext5sive & successful bre$] ( ,brahmas 9 ,engl&1 ! result is nev] satisfactory4 ,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,,malays4 ,?is 0 ! fir/ ( ! gigantic ,asiatic bre$s import$ into ?is c\ntry1 & 9 height & size exce$s any f[l yet kn[n4 ,! orig9 ( ! ,malay bre$ is suppos$ to be ! ,gallus giganteus ( ,temm9ck4 ,?is l>ge & v rem>kable species1 says ,mr4 ,w4 ,c4 ,l4 ,m>t91 is a native ( ,java & ,sumatra4 ,! comb is ?ick & l[1 & de/itute ( s]rations1 appe>+ z if x _h be5 p>tially cut (f2 ! wattles are small1 & ! ?roat is b>e4 ,! neck is cov]$ ) elongat$ fea!rs1 or hackles1 ( a pale gold5-r$di% col\r1 :i* advance ^u ! back1 & hackles ( ! same col\r cov] ! rump1 & drop on ea* side ( ! base ( ! tail4 ,! middle ( ! back & ! %\ld]s ( ! w+s are ( a d>k *e/nut1 ! fea!rs be+ ( a loose texture4 ,! great] w+-cov]ts are ( a glossy gre51 & =m a b> ( t col\r across ! w+4 ,! prim>y & second>y quill fea!rs are yell[i%1 ) a t+e ( ruf\s4 ,! tail fea!rs are ( a glossy gre54 ,! "u surface uni=mly is ( a glossy blacki% gre51 b ! base ( ea* fea!r is a *e/nut1 & ?is col\r appe>s on ! lea/ d]angem5t ( ! plumage4 ,! limbs are rem>kably /\t1 & ! robu/ t>si are ( a yell[ col\r4 ,! voice is a sort ( cr[--ho>se & %ort1 & v diff]5t f ! cle> notes ( defiance utt]$ by our f>my>d *anticle]4 ,?is species has ! habit1 :5 fatigu$1 ( re/+ on ! t>si or legs1 z we h se5 ! emu d "u simil> circum/ances4 ,9 ! ,proce$+s ( ! ,zoological ,society = #ahcb1 we f9d ! foll[+ notice respect+ ?is bre$1 by ,colonel ,sykes1 :o obs]v$ x dome/icat$ 9 ! ,deccan3 ,kn[n by ! "n ( ! ,kulm cock by ,europeans 9 ,india4 ,met ) only z a dome/ic bird2 & ,colonel ,sykes has reason to believe t x is n a native ( ,india1 b has be5 introduc$ by ! ,mussulmans f ,sumatra or ,java4 ,! iris ( ! real game bird %\ld be :iti% or /raw yell[4 ,colonel ,sykes l&$ two cocks & a h5 9 ,engl& 9 ,june1 #ahca4 ,!y bore ! w9t] well2 ! h5 laid freely1 & has re>$ two broods ( *ick5s4 ,! cock has n ! %rill cle> pipe ( ! dome/ic bird1 & 8 scale ( note appe>s m limit$4 ,a cock 9 ! possession ( ,colonel ,sykes /ood tw5ty-six in*es high to ! cr[n ( ! head2 b !y atta9 a great] height4 ,l5g? f ! tip ( ! bill to ! ins]tion ( ! tail1 tw5ty-?ree in*es4 ,h5 "o-?ird small] ?an ! male4 ,%aw v ju/ly describes ! habit ( ! cock1 ( re/+1 :5 tir$1 on ! fir/ jo9t ( ! leg4 ,x is a long1 l>ge1 heavy bird1 /&+ rem>kably upright1 hav+ an almo/ un9t]rupt$ slope f ! head to ! ins]tion ( ! tail2 ) v long1 ?\gh /rong1 yell[ legs1 q free f fea!rs2 long1 /\t1 firm ?ighs1 & /&s v erect2 ! cock1 :5 full gr[n1 be+ at lea/ two feet six in*es1 & sometimes ov] ?ree feet 9 height1 & weigh+ f eight to elev5 p\nds4 ,! head has great fulness ov] ! eye1 & is flatt5$ above1 resembl+ t ( ! snake4 ,! small1 ?ick1 h>d comb1 sc>cely ris+ f ! head1 & b>ely z long1 l half a /rawb]ry1 resembles t ( a ,game f[l dubb$4 ,! wattles are v small2 ! neck closely fea!r$1 & l a rope1 ) a space = an in* bel[ ! beak b>e ( fea!rs4 ,x has a h>d1 cruel expression ( face2 a brilliant bold eye1 pe>l$ ar\nd ! edge ( ! lids2 sk9ny r$ face2 v /rong curv$ yell[ beak2 & small1 droop+ tail1 ) v beautiful1 ?\gh %ort1 sickle fea!rs4 ,! h5 resembles ! cock ^u all ^! po9ts1 b is small]4 ,_! col\rs n[ comprise diff]5t %ades ( r$ & deep *e/nut1 9 comb9ation ) ri* br[ns1 & !re are also black & :ite v>ieties1 ea* ( :i* %\ld be uni=m4 ,! fea!rs %\ld be h>d & close1 :i* causes x to be heavi] ?an x appe>s4 ,malays are inf]ior to mo/ o!r bre$s z lay]s1 b ! pullets comm5ce lay+ e>ly1 & are (t5 good w9t] lay]s4 ,_! eggs1 :i* weigh ab\t #b-a_/b ounces ea*1 are ( a deep buff or pale *ocolate col\r1 surpass all o!rs 9 flav\r1 & are s ri* t two ( !m are consid]$ to be equal to ?ree ( ord9>y f[ls4 ,!y are ne>ly always f]tile4 ,_! *ief excell5ce is z table f[ls1 c>ry+1 z !y d1 a great quantity ( meat1 :i*1 :5 "u a ye> old1 is ( v good quality & flav\r4 ,cross$ ) ! ,spani% & ,dork+1 !y produce excell5t table f[ls2 ! latt] cross be+ also good lay]s4 ,malays are good sitt]s & mo!rs1 if !y h roomy ne/s4 ,_! *ick5s %\ld n be hat*$ aft] ,june1 z !y fea!r sl[ly1 & are delicate2 b ! adult birds are h>dy en\gh1 & seem especially adapt$ to cr[d$ localities1 su* z c\rts & alleys4 ,malays1 says ,mr4 ,baily1 w live any:]e2 !y w inhabit a back y>d ( small dim5sions2 !y w scrat* 9 ! du/-hole1 & roo/ "u ! wat]-butt2 & yet n only lay well1 b %[ 9 good condition :5 requisite4 ,l ! ,game f[l1 x is t]ribly pugnaci\s1 & 9 its native c\ntry is kept & tra9$ = fight+4 ,?is prop5sity1 :i* is /ill great] 9 conf9em5t1 is its greate/ disadvantage4 ,:5 closely conf9$ !y are apt to eat ea* o!r's fea!rs1 ! cure = :i* is turn+ !m into a grass run1 & giv+ !m a good supply ( lettuce leaves1 ) an occasional purgative ( six gra9s ( jalap4 ,! ,*ittagong is said to be a v>iety ( ! ,malay4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,,game4 ,?is is ! k9d expressly call$ ! ,engli% bre$ by ,buffon & ! ,fr5* writ]s1 & is ! noble/ & mo/ beautiful ( all bre$s1 comb9+ an admirable figure1 brilliant plumage1 & /ately gait4 ,x is mo/ probably d]iv$ f ! l>g] or cont95tal ,indian species ( ! ,javanese1 or ,bankiva ,jungle ,f[l--! ,gallus ,bankiva ( ,temm9ck--:i* is a di/9ct species1 di/+ui%$ *iefly f ! ,javanese f[l by its l>g] size4 7,see page #abd47 ,( ?is cont95tal species1 ,sir ,w4 ,j>d9e /ates t he has se5 ?ree or f\r specim5s1 all ( :i* came f ,india prop]4 ,! ,game cock is ! undisput$ k+ ( all p\ltry1 & is unsurpass$ = c\rage4 ,! ,malay is m cruel & f]oci\s1 b has less real c\rage4 ,game f[ls are 9 e respect fight+ birds1 &1 al?\gh cock-fight+ is n[ v prop]ly prohibit$ by law1 ,game f[ls are always judg$ ma9ly 9 ref]5ce to fight+ qualities4 ,b _! pugnaci\s disposition r5d]s !m v tr\blesome1 especially if !y h n ample range1 al?\gh x does n disqualify !m = small runs to ! ext5t g5]ally suppos$4 ,a bl[ ) 8 spur is dang]\s1 & in/ances h be5 record$ ( v sev]e injuries inflict$ ^u *ildr51 ev5 caus+ dea?4 ,an old newspap] /ates t ,mr4 ,johnson1 a f>m] 9 ! ,we/ ,rid+ ( ,york%ire1 :o has a fam\s bre$ ( ! ,game f[l1 has _h ! great mis=tune to lose 8 little son1 a boy ( ?ree ye>s old1 :o 0 attack$ by a ,game cock1 & s sev]ely injur$ t he di$ %ortly aft]w>ds4 ,high-br$ h5s are q z pugnaci\s z ! cocks4 ,! *ick5s are v qu>relsome1 & bo? cocks & h5s fight s furi\sly1 t frequ5tly "o-half ( a brood is de/roy$1 & ! o!r half h to be kill$4 ,game f[ls are h>dy :5 !y c h lib]ty1 b _c be well kept 9 a conf9$ space4 ,!y eat little1 & are excell5t = an unprotect$ place1 because by _! activity !y avoid dang] !mselves1 & by _! c\rage def5d _! *ick5s f enemies4 ,! h5 is a prolific lay]1 &1 if %e has a good run1 equal to any bre$4 ,! eggs1 ?\gh ( mod]ate size only1 are rem>kable = delicacy ( flav\r4 ,%e is an excell5t sitt]1 & /ill m excell5t "m4 ,! *ick5s are easily re>$1 require little food1 & are m robu/ 9 con/itution ?an almo/ any o!r v>iety4 ,! fle% ( ! ,game f[l is beautifully :ite1 & sup]ior to t ( all o!r bre$s = ri*ness & delicacy ( flav\r4 ,!y %\ld nev] be put up to fat1 z !y are impati5t ( conf9em5t4 ,!y are 9 no way fit = ! fatt5+-coop1 says ,mr4 ,baily4 ,!y _c be> ! extra food )\t excitem5t1 & t is n fav\rable to obesity4 ,nev]!less1 !y h _! m]its4 ,if !y are re>$ l pheasants r\nd a keep]'s h\se1 & all[$ to run semi-wild 9 ! woods1 to frequ5t sunny banks & dry dit*es1 !y w gr[ up l !m2 !y w h little fat1 b !y w be full ( meat4 ,!y mu/ be eat5 "y2 & a ,game pullet f\r or five mon?s old1 caught up wild 9 ?is way1 & kill$ two days be=e %e is eat51 is1 p]haps1 ! mo/ delici\s *ick5 !re is 9 po9t ( flav\r4 ,! ,game-f[l cont9ues to bre$ = _m ye>s )\t %[+ any signs ( decay1 & 9 ?is respect is sup]ior to ! ,co*91 ,brahma1 & ev5 to ! ,dork+4 ,! cock's head %\ld be long1 b f9e2 beak long1 curv$1 & /rong2 comb s+le1 small1 upright1 & bright r$2 wattles & face bright r$2 eyes l>ge & brilliant2 neck long1 ar*$1 & /rong2 brea/ well develop$2 back %ort & broad betwe5 ! %\ld]s1 b tap]+ to ! tail2 ?ighs muscul>1 b %ort comp>$ to ! %anks2 spur l[2 foot flat1 ) p[]ful claws1 & 8 c>riage erect4 ,! =m ( ! h5 %\ld resemble ! above on a small] scale1 ) small1 f9e comb & face1 & wattles ( a less int5se r$4 ,! fea!rs ( bo? %\ld be v h>d1 firm1 & close1 v /rong 9 ! quills1 & seem s unit$ t x %\ld be almo/ impossible to ruffle !m1 ea* fea!r if lift$ up fall+ readily into its orig9al place4 ,size is n a po9t ( m]it1 f f\r to six p\nds be+ consid]$ suffici5t1 & bett] ?an heavi] weights4 ,among ! li/ ( imp]fections 9 ,game cocks1 ,sket*ley enum]ates flat sides1 %ort legs1 ?9 ?ighs1 crook$ or ind5t$ brea/1 %ort ?9 neck1 imp]fect eye1 & duck or %ort feet4 ,x is ! cu/om1 says ,miss ,watts1 consequ5tly imp]ative1 t all birds :i* are exhibit$ %\ld h be5 dubb$1 & ?is %\ld n be done until ! comb is s mu* develop$ t x w n spr+ aga9 aft] ! dubb+4 ,?is w be safe if ! *ick5 is ne>ly six mon?s old1 b "s are m set ?an o!rs at a c]ta9 age4 ,a ke5 pair ( scissors is ! be/ in/rum5t ) :i* to op]ate4 ,hold ! f[l ) a firm h&1 cut away ! deaf e>s & wattles1 !n cut ! comb1 cutt+ a c]ta9 di/ance f ! back1 & !n f ! front to jo9 ?is cut1 tak+ especial c>e n to g too ne> ! skull4 ,"s op]ators put a f+] inside ! m\? to get a firm pur*ase4 ,we %\ld l to see dubb+ done away )1 leav+ ^! beautiful f[ls z nature makes !m2 b s9ce amateurs & %[s w n agree to ?is1 x is be/ to give directions = dubb+1 z an op]ation bungl+ly p]=m$ is sure to give unnecess>y pa94 ,to save ! bird f excessive loss ( blood 8 wattles are usually cut (f a week lat]4 ,e sup]flu\s piece ( fle% & sk9 %\ld be remov$4 ,! ,h5wife well says3 ,:y ^! poor birds are condemn$ to submit to ?is cruel op]ation is a my/]y1 unfa?omable1 ,i suspect1 ev5 by ! judges !mselves4 ,cock-fight+ be+ =bidd5 by law1 ! cocks %\ld1 on pr9ciple1 be left undubb$1 z a prote/ aga9/ ?is brutal amusem5t4 ,! comb ( ! ,game male bird is z beautifully =m$ z t ( ! ,dork+2 :y !n rob x ( ?is great ornam5t8 ,x is ass]t$ t x is necess>y to remove ! comb to prev5t ! cocks injur+ ea* o!r fatally 9 fight+2 b ?is is n true2 a ,dork+ w fight = ! *ampion%ip z ard5tly z any ,game bird1 & yet 8 comb is sp>$4 ,cock]els w n qu>rel if kept ap>t f h5s until ! bre$+ season1 :5 !y %\ld be sep>at$1 & put on _! sev]al walks4 ,if pugnaci\sly incl9$ ,i d n believe t ! abs5ce ( ! comb w save ! weak] oppon5t f de/ruction2 !re=e ,i raise my voice = pity1 9 fav\r ( ! beautiful ,game cock4 ,! col\rs are v>i\s1 & !y are class$ into num]\s v>ieties & sub-v>ieties1 ( :i* ! *ief are--,black-brea/$ ,r$2 ,br[n-,r$2 ,silv] ,duck-w+ ,greys1 s call$ f ! fea!rs resembl+ ^? ( a duck2 ,greys2 ,blues2 ,duns2 ,piles1 or ,pi$s2 ,black2 ,:ite2 & ,brassy-w+$1 :i* is ,black ) yell[ on ! less] w+ cov]ts4 ,col\rs & m>k+s mu/ be all[$ a some:at wide range 9 ?is bre$2 & figure1 ) c\rage1 may be held to prove purity ( blood ?