,,! ,,_w',s ,,sixte5 ,,crucifi$         
,,saviors  ,,or1 ,,*ri/ianity ,,be=e    
,,*ri/  ,,conta9+ ,,new1 ,,/>tl+1 ,,&   
,,extraord9>y ,,revelations ,,9         
,,religi\s ,,hi/ory1 ,,:i* ,,disclose   
,,! ,,ori5tal ,,orig9 ,,( ,,all ,,!     
,,doctr9es1 ,,pr9ciples1 ,,precepts1 ,,&
 ,,miracles ,,( ,,! ,,*ri/ian ,,new     
,,te/am5t1 ,,& ,,furni%+ ,a ,,key ,,=   
,,unlock+ ,,_m ,,( ,,its ,,sacr$        
,,my/]ies1 ,,besides ,,compris+ ,,!     
,,hi/ory ,,( #af ,,hea!n ,,crucifi$     
,,gods4  ,by ,k]sey ,graves             
,,preface4  ,,inv]sely to ! remot5ess ( 
"t has be5 man's asc5t t[>d ! temple (  
k4 ,tru? has made its +ress into ! human
 m9d 9 ! ratio by :i* man has atta9$ !  
capacity to receive & appreciate x      
,h5ce1 z we tread back ! me&]+ pa?way ( 
human hi/ory1 e /ep 9 ! rec$+ process   
br+s u to a l[] plane ( intellig5ce & a 
/ate ( m9d m ?or\ghly encru/$ )         
ignorance & sup]/ition4 ,x is1 !re=e1 no
 s\rce ( surprise to le>n1 :5 we take a 
survey ( ! _w two or ?ree ?\s& ye>s 9 ! 

pa/1 t e religi\s writ] ( t era committ$
 errors on e subject :i* employ$ 8 p51  
involv+ a sci5tific pr9ciple4 ,h5ce1 !  
bible1 or sacr$ book1 to :i* he 0 a     
contributor1 is n[ f\nd to be> ! m>ks ( 
human imp]fection4 ,= ! temple ( k 0 b  
p>tially re>$1 & its *amb]s b dimly     
light$ up4 ,! intellectual bra9 0 9 a   
d>k1 feeble & dormant condition4 ,h5ce1 
! moral & religi\s feel+s 7 drift$ ab\t 
)\t a pilot on ! turbul5t waves (       
sup]/ition1 & f9ally /r&$ on ! %oals (  
bigotry4 ,! ,*ri/ian bible1 l o!r       
bibles1 hav+ be5 writt5 9 an age :5     
sci5ce 0 b budd+ into life1 & philosophy
 _h atta9$ b a feeble gr[?1 %\ld be     
expect$ to tea* _m ?+s incompatible ) ! 
pr9ciples ( mod]n sci5ce4 ,& accord+ly x
 is f\nd to conta91 l o!r bibles1 num]\s
 /atem5ts s obvi\sly at w> ) pres5t     
e/abli%$ sci5tific tru?s t almo/ any    
s*ool-boy1 at ! pres5t day1 c demon/rate
 _! falsity4 ,let ! unbias$ read] exam9e
 & comp>e ! ori5tal & ,*ri/ian bibles   
toge!r1 & he w note ! foll[+ facts1     

viz3--  #a4 ,t ! c>d9al religi\s        
conceptions ( all bibles are ess5tially 
! same--all runn+ 9 p>able grooves4  #b4
 ,t e *apt] ( e bible is b a transcript 
( ! m5tal *>t ( ! writ]4  #c4 ,t no     
bible1 pagan or ,*ri/ian1 conta9s any?+ 
surpass+ ! natural1 m5tal & moral       
capacity ( ! writ] to orig9ate4 ,& h5ce 
no div9e aid or inspiration 0 necess>y =
 its production4  #d4 ,t ! moral &      
religi\s tea*+s ( no bible rea* a high] 
altitude ?an ! intellig5ce & m5tal      
developm5t ( ! age & c\ntry :i* produc$ 
x4  #e4 ,t ! ,*ri/ian bible1 9 "s       
respects1 is sup]ior to "s ( ! o!r      
bibles1 b only to ! ext5t to :i* ! age 9
 :i* x 0 writt5 0 sup]ior 9 intellig5ce 
& natural m5tal capacity to ! era 9 :i* 
! old] bibles 7 p5n$2 & t ?is sup]iority
 consi/s n its m exalt$ religi\s        
conceptions1 b only 9 ! fact t1 be+ ( m 
mod]n orig91 ! progress ( m9d _h worn   
away "s ( ! leg5d>y rubbi% ( ! pa/4 ,be+
 writt5 9 a lat] & m enlight5$ age1 x is
 consequ5tly a little less encru/$ )    

my?ological tradition & ori5tal imag]y4 
,?\gh n free f ^! elem5ts1 x possesses  
!m 9 less degree4 ,& by comp>+ ,*ri/'s  
hi/ory ) ^? ( ! ori5tal ,gods1 x w be   
f\nd3--  #a4 ,t he taught no new doctr9e
 or moral precept4  #b4 ,t he inculcat$ 
! same religion & morality1 :i* he      
elaborat$1 z o!r moral tea*]s1 to great 
extremes4  #c4 ,t ,*ri/ diff]s s little 
9 8 "*1 prea*+1 & practical life f "s ( 
! ori5tal ,gods1 t no p]son ^: m9d is n 
deplorably w>p$ & bias$ by e>ly tra9+ c 
call "o div9e :ile he consid]s ! o!r    
human4  #d4 ,t if ,*ri/ 0 a ,god1 !n all
 7 ,gods4  ,! ,au?or4     ,,preface ,,to
 ,,! ,,second ,,edition4  ,! au?or      
desires to say t ?is "w has be5 c>efully
 review$ & correct$1 & "s additions     
made1 embrac+ two *apt]s f ! ,bible (   
,bibles1 & "s explanatory notes1 & is n[
 able to place be=e ! read] a greatly   
improv$ edition4  ,! au?or also desires 
to say "h1 t ! _m flatt]+ lett]s he has 
receiv$ f v>i\s p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 f ^? :o
 h suppli$ !mselves ) ! "w1 excites 9 8 

m9d ! hope x w ultimately effect some?+ 
t[>ds a*iev+ ! important end s\ght to be
 atta9$ by its publication--! bani%m5t (
 t wide-spread delusion compreh5d$ 9 !  
belief 9 an inc>nate1 virg9-born ,god1  
call$ ,jesus ,*ri/1 & ! infallibility ( 
8 tea*+s1 ) ! num]\s evils gr[+         
legitimately out ( ?is belief--among !  
mo/ important ( :i* is1 its cramp+      
effect ^u ! m9d ( ! possessor1 :i*      
int]dicts its gr[?1 & ?us con/itutes a  
s]i\s ob/acle to ! progress bo? ( !     
individual & ( society4 ,& su* has be5 !
 bl9d+ effect ( ?is delusion ^u all :o h
 fall5 victims to its influ5ce1 t !     
num]\s errors & evils ( our popul> sy/em
 ( religi\s fai?1 :i* con/itutes its    
legitimate fruits1 h pass$ f age to age1
 unnotic$ by all except sci5tific &     
progressive m9ds1 :o are con/antly br++ 
^! errors & evils to light4 ,?is /ate ( 
?+s has be5 a s\rce ( sorr[ & regret to 
e philan?ropi/ desir+ ! welf>e ( ! race4
 ,& if ?is "w %all a*ieve any?+ t[>ds   
arre/+ ?is great evil1 ! au?or w feel t 

he is amply comp5sat$ = ! ye>s ( toil & 
m5tal labor sp5t 9 its prep>ation4      
,note4--,z ! diff]5t works consult$ h   
assign$ diff]5t dates = ! same ev5t1 !  
au?or has1 9 "o or two cases1 foll[$ _! 
example1 accept+ !m z au?ority2 z 9 !   
date ( ! bir? & dea? ( ! ,gods (        
,mexico4 ,! read] w also notice t ! "n (
 ! same ,god is f\nd 9 diff]5t c\ntries4
 ,example--,adonis & ,bac*us are f\nd   
among/ ! ,gods ( bo? ,greece & ,egypt4  
,,explanation  ,! ,_w's ,sixte5         
,crucifi$ ,saviors4 ,:at an impos+ title
 = a book6 ,:at />tl+ developm5ts (     
religi\s hi/ory x implies6 ,is x f\nd$  
on fact or on fiction8 ,if x has a basis
 ( tru?1 :]e 0 su* an extraord9>y m9e ( 
sacr$ lore discov]$8 ,:]e 7 su* />tl+   
facts obta9$ z ! title ( ! "w sugge/s4  
,^! qu]ies w d\btless arise z           
soliloquies 9 ! m9ds ( _m read]s on     
glanc+ at ! title-page4 ,& ! au?or is   
dispos$ to gratify ?is natural & mo/    
probable1 9 "s cases1 excit$ curiosity  
by a brief explanation4 ,9 do+ ?is1 he  

deems x only necess>y1 to /ate t _m ( ! 
mo/ important facts collat$ 9 ?is "w 7  
d]iv$ f ,sir ,godfrey ,higg9s'          
,anacalypsis1 a "w z valuable z x is    
r>e--a "w compris+ ! result ( tw5ty     
ye>s' labor1 devot$ to ! inve/igation ( 
religi\s hi/ory4 ,& al?\gh embody+ _m   
important hi/orical facts :i* %\ld h    
comm&$ = x a ^w-wide circulation1 b a   
few copies ( ?is invaluable treasury (  
religi\s k h ev] f\nd _! way into ?is   
c\ntry4 ,"o ( ^! copies ! au?or ( ?is "w
 obta9$1 at no inconsid]able exp5se1    
long en\gh to glean f its pages su*     
facts z he presum$ w\ld be mo/ int]e/+ &
 in/ructive to ! g5]al read]1 "s ( :i* w
 be f\nd 9 ne>ly e *apt] ( ?is volume4  
,) ! facts & mat]ials d]iv$ f ?is s\rce1
 & two hundr$ o!r unimpea*able hi/orical
 records1 ! pres5t "w might h be5 swell$
 to f\rfold its pres5t size )\t exhau/+ 
! au?or's ample /ore ( mat]ials & w\ld h
 possess$ su* unwieldy dim5sions b = a  
/rict con=mity to ! mo/ rigid rules (   
eclecticism & cond5sation4 ,enc\rag$ by 

! ext5sive dem& = 8 =m] "w1 ,!          
,biography ( ,satan1 :i* has pass$ ?r\gh
 sev5 editions1 ! au?or *]i%es ! hope t 
! pres5t "w w meet ) a circulation      
comm5surate ) ! importance ( ! _m       
invaluable facts :i* x conta9s4 ,= he   
possesses ! sad conviction t ! _m       
religi\s errors & evils :i* x is !      
object ( ?is "w to expose1 op]ate v     
s]i\sly to ret>d ! moral & intellectual 
gr[? & prosp]ity ( all ,*ri/ian         
c\ntries4 ,!y h ! effect to injure      
m5tally1 morally & religi\sly ! great   
body ( ,*ri/ian pr(essors4  ,dr4 ,pr9ce1
 ( ,long ,isl& 7n[ deceas$71 wrote to ! 
au?or1 respect+ ! ?irty-fif? *apt] ( ?is
 "w1 entitl$ ,! ,logical ,view ( !      
,inc>nation1 aft] he _h se5 x 9 !       
columns ( a newspap]1 ,x is a ma/]ly    
piece ( logic1 & w />tle1 if x does n   
revolutionize1 ! or?odox _w4 ,& ! *apt]s
 compris+ ',! ,philosophical ,view1' &  
',! ,physiological ,view1' 7 aft]w>d    
pron\nc$ specim5s ( pr(\nd & unansw]able
 logical reason+4 ,we ?us call ! read]'s

 att5tion to ^! *apt]s 9 advance1 9 ord]
 to induce t ?or\gh att5tion to _! facts
 & argum5ts :i* w result 9 bani%+ f 8   
m9d ! la/ ve/iges ( a belief 7if he     
ent]ta9 any7 9 ! doctr9e ( ! div9e      
inc>nation4   ,,important ,,facts       
,,con/itut+ ,,! ,,basis ,,( ,,?is ,,"w4 
,,ignorance ( sci5ce & ignorance (      
hi/ory are ! two great bulw>ks (        
religi\s error4 ,!re is sc>cely a t5et (
 religi\s fai? n[ propagat$ to ! _w by !
 pr(ess$ disciples ( ,*ri/ b t1 if      
subject$ to a rigid te/ 9 ! ordeal (    
mod]n sci5ce w\ld be f\nd to conta9 m or
 less error4 ,va/ acquisitions h be5    
made 9 ! fields ( sci5ce & hi/ory )9 !  
la/ half c5tury1 ! moral lessons ( :i* h
 done mu* to und]m9e & unsettle our     
popul> sy/em ( religi\s fai?1 & to br+  
into disrepute or effectually *ange _m (
 its long-*]i%$ dogmas4 ,! sci5tific &  
hi/orical facts ?us br\ght be=e !       
intellig5t public1 h s]v$ z keys =      
expla9+ _m ( ! doctr9es compris$ 9 !    
popul> cre$4 ,!y h p\r$ a flood ( light 

^u our :ole sy/em ( religion z n[ taught
 by its popul> repres5tatives1 :i* h _h 
! effect to reveal _m ( its errors to ^?
 :o h _h ! tem]ity1 or ! curiosity1 to  
inve/igate x ^u ^! gr\nds4 ,_m ( !      
doctr9es & miracul\s ev5ts :i* h always 
be5 assign$ a div9e emanation by !      
disciples ( ! ,*ri/ian fai?1 are1 by ^! 
sci5tific & hi/orical disclosures1 %[n  
to be expla9able ^u natural gr\nds1 & to
 h exclusively a natural basis4 ,"s ( !m
 are %[n to be solvable by rec5tly      
develop$ spiritual laws1 :ile o!rs are  
prov5 to be f\nd$ :olly 9 error4 ,!     
intellig5t community are n[ acqua9t$ )  
_m ( ^! important facts1 s t no man (   
sci5ce c be f\nd 9 ?is enlight5$ age :o 
c popul>ly be t]m$ a ,*ri/ian4 ,no man c
 be f\nd 9 any ,*ri/ian c\ntry :o has ! 
e/abli%$ reputation ( be+ a man (       
sci5ce1 or :o has made any pr(ici5cy 9 !
 :ole curriculum ( ! sci5ces1 ^: cre$1  
:5 exam9$ by an or?odox committee1 w\ld 
n be pron\nc$ uns\nd4 ,x is true t _m ( 
! sci5tific class1 n possess+ !         

conviction t duty imposes ! moral       
necessity ( mak+ liv+ m>tyrs ( !mselves1
 h refra9$ f fully av[+ or disclos+ to !
 public _! real convictions ( ! popul>  
fai?4  ,! *anges & improvem5ts 9        
religi\s ideas n[ obs]vant 9 ! mo/      
intellig5t portion ( ! community1 are   
due 9 "p to ! rapid progress ( sci5tific
 discov]y & ! dissem9ation ( sci5tific k
 9 ,*ri/ian c\ntries4 ,! explor] 9 !    
field ( religi\s hi/ory1 h[ev]1 comes 9 
"h = 8 me$ ( praise4 ,new /ores (       
hi/oric facts & data may be reckon$     
among ! rec5t acquisitions ( ! labori\s 
ar*eologi/2 new f\nta9s ( religi\s      
hi/ory h rec5tly be5 unseal$1 :i* h _h !
 effect to reveal _m errors & false     
claims set up = ! curr5t religion (     
,*ri/5dom--a religion long reg>d$ z     
settl$ & /]eotyp$4 ,= _m c5turies       
subsequ5t to ! e/abli%m5t ( ! ,*ri/ian  
religion1 b little 0 kn[n by its        
disciples ( ! "*1 claims & doctr9es ( ! 
ori5tal sy/ems ( wor%ip4 ,^! religions1 
9 fact1 7 sc>cely kn[n to exi/1 because 

!y _h long be5 veil$ 9 secrecy4 ,!y 7   
f\nd1 9 "s cases1 en%r9$ 9 religi\s     
books pr9t$ or writt5 9 a language s v  
anci5t & obscure1 z to bid defiance =   
c5turies to ! labors ( ! mo/            
indefatigable1 pr(\nd & erudite         
ar*eological s*ol> to deciph] x4 ,t     
ob/acle is n[ p>tially surm\nt$4  ,!    
rec5t translation = ! fir/ "t ( ! ,h9doo
 ,v$as into ! ,engli% language 7! olde/ 
bible n[ extant or ev] writt57 has      
reveal$ to ! unwelcome gaze ( ! ,*ri/ian
 read] ! />tl+ fact t ! hea!n _h long   
be5 9 possession ( holy books1 possess+ 
ess5tially ! same "*1 & tea*+ ess5tially
 ! same doctr9es z ! ,*ri/ian bible--!re
 be+1 z ,horace ,greeley express$ x1 ,no
 doctr9e ( ,*ri/ianity b :at has be5    
anticipat$ by ! ,v$as4 7,see ,vol4      
,,ii41 ,*ap4 i1 ( ?is "w47  ,if1 !n1 ?is
 hea!n bible 7compil$1 accord+ to !     
,*ri/ian mission>y1 ,rev4 ,d4 ,g ,all51 
#adjj ,b4 ,c471 conta9s all ! doctr9es (
 ,*ri/ianity1 !n away goes ov] ! dam all
 claim = ! ,*ri/ian bible z an orig9al  

bible z an orig9al revelation1 or a "w (
 div9e inspiration4  ,bibles are ?us %[n
 to be ( hea!n & human orig91 in/ead (  
heav5ly & div9e au?or%ip1 z claim$ = !m 
by _! respective disciples--! ,*ri/ian  
bible =m+ no exception to ?is /atem5t4  
,! latt]1 be+ ess5tially l o!r bibles1 x
 mu/1 ( c\rse1 h _h ! same or a simil>  
orig9--a fact :i*1 ?\gh x may be new &  
/>tl+ to millions1 w be univ]sally      
accept$ z tru? be=e ! lapse ( _m        
g5]ations1 & a fact :i* confronts ) op5 
d5ial ! claims ( two hundr$ millions (  
,*ri/ian pr(essors1 :o ass]t )          
unscrupul\s boldness t e doctr9e1       
pr9ciple & precept ( _! bible is ( div9e
 emanation4  ,h[ utt]ly gr\ndless &     
unt5able is su* a claim :5 arrang$ by ! 
side ( mod]n discov]ies 9 religi\s      
hi/ory6  ,equally unsupportable is !    
decl>ation t !re is no o!r "n giv5 "u   
heav5 :]eby m5 c be sav$1 ?an t ( ,jesus
 ,*ri/ & him crucifi$1 :5 view$ 9 !     
light ( ! mod]n explorations ( ,sir     
,godfrey ,higg9s1 :i* h disclos$ !      

hi/ory ( ne>ly a score ( crucifi$ ,gods 
& s9-aton+ ,saviors1 :o1 we h equal     
pro(1 di$ = ! s9s ( mank9d4  ,?us1 ! two
 prime articles ( ! ,*ri/ian            
fai?--,revelation & ,crucifixion--are   
=ev] e/abli%$ z human & hea!n           
conceptions4 ,& ! hope might be         
reasonably ent]ta9$ t ! important       
hi/orical facts disclos$ 9 ?is "w w h ! 
effect to op5 ! eyes ( ! pr(essors ( !  
,*ri/ian religion to see _! s]i\s error 
9 putt+ =? su* exalt$ claims = _! bible 
& _! religion z t ( be+ p]fect products 
( inf9ite wisdom1 did n ! pa/ hi/ory (  
all religi\s c\ntries furni% sad pro( t 
reason & logic1 & ev5 ! mo/ cog5t &     
conv9c+ facts ( sci5ce & hi/ory (t5     
prove p[]less :5 array$ aga9/ a religi\s
 conviction1 en/amp$ ^u ! m9d = ?\s&s ( 
ye>s 9 ! pa/1 & transmitt$ f p>5t to    
*ild until x has gr[n to a colossal     
/ature1 & become a "p ( ! liv+ tissues (
 ! s\l4  ,no matt] h[ gl>+ly absurd1 h[ 
palpably errone\s1 or h[ demon/rably    
false an op9ion or doctr9e is %[n to be1

 !y _c see x1 b w /ill cont9ue to hug x 
to _! bosoms z a div9ely-reveal$ tru?4  
,no facts or evid5ce c prove an ov]mat* 
= ! inh]it$ convictions ( a ?\s&        
g5]ations4 ,9 ?is respect ! ,mahom$an1 !
 ,h9doo & ! ,*ri/ian all /& ^u a level4 
,x is ab\t z easy to conv9ce "o z ! o!r 
( _! easily demon/rat$ errors4          
,,religion ,,( ,,natural ,,orig94       
,among ! num]\s errors traceable 9 !    
hi/ory ( e religi\s sect1 commemorat$ 9 
! annals ( ! _w1 none possesses a m     
s]i\s "*1 or has be5 att5d$ ) m         
deplorable consequ5ces1 ?an t ( assign+ 
a wrong orig9 to religion4 ,e bible1 e  
sect1 e cre$1 e cate*ism1 & e or?odox   
s]mon tea*es t religion is ! gift (     
,god1 t x is infus$ into ! s\l by ! _s &
 p[] ( ! ,"l4 ,nev] 0 a great] mi/ake   
ev] committ$4 ,e /ud5t ( an?ropology1 e 
p]son :o has read any ( ! num]\s mod]n  
works on m5tal sci5ce1 & te/$ _!        
easily-demon/rat$ facts1 kn[s t religion
 is ( natural & n sup]natural orig92 t x
 is a natural elem5t ( ! human m9d1 & n 

a direct gift f ,god2 t x gr[s z        
spontane\sly out ( ! s\l z fl[]s spr+   
out ( ! gr\nd4 ,x is z natural z eat+1  
sleep+ or brea?+4 ,?is conclusion is n !
 (fspr+ ( m]e imag9ation4 ,x is no      
ha/ily-concoct$ !ory1 b an (t-demon/rat$
 & sci5tifically-e/abli%$ fact1 :i* any 
p]son c te/ ! tru? ( = himself4  ,& ?is 
mod]n discov]y w1 at no di/ant day1     
revolutionize all sy/ems ( religi\s fai?
 9 exi/5ce1 & ei!r dissolve & dissipate 
!m1 or modify & e/abli% !m ^u a m       
natural & endur+ basis1 expurgat$ ( _!  
dogmatic errors4  ,let u1 !n1 labor to  
bani% ! wide-spread delusion believ$ &  
taught by a ?\s& sy/ems ( wor%ip--,jew1 
,pagan & ,*ri/ian--t religion is (      
sup]natural or div9e orig91 & ! _m ru9\s
 errors2 s5seless dogmas & deplorable   
s\l-cru%+ sup]/itions s ?or\ghly        
inwr\ght into ! ,*ri/ian sy/em w vani% l
 fog be=e ! morn+ sun1 & be replac$ by a
 religion :i* s5sible1 intellig5t &     
sci5tific m5 & wom5 c accept1 & w       
delight to honor & practice4            

,,address ,,to ,,! ,,cl]gy4  ,,fri5ds & 
bre?r5--tea*]s ( ! ,*ri/ian fai?3 ,w y  
believe u :5 we tell y ! div9e claims ( 
y\r religion are gone--all swept away by
 ! logic ( hi/ory1 & nullifi$ by !      
demon/rations ( sci5ce8  ,! rec5tly op5$
 f\nta9s ( hi/oric law1 _m ( ^: pot5t   
facts w be f\nd int]sp]s$ ?r\gh ! pages 
( ?is "w1 sweep away ! la/ in* ( gr\nd  
on :i* c be pr$icat$ ! lea/ %[ = ei!r ! 
div9e orig9 ( ! ,*ri/ian religion1 or ! 
div9ity ( ,jesus ,*ri/4  ,= ^! facts    
demon/rate beyond all cavil & criticism1
 & ) a logical =ce :i* c leave n !      
ve/ige ( a d\bt ^u any unbias$ m9d1 t   
all its doctr9es are an outgr[? f old]  
hea!n sy/ems4 ,sev]al sy/ems ( religion 
ess5tially ! same 9 "* & _s z t religion
 n[ kn[n z ,*ri/ianity1 & sett+ =? !    
same doctr9es1 pr9ciples & precepts1 &  
sev]al p]sonages fill+ a *apt] 9 hi/ory 
almo/ id5tical ) t ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 x is 
n[ kn[n to ^? :o are up ) ! discov]ies &
 intellig5ce ( ! age1 7 v5]at$ 9 ! ,ea/ 
c5turies be=e a religion call$ ,*ri/ian1

 or a p]sonage call$ ,jesus ,*ri/ 7 kn[n
 to hi/ory4  ,w y n1 !n1 give x up t y\r
 religion is m]ely a human production1  
recon/ruct$ f hea!n mat]ials--f ori5tal 
sy/ems sev]al ?\s& ye>s old] ?an        
y\rs--or w y cont9ue1 9 spite ( !       
unanim\s & unalt]able v]dict ( hi/ory1  
sci5ce1 facts & logic1 to proclaim to ! 
_w ! n[ hi/orically demon/rat$ error :i*
 y h s long prea*$1 t ,god is ! au?or ( 
y\r religion1 & ,jesus ,*ri/ a          
,deity-begott5 ,messiah8 ,?\gh y may h  
h]et(ore hone/ly believ$ ^! doctr9es to 
be true1 y c n[ no long] plead ignorance
 z an excuse = propagat+ su* gigantic & 
s]i\s errors1 z !y are n[ ov]:elm+ly    
demon/rat$ by a ?\s& facts ( hi/ory to  
be untrue4 ,y mu/ ab&on su* exalt$      
claims = y\r religion1 or po/]ity w m>k 
y z be+ bl9d lead]s ( ! bl9d4 ,!y w heap
 ^u y\r honor$ names _! unmitigat$      
ridicule & condemnation4 ,!y w *>ge y z 
be+ ei!r deplorably ignorant1 or        
disloyal to ! cause ( tru?4 ,& %ame &   
ignom9y w be y\r portion4  ,! foll[+    

propositions 7fatal to y\r claims =     
,*ri/ianity7 are e/abli%$ beyond        
confutation by ! hi/orical facts cit$ 9 
?is "w1 viz3--  #a4 ,!re 7 _m cases ( ! 
miracul\s bir? ( ,gods report$ 9 hi/ory 
be=e ! case ( ,jesus ,*ri/4  #b ,also _m
 o!r cases ( ,gods be+ born ( virg9     
mo!rs4  #c4 ,_m ( ^! ,gods1 l ,*ri/1 7  
7reput$ly7 born on ! #be? ( ,decemb]4   
#d4 ,_! adv5t into ! _w1 l t ( ,jesus   
,*ri/1 is 9 _m cases claim$ to h be5    
=etold by inspir$ prophets4  #e4 ,/>s   
figur$ at ! bir? ( sev]al ( !m1 z 9 !   
case ( ,*ri/4  #f4 ,also angels1        
%eph]ds1 & magi1 or wise m54  #g4 ,_m ( 
!m1 l ,*ri/1 7 claim$ to be ( royal or  
pr9cely desc5t4  #h4 ,_! lives1 l 81 7  
also ?reat5$ 9 infancy by ! rul] ( !    
c\ntry4  #i4 ,sev]al ( !m1 l him1 gave  
e>ly pro( ( div9ity4  #aj4 ,&1 l him1   
retir$ f ! _w & fa/$4  #aa4 ,also1 l    
him1 decl>$1 ,my k+dom is n ( ?is _w4   
#ab4 ,"s ( !m prea*$ a spiritual        
religion1 too1 l 84  #ac4 ,& 7 ano9t$ ) 
oil1 l him4  #ad4 ,_m ( !m1 l him1 7    

crucifi$ = ! s9s ( ! _w4  #ae4 ,& aft]  
?ree days' int]m5t rose f ! dead4  #af4 
,&1 f9ally1 l him1 are report$ z asc5d+ 
back to heav54  #ag4 ,! same viol5t     
convulsions ( nature at ! crucifixion ( 
sev]al are report$4  #ah4 ,!y 7 ne>ly   
all call$ ,saviors1 ,son ( ,god1        
,messiah1 ,r$eem]1 ,"l1 c4  #ai4 ,ea* "o
 0 ! second memb] ( ! tr9ity ( ,fa!r1   
,son & ,holy ,gho/4  #bj4 ,! doctr9es ( 
,orig9al ,s91 ,fall ( ,man1 ,!          
,atonem5t1 ,! ,tr9ity1 ,! ,^w1          
,=giv5ess1 ,an ,angry ,god1 ,future     
,endless ,puni%m5t1 etc41 etc4 7see !   
au?or's ,biography ( ,satan17 7 a "p ( !
 religion ( ea* ( ^! s9-aton+ ,gods1 z  
f\nd set =? 9 sev]al ori5tal bibles &   
holy books1 simil> 9 "* & _s to !       
,*ri/ian's bible1 & writt51 l x1 by     
inspir$ & holy m5 be=e ! "t ( ei!r ,*ri/
 or ,moses 7be=e ,moses1 9 "s cases1 at 
lea/74 ,all ^! doctr9es & decl>ations1 &
 _m o!rs n "h enum]at$1 ! hi/orical     
citations ( ?is "w abundantly prove1 7  
taught 9 v>i\s ori5tal hea!n nations    

c5turies be=e ! bir? ( ,*ri/1 or be=e   
,*ri/ianity1 z a religion1 0 kn[n 9 !   
_w4  ,w y1 !n1 aft] le>n+ ^! facts1     
long] d>e ass]t t ,*ri/ianity is ( div9e
 emanation1 or claim a special div9e    
pat]nity = its au?or4 ,only ! prie/1 :o 
loves 8 sal>y m ?an ! cause ( tru? 7& ,i
 fe> ?is class are num]\s17 or :o is    
deplorably ignorant ( hi/ory1 w h !     
effront]y or audacity to d s4 ,= !      
hi/orical facts h]e9 set =? z cle>ly    
prove su* assumptions to be false1 z    
figures c demon/rate ! tru? ( any       
ma!matical problem4 ,& no logic c       
ov]?r[1 & no sophi/ry c set aside ^!    
facts4  ,!y w /& till ! end ( "t 9 spite
 ( y\r ef=ts ei!r to evade1 ignore1 or  
invalidate !m4  ,we w "h briefly /ate3--
   ,,:y ,,all ,,! ,,anci5t ,,religions  
,,7 ,,alike4  ,two causes are obvi\sly  
assignable = ,*ri/ianity 9 all its      
ess5tial features & phases1 be+ s       
/rik+ly simil> to ! anci5t pagan sy/ems 
:i* prec$$ x1 z also ! close analogies (
 all ! pr9cipal sy/ems1 ^: doctr9es &   

practical tea*+s h f\nd a place on !    
pages ( hi/ory4  #a4 ,! prim>y &        
con/itu5t elem5ts & prop]ties ( human   
nature be+ ess5tially ! same 9 all      
c\ntries & all c5turies1 & ! feel+ call$
 ,religion be+ a spontane\s outgr[? ( ! 
devotional elem5ts ( ! human m9d1 !     
co9cid5ce w\ld naturally produce simil> 
feel+s1 simil> ?\ghts1 simil> views &   
simil> doctr9es on ! subject ( religion 
9 diff]5t c\ntries1 h[ev] widely        
sep>at$4 ,?is acc\nts 9 "p = ! analog\s 
features obs]vable 9 all ! prim>y sy/ems
 ( religi\s fai?1 :i* h fl\ri%$ 9 ! pa/ 
ages4  #b4 ,a m pot5t cause1 h[ev]1 = ! 
proximate id5tity ext5d+ to su* an      
elaborate detail1 z is ev9c$ by ! =ego+ 
s*$ule1 is f\nd 9 ! hi/orical incid5t   
:i* br\ght ! disciples ( ! v>i\s sy/ems 
( wor%ip toge!r1 face to face1 9 ! !n   
gr& religi\s emporium ( ! _w--! royal & 
r5[n$ city ( ,alex&ria1 ! capital (     
,egypt ,"h1 drawn toge!r by v>i\s       
motives & influ5ces1 ! devotee ( ,india 
7! dev\t disciple ( ,buddhism71 !       

ev]-pray]ful wor%ipp] ( ,mi?ra1 !       
,m$iator1 ! repres5tatives ( ! crucifi$ 
,quexalcoate ( ,mexico1 ! self-d5y+     
,ess5e1 ! sup]/iti\s ,egyptian1 ! godly 
,*aldean1 ! imitative ,judean f\nd]s (  
,*ri/ianity1 & ! disciples ( o!r        
s9-aton+ ,gods1 met & int]*ang$ ideas1  
discuss$ _! v>i\s dogmas1 remold$ _!    
doctr9es1 & reca/ & rehabilitat$ _!     
sy/ems ( religi\s fai? by borr[+ f ea*  
o!r1 & f o!r sy/ems !re repres5t$4 ,9   
?is way all became rem>kably simil> &   
alike 9 all _! doctr9es & details4 ,&   
?us ! my/]y is solv$1 & ! s+ul>         
resemblance ( all ! anci5t sy/ems (     
religion satisfactorily acc\nt$ =4 7,= a
 full] explanation ( ?is matt]1 see     
,*apt]s ,,xxx4 & ,,xxxi4 ( ?is "w47  ,9 
conclusion1 please note ! foll[+        
po9ts3--  #a4 ,! religi\s conceptions ( 
! ,old ,te/am5t are z easily trac$ to   
hea!n s\rces z ^? ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,b 
we are compell$ to exclude su* an       
exposition f ?is "w4  #b4 ,! comp>ative 
exhibition ( ! doctr9es & tea*+s ( tw5ty

 bibles :i* proves !m to be 9 _! lead+  
features ess5tially alike 7orig9ally    
design$ = ?is volume71 is f\nd to be1 :5
 complet$1 ( suffici5t magnitude to     
con/itute a volume ( itself4  #c4 ,"h ,i
 desire to impress ^u ! m9ds ( my       
cl]ical bre?r5 ! important fact1 t !    
gospel hi/ories ( ,*ri/ 7 writt5 by m5  
:o _h =m]ly be5 ,jews 7see ,acts xxi4   
#bj71 & probably possess+ ! /rong       
proclivity to imitate & borr[ :i* _!    
bible %[s 0 *>act]i/ic ( t nation2 & be+
 writt5 _m ye>s aft] ,*ri/'s dea?1      
accord+ to t /&>d ,*ri/ian au?or1 ,dr4  
,l>dn]1 x 0 impossible1 "u su*          
circum/ances1 = !m to sep>ate 7if !y _h 
desir$ to7 ! real facts & ev5ts ( 8 life
 f ! innum]able fictions & fables !n    
afloat ev]y:]e relative to ! hea!n ,gods
 :o _h pre-enact$ a simil> hi/ory4 ,two 
reasons are ?us furni%$ = _! con/ruct+ a
 hi/ory ( ,*ri/ almo/ id5tical ) t ( o!r
 ,gods1 z %[n 9 *apt]s ,,xxx41 ,,xxxi4 &
 ,,xxxii4 ( ?is "w4  #d4 ,! s+ul> &     
s5seless def5se ( y\r n[ tott]+ sy/em we

 h kn[n to be attempt$ by memb]s ( y\r  
ord]1 by ! self-complac5t soliloquy     
,*ri/ianity1 :e!r div9e or human1 is    
good en\gh = me4 ,b su* a subt]fuge     
betrays bo? a weak m9d & a weak cause4  
,! disciples ( all ! ori5tal sy/ems     
*]i%$ a simil> feel+ & a simil> s5tim5t4
 ,& ! delud$ foll[]s ( ,brigham ,"y     
exclaim$ 9 l mann]1 ,i want no?+ bett]  
?an ,mormonism4 ,snakes1 liz>ds & frogs 
are good en\gh = me1 a ,s\? ,sea ,isl&] 
once exclaim$ to a mission>y1 :5 a re=m 
diet 0 propos$4 ,su* logic1 if          
univ]sally adopt$1 w\ld keep ! _w       
et]nally 9 b>b>ism4 ,no progress c be   
made :]e su* s5tim5ts prevail4 ,! tru?  
is1 no sy/em ( religion1 :atev] its     
o/5sible m>ks ( p]fection1 c long rema9 
good en\gh = aspir+ & progressive m9ds1 
unless occasionally improv$1 l o!r      
in/itutions4 ,& !n x %\ld be borne 9    
m9d1 t our controv]sy does n app]ta9 s  
mu* to ! "* z to ! orig9 ( ! ,*ri/ian   
religion4 ,our _m incontrov]tible pro(s1
 t x is ( human & hea!n orig91 proves at

 ! same "t t x is an imp]fect sy/em1 & z
 su*1 ne$+ occasional improvem5t1 l o!r 
in/itutions4 ,& its assum$ p]fection &  
div9e orig9 :i* h always gu>d$ x f      
improvem5t1 amply acc\nts = its pres5t  
corrupt1 immoral1 decl9+ & dy+          
condition4 ,& x w ere long die )        
p>alysis1 unless its assumption ( div9e 
p]fection is soon ex*ang$ = ! pr9ciples 
( improvem5t & recon/ruction4 ,?is      
policy alone c save x4  #e4 ,we w "h    
notice ano!r feeble1 futile & fooli%    
exp$i5t we h kn[n resort$ to by p]sons (
 y\r ord] to save y\r s9k+ cause :5 !   
evid5ce is pres5t$ ) su* cog5cy z to    
admit ( no dispro(1 t all ! important   
doctr9es ( ,*ri/ianity 7 taught by old] 
hea!n sy/ems be=e ! era ( ,*ri/ ,! plea 
is1 t ^? sy/ems 7 m]e types1 or         
ante-types1 ( ! ,*ri/ian religion4 ,b   
?is plea is ( itself a borr[$ subt]fuge 
( hea!nism1 & is moreov] devoid (       
evid5ce4 ,! anci5t ,egyptians1 also !   
,greeks1 claim$ t ,brahm9ism 0 a type1  
or ante-type1 ( _! religi\s sy/ems4 ,&  

,mahom$ans n[ claim t bo? ,judaism &    
,*ri/ianity 7 design$ by ,god z =e%ad[+ 
types ( religion ( ! ,koran4 ,& !       
disciples ( m ?an a ?\s& sy/ems (       
religion :i* h fl\ri%$ 9 pa/ ages1 c\ld 
h made su* logic equally available 9    
%[+1 9 ea* case1 t e sy/em prec$+ !irs 0
 design$ by ,inf9ite ,wisdom z simply a 
typical or ante-typical =]unn] ( !irs4  
,h[ ridicul\s & s5seless1 !re=e1 is !   
argum5t ?us %[n to be :5 critically     
exam9$ 9 ! light ( hi/ory6 ,s mu* s z   
sc>cely to m]it a s]i\s notice4  #f4 ,"h
 p]mit u to say t we believe ,*ri/ianity
 to be n only ( human orig91 b ( natural
 orig9 also2 ,i t is1 a natural outgr[?1
 l o!r sy/ems1 ( ! religi\s elem5ts ( ! 
human m9d--a hypo!sis :i* acc\nts mo/   
beautifully = ! num]\s human            
imp]fections n[ visible 9 ne>ly e l9e ( 
its tea*+s4  ,^? imp]fections correspond
 exactly to ! imp]fect m9ds :i* produc$ 
x4  #g4 ,& we believe t ! pr9ciple tea*]
 ( ,*ri/ianity1 ! man ,*ri/ ,jesus1     
possess$ a v exalt$ & sup]ior m9d = t   

age 9 ! moral & religi\s dep>tm5ts1 & 9 
! intellectual to "s ext5t also4 ,b 8   
sup]iority 9 ^! respects 0 n probably   
great] ?an t ( ,z]a ,colburn or ,h5ry   
,sal=d 9 ! ma!matical dep>tm5t4 ,& all  
probably d]iv$ _! peculi> extraord9>y   
traits ( m9d f ! same causes--t ( /rong 
psy*ological influ5ce impress$ ^u ! m9d 
( ! mo!rs prior to _! bir?s4 ,_h ^!     
ante-natal influ5ces be5 z well und]/ood
 !n z n[1 we presume ,*ri/ w\ld h escap$
 ! fate ( an exaltation to ! ,godhead4  
,! au?or1 /at+ ! above1 demon/rates t   
same      assumption ( a tru? :i* he    
criticises 9 !      ,*ri/ians1 ,moham$5s
 & o!r propon5ts ( religions4      ,ed4 
#h4 ,9 conclusion1 p]mit u to say t !   
num]\s & ov]:elm+ facts ( ?is "w r5d] x 
utt]ly impossible t ! exalt$ claims y   
put =? = y\r religion & its assum$ au?or
 7t ( a div9e "*7 c be true4 ,& po/]ity 
w s decide1 :e!r y d or n4  ,*]i%+ = y  
naught b feel+s ( k9dness & bro!rly     
love1 & desir+ to promote ! tru?1 we w  
answ] any "q1 or discuss any proposition

 embrac$ 9 ?is "w y may desire4  ,y\r   
bro!r1  ,k]sey ,graves4     ,,! ,,_w',s 
,,sixte5 ,,crucifi$ ,,saviors4          
,,*apt] ,i4 ,,rival ,,claims ,,( ,,!    
,,saviors  ,,x is claim$ by ! disciples 
( ,jesus ,*ri/1 t he 0 ( sup]natural &  
div9e orig92 t he _h a human be+ = a "m1
 & a ,god = 8 fa!r2 t1 al?\gh he 0      
woman-conceiv$1 he 0 ,deity-begott51 &  
mold$ 9 ! human =m1 b compreh5d+ 9      
ess5ce a full measure ( ! inf9ite       
,godhead2 ?us mak+ him half human & half
 div9e 9 8 sublun>y orig94 ,x is claim$ 
t he 0 full & p]fect ,god1 & p]fect man2
 & :ile he 0 ,god1 he 0 also ! son (    
,god1 & z su* 0 s5t d[n by 8 fa!r to    
save a fall5 & guilty _w2 & t ?us 8     
mission p]ta9$ to ! :ole human race2 & 8
 inspir$ se]s are made to decl>e t      
ultimately e nation1 tongue1 k9dr$1 & p 
"u heav5 w ackn[l$ge allegiance to 8    
gov]nm5t1 & conc$e 8 "r to reign & rule 
! _w2 t e knee mu/ b[1 & e tongue       
confess t ,jesus is ,"l1 to ! glory (   
,god ! ,fa!r4  ,b we d n f9d t ?is      

prophecy has ev] be5 or is likely to be 
fulfill$4 ,we d n obs]ve t ?is claim to 
! inf9ite deity%ip ( ,jesus ,*ri/ has   
be5 or is likely to be univ]sally       
conc$$4 ,on ! contr>y1 x is f\nd t by a 
portion1 & a l>ge portion ( ! p ( ev5 ^?
 nations n[ call$ ,*ri/ian1 ?is claim   
has be5 /eadily & unsw]v+ly controv]t$1 
?r\gh ! :ole l9e ( hi/ory1 /ret*+ ?r\gh 
! ne>ly two ?\s& ye>s :i* h elaps$ s9ce 
8 adv5t to e>?4  ,ev5 "s ( ^? :o are    
repres5t$ to h be5 p]sonally acqua9t$ ) 
him--aye6 "s ( 8 own bre?r5 9 ! fle%1   
*ildr5 9 ! same h\sehold1 *ildr5 ( !    
same "m--_h ! tem]ity to "q ! t5abl5ess 
( 8 claim to a div9e emanation4 ,& :5 we
 ext5d our rese>*es to o!r c\ntries1 we 
f9d ?is claim1 s f> f be+ conc$$1 is    
d5i$ & conte/$ by :ole nations ^u o!r   
gr\nds4 ,x is met & confront$ by rival  
claims4  ,^u ?is gr\nd hundr$s (        
millions ( ! e/abli%$ believ]s 9 div9e  
revelation--hundr$s ( millions (        
believ]s 9 ! div9e "* & orig9 (         
religion--eject ! pret5tions set up =   

,jesus ,*ri/4 ,!y admit bo? a ,god & a  
,savior1 b d n accept ,jesus ( ,naz>e? z
 be+ ei!r4 ,!y admit a ,messiah1 b n !  
,messiah2 ^! nations cont5d t ! title is
 misplac$ :i* makes ! man ,*ri/ ,jesus !
 ,savior ( ! _w4 ,!y claim to h be5     
honor$ ) ! bir? ( ! true ,savior among  
!m1 & def5d ?is claim ^u ! gr\nd (      
priority ( date4 ,!y av] t ! adv5t ( _! 
,messiahs 7 long prior to t ( !         
,*ri/ians'1 & t ?is circum/ance         
adjudicates = !m a sup]iority ( claim z 
to hav+ _h ! true ,messiah born ^u _!   
soil4  ,x is argu$ t1 z ! /ory ( !      
inc>nation ( ! ,*ri/ians' ,savior is ( m
 rec5t date ?an t ( ^! ori5tal & anci5t 
religions 7z is conc$$ by ,*ri/ians     
!mselves71 ! orig9 ( ! =m] is ?us       
indicat$ & =e%ad[$ z be+ an outgr[? f1  
if n a plagi>ism ^u ! latt]--a borr[$   
copy1 ( :i* ! pagan /ories furni% !     
orig9al4 ,"h1 !n1 we obs]ve a rival%ip (
 claims1 z to :i* ( ! rem>kable         
p]sonages :o h figur$ 9 ! _w z ,saviors1
 ,messiahs1 & ,sons ( ,god1 9 diff]5t   

ages & diff]5t c\ntries1 c be consid]$ !
 true ,savior & s5t ( ,god or :e!r all  
%\ld be1 or ! claims ( all reject$4  ,= 
rese>*es into ori5tal hi/ory reveal !   
rem>kable fact t /ories ( inc>nate ,gods
 answ]+ to & resembl+ ! miracul\s "* (  
,jesus ,*ri/ h be5 preval5t 9 mo/ if n  
all ! pr9cipal religi\s hea!n nations ( 
antiquity2 & ! acc\nts & n>rations ( "s 
( ^! deific inc>nations be> su* a /rik+ 
resemblance to t ( ! ,*ri/ian ,savior--n
 only 9 _! g5]al features1 b 9 "s cases 
9 ! mo/ m9ute details1 f ! leg5d ( !    
immaculate conception to t ( !          
crucifixion1 & subsequ5t asc5sion into  
heav5--t "o might almo/ be mi/ak5 = !   
o!r4  ,m ?an tw5ty claims ( ?is         
k9d--claims ( be+s inve/$ ) div9e honor 
7deifi$7--h come =w>d & pres5t$ !mselves
 at ! b> ( ! _w ) _! cr$5tials1 to      
conte/ ! v]dict ( ,*ri/5dom1 9 hav+     
proclaim$ ,jesus ,*ri/1 ! only son1 &   
s5t ( ,god3 tw5ty ,messiahs1 ,saviors1 &
 ,sons ( ,god1 accord+ to hi/ory or     
tradition1 h1 9 pa/ times1 desc5d$ f    

heav51 & tak5 ^u !mselves ! =m ( m51    
clo?+ !mselves ) human fle%1 & furni%+  
inconte/able evid5ce ( a div9e orig91 by
 v>i\s miracles1 m>vel\s works1 &       
sup]lative virtues2 & f9ally ^! tw5ty   
,jesus ,*ri/s 7accept+ _! "* = ! "n7    
laid ! f\ndation = ! salvation ( ! _w1 &
 asc5d$ back to heav54  #a4 ,*ri%na (   
,h9do/an4  #b4 ,budha ,sakia ( ,india4  
#c4 ,salivahana ( ,b]muda4  #d4 ,zulis1 
or ,zhule1 also ,osiris & ,orus1 (      
,egypt4  #e4 ,od9 ( ! ,sc&9avians4  #f4 
,crite ( ,*aldea4  #g4 ,zoroa/] & ,mi?ra
 ( ,p]sia4  #h4 ,baal & ,taut1 ! only   
,begott5 ( ,god1 ( ,ph5icia4  #i4 ,indra
 ( ,?ibet4  #aj4 ,bali ( ,afghani/an4   
#aa4 ,jao ( ,nepaul4  #ab4 ,wittoba ( ! 
,bil+onese4  #ac4 ,?ammuz ( ,syria4     
#ad4 ,atys ( ,phrygia4  #ae4 ,xamolxis (
 ,?race4  #af4 ,zo> ( ! ,bonzes4  #ag4  
,adad ( ,assyria4  #ah4 ,deva ,tat1 &   
,sammonocadam ( ,siam4  #ai4 ,alcides ( 
,!bes4  #bj4 ,mikado ( ! ,s9toos4  #ba4 
,b$dru ( ,japan4  #bb ,hesus or ,eros1 &
 ,bremrillah1 ( ! ,druids4  #bc4 ,?or1  

son ( ,od91 ( ! ,gauls4  #bd4 ,cadmus ( 
,greece4  #be4 ,hil & ,feta ( !         
,m&aites4  #bf4 ,g5taut & ,quexalcote ( 
,mexico4  #bg4 ,univ]sal ,mon>* ( !     
,sibyls4  #bh4 ,is*y ( ! ,isl& ( ,=mosa4
  #bi4 ,div9e ,tea*] ( ,plato4  #cj4    
,holy ,"o ( ,xaca4  #ca4 ,fohi & ,ti5 ( 
,*9a4  #cb4 ,adonis1 son ( ! virg9 ,io (
 ,greece4  #cc4 ,ixion & ,quir9us (     
,rome4  #cd4 ,prome!us ( ,caucasus4     
#ce4 ,mohamud1 or ,mahomet1 ( ,arabia4  
,^! h all receiv$ div9e honors1 h ne>ly 
all be5 wor%ip$ z ,gods1 or sons ( ,god2
 7 mo/ly inc>nat$ z ,*ri/s1 ,saviors1   
,messiahs1 or ,m$iators2 n a few ( !m 7 
reput$ly born ( virg9s2 "s ( !m fill+ a 
"* almo/ id5tical ) t ascrib$ by !      
,*ri/ian's bible to ,jesus ,*ri/2 _m (  
!m1 l him1 are report$ to h be5         
crucifi$2 & all ( !m1 tak5 toge!r1      
furni% a prototype & p>allel = ne>ly e  
important incid5t & wond]-incit+        
miracle1 doctr9e & precept record$ 9 !  
,new ,te/am5t1 ( ! ,*ri/ian's ,savior4  
,surely1 ) s _m ,saviors ! _w _c1 or    

%\ld n1 be lo/4  ,we h n[ pres5t$ be=e u
 a two-fold gr\nd = d\bt+ & disput+ !   
claims put =? by ! ,*ri/ian _w 9 behalf 
( ,our ,"l & ,savior ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,9 ! 
fir/ place1 all[+ ! "q to be answ]$ 9 ! 
affirmative z to :e!r he 0 really a     
,savior1 or sup]natural be+1 or m ?an a 
m]e man1 a negative answ] to :i* seems  
to h be5 sprung 7z previ\sly intimat$7  
at ! v h\r ( 8 bir?1 & t by 8 k9dr$1 8  
own ne>e/ relatives2 z x is decl>$1 8   
own bre?r5 did n believe on him--a      
skepticism :i* has be5 gr[+ deep] &     
broad] f t day to ?is4  ,& n[1 ^u ! heel
 ( ?is "q1 we f9d ano!r =midable qu]y to
 be met & answ]$1 viz43 ,0 he 7,*ri/7 ! 
only ,savior1 see+ t a multitude (      
simil> claims are n[ ^u our c\ncil-bo>d 
to be dispos$ (8  ,we %all1 h[ev]1 leave
 ! !ologians ( ! v>i\s religi\s s*ools  
to adju/ & settle ?is difficulty among  
!mselves4 ,we %all leave !m to settle ! 
"q z be/ !y c z to :e!r ,jesus ,*ri/ 0 !
 only son & s5t ( ,god--! only begott5 (
 ! ,fa!r1 z ,john decl>es him to be     

7,john i4 #ad7--;9 view ( ! fact t long 
prior to 8 "t v>i\s p]sonages1 9 diff]5t
 nations1 7 inve/$ ) ! title ,son (     
,god1 & h left beh9d !m simil> pro(s &  
cr$5tials ( ! ju/ness ( _! claims to su*
 a title1 if be+ ess5tially alike--z we 
%all prove & demon/rate !m to be--c make
 _! claims simil>4  ,we %all pres5t an  
array ( facts & hi/orical pro(s1 drawn f
 num]\s hi/ories & ! ,holy ,scriptures &
 bibles app]ta9+ to ^! v>i\s ,saviors1 &
 :i* include a hi/ory ( _! lives &      
doctr9es1 t w g to %[ t 9 ne>ly all _!  
lead+ features1 & mo/ly ev5 9 _!        
details1 !y are /rik+ly simil>4  ,a     
comp>ison1 or p>allel view1 ext5d$ ?r\gh
 _! sacr$ hi/ories1 s z to include an   
exhibition pres5t$ 9 p>allels ( ! tea*+s
 ( _! respective bibles1 w\ld make x    
cle>ly manife/ t1 ) respect to ne>ly e  
important ?\ght1 de$1 ^w1 action1       
doctr9e1 pr9ciple1 precept1 t5et1       
ritual1 ord9ance or c]emony1 & ev5 !    
v>i\s important *>act]s or p]sonages1 :o
 figure 9 _! religi\s dramas z ,saviors1

 prophets1 apo/les1 angels1 devils1     
demons1 exalt$ or fall5 g5ii--9 a ^w1   
ne>ly e miracul\s or m>vel\s /ory1 moral
 precept1 or t5et ( religi\s fai?1      
notic$ 9 ei!r ! ,old or ,new ,te/am5t   
,scriptures ( ,*ri/5dom--f ! ,jewi%     
cosmogony1 or /ory ( creation 9 ,g5esis1
 to ! la/ leg5d>y tale 9 ,/4 ,john's    
,arabian ,nights 7alias !               
,apocalypse7--!re is to be f\nd an      
antitype =1 or outl9e (1 some:]e 9 !    
sacr$ records or bibles ( ! ori5tal     
hea!n nations1 mak+ equal if n high]    
pret5tion to a div9e emanation & div9e  
inspiration1 & admitt$ by all hi/orians1
 ev5 ! mo/ or?odox1 to be ( mu* m anci5t
 date2 = :ile ,*ri/ians only claim1 = ! 
e>?ly adv5t ( _! ,savior & ! bir? ( _!  
religion1 a p]iod less ?an n9ete5 hundr$
 ye>s 9 ! pa/1 on ! contr>y1 mo/ ( !    
deific or div9e inc>nations ( ! hea!n & 
_! respective religions are1 by !       
concurr5t & unit$ v]dict ( all hi/ory1  
assign$ a date sev]al hundr$ or sev]al  
?\s& ye>s e>li]1 ?us leav+ ! inf]5ce    

pat5t t s f> z !re has be5 any borr[+ or
 transf] ( mat]ials f "o sy/em to ano!r1
 ,*ri/ianity has be5 ! borr[]4  ,& z    
ne>ly ! :ole outl9e & con/itu5t p>ts ( !
 ,*ri/ian sy/em are f\nd scatt]$ ?r\gh  
^! old] sy/ems1 ! qu]y is at once sprung
 z to :e!r ,*ri/ianity did n d]ive its  
mat]ials f ^! s\rces--t is1 f hea!nism1 
in/ead ( f high heav5--z x claims4      
,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,messianic ,,prophecies  
,,ne>ly all religi\s hi/ory is prophetic
 ( ! com+ ( ,saviors1 ,messiahs1        
,r$eem]s1 & virg9-born ,gods4 ,mo/      
religi\s c\ntries1 & m ?an a score (    
religi\s sy/ems1 _h a /&+ prophecy t a  
div9e deliv]] w\ld desc5d f heav5 &     
relieve !m f _! depress$ /ate1 &        
ameliorate _! condition4 ,& 9 mo/ cases 
t prophecy 0 believ$ to h be5 fulfill$  
by ! bir? ( a be+1 :o1 z he approa*$ !  
goal ( moral & intellectual manhood     
exhibit$ su* rem>kable pro( ( sup]iority
 ( m9d z to be readily accept$ z !      
promis$ ,messiah4  ,we c only f9d room =
 a few citations & illu/rations 9 pro( (

 ?is /atem5t4 ,_m texts h be5 hunt$ out 
& m>k$ 9 ! ,*ri/ian bible1 by int]e/$   
prie/s1 z prophetic ( ! com+ & mission (
 ,*ri/4 ,b a ?or\gh1 c&id1 & imp>tial   
inve/igation w conv9ce any read] t none 
( ^! texts h ! remote/ allusion to      
,*ri/1 nor 7 !y int5d$ to h4 ,on !      
contr>y1 mo/ ( !m ref] to ev5ts already 
pa/4 ,! o!rs are ! m]e ebullitions (    
p5t-up feel+s hopefully pray]ful 9 _!   
anticipation ( bett] times1 b v         
indef9ite z to ! p]iod & ! ag5cies or   
means 9 :i*1 or by :i*1 ! desir$        
re=mation 0 to be br\ght ab\t4 ,a div9e 
man 0 pray$ = & hopefully expect$4 ,b no
 su* be+ z ,jesus ,*ri/ is anticipat$1  
or allud$ to1 or dream$ (1 by !         
prophecies4 ,& x requires ! mo/         
unw>rantable di/ortion to make "o text  
ref] to him4  ,b ?is p]v]sion has be5   
wr\ght on _m texts4 ,we w cite "o case 9
 pro(4 ,9 ,isaiah's fam\s prophecy      
s-call$1 ! phrase ,unto u a *ild is born
 7,isa4 ix4 #f71 ! context cle>ly %[s1  
ref]s to ! prophet's own *ild1 & ! pa/  

t5se1 is born1 is an evid5ce ! *ild 0 !n
 born4 ,& ! title ,mighty ,god1 f\nd 9 !
 text1 ,dr4 ,be>d %[s %\ld h be5        
translat$ ! ,mighty ,h]o1 ?us prov+ x   
has no ref]5ce to a ,god4 ,& ! ,ev]la/+ 
,fa!r %\ld h be5 r5d]$1 accord+ to ?is  
,*ri/ian writ]1 ! ,fa!r ( ! ,ev]la/+    
,age4 ,& o!r texts (t5 quot$ z          
prophecies by bias$ ,*ri/ian writ]s1 !  
doctor proves1 are errone\sly translat$1
 & h no m ref]5ce to ,*ri/ ?an to       
,mahomet4  ,x is true ! ,jews1 9 common 
) o!r nations1 *]i%$ /rong anticipations
 ( ! arrival ( a ,mighty ,deliv]] among/
 !m2 & ?is augu/ p]sonage "s ( !m       
suppos$ w\ld be a ,god1 or a ,god-man 7a
 demi-,god74 ,h5ce1 su* prophetic       
utt]ances z ,behold1 a k+ %all reign 9  
righte\sness 7,isa4 xxxii4 i71 ,& all   
nations %all fl[ unto ,zion 7,isa4 ii4  
#b74  ,! ,h9doo ,budhi/s long previ\sly 
indulg$ simil> anticipations ) respect  
to ! triumph ( _! religion4 ,h5ce1 _!   
se]s prophesi$ t at ! end ( ! ,cali ,yug
 p]iod1 a div9e *ild 7,avat>1 or        

,savior7 w\ld be born1 :o w\ld und]/& ! 
div9e writ+s 7! ,holy ,scriptures7 & !  
sci5ces1 )\t ! labor ( le>n+ !m4 ,he w  
supremely und]/& all ?+s4 ,he w relieve 
! e>? ( s91 & cause ju/ice & tru? to    
reign ev]y:]e4 ,& w br+ ! :ole e>? into 
! acceptance ( ! ,h9doo religion4 ,& !  
,h9doo prophet ,bala also pr$ict$ t a   
div9e ,savior w\ld become inc>nate 9 !  
h\se ( ,yadu1 & issue =? to mortal bir? 
f ! womb ( ,devaci 7a ,holy ,virg971 &  
relieve ! oppress$ e>? ( its load ( s9 &
 sorr[4 ,mu* m simil> language may be   
f\nd 9 _! holy bible1 ! ,v$as4 ,colonel 
,wil=d tells u ! adv5t ( _! ,savior     
,*ri%na occurr$ 9 exact fulfillm5t (    
prophecy f\nd 9 _! sacr$ books4  ,& !   
,*9ese bible also conta9s a numb] (     
,messianic prophecies4 ,9 "o ( ! five   
volumes a prophecy runs ?us3 ,! ,holy   
"o1 :5 he comes1 w unite 9 himself all !
 virtues ( heav5 & e>?4 ,by 8 ju/ice !  
_w w be e/abli%$ 9 righte\sness4 ,he w  
labor & suff] mu*14444 & w f9ally (f] up
 a sacrifice wor?y ( himself1 i4 e41    

wor?y ( a ,god4 ,& a s+ul> animal1 call$
 ! ,kil9 7signify+ ! ,lamb ( ,god71 0   
se5 9 ! y>d1 ) a /one 9 its m\?1 on :i* 
0 inscrib$ a prophecy ( ! ev5t4 ,& :5 ! 
"y ,god 7,*ang-ti7 0 born1 9 fulfillm5t 
( ?is prophecy1 heav5ly music1 & angels 
& %eph]ds att5d$ ! sc5e4 7,see ,hi/ory (
 ,*9a1 by ,m>t9us2 also ,halde's ,hi/ory
 ( ,*9a47  ,we w also give place to a   
,messianic prophecy ( ,p]sia4 ,mr4      
,fab]1 an ,engli% writ]1 9 8 ,hi/ory (  
,idolatry1 tells u t ,zoroa/]           
prophetically decl>$1 t ,a virg9 %\ld   
conceive & be> a son1 & a /> w\ld appe> 
blaz+ at midday to signalize !          
occurr5ce4 ,:5 y behold ! />1 said he to
 8 foll[]s1 foll[ x :i!rsoev] x leads y4
 ,adore ! my/]i\s *ild1 (f]+ him gifts )
 pr(\nd humility4 ,he is inde$ !        
,almighty ,^w :i* creat$ ! heav5s4 ,he  
is inde$ y\r ,"l & ev]la/+ ,r+ 7,fab]1  
vol4 ii4 p4 #ib74 ,abulf>agius1 9 8     
,hi/oria ,dyna/>ium1 & ,maurice1 9 8    
,indian ,skeptics ,refut$1 bo? speak (  
?is prophecy1 fulfill$1 accord+ to ,mr4 

,higg9s1 by ! adv5t ( ! ,p]sian &       
,*aldean ,god ,josa4 ,& ,*alcidus 7( !  
second c5tury71 9 8 ,comm5ts on ! ,times
 ( ,plato1 speaks ( a /> :i* presag$    
nei!r disease nor dea?1 b ! desc5t ( a  
,god among/ m51 & :i* is atte/$ by      
,*aldean a/ronom]s1 :o imm$iately ha/5$ 
to adore ! newborn deity1 & pres5t him  
gifts4  ,we are compell$ to omit1 = !   
want ( room1 ! notice ( num]\s          
,messianic prophecies f\nd 9 ! sacr$    
writ+s ( ,egypt1 ,greece1 ,rome1        
,mexico1 ,arabia1 & o!r c\ntries1 all ( 
:i* t5d to %[ t ! same prophetic _s     
p]vad$ all religi\s c\ntries1 reliable  
only to ! ext5t x might h issu$ f an    
int]ior spiritual vision1 or h be5      
illum9at$ by dep>t$ spirits4 ,& we f9d z
 mu* evid5ce t ^! pagan prophecies 7    
inspir$1 & also fulfill$1 z ^? f\nd 9   
,jew-,*ri/ian bible1 ?us r$uc+ all to a 
common level4 ,! possibility ( ! int]ior
 vision be+ exp&$ & illum9at$ by        
spiritual be+s1 s z to enable !         
possessor to =e/all ! occurr5ce ( future

 ev5ts1 we1 h[ev]1 by no means d5y1 s9ce
 we h abundant pro( ( x 9 connection ) !
 practical hi/ory ( mod]n spiritualism4 
7,see ,*apt] ,,xxxiv41 section #b74     
,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,prophecies ,,by ,,!    
,,figure ,,( ,a ,,s]p5t  ,! ,se$ ( !    
,woman ,bruis+ ! ,s]p5t's ,head4  ,,& ,i
 w put emnity betwe5 !e & ! woman1 &    
betwe5 ?y se$ & h] se$4 ,x %all bruise  
?y head1 & ?\ %all bruise 8 heel4 7,g54 
ill4 #ae47 ,?is text is (t5 cit$ by     
,*ri/ian writ]s & controv]siali/s z     
prefigur+ ! mission ( ! ,*ri/ian        
,savior1 viz41 ! de/ruction ( ! s]p5t1  
alias ! devil4 ,/4 ,john calls ! gr&    
adv]s>y ( s\ls :i* deceive? ! :ole _w1 !
 dragon1 ! s]p5t1 ! devil1 & ,satan4    
7,rev4 xii4 #h47 ,! s]p5t1 !n1 is !     
devil2 t is1 ! dragon1 ! s]p5t1 ! devil 
& ,satan are all "o4 ,! object ( ?is    
*apt] is to %[ ! orig9 ( ! s+ul> figure 
set =? 9 ! fir/ text quot$1 & to prove t
 ^? ,*ri/ian writ]s :o assume x to be a 
revelation f heav5 7 pr(\ndly ignorant (
 ori5tal hi/ory1 z ! same figure is f\nd

 9 sev]al hea!n sy/ems ( old] date1 z we
 w n[ cite ! facts to prove4  ,"s ( !   
saviors or demigods ( ,egypt1 ,india1   
,greece1 ,p]sia1 ,mexico & ,etruria are 
repres5t$ z p]=m+ ! same drama ) ! s]p5t
 or devil4 ,osiris ( ,egypt 7says ,mr4  
,bryant7 bruis$ ! head ( ! s]p5t aft] x 
_h bitt5 8 heel4 ,desc5d+ to ,greece1   
,mr4 ,fab] relates t1 on ! sph]es       
,h]cules is repres5t$ 9 ! act ( cont5d+ 
) ! s]p5t1 ! head ( :i* is plac$ "u 8   
foot2 & ?is s]p5t gu>d$ ! tree ) gold5  
fruit 9 ! mid/ ( ! g>d5                 
,hesp]ides--,ed54 7,orig9 ( ,idolatry1  
vol4 i4 p4 #ddc47 ,& we may obs]ve1 says
 ?is au?or1 ! same tradition 9 !        
,pho5ician fable ( ,ophion or ,ophiones4
 7,ibid47 ,9 ,g5esis ! s]p5t is !       
subject ( two leg5ds4 ,b "h x w be      
obs]v$ t !y are bo? c\*$ 9 "o4  ,aga91 x
 is relat$ by m ?an "o ori5tal writ] t  
,*ri%na ( ,india is repres5t$ on "s v   
anci5t sculptures & /one monum5ts ) 8   
heel on ! head ( a s]p5t4 ,mr4 ,maurice1
 9 8 ,indian ,antiquities1 vol4 ii41    

speaks ( ,*ri%na cru%+ ! head ( a s]p5t 
) 8 foot1 & pron\nces ! /rik+ simil>ity 
( ?is /ory ) t f\nd 9 ! ,*ri/ian bible z
 v my/]i\s4 ,ano!r au?or tells u ,!     
image ( ,*ri%na is sculptur$ 9 ! anci5t 
temples ( ,india1 sometimes wrea!d 9 !  
folds ( a s]p5t :i* is bit+ 8 foot1 &   
sometimes tread+ victori\sly on ! head (
 a s]p5t4 7,prog4 ,rel4 ,ideas1 vol4 i47
 ,9 ! ,mexican ,antiquities1 vol4 vi41  
we are told1 ,a mess5g] f heav5 ann\nc$ 
to ! fir/ woman creat$ 7,su*iquecul71 t 
%e %\ld be> a son :o %\ld bruise !      
s]p5t's head1 & !n pres5t$ h] ) a rose4 
,"h is ! orig9 ( ! ,g5esis leg5d1 ! rose
 be+ ! fruit ( ! tree ( ! k ( good &    
evil4 ,! anci5t ,p]sians1 says ,volney1 
9 8 ,ru9 ( ,empires1 p4 #afi1 _h !      
tradition ( a virg91 f :om !y pr$ict$   
w\ld be born1 or w\ld spr+ up1 a %oot 7a
 son7 t w\ld cru% ! s]p5t's head1 & ?us 
deliv] ! _w f s94 ,& bo? ! s]p5t & !    
virg91 he tells u1 are repres5t$        
imag9>ily 9 ! heav5s1 & pictur$ on _!   
a/ronomical globes & sph]es1 z on ^? ( !

 ,romi% ,*ri/ian4 7,see ,burritt's      
,geography ( ! ,heav5s47  ,9 ! anci5t   
,etrurian /ory1 in/ead ( ! se$ ( ! woman
 7! virg971 x is ! woman h]self :o is   
repres5t$ z /&+ ) "o foot on ! head ( a 
s]p5t1 :i* has ! twig ( an apple tree 9 
its m\? to :i* an apple is susp5d$ 7!   
=bidd5 fruit71 :ile its tail is twi/$   
ar\nd a cele/ial globe1 ?us rem9d+ u (  
,/4 ,john's dragon haul+ d[n "o-?ird ( !
 />s ) 8 tail4 7,see ,rev4 xii4 #d47 ,9 
! anci5t cele/ial diagram ( ! ,etrurian1
 ! head ( ! virg9 is surm\nt$ ) a cr[n (
 />s--d\btless ! same leg5d f :i* ,/4   
,john borr[$ 8 metaphor ( a a woman ) a 
cr[n ( twelve />s on h] head4 7,rev4    
xiii47 ,! ,reg9a ,/ell>um 7,que5 ( !    
,/>s71 spok5 ( 9 "s ( ! anci5t sy/ems   
app]ta9s to ! same fable4 ,also !       
tradition ( ,a*illes ( ,greece be+      
invuln]able 9 ! heel1 z relat$ by ,hom]4
 ,! la/ clause ( ! fir/ text quot$ reads
 ,x %all bruise ?y head--a v curi\s     
prophetic ref]5ce to ! savior ( ! _w1 if
 ! text ref]s to him1 to repres5t him z 

be+ ( ! neut] g5d]1 = ! neut] pron\n x  
always ref]s to a ?+ )\t sex4  ,9 !     
fur!r exposition ( ! s]p5t tradition1 we
 are n[ br\ght to notice1 & w trace to  
its orig91 ! /ory ( ! orig9al           
transgression & fall ( man--two c>d9al  
doctr9es ( ! ,*ri/ian religion4 ,l e o!r
 t5et ( ! ,*ri/ian fai?1 we f9d ^!      
doctr9es taught 9 hea!n sy/ems mu* old] 
?an ,*ri/ianity1 & ^: antiquity ant$ates
 ev5 ! bir? ( ,moses4 ,we w fir/ notice 
! ,p]sian tradition4 ,accord+ to !      
doctr9e ( ! ,p]sians1 says ! ,rev4 ,j4  
,c4 ,pitrat1 ,me%ia & ,me%iane1 ! fir/  
man & fir/ woman1 7 pure1 & submitt$ to 
,ormuzd1 _! mak]4 ,b ,ahriman 7! evil   
"o7 saw !m1 & envi$ !m _! happ9ess4 ,he 
approa*$ !m "u ! =m ( a s]p5t1 pres5t$  
fruits to !m1 & p]suad$ !m t he 0 ! mak]
 ( man1 ( animals1 ( plants1 & ( !      
beautiful univ]se 9 :i* !y dwelt4 ,!y   
believ$ x4 ,s9ce t "t ,ahriman 0 _!     
ma/]4 ,_! natures became corrupt1 & ?is 
corruption infe/$ _! :ole po/]ity4 ,?is 
/ory is tak5 f ! ,v&idatsade ( !        

,p]sians1 pp4 #cje & #dbh4  ,! ,indian  
or ,h9doo /ory is furni%$ u by ! ,rev4  
,fa!r ,b\*at1 9 a lett] to ! bi%ops (   
,avran*es1 & runs ?us3 ,our ,h9doos say 
! ,gods tri$ by all means to obta9      
immortality4 ,aft] _m inquiries &       
trials1 !y conceiv$ ! idea t !y w\ld f9d
 x 9 ! tree ( life1 :i* is ! ,*orcan    
7p>adise74 ,9 fact !y succe$$1 & by eat+
 once 9 a :ile ( ! fruits ( t tree1 !y  
kept ! preci\s treasure !y s mu* valu$4 
,a fam\s snake1 nam$ ,*eid51 saw t !    
tree ( life _h be5 f\nd by ! ,gods ( !  
second ord]4 ,z probably he _h be5      
intru/$ ) gu>d+ t tree1 he became s     
angry because 8 vigilance _h be5        
deceiv$1 t he imm$iately p\r$ out an    
enorm\s quantity ( poison1 :i* spread   
ov] ! :ole e>?4 ,h[ mu* l ?is /ory is ! 
/ory ( ,/4 ,john1 ,& ! s]p5t ca/ out ( 8
 m\? wat] z a flood aft] ! woman t he   
might cause h] to be c>ri$ away ( !     
flood6 7,rev4 xii4 #ae47  ,! idea ( a   
snake or s]p5t inundat+ ! e>? f its m\?1
 z taught 9 bo? /ories is s novel1 & s  

f> remov$ f ! sph]e ( natural causes &  
possible ev5ts1 t we are compell$ to !  
conclusion t "o is borr[$ f ! o!r1 or   
bo? f a common orig9al4  ,& z facts cit$
 9 o!r *apt]s prove beyond dispute t !  
,h9doo sy/em1 conta9+ ?is /ory1 ext5ds 9
 antiquity f> beyond ! "t ( ,moses1 ! "q
 is ?us settl$ z to :i* sy/em borr[$ !  
/ory f ! o!r4  ,be=e clos+ ! *apt]1 we  
wi% to call ! att5tion ( ! read] to !   
important fact t ?ree out ( f\r ( !     
c>d9al doctr9es ( ! ,*ri/ian fai? are   
taught 9 ! two hea!n my?ological /ories 
( creation j pres5t$1 viz43--  #a4      
,orig9al s94  #b4 ,! fall ( man caus$ by
 a s]p5t  #c4 ,! consequ5t corruption & 
depravity ( ! human race4  ,^! doctr9es1
 !n1 x mu/ be admitt$1 are ( hea!n      
orig91 & n1 z ,*ri/ians claim1 important
 tru?s reveal$ f heav54 ,= a hi/orical  
exposition ( ! o!r c>d9al doctr9e ( !   
,*ri/ian fai?1 viz41 man's re/oration by
 ! atonem5t a*iev$ ?r\gh ! crucifixion (
 a ,god1 see ,*apt]s xvi4 & xxi4        
,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,miracul\s ,,&           

,,immaculate ,,conception ,,( ,,! ,,gods
  ,,! anci5ts v naturally conclud$ t an 
(fspr+ ( ,god 7a son ( ,god7 %\ld h a   
pur]1 high] & holi] mat]nal orig9 ?an is
 incid5t to ! lot ( mortals1 & ?is 0 to 
con/itute "o ( ! evid5ces ( 8 emanation 
f ! ,deity--t is1 ( 8 sup]natural or    
div9e orig94 ,he1 z a matt] ( c\rse1 mu/
 n only h a diff]5t orig91 b "o 9 !     
highe/ degree sup]ior & sup]natural4 ,he
 mu/ n only be able to claim ! highe/   
pat]nal orig91 b ! highe/ mat]nal also4 
,& on ! "p ( ! "m1 a sexual connection )
 ! great ,pot5tate ( heav5 w\ld ev9ce = 
h] (fspr+ ! v acme ( sup]iority )       
respect to 8 orig91 moral p]fection &   
au?ority4 ,t ! ,savior 0 born ( a woman 
c\ld n possibly be made a matt] (       
concealm5t4 ,b 8 pat]nal p>5tage 0 n s  
obvi\s & app>5t to g5]al obs]vation1 be+
 cognizant alone to ! "m4 ,?is          
circum/ance furni%$ ! mo/ propititi\s   
opportunity to concoct ! /ory t ,! ,mo/ 
,high _h condesc5d$ & desc5d$ to become 
bo? a fa!r & a gr&fa!r to a human be+1  

or a be+ app>5tly human at lea/4  ,we   
say gr&fa!r1 because1 if ,god 7z !      
,*ri/ian bible itself frequ5tly ass]ts1 
bo? directly & by implication7 is fa!r (
 ! :ole human family1 !n he 0 fa!r to ! 
mat]nal p>5t2 s t h] son1 ?\gh d]iv+    
exi/5ce f him1 w\ld be 8 gr&son z well z
 8 son4 ,h5ce ! coroll>y1 ,jesus ,*ri/ 0
 a gr&son ( ,god z well z a son ( ,god1 
& ,jehovah bo? 8 fa!r & gr&fa!r4  ,aga91
 to make ! orig9 & "* ( ! ,god & ,savior
 /& high] = purity1 & p>take 9 ! highe/ 
degree ( ! miracul\s1 ! impression mu/ g
 abroad t he 0 born ( a woman :ile %e 0 
yet a maid5--i4 e41 be=e %e 0 contam9at$
 by illicit association ) ! mascul9e    
sex4 ,h5ce1 ne>ly all ! saviors 7       
reput$ly born ( virg9s4 ,& ! process (  
bir?1 too1 0 out ( ! l9e ( natural      
causes1 9 ord] to inve/ ! "* ( ! savior 
) ! ne plus ultra ( ! miracul\s4  ,&    
h5ce x is relat$ ( ,jesus ,*ri/ 79 an   
,apocryphal ,gospel71 ( ,*ri%na (       
,india1 & o!r saviors1 t !y 7 born ?r\gh
 ! "m's side4  ,x is true our pres5t    

canonical gospels are sil5t z to ! mann]
 ( ,*ri/'s bir?2 b "o ( ! ,apocryphal   
gospels1 :i* gives ! matt] 9 full]      
detail1 & ^: au?ority 9 ! e>li] ages ( !
 ,*ri/ian *ur* 0 n disput$1 decl>es t ! 
mann] ( 8 bir? 0 z relat$ above4 ,&1    
besides1 "s ( ! e>ly ,*ri/ian fa!rs     
fully indors$ ! /ory4 ,! same is relat$ 
9 ! pagan bibles ( hea!n ,gods4 ,!      
motives :i* orig9at$ ! reports ( !      
immaculate conception ( ! ,saviors1 x   
may be fur!r rem>k$1 7 ( a two-fold     
"*3--  #a4 ,to e/abli% _! spotless orig9
 7z ! ^w immaculate means spotless47    
#b4 ,to make x appe> t !re 0 a ,deific  
p[] & ag5cy conc]n$ 9 _! conception4  ,&
 we may obs]ve "h t x is n ! ,saviors   
alone :o are report$ to h be5 u%]$ into 
tangible exi/5ce )\t a human fa!r1 b x  
is decl>$ ( be+s kn[n & ackn[l$g$ to be 
m51 z ,plato1 ,py?agoras1 ,alex&]1      
,augu/us & a numb] ( o!rs4 ,( ,plato an 
au?or rem>ks1 ,he 0 born ( ,p>etonia1 & 
begott5 ( ,apollo1 & n ,ari/on1 8 fa!r4 
,bo? ! mann]1 or process1 & ! s\rce ( ! 

influ5ce by :i* ! ,gods & ,saviors 7    
g5]at$1 seem to h be5 diff]5t 9 diff]5t 
c\ntries1 ?\gh ! idea ( ov]%ad[+ ) !    
,holy ,gho/ seems to h be5 mo/ curr5t4  
,mr4 ,higg9s says t ! ,supreme ,fir/    
,cause 0 g5]ally believe to ov]%ad[1 or 
9 "s o!r my/]i\s mann] to impregnate1 ! 
"m ( ! ,god1 or p]sonage 7vol4 i4 #cgh74
 ,we are told t ,py?ais1 ! "m (         
,py?agoras1 five hundr$ & fifty ye>s ,b4
 ,c41 conceiv$ by a spectre or gho/ 7(  
c\rse ! ,holy ,gho/7 ( ! ,god ,apollo1  
or ,god ,sol4  ,9 ,malcolm's ,hi/ory (  
,p]sia 7vol4 i4 #did7 ! au?or tells u t 
,zoroa/] 0 born ( an immaculate         
conception by a ray f ! ,div9e ,reason4 
,! immaculate conception ( ,juno (      
,greece is ?us describ$ by ! poet3--    
,juno t\*$ ! fl[]2      ,its wondr\s    
virtues su*1      ,%e t\*$ x1 & grew    
pregnant at ! t\*2      ,!n ent]$       
,?race--! ,propontic %ore2      ,:5     
mi/ress ( h] t\*1      ,god ,m>s %e     
bore4  ,?is case may c]ta9ly be set d[n 
z ! ne plus ultra ( etiquette ) respect 

to sexual comm]ce or purity (           
conception4 ,! sweet odor ( an exp&$    
fl[]1 we are "h taught1 is adequate to !
 conception & production ( a ,god4 ,"h  
we h ! immaculate conception 9 !        
sup]lative degree1 & :ile mu* m         
beautiful & gr& x _c be m s5seless or   
unreasonable ?an ! conception by a gho/4
 ,x proves at lea/ t ! doctr9e ( !      
immaculate conception is ( v anci5t     
date4 ,& ?is fa/idi\s maid5 lady &      
immaculate virg91 ,juno1 n only conceiv$
 ! ,god ,m>s by ! t\* ( a fl[]1 b %e    
also 7s ! /ory reads7 conceiv$ ,vulcan  
by be+ ov]%ad[$ by ! w9d--exactly a     
p>allel case ) t ( ! virg9 ,m>y1 z we   
f9d t gho/1 9 ! orig9al1 means w9d4 ,?us
 we obs]ve t ,vulcan1 long be=e ,jesus  
,*ri/1 0 born ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 i4 e41   
bo? 7 conceiv$ by ! ,holy ,w9d4 ,& !    
au?or ( ! ,p]5nial ,cal5d> speaks ( !   
miracul\s conception ( ,juno ,jugulis1 !
 bless$ virg9 que5 ( heav51 & describes 
x z fall+ on ! second ( ,febru>y1 ! v   
day :i* ! e>ly ,*ri/ians celebrat$ ) a  

fe/ival1 z be+ ! date ( ! conception ( !
 ev] ,bless$ ,virg9 ,m>y4  ,( ! anci5t  
,mexicans1 x is said !y _h ! immaculate 
conception1 ! crucifixion1 & !          
resurrection aft] ?ree days4 7,mex4     
,antiq41 vol4 i47 ,& 9 an anci5t "w     
call$ ,codex ,vaticanus1 ! immaculate   
conception is spok5 ( z a "p ( ! hi/ory 
( ,quexalcote1 ! ,mexican ,savior4      
,su*iquecal1 says ! ,mexican            
,antiquities1 0 call$ ! ,que5 ( ,heav54 
,%e conceiv$ a son )\t connection ) a   
man--a v obvi\s case ( immaculate       
conception4  ,alv>ez ,sem$o1 9 8 ,hi/ory
 ( ,*9a1 page #hi1 speaks ( a sect 9 t  
c\ntry :o wor%ip$ a ,savior kn[n z      
,xaca1 :o 0 reput$ly conceiv$ ( 8 "m1   
,maia1 by a :ite elephant1 :i* %e saw 9 
h] sleep1 & = great] purity1 %e br\ght  
him =? f "o ( h] sides4 ,colonel ,tod1 (
 ,engl&1 tells u 9 8 ,hi/ory ( !        
,rajahs1 page #eg1 t ,yu1 ! fir/ ,*9ese 
mon>*1 0 conceiv$ by 8 "m be+ /ruck ) a 
/> :ile travel+4  ,9 ! case ( ,*ri/1 x w
 be recollect$1 ! /> did n appe> till   

aft] 8 bir?4 ,b "h ! /> is ! au?or &    
ag5t ( ! conception4  ,accord+ to       
,rank+'s ,hi/ory ( ! ,moguls1 page #agh1
 ,tam]lane's "m 7( ,b]muda7 pr(ess$ly   
conceiv$ by hav+ _h sexual int]c\rse ) !
 ,god ( ,day4 ,! "m ( ,gh5gis ,khan1 (  
,t>t>y1 be+ too mode/ to claim t %e 0 ! 
"m ( ! son ( ,god1 said only t he 0 !   
son ( ! sun4 7,hi/ory ( ,mogul1 page    
#fe47  ,bo? ,julis & ,osiris ( ,egypt   
are spok5 ( by "s au?ors z hav+ be5     
honor$ ) a div9e immaculate             
conception--! =m] be+ ! son ( !         
beautiful virg9 ,cronis ,cele/9e1 &     
begott5 by ! ,fa!r ( all ,gods4  ,bo?   
,budha & ,*ri%na1 ( ,india1 are report$ 
z hav+ be5 immaculately conceiv$4 ,! "m 
( ! latt] 7,god7 0 7z ! ,h9doo ,holy    
,book decl>es7 ov]%ad[$ by ! ,supreme   
,god1 ,brahma1 :ile ! _s-au?or ( !      
conception 7t is1 ! ,holy ,gho/7 0      
,n>aan4 ,! "m ( ,apollonius (           
,cappadocia1 :o 0 cotempor>y ) ,jesus   
,*ri/ 7accord+ to 8 hi/ory by           
,philo/ratus7--& 8 7,apollonius'7       

disciple ,damis te/ifies to ! same      
effect gave bir? to ?is ,god & rival    
,savior ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 by hav+ be5     
previ\sly ov]%ad[$ by ! supreme ,god    
,proteus4 ,= ! corporeal exi/5ce & e>?ly
 c>e] ( ,augu/us ,caes>1 ! _w has       
o/5sibly to ackn[l$ge itself indebt$ to 
! ov]%ad[+ influ5ce & g5]at+ p[] (      
,jove1 by ^: div9e influ5ce he 0        
immacul\sly conceiv$ 9 ! temple (       
,apollo1 accord+ to ! /atem5t ( ,nimrod1
 8 biograph]4 ,! virg9 "m ,%+-,mon (    
,*9a furni%es ano!r case ( immaculate   
conception4 ,possess+ a s5sibility too  
l(ty & too ref9$ to desc5d to ! ord9>y  
r\t9e ( ! _w1 %e gave bir? to ! ,god ,yu
 f previ\s conception by a wat] lily4   
,?is case1 ) respect to ! degree (      
procreative delicacy & ref9em5t ev9c$1  
may be class$ ) t ( ,juno ( ,greece4 ,"h
 x may be not$ z a curi\s circum/ance1 t
 sev]al ( ! virg9 mo!rs ( ,gods & great 
m5 are specifically repres5t$ z go+ t5  
mon?s betwe5 conception & deliv]y4 ,!   
mo!rs ( ,h]cules1 ,sakia1 ,guatama1     

,scipio1 ,arion1 ,solomon & ,jesus ,*ri/
 may be m5tion$ z samples ( ?is "*4 ,?is
 tradition probably grew out ( !        
e/abli%$ belief 9 ! t5 sacr$ cycles :i* 
con/itute ! great prospective & port5t\s
 mill5nial epo*1 z describ$ 9 ,*apt]    
,,xxx4 ,arion1 m5tion$ above1 is        
repres5t$ z be+ bo? miracul\sly &       
immacul\sly conceiv$ by ! ,gods 9 !     
citadel ( ,byrsa4  ,9 view ( ! =ego+    
facts1 drawn f accr$it$ hi/ories1 !     
read] w readily conc$e t ! tradition ( !
 miracul\s conceptions ( ,gods 7sons (  
,god71 ,saviors & ,messiahs 0 v preval5t
 9 ! _w at a v anci5t p]iod ( "t1 & long
 be=e ! "m ( ,jesus 0 ov]%ad[$ by ! ,mo/
 ,high4 ,inde$1 says ,mr4 ,higg9s1 !    
belief 9 ! immaculate conception ext5d$ 
to e nation 9 ! _w4 ,& ,grote1 ref]r+ to
 ,greece1 makes ! rem>kable decl>ation1 
t ! furtive pregnancy ( "y wom51 (t5 by 
a ,god1 is "o ( ! mo/ frequ5tly recurr+ 
incid5ts 9 ! leg5d>y n>ratives ( !      
c\ntry4 ,& we f9d t bo? ! preval5cy &   
great antiquity ( ! doctr9e ( !         

immaculate conception among ! hea!n is  
conc$$ by ,*ri/ian writ]s !mselves 7(   
=m] ages7 9 _! attempts to f9d argum5ts 
& comm5datory prec$5ts to ju/ify _! own 
belief 9 ! doctr9e4 ,= pro( ( ?is1 we   
ne$ only cite ! ,*ri/ian writ] ,mr4     
,bailey1 :o rem>ks1 ,:at ,i h said ( ,/4
 ,augu/9e is applicable also to ,orig5 &
 ,lactanius1 :o h endeavor$ to p]suade u
 ( ! immaculate virg9ity ( ! "m ( ,jesus
 ,*ri/ by ! example ( simil> ev5ts /or$ 
by ! hea!n4 ,"h we h sev]al ,*ri/ian    
au?orities cit$ by ano!r writ]1 also a  
,*ri/ian1 = plac+ ! doctr9e ( !         
immaculate conception among ! hea!n     
leg5ds 9 ages long ant]ior to ,*ri/4  ,)
 respect to ! degree ( cr$5ce to be     
atta*$ to ! /ory ( ! immaculate         
conception ( ! "m ( ,jesus1 x ne$ only  
be obs]v$ t !re 0 no o!r p]son conc]n$ 9
 ! transaction b h]self :o c\ld possess 
positive1 absolute k ( ! p>5tage4 ,& %e1
 let x be not$1 settles ! matt] =ev]1 by
 virtually affirm+ t ,joseph 0 8 fa!r 9 
! decl>ation address$ to ,jesus :5 %e   

f\nd him 9 ! temple1 ,i & ?y fa!r h     
s\ght !e sorr[+4 7,luke ii4 #dh47 ,no "o
 w dispute t ! fa!r "h spok5 ( 0        
,joseph1 :i* am\nts to a positive       
decl>ation by ! "m1 t ,joseph 0 ,jesus' 
fa!r4   ,,immaculate ,,conception ,,&   
,,miracul\s ,,bir? ,,( ,,! ,,*ri/ian    
,,savior4  ,! foll[+ consid]ations      
exhibit "s ( ! num]\s absurdities       
involv$ 9 ! /ory ( ! miracul\s bir? (   
,jesus ,*ri/4  #a4 ,! evangelical       
n>ratives %[ t ,*ri/ himself did n claim
 to h a miracul\s bir?4 ,he did n once  
allude to su* an ev5t2 :ile if1 z       
,*ri/ians claim1 x is ! pr9cipal evid5ce
 ( 8 deity%ip1 he c]ta9ly w\ld h done s4
  #b4 ,8 pat]nal g5ealogy1 z made out by
 ,mat!w & ,luke1 completely disproves ! 
/ory ( 8 miracul\s conception by a      
virg94 ,= !y bo? trace 8 l9eage ?r\gh   
,joseph1 :i* !y c\ld n d only on !      
assumption t ,joseph 0 8 fa!r4 ,?is1 (  
c\rse1 disproves 8 sire%ip by ! ,holy   
,gho/1 ergo1 ! miracul\s conception4 ,x 
is ! l9eage & p>5tage ( ,joseph1 & n    

,m>y1 t is giv5 9 trac+ back 8 ance/ry  
to ! royal h\sehold--a fact :i*         
completely ov]?r[s ! /ory ( 8 miracul\s 
bir?4  #c4 ,& ! fact t 8 own disciple   
7,philip7 decl>$ him to be ! son (      
,joseph1 & t sev]al texts %[ t x 0 !    
curr5t impression1 is /ill fur!r        
confirmation ( ! conclusion4  #d4 ,we   
f9d ! /ory ( ! immaculate conception    
re/+ entirely ^u ! sl5d] f\ndation      
compris$ 9 ! leg5ds ( an angel & a      
dream4 ,we are told t ,m>y got x by an  
angel1 & ,joseph by a dream4 ,& ?r\gh ^!
 s\rces we h ! :ole gr\ndwork &         
f\ndation ( ! /ory ( ! div9ity ( ,jesus 
,*ri/4  #e4 ,x %\ld be notic$ t we h    
nei!r ,joseph's nor ,m>y's report ( ^!  
?+s1 b only ,mat!w & ,luke's v]sion ( ! 
affair4 ,& we are n in=m$ t ei!r ( !m   
ev] saw or conv]s$ ) ,joseph or ,m>y on 
! subject4 ,x is probable !y got x f    
,dame ,rumor1 ) h] ?\s& tongues4  #f4   
,if ,*ri/ 7 a miracul\sly born ,god1 is 
x possible 8 "m w\ld h reprov$ him =    
misconduct :5 %e f\nd him 9 ! temple1 z 

%e mu/ h kn[n 8 "*8  #g4 ,if ,m>y 0     
miracul\sly conceiv$1 :y 0 ! important  
secret kept s long f ,joseph8 ,:y did %e
 keep ! wool drawn ov] 8 eyes till an   
angel _h to be s5t f heav5 to let him   
into ! secret8  #h4 ,if %e 7 a          
virtu\sly-m9d$ woman1 :y did %e ?us     
attempt to deceive him8  #i4 ,:y did n  
,god in=m ,joseph by inspiration in/ead 
( employ+ ! r\ndab\t way ( s5d+ an angel
 to d x8  #aj4 ,we are told t ,m>y 0    
f\nd ) *ild ( ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,b z we are
 n in=m$ :o f\nd x out1 or :o made !    
discov]y1 or h[ x 0 made1 is x n ?us    
left 9 a v suspici\s aspect8  #aa4 ,z ! 
:ole affair seems to h be5 bas$ on      
dreams1 & 0 c>ri$ on ?r\gh dreams1 & has
 no bett] f\ndation ?an dreams1 :y %\ld 
we consid] x entitl$ to any bett] cr$it 
?an simil> /ories f\nd 9 works on hea!n 
my?ology8  #ab4 ,& w\ld x n prove t     
,*ri/ianity is r a dreamy religion8     
#ac4 ,%\ld n ! a/\nd+ & incr$ible report
 ( ! bir? ( a ,god be bas$ on a bett]   
f\ndation ?an t ( dreams & angels & !   

leg5ds ( ori5tal my?ology1 to entitle x 
to ! belief ( an intellig5t & sci5tific 
age8  #ad4 ,or c any man ( sci5ce       
ent]ta9 = a mom5t ! sup]lative solecism 
( an ,inf9ite ,god by any special act   
ov]%ad[+ a f9ite human female1          
especially z mod]n sci5ce tea*es u t    
,god is bo? male & female1 & z mu* "o z 
! o!r8  #ae4 ,z hi/ory tea*es u ! anci5t
 ori5tali/s believ$ t sexual comm]ce is 
s9ful & contam9at+ to ! *ild ?us begott5
 & born1 & h5ce _h _! inc>nate ,gods s5t
 into ! _w ?r\gh human virg9s1 c any    
unbias$ m9d resi/ ! conviction t ?is is 
! s\rce ( ! orig9 ( ! /ory ( ,*ri/'s    
immaculate conception8  #af4 ,& f9ally1 
if x 7 necess>y = ,*ri/ to come into !  
_w 9 su* a way z to avoid ! impure      
*annel ( human conception & p>turition1 
:y did he n desc5d directly f heav5 9   
p]son8 ,:y c\ld he n desc5d on ! cl\ds  
by 8 fir/ adv5t1 z ! bible says he w d  
:5 he makes 8 second adv5t8  #ag4 ,w\ld 
n ?is c\rse h furni%$ a hundr$ fold m   
conv9c+ pro( & demon/ration ( 8 div9e   

p[] & div9e attributes ?an ! ridicul\s  
/ory & inscrutable my/]y ( ! div9e      
conception1 :i* is n susceptible ( ei!r 
inve/igation or pro(8     ,,*apt] ,v4   
,,virg9 ,,mo!rs ,,& ,,virg9-,,born      
,,gods  ,,! report 9 au!ntic hi/ory ( a 
case ( a virtu\s woman giv+ bir? to a   
*ild ) ! usual =m1 & possess+ ! usual   
*>act]i/ics ( a human be+1 & :o %\ld    
te/ify %e _h no male p>tn] 9 !          
conception1 might 9 an age ( miracles & 
ignorance ( natural law1 be believ$ )   
implicit cr$ulity4 ,b 9 an age (        
intellig5ce1 :5 ! keys ( sci5ce h       
unlock$ ! sacr$ %r9es & hall[$ vaults ( 
sac]dotal my/]ies1 & mod]n rese>*es (   
hi/ory h laid b>e ! fact t mo/ anci5t   
religi\s c\ntries ab\nd 9 reports ( ?is 
"*1 a pr(\nd & g5]al skepticism mu/ be !
 result1 & a total rejection ( _! tru?  
by all m5 ( sci5ce & hi/oric            
intellig5ce4  ,_m are ! cases not$ 9    
hi/ory ( "y maid5s claim+ a pat]nity =  
_! male (fspr+ by a ,god4  ,9 ,greece x 
became s common t ! reign+ k+ issu$ an  

edict1 decree+ ! dea? ( all "y wom5 :o  
%\ld (f] su* an insult to deity z to lay
 to him ! *>ge ( begett+ _! *ildr54 ,!  
virg9 ,alcm5e furni%es a case ( a "y    
woman claim+ ,god z ! fa!r ( h] (fspr+1 
:5 %e br\ght =? ! div9e ,r$eem]         
,alcides1 #abhj ye>s ,b4 ,c4 ,& ,c]es1 !
 virg9 "m ( ,osiris1 claim$ t he 0      
begott5 by ! fa!r ( all ,gods4 ,mr4     
,k5rick tells u ! lik5ess ( ?is virg9   
"m1 ) ! div9e *ild 9 h] arms1 may n[ be 
se5 repres5t$ 9 sculpture on "s ( !     
anci5t1 ru9$ temples ( t ru9$ empire4 ,&
 ,mr4 ,higg9s makes ! broad decl>ation t
 ! wor%ip ( ?is virg9 "m1 ) h]          
,god-begott5 *ild1 prevail$ ev]y:]e4    
,?is au?or also quotes ,mr4 ,riquord z  
say+1 ?is son ( ,god 0 exhibit$ 9       
effigy1 ly+ 9 a mang]1 9 ! same mann] ! 
infant ,jesus 0 aft]w>d laid 9 ! cave at
 ,be?lehem4 ,mr4 ,higg9s fur!r te/ifies 
t ! wor%ip ( ?is virg9 ,god-"m 7t is1 ! 
,god & ! "m7 is ( v anci5t date &       
univ]sal preval5ce 9 all ! ea/]n        
c\ntries1 z is prov$ by sculptur$       

figures be>+ ! m>ks ( great age4  ,9    
corroboration ( ?is /atem5t we might    
cite _m cases1 if our space w\ld p]mit1 
f ! religi\s records ( ,india1 ,egypt1  
,p]sia1 ,greece1 ,rome1 ,mexico1 ,?ibet1
 etc4 ,maia1 "m ( ,sakia & ,yasoda (    
,*ri%na2 ,cele/9e1 "m ( ! crucifi$      
,zulis2 ,*imalman1 "m ( ,quex-alcote2   
,semele1 "m ( ! ,egyptian ,bac*us1 &    
,m9]va1 "m ( ! ,grecian ,bac*us2        
,prud5ce1 "m ( ,h]cules2 ,alcm5e1 "m (  
,alcides2 ,%+-,mon1 "m-( ,yu1 & ,may5ce1
 "m ( ,hesus1 7 all z confid5tly believ$
 to be pure1 holy & *a/e virg9s1 :ile   
giv+ bir? to ^! ,gods1 sons ( ,god1     
,saviors & s9-aton+ ,m$iators1 z 0 ,m>y1
 "m ( ,jesus1 & long be=e h] "t4  ,mr4  
,higg9s rem>ks t ! "m 0 /ill held to be 
a virg91 ev5 aft] %e _h giv5 bir? to o!r
 *ildr5 besides ! deity-begott5 bantl+1 
:i* furni%es ano!r /rik+ p>allel to !   
hi/ory ( ,m>y1 z %e 0 /ill call$ a virg9
 aft] %e _h giv5 bir? to ,jesus & 8     
bro!rs ,james & ,john4 ,& x is an       
incid5t wor? notic+ "h1 t1 9 ! case (   

,may5ce1 virg9-"m ( ! ,god-sir$ ,hesus (
 ! ,druids1 ! anci5t traditions ( !     
c\ntry1 m ?an two ?\s& ye>s old1        
repres5t h] body z be+ envelop$ 9 light1
 & a cr[n ( twelve />s ^u h] head1      
correspond+ exactly to ! apocalyptic    
figure describ$ by ! my/agogue1 ,/4     
,john1 9 ! twelf? *apt] ( 8 ,revelation4
 ,%e is also repres5t$ ) h] foot on !   
head ( a s]p5t1 accord+ to ,davie's     
,univ]sal ,etymology4 7,vide ! case ( ! 
se$ ( ! woman bruis+ ! s]p5t's head1    
,g54 iii4 #ae47  ,augu/e ,ni*ols tells  
u1 9 8 ,philosophical ,essays on        
,*ri/ianity1 t ,io is call$1 9 ,es*ylus1
 ! ,*a/e ,virg91 & h] son ! ,son ( ,god4
 7,= o!r simil> cases1 see ,guigne's    
,hi/ory ( ! ,huns47 ,gonzales in=ms u he
 f\nd on an anci5t temple 9 ,india !    
,lat9 inscription ,patiuro virg9is1 !   
virg9 ab\t to br+ =?4 ,& simil>         
inscriptions h be5 f\nd on pagan temples
 9 ! c\ntry ( ! anci5t ,gauls4 7,= pro(1
 see ,riquord's ,!ology ( ! ,anci5t     
,gauls1 ,*apt] ,x47 ,he :o ha? e>s to   

he>1 let him he>1 & treasure up ^!      
facts4 ,accord+ to ,*9ese hi/ory !re 7  
two be+s--,ti5 & ,*ang-,ti--wor%ip$ 9 t 
c\ntry z ,gods m ?an tw5ty-five hundr$  
ye>s ago1 born ( virg9s :o knew no man4 
,! "m ( ! mighty & ! almighty ,god      
,h]cules1 we are told1 knew only ,jove4 
,if hi/ory & tradition1 !n1 are to be   
cr$it$1 ,god _h _m well belov$ sons1    
born ( pi\s & holy virg9s1 besides      
,jesus ,*ri/4 ,& "s ( !m are repres5t$ z
 be+ 8 only begott51 & o!rs 8 fir/      
begott51 sons4 ,& all ^! cases appe> to 
be equally z well au!nticat$ z ! /ory ( 
,jesus ,*ri/4 ,all /& ^u a level1 ! same
 k9d & ! same am\nt ( evid5ce be+ (f]$ 9
 ea* case4  ,"h we w note x z a curi\s  
circum/ance1 t sev]al ( ! above-nam$    
,saviors are repres5t$ z be+ black1     
,jesus ,*ri/ includ$ ) ?is numb]4  ,!re 
is z mu* evid5ce t ! ,*ri/ian ,savior 0 
a black man1 or at lea/ a d>k man1 z !re
 is ( 8 be+ ! son ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y1 or t 
he once liv$ & mov$ ^u ! e>?4 ,& t      
evid5ce is ! te/imony ( 8 disciples1 :o 

_h ne>ly z good an opportunity ( kn[+   
:at 8 complexion 0 z ! evangeli/s1 :o   
omit to say any?+ ab\t x4 ,9 ! pictures 
& portraits ( ,*ri/ by ! e>ly ,*ri/ians1
 he is uni=mly repres5t$ z be+ black4 ,&
 to make ?is ! m c]ta91 ! r$ t+e is giv5
 to ! lips2 & ! only text 9 ! ,*ri/ian  
bible quot$ by or?odox ,*ri/ians1 z     
describ+ 8 complexion1 repres5ts x z be+
 black4 ,solomon's decl>ation1 ,i am    
black1 b comely1 ,o ye daught]s (       
,j]usalem 7,sol4 i4 #e71 is (t5 cit$ z  
ref]r+ to ,*ri/4 ,accord+ to ! bible    
itself1 !n1 ,jesus ,*ri/ 0 a black man4 
,let u suppose t1 at "s future "t1 he   
makes 8 second adv5t to ! e>?1 z "s     
,*ri/ians anticipate he w d1 & t he     
comes 9 ! "* ( a sable ,messiah1 h[ w\ld
 he be receiv$ by our negro-hat+        
,*ri/ians1 ( s5sitive olfactory n]ves8  
,w\ld !y wor%ip a negro ,god8 ,let u    
imag9e he ent]s "o ( our fa%ionable     
*ur*es1 ) 8 r\gh & ready l9sey-woolsey1 
seamless g>m5t on1 made ( wild          
sea-grass1 ?us pres5t+ a v =bidd+       

appe>ance1 & :at w\ld be ! result8 ,w\ld
 ! sexton %[ him to a seat8 ,w\ld he n r
 po9t to ! door1 & exclaim1 ,get out (  
"h2 no place "h = nigg]s8 ,:at a        
ludicr\s s]ies ( ideas is ?us sugge/$ by
 ! ?\ght t ,jesus ,*ri/ 0 a d>key4  ,& !
 tradition ( div9e ,saviors be+ born (  
undefil$ & undefl[]$ virg9s has an      
a/ronomical *apt] we mu/ n omit to      
notice4 ,! virg91 ) h] ,god-begott5     
*ild1 0 pictur$ imag9>ily 9 ! heav5s f  
"t immemorial4 ,!y are repres5t$ on !   
,h9doo zodiac1 at lea/ ?ree ?\s& ye>s   
old1 & on ! anci5t ,egyptian            
planisph]es4 ,& if y w exam9e ,burritt's
 ,geography ( ! ,heav5s1 y w f9d !      
infant ,god-son 7! sun7 is repres5t$ z  
be+ born into a new ye> on ! #be? (     
,decemb] 7! v date assign$ = ,*ri/'s    
bir?71 & may be se5 ris+ ov] ! ea/]n    
horizon1 out ( ,m>y1 ,m>ia1 or ,m>e 7!  
,lat9 = sea71 ) ! infant ,god 9 h] arms1
 be+ h]ald$ & prec$$ by a bright />1 :i*
 rises imm$iately prec$+ ! virg9 & h]   
*ild1 ?us sugge/+ ! text1 ,we h se5 8 />

 9 ! ea/1 & h come to wor%ip him4       
7,matt4 ii4#h47 ,su* facts l$ ! le>n$   
,alphonso to exclaim1 ,! adv5tures (    
,jesus ,*ri/ are all depict$ among !    
/>s4  ,& su* facts fa/5 ! conviction on 
our m9d t ! /ories ( ,gods cohabit+ ) "y
 maids or virg9s1 & begett+ o!r ,gods1  
is ( a/rological orig9--! /ory ( ,jesus 
,*ri/ includ$4 ,a critical rese>* %[s t 
a/ronomy & religion 7 int]bl5d$1        
int]wov51 & conf\nd$ toge!r at a v e>ly 
p]iod ( "t1 s indissolubly1 t x n[      
becomes impossible to sep>ate !m4       
,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,/>s ,,po9t ,,out ,,!    
,,"t ,,& ,,! ,,saviors' ,,bir?-,,place  
,,pr(usion ( evid5ce is furni%$ at e /ep
 along ! devi\s pa?way ( sacr$ hi/ory1  
t5d+ to %[ t all ! sy/ems ( wor%ip :i* h
 exi/$ 9 ! pa/ h _h a dip 9 ! halo ( !  
heav5ly orbs1 & h5ce %9e ) a light d]iv$
 f t s\rce4  ,we f9d ! />s act+ directly
 a conspicu\s "p at ! bir?s ( sev]al ( !
 ,saviors1 besides figur+ 9 "s cases by 
m>k+ important ev5ts 9 _! subsequ5t     
hi/ory4  ,mr4 ,higg9s rem>ks t ,among ! 

anci5ts !re seems to h be5 a v g5]al    
idea t ! arrival ( ,gods & great        
p]sonages :o 7 expect$ to come1 w\ld be 
ann\nc$ by a />4 ,& ! cases ( ,abraham1 
,caes>1 ,py?agoras1 ,yu1 ,*ri%na1 &     
,*ri/1 may be cit$ 9 pro( ( ?is         
decl>ation4 ,a /> figur$ ei!r be=e or at
 ! bir? ( ea*1 accord+ to _! respective 
hi/ories4  ,& x is a hi/orical fact t   
%\ld be not$ "h t ! practice ( calculat+
 nativities by ! />s 0 9 vogue 9 ! era &
 c\ntry ( ,*ri/'s bir?1 & _h be5 = a    
long p]iod previ\sly 9 v>i\s c\ntries4  
,we h se5 8 /> 9 ! ea/1 & h come to     
wor%ip him4 7,matt4 ii4 i47 ,n[ m>k1 "h1
 x 0 n ! />1 nor a />1 b 8 />2 ?us      
disclos+ its unmi/akable a/rological    
features4 ,mr4 ,fab] 79 8 ,orig9 (      
,idolatry1 vol4 ii4 p4 #gg7 reports     
,zoroa/] 7#fjj ,b4 ,c47 z prophetically 
ann\nc+ to ! wise m5 ( t c\ntry t a     
,savior w\ld be born1 att5d$ by a /> at 
noonday4 ,= a full] exposition ( ?is    
case see ,*apt] ,,ii4  ,9 ! hi/ory ( !  
,h9doo ,savior ,*ri%na1 we are told t z 

soon z ,n>$1 :o1 hav+ he>d ( 8 fame1 _h 
exam9$ ! />s1 he decl>$ him to be f     
,god2 i4 e41 ! ,son ( ,god' ,! ,roman   
,calcidius speaks ( a wond]ful />1      
presag+ ! desc5t ( a ,god among/ m54    
7,see ,maurice's ,indian ,skeptics      
,refut$1 p4 #fb47 ,q sugge/ive ( ! />   
appris+ ! wise m5 ( ,*ri/'s desc5t f    
above4 ,& a /> is said to h =etok5$ !   
bir? ( ! ,roman ,julius ,cs>4 ,! ,*9ese 
,god ,yu 0 n only h]ald$ by a />1 b     
conceiv$ & br\ght to mortal bir? by a   
/>4  ,9 ,numb]s xxiv4 #ag1 x is decl>$  
,!re %all come a /> out ( ,jacob1 etc4  
,?is is a text (t5 quot$ by ,*ri/ian    
writ]s z hav+ a prophetic ref]5ce to !  
,*ri/ian ,messiah4 ,b ! same text       
decl>es fur!r1 ,x %all de/roy ! *ildr5 (
 ,se?1 a pr$iction :i* no rational      
int]pretation c make apply to ,jesus    
,*ri/4 ,& !n we f9d ?is /> ( ,jacob or  
,judah 7! same7 repres5t$ on a/ronomical
 maps z a prom95t /> 9 ! con/ellation   
,virgo 7! ,virg971 fancifully t]m$ by ! 
,hebrew ,ephraim4  ,x 0 kn[n 9 !        

,syrian1 ,arabian & ,p]sian sy/ems (    
a/ronomy z ,messaeil 7sugge/ive (       
,messiah71 & 0 consid]$ ! rul+ g5ius ( !
 con/ellation4  ,! /> ( ,jacob1 !n1 0   
simply a figure borr[$ f ! anci5t pagan 
sy/ems ( a/ronomy1 9 :i* !y fancifully  
repres5t a virg9 ris+ ) an infant       
,messiah 7,messaeil7 9 h] arms4         
,messaeil is1 :5 analyz$1 ,messaeh-el   
7,messiah-,god71 & is f\nd 9 !          
con/ellation ,virgo1 :i* comm5ces ris+  
at midnight1 on ! #be? ( ,decemb]1 ) ?is
 /> 9 ! ea/ 9 h] arms--! /> :i* pilot$ !
 wise m54 ,! :ole ?+1 !n1 is evid5tly an
 a/ronomical leg5d4  ,alb]t ! ,great1 9 
8 ,book on ! ,univ]se1 tells u1 ,! sign 
( ! cele/ial virg9 rises above !        
horizon1 at ! mom5t we f9d fix$ = ! bir?
 ( our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,to :i* we w   
add ! decl>ation ( ,sir ,william        
,drummond1 :o1 9 8 ,odipus ,judaicus1 p4
 #bg1 mo/ significantly rem>ks1 ,!      
ano9t$ ( ,el ! male infant1 :o rises 9 !
 arms ( ,virgo1 0 call$ ,jesus by !     
,hebrews1444 & 0 hail$ z ! ano9t$ k+ or 

,messiah--/ill fur!r pro( ( !           
a/rological orig9 ( ! /ory4  ,dr4       
,hales1 9 8 ,*ronology1 calls ,*ri/ ! />
 ( our salvation1 ! true ,apollo1 ! sun 
( righte\sness--all ( :i* are           
a/ronomical t]ms4  ,& "h we may recur to
 ! fact t "s ( ! e>ly inhabitants ( !   
e>? reg>d$ a /> z a ?+ ( life1 because x
 appe>$ to move1 & act$ z ?\gh controll$
 by a liv+ _s4 ,& ?is fet*ic idea we    
obs]ve lurk+ among/ ! borr[$ ori5talisms
 ( ! ,jewi% ,old ,te/am5t4 ,!           
repres5tation ( ! morn+ />s jo9+ 9 a    
*orus & s++ toge!r 7see ,job xxxviii4   
#i71 is an in/ance ( ?is k9d ( fet*ic   
conception4  ,& !n we f9d a mu* /rong] &
 m conclusive case 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1   
:]e ,mat!w repres5ts a /> z break+ loose
 f its orbit1 & travel+ "s millions (   
miles1 9 ord] to /& ov] ! "y *ild       
,jesus1 z he lay among/ ! ox5 & asses 9 
a /able4 7,see ,matt4 ii4 #g47          
,wond]fully accommodat+ /> inde$6 ,h[   
did its inhabitants feel :ile ?us       
travel+ ) ! velocity ( lightn+8 ,?is    

a*ievem5t w\ld n only require life1 b an
 active intellig5ce1 on ! "p ( ! />1 z x
 is repres5t$ z be+ an act ( ! planet   
itself4  ,all nations1 says ,mr4        
,higg9s1 once believ$ t ! planet>y      
bodies or _! inhabitants controll$ !    
affairs ( m51 & ev5 _! bir?s4 ,h5ce !   
cant phrases1 ,my />s1 ,he is ill-/>r$1 
etc41 9 use !n1 & /ill 9 use at ! pres5t
 day4 ,! good or ill luck ( a p]son 0   
attribut$ to ! good or evil />s :i* x 0 
believ$ rul$ at ! h\r ( 8 bir?4  ,we f9d
 a c\nt]p>t to ! /ory ( ,mat!w's travel+
 /> 9 ,virgil's writ+s1 :o decl>es 7#fj 
,b4 ,c47 t a /> guid$ neas 9 a j\rney   
we/w>d f ,troy4 ,9 ! days ( ,pl9y 7see 8
 ,natural ,hi/ory1 ,book ,,ii471 ! p (  
,rome fanci$ !y saw a ,god 9 a /> or    
comet 9 ! =m ( a man4 ,! ,apocryphal    
book ( ,se? relates t a /> desc5d$ f    
heav5 & light$ on a m\nta91 9 ! mid/ (  
:i* a div9e *ild 0 se5 be>+ a cross4    
,*ri/ betrays ! same ignorance (        
a/ronomy1 :5 he speaks ( ! />s fall+ f  
heav5 to ! e>?4 7,see ,matt4 xxiv4 #bi47

 ,= if !re c\ld be any fall+ 9 ! case1 !
 fall+ w\ld be 9 ! o!r direction1 & !   
e>? w\ld fall to ! />s1 z l>g] bodies   
always attract small] ones4  ,z %[n     
above1 ! /up5d\s orbs ( night 7         
repres5t$ by ,jew1 ,pagan & ,*ri/ian z  
break+ away f _! orbits1 & runn+ hi!r & 
?i!r1 l a fly on a ceil+1 or a ball f a 
sky-rocket1 be+ reg>d$ z m]e            
jack-a-lant]ns1 t c\ld appe> any:]e at  
any "t creative fancy might dictate or  
require2 :ile sci5ce tea*es t ! />s are 
/up5d\s orbs1 "s ( !m a ?\s& times l>g] 
?an ! planet on :i* we live1 & t !y c\ld
 n dep>t "o rod f _! accu/om$ orbits )\t
 break+ up ! :ole planet>y sy/em1 &     
de/roy+ ! univ]se4  ,& !n obs]ve !      
absurdity 9 ,mat!w's /ory1 :i* tea*es t 
! wise m5 foll[$ ! /> 9 ! ea/1 :5 !y1   
com+ f ! ea/1 71 z a matt] ( c\rse1     
travel+ we/w>d1 :i* w\ld place ! /> to  
_! backs4 ,t mu/ be a sui g5]is pilot or
 guide :i* foll[s aft]1 in/ead ( go+    
be=e4 ,omitt+ fur!r citations f hi/ory1 
we w only obs]ve fur!r t ! anci5t       

,h9doos1 ,egyptians1 ,*aldeans1         
,syrians1 ,mexicans1 etc41 took great   
acc\nt ( />s1 & employ$ !m on all       
important occasions1 especially on long 
j\rneys & at ! bir?s ( ,gods & great    
p]sonages--a circum/ance :i* aids 9     
expla9+ ! /> *apt] 9 ! gospel hi/ory (  
,*ri/4     ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,angels1     
,,%eph]ds ,,& ,,magi ,,visit ,,!        
,,infant ,,saviors  ,,9 an age :5 ,gods 
& m5 7 on ! mo/ famili> t]ms1 & :5 ! "* 
( "o furni%$ a transcript = ! o!r1 & :5 
ea* cons5t$ to act a reciprocal "p t[>ds
 elevat+1 honor+ & glorify+ ! o!r1 !    
bir? ( a ,god or ,messiah 01 z a matt] (
 c\rse1 reg>d$ z an ev5t ( suffici5t    
importance to attract ! att5tion ( !    
great ones ( ! e>?1 & ev5 ! d5iz5s (    
heav5 also4  ,& h5ce we f9d x relat$ 9 !
 hi/ory ( sev]al ( ! ,god-begott5       
,saviors ( antiquity1 t z soon z !y 7   
born into ! _w !y 7 visit$ by wise m5 f 
a di/ance 7or ,magi1 z !y 7 call$ by !  
,p]sians & ,brahm9s74 ,& 9 "s cases !y 7
 likewise wait$ ^u & ador$ by !         

neighbor+ %eph]ds2 & ev5 cele/ial       
spirits are report$ 9 "s in/ances z     
leav+ _! />-gilt homes to w+ _! way to !
 humble mansion1 ! rude t5em5t1 conta9+ 
a new-born ,god1 t !y might honor &     
adore ! ,savior ( m51 ! ,savior ( ! _w4 
,! sacr$ biographies ( bo? ,confucius & 
,*ri/ furni% examples ( ! angel ho/     
=sak+ _! gold5 pavilions 9 ! skies to   
pay _! devoirs to a ,deity-begott5      
bantl+1 s5t d[n by ! ,fa!r ( ,m]cies1 to
 save a guilt-lad5 _w4 ,& 9 bo? cases ! 
,magi are report$ z assembl+ to pres5t  
_! (f]+s to ! infant ,god4  ,9 ! case ( 
,confucius 7born #eih ,b4 ,c471 x is    
decl>$1 ,five wise m5 f a di/ance came  
to ! h\se1 cele/ial music 0 he>d 9 !    
skies1 & angels att5d$ ! sc5e4 7,see !  
,five ,volumes47 ,n[ let u obs]ve h[    
/rik+ly simil> to ?is anci5t leg5d1 9   
ea* ( ! sev]al *>act]i/ics1 is !        
,*ri/ian /ory4 ,mat!w 7ii4 #a7 speaks ( 
wise m5 f ! ea/ j\rney+ to ,j]usalem to 
visit ! infant ,*ri/1 soon aft] 8 bir?1 
among/ ! mules & ox5 9 a /able1 ?\gh he 

omits to /ate ! numb] ( it9]ant ador]s  
:o pres5t$ !mselves on ! occasion4  ,!  
,p]sian /ory is m specific1 z x gives ! 
numb] ( ,magi :o visit$ ! "y ,savior ( t
 c\ntry z five4  ,luke 7ii4 #ac7 speaks 
( a multitude ( ! heav5ly ho/ prais+    
,god1 9 gratulation ( ! bir? ( ! ,judean
 ,savior4 ,n[1 :5 we be> 9 m9d t "o     
me?od ( prais+ ,god1 ) ! ori5tals1 0 by 
music1 z we w at once obs]ve t ?is is   
only ano!r mode ( proclaim+1 z 9 ! case 
( ,confucius1 t cele/ial music 0 he>d 9 
! skies4  ,& angels att5d$ ! sc5e (     
,confucius' bir?4 ,s1 likewise1 ,luke   
7ii4 #ae7 relates t ! angels1 aft]      
rejoic+ ) ! %eph]ds on ! occasion ( !   
bir? ( ,*ri/1 w5t away into heav54  ,h[ 
complete ! p>allel6 &1 b = ! digression1
 & monopoly ( space1 we might trace x   
mu* fur!r1 & %[ t ,confucius1 l ,*ri/1  
_h twelve *os5 disciples2 t he 0 desc5d$
 f a royal h\se ( pr9ces1 z ,*ri/ f !   
royal h\se ( ,david2 t he1 9 l mann]1   
retir$ = a long p]iod f ! noise & bu/le 
( society into religi\s contemplative   

seclusion2 t he inculcat$ ! same ,gold5 
,rule ( do+ to o!rs z we desire !m to   
act t[>d u1 & o!r moral maxims equal 9  
importance to any?+ t c be f\nd 9 !     
,*ri/ian ,scriptures1 etc4  ,b to ! l9e 
( hi/ory4 ,o!r ,saviors at bir?1 we are 
told1 7 visit$ by bo? angels & %eph]ds1 
also wise m51 at lea/ great m54 ,*ri%na1
 ! eigh? avat> ( ,india 7#abjj ,b4 ,c47 
7s x is relat$ by ! inspir$ p5man ( _!  
pagan !ocracy7 0 visit$ by angels1      
%eph]ds & prophets 7avat>s74 ,imm$iately
 aft] 8 bir? he 0 visit$ by a *orus (   
devatas 7angels71 & surr\nd$ by %eph]ds1
 all ( :om 7 impress$ ) ! conviction ( 8
 future greatness4 ,we are in=m$ fur!r t
 gold1 frank9c5se & myrrh 7 pres5t$ to  
him z (f]+s4  ,! well-kn[n mod]n        
travel]1 ,mr4 ,ditson1 :o visit$ ,india 
b a few ye>s s9ce1 uses ! emphatic      
decl>ation1 ,9 fact1 z soon z ,*ri%na 0 
born he 0 salut$ by a *orus ( devatas1  
or angels4 ,9 ! evangelical n>rative ( !
 ,*ri/ian ,savior an angel is report$ to
 h salut$ 8 "m ?us3 ,hail1 ?\ t art     

highly favor$2 ! ,"l is ) !e2 bless$ art
 ?\ among wom54 7,luke1 i4 #bh47 ,& 9 ! 
next *apt] ! angel is report$ z jo9+ ) !
 heav5ly ho/ 9 prais+ ,god4 ,a simil>   
report is f\nd 9 ! ,h9doo bible 7!      
,ramayana71 app]ta9+ to ! "m ( ! eigh?  
,savior1 ( :om x is decl>$ ,brahma &    
,siva1 ) a ho/ ( att5d+ spirits1 came to
 h] & sang1 ',9 ?y deliv]y1 ,o favor$   
among wom51 all nations %all h cause to 
exult4' ,& :5 ! cele/ial infant         
7,*ri%na7 appe>$ 7x is relat$ 9 a       
subsequ5t *apt]71 a *orus ( heav5ly     
spirits salut$ him ) hymns2 ! :ole room 
0 illum9at$ by 8 light1 & ! c\nt5ance ( 
8 fa!r & "m %one ) brightness & glory   
7by reflection71 _! und]/&+s 7 op5$ s t 
!y knew him to be ! ,pres]v] ( ! _w1 &  
!y began to wor%ip him4 ,! la/ text "h  
quot$ br+s to m9d ,luke xxiv4 #de1 :i*  
decl>es1 ,!n he 7,*ri/7 op5$ _! 78      
p>5ts7 und]/&+s4  ,! n9? avat> ( ,india 
7,sakia7 furni%es to "s ext5t a simil>  
p>allel4 ,accord+ to ! acc\nt ( an      
exploration made 9 ,india1 & publi%$ 9 !

