,copyright 7,c7 #bjaa by ,bruce ,l9nell ,note t an accompany+ ,,pdf file correctly displays ! ,engli% & ,*9ese *>act]s4 ,guanzi1 ,numb] #di 3 ,/udy ( ,inn] ,cultivation ,translat$ by ,bruce ,r4 ,l9nell1 ,ph,d 7#bjaa7 ,backgr\nd ---------- ,! ,nei ,ye or ,nei ,yeh1 v>i\sly translat$ z ,inn] ,ent]prise1 ,inn] ,tra9+1 ,inn] ,cultivation1 or ,inn] ,developm5t 7& ,inw>d may be sub/itut$ = ,inn] 9 any ( ! previ\s71 is g5]ally consid]$ to h be5 writt5 ar\nd #cej-cjj ,,bc 7aft] ,confucius1 b be=e ! ,dao ,de ,j+74 ,its influ5ce c be se5 9 _m aspects ( ,daoism 7includ+ ! ,dao ,de ,j+ itself7 & 9 traditional ,*9ese m$ic9e4 ,x is a brief "w 7only #a_/e z long z ! ,dao ,de ,j+71 writt5 9 %ort1 (t5 rhym$1 v]ses4 ,x has be5 pres]v$ 9 ! ,guanzi1 a collection ( div]se writ+s t 0 compil$ dur+ ! ?ird c5tury ,,bc4 ,!re is no "n giv5 = ! au?or4 ,:ile available = mill5nia1 ! ,nei ,ye has j />t$ to receive s]i\s s*ol>ly att5tion 9 ! la/ few decades4 ,x describes h[ to build up & /ore v>i\s spiritual =ces su* z ,qi & ess5ce 7!re is no indication t ess5ce ref]s to reproductive fluids1 :i* appe>$ lat] 9 ,*9ese ?\ght71 & h[ to control "o's he>t_/m9d4 ,x %[s no influ5ce ( any s*ool ( ,*9ese religi\s or philosophical ?\ght1 o!r ?an us+ a few basic ,confucian t]ms4 ,x does h a few concepts 9 common ) ! "w by ,m5cius1 b z !y 7 probably bo? writt5 ab\t ! same "t x is impossible to tell :o influ5c$ :o 7or if !y 7 bo? influ5c$ by some?+ else74 ,:ile ! ,nei ,ye has _m simil>ities1 includ+ writ+ /yle1 ) ! ,dao ,de ,j+1 x also diff]s significantly 9 its p]spective4 ,= in/ance1 !re is no social comm5t>y1 no political or milit>y advice1 nor any explanation ( h[ ! univ]se 0 creat$ or h[ x works4 ,!re is no m5tion ( y9 & yang1 non-action or non-be+1 nor does x advocate a fem99e_/receptive attitude4 ,x does n criticize ,confucianism1 nor does x pres5t ! sage z a p]son ) "s k9d ( bett] und]/&+ ( reality4 ,ev5 ! t]ms ,dao & ,de app>5tly don't mean ! same ?+ 9 ! ,nei ,ye z !y d 9 ! ,dao ,de ,j+ - = example1 bo? ,dao & ,de are describ$ 9 "s passages z be+ able to arrive & settle 9 a p]son4 ,!re are two s*ol>ly books t discuss ! ,nei ,ye at l5g? & provide complete translations 3 ,w4 ,allyn ,rickett1 ,guanzi 3 ,political1 ,economic1 & ,philosophical ,essays f ,e>ly ,*9a1 vol4 #b1 #aihe 7revis$ #aiih74 ,h>old ,d4 ,ro?1 ,orig9al ,tao3 ,inw>d ,tra9+ 7,nei-yeh7 & ! ,f\ndations ( ,taoi/ ,my/icism1 #aiii4 ,!re is also ano!r v rec5t translation available on ! web1 t is copyright-free z f> z ,i c det]m9e 3 ,rob]t ,eno1 ,guanzi 3 ,! ,inn] ,ent]prise1 #bjje www4indiana4edu_/p#cgd_/,neiye4pdf ,translations (t5 diff] significantly because !re are at lea/ five e>ly manuscripts to draw ^u1 dat+ f ar\nd #acjj to #afjj ,,ad4 ,9 addition1 ,*9ese s*ol>s 9 ! la/ few c5turies h made _m sugge/$ modifications to ! exi/+ orig9al s\rces4 ,attempt+ to rev]se c5turies ( possible transcription errors1 !y replac$ _m symbols :i* app>5tly make no s5se ) symbols t h a v simil> %ape &_/or s\nd 7(t5 to complete a rhyme71 & ^: mean+ seem$ m appropriate4 ,to make matt]s worse1 !re are no readily available pr9t$ copies ( ! olde/ manuscripts 9 _! orig9al =m1 s ! ,*9ese symbols us$ = ?is "w came f v>i\s web sites & 7 cross-ref]5c$ aga9/ ,ro?'s book 7bel[74 ,e c>e has be5 tak5 to ensure t ! symbols us$ "h are correct1 b h[ accurately !y mat* ! orig9al manuscripts is unkn[n4 ,! ,translation ,process ----------------------- ,(t51 translators j try to get ! g5]al feel ( :at ! ,*9ese is try+ to say1 & !n write an ,engli% s5t5ce t means ab\t ! same ?