\gh ! col\r be d\btful4 ,mr4 ,d\glas consid]s ! ,black-brea/$ ,r$ ! f9e/ fea!r$ ,game1 & /ates t he nev] f\nd any come s true to col\r z a brood ( t v>iety4 ,:ite 9 ! tail fea!rs is highly objectionable1 ?\gh n an absolute disqualification4 ,:ite f[ls %\ld be entirely :ite1 ) :ite legs4 ,! rules = ! col\r$ legs are v undecid$4 ,light legs mat* light-col\r$ birds be/4 ,no p>ticul> col\r is imp]ative1 b x %\ld h>monise ) ! plumage1 & all 9 a p5 mu/ agree4 ,! be/ lay]s are ! ,black-brea/$ ,r$s ) will[ legs1 & ! wor/ ! ,greys4 ,,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,,dork+s4 ,?is is "o ( ! f9e/ bre$s1 & especially ,engli%4 ,a pure ,dork+ is di/+ui%$ by an additional or fif? toe4 ,!re are sev]al v>ieties1 :i* are all compris$ 9 two di/9ct classes--! ,:ite & ! ,col\r$4 ,! rose-comb$ :ite bre$ is ! ,dork+ ( ! old fanci]s1 & mo/ probably ! orig9al bre$1 f :i* ! col\r$ v>ieties 7 produc$ by cross+ x ) ! old ,sussex1 or "s o!r l>ge col\r$ f[l4 ,t su* 0 ! case1 says ,mr4 ,wright1 is almo/ prov$ by ! fact t only a few ye>s ago no?+ 0 m unc]ta9 ?an ! appe>ance ( ! fif? toe 9 col\r$ *ick5s1 ev5 ( ! be/ /ra9s4 ,su* unc]ta9ty 9 any important po9t is always an indication ( mix$ blood2 & t x 0 s 9 ?is case is %[n by ! result ( long & c>eful bre$+1 :i* has n[ r5d]$ ! fif? toe p]man5t1 & f9ally e/abli%$ ! v>iety4 ,mr4 ,br5t says3 ,! old ,dork+1 ! pure ,dork+1 ! only ,dork+1 is ! ,:ite ,dork+4 ,x is ( good size1 compact & plump =m1 ) %ort neck1 %ort :ite legs1 five toes1 a full rose-comb1 a l>ge brea/1 & a plumage ( spotless :ite4 ,! practice ( cross+ ) a ,game cock 0 mu* 9 vogue ) ! old bre$]s1 to improve a worn-out /ock 7:i*1 h[ev]1 w\ld h be5 bett] accompli%$ by procur+ a fre% bird ( ! same k9d1 b n relat$74 ,?is cross %[s itself 9 s+le combs1 loss ( a claw1 or an occasional r$ fea!r1 b :at is /ill m objectionable1 9 pale-yell[ legs & a yell[ circle ab\t ! beak1 :i* also indicates a yell[i% sk94 ,^!1 !n1 are faults to be avoid$4 ,z reg>ds size1 ! ,:ite ,dork+ is g5]ally inf]ior to ! ,sussex f[l 7or 'col\r$ ,dork+'71 b 9 ?is respect x only requires att5tion & c>eful bre$+4 ,! pure ,:ite ,dork+ may truly be consid]$ z fancy /ock1 z well z useful1 because !y w bre$ true to _! po9ts2 b ! grey ,sussex1 ,surrey or ,col\r$ ,dork+1 (t5 sport4 ,to ! bre$]s & admir]s ( ! s-call$ ',col\r$ ,dork+s' ,i w\ld say1 cont9ue to improve ! f[l ( y\r *oice1 b let him be kn[n by 8 "r title2 d n support him on ano!r's fame1 nor yet d5y t ! rose-comb or fif? toe is ess5tial to a ,dork+1 because y\r fav\rites are n con/ant to ^? po9ts4 ,! abs5ce ( ! fif? claw to ! ,dork+ w\ld be a great defect1 b to ! ,sussex f[l 7errone\sly call$ a ',col\r$ ,dork+'7 x is my op9ion x w\ld be an improvem5t1 provid$ ! leg did n get long] ) ! loss4 ,! fif? toe %\ld n be excessively l>ge1 or too f> above ! ord9>y toe4 ,! ,:ite ,dork+ mu/ h ! plumage uni=mly :ite1 ?\gh 9 ! old] birds ! hackle & saddle may atta9 a light gold5 t9t4 ,! rose-comb is pref]able1 & ! beak & legs %\ld be light & cle>4 ,! ,col\r$ ,dork+ is n[ br$ to great size & beauty4 ,x is a l>ge1 plump1 compact1 squ>e-made bird1 ) %ort :ite legs1 & %\ld h a well-develop$ fif? toe4 ,! plumage is v v>i$1 & may h a wide range1 & might almo/ be t]m$ immat]ial1 provid$ a co>se mealy appe>ance be avoid$1 & ! p5 is well mat*$4 ,?is latitude 9 respect ( plumage is s g5]ally admitt$ t ! ass]tion y _c bre$ ,dork+s true to col\r1 has almo/ acquir$ ! au?ority ( a prov]b4 ,!y may be %[n ) ei!r rose or s+le combs1 b all ! birds 9 a p5 mu/ mat*4 ,! ,dork+ is ! p]fection ( a table bird1 comb9+ delicately-flav\r$ :ite fle%1 :i* is produc$ 9 greate/ quantity 9 ! *oice/ p>ts--! brea/1 m]ry-?\ght1 & w+s--equal di/ribution ( fat1 & symmetrical %ape4 ,mr4 ,baily pref]s ! ,speckl$ or ,grey to ! ,:ite1 z !y are l>g]1 h>di]1 & fatt5 m readily1 & al?\gh x may appe> anomal\s1 x is n less true t :ite-fea!r$ p\ltry has a t5d5cy to yell[ness 9 ! fle% & fat4 ,size is an important po9t 9 ,dork+s4 ,col\r$ prize birds weigh f sev5 to f\rte5 p\nds1 & eight mon?s' *ick5s six or sev5 p\nds4 ,! ,:ite ,dork+ is small]4 ,!y are n good lay]s1 except :5 v "y1 & are bad w9t] lay]s4 ,! eggs are l>ge1 av]ag+ #b-c_/d ounces1 pure :ite1 v mu* r\nd$1 & ne>ly equal 9 size at ea* end4 ,! h5 is an excell5t sitt] & "m4 ,! *ick5s are v delicate1 requir+ m c>e :5 "y ?an mo/ bre$s1 & none %[ a great] mortality1 no m ?an two-?irds ( a brood usually surviv+ ! f\r? week ( _! life4 ,!y %\ld n be hat*$ be=e ,m>*1 & mu/ be kept on gravel soil1 h>d clay1 or o!r equally dry gr\nd1 & nev] on brick1 /one1 or wood5 floor+4 ,?is bre$ w only ?rive on a dry soil4 ,!y are fond ( a wide range1 & _c be kept )9 a f5ce ( less ?an sev5 feet 9 height4 ,:5 all[$ unlimit$ range !y appe> to gr[ h>dy1 & are z easily re>$ z any o!r bre$ if n hat*$ too e>ly4 ,if kept 9 conf9em5t !y %\ld h fre% turf e day1 besides o!r vegetable food4 ,dork+s deg5]ate m ?an any bre$ by int]-bre$+1 & rapidly decrease 9 size4 ,dork+s are peculi>ly subject to a *ronic inflammation or abscess ( ! foot1 kn[n z bumble-foot1 :i* probably orig9at$ 9 heavy f[ls desc5d+ f high p]*es & walk+ ov] %>p /ones4 ,! additional toe may h r5d]$ !m m liable to ?is disease4 ,x may n[ arise f ! same cause1 & is be/ prev5t$ by us+ broad1 l[ p]*es1 & keep+ _! runs cle> ( %>p1 r\gh /ones1 b x also appe>s to h become h]$it>y 9 "s birds4 ,!re is no cure = x :5 matur$ except its removal1 & ?is op]ation fails (t5] ?an x succe$s2 b ,mr4 ,tegetmei] /ates1 t he has 9 e>ly cases remov$ ! corn-l or w>t-l tum\rs on ! ball ( ! foot ) :i* ! disease beg9s1 & caut]is$ ! "p ) nitrate ( silv] successfully4 ,illu/ration3 ,gold5-p5cill$ & ,silv]-spangl$ ,hamburgs4 ,black ,spani% ,,*apt] ,,xv4 ,,spani%4 ,?is spl5did bre$ 0 orig9ally import$ f ,spa91 & is *>act]is$ by its peculi> :ite face1 :i* 9 ! cock %\ld ext5d f ! comb d[nw>ds1 includ+ ! entire face1 & meet b5ea? 9 a :ite cravat1 hidd5 by ! wattles2 & 9 ! h5 %\ld be equally /rik+4 ,! plumage is p]fectly black1 ) brilliant metallic lu/re1 reflect+ ri* gre5 & purple t9ts4 ,! tail %\ld resemble a sickle 9 ! cock1 & be squ>e 9 ! h54 ,! comb %\ld be ( a bright r$1 l>ge1 & high1 upright 9 ! cock1 b p5d5t 9 ! h52 ! legs blue1 clean1 & long1 & ! be>+ pr\d & gallant4 ,) c>e !y w ?rive 9 a v small space1 & are p]haps bett] adapt$ = t[n ?an any o!r v>iety4 ,!y are tol]ably h>dy :5 gr[n1 b suff] mu* f cold & wet4 ,_! combs & wattles are liable to be injur$ by sev]e cold1 f :i* ^! f[ls %\ld be c>efully protect$4 ,if fro/-bitt51 ! p>ts %\ld be rubb$ ) sn[ or cold wat]1 & ! birds mu/ n be tak5 into a w>m room until recov]$4 ,! ,spani% are excell5t lay]s1 produc+ five or six eggs weekly f ,febru>y to ,augu/1 & two or ?ree weekly f ,novemb] to ,febru>y1 & also lay+ e>li] ?an any o!r bre$ except ! ,brahma1 ! pullets beg9n+ to lay be=e !y are six mon?s old4 ,al?\gh ! h5s are only ( an av]age size1 & b mod]ate eat]s1 _! eggs are l>g] ?an ^? ( any o!r bre$1 av]ag+ #c-a_/b ounces1 & "s weigh+ #d-a_/b ounces1 ea*4 ,! %ells are v ?9 & :ite1 & ! l>ge/ eggs are laid 9 ! spr+4 ,! fle% is excell5t1 b ! body is small comp>$ to t ( ! ,dork+4 ,!y v seldom %[ any incl9ation to sit1 & if !y hat* a brood are bad nurses4 ,! *ick5s are v delicate1 & are be/ hat*$ at ! end ( ,april & dur+ ,may4 ,!y d n fea!r till almo/ ?ree-p>ts gr[n1 & require a /eady "m t w keep ) !m till !y are safely fea!r$1 & !re=e ! eggs %\ld be set "u a ,dork+ h51 because t bre$ rema9s long] ) ! *icks ?an any o!r4 ,!y almo/ always h :ite fea!rs 9 ! flight ( ! w+s1 b ^! become black4 ,9 pur*as+ ,spani% f[ls1 says an excell5t au?ority1 blue legs1 ! entire abs5ce ( :ite or col\r$ fea!rs 9 ! plumage1 & a l>ge :ite face1 ) a v l>ge1 high comb1 :i* %\ld be erect 9 ! cock1 ?\gh p5d5t 9 ! h51 %\ld be insi/$ on4 ,legg9ess is a fault t bre$]s mu/ be c>eful to avoid4 ,! cock]els %[ ! :ite face e>li] ?an ! pullets1 & a blue1 %rivelly appe>ance 9 ! face ( ! *ick5s is a bett] sign ( future :it5ess ?an a r$ fle%9ess4 ,pullets are r>ely fully :ite-fac$ till above a ye> old4 ,! :ite face1 says an excell5t au?ority1 %\ld always ext5d well ar\nd ! eye1 & up to ! po9t ( junction ) ! comb1 ?\gh a l9e ( %ort black fea!rs is !re frequ5tly se5 to intrude its undesir$ pres5ce4 ,x is c]ta9ly objectionable1 & ! less ( x ! bett]2 b any attempt to remove or disguise ?is eyesore %\ld be foll[$ by imm$iate disqualification4 ,"s exhibitors ( ,spani% %ave ! d[n ( ! edges ( ! :ite-face1 9 ord] to make x smoo? & l>g]4 ,?is disgraceful practice is n all[$ at ! ,birm+ham ,%[4 ,"o te/ ( condition1 says ,mr4 ,baily1 m p>ticul>ly ( ! pullets1 is ! /ate ( ! comb1 :i* w be r$1 s(t1 & develop$1 j 9 proportion to ! condition ( ! bird4 ,:ile m\lt+--& !y are almo/ nak$ dur+ ?is process--! comb entirely %rivels up4 ,! ,:ite-fac$ ,,:ite ,,spani% is ?