 ,new ,york ,correspond5t ( #ahbh1 ,!re 
is on a silv] plate 9 a cave 9 ,india an
 inscription /at+ t ab\t ! "t ( ! adv5t 
( ,budha ,sakia 7#fjj ,b4 ,c471 a sa9t 9
 ! woods le>n$ by inspiration t ano!r   
avat> 7,messiah or ,savior7 _h appe>$ 9 
! h\se ( ,rajah ( ,lailas4 ,le>n+ :i*1  
he flew ?r\gh ! air to ! place1 & :5 he 
beheld ! new-born ,savior he decl>$ him 
to be ! great avat> 7,savior or         
prophet71 & t he 0 de/9$ to e/abli% a   
new religion--! ,new ,cov5ant ,religion4
  ,we next draw on ! hi/ory ( ,greece4  
,x is au!ntically relat$ ( ,py?agoras   
7#fjj ,b471 t 8 fame hav+ rea*$ ,miletas
 & neighbor+ cities1 m5 r5[n$ = wisdom  
7wise m57 came to visit him4 7,progress 
( ,religi\s ,ideas1 vol4 i47 ,9 !       
,anacalypsis we are told t ,magi came f 
! ,ea/ to (f] gifts at ,socrates' bir?1 
br++ gold1 frank9c5se & myrrh1 ! same   
k9d ( (f]+ z t pres5t$ to ! two div9e   
infants ,*ri%na & ,*ri/1 accord+ to _!  
respective inspir$ biograph]s4 7,see    
,matt4 ii4 #d1 & ! ,ramayana74  ,& !    

leg5d ( ,mi?ra1 ( ,p]sia1 might also be 
includ$ 9 our category ( comp>ison1 if  
we _h space = x4 ,all ! f\r ,saviors la/
 nam$ 7if ,socrates may be call$ su*7   
are report$ z hav+ be5 honor$ & enri*$ )
 aromatic (f]+s at _! respective bir?s4 
,& we h ! /atem5t f ,mr4 ,higg9s1 t !   
same assortm5t ( spices 7) ! gold7      
con/itut$ ! mat]ials (f]$ z gifts to !  
sun1 9 ,p]sia m ?an ?ree ?\s& ye>s ago2 
& likewise 9 ,arabia ne> ! same era4 ,& 
x may be /at$ "h1 t an anci5t hi/oric   
acc\nt ( ,zoroa/] ( ,p]sia 7#f1jjj ,b4  
,c41 accord+ to ,pl9y & ,ari/otle71     
speaks ( 8 hav+ also be5 visit$ by      
,magi1 or ,magia1 at ! p]iod ( 8 e>?ly  
adv5t4  ,& x is1 p]haps1 well to note 9 
?is place1 t ,magi is ! t]m us$ 9 !     
,apocryphal ,gospels1 to designate !    
wise m5 :o visit$ ,*ri/ at bir?2 & t    
,magi1 ,magic & ,magician are b         
v>iations ( ! same ^w1 at lea/          
d]ivations f ! same root1 all sugge/+ a 
wisdom correlat$ to ! ,gods4 ,osiris1 an
 inc>nate deity ( ,egypt1 we may cite z 

ano!r case ( an infantile ,god receiv+  
signal honors & eclat at bir?1 z he 0   
visit$ :ile yet 9 ! cradle by a ho/ (   
admir+ ador]s4 ,p flock$ f all p>ts ( ! 
_w to behold ! heav5-born infant4 ,su* a
 _w-wide fame mu/ h _h ! effect to      
attract1 ) ! num]\s cr[d :o ?rong$ to   
see & wor%ip him1 no small numb] ( wise 
m54  ,at ?is /age ( our hi/orical       
exposition1 we w sugge/ x z r a s+ul>   
circum/ance t ! div9e ,fa!r1 9 8 inf9ite
 wisdom1 %\ld h *os5 to reveal !        
intellig5ce ( ! bir? ( 8 son ,jesus     
,*ri/ to a set ( nomadic hea!n idolat]s 
hundr$s ( miles di/ant 7?\gh kn[n z wise
 m5 because ( _! skill 9 a/rology7 be=e 
he made x kn[n to 8 own *os5 p 7!       
,jews71 :o _h ev] reg>d$ !mselves z !   
recipi5ts ( 8 special favors4 ,& p]haps 
x is /ill m s+ul> t ^! pagan p$e/rians  
%\ld h be5 d5om9at$ wise m51 :ile m5 (  
,god's own election1 accord+ to !       
,*ri/ian bible1 7 (t5 /igmatiz$ & d5\nc$
 z fools1 a 4g5]ation ( vip]s1 etc4 ,b x
 s happ5s t human reason f9ds _m        

,incongruities 9 ,div9e ,revelations4   
,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,! ,,tw5ty-,,fif? ,,(  
,,decemb] ,,! ,,bir?day ,,( ,,! ,,gods4 
,,dive/$ ( all explanation1 ! ann\ncem5t
 ( ! fact t ! "t ( ! bir? ( _m ( !      
inc>nat$ ,gods & ,saviors ( antiquity 0 
fix$ at ! same p]iod1 & ?is p]iod !     
tw5ty-fif? ( ,decemb]1 celebrat$ all ov]
 ,*ri/5dom z ! bir?day ( ,jesus ,*ri/1  
w\ld s\nd m>vel\sly /range1 especially  
:5 x is notic$ t ?is p]iod =m]ly dat$ ! 
bir? ( a new ye>--! bir? ( ,k+ ,sol4 ,& 
:5 we f9d t ! anci5t pagans 7 9 ! habit 
( celebrat+ ?is v5]at$ tw5ty-fif? (     
,decemb] z ! bir?day ( _! ,gods 9 ! same
 mann] ,*ri/ians n[ celebrate x z !     
bir?day ( ,*ri/1 we are driv5 to admit t
 some?+ m ?an m]e =tuit\s accid5t mu/ be
 adduc$ to acc\nt = ! co9cid5ce4        
,accord+ to ,dr4 ,lightfoot1 ! temple ( 
,j]usalem 0 employ$ 9 celebrat+ !       
bir?day ( a pagan ,god 7,adonis7 on ! v 
night ,*ri/ians assign = ! bir? ( ,*ri/4
 ,& ,rob]t ,taylor in=ms u t ne>ly all !
 nations ( ! ,ea/ 7 once 9 ! habit (    

ris+ at midnight to celebrate ! bir?day 
( _! ,gods1 on ! tw5ty-fif? ( ,decemb]4 
,& to ?is /atem5t ,mr4 ,higg9s adds t1  
,at ! fir/ mom5t aft] midnight ( !      
tw5ty-f\r? ( ,decemb]1 ! anci5t nations 
celebrat$ ! acc\*em5t ( ! que5 ( heav5 &
 cele/ial virg91 & ! bir? ( ! ,god ,sol1
 ! ,infant ,savior1 & ! ,god ( ,day4    
,bac*us ( ,egypt1 ,bac*us ( ,greece1    
,adonis ( ,greece1 ,*ri%na ( ,india1    
,*ang-ti ( ,*9a1 ,*ris ( ,*aldea1 ,mi?ra
 ( ,p]sia1 ,sakia ( ,india1 ,jao ,wapaul
 7a crucifi$ ,savior ( anci5t ,brita971 
7 all born on ! tw5ty-fif? ( ,decemb]1  
accord+ to _! respective hi/ories4      
,*ri%na is repres5t$ to h be5 born at   
midnight on ! tw5ty-fif? ( ! mon?       
,sav>ana1 :i* answ]s to our ,decemb]1 & 
millions ( 8 disciples celebrat$ 8      
bir?day by decorat+ _! h\ses ) g>l&s &  
gilt pap]1 & ! be/[m5t ( pres5ts to     
fri5ds4 ,! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,b>ret tells u1 ,x
 0 once common = ! wom5 9 ,rome to      
p]ambulate ! /reets on ! tw5ty-fif? (   
,decemb]1 s++ 9 a l\d voice1 ',unto u a 

*ild is born ?is day4'  ,! tw5ty-fif? ( 
,decemb]1 !n1 x w be obs]v$1 0 m>k$ z ! 
bir?day ( ! inc>nat$ ,gods1 ,saviors1 & 
,sons ( ,god1 ( _m ( ! religi\s sy/ems (
 antiquity1 long prior to ! bir? ( ,*ri/
 ,& :y 8 bir? 0 fix$ at t date is n h>d 
to acc\nt =4 ,accord+ to ! celebrat$    
,*ri/ian writ] ,mr4 ,goodri*1 ! ,*ri/ian
 _w _h no *ronology & record$ no dates =
 sev]al c5turies aft] ! comm5cem5t ( !  
,*ri/ian era4 7,see ,hi/ory ( all       
,nations1 p4 #bc47 ,no ev5t ( _! hi/ory 
0 m>k$ by dates = ne>ly f\r hundr$ ye>s4
 ,h5ce1 ! "t ( ,*ri/'s bir? is altoge!r 
a matt] ( conjecture1 z is also e o!r   
ev5t notic$ 9 ! ,*ri/ian bible4 ,?is is 
prov$ by ! fact t ! able/ ,*ri/ian      
writ]s & *ronologi/s diff] to ! ext5t ( 
?irty-five hundr$ ye>s 9 fix+ ! "t ( e  
ev5t 9 ! bible4 ,a ,mr4 ,k5n$y pres5ts u
 ) ?ree hundr$ diff]5t *ronological     
sy/ems1 by diff]5t ,*ri/ian writ]s1 all 
f\nd$ on ! bible1 & prov+ t ! date ( its
 v>i\s ev5ts are inextricably involv$ 9 
a labyr9? ( d\bt1 d>kness & unc]ta9ty4  

,relative to ! "t ( ,*ri/'s bir?1 !     
,encyclop$ia ,britannica says3 ,*ri/ians
 c\nt "o hundr$ & ?irty-?ree contr>y    
op9ions ( diff]5t au?ors conc]n+ ! ye> !
 ,messiah appe>$ on e>?--_m ( !m        
celebrat$ writ]s4 7,art4 ,*ron47 ,m>k ! 
decl>ation--"o hundr$ & ?irty-?ree      
diff]5t op9ions z to ! ye> ,*ri/ 0 born 
92 "o hundr$ & ?irty-?ree diff]5t ye>s  
fix$ on by diff]5t ,*ri/ian *ronologi/s 
z ! "t ( ! bir? ( ! mo/ extraord9>y &   
mo/ not$ be+1 z ,*ri/ians w\ld h u      
believe1 t ev] appe>$ on e>?4 ,?9k ( an 
omnipot5t ,god desc5d+ f heav51 p]=m+   
a/\nd+ miracles1 & pres5t+ o!r pro(s (  
be+ a ,god1 & yet n "o ( ! ?ree hundr$  
writ]s ( t era take any notice ( him1 or
 make any note ( 8 bir? or any ev5t ( 8 
life4 ,?is circum/ance is ( itself      
suffici5t to bani% & dissipate all fai? 
9 8 div9ity4  ,x is evid5t1 f ! facts j 
pres5t$1 t all sy/ems ( ,*ri/ian        
*ronology are f\nd$ on m]e conjecture1 &
 h5ce %\ld be reject$ z wor?less4 ,:at  
ev5t ( ,*ri/'s life1 !n1 c be accept$ z 

c]ta91 :5 no record 0 made ( x till ! "t
 0 =gott51 & none = at lea/ half a      
c5tury aft] ! dawn ( ! ,*ri/ian era1    
accord+ to ,dr4 ,l>dn]1 :5 ne>ly all :o 
witness$ x mu/ h be5 dead8  ,we ?9k !   
mo/ reasonable conclusion 9 ! case is1 t
 ,*ri/1 in/ead ( p]=m+ ^? ,mun*aus5     
prodigies attribut$ to him--su* z ca/+  
out devils1 rais+ ! dead1 controll+ !   
elem5ts ( nature1 etc4--l$ su* an       
ord9>y1 obscure life--excell+ only 9    
heal+ ! sick & o!r noble de$s ( *>ity & 
philan?ropy--t he attract$ b little     
notice by ! high] classes1 or by anybody
 b ^? ( a simil> turn ( m9d1 till he 0  
deifi$ by ,con/ant9e1 9 ! ye> #cbe ,a4  
,d4 ,h5ce1 ! "t ( 8 bir? 0 n record$1 & 
0 =gott54 ,consequ5tly1 ! tw5ty-fif? (  
,decemb] 0 select$ z 8 bir?day1 because 
x 0 ! bir?day ( o!r ,gods1 & because x 0
 reg>d$ by ! hea!n1 f "t immemorial1 z !
 bir?day ( ,sol1 ! glori\s lum9>y (     
heav51 x be+ ! p]iod he is born aga9    
into a new ye>1 & comm5ces aga9 8 j\rney
 & 8 life2 & because1 also1 ?is epo* 01 

z ,%>on ,turn] in=ms u1 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ! 
,anglo-,saxons1 ! comm5cem5t ( a new ye>
 up to ! t5? c5tury4  ,^! ev5ts         
signaliz$ ! tw5ty-fif? ( ,decemb]1 &    
made x a p]iod ( suffici5t importance to
 lead ! e>ly ,*ri/ians to suppose x mu/ 
h be5 ! bir?day ( _! ,messiah4 ,mo%eim1 
h[ev]1 confesses t ! day or ! ye> 9 :i* 
x happ5$ has n be5 fix$ ) c]ta9ty1      
not)/&+ ! pr(\nd rese>*es ( ! le>n$4 ,s 
t x is /ill an op5 "q z to :5 ,*ri/ 0   
born4 ,:at day ( ! mon?1 :at ye>1 or :at
 c5tury x took place 91 is /ill unkn[n4 
,?is circum/ance is1 z be=e sugge/$1    
suffici5t ( itself to utt]ly pro/rate   
all fai? 9 ! div9e claims = ,jesus      
,*ri/4 ,:at w\ld be ?\ght ( a witness :o
 %\ld te/ify 9 c\rt to ! tru? ( an      
occurr5ce ( :i* he did n "k ! ye>1 or   
ev5 ! c5tury1 9 :i* x took place1 or :o 
c\ld come no ne>] ?an "o hundr$ &       
?irty-?ree ye>s 9 fix+ or guess+ at !   
"t4 ,w\ld ! c\rt accept su* te/imony8   
,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,titles ,,( ,,! ,,saviors
  ,,! v>i\s deific titles appli$ to     

,jesus ,*ri/ 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t are      
reg>d$ by "s ,*ri/ian writ]s z          
presumptive evid5ce ( 8 div9ity4 ,b !   
argum5t proves too mu* = ! case2 z we   
f9d ! pro( 9 hi/ory t _m o!r be+s1 :om  
,*ri/ians reg>d z m51 7 honor$ &        
address$ by ! same titles1 su* z ,god1  
,"l1 ,savior1 ,r$eem]1 ,m$iator1        
,messiah1 etc4  ,! ,h9doo ,*ri%na1 m ?an
 two ?\s& ye>s ago1 0 pray]fully wor%ip$
 z ,god ! ,mo/ ,high4 ,8 disciple ,am>ca
 once address$ him ?us3 ,?\ art ! ,"l ( 
all ?+s1 ! ,god ( ! univ]se1 ! emblem ( 
m]cy1 ! be/[] ( salvation4 ,be propiti\s
 ,o mo/ ,high ,god1 etc4 ,"h he is      
address$ bo? z ,"l & ,god4 ,he is also  
/yl$ ,god ( ,gods4  ,adonis ( ,greece 0 
address$ z ,god ,supreme1 & ,osiris (   
,egypt z ! ,"l ( ,life4 ,9 ,phrygia1 x 0
 ,"l ,atys1 z ,*ri/ians say1 ,"l ,jesus 
,*ri/ ,n>ayan ( ,b]muda 0 /yl$ ! ,holy  
,liv+ ,god4 ,! title ,son ( ,god 0 s    
common 9 ne>ly all religi\s c\ntries z  
to excite b little awe or att5tion4  ,/4
 ,basil says1 ,e uncommonly good man 0  

call$ '! ,son ( ,god4' ,! ,asiatic      
,rese>*es says1 ! ,tamulese ador$ a     
div9e ,son ( ,god1 & ,?or ( !           
,sc&9avians 0 d5om9at$ ! fir/-born ,son 
( ,god & s 0 ,*ri%na ( ,india1 & o!r    
demigods4  ,x requires1 !re=e1 a wide   
/ret* ( fai? to believe t ,jesus ,*ri/ 0
 9 any peculi> s5se ! ,son ( ,god1      
because s d5om9at$1 or ! only begott5   
,son ( ,god1 :5 s _m o!rs are report$ 9 
hi/ory be>+ t title4  ,! title ,savior  
is f\nd 9 ! leg5ds ( e religi\s c\ntry4 
,s also ,god1 ,r$eem]1 & ,m$iator4 ,:5 a
 ,mogul or ,?ibetan is ask$ :o is       
,*ri%na1 says ! ,*ri/ian mission>y ,hue1
 ! reply is1 in/antly1 '! ,savior ( m54'
 ,budha 0 kn[n z ! ,savior1 ,creator &  
,wisdom ( ,god1 & ,mi?ra z bo? ,m$iator 
& ,savior1 also z ! ,r$eem]1 & ,*ri%na z
 ! ,div9e ,r$eem]1 also ! ,r$eem] ( !   
,_w4 ,! t]ms ,m$iator & ,int]cessor 7   
also frequ5tly appli$ to him by 8       
disciples4 ,& bo? he & ,quexalcote 7    
hail$ z ! ,messiah4 ,9 %ort1 mo/ anci5t 
religi\s nations 7 honor$ ) or expect$ a

 ,messiah4  ,0 ,jesus ,*ri/ ! ,lamb (   
,god8 7,john i4 #i47 ,s 0 ,*ri%na /yl$ !
 ,holy ,lamb4 ,! ,mexicans1 pref]r+ a   
full-gr[n %eep1 _h _! ,ram ( ,god4 ,!   
,celts _h _! ,heif] ( ,god1 & !         
,egyptians _! ,bull ( ,god4 ,all ^! t]ms
 are ludicr\s emblems ( ,deity1         
repres5t+ him z a quadrup$1 z ! title   
,lamb ( ,god does ,jesus ,*ri/1 a t]m no
 less ludicr\s ?an ! titles ( ! pagan   
,gods z cit$ above4  ,& 0 ,*ri/ ! ,true 
,light8 7,john i4 #i47 ,s 0 ,*ri%na     
likewise call$ ! ,true ,light1 also !   
,giv] ( ,light1 ! ,inw>d ,light1 etc4   
,osiris 0 ! ,r$eem] ( ,light1 &         
,py?agoras 0 bo? ,light & ,tru?4        
,apollonius 0 /yl$ ! ,true ,light ( !   
,_w2 :ile ,simon ,magus 0 call$ ! ,light
 ( all ,m54  ,sev]al nations _h also _! 
,*ri/s1 ?\gh 9 _m cases ! ^w is         
diff]5tly spell$4 ,*re/1 ! ,greek mode (
 spell+ ,*ri/1 may be f\nd on sev]al ( !
 anci5t tomb/ones ( t c\ntry4 ,!        
,*ri/ian writ] ,elsley1 9 8 ,annotations
 ( ! ,gospels 7vol4 i4 p4 #be71 spells !

 ^w ,*ri/ 9 ?is mann]1 ,*re/ ,! p (     
,loretto _h a black ,savior1 call$      
,*re/1 or ,*ri/4 ,lucian1 9 8           
,philopatris1 admits ! anci5t ,g5tiles  
_h ! "n ( ,*ri/1 :i* %[s x 0 a hea!n    
title4 ,! ,*aldeans _h _! ,*ris1 !      
,h9doos _! ,*ri%na1 ! ,greeks _! ,*re/1 
& ! ,*ri/ians _! ,*ri/1 all1 d\btless1  
d]iv$ f ! same orig9al root4  ,z =      
,jesus1 x 0 a common "n among ! ,jews   
long be=e ! adv5t ( ,*ri/4 ,josephus    
ref]s to sev5 or eight p]sons by t "n1 z
 ,jesus1 bro!r ( ,onias1 ,jesus1 son (  
,phabet1 etc4 ,jo%ua 9 ! ,greek =m1     
,jesus1 0 9 /ill m common use4  ,aga91 0
 ,jesus ,*ri/ ! ,alpha & ,omega1 !      
,beg9n+ & ! ,end8 s1 likewise1 ,*ri%na  
proclaim$1 ,i am ! ,beg9n+1 ! ,middle1 &
 ! ,end4 ,osiris & ,*ri%na 7 bo?        
proclaim$ ,judge ( ! ,dead1 z ,jesus 0  
,judge ( quick & dead4 ,isaiah repres5ts
 ! ,fa!r z proclaim+1 ,i am ,jehovah2   
besides me !re is no ,savior4 7,isa4    
xliii4 #aa47 ,) :at consi/5cy1 !n1 c    
,*ri/ be call$ ! ,savior1 if !re is b "o

 ,savior1 & t is ! ,fa!r8  ,& o!r div9e 
titles besides ^? above nam$--9 fact1   
all ^? appli$ to ,*ri/--are f\nd us$    
also 9 ref]5ce to ! old] pagan gods1 &  
h5ce prove no?+4   ,,orig9 ,,( ,,!      
,,t]ms ,,m$iator1 ,,int]cessor1 ,,etc4  
,sev]al causes contribut$ to orig9ate a 
belief 9 ! (fices imag9>ily assign$ to  
div9e ,god-desc5d$ ,m$iators1 ,r$eem]s1 
& ,int]cessors4  #a4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! 
,great ,supreme ,god 0 believ$ to be too
 f> (f & too ari/ocratic to be on       
famili> t]ms ) 8 subjects1 or at all    
times accessible to _! pray]s4 ,h5ce1 0 
gott5 up a ,m$iator1 or middle ,god1 to 
/& midway betwe5 ! ,great ,supreme & !  
p1 & transmit messages "o f ! o!r1 & ?us
 s]ve z ag5t = bo? p>ties4 ,confirmatory
 ( ?is /atem5t is ! decl>ation (        
,mamoides1 9 8 ,guide to ! ,err+1 t !   
anci5t ,sabeans conceiv$ ! pr9cipal     
,god1 on acc\nt ( 8 great di/ance1 to be
 inaccessible2 & h5ce1 9 imitation ( ! p
 9 _! conduct t[>d _! k+1 :o _h to      
address him ?r\gh a p]son appo9t$ = !   

purpose1 !y imag9>ily employ$ a middle  
div9ity1 :o 0 call$ a ,m$iator1 to      
pres5t _! claims to ! ,supreme ,god4 ,"h
 ! :ole secret is out1 ! :ole ?+ is     
expla9$1 & we n[ und]/& :y ,*ri/ is     
call$ a ,m$iator1 ,int]cessor1 ,advocate
 ) ! ,fa!r1 etc4  #b4 ,aga91 ! ,supreme 
,god 0 suppos$ to be frequ5tly angry ) !
 p1 & ?reat5+ to puni% if n to de/roy   
!m4 ,i w puni% ! multitude4 7,j]4 xlvi4 
#be47 ,i w de/roy ! p4 7,ex4 xxiii4     
#bg74 ,h5ce1 ?is middle div9ity1 ?is    
second p]son ( ! tr9ity1 /epp$ 9 to     
plead & int]c$e on _! behalf1 be+1 z we 
mu/ presume1 a bett]-natur$ & m m]ciful 
be+ ?an ! ,fa!r4 ,& ?us int]c$+1 he     
receiv$ ! titles ( ,int]cessor &        
,advocate ) ! ,fa!r4 7#a ,john1 ii4 #a47
  #c4 ,! pr9cipal circum/ance1 h[ev]1   
:i* l$ to ! conception ( a div9e ,savior
 0 ! desire to f9d "s way to cont9ue 9  
s9 & wrong-do+ & escape its natural &   
legitimate consequ5ces2 9 o!r words1 to 
evade ! p5alty4 ,h5ce1 x came to be     
believ$ t p might run riot 9 s91 &      

plunge into ! indulg5ce ( _! passions & 
_! lu/s1 till ! h\r ( dea? approa*$1 :5 
!y w\ld h no?+ to d b to ask =giv5ess1 &
 ca/ ! burd5 ( _! s9s & suff]+s on !    
m]its ( a crucifi$ ,savior & ,r$eem]1 :o
 suff]$ once = all1 t we might escape1 &
 ?us dodge ! p5alty = s94 ,x 01 z ,mr4  
,fleurba* expresses x1 ,a realiz$ wi% to
 be free f ! laws ( morality1 & escape !
 natural consequ5ces ( wrong do+4       
,,*apt] ,x4 ,,! ,,saviors ,,( ,,royal   
,,desc5t1 ,,b ,,humble ,,bir?  ,,we h ! 
s+ul> co9cid5ce pres5t$ 9 ! hi/ories (  
sev]al ( ! ,saviors ( _! l9eal desc5t   
?r\gh a l9e ( k+s or pr9ces1 & yet      
comm5c+ _! probation>y life "u ! mo/    
humble & adv]se circum/ances--be+ born 9
 /ables1 caves1 & o!r inauspici\s       
situations4  ,! /ory ( _! royal blood 0 
calculat$ to add dignity to _! *>act]s1 
:ile _! humble bir? 9 ! mid/ ( pov]ty1 &
 unm>k$ by o/5tation1 w\ld ev9ce _!     
humility1 meekness1 condesc5sion1 &     
abs5ce ( pride1 & ?us proclaim a lesson 
( humility & resignation to _! disciples

 & foll[]s4  ,"h1 seems to be pla9ly    
indicat$ ! motives = assign+ !m to su* a
 bir?1 & su* a "*4  ,*ri/'s l9eal       
desc5t1 x w be rememb]$1 is pr(ess$ly   
trac$ 7?\gh 9 a v zig-zag1 disjo9t$     
mann]7 f ! royal h\se ( ,david4 ,& yet 8
 royal blood did n save him f ! mo/     
ignoble & ignom9i\s bir?1 & obscure     
exordium ( 8 e>? life4  ,a s+ul> /ory1 &
 yet a simil> /ory1 is told ( ! ,indian 
,savior ,*ri%na1 :o 01 accord+ to !     
,rev4 ,mr4 ,all5 7,india1 p4 #cgi7 ( !  
royal h\se ( ,k\sa1 trac$ back ?r\gh _m 
g5]ations4 ,yet1 9 ord] to tea* ! _w a  
lesson ( true humility1 & adm9i/] a j   
repreh5sion to pride1 he submitt$ to be 
born 9 a cave1 amid ! d5iz5s (          
subt]ranean abodes4 ,& "h let x be not$1
 ! be/ & mo/ or?odox writ]s conc$e t    
:ile ,*ri/ is said to h born 9 a mang]1 
t mang] 0 9 a cave4 ,mr4 ,fleetwood 7a v
 popul> ,*ri/ian writ]7 te/ifies 9 ?is  
matt] t ! ,greek fa!rs g5]ally agree t !
 place ( ,*ri/'s bir? 0 a cave4 7,life (
 ,*ri/1 p4 #efh47 ,!n ! co9cid5ce 9 ?is 

respect betwe5 ,*ri/ & ,*ri%na may be   
set d[n z complete4  ,we h no means (   
le>n+ h[ _m ( ! ,saviors 7 ( royal      
blood1 z ! g5ealogy ( "s ( !m is n giv54
 ,b ^? ^: l9eal desc5t is furni%$ u are 
almo/ uni=mly trac$ to or ev9c$ z spr++ 
f royal p>5tage1 & practical humility--s
 f> z x c be taught by an uno/5tati\s   
bir?--is a lesson taught by ne>ly all4  
,budha ,sakia ( ,h9do/an is directly    
trac$ ?r\gh a royal p$igree4  ,speak+ on
 ?is po9t1 "o writ] rem>ks3 ,tradition  
affirms t 8 "m 0 betro!d to a rajah1 & (
 c\rse h] son belong$ to ! same royal   
ca/e t ,*ri%na did dur+ 8 exi/5ce on    
e>?4 7,prog4 ,rel4 ,ideas1 vol1 i4 #hd47
  ,! ,great ,prophet ( ,arabia          
7,mahomet7 n only comm5c$ 8 e>?ly c>e] 9
 a humble situation1 b resembl$ ,*ri/ 9 
hav+ n[h]e to lay 8 head4 ,x is said ( !
 ,great ,prophet1 ,a cloak spread on !  
gr\nd s]v$ him = a b$1 & a sk9 fill$ )  
date leaves 0 8 pill[4 ,! g5ealogy ( !  
,god ,yu 7( ,*9a7 is trac$ ?r\gh a l9e (
 pr9ces to a v remote orig91 :ile 8 :ole

 life 0 a lesson ( practical humility1 &
 proclaim$ at e /ep1 ,?is is ! way2 walk
 ye 9 x4     ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,,*ri/',s    
,,g5ealogy  ,,9 ord] to exalt ! dignity 
& "* ( ! ,*ri/ian ,messiah /ill high]   
?an a m]e claim = a div9e orig9         
pat]nally w\ld h ! effect to d1 two ( 8 
assum$ to be inspir$ biograph]s h set up
 = him a claim to a royal l9eage ?r\gh !
 mat]nal l9e4  ,h5ce1 !y tell u t he    
desc5d$ f & ?r\gh a l9e ( k+s embrac+ ! 
h\se ( ,david4 ,b 9 pres5t+ ! names1 & !
 numb] ( g5]ations1 9 _! attempts to    
make out ?is royal di/9ction1 ?is k+ly  
exaltation ( bir?1 !y exhibit a mo/     
egregi\s bungle1 & ! mo/ b>efac$ tissue 
( discrepancies4 ,= !y n only diff]     
widely ) ea* o!r 9 ?is matt]1 b diff] ) 
! ,old ,te/am5t g5ealogy1 & diff] ) ^?  
texts :i* give ! mat]nal ance/ry (      
,jesus4  ,inde$1 ?\gh v>y+ z wide z !   
poles f ea* o!r1 !y bo? miss ,jesus &   
arrive at ,joseph 9 trac+ d[n !         
g5]ations f ,abraham 7unless we assume  
!y int5d$ to repres5t ,joseph z be+ 8   

fa!r74  ,luke1 9 8 gospel1 names & c\nts
 (f =ty-"o g5]ations f ,david to        
,joseph1 ?\gh he _h previ\sly repres5t$ 
x z be+ =ty-two2 b ,mat!w says t f      
,abraham to ,david are f\rte5 g5]ations1
 b accord+ to 8 own %[+1 & accord+ to 8 
own li/ ( names1 !re are b ?irte54 ,& !n
 he tells u !re are b f\rte5 g5]ations f
 ,david to ! c>ry+ away into ,babylon4  
,b,ut accord+ to ! ,old ,te/am5t        
g5ealogy 7see i ,*ron4 iii47 !re 7      
eighte54  ,& !n ! names compris$ 9 ! two
 g5ealogies ( ,mat!w & ,luke are s      
widely diff]5t f t f\nd 9 ,*ronicles1 z 
to set all analogy & agreem5t at        
defiance4  ,9 fact1 9 _! :ole li/ (     
names1 f ,david d[n to ,joseph1 !y only 
come toge!r twice4 ,_! names are all    
diff]5t b two1 t ( ,sala?iel &          
,zorobabel1 :i* names alone are f\nd 9  
bo? li/s4  ,mat!w tells u t ! son (     
,david1 ?r\gh :om ,joseph desc5d$1 0    
,solomon1 b ,luke says x 0 ,na?an4 ,!   
next "n 9 ,mat!w's li/ is t ( ,roboam1 b
 ! correspond+ "n 9 ,luke's li/ is      

,matta?a4 ,mat!w's next "n is ,abia1 :i*
 ,luke gives z ,m5an1 :ile ,*ronicles   
diff]s f bo?1 & gives x z ,abijah4      
,mat!w says ,joram begat ,ozias1 b      
,*ronicles virtually decl>es ,joram _h  
no su* son1 al?\gh he _h a              
great-great-gr&son ,uzziah4 ,b ,luke    
says1 9 effect1 !re 0 no su* p]son 9 !  
g5ealogical tree1 or family l9e1 z ei!r 
,joram1 ,ozias or ,uzziah4 ,mat!w says  
aga91 ,josias begat ,je*onias & 8       
bre?r51 ab\t ! "t !y 7 c>ri$ away to    
,babylon4 7,matt4 i4 ii47  ,b ,*ronicles
 decl>es t ,je*onias 0 ,jehoiakim's son1
 & n ,josiah's1 & t ,josiah _h no su*   
son4 ,&1 besides1 we le>n1 f #b ,k+s    
xiii41 t ,josiah 0 kill$ elev5 ye>s be=e
 ! exile to ,babylon1 & c\ld n well     
beget a son aft] he _h be5 defunct a t5?
 ( a c5tury4  ,mat!w1 aft] nam+         
tw5ty-f\r g5]ations z fill+ out ! l9e1 &
 mak+ x complete betwe5 ,david & ,jacob1
 concludes by say+1 & ,jacob begat      
,joseph1 ! husb& ( ,m>y4  ,b ,luke1     
antec$5t to sp9n+ out 8 li/ to f\rte5   

g5]ations m ?an ,mat!w1 i4 e41 mak+ x   
f\rte5 g5]ations long]1 decl>es t       
,joseph 0 ! son ( ,heli4 ,s t ,joseph   
ei!r _h two fa!rs1 ,jacob & ,heli2 or   
,mat!w or ,luke1 or bo?1 7 mo/          
egregi\sly mi/ak51 ) all _! inspiration4
  ,aga91 ,luke says t ,sala?iel 0 ! son 
( ,n]i2 b ,*ronicles says he 0 ! son (  
,je*onias4 ,& aft] ,*ronicles _h regi/]$
 ,zorobabel z ! son ( ,p5niah1 ,mat!w & 
,luke1 assum+ to become wise above :at 0
 writt51 bo? decl>e t he 0 ! son (      
,sala?iel4 ,!y agree "h 9 contradict+   
,*ronicles1 :i* is ! only in/ance b "o (
 _! agreem5t 9 ! :ole li/ ( prog5itors f
 ,david to ,joseph4  ,) ?is exception !y
 contradict ea* o!r all ! way ?r\gh1 & 9
 _m in/ances t ( ,*ronicles1 too4  ,?is 
is a /range way1 inde$1 ( prov+ ,jesus  
,*ri/ to h _h two fa!rs6--to be bo? !   
son ( ,god & son ( ,david6 ,& x is /ill 
/rang] t !y %\ld trace 8 g5ealogy to    
,joseph1 if !y did n consid] him        
,joseph's son4 ,o!rwise1 ! g5ealogy (   
,s9bad ! ,sailor1 or ,h>ry ,haulaway1   

w\ld h be5 z apropos4  ,su* are !       
beautiful h>mony & agreem5t 9 ! words ( 
div9e inspiration :i* ,*ri/ians prate s 
mu* ab\t4  ,& all ?is appe>s to be !    
result ( an attempt to elevate ! man    
,*ri/ ,jesus to a level ) ! demigods (  
antiquity1 ne>ly all ( :om claim$ to be 
( royal or pr9cely desc5t4 ,su* cont9ual
 blund]+1 guess+1 cross-fir+1 & cla%+ ( 
names z is exhibit$ 9 ! =ego+           
exposition1 rem9ds u ( ! ,hib]nian's    
reply :5 ask$ = ! numb] & names ( 8     
bro!rs3  ,well1 sir1 ,i h f\rte5 bro!rs1
 & !y are all nam$ ,bill b ,bob--8 "n is
 ,tom4  ,mat!w & ,luke's attempt to     
exalt & dignify ! "* ( ,*ri/ by mak+ out
 = him a pure1 holy & royal l9eage we   
f9d1 ^u a critical exam9ation n only    
prov$ a v signal b a v s+ul> & ludicr\s 
failure1 = all 8 female an*ors :o are   
br\ght to notice 7 p]sons ( libid9\s or 
lic5ti\s t5d5cies1 accord+ to _! own    
biblical hi/ory4  ,x is rem>kable1 says 
,dr4 ,alex&] ,walk]1 7a ,*ri/ian writ]1 
9 8 "w on ,woman1 p4 #ccj71 t 9 !       

g5ealogy ( ,*ri/ only f\r wom5 are nam$3
 ,?am>1 :o s$uc$ ! fa!r ( h] late husb&1
 & ,ra*el1 a common pro/itute1 & ,ru?1  
:o1 in/ead ( m>ry+ "o ( h] c\s9s1 w5t to
 b$ ) ano!r ( !m1 & ,ba?%eba1 an        
adult]ess1 :o esp\s$ ,david1 ! murd]] ( 
h] fir/ husb&4  ,:at a p$igree = an     
inc>nate ,god--a be+ o/5sibly ( spotless
 orig96 ?\gh 8 impure ance/ral orig9    
does n detract f ! high moral "* &      
di/+ui%$ moral life :i* m>ks ! hi/ory ( 
! man ,*ri/ ,jesus1 _m incid5ts ( ^:    
life %[ him to h be5 :at is n[ kn[n z a 
spiritual m$ium4     ,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,,! 
,,_w',s ,,saviors ,,sav$ ,,f            
,,de/ruction ,,9 ,,infancy  ,,( c\rse   
su* an extraord9>y circum/ance z ! bir? 
( a ,god into ! _w mu/ be m>k$ ) unusual
 incid5ts & great eclat4 ,?is 0 fir/    
exhibit$ by angels1 %eph]ds1 prophets1  
magi or wise m51 flock+ ar\nd _!        
cradles4 ,9 ! second place we obs]ve an 
unusual display ( div9e p[] &           
provid5tial c>e on ! "p ( ! great ,fa!r 
,god1 :o 0 /ill left 9 heav5 to save !  

"y saviors ?r\gh _! infancy4  ,x is     
c]ta9ly a rem>kable circum/ance t s _m (
 ! infant ,saviors %\ld h be5 ?reat5$ ) 
! mo/ imm95t dang] ( de/ruction1 & yet 9
 e case miracul\sly pres]v$1 & ?us 7 !  
,saviors sav$4  ,a jeal\sy seems to h   
exi/$ 9 sev]al in/ances 9 ! m9d ( !     
tyrant k+ or rul] ( ! c\ntry t ! "y     
,saviors & prospective spiritual rul]s  
7:o 7 mo/ly ( royal desc5t7 w\ld        
ultimately acquire su* favor ) ! p1 by  
su* a display ( sup]ior p[] & greatness 
( m9d1 z to endang] 8 reta9+ peaceable  
possession ( ! secul> ?rone2 to express 
x 9 brief1 he fe>$ ! "y ,god w\ld prove 
a rival k+1 & h5ce took measures to     
de/roy him4  ,9 ! case ( ! ,*ri/ian     
,savior we are told t an angel1 or !    
angel1 w>n$ ,joseph 7! assum$ fa!r7 to  
take ! "y ,savior & ,god & flee ) him   
into ,egypt1 because ,h]od ! k+ s\ght to
 de/roy ! "y *ild's life1 & _h1 9 ord]  
to effect ?is end1 decre$ ! de/ruction (
 all ! *ildr5 "u two ye>s old4 ,&       
,joseph he$$ ! div9e w>n+1 & fl$ z      

direct$4 ,an angel & a dream1 !n1 x w be
 obs]v$1 7 ! in/rum5talities us$ to save
 ! "y ,judean ,savior f massacre4  ,&   
/range z x may seem1 we f9d ! same      
ag5cies _h be5 previ\sly employ$ to     
effect ! rescue ( o!r ,saviors likewise 
& simil>ly ?reat5$4  ,9 ! case ( ,*ri%na
 ( ,india1 9 p>ticul>1 ! similitude is v
 /rik+ 9 ne>ly e feature ( ! :ole /ory4 
,9 ! fir/ place !re is ! angel w>n+4 ,9 
! ,*ri/ian /ory we are n specifically   
in=m$ h[ ! tyrant ,h]od fir/ became     
appris$ ( ! bir? ( ! ,judean ,savior4 ,!
 ,h9doo /ory is full]1 & indicates t !  
angel 0 n only suffici5tly ?\ghtful to  
w>n ! p>5ts to flee f a dang] :i*       
?reat5$ to dispossess !m ( a div9e *ild1
 & ! _w ( a ,savior1 b 0 condesc5d+     
en\gh to apprise ! tyrant rul] 7,cansa7 
( 8 dang] likewise--z we are told he    
he>d an angel voice ann\nc+ t a rival   
rul] 0 born 9 8 k+dom4  ,& h5ce1 l      
,h]od1 he set ab\t concoct+ measures to 
de/roy him )\t a direct attack4 ,:y ei!r
 ( !m %\ld h tak5 su* a circuit\s or    

r\ndab\t way ( kill+ an infant1 :5 !    
life ( ! /ronge/ man1 & e man 9 _!      
k+doms1 0 at _! in/ant disposal1 div9e  
inspiration does n in=m u4  ,b s x 04 ,&
 we mu/ n seek to become wise above :at 
is writt5 9 _! bibles4 ,h]od's decree   
requir$ ! de/ruction ( all infants "u   
two ye>s ( age 7see ,matt4 ii4          
#af7--;fir/ ord]+1 h[ev]1 ,g1 & se>*    
dilig5tly = ! "y *ild4 7,matt4 ii4 #h47 
,cansa's decree ran ?us3 ,let active    
se>* be made = :atev] "y *ildr5 !re may 
be ^u e>?1 & let e boy 9 :om !re may be 
f\nd signs ( unusual greatness be sla9  
)\t remorse4  ,n[1 let x be specially   
notic$ t !re is to ?is day 9 ! cave     
temple at ,elephanta1 9 ,india1 !       
sculptur$ lik5ess ( a k+ repres5t$ ) a  
drawn sword1 & surr\nd$ ) slaught]$     
infants--admitt$ by all writ]s to be mu*
 old] ?an ,*ri/ianity4 ,mr ,=bes1 9 8   
,ori5tal ,memories1 vol4 iii4 p4 #ddg1  
says1 ,! figures ( ! slaught]$ infants 9
 ! cave ( ,elephanta repres5t !m z be+  
all boys1 :o are surr\nd$ by gr\ps (    

figures ( m5 & wom5 9 ! act1 app>5tly1 (
 supplicat+ = ^? *ildr54 ,& ,mr4 ,higg9s
 te/ifies relative to ! case1 t ,*ri%na 
0 c>ri$ away by night1 & conceal$ 9 a   
region remote f 8 natal place1 = fe> ( a
 tyrant ^: de/roy] x _h be5 =etold he   
w\ld become1 :o1 = t reason1 _h ord]$   
all ! male *ildr5 born at t "t to be    
sla94 ,sculptures 9 ,elephanta atte/ !  
/ory :]e ! tyrant is repres5t$ z de/roy+
 ! *ildr54 ,! date ( ?is sculpture is ( 
! mo/ remote antiquity4 ,he :o ha? e>s  
to he>1 let him he>1 & d$uce ! pregnant 
inf]5ce4 ,joseph & ,m>y fl$ ) ! "y      
,judean ,god into ,egypt2 ,*ri%na's     
p>5ts likewise fl$ ) ! "y ,h9doo ,savior
 to ,gokul4  ,n[1 let u obs]ve = a mom5t
 ! *a9 or category or resemblance4  #a4 
,!re 0 an angel w>n+ 9 ea* case relative
 to ! imp5d+ dang]4  #b4 ,! gov]nor or  
rul] 0 ho/ile 9 ea* case to ! mission ( 
! "y ,savior4  #c4 ,a bloody decree 0   
issu$ 9 bo? cases1 hav+ = its object !  
de/ruction ( ^! infant ,messiahs4  #d4  
,! hurri$ flight ( ! p>5ts takes place 9

 ea* case4  #e4 ,& x may be rem>k$      
fur!r1 t ! ,gospel ( ! ,infancy (       
,jesus1 once believ$ by ! ,*ri/ian _w to
 be inspir$1 & :i* = hundr$s ( ye>s     
pass$ curr5t z div9e au?ority1 relates t
 ,*ri/ & 8 p>5ts soj\rn$ = a "t at a    
place call$ ,mat>ea1 or ,ma?ura1 z ,sir 
,william ,jones spells x1 :o says x 0 ! 
bir? place ( ,*ri%na4  ,x is fur!r      
relat$ 9 ! case ( ,*ri%na1 t z he & 8   
p>5ts approa*$ ! ,riv] ,jumna 9 _!      
flight1 ! wat]s p>t$ hi!r & ?i!r1 s t !y
 pass$ ov] dry %od1 l ,moses & !        
,israelites 9 cross+ ! ,r$ ,sea4 ,& "h  
let x be not$ t ! repres5tation ( ?is   
flight1 :i* is said to h occurr$ at     
midnight1 is l t ( ! massacre p]petuat$ 
& atte/$ by imp]i%able monum5ts ( /one  
be>+ evid5ce ( be+ n[ sev]al ?\s& ye>s  
old4  ,sir ,william ,jones says3--  ,!  
,indian inc>nate ,god ,*ri%na1 ! ,h9doos
 believe1 _h a virg9 "m ( ! royal race1 
:o 0 s\ght to be de/roy$ 9 8 infancy    
ab\t n9e hundr$ ye>s be=e ,*ri/4 ,x     
appe>s t he pass$ 8 life 9 work+        

miracles1 & prea*+1 & 0 s humble z to   
wa% 8 fri5ds' feet2 at l5g?1 dy+1 b ris+
 f ! dead1 he asc5d$ into heav5 9 !     
pres5ce ( a multitude4 ,! ,c+alese      
relate ne>ly ! same ?+s ( _! ,budha4 ,& 
sev]al au?ors ( ,egyptian hi/ory ref] to
 a /ory p]petuat$ 9 ! ,egyptian leg5ds  
conc]n+ ! ,god ,osiris1 :o 0 ?reat5$ )  
de/ruction by ! tyrant ,amulius1 to save
 :om 8 p>5ts fl$ & conceal$ him 9 an arm
 ( ! ,riv] ,nile1 z ,*ri/ 0 conceal$ 9 !
 same c\ntry1 &1 = aught t appe>s to !  
contr>y1 9 ! same locality4 ,! "m (     
ano!r & old] ,savior ( ,egypt fl$ by a  
timely w>n+ to ,epidamis be=e ! bir? ( !
 div9e *ild1 & 0 !re deliv]$ ( our ,"l &
 ,savior1 ,horus4 ,& ! e>?ly or adopt$  
fa!r ( ! ,grecian ,savior1 & ,god1      
,alcides1 _h to flee ) him & 8 "m to    
,galem = protection f ?reat5+ dang]4  ,9
 ! n9? & t5? volumes ( ! ,asiatic       
,rese>*es1 we f9d ! /ory ( ! only       
begott5 or fir/ begott5 son ( ,god1     
,salvahana1 ( ,cape ,comor91 son ( a    
virg9 "m 7z 7 all ! o!r ,saviors ref]r$ 

to71 & a c>p5t] by ! "n ( ,tai%nea4 7,x 
w be rememb]$ t ,joseph1 fo/]-fa!r (    
,jesus1 0 a c>p5t]47 ,! /ory ( ?is ,son 
( ,god pres5ts sev]al features v simil> 
to t relat+ to ,jesus4 ,sir ,william    
,jones1 ,colonel ,wil=d1 & ! ,rev4 ,mr4 
,maurice all confess to ! antiquity (   
?is /ory1 z orig9at+ be=e ! bir? (      
,*ri/4 ,speak+ ( ,zoroa/] ( ,p]sia      
7ano!r case71 #fjj ,b4 ,c41 an au?or    
rem>ks1 ,tradition reports t 8 "m _h    
al>m+ dreams ( evil spirits seek+ to    
de/roy ! *ild to :om %e 0 ab\t to give  
bir?4 ,b a good _s came to rescue him1 &
 consol$ h] by say+1 ',fe> n2 ,god      
,ormuzd w protect ! infant1 :o has s5t  
him z a prophet to ! p & ! _w :o are    
wait+ = him4  ,*9a1 too1 pres5ts u ) a  
case ( ! ?reat5$ de/ruction ( a ,savior 
9 infancy1 evid5tly record$ m ?an two   
?\s& five hundr$ ye>s ago4 ,x is ! case 
( ! ,god ,yu1 :o 0 conceal$ 9 a mann]   
simil> to t ( ,moses--a commemoration ( 
! /ory ( :i* is p]petuat$ by an image or
 picture ( ! virg9 "m ) a babe ^u h]    

knee--sometimes 9 h] arms4 ,n[1 let x be
 not$ t ^! virg9-born ,gods1 :o1 we are 
told1 came to save ! _w1 c\ld n save    
!mselves1 b _h to be protect$ & sav$ by 
o!r ,gods4  ,)\t pursu+ ! subject fur!r 
9 detail1 we may m5tion by way (        
recapitulation1 t ,*ri%na1 ,alcides1    
,zora/]1 ,salvahana1 ,yu1 to :i* li/ we 
may add ,bac*us1 ,romulus1 ,moses &     
,cyrus1 accord+ to _! reput$ hi/ory1 7  
?reat5$ ) dea? & de/ruction1 b 7        
provid5tially & miracul\sly pres]v$4 ,! 
case ( ,augu/us is relat$ by ,suetonius1
 t ( ,romulus by ,livy1 & t ( ,cyrus by 
,h]odotus4 ,x w be recollect$ t ,ph>aoh1
 l ,h]od1 9 ord] to rea* ! infant       
,moses1 ord]$ ! massacre ( all ! male   
infants 7,h]od mak+ no di/9ction ( sex71
 9 ord] t he might1 by ?is s+ul> &      
circuit\s me?od1 rea* ! object ( 8      
jeal\sy & malignity )\t pass+ a direct  
s5t5ce ( dea? ^u him4  ,! :ole /ory (   
,h]od's slaught] edict1 ) ! famili>     
hi/ory ( its execution1 l ne>ly e o!r   
miracul\s incid5t relat$ 9 ,! ,holy     

,scriptures1 :i* detail _! hi/ories1 are
 traceable 9 ! skies4 ,h]od1 we are     
told1 lit]ally means h]o ( ! sk9--a t]m 
appli$ also to ,h]cules1 a              
p]sonification ( ! sun--because ! sun1  
on ent]+ ! con/ellation ( ! ,zodiac 9   
,july1 0 suppos$ or assum$ to inve/     
himself ) ! sk9 ( ! lion1 & ?is became !
 h]o ( ! sk91 or a h]o ) a new sk94 ,n[ 
?is sol> ,h]od1 pass+ ?r\gh !           
a/ronomical tw9s & "y infants ( ,may1 0 
said to de/roy !m1 ?\gh ! ^w de/roy is 9
 ! ,greek anairean1 :i* any p]son1 on   
turn+ to ! ,greek lexicon1 w obs]ve     
means also to take away1 pass ?r\gh1 or 
)draw f1 s t ,ph>aoh m prop]ly pass$    
?r\gh ! infants ?an de/roy$ !m4  ,!     
text1 ,9 ,rama !re 0 a voice he>d1      
,ra*el weep+ = h] *ildr51 etc41 is quot$
 by a writ] 7,/rauss7 z ref]r+ to !     
*ildr5 slaught]$ by ,ph>aoh4 ,let two   
?+s be notic$ "h3 #a4 ,rama is ! ,indian
 & ,pho5ician "n = ! zodiac4 #b4 ,ra*el 
_h b two *ildr5 to weep =--,joseph &    
,b5jam9--j ! numb] f\nd 9 ! fif? sign1  

or ,may sign1 ( ! zodiac4 ,& ,v5us1     
among ! anci5t ,assyrians & ,pho5icians1
 0 9 te>s :5 ! sun1 9 8 annual cross    
?r\gh ! heav5s1 pass$ ?r\gh or ov] !    
a/ronomical ,tw9s 7,gem9i71 d\btless    
fe>fully appreh5d+ _! de/ruction4  ,!   
case ( ! massacre is an illu/ration &   
example ( ! mann] 9 :i* all ! miracul\s 
/ories relat$ 9 ! ,*ri/ian ,scriptures1 
z hav+ be5 practically exemplifi$ 9 !   
life ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 are traceable to   
old] s\rces1 frequ5tly t]m9at+ among !  
/>s4   ,,section ,,ii4--,,incr$ibility  
,,( ,,! ,,/ory ,,( ,,! ,,massacre ,,(   
,,! ,,hebrew ,,infants4  #a4 ,x is a    
cog5t & pot5t fact1 calculat$ to r5d] ! 
/ory ( ! murd] ( ! ,hebrew *ildr5 by    
,h]od :olly incr$ible1 t n "o writ] ( t 
age1 or t nation1 or any o!r nation1    
makes any m5tion ( ! circum/ance4  #b4  
,ev5 ! ,rabb9ical writ]s :o detail 8    
wick$ life s m9utely1 & :o br+ to 8 *>ge
 s _m flagiti\s acts1 fail to record any
 notice ( ?is horrible & atroci\s de$1  
:i* mu/ h be5 publi%$ f> & wide1 & kn[n 

to all ! writ]s ( t age & c\ntry1 _h x  
occurr$4  #c4 ,& /ill m logically ru9\s 
to ! cr$it ( ! /ory is ! omission (     
,josephus to ?r[ out "o h9t t su* a     
:olesale slaught] ev] took place 9      
,judea4 ,& yet he n only liv$ 9 t       
c\ntry1 b 0 relat$ to ,h]od's wife1 &   
reg>d$ him z 8 mo/ implacable enemy1 &  
pr(esses to write out ! :ole hi/ory ( 8 
wick$ life 9 ! mo/ m9ute detail1 devot+ 
?irty-sev5 *apt]s ( 8 l>ge "w to ?is    
subject1 & app>5tly enum]ates e evil act
 ( 8 life4 ,& yet ,josephus says n a ^w 
ab\t 8 inhuman & infam\s but*]y ( !     
babes :i* ,mat!w *>ges him ) 7ab\t      
f\rte5 ?\s& 9 numb]7--a bloody de$1     
unmat*$ 9 ! annals ( tyranny4 ,su* facts
 prove ! /ory n only incr$ible1 b       
impossible4 ,josephus c\ld n & w\ld n h 
omitt$ to notice ?is ! mo/ notori\s &   
nef>i\s act ( 8 life1 _h x occurr$4 ,x1 
!re=e1 c\ld n h occurr$4 ,& x is almo/  
equally incr$ible t ,roman hi/orians1 :o
 furni% u ) a p>ticul> acc\nt ( ,h]od's 
"*1 %\ld pass ov] 9 sil5ce su* a        

villa9\s & bloody de$4  #d4 ,& !n "s (  
our able/ & mo/ reliable *ronologi/s h  
%[n t ,h]od 0 n liv+ at ! "t ?is bloody 
decree %\ld h be5 issu$ by him2 t he di$
 ab\t ?ree ye>s prior to t p]iod1 & h5ce
 c\ld h be5 guilty ( no su* villa9y1 &  
highh&$ murd]1 & cruel infanticide4  #e4
 ,& ev5 if liv+1 he w\ld h be5 an old   
man 7n less ?an sixty-eight accord+ to  
,josephus74 ,h5ce1 he c\ld n h calculat$
 on surviv+ long en\gh = ! son ( a      
village c>p5t]1 !n a babe1 to ou/ him f 
8 ?rone4  #f4 ,x is :olly incr$ible1    
also1 t ,h]od %\ld h adopt$ su* a       
r\ndab\t me?od ( de/roy+ ! object ( 8   
fe> & envy :5 he c\ld h s+l$ him out1 & 
put him to dea? at once1 & ?us avoid !  
feloni\s act ( break+ ! he>ts ( ?\s&s ( 
p>5ts1 & 8 mo/ loyal subjects1 too4  #g4
 ,f ! =ego+ consid]ations1 we endorse ! 
s5tim5t ( ! ,rev4 ,edw>d ,evanson1 t x  
is an incr$ible1 borr[$ fiction4        
,,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,,! ,,saviors ,,exhibit 
,,e>ly ,,pro(s ,,( ,,div9ity4  ,,(      
c\rse1 all ,gods mu/ be                 

h]oes--physically or intellectually1 or 
bo?4 ,! m dang] !y enc\nt]1 & ! e>li] !y
 manife/ a precoci\s or pret]natural    
sm>tness1 ! m l ,gods4  ,& h5ce we f9d  
sev]al ( ! ,saviors 9 v e>ly *ildhood   
display+ great physical pr[ess 9 meet+ &
 conqu]+ dang]1 :ile o!rs exhibit _!    
sup]iority m5tally by vanqui%+ _!       
oppon5ts 9 argum5t4 ,*ri/ fir/ began to 
exhibit pro( ( 8 div9e "* & greatness by
 meet+ & sil5c+ ! doctors 9 ! temple :5 
only ab\t twelve ye>s ( age4  ,& simil> 
pro(s ( div9ity at or ne> ?is age is    
f\nd 9 ! hi/ory ( "s ( ! pagan ,saviors4
  ,( ,*ri/ x is decl>$1 ,!re w5t out a  
fame ( him ?r\gh all ! region r\nd ab\t4
 7,luke iv4 #ad47 ,& ( ! ,grecian       
,esculapius x is likewise decl>$1 ,!    
voice ( fame soon publi%$ ! bir? ( a    
miracul\s *ild1 & ! p flock$ f all      
qu>t]s to behold him4 ,( ,confucius (   
,*9a x is decl>$1 ,8 ext5sive k & great 
wisdom soon made him kn[n1 & k+s 7      
gov]n$ by 8 c\nsels1 & ! p ador$ him    
:]ev] he w5t4 ,& x is fur!r decl>$ ( ?is

 ,div9e ,man1 t he seem$ to arrive at   
reason & ! p]fect use ( 8 faculties     
almo/ f infancy4 ,x is report$ ( ! ,god 
,*ang-ti1 t :5 que/ion$ on ! subject (  
gov]nm5t & ! duties ( pr9ces & rul]s    
:ile yet a *ild1 8 answ]s 7 su* z to    
a/oni% ! :ole empire by 8 k & wisdom4   
,x is relat$ ( a ,grecian ,god t he     
demoli%$ ! s]p5ts :i* attempt$ to bite  
or de/roy him :ile 9 8 cradle4 ,! pro( (
 ,osiris's div9ity 0 a blaze ( light %9+
 ar\nd 8 cradle soon aft] he 0 born4    
,relative to ,py?agoras ( ! same c\ntry1
 we h x ^u ! au?ority ( a ,*ri/ian      
writ]1 t he exhibit$ su* a rem>kable "*1
 ev5 9 y\?1 z to attract ! att5tion (   
all :o saw & he>d him speak4 ,& ! au?or 
fur!r te/ifies ( him t he nev] 0 at any 
"t ov]come ) ang]1 laught]1 or          
p]turbation ( m9d or precipitation (    
conduct4 ,8 fame hav+ rea*$ ,miletus &  
neighbor+ cities1 x is said by ano!r    
writ]1 ! p flock$ to see & he> him1 & he
 0 rev]5c$ by multitudes4  ,luke decl>es
 ( ,*ri/1 t ! p 7 a/oni%$ at 8 und]/&+ &

 answ]s4 7,luke ii4 #dg47 ,& ! ,gospel (
 ! ,infancy tells u t 8 tutor ,za*eas 0 
a/oni%$ at 8 le>n+1 :i* rem9ds u ( !    
/atem5t f\nd 9 ,! ,div9e ,^w ( ! ,h9doos
 7,! ,mahab>at71 t ! p>5ts ( ! ,savior  
,*ri%na1 9 mak+ arrangem5ts to give him 
an education1 s5t him to a le>n$ ,brahm9
 z tutor1 :om he in/antly a/oni%$ ) 8   
va/ le>n+1 & "u ^: tuition he ma/]$ !   
:ole circle ( sci5ces 9 a day & a night4
 ,m51 see+ ! wond]s p]=m$ by ?is *ild1  
told ,n&a 78 adopt$ fa!r7 t ?is c\ld n  
possibly be 8 son4  ,x is told ( ,budha 
,sakia ( ,india t1 z soon z he 0 born1 a
 light %one ar\nd 8 cradle1 :5 he /ood  
up & proclaim$ 8 mission1 & t ! ,riv]   
,ganges d>+ ?is "t rose 9 a miracul\s   
mann]1 :i* 0 /ill$ by 8 div9e p[]1 z    
,*ri/ /ill$ ! tempe/ on ! sea4 ,he 0    
born1 says ! ,new ,am]ican ,cyclop$ia   
7vol4 iv4 p4 #fa71 amid/ great miracles1
 & soon z born1 mo/ solemnly proclaims 8
 mission4  ,( ,n>ayan1 ! ,holy1 x is    
decl>$ t my/]i\s words dropp$ f 8 lips  
on v>i\s occasions1 giv+ h9ts ( 8 div9e 

nature & ! purposes = :i* he _h come d[n
 to ! e>?4 7,prog4 ,rel4 ,ideas1 vol4 i4
 p4 #abh47 ,! div9e p[] & mission ( ,yu 
( ,*9a 0 v e>ly ev9c$ by ! display (    
great miracles4  ,& "h let u obs]ve t "s
 ( ! ,old ,te/am5t or ,jewi% h]oes--z   
,moses1 ,solomon & ,samuel--are report$ 
z exhibit+ great sup]iority ( m9d 9 v   
e>ly life2 ?us prov+ 7x 0 ?\ght7 t if !y
 7 n ,gods1 !y 7 at lea/ f ,god--t is1  
end[$ by him ) div9e p[] :ile yet m]e   
*ildr54 ,?us ! hi/ories ( all ,gods &   
div9e p]sonages run 9 p>allel grooves4  
,,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,,! ,,saviors2 ,,k+doms  
,,n ,,( ,,?is ,,_w  ,retirem5t & ,=ty   
,days' ,fa/+4  ,,*ri/ taught1 ,my k+dom 
is n ( ?is _w4  ,& we f9d t mo/ ( ! o!r 
,saviors virtually & practically taught 
! same doctr9e4  ,! fir/ practical      
ev9cem5t ( x 0 exhibit$ by retir+ f !   
_w2 t is1 !y retir$ f ! noise &         
commotion1 f ! busy sc5es ( life1 into  
"s seque/]$ spot exclud$ f human        
obs]vation4 ,*ri/ is report$ to h )drawn
 f society1 & to h sp5t "s =ty days 9 ! 

wild]ness fa/+ & be+ tempt$ by ,satan--a
 man ( /raw conjur$ up 9 ord] to furni% 
! h]o ,god some?+ to combat )1 t he     
might !reby exhibit practical pro( ( 8  
div9e p[] & pr[ess4 ,x 0 simply ! two   
k+s or rul]s ( two ho/ile k+doms 7heav5 
& hell7 cont5d+ = ! ma/]y4  ,"l         
,k+sbor\gh tells u1 ,! anci5t ,mexicans 
_h a =ty days' fa/ 9 honor & memory ( "o
 ( _! demigods or ,saviors1 :o 0 tempt$ 
=ty days on a m\nta94 ,he is call$ '!   
,morn+ ,/>'4 ,mr4 ,k+sbor\gh 7be+ a     
,*ri/ian7 rem>ks1 ,^! ?+s are v curi\s &
 my/]i\s4  ,x is said ( ! ,son ( ,god & 
,savior ,*ri%na t he imp>t$ 8 doctr9es &
 precepts 9 ! sil5t dep?s ( ! =e/4 ,( ! 
,egyptian ,god ,osiris1 we are in=m$ 9 8
 sacr$ leg5ds1 t he obs]v$ bo? fa/+ &   
p5ance1 :ile ,py?agoras ( ,greece sp5t  
sev]al ye>s 9 m$itation & retirem5t 9 a 
cave1 & 0 mu* giv5 to fa/+1 & (t5       
inculcat$ ! doctr9e ( =sak+ ! _w & ! ?+s
 !re(4 ,he taught ^! ?+s bo? by precept 
& example1 ev5 to ! =sak+ ( relations4  
,bo? ,confucius & ! ,div9e ,savior      

,*ang-ti ( ,*9a1 9 ord] to atta9 to a m 
p]fect /ate ( hol9ess1 sp5t sev]al ye>s 
9 retirem5t & div9e m$itation1 ! =m] 9 a
 wild]ness1 ! latt] on a m\nta91 & fa/$1
 & _! disciples aft] !m (t5 fa/$ 9 a v  
dev\t mann]4 ,! ,p]sian ,zoroa/] also   
sp5t sev]al ye>s 9 retirem5t &          
contemplation on true hol9ess--p>tly 9 a
 wild]ness & p>tly on a holy m\nta91    
holy m\nta9s be+ ! favorite places (    
resort ( mo/ ( ! holy ,saviors1 holy    
,gods1 & holy m5 ( antiquity4 ,"o ( !   
mo/ anci5t ,saviors1 ,?ammuz1 is report$
 to h sp5t twelve ye>s 9 dev\t &        
contemplative retirem5t f ! busy _w4    
,accord+ to ! ,*ri/ian bible1 ,moses1   
,elijah1 & ,*ri/1 ea* fa/$ =ty days1 & a
 ,mexican ,savior1 too 7,quexalcote71   
sp5t =ty days 9 a simil> mann]1 & o!r   
cases are s report$4  ,we may in/itute !
 inquiry "h1 ,h[ happ5s ?is co9cid5ce8  
,! answ] is indicat$ by ! ,hi]ophant1   
:i* says1 ,jesus 9 8 baptism & =ty days'
 fa/ imitat$ ! passage ( ! sun ?r\gh !  
con/ellation ,aqu>ius1 :]e ,john1       

,joannes1 or ,janus ! baptiz] _h 8      
domicile1 & baptiz$ ! e>? ) 8 ye>ly     
ra9s4 ,hav+ be5 baptiz$ 9 ,jordan1 he   
fa/$ =ty days 9 ! wild]ness1 9 imitation
 ( ! passage ( ! sun f ! con/ellation   
,aqu>ius ?r\gh ! ,fi%es to ! ,lamb or   
,ram ( ,m>*4 ,dur+ ! =ty days :5 ! sun  
is among ! ,fi%es 79 ! sign ( ! ,fi%7 ! 
fai?ful ,ca?olics1 ,episcopalians &     
,mahomm$ans ab/a9 f meat & live ^u !    
fi%es dur+ ! season ( ,l5t1 z did !     
,jews & pagans1 & did also ,jesus1 to   
fulfill all righte\sness4     ,,*apt]   
,,xv4 ,,! ,,saviors ,,7 ,,real          
,,p]sonages  ,,x is unw>rantably assum$ 
by ,*ri/ian writ]s t ! inc>nat$ ,gods & 
crucifi$ ,saviors ( ! pagan religions 7 
all ei!r m]e fabul\s *>act]s1 or ord9>y 
human be+s inve/$ ) div9e titles1 &     
div9e attributes2 :ile1 on ! o!r h&1 !  
assumption is put =? ) equal boldness t 
,jesus ,*ri/ 0 a real div9e p]sonage1   
se5 & believ$ on 9 ! _w1 & f9ally       
crucifi$ on ,m\nt ,calv>y4  ,b we d n   
f9d ! facts 9 hi/ory to w>rant any su*  

assumptions or any su* di/9ctions4 ,!y  
all /& 9 ^! respects ^u ! same gr\nd &  
on equal foot+4  ,& _! respective       
disciples po9t to ! same k9d ( evid5ce  
to prove _! real exi/5ce & _! div9e "*1 
& to prove t !y once walk$ & talk$      
among/ m51 z well z n[ sit on ! et]nal  
?rone 9 heav5 at ! "r h& ( ! fa!r4 ,& we
 f9d ev5 ,*ri/ian writ]s admitt+ ! once 
bona fide or p]sonal exi/5ce on e>? (   
mo/ ( ! pagan ,saviors4  ,z to ! two    
*ief inc>nat$ ,gods ( ,india--,*ri%na & 
,sakia--!re is sc>cely a peg left to    
hang a d\bt ^u z to ! fact ( _! hav+    
desc5d$ to ! e>?1 tak5 ^u !mselves ! =m 
( m51 & hav+ be5 wor%ip$ z v]itable     
,gods4  ,inde$1 we believe b few ( !    
mission>ies :o h visit$ t c\ntry "q !   
/atem5t & g5]al belief preval5t !re ( _!
 once p]sonal reality4 ,col4 ,todd1 9 8 
,hi/ory ( ! ,rajahs 7p4 #dd71 says3 ,we 
mu/ disc>d ! idea t ! ,mahab>et1 !      
hi/ory ( ,rama1 ( ,*ri%na1 & ! five     
,padua bro!rs are m]e allegories2       
colossal figures1 anci5t temples1 &     

caves inscrib$ ) *>act]s yet unkn[n1    
confirm ! reality1 & _! race1 _! cities1
 & _! co9s yet exi/4 ,to argue fur!r !  
p]sonal reality ( ?is crucifi$ ,god w\ld
 be a wa/e ( words1 z x is g5]ally      
admitt$1 bo? by hi/orical writ]s &      
mission>ies4  ,mr4 ,higg9s decl>es1     
,*ri%na liv$ at ! conclusion ( ! braz5  
age1 :i* is calculat$ to h be5 elev5    
hundr$ or twelve hundr$ ye>s be=e ,*ri/4
 ,"h is a v positive & specific         
decl>ation z to 8 tangible actuality4   
,col4 ,d[1 ,mr4 ,rob9son1 & o!rs use    
simil> language4  ,relative to ,bac*us1 
( ^: hi/ory _m writ]s h spok5 z be+     
:olly fabul\s or fictiti\s1 ,diodorus   
,siculus says 7lib4 iii4 p4 #acg71 !    
,libyans claim ,bac*us1 & say t he 0 !  
son ( ,ammon1 a k+ ( ,libya2 t he built 
a temple to 8 fa!r1 ,ammon4 ,& t _w-wide
 fam\s hi/orian 7,mr4 ,goodri*7 is /ill 
m explicit1 if possible1 z to 8 mat]ial 
entity4 ,aft] giv+ x directly z 8 op9ion
 t !re 0 su* a be+1 he says1 ,he plant$ 
v9e-y>ds & fig-trees1 & erect$ _m noble 

cities4 ,he moreov] tells u1 ,8 skill 9 
legislation & agriculture is mu* prais$ 
7p4 #dii74  ,) respect to ,osiris (     
,egypt1 ano!r ,god-,savior1 ,mr4 ,hittle
 decl>es unqualifi$ly t ,h]odotus saw ! 
tomb ( ,osiris1 at ,sais ne>ly five     
c5turies be=e ,*ri/ 7vol4 i4 p4 #bdf74  
,r a /rong evid5ce ( 8 previ\s          
p]sonality c]ta9ly1 b n m s ?an t       
furni%$ by ! ,new ,york ,j\rnal (       
,comm]ce a few ye>s s9ce1 relative to ! 
,egyptian ,apis or ,?ulis1 ^: !ophany 0 
annually celebrat$1 at ! ris+ ( ! ,nile1
 ) great fe/ivities & devotion1 sev]al  
?\s& ye>s ago4 ,! ,p>is correspond5t ( t
 j\rnal1 aft] speak+ ( ,mr4 ,augu/e     
,m>ietta's travels1 a di/+ui%$ sci5tific
 g5tleman :o = f\r ye>s pa/ _h be5      
employ$ by ! ,fr5* ,gov]nm5t 9 mak+     
,egyptian rese>*es1 hav+ return$ home1  
says1 ,! mo/ important ( ,mr4 ,m>ietta's
 discov]ies 0 ! tomb ( ,apis 7,?ulis71 a
 monum5t excavat$ entirely 9 lime-rock4 
,!re are 7he says 9 conclusion7         
epitaphs1 =m+ a *ronological record (   

ea* ( ! ,apis buri$ 9 ! common tomb4 ,! 
sculpture is ( ! date ( ! ,pyramids1 & !
 /atues are 9 ! be/ /ate ( pres]vation2 
! colors are p]fectly bright ,!         
execution is admirable1 & !y convey an  
exact idea ( ! physical "* ( ! primitive
 population4  ,! ,new ,am]ican          
,cyclop$ia 7art4 ,apis7 9 speak+ ( ?is  
,egyptian ,god1 tells u 8 lifetime 0    
tw5ty-five ye>s2 9 h>mony ) "o ( !      
!ologico-a/ronomical cycles ( !         
,egyptians4 ,! same "w & volume 7p4     
#acb71 9 speak+ ( ! real exi/5ce (      
,adonis ( ,greece1 tells u1 ^u !        
au?ority ( ! poet ,panyasis1 t he 0 a   
v]itable son ( ,!ias1 k+ ( ,syria4  ,b (
 all ! *>act]s :o figur$ 9 ! my?ological
 works or lawless rhapsodies ( !        
anci5ts1 & wor%ip$ by !m z crucifi$     
,gods & s9-aton+ ,saviors1 none has1    
p]haps1 be5 s indubitably1 s positively1
 & s univ]sally set d[n z my?ological or
 fabul\s z t ( ,prome!us ( ,caucasus4   
,& yet ,mr4 ,lempri]e1 ,d4 ,d41 tells u 
9 8 ,classical ,diction>y t he 0 ! son (

 ,japetus4 ,sir ,isaac ,newton says he 0
 a desc5dant ( ! fam\s ,african         
,seso/ris2 :ile t erudite & ma/]ly      
hi/orian 7,mr4 ,higg9s7 seems to h      
ent]ta9$ no d\bt ( 8 p]sonal esse2 nor1 
inde$1 ( _m1 if any1 ( ! pagan ,saviors1
 z ! foll[+ decl>ation w %[4 ,he says1  
,f9d+ m5 9 ,india & o!r c\ntries ( !    
same "n ( ! inf]ior ,gods 7z x is q     
common to "n m5 = !m7 has l$ "s to      
conclude t ^? deifi$ m5 nev] exi/$1 b   
are m]ely my?ological names ( ! sun4    
,true1 ! fir/ supreme ,god ( e nation 7n
 except+ ! ,jews7 0 ! sun4 ,b m mod]nly 
! names 7 transf]r$ to m54 ,aga91 he    
says1 ,inasmu* z "s ( !m are f\nd to h  
be5 real bona fide human be+s1 !re is   
no?+ unreasonable 9 conclud+ t all 7 ,& 
if we take into consid]ation ! true &   
indisputable fact t ! prie/s _h ev]y?+  
at _! disposal1 & ! /ronge/ motives =   
conceal+ & suppress+1 n to say g>bl+ &  
de/roy+ evid5ce1 x is n to be wond]$ at 
t ! hi/ories ( "s ( ^! ,gods %\ld be    
some:at obscure & ambigu\s4 ,fur!r on he

 decl>es1 ,9 e case ! ,savior 0         
inc>nate1 & 9 ne>ly e case ! place 9 :i*
 he 0 actually born 0 exhibit$ to ! p4  
,& ^u ! au?ority ( ! ,hi]ophant1 we w   
add1 ! memories ( _m ( !m h be5         
consecrat$ & p]petuat$ by tombs plac$   
beside _! temples1 :i* is p]haps ! mo/  
conv9c+ species ( evid5ce t c\ld be     
(f]$4  ,! evid5ce1 !n1 is precisely ( ! 
same "* z t (f]$ 9 ! case ( ,jesus ,*ri/
 to prove t ! pagan ,saviors did really 
possess a sub/antial1 e>?ly & bodily    
exi/5ce4 ,?\gh x is true t x nev] has   
be5 univ]sally conc$$ or believ$ by     
,*ri/ian !mselves t ,jesus ,*ri/ ev] _h 
a p]sonal or corporeal exi/5ce on e>?4  
,cotil5ius1 9 a note on ,ignatius1      
,epi/le to ! ,trallians1 writt5 9 ! ?ird
 c5tury ( ! ,*ri/ian era1 decl>es t x is
 z absurd to d5y ! doctr9e :i* taught t 
,jesus ,*ri/'s body 0 a phantom z to d5y
 t ! sun %one at midday4 ,8 physical    
body ( c\rse 0 meant1 = x appe>s he     
believ$ 9 8 et]nal exi/5ce z a _s 9     
heav54  ,& we f9d :ole sects advocat+   

simil> views 9 ! e>ly ages ( ! ,*ri/ian 
*ur*4 ,"o ( ! mo/ primitive & le>n$     
sects1 says a writ]1 7 ! ,mani*eans1 :o 
d5i$ t ,jesus ,*ri/ ev] exi/$ 9 fle% &  
blood1 b believ$ him to be a ,god 9 _s  
only2 o!rs d5i$ him to be a ,god1 b     
believ$ him to h be5 a prophet1 or      
inspir$ "*1 l ! ,unit>ians ( ! pres5t   
day4 ,"s d5i$ 8 crucifixion1 o!rs ass]t$
 x4 ,x is m ?an probable t ?is 0 ! cause
 ( dispute betwe5 ,paul & ,b>nabas1     
m5tion$ 9 ! ,acts ( ! ,apo/les1 see+ t  
,paul _h laid su* peculi> emphasis on   
,jesus ,*ri/ & him crucifi$4  ,& ?is    
conclusion is corroborat$ by its be+    
expressly /at$ 9 ! ,gospel ( ,b>nabas t 
,jesus ,*ri/ 0 n crucifi$1 b 0 c>ri$ to 
heav5 by f\r angels4 ,!re 0 a long li/1 
says ! same writ]1 f ! e>lie/ times1 (  
s9c]e ,*ri/ians :o d5i$ t ,jesus ,*ri/  
rose f ! dead2 :ile1 z we may rem>k "h1 
!re c\ld n h be5 at t e>ly date any     
gr\nds = d5y+ ^! ?+s1 _h he really      
figur$ 9 ! _w 9 ! miracul\s &           
extraord9>y & public mann] z t relat$ 9 

! ,gospels4     ,,*apt] ,,xvi4 ,,sixte5 
,,saviors ,,crucifi$  ,= ,i det]m9$ n to
 "k any?+ among y1 save ,jesus ,*ri/ &  
him crucifi$4 7i ,cor4 ii4 #b47 ,!re mu/
 h exi/$ a v consid]able am\nt (        
skepticism 9 ! community z to ! tru? ( !
 report ( ! crucifixion ( ,jesus ,*ri/ 9
 ! c\ntry & era ( its occurr5ce to make 
x necess>y ?us to erect x into an       
important dogma1 & make x imp]ative to  
believe x ,!re mu/ h be5 a l>ge m>g9 =  
di/ru/+ its tru?4  ,! det]m9ation n to  
"k any?+ b ! crucifixion ( ,jesus ,*ri/ 
0 n>r[+ d[n 8 k to r a small compass4   
,& su* a resolution w\ld necess>ily     
preclude him f acqua9t+ himself ) !     
hi/ory ( any o!r cases ( crucifixion t  
might h occurr$ be=e t ( 8 own favorite 
,messiah4 ,:at6 ,0 !re ev] a case (     
crucifixion beside t ( ,jesus ,*ri/8 a  
good ,*ri/ian bro!r or si/] sometimes   
exclaims1 :5 ! _w's sixte5 crucifi$     
,saviors are spok5 (4  ,we meet ! "q ) !
 reply1 ,y seem to be a disciple (      
,paul1 ^: position w\ld n all[ him to "k

 ( any o!r cases ( crucifixion b t (    
,jesus ,*ri/4 ,h5ce1 he may h consid]$ x
 m]itori\s to p]petuate 8 ignorance on !
 subject ,& y1 p]haps1 are ignorant f ! 
same cause4  ,x is ! nature ( all       
religions bas$ on fe> & un*angeable     
dogmas1 to det] & ?us exclude its       
disciples f all k adv]se to _! own      
cre$s4 ,& sometimes _! own religi\s     
sy/ems are magnifi$ to su* an exalt$    
appreciation above all o!rs z to lead !m
 to de/roy ! evid5ce ( ! exi/5ce ( !    
latt] = fe> ( _! ultimate rivalry4  ,mr4
 ,taylor in=ms u t "s ( ! e>ly disciples
 ( ! ,*ri/ian fai? demoli%$ accessible  
monum5ts repres5t+ & memorializ+ !      
crucifixion ( ! anci5t ori5tal s9-aton+ 
,gods1 s t !y are n[ unkn[n 9 ! annals (
 ,*ri/ian hi/ory4 ,h5ce1 ! surprise     
excit$ 9 ! m9ds ( ,*ri/ian pr(essors :5 
o!r cases are m5tion$4  ,su* influ5ces z
 ref]r$ to above h %ut out f ! m9ds ( ! 
disciples ( sev]al religi\s sy/ems a k (
 all crucifi$ ,gods b _! own4 ,h5ce1 !  
,h9doo rejoices 9 kn[+ only ,*ri%na &   

him crucifi$4 ,! ,p]sian entw9es ar\nd 8
 he>t ! remembrance only ( ! aton+      
suff]+s on ! cross ( ,mi?ra ! ,m$iator4 
,! ,mexican daily s5ds up 8 e>ne/1      
s\l-brea?+ pray] = ! return ( ! _s ( 8  
crucifi$ ,savior--,quexalcote4 ,:ile !  
,caucasian1 ) equal devotion1 *ants     
daily praises to 8 sla9 ,div9e          
,int]cessor = volunt>ily (f]+ himself ^u
 ! cross = ! s9s ( a fall5 race4 ,& !   
,*ri/ian disciple hugs to 8 bosom !     
bloody cross ( ! murd]$ ,jesus1 unhaunt$
 by ! suspicion t o!r ,gods di$ = ! s9s 
( man long ant]ior to ! adv5t ( !       
immaculate ,naz>5e4  ,we w n[ lay be=e !
 read] a brief acc\nt ( ! crucifixion ( 
m ?an a doz5 virg9-born ,gods & s9-aton+
 ,saviors1 pr$icat$ ^u facts :i* h      
escap$ ! h&s ( ! ,*ri/ian iconocla/s    
det]m9$ to "k only ,jesus ,*ri/         
crucifi$4 ,we w fir/ notice ! case ( !  
,indian ,god--,*ri%na4                  
,i4--,,crucifixion ,,( ,,*ri%na ,,(     
,,india1 #abjj ,b4 ,c4  ,among !        
s9-aton+ ,gods :o condesc5d$ 9 anci5t   

times to =sake ! ?rone ( heav51 & desc5d
 ^u ! pla9s ( ,india1 ?r\gh human bir?1 
to suff] & die = ! s9s & transgressions 
( ! human race1 ! eigh? ,avat>1 or      
,savior1 may be consid]$ ! mo/ important
 & ! mo/ exalt$ "*1 z he l$ ! mo/       
conspicu\s life1 & comm&$ ! mo/ dev\t & 
! mo/ univ]sal homage4 ,& :ile "s ( !   
o!r inc>nate demigods 7 inve/$ ) only a 
limit$ measure ( ! inf9ite deity%ip1    
,*ri%na1 accord+ to ! tea*+s ( _! ,new  
,te/am5t 7! ,ramaz&71 compreh5d$ 9      
himself a full measure ( ! ,god-head    
bodily4 ,! evid5ce ( 8 hav+ be5 crucifi$
 is z conclusive z any o!r sacrificial  
or s9-aton+ ,god1 ^: "n has be5         
memorializ$ 9 hi/ory1 or embalm$ z a    
sacr$ idol 9 ! memories ( 8 dev\t       
wor%ip]s4  ,mr4 ,moore1 an ,engli%      
travel] & writ]1 9 a l>ge collection (  
draw+s tak5 f ,h9doo sculptures &       
monum5ts1 :i* he has arrang$ toge!r 9 a 
"w entitl$ ,! ,h9doo ,pan!on1 has "o    
repres5t+1 susp5d$ on ! cross1 ! ,h9doo 
crucifi$ ,god & ,son ( ,god1 our ,"l &  

,savior ,*ri%na1 ) holes pi]c$ 9 8 feet1
 evid5tly int5d$ to repres5t !          
nail-holes made by ! act ( crucifixion4 
,mr4 ,higg9s1 :o exam9$ ?is "w1 :i* he  
f\nd 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 makes a report
 ( a numb] ( ! transcript draw+s int5d$ 
to repres5t ! crucifixion ( ?is ori5tal 
& m$iatorial ,god1 :i* we w "h cond5se4 
,9 plate n9ety-eight ?is ,savior is     
repres5t$ ) a hole 9 ! top ( "o foot1 j 
above ! toes1 :]e ! nail 0 ins]t$ 9 !   
act ( crucifixion4  ,9 ano!r draw+ he is
 repres5t$ exactly 9 ! =m ( a ,romi%    
,*ri/ian crucifix1 b n fix$ or fa/5$ to 
a tree1 ?\gh ! legs & feet are arrang$ 9
 ! usual way1 ) nail-holes 9 ! latt]4   
,!re is a halo ( glory ov] x1 emanat+ f 
! heav5s above1 j z we h se5 ,jesus     
,*ri/ repres5t$ 9 a "w by a ,*ri/ian    
writ]1 entitl$ ,qu>les' ,emblems1 also 9
 o!r ,*ri/ian books4 ,9 sev]al ( ! icons
 7draw+s7 !re are m>ks ( holes 9 bo?    
feet1 & 9 o!rs ( holes 9 ! h&s only4 ,9 
! fir/ draw+ :i* he consult$ ! m>ks are 
v fa9t1 s z to be sc>cely visible4 ,9   

figures f\r & five ( plate elev5 !      
figures h nail-holes 9 bo? feet1 :ile ! 
h&s are n repres5t$4 ,figure six has on 
x ! repres5tation ( a r\nd hole 9 !     
side4 ,to 8 coll> or %irt hangs an      
emblem ( a he>t1 repres5t$ 9 ! same     
mann] z ^? atta*$ to ! imag9>y lik5esses
 ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 :i* may n[ be f\nd 9 "s
 ,*ri/ian c\ntries ,figure n9ety-"o has 
a hole 9 "o foot & a nail ?r\gh ! o!r1 &
 a r\nd nail or p9 m>k 9 "o h& only1    
:ile ! o!r is ornam5t$ ) a dove & a     
s]p5t 7bo? emblems ( deity 9 !          
,*ri/ian's bible74  ,n[1 we raise ! qu]y
 "h1 & drive x into ! inn]mo/ temple ( !
 ,*ri/ian's consci5ce1 ) ! ov]:elm+ =ce 
( ! unconqu]able logic ( hi/ory--,:at   
does all ?is mean8  ,& if !y w only let 
conviction h its p]fect "w :ile answ]+  
?is "q unhamp]$ by ! inh]it$ prejudices 
( a ?\s& ye>s1 !y c h5ce=? rejoice 9 !  
discov]y ( a glori\s hi/orical tru?1    
calculat$ to dis5?rall _! m9ds f !      
s\l-cramp+ sup]/itions ( crosses1       
crucifixions & bloody atonem5ts on :i*  

!y h be5 accu/om$ to hang ! salvation ( 
! _w4  ,if ! cr$ibility ( ! relation (  
^! incid5ts go+ to prove an a/oni%+     
co9cid5ce 9 ! sacr$ hi/ories ( ! ,h9doo 
& ,*ri/ian ,saviors1 & demon/rat+ !     
doctr9e ( ! crucifixion z hav+ be5      
practically realiz$1 & prea*$ to ! _w   
long ant]ior to ! (f]+ ( a ,god once =  
all on ,m\nt ,calv>y2 if its cr$ibility 
re/$ on m]e ex p>te te/imony1 m]e pagan 
tradition1 or ev5 ^u ! be/ dige/$ & mo/ 
au!ntic annals ( ! pa/ t h escap$ !     
ravages ( "t1 !re might /ill be a =lorn 
hope = ! /ickl] = ! ,*ri/ian fai? n[    
/ruggl+ 9 ! agonies ( a cr$al           
skepticism1 t ! :ole ?+ has be5         
plagi>iz$ f ! ,*ri/ian ,gospels4 ,= pap]
 & p>*m5t hi/ory c be--& has            
be5--mutilat$4 ,b ! v]ity ( ?is acc\nt  
re/s ^u no su* a prec>i\s basis4 ,its   
antiquity1 rea*+ f> beyond ! ,*ri/ian   
era1 is corroborat$ & demon/rat$ by     
imp]i%able monum5ts1 deep-*isel$        
ind5tures burr[$ into ! granite rock1   
:i* bid defiance to ! f+]s ( "t1 & ev5 !

 h&s ( ! fr5zi$ iconocla/1 to de/roy or 
deface1 ?\gh impell$ & spurr$ on to !   
ef=t by ! long-*]i%$ conviction burn+ 9 
8 s\l1 t ! salvation ( ! human race     
dep5ds ^u believ+ t !re is no o!r "n    
giv5 "u heav5 :]eby m5 c be sav$ ?an 8  
own crucifi$ ,god1 & t all o!rs are b   
?ieves1 robb]s & anti*ri/s4 ,"s ( !     
disciples ( ! ori5tal sy/ems *]i%$ ?is  
conviction1 & ,*ri/ians & ,mahomm$ans   
seem to h inh]it$ x 9 magnifi$          
proportions4  ,h5ce1 we are cr$ibly     
in=m$ t "s ( ! e>li] ,*ri/ian sa9ts1    
hav+ det]m9$1 l ,paul1 to "k only ,jesus
 ,*ri/ & him crucifi$1 made repeat$     
ef=ts to oblit]ate ^! sacr$ facts 7s    
fatally damag+ to _! "o-sid$ cre$s7 f ! 
page ( hi/ory4 ,mr4 ,higg9s sugge/s t if
 we c\ld h p]sons less "u ! influ5ce (  
sect>ian prejudice to visit1 exam9e1 &  
report on ! sculptures & monum5ts (     
,india1 cov]$ ov] z !y are ) antiquat$ &
 significant figures app]ta9+ to &      
illu/rat+ _! religi\s hi/ory1 we might  
accumulate /ill m light be>+ ^u ! hi/ory

 ( ! crucifixion ( ! ,savior & s9-aton+ 
,*ri%na4 ,mo/ ( our reports1 he decl>es1
 are fragm5t>y1 if n "o-sid$1 hav+ come 
?r\gh ! h&s ( ,*ri/ian mission>ies1     
bi%ops & prie/s4  ,he in=ms u t a report
 on ! ,h9doo religion1 made out by a    
deputation f ! ,briti% ,p>liam5t1 s5t to
 ,india = ! purpose ( exam9+ _! sacr$   
books & monum5ts1 be+ left 9 ! h&s ( a  
,*ri/ian bi%op at ,calcutta1 & )        
in/ructions to =w>d x to ,engl&1 0 f\nd1
 on its arrival 9 ,london1 to be s      
horribly mutilat$ & evisc]at$ z to be   
sc>cely cognizable4 ,! acc\nt ( !       
crucifixion 0 gone---cancell$ out4 ,!   
inf]5ce is pat5t4  ,& we h x ^u !       
au?ority ( ?is same reliable & tru?ful  
writ] 7,sir ,godfrey ,higg9s7 t ! au?or 
( ! ,h9doo ,pan!on 7,mr4 ,moor71 aft]   
hav+ ann\nc$ 8 int5tion to publi% x to !
 _w1 0 visit$ & labor$ ) by "s ( 8 dev\t
 ,*ri/ian neighbors zeal\s = ! fai? once
 deliv]$ to ! sa9ts1 :o endeavor$ to    
dissuade him f publi%+ su* facts to ! _w
 z he repres5t$ 8 book to conta91 = fe> 

x w\ld h ! effect to unsettle ! fai? (  
"s ( ! weak bre?r5 7"s ( ! weak-kne$    
*ur* memb]s7 9 ! s\l-sav+ religion (    
,jesus ,*ri/1 by rais+ d\bts 9 _! m9ds z
 to ! orig9ality ( ! gospel /ory ( !    
crucifixion ( ,*ri/1 or at lea/ ( 8 hav+
 be5 crucifi$ z a ,god = a s9-(f]+4 ,8  
crucifixion is a possible ev5t4 ,x may  
be ?us f> a true n>rative1 b ! adjunct (
 ! atonem5t1 ) its efficacy to oblit]ate
 ! effects ( s91 connect$ ) ! idea t an 
inf9ite1 omnipot5t & self-exi/5t ,god 0 
put to dea?1 :5 a human =m 0 sla9 ^u !  
cross--nev]1 no1 nev]4 ,x is a ?\ght too
 mon/r\s to f9d lodgm5t 9 an enlight5$  
human m9d4  ,ano!r case ev9c+ ! same _s 
z t n>rat$ above is f\nd 9 ! circum/ance
 ( a ,*ri/ian mission>y 7a ,mr4         
,maurice7 publi%+ a hi/orical acc\nt (  
?is man-god or demigod ( ! ,h9doos1 &   
omitt+ any allusion to 8 crucifixion2   
?is 0 entirely left out1 app>5tly f     
design4 ,8 dea?1 resurrection & asc5sion
 7 spok5 (1 b ! crucifixion skipp$ ov]4 
,he c\ld n h be5 ignorant ( ?is *apt] 9 

8 hi/ory z ! writ]s prec$+ him1 f :om he
 copi$1 _h relat$ x4  ,among ?is numb]  
may be m5tion$ ! le>n$ ,fr5* writ]      
,monsieur ,guigniant1 :o1 9 8 ,religion 
( ! ,anci5ts1 speaks s specifically ( ! 
crucifixion ( ?is ,god1 z to "n !       
circum/ance ( 8 be+ nail$ to a tree4 ,he
 also /ates1 t be=e 8 exit he made "s   
rem>kable prophecies app]ta9+ to !      
crimes & mis]ies ( ! _w 9 ! approa*+    
future1 rem9d+ u ( ! w>s & rumors ( w>s 
pr$ict$ by ! ,*ri/ian ,messiah4 ,mr4    
,higg9s names ! same circum/ance4  ,we h
 x ^u ! au?ority ( m ?an "o writ] on    
,h9doo or ,indian antiquities t !re is a
 rock temple at ,ma?ura 9 ! =m ( a      
cross1 & fac+ ! f\r c>d9al po9ts ( !    
compass1 :i* is admitt$ by all behold]s 
z pres5t+ ! pro( 9 bold relief ( extreme
 age1 & inside ( ?is temple /&s a /atue 
( ! ,savior ( m51 ,*ri%na ( ,india1     
pres5t+ ! pro( ( be+ coeval 9           
con/ruction ) ! temple itself by !      
circum/ance ( its be+ cut out ( ! same  
rock & con/itut+ a "p ( ! temple4       

7,fur!r citations ( ?is "* w be f\nd "u 
! head ( ,p>allels1 ,*apt] ,,xxxii47    
,?us we h ! pro( deeply & indelibly c>v$
 9 ! old1 "t-*isel$ rocks ( ,india--t _!
 ,"l & ,savior ,*ri%na aton$ = ! s9s ( a
 grief-/rick5 _w by p\r+ out 8 blood z a
 propitiatory (f]+ :ile /ret*$ ^u !     
cross4 ,no wond]1 9 view ( su* hi/oric  
bulw>ks1 ,col4 ,wiseman1 = t5 ye>s a    
,*ri/ian mission>y %\ld h exclaim$1 ,c  
we be surpris$ t ! enemies ( our holy   
religion %\ld seize ^u ?is leg5d 7!     
crucifixion ( ,*ri%na7 z conta9+ !      
orig9al ( our gospel hi/ory8  ,*ri/ian  
read]1 please pond] ov] ! facts ( ?is   
*apt]1 & let conviction h its p]fect "w4
   ,,life1 ,,"*1 ,,religion1 ,,&        
,,miracles ,,( ,,*ri%na4  ,! hi/ory (   
,*ri%na ,zeus 7or ,jeseus1 z "s writ]s  
spell x7 is conta9$ pr9cipally 9 !      
,baghavat ,gita1 ! episode portion ( !  
,mahab>et bible4 ,! book is believ$ to  
be div9ely inspir$1 l all o!r bibles2 & 
! ,h9doos claim = x an antiquity ( six  
?\s& ye>s4 ,l ,*ri/1 he 0 ( humble      

orig91 & l him _h to enc\nt] opposition 
& p]secution4  ,b he seems to h be5 m   
successful 9 ! propagation ( 8 doctr9es2
 = x is decl>$1 he soon became surr\nd$ 
by _m e>ne/ foll[]s1 & ! p 9 va/        
multitudes foll[$ him1 cry+ al\d1 ',?is 
is inde$ ! ,r$eem] promis$ to our       
fa!rs4' ,8 pa?way 0 ?ickly /rewn )      
miracles1 :i* consi/$ 9 heal+ ! sick1   
cur+ lep]s1 re/or+ ! dumb1 deaf & !     
bl9d1 rais+ ! dead1 aid+ ! weak1 com=t+ 
! sorr[-/rick51 reliev+ ! oppress$1 ca/+
 out devils1 etc4 ,he come n o/5sibly to
 de/roy ! previ\s relgion1 b to purify x
 ( its impurities1 & to prea* a bett]   
doctr9e4 ,he came1 z he decl>$1 to      
reject evil & re/ore ! reign ( good1 &  
r$eem man f ! consequ5ces ( ! fall1 &   
deliv] ! oppress$ e>? f its load ( s9 & 
suff]+4 ,8 disciples believ$ him to be  
,god himself1 & millions wor%ip$ him z  
su* 9 ! "t ( ,alex&] ! ,great1 #ccj ,b4 
,c4  ,! hundr$s ( c\nt]p>ts to ! hi/ory 
( ,*ri/1 prov+ _! hi/ories to be almo/  
id5tical1 w be f\nd enum]at$ 9 ,*apt]   

,,xxxii41 su* z--#a4 ,8 miracul\s bir?  
by a virg94 #b4 ,! "m & *ild be+ visit$ 
by %eph]ds1 wise m5 & ! angelic ho/1 :o 
joy\sly sang1 ,9 ?y deliv]y1 ,o favor$  
among wom51 all nations %all h cause to 
exult4 #c4 ,! edict ( ! tyrant rul]     
,cansa1 ord]+ all ! fir/ born to be put 
to dea?4 #d4 ,! miracul\s escape ( ! "m 
& *ild f 8 bloody decree by ! p>t+ ( !  
waves ( ! ,riv] ,jumna to p]mit !m to   
pass ?r\gh on dry gr\nd4 #e4 ,! e>ly    
retirem5t ( ,*ri%na to a des]t4 #f4 ,8  
baptism or ablution 9 ! ,riv] ,ganges1  
correspond+ to ,*ri/'s baptism 9        
,jordan4 #g4 ,8 transfiguration at      
,madura1 :]e he assur$ 8 disciples t    
pres5t or abs5t1 ,i w always be ) y4 #h4
 ,he _h a favorite disciple 7,arjoon71  
:o 0 8 bosom fri5d1 z ,john 0 ,*ri/'s4  
#i4 ,he 0 ano9t$ ) oil by wom51 l ,*ri/4
 #aj4 ,a some:at simil> fi% /ory is told
 ( him--8 disciples be+ enabl$ by him to
 cat* l>ge draughts ( ! f9ny prey 9 _!  
nets4 7,= ?ree hundr$ o!r simil>        
p>allels1 see ,*apt] ,,xxxii47  ,l      

,*ri/1 he taught mu* by p>ables &       
precepts4 ,a notable s]mon prea*$ by him
 is also report$1 :i* we h n space = "h4
  ,on "o occasion1 hav+ return$ f a     
m9i/]ial j\rney1 z he ent]$ ,madura1 ! p
 came out 9 cr[ds to meet him1 /rew+ !  
gr\nd ) ! bran*es ( cocoa-nut trees1 &  
desir+ to he> him4 ,he address$ !m 9    
p>ables--! conclusion & moral ( "o (    
:i*1 call$ ! p>able ( ! fi%es1 runs ?us3
 ,& ?us x is1 ,o p ( ,madura1 t y ought 
to protect ! weak & ea* o!r1 & n        
retaliate ^u an enemy ! wrongs he may h 
done y4 ,"h we see ! peace doctr9e      
prea*$ 9 its purity4 ,& ?us x 01 says a 
writ]1 t ,*ri%na spread among ! p ! holy
 doctr9es ( pure/ morality1 & initiat$ 8
 he>]s into ! exalt$ pr9ciples ( *>ity1 
( self-d5ial1 & self-respect at a "t :5 
! des]t c\ntries ( ! we/ 7 inhabit$ only
 by savage tribes2 & we w add1 long be=e
 ,*ri/ianity 0 ?\ght (4 ,purity ( life &
 spiritual insight1 we are told1 7      
di/+ui%+ traits 9 ! "* ( ?is ori5tal    
s9-aton+ ,savior1 & t he 0 (t5 mov$ )   

compassion = ! d[ntrodd5 & ! suff]+4  ,a
 ,budhi/ 9 ,ceylon1 :o s5t 8 son to a   
,*ri/ian s*ool1 once rem>k$ to a        
mission>y1 ,i respect ,*ri/ianity z a   
help to ,budhism4 ,?us is disclos$ !    
fact t ! motives ( "s ( ! hea!n 9 s5d+  
to ,*ri/ian s*ools is ! promotion ( _!  
own religion1 :i* !y consid] sup]ior1 & 
9 _m respects mo/ ( !m are4 7,= pro(1   
see ,*apt] on ,bibles47  ,we h !        
rem>kable admission ( ! ,*ri/ian ,exam9]
 t ! be/ precepts ( ! 7,*ri/ian7 bible  
are conta9$ 9 ! ,h9doo ,baghavat4 ,!n x 
is n true t ,*ri/ spake z man nev]      
spake4 ,& if 8 be/ precepts 7 previ\sly 
record$ 9 an old hea!n bible1 !n !y af=d
 no pro( ( 8 div9ity4 ,?is suicidal     
concession ( ! ,exam9] pulls up ! claims
 ( or?odox ,*ri/ianity by ! roots4  ,&  
_m ( ! precepts utt]$ by ,*ri%na display
 a pr(\nd wisdom & dep? ( ?\ght equal to
 any ( ^? attribut$ to ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,9 
pro( ( ! /atem5t1 we w cite a few       
examples out ( ! hundr$s 9 our          
possession3--  #a4 ,^? :o d n control _!

 passions _c act prop]ly t[>d o!rs4  #b4
 ,! evils we inflict ^u o!rs foll[ u z  
our %ad[s foll[ our bodies4  #c4 ,only !
 humble are belov$ ( ,god4  #d4 ,virtue 
su/a9s ! s\l z ! muscles su/a9 ! body4  
#e4 ,:5 ! poor man knocks at y\r door1  
take him & adm9i/] to 8 wants1 = ! poor 
are ! *os5 ( ,god4 7,*ri/ said1 ,god ha?
 *os5 ! poor47  #f4 ,let y\r h& be      
always op5 to ! un=tunate4  #g4 ,look n 
^u a woman ) un*a/e desires4  #h4 ,avoid
 envy1 covet\sness1 falsehood1 impo/ure 
& sl&]1 & sexual desires4  #i4 ,above   
all ?+s1 cultivate love = y\r neighbor4 
#aj4 ,:5 y die y leave y\r worldly weal?
 beh9d y1 b y\r virtues & vices foll[ y4
  #aa4 ,contemn ri*es & worldly honor4  
#ab4 ,seek ! company ( ! wick$ 9 ord] to
 re=m !m4  #ac4 ,d good = its own sake1 
& expect n y\r rew>d = x on e>?4  #ad4  
,! s\l is immortal1 b mu/ be pure & free
 f all s9 & /a9 be=e x c return to ,him 
:o gave x4  #ae4 ,! s\l is incl9$ to    
good :5 x foll[s ! inw>d light4  #af4 ,!
 s\l is responsible to ,god = its       

actions1 :o has e/abli%$ rew>ds &       
puni%m5ts4  #ag4 ,cultivate t inw>d k   
:i* tea*es :at is "r & wrong4  #ah4     
,nev] take delight 9 ano!r's mis=tunes4 
#ai4 ,x is bett] to =give an injury ?an 
to av5ge x  #bj4 ,y c accompli% by      
k9dness :at y _c by =ce4  #ba4 ,a noble 
_s f9ds a cure = inju/ice by =gett+ x4  
#bb4 ,p>don ! (f5se ( o!rs1 b n y\r own4
  #bc4 ,:at y blame 9 o!rs d n practice 
y\rself4  #bd4 ,by =giv+ an enemy y make
 _m fri5ds4  #be4 ,d "r f hatr$ ( evil1 
& n f fe> ( puni%m5t4  #bf4 ,a wise man 
corrects 8 own errors by obs]v+ ^? (    
o!rs4  #bg4 ,he :o rules 8 temp] conqu]s
 8 greate/ enemy4  #bh4 ,! wise man     
gov]ns 8 passions1 b ! fool obeys !m4   
#bi4 ,be at w> ) m5's vices1 b at peace 
) _! p]sons4  #cj4 ,!re %\ld be no      
disagreem5t betwe5 y\r lives & y\r      
doctr9e4  #ca4 ,sp5d e day z ?\gh x 7 ! 
la/4  #cb4 ,lead n "o life 9 public &   
ano!r 9 private4  #cc4 ,ang] 9 try+ to  
torture o!rs puni%es itself4  #cd4 ,a   
disgraceful dea? is honorable :5 y die 9

 a good cause4  #ce4 ,by gr[+ famili> ) 
vices1 we le>n to tol]ate !m easily4    
#cf4 ,we mu/ ma/] our evil prop5sities1 
or !y w ma/] u4  #cg4 ,he :o has conqu]$
 8 prop5sities rules ov] a k+dom4  #ch4 
,protect1 love & assi/ o!rs1 if y w\ld  
s]ve ,god4  #ci4 ,f ?\ght spr+s ! w1 & f
 ! w action1 true or false1 j or unju/4 
#dj4 ,z ! s&al tree p]fumes ! axe :i*   
fells x1 s ! good man %$s fragrance on 8
 enemies4  #da4 ,sp5d a portion ( ea*   
day 9 pi\s devotion4  #db4 ,to love !   
virtues ( o!rs is to bright5 y\r own4   
#dc4 ,he :o gives to ! ne$y loses no?+  
himself4  #dd4 ,a good1 wise & b5evol5t 
man _c be ri*4  #de4 ,mu* ri*es is a    
curse to ! possessor4  #df4 ,! w\nds ( !
 s\l are m important ?an ^? ( ! body4   
#dg4 ,! virtu\s man is l ! banyan tree1 
:i* %elt]s & protects all ar\nd x4  #dh4
 ,money does n satisfy ! love ( ga91 b  
only /imulates x4  #di4 ,y\r greate/    
enemy is 9 y\r own bosom4  #ej4 ,to flee
 :5 *>g$ is to confess y\r guilt4  #ea4 
,! w\nds ( consci5ce leave a sc>4       

,comp>e ^! fifty-"o precepts ( ,*ri%na )
 ! =ty-two precepts ( ,*ri/1 & y mu/    
confess !y suff] no?+ by ! comp>ison4   
,if we _h space we w\ld l to quote also 
f ! ,v$as4 ,we w m]ely cite a few       
examples relative to woman4  #a4 ,he :o 
is curs$ by woman is curs$ by ,god4  #b4
 ,god w puni% him :o laughs at woman's  
suff]+s4  #c4 ,:5 woman is honor$1 ,god 
is honor$4  #d4 ,! virtu\s woman w h b  
"o husb&1 & ! "r-m9d$ man b "o wife4    
#e4 ,x is ! highe/ crime to take        
advantage ( ! weakness ( woman4  #f4    
,woman %\ld be lov$1 respect$ & protect$
 by husb&s1 fa!rs & bro!rs1 etc4 7,= m1 
see ,*apt] on ,bibles47  ,be=e we close 
?is *apt] we mu/ anticipate & answ] an  
objection4 ,x w be said t ! report$     
am\rs ( ,*ri%na & 8 re5c\nt] ) ,cansa   
con/itute a criticism on 8 "*4 ,if s1 we
 w po9t to ,*ri/'s fight or angry combat
 ) ! money-*ang]s 9 ! temple z an (fset 
to x ,& !n x %\ld be rememb]$ t         
,*ri%na's disciples claim t ^! /ories   
are m]e fable1 or allegorical1 & are n  

f\nd 9 ! mo/ approv$ or canonical       
writ+s4   ,,ii4--,,crucifixion ,,( ,,!  
,,h9doo ,,sakia1 #fjj ,b4 ,c4  ,h[ _m   
,gods :o figur$ 9 ,h9doo hi/ory suff]$  
dea? ^u ! cross z aton+ (f]+s = ! s9s ( 
mank9d is a po9t n cle>ly e/abli%$ by _!
 sacr$ books4 ,b ! dea? ( ! ,god above  
nam$1 kn[n z ,sakia1 ,budha ,sakia1 or  
,sakia ,muni1 is di/9ctly ref]r$ to by  
sev]al writ]s1 bo? ori5tal & ,*ri/ian1  
?\gh !re appe>s to be 9 ,budhi/ c\ntries
 diff]5t acc\nts ( ! dea? ( ! fam\s &   
ext5sively wor%ip$ s9-aton+ ,saviors4   
,9 "s c\ntries1 ! /ory runs1 a ,god 0   
crucifi$ by an arr[ be+ driv5 ?r\gh 8   
body1 :i* fa/5$ him to a tree2 ! tree1 )
 ! arr[ ?us project+ at "r angles1 =m$ !
 cross1 emblematical ( ! aton+          
sacrifice4  ,sakia1 an acc\nt /ates1 0  
crucifi$ by 8 enemies = ! humble act (  
pluck+ a fl[] 9 a g>d5--d\btless seiz$  
on z a m]e pretext1 r ?an z be+ consid]$
 a crime4  ,"o ( ! accusations br\ght   
aga9/ ,*ri/1 x w be rememb]$1 0 t (     
pluck+ ! rip5$ e>s ( corn on ! ,sabba?4 

,& x is a rem>kable circum/ance1 t 9 !  
pictures ( ,*ri/ian c\ntries repres5t+ !
 virg9 ,m>y ) ! infant ,jesus 9 h] arms1
 ei!r ! *ild or ! "m is frequ5tly       
repres5t$ ) a bun* ( fl[]s 9 ! h&4  ,"h1
 let x be not$1 ! association ( fl[]s ) 
div9ely born ,saviors1 9 ,india1 is     
indicat$ 9 ! religi\s books ( t c\ntry  
to h orig9at$ f ! conception ( ! virg9  
p>t+ ) ! fl[]s ( h] virg9ity by giv+    
bir? to a div9e *ild1 :]eby %e lo/ !    
immortality ( h] physical nature1 x be+ 
transf]r$ by t act to h] ,deity-begott5 
son4 ,& f ?is circum/ance1 ,sakia is    
repres5t$ z hav+ be5 crucifi$ = ab/ract+
 a fl[] f a g>d54 ,t 8 crucifixion 0    
design$ z a s9-aton+ (f]+1 is evid5t f !
 foll[+ decl>ation f\nd 9 8 sacr$       
biography1 viz43 ,he 9 m]cy left        
,p>adise1 & came d[n to e>? because he 0
 fill$ ) compassion = ! s9s & mis]ies ( 
mank9d4 ,he s\ght to lead !m into bett] 
pa?s1 & took _! suff]+s ^u himself t he 
might expiate _! crimes & mitigate !    
puni%m5t !y mu/ o!rwise inevitably      

und]go4 7,prog4 ,rel4 ,ideas1 vol4 i4 p4
 #hf47  ,he believ$ & taught 8 foll[]s t
 all s9 is inevitably puni%$1 ei!r 9 ?is
 or ! future life2 & s great 7 8 sympa?y
 & t5d]ness1 t he condesc5d$ to suff] t 
puni%m5t himself1 by an ignom9i\s dea?  
^u ! cross1 aft] :i* he desc5d$ into    
,hades 7,hell71 to suff] = a "t 7?ree   
days7 = ! inmates ( t dreadful &        
horrible prison1 t he might %[ he       
sympa?iz$ ) !m4 ,aft] 8 resurrection1 & 
be=e 8 asc5sion to heav51 z well z dur+ 
8 e>?ly soj\rn1 he imp>t$ to ! _w "s    
beautiful1 l(ty1 & s\l-elevat+ precepts4
  ,! object ( 8 mission1 says a writ]1 0
 to in/ruct ^? :o 7 /ray+ f ! "r pa?1 & 
expiate ! s9s ( mortals by 8 own suff]+1
 & procure = !m a happy entrance into   
,p>adise by ob$i5ce to 8 precepts &     
pray]s to 8 "n4 7,ibid47 ,8 foll[]s     
always speak ( him z "o ) ,god f all    
et]nity4 7,ibid47 ,8 mo/ common title 0 
! ,savior ( ! ,_w4 ,he 0 also call$ !   
,b5evol5t ,"o1 ! ,disp5s] ( ,grace1 !   
,s\rce ( ,life1 ! ,light ( ! ,_w1 !     