+4 ,:at ,i tri$ to d 7= no o!r reason ?an to see if x c\ld be done7 0 to pres]ve z mu* ( ! orig9al ,*9ese z possible by always us+ ea* symbol 9 ! ,engli% s5t5ce1 & an exact translation ( ea* symbol :]ev] possible1 ) z few add$ ,engli% words z possible4 ,?is sometimes results 9 s5t5ces t are some:at /ilt$ 9 ,engli%1 b t ,i hope reta9 m ( ! orig9al ,*9ese way ( ?9k+4 ,i also tri$ to use ! same ,engli% ^w = ! same ,*9ese symbol :5ev] possible1 s t ! ,engli% read] c\ld bett] see :at ! writ]7s7 7 try+ to say4 ,occasionally m ?an "o ,engli% mean+ = a symbol fits equally well1 & ! translator mu/ pick j "o4 ,h[ev]1 ,i sometimes took bo? mean+s & comb9$ !m into a s+le phrase1 su* z he>t_/m9d1 or fair & j4 ,exact translations are int]pret$ :5 !y ei!r don't make z mu* s5se lit]ally1 or :5 ! result+ phrase w\ld be awkw>d 9 ,engli%4 ,! approa* us$ "h = ! correct$ symbols 0 to always use ! orig9al symbol :5ev] possible1 & only use a sugge/$ correction :5 ! orig9al symbol makes no s5se4 ,:ile ,i orig9ally int5d$ to pres5t ea* s5t5ce z is 7) no additional int]pretation ( ! s5t5ce z-a-:ole on my "p71 !re are _m s5t5ces :i* d n seem to make s5se )\t a context4 ,! m ,i /udy ! ,nei ,ye1 ! m ,i h come to believe t x is talk+ ab\t align+ ! he>t_/m9d1 n ! physical body1 to receive ,dao1 ,de1 ,qi & ess5ce4 ,9 p>ticul>1 ,i believe t "s ref]5ces to =m are ref]r+ to ! =m ( ! he>t_/m9d 7a phrase :i* is us$ explicitly ?ree times71 & s h add$ t phrase 9 two m places1 indicat$ by brackets4 ,9 addition1 a c\ple ( ref]5ces to return+ are assum$ to be ref]r+ to return+ to "o's nature 7a phrase :i* is us$ explicitly once71 & !y are also indicat$ by brackets4 ,!re are a few m p]sonal assumptions indicat$ by brackets4 ,o!r s*ol>ly & p]sonal int]pretations are expla9$ 9 ! footnotes4 ,! section 7---7 & sub-section 7blank l9e7 divisions are entirely due to ! hubris ( ! translator4 ,z f> z ,i "k1 !re are no section m>k]s 9 ! orig9al manuscripts1 because ,rickett1 ,ro?1 & ,eno (t5 use diff]5t divisions4 ,def9itions ----------- ,"s ( ! t]ms t are us$ repeat$ly ne$ to be discuss$ be=eh& = cl>ity 3 ,dao 7,tao7 3 9 ! ,dao ,de ,j+1 ,dao is bo? ! natural way ( ?+s & ! process ( foll[+ t way2 "h1 x is some?+ t is ess5tial = life & t c dwell 9 ! he>t_/m9d2 x is left untranslat$ s t ! read]s may fill 9 ! blank = !mselves z !y read ,de 7,te7 3 9 ! ,dao ,de ,j+1 ,de is mo/ (t5 translat$ z virtue or p[] & is describ$ 9 ,*apt] #di z goodness or virtue & hone/y or tru/2 "h1 x is some?+ t c arrive 9 a p]son & is us$ daily2 x is also left untranslat$ s t ! read]s may fill 9 ! blank = !mselves ,qi 7,*'i7 3 vitality1 life =ce1 life en]gy1 vital en]gy2 x c also ref] to ! brea?2 "h1 x is ne$$ = life & dwells 9 ! he>t_/m9d1 & is also left untranslat$ ess5ce 3 ?is is also some?+ t c arrive & settle 9 a p]son1 & is requir$ = life ,x %\ld be not$ t ,qi & ess5ce are v intimately l9k$1 if n actually ref]r+ to ! exact same ?+ 7b !n :y use two names874 ,bo? ,qi & ess5ce are requir$ = life & c dwell )9 ! body1 & !re are l9es app>5tly ref]r+ to ! ess5ce ( ,qi & ! ,qi ( ess5ce4 ,x seems t ! ,nei ,ye may be say+ t ,dao1 ,de1 ,qi1 & ess5ce are all-p]vasive spiritual ?