\ght to be m]ely a sport ( ! ,:ite-fac$ ,black ,spani%4 ,b1 :atev] _! orig9 may h be51 !y possess e indication ( common blood ) _! ,black relatives1 & _! claims to appe> by _! side 9 ! exhibition room are z good z ^? ( ! ,:ite ,co*9s & ! ,:ite ,poli%4 ,! plumage is uni=mly :ite1 b 9 all o!r respects !y resemble ! ,black bre$4 ,f ! abs5ce ( contra/ ( col\r %[n 9 ! face1 comb1 & plumage ( ! ,black ,spani%1 ! ,:ite v>iety is f> less /rik+ 9 appe>ance4 ,! ,,&alusian are s call$ f hav+ be5 br\ght f ! ,spani% prov9ce ( ,&alusia4 ,?is bre$ is ( a blui% grey1 sometimes slightly lac$ ) a d>k] %ade1 b hav+ ! neck hackles & tail fea!rs ( a glossy black1 ) r$ face & :ite e>s4 ,! *ick5s are v h>dy1 & fea!r well1 & e>li] ?an ! ,spani%4 ,! ,,m9orca is s call$ f hav+ be5 import$ f t isl&1 & is a l>g] & m compactly-=m$ bre$1 resembl+ ! ,spani% 9 its g5]al *>act]i/ics2 black1 ) metallic lu/re1 b ) r$ face1 & hav+ only ! e>-lobes :ite2 %[+ ev5 a l>g] comb1 & ) %ort] legs4 ,!y are bett] z table f[ls ?an ! ,spani%1 b ! ,&alusian are sup]ior to ei!r4 ,! ,m9orca is ! be/ lay] ( all ! ,spani% bre$s1 its *ick5s are tol]ably h>dy1 & x is altoge!r f> sup]ior to ! ,:ite-fac$ bre$4 ,,ancona is a prov9cial t]m appli$ to black & :ite mottl$1 or cuckoo1 :i* on all o!r po9ts resemble ,m9orcas1 b are small]4 ,! ,black ,rot1 to :i* ,spani% f[ls are subject1 is a black5+ ( ! comb1 swell+ ( ! legs & feet1 & g5]al wa/+ ( ! sy/em2 & c only be cur$ 9 ! e>li] /ages by frequ5t purg+s ) ca/or oil1 comb9$ ) w>m n\ri%+ food1 & /rong ale1 or o!r /imulants1 giv5 freely4 ,!y are also subject to a peculi> k9d ( swell$ face1 :i* fir/ appe>s l a small knob "u ! sk91 & increases till x has cov]$ "o side ( ! face4 ,x is consid]$ to be incurable4 ,,*apt] ,,xvi4 ,,hamburgs4 ,?is bre$ is m$ium-siz$1 & %\ld h a brilliant r$1 f9ely-s]rat$ rose-comb1 t]m9at+ 9 a spike at ! back1 tap] blue legs1 ample tail1 exact m>k+s1 a well-develop$ :ite deaf-e>1 & a quick1 spirit$ be>+4 ,!y are class$ 9 ?ree v>ieties1 ! ,p5cill$1 ,spangl$1 & ,black v>ieties1 ) ! sub-v>ieties ( ,gold & ,silv] 9 ! two =m]4 ,! ,p5cill$ ,hamburg is ( two gr\nd col\rs1 gold & silv]1 t is1 ( a br[n yell[ or :ite1 & v m9utely m>k$4 ,! h5s ( bo? col\rs %\ld h ! body cle>ly p5cill$ across ) sev]al b>s ( black4 ,! hackle 9 bo? sexes %\ld be free f d>k m>ks4 ,9 ! ,gold5-p5cill$ v>iety ! cock %\ld be ( "o uni=m r$ all ov] 8 body )\t any p5cill+ :atev]1 & 8 tail copp] col\r2 b _m fir/-class birds h pure black tails & ! sickle fea!rs %\ld be %ad$ ) a ri* bronze or copp]4 ,9 ! ,silv]-p5cill$ v>iety ! cock is (t5 ne>ly :ite1 ) yell[i% w+-cov]ts1 & a br[n or *e/nut pat* on ! flight fea!rs ( 8 w+4 ,! tail %\ld be black & ! sickle fea!rs t+$ ) a r$di% :ite4 ,! ,speckl$ or ,spangl$ ,hamburg1 also call$ ,pheasant ,f[l1 f ! false idea t ! pheasant 0 "o ( its p>5ts1 is ( two k9ds1 ! ,gold5-speckl$ & ,silv]-speckl$1 accord+ to _! gr\nd col\r1 ! m>k+ tak+ ! =m ( a spot ^u ea* fea!r4 ,!y h v full d\ble & firmly fix$ combs1 ! po9t at ! end turn+ upw>ds1 a d>k rim r\nd ! eyes1 blue legs1 & mix$ hackle4 ,!y 7 also call$ ,moss ,f[ls1 & ,mooneys1 ! latt] probably because ! end ( e fea!r %\ld h a black rim on ! yell[ or :ite gr\nd4 ,9 ! ,gold5-spangl$ "s judges pref] cocks ) a pure black brea/1 b o!rs desire !m spangl$4 ,"o *ief cause ( discussion1 says ,miss ,watts1 relat+ to ! ,hamburg1 reg>d$ ! m>k+s on ! cocks4 ,! ,york%ire bre$1 :i* _h be5 a fav\rite 9 t c\nty = _m ye>s1 produc$ h5ny cocks--i4e4 cocks ) plumage resembl+ t ( a h54 ,! fea!rs ( ! hackle 7 n n>r[ & elongat$ l ^? ( cocks g5]ally1 b 7 %ort & r\nd$ l ^? ( ! h52 ! saddle-fea!rs 7 ! same1 & ! tail1 in/ead ( be+ grac$ ) f9e fl[+ sickle fea!rs1 0 m]ely squ>e l t ( a h54 ,! ,lanca%ire ,mooneys1 on ! contr>y1 produce cocks ) z f9e fl[+ plumage z ne$ grace any *anticle] 9 ! l&1 & tails ) sickle-fea!rs tw5ty-two in*es long1 f9e fl[+ saddle-fea!rs1 & abundant hackle4 ,! h5-tail cocks _h ! m>k+s1 z well z ! =m1 ( ! h52 ! long fea!rs ( ! o!rs _c1 f _! =m1 h ^! m>k+s4 ,on ?is "q p>ty-_s ran high3 ,york & ,lanca/]1 ,cavali] & ,r\ndhead1 7 small discussions comp>$ ) x2 b ! h5-cocks 7 beat51 & we n[ seldom he> ( !m4 ,a mixture ( ! two bre$s has be5 tri$2 b by x valuable qualities & purity ( race h be5 sacrific$4 ,! ,black ,hamburg is ( a beautiful black ) a metallic lu/re1 & is a noble-look+ bird1 ! cocks (t5 weigh+ sev5 p\nds4 ,!re is little d\bt t x 0 produc$ by cross+ ) ! ,spani%1 :i* blood %[s itself 9 ! :ite face1 :i* is (t5 half app>5t1 & 9 ! d>k] legs4 ,b x is well e/abli%$ z a di/9ct v>iety1 & good birds bre$ true to col\r & po9ts4 ,! cocks' combs are l>g]1 & ! h5s' legs %ort]1 ?an ! o!r v>ieties4 ,bolton ,bays & ,greys1 ,*itteprats1 ,turki%1 & ,creoles or ,corals1 ,p5cill$ ,dut* f[ls1 & ,dut* e-day lay]s1 are b incorrect names = ! ,hamburgs1 ) :i* !y are id5tical4 ,! ,hamburgs d n atta9 to _! full beauty until ?ree ye>s old4 ,z a g5]al rule1 says ,mr4 ,baily1 no true br$ ,hamburg f[l has top-knot1 s+le comb1 :ite legs1 any approa* to fea!r on ! legs1 :ite tail1 or spott$ hackle4 ,! :ite e>-lobe be+ s *>act]i/ic a feature 9 all ! ,hamburgs1 becomes mo/ important 9 judg+ _! m]its4 ,weight is n consid]$1 b /ill ! ,p5cill$ cock %\ld n weigh less ?an f\r & a half p\nds1 nor ! h5 ?an ?ree & a half2 & ! ,spangl$ cock five p\nds & ! h5 f\r4 ,! ,hamburgs are mo/ prolific lay]s naturally1 )\t ov]-/imulat+ fe$+1 surpass+ all o!rs 9 ! numb] ( _! eggs1 & des]ve _! popul> "n ( ev]la/+ lay]s4 ,_! eggs are :ite1 & d n weigh m ?an #a-a_/b ounce to #a-c_/d ounce ea*2 & ! h5s are kn[n to av]age #bdj eggs ye>ly4 ,n be+ l>ge eat]s1 !y are v pr(itable f[ls to keep4 ,! eggs ( ! ,gold5-spangl$ are ! l>ge/1 & x is ! h>die/ v>iety1 b ! ,p5cill$ lay m4 ,! ,black v>iety produces l>ge eggs1 & lays a great] numb] ?an any kn[n bre$4 ,!y v seldom %[ any desire to sit except :5 !y h a free woodl& range1 = ev5 if free x mu/ be wild to induce any desire to p]petuate ! species1 & !y nev] sit if conf9$ to a y>d4 ,! *ick5s %\ld n be hat*$ e>li] ?an ,may1 b 9 ! ,s\? ( ,engl& !y w d v well if hat*$ by a ,co*9-,*9a h5 at ! beg9n+ ( ,m>*4 ,!y are small birds = table1 b ( excell5t quality4 ,hamburgs d n be> conf9em5t well1 & w n ?rive )\t a good run2 a grass field is ! be/4 ,be+ small & light1 ev5 a t5-feet f5ce w n keep !m )9 a small run4 ,!y may inde$ be kept 9 a %$1 b ! numb] mu/ be v few 9 proportion to its size1 & !y mu/ be kept dry & scrupul\sly clean4 ,!y are excell5t gu>ds 9 ! c\ntry1 = if di/urb$ 9 _! roo/+-place !y w make a great noise4 ,! bre$ has improv$ 9 ?is c\ntry1 & ,briti% br$ f[ls are mu* /rong] ?an ! import$ birds4 ,illu/ration3 ,:ite-cre/$ ,black4 ,gold5 & ,silv]-spangl$4 ,,poli%4 ,,*apt] ,,xvii4 ,,pol&s4 ,?is bre$ might ) good reason be divid$ into m families1 b x is usual to rank z ,pol&s all f[ls ) _! *ief di/+ui%+ *>act]i/ic1 a full1 l>ge1 r\nd1 compact tuft on ! head4 ,! bre$ is q unkn[n 9 ,pol&1 & takes its "n1 says ,mr4 ,dickson1 f "s resemblance hav+ be5 fanci$ betwe5 its tuft$ cre/ & ! squ>e-spread+ cr[n ( ! fea!r$ caps worn by ! ,poli% soldi]s4 ,x is mu* e/eem$ 9 ,egypt1 & equally abundant at ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope1 :]e _! legs are fea!r$4 ,"s travell]s ass]t t ! ,mexican p\ltry are cre/$1 & t :at are call$ ,pol& f[ls are natives ( ei!r ,mexico or ,s\? ,am]ica2 b o!rs believe t !y are natives ( ! ,ea/1 & t !y1 z well z all ! o!r f[ls on ! ,cont95t ( ,am]ica1 h be5 introduc$ f ! ,old ,_w4 ,! ,gold5-spangl$ & ,silv]-spangl$ are ! mo/ beautiful v>ieties1 ! fir/ be+ ( a gold col\r & ! second :ite1 bo? spangl$ ) black4 ,! m uni=m ! col\r ( ! tuft is ) t ( ! bird1 ! high] x is valu$4 ,! ,black ,pol& is ( a deep velvety black2 has a l>ge1 :ite1 r\nd tuft1 & %\ld n h a comb1 b _m h a little comb 9 ! =m ( two small po9ts be=e ! tuft4 ,! tuft to be p]fect %\ld be entirely :ite1 b x is r>e to meet ) "o )\t a slight bord]+ ( black1 or p>tly black1 fea!rs r\nd ! front4 ,!re are also ,yell[1 lac$ ) :ite1 ,buff or ,*amois1 spangl$ ) :ite1 ,blue1 ,grey1 ,black1 & ,:ite mottl$4 ,all ! sub-v>ieties %\ld be ( m$ium size1 neat compact =m1 plump1 full-brea/$1 & h lead-col\r$ legs & ample tails4 ,! top-knot ( ! cock %\ld be compos$ ( /raight fea!rs1 gr[+ f ! c5tre ( ! cr[n1 & fall+ ov] outside1 b n s mu* z to int]cept ! sight1 & =m a circul> cre/4 ,t ( ! h5 %\ld be =m$ ( fea!rs gr[+ out & turn+ 9 at ! extremity1 s z to resemble a caulifl[]1 & x %\ld be ev51 firm1 & z ne>ly r\nd z possible4 ,l>ge1 unev5 top-knots compos$ ( loose fea!rs d n equal small] b firm & well-%ap$ cre/s4 ,! :ite e>-lobe is ess5tial 9 all ! v>ieties4 ,be>ds 9 ,pol&s 7 =m]ly n admir$4 ,among ! e>ly birds br\ght f ! cont95t1 n "o 9 a hundr$ 0 be>d$1 & ^? t 7 s 7 (t5 reject$1 & x 0 a "q ( dispute :e!r ! pure bird %\ld h !m or n4 ,be>d$ birds at %[s 7 ! exceptions1 b an unbe>d$ p5 ( ,pol&s is n[ seldom or ev] se54 ,!re 0 =m]ly a bre$ ( ,:ite1 ) black top-knots1 b t is lo/1 al?\gh x seems to h be5 n only ! mo/ ornam5tal1 b ! l>ge/ & mo/ valuable ( all ! ,poli% v>ieties4 ,! la/ specim5 kn[n 0 se5 by ,mr4 ,br5t at ,/4 ,om] 9 #ahed1 & x is possible t ! bre$ may /ill exi/ 9 ,france or ,irel&4 ,! ,,s]ai ,,ta-,,ook1 or ,,f[l ,,( ,,! ,,sultan1 is ! late/ ,poli% f[l introduc$ into ?is c\ntry4 ,!y 7 import$ 9 #ahed by ,miss ,watts1 :o says3 ,) reg>d to ! "n1 ,s]ai is ! "n ( ! ,sultan's palace2 ,tae-ook is ,turki% = f[l2 ! simple/ translation ( ?is is1 ,sultan's f[ls1 or f[ls ( ! ,sultan2 a "n :i* has ! d\ble advantage ( be+ ! ne>e/ to be f\nd to t by :i* !y h be5 kn[n 9 _! own c\ntry1 & ( designat+ ! c\ntry f :i* !y came4 ,9 g5]al habits !y are brisk & happy-temp]$1 b n kept 9 z easily z ,co*9-,*9as4 ,!y are v good lay]s2 _! eggs are l>ge & :ite2 !y are non-sitt]s1 & small eat]s4 ,a grass run ) !m w rema9 gre5 long aft] ! crop w\ld h be5 cle>$ by ei!r ,brahmas or ,co*9s1 & ) scatt]$ food !y soon become satisfi$ & walk away4 ,!y are ! size ( our ,engli% ,pol& f[ls4 ,_! plumage is :ite & fl[+2 !y h a full-siz$ compact ,pol& tuft on ! head1 are muff$1 h a good fl[+ tail1 %ort well-fea!r$ legs1 & five toes ^u ea* foot4 ,! comb is m]ely two little po9ts1 & ! wattles v small4 ,we h nev] se5 f[ls m fully decorat$--full tail1 abundant furni%+1 9 hackle almo/ t\*+ ! gr\nd1 boots1 vulture-hocks1 be>ds1 :isk]s1 & full r\nd ,pol& cre/s4 ,_! col\r is pure :ite4 ,!y are prolific lay]s dur+ spr+ & summ]4 ,_! eggs are :ite1 & weigh f #b ounces to #b-a_/d ounces ea*1 ! ,spangl$ v>ieties produc+ ! l>ge/4 ,!y r>ely sit1 & g5]ally leave _! eggs aft] five or six days1 & are n good mo!rs4 ,! *ick5s require great c>e = six weeks4 ,!y %\ld nev] be hat*$ by heavy h5s1 z ! prom95ce 9 ! skull :i* supports ! top-knot is nev] completely cov]$ ) bone1 & v s5sible to injury4 ,l ! ,game bre$ !y improve 9 fea!r = sev]al ye>s4 ,pol&s nev] ?rive on a wet or cold soil1 & are m affect$ by bad wea!r ?an any o!r bre$2 ! top-knots be+ v liable to be saturat$ ) wet4 ,!y are easily fatt5$1 & _! fle% is :ite1 juicy1 & ri*-flav\r$1 b !y are n suffici5tly l>ge = ! m>ket4 ,mr4 ,hewitt cautions bre$]s aga9/ attempt+ to seize birds sudd5ly1 z ! cre/ obscures _! sight1 &1 be+ tak5 by surprise1 !y are frequ5tly s fright5$ z to die 9 ! h&4 ,!y %\ld1 !re=e1 always be spok5 to1 or _! att5tion o!rwise attract$ be=e be+ t\*$4 ,,*apt] ,,xviii4 ,bantams4 ,( ?is bre$ "o k9d is ,game1 & resembles ! ,game f[l1 except 9 size2 ano!r is fea!r$ to ! v toes1 ! fea!rs on ! t>si1 or beam ( ! leg1 be+ long & /iff1 & (t5 bru%+ ! gr\nd4 ,!y are peculi>ly fancy f[ls4 ,!re are sev]al v>ieties1 ! ,:ite1 ,black1 ,nank91 ,p>tridge1 ,boot$ or ,fea!r-legg$1 ,game1 & ! ,gold5-lac$ & ,silv]-lac$1 or ,sebright ,bantam4 ,all %\ld be v small1 v>y+ f f\rte5 to tw5ty ounces 9 ! h51 & f sixte5 to tw5ty-f\r 9 ! cock4 ,! head %\ld be n>r[2 beak curv$2 =ehead r\nd$2 