,true ,light1 etc4  ,8 "m 0 a v pure1   
ref9$1 pi\s & dev\t woman2 nev] indulg$ 
9 any impure ?\ghts1 words or actions4  
,%e 0 s mu* e/eem$ = h] virtues & = be+ 
! "m ( a ,god1 t an escort ( ladies     
att5d$ h] :]ev] %e w5t4 ,! trees b[$    
be=e h] z %e pass$ ?r\gh ! =e/1 & fl[]s 
sprang up :]ev] h] foot press$ ! gr\nd4 
,%e 0 salut$ z ! ,holy ,virg91 ,que5 (  
,heav54  ,x is said t :5 h] div9e *ild 0
 born1 he /ood upright & proclaim$1 ,i w
 put an end to ! suff]+s & sorr[s ( !   
_w4 ,& imm$iately a light %one ar\nd    
ab\t ! "y ,messiah4 ,he sp5t mu* "t 9   
retirem5t1 & l ,*ri/ 9 ano!r respect1 0 
once tempt$ by a demon :o (f]$ him all !
 honors & weal? ( ! _w4 ,b he rebuk$ !  
devil1 say+1 ,be gone2 h9d] me n4  ,he  
began1 l ,*ri/1 to prea* 8 gospel & heal
 ! sick :5 ab\t tw5ty-eight ye>s ( age4 
,& x is decl>$1 ! bl9d saw1 ! deaf he>d1
 ! dumb spoke1 ! lame danc$ & ! crook$  
became /raight4 ,h5ce1 ! p decl>$1 ,he  
is no mortal *ild1 b an inc>nation ( !  
,deity4 ,8 religion 0 ( a v sup]ior "*4 

,he proclaim$1 ,my law is a law ( grace 
= all4 ,8 religion knew no race1 no sex1
 no ca/e1 & no ari/ocratic prie/hood4   
,x taught1 says ,max ,mull]1 ! equality 
( all m51 & ! bro!rhood ( ! human race4 
,all m51 )\t reg>d to rank1 bir? or     
nation1 says ,dunck>1 =m1 accord+ to    
,budha's view1 "o great suff]+          
association 9 ?is e>?ly vale ( te>s2    
!re=e1 ! comm&m5ts ( love1 =be>ance1    
pati5ce1 compassion1 pity1 bro!rl9ess ( 
all m54 ,klapro? 7a ,g]man pr(essor (   
ori5tal languages7 says ?is religion is 
calculat$ to ennoble ! human race4 ,x is
 difficult to compreh5d1 says a ,fr5*   
writ] 7,m4 ,leb\lay71 h[ m51 n assi/$ by
 revelation1 c\ld h so>$ s high1 &      
approa*$ s ne> ! tru?4  ,dunck> says ?is
 ori5tal ,god taught self-d5ial1 *a/ity1
 temp]ance1 ! control ( ! passions1 to  
be> inju/ice f o!rs1 to suff] dea?      
quietly1 & )\t hate ( y\r p]secutor1 to 
grieve n = "o's own mis=tunes1 b = ^? ( 
o!rs4 ,an inve/igation ( _! hi/ory w %[ 
t t !y liv$ up to ^! moral injunctions4 

,besides ! five great comm&m5ts1 says a 
,wesleyan mission>y 7,sp5se ,h>dy7 9 8  
,dahmma ,padam1 e %ade ( vice1          
hypocrisy1 ang]1 pride1 suspicion1      
gre$9ess1 gossip+1 & cruelty to animals 
is gu>d$ aga9/ by special precepts4     
,among ! virtues1 recomm5d$1 we f9d n   
only rev]5ce = p>5ts1 c>e = *ildr51     
submission to au?ority1 gratitude1      
mod]ation 9 all ?+s1 submission 9 "t (  
trial1 equanimity at all times1 b       
virtues1 unkn[n 9 "s sy/ems ( morality1 
su* z ! duty ( =giv+ injuries1 & n      
rew>d+ evil = evil4 ,& we w add1 bo?    
*>ity & love are specially recomm5d$4   
,we h x also ^u ! au?ority ( ,dunck> t  
,budha proclaim$ t salvation & r$emption
 h come = all1 ev5 ! l[e/ & mo/ abject  
classes4 ,= he broke d[n ! iron ca/e ( !
 ,brahm9ical code :i* _h s long rul$    
,india1 & aim$ to place all mank9d ^u a 
level4 ,8 foll[]s h be5 /igmatize6 by   
,*ri/ian pr(essors z idolat]s4 ,b ,sir  
,john ,b[l+1 9 8 ,k+dom & ,p ( ,siam1   
d5ies t !y are idolat]s--because1 says  

he1 no ,budhi/ believes 8 image to be   
,god1 or any?+ m ?an an outw>d          
repres5tation ( ,deity4 ,_! deific      
images are look$ ^u ) ! same views &    
feel+s z a ,*ri/ian v5]ates ! photograph
 ( 8 deceas$ fri5d4 ,h5ce1 if "o is an  
idolat]1 ! o!r is also4 ,) respect to ! 
*>ge ( poly!ism1 ,mission>y ,hue says1 t
 al?\gh _! religion embraces _m inf]ior 
deities1 :o fill ! same (fices t angels 
d "u ! ,*ri/ian sy/em1 yet1--adds ,m4   
,hue--mono!ism is ! real "* ( ,buddhism2
 & confirms ! /atem5t by ! te/imony ( a 
,?ibetan4  ,x %\ld be not$ "h t al?\gh  
,budhism succe$$ 9 conv]t+ ab\t ?ree    
hundr$ millions1 or "o-?ird ( !         
inhabitants ( ! globe1 x 0 nev]         
propagat$ by ! sword1 & nev] p]secut$ ! 
disciples ( o!r religions4 ,its conque/s
 7 made by a rational appeal to ! human 
m9d4 ,mr4 ,hodgson says1 ,x recognizes !
 inf9ite capacity ( ! human intellect4  
,& ,/4 ,hilaire decl>es1 ,love = all    
be+s is its nucleus2 & to love our      
enemies1 & n prosecute1 are ! virtues ( 

?is p4 ,max ,mull] says1 ,its moral     
code1 tak5 by itself1 is "o ( ! mo/     
p]fect ! _w has ev] kn[n4  ,its five    
comm&m5ts are3--  #a4 ,?\ %alt n kill4  
#b4 ,?\ %alt n /eal4  #c4 ,?\ %alt n    
commit adult]y or any impurity4  #d4 ,?\
 %all n lie4  #e4 ,?\ %alt n intoxicate 
?yself4  ,to e/abli% ! above cit$       
doctr9es & precepts1 ,budha s5t =? 8    
disciples into ! _w to prea* 8 gospel to
 e creature4 ,& if any conv]t _h        
committ$ a s9 9 ^w1 ?\ght or de$1 he 0  
to confess & rep5t4 ,"o ( ! tracts :i*  
!y di/ribut$ decl>es1 ,!re is und\bt$ly 
a life aft] ?is1 9 :i* ! virtu\s may    
expect ! rew>d ( _! good de$s4444       
,judgm5t takes place imm$iately aft]    
dea?4  ,budha & 8 foll[]s set an example
 to ! _w ( endur+ opposition &          
p]secution ) great pati5ce &            
non-resi/ance4 ,& "s ( !m suff]$        
m>tyrdom r ?an ab&on _! pr9ciples1 &    
glori$ 9 ?us seal+ _! doctr9es ) _!     
lives4  ,a /ory is told ( a ri* m]*ant  
by ! "n ( ,purna1 =sak+ all to foll[ 8  

"l & ma/]2 & also ( 8 enc\nt]+ & talk+ )
 a woman ( l[ ca/e at a well1 :i* rem9ds
 u ( simil> incid5ts 9 ! hi/ory ( ,*ri/4
 ,b 8 enemies1 becom+ jeal\s & fe>ful ( 
8 gr[+ p[]1 f9ally crucifi$ him ne> !   
foot ( ! ,nepaul m\nta9s1 ab\t #fjj ,b4 
,c4 ,b aft] 8 dea?1 burial &            
resurrection1 we are told he asc5d$ back
 to heav51 :]e millions ( 8 foll[]s     
believ$ he _h exi/$ ) ,brahma f all     
et]nity4  ,note4--,9 ! cases (          
crucifixion :i* foll[1 no?+ l accuracy c
 be expect$ ) respect to ! dates ( _!   
occurr5ce1 z all hi/ory cov]+ ! p]iod   
beyond ! mod]n era1 or prior to ! "t (  
,alex&] ! ,great 7#ccj ,b4 ,c47 is      
involv$ 9 a labyr9? ( unc]ta9ty )       
respect to dates4 ,h5ce1 bible          
*ronologi/s diff] to ! ext5t ( ?ree ?\s&
 ye>s ) respect to ! "t ( e ev5t record$
 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,comp>e ! ,hebrew & 
,septuag9t v]sions ( ! bible3 ,! =m]    
makes ! _w ?ree ?\s& n9e hundr$ & =ty   
f\r1 & ! latt] five ?\s& two hundr$ &   
sev5ty ye>s old at ! bir? ( ,*ri/--a    

diff]5ce ( ?irte5 hundr$ & tw5ty-six    
ye>s4 ,& o!r translations diff] /ill m  
widely4 ,all ! cases ( crucifixion :i*  
foll[ occurr$ be=e ! "t ( ,*ri/1 b !    
exact "t ( _m ( !m _c be fix$ ) c]ta9ty4
    ,,iii4--,,?ammuz ,,( ,,syria        
,,crucifi$1 #aafj ,b4 ,c4  ,! hi/ory (  
?is ,god is furni%$ u 9 fragm5ts by     
sev]al writ]s1 portions ( :i* w be f\nd 
9 o!r *apt]s ( ?is "w4 ,! fulle/ hi/ory 
extant ( ?is ,god-,savior is probably t 
( ,ctesias 7#djj ,b4 ,c471 au?or (      
,p]sika4 ,! poet has p]petuat$ 8 memory 
9 rhyme4       ,tru/1 ye sa9ts1 y\r ,"l 
re/or$1      ,tru/ ye 9 y\r ris5 ,"l2   
,= ! pa9s :i* ,?ammuz endur$      ,our  
salvation h procur$4  ,mr4 ,higg9s in=ms
 u 7,anac4 vol4 i4 p4 #bdf7 t ?is ,god 0
 crucifi$ at ! p]iod above nam$1 z a    
s9-aton+ (f]+ ,! /anza j quot$ is       
pr$icat$ ^u ! foll[+ ,greek text1       
translat$ by ,godw93 ,tru/ ye 9 ,god1 = 
out ( 8 lo9s salvation has come unto u4 
,julius ,firmicus speaks ( ?is ,god ris+
 f ! dead = ! salvation ( ! _w4 ,!      

,*ri/ian writ] ,p>khur/ alludes to ?is  
,savior z prec$+ ! adv5t ( ,*ri/1 & z   
fill+ to "s ext5t ! same *apt] 9 sacr$  
hi/ory4   ,,iv4--,,crucifixion ,,(      
,,wittoba ,,( ,,! ,,tel+oness1 #eeb ,b4 
,c4  ,we h a v conclusive hi/orical pro(
 ( ! crucifixion ( ?is hea!n ,god4 ,mr4 
,higg9s tells u1 ,he is repres5t$ 9 8   
hi/ory ) nail-holes 9 8 h&s & ! soles ( 
8 feet4 ,nails1 hamm]s & p9c]s are      
con/antly se5 repres5t$ on 8 crucifixes1
 & are objects ( adoration among 8      
foll[]s4 ,& ! iron cr[n ( ,lomb>dy has  
)9 x a nail ( :at is claim$ z 8 true    
orig9al cross1 & is mu* admir$ & v5]at$ 
on t acc\nt4 ,! wor%ip ( ?is crucifi$   
,god1 accord+ to our au?or1 prevails    
*iefly 9 ! ,travancore & o!r s\!rn      
c\ntries 9 ! region ( ,madura4          
,v4--,,iao ,,( ,,nepaul ,,crucifi$1 #fbb
 ,b4 ,c4  ,) respect to ! crucifixion ( 
?is anci5t ,savior1 we h ?is v def9ite &
 specific te/imony t he 0 crucifi$ on a 
tree 9 ,nepaul4 7,see ,georgius1 p4     
#bjb47 ,! "n ( ?is inc>nate ,god &      

ori5tal ,savior occurs frequ5tly 9 !    
holy bibles & sacr$ books ( o!r         
c\ntries4 ,"s suppose t lao 7(t5 spelt  
,jao7 is ! root ( ! "n ( ! ,jewi% ,god  
,jehovah4   ,,vi4--,,hesus ,,( ,,!      
,,celtic ,,druids ,,crucifi$1 #hcd ,b4  
,c4  ,mr4 ,higg9s in=ms u t ! ,celtic   
,druids repres5t _! ,god ,hesus z hav+  
be5 crucifi$ ) a lamb on "o side & an   
elephant on ! o!r1 & t ?is occurr$ long 
be=e ! ,*ri/ian era4 ,also t a          
repres5tation ( x may n[ be se5 ^u !    
fire-t[] ( ,bre*94  ,9 ?is symbolical   
repres5tation ( ! crucifixion1 !        
elephant1 be+ ! l>ge/ animal kn[n1 0    
*os5 to repres5t ! magnitude ( ! s9s ( !
 _w1 :ile ! lamb1 f its prov]bial       
innoc5t nature1 0 *os5 to repres5t !    
innoc5cy ( ! victim 7! ,god (f]$ z a    
propitiatory sacrifice74 ,& ?us we h !  
,lamb ( ,god tak+ away ! s9s ( !        
_w--symbolical language us$ ) respect to
 ! (f]+ ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,& "h is        
indicat$ v cle>ly ! orig9 ( ! figure4 ,x
 is evid5tly borr[$ f ! ,druids4 ,we h !

 /atem5t ( ! above writ] t ?is leg5d 0  
f\nd among/ ! ,canutes ( ,gaul long be=e
 ,jesus ,*ri/ 0 kn[n to hi/ory4 7,see   
,anac4 vol4 ii4 p4 #acj47               
,,vii4--,,quexalcote ,,( ,,mexico       
,,crucifi$1 #ehg ,b4 ,c4  ,hi/orical    
au?ority1 relative to ! crucifixion (   
?is ,mexican ,god1 & to 8 execution ^u !
 cross z a propitiatory sacrifice = !   
s9s ( mank9d1 is explicit1 unequivocal &
 ineffaceable4 ,! evid5ce is tangible1 &
 indelibly engrav5 ^u /eel & metal      
plates4 ,"o ( ^! plates repres5ts him z 
hav+ be5 crucifi$ on a m\nta92 ano!r    
repres5ts him z hav+ be5 crucifi$ 9 !   
heav5s1 z ,/4 ,ju/9 tells u ,*ri/ 04    
,accord+ to ano!r writ]1 he is sometimes
 repres5t$ z hav+ be5 nail$ to a cross1 
& by o!r acc\nts z hang+ ) a cross 9 8  
h&4 ,! ,mexican ,antiquities 7vol4 vi4  
p4 #aff7 says1 ,quexalcote is repres5t$ 
9 ! pa9t+s ( ',codex ,borgianus' z nail$
 to ! cross4 ,sometimes two ?ieves are  
repres5t$ z hav+ be5 crucifi$ ) him4  ,t
 ! adv5t ( ?is crucifi$ ,savior &       

,mexican ,god 0 long ant]ior to ! era ( 
,*ri/1 is admitt$ by ,*ri/ian writ]s1 z 
we h %[n else:]e4 ,9 ! "w above nam$    
,codex ,borgianus1 may be f\nd ! acc\nt1
 n only ( 8 crucifixion1 b ( 8 dea?1    
burial1 desc5t into hell1 & resurrection
 on ! ?ird day4 ,& ano!r "w1 entitl$    
,codex ,vaticanus1 conta9s ! /ory ( 8   
immaculate bir? by a virg9 "m by ! "n ( 
,*imalman4  ,_m o!r incid5ces are f\nd  
relat$ ( him 9 8 sacr$ biography1 9 :i* 
we f9d ! mo/ /rik+ c\nt]p>ts to ! m     
mod]n gospel /ory ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 su* z 
8 =ty days' temptation & fa/+1 8 rid+ on
 an ass1 8 purification 9 ! temple1 8   
baptism & reg5]ation by wat]1 8 =giv+ ( 
s9s1 be+ ano9t$ ) oil1 etc4 ,all ^! ?+s1
 & _m m1 f\nd relat$ ( ?is ,mexican ,god
 9 _! sacr$ books1 says ,"l ,k+sbor\gh  
7a ,*ri/ian writ]71 are curi\s &        
my/]i\s4 7,see ! books above cit$47     
,,viii4--,,quir9us ,,( ,,rome           
,,crucifi$1 #ejf ,b4 ,c4  ,! crucifixion
 ( ?is ,roman ,savior is briefly notic$ 
by ,mr4 ,higg9s1 & is rem>kable =       

pres5t+ 7l o!r crucifi$ ,gods7 sev]al   
p>allel features to t ( ! ,judean       
,savior1 n only 9 ! circum/ances relat$ 
z att5d+ 8 crucifixion1 b also 9 a      
consid]able portion ( 8 antec$5t life4  
,he is repres5t$1 l ,*ri/3--  #a4 ,z    
hav+ be5 conceiv$ & br\ght =? by a      
virg94  #b4 ,8 life 0 s\ght by ! reign+ 
k+ 7,amulius71  #c4 ,he 0 ( royal blood1
 8 "m be+ ( k+ly desc5t4  #d4 ,he 0 put 
to dea? by wick$ h&s--i4 e41 crucifi$4  
#e4 ,at 8 mortal exit ! :ole e>? is said
 to h be5 envelop$ 9 d>kness1 z 9 ! case
 ( ,*ri/1 ,*ri%na1 & ,prome!us4  #f4 ,& 
f9ally he is resurrect$1 & asc5ds back  
to heav54   ,,ix4--7,,s*ylus7 ,,prome!us
 ,,crucifi$1 #edg ,b4 ,c4  ,9 ! acc\nt (
 ! crucifixion ( ,prome!us ( ,caucasus1 
z furni%$ by ,s5eca1 ,hesiod1 & o!r     
writ]s1 x is /at$ t he 0 nail$ to an    
upright beam ( timb]1 to :i* 7 affix$   
ext5d$ arms ( wood1 & t ?is cross 0     
situat$ ne> ! ,caspian ,/raits4 ,! mod]n
 /ory ( ?is crucifi$ ,god1 :i* repres5ts
 him z hav+ be5 b\nd to a rock = ?irty  

ye>s1 :ile vultures prey$ ^u 8 vitals1  
,mr4 ,higg9s pron\nces an impi\s        
,*ri/ian fraud4 ,=1 says ?is le>n$      
hi/orical writ]1 ,i h se5 ! acc\nt :i*  
decl>es he 0 nail$ to a cross ) hamm] & 
nails4 7,anac4 vol4 i4 #cbg47           
,confirmatory ( ?is /atem5t is !        
decl>ation ( ,mr4 ,s\?well1 t he expos$ 
himself to ! wra? ( ,god 9 8 zeal to    
save mank9d4  ,! poet1 9 portray+ 8     
propitiatory (f]+1 says       ,lo6      
/ream+ f ! fatal tree      ,8 all aton+ 
blood1      ,is ?is ! ,inf9ite8--       
,yes1 'tis he1      ,prome!us1 & a ,god6
       ,well might ! sun 9 d>kness hide1
      ,& veil 8 glories 91      ,:5     
,god1 ! great ,prome!us1 di$      ,= man
 ! creature's s94  ,! ,new ,am]ican     
,cyclop$ia 7vol4 i4 p4 #aeg7 conta9s !  
foll[+ significant decl>ation relative  
to ?is s9-aton+ ori5tal ,savior3 ,x is  
d\btful :e!r !re is to be f\nd 9 ! :ole 
range ( ,greek lett]s deep] pa?os ?an t 
( ! div9e woe ( ! b5efic5t demigod      
,prome!us1 crucifi$ on 8 ,scy?ian crags 

= 8 love to mortals4 ,"h we h fir/-class
 au?ority = ! crucifixion ( ?is ori5tal 
,god4  ,9 ,lempri]e's ,classical        
,diction>y1 ,higg9s' ,anacalypsis1 & o!r
 works1 may be f\nd ! foll[+ p>ticul>s  
relative to ! f9al exit ( ! ,god above  
nam$1 viz43--  #a4 ,t ! :ole frame (    
nature became convuls$4  #b4 ,! e>?     
%ook1 ! rocks 7 r5t1 ! graves 7 op5$1 & 
9 a /orm1 :i* seem$ to ?reat5 !         
dissolution ( ! univ]se1 ! solemn sc5e  
=ev] clos$1 & ,our ,"l & ,savior        
,prome!us gave up ! gho/4  ,! cause =   
:i* he suff]$1 says ,mr4 ,s\?well1 0 8  
love = ! human race4 ,mr4 ,taylor makes 
! /atem5t 9 8 ,syntagma 7p4 #ie71 t !   
:ole /ory ( ,prome!us' crucifixion1     
burial & resurrection 0 act$ 9 pantomime
 9 ,a!ns five hundr$ ye>s be=e ,*ri/1   
:i* proves its great antiquity4 ,m9utius
 ,felix1 "o ( ! mo/ popul> ,*ri/ian     
writ]s ( ! second c5tury 79 8 ,octavius1
 sect4 #bi71 ?us addresses ! p ( ,rome3 
,y\r victori\s trophies n only repres5t 
a simple cross1 b a cross ) a man on x1 

& ?is man ,/4 ,j]ome calls a ,god4  ,^! 
co9cid5ces furni% /ill fur!r pro( t !   
tradition ( ! crucifixion ( ,gods has   
be5 v long preval5t among ! hea!n4      
,x4--,,crucifixion ,,( ,,?ulis ,,(      
,,egypt1 #agjj ,b4 ,c4  ,?ulis ( ,egypt1
 :5ce comes ,ultima ,?ule1 di$ ! dea? ( 
! cross ab\t ?irty-five hundr$ ye>s ago4
  ,ultima ,?ule 0 ! isl& :i* m>k$ !     
ultimate b\nds ( ! ext5sive empire ( ?is
 legitimate desc5dant ( ! ,gods4  ,?is  
,egyptian ,savior appe>s also to h be5  
kn[n z ,zulis1 & ) ?is "n--,mr4         
,wilkison tells u--8 hi/ory is curi\sly 
illu/rat$ 9 ! sculptures1 made sev5te5  
hundr$ ye>s ,b4 ,c41 ( a small1 retir$  
*amb] ly+ ne>ly ov] ! we/]n adytum ( !  
temple- ,we are told tw5ty-eight lotus  
plants ne> 8 grave indicate ! numb] (   
ye>s he liv$ on ! e>?4 ,aft] suff]+ a   
viol5t dea?1 he 0 buri$1 b rose aga91   
asc5d$ into heav51 & !re became ! judge 
( ! dead1 or ( s\ls 9 a future /ate4    
,wilkison says he came d[n f heav5 to   
b5efit mank9d1 & t he 0 said to be full 

( grace & tru?4   ,,xi4--,,crucifixion  
,,( ,,indra ,,( ,,?ibet1 #gbe ,b4 ,c4   
,! acc\nt ( ! crucifixion ( ! ,god &    
,savior ,indra may be f\nd 9 ,georgius1 
,?ibet9um ,alphabetum1 p4 #bcj4 ,a brief
 notice ( ! case is all we h space = "h4
 ,9 ! "w j ref]r$ to may be f\nd plates 
repres5t+ ?is ,?ibetan ,savior z hav+   
be5 nail$ to ! cross4 ,!re are five     
w\nds1 repres5t+ ! nailholes & ! pi]c+ (
 ! side4 ,! antiquity ( ! /ory is beyond
 dispute4  ,m>vel\s /ories are told ( ! 
bir? ( ! ,div9e ,r$eem]4 ,8 "m 0 a virg9
 ( black complexion1 & h5ce 8 complexion
 0 ( ! ebony hue1 z 9 ! case ( ,*ri/ &  
"s o!r s9-aton+ ,saviors4 ,he desc5d$ f 
heav5 on a mission ( b5evol5ce1 & asc5d$
 back to ! heav5ly mansion aft] 8       
crucifixion4 ,he l$ a life ( /rict      
celibacy1 :i*1 he taught1 0 ess5tial to 
true hol9ess4 ,he inculcat$ great       
t5d]ness t[>d all liv+ be+s4 ,he c\ld   
walk ^u ! wat] or ^u ! air2 he c\ld     
=etell future ev5ts ) great accuracy4   
,he practic$ ! mo/ dev\t contemplation1 

sev]e discipl9e ( ! body & m9d1 &       
acquir$ ! mo/ complete subjection ( 8   
passions4 ,he 0 wor%ip$ z a ,god :o _h  
exi/$ z a _s f all et]nity1 & 8 foll[]s 
7 call$ ,heav5ly ,tea*]s4               
,,xii4--,,alce/os ,,( ,,euripides       
,,crucifi$1 #fjj ,b4 ,c4  ,! ,engli%    
,classical ,j\rnal 7vol4 xxxvii47       
furni%es u ) ! /ory ( ano!r crucifi$    
,god1 kn[n z ,alce/os--a female ,god or 
,goddess2 & 9 ?is respect1 x is a       
novelty 9 sacr$ hi/ory1 be+ ! fir/1 if n
 ! only example ( a fem99e ,god aton+ = 
! s9s ( ! _w ^u ! cross4 ,! doctr9e ( ! 
tr9ity & aton+ (f]+ = s9 0 inculcat$ z a
 "p ( h] religion4   ,,xiii4--,,atys ,,(
 ,,phrygia ,,crucifi$1 #aagj ,b4 ,c4    
,speak+ ( ?is crucifi$ ,messiah1 !      
,anacalypsis in=ms u t sev]al hi/ories  
are giv5 ( him1 b all concur 9 repres5t+
 him z hav+ be5 an aton+ (f]+ = s94 ,& !
 ,lat9 phrase susp5sus l+o1 f\nd 9 8    
hi/ory1 indicates ! mann] ( 8 dea?4 ,he 
0 susp5d$ on a tree1 crucifi$1 buri$ &  
rose aga94   ,,xiv4--,,crite ,,(        

,,*aldea ,,crucifi$1 #abjj ,b4 ,c4  ,!  
,*aldeans1 z ,mr4 ,higg9s in=ms u1 h    
not$ 9 _! sacr$ books ! acc\nt ( !      
crucifixion ( a ,god ) ! above "n4 ,he 0
 also kn[n z ! ,r$eem]1 & 0 /yl$ ! ,ev] 
,bless$ ,son ( ,god1 ! ,savior ( !      
,race1 ! ,aton+ ,(f]+ = an ,angry ,god4 
,& :5 he 0 (f]$ up1 bo? heav5 & e>? 7   
%ak5 to _! f\ndations4   ,,xv4--,,bali  
,,( ,,orissa ,,crucifi$1 #gbe ,b4 ,c4   
,we le>n by ! ori5tal books1 t 9 !      
di/rict ( c\ntry kn[n z ,orissa1 9      
,asia1 !y h ! /ory ( a crucifi$ ,god1   
kn[n by sev]al names1 includ+ ! above1  
all ( :i*1 we are told1 signify ,"l     
,second1 hav+ ref]5ce to him z ! second 
p]son or second memb] ( ! tr9ity1 z mo/ 
( ! crucifi$ ,gods occupi$ t position 9 
! trial ( deities con/itut+ ! tr9ity1 z 
indicat$ by ! language ,fa!r1 ,son1 &   
,holy ,gho/1 ! ,son1 9 all cases1 be+ ! 
aton+ (f]+1 ! crucifi$ ,r$eem]1 & !     
second p]son ( ! tr9ity4 ,?is ,god ,bali
 0 also call$ ,baliu1 & sometimes ,bel4 
,! ,anacalypsis in=ms u 7vol4 i4 #beg7 t

 monum5ts ( ?is crucifi$ ,god1 be>+     
great age1 may be f\nd amid ! ru9s ( !  
magnific5t city ( ,mahabalipore1        
p>tially buri$ among/ ! figures ( !     
temple4   ,,xvi4--,,mi?ra ,,( ,,p]sia   
,,crucifi$1 #fjj ,b4 ,c4  ,?is ,p]sian  
,god1 accord+ to ,mr4 ,higg9s1 0 sla9 ^u
 ! cross to make atonem5t = mank9d1 & to
 take away ! s9s ( ! _w4 ,he 0 reput$ly 
born on ! tw5ty-fif? day ( ,decemb]1 &  
crucifi$ on a tree4 ,x is a rem>kable   
circum/ance t two ,*ri/ian writ]s 7,mr4 
,fab] & ,mr4 ,bryant7 bo? speak ( 8 be+ 
sla91 & yet bo? omit to speak ( ! mann] 
9 :i* he 0 put to dea?4 ,& ! same policy
 has be5 pursu$ ) respect to o!r        
crucifi$ ,gods ( ! pagans1 z we h %[n   
else:]e4  ,our li/ is full1 or we might 
note o!r cases ( crucifixion4 ,devatat (
 ,siam1 ,ixion ( ,rome1 ,apollonius (   
,tyana 9 ,cappadocia1 are all report$ 9 
hi/ory z hav+ di$ ! dea? ( ! cross4     
,ixion1 #djj ,b4 ,c41 accord+ to        
,nimrod1 0 crucifi$ on a :eel1 ! rim    
repres5t+ ! _w1 & ! spokes con/itut+ !  

cross4 ,x is decl>$1 ,he bore ! burd5 ( 
! _w 7t is1 ! s9s ( ! _w7 on 8 back :ile
 susp5d$ on ! cross4 ,h5ce1 he 0        
sometimes call$ ! crucifi$ _s ( ! _w4   
,) respect to ,apollonius1 x is a       
rem>kable1 if n a suspici\s circum/ance 
t %\ld n be pass$ unnotic$1 t sev]al    
,*ri/ian writ]s1 :ile !y rec\nt a long  
li/ ( miracles & rem>kable incid5ts 9 ! 
life ( ?is ,cappadocian ,savior1 ext5d+ 
?r\gh 8 :ole life1 & =m+ a p>allel to   
simil> incid5ts ( ! ,*ri/ian ,savior1 n 
a ^w is said ab\t 8 crucifixion4  ,& a  
simil> policy has be5 pursu$ ) respect  
to ,mi?ra & o!r s9-aton+ ,gods1 includ+ 
,*ri%na & ,prome!us1 z be=e notic$4     
,?is important *apt] 9 _! hi/ory has be5
 omitt$ by ,*ri/ian writ]s = fe> !      
relation ( x w\ld damage ! cr$ibility ( 
! crucifixion ( ,*ri/1 or less5 its     
spiritual =ce4 ,=1 l ,paul1 !y 7 det]m9$
 to "k no?+ b ,jesus ,*ri/ & him        
crucifi$ 7i ,cor4 ii4 #b7 i4 e41 to "k  
no o!r ,god _h be5 crucifi$ b ,jesus    
,*ri/4 ,!y ?us exalt$ ! tradition ( !   

crucifixion into ! mo/ important dogma (
 ! ,*ri/ian fai?4 ,h5ce1 _! ef=ts to    
conceal f ! public a k ( ! fact t x is (
 pagan orig94  ,by ref]5ce to ,mackey's 
,lexicon ( ,freemasonry 7p4 #ce7 we le>n
 t ,freemasons secretly taught ! doctr9e
 ( ! crucifixion1 atonem5t &            
resurrection long ant]ior to ! ,*ri/ian 
era1 & t simil> doctr9es 7 taught 9 all 
! anci5t my/]ies1 ?us prov+ t !         
conception ( ^! t5ets ( fai? exi/$ at a 
v e>ly p]iod ( "t4  ,& x may be not$ "h1
 t ! doctr9e ( salvation by crucifixion 
_h likewise1 ) mo/ ( ! anci5t =ms (     
religi\s fai?1 an a/ronomical           
repres5tation--i4 e41 a repres5tation 9 
a/ronomical symbols4 ,accord+ to !      
emblematical figures compris$ 9 _! a/ral
 wor%ip1 p 7 sav$ by ! sun's crucifixion
 or crossification1 realiz$ by cross+   
ov] ! equ9octial l9e into ! season (    
spr+1 & !reby gave out a sav+ heat &    
light to ! _w & /imulat$ ! g5]ative     
organs ( animal & vegetable life4 ,x 0 f
 ?is conception t ! anci5ts 7 9 ! habit 

( c>v+ or pa9t+ ! organs ( g5]ation ^u !
 walls ( _! holy temples4 ,! blood ( !  
grape1 :i* 0 rip5$ by ! heat ( ! sun1 z 
he cross$ ov] by resurrection into spr+1
 7i4 e41 0 crucifi$71 0 symbolically !  
blood ( ! cross1 or ! blood ( ! ,lamb4  
,if we %\ld be met "h ) ! /atem5t1 t !  
/ories ( ! anci5t crucifixions ( ,gods 7
 m]e my?s or fables1 unw>rantably saddl$
 on to _! hi/ories z m]e romance1 & h no
 f\ndation 9 fact1 we reply--!re is z   
mu* gr\nd = suspect+ ! same ?+ z be+    
true ( ,jesus ,*ri/4  ,"o ( ! mo/       
celebrat$ & mo/ frequ5tly quot$ ,*ri/ian
 writ]s ( ! anci5t bi%ops 7,ir5u7       
decl>es ^u ! au?ority ( ! m>tyr         
,polyc>p1 :o claim$ to h got x f ,/4    
,john & all ! eld]s ( ,asia1 t ,jesus   
,*ri/ 0 n crucifi$1 b liv$ to be ab\t   
fifty ye>s old4  ,we f9d !re has always 
be5 a m>g9 = d\bt among/ 8 own foll[]s z
 to ! fact ( 8 crucifixion4  ,_m ( !    
e>ly ,*ri/ians & cotempor>y ,jews &     
,g5tiles d\bt$ x1 & "s op5ly disput$ its
 ev] hav+ tak5 place4 ,o!rs be/[$ ^u x a

 m]e spiritual signification1 & n a few 
consid]$ x symbolical ( a holy life4 ,"o
 circum/ance1 calculat$ to lead to !    
entire discr$it ( ! /ory ( ! crucifixion
 ( ,*ri/1 is ! relation1 9 connection ) 
x1 ( a viol5t convulsion ( nature1 & !  
resurrection ( ! long-buri$ sa9ts--ev5ts
 n support$ by any au!ntic cotemporane\s
 hi/ory1 sacr$ or pr(ane4 7,see ,*ap4   
,,xvii41 ,aphanasia74  ,& z ^! ev5ts mu/
 be set d[n z fabul\s1 !y leave ! m9d 9 
d\bt ) respect to ! fact ( ! crucifixion
 itself1 especially :5 ! _m absurdities 
involv$ 9 ! doctr9e ( ! crucifixion are 
br\ght to view1 9 connection ) x1 "s (  
!m s palpably errone\s t an unlett]$    
savage c\ld see & po9t !m out4  ,!      
,indian *ief ,r$ ,jacket is report$ to h
 repli$ to ! ,*ri/ian mission>ies1 :5 !y
 urg$ ^u 8 att5tion ! b5efits ( ,*ri/'s 
dea? by crucifixion1 ,bre?r51 if y :ite 
m5 murd]$ ! son ( ! ,great ,_s1 we      
,indians h no?+ to d ) x1 & x is none ( 
our affair4 ,if he _h come among u1 we  
w\ld n h kill$ him4 ,we w\ld h treat$   

him well4 ,y mu/ make am5ds = t crime   
y\rselves4  ,?is view ( ! crucifixion   
sugge/$ to ! m9d ( an illit]ate hea!n we
 deem m s5sible & rational ?an t ( !    
or?odox ,*ri/ians1 :i* makes x a        
m]itori\s act & a moral necessity4 ,=   
?is w\ld n only exon]ate ,judas f any   
crim9ality or guilt = ! "p he took 9 !  
affair1 b w\ld entitle him z well z     
,*ri/ to ! honorable title ( a ,savior =
 p]=m+ an act )\t :i* ! crucifixion &   
consequ5t salvation ( ! _w c\ld n h be5 
effect$4 ,if x 0 necess>y = ,*ri/ to    
suff] dea? ^u ! cross z an atonem5t =   
s91 !n ! act ( crucifixion 0 "r1 & a    
monum5t %\ld be erect$ to ! memory (    
,judas = br++ x ab\t4 ,we *all5ge       
,*ri/ian logic to f9d a flaw 9 ?is      
argum5t4  ,& ano!r important            
consid]ation arises "h4 ,if !           
inhabitants ( ?is planet requir$ !      
murd]\s dea? ( a ,god z an atonem5t1 we 
mu/ presume t ! eighty-five millions (  
inhabit$ worlds rec5tly discov]$ by     
a/ronom]s are1 or h be51 9 equal ne$ ( a

 div9e atonem5t4 ,& ?is w\ld require !  
crucifixion ( eighty-five millions (    
,gods4 ,assum+ "o ( ^! ,gods to be      
crucifi$ e m9ute1 ! :ole w\ld occupy a  
p]iod ( ne>ly tw5ty ye>s4 ,?is w\ld be  
kill+ (f ,gods at r a rapid rate1 & w\ld
 make ! "w ( ! atonem5t & salvation a v 
murd]\s & bloody affair--a conception   
:i* br+s to ! m9d a s]ies ( v revolt+   
reflections4  ,! conception ( ,gods com+
 d[n f heav51 & be+ born ( virg9s1 & dy+
 a viol5t dea? = ! moral blund]s ( ! p1 
orig9at$ 9 an age ( ! _w :5 man 0 a     
savage1 & dwelt exclusively ^u ! animal 
plane1 & blood 0 ! requisition = e      
(f5se4 ,& x 0 an age :5 no _w 0 kn[n to 
exi/ b ! "o we inhabit4 ,! />s 7 !n     
suppos$ to be m]e blaz+ tap]s set 9 !   
azure vault to light ?is pygmy planet1  
or peep-holes = ,gods to look out (     
heav51 to see & le>n :at is go+ on bel[4
 ,su* conceptions are 9 p]fect keep+ ) !
 doctr9e ( ! aton+ crucifixion ( ,gods1 
:i* c\ld nev] h orig9at$ or be5 ent]ta9$
 = a mom5t by an a/ronom]1 ) a k ( !    

exi/5ce ( innum]able inhabit$ worlds4 ,=
 z !re is to ! mono!i/ic ,*ri/ian b "o  
,god1 or ,son ( ,god1 to be (f]$1 he mu/
 be inc>nat$ & crucifi$ e day = a ?\s&  
ye>s to make a s9-(f]+ = ea* ( ^!       
worlds--a conception too mon/r\s &      
prepo/]\s to f9d a lodgm5t 9 a rational 
m9d4   ,,orig9 ,,( ,,! ,,belief ,,( ,,! 
,,crucifixion ,,( ,,gods4  ,x has always
 be5 presum$ t dea?1 & especially dea?  
by crucifixion1 involv$ ! highe/ /ate ( 
suff]+ possible to be endur$ by mortals4
 ,h5ce1 ! ,gods mu/ suff] 9 ?is way z an
 example ( c\rage & =titude1 & to %[    
!mselves will+ to und]go all !          
affliction & mis]y incid5t to ! lot1 &  
unavoidable to ! lives1 ( _! devot$     
wor%ip]s4 ,!y mu/ n only be equal1 b    
sup]ior to _! subjects 9 ?is respect    
,h5ce1 !y w\ld n m]ely die1 b *oose1 or 
at lea/ uncompla9+ly submit to ! mo/    
ignoble & ignom9i\s mode ( suff]+ dea? t
 c\ld be devis$1 & t 0 crucifixion4 ,?is
 gave ! highe/ f9i%+ t\* to ! drama4  ,&
 ?us ! leg5d ( ! crucifixion became !   

cr[n+ *apt]1 ! aggr&iz+ episode 9 !     
hi/ory ( _! lives4 ,x 0 presum$ t no?+  
less ?an a ,god c\ld endure su*         
excruciat+ tortures )\t compla9+4       
,h5ce1 :5 ! victim 0 report$ to h       
submitt$ ) su* =titude t no murmur 0    
he>d to issue f 8 lips1 ?is circum/ance 
( itself 0 deem$ suffici5t evid5ce ( 8  
,god%ip4 ,! /ory ( ! crucifixion1 !re=e1
 :e!r true or false1 deifi$ or help$    
deify _m great m5 & exalt !m to ! rank (
 ,gods4 ,?\gh "s ( ! disciples (        
,budhism1 & "s ( ! primitive pr(essors (
 ,*ri/ianity also 7includ+1 accord+ to  
,*ri/ian hi/ory1 ,pet] & 8 bro!r ,&rew71
 volunt>ily *ose ?is mode ( dy+ 9       
imitation ( _! crucifi$ ,"l1 )\t        
exp]i5c+1 h[ev]1 ! desir$ promotion to  
div9e honors4 ,!y fail$ ( an exaltation 
to ! deity%ip1 & h5ce are n n[ wor%ip$ z
 ,gods4  ,*ri/ian read]1 :at c y n[ make
 ( ! /ory ( ! crucifixion ( ,jesus ,*ri/
 b a borr[$ leg5d--at lea/ ! /ory ( 8   
be+ crucifi$ z a ,god6  ,note4--,! au?or
 desires x to be und]/ood ) respect to !

 cases ( crucifixion "h briefly n>rat$1 
t !y are n v\*$ =as actual occurr5ces1 (
 :i* !re is mu* gr\nd to d\bt4 ,x has   
nei!r be5 8 aim or desire to prove !m to
 be real hi/orical ev5ts1 nor to e/abli%
 any c]ta9 numb] ( cases4 ,inde$1 he    
deems x unimportant to "k1 if x c\ld be 
det]m9$1 :e!r !y are fact or fiction1 or
 :e!r "o ,god 0 crucifi$1 or _m4 ,!     
moral lesson design$ to be taught by ?is
 *apt] is1 simply1 t ! belief 9 !       
crucifixion ( ,gods 0 preval5t 9 v>i\s  
ori5tal or hea!n c\ntries long prior to 
! report$ crucifixion ( ,*ri/4 ,if ?is  
po9t is e/abli%$--:i* he feels c]ta9 no 
read] w dispute--!n he is n conc]n$ to  
"k :e!r he has made out sixte5 cases (  
crucifixion or n4 ,six w prove x z well 
z sixte54 ,9 fact1 "o case is suffici5t 
to e/abli% ! important proposition 9    
view4 ,! read] is1 !re=e1 left to decide
 ea* case = himself1 accord+ z he may   
value ! evid5ce pres5t$4 ,m au?orities  
c\ld h be5 adduc$1 & a m ext5d$ hi/ory  
pres5t$ ( ea* ,god br\ght to notice4 ,b 

?is w\ld h op]at$ to exclude o!r matt]1 
:i* ! au?or consid]s ( m importance4    
,,*apt] ,,xvii4 ,,! ,,aphanasia1 ,,or   
,,d>kness ,,at ,,! ,,crucifixion4       
,,mat!w tells u 7xxvii4 #ca7 t :5 ,*ri/ 
0 crucifi$1 !re 0 d>kness all ov] ! l& =
 ?ree h\rs1 & ! e>? did quake1 & ! rocks
 7 r5t1 & _m ( ! sa9ts came out ( _!    
graves4  ,"h we h a s]ies ( ev5ts spok5 
( s /range1 s unusual & s extraord9>y t1
 _h !y occurr$1 !y mu/ h attract$ !     
att5tion ( ! :ole _w--especially ! amaz+
 sc5e ( ! sun's )draw+ 8 light & ceas+  
to %9e1 & !reby caus+ an almo/ total    
d>kness ne> ! middle ( ! day4 ,& yet no 
writ] ( t age or c\ntry1 or any o!r age 
or c\ntry1 m5tions ! circum/ance b      
,mat!w4 ,a ph5om5on s t]rible & s s]i\s 
9 its effects z lit]ally to unh+e !     
planets & p>tially disorganize ! univ]se
 mu/ h excit$ ! al>m & amazem5t ( ! :ole
 _w1 & caus$ a s]i\s di/urbance 9 !     
affairs ( nations4 ,& yet /range1       
sup]latively /range1 n "o ( ! num]\s    
hi/orians ( t age makes ! slighte/      

allusion to su* an a/\nd+ ev5t4  ,ev5   
,s5eca & ! eld] ,pl9y1 :o s p>ticul>ly &
 m9utely *ronicle ! ev5ts ( ^? times1   
are z sil5t z ! grave relative to ?is   
greate/ ev5t 9 ! hi/ory ( ! _w4 ,nor d  
,m>k1 ,luke or ,john1 :o all furni% u ) 
a hi/ory ( ! crucifixion1 make !        
slighte/ h9t at any ( ^! wond]-excit+   
ev5ts1 except ,m>k's incid5tal allusion 
to ! d>kness4  ,gibbon says1 ,x happ5$  
dur+ ! life ( ,s5eca & ! eld] ,pl9y1 :o 
mu/ h exp]i5c$ its imm$iate effects1 or 
receiv$ ! e>lie/ intellig5ce ( !        
prodigy4 ,ea* ( ^! philosoph]s1 9 a     
labor$ "w1 has record$ all ! ph5om5a (  
,nature's e>?quakes1 meteors & eclipses1
 :i* 8 indefatigable curiosity c\ld     
collect4 ,bo? ! "o & ! o!r h omitt$ to  
m5tion ! greate/ ph5om5on1 to :i* !     
mortal eye has be5 witness s9ce !       
creation ( ! _w4 7,gibbon1 p4 #dea47    
#b4 ,) ref]5ce to ! bodies ( ! dead     
sa9ts com+ out ( _! tombs 7= x is decl>$
 _! bodies arose1 see ,matt1 xxvii4     
#eb71 _m r curi\s & puzzl+ que/ions     

might be />t$1 :i* w\ld at once disclose
 its utt] absurdity4  ,we might ask1 =  
example  #a4 ,:o 7 ^? _m sa9ts :o came  
out ( _! graves1 see+ !re 7 z yet b few 
,*ri/ians to occupy graves1 if !y _h be5
 all dead1 z ! enum]ation at ,antio*    
made out only "o hundr$ & tw5ty8 7,see  
,acts47 #b4 ,h[ long _h !y la9 9 _!     
graves8  #c4 ,h[ long s9ce _! bodies _h 
turn$ to du/1 & be5 food = worms8 #d4 ,&
 w\ld n ^? worms h to be hunt$ up &     
requir$ to disgorge ! cont5ts ( _!      
/oma*s 9 ord] to furni% ! sa9ts ) !     
mat]ials = _! bodies aga98 #e4 ,& 7 !   
%r\ds or grave clo!s ( ^? sa9ts also    
resurrect$8 or did !y travel ab\t 9 a   
/ate ( nudity8 #f4 ,= :at purpose 7 !y  
re-animat$8 #g4 ,& %\ld n ,mat!w h      
furni%$ u1 by way ( pro(1 ) ! names ( "s
 ( ^! gho/ly visitors8 #h4 ,h[ long did 
!y live ! second "t8 #i4 ,did !y die    
aga91 or did !y asc5d to heav5 ) _!     
new-made bodies8 #aj4 ,:at bus9ess did  
!y engage 98 #aa4 ,:y h we n "s acc\nt (
 :at !y said & did8 #ab4 ,& :at f9ally  

became ( !m8  ,until ^! que/ions are    
rationally answ]$1 ! /ory mu/ be reg>d$ 
z too incr$ible & too ludicr\s to m]it  
s]i\s notice4  #c4 ,ne>ly all ! ph5om5a 
repres5t$ z occurr+ at ! crucifixion (  
,*ri/ are report$ to h be5 witness$ also
 at ! f9al exit ( ,s5]us1 an anci5t     
pagan demigod1 :o figur$ 9 hi/ory at a  
/ill m remote p]iod ( "t4 ,& simil>     
incid5ts are relat$ likewise 9 ! leg5d>y
 hi/ories ( sev]al o!r hea!n demigods & 
great m5 p>tially promot$ to ! honor (  
,gods4 ,9 ! "t-honor$ records ( ! olde/ 
religion 9 ! _w1 x is decl>$1 ,a cl\d   
surr\nd$ ! moon2 & ! sun 0 d>k5$ at     
noonday1 & ! sky ra9$ fire & a%es dur+ !
 crucifixion ( ! ,indian ,god ,*ri%na4  
,9 ! case ( ,osiris ( ,egypt1 ,mr4      
,s\?well says1 ,z 8 bir? _h be5 att5d$  
by an eclipse ( ! sun1 s 8 dea? 0 att5d$
 by a /ill great] d>kness ( ! sol> orb4 
,at ! critical juncture ( ! crucifixion 
( ,prome!us1 x is decl>$1 ,! :ole frame 
( nature became convuls$1 ! e>? %ook1 ! 
rocks 7 r5t1 ! graves op5$1 & 9 a /orm  

:i* ?reat5$ ! dissolution ( ! univ]se1 !
 sc5e clos$ 7,higg9s74 ,accord+ to      
,livy1 ! la/ h\rs ( ! mortal demise (   
,romulus 7 m>k$ by a /orm & by a sol>   
eclipse4  ,& simil> /ories are furni%$ u
 by sev]al writ]s ( ,cs> & ,alex&] !    
,great4 ,) respect to ! latt]1 ,mr4     
,nimrod says1 ,six h\rs ( d>kness =m$ 8 
aphanasia1 & 8 s\l1 l ,polyc>p's1 0 se5 
to fly away 9 ! =m ( a dove4 7,nimrod1  
vol4 iii4 p4 #deh47 ,x is rem>kable1    
says a writ]1 :at a ho/ ( respectable   
au?orities v\* = an ackn[l$g$ fable--!  
pret]natural d>kness :i* foll[$ ,cs>'s  
dea?4 ,gibbon alludes to ?is ev5t :5 he 
speaks ( ! s+ul> defect ( light :i*     
foll[$ ! murd] ( ,caes>4 ,he likewise   
says1 ,?is season ( d>kness _h already  
be5 celebrat$ by mo/ ( ! poets &        
hi/orians ( t memorable age4 7,gibbon1  
p4 #deb47 ,x is v rem>kable t ,pl9y     
speaks ( a d>kness att5d+ ,cs>'s dea?1 b
 omits to m5tion su* a sc5e z att5d+ !  
crucifixion ( ,*ri/4 ,virgil also seeks 
to exalt ?is royal p]sonage by relat+   

?is prodigy4 7,see 8 ,georgius1 p4      
#dfe47 ,ano!r writ] says1 ,simil>       
prodigies 7 suppos$ or said to accompany
 ! great m5 ( =m] days4  ,let ! read]   
make a note ( ?is fact--t ! same /ory 0 
told ( ! graves op5+1 & ! dead ris+ at !
 f9al mortal exit ( sev]al hea!n ,gods &
 sev]al great m5 long be=e x 0 p5n$ z a 
*apt] 9 ! hi/ory ( ,*ri/4  ,%akespe>e1 9
 8 ,hamlet says3--       ,9 ! mo/ high &
 palmy days ( ,rome1      ,a little ere 
! mighty ,julius fell--      ,! graves  
/ood t5antless1 & ! %eet$ dead      ,did
 squeak & gibb] 9 ! ,roman /reets4  ,^! 
hi/orical citations /rongly press !     
conclusion t ?is portion ( ! hi/ory (   
,*ri/ 0 borr[$ f old pagan leg5ds4  #d4 
,_m cases are record$ 9 hi/ory ( ! light
 ( ! sun be+ obscur$ at midday s z to   
result 9 almo/ total d>kness1 :5 x 0    
kn[n n to be produc$ by an eclipse4 ,& x
 is probable t ^! natural ev5ts furni% !
 basis 9 "p = ^? wild leg5ds we h br\ght
 to notice4 ,humboldt relates 9 8       
,cosmos1 t1 9 ! ye> #ceh1 be=e !        

e>?quake ( ,numidia1 ! d>kness 0 v d5se 
= two or ?ree h\rs4 ,ano!r obscuration (
 ! sun took place 9 ! ye> #cfj1 :i* la/$
 five or six h\rs1 & 0 s d5se t ! />s 7 
visible at midday4 ,ano!r circum/ance ( 
?is k9d 0 witness$ on ! n9ete5? ( ,may1 
#agcj1 :i* la/$ eight h\rs4 ,& s great 0
 ! d>kness1 t c&les & lamps _h to be    
light$ at midday to d9e by4 ,simil>     
ev5ts are *ronicl$ = ! ye>s #ajid1      
#abjf1 #abda1 #aedg1 & #agcj4 ,& if any 
su* sol> obscurations occurr$ ne> !     
mortal exit ( any ( ! ,gods above nam$1 
( c\rse !y w\ld be seiz$ on z a "p ( _! 
practical hi/ory wr\ght up into         
hyp]bole1 & int]wov5 9 _! n>ratives1 to 
give eclat to ! pageantry ( _!          
biographies--a fact :i* helps to solve !
 my/]y4   ,,orig9 ,,( ,,! ,,/ory ,,( ,,!
 ,,aphanasia ,,at ,,! ,,crucifixion4    
,!re is b little gr\nd to d\bt b t !    
v>i\s /ories ( a simil> "* !n curr5t 9  
diff]5t c\ntries1 z %[n above1 fir/     
sugge/$ ! ?\ght to ,*ri/'s biograph]s ( 
inve/+ hi/ory ) ! incr$ible ev5ts       

report$ z be+ connect$ ) ! crucifixion4 
,! pr9cipal motive1 h[ev]1 seems to h   
gr[n out ( a desire to fulfill a        
prophecy ( ! ,jewi% prophet ,joel1 z we 
may f9d _m ( ! important miracul\s ev5ts
 +raft$ into ,*ri/'s hi/ory 7 record$ by
 way ( fulfill+ "s prophecy4 ,t !       
prophecy might be fulfill$ is ! v       
language 8 evangelical biograph]s use4  
,joel's pr$iction runs ?us3 ,& ,i w %[  
wond]s 9 ! heav5s1 & 9 ! e>?1 flood &   
fire1 & pill>s ( smoke4 ,! sun %all be  
turn$ into d>kness1 & ! moon into blood1
 be=e ! great & t]rible day ( ! ,"l     
come4 7,joel ii4 #cj47 ,a little        
imp>tial inve/igation w satisfy any     
unprejudic$ m9d t ?is poetic rhapsody   
has n ! mo/ remote allusion to ! clos+  
ev5ts 9 ! life ( ,*ri/1 & 0 n int5d$ to 
h4  ,b 8 biograph]s1 writ+ a long "t    
aft] 8 dea?1 suppos+ & assum+ t ?is &   
v>i\s o!r texts1 :i* !y quote f !       
prophets1 _h ref]5ce to him1 & _h be5   
fulfill$1 incorporat$ x into 8 hi/ory z 
a "p ( 8 practical life4 ,! conviction t

 ! prophecy mu/ h be5 fulfill$1 )\t kn[+
 t x _h1 add$ to simil> /ories ( o!r    
,gods1 ) :i* ,*ri/'s hi/ory became      
conf\nd$1 misl$ !m into ! conclusion t  
!y 7 w>rant$ 9 assum+ t ! incr$ible     
ev5ts !y "n 7 really witness$ at !      
mortal t]m9ation ( ,*ri/'s e>?ly c>e]1  
:5 !y did n "k x1 & c\ld n h kn[n x4    
,?is view ( ! case becomes v rational & 
v =cible :5 we obs]ve v>i\s texts quot$ 
f ! prophets by ! gospel writ]s1 or1 r1 
mo/ but*]+ly misquot$1 tortur$ or       
di/ort$ into ,messianic prophecies1 :5 !
 context %[s !y h no ref]5ce to ,*ri/   
:atev]4     ,,*apt] ,,xviii4 ,,desc5t   
,,( ,,! ,,saviors ,,into ,,hell4  ,,!   
next mo/ important ev5t 9 ! hi/ories ( !
 ,saviors aft] _! crucifixion1 & ! act (
 giv+ up ! gho/1 is t ( _! desc5t into !
 inf]nal regions4 ,t ,jesus ,*ri/       
desc5d$ into hell aft] 8 crucifixion is 
n expressly taught 9 ! ,*ri/ian bible1 b
 x is a matt] ( su* obvi\s inf]5ce f    
sev]al passages ( scripture1 ! e>ly     
,*ri/ians taught x z a scriptural       

doctr9e4 ,mr4 ,se>s1 a ,*ri/ian writ]1  
tells u t on ! doctr9e ( ,*ri/'s        
und]gr\nd mission ! e>ly ,*ri/ians 7    
unit$4444 ,x 0 a po9t too well settl$ to
 admit ( dispute4 7,see ,=egleams (     
,immortality1 p4 #bfb74  ,& besides ?is 
te/imony1 ! ,apo/les' ,cre$ tea*es !    
doctr9e explicitly1 :i* 0 once z good   
au?ority ?r\gh\t ,*ri/5dom z ! bible    
itself2 inde$1 x may be consid]$ z      
con/itut+ a "p ( ! bible prior to !     
c\ncil ( ,nice 7,a4 ,d4 #cbe71 be+      
suppos$ to h be5 writt5 by ! apo/les    
!mselves4 ,x decl>es t ,jesus ,*ri/     
suff]$ "u ,pontius ,pilate1 0 crucifi$  
7dead7 & buri$4 ,he desc5d$ into hell2 !
 ?ird day he rose aga9 f ! dead1 etc4   
,?is te/imony is v explicit4  ,& ,pet]  
is suppos$ to ref] to ! same ev5t :5 he 
says1 be+ put to dea? 9 ! fle%1 b       
quick5$ by ! _s1 by :i* also he w5t &   
prea*$ unto ! spirits 9 prison4 7i ,pet]
 iii4 #ah47 ,! ^w prison1 :i* occurs 9  
?is text1 has und\bt$ ref]5ce to !      
,*ri/ian fabl$ hell4 ,= no possible s5se

 c be atta*$ to ! ^w prison 9 ?is       
connection )\t su* a con/ruction4 ,:]e h
 spirits ev] be5 suppos$ to be imprison$
 b 9 hell8 ,& !n we f9d a text 9 ! ,acts
 ( ! ,apo/les1 :i* seems to remove all  
d\bt 9 ! case1 & bani%es at once all    
gr\nd = dispute4 ,x is explicitly /at$ t
 8 s\l 0 n left 9 hell1 nei!r did 8 fle%
 see corruption4 7,adis ii4 #ca47 ,:y   
talk ab\t 8 s\l n be+ left 9 hell if x  
_h nev] be5 !re8 ,language c\ld h>dly be
 pla9]4 ,! mo/ positive decl>ation t    
,*ri/ did desc5d into hell c\ld n make x
 m c]ta9ly a scriptural ,*ri/ian        
doctr9e4  ,we1 !n1 re/ ! case "h1 &     
proce$ to enum]ate o!r cases ( ,gods &  
,saviors desc5d+ into ,p&emonium 7!     
realms ( ,pluto7 long be=e ,jesus ,*ri/ 
walk$ on ! wat] or on ! e>?4 ,x is      
unque/ionably /at$ 9 ! ,h9doo bible1    
writt5 m ?an ?ree ?\s& ye>s ago1 t !    
,savior ,*ri%na w5t d[n to hell to prea*
 to ! inmates ( t d>k & dre>y prison1 ) 
! view ( re=m+ !m1 & gett+ !m back to   
heav51 & 0 will+ himself to suff] to    

abridge ! p]iod ( _! torm5t4 ,& c]ta9ly1
 9 ! mid/ ( ! fire & smoke ( brim/one1 x
 c\ld n h be5 h>d to effect _! conv]sion
 or rep5tance4 ,"o writ] tells u t s    
great 0 8 7,*ri%na's7 t5d]ness1 t he ev5
 desc5d$ into hell to tea* s\ls 9       
bondage4 ,n[ obs]ve h[ mu* tea*+ s\ls 9 
bondage s\nds l prea*+ to s\ls 9 prison1
 z ,pet] repres5ts ,*ri/ z do+4 ,& c any
 read] d\bt t ! mean+ 9 ! two cases is !
 same8 ,& mu/ we n confess t we are     
greatly indebt$ to ! ,h9doo bible = an  
explanation ( ! two occult & my/]i\s    
texts :i* ,i h quot$ f ! ,*ri/ian bible1
 & :i* h puzzl$ s _m le>n$ critics to   
expla91 or f9d a mean+ =8  ,we h ano!r  
case ( a ,god desc5d+ into hell 9 !     
p]son or _s ( ! ,savior ,quexalcote (   
,mexico1 7#cjj ,b4 ,c47 ,! /ory w be    
f\nd 9 ! ,codex ,borgianus1 :]e9 is     
relat$ ! acc\nt ( 8 dea?1 & burial aft] 
crucifixion1 8 desc5t into hell1 &      
subsequ5t resurrection4 ,( ,adonis (    
,greece x is decl>$1 t aft] 8 desc5t    
into hell1 he rose aga9 to life &       

immortality4 ,prome!us ( ,caucasus 7#fjj
 ,b4 ,c47 likewise is repres5t$ z suff]+
 & desc5d+ into hell1 ris+ aga9 f !     
dead1 & asc5d+ to heav54 ,horus (       
,greece is describ$ z fir/ reign+ a ?\s&
 ye>s1 !n dy+1 & be+ buri$ = ?ree days1 
at ! end ( :i* "t he triumph$ ov]       
,typhon1 ! evil pr9ciple1 & rose aga9 to
 life ev]more4 ,& ,osiris ( ,egypt also 
is repres5t$ z mak+ a desc5t into hell1 
& aft] a p]iod ( ?ree days rose aga94   
,hom] & ,virgil speak ( sev]al cases (  
desc5t into ,pluto's dom9ions4 ,h]cules1
 ,ulysses & neas are repres5t$ z p]=m+ !
 hellw>d j\rney on1 z we inf]1 b5evol5t 
missions4 ,higg9s rem>ks1 ,! ,gods      
became inc>nate1 & desc5d$ into hell to 
tea* humility & set an example ( suff]+4
  ,! /ory ( _! desc5t into hell 0       
d\btless inv5t$ to f9d employm5t = !m   
dur+ _! ?ree days ( hib]nation or       
cons]vation 9 ! tomb1 t !y might n appe>
 to be really dead nor idle 9 ! "t1 & z 
a /ill fur!r pro( ( _! mat*less &       
unrivall$ capacity & =titude = suff]+4  

,& ! /ory ( ! ?ree days' entombm5t is   
likewise cle>ly traceable 9 appe>ance to
 ! a/ronomical incid5t ( ! sun's ly+    
app>5tly dead1 & buri$1 & motionless =  
ne>ly ?ree days at ! p]iod ( ! v]nal    
epo*1 f ! tw5ty-fir/ to ! tw5ty-fif? (  
,m>*4 ,x 0 a matt] ( belief or fancy t !
 sun rema9$ /ation>y = ab\t ?ree days1  
:5 he gradually rose aga9 into newness (
 life4 ,& h5ce1 ?is p]iod or era 0 *os5 
to figuratively repres5t ! ?ree days'   
desc5t ( ! ,gods into hell4 ,we are told
 t ! ,p]sians h an anci5t a/ronomical   
figure repres5t+ ! desc5t ( a ,god1     
div9e1 into hell1 & return+ at ! "t t   
,orsus1 ! goddess ( spr+1 _h conqu]$ !  
,god or g5us ( w9t]1 aft] ! mann] ,/4   
,john describes ! ,lamb ( ,god 7see     
,rev4 xii7 z conqu]+ ! dragon1 :i* may  
be int]pret$ z ! ,scorpion or ,dragon ( 
! fir/ mon? ( w9t] 7,octob]7 be+ conqu]$
 by ! ,lamb ( ,m>* or spr+4     ,,*apt] 
,,xix4 ,,resurrection ,,( ,,! ,,saviors 
,,we f9d pres5t$ 9 ! canoniz$ hi/ories (
 sev]al ( ! demigod ,saviors ! foll[+   

rem>kable co9cid5ces app]ta9+ to _!     
dea?3--  #a4 ,_! resurrection f ! dead4 
#b4 ,_! ly+ 9 ! tomb j ?ree days4  #c4  
,! resurrection ( sev]al ( !m ab\t ! "t 
( ! v]nal equ9ox4 ,! tw5ty-fif? ( ,m>*  
is ! p]iod assign$ by ! ,*ri/ian _w     
g5]ally = ! resurrection ( ,*ri/1 ?\gh  
"s ,*ri/ian writ]s h assign$ o!r dates =
 ?is ev5t4 ,!y all agree1 h[ev]1 t ,*ri/
 rose f ! dead1 & t ?is occurr$ ?ree    
days aft] ! entombm5t4 ,bi%op ,!ophilus 
( ,ces>ea rem>ks1 relative to ?is ev5t1 
,s9ce ! bir? ( ,*ri/ is celebrat$ on !  
tw5ty-fif? ( ,decemb]14444 s also %\ld !
 resurrection ( ,jesus be celebrat$ on !
 tw5ty-fif? ( ,m>*1 on :atev] day ( !   
week x may fall1 ! ,"l hav+ ris5 aga9 on
 t day4 7,c5t4 ii4 ,call1 p4 #aah47 ,all
 ! anci5t ,*ri/ians1 says a writ]1 7    
p]suad$ t ,*ri/ 0 crucifi$ on !         
tw5ty-?ird ( ,m>*1 & rose f ! dead on ! 
tw5ty-fif?4 ,& accord+ly ,con/ant9e &   
cotempor>y ,*ri/ians celebrat$ !        
tw5ty-fif? ( ,m>* ) great eclat z ! date
 ( ! resurrection4 ,! tw5ty-?ird &      

tw5ty-fif?1 includ+ ! tw5ty-f\r?1 w\ld  
comprise a p]iod ( ?ree days1 ! "t ( !  
entombm5t4  ,n[ m>k1 ,quexalcote (      
,mexico1 ,*ris ( ,*aldea1 ,quir9us (    
,rome1 ,prome!us ( ,caucasus1 ,osiris ( 
,egypt1 ,atys ( ,phrygia1 & ,mi?ra !    
,m$iator ( ,p]sia did1 accord+ to _!    
respective hi/ories1 rise f ! dead aft] 
?ree days' burial1 & ! "t ( _!          
resurrection is 9 sev]al cases fix$ = ! 
tw5ty-fif? ( ,m>*4 ,& !re is an acc\nt m
 ?an ?ree ?\s& ye>s old ( ! ,h9doo      
crucifi$ ,savior ,*ri%na1 ?ree days aft]
 8 int]m5t1 =sak+ ! sil5t b\rn1 :5ce 7z 
we are told7 no travel] ev] returns1 &  
lay+ aside ! moldy c]em5ts ( ! dead1    
aga9 walk+ =? to mortal life1 to be aga9
 se51 recogniz$1 admir$1 & ador$ by 8   
pi\s1 dev\t & awe-/rick5 foll[]s1 & ?us 
pres5t to ! gaze ( a hop+ yet d\bt+ _w !
 fir/ fruits ( ! resurrection4  ,at !   
annual celebration ( ! resurrection ( ! 
,p]sian ,savior ,mi?ra ! ,m$iator1 m ?an
 ?ree ?\s& ye>s ago1 ! prie/s 7 9 !     
habit ( exclaim+ 9 a solemn & l\d voice1

 ,*e] up1 holy m\rn]s2 y\r ,god has come
 aga9 to life2 8 sorr[s & 8 suff]+s w   
save y4 7,see ,pitrat1 p4 #aje47 ,!     
tw5ty-fif? ( ,m>* 0 ) ! anci5t ,p]sians 
! comm5cem5t ( a new ye>1 & on t day 0  
celebrat$ ! fea/ ( ! ,neurone1 & by !   
anci5t ,romans ! fe/ival ( ! ,hil>ia4 ,&
 we f9d ! anci5ts _h bo? ! crucifixion &
 resurrection ( a ,god symbolically &   
a/ronomically repres5t$ among ! plants4 
,_! f\ndation1 says ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria1
 0 ! fictiti\s dea? & resurrection ( !  
sun1 ! s\l ( ! _w1 ! pr9ciple ( life &  
motion4 ,! inauguration ( spr+ 7!       
tw5ty-fif? ( ,m>*71 & ! summ] sol/ice 7!
 tw5ty-fif? ( ,june71 7 bo? important   
p]iods ) ! anci5ts4  ,h5ce1 ! latt]     
p]iod 0 fix$ on z ! bir?day ( ,john !   
,bapti/ 7z m>k$ 9 ! almanacs71 :5 ! sun 
beg9s to decl9e s\?w>d--t is1 decrease4 
,h[ appropriately1 !re=e1 ,john is made 
to say1 ,i %all decrease1 b he %all     
increase4 ,& ! consecrat$ tw5ty-fif? (  
,m>* is also ! day m>k$ 9 our cal5d>s z 
! date ( ! conception & annunciation ( !

 ,bless$ ,virg9 ,m>y4 ,& x 0 likewise ! 
p]iod ( ! conception ( ! anci5t ,roman  
,virg9 ,a/]ia1 & ( ! ev]-*a/e & holy    
virg9 ,iris1 z well z ! "t ( ! conjugal 
embrace ( ! sol> & lun> pot5tates ( !   
visible univ]se4 ,may we n1 !n1 v       
appropriately exclaim ( religion &      
a/ronomy1 :at ,god ha? jo9$ toge!r1 let 
no man put asund]4  ,resurrection (     
,jesus ,*ri/4  ,) respect to ! physical 
resurrection ( ! ,*ri/ian ,savior1 x may
 be obs]v$ t1 aside f ! physical        
impossibility ( su* an occurr5ce1 !     
acc\nt1 z report$ to u by 8 f\r inspir$ 
,gospel biograph]s1 are s palpably at   
v>iance ) ea* o!r1 s entirely           
contradictory 9 _! reports1 z to r5d] _!
 te/imony z infallible writ]s utt]ly    
unwor?y ( cr$5ce1 & impels u to !       
conclusion t ! ev5t is bo? physically & 
hi/orically incr$ible4 ,!re is sc>cely  
"o incid5t or p>ticul> 9 :i* !y all     
agree4 ,!y are at logg]heads1--  #a4 ,) 
respect to ! "t ( its discov]y4  #b4 ,! 
p]sons :o made ! discov]y 7= no witness 

claims to h se5 x74  #c4 ,) respect to  
:at took place at ! sepul*re4  #d4 ,:at 
,pet] saw & did !re4  #e4 ,& z to :at   
occurr$ aft]w>d1 hav+ a relation to t   
ev5t4  #a4 ,relative to ! "t ! witness  
or witnesses visit$ ! sepul*re & le>n$ (
 ! resurrection1 ,mat!w 7*ap4 xxviii47  
tells u1 ,x 0 at ! end ( ! ,sabba?1 z x 
began to dawn2 b accord+ to ,m>k 7xvi471
 ! ,sabba? 0 pa/1 & ! sun 0 ris+2 :ile  
,john 7*ap4 xx7 decl>es x 0 yet d>k4 ,n[
 !re is c]ta9ly "s diff]5ce betwe5 !    
?ree p]iods1 ! dawn+ ( ! day1 ! ris+ ( !
 sun1 & ! d>kness ( night4 ,if ! writ]s 
7 div9ely inspir$1 !re w\ld be a p]fect 
agreem5t4  #b4 ,) respect to ! p]sons :o
 fir/ visit$ ! sepul*re1 ,mat!w /ates t 
x 0 ,m>y ,magdal5e & ano!r ,m>y2 b ,luke
 says x 0 ,m>y ,magdal5e & ,joanna1 &   
,m>y ! "m ( ,james1 & o!r wom52 :ile1   
accord+ to ,john 7& he virtually        
reit]ates x71 ,m>y ,magdal5e w5t alone4 
,x w be obs]v$1 !n1 t ! fir/ inspir$ &  
infallible witness te/ifies !re 7 two   
wom52 ! second t !re 7 f\r2 & ! ?ird    

witness decl>es !re 0 b "o4 ,:at        
beautiful h>mony6 ,no c\rt 9 ! civiliz$ 
_w w\ld accept su* discordant te/imony6 
#c4 ,& 9 relation to :at took place at !
 tomb1 ,mat!w te/ifies t ! angel ( ! ,"l
 sat ^u a /one at ! door ( ! sepul*re1 &
 told ! wom5 _! ,"l 0 ris54 ,b ,luke    
/eps =w>d "h1 & av]s t in/ead ( an angel
 !y f\nd two m5 !re1 n outside1 b       
inside1 & n sitt+1 b /&+4 ,b ,m>k sets !
 te/imony ( bo? ^! inspir$ witnesses    
aside by affirm+ !re 0 b "o man !re1 &  
he 0 sitt+4 ,:ile ,mat!w says !y1 ,/4   
,john says %e 7speak+ ( ! p]son or      
p]sons :o left ! sepul*re74 ,accord+ to 
,mat!w ! angel :o roll$ away ! /one f ! 
sepul*re s5t a message to ! disciples4  
,b ,m>k affirms t x 0 n an angel        
outside1 b a "y man inside1 :o did ?is4 
,& "h ! "q naturally arises3 ,:y 0 x    
necess>y = a be+ :o c\ld say1 ,i h p[]  
to lay d[n my life & take x up aga9     
7,john71 to h an angel to roll away !   
/one f ! sepul*re4 ,c]ta9ly1 if he      
possess$ su* omnipot5t p[]1 he ne$$ no  

aid f any be+ to p]=m su* an act4  #d4  
,& relative to ,pet]'s visit to ! tomb1 
!re is a total disp>ity 9 ! te/imony ( !
 witnesses4 ,accord+ to ,luke1 he did n 
g into ! sepul*re1 b only /oop$ d[n &   
look$ 94 ,b ,m>k affirms he did g 91 & t
 x 0 ! disciple :o w5t ) him :o /oop$   
d[n4  #e4 ,& ) respect to ! ev5ts :i*   
occurr$ imm$iately subsequ5t to !       
resurrection1 !re is no less            
discrepancy1 no ne>] agreem5t1 9 !      
te/imony ( ! evangelical witnesses4     
,mat!w says t :5 ,*ri/'s disciples fir/ 
met him aft] ! resurrection1 !y wor%ip$ 
him1 & held him by ! feet4 7,matt1      
xxviii4 #i7 ,/range1 inde$1 & :olly     
incr$ible1 if ,john is a reliable       
witness1 = he affirms he did n all[ ev5 
8 be/ & de>e/ fri5d 7,m>y7 to t\* him4  
,& !n ,john combats ?is te/imony ( 8 by 
decl>+ he invit$ ! skeptical ,?omas1 n  
only to t\* him1 b to ?ru/ 8 h& into 8  
side = tangible pro( ( 8 id5tity4  #f4  
,& :y1 let u ask "h1 0 n ! skeptical    
,?omas damn$ = 8 d\bt+1 :5 we1 :o live  

?\s&s ( miles f ! place1 & ne>ly two    
?\s& ye>s f ! "t1 are (t5 told by !     
prie/hood we mu/ believe or be damn$8   
#g4 ,& if ,?omas 0 really conv9c$ by ?is
 occurr5ce1 or if x ev] took place1 :y h
 we no acc\nt ( 8 subsequ5t life8 ,:at  
good 0 effect$ by 8 conv9cem5t if he    
nev] said or did any?+ aft]w>d8  #h4    
,john tells u ,m>y fir/ saw ,*ri/1 aft] 
8 resurrection1 at ! tomb1 b ,mat!w says
 x 0 on h] way home %e fir/ saw him4    
#i4 ,we are told by ,luke 7xxiv4 #cf7 t 
:5 ,*ri/ appe>$ to 8 disciples on a     
c]ta9 occasion1 !y 7 fright5$1 suppos+ x
 to be a _s4 ,b ,john 7xx4 #bj7 says !y 
7 glad4 ,:i* mu/ we believe8  #aj4      
,accord+ to ,mat!w1 ! disciples 7 all   
pres5t on ?is occasion2 b accord+ to    
,john1 ,?omas 0 n !re4  #aa4 ,"h let x  
be not$ t none ( ! n>rators claim to h  
se5 ,*ri/ rise f ! tomb1 nor to h got x 
f anybody :o did see x ,! only pro( 9   
?is case is _! decl>ation1 ,x came to   
pass4  #ab4 ,& we are prompt$ to ask "h1
 h[ x came to pass t ! *ief prie/s &    

ph>isees *]i%$ suffici5t fai? 9 ,*ri/'s 
resurrection to set a wat* = x1 z ,mat!w
 reports1 :5 8 own disciples 7 too      
fai?less 9 su* an ev5t to be pres5t1 or 
to believe he _h ris5 aft] ! report     
rea*$ _! e>s2 = we are told "s d\bt$4   
7,see ,matt1 xxiii47  #ac4 ,& h[ came   
,mat!w to "k ! soldi]s 7 brib$ to say   
,*ri/'s body 0 /ol5 away by 8 disciples1
 :5 ! disclosures ( su* a secret w\ld h 
be5 dea? "u ! ,roman gov]nm5t4  #ad4 ,& 
_! confession ( be+ asleep1 z relat$ by 
,mat!w1 w\ld h subject$ !m to ! same    
fatal p5alty by ! civil rul]s ( ,rome4  
#ae4 ,& if ! soldi]s 7 all asleep1 c we 
n sugge/ sev]al ways ! body may h       
disappe>$ )\t be+ re/or$ to life8  #af4 
,& "h we w\ld ask if ,*ri/ rose f ! dead
 9 ord] to conv9ce ! _w ( 8 div9e p[]1  
:y did n ! ev5t take place 9 public8 ,:y
 0 x se5 only by a few cr$ul\s & int]e/$
 disciples8  #ag4 ,& if su* an a/oni%+ &
 miracul\s ev5t did occur1 :y does n "o 
( ! num]\s cotempor>y writ]s ( ^? times 
make any allusion to x8 ,nei!r ,pl9y1   

,tacitus1 nor ,josephus1 :o detail !    
ev5ts v m9utely1 n only ( ^? times1 b ( 
t v c\ntry1 says a ^w ab\t su* a        
wond]-excit+ occurr5ce4 ,?is fact (     
itself entirely ov]?r[s ! cr$ibility ( !
 /ory4  #ah4 ,& ! fact t sev]al ,*ri/ian
 sects1 :i* fl\ri%$ ne> ^? times1 z !   
,cor9?ians & ,c>pocratians1 etc41       
reject$ ! /ory 9 toto1 furni%es ano!r   
p[]ful argum5t = discr$it+ x4  #ai4 ,&  
!n add to ?is fact t 8 own *os5 foll[]s 
7 upbraid$ = _! unbelief 9 ! matt]4     
#bj4 ,& :at 0 ,*ri/ do+ dur+ ! =ty days 
betwe5 8 resurrection & asc5sion1 t he  
%\ld only be se5 a few times1 & b a few 
m9utes at a "t1 & by b a few p]sons1 &  
^? int]e/$8  #ba4 ,& we w\ld ask1       
likewise1--,:at m c be prov$ by ,*ri/'s 
physical resurrection ?an t ( !         
resurrection ( ,laz>us1 ! wid['s son1 & 
sev]al cases relat$ 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t1  
or ! num]\s cases report$ 9 ori5tal     
hi/ory8  #bb4 ,& :at analogy is !re 9 ! 
resurrection ( ! dead body ( a p]fect & 
self-exi/5t ,god & t ( vile man8  #bc4  

,& :y %\ld ,*ri/ be call$ ! fir/ fruits 
( ! resurrection1 :5 s _m cases are     
report$ z occurr+ be=e 88  #bd4 ,& :y d 
,*ri/ians build _! hopes ( immortality  
almo/ entirely ^u ,*ri/'s alleg$        
resurrection1 9 view ( ! num]\s facts we
 h cit$ %[+ x to be a m]e s&y f\ndation8
  #be4 ,( c\rse no p]son :o believes 9  
mod]n spiritualism w discr$it ! /ory (  
,*ri/ be+ visually recogniz$ aft] 8 dea?
 z a _s--= !y h ocul> pro( t _m su*     
cases h occurr$ )9 ! la/ decade ( ye>s4 
,b x is ! /ory ( 8 physical resurrection
 we are combat+--! reanimation ( 8 fle% 
& bones aft] hav+ be5 subject$ ?ree days
 to ! laws ( decomposition4 ,nei!r      
sci5ce nor s5se c indorse su* a /ory4   
#bf4 ,x 0 a v easy matt]1 & v natural to
 mi/ake ,*ri/'s spiritual body = 8      
physical body2 = su* mi/akes h be5 made 
a ?\s& times 9 ! _w's hi/ory4  #bg4 ,is 
x n /range1 9 view ( ! c\ntless defects 
9 ! /ory ( ,*ri/'s physical resurrection
 z enum]at$ above1 t ! or?odox ,*ri/ian 
_w %\ld rely ^u x z ! great %eet an*or (

 _! fai?1 & z _! *ief & almo/ _! only   
hope ( immortal life8     ,,*apt] ,,xx4 
,,reappe>ance ,,& ,,asc5sion ,,( ,,!    
,,saviors4  ,,_m cases are relat$ by _! 
respective sacr$ n>ratives ( ! anci5t   
,saviors1 & o!r be+s possess+ ! =m (    
man1 & previ\sly recogniz$ z m51        
reappe>+ to _! disciples & fri5ds1 aft] 
hav+ be5 consign$ to ! tomb = ?ree days1
 or a long] or %ort] p]iod ( "t1 & ( _! 
f9al asc5sion to ! h\se ( _m mansions4  
,x is relat$ ( ! ,indian or ,h9doo      
,savior ,*ri%na1 t aft] hav+ ris5 f !   
dead1 he appe>$ aga9 to 8 disciples4 ,he
 asc5d$ to ,voiacan?a 7heav571 to       
,brahma1 ! fir/ p]son ( ! tr9ity 7he    
himself be+ ! second71 & t z he asc5d$1 
all m5 saw him1 & exclaim$1 ',lo6       
,*ri%na's s\l asc5ds to 8 native skies4'
 ,& x is fur!r relat$ t1 att5d$ by      
cele/ial spirits14444 he pursu$ by 8 own
 light ! j\rney betwe5 e>? & heav51 to !
 bright p>adise :5ce he _h desc5d$4  ,( 
! n9? inc>nation ( ,india1 ! ,savior    
,sakia1 x is decl>$1 t he asc5d$ to !   

cele/ial regions1 & 8 pi\s & dev\t      
disciples po9t ! skeptic to indelible   
impressions & ineffaceable footpr9ts on 
! rocks ( a high m\nta9 z an imp]i%able 
pro( ( ! decl>ation t he took 8 la/     
leave ( e>? & made 8 asc5t f t po9t4  ,x
 is relat$ ( ! crucifi$ ,prome!us1      
likewise1 t aft] hav+ giv5 up ! gho/ on 
! cross1 desc5d$ to hell1 ,*ri/'s s\l 0 
n left 9 hell1 see ,acts ii4 #ca71 he   
rose aga9 f ! dead1 & asc5d$ into heav54
  ,& !n x is decl>$ ( ! ,egyptian       
,savior ,alcides1 t aft] hav+ be5 se5 a 
numb] ( times1 he asc5d$ to a high]     
life1 go+ up1 l ,elijah1 9 a *>iot (    
fire4  ,! /ory ( ! crucifixion (        
,quexalcote ( ,mexico1 foll[$ by 8      
burial1 resurrection & asc5sion1 is     
di/9ctly relat$ 9 ! holy & inspir$      
gospels ( t c\ntry1 :i* ,"l ,k+sbor\gh  
admitt$ to be m ?an two ?\s& ye>s old4  
,( ,laotsi ( ,*9a1 x is said t :5 he _h 
complet$ 8 mission ( b5evol5ce1 he      
asc5d$ bodily alive into ! p>adise      
above4 7,prog1 ( ,rel4 ,ideas1 vol4     

#bad47 ,& x is relat$ ( ,fo ( ! same    
c\ntry1 t hav+ complet$ 8 glori\s       
mission on e>?1 he asc5d$ back to       
p>adise1 :]e he _h previ\sly exi/$ f all
 et]nity4  ,x is relat$ also 9 ! anci5t 
leg5ds1 t ! ,savior or ,god ,xamalxis ( 
,?race1 hav+ di$1 & desc5d$ b5ea? ! e>?1
 & rema9$ !re ?ree ye>s1 made 8         
appe>ance aga9 9 ! f\r? ye> aft] 8 dea?1
 z he _h previ\sly =etold1 & ev5tually  
asc5d$ to heav5 ab\t #fjj ,b4 ,c4 ,ev5  
"s ( ! ,h9doo sa9ts are report$ 9 _!    
holy & "t-honor$ books to h be5 se5     
asc5d+ to heav54 ,& impressions on !    
rocks are %[n1 says an au?or1 said to be
 ( footpr9ts !y _h left :5 !y asc5d$4   
,x is relat$ bo? by ! ,grecian biograph]
 ,plut>*1 9 8 life ( ,romulus1 & by a   
,roman hi/orian1 t ! great f\nd] ( ,rome
 7,romulus7 sudd5ly asc5d$ 9 a tempe/   
dur+ a sol> eclipse1 ab\t #gac ,b4 ,c4  
,& ,julius ,proculis1 a ,roman s5ator ( 
great fame & high reputation1 decl>$1 "u
 solemn oa?1 t he saw him1 & talk$ ) him
 aft] 8 dea?4   ,,a/ronomical ,,v]sion  

,,( ,,! ,,/ory4  ,be=e dismiss+ ?is     
*apt]1 we may /ate t1 9 common ) mo/ o!r
 religi\s conceptions1 ! doctr9e ( !    
asc5sion has 9 ! anci5t leg5ds an       
a/ronomical repres5tation4  ,hav+ said t
 a planet 0 buri$ because x sunk bel[ ! 
horizon1 :5 x return$ to light & ga9$   
its /ate ( em95ce1 !y spoke ( x z dead1 
ris5 aga91 & asc5d$ into heav54         
7,volney1 p4 #adc47 ,:at is ! /ory ( !  
asc5sion ( ,*ri/ wor? 9 view ( ^! anci5t
 pagan traditions ( e>li] orig98        
,,asc5sion ,,( ,,! ,,*ri/ian ,,savior4  
#a4 ,! diff]5t scriptural acc\nts ( !   
asc5sion ( ,*ri/ are1 l ! diff]5t /ories
 ( ! resurrection1 q contradictory1 &1  
h5ce1 entitl$ to z little cr$it4 ,9     
,luke 7xxiv471 he is repres5t$ z asc5d+ 
on ! ev5+ ( ! ?ird day aft] !           
crucifixion4 ,b ! writ] ( ,acts 7i4 #c7 
says he did n asc5d till =ty days aft] 8
 resurrection2 :ile1 accord+ to 8 own   
decl>ation to ! ?ief on ! cross1 ,?is   
day %alt ?\ be ) me 9 p>adise1 he mu/ h 
asc5d$ on ! same day ( 8 crucifixion4   

,:i* /atem5t mu/ we accept z inspir$1 or
 :at is prov$ by su* contradictory      
te/imony8  #b4 ,:i* mu/ we believe1     
,paul's decl>ation t he 0 se5 by above  
five hundr$ ( ! bre?r5 at once 7#a ,cor4
 xv4 #f71 or ! /atem5t ( ! au?or ( !    
,acts 7i4 #ae71 t !re 7 b "o hundr$ &   
tw5ty bre?r5 9 all aft] t p]iod8  #c4   
,h[ w\ld 8 asc5sion d any?+ t[>d prov+ 8
 div9ity1 unless x also proves ! div9ity
 ( ,eno* & ,elijah1 :o are report$ to h 
asc5d$ long prior to t era8  #d4 ,z ^!  
/ories ( ! asc5sion ( ,*ri/1 accord+ to 
,l>dn]1 7 writt5 _m ye>s aft] 8         
crucifixion4 ,is x n h5ce probable !y   
grew out ( simil> /ories relative to !  
hea!n ,gods long previ\sly preval5t 9   
ori5tal c\ntries8  #e4 ,z ^! gospel     
writ]s c\ld n h be5 pres5t to witness ! 
asc5sion1 z x mu/ h occurr$ be=e _! "t (
 active life1 does n ?is fact ( itself  
s]i\sly damage ! cr$ibility ( ! acc\nts1
 & m especially z nei!r ,m>k nor ,luke1 
:o are ! only report]s ( ! occurr5ce1 7 
n disciples ( ,*ri/ at ! "t1 :ile ,mat!w

 & ,john1 :o 71 say no?+ ab\t x8--ano!r 
fact :i* ca/s a %ade on ! cr$ibility ( !
 /ory4     ,,*apt] ,,xxi4 ,,!           
,,atonem5t--,,its ,,ori5tal ,,or ,,hea!n
 ,,orig94  ,,!re 7 v>i\s practices 9    
vogue among/ ! ori5tali/s1 :i* orig9at$ 
) ! design ( appeas+ ! ang]1 &          
propitiat+ ! favor ( a presum$ to be    
irascible deity4 ,mo/ ( ^! practices    
consi/$ 9 "s k9d ( sacrifice or         
de/ructive (f]+ call$ ! atonem5t4 ,b "h 
let x be obs]v$1 t ! doctr9e ( atonem5t 
= s91 by sacrifice1 0 unfold$ by        
degrees1 & t ! crucifixion ( a ,god 0 n 
! fir/ practical exhibition ( x4 ,on !  
contr>y1 x appe>s to h comm5c$ ) ! mo/  
valueless or *eape/ species ( prop]ty !n
 kn[n4 ,& f ?is />t+-po9t asc5d$        
gradually1 s z f9ally to embody ! mo/   
co/ly commodities2 & did n /op "h1 b    
rea*$ =w>d till x laid its murd]\s h&s  
on human be+s1 & immolat$ !m ^u its     
bloody alt>s4 ,& f9ally1 to cap !       
climax1 x assum$ ! effront]y to drag a  
,god (f ! ?rone ( heav51 to /an* its    

blood-?ir/y _s1 z ev9c$ by ,paul's      
decl>ation1 ,)\t ! %$d+ ( blood !re c be
 no remission ( s94 ,r a bloody doctr9e1
 & "o :i* our humanity rejects )        
in/9ctive horror4  ,we w trace ! doctr9e
 ( ! atonem5t briefly ?r\gh its         
successive /ages ( gr[? & developm5t4   
,! idea seems to h />t$ v e>ly 9 !      
practical hi/ory ( ! human race1 t !    
sacrifice & consequ5t deprivation (     
e>?ly goods1 or "s t]re/ial enjoym5t1   
w\ld h ! effect to mitigate ! ang]1     
propitiate ! favor1 & obta9 ! m]cy ( an 
imag9>y & v5geful ,god4 ,?is idea       
obvi\sly 0 sugge/$ by obs]v+ t _! e>?ly 
rul]s always smil$1 & became less       
rigor\s 9 _! laws1 & mild] 9 _! treatm5t
 ( _! subjects1 :5 !y made !m pres5ts ( 
"s valuable or desirable commodity4 ,!y 
soon le>n$ t su* (f]+s _h ! effect to   
*eck _! cruel & bloody mode ( gov]n+ !  
p2 s t :5 _! h\ses 7 %ak5 d[n1 or       
swall[$ up by e>?quakes1 ! trees riv5 by
 lightn+1 & pro/rat$ by /orms1 & _!     
cattle swept away by floods1 suppos+ x  

to be ! "w ( an angry ,god1 ! ?\ght     
arose 9 _! m9ds at once1 t p]haps 8 wra?
 c\ld be abat$ by ! same exp$i5t z t :i*
 _h s]v$ 9 ! case ( _! mundane lords--t 
( mak+ pres5ts ( prop]ty4 ,b z ?is      
prop]ty c\ld n be c>ri$ up to ! cele/ial
 ?rone1 ! exp$i5t 0 adopt$ ( burn+ x1 s 
t ! sub/ance or qu9tess5ce ( x w\ld be  
convey$ up to ! heav5ly ,pot5tate 9 !   
%ape ( /eam & smoke1 :i* w\ld make =    
him1 z ! ,jews express x1 a sweet-smell+
 savor4 ,abundant & conspicu\s is !     
evid5ce 9 hi/ory to %[ t ! cu/om (      
burnt-(f]+s & atonem5ts = s9 orig9at$ 9 
?is way4  ,! fir/ species ( prop]ty made
 use ( = burnt-(f]+s appe>s to h be5 !  
fruits ( ! e>?--vegetables1 fruits1     
roots1 etc41--! l[e/ k9d ( prop]ty 9    
po9t ( value4 ,b ! ?\ght soon naturally 
sprang up 9 ! m9d ( ! devotee1 t a m    
valuable (f]+ w\ld soon] & m effectually
 secure ! div9e favor4 ,h5ce1 levies 7  
made on liv+ h]ds ( cattle1 %eep1 goats 
& o!r dome/ic animals4 ,?is 0 ! second  
/ep 9 ! asc5d+ scale t[>d ,gods4  ,& "h 

we f9d ! key to op5 & solve ! my/]y (   
,jehovah's pref]r+ ,abel's (f]+ to      
,ca9's4 ,:ile ! latt] consi/$ 9 m]e     
inanimate sub/ances1 ! =m] embrac$ !    
fir/l+s ( ! flock--a high] & m valuable 
species ( prop]ty1 & q suffici5t to     
induce ! selfi% ,jehovah to pref]       
,abel's (f]+ to ,ca9's1 or r = ! selfi% 
,jews to *]i% ?is conception4 ,9 all    
nations :]e (f]+s 7 made1 ! conclusion  
became e/abli%$ 9 ! m9ds ( ! p t ! am\nt
 ( ,god's favor procur$ 9 ?is way mu/ be
 proportionate to ! value ( ! commodity 
or victim (f]$ up--a conviction :i*     
ultimately l$ to ! seizure ( human be+s 
= ! aton+ (f]+s1 :i* br+s u to ! ?ird   
/age ( gr[? 9 ! atonem5t doctr9e4       
,*ildr5 frequ5tly con/itut$ ! victims 9 
?is case4 ,! sacrifice ( ,jeph?ah's     
daught]1 z relat$ 9 ,judges xi4 #cj1 &  
o!r cases cit$ by bible writ]s1 7,isaiah
 xxxii4 #be71 & mod]n ,*ri/ian au?ors1  
prove t ?is practice 0 9 vogue among    
,god's holy p4  ,"o /ep m 7con/itut+ !  
f\r? /age ( developm5t7 br+s u to !     

sacrifice ( ,gods4 ,! climax is n[      
rea*$2 ! conception c g no high]4 ,!    
anci5t ,birmese taught t :ile common    
prop]ty 9 burnt-(f]+s w\ld procure !    
tempor>y favor ( ! rul+ ,god1 !         
sacrifice ( human be+s w\ld secure 8    
good pleasure = a ?\s& ye>s1 & cancel   
out all ! s9s committ$ 9 t p]iod4 ,& :5 
"o ( ! ?ree ,gods on ! ?rone ( heav5 0  
dragg$ d[n1 or volunt>ily came d[n 7z "s
 ( ! sects taught71 & 0 put to dea? on !
 cross z an atonem5t = s91 su* 0 ! value
 ( ! victim1 su* ! magnitude ( ! (f]+1 t
 x aton$ = all s91 pa/1 pres5t & future1
 = all ! human race4  ,! ,h9doos1 *]i%+ 
?is conception1 taught t ! crucifixion (
 _! s9-aton+ ,savior ,*ri%na 7#abjj ,b4 
,c47 put an end to bo? animal & human   
sacrifices1 & accord+ly su* (f]+s ceas$ 
9 mo/ ,h9doo c\ntries c5turies ago4 ,?us
 f> back 9 ! mire & midnight ( human    
ignorance1 & amid ! cl\ds ( m5tal       
d>kness1 :ile man dwelt ^u ! animal     
plane1 & 0 gov]n$ by 8 brutal feel+s1 & 
blood = blood 0 ! requisition = human   

(f5ses1 orig9at$ ! bloody1 savage &     
revolt+ doctr9e ( ! atonem5t4  ,ano!r   
mode ( adjudicat+ ! s9s ( ! p 9 vogue 9 
"s c\ntries ant]ior to ! cu/om ( %$d+   
blood z an expiation1 0 t ( pack+ !m on 
! back1 head1 or horns ( "s animal by a 
=mal hocus-pocus process1 & !n driv+ !  
animal into a wild]ness1 or "s o!r place
 s remote t ! brute c\ld n f9d its way  
back among/ ! p ) its c>go ( s9s4 ,!    
clo? or fabric us$ = inclos+ ! s9s &    
iniquities ( ! p 0 usually ( a r$ or    
sc>let color--( ! semblance ( blood4 ,9 
fact1 x 0 g5]ally dipp$ 9 blood4 ,?is1  
be+ la%$ to ! animal1 w\ld ( c\rse be   
expos$ to ! wea!r & ! dr5*+ ra9s1 w\ld  
consequ5tly1 9 ! c\rse ( "t1 fade &     
become :ite4 ,h5ce1 we h ! key to       
,isaiah's decl>ation1 ,?\gh y\r s9s be  
7r$7 z sc>let1 !y %all become 7:ite7 z  
wool4 7,see ,isaiah1 i4 #ah47 ,& ?us !  
mean+ ( ?is obscure text is cle>ly      
expla9$ by trac+ its orig9 to its       
ori5tal s\rce4  ,& !re are _m o!r texts 
9 ! ,*ri/ian bible :i* might be         

elucidat$ 9 a simil> mann] by us+       
ori5tal tradition1 or ori5tal sacr$     
books1 z a key to unlock & expla9 _!    
mean+4 ,we h /at$ above t "s animal 0   
made use ( by diff]5t nations to convey 
! imag9>y load ( ! p's s9s out ( !      
c\ntry4 ,= ?is purpose ! ,jews _h _!    
scapegoat1 ! ,egyptians _! scape-ox1 !  
,h9doos _! scape-horse1 ! ,*aldeans _!  
scape-ram1 ! ,britons _! scape-bull1 !  
,mexicans _! scape-lamb & scape-m\se1 ! 
,tamalese _! scape-h51 & ! ,*ri/ians at 
a lat] p]iod _! scape-,god4 ,jesus ,*ri/
 may prop]ly be t]m$ ! scape-,god (     
or?odox ,*ri/ians1 z he /&s 9 ! same    
relation to 8 disciples1 :o believe 9 ! 
atonem5t1 z ! goat did to ! ,jews1 &    
p]=ms ! same end & (fice4 ,! goat & !   
o!r s9-(f]+ animals took away ! s9 ( !  
nation 9 ea* case respectively4 ,9 l    
mann] ,jesus ,*ri/ takes away ! s9 ( !  
_w1 be+ call$ ! ,lamb ( ,god t take?    
away ! s9 ( ! _w4 7,john i4 #bi47 ,& m  
?an two ?\s& ye>s ago ! ,mexicans       
sacrific$ a lamb z an atonem5t1 :i* !y  

call$ ! ,lamb ( ,god--! same title      
scripturally appli$ to ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,! 
conception 9 ea* case is1 !n1 ! same--t 
( ! atonem5t = s9 by ! sacrifice ( an   
innoc5t victim4  ,! above citations %[ t
 ! pres5t cu/om ( or?odox ,*ri/5dom1 9  
pack+ _! s9s ^u ! back ( a ,god1 is j ! 
same sub/antially z t ( v>i\s hea!n     
nations1 :o 7 anci5tly 9 ! habit ( pack+
 !m ^u ! backs ( v>i\s dumb animals4 ,if
 "s ( our ,*ri/ian bre?r5 %\ld prote/   
aga9/ our speak+ ( ! *ur*'s idea (      
atonem5t z t ( pack+ _! s9s ^u ! back ( 
a ,god1 we w "h prove ! appropriat5ess (
 ! t]m ^u ! au?ority ( ! bible4 ,pet]   
expressly decl>es ,*ri/ bore our s9s ^u 
8 own body on a tree 7see #a ,pet] ii4  
#bd71 j z ! ,jews decl>$ ! goat bore _! 
s9s on 8 body1 & ! anci5t ,brahm9s      
taught t ! bulls & ! heif]s bore !irs   
away1 etc41 :i* %[s t ! :ole conception 
is ( purely hea!n orig94 ,& h]eaft]1 :5 
!y laugh at ! ,jewi% sup]/ition ( a     
scape-goat1 let !m be> 9 m9d t m s5sible
 & intellig5t p may laugh 9 turn at _!  

sup]/iti\s doctr9e ( a scape-,god4  ,^! 
sup]/iti\s cu/oms 7 simply exp$i5ts (   
diff]5t nations to evade ! puni%m5t ( _!
 s9s--an attempt to %ift _! retributive 
consequ5ces on to o!r be+s4 ,! div9e    
atonem5t m especially possess$ ?is "*4  
,?is sy/em tea*es t ! son ( ,god &      
,savior ( ! _w 0 s5t d[n & inc>nat$1 9  
ord] to die = ! p1 & ?us suff] by proxy 
! puni%m5t met$ out by div9e wra? = !   
s9s ( ! :ole _w4 ,! blood ( a ,god mu/  
atone = ! s9s ( ! :ole human family1 z  
rams1 goats1 bullocks & o!r animals _h  
aton$ = ! s9s ( families & nations "u   
old] sy/ems4 ,?us taught ,brahm9ism1    
,budhism1 ,p]sianism1 & o!r religi\s    
sy/ems1 be=e ! dawn ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,!   
nucleus ( ! aton+ sy/em is f\nd$ 9 !    
doctr9e1 ,)\t ! %$d+ ( blood !re is no  
remission = s9 7,rom4 v4 #i7--;a mon/r\s
 & morally revolt+ doctr9e--a doctr9e   
:i* tea*es u t somebodys blood mu/ be   
%$1 somebody's ve9s & art]ies deplet$1 =
 e trivial (f5se committ$ aga9/ ! moral 
law4 ,somebody mu/ pay ! p5alty 9 blood1

 somebody mu/ be slaught]$ = e little   
foible or peccadillo or moral blund]    
into :i* err+ man may *ance to /umble   
:ile ^u ! pilgrimage ( life1 :ile       
j\rney+ ?r\gh ! wild]ness ( "t1 ev5 if a
 ,god has to be dragg$ f 8 ?rone 9      
heav51 & murd]$ to accompli% x4 ,no?+   
less w mitigate ! div9e wra?4  ,^:      
s\l--possess+ ! slighte/ moral          
s5sibility--does n inw>dly & in/9ctively
 revolt at su* a doctr9e8 ,we w\ld n    
tea* x to ! _w1 = x is f\nd$ 9 but*]y & 
blood%$1 & is an old pagan sup]/ition1  
:i* orig9at$ f> back 9 ! midnight (     
m5tal d>kness & hea!n ignorance1 :5 !   
:ole human race 7 "u ! lawless sway ( _!
 brutal prop5sities1 & :5 ! ennobl+     
attributes ( love1 m]cy & =giv5ess _h z 
yet f\nd no place1 no abid+ home1 9 !   
human bosom4 ,! bloody s\l ( ! savage   
fir/ gave x bir?4 ,we hold ! doctr9e to 
be a a high-h&$ insult to ! ,all-lov+   
,fa!r1 :o1 we are told1 is long-suff]+ 9
 m]cy1 & pl5tiful 9 =giv5ess1 to *>ge   
,him ) sanction+ su* a doctr9e1 mu* less

 ) orig9at+ x4  ,!re is no m]cy or      
=giv5ess 9 putt+ an innoc5t be+ to dea? 
= any pretext :atev]4 ,& = ! ,fa!r to   
cons5t to ! brutal assass9ation ( ,8 own
 innoc5t ,son ^u ! cross to gratify an  
implacable rev5ge t[>d 8 own *ildr51 !  
workman%ip ( 8 own h&s1 r ?an =give a   
moral weakness implant$ 9 _! natures by 
a volunt>y act ( 8 own1 & = :i*         
consequ5tly he alone ought to be        
responsible1 w\ld be no?+ %ort ( murd] 9
 ! fir/ degree4  ,we *]i% no su*        
conception4 ,we _c = a mom5t h>bor a    
blasphem\s doctr9e1 :i* repres5ts !     
,univ]sal ,fa!r z be+ a bloody-m9d$ &   
murd]\s be+1 in/ead ( a be+ ( inf9ite   
love1 inf9ite wisdom1 & inf9ite 9 all ! 
moral virtues4 ,su* a "* w\ld be a      
deep-dy$ /igma ^u any human be+4 ,& no  
p]son actuat$ by a /rict s5se ( ju/ice  
w\ld accept salvation ^u any su* t]ms z 
t prescrib$ by ! ,*ri/ian atonem5t4  ,x 
is manife/ly too unju/1 too devoid (    
moral pr9ciple1 besides be+ a flagrant  
violation ( ! fir/ pr9ciples ( civil &  

crim9al jurisprud5ce4 ,x is a d\ble     
wrong to puni% ! innoc5t = ! guilty4 ,x 
is ! infliction ( inju/ice on ! "o h&1 &
 ! omission ( ju/ice on ! o!r4 ,x       
inflicts ! highe/ p5alty ( ! law ^u an  
innoc5t be+1 :om t law ought to %ield f 
puni%m5t1 :ile x exculpates & lib]ates !
 guilty p>ty1 ^: puni%m5t ! moral law   
dem&s4 ,x robs society ( a useful man on
 ! "o h&1 & turns a moral pe/ ^u        
community on ! o!r1 ?us committ+ a      
tw(old wrong1 or act ( inju/ice4 ,no    
c\rt 9 any civiliz$ c\ntry w\ld be all[$
 to act ^u su* a pr9ciple2 & ! judge :o 
%\ld indorse x1 or favor a law1 or      
pr9ciple1 :i* puni%es ! innoc5t = !     
guilty1 w\ld be rul$ (f ! b5* at once4  
,"h1 h[ev]1 we are sometimes met ) !    
plea1 t ! (f]+ ( ,jesus ,*ri/ 0 a       
volunt>y act1 t x 0 made ) 8 own free w4
 ,b ! plea don't d away ) ei!r !        
inju/ice or crim9ality ( ! act4  ,no    
innoc5t p]son has a "r to suff] = !     
guilty1 & ! c\rts h no "r to accept !   
(f] or admit ! sub/itute4 ,an           

illu/ration w %[ ?is4 ,if ,jeff]son     
,davis _h be5 convict$ ( ! crime (      
treason1 & s5t5c$ to be hung1 & ,abraham
 ,l9coln _h come =w>d & (f]$ to be      
/ret*$ ^u ! gall[s 9 8 place1 is !re a  
c\rt 9 ! civiliz$ _w :i* w\ld h accept$ 
! sub/itute1 & hung ,l9coln1 & lib]at$  
,davis8 ,to ask ! "q is b to answ] x4 ,x
 is an insult to reason1 law & ju/ice to
 ent]ta9 ! proposition4  ,! doctr9e ( ! 
atonem5t also involves ! inf9ite        
absurdity ( ,god puni%+ himself to      
appease 8 own wra?4 ,= if ! fullness ( !
 ,godhead dwelt 9 ,*ri/ bodily 7z taught
 9 ,col4 ii4 #i71 !n 8 dea? 0 ! dea? (  
,god--t is1 a div9e suicide1 prompt$ &  
committ$ by a feel+ ( ang] & rev5ge1 :i*
 t]m9at$ ! life ( ! ,inf9ite ,rul]--a   
doctr9e utt]ly devoid ( reason1 sci5ce  
or s5se4 ,we are sometimes told man owes
 a debt to 8 ,mak]1 & ! atonem5t pays t 
debt4 ,to be sure6 ,& to :om is ! debt  
ow+1 & :o pays x8 ,:y1 ! debt is ow+ to 
,god1 & ,god 79 ! p]son ( ,jesus ,*ri/7 
pays x--pays x to himself4 ,we w        

illu/rate4 ,a man approa*es 8 neighbor1 
& says1 ,sir1 ,i owe y a ?\s& doll>s1 b 
c nev] pay x4 ,v well1 x makes no       
diff]5ce1 replies ! claimant1 ,i w pay x
 myself2 & =?) ?ru/s 8 h& into 8 "r     
pocket & extracts ! money1 transf]s x to
 ! left pocket & exclaims--,!re1 ! debt 
is paid6 ,a curi\s way ( pay+ debts1 &  
"o utt]ly devoid ( s5se4 ,& yet !       
or?odox _w h adopt$ x = _! ,god4 ,we    
f9d1 h[ev]1 t !y c>efully avoid practic+
 ?is pr9ciple !mselves 9 _! deal+s ) ea*
 o!r4 ,:5 !y h a claim aga9/ a neighbor1
 we d n f9d !m ev] ?ru/+ _! h&s into _! 
own pockets to pay x (f1 b sue him1 &   
compel him to pay--if he refuses to d x 
)\t compulsion--?us prov+ !y d n consid]
 x a correct pr9ciple ( trade4  ,b we   
f9d1 ^u fur!r inve/igation1 t ! assum$  
debt is n paid--aft] all4  ,:5 a debt is
 paid1 x is cancel$1 & dismiss$ f       
memory1 & no?+ m said ab\t x4 ,b 9 ?is  
case ! s9n] is told he mu/ /ill suff] ! 
p5alty = e s9 he commits1 not)/&+ ,*ri/ 
di$ to atone = & cancel t s94  ,:]e1 !n1

 is ! virtue ( ! atonem5t8 ,l o!r       
doctr9es ( ! or?odox cre$1 x is at w> ) 
reason & common s5se1 & e pr9ciple (    
s\nd morality1 & w be m>k$ by com+ ages 
z a relic ( b>b>ism4     ,,*apt] ,,xxii4
 ,,! ,,holy ,,gho/ ,,( ,,ori5tal ,,orig9
  ,,( all ! weird1 fanciful1 & fabul\s  
/ories app]ta9+ to ! ,gods & o!r        
spiritual entities ( ! old5 times1 ^:   
caprici\s adv5tures we f9d s pr(usely   
n>rat$ 9 ori5tal my?ology--( all !      
/range1 my?ical & my/ical feats1 &      
ev]-v>y+ & ev]-div]g+ *anges 9 ! %ape1  
appe>ance1 sex1 & modes ( manife/ation  
:i* *>act]ize ! hobgobl9s or gho/ly be+s
 :i* comprise ! esot]ic /ock ( ! anci5t 
my/]ies1 t app]ta9+ to ! ?ird memb] ( ! 
hypo/atic union1 ! ,holy ,gho/1 seems to
 /& pre-em95t4 ,& ,i propose "h to      
submit ! facts to %[ t ! ,holy ,gho/    
/ory ( ! ,*ri/ian ,gospels1 l ! m anci5t
 pagan v]sions ( ! same /ory1 is m>k$ by
 ! same wild1 discordant & leg5d>y      
*>act]i/ics :i* ab\nd 9 all ! acc\nts ( 
gods & gho/s f\nd record$ 9 ! religi\s  

books ( v>i\s nations4  ,! foll[+ brief 
exposition ( ! hi/ory & exploits ( ?is  
anomal\s1 nondescript1 *ameleon-l be+ w 
cle>ly ev9ce t ! same fanciful1         
metaphorical & fabul\s *anges 9 ! size1 
%ape1 sex & appe>ance ( ?is ?ird limb ( 
! triune ,god are f\nd 9 ! ,*ri/ian     
,scriptures :i* are disclos$ 9 ! m      
anci5t ori5tal traditions4  ,we w fir/  
exhibit a classification ( ! names &    
*>act]i/ics ( ?is imag9>y be+ drawn f ! 
gospels & epi/les ( ! ,*ri/ian bible1 by
 :i* x w be obs]v$ t sc>cely any two    
ref]5ces to x agree 9 assign+ x ! same  
"* or attributes4  #a4 ,9 ,john xiv4    
#bf1 ! ,holy ,gho/ is spok5 ( z a p]son 
or p]sonal ,god4  #b4 ,9 ,luke iii4 #bb1
 ! ,holy ,gho/ *anges1 & assumes ! =m ( 
a dove4  #c4 ,9 ,matt4 xiii4 #af1 !     
,holy ,gho/ becomes a _s  #d4 ,9 ,john  
i4 #cb1 ! ,holy ,gho/ is pres5t$ z an   
inanimate1 s5seless object4  #e4 ,9     
,john v4 #g1 ! ,holy ,gho/ becomes a    
,god--! ?ird memb] ( ! ,tr9ity4'  #f4 ,9
 ,acts ii4 #a1 ! ,holy ,gho/ is av]r$ to

 be a mighty1 ru%+ w9d4  #g4 ,9 ,acts x4
 #ch1 ! ,holy ,gho/1 we inf]1 f its mode
 ( application1 is an o9tm5t4  #h4 ,9   
,john xx4 #bb1 ! ,holy ,gho/ is ! brea?1
 z we legitimately inf] by its be+      
brea!d into ! m\? ( ! recipi5t aft] !   
anci5t ori5tal cu/om4  #i4 ,9 ,adis ii4 
#c1 we le>n ! ,holy ,gho/ sat ^u ea* (  
!m1 probably 9 ! =m ( a bird1 z at      
,jesus' baptism4  #aj4 ,9 ,adis ii4 #a1 
! ,holy ,gho/ appe>s z clov5 tongues (  
fire4  #aa4 ,9 ,luke ii4 #bf1 ! ,holy   
,gho/ is ! au?or ( a revelation or      
inspiration4  #ab4 ,9 ,adis viii4 #ag1 !
 ,holy ,gho/ is a magnetic aura imp>t$  
by ! lay+ on ( h&s4  #ac4 ,9 ,m>k i4 #h1
 ! ,holy ,gho/ is a m$ium or elem5t =   
baptism4  #ad4 ,9 ,adis xxviii4 #be1 !  
,holy ,gho/ appe>s ) vocal organs1 &    
speaks4  #ae4 ,9 ,heb4 vi4 #d1 ! ,holy  
,gho/ is dealt out or imp>t$ by measure4
  #af4 ,9 ,luke iii4 #bb1 ! ,holy ,gho/ 
appe>s ) a tangible body4  #ag4 ,9 ,luke
 i4 #e1 & _m o!r texts1 we are taught p 
are fill$ ) ! ,holy ,gho/4  #ah4 ,9     

,matt4 xi4 #ae1 ! ,holy ,gho/ falls ^u !
 p z a pond]able sub/ance4  #ai4 ,9     
,luke iv4 #a1 ! ,holy ,gho/ is a ,god )9
 a ,god--,jesus be+ full ( ! ,holy      
,gho/4  #bj4 ,9 ,acts xxi4 #aa1 ! ,holy 
,gho/ is a be+ ( ! mascul9e or fem99e   
g5d]--,?us sai? ! ,holy ,gho/1 etc4     
#ba4 ,9 ,john i4 #cb1 ! ,holy ,gho/ is (
 ! neut] g5d]--,x 7! ,holy ,gho/7 abode 
^u him4  #bb4 ,9 ,matt4 i4 #ah1 ! ,holy 
,gho/ becomes a vic>i\s ag5t 9 !        
procreation ( ano!r ,god2 t is1 ?is ?ird
 memb] ( ! ,tr9ity aids ! fir/ memb] 7! 
,fa!r7 9 ! creation or g5]ation ( !     
second memb] ( ! triad ( ba*elor        
,gods--! ,^w1 or ,savior1 or ,son (     
,god4  ,su* are ! ev]-%ift+ sc5es       
pres5t$ 9 ! ,scripture panorama ( !     
,holy ,gho/4 ,surpass+ ! fabul\s *anges 
( "s ( ! m anci5t demigods1 ! ,*ri/ian  
,holy ,gho/ und]goes 7z is %[n by !     
above-quot$ texts7 a p]petual meta!sis  
or metamorphosis--be+ v>i\sly pres5t$ on
 diff]5t occasions z a p]sonal &        
rational be+1 a dove1 a _s1 an inanimate

 object1 a ,god1 ! w9d or a w9d1 an     
o9tm5t1 ! brea? or a brea?1 clov5 tongue
 ( fire1 a bird1 or "s o!r fly+ recumb5t
 animal1 a revelator or div9e mess5g]1 a
 m$ium or elem5t = baptism1 an          
intellig5t1 speak+ be+1 a lifeless1     
bodiless1 sexless be+1 a measurable     
fluid sub/ance1 a be+ possess+ a body1  
pond]able1 unconsci\s sub/ance1 a ,god  
dwell+ )9 a ,god1 &1 f9ally--?\gh really
 fir/ 9 ord]--! au?or or ag5t ( !       
inc>nation ( ! second ,god 9 ! ,tr9ity  
7,jesus ,*ri/74  ,t _m ( ^! fabul\s     
conceptions 7 drawn f my?ological s\rces
 w be made manife/ by ! foll[+ facts (  
hi/ory3--  #a4 ,! ,holy ,gho/ 9 ! %ape (
 a bird1 a dove or a pigeon4 ,?is is    
prov5 to be a v anci5t pagan tradition1 
z x is f\nd incorporat$ 9 sev]al ( !    
ori5tal religi\s sy/ems4 ,9 anci5t      
,india1 ^: prolific spiritual fancies   
con/itute ! prim>y p>5tage ( ne>ly all !
 doctr9es1 dogmas & sup]/itions f\nd    
incorporat$ 9 ! ,*ri/ian ,scriptures1 a 
dove 0 uni=mly ! emblem ( ! ,holy ,_s1  

or ,_s ( ,god4 ,confirmatory ( ?is      
/atem5t1 we f9d ! decl>ation 9 !        
,anacalypsis1 t a dove /ood = or        
repres5t$ a ?ird memb] ( ! ,tr9ity1 & 0 
! reg5]ator or reg5]atory p[]4 ,?is     
meets ! ,*ri/ian idea ( reg5]ation &    
r5ew+ ( ! ,holy ,gho/4 7,titus iii4 #e47
 ,a p]son be+ baptiz$ "u ! ,brahm9ical  
!ocracy 0 said to be reg5]at$ & born    
aga91 or1 z ! above-quot$ writ]         
expresses x1 ,!y 7 born into ! _s1 or ! 
_s into !m--t is1 ! dove into or ^u !m1 
7,z vide ! case ( ! ,*ri/ian's ,holy    
,gho/ desc5d+ 9 bodily %ape l a dove1 & 
alight+ on ,*ri/'s head at baptism1 z   
relat$ 9 ,luke iii4 #bb47 ,9 anci5t     
,rome a dove or pigeon 0 ! emblem ( !   
female procreative en]gy1 & frequ5tly a 
leg5d>y _s1 ! accompanim5t ( ,v5us4 ,&  
h5ce1 z a writ] rem>ks1 ,x is v         
appropriately repres5t$ z desc5d+ at    
baptism 9 ! "* ( ! ?ird memb] ( !       
,tr9ity4 ,! same writ] tells u1 ,! dove 
fills ! ,grecian oracles ) _! _s & p[]4 
,we f9d ! dove1 also1 9 ! romantic      

eclogues ( anci5t ,syria4 ,9 ! "t-*isel$
 ,syrian temple ( ,hi]apolis1 ,semiramis
 is repres5t$ ) a dove on h] head1 ?us  
con/itut+ ! prototype ( ! dove on ! head
 ( ! ,*ri/ian ,messiah at baptism4 ,& a 
dove 0 9 m ?an "o ( ! anci5t religi\s   
sy/ems--,! ,_s ( ,god 7,holy ,gho/7 mov+
 on ! face ( ! wat]s at creation1 z     
impli$ 9 ,g54 i4 #b1 ?\gh a pigeon1 0   
(t5 indiscrim9ately sub/itut$4 ,9 ,h[e's
 ,anci5t ,my/]ies x is relat$ t 9 ,/4   
,paul's ,ca!dral1 at ! fea/ (           
,:itsuntide1 ! desc5t ( ! ,holy ,gho/ 0 
p]=m$ by a :ite pigeon be+ let fly out (
 a hole 9 ! mid/ ( ! ro( ( ! great      
aisle4 ,! dove & ! pigeon1 be+ b slight 
v>iations ( ! same species ( ! fea!r$   
tribe1 7 us$ indiscrim9ately4  #b4 ,z   
ev9c$ above1 ! ,holy ,gho/ 0 ! ?ird     
memb] ( ! ,tr9ity 9 sev]al ( ! ori5tal  
sy/ems4 ,fa!r1 ,son & ,holy ,gho/1 or   
,fa!r1 ,^w & ,holy ,gho/ 7#a ,john v4   
#g71 are famili> ,*ri/ian t]ms to       
express ! div9e triad1 :i* %[s ! ,holy  
,gho/ to be ! ackn[l$g$ ?ird memb] ( !  