+s 7z oppos$ to concepts7 :i* are n inh]5tly )9 u1 b :i* c be obta9$ by tak+ 7& keep+7 c]ta9 m5tal_/emotional attitudes4 ,h[ev]1 x is also possible t ! ,nei ,ye is us+ ^! t]ms to attempt to expla9 by allegory & metaphor ! v>i\s feel+s exp]i5c$ z a result ( ! m$itative practices ( ! writ]7s74 ,accord+ to ,la,fargue1 ?is int]pretation is support$ by ! inconsi/5t def9itions giv5 ( ! v>i\s t]ms 7& ! relation%ips betwe5 !m71 & by ! sometimes exp]i5tially simil> descriptions ( diff]5t t]ms4 ,! read]s c decide = !mselves4 he>t_/m9d 3 usually translat$ z ei!r he>t or m9d 7! symbol means bo?71 x seems t ! anci5t ,*9ese may h consid]$ ! he>t to be ! place ( und]/&+1 p]ception1 & aw>5ess1 s he>t_/m9d seems to be ! be/ translation =m 3 ?is appe>s to sometimes ref] to ! physical body1 b (t5 n1 because ! =m ( ! he>t_/m9d is ref]r$ to sev]al times prop]ly align$ 3 lit]ally j prop] or correct1 ?is is tak5 to mean to br+ into a prop] or desirable relation%ip regulat$ 3 to be ord]ly1 well gov]n$1 "u control2 guid$ by c]ta9 rules or pr9ciples confus$ 3 ! opposite ( regulat$1 & ! normal /ate = mo/ p2 caus$ by gett+ caught up 9 ! t5 ?\s& ?+s1 love & ang]1 worry & happ9ess1 etc4 ?\ght1 int5t1 desire 3 reg>dless ( :at x is call$1 z f> z ! ,nei ,ye is conc]n$1 x is sometimes a good ?+1 sometimes a bad ?+2 x seems to be a mixture ( bo? ?\ght & feel+s 7simil> to he>t_/m9d72 int5t is p]haps be/ because t has connotations ( ?\ght & emotion1 b ?\ght & desire sometimes "w bett] 9 ,engli% equable 3 :ile ! symbol lit]ally means ev51 equal1 calm1 equable means to be /eady1 free f extremes1 s]5e2 n to be confus$ ) equitable 7unbias$7 settl$ 3 has connotations ( be+ calm z well z /able or root$ prop] value 3 lit]ally e/imate 7:i* is ! process ( judg+ ! wor? or value ( some?+71 ?is is tak5 to mean to h ! prop] p]spective ab\t ! importance ( a ?+ naturally 3 some?+ t happ5s by itself1 spontane\sly1 )\t be+ =c$ 7( itself1 ( its own accord1 on its own7 love 3 (t5 translat$ z happ9ess or joy by o!rs1 ?is seems to be happ9ess due to some?+ or atta*$ to some?+1 s "h x is translat$ z love heav5 3 a complex concept1 ?is symbol has connotations ( ! sky1 nature1 & t :i* is ! s\rce ( exi/5ce1 z well z t ( be+ a cele/ial god-l _s1 & t :i* controls our de/9ies ! _w 3 lit]ally heav5 "u1 x is p]haps bett] ?\ght ( z all ?+s "u heav51 b x is translat$ z ! _w because ! gramm> sometimes gets awkw>d us+ ! m accurate phrase heav5 & e>? 3 ev]y?+1 ! univ]se1 all t is t5 ?\s& creatures 3 t5 ?\s& z us$ "h does n ref] to a specific numb]1 b means innum]able or myriad2 toge!r ! symbols are p]haps bett] ?\ght ( z all creatures & ?+s 7includ+ p7 duties 3 "o's p]sonal & bus9ess affairs & responsibilities sage 3 lit]ally holy p]son or wise man always 3 ! fir/ symbol ( ! docum5t1 x is us$ _m times ?r\gh\t ! ,nei ,ye1 & always />ts a s5t5ce4 ,"s translators j ignore x1 b x seem$ important to ! writ]7s71 s ,i want$ to use x1 & consi/5tly4 ,! /&>d translation ( all or e works 9 "s places1 b n 9 _m4 ,ano!r /&>d translation ( e>?ly works ev]y:]e1 b s\nds /range :5 ref]r+ to ,dao 7e>?ly ,dao71 & w\ld seem to po/ulate a _w-view 7e>?ly ,dao vs4 p]haps heav5ly ,dao87 = :i* !re is no o!r evid5ce4 ,h[ev]1 an int]pret$ translation ( always works ev]y:]e4 ,confucian concepts 7m>k$ by a 99 9 ! translation7 ------------------ wise1 wisdom 3 z x says k9dness 3 b5evol5ce1 k9dhe>t$ness righte\sness 3 do+ ! "r ?