eyes bright2 back %ort2 body r\nd & full2 brea/ v prom95t2 legs %ort & clean1 except 9 ! ,boot$ v>iety2 w+s depress$2 & ! c>riage unusually erect1 ! back ( ! neck & ! tail fea!rs almo/ t\*+2 & ! :ole be>+ graceful1 bold1 & pr\d4 ,illu/ration3 ,black4 ,sebright's ,gold & ,silv]-lac$4 ,:ite4 ,game4 ,,bantams4 ,! ,javanese jungle-f[l 7,gallus ,bankiva71 says ,mr4 ,w4 ,c4 ,l4 ,m>t91 ! ,ayam-utan ( ! ,malays1 is a native ( ,java2 b ei!r a v>iety or a di/9ct species ( l>g] size1 yet v simil> 9 col\r+1 is f\nd 9 cont95tal ,india4 ,! ,javanese1 or ,bankiva jungle-f[l1 is ab\t ! size ( an ord9>y ,bantam1 & 9 plumage resembles ! black-brea/$ r$ ,game-bird ( our c\ntry1 )1 a /eel-blue m>k across ! w+s4 ,! comb is high1 its edge is deeply s]rat$1 & ! wattles are r l>ge4 ,! hackle fea!rs ( ! neck & rump are long & ( a glossy gold5 orange2 ! %\ld]s are *e/nut r$1 ! great] w+-cov]ts deep /eel-blue1 ! quill fea!rs br[ni% black1 edg$ ) pale1 r$di% yell[1 or s&y r$4 ,! tail is ( a black col\r1 ) metallic reflections ( gre5 & blue4 ,! "u p>ts are black ! nak$ space r\nd ! eyes1 ! comb1 & wattles are sc>let4 ,! h5 closely resembles a br[n h5 ( ! ,game bre$1 except 9 be+ v mu* small]4 ,t ?is bird1 or its cont95tal ally1 is "o ( ! s\rces--p]haps ! ma9 s\rce--( our dome/ic race1 _c be d\bt$4 ,x int]-bre$s freely ) our common p\ltry1 & ! prog5y is f]tile4 ,mo/ beautiful cross-bre$s betwe5 ! ,bankiva jungle-f[l & ,bantam may be se5 9 ! g>d5s ( ! ,zoological ,society4 ,t ! ,bankiva jungle-f[l ( ,java1 or its l>g] cont95tal v>iety1 if x be n a di/9ct species 7& ( :i* ,sir ,w4 ,j>d9e /ates t he has se5 sev]al specim5s71 is "o ( ! s\rces ( our dome/ic bre$s1 _c1 we ?9k1 be = a mom5t d\bt$4 ,x w\ld be difficult to discov] any diff]5ce betwe5 a clean-limb$1 black-brea/$ r$ ,bantam-cock1 & a cock ,bankiva jungle-f[l4 ,inde$1 ! v t]m ,bantam goes f> to prove _! specific id5tity4 ,bantam is a t[n or city at ! bottom ( a bay on ! nor!rn coa/ ( ,java2 x 0 fir/ visit$ by ! ,portuguese 9 #aeaa1 at :i* "t a great trade 0 c>ri$ on by ! t[n ) ,arabia1 ,h9do/an1 & ,*9a1 *iefly 9 pepp]4 ,subsequ5tly x fell into ! h&s ( ! ,dut*1 & 0 at "o "t ! great r5dezv\s = ,european %ipp+4 ,x is n[ a place ( comp>ative insignificance4 ,f ?is x w\ld seem t ! jungle-f[ls dome/icat$ & sold to ! ,europeans at ,bantam cont9u$ to be designat$ by ! "n ( ! place :]e !y 7 obta9$1 & 9 process ( "t ! "n 0 appropriat$ to all our dw>fi% bre$s4 ,game ,bantams are exact m9iatures ( real ,game f[ls1 9 ,black-brea/$ r$1 ,duck-w+1 & o!r v>ieties4 ,! cocks mu/ n h ! /rut ( ! ,bantam1 b ! bold1 m>tial be>+ ( ! ,game cock4 ,_! w+s %\ld be c>ri$ closely1 & _! fea!rs be h>d & close4 ,! ,duck-w+ cock's l[] w+-cov]ts %\ld be m>k$ ) blue1 =m+ a b> across ea* w+4 ,! ,,sebright1 or ,,gold ,,& ,,silv]-,,lac$ ,,bantam1 is a bre$ ) clean legs1 & ( mo/ elegantly spangl$ plumage1 :i* 0 br$ & has be5 br\ght to great p]fection by ,sir ,john ,sebright1 aft] :om !y are nam$4 ,! attitude ( ! cock is s+ul>ly bold & pr\d1 ! head be+ (t5 ?r[n s mu* back z to meet ! tail fea!rs1 :i* are simple l ^? ( a h51 ! ord9>y sickle-l fea!rs be+ abbreviat$ & broad4 ,! ,gold-lac$ ,sebright ,bantams %\ld h gold5 br[ni%-yell[ plumage1 ea* fea!r be+ bord]$ ) a lac+ ( black2 ! tail squ>e l t ( ! h51 )\t sickle fea!rs1 & c>ri$ well ov] ! back1 ea* fea!r be+ tipp$ ) black1 a rose-comb po9t$ at ! back1 ! w+s droop+ to ! gr\nd1 nei!r saddle nor neck hackles1 clean lead-col\r$ legs & feet1 & :ite e>-lobes2 & ! h5 %\ld correspond exactly ) him1 b be mu* small]4 ,! ,silv]-lac$ birds h exactly ! same po9ts except 9 ! gr\nd fea!r+1 :i* %\ld be silv]y1 & ! ne>] ! %ade approa*es to :ite ! m beautiful w be ! bird4 ,_! c>riage %\ld resemble t ( a good ,fantail pigeon4 ,! ,,black ,,bantams %\ld be uni=m 9 col\r1 ) well-develop$ :ite e>-lobes1 rose-combs1 full hackles1 sickl$ & fl[+ tail1 & deep slate-col\r$ legs4 ,! ,,:ite ,,bantams %\ld h :ite legs & beak4 ,bo? %\ld be ( t9y size4 ,! ,,nank91 or ,,common ,,yell[ ,,bantam1 is probably ! ne>e/ approa* to ! orig9al type ( ! family--! ,bankiva f[l4 ,! cock has a l>ge proportion ( r$ & d>k *e/nut on ! body1 ) a full black tail2 :ile ! h5 is a pale orange yell[1 ) a tail tipp$ ) black1 & ! hackle lightly p5cill$ ) ! same col\r1 & clean legs4 ,combs v>y1 b ! rose is decid$ly pref]able4 ,true-br$ specim5s ( ^! birds be+ by no means common1 consid]able deviations f ! above description may consequ5tly be expect$ 9 birds pass+ "u ?is appellation4 ,! ,,boot$ ,,bantams h _! legs plum$ to ! toes1 n on "o side only l ,co*9-,*9as1 b completely on bo?1 ) /iff1 long fea!rs1 :i* bru% ! gr\nd4 ,! mo/ beautiful specim5s are ( a pure :ite4 ,fea!r$-legg$ ,bantams1 says ,mr4 ,baily1 may be ( any col\r2 ! old-fa%ion$ birds 7 v small1 falcon-hock$1 & fea!r$1 ) long quill fea!rs to ! extremity ( ! toe4 ,_m ( !m 7 be>d$4 ,!y are n[ v sc>ce2 inde$1 till exhibitions br\ght !m aga9 into notice1 ^! beautiful specim5s ( _! tribe 7 all neglect$ & fa/ pass+ away4 ,no?+ b ! ,sebright 0 cultivat$2 b n[ we bid fair to revive ! pets ( our ance/ors 9 all _! beauty4 ,! ,,pek91 or ,,co*9 ,,bantams1 7 tak5 f ! ,summ] ,palace at ,pek9 dur+ ! ,*9ese w>1 & br\ght to ?is c\ntry4 ,!y exactly resemble ! ,buff ,co*9s 9 all respects except size4 ,!y are v tame4 ,! ,,japanese ,,bantam is a rec5t importation1 & diff]s f mo/ ( ! o!r v>ieties 9 hav+ a v l>ge s+le comb4 ,x has v %ort well-fea!r$ legs1 & ! col\r v>ies4 ,"s are q :ite1 "s h pure :ite bodies1 ) glossy1 jet-black tails1 o!rs are mottl$ & buff4 ,!y ?r[ ! tail up & ! head back till !y ne>ly meet1 z 9 ! ,fantail$ pigeon4 ,!y are said to be ! con/ant companions ( man 9 _! native c\ntry1 & h a droll & good-natur$ expression4 ,all ! ,bantam cocks are v pugnaci\s1 & ?\gh ! h5s are good mo!rs to _! own *ick5s1 !y w attack any /rang] ) fury4 ,!y are good lay]s ( small b exquisitely-flav\r$ eggs4 ,b no bre$ produces s great a proportion ( unf]tile eggs4 ,june is ! be/ mon? = hat*+1 z ! *ick5s are delicate4 ,!y fea!r m quickly ?an mo/ bre$s1 & are apt to die at t p]iod ?r\gh ! great dra9 ^u ! sy/em 9 produc+ fea!rs4 ,:5 fully fea!r$ !y are q h>dy4 ,! h5s are excell5t mo!rs4 ,! *ick5s require a little m animal food ?an o!r f[ls1 & extra att5tion = a week or two 9 keep+ !m dry4 ,bantams are v useful 9 a g>d51 eat+ _m slugs & insects1 & do+ little damage4 ,,*apt] ,,xix4 ,,fr5* ,,& ,,v>i\s4 ,! ,fr5* bre$s are rem>kable = great weight & excell5t quality ( fle%1 ) a v small proportion ( bones & (fal2 _! bre$]s hav+ paid great att5tion to ^? important1 sub/antial1 & comm]cial po9ts in/ead ( devot+ almo/ exclusive att5tion to col\r & o!r fancy po9ts z we h done4 ,z a rule !y are all non-sitt]s1 or sit b r>ely4 ,illu/ration3 ,h\dans4 ,la ,fle*e1 cock4 ,creve-,coeur1 h54 ,,fr5*4 ,! ,,creve-,,coeur has be5 kn[n ! longe/ & mo/ g5]ally4 ,?is bre$ is said to d]ive its "n f a village s call$ 9 ,norm&y1 :5ce its orig9 c be di/9ctly trac$2 b o!rs fancifully say1 f ! resemblance ( its peculi> comb to a brok5 he>t4 ,x is sc>ce1 & pure-br$ birds are difficult to procure4 ,! ,creve-,coeur is a f9e l>ge bird1 black 9 plumage1 or ne>ly s1 ) %ort1 clean black legs1 squ>e body1 deep *e/1 & a l>ge & extraord9>y cre/ or comb1 :i* is ?us describ$ by ,m4 ,jacque3 ,v>i\s1 b always =m+ two horns1 sometimes p>allel1 /raight1 & fle%y2 sometimes jo9$ at ! base1 slightly not*$1 po9t$1 & sep>at+ at _! extremities2 sometimes add+ to ?is latt] description int]ior ramifications l ! horns ( a "y /ag4 ,! comb1 %ap$ l horns1 gives ! ,creve-,coeur ! appe>ance ( a devil4 ,x is be>d$1 & has a top-knot or cre/ beh9d ! comb4 ,!y are v quiet1 walk sl[ly1 scrat* b little1 d n fly1 are v tame1 ramble b little1 & pref] seek+ _! food on ! dunghill 9 ! p\ltry-y>d to w&]+ af> (f4 ,!y are ! mo/ cont5t$ ( all bre$s 9 conf9em5t1 & w ?rive 9 a limit$ space4 ,!y are tame1 tractable f[ls1 b incl9$ to r\p & simil> diseases 9 our climate1 & !re=e prosp] mo/ on a dry1 light soil1 & c sc>cely h too mu* sun4 ,!y are excell5t lay]s ( v l>ge :ite eggs4 ,! *ick5s gr[ s fa/1 & are s incl9$ to fatt51 t !y may be put up at f t5 to twelve weeks ( age1 & well fatt5$ 9 fifte5 days4 ,! ,creve-,coeur is a spl5did table bird1 bo? = ! quantity & quality ( its fle%4 ,! h5 is heavy 9 proportion to ! cock1 weigh+ eight & a half p\nds aga9/ 8 n9e & a half1 & ! pullets always outweigh ! cock]els4 ,,la ,,fle*e is ?us describ$ by ,m4 ,jacque3 ,a /rong1 firm body1 well plac$ on its legs1 & long muscul> feet1 appe>+ less ?an x really is1 because ! fea!rs are close2 e muscul> "p well develop$2 black plumage4 ,! ,la ,fle*e is ! talle/ ( all ,fr5* cocks2 x has _m po9ts ( resemblance ) ! ,spani%1 f :i* ,i believe x to be desc5d$ by cross+ ) ! ,creve-,coeur4 ,o!rs believe t x is connect$ ) ! ,br$a1 :i* x does1 9 fact1 resemble1 9 "s p>ticul>s4 ,x has :ite1 loose1 & transp>5t sk92 %ort1 juicy1 & delicate fle%1 :i* puts on fat easily4 ,! comb is transv]sal1 d\ble1 =m+ two horns b5d+ =w>d1 unit$ at _! base1 divid$ at _! summits1 sometimes ev5 & po9t$1 sometimes hav+ ramifications on ! inn] sides4 ,a little d\ble 'combl+' protrudes f ! upp] "p ( ! no/rils1 & al?\gh h>dly z l>ge z a pea1 ?is combl+1 :i* surm\nts ! sort ( ris+ =m$ by ! protrusion ( ! no/rils1 contributes to ! s+ul> aspect ( ! head4 ,?is measur$ prom95ce ( ! comb seems to add to ! *>act]i/ic depression ( ! beak1 & gives ! bird a lik5ess to a rh9oc]os4 ,! plumage is jet black1 ) a v ri* metallic lu/re2 l>ge e>-lobe ( pure :ite2 bright r$ face1 unusually free f fea!rs2 & bright lead-col\r$ legs1 ) h>d1 firm scales4 ,!y are v h&some1 %[y1 l>ge1 & lively birds1 m incl9$ to w&] ?an ! ,creve-,coeur1 & h>di] :5 full gr[n2 b _! *ick5s are ev5 m delicate 9 wet wea!r1 & %\ld n be hat*$ be=e ,may4 ,!y are easily re>$1 & gr[ quickly4 ,!y are excell5t lay]s ( v l>ge :ite eggs1 b d n lay well 9 w9t]1 unless "u v fav\rable circum/ances1 & resemble ! ,spani% 9 ! size & numb] ( _! eggs1 & ! "t & duration ( lay+4 ,_! fle% is excell5t1 juicy1 & resembles t ( ! ,game f[l1 & ! sk9 :ite & transp>5t1 b ! legs are d>k4 ,?is bre$ is l>g] & has m /yle ?an ! ,creve-,coeur1 & is bett] adapt$ to our climate2 b ! f[ls lack con/itution1 p>ticul>ly ! cocks1 & are v liable to leg weakness & disease ( ! knee-jo9t1 & :5 !y get out ( condition seldom recov]4 ,!y are f\nd 9 ! nor? ( ,france1 b are n common ev5 !re4 ,! ,,h\dan has ! size1 deep compact body1 %ort legs1 & fif? toe ( ! ,dork+4 ,!y are g5]ally :ite1 "s hav+ black spots z l>ge z a %ill+1 are be>d$1 & %\ld h good top-knots ( black & :ite fea!rs1 fall+ backw>ds l a l>k's cre/2 & ! rem>kable comb is ?us describ$ by ,m4 ,jacque3 ,triple1 transv]sal 9 ! direction ( ! beak1 compos$ ( two flatt5$ spikes1 ( long & rectangul> =m1 op5+ f "r to left1 l two leaves ( a book2 ?ick1 fle%y1 & v>iegat$ at ! edges4 ,a ?ird spike gr[s betwe5 ^! two1 hav+ some:at ! %ape ( an irregul> /rawb]ry1 & ! size ( a long nut4 ,ano!r1 q deta*$ f ! o!rs1 ab\t ! size ( a pea1 %\ld %[ betwe5 ! no/rils1 above ! beak4 ,mr4 ,f4 ,h4 ,s*ro$]1 ( ! ,national ,p\ltry ,company1 consid]$ t ?is surpass$ all ! ,fr5* bre$s1 comb9+ ! size1 %ape1 & quality ( fle% ( ! ,dork+ ) e>li] maturity2 prolific lay+ ( good-siz$ eggs1 :i* are ne>ly always f]tile1 & on ?is po9t ! opposite ( ! ,dork+2 & e>ly & rapid fea!r+ 9 ! *ick5s1 :i* are1 not)/&+1 h>di] ?an any bre$s except ! ,co*9 & ,brahma4 ,!y are v h>dy1 nev] sick1 & w ?rive 9 a small space4 ,!y are small] ?an ! ,creve-,coeur or ,la ,fle*e1 b well %ap$ & plump2 & = comb9+ size & quality ( fle% ) quantity & size ( eggs no?