,*ri/ian ,tr9ity4 ,&1 z already sugge/$1
 ! same is true ( ! m anci5t sy/ems4 ,! 
,holy ,_s & ! ,evil ,_s 71 ea* 9 _! turn
 7says ,mr4 ,higg9s71 ?ird memb] ( !    
,tr9ity4 ,we might1 if space w\ld all[1 
draw l>gely ^u ! anci5t defunct sy/ems 9
 pro( ( ?is /atem5t4 ,9 ^! triads 7says 
,mr4 ,hillell7 ! ?ird memb]1 z might be 
suppos$1 0 n ( equal rank ) ! o!r two4  
,& h5ce1 9 ! ,!ban ,tr9ity1 ,khonso 0   
inf]ior to ,arion & ,mant4 ,9 ! ,h9doo  
triad1 ,siva 0 subord9ate to ,brahma &  
,vi%nu4 ,& a score ( simil> examples    
might be adduc$ f ! fancy-con/ruct$     
tr9ities ( o!r & old] ori5tal religi\s  
sy/ems 7b = ! inflexible rule ( brevity 
:i* =bids _! pres5tation "h71 ) all (   
:i* ! m mod]n ,holy ,gho/ conception ( !
 ,*ri/ian _w is an exact correspond5ce1 
z ?is imag9>y1 fabul\s be+ is less      
conspicu\s ?an & has always /ood ?ird 9 
rank ) ! ,fa!r & second to ! ,son1 alias
 ! ,^w1 & is n[ seldom address$ 9       
practical ,*ri/ian devotion2 & ?us !    
analogy is complete4 ,mr4 ,maurice says1

 ,?is notion ( a ?ird p]son 9 ! ,deity  
7! ,holy ,gho/7 0 diffus$ among all !   
nations ( ! e>?4 7,see ,ind4 ,antiq4    
vol4 iv4 p4 #ge;a7 ,& ,mr4 ,worseley1 9 
8 ,voyage 7vol4 i4 p4 #bei71 av]s ?is   
doctr9e to be ( v great antiquity1 &    
g5]ally receiv$ by all ! ,go?ic &       
,celtic nations4  #c4 ,! ,holy ,gho/ 0 !
 ,holy ,brea? :i*1 9 ! ,h9doo           
traditions1 mov$ on ! face ( ! wat]s at 
creation1 & imp>t$ life & vitality into 
ev]y?+ creat$4 ,a simil> conception is  
recogniz$ 9 ! ,*ri/ian ,scriptures4 ,9  
,psalms xxxiii4 #f1 we read1 ,by ! ,^w (
 ! ,"l 7 ! heav5s made1 & all ! ho/ ( !m
 by ! brea? ( 8 m\?4 ,"h is !           
,brahm9ical conception1 squ>e out1 ( !  
act ( creation by ! ,div9e ,brea?1 :i*  
is ! ,holy ,gho/1 ! same1 also1 :i* 0   
brea!d into ,adam1 by :i* he became a   
liv+ s\l4 ,m4 ,dubois obs]ves1 ,!       
,prana1 or pr9ciple ( life1 ( ! ,h9doos 
is ! brea? ( life by :i* ! ,creator     
7,brahma7 animates ! clay1 & man became 
a liv+ s\l4 7,page #bic47  #d4 ,holy    

,gho/1 ,holy ,brea? & ,holy ,w9d appe>  
to h be5 synonym\s & conv]tible t]ms = !
 liv+ vocal emanations f ! m\? ( !      
,supreme ,god1 z memorializ$ 9 sev]al ( 
! pagan traditions4 ,! la/ t]m 7,holy   
,w9d7 is sugge/$ by ! mighty ru%+ w9d f 
heav5 :i* fill$ ! h\se1 or *ur*1 on !   
day ( ,p5teco/4 7,see ,acts ii4 #b47    
,sev]al ( ! old religi\s sy/ems         
recognize ! ,holy ,w9d z a t]m = ! ,holy
 ,gho/4 ,! doxology 7report$ by a       
mission>y7 9 ! religi\s s]vice ( !      
,syrian wor%ip runs ?us3--       ,praise
 to ! ,holy ,spiritual ,w9d1 :i* is !   
,holy ,gho/2      ,praise to ! ?ree     
p]sons :i* are "o true ,god4  ,"s writ]s
 ma9ta9 t ! ,hebrew ,ruk ,aliem4        
translat$ ,_s ( ,god 7,g54 i4 #b7 9 our 
v]sion1 %\ld read1 ,w9d ( ! ,gods4 ,& we
 f9d t ! ^w pneuma ( our ,greek ,new    
,te/am5t1 is sometimes translat$ ,gho/ &
 sometimes ,w9d1 z be/ suit$ ! fancy ( !
 translators4 ,9 ,john iii4 #e1 we f9d !
 ^w ,_s1 & 9 v]se eight bo? ,w9d & ,_s  
are f\nd2 & 9 ,luke i4 #ce1 we obs]ve ! 

t]m ,holy ,gho/--all translat$ f ! same 
^w4 ,let x be specially not$ t 9 !      
,greek ,te/am5t ! ^w pneuma is us$ 9 all
 ^! cases1 ?us prov+ t ,_s1 ,holy ,gho/ 
& ,w9d are us$ 9 ! ,*ri/ian ,scriptures 
z synonym\s t]ms2 & prov+1 also1 t an   
unw>rant$ lic5se has be5 assum$ by      
translators 9 r5d]+ ! same ^w ?ree      
diff]5t ways4 ,m4 ,auv>(f1 9 8 ,essays  
on ! ,eleus9ian ,my/]ies1 speaks ( !    
tor* be+ ignit$ at ! comm& ( ,h]mes (   
,egypt1 ! spiritual ag5t 9 ! work%op (  
creation1 relative to :i* /atem5t a     
writ] rem>ks1 ,h]mes appe>s 9 ?is       
in/ance z a p]sonification ( ,w9d or    
,_s1 z 9 ! bible 7mean+ ! ,*ri/ian      
bible71 ,god1 ,w9d & ,_s are (t5        
int]*angeable t]ms1 & ! ,^w appe>s to be
 f ! same w9dy s\rce4  #e4 ,! ,holy     
,gho/ z a tongue ( fire1 :i* sat ^u ea* 
( !m 7! apo/les74 7,see ,acts4 ii4 #c47 
,ev5 ?is conception is an ori5talism4   
,mr4 ,higg9s tells u t ,budha1 an       
inc>nate ,god ( ! ,h9doos 7?ree ?\s&    
ye>s ago71 is (t5 se5 ) a glory or      

tongue ( fire ^u 8 head4 ,& ! tradition 
( ! visible manife/ation ( ! ,holy ,gho/
 by fire 0 preval5t among ! anci5t      
,budhi/s1 ,celts1 ,druids & ,etrurians4 
,9 fact1 z our au?or truly rem>ks1 ,!   
,holy ,gho/1 or ,holy ,_s1 :5 visible1 0
 always 9 ! =m ( fire 7or a bird71 & 0  
always accompani$ ) wisdom & p[]4 ,h5ce1
 is disclos$ ! orig9 ( ! anci5t cu/om   
among/ ! ,h9doos1 ,p]sians & ,*aldeans1 
( mak+ (f]+s to ! sol> fire1 emblem ( ! 
,holy ,gho/ or ,holy ,_s4  #f4          
,inspiration by ! ,holy ,gho/ 7,luke ii4
 #bf47 ,holy m5 ( ,god1 includ+ "s ( !  
prophets1 are claim$ to h be5 inspir$ by
 ! ,holy ,gho/ 7,see #b ,pet] i4 #ba2   
,acts xxviii4 #be47 ,9 l mann]1 z we are
 in=m$ by ,mr4 ,clel& 9 8 ,specim5s 7see
 ,app5dix71 ! anci5t ,celts 7 n only    
mov$ by ! ,holy ,gho/ 9 _! div9e decrees
 & prophetic utt]ances1 b !y claim$ t _!
 ,salic laws 7sev5ty-two 9 numb]7 7     
inspir$ by ! ,salo ,gho/ 7,holy ,gho/71 
kn[n also z ! ,wisdom ( ! ,_s1 or !     
,voice ( ! ,_s4 ,?is au?or sev]al times 

alludes to ! fact1 & exhibits ! pro(1 t 
! doctr9e ( ! ,holy ,gho/ 0 kn[n to ?is 
anci5t p4  #g4 ,! ,holy ,gho/ imp>t$ by 
! lay+ on ( h&s4 ,?is1 too1 is an anci5t
 ori5tal cu/om4 ,& by ! imposition ( h&s
 on ! head ( ! c&idate1 says ,mr4       
,clel&1 speak+ ( ! ,celts1 ! ,holy      
,gho/1 or ,holy ,_s1 0 convey$4 ,& ?us 0
 ! ,holy ,_s1 ,gho/1 ,gas1 ,w9d1        
,electrical ,fire or ,_s ( ,au?ority    
imp>t$ to ! hi]ophant or gospel         
novitiate4 ,& _! public assemblies1     
cont9ues our au?or1 7 always op5$ by an 
invocation to ! ,holy ,gho/4  #h4       
,baptism by or into ! ,holy ,gho/       
accompani$ ) fire4 7,matt4 iii4 #aa47   
,?is rite1 too1 is traceable to a v     
anci5t p]iod1 & 0 practic$ by sev]al ( !
 old symbolical & my?ological sy/ems4 ,!
 ,tuscans1 or ,etrurians1 baptiz$ )     
fire1 w9d 7gho/7 & wat]4 ,baptism into !
 fir/ memb] ( ! ,tr9ity 7! ,fa!r7 0 )   
fire2 baptism into ! second memb] ( !   
,tr9ity 7! ,^w7 0 ) wat]2 :ile baptism  
into ! ?ird memb] ( ! ,tr9ity 7! ,holy  

,gho/1 or ,holy ,_s7 consi/$ ( !        
initiatory spiritual or symbolical      
application ( gas1 gu/1 gho/1 w9d1 or   
_s4 ,x appe>s f ,h]b]t's ,travels1 t1 9 
anci5t c\ntries1 ! *ild 0 tak5 to !     
prie/1 :o nam$ him 7*ri/5$ him7 be=e !  
sacr$ fire aft] :i* c]emony he 0 spr9kl$
 ) holy wat] f a vessel made ( ! sacr$  
tree kn[n z ,! ,holme4  #i4 ,! ,holy    
,gho/ imp>t$ by brea?+4 7,see ,john xx4 
#bb74 ,sometimes1 says ,mr4 ,higg9s1    
relative to ?is cu/om among ! anci5t    
hea!n1 ! prie/ blew 8 brea? ^u ! *ild1  
:i* 0 !n consid]$ baptiz$ by air1       
spiritus sanctus1 or gho/--i4 e41       
baptism by ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,9 case (     
baptism1 a portion ( ! ,holy ,gho/ 0    
suppos$ to be transf]r$ f ! prie/ to !  
c&idate4 ,! practice ( brea?+ 9 or ^u1  
says our au?or1 0 q common among !      
anci5t hea!n4  #aj4 ,! ,holy ,gho/ z !  
ag5t 9 div9e conception1 or !           
procreation ( o!r ,gods4 ,jesus is said 
to h be5 conceiv$ by ! ,holy ,gho/ 7see 
,matt4 i4 #ah71 & we f9d simil> claims  

in/itut$ /ill m anci5tly = o!r inc>nate 
demigods4 ,9 ! ,mexican ,tr9ity1 ,y1    
,zona 0 ! fa!r1 ,bacal ! ,^w1 & ,eckvah 
! ,holy ,gho/1 by ! la/ ( :om ,*imalman 
conceiv$ & br\ght =? ! enfle%$ ,god     
,quexalcote4 7,see ,mex4 ,ant41 vol4 vi4
 p4 #afej47 ,9 ! ,h9doo my?os1 ,sakia 0 
conceiv$ by ! ,holy ,gho/ ,n>a-an4  ,o!r
 cases might be cit$1 prov+ ! same po9t4
  ,?us1 we obs]ve t ! v>i\s het]og5e\s  
conceptions1 discordant traditions1 &   
contradictory sup]/itions app]ta9+ to t 
anomal\s nondescript be+ kn[n z ! ,holy 
,gho/1 are traceable to v>i\s ori5tal   
c\ntries1 & to a v remote antiquity4    
,we w only occupy space ) "o or two m   
hi/orical citations ( a g5]al nature1   
t5d+ to prove ! preval5ce ( ?is gho/ly  
my? 9 o!r c\ntries1 n yet cit$4 ,tell   
me1 ,o ?\ /rong 9 fire6 ejaculat$       
,seso/ris ( ,egypt1 to ! oracle1 z      
report$ by ,mane?o1 :o be=e me c\ld     
subjugate all ?+s1 & :o %all aft] me8 ,b
 ! oracle rebuk$ him1 say+1 ,fir/ ,god1 
!n ! ,^w1 & ) !m ! ,_s4 7,see ,nimrod1  

vol4 i4 p4 #aai47 ,& ,plut>*1 9 8 ',life
 ( ,numa1' says our (t-quot$ au?or1 %[s 
t ! inc>nation ( ! ,holy ,_s 0 kn[n bo? 
to ! anci5t ,romans & ,egyptians4  ,!   
doctr9e is ?us %[n to h be5 ne>ly       
univ]sal4   ,,orig9 ,,( ,,! ,,holy      
,,gho/ ,,sup]/ition4  ,! orig9 ( !      
tradition respect+ ?is fabul\s & my?ical
 be+ is easily trac$ to ! anci5t        
,brahm9ical trifold conception ( !      
,deity1 9 :i* /&s1 9 ,tr9ity ord]1 fir/1
 ! ,god ( p[] or might--,brahma or      
,brahm 7! ,fa!r72 second1 ! ,god (      
creation--! ,^w--answ]+ to ,john's      
creative ,^w 7see ,john i4 #c72 & ?ird1 
! ,god ( g5]ation & reg5]ation--! ,holy 
,_s or ,holy ,gho/4 ,! la/ memb] ( !    
triune conception ( ! ,deity 0 consid]$1
 "u ! ,brahm9ical !ocracy1 ! liv+1      
vital1 active1 life-imp>t+ ag5t 9 bo? ! 
fir/ & second bir?s ( m5 & ! gods4  ,x w
 be borne 9 m9d by ! read] t ! ,holy    
,gho/ is repres5t$ 9 ! ,*ri/ian         
,scripture z be+ ! active g5]at+ ag5t ( 
,*ri/'s conception1 he be+1 z ,mat!w    

decl>es1 conceiv$ by ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,!  
,holy ,gho/ 0 also ! reg5]at+ ag5t at 8 
baptism4 ,al?\gh ! specific object ( !  
desc5t ( ! ,holy ,gho/ on t occasion is 
n /at$ by ,luke1 :o relates x2 al?\gh x 
is n /at$ = :at purpose ! ,holy ,_s1    
aft] assum+ ! =m ( a bird1 alight$ & sat
 ^u 8 head1 yet ! motive is fully       
disclos$ 9 ! old] my?ical religions1 :]e
 we f9d ! matt] 9 full] detail4         
,baptism itself is claim$ by all its    
,*ri/ian vot>ies z reg5]at+ or imp>t+ a 
new spiritual life2 & ?is new spiritual 
life 0 believ$ by sev]al nations1 z be=e
 /at$1 to make its appe>ance 9 ! "* &   
%ape ( a bird--sometimes a pigeon1      
sometimes a dove2 & ?us ! orig9 ( ?is   
tradition is mo/ cle>ly & unmi/akably   
expos$4  ,z ! =ego+ hi/orical exposition
 exhibits ! ,holy ,gho/ z p]=m+ sev]al  
di/9ct & discordant (fices1 s we        
likewise f9d x possess+ at lea/ two     
di/9ct g5d]s1 ! mascul9e & neut]1 i4 e41
 no g5d]--*ang+1 gho/-l1 f "o to ! o!r1 
z occasion seem$ to require4  ,f all ^! 

metamorphoses x is %[n & demon/rat$ t ! 
sexual & o!r *anges ( ?is my/]i\s be+   
equal _m ( ! demigods ( my?ology4 ,!    
prim>y w9dy conception ( ! ,holy ,gho/  
is traceable to t e>ly p]iod ( society  
:5 ! rude & untutor$ d5iz5s ( ! e>?1 9  
_! pr(\nd ignorance ( natural causes1 7 
v easily & naturally l$ into ! belief t 
:]ev] !re 0 motion !re 0 a ,god1 or !   
active manife/ation ( a ,god1 :e!r x 0 9
 ! w9d1 brea?1 wat]1 fire1 or ! sun4    
,h5ce1 ! ,buddhi/s _h _! god ,vasus :o  
manife/$ himself v>i\sly 9 ! %ape or "* 
( fire1 w9d1 /orms1 gas1 gho/s1 gu/s1 & 
! brea?1 ?us con/itut+ a v ne>ly-alli$  
c\nt]p>t to ! ,*ri/ian ,holy ,gho/1 :i* 
,mr4 ,p>khur/ tells u orig9ally meant   
air 9 motion4 ,?is god 0 believ$ to h   
sprung f ! supreme1 primordial ,god1 :i*
 ! anci5t ,brahm9s & ,buddhi/s g5]ally  
believ$ 0 con/itut$ ( a f9e1 spiritual  
sub/ance1--aura1 anima1 w9d1 e!r1 igne\s
 fluid1 or electrical fire1 i4 e41 fire 
f ! sun1 giv+ rise to baptism by fire & 
h5ce1 ! ?ird ,god1 or ?ird memb] ( !    

,tr9ity1 subsequ5tly aris+ out ( ?is    
comp\nd be+1 0 also necess>ily compos$ (
 or consi/$ ( ! same prop]ties--all (   
:i* 7 believ$ to be correlat$1 if n     
id5tical4  ,su* is a complete1 ?\gh     
brief1 hi/orical elucidation ( t        
my/]i\s1 imag9>y be+ s corporally       
intangible t ,fau/us1 ( ! ?ird c5tury1  
decl>$ respect+ x1 ,! ,holy ,_s1 ! ?ird 
maje/y1 has ! air = 8 resid5ce4 ,& x is 
a fabul\s ,god ^: scriptural biography  
is inve/$ ) s _m ludicr\s & ab/ruse     
incid5ts z to incite sev]al hundr$      
,*ri/ian writ]s to labor h>d ) a godly  
zeal1 by a recon/ruction ( ,god's ,^w & 
a rehabilim5t ( ! gho/ly texts1 to      
effect "s k9d ( a reconciliation ( !    
/ory ) reason & common s5se--) :at      
success ! read] is left to judge4   ,,! 
,,unp>donable ,,s9 ,,aga9/ ,,! ,,holy   
,,gho/4  ,be=e dismiss+ our gho/ly      
n>rative1 x may effect some?+ 9 ! way ( 
mitigat+ ! anxi\s fe>s ( "s ( our       
,*ri/ian bro!rs & si/]s to expla9 !     
nature ( ! s9 aga9/ ! ,holy ,gho/1 &    

assign ! reason = its be+ unp>donable4  
,! s9 aga9/ ! ,holy ,gho/ consi/$1      
accord+ to ! anci5t ,mexican traditions1
 9 resi/+ its op]ations 9 ! second      
bir?--t is1 ! reg5]ation ( ! he>t or s\l
 by ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,& z ! rectification 
( ! he>t or s\l 0 a prom95t idea )      
,*ri/1 !re is sc>cely any gr\nd to d\bt 
b t ?is 0 ! notion he *]i%$ ( ! nature (
 ! s9 aga9/ ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,& x 0       
consid]$ unp>donable1 simply because z !
 p>don+ & cleans+ process consi/$ 91 or 
0 at lea/ always accompani$ ) baptism by
 wat]1 9 :i* op]ation ! ,holy ,gho/ 0 ! 
ag5t 9 effect+ a new bir?1 !re=e1 :5 !  
m9i/rations or op]ations ( ?is          
indisp5sable ag5t 7 resi/$ or reject$1  
!re 0 no *annel1 no means1 no possible  
mode left = ! s9n] to f9d a r5ew$       
acceptance ) ,god4 ,:5 a p]son s9n$     
aga9/ ! ,fa!r or ! ,^w 7! ,son71 he c\ld
 f9d a door ( =giv5ess ?r\gh ! baptiz+  
processes spiritual or elem5t>y1 ( !    
,holy ,gho/4 ,b an (f5se committ$ aga9/ 
?is ?ird limb ( ! ,godhead _h ! effect  

to close & b> ! door s t !re c\ld be no 
=giv5ess1 ei!r 9 ?is life or t :i* is to
 come4 ,to s9 aga9/ ! ,holy ,gho/ 0 to  
te> d[n ! scaffold by :i* ! door ( heav5
 0 to be rea*$4  ,& ?us x is expla9$ !  
great my/]y ( godl9ess1 ! unp>donable s9
 aga9/ ! ,holy ,gho/1 :i*1 on acc\nt ( !
 frightful p5alty annex$ to x1 :ile x is
 impossible to le>n :at x consi/s 9--x  
be+ undef9$ & undef9able--has caus$     
?\s&s1 & probably millions1 ( !         
disciples ( ! ,*ri/ian fai? ! mo/       
agoniz+ h\rs ( al>m & despair4          
,,*apt] ,,xxiii4 ,,! ,,div9e ,,^w ,,(   
,,ori5tal ,,orig94  ,! ,^w z ,creator1 z
 ,second ,p]son ( ! ,tr9ity1 & its      
,pre-,exi/5ce4   ,,! ,,^w ,,( ,,ori5tal 
,,orig94  ,9 ! beg9n+ 0 ! ,^w1 & ! ,^w 0
 ) ,god1 & ! ,^w 0 ,god4 7,john i4 i47  
,! doctr9e ( ! div9e creative ^w 7f !   
,greek ,logos7 appe>s to h be5 coeval 9 
its orig9 ) t ( ! ,tr9ity1 if n         
insep>ably connect$ ) x1 z x con/itutes 
! second memb] ( ! ,tr9ity ( ,fa!r1 ,^w1
 & ,holy ,gho/ 9 mo/ ( ! anci5t sy/ems (

 religion4 ,works on hea!n my?ology %[ t
 x 0 anci5tly a v preval5t cu/om to     
p]sonify ideas1 ?\ghts & words into     
angels & ,gods4 ,words 7 fir/ p]sonat$1 
& trans=m$ into m51 !n into angels1 &   
f9ally into ,gods4  ,& "h is =e%ad[$ !  
orig9 ( ,john's p]sonification ( ! ,^w  
made fle%4 ,x 0 simply ! ^w ( ! supreme 
,god z x escap$ f 8 m\?1 assum+ ! =m &  
*>act]i/ics ( a div9e be+ l himself1 &  
tak+ position z a second>y ,god & second
 memb] ( ! ,tr9ity4 ,?is 0 ! ori5t      
conception1 & x appe>s to h be5 ,john's4
 ,he evid5tly _h no ?\ght ( ,*ri/       
exp]i5c+ human bir?1 at fir/1 or be+    
born ( a woman1 b believ$1 l "s ( !     
ori5tali/s1 t he came out ( ! m\? ( !   
,fa!r1 & 0 ?us made fle%4 7,john i4 #b47
 ,n a ^w ( ,*ri/ be+ born is f\nd 9     
,john's ,gospel1 till aft] 8 exi/5ce z !
 ,^w is spok5 (4 7,see fir/ note 9 back 
( book47   ,,! ,,^w ,,z ,,creator4      
,john also repres5ts ! ,^w z hav+ be5 ! 
,creator4 ,all ?+s 7 made by him4 7,john
 i4 #c47 ,& ,pet] decl>es1 ,by ! ^w (   

,god ! heav5s 7 ( old4 7#b iii4 #e47    
,n[1 let x be obs]v$ "h1 z a notable    
circum/ance1 t ! ,*9ese bible1 mu* old] 
?an ! ,*ri/ian's ,new ,te/am5t1 likewise
 decl>es1 ,god pron\nc$ ! primeval ,^w1 
& 8 own et]nal & glori\s abode sprang   
into exi/5ce4 ,mr4 ,guizot1 9 a note on 
,gibbon's "w1 says1 ,accord+ to !       
,z5d-,ave/a 7! ,p]sian bible1 m ?an ?ree
 ?\s& ye>s old71 x is by ! ,^w1 m anci5t
 ?an ! _w1 t ,ormuzd creat$ ! univ]se4  
,9 l mann] ! sacr$ writ+s ( ! anci5t    
,?ibetans speak ( ! ,^w :i* produc$ !   
_w--an exact c\nt]p>t to ,john's        
decl>ation1 ,all ?+s 7 made by him4 ,& !
 anci5t ,greek writ] ,amelias1 speak+ ( 
! ,god ,m]cury1 says1 ,& ?is pla9ly 0 ! 
,logos 7! ,^w71 by :om all ?+s 7 made1  
he be+ himself et]nal1 z ,h]aclitus w\ld
 say14444 ,he assum$ to be ) ,god1 & to 
be ,god1 & 9 him ev]y?+ t 0 made1 has   
its life & be+1 :o1 desc5d+ into body1 &
 putt+ on fle%1 took ! appe>ance ( a    
man1 ?\gh /ill reta9+ ! maje/y ( 8      
nature4 ,"h is ! ,^w made fle% set =? 9 

mo/ explicit t]ms4 ,! ,psalmi/ exclaims1
 ,by ! ,^w ( ,god 7 ! heav5s made1 & all
 ! ho/ ( !m by ! ,brea? ( 8 m\?4 7,ps4  
xxxiii4 #f47 ,"h is disclos$ n only !   
conception ( ! ,^w z ,creator1 b also ! 
,^w & ! ,brea? z synonym\s t]ms1 bo? (  
:i* conceptions ori5tal hi/ory amply    
proves to be ( hea!n d]ivation4  ,x 0   
anci5tly believ$ t ! ,^w & ,brea? ( ,god
 7 ! same1 & possess$ a vitaliz+ p[]1   
:i*1 z !y issu$ f 8 m\?1 might be       
trans=m$ into ano!r be+ kn[n z a        
second>y ,god4 ,bo? ! ,jews & !         
,*ri/ians seem to h inh]it$ ?is belief1 
z ev9c$ by ! =ego+ quotations f _!      
bible4 ,! mo/ anci5t tradition taught t 
! ,^w emanat$ f ! m\? ( ! pr9cipal ,god1
 & became fle%1 t is1 took =m1 z !      
anci5t ,brahm9s express$ x1 = ! special 
purpose ( s]v+ z ag5t 9 ! "w ( creation1
 t is1 to become ! creator ( ! ext]nal  
univ]se4 ,/4 ,john evid5tly borr[$ ?is  
idea4 ,read 8 fir/ *apt]4               
,,pre-,,exi/5ce ,,( ,,! ,,^w4  ,!       
pre-exi/5ce or previ\s exi/5ce ( ! ,^w1 

antec$5t to ! date ( its metamorphosis  
into ! human =m1 we f9d taught 9 sev]al 
( ! anci5t sy/ems ( religion1 z well z !
 m mod]n ,*ri/ian sy/em4 ,sev]al texts 9
 ! ,*ri/ian ,new ,te/am5t set =? !      
doctr9e q explicitly4 ,*ri/1 z ! ,div9e 
,^w1 decl>$1 ,be=e ,abraham 0 ,i am1 & t
 he _h an exi/5ce ) ! ,fa!r be=e !      
f\ndation ( ! _w1 etc41 :i* is a di/9ct 
av[al ( ! doctr9e ( pre-exi/5ce4  ,b    
ori5tal hi/ory proves ! doctr9e is mu*  
old] ?an ,*ri/ianity4  ,! ,h9doo v      
anci5tly taught t ! ,^w _h exi/$ ) ,god 
f all et]nity1 & :5 spok5 x became a    
glori\s =m1 ! aggregate embodim5t ( all 
! div9e ideas1 & p]=m$ ! "w ( creation4 
,& ( ,*ri%na1 x is affirm$ t :ile ^u !  
e>? he exi/$ also 9 heav54 7,see        
,baghavat ,gita47  ,9 l mann] x is      
decl>$ ( an ,egyptian ,god1 t ?\gh he 0 
born into ! _w1 he exi/$ ) 8 fa!r ,god  
be=e ! _w 0 made4 ,& p>allel to ?is is !
 /atem5t ( ! ,*9ese bible1 t ?\gh !     
,holy ,^w 7,*ang-si7 w be born ^u ! e>?1
 yet he exi/$ be=e any?+ 0 made4 ,ev5 = 

,py?agoras x 0 claim$ he exi/$ 9 heav5  
be=e he 0 born ^u ! e>?4 ,mr4 ,higg9s1 9
 summ+ up ! matt]1 decl>es1 ,all ! old  
religions believ$ ! _w 0 creat$ by !    
,^w1 & t ?is ,^w exi/$ be=e creation    
7,ana41 vol4 ii4 p4 #gg71 :i* cle>ly    
indicates ! s\rce ( ,/ ,john's creative 
,^w4   ,,! ,,dual ,,or ,,two-,,fold ,,"n
 ,,( ,,! ,,^w4  ,9 mo/ cases ! liv+     
,div9e ,^w 0 kn[n by diff]5t names &    
titles1 prior to ! era ( its assum+ !   
mortal =m1 f t by :i* x 0 kn[n aft] its 
fle%ly inve/m5t4  ,among ! anci5t       
,p]sians1 ! "n = ! div9e spiritual ,^w 0
 ,honov]4 ,aft] its human bir?1 x 0     
call$ ,mi?ra ! ,m$iator4 ,! ,h9doo      
ori5tal t]m = ! primeval ,^w 0 ,om1 or  
,aum4 ,aft] assum+ its mo/ important    
inc>nate =m1 x 0 kn[n z ,*ri%na4 ,!     
,*9ese ,holy ,int]ior ,^w 0 ,om-i-to1 & 
its pr9cipal inc>nation 0 ,*ang-ti or   
,ti-en-ti4 ,! ,japanese also proclaim$  
_! belief 9 a ,div9e ,^w be=e ! ,*ri/ian
 era1 :i*1 9 _! language1 0 ,am9a4 ,!y  
taught1 l ,john1 t x came =? f ! m\? ( !

 ,supreme ,god 7,brahm7 to p]=m ! "w (  
creation1 aft] :i*1 x 0 kn[n z ,sakia4  
,& t popul> ,*ri/ian writ]1 ,mr4        
,milman1 in=ms u t ! ,jewi% f\nd]s (    
,*ri/ianity believ$ 9 an orig9al ,div9e 
,^w1 :i* !y call ,memra4 ,:5 x desc5d$  
to ! e>?1 & became fle%1 & dwelt among/ 
u 7,john i4 #d47 accord+ to ! evangeli/ 
,john1 x 0 kn[n z ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,mr4    
,milman /ates also1 t ! appellation to !
 ,^w is f\nd 9 ! ,indian 7,h9doo71      
,p]sian1 ! ,platonic1 & ! ,alex&rian    
sy/ems4 7,hi/1 ( ,*r41 ,book ,i41 ,*ap4 
#b47  ,?us1 ! "q is settl$ by ,*ri/ian  
te/imony--t ! v>i\s conceptions ( !     
,div9e ,^w are ( hea!n orig94   ,,! ,,^w
 ,,z ,a ,,second ,,memb] ,,( ,,!        
,,tr9ity4  ,!re are ?ree t be> record 9 
heav51 ! ,fa!r1 ! ,^w1 & ! ,holy ,gho/4 
7#a ,john v4 #g47 ,obs]ve1 ! ,^w is !   
second p]son 9 ! ,tr9ity4 ,& ?is 0 its  
po/ 9 ! ,brahman1 ,h9doo1 ,p]sian1 & o!r
 sy/ems4 ,all religions1 says a writ]1  
:i* taught ! exi/5ce ( ! ,^w z a great  
primeval _s1 repres5t him z second>y to 

! supreme4 7,p4 ,r4 #c1 vol4 ii4 p4     
#ccf47 ,! ,h9doos rev]5c$ x next to     
,brahm4 ,mr4 ,higg9s cuts ! matt] %ort  
by decl>+ ,! ,logos1 or ,^w1 0 ! second 
p]son ( ! ,tr9ity 9 all ! anci5t sy/ems1
 z 9 ! ,*ri/ian sy/em1 :i* aga9         
indicates its hea!n orig94   ,,! ,,^w   
,,z ,a ,,biblical ,,title4  ,! ,^w1 !   
,holy ,^w1 ! ,div9e ,^w1 etc41 are t]ms 
n[ frequ5tly appli$ to ! ,*ri/ian bible1
 )\t any suspicion ( _! hea!n orig94 ,! 
,z5d-,ave/a1 ! ,p]sian bible1 0 always  
call$ ,! ,liv+ ,^w ( ,god1 = t is !     
mean+ ( ! t]m ,z5d-,ave/a1 & ! olde/    
bible 9 ! _w is ! ,v$as1 & x means bo?  
,^w & ,wisdom4 ,om1 ! ,egyptian's ,holy 
,^w1 !y frequ5tly appli$ bo? to _!      
inc>nate ,gods & to _! sacr$ writ+s4  ,!
 practice ( call+ bibles ,! ,^w ( ,god  
orig9at$ f ! belief t1 :5 ! inc>nate ,^w
 left ! e>? & return$ to heav51 he      
infus$ a portion ( 8 liv+ spirits into !
 div9e writ+s :i* conta9$ 8 hi/ory & 8  
doctr9es1 & :i* he himself _h prompt$ 8 
disciples to write z 8 ,la/ ,revelation 

to man4 ,!y !n mu/ conta9 a portion (   
him1 i4 e41 a portion ( ! ,holy         
,^w--h5ce1 bo? 7 call$ ,! ,holy ,^w4  ,&
 ?is hea!n cu/om ,*ri/ians borr[$4      
,,orig9 ,,( ,,! ,,^w ,,z ,,creator4  ,! 
motive :i* prompt$ a belief 9 ! creative
 ,^w may be /yl$ a !ological necessity4 
,x 0 believ$ t ! pr9cipal ,god1 l !     
rul]s ( e>?1 0 too ari/ocratic to labor 
) 8 own h&s4 ,h5ce1 ano!r ,god 0        
orig9at$ to p]=m ! "w ( creation1 &     
call$ ,! ,^w4  ,! orig9 ( ! creative ,^w
 is /ill fur!r indicat$ by ,blackwood's 
,magaz9e4  ,x says3--  ,creation became 
impossible to a be+ already inf9ite1 & 0
 a d]ogation to a be+ already p]fect4   
,"s l[] ,god1 "s ,avat>1 mu/ be int]pos$
 7z an emanation f ! m\? ( ! ,god       
supreme7 to p]=m ! subord9ate task (    
creation4 ,h5ce1 orig9at$ & came =? !   
,^w z ,creator4     ,,*apt] ,,xxiv4 ,,! 
,,tr9ity ,,v ,,anci5tly ,a ,,curr5t     
,,hea!n ,,doctr9e  ,,!re are ?ree t be> 
record 9 heav51 ! ,fa!r1 ! ,^w1 & !     
,holy ,gho/1 & ^! ?ree are "o4 7i ,john 

v4 #g47 ,?is text1 :i* evid5tly         
discloses a belief 9 ! exi/5ce ( ?ree   
sep>ate & di/9ct be+s 9 ! ,godhead1 sets
 =? a doctr9e :i* 0 anci5tly ( almo/    
univ]sal preval5ce4 ,ne>ly e nation1    
:e!r ori5tal or occid5tal1 ^: religi\s  
fai? has be5 commemorat$ 9 hi/ory1      
discloses 9 its cre$ a belief 9 !       
trifold nature & triune division ( !    
,deity4 ,/4 ,j]ome te/ifies             
unequivocally1 ,all ! anci5t nations    
believ$ 9 ! ,tr9ity4  ,& a volume (     
facts & figures might be cit$ "h1 if we 
_h space = !m1 9 pro( ( ?is /atem5t ,a  
text f "o ( ! ,h9doo bibles1 7!         
,puranas7 w ev9ce ! antiquity &         
preval5ce ( ?is belief 9 a nation ( "o  
hundr$ & fifty millions ( p m ?an two   
?\s& ye>s ago4 ,o y ?ree ,lords6        
ejaculat$ ,att5cion1 "k t ,i recognize  
only "o ,god4 ,in=m me1 !re=e1 :i* ( y  
is ! true div9ity t ,i may address to   
him alone my v[s & adorations4 ,! ?ree  
,gods1 ,brahma1 ,vi%nu1 & ,siva1 becom+ 
manife/ to him1 repli$1 ,le>n1 ,o       

devotee1 t !re is no real di/9ction     
betwe5 u4 ,:at to y appe>s su* is only  
by semblance4 ,! s+le be+ appe>s "u ?ree
 =ms by ! acts ( creation1 pres]vation &
 de/ruction b he is "o4  ,n[1 read]1    
note ! rem>k "h1 t ! anci5t ,*ri/ian    
fa!rs almo/ univ]sally & unanim\sly     
proclaim$ ! doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity z "o ( !
 lead+ t5ets ( ! ,*ri/ian fai?1 & z a   
doctr9e d]iv$ directly by revelation f  
heav54 ,b "h we f9d x mo/ explicitly set
 =? by a disciple ( a pagan religion m  
?an ?ree ?\s& ye>s ago1 z ! ,*ri/ian    
mission>y ,d4 ,o4 ,all5 /ates1 t !      
,h9doo bible1 9 :i* x 0 f\nd 0 compil$  
f\rte5 hundr$ ye>s be=e ,*ri/1 & writt5 
at a /ill e>li] p]iod4 ,& we f9d ! same 
doctr9e v explicitly taught 9 ! anci5t  
,brahm91 ,p]sian1 ,*aldean1 ,*9ese1     
,mexican & ,grecian sy/ems --all mu*    
old] ?an ,*ri/ianity4  ,no writ] ev]    
taught or av[$ a belief 9 any t5et (    
religi\s fai? m fully or pla9ly ?an     
,plato sets =?1 ! doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity 9 
8 ,pha$on1 writt5 f\r hundr$ ye>s ,b4   

,c4 ,& 8 t]ms are f\nd to be 9 mo/ /rik+
 con=mity to ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e on ?is  
subject1 z taught 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t     
,plato's fir/ t]m = ! ,tr9ity 0 9       
,greek--#a4 ,to ,aga?on1 ! supreme ,god 
or ,fa!r4 #b4 ,! ,logos1 :i* is ! ,greek
 t]m = ! ,^w4 ,&1 #c4 ,psy*e1 :i* !     
,greek ,lexicon def9es to mean s\l1 _s  
or gho/--( c\rse1 ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,"h we 
h ! ?ree t]ms ( ! ,*ri/ian ,tr9ity1     
,fa!r1 ,^w1 & ,holy ,gho/1 z pla9ly     
taught z language c express x1 ?us mak+ 
,plato's exposition ( ! ,tr9ity &       
def9ition ( its t]ms1 publi%$ f\r hundr$
 ye>s ,b4 ,c41 id5tical 9 mean+ ) ^? (  
,/4 ,john's1 z f\nd 9 8 ,gospel1 &      
conta9$ 9 ! above quot$ text4 ,:]e1 !n1 
is ! f\ndation = ! dogmatic claim on !  
"p ( ! ,*ri/ian pr(essors = ! div9e     
orig9 ( ! ,tr9ity doctr9e8  ,we w "h    
cite ! te/imony ( "s ,*ri/ian writ]s to 
prove t ! ,tr9ity is a pagan-d]iv$      
doctr9e4 ,a ,*ri/ian bi%op1 ,mr4 ,p[ell1
 decl>es1 ,i n only confess b ,i ma9ta91
 su* a similitude ( ,plato's & ,john's  

,tr9ity doctr9es z bespeaks a common    
orig94 7,?irte5? lett] to ,dr4          
,prie/ley47 ,:at is t y say1 bi%op8 ,a  
common orig94 ,!n y conc$e bo? are      
heav5-d]iv$1 or bo? hea!n-d]iv$4 ,if !  
=m]1 !n revelation & hea!nism are       
synonym\s t]ms4 ,if ! latt]1 !n         
,*ri/ianity /&s on a level ) hea!n      
my?ology4 ,:i* horn ( ! dilemma w y     
*oose8 ,/4 ,augu/9e confess$ he f\nd !  
beg9n+ ( ,john's ,gospel 9 ,plato's     
,phdon1 :i* is a concession ( ! :ole    
gr\nd4  ,ano!r writ]1 ,*ataubron1 speaks
 ( an anci5t ,greek inscription on !    
great obelisk at ,rome1 :i* reads--#a4  
,! ,mighty ,god4 #b4 ,! ,begott5 ( ,god 
z ,*ri/ is decl>$ to be ! only begott5 (
 ! ,fa!r 7,john i4 #ad74 ,&1 #c4 ,apollo
 ! ,_s--! ,holy ,_s or ,holy ,gho/--?us 
pres5t+ 9 pla9 language ! ?ree t]ms ( ! 
,tr9ity4 ,& ,mr4 ,cudwor?1 9            
corroboration ( ?is report1 says1 ,!    
,greeks _h a fir/ ,god1 & second ,god1 &
 ?ird ,god1 & ! second 0 begott5 by !   
fir/4 ,& yet = all t1 cont9ues ,mr4     

,cudwor?1 !y consid]$ all ^! "o4  ,9 !  
,platonic or ,grecian ,tr9ity1 ! fir/   
p]son 0 consid]$ ! plann] ( ! "w (      
creation1 ! second p]son ! creator1 & ! 
?ird p]son ! gho/ or _s :i* mov$ ^u !   
face ( ! wat]s1 & infus$ life into !    
mighty deep at creation--! same ,holy   
,gho/ :i* desc5d$ f heav5 to infuse life
 into ! wat]s at ,*ri/'s baptism2 ?us1 !
 resemblance is complete4 ,mr4 ,basnage 
quotes a ,*ri/ian writ] ( ! fif? c5tury 
z decl>+1 ,! ,a!nian sage ,plato        
m>vel\sly anticipat$ "o ( ! mo/         
important & my/]i\s doctr9es ( !        
,*ri/ian religion--mean+ ! ,tr9ity--an  
important concession truly4  ,! olde/ & 
probably ! orig9al =m ( ! ,tr9ity is t  
f\nd 9 ! ,brahm9 & ,h9doo sy/ems--! t]ms
 ( :i* are--i4 ,brahma1 ! ,fa!r or      
supreme ,god4 #b4 ,vi%nu1 ! inc>nate ,^w
 & ,creator4 #c4 ,siva1 ! ,_s ( ,god1 i4
 e41 ! ,holy ,_s or ,gho/--ea* answ]+ to
 correspond+ t]ms ( ! ,*ri/ian ,tr9ity1 
& yet two ?\s& ye>s old]1 accord+ to    
,dr4 ,smi?4  ,we h n all[able space =   

o!r facts & citations 7z ?is "w is      
design$ z a m]e epitome71 al?\gh we h b 
ent]$ ^u ! ?re%old ( ! evid5ce t5d+ to  
prove t ! ,*ri/ian ,tr9ity 0 born (     
hea!n p>5ts1 t x is an (fspr+ ( hea!n   
my?ology1 l o!r doctr9es ( ! ,*ri/ian   
fai?1 claim$ by its disciples z ! gift (
 div9e revelation4  ,"h let x be not$ z 
a curi\s *apt] 9 sacr$ hi/ory t ! num]\s
 div9e ,tr9ities :i* h con/itut$ a "p ( 
ne>ly e religi\s sy/em ev] propagat$ to 
! _w 7 compos$1 9 e case1 ( male ,gods4 
,no female has ev] yet be5 admitt$ into 
! triad ( ,gods compos+ ! or?odox       
,tr9ity4 ,e memb] ( ! ,tr9ity 9 e case  
is a male1 & an old ba*elor--a doctr9e  
mo/ flagrantly at w> ) ! pr9ciples (    
mod]n philosophy4  ,= ?is sci5ce tea*es 
u t ! end[m5t ( a be+ ) ei!r male or    
female organs1 presupposes ! exi/5ce ( !
 o!r sex2 & t ei!r sex1 )\t ! o!r w\ld  
be a ludicr\s anomaly1 & a ludicr\s     
di/ortion ( nature unp>allel$ 9 ! hi/ory
 ( sci5ce4 ,z sexual organs create an   
imp]i\s desire = ! o!r sex1 no male or  

female c\ld long enjoy full happ9ess 9 !
 abs5ce ( ! o!r p>ty4 ,:at an unhappy1  
lonesome place1 !re=e1 ! or?odox heav5  
mu/ h be51 dur+ ! et]nity ( ! pa/1 ) no 
society b old ba*elors6 ,! ,tr9ity 0    
con/itut$ ( males simply because woman  
has always be5 consid]$ a m]e ciph] 9   
society--a m]e tool = man's conv5i5ce1  
an app5dage to 8 wants4 ,h5ce1 in/ead ( 
hav+ a place among ! ,gods %e l$ !      
practical life ( a s]vant & a m5ial1 :i*
 acc\nts = h] exclusion f ! ,tr9ity4 ,b 
! "t is com+ :5 %e w rule bo? heav5 &   
e>? ) ! omnipot5t p[] ( h] love nature4 
,!n we %all h no w> 9 heav51 & no fight+
 on e>?4     ,,*apt] ,,xxv4             
,,absolution1 ,,& ,,! ,,confession ,,(  
,,s9s1 ,,( ,,hea!n ,,orig9  ,,"s        
,*ri/ian writ]s h labor$ to make x appe>
 t ?is is exclusively a ,*ri/ian        
doctr9e1 :ile o!rs h labor$ z h>d to get
 x out ( _! bible1 or make ! p believe t
 x is n !re9 taught4  ,we %all %[1 ^u   
scriptural & hi/orical au?ority1 t bo?  
are wrong4  ,!re c be no "q z to ?is    

rite hav+ exi/$ outside ( ,*ri/ianity1  
or ( its be+ mu* old] ?an ,*ri/ianity4  
,hi/ory proves bo?4 ,nor c x be         
successfully d5i$ t x is taught 9 !     
,*ri/ian ,scriptures1 bo? ! confess+ (  
s9s & t ( =giv+ s9s4 ,! apo/le ,james1 )
 respect to ! =m]1 is q explicit4 ,he   
enjo9s1 emphatically1 ,confess y\r      
faults "o to ano!r4 7,james v4 #af47 ,! 
practice ( =giv+ s9s is also enjo9$4    
,=giv+ "o ano!r is recomm5d$ bo? 9      
,ephesians 7iv4 #cb7 & ,colossians4     
7iii4 #ac74 ,& :atsoev] ye %all lose on 
e>? %all be loos$ 9 heav5 7,mat!w xviii 
#ah71 is int]pret$ z conf]r+ ! p[] to   
=give s9s4  ,& !n we rem>k t ! practices
 bo? ( confess+ & =giv+ s9s are v anci5t
 pagan rites & cu/oms4 ,speak+ ( _!     
preval5ce 9 anci5t ,india1 ! au?or ( !  
,anacalypsis rem>ks1 ,! p]son (f]+      
sacrifices made a v]bal confession ( 8  
s9s1 & receiv$ absolution4 ,auricul>    
confession 0 also practic$ among !      
anci5t ,mi?riacs1 or ,p]sians1 & !      
,p>sees prop] ( ! same c\ntry4 ,mr4     

,volney tells u1 ,!y obs]v$ all !       
,*ri/ian sacram5ts1 ev5 to ! lay+ on (  
h&s 9 ! confirmation4 7#baa47 ,& !      
,*ri/ian ,t]tullian also tells u t ,!   
prie/s ( ,mi?ra promis$ absolution f s9 
on confession & baptism1 :ile ano!r     
au?or adds1 t on su* occasions ,mi?ra   
m>k$ 8 foll[]s 7! s]vants ( ,god7 9 _!  
=eheads1 & t he celebrat$ ! sacrifice ( 
bread1 :i* is ! resurrection4  ,9 !     
collection ( ! ,jewi% laws call$ ,!     
,mi%na1 we are told ! ,jews confess$ _! 
s9s by plac+ _! h&s ^u a calf belong+ to
 ! prie/1 & t ?is 0 call$ ! ,confession 
( ,calves4 7,see ,mi%na1 tom4 ii4 p4    
#cid47 ,confess+ s9s 0 practic$ 9 anci5t
 ,mexico2 also "u ,numa ( ,rome1 ^:     
prie/s1 we are in=m$1 _h to cle> _!     
consci5ces by confess+ _! s9s be=e !y   
c\ld (f] sacrifices4 ,! practice (      
confess+ & =giv+ s9s z recomm5d$ 9 !    
,*ri/ian bible1 & practic$ by "s ( !    
,*ri/ian sects1 has be5 ! s\rce ( mu*   
practical evil by furni%+ a pretext &   
lic5se1 to "s ext5t1 = ! commission (   

crime & s94 ,:ile s9s c be s easily     
oblit]at$ !y w be committ$--p]petrat$   
)\t mu* remorse or re/ra9t4 ,9 ,*9a     
7says ! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,pitrat1 #bcb71 !    
invocation ( ,omito is suffici5t to     
remit ! puni%m5t ( ! greate/ crimes4 ,! 
same au?or tells u1 ,! anci5t initiation
 ( ! pagans _h tribunals ( p5ance1 :]e !
 prie/s1 "u ! "n ( ,roes1 he>d f ! m\? (
 ! s9n]s !mselves ! av[al ( _! s9s ( :i*
 _! s\ls 7 to be purifi$1 & f ! puni%m5t
 ( :i* !y wi%$ to be exempt$4 7,page    
#cg47 ,! grant+ ( absolution = s9 or    
misconduct among ! e>ly primitive       
,*ri/ians 0 s common1 ,/4 ,cyprian in=ms
 u1 t ?\s&s ( reprieves 7 grant$ daily1 
:i* s]v$ z an indirect lic5se to crime4 
,& ?us ! doctr9e ( div9e =giv5ess1 z    
taught by pagans & ,*ri/ians1 has prov$ 
to be demoraliz+ 9 its effects ^u       
society4     ,,*apt] ,,xxvi4 ,,orig9 ,,(
 ,,baptism ,,by ,,wat]1 ,,fire1 ,,blood 
,,& ,,! ,,holy ,,gho/  ,,baptism1 9 "s (
 its v>i\s =ms1 is a v anci5t rite1 & 0 
ext5sively practic$ 9 sev]al ori5tal    

c\ntries4 ,x 0 adm9i/]$ 9 a great       
v>ieties ( =ms1 & ) ! use ( diff]5t     
elem5ts4 ,wat] 0 ! mo/ common1 b fire & 
air1 w9d1 _s gho/ 7 also us$2 & bo? !   
liv+ & ! dead 7 made ! subjects ( its   
solemn & impos+ c]emonies4  ,we w notice
 ea* ( ^! modes ( baptism               
sep>ate--appropriat+ a brief space to   
ea*4  #a4 ,baptism by ,wat]4  ,baptism  
by wat]1 says ,mr4 ,higg9s1 is a v old  
rite1 be+ practis$ by ! foll[]s (       
,zoroa/]1 by ! ,romans1 ! ,egyptians1 & 
o!r nations4 ,x 0 also vogue among !    
anci5t ,h9doos at a /ill e>li] day ,_!  
mode ( adm9i/]+ x 0 to dip ! c&idate =  
imm]sion ?ree times 9 ! wat]y elem5t1 9 
! same mann] z is n[ practic$ by "s ( ! 
,*ri/ian sects dur+ ! p]=mance ( :i* !  
hi]ophant w\ld ejaculate ! foll[+ pray] 
& c]emony3 ,o ,"l ?is man is impure1 l !
 mud ( ?is /ream6 ,b z ?\ cleanse &     
deliv] 8 s\l f s9 z ! wat] cleanses 8   
body4 ,!y believ$ t wat] possesses !    
virtue ( purify+ bo? s\l & body--! latt]
 f fil? & ! =m] f s94 ,! anci5t         

,mexican1 ,p]sians1 ,h9doos & ,jews 7 9 
! habit ( baptiz+ _! infants soon aft]  
!y 7 born4 ,& ! wat] us$ = ?is purpose 0
 call$ ! wat] ( reg5]ation4 ,paul speaks
 ( be+ sav$ by ! wa%+ ( reg5]ation4     
7,see ,titus iii4 #e47 ,^? :o t\*$ ^!   
infants be=e !y 7 baptiz$ 7 deem$       
impure4 ,& z ?is 0 unavoidable on ! "p (
 ! mo!rs1 !y 7 requir$1 z 9 ! cases ( ! 
mo!rs ( ,*ri%na & ,*ri/1 to pres5t      
!mselves on ! eigh? day aft] acc\*em5t  
to ! prie/ 9 ! temple to be purifi$4 ,! 
,romans *ose ! eigh? day = girls & ! n9?
 = boys4 ,! *ild 0 usually nam$ 7*ri/5$7
 at ! "t x 0 baptiz$4 ,& 9 ,india1 ! "n1
 or ,god's "n1 or "s o!r m>k1 0 engrav5 
or writt5 on ! =ehead4 ,?is cu/om is    
sev]al times recogniz$ 9 ! ,*ri/ian     
bible1 bo? 9 ! old & 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t4 
7,see ,ezek4 ix #d2 ,rev4 xiv4 #i2 xix4 
#bj1 etc47 ,john speaks ( a m>k be+ made
 on ! =ehead4 7,see ,rev4 xiii4 #af47   
,also ( ! "n ( ,god be+ writt5 on !     
=ehead4 7,rev4 iii4 #ab47   ,,! ,,dove  
,,desc5d+ ,,at ,,baptism4  ,at ?is /age 

( our inquiry x may be /at$ t sev]al ( !
 anci5t religi\s ord]s _h ! leg5d ( a   
dove or pigeon desc5d+ at baptism--a    
c\nt]p>t to ! evangelical /ory ( ! ,_s (
 ,god desc5d+ 9 bodily %ape l a dove1 & 
alight+ on ! head ( ,jesus ,*ri/ :ile   
be+ baptiz$ by ,john 9 ,jordan4 7,see   
,luke iii4 #bb47 ,x w be obs]v$ "h t !  
_s1 or s\l1 ( ,god desc5d$ n only 9 !   
mann]1 b 9 bodily %ape l a dove4 ,?is   
accords ) ! tradition anci5tly preval5t 
among ! ,h9doos1 ,mexicans1 ,greeks1    
,romans & ,p]sians1 or ,babylonians1 t  
all s\ls1 or spirits1 possess$1 or 7    
capable ( assum+1 ! =m ( a dove4 ,h5ce1 
x is report$ ( ,polyc>p1 ,semiramis1    
,caes> & o!rs1 t at dea? _! s\ls1 or    
spirits1 7 se5 to leave ! body 9 bodily 
%ape l a dove & asc5d to heav54 ,!      
,div9e ,love1 or ,eros1 says ,mr4       
,higg9s1 0 suppos$ by ! ori5tal hea!n to
 desc5d (t5 9 ! =m ( a dove to bless !  
c&idate = baptism4 ,^! traditions1      
d\btless1 gave rise to ! /ory ( ! dove  
desc5d+ at ,*ri/'s baptism--t is ,god 9 

! %ape ( a dove1 = t is cle>ly ! mean+ (
 ! text4 ,we are also in=m$ by our au?or
 j quot$1 t a dove /ood = & repres5t$1  
among ! ori5tali/s1 ! ?ird p]son ( !    
,tr9ity1 z x does 9 ! gospel /ory (     
,*ri/--he be+ ! second memb] ( !        
,*ri/ian ,tr9ity ( ,fa!r1 ,son & ,holy  
,gho/4 ,x 0 consid]$ ! reg5]ator1 or    
reg5]at+ _s1 & p]sons be+ baptiz$ 7 said
 to be born aga9 into ! _s or ! _s into 
!m2 t is1 ! dove into or ^u !m4  ,:at a 
ma/]-key is furni%$ by ^! ori5tal       
religions = solv+ ! my/]ies ( ! ,*ri/ian
 bible6 ,h[ mu* m lucid ?an ,div9e      
,revelation--s-call$6  ,we w quote aga9 
f ,higg9s3 ,among all nations1 f ! v    
e>lie/ p]iod1 wat] has be5 us$ z a      
species ( religi\s sacram5t4 ,because1 z
 x dripp$ f ! cl\ds1 x 0 obs]v$ to h !  
p[] ( reviv+ droop+ nature & creat+     
anew1 or reg5]at+ ! :ole vegetable k+dom
 9 spr+1 x 0 h5ce *os5 z an emblem (    
spiritual reg5]ation & a m$ium (        
baptism4 ,wat] 0 ! elem5t by means ( :i*
 ev]y?+ 0 born aga9 ?r\gh ! ag5cy ( !   

,eros1 ,dove1 or ,div9e ,love4 ,&1 h5ce1
 ! c]emony ( dipp+ or plung+ 7or1 z x is
 mod]nly t]m$1 baptiz+7 came into vogue 
= ! remission ( s9s & ! reg5]ation into 
a new & m holy life4  ,"s /reams 7      
suppos$ to h m efficacy 9 ^! respects   
?an o!rs4 ,h5ce1 ne>ly all religi\s     
nations _h _! ,holy ,riv]s1 ,holy ,wat]1
 ,sacr$ ,pools1 etc4 ,! ,h9doos resort$ 
to ! ,holy ,ganges1 ! ,egyptians to !   
,holy ,nile1 ! ,*aldeans & ,p]sians to !
 ,holy ,euphrates1 ! ,greeks to _! ,holy
 ,lu/ral ,wat]1 ! ,italians to ! riv]   
,po1 & ! ,jews & ,*ri/ians to _! holy   
riv] ,jordan4 ,if ,jordan 0 n call$     
holy1 x 0 und\bt$ly consid]$ s1 else :y 
did ,eli%a ord] ,naaman to wa% sev5     
times 9 t /ream in/ead ( ,damascus1 :i* 
0 mu* ne>] & m accessible8 ,& :y 0 ,*ri/
 baptiz$ 9 ,jordan8 ,& all ! l& (       
,judea1 & !y ( ,j]usalem1 7 baptiz$ 9   
,jordan1 confess+ _! s9s4 7,matt iii4   
vi47 ,:y1 z sev]al /reams 7 h&i] to a   
l>ge portion ( ! c&idates1 simply       
because ,jordan 0 consid]$ to be m holy4

 ,& ,*ri/ians _h _! sacr$ pool (        
,be!sda1 z ! ,h9doos _h _! ,sah>4  ,!   
rite ( baptism 0 at fir/ g5]ally        
practic$ 9 caves--z 7 also o!r religi\s 
rites2 & z ^! caves 7 (t5 difficult (   
access1 & _! m\?s1 doors or gates n>r[ &
 difficult to ent]1 !y fully exemplify  
,*ri/'s decl>ation1 ,/raight is ! gate &
 n>r[ is ! way t leade? unto life4      
7,matt4 vii4 #ad47 ,& :5 he decl>$1     
,except a man be born ( wat] & ( ! _s he
 _c ent] ! k+dom ( heav5 7,john iii4 #e7
 he 0 only second+ ! exhortation ( !    
prie/s to ent] ^! subt]ranean vaults &  
be baptiz$ aft] ! ori5tal & ,jewi%      
cu/om4 ,?us orig9at$ baptism by wat] 9 !
 =m ( dipp+1 or imm]sion4   ,,baptism   
,,by ,,spr9kl+4  ,ow+ to ! sc>city (    
wat] 9 "s c\ntries1 & its entire abs5ce 
9 o!rs1 & ! fatal effects sometimes     
result+ f ! practice ( baptiz+ infants &
 invalids by imm]sion1 a new mode (     
baptism ev5tually sprung up1 n[ kn[n z  
spr9kl+1 9 :i* sometimes wat] &         
sometimes blood 0 us$4 ,virgil1 ,ovid & 

,cic]o all speak ( its preval5ce among/ 
! anci5t ,romans or ,lat9s4 ,we are     
in=m$ t ! anci5t ,jews practic$ x ^u _! 
wom5 :ile 9 a /ate ( nudity1 ! c]emony  
be+ adm9i/]$ by ?ree rabbis1 or prie/s4 
,b ! cu/om f9ally gave way to "o m      
consonant ) decorum4 ,blood1 be+        
consid]$ ! life !re( ( man1 0 deem$ m   
efficaci\s ?an wat]1 & h5ce 0 (t5 us$ 9 
lieu ( t elem5t4 ,! ,greeks kept a holy 
vessel = ?is purpose1 kn[n z ! ,fac9a4  
,! ,romans us$ a bru%1 :i* may n[ be se5
 engrav5 ^u "s ( _! anci5t co9s &       
sculptur$ on _! anci5t temples4 ,!      
,h9doos & ,p]sians us$ a bran* ( laurel 
or "s o!r %rub = spr9kl+ ! rep5tant     
c&idate1 :e!r wat] or blood 0 us$4  ,9  
"s c\ntries ! rite 0 practic$ z a       
talisman aga9/ evil spirits4 ,!         
,mexicans nev] approa*$ _! alt>s )\t    
spr9kl+ !m ) blood drawn f _! own       
bodies1 z ! ,jews spr9kl$ ! walls &     
door-po/s ( _! temples ) blood "u !     
requisition ( ! ,levitical code4 ,?is   
mode ( fanci$ purification by spr9kl+   

ei!r ) wat] or blood we f9d recogniz$1 &
 app>5tly sanction$1 9 ! ,*ri/ian bible1
 bo? 9 ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5ts4 ,ezekiel
 says1 ,i w spr9kle clean wat] on y4    
7,ezek4 xxxvi4 #be47 ,pet] uses !       
phrase1 ,! spr9kl+ ( ! blood ( ,jesus   
,*ri/4 7#a ,pet] i4 #b47 ,& ,paul makes 
use ( ! expression1 ,! blood ( spr9kl+1 
t speake? bett] ?+s ?an t ( ,abel 7,heb4
 xii4 #bd71 :i* we reg>d z an indirect  
sanction ( ! s5seless hea!n idea (      
effect+ spiritual purification by drops 
( blood4 7,see ,pott]'s ,antiquities &  
,h]b]t's ,travels47   ,,baptism ,,by    
,,fire4  ,baptism by fire 0 a =m or mode
 ( application :i* seems to h be5       
introduc$ f ! belief t x 0 productive ( 
a high] degree ( purification4 ,!re 7   
sev]al ways ( us+ fire 9 ! baptismal    
rite4 ,9 "s cases ! c&idate =           
immortality ran ?r\gh blaz+ /reams (    
fire--a cu/om :i* 0 call$ ! baptism (   
fire4 ,m4 de ,humboldt1 9 8 ,views ( !  
,cordill]as & ,monum5ts ( ,am]ica1 in=ms
 u x prevail$ 9 ,india1 ,*aldea &       

,syria1 & ?r\gh\t ea/]n ,asia4 ,x appe>s
 to h be5 gott5 up z a sub/itute =      
sun-wor%ip1 z ?is lum9>y 0 believ$ to be
 con/itut$ ( fire1 ?\gh 9 reality !re   
nev] 0 any su* ?+ z sun or sol> wor%ip4 
,*ri/ian writ]s repres5t ! anci5t       
,p]sians z has hav+ be5 addict$ to sol> 
wor%ip4 ,b ,firdausi1 ,cudwor? & o!r    
au?ors decl>e t nei!r !y nor any o!r    
nation ev] wor%ip$ ! sun1 b m]ely an    
imag9>y ,deity suppos$ to reside 9 !    
sun4 ,hea!n nations h be5 *>g$ ) _m ?+s 
( :i* !y 7 n guilty2 ?\gh x is true t 9 
! _s ( ,*ri/'s exhortation1 ,:osoev]    
lose? 8 life = my sake %all f9d x1 "s ( 
! c&idates = ! fi]y ordeal volunt>ily   
sacrific$ _! lives 9 ! op]ation1 "u !   
p]suasion t x 0 necess>y to purify !    
s\l1 & w\ld enable !m to asc5d to high] 
po/s or planes ( enjoym5t 9 ! cele/ial  
_w4 ,& "s ( !m 7 taught t s9s n         
expurgat$ by fire1 or "s o!r            
efficaci\sly r5ovat+ process 9 ?is life1
 w\ld be puni%$ by fire 9 ! life to     
come4 ,"h we w m5tion t !re is a seem+  

recognition ( ?is anci5t hea!n rite 9   
bo? dep>tm5ts ( ! ,*ri/ian's bible4     
,isaiah says1 ,:5 ?\ walke/ ?r\gh fire  
?\ %alt n be burn$4 7lxiii4 #b47 ,& !   
,bapti/ ,john recognizes ?ree modes (   
baptism3 ,i inde$ baptize y ) wat]1 b he
 t come? aft] me %all baptize y ) fire &
 ! ,holy ,gho/4 7,matt4 iii4 #aa74 ,&   
,paul tea*es ! necessity ( be+ purifi$  
by fire4 7,see i ,cor4 iii4 #ae47 ,s x  
is bo? a hea!n & a ,*ri/ian idea4       
,,baptism ,,by ,,! ,,holy ,,gho/4  ,?is 
fanciful c]emony is bo? a ,*ri/ian & a  
hea!n rite1 & is und\bt$ly ( hea!n      
orig94 ,! mode ( apply+ x 0 to brea!    
into or ^u ! seek] = div9e favors4 ,?is 
0 done by ! prie/1 :o1 x 0 believ$1     
imp>t$ ! ,_s ( ,god by ! process4 ,!    
cu/om1 ,mr4 ,h]b]t in=ms u1 0 anci5tly q
 common 9 ori5tal c\ntries1 & 0 at a    
lat] date borr[$ by ,*ri/ & 8 apo/les & 
incorporat$ into ! ,*ri/ian c]emonies4  
,we f9d t ,*ri/ n only sanction$ x b    
practis$ x1 z x is decl>$ :5 he met 8   
disciples aft] 8 resurrection he brea!d 

on !m1 & sai? unto !m1 ,receive ye !    
,holy ,gho/4 7,john xx4 #bb47  ,& !     
foll[+ language ( ,ezekiel is evid5tly a
 sanction ( ! same hea!n cu/om3 ,?us    
sai? ! ,"l ,god1 ,come f ! f\r w9ds1 ,o 
brea?1 & brea! ^u ^! sla91 t !y may     
live4 7xxxvii4 #i47 ,let x be borne 9   
m9d "h t brea?1 air1 w9d1 _s & gho/ 7   
us$ z synonym\s t]ms1 accord+ to ,mr4   
,p>khur/ 7see ,*ap4 ,,xxii471 & ?is     
brea?+ 0 suppos$ to imp>t spiritual     
life1 be+ no?+ less ?an ! ,_s ( ,god1 ! 
same z t brea!d into ,adam :5 he became 
a liv+ s\l4 7,see ,g54 ii4 #g47 ,= a    
full] exposition see ,*apt] ,,xxii4     
,,baptism ,,( ,,or ,,= ,,! ,,dead4  ,x 0
 cu/om>y among ! ,h9doos & o!r nations  
to po/pone baptism till ne> ! suppos$   
t]m9us ( life1 9 ord] t ! ablution might
 ext+ui% all ! s9s & misde$s ( !        
subject's e>?ly probation4 ,b x         
sometimes happ5$ t m5 & wom5 7 kill$1 or
 di$ unexpect$ly1 be=e ! rite 0         
adm9i/]$4 ,& z x w\ld n d = ^! un=tunate
 s\ls to be depriv$ ( ! b5efit ( ?is    

s\l-sav+ ord9ance1 ! cu/om 0 devis$ (   
baptiz+ ! defunct body1 or m commonly "s
 liv+ p]son 9 its /ead4 ,! me?od (      
execut+ ! latt] exp$i5t1 accord+ to ,/4 
,*ryso/om1 0 to place "s liv+ p]son "u !
 b$ or c\* on :i* ! corpse 0 recl9+1 :5 
! defunct 0 ask$ if he w\ld be baptiz$4 
,! liv+ man1 respond+ = ! dead1 answ]$ 9
 ! affirmative4 ,! corpse 0 !n tak5 &   
dipp$ 9 a vessel prep>$ = ! purpose4    
,?is silly practice 0 9 vogue among !   
e>ly ,*ri/ians1 & ,paul seems to reg>d x
 z an important cu/om4 ,else :at %all !y
 d :i* are baptiz$ = ! dead1 if ! dead  
rise n at all4 7i ,cor4 xv4 #i47  ,!    
inf]5ce d]ivable f ?is text is1 t ,paul 
held t ! labor ( baptiz+ ! dead w\ld be 
lo/ 9 ! ev5t ( ! falsification ( !      
doctr9e ( ! resurrection1 b o!rwise x   
w\ld be valid--:i* ev9ces 8 fai? 9 !    
s5seless & sup]/iti\s practice4 ,x w be 
obs]v$ f ! hi/orical exposition ( ?is   
*apt] t all ! v>i\s anci5t hea!n modes &
 rites ( baptism h be5 practic$ by      
,*ri/ians1 & are sanction$ by _! bible4 

,,*apt] ,,xxvii4 ,,! ,,sacram5t ,,or    
,,eu*>i/ ,,( ,,hea!n ,,orig9  ,,at !    
fea/ ( ! ,passov]1 ,*ri/ is repres5t$1  
:ile di/ribut+ bread to 8 disciples1 to 
h said1 ,take1 eat2 ?is is my body      
7,matt4 xxvi4 #bf72 & :ile h&+ r\nd !   
consecrat$ cup1 he enjo9$1 ,dr9k ye all 
( x1 = ?is is my blood ( ! new cov5ant1 
:i* is %$ = _m = ! remission ( s9s      
7xxvi4 #bg74 ,"h is a v cle> & explicit 
indorsem5t ( :at is g5]ally t]m$ !      
,eu*>i/ or ,sacram5t4 ,& no?+ c be m    
susceptible ( pro( ?an t ?is rite or    
ord9ance is ( pagan orig91 & 0          
practically recogniz$ _m c5turies prior 
to ! dawn ( ! ,*ri/ian era4  ,s we      
obs]ve1 by ! text above quot$1 !        
,*ri/ian ,savior & ,lawgiv] copi$1 or   
reproduc$1 an old pagan rite z a "p ( 8 
pr(ess$ly new & spiritual sy/em1 "o ( ! 
mo/ anci5t & widely-ext5d$ =mulas (     
pag&om4 ,& /rang] /ill1 ! cate*isms ( ! 
,*ri/ian *ur* repres5t ?is ord9ance z   
hav+ orig9at$ 9 ! design & motive to    
keep ! anci5t ,*ri/ian _w 9 remembrance 

( ! dea? & suff]+s & sacrifice ( ,*ri/1 
:ile we f9d x exi/+ long prior to 8 "t1 
bo? among ,jews & pagans1 ?is be+       
virtually admitt$ 9 ! bible itself1 s f>
 z respects ! pagans1 ?us prov+ t x did 
n orig9ate ) ,*ri/1 & !re=e is n (      
,*ri/ian orig94 ,= 9 ,g54 viv4 #ah1 we  
read1 ,& ,mel*is$ek1 k+ ( ,salem1 br\ght
 =? bread & w9e1 & he 0 ! prie/ ( ! ,mo/
 ,high ,god4 ,because ! ,mel*is$ek "h   
spok5 ( is repres5t$ z be+ a prie/ ( !  
,mo/ ,high ,god1 & %[$ s mu* respect to 
,abraham1 x is presum$ & assum$1 by     
,*ri/ian writ]s1 t he 0 a ,jewi% prie/ &
 k+2 & ,mr4 ,fab] 7vol4 i4 p4 #gb7 calls
 him an inc>nation ( ! son ( ,god4 ,b   
!re is no intimation ?r\gh\t ! ,jewi%   
,scriptures ( ! ,jews ev] hav+ _h a k+  
or prie/ by t "n4 ,& besides1 ,eupolemus
 7vol4 i4 p4 #ci71 tells u t ! temple ( 
,mel*is$ek 0 ! temple ( ,jupit]1 9 :i*  
,py?agoras /udi$ philosophy4 ,!n1 aga91 
accord+ to "s writ]s1 ! "n is synonym\s 
) ,molo*1 ! ,god ( w> among ! ,greeks4  
,/range1 !n1 t ,mel*is$ek %\ld be claim$

 z a prie/ & k+ among ! ,jews4 ,be ?is z
 x may1 ! case proves t ! c]emony ( (f]+
 bread & w9e exi/$ long be=e ! era (    
,jesus ,*ri/4  ,& !n we h mu* m & mu*   
/rong] pro( ( ?is fact ?an is "h        
furni%$4 ,! ,*ri/ian ,mr4 ,fab]         
virtually admits x1 :5 he tells u1 ,!   
devil l$ ! hea!n to anticipate ,*ri/ )  
respect to sev]al ?+s1 z ! my/]ies ( !  
,eu*>i/1 etc4 ,& ?is v solemnity 7says  
,/ ,ju/97 ! evil _s introduc$ into !    
my/]ies ( ,mi?ra4 7,reeves1 ,ju/91 p4   
#hf47 ,mr4 ,higg9s obs]ves1 ,x 0        
in/itut$ hundr$s ( ye>s be=e ! ,"l's    
dea? took place4 ,among/ ! anci5t       
religi\s ord]s & nations :o practic$ ?is
 rite1 we may "n ! ,ess5es1 ,p]sians1   
,py?agoreans1 ,gno/ics1 ,brahm9s &      
,mexicans4 ,= pro( ( its exi/5ce &      
antiquity among ! la/-nam$ nation1 we   
ref] ! read] to ! ,travels 7*ap4 ii47 ( 
t ,*ri/ian writ]1 ,fa!r ,aco/a4 ,mr4    
,m>olles1 9 8 ,memoirs 7p4 #bae7 quotes 
,tibullus z say+1 ,! pagan appeas$ !    
div9ity ) holy bread4 ,& ,tibullus1 9 a 

panegyric on ,m>cella1 wrote1 ,a little 
cake1 a little morsel ( bread1 appeas$ !
 div9ities4  ,& "h we discov] ! idea :i*
 orig9at$ ! c]emony4 ,x 0 />t$1 l animal
 sacrifices1 = ! purpose ( appeas+ !    
wra? or propitiat+ ! favor ( ! angry    
,gods4 ,trac+ ! conception /ill fur!r 9 
! re> ( its progress1 & app>5tly to its 
prim>y inception1 ,mr4 ,higg9s obs]ves1 
,! :ole pas*al supp] 7! ,"l's supp] ) ! 
,*ri/ians7 0 9 fact a fe/ival ( joy to  
celebrate ! passage ( ! sun across !    
equ9ox ( spr+4  ,we f9d "o pagan writ]  
:o _h intellig5ce en\gh to ridicule ?is 
s5seless c]emonial cu/om1 call$ !       
sacram5t4 ,cic]o1 "s =ty ye>s be=e      
,*ri/1 %[s up ! doctr9e ( ! sacram5t1 or
 sub/antiation1 9 its true light4 ,he   
asks1 ,h[ c a man be s /upid z to imag9e
 t :i* he eats to be a ,god8 ,a writ]   
quot$ above says1 ,mass1 or ! sacrifice 
( bread & w9e1 0 common to _m anci5t    
nations4 7,anac4 vol4 ii4 p4 #fb47      
,accord+ to ,alnetonae1 ! anci5t        
,brahm9s _h a k9d ( ,eu*>i/ call$       

prajadam4 ,& ! same writ] in=ms u t !   
anci5t ,p]uvians1 aft] sacrific+ a lamb1
 m+l$ 8 blood ) fl\r1 & di/ribut$ x     
among ! p4 ,writ]s on ,grecian my?ology 
relate t ,c]es1 ! goddess ( corn1 gave  
h] fle% to eat1 & t ,bac*us1 ! ,god (   
w9e1 gave blood to dr9k4 ,nor is !re any
 evid5ce t ,*ri/ & 8 foll[]s made a     
bett] use1 or diff]5t use1 or a m       
spiritual application ( ! sacram5t1 or  
c]emonial (f]+ ( bread & w9e1 ?an !     
pagans did1 ?\gh "s h claim$ ?is4 ,x 0 a
 species ( symbolism ) bo?1 not)/&+ ,mr4
 ,glov]1 a ,*ri/ian writ]1 decl>es1 t 9 
! sacram5t ( ! alt> are ! natural body &
 blood ( ,*ri/1 v]ily & inde$4 7,see    
,glov]'s ,rem>ks on ,bi%op ,m>%'s       
,comp5di\s ,review47 ,x may be not$ "h t
 ! ,p]sians1 ,py?agoreans1 ,ess5es &    
,gno/ics us$ wat] in/ead ( w9e1 & t ?is 
mode ( practice 0 less objectionable ?an
 t ( ! ,*ri/ians1 :o 7z sad exp]i5ce    
proves7 h too (t5 laid ! f\ndation = !  
ru9 ( "s poor unsuspect+ devotee1 by    
lur+ him to ! fatal fasc9ation ( !      

intoxicat+ b[l1 by hold+ ! sacr$ &      
c]emonial w9e to 8 lips1 :ile adm9i/]+ !
 sacram5t or ! ,"l's supp]4     ,,*apt] 
,,xxviii4 ,,ano9t+ ,,) ,,oil ,,(        
,,ori5tal ,,orig9  ,,! cu/om & c]emony (
 ano9t+ ) oil by way ( imp>t+ "s fanci$ 
spiritual p[] & religi\s qualification  
seems to h be5 ext5sively practic$ by ! 
,jews & primitive ,*ri/ians1 & /ill m   
anci5tly by v>i\s ori5tal nations4 ,m>k 
7xiv4 #d71 reports ,jesus ,*ri/ z speak+
 comm5d+ly ( ! practice1 by :i* x 0     
evid5t he 0 9 favor ( ! sup]/iti\s      
cu/om4 ,! apo/le ,james n only sanctions
 x1 b recomm5ds x 9 ! mo/ specific      
language4 ,is any sick among y1 let him 
call = ! eld]s ( ! *ur*1 & let !m pray  
ov] him1 ano9t+ him ) oil 9 ! "n ( !    
,"l4 7,james v4 #ad47  ,! practice (    
greas+ or sme>+ ) oil1 x may be not$ "h1
 0 9 vogue f o!r motives besides ! "o "h
 indicat$4 ,we f9d ! /atem5t 9 ! ,new   
,am]ican ,cyclop$ia 7vol4 i4 p4 #fbj71 t
 ano9t+ ) p]fum$ oil 0 9 common use     
among ! ,greeks & ,romans z a m>k (     

hospitality to gue/s4 ,& mod]n travel]s 
9 ! ,ea/ /ill f9d x a cu/om = visitors  
to be spr9kl$ ) rose-wat]1 or _! head1  
face & be>d ano9t$ ) olive oil4 ,ano9t+1
 we are also told1 is an anci5t & /ill  
preval5t cu/om ?r\gh\t ! ,ea/1 by p\r+  
aromatic oils on p]sons z a tok5 (      
honor4444 ,x 0 also employ$ 9 consecrat+
 prie/s1 prophets & k+s1 & ! places &   
in/rum5ts appo9t$ = wor%ip4 7,ibid47    
,jo%ua ano9t$ ! t5 /ones he set up 9    
,jordan1 & ,jacob ! /one on :i* he slept
 at ! "t ( 8 great vision4  ,! e>ly     
,*ri/ians 7 9 ! habit ( ano9t+ ! alt>s1 
& ev5 ! walls1 ( ! *ur*es1 9 ! same     
mann] z ! images1 obelisks1 /atues1     
etc41 _h long be5 consecrat$ by !       
devotees ( ! ori5tal sy/ems4 ,a>on1     
,saul1 ,david1 ,solomon1 & ev5 ,jesus   
,*ri/ 7 ano9t$ ) oil 9 ! same way4      
,david ,malcom1 9 8 ,essay on !         
,antiquity ( ! ,britons1 p4 #add1 says1 
,! ,mexican k+ 0 ano9t$ ) ,holy ,unction
 by ! high prie/ :ile danc+ be=e ! ,"l4 
,vide ! case ( ,david danc+ be=e ! ,"l )

 all 8 might4 ,dr4 ,lightfoot1 9 8      
,h>mony ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 speaks ( !   
cu/om among ! ,jews ( ano9t+ ! sick on !
 ,sabba? day 7see ,works1 vol4 i1 p4    
#ccc2 also ,tol&1 ,sect4 ,naz4 p4 #ed71 
z aft]w>ds recomm5d$ by ! apo/le ,james1
 z %[n above4 ,?is accords exactly ) !  
me?od ( treat+ ! sick 9 anci5t ,india & 
o!r hea!n c\ntries sev]al ?\s& ye>s ago4
 ,= pro( consult ,hyde1 ,bryant1        
,t]tullian & o!r writ]s4 ,! cu/om (     
ano9t+ ! sick1 accompani$ ) pray] & o!r 
c]emonies1 0 q fa%ionable 9 ! ,ea/ long 
be=e ! bir? ( ei!r ,jesus or ,james4 ,"o
 writ] te/ifies t ! practice ( ano9t+ ) 
oil1 s mu* 9 vogue among ! ,jews1 &     
sanction$ by ,*ri/ & 8 foll[]s1 0 held 9
 high e/eem 9 ne>ly all ! ,ea/]n        
religions4  ,! =ego+ hi/orical facts    
furni% /ill fur!r pro( t ,*ri/ianity is 
! (fspr+ ( hea!nism4     ,,*apt] ,,xxix4
 ,,h[ ,,m51 ,,includ+ ,,jesus ,,*ri/1   
,,came ,,to ,,be ,,wor%ip$ ,,z ,,gods   
,,jesus ,,*ri/ ,a ,,demigod1 ,,accord+  
,,to ,,*ri/ian ,,writ]s4  ,,x is truly  

surpris+ to obs]ve ! damag+ concessions 
( "s ( ! e>ly ,*ri/ian writ]s1 ru9\s to 
! dogmas ( _! own fai? ) respect to !   
div9ity ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 plac+ him1 z !y 
d1 on an exact level ) ! hea!n demigods1
 prov+ t ! belief 9 8 div9ity orig9at$ 9
 ! same mann] ! belief 9 !irs did1 by   
:i* x is cle>ly %[n to be a pagan d]iv$ 
doctr9e4 ,sev]al ,*ri/ian writ]s admit !
 belief 9 e>?-born ,gods 7call$ ,sons ( 
,gods71 & _! com+ into ! _w by human    
bir? 0 preval5t among ! hea!n long prior
 to ! "t ( ,*ri/4 ,he> ! pro(4  ,we w   
fir/ quote ,/4 ,ju/9 relative to !      
preval5ce ( ! belief among ! anci5t     
,greeks & ,romans4 ,address+ !m1 he     
says1 ,! title ( ,son ( ,god 7,z appli$ 
to ,jesus ,*ri/7 is v ju/ifiable ^u !   
acc\nt ( 8 wisdom1 consid]+ y h y\r     
,m]cury 9 y\r wor%ip1 "u ! title ( ,^w  
or ,mess5g] ( ,god4 7,reeves ,apol4 p4  
#gf47 ,"h is ! pro( t ! tradition ( !   
,son ( ,god com+ into ! _w1 & ! ,^w     
becom+ fle%1 0 e/abli%$ among/ ! anci5t 
,greeks & ,romans long prior to ! era ( 

,*ri/ianity1 or ! bir? ( ,*ri/4  ,& yet 
m ?an a hundr$ millions ( ,*ri/ian      
pr(essors c n[ be f\nd1 :o1 9 _! hi/oric
 ignorance1 suppose ,/4 ,john 0 ! fir/  
writ] :o taught ! doctr9e ( ! ,^w becom+
 fle%1 & t ,jesus ,*ri/ 0 ! fir/ & only 
begott5 ,son ( ,god :o ev] made 8       
appe>ance on e>?4 ,h[ true x is t       
ignorance is ! "m ( devotion to cre$s4  
,h[ ! man ,*ri/ ,jesus came to be       
wor%ip$ z a ,god1 is pretty cle>ly      
indicat$ by ,bi%op ,horne1 :o %[s t !   
doctr9e ( ! inc>nation 0 ( univ]sal     
preval5ce long be=e ,jesus ,*ri/ came   
into ! fle%4 ,he says1 ,t ,god %\ld1 9  
"s extraord9>y mann]1 visit & dwell )   
man1 is an idea1 :i*1 z we read ! writ+s
 ( ! anci5t hea!n1 meets u 9 a ?\s&     
diff]5t =ms4 ,if1 !n1 ! tradition ( ,god
 be+ born into ! _w 0 s univ]sally      
e/abli%$ 9 hea!n c\ntries be=e !        
,*ri/ian era1 z "h %[n1 :y %\ld n1 & :y 
w n1 our good ,*ri/ian bre?r5 dismiss _!
 prejudices1 & te> ! scales f _! eyes1 s
 z to see t ?is univ]sal belief w\ld z  

naturally lead to ! deification & wor%ip
 ( ! man ,*ri/ ,jesus z wat] fl[s d[n a 
desc5d+ plane8  ,&1 c]ta9ly a ?\s& times
 m reasonable is ! assumption t 8       
deification orig9at$ 9 ?is way1 ?an t1 )
 all 8 frailties & foibles1 he 0 entitl$
 to ! appellation ( a ,god--a conclusion
 /rongly corroborat$ by ! te/imony ( t  
able ,*ri/ian writ]1 ,mr4 ,norton1 :o   
tells u t _m ( ! fir/ ,*ri/ians be+     
conv]ts f ,g5tileism1 _! imag9ations 7  
famili> ) ! reput$ inc>nation ( hea!n   
deities4 ,h[ natural x w\ld be = su*    
conv]ts to wor%ip ! man ,*ri/ ,jesus z a
 ,god on acc\nt ( 8 sup]ior manhood6    
,aga91 t anci5t pill> ( ! ,*ri/ian *ur*1
 ,/4 ,ju/91 conc$es t ! anci5t ori5tal  
hea!n held all ! c>d9al doctr9es ( !    
,*ri/ian fai? relat+ to ! inc>nation    
long prior to ! introduction &          
e/abli%m5t ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,he> him3     
,address+ ! pagans1 he says1 ,= by      
decl>+ ! ,logos ! fir/ begott5 ,son (   
,god1 our ,ma/]1 ,jesus ,*ri/1 to be    
born ( a virg9 )\t any human mixture1 & 

to be crucifi$1 & dead1 & to h ris5 aga9
 into heav51 we say no m 9 ?is ?an :at y
 say ( ^? :om y /yle ! sons ( ,jove4    
7,reeves1 ,apol4 vol4 i4 p4 #fi47 ,n[1  
,*ri/ian read]1 m>k ! sev]al important  
admissions :i* are made "h3--  #a4 ,"h  
is trac$ to anci5t hea!n tradition !    
belief 9 an inc>nate ,son ( ,god4  #b4  
,! doctr9e ( a fir/ begott5 ,son ( ,god4
  #c4 ,( 8 be+ born ( a virg94  #d4 ,( 8
 crucifixion4  #e4 ,( 8 resurrection4   
#f4 ,( 8 f9al asc5sion into heav54  ,all
 ^! c>d9al doctr9es ( ,*ri/ianity are "h
 %[n to h be5 9 exi/5ce1 & to h be5     
prea*$ by pagan prie/s long ant]ior to !
 ,*ri/ian era1 ?us entirely ov]sett+ !  
common belief ( ,*ri/5dom t ^! doctr9es 
7 nev] kn[n or prea*$ 9 ! _w until      
h]ald$ by ! fir/ disciples ( ! ,*ri/ian 
religion4 ,a fatal mi/ake1 truly6 ,?is  
suicidal admission ( ,/ ,ju/9 7a /&>d   
,*ri/ian writ]7 ?us entirely uptrips all
 pret5sions to orig9ality 9 ! fundam5tal
 doctr9es ( ! ,*ri/ian fai?1 & %[s x to 
be a m]e trave/y ( ! m anci5t hea!n     

sy/ems4  ,& we h /ill o!r te/imony to   
corroborate ?is conclusion4 ,! ,fr5*    
writ] ,baz9 says1 ,! mo/ anci5t hi/ories
 are ^? ( ,gods becom+ inc>nate 9 ord]  
to gov]n mank9d4 ,aga9 he says1 ,! idea 
sprang up ev]y:]e f confus$ ideas (     
,god1 :i* prevail$ ev]y:]e among mank9d 
t ,gods =m]ly desc5d$ ^u e>?4 ,! f]tile 
imag9ation ( ! p ( v>i\s nations conv]t$
 m5 into ,gods4  ,& to ! same effect is 
! decl>ation ( ,mr4 ,higg9s1 t !re 0    
inc>nate ,gods 9 all religions4 ,sadly  
becl\d$ & w>p$ inde$ mu/ be t m9d :i* _c
 see t "h is set 9 z pla9 view z !      
cl\dless sun at noonday1 ! orig9 ( !    
deification ( ! man ,*ri/ ,jesus4 ,no   
unbias$ m9d c possibly /ave (f !        
conclusion t su* a univ]sal preval5ce ( 
! practice ( ,god-mak+ ?r\gh\t !        
religi\s _w w\ld cause su* a man z      
,jesus ,*ri/ to be wor%ip$ z a          
,god--especially :5 we look at ! v>i\s  
motives :i* promot$ m5 to ,gods1 :i* we 
w n[ pres5t4   ,,motives ,,to           
,,inc>nation1 ,,or ,,! ,,cause ,,( ,,m5 

,,be+ ,,wor%ip$ ,,z ,,gods4  ,! causes  
:i* l$ to ! conception ( ,gods & ,sons (
 ,god becom+ clo!d 9 human fle%--! mann]
 9 :i* ! absurd idea orig9at$ ( an      
inf9ite be+ desc5d+ f heav51 assum+ ! =m
 ( a man1 be+ born ( a pure & spotless  
virg91 & f9ally be+ kill$ by 8 own      
*ildr51 ! subjects ( 8 own gov]nm5t1 are
 palpably pla9 & easily und]/ood' 9 !   
light ( ori5tal hi/ory4  ,& at ! same "t
 x is s %ock+ly absurd1 t ! rapid m>* ( 
sci5ce & civilization w soon inaugurate 
! era :5 ! man or woman :o %all /ill be 
f\nd cl++ to ^! *ildi% & sup]/iti\s     
conceptions--! (fspr+ ( ignorance1 & !  
relics ( b>b>ism1 & a c]ta9 pro( (      
undevelop$ or un5light5$ m9ds--w be     
look$ ^u z deplorably ignorant &        
sup]/iti\s4 ,we w proce$ to enum]ate "s 
( ! causes :i* promot$ m5 to ! dignity (
 ,gods4  #a4 ,god mu/ come d[n to suff] 
& sympa?ize ) ! p4  ,! p ( all anci5t   
religi\s c\ntries 7 s ext]nally-m9d$1 t 
!y dem&$ a ,god :om !y c\ld "k by virtue
 ( 8 corporeity1 really sympa?iz$ ) _!  

sorr[s1 _! suff]+s1 _! wrongs1 & _!     
oppressions1 &1 l ,jesus ,*ri/1 t\*$ ) a
 feel+ ( our infirmities 7,heb4 iv4     
#ae7--;a ,god s f> inve/$ ) human       
attributes1 human frailties1 & human    
sympa?ies1 t he c\ld %\ld] _! burd5s &  
_! infirmities1 & take ^u himself a     
portion ( _! suff]+s4 ,h5ce x is said ( 
,*ri/1 himself took our infirmities4    
7,matt4 iii4 #ag47  ,! same conception  
runs ?r\gh ! pagan sy/ems4 ,"o writ]    
sets =? ! matt] ?us3 ,! ,creator        
occasionally assum$ a mortal =m to assi/
 mank9d 9 great em]g5cies 7z ,jesus     
,*ri/ 0 aft]w>d report$ z be+ !         
,creator4 ,see ,col4 i4 #af47 ,& z      
repeat$ soj\rn]s on e>? 9 v>i\s         
capacities1 !y 7! ,saviors7 became      
practically acqua9t$ ) all ! sorr[s &   
temptations ( humanity1 & c\ld ju/ly    
judge ( its s9s :ile !y sympa?iz$ ) its 
weaknesses & its suff]+s4 ,:5 !y aga9   
return$ to ! high] regions 7heav571 !y  
rememb]$ ! l[] =ms !y _h dwelt among/1 &
 felt a lively int]e/ 9 ! _w !y _h once 

inhabit$4 ,!y c\ld p5etrate ev5 ! secret
 ?\ghts ( mortals4  ,! p !n dem&+ a ,god
 ( sympa?y & suff]+ 7z %[n above71 _!   
cr$ul\s imag9ations w\ld n be long 9    
f9d+ "o4 ,let a man rise up 9 society   
end[$ ) an extraord9>y degree (         
spirituality & sympa?y = human suff]+2  
let him1 l ,*ri%na1 ,py?agoras1 ,*ri/1 &
 ,mahomet1 sp5d 8 "t 9 visit+ ! hovels (
 ! poor1 or consol+ _! sorr[s1 labor+ to
 mitigate _! griefs1 & 9 p]=m+ acts (   
*>ity1 dis9t]e/$ alms & de$s (          
b5evol5ce1 k9dness & love1 & s c]ta9    
w\ld he soon] or lat] comm& ! homage ( a
 ,god4 ,= ?is 0 always ! mode adopt$1 9 
an ignorant1 undevelop$1 & un5light5$   
age1 = acc\nt+ n m]ely = moral          
greatness1 b = e species ( m5tal &      
physical sup]iority1 z w be h]eaft] %[n4
 ,we w proce$ to notice ! second cause (
 m5 be+ inve/$ ) div9e attributes4  #b4 
,! p mu/ & w\ld h an ext]nal ,god !y    
c\ld see1 he>1 & talk to4  ,all !       
ori5tal nations1 z well z ,*ri/ian1     
taught t ,god 0 a _s1 b no nation or    

class ( p1 n ev5 ! f\nd]s ( ,*ri/ianity1
 ent]ta9$ a consi/5t view ( ! doctr9e4  
,only a few le>n$ philosoph]s saw !     
sci5tific impossibility ( an inf9ite _s 
be+ cr[d$ into ! human =m4 ,h5ce !y     
alone 7 cont5t$ to wor%ip ,god 9 _s & 9 
tru?4 ,e religi\s nation w5t c\nt] to ! 
_s ( ?is injunction 9 wor%ip+ = a ,god a
 be+ 9 ! human =m4 ,ev5 ! f\nd]s (      
,*ri/ianity1 ?\gh mak+ high claims to   
spirituality1 7 too gross1 too s5su\s 9 
_! conceptions1 too ext]nally-m9d$1 &   
too idolatr\s 9 _! feel+s &             
proclivities1 to be cont5t to wor%ip    
,god 9 _s4 ,h5ce _! deification ( ! man 
,*ri/ ,jesus to answ] ! requisition ( an
 ext]nal wor%ip1 by :i* !y violat$ !    
comm& to wor%ip ,god z a _s4 ,t !       
practice ( promot+ m5 to ! ,godhead     
orig9at$ ) m9ds on ! ext]nal plane1 &   
ev9ces a want ( spiritual developm5t1 is
 cle>ly set =? by ! au?or ( ,! ,n9ete5? 
,c5tury 7a ,*ri/ian writ]7 :o tells u1  
,! idea ( ! primitive ages 7 :olly      
s5su\s1 & ! masses did n believe 9 any?+

 except t :i* !y c\ld t\*1 see1 he> &   
ta/e4 ,a true description1 no d\bt1 ( ! 
anci5t pagan wor%ip]s ( demigods4 ,b we 
w>n ! ,*ri/ian read] n to ca/ an*or "h1 
= we h at our elb[ abundance ( ,*ri/ian 
te/imony f ! p5s ( ! v oracles ( ! *ur* 
to prove t ! same /ate ( ?+s1 ! same    
/ate ( society1 ! same /ate ( m9d1 !    
same proclivity = ,god-mak+1 exi/$ ) ! p
 among :om ,*ri/ 0 born1 & t x 0 ow+ to 
?is s5su\s1 idolatr\s /ate ( m9d among 8
 disciples t he receiv$ ! homage & title
 ( a ,god4  ,h5ce ! fam\s ,ar*bi%op     
,tillotson says1 ,ano!r v common notion1
 & rife 9 ! hea!n _w1 & a great s\rce ( 
_! idolatry1 0 _! deification ( great m5
 fit to be wor%ip$ z ,gods4444 ,!re 0 a 
great incl9ation 9 mank9d to ! wor%ip ( 
a visible ,deity4 ,s ,god 0 pleas$ to   
appe> 9 our nature1 t !y :o 7 fond ( a  
visible ,deity might h "o1 ev5 a true & 
natural inc>nation ( ,god ! ,fa!r1 !    
express image ( 8 p]son4 ,n[1 we enjo9 !
 read] to m>k ?is te/imony well1 &      
impress x indelibly ^u 8 memory4        

,accord+ to ?is or?odox ,*ri/ian bi%op1 
,jesus ,*ri/ appe>$ on e>? z a ,god 9   
condesc5sion to ! wi%es ( a p too devoid
 ( spirituality1 & too /rongly incl9$ to
 idolatry1 to wor%ip ,god z a _s4 ,= he 
admits ! wor%ip ( a ,god-man or a       
man-,god is a species ( idolatry4 ,?is  
tells ! :ole /ory ( ! apo!osis ( ! man  
,*ri/ ,jesus4 ,we h no d\bt b t "h is   
sugge/$ "o ( ! true causes ( 8 elevation
 to ! ,deity%ip4 ,aga9 he says1 ,! _w 0 
mightily b5t on address+ _! reque/s &   
supplications1 n to ! ,deity imm$iately1
 b by "s ,m$iator betwe5 ! ,gods & m54  
7,see ,wadswor?'s ,eccles4 ,biog4 p4    
#agb47 ,"h1 !n1 we h ! mo/ conclusive   
pro( t ! belief 9 m$iators is ( pagan   
orig94 ,we w n[ he> f ano!r ar*bi%op on 
?is subject4 ,9 8 ,caution to ! ,times  
7p1 #ga 71 ,ar*bi%op ,:ately says1 ,z ! 
,inf9ite ,be+ is an object too remote & 
incompreh5sible = our m9ds to dwell ^u1 
he has manife/$ himself 9 8 ,son1 ! man 
,jesus ,*ri/ ,precisely s #a j ! k9d (  
reason+ employ$ to acc\nt = ! wor%ip (  

man-,gods among ! hea!n4 ,?is logic fits
 "o case z well z ! o!r4  ,! ,*ri/ian   
writ] ,f4 ,d4 ,maurice decl>es 9 l      
mann]1 ,we accept ! fact ( ! inc>nation 
7( ,jesus ,*ri/71 because we feel t x is
 impossible to "k ! absolute invisible  
,god )\t an inc>nation1 z man ne$s to "k
 him1 & craves to "k him4 7,logical     
,essay1 p4 #gi47 ,"h is m pagan logic--!
 same reason+ !y employ$ to prove !     
div9ity ( _! ,saviors & demigods4 ,& !  
,rev4 ,dr4 ,?omas ,arnold decl>es1 ,x 7!
 inc>nation ( ,*ri/7 0 v necess>y1      
especially at a "t :5 m5 7 s accu/om$ to
 wor%ip _! highe/ ,gods "u ! =m ( m5    
7,s]mon on ,*ri/ian ,life1 p4 #fa47 ,let
 ! read] att5tively obs]ve ! explicit   
av[al "h made1 & m>k well its pregnant  
inf]5ces4 ,he makes ,jesus ,*ri/ come   
into ! _w 9 condesc5sion to ! idolatr\s 
rivalry ( ! ,jews to be up ) ! hea!n    
nations 9 wor%ip+ ,god 9 ! =m ( man2 t  
is1 ! f\nd]s ( ,*ri/ianity1 hav+ be5    
,jews1 disclos$ ! true ,jewi% "* 9 runn+
 aft] & adopt+ ! cu/oms ( hea!n c\ntries

 !n s rife--t ( hunt+ up a great man1 & 
mak+ him a ,god--:i* 0 only "o case out 
( _m ( ! ,jews adopt+ "s ( ! num]\s =ms 
( idolatry & o!r religi\s cu/oms ( _!   
hea!n neighbors4 ,_! :ole hi/ory1 z set 
=? 9 ! ,bible1 proves1 z we h %[n 9     
ano!r *apt]1 t !y 7 /rongly prone to su*
 acts4 ,x is n /range1 !re=e1 t !y %\ld 
& did conv]t ! man ,*ri/ ,jesus into a  
,god4 ,we w n[ li/5 to ano!r ,*ri/ian   
writ]1 ! notable & notewor?y ,dr4 ,t4   
,*amb]s4 ,:atev] ! falsely or           
sup]/iti\sly fe>ful imag9ation conjures 
up because ( ,god be+ at a di/ance1 c   
only be dispell$ by ,god be+ br\ght nigh
 to u4444 ,! veil :i* hides ! unse5 ,god
 f ! eyes ( mortals mu/ be someh[       
)drawn4 7,select ,works1 vol4 iii4 p4   
#afa47 ,mo/ significant inde$ is ?is    
species ( reason+4 ,x is ! same k9d (   
logic :i* _h l$ to ! promotion ( m ?an a
 score ( great m5 to ! ,godhead among ! 
anci5t hea!n4 ,! veil :i* hides ! unse5 
,god mu/ be remov$' says ,dr4 ,*amb]s2 &
 s _h reason$ 9 soliloquy a ?\s& pagans 

long be=e1 :5 det]m9$ to wor%ip m5 =    
,gods4 ,x is simply say+1 ,we are too   
c>nally-m9d$ to wor%ip ,god 9 _s2 we mu/
 & w h a ,god ( fle% & blood--a ,god :o 
c be recogniz$ by ! ext]nal s5ses2 he   
mu/ become fle%1 & dwell among/ u4 7,see
 ,john i4 #ad47 ,our au?or cont9ues3 ,n[
 all ?is 7remov+ ! veil f ! unse5 ,god7 
has be5 done once1 & done only once 9 ! 
p]son ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 7,ibid47 ,mi/ake1 
mo/ fatal mi/ake1 bro!r ,*amb]s6 ,x has 
be5 done m ?an a score ( times 9 v>i\s  
hea!n c\ntries--a fact :i* proves y     
ignorant ( ori5tal hi/ory4  ,n[ let !   
read] m>k ! =ego+ citations f /&>d      
,*ri/ian au?ors1 sett+ =? "s ( ! reasons
 :i* l$ ! f\nd]s ( ,*ri/ianity to adopt 
a visible man-,god 9 _! wor%ip 9 ! p]son
 ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 ,language c\ld h>dly be
 us$ to prove m conclusively t ! :ole ?+
 grew out ( an idolatr\s proclivity to  
man-wor%ip1--t is1 ! gross1 s5su\s1     
c>nally-m9d$ prop5sity to wor%ip an     
extetnal1 visible ,god1--prov+1 ) !     
corroborative evid5ce ( _m o!r facts1 t 

!y 7 n a :it above ! hea!n 9 spiritual  
developm5t4 ,! reason employ$ by !      
,?ibetan = ! wor%ip ( ! ,h9doo ,*ri%na z
 a ,god1 tells ! :ole /ory ( ! wor%ip & 
! deification ( ,jesus ,*ri/ ,we c\ld n 
always h ,god beh9d ! cl\ds2 s we _h him
 come d[n :]e we c\ld see him4 ,?is is !
 same k9d ( reason+ made use ( by !     
,*ri/ian writ] above quot$1 all ( :i*   
discloses a /ate ( m9d among bo? hea!n &
 ,*ri/ians t w\ld n long re/ satisfi$   
)\t deify+ somebody1 9 ord] to h a      
visible ,god to wor%ip4 ,& h5ce         
,*ri/ians deifi$ ! man ,*ri/ ,jesus =   
?is purpose4  ,! m ext]nally m9d$ 7says 
,fleurba*71 ! great] 0 ! det]m9ation to 
wor%ip a p]sonal ,god--,god 9 ! =m (    
man4 ,& z ! ,jewi% f\nd]s ( ,*ri/ianity 
7z e *apt] ( _! hi/ory demon/rates7 7   
dwell+ on ! ext]nal plane1 x 0 n an act 
( direct innovation1 !re=e1 = !m to fall
 into ! habit ( wor%ip+ ! p]sonal ,jesus
 z a ,god4 ,x involv$ no s]i\s incursion
 on previ\s ?\ghts or habits4 ,& w>p$ & 
bl9d$1 inde$1 mu/ be t m9d :i* _c "h    

discov] ! true key to ! apo!osis (      
,jesus--"o ( ! real causes ( 8 be+      
/ripp$ ( 8 manhood1 & advanc$ to !      
,godhead4 ,x 0 z naturally to be expect$
 f ! !n /ate ( ! religi\s _w1 & ! /ate (
 ! ,jewi% m9d conc]n$ 9 ! f\nd+ (       
,*ri/ianity1 z t an autumnal crop (     
fruit %\ld succe$ ! bloom ( spr+4  ,let 
x be specially not$1 t all ! ,*ri/ian   
writ]s above cit$ tell u1 9 effect1 t   
,god s5t 8 ,son ,jesus ,*ri/ into ! _w  
to be wor%ip$ z a ,god 9 condesc5sion to
 ! ignorance & sup]/iti\s t5d5cies1 & we
 w add1 idolatr\s proclivities ( ! p4 ,f
 ?is /&-po9t we *all5ge ! _w to %[ :y   
,god may n h s5t ! ori5tal ,saviors into
 ! _w = ! same reason--t is1 9          
condesc5sion to ! prejudices ( ! dev\t  
wor%ip]s "u ! hea!n sy/ems4 ,:y1 !n1 is 
!re n z mu* probability t he did d s8   
,:y w\ld he n be z likely to accommodate
 _! ignorance & prejudices 9 ?is way z  
^? ( ! f\nd]s ( ! ,*ri/ian sy/em4 ,?is  
"q we %all keep /&+ be=e ! ,*ri/ian _w  
till x is answ]$1 & we *all5ge !m to    

meet x1 & ov]?r[ x if !y c4  #c4 ,m5    
deifi$ on acc\nt ( m5tal & moral        
sup]iority4  ,! anci5t nations1 9 _!    
entire ignorance ( ! philosophy ( !     
human m9d1 & ! laws controll+ its       
actions1 always acc\nt$ = ! appe>ance ( 
great m5 among/ !m by suppos+ !m to be  
,gods4 ,e c\ntry occasionally produc$ a 
man1 :o1 by virtue ( natural sup]iority1
 rose s high 9 ! scale ( moral &        
intellectual greatness z to fill ! ideal
 ( ! p ) respect to ! *>act]i/ics ( a   
,god4 ,s l[1 s limit$1 s n>r[1 s greatly
 circumscrib$ 7 ! conceptions ( deity1 (
 ! undevelop$ & intellectually dw>f$    
m9ds ( all religi\s c\ntries 9 t age1 t 
a man _h to rise b a few degrees above !
 common level ( ! populace to become a  
,god4 ,he c\ld easily fill ! bill1 &    
exhibit all ! qualities !y assign$ to ! 
highe/ ,god 9 ! heav5s4 ,& ?is is z true
 ( ! ,jewi% m9d z t ( any o!r nation1 a 
portion ( :om ador$ ,jesus z a ,god4 ,or
 if !y lack$ any?+ 9 natural incl9ation1
 !y made x up by imitation1 a prop5sity 

:i* !y possess$ 9 no small degree1 t is1
 a pron5ess to imitate ! cu/oms ( o!r   
nations4  ,mr4 ,higg9s tells u t m5 (   
brilliant intellects & high moral       
atta9m5ts1 & great heal]s 7( :i* ,*ri/ 0
 "o71 7 almo/ c]ta9 to be deifi$4 ,9 l  
mann] ,ar*bi%op ,tillotson says1 !y     
deifi$ fam\s & em95t p]sons by advanc+  
!m aft] _! dea? to ! dignity ( an       
inf]ior k9d ( ,gods fit to be wor%ip$ by
 m5 on e>?4 ,m>k ! expression1 aft] _!  
dea? ,we h %[n 9 ano!r *apt] t ,jesus   
,*ri/ 0 n g5]ally consid]$ a ,god1 ev5  
by 8 foll[]s1 till m ?an ?ree hundr$    
ye>s aft] 8 dea?1 :5 ,con/ant9e decl>$  
him to be ,god ( v ,god--a circum/ance (
 itself suffici5t to e/abli% !          
conclusion t he did n possess ?is "*4 ,a
 ,god w\ld be ador$ z su* by ev]ybody   
:ile liv+1 b a man's wor%ip]s rise up   
aft] 8 dea?1 z 9 ! case ( ! man ,*ri/   
,jesus4 ,great m5tal end[m5ts1 or great 
moral atta9m5ts1 w\ld1 9 mo/ c\ntries1  
br+ ! mo/ ignorant d[n on _! knees to   
wor%ip su* a man z a ,god4 ,b x re-quir$

 ye>s1 & sometimes c5turies1 to get him 
fully e/abli%$ among ! ,gods4 ,?is is z 
true ( ,jesus ,*ri/ z ! o!r             
human-desc5d$ deities4 ,:atev] am\nt (  
homage ,jesus might h receiv$ :ile liv+1
 any p]son :o w in/itute a ?or\gh1      
unbias$ scrut9y 9 ! case w discov] t x 0
 8 great heal+ p[]s & sup]ior m5tal     
qualities :i* f9ally deifi$ him4 ,8     
ignorant admir]s knew no way ( acc\nt+ =
 su* extraord9>y qualities b to suppose 
him to be ! embodim5t ( inf9ite wisdom4 
,l ! ,*9aman :o exclaim$1 ,see ! ,god 9 
t man1 :5 an ,engli%man cur$ a "y woman 
( p>tial bl9dness by ano9t+ h] eyes )   
k]os5e4 ,su* a de$ w\ld deify almo/ any 
man1 9 almo/ any c\ntry1 be=e ! dawn (  
lett]s & ! recognition ( ! sci5ce ( m9d4
  ,! mission>y ,rev4 ,d4 ,o4 ,all5's    
me?od ( acc\nt+ = ! deification ( !     
,h9doo ,god ,*ri%na is s sugge/ive1 t we
 "h pres5t x4 ,he tells u t z ! exploits
 ascrib$ to ,*ri%na exce$ m]e human p[]1
 ! difficulty 0 remov$ by plac+ him     
among ! inc>nations ( ,vi%nu4 7,india1  

,anci5t & ,mod]n1 p4 #bf47 ,exactly s6  
,we are glad ( su* hi/oric in=mation4   
,we hope ! ,*ri/ian read] w note !      
lesson x sugge/s4 ,= c]ta9ly1 e read]1  
:o has n _h 8 reason %ipwreck$ on !     
%oals ( a bl9d & dogmatic !ology1 c see 
"h a key to unlock ! great my/]y ( !    
,*ri/ian inc>nation--! div9ity ( ,jesus 
,*ri/ ,z "s ( ! exploits ( ,*ri%na 7    
suppos$ to exce$ m]e human p[]1 we are  
told ! difficulty 0 expla9$ by imag9+   
him to be a ,god4 ,h[ p[]ful !          
sugge/ion6 h[ conclusive ! explanation1 
n only = ! ,godhood ( ?is s9-aton+      
,savior1 b = t ( our ,"l & ,savior      
,jesus ,*ri/1 & all ! o!r ,lords1 &     
,gods1 & ,saviors ( antiquity6 ,a s+le  
h9t w sometimes expla9 :ole volumes (   
obscure hi/ory1 z does ?is ( ! ,rev4    
,*ri/ian ,h9doo mission>y ,d4 ,o4 ,all54
 ,& surely1 mo/ deplorably bl9d$ by     
sup]/ition mu/ be ! two hundr$ millions 
( ,*ri/ wor%ip]s1 ! ?ree hundr$ millions
 :o wor%ip ,*ri%na1 ! "o hundr$ & tw5ty 
million ador]s ( ,confucius1 ! fifty    

millions ( suppliants ( ,mi?ra !        
,m$iator1 & ! "o hundr$ & fifty millions
 ( foll[]s ( ,mahomet1 :o _c see "h a   
satisfactory solution ( ! deity%ip ( all
 ^! ,gods1 & all ! o!r man-,gods (      
antiquity4  ,! "q is sometimes ask$1 ,h[
 c\ld two hundr$ millions ( p come to   
believe t ,jesus 0 a ,god m]ely because 
( 8 sup]iority z a man8 ,we w answ] by  
po9t+ to ! hi/ory ( ! ,h9doo ,*ri%na1 & 
by ask+ ! same "q ) respect to 8        
,godhead4 ,h[ c\ld ?ree hundr$ millions 
( p be br\ght to believe 9 8 div9ity1 & 
wor%ip him z a ,god1 m]ely because he 0 
a sup]ior human be+8 ,"o "q is z easily 
answ]$ z ! o!r1 & po/]ity w answ] bo?   
que/ions alike4 ,:5 we obs]ve x taught z
 an important & easily le>n$ lesson (   
hi/ory1 & "o bas$ on a ?\s& facts1 t no 
man c\ld rise to intellectual greatness 
or moral di/9ction 9 ! era 9 :i* ,*ri/ 0
 born )\t be+ advanc$ to ! dignity ( a  
,god1 & wor%ip$ z su*1 x is really a    
s\rce ( humility & sorr[ to e un%ackl$  
lov] ( tru? & humanity to reflect t !re 

are s _m millions ( p ^: m5tal vision is
 s becl\d$ by a dogmatic & inexorable   
!ology t !y _c see ! logical pot5cy ( ^!
 facts1--t !y _c be ev5 mov$ by ?is     
great & ov]:elm+ am\nt ( evid5ce aga9/ !
 div9ity dogma1 & obs]ve t x explodes x 
into a ?\s& fragm5ts1 b /ill cl+ to !   
delusion t ! man ,*ri/ ,jesus1 ) all !  
human qualities & human frailties ) :i* 
8 own hi/ory 7! ,gospels7 inve/ him1 0  
nev]!less a ,god1--ay1 ! mon/r\s        
delusion t any be+ possess+ a f9ite =m  
c\ld be an inf9ite be+--a mo/           
self-evid5t & %ock+ absurdity4 ,& we    
*all5ge all ,*ri/5dom to %[1 or         
approximate "o in* t[>d %[+1 t !re 0    
suffici5t diff]5ce betwe5 ,*ri/ &       
,*ri%na to require u to accept "o z a   
man & ! o!r z a ,god4 ,x _c be done4    
,we h %[n1 !n1 by ! =ego+ exposition1 t 
"o cause ( ! deification ( m5 0 simply  
an attempt to solve ! problem ( human   
greatness1--an attempt to acc\nt = !    
moral & intellectual sup]iority ( m5 :i*
 enabl$ !m to p]=m de$s & o!rwise       

exhibit a "* f> above ! capacity ( !    
multitude to compreh5d1 & :i* !y c\ld   
f9d no o!r way to acc\nt = ?an to       
suppose !m to be ,gods1 :ile ! l[ &     
grovel+ conceptions :i* mo/ religi\s    
nations1 & especially ! ,jews1 _h =m$ ( 
! "* & ess5tial attributes ( ! ,inf9ite 
,deity 7(t5 inve/+ him ) ! mo/ ignoble  
human attributes1 human passions1 &     
human imp]fections71 made x p]fectly    
easy to conv]t _! great m5 by imag9ation
 into ,gods4 ,! ,jews repres5t$ ,god n  
only z a com+ d[n f heav5 9 propria     
p]sona1 & walk+1 talk+1 wre/l+1 c41 z a 
man 7on "o occasion we are told he &    
,jacob scuffl$ all night71 b he is (t5  
repres5t$ z act+ ! "p ( a wick$ man1 su*
 z ly+ 7see #b ,*ron4 v4 #bb71 gett+ mad
 7see ,deut4 i4 #cg71 swe>+1 sanction+ !
 highh&$ & demoraliz+ crimes ( /eal+    
7see ,ex4 iii4 #b71 ( robb]y 7see ,ex4  
xii4 #cf71 ( murd] 7see ,deut4 xiii4 #b7
 & ev5 =nication 7see ,g54 xxxi4 #a1 &  
,num4 xxxi7 & ?us !y inve/$ ,diety ) su*
 mean1 l[1 despicable attributes z to   

r$uce 8 moral "* to a level ) ! mo/     
immoral man 9 society4 ,s t x 0 v easy1 
if n v natural1 to elevate _! great m5  
7if x really requir$ any elevation7 to a
 level ) _! ,god4  ,m5 & ,gods 7 9 "* & 
conception s ne>ly alike1 t x 0 easy to 
br+ !m on a level1 or to mi/ake "o = !  
o!r4 ,& h5ce x is we f9d an inc>nat$    
,god1 ,savior1 ,son ( ,god1 ,r$eem]1 c41
 figur+ 9 ! e>ly hi/ory ( ne>ly e       
ori5tal religi\s nation ^: "n & hi/ory  
has desc5d$ to u4 ,inde$1 ! practice (  
deify+ m51 or mi/ak+ m5 = ,gods1 0 once 
s common1 s ne>ly univ]sal1 t x mu/     
require a m9d v ignorant ( ori5tal      
hi/ory to adore ,jesus ,*ri/ z hav+ be5 
! only "* ( ?is k9d :o figur$ 9 !       
religi\s _w4 ,x 01 z be=e sugge/$1 deem$
 ! mo/ rational way ( acc\nt+ = ! m>k$  
sup]iority among m51 to suppose t "s m5 
_h a div9e bir?1 & 7 begott5 by ! great 
,inf9ite ,deity himself1 & desc5d$ to ! 
e>? ?r\gh ! pure/ human 7virg97 *annel4 
,z ,mr4 ,higg9s rem>ks1 ,e p]son :o     
possess$ a /rik+ sup]iority ( m9d1 ei!r 

= tal5t or goodness1 0 suppos$ anci5tly 
to h a portion ( ! div9e m9d or ess5ce  
incorporat$ or inc>nat$ 9 him4 ,! ,jews 
_h a numb] ( m5 ^: names imply a        
p>ticipation 9 ! div9e nature1 among :i*
 we w cite ,elijah & ,eli%a 7,el-i-jah &
 ,el-i-%a71 ,el be+ ! ,hebrew "n or t]m 
= ,god1 :ile ,jah is ,jehovah 7see ,ps4 
lxviii4 #d71 & ,%a means a ,savior4     
,elijah1 !n1 is an approximation to     
,god--,jehovah1 & ,eli%a is ,god--a     
,savior4 ,! "* ( m5 & ,gods 7 ca/ 9     
molds s approximately simil>1 s ne>ly   
id5tical1 z to make ! transition1 or    
*ange f "o to ! o!r1 s slight & easy2   
ei!r ( m5 into ,gods or ,gods into m51 t
 sev]al nations w5t s f> z to tea* t a  
man might by 8 own natural ex]tions1 8  
own volunt>y p[]s1 raise himself to a   
level ) ! ,diety1 & !reby become a ,god4
  ,mr4 ,ritt] 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ,anci5t     
,philosophy 7,*ap4 ,,ii471 tells u t "s 
( ! ,budhi/ sect held t a man by free+  
himself by hol9ess ( conduct f !        
ob/acles ( nature1 may deliv] 8 fell[s f

 ! corruption ( ! times1 & become a     
b5efactor & r$eem] ( 8 race1 & also ev5 
become a ,god--a ,budha--i4 e41 a       
,savior & ,son ( ,god4 ,s+ul> en\gh t ! 
,*ri/ian %\ld object to ?is doctr9e z   
be+ r blasphem\s1 :5 8 own bible        
abundantly & explicitly tea*es ! same   
doctr9e 9 effect6  ,we f9d ! same ?+    
sub/antially taught ov] & ov] aga9 9 !  
,*ri/ian ,scriptures4 ,be ye p]fect ev5 
z y\r ,fa!r 9 heav5 is p]fect 7,matt4 v4
 #ah71 requires a man to become morally 
p]fect z ,god1 :i* is all t ! ,budhi/   
precept requires or contemplates1 & no  
man c become p]fect z ,god )\t becom+ a 
,god4 ,b we are n left to m]e inf]5ce 9 
! matt]1 ,we h ! doctr9e sev]al times   
express$ & unque/ionably taught 9 !     
,*ri/ian bible ( man's p[] & pr]ogative 
to become ei!r a ,god or ,son ( ,god4   
,said ,i n t ye are ,gods8 7,ex4 iv4    
#af74 ,behold n[1 we are ! sons ( ,god4 
7i ,john i4 #b47  ,"h is ! ,budhi/      
doctr9e z explicitly /at$ z x c be      
taught4 ,x is1 !n1 a ,*ri/ian bible     

doctr9e z well z a pagan doctr9e1 t man 
c become a ,god1 & t ,god c be born (   
woman1 & !reby inve/$ ) all ! frail &   
imp]fect attributes ( man4 ,x _c be     
consid]$ a matt] ( m>vel1 !re=e1 t s _m 
( ! good1 ! great1 & ! wise m5 ( almo/ e
 c\ntry1 includ+ ! man ,*ri/ ,jesus1    
%\ld be honor$ & ador$ ) ! titles (     
,deity1 & wor%ip$ z ,god absolute1 ,son 
( ,god1 ,savior1 ,r$eem]1 ,int]cessor   
,m$iator1 c4  #d4 ,god comes d[n & is   
inc>nat$ to fight & conqu] ! devil4 ,we 
w proce$ to enum]ate o!r causes &       
motives :i* conspir$ 9 v>i\s cases to   
inve/ "s "o or m ( ! great m5 ( a nation
 ) div9e honors1 & adore !m z v]itable  
,gods & ,saviors come d[n to u 9 ! =m ( 
m54 ,x 0 a t5ant ( fai? ) mo/ ( ! anci5t
 religions1 t almo/ at ! dawn ( human   
exi/5ce a devil or evil pr9ciple f\nd   
its way into ! _w1 to ! great           
discomfiture ( man & ! no small         
annoyance ( ! ,supreme ,creator himself1
 & t h5ce !re mu/ ne$s be a ,savior1 a  
,r$eem]1 an ,int]cessor to combat & if  

possible de/roy ! devil & 8 works4  ,=  
?is purpose appe>$ ! ,savior ,*ri%na1 9 
,india1 ! ,savior ,osiris1 9 ,egypt1 !  
,god or ,m$iator ,mi?ra1 9 ,p]sia1 !    
,r$eem] ,quexalcote1 9 ,mexico1 !       
,savior ,jesus ,*ri/1 9 ,judea1 c4 ,9 ! 
initiatory *apt] on ! transgression &   
fall ( man1 "s ( ! ori5tal bibles       
graphically describe ! sc5e ( ! w> 9    
heav5--a c\nt]p>t to ! /ory ( ,/4 ,john1
 z f\nd 9 ! twelf? *apt] ( ,revelation1 
:]e9 ,mi*ael & ! dragon are repres5t$ z 
! capta9s & comm&]-9-*ief ( _!          
respective embattl$ ho/s1 & 9 :i* ! =m] 
0 cr[n$ z victor 9 ! conte/1 z he       
succe$$ 9 vanqui%+ & ca/+ out ! evil "o4
 ,9 ! pagan milit>y drama ! sc5e ( ! w> 
9 heav5 is transf]r$ to ! e>?4 ,a ,god1 
a ,savior 7a ,son ( ,god71 comes d[n to 
put a /op to ! ma*9ations ( ! ,evil ,"o1
 i4 e41 to de/roy ! devil & 8 works z we
 are told ,*ri/ came = t purpose4 7#a   
,john iii4 #h 7 ,see ! ,au?or's         
,biography ( ,satan4  ,! ,egyptian /ory 
runs ?us3 ,osiris appe>$ on e>? to      

b5efit mank9d1 & aft] he _h p]=m$ !     
duties ( 8 mission1 & _h fall5 a        
sacrifice to ,typhon 7! devil1 or evil  
pr9ciple71 :i*1 h[ev]1 he ev5tually     
ov]came 7'ov]came ! wick$ "o1' #a ,john 
ii4 #aa71 by ris+ f ! dead1 aft] be+    
crucifi$1 he became ! judge ( mank9d 9 a
 future /ate4 7,see ,k]rick's ,anci5t   
,egypt1 also ,wilk9son's ,egypt47  ,!   
,budhi/1 or ,h9doo1 v]sion ( ! /ory is  
on ?is wise3 ,! pr9ce 7( d>kness71 or   
evil _s1 ,ravana1 or ,mahesa1 got into a
 conte/ & a w> ) ! div9e h]o ,rama1 9   
:i* ! latt] prov$ victori\s1 & put to   
flight ! army ( '! wick$ "o1' b n till  
aft] consid]able injury _h be5 done to !
 human family1 & ! :ole ord] ( ! univ]se
 subv]t$2 to rectify :i*1 & to a*ieve a 
f9al & complete triumph ov] ,ravana 7!  
devil7 & 8 works1 & ?us save ! human    
race f utt] de/ruction1 ! gods bes\ght  
,vi%nu 7! second p]son ( ! ,tr9ity7 to  
desc5d to ! e>? & take ^u himself ! =m &
 fle% ( man4 ,& x 0 argu$ t z ! mission 
app]ta9$ to man1 ! ,god ,vi%nu1 :5 he   

desc5d$ to ! e>? 9 ! capacity ( a       
,savior1 %\ld become half man & half    
,god1 & t ! mo/ feasible way to         
accompli% ?is end 0 = him to be born ( a
 woman4  ,& t ! glory & honor ( 8       
triumph ov] ,ravana1 ! devil1 w\ld be   
great] if a*iev$ 9 ?is capacity ?an if  
he 7 to come d[n f heav5 & conqu]       
,ravana :olly ) 8 attributes z a ,god1  
or :olly 9 8 div9e "*--i4e41 z absolute 
,god1 un9ve/$ ) human nature4 ,!        
sugge/ion 0 approv$ by ,vi%nu1 :o       
desc5d$ & took ^u himself ! =m ( man 7! 
=m ( a s]vant--,phil4 ii4 #g74 ,& t 8   
metamorphosis or e>?-born life might be 
! pur]1 x 0 decid$ t he %\ld be born ( a
 woman :olly uncontam9at$ ) man--t is1 a
 virg94 ,& ?us1 f> back 9 ! midnight (  
my?ology & fable1 orig9at$ ! /ory (     
div9e ,saviors & ,gods be+ born (       
virg9s--a conception n[ f\nd incorporat$
 9 ! religi\s hi/ories ( v>i\s anci5t   
nations4  ,& n[ let u obs]ve h[         
sub/antially ! ,*ri/ian /ory ( a ,savior
 con=ms to ! above4 ,jesus1 l ! ,saviors