+1 p]sonal honor1 kn[+ "r f wrong1 be+ morally upright propriety 3 prop] etiquette1 c\rtesy2 be+ =mal1 respectful respect 3 an inn] attitude ( respectfulness &_/or rev]5ce noble man 3 lit]ally son ( ! rul]1 x c mean nobleman 7"o :o belongs to ! nobility71 b also "o :o is noble or moral 9 "*2 sometimes translat$ by o!rs z g5tleman or sup]ior man ,ref]5ces ---------- ,rob]t ,eno1 ,guanzi 3 ',! ,inn] ,ent]prise'1 #bjje ,russell ,kirkl&1 ,neiye 3 ,inn] ,cultivation1 #aiih ,russell ,kirkl&1 ,v>ieties ( ,taoism 9 ,anci5t ,*9a1 #aiig ,mi*ael ,la,fargue1 ,tao & ,me?od1 #aiid ,w4 ,allyn ,rickett1 ,guanzi 3 ,political1 ,economic1 & ,philosophical ,essays f ,e>ly ,*9a1 vol4 #b1 #aihe ,h>old ,d4 ,ro?1 ,orig9al ,tao3 ,inw>d ,tra9+ 7,nei-yeh7 & ! ,f\ndations ( ,taoi/ ,my/icism1 #aiii ,fabi5 ,simonis1 ,a ,*9ese ,model ( ,cognition3 ! ,neiye1 ,ma/]'s ,!sis1 ,mc,gill ,univ]sity1 #aiih ,ar?ur ,waley1 ,! ,way & its ,p[]1 #aieh ,always 3 ! ess5ce ( creatures - ,?is !n makes !m live4 ,bel[1 x gives bir? to ! five gra9s2 ,above1 x acts to arrange ! />s4 ,:5 x fl[s 9 ! space betwe5 heav5 & e>? ,we call !m gho/s & spirits4 ,:5 x collects 9 ! c5t] ( ! brea/ ( p1 ,we call !m sages4 ,?us ! ,qi ( ! citiz5s 3 ,is x bright8 ,z ?\gh asc5d+ to heav54 ,is x d>k & quiet8 ,z ?\gh ent]+ into an abyss4 ,is x wide & spaci\s8 ,z ?\gh resid+ 9 ! ocean4 ,is x close,a8 ,z ?\gh resid+ 9 oneself4 ,?us ?is ,qi - ,c n be br\ght to re/ by us+ =ce1 ,b c be calm$ by us+ ,de4 ,c n be summon$ by us+ y\r voice1 ,b c be made welcome by us+ y\r int5t4 ,:5 y c respectfully99 ma9ta9 x1 & nev] lose x1 ,?is is call$ develop$ ,de4 ,:5 ,de develops1 & wisdom99 arises1 ,! b\nty ( ! t5 ?\s& creatures is atta9$4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ,always 3 ! =m ( ! he>t_/m9d is ,naturally full1 naturally ov]fl[+1 ,naturally born1 naturally complete4 ,! reason t y lose x ,is c]ta9ly due to worries & happ9ess1 love & ang]1 desire = pr(it4 ,if y c leave beh9d worries & happ9ess1 love & ang]1 desire = pr(it1 ,y\r he>t_/m9d !n returns to its orig9al nature successfully4 ,! nature ( t he>t_/m9d ,b5efits f calmness & ! tranquility t comes f x4 ,d n be tr\bl$1 d n be confus$1 ,& h>mony is !n naturally a*iev$4 ,is x v bright8 ,z ?\gh locat$ "r by y\r side4 ,is x v easy to ov]look8 ,z ?\gh x w nev] be atta9$4 ,is x v remote & indi/9ct8 ,z ?\gh utt]ly )\t b\nd>ies4 ,to exam9e ?is1 y ne$ n g f> 3 ,y use ,de daily4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ,n[ 3 ,dao is ! reason t ! =m ( ! he>t_/m9d is full6 ,b p c n be /rong en\gh to keep x - ,x goes & does n return1 ,x arrives b does n dwell4 ,is x sil5t8 ,!re is no "o :o c he> its s\nd4 ,is x close,a8 ,x is resid+ 9 ! he>t_/m9d4 ,is x v dim & obscure8 ,y c n see its =m4 ,is x v prolific8 ,x gives u all life4 ,y c n see its =m1 ,y c n he> its voice1 ,yet !re is an ord] to its accompli%m5ts4 ,we call x ,dao4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ,always 3 ,dao is n[h]e to be f\nd1 ,b 9 a virtu\s he>t_/m9d x c calmly dwell4 ,:5 ! he>t_/m9d is /ill & ,qi is regulat$1 ,dao c !n /ay !re4 ,t ,dao is n remote 3 ,citiz5s atta9 x by be+ born4 ,t ,dao does n dep>t 3 ,citiz5s rely on x = und]/&+4 ,?us 3 is x close,a8 ,z ?\gh x c\ld be ti$ toge!r ) y4 ,is x v m9ute & subtle8 ,z ?\gh x is utt]ly n[h]e to be f\nd4 ,! nature ( t ,dao ,dete/s ?\ghts & words ab\t x4 ,b :5 y cultivate y\r he>t_/m9d & /ill y\r ?\ghts1 ,dao c !n be atta9$4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ,dao - ,t :i* y\r m\? c n speak6 ,t :i* y\r eyes c n see6 ,t :i* y\r e>s c n he>6 ,x is ! reason t we cultivate ! he>t_/m9d & prop]ly align its,b =m6 ,t :i* :5 p lose1 ?us !y die4 ,t :i* :5 atta9$1 ?us !y are born6 ,t :i* :5 duties lose1 ?us !y fail4 ,t :i* :5 atta9$1 ?us !y are complet$6 ,always 3 ,dao is ,)\t root1 )\t /alk1 ,)\t leaves1 )\t fl[]s4 ,by means ( x ! t5 ?\s& creatures are born1 ,by means ( x ! t5 ?