+ c surpass !m4 ,,scot* ,,dumpies1 ,,g ,,laighs1 ,,bakies1 or ,,creep]s1 are almo/ ext9ct2 b !y are pr(itable f[ls1 & ought to be m common1 z !y are v h>dy1 productive lay]s ( f9e l>ge eggs1 & _! fle% is :ite & ( excell5t quality4 ,!y %\ld h l>ge1 heavy bodies2 %ort1 :ite1 clean legs1 n above an in* & a half or two in*es 9 l5g?4 ,! plumage is a mixture ( black or br[n1 & :ite4 ,!y are good lay]s ( f9e l>ge eggs4 ,!y _c be surpass$ z sitt]s & mo!rs1 & are mu* valu$ by gamekeep]s = hat*+ ! eggs ( pheasants4 ,! cocks %\ld weigh six or sev5 & ! h5 five or six p\nds4 ,! ,,silky f[l is s call$ f its plumage1 :i* is sn[y :ite1 be+ all discompos$ & loose1 & ( a silky appe>ance1 resembl+ spun glass4 ,! comb & wattles are purple2 ! bones & ! p]io/eum1 or membrane cov]+ ! bones1 black1 & ! sk9 blue or purple2 b ! fle%1 h[ev]1 is :ite & t5d]1 & sup]ior to t ( mo/ bre$s4 ,x is a good lay] ( small1 r\nd1 & excell5t eggs4 ,! cock g5]ally weighs less ?an ?ree1 & ! h5 less ?an two1 p\nds4 ,x comes f ,japan & ,*9a1 & g5]ally ?rives 9 our climate4 ,! *ick5s are easily re>$ if n hat*$ be=e ,april nor lat] ?an ,june4 ,!y are capital fo/] mo!rs = p>tridges1 & o!r small & t5d] game4 ,! ,,rumpk91 or ,,rumpless f[l1 a ,p]sian bre$1 n only lacks ! tail-fea!rs b ! tail itself4 ,x is h>dy1 ( mod]ate size1 & v>ies 9 col\r1 b is g5]ally black or br[n1 & f ! abs5ce ( tail appe>s r\nd] ?an o!r f[ls4 ,! h5s are good lay]s1 b ! eggs are (t5 unf]tile4 ,!y are good sitt]s & mo!rs1 & ! fle% is ( fair quality4 ,! ,,friesl&1 s nam$ f conf\nd+ ! t]m frizzl$ ) ,friesl&1 is rem>kable f hav+ all ! fea!rs1 except ^? ( ! w+s & tail1 frizzl$1 or curl$ up ! wrong way4 ,x is small1 v delicate1 & a %[] dr5*es x to ! sk94 ,,b>n-,,door f[l are a mongrel race1 comp\nd$ by *ance1 usually ( ! ,game1 ,dork+1 & ,poli% bre$s4 ,,*apt] ,,xx4 ,,turkeys4 ,turkeys are n consid]$ pr(itable except on light1 dry soils1 :i* is said to be ! cause ( _! success 9 ,norfolk4 ,!y prosp]1 h[ev]1 9 ,irel&2 b al?\gh ! air !re is moi/1 ! soil is dry1 except 9 ! boggy di/ricts4 ,miss ,watts believes t any place 9 :i* turkeys are prop]ly re>$ & f$ may compete ) ,norfolk4 ,v f9e birds may be se5 9 ,surrey1 & o!r places ne> ,london4 ,! g5]al op9ion ( ! be/ judges is1 t !y c b>ely be made to repay ! co/ ( _! food1 :i* is d\btless ow+ to ! usual great mortality among ! *icks1 :i* loss outbalances all pr(it2 b o!rs make !m yield a fair pr(it1 simply because1 f good situation & judici\s managem5t1 !y re> all1 or ne>ly all1 ! *icks4 ,a s+le brood may be re>$ ) ease on a small f>m or private e/abli%m5t )\t mu* extra exp5se1 :]e suffici5t att5tion c be devot$ to !m2 b to make !m pr(itable !y %\ld be br$ on a l>ge scale1 & receive exclusive att5tion4 ,!y %\ld h a l>ge %$ or h\se1 ) a bo>d$ floor1 to !mselves4 ,illu/ration3 ,turkey & ,gu9ea-f[ls4 ,turkeys mu/ h space1 = !y are birds ( rambl+ habits1 & only fitt$ = ! f>my>d1 or ext5sive runs1 delight+ to w&] 9 ! fields 9 que/ ( insects1 on :i*1 ) gre5 h]bage1 b]ries1 bee*-ma/1 & v>i\s se$s1 !y gre$ily fe$4 ,! troop w ramble ab\t all day1 return+ to roo/ 9 ! ev5+1 :5 !y %\ld h a good supply ( gra92 & ano!r %\ld be giv5 9 ! morn+1 :i* w n only induce !m to return home regul>ly e night1 b keep !m 9 good /ore condition1 s t !y c at any "t be spe$ily fatt5$4 ,peas1 vet*es1 t>es1 & mo/ sorts ( pulse1 are almo/ poison\s to !m4 ,_! fe$+-place mu/ be sep>ate f ! o!r p\ltry1 or !y w gobble up m ?an _! %>e4 ,turkeys w r>ely roo/ 9 a f[l-h\se1 & %\ld h a v high op5 %$1 ! p]*es be+ plac$ z high z possible4 ,!y are extremely h>dy1 roo/+1 if all[$1 on ! highe/ trees 9 ! sev]e/ wea!r4 ,b ?is %\ld be prev5t$1 z _! feet are apt to become fro/-bitt5 9 sev]e wea!r4 ,! *ick5s are z delicate4 ,wet is fatal to !m1 & ! v slighte/ %[] ev5 9 w>m wea!r w frequ5tly de/roy half a brood4 ,! bre$+ birds %\ld be c>efully select$1 any mal=mation almo/ inv>iably prov+ itself h]$it>y4 ,! cock is at maturity :5 a ye> old1 b n 9 8 prime till he has atta9$ 8 ?ird ye>1 & is ent]+ ^u 8 f\r?1 & he cont9ues 9 vig\r = ?ree or f\r ye>s m4 ,he %\ld be vigor\s1 broad-brea/$1 clean-legg$1 ) ample w+s1 well-develop$ tail1 bright eyes1 & ! c>unculat$ sk9 ( ! neck full & rapid 9 its *anges ( col\r4 ,! l>ge/ possible h5 %\ld be *os51 ! size ( ! brood dep5d+ f> m ^u ! female ?an ! male4 ,"o visit to ! male is suffici5t to r5d] all ! eggs f]tile1 & ! numb] ( h5s may be unlimit$1 b to obta9 f9e birds1 twelve or fifte5 h5s to "o cock is ! be/ proportion4 ,! h5 bre$s 9 ! spr+ foll[+ t 9 :i* %e 0 hat*$1 b is n 9 h] prime till two or ?ree ye>s old1 & cont9ues = two or ?ree ye>s 9 full vig\r4 ,! h5 g5]ally comm5ces lay+ ab\t ! middle ( ,m>*1 b sometimes e>li]4 ,:5 f h] utt]+ a peculi> cry & pry+ ab\t 9 que/ ( a secret spot = sitt+1 x is evid5t t %e is ready to lay1 %e %\ld be conf9$ 9 ! %$1 b>n1 or o!r place :]e ! ne/ has be5 prep>$ = h]1 & let out :5 %e has laid an egg4 ,! ne/ %\ld be made ( /raw & dri$ leaves1 9 a l>ge wick] basket1 9 a quiet seclud$ place1 & an egg or ne/-egg ( *alk %\ld be plac$ 9 x to induce h] to adopt x4 ,turkeys l to *oose _! own lay+-places1 & keep to !m ?\gh _! eggs are remov$ daily1 provid$ a ne/-egg is left !re4 ,!y w w&] to a di/ance 9 se>* ( a seclud$ spot = lay+1 & pay _! visits to ! ne/ s clev]ly t sometimes !y keep x a secret & hat* a brood !re1 :i*1 h[ev]1 does n g5]ally prove a /rong or l>ge "o z 9 ! case ( ord9>y f[ls4 ,:5 a h5 has *os5 a safe1 quiet1 & %elt]$ place = h] ne/1 x is be/ to give h] m eggs :5 %e %[s a desire to sit1 & let h] /ay !re4 ,! h5 g5]ally lays f fifte5 to tw5ty eggs1 sometimes few] & (t5 _m m4 ,z soon z sev5 are produc$1 !y %\ld be plac$ "u a good common h51 a ,co*9 is ! be/1 & ! rema9d] c be put "u h] :5 %e wants to sit4 ,! be/ hat*+ p]iod is f ! end ( ,m>* to ,may1 & none %\ld be hat*$ lat] ?an ,june4 ,! broody h5s may be plac$ on _! eggs 9 any quiet place1 z !y are pati5t1 con/ant sitt]s1 & w n leave _! eggs :]ev] !y may be put4 ,a h5 may be all[$ f n9e to fifte5 eggs1 accord+ to h] size4 ,dur+ ! "t ! h5 is sitt+ %e requires con/ant att5tion4 ,%e mu/ occasionally be tak5 (f ! ne/ to fe$1 & regul>ly suppli$ ) fre% wat]2 o!rwise %e w cont9ue to sit )\t leav+ = food1 till completely exhau/$4 ,9 g5]al1 d n let ! cock g ne> ! sitt+ h51 or he w de/roy ! eggs or *icks2 b "s behave well1 & may be left at l>ge ) safety4 ,%e %\ld n be di/urb$ or visit$ by any "o b ! p]son %e is accu/om$ to be f$ by1 & ! eggs %\ld n be t\*$ unnecess>ily4 ,! *ick5s break ! %ell f ! tw5ty-six? to ! tw5ty-n9? day1 b sometimes z late z ! ?irty-fir/4 ,let !m rema9 9 ! ne/ = tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 b remove ! %ells1 & next morn+ place ! h5 "u a roomy coop or crate1 on bo>ds1 9 a w>m ou?\se4 ,keep h] & h] brood coop$ up = two mon?s1 mov+ ! coop e f9e day into a dry grass field1 b keep !m 9 an ou?\se 9 cold or wet wea!r4 ,! *icks hav+ a great t5d5cy to di>rhoea1 ! v be/ food = ! fir/ week is h>d-boil$ eggs1 *opp$ small1 mix$ ) m9c$ d&elion1 & :5 t _c be _h1 ) boil$ nettles4 ,!y may !n h boil$ egg1 bread-crumbs1 & b>ley-meal = a =tnight1 :5 ! egg may be replac$ by boil$ potato1 & small gra9 may soon be add$4 ,d n =ce !m to eat1 b give !m a little food on ! tip ( y\r f+]1 & !y w soon le>n to pick x out ( ! tr\gh4 ,a little hempse$1 suet1 onion-tops1 gre5 mu/>d1 & nettle-tops1 *opp$ v f9e1 %\ld be mix$ ) _! food4 ,curds are excell5t food1 & easily prep>$ by mix+ p[d]$ alum ) milk slightly w>m$1 9 ! proportion ( "o teaspoonful ( alum to f\r qu>ts ( milk1 &1 :5 curdl$1 sep>at+ ! curds f ! :ey4 ,!y %\ld be squeez$ v dry1 & mu/ always be giv5 9 a s(t /ate4 ,wat] %\ld be giv5 b sp>+ly1 & nev] all[$ to /& by !m1 b :5 !y h _h suffici5t x %\ld be tak5 or ?r[n away4 ,! wat] mu/ be put 9 pans s contriv$ or plac$ t !y _c wet !mselves4 7,see page #ch47 ,fre% milk is apt to disagree ) ! "y *icks1 & is n necess>y4 ,if a *ick %[s weakness1 or has tak5 cold1 give x "s c>raway se$s4 ,9 _! wild /ate ! turkey re>s only "o brood 9 a season1 & x is n advisable to induce ! dome/icat$ bird by any exp$i5ts to hat* a second1 = x w\ld be n only detrim5tal to h]1 b ! brood w\ld be hat*$ late 9 ! season1 & v difficult to re>1 :ile ^? re>$ w\ld n be /rong1 heal?y birds4 ,! coop %\ld be l t us$ = common f[ls1 b two feet broad1 & high]1 be+ ab\t ?ree feet high 9 front & "o foot at ! back2 ?is great] slant ( ! ro( be+ made 9 ord] to conf9e h] movem5ts1 z o!rwise %e w\ld move ab\t too mu*1 & trample ^u h] brood4 ,:5 !y h gr[n l>g] !y mu/ h a l>g] coop1 made ( op5 b>s wide en\gh ap>t = !m to g 9 & out1 b too close to let 9 f[ls to eat _! delicate food1 & ! h5 mu/ be plac$ "u x ) !m4 ,a l>ge empty crate1 su* z is us$ to conta9 crock]y-w>e1 w make a good coop = l>ge p\lts2 b if "o _c be _h1 a coop may be made ( la?s or rails1 ) ! b>s f\r in*es ap>t2 x %\ld be ab\t five feet long1 f\r feet broad1 & ?ree feet high4 ,keep h] coop$ = two mon?s1 mov+ ! coop e f9e1 dry day into a grass field1 b on cold or wet days keep !m 9 ! ou?