 ( ,india & ,egypt1 0 believ$ to be a   
man-,god--half man & half ,god1 &       
reput$ly he came into ! _w1 l !m1 to    
de/roy ! devil & 8 works1 or ! works ( !
 devil--t is1 to put an end to ! evil or
 malignant pr9ciple introduc$ into ! _w 
by ! s]p5t 9 ! g>d5 ( ,ed52 z x is      
decl>$ ! se$ ( ! woman %all bruise !    
s]p5t's head 7,g54 iii4 #ae7--:i* is    
int]pret$ z ref]r+ to ,*ri/4 ,& l ^! &  
v>i\s o!r pagan ,saviors ,jesus is      
assign$ ! highe/ & mo/ ennobl+ human    
orig9--a bir? f a virg94 ,&1 z 9 !      
in/ances above nam$1 ,jesus _h also     
sev]al enc\nt]s ) ! devil2 fir/ 9 !     
wild]ness1 !n on a m\nta91 & f9ally1 l  
!m1 falls a sacrifice to 8 insidi\s1    
malignant p[] act+ ?r\gh ! ag5cy &      
m$ium%ip ( ,judas ,isc>iot2 = 8 betrayal
 is ascrib$ :olly to ,satan1 :om ,john  
call$ ! s]p5t1 ent]+ into ,judas &      
prompt+ ! act4 7,see ,rev4 xii4 #c74 ,& 
?us ,*ri/1 l ! o!r saviors1 falls a     
victim to ! s]p5t9e or satanic p[] act+ 
?r\gh ! in/rum5tality ( a ,judas        

,isc>iot2 b f9ally1 triumph$1 l !       
,savior ( ,egypt 7,osiris71 by ris+ f ! 
dead--! fir/ fruits ( immortality4 ,&   
?us ! /ories run p>allel--! m mod]n     
,*ri/ian ) ! m anci5t pagan4       7,= a
 full exposition ( ! belief & traditions
      respect+ a devil & a hell 9 all   
ages & all c\ntries1      see ! ,au?or's
 ,biography ( ,satan47     ,,*apt]      
,,xxx4 ,,sacr$ ,,cycles ,,expla9+ ,,!   
,,adv5t ,,( ,,! ,,gods  ,! ,ma/]-,key to
 ! ,div9ity ( ,jesus ,*ri/4             
,extraord9>y ,revelations 9 ,hi/ory &   
,sci5ce4  ,,rec5t explorations 9 ! field
 ( ori5tal sacr$ hi/ory h reveal$ to !  
antiqu>ian "s curi\s & deeply int]e/+   
facts app]ta9+ to traditions f\nd$ on1 &
 gr[+ out (1 a/ronomical ph5om5a &      
*anges 9 ! visible heav5s1 :i* ?r[ mu*  
light on1 & g f> t[>d elucidat+ &       
furni%+ a satisfactory explanation ( _m 
( ! my/]ies ( ! ,*ri/ian bible4 ,! works
 :i* we h consult$1 conta9+ ! reports & 
results ( rese>*es ( ?is "*1 t5d to     
elucidate & e/abli% ! foll[+            

conclusions3--  #a4 ,t anci5tly1 9      
religi\s c\ntries1 "t 0 divid$ into     
,cycles1 ,aetas1 or ,n]os4  #b4 ,t ^!   
measures ( "t grew out (1 & repres5t$   
p]iodical *anges1 or p]iodically occurr+
 ph5om5a 9 ! a/ronomical heav5s4  #c4 ,t
 "s religi\s nations _h ?ree ,cycul>    
p]iods ( diff]5t l5g?s1 repres5t+ ?ree  
ord]s & degrees ( miracul\s bir?s4 ,9   
,india ! l5g? ( ! fir/ or %ort] ,cycle 0
 ?irty days1 ! l5g? ( "o moon or mon?4  
,e *ange ( ! moon m>k$ an important ev5t
 9 _! religi\s hi/ory4 ,ea* *ange 0     
suppos$ to d5ote ! bir? ( "s angel or   
cele/ial be+ kn[n z an ,eon4 ,! second  
,cycul> p]iod 0 ( six hundr$ ye>s'      
duration1 & 0 f\nd$ on a text ( ! sacr$ 
book ( ,india1 kn[n z ! ,surya          
,sidhanta1 :i* decl>es ! equ9octial po9t
 moves ea/w>d "o degree 9 ?irty times   
tw5ty ye>s 7?irty times tw5ty be+ #fjj74
 ,at e occurr5ce ( ?is equ9octial *ange 
hight5$ by an eclipse ( ! sun or moon1  
or "s o!r wond]-excit+ ph5om5on1 a ,god 
0 suppos$ to be born4 ,su* a m>vel\s &  

t]ror-inspir+ ev5t1 9 ! appreh5sions ( !
 cr$ul\s & sup]/iti\s populace ( an     
unsci5tific age1 c\ld n be design$ =    
any?+ less ?an ! bir? ( a ,god or ,div9e
 ,savior4 ,_! !ology tea*es t su* 0 !   
wick$ness ( man1 t a ,god _h to desc5d f
 heav51 & suff] & die = ! p1 9 "s way1 e
 six hundr$ ye>s4  ,& ?is p]iod 0       
ann\nc$ by ! ,god's caus+ a collision ( 
! sun & moon1 or "s o!r t]ror-excit+    
ph5om5a 9 ! heav5s above or ! e>? b5ea?4
 ,:5 "o ( ^! six hundr$ ,cycul> p]iods 0
 ab\t to expire1 & ano!r comm5ce1 e     
rem>kable ph5om5on 9 ! heav5s 0 wat*$ & 
int]pret$ z be+ connect$ ) x4 ,& "s     
p]son born at t p]iod1 :o exhibit$ any  
rem>kable or extraord9>y trait ( "*1 0  
c]ta9 to be promot$ to ! ,godhead1 z be+
 miracul\sly born & br\ght =? = !       
special occasion4 ,he 0 ! ,avat> ,savior
 or ,messiah = t ,cycle4 ,!re 7 two     
extraord9>y ev5ts to be acc\nt$ =--"o 0 
! display ( unusual & t]ror-excit+      
ph5om5a 9 ! heav5s1 & ! o!r ! bir? (    
extraord9>y m5 on e>?4 ,& x 0 natural = 

an ignorant age to associate !m toge!r1 
& make "o aid 9 acc\nt+ = ! o!r4 ,& z ^!
 cele/ial ph5om5a 7 only witness$ at    
int]vals di/ant ap>t1 ! ?\ght naturally 
arose1 & ! conclusion 0 easily e/abli%$1
 t !y came p]iodically1 & = ! special   
purpose ( h]ald+ ! bir? ( a ,god4  ,& z 
tradition report$ t simil> ev5ts 7      
witness$ six hundr$ ye>s be=e !         
conviction 0 fix$ 9 ! popul> m9d1 ?is 0 
! e/abli%$ p]iod int]v5+ betwe5 ^! great
 epo*s4 ,& ?us ! six hundr$ ye> ,cycul> 
tradition became e/abli%$ 9 ,india1 &   
f9ally spread ?r\gh all ! ,ea/]n        
c\ntries4 ,we f9d traces ( x 9 ,egypt1  
,syria1 ,p]sia1 ,*aldea1 ,*9a1 ,italy1 &
 ,judea4 ,& ! pro( t ! deification (    
great m5 9 "s c\ntries grew out ( ?is   
,cycul> tradition is f\nd 9 ! fact t _m 
( !m 7 born at ! comm5cem5t ( ,cycles4  
,! ,h9doos are able to rec\nt ! names ( 
t5 s9-aton+ ,saviors :o made _!         
appe>ance on e>? at ^! regul> int]vals (
 six hundr$ ye>s4 ,! "n ( ! fir/ ,avat> 
,m$iator & ,savior :o =sook ! ?rone (   

heav5 to come d[n & die = ! p 0 ,matsa4 
,tradition & ! sacr$ books fix 8 bir? at
 ab\t six ?\s& ye>s ,b4 ,c4 ,! names &  
adv5t ( ! o!r s9-aton+ ,saviors occur 9 
! foll[+ ord]3 #b4 ,vurahay1 #c4 ,kurma1
 #d4 ,nursu1 #e4 ,waman1 #f4 ,pursuram1 
#g4 ,kama1 #h4 ,*ri%na1 #i4 ,sakia1 #aj4
 ,salavahana4 ,! la/ nam$ ,savior 0     
cotempor>y ) ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,! ,god &    
,savior ,sakia 0 born six hundr$ ye>s   
,b4 ,c4 ,our ,"l & ,savior & ,son (     
,god1 ,*risna1 0 immaculately conceiv$ &
 miracul\sly born1 accord+ to ,higg9s1  
#abjj ,b4 ,c4  ,a circum/ance /rongly   
confirm+ ! conclusion t ,cycul> p]iods  
_h mu* to d ) ! promotion ( m5 to !     
dignity ( ,gods is1 t mo/ ( ! deifi$    
p]sonages report$ 9 hi/ory 71 accord+ to
 ! be/ au?orities1 born ne> ! comm5cem5t
 ( ,cycles4 ,recurr+ back to ! eigh?    
,cycle1 we obs]ve ! adv5t ( t p]iod (   
,*ri%na1 ,zoroa/] #b;d1 ,bali1 ,?ammuz1 
,atys1 ,osiris1 & sev]al o!rs4 ,at !    
comm5cem5t ( ! n9? ,cycle appe>$ ,sakia1
 ,quexalcote1 ,zoroa/] #b;d1 ,xion1     

,qairi\s1 ,prome!us1 ,mi?ra & _m o!rs4  
,! t5? ,cycle br\ght 9 ,jesus ,*ri/1    
,salavhana1 ,apolloni\s1 & o!rs t might 
be nam$4 ,mahomet succe$$ ,jesus ,*ri/ j
 six hundr$ ye>s 7he 0 born 9 ! ye> #fjj
 ,a4 ,d471 :i* inaugurat$ ano!r ,cycle4 
,_m facts are record$ 9 hi/ory prov+ !  
preval5ce & sacr$ness ( ! ,cycle idea 9 
diff]5t c\ntries4 ,! /ory 9 ,egypt ( !  
bird call$ ! ,pho5ix1 be+ hat*$1 accord+
 to tradition1 j #fjj ye>s ,b4 ,c41 &   
liv+ to be j six hundr$ ye>s old1 & hav+
 ! p[] to r5ew itself e six hundr$ ye>s1
 %[s ! preval5ce ( ! ,cycul> tradition 9
 t c\ntry4  ,we h ! /atem5t ^u ! records
 ( hi/ory t :5 ! fir/ six hundr$ ye>s   
aft] ! f\ndation ( ,rome 7 ab\t to      
expire1 ! p became greatly excit$ ) !   
appreh5sion t "s extraord9>y ev5t1 mu/  
att5d ! occasion4 ,& b = ! influ5ce ( ! 
philosoph]s1 "s extraord9>y man w\ld h  
be5 hunt$ up & promot$ to div9e honor z 
be+ ! ,god born = t ,cycle4 ,! writ+s ( 
,plato1 ,plut>*1 ,ovid1 ,cic]o1 ,virgil1
 & ,ari/otle1 all ev9ce a belief 9      

,cycles1 & ! belief t t5 ,cycles1 or    
,aetas1 7 ! measure1 = ! duration ( !   
_w4 ,accord+ to ,m4 ,fab]1 a new-born   
,savior 0 always expect$ to make 8      
appe>ance at ! comm5cem5t ( "o ( ^!     
,cycles4 ,h5ce ! deification ( ^?       
p]sonages above nam$1 & _m o!rs t might 
be nam$4 ,x is a rem>kable circum/ance t
 ! ,jewi% bible %\ld speak ( ,noah z be+
 six hundr$ ye>s old at ! comm5cem5t ( !
 flood1 :5 x 0 a tradition among/ !     
anci5t ,egyptians t ! u%]+ 9 ( ! six    
hundre? ye> ,cycle 0 to be att5d$ ) a   
flood4  ,& ! "t antec$5t to ,noah aft]  
creation1 0 ! measure ( ?ree ,cycles1   
accord+ to ! *ronology ( ! ,sam>itan    
bible1 x be+ #fjjd-fjjfjj #ahjj ye>s f  
,adam to ,noah4 ,x is an int]e/+ fact t 
^? enigmatical figures made use ( by    
,daniel1 z also "s ( ^? f\nd 9 !        
,apocalypse1 are susceptible ( a ,cycul>
 explanation4 ,^! occult prophecies1 z  
!y are suppos$ to be1 :i* h puzzl$ &    
bewild]$ _m ?\s&s ( ,*ri/ian m9ds &     
bible exp\nd]s 9 _! attempt to evolve _!

 signification1 are susceptible ( a     
,cycul> explanation4 ,!y are ( easy     
solution on a ,cycul> basis1 or ) !     
,cycul> key4  ,take1 = example1         
,daniel's fam\s prophecy 7s call$7 ( !  
sev5ty weeks1 z f\nd 9 ! n9? *apt]1     
ann\nc+ ! adv5t ( a ,messiah at ! end ( 
t p]iod4 ,we f9d by a calculation bas$  
on ,tyson's ,hi/orical ,atlas1 &        
,haskell's ,*ronology & ,univ]sal       
,hi/ory1 t ,daniel liv$ 9 ! hundr$ & t5?
 ye> ( ! n9? ,cycle1 at :i* "t !        
prefigure seems to h be5 us$4 ,assum+   
?is z a basis1 & multiply+ sev5ty weeks 
by sev51 to conv]t x into ye>s1 z       
,*ri/ian essayi/s are accu/om$ to do+1 &
 we h z ! result #gjx#gdij1 :i* be+ add$
 to "o hundr$ & t51 ! ye> t gave bir? to
 ! prophesy1 makes six hundr$1 :i*      
exactly completes ! ,cycle1 & furni%es a
 simple & beautiful explanation ( a     
my/ical figure1 on :i* _m ?\s&s (       
conjectures1 speculations1 & guesses h  
be5 f\nd$1 b on :i* !y h fail$ to ?r[   
any light4  ,! #gjx#gjdij ye>s1 7 want+ 

to complete ! ,cycle2 & :5 ?is roll$    
away1 x br\ght a new ,cycle1 & ) x a new
 s9-aton+ ,savior 0 always expect$ 9 "s 
c\ntries 7! c\ntry 9 :i* ,daniel liv$   
be+ "o ( ?is numb]72 a new ,messiah 7or 
s9-aton+ ,savior71 & "s great man born  
at t "t1 0 fix$ ^u & deifi$ z be+ t     
,messiah4 ,h5ce ! ,jews1 9 imitation (  
_! neighbors1 yield+ to _! /rong        
proclivities to borr[ f & copy aft]     
hea!n nations1 select$ ! man ,*ri/      
,jesus z _! ,messiah & ,savior4 ,!      
my/ical era ( ,daniel1 signifi$ by a "t1
 times1 & ! divid+ ( "t 7,dan4 vii4     
#be71 or1 z ,/4 ,john has x1 a "t1      
times1 & a half "t 7see ,rev4 xii4 #ad7 
is expla9able by ! same ,cycul> key4    
,"s writ]s h conjectur$ t ,daniel 0 a   
,*aldean prie/4 ,if s1 he mu/ h _h a k (
 _! a/ronomical ,cycle ( two ?\s& "o    
hundr$ & sixty ye>s1 :i* complet$ !     
p]iod ( ! precession ( ! equ9oxes4      
,expla9$ by ?is ,cycle1 8 "t1 times1 &  
divid+ ( "t1 or half "t1 or a "t1 ano!r 
"t1 & a half "t1 z "s writ]s h r5d]$ x1 

w\ld be #bafj f #bafj-;,i-#ajhj #edjj2  
n9e ,cycles exactly1 z #fjj,x#i #edjj4  
,add ?is to ! ,cycle 9 :i* he liv$1 & we
 h #edjjfjjfjjj1 ! great ,mill5nial     
,cycle1 :5 n only a new ,savior &       
,messiah 0 to be born1 b a new _w also4 
,bo? ! long & %ort ,cycle 7& "o 0 a     
measure ( ! o!r7 7 expect$ to expire at 
t "t1 accord+ to a ,*aldean tradition4  
,& ?us is beautifully expla9$ ano!r     
deep1 d>k & unfa?omable my/]y1 :i* ?\s&s
 ( dev\t m9ds h exhau/$ _! +5uity 9 try+
 to f9d a mean+ =4 ,aga91 look at !     
frightful nightm>e visions ( ,daniel & !
 au?or ( ! ,apocalypse1 9 :i* !y saw a  
mon/r\s bea/ ) sev5 heads & t5 horns1   
?\gh ,daniel m5tions only ! horns4 ,!   
sev5 heads 71 9 all probability1 ! sev5 
auspici\s mon?s ( ! ye> 9 :i* "s ( !    
nations reveal$ 9 ! enjoym5t (1 & prais$
 & celebrat$ _! fruitful1 b\ntiful      
bless+s1 ! ye> be+ divid$ into two      
seasons1 sev5 summ] mon?s & five w9t]   
mon?s4  ,n[1 let x be not$1 ,/4 ,john   
liv$ ne> ! t5? ,cycle1 :i* answ]s to !  

t5 horns ( ! bea/4 ,h5ce is mo/ =cibly  
sugge/$ t int]pretation ( ! figure4     
,daniel's t5 horns %\ld h be5 translat$ 
elev5 horns1 z he liv$ 9 ! n9? ,cycle1  
?\gh s ne> ! t5?1 t he probably         
con/ruct$ 8 figure on ! t5?4 ,&         
,daniel's prophetic decl>ation 7s       
consid]$71 f\nd 9 ! eigh? *apt]1 t x    
w\ld be two ?\s& ?ree hundr$ days until 
! sanctu>y %\ld be clos$1 is expla9able 
9 ! same mann]4 ,accord+ to ,mr4 ,irv+1 
,mr4 ,fr]e1 & o!r writ]s1 !re 0 a l>ge  
fraction ov] ! ?ree hundr$ days1 mak+ x 
ne>] f\r hundr$1 & h5ce might h be5 s   
r5d]$1 :i* w\ld make #bjjjd-djjbdjj2 !  
exact l5g? ( f\r ,cycles1 #fjjx#dbdjj4  
,& _! are o!r my/ical figures1 frightful
 visions1 & occult metaphors f\nd 9 !   
,apocalypse susceptible ( a ,cycul>     
solution4 ,! ,cycle is ! true key =     
unlock+ _m ( ! anci5t my/]ies ( v>i\s   
religions4 ,! ,*9ese h always reckon$ by
 ,cycles ( sixty ye>s1 in/ead ( by      
c5turies4 7,see ,new ,am4 ,encyclop4    
vol4 v4 p4 #aje47  ,we w n[ be/[ a brief

 notice on ! ,mill5nial ,cycle3 ! sacr$ 
p]iod ( #fjjj ye>s1 compos$ ( t5 ( !    
small] ,cycles1 #fjjx#ajfjjj4 ,dr4      
,hales says1 ,a tradition ( ,mill5nial  
ages prevail$ ?r\gh\t ! ea/1 & f9ally   
rea*$ ! we/4 7,*ron4 vol4 i4 p4 #dd47   
,we are told by a/ronom]s t if ! angle  
:i* ! plane ( ! ecliptic =ms ) ! plane (
 ! ,equator _h decreas$ gradually1 z x 0
 once suppos$ to d1 ! two planes w\ld   
co9cide 9 ab\t six ?\s& ye>s--a p]iod   
:i* comprises t5 ( ! small] ,cycles1    
#fjj,x#aj #fjjj4 ,& x 0 v easy & v      
natural = an ignorant & sup]/iti\s age  
to conclude t su* a prodigi\s1 a/\nd+1 &
 awful ev5t z t ( two /up5d\s orbits or 
planes com+ 9 contact ) ea* o!r1 %\ld be
 att5d$ ) "s direful & calamit\s ev5t1 &
 ) a trem5d\s display ( div9e p[]4 ,no?+
 less ?an an entire revolution1 if n !  
total de/ruction ( ! _w1 c\ld comport ) 
! maje/y & magnitude ( su* an ev5t4  ,& 
?is great crisis 0 to br+ d[n !         
,omnipot5t ,div9e ,judge f ! ?rone (    
heav52 t is1 ! ,almighty be+ :o caus$ x 

0 to come d[n1 or s5d 8 ,son to call !  
nations to judgm5t1 & dr[n ! _w1 or set 
x on fire4 ,! fir/ de/ruction accord+ to
 ! tradition ( ! ,*aldeans1 ,p]sians1   
,assyrians1 ,mexicans1 & "s o!r nations1
 0 to be by wat]1 & ! next by fire1 :5 !
 oceans1 seas1 & lakes 7 to be conv]t$  
into a%es4 ,& ,*ri/'s apo/les seem$ to h
 *]i%$ ?is tradition4 ,pet] says1 :]eby 
! _w t 0 !n1 be+ ov]fl[$ by wat]1 p]i%$4
 ,b ! heav5s & ! e>? :i* are n[1 by !   
same ^w are kept 9 /ore1 res]v$ unto    
fire aga9/ ! day ( judgm5t1 7#b ,pet]   
iii4 #f47 ,?is 0 a pagan belief long    
prior to ! era ( ,pet]4 ,josephus says1 
,adam pr$ict$ t ! _w w\ld be twice      
de/roy$1 once by wat]1 next by fire4 ,a 
writ] says1 ,a glori\s1 blissful future 
att5ds ! de/ruction ( ! _w by fire1 & ! 
reappe>ance ( ,vi%nu 7i4 e41 elev5?     
inc>nation ( ,vi%nu7 has be5 = sev]al   
?\s& ye>s ! hopeful anticipation (      
,india4 ,! la/ com+ ( ,vi%nu 9 p[] &    
glory1 says ano!r writ]1 to consummate !
 f9al ov]?r[ ( evil1 s91 & dea?1 is s   

firmly fix$ 9 ! m9ds ( ! devotees1 t !y 
h an annual fe/ival 9 commemoration ( _!
 prophesy ref]r+ to x1 at :i* !y        
exclaim1 9 a l\d voice1 ',:5 w ! ,div9e 
,help] come8 :5 w ! ,deliv]] appe>8'    
,at ! consummation ( ?is ev5t1 a comet w
 roll "u ! moon & set ! _w on fire2 s   
affirms _! bible4 ,& ! ,p]sian bible1 ! 
,z5d-,ave/a1 9 l mann] pr$icts t a />1 )
 a tail 9 c\rse ( its revolution1 w     
/rike ! e>? & set x on fire4 ,s5eca     
pr$icts t ! "t w come :5 ! _w w be      
wrapp$ 9 flames1 & ! opposite p[]s 9    
conflict w mutually de/roy ea* o!r4     
,ovid prophesies poetically1--       ,= 
?us ! /]n1 unyield+ ,fates decree4      
,t e>?1 air1 heav51 ) ! capaci\s sea1   
,all %all fall victims to dev\r+ fire1  
,& 9 fi]ce flames ! blaz+ orbs expire4  
,lucian1 9 a l _s1 exclaims1--       ,"o
 va/1 appo9t$ flame1 by ,fate's decree1 
,%all wa/e yon azure heav5s1 ! e>? &    
sea4  ,! ,egyptians m>k$ _! h\ses ) r$1 
to indicate t ! _w w\ld be de/roy$ by   
fire4 ,orpheus1 #abjj ,b4 ,c41 at !     

inauguration ( ! eigh? ,cycle1 ent]ta9$ 
fe>ful =ebod+s ( ! spe$y de/ruction ( ! 
_w by wat] or fire4 ,"s nations held t !
 alt]nate de/ruction ( ! _w by wat] &   
fire _h already occurr$1 & w\ld occur   
aga94 ,!opompus in=ms u t "s ( !        
ori5tali/s believ$ t ! ,god ( light & ! 
,god ( d>kness reign$ by turn e six ?\s&
 ye>s 7comm5c+ ) an a/ronomical ,cycle (
 c\rse71 & t dur+ ?is p]iod ! o!r 0 held
 9 subjection1 :i* f9ally result$ 9 a w>
 9 heav52 a c\nt]p>t to ,/4 ,john's     
/ory4 7,see ,rev4 *ap4 xii47  ,?is      
accords ) ,volney's /atem5t1 t x 0      
record$ 9 ! sacr$ books ( ! ,p]sians &  
,*aldeans t ! _w1 compos$ ( a total     
revolution ( twelve ?\s& p]iods1 0      
divid$ into two p>tial revolutions ( six
 ?\s& ye>s ea*--"o be+ ! reign ( good1 &
 ! o!r ! reign ( evil4 7,ru9s1 p4 #bdd47
 ,?is belief 0 dissem9at$ ?r\gh mo/ ( ! 
nations4 ,"o ( ^! revolutions 0 produc$1
 "s believ$1 by a concussion ( worlds1  
:i* displac$ ! ocean & seas1 & ?us      
produc$ a g5]al flood1 :i* dr[n$ e liv+ 

?+ on ! e>?4 ,! next revolution w be    
caus$ by a collision ( worlds1 :i* w    
produce fire1 & burn ! e>? to a%es4     
,n[1 let x be not$ t all ( ^! gr& epo*s 
7 f\nd$ on ,cycles1 & accompani$ by !   
tradition ( a ,god be+ born ^u ! e>?    
7conceiv$ by a virg9 maid71 or desc5d+ 9
 p]son2 t is1 m5 7 promot$ to !         
,godhead4 ,& 9 ?is way ,jesus ,*ri/ 0   
deifi$4 ,volney expla9s ! matt] ?us3    
,n[1 accord+ to ! ,jewi% computation1   
six ?\s& ye>s _h ne>ly elaps$ s9ce !    
suppos$ creation ( ! _w 7accord+ to _!  
*ronology74 ,?is co9cid5ce produc$      
consid]able f]m5tation 9 ! m9ds ( ! p4  
,no?+ 0 ?\ght ( b ! approa*+ t]m9ation4 
,! great ,m$iator & ,f9al ,judge 0      
expect$1 & 8 adv5t desir$1 t an end     
might be put to _! calamities4 7,ru9s1  
p4 #afh74  ,mr4 ,higg9s corroborates ?is
 /atem5t1 :5 he tells u t ab\t ! "t ( ! 
,cs>s1 !re seems to h be5 a g5]al       
expectation t "s ,great ,"o 0 to appe>4 
,& f9ally1 :5 ! ,cycle _h pass$1 ! p1 ! 
,jew-,*ri/ians1 began to look ab\t to   

see :o t ,great ,"o 04 ,"s fix$ on      
,h]od1 "s on ,julius ,cs>1 & "s on o!rs4
 ,b f9ally public op9ion settl$ on "o   
,jesus ( ,naz>e?1 on acc\nt ( 8         
sup]iority 9 morals & intellect1 :ile ! 
,h9doos deifi$ ,salavahana1 ! ,greeks   
,apolloni\s1 c4 ,& ?us sci5ce & hi/ory  
jo9 h& 9 h& to expla9 mo/ beautifully & 
conclusively ! greate/ my/]y t ev]      
br\ght two hundr$ millions ( p daily ^u 
_! knees--! apo!osis1 or deification ( !
 man ,*ri/ ,jesus4     ,,*apt] ,,xxxi4  
,,*ri/ianity ,,d]iv$ ,,f ,,hea!n ,,&    
,,ori5tal ,,sy/ems  ,,m ?an tw5ty ?\s&  
s]mons are prea*$ 9 ! ,*ri/ian pulpits1 
on e recurr+ ,sabba?1 to conv9ce ! p t !
 religion & morality taught & practic$  
by ,jesus ,*ri/ 0 ( div9e emanation1 & 0
 nev] be=e taught 9 ! _w1--t 8 sy/em (  
morality 0 )\t a p>allel1 & 8 practical 
life )\t a prec$5t1--t ! doctr9e (      
self-d5ial1 humility1 unselfi%ness1     
b5evol5ce1 & *>ity1--also dev\t piety1  
k9d treatm5t ( enemies1 & love = ! human
 race1 :i* he prea*$ & practic$1 _h nev]

 be=e be5 exemplifi$ 9 ! life & tea*+s (
 any individual or nation4 ,b a ?or\gh  
acqua9tance ) ! hi/ory & moral sy/ems ( 
"s ( ! ori5tal nations1 & ! practical   
lives ( piety & self-d5ial exemplifi$ 9 
_! lead+ m5 long ant]ior to ! bir? (    
,*ri/1 & long be=e ! "n ( ,*ri/ianity 0 
any:]e kn[n1 mu/ conv9ce any unprejudic$
 m9d t su* a claim is )\t f\ndation4 ,& 
to prove x1 we w "h in/itute a critical 
comp>ison betwe5 ,*ri/ianity & "s ( !   
old] sy/ems ) respect to ! ess5tial _s (
 _! tea*+s1 & obs]ve h[ utt]ly unt5able 
& gr\ndless is ! dogmatic assumption :i*
 claims = ! ,*ri/ian religion ei!r any  
orig9ality or any sup]iority4 ,( c\rse  
if _! is no?+ new or orig9al1 !re is    
no?+ sup]ior4  ,we w fir/ arrange       
,*ri/ianity side by side ) ! anci5t     
sy/em kn[n z ,ess5ism--a religion ^:    
orig9 has nev] be5 discov]$1 ?\gh x is  
kn[n t ! ,ess5es exi/$ 9 ! days (       
,jona?an ,maccabeus1 ,b4 ,c4 #aej1 & t  
!y 7 ( ,jewi% orig91 & con/itut$ "o ( ! 
?ree ,jewi% sects 7! o!r two be+        

,ph>isees & ,sadducees74 ,we h b        
fragm5ts ( _! hi/ory z furni%$ by       
,philo1 ,josephus1 ,pl9y1 & _! copyi/s1 
,eusebius1 ,dr4 ,g9sburg1 & o!rs1 on ^: 
au?ority we w proce$ to %[ t ,alex&rian 
& ,judean ,ess5ism 0 id5tically ! same  
sy/em 9 _s & ess5ce z its successor     
,judean ,*ri/ianity2 9 o!r words1       
,judean ,*ri/ianity tea*es ! same       
doctr9es & moral precepts :i* _h be5    
previ\sly inculcat$ by ! disciples ( !  
,ess5ian religion4   ,a ,,p>allel       
,,exhibition ,,( ,,! ,,precepts ,,&     
,,practical ,,lives ,,( ,,*ri/ ,,& ,,!  
,,ess5es4  ,we w cond5se f ,philo1      
,josephus1 & o!r au?ors4  #a4 ,philo    
says1 ,x is our fir/ duty to seek !     
k+dom ( ,god & 8 righte\sness s !       
,ess5es believ$ & taught4  ,scripture   
p>allel4 ,seek fir/ ! k+dom ( ,god1 & 8 
righte\sness1 & all else %all be add$4  
7,matt4 vi4 #cc2 ,luke xii4 #ca47  #b4  
,philo says1 ,!y abjur$ all amusem5ts1  
all elegances1 & all pleasures ( !      
s5ses4  ,scripture p>allel4 ,=sake ! _w 

& ! ?+s !re(4  #c4 ,! ,ess5es say1 ,lay 
up no?+ on e>?1 b fix y\r m9d solely on 
heav54  ,scripture p>allel4 ,lay n up   
treasures on e>?1 c4  #d4 ,! ,ess5es1   
hav+ laid aside all ! anxieties ( life1 
says ,philo1 & leav+ society1 !y make _!
 resid5ce 9 solit>y wilds & 9 g>d5s4    
,scripture p>allel4 ,!y w&]$ 9 des]ts1 &
 9 m\nta9s1 & 9 d5s1 & 9 caves ( ! e>?4 
7,heb4 xi4 #ch47  #e4 ,josephus says1   
,!y nei!r buy nor sell among !mselves1 b
 give ( :at !y h to him t wante?4       
,scripture p>allel4 ,& p>t$ !m 7_!      
goods7 to all m5 z e man _h ne$4 7,acts 
ii4 #de47  #f4 ,eusebius says1 ,ev5 z x 
is relat$ 9 ! ,acts ( ! ,apo/les1 all 7!
 ,esseues7444 7 wont to sell _!         
possessions & _! sub/ance1 & divide     
among all accord+ z any "o _h ne$1 s t  
!re 0 n "o among !m 9 want4  ,scripture 
p>allel4 ,nei!r 0 _! any among !m t     
lack$1 = z _m z 7 possessors ( l&s or   
h\ses sold !m1 & br\ght ! price ( ! ?+s 
t 7 sold1 c4 7,acts iv4 #cd47  #g4      
,eusebius says1 ,= :oev]1 ( ,*ri/'s     

disciples1 7 own]s ( e/ates or h\ses1   
sold !m1 & br\ght ! price !re(1 & laid  
!m at ! apo/les' feet1 & di/ribution 0  
made z e "o _h ne$4 ,s ,philo relates   
?+s exactly simil> ( ! ,ess5es4         
,scripture p>allel4 7,! text above      
quot$47  #h4 ,philo tells u 7says       
,eusebius7 t ! ,ess5es =sook fa!r1 "m1  
bro!rs & si/]s1 h\ses & l&s1 = _!       
religion4  ,scripture p>allel4 ,:osoev] 
=sake? n fa!r & "m1 h\ses & l&s1 c4 _c  
be my disciples4  #i4 ,_! be+ sometimes 
call$ monks 0 ow+ to _! ab/raction f !  
_w1 says ,eusebius4  ,scripture p>allel4
 ,!y are n ( ! _w1 ev5 z ,i am n ( ! _w4
 7,john xvii4 #af47  #aj4 ,& ! "n       
,ascetics 0 appli$ to !m on acc\nt ( _! 
rigid discipl9e1 _! pray]s1 fa/+1       
self-mortification1 c41 z !y made       
!mselves eunu*s4  ,scripture p>allel4   
,!re be eunu*s :i* h made !mselves      
eunu*s = ! k+dom ( heav5's sake4  #aa4  
,!y ma9ta9$ a p]fect community ( goods1 
& an equality ( ext]nal rank4 7,mi*4    
vol4 iv4 p4 #hc47  ,scripture p>allel4  

,:osoev] w be *ief among y1 let him be  
y\r s]vant4 7,matt4 xx4 #bg47  #ab4 ,!  
,ess5es _h all ?+s 9 common1 & appo9t$  
"o ( _! numb] to manage ! common bag4   
7,dr4 ,g9sburg47  ,scripture p>allel ,& 
_h all ?+s 9 common4 7,acts ii4 #dd2 see
 also ,acts iv4 #cb47  #ac4 ,all        
ornam5tal dress !y 7,ess5es7 dete/$4    
7,mi*4 vol4 iv4 p4 #hc47  ,scripture    
p>allel4 ,^: adorn+ let x n be t outw>d 
adorn+ ( plait+ ! hair1 & ( we>+ ( gold1
 & putt+ on ( app>el4 7#a ,pet] iii4    
#c47  #ad4 ,!y w\ld call no man ma/]4   
7,mi*47  ,scripture p>allel4 ,be n call$
 ,rabbi1 = "o is y\r ,ma/]4 7,matt1     
xxiii4 #h47  #ae4 ,!y said ! ,creator   
made all mank9d equal4 7,mi*47          
,scripture p>allel4 ,god ha? made ( "o  
blood all !m t dwell ^u ! e>?4  #af4 ,!y
 r5\nc$ oa?s1 say+1 ,he :o _c be believ$
 )\t swe>+ is condemn$ already4 7,mi*47 
,scripture p>allel4 ,swe> n at all4     
#ag4 ,!y w\ld n eat any?+ :i* _h blood 9
 x1 or meat :i* _h be5 (f]$ to idols4   
,_! food 0 hyssop1 & bread1 & salt2 &   

wat] _! only dr9k4 7,mi*47  ,scripture  
p>allel4 ,t ye ab/a9 f meat (f]$ to     
idols1 & f blood4 7,acts xv4 #bi47  #ah4
 ,take no?+ ) !m1 nei!r meat or dr9k1   
nor any?+ necess>y = ! wants ( ! body4  
,scripture p>allel4 ,take no?+ = y\r    
j\rney2 nei!r /aves nor script2 nei!r   
bread1 nei!r money1 nei!r h two coats   
apiece4  #ai4 ,!y exp\nd$ ! lit]al s5se 
( ! ,holy ,scriptures by allegory4      
,scripture p>allel4 ,:i* ?+s are an     
allegory4 7,gal4 iv4 #bd47  #bj4 ,!y    
abjur$ ! pleasures ( ! body1 n desir+   
mortal (fspr+1 & !y r5\nc$ m>riage1     
believ+ x to be detrim5tal to a holy    
life4 7,mi*47  ,scripture p>allel4 ,x w 
be recollect$ t nei!r ,jesus nor ,paul  
ev] m>ri$1 & t !y disc\rag$ ! m>riage   
relation4 ,*ri/ says1 ,!y t %all be     
c\nt$ wor?y ( t _w & ! resurrection     
nei!r m>ry nor are giv5 9 m>riage4 ,&   
,paul says1 ,! unm>ri$ c>e? = ! ?+s ( ! 
,"l4 7i ,cor4 vii4 #cb47  #ba4 ,!y /rove
 to dis5gage _! m9ds entirely f ! _w4   
,scripture p>allel4 ,if any man love !  

_w1 ! love ( ! ,fa!r is n 9 him4  #bb4  
,devot+ !mselves to ! ,"l1 !y provide n 
= future subsi/5ce4  ,scripture p>allel4
 ,take no ?\ght = ! morr[1 :at ye %all  
eat & dr9k1 c4  #bc4 ,reg>d+ ! body z a 
prison1 !y 7 a%am$ to give x su/5ance4  
7c4 ii4 #ga47  ,scripture p>allel4 ,:o  
%all *ange our vile bodies8 7,phil4 iii4
 #ba47  #bd4 ,!y sp5t ne>ly all _! "t 9 
sil5t m$itation & inw>d pray]4 7c4 ii4  
#ga47  ,scripture p>allel4 ,m5 ought    
always to pray4 7,luke xviii4 #a47 ,pray
 )\t ceas+4 7#a ,!ss4 v4 #ag47  #be4    
,believ+ ! poor 7 ! ,"l's favorites1 !y 
v[$ p]petual *a/ity & pov]ty4 7c4 ii4   
#ga47  ,scripture p>allel4 ,bless$ be ye
 poor4 7,luke vi4 #bj47 ,ha? n ,god *os5
 ! poor8 7,james ii4 #e47  #bf4 ,!y     
devot$ !mselves entirely to             
contemplation 9 div9e ?+s4 7c4 ii4 #ga47
  ,scripture p>allel4 ,m$iate ^u ^!     
7div9e7 ?+s2 give ?yself :olly to !m4   
7#a ,tim4 iv4 #ae47  #bg4 ,!y fa/$ (t51 
sometimes ta/+ food b once 9 ?ree or ev5
 six days4  ,scripture p>allel4 ,*ri/'s 

disciples 7 9 fa/+s (t54 7#b ,cor4 xi4  
#bg2 see also v4 #cd47  #bh4 ,!y (f]$ no
 sacrifices1 believ+ t a s]i\s & dev\t  
s\l 0 mo/ acceptable4 7c4 ii4 #ga47     
,scripture p>allel4 ,!re is no m (f]+ = 
s94 7,heb4 x4 #ah47  #bi4 ,!y believ$ 9 
& practic$ baptiz+ ! dead4 7c4 ii4 #ga47
  ,scripture p>allel4 ,else :at %all !y 
d :i* are baptiz$ = ! dead4 7#a ,cor4   
xv4 #bi47  #cj4 ,!y gave a my/ical s5se 
to ! ,scriptures1 disreg>d+ ! lett]4    
,scripture p>allel4 ,! lett] kille?1 b !
 _s make? alive4 7#a ,cor4 iii4 #f47    
#ca4 ,!y taught by metaphors1 symbols1 &
 p>ables4  ,scripture p>allel4 ,)\t a   
p>able spake he n unto !m4 7,matt4 xiii4
 #cd47  #cb4 ,!y _h _m my/]ies 9 _!     
religion :i* !y 7 sworn to keep secret4 
,scripture p>allel4 ,to y x is giv5 to  
"k ! my/]ies ( ! k+dom2 to !m x is n    
giv54 7,matt xiii4 #aa47 ,great is !    
my/]y ( godl9ess4  #cc4 ,!y _h 9 _!     
*ur*es1 bi%ops1 eld]s1 deacons1 &       
prie/s4  ,scripture p>allel4 ,orda9$    
eld]s 9 e *ur*4 7,acts xiv4 #bc47 ,=    

deacons1 see #a ,tim4 iii4 #a4  #cd4 ,:5
 assembl$ toge!r !y w\ld (t5 s+ psalms4 
,scripture p>allel4 ,tea*+ & admoni%+ "o
 ano!r 9 psalms4 7,col4 iii4 #af47  #ce4
 ,!y heal$ & cur$ ! m9ds & bodies ( ^?  
:o jo9$ !m4  ,scripture p>allel ,heal+  
all mann] ( sickness1 c4 7,matt iv4     
#bc47  #cf4 ,!y practic$ c]ta9 c]emonial
 purifications by wat]4  ,scripture     
p>allel4 ,! accompli%m5t ( ! days (     
purification4 7,acts xxi4 #bf47  #cg4   
,!y assembl$ at ! ,sabba? fe/ivals clo!d
 9 :ite g>m5ts4  ,scripture p>allel     
,%all be clo!d 9 :ite g>m5ts4 7,rev4    
iii4 #d47  #ch4 ,!y disbeliev$ 9 !      
resurrection ( ! ext]nal body4          
,scripture p>allel ,x is s[n a natural  
body1 x is rais$ a spiritual body4 7#a  
,cor4 xv4 #dd47  #ci4 ,pl9y says1 ,!y 7 
! only sort ( m5 :o liv$ )\t money & )\t
 wom54  ,scripture p>allel ,! love (    
money is ! root ( all evil4 7#a ,tim4   
vi4 #aj47 ,*ri/'s disciples travell$ )\t
 money & )\t scrip1 & es*ew ! lu/s ( !  
fle%4  #dj4 ,!y practic$ ! extreme/     

*>ity to ! poor4 7c4 ii4 #ga47          
,scripture p>allel ,be/[ all ?y goods to
 fe$ ! poor4 7#a ,cor4 xiii4 #c47  #da4 
,!y 7 skillful 9 int]pret+ dreams1 & 9  
=etell+ future ev5ts4  ,scripture       
p>allel ,y\r sons & daught]s %all       
prophesy1 & y\r old m5 %all dream       
dreams4 7,acts ii4 #ag47  #db4 ,!y      
believ$ 9 a p>adise1444 & 9 a place (   
nev]-end+ lam5tations4  ,scripture      
p>allel ,life ev]la/+4 7,gal4 viii4 #h47
 ,weep+1 wail+1 & gna%+ ( tee?4 7,matt4 
xiii4 #db47  #dc4 ,!y affirm$1 says     
,josephus1 t ,god =eorda9$ all ! ev5ts (
 human life4  ,scripture p>allel'       
,=eorda9$ be=e ! f\ndation ( ! _w4 7#a  
,pet]47  #dd4 ,!y believ$ 9 ,m$iators   
betwe5 ,god & ! s\ls ( m54  ,scripture  
p>allel4 ,"o ,m$iator betwe5 ,god & m54 
7#a ,tim4 ii4 #e47  #de4 ,!y practic$ ! 
pantomimic repres5tation ( ! dea?1      
burial1 & resurrection ( ,god--,*ri/ !  
,_s4  ,scripture p>allel4 ,) respect to 
! dea?1 burial1 & resurrection ( ,*ri/1 
see #a ,cor4 xv4 #d4  #df4 ,!y inculcat$

 ! =giv5ess ( injuries4  ,scripture     
p>allel4 ,fa!r1 =give !m2 = !y "k n :at 
!y d4 7,luke xxiii4 #cd47  #dg4 ,!y     
totally disapprov$ ( all w>4  ,scripture
 p>allel ,if my k+dom 7 ( ?is _w1 !n    
w\ld my s]vants fight4 7,john xviii4    
#cf47  #dh4 ,!y inculcat$ ob$i5ce to    
magi/rates1 & to ! civil au?orities4    
,scripture p>allel4 ,obey !m :i* h !    
rule ov] y4 7,heb4 xiii4 #ag2 xxvi4     
#fe47  #di4 ,!y retir$ )9 !mselves to   
receive int]ior revelations ( div9e     
tru?4 7c4 ii4 #ga47  ,scripture p>allel4
 ,e "o ( y ha? a revelation4 7#a ,cor4  
xiv4 #bf47  #ej4 ,!y 7 scrupul\s 9      
speak+ ! tru?4  ,scripture p>allel      
,speak+ all ?+s 9 tru?4 7#b ,cor4 vii4  
#ad47  #ea4 ,!y p]=m _m wond]ful        
miracles4  ,scripture p>allel ,_m texts 
tea* u t ,*ri/ & 8 apo/les did ! same4  
#eb4 ,ess5ism put all its memb]s ^u !   
same level1 =bidd+ ! ex]cise ( au?ority 
( "o ov] ano!r4 7,dr4 ,g9sburg47        
,scripture p>allel4 ,*ri/ did ! same4 ,=
 pro(1 see ,matt4 xx4 #be2 ,m>k ix4 #ce4

  #ec4 ,ess5ism laid ! greate/ /ress on 
be+ meek & l[ly 9 _s4 7,dr4 ,g9sburg47  
,scripture p>allel4 ,see ,matt4 v4 #e2  
ix4 #bh4  #ed4 ,! ,ess5es comm5d$ ! poor
 9 _s1 ^? :o hung] & ?ir/ aft]          
righte\sness1 & ! m]ciful1 & ! pure 9   
he>t4 7,dr ,g9sburg47  ,scripture       
p>allel4 ,= pro( t ,*ri/ did ! same1 see
 ,matt4  #ee4 ,! ,ess5es comm5d$ !      
peacemak]s4 7,dr4 ,g9sburg47  ,scripture
 p>allel4 ,bless$ are ! peacemak]s4     
#ef4 ,! ,ess5es decl>$ _! disciples mu/ 
ca/ out evil spirits1 & p]=m miracul\s  
cures1 z signs & pro( ( _! fai?4 7,dr4  
,g9sburg47  ,scripture p>allel4 ,*ri/'s 
disciples 7 to ca/ out devils1 heal !   
sick1 & raise ! dead1 c41 z signs & pro(
 ( _! fai?4 7,m>k xvi4 #ag47  #eg4 ,!y  
sacrific$ ! lu/s ( ! fle% to ga9        
spiritual happ9ess4  ,scripture p>allel4
 ,y ab/a9 f fle%ly lu/s4 7#a ,pet] ii4  
#aa47  #eh4 ,! break+ ( bread 0 a       
v]itable ord9ance among ! ,ess5es4      
,scripture p>allel4 ,he 7,jesus7 took   
bread1 & gave ?anks1 & brake x4 7,luke  

xxii4 #ai47  #ei4 ,! ,ess5es enjo9$ !   
lov+ ( enemies4 7,philo47  ,scripture   
p>allel4 ,s did ,*ri/ say1 ,love y\r    
enemies1 c4  #fj4 ,! ,ess5es enjo9$1    
,do+ unto o!rs z y w\ld h !m d unto y4  
,scripture p>allel' ,! ,confucian gold5 
rule1 z taught by ,*ri/4  ,?is p>allel  
might be ext5d$ mu* fur!r1 b we w proce$
 to pres5t ! read] ) a g5]al description
 ( ,ess5ism1 z furni%$ u by ,philo1     
,josephus1 & "s ,*ri/ian writ]s4 ,philo1
 :o 0 born 9 ,alex&ria #bj ,b4 ,c41 &   
liv$ to #fj ,a4 ,d41 & :o 0 himself an  
,ess5ian ,jew1 9 8 acc\nt ( !m1 says1   
,!y d n lay up treasures ( gold or      
silv]1444 b provide !mselves only ) !   
necessities ( life4 ,paul aft]w>ds1 hav+
 caught ! same _s1 advises ! same c\rse 
( life4 ,hav+ food & raim5t1 !re) be    
cont5t4 ,cont5tm5t ( m9d !y reg>d$ z !  
greate/ ( ri*es4 ,!y make no in/rum5ts (
 w>4 ,!y repudiate e inducem5t to       
covet\sness4 ,none are held z slaves1 b 
all are free1 & s]ve ea* o!r4 ,!y are   
in/ruct$ 9 piety & hol9ess1             

righte\sness1 economy1 c4 ,!y are guid$ 
by a ?reefold rule3 love ( ,god1 love ( 
virtue1 & love ( mank9d4 ,( _! love (   
,god !y give innum]able demon/rations1  
:i* is f\nd 9 _! con/ant & unalt]able   
hol9ess ?r\gh\t ! :ole ( _! lives1 _!   
avoidance ( oa?s & falsehoods1 & _! firm
 belief t ,god is ! s\rce ( all good1 b 
( no?+ evil4 ,( _! love ( virtue !y give
 pro( 9 _! contempt = money1 fame1 &    
pleasures1 _! cont95ce1 easy satisfy+ ( 
_! wants1 _! simplicity1 mode/y1 c4 ,_! 
love ( man is prov$ by _! b5evol5ce &   
equality1 & _! hav+ all ?+s 9 common1   
:i* is beyond all deception4 ,!y rev]5ce
 & take c>e ( ! ag$1 z *ildr5 d _!      
p>5ts4 7,cond5s$ f ,philo's treatise1 ,e
 ,virtu\s ,man is ,free47  ,josephus1   
#cg ,a4 ,d41 & :o 0 also at "o "t a     
memb] ( ! ,ess5ian ,bro!rhood1 furni%es 
ano!r fragm5t>y acc\nt ( ! ,ess5es 9 8  
,jewi% ,w>s1 ( :i* ! foll[+ is !        
sub/ance3--  ,!y love ea* o!r m ?an o!rs
 7t is1 are p>tial to ! h\sehold (      
fai?72 !y despise ri*es1 & h all ?+s 9  

common1 s t !re is nei!r abjectness (   
pov]ty nor di/9ction ( ri*es among !m2  
!y *ange nei!r g>m5ts nor %oes till !y  
are worn out or become unfit = use2 !y  
nei!r buy nor sell among !mselves2 _!   
piety is extraord9>y2 !y nev] speak ab\t
 wordly matt]s be=e sunrise2 !y are girt
 ab\t ) a l95 apron1 & h a baptism (    
cold wat]2 !y eat b "o k9d ( a food at a
 "t1 & comm5ce ) a pray]1 & ! prie/ mu/ 
say grace be=e any "o eats 7t is1 breaks
 & blesses z ,*ri/ did72 !y also return 
?anks aft] eat+1 & !n put (f _! :ite    
g>m5ts2 /rang]s 7 made welcome at _!    
tables )\t money & )\t price2 !y give   
food to ! hungry & ! ne$y & %[ m]cy to  
all2 !y curb _! passions1 re/ra9 _!     
ang]1 & claim to be m9i/]s ( peace2 an  
oa? !y reg>d z worse ?an p]jury2 !y     
excommunicate (f5d]s 7',g tell x to !   
*ur*es1 says ,*ri/72 !y condemn f9]y 9  
dress2 ?\gh condemn+ 9 mo/ solemn t]ms  
oa?s1 memb]s 7 admitt$ to ! secret      
bro!rhood by an oa? 7',see ?\ tell no   
man1' said ,*ri/72 !y endur$ pa9 ) h]oic

 =titude1 & reg>d$ an honorable dea? z  
bett] ?an long life2 !y read & /udy _!  
,holy ,scriptures f y\?1 (t5 prophesy1 &
 x 0 v seldom !y fail$ 9 _! pr$ictions4 
,dr4 ,g9burg's te/imony1 abridg$1 is z  
foll[s3--  ,! ,ess5es _h a high         
appreciations ( ! inspir$ law ( ,god4 ,!
 highe/ aim ( _! lives 0 to become fit  
temples ( ! ,holy ,gho/ 7see i ,cor4 vi4
 #ai72 also to p]=m miracul\s cures1 &  
to be spiritually qualifi$ = =]unn]s ( !
 ,messiah4 ,!y taught ! duty ( mortify+ 
! fle% & ! lu/s !re(1 & to become meek &
 l[ly 9 _s2 !y answ]$ by yea1 yea1 &    
nay1 nay 7see ,matt471 scrupul\sly      
avoid+ oa?s2 !y avoid$ impure contact ) 
! hea!n & ! _w's p1 & liv$ retir$ f !   
_w1 be+ 9 numb]s ab\t f\r ?\s&2 !y /rove
 to be l ! angels ( heav52 !re 7 no ri* 
& poor1 or ma/]s & s]vants1 among/ !m2  
!y liv$ peaceably ) all m52 a my/]i\s   
sil5ce 0 obs]v$ :ile eat+2 a solemn oa? 
0 requir$ on becom+ a memb] ( ! secret  
ord]1 :i* requir$ ?ree ?+s3  #a4 ,love (
 ,god2  #b4 ,m]ciful ju/ice to all m51 &

 to avoid ! wick$1 & help ! righte\s2   
#c4 ,purity ( "*1 :i* impli$ love (     
tru?1 hatr$ ( falsehood1 & /rict        
obs]vance ( '! my/]ies ( godl9ess' to   
outsid]s--t is1 'hea!n & publicans2' !y 
endur$ suff]+ = righte\sness' sake1 )   
rejoic+s1 & ev5 s\ght x2 reg>d+ ! body z
 a prison = ! s\l1 !y desir$ ! "t to    
come to escape f x2 !y recogniz$ eight  
diff]5t /ages ( spiritual gr[? &        
p]fection3 #a4 ,bodily purity2 #b4      
,celibacy2 #c4 ,spiritual purity2 #d4 ,!
 suppression ( ang] & malice1 & !       
cultivation ( a meek1 l[ly _s2 #e4 ,!   
atta9m5t ( true hol9ess2 #f4 ,becom+ fit
 temples = ! ,holy ,gho/2 #g4 ,! ability
 to p]=m miracul\s cures1 & raise !     
dead2 #h4 ,becom+ =]unn]s ( ! ,messiah2 
& f9ally !y took a solemn v[ to ex]cise1
 piety t[>d ,god & ju/ice t[>d all m51  
to hate ! wick$1 assi/ ! good to keep   
cle> ( !ft & unrighte\s ga9s1 to conceal
 none ( _! 'my/]ies ( godl9ess' f ea*   
o!r1 or disclose !m to o!rs4 ',great is 
! my/]y ( godl9ess' 7',see ?\ tell no   

man'72 !y 7 to walk humbly ) ,god1 %un  
bad society1 =give _! enemies1 sacrifice
 _! passions1 & crucify ! lu/s ( ! fle%2
 !y disreg>d$ bodily suff]+1 & ev5      
glori$ 9 m>tyrdom1 prea*+ & s++ to ,god 
amid _! suff]+s2 b 9 _! dome/ic habits  
!y 7 extremely fil?y2 !y wore _! clo!s  
until !y became ragg$1 fil?y1 & (f5sive1
 nev] *ang+ !m till !y 7 wore out2 _!   
food consi/$ ( bread & wat]1 & wild     
roots & fruits ( ! palm tree2 !y enjo9$ 
_! duty1 n only ( =giv+ _! enemies1 b ( 
seek+ to b5efit !m1 & ( ev5 bless+ !    
de/roy] :o took life & prop]ty4 ,su* 0 !
 religion1 su* ! moral sy/em1 su* !     
dev\t piety1 & su* ! practical lives ( !
 ,ess5ian ,jews1 a religi\s sect :i*    
fl\ri%$ 9 ,alex&ria & ,judea sev]al     
hundr$ ye>s be=e ! bir? ( ,*ri/1 & w5t  
out ( hi/ory ! h\r ,*ri/ianity came 94  
,n[1 z ! =ego+ exposition %[s t ,ess5ism
 & ,*ri/ianity are mo/ /rik+ly alike 9  
all _! ess5tial features1 t ! =m] sy/em 
conta9s ne>ly e important doctr9e &     
precept ( ! ,*ri/ian religion1 ! "q     

occurs "h z "o ( mom5t\s import1 h[ is  
?is /rik+ resemblance1 ?is id5tity ( "* 
( ! two religions1 to be acc\nt$ =8     
,does x n g f> t[>d prov+ t ,*ri/ianity 
is an outgr[?1 a legitimate (fspr+1 (   
,judean ,ess5ism8 ,inde$1 are we n      
absolutely driv5 to su* a conclusion8   
,let u briefly recite "s ( ! important  
facts br\ght to light by ! inve/igation 
( ! "* & hi/ory ( ^! two religions1 &   
see if ^? facts d n br+ !m toge!r & weld
 !m z "o sy/em--z "o & ! same religion4 
#a4 ,bo? are alike1 & ,ess5ism is mu* ! 
old] sy/em4  #b4 ,bo? religions are an  
outgr[? ( ,judaism4  #c4 ,bo? 7 kn[n &  
taught 9 ,judea & 9 ,alex&ria4  #d4     
,josephus liv+ 9 ,judea1 & ,philo 9     
,alex&ria1 nei!r ( !m speaks (          
,*ri/ianity1 or ref]s to any su*        
religion by t "n1 & yet bo? describe a  
religion inculcat+ ! same doctr9es &    
moral precepts1 :i* !y call ,ess5ism4   
,is n ?is v ne>ly conclusive pro( t     
,ess5ism 0 only ano!r "n =              
,*ri/ianity--t x _h n yet *ang$ its "n  

to ,*ri/ianity8 ,t fam\s /&>d au?or1    
,mr4 ,gibbon1 0 evid5tly ( ?is op9ion :5
 he said1 ,:e!r1 inde$1 ! fir/ ( t sect 
7! ,ess5es7 took ! "n ( ,*ri/ian :5 !   
appellation ( ,*ri/ian _h z yet be5     
n[h]e ann\nc$1 x is by no means necess>y
 to discuss4 7,book ,,ii4 *ap4 xvi47 ,"h
 is evid5ce t ,gibbon believ$ t !       
,ess5es1 aft] hav+ borne t "n =         
c5turies1 *ang$ ! appellation to        
,*ri/ian4 ,& we f9d /ill /rong] language
 ?an ?is 9 ! writ+s ( ! same au?or      
expressive ( ?is op9ion4 ,9 a note to   
*apt] xv4 he says1 ,x is probable t !   
,!rapeuts 7,ess5es7 *ang$ _! "n to      
,*ri/ians1 z "s writ]s affirm1 & adopt$ 
"s new articles ( fai?4 ,"h ! position  
is assum$ t ! ,*ri/ian religion is an   
outgr[? ( ,ess5ism1 t is1 m]ely a       
cont9uation ( t religion "u a *ange (   
"n1 ) a slight modification ( its cre$4 
#e4 ,& !n we h ! decl>ation ( ,*ri/ian  
writ]s1 express$ 9 ! mo/ positive t]ms1 
t ,ess5ism & ,*ri/ianity 7 ! same       
religion1 ! =m] "n be+ us$ at an e>li]  

p]iod4 ,he> ,eusebius1 a /&>d           
ecclesia/ical writ] ( ! f\r? c5tury4 ,he
 ass]ts positively1 ,^? anci5t ,!rapeuts
 7,ess5es7 7 ,*ri/ians1 & _! anci5t     
writ+s 7 our gospels4 7,eccl4 ,hi/4 p4  
#fc47 ,h>k6 ,h>k6 my good ,*ri/ian      
read]1 "h is "o ( y\r own sworn         
witnessess te/ify+ t ! ,ess5es orig9at$ 
& e/abli%$ ! ,*ri/ian religion2 i4 e41 !
 religion n[ kn[n by t "n4 ,w y !n give 
x up8 ,if n1 we h o!r te/imony ( a      
simil> "*1 r5d]+ ! proposition /ill     
/rong]4 ,rob]t ,taylor decl>es1 ,! le>n$
 ,basnage has %[n t ! ,ess5es 7 really  
,*ri/ians c5turies be=e ,*ri/1 & t !y 7 
actually 9 possession ( ^? v writ+s :i* 
are n[ our ,gospels & ,epi/les4 7p4     
#ha47 ,& !n we h ! decl>ation ( ! au?or 
( ,*ri/ ! ,_s 7p4 no71 t ! ,*ri/ians 7 !
 lat] ,ess5es--t is1 ! ,ess5es ( ! "t ( 
,eusebius "u a *ang$ "n1 t "n hav+ be5  
made at ,antio*1 :]e ! disciples 7 fir/ 
call$ ,*ri/ian4 ,! same writ] sugge/s t 
_! sacr$ books are our sacr$ books4 ,we 
w n[ he> ,eusebius aga93 ,x is highly   

probable t _! 7! ,ess5es'7 anci5t       
comm5t>ies1 :i* ,philo says ! ,ess5es h1
 are ! v ,gospels & writ+s ( ! ,apo/les4
  ,bas$ ^u ?is conclusion1 he calls !   
,ess5es ! fir/ h]alds ( ! gospel4 ,i f9d
 x1 !re=e1 mo/ probable1 says ,mr4      
,weilt+1 t ,jesus & ,john belong$       
lit]ally to ! society ( ! ,ess5es4 ,& !n
 ! ,new ,am]ican ,encyclop$ia furni%es u
 ) ! te/imony ( a v able ,engli% au?or (
 ! la/ c5tury 7,de ,qu9cy71 :o concurs )
 all ! writ]s cit$ above4 ,mr4 ,de      
,qu9cy 7x says7 id5tifi$ ! ,ess5es z be+
 ! e>ly ,*ri/ians2 i4 e41 ! e>ly        
,*ri/ians 7 kn[n z ,ess5es4 ,su*        
te/imony1 com+ f su* a s\rce1 is entitl$
 to mu* weight4 7,vol4 i4 p4 #aeg47 ,&  
to ! same effect is ! te/imony ( ,bi%op 
,m>%1 :o admits t our ,gospels 7 drawn f
 ^? ( ! ,ess5es4 7,see 8 edition (      
,mi*aelis' translation ( ! ,new         
,te/am5t47  ,?us f> hi/orical writ]s4   
,we w n[ lay be=e ! read] "s hi/orical  
facts1 fraught ) unansw]able logical    
pot5cy1 & po9t+ to ! same conclusion4 ,x

 is a fact1 & "o ( deep logical import1 
& t5d+ to corroborate ! conclusion ( "s 
( ! writ]s cit$ above1 :o tell u !      
,*ri/ian ,gospels 7 fir/ compos$ by !   
,ess5es2 t ! language 9 :i* ^? ,gospels 
7 orig9ally writt5 0 ,greek1 ! language 
9 :i* ! ,alex&rian ,ess5es always wrote1
 :ile ! evangelical writ]s1 ,mat!w1     
,m>k1 ,luke1 & ,john1 be+ illit]ate     
fi%]m51 c\ld h _h no k ( any b ! ,jewi%1
 _! own "m-tongue1--at lea/ x is        
susceptible ( satisfactory pro( t !y    
nev] wrote 9 any o!r language4 ,h5ce !  
conclusion is irresi/ible t !y 7 n !    
orig9al au?ors ( ! ,gospels4  ,! works (
 sev]al au?ors are n[ ly+ at our elb[1  
:o express ! conviction unequivocally t 
! ,gospels 7 copi$1 if n translat$1 f   
old] writ+s4 ,mr4 ,le ,cl]c1 "o ( !     
able/ writ]s ( 8 "t1 ma9ta9$ ?is        
position1 & did x ably4 ,ano!r writ]1 a 
,mr4 ,hatfield1 0 aw>d$ a prize 9 #agic1
 by ! !ological faculty ( ,gott+51 = an 
essay1 9 :i* ! position 0 ably argu$ t  
,mat!w1 ,m>k1 ,luke1 & ,john 7 n !      

au?ors ( ! books :i* be> _! names1 b 7  
m]e copyi/s4 ,dr4 ,less+ & o!rs concur )
 him 9 ?is conclusion4 ,a circum/ance   
confirm+ ?is v]dict is f\nd 9 ! fact t !
 ^w *ur* occurs 9 our ,gospels1 :i* 7   
writt5 be=e su* an in/itution 0 e/abli%$
 by ^? :o 7 !n call$ ,*ri/ians4  ,g tell
 x to ! *ur* 7,matt1 xviii4 #ag7 0 utt]$
 be=e any /eps _h be5 tak5 by ! !n      
repres5tatives ( ! ,*ri/ian fai? to     
organize su* a body--an evid5ce ?is1 t  
he allud$ to ! *ur* ( ! ,ess5es1 z !re 7
 no o!r *ur*es 9 exi/5ce at ! "t2 :i*   
leaves ! inf]5ce pat5t & irresi/ible t  
he & 8 disciples 7 ,ess5es1 p]haps !n "u
 ! *ang$ "n ( ,*ri/ians4 ,c5turies prior
 to t era ! ,ess5es _h n only *ur*es1 b 
_! :ole ecclesia/ical nom5clature (     
bi%ops1 deacons1 eld]s1 prie/s1         
disciples1 scriptures1 gospels1 epi/les1
 psalms1 hymns1 my/]y1 allegory1 c4 ,if 
,*ri/ianity 0 re-e/abli%$ 9 ! days (    
,*ri/ & 8 apo/les1 !y _h no?+ to        
orig9ate1 ei!r ) respect to doctr9es1   
precepts1 *ur* polity1 or ecclesia/ical 

t]ms--all be+ e/abli%$ = !m c5turies    
be=e t era4 ,) ^! facts 9 view1 x seems 
impossible t ! two religi\s             
ord]s--,ess5es & ,*ri/ians--c\ld h be5 9
 exi/5ce at ! same "t z sep>ate         
in/itutions4 ,! =m] mu/ h end$ :5 !     
latt] comm5c$4  ,josephus says1 !       
,ess5es 7 scatt]$ f> & wide1 & 7 9 e    
city1 be+ q num]\s 9 ,judea 9 8 "t4 ,b  
he makes no ref]5ce to any sect or      
religi\s ord] by ! title ( ,*ri/ian--a  
/rong inf]5tial evid5ce1 ^u s\nd priori 
reason+1 t ,*ri/ianity z yet 0 sail+ "u 
ano!r "n4 ,josephus mu/ h kn[n & nam$ ! 
fact1 _h !re be5 a ,*ri/ian sect or     
disciple !re be>+ t "n4 ,impossible     
o!rwise4 ,we are !n 7^u ! logical =ce ( 
^! & _m o!r facts7 driv5 to ! conclusion
 t ,*ri/ianity began :5 ,ess5ism end$1 &
 ! *ange 0 only 9 "n4 ,i *all5ge ! :ole 
,*ri/ian _w to f9d ! hi/orical pro( t   
,*ri/ianity comm5c$ "o h\r be=e !       
t]m9ation ( ,ess5ism1 or ( ,ess5ism     
ov]lapp+ ! ,*ri/ian religion s f> z to  
survive "o day beyond or aft] its bir?4 

,i w confront !m ) ! logic ( dates1 &   
defy !m to f9d any pro( except _! own   
unau?oriz$1 unau!nticat$1 & fictiti\s   
*ronology1 t a ,*ri/ian 0 ev] kn[n 9 any
 c\ntry by t "n prior to ! "t (         
,tacitus1 #ajd ,a4,d41 :o is ! fir/ ( ! 
?ree hundr$ writ]s ( t era t makes any  
m5tion ( ,*ri/ianity1 ,*ri/1 or a       
,*ri/ian4 ,?is 0 long aft] ,josephus'   
"t1 :i* acc\nts mo/ satisfactory = 8    
omitt+ any allusion to ,*ri/ or         
,*ri/ianity4 ,t religion _h n yet dropp$
 ! "n ( ,ess5ism & adopt$ t (           
,*ri/ianity4  ,n[1 h>d inde$ mu/ di/ort$
 reason fight ! ramp>ts ( logic & hi/ory
 to resi/ ! conviction1 9 view ( ! =ego+
 facts1 t ,*ri/ianity is simply an      
outcropp+ ( ,ess5ism1 ei!r direct or    
?r\gh ,budhism4 ,& ev5 if x 7 possible  
to prove t ! two religions nev] became  
weld$ toge!r1 yet x is n possible to    
disprove ! /rik+ id5tity ( _! doctr9es1 
& ! _s ( _! precepts1 & ! practical     
lives ( _! disciples4 ,& ?is id5tity1   
c\pl$ ) ! fact t ,ess5ism is ! old]     

sy/em1 is ( itself mo/ sup]latively     
fatal to all pret5sion or claim to      
orig9ality = ! doctr9es ( ! ,*ri/ian    
fai?4  ,x is a matt] ( no importance    
:e!r ,*ri/ianity 0 orig9ally kn[n by    
ano!r "n1 s long z x c be %[n t its     
doctr9es _h all be5 prea*$ & proclaim$  
to ! _w c5turies prior to ! date assign$
 = its orig94 ,& ?is is prov$ by ! long 
li/ ( p>alellisms pres5t$ 9 ! incipi5t  
pages ( ?is *apt]4 ,& ?is pro( explodes 
! pret5sions ( ,*ri/ianity to an orig9al
 div9e revelation1 & br+s x d[n to a    
level ) pagan ori5talism4 ,& ! fact t x 
sprang up 9 a c\ntry :]e its doctr9e _h 
long be5 taught by pagans & ori5tali/s1 
mu/ produce ! conviction1 deep &        
indelible1 9 all unbias$ m9ds1 t        
ori5talism 0 ! "m & hea!nism ! fa!r ( ! 
,*ri/ian religion1 ev5 9 ! abs5ce ( any 
o!r pro(4 ,9 fact1 no o!r pro( c be     
ne$$4  ,& :at are ! argum5ts1 x may be  
well "h to inquire1 ) :i* or?odox       
,*ri/ians attempt to meet1 combat1 &    
vanqui% ! ov]:elm+ mass ( hi/orical     

facts & hi/orical te/imonies we h       
pres5t$ 9 prec$+ pages1 t5d+ to prove & 
demon/rate ! ori5tal orig9 ( _! religion
 & its id5tity ) ,ess5ism8 ,_! :ole     
argum5t is compris$ 9 ! nak$ po/ulate ( 
! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,paideaux1 ,d4 ,d41 t !    
,ess5es did n believe 9 ! resurrection (
 ! physical body 7b believ$ 9 a         
spiritual resurrection71 & omit f _!    
cre$ ! ,tr9ity & ,inc>nation doctr9e1 & 
!re=e !y c\ld n h be5 ! orig9ators ( !  
,*ri/ian religion2 b ?is argum5t is z   
easily demoli%$ z a cobweb1 z ! foll[+  
facts w prove3--  #a4 ,we h b a fragm5t 
( ! ,ess5ian religion1--b "o end ( _!   
cre$1--m]e scraps furni%$ u by ,philo1  
,josephus1 & ,pl9y4 ,we h none ( _!     
sacr$ books ap>t f ! ,*ri/ian ,new      
,te/am5t4  #b4 ,!y _h secret books1 z we
 h %[n1 9 :i* doctr9es 7 taught :i* !y  
reg>d$ z too sacr$ to be ?r[n be=e !    
public1 z pe>ls be=e sw9e4 ,& no        
doctr9es 7 reg>d$ z m sacr$ or secret 9 
t age ?an ! doctr9es ( ! ,tr9ity &      
,inc>nation4 ,*ri/'s injunction1 ,see ?\

 tell no man1 0 probably _! motto1 :i*  
prev5t$ ! publicity ( a portion ( _!    
doctr9es4 ,& z _! sacr$ books1 conta9+  
_! doctr9es1 p]i%$ ) ! ext9ction ( !    
sect 7except ^? n[ f\nd 9 ! ,*ri/ian    
,new ,te/am5t71 a full k ( _! doctr9es1 
!re=e1 nev] rea*$ ! public m9d4 ,all    
religi\s sects _h secret doctr9es1      
designat$ z ,my/]ies ( ,godl9ess1       
includ+ ! pr9cipal ,jewi% sects & !     
e>lie/ ,*ri/ian *ur*es4 ,x is1 !re=e1   
highly probable t if we 7 9 possession (
 all _! sacr$ books1 we w\ld be 9       
possession ( ! pro( t !y believ$ &      
taught 9 _! mona/]ies ! doctr9es above  
nam$4 ,b we are n left to m]e inf]5ce t 
! ,ess5es' cre$ did include ! doctr9es (
 ! ,tr9ity & ! ,div9e ,inc>nation4 ,we  
f9d skeletons ( ^! doctr9es scatt]$     
along ! l9e ( _! hi/ory4 ,philo himself1
 an ,ess5e tea*]1 mo/ di/9ctly tea*es ! 
doctr9e ( ! ,inc>nation ( ! ,div9e ,^w  
or ,logos4 ,& ,son ( ,god1 ,m$iator1    
,int]cessor1 & ,messiah1 7 famili> words
 ) him4 ,! idea (t5 reappe>s 9 8 writ+s1

 t ! ,^w c\ld become fle%2 t ! ,son (   
,god c\ld appe> z a p]sonality1 & return
 to ! bosom ( ! ,fa!r4 ,moreov]1 "o     
writ] in=ms u t ! ,ess5es celebrat$ !   
bir? & dea? ( a ,div9e ,savior z a      
,my/]y ( ,godl9ess4 ,& !y claim$ 9 _!   
e>li] hi/ory to be =]unn]s ( !          
,messiah--a claim :i* w\ld soon br+ a   
,messiah be=e ! _w1 t is1 lead !m to    
deify & wor%ip "s great man z ,!        
,messia4  ,z = ! doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity1 we
 h ! au?ority ( ,eusebius t !y taught   
?is doctr9e too4 ,s t x is n true t !y  
did n recognize ^! two prime articles ( 
! ,*ri/ian fai?1 ! ,inc>nation & ,tr9ity
 doctr9es4 ,"s mod]n ,*ri/ians ass]t t !
 ,ess5es n only omitt$ to tea* ^!       
doctr9es1 b t1 on ! o!r h&1 !y taught   
o!r doctr9es n taught 9 ! ,*ri/ian ,new 
,te/am5t4 ,?is is n improbable4 ,= !    
,*ri/ian religion has be5 *>act]iz$ by  
frequ5t *anges 9 its doctr9es 9 e /age (
 its practical hi/ory1 z 0 also ! ,jewi%
 religion :i* prec$$ x1 & f :i* x       
emanat$4 ,judaism is a p]petual s]ies ( 

*anges4 ,x *ang$ ev5 ! "n ( its ,god f  
,elohim to ,jehovah4 ,its lead] & f\nd] 
,abram 0 *ang$ to ,abraham1 & 8 gr&son &
 successor f ,jacob to ,israel4 ,& we h 
! works ( _m ,*ri/ian writ]s 9 our      
possession :o prove by _! own bible t ! 
,jews made _m *anges 9 _! religi\s      
polity & religi\s doctr9es4 ,?is is m   
especially obs]vable :5 !y came 9       
contact ) nations tea*+ a diff]5t       
religion4 ,_! :ole hi/ory %[s !y 7 prone
 to imitate1 & borr[1 & always did borr[
 on su* occasions1 & engraft ! new      
doctr9es ?us obta9$ into _! own cre$1 & 
?us effect$ important *anges 9 _!       
religion4 ,we h ! au?ority ( ,dr4       
,campbell = say+ ! ,jews nev] believ$ & 
taught ! doctr9e ( future puni%m5t 7&   
o!r doctr9es t might be nam$7 till aft] 
!y 7 br\ght 9 contact ) ,p]sians 9      
,babylon :o _h long taught ^! doctr9es4 
7,see ,diss]tation ,,vi4 7 ,& ,dr4      
,enfield decl>es _! !ological op9ions   
und]w5t ?or\gh *anges dur+ ?is p]iod (  
sev5ty ye>s' captivity4 ,ev5 _! national

 title 0 *ang$ at "o p]iod f ,israelites
 to ,jews4 ,) all ^! *anges ( names1    
titles1 & doctr9es 9 view1 x is n       
incr$ible t "o ( ! ,jewi% sects %\ld    
*ange its "n f ,ess5es to ,*ri/ians1 & )
 ?is *ange modify "s ( ! doctr9es4 ,& m 
especially z _! title1 accord+ to ,dr4  
,g9sburg1 _h be5 *ang$ be=e f ,*assidim 
to ,ess5es4 ,& ,philo at "o p]iod calls 
!m ,!rapeuts1 :ile ,eusebius says !     
,!rapeuts 7 ,*ri/ians4 ,put ?is & t     
toge!r1 & ! "q is =ev] settl$4  ,n[1 )  
all ?is ov]:elm+ mass ( hi/orical       
evid5ce be=e u1 pil$ m\nta9 high1 t5d+  
to prove ! tru? ( ! proposition t       
,*ri/ianity is ! (fspr+ & outgr[? (     
anci5t ,judean ,ess5ism1 we feel c]ta9 t
 no sophi/ry1 f int]e/$ *>latans or     
/]eotyp$ cre$ wor%ip]s1 c /ave (f or    
oblit]ate ! conviction 9 unprejudic$    
m9ds1 t ! proposition is mo/ amply      
prov54  ,we w n[ collate ,*ri/ianity )  
ano!r anci5t religi\s sy/em1 :i* we are 
c]ta9 x w n be disput$1 aft] ! comp>ison
 is critically exam9$1 conta9s ! sum    

total ( ! doctr9es & tea*+s (           
,*ri/ianity 9 all _! details4           
,,*apt] ,,xxxii4 ,,?ree ,,hundr$ ,,&    
,,=ty-,,six ,,/rik+ ,,analogies ,,betwe5
 ,,*ri/ ,,& ,,*ri%na   ,i4 ,,_!         
,,miracul\s ,,hi/ory ,,& ,,lead+        
,,pr9ciples4  #a4 ,! adv5t ( ea* ,savior
 0 miracul\sly =etold by prophets4  #b4 
,! fall5 & deg5]ate condition ( ! human 
race is taught 9 ! religion ( ea*4  #c4 
,a plan ( re/oration or salvation is    
provid$ = 9 ea* case4  #d4 ,a div9e     
,savior is consid]$ necess>y 9 bo?      
cases4  #e4 ,! necessity ( aton+ = s9 is
 taught 9 ! religion ( ea*4  #f4 ,a     
,god1 or ,son ( ,god1 is select$ z !    
victim = ! aton+ sacrifice 9 ea* case4  
#g4 ,?is ,god is s5t d[n f heav5 9 ea*  
case 9 ! =m ( a man4  #h4 ,! ,god or    
,savior 9 ea* case is ! second p]son ( !
 ,tr9ity4  #i4 ,*ri%na1 z well z ,*ri/1 
0 held to be really ,god inc>nate4  #aj4
 ,! mission ( ea* ,savior is ! same4    
#aa4 ,!re is a resemblance 9 "n-,*ri%na 
& ,*ri/4  #ab4 ,*ri%na1 z well z ,*ri/1 

0 inc>nat$ & born ( a woman4  #ac4 ,! "m
 9 ea* case 0 a holy virg94  #ad4 ,!    
same peculi>ities ( a miracul\s         
conception & bir? are relat$ ( ea*4     
#ae4 ,ea* _h an adopt$ e>?ly fa!r4  #af4
 ,! fa!r ( ,*ri%na1 z well z t ( ,*ri/1 
0 a c>p5t]4  #ag4 ,god is claim$ z !    
real fa!r 9 bo? cases4  #ah4 ,a ,_s or  
,gho/ 0 ! au?or ( ! conception ( ea*4   
#ai4 ,!re 0 rejoic+ on e>? :5 ea*       
,savior 0 born4  #bj4 ,!re 0 also joy 9 
heav5 at ! bir? & adv5t ( ea*4  #ba4    
,*ri%na1 z well z ,*ri/1 0 ( royal      
desc5t4  #bb4 ,_! mo!rs 7 bo? reput$ly  
pi\s wom54  #bc4 ,! names ( two mo!rs   
are some:at simil>--,m>y & ,maia4  #bd4 
,ea* _h a special female                
fri5d--,elizabe? 9 ! "o case1 & ! wife (
 ,n&a 9 ! o!r4  #be4 ,nei!r ,savior 0   
born 9 a h\se1 b bo? 9 obscure          
situations4  #bf4 ,bo? 7 born on ! #be? 
( ,decemb]4  #bg4 ,bo?1 at bir?1 7      
visit$ by wise m5 & %ep>ds4  #bh4 ,!    
visitors conduct$ by a /> 9 ea* case4   
#bi4 ,! rite ( purification obs]v$ by ! 

mo!rs ( ea*4  #cj4 ,an angel w>n+ (     
imp5d+ dang] 9 ea* case4  #ca4 ,!       
incumb5t rul] 0 ho/ile 9 ea* case4  #cb4
 ,a bloody decree 9 ea* case = !        
de/ruction ( ! infant ,savior4  #cc4 ,a 
flight ( ! p>5ts takes place 9 bo?      
cases4  #cd4 ,! p>5ts ( "o soj\rn$ at   
,muturea1 ! o!r at ,ma?ura4  #ce4 ,ea*  
,savior _h a =]unn]--,john ! ,bapti/ 9  
"o case1 ,bali ,rama 9 ! o!r4  #cf4 ,bo?
 7 pret]naturally sm>t 9 *ildhood4  #cg4
 ,ea* disput$ ) & vanqui%$ le>n$        
oppon5ts4  #ch4 ,bo? became objects (   
se>* by _! p>5ts4  #ci4 ,& bo? occasion$
 anxiety1 if n sorr[1 to _! p>5ts4  #dj4
 ,! "m ( ea* _h o!r *ildr5--t is *ildr5 
begott5 by man z well z ,god4  #da4 ,bo?
 ,saviors retir$ to1 & sp5t consid]able 
"t 9 ! wild]ness4  #db4 ,! religi\s rite
 ( fa/+ 0 practic$ by ea* ,savior4  #dc4
 ,ea* deliv]$ a notewor?y s]mon1 or     
s]ies ( moral lessons4  #dd4 ,*ri%na1 z 
well z ,*ri/1 0 call$ & consid]$ ,god4  
#de4 ,ea* 0 bo? ,god & ! ,son ( ,god 7s 
reg>d$74  #df4 ,savior 0 "o ( ! div9e   

titles ( ea*4  #dg4 ,ea* 0 designat$ !  
,savior ( man1 ! ,savior ( ! _w1 c4     
#dh4 ,bo? express$ a desire to save all4
  #di4 ,ea* su/a9$ ! "* ( a ,messiah4   
#ej4 ,*ri%na1 z well z ,*ri/1 0 a       
,r$eem]4  #ea4 ,ea* ,savior 0 call$     
,%ep>d4  #eb4 ,bo? 7 believ$ to be !    
,creator ( ! _w4  #ec4 ,ea* is sometimes
 spok5 (1 also1 z only an ag5t 9 !      
creation4  #ed4 ,bo? 7 ! ,light & ,life 
( m54  #ee4 ,ea* br\ght life &          
immortality to light4  #ef4 ,bo? are    
repres5t$ z ! se$ ( ! woman bruis+ !    
s]p5t's head4  #eg4 ,0 ,*ri/ a ,disp5s] 
( grace1 s 0 ! ,h9doo ,savior4  #eh4 ,"o
 0 ! lion ( ! tribe ( ,judah1 ! o!r !   
lion ( ! tribe ( ,saki4  #ei4 ,*ri/ 0 ! 
,beg9n+ ( ! ,end1 ,*ri%na ! ,beg9n+1 !  
,middle1 & ! ,end4  #fj4 ,bo? proclaim$1
 ,i am ! ,resurrection4  #fa4 ,ea* 0 !  
way to ! ,fa!r4  #fb4 ,bo? repres5t$    
emblematically ! ,sun ( ,righte\sness4  
#fc4 ,ea* is figuratively repres5t$ z   
be+ all 9 all4  #fd4 ,bo? speak ( hav+  
exi/$ prior to human bir?4  #fe4 ,a dual

 exi/5ce--an exi/5ce 9 bo? heav5 & e>?  
at once--is claim$ by or = bo?4  #ff4   
,*ri%na1 z well z ,*ri/1 0 )\t s94  #fg4
 ,bo? assum$ ! div9e pr]ogative ( =giv+ 
s9s4  #fh4 ,! mission ( ea* 0 to deliv] 
f s94  #fi4 ,bo? came to de/roy ! devil 
& 8 works4  #gj4 ,! doctr9e ( ! atonem5t
 is practically realiz$ 9 ea* case4     
#ga4 ,ea* made a volunt>y (f]+ = ! s9s (
 ! _w4  #gb4 ,bo? 7 human z well z      
div9e4  #gc4 ,*ri%na1 z well z ,*ri/1 0 
wor%ip$ z ,god absolute4  #gd4 ,ea* 0   
reg>d$ z ! ,"l f ,heav54  #ge4 ,*ri%na1 
z well z ,*ri/1 _h appli$ to him all !  
attributes ( ,god4  #gf4 ,0 ,*ri/       
omnisci5t1 s 0 ,*ri%na4  #gg4 ,0 "o     
omnipot5t1 s 0 ! o!r 7s believ$74  #gh4 
,& bo? are repres5t$ z be+ omnipres5t4  
#gi4 ,ea* 0 believ$ to be div9ely       
p]fect4  #hj4 ,0 "o ,"l ( lords1 s 0 !  
o!r4  #ha4 ,ea* embodi$ ! p[] & wisdom (
 ,god4  #hb4 ,all p[] 0 committ$ unto   
ea* 7s claim$74  #hc4 ,*ri%na p]=m$ _m  
miracles z well z ,*ri/4  #hd4 ,"o ( !  
fir/ miracles ( ea* 0 ! cure ( a lep]4  

#he4 ,ea* heal$ all mann] ( diseases4   
#hf4 ,! "w ( ca/+ out devils con/itutes 
a "p ( ! mission ( ea*4  #hg4 ,ea*      
practically prov$ 8 p[] to raise ! dead4
  #hh4 ,a miracle app]ta9+ to a tree is 
relat$ ( bo?4  #hi4 ,bo? c\ld read !    
?\ghts ( ! p4  #ij4 ,! p[] to detect &  
eject evil spirits 0 claim$ by bo?4     
#ia4 ,bo? _h ! keys or control ( dea?4  
#ib4 ,ea* l$ an extraord9>y life4  #ic4 
,ea* _h a "* = sup]natural greatness4   
#id4 ,bo? posses$ or claim$ a on5ess ) !
 ,fa!r4  #ie4 ,a on5ess ) 8 ,"l & ,ma/] 
is claim$1 also1 = ! disciples ( ea*4   
#if4 ,a /rong reciprocal affection      
betwe5 ,ma/] & disciple 9 ea* case4     
#ig4 ,ea* (f]s to %\ld] ! burd5s ( 8    
disciples4  #ih4 ,a portion ( ! life (  
ea* 0 sp5t 9 prea*+4  #ii4 ,bo? made    
conv]ts by _! miracles & prea*+4  #ajj4 
,a num]\s ret9ue ( believ]s spr+s up 9  
ea* case4  #aja4 ,bo? _h commission$    
apo/les to proclaim _! religion4  #ajb4 
,ea* 0 an innovator ^u ! antec$5t       
religion4  #ajc4 ,a beautiful re=m 9    

religion 0 inaugurat$ by ea* ,savior4   
#ajd4 ,ea* oppos$ ! exi/+ popul>        
prie/hood4  #aje4 ,bo? aboli%$ ! law (  
l9eal desc5t 9 ! anci5t prie/hood4      
#ajf4 ,ea* 0 an object ( conspiracy by 8
 enemies4  #ajg4 ,humility & ext]nal    
pov]ty di/+ui%$ ! life ( ea*4  #ajh4    
,ea* d5\nc$ ri*es & ri* m51 & loa!d &   
dete/$ weal?4  #aji4 ,bo? _h a "* =     
meekness4  #aaj4 ,*a/ity or unm>ri$ life
 0 a di/+ui%+ *>act]i/ic ( ea*4  #aaa4  
,m]cy 0 a notewor?y *>act]i/ic ( ea*4   
#aab4 ,bo? 7 c5sur$ = associat+ ) s9n]s4
  #aac4 ,ea* 0 a special fri5d to !     
poor4  #aad4 ,a poor wid[ woman receives
 m>k$ att5tion by ea*4  #aae4 ,ea*      
enc\nt]s a g5tile woman at a well4      
#aaf4 ,bo? submitt$ unresi/+ly to       
injuries & insults4  #aag4 ,g5]al       
practical philan?ropy & imp>tiality m>ks
 ! life ( ea* ,savior4  #aah4 ,ea* took 
m pleasure 9 rep5tant s9n]s ?an 9       
virtu\s sa9ts4  #aai4 ,bo? practically  
disclos$ ,god's attempt to reconcile !  
_w to himself4  #abj4 ,! clos+ incid5ts 

9 ! e>?-life ( ea* 7 /rik+ly simil>4    
#aba4 ,a memorable la/ supp] m>k$ !     
clos+ c>e] ( bo?4  #abb4 ,bo? 7 put to  
dea? by wick$ h&s4  #abc4 ,*ri%na1 z    
well z ,*ri/1 0 crucifi$4  #abd4        
,d>kness att5d$ ! crucifixion ( ea*4    
#abe4 ,bo? 7 crucifi$ betwe5 two ?ieves4
  #abf4 ,ea* is report$ to h =giv5 8    
enemies4  #abg4 ,! age ( ea* at dea?    
corresponds 7be+ betwe5 ?irty &         
?irty-six ye>s74  #abh4 ,ea*1 aft] giv+ 
up ! gho/1 desc5ds into hell4  #abi4 ,! 
resurrection f ! dead is a m>k$ p]iod 9 
! hi/ory ( ea*4  #acj4 ,ea* asc5ds to   
heav5 aft] 8 resurrection4  #aca4 ,_m p 
are report$ to h witness$ ! asc5sion 9  
ea* case4  #acb4 ,ea* is report$ z hav+ 
bo? desc5d$ & asc5d$4  #acc4 ,! head (  
ea*1 :ile liv+ on e>?1 0 ano9t$ ) oil4  
,,ii4 ,,doctr9es4  #acd4 ,!re is a      
simil>ity 9 ! doctr9es ( _! respective  
religions4  #ace4 ,! same doctr9es are  
propagat$ by ! disciples ( ea*4  #acf4  
,! doctr9e ( future rew>ds & puni%m5ts  
is a "p ( ea* sy/em4  #acg4 ,analog\s   

views ( heav5 are f\nd 9 ea* sy/em4     
#ach4 ,a ?ird heav5 is spok5 ( 9 ea*    
sy/em4  #aci4 ,all s9 mu/ be puni%$     
accord+ to ! bible tea*+s ( ea*4  #adj4 
,ea* has a hell provid$ = ! wick$4      
#ada4 ,bo? tea* a hell ( d>kness & a    
hell ( light4  #adb4 ,an immortal worm  
f9ds employm5t 9 ! hell ( ea* sy/em 7!  
worm t die? n47  #adc4 ,! ar*-demon ( ! 
"u _w uses brim/one = fuel 9 "o case1 & 
oil 9 ! o!r4  #add4 ,! motive = future  
puni%m5t is 9 bo? cases ! same4  #ade4  
,ea* has a purgatory or sort ( half-way 
h\se4  #adf4 ,special div9e judgm5ts on 
nations are taught by ea*4  #adg4 ,a    
great & f9al day ( judgm5t is taught by 
ea*4  #adh4 ,a g5]al resurrection also  
is taught 9 ea* religion4  #adi4 ,t !re 
is a ,judge ( ! dead is a doctr9e ( ea*4
  #aej4 ,two witnesses are to report on 
human actions 9 ! f9al assizes4  #aea4  
,we are furni%$ 9 ea* case ) ! dim5sion 
( heav5 or ! holy city4  #aeb4 ,man is  
enjo9$ to /rive aga9/ temptation to s9  
by ea*4  #aec4 ,& rep5tance = s9 is a   

doctr9e taught by ! bible ( ea*4  #aed4 
,ea* has a prep>$ city = a p>adise4     
#aee4 ,! bibles ( bo? tea* t we h no    
cont9u+ city "h4  #aef4 ,s\ls are c>ri$ 
to heav5 by angels1 z 9 ! in/ance (     
,laz>us1 9 ea* case4  #aeg4 ,a belief 9 
angels or spirits is a t5ant ( ea*      
religion4  #aeh4 ,! doctr9e ( fall5 or  
evil angels is f\nd 9 bo? sy/em4  #aei4 
,obsession by wick$ or evil spirits is  
taught by ea*4  #afj4 ,bo? tea* t       
sickness or disease is caus$ by evil    
spirits4  #afa4 ,ea* has a k+-devil or  
ar*-demon ) a posse ( subalt]ns or evil 
spirits4  #afb4 ,bo? bibles record !    
/ory ( a hellaballoo or w> 9 heav54     
#afc4 ,bo? tea* t an evil man c nei!r d 
nor speak a good ?+4  #afd4 ,bo? tea* t 
s9 is a disadvantage 9 ! pres5t life z  
well z 9 ! future4  #afe4 ,! doctr9e (  
free w or free ag5cy is taught by ea*4  
#aff4 ,pr$e/9ation seems to be          
inf]5tially taught by ea*4  #afg4 ,9 ea*
 case man is a prize 9 a lott]y1 ) ,god 
& ! devil = ticket-hold]s4  #afh4 ,bo?  

make ! devil 7or devils7 a scape-goat = 
s94  #afi4 ,bo? tea* ! devil or evil    
spirits z ! prim>y cause ( all evil4    
#agj4 ,! de/9y ( bo? body & s\l is po9t$
 out by ea*4  #aga4 ,! true believ]s are
 kn[n z sa9ts "u bo? sy/ems4  #agb4     
,sa9ts ) :ite robes are spok5 ( by ea*4 
#agc4 ,bo? specify ! ,^w ( ,logos z     
,god4  #agd4 ,wisdom1 too1 is p]sonifi$ 
z ,god by ! holy ,scriptures ( ea*4     
#age4 ,bo? tea* t ,god may be kn[n by 8 
works4  #agf4 ,! doctr9e ( "o supreme   
,god is taught 9 ea* bible4  #agg4      
,light & tru? are important words 9 !   
religi\s nom5clature ( ea*4  #agh4 ,bo? 
pr(ess a high v5]ation = tru?4  #agi4   
,:]e ! treasure is1 !re is ! he>t also1 
is taught by ea*4  #ahj4 ,seek & ye %all
 f9d is a condition prescrib$ by ea*4   
#aha4 ,religi\s tol]ation is a virtue   
pr(ess$ by bo?4  #ahb4 ,all nations are 
pr(ess$ly bas$ on an equality by ea*4   
#ahc4 ,bo?1 h[ev]1 enjo9 p>tiality to ! 
h\sehold ( fai?4  #ahd4 ,! doors (      
salvation are ?r[n op5 to high & l[1 ri*

 & poor1 by ea*4  #ahe4 ,ea* pr(esses to
 h ! only true & sav+ fai?4  #ahf4 ,!re 
is a my/]y 9 ! mission ( ea* ,savior4   
#ahg4 ,rama is a well kn[n ^w 9 ! bible 
( ea*4  #ahh4 ,! und]/&+ ( ! wise is a  
phrase 9 ea*4  #ahi4 ,bo? speak         
figuratively ( ! bl9d lead+ ! bl9d4     
#aij4 ,a new heav5 & a new e>? is spok5 
( by ea*4  #aia4 ,! doctr9e ( a ,tr9ity 
9 ! ,godhead is taught by ea*4  #aib4   
,baptism by wat] is a t5ant & ord9ance (
 ea*4  #aic4 ,liv+ wat] is a metaphor   
f\nd 9 ea*4  #aid4 ,baptism by fire     
seems also to be recogniz$ by ea*4      
#aie4 ,fa/+ is emphatically enjo9$ by   
ea*4  #aif4 ,sacrifices are ( second>y  
importance 9 ea* sy/em1 & are p>tially  
or :olly ab&on$ by ea*4  #aig4 ,! high] 
law is p>am\nt to c]emonies 9 ea*       
religion4  #aih4 ,! bible ( ea* religion
 lit]ally condemns idolatry4  #aii4 ,bo?
 also make concessions to idolatry4     
#bjj4 ,polygamy is n lit]ally enc\rag$  
nor op5ly condemn$ by ei!r4  #bja4 ,!   
p[] to =give s9s is conf]r$ on !        

disciples ( ea*4  #bjb4 ,! doctr9e (    
blasphemy is recogniz$ by ea*4  #bjc4   
,pan!ism1 or ! reciprocal 9-be+ ( ,god 9
 nature & nature 9 ,god1 is taught by   
bo?4   ,,iii4 ,,bibles ,,& ,,holy       
,,scriptures4  #bjd4 ,ea* has a bible   
:i* is ! idoliz$ f\nta9 ( all religi\s  
tea*+4  #bje4 ,bo? h an ,old ,te/am5t & 
a ,new ,te/am5t1 virtually4  #bjf4 ,!   
,new ,te/am5t inaugurates a new & re=m  
sy/em ( religion 9 ea* case4  #bjg4 ,all
 ,scripture is giv5 by inspiration (    
,god is ! fai? ( ! disciples ( ea*4     
#bjh4 ,ea* sy/em claim$ to h its inspir$
 m5 to write its scriptures4  #bji4 ,bo?
 hold a spiritual qualification necess>y
 to und]/& _! bibles4  #baj4 ,x is a s9 
to become wise beyond :at is writt5 9 _!
 respective bibles4  #baa4 ,bo? recomm5d
 kn[+ ! ,scriptures 9 y\?4  #bab4       
,alt]ation ( _! respective bibles is    
div9ely int]dict$4  #bac4 ,! bible is an
 infallible rule ( fai? & practice 9 bo?
 cases4  #bad4 ,all scripture is        
pr(itable = doctr9e is ! fai? ( ea*4    

#bae4 ,bo? expla9 away ! errors ( _!    
bibles4   ,,iv4 ,,spirituality ,,( ,,!  
,,two ,,religions4  #baf4 ,! religion ( 
,*ri%na is pre-em95tly spiritual no less
 ?an ,*ri/'s4  #bag4 ,bo? tea* t to be  
c>nally m9d$ is dea?4  #bah4 ,ext]nal   
rites are practically disp5s$ ) 9 ea*   
religion4  #bai4 ,! spiritual law writt5
 on ! he>t is recogniz$ by ea*4  #bbj4  
,god is )9 y1 ,budhi/s tea* z well z    
,*ri/ians4  #bba4 ,bo? recognize an     
invisible spiritual ,savior4  #bbb4 ,god
 dwells 9 ! he>t1 say ,h9doo z well z   
,*ri/ians4  #bbc ,an inw>d recognition (
 ! div9e law is amply se5 9 bo?4  #bbd4 
,bo? confess allegiance to an inw>d     
monitor4  #bbe4 ,! doctr9e ( inspiration
 & int]nal illum9ation is f\nd 9 bo?4   
#bbf4 ,! indwell+ ,com=t] is believ$ 9  
by bo?4  #bbg4 ,bo? also tea* t religion
 is an inw>d "w4  #bbh4 ,bo? speak ( be+
 born aga9--i4 e41 ! second bir?4  #bbi4
 ,a spiritual body is also believ$ 9 by 
bo?4  #bcj4 ,spiritual ?+s are          
incompreh5sible to ! natural man say    

ea*4  #bca4 ,god's spiritually su/a9+   
p[] ,budhi/s also ackn[l$ge4  #bcb4 ,bo?
 give a spiritual int]pretation to _!   
bibles4  #bcc4 ,ea* has a new & m       
int]ior law sup]s$+ ! old law4  #bcd4 ,!
 spiritual cross--self-d5ial or         
asceticism--is a prom95t feature ( ea*  
religion4  #bce4 ,! duty ( r5\nc+ &     
ab&on+ ! ext]nal _w is solemnly enjo9$  
by ea*4  #bcf4 ,budhi/s r5\nce ! _w m   
practically ?an ,*ri/ians4  #bcg4       
,)drawal or seclusion f society is      
recomm5d$ by ea*4  #bch4 ,bodily suff]+ 
z a b5efit to ! s\l is enc\rag$ by ea*4 
#bci4 ,volunt>y suff]+ = righte\sness'  
sake is a virtue ) ea*4  #bdj4 ,! cross 
is a religi\s emblem 9 ea* sy/em4  #bda4
 ,bo? glory 9 ! religion ( ! cross z    
bett] ?an a religion )\t suff]+4  #bdb4 
,h5ce bo? tea* ! great] ! cross ! great]
 ! cr[n4  #bdc4 ,e>?ly pleasures are    
reg>d$ z evil by bo?4  #bdd4 ,contempt =
 ! body z an enemy to ! s\l is visible 9
 bo?4  #bde4 ,retirem5t = religi\s      
contemplation is a duty ) ea*4  #bdf4 ,!

 =sak+ ( relations is also enjo9$ by    
ea*4  #bdg4 ,spiritual relation%ip is   
sup]ior to ext]nal relation%ip ) bo?4   
#bdh4 ,to die is great ga9 we are taught
 by ea*4  #bdi4 ,a subjugation ( !      
passions is a religi\s duty ) ea*4      
#bej4 ,! road to heav5 is a n>r[ "o )   
ea*4  #bea4 ,! same /ate ( religi\s     
p]fection is aspir$ to by ! disciples ( 
ea*4   ,v4 ,,! ,,doctr9e ,,( ,,fai? ,,or
 ,,belief4  #beb4 ,fai? is an           
all-important elem5t & doctr9e ) ea*4   
#bec4 ,h]esy1 or want ( fai?1 is a s9 ( 
great magnitude ) bo?4  #bed4 ,fai? 9 ! 
,savior is a condition to salvation by  
bo?4  #bee4 ,confess+ ! ,savior is also 
requir$ 9 bo? cases4  #bef4 ,believe or 
be damn$ is ! condition or pr(ess to    
believe ! t]rible s9e qua non to        
salvation by ea*4  #beg4 ,skeptics or   
unbeliev]s are ) bo? ! *ief ( s9n]s4    
#beh4 ,fai? c remove m\nta9s1 ei!r ) a  
,bud-hi/ or a ,*ri/ian4  #bei4 ,bo?     
contra/ fai? ) works4  #bfj4 ,fai? )\t  
works is dead--s tea* bo? ,bud-hi/s &   

,*ri/ians4   ,,vi4 ,,! ,,doctr9e ,,&    
,,practice ,,( ,,pray]4  #bfa4 ,pray] is
 an important rite 9 ea* religion4      
#bfb4 ,private or secret pray] is       
recomm5d$ by bo?4  #bfc4 ,ea* has also a
 =mula ( pray]4  #bfd4 ,pray )\t ceas+  
is a ,budhi/ z well z a ,*ri/ian        
injunction4  #bfe4 ,pray+ to _!         
respective ,saviors 9 sickness & 9 heal?
 is a cu/om ) bo?4  #bff4 ,! cu/om (    
pray+ = ! dead is recogniz$ 9 ea* sy/em4
   ,,vii4 ,,treatm5t ,,( ,,enemies4     
#bfg4 ,x is a ,h9doo z well z a ,*ri/ian
 injunction to treat enemies k9dly4     
#bfh4 ,passive submission to injuries & 
abuse is enjo9$ by bo?4  #bfi4 ,! holy  
,scriptures ( bo? require u to pray =   
enemies1 & fe$ !m4  #bgj4 ,& ev5 love to
 enemies is a "p ( ! _s ( ea* religion4 
,,viii4 ,,! ,,mill5nium4  #bga4 ,h9doos1
 l ,*ri/ians1 prophesy ( a great        
mill5nial era4  #bgb4 ,!re is a         
rem>kable simil>ity 9 _! notions )      
respect to x4  #bgc4 ,bo? anticipate a  
second adv5t or new ,savior on !        

occasion4  #bgd4 ,! de/ruction ( ! _w   
also is to take place 9 bo? cases4      
#bge4 ,& an entire r5ovation & a new    
ord] ( ?+s are to be e/abli%$ 9 ea*     
case4   ,,ix4 ,,miracles4  #bgf4 ,!re is
 almo/ a con/ant display ( miracul\s p[]
 9 ea* sy/em4  #bgg4 ,! disciples ( bo? 
are pr(ess$ly end[$ ) ?is p[]4  #bgh4   
,miracul\s cures ( ! lame1 ! bl9d1 & !  
sick are report$ 9 bo? cases4  #bgi4    
,miracles ( h&l+ poison\s reptiles )    
impunity are report$ by bo?4  #bhj4     
,swall[+ deadly poison is enjo9$ by     
,*ri/ians & practic$ by ,h9doos4  #bha4 
,_m cases ( ! miracul\s ejection (      
devils are report$ by bo?4  #bhb4 ,!    
miracle ( ?\ght-read+ is display$ by    
bo?4  #bhc4 ,! sa9ts 9 bo? cases are    
report$ z rais+ ! dead4   ,x4           
,,precepts4  #bhd4 ,! k+dom ( heav5 0 to
 be s\ght fir/ ( all ?+s 9 ea* case4    
#bhe4 ,love to ,god is a p>am\nt        
obligation "u ea* sy/em4  #bhf4 ,& !    
wor%ip ( ,god is an ess5tial requisition
 9 ea* religi\s polity4  #bhg4 ,cease to

 d evil & le>n to d well is virtually   
enjo9$ by ea*4  #bhh4 ,an inw>d k ( ,god
 is taught z ess5tial by bo? sy/ems4    
#bhi4 ,a reliance on works is disc\rag$ 
by bo?4  #bij4 ,purity ( he>t is        
inculcat$ by ,h9doos z well z ,*ri/ians4
  #bia4 ,speak & ?9k evil ( no man is a 
gospel injunction ( ea*4  #bib4 ,a love 
( all be+s is m prom95tly ! _s (        
,budhism ?an t ( ,*ri/ianity4  #bic4 ,! 
practice ( /rict godly virtue is enjo9$ 
by bo?4  #bid4 ,mod]ation & temp]ance   
are recomm5d$ by bo?4  #bie4 ,pati5ce is
 a virtue 9 ea* religion4  #bif4 ,! duty
 ( controll+ our ?\ghts is taught by    
ea*4  #big4 ,*>ity has a high           
appreciation by ea*4  #bih4 ,bo? make ! 
poor objects ( att5tion4  #bii4 ,!      
practice ( hospitality is recomm5d$ by  
ea*4  #cjj4 ,humility is a duty & a     
virtue "u bo? sy/ems4  #cja4            
,mir?fulness or light conv]sation is    
=bidd5 by ea*4  #cjb4 ,purity ( life is 
a duty ) ,h9doos z well z ,*ri/ians4    
#cjc4 ,*a/5ess 9 conv]sation is         

inculcat$ by bo?4  #cjd4 ,respect to    
p]sons is a s9 9 ! moral polity ( bo?4  
#cje4 ,alms-giv+ is religi\sly enjo9$ by
 ! holy ,scriptures ( bo?4  #cjf4 ,bo?  
tea* t x is bett] to give ?an to        
receive4  #cjg4 ,loyalty to rul]s is a  
moral requisition ( ea* sy/em4  #cjh4   
,honor to fa!r & "m is e/eem$ a great   
virtue by bo?4  #cji4 ,! correct tra9+ (
 *ildr5 is ) ea* a scriptural duty4     
#caj4 ,look n ^u a woman is m ?an h9t$  
by ea*4  #caa4 ,! read+ ( ! holy        
,scriptures is enjo9$ by bo?4  #cab4    
,ly+ or falsehood is ) ea* a s9 ( great 
magnitude4  #cac4 ,swe>+ is disc\nt5anc$
 by bo? religions4  #cad4 ,!ft or /eal+ 
is specially condemn$ by bo?4  #cae4    
,bo? deprecate & condemn ! practice (   
w>4  #caf4 ,bo? disc\nt5ance fight+4    
#cag4 ,nei!r ( !m pr(esses to believe 9 
slav]y4  #cah4 ,drunk5ness & ! use ( w9e
 are m specifically condemn$ by ! ,h9doo
 religion4  #cai4 ,adult]y & =nication  
are he9\s s9s 9 ! eyes ( bo?4  #cbj4    
,bo? condemn covet\sness z a great s94  

#cba4 ,budhi/s m practically condemn    
ang] ?an ,*ri/ians d4   ,,xi4           
,,miscellane\s ,,analogies4  #cbb4 ,bo? 
h _! apocryphal z well z _! canonical   
,scriptures4  #cbc4 ,/ories are f\nd 9 !
 bible ( ea* :i* w\ld be reject$ if f\nd
 else:]e4  #cbd4 ,bo? make _! bible a   
f9ality 9 matt]s ( fai?4  #cbe4 ,bo? h  
_h _! c\ncils & comm5t>ies to reveal !is
 bibles ov] aga94  #cbf4 ,num]\s s*isms1
 divisions1 sects1 & cre$s h sprung up 9
 ea*4  #cbg4 ,v>i\s religi\s re=ms h    
sprung up "u ea*4  #cbh4 ,conv]sion f "o
 religi\s sect to ano!r is common to    
bo?4  #cbi4 ,bo? religions h be5 tr\bl$ 
) num]\s skeptics or infidels4  #ccj4   
,bo? h (t5 resort$ to new int]pretations
 = _! bibles to suit ! times4  #cca4 ,! 
unconv]t$ are /igmatiz$ by ea*4  #ccb4  
,knock & x %all be op5$ is ! invitation 
( ea*4  #ccc4 ,public confession ( s9s 9
 class-meet+s is kn[n to ea*4  #ccd4    
,dea?-b$ rep5tance (t5 witness$ "u bo?  
religi\s sy/ems4  #cce4 ,a belief 9     
haunt$ h\ses incid5t to ! religi\s      

c\ntries ( bo?4  #ccf4 ,a sup]ior       
respect = woman claim$ by ea*4  #ccg4   
,an idolatr\s v5]ation = religi\s       
ance/ors by ea*4  #cch4 ,ea* su/a9 a    
num]\s horde ( exp5sive prie/s4  #cci4  
,a div9e call or illum9ation to prea*   
claim$ by ea*4  #cdj4 ,religi\s m>tyrdom
 ! glory ( ea*4  #cda4 ,bo? h enc\nt]$  
p]ils by sea & l& = _! religion4  #cdb4 
,he :o lose? 8 life 7= 8 religion7 %all 
f9d x1 say bo?4  #cdc4 ,bo? 9 anci5t    
times suff]$ mu* p]secution4  #cdd4 ,!  
disciples ( bo? h suff]$ dea? )\t fl9*+ 
f ! fai?4  #cde4 ,ea* s5t num]\s        
mission>ies abroad to prea* & conv]t4   
#cdf4 ,&1 f9ally1 ea* *]i%$ ! hope (    
conv]t+ ! _w to _! religion4   ,! au?or 
has 9 8 possession hi/orical quotations 
to prove ! tru? ( ea* "o ( ! above      
p>allels4 ,he has all ! hi/orical facts 
on :i* !y 7 con/ruct$ f\nd 9 & drawn f !
 sacr$ books ( ! ,h9doo religion & !    
works ( ,*ri/ian writ]s descriptive ( _!
 religion4 ,b !y w\ld swell ! pres5t    
volume to unwieldy dim5sions1 & f>      

beyond its prop] & prescrib$ limits1 to 
pres5t !m "h2 !y are !re=e res]v$ = !   
second volume1 & may be publi%$ 9       
pamphlet =m also4  ,9 pro( ( !          
correctness ( ! =ego+ comp>ative        
analogies1 we w n[ summon ! te/imony (  
v>i\s au?ors sett+ =? ! hi/orical "* ( !
 ,h9doo ,god ,*ri%na1 & ! ess5tial      
nature ( 8 religion1 s f> z x           
approximates 9 its doctr9es & moral     
tea*+s to ! ,*ri/ian religion4 ,we w    
fir/ he> f ,colonel ,wiseman1 = t5 ye>s 
a ,*ri/ian mission>y 9 ,india4  ,!re is 
"o ,indian 7,h9doo7 leg5d ( consid]able 
importance says ?is writ]444 ,?is is !  
/ory ( ,*ri%na1 ! ,indian ,apollo4 ,9   
native leg5ds he is repres5t$ z an      
,avat>1 or inc>nation ( ! ,div9ity4 ,at 
8 bir?1 *oirs ( ,devitas 7angels7 sung  
hymns ( praise1 :ile %eph]ds surr\nd$ 8 
cradle4 ,x 0 necess>y to conceal 8 bir? 
f ! tyrant rul]1 ,cansa1 to :om x _h be5
 =etold t ! infant ,savior %\ld de/roy  
him4 ,! *ild escap$ ) 8 p>5ts beyond !  
coa/ ( ,lam\na4 ,= a "t he liv$ 9       

obscurity1 & !n comm5c$ a public life   
di/+ui%$ = pr[ess & b5efic5ce4 ,he wa%$ 
! feet ( ! ,brahm9s1 & prea*$ ! mo/     
excell5t doctr9es2 b at l5g? ! p[] ( 8  
enemies prevail$4444 ,be=e dy+1 he      
=etold ! mis]ies :i* w\ld take place 9 !
 ,cali-yuga1 or wick$ age 7,d>k ,age7 ( 
! _w4  ,*ri%na 7says ano!r writ]7 taught
 8 foll[]s t !y alone 7 ! true believ]s 
( ! sav+ fai?2 ?r[+ d[n ! b>ri]s ( ca/e1
 & elevat+ ! dogmas ( _! fai? above !   
sac]dotal class1 he admitt$ e "o :o felt
 an inw>d desire to ! m9i/ry to ! prea*+
 ( _! religion4 ,a sy/em ?us associat+  
itself ) ! habits1 feel+s1 & p]sonal    
advantages ( its disciples c\ld n fail  
to make rapid progress4 7,upham's       
,hi/ory4 ,doctr9es ( ,budhism47         
,budhism inculcates b5evol5ce1 t5d]ness1
 =giv5ess ( injuries1 & love ( enemies2 
& =bids s5suality1 love ( pleasure1 &   
atta*m5t to worldly objects4 7,judson74 
,at ! mom5t ( 8 7,*ri%na's7 conception a
 ,god left heav5 to ent] ! womb ( 8 "m  
7a virg974 ,imm$iately aft] 8 bir? he 0 

recogniz$ z a div9e p]sonage1 & x 0     
pr$ict$ t he w\ld surpass all previ\s   
div9e inc>nations 9 hol9ess4 ,e "o ador$
 him1 salut+ him z '! ,god ( ,gods4' ,:5
 tw5ty ye>s ( age he w5t into a des]t1 &
 liv$ !re 9 ! au/]e/ retirem5t1 pov]ty1 
simplicity1 & virtue1 sp5d+ 8 :ole "t 9 
religi\s contemplation4 ,he 0 tempt$ 9  
v>i\s ways1 b 8 self-d5ial resi/$ all ! 
s$uctive approa*es ( s94 ,he decl>$1    
',religion is my ess5ce4' ,he exp]i5c$ a
 lively opposition f ! prie/s atta*$ to 
! anci5t cre$s 7z ,*ri/ subsequ5tly     
did74 ,b he triumph$ ov] all 8 enemies  
aft] hold+ a discussion ) !m 7z ,*ri/   
did ) ! doctors 9 ! ,temple74 ,he revis$
 ! exi/+ code ( morals & ! social law4  
,he r$uc$ ! ma9 pr9ciples ( morality to 
f\r1 viz3 m]cy1 av]sion to cruelty1     
unb\nd$ sympa?y = all animat$ be+s & !  
/ricte/ adh]5ce to ! moral law4 ,he also
 gave a decalogue ( comm&m5ts1 viz43 #a4
 ,n to kill4 #b4 ,n to /eal4 #c4 ,to be 
*a/e4 #d4 ,n to te/ify falsely4 #e4 ,n  
to lie4 #f4 ,n to swe>4 #g4 ,to avoid   

all impure words4 #h4 ,to be dis9t]e/$4 
#i4 ,n to take rev5ge4 #aj4 ,& n to be  
sup]/iti\s4 ,?is code ( morals 0 firmly 
e/abli%$ 9 ! he>ts ( 8 foll[]s4         
7,abridg$ f ,h>dy's ,manual ( ,budhism47
  ,x 0 prophesi$ 9 old5 times t a p]son 
w\ld arise & r$eem ,h9do/an f '! yoke ( 
bondage4' ,at midnight1 :5 ! bir? (     
,*ri%na 0 tak+ place1 ! cl\ds emitt$ l[ 
music1 & p\r$ d[n a ra9 ( fl[]s4 ,!     
cele/ial *ild 0 greet$ ) hymns by att5d+
 spirits4  ,! room 0 illum9at$ by 8     
light1 & ! c\nt5ances ( 8 fa!r & "m     
emitt$ rays ( glory1 & !y b[$ 9 wor%ip4'
 ',! p believ$ he 0 a ,god4' ,!y eag]ly 
caught ! words :i* fell f 8 lips1 :i*   
taught 8 div9e mission1 & !y call$ him !
 ',holy ,"o1' & f9ally ! ',liv+ ,god4'  
,he p]=m$ miracul\s cures4 ,at 8 bir? a 
m>vel\s light illum9$ ! e>?4 ,8 foll[]s 
baptis$1 & p]=m$ miracul\s cures4 ,& he1
 :5 a *ild1 attract$ att5tion by 8      
miracles4 ,:ile att5d+ ! h]ds ) 8       
fo/]-fa!r a great s]p5t poison$ ! riv]1 
:i* caus$ ! dea? ( c[s & %eph]d-boys :5 

!y drank ( x1 :om ,*ri%na re/or$ to life
 by a look ( div9e p[]4 ,8 life 0 devot$
 to m]cy & *>ity4 ,he left p>adise f    
pure compassion1 to die = suff]+ s9n]s4 
,he s\ght to lead m5 to bett] pa?s &    
lives ( virtue & rectitude4 ,he suff]$  
to atone = ! s9s ( ! _w2 & ! s9n]1 ?r\gh
 fai? 9 him1 c be sav$4 ,*ri/ & ,*ri%na 
bo? taught ! equality ( man4 ,pray]s    
address$ to ,*ri%na 7 aft] ?is fa%ion3  
',o ?\ ,supreme ,"o6 ?y ess5ce is       
inscrutable4 ,?\ art all 9 all4 ,!      
und]/&+ ( man _c rea* ?y ,almighty ,p[]4
 ,i1 :o "k no?+1 fly to !e = protection4
 ,%[ m]cy unto me1 & enable me to see & 
"k !e4' ,*ri%na replies1 ',h fai? 9 me4 
,no "o :o wor%ips me c p]i%4 ,address   
?yself to me z ! only asylum4 ,i w      
deliv] !e f s94 ,i am animat$ ) equal   
b5evol5ce t[>d all be+s4 ,i "k nei!r    
hatr$ nor p>tiality4 ,^? :o adore me    
dev\tly are 9 me & ,i 9 !m'--,*ri/ )9 y 
! hope ( glory4 7,abridg$ f ,mr4        
,tuttle47  ,if we consid] t ,budhism    
proclaim$ ! equality ( all m5 & wom5 9 !