\s& creatures are made complete4 ,?is natural ord]1 x is call$ ,dao4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ,t :i* presides ov] ,heav5 is prop] alignm5t1 ,t :i* presides ov] ,e>? is equability1 ,t :i* presides ov] p is calmness & /illness4 ,spr+1 autumn1 w9t]1 summ] - ,! tim+ ( heav56 ,m\nta9s1 hills1 /reams1 valleys - ,! limbs ( ! e>?6 ,love1 ang]1 tak+1 giv+ - ,! s*emes ( ! p6 ,?us ! sage 3 ,takes "p 9 ! *ang+ ( ! seasons1 b is n trans=m$2 ,he att5ds to creatures1 b is n *ang$ by !m4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ,:5 y c be prop]ly align$ & c be /ill,c - ,!n1 y c be settl$4 ,) a settl$ he>t_/m9d 9 y\r c5t]1 ,y\r e>s & eyes are acute & cle>1 ,y\r f\r limbs are h>d & /rong1 ,y are able to become a dwell+ = ess5ce4 ,?is ess5ce - ,is ess5ce ( ,qi6 ,) ,qi & ,dao1 !n !re is life2 ,) life1 !n !re is contemplation2 ,) contemplation1 !n !re is und]/&+2 ,:5 y rea* und]/&+1 !n /op6 ,always 3 if ! =m ( ! he>t_/m9d ,has too mu* und]/&+1 life is lo/4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ,kn[+ ! ,on5ess,d ) creatures c trans=m !m1 ,we call ?is be+ _s-l,e4 ,kn[+ ! ,on5ess ) y\r duties c *ange !m1 ,we call ?is be+ wise994 ,to trans=m creatures1 )\t alt]+ y\r ,qi2 ,to *ange duties1 )\t alt]+ y\r wisdom992,f ,only a noble man99 :o ma9ta9s ,on5ess,g ,c d ?is6 ,:5 he ma9ta9s ,on5ess,g & does n lose x1 ,he c rule,h ! t5 ?\s& creatures4 ,a noble man99 uses creatures1 ,he does n all[ creatures to use,i him4 ,:5 he atta9s ! regulation ( ,on5ess 3 ,a regulat$ he>t_/m9d resides 9 8 c5t]1 ,regulat$ spee* comes f 8 m\?1 ,regulat$ duties are assign$ to p4 ,!n1 ! _w is regulat$6 ,"o ^w,j is atta9$ by him1 & ! _w obeys him2 ,"o ^w,j settles him1 & ! _w li/5s to him4 ,we call him fair & j6 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ,if ! =m ( ! he>t_/m9d is n prop]ly align$1 ,de w n arrive4 ,if ! c5t] is n /ill1 ,! he>t_/m9d w n be regulat$4 ,:5 ! prop]ly align$ =m takes 9 ,de1 ,! k9dness99 ( heav5 & ! righte\sness99 ( e>? ,!n naturally arrive1 & ov]:elm+ly4 ,?is highe/ ( _s-l und]/&+,k - ,is x illum9at+8 ,y w und]/& ! t5 ?\s& creatures4,l ,ma9ta9 ! righte\sness99 ( ! c5t]1 & y w n err 3 ,d n all[ creatures to confuse y\r s5ses1 ,d n all[ ! s5ses to confuse y\r he>t_/m9d4 ,?is is call$ atta9+ ! c5t]4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ,!re exi/s a _s-l und]/&+ naturally locat$ 9 ! self - ,"o mom5t x goes1 "o mom5t x arrives2 ,!re is no "o :o c contemplate x4 ,lose x & y w c]ta9ly be confus$1 ,atta9 x & y w c]ta9ly be regulat$4 ,respectfully99 empty its dwell+,m1 ,& ess5ce w naturally arrive4 ,?is ess5ce - consid] x & contemplate x1 ,r ?an /udy ways to regulate x4 ,keep+ a s]i\s appe>ance1 & an attitude ( awe & respect991 ,ess5ce w arrive & settle4 ,:5 y atta9 x & nev] let g ( x1 ,y\r e>s & eyes w be re/ra9$1 ,y\r he>t_/m9d w h no o!r plans4 ,) a prop]ly align$ he>t_/m9d locat$ 9 ! c5t]1 ,! t5 ?\s& creatures atta9 _! prop] value4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ,dao fills ! _w ,e place ! citiz5s are locat$1 ,b ! citiz5s c n und]/& ?is6 ,) ! lib]ation ( "o ^w,j 3 ,y\r head c obs]ve :at is 9 heav51 ,y\r l[e/ extreme is on e>?1 ,& y\r coils fill ! n9e prov9ces4,n ,:at does x mean to be lib]at$ by x8 ,y w reside 9 a calm he>t_/m9d4 ,i regulate my he>t_/m9d & my s5ses are !n regulat$2 ,i calm my he>t_/m9d & my s5ses are !n calm4 ,t :i* regulates !m is ! he>t_/m9d6 ,t :i* calms !m is ! he>t_/m9d6 ,! he>t_/m9d ?us conta9s a he>t_/m9d2 ,! c5t] ( ! he>t_/m9d also has a he>t_/m9d6 ,9 t he>t_/m9d ( ! he>t_/m9d 3 ,?\ght ?us comes be=e words2 ,aft] ?