\se4 ,if %e is all[$ h] lib]ty be=e !y are well gr[n & /rong1 %e w w&] away ) !m ?r\gh ! long grass1 h$ges1 & dit*es1 ov] highway1 common1 & mead[1 mile aft] mile1 los+ !m on ! road1 & /ray+ on ) ! greate/ complac5cy1 & p]fectly satisfi$ s long z %e has "o or two foll[+ h]1 & nev] once turn+ h] head to see h[ h] pant+ *icks are gett+ on1 nor tr\bl$ :5 !y squat d[n tir$ out1 & implore h] pla9tively to come back2 & all ?is arises f %e] he$lessness1 & n f want ( affection1 = %e w fight = h] brood z valiantly z any pheasant w = h]s4 ,:5 full gr[n !y %\ld nev] be all[$ to roam ) h] :ile !re is heavy dew or :ite fro/ on ! grass1 b be kept 9 till ! fields & h$g][s are dry4 ,!y w pick up _m se$s & insects :ile w&]+ ab\t 9 ! fields ) h]1 b mu/ be f$ by h& ?ree or f\r times a day at regul> int]vals4 ,!y cease to be *icks or *ick5s1 & are call$ turkey-p\lts :5 ! male & female di/9ctive *>act]i/ics are fairly e/abli%$1 ! c>unculat$ sk9 & comb ( ! cock be+ develop$1 :i* is call$ %oot+ ! r$1 or putt+ out ! r$1 & beg9s :5 !y are eight or t5 weeks old4 ,x is ! mo/ critical p]iod ( _! lives--mu* m s ?an m\lt+1 & dur+ ! process _! food mu/ be increas$ 9 quantity1 & made m n\ri%+ by ! addition ( boil$ egg-yolks1 bread crumbl$ 9 ale1 :eat5 fl\r1 bruis$ hempse$1 & ! l1 & !y mu/ be well h\s$ at night4 ,:5 ?is process is complet$ !y w be h>dy1 & able to take c>e ( !mselves2 b till !y are fully fl$g$ x w be advisable to keep !m f ra9 & cold1 & n to try _! h>dness too sudd5ly4 ,vegetables1 z *opp$ nettles1 turnip-tops1 cabbage spr\ts1 onions1 docks1 & ! l1 boil$ d[n & well mix$ ) b>ley-meal1 oatmeal1 or :eat5 fl\r1 & curds1 if !y c be af=d$1 =m excell5t food = ! "y p\lts2 also /eam$ potatoes1 boil$ c>rots1 turnips1 & ! l4 ,) ?is diet may be giv5 buck:eat1 b>ley1 oats1 beans1 & sunfl[] se$s4 ,:5 !y are old en\gh to be s5t to ! /ubble & fields1 !y are plac$ 9 *>ge ( a boy or girl ( f twelve to fifte5 ye>s old1 :o c easily manage "o hundr$ p\lts4 ,!y are driv5 ) a long bean /ick1 & ! duties ( ! turkey-h]d is to keep ! cocks f fight+1 to lead !m to e place :]e !re are acorns1 bee*-ma/1 corn1 wild fruit1 insects1 or o!r food to be pick$ up4 ,he mu/ n all[ !m to get fatigu$ ) too long rambles1 z !y are n fully gr[n1 & mu/ %elt] !m f ! burn+ sun1 & ha/5 !m home on ! approa* ( ra94 ,! be/ times = ^! rambles are f eight to t5 9 ! morn+1 :5 ! dew is (f ! grass1 & f f\r till sev5 9 ! ev5+1 be=e x beg9s to fall4 ,turkeys are cramm$ = ! ,london m>kets4 ,! process ( fatt5+ may comm5ce :5 !y are six mon?s old1 z !y require a long] "t to become fit = ! m>ket ?an f[ls4 ,! l>ge birds :i* are se5 at ,*ri/mas are usually males ( ! prec$+ ye>1 & ab\t tw5ty mon?s old4 ,all exp]i5c$ bre$]s repudiate cramm+4 ,to obta9 f9e birds ! *ick5s mu/ be f$ abundantly f _! bir? until !y are s5t to m>ket1 & :ile !y are be+ fatt5$ !y %\ld be s5t to ! fields & /ubble = a %ort] "t daily1 & _! food mu/ be increas$ 9 quantity & improv$ 9 quality4 ,e>ly hat*$1 well f$ "y ,norfolk cocks w frequ5tly weigh tw5ty-?ree p\nds by ,*ri/mas ( ! same ye>1 & two-ye>-old birds w sometimes atta9 to tw5ty p\nds4 ,:5 two or m ye>s old !y are call$ /ags4 ,! dome/icat$ turkey c sc>cely be said to be divid$ into di/9ct bre$s l ! common f[l1 ! sev]al v>ieties be+ di/+ui%$ by col\r only1 b id5tical 9 _! =m & habits4 ,!y v>y consid]ably 9 col\r--"s be+ ( a bronz$ black1 o!rs ( a copp]y t9t1 ( a delicate fawn col\r1 or buff1 & "s ( pure :ite4 ,! d>k col\r$ birds are g5]ally consid]$ ! mo/ h>dy1 & are usually ! l>ge/4 ,! *ief v>ieties are ! ,cambridge1 ,norfolk1 ,iri%1 ,am]ican1 & ,fr5*4 ,! ,cambridge comb9es enorm\s size1 a t5d5cy to fatt5 spe$ily1 & fir/-rate flav\r4 ,! tortoise%ell "* ( its plumage gives ! adult birds a v prepossess+ appe>ance ar\nd ! home/ead1 & a /rik+ "* 9 ! exhibition room4 ,! col\rs may v>y f pale to d>k grey1 ) a deep metallic br[n t9t1 & light legs4 ,! legs %\ld be /\t & long4 ,! ,norfolk bre$ is m compact & small]-bon$1 & produces a l>ge quantity ( meat ( delicate :it5ess & excell5t quality4 ,! cocks are almo/ z heavy z ! ,cambridge bre$1 b ! h5s are small] & m compact4 ,! ,norfolk %\ld be jet1 n blue black1 & free f any o!r col\r1 be+ uni=m ?r\gh\t1 includ+ ! legs & feet4 ,all ! birds 9 a p5 mu/ be uni=m4 ,! ,am]ican wild turkey has become naturalis$ 9 ?is c\ntry1 b be+ ( a v w&]+ disposition is be/ adapt$ to be kept 9 p>ks & on l>ge tracts ( wild l&4 ,x is sl5d] 9 %ape1 b ( good size1 ) uni=m metallic bronze plumage1 ! flight fea!rs be+ b>r$ ) :ite1 & ! tail alt]nately ) :ite1 ri* d>k br[n1 & black1 & ) bright p9k legs4 ,! wattles are small] ?an 9 ! o!r bre$s1 & ( a blui% t+e4 ,!y are v h>dy1 b m spiteful ?an o!rs1 & are said to be also m prolific4 ,crosses (t5 take place 9 ,am]ica betwe5 ! wild & tame races1 & are highly valu$ bo? = _! appe>ance & = ! table4 ,eggs ( ! wild turkey h also (t5 be5 tak5 f _! ne/s1 & hat*$ "u ! dome/icat$ h54 ,! flav\r ( ! fle% ( ! ,am]ican bre$ is peculi> & exce$+ly good1 b !y d n atta9 a l>ge size4 ,,*apt] ,,xxi4 ,,gu9ea-,,f[ls4 ,! ,gu9ea-f[l1 ,gall9a1 or ,p9tado 7,numida ,meleagris71 is ! true meleagris ( ! anci5ts1 a t]m g5]ically appli$ by ,belon1 ,aldrov&us1 & ,gesn] to ! turkey1 & n[ reta9$1 al?\gh ! error is ackn[l$g$1 9 ord] to prev5t confusion4 ,x is a native ( ,africa1 :]e x is ext5sively di/ribut$4 ,!y associate 9 l>ge flocks & frequ5t op5 glades1 ! bord]s ( =e/s1 & banks ( riv]s1 :i* (f] abundant supplies ( gra91 b]ries1 & insects1 9 que/ ( :i* !y w&] dur+ ! day1 & collect toge!r at ev5+1 & roo/ 9 clu/]s on ! bran*es ( trees or %rubs4 ,sev]al o!r wild species are kn[n1 "s ( :i* are rem>kable = _! beauty2 b ! common ,gu9ea-f[l is ! only "o dome/icat$ 9 ,europe4 ,! ,gu9ea-f[l is ab\t tw5ty-two in*es long1 & f /&+ high on its legs1 & hav+ loose1 full plumage1 appe>s to be l>g] ?an x really is1 = :5 pluck$ x does n weigh m ?an an ord9>y ,dork+4 ,x is v plump & well-proportion$4 ,! ,gu9ea-f[l is n br$ s mu* z ! turkey 9 ,engl& or ,france1 is v r>e 9 ! nor!rn p>ts ( ,europe1 & 9 ,india is br$ almo/ exclusively by ,europeans1 al?\gh x ?rives z well !re z 9 its native c\ntry4 ,x is turbul5t & re/less1 says ,mr4 ,dickson1 cont9ually mov+ f place to place1 & dom9e]+ ov] ! :ole p\ltry-y>d1 boldly attack+ ev5 ! fi]ce/ turkey cock1 & keep+ all 9 al>m by its petulant pugnacity2 & ! males1 al?\gh )\t spurs1 c inflict s]i\s injury on o!r p\ltry ) _! %ort1 h>d beaks4 ,! ,gu9ea-f[ls make v little use ( _! w+s1 & if =c$ to take to flight1 fly b a %ort di/ance1 !n alight1 & tru/ to _! rapid mode ( runn+1 & _! dext]ity 9 ?read+ ! mazes ( bru%wood & d5se h]bage1 = security4 ,!y are %y1 w>y1 & al]t4 ,x is n mu* kept1 its habits be+ w&]+1 & requir+ an ext5sive range1 b z x picks up ne>ly all its food1 & is v prolific1 x may be made v pr(itable 9 c]ta9 localities4 ,! :ole managem5t ( bo? ! "y & ! old may be precisely ! same z t ( turkeys1 9 hat*+1 fe$+1 & fatt5+4 ,?is species1 says ,mr4 ,dickson1 diff]s f all o!r p\ltry1 9 its be+ difficult to di/+ui% ! cock f ! h51 ! *ief diff]5ce be+ 9 ! col\r ( ! wattles1 :i* are m ( a r$ hue 9 ! cock1 & m t+$ ) blue 9 ! h54 ,! cock has also a m /ately /rut4 ,!y mate 9 pairs1 & !re=e an equal numb] ( cocks & h5s mu/ be kept1 or ! eggs w prove unf]tile4 ,to obta9 /ock1 "s ( _! eggs mu/ be procur$1 & plac$ "u a common h52 = if old birds are b\ght1 !y w w&] away = miles 9 se>* ( _! old home1 & nev] return4 ,!y %\ld be f$ regul>ly1 & mu/ always h "o meal at night1 or !y w sc>cely ev] roo/ at home4 ,!y w n sleep 9 ! f[l-h\se1 b pref] roo/+ 9 ! l[] bran*es ( a tree1 or on a ?ick bu%1 & retire e>ly4 ,!y make a peculi>1 h>%1 qu]ul\s noise1 :i* is (t-repeat$1 & n agreeable4 ,! h5s are prolific lay]s1 beg9n+ 9 ,may1 & cont9u+ dur+ ! :ole summ]4 ,_! eggs are small1 b ( excell5t flav\r1 ( a pale yell[i% r$1 f9ely dott$ ) a d>k] t9t1 & rem>kable = ! h>dness ( ! %ell4 ,! h5 usually lays on a dry bank1 9 secret places2 & a h$g][ a qu>t] ( a mile (f is q z likely to conta9 h] ne/ z any situation ne>] h] home4 ,%e is v %y1 &1 if ! eggs are tak5 f h] ne/1 w des]t x1 & f9d ano!r2 a few %\ld1 !re=e1 always be left1 & x %\ld nev] be visit$ :5 %e is 9 sight4 ,b %e (t5 contrives to elude all wat*+1 & hat* a brood1 frequ5tly at a late p]iod1 :5 ! wea!r is too cold = ! *ick5s4 ,z ! ,gu9ea-f[l seldom %[s mu* disposition to incubate if kept "u re/ra9t1 & frequ5tly sits too late 9 ! season to re> a brood 9 ?is c\ntry1 x is a g5]al practice to place h] eggs "u a common f[l--,game & ,bantams are ! be/ = ! purpose4 ,ab\t tw5ty ( ! e>lie/ eggs %\ld be set 9 ,may4 ,! ,gu9ea-h5 w hat* ano!r brood :5 %e feels incl9$4 ,!y sit = tw5ty-six to tw5ty-n9e or ?irty days4 ,:5 %e sits 9 due season %e g5]ally re>s a l>ge brood1 tw5ty n be+ an unusual numb]4 ,! *ick5s are v t5d]1 & %\ld n be hat*$ too e>ly 9 spr+1 z a cold ,m>* w9d is g5]ally fatal to !m4 ,!y mu/ be treat$ l ^? ( ! turkey1 & z c>efully4 ,!y %\ld be f$ almo/ imm$iately1 )9 six h\rs ( be+ hat*$1 abundantly1 & (t52 & !y require m animal food ?an o!r *ick5s4 ,egg boil$ h>d1 *opp$ v f9e1 & mix$ ) oatmeal1 is ! be/ food4 ,!y w die if kept )\t food = ?ree or f\r h\rs2 & %\ld h a con/ant supply ne> !m until !y are all[$ to h full lib]ty & =age = !mselves4 ,!y w soon pick up insects1 c41 & w keep !mselves 9 good condition ) a little extra food4 ,!y are v /rong on _! legs1 & ^? hat*$ "u common h5s may be all[$ to range ) h] at ! end ( six weeks1 & be f$ on ! same food & at ! same times z o!r *ick5s4 ,! ,gu9ea-f[l may be consid]$ z some:at int]m$iate betwe5 ! pheasant & turkey4 ,aft] ! pheasant season1 "y birds t h be5 hat*$ ! same ye> are excell5t sub/itutes = t f9e game1 & fet* a fair price4 ,!y %\ld nev] be fatt5$1 b h a good supply ( gra9 & meal = a week or two be=e be+ kill$4 ,! fle% ( ! "y bird is v delicate1 juicy1 & well-flav\r$1 b ! old birds1 ev5 ( ! second ye>1 are dry1 t\gh1 & ta/eless4 ,,*apt] ,,xxii4 ,,ducks4 ,ducks w n pay if all _! food has to be b\ght1 except x is pur*as$ :olesale1 & !y are re>$ = t[n m>kets1 = _! appetites are voraci\s1 & !y d n graze l geese4 ,!y may be kept 9 a limit$ space1 b m pr(itably & conv5i5tly :]e !y h ! run ( a paddock1 or*>d1 kit*5 g>d51 flat common1 gre5 lane1 or f>my>d1 ) dit*es & wat]4 ,!y w return at night1 & come to ! call ( ! fe$]4 ,no?