 sight ( ,god1 t x d5\nc$ ! impi\s      
pret5sions ( ! mo/ mis*iev\s prie/hood !
 _w ev] saw1 & t x inculcat$ a pure     
sy/em ( practical morality1 we mu/ admit
 t ! innovation 0 z advantage\s z x 0   
ext5sively spread & adopt$4 7,hue's     
,j\rney ?r\gh ,*9a1 *ap4 v47  ,to       
,*ri%na ! ,h9doos 7 indebt$ = a code (  
pure & practical morality1 :i* inculcat$
 *>ity & *a/ity1 p]=mance ( good works1 
ab/95ce f evil1 & g5]al k9dness to all  
liv+ ?+s4 7,cunn+ham47  ,budhism nev]   
conf\nds "r or wrong1 & nev] excuses any
 s9 7,ca?>9e ,bee*]47  ,he 7,*ri%na7    
honor$ humanity by 8 virtues4 7,/       
,hilaire47  ,x is probable t e incid5t 9
 8 7,*risna's7 life is f\nd$ 9 fact1    
:i*1 if sep>at$ f surr\nd+ fable1 w\ld  
af=d a hi/ory t w\ld sc>ce h any equal 9
 ! importance ( ! lessons x w\ld tea*4  
7,h>dy's ,manual ( ,budhism47  ,he      
7,*ri%na7 und]takes & c\nsels a con/ant 
/ruggle aga9/ ! body4 ,9 8 eyes ! body  
is ! enemy ( man's s\l 7z ,paul ?\ght :5
 he spoke ( 'our vile bodies4'7 ,he aims

 to subdue ! body & ! burn+ passions :i*
 consume x4444 ,he requires humility1   
disreg>d ( wordly weal?1 pati5ce &      
resignation 9 adv]sity1 love to enemies1
 religi\s tol]ance1 horror at falsehood1
 avoidance ( frivol\s conv]sation1      
consid]ation & e/eem = wom51 sanctity ( 
! m>riage relation1 non-resi/ance to    
evil1 confession ( s9s1 & conv]sion4    
7,/4 ,hilaire47  ,budhism has be5 call$ 
! ,*ri/ianity ( ! ,ea/4 7,abel          
,remuset47  ,! doctr9e & practical piety
 ( _! bible 7! ,baghavat ,gita7 be> a   
/rong resemblance to ^? ( ! ,holy       
,scriptures4 ,x has sc>cely a precept or
 pr9ciple t is n f\nd 9 ! 7,*ri/ian7    
bible4 ,& 7 ! p to live up to its       
pr9ciples ( peace & love1 oppression &  
injury w\ld be kn[n no m )9 _! bord]s444
 ,x has no my?ology ( obsc5e & f]oci\s  
deities1 no sangu9>y or impure          
obs]vances1 no self-inflict+ tortures1  
no tyranniz+ prie/hood1 no conf\nd+ ( "r
 & wrong by mak+ c]ta9 iniquities       
laudable 9 wor%ip4 ,9 its moral code1   

its description ( ! purity & peace ( !  
fir/ ages1 & ! %ort5+ ( man's life by   
s91 x seems to foll[ g5u9e traditions4  
,9 almo/ e respect x seems to be ! be/  
religion ev] inv5t$ by man4 7,rev4 ,h4  
,malcom's ,travels 9 ,asia47  ,if !     
morality ( ,budhism be exam9$1 its      
exhortations to gu>d ! w1 to curb !     
?\ghts1 to ex]cise k9dness t[>ds o!rs1  
to ab/a9 f wrong to all1 x prop\nds a v 
high /&>d ( practice4 7,upham's         
,doctr9es & ,hi/ory ( ,budhism47  ,x    
seeks ! highe/ triumphants ( humanity 9 
! ex]cise ( devotion1                   
self-contemplation1 & self-d5ial4       
7,!ogony ( ! ,h9doos1 by ,bjornsj]ma47  
,& ! doctr9es ( ,budhism are n alone 9 !
 beauty ( _! s5tim5ts & ! excell5ce (   
mu* ( _! morality4 ',x is n p]mitt$ to y
 to return evil = evil' is "o ( !       
s5tim5ts ( ,socrates4 7,rev4 ,h4 ,s4    
,h>dy's ,ea/]n ,mona*ism47  ,budhism    
insi/s on ! necessity ( tak+ !          
intellectual faculties = guides 9       
philosophical rese>*es4 7,tib]ghi547  ,x

 s\ght to wean mank9d f ! pleasures &   
vanities ( life by po9t+ to !           
transitor9ess ( all human enjoym5t4     
7,smi?'s ,mongolia47  ,! pr9cipal       
*>act]i/ics ( ,budhism are ! doctr9es ( 
mildness & ! univ]sal bro!rhood ( man4  
7,ibid47  ,life is a /ate ( probation & 
mis]y1 accord+ to ,budhism4 7,upham1    
*ap4 vi47  ,! ,brahm9s f\nd fault ) him 
7,*ri%na7 = receiv+ z disciples !       
outca/s ( ,h9doo society 7z ! ,jews did 
,*ri/ = fell[%ipp+ publicans & s9n]s74  
,b he 7,*ri%na7 repli$1 ',my law is a   
law ( m]cy to all4' 7,hue's ,voyages    
?r\gh ,*9a47  ,budhism attract$ &       
furni%$ consolation = ! poor &          
un=tunate4 7,ibid47  ,budhism is a      
rationali/ic & re=m sy/em z comp>$ )    
,brahm9ism4 ,l&resse expresses 8 high   
admiration ( ! h]oism ) :i* ! ,budhi/   
mission>ies be=e ,*ri/ cross$ /reams &  
seas :i* _h arre/$ armies1 & trav]s$    
des]ts & m\nta9s ^u :i* no c>avans d>$  
to v5ture1 & brav$ dang]s & surm\nt$    
ob/acles :i* _h defi$ ! omnipot5ce ( !  

emp]ors4 7,a note on ,l&resse's ,foe    
,k\i ,ki47  ,if we address$ a ,mogul or 
,?ibetan ?is "q1 ,:o is ,*ri%na8 ! reply
 01 in/antly1 ',! ,savior ( m54' 7,hue's
 ,j\rney ?r\gh ,*9a47  ,*ri%na1 !       
inc>nate ,deity ( ! ,sanscrit romance   
cont9ues to ?is h\r ! d>l+ ,god ( ! wom5
 ( ,india4444 ,*ri%na 0 ! p]son ( ,vi%nu
 7,god7 himself 9 ! human =m4 7,asiat4  
,rese>*es1 #bfj74  ,respectable natives 
told me t "s ( ! mission>ies _h told !m 
t !y 7 ev5 n[ almo/ ,*ri/ians 7ow+ to ! 
two religions be+ s ne>ly alike74       
7,ibid74  ,all t conv]t+ ! ,h9doos to   
,*ri/ianity does = !m is to *ange !     
object ( _! wor%ip f ,*ri%na to ,*ri/4  
7,rob]t ,*eyne47  ,brahm9ism or ,budhism
 9 "s ( its =ms is said to con/itute !  
religion ( consid]ably m ?an half !     
human race4 ,x tea*es ! exi/5ce ( "o    
supreme et]nal1 & uncreat$ ,god1 call$  
,brahma1 :o creat$ ! _w ?r\gh ,*ri%na1 !
 second memb] ( ! ,tr9ity4 ,paul says1  
,god creat$ ! _w ?r\gh ,jesus ,*ri/1 !  
second memb] ( ! ,*ri/ian ,tr9ity4      

7,eph4 iii4 #i47 ,h[ /rik+ !            
resemblance6 ,! doctr9e ( ! inc>nation1 
! desc5t ( ! ,deity ^u e>?1 & 8         
manife/ation 9 a human =m = ! r$emption 
( mank9d1 seems to h exi/$ 9 ! %ape (   
prophecy or fact 9 all ages ( ! _w4     
,h9dooism tea*es n9e ( ^! inc>nations4  
,fur!rmore1 x tea*es ! doctr9e ( !      
,tr9ity1 ! fall & r$emption ( man1 & a  
/ate ( future rew>ds & puni%m5ts 9 a    
future life4444 ,?is religion 9 *ief (  
,asia is traceable to remote ages4 ,!   
doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity is repres5t$ 9 !    
,elephant9e cav]n1 & taught 9 !         
,mahab>at1 :i* goes back = its orig9    
ne>ly two ?\s& ye>s be=e ,*ri/4 7,new   
,york ,sunday ,despat*1 #ahee47  ,9 !   
ye> #cfjj1 ,*ri%na desc5d$ to ! e>? = ! 
purpose ( defeat+ ! evil ma*9ations (   
,*ivan 7! devil71 z ,*ri/ 'came to      
de/roy ! devil & 8 works4' 7,see ,john  
iii4 #h47 ,aft] a fi]ce combat ) !      
devil1 or s]p5t1 he defeat$ him by      
bruis+ 8 head--he receiv+1 dur+ !       
conte/1 a w\nd 9 ! heel4 7',x ! s]p5t   

%all bruise ?y head1 & ?\ %alt bruise 8 
heel4'--,g54 iii4 #ae47 ,he di$ at la/  
betwe5 two ?ieves4444 ,he lead a pure & 
holy life1 & 0 a meek1 t5d]1 & b5evol5t 
be+1 & enjo9$ *>ity1 hospitality1 &     
m]cy1 & =bade ly+1 prev>ication1        
hypocrisy1 & ov]rea*+ 9 deal+1 & pilf]+1
 & !ft1 & viol5ce t[>d any be+4         
7,lecture be=e ! ,free ,press           
,association 9 #ahbg47  ,! bir?place ( !
 ,h9doo h]o 7,*ri%na7 is call$ ,ma?ura1 
:i* is easily *ang$1 & by correct       
translation becomes ,maturea1 ! place   
:]e ,*ri/ is said to h /opp$1 betwe5    
,naz>e? & ,egypt444 ,to %[ 8 humility he
 wa%$ ! feet ( ! ,brahm9s 7z ,*ri/ is   
said to h wa%$ ! feet ( ! ,jews--see    
,john xiii4 #ad74 ,"o day a woman came  
to him & ano9t$ 8 hair ) oil1 9 return =
 :i* he heal$ h] maladies4 ,"o ( 8 fir/ 
miracles 0 t ( heal+ a lep]1 l ,*ri/    
7,see ,m>k i4 #d74 ,f9ally1 he 0        
crucifi$1 !n desc5d$ to ,hades4 7,x is  
said ( ,*ri/1 '8 s\l 0 n left 9         
hell4'--,acts ii4 #ca47 ,he 7,*ri%na7   

rose f ! dead & asc5d$ to ,voicon?a     
7heav547 7,higg9's ,anacalypsis1 vol4   
ii4 p4 #bci74  ,n[1 we ask1 is x any    
wond]1 9 view ( ! =ego+ hi/orical       
exposition1 t ,eusebius %\ld exclaim1 ,!
 religion ( ,jesus ,*ri/ is nei!r new   
nor /range8 7,eccl4 ,hi/4 *4 iv47 ,truly
 did ,/4 ,augu/9e say1 ,?is1 9 our day1 
is ! ,*ri/ian religion1 n z hav+ be5    
unkn[n 9 =m] times1 b z hav+ rec5tly    
receiv$ t "n4  ,"h1 !n1 we pause to ask 
our good ,*ri/ian read]1 ,:]e is y\r    
orig9al ,*ri/ianity n[8 or :at          
con/itutes ! reveal$ religion ( ,jesus  
,*ri/8 or :]e is ! evid5ce t any new    
religion 0 reveal$ by him or prea*$ by  
him1 see+ we h all 8 religion1 z %[n by 
! =ego+ hi/orical citations1 includ$ 9  
an old hea!n sy/em m ?an a ?\s& ye>s old
 :5 ,jesus ,*ri/ 0 born8 ,we f9d x all  
"h 9 ?is old ori5tal sy/em ( ,budhism--e
 ess5tial "p1 p>ticle & pr9ciple ( x4   
,we f9d ,*ri/ianity all "h--its ,alpha &
 ,omega1 its beg9n+ & end4 ,we f9d x "h 
9 all its details1--its root1 ess5ce1 & 

entity1--all its reveal$ doctr9es1      
religi\s ideas1 beautiful tru?s1        
s5seless dogmas & ori5tal phantoms4 ,n1 
a doctr9e1 pr9ciple1 or precept ( !     
,*ri/ian sy/em1 b t is "h proclaim$ to !
 _w ages be=e ! angels ann\nc$ ! bir? ( 
a div9e babe 9 ,be?lehem4 ,w y1 !n1     
p]si/ 9 claim+ t tru?1 life1 &          
immortality came by ,jesus ,*ri/1 & t   
,*ri/ came to prea* a new gospel to !   
_w1 & to set =? a new religion nev] be=e
 he>d among/ m5 7to use ! language (    
,ar*bi%op ,tillotson71 :5 ! hi/orical   
facts cit$ 9 ?is "w demon/rate a hundr$ 
times ov] t su* a position is palpably  
errone\s8 ,w y /ill p]si/1 ) all ^?     
und5iable facts />+ y 9 ! face 7prov+ & 
reprov+1 ) ov]:elm+ demon/ration1 t !   
/atem5t is untrue71 9 decl>+ t !        
religion ( ,jesus ,*ri/ is ! only true &
 s\l-sav+ religion1 & all o!r sy/ems are
 m]e /raw1 /ubble1 tradition1 &         
sup]/ition 7z ass]t$ by a popul>        
,*ri/ian writ]71 :5 no ma!matician ev]  
demon/rat$ a sci5tific problem m cle>ly 

?an we h prov$ 9 ^! pages t all !       
pr9ciple sy/ems ( ! pa/1 by no means    
except+ ,*ri/ianity1 are ess5tially     
alike 9 e important p>ticul>--all ( _!  
c>d9al doctr9es be+ ! same1 diff]+ only 
9 unimportant details8  ,see+1 !n1 t all
 sy/ems ( religion h be5 f\nd to be     
ess5tially alike 9 _s & 9 practice1 !   
all-important "q arises "h1 ,:at is !   
true cause assignable = ?is /rik+       
resemblance8 ,h[ is x to be acc\nt$ =8  
,p]haps "s ( our good ,*ri/ian read]s1  
unacqua9t$ ) hi/ory1 may *]i% ! ?\ght t 
all ! ori5tal sy/ems br\ght to notice   
are b imitations ( ,*ri/ianity2 t !y 7  
recon/ruct$ out ( mat]ials obta9$ f t   
s\rce2 t ,*ri/ianity is ! p>5t1 & !y !  
(f-spr+4 ,b1 alas = _! long-*]i%$ idol1 
^? :o ent]ta9 su* =lorn hopes are s[+ to
 ! w9d1 & are doom$ to disappo9tm5t4 ,) 
! exception ( ,mahom$anism alone1       
,*ri/ianity is ! y\nge/ sy/em 9 ! :ole  
catalogue4 ,! hi/orical facts to prove  
?is /atem5t are volum9\s4 ,b z x ne$s no
 pro( to ^? :o h read religi\s hi/ory1 b

 little space w be occupi$ ) citations =
 ?is purpose4 ,) respect to ! antiquity 
( ! pr9cipal ori5tal sy/em1 we ne$ only 
to quote ! te/imony ( ,sir ,william     
,jones1 a dev\t ,*ri/ian writ]1 :o sp5t 
ye>s 9 ,india1 & ^: te/imony w be       
accept$ by any p]son acqua9t$ ) 8       
hi/ory4 ,he makes ! emphatic decl>ation1
 ,t ! "n ( ,*ri%na1 & ! g5]al outl9e ( 8
 hi/ory1 7 long ant]ior to ! bir? ( our 
,savior1 & probably to ! "t ( ,hom]     
7#ijj b4 ,c47 we "k v c]ta9ly4 7,asiat4 
,res4 vol4 i4 p4 #bed47 ,no guess-"w    
ab\t x4 ,we "k v c]ta9ly4  ,& be+ a     
s*ol>1 a travel]1 & a soj\rn] among !   
,h9doos1 & well v]s$ 9 _! hi/ory1 no    
p]son ev] _h a bett] opportunity to "k  
?an he4 ,we w he> ?is r5[n$ au?or fur!r4
 ,9 ! ,sanscrit diction>y1 compil$ m ?an
 two ?\s& ye>s ago1 we h ! :ole hi/ory (
 ! inc>nate deity 7,*ri%na71 born ( a   
virg91 & miracul\sly escap+ 9 8 infancy 
f ! reign+ tyrant ( 8 c\ntry 7,cansa74  
,he pass$ a life ( ! mo/ extraord9>y &  
incompreh5sible devotion4 ,8 bir? 0     

conceal$ f ! tyrant ,cansa1 to :om x _h 
be5 pr$ict$ t "o born at t "t1 & 9 t    
family1 w\ld de/roy him2 i4 e41 de/roy 8
 p[]4 7,asiat4 ,res4 vol4 i4 p4 #bgc47  
,?is writ] also /ates t ! fir/ ,*ri/ian 
mission>ies :o ent]$ ,india 7 a/oni%$ to
 f9d !re a religion s ne> l _! own1 &   
c\ld only acc\nt = x by suppos+ t !     
devil1 =esee+ ! adv5t ( ,*ri/1 orig9at$ 
a sy/em ( religion 9 advance ( 81 & j l 
x4 ,/at$ 9 o!r words1 he got out !      
second edition ( ! gospel plan (        
salvation be=e ! fir/ edition 0 publi%$ 
or _h an exi/5ce4 ,r a sm>t trick ?is1  
?us to outwit ,god ,almighty4  ,)       
respect to ! va/ antiquity ( ! ,h9doo   
ori5tal religion1 :i* indicates x z be+ 
n only ! s\rce f :i* ! mat]ials ( !     
,*ri/ian religion 7 drawn1 b z be+ !    
p>5t ( all ! lead+ sy/ems1 ) _! ?ree    
?\s& subord9ate bran*es :i* exi/$ at a  
mu* e>li] p]iod ?an ,*ri/ianity1 we ne$ 
only po9t to ! deep *isel$ sculptures & 
imp]i%able monum5ts en/amp$ on _!       
"t-honor$ temples1 tombs1 alt>s1 vases1 

columns1 pagodas1 ru9$ t[]s1 c41 :i*1 ) 
contempor>y inscriptions1 w>rant u 9    
ant$at+ ! religion ( ! ,himmalehas f>   
beyond ! au!ntic records ( any o!r      
religion t has float$ d[n to u on !     
/ream ( "t4 ,! num]\s images ( _!       
crucifi$ ,gods1 ,*ri%na & ,saki1        
emblazon$ on _! old rock temples 9 v>i\s
 p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 "s ( :i* are con/ruct$
 ( clay porphyry1 n[ ! v h>de/ species (
 rock1 ) _! att5dant inscriptions 9 a   
language s v anci5t z to be lo/ to !    
memory ( man1 vie ) ! ,sanscrit 9 age1 !
 olde/ deciph]$ language 9 ! _w4  ,all  
^! & a hundr$ corroboratory hi/orical   
facts fix on ,india z be+ ! bir?place ( 
! "m ( all religions n[ exi/+1 or t ev] 
_h an exi/5ce1 :ile ! great work%op 9   
:i* !y 7 subsequ5tly remodel$ 0 9       
,alex&ria 9 ,egypt1 ^: !ological s*ools 
furni%$ ! model = ne>ly e sy/em n[ f\nd 
notic$ on ! page ( hi/ory--,*ri/ianity (
 c\rse includ$4 ,s mu* = ! unrival$     
antiquity ( ! ,h9doo religion4 ,n[1 ! m 
important qu]y arises1 ,:at relation%ip 

does anci5t hea!n or ,h9doo ,budhism be>
 to ,*ri/ianity8 ,:at is ! evid5ce t !  
latt] is an outgr[? ( ! =m]8 ,z an answ]
 to ?is "q1 ! read] w please note !     
foll[+ facts ( hi/ory3--  #a4 ,alex&ria1
 ! home ( ! _w's great conqu]or1 0 at "o
 p]iod ( "t ! great focal c5t] =        
religi\s speculation & propag&ism1 !    
great emporium = religi\s dogmas ?r\gh\t
 ! ,ea/1 & a place ( resort = !         
disciples ( ne>ly e sy/em ( religi\s    
fai? !n exi/+4  #b4 ,9 ?is capital city1
 compris+ ab\t five hundr$ ?\s&         
inhabitants1 7 e/abli%$ a volum9\s      
libr>y1 & va/ !ological s*ools1 9 :i* m5
 ( e religi\s ord]1 & ( e phase ( fai?1 
met & ex*ang$ religi\s ideas1 & borr[$  
new doctr9es1 ) :i* !y remodel$ _! =m]  
sy/ems ( fai?1 am\nt+ 9 "s cases to an  
entire *ange ( _! long-e/abli%$ cre$s4  
#c4 ,9 ^! !ological s*ools ! ,jewi%     
sect1 :i* aft]w>d became ! f\nd]s (     
,*ri/ianity1 7 ext5sively repres5t$2 =1 
let x be not$1 its fir/ disciples &     
f\nd]s _h all be5 ,jews1 probably ( !   

,ess5e sect4 ,= a long "t ! ,*ri/ians 7 
b a ,jewi% sect1 says ,m4 ,reuss'       
,hi/ory ( ,*ri/ian ,!ology4 ,alex&] _h1 
previ\s to ?is "t 7t is1 ab\t #ccj b4   
c471 subject$ ! :ole ( ,we/]n ,asia to 8
 dom9ions1 includ+1 ( c\rse1 ,! ,holy   
,l&--,judea4  #d4 ,by ?is act a l>ge    
portion ( ! ,jewi% nation 7 transf]r$ f 
_! own c\ntry to ,alex&ria4 ,& ?is numb]
 0 aft]w>d va/ly increas$ by ,alex&]'s  
successor1 ,ptolemy ,sotor1 :o c>ri$ (f 
& settl$ 9 t cr$al city "o hundr$ ?\s& m
 ,jews4  #e4 ,z ! result1 9 "p1 ( ^!    
repeat$ calamities1 ! ,"l's *os5 p 7    
lit]ally brok5 up4 ,!y lo/ _! law1 lo/  
_! lead] & lawgiv]1 lo/ _! language1 lo/
 ! control ( _! c\ntry1 ! ,promis$ ,l&  
:i* 7!y v]ily believ$7 ! ,"l _h de$$ to 
!m 9 fee simple1 & ratifi$ 9 ! high c\rt
 ( heav51 & _h decl>$ !y %\ld hold &    
possess =ev]4 ,& f9ally !y p>tially lo/ 
_! nationality1 be+ lit]ally dissolv$ & 
brok5 up2 & 7 f9ally almo/ lo/ to       
hi/ory--! t5 tribes disappe>+ entirely4 
#f4 ,! ,jews _h ev] manife/$ a pron5ess 

= copy+ aft] ! religi\s cu/oms ( _!     
hea!n neighbors1 & engraft+ _! doctr9es 
into _! own cre$s1 z _! bible hi/ory    
furni%es ample pro(4  #g4 ,9 ,alex&ria a
 v sup]ior opportunity 0 af=d$ = do+    
?is1 excell+ 9 ?is respect any previ\s  
p]iod ( _! hi/ory4  #h4 ,! %att]$       
condition ( _! own religion1 ) all its  
conv5tional cre$s1 cu/oms1 & c]emonies1 
n[ susp5d$ & lit]ally pro/rat$1 z above 
%[n1 va/ly augm5t$ ! temptation ev] rife
 ) !m to make ano!r *ange 9 _! religion1
 & subject _! cre$ to ano!r in/allm5t ( 
new doctr9es1 by :i* x became           
,*ri/ianity4  #i4 ,! lib]al "* & tol]ant
 _s ( ! political & religi\s in/itutions
 ( ! k+dom ( ,alex&ria1 ) its va/ &     
attractive libr>y ( two hundr$ ?\s&     
volumes1 e/abli%$ pr9cipally by ,ptolemy
 ,phila-delphus1 ) o!r attractive       
features already po9t$ out1 furni%$     
great facilities1 z well z increas$     
temptations to religi\s propag&i/s to   
absorb new !ories1 & make new cre$s out 
( ! va/ m$ley ( religi\s doctr9es &     

speculative dogmas prea*$ & propagat$ 9 
t royal city by ! disciples &           
repres5tatives ( ne>ly e religi\s sy/em 
!n 9 exi/5ce1 br\ght toge!r by !        
attractions above specifi$4  #aj4 ,h5ce 
e consid]ation w\ld lead u to conclude1 
tak5 9 connection ) ! facts above /at$1 
& ! well-kn[n borr[+ proclivity &       
imitative prop5sity ( ! ,jews1 t !y w\ld
 n1 & c\ld n1 )/& ! ov]we5+ & ov]p[]+   
temptation to make ano!r radical *ange 9
 _! religion by a new draught on !      
b\ndless res]voir ( speculative ideas1  
religi\s t5ets1 & speci\s !ories !n gl[+
 9 ! popul> s*ools ( ,alex&ria4  #aa4   
,all ! facts above enum]at$ w\ld impel u
 to ! conclusion t ! ,jews w\ld--& e    
page ( hi/ory t\*+ ! matt] proves !y    
did--make important *anges 9 _! religion
 by ?is contact ) ! ori5tal sy/ems1 z !y
 _h repeat$ly done be=e4 ,"s ( ?is pro( 
we w "h pres5t1 to %[ h[ !y orig9at$    
,*ri/ianity4  #ab4 ,! s*ools ( ,alex&ria
 says ,mr4 ,enfield1 a ,*ri/ian writ]1  
by pret5d+ to tea* sublime doctr9es     

conc]n+ ,god & div9e ?+s1 entic$ m5 (   
diff]5t c\ntries & religions1 & among ! 
re/ ! ,jews1 to /udy its my/]ies1 &     
incorporate !m ) _! own4444 ,! ,jewi%   
fai? mix$ ) ! ,py?agorean1 & aft]w>d ) !
 ,egyptian ori5tal !ology 7t is1 !y     
became ,ess5es 9 ! ,grecian s*ool (     
,py?agoras1 :o taught ! doctr9es ( t    
religi\s ord]1 !n ,bud-hi/s 9 !         
,egyptian s*ools ( ,alex&ria74 ,&       
f9ally1 ) ,*ri/ z _! lead]1 :o taught ! 
doctr9es ( bo? s*ools 7!y be+ ess5tially
 alike71 !y assum$ ! "n ( ,*ri/ian 9    
honor ( him1 & ?us is ,*ri/ianity f     
,ess5e ,budhism4  #ac4 ,be]s 9 8 ,hi/ory
 ( ! ,jews1 su/a9s ! above /atem5t by ! 
decl>ation t ! ,ess5ian ,jews fl$ to    
,egypt at ! "t ( ! ,babylonian          
captivity1 & !re became acqua9t$ ) !    
,py?agorean philosophy1 & +raft$ x ^u ! 
religion ( ,moses1 :i* w\ld make !m     
,ess5ian ,budhi/s--= ,cunn+ham assures u
 t ! doctr9e ( ,py?agoras 7 int5sely    
,budhi/ic4 7,philsa4 ,topus1 *ap4 x47   
#ad4 ,we w cond5se a few m hi/orical    

te/imonies relative to ! entire *ange ( 
! ,jewi% fai?1 :ile 9 ,alex&ria1 z well 
z on o!r occasions1 to %[ h[ easy &     
natural x 0 = t portion ( ! ,jews :o    
aft]w>d became ! f\nd]s ( ,*ri/ianity to
 slide into & adopt ,ess5ian ,budhism1  
^: doctr9es !y took to con/itute !      
,*ri/ian religion4  #ae4 ,mr4 ,gibbon   
7*ap4 xxi47 decl>es t ! !ological       
op9ions ( ! ,jews und]w5t great *anges  
by _! contact ) ! v>i\s =eign]s !y f\nd 
9 ,alex&ria4 ,mr4 ,tytl] likewise1 9 8  
,univ]sal ,hi/ory1 assures u t ! ,jewi% 
religion became totally *ang$ by !      
int]mixture ( hea!n doctr9es4 ,dr4      
,campbell also te/ifies t _! views came 
pretty mu* to co9cide ) ^? ( ! pagans4  
7,see 8 ,diss]tation1 vi47 ,& ! au?or ( 
,! ,expositor = #ahed compla9s t ! pagan
 !ology /ole ^u !m f e qu>t]1 & m+l$ 9  
all ! views ( ! !n kn[n tribes1 s t by !
 ye> #aej b4 c41 x _h wr\ght visible    
*anges 9 _! notions & habits ( ?\ght4   
7,p4 #dbc47 ,"h we h ! pro( t ! :ole    
,jewi% religion und]w5t a *ange 9       

,alex&ria4  #af4 ,n[1 mo/1 c]ta9ly a    
nation or sect pr(ess+ a religion s     
easily *ang$1 & possess+ a "* s fickle1 
or s irrepressible z to yield on e      
slight occasion1 & embrace e opportunity
 to imbibe new religi\s ideas &         
doctr9es1 w\ld easily1 if n naturally1  
slide into ! adoption ( ! religi\s sy/em
 !n promulgat$ 9 ,alex&ria "u ! "n (    
,budhism1 & aft]w>d remodel$ or         
trans=m$1 & call$ ,*ri/ianity4  #ag4 ,! 
,jews ( ! ,ess5ian ord]1 z we h 9 "p %[n
 9 a previ\s *apt]1 set =? 9 _! cre$ all
 ! lead+ doctr9es n[ compris$ 9 !       
,*ri/ian religion hundr$s ( ye>s be=e ! 
adv5t ( ,*ri/1 n except+ ! doctr9e ( !  
div9e inc>nation & its adjuncts1 z ^!   
concomitants ( ! pres5t popul> fai?1 we 
w n[ prove1 7 n unkn[n to ! ,jewi%      
!ology1 b con/itut$ a "p ( ! religion ( 
"s ( ! pr9cipal ,jewi% sects4 ,t /&>d   
,*ri/ian au?or1 ,mr4 ,milman1 9 8       
,hi/ory ( ,*ri/ianity1 tells u t !      
doctr9e ( ! inc>nation 7',god manife/ 9 
! fle%'7 0 ! doctr9e f ! ,ganges1 & ev5 

! %ores ( ! ,yell[ ,sea to ! ,ilissus4  
,x 0 ! fundam5tal pr9ciple ( ! ,indian  
,budhi/ religion & philosophy4 ,x 0 !   
basis ( ,zoroa/]ism4 ,x 0 pure          
,platonism4 ,x 0 ,platonic ,judaism 9 ! 
,alex&rian s*ool4 ,"h x is positively   
decl>$1 by a popul> ,*ri/ian writ]1 ^:  
"w is a "p ( ne>ly e popul> libr>y 9    
,*ri/i&om z a /&>d au?ority1 t !        
appe>ance ( ,god among/ m5 9 ! human =m1
 by human bir?1 0 a doctr9e ( ! ,jewi%  
religion 9 "s ( its bran*es1 especially 
! ,ess5ian bran*--fur!r pro( t          
,*ri/ianity orig9at$ no?+1 & gave       
utt]ance to no new doctr9e or precepts1 
& p]=m$ no new miracles4 ,:]e1 !n1 is ! 
claim = its orig9ality8 ,on :at gr\nd is
 x pr$icat$8 ,please answ] u1 good      
,*ri/ian bro!r4  #ah4 ,x is a "q ( no   
importance1 if x c\ld be settl$1 :e!r   
,*ri/ianity is a direct outgr[? f "o ( !
 new-fangl$ sects ( ,judaism1 or :e!r x 
d]iv$ a portion ( its doctr9es f ?is    
s\rce & ! balance f ascetic ,budhism4   
,yet we reg>d x z an incontrov]tible    

proposition t x all grew out ( ,budhism 
orig9ally1 ei!r directly or indirectly4 
#ai4 ,*ri/ may h receiv$ 8 doctr9es     
secondh&$1 all or a portion f ! ,ess5ian
 ,jews2 = t sect held all ! lead+       
doctr9es ( ,budhism 7z we h %[n 9 a     
previ\s *apt]71 :i* n[ goes "u ! "n ( ! 
religion ( ,jesus ,*ri/4  #bj4 ,or we   
may indulge ! n unreasonable hypo!sis t 
! f\nd]s ( ,*ri/ianity1 :o republi%$ !  
doctr9es ( ,budhism & adopt$ !m z _!    
own1 receiv$ !m all direct f ! disciples
 ( t religi\s ord]2 = !y 7 ev]y:]e1 z "o
 writ] 7,mr4 ,taylor7 decl>es1 speak+ ( 
_! ext5sive travels to propagate _!     
doctr9es ?r\gh ! _w4 ,& x 0 ab\t t      
p]iod1 z ,mr4 ,goodri* in=ms u1 !y s5t  
out n9e hundr$ mission>ies1 :o made six 
millions ( conv]ts1--a small fraction ( 
_! pres5t numb] 7?ree hundr$ & eighty   
millions1 z giv5 by "s ( our            
geographies71--"o ?ird m ?an ! entire   
c5sus ( ,*ri/5dom1 & six times ! numb] (
 believ]s 9 ! ,*ri/ian religion1 if we  
omit ,greeks & ,ca?olics4 ,x is4 z a    

writ] rem>ks1 ! olde/ & mo/ widely      
spread religion 9 ! _w4 ,&1 :atev]      
hypo!sis may be adduc$ to acc\nt = !    
fact1 ,*ri/ianity is n[ all ,budhism4   
#ba4 ,x is impossible1 ) ! hi/oric      
d>kness :i* at pres5t environs & becl\ds
 our pa?way1 to det]m9e at :at p]iod or 
9 :at mann] ,*ri/ became an             
,ess5e1--:e!r he 0 born ( ,ess5ian      
p>5ts1 or became a conv]t to !          
fai?1--because ! :ole p]iod ( 8 life1 ) 
! exception ( ab\t ?ree ye>s1 is a total
 blank 9 hi/ory4 ,!re is b "o incid5t   
relat$ ( 8 movem5ts by 8 bible          
biograph]s prior to 8 tw5ty-sev5? ye>1  
leav+ m ?an a qu>t] ( a c5tury ( 8      
probably active life unreport$--a p]iod 
t may h witness$ sev]al important *anges
 9 8 religion4 ,we h n ev5 8 ance/ry    
report$ 9 8 scriptural biography1 9 ei!r
 p>5tal l9e1 unless we assume ,joseph to
 h be5 8 fa!r4 ,! p>5tal l9eage ( 8 "m  
is entirely omitt$ ,_h we 8 l9e (       
ance/ry1 or c\ld we trace him back to 8 
national or family orig91 we d\bt n b we

 %\ld !re f9d a clue to ! orig9 ( 8     
religion4 ,we %\ld f9d 8 ance/ors 7     
,ess5ian ,jews4  #bb4 ,nor c we fix !   
date :5 ,ess5ian ,budhism among ! ,jews 
receiv$ ! "n ( ,*ri/ianity = a simil>   
reason4 ,!re is a l9k--a *a9 ( ev5ts (  
f\r hundr$ ye>s left out ( ! bible      
betwe5 ,judaism & ,*ri/ianity--?us lack+
 f\r hundr$ ye>s ( connect+ ! two       
religions toge!r1 or ( %[+ h[ ! latt]   
grew out ( ! =m]4 ,mala*i1 ! la/ book ( 
! ,old ,te/am5t1 ant$ates ! fir/ ev5ts (
 ,*ri/ian hi/ory f\r c5turies1 or twelve
 g5]ations1 ?us leav+ a wide & d>k gap  
betwe5 !m4 ,& besides1 we _c f9d ! "n ( 
,*ri/ or ,*ri/ianity m5tion$ 9 any ( !  
contempor>y hi/ories ( t era till "o    
hundr$ & f\r ye>s aft] ! "t fix$ =      
,*ri/'s bir? by ,*ri/5dom2 ,tacitus be+ 
! fir/ writ] :o names ei!r1 & ?is 0 at t
 date4  #bc4 ,^! facts disclose ! :ole  
secret ) respect to ! my/]y & d>kness   
?r[n ar\nd ! orig9 ( ! ,*ri/ian         
religion--! h[1 ! :51 & ! :]e ( its     
orig94 ,t *apt] ( ,*ri/ian hi/ory is    

left out ( ! record4 ,! bible acc\nt    
itself is b fragm5t>y1 z x leaves n9e   
t5?s ( ,*ri/'s hi/ory a                 
blank1--tw5ty-sev5 ye>s out ( !         
?irty1--& omits all m5tion ( 8 ance/ors 
beyond 8 gr&mo!r1 & leaves ev5 ! "t ( 8 
bir? a blank4 ,! rese>*es ( ! le>n$1    
says ,mr4 ,mo%eim 7a /&>d ,*ri/ian      
au?or71 ?\gh long & ably conduct$1 h be5
 unable to fix ! "t ( ,*ri/'s bir? )    
c]ta9ty4 7,eccl4 ,hi/4 p4 #bc47         
,wond]ful admission1 truly1 z x is an   
evid5ce t no?+ else c be fix$ ) c]ta9ty1
 ) respect to ! hi/ory ( ! man ,*ri/    
,jesus1 only t 8 doctr9es & precepts 7  
all borr[$ p]haps dur+ ! tw5ty-sev5 d>k 
& my/]ies ye>s ( 8 life1 if n an ,ess5e 
by bir?4  #bd4 ,!re is no escap+ !      
conclusion t ,*ri/ianity is a borr[$    
sy/em--an outgr[? & remodel+ ( ,budhism1
 ) a *ange ( "n only4 ,a ?\s& facts (   
hi/ory prove & proclaim x1 & ! v]dict ( 
po/]ity w be unanim\s 9 affirm+ x4  #be4
 ,f ! almo/ endless *a9 ( analogies1    
exhibit+ a /rik+ resemblance ev5 9 _!   

m9ute details ( ,*ri/ianity & ,budhism1 
we are compell$ to conclude t "o furni%$
 ! mat]ials = ! o!r2 t "o is ! (fspr+--!
 legitimate *ild--( ! o!r4 ,& z x is a  
settl$ hi/orical fact t ,budhism is mu* 
! old] sy/em1 !re is h5ce no difficulty 
9 det]m9+ :i* is ! p>5t & :i* is ! *ild4
  #bf4 ,9 ! ,h9doo /ory ( ! creation ( !
 human race1 we f9d ,adimo & ,heva giv5 
z ! names ( ! fir/ man & woman answ]+ to
 our ,adam & ,eve4 ,& our ,%em1 ,ham1 & 
,japhe? are traceable to _! ,%]ma1      
,hama1 & ,jiapheta2 ! diff]5ce 9 ! mode 
( spell+ is probably ow+ to ! diff]5ce 9
 ! languages4 ,& "u ! new era we h ,*ri/
 ,jesus answ]+ to _! ,*ri%na ,zeus1 z "s
 writ]s give ! "n ( ! eigh? ,avat>4 ,& =
 ,maia1 a godmo!r1 we h ,m>y4 ,& o!r    
simil> analogies might be po9t$ out     
besides ! long /r+ ( /rik+ly simil>     
ev5ts previ\sly pres5t$ 9 ! hi/ory ( !  
two ,saviors 7,*ri/ & ,*ri%na71 am\nt+  
to hundr$s4  #bg4 ,su* an almo/ c\ntless
 li/ ( simil> & ne>ly id5tical incid5ts 
bids defiance1 & absolutely sets at     

naught all attempts to acc\nt = x z a   
m]e =tuit\s accid5t4 ,!re is no o!r     
explanation possible b t ,*ri/ianity is 
a re-vamp or re-e/abli%m5t ( ,budhism4  
#bh4 ,"h let x be not$ t ,*ri/ianity 0 n
 ! only religion :i* 0 rehabilitat$ 9 ! 
,alex&rian s*ools4 ,on ! contr>y1 all ! 
popul> ori5tal sy/ems !n 9 active be+ _h
 long previ\sly pass$ ?r\gh ! same      
repres5tative !ological s*ools &        
cre$-mak+ in/itutions ( t royal &       
comm]cial city4 ,all 7 remodel$ 9 its   
!ological work%ops--a fact :i* acc\nts  
mo/ conclusively = ! same tra9 (        
religions ideas & hi/orical incid5ts be+
 f\nd 9 ! lat] sacr$ books ( ea*4 ,&    
besides1 ,sir ,william ,jones says1 ,!  
disciples ( ^! v>i\s sy/ems ( religion  
_h int]c\rse ) ea* o!r long be=e ! "t ( 
,*ri/1 :i* w\ld necess>ily br+ ab\t a   
uni=mity 9 ! doctr9es & g5]al "* ( ea*  
sy/em4  #bi4 ,! disciples ( all !       
religi\s sy/ems cit$ _! initiatory      
miracles z a pro( ( be+ on famili> t]ms 
) ,god ,almighty4 ,!y all 7z is claim$7 

heal$ ! sick2 all re/or$ ! deaf1 ! dumb1
 & ! bl9d2 all ca/ out devils1 & all    
rais$ ! dead4 7,see *apt] on ,p>allels47
 ,9 fact1 all _! miracles & leg5d>y     
m>vels run 9 p>allel l9es1 because all 7
 reca/ 9 ! same cre$-mold 9 ,alex&ria4  
,a co9cid5ce is ?us beautifully expla9$1
 :i* w\ld o!rwise be h>d to acc\nt =4   
#cj4 ,mr4 ,gibbon says1 ,x 0 9 ! s*ool (
 ,alex&ria t ! ,*ri/ian !ology appe>s to
 h assum$ a regul> & sci5tific =m       
7,decl9e1 c41 *ap4 xv472 t is1 ! regul> 
& sci5tific =m ( ,budhism or ,ess5ism4  
#ca4 ,pregnant ) mean+ is ! text1 ,x 0 9
 ! city ( ,antio* ! disciples 7 fir/    
call$ ,*ri/ians4 7,acts xi4 #cf47 ,"h is
 conclusive pro( t ! disciples ( !      
,*ri/ian fai? 7 n always kn[n by ! same 
"n1 & 7 n at fir/ call$ ,*ri/ians4 ,!n  
:at 7 !y call$ dur+ ! e>li] ye>s ( _!   
hi/ory8  ,"h is a great & important     
qu]y1 & "o involv+ a mom5t\s problem4   
,c\ple ! two facts toge!r1 t ! disciples
 7 fir/ kn[n z ,*ri/ians at ,antio*1 & t
 ! ,ess5ian ord] ( believ]s expir$ & w5t

 out ( hi/ory ab\t t p]iod1 & ! "q is at
 once & =ev] satisfactorily settl$4 ,x 0
 n an infrequ5t act on mak+ important   
*anges 9 a religion1 & adopt+ "s new    
items ( fai? to *ange ! title ( ! sy/em1
 & give x a new "n4  ,aft] ,alex&]      
,campbell _h made "s modifications 9 8  
previ\s religi\s fai?1 & />t$ a new     
*ur*1 8 foll[]s 7 popul>ly call$        
,campbellites4 ,elias ,hicks +raft$ "s  
re=m ideas into ! ,quak] fai?1 &        
in/itut$ a new society ( t ord]4 ,h5ce1 
& h5ce=?1 8 disciples 7 kn[n z          
,hicksites4 ,9 l mann] ,jesus ,*ri/ hav+
 made "s innovations 9 8 inh]it$ ,jewi% 
fai? 7:i* 0 ( ! ,ess5e /amp7 by +raft+ m
 ( ! ,budhi/ doctr9e into x1 8 foll[]s 7
 h5ce=? call$ ,*ri/ians4 ,h[ complete ! 
analogy6 ,"h let x be borne 9 m9d1 z    
p[]fully confirmatory ( ?is conclusion1 
t ! fir/ ,*ri/ians 7 7z hi/ory affirms7 
m]ely re=matory ,jews4 ,! twelve *os5 7 
all ,jews1 probably ( ! ,ess5e ord]4    
,accord+ to ! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,prideaux      
7,jewi% ,hi/ory71 ! ,jews ( ?is ord] 7  

fir/ call$ ,israelites1 9 common ) ! o!r
 tribes2 !n ,*assidim2 & ?irdly ,ess5es4
 ,& f9ally1 aft] ! ,ess5ian ,jesus      
,*ri/1 ) "s new radical ideas1          
proclaim$1 ,ye h he>d x ha? be5 said by 
!m ( old "t ?us & s1 b ,i say unto y    
diff]5tly4 ,! title 0 aga9 *ang$1 & !y  
adopt$ or receiv$ ! "n ( ,*ri/ians--!   
,ess5es go+ out ( hi/ory at ! v date    
,*ri/ians fir/ appe> 9 hi/ory4 ,put ?is 
& t toge!r1 & ! *a9 is weld$4 ,?us we c 
z easily trace ! orig9 ( ,*ri/ianity z  
we c trace ! orig9 ( a root runn+ b5ea? 
! soil 9 ! direction ( a c]ta9 tree4    
,hi/ory1 !n1 proclaims t to ! hone/1    
pi\s1 deeply-dev\t1 self-d5y+1 yet      
ignorant1 slo?ful1 & fil?y ,budhi/ic    
,ess5es mu/ be aw>d$ ! honor or di%onor 
( giv+ bir? to t sy/em ( religion n[    
kn[n z ,*ri/ianity4   ,,*ri%na ,,z ,a   
,,god--,,additional ,,facts4  ,! foll[+ 
additional facts relative to ! hi/ory1  
"*1 life1 & tea*+s ( ,zeus ,*ri%na1 or  
,jeseus ,*ri/na 7z /yl$ by "o writ]7 are
 drawn mo/ly f ! ,v$as1 ,baghavat1 ,gita

 7,bible 9 ,india74  #a4 ,8 ,virg9 ,"m1 
h] ,"*4--,! holy book decl>es1 t ?r\gh  
h] ! designs ( ,god 7 accompli%$4 ,%e 0 
pure & *a/e2 no animal food ev] t\*$ h] 
lips2 honey & milk 7 h] su/5ance2 h] "t 
0 sp5t 9 solitude1 lo/ 9 ! contemplation
 ( ,god :o %[]$ ^u h] innum]able        
bless+s2 %e look$ ^u dea? z ! bir? to a 
new & bett] life2 :5 %e travel$1 a      
column ( fire 9 ! heav5s w5t be=e h] to 
guide h]4 ,"o ev5+1 z %e 0 pray+1 %e    
he>d cele/ial music1 & fell into a      
pr(\nd ec/asy1 & be+ ov]%ad[$ by ! _s ( 
,god1 %e conceiv$ ! ,god ,*ri%na4       
7,baghavat1 ,gita74  #b4 ,*ri%na1 8     
,life & ,mission4--,?is s9-aton+ ,god 0 
ab\t sixte5 :5 he comm5c$ active life4  
,l ,*ri/1 he *ose twelve disciples to   
aid him 9 propagat+ 8 doctr9es4 ,he sp5t
 8 "t work+ miracles1 resuscitat+ !     
dead1 heal+ lep]s1 re/or+ ! deaf & !    
bl9d1 def5d+ ! weak aga9/ ! /rong1 & !  
oppress$ aga9/ ! oppressor1 & 9         
proclaim+ 8 div9e mission to r$eem man f
 orig9al s91 & bani% evil1 & re/ore !   

reign ( good4 7,baghavat1 ,gita47 ,x is 
decl>$ t he came to tea* peace1 *>ity1  
love to man1 self-respect1 ! practice ( 
good = its own sake1 & fai? 9 !         
inexhau/ible goodness ( ! ,creator2 also
 to prea* ! immortality ( ! s\l1 & !    
doctr9e ( future rew>ds & puni%m5ts1 &  
to vanqui% ! pr9ce ( d>kness1 ,rak%as4  
,x is fur!r decl>$ t ,brahma s5t 8 son  
7,*ri%na7 ^u ! e>? to die = ! salvation 
( man4 ,8 l(ty precepts & ! purity ( 8  
life spread 8 fame ?r\gh\t all ,india1 &
 f9ally won = him m ?an ?ree millions ( 
foll[]s4 ,he inculcat$ ! sublime/       
doctr9es1 & ! pure/ morals1 & ! gr&     
pr9ciples ( *>ity & self-d5ial4 ,he     
=bade rev5ge1 & comm&$ to return good = 
evil1 & consol$ ! feeble & ! unhappy4   
,he liv$ poor1 & lov$ ! poor4 ,he liv$  
*a/e1 & enjo9$ *a/ity4 ,problems ! mo/  
l(ty1 & morals ! mo/ pure & sublime1 & !
 future de/9y ( man1 7 !mes :i* engag$ 8
 mo/ pr(\nd att5tion4  ,*ri%na1 we w    
v5ture to say 7says ! ,bible 9 ,india7 0
 ! greate/ ( philosoph]s1 n only (      

,india1 b ( ! entire _w4 ,he 0 ! gr&e/  
moral figure ( anci5t times4 7,bible 9  
,india47 ,*ri%na 0 a morali/ & a        
philosoph]4 ,we %\ld admire 8 moral     
lessons1 s sublime & s pure4 ,he 0      
recogniz$ z ! ',div9e ,^w4' ,he receiv$ 
! title ( ,jeseus1 :i* means pure       
,ess5se4 ,*ri%na signifies ! ,promis$ ( 
,god1 ! ,messiah4 ,:5 he prea*$1 he (t5 
spoke f a m\nt4 ,he also spoke 9        
p>ables4 ',p>able plays a great "p 9 !  
famili> in/ructions ( ?is ,h9doo        
,r$eem]4' ,he relates a v int]e/+ p>able
 ( a fi%]man :o 0 mu* p]secut$ by 8     
neighbors1 b :o 9 ! "t ( a sev]e fam9e1 
:5 ! p 7 suff]+ & dy+ = ! want ( food1  
be+ s noble z to return good = evil1 he 
c>ri$ food to ^! same p]secut+ enemies1 
& ?us sav$ !m f />vation4 ,!re=e1 said  
he d good to all1 bo? ! evil & ! good1  
ev5 y\r enemies4  ,8 addresses to ! p 7 
simple1 b to 8 disciples !y 7 elevat$ & 
philosophical4 ,su* 0 ! wisdom ( 8      
s]mons & 8 p>ables1 t ! p cr[d$ ar\nd   
him1 eag] to behold & he> him1 say+1    

,?is is inde$ ! ,r$eem] promis$ to our  
,fa!rs4 ,great multitudes foll[$ him1   
exclaim+1 ,?is is he :o resuscitates !  
dead1 & heals ! lame1 & ! deaf1 & !     
bl9d4 ,on "o occasion1 z he ent]$       
,madura 7z ,*ri/ once ent]$ ,j]usalem71 
! p came out 9 flocks to meet him1 &    
/rew$ bran*es 9 8 way4 ,on ano!r        
occasion two wom5 approa*$ him1 ano9t$  
him ) oil1 & wor%ip$ him4 ,:5 ! p       
murmur$ at ?is wa/e1 he repli$1 ,bett]  
is a little giv5 ) an humble he>t ?an   
mu* giv5 ) o/5tation4 ,su* 0 8 s5se (   
decorum1 t he admoni%$ "s girls he once 
obs]v$ play+ 9 a /ate ( nudity on ! bank
 ( a riv] aft] ba?+4 ,!y rep5t$1 ask$ 8 
=giv5ess1 & re=m$4 ,! foll[]s ( ,*ri%na 
practic$ all ! virtues1 & obs]v$ a      
complete abnegation ( self 7self-d5ial71
 & liv$ poor1 hop+ = a rew>d 9 ! future 
life4 ,!y occupi$ all _! "t 9 ! s]vice (
 _! ,div9e ,ma/]4 ,pure & maje/ic 0 _!  
wor%ip4 ,*ri%na _h a favorite disciple  
,adjaurna1 :o su/a9$ to him ! relation (
 ,john to ,*ri/1 :ile ,angada act$ ! "p 

( ,judas by foll[+ him to ! ,ganges &   
betray+ him4  #c4 ,8 la/ ,h\rs4--,:5    
,*ri%na knew 8 h\r _h come1 =bidd+ 8    
disciples to foll[ him1 he repair$ to ! 
bank ( ! ,riv] ,ganges2 & hav+ p]=m$    
?ree ablutions1 he knelt d[n1 & look+ up
 to heav51 he pray$ to ,brahma4 ,:ile   
nail$ to ! cross1 ! tree on :i* he 0    
susp5d$ became sudd5ly cov]$ ) great r$ 
fl[]s1 :i* diffus$ _! fragrance all     
ar\nd4 ,& x is said he (t5 appe>$ to 8  
disciples aft] 8 dea? 9 all 8 div9e     
maje/y4  #d4 ,! second ,adv5t (         
,*ri%na4--,!re is n a ,h9doo or a       
,brahm9 :o does n look ^u ! second com+ 
( ,*ri%na z an e/abli%$ article ( fai?4 
,_! holy bibles 7! ,v$as & ,gita7       
prophesy ( him ?us3 ,he %all come cr[n$ 
) lights2 he %all come1 & ! heav5s & !  
e>? %all be joy\s2 ! />s %all pale be=e 
8 spl5dor2 ! e>? w be too small to      
conta9 him1 = he is inf9ite1 he is      
,almighty1 he is ,wisdom1 he is ,beauty1
 he is all & 9 all2 & all m51 all       
animat$ be+s1 bea/s1 birds1 trees1 &    

plants1 w *ant 8 praises2 he w reg5]ate 
all bodies1 & purify all s\ls4 ,he w be 
z sweet z honey & ambrosia1 & z pure z !
 lamb )\t spot1 or z ! lips ( a virg94  
,all he>ts w be transport$ ) joy4 ,f !  
ris+ to ! sett+ ( ! sun x w be a day (  
joy & exultation1 :5 ?is ,god %all      
manife/ 8 p[] & 8 glory1 & reconcile !  
_w unto himself4 ,su* are a few ( !     
prophetic utt]ances ( 8 dev\t & pray]ful
 disciples4  ,we f9d1 says a writ]1 9   
all ! !ogonies ( diff]5t c\ntries ! hope
 ( ! adv5t ( a ,god 7ei!r 8 fir/ or 8   
second com+7--a hope :i* sprang f a s5se
 ( _! own imp]fections & suff]+s1 :i*   
naturally induc$ !m to look = a div9e   
,r$eem]4  #e4 ,precepts (               
,*ri%na4--,num]\s are ! prescriptive    
admonitions f\nd 9 ! holy books :i* set 
=? ! religion ( ?is hea!n demigod 7s    
call$ by ,*ri/ian pr(essors74 ,!y       
app]ta9 to all ! duties ( life1 b are   
too num]\s to be quot$ "h4 ,^? app]ta9+ 
to woman enjo9 ! mo/ sacr$ reg>d = h]   
rights1 su* z woman %\ld be protect$ )  

t5d]ness1 & %ield$ ) fo/]+ solicitude4  
,!re is no crime m odi\s ?an to p]secute
 woman1 or take advantage ( h] weakness4
 ,degrade woman & y degrade man4 ,= o!r 
simil> precepts1 see ,*apt] ,,xxxii4 ,! 
injunctions to read _! holy bible 7!    
,v$as1 c47 are q num]\s1 su* z1 ,let him
 /udy ! holy ,scriptures unceas+ly ,pray
 night & morn+1 & read ! holy           
,scriptures 9 ! attitude ( devotion4 ,& 
_m ( !m read x ?r\gh ^u _! knees4 7,see 
,*ap4 ,,xliv47 ,we h n space = a fur!r  
exposition ( ?is subject "h2 b x w be   
f\nd m fully set =? 9 ! pamphlet1 ,*ri/ 
& ,*ri%na ,comp>$1 :i* w1 p]haps1 become
 an ,app5dix to ?is "w4  ,x may be      
object$ t !re are precepts & /ories to  
be f\nd 9 ! religion ( ?is ,h9doo ,god  
7,*ri%na71 :i* reflect b little cr$it or
 honor ^u t religion4 ,?is is true4 ,&  
simil> reflections w\ld mat]ially damage
 ! religion ( ,*ri/ianity also4 ,! /ory 
( ,*ri/ beat+ & maltreat+ ! money-*ang]s
 9 ! temple1 8 curs+ an innoc5t1        
un(f5d+1 & unconsci\s fig tree1 & 8     

indulg5ce 9 pr(ane swe>+ at 8           
enemies1--,o ye fools & bl9d1 ye        
g5]ation ( vip]s1 h[ c y escape !       
damnation ( hell6--does n reflect any   
cr$it ^u 8 religion1 view$ z a sy/em4   
,defects1 !n1 may be f\nd 9 bo? sy/ems4 
,9 view+ ! analogies ( ! two religions1 
x %\ld be not$ t ! ,h9doos claim1 ) a   
=cible %[ ( facts & logic1 t ! religion 
( ,*ri/ianity grew out ( !irs4 ,x has n 
be5 long s9ce a le>n$ ,h9doo ma9ta9$ ?is
 position 9 a public debate ) a         
mission>y4 ,if all ^! facts effect no?+ 
9 ! way ( induc+ ! ,*ri/ian cl]gy to    
confess ! falsity ( _! position 9 claim+
 _! religion to be a direct emanation f 
,god1 x w be a sad comm5t>y ^u ei!r _!  
intellig5ce or _! hone/y4  ,^! hi/orical
 facts1 ) ^? set =? 9 ! prec$+ *apt]s1  
prove t ! religion call$ ,*ri/ianity1   
in/ead ( be+1 z ,*ri/ians claim1 !      
product ( ! ,div9e ,m9d1 is ! product ( 
hea!n m9ds2 i4 e41 a spontane\s outgr[? 
( ! moral & religi\s elem5ts ( ! human  
m9d4 ,& !re=e1 = ,god to h reveal$ x ov]

 aga9 to ! f\nd]s ( ,*ri/ianity w\ld h  
be5 sup]flu\s1 & a pro( ( 8 ignorance ( 
hi/ory4  ,note4--,! au?or deems x prop] 
to /ate "h1 ) respect to ! comp>ison    
betwe5 ,*ri/ & ,*ri%na1 t "s ( !        
doctr9es :i* he has select$ z con/itut+ 
a "p ( ! religion ( ! ,h9doo ,savior1   
are n f\nd 9 ! report$ tea*+s ( t deifi$
 morali/4 ,b z !y appe> to brea! =? !   
same _s1 x is presum$ he w\ld h indors$ 
!m1 _h !y come "u 8 notice4 ,z ,*ri/ians
 assume ! lib]ty to arrange ! doctr9es (
 ,paul & ,pet] "u ! head ( ,*ri/ianity  
because claim$ to be 9 consonance ) !   
religion ( ,*ri/1 ?\gh n all taught by  
him1 ! au?or1 9 l mann]1 has assum$1 t  
"s doctr9es taught by o!r sy/ems &      
religi\s tea*]s ( ,india accord ) ^?    
taught by ,*ri%na1 & h5ce has arrang$ !m
 ) 84 ,! au?or's purpose is n to set =? 
! doctr9es ( any sect1 any sy/em1 or any
 religi\s tea*]1 b to %[ t all !        
doctr9es ( ,*ri/ianity are traceable to 
anci5t ,india4 ,b :e!r taught by ?is    
sect or t sect1 x is =eign to our       

purpose to inquire2 & h5ce1 = conv5i5ce1
 he has arrang$ !m all into "o sy/em1 & 
designat$ !m ,*ri%nianity 7borr[+ a new 
t]m74 ,!re c be no m impropriety1 he    
presumes1 9 arrang+ ! doctr9es ( ! v>i\s
 conflict+ sects ( ,india into "o sy/em 
7includ+ ev5 ,brahm9ism & ,budhism71 ?an
 to arrange1 z ,*ri/ians d1 ! doctr9es  
taught by ! antagno/ic sy/em (          
,ca?olicism & ,prote/antism1 & _! six   
hundr$ conflict+ sects1 "u ! head (     
,*ri/ianity4 ,h5ce1 ,*ri/ians1 ( c\rse1 
w n fault ! arrangem5t4 ,!              
classification above allud$ to          
comprises1 9 "p1 ! religion ( _m ( !    
,h9doo sects1 b does n set =? all _!    
doctr9es1 only ^? analog\s to           
,*ri/ianity4 ,*ri%na 0 a ,vi%nuite1 & n 
a ,brahm91 z "s writ]s assume4 ,he &    
,*ri/ 7 bo? re=m]s1 & dep>t$ f ! anci5t 
fai?4 ,vi%nuism appe>s to h f9ally c5t]$
 9 ,budhism4     ,,*apt] ,,xxxiii4      
,,apollonius1 ,,osiris1 ,,magus1        
,,etc4--,,gods   ,,miracul\s            
,,a*ievem5ts ,,( ,,o!r ,,gods ,,&       

,,demi-,,gods ,,( ,,antiquity4  ,,! age 
9 :i* ,*ri/ fl\ri%$1 z be=e rem>k$1 0   
pre-em95tly an age ( miracle4 ,!        
practice ( ?aumaturgy1 & ! leg5ds inve/$
 ) ! display ( ! miracle-work+ p[]1 bo? 
prec$+ & subsequ5t to t era1 rose to a  
great height4 ,all nations ( t "t1 says 
a writ]1 7 mightily b5t on work+        
miracles4 ,& ! disciples :o act$ ! "p ( 
biograph]s = ! v>i\s crucifi$ ,gods &   
s9-aton+ ,saviors1 ?r\gh\t ! ,ea/1 seem$
 to vie ) ea* o!r 9 sett+ (f ! lives &  
hi/ories ( _! favorite objects ( wor%ip 
respectively1 ) m>vel\s exploits & !    
pageantry ( ! mo/ a/\nd+ prodigies4 ,& !
 miracles 9 ea* case 7 pretty mu* ( !   
same "*1 ?us indicat+ a common c\rse =  
_! orig91--all probably hav+ be5 ca/ 9 !
 same mold--9 ! !ological s*ools ( !    
once fam\s1 _w-r5[n$ city ( ,alex&ria1 !
 capital ( ,egypt4 ,hav+1 9 ! prec$+    
*apt]s1 pres5t$ ! miracul\s a*ievem5ts (
 ! ,h9doo ,gods1 ,*ri%na & ,saki1 we w  
"h br+ to notice ^? ( o!r ,gods4   ,,!  
,,miracles ,,record$ ,,( ,,alcides1     

,,osiris1 ,,& ,,o!r ,,gods ,,( ,,egypt4 
#a4 ,we h ! miracul\s bir? by a virg9 9 
! case ( ,alcides4  #b4 ,osiris1 :ile a 
suck+ infant 9 8 cradle1 kill$ two      
s]p5ts :i* came to de/roy him4  #c4     
,alcides p]=m$ _m miracul\s cures4  #d4 
,accord+ to ,ovid he cur$ by a miracle !
 daught] ( ,ar*iades4  #e4 ,also ! wife 
( ,!og5es1 aft] ! doctors _h giv5 h] up4
  #f4 ,& bo? ^! ,gods conv]t$ wat] into 
w9e4  #g4 ,bo? ( !m frequ5tly ca/ out   
devils4  #h4 ,julius decl>es ,alcides   
rais$ ,tynd>us & ,hippo-litus f ! dead4 
#i4 ,:5 ,zulis 0 crucifi$1 ! sun became 
d>k & ! moon refus$ to %9e4  #aj4 ,bo?  
he & ,osiris 7 resurrect$ by a miracle4 
#ab4 ,bo? asc5d to heav5 9 sight ( _m   
witnesses4  #ab4 ,& f9ally we are told t
 f ,alex&ria ! :ole empire became fill$ 
) ! fame ( ^! miracle-work]s1 :o re/or$ 
! bl9d to sight1 cur$ ! p>alytic1 caus$ 
! dumb to speak1 ! lame to walk1 c4 ,all
 ^! miracles 7 z cr$ibly relat$ ( ^!    
,gods z simil> miracles ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 
,,miracles ,,p]=m$ ,,by ,,py?agoras ,,& 

,,o!r ,,gods ,,( ,,greece4  #a4         
,py?agoras 0 a _s 9 heav5 be=e he 0 born
 on e>?4  #b4 ,8 bir? 0 miracul\sly     
=etold4  #c4 ,8 "m conceiv$ him by a    
spect] 7! ,holy ,gho/74  #d4 ,8 "m      
7,py!as7 0 a holy virg9 ( great moral   
purity4  #e4 ,plato's "m1 ,p>etonia     
7says ,olympiodorus71 conceiv$ him by ! 
,god ,apollo4  #f4 ,py?agoras 9 8 y\?   
a/oni%es ! doctors by 8 wisdom4  #g4 ,0 
wor%ip$ z ! ,son ( ,god1 ,p>aclete1     
,*ild ( ,div9ity1 c4  #h4 ,coaid see    
ev5ts _m ages 9 ! future 7says          
,ri*>dson1 8 biograph]74  #i4 ,c\ld br+ 
d[n ! eagle f 8 l(ty height by comm&4   
#aj4 ,c\ld approa* & subdue ! wild1     
f]oci\s ,daunian be>4  #aa4 ,c\ld1 l    
,*ri/1 appe> at two places at once4     
#ab4 ,c\ld walk on ! wat] & travel on ! 
air4  #ac4 ,c\ld disc]n & read ! ?\ghts 
( 8 disciples4  #ad4 ,c\ld h&le poison\s
 reptiles ) impunity4  #ae4 ,cur$ all   
mann] ( diseases4  #af4 ,re/or$ sight to
 ! bl9d4  #ag4 ,he ca/ out devils4  #ah4
 ,jamblicus says he c\ld allay /orms on 

! sea4  #ai4 ,rais$ sev]al p]sons f !   
dead4  #bj4 ,&1 f9ally1 a ?\s& o!r      
wond]ful ?+s are told ( him1 says       
,jamblicus4  ,) respect to 8 "*1 x is   
said t = humility1 & practical goodness1
 & ! wisdom ( 8 moral precepts1 he /ood 
)\t a rival4 ,he disc>d$ bloody         
sacrifices1 disc\rag$ w>s1 =bade ! use (
 w9e & o!r intoxicat+ dr9ks1 enjo9$ !   
=giv5ess ( enemies & _! k9d treatm5t1 & 
also respect to p>5ts4 ,he 0 a special  
fri5d to ! poor1 & taught t !y 7 !      
favorites ( ,god4 ,bless$ are ye poor4  
,he practic$ & recomm5d$ ! sil5t wor%ip 
( ,god4 ,he retir$ f ! _w1 & (t5 fa/$1 &
 0 a great enemy to ri*es 7l ,jesus     
,*ri/74 ,he consid]$ pov]ty a virtue1 & 
despis$ ! pomp ( ! _w4 ,he recomm5d$ 7l 
,*ri/7 ! ab&onm5t ( p>5ts1 relations1 & 
fri5ds1 h\ses & l&s1 c41 = religion's   
sake4 ,8 disciples1 l ^? ( ,*ri/1 _h a  
common treasury & a g5]al community (   
goods1 to :i* all _h free access1 s t   
!re 0 no pov]ty or suff]+ among/ !m :ile
 ! supply la/$4 ,all %>$ alike4 ,9 fact1

 ) respect to ! _s ( 8 precepts1 8 moral
 lessons1 & ne>ly 8 :ole practical life1
 he bore a /rik+ resemblance to ,jesus  
,*ri/1 & pres5t$ ! same k9d ( evid5ce1 &
 equally conv9c+ evid5ce1 ( be+ a ,god4 
,& z he 0 born into ! _w five hundr$ &  
fifty-f\r ye>s be=e ,*ri/1 ! latt]      
probably obta9$ ! mat]ials ( 8 moral    
sy/em f t ,grecian tea*]1 or 9 ! same   
s*ool ( ! ,ess5ian ,budhi/s1 9 :i* bo?  
,py?agoras & ,*ri/ appe> to h tak5      
lessons4   ,,miracles ,,( ,,! ,,roman   
,,gods ,,quir9us ,,& ,,prome!us4  #a4   
,prome!us 0 honor$ ) a miracul\s bir?4  
#b4 ,quir9us 0 miracul\sly pres]v$ 9    
infancy1 :5 ?reat5$ ) de/ruction by !   
tyrant rul] ,amulius4  #c4 ,he p]=m$ !  
miracles1 accord+ to ,s5eca & ,hesiod1 (
 cur+ ! sick1 re/or+ ! bl9d1 rais+ !    
dead1 & ca/+ out devils4  #d4 ,bo? ^!   
,gods 7 crucifi$ amid signs1 & wond]s1 &
 miracles4  #e4 ,all nature 0 convuls$1 
& ! sa9ts arose :5 !y 7 crucifi$4  #f4  
,! sun 0 also d>k5$1 & refus$ to %9e4   
#g4 ,bo? desc5d$ to hell1 & rose f x by 

div9e p[]4  #h4 ,& ,prome!us 0 se5 to   
asc5d to heav54  ,we cite ^! li/s (     
miracul\s ev5ts z if real facts1 n      
because we believe !y 7 su*1 b z        
possess+ ! same degree ( cr$ibility z ^?
 relat$ ( ,jesus ,*ri/4   ,,miracles ,,&
 ,,religion ,,( ,,apollonius ,,(        
,,tyana4  #a4 ,ev]y?+ 0 subject to 8    
miracul\s p[]4  #b4 ,he p]=m$ _m        
miracul\s cures4  #c4 ,he re/or$ sight  
to ! bl9d4  #d4 ,he ca/ out devils1 :i* 
sometimes cut up l ^? ( ,*ri/  #e4 ,he  
enabl$ ! lame to walk4  #f4 ,he         
re-animat$ ! dead4  #g4 ,he c\ld read ! 
?\ghts ( by/&]s4  #h4 ,sometimes        
disappe>$ 9 a miracul\s mann]4  #i4     
,caus$ a tree to bloom1 :ile ,*ri/ made 
ano!r tree to )] away4  #aj4 ,! laws (  
nature obey$ him4  #aa4 ,c\ld speak 9 _m
 languages he _h nev] le>n$4  #ab4 ,0 at
 "o "t transfigur$1 l ,*ri/  #ac4 ,8    
bir? 0 miracul\sly =etold by an angel4  
#ad4 ,0 born ( a spotless virg94  #ae4  
,!re 7 demon/rations ( joy & s++ at 8   
bir?4  #af4 ,exhibit$ pro(s 9 infancy ( 

be+ a ,god4  #ag4 ,manife/$ extraord9>y 
wisdom 9 *ildhood4  #ah4 ,he 0 call$ !  
,son ( ,god4  #ai4 ,also ! image ( !    
,et]nal ,fa!r manife/$ 9 ! fle%4  #bj4  
,he 0 also /yl$ a prophet4  #ba4 ,l     
,*ri/1 he retir$ into my/ic sil5ce4     
#bb4 ,8 religion 0 "o ( exalt$          
spirituality4  #bc4 ,he taught ! doctr9e
 ( ! ,inn] ,life4  #bd4 ,he possess$    
exalt$ views ( purity & hol9ess4  #be4  
,l ,*ri/1 he 0 a religi\s ascetic4  #bf4
 ,8 religion1 z 9 ! case ( ,*ri/1 =bade 
him to m>ry4  #bg4 ,he ate no animal    
food1 & w\ld we> no wool5 g>m5ts4  #bh4 
,gave 8 sub/ance to ! poor4  #bi4       
,es*ew$ love = w9e & wom54  #cj4        
,refra9$ f artificial ornam5ts &        
sumptu\s liv+4  #ca4 ,he 0 a high-ton$  
moral re=m]4  #cb4 ,he condemn$ ext]nal 
sacrifices4  #cc4 ,also condemn$        
gladiatorial %[s4  #cd4 ,he religi\sly  
oppos$ danc+ & sexual pleasures4  #ce4  
,he recomm5d$ ! pursuit ( wisdom4  #cf4 
,0 ( a s]5e temp]1 & nev] got angry4    
#cg4 ,0 a true prophet1 =esaw & =etold  

_m future ev5ts4  #ch4 ,=esaw a plague1 
& /opp$ x aft] x _h comm5c$4  #ci4      
,cr[ds 7 attract$ by 8 great miracles & 
8 wisdom4  #dj4 ,he disput$ ) & vanqui%$
 ! wise m5 ( ,greece & ,asia1 z ,*ri/   
did ! le>n$ doctors 9 ! temple4  #da4   
,:5 imprison$ by ,domitian & load$ )    
*a9s1 he dis9?rall$ himself by div9e    
p[]4  #db4 ,he 0 foll[$ by cr[ds :5     
ent]+ ,alex&ria1 l ,*ri/ :5 ent]+       
,j]usalem4  #dc4 ,0 crucifi$ amid/ a    
display ( div9e p[]4  #dd4 ,he rose f ! 
dead4  #de4 ,appe>$ to 8 disciples aft] 
8 resurrection4  #df4 ,l ,*ri/1 he      
conv9c$ a ,tommy ,didymus by gett+ him  
to feel ! pr9t ( ! nails 9 8 h&s & feet4
  #dg4 ,0 se5 by _m witnesses aft] 8    
resurrection1 & 0 hail$ by !m z ! ,god  
,inc>nate1 ! ,"l f ,heav54  #dh4 ,he    
f9ally asc5d$ back to heav51 & n[ sits  
at ! "r h& ( ! ,fa!r1 plead+ = a s9ful  
_w4  #di4 ,:5 he ent]$ ! temple (       
,diana1 a voice f above 0 he>d say+1    
',come to heav54  #ej4 ,accord+ly he 0  
se5 no m on e>? only z a _s  ,! read] w 

obs]ve t ! =ego+ li/ ( analogies1 drawn 
f ! hi/ory ( ,apollonius1 z furni%$ u by
 8 disciple ,damos & 8 biograph]        
,philo/ratus1 are f\nd also1 9 almo/ e  
p>ticul>1 9 ! hi/ory ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,& 
! li/ might h be5 ext5d$4 ,x is decl>$1 
,a beauty %one 9 8 c\nt5ance1 & ! words 
he utt]$ 7 div9e1 :i* rem9ds u ( ,*ri/'s
 transfiguration4 ,& 8 /ay+ a plague at 
,ephesus revives ! case ( ,*ri/ /ill+ ! 
tempe/ on ! wat]s4 ,n[1 ! "q v naturally
 arises "h1 ,h[ came ! hi/ories (       
,apollonius & ,*ri/ to be s /rik+ly     
alike8 ,0 "o plagi>iz$ f ! o!r8 ,z = !  
miracul\s hi/ory ( ,apollonius be+      
recon/ruct$ f t ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 z "s    
,*ri/ians h assum$1 !re is n ! slighte/ 
f\ndation = su* a conclusion1 z ! foll[+
 facts w %[1 viz43--  #a4 ,!            
,cappadocian ,savior 7,apollonius7 0    
born sev]al ye>s ant]ior to ! adv5t ( ! 
,*ri/ian ,savior1 & appe>$ at an e>li]  
date ^u ! /age ( active life1 & ?us got 
! />t ( ,*ri/ 9 ! promulgations ( 8     
doctr9es & ! exhibition ( 8 miracles4   

,*ri/'s active life1 ,*ri/ians conc$e & 
! bible proves1 did n comm5ce till ab\t 
8 tw5ty-eigh? or ?irtie? ye>1 :i* 0 long
 aft] ,apollonius _h inaugurat$ 8       
religion1 & long aft] he _h comm5c$ !   
promulgation ( 8 doctr9es1 & atte/$ !m  
by wond]ful miracles1 accord+ to 8      
biograph] ,philo/ratus4  #b4 ,! ,new    
,am]ican ,cyclop$ia tells u1 ,apollonius
 labor$ = ! purity ( ,paganism1 & to    
su/a9 its tott]+ edifice aga9/ !        
assaults ( ! ,*ri/ians4 ,s t1 be+ plac$ 
9 a ho/ile attitude t[>d !              
repres5tatives ( ! ,*ri/ian fai?1 x is n
 likely he w\ld condesc5d to borr[ _!   
doctr9es & ! miracul\s hi/ory ( _!      
inc>nate ,god1 to inve/ 8 own life )4   
,he 0 probably "o ( ! anti-,*ri/s spok5 
( 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t2 b ?is circum/ance  
reflects no?+ di%onorable ^u 8 "*2 = "s 
( ^? di/+ui%$ p]sonages d5\nc$ z        
anti-,*ri/1 by ,*ri/'s gospel           
biograph]s1 71 accord+ to imp>tial      
hi/ory1 noble1 hone/1 & righte\s m54 ,_!
 only (f5se consi/$ 9 robb+ ,*ri/ ( 8   

div9e laurels1 by claim+ simil> titles1 
& claim+ to p]=m ! same k9d ( miracles2 
& !re is z mu* pro( t !y did a*ieve ^!  
prodigies z t ,*ri/ did4  #c4 ,! e>ly   
,*ri/ian writ]s conc$$ t ,apollonius & !
 o!r ori5tal ,gods did p]=m ! miracles  
:i* are ascrib$ to !m by _! respective  
disciples1 b acc\nt$ = x by ! *ildi%    
exp$i5t ( obsession4 ,*ri/ 0 assum$ to  
p]=m miracles by div9e p[]1 !y by ! p[] 
( ! devil--a *ildi% & s5seless di/9ction
 truly1 & "o :i* c h no logical =ce 9   
?is enlight5$ age4   ,,miracles ,,&     
,,claims ,,= ,,simon ,,magus4 ,b4 ,c4   
#a4 ,x is decl>$1 he 0 9 ! beg9n+ )     
,god4  #b4 ,t he exi/$ ) ,god f all     
et]nity4  #c4 ,t he took ^u himself ! =m
 ( a man4  #d4 ,t he 0 ! ,son ( ,god1 ! 
,^w1 c4  #e4 ,t he 0 ! second p]son 9 ! 
godhead4  #f4 ,t he came d[n to de/roy !
 devil & 8 works4  #g4 ,t he 0 ! image (
 ! ,et]nal ,fa!r4  #h4 ,t he 0 !        
fir/-born ,son ( ,god4  #i4 ,t he c\ld  
control ! elem5ts4  #aj4 ,t he c\ld walk
 on ! air z ,*ri/ did on ! wat]4  #aa4  

,c\ld move any?+ by ! comm&1 ,be ?\     
remov$4  #ab4 ,t he c\ld raise ! dead4  
#ac4 ,t he c\ld trans=m himself into !  
image ( any man4  #ad4 ,t he 0 !        
,p>aclete1 or ,com=t]4  #ae4 ,t he came 
to r$eem ! _w f s94  #af4 ,f9ally1 he 0 
! _w's ,savior1 ,r$eem]1 ! ,only        
,begott5 ( ! ,fa!r1 & ?r\gh 8 "n m5 are 
to be sav$4  ,! read] w call to m9d t   
?is ,simon ,magus is m5tion$ & condemn$ 
9 ! ,acts ( ! ,apo/les1 = (f]+ to pay   
,pet] = a be/[m5t ( ! gift ( ! ,holy    
,gho/4 ,& yet e philosoph] 9 ?is age mu/
 conc$e t ,magus' assumption 9 ! case is
 m s5sible & philosophical ?an t (      
,pet]'s4 ,= ! latt] calls x a gift f    
,god1 :]eas e p]son n[ acqua9t$ ) !     
nature1 pr9ciples1 & sci5ce ( animal    
magnetism1 kn[s t su* manife/ation z t  
:i* ,pet] ascribes to ,god & ! ,holy    
,gho/1 is a simple natural ph5om5on2 &  
t1 consequ5tly1 x c be no m a violation 
( ! rules ( propriety to pay = ! labor (
 mak+ su* developm5ts ?an x is to pay a 
tea*] = develop+ ! m9d ( a *ild4 ,x 0   

c]ta9ly a great] act ( c\rtesy to (f] to
 pay = x ?an to dem& x z a gratuit\s    
favor4 ,h5ce we inf] he excell$ ,pet] 9 
8 demeanor z a g5tleman1 especially z he
 bore ,pet]'s sev]e reprim& ) pati5ce1 &
 app>5tly ) a bett] _s ?an t :i* dictat$
 x4 ,& we may rem>k "h1 also1 t not)/&+ 
?is ,sam>itan ,jew is s unsp>+ly d5\nc$ 
by ! godly ,pet]1 & by ! e>ly ,*ri/ian  
fa!rs also1 yet we h ! hi/orical pro( t 
he 0 an ,hone/1 pi\s1 & ard5tly dev\t   
man4 ,8 :ole life 0 absorb$ 9 ! cause ( 
religion1 & 8 :ole s\l devot$ to 8      
religi\s duties & ! wor%ip ( 8 ,god4    
,h5ce we ?9k ,pet]'s rebuke 0 uncall$ =4
  ,let ! read] note ! fact "h t !re are 
?ree circum/ances amply suffici5t to    
acc\nt = bibles & religi\s books be+    
pr(usely suppli$ ) ! reports ( gr\ndless
 miracles4  #a4 ,z ev]ybody !n believ$ 9
 miracles 7at lea/ ev]ybody :o d>$      
speak7 !re 0 nobody to inve/igate !     
reports ( su* occurr5ces1 to le>n :e!r  
!y 7 true or false4  #b4 ,! few :o      
attempt$ to disprove ! tru? ( ^?        

miracul\s occurr5ces n[ f\nd report$ 9  
sacr$ hi/ory1 _h _! books burn$1 z 9 !  
case ( ,porphyry & ,celsus1 9 ! e>ly    
hi/ory ( ,*ri/ianity1 :o call$ 9 "q !   
tru? ( bible miracles4  #c4 ,^! m>vel\s 
facts 7 n usually record$ till long aft]
 ! p]iod 9 :i* !y are said to h occurr$1
 :5 ! witnesses _h left ! /age ( "t1 & e
 ev5t excit+ ay att5tion _h gr[n to a   
mon/r\s prodigy4 ,^! circum/ances1 9 an 
age ( b\ndless cr$ulity & sci5tific     
ignorance1 :i* magnifi$ e ph5om5on1 &   
look$ ^u e natural ev5t z a direct      
display ( div9e p[]1 acc\nts mo/ fully &
 satisfactorily = ! burd5some repetition
 ( gr\ndless miracul\s /ories f\nd ^u   
ne>ly e page ( ! sacr$ hi/ory ( e       
religi\s nation1 )\t driv+ u to !       
necessity ( *all5g+ ! v]acity ( ! writ]s
 :o record$ !m4 ,!y may all h be5 hone/ 
m54   ,,confucius ,,( ,,*9a1 ,,born #eea
 ,b4 ,c4  ,?is moral tea*]1 religi\s    
*iefta91 & philosoph]1 ?\gh n subject$  
to ! ignom9i\s dea? ( ! cross1 des]ves a
 pass+ notice = ! excell5cy ( 8 morals &

 ! acquisition ( a _w-wide fame4 ,9 !   
foll[+ p>ticul>s 8 hi/ory be>s a /rong  
analogy to t ( ,jesus ,*ri/4  #a4 ,he   
comm5c$ z a religi\s tea*] :5 ab\t ?irty
 ye>s ( age4  #b4 ,! ,gold5 ,rule 7see  
,*ap4 ,,xxxiv47 0 8 favorite maxim4  #c4
 ,mo/ ( 8 moral maxims 7 s\nd & ( a high
 ord]4 ,! ,new ,am]ican ,cyclop$ia says 
7vol4 v4 p4 #fjd71 ,8 writ+s approa* !  
,*ri/ian /&>d ( morality2 & 9 "s        
respects !y excel4  #d4 ,he travel$ 9   
diff]5t c\ntries1 prea*+ & tea*+ 8      
doctr9es4  #e4 ,he made a ho/ ( conv]ts1
 am\nt+ n[ to "o hundr$ & fifty         
millions4  #f4 ,8 religion & morals h   
be5 propagat$ by apo/les & mission>ies1 
"s ( :om are n[ travel+ 9 ?is c\ntry1   
labor+ to conv]t ,*ri/ians to _! sup]ior
 religion & morals4 ,!re 0 a "t1 says ! 
"w above quot$1 :5 ,european philosoph]s
 vi$ ) ea* o!r 9 extoll+ ,confucius z "o
 ( ! sublime/ tea*]s ( tru? among       
mank9d4  ,9 ! foll[+ respects 8 tea*+s 7
 sup]ior to ^? ( ,*ri/3--  #a4 ,he      
taught t ! k ( "o's self is ! basis (   

all real advances 9 morals & mann]s4 ,a 
lesson ,*ri/ neglect$ to tea*4  #b4 ,!  
duties man owes to society & himself are
 m9utely def9$ by ,confucius1 says !    
,cyclop$ia4 ,ano!r important "w ,*ri/   
p>tially omitt$4  ,he con/ruct$ sev]al  
hundr$ beautiful & in/ructive moral     
maxims1 :i* we h n space = "h1 & :i*    
amply prove t ! holie/ tru?s 7 inculcat$
 by pagan philosoph]s4     ,,*apt]      
,,xxxiv4 ,,! ,,?ree ,,pill>s ,,( ,,!    
,,*ri/ian ,,fai?--,,miracles1           
,,prophecies1 ,,& ,,precepts  ,,:5      
,*ri/ians are ask$ = ! pro( ( ! div9ity 
( ,jesus ,*ri/1 !y po9t to 8 miracles & 
precepts1 & ! ,messianic prophecies1    
said to h be5 fulfill$ by 8 com+4 ,& !  
same k9d ( evid5ce is adduc$ to prove ! 
div9e claims ( _! bible & its religion1 
includ+ ! ,old ,te/am5t1 :i* conta9s !  
prophecies4 ,_! div9e orig9 &           
sup]natural "* are claim$ to be prov$ by
 ! miracles1 prophecies1 & precepts f\nd
 record$ 9 ! ,holy ,book4 ,all1 !n1 /&  
or fall toge!r--! div9ity ( ,*ri/1 & !  

div9ity ( ! bible & its religion1 all1  
re/ on ?is ?reefold argum5t4 ,all1 x is 
claim$1 are atte/$ & prov$ by a ?reefold
 display ( div9e p[]1 manife/$1--  #a4  
,by ! p]=mance ( v>i\s acts1 transc5d+  
human p[] & ! laws ( nature1 call$      
,miracles4  #b4 ,by ! disc]nm5t ( ev5ts 
ly+ 9 ! future :i* no human sagacity or 
presci5ce c\ld h =ese51 unless aid$ by  
,omnisci5ce2 ! display ( su* p[] be+    
call$ ,prophecy4  #c4 ,by ! enunciation 
( ,moral ,precepts beyond ! m5tal       
capacity ( human be+s to orig9ate4  ,^! 
?ree propositions cov] ! :ole gr\nd4 ,!y
 con/itute ! ?ree gr& pill>s ( !        
,*ri/ian fai?1 :i*1 if %[n to be        
unt5able1 mu/ pro/rate ! :ole           
sup]/ructure to ! gr\nd4 ,we w exam9e   
ea* sep>ately1 comm5c+ ) miracles4  ,i4 
,miracles ! fir/ ,pill> ( ! ,*ri/ian    
,fai?4  ,we w n occupy space 9 discuss+ 
! v>i\s mean+s assign$ to ! ^w miracle  
by diff]5t writ]s1 b take ! popul>      
def9ition z giv5 above1 & proce$ to     
inquire h[ mu* evid5ce c be d$uc$ f !   

miracles repres5t$ z hav+ be5 p]=m$ by  
,jesus ,*ri/1 t[>d prov+ 8 div9ity & !  
tru? ( 8 religion4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 x   
%\ld be borne 9 m9d t ,*ri/ianity is n !
 only religion :i* appeals to miracles z
 a pro( ( its div9e au?or%ip4 ,m ?an    
?ree hundr$ sy/ems & sects are report$ 9
 hi/ory1 mo/ ( :i* h1 f "t immemorial1  
glori$ 9 be+ able to wield ?is knock-d[n
 argum5t z !y claim x to be1 9 support (
 ! tru? & div9e au!nticity ( _! v>i\s   
sy/ems ( fai?4 ,we h briefly notic$ "s (
 ! miracul\s a*ievem5ts report$ 9 _!    
sacr$ books1 & ascrib$ to _! ,gods &    
s9-aton+ ,saviors1 & comp>e !m ) simil> 
ones relat$ ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 comm5c+ )   
,pagan ,miracles4  ,z ! :ole pa?way (   
religi\s hi/ory is ?ickly be-/udd$ )    
miracles wr\ght 9 all ages & c\ntries1 &
 e page ( ! ori5tal bibles & religi\s   
books is lit]ally load$ d[n ) ! relation
 ( ^! m>vel\s prodigies said to h be5   
wr\ght by _! ,gods1 ,demigods1 &        
crucifi$ ,saviors1 x places a writ] 9 a 
qu&>y to "k :]e to beg9 to make a       

selection4 ,we w express no op9ion "h z 
to :e!r ^! a/\nd+ feats 7 ev] witness$  
or n2 b w m]ely /ate t !y come to u z   
well au!nticat$ z ^? report$ 9 !        
,*ri/ian bible4 ,!re is z mu* evid5ce t 
,zoroa/]1 at ! reque/ ( ,k+ ,gu/aph1    
caus$ a tree to spr+ up 9 a man's y>d   
=?)1 ( su* magnific5t proportions t no  
rope c\ld be f\nd l>ge en\gh to rea*    
ar\nd x1 z t ,jesus ,*ri/ caus$ a fig   
tree to )] away by m]ely curs+ x4 ,& we 
h ! same k9d ( evid5ce t ! ,h9doo       
,messiah1 ,*ri%na1 ( ,india1 re/or$ two 
boys to life :o _h be5 kill$ by ! bites 
( s]p5ts1 z t ,jesus ,*ri/ resurrect$   
,laz>us & ! wid['s son ( ,na92 & z mu*  
pro( t ,bac*us turn$ wat] into w9e1 z t 
,jesus p]=m$ ?is act six hundr$ ye>s    
aft]4 ,& a hundr$ o!r simil> comp>isons 
might be drawn4 ,! evid5ce ( ! tru? ( ^!
 p]=mances 9 bo? cases1 pagan &         
,*ri/ian1 is simply ! report ( ! writ]4 
,if !re are any exceptions to be made 9 
ei!r case ( bett] evid5ce1 x w be f\nd 9
 favor ( pagan religion2 = its adh]5ts  

are able 9 _m cases to po9t to          
imp]i%able monum5ts ( /one erect$ 9     
commemoration ( _! miracles4 ,& ,mr4    
,goodri* tells u ?is is ! highe/ species
 ( evid5ce t c be (f]$ to prove ! tru? (
 any anci5t ev5t4 ,b z ,*ri/ians1 on !  
o!r h&1 c f9d no su* evid5ce to prove ! 
p]=mance ( any miracles report$ 9 _!    
bible1 x w be se5 at once t ! pagan     
miracles are ! be/ au!nticat$4 ,! fam\s 
hi/orian ,pausanias /ates ^u curr5t     
au?ority t ,esculapius rais$ sev]al     
p]sons f ! dead1 & names ,hippolytus    
among ! numb]1 & !n po9ts to a /one     
monum5t erect$ z a pro( ( !             
occurr5ce--?us furni%+1 accord+ to      
,*ri/ian logic1 ! mo/ conclusive pro( ( 
"o ( ! mo/ a/\nd+ miracles ev] wr\ght4  
,& yet no philosoph] or man ( sci5ce 9  
?is age c cr$it ! lit]al tru? ( ! /ory4 
,b a spirituali/ c easily conceive t he 
& o!rs might h mi/ak5 ! ris5 spirits (  
^? resurrect$ p]sons = _! physical      
bodies1 because !y "k t _m mi/akes ( ?is
 k9d h occurr$ 9 mod]n times4  ,we might

 ref] to _m o!r cases ( pagan miracles  
atte/$ by monum5tal evid5ce if our space
 w\ld p]mit--su* z ! names ( _m p]sons  
engrav5 ^u ! walls ( ! ,temple (        
,s]apis1 miracul\sly c>v$ by ! ,god     
,esculapius4 ,/rabo tells u ! anci5t    
temples are full ( tablets describ+     
miracul\s cures p]=m$ by virg9-born     
,gods ( ^? times1 & names a case ( two  
bl9d m5 be+ re/or$ to sight by ! son (  
,god ,alcides 9 ! pres5ce ( a l>ge      
multitude ( p1 :o ackn[l$g$ ! miracul\s 
p[] ( ! ,god ) l\d acclaim4 ,_m         
spirituali/s at ! pres5t day "k by      
practical exp]i5ce h[ ^! miracul\s cures
 7 p]=m$4 ,)\t cont9u+ ! citation (     
cases1 suffice x to say1 ! s9-aton+     
,gods ( ! ori5tals are report$ z p]=m+ !
 same tra9 ( miracles assign$ to ,jesus 
,*ri/1 su* z p]=m+ a/oni%+ cures1 ca/+  
out devils1 rais+ ! dead1 c4 ,n[1 sadly 
w>p$ inde$ by education mu/ be t m9d :i*
 _c see t if ! acc\nt ( su* prodigies1  
report$ 9 ! hi/ory ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 c d  
any?+ t[>ds prov+ him to h be5 a ,god1  

!n ! _w mu/ h be5 full ( ,gods long be=e
 8 "t4 ,x is impossible to dodge or     
evade su* a conclusion4  ,*ri/ians are 9
 ! habit ( assum+ t all ! miracul\s     
reports 9 ! bible are unque/ionably     
true1 :ile ^? report$ 9 pagan bibles are
 m]e fables & fiction4 ,b if !y w rev]se
 ?is proposition1 x c be easi] support$1
 because we h %[n _! miracles are bett] 
atte/$ & au!nticat$4 ,_! own bible      
admits t ! hea!n n only c\ld & did p]=m 
miracles1 b miracul\s prodigies ( ! mo/ 
a/oni%+ "*1 equal to any?+ report$ 9 _! 
own religi\s hi/ory--su* z transmut+    
wat] into blood1 /icks into s]p5ts1 &   
/ones into frogs4 ,9 a ^w1 x is admitt$ 
!y p]=m$ all ! miracul\s feats ( ,moses 
) ! s+le exception ( turn+ du/ into     
lice4 ,b c]ta9ly mak+ lice 0 n a m      
difficult a*ievem5t ?an t ( mak+ frogs1 
& ?is is admitt$ !y did d successfully4 
,h5ce x w be se5 t ! ,egyptian pagans   
made z great a display ( div9e or       
miracul\s p[] z ,god's ,holy ,p1 accord+
 to ! admission ( ! bible itself4 ,& !re

 is no intimation t ! mode ( p]=m+ !    
miracles 0 n ! same 9 bo? cases1 b a    
/rong probability exi/s t x 01 a        
conclusion confirm$ by ! bible report ( 
! case :i* leads u to inf] t !y p]=m$ ! 
miracles 9 ! same way ,moses did4 ,= x  
is said1 ,! ,egyptians did s ) _!       
en*antm5ts--t is1 ) ! en*ant+ rod us$ on
 su* occasions by ! ,egyptians1         
,assyrians1 ,babylonians1 & o!r nations1
 includ+ also ! ,jews4 ,n[1 z ,moses    
always us$ ! en*ant+ rod 9 p]=m+        
miracles1 call$ by him ! rod ( ,god1 !  
rod ( div9ation1 c4 7see ,ex4 iv4 71 !re
 is ?us furni%$ ! mo/ satisfactory pro( 
t he p]=m$ 8 miracles on ?is occasion1 z
 well z all o!r occasions1 by ! same    
/ratagem z ! ,egyptians & o!r nations   
did4 ,& ev5 if ! mode adopt$ by !       
,egyptians _h be5 diff]5t1 x is /ill    
admitt$ !y p]=m$ ! miracles4 ,9 ! "n (  
reason & common s5se1 !n1 we ask if su* 
facts z "h pres5t$ ) ! case j ref]r$ to 
d n =ev] pro/rate & annihilate all      
argum5ts bas$ on miracles t[>d prov+ !  

div9e "* or div9e orig9 ( ! religion ( !
 bible1 or t[>ds prov+  ,jesus ,*ri/1 or
 any o!r be+ report$ to h p]=m$         
miracles1 z possess+ div9e attributes8  
,,ca?olic ,,miracles4  ,"s ( ! mo/      
a/oni%+ & be/ au!nticat$ miracles ev]   
p]=m$ by any religi\s sect we f9d       
report$ 9 ! hi/ory ( ! ,roman ,ca?olic  
*ur*1 look$ ^u & /yl$ by ! ,prote/ants !
 "m ( ,h>lots & ,abom9ation4 ,& yet !re 
is mu* /rong] pro( t ! ,ca?olic religion
 has ! div9e sanction1 if miracles c    
furni% su* pro(4 ,! editor ( ,! ,(ficial
 ,memoirs decl>es t dur+ ! ,italian w> 9
 #agig1 sev]al pictures ( ! virg9 ,m>y1 
situat$ 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 7 se5
 to op5 & %ut _! eyes = ! space ( six or
 sev5 mon?s1 & t no less ?an sixty ?\s& 
p actually saw ?is miracle p]=m$1       
includ+ _m bi%ops1 deacons1 c>d9als1 &  
o!r (fic]s ( ! *ur*1 ^: names are giv54 
,& ,=sy?'s ,italy 7p4 #cdd71 writt5 by a
 highly accr$it$ au?or1 tells u t a )]$ 
elm tree 0 sudd5ly re/or$ to full life &
 vigor by com+ 9 contact ) ! body ( ,/4 

,z5obis1 & t ?is miracle took place 9 ! 
mo/ public "p ( ! t[n1 9 ! pres5ce ( _m 
?\s&s ( p2 t x is record$ by contempor>y
 hi/orians1 & inscrib$ ^u a m>ble column
 n[ /&+ :]e ! tree /ood4  ,n[1 ! "q may 
be ask$ "h1 ,w\ld ! p h all[$ su* an    
impud5t trick to insult !m z ! erection 
( a monum5t = an ev5t t nev] took place8
 ,if n1 h[ is ! matt] to be expla9$8 ,^!
 are only specim5s ( a hundr$ m ,ca?olic
 miracles ( an a/oni%+ "* at our comm&4 
,sev]al qu]ies may be ent]ta9$ 9 !      
solution ( ^! /ories4 #a/1 ,7 "s ph5om5a
 really witness$ on :i* ^! /ories 7     
con/ruct$1 b :i* got magnifi$ f a       
molehill to a m\nta9 be=e !y f\nd _! way
 into hi/ory8 or1 #b;d1 ,7 !y           
manufactur$ z a pi\s fraud1 :i* 0 r a   
fa%ionable bus9ess ) ! e>ly disciples ( 
! ,*ri/ian fai?1 accord+ to ,mr4        
,mo%eim8 ,:atev] answ] may be giv5 to ^!
 que/ions w expla9 ! miracles ( !       
,*ri/ian bible1 except+ ^? :i* c be     
acc\nt$ = on natural pr9ciples4         
,,satanic ,,miracles4  ,among all !     

work]s ( miracles report$ 9 ! bible !   
devil seems to h be5 pre-em95t1 & h5ce  
mu/ come 9 = ! bett] end ( ! argum5t    
t[>d prov+ him to h be5 a ,god4 ,no     
miracle c\ld excel ! act ( 8 trans=m+   
himself into an angel ( light1 z /at$ 9 
#b ,cor4 xi4 #ad4 ,x is n transc5d$ by  
any o!r case1 n ev5 by ,*ri/'s          
transfiguration4 ,& accord+ to ,paul he 
0 end[$ ) all p[]1 & signs1 & ly+       
wond]s4 7,!ss4 ii4 #i47 ,if1 !n1 he     
possess$ all p[]1 ,*ri/1 & no o!r ,god1 
c\ld h possess$ a miracul\s p[] sup]ior 
to 81 = all compreh5ds ! :ole1 beyond   
:i* no?+ c rea*4 ,:]e1 !n1 is ! evid5ce 
to come f to prove t ,*ri/ 0 a ,god1    
because he 0 a miracle-work]1 or 8      
religion div9e1 because atte/$ by       
miracles--see+ ! devil p]=m$ "s ( ! mo/ 
difficult miracles ev] wr\ght8 ,%\ld we 
n !n *ange 8 title f t ( a demon to a   
,god1 & place 8 religion among/ !       
div9ely end[$ sy/ems8 ,/4 ,john         
repres5ts ! ,evil ,"o z hav+ p[] to make
 fire come d[n f heav5 9 ! sight ( m51 &

 to deceive ^? t dwell on ! e>? by means
 ( ^? miracles :i* he ha? p[] to d4     
7,rev4 xiii47  ,"h ! "q arises1 ,:at c a
 miracle prove1 :at end c x s]ve1 or :at
 good c possibly arise f ! display ( !  
miracle-work+ p[]1 :5 x is liable to    
deceive ^? t dwell ^u ! e>?8 ,c]ta9ly1  
!re=e1 x proves no?+1 & accompli%es     
no?+4 ,& may n ! apo/les !mselves h be5 
deceiv$ 9 ascrib+ "s ( ! miracles !y    
record to ,jesus in/ead ( ! devil8      
,c]ta9ly we are drift$ ^u ! quicks&s (  
unc]ta9ty by su* a display ( !          
miracle-work+ p[]1 & are obnoxi\s to mo/
 fatal deception1 :i* proves ! total    
inutility & futility ( su* prodigies4   
,,*ri/',s ,,miracles ,,n ,,8 ,,own1 ,,b 
,,wr\ght ,,?r\gh ,,him ,,& ,,n ,,by     
,,him4  ,h[ c\ld ,*ri/'s miracles1      
assum+ !y 7 wr\ght1 d any?+ t[>d prov+ 8
 div9ity1 :5 he did n claim to be _!    
au?or1 b m]ely ! ag5t or in/rum5t 9 !   
h&s ( ! ,fa!r1 l ! apo/les1 :o are      
report$ to h p]=m$ ! same miracles8 ,!  
,fa!r he doe? ! "w1 is 8 own decl>ation4

 ,& ! ,apo/les seem to h accept$ 8 ^w1 &
 8 view ( ! matt]4 ,= pro( li/5 to      
,pet]3 ,ye m5 ( ,israel1 he> ^! words3  
,jesus ( ,naz>e?1 a man approv$ ( ,god  
among y by miracles1 & wond]s1 & signs1 
:i* ,god did by him 9 ! mid/ ( y1 z ye  
y\rselves d "k4 7,acts ii4 #bb47 ,let x 
be not$1 !n1 ! ,*ri/'s miracles 7 n     
p]=m$ by him z a ,god1 b z a man approv$
 ( ,god2 he 0 ! m]e m$ium or in/rum5t 9 
! case--a fact :i* bani%es at once all  
gr\nds = controv]sy relative to 8       
miracles s]v+ ! purpose ( atte/+ 8      
div9ity1 especially :5 x is conc$$ t m51
 magicians1 & devils c\ld a*ieve ! same 
feats4   ,,*ri/',s ,,miracles ,,did ,,n 
,,conv9ce ,,! ,,p4  ,z ! miracles (     
,*ri/ seem to h _h little effect t[>d   
conv9c+ ! p ( 8 claims to ! godhead1 x  
is evid5t !y c\ld h be5 b little sup]ior
 to ^? p]=m$ by o!rs1 & !re=e n design$1
 at lea/ n calculat$1 to conv9ce !m t he
 0 a ,god4 ,! frequ5t in/ances 9 :i* he 
upbraids ! p = _! unbelief1 & calls !m  
fools1 sl[ ( he>t1 c41 is a pro( ( ?is  

/atem5t4   ,,*ri/',s ,,miracles ,,n     
,,design$ ,,to ,,conv9ce ,,! ,,p4  ,a   
circum/ance involv+ pretty /rong pro( t 
,*ri/'s miracul\s a*ievem5ts 7 n        
consid]$ z evid5ce ( 8 div9ity1 is !    
fact t !y 7 frequ5tly p]=m$ 9 private1  
sometimes 9 ! night1 & (t5 "u !         
injunction ( secrecy4 ,see ?\ tell no   
man1 0 ! injunction1 aft] ! feat 0      
p]=m$1 p]haps1 9 a private room4 ,h[ c  
su* facts be reconcil$ ) ! assumption t 
8 miracles 7 design$ to conv9ce ! p ( 8 
claims to ! ,div9e ,entity1 z ,*ri/ians 
frequ5tly ass]t1 :5 ! p 7 n all[$ to    
witness !m1 nor 8 disciples ev5 to      
report !m8 ,:o c believe t he 0 a ,div9e
 ,be+1 or ,messiah1 :5 he *>g$ 8        
disciples to tell no man t he 0 su* a   
,be+8 ,su* incongruities v]ge to a      
contradiction4 ,x is a logical          
contradiction to say t private miracles 
7 design$ to dissolve public skepticism4
 ,& yet _m1 if n mo/1 ( 8 reput$        
miracul\s a*ievem5ts 7 ( ?is "*4 ,:5 he 
cur$ a bl9d man1 he n only l$ him out ( 

! t[n 7,m>k viii4 #bc71 b =bid him1 :5 8
 sight 0 re/or$1 return+ to ! city1 =   
fe> he w\ld publi% x4 ,:5 he resurrect$ 
,laz>us1 he did n call ! :ole c\ntry    
ar\nd to witness x1 b p]=m$ ! act be=e a
 private p>ty4 ,! reanimation (         
,jairus's daught] 0 9 ! same conceal$   
mann]1 9 a private room1 :]e nobody 0   
admitt$ b 8 ?ree confid5tial disciples  
7,pet]1 ,james1 & ,john7 & ! p>5ts1 none
 ( :om make any report ( ! case4 ,h[1   
!re=e1 ! report] 7,m>k7 f\nd x out1 :5  
he 0 n pres5t1 & none ( ! p>ty 7 all[$  
to tell x to anybody1 or :y he %\ld     
betray 8 tru/ by publi%+ x1 if he 0     
in=m$ ( x1 is a my/]y ( ,godl9ess n     
easily div9$4  ,:5 ,*ri/ cleans$ ! lep]1
 he s5t him to ! prie/1 enjo9+ him to   
say no?+ to any man4 ,! dumb1 :5 re/or$ 
to spee*1 0 n all[$ to exhibit any      
practical pro( ( ! fact by us+ 8 tongue4
 ,8 miracul\s p]ambulation on ! surface 
( ! sea 7walk+ on ! wat]7 0 n only      
alone1 b 9 ! d>k4 ,8 transfiguration1   
likewise1 accord+ to ,dr4 ,b>nes1 took  

place 9 ! night1 8 ?ree favorite        
companions be+ ! only witnesses1 & !y   
heavy ) sleep4 ,& f9ally1 ! cr[n+       
miracle ( all1 ! resurrection1 is n only
 repres5t$ z tak+ place 9 ! night1 b )\t
 "o sub/antial or t]re/rial witness to  
report x4 ,v]ily su* facts z ^! are n   
calculat$ to augm5t ! fai? jr "w !      
conviction ( a skeptic t ^! miracles 7  
ev] p]=m$1 see+ s few are report$ z     
witness+ !m1 & ev5 _! te/imony is n     
giv54 ,we h n ! te/imony ( "o p]son :o  
claims to h be5 pres5t & se5 ^! wond]s  
p]=m$4 ,su* facts are calculat$ to ca/  
di/ru/ ^u ! :ole matt]1 especially :5   
tak5 9 connection ) ! fact t n9e t5?s ( 
8 life =m a p]fect blank 9 hi/ory4 ,is x
 possible1 we ask1 to reconcile su* a   
fact ) ! belief ( 8 div9ity8 ,is x      
possible a ,god c\ld lead a private     
life1 or live tw5ty-sev5 ye>s on e>?1 & 
d no?+ wor?y ( note--a ,god kn[n to     
nobody & notic$ by nobody8 ,mo/         
transc5d+ly absurd is su* a ?\ght4 ,_h  
,*ri/ possess$ ! "* t is claim$ = him1 n

 an h\r ( 8 life c\ld h pass$           
unaccompani$ by "s rem>kable incid5t t  
w\ld h be5 h]ald$ abroad1 & its record  
indelibly engrav5 ^u ! page ( hi/ory2 b 
in/ead ( ?is1 8 acts 7 too commonplace  
to be notic$4   ,,all ,,hi/ory ,,ignores
 ,,him4  ,! fact t no hi/ory1 sacr$ or  
pr(ane1--t n "o ( ! ?ree hundr$ hi/ories
 ( t age1--makes ! slighte/ allusion to 
,*ri/1 or any ( ! miracul\s incid5ts    
+raft$ into 8 life1 c]ta9ly proves1 ) a 
cog5cy t no logic c ov]?r[1 no sophi/ry 
c contradict1 & no hone/ skepticism c   
resi/1 t !re nev] 0 su* a miracul\sly   
end[$ be+ z 8 _m or?odox disciples claim
 him to h be54 ,! fact t ,*ri/ f9ds no  
place 9 ! hi/ory ( ! era 9 :i* he       
liv$1--t n "o ev5t ( 8 life is record$  
by anybody b 8 own int]e/$ & prejudic$  
biograph]s1--settles ! conclusion1      
beyond cavil or criticism1 t ! godlike  
a*ievem5ts ascrib$ to him are naught b  
fable or fiction4 ,x n only proves he 0 
n miracul\sly end[$1 b proves he 0 n ev5
 naturally end[$ to su* an extraord9>y  

degree z to make him an object ( g5]al  
att5tion4 ,x w\ld be a hi/orical anomaly
 )\t a prec$5t1 t ,*ri/ %\ld h p]=m$ any
 ( ! extraord9>y acts attribut$ to him 9
 ! ,gospels1 & no ,roman or ,grecian    
hi/orian1 & nei!r ,philo nor ,josephus1 
bo? writ+ 9 t age1 & bo? liv+ almo/ on !
 spot :]e !y are said to h be5 witness$1
 & bo? record+ m9utely all ! religi\s   
ev5ts ( t age & c\ntry1 make ! slighte/ 
m5tion ( "o ( !m1 nor _! reput$ au?ors4 
,su* a hi/orical fact bani%es ! la/ %ad[
 ( fai? 9 _! reality4  ,x is true a few 
l9es are f\nd 9 "o ( ,josephus's l>ge   
works allud+ to ,*ri/4 ,b x is s        
manife/ly a =g]y1 t we believe all mod]n
 critics ( any note1 ev5 ( ! or?odox    
s*ool1 reject x z a base int]polation4  
,ev5 ,dr4 ,l>dn]1 "o ( ! able/ def5d]s (
 ! ,*ri/ian fai? t ev] wield$ a p5 9 its
 support1 & :o has writt5 t5 l>ge       
volumes to bol/] x up1 assigns n9e cog5t
 reasons 7:i* we w\ld ins]t "h if we _h 
space7 = ! conclusion t ,josephus c\ld n
 h p5n$ ^? few l9es f\nd 9 8 ,jewi%     

,antiquities ref]r+ to ,*ri/4 ,no ,jew  
c\ld possibly use su* language4 ,x w\ld 
be a gl>+ absurdity to suppose a lead+  
,jew c\ld call ,jesus ,! ,*ri/1 :5 !    
:ole ,jewi% nation h ev] conte/$ ! claim
 ) ! /]ne/ logic1 & f\ght x to ! bitt]  
end4 ,x ought1 !re=e 7says ,dr4 ,l>dn]1 
= ! n9e reasons :i* he assigns71 to be  
=ev] disc>d$ f any place among !        
evid5ces ( ,*ri/ianity4 7,life ( ,l>dn] 
by ,dr4 ,kippis1 p4 #bc47  ,z ! passage 
is n f\nd 9 any edition ( ,josephus     
prior to ! era ( ,eusebius1 ! suspicion 
has fa/5$ ^u t ,*ri/ian writ] z be+ its 
au?or1 :o argu$ t falsehood might be us$
 z a m$ic9e = ! b5efit ( ! *ur*es4 7,see
 8 ,eccles4 ,hi/47 ,orig51 :o liv$ be=e 
,eusebius1 admitt$ ,josephus makes no   
allusion to ,*ri/4 ,( c\rse ! passage 0 
n1 !n1 9 ,josephus4 ,"o or two o!r      
simil> passages h be5 f\nd1 9 o!r au?ors
 ( t era1 :i* x is n necess>y to notice 
"h1 z !y are reject$ by ,*ri/ian writ]s4
 ,x mu/ be conc$$1 !re=e1 t ! num]\s    
hi/ories cov]+ ! epo* ( ! bir? ( ,*ri/  

*ronicle none ( ! a/\nd+ feats          
incorporat$ 9 8 ,gospel biographies z   
signaliz+ 8 e>?ly c>e]1 & make no m5tion
 ( ! reput$ h]o ( ^! a*ievem5ts1 ei!r by
 "n or "*4 ,! conclusion is ?us         
irresi/ibly =c$ ^u u1 n only t he 0 n a 
miracle-work]1 b t he mu/ h l$ r an     
obscure life1 entirely incompatible ) 8 
be+ a ,god or a ,messiah1 :o came to    
draw all m5 unto him4 ,& x %\ld also be 
not$ "h t none ( ,*ri/'s fam\s          
biograph]s1 ,mat!w1 ,m>k1 ,luke1 or     
,john1 are honor$ ) a notice 9 hi/ory   
till "o hundr$ & n9ety ye>s aft] ! bir? 
( ,*ri/4 ,& !n ! notice 0 by a ,*ri/ian 
writ] 7,ir5eus74  ,we look 9 va91 says a
 writ]1 = any cotempor>y notice ( !     
,gospels1 or ,*ri/ ! subject ( !        
,gospels1 outside ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,s 
little 0 ?is 'k+ ( ! ,jews' kn[n1 t !   
,romans 7 compell$ to pay "o ( 8 apo/les
 to turn traitor & act z guide be=e !y  
c\ld f9d him4 ,x is impossible to obs]ve
 ?is negative te/imony ( all hi/ory     
aga9/ ,*ri/ & 8 miracles1 & n be /ruck )

 amazem5t1 & seiz$ ) ! conviction t he 0
 n a ,god1 & n a v extraord9>y man4 ,:o 
c believe t a ,god1 f (f ! ?rone (      
heav51 c\ld make 8 appe>ance on e>?1 &  
:ile p]=m+ ! mo/ a/\nd+ miracles ev]    
record$ 9 any hi/ory1 or t ev] excit$ ! 
cr$ulity ( any p1 & be f9ally publicly  
crucifi$ 9 ! vic9ity ( a great city1 &  
yet all ! hi/ories writt5 9 ^? times1   
bo? sacr$ & pr(ane1 pass ov] ) entire   
sil5ce ! slighte/ notice ( any ( ^!     
extraord9>y ev5ts4 ,impossible--mo/     
self-evid5tly impossible66 ,& :5 we f9d 
t ?is omission 0 s absolute t no record 
0 made ( ! day or ye> ( 8 bir? by any   
p]son 9 ! era 9 :i* he liv$1 & t !y 7   
f9ally =gott51 & h5ce t !re are1 z a    
writ] in=ms u1 no less !n "o hundr$ &   
?irty-?ree diff]5t op9ions ab\t ! matt]1
 ! "q assumes a /ill m s]i\s aspect4 ,f 
! logical pot5cy ( ^! facts we are driv5
 to ! conclusion t ,*ri/ receiv$ b      
little att5tion outside ( ! circle ( 8  
own cr$ul\s & int]e/$ foll[]s1 &        
consequ5tly /&s on a level ) ,*ri%na (  

,india1 ,mi?ra ( ,p]sia1 ,osiris (      
,egypt1 & o!r demigods ( antiquity1 all 
^: miracul\s leg5ds 7 +raft$ 9 _!       
hi/ories long aft] _! dea?4 ,?is leads u
 to consid]   ,,h[ ,,*ri/',s ,,incr$ible
 ,,leg5ds ,,got ,,into ,,8 ,,hi/ory4    
,!re is a rem>kably easy & satisfactory 
way ( acc\nt+ = all ! m>vel\s feats &   
incr$ible /ories f\nd 9 ! ,gospel       
n>ratives ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 )\t assum+ _! 
reality or any int5tional fraud or      
falsehood by ! writ]s4 ,:5 we le>n t    
none ( 8 evangelical biographies 7 p5n$ 
7z ,dr4 ,l>dn] affirms7 till long aft] 8
 dea?1 we are no long] puzzl$ = a mom5t 
to und]/& exactly h[ _m /atem5ts :olly  
incr$ible & morally impossible crept    
into 8 hi/ory1 )\t *all5g+ or call+ 9 "q
 ! v]acity or hone/y ( ! writ]4 ,p]haps 
! mo/ p[]ful cord ( moral conviction :i*
 holds ! ,*ri/ian pr(essor to a belief 9
 ! div9ity ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 is !         
difficulty ( br++ himself to believe t !
 num]\s miracles ascrib$ to him 9 !     
,gospels are m]ely ! "w ( fiction1      

fabricat$ )\t a basis ( tru?1 :5 !y 7   
evid5tly p5n$ by m5 ( ! deepe/ piety & !
 /ricte/ moral integrity4 ,we ourselves 
7 once environ$ ) ?is difficulty4 ,b x  
/&s 9 our way no long]4 ,we are         
dis5?rall$4 ,we h solv$ ! problem4 ,we h
 f\nd ! true explanation4 ,! key & clew 
to ! :ole secret is f\nd 9 ! simple     
fact1 admitt$ by ,*ri/ian writ]s &      
evid5c$ by ! bible itself1 t no hi/ory (
 ,*ri/'s practical life 0 writt5 out by 
a p]son claim-+ to h be5 an eyewitness (
 ! ev5ts report$1 nor until e incid5t & 
act ( ! noble-m9d$ ,naz>5e _h _h ample  
"t to become enorm\sly magnifi$ &       
di/ort$ by rumor1 fable1 & fiction2 s t 
x 0 impossible to discrim9ate or sep>ate
 ! real f ! unreal1 ! true f ! false1 9 
8 p>tly-=gott5 life4 ,x c\ld n be done4 
,a true hi/ory c\ld n !n be1 nor h be5  
writt5 "u su* circum/ances4 ,x is       
manife/ly impossible4 ,! "t = writ+ ea* 
,gospel is fix$ by ,dr4 ,l>dn] z foll[s1
 viz43 ,mat!w #fb ,a4 ,d41 ,m>k #fd ,a4 
,d41 ,luke #fc or #fd ,a4 ,d41 & ,john  

#fh ,a4 ,d42 ?us all[+ ample "t = e     
notewor?y incid5t ( 8 life to gr[ f     
molehills to m\nta9s1 & to swell into   
fiction1 fable1 & prodigy1 a t5d5cy to  
:i* 0 !n v rife & v preval5t 9 all      
religi\s c\ntries4 ,hav+ made a note (  
?is fact1 let ! read] treasure 9 memory1
 z ano!r equally important fact1 t !    
biography ( no man ( note :o figur$ 9 t 
era1 or :o liv$ prior to ! dawn ( lett]s
 7if p5n$ _m ye>s aft] 8 dea?1 z 0      
frequ5tly ! case71 is free f a l>ge     
p]c5tage ( extravagant detail1 & simple 
incid5ts magnifi$ into miracles4 ,?is 0 
! uncurb$ t5d5cy ( ! age :i* ultimat$   
into univ]sal cu/om4  ,! simple/ incid5t
 9 e man's life1 :o exhibit$ m9d en\gh  
to attract att5tion1 by roll+ f ye> to  
ye>1 & pass+ f m\? to m\?1 inv>iably got
 to be f9ally swell$ into su* undue &   
enorm\s proportions1 t x c\ld only be   
acc\nt$ = by assum+ ! actor to h be5 a  
,god4 ,9 ?is way _m m5 ( diff]5t        
c\ntries1 :o _h made a m>k 9 ! _w1      
receiv$ div9e honors & div9e attributes1

 includ+ su* *>act]s z ,*ri%na ( ,india1
 ,mi?ra ( ,p]sia1 ,quir9us ( ,rome1     
,eras ( ! ,druids1 ,quexalcote (        
,mexico1 ,jesus ,*ri/ ( ,judea1 & _m    
o!rs :o might be m5tion$4 ,?is          
circum/ance deifi$ !m4 ,! evid5ce (     
hi/ory to prove ?is decl>ation is       
abundant & irresi/ible4   ,,po/hum\s    
,,hi/ories ,,alone ,,deifi$ ,,m54  ,to !
 two important facts above cit$1 viz41 t
 ,jesus ,*ri/'s evangelical hi/ories 7  
all writt5 long aft] 8 dea?1 & t        
unwritt5 hi/ories ( great m5 always     
become swoll5 & di/ort$ ) ! lapse ( "t1 
let ! read] add ! equally significant   
fact t !re is 9 all cases a va/ diff]5ce
 9 ! biographies ( fam\s m51 p5n$ dur+  
_! actual lives1 or imm$iately subsequ5t
 to _! dea?1 :ile e act & incid5t ( _!  
c>e] 0 fre% & vigor\s 9 ! m9ds &        
memories ( ! cotemporane\s p1 & be=e !  
ball ( exagg]at$ rumor 0 set roll+1     
comp>$ ) ^? writt5 at a lat] date1 aft] 
molehills ( fact _h become m\nta9s (    
fiction4 ,! =m] are natural &           

reasonable1 ! latt] unnatural &         
extravagant1 & (t5 fabul\s4 ,we w cite a
 few cases 9 pro(4 ,let ! read] comp>e !
 biographical sket*es ( ,alex&] ! ,great
 writt5 ne> ! epo* ( 8 practical life1 &
 ^? compos$ s9ce ! dawn ( ! ,*ri/ian    
era1 & he w f9d t ! po/hum\s notices (  
him alone conta9 ! /ory ( ! sun becom+  
obscur$1 & ! e>? develop$ 9 d>kness1 at 
! "t ( 8 mortal exit4 ,x w be f\nd1     
also1 t ,virgil's acc\nt ( ! %eet$ dead1
 ris+ f _! graves at ! "t ( ,caes>'s    
dea?1 & :i* 0 writt5 long aft] t fam\s  
h]o left ! /age ( action1 is omitt$ 9   
all ! cotempor>y notices ( t mon>*1 hav+
 crept 9 subsequ5tly4  ,9 l mann]1 !    
v>i\s miracles record$ ( ,py?agoras by 8
 biograph] ,jamblicus1--su* z 8 walk+ on
 ! air1 /ill+ ! tempe/1 rais+ ! dead1   
c41--are n relat$ ( him by any          
cotemporane\s writ]s :o liv$ 9 ! era ( 8
 practical life4 ,& let ! read] comp>e1 
also1 ,damos' life ( ,apollonius ) t ( 8
 lat] biography by ,philo/ratus1 z an   
illu/ration ( ! same hi/orical fact4    

,mahomet & 8 biograh]s might be includ$ 
9 ! same category4 ,x is a rem>kable    
circum/ance t nei!r ,mahomet himself nor
 any ( 8 imm$iate foll[]s claim = him m 
?an ! humble title ( prophet1 or ,god's 
holy prophet1 :ile 8 lat] admir]s &     
dev\t disciples h elevat$ him to ! ?rone
 ( heav51 & giv5 him a seat among !     
,gods4  ,& ?is hi/orical analysis might 
be ext5d$ mu* f>!r if necess>y4 ,b cases
 en\gh h be5 cit$ to prove ! pr9ciple & 
e/abli% ! proposition4 ,& :at is !      
lesson taught by ^! facts8 ,a           
deeply-in/ructive & all-important "o4 ,f
 ! =ego+ hi/orical illu/rations we are  
impell$ to ! important conclusion1 t !  
tissue ( extravagant & incr$ible /ories 
( demigod p]=mances :i* run z a ve9 (   
fiction ?r\gh ! ,gospel n>rations (     
,jesus ,*ri/1 all gr[ out ( long-cont9u$
 rumor1 9 an age :5 ! imag9ation 0      
untam$ & unb\nd$1 & cr$ulity uncurb$ by 
a practical k ( ! pr9ciples ( sci5ce1 & 
consequ5tly ! p5 ( ! hi/orian _h lawless
 scope4 ,all difficulty !n vani%es1 & ! 