\ght comes =m2 ,aft] =m comes words2 ,aft] words comes manife/ation2 ,aft] manife/ation comes regulation4 ,)\t regulation1 !re w c]ta9ly be confusion2 ,confusion1 !n dea?4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ,:]e ess5ce exi/s1 !re is naturally life - ,outside y1 calmness fl\ri%es2 ,x collects inside y1 ?us act+ z a primal spr+4 ,l a va/ lake,o1 x is h>moni\s & equable4 ,x ?us becomes a f\nta9head ( ,qi4 ,z long z ! f\nta9head does n dry up1 ,! f\r limbs are !n /rong4 ,:5 ! spr+ is n us$ up1 ,! n9e bodily op5+s,p are !n op5 to ! fl[ ( ,qi4 ,!n y c span ! limits ( heav5 & e>?1 ,& cov] ! f\r seas,q4 ,:5 ! c5t] is )\t d\bt or desire1 ,! outside is )\t demonic disa/]s4 ,^? ^: he>t_/m9d is :ole & complete 9 ! c5t] 3 ,_! =m is :ole & complete on ! outside1 ,!y d n happ5 to meet heav5ly disa/]s1 ,!y d n enc\nt] p :o cause h>m - ,we call !m sages4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ,:5 p c be prop]ly align$ & /ill 3 ,_! hair & sk9 are abundant & smoo?1 ,_! e>s & eyes are acute & cle>1 ,_! muscles are supple & _! bones are /rong4 ,!n !y c support ! great circle ( heav51 ,& walk on ! great squ>e ( e>?4 ,!y are a reflection ( great purity1 ,!y see ) great cl>ity4 ,respectful99 & cauti\s1 !y are )\t error2 ,ea* day !y r5ew _! ,de4 ,!y und]/& ! :ole _w ,?or\ghly out to ! f\r extremes4 ,!y respectfully99 develop _! fullness2 ,?is is call$ inn] atta9m5t4 ,h[ev]1 if !y d n return to _! orig9al nature1 ,?is creates errors4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ,always 3 ,dao is ,c]ta9ly complete1 c]ta9ly all-p]vasive1 ,c]ta9ly magnanim\s1 c]ta9ly relax$1 ,c]ta9ly h>d1 c]ta9ly /rong4 ,ma9ta9 y\r virtue & nev] give up2 ,to pursue excess disp]ses & weak5s x4 ,once y und]/& ! extremes1 ,return to ,dao & ,de4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ,:5 y\r :ole & complete he>t_/m9d is 9 ! c5t]1 ,x c n be hidd5 or conceal$ - ,x is kn[n 9 y\r =m's appe>ance1 ,x is se5 9 y\r sk9's color4 ,:5 ) virtu\s ,qi y meet p1 ,!y w love y z !y w\ld _! bro!rs4 ,:5 ) wick$ ,qi y meet p1 ,!y w h>m y ) _! weapons ( w>4 ,because ! s\nd ( t :i* is un-spok5 ,travels fa/] ?an a clap ( ?und]4 ,! =m ( ! he>t_/m9d's ,qi ,is bright] ?an ! sun & moon1 ,m obs]vant ?an a fa!r or "m4 ,rew>ds are n en\gh to enc\rage virtue1 ,puni%m5ts are n en\gh to discipl9e excesses4 ,qi's int5t is atta9$1 & ! _w obeys2 ,! he>t_/m9d's int5t becomes settl$1 & ! _w li/5s4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ,because !y consolidate,r ,qi l spirits1 ,! t5 ?\s& creatures are prep>$ = exi/5ce4 ,c y consolidate,r x8 ,c y unify x8 ,c y =etell bad =tune & good =tune1 b )\t div9+8 ,c y !n /op8 ,c y8 ,h[ c y nev] seek x f anyone1 ,yet atta9 x y\rself8 ,contemplate x1 contemplate x1 & aga9 repeat$ly contemplate x4 ,%\ld y contemplate x yet n compreh5d x1 ,"k t gho/s & spirits c compreh5d x4 ,h[ev]1 x is n compreh5d$ by ! p[] ( gho/s & spirits - ,b by ! utmo/ ( ess5ce's ,qi6 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ,once ! f\r limbs are prop]ly align$1 ,once blood & ,qi are /ill 3 ,unify y\r int5t1 consolidate,r y\r he>t_/m9d2 ,& ! e>s & eyes w be re/ra9$ ,ev5 ?