+ comes amiss to !m--gre5 vegetables1 especially :5 boil$1 all k9ds ( meal made into porridge1 all k9ds ( gra91 bread1 oatcake1 ! refuse & (fal ( ! kit*51 worms1 slugs1 snails1 insects & _! l>vae1 are dev\r$ eag]ly4 ,:]e _m f[ls are kept1 a few ducks may be add$ pr(itably1 = !y may be f$ v ne>ly on :at ! h5s refuse4 ,ducks require wat] to swim 91 b x is a mi/ake1 says ,mr4 ,baily1 to imag9e t ducks require a great deal ( wat]4 ,!y may be kept :]e !re is b v little1 & only want a pond or tank j deep en\gh to swim 94 ,! e>ly ,aylesbury duckl+s t realise su* l>ge prices 9 ! ,london m>ket h h>dly ev] _h a swim2 & 9 re>+ ducks1 :]e size is a desid]atum1 !y w gr[ fa/] & become l>g] :5 kept 9 p5s1 f>my>ds1 or 9 pa/ures1 ?an :]e !y are at & 9 ! wat] all day4 ,:]e a l>ge numb] ( geese & ducks are kept1 wat] on a suffici5t scale1 & easily accessible1 %\ld be 9 ! neighb\rhood4 ,illu/ration3 ,t\l\se ,goose4 ,r\5 & ,aylesbury ,ducks4 ,ducks1 be+ aquatic birds1 d n require heat$ ap>tm5ts1 nor roo/s on :i* to p]* dur+ ! night4 ,!y squat on ! floors1 :i* mu/ be dry & w>m4 ,!y %\ld1 if possible1 be kept 9 a h\se sep>ate f ! o!r p\ltry1 & x %\ld h a brick floor1 s t x c be easily wa%$4 ,9 w9t] ! floor %\ld be litt]$ ) a ?9 lay] ( /raw1 ru%es1 or f]n leaves1 fre% e day4 ,! hat*+-h\ses %\ld be sep>at$ f ! lodg+ ap>tm5ts1 & provid$ ) boxes = ! purpose ( incubation & hat*+4 ,9 its wild /ate ! duck pairs ) a s+le mate3 ! dome/ic duck has become polygam\s1 & five ducks may be all[$ to "o drake1 b n m ?an two or ?ree ducks %\ld be giv5 to "o drake if eggs are requir$ = sett+4 ,ducks beg9 lay+ 9 ,janu>y1 & usually f t "t only dur+ ! spr+2 b ^? hat*$ 9 ,m>* w (t5 lay 9 ! autumn1 & cont9ue = two or ?ree mon?s4 ,!y usually lay fifty or sixty eggs1 & h be5 kn[n to produce #bej4 ,! faculty ( lay+ might be greatly develop$1 z x has be5 9 "s bre$s ( f[ls2 b !y h be5 hi!rto *iefly br$ = _! fle%4 ,!y require con/ant wat*+ :5 beg9n+ to lay1 = !y drop _! eggs ev]y:]e b 9 ! ne/ made = !m1 b z !y g5]ally lay 9 ! night1 or e>ly 9 ! morn+1 :5 9 p]fect heal?1 !y %\ld !re=e be kept 9 e morn+ till !y h laid4 ,"o ( ! sure/ signs ( indisposition among !m is irregul>ity 9 lay+4 ,! eggs ( ! duck1 says ,mr4 ,dickson1 are readily kn[n f ^? ( ! common f[l by _! blui% col\r & l>g] size1 ! %ell be+ smoo!r1 n s ?ick1 & ) mu* few] pores4 ,:5 boil$1 ! :ite is nev] curdy l t ( a new-laid h5's egg1 b transp>5t & glassy1 :ile ! yolk is mu* d>k] 9 col\r4 ,! flav\r is by no means s delicate4 ,= omelets1 h[ev]1 z well z = pudd+s & pa/ry1 duck eggs are mu* bett] ?an h5's eggs1 giv+ a f9] col\r & flav\r1 & requir+ less butt]2 qualities s highly e/eem$ 9 ,pic>dy1 t ! wom5 w sometimes g t5 or twelve miles = duck eggs to make _! holiday cakes4 ,a h5 is (t5 made to hat* duckl+s1 be+ consid]$ a bett] nurse ?an a duck1 :i* is apt to take !m :ile too "y to ! pond1 dragg+ !m "u beetl+ banks 9 se>* ( food1 & g5]ally leav+ half ( !m 9 ! wat] unable to get out2 & if ! fly or ! gnat is on ! wat]1 %e w /ay !re till aft] d>k1 & lose "p ( h] brood4 ,ducks' eggs may be advantage\sly plac$ "u a broody exhibition h54 7,see page #hh47 ,a turkey is mu* bett] ?an ei!r1 f ! l>ge expanse ( ! w+s 9 cov]+ ! broods1 & ! great] heat ( body2 b if ! duck is a good sitt]1 x is be/ to let h] hat* h] own eggs1 tak+ c>e to keep h] & !m f ! wat] till !y are /rong4 ,! ne/ %\ld be on ! gr\nd1 & 9 a damp place4 ,*oose ! fre%e/ eggs1 & place f n9e to elev5 "u h]4 ,fe$ h] morn+ & ev5+ :ile sitt+1 & place food & wat] )9 h] rea*4 ,! duck always cov]s h] eggs ^u leav+ !m1 & loose /raw %\ld be plac$ ne> ! h\se = t purpose4 ,!y are hat*$ 9 ?irty days4 ,!y may g5]ally be left ) _! "m ^u ! ne/ = h] own "t4 ,:5 %e moves coop h] on ! %ort grass if f9e wea!r1 or "u %elt] if o!rwise1 = a week or t5 days1 :5 !y may be all[$ to swim = half an h\r at a "t4 ,:5 hat*$ !y require con/ant fe$+4 ,a little curd1 bread-crumbs1 & meal1 mix$ ) *opp$ gre5 food1 is ! be/ food :5 fir/ hat*$4 ,boil$ cold oatmeal porridge is ! be/ food = duckl+s = ! fir/ t5 days2 aft]w>ds b>ley-meal1 poll>d1 & oats1 ) pl5ty ( gre5 food4 ,nev] give !m h>d spr+ wat] to dr9k1 b t f a pond4 ,duckl+s are easily re>$1 soon able to %ift = !mselves1 & to pick up worms1 slugs1 & insects1 & c be coop$ toge!r 9 numb]s at night if protect$ f rats4 ,an old pig/y is an excell5t place = a brood ( "y ducks4 ,duckl+s %\ld n be all[$ to g on ! wat] till fea!rs h suppli$ ! place ( _! e>ly d[n1 = ! latt] w get saturat$ ) ! wat] :ile ! =m] ?r[s (f ! wet4 ,?\gh ! "y duckl+s1 says ,mr4 ,w4 ,c4 ,l4 ,m>t91 take e>ly to ! wat]1 x is bett] t !y %\ld ga9 a little /r5g? be=e !y be all[$ to v5ture into ponds or riv]s2 a %all[ vessel ( wat] fill$ to ! brim & sunk 9 ! gr\nd w suffice = ! fir/ week or t5 days1 & ?is rule is m especially to be adh]$ to :5 !y are "u ! c>e ( a common h51 :i* _c foll[ !m into ! pond1 & ! calls ( :i* :5 !re !y pay little or no reg>d to4 ,rats1 weasels1 pike1 & eels are =midable foes to duckl+s3 we h kn[n entire broods de/roy$ by ! =m]1 :i*1 hav+ _! burr[s 9 a /eep bank ar\nd a seque/]$ pond1 x 0 f\nd impossible to extirpate4 ,if ! duckl+s /ay too long 9 ! wat] !y w h di>rhoea1 9 :i* case coop !m close = a few days1 & mix bean-meal or oatmeal ) _! ord9>y food4 ,a troop ( ducks w d good s]vice to a kit*5 g>d5 9 ! summ] or autumn1 :5 !y c d no mis*ief by dev\r+ delicate salads & "y spr\t+ vegetables4 ,!y w se>* indu/ri\sly = snails1 slugs1 woodlice1 & millip$es1 & gobble !m up eag]ly1 gett+ positively fat on slugs & snails4 ,/rawb]ries1 ( :i* !y are v fond1 mu/ be protect$ f !m4 ,:]e /eam$ food is daily prep>$ = pigs & cattle1 a portion ( ?is mix$ ) bran & b>ley-meal is ! *eape/ mode ( satisfy+ _! voraci\s appetites4 ,!y %\ld nev] be /9t$ 9 food4 ,to fatt5 ducks let !m h z mu* sub/antial food z !y w eat1 bruis$ oats & peameal be+ ! /&>d1 pl5ty ( ex]cise1 & clean wat]4 ,boil$ roots mix$ ) a little b>ley-meal is excell5t food1 ) a little milk add$ dur+ fatt5+4 ,!y require nei!r p5n+ up nor cramm+ to acquire plumpness1 & if well f$ %\ld be fit = m>ket 9 eight or t5 weeks4 ,cel]y imp>ts a delici\s flav\r4 ,! ,aylesbury is ! f9e/ bre$1 & %\ld be ( a spotless :ite1 ) long1 flat1 broad beak ( a pale fle% col\r1 grey eyes1 long head & neck1 broad & flat body & brea/1 & orange legs1 plac$ wide ap>t4 ,z x lays e>ly1 its duckl+s are ! e>lie/ ready = m>ket4 ,!y h produc$ #aej l>ge eggs 9 a ye>1 & are bett] sitt]s ?an ! ,r\54 ,! ,r\5 is h>dy & easily re>$1 b r>ely lay till ,febru>y or ,m>*4 ,!y ?rive bett] 9 mo/ p>ts ( ,engl& ?an ! ,aylesburys1 & c>e less = ! wat] ?an ! o!r v>ieties4 ,!y are v h&some1 & weigh eight or n9e p\nds ea*1 & _! fle% is excell5t4 ,! ,muscovy duck is s call$1 says ,ray1 n because x comes f ,muscovy1 b because x exhales a some:at p[]ful od\r ( musk4 ,little is kn[n ( its orig91 :i* is g5]ally ?\ght to be ,s\? ,am]ica2 nor has ! date ( its introduction into ,europe be5 asc]ta9$4 ,?is species1 says ,mr4 ,w4 ,c4 ,l4 ,m>t91 w int]-bre$ ) ! common duck1 b we believe ! prog5y are n f]tile4 ,! ,musk duck greatly exce$s ! ord9>y k9d 9 size1 & moreov]1 diff]s 9 ! col\rs & "* ( ! plumage1 9 g5]al cont\r1 & ! =m ( ! head4 ,! g5]al col\r is glossy blue-black1 v>i$ m or less ) :ite2 ! head is cre/$1 & a space ( nak$ sc>let sk91 m or less cl\d$ ) violet1 surr\nds ! eye1 cont9u$ f sc>let c>uncles on ! base ( ! beak2 ! top ( ! head is cre/$1 ! fea!rs ( ! body are l>g]1 m lax1 s(t]1 & less closely compact$ toge!r ?an 9 ! common duck1 & seem to indicate less aquatic habits4 ,! male f> surpasses ! female 9 size2 !re are no curl$ fea!rs 9 8 tail4 ,! male is fi]ce & qu>relsome1 & :5 enrag$ has a savage appe>ance1 & utt]s deep1 ho>se s\nds4 ,! fle% is v good1 b ! bre$ is inf]ior z a lay] to ! ,aylesbury or ,r\54 ,! ,bu5os ,ayres1 ,labrador1 or ,ea/ ,indian1 br\ght mo/ probably f ! fir/-nam$ c\ntry1 is a small & v beautiful v>iety1 ) ! plumage ( a uni=m ri*1 lu/r\s1 gre5i%-black1 & d>k legs & bills2 ! drake r>ely weigh+ five p\nds1 & ! duck f\r p\nds4 ,_! eggs are (t5 sme>$ ov] ) a slatey-col\r$ matt]1 b ! %ell is really ( a dull :ite4 ,,*apt] ,,xxiii4 ,,geese4 ,geese require mu* ! same managem5t z ducks4 ,!y may be kept pr(itably :]e !re is a r\gh pa/ure or common into :i* !y may be turn$1 & ! pa/urage is n r5d]$ b>e by %eep1 z is g5]ally ! case2 b ev5 :5 ! pa/urage is good1 a supply ( oats1 b>ley1 or o!r gra9 %\ld be all[$ e morn+ & ev5+4 ,:]e ! pa/urage is poor or bad1 ! old geese become ?9 & weak1 & ! "y broods nev] ?rive & (t5 die unless fully f$ at home4 ,a goose-h\se = f\r %\ld n be less ?an eight feet long by six feet wide & six or sev5 feet high1 ) a smoo? floor ( brick4 ,a little clean /raw %\ld be spread ov] x e o!r day1 aft] remov+ t previ\sly us$1 & wa%+ ! floor4 ,ea* goose %\ld h a comp>tm5t two feet & a half squ>e = lay+ & sitt+1 z %e w always lay :]e %e deposit$ h] fir/ egg4 ,! h\se mu/ be well v5tilat$4 ,all damp mu/ be avoid$4 ,a pig/y makes a capital p54 ,al?\gh a pond is an advantage1 !y d n require m ?an a l>ge tr\gh or tank to ba! 94 ,= bre$+ n m ?an f\r geese %\ld be kept to "o g&]4 ,_! bre$+ p[]s cont9ue to m ?an tw5ty ye>s old4 ,x is (t5 difficult to di/+ui% ! sexes1 no "o sign be+ infallible except close exam9ation4 ,! goose lays e>ly 9 a mild spr+1 or 9 an ord9>y season1 if f$ high ?r\gh\t ! w9t] ) corn1 & on ! comm5cem5t ( ! bre$+ season on boil$ b>ley1 malt1 fre% gra9s1 & f9e poll>d mix$ up ) ale1 or o!r /imulants2 by :i* two broods may be obta9$ 9 a ye>4 ,! common goose lays f n9e to sev5te5 eggs1 usually ab\t ?irte51 & g5]ally c>ries /raws ab\t previ\sly to lay+4 ,?irte5 eggs are q en\gh = ! l>ge/ goose to sit on4 ,!y sit f ?irty to ?irty-five days4 ,m>* or e>ly ,april is ! be/ p]iod = hat*+1 & ! geese %\ld !re=e beg9 to sit 9 ,febru>y or e>ly ,m>*2 = gosl+s hat*$ at any "t aft] ,april are difficult to re>4 ,food & wat] %\ld be plac$ ne> to h]1 = %e sits closely4 ,%e ought to leave h] ne/ daily & take a ba? 9 a neighb\r+ pond4 ,! g&] is v att5tive1 & sits by h]1 & is vigilant & d>+ 9 h] def5ce4 ,:5 h] eggs are plac$ "u a common h5 !y %\ld be spr9kl$ ) wat] daily or e o!r day1 = ! moi/ure ( ! goose's brea/ is b5eficial to !m4 7,see page #ej47 ,a turkey is an excell5t "m = gosl+s4 ,%e %\ld be coop$ = a few days on a dry grass-plot or mead[1 ) gra9 & wat] by h]1 ( :i* ! gosl+s w eat2 & !y %\ld also be suppli$ ) *opp$ cabbage or beet leaves1 or o!r gre5 food4 ,!y mu/ h a dry b$ "u cov] & be protect$ f rats4 ,_! only dang]s are heavy ra9s1 damp floors1 & v]m92 & !y require b little c>e = ! fir/ =tnight2 :ile ! old birds are s+ul>ly free f maladies ( all k9ds common to p\ltry4 ,:5 a =tnight old !y may be all[$ to g abroad ) _! "m & frequ5t ! pond4 ,x has be5 =m]ly recomm5d$1 says ,m[bray1 to keep ! newly-hat*$ gulls 9 h\se dur+ a week1 le/ !y get cramp f ! damp e>?2 b we did n f9d ?is indoor conf9em5t necess>y2 p5n+ ! goose & h] brood betwe5 f\r hurdles ^u a piece ( dry grass well %elt]$1 putt+ !m out late 9 ! morn+1 or n at all 9 sev]e wea!r1 & ev] tak+ !m 9 e>ly 9 ! ev5+4 ,sometimes we h pit*$ d\ble ! numb] ( hurdles1 = ! conv5i5ce ( two broods1 !re be+ no qu>rels among ?is sociable & h>mless "p ( ! fea!r$ race4 ,we did n ev5 f9d x necess>y to int]pose a p>t+ hurdle1 :i*1 on occasion1 may be always conv5i5tly done4 ,= ! fir/ range a conv5i5t field conta9+ wat] is to be pref]r$ to an ext5sive common1 ov] :i* ! gulls or gosl+s are dragg$ by ! goose1 until !y become cramp$ or tir$1 "s ( !m squatt+ d[n & rema9+ beh9d at ev5+4 ,all ! hemlock or deadly night%ade )9 range %\ld be de/roy$4 ,:5 ! corn is g>n]$ ! "y geese may be turn$ into ! /ubble :i* !y w ?or\ghly glean1 & _m ( !m w be 9 f9e condition by ,mi*aelmas4 ,gre5 geese are "y geese fatt5$ at ab\t ! age ( f\r mon?s1 usually on oatmeal & peas1 mix$ ) skim-milk or butt]-milk1 or ^u oats or o!r gra91 & are v delicate4 ,9 fatt5+ geese = ,*ri/mas give oats mix$ ) wat] = ! fir/ =tnight1 & aft]w>ds b>ley-meal made into a crumbl+ porridge4 ,!y %\ld be all[$ to ba! = a few h\rs be=e be+ kill$1 = !y are !n pluck$ m easily & ! fea!rs are 9 bett] condition4 ,_! fea!rs1 d[n1 & quills are v valuable4 ,geese are v de/ructive to all g>d5 & f>m crops1 z well z "y trees1 & mu/ !re=e be c>efully kept out ( or*>ds & plantations4 ,_! dung1 ?