"q is put =ev] at re/ by assum+ t if !  
,gospel hi/ories ( ,jesus _h be5 writt5 
by m5 :o claim$ to record only :at !y   
saw & he>d !mselves1 we %\ld h a m      
cr$ible & in/ructive hi/ory ( ! great   
,judean re=m]1 fre$ f ^? ,mun*aus5      
prodigies & t wild romance :i* m> !     
beauty & cr$ibility ( ^? n[ 9 popul>    
use4 ,?is conclusion is n only natural1 
b irresi/ible1 to a m9d untrammel$ by   
education & unbefogg$ by prie/craft4    
,all t is want+ to conv9ce u t miracles 
con/itute no "p ( ! real hi/ory ( ,*ri/1
 is a cotempor>y in/ead ( a po/hum\s    
biography--a hi/ory writt5 9 ! age :i*  
knew him1 & by an unprejudic$ writ] :o  
witness$ all 8 movem5ts4 ,& we are      
p]fectly will+ to risk our reputation 9 
?is life1 & our salvation 9 ! next1 by  
/at+ our conviction t ?is w be !        
unanim\s v]dict ( po/]ity be=e fifty    
g5]ations pass away4   ,,*ri/',s        
,,miracles ,,recon/ruct$ ,,f ,,=m]      
,,miracles4  ,!re are o!r circum/ances  
?an ^? notic$ 9 ! prec$+ *apt]1 :i* c   

aid u v mat]ially 9 solv+ ! problem (   
,*ri/'s div9ity2 or1 9 o!r words1 c aid 
u 9 trac+ 8 miracles to _! orig91 & ?us 
confirm ! tru? ( ! prec$+ proposition4  
,moses & ! prophets 7 consid]$ by !     
evangeli/s antetypes or ar*etypes ( !   
com+ ,savior4 ,h5ce "s ( ! m important  
incid5ts ( _! lives 7 hunt$ up & work$  
ov] aga91 to make !m fit ! life ( ,*ri/ 
z ! ,messiah1 recon/ruct$ & appli$ to   
him z ! second ,moses1 & a new prophet2 
= ,moses is repres5t$ z say+1 ,a prophet
 %all ! ,"l y\r ,god raise up l unto me4
 ,h5ce ,moses comes 9 ) ! prophets z an 
antetype ( ,*ri/4 ,! transfiguration (  
,*ri/ is !re=e con/itut$ aft] ! model ( 
! transfiguration ( ,moses on ,m\nt     
,s9ai4 ,& ,*ri/ is repres5t$ z rais+ !  
dead1 n only because ,elijah & ,eli%a _h
 p]=m$ su* miracles1 b did x "u         
circum/ances :i* prove1 z !y suppose1 he
 possess$ sup]ior p[]4 ,= :ile !y c\ld  
only reanimate ! body imm$iately aft] ! 
brea? _h left x1 ,*ri/ c\ld raise a man 
aft] he _h be5 dead f\r days 7! case (  

,laz>us74 ,h5ce ! ,new ,prophet 0       
sup]ior to ! old1 & m l a ,god--! ?+ !y 
desir$ to prove4 ,bo? ,elijah & ,*ri/   
are repres5t$ z rais+ a wid[s           
son1--,elijah be+ consid]$ ! special    
prototype ( ,*ri/1 :o1 _m believ$1 _h   
re-appe>$ "u ! *ang$ "n ( ,elias4 7,see 
,john v4 #ag47 ,& !n we obs]ve t :ile   
,eli%a exhau/$ 8 skill 9 mak+ ?ree      
gallons ( oil1 ,*ri/ c\ld make ?irty    
gallons ( w9e--ano!r pro( ( ! sup]iority
 ( ! ,new ,prophet4 ,!n1 aga91 ! miracle
 ( fe$+ "o hundr$ m5 ) tw5ty loaves is  
f> excell$ by ! latt]1 :o fe$s five ?\s&
 m5 ) five loaves4 ,& bo? prophets1     
,eli%a & ,*ri/1 enc\nt]$ un=dable /reams
 9 _! travels2 ! exp$i5t ( ! =m] is to  
make a passage1 b ,*ri/ p]=m$ ! great]  
miracle ( walk+ on ! surface4 ,& :ile   
,moses _h to s5d ! lep] )\t ! camp be=e 
he c\ld heal him1 ,*ri/ c\ld heal him   
in/antly ) a s+le t\*4 ,! same slaught] 
( ! infants is comm&$ by ,h]od1 9 ord]  
to de/roy ,*ri/1 t ,ph>aoh _h ord]$ to  
effect ! de/ruction ( ,moses4 ,& ?us _m 

( ! miracles ( ,jesus c be acc\nt$ = z  
recon/ructions ( =m] miracles4 ,x 0     
simply a competition or rivalry betwe5 !
 ,new ,messianic prophet & ! old        
prophets4 ,! ,new ,prophet excels &     
comes (f victori\s 9 e case1 & is ?us   
consid]$ to be a ,god4 ,! object ( !    
competition is to %[ t :ile ! prophets1 
assi/$ by ,god1 c\ld p]=m m>vel\s de$s1 
,*ri/1 be+ ,god himself1 c\ld p]=m      
great]4 ,?is 0 to be ! pro( ( 8 be+ a   
,god1 t he c\ld outvie ! s]vants ( ,god 
9 e miracul\s ?+ ascrib$ to !m4 ,?is 0  
"o way adopt$ to prove 8 div9ity4       
,,*ri/',s ,,miracles ,,manufactur$ ,,f  
,,prophecies4  ,sev]al ( ,*ri/s miracles
 seem to h gr[n out ( ! ,messianic      
prophecies2 t is1 7 manufactur$ 9 ord]  
to fulfill ! prophecies4 ,!re 01 z we   
le>n by ! ,gospels1 an impression deep &
 wide-spread among ! disciples ( ,*ri/1 
t ! ,old ,te/am5t 0 full ( texts =etell+
 ! adv5t ( _! ,messiah1 & =e%ad[+ 8     
practical life4 ,"u ?is conviction1 a   
numb] ( passages are quot$ 9 ! ,gospels 

f ! prophets z ref]r+ to ,*ri/1 b :i*1  
h[ev]1 ! context %[s c\ld n possibly h  
be5 writt5 ) any su* ?\ght or int5tion4 
,mat!w has five miracles app]ta9+ to    
,*ri/1 built on prophecies1 9 8 fir/ two
 *apt]s4 ,& !y are repres5t$ z tak+     
place 9 ord] t ! prophecy might be      
fulfill$1 t is1 ,mat!w1 writ+ sixty-f\r 
ye>s aft] ,*ri/'s adv5t1 assumes ^?     
miracles _h tak5 place because !        
prophecy requir$ _! p]=mance1 & h5ce    
record$ x z a fact )\t kn[+ x to be su*4
 ,a great deal ( t k9d ( lic5se 0 assum$
 9 t & subsequ5t ages1 z ! facts (      
hi/ory are ample to prove4 ,x 0 done "u 
! religi\s conviction t ! cause ( ,god &
 ! *ur* requir$ x to be done1 & t !re=e 
x 0 ju/ifiable4   ,,/rict ,,v]acity ,,n 
,,requir$ ,,or ,,obs]v$4  ,x is by no   
means necess>y to assume t ! record]s ( 
! ,new ,te/am5t miracles knew !y _h be5 
p]=m$1 or t !y w\ld hesitate to record  
!m z facts because !y did n "k !m to be 
su*4 ,we are "u no moral obligation to  
suppose !y knew any?+ ab\t x4 ,p 9 t age

 7 n s nice or s morally exact1 z to    
require pro( ( a ?+ be=e !y /at$ x1 or  
nev] to /ate x unless !y _h ! pro( = its
 be+ true4 ,we w\ld be ,v f> f accus+ ! 
apo/olic writ]s ( malici\s falsehood1 or
 crim9al misrepres5tation4 ,b we f9d t !
 disciples ( all religions1 9 t age ( ! 
_w1 consid]$ x n only all[able1 b a     
religi\s duty1 9 ! abs5ce ( k1 to supply
 omissions by guess-"w or conjecture2 t 
is1 to use assumption 9 ! place ( pro(1 
& to /ate t a ?+ 0 s :5 !re 0 no pro( ( 
x :atev]1 & ev5 :5 ! pro( 0 aga9/ x4    
,all religi\s hi/ory is full ( !        
exhibition ( ?is k9d ( ela/icity (      
consci5ce4 ,ev5 a species ( pi\s ly+ 0  
consid]$ ju/ifiable 9 _m cases4 ,paul   
furni%es evid5ce ( ?is1 :5 he says1 ,if 
! tru? ( ,god ha? m ab\nd$ ?r\gh my lie 
unto 8 glory1 :y am ,i judg$ a s9n]8    
7,rom4 iii4 #af47 ,no s9 to lie = !     
glory ( ,god1 seems to be ! tea*+ ( ?is 
text4 ,al?\gh ,paul does n cle>ly       
disclose = :at purpose ?is policy 0     
employ$1 yet x c easily be inf]r$4 ,a "p

 ( ! important bus9ess ( ! ,new ,te/am5t
 writ]s 0 to build a reputation = ,*ri/ 
& 8 inspir$ b& ( disciples = work+      
miracles4 ,a fame = a*iev+ signs &      
wond]s 0 ! great set (f ( ! age4 ,!re   
seems to h be5 an almo/ b\ndless        
competition among/ ! disciples ( ! v>i\s
 religi\s ord]s1 includ+ ,jews1 ,pagans1
 & ,*ri/ians1 z to :o c\ld1 or ^: ,god  
c\ld out/rip all competitors 9 a*iev+   
a/oni%+ prodigies t %\ld set ! laws (   
nature at defiance4 ,& no dev\t         
disciple1 :o _h good inv5tive p[]s1 w\ld
 all[ any rival to outdo him4 ,no?+ c\ld
 au!nticate ! claim ( ! adopt$ ,messiah 
to ! ?rone or heav51 or a p>ticipation 9
 ! ,div9e ,ess5ce1 l a miracul\s display
 ( div9e p[]4 ,h5ce ! hi/ory ( all !    
,gods & demi-gods ( ! illit]ate ages1   
includ+ t ( ,*ri/1 is load$ d[n )       
miracul\s feats4 ,!re is ! cle>e/ pro( t
 ,*ri/'s disciples 7 9 ?is g5]al        
rivalry--?is univ]sal miracle-work+ mle4
  ,two ?+s v necess>y to be accompli%$1 
9 ! e/imation ( ! apo/les1 71 fir/1 to  

%[ t ,*ri/ outdid ! hea!n ,gods1 & ev5 !
 prophets1 9 ! display ( ! wond]-excit+ 
miracul\s p[]1 & ?us prov$ 8 div9ity2 & 
second1 t ! prophecies _h be5 fulfill$ 9
 8 com+ & 8 practical life4 ,& !re is   
reason to believe all ! ,new ,te/am5t   
miracles are f\nd$ on & grew out (      
prophecy4 ,=1 al?\gh we d n f9d         
prophecies 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t = e miracle
 relat$ ( ,*ri/1 yet x is probable1 if  
we _h ! ,book ( ,god1 ! ,book ( ,jehu1 !
 ,l ( ,hezekiah1 & o!r lo/ books m5tion$
 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t1 we %\ld f9d !       
suppos$ prophecy = e miracle ( ! ,new   
,te/am5t4 ,we %\ld !re f9d ! key to e   
miracle4 ,! true explanation ( ! matt]  
seems to be1 t ! apo/olic writ]s1 look+ 
?r\gh ! ,old ,te/am5t1 & f9d+ texts !re9
 :i* !y believ$ to be prophetic ( !     
display ( ! miracul\s p[] ( ,jesus1 &   
passages :i* !y religi\sly believ$      
=e%ad[$ 8 com+ & mission1 or "s         
important ev5t 9 8 hi/ory1 !y 7 impress$
 ) ! deepe/ conviction t ,god w\ld n    
suff] any prophecy to g unfulfill$4 ,b  

:5 !y sat d[n to write ! hi/ory ( _!    
,messiah1 long aft] 8 dea?1 !y f\nd !y  
_h n ! evid5ce be=e !m t ! prophecies _h
 be5 fulfill$4 ,a ?ird ( a c5tury _h    
roll$ away s9ce 8 hi/ory _h be5         
practically be=e ! p4 ,! subject ( _!   
n>rative _h long s9ce gone to ! h\se (  
_m mansions1 & left n a note1 or scrat* 
( a p51 ( any act ( 8 life beh9d him4 ,&
 ! curr5t ( "t _h wa%$ away1 or p>tially
 oblit]at$1 ne>ly e ev5t ( 8 e>?ly c>e]4
 ,! witnesses _h ne>ly all left ! /age (
 action1 & _! voices 7 =ev] hu%$ 9 !    
sil5t tomb4 ,:at 0 to be done 9 su* an  
em]g5cy8 ,x 0 all-important to %[ t !   
prophecies _h be5 fulfill$ to ! lett] 9 
8 practical life4 ,?is qu&>y1 h[ev]1 did
 n beset !m long4 ,! difficulty 0 easily
 surm\nt$4 ,e religi\s c\ntry1 includ+  
,judea1 0 full ( miracul\s leg5ds &     
a/oni%+ prodigies app]ta9+ to !         
t]re/rial movem5ts ( _! ,gods &         
demigods1 "s ( :i* _h float$ d[n on !   
/ream ( tradition f "t immemorial4 ,&   
all _h become bl5d$1 conf\nd$1 & mix$ up

 toge!r1 until x 0 impossible to "k :5ce
 !y orig9at$1 :]e !y belong$1 or to :at 
,god !y app]ta9$4 ,^! miracul\s /ories 7
 s num]\s1 & s v>i$ 9 "*1 t !re 0 no    
little difficulty 9 f9d+ :i* seem$ to be
 ! fulfillm5t ( any ,messianic prophecy 
t _h be5 or might be f\nd 9 ! ,old      
,te/am5t2 & ?us ( ! hundr$s ( miracul\s 
/ories afloat1 "o 0 pick$ out & assum$  
to be ! fulfillm5t ( ! prophecy4 ,) !   
c\ntless numb] ( su* /ories be=e !m1 :i*
 _h be5 = half a c5tury curr5t 9 !      
community1 !y set !mselves to "w to     
select & reject1 prune & remodel1       
hone/ly believ+ t ?is miracle 0 int5d$  
to fulfill ?is prophecy1 & t miracle t  
prophecy1 c4 ,& accord+ly we n[ f9d x s 
/at$ 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,z1 = example1 a
 /ory _h long be5 go+ ! r\nds t ! p>5ts 
( a "y ,god _h to flee ) him out ( !    
c\ntry1 to save 8 life f be+ de/roy$ by 
its jeal\s rul]4 ,?is !y suppos$ mu/ (  
c\rse ref] to ,jesus1 because !y _h f\nd
 a suppos$ prophecy ( su* an ev5t 9 !   
,jewi% bible1 :5 a m ?or\gh acqua9tance 

) hi/ory w\ld h taught !m t ! /ory did n
 ref] to ! rul] ( ,judea 7,h]od71 b to  
,cansa1 an anci5t1 jeal\s1 despotic k+1 
:o rul$ ,india at a mu* e>li] p]iod4 ,& 
! /ory ( ! d>kness at ! crucifixion !y  
incorporat$ z a "p ( ! hi/ory ( ,jesus1 
because !y _h se5 a text 9 ,joel :i* !y 
suppos$ presag$ su* an ev5t1 :ile1 if !y
 _h be5 well v]s$ 9 ori5tal hi/ory1 !y  
w\ld h kn[n t x _h long be5 record$ z ! 
la/ *apt] 9 ! e>?ly drama ( ! ,h9doo    
,god ,*ri%na4 ,& s ( ! o!r miracles n[  
f\nd relat$ z a "p ( ! hi/ory ( ,jesus4 
,a hi/orical inve/igation ( ! matt] w\ld
 h %[n ! ,gospel writ]s t !y 7 a "p ( ! 
writt5 hi/ory ( o!r & m anci5t ,gods1 & 
_h nev] =m$ a "p ( ! practical life (   
,jesus1 or be5 realiz$ 9 8 exp]i5ce4    
,?is is a m *>itable & honorable        
explanation ( ! matt] ?an t f\nd 9 !    
assumption ( "s o!r writ]s1 t e miracle 
0 con/ruct$ = ! occasion--t x is a %e]  
fabrication2 & yet !re are "s plausible 
gr\nds = ?is solution ( ! case4  ,^!    
critical writ]s tell u !re 0 a religi\s 

p]suasion deeply en/amp$ ^u ! m9ds ( all
 religi\s c\ntries1 t ,god (t5 ju/ifi$ a
 dep>ture f ! tru?--! consci5ti\s or    
v]aci\s faculty be+ 9 t age b feebly    
develop$4 ,& ! bible itself is full (   
evid5ce to e/abli% ! allegation4 ,!     
prophets (t5 disclose x1 & ! apo/les 7  
_! /rict imitators4 ,ezekiel repres5ts  
,god z say+1 ,if a prophet is deceiv$1  
,i ! ,"l deceiv$ t prophet4 7,ezek4 xiv4
 #i47 ,& ,j]emiah asks ,god1 ,wilt ?\ be
 to me z a li>8 7,j]4 xv4 #h47 ,:ile !  
writ] ( ,k+s repres5ts ,god z putt+ a   
ly+ _s into ! m\? ( 8 own prophets1 7i  
,k+s xxii4 #bc47 ,& mo/ c]ta9ly if ,god 
himself might ?us habitually dep>t f !  
tru?1 x 0 an ample w>rant = 8 apo/les1 z
 well z ! prophets1 to adopt ! same     
exp$i5t4 ,! case ( ,paul ly+ = ! glory (
 ,god1 :i* we h cit$ f ,romans iii4 #d1 
proves !y 7 morally capable ( do+ ?is4  
,mo%eim tells u t among ! e>ly          
,*ri/ians1 x 0 an almo/ univ]sally      
adopt$ maxim1 t x 0 an act ( virtue to  
deceive & lie1 :5 by s do+ !y c\ld      

promote ! int]e/ ( ! *ur*4 7,mo%4 vol4  
i4 p4 #aih47 ,& ,mr4 ,higg9s in=ms u t  
great numb]s1 ( e age & ( e religion1 h 
be5 guilty ( sy/ematic frauds &         
falsehoods to support _! religions1 to  
an ext5t ( :i* we c h no conception4 ,!y
 n only practic$ x1 b !y r$uc$ x to     
sy/em4 ,!y av[$ x1 & !y ju/ifi$ x by    
decl>+ x to be m]itori\s to lie 9 a good
 cause4 7,ana4 vol4 i4 p4 #adc47 ,!     
read] :o c hesitate to cr$it ^! /atem5ts
 only betrays 8 ignorance ( ! moral     
weakness ( human nature1 & ! imp]fect   
gr[? 9 t era ( ! v]aci\s faculty1 :i*   
consequ5tly _h b a feeble voice 9 !     
c\ncils ( ! m9d4 ,ev5 ! mo/ pi\s & dev\t
 pr(essors ( religion did n consid] a   
rigid con=mity to tru? necess>y1 or     
morally obligatory1 9 _! labors to      
promote ! glory ( ,god & ! salvation (  
s\ls4 ,& :5 direct falsehood 0 n resort$
 to1 ! writ] /ill all[$ himself to      
color1 magnify1 & inv5t l>gely2 t is1 to
 draw copi\sly ^u ! res\rces ( 8        
imag9ation1 9 ! way ( supply+ omissions 

& defects1 & fill+ out miss+ l9ks 9 !   
*a9 ( hi/ory4 ,& h5ce x is t all anci5t 
sacr$ hi/ory is s pr(usely inlaid )     
/ories & /atem5ts manife/ly fabricat$ = 
! occasion1 )\t any hi/orical support1 &
 !re=e :olly incr$ible4 ,let ! ,*ri/ian 
read] n1 h[ev]1 misappreh5d u by suppos+
 we wi% to drive him to ! extreme       
alt]native ( accept+ ?is z ! true       
explanation1 or z indicat+ ! real orig9 
( ! incr$ible /ories & s5seless         
miracul\s feats int]wov5 into ! ,gospel 
life ( ,jesus4 ,we only (f] x z a       
plausible1 b n z ! probable explanation4
 ,! above citations f ! ,scriptures &   
o!r hi/ory prove mo/ cle>ly t sacr$     
writ]s 7 morally capable ( fabricat+ or 
manufactur+ hi/ory to supply assum$     
omissions4 ,& ?is explanation is tw(old 
m reasonable ?an to accept ! miracles z 
real occurr5ces1 = su* a belief w\ld be 
at w> ) common s5se1 & pro/rate our     
reason b5ea? our feet4 ,b !re is no     
necessity ( adopt+ ly+ hypo!ses1 :ile ! 
borr[+ !ory is amply adequate to acc\nt 

= e ,gospel miracle4 ,!re is n a        
miracul\s /ory or incr$ible leg5d       
incorporat$ 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t z a "p ( !
 hi/ory ( ,jesus1 t 0 n afloat 9 "s %ape
 or =m1 on ! w+s ( tradition 9 ne>ly e  
religi\s c\ntry1 ages be=e 8 bir?4 ,!   
model = ea* & e miracle 0 already       
con/ruct$1 0 already 9 ! m>ket1 &       
already a "p ( ! hi/ory or tradition (  
o!r & old] ,gods4 ,& all t 0 want$ to   
make x appe> z a "p ( ! hi/ory ( !      
,*ri/ian's deifi$ ,jesus1 0 to fill 9   
names & dates4 ,yes1 hi/ory ) a hundr$  
tongues proclaims x z ! real explanation
 ( ! incr$ible & ! impossible 9 ! hi/ory
 ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,& ! evid5ce is s      
volum9\s & s ov]:elm+ to disprove !     
common ,*ri/ian dogma :i* makes ! son ( 
,joseph & ,m>y a miracle-work+ ,god 7a  
portion ( :i* we h pres5t$ "u ! sev]al  
propositions ( ?is *apt]71 t x really   
demoli%es ! la/ timb] 9 ! ,*ri/ian      
fabric1 & leaves x a heap ( ru9s4 ,& we 
are c]ta9 t if we c\ld dive/ ! ,*ri/ian 
read]'s m9d1 = a few mom5ts1 ( an       

inh]it$ & fo/]$ prejudice1 he w\ld see t
 our explanation is mu* m rational1 m   
probable1 m beautiful ?an ! popul>      
belief1 :i* degrades ! illu/ri\s ,judean
 re=m] to a level ) ! hea!n ?aumaturgi/1
 & gives him ! same undignifi$          
reputation z a miracle-work]4  ,b we are
 sometimes told we are "u z mu* moral   
obligation to believe 9 ! miracles      
report$ ( ,jesus1 z to believe 9 any o!r
 portion ( 8 hi/ory2 t we mu/ accept 8  
,gospel hi/ory z a :ole1 or reject x 9  
toto4 ,b ?is is manife/ly a false       
assumption1 & "o easily explod$4 ,no    
p]son :o is acqua9t$ ) ,grecian hi/ory  
d\bts t ,alex&] ! ,great 0 born 9       
,mac$onia1 & f\nd$ a city 9 ,egypt be>+ 
8 own "n4 ,yet n "o ( ^? read]s w cr$it 
= a mom5t :at "o ( 8 biograph]s relates 
( him1 t he /opp$ ! sun 9 its c\rse1 or 
t he _h no human fa!r4 ,we all accept   
,py?agoras z a real entity1 :ile we     
reject ! /ory ( 8 walk+ on ! air4 ,are  
we morally b\nd to accept ,romulus &    
,remus1 f\nd]s ( ,rome1 z m]e fabul\s   

be+s1 because _! biograph]s relate !    
incr$ible /ory ( _! be+ suckl$ by a     
wolf8 ,_m o!r illu/rations might be giv5
 9 pro( ( ! falsity ( ! assumption t1   
because a portion ( a man's biography is
 f\nd to be incr$ible1 ! :ole mu/ be    
reject$ z false1 z unwor?y ( cr$5ce4    
,?is w\ld be to annihilate hi/ory4 ,= no
 biography ( any p]son1 & no hi/ory (   
any nation1 c be accept$ z pl5>ily pure1
 unmix$ tru?4 ,!re is always m or less  
*aff ) ! gra91 & x is our privilege &   
our duty to sep>ate !m4 ,& by s do+ we n
 only conf] a favor on ! cause ( tru?1 b
 add to ! lu/] & honor ( ! "n ( !       
deceas$ re=m]2 & especially is ?is true 
( ! r5[n$ ,judean philan?ropi/ & re=m]4 
,mu* m lovely & beautiful w\ld 8        
evangelical hi/ory /& be=e ! _w if      
/ripp$ ( ! wild1 ! weird1 & ! miracul\s4
 ,mu* m int]e/+ is he :5 view$ & v5]at$ 
z a man ?an :5 wor%ipp$ z a ,god1 guilty
 ( ! frequ5t violation ( 8 own laws1 by 
! display ( ! miracle-work+ p[]4  ,& mu*
 m beautiful & mu* m rational is !      

doctr9e :i* accepts e ev5t t ev] occurr$
 z ! legitimate & h>moni\s op]ation ( ! 
great ma*9]y ( nature1 ?an z ! sm>t     
trick1 ! lawless caprice or wild feat1 (
 an arbitr>y1 wond]-excit+ ,god1 p]=m$ n
 to make ! p bett]1 m moral or m        
righte\s 7= miracles _c d ?is71 b m]ely 
to make !m gape & />e1 & %\t1 ,:at a    
sm>t ,god we h got6  ,& !n ! belief 9   
miracles involves an utt] repudiation ( 
all law1 all ord]1 & all sy/em1 &       
introduces 9 _! /ead *aos1 an>*y1 &     
univ]sal confusion4 ,x is simply !      
doctr9e ( *ance4 :i* all or?odox        
,*ri/5dom pr(esses to deprecate &       
execrate z ! qu9tess5ce ( a!ism4 ,b !y  
make a mi/ake2 *ance is m legitimately !
 fruit ( miracle ?an ( a!ism2 an        
ass]tion :i* we w "h briefly prove4  ,if
 ! sun may be arre/$ 9 8 c\rse ?r\gh !  
heav5s1 ! moon turn$ into blood1 & ! />s
 fall f ! heav51--/icks turn$ into      
s]p5ts1 wat] into blood1 & du/ into     
lice1--all ( :i* or?odox ,*ri/ians      
pr(ess to believe 7 witness$ 9 ! days ( 

,moses & ,*ri/1 !n ev]y?+ is ?r[n ^u !  
:eel ( *ance2 ev]y?+ is involv$ 9       
unc]ta9ty4 ,if ! c\rse ( nature c\ld be 
arre/$1 or ! natural qualities ( objects
 *ang$ by ! pray] ( a prophet1 patri>*1 
or apo/le1 !n ! food set be=e u to eat  
may sudd5ly1 9 compliance ) ! pray]s (  
"s abs5t sa9t1 become a deadly poison2 !
 clo!s we we> may be in/antly trans=m$  
into virul5t add]s1 :i* may inflict !   
fatal /+ be=e we suspect x2 "s favorite 
s]vant ( ,god 7a ,moses or an ,elijah7  
might be ?is mom5t pray+ to ,god to /op 
! dews f fall+1 or ! ra9 f desc5d+ = !  
next ?ree mon?s1 or ?ree ye>s1 z ! latt]
 is report$ z do+ 7see ,james v4 #ag71 s
 t we c\ld n plant ) any c]ta9ty t ! se$
 w\ld gr[1 or t we %\ld be rew>d$ by a  
crop4 ,su* w\ld be ! inc]titude1 su* !  
*ance aga9/ u 9 ev]y?+ 9 :i* we might   
engage1 if x 7 true t ,god ev] int]cepts
 ! action ( 8 laws by work+ a miracle1 t
 we %\ld ev5tually become disc\rag$ by  
?is *aos ( *ance1 ! :eels ( indu/ry w\ld
 /op1 & ! c> ( civilization g backw>d4  

,if x 7 true1 z taught by or?odox       
,*ri/ians1 t ,god 9 8 provid5ce1 or ,god
 9 ! disp5sation ( 8 provid5ce1 (t5     
visits p ) sickness1 !n x w\ld be       
useless to /udy ! laws ( heal? ) a view 
( comply+ ) !m4 ,= we c\ld n "k 9 any   
case :e!r our sickness _h be5 br\ght ^u 
u by1 an ov]rul+ provid5ce1 or by our   
own imprud5ce4 ,our inv5tives to /udy & 
comply ) ^! laws1 if !re c\ld be any1   
w\ld consequ5tly be v weak inde$1 = we  
might comply ) e physiological          
requisition1 & yet !re w\ld be sev]al   
*ances1 aga9/ u t to-morr[ we may be    
/ret*$ ^u a sick b$ & roll+ pill[ by !  
visitation ( ,god4 ,?us ! doctr9e (     
miracles is %[n to be pre-em95tly !     
doctr9e ( *ance4  ,! doctr9e ( miracul\s
 ag5cy makes ,god an imp]fect be+1 by   
imply+ t 8 laws 7 defective 9 _! orig9al
 con/ruction1 t by mi/ake he left "s    
em]g5cy unprovid$ =1 & n[ has to supply 
! omission by an aft]clap ex]cise ( p[]4
 ,or if 8 laws 7 orig9ally p]fect1 !n ! 
work+ ( a miracle w\ld di/urb !m1 & make

 !m imp]fect2 if orig9ally imp]fect1 !n 
,god himself mu/ h be5 imp]fect1 & h5ce 
no ,god at all4 ,?9k ( a wond]work+ ,god
 violat+1 susp5d+1 or int]cept+ 8 own   
laws4 ,su* a ,god w\ld be a pu]ile1     
%ort-sight$ be+1 t only ignorant &      
uncultivat$ m9ds c\ld admire & adore4   
,! age ( miracles1 h[ev]1 is gone4 ,!   
belief 9 div9e prodigies has rec$$ be=e 
! advanc+ g5ius ( civilization4 ,x has  
di$ away 9 ! exact ratio ( ! progress ( 
sci5ce & g5]al intellig5ce4 ,& a ?or\gh 
acqua9tance ) nature's laws w bani% !   
la/ ve/ige ( su* a belief4 ,h5ce x is t 
! mo/ illit]ate & ignorant nations &    
tribes h always be5 able to rec\nt !    
longe/ li/ ( miracul\s prodigies a*iev$ 
by a disord]ly ,god1 :o seems to h tak5 
pleasure 9 violat+ 8 own laws1 or       
susp5d+ !m1 = ! mo/ trivial purposes4   
,yes1 ! "t is approa*+ :5 ! belief 9 a  
miracul\s int]position or special       
provid5ces mu/ pass away "u ! lights (  
sci5ce & civilization1 & be numb]$      
among/ ! ?+s :i* h be5 & c be no m1 & m5

 w *]i% m noble & elevat$ ideas ( !     
great ,rul] ( ! univ]se1 :o is inf9ite 9
 ord]1 inf9ite 9 wisdom1 ay1 inf9ite 9  
all 8 attributes & virtues1 ev]         
un*angeably ! same4   ,,ii4 ,prophecy1 !
 second ,pill> ( ! ,*ri/ian ,fai?1      
proves z mu* = ,hea!nism &              
,spiritualism4  ,tru?ful prophecy1      
atte/$ to be su* by its fulfillm5t1 is  
assum$ to be "o ( ! basic pill>s & "o ( 
! ma9 pro(s ( ! tru? ( ! ,*ri/ian       
religion4 ,b ! foll[+ consid]ation w %[ 
t ?is assumption has no logical =ce1 or 
real1 tangible f\ndation4  ,fir/4 ,e    
anci5t sy/em ( religion _h its prophets 
& se]s1 :o pr(ess$ to be able to =esee  
ev5ts ( ! future4 ,& we f9d b little    
diff]5ce 9 ! pro(s ea* "o has left to ! 
_w t !y possess$ ?is p[]1 if we except !
 ,greeks & ,romans1 "s ( :om evid5tly   
excell$ all ! ,jewi% prophets 9 _!      
ability to take cognizance ( ev5ts ly+  
beh9d ! curta9 ( "t4 ,tacitus1 ! ,lat9  
hi/orian1 prophesi$ ! d[nfall ( ! ,roman
 empire & its att5dant calamities m ?an 

five hundr$ ye>s be=e its occurr5ce1 :i*
 0 fulfill$ to ! lett]4 ,& ,solon1 "o ( 
! sev5 wise m5 ( ,greece1 =esaw & =etold
 a s]ies ( calamities :i* befell !      
,a!nians two hundr$ ye>s be=e !y 7      
realiz$4 ,a /ill m rem>kable example is 
furni%$ 9 ! hi/ory ( ,m>cus ,tullius    
,cic]o1 :o1 writ+ ( ! future1 ) 8 m9d   
fix$ on ! we/1 ab\t #ej ,b4 ,c41        
exclaim$1 ,!re w arise aft] _m ages 7if 
we may cr$it ! ,sibyll9e oracles71 a h]o
 :o w deliv] 8 oppress$ c\ntrym5 f      
bondage--a prophecy mo/ signally        
fulfill$ 9 ! life ( ,g5]al ,wa%+ton4 ,_m
 o!r examples ( hea!n prophecy & _!     
fulfillm5t might be cit$1 if we _h space
 = !m4  ,second4 ,! hi/ory ( mod]n      
spiritualism furni%es _m cases ( future 
ev5ts be+ pr$ict$ long be=e !y took     
place4 ,9 fact1 _m ( ! mo/ important    
ev5ts ( mod]n times :i* h occurr$ 9 ?is 
& o!r c\ntries1 7 =ese5 & =etold by     
spiritual se]s kn[n z see+ m$iums1 :5   
!re 0 n ! slighte/ probability t su*    
ev5ts w\ld ev] occur4 ,we w cite "o or  

two cases1 by way ( pro( & illu/ration4 
,a few ye>s ago ,john ,p4 ,coles1 ( ,new
 ,york1 kn[n z a spiritual m$ium1       
prophesi$1 :5 "u _s control1 t ,ni*olas 
( ,russia w\ld %ortly h difficulty ) 8  
secret>y ,m5zic(f1 & j ?ree mon?s f t "t
 w\ld die--a pr$iction t 0 fulfill$ to !
 v lett] & to ! v h\r4 ,& yet !re 0 n ! 
slighte/ probability1 ext]nally         
indicat$1 at ! "t ! prophecy 0 utt]$1 t 
ei!r ( ^! ev5ts w\ld ev] be realiz$4 ,& 
?is prophecy1 let x be not$1 0 publi%$ 9
 ! ,new ,york ,times at lea/ two mon?s  
be=e x 0 v]ifi$1 ?us prov+ t ! pr$iction
 0 n an aft]clap affair1 b prec$$ !     
ev5t4 ,take ano!r example4 ,! s]i\s     
calamity :i* befell ! ill-fat$ /eam]    
kn[n z ! ,arctic1 :i* 0 lo/ at sea a    
numb] ( ye>s ago1 ) all on bo>d1 0      
prophetically describ$ 9 m9ute detail1  
by a _s m$ium1 sev]al mon?s be=e x      
occurr$2 & 0 se5 & describ$ by ano!r    
m$ium1 :ile tak+ place m ?an a ?\s&     
miles di/ant4 ,! pro( is at our comm&4  
,& ! late disa/r\s w> 0 =ese5 & describ$

 by ,cora ,tappan1 ( ,new ,york1 & o!r  
m$iums1 & its pr9cipal ev5ts po9t$ out  
long be=e ! w> broke out--a fact :i* is 
n[ a matt] ( hi/ory4 ,^! are only a few 
cases out ( hundr$s t might be cit$ ( a 
simil> "*1 drawn f ! practical hi/ory ( 
mod]n spiritualism4 ,if1 !n1 prophecy c 
d any?+ t[>d ! tru? or div9e emanation (
 ! ,*ri/ian religion1 x mu/ d ! same = !
 hea!n & spiritual sy/ems4 ,& ?us prov+ 
too mu*1 x proves no?+ at all4  ,?ird4  
,! ,jewi% prophecies n fulfill$4 ,we h  
exam9$ critically ! v>i\s texts ( !     
,*ri/ian bible call$ prophecies1 & f9d  
t1 if claim$ z pr$ictions ( ! future    
ev5ts beyond ! p[]s ( ! natural m9d to  
=esee1 !y h all fail$4 ,b few ( !m h be5
 fulfill$ 9 any s5se1 & ^? few requir$  
no div9e presci5ce to =esee ! result4   
,_m ev5ts h transpir$ 9 e c\ntry1 :i* ! 
natural sagacity ( ! mo/ obs]vant m9ds 9
 t c\ntry _h anticipat$ z ! result (    
natural causes1 su* z ! ravages &       
d[nfall ( cities & ! ov]?r[ ( empires by
 ! m]ciless h& ( w>4 ,! ,jewi% prophet1 

fo/]+ a _s ( envy & enmity t[>ds ,egypt1
 ,babylon1 & o!r sup]ior k+doms1 because
 !y _h be5 ov]p[]$ by !m & long held 9  
subjection to _! sup]ior sway1 7 always 
prophesy+ evil ?+s ( ^! pr9cipalities4  
,& ?\gh "s ( ! evils :i* con/itut$ !    
burd5 ( prophecy might h be5 reasonably 
anticipat$ z natural occurr5ces1 x is a 
signal fact !y nev] transpir$ at        
all1--su* z ! total de/ruction (        
,babylon1 ,tyre1 ,damascus1 & o!r cities
 belong+ to ^? ho/ile k+doms ! ,jews s  
mu* envi$ & execrat$4 ,look1 = pro(1 at 
! case ( ,damascus4 ,! prophets ,isaiah1
 ,j]emiah1 & ,ezekiel1 all p\r$ out _!  
fulm9atory ?und]s ^u ?is city4 ,isaiah  
decl>$ x %\ld be a ru9\s heap4 7,isa4   
xvii4 ,i47 ,& ,j]emiah pr$ict$ its      
de/ruction by fire4 7,j]4 xlix4 #bg47 ,&
 yet1 not)/&+ ^! pr$ictions ( ru91      
,damascus /ill /&s z "o ( ! p>adises ( !
 e>?1 z "o writ] /yles x1 ) a           
population1 accord+ to ,burckh>t1 ( n   
less ?an two hundr$ & fifty ?\s&1 be+ "o
 ( ! mo/ magnific5t & prosp]\s comm]cial

 cities on ! globe4 ,in/ead ( be+ blott$
 out ( exi/5ce1 z ! ,jewi% prophets     
pray$ & pr$ict$1 x has suff]$ less by   
ravages ( w> & ! scy! ( "t ?an almo/ any
 o!r city ( ! ea/4 ,x has /ood ne>ly    
?ree ?\s& ye>s )\t becom+ a ru9\s heap1 
or be+ consum$ by fire or de/roy$ by w>4
 7,j]4 xlix4 #bf47 ,& ! prophecy aga9/  
,tyre has mo/ signally fail$ also4      
,ezekiel decl>$ x %\ld be de/roy$ by    
,nebu*adnezz>1 & nev] be f\nd aga94     
7,ezek4 xxvi4-xxix47 ,b two hundr$ &    
fifty ye>s aft] ,nebu*adnezz>'s "t      
,alex&] f\nd x a /rong comm]cial city4  
,& x /ill conta9s a population ( five   
?\s& or m4 ,/4 ,j]ome1 ( ! f\r? c5tury1 
decl>$ x to be !n ! f9e/ city (         
,pho5icia1 & 0 a/oni%$ t ,ezekiel's     
prophecy _h s utt]ly fail$4  ,&         
,isaiah's fam\s pr$iction aga9/ ,babylon
 furni%es ano!r pro( ( ! utt] failure ( 
,jewi% prophecy4 ,he decl>$1 aft]       
pr$ict+ its de/ruction1 ,x %all nev] be 
inhabit$1 nei!r %all x be dwelt 9 f     
g5]ation to g5]ation1 nei!r %all !      

,arabian pit* t5t !re4 7,isa4 xiii4     
#bj47 ,( c\rse he desir$ x %\ld be s4   
,b1 un=tunately = 8 cr$it z a prophet1 x
 nev] suff]$ su* a calamity4 ,on !      
contr>y1 accord+ to ,lay>d & ,rawl9son1 
,briti% commission]s :o rec5tly visit$ !
 place1 x n[ pres5ts all ! activity ( a 
hive ( bees 7to use ,lay>d's language71 
& conta9s sev]al ?\s& inhabitants1 ?\gh 
its "n is1 s9ce rebuilt1 call$ ,hillah4 
,& ?us ! prophecy is falsifi$4 ,no1     
exclaims a good ,*ri/ian bro!r1 9 =lorn 
hope1 x may be fulfill$ yet4 ,b if he w 
exam9e ! language ( ! prophecy1 he w f9d
 he is entirely cut (f f ?is sav+       
clause4 ,! prophet says1 ,h] "t is ne>  
to come1 & h] days %all n be prolong$4  
7,isa4 xiii4 #bb47 ,?us x is evid5t !   
prophecy 0 to be fulfill$ 9 t age &     
g5]ation4 ,! failure1 !n1 is absolute & 
indisputable4 ,& ^! are b m]e samples ( 
! complete failure ( e text call$ a     
prophecy1 :5 appli$ to ! progno/ication 
( future ev5ts4 ,num]\s texts c be f\nd 
9 ! prophets augur+ evil = ,egypt1 :i* h

 made no approximation t[>d fulfillm5t4 
,ezekiel prophesi$ ! fall ( ,egypt1 !   
desolation ( ,egypt1 ! de/ruction (     
,egypt1 c41 n "o ( :i* calamities has   
ev] be5 realiz$ 9 h] exp]i5ce4          
,prophecies respect+ ! re/oration ( !   
lo/ tribes & ! p]petuity ( ! ,israeliti%
 ?rone are complete failures2 also all !
 ,messianic prophecies1 s call$4 7,see  
,*ap4 ,,ii47 ,) respect to ! prophecy on
 ,babylon1 x may be fur!r obs]v$ t :ile 
! prophet decl>es1 ,nei!r %all !        
,arabian pit* t5t !re 7,isa4 xiii4 #bb71
 ,lay>d decl>es t is ! v ?+ !y did d    
:ile he 0 !re4 ,he says he saw a numb] (
 ,arabian t5ts pit*$ on ! gr\nd2 ?us    
prov+ a failure ( ! prophecy all r\nd 9 
e p>ticul>4 7,see note page ,f\r?74 ,!  
bible itself is a witness t tru?ful     
prophecy c d no?+ t[>d au!nticat+ a     
religion1 or t[>d prov+ ! prophet       
div9ely inspir$4 ,! same damag+         
concession is made "h z 9 ! case (      
miracles1 t a hea!n & an unbeliev] c\ld 
& did succe$ z well z ! true disciples (

 ! fai?4 ,! pro( ( ?is /atem5t is f\nd 9
 ! hi/ory ( ,balaam4 ,8 figurative      
repres5tation ( a /> com+ out ( ,jacob &
 a scept] out ( ,judah 7see ,numb4 *ap4 
xxiv47 is (t5 quot$ by ,*ri/ian writ]s z
 presag+ or prefigur+ ! com+ (          
,*ri/1--?us mak+ a hea!n & an unbeliev] 
! oracle ( a ,messianic prophecy1 & a   
hea!n1 too1 ( s9ful & ungodly habits4 ,s
 t ! ,*ri/ian subt]fuge is n available  
"h1 t ,god might make a righte\s man (  
any nation ! vehicle ( prophecy4 ,= we h
 ! express decl>ation ( ! bible itself t
 he 0 n a righte\s man1 b ! v rev]se4   
,pet] tells u1 ,he lov$ ! wages (       
unrighte\sness1 at ! v "t ?is prophecy s
 call$ 0 utt]$ 7 see #b ,pet] ii4 #ac 71
 :i* pro/rates =ev] ! ,*ri/ian plea ! he
 might h possess$ ! true _s ( prophecy  
by virtue ( be+ a righte\s man1 & drives
 u to ! admission t an unconv]t$ savage 
& ungodly hea!n unbeliev] c\ld make a   
true prophecy4 ,x n be+ necess>y1 !n1 to
 be a ,jew1 or a ,*ri/ian1 or a believ]1
 or ev5 a moral man1 to =esee or =etell 

! f>-(f important ev5ts ( ! future1 !   
argum5t falls =ev] to ! gr\nd t !       
fulfillm5t ( ! ,jewi% prophecies1 if    
admitt$ to h be5 fulfill$1 c\ld d any?+ 
t[>d prov+ ! tru? or div9e acceptance ( 
! religion ( ! bible1 or its sup]iority 
ov] any hea!n or ori5tal religion !n or 
subsequ5tly kn[n to hi/ory1 z !y all    
pres5t ! same evid5ce ( be+ end[$ ) !   
true _s ( prophecy4 ,all argum5t =      
,*ri/ianity bas$ on ! prophecies1 or !  
gift ( prophecy1 is1 !n1 =ev] at an end1
 z x has be5 %[n t ! p[] to =etell      
future ev5ts is n re/rict$ by ! bible   
itself to any nation1 to any religion1  
to any fai?1 to any belief1 or to any   
moral or religi\s qualification4 ,:at1  
!n1 is prophecy wor?1 or :at does x     
prove8 ,ano!r case1 & "o simil> to t (  
,balaam 9 its ess5tial po9ts1 is f\nd 9 
! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,caiaphas1 ?\gh n      
claim+ to be any "p ( a believ]1 utt]s a
 prophecy 9 ! int]e/ ( ! ,*ri/ian       
religion = :i* ! bible itself gives him 
full cr$it z a prophet4 ,"h1 !n1 is     

ano!r case ( a hea!n /eal+ ! ,*ri/ian's 
?und]1 & ano!r pro( t ! _s ( true       
prophecy has nev] be5 conf9$ to any     
nation or any religion2 & h5ce1 accord+ 
to ! tea*+s ( ! bible itself1 does no?+ 
at all t[>d e/abli%+ ! exalt$ claims (  
,*ri/ianity1 or t[>d prov+ its          
sup]iority ov] o!r sy/ems ( religion4   
,,iii4 ,moral ,precepts ! ?ird ,pill> ( 
! ,*ri/ian ,fai?4  ,x is decl>$1 9 view 
( ! _m wise precepts :i* issu$ f ! m\? (
 ,jesus ,*ri/1 t he spake z nev] man    
spake4 7,john vii4 #df47 ,if ?is 7 true1
 !n ,gods mu/ h be5 v num]\s prior to ! 
,*ri/ian era4 ,= !re is n "o ( ! moral  
maxims or preceptive comm&s :i* he gave 
utt]ance to t _c be f\nd lit]ally or    
sub/antially 9 ! old] bibles ( o!r      
nations1 or ! writ+s ( ! ,greek         
philosoph]s1 & ! religi\s diss]tations (
 hea!n morali/s1 :o gave out moral &    
religi\s lessons = ! in/ruction ( ! _w  
long prior to ! bir? ( ,*ri/4 ,ev5 !    
,gold5 ,rule1 :i* ,*ri/ian writ]s1      
ignorant or ori5tal hi/ory1 h errone\sly

 ascrib$ to ,jesus ,*ri/1 & laud$ him z 
be+ ! au?or (1 is f\nd v>i\sly express$ 
9 ! writ+s ( sev]al hea!n or ori5tal    
nations4 ,we f9d x 9 ! ,*9ese bible at  
lea/ live hundr$ ye>s old] ?an ours1    
almo/ ^w = ^w z ,jesus utt]$ x4 ,we w "h
 pres5t x z express$ by diff]5t writ]s4 
#a4 ,gold5 ,rule by ,confucius1 #ejj ,b4
 ,c4  ,d unto ano!r :at y w\ld h him d  
unto y1 & d n to ano!r :at y w\ld n h   
him d unto y4 ,?\ ne$e/ ?is law alone4  
,x is ! f\ndation ( all ! re/4  #b4     
,gold5 ,rule by ,ari/otle1 #che ,b4 ,c4 
,we %\ld conduct ourselves t[>d o!rs z  
we w\ld h !m act t[>d u4  #c4 ,gold5    
,rule by ,pittacus1 #fej ,b4 ,c4  ,d n  
to y\r neighbor :at y w\ld take ill f   
him4  #d4 ,gold5 ,rule by ,?ales1 #dfd  
,b4 ,c4  ,avoid do+ :at y w\ld blame    
o!rs = do+4  #e4 ,gold5 ,rule by        
,isocrates1 #cch ,b4 ,c4  ,act t[>d o!rs
 z y desire !m to act t[>d y4  #f4      
,gold5 ,rule by ,ari/ippus1 #cfe ,b4 ,c4
  ,*]i% reciprocal b5evol5ce1 :i* w make
 y z anxi\s = ano!r's welf>e z y\r own4 

#g4 ,gold5 ,rule by ,sextus1 a          
,py?agorean1 #djf ,b4 ,c4  ,:at y wi%   
y\r neighbors to be to y1 su* be also to
 !m4  #h4 ,gold5 ,rule by ,hillel1 #ej  
,b4 ,c4  ,d n to o!rs :at y w\ld n l    
o!rs to d to y4  ,"h is ! ,gold5 ,rule  
proclaim$ by sev5 hea!n morali/s & a    
,jew long be=e x 0 republi%$ by ! f\nd] 
( ,*ri/ianity2 ?us prov+ x to be ( hea!n
 orig91 & prov+ t x does n transc5d !   
natural capacity ( ! human bra9 to      
orig9ate1 & h5ce ne$s no ,god to reveal 
x4 ,inde$1 x is "o ( ! mo/ natural      
s5tim5ts ( ! human m9d4 ,w\ld ,i l to be
 treat$ ?us8 is ! fir/ ?\ght :i*        
naturally arises 9 ! m9d ( a p]son :5   
maltreat+ a neighbor2 ?us %[+ t ! ,gold5
 ,rule is a spontane\s utt]ance ( !     
moral feel+s ( ! human m9d4   ,,love ,,&
 ,,k9d ,,treatm5t ,,( ,,enemies4  ,love 
to enemies is consid]$ to be ano!r      
praisewor?y precept1 :i* ,*ri/ has      
errone\sly ! cr$it ( be+ ! au?or (4 ,we 
h he>d ! decl>ation made 9 ! ,*ri/ian   
pulpit1 t ,jesus ,*ri/ 0 ! fir/ moral   

tea*] :o inculcat$ love to enemies2 a   
mo/ transc5d5t error1 z ! foll[+        
hi/orical citations w %[4 ,mo/ ( !      
religi\s books & religi\s tea*]s ( !    
anci5t ori5tal hea!n brea! =? a _s (    
love & k9dness t[>d enemies4  ,! foll[+ 
is f ! old ,p]sian bible1 ! ,sadd]3--   
#a4       ,=give ?y foes1 nor t alone2  
,_! evil de$s ) good repay2      ,fill  
^? ) joy :o leave !e none1      ,& kiss 
! h& uprais$ to slay4  ,! ,*ri/ian bible
 w\ld be se>*$ 9 va9 to f9d a moral     
s5tim5t or precept sup]ior to ?is4      
,c]ta9ly x is ! l(tie/ s5tim5t ( k9dness
 t[>d enemies t ev] issu$ f human lips1 
or 0 ev] p5n$ by mortal man4 ,& yet x is
 f\nd 9 an old hea!n bible4 ,?9k ( kiss+
 ! h& uprais$ to slay4 ,nev] 0 love1 &  
k9dness1 & =be>ance t[>d enemies m      
sublimely express$ ?an 9 ! old ,p]sian  
ballad4  #b4 ,treat ?9e enemy z ?\gh a  
fri5d1 & he w become ?y fri5d1 0        
express$ by ,publius ,syrus1 a ,roman   
slave1 :i* is a wis] admonition ?an t ( 
,*ri/1 ,love ?9e enemy1 z x is a moral  

impossibility4  #c4 ,all nature cries   
al\d1 ',%all man d less ?an heal !      
smit]1 & ! rail] bless8' 7,hafiz1 a     
,mahom$an47  #d4 ,bridle ?9e ang]1 &    
=give ?9e enemy2 give unto him :o takes 
f !e4 7,koran1 ,mahom$an bible4 7  #e4  
,let no man be (f5d$ ) ^? :o are angry  
at him1 b reply g5tly to ^? :o curse    
him4 7,code ( ,m5u47  #f4 ,let him      
endure injuries1 & despise no "o4       
7,ibid47  #g4 ,commit no ho/ile action =
 y\r own pres]vation4 7,ibid47  #h4 ,to 
be rev5g$ on enemies1 become m virtu\s4 
7,diog5es47  #i4 ,to /rike a man1 or vex
 him ) words1 is a s94 7,z5d-,ave/a1    
,p]sian bible47  #aj4 ,ev5 ! int5tion to
 /rike is a s94 7,ibid47  #aa4 ,desire n
 ! dea? ( ?9e enemy4 7,confucius47  #ab4
 ,ackn[l$ge b5efits1 b nev] rev5ge      
injuries4 7,ibid47  #ac4 ,we may dislike
 an enemy )\t desir+ rev5ge4 7,ibid47   
#ad4 ,p>don ! (f5ses ( o!rs1 b nev] y\r 
own4 7,publius ,syrus47  #ae4 ,! noble  
_s cures inju/ice by =giv+ x4 7,ibid47  
#af4 ,x is mu* bett] to be injur$ ?an to

 kill a man4 7,py?agoras47  #ag4 ,y c   
accompli% by k9dness :at y _c by =ce4   
7,publius ,syrus47  #ah4 ,bett] ov]look 
an injury ?an av5ge x4 7,publius        
,syrus47  #ai4 ,x is en\gh to ?9k ill ( 
an enemy )\t av5g+ x4 7,publius ,syrus47
  #bj4 ,x is a k+ly _s to return good   
de$s = evil ones4 7,ibid47  #ba4        
,le>n = yon ori5t %ell to love ?y foe1  
,& /ore ) pe>ls ! h& t br+s !e woe2     
,flee1 l yon rock1 f base1 v9dictive    
pride1      ,emblaze ) gems ! wri/ t    
r5ds ?y side4       7,hafiz47  #bb4 ,to 
rev5ge y\rself on an enemy1 make him y\r
 fri5d4 7,py?agoras47  #bc4 ,x is n     
p]mitt$ to a man :o has receiv$ an      
injury to rev5ge x by do+ ano!r4        
7,socrates1 9 8 ,crito47  #bd4 ,seek him
 :o turns !e out1 & p>don him :o injures
 !e4 7,koran47  #be4 ,return n evil =   
evil4 7,socrates47  #bf4 ,endure all ?+s
 if y w\ld s]ve ,god4 7,sextus47  #bg4  
,desire to be able to b5efit y\r        
enemies4 7,ibid47  #bh4 ,receive an     
injury r ?an d "o4 7,publius ,syrus47   

#bi4 ,be at w> ) m5's vices1 b at peace 
) _! p]sons4 7,ibid47  #cj4 ,cultivate  
fri5d%ip = an enemy4 7,pittacus47  #ca4 
,be k9d to y\r fri5ds t !y may cont9ue  
s1 & to y\r enemies t !y may become s4  
7,ibid47  #cb4 ,prev5t injuries if      
possible2 if n1 d n rev5ge !m4 7,ibid47 
#cc4 ,an enemy %\ld n be hat$1 b cur$4  
7,s5eca47  #cd4 ,to act unk9dly t[>d an 
enemy w increase 8 hate4 7,antonius47   
#ce4 ,be to ev]ybody k9d & fri5dly4     
7,ibid47  #cf4 ,speak evil ( no "o1 n   
ev5 y\r enemies4 7,pittacus47  ,?us x w 
be obs]v$ t love & k9dness t[>d all     
mank9d1 bo? fri5ds & enemies1 is n      
conf9$ to ! tea*+s ( ,*ri/ or to !      
,*ri/ian religion1 z _m h errone\sly    
suppos$1 b is unque/ionably a natural   
s5tim5t ( ! moral in/9ct or moral       
impulses ( ! human m9d1 & h5ce is no    
pro( t _! tea*] is ei!r a ,god or       
div9ely inspir$4  ,& we h 9 our         
possession ne>ly eight hundr$ m precepts
 7see vol4 ii47 f ! p5s or m\?s ( !     
anci5t hea!n1 enjo9+ j & k9d treatm5t ( 

wom51 & sett+ =? ne>ly all ! duties (   
life1 & tea*+ ! immortality ( ! s\l1 c4 
,& ^! precepts brea! ! same l(ty moral  
s5tim5t & moral feel+ z ^? quot$ above4 
,h[ ignorant & h[ conceit$ mu/ be !     
,*ri/ian pr(essor :o supposes all       
goodness is conf9$ to ,*ri/ianity1 or t 
x ev5 possesses any great sup]iority ov]
 o!r religi\s sy/ems6 ,& h[ completely !
 ?ree =ego+ p>ts ( ?is *apt]1 ,miracles1
 ,prophecies1 & ,precepts1 pro/rate !   
div9e claims ( ,*ri/ianity1 & leave n an
 in* ( gr\nd = !m to re/ ^u6     ,,*apt]
 ,,xxxv4 ,,logical ,,or ,,common ,,s5se 
,,view ,,( ,,! ,,doctr9e ,,( ,,div9e    
,,inc>nation  ,,! inc>nation ( an       
inf9ite ,god is a %ock+ absurdity1 & an 
inf9ite impossibility4 ,we ask 9 all    
solemn e>ne/ness1 & 9 ! "n ( ! intuitive
 monitions ( an un%ackl$ reason & an    
unbias$ consci5ce1 c any man 9 8 sob]   
s5ses1 :o has be5 9 ! habit ( reflect+  
be=e he believes1 ent]ta9 = a mom5t !   
mon/r\s absurdity t ! ,almighty &       
,inf9ite ,mak] ( ! univ]se 0 once r$uc$ 

to a little wail+ infant1 ly+ 9 s5seless
 & helpless weakness on ! lap ( its "m1 
unable to walk a /ep1 or lisp a ^w1 or d
 aught b cry ) pa9 or = n\ri%m5t /or$ 9 
! "m's brea/8 ,:at6 ,almighty ,god fall5
 f 8 burni%$1 dazzl+ ?rone 9 ! l(ty     
heav5s1 & r$uc$ to helpless1 s5seless   
babyhood6 ,omnipot5ce %orn ( all p[] b  
to brea!1 & cry1 & smile6 ,:at6 t       
,omnisci5t ,be+1 :o leads "o _w by day1 
& t5 ?\s& m by night1 becom+ sudd5ly    
trans=m$ into a human bantl+1 :i* kn[s  
no high] enjoym5t t t ( be+ pleas$ ) a  
rattle1 & tickl$ ) a /raw6 ,:o c believe
 x8 ,ay1 :o d>e believe x1 if he w\ld   
escape ! *>ge ( blasphemy8 ,!n say n t !
 man ,*ri/ ,jesus1 ?\gh /&+ at ! top ( !
 ladd] ( moral manhood1 & high above !  
common plane ( humanity1 0 yet a ,god--!
 ,inf9ite ,rul] ( ! inf9ite univ]se4 ,:o
 c believe t t ,be+1 ^: exi/5ce /ret*es 
to an et]nity beyond human conception1  
yea1 :om ! heav5 ( heav5s _c conta91 0  
ev] coop$ up 9 a human body1 r$uc$ s ne>
 to no?+ 9 dim5sions z to be susceptible

 7z 0 ,jesus7 ( be+ weigh$ 9 scales1 &  
measur$ ) a y>d/ick8  ,we ask aga91 ,:o1
 f ! deepe/ dep?s ( 8 inmo/1 enlight5$  
consci\sness1 c believe su* revolt+1 su*
 a!i/ical doctr9e z ?is8 ,or :o w v5ture
 to desc5d /ill l[]1 & conceive ( an    
,almighty1 ,omnipres5t ,be+1 :o fills   
all space above1 ar\nd1 & b5ea?1 f      
inf9ity bel[ to yon fix$ /> above1 &    
millions ^u millions ( miles beyond x1  
s9k+ & dw9dl+ to t m]e mite1 speck1 or  
monad /ate & condition compreh5d$ 9 !   
initiatory /ep ( embryonic exi/5ce8 ,&  
!n ?9k ( ! ,almighty1 ,omnipot5t        
,creator ( ! univ]se ly+ 9 a mang] )    
f\r-foot$ bea/s & creep+ ?+s1 sleep+ )  
ox5 & asses 9 a /able4 ,next he is se5  
an ur*9 on ! /reet play+ ) m>bles &     
jack-knives1 absorb$ & =getful ( ! _w   
ar\nd him4 ,:o c believe t awfully      
maje/ic ,be+1 :o is repres5t$ by 8 own  
inspir$ book z be+ s transc5d5tly gr& & 
awe-inspir+ t no man san see him & live 
7,ex4 xxxiii4 #bj71 0 n only daily se5  
by hundr$s & ?\s&s1 b 0 on su* famili>  

t]ms ) m51 t !y reg>d$ him z _!         
companion1 & equal1 & ev5 sometimes     
coolly reprim&$ him = suppos$           
misdemeanors & errors8 ,c\ld !y believe 
?is to be ,almighty ,god8 ,impossible6  
,impossible6 ,& !n :o c believe t t     
inf9ite ,be+1 :om we h be5 taught to    
reg>d z absolutely & et]nally           
un*angeable1 c\ld become subject to     
hung] & ?ir/ 7z did ,jesus78 ,or :o c   
believe t ! et]nally & unceas+ly wat*ful
 ,omnipot5t ,deity1 ^: eye1 we are told1
 nev] slumb]s1 c\ld s9k into unconsci\s 
sleep1 become to dumb =getfulness a     
prey1 night aft] night1 = ?irty ye>s1   
oblivi\s1 & unconsci\s ( ! _w ar\nd him8
 ,?9k ( a be+ ( incompreh5sible maje/y1 
dignity1 & p[]1 able to %ake ! heav5s & 
! e>? also1 be+ unable to protect       
himself f insult1 & 0 !re=e d]id$ & spit
 ^u1 & f9ally ov]come by 8 enemies1 z is
 relat$ ( ,jesus4 ,c any man believe1 :o
 has n made %ipwreck ( 8 s5ses1 or      
bani%$ ,reason f h] c\rts1 t ,god       
',almighty1 :o compreh5ds 9 himself !   

mo/ absolute & b\ndless p]fection (     
goodness & wisdom1 0 tempt$ by demons1  
devils1 & crawl+ s]p5ts8 ,:o c believe t
 ! ,"l1 :o owns ! cattle ^u a ?\s& hills
 7,psalm #a4 io71 & ! c\ntless ho/ (    
worlds besides1 t :eel _! c\rse ?r\gh   
inf9ite space1 _h n :]e to lay 8 head8  
,:o c believe t t 0 ! all-wise1         
omnipot5t1 & omnipres5t ,god1 possess+  
all p[] 9 heav5 above & ! e>? b5ea?1 :o 
0 betray$ by weak1 f9ite mortals8 ,:at6 
! ,almighty ,creator betray$ by a puny  
be+ ( 8 own creation into ! h&s ( 8     
disob$i5t & rebelli\s *ildr58 ,:y c\ld  
he n1 if possess+ p[] to lay d[n 8 life1
 & take x up aga9 7,john x4 #ag71 cause 
t all ^! *ildr5 ( 8 7z we mu/ assume !y 
71 if he 0 ,almighty ,god1 & h5ce !     
,fa!r ( all7 %\ld love him1 in/ead (    
hat+ him8 ,c any man believe t ,jesus 0 
possess$ ) omnipot5t p[] :ile /&+ to be 
:ipp$ 7sc\rg$7 by ,pontius ,pilate1 or t
 he possess$ a p[] above t ( f9ite      
mortals :ile 9 ! act ( pray+1 ) su*     
extreme ardor t ! sweat dropp$ f 8 face1

 t ! cup ( dea? might pass f 8 lips1 or 
:ile call+ = an angel to support him 9 !
 h\r ( 8 mortal dissolution8 or t ,he1  
by :om all ?+s exi/1 c\ld cease himself 
to exi/1 by dy+ ^u ! cross betwe5       
malefactors8 ,?9k ( ?is1 read]6 & ?9k ( 
! et]nal ,creator1 ! inf9ite ,deity1 !  
omnipot5t ,jehovah1 ! ,mak] ( worlds z  
numb]less z ! s&s ^u ! sea-%ore =       
multitude1 fa9t+1 ble$+1 dy+1 & p\r+ out
 8 own blood to appease 8 own wra?2 dy+ 
an ignom9i\s dea? to satisfy an         
implacable rev5ge6 ,away ) su* insult+  
mock]y1 su* blasphem\s flumm]y6 ,x c    
only f9d place 9 ! d>k *amb]s ( an      
un5light5$ m9d4  ,well has ,watts said (
 ,locke's skepticism1--       ,reason   
c\ld sc>cely su/a9 to see1      ,or be> 
! infant ,deity3      ,a ransom$ _w1 a  
ble$+ ,god1      ,& heav5 appeas$ by    
fl[+ blood1      ,7 !mes too pa9ful to  
be und]/ood4  ,yes1 & too pa9ful to be  
believ$1 too1 ,mr4 ,watts6 ,"h we h a   
ble$+ ,god1 an infant ,deity1 & a       
v5geful ,god1 appeas$ by murd] & /reams 

( fl[+ blood4 ,graci\s heav5s6 ,^:      
reason does n revolt at su* a picture8  
,^: s\l does n sick5 at ! ?\ght1 & :o   
w\ld n pref]1 inf9itely pref]1 to s9k to
 annihilation1 if n to p]dition itself1 
to be+ ?us sav$ by navigat+ a riv] (    
blood88 ,dr4 ,s\? hits (f "s ( !        
absurdities involv$ 9 ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e
 ( ! inc>nation s =cibly & s lucidly1 t 
we _c resi/ ! temptation to subjo9---"h 
a few extracts f 8 s]mon on ! subject'  
,b n[1 says ?is ,*ri/ian cl]gyman1 0 !re
 ev] any wond] comp>able to ?is1 to     
behold ! ,"l 7,jesus ,*ri/7 ?us clo!d 9 
fle%1 ! ,creator ( all ?+s1 humbl$1 n   
only to ! company1 b also to !          
cognation1 ( 8 creatures8 ,x is z if "o 
%\ld imag9e ! :ole _w n only repres5t$  
^u1 b also conta9$ 91 "o ( our own      
artificial globes1 or ! body ( ! sun    
envelop$ 9 a cl\d z big z a man's h&1   
all ( :i* w\ld be look$ ^u z a/oni%+    
impossibilities1 & yet is z %ort ( ! o!r
 z ! f9ite is ( ! inf9ite1 betwe5 :i* ! 
disp>ity is immeasurable4 ,x is1 z x 71 

to cancel ! ess5tial di/ances ( ?+s1 to 
remove ! b\nds ( nature1 to br+ heav5 & 
e>?1 & :at is m1 bo? ends ( !           
contradiction1 toge!r4 ,m5 _c p]suade   
!mselves t a ,deity & inf9ity %\ld lie  
)9 s n>r[ a compass z ! dim5sions ( a   
human body2 t omnipot5ce1 omnipres5ce   
%\ld ev] be wrapp$ 9 swaddl+ clo!s1 &   
debas$ to ! homely usages ( a /able & a 
mang]2 t ! glori\s ,artific] ( ! :ole   
univ]se1 :o spread out ! heav5 l a      
curta91 & laid ! f\ndations ( ! e>?1    
c\ld ev] turn c>p5t]1 & ex]cise an      
+lori\s trade 9 a little cell4 ,!y _c   
imag9e t ,he :o once creat$ & at pres5t 
gov]ns ! _w1 & %all h]eaft] judge ! _w1 
%\ld be abas$ 9 all 8 conc]ns &         
relations1 be sc\rg$1 spit ^u1 mock$ &  
at la/ crucifi$4 ,all :i* are passages  
:i* lie extremely close to ! notions (  
conceptions :i* reason has made to      
itself ( t high & impossible p]fection t
 resid$ 9 ! div9e ,creator4 7,s]mon1    
#affe47 ,dr4 ,s\?1 x w be obs]v$1 admits
 t ! doctr9e ( ! div9e inc>nation       

involves _m palpable absurdities &      
contradictions1 & lies directly across !
 pa? ( reason4 ,fatal admission to !    
doctr9e ( ! deity%ip ( ,*ri/1 b true1 z 
8 own elucidation ( ! subject           
demon/rates4 ,to ! au?or1 s9ce he fir/  
subject$ ! "q to a logical scrut9y1 &   
look$ at x ) an unbias$ m9d1 x pres5ts  
difficulties insurm\ntable1 &           
absurdities innum]able4 ,he c imag9e    
no?+ m transc5d5tly %ock+1 revolt+1 &   
dw>f+ to ! m9d1 bo? morally &           
intellectually1 ?an ! ?\ght ( believ+ t 
a be+ born ( & suckl$ by a woman1 &     
possess+ ! m]e =m & dim5sions ( a man1 c
 be reg>d$ z ! great ,almighty &        
,omnipot5t ,god1 ! ,creator ( unnumb]$  
worlds1 millions ( :i* are l>g] ?an ?is 
planet1 on :i* ,jesus 0 born4  ,& !n1   
read]1 look = a mom5t at "s ( ! _m      
*ildi% incongruities & logical          
difficulties ?is giant absurdity drags )
 x4 ,x repres5ts ,almighty ,god z com+  
into ! _w ?r\gh ! h&s ( a midwife1 z    
pass+ ?r\gh ! process ( ge/ation &      

p>turition4 ,x insults our reason ) !   
idea t ! great1 inf9ite ,jehovah c\ld be
 mold$ into ! human =m--a ?\ght t is    
%ock+ to ! moral s5se1 & )]+1 cramp+1 & 
dw>f+ to ! intellectual m9d1 impos+ ^u x
 a heavy drag-*a9 :i* *ecks its         
expansion1 & =bids its onw>d progress4  
,*ri/ians tell u t ! human & ! div9e 7  
unit$ 9 ! man ,*ri/ ,jesus4 ,b ?is is a 
mon/r\s absurdity1 :i* no truly rational
 & unbias$ m9d c accept = an in/ant--t (
 hit*+1 splic+1 ty+1 or dovetail+ toge!r
 f9ite man ) ! inf9ite ,jehovah1 t (    
amalgamat+ & comm+l+ human foibles )    
div9e p]fection4 ,?9k ( w$d+ mortal     
weakness to omnipot5t p[]1 local man ) !
 omnipres5t ,deity6 ,?9k ( comp\nd+ !   
creature & ! ,creator 9 "o & ! same be+6
 ,?9k ( ! omnipres5t ,i ,,am1 ^:        
illimitable exi/5ce /ret*es f> away     
?r\gh\t ! expansive ar5a ( a b\ndless   
univ]se1 occupy+ a dwell+ )9 ! n>r[     
conf9es ( ! human temple6 ,z well essay 
to cr[d ! univ]se into y\r pocket1 or ! 
,himalayas ,m\nta9s into a ?imble4 ,on !

 o!r h&1 ?9k ( a small comp\nd ( fle%1  
blood1 & bones1 a few feet 9 dim5sions1 
& weigh+ p]haps n m ?an "o hundr$ &     
fifty p\nds avoirdupois1 conta9+ t      
inf9ite1 omnipres5t ,be+1 :om1 we are   
told 7we repeat ! quotation71 ! heav5 ( 
heav5s _c conta96 ,& m ?an all1 k9d     
read]1 ,i ask y if y c accept = a mom5t1
 )\t ! immolation ( y\r common s5se1 & !
 trampl+ ( y\r reason b5ea? y feet1 !   
mon/r\s ?\ght t t mighty & almighty     
,ar*itect :o :o creat$ ! c\ntless       
myriads ^u myriads ( pond]\s worlds1 :i*
 n[ roll 9 maje/ic ord]1 & et]nal       
rotation along ! great c]ulean causeway 
( heav51 t mighty ,ar*itect :o1 f "t    
beyond human computation1 has be5 roll+ 
out orb aft] orb1 _w aft] _w1 if n      
myriads at a "t1 t5 ?\s& times1 t5 ?\s& 
( :i* w\ld dw9dle our little pygmy1     
,lilliputian planet into insignificance1
 if comp>$ ) x 9 size4  ,i ask1 & drive 
home ! qu]y to y\r inw>d consci\sness1 &
 ! inmo/ temples ( y\r sacr$ reason3  ,c
 y believe1 aft] a mom5t's reflection1 t

 a ,be+ :o is too va/1 inf9itely too va/
 9 p[] & ubiquity to be grasp$ by !     
human und]/&+1 did become 7z did ! f9ite
 & humble ,jesus7 a helpless1 s5seless1 
unconsci\s1 human infant2 a suckl+1     
cry+1 squall+ babe1 p[]less ( spee*1 &  
unable to walk8 ,ay1 worse1 m />tl+     
/ill1 we are %ock$ ) ! ?\ght t ?is      
mighty ,_w-build]1 ?is inf9ite1         
omnipot5t ,creator1 0 r$uc$ s ne> to !  
v]ge ( non5ity1 s ne> to ! la/ glimm]+  
sp>k or speck ( exi/5ce1 & ! _w s ne>   
)\t a ,god1 z to become an inanimate    
foetus--a monad 9 ! matrix ( a human    
virg98 ,%ock+ ! ?\ght6 ,blasphem\s !    
doctr9e6 ,believe x :o w2 believe x :o  
c6 ,we _c2 we w\ld n2 we are inf9itely  
beyond x4 ,su* a belief may be deposit$ 
by educational tradition 9 ! affections1
 b to ent] ! temple ( ,reason1 x nev]   
did1 x nev] c4 ,%e nev] unb>r$ h] doors 
to admit su* mon/r\s1 su* enorm\s       
incongruities4 & all ^! logical         
absurdities1 & a ?\s& m1 gr[            
legitimately out ( ! doctr9e ( ! div9e  

inc>nation1--out ( ! po/ulate :i* w\ld  
7foll[+ 9 ! l9e ( ! pagan sup]/itutions7
 elevate ! f9ite1 humble1 mortal ,jesus 
to ! ?rone ( heav51 ! exclusive         
pr]ogative ( ,almighty ,god4 ,come away1
 my ,*ri/ian fri5ds1 f su* disp>ag+1 su*
 di%onorable views ( ! ,deity1 su*      
blasphem\s c>icatures ( ,almighty ,god4 
,come away f su* morally d>k5+ & su*    
intellectually dw>f+ sup]/itutions1 !   
mold]+ relics ( ori5tal my?ology1 !     
expir+ emb]s ( *ildi% cr$ulity &        
tradition1 :i* orig9at$ f> back 9 ! d>k 
cradle ( human exi/5ce1 9 ! infancy ( an
 undevelop$ age1 rul$ by ignorance1     
sup]/ition1 & prie/craft4 ,yet millions 
( p lay+ claim to s5se & intellig5ce1   
ev5 n[ pr(ess to believe x4 ,talk n to  
me ( infidelity or blasphemy = d5y+ !   
div9ity or ,godhead ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,!  
blasphemy lies 9 ! o!r direction4 ,!    
infidelity is ) ! opposite p>ty4 ,x is )
 ^? :o ?us make ! dignity & "* ( ,deity 
! sport ( *ildi% ,i baubles1 ! game (   
prie/ly tawdryism4 ,& be assur$1 de>    

fri5ds1 "o & all1 t com+ g5]ations w m>k
 ! man :o n[ wor%ips ! man ,*ri/ ,jesus 
z be+ v ,god z an idolat]1 if n a       
blasphem]--= wor%ipp+ a f9ite man = an  
inf9ite ,god1 ev5 ?\gh ! motives = su*  
wor%ip may be z pure z ! pe>ly /ream t  
issues =? f ! gold5 f\nt :i* rolls &    
sp>kles b5ea? ! ?rone ( ,almighty ,god4 
,note4 ,! words ,creator1 ,mak]1 c41 are
 us$ f a      ,*ri/ian /&po9t ,sci5ce   
kn[s no ,creator4     ,,*apt] ,,xxxvi4  
,,philosophical ,,absurdities ,,( ,,!   
,,doctr9e ,,( ,,! ,,div9e ,,inc>nation  
,,!re is a philosophical pr9ciple       
und]ly+ ! doctr9e ( ! ,div9e            
,inc>nation1 ^: logical d$uctions       
completely ov]?r[ ! claim ( ,jesus (    
,naz>e? to ! ,godhead1 & :i* we reg>d z 
settl+ ! "q z conclusively z any        
demon/rat$ problem 9 ma!matics4 ,?is    
argum5t is pr$icat$ ^u ! philosophical  
axiom1 t two inf9ite be+s ( any         
description ( conception1 _c exi/1 ei!r 
9 :ole or 9 "p1 at ! same "t2 & p]      
consequ5ce1 x is impossible t ! ,fa!r & 

,son %\ld bo? be ,god 9 a div9e s5se1   
ei!r conjo9tly or sep>ately4 ,! ^w      
inf9ite compreh5ds all2 x cov]s ! :ole  
gr\nd2 x fills ! imm5sity ( ! univ]se1 &
 fills x to repletion6 s t !re is no    
room left = any o!r be+ to exi/4 ,&     
:oev] & :atev] does exi/ mu/ con/itute a
 "p ( ?is inf9ite :ole4  ,n[1 ! ,*ri/ian
 _w conc$es 7 = x is ! tea*+ ( _!       
,scriptures71 t ! ,fa!r is ,god1 always 
& truly1 p]fect1 complete1 & absolute2 t
 !re is no?+ want+ 9 him to con/itute   
him ,god 9 ! mo/ compreh5sive & absolute
 s5se ( ! t]m2 t he is all we c conceive
 ( z con/itut+ ,god1 ! "o only true ,god
 7,john xvii4 #c71 & 0 su* f all        
et]nity1 be=e ,jesus ,*ri/ 0 born into !
 _w2 & ,paul puts ! key/one into ! ar*  
by proclaim+1 ,to u !re is b "o ,god1 ! 
,fa!r4 7 #a ,cor4 viii4 #f47 ,h5ce we h 
"h a logical proposition 7despite !     
sophi/ry ( ,*ri/5dom7 z impregnable z ! 
rocks ( ,gibralt>1 t ! ,fa!r alone is or
 c be ,god1 :i* effectually %uts out e  
o!r & all o!r be+s 9 ! univ]se f any    

p>ticipation 9 ! ,godhead ) ! ,fa!r4 ,& 
?us ?is p>ity ( reason+ demon/rates t ! 
v mom5t y attempt to make ,*ri/ ,god1 or
 any "p ( ! ,godhead1 y attempt a       
philosophical impossibility4 ,y _c      
introduce ano!r be+ z ,god 9 ! inf9ite  
s5se until ! fir/-nam$ inf9ite ,god is  
de?ron$ & put out ( exi/5ce1 & ?is1 (   
c\rse1 is a self-evid5t impossibility4  
,x x 7 n su*1 !n we %\ld h two ,gods1   
bo? absolute & inf9ite4 ,on ! o!r h&1 if
 t o!r be+ 7:o ) ! ,*ri/ians is ,jesus  
,*ri/1 ) ! ,h9doos ,*ri%na1 ) ! ,budhi/s
 ,sakia1 c4 7 is introduc$ z only a "p (
 ! inf9ite & p]fect ,god1 !n x is evid5t
 to e m9d ) ! lea/ philosophical        
p]ception1 t "s *ange or alt]ation mu/  
take place 9 ! latt] be=e su* a union c 
be effect$4 ,b su* a *ange1 or any      
alt]ation1 9 a p]fect inf9ite be+ w\ld  
at once r$uce him to a *angeable & f9ite
 be+1 & ?us he w\ld cease to be ,god4 ,=
 x is a cle> philosophical & ma!matical 
axiom1 t a p]fect & inf9ite be+ _c      
become m ?an inf9ite4 ,& if he c\ld &   

%\ld become less ?an inf9ite1 he w\ld at
 once become f9ite1 & ?us lose all !    
attributes ( ! ,godhead4 ,to say or     
assume1 !n1 t ,*ri/ 0 ,god 9 ! absolute 
or div9e s5se1 & ! ,fa!r also ,god      
absolute1 & yet t !re is b "o ,god1 or t
 ! two c\ld 9 any mann] be unit$1 s z to
 con/itute b "o ,god1 is n only a gl>+  
solecism1 b a positive contradiction 9  
t]ms1 & an utt] violation ( ! fir/      
axiomatic pr9ciples ( philosophy &      
ma!matics4 ,x also ass]ts ! illogical   
hypo!sis1 t a "p c be equal to ! :ole2 x
 fir/ assumes ! ,fa!r to be absolutely  
,god1 !n assumes ! ,son also to be      
absolutely ,god1 & f9ally assumes ea* to
 be only a "p1 & has to unite !m to make
 :ole & culm9ates ! !ological f>ce4 ,su*
 is ,*ri/ian ratioc9ation4  ,aga91 x is 
conc$$ by ,*ri/ians1 t ! ,fa!r is an    
omnipres5t be+2 & we h %[n t x is a     
ma!matical impossibility = two          
omnipres5t be+s1 or two be+s possess+   
any inf9ite attributes1 to exi/ at "o & 
! same "t4 ,h5ce ! cle> logical         

d$ucsequ5ce1 n ,god4 ,aga91 we h ano!r  
philosophical maxim or axiom famili> to 
e s*oolboy1 t no two sub/ances or be+s c
 occupy ! same place at ! same "t2 !    
fir/ mu/ be remov$ be=e ! second c by   
any possibility be introduc$1 9 ord] ?us
 to make room = ! latt]4 ,b z omnipres5t
 means exi/+ ev]y:]e1 !re c be no place 
to remove on omnipres5t be+ to1 or r !re
 c be no place or space he c be )drawn f
 9 ord] to make room = ano!r be+1 )\t 8 
ceas+ to be omnipres5t himself1 & !reby 
ceas+ to be ,god4  ,x is ?us %[n to be a
 demon/rable tru? t ! omnipres5ce ( !   
,fa!r does & mu/ exclude t ( ! ,son1 &  
?us exclude ! possibility ( 8 apa!osis  
or inc>nat$ deity%ip4 ,9 o!r words1 x is
 e/abli%$ z a sci5tific pr9ciple ^u a   
philosophical & ma!matical basis1 t     
,jesus ,*ri/ 0 n & c\ld n be ! great ,i 
,,am1 ! only true ,god4  ,we w notice "o
 o!r philosophical absurdity involv$ 9 !
 doctr9e ( ! div9e inc>nation--"o o!r   
solecism compreh5d$ 9 ! *ildi% notion   
:i* inve/s ! inf9ite ,god ) f9ite       

attributes4 ,x is a well-e/abli%$ &     
well-und]/ood axiom 9 philosocomplete   
,god2 & !reby t ! ,son c\ld n be        
omnipres5t1 & t ! less _c be made to    
conta9 ! great]4 ,a p9t bottle _c be    
made to conta9 a qu>t ( w9e4 ,= ! same  
reason a f9ite body _c conta9 an inf9ite
 _s4 ,h5ce philosophy presses !         
conclusion t ! man ,*ri/ ,jesus c\ld n h
 compreh5d$ 9 himself ! ,godhead bodily1
 inasmu* z x w\ld h requir$ ! inf9ite   
,god to be incorporat$ 9 a f9ite human  
body4 ,we are !re=e compell$ to reject !
 doctr9e ( ! inc>nate div9ity1 ! belief 
9 ! deity%ip ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 because 7) 
_m o!r reasons enum]at$ else:]e7 x      
involves a direct tilt aga9/ "s ( !     
pla9e/ pr9ciples ( sci5ce1 & *all5ges1  
ay1 virtually ov]?r[s1 "s ( ! fundam5tal
 laws ( bo? natural & moral philosophy4 
,no philosoph]1 !re=e1 does1 or c       
believe 9 ! absolute div9ity ( ,jesus   
,*ri/4     ,,*apt] ,,xxxvii4            
,,physiological ,,absurdities ,,( ,,!   
,,doctr9e ,,( ,,! ,,div9e ,,inc>nation  

,,!re is also a physiological pr9ciple  
7discov]$ by ! au?or7 compris$ 9 !      
doctr9e ( ! ,div9e ,inc>nation fatal 9  
its practical & logical application to !
 div9ity ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 & all ! o!r    
inc>nate or fle%-inve/$ ,gods (         
antiquity4 ,x is evid5tly fraught ) mu* 
logical =ce4 ,x is bas$ ^u ! law ( m5tal
 & physical correspond5ce4 ,z is !      
physical con=mation1 s is ! m5tality1 is
 a law ( analogy :i* pilots u to ne>ly  
all our practical k ( ! natural _w4 ,a k
 ( ei!r s]ves z an index to ! o!r4  ,:5 
we obs]ve an animal possess+ t physical 
=m & con/ruction peculi> to its species1
 we expect to f9d x practically exhibit+
 ! nature1 "*1 disposition1 & habits    
peculi> to t class ( animals4 ,if x     
possesses1 = example1 ! con=mation ( a  
%eep1 we inf] at once t x has !         
disposition ( a %eep1 & we are nev]     
disappo9t$ 9 ?is conclusion4 ,& :5 we   
enc\nt] an animal ) ! tig] =m1 we expect
 to see exhibit$ ! tig] _s4 ,if x       
possesses ! well-kn[n physical          

con=mation ( ! tig]1 we are nev] deceiv$
 or misl$ :5 we assign x a pr$atory     
disposition4 ,if x is a tig] =m1 x is   
sure to be a tig] 9 "* & habits4 ,& s ( 
all ! g5]a & species ( animals t range  
^u ! face ( ! globe4 ,we may travel     
?r\gh ! :ole field ( animat$ nature1 &  
obs]ve ! infallible op]ation ( ?is      
beautiful law ( correspond5ce till we   
come1 h[ev]1 to ! cr[n+ "w ( ,god1 call$
 ,man4 ,"h we f9d ?is law1 ?is beautiful
 *a9 ( analogy1 brok5 by ! doctr9e ( !  
div9e inc>nation4 ,god becomes a man1 at
 lea/ is made to exhibit e ext]nal      
appe>ance ( a man4 ,all ext]nal         
di/9ction betwe5 ,god & man is ?us      
oblit]at$4 ,s t ! v fir/ be+ we meet 9 !
 /reet or on ! highway possess+ ! =m1   
size1 & physical con=mation ( a man1 &  
pres5t+ e o!r ext]nal appe>ance ( be+ a 
man1 may nev]!less be a ,god4 ,& no less
 is ?is objection practically           
exemplifi$1 & n less is ! infraction (  
?is beautiful law ( analogy obs]vable 9 
! case ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 ?an 9 ! num]\s   

o!r inc>nate ,gods & demigods (         
antiquity4 ,be+ 9 appe>ance a man1 h[ 0 
he to be1 or h[ c\ld he be1 visually    
di/+ui%$ f a man8 ,or h[ c\ld ^? m5 :o 7
 cotempor>y ) him1 "k1 z !y approa*$    
him1 or z !y approa*$ ea* o!r1 :e!r !y 7
 meet+ a man or a ,god8 ,see+ t he 0    
f\nd 9 fa%ion z a man 7,phil4 ii4 #h71  
ei!r he might be mi/ak5 = a man1 or !y =
 a ,god4 ,!y 7 con/antly liable to be   
conf\nd$4 ,if1 !n1 ! inf9ite deity%ip 0 
lodg$ 9 ! p]son ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 x is    
evid5t t t important fundam5tal law (   
nature--z is ! =m1 s is ! "*--0 utt]ly  
annull$1 pro/rat$1 annihilat$1 & bani%$ 
f ! _w by ! act4 ,s t all 01 & is h5ce=?
 & =ev]1 *aos1 confusion1 & unc]ta9ty4  
,= if ! pr9ciple c be violat$ 9 "o      
in/ance1 x may be 9 ano!r1 & 9 ?\s&s (  
cases1 ad inf9itum4 ,if "o case c\ld be 
all[$ to occur1 ! pr9ciple is e/abli%$1 
& nature's univ]sal *a9 ( analogy is    
brok5 & de/roy$2 = to int]cept ! law is 
to break ! t5? & t5 ?\s&? l9k alike4    
,h5ce x is evid5t t if a be+ resembl+ a 

man may be a ,god1 an animal resembl+ a 
c[ may be a horse1 & yond] /ick a       
poison\s add]2 & fatal may be !         
consequ5ces1 9 ?\s&s ( in/ances1 9 judg+
 or inf]r+ ! nature & "* ( an animal by 
its =m & size4 ,a suppos$ innoc5t animal
 might be a deadly enemy1 or vice v]sa4 
,c we !n believe1 or d>e we believe1 a  
doctr9e s a!i/ical 9 its t5d5cies z t ! 
,inf9ite ,diety 0 incorporat$ 9 ! p]son 
( ! meek & l[ly ,jesus1 :5 x w\ld ?us   
set at naught1 violate1 pro/rate1 &     
utt]ly cancel f ! _w "o ( ,god's own    
fundam5tal laws1 & "o ( ! ess5tial      
pr9ciples ( natural sci5ce1 & bani% =ev]
 ! co-ord9ate h>mony ( ! univ]se1 & ?us 
inaugurate a /ate ( univ]sal disord]1   
inc]titude1 an>*y1 & misrule into !     
o!rwise beautifully law-gov]n$1         
well-regulat$ doma9 ( nature8 ,c]ta9ly1 
mo/ c]ta9ly n6 ,if ! inc>nation ( !     
,deity1 %\ld or c\ld take place1 !re    
%\ld be some?+ /rik+ly peculi>1 ay1     
inf9itely peculi>1 9 8 figure1 size1 &  
g5]al appe>ance1 9 ord] to make him     

susceptible ( be+ di/+ui%$ f ! human4   
,o!rwise1 m5 w\ld be liable to be       
con/antly mi/ak+ & wor%ip+ ea* o!r = !  
,great ,almighty & ,ubiquit\s ,god1 &   
?us con/antly blund]+ into idolatry4 ,& 
we actually f9d sev]al cases report$ 9 !
 ,scriptures 7m>k ! fact well7 ( m51 ay1
 ! sa9ts !mselves1 be+ l$ into ?is      
error2 be+ l$ to commit ! high-h&$ s9 ( 
idolatry 9 consequ5ce ( _! previ\s      
acceptance ( ! belief 9 a man-,god--t   
is1 a ,god ( human size & type4 ,/4     
,john1 9 two in/ances1 0 9 ! act (      
wor%ipp+ a be+ possess+ ! human =m1 :om 
he mi/ook = ! omnipot5t & omnipres5t    
,god4 7,see ,rev4 xix4 #aj1 & xxii4 #d47
 ,hav+1 p]haps1 be5 taught t ! fullness 
( ! ,godhead dwelt bodily 9 ,*ri/       
,jesus1 he probably mi/ook ! be+ he met 
= ,him1 & h5ce (f]$ to wor%ip him4 ,if1 
!n1 ,*ri/'s own inspir$ disciples c\ld  
?us be betray$ into ! s9 ( idolatry by  
hav+ aboli%$ ! inf9ite di/9ction betwe5 
! div9e & ! human1 we surely f9d "h a v 
weighty argum5t aga9/ su* a level+ &    

equaliz+ doctr9e4 ,& c]ta9ly no?+ c\ld  
be bett] calculat$ to promote ! s9 (    
idolatry ?an ?us to oblit]ate ! broad1 !
 inf9itely gr& l9e ( dem>kation betwe5 !
 inf9ite ,god & 8 f9ite creature man4   
,inde$1 may we n "h f9d ! v orig9 & !   
cause ( ! n[ g5]al preval5ce ( idolatry 
9 pagan c\ntries8 ,is x n directly      
traceable to ! demolition ( ! broad1    
high1 & insurm\ntable wall ( di/9ction  
:i* ought =ev] to /& betwe5 a ,god (    
inf9ite attributes1 & a be+ cag$ up 9 ! 
human =m8 ,c]ta9ly1 mo/ c]ta9ly x is4   
,h5ce "h ,i w\ld ask1 ,h[ c ,*ri/ians1  
aft] subscrib+ to ! doctr9e1 t !        
fullness ( ! ,godhead dwelt bodily 9 !  
man ,*ri/ ,jesus 7z ,paul v             
appropriately calls him71 condemn ! p ( 
any age or nation = wor%ipp+ z ,god _!  
fell[-be+s--t is1 be+s ) ! human =m8    
,c]ta9ly ! man :o c\ld believe t !      
inf9ite ,god c\ld be compreh5d$ or      
incorporat$ 9 ! p]son ( ,jesus1 c\ld    
easily be br\ght to believe t ! ,gr&    
,lama ( ,?ibet is a prop] object ( div9e

 wor%ip4 ,he only lacks ! sub/itution ( 
names4 ,sub/itute ! ,gr& ,lama = t (    
,jesus ,*ri/1 & ! ?+ is done4 ,&        
idolatry ?us becomes an easily e/abli%$ 
in/itution1 & its abolition 9 any c\ntry
 an absolute moral impossibility4       
,,*apt] ,,xxxviii4 ,a ,,hi/orical ,,view
 ,,( ,,! ,,div9ity ,,( ,,jesus ,,*ri/4  
,a ,,mo/ fatal di/ru/ is ?r[n ^u !      
miracul\s portions ( ! hi/ory ( ,jesus  
,*ri/1 z f\nd 9 8 ,gospel n>ratives1 by 
! discov]y ( ! fact 7br\ght to light    
?r\gh rec5t ar*aeological rese>*es71 t !
 same m>vel\s feats1 ! same miracul\s   
incid5ts1 :i* 7 record$ 9 8 life1 7 long
 previ\sly +raft$ into ! sacr$          
biographies ( ,gods & demigods no less  
ador$ & wor%ipp$ z be+s possess+ div9e  
attributes4 ,we %all leave ! read] to   
acc\nt = ! long li/ ( a/oni%+           
co9cid5ces1 z we proce$ to recapitulate 
& abridge f previ\s *apt]s1 ! almo/     
innum]able p>allel incid5ts runn+ ?r\gh 
! leg5d>y hi/ory ( ! _m demigods &      
s9-aton+ saviors ( antiquity4 ,!        

hi/orical v\*]s are giv54 ,we %all fir/ 
direct att5tion to ! long /r+ (         
correspond+ ev5ts record$ 9 ! sacr$     
hi/ories ( anci5t ,h9doo ,gods1 z comp>$
 ) ^? ( ,jesus ,*ri/ at a mu* lat]      
p]iod4  ,z f> back z #abjj ,b4 ,c41     
sacr$ records 7 extant & traditions 7   
curr5t1 9 ! ,ea/1 :i* taught t ! hea!n  
,savior 7,*ri%na7 01 #a/1 ,immaculately 
conceiv$ & born ( a spotless virg91 :o  
_h nev] kn[n man4 #b;d1 ,t ! au?or (1 or
 ag5t 91 ! conception1 0 a _s or gho/ 7(
 c\rse a ,holy ,gho/74 #c;d1 ,t he 0    
?reat5$ 9 e>ly infancy ) dea? by ! rul+ 
tyrant1 ,cansa4 #d?1 ,t 8 p>5ts _h1     
consequ5tly1 to flee ) him to ,gokul =  
safety4 #e?1 ,t all ! "y male *ildr5 "u 
two ye>s ( age 7 sla9 by an ord] issu$  
by ,cansa1 simil> to t ( ,h]od 9 ,judea4
 #f?1 ,t angels & %eph]ds att5d$ 8 bir?4
 #g?1 ,t 8 bir? & adv5t occurr$ on !    
#be? ( ,decemb]4 #h?1 ,t x occurr$ 9    
accordance ) previ\s prophecy4 #i?1 ,t  
he 0 pres5t$ at bir? ) frank9c5se1      
myrrh1 c4 #aj?1 ,t he 0 salut$ &        

wor%ipp$ z ! ,savior ( m51 accord+ to ! 
report ( ! late ,*ri/ian ,mission>y     
,hueli?1 ,t he l$ a life ( humility &   
practical moral usefulness4 #ab?1 ,t he 
wr\ght v>i\s a/\nd+ miracles1 su* z     
heal+ ! sick1 re/or+ sight to ! bl9d1   
ca/+ out devils1 rais+ ! dead to life1  
c4 #ac?1 ,t he 0 f9ally put to dea? ^u !
 cross 7i4 e41 crucifi$7 betwe5 two     
?ieves4 #ad?4 ,aft] :i* he desc5d$ to   
hell1 rose f ! dead1 & asc5d$ back to   
heav5 9 ! sight ( all m51 z 8 biblical  
hi/ory decl>es4 ,= hundr$s ( o!r simil> 
p>allels1 includ+ 8 doctr9es & precepts1
 see ,*apt] ,,xxxii4  ,n[1 all ^! 7     
matt]s ( ! firme/ belief1 m ?an ?ree    
?\s& ye>s ago1 9 ! m9ds ( millions ( !  
mo/ dev\t wor%ipp]s t ev] b[$ ! knee 9  
humble pray] to ! ,fa!r ( ,m]cies4 ,!   
read] c draw 8 own d$uction4  ,& !n we h
 pres5t$ simil> brief li/s ( p>allels 9 
,*apt] ,,xxiii41 compris$ 9 a comp>ative
 view ( ! miracul\s lives ( ! ,judean & 
,egyptian ,saviors1 ,*ri/1 ,alcides1    
,osiris1 ,tulis1 c4 ,9 ?is analog\s     

exhibition1 x w be obs]v$ ! ,egyptian   
,gods are report$1 z remotely z #ijj ,b4
 ,c1 z p]=m+1 besides sev]al ( !        
miracul\s a*ievem5ts enum]at$ above1 o!r
 miracles equally indicative ( div9e    
p[]1 su* z conv]t+ wat] into w9e1 caus+ 
ra9 to desc5d f heav51 c4 ,& on !       
occasion ( ! crucifixion ( ,tulis we are
 told ! sun became d>k5$ & ! moon refus$
 to %9e4  ,we f9d1 also1 sev]al         
well-au!nticat$ in/ances ( rais+ ! dead 
to life1 9 works portray+ ! miracul\s   
a*ievem5ts ( ! ,egyptian ,gods1 !       
relation be+ giv5 9 su* specific detail 
9 "s cases t ! names ( ! reanimat$ dead 
are furni%$4 ,tynd>us & ,hypolitus 7    
in/ances ( ?is k9d1 bo? 7accord+ to     
,julius7 hav+ be5 rais$ f ! dead4       
,desc5d+ ! l9e ( hi/ory1 until we arrive
 at ! conf9es ( ,grecian !ology1 we f9d 
"h ! same tra9 ( m>vel\s ev5ts record$ 9
 ! hi/ories ( _! virg9-born ,gods1 z we 
h %[n 9 ,*apt] ,,xxxiii41 su* z _! heal+
 ! sick & ! cripples1 caus+ ! bl9d to   
see1 ! lame to walk1 ! dead to be       

resuscitat$ to life1 c4 ,& cases1 z we h
 %[n1 are report$ ( _! read+ ! ?\ghts ( 
_! disciples1 z ,jesus did ^? ( ! woman 
( ,sam>ia4 ,apollonius decl>es he knew  
_m ,h9doo sa9ts to p]=m ?is a*ievem5t ) 
entire /rang]s4  ,likewise ,apollonius (
 ,tyana & ,simon ,magus1 bo? cotempor>y 
) ,jesus ,*ri/1 we h arrang$ 9 ! hi/oric
 p>allel 7see ,*apt] ,,xxxiii471 ) _!   
long tra9 ( miracles1 con/itut+ an exact
 c\nt]p>t ) ^? relat$ 9 ! ,gospel hi/ory
 ( ,*ri/1 & includ+ 9 ,apollonius's     
case1 besides ^? specifi$ 9 ! hi/ories (
 ! ,gods above nam$1 ! miracle (        
transfiguration1 ! resurrection f !     
dead1 8 visible asc5t to heav51 c41 :ile
 ,simon ,magus 0 v exp]t 9 ca/+ out     
devils1 rais+ ! dead1 allay+ /orms1     
walk+ on ! sea1 c4  ,b )\t recapitulat+ 
fur!r1 we w recite "s new hi/oric facts 
n embrac$ 9 any ( ! prec$+ *apt]s ( ?is 
"w1 & t5d+ to demon/rate /ill fur!r !   
univ]sal analogy ( all religions1 pa/ & 
pres5t1 9 _! claims = a miracul\s p[] = 
_! ,gods & inc>nate ,saviors4 ,! ,new   

,york ,correspond5t1 publi%$ 9 #ahbh1   
furni%es u ! foll[+ brief hi/ory ( an   
anci5t ,*9ese ,god1 kn[n z ,b$d\3--     
,all ! ,ea/]n writ]s agree 9 plac+ !    
bir? ( ,b$d\ #ajbg ,b4 ,c4 ,! doctr9es (
 ?is ,deity prevail$ ov] ,japan1 ,*9a1 &
 ,ceylon4 ,accord+ to ! sacr$ t5ets ( 8 
religion1 ',god is incessantly r5d]+    
himself inc>nate1' b 8 greate/ & mo/    
solemn inc>nation 0 ?ree ?\s& ye>s ago1 
9 ! prov9ce ( ,ca%m]e1 "u ! "n ( ,fot1  
or ,b$d\4 ,he 0 believ$ to h sprung f ! 
"r int]co/al ( a virg9 ( ! royal blood1 
:o1 :5 %e became a "m1 did n ! less     
cont9ue to be a virg92 t ! k+ ( !       
c\ntry1 uneasy at 8 bir?1 0 desir\s to  
put him to dea?1 & h5ce caus$ all !     
males t 7 born at ! same p]iod to be put
 to dea?1 & also t1 be+ sav$ by %eph]ds1
 he liv$ 9 ! des]t to ! age ( ?irty     
ye>s1 at :i* "t he op5$ 8 commission1   
prea*+ ! doctr9es ( tru?1 & ca/+ out    
devils2 t he p]=m$ a multitude ( ! mo/  
a/oni%+ miracles1 sp5t 8 life fa/+1 & 9 
! sev]e/ mortifications1 & at 8 dea?    

bequea!d to 8 disciples ! volume 9 :i* !
 pr9ciples ( 8 religion are conta9$4    
,"h1 x w be obs]v$1 are "s v /rik+      
c\nt]p>ts to ! miracul\s incid5ts f\nd  
relat$ 9 ! ,gospel hi/ory ( ,jesus      
,*ri/4 ,& no less analog\s is ! no less 
well-au!nticat$ /ory ( ,quexalcote (    
,mexico1 :i* ! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,maurice      
conc$es to be1 & ,"l ,k+sbor\gh &       
,niebuhr 79 8 hi/ory ( ,rome7 prove to  
be mu* old] ?an ! ,gospel acc\nt (      
,jesus ,*ri/ ,accord+ to ,maurice's     
,ind4 ,ant41 ,humboldt's ,rese>*es 9    
,mexico1 ,"l ,k+sbor-ough's ,mexican    
,ant41 & o!r works1 ! inc>nate ,god     
,quexalcote 0 born 7ab\t #cjj ,b4 ,c47 (
 a spotless virg91 by ! "n ,*imalman1 & 
l$ a life ( ! deepe/ humility & piety2  
retir$ to a wild]ness1 fa/$ =ty days1 0 
wor%ipp$ z a ,god1 & 0 f9ally crucifi$  
betwe5 two ?ieves2 aft] :i* he 0 buri$ &
 desc5d$ into hell1 b rose aga9 ! ?ird  
day4 ,! foll[+ is a "p ( ,"l            
,k+sbor\gh's te/imony 9 ! case3 ,!      
temptation ( ,quexalcote1 ! fa/ ( =ty   

days orda9$ by ! ,mexican ritual1 ! cup 
) :i* he 0 pres5t$ to dr9k 7on ! cross71
 ! re$ :i* 0 8 sign1 ! ',morn+ ,/>1' :i*
 he is designat$1 ! ',teoteepall1 or    
,div9e ,/one1' :i* 0 laid on 8 alt>1 &  
:i* 0 likewise an object (              
adoration1--all ^! circum/ances1        
connect$ ) _m o!rs relat+ to ,quexalcote
 ( ,mexico1 b :i* are "h omitt$1 are v  
curi\s & my/]i\s4 7,vol4 vi4 p4 #bcg1   
,mexican ,ant47  ,aga9 ,quexalcote is   
repres5t$1 9 ! pa9t+ ( ,codex           
,borgianus1 z nail$ to ! cross4 7,see   
,mex4 ,ant4 vol4 vi4 p4 #aff47 ,"o plate
 9 ?is "w repres5ts him z be+ crucifi$ 9
 ! heav5s1 "o z be+ crucifi$ betwe5 two 
?ieves4 ,sometimes he is repres5t$ z be+
 nail$ to ! cross1 & sometimes z hang+ )
 ! cross 9 8 h&s4 ,! same "w speaks ( 8 
burial1 desc5t into hell1 & 8           
resurrection2 :ile ! acc\nt ( 8         
immaculate conception & miracul\s bir?  
are f\nd 9 a "w call$ ,codex ,vaticanus4
  ,o!r p>allel incid5ts c\ld be cit$1 if
 we _h space = !m1 app]ta9+ to ! hi/ory 

( ?is ,mexican ,god4 ,& p>allels might  
also be con/ruct$ ^u ! hi/ories ( o!r   
anci5t ,gods1--z t ( ,sakia ( ,india1   
,salivahana ( ,b]muda1 ,hesus1 or ,eros1
 ( ! ,celtic ,druids1 ,mi?ra ( ,p]sia1  
,hil & ,feta ( ! ,m&aites1 c4  ,b we w  
close ) ! te/imony ( a ,fr5* philosoph] 
7,bag97 on ! subject ( deific           
inc>nations4 ,?is writ] says1 ,! mo/    
anci5t hi/ories are ^? ( ,gods :o became
 inc>nate 9 ord] to gov]n mank9d4 ,all  
^? fables are ! same 9 _s1 & sprang up  
ev]y:]e f confus$ ideas1 :i* h          
univ]sally prevail$ among mank9d1--t    
,gods =m]ly desc5d$ ^u e>?4  ,n[1 we ask
 ! ,*ri/ian read]1--& x w be ! fir/ qu]y
 ( e man ^: religi\s fai? has n made    
%ipwreck ( 8 reason1--,:at does all ?is 
mean8 ,h[ are y go+ to su/a9 !          
decl>ation t ,jesus ,*ri/ 0 ! only son &
 s5t ( ,god1 9 view ( ^! hi/oric facts8 
,:]e are ! sup]ior cr$5tials ( 8 claim8 
,h[ w y prove 8 app>5tly leg5d>y hi/ory 
7t is1 ! miracul\s portion ( 8 hi/ory7  
to be real1 & ! o!rs false8 ,we boldly  

av] x _c be done4 ,please answ] ^!      
que/ions1 or rel9qui% y\r doctr9e ( !   
div9ity ( ,jesus ,*ri/4     ,,*apt]     
,,xxxix4 ,,! ,,scriptural ,,view ,,(    
,,*ri/',s ,,div9ity4  ,,! mon/r\s       
sci5tific p>adox 7z com+ ages w reg>d x7
 compreh5d$ 9 ! conception ( an         
almighty1 omnipres5t1 & inf9ite ,be+1 ! 
,creator ( innum]able worlds1 7by him   
,*ri/ 7 all ?+s made t 7 made1 ,john i4 
#c-aj71 be+ born ( a frail & f9ite      
woman1 z taught by bo? ! ori5tal &      
,*ri/ian religion1 is s exce$+ly %ock+  
to e rational m9d1 :i* has n be5 sadly  
w>p$1 p]v]t$1 & co]c$ into ! belief by  
e>ly psy*ological influ5ce1 t we w\ld   
naturally presume t ^? :o1 on !         
assumption ( ! remote/ possibility ( its
 tru?1 %\ld v5ture to put =? a doctr9e s
 gl>+ly unreasonable & s obvi\sly       
unt5able1 w\ld ( c\rse v9dicate x &     
e/abli% x by ! /ronge/ argum5ts & by !  
mo/ unassailable & mo/ irrefragable     
pro(s2 & t 9 sett+ =? a doctr9e s       
manife/ly at w> ) e law & analogy (     

nature & e pr9ciple ( sci5ce1 no        
language %\ld h be5 us$1 nor ! slighte/ 
admission made1 t c\ld possibly lead to 
! slighte/ degree ( suspicion t !       
orig9al au?ors & propagators ( ?is      
doctr9e _h ei!r any d\bt ( ! tru? ( !   
doctr9e !mselves1 or 7 want+ 9 ! mo/    
ample1 ! mo/ abundant pro( to su/a9 x4  
,no language1 no text1 n a ^w1 n a      
syllable %\ld h be5 us$ mak+ ! mo/      
remote concession damag+ to ! validity (
 ! doctr9e1 s t n ! %ad[ ( a %ade ( d\bt
 c\ld be left on any m9d ( its tru?4    
,omnipot5t inde$ %\ld be ! logic1 &     
irresi/ible ! pro(1 9 support ( a !sis  
or a doctr9e :i* s squ>ely confronts &  
contradicts all ! obs]vation1 all !     
exp]i5ce1 ! :ole range ( sci5tific k1 & 
! common s5se ( mank9d4 ,h[ />tl+ !n1 to
 e dev\t & hone/ pr(essor ( ! ,*ri/ian  
fai? ought to be ! rec5t discov]y ( !   
fact1 t ! great majority ( ! texts hav+ 
any be>+ ^u ! doctr9e ( ! div9ity (     
,jesus ,*ri/1--a l>ge majority ( !      
passages 9 ! v book on :i* ! doctr9e is 

pr$icat$1 & :i* is ackn[l$g$ z ! sole   
w>ranty = su* a belief1--are actually at
 v>iance ) ! doctr9e1 & actually am\nt  
to its virtual d5ial & ov]?r[4 ,= we    
f9d1 ^u a critical exam9ation ( ! matt]1
 t at lea/ ?ree-f\r?s ( ! texts1 bo? 9 !
 ,gospels & ,epi/les1 :i* relate to !   
div9ity ( ,*ri/1 specifically or by     
implication ei!r tea* a diff]5t & a     
contr>y doctr9e1 or make concessions    
entirely fatal to x1 by inve/+ him )    
f9ite human qualities utt]ly            
incompatible ) ! "* & attributes ( a    
div9e or inf9ite ,be+4 ,h[ /range1 !n1  
h[ sup]latively /range1 t millions %\ld 
yet hold to su* a /range freak ( nature1
 su* a d>k relic ( ori5tal hea!nism1 su*
 a mon/r\sly fooli% & *ildi% sup]/ition1
 z t :i* tea*es ! inf9ite ,creator &    
,uphold] ( ! univ]se c\ld be r$uc$ s ne>
 to non5tity1 z 0 requir$ to pass ?r\gh 
! ord9>y /ages ( human g5]ation1 human  
bir?1 & human p>turition1 --a pu]ile    
notion :i* reason1 sci5ce1 nature1      
philosophy1 & common s5se1 proclaim to  

be supremely absurd & self-evid5tly     
impossible1 & :i* ev5 ! ,scriptures fail
 to su/a91--a logical1 scriptural       
exposition1 ( :i* we w "h pres5t a brief
 summ>y3--  #a4 ,! ess5tial attributes (
 a self-exi/+ ,god & ,creator1 &        
,uphold] ( all ?+s4 are inf9itude1      
omnipot5ce1 omnisci5ce1 & omnipres5ce1 &
 any be+ n possess+ all ^! attributes to
 repletion1 or possess+ any quality or  
*>act]i/ic 9 ! slighte/ degree          
incompatible ) any "o ( ^! attributes1  
_c be a ,god 9 a div9e s5se1 b mu/ (    
necessity be a frail1 fallible1 f9ite   
be+4  #b4 ,jesus ,*ri/ disclaims1       
hundr$s ( times ov]1 directly or        
impli$ly1 ! inh]5t possession ( any "o (
 ^! div9e attributes4  #c4 ,8           
evangelical biograph]s h inve/$ him ) ! 
entire category ( human qualities &     
*>act]i/ics1 ea* "o ( :i* is entirely   
unbefitt+ a ,god1 & tak5 toge!r are !   
only di/+ui%+ *>act]i/ics by :i* we c "k
 a man f a ,god4  #d4 ,fur!rmore1 !re   
issu$ f 8 own m\? v>i\s say+s &         

concessions mo/ fatal to ! conception ( 
8 be+ a ,god4  #e4 ,8 dev\t biograph]s h
 report$ v>i\s actions & movem5ts 9 8   
practical life :i* we are compell$ to   
reg>d z absolutely irreconcilable ) !   
inf9ite maje/y1 l(ty "*1 & supreme      
attributes ( an almighty ,be+4  #f4 ,^! 
human qualities 7 s obvi\s to all :o saw
 him & all :o became acqua9t$ ) him1 t  
d\bts sprang up among 8 own imm$iate    
foll[]s1 :i* ultimately matur$ into an  
op5 av[al ( disbelief 9 8 div9ity 9 t   
e>ly age4  #g4 ,^u ! axiomatical        
pr9ciples ( philosophy x is an utt] &   
absolute impossibility to unite 9       
repletion ! div9e & ! human 9 ! same    
be+4  #h4 ,& !n ,*ri/ _h a human bir?4  
#i4 ,he 0 con/itut$ 9 "p1 l human be+s1 
( fle% & blood4  #aj4 ,he became1 on    
c]ta9 occasions1 an hung]$1 l f9ite     
be+s4  #aa4 ,he also became ?ir/y 7,john
 xix4 #bh71 l p]i%able mortals4  #ab4   
,he (t5 slept1 l mortals1 & ?us became  
to dumb =getfulness a prey4  #ac4 ,he   
sometimes became we>y1 l human be+s4    

7,see ,john iv4 #f47  #ad4 ,he 0        
occasionally tempt$1 l fallible mortals4
 7,matt4 iv4 #a47  #ae4 ,8 s\l became   
exce$+ sorr[ful1 z a frail1 f9ite be+4  
7,matt4 xxvi4 #ch47  #af4 ,he disclos$ !
 weakness ( human passion by weep+4     
7,john xi4 #ce47  #ag4 ,he 0 orig9ally  
an imp]fect be+1 made p]fect ?r\gh      
suff]+4 7,heb4 ii4 #aj47  #ah4 ,he      
increas$ 9 wisdom & /ature 7,luke ii4   
#eb72 !re=e he mu/ h possess$ f9ite1    
*angeable1 mortal attributes4  #ai4 ,&  
he f9ally di$ & 0 buri$1 l all p]i%able 
mortals4 ,he c\ld n possibly1 f ^!      
consid]ations1 h be5 a ,god4 ,x is      
utt]ly impracticable to associate ) or  
compreh5d1 9 a ,god ( inf9ite p[]s &    
inf9ite attributes1 all or any ( ^!     
f9ite human qualities4  #bj4 ,d>k1      
intellectually d>k1 inde$1 mu/ be t m9d1
 & sunk1 sorr[fully sunk 9 sup]/ition1 t
 c wor%ip a be+ z ! great omnisci5t1    
omnipot5t1 & omnipres5t ,i ,,am1 :o     
possess$ all ^? qualities :i* 7         
con/itutionally *>act]i/ic ( ! pi\s1 !  

noble1 ! dev\t1 ! ,godlike1 yet f9ite & 
fallible ,jesus1 accord+ to 8 own       
admissions & ! repres5tations ( 8 own   
int]e/$ biograph]s4  #ba4 ,! only /ep   
:i* ! disciples ( ! ,*ri/ian fai? h made
 t[>d disprov+ or sett+ aside ^!        
argum5ts1 objections1 & difficulties1 is
 t ( assign+ ! inc>nate ,jesus a d\ble  
or tw(old nature--! amalgamation ( !    
human & div9e2 a po/ulate & a gr\ndless 
assumption1 :i* we h prov$ & demon/rat$ 
by ?irte5 argum5ts1 :i* we believe to be
 unansw]able1 is n only absurd1         
illogical1 & impossible1 b fooli% &     
ludicr\s 9 ! highe/ degree4 7,see vol4  
ii47  #bb4 ,?is s5seless hypo!sis1 & e  
o!r assumption & argum5t made use ( by !
 pr(essors ( ! ,*ri/ian fai? to v9dicate
 _! favorite dogma ( ! div9ity ( ,jesus1
 we h %[n to be equally applicable to ! 
demigods ( ! anci5t hea!n1 m ?an tw5ty (
 :om 7 inve/$ ) ! same comb9ation (     
human & div9e qualities :i* ! foll[]s & 
wor%ipp]s ( ,jesus claim = him4  #bc4   
,te/imony ( ! ,fa!r aga9/ ! div9ity ( ! 