\gh :at is remote seems ne>4 ,deep contemplation creates und]/&+2 ,disda9 & laxity creates worries2 ,cruelty & arrogance creates res5tm5t2 ,worries & melan*oly create sickness4 ,sickness !n causes dea?4 ,if y contemplate ^! & d n let g ( !m1 ,inside y w be di/ress$1 outside y w be weak4 ,d n neglect,s to make plans = ?is1 ,or life w leave its dwell+4 ,d n eat z if y 7 />v+1 ,d n contemplate z if y 7 indiff]5t4 ,:5 y re/ra9 ^! appropriately & simultane\sly1 ,t ,dao,t w naturally arrive4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ,always 3 at ! bir? ( p - ,heav5 produces _! ess5ce1 ,e>? produces _! =m2 ,^! comb9e 9 ord] to make p4 ,:5 ^! are 9 h>mony !n !re is life2 ,no h>mony1 no life4 ,obs]ve ! ,dao ( h>mony 3 ,its ess5ce is n se51 ,its manife/ations are n wick$4 ,:5 equability & prop] alignm5t completely fill y\r brea/1 ,& ! pr9ciples ( regulation are 9 y\r he>t_/m9d1 ,?is gives long life4 ,:5 love & ang] lose _! prop] value1 ,!n use ?is plan ( action 3 ,re/ra9 y\r five desires,u1 ,leave beh9d y\r two mis=tunes - ,d n love1 d n be angry4 ,!n equability & prop] alignm5t w completely fill y\r brea/4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ,always 3 at ! bir? ( p - ,!y c]ta9ly h equability & prop] alignm5t4 ,! reason t !y lose x ,is c]ta9ly due to love1 ang]1 worries1 suff]+4 ,?us 3 !re is no?+ t /ops ang] l poetry1 ,!re is no?+ t removes worries l music1 ,!re is no?+ t re/ra9s music l propriety199 ,!re is no?+ t ma9ta9s propriety99 l respect994,v ,b1 !re is no?+ t ma9ta9s respect99 l /illness4 ,inw>dly /ill & outw>dly respectful991 ,y c return to y\r orig9al nature1 ,& y\r nature w be exceptionally settl$4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ,always 3 reg>d+ ! ,dao ( eat+ - ,ov]-fill+ causes injury1 & y\r =m w n be "r2 ,ov]-fa/+,w makes y\r bones )] & y\r blood congeal4 ,:5 y rea* ! space betwe5 fill+ & fa/+,w1 ,?is is call$ a*iev+ h>mony - ,t :i* is ! dwell+ place ( ess5ce ,& t :i* is ! creation ( und]/&+4 ,:5 hung] & satiation lose _! prop] value1 ,!n use ?is plan ( action 3 ,:5 y are satiat$1 !n move ab\t quickly4 ,:5 y are hungry1 !n neglect y\r contemplation4 ,:5 y are old1 !n take *>ge ( y\r conc]ns4 ,if y are satiat$ & d n move ab\t quickly1 ,y\r ,qi w be ob/ruct$ 9 y\r f\r extremities4 ,if y are hungry & d n neglect y\r contemplation1 ,:5 y eat y w get full b y w n /op4 ,if y are old & d n take *>ge ( y\r conc]ns1 ,:5 y are di/ress$1 !n y w be quickly exhau/$4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ,:5 y exp& y\r he>t_/m9d & free x1 ,:5 y\r ,qi is magnanim\s & va/1 ,:5 y\r =m is calm & un*ang+ 3 ,y c ma9ta9 ,on5ess,g & reject ! t5 ?\s& trivialities1 ,y see pr(it & are n tempt$1 ,y see tr\ble & are n fright5$4 ,y are magnanim\s1 relax$1 & k9d992 ,:5 alone1 y are happy ) y\r self4 ,?is is call$ cl\d-l ,qi - ,y\r int5t & behavior resemble t ( heav54 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ,always 3 at ! bir? ( p - ,!y c]ta9ly h joy4 ,:5 !y are worri$1 !n !y lose ^! t5ets,x4 ,:5 !y are angry1 !n !y lose ! s\rce4 ,:]e !re is worry1 grief1 love1 ang]1 ,!n ,dao does n dwell4 ,love & desire 3 /ill !m4 ,fooli%ness & confusion 3 prop]ly align !m4 ,:5 y d n pull & d n pu%1,y ,good =tune w naturally return to y 3 ,t ,dao w naturally arrive1 ,:i* y c rely on & consult )4 ,:5 y are /ill1 !n y atta9 x1 ,:5 y are impati5t1 !n y lose x4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ,?is pot5t ,qi 9 y\r he>t_/m9d 3 ,"o mom5t x arrives1 "o mom5t x dep>ts4 ,x is s t9y !re is no?+ inside x1 ,x is s great !re is no?+ outside x4 ,! reason t y lose x ,is because impati5ce causes h>m4 ,:5 ! he>t_/m9d c ma9ta9 /illness1 ,dao w naturally settle !re4 ,= p :o atta9 ,dao 3 ,regulation supports x & x w n dissipate easily1 ,s t ! c5t] 9 _! brea/ does n fail !m4 ,:5 foll[+ ! ,dao ( re/ra9+ desire1 ,! t5 ?\s& creatures d n cause h>m4,z ,a 3 al?o ! mod]n translation ( ?is symbol is sudd5 or abrupt 7among o!r ?