\gh acrid & apt to injure at fir/1 w1 :5 x is mell[$1 mu* enri* ! gr\nd4 ,! ,t\l\se or ,grey ,goose is v l>ge1 ( uni=m grey plumage1 ) long neck1 hav+ a k9d ( dewlap "u ! ?roat2 ! abdom9al p\* v mu* develop$1 almo/ t\*+ ! gr\nd2 %ort legs2 flat feet2 %ort1 broad tail2 & v upright c>riage1 almo/ l a p5gu94 ,! ,t\l\se lays a l>ge numb] ( eggs1 sometimes z _m z ?irty1 & ev5 m1 b r>ely wi%es to sit1 & is a v bad "m4 ,! ,emd5 or pure ,:ite is v sc>ce4 ,! bill is fle%-col\r1 & ! legs & feet orange4 ,!y require a pond4 ,! ,t\l\se1 cross$ ) ! l>ge :ite or d>k-col\r$ common bre$1 produces great] weight ?an ei!r1 & ! objection to ! =m] z indiff]5t sitt]s & mo!rs is avoid$2 b is n desirable = bre$+ /ock1 & mu/ h a pond l ! ,:ite4 ,,*apt] ,,xxiv4 ,,diseases4 ,x is m economical to kill at once r ?an attempt to cure common f[ls %[+ symptoms ( any tr\blesome disease1 & s save tr\ble1 loss ( _! c>cases1 & ! risk ( infection4 ,b if ! f[ls are fav\rites1 or valuable1 x may be desirable to use e means ( cure4 ,see to a sick f[l at once2 prompt att5tion may prev5t s]i\s illness1 & loss ( ! bird4 ,:5 a f[l's plumage is se5 to be bri/l$ up & disord]$1 & its w+s hang+ or dragg+1 x %\ld be at once remov$ f ! o!rs1 & look$ to4 ,pale & livid combs are z c]ta9 a sign ( bad heal? 9 f[ls1 z ! pal5ess or lividness ( ! lips is 9 human be+s4 ,e l>ge e/abli%m5t %\ld h a w>m1 prop]ly v5tilat$1 & well-light$ h\se1 com=tably litt]$ d[n ) clean /raw1 to be us$ z a hospital1 & e f[l %\ld be remov$ to x ^u %[+ any symptoms ( illness1 ev5 if ! disease is n infecti\s1 = sick f[ls are (t5 peck$ at1 ill treat$1 & dislik$ by _! heal?y companions4 ,be> 9 m9d t prev5tion is bett] ?an cure1 & t prop] managem5t & h\s+1 good fe$+1 pure wat] & gre5s1 cleanl9ess & ex]cise1 w prev5t all1 or ne>ly all1 ^! diseases4 ,,apoplexy arises f ov]-fe$+1 & c seldom be treat$ 9 "t to be ( s]vice4 ,! only rem$y is ble$+1 by op5+ ! l>ge ve9 "u ! w+1 & p\r+ cold wat] on ! head = a few m9utes4 ,op5 ! ve9 ) a lancet1 or if t is n at h&1 ) a %>p-po9t$ p5knife2 make ! incision l5g?ways1 n across1 & press ! ve9 ) y\r ?umb betwe5 ! op5+ & ! body1 :5 ! blood w fl[4 ,if ! f[l %\ld recov]1 fe$ x on s(t1 l[ food = a few days1 & keep x quiet4 ,x occurs mo/ (t5 9 lay+ h5s1 :i* frequ5tly die on ! ne/ :ile eject+ ! egg2 & is frequ5tly caus$ by too mu* ( v /imulat+ food1 su* z hempse$1 or improp] diet ( greaves1 & also by giv+ too mu* pea or bean meal4 ,,h>d ,,crop1 or be+ ,,crop-,,b\nd1 is caus$ by too mu* food1 especially ( h>d gra91 be+ tak5 into ! crop1 s t x _c be s(t5$ by mac]ation1 & is !re=e unable to be pass$ into ! /oma*4 ,al?\gh ! bird has ?us too l>ge a supply ( food 9 its crop1 ! /oma* becomes empty1 & ! f[l eats /ill m food4 ,sometimes a f[l swall[s a bone t is too l>ge to pass into ! /oma*1 & be+ kept 9 ! crop =ms a k]nel1 ar\nd :i* fibr\s & o!r h>d mat]ial collects4 ,mr4 ,baily says3 ,p\r pl5ty ( w>m wat] d[n ! ?roat1 & loos5 ! food till x is s(t4 ,!n give a tablespoonful ( ca/or-oil1 or ab\t z mu* jalap z w lie on a %ill+1 mix$ 9 butt]2 make a pill ( x1 & slide x into ! crop4 ,! f[l w be well 9 ! morn+4 ,if ! crop /ill rema9 h>d aft] ?is1 an op]ation is ! only rem$y4 ,! fea!rs %\ld be pick$ (f ! crop 9 a /raight l9e d[n ! middle4 ,g5]ally speak+1 ! crop w be f\nd full ( grass or hay1 t has =m$ a ball or "s inconv5i5tly-%ap$ sub/ance4 7,i once took a piece ( c>rot ?ree in*es long out ( a crop47 ,:5 ! (f5ce has be5 remov$1 ! crop %\ld be wa%$ out ) w>m wat]4 ,x %\ld !n be sewn up ) co>se ?read1 & ! suture rubb$ ) grease4 ,aft]w>ds ! out] sk9 %\ld be s]v$ ! same4 ,! crop & sk9 mu/ n be sew$ toge!r4 ,= ?ree or f\r days ! pati5t %\ld h only gruel2 no h>d food = a =tnight4 ,! slit %\ld be made 9 ! upp] "p ( ! crop1 & j l>ge en\gh to admit a blunt in/rum5t1 ) :i* y mu/ g5tly remove ! h>d5$ mass4 ,,di>rhoea is caus$ by exposure to mu* cold & wet1 reaction aft] con/ipation f hav+ _h too little gre5 food1 un:olesome food1 & dirt4 ,fe$ on w>m b>ley-meal1 or oatmeal ma%$ ) a little w>m ale1 & "s b n v mu* gre5 food1 & give five gra9s ( p[d]$ *alk1 "o gra9 ( opium1 & "o gra9 ( p[d]$ ipecacuanha twice a day till ! loos5ess is *eck$4 ,boil$ rice1 ) a little *alk & cay5ne pepp] mix$1 w also *eck ! compla9t4 ,:5 ! evacuations are col\r$ ) blood1 ! di>rhoea has become dys5t]y1 & cure is v d\btful4 ,,gapes1 a frequ5t yawn+ or gap+1 is caus$ by worms 9 ! w9dpipe1 :i* may be remov$ by introduc+ a fea!r1 /ripp$ to )9 an in* ( ! po9t1 into ! w9dpipe1 turn+ x r\nd quickly1 & !n draw+ x out1 :5 ! p>asites w be f\nd adh]+ ) slime ^u x2 b if ?is be n quickly & skilfully done1 & ) "s k ( ! anatomy ( ! p>ts t\*$1 ! bird may be kill$ in/ead ( cur$4 ,ano!r rem$y is to put ! f[l into a box1 plac+ 9 x at ! same "t a sponge dipp$ 9 spirits ( turp5t9e on a hot wat] plate fill$ ) boil+ wat]1 & repeat+ ?is = ?ree or f\r days4 ,"s p]sons recomm5d1 z a c]ta9 cure 9 a few days1 half a teaspoonful ( spirits ( turp5t9e mix$ ) a h&ful ( gra91 giv+ t quantity to two doz5 ( *ick5s ea* day4 ,a p9* ( salt put z f> back into ! m\? z possible is also said to be effectual4 ,,leg ,,weakness1 %[n by ! bird re/+ on ! fir/ jo9t1 is g5]ally caus$ by ! size & weight ( ! body be+ too great = ! /r5g? ( ! legs2 & ?is be+ entirely ! result ( weakness1 ! rem$y is to give /r5g? by tonics & m n\ri%+ food4 ,! quality %\ld be improv$1 b ! quantity mu/ n be increas$1 z ! disease has be5 caus$ by ov]-fe$+ hav+ produc$ too mu* weight = ! /r5g? ( ! legs4 ,frequ5t ba?+ 9 cold wat] is v b5eficial4 ,?is is be/ effect$ by ty+ a t[el r\nd ! f[l1 & susp5d+ x ov] a pail ( wat]1 ) ! legs only imm]s$4 ,,loss ,,( ,,fea!rs is almo/ always caus$ by want ( gre5 food1 or du/-heap = cleans+4 ,let ! f[ls h bo?1 & remove !m to a grass run if possible4 ,b no?+ w re/ore ! fea!rs till ! next m\lt4 ,f[ls1 :5 too closely h\s$ or n well suppli$ ) gre5 food & lime1 sometimes eat ea* o!r's fea!rs1 de/roy+ ! plumage till ! next m\lt4 ,9 su* cases gre5 food & mort> rubbi% %\ld be suppli$1 ex]cise all[$1 ! injur$ f[l %\ld be remov$ to a sep>ate place1 & ! peck$ p>ts rubb$ ov] ) sulphur o9tm5t4 ,cut or brok5 fea!rs %\ld be pull$ out at once4 ,,pip1 a dry scale on ! tongue1 is n a disease1 b ! symptom ( "s disease1 be+ only analog\s to a f\l tongue 9 human be+s4 ,d n scrape ! tongue1 nor cut (f ! tip1 b cure ! r\p1 di>rhoea1 bad dige/ion1 gapes1 or :atev] ! disease may be1 & ! pip w disappe>4 ,,r\p is caus$ by exposure to excessive wet or v cold w9ds4 ,x beg9s ) a slight ho>s5ess & cat*+ ( ! brea? z if f cold1 & t]m9ates 9 an (f5sive dis*>ge f ! no/rils1 fro? 9 ! corn]s ( ! eyes1 & swoll5 lids4 ,x is v contagi\s4 ,sep>ate ! f[l f ! o!rs1 keep x w>m1 add "s ,d\glass ,mixture 7see ,m\lt+7 to its wat] daily1 wa% its head once or twice daily ) tepid wat]1 fe$ x ) meal1 only mix$ ) hot ale in/ead ( wat]1 & pl5ty ( gre5 food4 ,mr4 ,wright advises half a gra9 ( cay5ne pepp] ) half a gra9 ( p[d]$ allspice 9 a bolus ( ! meal1 or "o ( ,baily's r\p pills to be giv5 daily4 ,mr4 ,tegetmei] recomm5ds "o gra9 ( sulphate ( copp] daily4 ,ano!r advises a spoonful ( ca/or-oil at once1 & a few h\rs aft]w>ds "o ( ,baily's r\p pills1 & to take ! scale (f ! tongue1 :i* c easily be done by hold+ ! beak op5 ) y\r left h&1 & remov+ ! scale ) ! ?umbnail ( y\r "r h&2 ) a pill e morn+ = a week4 ,if n almo/ well 9 a week x w be bett] to kill x4 ,,! ,,?ru% may be cur$ by wa%+ ! tongue & m\? ) borax dissolv$ 9 t9cture ( myrrh & wat]4 ,,p>alysis g5]ally affects ! legs & r5d]s ! f[l unable to move4 ,x is *iefly caus$ by ov]-/imulat+ food4 ,!re is no kn[n rem$y = ?is disease1 & ! f[l seldom if ev] recov]s4 ,al?\gh *iefly affect+ ! legs ( f[ls1 x is q a diff]5t disease f ,,leg ,,weakness4 ,,v]tigo results f too great a fl[ ( blood to ! head1 & is g5]ally caus$ by ov]-fe$+4 ,p\r+ cold wat] ^u ! f[l's head1 or hold+ x "u a tap = a few m9utes1 w *eck ?is compla9t1 & ! bird %\ld !n be purg$ by a dose ( ca/or-oil or six gra9s ( jalap4 ,,m\lt+4 ,all birds1 b especially old f[ls1 require m w>m? & m n\ri%+ diet dur+ ?is dra9 ^u _! sy/em1 & %\ld roo/ 9 a w>m1 %elt]$1 & prop]ly-v5tilat$ h\se1 free f all draught4 ,d n let !m out e>ly 9 ! morn+1 if ! wea!r is *illy1 b fe$ !m "u cov]1 & give !m e morn+ w>m1 s(t food1 su* z bread & ale1 oatmeal & milk1 potatoes ma%$ up 9 pot-liquor1 ) a little pepp] & a little boil$ meat1 z liv]1 c41 cut small1 & a little hempse$ ) _! gra9 at night4 ,give !m 9 _! wat] "s iron or ,d\glass ,mixture1 :i* consi/s ( "o ounce ( sulphate ( iron & "o dra*m ( sulphuric acid dissolv$ 9 "o qu>t ( wat]2 a teaspoonful ( ! mixture is to be add$ to ea* p9t ( dr9k+ wat]4 ,?is *alybeate is an excell5t tonic = weakly "y *ick5s1 & "y birds t are dispos$ to outgr[ _! /r5g?4 ,x increases _! appetite1 improves ! heal?1 imp>ts /r5g?1 bright5s ! col\r ( ! comb1 & increases ! /am9a ( ! birds4 ,:5 *ick5s droop & seem to suff] z ! fea!rs on ! head gr[1 give !m once a day meat m9c$ f9e & a little can>y-se$4 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote #a3 ,pip] on ,p\ltry3 _! ,v>ieties1 ,managem5t1 ,bre$+1 & ,diseases2 ,price #as4 ,groombridge ,sons1 #e1 ,pat]no/] ,r[1 ,london4 ,footnote #b3 ,! ,practical ,p\ltry ,keep]4 ,by ,mr4 ,l4 ,wright4 ,cassell1 ,pett] ,galp94 ,footnote #c3 ,! ,practical ,p\ltry ,keep]4 ,by ,mr4 ,l4 ,wright4 ,cassell1 ,pett] ,galp94