,son4 ,! ,fa!r utt]ly precludes ! ,son f
 any p>ticipation 9 ! div9e ess5ce1 or  
any claim 9 ! ,godhead1 by su*          
decl>ations z ! foll[+3 ,i am ,jehovah1 
& beside me !re is no ,savior4 7,isaiah 
xliii4 #aa47 ,h[1 !n1 we w\ld ask1 c    
,jesus ,*ri/ be ! ,savior8 ,i1 ,jehovah1
 am ?y ,savior & ?y ,r$eem]4 ,!n ,*ri/ c
 be nei!r ! ,savior nor ,r$eem]4 ,!re is
 no ,god else beside me1 a j ,god & a   
,savior2 !re is none beside me4 7,isaiah
 xiv4 #ba47 ,s ! ,fa!r virtually        
decl>es1 accord+ to ! inspir$ prophet   
,isaiah1 t ! ,son1 9 a div9e s5se1 _c be
 ei!r ,god1 ,savior1 or ,r$eem]4 ,aga91 
,i am ,jehovah1 ?y ,god1 & ?\ %alt n    
ackn[l$ge a ,god beside me4 7,hosea     
xiii4 #d47 ,"h ,*ri/ is n only by       
implication cut (f f ! ,godhead1 b      
positively prohibit$ f be+ wor%ipp$ z   
,god4 ,& ?us ! te/imony ( ! ,fa!r       
disproves & sets aside ! div9ity ( !    
,son4  #bd4 ,te/imony ( ! "m4 ,:5 ,m>y  
f\nd1 aft] a long se>*1 h] son ,jesus 9 
! temple1 disput+ ) ! doctors1 & *id$ or

 reprov$ him = /ay+ f home )\t ! cons5t 
( 8 p>5ts1 & decl>$1 ?y fa!r & ,i s\ght 
!e1 sorr[+ 7,luke ii4 #dh71 %e proclaim$
 a tw(old d5ial ( 8 div9ity4 ,9 ! fir/  
place x _c be possible t %e reg>d$ h]   
son ,jesus z t awful ,be+1 be=e :om e'en
 ! dev\t sa9ts b[ 9 trembl+ fe>1 :5 %e  
us$ su* language & ev9c$ su* a _s z %e  
did4 ,:y ha/ ?\ ?us dealt ) u8 7,luke   
ii4 #dh7 is h] *id+ language4 ,& !n1 :5 
%e speaks ( ,joseph z 8 fa!r1 ?y fa!r & 
,i1 %e issues a decl>ation aga9/ 8      
div9ity :i* ought to be reg>d$ z settl+ 
! "q =ev]4 ,= :o c\ld "k bett] ?an ! "m1
 or r1 :o c\ld "k b ! "m1 :o ! fa!r ( ! 
*ild ,jesus 08 ,& z %e ackn[l$ges x 0   
,joseph1 %e ?us repudiates ! /ory ( !   
immaculate conception1 :i* con/itutes ! 
:ole basis = ! claim ( 8 div9ity4 ,h5ce 
! te/imony ( ! "m1 also1 disproves 8    
title to ! ,godhead4  #be4 ,te/imony or 
disclaim] ( ! ,son4 ,we w %[ by a       
specific citation ( tw5ty-five texts t  
!re is n "o attribute compreh5d$ 9 or   
peculi> to a div9e & inf9ite ,be+1 b t  

,*ri/ rejects z applicable to himself--t
 he mo/ conclusively disclaims e        
attribute ( a div9e ,be+1 bo? by precept
 & practice1 & (t5 9 ! mo/ explicit     
language4  #bf4 ,by decl>+1 ,! ,son c d 
no?+ ( himself 7,john v4 #ai71 he mo/   
emphatically disclaims ! attribute (    
omnipot5ce4 ,= an omnipot5t ,be+ c ne$  
no aid1 & c accept ( none4  #bg4 ,:5 he 
ackn[l$g$ & av[$ 8 ignorance ( ! day (  
judgm5t1 :i* mu/ be presum$ to be ! mo/ 
important ev5t 9 ! _w's hi/ory1 he      
disclaim$ ! attribute ( omnisci5ce4 ,( t
 day & h\r kn[e? no man1 nei!r ! ,son1 b
 ! ,fa!r only4 7,matt4 xxiv4 #cf47 ,n[1 
z an omnisci5t ,be+ mu/ possess all k1 8
 av[$ ignorance 9 ?is case is a         
confession he 0 n omnisci5t1 & h5ce n a 
,god4  #bh4 ,& :5 he decl>es1 ,i am glad
 = y\r sakes ,i 0 n !re 7at ! grave (   
,laz>us71 he mo/ di/9ctly disav[s be+   
omnipres5t1 & ?us d5ies to himself ano!r
 ess5tial attribute ( an inf9ite ,god4  
#bi4 ,& ! emphatic decl>ation1 ,i live  
by ! ,fa!r 7,john vi4 #eg71 is a direct 

disclaim] ( ! attributes ( self-exi/5ce2
 z a be+ :o lives by ano!r _c be        
self-exi/5t1 &1 p] consequ5ce1 n !      
inf9ite ,god4  #cj ,he disclaims        
possess+ inf9ite goodness1 ano!r        
ess5tial attribute ( a supreme div9e    
,be+4 ,:y calle/ ?\ me good8 !re is none
 good b "o1 t is ,god4 7,m>k x4 #ah47   
#ca4 ,he disclaim div9e honors1 &       
direct$ !m to ! fa!r4 ,i honor my ,fa!r4
 7,john viii4 #di47 ,i receive n honor f
 m54 7,john v4 #da47  #cb4 ,he recomm5d$
 supreme wor%ip to ! ,fa!r1 & n to      
himself4 ,! true wor%ipp]s %all wor%ip !
 ,fa!r 9 _s & 9 tru?4 7,john iv4 #ba47  
#cc4 ,he ascrib$ supreme dom9ion to !   
,fa!r4 ,?9e is ! k+dom1 & ! p[]1 & !    
glory =ev]4 7,matt4 vi4 #ac47  #cd4 ,x w
 be se51 f ! =ego+ text1 t ,*ri/ also   
ackn[l$ges t ! k+dom is ! ,fa!r's4 ,a   
,god )\t a k+dom w\ld be a ludicr\s /ate
 ( ?+s4  #ce4 ,he conc$$ supreme        
au?ority to ! ,fa!r4  ,my doctr9e is n  
m9e1 b 8 t s5t me4 7,john vii4 #af47    
#cf4 ,he consid]$ ! ,fa!r z ! supreme   

protector & pres]v] ( ev5 8 own         
disciples4 ,i pray t ?\ %\ld/ keep !m f 
! evil4 7,john xvii4 #ae47 ,:at1        
omnipot5ce n able to protect 8 own      
disciples8  #cg4 ,9 f9e1 he humbly      
ackn[l$g$ t 8 p[]1 8 w1 8 m9i/ry1 8     
mission1 8 au?ority1 8 works1 8 k1 & 8 v
 life1 7 all f1 & belong$ to & 7 "u !   
control (1 ! ,fa!r4 ,i c d no?+ (       
myself2 ,i came to d ! w ( him t s5t me4
 ,! ,fa!r t dwelle? )9 me1 he doe? ! "w1
 c4 ,a ,god )9 a ,god1 is an old pagan  
,otaheitan doctr9e4  #ch4 ,he decl>$ t  
ev5 spiritual communion 0 ! "w ( !      
,fa!r4 7,see ,john vi4 #de47  #ci4 ,he  
ackn[l$g$ himself controll$ by ! ,fa!r4 
7,see ,john v4 #cj47  #dj4 ,he ackn[l$g$
 8 entire helplessness & dep5d5ce on !  
,fa!r4 ,! ,son c d no?+ ( himself1 b :at
 he see? ! ,fa!r d4 7,john v4 #ai47     
#da4 ,he ackn[l$g$ t ev5 8 body 0 ! "w (
 8 ,fa!r2 9 o!r words1 t he 0 dep5d5t on
 8 ,fa!r = 8 physical life4 7,see ,heb4 
xvi4 #e47  #db4 ,& m ?an all1 he n only 
call$ ! ,fa!r ! only true ,god 7,john   

xvii4 #c71 b calls him my ,fa!r & my    
,god4 7,john xx4 #ag47 ,n[1 x w\ld be   
sup]lative nons5se to consid] a be+     
himself a ,god1 or ! ,god1 :o c\ld use  
su* language z is "h ascrib$ to ! humble
 ,jesus4 ,?is text1 ?is language1 is    
suffici5t ( itself to %[ t ,*ri/ c\ld n 
h laid any claim to ! ,godhead on any   
occasion1 unless we degrade him to !    
*>ge ( ! mo/ palpable & %ameful         
contradiction4  #dc4 ,he uni=mly direct$
 8 disciples to pray1 n to him1 b !     
,fa!r4 7,see ,matt4 vi4 #f47  #dd4 ,on  
"o occasion1 z we h cit$ ! pro( 79      
,matt4 xi4 #aa71 he ev5 ackn[l$g$ ,john 
! ,bapti/ to be great] ?an he2 :ile x   
mu/ be pat5t to e read] t no man c\ld be
 great] ?an ! almighty1 supreme         
,pot5tate ( heav5 & e>?1 9 any s5se     
:atev]4  #de4 ,te/imony ( ! disciples4  
,ano!r rem>kable pro( ( ! human sire%ip 
( ,jesus is1 t "o ( 8 own disciples--ay1
 "o ( ! *os5 twelve1 select$ by him z   
be+ end[$ ) a p]fect k ( 8 "*1 mission1 
& orig9--?is witness1 ?us po/$ & ?us    

au?oriz$1 proclaims1 9 unequivocal      
language1 t ,jesus 0 ! son ( ,joseph4   
,he> ! language ( ,philip address$ to   
,na?anael4 ,we h f\nd him ( :om ,moses1 
9 ! law & ! prophets1 did write--,jesus 
( ,naz>e?1 ! son ( ,joseph4 7,john i4   
#de47 ,no language c\ld be m explicit1  
no decl>ation m positive1 t ,jesus 0 !  
son ( ,joseph4 ,& no high] au?ority c\ld
 be adduc$ to settle ! "q1 com+ z x does
 f headqu>t]s4 ,& :at w1 or :at c1 !    
dev\t /ickl] = ! div9ely pat]nal orig9 (
 ,jesus ,*ri/ d ) su* te/imony8 ,x is a 
cl9*] :i* no sophi/ry c set aside1 no   
reason+ c grapple )1 & no logic ov]?r[4 
#df4 ,8 disciples1 in/ead ( repres5t+   
him z be+ ! only true ,god1 (t5 speak ( 
him 9 contradi/9ction to ,god4  #dg4 ,!y
 nev] speak ( him z ! ,god ,*ri/ ,jesus1
 b z ! man ,*ri/ ,jesus4 7 #a ,tim4 ii4 
#e47 ,jesus ( ,naz>e?1 a man approv$ (  
,god4 7,acts ii4 #bc47 ,x w\ld c]ta9ly  
be blasphemy to speak ( ! ,supreme ,be+ 
z a man approv$ ( ,god4 ,*ri/ian read]1 
reflect ^u ?is text4 ,by t man :om he   

7die ,fa!r7 ha? orda9$ 7,acts xvii4 #c71
 by ! assumption ( ! ,godhead ( ,*ri/1  
we w\ld be pres5t$ ) ! d\ble or tw(old  
solecism1 #a/4 ,( ,god be+ orda9$ by    
ano!r ,god2 & #b;d4 ,t ( 8 be+          
blasphem\sly call$ a man4  #dh4 ,paul's 
decl>ation has be5 cit$1 t unto u !re is
 b "o ,god--! ,fa!r4 7 #a ,cor4 iv4 #h4 
7 ,n[1 x is pla9 to common s5se1 t if   
!re is b "o ,god1 & t ,god is compreh5d$
 9 ! ,fa!r1 !n ,*ri/ is entirely exclud$
 f ! ,godhead4  #di4 ,if ,john's        
decl>ation be true1 t no man ha? se5    
,god at any "t 7,john iv4 #ab71 !n !    
important "q arises1 ,h[ c\ld ,*ri/ be  
,god1 z he 0 se5 by ?\s&s ( m51 & se5   
hundr$s ( times8  #ej4 ,god ! ,fa!r is  
decl>$ to be ! ,"o1 ! ,holy ,"o1 ! only 
,"o1 c41 m ?an "o hundr$ times1 z if    
purposely to exclude ! p>ticipation (   
any o!r be+ 9 ! ,godhead4  #ea4 ,?is "o1
 ?is only ,god1 is %[n to be ! ,fa!r    
alone 9 m ?an f\r ?\s& texts1 ?irte5    
hundr$ & tw5ty-six ( :i* are f\nd 9 !   
,new ,te/am5t4  #eb4 ,m ?an fifty texts 

h be5 f\nd :i* decl>e1 ei!r explicitly  
or by implication1 t ,god ! ,fa!r has no
 equal1 :i* effectually d5ies or %uts   
out ! div9e equality ( ! ,son4 ,to :om w
 ye lik5 me1 or %all ,i be equal )1 sai?
 ! holy ,"o4 7,isaiah xl4 #be47  #ec4   
,*ri/ 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t is call$ man1 & 
! ,son ( man1 eighty-f\r                
times1--egregi\s & di%onorable misnom]s1
 mo/ c]ta9ly1 to apply to a supreme &   
inf9ite ,deity4 ,on ! o!r h&1 he is     
call$ ,god b ?ree times1 & d5om9ates    
himself ! ,son ( ,god b once1 & t r     
obscurely4  #ed4 ,! ,fa!r is spok5 (1 9 
sev]al in/ances1 z /&+ 9 ! relation (   
,god to ! ,son1 z ! ,god ( our ,"l      
,jesus ,*ri/ 7,acts iii4 #b47 ,ye are   
,*ri/'s1 & ,*ri/ is ,gods4 7i ,cor4 xi4 
#c47 ,n[1 ! ,god ( a ,god is a          
poly!i/ic1 hea!n conception2 & #a no    
mean+ or int]pretation1 z we h %[n1 c be
 ,i =c$ ^u su* texts z ^!1 t w n admit a
 plurality ( ,gods1 if we admit ! titles
 z applicable to ,*ri/1 or t 8          
scriptural biograph]s int5d to apply su*

 a title 9 a sup]ior or supreme s5se4   
#ee4 ,_m texts make ,*ri/ ! m]e tool1   
ag5t1 image1 s]vant1 or repres5tative ( 
,god1 z ,*ri/1 ! image ( ,god 7,heb4 i4 
#c71 ,*ri/1 ! appo9t$ ( ,god 7,heb4 iii4
 #a71 ,*ri/1 ! s]vant ( ,god 7,matt4    
xii4  #ah71 c4 ,to consid] a be+ ?us    
spok5 ( z himself ! supreme ,god1 is1 z 
we h demon/rat$1 ! v climax ( absurdity 
& nons5se4 ,to believe ! s]vant ( ,god  
is ,god himself1--t is1 ! s]vant (      
himself1--& t ,god & 8 image are ! same1
 is to desc5d )9 "o /ep ( buffoon]y4    
#ef4 ,& !n x has be5 asc]ta9$ t !re are 
m ?an ?ree hundr$ texts :i* decl>e1 ei!r
 expressly or by implication1 ,*ri/'s   
subord9ation to & dep5d5ce on ! ,fa!r1  
z1 ,i c d no?+ ( myself2 ,n m9e1 b 8 t  
s5t me2 ,i came to d ! w ( him t s5t me 
7,john iv4 #cd72 ,i seek ! w ( my ,fa!r1
 c4  #eg4 ,& m ?an "o hundr$ & fifty    
texts make ! ,son inf]ior to ! ,fa!r1 z 
! ,son kn[e? n1 b ! ,fa!r does 7,m>k    
viii4 #cb72 ,my ,fa!r is great] ?an ,i2 
,! ,son c d no?+ ( himself 7,john v4    

#ai71 c4  #eh4 ,!re are _m div9e titles 
appli$ to ! ,fa!r :i* are nev] us$ 9    
ref]5ce to ! ,son1 z ,jehovah1 ,! ,mo/  
,high1 ,god ,almighty1 ,! ,almighty1 c4 
,on ! o!r h&1 ^? few div9e epi!ts or    
titles :i* are us$ 9 application to     
,jesus ,*ri/1 z ,"l1 ,god1 ,savior1     
,r$eem]1 ,int]cessor1 c41 x has be5 %[n 
7 all us$ prior to ! bir? ( ,*ri/1 9    
application to be+s kn[n & ackn[l$g$ to 
be m51 & "s ( !m are f\nd s appli$ 9 !  
bible itself2 z1 = example1 ,moses is   
call$ a ,god 9 two in/ances1 z we h %[n1
 & cit$ ! pro( 79 ,ex4 iv4 #af1 vii4    
#a71 :ile ! title ( ,"l is appli$ to m5 
at ?is day1 ev5 9 ,*ri/ian c\ntries4 ,& 
in/ances h be5 cit$ 9 ! bible ( ! t]m   
,savior be+ appli$ to m51 bo? 9 ! s+ul> 
& plural numb]s4 7,see #b ,k+s xiii4 #e1
 & ,neh4 ix4 #bg47 ,see+1 !n1 t ! mo/   
important div9e titles :i* ! writ]s ( ! 
,new ,te/am5t h appli$ to ,jesus 7      
previ\sly us$ 9 application to m51 kn[n 
& admitt$ to be su*1 x is !re=e at once 
evid5t t ^? titles d no?+ t[>d prov+ him

 to be ! ,great ,div9e ,be+1 z ! mod]n  
,*ri/ian _w assume him to be1 ev5 if we 
base ! argum5t :olly on scriptural      
gr\nds4 ,:ile1 on ! o!r h&1 we h        
demon/rat$ x to be an absolute          
impossibility to apply ) any propriety  
or any s5se to a div9e inf9ite omnipot5t
 ,be+ ^? f9ite human qualities :i* are s
 frequ5tly us$ ) ref]5ce to ,jesus      
?r\gh\t ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,& h5ce1 ev5 if
 we %\ld suppose or conc$e t ! writ]s ( 
! ,new ,te/am5t did really believe him  
to be ! great ,inf9ite ,_s1 or !        
almighty1 omnipot5t ,god1'we mu/        
conclude !y 7 mi/ak51 f _! own language1
 f _! own description ( him1 z well z 8 
own virtual d5ial & rejection ( su* a   
claim1 :5 he appli$ to himself1 z he did
 9 n9e cases out ( t51 /rictly f9ite    
human qualities & human titles 7z we h  
%[n71 :olly incompatible ) ! "* ( an    
inf9ite div9e ,be+4 ,we say1 f ! =ego+  
consid]ations1 if ! primitive disciples 
( ,jesus did really believe him to be ! 
great ,inf9ite1 bo? _! descriptions (   

him & 8 description or repres5tation (  
himself1 w\ld amply & mo/ conclusively  
prove t !y 7 mi/ak54 ,at lea/ we are    
compell$ to admit t !re is ei!r an error
 9 apply+ div9e titles to ,jesus1 or (t5
 an error 9 describ+ 8 qualities & p[]s1
 by himself & 8 orig9al foll[]s1 z !re  
is no compatibility or agreem5t betwe5 !
 two4 ,div9e titles to su* a be+ z !y   
repres5t him to be1 w\ld be an egregi\s 
misnom]4 ,we say1 !n1 t x mu/ be cle>ly 
& conclusively evid5t to e unbias$ m9d1 
f evid5ce furni%$ by ! bible itself1 t  
if ! div9e titles appli$ to ,jesus 7    
int5d$ to h a div9e significance1 !n !y 
are misappli$4 ,yet we w\ld n "h        
conclude an int5tional misrepres5tation 
9 ! case1 b simply a mi/ake gr[+ out ( a
 misconception1 & ! v limit$ *ildi%     
conception1 ( ! nature1 "*1 & attributes
 ( ! great positive ,m9d1 s univ]sally  
preval5t 9 t semi-b>b>\s age1 & !       
app>5tly total ignorance ( ! di/+ui%+   
*>act]i/ics :i* sep>ate ! div9e & !     
human4 ,we w illu/rate3 "s *ildr51 on   

pass+ ?r\gh a wild portion ( ! ,/ate (  
,ma9e rec5tly1 report$ !y enc\nt]$ a    
be>2 & to prove !y c\ld n be mi/ak5 9 ! 
animal1 !y describ$ x z be+ a tall1     
slight-built animal1 ) long sl5d] legs1 
( yell[i% auburn hue1 a %ort1 :ite1 bu%y
 tail1 clov5 feet1 l>ge bran*y horns1 c4
 ,n[1 x w be se5 at once t1 :ile _!     
description ( ! animal is evid5tly 9 !  
ma9 correct1 !y _h simply mi/ak5 a de] =
 a be>1 & h5ce misnam$ ! animal4  ,9 l  
mann] we mu/ conclude1 f ! repeat$      
in/ances 9 :i* ,*ri/'s biograph]s h     
ascrib$ to him all ! foibles1 frailties1
 & f9ite qualities & *>act]i/ics ( a    
human be+1 t if !y h 9 any in/ance call$
 him a ,god 9 a div9e s5se1 x is an     
egregi\s misnom]4 ,_! description ( him 
makes him a man1 & b a man1 :atev] may h
 be5 _! op9ion ) respect to ! propriety 
( call+ him a ,god4 ,& if ! two d n     
h>monize1 ! =m] mu/ rule ! judgm5t 9 all
 cases4 ,! tru? is1 ! ,jewi% f\nd]s (   
,*ri/ianity ent]ta9$ su* a l[1 n>r[1    
contract$1 & mean op9ion ( ,deity & !   

inf9ite di/9ction & di/ance betwe5 !    
div9e & ! human1 t _! !ology r$uc$ him  
to a level ) man2 & h5ce !y usually     
describ$ him z a man4     ,,*apt] ,,xl4 
,a ,,metonymic ,,view ,,( ,,! ,,div9ity 
,,( ,,jesus ,,*ri/  ,,if ,jesus ,*ri/ 7 
truly ,god1 or if !re exi/$ su* a       
co-equal & co-ess5tial on5ess betwe5 !  
,fa!r & ! ,son t !y con/itut$ b "o be+  
or div9e ess5ce1 !n :at is true ( "o is 
true ( ! o!r1 & a *ange ( names & titles
 f "o to ! o!r _c alt] ! s5se ( ! text4 
,let u1 !n1 sub/itute ! titles f\nd     
appli$ to ! ,son 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 to !
 ,fa!r1 & obs]ve ! effect3--  ,my ,son  
is great] ?an ,i4 7,john vii4 #bh47     
,god c d no?+ ( himself4 7,john v4 #ai47
  ,i mu/ be ab\t my ,son's bus9ess4     
7,luke ii4 #di47  ,! k+dom ( heav5 is n 
m9e to give1 b ! ,son's4 7,matt4 xx4    
#bc47  ,i am come 9 my ,son's "n1 & ye  
receive me n 7,john v4 #dc47  ,god cri$1
 ,jesus1 :y ha/ ?\ =sak5 me8 7,matt4    
xiii4 #bh47  ,no man ha? se5 ,jesus at  
any "t4 7#a ,john i4 #e-7  ,jesus creat$

 all ?+s by 8 ,son4 7,eph4 iii4 #i47    
,god sat d[n 79 heav57 at ! "r h& (     
,jesus4 7,luke xxii4 #fi47  ,!re is "o  
,jesus1 "o m$iator betwe5 ,jesus & m54  
7,gal4 iii4 #bj47  ,jesus gave 8 only   
begott5 ,fa!r4 7#a ,john iv4 #i7  ,god  
kn[s n ! h\r1 b ,jesus does4 7,m>k viii4
 #cb47  ,god is ! s]vant ( ,jesus4 7,m>k
 xii4 #ah47  ,god is orda9$ by ,jesus4  
7,acts xvii4 #ca47  ,! head ( ,god is   
,*ri/4 7,eph4 i4 #c47  ,we h an advocate
 ) ,jesus1 ,god ! righte\s4 7#a ,john   
ii4 #a47  ,jesus gave all p[] to ,god4  
7,matt1 xxviii4 #ah47  ,god abode all   
night 9 pray] to ,jesus4 7,luke vi4     
#ab47  ,god came d[n f heav5 to d ! w ( 
,jesus4 7,john vi4 #ch47  ,jesus has    
made ! ,fa!r 8 high prie/4 7,heb4 x4    
#bd47  ,la/ ( all1 ! ,son s5t ! ,fa!r4  
7,matt4 xxi4 #ci47  ,jesus w save ! _w  
by t ,god :om he ha? orda9$4  ,jesus is 
,god ( ! ,fa!r4 7,john xx4 #ag47  ,jesus
 ha? exalt$ ,god1 & giv5 him a m        
excell5t "n4 7,phil4 ii4 #i47  ,jesus   
ha? made ,god a little l[] ?an ! angels4

 7,heb4 ii4 #i47  ,god c d no?+ except  
:at he see? ,jesus d4 7,john v4 #ai47   
,n[1 ! "q arises1 ,is ! above           
repres5tation a true "o8 ,mo/ c]ta9ly x 
mu/ be1 if ,jesus & ! ,fa!r are b "o    
almighty ,be+4 ,a *ange ( names & titles
 _c alt] ! tru? nor ! s5se4  ,to say t  
,*ief ,ju/ice ,*ase has gone s\?2       
,secret>y ,*ase has gone s\?2 ,gov]nor  
,*ase has gone s\?2 ,ex-,s5ator ,*ase   
has gone s\?1 or ,salmon ,p4 ,*ase has  
gone s\?1 are affirmations equally true 
& equally s5sible1 because !y all h     
ref]5ce to ! same be+2 ! case is to pla9
 to ne$ argum5t4  ,! above rev]sal (    
names & titles ( ,jesus & ! ,fa!r may   
s\nd v unpleasant & r grat+ to          
,*ri/-ador+ ,*ri/ians1 simply because x 
is ! transposition ( ! tides ( two v    
scripturally dissimil> be+s1 in/ead (   
be+1 z g5]ally taught by or?odox        
,*ri/ians1 "o 9 ess5ce1 "o 9 m9d1 "o 9  
body or be+1 & "o 9 "n1 z ! ,rev4 ,mr4  
,b>nes affirms4 ,mo/ self-evid5tly false
 is 8 /atem5t1 bas$ solely on scriptural

 gr\nd4 ,if ,jesus is v ,god1 & !re is b
 "o ,god1 !n ! =ego+ transposition _c m>
 ! s5se nor alt> ! tru? ( "o text quot$4
     ,,*apt] ,,xli4 ,,! ,,precepts ,,&  
,,practical ,,life ,,( ,,jesus ,,*ri/2  
,,8 ,,two ,,hundr$ ,,errors  ,,!        
exaltation ( m5 to ! "* & homage ( div9e
 be+s has always _h ! effect to draw a  
vail ov] _! errors & imp]fections1 s z  
to r5d] !m imp]ceptible to ^? :o wor%ip 
!m z ,gods4 ,?is is true ( ne>ly all !  
deifi$ m5 ( antiquity1 :o 7 ador$ z     
inc>nate div9ities1 among :i* may be    
includ$ ! ,*ri/ian's man-,god1 ,jesus   
,*ri/4 ,! practice ( ! foll[]s ( ^!     
,gods has be51 :5 an error 0 po9t$ out 9
 _! tea*+s1 br\ght to light by !        
progress ( sci5ce & g5]al intellig5ce1  
to be/[ ^u ! text "s new & unw>rant$    
mean+1 entirely incompatible ) its      
lit]al read+1 or else to insi/ ) a godly
 zeal on ! correctness ( ! s5tim5t      
inculcat$ by ! text1 & ?us essay to make
 error pass = tru?4 ,9 ?is way millions 
( ! disciples (' ^! ,gods h be5 misl$ & 

bl9d$1 & made to believe by _! religi\s 
tea*]s & _! religi\s education1 t ev]y?+
 taught by _! assum$-to-be div9e        
exempl>s is p]fect tru?1 9 p]fect h>mony
 ) sci5ce1 s5se1 & true morals4 ,inde$1 
! p]v]sion ( ! m9d & judgm5t by a       
religi\s education has be5 9 _m cases   
c>ri$ to su* an extreme z to cause _!   
dev\t & prejudic$ foll[]s ei!r to       
entirely ov]look & ignore _! errone\s   
tea*+s1 or to magnify !m into ,god-giv5 
tru?s1 & ?us1 z be=e /at$1 clo! error ) 
! liv]y ( tru?4 ,?is /ate ( ?+s1 x has  
long be5 notic$ by unprejudic$ m9ds1    
exi/s among/ ! millions ( pr(ess$       
believ]s 9 ! div9ity ( ,jesus ,*ri/4    
,h5ce ! errors1 bo? 9 8 moral lessons & 
8 practical life1 h pass$ f age to age  
unnotic$1 because 8 pi\s & awe-/rick5   
foll[]s1 hav+ be5 taught t he 0 a div9e 
tea*]1 h assum$ t 8 tea*+s mu/ all be   
true2 & h5ce1 too1 h in/itut$ no scrut9y
 to det]m9e _! tru? or falsity4 ,b we w 
n[ proce$ to %[ t ! progress (' sci5ce &
 g5]al intellig5ce has br\ght to light  

_m errors1 n only 9 8 tea*+s1 b 9 8     
practical life also4 ,9 enum]at+ !m1 we 
w arrange !m "u ! head   ,,moral ,,&    
,,religi\s ,,errors4  #a4 ,! fir/ moral 
precept 9 ! tea*+s ( ,*ri/1 :i* we w br+
 to notice1 is "o ( a num]\s class1 :i* 
may v prop]ly be arrang$ "u ! head (    
,moral ,extremism4 ,we f9d _m ( 8       
admonitions ( ?is "*4 ,ne>ly ev]y?+ t is
 said is ov]said1 c>ri$ to extremes--?us
 con/itut+ an ov]wr\ght1 extravagant    
sy/em ( morality1 impracticable 9 its   
requisitions2 z1 = example1 ,take no    
?\ght = ! morr[4 7,matt1 v47 ,if ! _s ( 
?is injunction 7 c>ri$ out 9 practical  
life1 !re w\ld be no gra9 s[n & no se$  
plant$ 9 spr+1 no reap+ done 9 h>ve/1 & 
no crop g>n]$ 9 autumn2 & ! result w\ld 
be univ]sal />vation 9 less ?an twelve  
mon?s4 ,b1 =tunately = society1 !       
,*ri/ian _w h laid ?is positive         
injunction ^u ! table "u ! rule (       
indef9ite po/ponem5t4  #b4 ,*ri/'s      
assum$-to-be mo/ important requisition  
is f\nd 9 ! injunction1 ,seek ye fir/ ! 

,k+dom ( ,god1 & 8 righte\sness1 & all  
else %all be add$ unto y4 7,matt4 vi4   
#cc47 ,8 e>ly foll[]s und]/ood by ?is   
injunction1 & d\btless und]/ood x       
correctly1 t !y 7 to sp5d _! lives 9    
religi\s devotion1 & neglect ! practical
 duties ( life1 leav+ ,provid5ce to take
 c>e ( _! families--a c\rse ( life :i*  
r$uc$ _m ( !m to ! po9t ( />vation4  #c4
 ,! disciple ( ,*ri/ is requir$1 :5     
smitt5 on "o *eek1 to turn ! o!r also t 
is1 :5 "o *eek is pommel$ into a jelly  
by "s vile miscreant or drunk5 wret*1   
turn ! o!r1 to be sma%$ up 9 l mann]4   
,?is is an extravagant requisition1 :i* 
none ( 8 mod]n disciples ev5 attempt to 
obs]ve4  #d4 ,resi/ n evil 7,matt4 v4   
#cd7 brea!s =? a k9dr$ _s4 ,?is         
injunction requires y to /& ) y\r h&s 9 
y\r pocket :ile be+ maltreat$ s cruelly 
& unm]cifully t ! =feiture ( y\r life   
may be ! consequ5ce--at lea/ ,*ri/'s    
e>ly foll[]s s und]/ood x4  #e4 ,!      
disciple ( ,*ri/ is requir$1 :5 8 cloak 
is =mally wre/$ f him1 to give up 8 coat

 also4 7,see ,matt1 v47 ,& to c>ry out !
 pr9ciple1 if ! m>aud] dem&s x1 he mu/  
next give up 8 boots1 !n 8 %irt1 & ?us  
/rip himself ( all 8 g>m5ts1 & g nak$4  
,?is looks l an invitation & bribe to   
robb]y4  #f4 ,lay n up = y\rselves      
treasures on e>?4 7,matt4 vi4 #ai47 ,?is
 is ano!r positive comm& ( ,*ri/1 :i* ! 
mod]n ,*ri/ian _w1 by common cons5t1 h  
laid on ! table "u ! rule ( indef9ite   
po/ponem5t1 "u ! conviction t ! wants ( 
_! families & ! exig5cies ( sickness &  
old age _c be s]v$ if !y %\ld live up to
 su* an injunction4  #g4 ,sell all t ?\ 
ha/1444 & come & foll[ me1 is ano!r     
comm& :i* bespeaks m piety ?an wisdom1 z
 all :o h attempt$ to comply ) x h r$uc$
 _! families to begg>y & want4  #h4 ,if 
any man love ! _w1 ! love ( ! ,fa!r is n
 9 him4 ,!n he mu/ hate x1 z !re are b !
 two pr9ciples1 & f hate proce$ envy1   
/rife1 evil surmis+s1 & p]secution4     
,evid5tly ! rem$y 9 ?is case =          
worldly-m9d$ness is worse ?an ! disease4
  #i4 ,he t come? to me1 & hate? n fa!r1

 "m1 bro!r1 & si/]1 c41 _c be my        
disciple4 7,luke xiv4 #bf74 ,?is brea!s 
=? ! same _s z ! la/ text quot$ above4  
,_m le>n$ expositions h be5 p5n$ by     
,*ri/ian writ]s to make x appe>1 t hate 
9 ?is case does n mean hate4 ,b c]ta9ly 
x w\ld be a sl&] ^u inf9ite wisdom to   
leave x to be inf]r$ t he c\ld n say or 
inspire 8 disciples to say exactly :at  
he meant1 & to say x s pla9ly z to leave
 no possibility ( be+ misund]/ood1 or   
leave any gr\nd = dispute ab\t ! mean+4 
#aj4 ,rejoice & be exce$+ glad :5       
p]secut$4 7,matt4 v4 #d47 ,n[1 z a /ate 
( rejoic+ is ! highe/ condition (       
happ9ess t c be realiz$1 su* advice mu/ 
naturally prompt ! religi\s zealot to   
c\rt p]secution1 9 ord] to obta9        
complete happ9ess1 & consequ5tly to     
pursue a d>e-devil life to provoke      
p]secution4  #aa4 ,:osoev] %all seek to 
save 8 life1 %all lose x1 c4 7,luke     
xvii4 #cc47 ,"h is display$ ! _s (      
m>tyrdom :i* has made millions reckless 
( life1 & goad$ on ! fr5zi$ bigot to    

seek ! fi]y fagot & ! halt]4 ,we reg>d x
 z ano!r display ( religi\s fanaticism4 
#ab4 ,ye %all be hat$ ( all m5 = my "n's
 sake4 7,matt4 x4 #ab47 ,h[ repulsive   
mu/ h be5 _! doctr9es or _! conduct6 ,no
 s5sible religion c\ld excite ! univ]sal
 hatr$ ( mank9d4 ,= x w\ld conta9 some?+
 adapt$ to ! moral1 religi\s1 or        
spiritual ta/e ( "s class or portion (  
society1 & h5ce make x & its disciples  
lov$ in/ead ( hat$4 ,& !n h[ c\ld !y be 
hat$ ( all m51 :5 n "o man 9 a ?\s& ev] 
he>d ( !m8 ,"h is m ( ! extravagance (  
religi\s en?usiasm4  #ac4 ,%ake (f ! du/
 ( y\r feet aga9/ ^? :o _c see ! tru? or
 utility ( y\r doctr9es4 7,matt4 x4     
#ad47 ,"h ,*ri/ enc\rages 9 8 disciples 
a _s ( contempt = ! op9ions ( o!rs      
calculat$ to make !m hat$4 ,a prop]     
reg>d = ! rules ( good-bre$+ w\ld h     
=bidd5 su* rud5ess t[>d /rang]s = a m]e 
hone/ diff]5ce ( op9ion4  #ad4 ,take    
no?+ = y\r j\rney1 nei!r /aff1 nor      
scrip1 nor purse 7,m>k vi4 #h72 t is    
sponge on y\r fri5ds1 & =ce y\rselves on

 y\r enemies1 ! latt] class ( :i* seem  
to h be5 mu* ! mo/ num]\s4 ,a prea*] :o 
%\ld attempt to c>ry out ?is advice at !
 pres5t day w\ld be /opp$ at ! fir/     
toll-gate1 & compell$ to return4 ,"h is 
m violation ( ! rules ( good-bre$+1 & ! 
common c\rtesies ( civiliz$ life4  #ae4 
,g & tea* all nations1 c4 ,:y issue an  
injunction t c\ld n possibly be c>ri$   
out8 ,x nev] has be51 & nev] w be1      
execut$1 = ?ree-f\r?s ( ! human race h  
nev] yet he>d ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,x 0 n1    
!re=e1 a m>k ( wisdom1 or a sup]ior m9d1
 to issue su* an injunction4  #af4 ,& he
 t believe? & is baptiz$ %all be sav$2 b
 he t believe? n %all be damn$4 ,:at    
intol]ance1 bigotry1 rel5tless cruelty1 
& ignorance ( ! sci5ce ( m9d are "h     
display$6 ,no philosoph] w\ld give      
utt]ance to1 or indorse su* a s5tim5t4  
,x assumes t belief is a creature ( ! w1
 & t a man c believe any?+ he *ooses1   
:i* is wide ( ! tru?4 ,& ! assumption   
has be5 foll[$ by p]secution1 mis]y1 &  
blood%$4  #ag4 ,all ?+s :atsoev] ye %all

 ask 9 pray]1 believ+1 ye %all receive4 
7,matt4 xxi4 #bb47 ,"h is an entire     
negation ( natural law 9 ! necessity (  
physical labor z a means to procure !   
com=ts ( life4 ,:5 any?+ is want$ 9 !   
%ape ( food or raim5t1 x is to be       
obta9$1 accord+ to ?is text1 by go+ d[n 
on y\r knees & ask+ ,god to be/[ x4 ,b  
no ,*ri/ian ev] realiz$ all ?+s :atsoev]
 ask$ = 9 pray]1 ?\ght believ+ ) all 8  
he>t he %\ld obta9 x4 ,! au?or kn[s1 by 
8 own practical exp]i5ce1 t ?is         
decl>ation is n true4 ,?is promise has  
be5 falsifi$ ?\s&s ( times by ?\s&s (   
pray+ ,*ri/ians4  #ah4 ,be n call$      
rabbi4 ,call no man y\r fa!r4 7,matt1   
xxiii47 ,! ,*ri/ian _w assume t mu* (   
:at ,*ri/ taught is m]e idle nons5se1 or
 ! incoh]5t utt]+s ( a religi\s fanatic2
 = !y pay no m practical att5tion to x  
?an ! b>k+ ( a dog4 ,& "h is "o comm&   
treat$ 9 ?is mann]3 ,call no man fa!r4  
,:]e is ! ,*ri/ian :o refuses to call 8 
e>?ly sire a fa!r8  #ai4 ,call no man   
ma/]4 7,matt1 xxiii47 ,& yet mi/]1 :i*  

is ! same ?+1 is ! mo/ common title 9   
,*ri/5dom4  #bj4 ,he :o enunciates ! two
 words1 ',?\ fool4' %all be 9 dang] (   
hell fire4 7,matt1 xxii47 ,m]cy6 ,:o1   
!n1 c be sav$8 ,= !re is probably n a   
live ,*ri/ian 9 ! _w :o has n call$     
somebody a fool1 :5 he knew him to be   
su*1 & c\ld n ) tru?fulness be call$    
any?+ else4 ,"h1 !n1 is ano!r comm&     
univ]sally ignor$ & indef9itely po/pon$4
  #ba4 ,swe> n at all1 nei!r by heav5   
nor e>?4 7,matt1 v47 ,& yet no ,*ri/ian 
refuses to indulge 9 legal1 if n pr(ane1
 swe>+ :i* ! text evid5tly =bids4  #bb4 
,m5 ought always to pray4 7,luke xviii47
 ,no "t to be all[$ = eat+ or sleep+4 ,m
 religi\s fanaticism4  #bc4 ,:osoev] w  
be *ief among y let him be y\r s]vant   
7,matt4 xx4 #bg72 t is1 no ,*ri/ian     
pr(essor %all be a presid5t1 gov]nor1   
major-g5]al1 deacon1 or prie/4 ,ano!r   
comm& laid on ! table4  #bd4 ,love y\r  
enemies4 7,matt4 v4 #dd47 ,!n :at k9d ( 
feel+ %\ld we cultivate t[>d fri5ds8 ,& 
h[ mu* did he love 8 enemies :5 he call$

 !m fools1 li>s1 hypocrites1 g5]ation ( 
vip]s1 c48 ,& yet he is held up z our   
example 9 love1 meekness1 & =be>ance4 ,b
 no man ev] did love an enemy4 ,x is a  
moral impossibility1 z mu* s z to love  
bitt] or nauseat+ food4 ,! advice ( !   
,roman slave ,syrus is indicative ( m   
s5se & wisdom--,treat y\r enemy k9dly1 &
 ?us make him a fri5d4  #be4 ,we are    
requir$ to =give an enemy f\r hundr$ &  
n9ety times2 t is1 sev5ty times sev54   
7,matt1 vii47 ,ano!r outbur/ ( religi\s 
en?usiasm2 ano!r pro( ( an ov]heat$     
imag9ation4  #bf4 ,be ye p]fect1 ev5 z  
y\r ,fa!r 9 heav5 is p]fect4 7,matt4 v4 
#dh47 ,"h is m ( ! religi\s extravagance
 ( a m9d uncultur$ by sci5ce4 ,= x is   
self-evid5t t human be+s c make no      
approximation to div9e p]fection4 ,!    
di/ance betwe5 human imp]fection & a    
p]fect ,god is1 & ev] mu/ be1 inf9ite4  
#bg4 ,*ri/ comm5d$ ^? :o became eunu*s =
 ! k+dom ( heav5's sake 7,matt4 xix4    
#ab7--;a cu/om requir+ a murd]\s1       
self-but*]+ process2 de/ructive ( !     

en]gies ( life & ! vigor ( manhood1 &   
r5d]+ ! subject weak1 effem9ate1 &      
mopi%1 & unfit = ! bus9ess ( life4 ,x is
 a l[ species ( piety1 & discloses a    
lam5table lack ( a sci5tific k ( ! true 
functions ( ! sexual organs on ! "p (   
,jesus4  #bh4 ,*ri/ also enc\rag$ 8     
disciples to pluck out ! eye1 & cut (f !
 h&1 z a means ( r5d]+ x impossible to  
p]petrate evil ) ^? memb]s4 ,& we w\ld  
sugge/1 if su* advice is consi/5t ) s\nd
 reason+1 ! head also %\ld be cut (f1 z 
a means ( m effectually c>ry+ out ! same
 pr9ciple4 ,su* advice nev] came f ! m\?
 ( a philosoph]4 ,x is a "p ( ,*ri/'s   
sy/em ( extravagant piety4  #bi4 ,he    
also taught ! s5seless1 ori5tal         
tradition ( ! unp>donable s9 aga9/ !    
,holy ,gho/--a fabul\s be+ :o figur$ m  
anci5tly 9 ! hi/ory ( v>i\s c\ntries4   
7,see ,*apt] ,,xxii47 ,no philosoph] or 
man ( sci5ce c\ld h>bor su* *ildi%      
misconceptions z are embodi$ 9 ?is      
tradition1 :i* nei!r describes ! be+ nor
 expla9s ! nature ( ! s94  #cj4 ,we f9d 

_m pro(s1 9 ,*ri/'s ,gospel hi/ory1 t he
 believ$ 9 ! anci5t hea!n tradition :i* 
taught t disease is caus$ by demons &   
evil spirits4 7,see ,luke vii4 #ba1 &   
viii4 #b47  #ca4 ,_m cases are report$ (
 8 reliev+ ! obsess$ by ca/+ out !      
diabolical intrud]s1 9 imitation ( !    
ori5tal cu/om long 9 vogue 9 v>i\s      
c\ntries1 by :i* he ev9c$ a pr(\nd      
ignorance ( ! natural causes ( disease4 
#cb4 ,*ri/ also taught ! old pagan      
sup]/ition t ,god is a ,god ( ang]1 :ile
 mod]n sci5ce tea*es t x w\ld be z      
impossible = a ,god ( p]fect & inf9ite  
attributes to exp]i5ce ! feel+ ( ang] z 
to commit suicide2 & rec5t discov]ies 9 
physiology prove t ang] is a species (  
suicide1 & t x is also a species (      
insanity4 ,h5ce an angry ,god w\ld be an
 insane ,god--an omnipot5t lunatic1 rul+
 ! k+dom ( heav51 :i* w\ld make heav5 a 
lunatic asylum1 & r a dang]\s place to  
live4  #cc4 ,& ,*ri/'s injunction to fe>
 ,god also implies t he is an angry be+4
 7,see ,luke xxiii4 #dj47 ,b y pa/      

hi/ory proves t ! fe> ( ,god has always 
be5 ! great lev] ( prie/craft1 & ! mo/  
paltry & pitiful motive t ev] mov$ !    
human m9d4 ,x has p>alyz$ ! noble/      
intellects1 cru%$ ! ela/icity ( y\?1 &  
augm5t$ ! hesitat+ indecision ( old age1
 & f9ally fill$ ! _w ) c[>dly1 trembl+  
slaves4 ,no philosoph] w ei!r love or   
wor%ip a ,god he fe>s4 ,! fe> ( ! ,"l is
 a v anci5t hea!n sup]/ition4  #cd4 ,!  
inducem5t ,*ri/ holds out = lead+ a     
virtu\s life by ! promise ( ,well done1 
?\ good & fai?ful s]vant1 bespeaks a    
*ildi% ignorance ( ! nature ( ! human   
m9d & ! true sci5ce ( life4 ,x ranks ) !
 promise ( ! nurse ( sug>-plums to ! boy
 if he w\ld keep 8 g>m5ts unsoil$4 7,= !
 rema9d] ( ! two hundr$ errors ( ,*ri/1 
see ,vol4 ,,ii47  ,!re are _m o!r errors
 f\nd 9 ! precepts & practical life (   
,jesus ,*ri/ 7:i* we are compell$ to    
omit an exposition ( "h71 su* z 8 los+ 8
 temp]1 & abus+ ! money-*ang]s by       
ov]?r[+ _! c\nt+-table1 & expell+ !m f !
 temple ) a :ip ( cords :5 engag$ 9 a   

lawful' & laudable bus9ess2 8 gett+ mad 
at & curs+ ! fig tree2 8 doom+ ,cap]naum
 to hell 9 a fit ( ang]2 8 be+ deceiv$  
by two ( 8 disciples 7,pet] & ,judas71  
:i* prompt$ him to call !m devils2 8    
impli$ approval ( ,david1 ) 8 f\rte5    
crimes & p5it5ti>y de$s1 & also         
,abraham1 ) 8 falsehoods1 polygamy1 &   
ince/1 & 8 impli$ sanction ( ! ,old     
,te/am5t1 ) all its errors & num]\s     
crimes2 8 promise to 8 twelve apo/les to
 sit ^u ! twelve ?rones ( ,israel 9     
heav51 ?us ev9c+ a v limit$ & *ildi%    
conception ( ! enjoym5ts ( ! future     
life2 8 pu]ile idea ( s91 consi/+ 9 a   
p]sonal affront to a p]sonal ,god2 8    
omission to say any?+ ab\t human fre$om1
 ! inali5able rights ( man1 c4   ,,!    
,,sci5tific ,,errors ,,( ,,*ri/4  ,t    
,jesus ,*ri/ 0 nei!r a natural or moral 
philosoph] is evid5t f ! foll[+ facts3--
  #a4 ,he nev] made any use ( ! ^w      
philosophy4  #b4 ,nev] gave utt]ance to 
! ^w sci5ce4  #c4 ,nev] spoke ( a       
natural law1 or assign$ a natural cause 

= any?+4 ,! fact t he nev] made use ( ^!
 words n[ s curr5t 9 all civiliz$       
c\ntries1 is evid5ce t he 0 totally     
ignorant ( ^! important bran*es ( k1 !  
cultivation ( :i* is n[ kn[n to be      
ess5tial to ! progress ( civilization4  
,& yet x is claim$ 8 religion has be5 a 
great lev] 9 ! advancem5t (             
civilization4 ,b ?is is a mi/ake--a     
solemn mi/ake1 z else:]e %[n4 7,see     
,*ap4 ,,xlv47  #d4 ,ev]y?+ to ,*ri/ 0   
miracle2 ev]y?+ 0 produc$ & controll$ by
 ! arbitr>y p[] ( an angry or irascible 
,god4 ,he evid5tly _h no idea ( a rul+  
pr9ciple 9 nature or ( ! exi/5ce (      
natural law1 z controll+ any ev5t he    
witness$4 ,h5ce he set no b\nds to      
any?+1 & recogniz$ no limits to !       
possible4 ,he believ$ ,god to be a      
sup]natural p]sonal be+1 :o possess$    
unlimit$ p[]1 & :o rul$ & controll$     
ev]y?+ by 8 arbitr>y w1 )\t any law or  
any limitation to its ex]cises4 ,h5ce he
 told 8 disciples !y w\ld h any?+ !y    
pray$ = 9 fai?2 t by fai? !y c\ld roll  

m\nta9s into ! sea1 or br+ to a halt !  
roll+ bill[s ( ! mighty deep4 ,he       
evid5tly believ$ t ! =k$ lightn+1 !     
out-bur/+ e>?-%ak+ ?und]1 & ! ro>+1     
heav+ volcano 7 b pliant tools or       
obsequi\s s]vants to ! man ( fai?4 ,& he
 displays no less ignorance ( ! laws (  
m9d ?an ! laws ( nature2 ?us prov+ him  
to h be5 nei!r a natural1 moral1 nor    
m5tal philosoph]4 ,he omitt$ to tea* !  
great moral lessons le>n$ by human      
exp]i5ce1 ( :i* he 0 evid5tly totally   
ignorant4  #e4 ,he nev] taught t !      
practice ( virtue conta9s its own rew>d4
  #f4 ,t ! "q ( "r & wrong ( any action 
is to be decid$ by its effect ^u !      
individual1 or ^u society4  #g4 ,t no   
life c be displeas+ to ,god :i* is      
useful to man4  #h4 ,& he omitt$ to tea*
 ! mo/ important lesson t c engage !    
att5tion ( man1 viz43 t ! great purpose 
( life is self-developm5t4  #i4 ,t no   
p]son c atta9 or approximate to real    
happ9ess )\t be/[+ a special att5tion to
 ! cultivation & ex]cise ( all ! m5tal &

 physical faculties1 s f> z to keep !m 9
 a heal?y condition4 ,none ( ! important
 lessons above nam$ are h9t$ at 9 8     
tea*+s1 :i*1 if punctually obs]v$1 w\ld 
d m to advance ! happ9ess ( ! human race
 ?an all ! s]mons ,*ri/ or ,*ri%na ev]  
prea*$1 or ev] taught4  #aj4 ,& !n he   
taught _m doctr9es :i* are pla9ly       
contradict$ by ! e/abli%$ pr9ciple (    
mod]n sci5ce1 su* z1--  #aa4 ,diseases  
be+ produc$ by demons1 devils1 or wick$ 
spirits4 7,see ,m>k ix4 #bj47  ,*ri/    
n[h]e assigns a natural cause = disease1
 or a sci5tific explanation = its cure4 
#ab4 ,8 rebuk+ a fev] discloses a simil>
 lack ( sci5tific k4 7 ,see ,luke iv4   
#ci47  #ac4 ,8 belief 9 a lit]al hell & 
a lake ( fire & brim/one 7see ,matt1    
xviii4 #h7 is an anci5t hea!n sup]/ition
 sci5ce kn[s no?+ ab\t1 & has no use =4 
#ad4 ,8 belief 9 a p]sonal devil also   
7see ,matt4 xvii4 #hh71 :i* is ano!r    
ori5tal tradition1 furni%es m sad pro( (
 an utt] want ( sci5tific k1 z sci5ce   
has no place = & no use = su* a be+4    

#ae4 ,*ri/ taught ! unphilosophical     
doctr9e ( rep5tance1 z he decl>$ he came
 to call s9n]s to rep5tance 7,matt4 ix4 
#ac7--;a m5tal process1 :i* consi/s     
m]ely 9 a revival ( e>ly impressions1 & 
(t5 leads a p]son to condemn t :i* is   
"r1 z well z t :i* is wrong4 7,= pro(1  
see ,*apt] ,,xliii47  #af4 ,! doctr9e ( 
=giv5ess1 :i* ,*ri/ s (t5 inculcat$1 is 
also at v>iance ) ! tea*+s ( sci5ce1 z x
 c d no?+ t[>d *ang+ ! nature ( ! act   
=giv51 or t[>d cancell+ its previ\s     
effects ^u society4 ,sci5ce tea*es t e  
crime has its p5alty atta*$ to x1 :i* no
 act ( =giv5ess1 by ,god or man1 c arre/
 or set aside4  #ag4 ,b no?+ ev9ces1    
p]haps1 m cle>ly ,*ri/'s total lack (   
sci5tific k ?an 8 hold+ a man           
responsible = 8 belief1 & condemn+ =    
disbelief1 z he does 9 num]\s in/ances  
7see ,m>k xvi4 #af71 = a man c\ld z     
easily control ! circulation ( ! blood 9
 8 ve9s z control 8 belief4 ,sci5ce     
tea*es t belief dep5ds ^u evid5ce1 & )\t
 x1 x is impossible to believe1 & ) x1 x

 is impossible to disbelieve4 ,h[ fooli%
 & unphilosophical1 !re=e1 to condemn = 
ei!r belief or disbelief6  #ah4 ,!      
num]\s cases 9 :i* ,*ri/ speaks ( ! he>t
 z be+ ! seat ( consci\sness1 in/ead ( !
 bra91 ev9ces a rem>kable ignorance ( ! 
sci5ce ( m5tal philosophy4 ,he speaks ( 
an upright he>t1 a pure he>t1 'c41 :5 an
 upright liv]1 a pure liv]1 w\ld be z   
s5sible1 z ! latt] has z mu* to d ) ! "*
 z ! =m]4  #ai4 ,& ! _m cases 9 :i* he  
makes x m]itori\s to h a "r fai?1 &     
places x above reason1 & assumes x to be
 a volunt>y act1 %[s 8 utt] ignorance ( 
! nature ( ! human m9d4  #bj4 ,& ,*ri/  
ev9c$ a rem>kable ignorance ( ! cause ( 
physical defects1 :5 he told 8 he>]s a  
c]ta9 man 0 born bl9d1 9 ord] t he might
 cure him4 7,matt4 vii4 #bb47  #ba4 ,&  
,*ri/'s decl>ation1 t ^? :o m>ry are n  
wor?y ( be+ sav$ 7see ,luke xx4 #cd71   
%[s t he 0 v ignorant ( ! nature ( !    
sexual functions ( ! human sy/em4  #bb4 
,no?+ c\ld m completely demon/rate a    
total ignorance ( ! gr& sci5ce (        

a/ronomy ?an ,*ri/'s pr$iction ( ! />s  
fall+ to ! e>?4 7,see ,luke xxi4 #be47  
#bc4 ,& ! conflagration ( ! _w1 ! ga!r+ 
( ! elect1 & ! realization ( a fanci$   
mill5nium1 :i* he sev]al times pr$ict$  
w\ld take place 9 8 "t1 be=e ?is        
g5]ation pass away 7,matt1 xxiv4 #cd71  
proves a l ignorance1 bo? ( a/ronomy &  
philosophy4  #bd4 ,& 8 curs+ ( ! fig    
tree = n be>+ fruit 9 ! w9t] season 7see
 ,matt4 xxi4 #bj71 n only proves 8      
ignorance ( ! laws ( nature1 b ev9ces a 
bad temp]4  #be4 ,*ri/ indorses ! tru? (
 ,noah's flood /ory 7see ,luke xvii4    
#bg71 :i* e p]son at ! pres5t day1 v]s$ 
9 sci5ce & natural law1 kn[s is m]e     
fiction1 & nev] took place4  ,& num]\s  
o!r errors1 ev9c+ ! mo/ pr(\nd ignorance
 ( sci5ce & natural law1 might be po9t$ 
out 9 ,*ri/'s tea*+s1 if we _h space =  
!m4 ,x has always be5 alleg$ by or?odox 
,*ri/5dom1 t ,*ri/'s tea*+ & moral sy/em
 are s faultless z to *all5ge criticism1
 & s p]fect z to defy improvem5t4 ,b ?is
 is a s]i\s mi/ake4 ,= mo/ ( 8 precepts 

& moral inculcations :i* are n directly 
at w> ) ! pr9ciples ( sci5ce1 or d n    
involve a flagrant violation ( ! laws ( 
nature1 are1 nev]!less1 *>act]iz$ by a  
lawless & extravagant mode ( expression 
peculi> to semi-savage life1 & :i*1 z x 
r5d]s x impossible to r$uce !m to       
practice1 %[s !y c\ld n h emanat$ f a   
philosoph]1 or man ( sci5ce1 or a man ( 
ev5ly-balanc$ m9d4 ,!y impose ^u ! _w a 
sy/em ( morality1 pu%$ to su* extremes t
 its own pr(ess$ admir]s d n live x out1
 or ev5 attempt to d s4 ,!y long ago    
ab&on$ x z an impracticable duty4 ,we w 
prove ?is by enum]at+ mo/ ( its         
requisitions1 & %[+ t !y are daily      
violat$ & trampl$ "u foot by all        
,*ri/5dom4 ,:]e c ! ,*ri/ian pr(essor be
 f\nd :o1 #a4 takes no ?\ght = ! morr[  
or1 #b4 :o lays n up treasure on e>?1   
or1 at lea/1 tries to d x2 or1 #c4 :o   
gives up all 8 prop]ty to ! poor2 or :o1
 :5 8 cloak is wre/$ f him by a robb]1  
gives up 8 coat also2 or :o calls no man
 ma/] or mi/] 7! mo/ common title 9     

,*ri/5dom72 or :o calls no man fa!r 7if 
he has a fa!r72 or :o calls no man a    
fool 7:5 he kn[s he is a fool72 or :o1  
:5 "o *eek is pommel$ into a jelly by "s
 vile miscreant or drunk5 wret*1 turns !
 o!r to be batt]$ up 9 ! same way2 or :o
 prays )\t ceas+2 or :o rejoices :5     
p]secut$2 or :o =gives an enemy f\r     
hundr$ & n9ety times 7#gj times #g72 or 
:o manife/s by 8 practical life t he    
loves 8 enemies 7! way he loves him is  
to report him to ! gr& jury1 or h& him  
ov] to ! %]iff72 or :o =sakes h\ses &   
l&1 & ev]y?+1 = ! k+dom ( heav5's sake4 
,no ,*ri/ian pr(essor lives up to ^!    
precepts1 or any ( !m1 or ev5 tries to d
 s4 ,to talk1 !re=e1 ( f9d+ a practical 
,*ri/ian1 :ile ne>ly ! :ole moral code (
 ,*ri/ is ?us daily & habitually outrag$
 & trampl$ "u foot by all ! *ur*es & e  
"o ( ! two hundr$ millions ( ,*ri/ian   
pr(essors1 is bitt] irony & supreme     
solecism4 ,we w\ld g five hundr$ miles1 
or pay five hundr$ doll>s1 to see a     
,*ri/ian4 ,if a man c be a ,*ri/ian :ile

 op5ly & habitually violat+ e precept ( 
,*ri/1 !n ! ^w has no mean+4 ,^!        
precepts1 ! ,*ri/ian _w f9d+ to be      
impossible to practice1 h unanim\sly    
laid ^u ! table "u ! rule ( indef9ite   
po/ponem5t4 ,!y are ! product ( a m9d ) 
an ard5t temp]am5t1 & ! religi\s        
faculties develop$ to excess1 &         
unre/ra9$ by sci5tific or intellectual  
culture4 ,a simil> ve9 ( extravagant    
religi\s duty is f\nd 9 ! ,ess5ian1     
,budhi/1 & ,py?agorean sy/ems4 ,z ,z]a  
,colburn possess$ ! ma!matical faculty  
to excess1 & ,j5ny ,l9d ! musical tal5t1
 ,*ri/ 9 l mann] 0 all religion4 ,& f ! 
extreme ardor ( 8 religi\s feel+1 ?us   
d]iv$1 sprang 8 extravagant notions ( ! 
duties ( life4 ,?is peculi>ity ( 8      
organization expla9s ! :ole my/]y4      
,,*ri/ ,,z ,a ,,man1 ,,& ,,*ri/ ,,z ,a  
,,sect>ian4  ,to e obs]vant & unbias$   
m9d a /range contra/ mu/ be visible 9 ! 
practical life ( ,jesus ,*ri/ :5 view$ 9
 8 tw(old capacity ( a man & a prie/4   
,:ile /&+ ^u ! broad plane ( humanity1 )

 8 deep sympa!tic nature direct$ t[>d ! 
poor1 ! un=tunate1 & ! d[ntrodd51 !re   
(t5 gu%$ =? f 8 impassion$ bosom ! mo/  
sublime expressions ( pity1 & ! /ronge/ 
outbur/ ( commis]ation = wrongs &       
suff]+s1 & 8 noble goodness & t5d] love 
ye>n$ ) a ?robb+ he>t to relieve !m4 ,b 
! mom5t he put on ! sac]dotal robe1 &   
assum$ ! "* ( a prie/1 t mom5t1 if any  
"o cross$ 8 pa? by refus+ to yield to 8 
requisitions ( fai?1 or diss5t$ f 8     
religi\s cre$1 8 :ole nature 0 seem+ly  
*ang$4 ,x 0 no long]1 ,bless$ are ye1 b 
,curs$ are ye1 or ,woe unto y4 ,l !     
f\nd]s ( o!r religi\s sy/ems1 he 0 ard5t
 t[>d fri5ds & bitt] t[>d enemies1 &    
extoll$ 8 own religion1 :ile he d5\nc$  
all o!rs4 ,8 way 0 ! only way1 & all :o 
did n walk ?re91 or con=m !reto1 7 load$
 ) curses & imprecations1 & all :o c\ld 
n accompli% ! impossible m5tal a*ievem5t
 ( believ+ ev]y?+ he set =? or urg$ ^u  
_! cr$5ce1 & t1 too1 )\t evid5ce1 7 to  
be et]nally damn$4 ,all :o climb$ up any
 o!r way 7 ?ieves & robb]s4 ,all :o     

pr(ess$ fai? 9 any o!r religion ?an 8 7 
on ! road to hell4 ,l ! ori5tal ,gods1  
he taught t ! _w 0 to be sav$ ?r\gh fai?
 9 him & 8 religion4 ,all :o did n honor
 him 7 to be di%onor$ by ! ,fa!r4 ,& )\t
 fai? 79 him & 8 religion71 x is        
impossible to please ,god4 ,he decl>$ t 
all :o 7 n = him 7 aga9/ him2 & all :o 7
 n on ! same road are hea!ns &          
publicans4 ,8 disciples 7 enjo9$ to %ake
 (f ! du/ f _! feet z a manife/ation (  
displeasure t[>d ^? :o c\ld n           
consci5ti\sly subscribe to _! cre$s &   
dogmas4 ,?us we discov] a /rong ve9 (   
intol]ance & sect>ianism 9 ! religion ( 
! o!rwise1 & 9 o!r respects1 ! k9d &    
lov+ ,jesus4 ,?\gh mo/ b5ignantly k9d & 
affectionate :ile mov+ & act+ "u !      
controll+ impulses ( 8 l(ty manhood1 yet
 :5 8 ard5t religi\s feel+s 7 t\*$1 he  
became *af$1 irritat$1 & sometimes      
intol]ant4 ,he !n c\ld tol]ate no su* ?+
 z lib]ty ( consci5ce1 or fre$om (      
?\ght1 or ! "r to diff] ) him 9 religi\s
 belief4 ,8 extremely ard5t devotional  

nature1 :5 r\s$ into action 9 def5se ( a
 /]eotyp$ fai?1 eclips$ 8 m noble1 l(ty1
 & lovely traits1 & (t5 dimm$ 8 m5tal   
vision1 ?us pres5t+ 9 ! same individual 
a /range m$ley1 & a /range contra/ ( !  
mo/ opposite traits ( "*4 ,t su* a be+  
%\ld h be5 consid]$ & wor%ipp$ z a ,god1
 & = ! v reason t he possess$ su*       
/range1 contradictory traits ( "*1 & (t5
 let 8 religion run riot ) 8 reason1 w  
be look$ ^u by po/]ity z "o ( ! /range/ 
*apt]s 9 ! hi/ory ( ! human race4 ,b s x
 is4 ,extraord9>y good qualities1 ?\gh  
int]m+l$ ) _m errors & human foibles1 h 
deifi$ _m m54  ,note4 ,"o ,*ri/ian writ]
 alleges1 9 def5se ( ! objectionable    
precepts ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 t ,he taught "s
 errors 9 condesc5sion to ! ignorance ( 
! p4 ,if ?is be true1 t he taught bo?   
tru? & falsehood1 !n ! "q arises1 ,h[ c 
we "k :i* is :i*8 ,by :at rule c we     
discrim9ate !m1 z he himself furni%es   
none8 ,or h[ are we to det]m9e t he     
taught tru? at all8 ,& !n ?is plea w\ld 
acc\nt = & excuse all ! errors f\nd 9 ! 

tea*+s ( ! ori5tal ,gods4 ,if x w apply 
9 "o case1 x w 9 ! o!r4 ,& ?us x proves 
too mu*4     ,,*apt] ,,xlii4 ,,*ri/ ,,z 
,a ,,spiritual ,,m$ium  ,,!re are _m    
incid5ts relat$ 9 ! life ( ,*ri/1 :i*1  
:5 critically exam9$1 furni% abundant   
evid5ce t he 0 :at is n[ kn[n z a       
spiritual m$ium4 ,he unque/ionably      
repres5t$1 & (t5 practically exhibit$1  
sev]al important phases ( mod]n         
m$ium%ip4  #a4 ,! _m in/antane\s cures  
:i* he wr\ght1 z report$ 9 8 ,gospel    
n>rative1 p]=m$ 9 ! same mann] t _s     
doctors n[ heal ! sick1 prove t he 0 an 
excell5t heal+ m$ium4  #b4 ,8 decl>ation
 to ,na?anael1 ,:5 ?\ wa/ "u ! fig tree1
 ,i saw !e1 & 8 rec\nt+ to ! woman (    
,sam>ia ! de$s ( h] pa/ life 7acts      
simil> to :i* are n[ p]=m$ e day by     
spirituali/s71 are evid5ce t he 0 also a
 clairvoyant m$ium4  #c4 ,8 walk+ on !  
wat] 7if ! /ory is true71 z ,d4 ,d4     
,home has frequ5tly1 )9 ! pa/ few ye>s1 
walk$ or float$ on ! air 9 ! pres5ce (  
_m witnesses 7includ+ m5 ( sci5ce1 royal

 p]sonages1 & memb]s ( p>liam5t71       
entitles him to ! appellation ( a       
physical m$ium4  #d4 ,& ! circum/ance ( 
8 po9t+ 8 disciples to ! m>k ( ! spe> 9 
8 side1 & ! pr9t ( ! nails 9 8 h&s1 :ile
 among/ !m z a _s1 has l$ _m            
spirituali/s to conclude he 0 also a    
m$ium = mat]ialization4 ,8 _s 0 made to 
pres5t ! peculi> m>ks :i* _h be5        
inflict$ ^u 8 physical body1 cases      
p>allel to :i* are n[ witness$ e day by 
mod]n spirituali/s4 ,hundr$s ( cases h  
occurr$ ( dep>t$ spirits pres5t+        
!mselves to _! fri5ds ) all ! peculi>   
m>ks :i* _! physical bodies _h long worn
 :ile 9 ! e>? life4 ,& ! =m] physical   
w\nds h (t5 be5 exhibit$ by ! _s 9 !    
same mann] ,*ri/ exhibit$ 84 ,& ?us     
spiritualism expla9s ! ph5om5on :i*     
o!rwise w\ld be entirely incr$ible4  #e4
 ,& !re is yet ano!r phase ( m$ium%ip   
:i* ,*ri/ (t5 exhibit$ 9 8 practical    
life4 ,he claim$ to h frequ5t int]c\rse 
) "s invisible be+1 :om he call$ !      
,fa!r4 ,b z mod]n sci5ce has settl$ ! "q

 ( ! p]sonality ( ,god 9 ! negative1 we 
are l$ to conclude t ,*ri/1 l _m em95t  
p]sons s9ce 8 "t1 mi/ook "s f9ite _s = !
 great inf9ite b imp]sonal ,fa!r        
_s--?\gh 8 att5dant invisible companion 
0 probably a _s ( a v high ord]4 ,& !   
great beauty & gr&eur ( 8 life are      
exhibit$ by 8 frequ5t int]c\rse ) &     
dep5d5ce ^u ?is 8 gu>dian _s4 ,he decl>$
 he did no?+ ( himself1 s dep5d5t 0 he  
^u 8 invisible guide4 ,& ! /ronge/ pro( 
t he _h a _s companion1 :i* he (t5 look$
 to = c\nsel & aid1 & t ?is 0 ! be+ he  
call$ ! ,fa!r1 is furni%$ by ! fact1 t  
:5 he pray$ to ! ,fa!r1 8 petition 0    
answ]$ by an angel _s4 7,see ,luke xxii4
 #dd47 ,& !re is no acc\nt & no evid5ce 
( any invisible or spiritual be+ ev]    
pres5t+ itself to him b an angel or _s4 
,t he %\ld h suppos$ ?is _s to be !     
great inf9ite ,fa!r ,god 0 v natural4   
,?\s&s s9ce1 & "s be=e 8 "t1 committ$ a 
simil> mi/ake4 ,! au?or has kn[n sev]al 
p]sons :o _h long _h int]c\rse ) "s     
invisible be+ !y suppos$ to be ,god1 :o 

h rec5tly1 by ! light af=d$ by mod]n    
spiritualism1 become entirely conv9c$ t 
!y _h simply mi/ak5 a f9ite _s = ! great
 ,inf9ite ,_s4 ,& did ,*ri/ live 9 our  
day1 he w\ld probably be rescu$ f a     
simil> error 9 ! same way4 ,9           
conclusion1 we w rem>k t x 0 d\btless 8 
frequ5t displays ( sev]al v rem>kable   
phases ( spiritual m$ium%ip t contribut$
 mu* to lead ! p into ! error ( suppos+ 
him to be ,god4 ,& ?is fact w yet be    
kn[n4     ,,*apt] ,,xliii4 ,,conv]sion1 
,,rep5tance1 ,,& ,,gett+ ,,religion ,,( 
,,hea!n ,,orig9   ,,_! ,,num]\s ,,evils 
,,& ,,absurdities4  ,,( all ! follies   
ev] enact$ or exhibit$ "u ! sun1 & ( all
 ! ignorance ( hi/ory1 sci5ce1 & human  
nature ev] display$ 9 ! hi/ory ( ! human
 race1 t :i* /&s out 9 bold relief1 z   
pre-em95t1 is ! fa%ionable cu/om (      
conv]sion1 or gett+ religion4 ,:5 !     
evid5ce lies all ar\nd u z ?ick z !     
fall5 leaves ( autumn1 clu/]+ on ! pages
 ( hi/ory1 & proclaim$ by e pr9ciple (  
m5tal sci5ce1 t :at is call$ conv]sion  

is no?+ b a m5tal & temp]am5tal or n]v\s
 ph5om5on--a psy*ological process--h[ c 
we rank ^? among/ intellig5t p :o /ill  
claim x to be ! p[] ( ,god op]at+ ^u !  
s\l ( ! s9n]8 ,ignorance is ! only plea 
t c acquit !m ( ! *>ge ( imbecility4 ,! 
numb] :o daily fall victims to ?is      
prie/ly delusion 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ! c\ntry
 may be reckon$ by ?\s&s4 ,we propose 9 
?is *apt] to exhibit "s ( ! evils &     
absurdities ( ?is widespread delusion & 
religi\s mono-mania4 ,to d s ! m        
effectually1 we w arrange ! pres5tation 
( ! subject "u f\r sep>ate heads4 ,we w 
attempt to %[1--  #a4 ,its hi/orical    
errors4  #b4 ,its logical errors4  #c4  
,its philosophical or sci5tific errors4 
#d4 ,its moral evils4  #a/4 ,its        
,hi/orical ,errors4--,c we conceive x   
possible t ! ?\s&s ( prie/s :o are n[   
employ$ 9 conv]t+ s\ls to ,god are s    
ignorant ( hi/ory z n to "k t x is an   
old pagan cu/om8 t x 0 preval5t 9 hea!n 
c\ntries long be=e a s+le s\l 0 conv]t$ 
to ,*ri/ianity1 & is c>ri$ on to "s     

ext5t n[1 bo? among pagans & ,mahom$ans8
 ,f su* facts x w\ld appe> 7view+ !     
matt] f ! ,*ri/ian /&-po9t7 t ,god is   
indiff]5t z to :at k9d ( religion1 or   
:at sort ( religi\s nons5se1 p are      
conv]t$ to1 or :e!r x is tru? or error  
!y embrace1 or :e!r x is a true religion
 or a false "o !y imbibe1 s he gets !m  
conv]t$4 ,accord+ to ,mr4 ,higg9s1 !    
practice ( conv]t+ p f "o sect to ano!r 
by ! popul> prie/hood 0 preval5t "u !   
anci5t ,p]sian sy/em1 & 0 c>ri$ on !re q
 ext5sively m ?an ?ree ?\s& ye>s ago2 & 
! process 0 ess5tially ! same z t n[ 9  
vogue among/ modem ,me?odi/s1 & ! effect
 ! same4 ,at _! l>ge revival meet+s !   
:ole congregation w\ld sometimes become 
s affect$ "u ! eloqu5t m9i/rations ( !  
(ficiat+ prie/1 z to cry1 & %\t1 &      
pro/rate !mselves ^u ! gr\nd1 :i* 0     
aft]w>d f\nd to be dr5*$ ) _! te>s2 & on
 ^! occasions !y w\ld confess _! s9s to 
ea* o!r1 & to _! prie/s2 & yet ^? v s9s 
!y condemn$ 71 p]haps1 among/ ! be/ acts
 ( _! lives1 :ile _! real crimes 7      

ov]look$ & ju/ifi$1 in/ead ( be+        
condemn$1 ?us %[+ t an hone/1 j1 &      
s5sible ,god c\ld h _h no?+ to d ) x4 ,&
 we h reports ( simil> sc5es witness$ m 
rec5tly among ! ,mahom$ans4 ,major      
,d5ham furni%es u an acc\nt ( "s revival
 meet+s he att5d$ a few ye>s s9ce 9     
,arabia1 c>ri$ on by "o ( ! ,mahom$an   
sects4 ,on "o occasion ! effect ( !     
disc\rse ( ! prea*] ^u ! audi5ce 9 ! way
 ( conv]t+ s\ls to ,god 0 s p[]ful1 t he
 c\ld only conv9ce himself t he 0 n 9 a 
,me?odi/ revival meet+ by a k ( 8       
geographical position4 ,! prea*]'s "n 0 
,malem ,*adily1 & "h is a specim5 ( "s (
 8 language4 ,turn1 turn1 s9n]1 unto    
,god2 confess he is good1 & t ,mahomet  
is 8 prophet2 wa%1 & become clean ( y\r 
s9s1 & p>adise is op5 be=e y3 )\t ?is   
no?+ c save y f et]nal fire4 ,dur+ ?is  
e>ne/ appeal 7says ! major71 te>s fl[$  
pl5tifully1 & ev]ybody appe>$ to be     
affect$4 ,"o ( 8 he>]s1 becom+ conv]t$1 
%\t$1 ,y\r words pi]ce my s\l1 & fell ^u
 ! floor4 ,n[ let x be borne 9 m9d1 t   

,mahomet is /igmatiz$ & condemn$ by !   
,*ri/ian *ur*es z a false prophet1 & 8  
religion d5\nc$ z a sy/em ( fraud1 a    
false religion1 c4 ,( c\rse1 !n1        
,*ri/ians w n argue1 nor admit1 t       
conv]sion1 & gett+ religion1 9 ?is case1
 is ! "w ( ,god4 ,a j ,god w\ld h no?+  
to d 9 conv]t+ p to a false religion4   
,:at explanation %all we adopt = x !n8  
,to assume x to be ! "w ( ! devil 7!    
d]ni] resort = all religi\s             
difficulties71 & conv]sions among       
,*ri/ians ! "w ( ,god1 :5 bo? are s     
cle>ly & obvi\sly alike1 is to insult   
common s5se4 ,to assume t two ?+s1      
exactly alike 9 "*1 c be exactly &      
diametrically unlike 9 orig91 is a      
sci5tific p>adox :i* no p]son ( common  
intellig5ce c swall[1 or accept = a     
mom5t4 ,bo?1 !n1 we mu/ admit1 h ! same 
orig94 ,?is tra9 ( argum5t leads u to   
speak (--  #b;d4 ,! ,logical            
,absurdities ( ! ,doctr9e (             
,conv]sion4--,!re are sev]al            
circum/ances :i* po9t1 unmi/akably z !  

ne$le to ! pole1 to ! mundane orig9 ( ! 
ph5om5on ( conv]sion4  ,! "* ( _m ( !   
prie/ly conductors :o run ! batt]y1 is  
suffici5t ( itself to preclude !        
hypo!sis ( any div9e ag5cy 9 ! matt]4 ,!
 mo/ p[]ful revivali/ we ev] knew1 !    
prie/ :o c\ld conv]t an audi5ce !       
quicke/1 & br+ d[n s9n]s to ! m\rn]s'   
b5* fa/] ?an any o!r cl]gyman we ev]    
he>d deal+ out damnation to ! p1 0 a    
broad-%\ld]$1 muscul>1 /5torian-voic$   
circuit rid] ( ! ,buckeye ,/ate1 :o1 z 0
 aft]w>d le>n$1 0 guilty ( p]petrat+ "s 
( ! blacke/ crimes t ev] blott$ ! page (
 human hi/ory1 at ! v "t ( 8 mo/        
successful c>e] 9 ! way ( convict+ s\ls 
( s91 & conv]t+ !m to ,god4 ,he 0       
appreh5d$ by ! (fic]s ( ! law 9 ! mid/ (
 "o ( 8 mo/ fl\ri%+ revivals1 "u !      
tw(old *>ge1 i4 ,( be+ ! fa!r ( an      
illegitimate *ild1 ! "y "m ( :i* 0 a    
memb] ( 8 *ur*2 #b4 ,( defraud+ "o ( 8  
neighbors 9 a trade1 to ! am\nt ( ne>ly 
a ?\s& doll>s--bo? ( :i* *>ges he 0     
convict$ (4 ,a simil> case1 b possess+  

"s worse features1 occurr$ a few ye>s   
s9ce 9 ! c\nty 9 :i* ! au?or n[ resides4
 ,a prea*]1 :o _h _h crim9al connection 
) a "y woman ( 8 *ur*1 9 ord] to conceal
 8 guilt resort$ to ! damnable exp$i5t (
 adm9i/]+ poison to 8 victim %ortly be=e
 8 illicit int]c\rse ) h] w\ld h be5    
made manife/ by ! bir? ( a *ild1 ?us    
committ+ a d\ble murd]4 ,he 0 appreh5d$ 
= ! crime :ile c>ry+ on a mo/ glori\s   
revival1 z x 0 /yl$ by "s ( ! delud$    
congregation4 ,n[ to ascribe !          
irresi/ible p[] :i* ^! two prea*]s ex]t$
 ov] _! audi5ce 79 ! way ( conv]t+ !m to
 ,god7 to a div9e s\rce1 z !y claim$ =  
x1 w\ld be to trifle ) common s5se1     
common dec5cy1 & all honorable          
conceptions ( a ,god4 ,^! rev]5d scamps 
(t5 in/itut$ ! high claim ( be+ call$ ( 
,god to _! m9i/]ial labors4 ,b if we    
conc$e ! claim1 we %\ld h to conclude t 
,god knew b little ab\t !m1 = he c]ta9ly
 w\ld n kn[+ly employ su* moral outlaws 
^u su* an important mission4  ,hav+ ?us 
briefly spok5 ( ! "* ( "s ( ! actors &  

ag5ts 9 ! "w ( conv]sion1 we w n[ glance
 at ! "* ( "s ( ! religions & religi\s  
ideas1 & moral c\rse ( conduct1 to :i* !
 s9n] is conv]t$4 ,x is evid5t t if an  
,all-wise ,god _h any?+ to d 9 ! process
 ( conv]t+ p to any sy/em ( religion1 he
 w\ld also conv]t !m to correct moral   
habits4 ,b 9 _m cases1 aft] conv]sion !y
 are no ne>] "r 9 ?is respect1 & 9 "s   
cases fur!r f x ?an be=e be+ ?us        
sanctifi$4 ,9 "s cases _! religion      
becomes worse1 _! religi\s ideas less   
s5sible1 & _! moral conduct m           
objectionable1 by ! *ange ( he>t 9 gett+
 religion4 ,mr4 ,sp5c] in=ms u t !      
,vewas1 a sect or tribe ( ! ,feegees1   
(t5 cry = h\rs "u conviction = s94 ,&   
:at is t s98 ,:y1 ! neglect to (f]      
sacrifices to _! ,god4 ,& ^? sacrifices 
consi/ 9 human be+s1 sometimes _! own   
*ildr54 ,& _! conviction1 conv]sion1 &  
rep5tance only make !m m dilig5t 9      
practic+ ?is crime4 ,x is evid5t1 !n1 t 
_! religion is at w> ) _! humanity1 & ! 
=m] always triumphs 9 ! conte/4 ,!y are 

addict$ to cannibalism1 infanticide1 &  
polygamy4 ,b z ! process ( gett+        
religion nev] makes anybody m           
intellig5t1 ! *ange ( he>t1 ) ! ,vewas1 
nev] *anges _! views1 or op5s _! eyes to
 see ! enormity ( _! crimes4 ,9 gett+   
religion p get nei!r s5se1 k1 nor       
morality4 ,!y get nei!r a l>g] /ock1 nor
 an improv$ quality1 ( ei!r4 ,_! moral  
conduct is n (t5 s5sibly improv$1       
mat]ially or p]man5tly4  #c;d4          
,sci5tific ,errors1 & ,sci5tific        
,explanations ( ,conv]sion4--,! ph5om5a 
( conv]sion & gett+ religion are s      
easily expla9$ 9 ! light ( sci5ce &     
philosophy1 & t explanation is          
susceptible ( s _m pro(s &              
demon/rations1 t x seems rem>kably      
/range t any p]sons claim+ to be        
intellig5t1 & situat$ 9 ! focal1        
sci5tific light ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 %\ld
 /ill be hamp]$ ) ! delusion t su*      
ph5om5a are ! direct display ( ! p[] (  
,god4 ,x requires b little inve/igation 
& reflection to conv9ce any p]son t :at 

is call$ conv]sion1 & rep5tance = s91 is
 no?+ b ! revival ( e>ly educational    
impressions resuscitat$ by ! influ5ce ( 
m9d on m9d4 ,no p]son has ev] be5 kn[n  
to get or embrace a religion he 0 n     
bias$ 9 favor ( prior to ! "t ( 8       
conv]sion1 unless we except a few       
weak-m9d$ p]sons negative to any        
influ5ce1 & conv]tible to any religion !
 prie/ may urge ^u _! att5tion4 ,a v    
/rong pro( ( ?is /atem5t is furni%$ by !
 hi/ory ( ! ,*ri/ian mission>y          
ent]prise4 ,! reports ( travel]s &      
soj\rn]s 9 ,india %[1 t ) two hundr$    
ye>s' labor1 & two hundr$ mission>ies 9 
! field dur+ a "p ( t p]iod1 ! *ur*es h 
n succe$$ 9 conv]t+ "o 9 t5 ?\s& ( !    
,h9doos to ! ,*ri/ian religion--unless  
we except ^? :o1 :ile *ildr51 7 s5t to  
,*ri/ian s*ools in/itut$ by !           
mission>ies = ! special purpose (       
conv]t+ & w>p+ ! "y m9d1 & weld+ x to ! 
,*ri/ian fai? be=e ,x %\ld receive an   
un*angeable & unyield+ bias 9 favor (   
ano!r religion4 ,s fruitless has be5 !  

ef=t to conv]t to ,*ri/ianity ^? :o 7   
already e/abli%$ 9 ! religion ( !       
c\ntry1 t1 accord+ to ! e/imate (       
,colonel ,d[1 ea* conv]t1 on an av]age1 
has co/ ! mission>y ent]prise n less ?an
 t5 ?\s& doll>s4 ,an intellig5t ,h9doo1 
:ile lectur+ rec5tly 9 ,london1 made !  
rem>kable /atem5t1 t conv]sions :i* are 
made to ! ,*ri/ian religion are n among/
 ! intellig5t or le>n$ classes1 b are   
conf9$ to ! l[1 ignorant1 & sup]/iti\s  
classes1 :o h n s5se or intellig5ce     
en\gh to p]ceive ! diff]5ce betwe5 !    
religion !y are conv]t$ to1 & t :i* !y  
are conv]t$ f4 ,& ! ef=t to conv]t !    
,mahom$ans1 ,*9ese1 ,p]sians1 & !       
disciples ( o!r religions has be5 att5d$
 ) ! same fruitless results--all seem+  
to w>rant ! conclusion t ,god c d b     
little t[>d conv]t+ any nation to       
,*ri/ianity :i* has always be5 bias$ 9  
favor ( ano!r religion4 ,! reason :y p  
are s easily conv]t$ f "o sect to ano!r 
9 ,*ri/ian c\ntries is ow+ to ! fact t  
_! religi\s convictions are unsettl$4 ,!

 memb]s ( ! diff]5t ,*ri/ian sects are  
all mix$ up toge!r 9 ! v>i\s settlem5ts 
?r\gh\t ! c\ntry1 & are br\ght 9 daily  
contact ) ea* o!r 9 ! busy sc5es ( life4
  ,h5ce ! *ildr5 h ! se$s ( ,me?odism1  
,presbyt]ianism1 ,bapti/ism1 ,quak]ism1 
& v>i\s o!r isms implant$ 9 _! m9ds 9 v 
e>ly life4 ,& :i* "o ( ^! w ultimately  
pr$om9ate dep5ds ^u :at prie/ !y fall   
victims to fir/4 ,hav+ ?us ! g]ms ( s _m
 religi\s isms implant$ 9 _! m9ds1 !y   
are easily %ift$ ab\t1 & conv]t$ f "o   
sect to ano!r4 ,& ?is %uttlecock process
 is call$ gett+ religion1 :ile1 if !y _h
 liv$ 9 a c\ntry :]e only "o =m (       
religion exi/s1 !y w\ld be z h>d to     
conv]t z ,mahom$ans & ,h9doos4          
,rep5tance4--,mu* importance is atta*$  
by ! or?odox *ur*es to ! act ( gett+    
religion 9 ! dy+ h\r1--call$ dea?-b$    
rep5tance1--z if ! p]son 7 bett] capable
 ( discrim9at+ betwe5 "r & wrong :5 8   
bra9 is d]ang$ ) fev]1 & 8 :ole sy/em   
rack$ ) disease & pa91 ?an :5 9 heal?4  
,su* rep5tance c d no?+ m ?an prove !   

hone/y ( ! dy+ man or woman4 ,= v (t5 _!
 doctr9es1 or religi\s belief1 w be f\nd
 no ne>] "r1 & sometimes m errone\s aft]
 rep5tance ?an be=e1 z rep5tance m]ely  
consi/s 9 ! return to e>ly              
impressions--! revival ( =m]            
convictions1 :i* may be ei!r "r or      
wrong1 & are ab\t z likely to be ! latt]
 z ! =m]4 ,no in/ance c be f\nd ( a     
p]son condemn+ a wrong act1 or a wrong  
c\rse ( life1 9 8 dy+ mom5ts1 unless he 
_h previ\sly believ$ x to be wrong1 or  
if he _h always believ$ x to be "r4 ,h[ 
mu*1 !n1 does rep5tance d t[>d decid+   
:at is "r & :at is wrong8 ,mahom$anism  
we "k to be deeply fraught ) error1 b we
 nev] read nor he>d ( an in/ance ( ! _m 
millions :o _h be5 educat$ to believe x 
is "r1 condemn+ x on _! dea?-b$s1 or    
rep5t+ = n hav+ embrac$ ,*ri/ianity1 &  
l$ ! life ( a ,*ri/ian1 or = ador+      
,mahomet in/ead ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,on !   
contr>y we h a well-au!nticat$ in/ance (
 a ,mahom$an 7a ,mr4 ,m]ton7 :o _h      
embrac$ ,*ri/ianity1 & liv$ ! life ( a  

,*ri/ian = _m ye>s1 r5\nc+ x all1 &     
return+ to 8 primitive fai?1 :5 he 0    
tak5 sick & became appreh5sive he 0 go+ 
to die3 8 e>ly religi\s impressions1    
return+ involunt>ily1 wip$ out 8        
,*ri/ianity1 & he di$ glory+ 9          
,mahom$anism4 ,& we h an equally well   
au!nticat$ case ( an ,indian ( ! ,*octaw
 tribe1 :o _h be5 taught to believe f   
e>ly life t ! :ite man 0 8 natural      
enemy1 & t x 0 8 "r & duty to kill him1 
rep5t+ on 8 dea?-b$ = hav+ a %ort "t    
previ\sly neglect$1 :5 ! opportunity    
pres5t$1 to despat* a pale face he met 9
 8 travels4 ,in/ead ( kill+ him1 he     
yield$ = ! mom5t to ! impulse ( 8 bett] 
feel+s1 & pass$ him by4 ,b on review+ 8 
pa/ life at ! approa* ( dea?1 he came to
 ! conclusion he _h s9n$ 9 omitt+ to    
kill ?is man1 & he griev$ & lam5t$      
sorely ov] ?is d]eliction ( appreh5d$   
duty4 ,"h we h a case ( rep5tance       
sanction+ murd]4 ,mu/ we1 !re=e1        
conclude t murd] is morally "r1 or a    
righte\s act8 ,c]ta9ly1 accord+ to      

or?odox logic4  ,_! religi\s tracts     
assume t rep5tance is always = ! "r1 &  
is prima facie evid5ce ( be+ "r4 ,if n1 
:at does x prove1 or :at moral value is 
x8 ,accord+ to or?odox tea*+1 be+ a     
murd]] at he>t1 he 0 z consignable to   
p]dition z if he _h committ$ ! act4 ,!re
 is no escap+ ! conclusion1 !re=e1 t 8  
rep5tance l&$ him 9 hell1 or else proves
 murd] to be "r accord+ to or?odox      
logic4  ,we h kn[n ,quak]s to leave _!  
dy+ te/imony aga9/ wat] baptism2 &      
,bapti/s1 ) _! la/ brea?1 decl>e x is   
"r1 & a s9 to neglect x4 ,:i* is "r8 ,:o
 c tell8 ,we h also kn[n ,quak]s to     
condemn danc+ 9 _! dy+ h\rs1 b ,%ak]s   
nev]2 because "o _h be5 taught t x is   
wrong1 & ! o!r t x is "r4 ,& :i*        
te/imony mu/ we accept8 ,mahom$ans (t51 
:5 approa*+ ! conf9es ( "t1 rep5t       
7sometimes 9 te>s7 = n hav+ liv$ out m  
rigidly ! injunctions ( ! ,koran1 b nev]
 regret n hav+ be5 ,*ri/ians4 ,!y (t5   
call ^u ,mohamet to aid !m ?r\gh ! gates
 ( dea?3 b n "o ( ! million :o die e ye>

 ev] calls ^u ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,:at1 !n1   
does su* a conflict+ j>gon ( dea?-b$    
rep5tance prove8 ,:at good c gr[ out (  
x1 or :at moral value c possibly atta*  
to x8 ,x e/abli%es simply two           
pr9ciples1--  #a/4 ,t rep5tance gr[s out
 ( education4  #b;d4 ,t x dep5ds        
entirely ^u previ\s convictions z to :at
 x may sanction1 & :at x may condemn4   
,no ,*ri/ian ev] rep5ts 9 favor (       
,mahom$an-ism2 & no ,mahom$an ev] lifts 
up 8 dy+ voice 9 favor ( ,*ri/ianity z  
be+ sup]ior to 8 own religion2 & no     
,h9doo has ev] be5 kn[n to indulge 9    
dea?-b$ lam5tation = n hav+ previ\sly   
embrac$ ei!r ,*ri/ianity or             
,mahom$anism2 because _! e>li] education
 nev] turn$ _! m9ds 9 t direction4 ,!   
m9d has to be educat$ ov] aga9 be=e x c 
embrace a new religion1 or ev5 condemn a
 wrong act1 :i*1 up to t p]iod1 x _h    
always believ$ to be "r4  ,h5ce x is    
evid5t rep5tance may lead a p]son to    
condemn :at is "r & sanction :at is     
wrong4 ,h[ pr(\ndly ignorant ( religi\s 

hi/ory & m5tal sci5ce mu/ ^? p]sons     
!re=e be :o atta* any importance to ^?  
diseas$ & (t5 incoh]5t utt]ances1 call$ 
dea?-b$ recantations1 or :o believe a ?+
 ! soon] because sanction$ by a dy+ man 
or woman1 or t !y d any?+ t[>d prov+ :at
 is "r or :at is wrong ) respect to ei!r
 our belief or our moral conduct6 ,& yet
 we f9d ! or?odox *ur*es pr9t+ e ye>1   
?r\gh _! tract societies1 /ories (      
dea?-b$ rep5tance 9 tract =m1 & scatt]+ 
!m ov] ! c\ntry by ! million4 ,z !y     
prove no?+ b ! hone/y ( ! dy+ man or    
woman1 !y are n wor? ! pap] on :i* !y   
are pr9t$4  ,! ph5om5on ( rep5tance is  
simply ! op]ation ( a natural law1 by   
:i* ! la/ impressions made ^u ! m9d are 
g5]ally cancell$ f ! memory fir/1 by !  
progress ( fev] & disease1 ?us leav+ !  
e>li] impressions to rule ! judgm5t4 ,! 
p]son is !n virtually a *ild1 controll$ 
by 8 e>ly y\?ful convictions1 ) :i*1 if 
8 late belief & conduct disagree1 x     
causes a m5tal conflict1 call$          
rep5tance4 ,?us1 in/ead ( be+ !         

visitation ( ,god1 z ,*ri/ians claim1   
rep5tance is %[n to be ! product (      
natural causes4 ,! conclusion is ?us    
e/abli%$ beyond dispro(1 t ! m5tal      
processes call$ conv]sion1 rep5tance1 & 
gett+ religion are simply natural       
psy*ological op]ations1 dep5d+ ^u       
education1 organization1 & intellig5ce4 
,!y dep5d also ^u intellect & sci5tific 
k4 ,= p]sons ( l>ge intellectual bra9s1 
or ext5sive sci5tific culture1 nev] fall
 victims to ^! m5tal d]angem5ts4 ,h5ce  
^? prie/s :o claim ,god z _! au?or are  
ei!r deplorably & inexcusably ignorant1 
or lack+ 9 moral hone/y4     ,,*apt]    
,,xliv4 ,,! ,,moral ,,lessons ,,(       
,,religi\s ,,hi/ory4  #a4 ,! mo/        
important lesson d$ucible f all !       
religi\s sy/ems1 commemorat$ 9 hi/ory1 &
 notic$ 9 ?is "w1 is1 t all religi\s    
conceptions1 :e!r 9 ! %ape ( doctr9e1   
precept1 prophecy1 pray]1 religi\s      
devotion1 or a belief 9 miracles1 are a 
spontane\s outgr[? ( ! moral & religi\s 
elem5ts ( ! human m9d4 ,& to assign !m a

 high] orig9 is to ignore ! developm5ts 
( mod]n sci5ce1 & insult ! highe/       
intellig5ce ( ! age4  #b4 ,f ! elevat$  
sci5tific plane occupi$ by ! mo/        
enlight5$ portion ( ! pres5t age1 !re is
 no difficulty 9 f9d+ a satisfactory    
solution = e ev5t1 e occurr5ce1 & e     
p]=mance record$ 9 any ( ! num]\s bibles
 :i* h long be5 afloat 9 ! _w1 & :i* h  
always con/itut$ ! sole basis = ! claim 
to a div9e orig9 ( all ! religi\s sy/ems
 ( ! pa/2 s t su* a claim c be no long] 
v9dicat$ by hi/orically intellig5t p4   
#c4 ,we h %[n 9 ?is "w t all ! miracul\s
 incid5ts relat$ 9 ! hi/ory ( ,jesus    
,*ri/ z a pro( ( 8 div9ity c f9d a m    
rational explanation ?an t :i* assigns  
!m to div9e ag5cy4 ,"s ( !m are n[ kn[n 
to lie )9 ! natural capacity ( ! human  
m9d to a*ieve1 o!rs are expla9$ by      
rec5tly discov]$ natural laws4 ,ano!r   
class are n[ well und]/ood m5tal or     
n]v\s ph5om5a4 ,o!r /ories1 n[ reg>d$ by
 ! ,*ri/ian _w z ref]r+ to miracul\s    
a*ievem5ts1 7 probably design$ by !     

writ] z m]e fable or metaphor4 ,all !   
ev5ts 9 ,*ri/'s hi/ory1 we h %[n1 are   
susceptible ( a hundr$ fold m rational  
explanation ?an t :i* reg>ds !m z !     
feats ( a ,god 9 violation ( 8 own laws4
  #d4 ,we h also %[n t ! same m>vel\s   
incid5ts n[ f\nd incorporat$ 9 ! ,gospel
 hi/ory ( ,jesus ,*ri/ 7 relat$ long    
previ\sly z a "p ( ! sacr$ hi/ory ( o!r 
,gods2 su* z be+ miracul\sly conceiv$ & 
born ( a virg92 born on ! #be? (        
,decemb]2 visit$ 9 infancy by angels &  
%eph]ds2' ?reat5$ by ! rul] ( ! c\ntry2 
be+ ( royal l9eage2 receiv+ ! same div9e
 titles2 p]=m+ ! same miracles1 c4  ,9 a
 ^w1 we h %[n t v>i\s hea!n ,gods &     
,demigods _h1 long be=e ,*ri/'s adv5t1  
fill$ ! same *apt] 9 hi/ory n[ report$ (
 him 9 ! ,*ri/ian ,new ,te/am5t4 ,all ^!
 /ories ( ! hea!n ,gods prove z         
conclusively z any sci5tific problem c  
be demon/rat$ by figures1 t ! same      
/ories relat$ ( ,jesus ,*ri/ h no o!r   
f\ndation ?an t ( hea!n tradition4 ,& w 
! ,*ri/ian _w1 !n1 h]eaft] /ultify _!   

common s5se by ignor+ ^! facts ( hi/ory 
s fatal to _! claims8 ,pa/ hi/ory po9ts 
to an affirmative answ] to ?is "q1 z we 
w illu/rate4  ,9 ! e>ly hi/ory ( ?is    
c\ntry1 sev]al reports 7 publi%$ ( %[]s 
( blood be+ se5 to fall 9 "s ( !        
sea-coa/ /ates1 :i* 7 reg>d$ z a div9e  
judgm5t4 ,b ! use ( ! telescope reveal$ 
! fact t x 0 ! ordure ( butt]flies1 z ^?
 insects 7 se5 at ! "t 9 va/ sw>ms4 ,b !
 dev\t ,*ri/ian1 ^: fai? 9 8 religion   
has always be5 pro( aga9/ !             
demon/rations ( sci5ce1 w\ld give x up4 
,he w\ld n accept ! butt]fly            
explanation1 b cont9u$ to tea* 8 *ildr5 
t x came f ,god out ( heav5 z a         
manife/ation ( displeasure t[>d ! s9s ( 
! p4 ,& x n[ rema9s to be se5 :e!r      
,*ri/ian pr(essors at ! pres5t day w    
manife/ a simil> folly by /&+ out aga9/ 
! demon/rat$ tru?s & facts ( ?is "w4    
#e4 ,we "h cite x z ! la/ & mo/ sorr[ful
 lesson ( hi/ory1 t no facts1 no pro(s1 
no demon/rations ( sci5ce c eradicate   
religi\s errors f ! human m9d1 if       

in/ill$ 9 e>ly life1 & nev] di/urb$ till
 ! possessor arrives at mature age or   
middle life4     ,,*apt] ,,xlv4         
,,conclusion ,,& ,,review4  ,,9 writ+ ! 
conclud+ *apt] ( ?is "w1 ! au?or deems x
 prop] to re-/ate "s po9ts1 & elaborate 
o!rs1 & anticipate "s objections to "s (
 ! positions advanc$4 ,ea* division ( ! 
subject w be m>k$ by a sep>ate figure1 &
 treat$ 9 a brief & succ9ct mann]1 z    
foll[s3--  #a4 ,sev]al p]sons1 :o exam9$
 ?is "w be=e x w5t to press1 h express$ 
! op9ion t x mu/ ex]t a p[]ful influ5ce 
9 ! way ( produc+ an entire revolution 9
 ! religion ( or?odox ,*ri/5dom soon] or
 lat]4 ,b ?is mu/ ( c\rse be ! "w ( "t1 
z moral revolutions are n ! "w ( a day4 
,:5 ! human sy/em has be5 long pro/rat$ 
) *ronic disease1 no sy/em ( m$ication c
 re/ore x at once to heal?4 ,! same     
pr9ciple gov]n+ ! m9d makes x morally   
impossible to eradicate its deeply-seat$
 moral & religi\s errors 9 a day by ev5 
! pres5tation ( ! mo/ p[]ful & conv9c+  
tru?s & demon/rations t c be br\ght to  

be> or op]ate ^u ! human judgm5t4 ,! m9d
 in/9ctively repels ev]y?+ 7no diff]5ce 
h[ true or h[ beautiful7 t conflicts )  
its long-e/abli%$ op9ions & convictions4
 ,! fires ( tru? usually require mu* "t 
to burn _! way ?r\gh ^? incru/ations (  
moral & religi\s error :i* (t5 environ !
 human m9d z ! products ( a false       
education4 ,b :5 !y once ent]1 ! "w (   
conv9cem5t is complete4  #b4 ,x has be5 
/at$ t ! resemblance betwe5 ,*ri/ianity 
& ! m anci5t hea!n sy/ems is complete & 
absolute ?r\gh\t 9 all _! ess5tial      
doctr9es1 & pr9ciples1 & precepts4 ,& if
 x %all be f\nd1 on a critical read+ (  
?is "w aft] x comes f ! press1 t !re is 
"o feature ( ,*ri/ianity :i* has n be5  
trac$ to pagan orig91 or t any po9ts (  
resemblance h be5 omitt$1 !y w be       
suppli$ 9 an app5dix4  #c4 ,x has be5   
/at$ t a transfiguration is relat$ (    
,*ri%na ( ,india 7#abjj ,b4 ,c47 9 !    
,h9doo bible 7! ,baghavat ,gita71 :i* is
 /rik+ly simil> to t ( ,*ri/4 ,we w "h  
pres5t ! pro(4 ,ab&on+ ! mortal =m1 he  

7,*ri%na7 appe>$ to 8 disciples 9 all ! 
div9e eclat ( 8 ,div9e ,maje/y1 8 br[   
encircl$ ) su* a brilliant light t      
,adj\ma & ! o!r disciples1 unable to be>
 x1 fell ) _! faces 9 ! du/1 & pray$ !  
,"l 7,*ri%na7 to p>don _! unwor?9ess4   
,he repli$1 ',h y n fai? 9 me8 ,"k ye n1
 t :e!r pres5t or abs5t 9 body1 ,i w be 
ev] pres5t ) y to gu>d & protect y8'    
7,gaghavat ,gita47 ,h[ rem>kable ?is to 
! /ory ( ,*ri/'s transfiguration6  #d4  
,"s read]s1 p]haps1 w be surpris$ to    
obs]ve t we h nam$ s _m crucifi$ gods to
 :om "s writ]s assign a diff]5t dea?4 ,b
 we h foll[$1 z we believe1 ! be/       
au?orities 9 do+ s4  #e4 ,9 our "w1 ,!  
,bibles ( ,bibles1 we h %[n t ! score ( 
bibles :i* h be5 extant 9 ! _w tea*     
ess5tially ! same doctr9es1 pr9ciples1 &
 precepts4 ,!re are to be f\nd 9 ! old  
pagan bibles ! same gr& & beautiful     
tru?s mix$ up ) ! same m9d-enslav+      
errors & delet]i\s sup]/itions z ^?     
conta9$ 9 ! ,*ri/ian bible4 ,& ! same   
exalt$ claim is set up by ! disciples ( 

ea* = _! respective holy books--t ( be+ 
a direct revelation f ,god1 & inspir$ at
 ! f\nta9 ( inf9ite wisdom4 ,& all 7    
exalt$1 ador$1 & idoliz$ by _!          
respective admir]s1 z conta9+ a p]fect  
embodim5t ( tru?1 )\t any admixture (   
error4 ,! anci5t ,p]sians c>ri$ _!      
bibles 9 _! bosoms1 & read !m & pray$   
ov] !m daily4 ,! ,h9doos (t5 read _!    
bible ?r\gh on _! b5d$ knees1 &         
sometimes committ$ x all to memory4 ,!  
,baghavat has ! foll[+ text3 ,! mo/     
important ( all duties is to /udy !     
,holy ,scriptures1 :i* is ! ^w ( ,brahma
 & ,*ri%na1 reveal$ to ! _w4 ,"s ( !    
,mahom$ans claim t immortal life c only 
be obta9$ by read+ ! ,koran1 & t ! read+
 ( x is ess5tial to ! progress &        
practice ( good morals1 & ! advancem5t (
 civilization2 & t x w ultimately re=m &
 civilize ! _w4 ,bo? !y & ! ,h9doos1 l !
 ,*ri/ian _w1 h num]\s comm5t>ies1      
expla9+ ! obscure texts ( _! bibles1 &  
aim+ to reconcile _! tea*+s ) reason &  
sci5ce4 ,& ! disciples ( all bibles _h a

 mode ( do+ away ) ! immoral tea*+s1 &  
conceal+ ! wor/ features ( _! sacr$     
books by be/[+ on !m a spiritual mean+1 
z ,*ri/ians d !irs1 ?us dress+ up error 
9 ! guise ( tru?4 ,! ,h9doo bible1 !    
,mahom$an bible1 & o!r holy books1      
consign ^? :o disbelieve 9 _! tea*+s to 
et]nal damnation1 d5\nc+ !m z infidels4 
,9 ?is respect1 also1 !y are l !        
,*ri/ian's bible4  #f4 ,b !n1 aft] all  
7z "s good pi\s ,*ri/ian w probably     
exclaim aft] read+ ?is "w71 ! bible &   
,*ri/ianity are ess5tial to ! progress (
 good morals1 & ! advancem5t ( ! cause (
 civilization1 & ! civiliz$ _w w\ld s9k 
into a /ate ( hea!n d>kness1            
demoralization1 & savagism )\t !m2 = e  
enlight5$ nation owes its pres5t moral &
 intellectual greatness to ! ,*ri/ian   
bible & ! ,*ri/ian religion1 & w\ld     
relapse into b>b>ism )\t !m4 ,?is is a  
mi/ake1 a mo/ egregi\s mi/ake1 my good  
bro!r ,*ri/ian1 z ! foll[+ facts (      
hi/ory w %[3--  #a4 ,!re are hea!n      
nations n[ exi/+ :o nev] saw a bible1 & 

o!rs :i* fl\ri%$ 9 ! pa/1 be=e our bible
 0 writt51 :o nev]!less atta9$ to a     
high] /ate ( morals1 & a high] /ate (   
civilization 9 "s respects1 ?an any     
,*ri/ian nation kn[n to hi/ory4 ,a :ole 
volume ( facts might be adduc$1 if we _h
 space = !m1 drawn f ! able/ & mo/      
reliable au?orities1 to prove t ,india1 
,egypt1 ,greece1 & o!r c\ntries _h rea*$
 a high /ate ( civilization c5turies    
be=e ,*ri/ianity or any ( its f\nd]s 7  
ev5 heat'd (1 or made _! appe>ance 9 !  
_w4 ,india 0 di/+ui%$ = h] team+1 h]    
laws1 h] legislation1 h] civil c\rts1 h]
 judicial tribunals1 h] a/ronom]s1 h]   
poets1 h] philosoph]s1 h] writ]s1 h]    
morali/s1 h] libr>ies1 h] m5 (          
lit]ature1 & h] good morals be=e ,moses 
0 f\nd 9 ! bulru%es4  ,jacolliot says1  
,india gave civilization to ! _w4 ,egypt
 borr[$ ( ,india1 ! ,greeks ( !         
,egyptians1 & ! ,jews & ,*ri/ians are   
indebt$ to ! ,greeks = bo? _! morals &  
_! civilization4 ,dubois1 a ,*ri/ian    
mission>y1 9 8 ,memoirs ( ,india1       

te/ifies t k9dness1 ju/ice1 humanity1   
good fai?1 compassion1 dis9t]e/$ness1 & 
9 fact ne>ly all ! moral virtues1 7     
famili> to ! anci5t ,brahmans & ,h9doos1
 & !y taught !m bo? by precept &        
example4 ,c z mu* be said ( any ,*ri/ian
 nation8 ,c]ta9ly n4 ,& ! ,rev4 ,d4 ,o4 
,all5 says !y 7 di/+ui%$ = all ! arts & 
ref9em5t ( civiliz$ life--?us plac+ !m  
on ! highe/ plane ( civilization & moral
 elevation4 ,& o!r nations might be     
ref]r$ to4 ,egypt _h h] va/ temples (   
sci5ce1 ,*aldea h] a/ronomical          
obs]vatories1 & ,greece h] di/+ui%$     
academies ( le>n+1 h] pr(\nd            
philosoph]s1 & h] high-ton$ moral writ]s
 & moral tea*]s1 :ile ! ,jews1 ,god's   
holy p4 7 9 a /ate ( semib>b>ism4 ,s    
affirms ! ,rev4 ,alb]t ,b>nes4  #b4 ,no 
advancem5t has (t5 be5 made 9 morals or 
civilization 9 any c\ntry by !          
introduction ( ! ,*ri/ian bible or !    
,*ri/ian religion4 ,x is ! arts &       
sci5ces :i* accompany or foll[ ! bible  
:i* d ! "w4 ,a pro( ( ?is /atem5t is    

f\nd 9 ! fact1 t no improvem5t takes    
place 9 ! morals ( ! p by ! introduction
 ( ! bible till ! arts & sci5ces are    
also introduc$ among/ !m4 ,on ! contr>y1
 ! morals ( _m det]iorate by read+ !    
bible alone1 because x sanctions z well 
z condemns e species ( crime !n kn[n to 
society4 7,= pro( see ,*ap4 ,,xxxix4 (  
?is "w47 ,t ,india has become corrupt$ &
 sunk 9 morals s9ce ! introduction ( !  
,*ri/ian bible1 is admitt$ by ! ,rev4   
,d4 ,o4 ,all51 = tw5ty-five ye>s a      
mission>y 9 t c\ntry4 ,b sci5ce1        
especially moral sci5ce1 imp>ts a       
diff]5t influ5ce4 ,x expla9s ! nature ( 
crimes1 & tea*es & demon/rates t a life 
( hone/y & virtue c alone produce true &
 real happ9ess1 :ile ! bible augm5ts !  
temptation to commit s9 by tea*+ t x is 
a sweet morsel to be roll$ "u ! tongue1 
& t its punitive effects may be entirely
 escap$ by an act ( div9e =giv5ess4 ,b  
sci5ce1 ei!r directly or by ! enlight5+ 
( ! m9d1 tea*es & conv9ces ! wrong-do] t
 !re is no escape f ! evil effects ( a  

wrong or wick$ act1 & t s9 is n a sweet 
morsel1 b ultimately a bitt] pill4 ,&   
?us x arre/s ! demoraliz+ effects ( ?is 
p]nici\s doctr9e ( ! ,*ri/ian bible4    
#c4 ,x may />tle "s ( ! bible devotees  
to be told t _! sacr$ book1 in/ead ( be+
 a prompt] to civilization & good       
morals1 is really a h9drance to ^? ends2
 & t consequ5tly nations )\t bibles     
advance fa/] 9 ^! respects ?an ^? :o are
 well suppli$ ) ?is book4 ,b ! facts (  
hi/ory seem to e/abli% ?is z a fact4 ,z 
a pro( we w contra/ ! pres5t condition (
 hea!n ,japan ) t ( ,*ri/ian ,abyss9ia4 
,colonel ,hall & ,dr4 ,oliphant bo?     
te/ify t no drunk5ness1 no fight+1 no   
qu>rel+1 no !fts1 no robb]ies1 no rapes1
 no =nication1 no dome/ic feuds or      
broils1 & no fraudul5t deal+ take place 
9 ,japan4 ,no locks or keys are us$1 =  
none are ne$$4 ,!re is no disposition to
 /eal1 or ev5 to *eat1 or ov]rea* 9     
deal+4 ,b 9 ,*ri/ian ,abyss9ia1 on ! o!r
 h&1 accord+ to ,mr4 ,goodri*1 :]e      
bibles & *ur*es are num]\s1 & prea*+ &  

pray+ are he>d e day1 ne>ly all ! crimes
 above enum]at$ are daily committ$4 ,! p
 g nak$1 eat raw fle%1 *eat1 lie1 &     
murd]1 & practice polygamy4 ,su* a ?+ z 
a legitimate *ild1 he tells u1 is n     
kn[n4 ,& ?us x has be5 = fifte5 hundr$  
ye>s1 :ile 9 ! daily practice ( read+ _!
 bible4 ,! arts & sci5ces h nev] be5    
introduc$ among/ !m4 ,& ?is fact expla9s
 ! cause ( _! cont9u$ moral degradation4
  #d4 ,accord+ to ,noah ,web/]1 !       
cultivation ( ! arts & sci5ces is       
ess5tial to ! progress ( civilization & 
good morals4 ,b bible religion kn[s no?+
 ab\t ! arts & sci5ces4 ,x don't ev5 use
 ! words4 ,paul uses ! ^w sci5ce only   
once1 & !n to condemn x4 ,b ,jesus omits
 any allusion to sci5ce1 philosophy1 or 
natural law4 ,s ?or\ghly conv9c$ 7 !    
e>ly disciples ( ! ,*ri/ian fai? t !    
tea*+s ( _! bible are inimical to ! arts
 & sci5ces1 t !y de/roy$ works ( art    
:]ev] !y c\ld f9d !m1 & oppos$ ) a      
deadly aim e new discov]y 9 ! sci5ces4  
#e4 ,z bibles repres5t only ! morals &  

/ate ( society 9 ! age 9 :i* !y are     
writt51 & are n all[$ to be alt]$ or    
transc5d$1 !y ?us hold _! disciples back
 9 all com+ "t1 & compel !m to tea* &   
practice ! morals ( t semi-b>b>\s age z 
f\nd taught 9 _! bibles4 ,& ?us bibles  
prev5t ! moral gr[? ( ! p z effectually 
z ! ,*9ese wood5 %oes prev5t ! gr[? ( ! 
feet4 ,= a full] exposition ( ?is matt]1
 see ,! ,bible ( ,bibles1 ,*ap4 ,,xiv4  
,,notes   ,,note ,,( ,,explanation4  ,9 
,*apt] ,,xxxi4 we h trac$ ,*ri/ianity to
 ,ess5ism4 ,?is may ne$ a full]         
explanation ?an we h yet devot$ to ?is  
po9t1 ?\gh we h /at$ sev]al times we    
consid] !m ess5tially "o4 ,! ,ess5es _h 
_! ,exot]ic & _! ,esot]ic doctr9es4 ,!  
latt]1 :i* seems to h includ$ !         
inc>nation atonem5t1 tr9ity1 & all ! o!r
 ,budhi/ doctr9es z set =? 9 ,*apt]     
,,xxxii4 7& n[ includ$ 9 ! t]m          
,*ri/ianity71 !y nev] publi%$ to ! _w4  
,h5ce ,*apt] ,,xxxi4 sets =? only _!    
,exot]ic doctr9es4 ,b z ,philo1 ,milman1
 ,tytl]1 & o!r em95t au?ors %[ !y held  

all ! doctr9es ( ,budhism1 we assume !y 
7 a ,budhi/ sect ,h5ce1 :5 we speak (   
,*ri/ianity gr[+ out ( ,budhism1 9      
,*apt] ,,xxxii41 we mean ,budhism "u !  
"n ( ,ess5ism4 ,we believe ,*ri/ianity  
is f ,ess5ism & ,budhism bo?1 because !y
 are ess5tially "o2 & t ,*ri/ianity is  
m]ely a cont9uation ( ,budhism z taught 
by ! ,ess5ian sect ( ,budhi/s4 ,h5ce we 
h sometimes us$ ! t]m ,ess5ism1 &       
sometimes ! t]m ,budhism1 z be+ ! f\nta9
 head ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,we h /at$ ,*ri/   
may h be5 an ,ess5e ei!r by bir? or by  
conv]sion4 ,b our conviction n[ is1 t he
 0 "o by bir?4 ,& we n[ ?9k x probable t
 t portion ( ! ,jewi% nation :i* became 
kn[n z ,ess5es sprang up 9 ! ,budhi/    
s*ool ( ,py?agoras1 9 ,alex&ria1 9 !    
second or ?ird c5tury be=e ,*ri/1 & ?us 
became ,ess5ian ,budhi/s2 i4 e41 a sect 
( ,jewi% ,budhi/s :o call$ !mselves     
,ess5es4 ,& consequ5tly1 nei!r ,*ri/ nor
 8 disciples made any *anges 9 !        
,ess5ian religion1 :5 !y *ang$ its "n to
 ,*ri/ianity1 except to +raft a few     

unimportant t5ets borr[$ f ! pr9cipal   
,budhi/ sect ,we are n[ conv9c$ t       
,ess5ism 0 complete ,budhism1 t ,*ri/ 0 
born ( ,ess5e p>5ts1 & t no important   
*anges 7 made by dropp+ ! t]m ,ess5ism1 
& adopt+ ! t]m ,*ri/ianity 9 its place4 
,,note ,,to ,,page #agh4  ,x may n be   
improp] to expla9 m fully ! reason = !  
op9ion express$ on page #agh1 t !       
,gospel writ] ,john did n believe t     
,*ri/ fir/ came into exi/5ce ?r\gh human
 bir?1 b believ$ t he1 l "s ( ! ori5tal 
,gods1 0 ,! ,^w p]sonifi$1 )\t ! process
 ( bir?2 ?\gh he may1 l ! hea!n         
ori5tali/s1 h *]i%$ ! tradition t !     
second ,god 9 ! tr9ity 7z he repres5ts  
,*ri/ to be71 aft] hav+ sprung into     
exi/5ce z ,! ,^w 0 subsequ5tly subject$ 
to human bir?4 ,ei!r s1 or else 8       
allusion to ! "m ( ,*ri/ 0 done 9       
condesc5sion to ! g5]al belief among !  
p1 t he _h a human "m4 ,be t z x may1 he
 decl>es1 ',8 ,^w 0 made fle% 7,john i4 
#ad72 ne>ly ! same language us$ by !    
ori5tali/s1--:i* ) !m did n imply human 

bir?4 ,& ! decl>ation1 ,all ?+s 7 made  
by him 7,john i4 #c71 is pro( positive  
he believ$ 9 ,*ri/'s exi/5ce z !        
creator1 be=e 8 human bir?4 ,mu* (      
,john's language is s /rik+ly simil> to 
t employ$ by ! disciples ( "s ( !       
ori5tal religions1 :o believ$ t a second
 ,god emanat$ f ! m\? ( ! ,supreme1 to  
p]=m ! act ( creation1 t we _c resi/ !  
conviction t ?is 0 ,john's belief2      
especially z _m ( !m believ$1 l him1 t  
?is creative ,^w became aft]w>d a       
subject ( human bir?4 ,?us1 z we        
conceive1 ! proposition is e/abli%$4    
,,note ,,to ,,page #cdf4  ,our mo/      
reliable au?orities te/ify t ,babylon   
nev] 0 de/roy$1 b successfully resi/$1 =
 "o hundr$ & fifty ye>s aft] ,isaiah's  
"t1 _m ( ! mo/ p[]ful sieges1 & !       
mightie/ munitions ( w>1 conduct$ by    
sev5 ( ! mo/ skilful g5]als t ev] wield$
 ! sword--,cyrus1 ,d>ius1 ,alex&] !     
,great1 ,antigonus1 ,demetrius1         
,poliorcetes1 & ,antio*us4 ,%e !n       
gradually decl9$ by ! removal ( h]      

inhabitants to o!r & new] cities2 ?us   
falsify+ ! pr$iction ( ,j]emiah 7li4    
#h71 ,h] end has come1 & ( ,isaiah      
7xiii4 #bb71 ,h] days %all n be         
prolong$1 & t desolation %all come ^u h]
 9 a day1 & h] de/ruction %all be       
effect$ sudd5ly--all ( :i* are falsifi$ 
by ! facts j pres5t$4 ,& ev5 if ,babylon
 _h be5 de/roy$1 ! pres5t exi/5ce (     
,hillah1 built 9 #aaja ^u ! same spot1 )
 a population1 accord+ to ,well/ead1 (  
tw5ty-five ?\s&1 is a signal ov]?r[ (   
,j]emiah's prophecy1 t x %all become a  
wild]ness1 :]e9 no man dwelle? 7li4     
#dc71 & ( ,isaiah1 also1 t x %\ld n be  
dwelt 9 f g5]ation to g5]ation4 ,j]emiah
 fir/ pr$ict$ t h] sea & spr+s %\ld dry 
up 7li4 #ch71 & !n decl>$ ! waves ( !   
sea %\ld come ^u h] 7li4 #db72 & f9ally1
 t %e %\ld s9k to rise no m 7li4 #fd74  
,& ,isaiah's pr$iction ( ru9 &          
de/ruction includ$ ) ,babylon1 ! l& ( ! 
,*aldeans 7l4 #ci71 :i* 0 !n1 & is yet1 
a great comm]cial c\ntry1 ) an annual   
rev5ue at ?is "t1 accord+ to ,h>vey     

,brydges1 ( a million p\nds /]l+4 ,"h1  
!n1 is a long s]ies ( prophecies        
falsifi$4 ,our au?ority = say+ t ,hillah
 occupies ! site ( anci5t ,babylon is   
,malte-,brun's ,geography 7page #fee71  
:i* decl>es1 ,hillah is situat$ )9 !    
prec9cts ( ,babylon2 ?us prov+ x is n a 
wild]ness1 :]e9 no man dwelle?4 ,_h we  
space1 we %\ld pres5t an ext5d$ view ( !
 prophecies4