+s71 & is translat$ diff]5t ways by diff]5t au?ors1 ,i h *os5 close 7z 9 )9 rea*1 accessible7 bas$ on ! answ]s giv5 ea* "t ?is "q is ask$ ,b 3 us+ its "h 7r ?an !7 is significant1 mak+ ! diff]5ce betwe5 ref]r+ to ! =m ( ! he>t_/m9d or ref]r+ sep>ately to ! he>t_/m9d & ! =m ,c 3 ?is & ! next #e l9es c\ld /ill be talk+ ab\t ! sage1 b because x seems to be a diff]5t section1 x is translat$ 9 ?is fa%ion ,d 3 ,simonis claims t ! grammatical s5se 9 :i* "o is be+ us$ means "o-+ creatures1 h5ce kn[+ 7or see+1 s5s+1 p]ceiv+1 etc47 y\r on5ess ) !m ,e 3 _s-l is tak5 to mean t y\r und]/&+ ( ,dao has rea*$ ! same level z t ( ! spirits1 :o are presumably n confus$ by hav+ s5ses or a he>t_/m9d 7f ,simonis7 ,f 3 9 ?is & ! #e l9es above1 x is assum$ t x is ! creatures & duties t are be+ trans=m$ & *ang$1 because e>li] x is said t ! sage takes "p 9 *anges b is n himself trans=m$ or *ang$ ,g 3 usually translat$ z grasps ! ,"o or holds to ! ,"o 7! "o :at8 pr9ciple8 ,dao871 ma9ta9+ ,on5ess is tak5 to mean be+ able to keep ! s5se ( ,on5ess ref]r$ to above ,h 3 he rules creatures 9 t !y d n confuse 8 s5ses or he>t_/m9d 7ref]r$ to bel[7 ,i 3 creatures d n use him 9 t !y d n confuse 8 s5ses or he>t_/m9d 7ref]r$ to bel[7 ,j 3 x is uncle> :at x meant "h 3 "o ^w1 "o say+1 ^w ( ! ,"o 7,"o p]haps ref]r+ to ,dao871 ^w ( ,on5ess1 s\nd ( ,on5ess1 possibly ev5 ! :ole utt]ance1 etc42 s x is j left lit]ally translat$ z "o ^w ,k 3 _s-l und]/&+ is tak5 to ref] to a /ate ( consci\sness :]e y c intuitively und]/& ,dao v cle>ly 7f ,simonis7 ,l 3 y w und]/& !m 9 t y w und]/& _! prop] value 7m5tion$ bel[71 y w n all[ !m to confuse y\r s5ses or he>t_/m9d 7ref]r$ to imm$iately bel[71 etc4 ,m 3 presumably ! he>t_/m9d1 or p]haps ! c5t] ,n 3 ! image seems to be t ( a dragon - y\r head is 9 heav51 y\r tail is on ! e>?1 & y\r coils fill ! n9e prov9ces 7! :ole _w7 ,o 3 ?is is usually translat$ z flood-l 7to mat* ,m5cius71 b lit]ally means l a va/ body ( wat]1 & a flood does n seem to be z h>moni\s & equable z a wide1 calm lake ,p 3 two eyes1 two e>s1 "o nose1 "o m\?1 two elim9ation1 "o sexual ,q 3 f\r seas also indicates ! :ole _w ,r 3 !re are ?ree possible symbols "h1 to grasp or cat* 7:i* ,ro? says is ! orig9al symbol71 to roll into a ball ) ! h&s1 & to conc5trate1 & all are equally likely 7z f> z ,i c tell71 s ! ^w us$ is a comb9ation ( all ?ree ,s 3 ! symbol giv5 7flea7 makes no s5se2 h[ev] x seems t x mu/ complete a d\ble negative 7d n neglect_/hesitate_/fail to871 because twice bel[ ! ,nei ,ye enc\rages ! read] to make plans ,t 3 !re is no subject 9 ?is s5t5ce 9 ! orig9al ,*9ese6 ,b ! phrase t ,dao is us$ f\r o!r times1 & t ,dao w naturally arrive appe>s bel[ 7us+ diff]5t symbols7 ,u 3 ! five s5ses ,v 3 ^! #d l9es are express+ v ,confucian ideas2 ,confucius himself said ,let a p]son be /imulat$ by poetry1 e/abli%$ 9 "* by ! rules ( propriety1 & p]fect$ by music4 7,analects #h4h7 ,w 3 ! giv5 symbol makes no s5se "h1 b presumably means ! opposite ( gorg+ ,x 3 :ile ! /&>d def9ition is discipl9e1 accord+ to ,waley x lit]ally means ma9 ?read 7z 9 ( ! tea*+7 ,y 3 presumably1 d n pull desirable ?+s t[>ds y & pu% undesirable ?+s away ,z 3 creatures w n cause h>m 9 t !y w n confuse ! s5ses or ! he>t_/m9d 7m5tion$ above7 ,?is "w is lic5s$ "u a ,creative ,commons ,attribution-,non,commercial-,no,derivs #c4j ,unport$ ,lic5se 7,,cc ,,by-,,nc-,,nd #c4j74 ,y are free to d[nload ?is "w & %>e x ) o!rs z long z ,i reta9 cr$it = ! "w4 ,b y _c *ange or build on ?is "w 9 any way1 or use x comm]cially 7t is1 = y\r pr(it71 )\t my p]mission4